Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Trust in On-line Prescription Drug Information and Impact of Trust on Behavior Following Exposure to DTC Advertising

ABSTRACT Despite growing concerns about the quality and accuracy of Internet-based prescription drug information, there has been very little empirical research on consumers' perceptions of the trustworthiness of on-line drug information. In this article, we report on a study modeled after that of Menon, Deshpande, Perri, and Zinkhan (2002) in Health Marketing Quarterly that reexamines how key demographic, predispositional, and media factors are associated with consumer trust in on-line prescription drug information and the impact of trust in on-line drug information on ad-promoted behavior following exposure to direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising. Four major findings are reported: (1) on-line drug information is not highly trusted; (2) trust in on-line drug information is not differentially affected by consumer demographic or predispositional characteristics; (3) trust in the traditional media of DTC advertising is predictive of trust in on-line drug information; and (4) trust in on-line drug information is associated directly with specific types of ad-promoted behavior following exposure to DTC advertising. Implications and recommendations are offered based on the results.
Breast cancer in high-risk Afrikaner families: Is BRCA founder mutation testing sufficient?

BACKGROUND Germline pathogenic mutations in cancer susceptibility genes result in inherited cancer syndromes. In the Afrikaner population of South Africa (SA), three founder mutations in the BRCA genes that lead to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOCS) have been identified. OBJECTIVES To investigate the uptake and type of molecular testing performed on patients for HBOCS, to determine the prevalence of the three Afrikaner founder BRCA mutations as well as non-founder BRCA mutations in the study population, and to analyse the utility of two mutation prediction models (Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm (BOADICEA) and Manchester scoring method) in assisting with the decision for the most cost-effective testing option. METHODS A retrospective file review was performed on counsellees of self-reported Afrikaner ancestry from Johannesburg, SA (2001 - 2014), with a personal or family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. Demographic and family history information was recorded and Manchester and BOADICEA scores were calculated for each patient. RESULTS Of 86 unrelated counsellees whose files were reviewed, 54 (62.8%) underwent BRCA genetic testing; 18 (33.3%) tested positive for a mutation, and 14 of these (77.8%) for an Afrikaner founder mutation. Twelve counsellees had the BRCA2 c.7934delG mutation. Four non-founder mutations were identified. BOADICEA scores were significantly higher in counsellees who tested positive for a mutation than in those who tested negative. CONCLUSIONS Founder mutation testing should be performed as a first-line option. BOADICEA is very useful in identifying counsellees at high risk for a BRCA mutation and also assists with the decision to pursue further testing following a negative founder mutation result. These findings assist in guiding an informed genetic counselling service for at-risk individuals with an Afrikaner background.
Nuclear receptor TLX stimulates hippocampal neurogenesis and enhances learning and memory in a transgenic mouse model

Significance How do we learn new things and remember and recall episodes? An important region in the brain, the hippocampus, plays a critical role in learning and memory. In this study, we show that manipulating the expression of the TLX gene affects neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult mammalian brains. Our data demonstrate that the expression of TLX in neural precursors is both necessary and sufficient for adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Moreover, the neural precursor-specific overexpression of TLX makes significant contributions to learning and memory. Because impaired learning and memory occur both with aging and in neurodegenerative diseases, increasing TLX expression provides a potential strategy for improving cognitive performance in the elderly and in patients with neurologic diseases. The role of the nuclear receptor TLX in hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition has just begun to be explored. In this study, we generated a transgenic mouse model that expresses TLX under the control of the promoter of nestin, a neural precursor marker. Transgenic TLX expression led to mice with enlarged brains with an elongated hippocampal dentate gyrus and increased numbers of newborn neurons. Specific expression of TLX in adult hippocampal dentate gyrus via lentiviral transduction increased the numbers of BrdU+ cells and BrdU+NeuN+ neurons. Furthermore, the neural precursor-specific expression of the TLX transgene substantially rescued the neurogenic defects of TLX-null mice. Consistent with increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus, the TLX transgenic mice exhibited enhanced cognition with increased learning and memory. These results suggest a strong association between hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition, as well as significant contributions of TLX to hippocampal neurogenesis, learning, and memory.
Mirrored pyramidal wells for simultaneous multiple vantage point microscopy

We report a novel method for obtaining simultaneous images from multiple vantage points of a microscopic specimen using size‐matched microscopic mirrors created from anisotropically etched silicon. The resulting pyramidal wells enable bright‐field and fluorescent side‐view images, and when combined with z‐sectioning, provide additional information for 3D reconstructions of the specimen. We have demonstrated the 3D localization and tracking over time of the centrosome of a live Dictyostelium discoideum. The simultaneous acquisition of images from multiple perspectives also provides a five‐fold increase in the theoretical collection efficiency of emitted photons, a property which may be useful for low‐light imaging modalities such as bioluminescence, or low abundance surface‐marker labelling.
Risk Score for Patients With Chest Pain

