Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Attractiveness of Portugal as a Tourist Destination: The Perspective of Czech Tour Operators

ABSTRACT In this study we investigate the attractiveness of Portugal as a tourist destination from the perspective of Czech tour operators. Tour operators were selected as the target population because they represent an important source of information about a destination and can significantly influence the decision of potential tourists about a holiday destination. One of the important findings of this research is that weak promotion and financial demands are perceived as the main reasons why many Czech tourists do not choose Portugal as their vacation destination. An obvious obstacle in the development of Portugal as a Czech tourism destination is the lack of information about its advantages as a tourist destination. The results also show that Portugal is not considered a key destination for Czech tourists. However, in terms of its attractiveness as a tourist destination Portugal has much potential, which should be utilized in the future.
The Use of Hermeneutics in a Mixed Methods Design

Combining methods in a single study is becoming a more common practice because of the limitations of using only one approach to fully address all aspects of a research question. Hermeneutics in this paper is discussed in relation to a large national study that investigated issues influencing the ability of international graduates to work as occupational therapists in Canada. Using methods that reflect different ontological and epistemological beliefs was necessary to attain a comprehensive view of enablers and barriers that influence workforce integration. Hermeneutics proved to be a credible and flexible strategy for combining methods to create a deep understanding of acculturation issues for international occupational therapy graduates wishing to work in Canada. Key Words: Qualitative Methods, Multi-method Approach, and International Mobility
Attentional Problems and Subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract This study aimed to compare children with different ADHD subtypes and controls on measures of attention, and to examine the relationships between measures of attention and reading and spelling ability. Thirty-eight children with ADHD and sixteen controls were administered tests of four components of attention (viz., attention span, focused attention, selective attention and shifting attention) and two subtests (viz., reading and spelling) from the WRAT-3. The children with ADHD-Combined subtype were found to show deficits in attention span and focused attention, while the children with ADHD-Inattentive subtype were found to show deficits in shifting attention, and subtler deficits in attention span and focused attention. Measures of attention span were found to be significant predictors of reading ability, and measures of attention span and selective attention were found to be significant predictors of spelling ability. These results suggest that different ADHD subtypes show different patterns of attentional problems that have different neuroanatomical bases. Furthermore, academic problems in children with ADHD may be related to their attentional problems.
Shared Space: Reconciling People, Places and Traffic

Under the label of ‘shared space’, a radically different approach to street design, traffic flow and road safety is rapidly emerging. Combining a greater understanding of behavioural psychology with a changing perception of risk and safety, shared space offers a set of principles that suggest new radically different possibilities for successfully combining movement with the other civic function of streets and urban spaces. Shared space has evolved most rapidly in the Denmark, Germany, Sweden and the northern part of Holland. However there is a growing range of examples in France, Spain, the UK and other European countries. The paper considers the potential for shared space principles to prompt a new approach to the design, management and maintenance of streets and public spaces in cities, towns and villages. Drawing on well-established examples from a variety of countries, the author examines the outcomes of schemes that deliberately integrate traffic into the social and cultural protocols that govern the rest of public life. The findings raise important implications for governments and local authorities, for professionals, for communities and for citizens.
Who Will Feed China in the 21st Century? Income Growth and Food Demand and Supply in China

This paper uses resource-based cereal equivalent measures to explore the evolution of China’s demand and supply for food. Although demand for food calories is probably close to its peak level in China, the ongoing dietary shift to animal-based foods, induced by income growth, is likely to impose considerable pressure on agricultural resources. Estimating the relationship between income growth and food demand with data from a wide range of countries, China’s demand growth appears to have been broadly similar to the global trend. On the supply side, output of food depends strongly on the productivity growth associated with income growth and on the country’s agricultural land endowment, with China appearing to be an out-performer. The analyses of income-consumption-production dynamics suggest that China’s current income level falls in the range where consumption growth outstrips production growth, but that the gap is likely to begin to decline as China’s population growth and dietary transition slow down. Continued agricultural productivity growth through further investment in research and development, and expansion in farm size and increased mechanization, as well as sustainable management of agricultural resources, are vital for ensuring that it is primarily China that will feed China in the 21st century.
Corpus Linguistics and its Aplications in Higher Education

The aim of this paper is to review and analyse relevant factors related to the implementation of corpus linguistics (CL) in higher education. First we set out to describe underlying principles of CL and its developments in relation to theoretical linguistics and its applications in modern teaching practices. Then we attempt to establish how different types of corpora have contributed to the development of direct and indirect approaches in language teaching. We single out Data Driven Learning (DDL) due to its relevance in applied linguistics literature, and examine in detail advantages and drawbacks. Finally, we outline problems concerning the implementation of CL in the classroom since awareness of the limitations of CL is vital for its future success.
A student-led comparison of techniques for augmenting the field experience

We report a study in which 30 university geography students compared five techniques to enhance the experience of visiting outdoor locations. The techniques were: a pre-prepared acetate overlay of the visual scene; a custom-designed visitor guide running on a PDA; the mScape location-based software running on a GPS-enabled mobile phone; Google Earth on a tablet PC; and a head-mounted virtual reality display. The students were given the assignment as part of their assessed coursework for a field trip to the UK Lake District, where they had to evaluate the techniques and propose improvements or future designs to enable tourists or students on field trips to gain an enhanced understanding of their surroundings. The paper describes these techniques, reports the process and results of the student assignment, and concludes with a discussion of some broader issues emerging from the project.
Structural Document Similarity for Integrated Crawling and Wrapping ?

