Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Degradation of Carbamazepine and Ibuprofen by TiO 2 & ZnO Photocatalysis upon UV/Visible-Light Irradiation

The degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) and ibuprofen (IBP) in aqueous matrices was investigated by TiO2 and ZnO photocatalysis initiated by UV-A and visible-light irradiation. Emphasis was given on the effect of operating parameters on the degradation effectiveness, such as catalyst type and loading (50 - 500 mg/L), initial drug concentration (10, 40, 80 mg/L) and wavelength of irradiation (200 - 600 nm). In an effort to understand the photocatalytic pathway for CBZ and IBP removal in terms of primary oxidants, the contribution of HO· was evaluated. With this scope, the radical-mediated process was suppressed by addition of an alcohol scavenger, isopropanol, (i-PrOH), described as the best free hydroxyl radical quencher. The photodegradation rate of the pharmaceuticals was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). According to the results, visible-light exposure, at λexc > 390 nm, takes place as a pure photocatalytic degradation reaction for both compounds. IBP was found to have overall high conversion rates, compared to CBZ. IBP oxidized fast under photocatalytic conditions, regardless the adverse effect of the increase of initial drug concentration, or low catalyst load, irradiation upon visible-light, by either titania or zinc oxide. Finally, addition of isopropanol showed a significant inhibition effect on the CBZ degradation, taken as an evidence of a solution-phase mechanism. In the case though of IBP degradation, the hole mechanism may be prevailing, suggested by the negligible effect upon addition of isopropanol indicating a direct electron transfer between holes (h+) and surface-bound IBP molecules. A plausible mechanism of IBP and CBZ photocatalysis was proposed and described.
TNFRSF11A and TNFSF11 are associated with age at menarche and natural menopause in white women

Objective: Menarche and menopause mark the lower and upper limits of the female reproductive period. The timing of these events influences women's health in later life. The onsets of menarche and menopause have a strong genetic basis. We tested two genes, TNFRSF11A (RANK) and TNFSF11 (RANKL), for their association with age at menarche (AM) and age at natural menopause (ANM). Methods: Nineteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TNFRSF11A and 12 SNPs of TNFSF11 were genotyped in a random sample of 306 unrelated white women. This sample was analyzed for the association of the SNPs and common haplotypes with AM. Then, a subsample of 211 women with natural menopause was analyzed for the association of both genes with ANM. Smoking, alcohol intake, and duration of lactation were applied as covariates in the association analyses. Results: Three polymorphisms of TNFSF11 were associated with AM: rs2200287 (P = 0.005), rs9525641 (P = 0.039), and rs1054016 (P = 0.047). Two SNPs of this gene, rs346578 and rs9525641, showed an association with ANM (P = 0.007 and P = 0.011, respectively). Two SNPs of TNFRSF11A were associated with AM (rs3826620; P = 0.022) and ANM (rs8086340; P = 0.015). Multiple SNP-SNP and SNP-environment interaction effects on AM and ANM were detected for both genes. One polymorphism of TNFRSF11A, rs4436867, was not directly associated with either trait but indicated significant interactions with four TNFSF11 polymorphisms on ANM. Two other TNFRSF11A polymorphisms, rs4941125 and rs7235803, showed interaction effects with several TNFSF11 polymorphisms on AM. Both genes manifested significant interaction with the duration of breast-feeding in their effect on ANM. Conclusions: The TNFRSF11A and TNFSF11 genes are associated with the onset of AM and ANM in white women.
A Role for the p42/44 Isoforms of Mapk in the Regulation of Steroid Secretion from Y1 Mouse Adrenocortical Cells