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research was to develop a risk score for patients with chest pain, non–ST-segment deviation electrocardiogram (ECG), and normal troponin levels. BACKGROUND Prognosis assessment in this population remains a challenge. METHODS A total of 646 consecutive patients were evaluated by clinical history (risk factors and chest pain score according to pain characteristics), ECG, and early exercise testing. ST-segment deviation and troponin elevation were exclusion criteria. The primary end point was mortality or myocardial infarction at one year. The secondary end point was mortality, myocardial infarction, or urgent revascularization at 14 days (similar to the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] risk score). RESULTS Primary and secondary end point rates were 6.7% and 5.4%. A risk score was constructed using the variables related to the primary end point: chest pain score 10 points (hazard ratio [HR] 2.5; 1 point), 2 pain episodes in last 24 h (HR 2.2; 1 point), age 67 years (HR 2.3; 1 point), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (HR 4.2; 2 points), and prior percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (HR 2.2; 1 point). Patients were classified into five categories of risk (p 0.0001): 0 points, 0% event rate; 1 point, 3.1%; 2 points, 5.4%; 3 points, 17.6%; 4 points, 29.6%. The accuracy of the score was greater than that of the TIMI risk score for the primary (C index of 0.78 vs. 0.66, p 0.0002) and secondary (C index of 0.70 vs. 0.66, p 0.1) end points. CONCLUSIONS Patients presenting with chest pain despite no ST-segment deviation or troponin elevation show a non-negligible rate of events at one year. A risk score derived from this specific population allows more accurate stratification than when using the TIMI risk score. (J Am ublished by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc. 2005.04. 037
Effects of food deprivation and refeeding on total protein and actomyosin degradation.

Total protein and actomyosin degradation rates were determined in perfused rat hemicorpus preparations. By simultaneously measuring the release of two nonmetabolizable amino acids phenylalanine and N tau-methylhistidine from the hemicorpus, the respective rates of total protein and actomyosin degradation could be calculated. When rats were deprived of food for 48 h, the rate of total protein degradation increased to 148% of the fed controls. If rats were food deprived and then refed for 24 h, the degradation rate decreased to only 79% of the rate of fed controls. Measurement of N tau-methylhistidine release indicated that food deprivation led to a dramatic increase in the rate of actomyosin degradation (427% of fed), whereas refeeding decreased the actomyosin degradation rate to that of the fed controls. Calculations of the fractional degradation rates show that actomyosin breaks down at a much slower rate than the nonactomyosin proteins (1.5 vs. 20.8%/day in preparations from fed rats, and 6.2 vs. 28.2%/day in preparations from food-deprived rats). Therefore, the contribution of actomyosin breakdown to total muscle protein breakdown is small in the fed state (11%) and increased threefold after food deprivation. The addition of insulin to the perfusion medium decreased the rate of total protein degradation by 18% in preparations from food-deprived rats with no significant effect on actomyosin degradation. Thus, in vitro, insulin's major effect may be to decrease the degradation of more rapidly turning over, nonactomyosin proteins. Protein degradation, as well as protein synthesis, contributes to the adaptation of muscle to starvation and refeeding. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Increased adult hippocampal neurogenesis and abnormal migration of adult‐born granule neurons is associated with hippocampal‐specific cognitive deficits in phospholipase C‐β1 knockout mice

Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric illness with a complex pathophysiology. We have recently documented schizophrenia‐like endophenotypes in phospholipase C‐β1 knockout (PLC‐β1−/−) mice, including deficits in prepulse inhibition, hyperlocomotion, and cognitive impairments. PLC‐β1 signals via multiple G‐protein coupled receptor pathways implicated in neural cellular plasticity; however, adult neurogenesis has yet to be explored in this knockout model. In this study, weemployed PLC‐β1−/− mice to elucidate possible correlates between aberrant adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and schizophrenia‐like behaviors. Using stereology and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry we demonstrated a significant increase in the density of adult‐generated cells in the granule cell layer (GCL) of adult PLC‐β1−/− mice compared with wild‐type littermates. Cellular phenotype analysis using confocal microscopy revealed these cells to be mature granule neurons expressing NeuN and calbindin. Increased neuronal survival occurred concomitant with reduced caspase‐3(+) cells in the GCL of PLC‐β1−/− mice. Stereological analysis of Ki67(+) cells in the subgranular zone suggested that neural precursor proliferation is unchanged in PLC‐β1−/− mice. We further showed aberrant migration of mature granule neurons within the GCL of adult PLC‐β1−/− mice with excessive adult‐generated mature neurons residing in the middle and outer GCL. PLC‐β1−/− mice exhibited specific behavioral deficits in location recognition, a measure of hippocampal‐dependent memory, but not novel object recognition. Overall, we have shown that PLC‐β1−/− mice have a threefold increase in net AHN, and have provided further evidence to suggest a specific deficit in hippocampal‐dependent cognition. We propose that abnormal cellular plasticity in these mice may contribute to their schizophrenia‐like behavioral endophenotypes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
l‐Carnitine Is a Modulator of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Alpha

