Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social influences on morphine conditioned place preference in adolescent mice

Social/peer influences are among the strongest predictors of adolescent drug use. However, this important subject does not get much attention in pre‐clinical studies. We recently observed that exposure to different social partners modulates morphine locomotor sensitization. Sensitivity to the hyper‐locomotor response of drugs of abuse is a predictor of sensitivity to other drug‐induced behaviors. Thus, this study examined how exposure to different social partners affected the rewarding properties of morphine. All animals were group‐housed four per cage in one of two conditions referred to as ‘only’ and ‘cage‐mates’. In the mixed treatment condition, morphine‐ and saline‐treated mice were housed together. These groups are referred to as ‘morphine cage‐mates’ and ‘saline cage‐mates’, respectively. In the separated treatment conditions, all mice in the cage received morphine (i.e. ‘morphine only’) or saline (i.e. ‘saline only’), and cages were visually separated from each other. All animals were subsequently individually tested for the acquisition of morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) following one conditioning session with 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg morphine or saline. As expected, one conditioning session established morphine CPP in the morphine only animals, but not in the saline only animals. Notably, morphine CPP was not acquired by the morphine cage‐mate animals. Additionally, 40 mg/kg morphine was sufficient to establish morphine CPP in the saline cage‐mate animals. These results indicate that social environment has an effect on the rewarding properties of morphine. It suggests that exposure to different peers can alter the abuse potential of opioids and potentially other illicit drugs.
Germline Mutations in Genes Within the MAPK Pathway Cause Cardio-facio-cutaneous Syndrome

Cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome is a sporadic developmental disorder involving characteristic craniofacial features, cardiac defects, ectodermal abnormalities, and developmental delay. We demonstrate that heterogeneous de novo missense mutations in three genes within the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway cause CFC syndrome. The majority of cases (18 out of 23) are caused by mutations in BRAF, a gene frequently mutated in cancer. Of the 11 mutations identified, two result in amino acid substitutions that occur in tumors, but most are unique and suggest previously unknown mechanisms of B-Raf activation. Furthermore, three of five individuals without BRAF mutations had missense mutations in either MEK1 or MEK2, downstream effectors of B-Raf. Our findings highlight the involvement of the MAPK pathway in human development and will provide a molecular diagnosis of CFC syndrome.
Organizational Success through Corporate Trainings : A Case Study of Hotel Industry of Pakistan

Hotel industry in Pakistan makes a considerable part of the service sector. Globally the hotel industry has focused on training and human resource development to compete in the current business environment. The research was conducted to explore and find out how corporate mission and strategic goals can be achieved through corporate trainings in the hotel industry of Pakistan. Data from the targeted hotel industry were obtained through survey questionnaire and structured interviews of employees. Findings of this research show that trainings increase the performance of employees. A winning team of employees can be created through a systematic approach to training and development. Finding of this research paper help the policy makers in hotel industry to implement the corporate training program as winning strategy to deliver excellent service.
Simulation in surgery: what's needed next?

OBJECTIVE To review the current state of simulation use in surgery and to offer direction for future research and implementation of evidence-based findings. BACKGROUND Simulation-based training (SBT) in surgery has surged in recent years. Although several new simulators and curricula have become available, their optimization and implementation into surgical training has been lagging. METHODS Members of the Association for Surgical Education Simulation Committee with expertise in surgical simulation review and interpret the literature and describe the current status of the use of simulation in surgery, identify the challenges to its widespread adoption, and offer potential solutions to these challenges. The review focuses on simulation research and implementation of existing knowledge and explores possible future directions for the field. RESULTS Skill acquired on simulators has repeatedly and consistently been demonstrated to transfer to the operating room, and proficiency-based training maximizes this benefit. Several simulation-based curricula have been developed by national organizations to support resident training, but their implementation is lagging because of inadequate human resources, difficult integration of SBT into educational strategy, and logistical barriers. In research, lack of coordinated effort, flaws in study design, changes in simulator-validation concepts, limited attention to skill retention, and other areas are in need of improvement. CONCLUSIONS Future research in surgical simulation should focus on demonstrating the cost-effectiveness of SBT and its impact on patient outcomes. Furthermore, to enable the more widespread incorporation of best practices and existing simulation curricula in surgery, effective implementation strategies need to be developed.
Next‐generation peptide vaccines for advanced cancer

Many clinical trials of peptide vaccines have been carried out since the first clinical trial of a melanoma antigen gene‐1‐derived peptide‐based vaccine was reported in 1995. The earlier generations of peptide vaccines were composed of one to several human leukocyte antigen class I‐restricted CTL‐epitope peptides of a single human leukocyte antigen type. Currently, various types of next‐generation peptide vaccines are under development. In this review, we focus on the clinical trials of the following categories of peptide vaccines mainly published from 2008 to 2012: (i) multivalent long peptide vaccines; (ii) multi‐peptide vaccines consisting of CTL‐ and helper‐epitopes; (iii) peptide cocktail vaccines; (iv) hybrid peptide vaccines; (v) personalized peptide vaccines; and (vi) peptide‐pulsed dendritic cell vaccines. (Cancer Sci 2013; 104: 15–21)
Medicinal plant leaf information extraction using deep features

