Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors That Affect Staff Morale in Tertiary Hospitals in Malawi: A Case Study of Kamuzu Central Hospital

Staff morale is low among medical and nursing staff in Malawi’s health facilities. This leads to voluntary attrition or unfavorable survival strategies among members of staff. This study sought to determine critical factors that affected staff morale at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH). This was a case study research design. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires filled in by doctors, registered nurses and clinical officers. Qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions with the same cadres. An in-depth interview was done with one human resource officer. Key factors that affected staff morale at KCH were: inadequate resources for work, poor compensation, heavy workload, inadequate performance management, lack of career development and lack of training opportunities. Nurses further complained of inadequate management support. Thirty-one percent of the respondents were very dissatisfied with their jobs and 57% were intending to leave within 12 months. Job satisfaction was associated with management responsiveness (p-value 0.009).
Associations Between Spirituality and Substance Abuse Symptoms in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-Up, 1993-1996

Abstract Prior studies on substance abuse treatment programs have provided some evidence that participants who embrace some facet of spirituality during recovery may have greater success in maintaining sobriety. Several plausible associations exist between spirituality and sobriety; this paper posits that spirituality has consistently negative associations with substance abuse symptoms in models with ‘substance abuse symptoms’ as the outcome. The data come from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study. In 1993, ECA researchers surveyed 1,920 of the original 3,841 participants, all household residents in East Baltimore. Multiple logistic regression analyses show that strong spiritual beliefs within this population are negatively associated with current substance abuse symptoms [OR = 0.53; 95 % CI = 0.35-0.80, p = 0.002]. Homeownership is also negatively associated, while positively associated characteristics include suffering from income-related stress and having a history of substance abuse treatment. This population-based study confirms findings from clinical studies, and the results support continued emphases on spirituality in substance abuse recovery programs.
Alterations in Mitochondrial Membrane in Chemopreventive Action of Fish Oil

ABSTRACT Mitochondria are major regulators of pathways related to tumorigenesis; therefore, mitochondrial membrane characteristics and associated cell signaling events were evaluated with different ratios of fish oil (FO) and corn oil (CO) in experimental colon carcinogenesis. Treatment with carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) altered reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+, and membrane characteristics, which resulted in an elevation in apoptosis in initiation phase and reduction in post-initiation phase. FO+CO(2.5:1)+DMH treatment, however, altered mitochondrial membrane parameters, ROS, and Ca2+ to increase apoptosis in both phases, whereas FO+CO(1:1)+DMH treatment enhanced apoptosis only in post-initiation phase suggesting that FO supplementation in higher ratio has better chemopreventive efficacy.
The Relationship between Mobile Phone Use, Metacognitive Awareness and Academic Achievement.

Mobile phones are getting smarter and the usage through university students becoming more popular. University students using mobile phones for talking, for texting message, for Internet search, for listening music, watching videos, playing games, using social media etc. Mobile phones are not accessory any more, they are integrated like our clothes. There are studies examining the effects of using mobile phones frequently. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between mobile phone usage, satisfaction with life, academic achievement and metacognitive awareness. Metacognitive awareness inventory used to measure the awareness. Total GPA was used to measure the academic achievement and the mobile phone using time, the number of text messaging and callings are used for indicating the mobile phone usage. 250 total university students attended voluntarily to the study. The study carried out in private university in the southeast region of Turkey. The results indicated the usage of mobile phones are very frequent through university students. Many of the students are using mobile phones heavily. There was a positive relationship between mobile phone usage and academic achievement, also between mobile phone usage and metacognitive awareness.
Pregnancy‐Specific Glycoproteins Function as Immunomodulators by Inducing Secretion of IL‐10, IL‐6 and TGF‐β1 by Human Monocytes

PROBLEM: Low levels of pregnancy‐specific glycoproteins (PSGs) in maternal serum have been correlated with complications of pregnancy. We investigated the ability of human PSGs to regulate in vitro production of cytokines. METHOD OF STUDY: Human monocytes and murine RAW 264.7 cells were treated with recombinant PSG1, PSG6, PSG11, or a truncated PSG6 consisting of only the N‐terminal domain (PSG6N). Cytokine production in response to PSG‐treatment was measured by ELISA and/or reverse transcriptase‐PCR. RESULTS: All PSGs tested induced secretion of interleukin (IL)‐10, IL‐6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 by both human and murine cells, but not IL‐1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α or IL‐12. The N‐terminal domain of PSG6 was sufficient for induction of monocyte cytokine secretion. Induction of IL‐10 and IL‐6 was preceded by an increase in the specific mRNAs. CONCLUSIONS: PSG1, PSG6, PSG6N, and PSG11 induce dose‐dependent secretion of anti‐inflammatory cytokines by human monocytes. Human and murine PSGs exhibit cross‐species activity. Our results are consistent with a role for PSGs in modulation of the innate immune system.
Effect of Potent CYP2D6 Inhibition by Paroxetine on Atomoxetine Pharmacokinetics

