Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The European Cooperation is Facing New Challenges - Some Impact on Citizenship Education in the Netherlands

The crisis in Europe constitutes a major test for the very pursuit of European integration and for its legitimacy in the eyes of the citizens. In this paper a number of striking economic aspects of the crisis will be discussed next to political tensions concerning sensitive issues. Given the decline in the support for the European integration among the public over the past years it is necessary to improve the quality of citizenship education on European issues and to use a more critical approach. Teaching and learning in a balanced manner is necessary about issues like migration, free movement, populist political parties, enlargement and other themes, besides other regular topics. In contrast to current opinions we argue that to reach not only the higher levels of secondary schools but also the lower levels a too strong social-constructivist approach is not effective. Complicated European issues need a good instruction by the teacher in combination with an attractive didactical approach that builds on a common core European orientation curriculum improving students’ knowledge and skills and thus enhancing opinions and attitudes.
On the representations of the fundamental group

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In situ rumen degradation of amino acids from different feeds corrected for microbial contamination

Variations of the amino acid profile produced by rumen actions were established for fish meal (FM), corn grain (CG), corn gluten feed (GF), dehydrated beet pulp (DBP), and lucerne hay (LH), using the nylon bag technique. The effects of degradation of soluble or insoluble proteins were mea- sured by rumen incubations at 0 h (washout value) and 16 h, respectively. Rumen incubations were performed on four cannulated wethers and the microbial contamination of incubated residues was cor- rected using a continuous 15 N-intraruminal infusion and solid associated bacteria isolates as the ref- erence sample. The results showed that rumen degradation of both soluble and insoluble proteins pro- duced changes in the amino acid profile, which were not uniform among feeds. Differences between feed and insoluble protein amino acid composition were limited for FM and DBP, important for GF and LH, and intermediate for CG. Differences between insoluble and undegraded protein amino acid composition were also limited for FM, GF, DBP, and LH and important in CG. The results showed that the amino acid profile in the undegraded protein and in the whole feed should be close for FM, DBP and LH. On the contrary, in CG, important variations are expected, since both solubility and degradability effects produced changes with the same tendency for most of the essential amino acids. In particular, our results showed a great decrease in the lysine content of the undegraded protein, which increases the lysine deficiency of this feed. This decrease of lysine was also evidenced in GF. rumen degradation / amino acid profile / microbial contamination / 15 N
Intergenerational Fairness and the Crowding Out Effects of Well‐Intended Environmental Policies

Sustainability involves the drive to ensure intergenerational fairness. However, the results of actions taken to achieve sustainability often lie far into the future and efforts to promote the welfare of distant generations may or may not ultimately be successful. While both governmental policies and entrepreneurial innovation have been cited as being indispensable to the achievement of sustainability, the manner in which they co-exist and interact over very long periods of time remains unclear. Using a computational model spanning more than two centuries, this study asks: Do well-intended environmental policies facilitate or inhibit environmental entrepreneurship? By simultaneously considering both the ethical and economic consequences of efforts to arrest environmental degradation, our study answers the call to develop multi-disciplinary perspectives and integrative frameworks when addressing the challenges of sustainable existence. Contrary to widely held perceptions, our findings suggest that policy actions may, in the long run, result in less intergenerational fairness by crowding out environmentally desirable innovations and organizations. Our examination of the long-term interactions between policies and markets offers insights and opportunities for scholars, entrepreneurs, environmentalists, ethicists and policymakers to develop solutions that preserve and extend the essential contributions of both policy actions and entrepreneurial innovations.
PREGNANCY RATES AND BODY MORPHOMETRY IN NELLORE COWS SUBMITTED TO PROGESTERONE AND TEMPORARY WEANING OF CALVES

Body morphometry and temporary weaning (TW) associated to two protocols of fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) with intravaginal progesterone releasing device (IPRD) upon pregnancy rates were evaluated. Cows, at 45-59 days post-partum, were randomly divided into group 1 (n=147) and group 2 (n=197). Group 1: received 1g progesterone (IPRD) and 2mg estradiol benzoate on day 0 (EB-D0); 150mg D-cloprostenol on day 7 (PGF-2a-D7); 0,5mg estradiol cypionate and (TW-48 hours) on day 9 (EC+TW-D9); FTAI on day 11 (D11); group 2: IPRD+EB (D0); PGF-2a+EC+TW (72 hours) on D8; FTAI (D11). The pregnancy rate was higher in cows submitted to TW (72 hours) than in cows with TW (48 hours), or rather, 49.74% vs 30.60% (p<0.05). There was a statistical difference (p<0.05) in groups 1 and 2 between pregnant or non-pregnant cows with regard to body weight (412kg vs 400kg and 419kg vs 390kg) and body condition score (BCS) (3.33 vs 3.08 and 3.53 vs 3/32) respectively. Further, 72-hour weaning associated to the applied protocol improved the pregnancy rate. The evaluation of BCS during post-partum may adjust the start of the breeding season.
Correlation of HER 2 / neu Over Expression , p 53 Protein Accumulation and Steroid Receptor Status with Tumor Characteristics : An Iranian Study of Breast Cancer Patients *

