Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive user association in HetNets with renewable energy powered base stations

In this paper, we propose adaptive user association in the Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) with renewable energy powered base stations (BSs), where all the BSs are assumed solely powered by the harvested energy from the renewable energy sources. BSs across tiers differ in terms of energy harvesting rate, maximum transmit power and deployment density. In conventional grid-powered HetNets, user association is determined based on the assumption that all the BSs can transmit with constant powers, whereas the transmit powers of BSs vary in the HetNets with renewable energy powered BSs. The adaptive user association is formulated as an optimization problem which aims to maximize the number of accepted user equipments (UEs) and minimize the radio resource consumption in the scenario where the available energy of BSs is dependent on the harvested energy in a certain period of time. We first propose an optimal offline algorithm, where the gradient descent method is used to achieve the pseudo-optimal user association solution. The performance of proposed gradient descent based user association algorithm is verified by simulation results. Considering practical implementation, we further propose a heuristic online user association algorithm which is capable of making timely user association decision for the incoming UEs based on remaining available network resources. Simulation result indicates the proposed online algorithm achieves good tradeoff between UEs acceptance ratio and association delay.
Test–retest variability of intraocular pressure and ocular pulse amplitude for dynamic contour tonometry: a multicentre study

Aims To assess the test–retest variability of intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) measurements utilising dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) and to evaluate possible influential factors. Methods The study included 350 consecutive subjects (175 glaucoma, 175 control; one eye per subject) from seven European centres. IOP was measured once with a Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) and twice by DCT (DCT1, DCT2) in a randomised sequence. OPA was also recorded for both DCT measurements. Differences (DCT1-DCT2; OPA1-OPA2; GAT-DCT1; GAT-DCT2) were assessed using the t test. The intraclass coefficient of correlation (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CoV) for DCT and OPA were calculated. Results DCT1 was 0.6±1.6 mm Hg higher than DCT2 (p<0.001); OPA1 was 0.1±0.7 mm Hg higher than OPA2 (p=0.02). Results were not influenced by randomisation test order. In both glaucoma and normal subjects, DCT and OPA showed ICC>0.90 and >0.76, and CoV=4.8–5.0% and 10.3–10.5%, respectively. DCT1 and 2 were 2.4±2.6 and 1.8±2.6 mm Hg higher respectively than GAT (p<0.001). Discussion DCT test–retest variability was almost perfect for IOP and good for OPA. Tonometry measurements with DCT tended to be overestimated compared with GAT.
Mapping trachoma in Nasarawa and Plateau States, central Nigeria

Objectives: The World Health Organization has called upon member states to eliminate blinding trachoma by 2020 using the SAFE strategy. We aimed to determine the prevalence of trachoma and quantify intervention needs for each aspect of the SAFE (surgery, mass administration of antibiotics, promotion of facial cleanliness and environmental improvements) strategy in Nasarawa and Plateau States, Nigeria. Methods: District-based, household cluster surveys were conducted in all 30 local government areas (LGAs) within the states. Results: A total of 46 960 persons were examined from 7883 selected households. Prevalence estimates of trachomatous inflammation follicular among children 1–9 years of age ranged from 1.7 to 15.8% by LGA. Trichiasis prevalence among adults varied by LGA from 0 to 2.1% and was more common among women (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.1). Access to water within a 30 min round trip was reported by 82.3% of households. Conclusion: LGA-wide trachoma control interventions are warranted in seven LGAs targeting: 5409 persons for surgery to correct trichiasis, 778 698 persons to receive at least three rounds of mass antibiotic distribution, 855 villages in which to promote face-washing and sanitation, and 102 751 households for latrine construction. These mapping surveys demonstrate an example of evidence-based programme planning necessary for measuring progress towards achieving the GET 2020 objective and can be replicated in other areas yet to be mapped for trachoma.
Student performance analysis system (SPAS)

Almost every university have their own management system to manage the students' records. Currently, even though there is a student management system that manages the students' records in Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), no permission is provided for lecturers to access the system. This is because the access permission is only to top management such as Deans and Deputy Deans of Undergraduate and Student Development due to its privacy setting. Thus, this project proposes a system named Student performance analysis system (SPAS) to keep track of students' result in the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology (FCSIT). The proposed system offer a predictive system that is able to predict the students' performance in course “TMC1013 System Analysis and Design”, which in turns assists the lecturers from Information System department to identify students that are predicted to have bad performance in course “TMC1013 System Analysis and Design”. The proposed system offers student performance prediction through the rules generated via data mining technique. The data mining technique used in this project is classification, which classifies the students based on students' grade.
Assessing chloroquine toxicity in RA patients using retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, multifocal electroretinography and visual field test