In today's digital world of ubiquitous and Internet of thinks, medicinal plant identification is a challenging but very useful task in computer vision (CV) helping agro-community to recognize the unknown species more rapidly. The tchnological improvements in feature representation deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is promisingly used in several applications like object recognitions, natural language processing and computer graphics. In this paper, we propose a knowledge transfer from object identification to plant species identification where the raw plant leaf image is represented into deep features. These deep features are experimentally proved to out-perform the state-of-the-art in plant species recognition. These paper presents a new and efficient technique for leaf acquisition. Secondly, the image is transformed to device independent laß color space that is further used to compute VGG-16 feature map. This feature map is re-projected to PCA subspace to optimize the performance for species recognition. To prove the robustness, the paper uses two different types of plant leaf datasets.
Towards Effective Structure-Based Assessment of Arguments and Proposals in Online Deliberation

Deliberation, i.e., discussing and ranking different proposals and making decisions, is an important issue for many communities, be they political, be they boards of experts for a scientific issue. Online deliberation however has issues, such as unorganized content, off-topic or repetition postings, or aggressive and conflicting behavior of participants. To address these issues, based on a relatively simple argumentation model and on feedback of different type, we propose to weight community members in an elaborate manner; this in turn is used to score arguments and proposals. Given such a scoring scheme, it is important to examine to which extent individuals have understood and accepted the approach, to identify characteristics of ‘good’ discussants and of strong arguments and proposals, and to study the robustness of the approach with regard to minor changes. To this end, we have carried out an experiment with a real-world community which had to make subjective decisions on issues relevant to them, and we have analyzed the data generated by it systematically, covering the different layers of our approach. Our takeaway is that the approach proposed here is promising to improve deliberation in many settings.
Outcomes from implementing early goal-directed therapy for severe sepsis and septic shock: a 4-year observational cohort study

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock who did and did not receive early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) in the emergency department (ED). The primary end point was the in-hospital mortality rate. The secondary end points were lengths of stay in the ICU and in hospital. Method Patients with sepsis who satisfied two of the four systemic inflammatory response criteria and who either had a lactate of greater than 4 mmol/l or a systolic blood pressure of less than 90 mmHg after 20–30 ml/kg of fluid, were included. Patients who had EGDT commenced, and all patients who were admitted to ICU who met EGDT criteria over a 4-year period from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2009, were studied. Results One hundred and seventy-four patients with sepsis met the criteria for EGDT. Ninety-seven patients had EGDT commenced in the ED. The mortality rate in the EGDT group was 22.7% compared with 42.9% in the non-EGDT group (P=0.004). The length of stay in ICU was [(median and interquartile range)] 3D(5) versus 4D(8), P value less than 0.0001. There was no difference in the length of in-hospital stay. Conclusion Initiating EGDT in the ED in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock was associated with a significant reduction in in-hospital mortality and length of stay in ICU.
Using an online portfolio in postgraduate training

This study describes the introduction of an online portfolio in postgraduate medical training in Family Medicine. An online questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative data was sent to 90 GP trainees of whom 65 responded. A phenomenological analysis method was applied to the data. The portfolio supported the trainees’ ability to monitor their own clinical progress providing a better focus on learning objectives. It was helpful in the organization of the training programme and in the formation of individual personal knowledge. Reflection was stimulated, especially concerning complex and difficult clinical situations and it was used as a point of departure for trainee–trainer discussions. Trainees preferred an online portfolio to pen and paper. The degree of educational support was experienced differently. Obstacles were lack of time, lack of trainer support, inappropriate IT facilities, lack of proper introduction and lack of personal motivation. Practice points• An online portfolio is a useful tool in specialist training but it needs:•to be in congruence with the way clinical learning works;•proper introduction to the users;•protected time during working hours;•active participation from both trainees and trainers.
Nonsense mutation of β‐globin gene at codon 82 (AAG→TAG) or HBB:C247 A→T with polymorphism: cause of thalassemia intermedia?