Background: Molecular biomarkers are valuable in evaluation the course of malignancies. In this study, the relationship between HER2/neu, p53, steroid receptors and clinicopathological features of patients with breast cancer has been assessed. Methods: Three hundred thirty nine women with a primary diagnosis of breast cancer from 2001 to 2006 were included. They were evaluated for tumor features. The content of the steroid hormone receptors and expression of HER2/neu and p53 was also examined by immunohistochemistry assay. Results: From patients arrived at this study, 52%, 36%, 46.5% and 44% were positive for HER2/neu, p53, ER and PR respectively. No association was found between most of pairs. HER2/neu expression significantly related with grade (P= 0.016). P53 had considerable reverse relation with axillary lymph node involvement and primary distant metastasis (P= 0.010 and P= 0.023, respectively). A significant association was found between PR and lymph node involvement (P= 0.038). Conclusion: This study present the pattern of prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer for the first time in northeast of Iran and suggests to conduct larger studies regarding other effective variables include demographic ones.
Immersion and Invariance-Based Coordinated Generator Excitation and SVC Control for Power Systems

A nonlinear coordinated control of excitation and SVC of an electrical power system is proposed for transient stability, and voltage regulation enhancement after the occurrence of a large disturbance and a small perturbation. Using the concept of Immersion and Invariance (I&I) design methodology, the proposed nonlinear controller is used to not only achieve power angle stability, frequency and voltage regulation but also ensure that the closed-loop system is transiently and asymptotically stable. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller design, the simulation results illustrate that, in spite of the case where a large perturbation occurs on the transmission line or there is a small perturbation to mechanical power inputs, the proposed controller can not only keep the system transiently stable but also simultaneously accomplish better dynamic properties of the system as compared to operation with the existing controllers designed through a coordinated passivation technique controller and a feedback linearization scheme, respectively.
Answer to the editor and reviewers

During the last termination (from ∼18,000 years ago to ∼9,000 years ago) the climate significantly warmed and the ice sheets melted. Simultaneously, atmospheric CO2 increased from ∼190 ppm to ∼260 ppm. Although this CO2 rise plays an important role in the deglacial warming, the reasons for its evolution are difficult to explain. Only box models have been used to run transient simulations of this carbon cycle transition, but by forcing the model with data constrained scenarios of the evolution of temperature, sea level, sea ice, NADW formation, Southern Ocean vertical mixing and biological carbon pump. More complex models (including GCMs) have investigated some of these mechanisms but they have only been used to try and explain LGM versus present day steady-state climates. In this study we use a coupled climate-carbon model of intermediate complexity to explore the role of three oceanic processes in transient simulations: the sinking of brines, stratification-dependent diffusion and iron fertilization. Carbonate compensation is accounted for in these simulations. We show that neither iron fertilization nor the sinking of brines alone can account for the evolution of CO2, and that only the combination of the sinking of brines and interactive diffusion can simultaneously simulate the increase in deep Southern Ocean δ13C. The scenario that agrees best with the data takes into account all mechanisms and favours a rapid cessation of the sinking of brines around 18,000 years ago, when the Antarctic ice sheet extent was at its maximum. In this scenario, we make the hypothesis that sea ice formation was then shifted to the open ocean where the salty water is quickly mixed with fresher water, which prevents deep sinking of salty water and therefore breaks down the deep stratification and releases carbon from the abyss. Based on this scenario it is possible to simulate both the amplitude and timing of the long-term CO2 increase during the last termination in agreement with ice core data. The atmospheric δ13C appears to be highly sensitive to changes in the terrestrial biosphere, underlining the need to better constrain the
Intra-Cultural Variation, Zone of Acceptance and Managerial Discretion: A Theoretical Discussion