Abstract: l‐Carnitine (LC) is a nutrient with an essential role in cellular energy production. At high doses, LC can mimic some of the biological activities of glucocorticoids, particularly immunomodulation. To explore the molecular bases of this property, we tested the influence of LC on glucocorticoid receptor‐a (GRα) functions. LC reduced the binding capacity of GRα, induced its nuclear translocation, and stimulated its transcriptional activity. Moreover, LC suppressed TNFα and IL‐12 release from human monocytes in glucocorticoid‐like fashion. We conclude that pharmacologic doses of LC can activate GRα and, via this mechanism, regulate glucocorticoid‐responsive genes, potentially sharing some of the biological and therapeutic properties of glucocorticoids.
Digital competence's frameworks in Europe: an approaching to Spanish and Norwegian framework

The changes that have occurred because of the digital technologies are truly an unstoppable reality and adjust the education to this framework is one of the main challenges for governments. Therefore the development of educational frameworks related to digital skills and digital competences is certainly the first step to make sure that the educational system can improve in a proper manner in the current digital society. This article presents the review of digital competence's frameworks in Europe, Spain and Norway. The essay goes from a common digital competence model: the European model, to specific models for teachers' digital competence: the Spanish and the Norwegian one. The Spanish is a nearly new and not yet implemented framework and the Norwegian a consolidated model. The first aim of this essay is taking a glance on how the digital competence is being currently developed in the European framework. To reach this goal it is firstly presented a conceptual overview about "digital competence" and "framework" in order to unify meanings and contribute for a better understanding of the paper. Moreover, the second goal will be to present two different frameworks for teachers' digital competences: an emerging one, the Spanish and a consolidated one, the Norwegian. Making at last some positive reflections.
Review of readmissions due to complications from uterine fibroid embolization.

AIM To determine the frequency, nature and outcome of complications resulting in readmission to hospital following uterine artery embolization (UAE). MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective review of the medical notes and available imaging of 42 consecutive patients who had undergone elective uterine artery embolization for the treatment of fibroid disease was performed. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 42 years (range 31--54 years) and seven patients (17%) were readmitted to hospital. The median time to readmission was 3 weeks (range 1-29 weeks). All seven patients were admitted with signs and symptoms of infection. In four patients an organism was isolated from high vaginal swabs, and in one patient the midstream urine sample was confirmed as the source of infection. In the other two patients no definite source of infection was identified. All patients were treated with intravenous antibiotics. Six of the seven patients responded to treatment. The remaining patient required hysterectomy for uncontrolled uterine sepsis. CONCLUSION Readmission following UAE is common and arises secondary to infection. Infection can occur several months after the procedure.
Professionals' perceptions of interprofessional working in community mental health teams

This paper seeks to establish whether the presence of core structures influences professionals' perceptions of interprofessional working within their teams by means of a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of all professionals working in integrated community mental health teams in an identified NHS Trust. The findings confirm that the interprofessional teams were integrated, but that the presence of meetings, Care Programme Approach policy or operational policy had little influence on perceptions of interprofessional working. Joint policies on documentation, risk and supervision were related to perceptions of interprofessional working. The majority of professionals were clear about their roles, but perceived that other members of the team did not recognise or understand these roles. Questions arise about how identified structures are operationalised in interprofessional teams. Practice areas may need to examine the effectiveness of the identified meetings and the involvement of the different professionals.
Drug metabolism and disposition in children

Key factors undergoing maturational changes accounting for differences in drug metabolism and disposition in the pediatric population compared with adults are reviewed. Gastric and duodenal pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, bacterial colonization and probably P‐glycoprotein are important factors for drug absorption, whereas key factors explaining differences in drug distribution between the pediatric population and adults are membrane permeability, plasma protein concentration and plasma protein characteristics, endogenous substances in plasma, total body and extracellular water, fat content, regional blood flow and probably P‐glycoprotein, mainly that present in the gut, liver and brain. As far as drug metabolism is concerned, important differences have been found in the pediatric population compared with adults both for phase I enzymes [oxidative (e.g. cytochrome CYP3A7 vs. CYP3A4 and CYP1A2), reductive and hydrolytic enzymes] and phase II enzymes (e.g. N‐methyltransferases and glucuronosyltransferases). Finally, key factors undergoing maturational changes accounting for differences in renal excretion in the pediatric population compared with adults are glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. It would be important to generate information on the developmental aspects of renal P‐glycoprotein and of other renal transporters as done and still being done with the different isozymes involved in drug metabolism.
Ultrastructural changes in renal tubules of sheep following experimental infection with Leptospira interrogans serotype pomona.

