Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity assessment of common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

The knowledge about of genetic diversity of common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes is useful for production of more efficient crops adapted to diverse conditions. A set of 32 common winter wheat varieties was used to estimate and then utilize the genetic diversity between common winter wheat genotypes by using cluster analysis and factor analysis and to identify effective factors on genetic improvement. Eight agronomic traits were included in the study. The GCV values were lower than PCV values for all the traits. High gen etic advance combined with high heritability showed characters: plant height and spike length. Cluster analysis based on ward's method using Euclidian distance, grouped the cultivars into four clusters. Genotypes in the second group were in the highest rate with respect to number of productive tillers per plant, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike and yield per plant. Principal Component analysis was applied to group accessions according to similarity on the bas is of eight traits in tree components in the factor plane. The first three components explained 82.63% of total variation in the experiment. Cluster analysis based on the three factors grouped the varieties into four clusters. Genotypes of the first cluste r can be used for increase in number of productive tillers per plant in breeding programs. Genotypes of the second cluster can be used for increase in thousand grain weight. Genotypes in the fourth cluster had highest mean with respect to first factor and can be used for increase in number of grain per spike.
Efficacy of Crude Leaf Extracts of Aloe secundiflora on Selected Enteric Bacterial Pathogens and Candida albicans

The main aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of methanolic leaf extract of Aloe secundiflora against four Gram-negative bacteria (Shigella flexineri, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis), one Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and on one fungal pathogen (Candida albicans) by Kirby Bauer method. The extract was found to be more effective against all the bacterial pathogens and Candida albicans using ciprofloxacin as the standard antibiotic for Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, Vancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus and Fluconazole for Candida albicans with an MIC range of 3-11 mg/ml. the preliminary analysis for the extracts confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. Our study revealed that, the extract from Aloe secundiflora leaf can be used in treating the diseases caused by the bacterial pathogens.
Bioactivity of bacterial strains isolated from marine biofilms in Hong Kong waters for the induction of larval settlement in the marine polychaete Hydroides elegans

In the present study, 38 bacterial isolates were obtained from a marine biofilm, identi- fied by the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences, and investigated by laboratory bioassays for their effects on larval settlement of the marine polychaete Hydroides elegans (Haswell). The bacter- ial isolates belonged to 3 phylogenetic branches: γ-Proteobacteria (26 isolates), Gram-positive (8 iso- lates) and Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides (4 isolates). Most of the isolates were affiliated to the genera Vibrio (7 isolates), Alteromonas (8 isolates) or Pseudoalteromonas (8 isolates), which are in the γ-Proteobacteria branch. According to their efficacy to induce larval settlement of H. elegans in lab- oratory bioassays, the isolates were categorized as strongly, moderately, and non-inductive for larval settlement. About 42% of the isolates were categorized as non-inductive and the rest of the isolates contained equal numbers of highly and moderately inductive strains. The results indicated that lar- val settlement of H. elegans could be induced by bacteria in a wide range of taxa. The isolates that induced high and moderate levels of larval settlement belonged to the genus Cytophaga in the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides branch; the genera Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Micrococcus and Staphylococcus in the Gram-positive branch; and the genera Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio in the γ-Proteobacteria branch. Results also showed that isolates affiliating to the same genus might have tremendously different activities for the induction of larval settlement. For example, isolates that were affiliated to the genus Alteromonas or Pseudoalteromonas distributed over the 3 categories of activity for induction of larval settlement.
Nectar and pollen production in Arabis procurrens Waldst. & Kit. and Iberis sempervirens L. (Brassicaceae)

Ecological environment in urban areas is specific in many aspects. There are evidences that ornamental plants cultivated in local urban gardens may help in conservation of pollinators. In this study, the flowering pattern, the abundance of flowering, nectar and pollen production as well as insect visitation in Arabis procurrens Waldst. & Kit. and Iberis sempervirens L. were investigated. The species were grown in the UMCS Botanical Garden in Lublin, southeastern Poland. Arabis procurrens bloomed from the middle of April until middle of May and I. sempervirens from the end of April until middle of June. In both species, most flowers opened in the morning hours (40–45% of total were opened by 8:00 h GMT + 2 h). The average sugar yield of A. procurrens was ca. 53% lower compared to I. sempervirens (mean = 1.08 g/m 2 and 2.32 g/m 2 , respectively). In both species, considerable differences in the amount of produced sugars were noted between years. The mass of pollen produced in the flowers of A. procurrens was approx. 35% lower compared to that of I. sempervirens (mean = 0.06 mg and 0.09 mg per flower, respectively). Pollen produced per unit area was correlated with the number of flowers. On average, the species produced 1.46 g ( A. procurrens ) and 2.54 g ( I. sempervirens ) of pollen per 1 m 2 . The flowers of A. procurrens attracted mainly dipterans (56.3% of total visitors), while I. sempervirens lured chiefly solitary bees (47.4% of total visitors), however in both cases, honeybees, bumblebees and lepidopterans were also recorded. The A. procurrens and I. sempervirens due to flowering in early spring period may be promoted for use in small gardens (rock or pot gardens) for both aesthetic value and as plants that support insect visitors in nectar and pollen rewards.
Boundaries of the Fairy Realm in Scotland

