Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
34 Analyses of Second Language Text and What Can Be Learned From Them

Analyses of second language (L2) text largely examine L2 writing, while L2 spoken production is usually investigated in the field of conversational analysis (see Markee, chap. 20, this volume). Since the emergence of applied linguistics as a discipline in the 1950s and 1960s, three large domains of research have focused on various properties of L2 written text: structuring of the information flow in discourse, syntactic, lexical, and rhetorical features employed in L2 text, and to a smaller extent, L2 grammar, and lexical errors. In general terms, the analysis of grammatical and lexical errors in L2 written text is derived from the contrastive (error) analysis that predominated in L2learning research between the 1950s and 1970s. Error analysis was based on an assumption that many (if not most) L2 errors are an outcome of L1 to L2 transfer of syntactic and lexical regularities and language properties. Discourse analysis accounts for global features of text and the organization of ideas in writing. Contrastive rhetoric, as a subdomain of applied linguistics (Kaplan, 1966), gave rise to and continues to promote an examination of discourse features in the L2 writing of non-native speakers of English (NNSs) (see also chap. 33). It is important to keep in mind, however, that relatively little research on L2 writing had been carried out prior to the 1980s, when the numbers of NNSs in U'S, colleges and universities began to climb dramatically. Historically, important advancements in contrastive rhetoric were reflected in a growing body of knowledge about the order and ideational structure of discourse and discourse moves, also called Discourse Blocs (Kaplan, 1983), in L2 writing. The innovations in contrastive rhetoric studies coincided with rapid advances in text linguistics. Speaking broadly, text analysis had the goal of identifying global discourse features that can be marked by means of syntactic and lexical elements, such as
Superfluidity and spin superfluidity in spinor Bose gases

We show that spinor Bose gases subject to a quadratic Zeeman effect exhibit coexisting superfluidity and spin superfluidity, and study the interplay between these two distinct types of superfluidity. To illustrate that the basic principles governing these two types of superfluidity are the same, we describe the magnetization and particle-density dynamics in a single hydrodynamic framework. In this description spin and mass supercurrents are driven by their respective chemical potential gradients. As an application, we propose an experimentally accessible stationary state, where the two types of supercurrents counterflow and cancel each other, thus resulting in no mass transport. Furthermore, we propose a straightforward setup to probe spin superfluidity by measuring the in-plane magnetization angle of the whole cloud of atoms. We verify the robustness of these findings by evaluating the four-magnon collision time, and find that the time scale for coherent (superfluid) dynamics is separated from that of the slower incoherent dynamics by one order of magnitude. Comparing the atom and magnon kinetics reveals that while the former can be hydrodynamic, the latter is typically collisionless under most experimental conditions. This implies that, while our zero-temperature hydrodynamic equations are a valid description of spin transport in Bose gases, a hydrodynamic description that treats both mass and spin transport at finite temperatures may not be readily feasible.
New Fejér and Hermite-Hadamard Type Inequalities for Differentiable p-Convex Mappings

Abstract. In this paper, a new weighted identity involving a differentiable mapping and a non-negative p-symmetric mapping is established. By using the mathematical analysis techniques, some new integral inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard and Fejér type for differentiable p-convex functions are proved. A comparison of the established results is presented with the help of suitable graphs by using the software Mathematica.
THE INTERACTION OF BUSPIRONE AND DIAZEPAM WITH ALCOHOL IN HEALTHY HUMAN SUBJECTS

The effects of buspirone and diazepam, both alone and combined with alcohol, on skills performance were investigated using a mixed group design. Thirty male subjects each received 3 treatments: 10 mg diazepam, 10 mg buspirone, and a drug placebo. Half of these subjects received an alcohol placebo with their drug treatment; the other half received an alcohol dose of 0.63 g/kg bodyweight. Subjects performed a test battery comprising driving simulator (half-hour drive), word frequency, hand­ steadiness, body sway, and visual backward masking tasks. Diazepam produced significant impairment of balance and gross body control (body sway test), eye-hand co-ordination and muscle control (hand steadiness test), information processing ability (visual backward masking test), and driving skill measured in the driving simulator. In comparison, buspirone had few significant effects on performance. The addition of alcohol to the drug treatment was associated with increased impairment, though few effects were significant for the alcohol treatment. No drug-alcohol interactions were found.
Stochastic Local Volatility

