Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Fabrication of an UWB Patch Antenna with CRLH TL

In this paper, a small sized, low profile and Ultra-wideband (UWB) patch antenna with Metamaterial (MTM) transition line (TL) and two coaxial feed was designed and fabricated. The reduction of the antenna size and increase in bandwidth were achieved through the use of MTM TL and two coaxial feed. The bandwidth was improved by 131% as well as the circular polarization (CP) in a narrow bandwidth was achieved by varying the MTM TL parameter and feed position. To confirm these results, two proposed antenna with different MTM TL and feed position were then fabricated and measured and the measurement results showed a good agreement between simulation and measurement. A conventional antenna of the same size, which resonates at f=10GHz and has a bandwidth of 8% was used as a reference for comparison.
Difference in the heliospheric modulation of cosmic-ray protons and electrons during the solar minimum period of 2006 to 2009

Context. The PAMELA experiment observed galactic proton and electron spectra down to 70 MV and 400 MV, respectively, from mid-2006 to the end of 2009 during what is called an A Drift theory for the solar modulation of cosmic rays predicts that the intensity of protons at the Earth is expected to show a different rate of recovery towards solar minimum when compared to electrons during A The solutions of a comprehensive three-dimensional drift model are compared to PAMELA spectra to authenticate the modelling approach and then to make predictions of how electrons and protons are differently modulated down to 1 MeV, based on new very local interstellar spectra.Results. The comparison of observations and modelling provides insight into how the rigidity dependence of the three major diffusion coefficients changes during such quiet modulation conditions. How drift effects dissipate above several GeV and below 100 MeV is illustrated for both protons and electrons. The modulation that occurred at the Earth during this quiet period is shown as a function of rigidity and time. The e− /p ratio is computed from 10 MV to 50 GV for this period and a prediction is made for what may be observed in terms of spectra during the next A > 0 solar minimum.Conclusions. The presence of drifts during this quiet period is established based on the presented modelling and PAMELA measurements. Drift effects for protons and electrons are quantified in terms of their rigidity and temporal development from 2006 to 2009.
Extensive light curve database of Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern

Our paper will discuss the photometry observation techniques currently in use by the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) and at the Zimmerwald observatory. We present the processing of light curves with the aim to determine apparent spin periods of observed objects and to reconstruct their folded phase functions. We will summarize spin rates for 397 objects extracted from 1991 light curves which were acquired with the ZIMLAT telescope during the last ten years. More than dozen of defunct spacecraft showed a periodic change of the apparent spin rates over time. These cases will be briefly discussed.
Short-term Effects of Ambient Oxidant Exposure on Mortality: A Combined Analysis within the APHEA Project

The Air Pollution and Hearth: a European Approach (APHEA) project is a coordinated study of the short-term effects of air pollution on mortality and hospital admissions using data from 15 European cities, with a wide range of geographic, sociodemographic, climatic, and air quality patterns. The objective of this paper is to summarize the results of the short-term effects of ambient oxidants on daily deaths from all causes (excluding accidents). Within the APHEA project, six cities spanning Central and Western Europe provided data on daily deaths and N02 and/or O3 levels. The data were analyzed by each center separately following a standardized methodology to ensure comparability of results. Poisson autoregressive models allowing for overdispersion were fitted. Fixed effects models were used to pool the individual regression coefficients when there was no evidence of heterogeneity among the cities and random effects models otherwise. Factors possibly correlated with heterogeneity were also investigated. Significant positive associations were found between daily deaths and both NO2 and O3. Increases of 50 f^g/m3 in N0 2 (1-hour maximum) or O 3 (1-hour maximum) were associated with a 1.3% (95% confidence interval 0.9-1.8) and 2.9% (95% confidence interval 1.0-4.9) increase in the daily number of deaths, respectively. Stratified analysis of NO 2 effects by low and high levels of black smoke or O3 showed no significant evidence for an interaction within each city. However, there was a tendency for larger effects of NO2 in cities with higher levels of black smoke. The pooled estimate for the O3 effect was only slightly reduced, whereas the one for N02 was almost halved (although it remained significant) when two pollutant models including black smoke were applied. The internal validity (consistency across cities) as well as the external validity (similarities with other published studies) of our results on the 03 effect support the hypothesis of a causal relation between O3 and all cause daily mortality. However, the short-term effects of N0 2 on mortality may be confounded by other vehicle-derived pollutants. Thus, the issue of independent NO2 effects requires additional investigation. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 146:177-85. air pollution; environmental exposure; environmental illness; environmental pollutants; mortality; nitrogen dioxide; ozone
Stratigraphy of the Upper Jurassic shallow marine carbonates of the Moghan area (NW Iran), with paleobiogeography implication on Alveosepta jaccardi (Schrodt, 1894)

