Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pollination biology of the deceptive orchid Changnienia amoena

The pollination biology of Changnienia amoena , an endangered terrestrial orchid, was investigated at two sites in the Shennongjia Mountains, Hubei, central China. The results show that the orchid is exclusively pollinated by bumblebees. In Longmenhe, Bombus ( Diversobombus ) trifasciatus is the primary effective pollinator, whereas B. ( Tricornibombus ) imitator is the only pollinator in Guanmenshan. These two bumblebees can be treated as a functional group because they carry pollinaria on the same position on their bodies and have similar pollinating behaviours. The morphological traits of the flower adapt precisely to the pollinators. Visitation by bumblebees is mainly in the first half of the flowering period of C. amoena . Pollinarium removal and pollinia deposition take place when bumblebees withdraw from the flower. Crossing experiments show that C. amoena is a self-compatible and outcrossing species. Fruit set in this species is low and may result from limited pollinators because 87.5% of individuals set fruits under hand-pollination, but only 6‐12% of individuals set fruits under natural conditions. These results imply that it is important to conserve the pollinator community together with the plants when conservation management for this endangered species is undertaken. Artificial pollination would also be a useful measure to facilitate restoration of the small populations. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 150 , 165‐175. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: adaptation ‐ bumblebee ‐ flowering phenology ‐ fruit set ‐ pollinarium removal ‐ pollinia deposition.
Capturing Knowledge Representations Using Semantic Relationships An Ontology-based Approach

Knowledge representations in the scope of this work are a way to formalize the content of documents using dependent metadata i.e. words in document. One of the challenges relates to limited information that is presented in the document. While past research has made use of external dictionaries and topic hierarchies to augment the information, there is still considerable room for improvement. This work explores the use of complex relationships (otherwise known as Semantic Associations) available in ontologies with the addition of information presented in documents. In this paper we introduce a conceptual framework and its current implementation to support the representation of knowledge sources, where every knowledge source is represented through a vector (named Semantic Vector SV). The novelty of this work addresses the enrichment of such knowledge representations, using the classical vector space model concept extended with ontological support, which means to use ontological concepts and their relations to enrich each SV. Our approach takes into account three different but complementary processes using the following inputs: (1) the statistical relevance of keywords, (2) the ontological concepts, and (3) the ontological relations. Keywords-Information Retrieval; Ontology Engineering; Knowledge Representation
Wisdom of the Institutional Crowd

The average portfolio structure of institutional investors is shown to have properties which account for transaction costs in an optimal way. This implies that financial institutions unknowingly display collective rationality, or Wisdom of the Crowd. Individual deviations from the rational benchmark are ample, which illustrates that system-wide rationality does not need nearly rational individuals. Finally we discuss the importance of accounting for constraints when assessing the presence of Wisdom of the Crowd.
Plant diversity analysis for conservation of Afromontane vegetation in socio-ecological mountain landscape of Gurage, South Central Ethiopia

The present study was conducted for the conservation and management of vegetation in a socio-ecological mountain landscape through assessment of floristic composition, community types and structure of woody species in the Wabe River catchment of the Gurage Mountains in Ethiopia. The preferential sampling technique was applied to collect floristic and vegetation structure data, and within each plot, woody species diameter at breast height (DBH) was measured. R statistical software was used to analyze the vegetation cluster, diversity and structure. As a result of the heterogeneous nature of the catchment vegetation, the optimum number of six clusters (community types) were identified which were named through high ranked species. The majority of the community types had high diversity indexes and equitability or evenness. Most of the species had lower DBH classes and frequency. Besides, the important value index (IVI) for most of the species showed high value. This information facilitated for sustaining the biodiversity through identification of high plant diversity spot community types to be protected, degraded vegetation areas to be rehabilitated and fragmented vegetation areas to establish ecological connectivity. Further studies on the ecosystem services provided by the vegetation could be important for understanding their value and to advance the planning and management mechanisms. Key words: Community type, floristic composition, diversity, equitability, structure, important value index (IVI), landscape planning.
Comparison of observed and general circulation model derived continental subsurface heat flux in the Northern Hemisphere

