Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inducing Flushing in Citrus Cultivars and Changes in Polyphenols Associated With Bud Break and Flowering

The presence of leaves in citrus inhibit axillary bud break which were released, in several citrus cultivars, as soon as leaves were removed. Since even the presence of small petiole alone was as effective in inhibiting bud growth in Satsuma trees as the whole leaf, this indicates that the supply of sugars or photosynthesis play little role in regulating bud break in Owari Satsuma trees. It appears that physical injury through complete defoliation may trigger hormonal stimulation that in turn initiates the metabolic processes leading to bud break. Majority of bud break from defoliation developed vegetative growth, but, as anticipated, chilling treatment in defoliated plants resulted in majority of buds breaking into flowers. Since differentiation of buds into vegetative or reproductive structures occur in the absence of leaves it indicates that in grapefruit, and possibly other citrus cultivars, metabolic processes leading to flowering occur within the resting bud tissue. Changes in the levels of specific polyphenols occur when buds begin to sprout as vegetative shoot, marked by increase in chlorogenic acid and naringenin levels. When buds develop into reproductive structures then such developmental change accompany dramatic rise in the levels of hesperidin, naringenin, and Apigenin-7-glucoside. In general, the results clearly show a strong inhibition of axillary bud sprouting even with the presence of a small portion of the leaf. Very distinct changes in the levels of specific polyphenols were associated with bud sprouting to vegetative shoot and when it develops into flower.
Do individual salaries depend on the performance of the peers? Prototype heuristic and wage bargaining in the NBA

This paper analyzes the link between relative market value of representative subsets of athletes in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and individual wages. NBA athletes are categorized with respect to multiple performance characteristics utilizing the k-means algorithm to cluster observations and a group's market value is calculated by averaging real annual salaries. Employing GMM estimation techniques to a dynamic wage equation, we find a statistically significant and positive effect of one-period lagged relative market value of an athlete's representative cluster on individual wages after controlling for past individual performance. This finding is consistent with the theory of prototype heuristic, introduced by Kahneman and Frederick (2002), that NBA teams' judgment about an athlete's future performance is based on a comparison of the player to a prototype group consisting of other but comparable athletes.
Analysis of Multi-environment Grain Yield Trials in Mung Bean Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek Based on GGE Bipot in Southern Ethiopia

The objective of this research was to evaluate and to quantify the magnitude of the genotype × environment interaction effects on mung bean grain yield and to determine the winning genotype for the test environments. Seven mung bean genotypes were tested at three locations for over two years. The grain yield data for each environment (location year combination) was first subjected to analysis of variance using generalized linear model. Mean grain yields of genotypes for the environments were computed to generate a genotype and environment two-way table data for the GGE biplot analysis. The analysis revealed the presence of significant genotype x environment interactions for grain yield. Location effect explained more than 60% of the total grain yield variation. GGE biplot analysis depicted the adaptation pattern of genotypes at different environments and discrimination ability of testing environments. MH-96-4, shown to have the potential of combining high yield with stable performance, can be recommended for production in mung bean growing ecologies in southern Ethiopia.
Temporal variation of energy reserves in mayfly nymphs (Hexagenia spp.) from Lake St Clair and western Lake Erie

SUMMARY 1. We analysed changes in energy reserves (lipid and glycogen) and length–weight relationships of burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia spp.) in 1997–99 to compare an established population in Lake St Clair with a recovering population in western Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes. In addition, we measured changes in water temperature and potential food in both water columns and sediments. 2. Although overall mean values of lipid and glycogen levels of Hexagenia nymphs from Lake St Clair and western Lake Erie were not significantly different, there were differences in seasonal patterns between the two lakes. In Lake St Clair, levels were highest in early spring, declined throughout the year, and reached their lowest levels in fall during all 3 years of study. In contrast, levels in western Lake Erie were lower in spring, increased to a maximum in summer, then declined in fall. Seasonal patterns in length–weight relationships were similar to those for lipid and glycogen. 3. Total lipid as a percentage of dry weight did not increase with developmental stage of nymphs until just prior to metamorphosis and emergence from water. However, the major reserve lipid, triacylglycerols, increased systematically with development stage. In the final stage of development, triacylglycerols declined, probably as a result of energy consumption and its conversion to other biochemical components for metamorphosis and reproduction. 4. Indicators of potential food (algal fluorescence in the water column and chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a/phaeophytin ratio in sediments) suggest that Hexagenia in Lake St Clair have a food source that is benthic based, especially in early spring, whereas in western Lake Erie nymphs have a food source that is water column based and settles to the lake bottom during late spring and summer.
Deficiency of the Space Syntax method as an urban design tool in designing traditional urban space and the need for some supplementary methods

