Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconstituted Killer Cell Inhibitory Receptors for Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules Control Mast Cell Activation Induced via Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Activation Motifs*

Natural killer and T cells express at their surface, members of a multigenic family of killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIR) for major histocompatibility complex Class I molecules. KIR engagement leads to the inhibition of natural killer and T cell activation programs. We investigated here the functional reconstitution of KIR in a non-lymphoid cell type. Using stable transfection in the RBL-2H3 mast cell line, we demonstrated that (i) KIR can inhibit signals induced by FcεRIγ or CD3ζ polypeptides that bear immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs; (ii) two distinct immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs-bearing receptors, i.e. KIR and FcγRIIB, use distinct inhibitory pathways since KIR engagement inhibits the intracellular Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum stores, in contrast to FcγRIIB, which only inhibits extracellular Ca2+ entry; (iii) KIR require co-ligation with an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-dependent receptor to mediate their inhibitory function. This latter finding is central to the mechanism by which KIR selectively inhibit only the activatory receptors in close vicinity. Taken together our observations also contribute to define and extend the family of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif-bearing receptors involved in the negative control of cell activation.
On Human Emotions

Study of One's Own Society. New York: Cambridge University Press. Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko 1981 Illness and Healing among the Sakhalin Ainu. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1984a Native Anthropologists. American Ethnologist 11:584-586. 1984b Illness and Culture in Contemporary Japan. New York: Cambridge University Press. Peterson, John H. , Jr., B. Spencer, and Choong Soon Kim 1975 Choctaw Demographic Survey. Philadelphia, MS: Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians.
No Difference in Neck Enlargement for Patients Treated With Double Proximal Self-Expandable Suprarenal Fixation Endografting

Introduction: Neck enlargement is well described in patients treated with self-expandable endografts for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Double endografting (ie, overlapping of stent grafts) occurs in patients with proximal cuffs or bifurcated to monoiliacal configuration conversions. When the aortic neck of patients receives 2 suprarenal fixation endografts, it may behave differently in terms of radial force and interaction of additional suprarenal stents extending to the visceral aorta. Methods: We performed a retrospective study comparing 2 groups. Group 1 included 18 patients treated with 2 proximal self-expandable endografts. Group 2 included 17 patients treated with 1 self-expandable endograft who were consecutively treated during the period of treatment in group 1. Neck measurements were analyzed in both groups preoperatively and in the last computed tomography scan during follow-up. Suprarenal, interrenal, juxtarenal, and infrarenal (at 5 and 10 mm) diameters, as well as interrenal and infrarenal (5 mm) areas, were measured. Results: There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics, initial neck measurements, and aneurysmal sac evolution including endoleaks between the groups. Both groups showed neck enlargement. Group comparisons of all parameters in posttreatment neck measurements showed no statistical change. Univariate analysis showed oversizing to be significant in interrenal diameter and area and infrarenal at 10 mm diameter; however, 2-way analysis of variance analysis showed that the interaction between oversizing and the number of stent grafts was not significant. Conclusion: Neck enlargement occurs in patients with self-expandable endografts with a tendency to reach the size of the endograft in the long term. Double endografting seems to interact in the same way as simple endografting in the aortic neck. Although the main limitation of our study lies in the small sample size, the presence of an additional “double” stent graft does not appear to result in any differences in aortic neck dilatation when compared to a single stent graft.
EFFECT OF MOISTURE AND OF TREATMENTS WITH ACID AND ALKALI ON RATE OF FORMATION OF FREE FATTY ACIDS IN STORED COTTONSEED.