Received 8 September 2009; revised 9 February 2010; accepted 19 February 2010; published 18 June 2010. [1] Heat fluxes in the continental subsurface were estimated from general circulation model (GCM) simulations of the climate of the last millennium and compared to those obtained from subsurface geothermal data. Since GCMs have bottom boundary conditions (BBCs) that are less than 10 m deep and thus may be thermodynamically restricted in the continental subsurface, we used an idealized land surface model (LSM) with a very deep BBC to estimate the potential for realistic subsurface heat storage in the absence of bottom boundary constraints. Results indicate that there is good agreement between observed fluxes and GCM simulated fluxes for the 1780–1980 period when the GCM simulated temperatures are coupled to the LSM with deep BBC. These results emphasize the importance of placing a deep BBC in GCM soil components for the proper simulation of the overall continental heat budget. In addition, the agreement between the LSM surface fluxes and the borehole temperature reconstructed fluxes lends additional support to the overall quality of the GCM (ECHO‐G) paleoclimatic simulations. Citation: MacDougall, A. H. , H. Beltrami, J. F. Gonzalez‐Rouco, M. B. Stevens, and E. Bourlon (2010), Comparison of observed and general circulation model derived continental subsurface heat flux in the Northern Hemisphere, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D12109, doi:10.1029/2009JD013170.
Extrinsic-intrinsic crossover of the spin Hall effect induced by alloying

We report the observation of the crossover between the extrinsic and intrinsic spin Hall effect induced by alloying. We found that the spin Hall angle, the ratio of the spin Hall conductivity to the electric conductivity, changes drastically by tuning the composition of Au-Cu alloy. The spin Hall angle changes the sign only in a limited range of the Cu concentration due to the extrinsic skew scattering, while the intrinsic contribution becomes dominant with increasing the Cu concentration. This observation provides essential information for fundamental understanding of spin-orbit physics.
Mental Disorders and Female Infertility

Approximately 5 to 10 % of women in their reproductive years are affected by infertility. Infertility in women has been associated with depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, disturbed eating behavior, autism, psychotic disorders and autism. Part of the association between depression, anxiety and infertility can be explained by the emotional stress resulting from infertility. As mental disorders like depressive disorder or eating disorders are also prospectively associated with infertility, a bidirectional relationship is assumed. The paper discusses the theories about the mechanistic link between mental disorders and infertility. A special relationship may between mental disorders and the main causes of ovulatory infertility, hypothalamic amenorrhea and polycystic ovary disease. Pilot studies support the assumption that psychotherapy may constitute an important component in the treatment of infertility.
Accurate rotational rest-frequencies of CH2NH at submillimetre wavelengths

Context. Methanimine (CH2NH) has been detected in different astronomical sources, both galactic (as in several “hot cores”, the circumstellar enevolope IRC+10216, and the L183 pre-stellar core) and extragalactic, and is considered a pre-biotic interstellar molecule. Its ground-state rotational spectrum has been studied in the laboratory up to 172 GHz, well below the spectral ranges covered by Herschel/HIFI and the ALMA bands 9 and 10. Aims. In this laboratory study, we extend into the submillimetre-wave region the detection of the rotational spectrum of CH2NH in its vibrational ground state. Methods. The investigation was carried out using a source-modulation microwave spectrometer equipped with a cell coupled to a pyrolysis apparatus working at 1150 ◦ C. The spectrum was recorded in the frequency range 329–629 GHz, with the detection of 58 transitions. Results. The newly measured transition frequencies, along with those available from previous microwave studies, allow us to determine fairly accurate rotational constants of CH2NH and the complete sets of quartic and sextic centrifugal distortion constants, in addition to two octic constants. Several transitions have an hyperfine structure due to the 14 N nucleus, which was accounted for in the analysis. Conclusions. The determined spectroscopic constants make it possible to build a list of very accurate rest-frequencies for astrophysical purposes in the THz region with 1σ uncertainties lower than 0.01 km s −1 in radial equivalent velocity.
Digit Ratio is Associated with Colorectal Cancer

