Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy optimization in wireless sensor networks using a hybrid K-means PSO clustering algorithm

Energy saving in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a critical problem for diversity of applications. Data aggregation between sensor nodes is huge unless a suitable sensor data ow management is adopted. Clustering the sensor nodes is considered an effective solution to this problem. Each cluster should have a controller denoted as a cluster head (CH) and a number of nodes located within its supervision area. Clustering demonstrated an effective result in forming the network into a linked hierarchy. Thus, balancing the load distribution in WSNs to make efficient use of the available energy sources and reducing the traffic transmission can be achieved. In solving this problem we need to �nd the optimal distribution of sensors and CHs; thus, we can increase the network lifetime while minimizing the energy consumption. In this paper, we propose our initial idea on providing a hybrid clustering algorithm based on K-means clustering and particle swarm optimization (PSO); named KPSO to achieve efficient energy management of WSNs. Our KPSO algorithm is compared with traditional clustering techniques such as the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol and K-means clustering separately.
High-Efficiency Ultra-Violet Dielectric Meta-Holograms with Antiferromagnetic Resonances

Metasurfaces with spatially varying subwavelength structures enable full control of electromagnetic waves over a wide spectrum. High-efficiency metasurfaces, especially in a transmission mode, are of practical significance in optical elements and systems, hitherto their operating frequencies have been expanded down to visible-wavelength ranges. Challenges of developing shorter-wavelength metasurfaces originate from electromagnetic loss caused by strong absorption for most high-refractive-index materials. Here we introduce a large-bandgap semiconductor material-niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5)-to engineer a ultraviolet meta-hologram with a total efficiency of 81% at 355nm wavelength. This meta-hologram modulates the geometric phase of transmitted circular-polarization light via orientation-varying high-aspect-ratio nano-bricks that are elaborately designed to excite antiferromagnetic resonances. We reveal that the induced antiferromagnetic modes maintain one component (e.g., Ex-component) of incident light through even-numbered antiparallel magnetic dipoles (AMDs) but reverse the other component (e.g., Ey-component) via odd-numbered AMDs, thus realizing high-efficiency polarization conversion. Our approach might open the door towards high-performance ultraviolet-light nanophotonics and meta-optics.
Analysis of measurement-based quantum network coding over repeater networks under noisy conditions

Quantum network coding is an effective solution for alleviating bottlenecks in quantum networks. We introduce a measurement-based quantum network coding scheme for quantum repeater networks (MQNC), and analyze its behavior based on results acquired from Monte-Carlo simulation that includes various error sources over a butterfly network. By exploiting measurement-based quantum computing, operation on qubits for completing network coding proceeds in parallel. We show that such an approach offers advantages over other schemes in terms of the quantum circuit depth, and therefore improves the communication fidelity without disturbing the aggregate throughput. The circuit depth of our protocol has been reduced by 56.5% compared to the quantum network coding scheme (QNC) introduced in 2012 by Satoh, et al. For MQNC, we have found that the resulting entangled pairs' joint fidelity drops below 50% when the accuracy of local operations is lower than 98.9%, assuming that all initial Bell pairs across quantum repeaters have a fixed fidelity of 98%. Overall, MQNC showed substantially higher error tolerance compared to QNC and slightly better than buffer space multiplexing using step-by-step entanglement swapping, but not quite as strong as simultaneous entanglement swapping operations.
Amplitude Decay of Solitary Waves - asymptotic and numerical results

The relevance of perturbed forms of the Korteweg-de Vries equation to a range of physical problems is discussed. Solutions which are perturbations of solitary travelling wave solutions are then considered, focussing predominantly on the Burgers-Korteweg-de Vries equation. Asymptotic analysis demonstrates the appearance of a slowly decaying tail behind a core soliton-like solution. The solution in the tail region is determined in the form of a convolution integral involving the Airy function, while the core solution is obtained explicitly. Asymptotic results are fully validated by comparison with numerical results, obtained using a pseudospectral scheme.
System-environment correlations and Markovian embedding of quantum non-Markovian dynamics

We study the dynamics of a quantum system whose interaction with an environment is described by a collision model, i.e., the open dynamics is modeled through sequences of unitary interactions between the system and the individual constituents of the environment, termed ``ancillas,'' which are subsequently traced out. In this setting, non-Markovianity is introduced by allowing for additional unitary interactions between the ancillas. For this model, we identify the relevant system-environment correlations that lead to a non-Markovian evolution. Through an equivalent picture of the open dynamics, we introduce the notion of ``memory depth'' where these correlations are established between the system and a suitably sized memory rendering the overall system+memory evolution Markovian. We extend our analysis to show that while most system-environment correlations are irrelevant for the dynamical characterization of the process, they generally play an important role in the thermodynamic description. Finally, we show that under an energy-preserving system-environment interaction, a nonmonotonic time behavior of the heat flux serves as an indicator of non-Markovian behavior.
The microbial ecology of land and water contaminated with radioactive waste: towards the development of bioremediation options for the nuclear industry.

