Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural Mechanisms of Three‐Dimensional Eye and Head Movements

Previous researchers have identified the superior colliculus (SC) as a structure encoding two-dimensional (2-D) gaze commands.1,2 In a recent study, we showed that these SC output commands are organized in oculocentric coordinates.3 Given these findings, it is expected that any three-dimensional (3-D) aspects of gaze control and eye/head kinematics should occur downstream from the SC. In this preliminary study, we addressed this hypothesis by examining eye/head movements evoked by head-free stimulations of the SC and comparing them with normal, head-free behavior. If the 3-D aspects of both these movement types are similar, then one can conclude that the 3-D properties of movement are implemented after the SC. This is because SC stimulation bypasses all neural structures upstream from the SC and thus highlights the functions of downstream structures associated with gaze generation. Two monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were fitted with (1) recording chambers (laterally across the midline and 5 mm anteriorly), (2) scleral search coils (two in one eye to record 3-D eye movements), and (3) one 3-D head search coil. The SC was first identified by recording oculomotor burst activity. Stimulations were then delivered, using tungsten microelectrodes, with pulse trains (50 μA, 500 Hz) of 200 msec, while the monkeys made natural, unencumbered, head-free gaze shifts in both the dark and in dim light. The animals were encouraged to use their entire eye/head motor ranges by the presentation of novel objects (in dim light) and sounds (in the dark) at eccentric positions. This allowed us to obtain a large variety of different initial eye and head positions. The resultant 3-D eye and head positions were recorded off-line and analyzed using the quaternion method.4 Movements of the eye-in-space (Es), head-in-space (Hs), and eye-in-head (Eh) occur about three axes—horizontal, vertical, and torsional. During normal behavior, the Es, Hs, and Eh obey Donders’ law. It states that that the eyes and head use only one, unique torsional orientation for every possible direction of visual gaze. Furthermore, the Eh obeys a specific form of Donders’ law, named Listing’s law, which holds that the torsional component of the Eh is always zero. Typically, one can assess
Discovery and development of new antibiotics: the problem of antibiotic resistance

Real clinical needs for new antimicrobial antibiotics derive from the emergence and dissemination of new opportunistic pathogens, especially in a growing immune system-debilitated host population. The significant health problems that occur as a result of infections with these rare or opportunistic pathogens is an outgrowth of the AIDS epidemic as well as the increasing prevalence of aggressive cancer chemotherapy and organ transplantation. Therapeutic needs can often be met by optimizing the use of existing chemotherapeutic agents. However, commonly prescribed antibiotics may not sufficiently cover these organisms, and the rapid spread or development of antibiotic resistance may compromise standard empiric treatment. Indeed, the greatest threat to successful antibiotic coverage, and hence the driving force behind the search for new therapies, is the evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance. Resistance of common or resurgent pathogens to standard antibiotic therapies is a significant nosocomial problem and is of increasing importance in communityacquired infections as well. In the hospital setting, especially tertiary-care facilities (40), the incidence of drug-resistant gram-positive infections is increasing-notably among Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, corynebacteria, and enterococci-while drug resistance in gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas, Serratia, andAcinetobacter species, continues to pose problems (20). The recent appearance of virulent strains of Mycobactenum tuberculosis that are resistant to multiple antibiotics in the AIDS, illegal drug addict, and prison populations has caused great alarm, posing a threat to the wider community and a potential resurgence of the disease (1). Empiric therapy favors the use and hence the development of broad-spectrum agents and combinations (7), even though the underlying need may be for treatment of specific problem pathogens, such as Pseudomonas species or methicillin-resistant staphylococci. While future technological refinements may bring rapid diagnostic methods and lead to effective dosing with narrow-spectrum agents, the current strategy is to develop antibiotics with good pharmacological profiles and (relatively) broad spectra of activity, including activity against the problem pathogens. The effective spectrum of an antibiotic, for empirical dosing, is determined by the MIC for 90% of strains tested, which, when it is based on
Systematic distortion in spouses' reports of preferred and actual sexual behavior.

