Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary supplementation of multi-enzyme complex on the energy utilization in rooster and performance of broiler chicks

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of REAP ® enzyme into corn-soybean diet on the energy utilization in poultry and performance of broiler chicks. In the first experiment, a total of 16 50 weeks adult roosters (ISA-Brown) were divided into 4 groups with 4 birds per replicate and the experimental diets contained the two levels of energy (2650 and 2759 kcal TMEn/kg diet) with 0 or 0.1% REAP ® and were subjected to assay of apparent metabolizable energy (AME). In the second experiment, 360 3 days old male broiler chicks (Ross) were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates of 30 birds per replicate and were assigned at random to one of the four experimental diets containing the two levels of energy (3100 and 2980 kcal TMEn/kg diet) with 0 or 0.1% REAP ® . AME value of the high energy groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the low energy groups when measured at 28 days. The body weight gain of the birds fed the low energy diet with 0% REAP was lower significantly than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in feed intake and feed conversion rate among the treatments. The breast muscle weights of the low energy diet birds were higher than those of the high ones and those of the lower energy group with 0.1% REAP were the highest (p < 0.05). The relative abdominal fat weight was reduced by the dietary REAP (p < 0.05). Percentage duodenum weights of high energy group were higher than those of the low energy group. The intestinal lengths (cm/100 g BW) of low energy diet group without REAP were lower than those of the others (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that, dietary REAP improved body weight gain and reduced abdominal fats. Therefore, it can be concluded that, dietary supplementation of REAP improves nutritive value of corn-soybean diet in the broiler chicks.
Was the Austrian agricultural policy least cost efficient

The study evaluates the efficiency of government intervention using a vertical structured model including imperfectly competitive agricultural input markets, the bread grain market, and the imperfectly competitive food industry. To test for policy efficiency the actually observed bread grain policy is compared to a hypothetical efficient policy. To account for the sensitivity of the results in regard to the model parameter values computer-intensive simulation procedures and surface response functions are utilized.
Identification of Microbial Community in an Anaerobic Reactor Treating Brewery Wastewater

The study of microbial ecology and their function in anaerobic digestion processes are essential to control the biological processes. This is to know the symbiotic relationship between the microorganisms that are involved in the conversion of complex organic matter in the industrial wastewater to simple molecules. In this study, diversity and quantity of bacterial community in the granular sludge taken from the different compartments of a full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating brewery wastewater was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The phylogenetic analysis showed three major eubacteria phyla that belong to Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Chloroflexi in the full-scale UASB reactor, with different groups populating different compartment. The result of qPCR assay showed high amount of eubacteria with increase in concentration along the reactor’s compartment. This study extends our understanding on the diverse, topological distribution and shifts in concentration of microbial communities in the different compartments of a full-scale UASB reactor treating brewery wastewater. The colonization and the trophic interactions among these microbial populations in reducing and transforming complex organic matter within the UASB reactors were established. Keywords—Bacteria, brewery wastewater, real-time quantitative PCR, UASB reactor.
In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activities of the methanol, aqueous and n-hexane extracts of Ocimum lamiifolium from Ethiopia

Ocimum lamiifolium (local name Dama Kesse, Amharic) is a medicinal plant in Ethiopia. Its leaves are squeezed and sniffed to treat coughs and colds. They are also used to treat eye infections and to stop nose bleedings. In the present study, leaves of O. lamiifolium were collected from their growing habitats. Dried leaf powders were extracted using methanol, distilled water and n-hexane. 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml doses of the extracts made in Tween 80 (2%) were screened for their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella boydii using disk diffusion assay. The inhibition zones due to the methanolic extract ranged from 0 (in S. aureus due to 25 mg/ml) to 12 mm (in E. coli due to 100 mg/ml). Inhibition zones due to the aqueous extract ranged from 8 mm in S. aureus and S. boydii to 12 mm in S. boydii at concentrations of 25 and 100 mg/ml, respectively. The n-hexane extract at 25 mg/ml resulted in inhibition zone that ranges from 7 mm (against S. aureus) to 11 mm (against E. coli) at 50 and 100 mg/ml doses. The minimum inhibitory concentration of S. boydii and E. coli was 10 mg/ml due to all the extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentrations on S. aureus were 10, 20 and 50 mg/ml due to the aqueous, n-hexane and methanolic extracts, respectively. P. aeruginosa was minimally inhibited at 10 mg/ml due to the methanol and aqueous extracts and 15 mg/ml due to the n-hexane extract. The methanol, aqueous, and n-hexane extracts of O. lamiifolium leaf extracts inhibited the test bacteria with significantly higher levels of inhibition zones than the negative control (T80). The positive controls (Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol) also showed significantly higher inhibition zones than the 100 mg/ml concentration of the extracts and T80 except that Chloramphenicol failed to inhibit S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. However, combination of Chloramphenicol with plant extracts raised their inhibition zones from zero to 23 and 25 mm in S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively.
Conceptualizing and examining the critical success factors for implementing Islamic banking system towards banking sector of Iran: A mixed method approach