Background: Prenatal testosterone and estrogen exposure may influence disease susceptibility. Digit ratio (2D:4D) is a putative marker for prenatal hormone exposure and sensitivity, as well as the action of genes related to malignancies. Therefore, 2D:4D could act as a marker for cancer predisposition. Aims: Investigate the possible correlation between R2D:4D, L2D:4D and right minus left. 2D:4D (Δr-l) and colorectal cancer (CRC) in men and women and assess correlations with tumor staging and histological diagnosis. Methods: Digital images of the right and left hand palms of patients diagnosed with CRC (n=139) and age and sex-matched controls (n=139) were used to measure the 2nd and 4th fingers. Means for 2D:4D were compared. Data were analyzed by intraclass correlation coefficient, Student's t-test, Kendall’s tau b and Spearman’s rho (α=0.05). Results: CRC group presented significantly higher right and left 2D:4D (p=0.00001 and p=0.00005, respectively) in comparison to healthy controls. R2D:4D was negatively correlated to tumor differentiation (p=0.02) while L2D:4D was positively correlated to tumor size (p=0.03). Conclusions: Prenatal estrogen and testosterone seem to play a role on the malignant transformation and progression of colorectal cancer. The findings suggest that 2D:4D could add to the list of etiological factors and be a putative marker for the screening of patients’ susceptibility to develop colorectal cancer.
A Comparison of Nursing Maths Support Approaches

This article compares interventions for improvement of students’ numeracy and drug calculations skills respectively; numeracy test / re-test with maths support versus a numeracy workshop and a calculations drop-in. In the first intervention supported students increased their mean score from 19 out of 40 to 30 out of 40 and their peers increased from 27 out of 40 to 30 out of 40, both statistically significant increases. In the second intervention the highest scoring group of students made use of both the workshop and the drop-in. Whilst there was no statistically significant difference in mean scores across the four identified groups of students there were no low scoring outliers amongst the students who made use of the support offered. Although there is stronger evidence for the first intervention having impact, the second intervention is more aligned to drug calculations skills development. However, the latter would need a larger scale sample to confirm efficacy.
Effects of decreasing grammage on the handsheet properties of unbeaten and beaten kraft pulps

Bu calismada, dovulmemis (15 °SR) ve dovulmus (35 °SR) titrek kavak (Populus tremula L.) ve sahil cami (Pinus pinaster Ait.) kraft hamurlarindan elde edilen deneme kagitlarinin ozellikleri uzerine azalan kagit gramajinin etkileri belirlenmistir. 100 g/m2’den 50 g/m2’ye kadar (10 g/m2 araliklarla) 6 farkli gramajda kagitlarin uretilmistir. Kagitlarin kopma indisi, TEA, patlama indisi, yirtilma indisi, opaklik ve yogunluk degerleri azalan kagit gramaji ile tedrici olarak azalmistir. Hem titrek kavak hem de sahil cami orneklerinde, azalan gramajla meydana gelen saglamlik kayiplarinin dovulmemis hamurlarda dovulmus hamurlara gore daha belirgin oldugu tespit edilmistir. Fakat, kagidin opakligi ve yogunlugu uzerine azalan gramajin etkisinin dovulmus hamurlarda dovulmemis hamurlara nazaran daha belirgin oldugu gorulmustur. Anahtar kelimeler: Azalan gramaj, Titrek kavak, Sahil cami, Kraft, Kagit ozellikleri
Comparitive analysis of proximate composition of head from wild and farmed Catla catla.

