Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences in Health Determinants Between International and Domestic Students at a German University

The authors used a standardized questionnaire to survey 201 international and 193 German students at the University of Bielefeld, Germany, to determine differences in health practices between the 2 groups and to identity targets for health-promoting interventions. Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that long-term female international students (those whose duration of residency in Germany was more than 2 years) had lower levels of physical activity and alcohol consumption than their German counterparts and higher rates of smoking independently associated with international citizenship. Short-term international female students were less likely than German students to receive social support. Among men, long-term international student status was associated with daily smoking and inconsistent seat belt use, whereas short-term student status was associated with a lower rate of seat belt use, a higher level of perceived stress, and a healthier diet, compared with domestic students. Findings from the study could give rise to health-promotion activities for international students at German universities; additional studies at other European universities are necessary before making further recommendations.
Evaluation Strategies in Financial Education: Evaluation with Imperfect Instruments

Program evaluation often suffers due to time constraints, imperfect instruments, incomplete data, and the need to report standardized metrics. This article about the evaluation process for the Wi$eUp financial education program showcases the difficulties inherent in evaluation and suggests best practices for assessing program effectiveness. We analyzed the stated behaviors of 125 Wi$eUp survey respondents, finding that debt education produced a greater change in behavior than savings education did but that survey questions related to savings did not reflect the material in the associated module, potentially lowering scores. Longer evaluation periods and better matching of evaluation questions to the content delivered may improve the evaluation process.
IEMI Threats for Information Security: Remote Command Injection on Modern Smartphones

Numerous papers dealing with the analysis of electromagnetic attacks against critical electronic devices have been made publicly available. In this paper, we exploit the principle of front-door coupling on smartphones headphone cables with specific electromagnetic waveforms. We present a smart use of intentional electromagnetic interference, resulting in finer impacts on an information system than a classical denial of service effect. As an outcome, we introduce a new silent remote voice command injection technique on modern smartphones.
Multisubtrate mechanism for the inward transport of dopamine by the human dopamine transporter expressed in HEK cells and its inhibition by cocaine

Rotating disk electrode voltammetry was used to measure the time‐resolved inward transport of dopamine into human embryonic kidney cells expressing the human transporter for dopamine and a kinetic mechanism of transport is hypothesized. Dopamine transport in this preparation was highly concentrative, with a 106–107 inward bias, first order in dopamine and the Km and Vmax were found to be 1.6 μM and 18 pmol/sec × 106 cells), respectively. The hDAT turnover was estimated to be ∼18 s−1 and the second order rate constant of association of dopamine with hDAT was ∼107 M−1s−1. Dopamine transport was found to have a second order dependence on Na+ (KNa ∼100 mM) and a first order dependence on Cl‐ (KCl ∼12 mM). Multisubstrate analyses suggested that hDAT operates with an ordered kinetic mechanism in which Na+ binds first to the transporter protein, dopamine second, and Cl‐ last before translocation of dopamine into or across the membrane. Cocaine competitively inhibited dopamine transport (reaction order of unity and Ki ∼0.34 μM) with no discernible effect at the Na+ and Cl‐ binding sites. These results differ from those of previous studies conducted in preparations of the striatum and nucleus accumbens. Comparisons of the variant results are made and an analysis of the differing apparent kinetic mechanisms is presented. Synapse 33:230–238, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymmetric Modelling of the Adjustment Speed of Cash Holdings

This study examines the adjustment speed of cash holdings. Our sample comprises all nonfinancial firms listed on the NYSE, over a period from 1962 to 2014. We employ a multi-faceted empirical strategy including: (1) a dummy variable approach; (2) a cubic model; (3) a threshold regression model. Our core findings show that there exists an optimal range of cash holdings where firms optimally allow it to deviate from the theoretical cash target. Moreover, we provide evidence that speedy cash adjustment will occur if firms go outside the optimal cash range. We also confirm that cash adjustment is not only partial but also asymmetric, in the sense that cash-rich firms make speedier cash adjustment than cash-poor firms.
The Impact of Tax Compliance Costs On Tax Compliance Behaviour

This paper is based on a study that determined whether or not an increase in income tax compliance costs leads to a decrease in income tax compliance. The tax context experiment involved 75 small and medium entrepreneurs based in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania’s business hub. The participants were first randomly assigned to one of the three experiment treatments. In the first treatment, the tax compliance cost was TAZ 50,000; in the second, it was TAZ 100,000; and in the third, it was TAZ 166,667. Each participant in each treatment received income of TAZ 1,000,000. TAZ is a laboratory currency which, at the end of the experiment, was exchanged at the rate of TAZ 120 for 1 actual Tanzania shilling (Tsh). Generally, the results indicated that tax non-compliance significantly increased as tax compliance costs increased. Although the study used small samples of SME taxpayers, therefore the results may not be generalisable, the results imply that tax compliance costs may be responsible for the unsatisfactory tax compliance levels of SME taxpayers. Therefore, there is a need for tax system simplification.
EFFECTS OF SEVERAL INHALATION ANAESTHETICS ON THE KINETICS OF POSTSYNAPTIC CONDUCTANCE CHANGES IN MOUSE DIAPHRAGM

