Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognition and its relationship with endogenous and exogenous factors in engineering students

In this research, a relational study was carried out between student cognition with endogenous factors (student attitude and age) and exogenous (collegiate origin) in engineering students of the University of Cartagena. The project was carried out in three (3) phases where the survey allowed the desired information to be obtained from an estimated nine hundred sixty (960) students between 2014 and 2016. In the second phase, the instrument was used to collect the information, which was constituted the cognitive scale of the Self-Regulation Inventory for Learning (SRLI) and in the third phase, the independent endogenous and exogenous variables were crossed with the dependent one (student cognition), constructing the bar diagram of the relationship analysis; being possible to determine statistical significance with the attitude of the student to a level of confidence of 95% while with the age and collegial origin was not relevant.
Why and how people use location sharing services on social networking platforms in China

Along with the development of information communication technology, there are more and more location sharing services on social networking platforms. Although China has the largest number of internet users in the world, users just started to use location sharing services in the last three years. This study aims to investigate why and how people use location sharing services on social networking platforms in China. To address this, four research questions are presented and 43 in-depth face-to-face interviews are carried out in China. Our results indicated that most users were concerned about privacy issues when they were using location sharing services on social networking platforms. Somewhat surprisingly, some of the interviewees indicated that they were not aware of the availability of the location sharing services on social networking platforms and they did not know how to use location sharing services. Furthermore, with respect to privacy protection, most interviewees indicated that WeChat did a better job than Weibo in China. Lastly, the results revealed that users wanted to use authority management to deal with private issues raised by the shared location information on social networking platforms.
Decreased gastric prostaglandin E2 synthesis in patients with gastric ulcers and in smokers.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Prostaglandin inhibits gastric acid secretion and exerts protective action on the mucosa of the stomach. We studied the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to determine the role of PGE2 in peptic ulcer disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mucosal biopsies from 22 persons were obtained and incubated. PGE2 was then determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Compared to healthy subjects, patients with gastric ulcers or gastritis show diminished accumulation of PGE2 in the incubation medium. Other factors like age, gender, and alcohol consumption were also investigated, however, they do not influence endogenous prostaglandin production. In contrast, PGE2 synthesis was found to be decreased in smokers. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicates a deficiency in endogenous PGE2 synthesis as one cause of gastric ulcerations and offer an explanation of the higher incidence of gastric ulcer disease in subjects with nicotine abuse.
Variations in Ocean Surface Temperature due to Near-Surface Flow: Straining the Cool Skin Layer

Abstract The aqueous thermal boundary layer near to the ocean surface, or skin layer, has thickness O(1 mm) and plays an important role in controlling the exchange of heat between the atmosphere and the ocean. Theoretical arguments and experimental measurements are used to investigate the dynamics of the skin layer under the influence of an upwelling flow, which is imposed in addition to free convection below a cooled water surface. Previous theories of straining flow in the skin layer are considered and a simple extension of a surface straining model is posed to describe the combination of turbulence and an upwelling flow. An additional theory is also proposed, conceptually based on the buoyancy-driven instability of a laminar straining flow cooled from above. In all three theories considered two distinct regimes are observed for different values of the Peclet number, which characterizes the ratio of advection to diffusion within the skin layer. For large Peclet numbers, the upwelling flow dominates and .
An 86-Month Magnetic Resonance Imaging–based Study of Physically Active Young Adults

