Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epic Consciousness: A Pertinent New Unification of an Important Concept

“Consciousness” has traditionally been the most difficult term to describe because it’s conceptualized variably and incompletely between, and even within different specialties. In this theoretical paper, we propose for the first time a detailed new “EPIC Consciousness” classification integrating four is overlapping EPIC “prongs”: Existential, Paradigmatic, Information-meaning and Cybernetic. Each necessarily comes with new terms. E: Existential “distinctions” of Consciousness are further subdivided into “extent, content and impact distinctions” a. Consciousness extent substrate: measurable ordinal Consciousness dimensions are tethered to measurable Space and Time dimensions. b. Consciousness content matrix: This Consciousness container is comparable with mass- energy containers.
Optimisation of the 2.2 liter high speed diesel engine for proposed Bharat stage 5 emission norms in India

Direct injection diesel engine combustion system offers improvements in performance and fuel economy benefits. 4 valves per cylinder, turbocharged and intercooled diesel engine became trustworthy for automobile application. Electronic diesel control, use of common rail with increase in injection pressures, and flexibility in injection control has changed the image of diesel engine. Evolutions in piston crown shape, intake ports with different swirl level helped to enhance mixing of air and fuel for better performance and emissions. In this describe the work done on 4 cylinder diesel engine, upgraded to BS5 (Bharat stage 5) emission norms with 20% power increase. A systematic approach of engine development was fallowed. Engine performance prediction was done using AVL Boost software. Boost Model was validated with existing engine cylinder pressure. Combustion parameters have been varied to predict higher power. Vehicle model has been build using AVL cruise software and used to obtain steady state load- speed points. Engine emission development has been done on engine test bench. Typical hardware like piston crown, turbocharger, EGR system with EGR cooler and various combustion parameters were tested and optimized. Suitable after-treatment system was selected optimized for precious metal loading reach Bharat stage 5 emissions.
Diet Composition of Golden Jackals in Israel

The diet of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) was studied in 2002 and 2003 in Park Britannia (ca. 4000 ha) in central Israel. The aim of the study was to understand the kinds of anthropogenic food that allow jackals to be present at a high density. The scats (396 in total) were classified by season: summer (June–September) or autumn (October–November) as well as by origin from either the southern or northern part of the study area, which experience different levels of human pressure. The main food category was ungulates (39.4% frequency of occurrence), 80% of which were domestic animals — which we assume were mostly consumed as carrion. Other common food types included fruit (31.3%), birds (30%), small mammals (23.5%) and invertebrates (21.2%), while garbage was found in only 9.1% of the scats. Biomass of the jackal diet was dominated by ungulates (67.3%), with domestic ungulates consumed mostly as carrion, comprising 84% of the total. Jackal diet did not differ by season or level of human pressure. However, there was remarkable micro-scale variability in food composition as the summer jackal diet differed significantly among the dens. Our results suggest that the high availability of domestic animal carcasses due to the local carrion disposal system may be responsible for the present jackal density in Israel.
Effect of meloxicam and meloxicam with misoprostol on serum prostaglandins and gastrointestinal permeability in healthy beagle dogs.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of meloxicam and meloxicam with misoprostol on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) serum concentration, as well as on gastrointestinal permeability. NSAIDs, such as meloxicam, have gastrointestinal side effects, which are due to prostaglandins depletion and topical damage. Seven adult beagle dogs were included in the study. Three different 20 days long treatments were carried out (placebo, meloxicam and meloxicam with misoprostol). The same seven dogs participated in all three treatments. On days 1 to 10 the dogs received placebo, meloxicam or meloxicam together with misoprostol PO. Dogs were than monitored from day 11 to 20. Samples for serum PGE2 and PGI2 concentration and plasma lactulose, mannitol and sucrose concentration determination were drawn on day 0, 2, 6, 11 and 20. Lactulose/mannitol (L/M) index was calculated. Treatment with meloxicam and meloxicam with misoprostol resulted in lower PGE2 and PGI2 serum concentrations in comparison to the placebo. L/M index and sucrose plasma concentration were increased in both groups in comparison to the placebo. According to the results of the study, meloxicam has altered gastrointestinal permeability and depleted prostaglandins production. Misoprostol was shown to be an effective preventing treatment.
Impact of particle shape on the morphology of noctilucent clouds

