Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the initialization of adaptive learning algorithms: a review of methods and a new smoothing-based routine

We provide a critical review on the methods previously adopted into the literature of learning and expectations in macroeconomics in order to initialize its underlying learning algorithms either for simulation or empirical purposes. We find that none of these methods is able to pass the sieve of both criteria of coherence to the algorithm long run behavior and of feasibility within the data availability restrictions for macroeconomics. We then propose a smoothing-based initialization routine, and show through simulations that our method meets both those criteria in exchange for a higher computational cost. A simple empirical application is also presented to demonstrate the relevance of initialization for beginning-of-sample inferences.
Reading Interests of Individualized and Basal Textbook Programs for Intermediate Grades.

In order to determine the effects of the teachingof-reading methods of Individualized Reading and Basal Textbook on children's reading interests, frequency of reading, and actual book preferences, a three-page form entitled Independent Reading Interests Inventory was administered to 396 boys and girls in grades 4 to 6 within two schools of the same district which represented these approaches to reading. This study did not find a significant difference in the children's range of reading interests between the two schools. There is little relationship concerning the instructional method of teaching reading and the children's reading interests. However, it was found that fourthgraders appear to have a wider range of reading interests than children in fifth or sixth grade. As the grade level went up to fifth and sixth, reading interests declined. This study found a significant difference in the frequency of reading between the two schools as relating to the reading approach. The Basal Textbook school children reported significantly fewer hours spent in independent reading than the Individualized Reading school. The Individualized Reading school's girls spent significantly more hours independently reading than the Basal Textbook school's girls. These data furnished new information concerning intermediate-age girls and supports a popularly held opinion that girls read more than boys. The children's ranked reading interests of the two schools showed a significant correlation. Mysteries are still top choice, with ghost stories and humorous stories close favorites. Religion, poetry, family stories, science stories, stories of countries, fairy tales, and grade readers were relegated to the bottom half of the ranking list; however, a library corroboration showed that the children withdrew books on animals, family stories, and science stories as top choices along with mysteries. The children's actual book choices showed a pref.o erence for animal stories over all others. The Individualized Reading school children were able tc, write significantly more preferred book choice titles than the Basal Textbook school, indicating a wider knowledge and familiarity with tradebook titles not so readily available in the confines of a Basal Textbook Reading program.
Body Schema plasticity after tool-use

We all have a body : our own body and just one body. Through it, we move, we interact with the world and other persons, we perceive, basically we live. It’s a unique essential object. If it is true that we have only one physical body, we also have many representations of it in the brain. There is little agreement about the exact number of body representations in the brain, but not on the fact that we have more than one. The multi-componential models of body representation are based on the notion, supported by scientific evidence that different activities demand and rely on specifically adapted representations. In my thesis, I studied one particular body representation that is used and involved in action planning and execution, i.e. the Body Schema. I have been able to describe and measure the plasticity of the Body Schema and its level of specificity in healthy individuals. In particular, using a tool-use paradigm, I showed that the Body Schema is quickly and efficiently updated once a change in the body configuration occurs. With a series of kinematic studies, I contributed unveiling the ingredients that rule the plasticity of the BS and the sensory information that is used to this purpose. As a result of my thesis, I suggest that a clearer definition and operational description of the Body Schema, as an action-devoted repertoire of effectors representations, is possible, particularly thanks to its plastic features
What we see changes how we see : analyzing the plasticity of the horizontal effect.

