Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factor Structure and Reliability of the Parent-Informant Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in a Scottish Preschool Sample

ABSTRACT Research Findings: Despite it being a widely accepted measure of social, emotional, and behavioral problems among children and young people, the factor structure underlying the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is contested. Recent research has suggested a need to consider methodological bias in the SDQ, associated with the positive wording of some of the items, as a separate latent construct. Using data from the 2006–2007 Growing Up in Scotland study, we performed confirmatory factor analyses with 1,789 parents’ SDQ reports of their 4-year-old children, estimating and comparing 3 competing factor models: a 5-factor model, 3-factor model, and a 6-factor model incorporating a method factor. Results indicated that the 6-factor solution was the best fitting model. Several items from the original Pro-Social Behaviour and Peer Relationship Problems subscales loaded higher on the method factor than the original, suggesting bias influences across the SDQ domains. Reliability analysis demonstrated poor internal consistency for the individual difficulties subscales but good internal consistency for a Total Difficulties score and moderate internal consistency for the strengths subscale. Practice or Policy: As the SDQ is widely used internationally, further research is required to facilitate interpretation across populations and purposes (i.e., screening, diagnosis, or outcome assessment).
The Measurement of experienced burnout

A scale designed to assess various aspects of the burnout syndrome was administered to a wide range of human services professionals. Three subscales emerged from the data analysis: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Various psychometric analyses showed that the scale has both high reliability and validity as a measure of burnout.
Impacts Of Sociodemographic Variables On The Implicit Values Of Breakfast Cereal Characteristics

The implicit values of nutrient and nonnutrient characteristics of breakfast cereal were estimated using the 1987-88 household portion of the USDA's Nationwide Food Consumption Survey data. The effects of sociodemographic variables on cereal characteristic values were also estimated. The conceptual framework of the hedonic price model, used for food products, has traditionally focused on the nutritional characteristics of these products. This framework was extended to incorporate nonnutritional characteristics. Findings indicate that consumers' sociodemographic characteristics significantly affect the implicit values of both nutritional and nonnutritional cereal characteristics. Results generally met with prior expectations.
Climate Driven Vegetative Composition Changes in the Big Pine Creek Watershed Using Spectral Mixture Analysis and Time Series Analysis ofLandsat Surface Reflectance Data over a 30 Year Period

This paper presents a time series study of vegetative composition change in an alpine ecosystem in the Big Pine Creek watershed in California’s Eastern Sierra Nevada Mountain’s. Sixteen sample sites that demonstrated same directional trends in their visible and near-IR responses were examined for changes species composition over the last 30 years using spectral mixture analysis to evaluate how warming temperatures have altered the vegetative mix of those sites. These findings are used to establish the relationship between trends in spectral reflectance and changes in vegetative composition. We found that changes in the compositional make up of a site can result in changes to the spectral response that contradict the trends in vegetative indices and Tasseled Cap transformations. At one particular site, we show that Tasseled Cap indices are all consistent with a statistically significant decline in surface cover while spectral mixture analysis demonstrates statistically significant increases in vegetative cover.
2 0 0 8 J I N S T 3 P 0 7 0 0 7

