Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corals from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian - Early Albian) of Puebla (Mexico) - Introduction and Family Stylinidae

The present contribution is the first instalment of a systematic revision of the Early Cretaceous (Barremian to Early Albian) corals of Puebla, Mexico. The coral fauna preserved in the Tehuacan region represents one of the most species rich associations of its kind from the Early Cretaceous of the New World. This article provides a brief overview of the research history, geology, lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy, and reports the presence of corals of the family Stylinidae (suborder Stylinina). The family is represented by the genera Acanthocoenia (one species), Enallhelia (two species), Stylangia (one species) and Stylina (six species).
Traumatic Injuries to Subclavian Arteries Treated with Stentgraft Implantation

The aim of the study was to present the experience of our centre in endovascular treatment for subclavian artery injuries. Material and methods. In the years 2000-2005, seven patients (five men and two women, aged 28 to 69 years) with traumatic injuries to their subclavian arteries were treated in the Department of General and Vascular Surgery and Department of Radiology. Four patients were diagnosed with post-traumatic aneurysms including one iatrogenic aneurysm following fixation of a fractured clavicle; one patient experienced post-traumatic injury to subclavian artery; one with iatrogenic perforation of subclavian artery with bleeding into pleural cavity; and the last one with another iatrogenic injury resulting from attempts to place a central access line following surgical restoration of patency within subclavian and axillary arteries. All patients underwent endovascular treatment with the use of self-expanding peripheral stentgrafts (Wallgraft, Boston Scientific, USA). Results. The procedure of stentgraft implantation was successfully performed in all seven patients. In the patient with iatrogenic injury to the subclavian artery, blood extravasation around the stent was observed the next day, which required the stent to be additionally expanded with a balloon catheter. No complications during or immediately after the procedure were detected in any patient. The patient with iatrogenic injury to the subclavian artery following clavicle fracture suffered from thrombosis within the brachial artery during the third week after the procedure. Conclusions. Endovascular treatment of subclavian artery injuries with the use of peripheral stentgrafts is an efficient method that is associated with low complication rates and should be the method of choice in the treatment of subclavian artery injuries.
Asteromys punctus Ameghino (Rodentia, Hystricognathi Cavioidea) from the Late Oligocene of Patagonia (Argentina) and the Early Evolution of Cavioidea Sensu stricto

Abstract Asteromys punctus Ameghino was only known from the holotype, found in the Deseadan locality Cabeza Blanca (Chubut Province, Argentina). This species was included in the Family “Eocardiidae” because of its high-crowned cheek teeth and reduction of the mesoflexid-mesofossettid. In turn, “Eocardiidae”, together with Caviidae and Hydrochoeridae, has been regarded as part of Cavioidea sensu stricto, a large group of rodents characterized by double heart-shaped occlusal surface, moderate hystricognathy, and short extension of the lower incisors. The aim of this work is to report a new specimen of Asteromys punctus found in the Deseadan locality Laguna de Los Machos, Chubut Province, and to discuss the affinities of this taxon within Cavioidea s.s. in the context of a recently published phylogenetic analysis. In that analysis, four unambiguous synapomorphies support the inclusion of A. punctus within this clade: presence of mandibular foramen below the m3, root of the lower incisors extending up to the level of the posterior lobe of m2, lateral crest dorsally convex and deflecting anteroventrally from the base of the coronoid process, and horizontal crest as a low and broad ridge. Furthermore, the information provided by the holotype and the new material within a phylogenetic framework allows a discussion of the evidence that supports this taxon as the basalmost member of Cavioidea s.s. , placing Asteromys in a critical position for understanding the early evolutionary history of Cavioidea s.s.
Research Article Evaluation of surface properties of erythrocyte membranes in liver diseases