A micropaleontological study has been carried out on the samples collected from the Sarv Abad section, the oldest and only known Jurassic sedimentary rocks cropping out in the Moghan area. Studied sequence consists of carbonates bounded at both base and top by clastic deposits. Studied carbonate deposits provide an assemblage of benthic foraminifera as well as calcareous algae. The stratigraphic distribution of the larger benthic foraminifera, particularly, almost consistent present of Alveosepta jaccardi allowed us to propose an age of Late Oxfordian to Early Kimmeridgian for the studied succession. At this time, Paratethys Basin was at very beginning of its opening. Larger benthic foraminifera and inhabited fauna at this basin are in close similarity with Tethyan Realm association. Data provided by larger foraminifera, calcareous algae, and microfacies analysis may suggest an environment of warm shallow water with low to medium energy regime
English academic writing proficiency in higher education: Facilitating the transition from metalinguistic awareness to metalinguistic competence

Students entering higher education are expected to develop into proficient academic writers in the course of their studies. The article focuses on metalinguistic awareness in the development of English (L2) academic writing proficiency in higher education. It builds on an on-going study investigating the role of metacognitive skills in the development of L2 academic writing proficiency in higher education. It bases its findings on an initial questionnaire which aimed at clarifying the students’ understanding of “an academic text” and “academic writing” in English, and how well they perceived themselves to mastering L2 academic writing. The article sheds light on the extent to which metalinguistic awareness of L2 academic vocabulary and language is present in the students’ thoughts about L2 academic writing as expressed in their responses to the questionnaire, and discusses the findings and their implications for how to further facilitate students’ development of L2 academic writing proficiency. The analysis reveals that the students possess elements of metalinguistic awareness about L2 academic writing but that their awareness is limited, particularly in relation to practical use of academic vocabulary. The results also indicate that the students lack the metalinguistic competence necessary to put their awareness into practice. The study concludes that raising students’ metalinguistic awareness is necessary to facilitate their further development in L2 academic writing proficiency. It argues that metalinguistic conversations can be an important tool in this process, and emphasizes that greater focus on such conversations as facilitators of L2 academic writing proficiency is needed within L2 higher education.
The Pattern Speeds of 38 Barred Galaxies

We estimate the pattern speeds of 38 barred galaxies by simulation modeling. We construct the gravitational potentials of the galaxies from near-IR photometry by assuming that the mass-to-light ratio (M/L) is constant in the H band and a single pattern speed dominates in the stellar disk. We use the response of gaseous and stellar particle disks to a rigidly rotating potential to determine the pattern speed. If our assumptions are correct, then the pattern speed depends on the morphological type: the average value of the ratio of the corotation resonance radius to the bar radius, ℛ, increases from about 1.1 in type SB0/a to 1.4 in SBb and 1.7 in SBc. Within the error estimates, all the bars in galaxies of type SBab or earlier are fast rotators, having ℛ ≤ 1.4, whereas late-type galaxies include both fast and slow rotators.
When getting a meal may cost your life: Exploring the incongruous distribution between the green crab Carcinus maenas and its prey