G. Aad,k M. Ackers, b F.A. Alberti, l M. Aleppo, l ,m G. Alimonti, l J. Alonso, a E.C. Anderssen, a A. Andreani, l ,m A. Andreazza, l ,m J-F. Arguin, a K.E. Arms, o D. Barberis, g,h M.B. Barbero, b M. Bazalova, q R.B. Beccherle, g K.H. Becks, x P.K. Behera, i F. Bellina, x J. Beringer, a K. Bernardet, k J.B. Biesiada, a L. Blanquart, a J. Boek, x G.R. Boyd, p P. Breugnon, k P. Buchholz, s B. Butler, r M. Caccia, l ,m A.C. Capsoni, l C. Caso,g,h∗ D. Cauz,u,v M. Cepeda,a R. Cereseto, g M. Cervetto, g,h M.L. Chu, t M. Citterio, l J.C. Clemens, k Y.C. Coadou, c M. Cobal, u,v A. Coccaro, g,h S. Coelli, l S. Correard, k M. Cristinziani, b S. Cuneo, g S. D’Auria, u,v M. Dameri, g G. Darbo, g S. Dardin, a B. De Lotto, u,v U. De Sanctis, l ,m J.B. De Vivie De Regie, k C. Del Papa,u,v P. Delpierre, k B. Di Girolamo, c W. Dietsche, b F. Djama,k D. Dobos, f M. Donega, c J. Dopke, x K. Einsweiler, a A. Eyring, b D. Fasching, w L. Feligioni, k D. Ferguson, w W. Fernando, o P. Fischer, b M.J. Fisher, o T. Flick, x G. Gagliardi, g,h E. Galyaev, e K.K. Gan, o M. Garcia-Sciveres, a N. Garelli, g,h G.G. Gariano, g G.G. Gaycken, b C. Gemme,g P. Gerlach, x M. Gilchriese, a† M.P. Giordani, u,v D. Giugni, l K.W. Glitza, x C. Gössling, f T. Golling, a F. Goozen, a I. Gorelov, n G. Gorfine, x C. Grah,x H.M. Gray,d I.M. Gregor, x J. Grosse-Knetter, b K. Grybel, s P. Gutierrez, p G.D. Hallewell, k N. Hartman, a M. Havranek, q B. Heinemann, a T. Henß,x M.R. Hoeferkamp, n D. Hoffmann, k M. Holder, s W. Honerbach, b C. Horn, r S. Hou, t G.S. Huang, p F. Huegging, b E.W. Hughes, d I. Ibragimov, s I. Ilyashenko, c M. Imhaeuser, x J.M. Izen,e J. Jackson, o D. Jana, p R.C. Jared, w P. Jez,q T. Johnson, a J. Joseph, w H. Kagan, o M. Karagounis, b R.D. Kass, o M. Keil, b S. Kersten, x P. Kind, x J. Klaiber-Lodewigs, f L. Klingbeil, b R. Klingenberg, f A. Korn, a V.V. Kostyukhin, g I. Kostyukhina, g O. Krasel, f H. Krüger, b K. Krueger, a J. Kudlaty, f T. Kuhl, b O. Kvasnicka, q K. Lantzsch, x T. Lari, l S.L. Latorre, l S.C. Lee,t T. Lenz,x G. Lenzen, x J. Lepidis, x J. Levêque, k M. Leyton, a D. Lopez Mateos, d K. F. Loureiro, o D. Lüke, f L. Luisa, u,v J. Lys, a R. J. Madaras, a P. Mättig, x F.M. Manca, l E. Mandelli, a M. Marcisovsky, q Z. Marshall, d G. Martinez, b L. Masetti, b M. Maß, f M. Mathes, b R. McKay, j G. Meddeler, a R. Meera-Lebbai, p C. Meroni, l J. Metcalfe, n W.T. Meyer, j D.W. Miller, r W. Miller, a S. Montesano, l ,m M.M. Monti, l P. Morettini, g J.M. Moss, o T. Mouthuy, k P. Nechaeva, g W. Ockenfels, b G.A. Odino, g,h M. Olcese, g B. Osculati, g,h F. Parodi, g,h A. Pekedis, a K. Perez,d I. Peric, b C. Pizzorno, g J. Popule, q R. Post, a F. Ragusa, l ,m A.M. Rahimi, o B. Raith, b S. Rajek, f K. Reeves, x I. Reisinger, f
1 Linking Temperature , Cation Concentration and Water Activity for 2 the B to Z Conformational Transition in DNA 3

High concentrations of Na+ or [Co(NH3)6] can induce the B to Z conformational transition in 9 alternating (dC-dG) oligo and polynucleotides. The use of short DNA oligomers (dC-dG)4 and (dmC-dG)4 as 10 models can allow a thermodynamic characterization of the transition. Both form right handed double helical 11 structures (B-DNA) in standard phosphate buffer with 115 mM Na+ at 25 oC. However, at 2.0 M Na+ or 200 12 μM [Co(NH3)6], (dmC-dG)4 assumes a left handed double helical structure (Z-DNA) while the unmethylated 13 (dC-dG)4 analogue remains right handed under those conditions. We have previously demonstrated that the 14 enthalpy of the transition at 25 oC for either inducer can be determined using isothermal titration calorimetry 15 (ITC) [Ferreira, J. M. & Sheardy, R. D. , Biophys. J. 2006, 91, 1-7]. Here, ITC is used to investigate the linkages 16 between temperature, water activity and DNA conformation. We found that the determined enthalpy for each 17 titration varied linearly with temperature allowing determination of the heat capacity change (ΔCp) between the 18 initial and final states. As expected, the ΔCp values were dependent upon the cation (i.e. Na+ vs [Co(NH3)6]) 19 as well as the sequence of the DNA oligomer (i. e., methylated vs unmethylated). Osmotic stress experiments 20 were carried out to determine the gain or loss of water by the oligomer induced by the titration. The results are 21 discussed in terms of solvent accessible surface areas, electrostatic interactions and the role of water. 22
The impact of short-and long-term participation tax rates on labor supply

