Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infection control: nurses' knowledge and practice of universal precaution in Delta State, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND Health personnel especially nurses are at high risk of various occupational acquisition of infections such as blood-borne infections, body fluids and contaminated medical equipment. Health personnel may transmit the acquired infections to clients, colleagues and other people they come in contact with. Infection control reduces the risk of transmission of infections among clients, clients to nurses or other health personnel and vice versa. Literature reveals that nurses' knowledge and attention to infection control in Primary Health Centres (PHC) in Nigeria is very limited. This study was therefore designed to assess the nurses' knowledge and practice of infection control in PHC in Delta State, Nigeria. METHOD Cross-sectional design was utilised and target population were the nurses working in PHC in Delta State. Using Slovan's sampling formula; a sample size of 231 nurses was obtained from the randomly selected 17 out of the 25 local government areas in Delta State. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Items on knowledge have Yes/No responses while items on practice have Always, Sometimes, Not at all and not applicable responses. Data were analysed and hypothesis tested with Chi square test at significant level of p < 0.05. RESULTS Findings revealed that nurses in the study setting had good knowledge of infection control, but not fully reflected in the level of their practice of infection control. Majority of them knew that the following precautions could prevent infection: cleaning/covering of sores with waterproof plaster (96.1%), washing of hands with soap and water (97.8%), wearing of gloves (99.1) and disinfecting re-usable instruments (95.2%). In practice, the percentage was below average in the use of hand gloves (47.6%), disinfection of re-usable instrument (45.9%), use of face mask (17.7%), use of eyeshield (7.0%). There was relationship between the years of working experience and practice of infection control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study reveals that the practice of universal precaution is not given much attention in the PHC and this may constitute health risk to the nurses and the patients in the study setting. It is essential that activities that will encourage the practice of infection control should be put in place in PHC to prevent transmission of infection.
Training Rapid Stepping Responses in an Individual With Stroke

Background and Purpose Compensatory stepping reactions are important responses to prevent a fall following a postural perturbation. People with hemiparesis following a stroke show delayed initiation and execution of stepping reactions and often are found to be unable to initiate these steps with the more-affected limb. This case report describes a targeted training program involving repeated postural perturbations to improve control of compensatory stepping in an individual with stroke. Case Description Compensatory stepping reactions of a 68-year-old man were examined 52 days after left hemorrhagic stroke. He required assistance to prevent a fall in all trials administered during his initial examination because he showed weight-bearing asymmetry (with more weight borne on the more-affected right side), was unable to initiate stepping with the right leg (despite blocking of the left leg in some trials), and demonstrated delayed response times. The patient completed 6 perturbation training sessions (30–60 minutes per session) that aimed to improve preperturbation weight-bearing symmetry, to encourage stepping with the right limb, and to reduce step initiation and completion times. Outcomes Improved efficacy of compensatory stepping reactions with training and reduced reliance on assistance to prevent falling were observed. Improvements were noted in preperturbation asymmetry and step timing. Blocking the left foot was effective in encouraging stepping with the more-affected right foot. Discussion This case report demonstrates potential short-term adaptations in compensatory stepping reactions following perturbation training in an individual with stroke. Future work should investigate the links between improved compensatory step characteristics and fall risk in this vulnerable population.
Promoting healthy computer use: timing-informed computer health animations for prolonged sitting computer users

Accompanying the increase in computer and Internet use worldwide, physical inactivity has become prevalent in most developed and developing countries. Extended computer use may contribute to symptoms such as visual impairment and musculoskeletal disorders. To reduce the risk of physical inactivity and promote healthier computer use, this study tries to develop a timed broadcast of health-related animations for users sitting at computers for prolonged periods. In addition, we examine the effects that the program has on the computer-related health beliefs and behaviour of participants. Before-and-after survey questionnaires were used for data collection. The results show that the animation program indeed had a positive effect when reminding participants to take a break and stretch their bodies. The program influenced the beliefs and behaviours of participants with regard to their health. The development and examination were documented and discussed within the context of health agencies planning the next steps in an effort to promote, develop and evaluate healthy computer use.
Quercetin regulates β‐catenin signaling and reduces the migration of triple negative breast cancer