Cottoniseed deteriorates upon1 storage, with the result that the contenit of free fattv acids in the seed oil is increased, the color of the oil in the seed is darkened, the seed protein is partially denatured, and viability is decreased. This increase in free fatty acid conitent is reflected in a higher refining loss during the processing of the crude oil and the darkened color of the oil reduces its desirability as ani edible product. AIALOWAN (7, 8), FREYER (3), anid ROBERTSON anid CAMPBELL (14) have investi(gated the effects of methods of storage, moisture content, and temperature of the seed on the formationi of free fattv acids during the storaoe of cottonlseed. SIMPSON (16, 17) has made a thorough study of the effect of storage coniditions on the viabilityof cottonseed, and RUSCA and GERDES (15) have observed the effect of the drying of cotton prior to ginning uponi the subsequeint storage behavior of the seeds. All of these invest.igators have concluded that, with iniereasino moisture content of the seed and higrher temperature of storage, there is a greater tendencyfor the formation of free fatty acids in the seeds and a corresponding loss in t.heir viability. It has become evidenit, however, both from studies of the behavior of individual lots of seed and from a statistical study of the cottoinseed in the Delta reoion (9), that moisture content an(d temperature are niot the only factors influencing the quality of stored seed. This meanis that two samples of cottonseed which have the same moisture contenit anid whieh are stored at the same temperature will not necessarily develop free fatty acids at the same rate. The presenit report covers the results of the first of a series of investigations undertaken at this laboratory in anl effort to ascertaini the nature and mechanism of the various chemical systemas which are responsible for the chanoes in cottonseed during" storaoe. It was fouLnid necessary to establish a quantitative expression for the course of the deteriorationi so that the results of separate experiments could be eompared direetlv. Such an expression was developed as a consequeniee of ani inivestigationi of the kinetics of the formationi of free fattv acids in cottoniseed, anid it has beenl applied 1 The storage of cottonseed. I. The first of a selies of papers o0l the niature anid mechanism of the chemical system operative durinig storage of cottoniseed. The second paper in this series has appeared wlhile the first was in press; ALTSCHUL, A. M. , KARON, M. L. , KYAMIE, LILLIAN, and CARAVELLA, MAIZIE. The storage of cottonseed. II. The effect of ammonia treatment on the free fatty acids and color of the seed oil, and on the rate and degree of heating of the seed. Oil and Soap 20: 258-262. 1943. 310
EVIDENCE OF FAST PEBBLE GROWTH NEAR CONDENSATION FRONTS IN THE HL TAU PROTOPLANETARY DISK

Water and simple organic molecular ices dominate the mass of solid materials available for planetesimal and planet formation beyond the water snow line. Here we analyze ALMA long baseline 2.9, 1.3 and 0.87 mm continuum images of the young star HL Tau, and suggest that the emission dips observed are due to rapid pebble growth around the condensation fronts of abundant volatile species. Specifically, we show that the prominent innermost dip at 13 AU is spatially resolved in the 0.87 mm image, and its center radius is coincident with the expected mid-plane condensation front of water ice. In addition, two other prominent dips, at distances of 32 and 63 AU, cover the mid-plane condensation fronts of pure ammonia or ammonia hydrates and clathrate hydrates (especially with CO and N2) formed from amorphous water ice. The spectral index map of HL Tau between 1.3 and 0.87 mm shows that the flux ratios inside the dips are statistically larger than those of nearby regions in the disk. This variation can be explained by a model with two dust populations, where most of the solid mass resides in a component that has grown to decimeter size scales inside the dips. Such growth is in accord with recent numerical simulations of volatile condensation, dust coagulation, and settling.
Factors That Predict Satisfaction With Medical Care: Data From 27,212 Injured Workers Surveyed for 14 Years

Objective: the aim of this study is to report satisfaction rates and identify factors predicting satisfaction in the Pennsylvania Workers’ Compensation (WC) system. Methods: Cross-sectional survey data on satisfaction and care experience of injured workers were collected annually for 14 years with 27,712 injured workers responding. Results: The overall response rate was 19.44%. The overall proportion of satisfied workers was 83.97% with a range of 80.43% to 88.13%. Obtaining a correct initial diagnosis [odds ratio (OR) = 4.26], explanation of WC rights (OR = 2.58), and physician explanation of treatment options (OR = 1.83) most strongly predicted satisfaction. Conclusions: Injured worker satisfaction with their medical care exceeded 80% in all years surveyed. Patient perception of a correct initial diagnosis, explanation of WC rights, and explanation of treatment options were the strongest predictors of satisfaction during the 14-year study period.
The regulation of the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway: New answers to old problems

