Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contrasting similarities and differences between academia and industry: evaluating processes used for product development

The purpose of this paper is to explore the process-based similarities and differences between academia and industry projects engaged in product design and development. The literature discusses similarities and differences between various product development processes but there is little published regarding the methods used, the time spent in different stages, iterations between stages and the nature of the activities that happen in each stage in academia and industry. To investigate this two case studies of product development; one from academia and one from industry were contrasted using the framework of Ulrich and Eppinger’s product design and development process, combined with Frayling’s research model into, through and for design. This paper visually maps the differences and similarities between academic and industry product development processes used in timber products and construction sectors.
Financial Management and Economic Growth: The European Countries Experience

The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of financial development on economic growth applied to European Countries. The initial GDP per capita is negatively correlated with growth of real GDP per capita. Our study shows that there is convergence within European Countries for the period 1990-2009. This paper confirms relevant theoretical hypothesis as international trade and saving encourage the economic growth. The inflation has a negative impact on economic growth as previous studies.
New Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian) sauropodomorph tracks from the Trento carbonate Platform (Southern Alps, Northern Italy)

New Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian) sauropodomorph tracks from the Trento carbonate Platform (Southern Alps, Northern Italy) A new early Jurassic (late hettangian early sinemurian) dinosaur tracksite is reported from the trento Platform of the italian southern Alps. the trace fossils occur in a carbonate layer near the top of the Monte zugna Fm. (Gruppo dei calcari Grigi), early sinemurian in age. the poorly preserved footprints, detected by laser-scanner technique, are referable to medium sized sauropodomorph dinosaurs.
Price-cost markups and productivity dynamics of entrant plants

Micro-level productivity measurement su¤ers from unobserved markup variation when the quantities of input and outputs are proxied by nominal variables. Early literature often adjusts the revenue and input expenditure variables by aggregate price deators, but the idiosyncratic price e¤ects still remain in the productivity index. This is particularly important if the unobserved markup variation has a non-random distribution. For instance, recent empirical ndings (Eslava et al., 2004; Foster et al. 2008) show that entrants face asymmetric demand shocks that restrict their pricing behavior and pro tability in the start-up phase. In this paper, we derive a production function estimation methodology based on a control function approach that retrieves the markup estimates separately for the entrants and incumbents, and provides a productivity index that is adjusted according to the markup variation of the entrants. Our methodology does not require observing the prices at the micro-level, and the implications can be tested for widely available rm or plant level datasets. We test our predictions using plant-level data of the manufacturing industries in Japan and Korea. Our ndings show that entrants set on average lower markups than incumbents in both countries. Moreover, the contributions of entrants to aggregate productivity growth are higher with the adjusted productivity measure than those based on the standard labor and total factor productivity indices. Tinbergen Institute, VU University Amsterdam; ukilinc@feweb.vu. nl
Coping strategies, psychopathological symptoms, and posttraumatic growth following trauma and stressful life events

v List of Tables vii. Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Statement of the Problem 2 Significance of the Study 5 Purpose of the Study 5 Chapter 2: Literature Review 8 Chapter 3: Method 12 Context of the Study 13 Chapter 4: Results 18 Chapter 5: Discussion 25 Summary 25 Conclusions 25 List of References 31 Appendix A Alpha Reliabilities 35 Appendix B Correlations 36 Appendix C Regression Models Beta Weights 39 Appendix D Post Hoc Regression Models Beta Weights 41
International Financial Reporting Standards and Level of Compliance with Mandatory Disclosure Requirements

We investigate the level of compliance with the disclosure requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The disclosure level is based on the analysis of annual reports of 118 French firms listed on the NYSE Euronext after 2005. Based on standards for which previous studies are controversial, we use the 'dichotomous' approach and the alternative method named Partial Compliance (PC). Our findings suggest that firms do not totally comply with the disclosure requirements of IFRS. Our findings also support that the partial compliance approach provide significantly different score from the dichotomous approach. Precisely, the dichotomous approach provides a higher compliance score than the PC approach.
Analysis and synthesis of the behaviour of complex programmable electronic systems in conditions of failure

This paper introduces a new method for safety analysis which modifies, automates and integrates a number of classical safety analysis techniques to address some of the problems currently encountered in complex safety assessments. The method enables the analysis of a complex programmable electronic system from the functional level through to low levels of its hardware and software implementation. In the course of the assessment, the method integrates design and safety analysis and harmonises hardware safety analysis with the hazard analysis of software architectures. It also introduces an algorithm for the synthesis of fault trees, which mechanises and simplifies a large and traditionally problematic part of the assessment, the development of fault trees. In this paper, we present the method and discuss its application on a prototypical distributed brake-by-wire system for cars. We argue that the method can help us rationalise and simplify an inherently creative and difficult task and therefore gain a consistent and meaningful picture of how a complex programmable system behaves in conditions of failure.q 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
HUNTING DOWN HORIZON-SCALE EFFECTS WITH MULTI-WAVELENGTH SURVEYS