s and Presentations Schweinhart, A.M. (2010, May). The Orientation Content of Art Images. Experimental Seminar Series. Lecture conducted from University of Louisville, Louisville, KY Schweinhart, A. M. , Essock, E. A. , & Kim, Y. (2011). Anisotropy in Paintings: A reflection of structural anisotropy in natural scenes? Journal of Vision, 11(11): 1163; doi:10.1167/11.11. 1163. Abstract. Poster Williams, H.G. , Schweinhart, A.M., O’Keefe, E.M. , Haun, A.M., & Essock, E.A. (2012). Aesthetic Preference of Oriented Content: Relation to the Anisotropic Content of Natural Scenes. Journal of Vision, 12(9): 1084; doi:10.1167/12.9. 1084. Abstract. Poster. Schweinhart, A.M., Dubinchik, M. , O’Keefe, E.M. , Williams, H.G. , & Essock, E.A. (2012). Regularities in the Anisotropic Content of Portrait and Landscape Paintings: A Corollary to the Horizontal Effect Anisotropy of Visual Processing. Journal of Vision, 12(9); doi:10.1167/12.9. 842. Abstract. Poster. Schweinhart, A.M. & Essock, E.A. (2012). Structural Regularities in Paintings: Correspondence to Natural Scenes and Human Visual Processing. Visual Science of Art Conference, Alghero, Italy. Abstract. Poster.
Making Sense of a New World: Learning to Read in a Second Language

Setting the Scene PART ONE: EMERGENT BILINGUALS AND THE READING PROCESS: UNDERSTANDING CULTURES, CODES AND CONTEXTS Interpreting the Social Context The Context of the Mind PART TWO: EMERGENT BILINGUALS IN THE CLASSROOM Starting from the Known The 'Inside-Out' Approach to Reading Introducing the Unknown The 'Outside-In' Approach to Reading Listening to Children Reading Epilogue
Second Language Acquisition Processes in the Classroom: Learning Japanese

Contents: Preface. From Social Tool to Cognitive Resource: Foreign Language Development as a Process of Dynamic Internalization. Private Speech: A Window on Classroom Foreign Language Acquisition. Peer Interactive Tasks and Assisted Performance in Classroom Language Learning. A Learner-Centered Analysis of Corrective Feedback as a Resource in Foreign Language Development. The Development of Interactional Style in the First-Year Classroom: Learning to Listen in Japanese. From Task to Activity: Relating Task Design and Implementation to Language Use in Peer Interaction. Appendix.
A comparison of a visual-spatial approach and a verbal approach to teaching early secondary school mathematics

5 CONTENTS . 6 1. MATHEMATICS . 11 1.1 The underlying nature of mathematics . 12 1.11 Realism . 12 1.12 Constructivism . 14 1.13 „Constructivist realism‟ . 14 1.2 Mathematical understanding . 16 1.21 Concrete and abstract . 16 1.22 Process and concept . 18 1.23 Translation between ways of thinking . 20 1.3 The visual-verbal distinction in mathematics . 21 1.31 The visual side of mathematics . 21 1.32 Language and mathematics . 23 1.4 Mathematics in schools . 27 1.41 The practice of mathematicians . 29 1.411 Visual methods . 30 1.42 Identifying learners‟ mathematical problems. 33 1.5 Summary . 35 2. COGNITION, LEARNING AND VISUAL-SPATIAL THINKING. 37 2.1 Cognitive development . 37 2.2 Abilities and processes. 41 2.3 Other dichotomies . 48 2.31 Explicit and implicit processes . 48 2.32 Procedural and declarative knowledge . 53 2.4 Styles . 55 2.5 Summary . 58 3. MATHEMATICS AND VISUALISATION . 60 3.1 Visualisation of mathematics . 61 3.11 A visual-spatial sense of numbers . 61 3.12 Using visual-spatial models in mathematics . 64 3.2 Visualisers doing mathematics . 68
PENGARUH SERTIFIKASI TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA, KEPUASAN KERJA & KINERJA GURU BK SMAN

