Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Organizational Health Literacy in a Group of Public, Private and University Hospitals in Istanbul

Amac: Bu calismanin amaci Istanbul’daki bir grup devlet, ozel ve universite hastanesinde kurumsal saglik okuryazarliginin arastirilmasi ve karsilastirilmasidir. Gerec ve Yontem: Bu kesitsel arastirma Istanbul’daki 30 hastanede (10 devlet, 10 universite ve 10 ozel hastane) yapilmistir. Kurumsal Saglik Okuryazarligi (OHLO) formu her hastane icin arastirmacilar tarafindan, yapilan gozlemlere gore doldurulmustur. Ayrica her hastaneden altisar yoneticiye yuz yuze gorusmeler sirasinda Saglik Okuryazari Kurumlar Anketi (HLHO-10) uygulanmistir. Bulgular: OHLO ve HLHO-10 sonuclari ozel hastanelerde en yuksek, universite hastanelerinde ise en dusuk bulunmustur, fakat gruplar arasindaki istatistiksel olarak onemli degildir (sirasiyla p=0.18 ve p = 0.45). OHLO formu sonuclariyla yonetici degerlendirmesi HLHO-10 sonuclari arasinda ozel hastanelerde pozitif yonde bir korelasyon mevcuttur ve istatistiksel olarak onemlidir (r = 0.668, p=0.035). U niversite hastaneleri ve devlet hastanelerinde ise negatif yonde bir korelasyon vardir, fakat istatistiksel olarak onemli degildir (sirasiyla r=-0.310, p=0.384 ve r=-0.118, p=0.746). HLHO-10 anketinin maddelerine verilen yanitlarin ortalamalari karsilastirildiginda ‘’Erisim Imkani’’ en yuksek ortalamaya sahiptir. Bunu ‘’Entegrasyon’’, ‘’Riskli Durumlar’’ ve ‘’Maliyet Bilgisi’’ maddeleri izlemektedir. ‘’Erisim Imkani’’ universite hastanesi ve devlet hastanlerinde en yuksek ortalamaya sahipken ‘’Maliyet Bilgisi’’ ise ozel hastanelerde en yuksek ortalamaya sahiptir. Hastanelere gore HLHO-10 maddeleri karsilastirildiginda ‘’Okuryazarlik Becerileri’’, ‘’Maliyet Bilgisi’’ puan ortalamalari istatistiksel olarak onemli duzeyde farkli bulunmustur. (sirasiyla p= 0.011, 0.018). Yapilan post hoc analizlerde bu farklarin ‘’Okuryazarlik Becerileri’’ ogesinde devlet ve ozel hastaneler, ‘’Maliyet Bilgisi’’ ogesinde ise universite ve ozel hastaneler arasindaki farktan kaynaklandigi tespit edilmistir. Sonuc: OHLO ve HLHO-10 anketleri sonuclarina gore ozel hastaneler en yuksek universite hastaneleri ise en dusuk puan ortalamasina sahiptir. Ozel hastanelerde cepten odemeler hakkinda, devlet hastanelerinde ise kisisel saglik bilgileri hakkinda yuksek okuryazarlik duzeyi beklenen bir sonuctur. Universite hastaneleri, personellerinin saglik okuryazarligi egitimleri acisindan en dusuk puana sahiptir.
Fractionating controlled memory processes and recall of context in recognition memory: a case report

ABSTRACT Recollection has been described as both a recognition memory judgment requiring cognitive control and the ability to retrieve contextual information about a prior occurrence. At the core of this article is the question whether or not these two subcomponents of recollection are dissociable in amnesia. In three experiments, we explored the influence of exclusion task instructions on performance in a single case (CJ), with the view to understand the relative contributions of control and source memory to recognition memory decisions. First, contrasting findings were obtained between tasks requiring strategic control or source reports. Second, even though CJ displayed some residual source memory relative to the ability to strategically control this information, his source memory capacity was time-limited. Our findings resonate with the novel proposal that recollection draws heavily upon working memory resources, and provide an example of how amnesic patients might utilize residual working memory capacity to solve episodic memory tasks.
Gender Classification from Offline Handwriting Images Using Textural Features