Noctilucent clouds (NLCs) occur during summer in the polar region at altitudes around 83 km. They consist of ice particles with a typical size around 50 nm. The shape of NLC particles is less well known but is important both for interpreting optical measurements and modeling ice cloud characteristics. In this paper, NLC modeling of microphysics and optics is adapted to use cylindrical instead of spheri- cal particle shape. The optical properties of the resulting ice clouds are compared directly to NLC three-color measure- ments by the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmo- sphere Research (ALOMAR) Rayleigh/Mie/Raman (RMR) lidar between 1998 and 2014. Shape distributions including both needle- and disc-shaped particles are consistent with li- dar measurements. The best agreement occurs if disc shapes are 60 % more common than needles, with a mean axis ra- tio of 2.8. Cylindrical particles cause stronger ice clouds on average than spherical shapes with an increase of backscat- ter at 532 nm by 30 % and about 20 % in ice mass den- sity. This difference is less pronounced for bright than for weak ice clouds. Cylindrical shapes also cause NLCs to have larger but a smaller number of ice particles than for spherical shapes.
Microvascular reactions of normal and osteoporotic bones in response to surgical interventions

relating to the subject of the thesis I. Greksa F. , Szabó A. , Wellinger K. , Sohár G. , Boros M. , Tóth K. The effects of endomedullar implants on the periosteal vessel structures of the rat tibia. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2009; 17:(S1) S93
Comparing orders, rankings, queues, tournaments and lists

We study measures on orders that are based on the swaps needed to convert one order into the other. Two classes of of such measures are characterized. In one class, the necessary swaps between orders are weighted by their positions in the orders. In the other class, these swaps are weighted by the alternatives involved in these swaps. The results are realized by means of the betweenness condition and several other natural or well-known derivates. As the axioms are formulated on abstract domains of orders, they apply to all well-known sets of orderings. Asa by-product we also show some logical dependencies in the well established characterization result of Kemeny 1959.
Neural Correlates of Trustworthiness Evaluations in Cross-Cultural Interactions

Supervising Professor: Daniel C. Krawczyk, PhD Studies researching the neural correlates of implicit appearance-based trust evaluations have implicated a number of brain regions, including the amygdala, prefrontal cortices, posterior superior temporal sulcus and the fusiform gyrus. In cross-cultural studies of explicit trust judgments, the anterior cingulate cortex has been implicated, and in cross-cultural studies of emotion recognition, the cuneus has been implicated. In this study, I applied multivariate pattern analysis using a linear discriminator to demonstrate that the neural activation patterns in these regions in response to passively viewing videos of trustworthy and untrustworthy-appearing East Asian and Caucasian men are dissociable. I show that the dissociation of brain patterns in response to trustworthy and untrustworthy stimuli is not dependent upon magnitudes of activation, and it is similar for both East Asian and Caucasian participants.
Country Size and Corporate Tax Rate: Rationale and Empirics

This paper investigates whether the differences in corporate tax rates set by countries can be explained, in part, by the size of national home markets. We set up a simple model in which multinational firms within an industry choose where to invest, given the levels of corporation tax rates in each location. This model yields predictions with respect to the influences of the relative size of countries on the differences in corporate tax rates that should arise in equilibrium. We then test these predictions using data from 27 European Union member-states for the period 1981-2005. Consistent with our model, we find that large countries set higher corporate tax rates than their smaller competitors for FDI. Our rationale for the existence of this effect, the market access, withstands the test of alternative explanations.
The effects of flow disturbance by an oceanic island