There are two unique volatility surfaces associated with any arbitrage-free set of standard European option prices, the implied volatility surface and the local volatility surface. Several papers have discussed the stochastic differential equations for implied volatilities that are consistent with these option prices but the static and dynamic no-arbitrage conditions are complex, mainly due to the large (or even infinite) dimensions of the state probability space. These no-arbitrage conditions are also instrument-specific and have been specified for some simple classes of options. However, the problem is easier to resolve when we specify stochastic differential equations for local volatilities instead. And the option prices and hedge ratios that are obtained by making local volatility stochastic are identical to those obtained by making instantaneous volatility or implied volatility stochastic. After proving that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the stochastic implied volatility and stochastic local volatility approaches, we derive a simple dynamic no-arbitrage condition for the stochastic local volatility model that is model-specific. The condition is very easy to check in local volatility models having only a few stochastic parameters.
Ethno-Medicinal Uses of Selected Indigenous Fruit Trees from the Lake Victoria Basin Districts in Uganda

Corresponding Author: J.B. L Okullo; Email: okullo66@yahoo.com, jblokullo@forest.mak. ac.ug Tel: +256-774-059868 Assessment of ethnomedicinal uses of indigenous fruit trees (IFTs) was carried out using both household surveys and focus group discussions (FGD) in the five Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) districts of Uganda. A total of 400 respondents were interviewed on the availability of IFTs in their locality, their medicinal uses, parts used as medicine and methods of preparation. Frequencies of responses, Informant Consent Factor (ICF), Fidelity Level (FL) and User Value (UV) were analysed. The predominant methods for preparing/administering medicine from IFTs were decoction (47%), eating fruit pulp (33%), chewing (5%), smoking (3%) and application as ointment (1%) among others. The highest ICF of health conditions claimed to be treated using IFTs were bone pain (ICF=0.833) and loss of appetite (ICF=0.833). The most cited IFT for medicinal uses was Saba comorensis (UV=0.39) and the least was Carissa edulis. Evaluation of bioactive components of these IFTs would help justify their apparent therapeutic claims.
Neodryinus typhlocybae, a biological control agent of Metcalfa pruinosa, spreading in Hungary and reaching Slovakia.

The North American citrus flatid planthopper, Metcalfa pruinosa (Say) (Hemiptera Flatidae), introduced in Europe in the late sev-enties, has become a major pest of a wide range of plant taxa in many countries throughout the continent. In Italy, the early recognition of this rapidly spreading species resulted in the introduction of Neodryinus typhlocybae (Hymenoptera Dryinidae), an already known natural enemy of M. pruinosa in North America, and was followed by intentional release programmes in several additional countries within southern Europe. However, the features of dispersal and the impact of the parasitoid species on the populations of the pest have been studied only in a few cases. There is a lack of information on the occurrence and biology of N. typh- locybae in other regions of the continent, including Hungary, where N. typhlocybae was first recorded only in 2014. The results of this study, carried out in Hungary between 2015 – 2018, revealed that although there had been no official release programmes for N. typhlocybae it became widely distributed. The rate of parasitism ranged between 0.66% (in Martonvásár, 2016) and 29.65% (in Kaposvár, 2018). The species was found to develop through one or two generations a year, with a major proportion of the studied populations being bivoltine. These findings suggest N. typhlocybae could provide effective and environmentally sound control of M. pruinosa in urban habitats. Furthermore, N. typhlocybae is reported here for the first time from Slovakia, indicating the natural range expansion of the parasitoid in Central Europe. A hyperparasitoid species, Cheiloneurus boldyrevi (Hymenoptera Encyrtidae) is first recorded from Hungary.
Pangasiid Catfishes of Indonesia