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a lack in estrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor 2 receptors. TNBC exhibits most of the characteristics of basal‐like and claudin‐low breast cancer subtypes. The main contributor in the mortality of TNBC is due to the higher invasive and migratory ability of these tumor cells. Some plant flavonoids inhibit the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells and suppress cancer metastasis. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the flavonoid quercetin is effective in modulating the molecular signaling associated with EMT in TNBC. Our data indicated that quercetin can induce the expression of E‐cadherin and also downregulate vimentin levels in TNBC. The ability of quercetin to modulate these EMT markers resulted in a mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition (MET). Quercetin‐induced MET was linked with the alteration of nuclear localization of β‐catenin and modulation of β‐catenin target genes such as cyclin D1 and c‐Myc. Furthermore, we observed that quercetin induced the anti‐tumor activity of doxorubicin by inhibiting the migratory ability of TNBC cells. These results suggested that quercetin may inhibit TNBC metastasis and also improve the therapeutic efficacy of existing chemotherapeutic drugs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regional accuracy of QuikSCAT gridded winds

The quality of gridded 00 UTC and 12 UTC QuikSCAT wind speed fields provided by the Florida State University (FSU) and NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) are analysed over the Bay of Bengal during May–August 2001. Additionally, an examination of these fields is performed over the Gulf of Mexico for the May–August period from 2001 to 2003. Both 00 UTC and 12 UTC time almost coincide with QuikSCAT sampling times (twice a day) and correspond to either early morning or late evening local time over these regions. The primary restriction for generating accurate maps with a temporal resolution of 12 hours and less is a lack of adequate sampling. Due to non‐uniform spatial‐temporal sampling of the scatterometer, interpolation procedures cannot provide proper estimates in data gaps over the regions not covered by a swath. Wind speed autocorrelation coefficients for gridded datasets have been compared with that of original QuikSCAT data and buoy winds. It is shown that the spatial and temporal interpolation used to obtain these datasets results in smoothing of the QuikSCAT wind speeds, reducing their original variance. This smoothing is amplified where substantial diurnal wind variability occurs. A comparison with buoy data shows that FSU and JPL gridded fields are unable to reproduce correctly observed low correlations in wind speed between morning and evening breeze flows and diurnal variability of winds, leading to a reduced difference between 00 UTC and 12 UTC values in comparison with buoys and swath QuikSCAT data. Rather, the FSU and JPL maps describe daily mean fields. Another consequence of the spatial‐temporal interpolation is that the winds are distorted at a frequency matching the dominant sampling interval (3–4 days) of QuikSCAT measurements over the Bay of Bengal.
Tres miradas desde el interior de #YoSoy132

Luis es ingeniero en comunicacion multimedia por la Universidad de Guadalajara (udeg). Se integro al Movimiento #YoSoy132 en Puerto Vallarta, mientras estudiaba alla. Para el, #YoSoy132 “fue asi como mi despertar al activismo, a la politica y todas esas ondas sociales”. Actualmente es parte de la Comision de Vinculacion del Movimiento. Todo comenzo con una convocatoria en las redes sociales para asistir a la marcha contra Enrique Pena Nieto (epn), candidato del Partido Revolucionario Institucional (pri) a la presidencia.
How Were Neolithic Ditches Filled In? Deposition Study of Two Enclosures from Bohemia