We present CTD and ADCP surveys around the Indian Ocean coral atolls of Aldabra (46°20'E, 9°25/S) and Cosmoledo (47°30E, 9°45'S) during April-July 1987. These isolated, steep-sided islands situated in deep (4000 m) water in the South Equatorial Current provide examples of flow disturbance which are compared to laboratory studies of eddy generation by a circular cylinder in a channel. For sufficiently strong and steady flows, a doming of the isopycnals is observed in the lee of the islands. The sea-surface temperature decreases and the salinity increases as cool, saline water is mixed from below. Just as in the case of islands in tidally dominated shelf seas, we observe an increase in the chlorophyll content of the water behind the island, indicative of enhanced phytoplankton productivity caused by the flow disturbance. This anomalous region may be associated with an eddy trapped downstream of the island. The incident flows were not strong enough to generate a vortex street of eddies spun off in a wake. When the incident flows are weak and fluctuating, no evidence for eddies is seen; and there is no doming of the isopycnals leading to low sea-surface temperature and high chlorophyll content.
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering SOLID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM OF TRIOLEIN WITH FATTY ALCOHOLS

Triacylglycerols and fatty alcohols are used in the formulation of cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food products. Although information about the phase transitions of these compounds and their mixtures is frequently required for design and optimization of processes and product formulation involving these substances, these data are still scarce in the literature. In the present study, the solid-liquid phase diagrams of two binary systems composed of triolein + 1-hexadecanol and triolein + 1-octadecanol were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy. The experimental data were compared with predicted data by solving the phase equilibrium equations using an algorithm implemented in MATLAB. The liquid-phase activity coefficients were calculated using the Margules equation (twoand three-suffix) and the UNIFAC model (original and modified Dortmund model). The approaches used for calculating system equilibrium allowed an accurate prediction of the liquidus line with low deviations from the experimental data.
Engineering light emission of two-dimensional materials in both the weak and strong coupling regimes

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) materials have promising applications in optoelectronics, photonics, and quantum technologies. However, their intrinsically low light absorption limits their performance, and potential devices must be accurately engineered for optimal operation. Here, we apply a transfer matrix-based source-term method to optimize light absorption and emission in 2D materials and related devices in weak and strong coupling regimes. The implemented analytical model accurately accounts for experimental results reported for representative 2D materials such as graphene and MoS2. The model has been extended to propose structures to optimize light emission by exciton recombination in MoS2 single layers, light extraction from arbitrarily oriented dipole monolayers, and single-photon emission in 2D materials. Also, it has been successfully applied to retrieve exciton-cavity interaction parameters from MoS2 microcavity experiments. The present model appears as a powerful and versatile tool for the design of new optoelectronic devices based on 2D semiconductors such as quantum light sources and polariton lasers.
The Changing Distribution of Farms by Size: A Markov Analysis

Farm numbers and average farm size in the United States have held about constant since the 1974 Census. but the proportion of mid-sized farms has decreased This pattern follows four decades of a strong trend toward fewer and larger farms Markov analysis IS a standard procedure for projecting changes In the number and distribution of firms In an Industry based on observations of recent changes Previous applications to the US farm sector have met With difficulty because of a lack of appropriate data This article applies Markov analysis to a recently available longitudinal data set for 1974-78 from the Census of Agriculture The model predicts reasonably well the actual changes during 1978-82 and indicates that the future distribution of farms by acres per farm will be more like the present than the present is like the past
On Threshold Eigenvalues and Resonances for the Linearized NLS Equation

We prove the instability of threshold resonances and eigenvalues of the linearized NLS operator. We compute the asymptotic approximations of the eigenvalues appearing from the endpoint singularities in terms of the perturbations applied to the original NLS equation. Our method involves such techniques as the Birman-Schwinger principle and the Feshbach map.
Microbial Characterization of Groundwater Undergoing Treatment with a Permeable Reactive Iron Barrier