Prediction of gender and other demographic attributes of individuals from handwriting samples offers an interesting basic, as well as applied research problem. The correlation between gender and the visual appearance of handwriting has been validated by a number of studies and the present study is based on the same idea. We exploit the textural measurements as the discriminating attribute between male and female writings. The textural information in a writing is captured by applying a bank of Gabor filters to the image of handwriting. The mean and standard deviation values of the filter responses are collected in matrix and the Fourier transform of the matrix is used as a feature. Classification is carried out using a feed forward neural network. The proposed technique evaluated on a subset of the QUWI database realized promising results under different experimental settings.
Efficient Analogy Completion with Word Embedding Clusters

Word embeddings have attracted much attention in recent years and have been heavily applied to many tasks in information retrieval, natural language processing and knowledge base construction. One of the most well noted aspects of word embeddings is their ability to capture relations between terms via simple vector offsets. This ability is often examined via the use of proportional analogy completion tasks. This task requires that the correct single term be returned by a system when prompted with the three other terms of a proportional analogy. This task usually involves a scan of all stored word embeddings which may be a relatively expensive operation when used as part of a larger system. In some preliminary experiments we show that it is quite easy to achieve significant speedups for analogy completion, with little loss of accuracy, via the use of a simple clustering solution of word vectors. Cluster trees have long been used to improve the efficiency of nearest neighbour retrieval but analogy completion has some additional structure due to the use of analogy completion formulas. We evaluate several configurations of word embedding clusters. Due to its relationship to tasks such as link prediction and knowledge base completion we believe that these results may be of interest to a wider group of people.
Professionswissen von Sachunterrichtslehrkräften: Zusammenhangsanalyse zur Wirkung von Ausbildungshintergrund und Unterrichtserfahrung auf das fachspezifische Professionswissen im Unterrichtsinhalt "Verbrennung"

Obwohl Sachunterrichtslehrkrafte alle Inhaltsbereiche des Sachunterrichts, wozu Naturwissenschaften, Sozialwissenschaften, Geschichte, Geographie und Technik zahlen, unterrichten sollen, umfasst die universitare Ausbildung in der Regel nur einen Teil hiervon. Diese Situation legt die Vermutung nahe, dass es Sachunterrichtslehrkraften an Professionswissen in einigen Inhaltsbereichen ihres Faches mangelt. Da aber Professionswissen zur Unterrichtsqualitat beitragt, geht die Studie der Frage nach, inwieweit das Professionswissen mit dem Ausbildungshintergrund zusammenhangt. Weiterhin wurde bisher nicht eindeutig geklart, welche Rolle Unterrichtserfahrung in Bezug auf Professionswissen spielt. Deshalb wird in der Studie auch der Zusammenhang von Unterrichtserfahrung und Professionswissen untersucht. Dazu wurden 203 Sachunterrichtslehrkrafte hinsichtlich ihres fachdidaktischen Wissens und Fachwissens zum Thema „Verbrennung“ befragt. Es zeigt sich, dass wahrend das fachdidaktische Wissen lediglich mit dem Ausbildungshintergrund zusammenhangt, das Fachwissen mit dem Ausbildungshintergrund und der Unterrichtserfahrung verknupft ist. Mogliche Implikationen fur die Lehrerbildung werden aus den Ergebnissen abgeleitet und diskutiert.
Herbal treatments for alleviating premenstrual symptoms: a systematic review

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a condition of cyclical and recurrent physical and psychological discomfort occurring 1 to 2 weeks before menstrual period. More severe psychological symptoms have been described for the premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). No single treatment is universally recognised as effective and many patients often turn to therapeutic approaches outside of conventional medicine. This systematic review is aimed at analysing the effects of herb remedies in the above conditions. Systematic literature searches were performed in electronic databases, covering the period January 1980 to September 2010. Randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were included. Papers quality was evaluated with the Jadad’ scale. A further evaluation of PMS/PMDD diagnostic criteria was also done. Of 102 articles identified, 17 RCTs were eligible and 10 of them were included. The heterogeneity of population included, study design and outcome presentation refrained from a meta-analysis. Vitex agnus castus was the more investigated remedy (four trials, about 500 women), and it was reported to consistently ameliorate PMS better than placebo. Single trials also support the use of either Gingko biloba or Crocus sativus. On the contrary, neither Evening primerose oil nor St. John Worth show an effect different than placebo. None of the herbs was associated with major health risks, although the reduced number of tested patients does not allow definitive conclusions on safety. Some herb remedies seem useful for the treatment of PMS. However, more RCTs are required to account for the heterogeneity of the syndrome.
Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism in type II diabetics with nephropathy