Background: The physicochemical properties of Red Blood Cell membranes (RBC) are altered in liver diseases. Langmuir monolayers offer an excellent model system to study biological membrane surface properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate surface properties of erythrocyte membranes in liver diseases. Methods: Sixty-one patients with various liver diseases and fifteen controls were enrolled. Surface properties of RBC membrane were evaluated using Langmuir monolayers. Surface pressure area isotherms were recorded at body temperature using RBC membrane lipid extract. Student‟s t-test and Analysis of variance tests were performed. Results: Mean maximum surface pressure and hysteresis area were significantly higher in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic liver disease groups compared to controls. Within cirrhotics, mean maximum surface pressure and lift off area was significantly lower in the Child C group as compared to the Child A, B and A-B groups. The mean hysteresis area was significantly lower in the Child C group as compared to the Child B and A-B groups. Conclusion: The results of our study confirmed high rigidity of RBC membrane in mild and moderate liver cirrhosis and high fluidity in severe liver cirrhosis. This study may pave the way to the development of a surface activity based biophysical tool for therapeutic implication in liver diseases.
Long-term processes of regional concentration and dispersion - fuzzy evidence for Western Germany

The description of geographical concentration and the search for its causes is at the focus of many studies. However, by not considering developments over an extended period of time, the majority of the studies mainly examine static relationships. This paper aims at filling this gap. We measure concentration in Western Germany for the time period from 1986 to 2006 with the Ellison-Glaeser index (EGI). In order to account for concentration processes at various levels, we investigate the long-run development of the EGI for NUTS3-regions and labour-market regions as well as for 43 two-digit-industries and 191 three-digit-industries. The Establishment History Panel provides detailed information about employment at the level of individual firms. The major part of the industries exhibits a larger degree of geographical concentration than one may expect when location decisions of firms are purely stochastic. This result holds true throughout our observation period irrespective of the applied spatial and industrial levels. Thus, regional concentration matters for about two thirds of all industries in Western Germany. However, despite concentration being significant, the value of the EGI is rather low for most of these industries. Since the mid 1980s, the shares of strongly localized and non-localized industries have been declining and increasing, respectively. Hence, dynamic changes of the industry-specific regional structure of economic activities have taken place at the lower and upper tails of the EGI distribution. A more detailed analysis of EGI rankings and changes is carried out for ten industry groups. All in all, sectoral shifts affect changes in industry-specific regional patterns. This holds true for old shrinking and stagnating industries and as well as for dynamic high-tech-manufacturing industries and business-related human-capital service industries. To confirm the descriptive findings in a multivariate setting, an econometric analysis is carried out. Using a multinomial logit model, we examine which forces lead to an increase, decrease or unchanged state of geographical concentration. Again, we find evidence that agglomeration externalities in old industries seem to have lost their importance. At the same time, the high-technology industries have not localized strongly enough to compensate for this effect.
Oxygen gradients affect behaviour of caged Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions in marine aquaculture cages are heterogeneous and fluctuate rapidly. Here, by temporarily wrapping a tarpaulin around the top 0 to 6 m of a marine cage (~2000 m3), we manipulated DO to evaluate the behavioural response of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to hypoxia. Videos were recorded before, during and after DO manipulation at 3 m depth while vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, DO and fish density were continuously measured. The trial was repeated 4 times over a 2 wk period. Temperature and salinity profiles varied little across treatment periods; however, DO saturation was reduced at all depths in all replicate trials during the tarpaulin treatment compared to the periods before or after. In 3 out of 4 trials, swim speeds were 1.5 to 2.7 times slower during the tarpaulin treatment than the before or after periods. Significant changes in vertical distribution of fish density and DO were observed between treatment periods in all replicate trials; salmon swam either above or below the most hypoxic depth layer (59 to 62% DO saturation). In a regression tree analysis, the relative influence of DO in determining fish distribution was 17%, while temperature (39%) and salinity (44%) explained the majority of variation. Our results demonstrate that salmon are capable of modifying their distribution and possibly activity levels in response to intermediate DO levels, but that DO is not a primary driver of behaviour at the saturation levels examined in this study.
Gender Effects, Culture and Social Influence in the Dictator Game: An Italian Study

