Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic and antigenic evolution profiles of G1 rotaviruses in córdoba, Argentina, during a 27‐year period (1980–2006)

Rotavirus G1 strains represent the most common genotype that causes diarrhea in humans and has been incorporated into both, monovalent and multivalent, rotavirus licensed vaccines. The aim of this study was to determine the evolution profile of G1 rotaviruses in Córdoba, Argentina, over a 27‐year period (1980–2006). Intragenotype diversity, represented by lineages within rotavirus circulating strains, was observed. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7‐gene of G1 rotavirus clinical strains showed the circulation of G1 lineage IV and V strains in the 1980s, and co‐circulation of lineage I and II strains in the 1990s and 2000–2006. The distribution of G1 in lineages could be linked to multiple nucleotide substitutions distributed across lineages that did not correlate with the emergence of G1 antigenic variants. Moreover, temporal lineage distribution was not linked to significant changes in G1 prevalence. Therefore, the continuous and dominant circulation of G1 over time could not be related to the emergence of antigenic variants in the community. Continuous rotavirus surveillance is necessary to understand rotavirus evolution and to measure how genetic and antigenic changes might affect the effectiveness of vaccines in the future. J. Med. Virol. 85:363–369, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Persistence of glucose residues on core oligosaccharides prevents association of TCR alpha and TCR beta proteins with calnexin and results specifically in accelerated degradation of nascent TCR alpha proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum.

The alpha beta T‐cell antigen receptor (TCR) is a multisubunit transmembrane complex composed of at least six different proteins (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta) that are assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this report we have examined the role of oligosaccharide processing on survival and assembly of nascent TCR proteins within the ER and their associations with molecular chaperone proteins important in TCR assembly. We found that treatment of BW5147 T cells with the glucosidase inhibitor castanospermine resulted in markedly accelerated degradation of nascent TCR alpha proteins with a half‐life of approximately 20 min. Accelerated degradation was unique to TCR alpha proteins, as the stability of nascent TCR beta and CD3 gamma,epsilon chains was unaltered. Consistent with a requirement for glucose (Glc) trimming for survival of nascent TCR alpha proteins within the ER, we found that newly synthesized TCR alpha chains were innately unstable in the glucosidase II‐deficient BW5147 mutant cell line PHAR2.7. In addition to destabilizing nascent TCR alpha proteins we found that persistence of Glc residues on core oligosaccharides markedly interfered with association of both TCR alpha and TCR beta glycoproteins with the molecular chaperone calnexin. Finally, using 2B4 T hybridoma cells in which TCR complexes are efficiently assembled, we found that rapid degradation of nascent TCR alpha proteins induced by impaired Glc trimming severely limits assembly of TCR alpha proteins with TCR beta proteins. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collaborative entrepreneurship for sustainability. Creating solutions in light of the UN sustainable development goals

Sustainable entrepreneurship is seen as a promising approach aiming to solve complex social, environmental, and economic problems with innovative solutions. Whilst the concept of collaboration provides an important conceptual overlap between the entrepreneurship and sustainability literatures, it has so far received little attention in sustainable entrepreneurship research. The purpose of this article is to explore links between collaborative entrepreneurship and sustainable development. Sustainability challenges increase the importance for entrepreneurial collaboration in three ways: first, for cross-actor participation within entrepreneurial processes; second, for coordinating across sustainability issues and between entrepreneurial solutions; and third, for cross-sector cooperation between different forms of entrepreneurship such as social entrepreneurship, sustainable entrepreneurship, and policy entrepreneurship. We show how understanding this link between collaborative entrepreneurship and sustainable development sheds new light on both entrepreneurship theory and practice as well as sustainability research.
The Role of Dendritic Cells, B Cells, and M Cells in Gut-Oriented Immune Responses

Although induction of T cell responses to fed Ag (oral tolerance) is thought to happen within the organized lymphoid tissue of the gut, we found that mice lacking Peyer’s patches, B cells, and the specialized Ag-handling M cells had no defect in the induction of T cell responses to fed Ag, whether assayed in vitro by T cell proliferation or cytokine production, or in vivo by delayed-type hypersensitivity or bystander suppression against mycobacterial Ags in CFA. Feeding of Ag had a major influence on dendritic cells from fed wild-type or μMT mice, such that these APCs were able to elicit a different class of response from naive T cells in vitro. These results suggest that systemic immune responses to soluble oral Ags do not require an organized gut-associated lymphoid tissue but are most likely induced by gut-conditioned dendritic cells that function both to initiate the gut-oriented response and to impart the characteristic features that discriminate it from responses induced parenterally.
Comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and rigid rectoscopy in the preoperative identification of intra‐ and extraperitoneal rectal cancer

