Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiences with workplace bullying among athletic trainers in the collegiate setting.

CONTEXT Workplace bullying (WPB) is a series of persistent negative interactions that affect a clinician's ability to perform his or her role. Although WPB has been studied in other health professions, to date, no information exists pertaining to WPB in athletic training. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of WPB in the collegiate setting and examine factors that influence its occurrence. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Collegiate setting. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS There were 723 (329 female, 394 male) athletic trainers (ATs) aged 37.5 ± 10.4 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) We collected data via the validated and reliable online Athletic Training Environment Survey. Descriptive statistics were obtained to determine a bullying score for each AT and examine the prevalence of WPB. Chi-square analyses were performed to examine the differences between (1) sex, (2) academic degree level, (3) employment title, and (4) National Athletic Trainers' Association district. RESULTS A total of 106 participants (14.7%) had a score of 2 or higher, indicating they were bullied in the athletic training setting. Of those bullied, 47 (44.3%) were women and 59 (55.7%) were men. There was no difference between women and men with respect to having experienced bullying (χ(2)1 = 0.068, P = . 794). Moreover, no difference existed in the prevalence of bullying among ATs holding various degrees (χ(2)3 = 6.73, P = . 081) or among ATs holding various titles within an organization (χ(2)5 = 3.55, P = . 616). More (χ(2)1 = 23.77, P = < . 001) perpetrators were male (74.2%, n = 75) than female (25.8%, n = 26); of these, 38.2% (n = 39) were coaches, 17.6% (n = 18) were supervisory ATs, and 8.8% (n = 9) were coworker ATs. CONCLUSIONS Bullying was experienced by both male and female ATs in the collegiate setting, and a higher number of bullies were male. More research is necessary to explore WPB in other work settings.
Mom, Dad, I'm Straight: The Coming Out of Gender Ideologies in Adolescent Sexual-Identity Development

Little attention has been given to how femininity and masculinity ideologies impact sexual-identity development. Differentiating violations of conventional femininity and masculinity ideologies as part of an overt process of sexual-identity development in sexual-minority adolescents suggested the possibility of a parallel process among heterosexual adolescents. Based on feminist theory and analysis of heterosexual adolescents narratives about relationships, the importance of negotiating femininity and masculinity ideologies as part of sexual-identity development for all adolescents is described.
Characterization of NbN/AlN/NbN tunnel junctions

We report on tunneling properties and interface structures for high-quality NbN/AlN/NbN tunnel junctions fabricated on ambient temperature MgO substrates. Junction quality and electrical parameters were systematically investigated in a very wide range for current density. The junctions show a very good junction quality with a high gap voltage, large I/sub c/R/sub N/ product, and large R/sub sg//R/sub N/ ratio as the current density varied from 100 A/cm/sup 2/ to above 100 kA/cm/sup 2/. The average barrier heights of the NbN/AlN/NbN tunnel junctions are calculated from the barrier thickness dependence of the critical current density. We found that the current density has two distinct types of dependency on the AlN barrier thickness, corresponding to two average barrier heights in different regions for the current density.
Assessing Physical Activity in Children With Asthma

Convergent validity of accelerometer and electronic diary physical activity data was assessed in children with asthma. Sixty-two participants, ages 9–18 years, wore an accelerometer and reported their physical activity level in quarter-hour segments every 2 hr using the Ambulatory Diary Assessment (ADA). Moderate validity was found between physical activity data from accelerometers and ADA (average individual participant Spearman r = .48, SD = 0.13). Within-participant accelerometer estimates for ADA sleep, rest, and light activity were different from each other and from higher activity (mixed model p < .0001), but moderate did not differ from strenuous activity (p = .70). Moderate validity between accelerometer and electronic diary data supports the use of ADA with short-term recall to capture gross changes in daily activity.
A Wideband High-Gain High-Efficiency Hybrid Integrated Plate Array Antenna for V-Band Inter-Satellite Links

