Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Non-Oil Trade Deficit in Saudi Arabia: How can it be Managed?

Economists agree that persistent trade deficits indicate poor economic health. However, opinions vary widely regarding the factors that influence trade deficits, and studies that focus specifically on non-oil trade deficits are limited. This study was an investigation of relationships between Saudi Arabia’s non-oil trade deficit and specific economic measures that were shown in previous research to be related to trade deficits in other countries. The researcher used Stock and Watson’s Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) approach (1993) as an empirical method to estimate the critical parameters of the non-oil trade deficit in Saudi Arabia over a 25- year period (1998-2015). To meet the requirements of the DOLS application, a time series was used to analyze the data. This allowed the designation of the order of integration for each series, generating the data for review. The results of our assessment suggest that a unique theoretical sign can be expected for the individual variables. This confirms that statistically significant positive relationships exist between the non-oil trade deficit and (a) real income, (b) relative national prices to foreign prices, and (c) international reserves. In contrast, a negative and considerable correlation was found between the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) and the non-oil trade deficit. Policymakers are currently challenged with controlling the domestic inflation rate, and the results of this study substantiate the positive relationship between Saudi Arabia’s non-oil trade deficit and relative domestic to foreign prices. Therefore, the findings indicate that controlling domestic prices is an important element of managing the non-oil trade deficit. The negative relationship between the non-oil trade deficit and real effective exchange rate strongly suggests that policymakers should also support the real effective exchange rate. Saudi Arabia needs strategic plans and policies that promote the development of innovative and dynamic trade sectors that potentially accelerate economic diversification. Economic diversification is dependent on inventive processes that improve productivity, products that promote sustainable growth, new markets, and institutions that allow for more efficient production. Strategies should strive to encourage both vertical and horizontal diversification beyond oil production, which would further integrate non-oil trade into the global value chain and attract foreign direct investment to the non-oil sector.
Determining Influential Users in Internet Social Networks

The success of Internet social networking sites depends on the number and activity levels of their user members. Although users typically have numerous connections to other site members (i.e., “friends”), only a fraction of those so-called friends may actually influence a member's site usage. Because the influence of potentially hundreds of friends needs to be evaluated for each user, inferring precisely who is influential—and, therefore, of managerial interest for advertising targeting and retention efforts—is difficult. The authors develop an approach to determine which users have significant effects on the activities of others using the longitudinal records of members' log-in activity. They propose a nonstandard form of Bayesian shrinkage implemented in a Poisson regression. Instead of shrinking across panelists, strength is pooled across variables within the model for each user. The approach identifies the specific users who most influence others' activity and does so considerably better than simpler alternatives. For the social networking site data, the authors find that, on average, approximately one-fifth of a user's friends actually influence his or her activity level on the site.
Elaboration and Characterization of Thermal Insulating Material Based on the Synergy of Natural Coconut Husk and Disposable Diaper Pads Fibers

Materials based on highly porous fibers are now becoming increasingly popular as thermal insulators to fight severely increasing temperatures due to climate change (Khedari, et al., 2004). In this study, fibers from solid waste materials like coconut husk and absorbent pads of used disposable diapers were evaluated for their synergistic effect as thermal insulating material. Dried coconut husk fibers and cleaned used disposable diapers were heated at 1500C-3000C for 2 hours and then molded to make pads. Scanning Electron Microscopy and HD digital microscope were used in the analytical imaging of the fibers. Fiber pads from coconut husk fibers, used disposable diapers and their combination, and polyethylene foam (+control) were evaluated for their burning rate based on ASTM D 1992 while thermal conductivity, and thermal resistance were obtained using the testing hot box (Frawley & Kennedy, 2007). The morphology of the coconut husk fibers with used disposable diapers showed thicker and rougher surface with foamy coatings which confirmed porous fiber structure. One-Factor ANOVA showed significant difference among the different set-ups for burning rate (F=926.506; p=0.000), thermal conductivity (F=203.993; p=0.000), and thermal resistance (F=197.820; p=0.000) wherein the set-up for the combination of the coconut husk fibers and used disposable diapers exhibits satisfactory burning rate (M=3.268), lowest thermal conductivity (M=0.037) and highest thermal resistance (M=0.273). The results affirm that the natural coconut husk fibers and used disposable diapers have synergistic effect for better thermal properties, thus, producing a more effective and safer thermal insulating material.
Influence of Urea and Nano-Nitrogen Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivar ‘Bg 250’