This chapter concentrates on folk beliefs. Folk beliefs, however, are to be sought in elite sources, the study of which entails some consideration of elite beliefs for methodological reasons. Members of the elite, who did not usually believe in fairies, sometimes assumed that the beings under consideration were angels, demons, or ghosts, in which they did believe. Their recording of evidence from popular culture was indirect and even inadvertent, and as a result, the boundaries of the fairy realm were partially obscured. With careful analysis, it should be possible to reconstruct some of these boundaries, and to place fairies more precisely in the early modern cosmos. But one of the arguments of the chapter will be that the boundaries of the fairy realm were, in important respects, indeterminate. The chapter describes some of the insights to the historical evidence from early modern Scotland. Keywords:elite beliefs; fairy realm; folk belief; Scotland
Behavior of pile group foundation for offshore wind generator

Introduction As one of the most promising clean energy, offshore wind power attracted increasing attention recently. A lot of large-scale offshore wind generators were constructed in many countries. Largediameter single pile was commonly used as the foundation for the wind generator. Its deformation and bearing capacity were investigated using different approaches. Field tests were conducted to observe the relationship between soil resistance and pile deflection subjected to lateral load, offering important instructions on wind generator pile design [1-2]. Centrifuge model tests were used to study the response of piles and soil-pile interaction under horizontal loading conditions [3-4]. The finite element method was used to reveal the characteristics of large diameter single pile in dense sand [5]. Recently, for example, in China, pile group was used as the foundation for offshore wind generator rather than the single pile [6] because the pile group could reduce the diameter of the pile so as to lower the requirement for pile driving barge. This paper is to investigate the performance of pile group in clayed soil using the three-dimensional finite element analysis.
The Classification Criteria for NO 3 - type Soil Secondary Salinization in Cucumber Cultivated Greenhouse

The use of nitrogen fertilizers in intensive agricultural systems in China has dramatically increased for protected vegetale farming in recent years. The excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer has obviously resulted in salinizing soil, namely soil secondary salinization (short for SSS), which has become a significant environmental stress for crops, such as cucumber cultivated in greenhouse, in the protected farming in China. Therefore it is urgent and necessary to propose some guidelines for farmers to manage of the SSS problem in the areas of facility agriculture. In this study, the criteria of SSS classification based on the concentration of NO 3 - was studied in cucumber cultivating greenhouses ( Cucumis sativus L. cv. Dongfangmingzhu) in Taizhou, Jiangsu province, neighboring shanghai of East China. After the soils in the tested greenhouses were treated with different concentrations of nitrate, the SSS levels expressed by electrical conductivity (EC) were detected at 0.89 ds/m for control, 2.78 ds/m for treatment 1 (T1), 3.65 ds/m for treatment 2 (T2), 4.66 ds/m for treatment 3 (T3) and 6.15 ds/m for treatment 4 (T4). The results showed that there were significant relationships between NO 3 - contents and soil EC in the surface soil, which indicated that the changes of soil characters resulting from the changes of nitrate concentrations in soil in the greenhouse should be used as criteria for classifying the ranks of the NO 3 - type SSS. The ranks of the NO 3 - type SSS was significantly related with the plant height and yield of cucumber (p 6.15 ds/m. This study might provide a practical guideline for evaluating NO 3 - type SSS in facility agriculture, and also might be importance of the protected vegetable farming, particular in cucumber cultivated in greenhouse and plastic covering house, to monitor and adjust salinity in soil for Cucumis sativus .
Analysis of strongyle egg shedding consistency in horses and 1 factors that affect it 2 3