Accurate preoperative discrimination between extra‐ and intraperitoneal rectal cancer has important treatment implications. Our main objective was to compare the diagnostic performance of MRI with rigid rectoscopy (RRS) in assessing the location of rectal cancers above or below the peritoneal reflection (PR), using the findings obtained during abdominal surgery for treatment of the cancer as the reference standard. We also compared the accuracy of MRI and RRS in assessing the level of the lower border of the tumour from the anal verge.
Implementing light field image refocusing algorithm

The light field imaging produces the information on the direction of light ray, therefore the refocusing of the raw image shot with the light field camera can acquire high-resolution images of objects at different distances. This paper presents the light field image refocusing principles, rearranges raw images, transforms virtual image planes and integrates light rays, thus obtaining ideal refocused images. Then it implements frequency domain refocusing and space domain refocusing and applies the Fourier slicing theorem to implementing the frequency domain refocusing algorithm and uses the fast Fourier transform to enhance its efficiency. Through experiments, it compares the computational efficiency of the space domain refocusing algorithm and the frequency domain refocusing algorithm. It concludes that the latter has a higher computational efficiency.
Vocal turn-taking in a non-human primate is learned during ontogeny

Conversational turn-taking is an integral part of language development, as it reflects a confluence of social factors that mitigate communication. Humans coordinate the timing of speech based on the behaviour of another speaker, a behaviour that is learned during infancy. While adults in several primate species engage in vocal turn-taking, the degree to which similar learning processes underlie its development in these non-human species or are unique to language is not clear. We recorded the natural vocal interactions of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) occurring with both their sibling twins and parents over the first year of life and observed at least two parallels with language development. First, marmoset turn-taking is a learned vocal behaviour. Second, marmoset parents potentially played a direct role in guiding the development of turn-taking by providing feedback to their offspring when errors occurred during vocal interactions similarly to what has been observed in humans. Though species-differences are also evident, these findings suggest that similar learning mechanisms may be implemented in the ontogeny of vocal turn-taking across our Order, a finding that has important implications for our understanding of language evolution.
Compliance and acceptance in antidepressant treatment

Poor compliance with antidepressant medication is widespread in both primary care and psychiatric practice, and is a major obstacle to the effective management of depression. It is often believed that adverse events and a lack of efficacy associated with inappropriate prescribing of older antidepressants are common reasons why patients discontinue treatment prematurely. However, appropriate prescribing of effective and well-tolerated antidepressants does not necessarily guarantee compliance. A patient's core beliefs and attitudes to treatment also influence the chances of successful management, and studies have shown that patients harbour many unfounded beliefs relating to antidepressant medications and their use. The prescribing physician is therefore duty bound not only to ensure that they chose an effective antidepressant with minimal side-effects and prescribe it according to treatment guidelines, but that they actively explore the patient's beliefs and attitudes at the time of treatment. Addressing common misconceptions about antidepressant medications, and undertaking a structured follow-up, have been shown both to enhance compliance and improve treatment outcomes. The choice of newer, more selective antidepressants results in a higher number of patients achieving at least one month of treatment. The choice of a drug with a once-daily treatment regimen (drugs with a longer half-life) and with a low risk for discontinuation symptoms if doses are occasionally missed is also warranted. ( Int J Psych Clin Pract 2001; 5 (Suppl 1): S29-S35)
Estimating the Probability of Cancer with Several Tumor Markers in Patients with Colorectal Disease

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare serum tumor markers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 19-9, CA 242, CA 72-4 and hCGβ, and their value in the diagnosis of malignant colorectal disease. Methods: The serum concentrations of the markers were measured in 204 patients with colorectal cancer and in 104 inpatients with benign colorectal disease. The combined use of the markers was evaluated with a logistic regression analysis. Results: When all five markers were evaluated in the same model, only CEA and CA 72-4 provided significant diagnostic information (p < 0.001), indicating that their combination improves the accuracy. The probability of cancer for each patient was calculated entering CEA and CA 72-4 in the logistic regression model. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were constructed, and the difference in the area under the curve (AUC) values was determined between the markers and the calculated probability of cancer. Of the individual markers, the highest AUC was observed for CEA (AUC = 0.746). The difference in the AUC between CEA and CA 72-4 (AUC = 0.716) was insignificant (p = 0.492), but between CEA and the other three markers it was significant (p < 0.015). The calculated probability of cancer index, based on a combination of CEA and CA 72-4, had a significantly higher AUC (AUC = 0.804) than CEA alone (AUC = 0.746; p = 0.046). Conclusions: The diagnostic value of CA 72-4 was additive to that of CEA in colorectal cancer, and both markers contributed with significant diagnostic information. As a diagnostic test, the probability of cancer calculated with logistic regression provided higher accuracy than any of the markers alone, implying that it might be a useful diagnostic tool.
The Feasibility of Communication Among Pumps in a District Heating System

