Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protracted core formation and rapid accretion of protoplanets

The chronology of planetary embryos Protoplanets, or early planetary embryos such as iron meteorite parent bodies, formed in the early protoplanetary disk from dust, debris, and planetesimals. Defining the precise chronology of accretion and differentiation—including core formation—of these planetary embryos will aid in a richer understanding of the chemical evolution of the solar system. Through high-precision tungsten isotope measurements, Kruijer et al. show that the timing of accretion and core formation for iron meteorite groups falls within 0.6 to 2 million years of the age of the solar system (see the Perspective by Elliott). Differences of timing within this group are probably a function of volatile contents of the parent bodies or spatial and chemical heterogeneity within the protoplanetary disk. Science, this issue p. 1150; see also p. 1086 Tungsten isotopes record the chronology of accretion and core formation of iron meteorite groups. [Also see Perspective by Elliott] Understanding core formation in meteorite parent bodies is critical for constraining the fundamental processes of protoplanet accretion and differentiation within the solar protoplanetary disk. We report variations of 5 to 20 parts per million in 182W, resulting from the decay of now-extinct 182Hf, among five magmatic iron meteorite groups. These 182W variations indicate that core formation occurred over an interval of ~1 million years and may have involved an early segregation of Fe-FeS and a later segregation of Fe melts. Despite this protracted interval of core formation, the iron meteorite parent bodies probably accreted concurrently ~0.1 to 0.3 million years after the formation of Ca-Al–rich inclusions. Variations in volatile contents among these bodies, therefore, did not result from accretion at different times from an incompletely condensed solar nebula but must reflect local processes within the nebula.
Delayed rectifier outward K+ current mediates the migration of rat cerebellar granule cells stimulated by melatonin

Melatonin (MT) may work as a neuromodulator through the associated MT receptors in the central nervous system. Previously, our studies have shown that MT increased the IK current via a G protein‐related pathway. In the present study, patch‐clamp whole‐cell recording, transwell migration assays and organotypic cerebellar slice cultures were used to examine the effect of MT on granule cell migration. MT increased the IK current amplitude and migration of granule cells. Meanwhile, TEA, the IK channel blocker, decreased the IK current and slowed the migration of granule cells. Furthermore, the effects of MT on the IK current and cell migration were not abolished by pre‐incubation with P7791, a specific antagonist of MT3R, but were eliminated by the application of the MT2R antagonists K185 and 4‐P‐PDOT. IK current and cell migration were decreased by the application of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP), which was in contrast to the MT effect on the IK current and cell migration. Incubation with dbcAMP essentially blocked the MT‐induced increasing effect. Moreover, incubation of isolated cell cultures in the MT‐containing medium also decreased the cAMP immunoreactivity in the granule cells. It is concluded, therefore, that IK current, downstream of a cAMP transduction pathway, mediates the migration of rat cerebellar granule cells stimulated by MT.
Behavioral economic predictors of brief alcohol intervention outcomes.

OBJECTIVE The present study attempted to determine whether behavioral economic indices of elevated alcohol reward value, measured before and immediately after a brief alcohol intervention, predict treatment response. METHOD Participants were 133 heavy drinking college students (49.6% female, 51.4% male; 64.3% Caucasian, 29.5% African American) who were randomized to 1 of 3 conditions: motivational interviewing plus personalized feedback (brief motivational interventions; BMI), computerized personalized feedback intervention (electronic check-up to go; e-CHUG), and assessment only. RESULTS Baseline level of alcohol demand intensity (maximum consumption) significantly predicted drinks per week and alcohol problems at 1-month follow-up and baseline relative discretionary expenditures on alcohol significantly predicted drinks per week and alcohol problems at 6-month follow-up. BMI and e-CHUG were associated with an immediate postsession reduction in alcohol demand (p < .001, ηp2 = .29) that persisted at the 1-month follow-up, with greater postsession reductions in the BMI condition (p = .02, ηp2 = .06). Reductions in demand intensity and Omax (maximum expenditure) immediately postintervention significantly predicted drinking reductions at 1-month follow up (p = .04, ΔR2 = .02, and p = .01, ΔR2 = .03, respectively). Reductions in relative discretionary expenditures on alcohol at 1-month significantly predicted drinking (p = .002, ΔR2 = .06,) and alcohol problem (p < .001, ΔR2 = .13) reductions at the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that behavioral economic reward value indices may function as risk factors for poor intervention response and as clinically relevant markers of change in heavy drinkers.
Causative organisms and somatic cell counts in subclinical intramammary infections in milking goats in the uk

