Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WHAT LEADS TO SEVERE MOUNTAINOUS FREEWAY CRASHES IN SOUTHEAST OF CHINA ?

Original scientific paper This paper adopted chi-square test and binary logistic regression to analyse factors about mountainous freeway crash severity level in the southeast of China and to determine the factor impact on crash severity level to make corresponding measures to improve road safety. Results of this paper indicated that younger and older drivers, female drivers, weekends and driving early in morning all make contribution to severe mountainous freeway crashes. Besides, it is more likely to occur in severe crash in spring, summer and autumn compared to that in winter. The importance of study results to audience is that road users can understand the specific characteristics of mountainous freeway crashes in southeast of China and corresponding measurements could be made to improve the safety level. Therefore, this paper proposed some suggestions to improve mountainous freeway safety: younger and older drivers should be told the driving weakness by means of variable message sign or propaganda; female drivers are not encouraged to drive in some special mountainous freeway sections; traffic designs about careful driving at night are supposed to be set especially between 0 am and 5:59 am.
Increase of learning abilities and maturation of the vertical lobe complex during postembryonic development in the cuttlefish, Sepia.

When shown prawns in a glass tube, cuttlefish quickly learn to inhibit their predatory behavior. By using a visual learning paradigm, we studied training and retention performances of cuttlefish aged from 8 to 90 days. We found an improvement in the acquisition of learning abilities during the first 2 months of life as well as an increase of 24-hr retention performance between 30 and 90 days of age. Using morphometric measurements of different lobes of the central nervous system, we correlated the emergence of these learning abilities with the postembryonic development of related nervous structures. Our results show that only the growth of the superior frontal and vertical lobes appears to be significantly correlated with the improvement of learning and long-term retention performances. Thus, as found in earlier data collected in Octopus, the vertical lobe complex of the cuttlefish seems to be involved in these learning processes.
A Property of Solutions to Linear Monopoly Problems

We extend the “no-haggling” result of Riley and Zeckhauser (1983) to the class of linear multiproduct monopoly problems when the buyer’s valuations are smoothly distributed. In particular, we show that there is no loss for the seller in optimizing over mechanisms such that all allocations belong to the boundary of the feasible set. The set of potentially optimal mechanisms can be further restricted when the costs are sufficiently low: the optimal mechanisms use only allocations from the “north-east” boundary of the feasible set and the null allocation.
Obstetric Simulation as a Risk Control Strategy: Course Design and Evaluation

Introduction: Patient safety initiatives aimed at reducing medical errors and adverse events are being implemented in Obstetrics. The Controlled Risk Insurance Company (CRICO), Risk Management Foundation (RMF) of the Harvard Medical Institutions pursued simulation as an anesthesia risk control strategy. Encouraged by their success, CRICO/RMF promoted simulation-based team training as a risk control strategy for obstetrical providers. We describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of an obstetric simulation-based team training course grounded in crisis resource management (CRM) principles. Methods: We pursued systematic design of course development, implementation, and evaluation in 3 phases, including a 1-year or more posttraining follow-up with self-assessment questionnaires. Results: The course was highly rated overall by participants immediately after the course and 1-year or more after the course. Most survey responders reported having experienced a critical clinical event since the course and that various aspects of their teamwork had significantly or somewhat improved as a result of the course. Most (86%) reported CRM principles as useful for obstetric faculty and most (59%) recommended repeating the simulation course every 2 years. Conclusions: A simulation-based team-training course for obstetric clinicians was developed and is a central component of CRICO/RMF’s obstetric risk management incentive program that provides a 10% reduction in annual obstetrical malpractice premiums. The course was highly regarded immediately and 1 year or more after completing the course. Most survey responders reported improved teamwork and communication in managing a critical obstetric event in the interval since taking the course. Simulation-based CRM training can serve as a strategy for mitigating adverse perinatal events.
Influence of caffeine on perception of effort, metabolism and exercise performance following a high-fat meal

