Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of an internal teat seal associated with a dry cow intramammary antibiotic for prevention of intramammary infections in dairy cows during the dry and early lactation periods

Molina L.R. , Costa H.N. , Leão J.M. , Malacco V.M. R. , Facury Filho E.J., Carvalho A.U. & Lage C.F. A. 2017. Efficacy of an internal teat seal associated with a dry cow intramammary antibiotic for prevention of intramammary infections in dairy cows during the dry and early lactation periods. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37(5):465-470. Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Cx. Postal 567, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil. E-mail: lmolina@vet.ufmg. br The present study aimed to evaluate the use of an internal dry period teat seal containing bismuth subnitrate (Teatseal®, Zoetis®, Florham Park, Nova Jersey, USA) associated with a long-acting cloxacilin preparation (Orbenin® Extra dry cow, Zoetis®, Florham Park, Nova Jersey, USA), in preventing new infections during the dry-off and early postpartum period. A total of 150 Holstein cows (average production of 9,000 kg of milk per lactation), with four functional udder quarters without clinical mastitis was included in the study. All animals were dried-off 60 days before the expected calving date. Two teats positioned diagonal-contralaterally received only dry cow antibiotic, control group C (n=300) and the other two teats, treatment group T (n=300) received dry cow antibiotic and infusion with an internal teat seal. Data from SCC variable were transformed by log base-10 transformation. Duncan’s test was used accepting 5% as the level of statistical significance. The occurrence of intramammary infection (IMI) and chronicity rate, and frequency of microorganisms isolated at drying and immediately postpartum in teats of group C and group T were evaluated using a non-parametric Chi-square Test, accepting 10% as the statistical significance level. There was a decrease in the occurrence of new infections in the early postpartum in cows which the sealant was used (C=19.6%, T=11.4%). In the postpartum period, Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from 16 teats in C and seven in T. The greatest reduction was observed for Escherichia coli (8 vs 1) in group T. There was no effect using the internal sealant on the frequency of isolation of environmental Streptococus. The use of sealant reduced the prevalence of subclinical mastitis cows between drying-off and the early postpartum period (C=51% versus T=42%) and resulted in a lower somatic cell count (SCC) in the treatment group when compared with the control group (T=1,073x103, C=1,793x103). The use of the internal teat seal combined with dry cow antibiotic is effective in the prevention of IMI during the dry period and early lactation and results in the reduction of SCC in immediate postpartum period. The treatment is effective in reducing infection between dry-off and the immediate postpartum caused by major and minor pathogens. However, no effect on infections caused by contagious pathogens was observed.
Water temperature as a factor in handwashing efficacy

For many years, sanitarians have specified that the hands of food service workers should be washed and rinsed in warm or hot water to reduce the risk of cross-contamination and disease transmission. In the food service environment, it has been suggested that handwashing with water at higher temperatures contributes to skin damage when frequent handwashing is necessitated, and that insistence on hot water usage is a deterrent to handwashing compliance. Separate handwashing studies involving different water temperatures and soap types (antibacterial versus non-antibacterial) were performed. The ‘glove-juice’ technique was employed for microbial recovery from hands in both studies. Initial work evaluated antimicrobial efficacy based on water temperature during normal handwashing with bland soap. Uninoculated, sterile menstrua (tryptic soy broth or hamburger meat) was used to study the effects of treatment temperatures (4.4°C, 12.8°C, 21.1°C, 35°C or 48.9°C) on the reduction of resident microflora, while Serratia marcescens-inoculated menstrua was used to evaluate treatment effects on the reduction of transient contamination. Results of this first study indicated that water temperature exhibits no effect on transient or resident bacterial reduction during normal handwashing with bland soap. The follow-up study examined the efficacy and skin irritation potential involving water temperatures with antimicrobial soaps. Hands of participants were contaminated with Escherichia coli inoculated ground beef, washed at one of two water temperatures (29°C or 43°C) using one of four highly active (USDA E2 equivalency) antibacterial soaps having different active ingredients (PCMX, Iodophor, Quat or Triclosan). Skin condition was recorded visually and with specialized instrumentation before and after repeated washing (12 times daily), measuring total moisture content, transepidermal water loss and erythema. Overall, the four soap products produced similar efficacy results. Although there were slight increases in Log10 reductions, visual skin irritation, loss of skin moisture content and transepidermal water loss at higher temperatures, results were not statistically significant for any parameter.
Higher-level phylogeny of the insect order Hemiptera: is Auchenorrhyncha really paraphyletic?