Dear Editor Angalena et al., 2010 has recently described the mutation of codon 82 b (AfiT) in homozygous condition in a thalassemia major patient of South Indian origin. Here, we are describing the same mutation in North Indian family originating from Pakistan and we also provide antenatal diagnosis in this family (Figure 1). A 28-year-old female was presented to the Genetics OPD, SGPGIMS for the first time. The woman was in her 10th week of pregnancy. Couple have 10-year-old male child with complaints of intermittent jaundice and pallor since 2 years. He had received only two units of blood transfusion till date. He had intermittent colicky pain, dyspepsia, and flatulence especially after a fatty meal. Ultrasound of abdomen revealed hepatosplenomegaly with hypo-echoic liver. On clinical evaluation by clinical geneticist, the provisional diagnosis was made by them as thalassemia intermedia. On performing hematologic investigations, we found hemoglobin: 10.6 g/dl, mean corpuscular volume (MCV): 68.0 fl, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH): 20.1 pg; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC): 29.5%, with reticulocytosis of 9% and microcytosis and hypochromia. Pretransfusion hemoglobin variant analysis on Bio-Rad Variant system (short beta-thalassemia program) showed HbA2: 7.0%, HbF: 3.6%. The liver function tests showed serum total bilirubin 8.6 mg/dl, with indirect bilirubin = 2.6 mg/dl, serum aspartate aminotransferase = 27 U/l, serum alanine aminotransferase = 32 U/l, albumin = 5.0 g/dl, serum alkaline phosphatase = 156 U/l. Both parents of proband had symptoms of anemia with mild jaundice, but they had never been transfused. The hematologic and biochemical parameters in father were Hb of 10.8 g/ dl, MCV 76.0 fl, MCH 27.1 pg, SI 55.2 lg/dl, TIBC 310 lg/dl, reticulocyte count 1.2% and total bilirubin 2.0 mg/dl, whereas, in mother, the Hb 9.8 g/dl, MCV 66.2 fl, MCH 19.8 pg, SI 70 lg/dl, TIBC 265 lg/dl and total bilirubin was 1.5 mg/dl. The HPLC analysis LETTER TO THE EDITOR INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY
Protein kinases in the control of mitosis: focus on nucleocytoplasmic trafficking

SUMMARY The eukaryotic cell nucleus is a highly dynamic organelle. This is illustrated most dramatically during mitosis, when the nuclear envelope breaks down, the nuclear lamina disassembles, chromosomes condense, and a microtubule-based spindle apparatus distributes sister chromatids to the dividing daughter cells. Many of these dramatic changes in nuclear architecture and microtubule organization are controlled by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. Whereas the cardinal role of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in the regulation of mitosis is well established, there is now clear evidence for the requirement of additional mitotic protein kinases. Studies into the regulation of CDKs and other mitotic kinases have revealed that these enzymes undergo cell cycle dependent changes in subcellular distribution, suggesting that localization may contribute to regulating their activities. This article describes some recent findings relating to the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of CDK/cyclin complexes at the onset of mitosis. In addition, it summarizes recent information on two novel human protein kinases which have been implicated in the control of mitotic progression.
Phenotype of a British North Carolina macular dystrophy family linked to chromosome 6q

AIMS To document the phenotype of an autosomal dominant macular dystrophy diagnosed as having North Carolina macular dystrophy (NCMD) in this British family, and to verify that the disease locus corresponds with that of MCDR1 on chromosome 6q. METHODS 37 family members were examined and the phenotype characterised. DNA samples from the affected members, 19 unaffected and five spouses, were used to perform linkage analysis with six microsatellite marker loci situated within the MCDR1 region of chromosome 6q. RESULTS Every affected family member had lesions characteristic of NCMD, which developed early in life and usually remain stable thereafter. Although fundus changes are evident in the periphery, all tests revealed that functional loss is restricted to the macula. Some patients with large macular lesions had good visual acuity with fixation at the edge of the lesion at 5° eccentricity. Significant linkage to the MCDR1 locus on chromosome 6q was obtained with three marker loci, with a maximum lod score of 5.9 (q = 0.00) obtained with D6S249. CONCLUSION This family has the typical phenotype NCMD, and the causative gene was linked to the disease locus (MCDR1) on chromosome 6q. Early onset and localisation of the disease to the central macula allow specialisation of eccentric retina in some eyes with resultant good visual acuity.
Update in perioperative medicine: practice-changing evidence published in 2015

ABSTRACT Evidence in perioperative medicine is published in a wide variety of journals, given the multidisciplinary nature of its practice which spans medicine and its subspecialties, as well as surgery and anesthesiology. It can be difficult to identify new and important evidence, as perioperative practice continues to evolve in multiple areas such as medication management, anticoagulation and cardiac risk stratification, among others. New, high-quality evidence is published each year, and must be placed into the context of not only existing literature, but also practical real-world patient care. We sought to systematically identify, critically evaluate and concisely summarize the practice implications of 10 articles published in 2015 for the practicing perioperative clinician.
Subjugated in the San Juan Basin: Identifying Captives in the American Southwest

