Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Push-Out Bond Strength of Quartz Fiber Posts Luted with Self-Adhesive and Conventional Resin Cements

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the resin cement on push-out bond strength of quartz fiber posts to intraradicular dentin. Fifty-six single-rooted human teeth were selected. After removing the crown, roots were endodontically treated and the dowel spaces were prepared with # 2 post drills of DT Ligth® SL Post System (VDW®). The specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 14). Group 1: RelyX™ Unicem (3M ESPE), Group 2: Clearfil ™ SA Cement (Kuraray), Group 3: Bifix SE (Voco), and G4 RelyX™ ARC (3M ESPE). After 24 h, 12 specimens of each group were sectioned in 6 slices with 1 mm of thickness, two of each radicular third. The push-out test was conducted in an Instron machine at 0.5 mm/min. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Bonferroni test. Fractured specimens were observed at 25X to evaluate the types of failures. Two specimens of each group were processed for SEM evaluation. The Mean values (MPa) for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were respectively: 11.06, 8.85, 8.37 and 13.36. All experimental groups showed higher values of resistance in the cervical third, while the lowest were in the apical third. Adhesive failures between cement and dentin (46.87 %) prevailed, followed by mixed failures (45.15 %). SEM photomicrographs illustrating the interface formed between the self-adhesive resin cements and dentin showed an interface without the formation of a hybrid layer. G4 showed the formation of a thick and homogeneous hybrid layer with resin tags. The conventional resin cement associated with a three-step adhesive system displayed the higher bond strength to intraradicular dentin, when compared to the different self-adhesive resin cements.
In vitro shoot regeneration from leaf explants of kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.)

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a versatile plant with multiuse ranging from animal feed to a wide variety of biocomposite products such as pulp and paper and fibre reinforce plastic. Therefore genetically improved planting materials are needed to tailor made requirement of the industry. Thus, development of plant regeneration through callus is important for in vitro genetic manipulation of kenaf. Currently development of successful genetic transformation of kenaf is through in planta transformation means. In vitro shoot regeneration was conducted using leaf explants from varieties V36 and G4 treated to three different combinations of N6 Benzyl adenine (BA) and Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). High percentage of healthy callus induction was produced in MS medium supplemented with combination of 1.5 mgL-1 BA and 0.5 mgL-1 IBA. In addition 68.7% plant regeneration was obtained in MS medium supplemented with 0.3 mgL-1 GA3. All plantlets produced roots in hormone free medium. There was no significant difference among varieties in terms of callus induction (number of callus) and plant regeneration (number of plantlets). This protocol is useful to be used for the development of gene transformation protocol of kenaf through callus.
How Much is Too Much? Large Termination Fees and Target Distress

We provide evidence that large termination fees mitigate contracting problems in acquisitions of targets with high information asymmetry. Large fees are more common if targets face financial constraints or distress. Deals with large termination fees are less likely to be consummated, consistent with large fees allowing acquirers to recover bidding costs when facing a high risk of bid failure. We correct for the endogenous selection of large termination fees and present evidence that managers negotiate large fees in exchange for higher premiums. This is in contrast with prior evidence that suggests large fees result from managerial self-interest and harm target shareholders.
Validating the Job Crafting Questionnaire (JCRQ): A multi-method and multi-sample study

ABSTRACT Job crafting presents a set of proactive behaviours in which employees may engage to alter the job content or their relations with others at work. In recent years, several measures have been developed to capture job crafting. In the present study, we test the validity and reliability of an existing Job Crafting Questionnaire (the JCRQ) in four studies: first, we test the scale validity of the JCRQ in a Spanish diary study (Spain, N = 164, diary occasions 820). Second, we test the scale validity across two Western (Spain, N = 164 and UK, N = 109) and two Eastern cultures (China, N = 170 and Taiwan, N = 165). Third, we test the test–retest reliability in a Spanish three-wave longitudinal sample (N = 191). Finally, we test the criterion validity using data from the four countries. Results confirm the presence of five independent job crafting dimensions: increasing challenging demands, decreasing social job demands, increasing social job resources, increasing quantitative demands and decreasing hindrance job demands. The JCRQ shows acceptable test–retest reliability, scale and criterion validity across the four studies.
Chromosomal Abnormalities in Channa Punctatus Exposed to Cypermethrin