A wideband high-gain high-efficiency hybrid integrated plate array antenna for inter-satellite links is presented in this paper. This antenna consists of microstrip patches, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and waveguide power dividers. A novel feeding structure is proposed to excite the microstrip sub-array with a wideband characteristic. The radiation efficiency of SIW arrays with different sizes is compared by experiment. The hybrid SIW-waveguide feeding topology is optimized to realize high efficiency, low cost and compact configuration at the same time. The array antenna is fabricated through standard multi-layer PCB process and milling technology. Measured results demonstrate about 14.6% of reflection coefficient bandwidth ( |S11|<;-10 dB) in the frequency band of 57-66 GHz. The gain fluctuates less than 3 dB within the same band. The 1 dB gain bandwidth is 8.1% within the frequency band of 59-64 GHz. The maximum gain is 39.2 dBi at 59 GHz with the efficiency of 41%.
Ecotourists’ motivation and its relation to the ecotourism’s principles

The definition of ecotourism and ecotourists became a matter of debate among researchers. Moreover, such aspects as ecotourists’ motivation and behaviour are frequently criticized by scholars, who claim that they contradict to principles of sustainability and are not environmentally friendly. Nevertheless, in terms of lacking definition, the concept of ecotourism is reflected by its principles, which are considered by researches as a sustainable basis for this tourism form. In this occasion, the consumers of ecotourism industry are recognized as the tourists, who reflect the ecotourism’s principles at all stages of the travel. Thus, ecotourists’ behavior, preferences and decision regarding the trip should correspond to the ecotourism’s principles. All these characteristics are determined by tourists’ motivation as it is a base which stimulates people to make certain decision (Pearce et al., 1998). Thereby, to consider travelers as ecotourists, their motivation to travel and to behave in a certain way during the trip should be based on ecotourism’s principles. The present thesis examines the ecotourist’s motivation to be involved in ecotours and to behave in a certain way during the trip with the purpose to define whether their motivation corresponds to the theoretical principles of ecotourism or not. The study is focused on those tourists who identify themselves as ecotourist. The research was conducted using quantitative methodology. The tourists’ motivation was defined using online questionnaire. This study is not limited in space. Thus, it investigates general ecotourists’ motivation without focusing on regional features. As a result of this research it was revealed that the vast majority of self-identified ecotourists are driven by personal motives, especially when it comes to motivation to behave in a certain way during the tour. Nevertheless, in some cases the personal tourists’ motives coincide with the ecotourism’s principles and one quarter of tourists are strongly motivated be ecotourism’s principles when participating in ecotrip. The findings of this research can be included to the broader studies of ecotourists’ motivation, as well as it can be used for further researches aimed to determine the criteria for identifying the consumers of ecotourism and to verify the applicability of respondents-based approach to define the ecotourists.
Cardiovascular risk factors and menstrual cycle phase in pre-menopausal women.

BACKGROUND Exogenous estrogens have been shown to affect markers of cardiovascular risk in women. AIM The objective of this study was to determine the effect of menstrual cycle phase on markers of cardiovascular risk in young, healthy women with regular menstrual cycles. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This prospective cohort study examined 20 healthy pre-menopausal women at 2 time-points in the menstrual cycle, in early follicular phase and early luteal phase. RESULTS In the early luteal phase, levels of estrogen, progesterone, LH, total cholesterol, and HDL were significantly higher, compared with the early follicular phase. In contrast, there were no significant differences in LDL or triglyceride levels between the 2 phases. Furthermore, there were no significant effects of menstrual cycle phase on glycemic indices (fasting blood glucose, glycohemoglobin or homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance), markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, soluble CD40 ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, or adiponectin), or vascular function, as measured by brachial artery reactivity. CONCLUSIONS Although menstrual cycle phase affects total cholesterol and HDL levels, it does not affect other markers of cardiovascular risk in young women with regular menstrual cycles.
Energy at work: A measurement validation and linkage to unit effectiveness.