Nitrogen fertilizers play an important role in the cultivation of rice. Excessive and improper usage of Nitrogen fertilizer causes problems on human and environment. It is essential for a suitable alternative source of Nitrogen with reduced harm on environment. Nano nitrogen fertilizers are alternative to conventional fertilizers with slow and control release of nitrogen. An experiment was conducted at the Rice Research Station, Sammanthurai, Sri Lanka during the season of ‘Yala 2017’ April to July involving the use of NPK fertilizers and Nano-Nitrogen fertilizer to test the growth attributes and yield of rice cultivar ‘Bg 250’. The experiment was laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design with five treatments and four replications and experiment was conducted in plastic pots (25cm height and 40cm diameter). The seeds were wrapped with net cotton cloth and three days after germination, it was transferred to seedling tray. At 12th day uniform and healthy seedlings were transplanted in the plastic pots. A number of 10 seedlings were raised in each plastic pot. There were altogether 20 plastic pots. Five treatments viz; T1 – Control (No fertilizer), T2 – 100% recommended fertilizer (Urea, TSP and MOP), T3 – 75% Urea + 25% Nano- Nitrogen (Usual TSP and MOP) fertilizer, T4 – 50% Urea + 50% of Nano- Nitrogen (Usual TSP and MOP) fertilizer and T5 – 100% Nano-Nitrogen (Usual TSP and MOP) fertilizer were applied. The results revealed that there were significant (p
Credibility versus fake news in digital newspapers on tablets in primary education / Credibilidad versus falsedad de las noticias de periódicos digitales sobre la tableta en la Educación Primaria

Abstract The press is often attributed with little credibility, and the recent phenomenon of fake news has put it under the spotlight once again. As a result, the objective of this study is to discover the margin of the veracity versus falsehood of the news reports on tablets in primary education published in digital newspapers. This qualitative study has been developed on the basis of an analysis of 120 news items in Spanish newspapers. The conclusions show that news items on the topic correspond with reality and can be considered credible since they are in line with results provided in the scientific literature. Nevertheless, and in accordance with this type of publication, the treatment of the topic in these news items is superficial, even though they usually dedicate a full page to it. When discussing benefits and controversial points, both newspaper articles and scientific studies highlight the immediacy offered by tablets and the motivation generated in students. At the same time, their use is also linked with harmful effects associated with technopathologies.
A Probabilistic Classification Procedure Based on Response Time Analysis Towards a Quick Pre-Diagnosis of Student’s Attention Deficit

A classification methodology based on an experimental study is proposed towards a fast pre-diagnosis of attention deficit. Our sample consisted of school-aged children between 8 and 12 years from Valencia, Spain. The study was based on the response time (RT) to visual stimuli in computerized tasks. The process of answering consecutive questions usually follows an ex-Gaussian distribution of the RTs. Specifically, we seek to propose a simple automatic classification scheme of children based on the most recent evidence of the relationship between RTs and ADHD. Specifically, the prevalence percentage and reported evidence for RTs in relation to ADHD or to attention deficit symptoms were taken as reference in our study. We explain step by step how to go from the computer-based experiments and through the data analysis. Our desired aim is to provide a methodology to determine quickly those children who behave differently from the mean child in terms of response times and thus are potential candidates to be diagnosed for ADHD or any another cognitive disorder related to attention deficit. This is highly desirable as there is an urgent need for objective instruments to diagnose attention deficit symptomatology. Most of the methodologies available nowadays lead to an overdiagnosis of ADHD and are not based on direct measurement but on interviews of people related to the child such as parents or teachers. Although the ultimate diagnosis must be made by a psychologist, the selection provided by a methodology like ours could allow them to focus on assessing a smaller number of candidates which would help save time and other resources.
Research Progress on Regulatory B Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, systemic, autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by the production of numerous autoantibodies and cytokines, as well as multiple organ damage. Specific B cell subsets negatively regulate immune responses and have been termed regulatory B cells (Bregs). Bregs are characterized by the production of the immunoregulatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-10, IL-35, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Bregs suppress other immune cells through the secretion of these immunosuppressive cytokines and have thus been studied extensively for their potential role in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases. The progress of the research on Bregs and SLE in recent years is reviewed in this paper.
Glyphosate and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: No causal relationship