occur among military recruits, athletes, and sports enthusiasts as a result of excessive increase in the duration or intensity of exercise. These bone stress injuries occur in response to repetitive overloading of normal bone without adequate recovery time. Bone stress injuries of the metatarsal bones, or march fractures as initially described in military recruits, are reportedly the most common bone stress injuries of the foot. Of the metatarsals, the second and the third metatarsals are particularly involved. Bone stress injuries on the tensile side of the bone, or in bones with vulnerable blood supply areas such as the medial malleolus, the tarsal navicular, the base of the fifth metatarsal bone, and the first digit great toe sesamoids, can present a high risk for complete fracture, delayed union, or nonunion. Bone stress injuries of the distal Bone Stress Injuries of the Ankle and Foot
Lung scanning and exercise testing for the prediction of postoperative performance in lung resection candidates at increased risk for complications.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the value of preoperative lung scanning and exercise testing for the prediction of postoperative complications and of the short- as well as long-term performance in lung resection candidates at increased risk for complications. DESIGN Prospective clinical trial. SETTING Clinical pulmonary function laboratory in a university teaching hospital. PATIENTS Twenty-five (mean age, 63 years; 17 men) of 84 consecutive lung resection candidates were considered at increased risk for postoperative complications due to impaired pulmonary function (FEV1 < 2 L or diffusion of carbon monoxide [DCO] < 50% predicted, or FEV1 and DCO < or = 80% predicted combined with New York Heart Association dyspnea index > or = 2). INTERVENTIONS Candidates underwent radionuclide ventilation/perfusion scans and exercise testing to predict postoperative (= ppo) values for FEV1, DCO, and maximal O2 uptake (VO2max). They all underwent thoracotomy for neoplastic lesions; 7 had pneumonectomies, 18 lobectomies. Six patients had postoperative complications (within 30 days), of whom three died. Three and 6 months postoperatively, pulmonary function tests and VO2max were repeated. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS In the 22 survivors, the observed values were then compared with the predicted values. At 3 months, there were excellent correlations (absolute/predicted values): for FEV1 r = 0.78 and 0.81; for DCO, r = 0.77 and 0.74; and for VO2max, r = 0.71 and 0.83. The means of FEV1 and VO2max did not differ from the predicted values, whereas the predicted DCO was lower than the observed value (mL/min/mm Hg: 15.1 vs 17.9; percent predicted: 59.6 vs 70.9) (p < 0.05). At 6 months, correlations remained very good for FEV1 (r = 0.81 and 0.84) and for DCO (r = 0.76 and 0.74), but had decreased for VO2max to 0.56 and 0.65, respectively. All means were higher than predicted (p < 0.05) owing to recovery in the lobectomy group. Patients with postoperative complications (group B) had a lower preoperative VO2max in percent predicted (62.8 +/- 7.5% vs 84.6 +/- 19.7%) (p < 0.01) and also a lower VO2max-ppo (10.6 +/- 3.6 vs 14.8 +/- 3.5 mL/kg/min and 44.3 +/- 13.5 vs 68.0 +/- 20.7% predicted) (p < 0.05) than patients without complications (group A). A VO2max-ppo < 10 mL/kg/min was associated with a 100% mortality. Although FEV1-ppo and DCO-ppo were lower in group B, the difference did not reach significance. CONCLUSIONS Radionuclide-based calculations of postoperative VO2max are predictive of operative morbidity and mortality: a VO2max-ppo of < 10 mL/kg/min may indicate inoperability. Further, short-term postoperative performance is accurately predicted by FEV1-ppo and VO2max-ppo, but long-term function is underestimated after lobectomy.
Preparation and Foliar Application of Oligochitosan - Nanosilica on the Enhancement of Soybean Seed Yield

Oligochitosan with weight average molecu-lar weight (Mw) of 5000 g/mol was prepared by gamma Co-60 radiation degradation of 4% chitosan solution containing 0.5% H2O2 at 21 kGy. Nanosilica with size of 10 – 30 nm was synthesized by calcination of acid treated rice husk at 700o C for 2 h. The mixture of 2% oligo-chitosan-2% nanosilica was prepared by dispersion of nanosilica in oligochitosan solution. Oligochitosan, nanosilica and their mixture were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), transmission electr-on microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Furrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Effect of foliar application of oli-gochitosan and oligochitosan-nanosilica on soybean seed yield was conducted in experimental field. Results indi-cated that soybean seed yield increased 10.5 and 17.0% for oligochitosan and oligochitosan-nanosilica, respect-tively for the control. Radiation degraded oligo-chitosan and its mixture with nanosilica can be potentially used for cultivation of soybean with enhanced seed yield.
Internet in Britain: 2007