Summary We introduce the notion that the energy of individuals can manifest as a higher‐level, collective construct. To this end, we conducted four independent studies to investigate the viability and importance of the collective energy construct as assessed by a new survey instrument—the productive energy measure (PEM). Study 1 (n=2208) included exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to explore the underlying factor structure of PEM. Study 2 (n=660) cross‐validated the same factor structure in an independent sample. In study 3, we administered the PEM to more than 5000 employees from 145 departments located in five countries. Results from measurement invariance, statistical aggregation, convergent, and discriminant‐validity assessments offered additional support for the construct validity of PEM. In terms of predictive and incremental validity, the PEM was positively associated with three collective attitudes—units’ commitment to goals, the organization, and overall satisfaction. In study 4, we explored the relationship between the productive energy of firms and their overall performance. Using data from 92 firms (n=5939employees), we found a positive relationship between the PEM (aggregated to the firm level) and the performance of those firms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic evidence for dispersal by both sexes in the Central American Squirrel Monkey, Saimiri oerstedii citrinellus

Sex‐biased dispersal (SBD) is common in many vertebrates, including primates. However, dispersal patterns in New World primates may vary among closely related taxa or populations in different local environments. Here, we test for SBD in an endangered New World primate, the Central American Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri oerstedii citrinellus). Previous studies of behavioral ecology suggest predominantly female dispersal in S.o. oerstedii in the Southern Pacific region of Costa Rica. However, our genetic data do not support strongly female‐biased dispersal in S.o. citrinellus in the Central Pacific region. Our tests for SBD using microsatellite data including comparisons of isolation‐by‐distance, AIc, and FST values between males and females were not significant. Also, we found greater population genetic structure in mitochondrial markers than in microsatellite markers, indicative of predominantly male dispersal. We conclude that both sexes disperse in S.o. citrinellus, and that males probably disperse over longer distances. We discuss how spatial and temporal variation among local populations should be taken into account when studying dispersal patterns and especially sex bias. Am. J. Primatol. 74:37–47, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Triviality for restrictor conditionals

I present two Triviality results for Kratzer's standard “restrictor” analysis of indicative conditionals (while also clarifying the sense in which Kratzer's semantics might avoid such results). I both refine and undermine the common claim that problems of Triviality do not arise for Kratzer conditionals since they are not strictly conditionals at all.
SIX PLANETS ORBITING HD 219134

We present new, high-precision Doppler radial velocity (RV) data sets for the nearby K3V star HD 219134. The data include 175 velocities obtained with the HIRES Spectrograph at the Keck I Telescope and 101 velocities obtained with the Levy Spectrograph at the Automated Planet Finder Telescope at Lick Observatory. Our observations reveal six new planetary candidates, with orbital periods of P = 3.1, 6.8, 22.8, 46.7, 94.2, and 2247 days, spanning masses of  sin i = 3.8 , ? > 3.5, 8.9, 21.3, 10.8, and 108  ⨁ ? > , respectively. Our analysis indicates that the outermost signal is unlikely to be an artifact induced by stellar activity. In addition, several years of precision photometry with the T10 0.8 m automatic photometric telescope at Fairborn Observatory demonstrated a lack of brightness variability to a limit of ∼0.0002 mag, providing strong support for planetary-reflex motion as the source of the RV variations. The HD 219134 system with its bright (V = 5.6) primary provides an excellent opportunity to obtain detailed orbital characterization (and potentially follow-up observations) of a planetary system that resembles many of the multiple-planet systems detected by Kepler, which are expected to be detected by NASA’s forthcoming TESS Mission and by ESA’s forthcoming PLATO Mission.
DETERMINATION OF THE NUMBER OF FETUSES IN SHEEP BY MEANS OF BLOOD PROGESTERONE ASSAY AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY

S. YOTOV Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Reproductive Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria Summary Yotov, S. , 2007. Determination of the number of fetuses in sheep by means of blood pro-gesterone assay and ultrasonography. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 10 , No 3, 185 −193.
Environmental Equity and Pesticide Exposure