The freshwater teleost fish Channa punctatus were procured from local water bodies and acclimatized in the laboratory. The acclimat ized fishes were divided into control and experimental groups. The fishes of experimental group were exposed to diffe rent sub lethal concentrations (0.0001, 0.0005, 0.0010 ppm) of the pesticide cypermethrin to evaluate the chromosomal abnormalities developed in kidney and gill cells due to this exposure. The values of LC50 were calculated. The maximum exposure period was 30 days during which fish were sacrificed at an interval of 5 days. After sacrificing the fish, tissue from kidney and gills was taken out and after fixation, slides of metaphase chromosome spreads were prepared. The spreads were examined to study different abnormalities developed due to exposure to cypermethrin. Chromosomal aberra t ions like breaks, fragments, dicentric chromosomes etc. were observed in the spreads of exposed fishes. However, there was no change in the number of chromosomes which was 32 in the cells of kidney and gills of both control and experimental fishes. Chromo some spreads of control fishes did not have such type of aberrations. It has been found that there was a linear relat ionship between the concentrations of cypermethrin and percentage of spreads with chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosomal abnormalities also increased with increase in exposure period. A comparison of changes in kidney and gill cells showed that kidney cells were more sensitive to pesticide exposure t han gill cells.The findings of these investigations clearly reveal the genotoxic potential of cypermethrin in Channa punctatus. These results indicate the possibility of using fish chromosomes as indicators of genotoxic factors.
The ecology and evolution of crossbills Loxia spp: the need for a fresh look and an international research programme

In this paper, we review how recent studies on crossbills Loxia spp. have dramatically changed our understanding of crossbill diversity in Europe. Instead of four separate species, each well-defined by ecology, morphology and distribution, we now can distinguish a larger number of populations that differ in vocalisations, but of which we know very little about their ecology, morphology, and (overlap in) distribution. Genetic differences between subspecies and even species are reported to be absent. We summarise the latest results as they were presented at a workshop at the 4 th EOU Conference. Progress is being made to unravel some aspects of the ecology and evolution of crossbills, but new surprises keep arising. For instance, Mediterranean populations of the common crossbill are vocally more like Scottish and parrot crossbills than like common crossbills of northern Europe. We suggest and discuss avenues for further research by professionals and amateurs alike. Most importantly, the vocal identity of each individual or population should be taken into account when testing for geographical, ecological, morphological, physiological or genetic differentiation.
Aerosol Chemical Characterization and Contribution of Biomass Burning to Particulate Matter at a Residential Site in Islamabad, Pakistan

Air pollution creates a very serious problem in developing countries, and scarce information is available about the nature of pollutants. This study describes the chemical composition of particulate matter (TSP and PM10), including marker compounds pointing to pollution sources, and estimates the contribution of biomass smoke to organic carbon (OC) and particulate matter (PM) at a residential site in Islamabad during the winter period in December 2007. Levoglucosan and its relationship with other anhydrosaccharides were used to estimate the biomass burning contribution, and polyols and primary and secondary saccharides were investigated regarding biological aerosol. Polyols and primary saccharides contribute a small fraction of the total PM10 and TSP mass, whereas anhydrosaccharides contribute more than 90% in both the PM10 and TSP. A significant contribution from biomass smoke has also been found in Islamabad, forming 10% of the TSP and 18% of the PM10 mass. The analysis of the distributions of saccharide concentrations between the TSP and PM10 fractions shows that anhydrosaccharides, viz., levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan, all of which are directly related to the combustion of biomass, are mainly present in the PM10. The concentration of TSP varied from 218 µg m–3 to 468 µg m–3 (mean: 343 µg m–3), and PM10 concentrations were in the range of 89–304 µg m–3 (mean: 194 µg m–3). A good correlation was observed between PM10, TSP and Ca2+, which implies that mineral/road dust may be a major contributor to the PM in Islamabad.
VERSION 1 OF THE HUBBLE SOURCE CATALOG

The Hubble Source Catalog is designed to help optimize science from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) by combining the tens of thousands of visit-based source lists in the Hubble Legacy Archive (HLA) into a single master catalog. Version 1 of the Hubble Source Catalog includes WFPC2, ACS/WFC, WFC3/UVIS, and WFC3/IR photometric data generated using SExtractor software to produce the individual source lists. The catalog includes roughly 80 million detections of 30 million objects involving 112 different detector/filter combinations, and about 160,000 HST exposures. Source lists from Data Release 8 of the HLA are matched using an algorithm developed by Budavári & Lubow. The mean photometric accuracy for the catalog as a whole is better than 0.10 mag, with relative accuracy as good as 0.02 mag in certain circumstances (e.g., bright isolated stars). The relative astrometric residuals are typically within 10 mas, with a value for the mode (i.e., most common value) of 2.3 mas. The absolute astrometric accuracy is better than 0 . ″ 1 for most sources, but can be much larger for a fraction of fields that could not be matched to the PanSTARRS, SDSS, or 2MASS reference systems. In this paper we describe the database design with emphasis on those aspects that enable the users to fully exploit the catalog while avoiding common misunderstandings and potential pitfalls. We provide usage examples to illustrate some of the science capabilities and data quality characteristics, and briefly discuss plans for future improvements to the Hubble Source Catalog.
The Influence Of Annona Muricata Leaves Extract In Damaging Kidney Cell And Inducing Caspase-9 Activity