Pangasiidae are economically important riverine catfishes generally occurring in freshwater from the Indian subcontinent to the Indonesian Archipelago. Morphologically, they are recognized by a laterally compressed body, two pairs of barbels, a short dorsal fin with two spines, a well developed adipose fin, a long anal fin, and a strong pectoral spine. The systematics of this family are still poorly known. Consequently, the lack of this basic information is a great barrier in understanding the biology and hence the study of the aquaculture potential of species, the improvement of their seed production and growth performance. Objectives of the study are to present all species and genera of pangasiid catfishes of Indonesia including their distribution and detailed identification.
Exploring the Impact of Aligning Business and is Strategy Types on Performance in Small Firms

This paper assesses the impact of Miles and Snow’s business strategy and Sabherwal and Chan’s IS strategy types on business performance in small firms using the Profile Deviation Approach. Survey data collected from 93 small firms across various industry sectors throughout Australia revealed an interesting mix of business strategy and IS strategy types similar to those reported in large firms. Results showed that while business-IT alignment was positively related to performance in all 93 small firms, the difference was not significant. Measuring alignment and performance within business strategy types revealed alignment was positively and significantly related to business performance for Prospectors and Analyzers, but not Defenders. Findings suggest that Defenders can benefit from deploying ICT in a variety of ways to enhance performance, while Prospectors should focus their use of ICT on quick strategic decisions, and Analyzers should concentrate on using ICT to facilitate comprehensive decisions and quick responses.
Scholarly Communication and Authorship Patterns in Language Research: Evidences from Citation Analysis of Language Theses in Nigeria

Investigation into citation and authorship patterns in language and linguistics research is of serious interest to librarians and researchers. The purpose of this paper is to examine scholarly communication behaviour in languages using theses and dissertations to enhance collection development policy in linguistics research. Bibliometric and informetrics indicators were used to examine a total of 87 theses and dissertations submitted to the Department of Linguistics and Nigerian Languages from 2005 to 2014. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using bibliometric indicators such as types of cited sources, timeliness of cited sources, authorship pattern, rank list of frequently cited books and degree of research collaboration. A total of 5084 bibliographic references were extracted from the theses with an average of 58.4 citations per theses. Books and monographs dominated the entire citations with 63.6% while journal citations were 17.9%. Electronic resources accounted for 15.4% of the citations. This study provides useful evidence to librarians who would be interested in developing the language library collections. Monographs have been found to be more useful for language researchers and collection development librarians will be guided in policy formulation particularly academic libraries where language research needs to be supported. There has been paucity of citation studies in the humanities generally and linguistics in particular. This study is an original research adopting bibliometric approach to examine scholarly communication in language and linguistics using University of Nigeria, Nsukka as a case study. Keywords: Bibliometrics, Citation Analysis, Authorship Pattern, Information Science, Language Research, Scholarly Communication
Berry size variability in Vitis vinifera

In order to study the mechanisms of berry growth in Vitis vinifera L. we analysed cell division and pericarp enlargement of 6 genotypes showing high variability in berry size (range: 49-90 %. Both, cell number and cell volume were involved in the small-sized berries of the flb mutant producing wild-type-like berries. The differences of berry size observed in other small-sized clones were only due to cell expansion. The data suggest that the variability of berry size in V. vinifera cultivars predominantly results from modification of cell enlargement. Conversely, in wild-type-like berries, the variability of berry size could result from both, cell division and cell enlargement.
Challenges of Sustainability and Urban Development: A Case of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

﻿Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. As a result of the attraction of people to a particular geographical region due to perceived development, as time goes on, there will be competition in-various ways by which land can be put to use leading gradually to urban growth in such location. Data for this study were collected from primary sources, through personal observation and the random administration of 250 questionnaires on categories of respondents in the study area. Results for this study revealed that infrastructural facilities, poor health care delivery system, low standard of education and poor standard of living were the challenges of sustainability and development in the study area. This study therefore recommends that development programmes should be aimed at uplifting the standard of people in the area and as such maintenance culture should be imbibed by all and sundry in the study area.
The reproductive ecology of island populations of distylous Menyanthes trifoliata (Menyanthaceae)

