Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Young Belugas Diversify Adult Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) Behavior

Across the animal kingdom, immature animals are characterized by their playfulness and diversity of behavior, but are their actions enriching to adult conspecifics? The purpose of this study was to assess if beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) calves influenced the behavioral repertoire of adult conspecifics, specifically with regard to play behaviors, social interactions, and solitary swimming. Video recordings made between 2012 and 2015 (200+ hrs) were randomly selected using the following social groupings: adults only (n = 13), adults with juvenile (n = 28), mother-calf pairs (n = 24), mother-calf pairs with juvenile (n = 26), and mixed groups (n = 84) that included different ages and sexes. Each recording was coded using a 1-min instantaneous sampling method for 7 behavioral categories that were grouped into 4 major categories: mother-calf swim, social interactions, play, and solitary swims. Results indicated that the social grouping influenced the behavioral categories even when number of animals in the social grouping was controlled. Adults displayed solitary swims significantly (p < 0.001) more often when grouped with each other (adjusted M = 86%) or with juvenile belugas (adjusted M = 85%) than any other combination in which calves were present (adjusted M ranged between 42% – 64%). The presence of calves also significantly (p = 0.002) increased the number of play activities observed for adults (Adults only: adjusted M < 0%; Mixed: adjusted M = 11%). The percent of social interactions did not significantly (p = 0.196) change across the different social groupings. The results demonstrate that the presence of beluga calves decreased the percent of time adults spent in solitary swims and increased the percent of time adults spent in other activities, including play behaviors and social interactions. The presence of beluga calves is associated with increased diversity of the behavioral repertoires of adult conspecifics.
Content and Language Integrated Learning through an Online Game in Primary School: A Case Study.

In this paper an educational design proposal is presented which combines two well established teaching approaches, that of Game-based Learning (GBL) and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). The context of the proposal was the design of an educational geography computer game, utilizing QR Codes and Google Earth for teaching English Language to Greek Primary School students. This integration provides a motivational and cognitive basis for language learning, since it represents a meaningful, contextualized activity and on the other hand, gives students the chance to expand their cognitive skills and use more sophisticated language. The proposed game immersed 11 to 12-year- old students in problem solving challenges regarding the use of geography in realistic contexts. While attempting to solve these problems, students were engaged in eight-week collaborative work, involving six levels of gameplay by following hints, provided by QR codes images. The findings of this case study suggest how foreign language learning can successfully take place within a geography game-based learning environment, and they underscore the efficacy of approaching GBL in terms of performance. Students' performance was evaluated through knowledge tests and various complex tasks throughout the game play, involving writing and reading skills. In general, students showed positive attitudes towards the game and the post-test results have significant differences compared to those of the pre-test, in terms of vocabulary acquisition and reading skills in the foreign language and geography knowledge. The results also showed that the collaboration required by this game, allowed the students to interact in a controlled environment, where they undertook roles and responsibilities. To this end, the findings will make an important contribution to the empirical evidence of GBL particularly with regards to its application in primary education.
Spatio-Temporal Precipitation Trend and Homogeneity Analysis in Komadugu-Yobe Basin, Lake Chad Region

This paper investigated the spatio-temporal trends and homogeneity analysis of rainfall over the Komadugu-Yobe basin using data from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet), Department of National Meteorology Niger (DMN) and a 10 km resolution gridded observation data from Princeton University (PGF) for the period 1979 and 2015. The data, analysed at the annual and seasonal (wet and dry seasons) timescales, were subjected to Mann-Kendal including modified Mann-Kendall trend test after testing for autocorrelation. Test for homogeneity was performed on the data using Pettitt’s, Buishand’s, Standard Normal Homogeneity Test and van Belle and Hughes’ test. An overall homogenous trend of rainfall series was observed in the basin for all the seasons considered using van Belle and Hughes’ homogeneity trend test. The global rainfall trend increases in the dry season and decreases in the annual and wet seasons for the period of study. Pettitt’s homogeneity test for the annual and wet season rainfall series showed that change points were detected in the year 2005 for nine grids out of fifteen over the basin at 5% significant level. This study therefore, shows the importance of understanding the spatial and temporal distribution and trends in rainfall for effective planning and management of water resources in the basin.
Factors affecting the Mathematics achievement of Turkish students in PISA 2012