Annona muricata leaf extract is used in Indonesia traditional medicine for the treatment of many disease . Work done has demonstrated Annona muricata to be effective in treating carbon tetrachloride-and acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage, In this present study, the efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Annona muricata leaves for its cytotoxicity potential and induction of apoptosis in tubular cells, was investigated. Phytochemical screening verified presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones and cardiac glycosides. The present study was undertaken to investigate the leaf extract effects of Annona muricata Linn. on the level of serum creatinine and damage of tubular cell structure that effect of kidney cell functions and caspase-9 expression in glomerulus and tubular cells. The animals (n=20) Were grouped a (control), I, II, AND III (experimental). The experimental animals of group I were administered with 10 mg/kg body weight/ day annona muricata extract in saline for 40 days, group II were administered with 20 mg/kg body weight/ day annona muricata extract in saline for 40 days and III were administered with 40 mg/kg body weight/day annona muricata extract in saline for 40 days and then we see the effect on creatinine serum concentration by ELISA method and glomerulus,tubular cells were fixed and processed to examine the histological changes and caspase-9 expression in glomerulus and tubular cells.
The Moderating Effects of Basic Needs Satisfaction at Work on the Relationships Between Burnout, Work-Family Conflict and Organizational Commitment: Relevance of the Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory

In this modern era of competitiveness, work commitment is imperative as every organization strive to excel. Employees must find the means to achieve goals with full determination and commitment despite their personal difficulties. This paper analyses the moderation effect of the dimensions of basic needs satisfaction at work (autonomy, relatedness, and competence) on the relationships between burnout (exhaustion, professional efficacy, and cynicism), work-family conflict (work interfering with family (WIF), family interfering with work (FIW)), and the dimensions of organizational commitment (affective, continuance and normative). Two hundred and twenty administrative and professional groups from Kuala Lumpur City Hall (KLCH), Malaysia were involved in the study. The data gathered was examined using hierarchical multiple regression analysis to determine the moderating effects between variables. The findings revealed that: (1) autonomy moderates the relationships between exhaustion and continuance commitment; and (2) relatedness moderates the relationships between WIF and continuance commitment. The study has defined the motivating factors using the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory as a foundation for the discussion. Recommendations and areas for future research are also discussed. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v6n4s3p506
Population structure, growth and reproduction of leaping grey mullet (Liza saliens Risso, 1810) in Beymelek Lagoon, Turkey

Population structure, growth, length-weight relationship and reproduction characteristics of leaping grey mullet (Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) were investigated in Beymelek Lagoon from February 2006 to January 2007. During the study, a total of 1248 leaping grey mullet were captured by gilland trammel nets of various mesh sizes. Male to female ratio for leaping grey mullet population in Beymelek Lagoon was 1:2.71. The ages ranged from 1 to 4 years for males and from 0 to 5 years for females. The growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy equation were: L∞ = 35.2 cm, K = 0.276 year -1 and t0 = -2.893 year for males, L∞ = 35.9 cm, K = 0.386 year -1 and t0 = -1.760 year for females and L∞ = 39.9 cm, K = 0.271 year -1 and t0 = 2.233 year for all individuals. The calculated length-weight equations were W = 0.0061*L 3.124 for males, W = 0.0060*L 3.124 for females and W = 0.0099* L 2.954 for all individuals. The slope (b) values of the length-weight relationship showed that weight of leaping grey mullet in Beymelek Lagoon increased with length in isometric. The mean condition factor for males, females and all specimens were determined as 0.908, 0.900 and 0.897, respectively. According to sex groups, the mean condition factor of males was slightly higher than that of females. The total length at 50% maturity for female leaping grey mullet was determined as 23.3 cm. It was assumed that spawning period for this species was from May to July.
Surface Effects on the Near-Tip Stresses for Mode-I and Mode-III Cracks

Based on the surface elasticity theory and using a local asymptotic approach, we analyzed the influences of surface energy on the stress distributions near a blunt crack tip. The dependence relationship of the crack-tip stresses on surface elastic parameters is obtained for both mode-I and mode-III cracks. It is found that when the curvature radius of a crack front decreases to nanometers, surface energy significantly affects the stress intensities near the crack tip. Using a kind of surface elements, we also performed finite element simulations to examine the surface effects on the near-tip stresses. The obtained analytical solution agrees well with the numerical results.
Trophic ecology of dominant zooplankton and macrofauna in a temperate, oligotrophic South African estuary: a fatty acid approach