There is little consensus on whether women are more generous than men; some research results indicate a higher propensity towards giving of female dictators, whilst others suggest the opposite. Two explanations have been put forward. According to the first one, women are more generous than men and the conflicting results are due to the way preferences are elicited (Eckel and Grossman, 2002), since women are more sensitive to "social cues" and their preferences are more "malleable" (Croson and Gneezy, 2009). According to the second one, the institutional culture and the role women have in society are key elements in shaping gender differences in preferences. In fact, in matrilineal societies (Gong et al.; 2014; Gneezy et al.; 2009), women are self-oriented, more competitive and less generous than men, since they have an important role as economic decision makers in the family and the society. We test these alternative hypotheses running Dictators experiments in Italy, a western country with a matrilineal culture, introducing – at the same time - social influence in the design. We find more support to the hypothesis on the cultural role in shaping preferences, rather than the effects of social influence.
Geomorphic response of rivers below dams by sediment replenishment technique

Sedimentation problems on regulated rivers are considerably different from natural rivers. An effective means of reservoir sediment management is to excavate deposited sediments within reservoir and transport to the river downstream of a dam. The flood is designed to erode the placed sediment at the banks of Nunome River, in an effort to restore the lower reach of the river to a more natural ecosystem. Since 2004, six attempts of sediment replenishment to rebuilding vital sediment sand bars below Nunome dam are in progressing. Monitoring measurements preand postreplenishment show the effect of improvements in riverbed formation, grain size distribution, and erosion processes. Actual field experiments are presented and compared with scaled laboratory experiments, with the objective of identifying parameters and process of sediment replenishment characteristics. The paper investigates the influence of sediment replenishment below Nunome Dam on changes of river bed. Appropriate sediment materials, which are excavated and treated from the upper part of the Nunome reservoir, and supplied to downstream rivers contributes to rebuilt sand bars, mitigate the armouring of river bed, and management of reservoir sedimentation. With the field experiments, the processes are directly visible and a wealth of valuable data is obtained, and will be used for numerical modeling in future application.
Growth of ornamental sunflowers in two growing seasons under semiarid conditions

Sunflower is considered a temperate zone crop but it can perform well under varying climate conditions. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of ornamental sunflower cultivars for cutting in two growing seasons in semiarid conditions. Sunflowers cultivars were sown in a randomized complete design in a split plot system, with four blocks. Six cultivars were evaluated (‘Bonito de outono sortido’, ‘Sol noturno’, ‘Sol vermelho’, ‘Jardim amarelo alto’, ‘Sunflower F1 sunbright supreme’ and ‘Sunflower F1 vincents choice’) in the main plots and two growing seasons in the subplots (GS1 – hot weather and GS2 – mild weather). Plant emergence percentage, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and internal inflorescence diameter were significant affected both by sunflowers cultivars and growing seasons. Emergence speed index and external inflorescence diameter were significantly affected by the interaction of cultivars and growing seasons. The obtained results indicated ‘Sol vermelho’ for cultivation in growing seasons with mild temperatures (GS2) and 'Sunflower F1 vincents choice' recommended for both growing seasons with mild climatic (GS2) and in warmer conditions (GS1). Although all other cultivars studied have not been indicated immediately, they may be considered for cultivation, but more studies are necessary for better acclimatization.
Realized Volatility: A Review