The bacterial causes of subclinical mastitis were determined in samples of milk taken from one half of the udders of 159 goats in three different herds. The mean prevalence of subclinical infection was 33 per cent, with prevalences of 26 per cent, 39 per cent and 42 per cent in the three herds. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from seven (13 per cent) of the 53 infected halves, coagulase-negative staphylococci accounted for 47 per cent, Corynebacterium species for 31 per cent and α-haemolytic streptococci for 6 per cent of the infected samples. The mean somatic cell count of the uninfected milk samples was 428,000 cells/ml, and 93 per cent of uninfected samples had counts less than 1,000,000 cells/ml; the mean cell count of the infected samples was 2,785,000 cells/ml.
Insect Resistance Management for Stored Product Pests: A Case Study of Cowpea Weevil (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

ABSTRACT The cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), can cause up to 100% yield loss of stored cowpea seeds in a few months in West Africa. Genes expressing toxins delaying insect maturation(MDTs)are available for genetic engineering.Asimulation model was used to investigate the possible use of MDTs for managing C. maculatus. Specifically, we studied the effect of transgenic cowpea expressing an MDT, an insecticide, or both, on the evolution of resistance by C. maculatus at constant temperature. Transgenic cowpea expressing only a nonlethal MDT causing 50–100% maturation delay did not control C. maculatus well. Mortality caused by a maturation delay improved the efficacy of transgenic cowpea expressing only a lethal MDT, but significantly reduced the durability of transgenic cowpea. Transgenic cowpea expressing only a lethal MDT causing 50% maturation delay and 90% mortality controlled C. maculatus better than one expressing only a nonlethal MDT, but its durability was only 2 yr.Weconcluded that transgenic cowpea expressing only an MDT has little value for managing C. maculatus. The resistance by C. maculatus to transgenic cowpea expressing only an insecticide rapidly evolved. Stacking a gene expressing a nonlethal MDT and a gene expressing an insecticide in transgenic cowpea did not significantly improve the durability of an insecticide, but stacking a gene expressing a lethal MDT and a gene expressing an insecticide in transgenic cowpea significantly improved the durability of an insecticide and an MDT. We also discussed this approach within the idea of using transgenic RNAi in pest control strategies.
Serogroups, Atypical Biochemical Characters, Colicinogeny and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Shiga Toxin‐producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Diarrhoeic Calves in Gujarat, India

This study was designed to investigate the antibiotic resistance, colicinogeny, serotyping and atypical biochemical characteristics of 41 Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains detected using polymerase chain reaction from 90 E. coli strains isolated from 46 diarrhoeic calves. The STEC strains belonged to 14 different serogroups. Seventeen per cent of the STEC strains carried the eaeA gene while 14.28% of the 49 non‐STEC strains were eaeA positive. Twenty eight (68.29%) of the 41 STEC strains were rhamnose non‐fermentors. All the STEC strains revealed resistance to at least three of the antibiotics tested. 100% resistance was found against kanamycin and cephalexin followed by cephaloridine, enrofloxacin, amikacin, ampicillin, tetracycline, ceftiofur, ciprofloxacin, colistin and co‐trimoxazole. Eighteen (44%) of the STEC strains produced colicin and all these colicinogenic strains were resistant to three or more antibiotics. Eleven STEC strains (26.82%) showed urease activity. The results of this study suggest that diarrhoeic calves are an important reservoir of STEC strains that are potentially pathogenic for farm animals and humans. Moreover, rhamnose fermentation, colicinogeny and atypical biochemical behaviour, such as urease activity, may serve as important markers or diagnostic tools for epidemiological surveys to trace the source of infection in disease outbreaks.
Prevalence of breast cancer in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, between 1988 and 2002