Although people of color and low-income groups bear a disproportionate share of the health risks from exposure to pesticides, research attention has been meager, and data on acute and chronic health effects related to their toxic exposures are generally lacking. Increased resources are needed both to study this issue and to mitigate problems already identified. People of color should be a major research focus, with priority on long-term effects, particularly cancer, neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral effects, long-term neurological dysfunction, and reproductive outcome. Suitable populations at high risk that have not been studied include noncertified pesticide applicators and seasonal and migrant farm workers, including children.
Safety and Efficacy of Tigecycline in Treatment of Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Results of a Double-Blind Phase 3 Comparison Study with Vancomycin-Aztreonam

ABSTRACT In a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, 546 patients with complicated skin and skin structure infections received tigecycline 100 mg/day (a 100-mg initial dose and then 50 mg intravenously twice daily) or the combination of vancomycin 2 g/day (1 g intravenously twice daily) and aztreonam 4 g/day (2 g intravenously twice daily) for up to 14 days. The primary end point was the clinical response in the clinical modified intent-to-treat (c-mITT) and clinically evaluable (CE) populations at the test-of-cure visit 12 to 92 days after the last dose. The microbiologic response at the test-of-cure visit was also assessed. Safety was assessed by physical examination, laboratory results, and adverse event reporting. Five hundred twenty patients were included in the c-mITT population (tigecycline group, n = 261; combination group, n = 259), and 436 were clinically evaluable (tigecycline group, n = 223; combination group, n = 213). The clinical responses in the tigecycline and the combination vancomycin and aztreonam groups were similar in the c-mITT population (84.3% versus 86.9%; difference, −2.6% [95% confidence interval, −9.0, 3.8]; P = 0.4755) and the CE population (89.7% versus 94.4%; difference, −4.7% [95% confidence interval, −10.2, 0.8]; P = 0.1015). Microbiologic eradication (documented or presumed) occurred in 84.8% of the patients receiving tigecycline and 93.2% of the patients receiving vancomycin and aztreonam (difference, −8.5 [95% confidence interval, −16.0, −1.0]; P = 0.0243). The numbers of patients reporting adverse events were similar in the two groups, with increased nausea and vomiting rates in the tigecycline group and an increased incidence of rash and increases in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in the combination vancomycin and aztreonam group. Tigecycline was shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
Optimal Stimulation Parameters to Detect Deficits in Quadriceps Voluntary Activation

Abstract Grindstaff, TL and Threlkeld, AJ. Optimal stimulation parameters to detect deficits in quadriceps voluntary activation. J Strength Cond Res 28(2): 381–389, 2014—The purpose of this study was to determine optimal stimulation parameters and calculation methods to estimate quadriceps voluntary activation while minimizing participant discomfort. Twelve healthy adults (8 men and 4 women; mean ± SD, age = 36.8 ± 15.6 years, weight = 76.1 ± 12.9 kg, height = 170.2 ± 8.6 cm). Repeated maximal volitional isometric contractions (MVIC) were performed while imposing 4 stimulation combinations (10 or 2 pulses; 400 or 200 V; and variable or standardized current) with the quadriceps in a relaxed state (resting twitch [RT]) and during an MVIC. Quadriceps activation was quantified by calculating the central activation ratio and the percent activation. Discomfort was quantified using the visual analog scale. When comparing calculation methods between the same stimulation parameters, the central activation ratio calculation method produced quadriceps activation values that were significantly greater (p < 0.009) than those derived using the percent activation calculation method. The doublet pulse stimulus produced less discomfort during the RT (p < 0.04) and MVIC (p < 0.001) when compared with all other combinations using a train of stimuli (10 pulses). Correlations for all estimates of quadriceps activation were strong (r = 0.85–0.99, p < 0.001). A doublet pulse stimulus produced discomfort levels that were over 50% lower than a 10-pulse train of stimuli and correlated well (r > 0.88) with activation levels obtained with a 10-pulse train of stimuli. Therefore, the use of a doublet pulse stimulus provides quadriceps activation information equivalent to other methods while minimizing participant discomfort.
Ideology and Taxation in Latin America

