Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Gastric adenocarcinoma in young adults; comparative study with older patients].

BACKGROUND Gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) has been considered a disease of elderly age and has been rarely reported in patients younger than 35 years of age. The aim of thisΩ demographic, clinicopathological and prognosis of gastric cancer in young patients and to compare their features with the behavior in elder adults. METHODS Between 1993 and 2008, 1536 patients with GA were enrolled in a retrospective database. Clinical and pathologic features of thirty patients aged 35 years or less (young group) were compared with those of 458 aged 75 years or more (elder group). RESULTS Mean patient age was 31 and 80-years old in the young and elder groups, respectively, with a predominance of females in the last group (61%). Lauren diffuse type carcinoma was more frequent in people younger than 35 years (70%) than in older patients (17.4%). Main symptoms were dyspepsia (40%) and hemorrhage (20%). The most common T stage in young and elder patients was T3 (52.9% and 56.7% respectively). Surgical resection was performed in 68% of cases and the rest received only systemic chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Gastric adenocarcinoma is rare in young patients and most cases presented at advanced clinical stage similar to elderly patients, so the prognosis in both age groups is poor. For this reason is important to be aware of alarm symptoms and risk factors in order to perform an early endoscopic diagnosis and a treatment with curative intent.
Particulate Matter–Induced Health Effects: Who Is Susceptible?

We read with great interest a recent review by Sacks et al. (2011) and would like to add some comments to facilitating effects of particulate matter (PM) on preexisting respiratory diseases. First of all, the adverse effects of PM/diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathophysiology seem to be controversial. Subjects with pulmonary emphysema are epidemiologically susceptible to PM (Dockery et al. 1993; Euler et al. 1987; MacNee and Donaldson 2003; Thishan Dharshana and Coowanitwong 2008). Further, as noted by Sacks et al. (2011), Lopes et al. (2009) have experimentally shown that chronic (2 months) exposure to an ambient level (mean concentration, 34 µg/m3) of PM10 (PM < 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter) worsens murine emphysema induced by papain. In contrast, in our previous study (Inoue et al. 2010) we did not obtain apparent evidence that a single intratracheal administration of DEP [200 µg/animal, a dose high enough to worsen infectious lung injury (Takano et al. 2002)] exacerbates porcine pancreatic elastase–elicited pulmonary emphysema in mice. Possible explanations for this opposite phenomenon may include differences in animal strains or species, pathological conditions (type and/or degree of emphysematous inflammation), and/or DEP exposure protocols (route, dose, timing, duration, and/or terminal point). Additional in-depth studies will be required to conclude PM/DEP has adverse effects on COPD pathophysiology. Secondly, from a biological point of view, pulmonary fibrosis (PF) should be added to the list of PM-susceptible respiratory diseases. Recently, Decologne et al. (2010) showed that exposure to carbon black nanoparticles exacerbates bleomycin-induced PF in mice. More recently, we demonstrated that a single intratracheal instillation of tiny carbon black nanoparticles (14 nm) at a dose of 10 µg/mouse aggravates PF, suggesting that exposure to trace amounts of PM can exacerbate pathophysiology (Kamata et al. 2011). Accordingly, careful attention should be paid to PF patients who are at risk of environmental and occupational exposure to PM, although further basic and clinical research is necessary.
Use of protective equipment in a cohort of rugby players.

