Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of the relationship between customer relationship management contents and benefits in hospitals: An application of fuzzy set theory

Previous studies on customer relationship management (CRM) focused mainly on exploring how CRM techniques can improve organizational benefits, what key success factors and influential elements can adapt to CRM, etc. However, the integration of CRM contents into organizational activities to achieve CRM benefits requires further investigation. This study evaluated the interrelationships between CRM contents and CRM benefits using fuzzy set theory; and also provides suggestions on how to introduce CRM contents to CRM benefits in actual hospital settings. Analytical results based on a series of expert interviews indicated that CRM contents could impact the promotion of CRM benefits, especially focus on the category of data collection, the key item including data collection of optimum practices, internal processes, patients’ basic information, healthcare marketplace, etc. Decision makers could prioritize CRM contents and decide the implement schedule of CRM contents. Additionally, through evaluation of CRM contents, the decision makers can assess the importance of different categories of CRM contents and determine the priority for investing in CRM activities by ranking these categories. Key words: Customer relationship management (CRM), fuzzy set theory, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), CRM content, CRM benefit.
Corporate social responsibility and consumer buying behavior in the Nigerian oil and gas sector

Article Type: Review Article Recently, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained widespread support from businesses as part of their agenda for profit maximization and strategy for improved social image. Retail organizations in the Nigerian oil and gas industry are at varied levels in their adoption of CSR initiatives because of different perceptions and beliefs of the importance of CSR. Though some believe that CSR has little or no impact on consumers’ buying behaviors, others significantly believe that CSR initiatives are very impactful and important for profitmaximization, through increased customer patronage and loyalty. This study was conducted in the hope to find out why Nigeria’s oil and gas retailers make certain CSR decisions, the veracity of CSR assertions by these entities, as well as gain insight into consumers’ CSR consideration. Rapid technological advancement in conjunction with the ease of information flow has led to increased spread of information on organizations’ CSR. Though much work remains if organizations must improve on CSR, some Nigerian oil and gas entities appear to be benefiting from buying behaviors of consumers that greatly depend on these organizations’ CSR activities. ©2015 BluePen Journals Ltd. All rights reserved
Electoral Rules and Clientelistic Parties: A Regression Discontinuity Approach

This paper studies the causal effect of electoral systems on the performance of clientelistic vs. programmatic parties. We argue that, contrary to majoritarian systems, proportional systems disfavor clientelistic parties as voters can hardly be pivotal for electing their local patron. We test this insight using data from local elections in Morocco from 2003 and 2009. We use a regression discontinuity approach exploiting the fact that the law stipulates a population threshold below which the system is majoritarian and above which it is proportional. Results show a differential causal effect of proportional systems on programmatic and clientelistic parties: Clientelistic parties halve their seats and the programmatic party doubles them when crossing the threshold of proportionality. An important caveat is that the sample size around the threshold being relatively small, some coefficients are estimated relatively imprecisely. Fixed effects estimates exploiting a change in threshold from 2003 to 2009 yield similar results.
Earnings Management, CEO Domination, and Growth Opportunities: Evidence from Taiwan

Prior research on the relation between corporate governance characteristics and earnings management suggests that corporate governance controls are important to mitigate firm’s opportunistic behavior. The study addresses the impact of regulatory changes of the Corporate Governance Best-Practice Principles (CGBPP) on earnings management phenomenon for Taiwanese listed companies. We find that listed firms in Taiwan engage less earnings management following the enactment of the CGBPP. This study also incorporates an important environmental factor, growth opportunities, in this emerging market to examine whether independent (i.e., non-CEO dominated) corporate boards are associated with less earnings management. We find that high-growth firms with independent corporate boards in the post-CGBPP era are associated with less earnings management. In addition, we also provide evidence that independent corporate boards are associated with less earnings management. Overall, our findings shed light on the importance of corporate governance reforms in mitigating opportunistic earnings management behavior in an emerging market where growth-option rich industries are prevalent.
Opioid Use in the Cesarean Section Patient with the Preoperative Administration of Intravenous Acetaminophen