Phylogenetic analyses of micro-organisms in groundwater samples from within and around a zero-valent iron (ZVI) permeable reactive barrier (PRB) identified several bacteria that could utilize H2 produced during anaerobic ZVI corrosion and residual guar biopolymer used during PRB installation. Some of these bacteria are likely contributing to the removal of some groundwater constituents (i.e., sulfate). Bacteria concentrations increased from � 10 1 cells mL � 1 at 2 m upgradient to � 10 2 cells mL � 1 within the PRB and � 10 4 cells mL � 1 at 2 to 6 m downgradient. This trend possibly reflects increased substrate availability through the PRB, although a corrosion-induced increase in pH beyond optimum levels within the iron layer (from pH 7 to 9.8) may have limited microbial colonization. Micro-organisms that were detected using quantitative PCR include (iron reducing) Geobacter sp. (putative methanogenic) Archaea, and (sulfate reducing) � -proteobacteria such as Desulfuromonadales sp. Sequencing of DGGE bands also revealed the presence of uncultured dissimilatory metal reducers and Clostridia sp. , which was dominant in a sample collected within the ZVI-PRB. These results suggest that indigenous microbial communities are likely to experience population shifts when ZVI-PRBs are installed to exploit several metabolic niches that evolve when ZVI corrodes. Whether such population shifts enhance ZVI-PRB performance requires further investigation.
School Choice and Self-Efficacy

This study explores school choice policy and its relationship to student feelings of self-efficacy. Bandura’s (1999) Social Cognitive Theory is used to conceptualize the research question. School choice is the predominant model in which many families find themselves embedded as their student approaches schooling. Given this context, families/students that make a conscious choice about where to attend school tend to have positive academic outcomes. A sample of 36 students from a mid-sized, private university in St. Paul, Minnesota was surveyed about whether or not they chose their high school, how they felt about the school they attended, and then assessed their feelings of self-efficacy using the New General Self-Efficacy Scale (Chen, Gully & Eden, 2001). The survey also explored demographic factors that tend to be related to high feelings of self-efficacy and/or better academic outcomes. Results of a t-test on the self-efficacy scale revealed no significant difference between the mean self-efficacy scores of school choosers versus non-choosers. A significant difference was found between school choosers and non-choosers on their perceptions about the quality of the school they attended. Further research is recommended to explore how school perception may affect individual feelings of self-efficacy with a larger, more diverse sample. The social justice of school choice policy is questioned, as it relates to providing equal access to the perception of a good education. Recommendations are made for school and community social workers to empower students by boosting their self-efficacy through mastery experiences, and social modeling reflective of their own communities. Further, suggestions are made to challenge negative school perception on the micro, mezzo and
Crustal structure and deformation beneath the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau constrained by teleseismic receiver function data

Qiong Wang,1,2,3 Fenglin Niu,3,4 Yuan Gao2 and Yuntai Chen1 1Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China 2Institute of Earthquake Science, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China, E-mail: gaoyuan@seis.ac. cn 3Department of Earth Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA 4State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting, and Unconventional Natural Gas Institute, China University of Petroleum at Beijing, Beijing, China
Equilibria in markets with non-convexities and a solution to the missing money phenomenon in energy markets

In this paper we address the issue of finding efficient partial equilibria in markets with non-convexities. This is a problem that has intrigued generation of economists. Beside its theoretical importance this issue is fundamental in energy markets which do not give the right price signals and incentives to maintain existing and invest in new generating capacity. By considering a competitive environment in which consumers maximize utility independently of other agents actions while suppliers are profit maximizers given other market agents actions, we are able to find efficient prices in markets with non-convexities. Based on this result we propose a design for an energy-only market able to give investors the correct price signals.
Effect of Specimen Size on the Tensile Strength Behavior of the Plastic Waste Fiber Reinforced Soil – Lime – Rice Husk Ash Mixtures