Penelitian ini mengkaji masalah utama sertifikasi terhadap kinerja guru Bimbingan dan Konseling Sarjana Bimbingan dan Konseling yang bertugas di SMA Negeri di Sulawesi Selatan. Kajian selanjutnya adalah pengaruh sertifikasi terhadap motivasi kerja dan kepuasan kerja guru Bimbingan dan Konseling. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey yang bersifat kuantitatif dan instrumen yang digunakan adalah skala penilaian dan dokumentasi. Teknik pengolahan data dengan Analisis Jalur model Amos untuk uji pengaruh (sertifikasi, motivasi, kepuasan dan kinerja) dan Anava uji perbedaan (portofolio, pelatihan dan belum sertifikasi) dengan didahului Analisis Deskriptif.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (i) potret atau gambaran deskripsi sertifikasi bentuk portofolio dan pelatihan terhadap motivasi kerja, kepuasan kerja dan kinerja guru bimbingan dan konseling, (ii) pengaruh sertifikasi terhadap motivasi kerja, kepuasan kerja dan kinerja konselor, (iii) pengaruh motivai kerja dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja konselor dan (iv) pengaruh kepuaan kerja terhadap motivasi kerja konselor. Populasi dan sampel penelitian ini adalah konselor SMAN di Sulawesi Selatan populasi berjumlah 304 orang dan sampel yang diambil dengan teknik stratified random sampling (area sampling) yang berjumlah 163 orang pada subjek untuk delapan Kota/Kabupaten pada area timur, selatan, tengah dan utara. Subjek uji coba lapangan berjumlah 41 orang untuk SMK Negeri dan Swasta, MA Negeri dan Swasta serta SMA Swasta di Makasar. Hasil penelitian adalah (i) gambaran deskripsi m ean atau rata-rata, median dan standard deviation pada kinerja, motivasi dan kepuasan kerja guru bimbingan dan konseling cenderung bervariasi, tetapi tidak memiliki perbedaan signifikan, dan menunjukkan kurve-normal, tidak mencong ke kiri atau mencong ke kanan secara ekstrim. (ii) ada pengaruh sertifikasi terhadap motivasi kerja dan kepuasan kerja, (iii) ada pengaruh motivasi kerja dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja konselor pada penilaian kinerja tertentu, dan (iv) ada pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap motivasi kerja konselor di sekolah
London penetration depth in Ba(Fe 1-x T x ) 2 As 2 (T=Co,Ni) superconductors irradiated with heavy ions

Irradiation with Pb ions was used to study the effect of disorder on the in-plane London penetration depth, {Lambda}(T), in single crystals of Ba(Fe{sub 1-x}T{sub x}){sub 2}As{sub 2} (T = Co, Ni). An increase in the irradiation dose results in a monotonic decrease in the superconducting transition temperature, T{sub c}, without affecting much the transition width. In both Co- and Ni-doped systems we find a power-law behavior, {Delta}{lambda}(T){proportional_to} T{sup n} with the exponent n systematically decreasing with the increase in disorder. This observation, at qualitative odds with the response of s- and d-wave superconductors, finds natural explanation in a nodeless s{sup {+-}} state with pairbreaking (interband) impurity scattering. We are able to describe the effect quantitatively assuming the pairbreaking strength intermediate between Born and unitary limits.
Pion femtoscopy in p+p collisions at √s=200 GeV

The STAR Collaboration at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured two-pion correlation functions from p + p collisions at √s = 200 GeV. Spatial scales are extracted via a femtoscopic analysis of the correlations, though this analysis is complicated by the presence of strong nonfemtoscopic effects. Our results are put into the context of the world data set of femtoscopy in hadron-hadron collisions.We present the first direct comparison of femtoscopy in p + p and heavy ion collisions, under identical analysis and detector conditions.
Business Control in a Theory-Practice Perspective