This study aims to analyze the effect of variables determining mathematics interest, mathematics self- concept, mathematics anxiety, teacher-student relation, classroom management and sense of belonging on the Mathematics achievement of Turkish students in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed in this research study. The research population is represented by 15 year 3 month and 16 year 2 month old students receiving education in Turkey. The research sample, on the other hand, is composed of 4848 students randomly selected from 170 schools in 12 geographical regions where PISA is implemented. When the Mathematical structural equation model is analyzed, it has been seen that there is a medium and positive relationship between mathematics achievement and mathematics interest of students with mathematics self-concept. It has also been determined that the variable mathematics anxiety has a negative and medium effect on mathematics achievement. According to the results of the research study there is no meaningful relationship between variables of teacher-student relation, classroom management, sense of belonging and mathematics achievement of Turkish students. Key words: PISA 2012, Mathematics literacy, structural equation model.
Pattern of glomerular disease in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal: A Shree Birendra Hospital experience

The incidence of renal diseases varies greatly in various parts of the world. Percutaneous renal biopsy is an important procedure for many patients with renal disease. This hospital based retrospective study evaluated the pattern of various glomerular diseases in Shree Birendra hospital. Hospital records were searched for all the patients undergoing renal biopsy for all indication and patient profile and histopathological examination record were obtained. All the patients undergoing renal biopsy for any cause from January 2007 to December 2010 were included in the study. A total of 46 patients underwent renal biopsy in the study period. The number of patients in the various age groups were - 50 years – 7 patients. The number of male and female patients was 34 and 12 respectively. Major indication for undergoing renal biopsy in this study was Nephrotic Syndrome (n=29, 63%), followed by RPGN (n=8, 17%), Persistent proteinuria (n=6, 13%) and Nephritic syndrome (n=3, 7%). The most common histopathological diagnosis in the study was Membranous nephropathy (n=10, 22%), followed by Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (n=9, 20%), Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (n=9, 20%) and Minimal change disease (n=6, 13%). USG guided renal biopsy is safe in adults and is a very useful tool for the diagnosis of renal disease. The pattern of glomerular disease varies in different settings. There is a need for further evaluation of glomerular disease with larger sample size to determine the pattern of glomerular disease in Nepal. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-7,No-4, 48-52 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i4. 6742
NIGHT SHIFT WORKING AND ITS IMPACT ON DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN WORKERS OF ABO KORKAS SUGAR FACTORY, EL-MINIA, EGYPT

Introduction: Rotating night shift work disrupts circadian rhythms and it has been associated with chronic conditions including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, metabolic syndrome and glucose dysregulation. Aim of work: the study aimed at determining the prevalence of glucose abnormalities among Abo-Korkas sugar factory workers and exploring the impact of rotating night shifts on glycemic state and control of diabetes. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study a total of 330 male workers at Abo-Korkas sugar factory were randomly selected to fill out an interview questionnaire, have medical examination and be tested for fasting and post-prandial blood glucose level; with assessment of HbA1c (Hemoglobin A1c test) for those who were diagnosed as diabetics. Results: Our findings showed that 61 (18.4%) workers were diabetics, 7 of them were newly diagnosed diabetics. The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher (p= 0.01) among former (33.3%) and current (15.7%) night shift than day-time workers (14.4%). The crude Odds Ratio (OR) for developing diabetes mellitus among the current and former shift workers were 1.1 (0.56-2.18) and 2.9 (1.39-6.31), respectively. Moreover, shift working significantly affected diabetes control (p= 0.04) with an OR= 3.83 (1.02-14.34). Conclusion: Rotating shift work especially night shifts have negative effects on health. It was found to be associated with developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and it hindered diabetes control among night shift diabetic workers. Preventive programs should be implemented for high risk employees. Occupational health practitioners should be aware of such associations that will help them in prevention and management of diabetic employees.
OBSERVATIONS OF THE 21 CM LINE FROM THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS

Summary A survey has been made of the 21 cm line from neutral interstellar hydrogen in the Magellanic Clouds. These are the fu;st observations of this radiation from an extra­ galactic source. The observations show that neutral hydrogen extends well beyond the easily visible regions of each Cloud, the gas being in each case less concentrated towards the nucleus than are the bright stars. From the total radiation received, the masses of neutral hydrogen are calculated to be 6 X 108 and 4 X 108 solar masses for the Large and Small Cloud respectively. Since the Small Cloud is believed to contain much less dust, this means that the ratio of gas to dust is very different in the two systems. The measurement of Doppler frequency shifts has yielded extensive new information about radial velocities within the Clouds. The velocity distribution indicates that both Clouds are rotating. Detailed discussion of the velocities has been deferred for subsequent pUblication.
Multiobjective Cuckoo Search Applied to Radial Basis Function Neural Networks Training for System Identification