12 Strongyle egg shedding consistency in horses and factors affecting consistency were 13 investigated. Faecal samples were collected from 26 equine populations over one 14 grazing season. Samples were collected on four ‘screening’ occasions (S1–S4) and 15 FEC performed using a sensitive method (to 1 eggs per gram (epg) egg detection 16 limit). On each screening occasion, FEC were assigned an egg shedding category: 1 17 (<50 epg) to 7 (>500 epg); and a treatment category: <200 epg (no treatment) or ≥ 18 200 epg (treatment). Rank changes in shedding and treatment categories between S1 19 and subsequent screening occasions were calculated. Factors affecting the likelihood 20 of an individual changing shedding or treatment category were assessed using 21 multivariable logistic regression of FEC data from horses that had not received 22 anthelmintic during the study. In total, 573 horses were sampled at S1, 468 at S2, 417 23 at S3 and 83 at S4. Results showed that between S1 and S4, 73.5% (61/83) horses 24 remained in the same egg shedding category and 94.0% (78/83) in the same treatment 25 category. For horses that did not receive anthelmintic (n=304), 90.4% (225/304) 26 remained in the same egg shedding category. Horses under 5 years-old were more 27 likely to change egg shedding (odds ratio, OR 3.3, 95% CI: 1.22-8.46) and treatment 28 (OR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-6.3) categories compared to older horses. These results suggest 29 a high level of consistency in strongyle egg shedding in individuals within one 30 season, and withholding anthelmintics from horses with negative or low (i.e. <50 epg) 31 FEC does not appear to be associated with significant increases in egg shedding. 32 33 34
Codes of Ethics of Selected Malaysian Companies: Contents, Processes and Effectiveness

Corporate codes of ethics attempt to influence and institutionalize the primary corporate values and behavioural norms in employees particularly and such other stakeholders as customers and suppliers. This study focuses on the contents, processes and efficacy of Malaysian corporate codes applying a questionnaire survey and code content analysis of corporations drawn from selected lists. Code occurrence was high among Malaysian companies although, given the relatively small respondent number, no clear links appear between demographics and the adoption of ethical codes. Codes tended to be modeled on extant documents (other companies, headquarters or industry) indicating little, if any, stakeholder participation while its administration was vested primarily with management. Malaysian ethical codes are rule-based, legalistic documents preserving the company's interests although some tendency towards becoming more value-laden and embedding moral foundations were discerned. Codes were primarily distributed to employees with little ethical training provided. Code enforcement was reflected in facilities for reporting violations, formal disciplinary procedures and avenues for staff to seek advice or offer suggestions. However, confidentiality issues cloud the effectiveness of this feedback mechanism. Most employees felt that code enforcement was central to the perception of its efficacy. Some cross-cultural comparisons are also analyzed.
Impact evaluation of Netherlands supported programmes in the area of Energy and Development Cooperation in Rwanda.Impact Evaluation of Rwanda’s National Domestic Biogas Programme

This report is part of an evaluation commissioned by the Policy and Operations Evaluation Department (IOB) of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It belongs to a series of impact evaluations of renewable energy and development programmes supported by the Netherlands, with a focus on the medium and long term effects of these programmes on end-users or final beneficiaries. A characteristic of these studies is the use of mixed methods, that is, quantitative research techniques in combination with qualitative techniques. The purpose of the impact evaluations is to account for assistance provided and to draw policy lessons. The results of these evaluations will serve as inputs to a policy evaluation of the “Promoting Renewable Energy Programme” (PREP) to be concluded in 2014.
The analysis of the determinants of housing prices

Fundamental determinants of housing prices which affect housing demand and supply are the most common in developed countries. These are economic and financial determinants as well as demographic indicators. However, housing price analysis in less developed countries submit controversial and not sufficient results about the impact of interest rate, inflation and unemployment. Moreover, it does not investigate the influence of demographic variables and the means of economic policy. In this article the effect of GDP, unemployment, inflation, interest rate, emigration and the means of macroprudential policy on housing prices in Lithuania was evaluated. The results showed that inflation, interest rate and emigration are not causal determinants of housing prices, which mostly depend on GDP, unemployment, the means of macroprudential policy and the average housing prices in the previous period.
Causal Relationships between Financial Development, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth the Case of Nigeria

This study examined the causal relationships among financial development, foreign direct investment and economic growth in Nigeria over the period 1970 to 2009. The study utilized the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) for unit root test and the variables were found to be stationary, though not in their level form but in their first difference. The Johansen and Juselius (JJ) co-integration technique indicated the presence of co-integration among the variables. The tri-variate vector error correction model (VECM) test for the causal relationships showed the presence of causality among financial development, foreign investment and economic growth. The study concluded that financial development and foreign direct investment have a statistically significant causal influence on economic growth.
Fish Community Structure of Sandha River: A Link Analysis towards FisheriesManagement and Conservation

Sandha River water regime is used as a nursery, feeding and breeding places by commercially important fish species due to the presence of unique environment. Therefore, the present study has been conducted to assess water quality parameters, fish species abundance, fish diversity indices, conservation issues and management policy to guard the valuable aquatic resources of Sandha River from March 2015 to February 2016. Among the water quality parameters, temperature and pH were found at a slight rising level which possessed insignificant negative correlation with fish species abundance (p<0.01). Fish diversity indices were calculated of which the value of Shannon-Wiener Index just above 3 which indicated the river ecosystem still approving good fish community structure where lower value of richness described short food webs. Garretts Ranking Technique was applied to identify the reasons behind the decline of Sandha River fish species over the periods. The study, therefore, concluded that the river has experienced with slight climate modifications and significant anthropogenic activities especially huge fishing pressure which in a feedback reduce the fisheries stock resources with time. Community-based fisheries management (CBFM) hence would be an appropriate tool to make the water resources sustainable.
Innovative products and services with environmental benefits: design of search strategies for external knowledge and absorptive capacity