There is a paradox in the oxidizing phase of the phosphate pentose pathway that has not yet been solved. The flow through the pathway is reduced in basal conditions; however, it must rise notably when a NADPH supplement is required. The paradox consists of the strong inhibition that the NADPH exerts on the both dehydrogenases of the pathway, especially on the regulating enzyme glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Theoretically, in anabolic situations, the increase of gene expression of G6PD and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase can induce a rise in the production of NADPH, which would cause the immediate inhibition of the enzyme and a drastic flow reduction. However, increasing the flow through oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) has been experimentally demonstrated in many physiological states. However, this situation will be resolved if the NADPH metabolized or otherwise sufficient NADPH is sequestered to relax the inhibition of the dehydrogenases of OPPP and to maintain high ratio of NADPH/NADP+ needed to ensure the reducing environment of the cell cytoplasm and the contribution of NADPH for anabolic processes. In 1974, the presence of a protein capable of reversing the inhibition of G6PD by NADPH was detected; however, to date, this paradox remains undisclosed. This review deals with the possibility that such reverting action might be similar to the activity of a protein named HSCARG, which is responsible for the abduction of NADPH, thus keeping a portion of the coenzyme away from the catalytic action and, simultaneously, the immune response through the NF‐κB (nuclear factor kappa light‐chain enhancer of activated B cells) system. The model has many similarities with the hypothesis proposed some 40 years back on the reversion of G6PD inhibition by NADPH. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(11):775–779, 2014
The role of communication in paediatric drug safety

Medication errors cause substantial harm to patients, and considerable cost to healthcare systems. Evidence suggests that communication plays a crucial role in the generation, management and prevention of such incidents. This review identifies how paediatric medication errors can be managed, and in particular focuses on the pathway of steps that can operationalise the current research findings. Furthermore, the current data suggesting how communication can help to prevent errors occurring in the first place is examined. From this data, it is apparent that there are three domains in which communication could play an important preventative role: first, patient doctor communication, and second interprofessional communication and finally researcher/professional dialogue. This review is an attempt to identify the importance of communication in paediatric mediation safety and to allow practical application of these findings.
Ligation of CD8 leads to apoptosis of thymocytes that have not undergone positive selection.

Thymocytes that are not positively selected are said to undergo "death by neglect. " We have found that ligation of CD8, either by antibodies or MHC class I molecules, induces apoptosis of CD4(+)CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes. The susceptibility of thymocytes to CD8-mediated apoptosis is developmentally regulated and confined to a subpopulation of DP thymocytes. Stimulation through CD3 protects thymocytes from CD8-mediated apoptosis. We suggest that during thymocyte development, binding of CD8 to MHC class I molecules without T cell receptor engagement induces apoptosis in immature DP thymocytes. Our data are consistent with a model in which thymocytes that do not survive positive selection undergo "death by instruction" instead of death by neglect.
Metasynthesis and Bricolage

During the past decades, new approaches to synthesizing qualitative data have been developed. However, this methodology continues to face significant philosophical and practical challenges. By reviewing the literature on this topic, our overall aim in this article is to explore the systematic and creative research processes involved in the act of metasynthesizing. By investigating synthesizing processes borrowed from two studies, we discuss matters of transparency and transferability in relation to how multiple qualitative studies are interpreted and transformed into one narrative. We propose concepts such as bricolage, metaphor, playfulness, and abduction as ideas that might enhance understanding of the importance of combinations of scientific and artistic approaches to the way the synthesizer “puzzles together” an interpretive account of qualitative studies. This study can benefit researchers by increasing their awareness of the artistic processes involved in qualitative analysis and metasynthesis to expand the domain and methods of their fields.
Ambient Air Pollution and Respiratory Emergency Department Visits

