Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nerve Stimulator–guided Paravertebral Blockade Combined with Sevoflurane Sedation versus General Anesthesia with Systemic Analgesia for Postherniorrhaphy Pain Relief in Children: A Prospective Randomized Trial

Background:Improvement of the duration of postoperative analgesia is desirable in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair. Methods:Fifty children aged 5–12 yr were prospectively randomized to receive either paravertebral nerve blockade or general anesthesia (sevoflurane–fentanyl–nitrous oxide–oxygen) combined with standardized postoperative systemic analgesia, both combined with light sevoflurane anesthesia, for inguinal hernia repair. Results:Mean pain scores were significantly lower in paravertebral nerve blockade patients compared with patients treated with systemic analgesia during the entire 48-h observational period (P < 0.05). Analgesic consumption was significantly higher in the systemic analgesia group (88%) compared with the paravertebral nerve blockade group (32%) (P < 0.001). Parental satisfaction was significantly higher (80 vs. 48%; P < 0.05) and same-day discharge was possible in a higher proportion of patients in the paravertebral blockade group (80% vs. 52%; P < 0.05). Conclusions:Paravertebral nerve blockade was associated with improved postoperative pain relief; reduced analgesic consumption, and faster hospital discharge compared with a systemic analgesia protocol in children undergoing herniorrhaphy.
Salvage of Failed Femoral Megaprostheses with Allograft Prosthesis Composites

The records of 11 consecutive adult patients who underwent revision of a failed femoral megaprosthesis (aseptic loosening, nine; periprosthetic fracture, one; and prosthesis fracture, one) to an allograft prosthesis composite were reviewed retrospectively. Complications included radiographic component subsidence in two patients (18%), hip instability in three patients (27%), deep infection in two patients (18%), and allograft fractures in two patients (18%). Five patients (45%) required subsequent reoperations; four patients underwent removal of the allograft prosthesis composite at a mean of 16 months (range, 5-41 months) and one patient (9%) with hip instability underwent revision of the failed megaprosthesis to a constrained acetabulum. Reconstruction of a failed femoral megaprosthesis is a complex problem caused by extensive bone loss and violation of soft tissue attachments. Despite a high complication rate, six patients (55%) remained ambulatory and had mild or no pain at a mean followup exceeding 5.5 years.
Interstitial cells of Cajal and telocytes in the gut: twins, related or simply neighbor cells?

Abstract In the interstitium of the connective tissue several types of cells occur. The fibroblasts, responsible for matrix formation, the mast cells, involved in local response to inflammatory stimuli, resident macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes, all engaged in immunity responses. Recently, another type of interstitial cell, found in all organs so far examined, has been added to the previous ones, the telocytes (TC). In the gut, in addition to the cells listed above, there are also the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), a peculiar type of cell exclusively detected in the alimentary tract with multiple functions including pace-maker activity. The possibility that TC and ICC could correspond to a unique cell type, where the former would represent an ICC variant outside the gut, was initially considered, however, further studies have clearly shown that ICC and TC are two distinct types of cells. In the gut, while the features and the roles of the ICC are established, part of the scientific community is still disputing these ‘new’ interstitial cells to which several names such as fibroblast-like cells (FLCs), interstitial Cajal-like cells or, most recently, PDGFRα+ cells have been attributed. This review will detail the main features and roles of the TC and ICC with the aim to establish their relationships and hopefully define the identity of the TC in the gut.
Technological revolutions and speculative finance: evidence from the British Bicycle Mania

Technological revolutions are often accompanied by substantial stock price reversals, but previous literature has produced competing explanations for why this is the case. This paper brings new evidence to this debate using data from the innovation-driven British Bicycle Mania of 1895-1900, in which cycle share prices rose by over 200 per cent before collapsing by more than 75 per cent. These price patterns are not fully explained by fundamentals or by changes in the nature of risk associated with cycle shares. Instead, the evidence from the Bicycle Mania supports the hypothesis of Perez (2009), who argues that new technology, high short-term profits, and loose monetary conditions increase the level of speculative investment, "decoupling" share prices from fundamentals.
Proteomic characterization of wheat amyloplasts using identification of proteins by tandem mass spectrometry

We describe the initial characterization of the wheat amyloplast proteome, consisting of the identification and classification of 171 proteins. Whole amyloplasts and purified amyloplast membranes were prepared from wheat (Triticum aestivum). Protein extracts were examined by one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional electrophoresis, followed by high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry of separated proteins. Tandem mass spectrometry data of individual peptides was then searched by SEQUEST, using a database containing known protein sequences from both wheat and other homologous cereal crops. Using this approach we identified 108 proteins from whole amyloplasts and 63 proteins from purified amyloplast membranes. The majority of protein identifications were derived from protein sequences from cereal crops other than wheat, for which relatively little gene sequence data is available. The highest percentage of protein identifications obtained from any individual species was 46% of the total number of proteins identified, using sequence data found in our proprietary rice (Oryza sativa) genome database.
The effect of oral non-absorbable antibiotics on the emergence of resistant bacteria in patients in an intensive care unit.

