Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Designing a nutritional scoring system for assessing diet quality for children aged 10 years and under in the UK

In the UK there is no Diet Quality Index (DQI) that enables estimates of diet quality to be made for children of different age groups. This paper discusses the methodological complexities of designing an appropriate DQI for children aged 10 years and under, using dietary data in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) in relation to UK dietary guidelines. Two stages of the process of developing this score are described. The final score was employed as an outcome measure in secondary analysis of the NDNS and as a means of sampling 48 case study children from the NDNS. This DQI, like all composite measures, produces a summary of overall dietary quality. This may mask individual components important for understanding the health impacts of children's diets. However, DQIs are methodologically advantageous over 'data driven' dietary pattern approaches because they are based on existing knowledge of optimal dietary patterns and provide clear nutritional benchmarks for comparing dietary quality for population sub-groups. Our innovative scoring system enables children's diets to be compared for different age groups relative to UK dietary guidelines and is appropriate for use in quantitative analysis and for assessing diet quality more qualitatively for small groups of children.
The Continuance Intention of User’s Engagement in Multiplayer Video Games based on Uses and Gratifications Theory

One of the key success factors in video game industry, including multiplayer video game (MVG), is the user’s continuance intention. The MVG industry runs in a highly competitive market. Users can shift to another game as soon as they discover a slightly inconvenient issue. Thus, maintaining the user’s enthusiasm in playing MVG for a long time is challenging for most games. The solution to prolong the users’ engagement can be initiated by identifying all factors that facilitate the continuance use of playing MVG. This study applied uses and gratifications theory to examine seven variables (enjoyment, fantasy, escapism, social interaction, social presence, achievement, and self-presentation) and the moderating effects of age and gender on the MVG continuance intention. The data analysis and the model development were tested based on Partial Least Square method using the responses of 453 MVG users. The results revealed that enjoyment, fantasy, social interaction, achievement, and self-presentation significantly affected the continuance intention of playing MVG, with enjoyment being the strongest variable. The result also demonstrated the moderating effect of age and gender on the relation between independent variables and continuance intention. The results and findings offered additional insights into the system development to enhance the information system application.
Living Beyond the Edge: The Impact of Trends in Non-Standard Work on Single/Lone-Parent Mothers

This is an empirical study of the impacts the trends in the labour force (the increased use of non-standard, contingent working patterns) have on single mothers/lone parents. The already precarious socio-economic situation of the majority of single mothers is exacerbated by these trends, and the combination of their relatively low educational rates and modest employability skills, coupled with their sole responsibility for care of their children, makes active participation in the labour force an unlikely and often impractical direction to pursue. The study draws on a combination of cross-Canada interviews with 82 single mothers participating in employability-enhancement training, interviews with 49 government respondents and service providers, an intensive labour force analysis and a review of Canadian and international literature. The authors conclude that ongoing adjustment to existing national taxation and child benefit regimes is inadequate for bringing about genuine change for the better for these most vulnerable women and their children. Rather, they call for a substantial re-orientation of national values and an innovative, flexible and integrated system of policies and programs that address the full complexity of the changing labour market and the situation of the women. Only such a comprehensive approach can result in truly effective, long-term change for the better for this important segment of our society.
Relationship of General and Apparel Spatial Visualization Ability

The purpose of this study was to determine if apparel spatial visualization ability as measured by the Apparel Spatial Visualization Test (ASVT) is correlated with general spatial visualization ability as measured by the Surface Development Test (SDT), and if both general and apparel spatial visualization abilities are related to level of training. The study was a quasi-experimental post-test-only nonequivalent comparison group design using participants from intact groups—a CAD class, a manual flat patternmaking class, and a no-training group (lecture class in retail buying). The CAD and manual patternmaking groups did not differ from one another on SDT scores but both groups scored higher than the no-training group. Scores on the ASVT differed significantly among all three groups. Scores on the ASVT and the SDT were correlated with each other. These results indicate that spatial visualization abilities are related to level of training and that the ASVT measures spatial visualization ability specific to apparel. This study contributes to understanding one of the cognitive components required for selected careers in the apparel industry.
Explaining Explanation For “Explainable Ai”

What makes for an explanation of “black box” AI systems such as Deep Nets? We reviewed the pertinent literatures on explanation and derived key ideas. This set the stage for our empirical inquiries, which include conceptual cognitive modeling, the analysis of a corpus of cases of "naturalistic explanation" of computational systems, computational cognitive modeling, and the development of measures for performance evaluation. The purpose of our work is to contribute to the program of research on “Explainable AI. ” In this report we focus on our initial synthetic modeling activities and the development of measures for the evaluation of explainability in human-machine work systems.
Indigenous Foot and Mouth Disease Control Methods among Nomadic Cattle Fulanis in Adamawa State, Nigeria -

