Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THREE ALZHEIMER BRAINS AGED 93, 94, AND 104 YEARS OLD

The brains of three Alzheimer patients aged 93, 94, and 104 years old were analyzed. Although cell death was apparent in different cortices, the prefrontal cortex and the Broca's appeared to be hit hardest. The different CA areas of the hippocampal formation all displayed equivalent degrees of cell death but the entorhinal areas showed the most severe degree of cell degeneration. Both apoptosis and necrosis were observed in the different cerebral regions of these very old patients, as expected.
Current Workforce Characteristics and Burnout in Pediatric Emergency Medicine.

OBJECTIVES Changes in health care delivery and graduate medical education have important consequences for the workforce in pediatric emergency medicine (PEM). This study compared career preparation and potential attrition of the PEM workforce with the prior assessment from 1998. METHODS An e-mail survey was sent to members of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Section on EM and to non-AAP members board certified in PEM. Information on demographics, practice characteristics and professional activities, career preparation, future plans, and burnout (using two validated screening questions) was analyzed using standard descriptive statistics. RESULTS Of 2,120 surveys mailed, 895 responses were received (40.8% response). Over half (53.7%) of respondents were female, compared with 44% in 1998. The majority (62.9%) practiced in the emergency department (ED) of a free-standing children's hospital. The distribution of professional activities was similar to that reported in 1998, with the majority of time (60%) spent in direct patient care. Half indicated involvement in research, and almost half had dedicated time for other activities, including emergency medical services (7.3%), disaster (6.9%), child abuse (5.0%), transport (3.6%), toxicology (2.3% of respondents), and other (13.6%); additionally, 21.3% had dedicated time for quality/safety. Respondents were highly satisfied (95.6%) with fellowship preparation for clinical care, but less satisfied with preparation for research (49.2%) and administration (38.7%). However, satisfaction with nonclinical training was higher for those within 10 years of medical school graduation. Forty-six percent plan to change clinical activity in the next 5 years, including reducing hours, changing shifts, or retiring. Overall, 11.9% of all respondents, including 20.1% of women and 2.6% of men (p < 0.001), report currently working part time. Large majorities endorsed feeling burned out at work (88.5%) or more callous toward people as a result of work (67.5%) at least monthly, with one in five reporting such feelings at least weekly. CONCLUSIONS While satisfaction with fellowship preparation for professional activities in PEM is improving, gaps remain in training in nonclinical skills. Symptoms of burnout are prevalent, and there is likely to be substantial attrition of PEM providers in the near future.
Efficacy of an HIV/STI Sexual Risk-Reduction Intervention for African American Adolescent Girls in Juvenile Detention Centers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Few HIV/STI interventions exist for African American adolescent girls in juvenile detention. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention to reduce incident STIs, improve HIV-preventive behaviors, and enhance psychosocial outcomes. We conducted a randomized controlled trial among African American adolescent girls (13–17 years, N = 188) in juvenile detention from March 2011 to May 2012. Assessments occurred at baseline and 3- and 6-months post-randomization and included: audio computer-assisted self-interview, condom skills assessment, and self-collected vaginal swab to detect Chlamydia and gonorrhea. The Imara intervention included three individual-level sessions and four phone sessions; expedited partner therapy was offered to STI-positive adolescents. The comparison group received the usual care provided by the detention center: STI testing, treatment, and counseling. At the 6-month assessment (3-months post-intervention), Imara participants reported higher condom use self-efficacy (p < 0.001), HIV/STI knowledge (p < 0.001), and condom use skills (p < 0.001) compared to control participants. No significant differences were observed between trial conditions in incident Chlamydia or gonorrhea infections, condom use, or number of vaginal sex partners. Imara for detained African American adolescent girls can improve condom use skills and psychosocial outcomes; however, a critical need for interventions to reduce sexual risk remains.
An Empirical Examination of Patient Room Handedness in Acute Medical-Surgical Settings