Launched by the Oxford Internet Institute in 2003, Oxford Internet Surveys (OxIS) have become an authoritative source of information about Internet access, use and attitudes – and the difference this makes for everyday life – in Britain. Areas covered include: digital and social inclusion and exclusion; regulation and governance of the Internet; privacy, trust and risk concerns; and uses of the Internet, including social networking, entertainment and online education. The OxIS 2007 survey is the third in a series, with previous surveys conducted in 2003 and 2005. Each has used a multi-stage national probability sample of 2000 people in the UK, enabling us to project estimates to Britain as a whole.
Anatomical variation of left internal jugular vein: clinical significance for an anaesthesiologist

Background and objectives: Cannulation of a central vein is an everyday procedure in anaesthesiology. However, anatomical variations of the size and/or location of the internal jugular vein might prevent cannulation, while repeated efforts might lead to severe complications. The aim of this retrospective study was to explore anatomical abnormalities of the internal jugular vein with regard to diameter of the vein's lumen and to define their clinical significance. Methods: The cervical regions of 93 cadavers, 186 sides in total, were dissected and the anatomical variations of internal jugular vein diameters in relation to the external jugular vein and to the common carotid artery were recorded and photographed. Results: The diameter of the veins in three cases were less than 6 mm, while ipsilateral external jugular veins were larger than average (3/93). Conclusions: Anatomical variations of the internal jugular veins are clinically significant, especially in cases where venous access is important.
Energy cost of isolated resistance exercises across low- to high-intensities

This study aimed to estimate the energy cost across various intensities at eight popular resistance exercises: half squat, 45° inclined leg press, leg extension, horizontal bench press, 45° inclined bench press, lat pull down, triceps extension and biceps curl. 58 males (27.5 ± 4.9 years, 1.78 ± 0.06 m height, 78.67 ± 10.7 kg body mass and 11.4 ± 4.1% estimated body fat) were randomly divided into four groups of 14 subjects each. For each group, two exercises were randomly assigned and on different days, they performed four bouts of 5-min constant-intensity for each of the two assigned exercises: 12%, 16%, 20% and 24% 1-RM. Later, the subjects performed exhaustive bouts at 80% 1-RM in the same two exercises. The mean values of VO2 at the last 30s of exercise at 12, 16, 20 and 24% 1-RM bouts were plotted against relative intensity (% 1-RM) in a simple linear regression mode. The regressions were then used to predict O2 demand for the higher intensity (80% 1-RM). Energy cost rose linearly with exercise intensity in every exercise with the lowest mean values were found in biceps curl and the highest in half squat exercise (p<0.001). Half squat exercise presented significant (p<0.001) higher values of energy cost in all intensities, when compared with the remaining exercises. This study revealed that low-intensity resistance exercise provides energy cost comprised between 3 and 10 kcal∙min-1. Energy cost rose past 20 kcal∙min-1 at 80% 1-RM in leg exercise. In addition, at 80% 1-RM, it was found that upper body exercises are less anaerobic than lower-body exercises.
Exploring the Extent of the Hikikomori Phenomenon on Twitter: Mixed Methods Study of Western Language Tweets

