Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Impact of Trade and Offshoring on American Workers using the Current Population Surveys

Abstract We link industry-level data on trade and offshoring with individual-level worker data from the Current Population Surveys from 1984 to 2002. We find that occupational exposure to globalization is associated with significant wage effects, while industry exposure has no significant impact. We present evidence that globalization has put downward pressure on worker wages through the reallocation of workers away from higher-wage manufacturing jobs into other sectors and other occupations. Using a panel of workers, we find that occupation switching due to trade led to real wage losses of 12 to 17 percentage points.
Breast cancer in mass circulating magazines in the U.S.A. and Canada, 1974-1995.

This paper presents the results of a study of the images of breast cancer in the highest circulating periodicals in the USA and Canada over a twenty year period of time. Both manifest and latent themes are noted and described. The emphasis in the manifest themes is on the medical aspects of the treatment and early detection of breast cancer. The latent themes emphasize the contrast in the ways that women with the disease, as compared to their doctors, are described. Notably, women are portrayed as being 'worried about their health' and, in particular, the most feared of 'their' diseases, breast cancer. Breast cancer is said to be caused by everything, especially women's own traitorous bodies. Women are described as isolates, as emotional and preoccupied with their sexual attractiveness. Doctors are described in contrasting ways, as moral truth-seekers, infused with rationality and intelligence. The ubiquitous causes of breast cancer are also noted. The paper concludes with a discussion of the possible implications of the gendered character of the reporting about breast cancer.
SiC based Field Effect Transistor for H2S detection

Experimental characterization and quantum chemical calculations were performed to evaluate the performance of a SiC based Field Effect Transistors with Pt and Ir gates as H2S sensors. The sensors were tested against various concentrations of H2S gas at the operating temperature between 150 and 350 °C. It was observed that Ir was very sensitive and selective to H2S at 350 °C. This phenomenon was studied further by comparing the reaction energy when H2S is exposed to Pt and Ir with density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
The impact of mergers on relaxed X-ray clusters – I. Dynamical evolution and emergent transient structures

We report on the analysis of a suite of smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations (incorporating cooling and star formation) of mergers involving idealized X-ray clusters whose initial conditions resemble relaxed clusters with cool compact cores observed by Chandra and XMM. The simulations sample the most-interesting, theoretically plausible, range of impact parameters and progenitor mass ratios. We find that all mergers evolve via a common progression. We illustrate this progression in the projected gas density, X-ray surface brightness, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich, temperature, and gas-entropy maps. Several different classes of transient 'cold front' like features can arise over the course of a merger. Each class is distinguished by a distinct morphological signature and physical cause. We find that all these classes are present in Chandra and XMM observations of merging systems and propose a naming scheme for these features: 'comet-like' tails, bridges, plumes, streams and edges. In none of the cases considered do the initial cool compact cores of the primary and the secondary get destroyed during the course of the mergers. Instead, the two remnant cores eventually combine to form a new core that, depending on the final mass of the remnant, can have a greater cooling efficiency than either of its progenitors. We quantify the evolving morphology of our mergers using centroid variance, power ratios and offset between the X-ray and the projected mass maps. We find that the centroid variance best captures the dynamical state of the cluster. It also provides an excellent indicator of how far the system is from virial and hydrostatic equilibrium. Placing the system at z = 0.1, we find that all easily identified observable traces of the secondary disappear from a simulated 50-ks Chandra image following the second pericentric passage. The system, however, takes an additional ∼2 Gyr to relax and virialize. Observationally, the only reliable indicator of a system in this state is the smoothness of its X-ray surface brightness isophotes, not temperature fluctuations. Temperature fluctuations at the level of AT/T ∼20 per cent, can persist in the final systems well past the point of virialization, suggesting that the existence of temperature fluctuations, in and of themselves, does not necessarily indicate a disturbed or unrelaxed system.
Cloning and expression of complementary DNAs for multiple members of the human cytochrome P450IIC subfamily.