Next-generation cosmological surveys will probe ever larger volumes of the universe, including the largest scales, near and beyond the horizon. On these scales, the galaxy power spectrum carries signatures of local primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) and horizon-scale general relativistic (GR) effects. However, cosmic variance limits the detection of horizon-scale effects. Combining different surveys via the multi-tracer method allows us to reduce the effect of cosmic variance. This method benefits from large bias differences between two tracers of the underlying dark matter distribution, which suggests a multi-wavelength combination of large volume surveys that are planned on a similar timescale. We show that the combination of two contemporaneous surveys, a large neutral hydrogen intensity mapping survey in SKA Phase 1 and a Euclid-like photometric survey, will provide unprecedented constraints on PNG as well as detection of the GR effects. We forecast that the error on local PNG will break through the cosmic variance limit on cosmic microwave background surveys and achieve &sgr; ( f NL ) ≃ 1.4 − 0.5 ? > , depending on assumed priors, bias, and sky coverage. GR effects are more robust to changes in the assumed fiducial model, and we forecast that they can be detected with a signal-to-noise of about 14.
The Effects of Detailing on Prescribing Decisions under Two-Sided Learning

A fundamental question in pharmaceutical marketing management is: How does the effectiveness of detailing change when additional information on drugs is revealed via patients' experiences during the product lifecycle? To address this question, we develop a model of detailing and prescribing decisions which incorporates uncertainty about the quality of drugs. Our model assumes that not only physicians/patients, but also drug manufacturers are uncertain about the qualities of drugs, and a representative opinion leader is responsible for updating the prior belief about these qualities. Physicians are heterogeneous in their information sets, and drug manufacturers use detailing as a means to increase/maintain the measure of well-informed physicians. We explicitly model physicians' forgetting by allowing the measure of well-informed physicians to depreciate over time. We estimate our model using product level data of ACE-inhibitor with diuretic in Canada. Our estimation approach allows us to control for the potential endogeneity of detailing. The results show that our model is able to fit the diffusion pattern very well, the effectiveness of detailing depends on the current information set and the measure of well-informed physicians, and the role of detailing-in-utility is minimal. Using our parameter estimates, we examine how a public awareness campaign, which encourages physicians/patients to report their drug experiences, would affect managerial incentives to detail.
Estimation of Gender Wage Discrimination in the Portuguese Labour Market

Gender wage discrimination is a reality in the Portuguese labour market although little research has so far been carried out to measure its dimension. We think that economists should contribute to the knowledge of the dimension and significance of this phenomenon by giving guidelines for the definition of political measures to help reduce it. In this paper we measure the size of gender wage discrimination in the Portuguese labour market. Furthermore, we evaluate this measure for Portugal’s two main cities, Lisboa and Porto, using bootstrap techniques. The results suggest that in Porto gender wage discrimination would be expected to be lower than in Lisboa but with greater dispersion. The estimated values for discrimination range between numbers commonly found in studies of this kind.
Effect of delayed extraction and storage on quality of sugarcane juice

A study was conducted to determine the quality of sugarcane juice extracted from stored canes, as well as changes in quality of fresh juice stored at different temperatures. Cane stems were stored at 10 and 30°C, while the fresh juice was stored at 5 and 30°C. The parameters studied were juice yield, total soluble solids, total sugar content, titratable acidity, pH, viscosity, total microbial count and sensory evaluation for colour and flavor. Results showed that low temperature storage (10 ° C) of canes was able to maintain the quality of juice for 10 days, while low temperature storage (5°C) of juice could last for only 4 days. Spoilage of cane stored at 30°C occurred faster than that stored at 10°C. Fresh sugarcane juice became spoilt within a day when stored at 30°C. Microbial count (bacteria, yeast, fungi) especially lactic acid bacteria count increased, during storage of cane juice.
Potential threat to wildlife posed by enteric pathogens from Nakuru sewage treatment plant

SUMMARY A study was carried out to investigate the levels of faecal coliforms (FC), Salmonella spp, Shigella spp and Vibrio cholerae at different stages of wastewater treatment at Nakuru Town Sewage Treatment Plant (TSTP). The plant has two treatment lines namely trickling filter line (a combination of conventional/mechanical treatment units) and anaerobic pond line (wastewater stabilization ponds only). Standard methods were used for the enumeration of FC, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp and Vibrio cholerae. There was a decrease in microbial densities along both treatment lines up to third maturation pond followed by a progressive increase in the tertiary treatment units. The mean microbial levels achieved at different treatment stages of anaerobic pond line (APL) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that achieved along the trickling filter line (TFL). A mean of 1.08×103 FC 100 ml-1 achieved in the APL final effluent was significantly lower (P = 0.003, n = 14) than 1.49×104 FC 100 ml-1 obtained in the TFL final effluent. None of the treatment lines achieved 1000 FC 100 ml-1 recommended for discharge to the lake. The likely impact of these pathogens on wildlife is discussed.
Mix Design of High Performance ConcreteUsing Silica Fume and Superplasticizer