This paper corroborates findings in Wallin and Clark's earlier studies of sexual behavior in marriage, and suggests that the results accord with a theory of cognitive consistency. As in the earlier studies, reports of preferred frequencies of coitus were distorted to correspond with presumed cultural norms and with the respondent's own marital and sexual satisfaction. Reports of actual frequencies also were displaced-upward for "satiated" respondents and downward for "unsatisfied" respondents. Some implications are discussed.
Preventing Disability Through Community‐Based Health Coaching

The California Public Employees Retirement System (CalPERS) Health Matters program is a randomized controlled trial of a community-based health coaching program operating in Sacramento, California, since January 2001. It is modeled after the Health Enhancement Program and Senior Wellness Program of Seattle, Washington. Like the Health Enhancement Program, this program incorporates a menu of disability-prevention strategies, with health coaching, patient education on the self-management of chronic illness, and fitness forming the program's core. Unlike the Health Enhancement Program, the Health Matters program focuses as much attention on linking participants to existing community, health plan, and self-directed programming as it does encouraging them to participate in programming developed especially for the project. All participants and controls continue to receive their usual medical care from their managed care providers. Eligibility criteria for the program include having one or more qualifying chronic health conditions, being aged 65 and older, being a member of a participating health plan, and being accepted into CalPERS' Long Term Care Insurance Program. Baseline exclusions include being cognitively impaired or qualifying for long-term care insurance benefits due to deficiencies in two or more activities of daily living. The project has been successful in its enrollment strategy. It has also been successful in recruiting participants into project-sponsored, community-based, and self-directed disability-prevention programming. This is particularly true for programming related to diet, exercise, and various aspects of disease management.
Assessment of the pelagic fish populations using CEN multi-mesh gillnets: consequences for the characterization of the fish communities

The contribution of CEN standard pelagic nets to the assessment of fish communities is tested by comparing three metrics (species composition, species abundance, and size structures) measured in accordance with the standard (i.e. using benthic nets only) to those calculated from the total effort (i.e. including pelagic nets). Hydroacoustic surveys were used simultaneously to assess fish densities in the pelagic habitat. The results show that in most cases the pelagic nets did not provide any extra information about these three metrics. However, their inclusion in the calculation of CPUE and size structures may affect the picture of the fish communities, especially in lakes containing salmonid populations. This study highlights the need to sample pelagic fish when assessing fish communities in order to determine lake quality.
THE RELATION BETWEEN COOL CLUSTER CORES AND HERSCHEL-DETECTED STAR FORMATION IN BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES

We present far-infrared (FIR) analysis of 68 brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) at 0.08 < z < 1.0. Deriving total infrared luminosities directly from Spitzer and Herschel photometry spanning the peak of the dust component (24–500 μm), we calculate the obscured star formation rate (SFR). 22+6.2−5.3% of the BCGs are detected in the far-infrared, with SFR = 1–150 M☉ yr−1. The infrared luminosity is highly correlated with cluster X-ray gas cooling times for cool-core clusters (gas cooling time <1 Gyr), strongly suggesting that the star formation in these BCGs is influenced by the cluster-scale cooling process. The occurrence of the molecular gas tracing Hα emission is also correlated with obscured star formation. For all but the most luminous BCGs (LTIR > 2 × 1011 L☉), only a small (≲0.4 mag) reddening correction is required for SFR(Hα) to agree with SFRFIR. The relatively low Hα extinction (dust obscuration), compared to values reported for the general star-forming population, lends further weight to an alternate (external) origin for the cold gas. Finally, we use a stacking analysis of non-cool-core clusters to show that the majority of the fuel for star formation in the FIR-bright BCGs is unlikely to originate from normal stellar mass loss.
ProbIDtree: An automated software program capable of identifying multiple peptides from a single collision‐induced dissociation spectrum collected by a tandem mass spectrometer

