Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study on Bacterial and Fungal Causes of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows

A total of 120 random samples of milk were collected from dairy cows in some examined dairy farms located at different centers of Damietta governorate. California Mastitis Test (CMT), bacteriological and mycological examination were carried out for detection of positive cases of subclinical mastitis. The obtained results revealed that the most bacterial isolates were Staph. aureus, Escherichia coli, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Streptococcus uberis, Corynebcterium bovis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with prevalence rate of 40%, 30%, 10%, 8.3%, 3.3% and 1.7%, respectively. While, the most frequently mycotic isolate was Candidia albicans with an incidence of 11.7%. Also, the obtained results revealed mixed infection of Staph. aureus and C. albicans in 4 samples and mixed infection of E. coli and C. albicans in 2 samples of cow's milk having subclinical mastitis. None of Staph. aureus strains which isolated from mastitic milk samples produce enterotoxins A, B, C, D or E. In Vitro, antimicrobial suceptiblity test of the bacterial isolates revealed that the most effective antibiotics were Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Cefataxime and Amoxycillin/Clavulanic acid. While, all bacterial isolates except E. coli were resistant to Cephalexin and Streptomycin. Also, all bacterial isolates except Strept. uberis were resistant to Erythromycin. The most effective antimycotic against Candida albicans was Fluconazole. The obtained results, conclusion, recommendation and preventive measures of subclinical mastitis were discussed.
Germ cell tumor: differentiation of viable tumor, mature teratoma, and necrotic tissue with FDG PET and kinetic modeling.

PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) in patients with germ cell tumor (GCT) to monitor treatment and differentiate residual masses after chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six FDG PET studies were performed in 21 patients with GCT, FDG uptake of tumors was interpreted visually, and the lean standardized uptake value (SUVlean) was determined. Tumor kinetic rate constants (K1, k2, k3) and net rate of FDG phosphorylation (K = [K1.k3]/[k2 + k3]) in tumors were calculated from the dynamic data by means of a three-compartment model, assuming k4 = 0. RESULTS Viable tumors (n = 10) showed intense FDG uptake and could easily be differentiated visually from mature teratoma (n = 6) and necrosis or scar (n = 10). The SUVlean of residual viable tumors (4.51 +/- 1.34 [mean +/- SD]) was higher than that of mature teratoma (1.38 +/- 0.71) and necrosis or scar (1.05 +/- 0.29) (P < .05). Although neither the visual interpretation nor SUVlean differentiated mature teratoma from necrosis or scar, there were statistically significant differences in the kinetic rate constants K1 and K between mature teratoma and necrosis or scar as follows: K1, 0.113 mL/min/g +/- 0.026 versus 0.036 mL/min/g +/- 0.005 (P < .05); K, 0.005 mL/min/g +/- 0.003 versus 0.0008 mL/min/g +/- 0.0001 (P < .05). CONCLUSION FDG PET with kinetic analysis appears to be a promising method for management of disease in patients with GCT after treatment.
Consistently inconsistent: the role of certainty, acceptability and scale in automobile choice

The way in which respondents behave in stated preference experiments is of interest to many practitioners in the field of choice modelling. This paper draws together three increasingly prevalent concepts in the literature; the role of scale; choice certainty calibration as a method for reducing hypothetical bias; and the acceptability of alternatives as a method for better representing respondent choice behaviour. Using a scaled multinomial logit model to focus on the role of scale, it is found that the amount of idiosyncratic error in the context of automobile choice is significant. Choice task certainty is found to be a function of several respondent characteristics and can be used to decompose scale. In doing so, it is found that for choice tasks where there is less certainty about the choices made, the scale parameter is lower and hence these choices are more stochastic, particularly in the case of reduced alternatives. In comparing different approaches to incorporating certainty, it is found that parameter estimates differ substantially depending on what method is employed. The implications of a lack of a theoretical framework with respect to choice certainty are discussed, as are the implications of removing unacceptable alternatives from the modelling process.
Additive and nonadditive genetic variance in female fertility of Holsteins.

