Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological Aspects of Contraception, Unintended Pregnancy, and Abortion

The knowledge of important biopsychosocial factors linking women’s reproductive health and mental health is increasing. This review focuses on psychological aspects of contraception, unintended pregnancy, and abortion because these are common reproductive health experiences in U.S. women’s lives. This review addresses the mental-health antecedents and consequences of these experiences, mostly focusing on depression and depressive symptoms before and after unintended pregnancy and contraception. As mental-health antecedents, depressive symptoms predict contraceptive behaviors that lead to unintended pregnancy, and mental-health disorders have been associated with having subsequent abortions. In examining the mental-health consequences, most sound research does not find abortion or contraceptive use to cause mental-health problems. Consequently, evidence does not support policies based on the notion that abortion harms women’s mental health. Nevertheless, the abortion-care setting may be a place to integrate mental-health services. In contrast, women who have births resulting from unintended pregnancies may be at higher risk of postpartum depression. Social policies (e.g., paid maternity leave, subsidized child care) may protect women from mental-health problems and stress of unplanned children interrupting employment, education, and pre-existing family care responsibilities.
Effect of Gender, Socioeconomic Status and Family Structure on Depression in Adolescents in Bosnia-Herzegovina

The relationship between self-reported depressive symptomatology among adolescents in Bosnia-Herzegovina, who experienced the chronic stress during four year war, and risk factors such as gender, socioeconomic status, and family structure were investigated in the current study. The present study tested the hypothesis that each one of above mentioned risk factors individually impact depressive mood. Also, interactions between gender and socioeconomic status and gender and family structure were hypothesized. A nationally representative sample of high school teenagers was selected from two high schools in the capital city of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Sarajevo (N=559, 263 boys and 296 girls, mean age 15.34). Data from questionnaire done by Barber (1998), "Project: Youth and Family" were used. Demographic data (gender, age, socioeconomic status, and family structure) and The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI, Kovacs, 1992), short version (IO-items) were used in this study. Results revealed a significant effect for gender and socioeconomic status but not family structure on depressive mood in adolescents. Moreover, an interaction was found between gender and socioeconomic status and gender and family structure such that girls were more vulnerable to depression in the face of poverty than were boys, and boys were more susceptible to depression living only with their mother than were girls.
Aalborg Universitet Consumers ’ values and attitudes and their relation to the consumption of pork products

Consumers’ attitudes and personal values were assessed, investigating if those constructs affect the consumption of pork products. Empirical data was collected through a survey performed with 482 consumers in Brazil, according to Q-PorkChains project definitions. Attitudes towards the environment and nature are quite positive, although ethnocentrism is also present. Industrial food production seems to be an accepted system, but consumers are showing that environmental sustainability must not be forgotten. Consumers with more ‘traditionalist’ values prefer fresh, whilst those with ‘adventurous’ values prefer processed pork products. The development of innovative pork products aiming to attend to these different groups represents interesting opportunities for the pork chain.
Signs and symptoms in the pre-psychotic phase: description and implications for diagnostic trajectories

Background Few studies have examined the underlying factor structure of signs and symptoms occurring before the first psychotic episode. Our objective was to determine whether factors derived from early signs and symptoms are differentially associated with non-affective versus affective psychosis. Method A principal components factor analysis was performed on early signs and symptoms reported by 128 individuals with first-episode psychosis. Factor scores were examined for their associations with duration of untreated illness, drug abuse prior to onset of psychosis, and diagnosis (schizophrenia versus affective psychosis). Results Of the 27 early signs and symptoms reported by patients, depression and anxiety were the most frequent. Five factors were identified based on these early signs and symptoms: depression, disorganization/mania, positive symptoms, negative symptoms and social withdrawal. Longer duration of untreated illness was associated with higher levels of depression and social withdrawal. Individuals with a history of drug abuse prior to the onset of psychosis scored higher on pre-psychotic depression and negative symptoms. The two mood-related factors, depression and disorganization/mania, distinguished the eventual first-episode diagnosis of affective psychosis from schizophrenia. Individuals with affective psychosis were also more likely to have a ‘mood-related’ sign and symptom as their first psychiatric change than individuals later diagnosed with schizophrenia. Conclusions Factors derived from early signs and symptoms reported by a full diagnostic spectrum sample of psychosis can have implications for future diagnostic trajectories. The findings are a step forward in the process of understanding and characterizing clinically important phenomena to be observed prior to the onset of psychosis.
Network activity underlying the illusory self‐attribution of a dummy arm

