Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
P 1 . 4 THE IMPACT OF ASSIMILATING SATELLITE-DERIVED HUMIDITY ON MM 5 FORECASTS

Due to the sparse nature of conventional observations, data assimilation methods and data sources are still areas of considerable research and development. Mesoscale weather forecasts are heavily influenced by the amount of observations. Previous studies of an Alaska heavy rain event showed the benefits of both a Newtonian nudging scheme (NN; Tilley and Fan, 2001) and an intermittent data assimilation scheme using a Bratseth analysis technique (IDA; Fan and Tilley, 2001). However, some problems were revealed in the aforementioned studies, including terrain-associated wet biases and a lack of systematic domain-wide improvements in the forecasts. A primary contributing factor to the above problems may well be the sparse nature of available observational data. Available surface observations and upper air soundings are too sparse to give a good representation for mesoor micro-scale atmospheric structures, especially over areas of complex terrain. High resolution AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) infrared data from NOAA polarorbiting satellites has 4 km resolution, which can provide a wealth of information for application to mesoscale simulations and forecasts. In this study, the AVHRR infrared imaging data is utilized in an attempt to improve mesoscale cloud and precipitation representations.
Attentional demand estimation with attentive driving models

The task of driving can sometimes require the processing of large amounts of visual information; such situations can overload the perceptual systems of human drivers leading to ‘inattentional blindness’, where potentially critical visual information is over-looked. This phenomenon of ‘looking but failing to see’ is the third largest contributor to trafﬁc accidents in the UK. In this work we develop a method to identify these particularly demanding driving scenes using an end-to-end driving architecture, imbued with a spatial attention mechanism and trained to mimic ground-truth driving controls from video input. At test time, the network’s attention distribution is segmented to identify relevant items in the driving scene which are used to estimate the attentional demand on the driver according to an established model in cognitive neuroscience. Without collecting any ground-truth attentional demand data - instead using readily available odometry data in a novel way - our approach is shown to outperform several baselines on a new dataset of 1200 driving scenes labelled for attentional demand in driving.
Return of your e-proof to AMS via the task assigned to you in Editorial Manager signifies:

The Propagation of Intraseasonal Tropical Oscillations (PISTON) experiment conducted a field campaign in August–October 2018. The R/V Thomas G. Thompsonmade two cruises in the western North Pacific region north of Palau and east of the Philippines. Using select field observations and global observational and reanalysis datasets, this study describes the large-scale state and evolution of the atmosphere and ocean during these cruises. Intraseasonal variability was weak during the field program, except for a period of suppressed convection in October. Tropical cyclone activity, on the other hand, was strong. Variability at the ship location was characterized by periods of low-level easterly atmospheric flow with embedded westward propagating synoptic-scale atmospheric disturbances, punctuated by periods of strong low-level westerly winds that were both connected to the Asian monsoon westerlies and associated with tropical cyclones. In the most dramatic case, westerlies persisted for days during and after tropical cyclone Jebi had passed to the north of the ship. In these periods, the sea surface temperaturewas reduced by a couple of degrees by bothwindmixing and net surface heat fluxes that were strongly (;200Wm) out of the ocean, due to both large latent heat flux and cloud shading associated with widespread deep convection. Underway conductivity– temperature transects showed dramatic cooling and deepening of the ocean mixed layer and erosion of the barrier layer after the passage of Typhoon Mangkhut due to entrainment of cooler water from below. Strong zonal currents observed over at least the upper 400m were likely related to the generation and propagation of near-inertial currents. AU1
Antidepressant consumption in hungary and health-related quality of life assessment in patients with depression