Critically ill patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit since 1982 have been treated prophylactically with oral non-absorbable antibiotics combined with parenteral cefotaxime. A mixture of polymyxin E, tobramycin and amphotericin B has been administered via a nasogastric tube and also applied topically to the buccal mucosa. This regimen has proven to be highly effective in reducing the infection rate. The present study evaluated the occurrence of resistant bacteria with this regimen during a 30-month period, in 164 patients with multiple trauma. No increase in the percentage of patients with acquired drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli was found during this period. Colonization of the oral cavity and/or gastro-intestinal canal by polymyxin E-resistant strains (invariably Proteus spp.) occurred in 8% of patients, and by tobramycin-resistant bacilli (Escherichia coli or Acinetobacter or Pseudomonas spp.) in 4%. Intestinal colonization with cefotaxime-resistant strains (e.g. Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter or Enterobacter spp.) was observed in 17 patients (10%). Of these strains 82% were eliminated within one week by the oral non-absorbable antibiotics. Colonization of the respiratory tract, urinary tract or wounds with cefotaxime-resistant Gram-negative bacilli occurred in only three patients (2%).
Improved sub-seasonal meteorological forecast skill using weighted multi-model ensemble simulations

Sub-seasonal to seasonal weather and hydrological forecasts have the potential to provide vital information for a variety of water-related decision makers. Here, we investigate the skill of four sub-seasonal forecast models from phase-2 of the North American Multi-Model Ensemble using reforecasts for the period 1982–2012. Two weighted multi-model ensemble means from the models have been developed for predictions of both sub-seasonal precipitation and temperature. By combining models through optimal weights, the multi-model forecast skill is significantly improved compared to a ‘standard’ equally weighted multi-model forecast mean. We show that optimal model weights are robust and the forecast skill is maintained for increased length of time and regions with a low initial forecast skill show significant skill after optimal weighting of the individual model forecast. The sub-seasonal model forecasts models show high skill over the tropics, approximating their skill at monthly resolution. Using the weighted approach, a significant increase is found in the forecast skill for dry, wet, cold and warm extreme events. The weighted mean approach brings significant advances to sub-seasonal forecasting due to its reduced uncertainty in the forecasts with a gain in forecast skill. This significantly improves their value for end-user applications and our ability to use them to prepare for upcoming extreme conditions, like floods and droughts.
An internal open reading frame triggers nonsense‐mediated decay of the yeast SPT10 mRNA

Yeast cells containing a temperature‐sensitive mutation in the PRT1 gene were found to selectively stabilize mRNAs harboring early nonsense codons. The similarities between the mRNA decay phenotypes of prt1‐1 cells and those lacking the nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) factor Upf1p led us to determine whether both types of mutations cause the accumulation of the same mRNAs. Differential display analysis and mRNA half‐life measurements demonstrated that the HHF2 mRNA increased in abundance in prt1‐1 and upf1Δ cells, but did not manifest a change in decay rate. In both mutant strains this increase was attributable to stabilization of the SPT10 transcript, an mRNA encoding a transcriptional regulator of HHF2. Analyses of chimeric mRNAs used to identify the cis‐acting basis for NMD of the SPT10 mRNA indicated that ribosomes scan beyond its initiator AUG and initiate at the next downstream AUG, resulting in premature translation termination. By searching a yeast database for transcripts with sequence features similar to those of the SPT10 mRNA, other transcripts that decay by the NMD pathway were identified. Our results demonstrate that mRNAs undergoing leaky scanning are a new class of endogenous NMD substrate, and suggest the existence of a novel cellular regulatory circuit.
Phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity of glycopeptide resistance determinants in gram-positive bacteria

Gram-positive glycopeptide-resistant bacteria isolated in various hospitals in Europe and in the United States between 1986 and 1988 were collected. Three resistance phenotypes could be distinguished. Thirty-one enterococci were highly resistant to vancomycin and teicoplanin. Resistance was transferable to other enterococci by conjugation for 16 of the 22 isolates that were tested. Homology was detected by hybridization between a probe specific for the vanA gene, which encodes an inducible high-level glycopeptide resistance protein in Enterococcus faecium BM4147, and DNA of the 31 clinical isolates and the 16 corresponding transconjugants. This indicates that a single class of resistance determinants accounts for high-level glycopeptide resistance in enterococci. The strains differed in their biotypes and resistance phenotypes and harbored resistance plasmids of various sizes, suggesting that spread of this resistance phenotype is due to dissemination of a gene rather than of a bacterial clone or of a single plasmid. Four enterococcal isolates were resistant to low levels of vancomycin and susceptible to teicoplanin. Twenty-three coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates were resistant to teicoplanin and susceptible to vancomycin. These two groups of strains did not hybridize with the vanA probe and did not transfer resistance at a detectable frequency. The vanA gene was not detected in the glycopeptide-producing strains of Amycolatopsis orientalis (vancomycin) and Actinoplanes teichomyceticus (teicoplanin) or in various gram-positive bacteria intrinsically resistant to glycopeptides.
Evolving social responsibility understandings, motivations, and career goals of undergraduate students initially pursuing engineering degrees