The green crab Carcinus maenas invaded the Gulf of Maine over a hundred years ago and has become a well-established member of intertidal communities. We surveyed the vertical distribution of Carcinus, other crabs, and their potential prey from the intertidal into the shallow subtidal. Carcinus was most abundant in the intertidal and decreased in the subtidal. In contrast, a preferred prey of Carcinus, the mussel Mytilus edulis, had highest densities in the shallow subtidal. Why isn’t Carcinus most abundant where prey densities are highest? A previous experiment revealed a higher mortality rate for Carcinus tethered in the subtidal than in the intertidal. In the subtidal there are higher abundances of the American lobster Homarus americanus and Jonah crab Cancer borealis. We performed a laboratory experiment to investigate the effects of cohabitation with lobster and C. borealis on survival, shelter use, and behavior of Carcinus. Lobsters were the more effective predator on Carcinus, consuming 27% of the crabs during 24 hours. Only 5% of Carcinus were eaten by C. borealis and none by conspecifics used in control treatments. In the presence of lobsters, Carcinus showed significantly more climbing and deep burrowing behavior relative to controls. Our results suggest that the risk of predation by lobsters underlies the scarcity of Carcinus in subtidal communities. Introduction The invasion of the east coast of North America by the European green crab Carcinus maenas (henceforth refereed to as Carcinus) began over 100 years ago. Since its initial introduction into New York and New Jersey, Carcinus has expanded its range northward into the Gulf of Maine (Audet et al. 2003, Taylor et al. 1957), becoming a major presence in intertidal communities. Carcinus is omnivorous and consumes a wide range of prey: bivalves (the mussel Mytilus edulis and soft-shell clam Mya arenaria); gastropods (Littorina littorea and L. obtusata); barnacles; amphipods; crabs (Cancer irroratus, Carcinus); and algae (Ropes 1968, Elner 1981, Seeley 1986, Rangeley and Thomas 1987). In the Gulf of Maine, Carcinus shares its range with other abundant subtidal and intertidal decapods including the Jonah crab (Carcer borealis), rock crab (Cancer irroratus), and American lobster (Homarus americanus henceforth refereed to as lobster).
Physical and sensory characteristics of low fat dairy dessert (Rasogolla) fortified with natural source of β- carotene

Rasogolla (a white color ping pong like juicy ball prepared by boiling mashed fresh cheese or cottage cheese ball in concentrated sugar syrup) fortified with carrot paste (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% levels named as sample CRA, CRB, CRC, CRD and CRE respectively), were developed and then compared to conventional Rasogolla taken as control by both sensory and instrumental analysis. All 5-type carrot Rasogolla were similar to control in respect of moisture, sucrose and ash but differed in fat and protein content. Textures of carrot Rasogolla were similar to control in terms of elasticity and cohesiveness. A trained panel found that carrot Rasogolla (CRA, CRB, and CRC) was more acceptable than CRD, CRE or control Rasogolla. Carrot Rasogolla CRC possesses highest β-carotene level. Rasogolla fortified with carrot could be a valuable addition to indigenous dairy products.
The gas metallicity gradient and the star formation activity of disc galaxies

We study oxygen abundance profiles of the gaseous disc components in simulated galaxies in a hierarchical universe. We analyse the disc metallicity gradients in relation to the stellar masses and star formation rates of the simulated galaxies. We find a trend for galaxies with low stellar masses to have steeper metallicity gradients than galaxies with high stellar masses at z ~0. We also detect that the gas-phase metallicity slopes and the specific star formation rate (sSFR) of our simulated disc galaxies are consistent with recently reported observations at z ~0. Simulated galaxies with high stellar masses reproduce the observed relationship at all analysed redshifts and have an increasing contribution of discs with positive metallicity slopes with increasing redshift. Simulated galaxies with low stellar masses a have larger fraction of negative metallicity gradients with increasing redshift. Simulated galaxies with positive or very negative metallicity slopes exhibit disturbed morphologies and/or have a close neighbour. We analyse the evolution of the slope of the oxygen profile and sSFR for a gas-rich galaxy-galaxy encounter, finding that this kind of events could generate either positive and negative gas-phase oxygen profiles depending on their state of evolution. Our results support claims that the determination of reliable metallicity gradients as a function of redshift is a key piece of information to understand galaxy formation and set constrains on the subgrid physics.
Therapeutic significance of curcumin and its role in cancer treatment