Abstract This study examined the effects of caffeine, co-ingested with a high fat meal, on perceptual and metabolic responses during incremental (Experiment 1) and endurance (Experiment 2) exercise performance. Trained participants performed three constant-load cycling tests at approximately 73% of maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2max) for 30 min at 20°C (Experiment 1, n = 8) and to the limit of tolerance at 10°C (Experiment 2, n = 10). The 30 min constant-load exercise in Experiment 1 was followed by incremental exercise (15 W · min−1) to fatigue. Four hours before the first test, the participants consumed a 90% carbohydrate meal (control trial); in the remaining two tests, the participants consumed a 90% fat meal with (fat + caffeine trial) and without (fat-only trial) caffeine. Caffeine and placebo were randomly assigned and ingested 1 h before exercise. In both experiments, ratings of perceived leg exertion were significantly lower during the fat + caffeine than fat-only trial (Experiment 1: P < 0.001; Experiment 2: P < 0.01). Ratings of perceived breathlessness were significantly lower in Experiment 1 (P < 0.01) and heart rate higher in Experiment 2 (P < 0.001) on the fat + caffeine than fat-only trial. In the two experiments, oxygen uptake, ventilation, blood [glucose], [lactate] and plasma [glycerol] were significantly higher on the fat + caffeine than fat-only trial. In Experiment 2, plasma [free fatty acids], blood [pyruvate] and the [lactate]:[pyruvate] ratio were significantly higher on the fat + caffeine than fat-only trial. Time to exhaustion during incremental exercise (Experiment 1: control: 4.9, s = 1.8 min; fat-only: 5.0, s = 2.2 min; fat + caffeine: 5.0, s = 2.2 min; P > 0.05) and constant-load exercise (Experiment 2: control: 116 (88 – 145) min; fat-only: 122 (96 – 144) min; fat + caffeine: 127 (107 – 176) min; P > 0.05) was not different between the fat-only and fat + caffeine trials. In conclusion, while a number of metabolic responses were increased during exercise after caffeine ingestion, perception of effort was reduced and this may be attributed to the direct stimulatory effect of caffeine on the central nervous system. However, this caffeine-induced reduction in effort perception did not improve exercise performance.
Liability to anxiety and severe life events as predictors of new-onset sleep disturbances.

STUDY OBJECTIVES This study examined the effects of liability to anxiety and stressful life events on the onset of sleep disturbances. DESIGN A 5-year longitudinal observational cohort study. PARTICIPANTS A population sample of 16,627 men and women with undisturbed sleep and 2572 with disturbed sleep at baseline. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Liability to anxiety, as indicated by a general feeling of stressfulness (the Reeder stress inventory) and symptoms of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) hyperactivity, was assessed at baseline. The occurrence of post-baseline life events and sleep disturbances was measured at follow-up five years later. Both liability to anxiety and exposure to negative life events were strongly associated with sleep disturbances. Among the men liable to anxiety, the odds of sleep disturbances were 3.11 (95% CI 1.90-5.10) times higher for those who had experienced a severe life event within 6 months than for the others. For the men not liable to anxiety, the corresponding odds ratio was only 1.13 (95% CI 0.40-3.18). For the men and women liable to anxiety, the odds ratio for sleep disturbance 0-6 months after divorce was 2.05 (95% CI 1.38-3.05), with the corresponding odds ratio being 1.47 (95% CI 0.84-2.58) for the men and women not liable to anxiety. The effects of total or specific life events on sleep after 6 months were not dependent on liability to anxiety. CONCLUSION This study provides prospective evidence that individuals liable to anxiety may be at particularly high risk of post-event sleep disturbances at least during the first months after the event.
Theory of Stress Distribution in Insulation of High-Voltage DC Cables: Part I

The theory of stress distribution in the insulation of high-voltage direct current (dc) cables is refined by accurately including the effects of heating by the leakage current. The results have specific implications with respect to thermal instability; in particular, a new type of instability is identified. Numerical examples are presented, and certain published experimental data are shown to support the theoretical results.
The villous period of placentogenesis in the baboon (Papio sp.).