Improvement of tensile strength in fiber reinforced soil is an important research topic. A study has been undertaken to investigate the strength of stabilized clay-soil reinforced with randomly distributed discrete plastic waste fibers by carrying out split tensile strength test. In this study, the clay soil was stabilized with lime and rice husk ash mixtures. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of specimen size to the tensile strength behavior. Testing procedure was formulated using extended ASTM C496 standard. The laboratory investigation results showed that split-tensile strength of reinforced specimens increased with increase in size. The limitations of the dataset indicate that specimen size of 70 mm in diameter is the threshold to produce reasonable representative strengths.
Haematological and serum electrolyte responses in goats undergoing tibial fracture reduction

Haematologic, biochemical, electrolyte and acid base values were determined in twelve goats prior to (baseline) tibia surgery, during surgery (at 45 min) and subsequently at 24 h and 72 h post operatively. The haematocrit, haemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, blood glucose, sodium, potassium, chlorine, total carbon diaoxide (TCO 2 ), anion gap, base excess, pH, partial carbon diaoxide (PaCO 2 ) concentration and bicarbonate concentrations in the samples were obtained using the i-STAT EC8+ handheld biosensor analyzer. The osmolarity of the blood was also estimated. To investigate changes in the variables during and after fracture fixation, the control (baseline) values of the data were compared with the mean variables obtained per time point during and after surgery using ANOVA. The haematocrit, haemoglobin, blood glucose, osmolarity, anion gap, chlorine, sodium and potassium concentrations were significantly lower (p<0.05) than control values during surgery and at 24 and 72 h post-surgery. Blood urea nitrogen, base excess, pH, PaCO 2 TCO 2 and bicarbonate concentration (HCO 3 -) increased significantly (p<0.05) above control values at 24 and 72 h post-surgery. The results obtained from this study showed that tibia surgery led to alteration in fluid, electrolyte and acid base status of goats. Most importantly, metabolic alkalosis ensued post tibia fracture creation and fixation. Keywords: Haematolgy, Electrolytes, Acid-base, Tibia, Fracture, Surgery
Trade Imbalances and Wage Inequality

We argue that the large and growing North-South trade imbalances arisen over the last three decades may have exacerbated wage inequality worldwide. In particular, we show that in a standard Heckscher-Ohlin setup with a continuum of goods, a Southern trade surplus is associated with higher skill premia in both the North and the South. Conversely, a Northern trade surplus leads to lower skill premia worldwide. To test these predictions, we extend the methodology proposed by Chun Zhu and Trefler (2005) by computing how a change in trade surpluses/deficits impacts on each country's average skill-intensity of manufacturing exports. Using a large panel of more than 100 countries observed for more than 30 years, we find strong and robust evidence that an increase in the trade surplus by a skill-poor (skill-rich) country is associated with an increase (reduction) in the skill-intensity of exports. Our results also suggest that the impact of trade imbalances on the skill composition of exports is quantitatively larger than that of other likely determinants emphasized by the trade literature, such as trade liberalization, endowment changes, offshoring or Southern catch-up.
ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COMPONENTS OF BOOK-TAX DIFFERENCES AND ANNUAL VARIATIONS IN EARNINGS AND TAX EXPENSES OF FIRMS LISTED ON THE BMF

The objective of this article is to analyze if there is a relationship between the components of temporary and permanent book-tax differences with the annual variations of earnings before income tax, and the possible influence of earnings management on these relations. The study is based on a sample of 130 companies on BMF&Bovespa. The results demonstrate there is no influence of earnings management on the relationship of BTDs with annual variations in EBIT. However, the signs of the variables in the models indicate a negative relation between temporary BTDs with variation in EBIT and a positive relation between permanent BTDs.
Representing Sums of Finite Products of Chebyshev Polynomials of the First Kind and Lucas Polynomials by Chebyshev Polynomials

In this paper, we study sums of finite products of Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind and Lucas polynomials and represent each of them in terms of Chebyshev polynomials of all kinds. Here, the coefficients involve terminating hypergeometric functions 2F1 and these representations are obtained by explicit computations.