Objective: Herbicides are used worldwide by both residential and agricultural users. Due to the statistical analysis of some epidemiologic studies the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified the broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate (GS) in 2015, as potentially carcinogenic to humans especially with respect to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In this systematic review and re-analysis, the relationship between glyphosate and NHL was re- investigated. Methods: A systematic review and re-analysis of studies which investigated the relationship between GS and NHL was conducted. The method of the conditio sine qua non relationship, the method of the conditio per quam relationship, the method of the exclusion relationship and the mathematical formula of the causal relationship k were used to proof the hypothesis. Significance was indicated by a p-value of less than 0.05. Results: The studies analyzed do not provide any direct and indirect evidence that NHL is caused GS. Conclusion: In this re-analysis, no causal relationship was apparent between glyphosate and NHL and its subtypes. Keywords: Glyphosate, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, no causal relationship
A multi-site survey of forensic nursing assessment

Purpose A major difficulty identified many years ago in psychiatric care is the shortage of appropriate instruments with which to carry out valid and reliable therapeutic assessments which are behaviourally based and therefore appropriate for use in a variety of contexts. The aim of this project was to ascertain the utility of a forensic nursing risk assessment tool - Behavioural Status Index (BEST-Index). The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach A multi-site cross-sectional survey was undertaken using mixed method design. Quantitative data was generated using BEST-Index to allow comparisons across three different levels of security (high, medium and low) in Scotland and Ireland. Qualitative data were gathered from patients and multi-disciplinary team (MDT) members using semi-structured interviews and questionnaire. Findings Measured over an 18-month period, there was a statistically significant improvement in behaviour, when comparing patients in high and medium secure hospitals. Two key themes emerged from patient and staff perspectives: “acceptance of the process” and “production and delivery of information”, respectively. The wider MDT acknowledge the value of nursing risk assessment, but require adequate information to enable them to interpret findings. Collaborating with patients to undertake risk assessments can enhance future care planning. Research limitations/implications Studies using cross-section can only provide information at fixed points in time. Practical implications The BEST-Index assessment tool is well established in clinical practice and has demonstrated good utility. Originality/value This project has served to highlight the unique contribution of BEST-Index to both staff and patients alike and confirm its robustness and versatility across differing levels of security in Scottish and Irish forensic mental health services.
Anatomy, antiangiogenesis activity of wild, tissue culture and salt stress plants of Brassica oleracea L.

The aim of this study was to optimize cultural conditions required for in vitro seed germination, micropropagation with normal growth regulator medium and salt stress medium. Successfully 96% germination of seed was achieved in MS basal medium, and 92% in MS medium with NaCl 20 mM concentration. The bud explant cultured in MS medium augmented with BAP (11.10 μm) + KIN (1.16 μm) and NAA (0.98 μm) induced 91% shoots whereas the MS medium fortified with BAP (11.10 μm) + KIN (1.16 μm) + NAA (0.98 μm) and NaCl (20mM) produced 96% shoots. In the same medium the root formation occurs simultaneously along with shoots during subculture. The anatomical features of normal cells and tissues intact with normal size and shape of the cells. The shoots developed through in vitro showed presence of tannins and cells are enlarged deviating from normal spherical shape to spindle shape. Also less amount of cytoplasm and large number of vacuoles compared with filed grown. Secondary growth is very slower on salt induced experimental group when comparing with experimental and normal control. Further, vascular tissues is not fully regenerate in the experimental salt induced growth probably due to salt stress. Natural, in vitro and salt stress induced plant extracts showed the higher angiogenic activity 75.0 ± 1.42, 85.7 ± 1.24 and 80 ± 1.62 at the concentration 1000 μg/ml respectively.
The Kashmir conflict and human rights

The Kashmir conflict is one of the most longstanding and intractable − between India and Pakistan (over Kashmir) and between India and the people of Jammu and Kashmir (in Kashmir). The dynamic nature of the conflict affects the lives of millions of people, across political, social, economic and cultural spheres. Taking off from the analyses provided in ‘Memory and hope: new perspectives on the Kashmir conflict’ Race & Class 56, no. 2 (2014), the author looks at the massive scale of human rights violations. As he details the toll for 2018, he argues how one should not view the conflict as simply that between India and Pakistan over territory, but as continued and continual violations of the people of Kashmir.
The Influence of Uncertainty Contributions on Deep Learning Architectures in Vision-Based Evaluation Systems