The present study was planned to find out the proximate composition of head of wild andfarmedCatla catlaunder three different weight categories because head is mainly disposed. The moisture contents in head from wild and farmed Catla catlawere recorded as 63 . 06 ± 0.46% and 54.91± 0.53%respectively. Protein contents in head from wild andfarmed Catla catlawere measuredas 14.77 ± 0.37% and 19.92 ± 0.44% ,respectively. Lipids contents were recorded as 7.56 ± 0.46%in head of wild and farmed Catla catlarespectively. There were 12.26 ± 0.52 % and 12.40 ± 0.31% ash contents in head of wild and farmed Catla catlarespectively. The total nitrogen free extract were 2.31 ± 0.05% in wild and 0.74 ± 0.03% in farmedCatla catla.It was concluded that farmed fish contain more lipid and protein contents as compared to that of wild fish. No significant differences were found in case of ash contents. For each parameter seven samples were used and statistical analysis revealed that there are significant differences in case of wild and farmed fish.
A NiFeMo Electroplating Bath for Micromachined Structures

A number of micromachined magnetic sensors and actuators require materials with desirable magnetic properties such as high permeability and thicknesses in the range of several micrometers. Materials with appropriate magnetic properties have been reporte d for magnetic storage applications, but often in thickness ranges insufficient for micromachined sensors and actuators. We report the results of an electroplating bath for the deposition of a high permeability, low coercivity material, a NiFeMo alloy. Using this bath, the NiFeMo alloy may be electrodeposited up to 5 μm in thickness. The residual stress of the electroplated NiFeMo material remains larger than that for NiFe (Permalloy) electrodeposits.
Improvement of Digestibility of Sugar Cane Baggase by Fermentation with Chicken Manure

2 ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted t o stu dy the effect of fermentation an d chi cken man ure l evel on nutritive value of baggase. Five samples were made, composed of zero c hicken manure ( control), 3, 5, 7 and 1 0% chicken manure. The rations were ensiled f or 21 days, the dat a ar ranged w ith a 2 × 5 factorial design, chemical composition, dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and organic matter (OM) digestibility and i n s acco degradability for f ive rations before and after fermentation wer e c arried out. p H increased with increase in chicken manure level (4 .75) in 10% chicken manure. C rude protein (CP) increased bef ore fermentation i n 10% (9.069%) due to i ncrease c hicken manure. The neutral detergent fibre (NDF) c ontent d ecreased (63.94%) a nd digestibility d ecreased 19.5% in 10% due to increase chicken manure level. Ash increased with increase in chicken manure level 5.982. The dry matter (DM) content decreased in 10% (89.269%) due to increase chicken manure level dry matter (DM) digestibility i ncreased with increase in chicken manure level. Similarly d ry m atter (DM) degradability increased in 10 % (43.662%). Organic m atter ( OM) di gestibility was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) due to f ermentation (5 6.820%). Crude protein degradability (CPD) increased in 10% after fermentation (94.4%). Key wards: Baggase, C hicken manure, E nsilage, N DF degradability.
On the Effect of Outward Direct Investment on Home Country's Happiness

Based on the fact that input factors of production can not be completely replaced, a large number of outward direct investment leads to the fluctuation of jobs, income, growth of economy and inflation etc in home country. And these changes lead to the change of happiness of residents in home country to a large extent. Taking the case of China, using the Ordered Logit model, the paper analysis the effect of Chinese outward direct investment on the Chinese residents’ happiness. Results show that Chinese outward direct investment and domestic residents’ happiness are positively correlated, but the effect of outward direct investment on different people's happiness varies.
The metabolism of lake plankton does not support the metabolic theory of ecology