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily of enzymes comprise three distinct signal transduction cascades incorporating the p54 stressactivated protein kinases (SAPKs or c-Jun N-terminal kinases), the p38 subfamilies and the p42 and p44 extracellular signal-regulated kinases (~42144) [I]. The p42/44 MAPK isoforms play a major role in cellular proliferation and differentiation and may also be involved in short term signalling events such as secretory responses. In this study we have investigated whether the ~42144 activities are important in the regulation of steroid secretion by Y1 mouse adrenocortical cells. Mitochondria1 protein extracts were prepared from Y 1 cells by differential centrifugation as described in Jones et al, 2000 [2]. Protein extracts (1 OOpg) were separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and probed with an antibody that recognises the 42 and 44 kDa isoforms of MAPK. Figure 1 clearly demonstrates the expression of p42/44 in mitochondria1 extracts of Y 1 cells.
Peritoneal Fluid Cytology in Clinical Cases of Bovine Obstructive Urolithiasis

Thirty clinical cases of obstructive urolithiasis, 15 with intact urinary bladder and 15 with ruptured urinary bladder, were used to study the changes in peritoneal fluid cytology. The percentage of neutrophils was highly increased than the normal reference range reported for cattle with slight decrease in lymphocyte percentage. The value for neutrophil percent was almost similar in both intact and ruptured urinary bladder cases. The monocyte/mesothelial cells/macrophage percent, though increased than the normal reference range were identical in both the groups. There was a predominant decrease in eosinophil percentage with more decrease in intact urinary bladder cases. Polymorphonuclear-to-mononuclear cell ratio was same in both the groups, but higher than the normal reference value (1:1). Eosinophils ≤ 8% and neutrophil ≥ 30% could be established as a reference range of peritonitis in calves. Red blood corpuscles (RBCs) were totally absent in the peritoneal fluid samples obtained from intact urinary bladder cases except in one case. However, in the peritoneal fluid samples obtained from ruptured urinary bladder cases, RBCs were found in abundance in 3 cases and very few in 2 cases. The morphology and the different cell type present in the peritoneal fluid samples also varied according to the status of urinary bladder. In intact urinary bladder cases, neutrophils were mature and nondegenerate, while in ruptured urinary bladder cases degenerate and hypersegmented neutrophils were more. Mesothelial cells were equally distributed in both the groups. Bacteria were found extracellularly as well as intracellularly in degenerate neutrophils in 4 cases with ruptured urinary bladder and only extracellularly in 2 cases with intact urinary bladder. Peritoneal fluid cytology can be used for differentiation of peritonitis from normal cases and non septic peritonitis from septic peritonitis besides diagnosing the uroperitoneum in calves.
Transverse Mode Spurious Resonance Suppression in Lamb Wave MEMS Resonators: Theory, Modeling, and Experiment

This paper presents a transverse mode suppression theory and its experimental verification through aluminum nitride Lamb wave resonators (LWRs) operating at 142 MHz. An effective 2-D approximation model of the LWR is proposed, based on which the origin of transverse modes in LWR is investigated. The displacement distribution, resonant frequencies, and electromechanical coupling coefficients (k2t) of the main mode and its auxiliary transverse modes are obtained. A spurious mode suppression theory in terms of the expression of k2t in the 2-D model is proposed. Three kinds of electrodes are designed to suppress the transverse mode adjacent to the main mode, including a novel interdigital transducer gap technique that is reported for the first time. With the applicable geometries, these methods reduce the spurious response from 11.8 to <;0.5 dB, without significantly affecting the figure of merit of the resonator.
In defence of (social) democracy: on health inequalities and the welfare state

This issue features a comparative study by Guarnizo-Herreno et al 1 on oral health inequalities in European welfare states. Looking at socioeconomic (occupational, educational and subjective social status) inequalities in functional dentition and edentulousness among adults aged 45 years and over, using data from the 2009 Eurobarometer, the authors conclude that relative and absolute health inequalities are present in all European welfare states (n=21) and that they are not smaller (and may actually be largest) in the social democratic welfare states of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. This is consistent with the findings of a growing body of comparative research into the international patterning of inequalities in health by welfare state regime, whereby the social democratic welfare states fare best in terms of general population health outcomes (eg, life expectancy of all social groups tends to be higher) but less well in terms of socioeconomic inequalities in health.2 ,3 The findings of Guarnizo-Herreno and colleagues1 are similar to those for self-reported health,4 ,5 oral quality of life6 and obesity, smoking and mortality,7 for which ‘no evidence for systematically smaller inequalities in health in countries in northern Europe (Scandinavia)’ were found.7 Reviews of the political and welfare determinants of health have concluded similarly.3 ,8 ,9 This mismatch between doing well in overall health outcomes while doing less well in terms of reducing health inequalities …
Effects of substitution of pellet of Moringa oleifera to commercial feed on rabbit's digestion, growth performance and carcass trait