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Studies have shown increased prevalence rates for breast cancer, relating to higher incidence, longer survival and breast cancer prevention programs among populations. The aim here was to analyze the annual prevalence of breast cancer in Goiânia over a 15-year period. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study on women with breast cancer diagnosed in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, from 1988 to 2002. METHODS: The breast cancer cases were identified in the database of the Population-Based Cancer Registry of Goiânia. The 15-year period was stratified into three five-year periods. The cases were followed up for five years, and the mortality database was used to exclude deaths. The population of the official census was used as the denominator for rate calculations. RESULTS: The coefficient of breast cancer prevalence in Goiania was 22.87/100,000 in 1988 and 220.22/100,000 women in 2002. The analyses for periods showed that in the first period, the rate was 19.39/100,000 and that it was 44.79/100,000 in the last period. For the fifteen years analyzed, the prevalence rate for breast cancer was 127.24/100,000 women. The annual percentage change was 27.07 (P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, CI: 20.79-33.67) from 1988 to 1992 and 9.39 (P < 0.001; 95% CI: 8.52-10.25) from 1992 to 2002. CONCLUSION: There was an increase in the breast cancer prevalence rate in the city of Goiânia between 1988 and 2002, possibly relating to the improvement in the screening and treatment of breast cancer.
An outbreak of viral meningitis associated with a public swimming pond

From July to October 2001, 215 cases of aseptic meningitis occurred among the inhabitants of the German city of Kassel and neighbouring counties. A matched case-control study identified bathing in a public, nature-like pond during the beginning of the outbreak as a risk factor for disease [matched odds ratio (mOR) 44·8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3·9–515·6]. Among bathers, patients with meningitis spent more time in the water (mOR 18·8, 95% CI 2·0–174·1) and swallowed water more frequently (mOR=7·3, 95% CI 0·7–81·8). Of 30 cerebrospinal fluid samples tested, echovirus 30 was cultured from 16, and echovirus 13 from seven. An echovirus 30 sequence obtained from one pond water sample showed a 99% nucleotide and 100% amino-acid homology with patient isolates. This outbreak demonstrates the potential of nature-like swimming ponds to cause widespread community infection with substantial public health impact.
Functional Proteomics Establishes the Interaction of SIRT7 with Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Expands Its Role in Regulation of RNA Polymerase I Transcription*

Among mammalian sirtuins, SIRT7 is the only enzyme residing in nucleoli where ribosomal DNA is transcribed. Recent reports established that SIRT7 associates with RNA Pol I machinery and is required for rDNA transcription. Although defined by its homology to the yeast histone deacetylase Sir2, current knowledge suggests that SIRT7 itself has little to no deacetylase activity. Because only two SIRT7 interactions have been thus far described: RNA Pol I and upstream binding factor, identification of proteins and complexes associating with SIRT7 is critical to understanding its functions. Here, we present the first characterization of SIRT7 interaction networks. We have systematically investigated protein interactions of three EGFP-tagged SIRT7 constructs: wild type, a point mutation affecting rDNA transcription, and a deletion mutant lacking the predicted coiled-coil domain. A combinatorial proteomics and bioinformatics approach was used to integrate gene ontology classifications, functional protein networks, and normalized abundances of proteins co-isolated with SIRT7. The resulting refined proteomic data set confirmed SIRT7 interactions with RNA Pol I and upstream binding factor and highlighted association with factors involved in RNA Pol I- and II-dependent transcriptional processes and several nucleolus-localized chromatin remodeling complexes. Particularly enriched were members of the B-WICH complex, such as Mybbp1a, WSTF, and SNF2h. Prominent interactions were validated by a selected reaction monitoring-like approach using metabolic labeling with stable isotopes, confocal microscopy, reciprocal immunoaffinity precipitation, and co-isolation with endogenous SIRT7. To extend the current knowledge of mechanisms involved in SIRT7-dependent regulation of rDNA transcription, we showed that small interfering RNA-mediated SIRT7 knockdown leads to reduced levels of RNA Pol I protein, but not messenger RNA, which was confirmed in diverse cell types. The down-regulation of RNA Pol I protein levels placed in the context of SIRT7 interaction networks led us to propose that SIRT7 plays a crucial role in connecting the function of chromatin remodeling complexes to RNA Pol I machinery during transcription.
Communication Disorders and Use of Intervention Services Among Children Aged 3-17 Years: United States, 2012.