Abstract In the present work we introduce a system identification framework where no a priori information on the system to be identified is available. Focusing in the specific case of radial basis functions neural networks models, we insert the choice of the model complexity and its inputs in the optimization procedure together with the model parameters, aiming at accuracy, model validity and regularization in a multiobjective approach. The multicriteria problem is solved by means of the multiobjective cuckoo search, which is based on an archiving technique and the crowding distance metric. Simulation results are promising when the methodology is applied to identify a robot arm given solely input and output data.
Can R&D be identified and measured in services? Empirical evidence from university hospitals

This paper proposes an in-depth analysis of some of the constraints on case studies conducted at French university hospital services, aiming to better understand R&D in their services. We begin with an analysis of the intangibility of inputs (knowledge and information) and outputs that confirms the difficulty in recognizing innovations based on the social sciences and humanities. This empirical study verified that there was a diversity of actors who contributed to the generation and increase of the stock of knowledge. Concerning R&D funding, it is noted that R&D in services is not always planned in terms of a formal project. Finally, one could argue that advances in research allow the recognition of different relationships at the same time as the boundaries of R&D in services are expanded, allowing a better measurement of its results.
Anisotropy beneath a highly extended continental rift

We have employed shear wave splitting techniques to image anisotropy beneath the D'Entrecasteaux Islands, in southeastern Papua New Guinea. Our results provide a detailed picture of the extending continent that lies immediately ahead of a propagating mid‐ocean ridge tip; we image the transition from continental to oceanic extension. A dense shear wave splitting data set from a 2010 to 2011 passive‐source seismic deployment is analyzed using single and multichannel methods. Splitting delay times of 1–1.5 s are observed and fast axes of anisotropy trending N‐S, parallel to rifting direction, predominate the results. This trend is linked to lattice‐preferred orientation of olivine, primarily in the shallow convecting mantle, driven by up to 200 km of N‐S continental extension ahead of the westward‐propagating Woodlark Rift. This pattern differs from several other continental rifts that evince rift‐strike‐parallel fast axes and is evident despite the complex recent tectonic history. We contend that across most of this rift, the unusually high rate and magnitude of extension has been sufficient to produce a regime change to a mid‐ocean‐ridge‐like mantle fabric. Stations in the south of our array show more complex splitting that might be related to melt or to complex inherited structure at the edge of the extended region.
The Relationship between Dimensions of Family Functions with the Fear of Pain Associated with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain.

Chronic pain is an invisible imaginary structure and an example of external factors that can disturb the balance of family function. When the external or internal factors sabotage the balance of family function, family tries to win its equilibrium back. Thus the role of family as an important social factor affecting the chronic pain field has attracted researchers' attention. This study examined the relationship between family function and chronic musculoskeletal pain-related fear levels. So, 100 patients with musculoskeletal pain were randomly selected and (FAD) and (FPQ3) questionnaires were used to assess the correlation. The results showed the relationship between total family function and the fear of pain variable is significant (219/0) ( ). Among dimensions of family function, problem solving, emotional blend, emotional responsiveness and communication, with a correlation coefficient of 0.296, 0.206, 0.214 and 0.256 had the highest rates of relationship with this variable and dimensions of family function explain the levels of fear associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Also problem solving in a family has highly predicts the variable of the fear associated with motion.
A Nonlinear Discrete Velocity Relaxation Model For Traffic Flow

We derive a nonlinear 2-equation discrete-velocity model for traffic flow from a continuous kinetic model. The model converges to scalar Lighthill-Whitham type equations in the relaxation limit for all ranges of traffic data. Moreover, the model has an invariant domain appropriate for traffic flow modeling. It shows some similarities with the Aw-Rascle traffic model. However, the new model is simpler and yields, in case of a concave fundamental diagram, an example for a totally linear degenerate hyperbolic relaxation model. We discuss the details of the hyperbolic main part and consider boundary conditions for the limit equations derived from the relaxation model. Moreover, we investigate the cluster dynamics of the model for vanishing braking distance and consider a relaxation scheme build on the kinetic discrete velocity model. Finally, numerical results for various situations are presented, illustrating the analytical results.
Popping characteristics of paddy using microwave energy and optimization of process parameters

Microwave popping characteristics of a particular variety of paddy were studied using a domestic microwave oven. The experiments were carried out at 4 levels of moisture content (around 13%, 14%, 15% and 16% wb), 3 levels of power (600 W, 850 W and 1000 W) and 5 levels of heating time (40 s, 60 s, 80 s, 100 s and 120 s). A general factorial experiment design was followed, and effect of different treatment combinations on popping percentage and expansion ratio of the paddy was evaluated. The maximum popping percentage of 63.47% was obtained at a moisture content of 14.15% and energy level of 80 kJ (1000 W and 80 s) while the maximum expansion ratio of 4.42 was obtained at 14.94% moisture content and energy level of 68 kJ (850 W and 80 s). Optimum values of microwave power, time of heating and moisture content of paddy were achieved at 1000 W, 80 s and 15%, respectively, corresponding to popping percentage and expansion ratio of 58.73 and 3.58.
"Children born of war": the life course of children fathered by German soldiers in Norway and Denmark during WWII - some empirical results