We propose an architecture which combines crawling and extraction of relevant information from Web pages available on the Web. In this architecture, a primary role played by a distance-based classification methodology is devised. Such a methodology is based on an efficient and effective technique for detecting structural similarities among HTML documents, which significantly differs from standard methods based on graph-matching algorithms. The technique is based on the idea of representing the structure of an HTML document as a time series in which each occurrence of a tag corresponds to a given impulse. By analyzing the frequencies of the corresponding Fourier transform, we can hence state the degree of similarity between documents. Experiments on real data show the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
The Real Effects of Financial Integration

This paper shows correlations in GDP fluctuations rise with financial integration. Finance serves to increase international correlations in both consumption and GDP fluctuations, which explains the persistent gap between the two in the data, a quantity puzzle. The positive association between financial integration and GDP correlation constitutes a puzzle, as theory suggests a negative relation if anything. Nevertheless, it prevails in the data even after the effects of finance on trade and specialization are accounted for.
Reproducibility of pyrosequencing data for biodiversity assessment in complex communities

High‐throughput sequencing is rapidly becoming a popular method to profile complex communities and has generated deep insights into community biodiversity. However, the reproducibility of this method for biodiversity assessment remains largely unexplored. Here we evaluated reproducibility by analysing 454 pyrosequenced biological replicates of two complex plankton communities collected from one freshwater port and one marine port. We also tested whether reproducibility potentially influences biodiversity estimates, notably α‐ and β‐diversity. Our evaluation of reproducibility revealed a complex scenario, having both technical and biological significance. At the Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) level, reproducibility was 100% for high‐abundance OTUs (>100 sequences), although it was lower for low‐abundance OTUs, and sometimes <25% for singletons. BLAST searches showed that >88% of irreproducible OTUs had high sequence similarity to existing records, suggesting that some singletons may reflect rare lineages/genotypes in communities. However, spurious amplification of distantly related taxonomic groups generated mainly low‐abundance OTUs that were characterized by low reproducibility. At a broad taxonomic level (i.e. order level), reproducibility decreased as the abundance of OTUs decreased and was particularly low for distantly related taxonomic groups such as algae and protists that were not the targets of our zooplankton biodiversity survey. At a lower taxonomical level (i.e. family‐level), overall reproducibility was high (>80%) for crustaceans, the dominant group in zooplankton samples. Therefore, we suggest that random variation during both sample collection and sequencing processes can be responsible for low reproducibility. Our analyses also suggest that random sampling processes may influence both α‐ and β‐diversity estimates. Our results add to growing evidence that caution needs to be applied when designing and interpreting experiments utilizing high‐throughput sequencing data for biodiversity assessments. Technical replicates are needed to statistically correct intra‐sample variation, while field‐based replicate samples are desirable to substantiate results. An overestimation of species diversity can occur when OTUs are uniquely characterized by spuriously amplified sequences and errors/artifacts. Therefore, careful management of low‐abundance OTUs is required to reveal unique/rare lineages. Our results suggest that further studies are needed to determine the ecological significance of low‐abundance OTUs in complex communities.
THE INFLUENCE OF DETERGENTS, SODIUM TRIPOLY-PHOSPHATES AND ETHOXYLED OLEYL-CETYL ALCOHOL ON METABOLISM OF THE FUNGI PENICILLIUM VERRUCOSUM PEYRONEL

On the species of the fungi Penicillium verrucosum grown on liquid nutritious base, according to Czapek and on a variation of the same nutritious base with detergent MERIX ('Merima', Krusevac) and individual components of the same detergent: sodium tripolyphosphate and ethoxyled oleyl-cetyl alcohol in a concentration of 0.1%, the following analyses were performed: pH, redox potential, proteolytic activity, the quantity of free and total organic acids, amino acids, proteins and total biomass. We can notice from the obtained results that the detergent, sodium tripoly-phosphate and ethoxyled oleyl-cetyl alcohol in a concentration of 0.1% had an inhibitory effect on protein bioproduction and total biomass on the 8th day from the day of inoculation, while the production of free and total organic acids was partially or significantly stimulated by the presence of the detergent, sodium tripoly-phosphate and ethoxyled oleyl-cetyl alcohol in a concentration of 0.1%. With aging of the fungus culture Penicillium verrucosum, the exception was free organic acids production which was, with the age of the culture, partially inhibited by the detergent. Proteolytic activity of the fungi Penicillium verrucosum had a slightly variable value during the experimental period with added nutritions media to the detergent, sodium tripoly-phosphate and ethoxyled oleyl-cetyl alcohol in a concentration of 0.1% with a slight aberration in relation to the control in some phases of the fungal growth.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Financial distress, corporate control, and management turnover