Abstract This study analyzed the indigenous foot and mouth disease control methods among nomadic cattle Fulanis herders in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected by the use of semi-structured questionnaire administered to randomly selected 363 respondents. Data collected were analyzed using percentages, frequency distribution and regression analysis. Result of the analysis of socio-economic characteristics of respondents showed that majority were above 40 years of age (87.9%), 94.5% were married and only 16.5% acquired formal education. On the average there were eight persons per household and about 80% of the respondents had more than 24 years of cattle herding experience. Twenty eight control methods were identified to be in practiced among the respondents. Result of the regression analysis between socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and use of indigenous foot and mouth disease control methods showed that coefficient of age was positive and significant at 1% level, while household size and experience were positive and significant at 5% level. Deforestation and concealment of indigenous control methods by the custodians among others were found to be the constraints against the utilization of indigenous foot and mouth control methods. The study concluded that indigenous control methods were well established and practiced among herders who are well experienced and knowledgeable. It is recommended that laws banning bush burning and indiscriminate tree felling be re- enforced in order to preserve indigenous herbs to avert possible extinction. There is a greater need for extension workers and services to be strengthened so as to incorporate the indigenous methods used by the herders.
Sexual coercion in young persons: exploring the experiences of rape victims in Ibadan Nigeria.

In‐depth interviews with eight female victims of rape in Ibadan, Nigeria were used to explore the context in which the coercive incident occurred, the health‐seeking behaviours that followed and the consequences of this experience in victims' lives. The mean age of the women was 17 years. In all cases, perpetrators of rape were persons with whom the women were acquainted. Rape occurred mainly in familiar and private settings. Rarely do victims communicate the incident to family or friends or report the incident to the enforcement authorities. The stigma associated with rape is a primary barrier to seeking care. Interventions are proposed to address these problems.
Kualitas semen segar sapi Bali (Bos javanicus) pada kelompok umur yang berbeda

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas semen segar sapi Bali pada kelompok umur yang berbeda. Sampel yang digunakan berupa semen segar dari 8 pejantan sapi Bali di Balai Besar Inseminasi Buatan (BBIB) Singosari Malang, Jawa Timur, terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok umur yaitu 4 dan 7 tahun. Rata-rata bobot badan sapi pada kelompok umur 4 tahun adalah 656,75±32,69 Kg, dan lingkar skrotum 27,5±1,64 cm sedangkan pada kelompok umur 7 tahun adalah 615,5±72,59 Kg dan 27,93±0,74 cm. Kualitas semen segar diamati dari 10 kali penampungan menggunakan vagina buatan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi volume (ml), pH, konsentrasi (x106/ml), motilitas (%), persentase spermatozoa hidup (L/D; %), abnormalitas primer (%) dan abnormalitas sekunder (%). Untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar 2 kelompok umur, data kualitas semen dibandingkan menggunakan t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok umur 4 dan 7 tahun masing-masing diperoleh volume 4,55±0,91 ml dan 5,18±1,58 ml, pH 6,51±0,06 dan 6,52±0,01, konsentrasi 962,30±390,50×106/ml dan 1079,00±90,56×106/ml, L/D 71,88±2,58% dan 72,02±1,35%, motilitas 68±3,11% dan 66,04±6,30%, abnormalitas primer 1,054±0,20% dan 0,93±0,14% serta abnormalitas sekunder 3,54±0,48% dan 4,24±0,31%. Volume dan abnormalitas sekunder secara statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada kelompok pejantan sapi Bali umur 7 tahun menghasilkan volume semen dan abnormalitas sekunder lebih tinggi dibandingkan umur 4 tahun.Kata kunci: sapi Bali, pengaruh umur, kualitas semen segar
Major Expansion of γδ T Lymphocytes following Cytomegalovirus Infection in Kidney Allograft Recipients

In normal persons, circulating gd T cells comprise a minor cell subset (0.5%‐6% of total lymphocytes). gd T cells were studied in the context of therapeutic immunosuppression in transplanted patients. Flow cytometry detected an expansion of gd T cells in 31 of 205 renal allograft recipients and in 2 of 41 uremic patients but in none of 45 healthy subjects. Univariate statistical analysis identified cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection ( ), second graft ( P ! .001 P ! ), and antithymocyte globulin treatment ( ) as three variables associated with high . 001 P 5 . 01 levels (>6%) of circulating gd T cells in allograft recipients. Multivariate analysis further indicated that CMV infection was the only independent parameter associated with 16% gd T cells. gd T cell expansion directly followed CMV infection and was never observed in persons who did not develop CMV infection. Thus gd T cells may represent a first-line defense mechanism against CMV infection in a person whose ab T cell response has been weakened by immunosuppression.
Treebanks in historical linguistic research