Baboon placentae were studied which ranged in age from 13 to 40 days. Implantation in the baboon is superficial and a single, discoid, villous hemochorial placenta is formed. No chorionic villi develop peripheral to the placenta and there is no decidua capsularis. Trophoblastic tissue within the placenta is of two types, cyto- and syncytiotrophoblast. The chorionic villi are short and straight at 13 days but have begun to branch by 16 days. The villi consist of a mesenchymal core surrounded by a single layer of cytotrophoblast which is in turn surrounded by a layer of syncytiotrophoblast. Cytotrophoblastic cells from the distal tips of the villi spread over the maternal surface of the placenta and form a complete cytotrophoblastic shell against the uterine stroma. Maternal blood enters and leaves the intervillous space through clefts in the cytotrophoblastic shell which connect with arteries and expanded venules within the endometrium. A limited decidualization of the uterine stroma takes place.
Evaluation of health care and husbandry system of calves at buffalo farms in southern Bangladesh

Calves with optimum health play a crucial role for sustainability of the dairy farms. This study was conducted to evaluate the present status of calf health care and husbandry system on 140 buffalo farms in southern Bangladesh. The data were collected during farm visit and recorded in prepared questionnaire. The results of the present study revealed that significantly lower number of farms (15.0%) had calves with good body condition (p<0.05) during farm visit. Navel cord disinfection to the newly born calves was not practiced in all these farms. Colostrum was fed to calves soon after birth in significantly lower number (4.3%) of farms (p<0.05). Furthermore, 13.6% farmers dewormed their buffalo calves (p<0.05) and calves in 11.4% farms were vaccinated against anthrax and foot and mouth disease (p<0.05). Sick calves were treated by buffalo owner themselves in significantly higher proportion of buffalo farms (59.3%) compared with treated by veterinarian (12.9%) and quack (27.8%) (p<0.05). Overall, the buffalo calf mortality was recorded 14.5% of which higher mortality (74.5%) was observed in first three months of age in comparison to other age groups. Moreover, the number of calves died was affected by herd size in the farms (R 2 =0.938, p<0.001). The helminthiasis (20.3%) was identified as most prevalent disease in buffalo calves followed by malnutrition (13.2%), indigestion (12.4%) and navel ill (9.3%). It can be concluded that health care and management system of buffalo calves in these dairies are extremely unsatisfactory and buffalo farmers need proper education and training about scientific knowledge of calf rearing practice. SAARC J. Agri. , 13(2): 108-120 (2015)
Case-Control Study of the Risk Factors Linked to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Requiring Hospitalization in Premature Infants Born at a Gestational Age of 33–35 Weeks in Spain

Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to identify those risk factors most likely to lead to the development of RSV-related respiratory Infection and subsequent hospital admission among premature infants born at 33–35 WGA (FLIP study) Methods: This was a prospective case-control study. Cases (186) hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) illness were recruited from 50 participating Spanish hospitals during the 2002–2003 RSV season (October 2002–April 2003). Controls (371) were selected in June 2003 but born at same time as cases. Results: Of these cases, 20.5% were admitted to the intensive care unit intensive care unit, and 7.6% required mechanical ventilation. None of the patients died. Conditional logistic regression analysis adjusted for medical center demonstrated that the risk of RSV-related respiratory infection requiring hospital admission in preterm infants 33–35 weeks of gestation (WGA) in Spain was most often associated with absolute chronologic age at start of RSV season ≤10 weeks [ie, born between July 15 and December 15; odds ratio (OR), 3.95; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.65–5.90], breast-feeding for ≤2 months total (OR 3.26; 95% CI 1.96–5.42), presence of ≥1 school age siblings (OR 2.85; 95% CI 1.88–4.33), ≥4 residents and visitors at home (discounting school age siblings and the case/control him/herself) (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.19–3.07) and a family history of wheezing (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.19–3.01). Conclusions: In premature infants born 33–35 WGA, certain underlying risk factors significantly increase the risk of RSV-related respiratory infection and hospitalization. Premature infants 33–35 WGA with additional risk factors should be considered for RSV prophylaxis with palivizumab.
Intergalactic H II Regions Discovered in SINGG