The high financial and environmental costs associated with remediation of land contaminated through 60 years of global nuclear activity has underpinned the development of new passive in situ bioremediation processes for sites contaminated with nuclear waste. Many of these processes rely on successfully harnessing newly discovered natural biogeochemical cycles to manage contamination from key radionuclides. Of particular note are strategies that involve enzymatic and indirect redox transformations of actinides such as uranium, neptunium and plutonium and fission products such as technetium. This chapter will discuss the recent advances that have been made in understanding the microbial colonization of radioactive environments and the biological basis of microbial transformations of radioactive waste in these settings. In addition, the impact of co-contaminants such as nitrate on both the microbial ecology of sediments and radionuclide speciation will also be discussed.
Ambra 1 in autophagy and apoptosis : Implications for cell survival and chemotherapy resistance ( Review )

Increasing studies suggest that autophagy has a protective role in cancer treatment and may even be involved in chemotherapy resistance. Nevertheless, the mechanism of autophagy in cancer treatment and drug resistance has not yet been established. There is a complex association between autophagy and apoptosis. Accordingly, these two processes can mutually regulate and transform to determine the fate of a cell, depending on the context. Activating molecule in Beclin 1-regulated autophagy protein 1 (Ambra1) is an important factor at the crossroad between autophagy and apoptosis. The expression level and intracellular distributions of Ambra1 may control the balance and conversion between autophagy and apoptosis, and modify the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Therefore, Ambra1 may provide a novel target for cancer treatment, particularly for overcoming anticancer drug resistance. The present review focuses on the role of Ambra1 in autophagy and apoptosis and assesses the implications for cell survival and chemotherapy resistance.
Amyloid b peptide ratio 42 / 40 but not A b 42 correlates with phospho-Tau in patients with low-and high-CSF A b 40 load

Neurochemical dementia diagnostics (NDD) can significantly improve the clinically based categorization of patients with early dementia disorders, and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of amyloid b peptides ending at the amino acid position of 42 (Abx-42 and Ab1-42) are widely accepted biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, in subjects with constitutively highor low-CSF concentrations of total Ab peptides (tAb), the NDD interpretation might lead to erroneous conclusions as these biomarkers seem to correlate better with the total Ab load than with the pathological status of a given patient in such cases. In this multicenter study, we found significantly increased CSF concentrations of phosphorylated Tau (pTau181) and total Tau in the group of subjects with high CSF Abx-40 concentrations and decreased Abx-42/x-40 concentration ratio compared with the group of subjects with low CSF Abx-40 and normal Ab ratio (p < 0.001 in both cases). Furthermore, we observed significantly decreased Ab ratio (p < 0.01) in the group of subjects with APOE e4 allele compared with the group of subjects without this allele. Surprisingly, patients with low-Abx-40 and the decreased Ab ratio characterized with decreased pTau181 (p < 0.05), and unaltered total Tau compared with the subjects with high Abx-40 and the Ab ratio in the normal range. We conclude that the amyloid b concentration ratio should replace the ‘raw’ concentrations of corresponding Ab peptides to improve reliability of the neurochemical dementia diagnosis.
The Clock Genes Are Involved in The Deterioration of Atopic Dermatitis after Day-and-Night Reversed Physical Stress in NC/Nga Mice

Background: In modern society, irregular lifestyles are a problem. It is well known that Atopic Dermatitis (AD) occurs during physical stress in people with an irregular lifestyle. We evaluated the influence that day-and-night reversal physical stress has on AD. Methods: Six-week-old specific-pathogen-free and conventional NC/Nga male mice were used. For the day-and-night reversal procedure, the mice ran on a treadmill at a slow speed of 10 m/min for 12 h (between 8:00 and 20:00). Then, between 20:00 and 8:00, we put the mice in a dark place. This treatment was repeated every day for two weeks. The behavioral circadian rhythm of the mice was evaluated with the open field test. Then, the mice were sacrificed and histological examinations of the tissues, the expression of peptide hormones, corticosterone, Immunoglobulin E, histamine, and cytokines was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: In the treadmill-treated conventional NC/Nga mice, AD symptoms were deteriorated compared with the non-treated conventional NC/Nga mice. The levels of Period (Per) 2, Clock, and brain and muscle arnt-like protein 1 (Bmal1) in the skin were increased constantly in the treadmill-treated conventional mice. Furthermore, the expression of Retinoic Acid-related Orphan Receptor (ROR)α, which activates Bmal1, was increased in the treadmill-treated conventional mice compared with the non-treated conventional mice. In addition, when non-treated conventional mice were administrated by the agonist of RORα, AD symptoms were deteriorated similar to treadmill-treated conventional mice. Conclusion: In the day-and-night reversal mice, the clock genes were increased constantly, indicating that this is a factor that deteriorated AD.
Taxa de contaminação de testes hematológicos e seus fatores determinantes