The higher-level phylogeny of the order Hemiptera remains a contentious topic in insect systematics. The controversy is chiefly centred on the unresolved question of whether or not the hemipteran suborder Auchenorrhyncha (including the extant superfamilies Fulgoroidea, Membracoidea, Cicadoidea and Cercopoidea) is a monophyletic lineage. Presented here are the results of a multilocus molecular phylogenetic investigation of relationships among the major hemipteran lineages, designed specifically to address the question of Auchenorrhyncha monophyly in the context of broad taxonomic sampling across Hemiptera. Phylogenetic analyses (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) were based on DNA nucleotide sequence data from seven gene regions (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, histone H3, histone 2A, wingless, cytochrome c oxidase I and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4) generated from 86 in-group exemplars representing all major lineages of Hemiptera (plus seven out-group taxa). All combined analyses of these data recover the monophyly of Auchenorrhyncha, and also support the monophyly of each of the following lineages: Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Heteropterodea, Heteroptera, Fulgoroidea, Cicadomorpha, Membracoidea, Cercopoidea and Cicadoidea. Also presented is a review of the major lines of morphological and molecular evidence for and against the monophyly of Auchenorrhyncha.
Comparison of Resistance Level to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Among Commercial Cultivars and Breeding Lines.

The effect of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) on total yield and yield components of various resistant F1 tomato cultivars and new breeding lines was evaluated in the field. Seeds of the F1 hybrids 8484, 3761, Fiona, and Tyking and the new breeding lines TY172 and TY197 were sown in an insect-proof greenhouse. When the seedlings reached the first-leaf stage, they were inoculated with TYLCV by means of the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci. Noninoculated plants of the same cultivar or line which were exposed to nonviruliferous whiteflies served as controls. After a short recovery period, the plants were transplanted to the field. The inoculated plants of each cultivar or line were compared with their respective control, noninoculated plants, in terms of total yield, average fruit weight and number, and plant fresh weight. Disease symptom development and virus accumulation in the inoculated plants were monitored. There were substantial differences among the different entries tested in the extent of yield loss relative to the corresponding noninoculated control plants as well as viral DNA accumulation levels. Plants of TY172 and TY197 suffered the least relative yield loss and contained the lowest level of viral DNA. Therefore, these two lines exhibited the highest level of resistance. These results clearly demonstrate the ability of the various resistant tomato cultivars and lines to inhibit the effects of the virus, even following inoculation at a very early stage of plant development.
1 Adaptive Structures for Structural Health Monitoring

For some time the adaptive structures community has focused on transducer effects, and the closest advance into actually having a structural system show signs of intelligence is to include adaptive control implemented with a smart material. Here we examine taking this a step further by combining embedded computing with a smart structural system in an attempt to form an autonomous sensor system. The focus here is based on an integrated structural health monitoring system that consists of a completely wireless, active sensor with embedded electronics, power and computing. Structural health monitoring is receiving increased attention in industrial sectors and in government regulatory agencies as a method of reducing maintenance costs and preventing disasters. Here we propose and discuss an integrated autonomous sensor ‘patch’ that contains the following key elements: sensing, energy harvesting from ambient vibration and temperature, energy storage, local computing/decision making, memory, actuation and
Is Pre-Pulseless Takayasu ’ s Arteritis Always Treatable ?