Article history: Received on: 27/08/2012 Revised on: 15/09/2012 Accepted on: 20/09/2012 Available online: 28/09/2012 A Seventy day feeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of dietary pellets of Moringa oleifera leaves (PML) on digestibly, weight gain and carcass trait of growing rabbits. Solar drying of M. Oleifera leaves is carried out before its transformation in pellets for the conservation of raw material. The PML were substituted to the commercial feed at level of 0, 10 and 15% to formulate diets of PML0 (control), PML10 and PML15 respectively. Forty five growing rabbits, 35-55 days of age, were allocated to three treatment groups with five replicates in a completely randomized design. Pellets of M. oleifera were completely consumed. Digestibility of crude proteins was higher (p <0.05) for diets PML10 (75%) and R15 (70.5%). The best weight gains and feed conversion ratios were obtained in rabbits fed PML10 and PML15 diets respectively for 4.43: 1 and 4.63: 1. The rabbit’s carcass yield ranged from 60.6 to 64.5%. Pellets of M. oleifera can be substituted at a level of 15% to the commercial feed with a positive effect on weight gains and carcass characteristics of rabbits. The rabbit’s meat of this type of feed ingredient present a good sensory quality.
Pipelle endometrial sampling versus conventional dilatation & curettage in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding.

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of Pipelle endometrial sampling with conventional dilatation & curettage in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and forty patients with abnormal uterine bleeding were included in this comparative study; where endometrial sampling was carried out before cervical dilatation by Pipelle device followed by conventional dilatation & curettage (D&C). The histopathology report of the Pipelle sample was compared with that of the dilatation & curettage sample and the dilatation & curettage reports were considered as the gold standard. RESULTS 100% of the samples obtained by conventional D&C, while 97.9% of the samples obtained by the Pipelle device were adequate for histopathological examination. The histolopathological examination of 140 samples obtained by conventional D&C revealed proliferative endometrium in 37 specimens, secretory endometrium in 33 specimens, endometrial hyperplasia in 49 specimens (45 without atypia & 4 with atypia), endometritis in 8 specimens, endometrial polyps in 3 specimens and malignant endometrium in 10 specimens. In this study; the Pipelle device had 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 100% accuracy for diagnosing endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma, proliferative and secretory endometrium. Also, it had 88.9% sensitivity, and 99.2% negative predictive value (NPV) and 99.3% accuracy for diagnosing endometritis and it had 60% sensitivity, 89.6% NPV and 98.6% accuracy for diagnosing endometrial polyps. CONCLUSION The endometrial sampling using Pipelle is a safe, accurate, cost effective outpatient procedure, which avoids general anesthesia and has a high sensitivity and specificity for detection of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial malignancy.
Upper gastrointestinal contrast study in the management of small bowel obstruction--a prospective randomised study.

OBJECTIVE To find out whether contrast radiography helps to resolve small bowel obstruction. DESIGN Prospective randomised trial. SETTING University hospital, Norway. SUBJECTS 98 consecutive patients with symptoms of small bowel obstruction and a plain abdominal radiograph that confirmed the diagnosis. INTERVENTIONS The patients were randomly allocated to receive a mixture of barium and sodium diatrizoate (Gastrografin) (n = 48) or not (n = 50). Both groups were followed up clinically and by repeated abdominal films. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Non-operative resolution of small bowel obstruction; number of patients with strangulated bowel; bowel resections; mortality; complications; hospital stay; and time from admission to operation. RESULTS No significant differences were observed between the groups in the incidence of non-operative resolution (31/48 in contrast group, 35/50 in control group, OR: 0.89), strangulation obstruction (1/48 in contrast group, 4/50 in control group, OR: 0.24), bowel resection (3/48 in contrast group, 4/50 in control group, OR: 0.76), complications (8/48 in contrast group, 5/50 in control group, OR: 1.80), mortality (3/48 in contrast group, 1/50 in control group, OR: 3.26), and hospital stay (0-7 days: 34/48 in contrast group, 38/50 in control group, p = 0.95). The contrast group had a shorter interval between admission and operation than the control group (0-24 hours: 12/48 in contrast group, 3/50 in control group, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION The contrast examination did not contribute to the resolution of small bowel obstruction.
A double-blind trial of a 16-hour transdermal nicotine patch in smoking cessation.