VI. Gy Soós, R Viola, K Csukonyi. Polypharmacy is certainly inappropriate? 30th European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy, Antwerpen, 2001 Abstr. : P043 VII. R Viola, Gy Soós, K Csukonyi, K Kis, N Pál. Polypharmacy among psychiatric patients. 3rd Spring Conference on Clinical Pharmacy, Portoroz, 2002, Abstr. : 060 p 19-A VIII. Viola R, Csukonyi K, Soós Gy. Halmozott gyógyszerfogyasztás psychiatriai betegek körében. Magyar Kórházi Gyógyszerészek XI11. Kongresszusa, Szeged, 2002, Abstr. : P-lS.p 38-39 IX. R Viola, G Nagy, Gy Soós. The use of antidepressants in Hungary, 1993-2002. 2nd American College of Clinical Pharmacy European Society of Clinical Pharmacy Joint Meeting, Paris, 2004, Abstr. : PEP1-060, p 146 X. Viola R, Budai T, Csukonyi K, Hornung E, Kraszits I, Nagy G, Nyaka B, Soós Gy. Antidepresszánsok felhasználásának mennyiségi és minőségi jellemzői az elmúlt 5 évben. Magyar Kórházi Gyógyszerészek XIV. Kongresszusa, Debrecen, 2004, Abstr. : E-25, p 23
Healthy life styles and perceived health status in the general population of a Northern Italian health district: a cross-sectional study

Background : Evidence should drive public health initiatives to better address the most important health issues. Chronic diseases represent the main burden of healthcare expenditure in Western countries and are determined by risk factors related to behaviour. Population-based surveys should lead to well informed decision making in this field. Methods : A cross-sectional survey was carried out among the general population aged between 18 and 69 in the district of Monza-Brianza in Northern Italy through phone interviews. A validated questionnaire investigating health-related lifestyles and behaviours was used. The questionnaire was divided into the following parts: general health status, physical activity, smoking habit, nutrition, alcohol consumption, driving safety, cardiovascular risk, cancer screening, mental health, domestic safety and socio-economic status. Results : In total, 308 interviews were carried out (response rate=76%). Almost 40% reported a body mass index >25, 64.9% had high school or university degrees, 60.4% worked full-time, 26.2% were assessed as physically inactive, and 13.3% were on a weight –loss diet. In addition, 19.7% had an “at risk” alcohol consumption , especially among younger age groups. Symptoms of depression were identified in 4.9% of the study subjects, particularly in women. Conclusions : Age, body mass index, education, and occupation were significantly associated with the likelihood of reporting poor health status. Young subjects were more likely to be smokers and drinkers at risk. Psychological health and appropriate prescription of anti-cholesterol and anti-hypertensive drugs arei areas deserving further investigations. Nutrition, physical activity, driving safety and youth health, especially concerning drinking habits, are areas where initiatives should be undertaken.
Inositol ( 1 , 4 , 5 )-Trisphosphate Receptor Microarchitecture Shapes Ca 2 þ Puff Kinetics

Inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) release intracellular Ca 2þ as localized Ca2þ signals (Ca2þ puffs) that represent the activity of small numbers of clustered IP3Rs spaced throughout the endoplasmic reticulum. Although much emphasis has been placed on estimating the number of active Ca2þ release channels supporting Ca2þ puffs, less attention has been placed on understanding the role of cluster microarchitecture. This is important as recent data underscores the dynamic nature of IP3R transitions between heterogeneous cellular architectures and the differential behavior of IP3Rs socialized into clusters. Here, we applied a high-resolution model incorporating stochastically gating IP3Rs within a three-dimensional cytoplasmic space to demonstrate: 1), Ca2þ puffs are supported by a broad range of clustered IP3R microarchitectures; 2), cluster ultrastructure shapes Ca2þ puff characteristics; and 3), loosely corralled IP3R clusters (>200 nm interchannel separation) fail to coordinate Ca2þ puffs, owing to inefficient triggering and impaired coupling due to reduced Ca2þ-induced Ca2þ release microwave velocity (<10 nm/s) throughout the channel array. Dynamic microarchitectural considerations may therefore influence Ca2þ puff occurrence/properties in intact cells, contrasting with a more minimal role for channel number over the same simulated conditions in shaping local Ca2þ dynamics.
Intelligibility of filtered speech and its relation to electrophysiological markers of supra-threshold hearing deficits