Generous income support programs as provided by European welfare states have often been blamed to hamper employment. This paper investigates the importance of incentives inherent in the tax-benefit system for the individual decision to take up work. Using German microdata over the period 1993-2010 we find that recent reforms in Germany increased work incentives at the extensive margin measured by the Participation Tax Rate (PTR), particularly for low income individuals. Work incentives are even higher if the time horizon is extended to more than one year, pointing at an overestimation of the disincentives by standard measures. Regression analysis reveals that a decrease in the PTR increases the likelihood of taking up work significantly. JEL Classification: H24, H31, J22, J65
Why labour market regulation may pay off: Worker motivation, co-ordination and productivity growth

A system and method to manage a community development asset. The system includes an asset polling agent, a nomenclature taxonomy dictionary, and an asset discovery service. The asset polling agent identifies a descriptive term associated with an asset under development. The nomenclature taxonomy dictionary stores a list of synonym terms related to the descriptive term associated with the asset under development. The asset discovery service identifies a reusable asset of a plurality of reusable assets for use with the asset under development based on at least one term, from a combination of the descriptive term and the list of synonym terms related to the descriptive term, extracted from social network data.
Development of sodium / lithium / fly ash sorbents for high 1 temperature post-combustion CO 2 capture 2 3

1 temperature post-combustion CO2 capture 2 3 Aimaro Sanna,* [a] Ili Ramli, [a] M. Mercedes Maroto-Valer [a] 4 5 a Centre for Innovation in Carbon Capture and Storage (CICCS), Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), 6 School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS, Edinburgh, UK. * e-mail: a.sanna@hw.ac. uk, tel. 7 +44(0)1314513299 8 9 Abstract: CO2 capture from combustion processes faces several challenges including high energy penalty, low 10 CO2 partial pressure, high flow rates and presence of water vapours. Absorption of CO2 at high temperature is 11 recently attracting increasingly attention . Alkali metal based sorbents present clear advantages compared to 12 other high temperature sorbents, such as high CO2 capture capacity, lower regeneration temperatures (< 750 °C) 13 and excellent stability. In this work, Na/Li-silicates prepared by mixing Na/Li carbonates with fly ash (FA) in 14 various molar ratios were evaluated for their capacity to chemisorb CO2 at 500-700°C and in presence of H2O 15 (2-12vol%), diluted CO2 (14vol%) and CO2 sorption promoters. 16 The results indicate that the carbonate:silica ratio used in the sorbents synthesis significantly affects the CO2 17 sorption capacity and regeneration temperature. The presence of steam enhances the diffusion of Li and Na ions 18 resulting in higher CO2 uptake. CO2 chemisorption follows a double layer mechanism with formation of 19 carbonate layer on the surface. The simultaneous presence of Li and Na (and K when used as additive) in the 20 formed carbonate layer results in an eutectic melt between 600 and 700°C, which facilitates the diffusion of the 21 ionic species. Li-Na-FA with molar ratio of 0.5:0.5:1 was the best prepared sorbent with a capacity of 2.54 22 molesCO2/kg sorbent (12%H2O, 14%CO2 at 700°C). Absorption/desorption was completed in 15 minutes with 23 reaction kinetics comparable to that of pure Li4SiO4 sorbents. The tested materials maintained their capacity and 24 absorption/desorption rates after 10 cycles at 700°C. Overall, the Na/Li materials showed a CO2 capture 25 capacity, stability over time and sorption-desorption kinetics comparable to those of other high-temperature 26 sorbents, such as Li-FA (Li4SiO4 prepared using fly ash), and higher stability than CaO and hydrotalcites. 27
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Shape effects in scattering and absorption by randomly oriented particles small compared to the wavelength