Fatty acid profiles of food sources, dominant zooplankton, macrofauna and a few small ichthyofauna in a temperate estuary on the southeastern coast of South Africa were used to trace the original carbon sources and the degree of feeding plasticity of consumers within an oligotrophic environment. Fatty acid analysis is seldom used to examine food web ecology in estuaries, as these systems are typically highly complex owing to the variety of potential food sources and the variable nature of detritus. We hypothesized that generalist consumers would exhibit similar and overlapping fatty acid compositions, whereas any specialist consumers would 'stand out' as they may contain high proportions of fatty acids specific to their preferred food sources. Within-species variation was very small in the food sources, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) allowed resolution of most species and sample types into distinct clusters. Variation of fatty acid composition was greater within the consumers, with PCA resolving several clusters by collection location within the site and feeding mode of the animals (suspension feeders, grazers and omnivores). We considered the fatty acid profiles (with particular reference to polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential fatty acids) of the consumers in relation to the food sources to determine which organisms played significant roles in the sequestration and cycling of high quality organic material within the estuary.
Dominance of individual plant species is more important than diversity in explaining plant biomass in the forest understorey

Questions: How does plant community diversity influence variation in plant biomass? There are two competing hypotheses: the biomass ratio' hypothesis, where biomass is influenced by the abundance and traits of the most dominant species, and the diversity' hypothesis, where the diversity of organisms influences biomass through mechanisms such as niche complementarity. However, no studies have tested which one of these two hypotheses better explains the variation in plant biomass in the forest understorey. Location: Temperate deciduous forests in northern France. Methods: For the forest understorey, we assessed species diversity and biomass as well as soil and light conditions in 133 forest plots of 100m(2) each. Using mixed-effect models and after controlling for potential confounding factors, we tested the biomass ratio' hypothesis by relating the relative abundance of the most dominant species across our study sites and the CWM of plant traits (leaf area and plant height) to biomass. The diversity' hypothesis was tested by relating biomass to various measures of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity. Results: Biomass of the forest understorey was mainly related to the relative abundance and the trait values of the most dominant species, supporting the biomass ratio' hypothesis. In contrast to the diversity' hypothesis, functional diversity indices had a negative impact on biomass. We found no contribution of taxonomic or phylogenetic diversity indices. Conclusion: The abundance and traits of the most dominant species matter more than taxonomic, functional or phylogenetic diversity of the forest understorey in explaining its biomass. Thus, there is a need for experiments that aim to fully understand keystone species' responses to on-going changing biotic and abiotic conditions and to predict their effects on ecosystem functioning and processes.
Persuasive companions can be wrong: the use of misleading social information in nutmeg mannikins

Animals sample their surrounding environment to collect information, which can be obtained personally or by tracking the behavior of others (i.e., social information). Although social information appears to be generally advantageous, it can also be detrimental and may even conflict with personal information. We tested the effect that the strength of social information, and ultimately its persuasiveness, can have on an animal's decision to use it or not by conducting an experiment using single nutmeg mannikins (Lonchura punctulata), which were offered a foraging choice after observation of videos of feeding or nonfeeding conspecifics. The persuasiveness of social information was amplified by increasing the number and changing the behavior of conspecifics that had previously been seen feeding at 1 of 2 feeders. In addition, we modulated the certainty of an individual's personal information. Some birds had prior experience of a marked feeder always containing easily accessible food, whereas other birds experienced that this was only the case in half of the trials. Our results show that animals provided with sufficiently persuasive social information will tend to reduce the weight of even highly reliable personal information. This provides the first experimental evidence consistent with the propagation of informational cascades in nonhuman animals, which have been invoked to explain market crashes in economics or panic rushes in human crowds.
A Systematic Review on the Efficacy of Iontophoresis as a Treatment for Lateral Epicondylitis

Background and purpose: It is still inconclusive which method of iontophoresis delivers the most medication deepest through the skin, and therefore most effective in treating lateral epicondylitis. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze the efficacy of treatments for lateral epicondylitis using iontophoresis. Method: The review included articles from peer-reviewed journals with sufficient data related to the purpose and focus of the study. Inclusion criteria included randomized control trials, cohort studies, case studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and pilot studies published since 2000. Results: Fourteen relevant studies were identified. Twelve were experimental in vivo studies, two were review studies. All studies were published 2002 through 2015, providing a robust overview of treatments over the last 15 years. Discussion and conclusion: Among studies in this systemic review, pooled data from RCTs pointed to minimal intermediateto long-term clinical benefit for the nonsurgical treatment of lateral epicondylitis. Of drug treatments, the most frequently used in iontophoresis are dexamethasone and lidocaine. Studies of iontophoresis with dexamethasone show evidence that the combination of treatments may be effective in reducing pain; there is evidence supporting the iontophoretic administration of dexamethasone as an alternative to other medication and oral therapy. Based on this review, it is not conclusive that iontophoresis be recommended as a treatment approach for the management of epicondylitis, however iontophoresis should not be ruled out in treating epicondylitis as it is a dose-response modality. More research and review of research is needed on the use of iontophoresis in managing epicondylitis.