This article reviews the exciting and rapidly expanding literature on realized volatility. After presenting a general univariate framework for estimating realized volatilities, a simple discrete time model is presented in order to motivate the main results. A continuous time specification provides the theoretical foundation for the main results in this literature. Cases with and without microstructure noise are considered, and it is shown how microstructure noise can cause severe problems in terms of consistent estimation of the daily realized volatility. Independent and dependent noise processes are examined. The most important methods for providing consistent estimators are presented, and a critical exposition of different techniques is given. The finite sample properties are discussed in comparison with their asymptotic properties. A multivariate model is presented to discuss estimation of the realized covariances. Various issues relating to modelling and forecasting realized volatilities are considered. The main empirical findings using univariate and multivariate methods are summarized.
HOW CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CSR DISCLOSURE AFFECT THE PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN INDONESIA

Corporate governance has become one of the most important parts in business recently. The term of governance in this case is not new. Such term has been widely discussed over and over. Therefore, analysis and development concerning corporate governance has been done by some researchers since several decades ago. For example, it has been shown that good governance is effective in protecting stakeholder’s interests and the effects of corporate governance on firm’s performance have also been widely discussed. Another crucial part in most of business strategy is Corporate Social Responsibility, as it has also been the new business paradigm. This is due to the benefits that companies feel by implementing CSR within their businesses. In this attempt, this study aims to examine the effect of corporate governance, represented by managerial ownership structure and size of board of commissioners /BOC, and CSR expenditures disclosure on the performance of bank. In this study, Commercial Banks in Indonesia stand as the object of the study. We measure the bank’s performance by Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Operating Efficiency Ratio (OER). By using regression analysis, this study provides finding that managerial shareownership has no significant influence on bank performance. Meanwhile, BOC size and CSR disclosure is proven to have a positive significant effect on bank performance.
Export-import dynamics of zooplankton on a coral reef in Palau

Although coral reefs are widely viewed as oases in an oceanic desert, we demonstrate that the oceans around coral reefs in Palau are not deserts devoid of food, nor are coral reefs oases isolated from the surrounding sea. On flood tides, oceanic zooplankton advects onto the Palau barrier reef, where it is consumed by a wall of planktivorous fish. Similarly, on ebb tides lagoon zooplankton is consumed as it advects across the reef flat. Coral reef planktivores ingest zooplankton imported from both the sea and the lagoon, but coral reef fish also export meroplanktonic fish eggs that disperse offshore. Every day about 30 species of reef fishes, some forming spawning aggregations (parrotfish and surgeonfish), spawn at the forereef when the tide turns, releasing clouds of buoyant eggs and sperm into the ebb-tide waters that flow off the reef flat. Fish eggs disperse seaward, but remain entrained within several kilometers of the reef in a tidal, neritic water mass, separated from oceanic currents by tidal fronts. Flood tides return fish embryos and offshore zooplankton to the reef. The flux of materials between oceanic, neritic, and lagoon waters near coral reefs must be reexamined.
A numerical study of the response of ionospheric electron temperature to geomagnetic activity

[1] The response of ionospheric electron temperatures to geomagnetic activity has been simulated using the Thermosphere-Ionosphere Nested Grid (TING) model. The cause of this response has been analyzed using a new postprocessor for the TING model that looks at the individual physical terms that drive the electron energy equation. It is found that (1) electron temperatures are significantly enhanced in regions of depleted electron densities, especially inside the middle-latitude electron density trough. The most pronounced electron temperature enhancement occurs at the equatorward edge of the trough; (2) this enhancement is produced by heat flux from the plasmasphere, coupled with the effect of the relatively low thermal electron gas heat capacity there and the inefficient heat conduction in the bottomside of the F region, where electron densities have almost vanished; (3) in regions of enhanced electron densities, electron temperatures are significantly decreased as a result of enhanced energy loss to the ions; this prevents the electron temperature “morning overshoot” from occurring in the middle and low latitudes; (4) upwelling of molecular-species-rich air from the lower thermosphere to higher altitudes during the storm increases mixing ratios of the neutral molecular species in the F region, thus enhances the relative contribution of the neutral molecular species to the overall electron cooling there; (5) ion frictional heating increases high-latitude F region ion temperatures during geomagnetic storms, causing the ions to transfer energy to the electrons and thus enhancing electron temperatures; and (6) there are no significant electron temperature increases in the E region during the storm because of the rapid energy loss from the electrons to the neutrals.
Understanding Language Classroom Contexts: The Starting Point for Change