The origins and perceptual consequences of supra-threshold hearing deficits are not well understood. Sensory and neural deficits are likely contributors, underlining the need for an objective measure which quantifies the neural contributors and complements audiometric measures of sensory loss. The envelope-following response (EFR) is sensitive to neural fiber loss in animal models and has been proposed as a marker. However, its diagnostic sensitivity in humans and relationship to speech intelligibility are still unclear. Here we argue that the relationship between electrophysiological measures of temporal coding ability and the performance in speech-in-noise tasks crucially depends on the underlying stimulus parameters. We discuss ways in which experimental protocols can be adjusted to improve the predictive relationship between electrophysiological measures of temporal coding fidelity and behavioral measures of speech intelligibility and test these predictions in a group of young normal-hearing, elderly normal-hearing and elderly hearing-impaired participants as groups reflecting different degrees of neural or sensory hearing deficits.
RILPL 2 regulates breast cancer proliferation , metastasis , and chemoresistance via the TUBB 3 / PTEN pathway

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women and is one of the leading causes of cancerassociated deaths. The analysis of data obtained from online databases revealed that RILPL2 expression in BC tissues is lower than that in normal tissues, and that RILPL2 upregulation is correlated with prolonged recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). However, the function of RILPL2 in tumor proliferation and metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that RILPL2 had lower expression in BC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues, and that RILPL2 expression was significantly negatively correlated with tumor size, histological grade, and lymph node metastasis. Univariate analysis showed a positive correlation between RILPL2 and estrogen receptor (ER) expression and a negative correlation between RILPL2 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression. Overexpression of RILPL2 inhibited BC cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the interaction of exogenous RILPL2 with TUBB3 resulted in the downregulation of BC cell proliferation and migration and upregulation of PTEN expression by promoting destabilization of TUBB3. Furthermore, RILPL2 could reverse BC cell resistance to taxotere-mediated apoptosis by regulating the TUBB3/PTEN/AKT pathway. In conclusion, these results suggest that RILPL2 could be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of BC.
Parenteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients With Short-term Relative Contraindications to Early Enteral Nutrition A Randomized Controlled Trial

PARENTERAL NUTRITION HAS BEEN in common use since the 1960s and is accepted as the standard of care for patients with chronic nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tracts. In critical illness, controversy surrounds the appropriate use of parenteral nutrition, but largescale trials have begun to answer important questions. Published in2011,EPaNIC(EarlyParenteral Nutrition Completing Enteral Nutrition in Adult Critically Ill Patients) enrolled 4640 critically ill patients to investigate the effects of using parenteral nutrition when enteral nutrition failed to reach a caloric target. EPaNIC did not find any benefits from using additional parenteral nutrition in patients who could receive enteral nutrition; however, many other important questions regarding parenteral nutrition remain. Author Affiliations: Northern Clinical School Intensive Care Research Unit (Dr Doig and Mss Simpson, Sweetman,andHeighes),TheGeorgeInstituteforGlobalHealth (Dr Finfer), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Drs Cooper and Davies);RoyalPrinceAlfredHospital,Sydney(DrO’Leary); Westmead Hospital, Sydney (Dr Solano); and Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia (Dr Peake). The Early PN Trial Contributing Sites and Site Investigators are listed at the end of this article. CorrespondingAuthor:GordonS.Doig,PhD,RoyalNorth ShoreHospital, IntensiveCareUnit,PacificHwy,StLeonards, NSW 2065, Australia (gdoig@med.usyd.edu.au). Caring for the Critically Ill Patient Section Editor: Derek C. Angus, MD, MPH, Contributing Editor, JAMA (angusdc@upmc.edu). Importance Systematic reviews suggest adult patients in intensive care units (ICUs) with relative contraindications to early enteral nutrition (EN) may benefit from parenteral nutrition (PN) provided within 24 hours of ICU admission.
Working Paper Series # CBIE-2019-002 Leading by example and endowment heterogeneity in local public good provision : A framed field experiment in Hyderabad , India