The management of TA remains a complex clinical challenge from the onset. The nonspecific nature of the symptoms at presentation and the absence of physical signs result in delayed diagnosis in at least 20% of cases [1]. Once vessel stenosis occurs, abnormal hemodynamics from altered blood flow lead to further damage to the vessel wall. Damage begets more damage, which can eventually culminate in complete occlusion of the vessel due to fibrosis, intimal plaques and thrombi. A large majority of patients continue to remain minimally symptomatic; they manifest only when the precarious blood supply from collateral vessels is compromised due to dehydration or other factors. It is commonly believed that early diagnosis is essential to allow therapy to limit inflammation before damage occurs in the form of pulse loss [2]. The unique findings in our case challenge the concept that this is always successful.
Free Radical-scavenging, Nitrite-scavenging, and N-nitrosamine Formation Inhibitory Activities of Extracts from Kunlun Compositae Tea (Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.)

Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. , Asteraceae, is widely used as an ornamental plant and as a popular tea production in China. In this paper, we report about the free radical-scavenging, nitrite-scavenging and N-nitrosamine formation inhibitory activities of ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and n-butanol extract (BE) of C. tinctoria ﬂowering tops (CTF). The results showed the BE contained higher total phenolic content (TPC) , total flavonoid content (TFC) and total proanthocyanidin (TPA) contents with DPPH, ABTS and *OH radical-scavenging activities (IC50) of 25.79±2.753, 26.61±3.158 and 2349.8±0.672 μg/ml, respectively. However, EAE showed higher radical-scavenging activities, with IC50 ABTS and *OH values of 13.71±2.973 and 321.6±0.576 μg/ml, respectively. The nitrite-scavenging and N-nitrosamine inhibitory activities (IC50) of EAE were 122.10±1.03 and 2362.86±11.26 μg/ml, respectively, whereas those of BE were 118.23±1.30 and 2182.79±10.74 μg/ml, respectively. Given these activities, we propose that CTF can be potentially used as a rich source of natural free radical and nitrite scavengers.
A comparative study of computational solutions to flow over a backward-facing step

A comparative study was conducted for computational fluid dynamic solutions to flow over a backward-facing step. This flow is a benchmark problem, with a simple geometry, but involves complicated flow physics such as free shear layers, reattaching flow, recirculation, and high turbulence intensities. Three Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow solvers with k-epsilon turbulence models were used, each using a different solution algorithm: finite difference, finite element, and hybrid finite element - finite difference. Comparisons were made with existing experimental data. Results showed that velocity profiles and reattachment lengths were predicted reasonably well by all three methods, while the skin friction coefficients were more difficult to predict accurately. It was noted that, in general, selecting an appropriate solver for each problem to be considered is important.
Regional scale characteristics of the seasonal cycle of chlorophyll in the Southern Ocean

Abstract. In the Ocean, the seasonal cycle is the mode that couples climate forcing to ecosystem response in production, diversity and carbon export. A better characterisation of the ecosystem's seasonal cycle therefore addresses an important gap in our ability to estimate the sensitivity of the biological pump to climate change. In this study, the regional characteristics of the seasonal cycle of phytoplankton biomass in the Southern Ocean are examined in terms of the timing of the bloom initiation, its amplitude, regional scale variability and the importance of the climatological seasonal cycle in explaining the overall variance. The seasonal cycle was consequently defined into four broad zonal regions; the subtropical zone (STZ), the transition zone (TZ), the Antarctic circumpolar zone (ACZ) and the marginal ice zone (MIZ). Defining the Southern Ocean according to the characteristics of its seasonal cycle provides a more dynamic understanding of ocean productivity based on underlying physical drivers rather than climatological biomass. The response of the biology to the underlying physics of the different seasonal zones resulted in an additional classification of four regions based on the extent of inter-annual seasonal phase locking and the magnitude of the integrated seasonal biomass. This regionalisation contributes towards an improved understanding of the regional differences in the sensitivity of the Southern Oceans ecosystem to climate forcing, potentially allowing more robust predictions of the effects of long term climate trends.
Soil Carbon stocks and their rates of accumulation and loss in a boreal forest landscape