Objective: Determining the contamination rate of blood cultures and its determining factors. Methods: During a period of six months, were analyzed 564 blood culture samples requested at hospital emergency wards and 46 nurses were inquired. Results: In a period of six months, among a total of 564 requests, 92 blood cultures were contaminated, which corresponds to a contamination rate of 16.31%. The determining factor was the use of low-level sterile technique. Conclusion: The contamination rate of blood cultures is directly related to the procedures used by the nursing staff, and the workload is directly related to errors in the sterile technique of collection.
NKP-1339, the first ruthenium-based anticancer drug on the edge to clinical application

NKP-1339 is the first-in-class ruthenium-based anticancer drug in clinical development against solid cancer and has recently been studied successfully in a phase I clinical trial. Ruthenium compounds such as KP1019 (indazolium trans-[tetrachloridobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(III)]) and NKP-1339 (the sodium salt analogue of KP1019, sodium trans-[tetrachloridobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(III)]) have a high tumour targeting potential based (1) on their strong binding to serum proteins such as albumin and transferrin as well as (2) on their activation in the reductive tumour milieu. The redox activity of ruthenium compounds is believed to represent one major mode of action leading to disturbance of the cellular redox balance and, consequently, induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest, blockage of DNA synthesis, and induction of apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, potent synergistic activities of NKP-1339 with the clinically approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib were recently reported in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, KP1019 and NKP-1339 are promising drug candidates, and especially the very limited side effects observed so far in clinical phase I trials seem to be a major advantage of this class of ruthenium drugs as compared to other chemotherapeutics and targeted anticancer compounds.
Suiciderelated Text Classification With Prism Algorithm

Raw but valuable user data is continuously being generated on social media platforms. This data is, however, more valuable when they are mined using different approaches such as machine learning techniques. Additionally, this user-generated data can be used to potentially save lives especially of vulnerable social media users, as several studies carried out have shown the correlation between social media and suicide. In this study, we aim at contributing to the research relating to suicide communication on social media. We measured the performance of five machine learning algorithms: Prism, Decision Tree, Naï;ve Bayes, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine, in classifying suicide-related text from Twitter. The results of the study showed that the Prism algorithm has outperformed the other machine learning algorithms with an F-measure of 0.84 for the target classes (Suicide and Flippant). This result, to the best of our knowledge, is the highest performance that has been achieved in classifying social media suicide-related text.
Low-Complexity Statistically Robust Precoder/Detector Computation for Massive MIMO Systems

Massive MIMO is a variant of multi-user MIMO in which the number of antennas at the base station (BS) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is very large and typically much larger than the number of served users (data streams) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Recent research has widely investigated the system-level advantages of the massive MIMO, and in particular, the beneficial effect of increasing the number of antennas <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. These benefits, however, come at the cost of a dramatic increase in hardware and computational complexity. This is partly due to the fact that the BS needs to compute precoding/receiving vectors in order to coherently transmit/detect data to/from each user, where the resulting complexity grows proportionally to the number of antennas <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the number of served users <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Recently, different algorithms based on tools from asymptotic random matrix theory and/or approximated message passing have been proposed to reduce such complexity. The underlying assumption in all these techniques, however, is that the exact statistics (covariance matrix) of the channel vectors of the users is a priori known. This is far from being realistic, especially taking into account that, in the high-dim regime of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M \gg 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, estimating the channel covariance matrices of the users is also challenging in terms of both computation and storage requirements. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for computing the precoder/detector in a massive MIMO system. Our method is based on the randomized Kaczmarz algorithm and does not require a priori knowledge of the statistics of users’ channel vectors. We analyze the performance of our proposed algorithm theoretically and compare its performance with that of other techniques based on random matrix theory and approximate message passing via numerical simulations. Our results indicate that our proposed technique is computationally very competitive and yields quite a comparable performance while it does not require the knowledge of the statistics of users’ channel vectors.
What do concurrency developers ask about?: a large-scale study using stack overflow