1 Miniature endplate currents were recorded with extracellular electrodes in mouse diaphragms in order to measure the kinetics of the conductance change produced by acetylcholine. Miniature endplate potentials (m.e.p.ps) were recorded intracellularly in the same fibres in which the currents were being recorded. 2 The general anaesthetics, ether, halothane, chloroform and enflurane at low (anaesthetic) concentrations increased the rate of decay of miniature endplate currents (m.e.p.cs) and reduced the amplitude of m.e. p.ps in this way. 3 At high concentrations the anaesthetics caused a reduction in the amplitude of both m.e. p.cs and m.e. p.ps, and a decrease in the rate of decay of the currents. With halothane and enflurane the decay of some currents became biphasic, with a prolonged tail. 4 It was proposed that the increased rate of decay of the conductance caused by the four agents at anaesthetic concentrations is due to an increase in the fluidity of the subsynaptic membrane. Prolongation of the currents at higher concentrations may be caused by an increase in membrane dielectric constant. 5 The effectiveness of the four anaesthetics in producing a 30% decrease in the time constant of decay of m.e. p.cs was shown to be related to their oil/water partition coefficients and followed closely the relationship between anaesthetic potency and oil/water partition coefficient. It is suggested therefore that the four anaesthetics may produce anaesthesia by changing the kinetics of postsynaptic conductance changes at synapses, perhaps by increasing membrane fluidity.
Tree age, disturbance history, and carbon stocks and fluxes in subalpine Rocky Mountain forests

Forest carbon stocks and fluxes vary with forest age, and relationships with forest age are often used to estimate fluxes for regional or national carbon inventories. Two methods are commonly used to estimate forest age: observed tree age or time since a known disturbance. To clarify the relationships between tree age, time since disturbance and forest carbon storage and cycling, we examined stands of known disturbance history in three landscapes of the southern Rocky Mountains. Our objectives were to assess the similarity between carbon stocks and fluxes for these three landscapes that differed in climate and disturbance history, characterize the relationship between observed tree age and time since disturbance and quantify the predictive capability of tree age or time since disturbance on carbon stocks and fluxes. Carbon pools and fluxes were remarkably similar across the three landscapes, despite differences in elevation, climate, species composition, disturbance history, and forest age. Observed tree age was a poor predictor of time since disturbance. Maximum tree age overestimated time since disturbance for young forests and underestimated it for older forests. Carbon pools and fluxes were related to both tree age and disturbance history, but the relationships differed between these two predictors and were generally less variable for pools than for fluxes. Using tree age in a relationship developed with time since disturbance or vice versa increases errors in estimates of carbon stocks or fluxes. Little change in most carbon stocks and fluxes occurs after the first 100 years following stand‐replacing disturbance, simplifying landscape scale estimates. We conclude that subalpine forests in the Central Rocky Mountains can be treated as a single forest type for the purpose of assessment and modeling of carbon, and that the critical period for change in carbon is < 100 years.
Effect of Nutrients on Growth Rate and Carbohydrate Storage in Oxytropis sericea: A Test of the Carbon Accumulation Hypothesis

The pool of storage carbohydrates in plants may be formed in competition with allocation to growth (“true reserves”) or, where growth is inhibited by external factors, with no cost to growth (“accumulated reserves”). The latter hypothesis was addressed using Oxytropis sericea, a perennial herb from the Rocky Mountains. To generate variation in growth rate, greenhouse‐cultivated plants were assigned to low or high nutrient levels in 2 yr. Age of plants was also varied either by conducting consecutive harvests (1996) or using plants of different initial age (1997). In both years, plants from the high‐nutrient group attained larger vegetative biomass than plants in the low‐nutrient group and also displayed an overall lower carbon allocation to storage, consistent with the accumulation hypothesis.
Improving supply chain flexibility and agility through variety management