The problem tackled is selecting a viable method for communication among pumps in a district heating system. This system is viewed as a metropolitan wireless sensor network, the nodes of which are confined underground and physically connected by pipes. In a further horizon, providing sophisticated control systems for similar urban utilities motivates this research problem. Here we have reported the results of investigating several potential methods for realizing the idea of “the talking pumps” in a district heating system. This includes a diverse list of key references, simulations for some methods and experimental results for some others, followed by selection of the most appropriate option. The methods considered used (1) acoustic waves through water and pipelines; (2) power-line communications; (3) the electrical conductivity of pipes; (4) cell-phone infrastructure; (5) free and guided radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic (EM) waves; and (5) free and guided very low frequency (VLF) electric and magnetic fields, also known as magnetic induction. The viability of the latter method was verified by simulations and primitive experimental results.
Protective role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase

Nitric oxide is a versatile molecule, with its actions ranging from haemodynamic regulation to anti‐proliferative effects on vascular smooth muscle cells. Nitric oxide is produced by the nitric oxide synthases, endothelial NOS (eNOS), neural NOS (nNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS). Constitutively expressed eNOS produces low concentrations of NO, which is necessary for a good endothelial function and integrity. Endothelial derived NO is often seen as a protective agent in a variety of diseases.
The contributions of sex and drinking history to the CT brain scan changes in alcoholics

Synopsis Consecutive series of male and female alcoholics, Alcoholic Anonymous (AA) members and controls were examined by interview and with a CT brain scan. Male controls were shown to have larger CT brain parameters than healthy females of the same age. Female alcoholics revealed equivalent CT scan abnormalities, apart from less sulcal widening, after a markedly shorter drinking history and at a lower estimated peak alcohol consumption than male alcoholics. The CT scan findings persisted after accounting for body weight and after matching for age and length of drinking history. The CT scan parameters of female AA members approached control values more completely and after briefer abstinence than did those of male AA members. Methodological problems and sex differences in selection and other processes are discussed. The findings are consistent with sex differences in the vulnerability of the brain to alcohol toxicity, and in its recovery with abstinence.
Does collaboration with public and private sector actors in public procurement of innovations improve SME competitiveness

The merits of public procurement of innovations (PPI) as a demand-side innovation policy instrument have been identified in both political and academic discussion. In particular, the involvement of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in PPI could be a valuable tool in promoting SME innovations. As such, PPI could play an important role in the entrepreneurial ecosystem in which interdependent actors collaborate. However, the impact of collaboration among entrepreneurial ecosystem actors in the context of PPI on SMEsâ€™ competitiveness lacks empirical assessment. This chapter addresses this gap in the literature with a survey of Finnish SMEs. We propose a construct for SMEsâ€™ improved competitiveness which can be attributed to involvement in public procurement. A statistical analysis applying a path model suggests that after controlling for firm size and age, innovativeness and industry, collaborating with the public sector customer in developing new products/services, improving production processes and making improvements to existing products/services in response to the public sector customerâ€™s demand is associated with improved competitiveness. As a managerial implication, the results suggest that PPI has merits in promoting the competitiveness of SMEs through innovations.
Simian immunodeficiency virus infection of CD8+ lymphocytes in vivo

To determine the lymphoid target cells of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in vivo, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) were positively selected (>97% purity) for surface expression of CD4, CD8, or CD20 and then analyzed for SIV provirus using semiquantitative DNA amplification. We found provirus in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes but none in CD20+ lymphocytes. During acute SIV infection (< or = 214 days postinoculation), the percentage of PBL and LNL CD4+ cells containing proviral DNA ranged from 0.2 to 20% and from 0.2 to 2%, respectively. Proviral burden in the CD8+ population of either PBL or LNL ranged from 0.01 to 0.2%. Virus isolation by cocultivation was positive for both CD4+ and CD8+ purified populations. No difference in proviral burden was observed between PBL and LNL subsets during acute SIV infection. Up to 19.4% of positively selected CD8+ cells also expressed CD4, and thus the provirus may reside within a dual-positive population. This dual-positive population may represent activated lymphocytes that are particularly susceptible to infection and may provide an opportunity for virus entry into the CD8+ CD4- lymphocytes in vivo.
Reliability and validity of the capabilities of upper extremity test (CUE-T) in subjects with chronic spinal cord injury