PURPOSE To describe the level of usage of protective devices and equipment in a cohort of New Zealand rugby players. METHODS Male and female players (N = 327) from a range of competitive grades were followed over the course of the season. Participants were interviewed weekly about their participation in rugby and use of protective equipment. The main outcome measure was percentage of all player-weeks of follow-up for which each equipment item was used. RESULTS Mouthguards, the most commonly used equipment item, were worn for 64.9% of player-weeks. Mouthguard usage ranged from 55.0% of player-weeks in Schoolgirls grade to 72.9% of player-weeks in Senior A competition. The next most common item was taping of body joints (23.7% of player-weeks). The sites most commonly taped were the ankle, knee, and hand. Overall usage for the other protective equipment items studied (shin guards, padded headgear, head tape, support sleeves, and grease) was below 15%. In general, forwards had higher usage of protective equipment than backs, and male players had higher usage than female players. The most common self-reported reasons for using protective equipment were to prevent injury and because of a past injury. Players exhibited considerable week-to-week variation in their usage of protective equipment. CONCLUSIONS In general, equipment usage was highest in those at greatest risk of injury, namely, forwards, male players, and the senior grades. The high voluntary use of mouthguards is encouraging and indicative of a base of player support for their role in this sport.
Comparison between acidogenic and methanogenic inhibition caused by linear alkylbenzene-sulfonate (LAS)

The anaerobic mixed microbiote may be inhibited through different mechanisms: inhibition by product or substrate, by the physical characteristics of the medium (pH or temperature), and by inhibitory substances, organic or inorganic. Biological activity tests have been the most widely used, of different experimental procedures known, to evaluate the toxicity of various compounds in anaerobic processes. The present study evaluates the inhibitory effect of the anionic surfactant LAS (linear alkylbenzene-sulfonate) on the main anaerobic microbiotes (acidogenic and methanogenic) involved in anaerobic digestion in a reactor treating organic wastewater in the thermophilic range, by means of specific activity tests. Inhibition functions are obtained for inhibition in both microbiotes. The EC 50 (the concentration that reduces by half the activity of a population) is also calculated, giving EC 50 (meth)=6.3 ppm, and EC 50 (acid)= 18.9 ppm. The results show that the methanogenic microbiote is more sensitive to LAS than the acidogenic.
A Study on the Shelf Life of Minimally Processed Apple with Edible Coatings

In this experiment the effect of edible coating (ap ricot gum) was used to extend the shelf life of app le slices. The edible coating was applied at different concentrations i.e . 0.5, 1, 2 and 3%. Physicochemical characteristic s of edible coated apple slices were analyzed at different time intervals. T he analysis was carried out for 12 days with an int erval of 4 days. Results showed that the treatments and storage intervals ha d significant (p<0.05) effect on both moisture and total soluble solids of apple slices. Moisture content was decreased from 7 8.66% to 73.11% whereas Total Soluble Solids (TSS) were increased from 8 to 10 o Brix during 12 days storage of apple slices.
Comprehensive, Individualized, Person-Centered Management of Community-Residing Persons with Moderate-to-Severe Alzheimer Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background/Aims: The aim was to examine added benefits of a Comprehensive, Individualized, Person-Centered Management (CI-PCM) program to memantine treatment. Methods: This was a 28-week, clinician-blinded, randomized, controlled, parallel-group study, with a similar study population, similar eligibility criteria, and a similar design to the memantine pivotal trial of Reisberg et al. [N Engl J Med 2003;348:1333-1341]. Twenty eligible community-residing Alzheimer disease (AD) subject-caregiver dyads were randomized to the CI-PCM program (n = 10) or to usual community care (n = 10). Primary outcomes were the New York University Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change Plus Caregiver Input (NYU-CIBIC-Plus), assessed by one clinician set, and an activities of daily living inventory, assessed by a separate clinician set at baseline and at weeks 4, 12, and 28. Results: Primary outcomes showed significant benefits of the CI-PCM program at all post-baseline evaluations. Improvement on the NYU-CIBIC-Plus in the management group at 28 weeks was 2.9 points over the comparator group. The memantine 2003 trial showed an improvement of 0.3 points on this global measure in memantine-treated versus placebo-randomized subjects at 28 weeks. Hence, globally, the management program intervention benefits were 967% greater than memantine treatment alone. Conclusion: These results are approximately 10 times those usually observed with both nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatments and indicate substantial benefits with the management program for advanced AD persons.
A mature cluster with X-ray emission at z = 2.07