Objective: The study objective was to examine whether standardized same-handed room configurations contribute more to operational performance in comparison to standardized mirror-image room configurations. Based on a framework that physical environment standardization supports process and workflow standardization, thus contributing to safety and efficiency, the study examined the comparative effectiveness of the standardized same-handed configuration and the standardized mirror-image configuration. Background: Patient room handedness has emerged as an important issue in inpatient unit design, with many hospitals adopting the standardized same-handed room concept at all levels of patient acuity. Although it is argued that standardized same-handed rooms offer greater levels of safety and efficiency in comparison to standardized mirror-image rooms, there is little empirical evidence either to support or refute these contentions. Method: An experimental setting was developed where elements of the physical environment and approach to the caregiver zone were systematically manipulated. Twenty registered nurses (10 left-handed and 10 right-handed) provided three types of care to a patient-actor across nine physical design configurations, which were videotaped in 540 separate segments. Structured interviews of the subjects were conducted at the end of each individual set of simulation runs to obtain triangulation data. Video segments were coded by nursing experts. Statistical and content analyses of the data were conducted. Results: Study data show that standardized same-handed configurations may not contribute to process and workflow standardization—hence, to safety and efficiency—any more than standardized mirror-image configurations in acute medical-surgical settings. Data suggest that a global view of the patient care environment upon entry is the most sought-after familiarization factor to reduce cognitive load.
Social Networks and Creative Writing in EFL

A sample of Facebook creative writing club pages created by Arab Facebook users and a sample of Facebook creative wall posts from each creative writing club page were collected and examined. The study aimed to find out the types of creative text forms (genres), themes and discoursal features of the Facebook English creative texts posted by non-native writers. In addition, a sample of Facebook Arab creative writers who are non-native speakers of English was surveyed to find out the personal, social, and cultural factors that impact their creativity in English as a foreign language. The chapter describes the data collection and analysis procedures and the challenges that a researcher faces in collecting, sorting out and analyzing creative texts posted on the Facebook wall. It reports results quantitatively and qualitatively. Implications for developing creative writing skills in foreign/second language learners using Facebook are given. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-4426-7.ch007
Comparison of monoclonal antibody time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay with monoclonal antibody capture-biotinylated detector enzyme immunoassay for respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus antigen detection

An all-monoclonal antibody, time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay was compared with several enzyme immunoassays for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 1, 2, and 3 antigens in clinical specimens. The most sensitive enzyme immunoassay for parainfluenza virus type 1 was an all-monoclonal antibody assay with biotin-labeled detector antibody and streptavidin-peroxidase conjugate, but for respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus types 2 and 3 the most sensitive assay was a polyclonal antibody assay with horse capture antibodies and bovine or rabbit detector antibodies with anti-species peroxidase. All tests were evaluated with nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens from respiratory illnesses and with cell culture harvests of multiple strains of each virus isolated over many years. The time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay detected respiratory syncytial virus antigen in 92% of the specimens positive by culture, which was a decidedly higher sensitivity than either the monoclonal or polyclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay format (62 and 76%, respectively). For the parainfluenza viruses the time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay detected type-specific antigen in 94 to 100% of culture-positive specimens and again was more sensitive than the all-monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassays (75 to 89%) or all-polyclonal antibody enzyme immunoassays (66 to 95%). Combined with results from a previously reported adenovirus time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay, these tests identified respiratory antigens in large numbers of clinical specimens.
SarS, a SarA Homolog Repressible by agr, Is an Activator of Protein A Synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT The expression of protein A (spa) is repressed by global regulatory loci sarA and agr. Although SarA may directly bind to the spa promoter to downregulatespa expression, the mechanism by which agrrepresses spa expression is not clearly understood. In searching for SarA homologs in the partially released genome, we found a SarA homolog, encoding a 250-amino-acid protein designated SarS, upstream of the spa gene. The expression ofsarS was almost undetectable in parental strain RN6390 but was highly expressed in agr and sarA mutants, strains normally expressing high level of protein A. Interestingly, protein A expression was decreased in a sarS mutant as detected in an immunoblot but returned to near-parental levels in a complemented sarS mutant. Transcriptional fusion studies with a 158- and a 491-bp spa promoter fragment linked to the xylE reporter gene disclosed that the transcription of the spa promoter was also downregulated in thesarS mutant compared with the parental strain. Interestingly, the enhancement in spa expression in anagr mutant returned to a near-parental level in theagr sarS double mutant but not in the sarA sarSdouble mutant. Correlating with this divergent finding is the observation that enhanced sarS expression in anagr mutant was repressed by the sarA locus supplied in trans but not in a sarA mutant expressing RNAIII from a plasmid. Gel shift studies also revealed the specific binding of SarS to the 158-bp spa promoter. Taken together, these data indicated that the agr locus probably mediates spa repression by suppressing the transcription ofsarS, an activator of spa expression. However, the pathway by which the sarA locus downregulatesspa expression is sarS independent.
Design and Experimental Evaluation of a 256-Channel Dual-Frequency Ultrasound Phased-Array System for Transcranial Blood–Brain Barrier Opening and Brain Drug Delivery