Nephropathy is an important and a frequent complication of long-term type II diabetic nephropathy. Strong evidence exists that genetic predisposition plays a major role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Recent studies have implicated association between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism and nephropathy. The deletion gene polymorphism of ACE gene has been shown to be associated with increased activity of this enzyme. This study examines the association of ACE I/D polymorphism with type II diabetes without nephropathy in 30 patients and type II diabetes with nephropathy in 30 patients. The results of the study suggest the association between the DD polymorphism and type II diabetes with nephropathy.
Are We Ready for Definitive Clinical Guidelines on Xylitol/Polyol Use?

In the past decades, numerous studies have looked at the anticaries effects of polyols, particularly xylitol, and a great many studies have focused on xylitol’s antimicrobial properties. Researched vehicles have mostly included chewing gums, followed by lozenges/candies, toothpastes, and others (e.g., syrup). Good evidence supports the claims that xylitol is non-cariogenic and has a dose-/frequency-dependent antimicrobial effect on dental plaque/mutans streptococci, and that polyol use is very safe. However, interpretation of caries data has been controversial, due in part to variability in study designs, formulations/dosages tested, and outcomes reported (e.g., many caries studies have a “no gum” control, limiting the interpretation of the polyol’s benefit; few studies have compared different polyols side-by-side, or in adults). Even when the level/strength of high-quality anticaries evidence is still limited, most recent systematic reviews have consistently concluded that the habitual use of sucrose-free xylitol or polyol-combination chewing gum/ lozenges is an effective adjunct in coronal caries prevention. Consequently, many health organizations worldwide are supporting this recommendation for at-risk populations. However, most experts agree that well-designed, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs) (focusing on efficacy, feasibility, adherence, dosage, vehicle, synergism with other preventive strategies, and cost) are still needed in target populations worldwide to reach definitive caries-preventive/therapeutic recommendations.
Representing 3‐D cloud radiation effects in two‐stream schemes: 1. Longwave considerations and effective cloud edge length

Current weather and climate models neglect 3‐D radiative transfer through cloud sides, which can change the cloud radiative effect (CRE) significantly. This two‐part paper describes the development of the SPeedy Algorithm for Radiative TrAnsfer through CloUd Sides (SPARTACUS) to capture these effects efficiently in a two‐stream radiation scheme for use in global models. The present paper concerns the longwave spectral region, where not much work has been done previously, although the limited previous work has suggested that radiative transfer through cloud sides increases the longwave surface CRE of shallow cumulus by around 30%. To assist the development of a longwave capability for SPARTACUS, we use a reference case of an isolated, isothermal, optically thick, cubic cloud in vacuum, for which 3‐D effects increase CRE by exactly 200%. It is shown that for any cloud shape, the 3‐D effect can be represented in SPARTACUS provided that correct account is made for (1) the effective zenith angle of diffuse radiation emitted from a cloud, (2) the spatial distribution of fluxes in the cloud, (3) cloud clustering that enhances the interception of emitted radiation by neighboring clouds, and (4) radiative smoothing leading to the effective cloud edge length being less than the measured value. We find empirically that the circumference of an ellipse fitted to a horizontal cross section through a cumulus cloud provides a good estimate of the radiatively effective cloud edge length, which provides some guidance to how cloud observations could be analyzed to extract their most important properties for radiation.
Assessment of Individual PACE Trial Data: in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Cognitive Behavioral and Graded Exercise Therapy are Ineffective, Do Not Lead to Actual Recovery and Negative Outcomes may be Higher than Reported