Purpose A trade-off exists between product variety and supply chain (SC) performance. To help mitigate the impact on SC of increased product variety, the purpose of this paper is to examine how variety management activities including variety management strategy (VMS), supplier partnerships and close customer relationships affect SC flexibility and agility at different levels of customisation. Design/methodology/approach A survey-research methodology is employed using data from 363 manufacturing firms from the UK and South Korea. In particular, cluster analysis and structural equation modelling were used to evaluate the proposed model according to the level of customisation. Findings The results suggest that internal variety management strategy and external SC integration have a positive influence on SC flexibility and agility. Customer relationships and variety management strategies influence SC flexibility more than partnerships with suppliers whereas variety management strategies and partnerships with suppliers influence SC agility more than customer relationships. In fact, for external integration in particular, customer relationships influence SC flexibility (i.e. reaction capability) rather than agility (i.e. reaction time) whereas partnerships with suppliers influence SC agility rather than flexibility. In a high-customisation context, close customer relationships are the most effective way to increase SC flexibility, whereas partnerships with suppliers are the most effective way to increase SC agility. In a low-customisation context, a VMS and customer relationships are the most effective way to increase both SC flexibility and agility. Originality/value This paper suggests key variety management activities to aid managers to better manage product variety ambitions in SC under varying customisation profiles through internal and external approaches.
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: Differentiation of Malignant and Benign Tumors by Endoscopic Ultrasound Findings of Mural Nodules

Background and Aim:Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) have a wide pathologic spectrum and it is difficult to differentiate malignant from benign tumors. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of malignancy using contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound (CE-EUS). Subjects and Methods:In our institute, main duct type and mixed type IPMNs, branch duct type IPMNs with mural nodules, and IPMNs with coexistent invasive ductal cancer were indications for surgery. Eighty-seven IPMNs (14 main duct, 25 mixed, and 48 branch duct type) were resected and CE-EUS findings were compared with pathologic findings. Twelve clinicopathological variables and CE-EUS morphologic findings were assessed. Mural nodules defined as blood flow supplied protrusions were classified into 4 types: type I: low papillary nodule, type II: polypoid nodule, type III: papillary nodule, and type IV: invasive nodule. Results:Forty-two, 26, 16, and 3 were pathologically diagnosed as adenoma, noninvasive carcinoma, invasive IPMNs, and coexistent invasive ductal cancer, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that types III/IV mural nodule (odds ratio = 10.8; 95% confidential intervals = 2.75–56.1) and symptomatic IPMNs (odds ratio = 4.31; 95% confidential intervals = 1.37–14.7) were significant for malignancy. For mural nodule diameter, invasive IPMNs were significantly larger, but types III and IV mural nodules were more frequently associated with malignancy, particularly invasive cancer, at 88.9% and 91.7%, respectively. The diagnosis of IPMNs with types III or IV mural nodule as malignant resulted in a sensitivity of 60%, specificity of 92.9%, and accuracy of 75.9%. Conclusions:In conclusion, new morphologic criteria were useful to identify the malignant potentials of IPMNs.
Soft Information In Concatenated Codes

A new soft decision criterion is derived. This is useful in communication systems where the combination of modulation, interleaving, and error correction is used. The new algorithm is attractive to implement since traceback techniques can be used and only a little extra memory is required to obtain the soft information associated with every symbol. Furthermore, the operations involved are not recursive and the execution is time independent of the received signal quality. The performance of the new algorithm is typically within 0.25-0.1 dB (bit error rate (BER)=10/sup -1/) of that of a significantly more complex algorithm reported previously.
Strategies to Retain Revenue Management Analysts in the U.S. Airline Industry

Strategies to Retain Revenue Management Analysts in the U.S. Airline Industry by Curtis Williams MBA, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 1995 BS, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1993 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration
Enhancing the parasocial interaction relationship between consumers through similarity effects in the context of social commerce

Abstract With the combination of social media and e-commerce, consumers usually gather all kind of available information for making their final purchase decisions online. From the perspective of interpersonal interaction, we proposed similarity (including external similarity and internal similarity) is an important peripheral informational processing route for consumers to make decisions. Built on the theories of similarity extrapolation, trust transfer and parasocial interaction (PSI), we examined whether similarity could enhance PSI relationship between consumers and the intention to do the social shopping and social sharing. The findings of PLS analysis in this study demonstrated that both external similarity and internal similarity significantly affected consumers’ PSI relationship forming and trust transfer, which in turn exerted profound impacts on consumers’ social commerce behaviors.
Food Loss—Questions About the Amount and Causes Still Remain

Food loss and its food waste subcomponent are increasingly in the spotlight both in the United States and around the world. This attention reflects concern about the resources wasted in the production and disposal of uneaten food, the negative side effects associated with food loss (such as pollution created during food production), and the growing pressures on the global food supply. PRINT PDF EMAIL
The impact of organisational factors on knowledge sharing performance

7 List of figures . 14 List of tables . 16 List of abbreviations . 19 Chapter one: Introduction . 21 1.1 Research context . 21 1.2 Research aim and objectives . 22 1.3 Research justification . 23 1.4 Key contributions . 24 1.5 Structure of the thesis . 27 1.6 Summary . 28 Chapter two: Literature review . 30
How Customers Are Willing to Pay Price Premium on the Bases of Brand Image for Food Brands ? : An Epical Study