Curcumin has been used for thousands of years in traditional Indian medicine. Recent in vitro and in vivo animal studies have demonstrated its numerous properties such as: anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antimalarial, antifungal, anaesthetic, chemopreventive, and antineoplastic. Thus, on account of the wide spectrum of properties, curcumin can contribute to modern medicine not only in the treatment of cancer or neurodegenerative diseases, but also in allergies, diabetics, joint diseases, Alzheimer’s, and a number of other chronic diseases. Therefore, most often it has been called the ‘spice for life’. Objective. To present a review of the literature on the potential usage of curcumin in the treatment of diseases of the oral cavity and other dental problems. Furthermore, it indicates the expectations of researchers towards the compound and emphasises its importance in prophylactics. Discussion. It is likely that a thorough examination of curcumin and its role in the treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and allergies, may help to introduce new educational projects and preventive programmes for public health care. The introduction of prophylactics and early treatment could prevent possible complications and advanced stages of the diseases from occurring. On account of the extensive therapeutic properties, curcumin may be used by physicians of various specialities for health promotion. Thus, since health is the key to the development of every civilization, environmental implementation of the new prophylactic projects will improve the quality of life. Nevertheless, the problem of curcumin being rapidly metabolised along with the difficulties with reaching therapeutic levels without side-effects remains significant. Conclusion. Curcumin may be the new hope for reducing incidence of cancer.
GCOE Discussion Paper Series Global COE Program Human Behavior and Socioeconomic Dynamics

This paper considers an on-the-job search model that includes wage bargaining and employer-employee mismatch. There are two states of workers in relationship to their fit for a particular job, good match versus bad match (mismatch). These states change in accordance with a stochastic process. There are two main results; the first is that the turnover level that workers find optimal is lower than the socially optimal level. The second is that the level of the firm’s entry is not optimal even though the Hosios condition is hold. The first result is clearly distinct from previous studies. JEL classification: J63; J81
Osteological structure of Kiabi loach, Oxynoemacheilus kiabii (Actinopterygii: Nemacheilidae)

A detailed description of the osteological structure of Kiabi loach ( Oxynoemacheilus kiabii ), a recently described endemic species caught from Gamasiab River, Iran, is provided. Seven specimens were collected by electrofishing in June 2013 and cleared and stained and its osteological structures were described. The results showed that O. kiabii can be distinguished from other members of the genus Oxynoemacheilus by having a square prevomer versus elongated and rectangular prevomer of O. bergianus , wider and shorter supraethmoid-ethmoid, shorter connection area between prootics, presence of two sesamoids bones, larger processes of hypohyals, presence of two extra urohyals, short metapterygoid, shape of swim bladder capsule and five hypurals.
The Value of Interaction in Data Intelligence

In human computer interaction (HCI), it is common to evaluate the value of HCI designs, techniques, devices, and systems in terms of their benefit to users. It is less common to discuss the benefit of HCI to computers. Every HCI task allows a computer to receive some data from the user. In many situations, the data received by the computer embodies human knowledge and intelligence in handling complex problems, and/or some critical information without which the computer cannot proceed. In this paper, we present an information-theoretic framework for quantifying the knowledge received by the computer from its users via HCI. We apply information-theoretic measures to some common HCI tasks as well as HCI tasks in complex data intelligence processes. We formalize the methods for estimating such quantities analytically and measuring them empirically. Using theoretical reasoning, we can confirm the significant but often undervalued role of HCI in data intelligence workflows.
Magnetostratigraphy of the eastern Hadar Basin (Ledi-Geraru research area, Ethiopia) and implications for hominin paleoenvironments