For over two decades archaeologists and bioarchaeologists have identified evidence to suggest that there was a system of captivity and subjugation in the American Southwest before the arrival of Europeans. However, to understand the practice of taking captives in the region, we must attempt to determine why people are subjugated and who is at risk of being enslaved. The focus of this paper is to understand the signs of captivity in the archaeological and bioarchaeological record, and parse out possible motivations for why slavery or raiding for captives was practiced among the Ancestral Pueblo. Using evidence from oral traditions and historical texts of the Spanish colonizers, archaeological evidence of environmental stress, changes in paleodemography at sites, and data obtained from human skeletal remains, this paper explores the likelihood that the practice of captive-taking was present among the Ancestral Pueblo.
Length Adaptive Recurrent Model for Text Classification

In recent years, recurrent neural networks have been widely used for various text classification tasks. However, most of the recurrent architectures will not assign a class label to a text until they read the last word, while human beings are able to determine the text class before reading the whole text. In this paper, we propose a Length Adaptive Recurrent Model (LARM) which can automatically determine the minimum text length that is necessary to perform the classification. With three parts includingReader, Predictor andAgent, our model is designed to read a text word by word, and terminate the process when the adequate information has been caught for the text classification task. The experimental results show that our model has comparable or even better performance compared to the vanilla LSTM when both are fed with partial text input. Besides, we can speed up text classification by truncating the text when sufficient evidence is found for classification. Furthermore, we also visualize our model and show that our model works like human beings, who can gradually come up with the general idea of a text while reading texts sequentially.
Assessment of radial and ulnar torsion profiles with cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging. A study of volunteers.

BACKGROUND We determined whether the torsion profiles of the radius and ulna could be reliably assessed with cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging and whether these torsion profiles were comparable on the two sides of volunteers. METHODS We assessed magnetic resonance imaging cross sections of the left and right forearms of twenty-four asymptomatic volunteers. The torsion profile of the ulna was defined as the angle formed between a line tangential to the volar cortical surface of the distal part of the humerus and a line connecting the center of the ulnar head and the center of the ulnar styloid. Use of paired proximal and distal landmarks resulted in five different methods of assessment of the radial torsion profile. Intrarater and interrater reliabilities and side-to-side variability were assessed. RESULTS This method of assessment of the ulnar torsion profile had intraclass and interclass coefficients of 0.95 and 0.91, respectively. A method previously described by Bindra et al. had the best combined intrarater and interrater reliabilities for assessment of the radius. The mean differences between the right and left sides of the volunteers were the lowest with the use of these two methods; nevertheless, the maximum side-to-side difference was > 30 degrees with techniques. CONCLUSIONS Torsion-profile assessment with cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging had high intrarater and interrater reliabilities. However, individual side-to-side variations in the radial and ulnar profiles are important considerations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging is currently the only available method to quantify rotational malunion of the radius and ulna. Its low side-to-side reliability warrants comparison between the imaging results and the clinical findings. A side-to-side difference in the rotation profile may serve as a reason to perform an axial osteotomy when the results of the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging assessments are consistent with each other.
Personality disorder traits evident by early adulthood and risk for eating and weight problems during middle adulthood.

OBJECTIVE The current article investigates the association of personality disorder (PD) with the subsequent development of eating and weight problems. METHOD Psychiatric interviews were administered to a community-based sample of 658 individuals at mean ages 14, 16, 22, and 33 years. RESULTS Individuals with PD by age 22 were at an elevated risk for eating disorders at mean age 33 years. PDs were associated with risk for onset of binge eating, purging, daily dietary restriction, and obesity among individuals without a history of these problems. Borderline and histrionic PD symptoms were associated with recurrent binging and purging at mean age 33 years. Antisocial and schizotypal symptoms were associated with recurrent binging and obesity at mean age 33 years. Depressive PD symptoms were associated with recurrent binging and dietary restriction at mean age 33 years. CONCLUSION PD symptoms, evident by early adulthood, may be associated with the risk for the development of eating and weight problems by middle adulthood.
Spread of Phytophthora capsici in Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) in Vietnam

Black pepper is the one of most important export products in Vietnam. As the largest exporter, Vietnam’s pepper commodities account for 58% of total worldwide exporters. However, Vietnam’s pepper production is dealing with disease problems, especially foot rot/quick death infected by Phytophthora capsici. The disease results in serious and rapid spread and infection in Vietnam, with yearly reduction of about 2% of total pepper area. Disease management is recently challenging scientists and producers. Investigating characteristics of Phytophthora capsici and causes, therefore, play a significant role in treatment. This paper has indicated three main causes, which contribute to serious infection and outbreak of Phytophthora capsici; they are biological characteristics, climatic condition and cultivation. To control this disease, early detection and prevention are the best ways to manage disease. Finding new varieties, which are Phytophthora capsici tolerance or resistance, is significant in black pepper production worldwide.