The aim of this study is to analyse the correlation between finds and ditches, the duration of ditch fills, and the manner of the demise of Late Neolithic rondels (Kreisgrabenanlagen) in the Czech Republic. Two comparable long-term projects are discussed here: Kolín (central Bohemia) and Vchynice (north-west Bohemia). Qualitative, quantitative, and spatial analyses of the different categories of finds (pottery fragments, lithics, daub, and faunal remains) from the ditch fills show that only finds from the bottom layers of the ditches were contemporary with the primary function of the rondels. However, the bottom layers often only contained a few artefacts. The richest parts of the ditches, the middle and upper layers, from both sites illustrated similar characteristics: after the rondels lost their primary function, the ditches were filled by both natural and cultural agents over a long period. As a consequence, some previous, and widely accepted, interpretations of the relationship between individual areas of rondels and their relationship with surrounding features, as well as the relationship of the finds from ditch fills to rondel function and chronology, need to be revisited.
A 4 T HTS Magnetic Field Generator, Conduction Cooled, for Neutron Physics Spectrometry

This paper is concerned with the analysis of thermal and magnetic design of a high-uniformity magnetic field (HUMF) electromagnet using high temperature superconducting (HTS) coils in Helmholtz arrangement, for nuclear physics experiments. The sample, exposed to a neutron pulse, is placed in the HUMF, and detectors are registering the emerging radiation. The 4-T dipole HUMF electromagnet system is conduction cooled using a closed-cycle Gifford-McMahon cryocooler. A second cryocooler is used to keep the sample temperature in the 4.2-300 K range. The Helmholtz coils are made of high temperature superconductor (HTS) tape of YBCO type, and are mounted in a special-shaped cryostat. Numerical experiments are performed to assess the magnetic field uniformity. This paper relies on a 3-D computer-aided design model of the electromagnet prototype. They unveil the magnetic field spectrum and the heat paths within the aggregate structure of the magnet system. The "warm” channel crosses the magnet axially and the HTS field winding must be kept within safe temperature limits or the HTS may exit the superconductive state. Therefore, cryocooling is used to remove the heat influx from the ambient. The numerical modeling of the heat transfer phenomena inside the magnet system reveals the temperature distribution and thermal loads for cryocoolers.
Signaling through PI3Kγ: a common platform for leukocyte, platelet and cardiovascular stress sensing

Summary The concerted activation of leukocytes and vessels shapes multiple physiological and pathological responses. A large number of these processes shares a common signal transduction platform involving the activation of plasma membrane bound G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This event is usually amplified by the production of different intra-cellular second messenger molecules. Among these mediators, the phosphorylated lipid phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) produced by phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) has recently emerged as a crucial signal in both vascular and white blood cells. The generation of mice lacking PI3Kγ showed that the GPCR/PI3Kγ/PIP3 signaling pathway controls diverse immune modulatory and vascular functions like respiratory burst, cell recruitment, mast cell reactivity, platelet aggregation, endothelial activation as well as smooth muscle contractility. The relative specificity of these events suggests that blocking PI3Kγ function might turn out beneficial for diseases like inflammation, allergy, thrombosis, and major cardiovascular disorders like hypertension, thus offering a wide range of therapeutic opportunities.
Early language and behavioral regulation skills as predictors of social outcomes.

PURPOSE In the present study, the authors examined the prospective associations among early language skills, behavioral regulation skills, and 2 aspects of school-age social functioning (adaptability and social skills). METHOD The study sample consisted of children with and without a familial risk for dyslexia. The authors analyzed the relations among children's language (at age 2;6 [years;months] and age 5;0), behavioral regulation skills (at age 5;0), and social functioning (at age 8;0) using structural equation modeling. Subgroups of children with respect to language and behavioral regulation skills (at age 5;0) were identified through the use of mixture modeling. RESULTS Among at-risk children, behavioral regulation skills mediated the association between early language skills and social outcomes. A subgroup of children with poor regulatory and weak language skills scored lower in adaptability, whereas a subgroup having only poor language skills (with normal behavioral regulation) did not differ from a group with age-appropriate skills. CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that behavioral regulation skills play an important role in predicting social outcomes among children at risk for language difficulties. Furthermore, it is suggested that various aspects of social functioning may be influenced differently by self-regulation skills and that predictive relationships vary with the degree of language development deficits and accompanying risks.
A Cryptic NUP214-ABL1 Fusion in B-cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis is the standard methods for screening ABL1 fusions, which is recurrently translocated in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and potentially targetable by kinase inhibitors. Here we demonstrated a case of B-cell precursor ALL with NUP214-ABL1 fusion, which break-apart FISH assay for ABL1 failed to detect. The cryptic fusion was generated by small duplication from ABL1 to NUP214, which was detected by copy number analysis using genomic microarray and confirmed by PCR. In the context of precision medicine, we should establish how to screen targetable abnormalities for minimizing risk of false-negative.
Polychlorinated biphenyls and their hydroxylated metabolites in wild fish from wheatley Harbour Area of Concern, Ontario, Canada