Background Software developers are increasingly required to write concurrent code. However, most developers find concurrent programming difficult. To better help developers, it is imperative to understand their interest and difficulties in terms of concurrency topics they encounter often when writing concurrent code. Aims In this work, we conduct a large-scale study on the textual content of the entirety of Stack Overflow to understand the interests and difficulties of concurrency developers. Method First, we develop a set of concurrency tags to extract concurrency questions that developers ask. Second, we use latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling and an open card sort to manually determine the topics of these questions. Third, we construct a topic hierarchy by repeated grouping of similar topics into categories and lower level categories into higher level categories. Fourth, we investigate the coincidence of our concurrency topics with findings of previous work. Fifth, we measure the popularity and difficulty of our concurrency topics and analyze their correlation. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings. Results A few findings of our study are the following. (1) Developers ask questions about a broad spectrum of concurrency topics ranging from multithreading to parallel computing, mobile concurrency to web concurrency and memory consistency to run-time speedup. (2) These questions can be grouped into a hierarchy with eight major categories: concurrency models, programming paradigms, correctness, debugging, basic concepts, persistence, performance and GUI. (3) Developers ask more about correctness of their concurrent programs than performance. (4) Concurrency questions about thread safety and database management systems are among the most popular and the most difficult, respectively. (5) Difficulty and popularity of concurrency topics are negatively correlated. Conclusions The results of our study can not only help concurrency developers but also concurrency educators and researchers to better decide where to focus their efforts, by trading off one concurrency topic against another.
Entropic no-disturbance as a physical principle

The celebrated Bell-Kochen-Specker no-go theorem asserts that quantum mechanics does not present the property of realism, the essence of the theorem is the lack of a joint probability distributions for some experiment settings. In this work, we exploit the information theoretic form of the theorem using information measure instead of probabilistic measure and indicate that quantum mechanics does not present such entropic realism neither. The entropic form of Gleason's no-disturbance principle is developed and it turns out to be characterized by the intersection of several entropic cones. Entropic contextuality and entropic nonlocality are investigated in depth in this framework. We show how one can construct monogamy relations using entropic cone and basic Shannon-type inequalities. The general criterion for several entropic tests to be monogamous is also developed, using the criterion, we demonstrate that entropic nonlocal correlations are monogamous, entropic contextuality tests are monogamous and entropic nonlocality and entropic contextuality are also monogamous. Finally, we analyze the entropic monogamy relations for multiparty and many-test case, which plays a crucial role in quantum network communication.
Stare Decisis and Judicial Log-Rolls: A Gains-from-Trade Model

The practice of horizontal stare decisis requires that judges occasionally decide cases "incorrectly''. What sustains this practice? Given a heterogeneous bench, we show that the increasing differences in dispositions property of preferences generates gains when judges trade dispositions over the case space. These gains are fully realized by implementing a compromise rule – stare decisis. Absent commitment, we provide conditions that sustain the compromise in a repeated game. When complete compromises become unsustainable, partial compromises still avail. Moreover, judges may prefer to implement partial compromises even when perfect ones are sustainable. Thus, stare decisis is consistent with a partially-settled-partially-contested legal doctrine.
The Strategic Factors affecting Adoption of Rail Transport in Kenya

The aim of this study was to determine the strategic factors affecting adoption of rail transport in Kenya. the specific objectives were; to determine the effect of establish the effect of corporate governance on the adoption of rail transport in Kenya; To assess the role of government transport policies on the adoption of rail transport in Kenya and to identify the influence of staff competency on the adoption of rail transport in Kenya. The study was based on the resource-based view of the firm (RBV). It was a case study of the Kenya railway corporation. The sample size was 196 Kenya Railways employees. A questionnaire was the main tool for data collection. analysis of the data revealed that staff competence had a significant influence on adoption of railway transport Kenya. Government policies on transport had also significant influence on adoption of rail transport in Kenya. However the positive influence of corporate governance was not statically supported at 0.05 significant levels. Thus the study concluded that staff competencies and transport policies are key determinants in enhancing use of rail as means of transportation in Kenya. Therefore the study recommended that policies be constantly reviewed such that they take into consideration the changing realities in the environment like customer preferences, taste and competition. Government should channel adequate funding and facilities at the training institutions to improve technical skills and training opportunities should be fairly given to employees to motivate them. And there should be people of integrity especially the senior management to inculcate a culture of transparency in the organization. The study finally recommended that other similar studies be undertaken that include other variables like competition and pricing of substitutes services.