Additive and nonadditive genetic variances were estimated for cow fertility of Holsteins. Measures of fertility were first lactation days open and service period as recorded and with upper bounds of 150 and 91 d, respectively. Six million inseminations from the Raleigh, North Carolina Processing Center were used to form fertility records of 379,009 cows. Data were analyzed with a model accounting for all additive, dominance, and additive by additive covariances traced through sires and maternal grandsires. Variance components were estimated by the tilde-hat approximation to REML. Heritability in the narrow sense was 2% for days open and . 8% for service period. Dominance and additive by additive variance as a percentage of phenotypic variation strongly depended on imposition of upper bounds. Heritabilities in the broad sense ranged from 2.2 to 6.6% and were at least twice as large as heritabilities in the narrow sense. Effect of 25% inbreeding was only around an additional 3 d open. Specific combining abilities among bulls were estimated as sums of dominance and additive by additive interactions removing effect of inbreeding depression. Differences between maximum and minimum estimates were in the order of twice the estimated standard deviation, ranging from 1.5 to 6.7 d. Effects of inbreeding and specific combining ability could be jointly considered in mating programs following sire selection.
Life story resources in dementia care: a review

Purpose Life story work has a relatively long tradition in the caring sciences and is recognised as an important component of dementia care and practice. However, to date, there has not been a review of accessible life story resources. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Following a systematic approach to identification and inclusion, 11 life story resources were reviewed to ascertain areas of commonality and divergence between the materials. Findings The authors were able to group the analysis under eight areas and at the end of this process, it was uncertain if life story work is a formal staff intervention or an informal activity that people with dementia and their families could engage in. Resources also varied in terms of whether the life story information was organised in a chronological way, or with topics of interest/discussion or with a combination of both. Life story evaluation and its impact on the life of the person with dementia is in need of development. Practical implications Across the resources the authors identified four reasons to do life story work which the authors have named as: emotional connections; interactional connections; building new connections and practical care connections. Social implications There was limited guidance aimed at helping people with dementia to develop and compile their own life story. Originality/value This paper provides new insights into the usefulness, future directions and content of life story resources in dementia care. It will be of interest to those in health and social care as well as people living with dementia.
Induction of anaesthesia with etomidate: haemodynamic study of 36 patients.

The haemodynamic effects of anaesthetic induction with i.v. etomidate have been assessed in 36 patients. The variables studied were recorded under basal conditions and 3 and 10 min after induction, before surgical stimulus. There was a reduction in cardiac output, stroke volume and arterial pressure, and a compensating increase in heart rate. Pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular resistance, central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were virtually unchanged. Although etomidate has a negative inotropic effect, the variables which were depressed remained at all times within acceptable limits.
BIOMECHANICAL PERFORMANCE FACTORS IN POSE RUNNING AND HEEL-TOE RUNNING