The present study characterizes the profile of cDNAs from the human P450IIC subfamily in a library from one individual, and it describes three new members of this subfamily (IIC17, IIC18, and IIC19) isolated from two human cDNA libraries. cDNA libraries were constructed from two human livers which differed phenotypically in the hepatic content of P450 HLx (IIC8). The library from the phenotypically low HLx individual was screened by using a cDNA for rat liver P450IIC13 and an oligonucleotide probe for human IIC8. One clone, 245c, was isolated which clearly represents a new member of the human P450IIC subfamily (IIC17). This clone lacked the first 358 nucleotides at the N-terminus but was only 91% homologous in its nucleic acid sequence to IIC9 and 79% homologous to IIC8. Near-full-length clones for IIC9 were also isolated from this library, but no clones for IIC8 were found. Northern blots indicated that the mRNA for IIC8 was low or absent in this individual. A second cDNA library (from a liver phenotypically high in HLx) was then screened. Eighty-three essentially full-length (greater than 1.8 kb) clones belonging to the IIC subfamily were isolated from this library. These include full-length clones for two additional new members of the IIC subfamily. Clones 29c and 6b appear to be allelic variants (IIC18), differing by one nucleotide (one amino acid change) in the coding region. Clone 11a represents a full-length clone for a third new P450 (IIC19). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phenotypic, genetic and environmental trends in milk yield and milk production efficiency traits in Karan Fries cattle

The first lactation records of 643 Karan Fries cattle sired by 77 bulls maintained at NDRI, Karnal herd during 1992-2009 were used to estimate the phenotypic, genetic and environmental trends of economic traits viz. first lactation total milk yield (FLTMY), first lactation total milk yield per day of first calving interval (FLTMY/FCI), first lactation total milk yield per day of first lactation length (FLTMY/FLL). The phenotypic trends were estimated as 34.04 ± 8.62 kg (0.90 percent of herd average), 0.05 ± 0.04 (0.57 percent of herd average) and 0.06 ± 0.02 kg (0.48 percent of herd average) for FLTMY, FLTMY/FCI and FLTMY/FLL respectively. The genetic trends were compared by six methods as Smith method1 (SM1), Smith method 2(SM2), Powell and Freeman method1 (PM1), Powell and Freeman method2 (PM2), Least Squares method of Burnside and Legate (LSMBL) and BLUP methods. The annual genetic trends for FLTMY were found to be positive by SM1 (1.08 kg), PM1 (0.83 kg) and BLUP (3.44 kg). The annual genetic trends for FLMY/FCI were positive and significant by SM2 (0.56 ± 0.10 kg) and PM2 (0.43 ± 0.09 kg). The annual genetic trends for FLMY/FLL were found to be positive by SM1 (0.08 ± 0.11 kg), LSMBL (0.01 ± 0.06 kg) and BLUP (0.01 ± 0.02 kg) methods. However, the estimates obtained by BLUP method had the lowest standard errors and were more reliable compared to other methods.
Virally delivered, constitutively active NFκB improves survival of injured retinal ganglion cells

As axon damage and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss lead to blindness, therapies that increase RGC survival and axon regrowth have direct clinical relevance. Given that NFκB signaling is critical for neuronal survival and may regulate neurite growth, we investigated the therapeutic potential of NFκB signaling in RGC survival and axon regeneration. Although both NFκB subunits (p65 and p50) are present in RGCs, p65 exists in an inactive (unphosphorylated) state when RGCs are subjected to neurotoxic conditions. In this study, we used a phosphomimetic approach to generate DNA coding for an activated (phosphorylated) p65 (p65mut), then employed an adeno‐associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) to deliver the DNA into RGCs. We tested whether constitutive p65mut expression prevents death and facilitates neurite outgrowth in RGCs subjected to transient retinal ischemia or optic nerve crush (ONC), two models of neurotoxicity. Our data indicate that RGCs treated with AAV2‐p65mut displayed a significant increase in survival compared to controls in ONC model (77 ± 7% vs. 25 ± 3%, P‐value = 0.0001). We also found protective effect of modified p65 in RGCs of ischemic retinas (55 ± 12% vs. 35 ± 6%), but not to a statistically significant degree (P‐value = 0.14). We did not detect a difference in axon regeneration between experimental and control animals after ONC. These findings suggest that increased NFκB signaling in RGCs attenuates retinal damage in animal models of neurodegeneration, but insignificantly impacts axon regeneration.
Anthropometric determination of craniofacial morphology.