High Performance Concrete (HPC) now a days used widely in the construction industry world wide. To produce HPC with normal ingradients we use mineral admixtures like Silica fume, fly ash and metakoline and workable agents Superplasticizers are also used. The usage of mineral admixtures in the concrete not only enhances its strength properties but also durability. The compressive strength are investigating finding the optimum use of mineral admixture( Silica fume of levels 0, 5, 10,15, 20 and 25% at 7 days and 28 days of curing). The present investigation aims to give design mix for HPC by using silica fume and superplasticizers.
Time-varying relationship of news sentiment, implied volatility and stock returns

ABSTRACT I examine the relationship between aggregate news sentiment, S&P 500 index (SPX) returns, and changes in the implied volatility index (VIX). I find a significant negative contemporaneous relationship between changes in VIX and both news sentiment and stock returns. This relationship is asymmetric whereby changes in VIX are larger following negative news and/or stock market declines. Vector autoregression (VAR) analysis of the dynamics and cross-dependencies between variables reveals a strong positive relationship between previous and current period changes in implied volatility and stock returns, while current period and lagged news sentiment has a significant positive (negative) relationship with stock returns (changes in VIX). I develop a simple trading strategy whereby high (low) levels of implied volatility signal attractive opportunities to take short (long) positions in the underlying index, while extremely negative (positive) news sentiment signals opportunities to enter short (long) index positions. The investor fear gauge (VIX) appears to perform better than news sentiment measures in forecasting future returns.
Nutrition practice to alleviate the adverse effects of stress on laying performance, metabolic profile, and egg quality in peak producing hens. I. The humate supplementation

In this experiment, the effects of cage density (CD) and probiotic supplementation (PS) on laying performance, metabolic profile, and egg quality in peak-producing hens were evaluated. After blocking according to the cage location, Lohman layers (n = 180, 46 wks of age) were allocated randomly to two levels of CD (540 vs. 360 cm 2 /hen) and three levels of PS (0, 0.15, and 0.30%). Probiotic contained Enterococcus faecium culture (10×10 9 cfu/g). Egg production (EP) and feed consumption (FC) were measured daily; egg weight (EW) was measured bi-weekly; BW was measured before and after the experiment; and blood samples were obtained at the end of the experiment. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Increasing CD decreased FC (125.0 vs. 120.8 g/d, p<0.0001) and FCR (1.93 vs. 1.87, p<0.0001) and did not alter EP, EW, and BW. Increasing level of PS linearly decreased FC (p<0.02) and FCR (p<0.006). Averages were 123.9, 123.2, and 121.6 g/d for FC and 1.91, 1.92, and 1.86 for FCR in hens supplemented with 0, 0.15, and 0.30% probiotic, respectively. Hens placed in high-density cages had greater serum corticosterone concentration than hens placed in normal-density cages (12.8 vs. 11.3 µg/dL, p<0.04); CD did not affect concentrations of other metabolites. Increasing level of PS linearly increased serum glucose, albumin, and creatine concentrations and quadratically increased total protein, globulin, Ca, and P concentrations. Average concentrations (mg/dL) were 260, 297, and 305 for glucose; 6.28, 8.09, and 7.58 for total protein; 1.98, 2.48, and 2.38 for albumin; 4.30, 5.62, and 5.19 for globulin; 0.40, 0.52, and 0.54 for creatine; 16.0, 16.5, and 16.3 for Ca; and 6.27, 8.14, and 7.17 for P in hens supplemented with 0, 0.15, and 0.30% probiotic, respectively. There was no effect of CD on egg quality. Increasing level of PS linearly improved yolk color (YC) and quadratically increased albumen index (AI) and Haugh unit (HU). The mean values were 9.67, 9.75, and 10.58 for YC; 8.94, 6.93, and 8.72% for AI; and 85.6, 74.9, and 82.9 for HU for hens supplemented with 0, 0.15, and 0.30% probiotic, respectively. There was also CD by PS effect on FC, EP, and serum glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, creatine, Ca and P concentrations. In conclusion, increased CD partially depressed laying performance and caused stress. Probiotic supplementation improved laying performance and metabolic profile. It also partially alleviated the adverse effects of stress resulting from increased caging density. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 12 : 1752-1760)
Effects of Self-Control Resources on the Interplay between Implicit and Explicit Attitude Processes in the Subliminal Mere Exposure Paradigm