This paper examines the impact of ideology on tax revenues in Latin America, using a panel of seventeen countries from 1990 to 2010. As a first approach, a fixed-effects model is used to identify the impact of government ideology on taxation; left-leaning governments are associated with increases in total tax revenues and income tax revenues of 2.2 and 1.3 percent of GDP, respectively. There is no effect on revenues from VAT or social security taxes. To deal with endogeneity problems, an event study methodology is used to track the behavior of revenues around the time of the shifts to the left. A comparison of revenues immediately before and after the shift in government ideology shows that revenues and income tax revenues increase by 1.3 and 0.8 percent of GDP.
APOE ε4 ALLELE IS ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

APOE 4 ALLELE IS ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS To the Editor: I read with interest the article by Shi et al. describing the association of cognitive decline in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with APOE 4 allele.1 A 2003 study by Enzinger et al. reported the reduction in N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels in patients with MS with the APOE 4 allele.2 At that time, I questioned whether or not data correlating cognitive decline and reduced NAA levels in MS were available, given the well-known association between the two in a variety of neurologic disorders.3 Unfortunately, data were not available.4 Now that there is a correlation in MS between APOE 4 and cognitive decline and between reduced NAA and cognitive decline, do we now have data correlating all three in one cohort, namely APOE 4, NAA, and cognitive decline?
Calcium sensitizing action of carnosine and other endogenous imidazoles in chemically skinned striated muscle.

1. The imidazole‐containing compounds carnosine and homocarnosine, endogenous to skeletal and cardiac muscle, have been tested for effect on the contractile behaviour of chemically skinned (saponin or Triton X‐100) skeletal and cardiac muscle. 2. Carnosine, at millimolar concentrations which are near physiological for many skeletal fibres, and in a concentration‐dependent fashion, shifts the curve relating [Ca2+] to steady‐state tension to lower [Ca2+] in both skeletal (frog but not crab) and cardiac (rat) muscle preparations. 3. Of other imidazoles endogenous to heart, homocarnosine is somewhat more effective, while N‐acetyl L‐histidine is much less so. 4. The maximum level of Ca(2+)‐activated force is increased significantly by homocarnosine in cardiac trabeculae. 5. We propose that the cellular imidazoles related to carnosine are natural ‘Ca2+ sensitizers’ in striated muscle. Alterations in their levels as a result of disease or training, and between different fibre types, may contribute to differences in contractile performance of the intact tissues.
Cytokine Regulation of Facilitated Glucose Transport in Human Articular Chondrocytes1

Glucose serves as the major energy substrate and the main precursor for the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in chondrocytes. Facilitated glucose transport represents the first rate-limiting step in glucose metabolism. This study examines molecular regulation of facilitated glucose transport in normal human articular chondrocytes by proinflammatory cytokines. IL-1β and TNF-α, and to a lesser degree IL-6, accelerate facilitated glucose transport as measured by [3H]2-deoxyglucose uptake. IL-1β induces an increased expression of glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 mRNA and protein, and GLUT9 mRNA. GLUT3 and GLUT8 mRNA are constitutively expressed in chondrocytes and are not regulated by IL-1β. GLUT2 and GLUT4 mRNA are not detected in chondrocytes. IL-1β stimulates GLUT1 protein glycosylation and plasma membrane incorporation. IL-1β regulation of glucose transport in chondrocytes depends on protein kinase C and p38 signal transduction pathways, and does not require phosphoinositide 3-kinase, extracellular signal-related kinase, or c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation. IL-1β-accelerated glucose transport in chondrocytes is not mediated by endogenous NO or eicosanoids. These results demonstrate that stimulation of glucose transport represents a component of the chondrocyte response to IL-1β. Two classes of GLUTs are identified in chondrocytes, constitutively expressed GLUT3 and GLUT8, and the inducible GLUT1 and GLUT9.
Incidence and risk factors of blood splatter in dermatological surgery: how protective are full facial masks?

Blood splatter in dermatological surgery is common, with an estimated incidence of 33% in the operator and 15% in the assistant operator.1 The use of masks with visor has increased in recent years to improve mucocutaneous protection against blood-borne virus transmission. In spite of this, there are no clear recommendations on when to use them and their efficacy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.