Background: A number of emergency department studies have corroborated findings from mortality and hospital admission studies regarding an association of ambient air pollution and respiratory outcomes. More refined assessment has been limited by study size and available air quality data. Methods: Measurements of 5 pollutants (particulate matter [PM10], ozone, nitrogen dioxide [NO2], carbon monoxide [CO], and sulfur dioxide [SO2]) were available for the entire study period (1 January 1993 to 31 August 2000); detailed measurements of particulate matter were available for 25 months. We obtained data on 4 million emergency department visits from 31 hospitals in Atlanta. Visits for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, upper respiratory infection, and pneumonia were assessed in relation to air pollutants using Poisson generalized estimating equations. Results: In single-pollutant models examining 3-day moving averages of pollutants (lags 0, 1, and 2): standard deviation increases of ozone, NO2, CO, and PM10 were associated with 1–3% increases in URI visits; a 2 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 organic carbon was associated with a 3% increase in pneumonia visits; and standard deviation increases of NO2 and CO were associated with 2–3% increases in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease visits. Positive associations persisted beyond 3 days for several of the outcomes, and over a week for asthma. Conclusions: The results of this study contribute to the evidence of an association of several correlated gaseous and particulate pollutants, including ozone, NO2, CO, PM, and organic carbon, with specific respiratory conditions.
Nefazodone Alters NPY Immunostaining in Rat Arcuate-paraventricular Projection without Changes in Food Intake and Body Weight

Abstract Nefazodone is an antidepressant drug that inhibits serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of nefazodone on food intake, body weight, adiposity and hypothalamic NPY immunostaining in rats. For this purpose, male Sprague-Dawley rats (3-month-old) were administered with nefazodone (20 mg/kg; i.p) daily for two weeks. The control group was given 0.9% NaCl solution. Hypothalamic arcuate, paraventricular, periventricular, supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei and the lateral hypothalamic area were immunostained for NPY. Chronic nefazodone administration in rats did not modify food intake, body weight and adipose depot size (subcutaneous, perirenal and epidydimal white adipose tissues, and interscapular brown adipose tissue). However, a significant decrease in paraventricular NPY immunostaining was found in the nefazodone group compared with the control group. No changes in other hypothalamic regions such as arcuate, periventricular, supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei, and lateral and medial preoptic areas were observed. Because nefazodone is an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, it can be proposed that the expected decrease in food intake after nefazodone administration, due to its effects on NPY arcuate-paraventricular projection, could be masked by the opposite orexigenic effect of α1-adrenoceptor blockade.
Rheological analysis of the formation of rosettes by red blood cells parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum

Red blood cells infected by mature malarial parasites of the species Plasmodium falciparum can adhere to non‐parasitized red cells (rosetting) and also to endothelial cells (cytoadhesion). To investigate how the circulation might influence rosetting, we studied formation of rosettes in cell suspensions sheared in a cone‐and‐plate viscometer, and the ability of flowing non‐parasitized cells to bind to parasitized cells already adherent to a surface. After rosettes of strain R29 had been disrupted with fucoidan, they reformed slowly under stationary conditions but more rapidly in suspensions sheared at low stress (about 0.1–0.2 Pa). Strain Malayan Camp gave a lower rosetting frequency which actually increased at low shear. Increasing shear stress was associated with reduction in rosette formation, although rosetting occurred at >1 Pa, suggesting that rosettes could form in the systemic circulation. Rosetting inhibited adhesion of flowing parasitized cells to immobilized platelets (which express the cytoadhesion receptor CD36), as evidenced by increased adhesion after disruption of rosettes. The de‐rosetted adherent cells parasitized by R29 supported only a low level of rosetting when non‐parasitized cells were flowed over them at a wall shear of 0.1 Pa, with little increase if the stress was decreased to 0.05 Pa. Rosettes formed in the circulation might obstruct microvessels and inhibit cytoadhesion if they reached venules. However, if cytoadhesion occurred before rosetting, then adherent cells should not efficiently form rosettes.
A Polyhedral-Based Approach Applied to Quadratic Cost Curves in the Unit Commitment Problem

