Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of delta-subunit containing GABAA receptors from rat brain.

Polyclonal antibodies have been raised in rabbits against the predicted cytoplasmic loop region of the delta-subunit of the GABAA receptor. These specifically identify the expressed fragment by Western blot but do not cross react with analogous polypeptides from the gamma 1, gamma 2 or gamma 3-subunits. Polyclonal antisera immunoprecipitated [3H]muscimol binding sites from several brain regions consistent with the reported distribution of delta-subunit mRNA and also detected the delta-subunit by Western blot, identifying a polypeptide of 55KDa. Receptors immunoprecipitated from rat brain with the delta-antisera exhibited an atypical profile with respect to their radioligand binding properties. Receptors immunoprecipitated from all regions tested bound [3H]muscimol, but did not bind benzodiazepine site ligands [3H]Ro 15,1788 or [3H]flunitrazepam with high affinity. Receptors containing a delta-subunit accounted for 10.7 +/- 2% of all GABAA receptors ([3H]muscimol binding sites) in the rat central nervous system as deduced from quantitative immunoprecipitation experiments, the largest population being in the cerebellum where approximately 27% of all receptors contained a delta-subunit. The pharmacology of the GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) binding site on receptors immunoprecipitated from cerebellum with gamma 2 and delta-antisera was compared. The rank order of potency of a series of 6 compounds to compete for [3H]muscimol binding sites was similar in these two populations, but muscimol had a significantly higher affinity for receptors containing the delta-subunit. These receptors therefore comprise a novel population of GABAA receptors which do not bind benzodiazepines but have a 5-fold higher affinity for muscimol. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Do tourists’ emotional experiences influence images and intentions in yoga tourism?

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of tourists’ emotional experiences on predicting behavioral intentions via cognitive, affective and overall image in yoga tourism. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted using data collected from 398 tourists visiting a yoga tourism destination in India. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used in analyzing the collected data. Findings The study confirmed that specific tourists’ emotions act as a predictor of cognitive, affective and overall image. This in turn influenced the behavioral intentions of tourists. The effect of specific emotions on affective image was stronger than on cognitive image in yoga tourism. Practical implications The marketing campaign of yoga tourism should highlight the special benefits of yoga to activate, stimulate and influence tourists toward yoga tourism, thereby improving the flow of future tourists. It would also help in better positioning and promoting yoga tourism as a unique and distinct niche tourism market. Originality/value This study contributed to the literature by understanding the predictive power of specific emotions on behavioral intentions via, cognitive, affective and overall image in yoga tourism. As far as the authors’ knowledge is concerned, this study is first known attempt to investigate such relationships in tourism literature.
Sexlessness among married Chinese adults in Hong Kong: prevalence and associated factors.

INTRODUCTION Despite recent media coverage in the topic of sexless marriages in East Asia, population-based studies examining the absence of sexual activity among nonelderly married individuals are scant. Previous studies have not simultaneously examined sociodemographic, physiological, and lifestyle predictors of sexless marriages. AIMS To determine the prevalence of past-year sexlessness and the associated factors among the married Chinese adults in Hong Kong. METHODS An anonymous, population-based telephone survey was conducted on 2,846 married Chinese men and women between the ages of 25 and 59 in Hong Kong. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence of past-year sexlessness and the associated factors and mental health symptoms were examined. RESULTS The prevalence of past-year sexlessness between the ages of 25-34 years, 35-44 years and 45-59 years was 5.5, 5.1, and 17.0%, respectively, among married males, and 8.3, 12.4, and 31.6%, respectively, among married females. Older age and poor spousal relationship were associated with sexlessness for females, whereas lack of interest in sex, older age, and lower education were significant factors for males. Married women demonstrated statistically significant associations between sexlessness and poorer mental health indicators, such as lower quality of life and being bothered by the unavailability of a sex partner. CONCLUSIONS Sexlessness is prevalent among certain subgroups of urban Chinese couples in Hong Kong, and the large discrepancy in sexlessness between married men and women in each age strata suggests a high prevalence of extramarital relationships. Contrary to commonly held beliefs, there was a stronger association between sexlessness and poorer psychosocial symptoms among married females than males. Sexless marriages are an underappreciated phenomenon among urban Chinese individuals.
Cooperation in Public Goods Games Predicts Behavior in Incentive‐Matched Binary Dilemmas: Evidence for Stable Prosociality