The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of potent CYP2D6 inhibition by paroxetine on atomoxetine disposition in extensive metabolizers. This was a single‐blind, two‐period, sequential study in 22 healthy individuals. In period 1, 20 mg atomoxetine bid was administered to steady state. In period 2, 20 mg paroxetine was administered qd for 17 days. On days 12 through 17, 20 mg atomoxetine bid were coadministered. Plasma pharmacokinetics of atomoxetine, 4‐hydroxyatomoxetine, and N‐desmethylatomoxetine was determined at steady state in each treatment period. Plasma pharmacokinetics of paroxetine were determined after the 11th and 17th doses. Paroxetine increased Css,max, AUC0–12, and t1/2 of atomoxetine by approximately 3.5‐, 6.5‐, and 2.5‐fold, respectively. After coadministration with paroxetine, increases in N‐desmethylatomoxetine and decreases in 4‐hydroxyatomoxetine concentrations were observed. No changes in paroxetine pharmacokinetics were observed after coadministration with atomoxetine. It was concluded that inhibition of CYP2D6 by paroxetine markedly affected atomoxetine disposition, resulting in pharmacokinetics similar to poor metabolizers of CYP2D6 substrates.
Prolonged malaria prophylaxis with chloroquine and proguanil (chloroguanide) in a nonimmune resident population of an endemic area with a high prevalence of chloroquine resistance

One hundred thirty nonimmune subjects living in Yaoundé, Cameroon, completed an 18-month prospective study on the efficacy and safety of weekly chloroquine and daily proguanil (chloroguanide) (Ch-P) in malaria prevention. A total of 9 of 78 Ch-P-treated subjects and 26 of 52 subjects who received no prophylaxis contracted Plasmodium falciparum infection during this period (P less than 0.00005). These two groups were comparable for demographic parameters and degree of exposure. Clinical manifestations were of similar severities in the two groups, but parasite counts were significantly higher in the subjects who received no prophylaxis (P less than 0.00005). Side effects of prophylaxis were frequent (31%), minor, and related to chloroquine, and they usually resolved within 4 to 6 weeks. Prolonged administration of Ch-P is safe and effectively prevents P. falciparum malaria in an endemic area with a high prevalence of chloroquine resistance.
Prediction model of pelvic lymph node metastasis in early stage cervical cancer and its clinical value.

AIM This study was designed to investigate the risk factors of pelvic lymph node metastasis in early stage cervical cancer in order to establish a prediction model for this metastasis and to explore the feasibility of conservative surgery. METHODS The records of 207 stage IB-IIA cervical cancer patients were retrospectivly analyzed. The risk factors of pelvic lymph node metastasis were analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods. The prediction model for pelvic lymph node metastasis was established by logistic regression. RESULTS Without preoperative adjuvant therapy, the metastatic rate of pelvic lymph node in stage IB-IIA cervical cancer was 25.1%. The serum SCCAg, the tumor diameter, the depth of cervical stroma invasion, and the cervical canal involvement were revealed as the risk factors of pelvic lymph node metastasis by univariate analysis (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the serum SCCAg and the depth of cervical stroma invasion were the independent risk factors of pelvic lymph node metastasis (P<0.05, OR = 6.917, 2.227). The patients were divided into three groups according to different independent risk factors: the low-risk group, the medium-risk group, and the high-risk group, which showed metastatic rates of pelvic lymph node of 5.7%, 16.9%, and 48.7%, respectively (P<0.001). A prediction model for pelvic lymph node metastasis was established as follows: Logti(P) = -2.534 + serum SCCAg×1.934 + depth of cervical stroma invasion×0.801. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of this prediction model were 53.8%, 83.9 %, 52.8%, 84.4%, and 76.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION The serum SCCAg and the depth of cervical stroma invasion were the independent risk factors of pelvic lymph node metastasis in early stage cervical cancer. The proposed prediction model may help to improve the conservative surgery for early stage cervical cancer.
Class I a-Mannosidases Are Required for N-Glycan Processing and Root Development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Eva Liebminger,a Silvia Hüttner,a Ulrike Vavra,a Richard Fischl,a Jennifer Schoberer,a Josephine Grass,b Claudia Blaukopf,c Georg J. Seifert,c Friedrich Altmann,b Lukas Mach,a and Richard Strassera,1 a Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria b Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria c Department of Applied Plant Sciences and Plant Biotechnology, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
Empirical Study of Influence Factors of Adaption Intention of Mobile Payment based on TAM Model in China

