Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topic Modelling of Empirical Text Corpora: Validity, Reliability, and Reproducibility in Comparison to Semantic Maps

Using the 6,638 case descriptions of societal impact submitted for evaluation in the Research Excellence Framework (REF 2014), we replicate the topic model (Latent Dirichlet Allocation or LDA) made in this context and compare the results with factor-analytic results using a traditional word-document matrix (Principal Component Analysis or PCA). Removing a small fraction of documents from the sample, for example, has on average a much larger impact on LDA than on PCA-based models to the extent that the largest distortion in the case of PCA has less effect than the smallest distortion of LDA-based models. In terms of semantic coherence, however, LDA models outperform PCA-based models. The topic models inform us about the statistical properties of the document sets under study, but the results are statistical and should not be used for a semantic interpretation - for example, in grant selections and micro-decision making, or scholarly work-without follow-up using domain-specific semantic maps.
Drug-resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and associated risk factors among multi drug-resistant tuberculosis suspected patients from Ethiopia

Background Multidrug drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major health problem and seriously threatens TB control and prevention efforts globally. Ethiopia is among the 30th highest TB burden countries for MDR-TB with 14% prevalence among previously treated cases. The focus of this study was on determining drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among MDR-TB suspected cases and associated risk factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa from June 2015 to December 2016. Sputum samples and socio-demographic data were collected from 358 MDR-TB suspected cases. Samples were analyzed using Ziehl-Neelsen technique, GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay, and culture using Lowenstein-Jensen and Mycobacterial growth indicator tube. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results A total of 226 the study participants were culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, among them, 133 (58.8%) participants were males. Moreover, 162 (71.7%) had been previously treated for tuberculosis, while 128 (56.6%) were TB/HIV co-infected. A majority [122 (54%)] of the isolates were resistant to any first-line anti-TB drugs. Among the resistant isolates, 110 (48.7%) were determined to be resistant to isoniazid, 94 (41.6%) to streptomycin, 89 (39.4%) to rifampicin, 72 (31.9%) to ethambutol, and 70 (30.9%) to pyrazinamide. The prevalence of MDR-TB was 89 (39.4%), of which 52/89 (58.4%) isolates were resistance to all five first-line drugs. Risk factors such as TB/HIV co-infection (AOR = 5.59, p = 0.00), cigarette smoking (AOR = 3.52, p = 0.045), alcohol drinking (AOR = 5.14, p = 0.001) hospital admission (AOR = 3.49, p = 0.005) and visiting (AOR = 3.34, p = 0.044) were significantly associated with MDR-TB. Conclusions The prevalence of MDR-TB in the study population was of a significantly high level among previously treated patients and age group of 25–34. TB/HIV coinfection, smoking of cigarette, alcohol drinking, hospital admission and health facility visiting were identified as risk factors for developing MDR-TB. Therefore, effective strategies should be designed considering the identified risk factors for control of MDR-TB.
Chasma Australe, Mars: Structural framework for a catastrophic outflow origin.

Abstract Chasma Australe, 500 km long and up to 80 km wide, is the most remarkable of the martian south pole erosional reentrants carved in the polar layered deposits. We have interpreted Chasma Australe erosional and depositional features as evidence for a flood origin, which we have reconstructed using a modified Manning equation. The main characteristics of the flow are a water velocity between 30 and 50 m s −1 and discharge values between 7 × 10 8 and 3 × 10 9 m 3 s −1 , very near to MGS data-based estimations for martian outflow channels (D. E. Smith et al. 1998, Science 279 , 1686–1692). We thus postulate that Chasma Australe originated in a catastrophic flood. The tectonic study of an area (roughly 20 million km 2 in size) around Mars' south pole included the measurement and projection in rose diagrams of more than 300 lineaments, of which 85 were wrinkle ridges and the rest straight scarps. The whole set of lineaments canbe explained by a stress field with a σ 1 N10°E in strike, the wrinkle ridges being reverse faults and the other lineaments direct and strike-slip faults. The straight layout of parts of Chasma Australe almost 200 km long suggests that the chasma was carved following a fracture network. The effectiveness of the erosional process (the canyon is up to 1000 m deep) leads us to suspect that this carving was preceded by a sapping period. Endogenetic and exogenetic processes would thus have contributed to the origin of this landform.
Single-Stage Soft-Switching Low-Distortion Bipolar PWM Modulation High-Frequency-Link DC–AC Converter With Clamping Circuits