There is a never-ending debate about practice relevance within management accounting and control research. This dissertation contributes to an understanding of the gap claimed between theory and practice. The concepts of theory and practice are discussed, and the key finding is that there is no unanimous definition of the concepts, something which may contribute to confusion about the content of the gap. Moreover, in addition to having multiple meanings, the concepts are often applied implicitly. In this dissertation, the concepts are considered according to the following: (1) theory as ideas and hypotheses which explain something, and (2) practice as a translation of these ideas into action. The gap is a discrepancy between the ideas and how these ideas are executed. There is an underlying assumption that this gap matters only if theories in some way do not have an impact on managerial decisions. The papers describe certain situations where this gap is present and relevant. Based on a multiple case study, Paper 1 investigates the ideals of risk reporting in light of the concept of enterprise risk management, a concept that is introduced by consultants and promoted by governing bodies. The main finding is that the ideals of enterprise risk management are not implemented in practice. The topic of Paper 2 is the use of investment analysis techniques and choice of cost of capital. The survey shows that net present value and weighted average cost of capital have the most widespread use. The paper discusses possible causes and consequences of the gap between theory and practice among these well-established methods. The purpose of Paper 3 is to study whether the introductory budgeting textbooks have changed over the past 20 years, as expected based on criticism from both academics and practitioners. This bibliographic study of an important bridge between theory and practice finds only minor traces of the critique being incorporated in new editions of textbooks. Paper 4 addresses the question of how cost-based pricing can be performed in the presence of uncertainty and risk. The paper exemplifies one possible strategy for determining internal and external prices in order to reduce the risk of losses that arise from under-allocation of costs. In contrast to the other three papers, this one is normative. In addition, the introduction presents a normative framework which can be applied by researchers to precis in their communication with businesses the purposes for which certain objects are studied. Practitioners can apply the framework when configuring their control package. The introduction closes with specific implications of the dissertation for researchers, lecturers and practitioners, three target groups with different perspectives on management accounting and control. All over the present work also contribute to management accounting and control research by applying mixed-methods and thus crossing paradigms something which is rarely observed in the literature.
Role of stress pattern in production and processing of compound words and phrases in Mandarin Chinese

The present thesis investigates the role of prosodic stress (i.e. lexical versus phrasal stress) on the auditory processing of Mandarin Chinese ambiguous compound /phrase minimal pairs. Two types of compound/phrase minimal pairs were used: 1) Compound word with a neutral tone (e.g. dong3xi0 "thing") vs. phrase with a full tone (e.g. dong3xi1 "east and west") distinguished by the final syllable tone realization; 2) Verb-Noun (VN) compound word (e.g. 'chaofan "fried rice") and Verb-Object (VO) phrase (e.g. chao'fan "fry the rice") distinguished by the position of the prosodic stress. Combined behavioral and neurophysiological data demonstrate that 1) the final syllable was more lengthened and the F0 range was larger in VO than in VN, 2) prosodic structure does assist the processing system in anticipating morphological structure, and 3) a right-to-left hierarchical processing of prosodic information in addition to a sequential left-to-right one is involved during the processing of ambiguous spoken sequences in Mandarin Chinese. Taken together, our findings allowed us to precise the functional and structural description of the Prosody-Assisted-Processing (PAP) model for Mandarin Chinese.
Proyek Buku Digital: Upaya Peningkatan Keterampilan Abad 21 Calon Guru Sekolah Dasar Melalui Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek

Model model pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis, berkolaborasi, berkomunikasi dan berpikir kreatif sangat dibutuhkan dalam era pendidikan abad 21. Pembelajaran berbasis proyek (PBL) menjadi salah satu model pembelajaran yang tidak hanya membekali siswa dengan ilmu pengetahuan namun dalam proses pengerjaan proyek tersebut menuntut siswa untuk dapat mengimplementasikan pemahamannya dalam kehidupan nyata melalui kerja sama dalam tim untuk membuat sebuah buku bahasa Indonesia untuk siswa sekolah dasar dalam bentuk digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus, yang melibatkan 40 orang mahasiswa Program studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, UPI Kampus Purwakarta. Adapun instrumen yang digunakan antara lain dokumen analisis (berupa self report siswa selama pelaksanaan PBL), rubrik keterampilan abad 21, kuesioner dan expert judgement dari guru bahasa Indonesia di sekolah dasar. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat mengoptimalkan proses peningkatan keterampilan abad 21 calon guru sekolah dasar. Dari hasil penelitian ini juga diharapkan adanya deskripsi mengenai peran model pembelajaran berbasis proyek terhadap keterampilan abad 21 dan dihasilkan model proyek yang dapat digunakan untuk mendukung proses peningkatan keterampilan abad 21 calon guru sekolah dasar, yang nantinya dapat digunakan sebagai acuan untuk Mata Kuliah Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Kelas Tinggi di kampus UPI Purwakarta.
Reliability of the Mean Length of Utterance Measure in Samples of Children's Language