The aim of this paper is to identify known biomechanical performance factors between ten experienced Pose runners and ten experienced Heel-toe runners. Both groups of experienced runners were compared using nine kinematic variables. The Pose Group showed a distinct biomechanical profile and was significantly different from the Heel-toe Group. Known biomechanical performance factors were identified in the Pose Group for lower vertical oscillation, a more vertically aligned body at impact with a shorter step length but a higher step frequency. Stance time and knee extension during stance were lower while knee flexion angular velocity during swing was higher. These findings should enable coaches to identify performance factors for each running group. Further work should identify injury incidence between the two running techniques.
ABCB4 heterozygous gene mutations associated with fibrosing cholestatic liver disease in adults.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily B, member 4 (ABCB4) mutations have not been investigated in patients with unexplained cholestasis. We aimed to investigate ABCB4 mutations in adult patients with unexplained anicteric cholestasis and to describe liver injury associated with ABCB4 mutations. METHODS Between February 2004 and March 2007, all adults with unexplained cholestasis despite multiple investigations including liver biopsy and 124 healthy volunteers had ABCB4 sequencing. Fibrosis, bile duct lesions, inflammatory infiltrate, activation of myofibroblasts and multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein 3 (MDR3) immunostaining were assessed on patients' liver biopsy specimens. RESULTS Thirty-two patients were included (23 females, 16-69 years of age). Eight different ABCB4 heterozygous mutations were found in 11 patients (34%). Seven of these mutations (exons 4, 6, 14, 18, 23) were never detected in the control group. One mutation (exon 15) was detected in 4 patients (12.5%) and 4 controls (3%). At the time of liver biopsy, the main clinical and biologic characteristics were similar in the 32 patients regardless of ABCB4 mutation. The histologic pattern in patients with a mutation consisted of portal fibrosis with ductular reaction and strong macrophagic infiltrate of portal tracts without significant periportal and lobular necroinflammatory lesions or cholangitis. Fibrosis score and macrophagic infiltration of portal tracts were significantly increased in patients with ABCB4 mutation (P = .01). Absence or reduced MDR3 canalicular immunostaining was demonstrated in all patients with ABCB4 mutations tested. CONCLUSIONS Heterozygous ABCB4 mutations were detected in 34% of adults with unexplained cholestasis, for the most part without biliary symptoms, and could result in significant liver fibrosis.
Biochemical Indices of Sympathetic Activity in Migraine

Plasma levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, cAMP, free fatty acids and serum DBH, were estimated in a group of ten migrainous patients before, during and after a migraine attack. All parameters, apart from adrenaline, showed a statistically significant elevation during the headache period. As the blood concentration of the above substances taken in combination is the most reliable index of sympathetic activity available at present, these findings indicate that there is considerable sympathetic dysfunction during the migraine attack.
The Combined Effects of Environmental Conditioning and Sustained Load on Mechanical Properties of Wet Lay-Up Fiber Reinforced Polymer

The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of an aggressive environment and sustained load on the mechanical properties of wet lay-up fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). A total of 390 specimens, including 234 carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) specimens and 156 glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) specimens, were exposed to freeze–thaw cycles, hygrothermal aging, and wet–dry cycles either in an unstressed state or loaded to about 30% or 60% of the initial ultimate load. Uniaxial tension tests were conducted on the samples after specific exposure time as well as on the control samples; and tensile properties were measured for each specimen. The results showed that the three environmental exposures, particularly hygrothermal aging, led to a significant decrease in tensile strength and elongation of the CFRP and GFRP specimens even for relatively short conditioning periods, and this decrease was markedly exacerbated by higher external loading levels. It was interesting to observe that the tensile modulus of the CFRP and GFRP specimens exhibited an excellent resistance and even appeared to increase slightly after exposure. Finally, predictive values of tensile strength based on the Arrhenius method were compared with the design values of ACI 440.2R-08 and GB 50608-2010. The results showed that both ACI 440.2R-08 and GB 50608-2010 were too conservative and significantly underestimated the tensile strength of FRP materials after an anticipated exposure period.
Excitation of resonances due to the space charge and magnet errors in the SNS ring

The latest designs of high-intensity proton rings require minimal beam loss. The major cause of losses in a circular machine is the interplay of excited resonances, leading to particle diffusion. Such resonances could be driven by the E space charge itself, magnet errors or a combined effect of the above. As a result, the goal of achieving low-level beam loss becomes especially challenging in the presence of both space charge and magnet imperfections. In this paper, we investigate the resonance excitation and their impact on the beam dynamics of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) ring, for various possible working points of the lattice.
Natural history of obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a systematic review

Obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) is caused by traction to the brachial plexus during labour. In the majority of cases delivery of the upper shoulder is blocked by the mother's pubic symphysis (shoulder dystocia). If additional traction is applied to the child's head, the angle between the neck and the shoulder is forcefully widened, overstretching the ipsilateral brachial plexus. The resulting traction injury may vary from neurapraxia or axonotmesis to neurotmesis and avulsion of rootlets from the spinal cord. Recently, the exact origin of OBPP was again a matter of debate. It was suggested that intrauterine maladaptation, not nerve traction, causes the plexopathy. The incidence of OBPP varies from 1.6 to 2.9 per 1000 births in prospective studies. The upper brachial plexus is most commonly affected, resulting in paresis of the shoulder and biceps muscles, as first described by Erb and Duchenne. Hand function is additionally impaired in approximately 15% of patients; isolated injury to the lower plexus (Dejerine-Klumpke's type) is rare.
Laparoscopic approach in complicated diverticular disease.

AIM To analyze the results of laparoscopic colectomy in complicated diverticular disease. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at an academic teaching hospital. Data were collected from a database established earlier, which comprise of all patients who underwent laparoscopic colectomy for diverticular disease between 2000 and 2013. The series was divided into two groups that were compared: Patients with complicated disease (abscess, perforation, fistula, or stenosis) (G1) and patients undergoing surgery for recurrent diverticulitis (G2). Recurrent diverticulitis was defined as two or more episodes of diverticulitis regardless of patient age. Data regarding patient demographics, comorbidities, prior abdominal operations, history of acute diverticulitis, classification of acute diverticulitis at index admission and intra and postoperative variables were extracted. Univariate analysis was performed in both groups. RESULTS Two hundred and sixty patients were included: 28% (72 patients) belonged to G1 and 72% (188 patients) to G2. The mean age was 57 (27-89) years. The average number of episodes of diverticulitis before surgery was 2.1 (r 0-10); 43 patients had no previous inflammatory pathology. There were significant differences between the two groups with respect to conversion rate and hospital stay (G1 18% vs G2 3.2%, P = 0.001; G1: 4.7 d vs G2 3.3 d, P < 0.001). The anastomotic dehiscence rate was 2.3%, with no statistical difference between the groups (G1 2.7% vs G2 2.1%, P = 0.5). There were no differences in demographic data (body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiology and previous abdominal surgery), operative time and intraoperative and postoperative complications between the groups. The mortality rate was 0.38% (1 patient), represented by a death secondary to septic shock in G2. CONCLUSION The results support that the laparoscopic approach in any kind of complicated diverticular disease can be performed with low morbidity and acceptable conversion rates when compared with patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for recurrent diverticulitis.
Doublecortin Is a Highly Valuable Endogenous Marker of Adult Neurogenesis in Canaries

Commentary on “Evaluating the Predictive Value of Doublecortin as a Marker for Adult Neurogenesis in Canaries (Serinus canaria)” by Michiel Vellema, Moritz Hertel, Susan L. Urbanus, Annemie Van der Linden, and Manfred Gahr (Journal of Comparative Neurology 2014, 522 : 1299-1315)
The challenges of implementing interlock best practices in a federal state: the Canadian experience

Alcohol interlocks have been recognised as an effective and important component of the strategy to deal with impaired drivers.1 ,2 An interlock is a small breath-testing device connected to the engine to prevent a vehicle from being driven if the driver's blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) is above a low preset level (usually 0.02%). Interlocks contain sophisticated anticircumvention features and computerised data logs that record the results of all breath tests and attempts to tamper with the device. Over the past few decades, various jurisdictions have introduced interlock programmes as an impaired driving countermeasure. Accordingly, interlocks have been the subject of extensive consultation and collaboration among researchers and policy-makers worldwide.3 This has resulted in a catalogue of ‘best practices’ that is generally supported by researchers and readily accessible to governments and licensing authorities.4 Nevertheless, there remains a relatively disparate set of interlock programmes in force around the world. The variety of programmes is particularly obvious in federal nations, like Canada, where each province and territoryi has authority over driver and motor vehicle licensing. ### Canada's division of legislative authority Canada is somewhat unique among federal nations in that criminal law is governed by a federal Criminal Code . 5 Thus, it is the federal government that has established the criminal impaired driving offences and their respective penalties. For example, the offences of impaired driving, driving with a BAC above 0.08% and refusing to participate in a required impairment test each carry a minimum sentence of a $1000 fine and a 1-year driving prohibition for a first offence. In addition to and alongside these federal criminal sanctions, each province can impose administrative licensing and other countermeasures, including suspensions and mandatory remedial programmes.6 , …
A decrease in 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopically determined citrate in human seminal fluid accompanies the development of prostate adenocarcinoma.