The field of medical genetics has grown rapidly in recent years, with the advent of an increasing selection of molecular techniques to delineate genetic syndromes. Until recently, it seemed that this acceleration in sophistication had bypassed one of the most basic elements of clinical description for syndromes, the determination of craniofacial morphology. Now, however, investigators have built upon classical anthropometry traditions to develop objective, reliable methods for the diagnosis of craniofacial anomalies. Whereas the goal of the craniofacial surgeon is the restoration of normality t o the abnormal face [Farkas, 1981, 1994a1, the primary goal of the clinical geneticist is the diagnosis of a wide range of anomalies [e.g., Deutsch, 1987; Hall et al., 1989; Ward, 1994; Allanson and Cole, 1996; Hunter, 19961. Although the objectives of craniofacial surgeons using quantitative examination methods (surgical anthropometry) differ from those of clinical geneticists, techniques for carrying out the measurements should be the same [Farkas, 19961.
[How painful is intensive insulin therapy?].

Injection-pain was assessed in 39 type-1 diabetic patients in relation to an insulin injection (with an insulin-pen) into the upper arm, the abdomen, and the thigh and in another 10 patients, pain associated with finger-pricking for blood-glucose self-monitoring was assessed. Pain perception was recorded on a visual analogue scale. According to the results, injections were relatively painless with an average (median) pain-score of less than 10% of maximum pain. Injection pains varied in relation to the injection sites (upper arm greater than thigh greater than abdomen). Least painful (n = 44) versus most painful (n = 39) injections were distributed as follows: upper arm 20% vs. 46%, abdomen 43% vs. 23%, thigh 36% vs. 31% (chi 2 7.26, df2, p less than 0.05). Finger-pricking was no more painful than injecting insulin. It is concluded that insulin injecting (e.g. with insulin pens) and blood glucose self-monitoring in general is not very painful. However, if this positive conclusion also applies to long-term performance of intensive insulin therapy remains to be proven.
Diffraction of ultrashort pulse on a nanoscale conductive cone

Surface plasmon polariton is collective oscillation of the free electrons at metal dielectric interface. As a wave phenomenon, surface plasmon polaritons can be focused using appropiate excitation geometry of metallic structures. We theoretically demonstrate the possibility of controlling nanoscale short pulse superfocusing based on the generation of radially polarized surface plasmon polariton mode of conical metallic tip. Numerical simulation for femtosecond pulse propagation along a silver nano-needle is discussed. The spatial distribution for a near field strongly depends on a linear chirp of the laser pulse which can partially compensate the wave dispersion. Field distribution is calculated for different chirp values, opening angle 0.1, distances ri = 1000 nm and rf = 250 nm. For a pulse with a chirp β = -0.013 fs1, pulse duration becomes shorter and changes from 32 fs to 18.8 fs, and field amplification is equal to 42.7.
Elaboration and sensorial evaluation of jelly and fruit crystallized cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill)

