Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synergism of Tebufenozide in Resistant and Susceptible Strains of Obliquebanded Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Resistance to New Insecticides

Abstract Cross-resistance of the obliquebanded leafroller,Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), to tebufenozide wasreported from laboratory studies before it had been used in commercialorchards in New York State. Bioassays with obliquebanded leafrollerlarvae from tebufenozide and organophosphate susceptible and resistantcolonies were conducted with chlorfenapyr, emamectin benzoate,fenoxycarb, fipronil, spinosad, and tebufenozide to determine ifcross-resistance was present before these new insecticides wereintroduced into commercial orchards. Resistance ratios ranged from 1.1to 3.2 for all insecticides except tebufenozide (12.8). Significantdifferences between susceptible and resistant colonies were found withemamectin benzoate, fenoxycarb, and fipronil. The effect of themetabolic synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM)on tebufenozide toxicity was examined to determine mechanisms forobliquebanded leafroller resistance to tebufenozide and potentialmechanisms for other new insecticides. At a concentration of 20 ppm,PBO and DEM significantly synergized the toxicity of tebufenozide inresistant and susceptible colonies (three- to fourfold). Obliquebandedleafrollers may be resistant to new insecticides with distinct modes ofaction even if these compounds have not been previously used incommercial orchards.
Identifying Functional Modules Using MST-Based Weighted Gene Co-Expression Networks

This paper proposes an effective method for identifying functional modules of the weighted gene co-expression network using a minimum spanning tree (MST) approach coupled with network neighborhood connectivity. The MST-based gene co-expression network was reconstructed to serve as the backbone of gene co-expression network. Highly connected hub genes were identified based on the connectivity of the backbone network. All sub-networks were extracted by expanding from the hub genes to their neighborhood genes. Finally, functional modules were identified by integrating sub-networks with similar gene expression profiles. We tested the method with both simulated and autism spectrum disorder microarray data sets. The results show that our approach is better in highlighting the hub genes and can effectively identify functional modules with highly enriched pathways.
Reduction or prevention of aspirin‐induced occult gastrointestinal blood loss in man

The purpose of this study was to determine if the occult gastrointestinal blood loss produced by aspirin administered in the form of conventional tablets may be reduced or prevented by using aspirin in solutions. Fifty‐seven healthy subiects received 2.6 or 3.9 Gm. of aspirin daily for 8 day periods. Blood loss in the feces was determined by the Cr51 method. The average daily blood loss was 0.5 ml. during drug‐free control periods and 3 ml. above control values when aspirin tablets were taken. After calcium‐aspirin solution with low buffer capacity and a calcium‐sodium‐aspirin solution with medium buffer capacity, average daily blood loss was 48 and 32 per cent of that produced by aspirin tablets. Highly buffered sodium‐aspirin solutions, with or without acetaminophen and caffeine, caused no bleeding. Thus, aspirininduced occult gastrointestinal blood loss may be reduced significantly or prevented by administering the drug in a solution of sufficient buffer capacity to reduce appreciably the acidity of gastric fluids. Since aspirin in solution not only causes little or no bleeding but also is more rapidly absorbed and yields higher drug concentrations in the plasma than do tablets, it is concluded that aspirin‐induced gastrointestinal bleeding is a local rather than a systemic effect under the experimental conditions.
Spectrum of bacteria associated with diabetic foot ulcer and biofilm formation: A prospective study.