A number of very small isolated H II regions have been discovered at projected distances up to 30 kpc from their nearest galaxy. These H II regions appear as tiny emission-line objects in narrowband images obtained by the NOAO Survey for Ionization in Neutral Gas Galaxies (SINGG). We present spectroscopic confirmation of four isolated H II regions in two systems; both systems have tidal H I features. The results are consistent with stars forming in interactive debris as a result of cloud-cloud collisions. The Hα luminosities of the isolated H II regions are equivalent to the ionizing flux of only a few O stars each. They are most likely ionized by stars formed in situ and represent atypical star formation in the low-density environment of the outer parts of galaxies. A small but finite intergalactic star formation rate will enrich and ionize the surrounding medium. In one system, NGC 1533, we calculate a star formation rate of 1.5 × 10-3 M⊙ yr-1, resulting in a metal enrichment of ∼1 × 10-3 solar for the continuous formation of stars. Such systems may have been more common in the past and a similar enrichment level is measured for the "metallicity floor" in damped Lyα absorption systems.
Biologic markers of sun exposure and melanoma risk in women: Pooled case–control analysis

A model has been proposed whereby melanomas arise through two distinct pathways dependent on the relative influence of host susceptibility and sun exposure. Such pathways may explain site‐specific patterns of melanoma occurrence. To explore this model, we investigated the relationship between melanoma risk and general markers of acute (recalled sunburns) and chronic (prevalent solar keratoses) sun exposure, stratified by anatomic site and host phenotype. Our working hypothesis was that head and neck melanomas have stronger associations with solar keratoses and weaker associations with sunburn than trunk melanomas. We conducted a collaborative analysis using original data from women subjects of 11 case–control studies of melanoma (2,575 cases, 3,241 controls). We adjusted for potential confounding effects of sunlamp use and sunbathing. The magnitude of sunburn associations did not differ significantly by melanoma site, nevus count or histologic subtype of melanoma. Across all sites, relative risk of melanoma increased with an increasing number of reported lifetime “painful” sunburns, lifetime “severe” sunburns and “severe” sunburns in youth (ptrend < 0.001), with pooled odds ratios (pORs) for the highest category of sunburns versus no sunburns of 3.22 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.04–5.09] for lifetime “painful” sunburns, 2.10 (95%CI 1.30–3.38) for lifetime “severe” sunburns and 2.43 (95%CI 1.61–3.65) for “severe” sunburns in youth. Solar keratoses strongly increased the risk of head and neck melanoma (pOR 4.91, 95%CI 2.10–11.46), but data were insufficient to assess risk for other sites. Reported sunburn is strongly associated with melanoma on all major body sites.
Patients' perspectives on dental implant and bone graft surgery: questionnaire-based interview survey.

PURPOSE To assess up-to-date expectations and preferences of patients seeking dental implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and fifty consecutive patients (66 male and 84 female interviewees) were asked to rank their concerns regarding implant therapy and answer a questionnaire on implant and bone graft surgery, cost and time considerations and second-opinion behaviour. RESULTS Treatment predictability and avoidance of removable dentures were ranked high priority (compared with time and cost efficiency or avoidance of bone grafts). Patients' estimation of the 10-year implant success rate was 84%, and 59% of patients expected implants to last for a lifetime. Total treatment time was estimated to be 4 months on average, and only 12% would tolerate increased risk of implant failure for the sake of shortening treatment duration. 61% of interviewees accepted autologous bone grafts (the majority favouring the retromolar area), while only 23% were willing to undergo bone harvesting from the hip. 43% opted for bone substitute material to avoid donor site morbidity. 67% would accept the additional costs associated with computed tomography, software-based treatment planning and guided implant placement to avoid bone graft surgery. Motivation for second-opinion seeking was high (46-62%), especially in young and male patients. CONCLUSION Patient expectations on implant success and predictability are high compared with their reluctance towards treatment costs and duration. Acceptance of treatment morbidity is high among patients reporting low denture satisfaction; however, minimally invasive treatment alternatives are generally preferred.
An Architecture for Capturing the Nonlinear Distortion of Analog Self-Interference Cancellers in Full-Duplex Radios