This paper examines the theoretical relationship between intra-cultural variation and managerial discretion. Research into the degree of discretion, or latitude of actions, has primarily focused on the individual-, organizational-, and industry-level factors, which either allow or constrain executives to take strategic actions. Despite, the recent attempt to discover the impact of national culture, mainly values, on managerial discretion, culture has been studied on an aggregate level by assuming spatial homogeneity within a country. However, recent evidences have shown that intra-cultural variation could be as salient as or sometimes even more than inter-country variation, yet there has been no discussion on its potential association with managerial discretion. As such, we address this gap and investigate the relationship of this cultural aspect with managerial discretion. Using institutional, stakeholder and upper echelons theories, our study proposes a strong relationship between intra-cultural variation and managerial discretion. Therefore, our study contributes to the strategic management and culture literature by providing a more nuanced understanding of such relationship and most importantly by introducing a new national construct that could play an important role in the strategic decision making of business executives.
Non-Wage Benefits, Costs of Turnover, and Labor Attachment: Evidence from Russian Firms

Just as in established market economies, many Russian firms provide non-wage benefits such as housing, medical care or day care to their employees. Interpreting this as a strategic choice of firms in an imperfect labor market, this paper examines unique survey data for 404 large and medium-size industrial establishments from 40 Russian regions. We find strong evidence that Russian industrial firms use social services to reduce the costs of labor turnover in the face of tight labor markets. The strongest effect is observed for blue-collar workers. We also find that the share of non-monetary compensation decreases with improved access to local social services.
Phytophthora Root Rot of Avocado — An Integrated Approach to Control in California

Avocado is a recent arrival on the horticultural scene. In California, the first introductions were made in Santa Barbara in the late 19th century. An extensive industry did not develop until the 1920s, however, with the availability of the first successful cultivar, Fuerte, which proved well adapted to California conditions. By 1969, there were 9,000 ha of avocados planted in the state; and the cultivar Hass, which was more productive than Fuerte, began to dominate the marketplace.
Mass–metallicity relation from cosmological hydrodynamical simulations and X-ray observations of galaxy groups and clusters

Recent X-ray observations of galaxy clusters show that the distribution of intra-cluster medium (ICM) metallicity is remarkably uniform in space and time. In this paper, we analyse a large sample of simulated objects, from poor groups to rich clusters, to study the dependence of the metallicity and related quantities on the mass of the systems. The simulations are performed with an improved version of the smoothed-particle-hydrodynamic GADGET-3 code and consider various astrophysical processes including radiative cooling, metal enrichment and feedback from stars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The scaling between the metallicity and the temperature obtained in the simulations agrees well in trend and evolution with the observational results obtained from two data samples characterized by a wide range of masses and a large redshift coverage. We find that the iron abundance in the cluster core (r < 0.1R(500)) does not correlate with the temperature nor presents a significant evolution. The scale invariance is confirmed when the metallicity is related directly to the total mass. The slope of the best-fitting relations is shallow (beta similar to -0.1) in the innermost regions (r < 0.5R(500)) and consistent with zero outside. We investigate the impact of the AGN feedback and find that it plays a key role in producing a constant value of the outskirts metallicity from groups to clusters. This finding additionally supports the picture of early enrichment.
The Limited Dynamic Compression Plate Fixation In Acute Diaphyseal Fractures Of The Radius And Ulna – A Prospective Study

Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the results of diaphyseal fractures of forearm bones treated by limited contact dynamic compression plating. Materials and methods: Twenty five patients with displaced diaphyseal fractures (closed and type1 compound) of forearm bones, both radius and ulna were managed by open reduction and internal fixation with limited contact dynamic compression plating (LC-DCP) from June 2003 to December 2005 with an average follow up of 18 months. There were 20 males and 5 females with a mean age of 32.9 years. The average interval from injury to surgery in our series was 5.8 days (3-16days). Road traffic accident was the most common mode of injury (64%). Pathological fractures were excluded. Average time of union was 13.6 weeks, 1 fracture united at the end of 28 weeks. Results: Complete radiological and
Seismic performance and financial risk of masonry houses

Seismic behaviour of a typical unreinforced masonry (URM) brick house is experimentally investigated. A half-scale URM house model with aspect ratio of 1.5:1 in plan is constructed and tested on a shaking table, in the longitudinal direction for several earthquake ground motions with peak ground acceleration (PGA) up to 0.5g. The structure is then rotated by 90o and tested in the transverse (short) direction for ground motions with PGA up to 0.8g. A finite element analysis and a mechanism analysis are conducted to assess the dynamic properties and lateral strength of the model house. Seismic fragility function of the URM houses is developed based on the experimental results. Damping at different phases of the response is estimated by using an amplitude-dependent equivalent viscous damping model. Financial risk of similar URM houses is then estimated in terms of expected annual loss (EAL) by following a probabilistic financial risk assessment framework. Risks posed by different levels of damage and by earthquakes of different predominant frequencies are then examined.
Estimation of Number Of Small Cattle Through ARIMA Models in Turkey