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv DEDICATION . v LIST OF TABLES . x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xii CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION . 1 Background . 1 Significance. 2 Clinical Question . 3 Problem Statement . 3 Purpose of the Project . 4 Acetaminophen History and Trade Names . 5 Cost of Acetaminophen. 6 Acetaminophen Mechanism. 6 Route Comparisons Supporting IV Administration . 6 Intravenous Acetaminophen Administration . 8 Summary . 9 CHAPTER II – REVIEW OF LITERATURE . 10 vii Intravenous Acetaminophen for Pain Management . 10 Surgeries Implementing Intravenous Acetaminophen for Multimodal Pain Reduction14 Gynecological Procedures . 14 Spinal Procedures. 15 Orthopedic Procedures . 16 Benefits of Intravenous Acetaminophen for Cesarean Section . 17 Review of Literature Summary . 20 Theoretical Framework . 20 Neuman’s Systems Model Diagram Explained . 21 Prevention Measures . 23 Essential I . 25 Essential II . 25 Essential III . 26 Essential IV . 26 Essential V . 26 Essential VI . 27 Essential VII. 27 Essential VIII . 27 Summary of Neuman Systems Model and DNP Essentials. 28 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY . 29 viii Design . 29 Sample. 29 Variables . 30 Data Collection . 31 CHAPTER IV – ANALYSIS OF DATA . 33 Descriptive Statistics . 33 Bivariate Analysis . 34 Assumptions for Independent t-test . 35 Conclusion of Data Analysis . 37 CHAPTER V – Conclusion . 38 Discussion of Results and Limitations . 38 Limitations and Barriers . 38 Recommendations . 39 Implications for Future Practice . 40 DNP Essentials Summary of Application . 40 Conclusion . 40 APPENDIX A – Merit Health Wesley IRB Approval . 42 APPENDIX B – IRB Approval Letter . 43 APPENDIX C – Logic Model. 44 APPENDIX D – Data Collection Sheet . 45 ix APPENDIX E – Morphine Milligram Equivalent (MME) Chart . 46 APPENDIX F – Literature Matrix . 47 REFERENCES . 57
Internationalization of R&D by Brazilian Multinational Companies

Traditionally, most of previous studies on international R&D are not only conducted in advanced countries but also carried on with companies headquartered in developed economies. This paper presents an analysis of the R&D internationalization of Brazilian Multinational Companies (BMNCs) in terms of the major driving forces to globalize R&D and coordination of international R&D activities. This research was based on a multiple case study with seven BMNCs, which was leaded by a framework with specific issues on international R&D (driving forces, roles of subsidiaries, R&D management). We found out that BMNCs have internationalized its product development encouraged by both market-driven and technology-driven factors. Our conclusion is that, when compared to companies from developed countries (literature), BMNCs perform internationalization of R&D activities with very similar characteristics. These finds are additional evidences to contribute to the ongoing discussion about the internationalization of companies from developing countries.
Investigating the spatial pattern of mortality in Jordan-2008

Neighbourhood researches have been growing over the past two decades across the social sciences particularly in the area of public health. Many studies had examined the existence of spatial pattern of mortality in many developing and developed countries in improving the health status and reducing the variation in mortality between regions of such country. Some of these studies found spatial pattern for mortality and some were not using different statistical techniques and geographical mapping. Question was raised whether the spatial pattern of mortality was existed in Jordan? The objective was to investigate the spatial structure of mortality across different areas (governorates) of the country to provide implications for policy makers, investigating the hot spots of mortality, showing a visual picture of health status and reduce the variation in mortality as possible as can by showing the global clustering and local clusters for mortality. The data collected for 12 governorates based on census conducted in 2008. Mapping was used as a first step to conduct visual inspection based on the quantified gradients for mortality using quartiles. Two statistics of univariate spatial autocorrelation based on sharing boundary neighbours, known as global and local Moran's I, were carried out for examining the global clustering and local clusters respectively. All-cause standardized mortality ratios (SMR) have calculated for each governorate. Global Moran's I was found 0.18, z=1.73 with p value=0.08 and permutation p -value=0.02. Out of 12 governorates, three governorates were found as local clusters in mortality as shown from their local Moran's i I values 23 5 ( 0.71, 0.032 ; 0.18, 0.096 ; and 0.38, 0.023)
Building social capital in French "Poles d'Excellence Rurale"Â: the "rural excellency"Â as a modus vivendi for rural development

Our paper emphasizes the role of social capital in French "Poles d'Excellence Rurale (PER). Social capital is considered as highly valuable when considering the development of these particular rural areas. More precisely the French "Poles d'Excellence Rurale"Â are the perfect example of application of norms and networks that enable collective action and thus create social capital. These PER are functioning on traditional activities and social forms of organization which enables them to be competitive on a specific territory. We propose to develop and interrogate the role of two concepts already described as the major functional mechanism of a PER: a) the "rural excellency"Â and the "territorial engineering"Â (Lardon, Pin, 2007) which form one and a single concept related to the spatial diffusion of economic, social and organizational innovation through territorial competition and, b) the concept of 'private-public partnership', a management project developed by several actors able to develop and use various kinds of social networks. In the first case, the "rural excellency"Â characterizes the functional core of a PER and is related to the "diffusing effect"Â of specific comparative advantages of economic and social nature. We mention here the governance as one type of "rural excellency"Â which allows governments to "outsource"Â some of its welfare functions to local rural communities (Bifarello, 2002). Thus this process is supposed to initiate a competition between different rural territories followed by a selection among the "best territorial engineered territories"Â within the process of "territorial engineering"Â . In the second case, the "private-public partnership"Â of a PER implies a bottom-up policy involving local communities and actors with a certain democratic legitimacy and thus supporting partnerships between local actors somehow in opposition with government "top-down"Â policies. Our methodology is based on the report entitled "Facteurs de localisation et gouvernance dans les Poles d'Excellence Rurale"Â developed by CAESAR-AgroSup Dijon, (2009) which emphasize the type of partnership between different actors depending on different "request for proposals"Â and "expected rural spillovers"Â for each type of PER.
Higher education in further education: capturing and promoting HEness