In this methodological article I discuss the advantages of using parsed corpora (treebanks) for historical linguistics research. I argue that even apparently simple, descriptive questions such as how often different word orders occur cannot be adequately answered without the use of treebanks, which make the underlying theoretical assumptions explicit. I demonstrate this concretely with a case study from word order in participle clauses in the New Testament.
Exploring Latent Semantic Vector Models Enriched With N-grams

This thesis deals with a kind of vector space model called “Latent Semantic Vector Model”, or LSVM, calculated by the technique “Latent Semantic Indexing”. An LSVM can be used for many things, but I have mainly looked at one direct application: document retrieval. What we can gain from an LSVM is the possibility of searching for content rather than specific keywords. Using an LSVM in a document retrieval system has been shown to improve the quality of the returned document lists, which makes it easier for the user to find the information he or she wants. The problem attacked in this thesis is that an LSVM in the normal case contains just single words, while the terms one searches for in many cases are multi-word expressions.LSVMs have been trained with various parameter settings for training data, vocabulary, matrix size, context size, and last but not least, different ways to include multi-word expressions directly into the models. The aim has been to determine how the performance of an LSVM changes when we go from a word-based model to a model containing both words and multi-word expressions. To be able to measure the changes, two evaluation methods have been used: synonym tests and document retrieval. Synonym testing has been performed for Swedish and document retrieval for both Swedish and English. The results are improved when multi-word expressions are added for the synonym test task, but change for the worse for document retrieval. For English, the latter change is not significant.This work has also resulted in two new resources, well suited for evaluation of various models: the evaluation set SweHP560, containing 560 Swedish synonym test queries from “Hogskoleprovet”, and the new metrics RankEff and WRS for document retrieval evaluation, which handle the problem of an incomplete gold standard in a better way than existing metrics like MAP and bpref.
Early Post Operative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) in middle aged hypertensive patients: A pilot study

Abstract Background: Nowadays, hypertension is prevalent in middle aged persons. Patients with hypertension are known to have cognitive dysfunction and, therefore, may be vulnerable for post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) also. Intra-operative hypotension is documented to be associated with cognitive decline in hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective pilot study was conducted in 30 hypertensive (Group H) and 30 non-hypertensive (Group N) patients, aged 40-59 years, undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia to estimate the incidence of early POCD in known hypertensive patients and compared with non-hypertensive patients. All patients underwent a “Neuro-psychological Test Battery” to assess cognitive function on preoperative day and on 7th postoperative day. A standard anaesthesia protocol was followed. Vasopressor boluses were used to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) within 20% of the baseline value in both groups. Results: The incidence of POCD was 23.3% in hypertensive patients and 20% in non-hypertensive patients. The vasopressor boluses used to maintain blood pressure was more in hypertensive patients (P = 0.041). Consequently, hypertensive patients had a significantly higher minimal MAP (P = 0.001) and a lower fractional minimal MAP (P = 0.011) compared to non-hypertensive patients. No significant correlation was observed between fractional minimal MAP and occurrence of POCD. Conclusion: This pilot trial shows that the incidence of early POCD in middle aged hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients are similar after general anaesthesia.
Legibility of Sans Serif Type for Use as Body Copy in Computer Mediated Communication.

A study examined type legibility on computer screens to determine type styles and type sizes that are most legible. Subjects, 107 college students, tested legibility of Helvetica type in 3 different sizes and 3 different faces. Results indicated no significant differences for legibility of Helvetica 12, 10, and 9 point type in the normal typeface at the resolution of the computer screens. Helvetica Bold significantly increases the legibility in most cases and at least does not decrease legibility. Helvetica Italics should be used with extreme caution or avoided. (Contains 9 references and 15 tables of data. An appendix presents each type face reproduced at screen resolution and enlarged 200%.) (Author/RS) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
RESISTANCE (EXERCISE) TRAINING IN NON- DIALYSIS DEPENDENT CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD Stage 3) AND VALIDATION OF ULTRASOUND IN THE MEASUREMENT OF MUSCLE SIZE AND STRUCTURE IN HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS (CKD Stage 5)