BACKGROUND India has the world's largest number of diabetics. Non-traumatic lower limb amputation is the most common devastating complication of diabetes, primarily due to diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and diabetic foot infections (DFI). In India, the incidence of foot ulcers ranges from 8-17 per cent. DFIs are predominantly polymicrobial and multidrug-resistant (MDR) with the ability to form biofilm, which is an important virulence factor and results in treatment failure. AIMS The main objectives of the study are to identify the spectrum of multidrug-resistant bacteria associated with these infections, their antibiotic sensitivity pattern, and to detect the biofilm formation. METHODS This was a prospective study at a tertiary care hospital. One hundred patients over the age of 18, having chronic diabetic foot ulcer, and attending the surgery outpatient department were included. Samples of pus were collected from deep wounds and processed using standard techniques for culture and sensitivity. Biofilm detection was done. Results were compiled and statistically analysed. RESULTS One hundred samples were processed and 82 yielded positive cultures. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant organism, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofilm formation was seen in 38 (46.34 per cent) of the organisms. Biofilms were formed predominantly by Staphylococcus aureus (20 per cent). CONCLUSION The organisms causing chronic diabetic foot ulcers were commonly multidrug-resistant; this was also observed among biofilm formers. Therefore, screening for biofilm formation, along with the usual antibiogram, needs to be performed as a routine procedure in chronic diabetic ulcers to formulate effective treatment strategies for these patients.
Computer literacy of nurses in a community hospital: where are we today?

BACKGROUND As the use of electronic health records continues to grow, it is imperative that nurses gain competency and confidence with computers and computer software applications. METHODS A descriptive study of licensed registered nurses at a community hospital was completed to measure self-perceived computer literacy. The Gassert/McDowell Computer Literacy Survey© was used. The Pearson correlation was used to assess for a relationship between year of birth and computer literacy scores. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were conducted to assess for a relationship between educational level and computer literacy scores. RESULTS The nurses had little to no experience with nearly half of the items surveyed. A moderately positive correlation was seen between year of birth and computer literacy. The correlation between nurses' educational level and computer literacy was found to be statistically significant (p ≤ .05) CONCLUSION Basic computer classes may be beneficial to nurses, with training focused on specific skills, such as bibliographic database searching, to improve evidence-based practice.
Stage‐dependent depression of melatonin in patients with primary breast cancer. Correlation with prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, and steroid receptors

Serum melatonin was determined over 24 hours in 35 patients with breast cancer with either a fresh primary tumor (n = 23) or a secondary tumor (n = 12) and in 28 patients with untreated benign breast disease (controls) having a fibroadenoma (n = 10), fibrocystic mastopathy (n = 14), or other breast diseases (n = 4). Circadian rhythms existed in all groups with acrophases at 2 a.m. A 50% depression of peak and amplitude occurred in the group of patients with primary breast cancer compared with age‐matched controls (P < 0.001, P < 0.01). The peak declined with increasing tumor size: 27% at Stage T1, 53% at T2 (P < 0.001), and 73% at T3 (P < 0.05). In contrast, patients with secondary breast cancer, particularly those receiving antiestrogen therapy, had a melatonin peak similar to controls. These results demonstrated a transient depression of pineal melatonin secretion in primary breast cancer and indicated a dynamic role of the pineal gland in malignancy. To investigate some endocrine effects of a depressed melatonin peak, the 24‐hour rhythms of prolactin (PRL) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined in patients with primary breast cancer and compared with patients with secondary breast cancer. The PRL had significant circadian rhythms in both groups; but acrophases occurred at midnight in patients with secondary breast cancer, and there were unusually high concentrations at noon in patients with primary breast cancer. Circadian rhythms were not seen for TSH, but the 24‐hour average secretion was depressed by 45% (P < 0.01) in patients with primary breast cancer. The abnormal concentrations of PRL and TSH in these patients could be due to a depressed melatonin peak normally serving as a central circadian synchronizer and modulator of the secretion of adenohypophysial hormones. Additionally, a positive correlation existed between the nocturnal melatonin peak and progesterone and androgen receptor concentrations in primary tumors indicating a direct involvement of melatonin in the growth control of breast cancer.
The Nature of Divination