A single-stage soft-switching low-distortion bipolar pulsewidth modulation (BPWM) modulation high-frequency-link (HFL) dc–ac converter with clamping circuits is proposed in this paper. The converter consists of a primary side half bridge high-frequency inverter, a secondary side cycloconverter, and clamping circuits composed of a two-switch forward active clamping circuit and a passive clamping circuit. The clamping circuits recycle the energy in leakage inductances and output filter inductor during the dead time of the cycloconverter, clamp the voltage spike across bidirectional switches, and achieve soft switching of secondary side cycloconverter under BPWM modulation. Compared with unipolar PWM HFL dc–ac converter, BPWM HFL dc–ac converter has no duty cycle loss and narrow pulse in transformer primary, thus zero-crossing distortion is reduced. In this paper, soft switching and low zero-crossing distortion of the proposed dc–ac converter are analyzed. Experimental results of a 200 W prototype of the proposed dc–ac converter designed as audio amplifier are presented to verify the analysis results. Experimental results show that peak efficiency is 93.5% and ultralow output voltage total harmonic distortion +noise (THD + N) is lower than 0.2%.
Implicit Theories of Intelligence and Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analytic Review

The current study intended to model the link between implicit theories of intelligence (ITI) and students' academic achievement, within a meta-analytic review procedure. To assess studies' effect size, the Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was used. The review of 46 studies (94 effect sizes) with 412,022 students presented a low-to-moderate association between the ITI and students' academic achievement. The results indicated that incremental theorists are more likely to have higher grades in specific subjects (verbal and quantitative) and in overall achievement. The entity beliefs were positively associated with students' specific verbal and quantitative domains but at a lower magnitude than incremental beliefs. Moreover, the moderator effect analyses results indicated that the link between ITI and students' achievement was not moderated by gender, but there was a moderate association in student's middle school grade. Additionally, the ITI assessment based on the most recent versions of Dweck's scales, the use of specific academic scales instead of general ITI scales, and the use of the original measures rather than adapted versions strongly moderated the link between ITI and achievement. Moreover, students from Eastern continents (Asia and Oceania) reported a positive association between incremental beliefs and achievement, Europe displayed a positive link between entity beliefs and achievement, whereas North America presented negative correlations between entity perspectives and academic achievement. This meta-analysis updates the current evidence supporting the direct link of ITI and students' academic achievement and acknowledges specific effects that ITI could have in different academic outcomes.
At-risk gambling in patients with severe mental illness: Prevalence and associated features

Background and aims The primary objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of at-risk gambling in a large, unselected sample of outpatients attending two community mental health centers, to estimate rates according to the main diagnosis, and to evaluate risk factors for gambling. Methods All patients attending the centers were evaluated with the Canadian Problem Gambling Index and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Diagnoses were checked with the treating psychiatrists and after a chart review of the university hospital discharge diagnoses. Results The rate of at-risk gambling in 900 patients was 5.3%. In those who gambled over the last year, 10.1% were at-risk gamblers. The rates in the main diagnostic groups were: 4.7% schizophrenia and related disorders, 4.9% bipolar disorder, 5.6% unipolar depression, and 6.6% cluster B personality disorder. In 52.1% of the cases, at-risk gambling preceded the onset of a major psychiatric disorder. In a linear regression analysis, a family history of gambling disorder, psychiatric comorbidities, drug abuse/dependence, and tobacco smoking were significantly associated with at-risk gambling. Discussion and conclusion The results of this study evidenced a higher rate of at-risk gambling compared to community estimates and call for a careful screening for gambling in the general psychiatric population.
CubeSLAM: Monocular 3D Object Detection and SLAM without Prior Models

We present a method for single image 3D cuboid object detection and multi-view object SLAM without prior object model, and demonstrate that the two aspects can benefit each other. For 3D detection, we generate high quality cuboid proposals from 2D bounding boxes and vanishing points sampling. The proposals are further scored and selected to align with image edges. Experiments on SUN RGBD and KITTI shows the efficiency and accuracy over existing approaches. Then in the second part, multi-view bundle adjustment with novel measurement functions is proposed to jointly optimize camera poses, objects and points, utilizing single view detection results. Objects can provide more geometric constraints and scale consistency compared to points. On the collected and public TUM and KITTI odometry datasets, we achieve better pose estimation accuracy over the state-of-the-art monocular SLAM while also improve the 3D object detection accuracy at the same time.
Cinnamic acid derivatives in cosmetics: current use and future prospects

Cinnamic acid derivatives are widely used in cosmetics and possess various functions. This group of compounds includes both naturally occurring and synthetic substances. On the basis of the Cosmetic Ingredient Database (CosIng) and available literature, this review summarizes their functions in cosmetics, including their physicochemical and biological properties as well as reported adverse effects. A perfuming function is typical of many derivatives of cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, dihydrocinnamyl alcohol and cinnamic acid itself; these substances are commonly used in cosmetics all over the world. Some of them show allergic and photoallergic potential, resulting in restrictions in maximum concentrations and/or a requirement to indicate the presence of some substances in the list of ingredients when their concentrations exceed certain fixed values in a cosmetic product. Another important function of cinnamic acid derivatives in cosmetics is UV protection. Ester derivatives such as ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (octinoxate), isoamyl p‐methoxycinnamte (amiloxiate), octocrylene and cinoxate are used in cosmetics all over the world as UV filters. However, their maximum concentrations in cosmetic products are restricted due to their adverse effects, which include contact and a photocontact allergies, phototoxic contact dermatitis, contact dermatitis, estrogenic modulation and generation of reactive oxygen species. Other rarely utilized functions of cinnamic acid derivatives are as an antioxidant, in skin conditioning, hair conditioning, as a tonic and in antimicrobial activities. Moreover, some currently investigated natural and synthetic derivatives of cinnamic acid have shown skin lightening and anti‐ageing properties. Some of them may become new cosmetic ingredients in the future. In particular, 4‐hydroxycinnamic acid, which is currently indexed as a skin‐conditioning cosmetics ingredient, has been widely tested in vitro and in vivo as a new drug candidate for the treatment of hyperpigmentation.
DRCD: a Chinese Machine Reading Comprehension Dataset