Analog self-interference (SI) cancellation is a key process to enable full-duplex wireless communications, which generates a cancelling signal (a copy of the SI) at the local receiver and subtracts from the received signal to cancel the SI imposed by the local transmitter. However, due to the inherent nonlinearities of analog canceller (AC), the SI cancellation performance is often restricted by introducing extra nonlinear distortion to the receiver. In this letter, an observation architecture is proposed to capture the AC nonlinear distortion by deploying an auxiliary chain identical to the AC and a linear cancellation approach. The captured nonlinear distortion could be used as a reference in the digital domain to mitigate the AC-induced nonlinear interference at the receiver. Experiments verify that the proposed architecture is capable of capturing the weak AC-induced distortion and suppressing it to close the receiver noise floor.
Influence of intraventricular hemorrhage and occlusive hydrocephalus on the long-term outcome of treated patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage: a case-control study.

OBJECT Only limited data exist addressing the long-term outcome of patients with ganglionic hemorrhage complicated by intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and hydrocephalus that requires an external ventricular drain (EVD). The aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcome of patients with pure ganglionic hemorrhage and those requiring an EVD due to additional IVH and hydrocephalus. METHODS For this study, 116 patients with supratentorial ganglionic hemorrhage and occlusive hydrocephalus were screened. To avoid any bias the authors excluded all patients with nonprimary intracerebral hemorrhage as well as those who received no treatment. Forty patients with IVH and subsequent hydrocephalus were examined, and 40 more patients with pure ganglionic hematomas were matched with regard to age, sex, Glasgow Coma Scale score, need for mechanical ventilation, and, in particular, hematoma volume. Outcome analysis was performed using the Barthel Index and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The mean hematoma volume was 25.3 +/- 15.2 ml. The overall long-term outcome was unfavorable (mRS Score 4-6) in 59% of all patients. Good outcome (mRS score < 4) was observed in 25 (62.5%) of 40 patients with hematoma volumes less than 25 ml, compared with eight (20%) of 40 who had hematoma volumes greater than 25 ml (p < 0.05, chi-square test). The need for an EVD was not associated with a worse long-term outcome in patients with comparable hematoma volumes. In contrast, the duration of treatment in the intensive care unit was longer for patients with EVDs than for those who had pure ganglionic hematomas (16 [range 5-29] days compared with 8 [range 2-19] days; p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test), regardless of hematoma volume. CONCLUSIONS The long-term outcome of treated patients with supratentorial ganglionic hemorrhage with ventricular involvement and occlusive hydrocephalus is comparable to that of patients with similar hematoma volumes but no IVH.
Gender Differences in Eyewitness Testimony

One of the earliest empirical studies of sex differences in eyewitness behavior was that of William Stern (1903-1904). Stern's research furnished evidence in approbation of the long-held opinion that women's eyewitness testimony was less accurate and less resistant to the influence of misleading information than men's; however, Stern's 2 groups were not comparable in age. Other studies by Bringmann and colleagues in 1986 did not replicate Stern's findings using comparable age groups. The present investigation examined eyewitness behavior using two stimulus presentations of dissimilar content and complexity and tests for significance of gender differences. Subjects were 20 male and 20 female college students. No significant gender differences were found between groups on accuracy of recall or resistance to false information on the short-term memory task.