This paper studies the influence factors and the influence mechanism which effect Chinese adaption intention of mobile payment based on TAM model, theory of social psychology and innovation diffusion. It takes near-field mobile phone payment as practical example to do questionnaire survey with 623 samples in China and then the data were analyzed by SPSS20.0 and AMOS20.0 software . The result shows that the direct factors influencing mobile payment adoption are ranked as follows: altitude, consumer’s confidence in the operator, number of merchants, scope of service, cost to use, subjective normalization and operation scenario. The number of merchants, the scope of service, the perceived ease of use and the compatibility have a significant influence on the perceived usefulness. The people at different ages and with different incomes are different significantly in their willingness to purchase through the mobile-phone payment. At the end of this paper management suggestion for operators was given. '
Strengths Only or Strengths and Relative Weaknesses? A Preliminary Study

Does working on developing character strengths and relative character weaknesses cause lower life satisfaction than working on developing character strengths only? The present study provides a preliminary answer. After 76 college students completed the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (C. Peterson & M. E. P. Seligman, 2004), the authors randomly assigned them to work on 2 character strengths or on 1 character strength and 1 relative weakness. Combined, these groups showed significant gains on the Satisfaction With Life Scale (E. Diener, R. A. Emmons, R. J. Larsen, & S. Griffin, 1985), compared with a 32-student no-treatment group. However, there was no significant difference in gain scores between the 2-strengths group and the 1-character-strength-and-1-relative-character-weakness group. The authors discuss how focusing on relative character weaknesses (along with strengths) does not diminish—and may assist in increasing—life satisfaction.
Reply to the letters to the editor 'Differential influence of vemurafenib and dabrafenib on patients' lymphocytes despite similar clinical efficacy in melanoma' by Diwakar et al.

et al. report rates of 7, 1 and 5%, respectively. In conclusion, we agree with Cathomas et al. [1] in believing that when adjuvant carboplatin is prescribed in patients with stage I seminoma, radioisotope methods remain the gold standard for GFR assessment. We would also like to point out that since surveillance is now considered the preferred strategy in stage I seminoma [7], the number of patients who receive adjuvant carboplatin should be small: in these selected cases, referral to a center with nuclear medicine facilities for GFR measurement, if these are not available locally, would seem to be justified.
Comparison of FST outlier tests for SNP loci under selection

Genome scans with many genetic markers provide the opportunity to investigate local adaptation in natural populations and identify candidate genes under selection. In particular, SNPs are dense throughout the genome of most organisms and are commonly observed in functional genes making them ideal markers to study adaptive molecular variation. This approach has become commonly employed in ecological and population genetics studies to detect outlier loci that are putatively under selection. However, there are several challenges to address with outlier approaches including genotyping errors, underlying population structure and false positives, variation in mutation rate and limited sensitivity (false negatives). In this study, we evaluated multiple outlier tests and their type I (false positive) and type II (false negative) error rates in a series of simulated data sets. Comparisons included simulation procedures (FDIST2, arlequin v.3.5 and BAYESCAN) as well as more conventional tools such as global FST histograms. Of the three simulation methods, FDIST2 and BAYESCAN typically had the lowest type II error, BAYESCAN had the least type I error and Arlequin had highest type I and II error. High error rates in Arlequin with a hierarchical approach were partially because of confounding scenarios where patterns of adaptive variation were contrary to neutral structure; however, Arlequin consistently had highest type I and type II error in all four simulation scenarios tested in this study. Given the results provided here, it is important that outlier loci are interpreted cautiously and error rates of various methods are taken into consideration in studies of adaptive molecular variation, especially when hierarchical structure is included.
Osteochondral Allografts for Large Defects in the Knee

Localized osteochondral and chondral lesions of the knee are commonly encountered in orthopaedic practice. They may become symptomatic with patients experiencing pain, swelling, and mechanical symptoms. These lesions have limited ability to heal and may progress to osteoarthritis. This presents an especially difficult clinical problem in young, high-demand individuals. This has led surgeons to pursue biologic solutions for the restoration of damaged cartilage and underlying bone. We have investigated the use of prolonged fresh osteochondral allografts for the treatment of large defects of the knee. The surgical considerations and techniques are presented in this article.
Prescription opioid use in the rural Appalachia: a community-based study.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to describe the sample characteristics and methods for a study of rural medical and nonmedical prescription opioid users with a history of OxyContin use. DESIGN AND SETTING Snowball sampling was used to recruit 221 rural Appalachian residents. Participants included those under medical supervision for pain (n = 101) as well as those self-reporting nonmedical use of prescription opioids (n = 120). Participants were given an intervieuwer-administered questionnaire. OUTCOME MEASURES Data relating to demographics, illicit and nonmedical prescription drug use, medical, legal, family, and psychiatric status, as well as pain history were collected. The primary outcomes of interest were differences in past 30 day prescription drug use between pain patients and nonmedical opioid users. RESULTS A significantly greater proportion of those treated for pain reported using oxycodone and hydrocodone prescribed by a physician in the prior 30 days (p < 0.001); however, more than third of pain participants also reported nonmedical use of OxyContin, methadone, hydrocodone, benzodiazepines, and marijuana in the prior 30 days. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of rural opioid users who reported being treated for pain also reported nonmedical use ofprescription drugs. Similarly, among the nonmedical users, half of those reported experiencing pain that interfered with their daily life. These results suggest that many rural prescription drug users are being either incorrectly or perhaps inadequately treated for chronic nonmalignant pain. Therefore, developing educational materials and training for rural physicians about pain treatment (including drug seeking behavior) is proposed.
Isotropic Silicon Etching With $\hbox{XeF}_{2}$  Gas for Wafer-Level Micromachining Applications