Este trabajo esta dirigido a la elaboracion y evaluacion sensorial de la mermelada obtenida de frutas del nopal tunero y frutas confitadas del nopal. La gelatina obtenida presenta la siguiente composicion: azucares reductores, 21,6%; pH, 3,07; solidos solubles, 69,2 °Brix; acidez titulable, 0,63% (acido citrico), y la humedad, 23,5%. Del analisis sensorial se llevo a cabo por un equipo de 20 jueces no entrenados con la edad entre 20 y 50 anos que evaluo los atributos de la impresion global, aroma, sabor, color, textura, la intencion de compra, por el metodo de la escala hedonica de nueve puntos "gusto mucho" [ 9] y "me disgusto mucho" [1] Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el color era atributo que presento mayor aceptacion de los jueces con un promedio de 8,2. La impresion de atributos globales obtenidos promedio de 8,0, 7,5 aroma, sabor 7,7, 8,1 y la textura. En la intencion de compra de parametros, todos los jueces declararon que iban a comprar el producto. Para obtener los frutos de las frutas confitadas, se lavaron y se separaron la pulpa de la cascara. Los tratamientos fueron los siguientes: T01, la pulpa con la adicion de 0,2% de CaCl2 T02, pulpa sin CaCl2 la suma y la T03, la cascara sin CaCl2 Ademas, fueron cocinados en jarabe de azucar (sacarosa) con una concentracion de glucosa inicial de 20% y aumentada gradualmente 10% de azucar cada 24 horas hasta la saturacion (70% de azucar). El siguiente analisis fisicoquimico se llevo a cabo: pH, solidos solubles totales (SST) y acidez total tritable (TTA) y el analisis sensorial se mide en una escala de 9 puntos hedonica estructurada de "no gusta" a "me gusta mucho" entre los 30 consumidores. Los resultados fueron sometidos a analisis estadistico utilizando el software SISVAR. Las caracteristicas fisicoquimicas de pH, TSS y TTA para el tratamiento T01 fueron 5,27, 40,13 y 0,05%, respectivamente, para el tratamiento T02, el pH fue 5,54, 59,38 y TTA del 0,05%, y para el tratamiento T03, el pH fue de 5,47, SST de 47,5 y TTA de 0,06%. El tratamiento sin cloruro de calcio presenta mejores calificaciones de los atributos sensoriales evaluados. Los resultados demuestran que la intencion de compra de los consumidores fue 48,39% para el tratamiento sin cloruro de calcio.
Induction of inhibitory Smad6 and Smad7 mRNA by TGF-beta family members.

Smad6 and Smad7 function as intracellular antagonists in transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling. Here we report the isolation of human Smad6, which is closely related to Smad7. Smad6 and Smad7 mRNAs were differentially expressed in lung cancer cell lines and were rapidly and directly induced by TGF-beta1, activin and bone morphogenetic protein-7. Cross-talk between TGF-beta and other signaling pathways was demonstrated by the finding that epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced the expression of inhibitory SMAD mRNA. Moreover, whereas the phorbol ester PMA alone had no effect, it potentiated the TGF-beta1-induced expression of Smad7 mRNA. Ectopic expression of anti-sense Smad7 RNA was found to increase the effect of TGF-beta1, supporting its role as a negative regulator in TGF-beta signaling. Thus, expression of inhibitory Smads is induced by multiple stimuli, including the various TGF-beta family members, whose action they antagonize.
Acute appendicitis in a Kenyan rural hospital.

OBJECTIVES The literature on appendicitis in Africa is almost all derived from urban teaching hospitals. As most of Africa's people are from rural areas, we sought to review our experience from a rural hospital in Kenya. DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING A rural Kenyan church hospital. SUBJECTS One hundred and twelve cases of acute appendicitis presenting at Kijabe Hospital over a five year period were reviewed. INTERVENTION Appendicectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sex, age, pre-hospital delay, operative findings, wound infection, post-operative length of stay. RESULTS The male to female ratio was 1.8:1. The median age was 29 (4-71 years). Median prehospital delays were one day (normal appendix), one and a half days (simple appendicitis), three days (perforated appendix) and six and a half days (appendical abscess). Operative findings were 14% normal appendix, 42% simple appendicitis, 22% perforated, 21% abscess. Overall wound infection rate was 22%; ranging from 11% for simple appendicitis to 46% for an appendiceal abscess. The mean post-operative length of stay was nine and a half days. CONCLUSIONS Acute appendicitis in rural Kenya is similar to patterns reported in urban African centres. The main difference from western data is the high complicated appendicitis rate which is most likely related to prolonged pre-hospital delay.
Assessing the training needs of agricultural extension workers about organic farming in the North-Western Himalayas.