SUMMARY Sheep were experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serotype pomona and after 34 days the kidneys were examined by electron microscopy. Colonisation of the kidneys was well established at this time and changes in the kidney tubules included a concentration of leptospires around the periphery of the proximal tubular lumen. The microvilli making up the brush border were in some instances greatly reduced in numbers and in others the microvilli had developed bulbous ends. Necrotic epithelial cells within the tubules were observed and these were sometimes found free in the tubular lumen. The possible sequence of events leading to these changes is discussed.
Validating the Physical Educators' Attitude Toward Teaching Individuals with Disabilities III (PEATID III) Survey for Future Professionals.

The purpose of this study was to assess validity and reliability of the Physical Educators' Attitude Toward Teaching Individuals with Disabilities III (PEATID III; Rizzo, 1993) for future professionals. Participants (N = 3,464) were undergraduate students enrolled in the introductory adapted physical education course at 235 colleges and universities. Construct validity was obtained through principal components analysis with oblique rotation and supported by principal components analysis with varimax rotation. Results showed that PEATID III measures three factors: (a) outcomes of teaching students with disabilities in regular classes, (b) effects on student learning, and (c) need for more academic preparation to teach students with disabilities. Reliability, as estimated through coefficient alpha, was . 88 for the total scale and . 71 or greater for each of the disability subscales.
Evaluation of the Design Piracy Prohibition Act: Is the Cure Worse than the Disease? An Analogy with Counterfeiting and a Comparison with the Protection Available in the European Community.

Is the Design Piracy Prohibition Act a necessary addition to the Intellectual Property panorama of the United States? American designers and otherwise creative minds do not have any means to protect their innovative design creations because none of the existing intellectual property measures can be tailored to the protection of design rights. To explore this issue, I go back to the underlying reasons for prohibiting the trade of counterfeit goods and I argue that counterfeiting and design piracy are analytically similar and there is no reason justifying a different legal treatment, especially given the close interrelation of these two phenomena. After demonstrating that the current intellectual property measures are inadequate for the protection of design rights I provide arguments for the need of such protection and include a full analysis of the Design Piracy Prohibition Act. Finally I compare the Act with the European Design protection system and argue that much can be gained from looking at the European experience.
Phylogenetic analysis of a natural marine bacterioplankton population by rRNA gene cloning and sequencing

The identification of the prokaryotic species which constitute marine bacterioplankton communities has been a long-standing problem in marine microbiology. To address this question, we used the polymerase chain reaction to construct and analyze a library of 51 small-subunit (16S) rRNA genes cloned from Sargasso Sea bacterioplankton genomic DNA. Oligonucleotides complementary to conserved regions in the 16S rDNAs of eubacteria were used to direct the synthesis of polymerase chain reaction products, which were then cloned by blunt-end ligation into the phagemid vector pBluescript. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms and hybridizations to oligonucleotide probes for the SAR11 and marine Synechococcus phylogenetic groups indicated the presence of at least seven classes of genes. The sequences of five unique rDNAs were determined completely. In addition to 16S rRNA genes from the marine Synechococcus cluster and the previously identified but uncultivated microbial group, the SAR11 cluster [S. J. Giovannoni, T. B. Britschgi, C. L. Moyer, and K. G. Field. Nature (London) 345:60-63], two new gene classes were observed. Phylogenetic comparisons indicated that these belonged to unknown species of alpha- and gamma-proteobacteria. The data confirm the earlier conclusion that a majority of planktonic bacteria are new species previously unrecognized by bacteriologists.
Selection of Optimal Measurement Point Density in Travel Time Mapping: Warsaw Airport Case Study

In the study, a selection of an optimal density of measurement points in travel time mapping was undertaken. The study was related to the territory of Warsaw and travelling to the Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport with the use of public transportation. The measurement points from which travel times were calculated, were selected using the self-acting method and the jakdojade.pl online service. They were automatically arranged in three different grids with a mesh of 500 m, 1000 m and 2000 m. Travel times were calculated for each measurement point. The measurement data was current on March 2016. The estimated travel time was evaluated by computing absolute error, as well as by creating a model of travel times differences between different grids. The optimal results were obtained using data with a mesh of 1000 m. The accuracy was as good as in a mesh of 500 m, but the travel time procured was much shorter.