Background Hikikomori is a severe form of social withdrawal, originally described in Japan but recently reported in other countries. Debate exists as to what extent hikikomori is viewed as a problem outside of the Japanese context. Objective We aimed to explore perceptions about hikikomori outside Japan by analyzing Western language content from the popular social media platform, Twitter. Methods We conducted a mixed methods analysis of all publicly available tweets using the hashtag #hikikomori between February 1 and August 16, 2018, in 5 Western languages (Catalan, English, French, Italian, and Spanish). Tweets were first classified as to whether they described hikikomori as a problem or a nonproblematic phenomenon. Tweets regarding hikikomori as a problem were then subclassified in terms of the type of problem (medical, social, or anecdotal) they referred to, and we marked if they referenced scientific publications or the presence of hikikomori in countries other than Japan. We also examined measures of interest in content related to hikikomori, including retweets, likes, and associated hashtags. Results A total of 1042 tweets used #hikikomori, and 656 (62.3%) were included in the content analysis. Most of the included tweets were written in English (44.20%) and Italian (34.16%), and a majority (56.70%) discussed hikikomori as a problem. Tweets referencing scientific publications (3.96%) and hikikomori as present in countries other than Japan (13.57%) were less common. Tweets mentioning hikikomori outside Japan were statistically more likely to be retweeted (P=.01) and liked (P=.01) than those not mentioning it, whereas tweets with explicit scientific references were statistically more retweeted (P=.01) but not liked (P=.10) than those without that reference. Retweet and like figures were not statistically significantly different among other categories and subcategories. The most associated hashtags included references to Japan, mental health, and the youth. Conclusions Hikikomori is a repeated word in non-Japanese Western languages on Twitter, suggesting the presence of hikikomori in countries outside Japan. Most tweets treat hikikomori as a problem, but the ways they post about it are highly heterogeneous.
Source Cues and Policy Approval: The Cognitive Dynamics of Public Support for the Reagan Agenda

Research in the field of political cognition has proceeded at a rapid pace, offering numerous new perspectives regarding the dynamics of mass political behavior. However, the primary focus of most such research has been the individual actor. For example, the political relevance of heuristic principles of judgment has been addressed in a variety of recent studies, all of which examine individual-level data. However, though it is certainly true that psychological processes operate on the individual, it is also quite clear that the political significance of mass behavior typically is found at the collective level. Thus, it is essential that researchers specify the aggregate consequences of those psychological processes that operate on the political judgments of the individual citizen. In this article, a unique aggregate-level data set is introduced to aid in examination of the broad significance of heuristic processing of source cues. The analysis reveals clear evidence that this individuallevel cognitive efficiency mechanism exerts influence on the shape and character of mass opinion.
Factors associated with pelvic asymmetry in transverse plane during gait in patients with cerebral palsy

The purpose of this study was to describe the patterns of pelvic rotational asymmetry in the transverse plane and identify the possible factors related to this problem. One thousand and forty-five patients with cerebral palsy (CP) and complete documentation in the gait laboratory were reviewed in a retrospective study. Pelvic asymmetry in the transverse plane was observed in 52.7% of the patients; and to identify the possible causes of pelvic retraction, clinical (Thomas test, popliteal angle, and gastrocnemius tightness) and dynamic parameters (mean rotation of the hip in stance, minimum hip flexion, minimum knee flexion, and peak ankle dorsiflexion) were evaluated. The association between these parameters and pelvic retraction was assessed statistically. The results showed that 75.7% of patients with asymmetric pattern of the pelvis had clinical diagnosis of diplegic spastic CP. Among the patients with asymmetrical CP, the most common pattern was pelvic retraction on the affected side. The relationship between pelvic retraction and internal hip rotation was stronger in patients with asymmetrical diplegic CP than in those with hemiplegic (P<0.001) or symmetrical diplegic CP (P = 0.014). All of the patients exhibited a significant association among clinical parameters (Thomas test, popliteal angle, and gastrocnemius tightness) and pelvic retraction. In conclusion, pelvic retraction seems to be a multifactorial problem, and the etiology can change according to topographic classification, which must be taken into account during the decision-making process in patients with CP.
Clinical application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by obstruction and chronic infections of the respiratory tract and pancreatic insufficiency. The gene was cloned in 1989 and the most frequent mutation was shown to be the ΔF508 mutation. During PGD, embryos obtained in vitro are checked for the presence or absence of the mutation, after which only embryos shown to be free of the mutation are returned to the mother. Up to 1999, 48 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles had been carried out for PGD for CF in 24 couples, and different diagnostic tests had been used to select non‐affected embryos. Thirteen patients became pregnant and 12 healthy babies have been born. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Value of PET in the assessment of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1.

OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to investigate the use of PET in the detection of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five patients with NF1 who underwent whole-body PET for suspected MPNST based on clinical symptoms or radiologic examinations were retrospectively evaluated. Ten patients underwent additional carbon-11 (11C) methionine PET because of equivocal 18F-FDG PET findings or because of a discrepancy between the FDG PET and clinical findings. PET images were evaluated for the distribution and uptake pattern, and the standardized uptake values (SUVs) were obtained. Twenty-seven patients underwent biopsy or surgery of the detected lesions and 18 patients were followed up clinically and with repeat imaging studies. RESULTS Fifty lesions were identified on FDG PET. There were eight false-positive results and one false-negative on FDG PET. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of FDG PET in detecting MPNSTs in patients with NF1 were 95%, 72%, 71%, 95%, and 82%, respectively. Using 11C methionine PET in combination with FDG PET reduced the number of false-positive results from eight to two, which increased the specificity from 72% to 91%. In five patients, 11C methionine FDG PET contributed additional information about nontarget lesions that influenced treatment planning. CONCLUSION FDG PET is a sensitive technique in the detection of MPNSTs in patients with NF1. The addition of 11C methionine PET increases specificity in equivocal cases. PET may improve preoperative tumor staging by detecting metastases or second primary tumors, which often are present in patients with NF1.
Transformational teachership: How principles of transformational leadership foster student outcomes

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.iii DEDICATION.iv INTRODUCTION . 1 Transformational Leadership . 2 Transformational Leadership in the Educational Context . 6 Transformational Teachership: A New Model . 13 Transformational Leadership and Student Engagement . 23 Student Engagement Framework . 26 Psychological meaningfulness. 27 Psychological safety. 32 Self-efficacy. 35 Other Student Outcomes: Satisfaction, Effort, & Performance . 38 Perceived Student Satisfaction . 39 Student Effort . 41 Student Performance . 42 Summary of Current Study . 44 METHOD . 45 Participants . 45 Procedures . 45 Undergraduate student participants. 45 Teachers and training program. 47 Measures . 49 RESULTS . 55 Preliminary Analyses . 55 Control Variables . 56 Hypothesis 1. 57 Hypotheses 2, 4, and 6 . 59
Utility of routine viral load, CD4 cell count, and clinical monitoring among adults with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in Uganda: randomised trial

Objective To evaluate the use of routine laboratory monitoring in terms of clinical outcomes among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Uganda. Design Randomised clinical trial Setting A home based ART programme in rural Uganda. Participants All participants were people with HIV who were members of the AIDS Support Organisation. Participants had CD4 cell counts <250 cells × 106/L or World Health Organization stage 3 or 4 disease. Interventions Participants were randomised to one of three different monitoring arms: a viral load arm (clinical monitoring, quarterly CD4 counts, and viral load measurements), CD4 arm (clinical monitoring and CD4 counts), or clinical arm (clinical monitoring alone). Main outcome measures Serious morbidity (newly diagnosed AIDS defining illness) and mortality. Results 1094 participants started ART; median CD4 count at baseline was 129 cells × 106/L. Median follow-up was three years. In total, 126 participants died (12%), 148 (14%) experienced new AIDS defining illnesses, and 61(6%) experienced virological failure, defined as two consecutive viral loads >500 copies/mL occurring more than three months after the start of ART. After adjustment for age, sex, baseline CD4 count, viral load, and body mass index, the rate of new AIDS defining events or death was higher in the clinical arm than the viral load arm (adjusted hazard ratio 1.83, P=0.002) or the CD4 arm (1.49, P=0.032). There was no significant difference between the CD4 arm and the viral load arm (1.23, P=0.31). Conclusion In patients receiving ART for HIV infection in Uganda, routine laboratory monitoring is associated with improved health and survival compared with clinical monitoring alone. Trial registration Clinical Trials NCT00119093.