Boreal forests and wetlands are thought to be significant carbon sinks, and they could become net C sources as the Earth warms. Most of the C of boreal forest ecosystems is stored in the moss layer and in the soil. The objective of this study was to estimate soil C stocks (including moss layers) and rates of accumulation and loss for a 733 km2 area of the BOReal Ecosystem‐Atmosphere Study site in northern Manitoba, using data from smaller‐scale intensive field studies. A simple process‐based model developed from measurements of soil C inventories and radiocarbon was used to relate soil C storage and dynamics to soil drainage and forest stand age. Soil C stocks covary with soil drainage class, with the largest C stocks occurring in poorly drained sites. Estimated rates of soil C accumulation or loss are sensitive to the estimated decomposition constants for the large pool of deep soil C, and improved understanding of deep soil C decomposition is needed. While the upper moss layers regrow and accumulate C after fires, the deep C dynamics vary across the landscape, from a small net sink to a significant source. Estimated net soil C accumulation, averaged for the entire 733 km2 area, was 20 g C m−2 yr−1 (28 g C m−2 yr−1 accumulation in surface mosses offset by 8 g C m−2 yr−1 lost from deep C pools) in a year with no fire. Most of the C accumulated in poorly and very poorly drained soils (peatlands and wetlands). Burning of the moss layer in only 1% of uplands would offset the C stored in the remaining 99% of the area. Significant interannual variability in C storage is expected because of the irregular occurrence of fire in space and time. The effects of climate change and management on fire frequency and on decomposition of immense deep soil C stocks are key to understanding future C budgets in boreal forests.
Tacit Knowledge Transfer in Australian Universities: Exploring the Barriers and Enablers

As organisational knowledge is greatly dependent on the tacit knowledge that its employees possess, it is important to pursue strategies that encourage sharing of employees tacit knowledge. However, tacit knowledge sharing can be better promoted by understanding the barriers and enablers of tacit knowledge transfer. As universities are seen as the flag bearers of knowledge creation and dissemination, this paper focuses on identifying the barriers and enablers of tacit knowledge transfer in universities. A qualitative research method was utilised for this study in which interviews of academics from four Australian universities were carried out. The reporting of data is based on a structured interpretative approach drawing demonstrative examples from the interview transcripts. The findings suggest that human, social and culture factors are addressed to ensure successful transfer of tacit knowledge. For effective transfer of tacit knowledge, universities need to create conditions that strengthen the enablers and suppress the barriers
INFLUENCE OF ANKLE TAPING ON DYNAMIC BALANCE PERFORMANCE

This research aimed to investigate the effect of ankle taping on dynamic balance performance. Eighteen recreational athletes without any previous ankle sprain history performed six star excursion balance tests on each leg; randomly three trials with taped ankles and three trials without. A three-layer modified closed-basket inelastic taping technique was used. Normalised (by leg length) reaching distance was measured. It was found 1. Movement direction significantly influenced normalised reaching distance (p<0.01); 2.No significant difference in performance between taped and un-taped conditions (p>0.05). Ankle taping did not affect dynamic balance performance therefore taping could be used without risk of negative impact on balance, and protect from ankle sprain for sportspersons.
The Coptic Universal Dependency Treebank

This paper presents the Coptic Universal Dependency Treebank, the first dependency treebank within the Egyptian subfamily of the Afro-Asiatic languages. We discuss the composition of the corpus, challenges in adapting the UD annotation scheme to existing conventions for annotating Coptic, and evaluate inter-annotator agreement on UD annotation for the language. Some specific constructions are taken as a starting point for discussing several more general UD annotation guidelines, in particular for appositions, ambiguous passivization, incorporation and object-doubling.
Clinical feasibility of sphincter-preserving resection with transanal rectal dissection for low-lying rectal cancer in Japanese patients: a single-center cohort study