What is divination? In the broadest terms, if we consider oracle systems such as the Yi Jing (sometimes written “I Ching”) or the Tarot, it is the use of chance events to access one or more images from the oracle. Those images are taken to be directly related to the problem or question that is troubling the person and, because of this, they are interpreted in such a way as to shed light on the question being asked. In the Tarot, the mechanism of chance is the shuffling of the cards. In the Yi Jing, the mechanism is traditionally either the fall of coins or the division of a set of yarrow stalks into unpredictable bundles. The use of a chance procedure to consult the oracle sidesteps the rational mind and takes conscious choice out of the equation. Traditionally, it would be described as allowing a spiritual agent to manifest. Today, we might describe it as allowing the unconscious archetypes or sub-personalities of the person asking the question to express themselves.
Identification of DNA homologies among H incompatibility group plasmids by restriction enzyme digestion and Southern transfer hybridization

Plasmids belonging to the three HI plasmid incompatibility subgroups were characterized by the use of restriction enzymes and Southern transfer hybridization. A diversity of restriction enzyme patterns was noted among the HI subgroups, and a small amount of DNA homology was observed by probing these digests with a nick-translated HI1 plasmid. Within a single subgroup (HI1 and HI2), similar restriction enzyme patterns were noted. Plasmids of all three HI subgroups and the HII group had a guanine plus cytosine content of 49 to 50 mol%. The IncHII plasmid pHH1508a also showed some homology with the HI1 probe. The DNA homology observed is probably responsible for common phenotypic properties encoded by these plasmids.
Physician-Patient Relationship and Medication Compliance: A Primary Care Investigation

PURPOSE We assessed the relationship between 4 attributes of the physician-patient relationship and medication compliance. METHODS We conducted a waiting room survey of patients consulting 22 general practitioners in 14 randomly selected practices in Auckland, New Zealand (81% response rate). A total of 370 consecutive patients (75% response rate) completed survey instruments about 4 attributes of the physician-patient relationship. Continuity of care (assessed from use of a usual physician, length of continuity, and perceived importance of continuity) and trust in the physician were ascertained before the consultation. After the consultation the Patient Enablement Index measured the physician’s ability to enable patients in self-care, and concordance between the patient and physician was measured by a 6-item inventory of perceived agreement about the presenting problem and management, were ascertained immediately after the consultation. Compliance with prescribed medication therapy was ascertained by telephone follow-up 4 days after the consultation. RESULTS Overall, 220 patients (61%) received a prescription, and 79% of these patients were taking the medication at follow-up. In a univariate analysis adjusted for clustering, only trust and physician-patient concordance were significantly related to compliance. In analysis further adjusted for health and demographic factors, physician-patient concordance was independently related to compliance (odds ratio = 1.34, 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.72). CONCLUSIONS Primary care consultations with higher levels of patient-reported physician-patient concordance were associated with one-third greater medication compliance. An emphasis on understanding and facilitating agreement between physician and patient may benefit outcomes in primary care.
Resuspension of postlarval soft-shell clams Mya arenaria through disturbance by the mud snail Ilyanassa obsoleta

Transport and mortality of newly settled post larvae potentially have a large influence on the population dynamics and adult distributions of coastal benthic species, including the soft-shell clam Mya arenaria. Post-settlement transport typically occurs when boundary shear stresses are high enough to resuspend the surface sediments in which the small clams reside. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of disturbance by the mud snail Ilyanassa obsoleta on the hydrodynamic transport of recently settled M. arenaria. Laboratory flume experiments showed that disturbance by activities of I. obsoleta caused suspension of small clams (1.8 and 2.3 mm) at boundary shear velocities (1.0 and 1.3 cm s -1 ) that were too slow to suspend undisturbed clams. In shear velocities high enough to cause bulk sediment transport (1.4 and 2.0 cm s -1 ), more clams were suspended in the presence of snails than in their absence. Manipulative field experiments using cages to exclude snails demonstrated that abundances of juvenile M. arenaria (year- 1 recruits) were lower in sediments where snails were present than where snails were absent. These results suggest that biological disturbance, such as that imposed by activities of mobile, benthic deposit feeders, may play an important role in postlarval transport and, eventually, in the adult distributions of infaunal bivalves.
Maternal Prepregnancy Weight and Congenital Heart Defects in the Offspring

