Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tahap Pengetahuan dan sikap guru-guru pendidikan ugama islam terhadap amalan penerapan kemahiran berfikir secara kritis dan kreatif di negara Brunei Darussalam.

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau tahap pengetahuan dan sikap guru-guru Pendidikan Ugama Islam terhadap amalan penerapan kemahiran berfikir secara kritis dan kreatif di Negara Brunei Darussalam. Kajian ini Juga bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti amalan penerapan kemahiran berfikir yang dipraktikkan oleh guru-guru dalam pengajaran. Di samping itu, kajian juga bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti perbezaan tahap pengetahuan dan sikap guru-guru pendidikan Ugama Islam terhadap amalan penerapan kemahiran berfikir secara kritis dan kreatif berdasarkan faktor jantina dan status perkhidmatan guru. Selain itu, kajian juga mengkaji perkaitan antara pengetahuan dan sikap guru terhadap amalan penerapan kemahiran berfikir secara kritis dan kreatif. Kajian menggunakan soal selidik sebagai instrumen utama. Seramai 145 orang guru terlibat sebagai responden dalam kajian ini yang terdiri daripada guru-guru Pendidikan Ugama Islam yang mengajar di peringkat sekolah menengah di Daerah Brunei Muara, Negara Brunei Darussalam. Secara keseluruhannya, tahap pengetahuan guru-guru Pendidikan Ugama Islam terhadap amalan penerapan kemahiran berfikir secara kritis dan kreatif adalah tinggi. Manakala sikap guru pula secara keseluruhannya adalah positif terhadap amalan penerapan kemahiran berfikir secara kritis dan kreatif. Kajian juga mendapati bahawa guru-guru kerap mempraktikkan aktiviti pengajaran ke arah menggalakkan pelajar mendengar dan mempertimbangkan idea rakan, aktiviti yang menggalakkan pelajar bekerjasama melalui projek serta aktiviti yang memberi peluang kepada pelajar untuk menyumbangkan idea. Hasil ujian-t menunjukkan tiada perbezaan yang signifikan tahap pengetahuan dan sikap di antara guru-guru Pendidikan Ugama Islam lelaki dengan perempuan. Bagaimanapun, terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan tahap pengetahuan di antara guru-guru Pendidikan Ugama Islam yang bertugas di bawah kawalan Kementerian Pendidikan dengan Kementerian Hal Ehwal Ugama (t=-2.978, p 0.05). Analisis korelasi memperlihatkan wujudnya perkaitan yang lemah secara positif (r=.463,p<0.05) antara pengetahuan dengan sikap. Hasil kajian ini dapat memberikan maklumat awal mengenai tahap pengetahuan dan sikap guru-guru Pendidikan Ugama Islam secara keseluruhan terhadap amalan penerapan kemahiran berfikir secara kritis dan kreatif di Negara Brunei Darussalam. Maklumat ini dapat membantu pihak-pihak yang berkaitan dengan perkembangan profesionalisme guru di kedua-dua buah kementerian yang terlibat dalam kajian ini untuk menyediakan pelbagai rancangan bagi menambahpengetahuan dan kemahiran guru-guru untuk melaksanakan kemahiran berfikir secara kritis dan kreatif dalam pengajaran khususnya bagi memenuhi keperluan Sistem Pendidikan Negara Abad Ke-21 (SPN21)
Dose of propofol required to insert the laryngeal mask airway in children

We have assessed the ease of insertion of the Brain Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) after induction of anaesthesia with propofol in 60 healthy unpremedicated children aged between four and nine years. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups: group A = propofol 2.5 mg·kg−1; group B = propofol 3 mg·kg−1 and group C = propofol 3.5 mg·kg−1. Propofol was mixed with lignocaine 0.5 mg·kg−1. Insertion conditions were assessed subjectively as good, acceptable, unacceptable or impossible. Insertion of the LMA was possible in all patients. Good and acceptable conditions were obtained in 35%, 70% and 95% in groups A, B, and C respectively (P < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant inter group variation in systolic and diastolic arterial pressure or in heart rate for five min after induction. All measured cardiovascular changes were considered to be clinically insignificant in healthy children. We conclude it is safe and effective to insert a LMA immediately after induction of anaesthesia with propofol 3.5 mg·kg−1.
In vivo potential of recombinant granulysin against human tumors