Urban design problems have become so complex that no single designer is able to consider all aspects of a design area simultaneously. Lately the application of computerized and scientific methods have helped designers analyze complex problems. One of these new methods is Space Syntax. The purpose of this study is to first investigate the strengths and weaknesses of this method and then suggest some supplementary methods to cover its pitfalls. On the next phase Space Syntax and supplementary methods will be used to design a pedestrian pathway in the Imamzade Ghasem neighborhood as a traditional context. Space Syntax will identify the existing spatial structure and direct future changes toward its strengthening. The case study reveals that Space Syntax can be successfully used in analysis of traditional spaces, but in order to successfully design a neighborhood in such a complex context, it involves logistical shortcomings which could be eliminated through supplementary methods.
Design for forces induced by seismic torsion 1

Eccentricities between the centres of rigidity and centres of mass in a building cause torsional motion during an earthquake. Seismic torsion leads to increased displacement at the extremes of the building and may cause distress in the lateral load-resisting elements located at the edges, particularly in buildings that are torsionally flexible. For an equivalent static load method of design against torsion, the 1995 National Building Code of Canada specifies values of the eccentricity of points through which the inertia forces of an earthquake should be applied. In general, the code requirements are quite conservative. They do not place any restriction on the torsional flexibility, however. New proposals for 2005 edition of the code which simplify the design eccentricity expressions and remove some of the unnecessary conservatism are described. The new proposals will require that a dynamic analysis method of design be used when the torsional flexibility of the building is large. Results of analytical studies, which show that the new proposals would lead to satisfactory design, are presented.
Commons @ Laurier Scholars Commons @ Laurier Experiences of Burnout Among Adolescent Female Gymnasts: Experiences of Burnout Among Adolescent Female Gymnasts: Three Case Studies Three Case Studies

Within the current study, the process of adolescent burnout is considered in relation to perceived contributors, symptoms, consequences, and subsequently, effective and ineffective coping strategies. Through case studies, the researchers sought the burnout experiences of three competitive female gymnasts. Participants were selected based on scores obtained from Raedeke and Smith’s (2001) Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the process, athlete data were considered in tandem with interviews from at least one parent and one coach. Transcribed data were segmented into meaning units, coded into a hierarchy of themes and verified by each respondent. Despite common trends among the participants, differences were also found in relation to symptoms, contributors, and the progression of the condition. Implications are provided for the athlete/parent/coach triad and also for sport psychologists.
Homology of non-$k$-overlapping discs

In this paper we describe the homology and cohomology of some natural bimodules over the little discs operad, whose components are configurations of non-$k$-overlapping discs. At the end we briefly explain how this algebraic structure intervenes in the study of spaces of non-$k$-equal immersions.
Deployed model of extremal system operation for solving optimal management problems

The reduced, simplified registration mathematical model of the system operation, obtained by scaling the registration signals of the basic model and determining the sum of the reduced, integrated flow rates by the input and output of the system under study was constructed. The studies of this traditional, for today model have shown the problem, associated with the existing approach in operations identification. As a result of using the agent model and system approach, it was found that registration model of the operation is not based on the data, actually describing the process under investigation. The new idea of the studied process has allowed to develop a method for constructing the reduced, deployed model of the operation. The deployed model of the operation allows to get access to data of operations at each point of the model of the operation process. The developed approach to constructing the mathematical model of the reduced deployed operation allows more accurate identification of the operation and its use to obtain new scientific results in the field of operations research.
COLLISION DETECTION USING BOUNDING VOLUME FOR AVATARS IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT APPLICATIONS

Virtual environment (VE) offers many excitement and challenges. It can be used as a meeting place for virtual inhabitants who often select a suitable avatar to portray their persona. Users of VE prefer things that realistically mimic their counterparts in real world. These include the looks and feel of things around them, as well as how they behave/react. In this case, VE requires fast update and realistic interaction to capture user fascination in using the system. The most important component in handling interaction in virtual environment is collision detection. The term collision detection refers to a task of determining whether two or more objects intersect. It is vital to perform collision detection with fast and minimal computation to facilitate realistic interaction in a dynamic system or to simulate realistic physical behaviors of entities in the virtual environment. In order to ensure fast collision detection, there are many proposed approaches to speed up the process. One of the acceleration techniques is by using bounding volume approach. This paper will discuss on the needs for collision detection among avatars in virtual environment, types of bounding volume that can be used in virtual environment and some experiment layouts. We will then suggest a future direction for our research based on the results from experiments that have been conducted.
ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN NURSES WORKING IN GOVERNMENT TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITALS OF PESHAWAR KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH JOB STRESS