Purpose: Basic purpose of conducting this research is to get to know about the willingness or unwillingness of customers to pay premium price for packaged food brands and helping out the companies to use more convincing marketing tools to charge premium price. Methodology: This article is based on quantitative survey of packaged food brands people are using and quite familiar with and its influence on loyalty as well as customers’ willingness to pay a price premium for packaged food brand. Findings: The survey shows that quality is a significant determinant of price premium, but there is another determinant “origin” that also plays an important role to allow the packaged brand companies to charge premium price. Practical implications: The results help brand managers to recognize the importance of incorporating price premium and to develop a better understanding of what drives price premium in addition to more traditional dimensions as quality and loyalty.
Instability of CAG-trinucleotide Repeats in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Anticipation--earlier onset and more severe disease in the offspring generation--is a well documented feature of familial chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). In a number of Mendelian diseases, anticipation is caused by expansion of contiguous triplets of nucleotides. The severity of disease expression and penetrance is related to the extent of the triplet expansion. To investigate whether repeat nucleotide repeat expansion is a feature of CLL, the repeat expansion detection (RED) technique was applied to samples from 17 patients with familial disease and 32 patients with early-onset CLL disease. No potentially pathological CAG expansions were detected. We conclude that unstable CAG repeat expansion is not a feature of CLL and that other processes are likely to be involved in generating anticipation in familial forms of the disease.
Salience in Retailing: Vertical Restraints on Internet Sales

We provide an explanation for a frequently observed vertical restraint in e-commerce, namely that brand manufacturers partially or completely prohibit that retailers distribute their high-quality products over the internet. Our analysis is based on the assumption that a consumer's purchasing decision is distorted by salient thinking, i.e. by the fact that he overvalues a product attribute -- quality or price -- that stands out in a particular choice situation. In a highly competitive low-price environment like on an online platform, consumers focus more on price rather than quality. Especially if the market power of local (physical) retailers is low, price tends to be salient also in the local store, which is unfavorable for the high-quality product and limits the wholesale price a brand manufacturer can charge. If, however, the branded product is not available online, a retailer can charge a significant markup on the high-quality good. As the markup is higher if quality rather than price is salient in the store, this aligns the retailer's incentives with the brand manufacturer's interest to make quality the salient attribute and allows the manufacturer to charge a higher wholesale price. We also show that, the weaker are consumers' preferences for purchasing in the physical store and the stronger their salience bias, the more likely it is that a brand manufacturer wants to restrict online sales. Moreover, we find that a ban on distribution systems that prohibit internet sales increases consumer welfare and total welfare, because it leads to lower prices for final consumers and prevents inefficient online sales.
Re-examination of the hydrogarnet structure at high pressure using neutron powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy

Abstract Time-of-flight neutron powder data and synchrotron infrared absorption spectra were collected for katoite hydrogarnet [Ca3Al2(O4D4)3] at pressures to 9.4 and 9.8 GPa, respectively. The phase transition from space group Ia3d to I4̄3d was observed in the neutron spectrum at ~7.5 GPa, as indicated by the presence of two weak reflections (730 and 530) that violate the hkl conditions (hk0, h ≠ 2n) imposed by the a-glide operation. However, attempts to refine the high-pressure structure in space group I4̄3d did not significantly improve the fit and produced a chemically unreasonable O-D bond length at the second D position. Structure refinements in Ia3d indicate that (1) the O-D bond length, corrected for the effects of thermal motion, remains essentially constant (~0.95 Å) with increasing pressure; (2) hydrogen bond lengths shorten with increasing pressure; however, the variation in O-D···O angles indicates a preferential strengthening of H bonds; and (3) the compression mechanism is characterized by bond shortening rather than bond bending. The new results are in excellent agreement with both high-pressure X-ray diffraction experiments and ab initio calculations, and illustrate the need to eliminate peak broadening in high-pressure neutron powder experiments. IR spectra collected for the same sample showed discontinuities in both O-H and O-D vibrational frequencies at ~5 GPa, suggesting that deuteration does not significantly affect the pressure of the transition. The higher pressure observed for the transition in the neutron data is probably due to lower signal-to-noise levels, which mask the weaker, symmetry-forbidden reflections at lower pressure.
INFLUENCE MAXIMIZATION IN SOCIAL NETWORKS

The live of unfold of information is unrelentingly expanded in online social organizations, as an example, Facebook and Twitter. To utilize online social organizations as a promoting stage, there are many examinations on the simplest way to utilize the proliferation of impact for viral advertising. one amongst the exploration problems is influence maximization (IMAX), that plans to get k seed clients to amplify the unfold of impact among clients in social organizations. during this project our contribution is to indicate the ad of products in step with the age of user consequently. it's over up being a NP-hard issue by Kempe et al. Since they planned an avaricious calculation for the difficulty, various analysts have planned totally different heuristic routines.