We study the effects of particle shape on the absorption and scattering cross sections of randomly oriented particles in the Rayleigh domain, i.e. particles that are very small compared to the wavelength of radiation both inside and outside the particle. In particular, we investigate the validity of the so-called statistical approach. In this approach it is assumed that the scattering and absorption properties of irregularly shaped particles can be simulated by the average properties of a distribution of simple shapes. We depart from the assumption of homogeneous spherical particles in two ways: 1) by using various distributions of elongated and flattened homogeneous ellipsoids and spheroids, 2) by using a distribution of hollow spherical particles. We derive explicit formulas for the shape averaged scattering and absorption cross sections as functions of the refractive index for various distributions of particle shapes in the Rayleigh limit. We compare the absorption cross sections as functions of the refractive index of the various distributions with each other and with those of homogeneous spheres. We also study the effects of the distributions on the shapes of absorption spectra. We find that there is a strong similarity between the absorption spectra of distributions of various non-spherical homogeneous particles and a distribution of hollow spheres. We show that the positions of features in the shape averaged mass absorption coefficient as a function of wavelength of small ellipsoidal, spheroidal or hollow spherical crystalline forsterite particles coincide with those deduced from the spectral energy distributions of various astronomical sources and with measurements of the mass absorption coefficients of small particles. This is not the case when we use homogeneous spherical particles.
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports Financial Integration and the Wealth Effect of Exchange Rate Fluctuations

A growing body of research emphasizes the direct impact of exchange rate movements on the value of U.S. foreign assets. Because a substantial amount of U.S. assets are denominated in foreign currencies, a depreciation of the dollar leads to large capital gains. First, we present a detailed decomposition of the U.S. balance sheet, which exhibits substantial leverage in terms of currencies and across asset categories. The United States holds 50 percent of GDP in foreign-currency assets and is long in FDI (foreign direct investment) and equity positions and short in debt and banking positions. Then, we incorporate these features of international financial integration in a simple general equilibrium model and analyze how they affect the international transmission of monetary shocks. We find that financial integration is a central component of the model, with the valuation gains from an exchange rate depreciation leading to a welfare effect that is at least as large as that stemming from nominal rigidities alone but possibly much larger. We characterize how interdependence is affected by the composition of the portfolio across asset categories and how structural features of the model interact with financial integration.
fates in the mouse blastocyst

1) Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA 2) Current address: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA 3) Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan 4) Current address: Center for Experimental Animals, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan 5) Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
The Validity and Reliability Study of Turkish Version of the Sentiments Attitudes and Concerns about Inclusive Education Scale

Bu calismanin amaci, Loreman, Earle, Sharma ve Forlin'in (2007) gelistirdikleri Sentiments, Attitudes, and Concerns about Inclusive Education (SACIE) olcegini Turkceye uyarlamaktir. Turkce formun yapi gecerligini incelemek amaciyla 304 ogretmen adayindan toplanan veriye Acimlayici Faktor Analizi uygulanmistir. Sonrasinda olcek, 368 ogretmen adayina uygulanmis ve elde edilen veriye Dogrulayici Faktor Analizi yapilmistir. Acimlayici faktor analizi olcegin Dusunce, Tutum ve Endise olarak uc faktorlu yapisini ortaya koymustur. Dogrulayici faktor analizi de toplamda 19 maddeden olusan uc faktorlu olcek yapisini desteklemistir. Diger taraftan olcek, ogretmen adaylarinin ozyeterliklerini ortaya koymada makul bir yordama gecerligi gostermistir. Olcegin Turkceye uyarlanmasinin onemi tartisilmistir.
Abstraction Hierarchies for Engineering Design