Agricultural extension organizations worldwide face challenges of professional competence among their employees. Planning, training and management of human resources within extension organizations are essential to increase the capabilities and overall effectiveness of extension personnel. This paper examines the training needs of agricultural extension workers in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India, regarding organic farming. Random sampling was used to select 65 extension personnel of the Himachal Pradesh State Department of Agriculture (HPSDA) from within ten districts of the state. The data are self reported scores collected with a structured instrument in which ten aspects of organic farming were addressed. The results revealed that the majority of extension workers reported medium to high training needs in seven specific areas: biodynamic farming, homa farming, bio-rational pest management techniques, biological methods of pest control, bio-fertilizer technology, record keeping/certification standards, and grading/packing and marketing of organic produce. The majority of extension workers reported low or no training needs in the areas of composting/vermicomposting, green manuring/green leaf manuring, and crop rotations. There was no significant relationship between age, educational qualifications, or service experience with identified training needs. To achieve the potential for the uptake and successful implementation of organic farming amongst Himachal Pradesh farmers, the training of HPSDA agricultural extension workers could concentrate on improving their knowledge in the seven identified areas of organic farming skills.
The impact of transmission clusters on primary drug resistance in newly diagnosed HIV-1 infection

Objectives:To monitor HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in a well defined urban area with large access to antiretroviral therapy and to assess the potential source of infection of newly diagnosed HIV individuals. Methods:All individuals resident in Geneva, Switzerland, with a newly diagnosed HIV infection between 2000 and 2008 were screened for HIV resistance. An infection was considered as recent when the positive test followed a negative screening test within less than 1 year. Phylogenetic analyses were performed by using the maximum likelihood method on pol sequences including 1058 individuals with chronic infection living in Geneva. Results:Of 637 individuals with newly diagnosed HIV infection, 20% had a recent infection. Mutations associated with resistance to at least one drug class were detected in 8.5% [nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 6.3%; non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 3.5%; protease inhibitors, 1.9%]. TDR (P-trend = 0.015) and, in particular, NNRTI resistance (P = 0.002) increased from 2000 to 2008. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that 34.9% of newly diagnosed individuals, and 52.7% of those with recent infection were linked to transmission clusters. Clusters were more frequent in individuals with TDR than in those with sensitive strains (59.3 vs. 32.6%, respectively; P < 0.0001). Moreover, 84% of newly diagnosed individuals with TDR were part of clusters composed of only newly diagnosed individuals. Conclusion:Reconstruction of the HIV transmission networks using phylogenetic analysis shows that newly diagnosed HIV infections are a significant source of onward transmission, particularly of resistant strains, thus suggesting an important self-fueling mechanism for TDR.
The Singular Vision of William Charles Wells (1757–1817)

William Charles Wells retained an interest in vision throughout his life. His first book was on single vision with two eyes; he integrated vision and eye movements to determine principles of visual direction. On the basis of experiments and observations he formulated three principles of visual direction, which can readily be demonstrated. In the course of these studies, he also examined visual acuity, accommodation and convergence, visual persistence, and visual vertigo. Insights into visual processing were mainly derived from observations of afterimages that were used to provide an index of how the eyes moved. His experiments enabled him to distinguish between the consequences of active and passive eye movements (later called outflow and inflow) as well as describing nystagmus following body rotation. After providing a brief account of Wells's life, his neglected research on vision is described and assessed.
Autonomy and Job Satisfaction for a Sample of Greek Teachers

Analysing the relation between Job Satisfaction and Autonomy in a sample of 300 Greek teachers (114 men and 186 women, 28 to 59 years old) from primary and secondary schools, showed statistically significant positive correlations between Job Satisfaction and Autonomy. Particularly, Autonomy was correlated with Job Itself (.21), Supervision (.22), and the Organizational as a Whole (.27), aspects of Job Satisfaction. Findings are in line with previous studies conducted in different cultural contexts. Percent common variance accounted for is small.
The Reduced Basis Element Method: Application to a Thermal Fin Problem

The reduced basis element method is a new approach for the approximation of partial differential equations that takes its roots in the domain decomposition method and in the reduced basis discretization. The basic idea is to decompose the domain of computation into a series of subdomains (the elements) that are similar to a few reference domains. These reference domains are actually "filled" with reduced basis functional spaces that are mapped to each subdomain together with the geometry. The discrete approximation space is then composed of functions with the property that a function restricted to a subdomain belongs to the mapped reduced spaces. Finally, a mortar-type method is applied to glue the various local functions. In this paper we focus on the definition of the reference shapes, and together with theoretical and numerical justifications of the method, we provide a posteriori error analysis tools that allow us to certify the computational results.