Focused ultrasound (FUS) in the presence of microbubbles can bring about transcranial and local opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for potential noninvasive delivery of drugs to the brain. A phased-array ultrasound system is essential for FUS-BBB opening to enable electronic steering and correction of the focal beam which is distorted by cranial bone. Here, we demonstrate our prototype design of a 256-channel ultrasound phased-array system for large-region transcranial BBB opening in the brains of large animals. One of the unique features of this system is the capability of generating concurrent dual-frequency ultrasound signals from the driving system for potential enhancement of BBB opening. A wide range of signal frequencies can be generated (frequency = 0.2-1.2 MHz) with controllable driving burst patterns. Precise output power can be controlled for individual channels via 8-bit duty-cycle control of transistor-transistor logic signals and the 8-bit microcontroller-controlled buck converter power supply output voltage. The prototype system was found to be in compliance with the electromagnetic compatibility standard. Moreover, large animal experiments confirmed the phase switching effectiveness of this system, and induction of either a precise spot or large region of BBB opening through fast focal-beam switching. We also demonstrated the capability of dual-frequency exposure to potentially enhance the BBB-opening effect. This study contributes to the design of ultrasound phased arrays for future clinical applications, and provides a new direction toward optimizing FUS brain drug delivery.
The Dual Effect of Environmental Regulations’ Impact on Innovation——An Empirical Study Based on Dynamic Panel Data of Jiangsu Manufacturing

As an important strategic transformation of economic development,the relationship of environmental protection and technological innovation has always been a hot issue.This paper argues that environmental regulation not only has a direct impact on enterprises’ technological innovation,but also has an indirect impact through affecting FDI,firm size,human capital levels and other factors.Therefore,two-step GMM empirical method has been used on the panel data of 28 manufacturing industries in Jiangsu Province for years 2004—2011 to analyze the direct and indirect effect environmental regulation has on technological innovation.The results show that: there is a U-shaped dynamic relationship between environmental regulation and enterprise technology innovation.That is to say,"offset effect" will gradually transformed into "compensation effect" as the strength of environmental regulation become stronger,nevertheless,it has a positive "compensation effect" in the long term.FDI and enterprise’s scale has a significant role in promoting technological innovations,however,environment regulation will have a indirect effect on technological innovation by inhibiting FDI technology spillover effect and large scale enterprise effect.Both the level of human capital and corporate profit margins will have a positive effect on enterprise innovation regardless of the constraints of environmental regulation.The conclusion is that government should formulate appropriate environmental regulation measures and foreign investment policy,increase the support for RD funds,increase the level of human capital and take other measures to offset the negative impact of environmental regulation on technological innovation.
Neoliberal Newspeak and Digital Capitalism in Crisis

Changes in the practice of business journalism are a key element in the current financial crisis. The increasing emphasis on features and infotainment at the expense of hard news has distracted public attention from the reality of global economies. In this article, we provide an overview of the dominant business and financial news media, primarily in the United States, but also in the urbanizing nations of China and India. We believe that it is too early to know what, if anything, has changed in terms of the dominance of neoliberal newspeak and we contend that rigorous scrutiny of business media is vital to global economic health.
Conservative management outcomes of traumatic acute subdural hematomas.

BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury represents a significant cause of mortality and permanent disability in the adult population. Acute subdural hematoma is one of the conditions most strongly associated with severe brain injury. Knowledge on the natural history of the illness and the outcomes of patients conservatively managed may help the neurosurgeon in the decision-making process. METHODS We present the clinical course and outcomes of a group of 38 patients with traumatic acute subdural hematomas conservatively treated. Outcomes analysis taking into consideration age, Glasgow Coma Scale scores on admission, and radiological findings is provided. RESULTS Patients less than 65 years old had a favorable or functionally independent outcome in 85% of the cases. Patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores greater than 8 had a functionally independent outcome in 78% of the cases. Patients with acute subdural hematomas with thicknesses < or = 10 mm and midline shifts < or = 5 mm showed functionally independent outcomes in 82% of the cases. CONCLUSION The conservative management of patients with acute subdural hematomas can be a viable alternative in certain cases. Those patients younger than 65 years old, with small acute subdural hematomas and Glasgow Coma Scale scores greater than 8, will have the best functional outcomes.
Delayed interval delivery in twin and triplet pregnancies: 6 years of experience in one perinatal center