PURPOSE Because human prostatic fluid contributes almost 50% of the volume of seminal plasma and this fluid contains unique prostatic metabolites such as citrate, which are markedly altered during tumorigenesis, we investigated high resolution H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of unprocessed human seminal plasma as a rapid, noninvasive diagnostic tool for prostate adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Semen and prostatic massage samples from control and tumor bearing subjects were stored frozen at -20C and thawed prior to water suppressed NMR analysis. We found that freezing produced no significant alterations in the semen NMR spectra. Quantitative NMR spectroscopy was performed by first calibrating the water suppression data acquisition sequence with a series of standard samples containing known amounts of citrate within the physiological range. RESULTS Well resolved citrate resonances from the seminal plasma of 3 control subjects with prostate specific antigen (PSA) less than 1 ng/ml were integrated to give concentrations of 97 to 178 mM. Semen from a 47-year-old man with benign prostatic hyperplasia and a PSA of 5.5 ng/ml contained 156 mM citrate. In contrast, seminal plasma from 2 patients with prostate cancer, including a 46-year-old man with Gleason grade 8 and PSA 45.2 ng/ml, and a 64-year-old man with grade 6 and PSA 13.0 ng/ml, revealed citrate NMR signals corresponding to a concentration of only 28 and 24 mM, respectively. Spectra from prostatic massage fluid from a normal 23-year-old volunteer showed a citrate of 483 mM, while massage fluid from a 56-year-old patient with Gleason grade 4 cancer showed a citrate of only 1.35 mM. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge this study is the first to use high resolution NMR of semen to diagnose prostate cancer. Given the known effects of adenocarcinoma on prostate metabolism, the study indicates that high resolution H NMR can be used to measure citrate in seminal fluid, potentially providing a new, rapid, noninvasive screening method.
Effects of sodium phosphate and caffeine loading on repeated-sprint ability

Abstract The effects of sodium phosphate and caffeine supplementation were assessed on repeated-sprint ability. Using a randomised, double-blind, Latin-square design, 12 female, team-sport players participated in four trials: (1) sodium phosphate and caffeine, (2) sodium phosphate and placebo (for caffeine), (3) caffeine and placebo (for sodium phosphate) and (4) placebo (for sodium phosphate and caffeine), with ~21 days separating each trial. After each trial, participants performed a simulated team-game circuit (4 × 15 min quarters) with 6 × 20-m repeated-sprints performed once before (Set 1), at half-time (Set 2), and after end (Set 3). Total sprint times were faster after sodium phosphate and caffeine supplementation compared with placebo (Set 1: P = 0.003; Set 2: d = −0.51; Set 3: P < 0.001; overall: P = 0.020), caffeine (Set 3: P = 0.004; overall: P = 0.033) and sodium phosphate (Set 3: d = −0.67). Furthermore, total sprint times were faster after sodium phosphate supplementation compared with placebo (Set 1: d = −0.52; Set 3: d = −0.58). Best sprint results were faster after sodium phosphate and caffeine supplementation compared with placebo (Set 3: P = 0.007, d = −0.90) and caffeine (Set 3: P = 0.024, d = −0.73). Best sprint times were also faster after sodium phosphate supplementation compared with placebo (d = −0.54 to −0.61 for all sets). Sodium phosphate and combined sodium phosphate and caffeine loading improved repeated-sprint ability.