Whole‐body polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCBs) and plasma hydroxylated PCBs (OH‐PCBs) concentrations were determined in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from Wheatley Harbour, Ontario, Canada. Elevated ΣPCBs in Wheatley Harbour are suspected to have originated from industrial waste disposal and/or discharges from nearby fish processing through discarding of fish remains. Mean ΣPCB concentrations in brown bullhead from Wheatley Harbour were approximately 250 ng/g wet weight compared with approximately 40 ng/g wet weight for brown bullhead from the reference sites, Hillman Marsh and Turkey Creek (both in Ontario, Canada). A significant relationship was found between the concentrations of non‐ortho and mono‐ortho PCB concentrations (toxic equivalents) and liver mixed‐function oxygenase in brown bullhead (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). Plasma OH‐PCB concentrations were greater in Wheatley Harbour brown bullhead than in those from Hillman Marsh (3.6 vs 1.5 ng/g wet wt, p < 0.01), and were detected infrequently in those from Turkey Creek (0.1 ng/g wet wt, n = 2). The OH‐PCB congeners most frequently detected were 4′‐OH‐CB172, 3′‐OH‐CB180, 4‐OH‐CB187, 4‐OH‐CB146, 3‐OH‐CB138, and 4‐OH‐CB130, which are structurally similar to the thyroid hormones. To test the hypothesis of fish waste as the cause of the observed PCB contamination of Wheatley Harbour brown bullhead, a principal component analysis (PCA) was used to compare the brown bullhead PCB congener data with equivalent data for Lake Erie walleye, Lake Erie sediment, and industrial Aroclor mixtures. The relative proportions of each Aroclor mixture were estimated using the conjugated gradient method. The high similarity between the congener signatures for Lake Erie walleye and Wheatley Harbour brown bullhead supports the hypothesis of contamination from the fish processing industry. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:2788–2797. © 2012 Crown in the Right of Canada
Problems in the measurement of cognitive deficit.

Several dozen studies of differential cognitive deficit appear each year. Artifacts cloud the findings in a majority of these studies because of differences in discriminating power of tasks coupled with generalized deficit of the patients. With two tests of differing reliability, the test with the higher reliability will yield greater performance deficit for the less able subjects. We argue for the advisability, in studies of differential cognitive deficit, of matching tasks on reliability, shape of the distribution of scores, and mean, variance, and shape of the distribution of item difficulty, using normal subjects alone as a standardization group.
Evolution and future trends of research in cognitive radio: a contemporary survey

The cognitive radio CR paradigm for designing next-generation wireless communications systems is becoming increasingly popular, and different aspects of it are being implemented in currently available wireless systems. In the last decade, a significant amount of research efforts has been made to solve CR challenges, and several standards related to CR and dynamic spectrum access have been developed. Also, there have been advances in software-defined radio platforms to implement the CR systems. In this article, we provide a comprehensive survey on the evolution of CR research covering aspects such as spectrum sensing, measurements and statistical modeling of spectrum usage, physical layer aspects such as waveform and modulation design, multiple access, resource allocation and power control, cognitive learning, adaptation and self-configuration, multihop transmission and routing, and robustness and security in CR networks. Also, state-of-the-art research on the economics of CR networks, CR simulation tools, testbeds and hardware prototypes, CR applications, and CR standardization efforts is summarized. Emerging trends on CR research and open research challenges related to the cost-effective and large-scale deployment of CR systems are outlined. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘SPROUTING LIKE COCKLE AMONGST THE WHEAT’: THE ST BRICE'S DAY MASSACRE AND THE ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS OF HUMAN BONES FROM ST JOHN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD

The recent discovery in St John's College of a mass burial of mostly young adult males with severe perimortem blade trauma has prompted the suggestion that these may be related to the St Brice's Day Massacre in Oxford on 13th November AD 1002. Three radiocarbon determinations suggest that a date in the tenth century is more likely. We have nevertheless undertaken an isotopic study of the bone collagen (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) and dental enamel (δ 13 C, δ 18 O and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) in an attempt to answer the question 'were these individuals of Danish descent? ' Our conclusion is somewhat ambiguous, but the bone collagen suggests a diet more like other Scandinavian populations than that of local groups, and the enamel isotopes point towards a Scandinavian rather than a lowland English origin. Comparison with Oxford Archaeology's recently excavated Weymouth Ridgeway mass burial suggests, however, that the execution of a captured raiding party is more likely than the slaughter of Oxford inhabitants of Danish descent.
Supplemental material for : Stable and unstable development of an interfacial sliding instability

We are concerned with the quasi-static acceleration of slip, in which elasticity introduces instantaneous interactions between points in space. That interaction may be local or non-local and is dependent on the elastic configuration. Here we examine a configuration in which interactions are generally non-local, except, as we show, in a particular limit where they become local: inor antiplane slip near a boundary. In such circumstances, we may generally write [1]
Audit of ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections in paediatric patients, 2006–2013

Background Infection following ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement remains a significant complication with an incidence of 3–27% cited in literature. Infections cause significant morbidity, and it is important that empirical antibiotic therapy for management is guided by accurate knowledge of prevailing aetiologies and local antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Aims To establish the incidence of shunt infections in our paediatric population, to identify the causative micro-organisms, and to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of the responsible micro-organisms. Methods Retrospective data collection utilising existing databases in the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill, between 1 January 2006 and 30 September 2013. Results Total number of shunt operations was 308 with 28 episodes of infection involving 27 patients (male = 12, female = 15). The incidence of infection was 9%. In all, 79% of the episodes involved a single pathogen with 21% being mixed pathogens. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common cause of infection (44%). Gram-positive sensitivity to flucloxacillin and gentamicin was noticeably low at 22% and 14%, respectively with 87% of coagulase-negative staphylococci resistant to gentamicin and 81% resistant to flucloxacillin. Conclusions The changing spectrum of Gram-positive organisms has impacted on antibiotic sensitivity patterns, and our local prescribing policy has been adapted in order to manage shunt infections most effectively.
“Paolo Baffi” Centre on Central Banking and Financial Regulation

We use a standard quantitative business cycle model with nominal price and wage rigidities to estimate two measures of economic inefficiency in recent U.S. data: the output gap—the gap between the actual and efficient levels of output—and the labor wedge—the wedge between households’ marginal rate of substitution and firms’ marginal product of labor. We establish three results. (i) The output gap and the labor wedge are closely related, suggesting that most inefficiencies in output are due to the inefficient allocation of labor. (ii) The estimates are sensitive to the structural interpretation of shocks to the labor market, which is ambiguous in the model. (iii) Movements in hours worked are essentially exogenous, directly driven by labor market shocks, whereas wage rigidities generate a markup of the real wage over the marginal rate of substitution that is acyclical. We conclude that the model fails in two important respects: it does not give clear guidance concerning the efficiency of business cycle fluctuations, and it provides an unsatisfactory explanation of labor market and business cycle dynamics.