Aim: Recently, the transanal down-to-up rectal dissection, a new approach to improve the difficult total mesorectal excision (TME) for low-lying rectal cancer, has been popularized. This study assessed the long-term oncologic and functional outcomes after sphincter-preserving resection combined with transanal rectal dissection (TARD) under direct vision for both complete TME and preservation of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) as much as possible to clarify the clinical feasibility of this approach. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in 90 Japanese patients between April 2003 and March 2012. Results: Abdominoperineal resection (APR) was needed in 17 patients (18.9%) including 14 salvage APRs. Local recurrences occurred in 5 sphincter-preserving resection patients (6.8%). No significant between-group differences were observed in overall survival or 5-year disease-free survival. A significant benefit of preserving the internal anal sphincter completely in sphincter-preserving resection was found on the Wexner incontinence score (P = 0.005), low anterior resection syndrome score (P = 0.002), and visual analogue scale (P = 0.047). Conclusion: TARD, performed under direct vision for both complete TME and preservation of the IAS as much as possible in sphincter-preserving resections for low-lying rectal cancers in Japanese patients, does not negatively impact oncologic outcomes and could have the benefit of minimizing postoperative anorectal dysfunction by preserving the internal anal sphincter.
Applying Slavin's Cooperative Learning Techniques to a College EFL Conversation Class

Whenever cooperative learning is applied, oral skills and conversational skills come into play. In this study, the teacher as researcher introduced Slavin’s teaching techniques of cooperative learning to focus on conversational skills. First the researcher applied the Slavin’s principles of cooperative learning to second language learning in college, and indicated its roots in motivational, cognitive, and social independence theories. The researcher used STAD procedure (Slavin, 1995) adopted Jigsaw II (Slavin, 1995) and Think-Pair Share (Lynan, 1992) techniques to teach conversation. Next, the teacher played the CD of the unit presenting keywords, grammar notes, useful patterns and important ideas. The students should listen carefully for sequence, for gist, and for details to learn and practice imitating words and conversation, then creating dialogues from Soundwaves Book in model authentic situation. Three main exercises were done attentively and repeatedly to have Slavin’s cooperative learning techniques applied in small groups to build the student’s linguistic and conversational competence. It was found that the students had experienced learning motivation to listen and to speak, interpersonal relation, and collaborative work to go toward a common goal. However, the teacher needed to monitor and intervene in the groups.
Cultural Localization : orientation and Disorientation in Japanese Video Games

Que implica localitzar un videojoc japones a una llengua europea? Mitjancant l’analisi d’alguns exemples de localitzacio cultural, aquest article explora les possibilitats de l’adaptacio dels videojocs i la feina multicompetencial del localitzador.
X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy

The previous Reviews in Mineralogy volume on spectroscopic methods (Vol. 18 Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy and Geology , Frank C. Hawthorne, ed. 1988), contained a single chapter on X-ray absorption spectroscopy which reviewed aspects of both EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) and XANES (X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure) (Brown et al. 1988, Chapter 11) However, since publication of that review there have been considerable advances in our understanding of XANES theory and applications. Hence EXAFS and XANES have been separated into their own individual chapters in the current volume. In this chapter we endeavor to bring the reader up to date with regard to current XANES theories, as well as, introducing them to the common applications of the technique in mineralogy, geochemistry and materials science. There have been several reviews of XANES (cf., Brown et al. 1988, Brown and Parks 1989, Manceau et al. 2002, Brown and Sturchio 2002, Mottana 2004, Rehr and Ankudinov 2005, de Groot 2001, 2005, and papers therein). In this chapter on XANES it is not our intention to provide a comprehensive review of all the XANES studies since 1988 but to summarize what X-ray edges are commonly investigated and what one can expect to be able to extract from the data. The reader is also advised to read the chapters in this volume on analytical transmission electron microscopy by Brydson et al. (2014, this volume) where (core level) electron energy loss (EELS) spectroscopy is discussed, and by Lee et al. (2014, this volume) on X-ray Raman spectroscopy (XRS), as these techniques provide element specific information similar to XANES. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation is a well-established technique providing information on the electronic, structural and magnetic properties of matter. In XANES, …