Reliability of the Mean Length of Utterance Measure in Samples of Children's Language Katherine Bigelow Department of Communication Disorders, BYU Master of Science Mean length of utterance (MLU) is widely used in child language sample analysis as a way to quantify language development. The current study examines the split-half reliability of MLU and two alternative measures: MLU2 and median length of utterance (MdLU). The effects of utterance segmentation into phonological units (P-units) or communication units (C-units) on reliability were also studied. Sixty conversational child language samples were used which included ten children with language impairment. All measures were found to have high levels of split-half reliability, with MLU and MLU2 having higher levels of reliability than MdLU. There was no significant difference between MLU and MLU2. The differences in reliability when segmented into P-units or C-units were inconsistent. Overall, MLU and MLU2 are adequately reliable measures for clinical use.
Design of concrete columns based on EC2 tabulated data – A critical review

ENV 1992-1-2, the fire part of the concrete Eurocode, proposes different tables for the design of simple concrete elements submitted to the ISO fire. Table 4.1 is the table valid for concrete columns. For six fire resistance times Rf = 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minutes, and for three load ratio μfi = 0.2, 0.5 and 0.7, an acceptable solution is given in term of the minimum dimension of the section bmin and axis distance a from the re-bar to the edge of the section. The application of this table is not as easy as one could believe at first glance especially when it comes to assessing the fire resistance time of existing elements which are different from the recommended solutions. This is because a double interpolation has to be done, on Rf and on μfi, because the criteria is based on 2 different variables, bmin and a, and because the load ratio is not available from the room temperature design (not to mention the complication created by clause 4.2.3 (6)). In this paper, a graphic is presented that allows an easier application of this table 4.1. This table has been compared with experimental test results from the University of Braunschweig, the University of Gent, the University of Liege and the National Research Council of Ottawa. It appears that virtually no correlation exists between the results predicted by the table and the results of the tests. Even more alarming is the fact that there is a systematic tendency of the table to yield unsafe results. An alternative table is presented here, accompanied by a simple calculation equation that allows to easily derive the fire resistance for situations that are different from the ones proposed in the table.
Text Mining in Health Records : Classification of Text to Facilitate Information Flow and Data Overview

This project consists of two parts. In the first part we apply techniques from the field of text mining to classify sentences in encounter notes of the electronic health record (EHR) into classes of {it subjective}, {it objective} and {it plan} character. This is a simplification of the {it SOAP} standard, and is applied due to the way GPs structure the encounter notes. Structuring the information in a subjective, objective, and plan way, may enhance future information flow between the EHR and the personal health record (PHR). In the second part of the project we seek to use apply the most adequate to classify encounter notes from patient histories of patients suffering from diabetes. We believe that the distribution of sentences of a subjective, objective, and plan character changes according to different phases of diseases. In our work we experiment with several preprocessing techniques, classifiers, and amounts of data. Of the classifiers considered, we find that Complement Naive Bayes (CNB) produces the best result, both when the preprocessing of the data has taken place and not. On the raw dataset, CNB yields an accuracy of 81.03%, while on the preprocessed dataset, CNB yields an accuracy of 81.95%. The Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier algorithm yields results comparable to the results obtained by use of CNB, while the J48 classifier algorithm performs poorer. Concerning preprocessing techniques, we find that use of techniques reducing the dimensionality of the datasets improves the results for smaller attribute sets, but worsens the result for larger attribute sets. The trend is opposite for preprocessing techniques that expand the set of attributes. However, finding the ratio between the size of the dataset and the number of attributes, where the preprocessing techniques improve the result, is difficult. Hence, preprocessing techniques are not applied in the second part of the project. From the result of the classification of the patient histories we have extracted graphs that show how the sentence class distribution after the first diagnosis of diabetes is set. Although no empiric research is carried out, we believe that such graphs may, through further research, facilitate the recognition of points of interest in the patient history. From the same results we also create graphs that show the average distribution of sentences of subjective, objective, and plan character for 429 patients after the first diagnosis of diabetes is set. From these graphs we find evidence that there is an overrepresentation of subjective sentences in encounter notes where the diagnosis of diabetes is first set. However, we believe that similar experiments for several diseases, may uncover patterns or trends concerning the diseases in focus.