In this study, the number of sheep and goats in Turkey were analysed by time series analysis method, and the number of great cattle for next years predicted through the most appropriate time series model.Time series was formed using the data on the number of sheep and goats belonging to the period between 1930 and 2014 in Turkey It was determined through autocorrelation function graphic that the series weren’t stationary at first, but they became stationary after their first difference were calculated. A stagnancy test was performed through extended Dickey-Fuller test. So as to determine the suitability of the model, it was reviewed if autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation graphs were white noise series and also the results of Box-Ljung test were reviwed. Through the tested models, the model estimations, of which parameter estimates were significant and Akaike information criterion (AIC) was the smallest, were performed. The most appropriate model in terms of both the number of sheep and goats is first-level integrated moving average model stated as ARIMA(0,1,1). In this model, it was estimated that there would be an increase in the number of sheep and goats in Turkey between the years of 2015 and 2020, however, the increase in the number of sheep would be more than the increase in the number of goats.
In vitro antiplatelet activity-guided fractionation of aerial parts of Melothria maderaspatana

Melothria maderaspatana (Linn) Cogn, a plant drug of Siddha medicine, is an annual monoecious tendril climber, belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae, mostly prevalent in South India. It is commonly called Musumusukkai in Tamil. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant revealed the presence of phytochemical constituents such as coumarins, flavonoids. Hence an attempt has been made to screen the effect of Melothria maderaspatana in platelet aggregation. Successive extracts of aerial parts of Melothria maderaspatana were used in increasing polarity of solvents (i.e., hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol). The antiplatelet activity of different fractions of Melothria maderaspatana was studied using platelet-rich plasma in presence of ADP. Each extract was tested in concentrations of 100 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml, 400 µg/ml and 500 µg/ml for the study. The ethyl acetate extract showed a dose-dependent antiplatelet activity. Hexane and methanol extracts showed antiplatelet activity only at 200 µg/ml and 400 µg/ml concentrations. Chloroform extract showed negligible antiplatelet activity. However, the inhibition of platelet aggregation was only 50% when compared to the standard Aspirin.
Group structure and properties of block ideals of the group algebra

In this note relations between the structure of a finite group G and ringtheoretical properties of the group algebra FG over a field F with characteristic p > 0 are investigated. Denoting by J(R) the Jacobson radical and by Z(R) the centre of the ring R, our aim is to prove the following theorem generalizing results of Wallace [10] and Spiegel [9]: Theorem. Let G be a finite group and let F be an arbitrary field of characteristic p > 0. Denoting by BL the principal block ideal of the group algebra FG the following statements are equivalent: (i) J(B1) ≤ Z(B1) (ii) J(B1)is commutative, (iii) G is p-nilpotent with abelian Sylowp-subgroups.
Combined Treatment of Leachate from Sanitary Landfill and Municipal Wastewater by Activated Sludge

Two leachates from sanitary landfill, characterized by different biodegradability, were mixed with municipal wastewater in different proportions and aerobically treated by activated sludge. The overall removals of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia as well as the fraction of hardly-biodegradable substances were investigated to select the best operating conditions for the simultaneous removal of these pollutants. Preliminary batch tests were carried out to point out the optimum leachate/mixture volume ratio (Ψ L/M ) consistent with the biological treatment (0.10). Using this proportion, the performance of a bench-scale activated sludge system was checked under continuous working conditions at different hydraulic retention times (τ HRTs ), namely 2, 4 and 8 h. The removal yields of COD and ammonia (Y COD and Y NH +) were studied either during the start-up or after reaching stationary conditions. The results obtained under steady-state conditions demonstrated that the organic substances were effectively removed (Y COD > 0.65) at τ HRT = 8 h, while the best results were obtained for ammonia at τ HRT = 2 h. Sludges produced by the continuous system were then used in batch activity tests to check the degradation improvement consequent to their acclimation to leachate/mixture volume ratios in the range 0.05-0.2. The best performance was obtained with sludge produced at Ψ L/M ≤ 0.15 and τ HRT = 4 h, that ensured, for both COD and NH 4 +, removal yields of Y = 0.67-0.76 and removal rates of r = 103-130 and 35-63 mg l -1 h -1 , respectively.