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to know the outcome of delayed-interval delivery for twin and triplet pregnancies at 22+0 to 25+0 weeks of gestation. Study design: A retrospective cohort of twin and triplet deliveries at the 23rd to 26th weeks of gestation were managed with delayed interval delivery from 2005 to 2011. Results: From 2005 until 2011, delayed delivery in five twin pregnancies and two triplet pregnancies were performed. The interval between delivery of the first fetus and the remaining twin/triplets was 1–18 days (mean, 9.7 days). In all cases, the first fetus was born vaginally. Survival of the first twin/triplet was 14.3%, whereas 57.1% of the second born twin/triplets survived. Birth weight gained due to delayed delivery was 131 g on average. No severe maternal complications were observed. When compared with a gestation age-matched group, where the delay was not possible, the delayed twin/triplet had a higher survival rate (57.1% vs. 0%, P=0.05). Conclusion: In multiple pregnancies with preterm delivery between completed 22 and completed 25 weeks of gestational age, delayed delivery seems to be a useful therapeutic option to achieve a better outcome of the remaining fetus or fetuses.
Efficacy of a home-based exercise program on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo compared with betahistine.

OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of a home-based exercise program by comparing it with betahistine in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled study. SETTING Outpatient clinic of a university hospital. PATIENTS Thirty-eight patients (10 males, 28 females; mean age 46 +/- 13 years) diagnosed as having BPPV. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly assigned to either an exercise or a medication group. In the medication group, betahistine was prescribed at 24 mg/d for 1 month. The exercise group was required to perform Cawthorne-Cooksey exercises six times/day for 4 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The Vertigo, Dizziness, Imbalance Questionnaire (VDI), which consists of two subscales, the VDI symptom subscale (VDI-ss) and the VDI health-related quality of life (VDI-HRQoL) subscale, and the Vertigo Symptom Scale (VSS) were used for assessment at the beginning of the study and after 2 months. RESULTS The mean scores of the two components of the VDI and the VSS decreased in the exercise group by the fourth week. In the medication group, VSI mean scores, VDIss mean scores, and VSS mean scores decreased in the second week and VDI-HRQoL mean scores decreased in the fourth week. However, there were no significant differences between baseline and week 8. There were significant differences between groups regarding the change in the mean scores of the VDI (p = .001) and the VSS (p = .001) at the end of the study in favour of the exercise group. CONCLUSIONS Exercise was found to be a better treatment choice than medication and may be preferable for patients with persistent or chronic vertigo.
Organic fields sustain weed metacommunity dynamics in farmland landscapes

Agro-ecosystems constitute essential habitat for many organisms. Agricultural intensification, however, has caused a strong decline of farmland biodiversity. Organic farming (OF) is often presented as a more biodiversity-friendly practice, but the generality of the beneficial effects of OF is debated as the effects appear often species- and context-dependent, and current research has highlighted the need to quantify the relative effects of local- and landscape-scale management on farmland biodiversity. Yet very few studies have investigated the landscape-level effects of OF; that is to say, how the biodiversity of a field is affected by the presence or density of organically farmed fields in the surrounding landscape. We addressed this issue using the metacommunity framework, with weed species richness in winter wheat within an intensively farmed landscape in France as model system. Controlling for the effects of local and landscape structure, we showed that OF leads to higher local weed diversity and that the presence of OF in the landscape is associated with higher local weed biodiversity also for conventionally farmed fields, and may reach a similar biodiversity level to organic fields in field margins. Based on these results, we derive indications for improving the sustainable management of farming systems.
Effects of psychological attention on pronoun comprehension

Pronoun comprehension is facilitated for referents that are focused in the discourse context. Discourse focus has been described as a function of attention, especially shared attention, but few studies have explicitly tested this idea. Two experiments used an exogenous capture cue paradigm to demonstrate that listeners' visual attention at the onset of a story influences their preferences during pronoun resolution later in the story. In both experiments trial-initial attention modulated listeners' transitory biases while considering referents for the pronoun, whether it was in response to the capture cue or not. These biases even had a small influence on listeners' final interpretation of the pronoun. These results provide independently motivated evidence that the listener's attention influences the online processes of pronoun comprehension. Trial-initial attentional shifts were made on the basis of non-shared, private information, demonstrating that attentional effects on pronoun comprehension are not restricted to shared attention among interlocutors.