Wafer-level isotropic etching of silicon with XeF2 gas has been investigated for microelectromechanical-system (MEMS) fabrication. Because of the large exposed silicon area in the wafer-level process, XeF2 gas diffusion in the wafer-level process is different from the chip-level process. The silicon etch rate for the wafer-level XeF2 process is much smaller than chip-level XeF2 etching. Additionally, the silicon etch rate drops off as the etching time increased. The aperture size effect is apparent in the wafer-level XeF2 processing. However, for etching windows with a large size, the aperture size effect will be minimized. Both vertical and lateral aperture size effects depend on the number of etch cycle. Although slight anisotropy is also observed, wafer-level XeF2 etching shows a better isotropy than the chip-level process. Compared with the chip-level process, wafer-level XeF2 etching shows a large etch rate for SiO2. The etch selectivity between silicon and SiO2 is lower than 1000:1. Based on the characteristics of XeF2 etching, the layout design rule for the MEMS device with XeF2 releasing is developed and demonstrated.
The Numeric Rating Scale for Clinical Pain Measurement: A Ratio Measure?

▪ Abstract: The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS‐11) has been widely used clinically for the assessment of pain. Its use for clinical research is controversial. Reports differ as to whether or not the NRS‐11 should be treated as a ratio pain measurement tool. This study compared the NRS‐11 to a ratio measure for pain assessment: the visual analog scale (VAS). Simultaneous pain measurements using these 2 scales were compared in clinical situations commonly encountered in a tertiary community hospital. Whereas linear relationships were noted in laboring patients and in postoperative patients with thoracic or abdominal incisions during cough, no such correlations were noted for the same postoperative patients at rest or for postoperative orthopedic patients. The NRS‐11 should not be considered to be interchangeable with the VAS. Its use for clinical research should be limited to situations where it has specifically demonstrated linear properties. ▪
Quantifying sources and sinks of reactive gases in the lower atmosphere using airborne flux observations

Atmospheric composition is governed by the interplay of emissions, chemistry, deposition, and transport. Substantial questions surround each of these processes, especially in forested environments with strong biogenic emissions. Utilizing aircraft observations acquired over a forest in the southeast U.S., we calculate eddy covariance fluxes for a suite of reactive gases and apply the synergistic information derived from this analysis to quantify emission and deposition fluxes, oxidant concentrations, aerosol uptake coefficients, and other key parameters. Evaluation of results against state‐of‐the‐science models and parameterizations provides insight into our current understanding of this system and frames future observational priorities. As a near‐direct measurement of fundamental process rates, airborne fluxes offer a new tool to improve biogenic and anthropogenic emissions inventories, photochemical mechanisms, and deposition parameterizations.
Treatment of pulping effluents by using alum and clay - Colour removal and sludge characteristics

The effect of clay addition during alum coagulation, on the removal of colour from pulp-and-paper industry wastewaters, was investigated. Four types of clay, namely beige-and brown-sepiolites, calcium- and sodium-bentonites of different mesh sizes we re used. Different quantities of alum and clay were applied, either singly or in combination, to the effluents of the wood-based pulpand-paper mill. Colour of the treated wastewater, the sludge volume index (SVI) and sludge cake resistance (SCR) of the sludge produced were monitored. It was observed that the clays tested were not efficient in colour removal when they were applied on their own. When clay was added along with alum, a certain increase in colour removal efficiency was obtained as compared to alu m alone. When alum was used in conjunction with clay, settling characteristics of the sludge produced improved substantially, in terms of both SVI and SCR. Acid activation of the clays did not improve the colour removal efficiency further. However, acid activa tion of sodium bentonite caused the SVI and SCR values to improve considerably compared to virgin sodium bentonite. Use of differen t mesh sizes of clays did not exert any significant effect on the colour removal. However, it did exert significant effects on S VI and SCR values as such that the increase in mesh size caused the SVI values to decrease and the SCR values to increase.