This article discusses the implications of continuing to support the delivery of higher education (HE) in further education (FE) settings. Although a critical mass of students studying HE in Further Education Colleges (FECs) is significant in sustaining the viability of the provision, we argue that the qualitative dimensions to ‘capturing HEness’ are in need of further critical scrutiny. This is undertaken by highlighting the importance of institutional and individual autonomy in maintaining an HE culture, with specific reference to the curriculum, pedagogy, and research. Throughout, some key similarities and differences between HE and FE organisational practices and cultures are identified, and the various pressures which are simultaneously pulling the two apart, and together, are analysed. The article concludes by arguing that there are some grounds for cautious optimism but we must be mindful that both FE and HE need to retain practices and a culture, without which the essence of HEness could be compromised in both settings.
Reproduction of Varroa jacobsoni (Acari : Mesostigmata: Varroidae) in temperate climates of Argentina

L'etude a ete faite au printemps et a l'automne 1989 sur 10 colonies d'Apis mellifera ligustica n'ayant recu aucun traitement chimique. Huit cent quatre vingt dix neuf et 1003 celules de couvain d'ouvrieres sur le point d'emerger ont ete respectivement ouvertes a l'automne et au printemps et regroupees en fonction du nombre d'acariens femelles presents dans chacune d'elles. Les acariens ont ete observes en microscopie optique et classes. Le nombre total de cellules infestees a ete de 181 a l'automne et de 107 au printemps. Le nombre d'acariens fertiles est plus eleve au printemps (71,97%) qu'a l'automne (55,81%). En outre, le nombre d'acariens femelles qui se reproduisent diminue de facon significative avec l'augmentation du parasitisme a l'automne(P=0,001; tableau I, fig. 1)
Use of Boron Compounds as Grinding Aids with Alcohol Amines and Their Effect on Portland Cement Setting Points

Milling aids have been predominantly developed to increase the performance or grinding capacity of cement products, and alcohol amines have been used as grinding aids in cement grinding processes for many years. Moreover, the setting point of cement produced with grinding aids is most often changed. In this study, the effects of alkanolamines and boron compounds in different mixing amounts as grinding aids on the set point of cement were researched. Triethanolamine (TEA) and triisopropanolamine (TIPA) were used as alkanolamines and boric acid (BA) and anhydrous borax (AHB) as the boron compounds. It is evident that BA with TEA had a small effect on the cement setting point where the former decreased the retarding effect of the latter, but BA had no effect with TIPA. AHB decreased the retarding effect of TEA but had no effect with TIPA on setting times. When the boron compounds were added to TEA, they accelerated the initial setting points of cement by 15 to 20 minutes and the final setting points by 25 to 30 minutes according to the amount of TEA used.
Uncovering Expertise-Related Differences in Troubleshooting Performance: Combining Eye Movement and Concurrent Verbal Protocol Data

SUMMARY This study explored the value of eye movement data for uncovering relatively small expertise-related differences in electrical circuit-troubleshooting performance, and describes that value in relation to concurrent verbal protocols. Results show that in the ‘problem orientation’ phase, higher expertise participants spent relatively more time, had a shorter mean fixation duration, and fixated more on a major fault-related component than lower expertise participants. In the ‘problem formulation’ part of the ‘problem formulation and action decision’ phase, the mean fixation duration of the higher expertise participants was longer. In the ‘action evaluation and next action decision’ phase, higher expertise participants spent relatively more time than the lower expertise participants. Over the different phases, only the mean fixation duration of the higher expertise participants differed significantly. The relation between the eye movement and concurrent verbal protocol data is qualitatively described. The results are discussed in perspective of the combined value of eye tracking and concurrent reports for expertise research and instructional design. Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The New Ways to Raise Capital: An Exploratory Study of Crowdfunding