Aims To assess chloroquine (CQ) toxicity by visual field testing, multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and measurement of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) under treatment with CQ but with normal ocular fundus manifestation. Methods 60 RA patients taking CQ, 30 RA patients not receiving CQ treatment and 100 normal subjects were enrolled in this study. Examinations included visual field testing (Humphrey 10-2 testing strategy), mfERG and scanning laser polarimetry (GDxVCC) to measure RNFL. Data from one eye of a patient were used for analysis. Results The mfERG ring 2 data among the three groups differed, and a correlation between cumulative dose of CQ and mfERG N1 response of ring 2 was detected. Two patients in the CQ group had central or paracentral scotoma, but all others were normal. No difference in mean deviation and pattern standard deviation values of visual field were found among the three groups, and there was no correlation between the cumulative dose of CQ and these values. There was a significant negative correlation between the cumulative dose of CQ and RNFL loss and a positive correlation between the cumulative dose of CQ and the nerve fibre indicator. Conclusion Visual field, scanning laser polarimetry and mfERG are useful tools for early detection of CQ retinopathy. Thinning RNFL and reduced ring 2 response of mfERG may be useful signs for early CQ retinopathy.
Distress, depression and coping in HLA-B27-associated anterior uveitis with focus on gender differences

Background/aims To evaluate depression, coping with disease and stress, and the subjective impression of distress and/or life events as triggers for recurrences in HLA-B27-associated anterior uveitis (B27-AU), with attention to gender-specific characteristics. Methods 171 patients with a history of B27-AU responded to a postal survey performed between January 2006 and April 2008 using standardised psychological questionnaires: Beck Depression Inventory, Freiburg Questionnaire on Coping with Illness, and Stress Coping Inventory. Results Patients with B27-AU differed from healthy controls showing more depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory, 31.6%), applying characteristic disease coping as well as negative stress coping strategies. Female B27-AU patients tended to react with depression and male patients to use negative stress coping strategies. 57.9% of patients believed that psychological distress was a trigger for relapses, and 34.5% stated specific life events. Together, this group of patients achieved higher depression scores and used more negative disease and stress coping styles than patients without perception of distress. Conclusion Patients with B27-AU patients exhibited significant psychopathology concerning depression and disease coping. Distress and life events were subjectively suspected to be a trigger. By imparting knowledge to the patients on probable development of depressive moods and the role of stress/life events as trigger for relapses, as well as offering behaviour therapy to optimise coping, may help patients to cope better with B27-AU.
A prospective clinicopathologic study of dose-modified CODOX-M/IVAC in patients with sporadic Burkitt lymphoma defined using cytogenetic and immunophenotypic criteria (MRC/NCRI LY10 trial).

This prospective study aimed to develop reproducible diagnostic criteria for sporadic Burkitt lymphoma (BL), applicable to routine practice, and to evaluate the efficacy of dose-modified (dm) CODOX-M/IVAC in patients diagnosed using these criteria. The study was open to patients with an aggressive B-cell lymphoma with an MKI67 fraction approaching 100%. Immunophenotype and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to separate BL from other aggressive B-cell lymphomas. BL was characterized by the presence of a cMYC rearrangement as a sole cytogenetic abnormality occurring in patients with a germinal center phenotype with absence of BCL-2 expression and abnormal TP53 expression. A total of 128 patients were eligible for the study, of whom 58 were considered to have BL and 70 to have diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). There were 110 clinically fit patients who received dmCODOX-M (methotrexate, dose 3 g/m(2)) with or without IVAC according to risk group. The 2-year progression-free survival was 64% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51%-77%) for BL, 55% (95% CI 42%-66%) for DLBCL, 85% (95% CI 73%-97%) for low risk, and 49% (95% CI 38%-60%) for high-risk patients. The observed differences in outcome and other clinical features validate the proposed diagnostic criteria. Compared with the previous trial LY06 with full-dose methotrexate (6.7 g/m(2)), there was a reduction in toxicity with comparable outcomes. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00040690.
Fractures in the Elderly in a West African Teaching Hospital