We empirically investigate the eﬀect of ﬁnancial distress on corporate ownership and control. Our analysis is based on a panel of 267 German ﬁrms that suﬀered from repeated interest coverage shortfalls between 1996 and 2004. We track each ﬁrm’s development over the distress cycle with particular attention on corporate ownership, restructuring, and management turnover. We ﬁnd a signiﬁcant decrease in ownership concentration. Private investors gradually relinquish their dominating role and thereby cease to be an eﬀective source of managerial control. By contrast, ownership representation by banks and outside investors almost doubles. Sharehold-ings by executive and non-executive directors also substantially increase but have no eﬀect on managerial tenure. Forced management turnover is mostly initiated by outside investors and banks and often occurs subsequent to debt restructurings, block investments, and takeovers
Microbial and Physico-Chemical Quality Assessment of the Raw and Pasteurized Milk Supplied In the Locality of Twin City of Pakistan

The present study was undertaken with the aim of investigating the physico-chemical and microbiological quality of raw and pasteurized milk consumed in the twin city of Pakistan. For this purpose ninety samples of buffalo raw milk and sixty samples of pasteurized milk were collected from different locally producer. The physiochemical examination included pH, fat, total solids and moisture to assess consumer’s acceptance and the bacteriological analysis comprised enumeration of total viable count, colifrom count, fecal count, yeast & mold E.coli, Enterobacteriacea, Salmonella and Staphylococcus for the determination of sanitary. The chemical result showed that range of pH, fat, total solids and moisture were within the permissible limits in both raw and pasteurized samples while microbiological quality showed that raw milk samples were contaminated with total plate count, Coliform, fecal Coliform, E.Coli, Salmonella and yeast & molds and few samples of pasteurized milk were contaminated with total viable count (TVC).
Galaxy and Mass Assembly: FUV, NUV, ugrizYJHK Petrosian, Kron and Sérsic photometry

In order to generate credible 0.1–2 μm spectral energy distributions, the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) project requires many gigabytes of imaging data from a number of instruments to be reprocessed into a standard format. In this paper, we discuss the software infrastructure we use, and create self-consistent ugrizYJHK photometry for all sources within the GAMA sample. Using UKIDSS and SDSS archive data, we outline the pre-processing necessary to standardize all images to a common zero-point, the steps taken to correct for the seeing bias across the data set and the creation of gigapixel-scale mosaics of the three 4 × 12 deg2 GAMA regions in each filter. From these mosaics, we extract source catalogues for the GAMA regions using elliptical Kron and Petrosian matched apertures. We also calculate Sersic magnitudes for all galaxies within the GAMA sample using sigma, a galaxy component modelling wrapper for galfit 3. We compare the resultant photometry directly and also calculate the r-band galaxy luminosity function for all photometric data sets to highlight the uncertainty introduced by the photometric method. We find that (1) changing the object detection threshold has a minor effect on the best-fitting Schechter parameters of the overall population (M*± 0.055 mag, α± 0.014, ϕ*± 0.0005 h3 Mpc−3); (2) there is an offset between data sets that use Kron or Petrosian photometry, regardless of the filter; (3) the decision to use circular or elliptical apertures causes an offset in M* of 0.20 mag; (4) the best-fitting Schechter parameters from total-magnitude photometric systems (such as SDSS modelmag or Sersic magnitudes) have a steeper faint-end slope than photometric systems based upon Kron or Petrosian measurements; and (5) our Universe’s total luminosity density, when calculated using Kron or Petrosian r-band photometry, is underestimated by at least 15 per cent.
Interwar Unemployment in International Perspective