AIM: This thesis set out to make an original contribution to knowledge with regard to methods of assessing muscle size and architecture in the CKD and ESRD population, and to assess the ability to improve the muscle size and architecture, and symptoms of uraemia, by implementing an anabolic intervention (resistance exercise training) in the CKD population. OUTCOME MEASURES: Ultrasound was shown to have high validity (against gold standard MRI measures; ICCs: VLACSA 0.96, VL depth 0.99, fat depth 0.98) and intra-rater reliability (ICCs: VL depth 0.98, total muscle depth 0.97, fat depth 0.99; MDC: VL depth 0.14cm, total muscle depth 0.19cm, fat depth 0.22cm) in measuring regional body composition at the mid-VL site in the CKD population. There were significant (p<0.01) correlations between US-derived measures of (mid-VL) muscle size and architecture with strength and function (larger muscle mass and/or pennation angle positively correlated with higher strength and/or functional performance). Patient-reported uraemic symptoms were worse (p<0.01) in those with reduced strength and/or function. INTERVENTION RESULTS: An anabolic (resistance training) intervention (12-weeks, randomized to once [RT1 n=7] or three times [RT3 n=10] per week, 80%1RM) brought about significant improvements over time (p<0.01) in all measures of muscle size and architecture (VL depth, total muscle depth, VLACSA, pennation angle). Interaction effects (group*time) were only seen in pennation angle (p<0.05) and VLACSA (p<0.01) where RT3 gains were greater than RT1 from week 8 onwards. All measures of strength, function, and uraemic symptoms improved over time (p<0.01) with no interaction effects (no difference from greater training frequency/ volume). CLINICAL AND RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS: The intervention results suggest implementing a RT form of “prehabilitation” in early stage (CKD3) patients just once per week is sufficient to bring about statistically and clinically important changes in strength and function that benefit the patient through reduced frequency and/or intrusiveness of uraemic symptoms (improved health-related quality of life), with minimal time-commitment. Further research should examine if there is additional benefit to the significantly greater increases in VLACSA and pennation angle observed in RT3, with regards to long-term maintenance of functional improvements, and whether an RT1 or RT3 programme delays the progression of CKD, the need for RRT, and patient mortality.
Impediments to Sustaining South Korea’s Economic Development: Pathologies of Cooperation in Intra-Team Dynamics of Technology Commercialization

Technology innovation and commercialization have been the cornerstone of South Korea’s remarkable economic development. In this paper, we argue that South Korea’s technology-based economic development is unsustainable without fundamental changes in its technology policy-making and implementation approaches. Developed countries’ systems of innovation (SI) operating at the technology frontier have increasingly embraced bottom-up technology policy, making them more reliant on cooperation among teams at the project level. Drawing on Social Interdependence Theory, this research finds that the intra-team dynamics of South Korea’s technology transfer and commercialization (TTC) process negatively impacts on not only current TTC projects, but also the transition of South Korean SI toward an integrative policy approach that fosters innovation and commercialization. It is clear that the top-down policy-making model supportive of linear models of innovation that South Korea has relied on for so long needs to be replaced. However, the current intra-team dynamics of TTC teams may continue to hinder this transition. While Korean TTC teams perceive themselves to be cooperative and effective in general, there is a pronounced lack of cathexis which undermines their cooperation. This may be an impediment to the success of technology commercialization teams and their projects. Further research is warranted to confirm this finding and explore the extent to which this problem hinders the sustained technology-led development of South Korea.
Clinical immunology Expression of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in skin lesions of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients

Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases – TIMPs) are implicated in variations of extracellular matrix composition. Disregulation of ECM degradation is considered to play a key role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Influence of MMPs and TIMPs on ECM composition may result not only from regulation of their production by fibroblasts, but also their direct role in the inflammatory process. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of selected MMPs and their inhibitors in skin lesions of patients with SSc. MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-10, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 were evaluated, by means of immunohistochemistry, in skin biopsies from 10 patients with SSc as well as 10 age-matched healthy controls. Expression of MMPs and TIMPs was elevated in the skin of SSc patients in comparison with healthy skin. The overexpression of MMPs and TIMPs in SSc specimens is due to the presence of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-10, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 within inflammatory infiltrate. In addition, certain MMPs (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and TIMP-2 were present in the stromal cells. Evaluation with three-step semiquantitative scale revealed that in SSc patients TIMPs expression appeared relatively lower when compared with MMPs. The results of this preliminary study indicate that there are local disturbances in the expression of MMPs and their inhibitors in the skin of patients with SSc. It suggests that altered expression of MMPs/TIMPs may contribute to the development of local inflammatory infiltrated and tissue fibrosis in systemic sclerosis.