BACKGROUND The use of nicotine chewing gum combined with psychological support improves the success rate in quitting smoking. We studied the safety and efficacy of a transdermal nicotine patch in smoking cessation. METHODS We conducted a double-blind randomized study comparing the effects of a 16-hour nicotine patch (15 +/- 3.5 mg of nicotine in 16 hours) with those of a placebo patch. Of the 289 smokers (207 women and 82 men) enrolled in the study, 145 were treated with nicotine patches and 144 with placebo patches for 16 weeks. RESULTS Rates of sustained abstinence were significantly better with active treatment than with placebo: 53, 41, 24, and 17 percent of those in the nicotine-patch group were abstinent after 6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks, respectively, as compared with 17, 10, 5, and 4 percent of those in the placebo-patch group (P less than 0.0001). Only two subjects with the nicotine patch and one with the placebo patch had to withdraw from the study because of side effects. CONCLUSIONS The nicotine skin patch proved to be safe and effective, as demonstrated by a higher rate of abstinence than with placebo. However, the absolute rate of abstinence after one year was only 17 percent, which is lower than the rate in studies that have combined the use of nicotine chewing gum with behavioral therapy.
Concentrations of cefmetazole in plasma and tissue resulting from peri-incisional administration before appendectomy

The levels of cefmetazole in plasma and tissue were determined after injection of a dose of 30 mg/kg into the zone of the wound of each of 15 patients undergoing appendectomy. The mean plasma levels of cefmetazole at the start and end of surgery (8.9 +/- 2.4 and 31.7 +/- 6.4 min after dosage) were 21.1 and 59.0 micrograms/ml, respectively; concentrations of the drug were 14.6 and 4,486.9 micrograms/g in skin, 9,165.0 and 1,756.4 micrograms/g in subcutaneous tissue, and 8,669.6 and 2,022.9 micrograms/g in muscle.
Key points in dermoscopic differentiation between lentigo maligna and solar lentigo

A clinical diagnosis of lentigo maligna at an early stage is often difficult even for experienced dermatologists. Differential diagnoses would include solar lentigo, early lesions of seborrheic keratosis, lichen planus‐like keratosis, pigmented actinic keratosis and melanocytic nevus. Dermoscopy has been shown to have higher diagnostic accuracy, especially in the diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions, in the past two decades. To aim of the present study was to review the diagnostic key points on dermoscopy in the published work to differentiate lentigo maligna from other differential diagnoses and reassess these important features on dermoscopy for specificity by describing the findings in detail. Diagnostic key points for lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma on dermoscopy are asymmetrical pigmented follicular openings, rhomboidal structures, annular‐granular structures and gray pseudo‐network. Lentigo maligna, at first, seems to occur as asymmetrical pigmented follicular openings and/or annular‐granular structures, then expand and develop into the rhomboidal structures. Annular‐granular structures and gray pseudo‐network seem to be observed also in regressive areas of solar lentigo/initial seborrheic keratosis, lichen planus‐like keratosis and pigmented actinic keratosis. The four important criteria on dermoscopy for the diagnosis of lentigo maligna have been reviewed, and the former two criteria seem to be more specific, but it might be difficult to recognize these findings without misinterpretation. The latter two seem to be not so specific as they would also be demonstrated in other pigmented epidermal lesions, although the distribution of the structures in these disorders would be inclined to be more homogeneous than that of lentigo maligna.
Ethnicity and breast cancer: factors influencing differences in incidence and outcome.