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and intensity of anxiety and depression and its relationship with job stress among the nursing staff. Methodology: This cross sectional analytical descriptive study was conducted in three teaching hospitals of Peshawar from 1st August 2006 to 30th November 2006. Convenient sampling was used. The sample consisted of 700 nurses. Sociodemographic details were collected through a proforma. Self rating translated Job Stress Questionnaire was administered followed by self rating Urdu version of AKUAD scale for estimation of job stress and intensity of anxiety and depression. SPSS version 16 was used for statistics. Results: The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 100% with mean score of 41±10.70 and job stress 38.96±18.76. The prevelance of mild, moderate,severe and very severe degrees of anxiety and depression was 55.6%,39.3%,4.6% and 0.6% respectively. There was no significant correlation between total scores on (AKUADS) and job stress on JSQ (0.836 P≥0.5). Five items of job stress: Inability to satisfy patients (0.022, P ≤0.5), health hazards (o.oo3, P ≤o.5), dealing violent patients (0.001,P≤0.5),dealing abusive patients(0.043≤0.5) and shift work(0.027, P ≤0.05) showed statistically negative correlation with severity of anxiety and depression. Conclusion: All nurses in our study had anxiety and depression, majority were in mild to moderate intensity range. Although no significant relationship was observed between anxiety and depression and job stress as a whole, yet significant negative relationship with some aspects of job stress was found. The findings reflected a public health issue.
Analysis of stress-causing factors in the final undergraduate year of the nursing course - doi 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v34i2.9209

An exploratory and descriptive study that analyzed the intensity of stress caused by different situations is provided. The sample consisted of 47 final-year nursing students at the State University of Londrina and was carried out between July and September 2009. Data, obtained by a seven-item visual analogue scale and by a single open question on the perception of other stress sources, were analyzed through rating scores and resulted in a data table. Most students were rated at intensity 3 (38.3%) and 4 (36.2%), or rather, maximum overload stress for academic studies. Lack of leisure time and fear of unemployment after graduation were regarded as stress-causing situations, coupled to a feeling of being unprepared to exercise one's profession. Financial difficulties led to lower intensity but medium-significance factors for stress development. Interpersonal relationships received the lowest intensity scores. Results indicated future changes in the curriculum of the nursing course to minimize the suffering and harm to the students' mental health and to provide the full development of their emotional maturity.
Interactive comment on “ Ship and satellite observations over the ocean for verification of the shortwave cloud radiative effect in climate models ” by T .

1) Abstract: “In this study the accuracy of the radiative transfer scheme of the ECHAM climate model for reproducing the shortwave cloud radiative effect (SWCRE) at the sea surface has been investigated. ” The paper is actually more an evaluation of the different data sources used as input to the radiative transfer scheme than of the radiative transfer scheme itself. For example, the 6 experiments in the closure study differ by whether the calculations are specified using surface observations or satellite observations, and there is a lot of emphasis on the value of including satellite retrieved cloud effective radius in the calculations. There does not appear to be any actual evaluation of the accuracy of the radiative transfer scheme itself. Please clarify.
The Study of Life History: Gandhi

The study of lives as wholes has not yet been well developed in the social sciences, though a good many anthropologists, psychologists, political scientists, and sociologists have written about its importance. These authors agree that a main shortcoming in such study is the lack of suitable concepts to make up a coherent frame of reference. Three procedural suggestions, the ideas of adaptation, dimension, and turning, may be useful for the beginnings of such a frame. These suggestions are intended as guidelines for the collection and analysis of data. Their applicability is illustrated in the life history of Gandhi, a man whose life is worth studying for a number of reasons.
Ion exchange in birnessite

Ion exchange isotherms for the sodium form of birnessite, a layered manganese oxide common in soils, were determined using isotope dilution analysis, by employing 22 Na to pre-label the solid. The results were represented by plotting the equivalent ionic fraction of an entering cation in the ion exchanger versus the equivalent ionic fraction of the entering cation remaining in solution. Studying these ion exchange isotherms for sodium-univalent (i.e. NH4–Na, Li–Na, K–Na, and Cs–Na) and sodium-divalent pairs (Mg–Na, Ca–Na, Sr–Na and Ba–Na) on 22 Na-birnessite made it possible to obtain a clear picture of the exchangeable sites available in birnessite. The isotherms also gave an estimation of the effect of cations likely to be present in aqueous environments on the uptake of the fission product radioisotopes of caesium and strontium onto soils.
HAPLOTYPE AND MERISTIC VARIATIONS OF OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS AND ITS HYBRIDS PRESENT IN SELECTED RESERVOIRS IN SRI LANKA

The Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus was introduced from Africa’s to Sri Lanka in the 1970s. Since then tilapia has dominated in most of the reservoir fisheries in Sri Lanka. The genetic and meristic variation of the domesticated tilapia was studied using polymorphisms in mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) and by analysis of morphometric and meristic characters. Ninety seven fish from three locations, namely Kurunegala, Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa and ten control samples from the brood stock of the Udawalwe Tilapia Breeding Centre were collected. The genetic analysis targeted 16Sr region of mitochondrial genome. The Meristic analysis included fourteen meristic counts, which were subjected to discriminant analysis and cluster analysis. The PCR- SSCP procedure of the mt-DNA resolved eight haplotypes that overlapped between the four locations. The meristic and the genetic composition were common within the three domesticated fish populations collected from Kurunegala, Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa and the brood stock of the Udawalwe Tilapia Breeding Centre. The results of this study will significantly contribute towards new inferences regarding management of the brood stocks and the wild stocks of tilapia aquaculture. Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension 16(4): 2013: page 114-122
The importance of bacterivorous protists in the decomposition of stream leaf litter

1. Allochthonous organic matter, in the form of senesced leaves, is a major source of carbon supporting detrital food webs. While studies have documented the role of bacteria and fungi in the decomposition of leaf litter, little information is available regarding the role of protists in the decomposition process. 2. We tested the hypothesis that the presence of stream-dwelling bacterivorous protists leads to an increased rate of leaf decomposition through grazing pressure on bacteria. We isolated live protists from decomposing leaves collected in a stream in Northern Virginia, U.S.A. (Goose Creek) and established laboratory cultures of common bacterivorous protists. 3. Recently senesced leaves from the field were used in laboratory microcosm experiments to determine if the rate of litter decomposition differed between four treatments: bacteria only, bacteria + flagellates, bacteria + flagellates + ciliates, autoclaved stream water (control). We determined the dry weight of leaf remaining, bacterial abundance, flagellate abundance and ciliate abundance for each replicate on days 0, 7, 14, 30, 60 and 120. 4. The rate of leaf decomposition was significantly higher in treatments with protists than without and bacterial abundance declined in protist treatments compared with bacteria only treatment. Weight loss in the presence of flagellates was three to four times higher when protists were present compared with treatments with bacteria alone. These results provide experimental evidence that protists could play a significant role in the detrital processes of streams.
Does price react to fixed price tender offer share buyback announcement

This paper investigates stock market reactions to share buyback announcements, specifically with the fixed price tender offer mechanism. An event study methodology was used to examine stock price reaction of 30 observations involving 21 listed companies surrounding the announcement dates. Two models, namely market adjusted return (MAR) and the single index market models (SIMM) were utilised to compute abnormal returns.Eventhough most literature in the western market found positive abnormal returns, this study reveals that investors gain zero abnormal returns out of these announcements. The post announcement result shows a zero abnormal return which implies that the Malaysian stock market is semi-strongly efficient due to this announcement. Finally, evidence also shows that none of the implications forwarded in the theories could be supported in this study.
Physiological potential of soybean seeds after maturation and submitted to artificial drying1

This study evaluated the physiological potential of soybean seeds harvested during two seasons, on different maturation stages and subjected to different drying temperatures. The seeds were harvested at the maturations stages R7, R7 + 2, R7 + 3, R7 + 5, R7 + 6, R7 + 7, R7 + 10 and R7 + 12 days (55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, and 20% of moisture content). For each maturation stage, seeds were divided into three samples: one sample was used to directly evaluate the physiological potential, and the others were dried at 40 °C and 50 °C, until reaching the moisture content of 11.5%. The physiological potential was evaluated through germination test, first germination count of germination, accelerated aging, modified cold, electrical conductivity and seedling emergence. The maximum physiological potential of seeds is achieved at the moisture content of 55%, the point that the dry matter is maximum. The seeds became tolerant to artificial drying approximately at the stage R7 + 7 days (30% of moisture content). Germination and vigor of the soybean seeds reduce as the drying temperature is increased from 40 °C to 50 °C, and this effect is enhanced when the seeds show moisture contents above 30%.