Abstract Objective To determine the reliability and validity of the capabilities of upper extremity test (CUE-T), a measure of functional limitations, in patients with chronic tetraplegia. Design Repeated measures. Setting Outpatient rehabilitation center. Participants Fifty subjects (36 male/14 female) with spinal cord injury (SCI) of ≥1-year duration participated. Subjects were 17–81 years old (mean 48.1 ± 18.2); neurological levels ranged from C2 through T6, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grades A–D. Interventions Not applicable. Outcome measures Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), weighted kappa and repeatability values for CUE-T; Spearman correlations of CUE-T with upper extremity motor scores (UEMS), and self-care and mobility portions of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure, vIII (SCIM III). Results Score ranges for UEMS were 8–50, CUE-T 7–135, self-care SCIM 0–20, and mobility SCIM 0–40. The ICC values for total, right, and left side scores were excellent (0.97–0.98; 95% confidence interval 0.96–0.99). Item weighted kappa values were ≥0.60 for all but five items, four of which were right and left pronation and supination. Repeatability of total score was 10.8 points, right and left sides 6.3 and 6.1 points. Spearman correlations of the total CUE-T with the UEMS and SCIM self-care and mobility scores were 0.83, 0.70, and 0.55 respectively. Conclusions The CUE-T displays excellent test–retest reliability, and good–excellent correlation with impairment and capacity measures in persons with chronic SCI. After revising pronation and supination test procedures, the sensitivity to change should be determined.
Leaf proteome analysis of eight Populus ×euramericana genotypes: Genetic variation in drought response and in water‐use efficiency involves photosynthesis‐related proteins

Genetic variation of leaf proteome in drought response was investigated among eight Populus ×euramericana genotypes contrasting for their leaf carbon isotope discrimination (Δ), an estimate of intrinsic water‐use efficiency. Plants were grown in open field on two similar plots. Drought was induced by an 86‐day irrigation cessation on one plot, whereas a second plot remained regularly irrigated. Using 2‐DE, 863 reproducible spots were detected; about 60% presented at least one significant effect i.e. treatment, genotype and/or genotype by treatment interaction effect. A significant genotype by treatment interaction was detected for 62 reliably identified proteins among which, about 65% consisted in chloroplast‐associated proteins either involved in the Calvin cycle or in the electron‐transport chains. The other proteins were involved in oxidative stress, amino acid or protein metabolisms. Correlations between protein abundance and Δ variations were found for 45 reliably identified proteins. The abundance of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase isoforms scaled negatively with Δ regardless of the treatment, suggesting that a large intrinsic water‐use efficiency could be due to higher abundance of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase. Under control condition, abundance of enzymes involved in carbon fixation was also negatively correlated with Δ, whereas abundance of enzymes involved in photorespiration or respiration was positively correlated with Δ.
Network embeddedness in the internationalization of biotechnology entrepreneurs

Abstract This study investigates how entrepreneurs of biotech enterprises embed in domestic and international networks so as to internationalize. We advance a contextual framework of embeddedness of internationalizing entrepreneurs, providing a contribution (i) by synthesizing and applying existing conceptual insights from the networking literature to provide a more culturally sensitive view of getting embedded for international entrepreneurship in the biotech industry and (ii) by adding insights into the practices and (micro)processes of how and in what ways embeddedness integrates with the internationalization of biotech entrepreneurs. Our study involves six entrepreneurs from Canada, Finland, and New Zealand. Context-specific embeddedness was studied by exploring the (i) type, (ii) strength, (iii) locality, and (iv) importance of the international and national network ties among internationalizing entrepreneurs. We found differences in relation to the locality of universities and research institutes, role and type of financiers, and customer focus in internationalization. For instance, while customers were central to the embeddedness of Canadian and New Zealand entrepreneurs, Finnish entrepreneurs had no focus on their customers, but acted solely through sales channels and partners. The customer focus of New Zealand entrepreneurs was mainly international, whereas it was domestic in the case of Canadian entrepreneurs.
Do Gender and Age Impact the Time‐Varying Okun's Law? Evidence from South Korea

This study investigates the time&#8208;varying Okun's law for different age and gender cohorts in South Korea over the 1980&#8211;2014 period. We found that the absolute value of the estimated Okun coefficients for all age cohorts and both genders become larger in a recession than in an expansion. We also found that the youth cohort (15&#8211;24 years old) for both genders is more sensitive to a negative economic impact than are older cohorts. These differences imply that when policymakers try to find a way of reducing the unemployment rate, they should consider differences in behaviour among these groups. Furthermore, the policies should be combined with age&#8208;specific policies.