ABSTRACTTo date and characterize depositional environments of the hominin-bearing Hadar Formation, lacustrine sediments from the eastern part of the Hadar Basin (Ledi-Geraru research area) were studied using tephrostratigraphy and magnetostratig-raphy. The Sidi Hakoma Tuff, Triple Tuff-4, and the Kada Hadar Tuff, previously dated by 40 Ar/ 39 Ar in other parts of the basin, were identiﬁ ed using characteristic geochemical composition and lithologic features. Paleomagnetic samples were collected every 0.5 m along an ~230-m-thick composite section between the Sidi Hakoma Tuff and the Kada Hadar Tuff. A primary detrital remanent magnetization mostly carried by (titano-)magnetites of basaltic origin was recognized. Consistent with existing data of the Hadar Basin, paleomagnetic directions show a postdepositional counterclockwise vertical-axis tectonic rotation (~5°–10°) and shallowing of paleomagnetic inclination (~5°–10°) re-lated to sedimentation and compaction. Two normal-polarity intervals (chrons 2An.3n and 2An.2n) are recorded bracketing a reversed interval identiﬁ ed as the Mammoth event (chron 2An.2r). Resulting sediment accumulation rates (~90 cm/k.y.) are high compared to existing accumulation-rate estimates from the more western part of the Hadar Basin. The resulting eastward increasing trend suggests that deposition took place in an eastward-tilting basin. Sediment accumulations were constant throughout the basin from ca. 3.4 to 3.2 Ma. At 3.2 Ma, a regional and relatively short-lived event is indicated by signiﬁ cant change in depositional conditions and a large increase in ac-cumulation rate. This disruption may have been related to increased climate variability due to astronomical climate forcing. It provides a possible explanation for changes in the Hadar faunal community and
New U‐Th/Pb constraints on timing of shearing and long‐term slip‐rate on the Karakorum fault

Zircons and monazites from 6 samples of the North Ayilari dextral shear zone (NAsz), part of the Karakorum fault zone (KFZ), have been dated with the U‐Th‐Pb method, using both ID‐TIMS and SIMS techniques. The ages reveal (1) inheritance from several events spanning a long period between the late Archean and the Jurassic; (2) an Eocene‐Oligocene magmatic event (∼35–32 Ma); (3) an Oligo‐Miocene magmatic event (∼25–22 Ma), at least partly synkinematic to the right‐lateral deformation; and (4) a period of metamorphism metasomatism (∼22–14 Ma) interpreted as thermal and fluid advection in the shear zone. The Labhar Kangri granite located ∼375 km farther Southeast along the KFZ is dated at 21.1 ± 0.3 Ma. Such occurrence of several Oligo‐Miocene granites along the KFZ, some of which show evidence for synkinematic emplacement, suggests that the fault zone played an important role in the genesis and /or collection of crustal melts. We discuss several scenarios for the onset and propagation of the KFZ, and offset estimates based on the main sutures zones. Our preferred scenario is an Oligo‐Miocene initiation of the fault close to the NA range, and propagation along most of its length prior to ∼19 Ma. In its southern half, the averaged long‐term fault‐rate of the KFZ is greater than 8 to 10 mm/a, in good agreement with some shorter‐term estimates based on the Indus river course, or Quaternary moraines and geodesy. Our results show the KFZ cannot be considered as a small transient fault but played a major role in the collision history.
Chemical constituents from two weed species of Spermacoce (Rubiaceae)

Spermacoce articularis and Spermacoce exilisare weeds commonly growing in wastel ands but widely used as traditional medicines. The separation works on the two plant species had been carried out using various solvents and chromatographic methods. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by using spectroscopic methods such as IR, MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D-NMR and by comparison with the data reported previously. Extracts from Spermacoce articularis gave two compounds, identified as ursolic acid (1)and stigmasterol, while extracts from Spermacoce exilis yielded four compounds, ursolic acid(1), benzo[g]isoquinoline-5, 10-dione(2), stigmasterol and hexadecanoic acid(3). There was no previous phytochemical investigation on Spermacoce exilis.