Kriegskinder: Lebensverl? ufe von Kindern deutscher Soldaten die w? hrend der Okkupation in Norwegen und D? nemark gezeugt wurden einige empirische Ergebnisse? This paper will address a particular group of indivi duals whose rights are often forgotten in the aftermath of wars and conflicts, the so-called "children born of war". These are children who have been fathe red by a foreign soldier and a local woman. In the first part of this paper, evi dence from different countries will be presented and different categories of children born of war will be introduced. In the second part of this paper, some aspects of the life course of Danish and Norwegian children fathered by Ger man occupying forces during WWII will be presented based on the results of a questionnaire survey. Finally, it will be discussed whether information acces sible so far may be valid for children born of war in different conflicts at diffe rent times and to which extent it can serve as a basis for elaborating particular policies which secure the basic human rights of children born of war.
The assessment of the fear of being laughed at in Poland: Translation and first evaluation of the Polish GELOPH

The main aim of the paper was to translate and, for the ﬁrst time, evaluate the Polish GELOPH<15>. This is a 15-item questionnai r e for the subjective assessment of gelotophobia, the fear of being laughed at. Gelotophobia is seen as an individual diffe r ences phenomenon at a sub-clinical level. The psychometric p r operties of the Polish version we r e tested in two independently collected samples with a total N of 506 participants. The Polish GELOPH<15> yielded good psychometric p r operties in terms of high r eliability in both samples. The fear of being laughed at existed widely independently f r om the participants ’ age, sex, or marital status (being married or living with a partner vs. being single or not living with a partner). The Polish GELOPH<15> can be seen as a r eliable instrument for the subjective assessment of gelotophobia for r esea r ch and practical applications.
The phylogenetic position of the enigmatic wasp family Heterogynaidae based on molecular data, with description of a new, nocturnal species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

Abstract. The wasp family Heterogynaidae is described and previous phylogenetic hypotheses on its position within the Apoidea are discussed. The higher level phylogeny of the Apoidea based on sequence data of a nuclear gene, long‐wavelength (LW) opsin, is analysed for the first time. Although preliminary because of limited taxon sampling and use of a single gene, the analysis reveals some significant results. Monophyly of the Apoidea, including the Heterogynaidae, is supported strongly, as is monophyly of Heterogynaidae. The monophyly of the bees is also confirmed, but support is rather weak. Monophyly of the Ampulicidae + Sphecidae, which is the sister group to the remaining Apoidea (Crabronidae + Anthophila + Heterogynaidae), is confirmed. Our results imply that Sphecidae may be paraphyletic with respect to Ampulicidae, and Crabronidae with respect to bees and Heterogynaidae. Remarkably, Heterogynaidae is well nested within the Crabronidae + Anthophila clade, which is in conflict with the morphological data. This result implies that Heterogynaidae may not have originated from a basal node within Apoidea, as previously considered, and that the character states presumed to be plesiomorphies may instead be homoplasies. Our analysis confirms the value of LW opsin in resolving deeper nodes within Apoidea. A new species, Heterogyna nocticola Ohl, from the Sultanate of Oman is described based on both sexes, with a diagnosis, information on distribution and collecting period. A key to the Palaearctic species of Heterogynaidae is presented.
Use of NIR spectroscopy on fresh apples to determine the phenolic compounds and dry matter content in peel and flesh

Description of the subject. The article deals with the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) on fresh apples to determine the phenolic compounds and dry matter content in peel and flesh powders. Objectives. The aim is the rapid and non-destructive determination of these nutritional parameters. Method. Two hundred twenty-nine fruits from 20 varieties were analyzed with NIR spectroscopy and reference methods. Results. Great variability of total phenolic compounds (TPC) in peel and flesh powders was observed among varieties. The dry matter (DM) content also differed greatly between peel and flesh. Calibration and validation models showed high coefficients of determination for the TPC content, which were slightly higher for the peel than for the flesh (R² val = 0.91 and 0.84 respectively). For the DM content, high coefficients of determination and ratios of prediction to deviation (RPDs) were also observed (R² val = 0.94, RPD = 4.8 and R² val = 0.94, RPD = 4.9 for the peel and flesh respectively). Conclusions. Calibration and validation models allow quantitative predictions to be made for TPC and DM content. They confirm the potential of NIRS for predicting the polyphenol content and highlight its potential for determining the DM content, a parameter often neglected in research into apple quality.