The PACE trial concluded that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Graded Exercise Therapy (GET) are moderately effective in managing Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and yielded a 22% recovery rate. Nonetheless, the recently released individual participant data shows that 13.3% of patients had already recovered, on one or both primary outcomes, upon entering the trial. Moreover, no one classified as recovered achieved the physical functioning, together with the fatigue scores, of the healthy sedentary controls from another trial by the PACE trial‘s lead principal investigator or achieved Kennedy‘s definition of recovery, whereby symptoms are eliminated and patients return to premorbid levels of functioning, due to CBT or GET (alone). Therefore, CBT and GET do not lead to actual recovery. After CBT and GET therapy, 59% and 61% of participants, respectively were labeled as improvers in the original paper, which was lowered by the PACE trial authors to 20% and 21% in the newly released papers in which they used the original protocol; nevertheless, only 3.7% and 6.3% were objective improvers in the objective 6-minute walk test as defined by the same improvement of 50% or more, as used by the trial itself, to classify someone as an improver. If the effect of Specialist Medical Care had been removed from the analysis, then 0% and 1.3% of patients improved objectively with CBT and GET, respectively. Highlighting the fact that unblinded trials like the PACE trial, should not rely on subjective primary outcomes, but use either objective primary outcomes alone, or combined with subjective primary outcomes, as a methodological safeguard against the erroneous inference of efficacy in its absence. The objective individual participant data shows that in up to 82.2% and 79.8% of ME patients their health might have been negatively affected by CBT and GET, respectively. The independent PACE trial review had shown that this proportion was between 46% and 96%, and found to be between 63% and 74% by surveys involving more than 3000 patients by the Norwegian, British, and the Dutch ME Associations. These data confirm the conclusions of a number of studies that patient health was negatively affected by CBT and GET, including one that found that in 82% of patients with severe ME their symptoms were made worse by GET. Analysis of the individual participant PACE trial data has shown that CBT and GET are ineffective and (potentially) harmful, which invalidates the assumption and opinion-based biopsychosocial model. Consequently, we should stop using CBT and GET as (compulsory) treatments for ME/ CFS to prevent further unnecessary suffering inflicted on patients by physicians, which is the worst of all harms, yet totally preventable.
Compensation of loss to approach –1 effective index by gain in metal-dielectric stacks

We propose a theoretical study of optimization of metal-dielectric multilayer in order to approach -1 effective refractive index for transverse magnetic waves and a wavelength in the visible. The absorption losses of metal appear to be a crucial factor that affects the effective properties of the multilayer. Taking advantage of the dispersion relation of Bloch modes, we show that the losses not only decrease the transmission of the stack, but also change the negatively refracted angle. Then, we propose that using a gain-providing semiconductor (GaN) may allow compensating for the losses in metal layers. In theory, the performances of the structure can be improved greatly when gain is involved. When considering finite thickness structures, and with appropriate thickness for the terminating layers, it is possible to obtain a high transmission of the structure. A near -1 effective index metal-dielectric stack with high transmission may pave the way to the realization of negative quasi-isotropic refraction in the visible or ultraviolet wavelength range.
Neuronal injury and tumor necrosis factor-alpha immunoreactivity in the rat hippocampus in the early period of asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest under normothermia

Low survival rate occurs in patients who initially experience a spontaneous return of circulation after cardiac arrest (CA). In this study, we induced asphyxial CA in adult male Sprague-Daley rats, maintained their body temperature at 37 ± 0.5°C, and then observed the survival rate during the post-resuscitation phase. We examined neuronal damage in the hippocampus using cresyl violet (CV) and Fluore-Jade B (F-J B) staining, and pro-inflammatory response using ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus after asphyxial CA in rats under normothermia. Our results show that the survival rate decreased gradually post-CA (about 63% at 6 hours, 37% at 1 day, and 8% at 2 days post-CA). Rats were sacrificed at these points in time post-CA, and no neuronal damage was found in the hippocampus until 1 day post-CA. However, some neurons in the stratum pyramidale of the CA region in the hippocampus were dead 2 days post-CA. Iba-1 immunoreactive microglia in the CA1 region did not change until 1 day post-CA, and they were activated (enlarged cell bodies with short and thicken processes) in all layers 2 days post-CA. Meanwhile, GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes did not change significantly until 2 days post-CA. TNF-α immunoreactivity decreased significantly in neurons of the stratum pyramidale in the CA1 region 6 hours post-CA, decreased gradually until 1 day post-CA, and increased significantly again 2 days post-CA. These findings suggest that low survival rate of normothermic rats in the early period of asphyxia-induced CA is related to increased TNF-α immunoreactivity, but not to neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 region.
Grwoth hormone, prolactin, and cortisol in dogs developing mammary nodules and an acromegaly-like appearance during treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate.