Background: Fractures in the elderly in West Africa have been reported infrequently in the literature. A study of the pattern of fractures in the elderly as seen in a major urban trauma centre in Nigeria should give some indication of the magnitude of the problem and help to fashion out preventive measures. Methods: This prospective study included all patients aged 65 years and above with fractures of the extremities seen over a period of 18 months. Data collected included age, sex, trauma mechanism, bones fractured, fracture configuration, associated injuries, and vitamin and calcium supplements. This data was stored electronically and analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 15. Results: Of 744 patients with fractures of the extremities in the period under review, 42 were aged 65 years and above. Nineteen were males (45.2%) and 23 females (54.8%). Ages ranged from 65 to 88 years with a mean of 73.4+ 6.7 years. The tibia and fibula was most frequently fractured, in 17 (40.5%), followed by the humerus and femur in 7 each and radius in 5. Bones of the lower limbs were fractured in 24 (57.2%), more frequently than the upper limb in 16 (38.1%). Femoral neck fractures were seen in 5 patients (11.9%), distal radius in 5 (11.9%) and ankle fractures in 9 (21.4%). Majority of the fractures (92.9%) were closed. Trauma mechanisms include falls in 25 cases, motor vehicle injuries as passengers in 9 cases, and pedestrians in 5 cases. Associated injuries were head injuries and soft tissue injuries in 3 cases each. No history of vitamin D or calcium supplements was given. Conclusion: Extremity fractures in the elderly are infrequently seen in our emergency room. Ankle fractures appear to be more common than distal radius and hip fractures. Falls are the commonest trauma mechanism.
Orbital development in survivors of retinoblastoma treated by enucleation with hydroxyapatite implant

Aims To determine the impact of enucleation with hydroxyapatite implant on bony orbital development in survivors of retinoblastoma (RB) by measuring orbital volume based on CT imaging. Methods The authors used CT images obtained at a median age of 6 years to measure orbital volume of RB and contralateral orbits in 18 patients who underwent enucleation with hydroxyapatite implant for RB. Comparison of the orbital volume of RB and contralateral orbits was done using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results The mean age at diagnosis and operation was 29±23 months, and the mean follow-up was 49±31 months. The mean volume difference between RB and contralateral orbits was 0.93±1.13 cm3. RB orbits with hydroxyapatite implant were statistically significantly smaller than contralateral orbits (p=0.002). The age at operation was significantly negatively correlated with orbital volume difference (p=0.033). Orbital volume differences for children treated by enucleation before the age of 12 months were also statistically significantly larger than those treated later. (p=0.03). Conclusion Significant orbital growth retardation remained after enucleation, even with a hydroxyapatite implant for the RB orbit. Orbital growth retardation was correlated with operation age and also more prominent in children treated in the first year of life.
Delayed interval of involvement of the second eye in a male patient with bilateral Chandler's syndrome

A 37-year-old man was diagnosed with angle-closure glaucoma during a routine screening by his local ophthalmologist. He reported a family history of glaucoma; medical history was unremarkable. He had a laser iridotomy in the right eye (OD). His intraocular pressure (IOP) OD continued to be elevated over 3 years, and he underwent laser trabeculoplasty. He first presented to our institution for blurred vision 1 week following laser trabeculoplasty. On examination, visual acuity (VA) was 20/60 OD and 20/20 in the left eye (OS). IOPs were 38 mmHg OD and 8 mmHg OS. There was corneal oedema and a ‘beaten-metal’ appearance to the endothelium OD. Gonioscopy revealed extensive peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) inferiorly OD and normal angle structures OS. He had a cup-to-disc ratio of 0.8 OD and 0.6 OS. Visual field testing showed marked glaucomatous loss OD and a full field OS. Specular microscopy showed decreased endothelial cell count with significant pleomorphism OD (figure 1a) and normal endothelium OS (figure 1b). After failing maximal medical therapy, he underwent multiple glaucoma surgeries, including two trabeculectomies, a Molteno drainage implant, and Molteno implant revision surgery. He experienced corneal decompensation and cataract progression after his valve surgery and underwent a combined extracapsular cataract extraction with a penetrating keratoplasty. He was lost to follow-up for 10 years while seeking care at another institution. Figure 1 (a) Specular microscopy of corneal endothelium of the right eye illustrating significant pleomorphism, decreased endothelial cell count and loss of cellular mosaic. (b) Specular microscopy of the left eye showing normal corneal endothelium initially. (c) Pathology specimen from the right eye showing Descemet-like membrane covering angle structures and anterior surface of the iris on haematoxylin and eosin stain (A) and Periodic acid-Schiff stain (B). In (A), the structures are labelled as C, cornea; D, duplication of Descemet's membrane; I, iris. In (B), …
External dacryocystorhinostomy with and without silicone intubation