We tested if the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) correctly predicts plankton metabolism in a temperate lake, based on a long-term (about 15 years), high-frequency dataset of body size, abundance and production, using two different techniques: least squares regression and maximum likelihood. For phytoplankton, the general fit was relatively poor (r 2 = 0.53). The assumption of the MTE on temperature dependence of metabolism was not supported, and the assumed value of 3/4 of the allometric exponent was barely within 95% confidence limits. For some of the models, the value of b was significantly higher than 3/4. When radiation was included as an additional predictor, it improved the model considerably (r = 0.67). Including grazing by zooplankton reduced the model residuals during the summer period, when grazing is a dominant factor. The allometric exponent had virtually no effect for phytoplankton, due to little variability in average individual size. Zooplankton production, on the other hand, was better predicted by MTE, showing stronger effects of temperature and body size, the average of which varied by a factor of more than a hundred. However, the best-fitting value of the allometric exponent for zooplankton was 0.85, and significantly higher than the 3/4 predicted by the theory. The ratio of observed production to biomass for the entire plankton community declined linearly with the body size (in log-log) with a slope corresponding to a value of b = 0.85. We conclude that the MTE has little predictive power for the metabolism of lacustrine plankton, in particular for phytoplankton, and especially at the scale of variability of this study, and that this could be improved by incorporating radiation into the model.
Biodiversity of Halophytic Vegetation in Chott Zehrez Lake of Djelfa (Algeria)

Mediterranean large lakes play an important role in providing a range of ecosystem functions and supporting biodiversity. The conservation and management of these lakes require more detailed knowledge of their ecology and environment-vegetation relationships. Chotts are probably the most poorly understood lake ecosystems. Chott Zehrez (Djelfa) as a large, shallow lake ecosystem in Algerian steppes, where wetlands are important part of their productivity. Despite the status of chott Zehrez lake as a Ramsar site, the main threat to its conservation is the private nature of surrounding land holdings in addition to the lack of knowledge and awareness by the local population of the importance of lake ecosystems. A wealth of halophytic flora exists which can be exploited for an array of uses like fodder, fuel wood, oilseed, medicines, landscaping, and environment conservation through carbon sequestration. A total 112 species belonging to 26 families and 39 genera were recorded. The sabkha flora includes 9 endangered and endemic species such as Avena bromoides, Cutandia divaricata, Herniaria mauritanica and Salicornia arabica. In this paper we mainly discussed characteristics and importance of Chott Zehrez lake ecosystem, its vegetation potentialities and economic usages will be also presented and discussed. Finally conservation strategy and restoration of this ecosystem are suggested.
Biocontrol potential of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae on cucurbit fly, Dacus ciliatus (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) from the families Steinernematidae and Hererorhabditidae are considered excellent biological control agents against many insects that damage the roots of crops. In a regional survey, native EPNs were isolated, and laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the infectivity of EPNs against the cucurbit fly, Dacus ciliatus Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Preliminary experiments showed high virulence by a native strain of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) and a commercial strain of Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). These two strains were employed for further analysis while another native species, Steinernema feltiae, was excluded due to low virulence. In laboratory experiments, larvae and adult flies were susceptible to nematode infection, but both nematode species induced low mortality on pupae. S. carpocapsae had a significantly lower LC50 value against larvae than H. bacteriophora in filter paper assays. Both species of EPNs were effective against adult flies but S. carpocapsae caused higher adult mortality. When EPN species were applied to naturally infested fruit (150 and 300 IJs/cm2), the mortality rates of D. ciliatus larvae were 28% for S. carpocapsae and 12% for H. bacteriophora. Both EPN strains successfully reproduced and emerged from larvae of D. ciliates. In a greenhouse experiment, H. bacteriophora and S. carpocapsae had similar effects on fly larvae. Higher rates of larval mortality were observed in sandy loam and sand soils than in clay loam. The efficacy of S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora was higher at 25 and 30°C than at 19°C. The results indicated that S. carpocapsae had the best potential as a biocontrol agent of D. ciliatus, based on its higher virulence and better ability to locate the fly larvae within infected fruits.