Neuroimaging has demonstrated that the illusory self‐attribution of body parts engages frontal and intraparietal brain areas, and recent evidence further suggests an involvement of visual body‐selective regions in the occipitotemporal cortex. However, little is known about the principles of information exchange within this network. Here, using automated congruent versus incongruent visuotactile stimulation of distinct anatomical locations on the participant's right arm and a realistic dummy counterpart in an fMRI scanner, we induced an illusory self‐attribution of the dummy arm. The illusion consistently activated a left‐hemispheric network comprising ventral premotor cortex (PMv), intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and body‐selective regions of the lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOC). Importantly, during the illusion, the functional coupling of the PMv and the IPS with the LOC increased substantially, and dynamic causal modeling revealed a significant enhancement of connections from the LOC and the secondary somatosensory cortex to the IPS. These results comply with the idea that the brain's inference mechanisms rely on the hierarchical propagation of prediction error. During illusory self‐attribution, unpredicted ambiguous sensory input about one's body configuration may result in the generation of such prediction errors in visual and somatosensory areas, which may be conveyed to parietal integrative areas. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2284–2304, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of the space weather modeling framework using ground‐based magnetometers

Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) can disrupt power grid operations, causing significant interference for many people; therefore, predictions of ground‐based magnetic perturbations and their time derivatives are quite important. This study quantifies how well the University of Michigan's Global MHD code predicts approximately 150 ground‐based magnetometer traces for a number of storm‐time intervals. It is found that in order to accurately represent the magnetic perturbation, Biot‐Savart integrals over the entire hemisphere are needed, especially when calculating the vertical component. The 4 May 1998 storm is examined in detail. The code compares well with some stations, quantified by a normalized root mean squared error and cross correlation, while missing even the general trends for other stations. When multiple magnetometer station perturbations are averaged together, the model does an adequate job in the north and vertical components but reverses the trends in the eastward component. The code does significantly better when comparing an AL‐like index but does not have as strong a variation as the actual data. Comparison of dB/dt in a wide window rather than simultaneously shows better model performance in capturing events but worse in yielding false alarms. It is further found that the MHD code models the magnetic perturbations better in the summer hemisphere than in the winter hemisphere.
Impact of maternal nutrition on birth weight of babies.

This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study of pregnant mothers who delivered in four randomly selected health facilities in urban Abeokuta, Nigeria. The study examined the influence of maternal nutritional status on newborn birth weight and particularly low birth weight (LBW). Five hundred and twelve pregnant mothers booked for antenatal care and were attending antenatal clinics were recruited for the study as they became available. Complete physical examination, clinical profile along with weight, biochemical and haematological measurements were carried out. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. The mean weight gain of the pregnant mothers in this study was 7.78 ± 1.01 kg. Weight gain in pregnancy, maternal haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, serum cholesterol and serum albumin were all found to be significant for LBW (p<0.001). Maternal nutritional status impacted significantly on newborn birth weight as poorly nourished mothers were observed to produce a higher percentage of LBW babies when compared to those who were better nourished.
Binary Multirelations

Binary multirelations associate elements of a set with its subsets; hence they are binary relations of type A × 2. Applications include alternating automata, models and logics for games, program semantics with dual demonic and angelic nondeterministic choices and concurrent dynamic logics. This proof document supports an arXiv article that formalises the basic algebra of multirelations and proposes axiom systems for them, ranging from weak bi-monoids to weak bi-quantales.
Sentiment Analysis : Incremental learning to build domain models

Nowadays, social contacts are vital to find relevant content. We need to connect with people with similar interests because they provide content that matters. Every day is more clear that in the future of document recommendations will be necessary to cross the traditional data with the data obtained from social networks. For instance, in order to provide the best content available we can use sentiment analysis techniques to prioritize content with good reviews. The aim of this project is to offer a better sentiment recognition strategy. In this master thesis we have worked analyzing short messages about brands in Twitter trying to classify them between positive and negative using Sentiwordnet. After several experiments, we have seen that applying a semi-supervised approach we could increase the quality of the dictionary and adapt it to a specific domain. In the second part of the project we wanted to get one step further by analyzing relevant content inside those tweets to know also the reason why something is positive or negative. Due to the lack of strong grammatical structures inside tweets we had to go for an approach based on structured N-grams. For that, we have modelized a new idea called sentigram that consists in the aggregation of several N-grams. This approach allows to create models very precise to specific domains and at the same time capture the relation between aspects and sentiment words.
Pathogenesis of cerebral mycotic aneurysms