To determine the relation between having an infant with a major heart defect and a mother’s prepregnancy weight, we compared 1,049 Atlanta-area women who gave birth to liveborn or stillborn infants, each with a major heart defect, with 3,029 Atlanta-area women who gave birth to infants without birth defects. The infants of control women were randomly selected from birth certificates and were frequency-matched to the case group by race, birth hospital, and birth period from 1968 through 1980. After excluding diabetic mothers and adjusting for potential confounders, compared with average-weight women (body mass index 19.9–22.7), we found that underweight women (body mass index <16.5) were less likely to have a child with a major isolated heart defect [odds ratio (OR) = 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.43–0.97], whereas the OR was elevated among overweight or obese women (body mass index >26) (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 0.95–1.93). Using average-weight women who did not take periconceptional multivitamins as the reference group, periconceptional multivitamin use was associated with a reduced OR for isolated heart defects among average-weight women (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.36–0.99) and underweight women but not among overweight or obese women (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 0.69–3.84).
A neural fuzzy system with linguistic teaching signals

A neural fuzzy system learning with linguistic teaching signals is proposed. This system is able to process and learn numerical information as well as linguistic information. It can be used either as an adaptive fuzzy expert system or as an adaptive fuzzy controller. First, we propose a five-layered neural network for the connectionist realization of a fuzzy inference system. The connectionist structure can house fuzzy logic rules and membership functions for fuzzy inference. We use /spl alpha/-level sets of fuzzy numbers to represent linguistic information. The inputs, outputs, and weights of the proposed network can be fuzzy numbers of any shape. Furthermore, they can be hybrid of fuzzy numbers and numerical numbers through the use of fuzzy singletons. Based on interval arithmetics, two kinds of learning schemes are developed for the proposed system: fuzzy supervised learning and fuzzy reinforcement learning. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance and applicability of the proposed system. >
Sexual Victimization among Spanish College Women and Risk Factors for Sexual Revictimization

Sexual revictimization is frequent among victims of child sexual abuse. Several variables, such as sexual experience, substance abuse, and sexual assertiveness, have been proposed to explain the link between child sexual abuse and adolescent and adult sexual victimization, although they have typically been tested separately. The main objective of this study was to analyze which of these variables better explains the revictimization phenomenon using a multiple mediation analysis. The study also tested the frequency of sexual victimization experiences in a Spanish sample of college women. Four hundred and two women were interviewed. Results showed that 30.4% of them engaged in undesired sexual contact while almost 4% were victims of rape. The most frequent perpetrators were partners or ex-partners, acquaintances, or dating partners, but not strangers. Finally, the relationship between child sexual abuse and adolescent and adult sexual victimization was mediated by number of consensual sexual partners and sexual assertiveness. Results reflect some cultural differences from previous research.
Biomechanical research in artistic gymnastics: a review

Abstract Biomechanical research into artistic gymnastics has grown substantially over the years. However, most research is still skill oriented with few tries at generalization. Consequently, our understanding of the principles and bases of the sport, although improved, is still marginal with gaps in knowledge about technique attributes throughout the sport. For that reason, this review begins with an attempt to identify important variables contributing to successful performance. The review is presented in clusters of work in similar apparatuses culminating in Tables offering an ‘at a glance’ summary of knowledge in each cluster. The last section of the review tries to give some direction to future biomechanical research in gymnastics in issues relating to data collection — two‐dimensional or three‐dimensional, image size, frame rate — and analysis, such as descriptive or explanatory, simulation and optimization, and statistical issues.
Nurses' perception of shift handovers in Europe: results from the European Nurses' Early Exit Study.