Islamic banking, as a major center for financial transactions in Islamic societies,plays a key role in the development of Islamic economics. The fundamental essenceof Islamic banking system is based on the fact that although, Islam has forbidden theinterest in transactions, but trade and profit is encouraged and supported. The actualimplementation of the Islamic banking system due to its unique features can be thesource of many benefits and advantages for Islamic countries; and it is moresignificant when we recognize that the banking sector is the largest body of Iranianservice sector of economy. However, a significant proportion of the banking systemhas been Islamized in Iran. Therefore, this study seeks to use empirical evidence toconceptualize and examine the critical success factors for the implementation ofIslamic banking system in the banking sector of Iran. To achieve this purpose usingmixed method approach, the research framework has been designed and examined.The required data in the qualitative part of the study were collected after detailedliterature review and research background- through in-depth interviews withbanking executives and academic experts; then the quantitative part of the study forframework examination was conducted using survey. Based on this study's findings,the fitted model of critical success factors (CSFs) for successful implementation ofIslamic banking in the banking sector of Iran is proposed. Finally, both applied andtheoretical recommendations and directions are shown in this study.
Three essays on empirical finance : the alphas and betas Amsterdam : Thela

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Electric Machine Comparison for Mild Hybrid Light Vehicles with Respect to Performance and Thermal Capability

In this thesis, various electric machine topologies have been modeled and optimized according to constraints related to mild hybrid applications. With the assistance of electromagnetic field calculation software using FEM simulations, the performance characteristics as well as thermal capability have been analyzed. By utilizing full vehicle simulations, the machines have been evaluated and the performance quantified when they are implemented in a 48 V mild hybrid system. Moreover, power losses for whole operating regions in various machine components have been specified, which are used as input data for the thermal models. From the thermal model, the temperature distribution within the machines have been determined during continuous operation. In this work, four machine topologies were chosen to be studied: PMSM, SynRM, PMSynRM and IM. A number of operating points relevant to mild hybrid systems were selected to be used as basis for the performance comparison. From the simulations, it was found that the 8-pole PMSM has the highest operating efficiency of 96.9 %. The implemented ferrite magnets of the PMSynRM improve the highest operating efficiency by 1 % and increase the maximum torque by 7 Nm compared to the SynRM. The PMSM and the IM fulfill the cold crank torque requirement, and all machines can be operated at 10 kWcontinuously without exceeding the critical temperature limits. The SynRM has the most environmental friendly design in terms of material combination, emissions are 53 % less in comparison the 4-pole PMSM. To conclude, due to beneficial properties such as high power and torque density, along with great performance in the specified operating points and solid thermal characteristics, the PMSM topology is found to be an interesting option to be utilized in mild hybrid traction applications. Furthermore, the ferrite magnets in the PMSynRM makes likewise this machine topology an interesting alternative to be applied in mild hybrids, due to the overall high operating performance in relation to its low material cost and CO2 equivalent per produced machine.
Heterogeneous R&D spillovers and sustainable growth: Limits to efficient regulation

This paper introduces heterogeneity of cross-technologies interactions into the double-differentiated R&D-based endogenous growth model. In this model new technologies appear continuously and older are outdated generating structural change. All technologies may interact with each other through knowledge spillovers which are technology-specific and this results in innovations' heterogeneity. The conditions on the shape of these interactions for the existence of the (sustained) growth path in the decentralized economy as well as for the social planner's problem are estab- lished. Next the necessity for government interventions depending on the complexity of these interactions is studied. At last the scale and duration of interventions are demonstrated to be functions of spectral properties of the interactions operator.
Preliminary surveys after release of the fruit fly parasitoid Fopius arisanus Sonan (Hymenoptera Braconidae) in mango production systems in Casamance (Senegal)