Menyanthes trifoliata L. is a distylous, clonal aquatic macrophyte found in shallow bogs and river margins throughout the boreal ecosystem, including the island of Newfoundland. A combination of long-distance dispersal and colonization after deglaciation, and pollen limitation resulting from reduced pollinator diversity and abundance documented on islands, predicts the breakdown of heterostyly to favour the establishment of self-compatible homostyles on islands. To test if self-fertilizing homostyles have been selected, variation in floral characters and compatibility relationships were examined in M. trifoliata populations from the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland. Morph ratio and its effect on fruit and seed set were examined in nine populations. Of the seven dimorphic populations, morphs occurred in a 1:1 ratio in four populations and deviated significantly from a 1:1 ratio in three populations. The two populations monomorphic for either pin or thrum morphs set few fruits or seeds ( 60%) in equal morph ratio populations and were not significantly correlated to stigmananther separation, indicating that there was no selective advantage of being homostylous. All three populations tested were highly self-incompatible, confirming that there has not been a breakdown of heterostyly on the island of Newfoundland. A reduced pollinator fauna typical of island environments may have relaxed stabilizing selection for strict herkogamy between floral morphs, resulting in the observed lack of reciprocity.
Classes of operators satisfying a-Weyl's theorem

In this article Weyl's theorem and a-Weyl's theorem on Banach spaces are related to an important property which has a leading role in local spectral theory: the single-valued extension theory. We show that if T has SVEP then Weyl's theorem and a-Weyl's theorem for T are equivalent, and analogously, if T has SVEP then Weyl's theorem and a-Weyl's theorem for T are equivalent. From this result we deduce that a-Weyl's theorem holds for classes of operators for which the quasi-nilpotent part H0(I T ) is equal to ker (I T ) p for some p2N and every 2C, and for algebraically paranormal operators on Hilbert spaces. We also improve recent results established by Curto and Han, Han and Lee, and Oudghiri. 1. Notation and terminology. We begin with some standard nota- tions in Fredholm theory. Throughout this note by L(X) we denote the algebra of all bounded linear operators acting on an innite-dimension al complex Banach space X. For every T 2 L(X) we denote by (T ) and (T ) the dimension of the kernel kerT and the codimension of the range T (X), respectively. The class of upper semi-Fredholm operators is dened by +(X) :=fT 2 L(X) : (T ) <1 and T (X) is closedg; whilst the class of lower semi-Fredholm operators is dened by (X) :=fT 2 L(X) : (T ) <1g: An operator T 2 L(X) is said to be semi-Fredholm if T 2 +(X)( (X), whilst the class of Fredholm operators is (X) := +(X)\ (X). The index of a semi-Fredholm operator is dened by indT := (T ) (T ). For a linear operator T the ascent p := p(T ) is dened as the smallest nonnegative integer p such that kerT p = kerT p+1 . If such an integer does not exist we put p(T ) =1. Analogously, the descent q := q(T ) is dened as the smallest nonnegative integer q such that T q (X) = T q+1 (X), and if such an integer does not exist we put q(T ) =1. A classical result states that if 2000 Mathematics Subject Classic ation: Primary 47A10, 47A11; Secondary 47A53, 47A55.
Evaluation of cement dust effects on soil microbial biomass and chlorophyll content of Triticum aestivum L. and Hordeum vulgare L.