Introduction 1. Components of Contexts 2. Exploring Culture 3. Language and Languages in Education 4. From Cultures to Methods 5. From Methods to Approaches 6. Teachers and Learners: As Part of and Creators of their Context 7. Teachers and Learners: As 'Products of their Context 8. Schools and Classrooms: Physical and Cultural Contexts 9. Planning and Implementing Classroom Change 10. Conclusions: On Understanding Language Classroom Contexts and the Process of Change Index
Predisposing Factors associated with Denture Induced Stomatitis in Complete Denture Wearers

Statement of Problem: The most common oral fungal infection, denture induced stomatitis (DIS), is caused by the yeast candida, which is a normal flora of the digestive and vaginal tracts. Various predisposing factors have been associated with denture related stomatitis caused by candida albicans. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DIS and its predisposing factors in a sample of Iranian population admitted to Dental School of Tehran University. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional case series study 141 clinically healthy complete denture wearer patients attending dental school were enrolled through history taking and examin­ation. Data about age, sex, denture age, dental hygiene habits, smoking hab­its and wearing at night were collected. Data analysis was undertaken on a computer, using SPSS 11.5; Phi test and crammers V test statistical methods were used. Results: In a total number of 141 patients, 38.3% showed DIS. There were 40.8% male and 35.7% female. There was no statistical relationship betwe­en age ( p =0.117), sex ( p = 0.531), denture age ( p =0.166), denture hygie­ne habits ( p =0.144), and smoking habits ( p =0.126) and the presence of DIS, but an association between wearing at night and presence of DIS was demonstrated ( p =0.006). Conclusion: It is believed that wearing complete denture at night can incre­ase the prevalence of DIS. Therefore, it is recommend that denture wearers be informed about the effect of dentures on the occurrence of denture induc­ed stomatitis. KEY WORDS: Candidiasis; Complete Denture (CD); Denture Induced Stomatitis (DIS)
Early Devonian bimodal volcanic rocks of Southwestern New Brunswick: petrography, stratigraphy, and depositional setting

to subaenastal volcanic belt of the northeastern United States and New Brunswick consists of a bimodal sequence of marine of New Brutfurian and Early Devonian volcanic and assocUted sedimentary rocks. The Mascarene lithostratigraphic terrane depositional styletf probably the northern extension of this belt. This paper describes the volcanic stratigraphy, eruptive and Passamaquoddy Bay geography and tectonic setting of a 125 km2 area of the Mascarene terrane located along the coast of rhyolitic and basaltic flo^a mapped includes a - 3.5 km thick bimodal and subalkaline volcanic sequence of ""^ded GeorgeBathoUthandoverlain'fiyroclastic rocks and terrigeneous shale and sandstone. These rocks were intruded by the St. which aremappable at ascale of iformablyby the Late DevonianPerry Formation. The area is divided into 53 hthologic units Hawaiian, StromboIian,Piiniana39 • Rhyolitic rc>cks are volumetrically most irnportanL phreatomagmatic tuff cone, and peperitic *«*»
On the Computation of Pseudoadiabatic Entropy and Equivalent Potential Temperature

Abstract A set of approximate equations for pseudoadiabatic thermodynamics is developed. The equations are derived by neglecting the entropy of water vapor and then compensating for this error by using a constant (but relatively large) value for the latent heat of vaporization. The subsequent formulations for entropy and equivalent potential temperature have errors that are comparable to those of previous formulations, but their simple form makes them attractive for use in theoretical studies. It is also shown that, if the latent heat of vaporization is replaced with a constant value, an optimal value should be chosen to minimize error; a value of 2.555 × 106 J kg−1 is found in tests herein.