This paper presents a new polyhedral approximation for the quadratic cost curve of thermal units for the unit commitment problem. The approximation is tight, can be represented by rational numbers, and its size grows logarithmically with respect to the required precision. In addition, the scalability is improved compared to the direct resolution of the quadratic problem involved, due to the linear mixed-integer formulation. On the other hand, the particular structure of the unit commitment problem guarantees that the solution of the mixed-integer linear formulation proposed is an ε-optimal of the original problem. This property allows the direct comparison of the proposed approximation with the original formulation. In most cases, analyzed results indicate that the proposed approach has the best performance compared to other formulations where the bounds of the quadratic cost function are known.
Afferent Pathway Contributes to Functional Knee Stability

Friemert B, Franke S, Golhofer A, Claes L, Faist M. Group I afferent pathway contributes to functional knee stability. J Neurophysiol 103: 616–622, 2010. First published December 2, 2009; doi:10.1152/jn.00172. 2009. The hamstring reflex response has been suggested to play a substantial role in knee joint stabilization during anterior tibial translation. The present study was performed to determine which afferent pathways contribute to the hamstring reflex as well as the potential effects of specific afferent pathways on functional knee stability. Shortand medium-latency hamstring reflexes (SLR and MLR) were evoked by anterior tibial translation in 35 healthy subjects during standing with 30° knee flexion. Nerve cooling, tizanidine, and ischemia were employed to differentiate afferent pathways. Two hours of thigh cooling (n 10) resulted in a significant increase in MLR latency and, to a lesser extent, SLR latency. No significant changes were recorded in reflex sizes or maximum tibial translation. The ingestion of tizanidine (n 10), a suppressor of group II afferents, strongly reduced the MLR size while SLR size or latency of both reflex responses was not significantly affected. Maximum tibial translation was unchanged [5.3 1.9 to 4.8 2 (SD) mm; P 0.410]. Ischemia in the thigh (n 15) led to a highly significant depression in SLR size (89 4%; P 0.001) but only a slight and not significant decline of MLR size. In these subjects maximum tibial translation increased significantly (6.9 1.6 to 9.4 3.2 mm; P 0.028). It is concluded that the hamstring SLR is mediated by Ia afferents, while group II afferents mainly contribute to the MLR. Suppression of SLR may increase maximum anterior tibial translation, thus indicating a possible functional role of Ia afferents in knee joint stabilization.
Discourse Mode Identification in Essays

Discourse modes play an important role in writing composition and evaluation. This paper presents a study on the manual and automatic identification of narration,exposition, description, argument and emotion expressing sentences in narrative essays. We annotate a corpus to study the characteristics of discourse modes and describe a neural sequence labeling model for identification. Evaluation results show that discourse modes can be identified automatically with an average F1-score of 0.7. We further demonstrate that discourse modes can be used as features that improve automatic essay scoring (AES). The impacts of discourse modes for AES are also discussed.
Fatty Acids Composition of Someselected Indian Fishes

A comparative study on the fatty acids content of four Indian fishescatla (Catlacatla), rohu (Labeorohita), magur (Clariusbatrachus) and pangas (Pangasianodonhypophthalmus) were carried out in the present study. The proximate analysis revealed that the protein content of catla, rohu, magur and pangaswas 10.11%, 9.53%, 14.87% and 13.6%(% of wet weight), respectively. The total lipid content was generally high, ranging from 1.2 % to 7.9 % and crude ash ranged from 1.25% to 2.7%. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were most abundant in catla(60.92%) while in rohu(52.28%),pangas (47.15%) and magur (39.85%) respectively. Magurwas rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)(25.56%) than pangas (23.37%), rohu (15.84%) and catla (12.5%). The omega 3 and 6 ratio ( 3/ 6) was ranging from 0.706 to 6.544 and catlashowed the highest ratio.The most abundant fatty acid in all fishes was C16:0, ranging from 32.2% to 38.23%. The other major fatty acids detected were C18:0, C18:1 and C18:3. This result clearly shows that the importance of fish nutrition in the human diet for combating the diseases like heart problems, cholesterol and many nervous related problems.