We report evidence of a fully established galaxy cluster at z = 2.07, consisting of a ∼20σ overdensity of red, compact spheroidal galaxies spatially coinciding with extended X-ray emission detected with XMM-Newton. We use VLT VIMOS and FORS2 spectra and deep Subaru, VLT and Spitzer imaging to estimate the redshift of the structure from a prominent z = 2.07 spectroscopic redshift spike of emission-line galaxies, concordant with the accurate 12-band photometric redshifts of the red galaxies. Using NICMOS and Keck AO observations, we find that the red galaxies have elliptical morphologies and compact cores. While they do not form a tight red sequence, their colours are consistent with that of a 1.3 Gyr population observed at z ∼ 2.1. From an X-ray luminosity of 7.2 × 10 43 erg s −1 and the stellar mass content of the red galaxy population, we estimate a halo mass of 5.3–8 × 10 13 M� , comparable to the nearby Virgo cluster. These properties imply that this structure could be the most distant, mature cluster known to date and that X-ray luminous, elliptical-dominated clusters are already forming at substantially earlier epochs than previously known.
Neural Network-Based Model-Free Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Control for Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems With Sensor Fault

In this paper, the main focus is to cope with the fault detection and estimation (FDE) and fault-tolerant control (FTC) issues of nonlinear single input single output model-free system (MFS), while only the input/output data are utilized. First, in accordance with the pseudo-partial-derivative approach, the original system is transformed into a compact form dynamic linearization data model, in which only one parameter is employed. Second, an estimator is developed to detect the fault. A key highlight is the design of a time varying residual threshold. Moreover, an online neural network (NN) approximator is utilized to learn the unknown fault dynamics and an FTC strategy is reconstructed based on the optimality criterion. In contrast to the previous methods, the main features of the proposed method are as follows: 1) the fault related problem is solved for MFS; 2) the number of system parameters is largely reduced; and 3) NNs are utilized to establish a novel fault estimation scheme. Finally, a numerical simulation is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed FDE and FTC strategy.
A weighted-average scheme for accurate FDTD modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation in conductive media

The letter presents a new finite-difference scheme for the incorporation of conductive media into finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulators. The method is based on the approximation of the current density term by a weighted average with coefficients that are not known a priori. The optimum values of these coefficients are determined by minimizing the dispersion error inside the conductor. The cases of single-frequency and wide-band FDTD simulations are discussed. The superior performance of the proposed scheme over other existing approaches is shown.
Buprenorphine in end stage renal failure

A number of studies have now served to emphasise the dangers of prescribing opioid drugs in end stage renal failure patients. Buprenorphine is a strong analgesic which may be given ~ublingually;~ it has high systemic clearances and presumed, largely hepatic metabolism. It should therefore be safe in patients with abnormal renal function. We have studied the kinetics of buprenorphine in five patients with end stage renal failure. Buprenorphine 0.3 mg was injected intravenously into a peripheral vein over one minute. Arterialised blood samples were withdrawn before injection and at time intervals to 180 minutes. Drug concentrations were measured by a specific radioimmunoassay technique and the plasma centrations werecompared to the 95% confidence limits of the healthy group, three of the five patients with end stage renal failure lay outside these limits. The AUCo for the five renal patients was 533 min.ng/ml (SEM 116), and for the 10 healthy patients 246 min.ng/ ml (SEM 18); these were not significantly different. The (p < 0.02) than the postoperative patients and had altered biochemical and haematological tests: mean (SEM) urea 30.7 (3.6) mmol/litres; mean (SEM) creatinine 1109 (160) ymol/litre; mean (SEM) haemoglobin 8.8 (1.2) gm/dl. Figure 1 shows the individual data from the five patients with end stage renal failure, together with the mean (SEM) for the healthy postoperative patients (hatched area). There were no significant differences between the mean concentrations of the two groups, except at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 80 minutes after injection (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). When the individual patient concentrations were compared to the 95% confidence limits of the healthy group, three of the five patients with end stage renal failure lay outside these limits. The A U C O ~ for the five renal patients was 533 min.ng/ml (SEM 116), and for the 10 healthy patients 246 min.ng/ml (SEM 18); these were not significantly different. The end stage renal failure patients showed no clinical evidence of sedation or respiratory depression throughout the duration of this study. There are a number of caveats: altered haemodynamics, age and altered regional blood flow following surgery, but this study is important for two reasons. Firstly, it demonstrates the lack of any significant difference in the distribution of buprenorphine in our two groups. Secondly, there were no clinical sequelae. This is in contrast to the altered distribution with prolonged sedation and respiratory depression seen when morphine and its cogeners are used in end stage renal failure patients. Buprenorphine in these patients would, therefore, appear worthy of further study with a longer sampling period. 0 60 I20 180 Mi nutrs
Prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in ulcerative colitis patients undergoing proctocolectomy and ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis

Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) among patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) needing proctocolectomy. Methods: The study sample included 441 consecutive patients who underwent proctocolectomy with ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis from 1993 to 2004 at the Helsinki University Central Hospital. Liver biopsy samples were taken at operation. Patient groups with and without PSC were compared. Results: PSC was present in 52 (11.8%) patients. Only 19 of these had been diagnosed before surgery; 40 patients with PSC were detected by liver biopsy at the operation, making the sensitivity of perioperative liver biopsy to diagnose PSC 83.3%. The cumulative incidence of colorectal dysplasia or cancer in the UC patients with PSC (19% after 10 years and 43% after 20 years) was not significantly different than that of UC patients without PSC (24% after 10 years and 39% after 20 years). Pouchitis occurred more often in patients with PSC (25 of 52; 48.1% versus 101 of 389, 26.0%; P = 0.001). The failure rate of ileal pouch–anal anastomosis did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. Conclusions: The prevalence of PSC among patients with UC needing proctocolectomy was higher than in patients with UC in general. Liver biopsy can be recommended as a safe adjunct at proctocolectomy for surveillance of any liver effects.
Anuran Calcitonins are Diverse in Lower Vertebrates

Abstract We investigated the nucleotide sequences of cDNA fragments coding calcitonin from ultimobranchial glands in 2 species of urodelans (1 salamander and 1 newt) and 4 species of anurans (1 toad and 3 frogs) by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR method. The salamander and newt calcitonins were each 97% and 94% similar to the lungfish and caiman calcitonins that we have already reported, in the amino acid sequences. However, anuran calcitonins were not only dissimilar (63–81%) to the lungfish and caiman calcitonins but also diversified (59–91%) even among anurans. The sequence identity of toad calcitonin was always low (59–66%) among anurans.
Eruption chronology of the permanent dentition in Spanish children.

BACKGROUND Little information is available regarding the eruption chronology of Spanish children. Therefore, it is important to acquire accurate eruption parameters for the Spanish population. AIM To establish the chronology of the permanent dentition. DESIGN A cross-sectional study based on a sample of 1123 Spanish Caucasian children ranging from 5 to 15 years of age, from three different schools in Barcelona, Spain. RESULTS The sample is representative of the Spanish population with regards to age, height and weight; and large enough to achieve the desired 95% confidence level. The results appear in the eruption tables included in the body of this paper CONCLUSIONS In both boys and girls, the lower left central incisor is the first, and the upper right second molar is the last tooth to erupt. Mandibular teeth tend to erupt before the corresponding maxillary teeth; however there is no difference between the left and right sides of each arch. The results obtained are in agreement with similar studies performed in other groups of Caucasian children.
Superstars and me : Predicting the impact of role models on the self

The authors propose that superstars are most likely to affect self-views when they are considered relevant. Relevant superstars provoke self-enhancement and inspiration when their success seems attainable but self-deflation when it seems unattainable. Participants' self-views were affected only when the star's domain of excellence was self-relevant. Relevant stars provoked self-enhancement and inspiration when their success seemed attainable in that participants either still had enough time to achieve comparable success or believed their own abilities could improve over time. Open-ended responses provided rich evidence of inspiration in these circumstances. Relevant stars provoked, if anything, self-deflation when their success seemed unattainable in that participants either had already missed the chance to achieve comparable success or viewed their abilities as fixed and so unlikely to improve.
Enhancing Analysts' Mental Models for Improving Requirements Elicitation: A Two-stage Theoretical Framework and Empirical Results