(cid:3) Abstract — Complex engineering design problems consist of numerous factors of varying criticalities. Considering fundamental features of design and inferior details alike will result in an extensive waste of time and effort. Design parameters should be introduced gradually as appropriate based on their significance relevant to the problem context. This motivates the representation of design parameters at multiple levels of an abstraction hierarchy. However, developing abstraction hierarchies is an area that is not well understood. Our research proposes a novel hierarchical abstraction methodology to plan effective engineering designs and processes. It provides a theoretically sound foundation to represent, abstract and stratify engineering design parameters and tasks according to causality and criticality. The methodology creates abstraction hierarchies in a recursive and bottom-up approach that guarantees no backtracking across any of the abstraction levels. The methodology consists of three main phases, representation, abstraction, and layering to multiple hierarchical levels. The effectiveness of the developed methodology is demonstrated by a design problem.
Supplemental data

Figure. S 1: Example of montage. The tiles cut from each magnification were converted into feature vectors by ElEx and clustered based on the similarity. In order to demonstrate the overview of each cluster, 120 tiles were randomly selected from each cluster and a montage was created. These examples are all tiles extracted at 5x magnification from different cases; A is classified as acellular fibrosis and B as complete normal.
A Subthreshold CMOS RF Front‐End Design for Low‐Power Band‐III T‐DMB/DAB Receivers

This letter presents a CMOS RF front‐end operating in a subthreshold region for low‐power Band‐III mobile TV applications. The performance and feasibility of the RF front‐end are verified by integrating with a low‐IF RF tuner fabricated in a 0.13‐μm CMOS technology. The RF front‐end achieves the measured noise figure of 4.4 dB and a wide gain control range of 68.7 dB with a maximum gain of 54.7 dB. The power consumption of the RF front‐end is 13.8 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
Technical Note: The effect of vertical turbulent mixing on gross O 2 production assessments by the triple isotopic composition of dissolved O 2

The 17 O excess ( 17 Δ) of dissolved O 2 has been used, for over a decade, to estimate gross O 2 production (G 17 OP) rates in the mixed layer (ML) in many regions of the ocean. This estimate relies on a steady-state balance of O 2 fluxes, which include air–sea gas exchange, photosynthesis and respiration but notably, not turbulent mixing with O 2 from the thermocline. In light of recent publications, which showed that neglecting the turbulent flux of O 2 from the thermocline may lead to inaccurate G 17 OP estimations, we present a simple correction for the effect of this flux on ML G 17 OP. The correction is based on a turbulent-flux term between the thermocline and the ML, and use the difference between the ML 17 Δ and that of a single data-point below the ML base. Using a numerical model and measured data we compared turbulence-corrected G 17 OP rates to those calculated without it, and tested the sensitivity of the GOP correction for turbulent flux of O 2 from the thermocline to several parameters. The main source of uncertainty on the correction is the eddy-diffusivity coefficient, which induces an uncertainty of ∼50%. The corrected G 17 OP rates were 10–90% lower than the previously published uncorrected rates, which implies that a large fraction of the photosynthetic O 2 in the ML is actually produced in the thermocline.
RUNNING HEAD : Developing incrementality in filler-gap dependency Developing incrementality in filler-gap dependency processing

Much work has demonstrated that children are able to use bottom-up linguistic cues to incrementally interpret sentences, but there is little understanding of the extent to which children’s comprehension mechanisms are guided by top-down linguistic information that can be learned from distributional regularities in the input. Using a visual world eye tracking experiment and a corpus analysis, the current study investigates whether 5and 6-year-old children incrementally assign interpretations to temporarily ambiguous wh-questions like What was Emily eating the cake with __? In the visual world eye-tracking experiment, adults demonstrated evidence for active dependency formation at the earliest region (i.e., the verb region), while 6year-old children demonstrated a spill-over effect of this bias in the subsequent NP region. No evidence for this bias was found in 5-year-olds, although the speed of arrival at the ultimately correct instrument interpretation appears to be modulated by the vocabulary size. These results suggest that adult-like active formation of filler-gap dependencies begins to emerge around age 6. The corpus analysis of filler-gap dependency structures in adult corpora and child corpora demonstrate that the distributional regularities in either corpora are equally in favor of early, incremental completion of filler-gap dependencies, suggesting that the distributional information in the input is either not relevant to this incremental bias, or that 5-year-old children are somehow unable to recruit this information in real-time comprehension. Taken together, these findings shed light on the origin of incremental processing bias in filler-gap dependency processing, as well as on the role of language experience and cognitive constraints in the development of incremental sentence processing mechanisms.