In MS/MS experiments with automated precursor ion, selection only a fraction of sequencing attempts lead to the successful identification of a peptide. A number of reasons may contribute to this situation. They include poor fragmentation of the selected precursor ion, the presence of modified residues in the peptide, mismatches with sequence databases, and frequently, the concurrent fragmentation of multiple precursors in the same CID attempt. Current database search engines are incapable of correctly assigning the sequences of multiple precursors to such spectra. We have developed a search engine, ProbIDtree, which can identify multiple peptides from a CID spectrum generated by the concurrent fragmentation of multiple precursor ions. This is achieved by iterative database searching in which the submitted spectra are generated by subtracting the fragment ions assigned to a tentatively matched peptide from the acquired spectrum and in which each match is assigned a tentative probability score. Tentatively matched peptides are organized in a tree structure from which their adjusted probability scores are calculated and used to determine the correct identifications. The results using MALDI‐TOF‐TOF MS/MS data demonstrate that multiple peptides can be effectively identified simultaneously with high confidence using ProbIDtree.
Effect of Phenothiazine on the Red Cells of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria

Summary. A phenothiazine derivative (chlorpromazine hydrochloride) was investigated as a possible means of reducing the transfusion requirement of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Results of in‐vitro studies have indicated that the drug has both beneficial and detrimental effects on the PNH red cell. Thus, while the osmotic haemolysis time is increased and the degree of acid haemolysis (Ham's test) is decreased, the osmotic fragility is increased on incubation. An in‐vivo survival study of ficin‐treated rabbit red cells showed no beneficial effect when the rabbits were primed with phenothiazine. It is therefore suggested that whenever drugs of the phenothiazine family are used, it should be with an awareness of potential haemolytic side effects in PNH and possibly in other haemolytic disorders.
From Hepatopancreas to Ovary: Molecular Characterization of a Shrimp Vitellogenin Receptor Involved in the Processing of Vitellogenin1

Abstract We report the first cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding a putative vitellogenin (Vg) receptor (VgR) from the shrimp, Penaeus monodon. The shrimp VgR cDNA is 6.8 kb; the deduced protein has 1943 amino acids with a molecular weight of 211 kDa. VgR is ovary specific and consists of conserved cysteine-rich domains, epidermal growth factor-like domains, and YWTD motifs similar to the low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, and VgR of insects and vertebrates. VgR expression level in the ovary is low during early vitellogenesis and increases to maximum levels in females with a gonadosomatic index of 3–4, presumably when needed for receptor-mediated endocytosis during the rapid phase of extraovarian Vg production by the hepatopancreas. A peptide from the C-terminal end of VgR was synthesized for antibody production. Anti-VgR antibody recognized an ovarian membrane protein, and the level of this protein was high when extraovarian production of Vg reached peak levels. By immunohistochemical analysis, VgR was detected strongly in the membranes of larger oocytes. VgR expression was knocked down after the shrimp were injected with VgR double-stranded RNA, leading to a decrease in VgR protein content in the ovary, but an increase in the hemolymph level of Vg. This study represents the first report of the functional analysis of a putative VgR in a crustacean.
An empirical study of comparing DEA and SFA methods to measure hospital units' efficiency

The paper aims to examine the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) results in order to facilitate a common understanding about the adequacy of these methods, defining any differences in healthcare efficiency estimation. A two-stage bootstrap DEA method and the Translog formula of the SFA were performed. Multi-inputs and multi-outputs were used in both of the approaches assuming two scenarios either including environmental variables or not. Thirty-two Greek public hospital units constitute the sample. DEA and SFA were found to yield divergent efficiency estimates due to many factors such as the nature of the environmental variables, the measurement error and other random factors. Environmental variables being hospital status and geographical position were found significantly correlating with inefficiency. The analysis concludes that the choice of the appropriate mathematical form depends on the expertise of the researcher and the purpose of the evaluation.
Powering Mercury's dynamo