9 kDa granulysin is a protein present in the granules of human CTL and NK cells, with cytolytic activity against microbes and tumors. Previous work from our group demonstrated that this granulysin isoform induced apoptosis in vitro on hematological tumor cells and on primary tumor cells from B-CLL patients. In the present work, recombinant 9 kDa granulysin was used as an anti-tumoral agent to study its in vivo effect on tumor development in athymic “nude” mice models bearing human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 or multiple myeloma NCI-H929–derived xenografts. Granulysin prevented the in vivo development of detectable MDA-MB-231-derived tumors. In addition, recombinant granulysin was able to completely eradicate NCI-H929-derived tumors. All granulysin-treated tumors exhibited signs of apoptosis induction and an increased NK cell infiltration inside the tumor tissue comparing to control ones. Moreover, no in vivo deleterious effects of the recombinant 9 kDa granulysin doses used in this study were observed on the skin or on the internal organs of the animals. In conclusion, granulysin was able to inhibit the progression of MDA-MB-231-derived xenografts and also to eradicate multiple myeloma NCI-H929-derived xenografts. This work opens the door to the initiation of preclinical and possibly clinical studies for the use of 9 kDa granulysin as a new anti-tumoral treatment.
Emphysematous lesions in the right cranial lung lobe and torsion of the right medial lung lobe in a British shorthair cat: a case report.

A three-year-old male British shorthair cat that had exhibited progressive lethargy and intermittent dyspnoea for 14 days was referred for evaluation of acute respiratory deterioration. Clinical findings included rapid and shallow breathing, pale mucous membranes, sound suppression on the right side, and a subcutaneous haematoma in the right epigastric area. Serum biochemistry analysis showed leukocytosis and thrombocytosis. Radiographs revealed hydropneumothorax, a broken eighth right rib, atelectatic right cranial lung lobe (RCrL), and consolidation of the right middle lobe (RML). Doppler examination revealed sonographic changes in the echotexture of both lobes and venous flow was absent in the twisted RML. Furthermore, bronchoscopy showed proximal narrowing of the cat’s RML bronchus. Exploratory surgery via medial sternotomy confirmed torsion of the RML and identified deteriorated gas-containing lesions in the collapsed RCrL. Both lung lobes were removed by standard lobectomy, and postoperative recovery was without major complications. Histopathological examination diagnosed multiple bullae and blebs, with significant subpleural haemorrhages in the atelectatic RCrL, whereas tissue congestion with haemorrhages, necrosis, and thrombosis typical for lung lobe torsion were observed in the RML. No other underlying aetiology was apparent. Two months post-operatively, the cat presented with similar acute onset of dyspnoea and spontaneous pneumothorax and was euthanised at the owner’s request. The autopsy revealed identical new emphysematous changes in the contra-lateral lung lobes that had been absent at the time of surgery. Emphysematous lesions, regardless of their origin, should be considered in the etiopathology of lung lobe torsion.
A report from New Zealand: an "unfortunate experiment.

The author discusses the ethical issues raised by an experiment conducted by Dr. Herbert Green at National Women's Hospital in Auckland, New Zealand, without the patients' knowledge or consent, over a period of 15-20 years. The study entailed not fully treating some women who had continuing abnormal cervical smear results in order to establish the hypothesis of nonprogression. The obvious violation of the requirement of valid consent is examined in relation to the Hippocratic tradition of paternalism; to clinical freedom; and to the legislative solution proposed by an official inquiry including a statement of patients' rights, appointing a Health Commissioner to heighten professionals' understanding of these rights and to mediate grievances, and circumscribing peer review by a patient advocate.
Mutations in the MYB intron I regulatory sequence increase transcription in colon cancers

Although MYB overexpression in colorectal cancer (CRC) is known to be a prognostic indicator for poor survival, the basis for this overexpression is unclear. Among multiple levels of MYB regulation, the most dynamic is the control of transcriptional elongation by sequences within intron 1. The authors have proposed that this regulatory sequence is transcribed into an RNA stem‐loop and 19‐residue polyuridine tract, and is subject to mutation in CRC. When this region was examined in colorectal and breast carcinoma cell lines and tissues, the authors found frequent mutations only in CRC. It was determined that these mutations allowed increased transcription compared with the wild type sequence. These data suggest that this MYB regulatory region within intron 1 is subject to mutations in CRC but not breast cancer, perhaps consistent with the mutagenic insult that occurs within the colon and not mammary tissue. In CRC, these mutations may contribute to MYB overexpression, highlighting the importance of noncoding sequences in the regulation of key cancer genes. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lower Bound on Averages of the Product of L Gaussian Q-Functions over Nakagami-m Fading