We report the results of an experiment in which subjects completed second mover public goods game tasks and second mover binary social dilemma tasks. Each task was completed under three different incentive structures which were matched across tasks. The use of non-linear incentive structures, along with a novel categorization method, allowed us to identify behavioral subtypes that cannot be distinguished using conventional linear incentive structures. We also examined how well behavior could be predicted across tasks. Subjects’ average conditional cooperation levels showed significant cross-task predictability and stability. However, almost a third of responses (28%) demonstrated unambiguous preference reversals across tasks. We argue that pro-sociality is best described as an individual-level trait, similar to risk aversion in choice under risk.
Efficacy of Verbenone for Protecting Ponderosa Pine Stands from Western Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Attack in California

ABSTRACT The western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is a major cause of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. , mortality in much of western North America. Currently, techniques for managing D. brevicomis infestations are limited. Verbenone (4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hept-3-en-2-one) is an antiaggregation pheromone of several Dendroctonus spp. , including D. brevicomis, and it has been registered as a biopesticide for control of mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, and southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. We evaluated the efficacy of a 5-g verbenone pouch [82%-(-); 50 mg/d] applied at 125 U/ha for protecting P. ponderosa stands (2 ha) from D. brevicomis attack over a 3-yr period. No significant differences in levels of D. brevicomis-caused tree mortality or the percentage of unsuccessfully attacked trees were found between verbenone-treated and untreated plots during each year or cumulatively over the 3-yr period. Laboratory analyses of release rates and chemical composition of volatiles emanating from verbenone pouches after field exposure found no deterioration of the active ingredient or physical malfunction of the release device. The mean release rate of pouches from all locations and exposure periods was 44.5 mg/ d. In a trapping bioassay, the range of inhibition of the 5-g verbenone pouch was determined to be statistically constant 2 m from the release device. We discuss the implications of these and other results to the development of verbenone as a semiochemical-based tool for management of D. brevicomis infestations in P. ponderosa stands.
FAMA AND FRENCH THREE FACTOR MODEL APPLICATION IN THE PAKISTAN STOCK EXCHANGE (PSE)

Purpose: This research has been carried out to test empirically the application of Fama and French three factor model on Pakistan Stock Exchange covering forty listed companies using annual data from 1984 to 2012. Methodology: Author selected excess return as dependent variable and three independent variables market risk, size of the firm and the book to market value of the firms in the portfolio. To test the hypotheses, author used panel least square method. Findings: Result shows that all independent variables are significant and have sign as predicted by theoretical understanding. From our result we interpret that three factors model explain returns in its simplified form on long term horizon better than single factor model like CAPM. Implication: The findings of the research paper suggest that developing economy like Pakistan investor and portfolio manager can better understand by applying multiple variable models and its modified form rather than only relying on CAMP covariance sensitivity model.
Recurrent ischaemia during continuous multilead ST-segment monitoring identifies patients with acute coronary syndromes at high risk of adverse cardiac events; meta-analysis of three studies involving 995 patients.

AIMS Recurrent ischaemia, detected by continuous ECG monitoring, in patients with unstable angina increases the risk of unfavourable outcome. Studies that evaluated this relationship have been limited by the small series of patients. By combining data from three studies, the present analysis aims to provide an accurate assessment of the impact of recurrent ischaemia detected by multilead ECG-ischaemia monitoring on the occurrence of death and myocardial infarction in patients with acute coronary syndromes. METHODS AND RESULTS Data were obtained from CAPTURE, PURSUIT and FROST, three trials evaluating glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockers in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes. Patients were monitored for 24 h after enrollment with a computer-assisted 12-lead or a vectorcardiographic ECG-ischaemia monitoring device. In a retrospective blinded analysis, recurrent ischaemic episodes were identified by a computer algorithm. The number of ischaemic episodes was normalized to 24 h. Ischaemic episodes were detected in 271 (27%) of 995 patients. There was a direct proportional relationship between the number of ischaemic episodes per 24 h and the probability of cardiac events at 5 and 30 days. The 30-day composite of death and myocardial infarction occurred in 5.7% of patients without episodes and increased to 19.7% in patients with >/=5 episodes. After adjustment for baseline predictors of adverse outcome, the relative risk of death or myocardial infarction at 5 and 30 days increased by 25% for each additional ischaemic episode per 24 h. CONCLUSIONS This analysis emphasizes the need for integration of multilead ECG-ischaemia monitoring systems in coronary care units and emergency wards to improve early risk stratification in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
Landscape Affects the Host-Seeking Patterns of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Coachella Valley of California