The presence of the global magnetic field of Mercury has implications for the interior structure of the planet and its thermal evolution. We use a thermal evolution model to explore the conditions under which excess entropy is available to drive a convective dynamo. The current state of the core is strongly affected by its sulfur concentration and the viscosity of the overlying mantle. A present‐day dynamo is difficult to achieve. The minimum rate of entropy production required to drive a dynamo is attained in only the most optimistic models, and requires present‐day mantle convection. An additional entropy source such as the addition of a radiogenic heat source in the core increases the probability of a present‐day dynamo. Given the uncertainty, more specific characterization of the planet's interior and magnetic field is required to alleviate ambiguities in the original Mariner 10 observations.
Structural Equation Modeling of Personality Disorders and Pathological Personality Traits

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a family of related statistical techniques that lend themselves to understanding the complex relationships among variables that differ among individuals in the population. SEM techniques have become increasingly popular in the study of personality disorders (PDs) and maladaptive personality traits. The current article takes a critical look at the ways in which SEM techniques have been used in the study of PDs, PD symptoms, and pathological personality traits. By far the most common use of SEM in the study of PDs has been to examine the latent structure of these constructs, with an overwhelming bulk of the evidence in favor of a dimensional, as opposed to categorical, conceptualization. Other common uses of SEM in this area are factor models that examine the joint multivariate space of PDs, maladaptive personality traits, and psychopathology. Relatively underused, however, are observed or latent variable path models. We review the strengths and weaknesses of the work done to date, focusing on ways that these SEM studies have been either theoretically and/or statistically sound. Finally, we offer suggestions for future research examining PDs with SEM techniques.
Occupational Injuries Reported in a Population-based Injury Survey in Vietnam

Abstract This analysis of data from the Household Injury Survey conducted in Viet Nam in 2004-2005 sought to characterize the patterns of work-related injuries in Viet Nam and to determine whether self-employed and artisanal workers had higher rates of injuries than formally employed workers. The annual incidence rate of workrelated injuries in Viet Nam was 7.06 per 1,000 personyears. Daily alcohol consumption was strongly associated with work-related injuries. The highest burden of injuries was among farmers. Mechanical forces were the most common mechanism of injury. Self-employed workers had a rate of work-related injuries 26% higher than that of formally employed workers. Self-employed workers were younger, less educated, and more likely to be male. This population-based survey showed substantial underreporting of occupational injuries by existing surveillance mechanisms, which focus on formally employed workers. Priorities for future work include developing an integrated surveillance system for injuries and implementing further needs assessments to improve the prevention of occupational injuries.
Öğretmenlerin İngilizce Ders Kitapları Üzerine Algılarının Araştırılması: Muğla'da 10. Sınıflara Ders Veren Öğretmenlerin Durum Çalışması

Bu arastirma, ogretmen ve ogrencilerin kullanmakta olduklari Ingilizce ders kitabina yonelik algilarini ortaya cikarmayi amaclamistir. Calisma, 2016-2017 Egitim-Ogretim Yili’nin kis doneminde Mugla/Turkiye’de yurutulmustur. 9’u kadin ve 3’u erkek 12 ogretmen ve 17’si kadin ve 8’i erkek 25 ogrenci katilimci olarak yer almistir. Karma bir yontem benimsenmis ve katilimcilardan bilgi toplamak amaciyla anket ve yari yapilandirilmis mulakatlardan faydalanilmistir. Nicel bilgiler, ogretmenlerden, 34 ifade iceren bir olcek araciligiyla toplanmistir. Nitel bilgiler, ogretmen ve ogrencilerden, yari yapilandirilmis mulakatlar yoluyla elde edilmistir. En onemli bulgu, Milli Egitim Bakanligi tarafindan temin edilen 10. Sinif Ingilizce Ders Kitabi’nin ogretmen ve ogrenicilerin ihtiyaclarini karsilamamasidir fakat genel sonuclar, ogretmenlerin sadece kitaptaki aciklamalarin net oldugu konusunda hemfikir olduklarini gostermistir. Her ne kadar ogrencilerin cogunlugu kitabin sikici ve seviyelerinin uzerinde oldugunu belirtseler de, dusunceleri onemli olcude farklilik gostermis ve ortak bir paydada toplanmamistir.
Elementary subgroups of isotropic reductive groups