This paper is concerned with performance analysis (in terms of bounds and approximations to the average symbol error probability (ASEP)) of a product and power of Gaussian Q-functions over Nakagami-m fading. The results are valid for arbitrary product/power order. This is done by first deriving a family of new, simple lower bounds on the Gaussian Q-function, which is obtained as a sum of products of an exponential function and cx where c is a constant. These lower bounds can be made arbitrarily tight as the number of summation terms increases, and thus, can be used to approximate the Gaussian Q-function accurately. Their applications to the evaluation of the ASEP are then presented. Some advantages of the results derived here over those given in the literature are briefly discussed.
Bioavailability of three formulations of intravenous diazepam

It has been generally assumed that the bioavailability of different formulations of intravenous diazepam is identical. In a within‐subject crossover study using eight healthy volunteers, we have found that both thr initial and the overall plasma diazepam levels are significantly lower after both emulsion (Diazemuls®) and micelle preparations than after an organic formulation (Valium®). These findings are relevant to the interpretation of the results of past, present and future clinical studies involving intravenous diazepam. The studies with Valium and Diazemuls confirm the clinical impression of the lesser potency of the latter formulation.
Borok mint alternatív befektetési lehetőségek

A minősegi borokba tortenő befektetes mint valos befektetesi alternativa az utobbi evtizedekben viragkorat eli, mara a borok tobb indexet is jegyzik a Bloomberg es mas adatszolgaltatok platformjain. A Liv-ex (London International Vintners Exchange) a globalis minőseg borpiacot 2009-ben harommilliard dollarra becsulte. Irasunkban a minősegi borarakat vizsgaljuk a Liv-ex 50 es Liv-ex 500 index segitsegevel penzugyi kozgazdasagtani, befekteteselmeleti szempontbol. Mereseink alapjan a borarak gyenge szintű hatekonysaga elvethető, amennyiben azt az arak veletlen bolyongasaval azonositjuk. ARMA spektralalapu varianciahanyados-probak alapjan mind a tiszta veletlen bolyongas, mind pedig a tisztan stacioner arkepződes elvethető. A hatekonysag serulese arbitrazslehetősegeket rejthet magaban, azonban ezt egyensulyi arazasi modellek alkalmazasaval nem tudjuk alatamasztani. A "mesterborok" - a legdragabb minősegi borok - teljesitmenye nem kulonbozik szignifikansan a piac egeszetől, azaz ez alapjan a gyűjthető eszkozok (collectibles) piacan megfigyelt "mesterművekre" jellemző alularazottsag elvethető. A befektetesi kategoriaju boroknak kituntetett szerepe lehet a portfoliodiverzifikacioban, mivel alacsony a korrelaciojuk a reszvenypiaccal, es hosszu tavon a ket piac fuggetlen egymastol. A diverzifikacios szerepet erősiti, hogy a minősegi borok meg recesszios időszakban is ertekallok, es menedeket jelenthetnek a volatilis reszvenypiacokkal szemben. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kod: G12; G14.
Purification and properties of inosine-guanosine phosphorylase from Escherichia coli K-12