The appropriate use of effective antibiotics has caused a dramatic improvement in the recovery rate from infectious endocarditis. Concomitantly, the change in the bacteriologic flora prevalent in the disease in the present era has been remarkable. Rabinovich and associates' report that while the incidence of alpha hemolytic streptococcal and pneumococcal endocarditis has been reduced, the number of cases of staphylococcal and anaerobic infections has increased. The reported increase in the number of cases in which no organism can be isolated by blood cultures during life may be attributed to ineffective prophylactic antibiotic treatment and the liberal use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for febrile illnesses in outpatients. The picture is further clouded by the alarming numbers of thromboembolic episodes from staphylococcal and other unusual infections observed among heroin addicts. ' Despite the change in mortality statistics, morbidity from the cerebral complications of infectious endocarditis has changed little in the antibiotic era. Jones, Seibert and Gerace3 reported in 1969 that the most common neurologic manifestations of the disease are cerebrovascular phenomena, including bland infarction, brain hemorrhage from mycotic aneurysm, and brain abscess. These are the same complications identified and characterized by Kernohan, Woltman and Baines4 in 1939. The most insidious lesion seems to be the mycotic aneurysm because of lack of specific symptoms during development. This diagnosis is usually made in retrospzct after brain hemorrhage O C C U ~ S . ~
A physical linkage between cystic fibrosis airway surface dehydration and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms

A vexing problem in cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogenesis has been to explain the high prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in CF airways. We speculated that airway surface liquid (ASL) hyperabsorption generates a concentrated airway mucus that interacts with P. aeruginosa to promote biofilms. To model CF vs. normal airway infections, normal (2.5% solids) and CF-like concentrated (8% solids) mucus were prepared, placed in flat chambers, and infected with an ≈5 × 103 strain PAO1 P. aeruginosa. Although bacteria grew to 1010 cfu/ml in both mucus concentrations, macrocolony formation was detected only in the CF-like (8% solids) mucus. Biophysical and functional measurements revealed that concentrated mucus exhibited properties that restrict bacterial motility and small molecule diffusion, resulting in high local bacterial densities with high autoinducer concentrations. These properties also rendered secondary forms of antimicrobial defense, e.g., lactoferrin, ineffective in preventing biofilm formation in a CF-like mucus environment. These data link airway surface liquid hyperabsorption to the high incidence of P. aeruginosa biofilms in CF via changes in the hydration-dependent physical–chemical properties of mucus and suggest that the thickened mucus gel model will be useful to develop therapies of P. aeruginosa biofilms in CF airways.
Premature sexual activity as an indicator of psychosocial risk.

Although unprotected premature sexual activity is associated with well-defined biologic risks of sexually transmitted disease and pregnancy, the concomitant psychosocial risks are less well documented. The strength of association (odds ratio) of coital status with other risk behaviors and feelings was examined in 1504 junior high school students. Among the 12 through 16-year-old students, 63% of the boys and 36% of the girls were nonvirginal (had had intercourse at least once). The proportion of sexually experienced boys and girls increased with age. Nonvirginal boys and girls were significantly (P less than .001) more likely than their virginal cohorts to engage in other activities considered risky. The odds ratios for nonvirginal youth ranged from 3.5 for girls having used drugs other than alcohol or marijuana, to 10.4 for girls having used marijuana. Nonvirginal boys and girls were also at significantly greater risk for engaging in minor delinquent acts and having school problems. Nonvirginal girls (but not boys) were 6.3 times more likely to report having attempted suicide. The strength of associations with feelings was weaker. Nonvirginal girls were at slightly greater risk for reporting feeling lonely, feeling upset, and having difficulty sleeping. A significant proportion of the students reported sexual experience and ever use of alcohol or marijuana (45% of boys, 27% of girls). There were strong age effects so that by age 15 years, 63% of the boys and 50% of the girls reported experience with both activities. The data suggest that early sexual experience among adolescents is associated with other potentially health-endangering behaviors and that the syndrome of problem behaviors is important in this age group.
CONSERVATION GENETICS OF NEOTROPICAL POLLINATORS REVISITED: MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS SUGGESTS THAT DIPLOID MALES ARE RARE IN ORCHID BEES