Abstract Effective arbovirus transmission requires that the principal vertebrate hosts and vectors have frequent contact. Vegetation and other landscape features used by roosting or nesting birds at night dictate their exposure to nocturnally active host-seeking Culex tarsalis Coquillett and therefore to western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. Precipitin tests on 645 Cx. tarsalis that were collected resting and host-seeking near the Salton Sea in Coachella Valley, CA, indicated that passeriform birds (64%) and rabbits (25%) were the most frequent bloodmeal hosts and that the percentage of females feeding on birds varied temporally as an inverse function of mosquito abundance. Blood meals were not taken from communally roosting water birds. The spatial distribution of host-seeking females then was investigated by deploying dry ice baited traps within seven sites representative of habitats found along the Salton Sea. Mosquito catch was greatest at traps within elevated vegetation such as Tamarisk, mesquite, cattails, and orchards and lowest at traps positioned at snags over water, sand bars, open fields, and within housing in a small rural community. These data indicate that host-seeking Cx. tarsalis females congregated at specific landscape features that were not necessarily associated with large concentrations of potential bloodmeal hosts.
In vivo microcomputed tomography evaluation of rat alveolar bone and root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement.

OBJECTIVE To observe the real-time microarchitecture changes of the alveolar bone and root resorption during orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 10 g force was delivered to move the maxillary left first molars mesially in twenty 10-week-old rats for 14 days. The first molar and adjacent alveolar bone were scanned using in vivo microcomputed tomography at the following time points: days 0, 3, 7, and 14. Microarchitecture parameters, including bone volume fraction, structure model index, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and trabecular separation of alveolar bone, were measured on the compression and tension side. The total root volume was measured, and the resorption crater volume at each time point was calculated. Univariate repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni corrections were performed to compare the differences in each parameter between time points with significance level at P < . 05. RESULTS From day 3 to day 7, bone volume fraction, structure model index, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation decreased significantly on the compression side, but the same parameters increased significantly on the tension side from day 7 to day 14. Root resorption volume of the mesial root increased significantly on day 7 of orthodontic loading. CONCLUSIONS Real-time root and bone resorption during orthodontic movement can be observed in 3 dimensions using in vivo micro-CT. Alveolar bone resorption and root resorption were observed mostly in the apical third on day 7 on the compression side; bone formation was observed on day 14 on the tension side during orthodontic tooth movement.
Outcome of Intravenous Azithromycin Therapy in Patients with Complicated Scrub Typhus Compared with That of Doxycycline Therapy Using Propensity-Matched Analysis

ABSTRACT There are no well-matched, controlled studies comparing azithromycin with doxycycline for the treatment of complicated scrub typhus. A retrospective propensity score-matched case-control study was performed for patients who presented with complicated scrub typhus and were treated with doxycycline or azithromycin between 2001 and 2011. Data on comorbidities, clinical manifestations, laboratory studies, treatments, and outcomes were extracted for analysis. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of the azithromycin-treated group (n = 73) were compared to those of the doxycycline-treated group (n = 108). Of 181 patients, 73 from each group were matched by propensity scores. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the matched groups. The treatment success and survival rates were not significantly different (89% [65/73 patients] versus 96% [70/73 patients] and 96% [70/73 patients] versus 96% [70/73 patients], respectively [P > 0.05]). No difference was observed in the time to defervescence or length of hospital stay between the two groups (P > 0.05). In complicated scrub typhus patients (n = 181), multivariate analysis showed that only APACHE II score was an independent risk factor for mortality (95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.56; P < 0.001). Our data suggest that outcomes of azithromycin therapy are comparable to those of doxycycline therapy in patients with complicated scrub typhus.
THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION ON ENERGY INTENSITY: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA

The present study not only focuses on single measure of technological innovation but included three core dynamics of measuring technological innovations. These include Research and Development expenditures, High-tech exports and patents by residents. This kind of extensive examination will provide greater understanding regarding which form of technological innovation have the tendency to curtail or augment levels of energy intensity in Indonesia. The awareness derived from such broad inspection would be able to identify not only the overall contribution of technological innovations in affecting country’s power intensity but highlight the specific role of each form of innovation in influencing energy intensity levels and the particular association to guide effective policy making process. The current study has adopted the refined methodology of Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) bound testing approach to examine the dynamic relationship among energy intensity and technology innovation with amplified understanding of the critical association to support the course of economic planning and policy making. The results of ARDL bound testing approach confirm that high technology exports, research and development expenditure and number of registered patents are strong determinants of energy inefficiency in Indonesia. Likewise, the outcomes affirm that all the three proxies of technology innovation have a constructive and negative effect on energy inefficiency in Indonesia which implies that the high technology exports, number of registered patents and R&D expenditure are the main source of reducing energy inefficiency in Indonesia in the long run and short run. Also, the results of Granger causality method confirm a bi-directional causal relationship between energy intensity and technology innovation in Indonesia.
The Greek crisis: a story of self-reinforcing feedback mechanisms