A xanthosine-inducible enzyme, inosine-guanosine phosphorylase, has been partially purified from a strain of Escherichia coli K-12 lacking the deo-encoded purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Inosine-guanosine phosphorylase had a particle weight of 180 kilodaltons and was rapidly inactivated by p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid (p-CMB). The enzyme was not protected from inactivation by inosine (Ino), 2'-deoxyinosine (dIno), hypoxanthine (Hyp), Pi, or alpha-D-ribose-1-phosphate (Rib-1-P). Incubating the inactive enzyme with dithiothreitol restored the catalytic activity. Reaction with p-CMB did not affect the particle weight. Inosine-guanosine phosphorylase was more sensitive to thermal inactivation than purine nucleoside phosphorylase. The half-life determined at 45 degrees C between pH 5 and 8 was 5 to 9 min. Phosphate (20 mM) stabilized the enzyme to thermal inactivation, while Ino (1 mM), dIno (1 mM), xanthosine (Xao) (1 mM), Rib-1-P (2 mM), or Hyp (0.05 mM) had no effect. However, Hyp at 1 mM did stabilize the enzyme. In addition, the combination of Pi (20 mM) and Hyp (0.05 mM) stabilized this enzyme to a greater extent than did Pi alone. Apparent activation energies of 11.5 kcal/mol and 7.9 kcal/mol were determined in the phosphorolytic and synthetic direction, respectively. The pH dependence of Ino cleavage or synthesis did not vary between 6 and 8. The substrate specificity, listed in decreasing order of efficiency (V/Km), was: 2'-deoxyguanosine, dIno, guanosine, Xao, Ino, 5'-dIno, and 2',3'-dideoxyinosine. Inosine-guanosine phosphorylase differed from the deo operon-encoded purine nucleoside phosphorylase in that neither adenosine, 2'-deoxyadenosine, nor hypoxanthine arabinoside were substrates or potent inhibitors. Moreover, the E. coli inosine-guanosine phosphorylase was antigenically distinct from the purine nucleoside phosphorylase since it did not react with any of 14 monoclonal antisera or a polyvalent antiserum raised against deo-encoded purine nucleoside phosphorylase.
Epirubicin loading in poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles manifests via altered intracellular localization and cellular response in cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells

Abstract Objective: Drug loading into nanocarriers is used to facilitate drug delivery to target cells and organs. We have previously reported a change in cellular localization of epirubicin after loading to poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) (PBCA) nanoparticles. We aimed to further investigate the altered cellular localization and cellular responses to the described drug formulation. Materials and methods: HeLa cells were treated with epirubicin-loaded PBCA nanoparticles prepared by the pre-polymerization method. A systematic study was performed to evaluate the formulation cytotoxicity. Cellular localization and uptake of the formulation as well as cellular response to the treatment were evaluated. Results: Our studies revealed decreased cytotoxicity of the nanoparticle-formulated epirubicin compared to the free drug as well as a noticeable change in the drug’s intracellular localization. Epirubicin-loaded nanoparticles were internalized via endocytosis, accumulated inside endosomal vesicles and induced a two-fold stronger pro-apoptotic signal when compared to the free drug. The level of the tumor suppressor protein p53 in HeLa cells increased significantly upon treatment with free epirubicin, but remained relatively unchanged when cells were treated with equivalent dose of nanoparticle-loaded drug, suggesting a possible shift from p53-dependent DNA/RNA intercalation-based induction of cytotoxicity by free epirubicin to a caspase 3-induced cell death by the epirubicin-loaded PBCA formulation.
Children, stress, and hospitalization: a field experiment.

Data indicate that, independent of illness, the social environment of the hospital may produce stress for child surgical patients and their mothers. For the children, stress may result in elevated temperature, pulse rate, and blood pressure; post-operative emesis; disturbed sleep; and an extended period of recovery. Experimental data indicate that social interaction with hospital personnel, providing information and emotional support, may reduce a mother's stress and change her definition of the hospital situation. This in turn may reduce a child's stress and have indirect but profound effects on his social, psychological, and even physiological responses to hospitalization and surgery.
Restoration of T cell responses to toxoplasma gondii after successful combined antiretroviral therapy in patients with AIDS with previous toxoplasmic encephalitis.