: Research has extensively documented the importance of accurate system requirements in avoiding project delays, cost overruns, and system malfunctions. Requirement elicitation (RE) is a critical step in determining system requirements. While much research on RE has emerged, a deeper understanding of three aspects could help significantly improve RE: 1) insights about the role and impacts of support tools in the RE process, 2) the impact of using support tools in multiple stages of the RE process, and 3) a clear focus on the multiplicity of perspectives in assessing RE outcomes. To understand how using support tools could improve RE, we rely on the theoretical lens of mental models (MM) to develop a dynamic conceptual model and argue that analysts form mental models (MMs) of the system during RE and these MMs impact their outcome performance. We posit that one can enhance analysts’ MMs by using a knowledge-based repository (KBR) of components and services embodying domain knowledge specific to the target application during two key stages of RE, which results in improved RE outcomes. We measured the RE outcomes from user and analyst perspectives. The knowledge-based component repository we used in this research (which we developed in collaboration with a multi-national company) focused on insurance claim processing. The repository served as the support tool in RE in a multi-period lab experiment with multiple teams of analysts. The results supported the conceptualized model and showed the significant impacts of such tools in supporting analysts and their performance outcomes at two stages of RE. This work makes multiple contributions: it offers a theoretical framework for understanding and enhancing the RE process, develops measures for analysts’ mental models and RE performance outcomes, and shows the process by which one can improve analysts’ RE performance through access to a KBR of components at two key stages of the RE process.
Chromosome 11q rearrangements in B non Hodgkin's lymphoma

Summary. The clinical features, morphology and immunophenotype of 20 cases of B non Hodgkin's lymphoma (B‐NHL) with chromosome abnormalities involving 11q13–14 were studied, to determine if this abnormality was closely associated with a specific sub‐type of β‐NHL. A t(11:14)(q13;q32) was found in 11 cases of intermediately differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (IDLL). A breakpoint in the major translocation cluster of the BCL‐. 1 locus was found in six of these cases. These patients were male with lymphomatous involvement of the bone marrow, marked splenomegaly and frequently had mucosa associated lymphoid tissue involvement. One patient with IDLL had a t(8;11)(p21;q13) and a rearranged BCL‐1 locus, suggesting that this may be a variant of t(11;14)(q13;q32). Diagnoses of IDLL, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and monocytoid B cell lymphoma were made in all but one of the remaining cases. These cases had either a translocation involving 1 Iq13–14 and various partner chromosomes or an 11q13 deletion. This study demonstrates that 11q abnormalities occur mainly in a group of low‐grade B‐NHL of non follicle centre cell lineage.
Detection of PML‐retinoic acid receptor‐α fusion transcripts in acute promyelocytic leukemia with trisomy 8 but without t(15;17)

Chromosome translocation t(15;17), the breakpoints of which are in the PML gene on chromosome 15 and retinoic acid receptor‐α (RARα) gene on chromosome 17, is specifically found in acute promyelocytlc leukemia (APL). Clinically typical APL without t(15;17) and with the PML‐RARα fusion transcripts or rearrangements in PML and/or RARα gene has been reported, suggesting submicroscopic changes at the molecular level without apparent t(15;17) or observation of normal metaphases. Trisomy 8 is common in APL as a secondary chromosomal abnormality in addition to t(15;17), as well as in acute myelogenous leukemia in general, but it is rare as a sole chromosomal anomaly in APL. PML‐RARα fusion transcript was detected in an APL case with trisomy 8 but without t(15;17), indicating that the leukemic cells lacked t(15;17) and still expressed the PML‐RARα fusion transcripts. This indicates that the same submicroscopic molecular changes as in APL with t(15;17) do occur in APL without t(15;17) and supports the use of molecular analysis for PML‐RARα fusion in APL. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.