Although the antecedents of environmental innovation and open innovation strategies have been well-studied separately, the relationship between a firm's openness and environmental technological innovation still remains an interesting topic to research, especially in terms of the various modes of openness on the one hand and the product–process distinction on the other. This study relies on data from the French Community Innovation Survey to differentiate the association of three dimensions of open inbound innovation search strategies – acquiring, sharing, and information sourcing – with environmental product (ecoproduct) and process (ecoprocess) innovations. Inbound innovation, attained through the acquisition of machinery, equipment, and software, is more likely to be associated with ecoprocess than ecoproduct innovations; external R&D only drives ecoproducts. Inbound sharing through R&D cooperation seems associated with the introduction of both ecoproducts and ecoprocesses. For inbound innovation sourcing, external market sources of information are positively associated with firms’ involvement in all types of environmental innovation.
The influence of anticipated regret on business start-up behaviour

This research note aims to develop the emotional underpinning of early-stage entrepreneurship by examining the influence of anticipated regret, a negative emotion, on the transformation of latent entrepreneurs into nascent entrepreneurs. Drawing on regret regulation theory and two waves of survey data, the analysis demonstrates that anticipated regret manifests as a, feeling for doing, by pushing latent entrepreneurs towards engaging in business start-up behaviour. We conclude that negative emotions exert an important influence on behavioural regulation in early-stage entrepreneurship, fostering the transition from latent to nascent entrepreneurship.
Has the Japanese Economy become More Open? Ist die japanische Wirtschaft offener geworden?

Statistical analysis indicates that Japan trades less than most other OECD countries even after controlling for economic and natural factors. Border barriers to trade, domestic regulations, peculiar national standards, and business practices cannot explain Japan’s low trade dependency. The paper argues that imports to Japan need to be supported by FDI in sales, marketing and service activities in order to fulfil the high quality and service requirements that Japanese customers have. However, the predominance of internal labour markets presents an important structural barrier to inward FDI. In combination, high quality requirements and structural barriers to FDI could therefore at least partly explain why Japan trades so little. If the argument is correct, attempts by the Japanese government to increase trade and FDI through further deregulation and liberalisation will do little to improve the situation.
Violence and Sexuality

This article is an empirical profile of defendants charged with acts of violence alone, such as assault; violence and sexuality, such as rape; and purely sexual, such as exposure. The three groups are compared along four types of variables: background, medical and mental health history, psychiatric, and some derived from the circumstance of the criminal event.
The scaling exponent of residual nonwetting phase cluster size distributions in porous media

During an imbibition process in two‐phase subsurface flow the imbibing phase can displace the nonwetting phase up to an endpoint at which a residual saturation is reached (which cannot be reduced further by additional wetting phase flow due to the complex pore network of the rock and associated strong capillary forces which trap the nonwetting phase). The residual nonwetting phase is split into many disconnected clusters of different sizes. This size distribution is of key importance, for instance, in the context of hydrocarbon recovery, contaminant transport, or CO2 geostorage; and it is well established that this size distribution follows a power law. However, there is significant uncertainty associated with the exact value of the distribution exponent τ, which mathematically describes the size distribution. To reduce this uncertainty and to better constrain τ, we analyzed a representative experimental data set with mathematically rigorous methods, and we demonstrate that τ is substantially smaller (≈1.1) than previously suggested. This raises increasing doubt that simple percolation models can accurately predict subsurface fluid flow behavior; and this has serious consequences for subsurface flow processes: hydrocarbon recovery is easier than predicted, but CO2 geostorage dissolution trapping capacities are significantly reduced and potential remobilization of residual CO2 is more likely than previously believed.
Effect of Calcium on Uptake of Cadmium in Maize Seedlings

Cadmium is the highest heavy metal in terms of damage to plant growth. Its toxicity and alleviation by calcium in 1-week-old maize seedlings were studied. The seedlings were treated with cadmium at concentrations of 100 μM for six days. Application of 10 and 20 μM calcium was able to alleviate cadmium toxicity through some mechanisms. The alleviatation showed by calcium adding to cadmium treatment through declining in lipid peroxidation, anthocyanin concentration, proline content and cadmium uptake and rising in leaf chlorophyll and cartenoid compared to cadmium treatment, significantly.