1 Interwar Unemployment in International Perspective: An Overview. - 1 Introduction. - 2 The Emergence of the Problem. - 3 Aggregate Unemployment Statistics. - 4 Labour Demand and Supply. - 5 Unemployment and Labour Market Adjustment. - 6 The Incidence of Unemployment. - 7 Labour Turnover and Unemployment Duration. - 8 The Effects of Unemployment. - 9 Conclusion. - 2 The Macroeconomics of the Interwar Years: International Comparisons. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Relative International Performance in the Great Depression. - 3 A Model of the Open Economy, World Prices Given. - 4 Estimation Results. - 5 The World. - 6 Concluding Remarks. - 3 Labour Market Structure and the Nature of Unemployment in Interwar Britain. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Stocks, Rows and Duration of Unemployment. - 3 Who Were the Unemployed? - 4 Unemployment in the 1930s and the 1980s: Some Comparisons. - 5 The Causes of Long-Term Unemployment. - 6 The Sources of Rapid Turnover. - 7 Conclusion. - 4 Unemployment, Insurance and Health in Interwar Britain. - 1 Introduction. - 2 The Causes of Poverty. - 3 The Results of Unemployment. - 4 Unemployment and Stature. - 5 National Socialist Economics: The Wirtschaftswunder Reconsidered. - 1 Introduction. - 2 National Socialist Work Creation Measures, 1933-35. - 3 National Socialist Labour Market Statistics. - 6 Unemployment in the 1930s: The Case of Italy. - 1 The Great Depression and Unemployment: An Unexplored Territory. - 2 Italy's Labour Market Between the Wars. - 3 Measuring Industrial Unemployment. - 4 Fascism and Unemployment. - 5 An Appraisal of Labour Policies. - 6 Unemployment and Wages. - 7 Some Concluding Remarks. - 7 Why Was Unemployment so Low in France During the 1930s? - 1 Introduction. - 2 Macroeconomic Developments and the Labour Market Statistics. - 3 The Measurement of French Unemployment. - 4 Analysis by Occupation and by Departement of Unemployment in France During the 1930s. - 5 The Employment Relationship and Unemployment in the 1930s. - 6 Conclusion. - 8 Interwar Unemployment in Belgium. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Institutional Aspects of Unemployment in Belgium, 1920-39: The System of Voluntary Unemployment Insurance. - 3 Quantitative Aspects of Unemployment in Belgium, 1920-39. - 4 Structural Aspects of Unemployment in Belgium, 1930-37. - 5 Conclusion. - 9 Interwar Unemployment in the United States: Evidence from the 1940 Census Sample. - 1 Introduction. - 2 The Data. - 3 Multivariate Analysis. - 4 Implications. - 5 The Added Worker Effect: Labour Force Participation of Married Women. - 6 Concluding Remarks. - 10 Unemployment and Relief in Canada. - 1 Introduction. - 2 The Incidence of Unemployment. - 3 Coping with the Depression. - 4 Conclusions. - 11 The Australian and US Labour Markets in the 1930s. - 1 Introduction. - 2 The Australian-US Comparisons. - 3 Further Observations on Unemployment in Australia. - 4 Conclusion.
Knowledge and Practice of Mother regarding Exclusive Breastfeeding having Infant at a Tertiary Level Hospital, Kathmandu

Introduction: Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding is a cost effective intervention to reduce infant mortality in developing countries. The objective of this study was to identify knowledge and practice of mothers regarding exclusive breastfeeding . Material and Methods: This was a descriptive exploratory study carried out in the immunization clinic of tertiary level hospital in Kathmandu. A total of 323 mothers who came for immunization of six months to one year were selected as the sample for the study by using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Semi - structured interview questionnaire was used to collect the data both on knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding, from 13th July to 8th September 2014. Results: Study findings revealed that 84.5 % of the respondents were aware of the correct meaning of exclusive breastfeeding and 49.5 % of the respondents practiced exclusively breastfeeding to their children up to 6 months. There was statistically significant association of respondent’s level of knowledge regarding exclusive breast feeding with their educational status (p = 0.034, OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.03-2.66) and type of delivery (p = 0.005, OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2-3). Likewise, a significant association was seen between respondent’s level of practice regarding EBF and type of delivery (p = 0.005, OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2-3). Conclusion: Study concludes that only about half of the mothers tended to have adequate knowledge regarding exclusive breast feeding. However, practice of exclusive breastfeeding for up to six months tended to be low so there should be efforts on encouraging and counseling for exclusive breast-feeding up to six months in hospital, community and immunization clinic.
Hepatitis B virus genotypes : a retrospective survey in Southwestern France , 1999-2004 HÉPATITES VIRALES

Results — Genotype distribution was A 51%, B 6.7%, C 5.7%, D 26.3%, E 7.7%, F 0.5%, G 2.1%. Among the 146 patients documented, 71.2% were Caucasians, 15.8% Africans, 13.0% Asians. Fifty-seven patients (36%) were HIV-infected. Eighty-two (42.3%) patients were HBeAg-positive. Genotype A was almost exclusively carried by Caucasians (96%), Africans were most frequent among genotype E (82%), and Asians were most prevalent among genotypes B and C (82% and 80%, respectively). Genotype A was associated with a higher prevalence of HBeAg than genotype D (53% versus 35.3%, P=0.03). PC variant was detected in 35% and CP variant in 43% of patients. PC variant was uncommon in genotype A patients (7.3%).