Allozyme analyses have suggested that Neotropical orchid bee (Euglossini) pollinators are vulnerable because of putative high frequencies of diploid males, a result of loss of sex allele diversity in small hymenopteran populations with single locus complementary sex determination. Our analysis of 1010 males from 27 species of euglossine bees sampled across the Neotropics at 2–11 polymorphic microsatellite loci revealed only five diploid males at an overall frequency of 0.005 (95% CIs 0.002–0.010); errors through genetic nondetection of diploid males were likely small. In contrast to allozyme‐based studies, we detected very weak or insignificant population genetic structure, even for a pair of populations >500 km apart, possibly accounting for low diploid male frequencies. Technical flaws in previous allozyme‐based analyses have probably led to considerable overestimation of diploid male production in orchid bees. Other factors may have a more immediate impact on population persistence than the genetic load imposed by diploid males on these important Neotropical pollinators.
A deficiency in CCR 2 + monocytes : the hidden side of Alzheimer ’ s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by intracellular neurofibrillary tangle formation and extracellular amyloid-b (Ab) deposition. To date, microglia seem to act as double-edged swords, being either beneficial (e.g. clearance of Ab) or detrimental (e.g. secretion of neurotoxic factors) in AD. Following a rather intense debate on the question, a consensus has emerged that microglia can renew themselves via proliferation of already differentiated microglia as well as via the de novo recruitment of monocytes of mouse models of AD. However, recent advances suggest distinct function for resident and bone marrow-derived microglia (BMDM), and have emphasized the neuroprotective functions of BMDM. BMDM is the only subset of cells that restrict cerebral amyloidosis in the AD brain, which has been recently attributed to CCR2 monocytes. Moreover, an impaired recruitment of CCR2 monocytes has been reported in AD patients, as seen from the CCR2 monocytopenia found in the bloodstream and BM. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the roles and dysfunctions of CCR2 monocytes in AD and their potential as key therapeutic targets.
Brief unconscious sedation for painful pediatric oncology procedures. Intravenous methohexital with appropriate monitoring is safe and effective.

PURPOSE We report here our experience in using intravenous methohexital (MHX), an ultrashort-acting barbiturate, for brief unconscious sedation of pediatric oncology outpatients undergoing painful, invasive procedures. METHODS Following published monitoring guidelines for deep pediatric sedation, 1.0 mg/kg MHX was administered immediately before the procedure, 1% xylocaine was given locally, and MHX was additionally titrated to maintain minimal response to pain during the procedure. Clinical data reported here were gathered retrospectively from permanent medical records. RESULTS Data reported here represent 132 evaluable consecutive procedures in 33 patients ranging in age from 1.6 to 20.5 years. Patients underwent an average of 4 +/- 3 procedures and received a mean total MHX dose per procedure of 5.8 +/- 2.1 mg/kg. The mean length of time from start of sedation to full arousability was 30 +/- 12 min. Twenty-three (17.4%) procedures were associated with clinically insignificant decreases in diastolic blood pressure or heart rate below resting normal ranges for age. Eight (6.1%) procedures in six patients were associated with minor complications requiring no intervention, such as transient behavioral changes, transient myoclonus, and minimal stridor. Five procedures (3.8%) in five patients required simple suctioning to manage secretions. Only two procedures (1.5%) in two patients required brief bag-mask ventilation plus suctioning for suspected laryngospasm. None required intubation. No differences in clinical features or MHX doses were noted for patients with, as compared to those without, complications. All procedures were completed with a satisfactory level of sedation. CONCLUSIONS Our experience indicates that MHX, with appropriate monitoring as described here, is a safe and effective agent for use in pediatric oncology outpatient sedation programs.
Effect of oxygen on the degradability of organic matter in subtidal and intertidal sediments of the North Sea area

The effect of oxygen on the degradation of sedimentary organic matter has been determined for 6 subtidal stations and 3 intertidal stations in the North Sea area. The stations were selected to cover a range of organic matter lability and sediment texture (and hence concentrations of organic matter). Slurry incubations revealed that at low mineralisation rates, aerobic mineralisation is significantly faster than anaerobic mineralisation, irrespective of the degree of lability of organic matter. A complementary incubation experiment with sediment rich in organic carbon mixed with varying proportions of organically poor sediments confirmed the enhanced aerobic mineralisation at low mineralisation levels. It is proposed that oxygen-enhanced degradation occurs at low mineralisation levels at which bacterial biomass production becomes limiting. [KEYWORDS: organic matter; degradation; oxygen; sediments; North Sea; intertidal Long-island sound; continental-margin sediments; green algal cells; marine-sediments; carbon preservation; sulfate reduction; amino-acids; anaerobic mineralization; microbial decomposition; chlorophyll-a]
Assignment of weight-based antibody units to a human antipneumococcal standard reference serum, lot 89-S

A human reference serum pool, lot 89-S, has been developed for use in quantitating concentrations of antibody to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Weight-based units have been assigned to antibodies to 11 pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnPs) serotypes (1, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F) by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methodology and a human standard reference serum, USNRP IS 1644. The experimentally derived assignments for anti-PnPs antibodies of the immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA isotypes in lot 89-S correlate well to the separately determined immunoglobulin assignment. These assignments for this antipneumococcal standard serum were used to quantitate IgG, IgM, and IgA isotype levels and the total immunoglobulin level in pediatric samples from a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine trial. The data indicate that these assignments may be used to assess levels of antibody to PnPs serotypes in human serum.