KEY FINDINGS Nearly 8% of children aged 3-17 years had a communication disorder during the past 12 months. • Children aged 3-6 years, boys, and non-Hispanic black children were more likely than other children to have had any communication disorder. • Approximately 55% of children aged 3-17 years who had any communication disorder received an intervention service during the past 12 months. • Among those with any communication disorder, younger children, boys, and non-Hispanic white children were more likely than other children to receive an intervention service for their disorder.
A fetal alcohol syndrome screening tool.

The purpose of this study was to derive a multivariate, quantitative case definition of the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) facial phenotype from a dysmorphologist-derived gold standard and use it to develop an effective screening tool for identification of children at risk for FAS. The facial and physical features of a racially mixed group of children (0.2-10.0 years of age), evaluated by a single dysmorphologist in the University of Washington FAS Clinic, were used to determine which feature or set of features best differentiated between children with and without a diagnosis of FAS. The study population was divided into two groups balanced on gender, age at examination, race, diagnosis, and date of examination. Group 1 was used to identify the most differentiating feature(s), and group 2 was used to validate the differentiating capability of the feature(s). Group 1 included 97 children (20 with FAS and 77 without FAS). Group 2 included 97 children (19 with FAS and 78 without FAS). Discriminant analysis identified smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, and short palpebral fissures as the cluster of features that best differentiated children with and without FAS based on the discriminant function [D = 1.7953086 + 0.8116083 (thin upper lip) + 2.6411562 (smooth philtrum)-3.4073780 (% predicted right palpebral fissure length)]. Patients with a D-score > or = 1.5 were classified as at-risk for FAS (screen positive). Using this cut-off value for the D-score, children in group 1 were classified with 100% sensitivity (20 of 20 true positives) and 90.0% specificity (70 of 77 true negatives). The children in group 2 were classified with 100% sensitivity (19 of 19 true positives) and 87.3% specificity (68 of 78 true negatives). Across all 194 patients, sensitivity was 100% [95% confidence interval (97-100)] and specificity was 89% [95% confidence interval (85 to 93)]. Seventy-one percent (n = 12) of the 17 false-positives had a true classification of possible fetal alcohol effects. Sensitivity and specificity were unaffected by race, gender, and age through 10 years. The screening tool is effective at differentiating children with and without FAS as diagnosed by a single dysmorphologist (S.K.C) at the University of Washington FAS Clinic. Assessment of diagnostic interrater agreement between trained dysmorphologists and testing in other clinic populations will be needed to assess the tool's external validity.
ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN PRAKTIK PERTANIAN SAYURAN ORGANIK DI KECAMATAN PARONGPONG KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT

Increased demand for organic vegetables in Indonesia proves that business opportunities of organic vegetables are still wide. However, the number of farmers who cultivate organic vegetables is very limited. This is the basis of thinking about the sustainability of organic vegetable farming practices in Cisarua Subdistrict of West Bandung Regency. This research aimed to analyze the sustainability of organic vegetable farming in Cisarua Subdistrict, in terms of ecological, economic, social, technology and infrastructure, and institutional dimensions. This research was a qualitative research. Respondents in this study were all organic vegetable farmers in Cisarua Subdistrict that required 8 people. The data were analyzed to measure the sustainability status by using multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis. The results showed that the ecological, economic, technology and infrastructure, and institutional dimensions had sustainable status, while that of the social dimension less sustainable. These results indicate that in the development of organic vegetable farming, farmers need support from agricultural extension institution association, and marketing of agricultural products.
A Survey on State-of-the-Art Drowsiness Detection Techniques

Drowsiness or fatigue is a major cause of road accidents and has significant implications for road safety. Several deadly accidents can be prevented if the drowsy drivers are warned in time. A variety of drowsiness detection methods exist that monitor the drivers’ drowsiness state while driving and alarm the drivers if they are not concentrating on driving. The relevant features can be extracted from facial expressions such as yawning, eye closure, and head movements for inferring the level of drowsiness. The biological condition of the drivers’ body, as well as vehicle behavior, is analyzed for driver drowsiness detection. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the existing methods of driver drowsiness detection and presents a detailed analysis of widely used classification techniques in this regard. First, in this paper, we classify the existing techniques into three categories: behavioral, vehicular, and physiological parameters-based techniques. Second, top supervised learning techniques used for drowsiness detection are reviewed. Third, the pros and cons and comparative study of the diverse method are discussed. In addition, the research frameworks are elaborated in diagrams for better understanding. In the end, overall research findings based on the extensive survey are concluded which will help young researchers for finding potential future work in the relevant field.
Dietary toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes and fullerenes (C60) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract The objective of this investigation was to compare the toxicity of two manufactured carbon nanomaterials (CNs) to determine if shape influenced toxicity. Juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were fed a control diet (no CN addition), or a diet supplemented with 500 mg single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) kg−1 or 500 mg C60 kg−1 for six weeks. Fish growth, haematology, tissue ion concentrations, histopathology, osmoregulation, and biochemistry were evaluated. At week 4, but not on weeks 2 and 6, significant elevation in brain TBARS (an indication of lipid peroxidation) was observed in fish exposed to SWCNTs (16.2 ± 1.38 nmol mg−1 protein) compared to the control (9.11 ± 0.81 nmol mg−1 protein) and fish exposed to C60 (8.28 ± 0.56 nmol mg−1 protein). No other significant treatment-related differences were observed. Results indicate that dietary exposure to SWCNTs and C60 in rainbow trout did not result in overt toxicity.
A Case Study on Field Monitoring Analysis of Deep Foundation Pit in Soft Soils

Field monitoring in the process of excavation of foundation pit is an important measure to reduce the risk. This paper describes a case study of the filed monitoring data during the process of deep foundation pit excavation in soft soil areas. The displacements of the diaphragm wall top were analysed and found that the horizontal displacement showed the convex shape, while the vertical displacement showed the concave shape. Based on the field monitoring data, the deformation mode of lateral displacement of the diaphragm wall belonged to the composite mode. The relationship between maximum lateral displacement and excavation depth showed a strong linear correlation. The horizontal displacements of bracing pillar decreased with the increasing of bracing stiffness, while the effect of bracing stiffness on vertical displacements of bracing pillar could be ignored. The settlement profile computed using the method of Hsieh and Ou was in good agreement with the field observations and better described the development trend of the ground surface settlement. The ratio of the maximum ground surface settlement (δvm) to the maximum lateral displacement of the diaphragm wall (δhm) was in the range of 0.74∼0.88, belonging to the range of 0.5∼1.0 proposed by Hsieh and Ou. This paper provides a reference basis and related guidance for similar projects.
Production planning and inventory control

A carpet is cleaned by establishing rubbing contact between the carpet and a cleaning pad thereby generating a charge of static electricity. The static charge is accumulated in sufficient magnitude to force migration of carpet soil into the pad. Alternatively, the static charge may be generated by rotation of a plastic static charge accumulator relative to stationary brushes in contact therewith.