Engineering students must learn how to act on their responsibility to society during their education. At present, however, it is unknown what students think about the meaning of socially responsible engineering. This paper synthesizes three years of longitudinal interviews with engineering students as they progressed through college. The interviews revolved broadly around how students saw the connections between engineering and social responsibility, and what influenced these ideas. Using the Weidman Input-Environment-Output model as a framework, this research found that influences included required classes such as engineering ethics and some technical courses, pre-college volunteering and familial values, co-curricular groups such as Engineers Without Borders and the Society of Women Engineers, as well as professional experiences through internships. Further, some additional experiences such as technical courses and engineering internships contributed to confine students’ understanding of an engineer’s social responsibility. Overall, students who stayed in engineering tended to converge on basic responsibilities such as safety and bettering society as a whole, but less concerned with improving the lives of the marginalized and disadvantaged. Company loyalty also became important for some students. These results have valuable, transferable contributions, providing guidance to foster students’ ideas on socially responsible engineering.
The Use of Urinary Albumin‐Creatinine Ratios and Calcium‐Creatinine Ratios as Screening Tests for Pregnancy‐Induced Hypertension

Objective: To assess the potential of both urinary albumincreatinine ratios and urinary calcium‐creatinine ratios as screening tests for pregnancy‐induced hypertension. Methods: A prospective, non‐interventional study was performed in a teaching hospital antenatal clinic. Five hundred normotensive, nulliparous pregnant women provided a urine sample at 19 weeks' gestation. The main outcome measurements were the development of pregnancy‐induced hypertension and preeclampsia. Results: No significant differences in urinary albumin/ creatinine and calcium/creatinine were demonstrated between patients who developed pregnancy‐induced hypertension and those who remained normotensive. Urinary creatinine concentrations were significantly higher at 19 weeks' gestation in patients who subsequently developed pregnancy‐induced hypertension. Conclusions: This study suggests that neither urinary ratio is a potential screening test for pregnancy‐induced hypertension. The increased urinary creatinine concentration in patients who subsequently developed pregnancyinduced hypertension has not previously been reported and merits further investigation. (Obstet Gynecol 1994;83: 745‐9)
Branded reality : the rise of embedded branding ('branded content') : implications for the cultural public sphere

This thesis explores the rise of embedded branding (‘branded content’) since the early 2000s, a funding model in which sponsors are integrated into media content. It examines its implications for the functioning of the media as a cultural public sphere. Located within the political economy approach, the research takes a critical perspective, arguing that ‘branded content’ is, in Habermasian terms, an act of manipulation. Two case studies of British and Israeli reality television shows were used to explore three questions: 1. How does the ‘branded content’ market work? 2. Are we witnessing a new phase of content commercialisation and if so, what are its characteristics? 3. What are the implications for the media’s functioning as a cultural public sphere and, consequently, how should regulators and policy makers cope with the phenomenon? The findings uncover a niche market in which branded content agents facilitate formal agreements between sponsors and producers. As both sides have the need to look for alternative funding models in a growingly fragmented reality, these co-operations typically start as ‘synergetic’, however their implementation often becomes rife with conflict. The data further suggests sponsors influence media content in two key ways. First, through ‘deep integration’: brands appearing through abstract and surreptitious representations in programming (rather than ‘classic’ product placement). Second, through ‘continuous integration’: the tendency of these agreements to encompass multiple platforms, and predominantly the Internet, which enables personal data collection. Embedded branding therefore should be seen as a new commercialisation phase, typical of the digital age, in which brands gain omnipresence in the cultural public sphere. The two main potential harms caused by these developments are first, the saturation of the media with manipulative messages by sponsors, which distorts the editorial process and threatens freedom of expression. The second relates to the gradual loss of audience trust in the media as a platform for public debate, which is the gravest threat ‘branded content’ presents to the role of the media in democracies.
Child Care Subsidies, Quality, and Optimal Income Taxation