Introduction . Since its arrival in Senegal in 2004, Bactrocera invadens (Diptera Tephritidae) synonymized with Bactrocera dorsalis has caused much economic damage in mango crops. Effective and efficient control activities against B. invadens were necessary in order to continue mango production, and biological control measures were envisaged. In such conditions, the government of Senegal allowed the Asian parasitoid Fopius arisanus to be released in some orchards around Ziguinchor. Materials and methods . The dynamics of fruit fly species was studied with lure traps (methyl eugenol and terpinyl acetate with Dichlorvos). Mango fruit were sampled from the control orchard and orchards with released F. arisanus, to compare the differences in tephritid infestation. Results and discussion . The levels of B. invadens populations were 1.6−2.5 times higher in the control than in orchards where F. arisanus was released. The fruit were also 5–6 times more infested in the control orchard than in those that received F. arisanus . Between May and July 2012 the majority of the pupae (92%) collected from fruit samples developed into adult flies, while only 39% of the pupae transformed to adults between October and December after effective action of the parasitoids. In both orchard treatments, the level of native fruit fly populations was about the same. Wild fruit were infested mostly by Ceratitis cosyra, from which were reared native parasitoids such as Fopius caudatus, F. silvestrii, F. desideratus, Diachasmimorpha fullawayi, D. carinata, Psyttalia cosyrae, and P. concolor. In contrast with Mangifera indica, Citrus spp. , Anacardium occidentale, Psidium guayava, Saba senegalensis, and Landolphia heudelotii were mainly infested by B. invadens which showed parasitism by F. arisanus . Pteromalidae and Eulophidae were also found from the pest fly pupae. Killer flies (Diptera: Muscidae) such as Coenosia attenuata Stein, C. atra Meigen and C. tigrina Fabricius emerged from the fruit samples. Conclusion . Sanitation against fruit flies in Casamance should take into account the conservation of natural enemies such as parasitoids and predators for an effective biological control of tephritids.
Self-assembled crystalline materials of calcium carbonate and silica

C283 resulting precipitates were characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and the morphology of crystals was observed by an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that SOM influences not only on the agglomeration, morphology, size and polymorphism of the CaCO3 crystals but also narrows the range of calcium and carbonate critical concentrations necessary to induce nucleation, the “Crystals-Growing Space”. Thus, it appears evident that in gelling environment the SOM is able to select a specific calcium and carbonate concentration. That, respecting the supersaturation laws, confines the nucleation and growth processes.
Hematite to magnetite reduction monitored by Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction

The aim of the present research is to determine the kinetics of the transformation from hematite (a-Fe2O3) to magnetite (Fe3O4). The procedure consisted of an isothermal heating in a flow of a H2–Ar mixture at temperatures between 260 and 360 1C. The phase evolution at a given temperature, as a function of the thermal treatment time, was monitored by using room temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). In the range of temperatures and times studied the only iron oxide that was formed was magnetite. In order to optimize equipment requirements for the quantification of the reaction products a calibration curve was constructed. This allows to estimate the conversion degree (measured as the percentage of magnetite produced) with a short-run XRD pattern. We calculate an apparent activation energy of 9874 kJ/mol from reaction grade–time curves at each temperature. r 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 61.10. i; 61.18. Fs; 64.70. Kb
Yield and composition of pirarucu fillet in different weight classes.

The fillet yield and quantity of waste generated after processing are important for planning and evaluating the growth performance of species and systems of aquaculture production in Brazil. The pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) is among the species with desirable characteristics for intensive fish with high market value. The objective was to evaluate the performance of pirarucu fillet in different weight classes: 7.0 to 9.0 kg (group I), 11.0 to 13.0 kg (group II) and 14.0 to 17.0 kg (group III). The fillet yield presented no significant difference between groups. The composition showed significant differences (p < 0.05) for moisture (77.96 to 75.04%) and ash (2.21 to 2.46%), while values of lipid and protein were similar between classes evaluated. In assessing the fat percentage per serving (loin, belly and tail) there was higher fat deposition in the ventral part and in group III. Thus, it can be lessen the pirarucu with weight ranging from 7.0 to 9.0 kg, using shorter production cycles and obtaining better quality fillets by having a lower muscle percentage of lipids. peso. O rendimento de file e a quantidade de residuos gerada apos o processamento sao importantes para o planejamento e a avaliacao do desempenho zootecnico de especies e dos sistemas de producao aquicola brasileiros. O pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) esta entre as especies com caracteristicas desejaveis para piscicultura intensiva e com alto valor de mercado. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o rendimento do file de pirarucu em diferentes classes de peso: 7,0 a 9,0 kg (grupo I), 11,0 a 13,0 kg (grupo II) e 14,0 a 17,0 kg (grupo III). O rendimento de file nao apresentou diferenca significativa entre os grupos avaliados. A composicao apresentou diferencas significativas (p < 0,05) para umidade (77,96 a 75,04%) e cinzas (2,21 a 2,46%), enquanto os valores de lipideos e proteina bruta foram similares entre as classes avaliadas. Na avaliacao da porcentagem de lipidios por porcao (lombo, barriga e cauda) houve maior deposicao de gordura na parte ventral e no grupo III. Dessa forma, pode-se abater o pirarucu com media de peso entre 7,0 a 9,0 kg, utilizando-se ciclos de producao mais curtos e obtendo-se files com melhor qualidade por apresentarem menor porcentagem muscular de lipidio. Palavras-chave: Arapaima gigas, deposicao lipidica, filetagem.
Nutritional Value of Italian Pistachios from Bronte ( Pistacia vera, L.), Their Nutrients, Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity

This study gives an overview on the nutritional value, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP) of Bronte’s pistachio (Pistacia vera, L., cv. Bianca) from Sicily (Italy). Bronte’s pistachios are rich in fat, protein, dietary fiber, trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) and minerals (Ca, P, K, Mg, Na). Lipids mainly consist of MUFA (33.8 g/100g), primarily oleic acid (32.4 g/ 100g); PUFA is mostly represented by linoleic acid (7.49 g/100g). Bronte’s pistachios are also a valuable source of bioactive compounds such as total polyphenols (501.5 mg/100g), lutein (1.26 mg/100g), β-carotene (0.18 mg/100g), γ-tocopherol (19.2 mg/100g) and phytosterols (134.4 mg/100g). Among phytosterols, the main is β-sitosterol (86% of total content), followed by Δ5-avenasterol (6.3%). Phytic acid content is 1763 mg/100g; Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5 and Ins(1,2,3,4,5,)P5 have been detected too (31 mg/100g and 10 mg/100g, respectively). The antioxidant activity was determined both in hydrophilic and lipophilic fraction of pistachios, showing >80% of the total antioxidant activity in the hydrophilic, predominately due to phenolic compounds.
Ventilation rates in schools and pupils performance

This paper is a development of our earlier work [5,6,11]. The effects of classroom ventilation on pupils’ performance were investigated in 8 primary schools in England. In each school the concentrations of carbon dioxide and other parameters were monitored for three weeks in two selected classrooms. In 16 classrooms interventions were made to improve the ventilation rate and maintain the temperature within an acceptable range using a purpose-built portable mechanical ventilation system. As a result of the interventions the provision of outdoor air to the classrooms was improved from the prevailing levels of about 1 l/s per person to about 8 l/s per person. The pupils and teachers in the classrooms studied were usually exposed to unacceptably poor air quality conditions, with CO2 concentrations of up to 5000 ppm, much higher than the average recommended levels of 1500 ppm and the preferred level of 1000 ppm. The results of computerized performance tasks performed by more than 200 pupils showed significantly faster and more accurate responses for Choice Reaction (by 2.2%), Colour Word Vigilance (by 2.7%), Picture Memory (by 8%) and Word Recognition (by 15%) at the higher ventilation rates compared with the low ventilation conditions. The present investigation provides strong evidence that low ventilation rates in classrooms significantly reduce pupils’ attention and vigilance, and negatively affect memory and concentration. The physical environment therefore affects teaching and
Improving EFL Students' Self-regulation in Reading English Using a Cognitive Tool

Problem Statement: One of the techniques which recently have attracted attention of researchers is concept mapping. Although, there are a number of researches investigating the influence of concept mapping technique on different skills e.g. reading, writing and etc, there are quite few studies on the effect of concept maps on motivational factors which are influential in students' success in reading such as self-regulation. Purpose of Study: This paper strives to investigate if concept mapping as a cognitive tool could contribute to improving self-regulation of students in a reading course. Methods: To fulfill the aim of the study, sixty university students from one of the universities in Iran were randomly assigned to two groups: one experimental (concept mapping) and the other control (conventional method). Findings and Results: Results revealed that there was a significant difference between the two groups with students in the experimental group outperforming those in the control group on self-regulation in reading. Conclusion and Recommendations: The findings of the present study clearly demonstrated that the use of concept mapping strategy in teaching reading comprehension benefited Iranian EFL students who are at the intermediate level of language proficiency. The findings of the study have implications for teaching reading nationally and globally.
A Chandra Study of the Stellar X-Ray Emissivity of Globular Clusters in the M31 Bulge

The X-ray emissivity (i.e., luminosity per unit stellar mass) of globular clusters (GCs) is an important indicator of their dynamical evolution history. Based on deep archival Chandra observations, we report a stacking analysis of 44 GCs with 0.5–8 keV luminosities LX ≲ 1035 erg s−1 in the M31 bulge, which are supposed to be dominated by cataclysmic variables (CVs) and coronally active binaries (ABs). We obtain a significant detection at the 5σ level in 0.5–8 keV band. The average X-ray luminosity per GC and the average X-ray emissivity are determined to be 5.3 ± 1.6 × 1033 erg s−1 and 13.2 ± 4.3 × 1027 erg s−1 , respectively. Both of these values are consistent with those of Milky Way GCs. Moreover, the measured emissivity of M31 GCs is also consistent with that of the Milky Way field stars. Massive GCs have X-ray luminosities that are marginally higher than those of less massive ones. Massive GCs also show a lower emissivity ( ) than less massive ones ( ), which is consistent with the scenario that the (progenitors of) CVs and ABs were more efficiently destroyed via stellar encounters in the more massive GCs. No dependence of the X-ray emissivity on GC color or on the projected galactocentric distance of GCs is found.