Saiju and colleagues1 carried out a study to address the important issue of whether silicone intubation is necessary in external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery. They concluded that DCR without silastic intubation is less expensive than DCR with silastic intubation in primary uncomplicated NLDO and has a similar success rate. There is no evidence that a prestudy sample …
Impact of Age on Functional Outcome Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective:To examine whether increasing age is associated with poorer rehabilitation outcome. It was hypothesized that older individuals would benefit less from rehabilitation since increasing age is associated with greater morbidity and mortality. Design:Retrospective analysis of data collected at the beginning and end of inpatient medical rehabilitation. No experimental manipulation was performed. Injury severity, demographic information, initial level of functioning, and age were used in a hierarchical regression analysis to predict level of independent functioning. Setting:Inpatient traumatic brain injury units at four model system programs. Patients: 365 patients with traumatic brain injuries (39 mild, 67 moderate, 259 severe; 78% male; mean age=34 years). Interventions:All subjects participated in a comprehensive rehabilitation program including services from rehabilitation medicine, neuropsychology, nursing, social work, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech and language pathology, vocational rehabilitation, and therapeutic recreation. Main Outcome Measures:Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Disability Rating Scale (DRS). Results:After controlling for injury etiology, injury severity, and other demographic information, age had no statistically significant predictive value for functional outcome. Level of functioning on admission, independent of other factors, was the strongest predictor of functioning at discharge. Conclusions:Although increasing age has been strongly associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality, it did not affect the level of functional improvement individuals achieved during inpatient rehabilitation. Hence, there does not appear to be justification for limiting access to rehabilitation solely on the basis of advanced age.
Web Page Segmentation and Its Application for Web Information Crawling

Web page segmentation aims to break a page into sections that can reveal the information presentation structure and appear coherent to readers. In this paper, we propose a new web page segmentation framework based on the process of analyzing and understanding web page structure. After extracting the segmentation graph structure, we formulate the label assignment task which determines whether each boundary should segment current block or not on a graph as a structured learning problem. Computation of highest scoring label assignment relies on Viterbi algorithm and joint feature function captures the dependency among boundaries. To solve the learning of parameters, we adopt a learning model based on perceptron algorithm. Furthermore, utilizing the previous framework, we propose a web information crawling application framework which integrates web page segmentation and semantic block classification process.
Clinical presentation and group classification of newly diagnosed intraocular retinoblastoma in China

Aim To describe the clinical presentation and group classification of newly diagnosed retinoblastoma patients in China, and to identify future priorities for improving the medical care of this disease. Methods The retrospective review included all patients who presented with previously untreated intraocular retinoblastoma at Beijing Tongren Hospital between August 2006 and August 2009. The clinical charts were reviewed and fundus images taken for all patients were analysed. The tumours were classified according to the International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification. Results The study included 595 eyes (470 patients) with untreated retinoblastoma. The mean age at diagnosis was 23 months, with 84% of the patients being younger than 3 years at the time of diagnosis. Bilateral retinoblastoma was present in 150 (32%) of the patients. Bilateral retinoblastoma as compared with unilateral retinoblastoma was diagnosed at a significantly (p<0.001) younger mean age (15 months vs 27 months). Leucocoria was the most common leading sign (73% of patients). The vast majority of eyes (501/595 or 84%) presented with an advanced stage of the tumour (Group D or E of International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification). Conclusion In China, diagnosis of retinoblastoma occurs at a relatively advanced clinical stage of the disease. An intensified programme for earlier detection of retinoblastoma including educating parents and physicians may be warranted to improve clinical outcome with fewer enucleations.
Stratus OCT image analysis with spectral-domain OCT (Topcon 3D OCT Viewer)

Aims To assess the accuracy of the Topcon 3D OCT Viewer in analysing Stratus OCT data. Methods Randomly selected fast macular thickness map protocol optical coherence tomography (OCT) raw data were exported from the Stratus OCT database and imported into and analysed with the Topcon 3D OCT Viewer. The segmentation error (SE) rates and scores were compared between the two programs. Differences in the retinal thickness between the two programs were measured in both the SE (–) group and the SE (+) group. Results 356 eyes were analysed. The SE rate and mean SE score were significantly lower with the Topcon 3D OCT Viewer than with Stratus OCT ((30.9% (110/356) vs 38.2% (136/356), p=0.011; 0.33±0.59 vs 0.48±0.96, p=0.003), respectively). In the SE (–) group, the mean of the differences between the two programs was −2.79 μm (p<0.001) in the central 1 mm zone of the nine ETDRS areas and 1.49 μm (p=0.152) for the automated centre point thickness. Conclusions The Topcon 3D OCT Viewer analysed Stratus OCT data very well and displayed better segmentation performance. The Topcon 3D OCT Viewer program can be used interchangeably for the measurement of macular thickness, but careful interpretation by a clinician is needed.
Topology analysis of auto load-balancing RWA in optical burst-switched networks

With new optical transport systems able to provide sub-wavelength granularity, the dynamic characteristics of the network are expected to strongly increase. Furthermore, such properties are highly related to the underlying physical network topology, which in turn require from the control plane important features such as scalability, dynamism and automatism. In this paper we analyze the properties of a distributed routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) algorithm for wavelength-continuity constraint optical networks which uses forwarding and updating control functions run by forward and backward control packets, respectively. In the paper, the protocol is evaluated through its implementation in optical burst switching (OBS) on four different transport network topologies. Results show that the protocol outperforms other RWA algorithms under test in terms of blocking probability without worsening other metrics such as end-to-end delay.