Let G be a not necessarily split reductive group scheme over a commutative ring R with 1. Given a parabolic subgroup P of G , the elementary group E P ( R ) is deﬁned to be the subgroup of G ( R ) generated by U P ( R ) and U P − ( R ), where U P and U P − are the unipotent radicals of P and its opposite P − , respectively. It is proved that if G contains a Zariski locally split torus of rank 2, then the group E P ( R ) = E( R ) does not depend on P , and, in particular, is normal in G ( R ).
Exploring Effects of Intrinsic Motivation and Prior Knowledge on Student Achievements in Game-based Learning

This study investigates the effects of students’ intrinsic motivation and prior knowledge on student achievement in learning Chinese in a game-based learning environment. A total of 140 fourth-grade students from an elementary school in South Korea participated in this study. An instructional game called “Hanjamaru,” which is designed to teach Chinese characters, was implemented for four weeks. During the experiment, students’ prior knowledge, intrinsic motivation in gaming, and achievements learning Chinese were quantitatively measured. Findings from this study demonstrate that both students’ prior knowledge and intrinsic motivation affect their achievements in learning Chinese. Also, there students’ prior knowledge and intrinsic motivation affected each other; that is, a group low in intrinsic motivation but with higher prior knowledge showed comparatively higher student achievements. These findings suggest that students’ prior knowledge should also be considered while designing and adopting game-based learning in order to engage students with different levels of intrinsic motivation.
WOMAC osteoarthritis index. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness in patients with arthroscopically assessed osteoarthritis. Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities.

OBJECTIVE To validate the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index for use in Sweden. METHODS Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, validity, and responsiveness was determined in 52 patients (mean age 48 (20-69)) with arthroscopically assessed cartilage damage of the tibio-femoral knee joint. RESULTS All WOMAC scales were internally consistent with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.83, 0.87, and 0.96 pre-operatively. Test-retest reliability was satisfactory with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.74, 0.58, and 0.92. As hypothesized worse post-operative but not pre-operative outcomes were associated with radiographic OA. In comparison with the SF-36 the expected correlations were found when comparing items measuring similar and dissimilar constructs, supporting the concepts of convergent and divergent construct validity. Three months after arthroscopy significant mean improvement was seen in all WOMAC scales (p<0.0004). CONCLUSION The Swedish version of WOMAC is a reliable, valid, and responsive instrument with metric properties in agreement with the original widely used version.
Preliminary study of Data Mining analysis of high speed Kymography and voice data

The use of high-speed laryngeal images technology contributes increasingly to promote greater objectivity in the characterization of laryngeal physiology, as well as, in the diagnosis and monitoring of laryngeal diseases. Vocal fold paralysis is still an unknown incidence, both in Brazil and in the rest of the World, its occurrence has become more frequent in medical and speech-pathologist clinics. Data mining is the process of analyzing hidden patterns of data according to different perspectives for categorization into useful information. In other words, Data Mining is able to identify patterns between information and grouping them according to some given criteria. Objective: To analyze high-speed kymographic images and voice signals with and without unilateral vocal fold paralysis using the data mining computerized system DAMICORE. Methodology: High-speed kymography and acoustic voice signals of subjects with and without unilateral vocal fold paralysis were analyzed by a computerized data mining tool, the DAMICORE system. Results: Data mining analysis for High-speed kymography of healthy individuals gather the groups by sex, while images from subjects with unilateral vocal fold paralysis were gathered by contrast of colors and by light incidence in the images. For voice signals, the technique considered the presence of external noise as a criterion for gathering groups. Conclusion: We concluded that DAMICORE it is a promising tool for kymographic images and voice signal data mining analysis. This tool shown high sensibility to noise in acoustical signals. Consequently, future research should consider this characteristic.