Concentrations of (GH) growth hormone, (PRI) prolactin, cortisol, progesterone, and (MPA) medroxyprogesterone acetate were determined by RIA in blood sera collected from beagle bitches 17 months after initiating treatment with MPA (75 mg/kg.3 months; n = 12) MPA vehicle (controls; n = 12), or progesterone implants which produced physiological levels of progesterone (13.8 + or - 2.1 ng/ml; n = 12). In the MPA-treated bitches, mean MPA levels were 104 + or - 6 ng/ml, mean GH levels were elevated (9.5 + or - 3.0 vs. 0.4 + or - 0.1 ng/ml; P 0.01); mean PRL levels were unchanged (13.7 + or - 2.8 vs. 12.6 + or - 1.2 ng/ml); and mean cortisol levels were suppressed (1.7 + or - 0.2 vs. 13.7 + or - 1.4 ng/ml; P 0.01) in comparison to those in control animals. None of these parameters was significantly affected by progesterone treatment. External signs of an acromegaly-like condition and large mammary gland nodules (diameters, 5 mm) were noted in, and limited to, 9 bitches with elevated ( 2.5 ng/ml) GH levels (12.8 + or - 3.0 ng/ml). These were 8 MPA-treated bitches which developed the acromegal-like condition during treatment and 1 progesterone-treated bitch which appeared acromegalic before treatment and in which the condition was considered to have developed spontaneously. The data suggest that the acromegaly-like changes and large mammary nodules in dogs administered the contraceptive progestin MPA occurred as a result of MPA-induced elevations in GH. The results do not preclude the possibility that the MPA-induced suppression of cortisol and/or the direct action of MPA on the mammary glands also contributed to mammary nodule formation. MPA-treated dogs may also provide a unique experimental model for studying chronic elevations in endogenous GH levels and for testing compounds for their ability to suppress GH levels.
Metabolic syndrome in people suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Previous reports showed a high prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia among people suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there is a lack of reviews that systematically analyze the relationship between PTSD and metabolic syndrome. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at estimating the association between PTSD and metabolic syndrome. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. We included observational studies assessing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a sample with PTSD and in a comparison group without PTSD. Data were analyzed using Review manager 5.1. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were used as an association measure for pooled analysis, based on a random-effects model. RESULTS Six articles were eligible according to the inclusion criteria, for an overall number of 528 individuals suffering from PTSD and 846 controls without PTSD. The pooled OR for metabolic syndrome for people with PTSD was 1.37 (1.03-1.82). Statistical heterogeneity between the included studies was low (I(2)=22%). CONCLUSIONS Despite some limitations, the findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed our hypothesis that individuals suffering from PTSD have a greater risk of metabolic syndrome. The potential role of unknown factors or mediators that might clarify the nature of this association needs further research.
Purification and characterization of chymosin and pepsin from kid

The objective of this work was to study the characteristics of the gastric aspartic proteinases chymosin and pepsin which are constituents of the kid rennet. The two enzymes were extracted from abomasal tissue of one kid from a local indigenous breed, separated from each other by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and then were purified by gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography. The molecular weights of the purified kid chymosin and pepsin as determined by gel filtration were 36 kDa and 40 kDa respectively. The isoelectric point of kid chymosin was as multiple forms of 3–6 zones at pH 4·6–5·1, while that of kid pepsin was at pH [les ]3·0. Kid pepsin contained 0·37 molecules phosphorous per molecule and was totally inhibited by 5 μM pepstatin A, being more sensitive than kid chymosin. Both enzymes were almost equally as proteolytic as calf chymosin on total casein at pH 5·6. Kid pepsin activity was more pH and temperature dependent than kid chymosin activity. In comparison with the calf chymosin temperature sensitivity, the order of increased sensitivity was: calf chymosin