In India’s slums, toilets are commonly shared among households, which creates a collective action problem for the provision of toilet cleanliness and maintenance. We study the effect of heterogeneity and leading by example on cooperation in a framed field experiment with 120 slum dwellers from Hyderabad, India. Endowment heterogeneity has a negative effect on contributions. In contrast to previous studies, leading by example decreases average contributions. However, the effect of leadership is positive and large for participants with leadership experience in real life. We conclude that framed field experiments must acknowledge the mediating role of real-life experience and social identities.
Sequence-to-Sequence Generative Argumentative Dialogue Systems with Self-Attention

Natural language generation is an area of natural language processing with much room for improvement. Argument mining poses the problem of responding relevantly and argumentatively to input in addition to the challenge of generating coherent text. In this paper, we explore the possibility of creating a dialogue agent capable of holding argumentative discussion. The architecture we propose employs local self-attention to encode and decode individual responses and global attention to invoke information from past exchanges. We achieve 25% word accuracy rate on the Internet Argument Corpus v1, beating the Transformer and traditional RNNstyle sequence-to-sequence architectures. Additionally, our architecture can easily be generalized to other discussion-style scenarios, given appropriate data.
Betting Against Alpha

I sort stocks on realized alphas and find that they are negatively related with future returns, future alphas, and Sharpe Ratios. These patterns emerged with the development of the CAPM in the 1960s and became more salient as the related literature expanded, especially after 1992 with the increasing popularity of the CAPM anomalies in academia and of factor investing in the private sector. I provide intuition for this counter-intuitive finding by linking it to recent theoretical and empirical work and explore some trading strategies based on it. The results suggest that wide-spread applications of academic research can stem new anomalies.
Spatial and seasonal patterns of particulate matter less than 2 . 5 microns in the Sierra Nevada Mountains

This paper presents particulate matter data collected in the California southern Sierra Nevada Mountains (SNM) during 2002 to 2009 from the Central Valley (elevation 91 m) into the SNM (elevation 2 598 m). Annual average concentrations of particles smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) for all sites during this study ranged from 3.1 to 22.2 μg m. The highest elevation site experienced annual PM2.5 concentrations ranging from 3.1 to 4.6 μg m, while the lowest elevation site concentrations ranged from 18 to 22.2 μg m. PM2.5 generated from natural source emissions (background particulate matter) in the southern SNM was estimated to be 4.7±1.3 μg m. Higher elevation sites in the southern SNM exhibit a pattern of high PM2.5 in the summer as compared to the winter. For regulatory purposes, air quality throughout the southern Sierra Nevada is assumed to be similar to the Central Valley, which is currently in nonattainment. However, we determined that locations used in this study of elevations above 500 m in the southern SNM are actually in compliance with federal standards for PM2.5. Elevation and day of year appear to account for most of the variation in PM2.5 concentrations. Fires occurring during this study were typical of the size and intensity historically documented in this area of the SNM. We determined that while these fires impact air quality they do not appear to be a major driver in exceeding the United States Federal PM2.5 standard in the southern SNM.
Rapid Computation of Optimally Safe Tension Distributions for Cable-Driven Robots

In this paper, we present a novel LP formulation that yields “Optimally Safe” tension distributions by means of the introduction of a slack variable. The slack variable also enables explicit computation of a near-optimal, feasible starting point. This, in turn, enables rapid computation of the “Optimally Safe” tension distributions. The formulation also contains a parameter that can be used to steer cable tensions toward desire d regions of operation. We present static results from two simulated robotic systems that demonstrate the ability of our formulation to avoid tension limits. Simulated execution of highly dynamic trajectories on both systems demonstrates rapid computation abilities. Furthermore, we present experimental results from a real robotic system which further validate the importance of safe tension distributions.
Diffusion of F and Cl in dry rhyodacitic melt