Purpose ¨C Paper aims is to describe, analyze and to increase the knowledge of the emerging crowdfunding phenomenon. This can be defined as the practice of funding a project or venture by raising a lot of small quantities of money from a huge number of people. Even though the number of academic studies has been increasing, the coverage of the population is relatively weak and not well understood by entrepreneurs and individual investors. Design/Methodology/Findings - The research can be classified as an exploratory research. It focuses on how the crowdfunding works. The research addresses the following research questions: What is crodwfunding? Which are the main characteristics of this phenomenon? Wihic are the principal strengths and the main weaknesses of crowdfunding? The findings expose purposes, characteristics, roles and tasks, and investment size of crowd-funding activity. Practical implications - The findings have implications for service managers interested in managing crowd-funding initiatives and to improve the activity of the consumers. Originality/value - The paper analyses a new emergent phenomenon. It aims to define the user/costuemri¯s role from co-creation to investment.
Woodland Conversion by Elephants in Africa: The Search for Causal Factors, Processes, Mechanisms and Management Strategies

The impacts of elephants on woodlands have triggered concerns that elephants were converting woodlands to grasslands in African savannas leading to the loss of biodiversity. Therefore, the objectives of the study are to identify the causes, processes and impacts of woodland conversion by elephants and thereby propose a guideline for formulating management strategies. The study is conducted through reviewing published documents on elephant-woodland interaction, factors, mechanisms and processes of woodland conversion to grasslands and impacts on biodiversity have been identified. The study reveals that: 1) the large nutritional and energetic requirements by elephants and high elephant population densities are two driving forces that may cause elephants to convert woodlands to grasslands; 2) the process of woodland conversion is not just elephant-tree interaction, but usually included other agents such as fires, droughts or other herbivores. Woodlands are converted to grasslands or scrublands because elephants, fires, droughts and other herbivores prevent recruitment of tree to larger class sizes and regeneration of seedlings of woody plants; 3) whereas there are few studies that support biodiversity decline due to impacts of elephants on woodlands, there are studies that indicate woodland disturbance by elephants have benefited and increased diversity of other species. It is concluded that woodland disturbance by elephant is not always detrimental to biodiversity, but may create heterogeneity and suitable habitats for other species. In formulating management strategies, considerations must be made to elephant densities, other agents that interact or work with elephants in woodland conversion and the benefits of woodland changes to biodiversity due to elephants.
Positive values of inhomogeneous 5-ary quadratic forms of type (3, 2)

Abstract Let Q(x, y, z, t, u) be a real indefinite 5-ary quadratic form of type (3,2) and determinant D(> 0). Then given any real numbers x0, y0, z0, t0, u0 there exist integers x, y, z, t, u such that 0 < Q(x+x0,y+y0,z+z0,t+t0,u+u0)≦(16D)1/5. All the critical forms are also determined.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SURVEY OF WORK VALUES

A series of scales measuring attitudes toward work was developed. The Survey of Work Values (SWV) was based on a number of dimensions of Protestant Ethic, specifically those aspects that deal with the meaning that an individual attaches to his role at work. The content validity of the items was established by the reallocation method of scaling. Items were analyzed to determine the best method of scoring and to select items for the subscales according to the internal consistencies and independence of the subscales. Unweighted, multipoint scoring was selected for 54 items. SWV scores discriminated among occupational groups and correlated with background characteristics of employed and disadvantaged persons. The purpose of this research was to construct a set of scales measuring several areas of work values. The Survey of Work Values (SWV) is intended to be an index of a person's attitudes toward work in general, rather than his feelings about a specific job. The concept of work values, referring to general attitudes regarding the meaning that an individual attaches to his work role, therefore, differs from that of job satisfaction (an attitude toward one's own job). A few scales have been constructed for the purpose of measuring work values (StefHre, 1959; Super, 1957, 1962) and occupational values (Kilpatrick, Cummings, & Jennings, 1964; Rosenberg, 1957). Although these measures have been carefully developed, they seem to be extremely global. The SWV differs from previous scales3 in that it is directed toward separate areas of values and is limited to the construct of secularized Protestant Ethic with which work values seem to be closely linked. The principal aspects of Protestant Ethic as described by Weber (1958) are individualism, asceticism, and industriousness. The emphasis placed on a man's industriousness probably represents the most critical aspect of Protes
COMPARABILITY OF REPORTED CASH FLOWS UNDER IFRS - EVIDENCE FROM GERMANY

IFRS are intended to provide users with transparent and comparable financial information. However, in contrast to US GAAP and German GAAP, IFRS offer considerable flexibility regarding the classification of interest and dividends in the statement of cash flows. We explore the reporting practice of German listed firms and shed light on the determinants of classification choices which aim to increase operating cash flow (OCF). Our findings support prior research in that firms tend to increase OCF under specific circumstances, especially when they are highly leveraged and/or less profitable. Moreover, we find that industry practice plays a major role in determining firms’ reporting choices. Overall, our results cast doubt on whether the advantages of the flexibility offered under IFRS outweigh the disadvantages of reduced comparability. JEL Classification: M41