BACKGROUND The lower breast cancer incidence in minority women and the higher breast cancer mortality in African American women than in white women are largely unexplained. The influence of breast cancer risk factors on these differences has received little attention. METHODS Racial/ethnic differences in breast cancer incidence and outcome were examined in 156,570 postmenopausal women participating in the Women's Health Initiative. Detailed information on breast cancer risk factors including mammography was collected, and participants were followed prospectively for breast cancer incidence, pathological breast cancer characteristics, and breast cancer mortality. Comparisons of breast cancer incidence and mortality across racial/ethnic groups were estimated as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from Cox proportional hazard models. Tumor characteristics were compared as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals in logistic regression models. RESULTS After median follow-up of 6.3 years, 3938 breast cancers were diagnosed. Age-adjusted incidences for all minority groups (i.e., African American, Hispanic, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and Asian/Pacific Islander) were lower than for white women, but adjustment for breast cancer risk factors accounted for the differences for all but African Americans (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.61 to 0.92) corresponding to 29 cases and 44 cases per 10,000 person years for African American and white women, respectively. Breast cancers in African American women had unfavorable characteristics; 32% of those in African Americans but only 10% in whites were both high grade and estrogen receptor negative (adjusted OR = 4.70, 95% CI = 3.12 to 7.09). Moreover, after adjustment for prognostic factors, African American women had higher mortality after breast cancer than white women (HR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.05 to 3.05) corresponding to nine and six deaths per 10 000 person-years from diagnosis in African American and white women, respectively. CONCLUSION Differences in breast cancer incidence rates between most racial/ethnic groups were largely explained by risk factor distribution except in African Americans. However, breast cancers in African American women more commonly had characteristics of poor prognosis, which may contribute to their increased mortality after diagnosis.
PENGARUH KONSEP DIRI TERHADAP PERILAKU KONSUMTIF MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS ESA UNGGUL

Mahasiswa sekarang ini memiliki ketertarikan yang cukup besar untuk mengikuti ‘mode’ yang beredar di pasaran yang menyebabkan mahasiswa membeli tanpa memperhatikan kegunaan barang tersebut, atau dengan kata lain adanya kecenderungan untuk berperilaku konsumtif. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi adalah konsep diri. Konsep diri dapat mempengaruhi keputusan seseorang dalam membeli. Kata kunci : konsep diri, perilaku konsumtif, mahasiswa Universitas Esa Unggul
Towards the Gamification of Learning: Investigating Student Perceptions of Game Elements

Games offer people engaging and motivating experiences. The process of recreating this type of experience in systems that are not typically considered games is called "gamification. " Improving engagement and motivation in a learning environment is desired by many educators as traditional approaches do not seem to be as engaging as they once were with students. Hence, gamification may be a useful tool to improve the learning environment. As a precursor to the development of a game-like learning system, we survey 51 undergraduate IT students to obtain their perceptions on game elements, which are the building blocks of what makes a game identifiable as such. All game elements that were presented to the respondents were highly rated. It was found that undergraduate students have a positive perception of systems that use game elements and are interested in its use for learning. Overall, students favored social interaction, engagement, feedback, and increased learning, which suggests that gamification is particularly suited to learning approaches such as social constructivism. We suggest that future work should include the development of a prototype for a game-like educational system that helps to provide useful feedback for students about their learning progress.
The processing and comprehension of wh-questions among second language speakers of German

ABSTRACT Using the self-paced reading paradigm, the present study examines whether highly proficient second language (L2) speakers of German (English first language) use case-marking information during the on-line comprehension of unambiguous wh-extractions, even when task demands do not draw explicit attention to this morphosyntactic feature in German. Results support previous findings, in that both the native and the L2 German speakers exhibited an immediate subject preference in the matrix clause, suggesting they were sensitive to case-marking information. However, only among the native speakers did this subject preference carry over to reading times in the complement clause. The results from the present study are discussed in light of current debates regarding the ability of L2 speakers to attain nativelike processing strategies in their L2.