Abstract Chemical diffusion of F and Cl has been experimentally determined in a rhyodacitic melt obtained from remelting a sample of Hekla pumice (Iceland). Diffusion couple experiments were conducted in a vertical tube furnace over a temperature range of 750–950 °C and in air for durations of 1 to 35 days. Concentration profiles of F and Cl were obtained for the quenched samples using an electron microprobe. Fluorine and chlorine exhibit Arrhenian behavior over the range of temperature investigated here. The pre-exponential factors of F and Cl are D0(F) = 4.3 × 10-4 and D0(Cl) = 1.6 × 10-5 m2/s. Fluorine diffusion coefficients vary in the order of 1 × 10-15 to 1 × 10-13 m2/s, whereas Cl diffusivity is up to two orders of magnitude slower. The activation energies for F and Cl diffusivities are equal within error at 223 ± 31 and 229 ± 52 kJ/mol, respectively. The difference in diffusivity between F and Cl is particularly pronounced in the melt of our study, compared to results obtained for other magmatic melt compositions. This means that the potential for diffusive fractionation exists and may occur especially under conditions of magma ascent and bubble growth, as this would favor partitioning of the relatively fast-diffusing halogens into growing bubbles, due to H2O exsolution. A dependence of diffusivity on atomic radius observed here is enhanced over that observed in more basic, less viscous melts, indicating that diffusive fractionation is more likely to be pronounced in more silicic, more viscous systems. A proper parameterization and modeling of diffusive fractionation of halogens in actively degassing volcanic systems thus holds the potential of serving as a tool for quantifying the processes responsible for volcanic unrest.
QANet-XL: Applying Transformer-XL to QANet

Question Answering has become a classic NLP task, especially over the past few years with the rise of transformers and pre-trained contextual embeddings. On the SQuAD 1.1 dataset, the QANet [10] architecture performed extremely well and produced the majority of the top scores by incorporating aspects of transformers [9]. However, PCE models have overwhelmingly dominated the SQuAD 2.0 leaderboard. My goal in this project is to try to apply new ideas about non-ﬁxed-length context from Transformer-XL [3] to the QANet model in order to improve upon scores. Despite running into some problems in implementing models, I did end up seeing an improvement in performance
Accent Detection Within the Amateur Singing Voice

In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of detecting innate speech characteristics, namely characteristics of accent, still present during solo singing by using singer-provided country and language as a proxy. We investigate variants of convolutional neural networks to classify the associated country and language of both native and non-native English speakers during their karaoke-style singing performance of English standard "Amazing Grace. " The most successful architecture provides an 7.83% improvement in overall accuracy compared our baseline statistical model, demonstrating the networks’ ability to detect subtle accent-based speech characteristics. We see an overwhelming prediction of variants of English accent, suggesting style-influenced modification of pronunciation and intonation when singing a well-known English song.
PHYSICAL FACTORS THAT LIMIT THE DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF DREI SSENA POLYMORPHA ( PALL . )

Dreissena polymorpha, the zebra mussel, originated in the Caspian and Black Sea basin, and has invaded waterbodies of the Former Soviet Union (FSU), eastern, and western Europe during the last 200 years. Since 1771 more than 2,000 papers on the distribution, taxonomy, biology, ecology, and control of species and subspecies of Dreissena were published in Russia and FSU, however, this work has not been generally available. We review work conducted in the FSU over the last 100 years on the tolerance of D. polymorpha to different abiotic conditions in waterbodies of various types in order to provide non-Russian-speaking scientists access to this rich body of literature. D. polymorpha is one of the few bivalve molluscs well adapted to live from entirely fresh water to brackish waters. Different subspecies appear to have different salinity tolerances, ranging from completely fresh water to 18.5%0. Zebra mussels require at least 25Va oxygen saturation, although they can survive several days in anaerobic conditions. The quagga mussel, D. bugensis, however, is much more tolerant of low oxygen conditions. The upper temperature limit for zebra mussels is around 32-34"C. Zebra mussels are most abundant on hard surfaces, particularly rocky surfaces, and on macrophytes. Water motion, aerial exposure, freezing, and the other physical factors including temperature, salinity, and oxygen affect the distribution of zebra mussels among and within waterbodies. Many of these factors are expected to covary, or differ predictably among waterbodies, driving distribution and abundance patterns as well as pattems of invasibility that we see both within and among waterbodies.