AIM This paper reports a study exploring nurses' perceptions of the shift handover and the possible reasons for reported dissatisfaction in 10 European countries. BACKGROUND The nursing handover fulfils a number of purposes and has important consequences for the continuity of patient care and nurses' satisfaction with the quality of care they are able to provide. However, the performance and function of shift handovers in health care is a widely neglected topic in practice and research. METHOD The Nurses' Early Exit Study (http://www.next-study.net) investigates the working conditions of nurses and variables influencing nursing retention. The data for this analysis were collected between 2002 and 2003 by self-report questionnaires in 10 European countries. FINDINGS The percentage of nurses dissatisfied with shift handovers ranged from 22% in England to 61% in France. In most countries the main reason for dissatisfaction with shift handovers was 'too many disturbances', followed by 'lack of time'. Most countries showed similar associations of dissatisfaction with qualification level and occupational seniority, but not with position and type of shift. 'Poor quality of leadership' and 'poor support from colleagues', were strongly associated with dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS In several (but not all) European countries, shift handovers may be a frequent cause for nurses' irritation. The underlying causes appear to be of an organizational nature. The findings have implications for solutions. Further debate and research should clarify the different purposes of shift handovers and relate them to handover style and to the quality of patient care.
Homologs of vertebrate Opn3 potentially serve as a light sensor in nonphotoreceptive tissue

Most opsins selectively bind 11-cis retinal as a chromophore to form a photosensitive pigment, which underlies various physiological functions, such as vision and circadian photoentrainment. Recently, opsin 3 (Opn3), originally called encephalopsin or panopsin, and its homologs were identified in various tissues including brain, eye, and liver in both vertebrates and invertebrates, including human. Because Opn3s are mainly expressed in tissues that are not considered to contain sufficient amounts of 11-cis retinal to form pigments, the photopigment formation ability of Opn3 has been of interest. Here, we report the successful expression of Opn3 homologs, pufferfish teleost multiple tissue opsin (PufTMT) and mosquito Opn3 (MosOpn3) and show that these proteins formed functional photopigments with 11-cis and 9-cis retinals. The PufTMT- and MosOpn3-based pigments have absorption maxima in the blue-to-green region and exhibit a bistable nature. These Opn3 homolog-based pigments activate Gi-type and Go-type G proteins light dependently, indicating that they potentially serve as light-sensitive Gi/Go-coupled receptors. We also demonstrated that mammalian cultured cells transfected with the MosOpn3 or PufTMT became light sensitive without the addition of 11-cis retinal and the photosensitivity retained after the continuous light exposure, showing a reusable pigment formation with retinal endogenously contained in culture medium. Interestingly, we found that the MosOpn3 also acts as a light sensor when constituted with 13-cis retinal, a ubiquitously present retinal isomer. Our findings suggest that homologs of vertebrate Opn3 might function as photoreceptors in various tissues; furthermore, these Opn3s, particularly the mosquito homolog, could provide a promising optogenetic tool for regulating cAMP-related G protein-coupled receptor signalings.
A novel small molecule RAD51 inactivator overcomes imatinib-resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia

RAD51 recombinase activity plays a critical role for cancer cell proliferation and survival, and often contributes to drug‐resistance. Abnormally elevated RAD51 function and hyperactive homologous recombination (HR) rates have been found in a panel of cancers, including breast cancer and chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Directly targeting RAD51 and attenuating the deregulated RAD51 activity has therefore been proposed as an alternative and supplementary strategy for cancer treatment. Here we show that a newly identified small molecule, IBR2, disrupts RAD51 multimerization, accelerates proteasome‐mediated RAD51 protein degradation, reduces ionizing radiation‐induced RAD51 foci formation, impairs HR, inhibits cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis. In a murine imatinib‐resistant CML model bearing the T315I Bcr‐abl mutation, IBR2, but not imatinib, significantly prolonged animal survival. Moreover, IBR2 effectively inhibits the proliferation of CD34+ progenitor cells from CML patients resistant to known BCR‐ABL inhibitors. Therefore, small molecule inhibitors of RAD51 may suggest a novel class of broad‐spectrum therapeutics for difficult‐to‐treat cancers.