Abstract While there seems to be a well-established consensus about the underlying causes to the Greek crisis, less is known about internal and external transmission mechanisms that ultimately caused unemployment to increase rapidly over this period. Motivated by the structural slumps theory in Phelps (Structural slumps, 1994), the paper attempts, therefore, to uncover the dynamic mechanisms behind prices, interest rates, and external imbalances that contributed to the severity and the length of the crisis. The authors find that the strongly increasing real bond rate and unemployment rate together with an persistently appreciating real exchange rate and a deterioration of competitiveness in the eurozone have contributed to persistently growing structural imbalances in the Greek economy. As the lack of confidence in the Greek economy grew steadily, the scene was set for a monumental structural slump. Over the crisis period, all variables exhibited self-reinforcing feedback adjustment somewhere in the system except for inflation rate. Unemployment took the burden of adjustment when the bond rate sky rocketed, competitiveness deteriorated, and confidence fell.
Antioxidative properties of the essential oil from Pinus mugo.

The essential oil from Pinus mugo (PMEO) was tested on its antioxidative capacity. For this purpose, several biochemical test systems were chosen (e.g., the Fenton System, the xanthine oxidase assay, or the copper-induced oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)). The results show that there is moderate or weak antioxidative activity when tested in aqueous environments, like in the Fenton system, xanthine oxidase induced superoxide radical formation, or in the HOCl driven fragmentation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). In contrast, when tested in more lipophilic environments (e.g., the ACC-cleavage by activated neutrophils in whole blood) the PMEO exhibits good antioxidative activity. PMEO does also show good antioxidative capacity in another lipophilic test system (i.e., the copper induced oxidation of LDL). Some components of PMEO (i.e., Delta(3)-carene, camphene, alpha-pinene, (+)-limonene and terpinolene) were also tested. As the PMEO, they showed weak or no antioxidant activity in aqueous environments, but some of them were effective antioxidants regarding ACC-cleavage by activated neutrophils in whole blood or copper-induced LDL-oxidation. Terpinolene, a minor component of PMEO, exhibited remarkable protection against LDL-oxidation.
Neonatal Outcomes of Low-Risk, Late-Preterm Twins Compared With Late-Preterm Singletons.

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the risk of neonatal morbidity among late-preterm twins is similar to that of late-preterm singletons. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all women with twin or singleton pregnancy who gave birth during the late-preterm period in a single tertiary center between 2008 and 2015. Neonatal outcomes of low-risk, late-preterm twins were compared with those of low-risk, late-preterm singletons. The primary outcome was the same primary composite respiratory morbidity variable that was used in the randomized controlled trial of Gyamfi-Bannerman et al on the administration of antenatal corticosteroids during the late-preterm period. RESULTS A total of 922 singleton and 721 twin late-preterm neonates met the inclusion criteria. The rates of composite respiratory morbidity and severe composite respiratory morbidity were similar for twins and singletons (8.3% compared with 7.4%, P=.5 and 6.8% compared with 6.0%, P=.5, respectively), but were lower than the rates of the same composite respiratory morbidity variable in the randomized controlled study described previously. The odds for respiratory morbidity were similar for twins and singletons for both composite respiratory morbidity (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.73, 95% CI 0.48-1.12) and severe composite respiratory morbidity (adjusted OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.50-1.24). CONCLUSION The risk of respiratory morbidity among late-preterm twins is similar to that of late-preterm singletons. Still, the low absolute rates of the composite respiratory morbidity in our population suggest that administration of antenatal corticosteroids may be mostly justified among neonates born closer to 34 weeks of gestation.
Klebsiella species: antimicrobial susceptibilities, bactericidal kinetics, and in vitro inactivation of beta-lactam agents

In vitro properties of 19 antimicrobial agents were tested with 56 isolates of Klebsiella spp. The aminoglycosides and the new beta-lactam compounds cefotaxime and moxalactam were the most inhibitory drugs tested. Chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were moderately active, whereas piperacillin, mezlocillin, and furazlocillin were ineffective against 25% of the isolates. Gentamicin was the only agent tested that was uniformly bactericidal in time-kill experiments with drug concentrations of four times the minimal inhibitory concentration. In combination studies with gentamicin, moxalactam and furazlocillin each increased the rate of bacterial killing for three of five isolates as compared with gentamicin alone, whereas chloramphenicol significantly retarded the rate of bacterial killing for the same number of strains. Furazlocillin was completely inactivated after 24 h of incubation with each of five selected strains. The inactivation of moxalactam, cefoxitin, and cephalothin was 36, 56, and 72%, respectively. In all instances in which these four agents were inactivated to levels below the minimal bactericidal concentration, there was accelerated growth after initial inhibition. However, regrowth also occurred in three instances in which drug levels were higher than the minimal bactericidal concentration. Retesting after drug exposure revealed a 4- to 32-fold rise in the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration in two of these isolates.