We study child care subsidies in a Mirrleesian optimal tax framework where parents choose both the quantity and quality of child care. Child care services not only enable parents to work, but also contribute to children’s human capital. We examine the conditions under which child care expenditures should be encouraged or discouraged by the tax system under different assumptions regarding the available policy instruments. Using a quantitative model calibrated to the US economy, we illustrate the possibility that child care expenditures should be taxed rather than subsidized, and we discuss the merits of public provision schemes for child care. (JEL H21, H24, H41, J13)
Effect of Time-of-Day-Specific Strength Training on Muscular Hypertrophy in Men

Sedliak, M, Finni, T, Cheng, S, Lind, M, and Häkkinen, K. Effect of time-of-day-specific strength training on muscular hypertrophy in men. J Strength Cond Res 23(9): 2451-2457, 2009-The purpose of the present study was to examine effects of time-of-day-specific strength training on muscle hypertrophy and maximal strength in men. A training group underwent a 10-week preparatory training (wk 0-wk 10) scheduled between 17:00 and 19:00 hours. Thereafter, the subjects were randomized either to a morning or afternoon training group. They continued with a 10-week time-of-day-specific training (wk 11-wk 20) with training times between 07:00 and 09:00 hours and 17:00 and 19:00 hours in the morning group and afternoon groups, respectively. A control group did not train but was tested at all occasions. Quadriceps femoris (QF) cross-sectional areas (CSA) and volume were obtained by magnetic resonance imaging scan at week 10 and 20. Maximum voluntary isometric strength during unilateral knee extensions and half-squat 1 repetition maximum (1RM) were tested at week 0, 10, and 20 at a randomly given time of day between 09:00 and 16:00 hours. The QF average CSA and volume increased significantly (p < 0.001) in both the morning and afternoon training groups by 2.7% and 3.5%, respectively. The 0.8% difference between the training groups was not significant. The entire 20-week training period resulted in significant increases in maximum voluntary contraction and 1RM of similar magnitude in both training groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively) as compared with the control group. In conclusion, 10 weeks of strength training performed either in the morning or in the afternoon resulted in significant increases in QF muscle size. The magnitude of muscular hypertrophy did not statistically differ between the morning and afternoon training times. From a practical point of view, strength training in the morning and afternoon hours can be similarly efficient when aiming for muscle hypertrophy over a shorter period of time (<3 mo).
Catheter-Directed Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Modern Literature

We summarize the evidence for the safety and efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) with and without ultrasound-assisted therapy for treating submassive and massive pulmonary embolism (PE) in a systematic review. The primary efficacy outcome was mortality. Outcomes were pooled across studies with the random-effects model. Twenty-four studies enrolled 700 patients in total; 653 received mechanical thromboembolectomy treatments for PE (mortality rate, 9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 6%-13%], P = . 12; rate of minor complications, 6% [95% CI, 2%-13%]). In the ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis (USAT) studies, the mortality rate was 4% (95% CI, 1%-11%) and in the non-USAT studies, it was 9% (95% CI, 6%-13%). Secondary safety outcomes were all bleeding events, which occurred in 12% (95% CI, 7%-20%) of the USAT studies and in 10% (95% CI, 5%-20%) of the non-USAT studies. Current clinical evidence does not prove USAT is superior over CDT methods.
Mass Media and Interpersonal Communication Development's Role in Households Behavior Electricity Conservation Issue

The research type of study quantitative to investigates the impact of media exposure and interpersonal communication about the save energy electricity save issue on the energy consumption for household in Indonesia. The main purpose of this research to examine media exposure and interpersonal communication on household behaviour to reduce the energy consumption. The focus of the research is Depok Municipality, Indonesia. The energy savings are not the norm among household in Indonesian society.The results confirmed that there was no relationship between the mass media exposure and household's behaviour to save electricity. The results of research finding that there was direct impact of interpersonal communication on household behaviour to save electricity. This is of particular interest in Depok, where save electricity has been seen almost exclusively in terms of technological measures, and these have been almost fully exploited. Behavioral save electricity would therefore seem to be the way to go, but lifestyle changes will not come easily to household in Depok. In turn, discussion of the save of electricity with a partner strongly influenced the household behaviour to save electricity in the future. Interpersonal communication had limited coverage, but they had a stronger impact than the mass media on an household's behavior to save electricity. Although mass media campaigns do not have as strong an impact on a particular household's behavior to save electricity as do interpersonal communication, such campaigns have a substantial impact at the population level because of their considerably greater reach. Currently, they are either unable to modify their save electricity lifestyles because of the low price of electricity, the lack of adequate their knowledge of environmental problems. To achieve any behavioral change, the price of electricity must be increased in the residential sector. Such an increase would be politically unpopular. The mass media content also pointed to a lack of information how to save lectricity available to the public. Also, a more identifiable link should be drawn between save electricity and the environment by, for example, increasing information dissemination in both the mass media and the interpersonal communication forums.