ABSTRACT: Overall plant growth and microbial biomass can be effected by dust accumulation. The chloroform fumigation-extraction method was used to evaluating the effect of cement dust pollution emitted from Kurdistan cement factory on soil microbial biomass carbon. Chlorophyll content (a, b and total) of plants species was measured in different distance from cement factory. Microbial biomass C (Cmic) amounts ranged from 0.138 to 1.102 mg/g soils in the polluted sites and from 0.104 to 1.283 mg/g soils in the control area. Soils polluted with alkaline cement dust resulted in meaningful reduction in Cmic levels compared to control soils. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) show Cmic was positively correlated to soil CaCO3 content (r = 0.09). Cmic/Corg ratio was 2.54 and 1.92 in the control and cement polluted sites, respectively. Reduction in this ratio can be resulted from soil degradation in cement polluted soils. A significant decrease in the Cmic/Corg ratio in cement dust-polluted soils illustrated that this factor can be applied as a good indicator of soil quality. In the case of chlorophyll content of plant species, maximum reduction of total chlorophyll for Triticum aestivum L. was 45% compared to Hordeum vulgare L. with 60%. Therefore, results show higher sensitivity of H.vulgare than to T. aestivum.
Inclusion and Exclusion: Implications for Stereotypic Judgments of Groups and Individuals

4 Introduction 4 Assimilation and Contrast 4 Assimilation Effects 4 Contrast Effects 5 Types of Judgment 5 Comparative Judgment Theory 7 Comparative Judgment and the Contrast Effect 7 Helson and Brown: Early Research in Basic Judgment 7 The Range-Frequency Compromise 8 Norm Theory 10 Summarizing the Comparative Process 11 Interpretive Judgment Theory 11 Set/Reset Theory 12 Empirical Evidence for Set/Reset Theory 13 The Inclusion/Exclusion Model 15 Empirical Evidence for the Inclusion/Exclusion Model 17 The Interpretation/Comparison Model 25 The Selective Accessibility Mechanism 27 Empirical Support for the Selective Accessibility Mechanism 29 Summarizing the Interpretive Process 30 Prior Theory and Continuing Research 30 Summarizing the Judgment Research 30 Continuing Research 31 Bless et al.: Inclusion and Exclusion of Groups and Individuals 32 Assimilation and Contrast in Bless et al. Explained 33 The Present Research 34 Hypothesis 35 Methods 35 Participants 35 Design 36 Procedure 36 Results 38 Testing The Composite 39 Reliability Testing. 41 Individual Target Ratings 41 The Effects of Condition on Target Ratings 42 Ratings for Traditional 42 Ratings for Cautious 43 Ratings for Dependent 43 Ratings for Forgetful 44
13 C . 5 THE LARGE-SCALE PROPERTIES OF TROPICAL CONVECTION

Tropical convection plays a major role in Earth’s weather and climate, governing many meteorological phenomena such as the formation of clouds and distribution of precipitation. It is the primary mechanism for the transport of heat, momentum and moisture, not only from the local surface to the troposphere, but also horizontally through large-scale circulations such as the Hadley cells. Despite its importance, the representation of convection in general circulation models (GCMs) has many deficiencies, as evident from the significant biases in clouds and precipitation (Soden and Held, 2006; Bauer et al., 2011), as well as the poor simulation of tropical intraseasonal variability (Lin et al., 2006). Due to the coarse resolution of most models, convection must be represented by parametrisations. One of the key assumptions in most of these parametrisations is that convection in a grid box can be represented diagnostically, i.e., without regard for spatial and temporal organisation beyond a single grid box and the current timestep. Thus, it is assumed that spatial and temporal connections can be made through the resolved equations alone, an assumption that has not been rigorously tested. Our long-term goal is to provide a framework to test this assumption in large-scale models. Doing so requires knowledge of the organisation of convection beyond the scale of a single GCM grid box. The aim of this study is to present a new framework for the description of the large-scale organisation of convection. As a proxy for convection, we use the objective cloud regimes first introduced by Jakob and Tselioudis (2003). These regimes are the results of a clustering algorithm applied to global cloud satellite data, describing repeating cloud patterns in the atmosphere. The purpose of this study is to show that the unique signatures of these cloud patterns provide a window into identifying the state of convection in an area comparable to a GCM grid box and to investigate how these convective states are related to the large-scale state of the atmosphere. This sets the scene for future investigations into the spatial and temporal characteristics of convection in relation to large-scale atmospheric conditions.