BACKGROUND It is unknown whether a Toxoplasma gondii-specific T cell response is restored after successful combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in patients with AIDS and current or previous toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE). METHODS We performed a multicenter cross-sectional study with 17 healthy T. gondii-positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-uninfected individuals and 90 patients coinfected with HIV-1 and T. gondii distributed in 5 groups according to their CD4(+) T cell counts and T. gondii infection (with or without current or previous TE). We investigated the lymphocyte proliferative response (LPR) and interferon (IFN)-γ production in response to T. gondii soluble antigen extract (SATg) and as CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell subsets. RESULTS SATg-specific LPR and IFN-γ production were not observed in many of the most immunosuppressed patients (CD4(+) T cell count, <200 cells/μL, with or without current or previous TE). By contrast, these responses occurred in a considerable percentage (LPR, 43%; IFN-γ production, 80%) of patients receiving successful cART (CD4(+) T cell count, >200 cells/μL) who presented with TE and had already stopped secondary TE prophylaxis. Similar results were found in immunocompetent asymptomatic patients who did not receive TE prophylaxis. The predictors of SATg-specific T cell responses and IFN-γ production were a cART-mediated increase in CD4(+) T cell count and LPR to phytohemagglutinin and viral suppression and a decrease in the activated (CD38(+)) CD8(+) T cell count, respectively. CONCLUSIONS cART restores T. gondii-specific CD4 T cell responses in most patients with AIDS who had previous TE. Our data support the safety of withdrawing TE prophylaxis when the CD4(+) T cell count returns to levels >200 cells/μL.
Valvular strands and cerebral ischemia. Effect of demographics and strand characteristics.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Valvular strands, thin filamentous material attached to the mitral or aortic valve, are seen during transesophageal echocardiography and have been associated with stroke. Little is known about this association in different age, sex, and race-ethnic subgroups and the effect of various strand characteristics on this association. METHODS From patients referred for transesophageal echocardiography, 73 patients with recent ischemic stroke (68) or transient ischemic attack (5) were age matched to 73 stroke- and transient ischemic attack-free control subjects. The association between valvular strands and cerebral ischemia was evaluated for the overall group and demographic subgroups. The effect of strand location, length, number, and valve thickness was also determined. RESULTS An association between cerebral ischemia and valvular strands was observed (odds ratio [OR] = 4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0 to 9.6). The association was found for both men and women and among all three race-ethnic groups. The OR was greater in those who were younger (12.5 [95% CI = 2.4 to 64.5] for age < 60, 4.8 [95% CI = 1.3 to 18.2] for age 60 to 69, and 1.8 [95% CI = 0.5 to 6.4] for age > or = 70 years). Strands on both the mitral (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.5 to 7.9) and aortic (OR = 3.7; 95% CI = 1.1 to 11.9) valve were associated with cerebral ischemia, whereas the number and length of strands were not. The effect of strands was independent of mitral or aortic valve thickness. CONCLUSIONS Valvular strands, whether mitral or aortic, are associated with ischemic stroke, especially among younger persons.
Explorations in Ancient and Modern Philosophy: Protagoras and self-refutation in later Greek philosophy

If a philosophical argument is worth attention, so is its history. Traces it has left in the thought of philosophers who have concerned themselves with it have the historical import they do in part because they reveal aspects, often unexpected ones, of the argument's philosophical interest and significance. Such is the case, at any rate, with the argument I want to investigate here. This is an argument directed against Protagoras, the most famous of the Greek sophists of the fifth century B.C., claiming that his doctrine that man is the measure of all things is self-refuting. Jt is an argument which had a long history. The most familiar version occurs in Plato's Theaetetus (17 lab), where it has an important part to play in refuting the extreme empiricist epistemology which the dialogue elaborates out of a definition of knowledge as perception. But already before Plato Democritus had used the argument,' and in his hands it no doubt played some part in securing the epistemological foundations of atomism. After Plato the argument appears in Book Gamma of Aristotle's Metaphysics (1008a28-30, 1012b13-18; cp. K.1063b30-35) in connection with Aristotle's defense of the law of contradiction. It then turns up again in the writings of Sextus Empiricus as part of the Skeptic philosophy's elaborately systematic refutation of all dogmatisms. This last context is the one I shall be considering here. Sextus was the leading Skeptic philosopher of his time (circa 200 A.D.) and his surviving works, Outlines of Pyrrhonism (abbreviated PH from the Greek title) and Against the Mathematicians (abbreviated M), are full of information about the controversies that took place between and within the philosophical movements which grew up in
Combination of Formoterol and Tiotropium in the Treatment of COPD: Effects on Lung Function

Bronchodilators are central in symptomatic management of all stages of COPD. For patients whose COPD is not sufficiently controlled by monotherapy, combining an inhaled anticholinergic and a ß2-agonist is a convenient way of delivering treatment and obtaining better lung function and improved symptoms. Formoterol (β2-agonist) and tiotropium (anticholinergic) are long-acting bronchodilators with different mechanisms of action. Formoterol has a fast onset and a bronchodilator effect of approximately 12 h, while tiotropium has a 24-h bronchodilator effect and is given once daily. Currently, there is no documentation that tiotropium is superior to formoterol or the contrary, but a combination of tiotropium and formoterol is more effective than single drugs alone in inducing bronchodilation and a bronchodilator-mediated symptom benefit in patients suffering from COPD. Once-daily or twice-daily formoterol, added to tiotropium, are both better than tiotropium alone, but the published evidence suggests twice-daily formoterol is the best add-on option.