Vision-based measurement (VBM) systems are powerful tool to extract quantitative information by acquiring video sequence or static images. When a VBM is applied to the evaluation of nominal properties, such as image characteristics, the term VBM is substituted with vision-based evaluation (VBE) by extending the framework of operation unit to a new concept of evaluation unit (EU) for the image analysis and machine learning phases. To this regard, deep learning (DL) approaches have gained an exponential interest in the research and industrial community, thanks to incredible flexibility toward visual words and the possibility to abandon subjective feature extraction procedures. From such an explosiveness of applications, it emerges the need to conduct studies on the capability of DL strategies to deal with uncertainty contributions, i.e., definitional uncertainty related to the measurand and reference uncertainty that may occur during the calibration process. In order to present a benchmark platform to analyze the effect of the major sources of uncertainties estimated, we use here an atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging scenario for the evaluation of the effect of nanoparticles exposure on human cells in the laboratory. These studies are nowadays fundamental in toxicity analysis for monitoring the health conditions of workers and for protecting people from atherosclerosis disease. The performance of the proposed VBE-DL system to recognize cell alterations from the AFM images is related to three different sources of uncertainty and a critical analysis of the results achieved is provided.
The Importance of Trust in the Implementation of the Strategic Management Process

Background. Although trust is a prerequisite for building business relationships, the scienti ﬁ c output of the theoretical and empirical research in this ﬁ eld in management sciences is rather meagre. It concerns mainly the trust in the context of building relationships with external partners. However, from the perspective of management it is important to focus on the issue of trust primarily in relation to employees. Research aims. The aim of the article is to present the achievements of theoretical and empirical research on the issues of trust in the strategic management process. Methodology. The studies concerned selected problems associated with the trust of the management staff in relation to employees and the implementation of the strategic management procedure. The main questions concerned: 1. Considering employee ideas when making key decisions in the company. 2. Engagement of employees in the strategy development. 3. Responsibility of all employees for the implementation of the strategy. 4. Discretionary powers of the employees as to the manner of implementing the strategy. The test sample included 150 Polish companies (50 small businesses, 50 medium-sized companies, and 50 large companies). The research tool was a survey questionnaire. In the survey, a research technique applied in quantitative studies – Paper and Pencil Interview (PAPI) was used. The ﬁ ve-point Likert scale was used in the survey questionnaire.
RQ Innovative Efficiency and Firm Value

Abstract We introduce and test a firm-level innovation-efficiency measure new to the finance literature. The measure, termed the research quotient (RQ), defined as the firm-specific output elasticity of research and development (R&D), was first developed in the management literature. RQ has a low correlation with existing innovation input, output, and efficiency measures. We test RQ in a number of innovation tests common to the finance literature and find that RQ is robust in all tests of firm value, even after controlling for previous innovation measures. The results suggest that RQ may serve as a relevant complementary measure of a company’s innovation.
Regulatory focus and message framing’s effects on intention to consume ethnic food in China

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of regulatory focus on Chinese consumers’ intention to consume ethnic food, the mediating role of food neophobia and the moderating role of message framing with regard to regulatory focus and ethnic food consumption. Design/methodology/approach Lab experiments method was used in this paper, two studies were designed to test the relationship between regulatory focus, food neophobia, message framing and intention to eat ethnic food. Study 1 was to test the influence of regulatory focus on intention to eat ethnic food, and the mediation role of food neophobia. Study 2 was to test the moderation role of message framing. Findings Results indicated that consumers with promotion focus have higher intention to eat ethnic food than consumers with prevention focus. Prevention-focus consumers have higher food neophobia, which leads to lower intention to eat ethnic food. Food neophobia plays the mediating role in the relationship between regulatory focus and intention to eat ethnic food. Regulatory fit can increase consumers’ intention to eat ethnic food. Promotion-focus consumers show higher eating intention in gain-framing situation, while prevention-focus consumers show higher eating intention in loss-framing situation. Research limitations/implications The study was undertaken in China. Further studies should include respondents living in countries other than China. Practical implications This research provides a venue for marketers of destination tourism, especially for ethnic food marketers to introduce and advertise ethnic foods to tourists. Regulatory fit is important for destination tourism. To improve consumers’ eating intention, this research suggests that ethnic food marketers should pay attention to regulatory focus of consumers from different regions and cultural background, and design corresponding message framing for consumers with different regulatory focus to form regulatory fit. Originality/value First, this study has proposed and tested regulatory focus’ effect on intention to consumer ethnic food. Food neophobia is used to explain the mechanism of relation between regulatory focus and intention to eat ethnic food. Also, message framing is introduced to define the boundary of relation between regulatory focus and intention to eat ethnic food.