Recent studies have shown that the mere exposure effect under subliminal conditions is more likely to emerge for implicit attitudes than explicit attitudes. We tested whether the implicit effects of subliminal mere exposure could spill over to the explicit level by depleting self-control resources. Participants were subliminally exposed to a novel female photograph. Then, implicit and explicit attitudes toward an exposed and an unexposed photograph were measured. This basic design was crossed with a cognitive load manipulation, which should deplete the capacity of self-control resources (low cognitive load vs. high cognitive load). Results showed that the subliminal mere exposure effect occurred for not only implicit attitudes but also explicit attitudes when participants’ cognitive resources were depleted in the high cognitive load condition. In contrast, when cognitive resources were not depleted, the subliminal mere exposure effect only emerged for implicit attitudes. These findings support the contention that self-control failures could facilitate implicit effects of subliminal mere exposure toward the explicit level.
Sugar Beet Tolerance to Drought: Physiological and Molecular Aspects

Drought often reduces sugar beet yield in the Balkan agroecological region. Climate forecasts indicate that this negative trend of drought periods will continue. Tolerance to drought is a complex trait, which comprises involvement of both physiological and molecular mechanisms in plants. This research was conducted on 11 sugar beet genotypes, which showed different tolerance to drought in the field. Experiment had three parts: water deficiency caused by cessation of watering conducted in the greenhouse, water deficiency imposed by different concentrations of polyethylene glycol on plants grown in tissue culture, and analysis of alterations in gene expression under drought. Plants exposed to stress in greenhouse had on average three leaves less, 4% lower water content, and seven-fold higher proline content. Classification of genotypes with respect to the level of tolerance to water deficiency on the basis of concentration of free proline, assessed in the experiment in vitro , corresponded to the result of the observation test in the field. Changes in the expression of candidate genes under drought suggest that one of them might be used for further development as a DNA-based marker. These results can be applied in sugar beet breeding aimed at increasing tolerance to water deficiency.
Regulatory Framework of Mineral Resources Sector in Pakistan and Investment Proposal to Chinese Companies in Pakistan

This paper presents a scenario for mineral resources and development in this sector in Pakistan. Moreover it mainly comprises of the policies regarding the location of minerals, their extraction, and at the end there are some important suggestions for the Chinese companies as far as the investment point of view is concerned. Regardless of Pakistan’s two successive mineral policies and abundant mineral resources, this sector’s contribution to overall GDP of country is not sufficient. The reasons may be; inadequate monitoring and evaluation, lack of community base resources management programs, insufficient tax compliance, political instability, weather related problems, insecurity within mineral rich areas and lack of foreign investment in the country. However, there is still room for improved technical and economic analysis of the sector as well as tremendous opportunities for Joint Venture Agreement with other emerging economies and international private partners. China has its own importance and reorganization in the world due to its economic growth and production. Pakistan and China both countries have very good relation from the beginning. Both countries help each other, if there is any need of help. There is still time to realize the national development benefits from the sector.
THE ORIGIN OF THE MEDITERRANEAN EVAPORITES

Prior to our cruise, one of us was asked by his colleagues to find in the Mediterranean the cause of the Pontian regression, which was one of the significant events in the Neogene history of Europe. Another of us was looking for a chance to continuously core a Neogene pelagic sequence, and thereby resolve the difficult Miocene-Pliocene boundary problem, and to establish a reference marine section for Neogene stratigraphers. The third had been puzzled by the almost ubiquitous presence of a strong acoustic reflector in the Mediterranean; he was hopeful by drilling, to determine its age, nature, and relation to the evolution of the Mediterranean basins. These three divergent lines of interest provided a basis for our eventual agreement through a shared belief that the Mediterranean evaporites owed their origin to the desiccation of a deep basin that had been isolated from the Atlantic.
PRIMARY PARASITOID AND HYPERPARASITOID GUILDS (HYMENOPTERA) OF GRAIN APHID (SITOBION AVENAE F.) IN NORTHERN POLAND

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the guilds of parasitic Hymenoptera associated with the grain aphid on rye and winter wheat in northern Poland. Of the seven species of primary parasitoids (Braconidae: Aphidiinae, Aphelinidae), parasitizing colonies of Sitobion avenae, the most numerous and most frequently occurring, included Praon volucre, Aphidius ervi and Aphidius uzbekistanicus. Primary parasitoids of grain aphids were largely eliminated by hyperparasitoids, mostly of the families Megaspilidae (Dendrocerus carpenteri), Figitidae-Alloxystini (Alloxysta spp. and Phaenoglyphis villosa) and Pteromalidae (Pachyneuron aphidis, Asaphes vulgaris, Coruna clavata), but D. carpenteri and Alloxysta spp. belonged to dominants and subdominants, respectively. This article has been retracted. Link to the retraction 10.2298/ABS150806086E