In this paper, we introduce DRCD (Delta Reading Comprehension Dataset), an open domain traditional Chinese machine reading comprehension (MRC) dataset. This dataset aimed to be a standard Chinese machine reading comprehension dataset, which can be a source dataset in transfer learning. The dataset contains 10,014 paragraphs from 2,108 Wikipedia articles and 30,000+ questions generated by annotators. We build a baseline model that achieves an F1 score of 89.59%. F1 score of Human performance is 93.30%.
The Real-Time Comprehension of Idioms by Typical Children, Children with Specific Language Impairment and Children with Autism

Objective We examined on-line auditory idiom comprehension in typically developing (TD) children, children with specific language impairment (SLI), and children with autism. Theories of idiom processing in adults agree on a reliance on lexical/semantic memory for these forms, but differ in their specifics. The Lexical Representation hypothesis claims that literal and non-literal meanings are activated in parallel. The Configuration hypothesis claims that a non-literal meaning will take precedence, such that a literal meaning may not be activated at all. Method Children aged 6–16 years listened to sentences containing idioms for a cross-modal priming task. The idioms were ambiguous between an idiomatic and a literal meaning. We looked at priming for both meanings at the offset of the idiom. Results TD children (n=14) and children with SLI (n=7) primed for the idiomatic but not literal meaning of the idiom. Children with autism (n=5) instead primed for the literal but not idiomatic meaning. Conclusions TD children showed an adult-like pattern, consistent with predictions of the Configuration Hypothesis. Children with SLI showed the typical pattern, whereas the atypical pattern observed for children with autism may reflect a particular deficit with complex material in semantic memory.
Incidental thyroid carcinoma in surgery-treated hyperthyroid patients with Graves’ disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Background The association between Graves’ disease (GD) and thyroid carcinoma remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate incidental thyroid carcinoma (ITC) in surgery-treated hyperthyroid patients with and without GD. Materials and methods We searched PubMed and EMBASE for cohort studies investigating ITC in surgery-treated hyperthyroid patients without prediagnosed thyroid carcinoma in accordance with the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. The last search was updated to January 23, 2018. All statistical tests were performed using Review Manager 5.3 and STATA version 12.0. Results Eleven cohort studies involving 10,743 GD and 3,336 non-GD patients were included. The pooled prevalence of ITC was 7.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.5–9.6), and was comparable in surgery-treated GD and non-GD hyperthyroid patients (GD vs non-GD: pooled odds ratio [OR], 1.0; 95% CI: 0.68–1.46; P=0.98). In the subgroup analysis, toxic adenoma and toxic nodular goiter showed no difference when comparing with GD (pooled OR, 0.53; 95% CI: 0.21–1.36; P=0.18 and pooled OR, 1.01; 95% CI: 0.65–1.57; P=0.95, respectively). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that GD was not associated with increased risk of ITC in surgery-treated hyperthyroid patients.
TD or not TD: Analyzing the Role of Temporal Differencing in Deep Reinforcement Learning

Our understanding of reinforcement learning (RL) has been shaped by theoretical and empirical results that were obtained decades ago using tabular representations and linear function approximators. These results suggest that RL methods that use temporal differencing (TD) are superior to direct Monte Carlo estimation (MC). How do these results hold up in deep RL, which deals with perceptually complex environments and deep nonlinear models? In this paper, we re-examine the role of TD in modern deep RL, using specially designed environments that control for specific factors that affect performance, such as reward sparsity, reward delay, and the perceptual complexity of the task. When comparing TD with infinite-horizon MC, we are able to reproduce classic results in modern settings. Yet we also find that finite-horizon MC is not inferior to TD, even when rewards are sparse or delayed. This makes MC a viable alternative to TD in deep RL.
Dissociative Adsorption of Molecules on Graphene and Silicene

We study the interaction of H2, O2, CO, H2O, and OH molecules with the vacancy defects of graphene and silicene. Atoms around the bare vacancy reconstruct and specific chemically active sites are created. Although H2, O2 and CO remain intact on both pristine graphene and silicene, these molecules can dissociate when they are placed at the close proximity of these chemically active sites and nucleate centers for the hydrogenation and oxygenation. Saturation of the dangling bonds at the defect sites by constituent atoms of dissociated molecules gives rise to significant modification of electronic and magnetic properties. We analyzed the mechanism of the dissociation and revealed a concerted action of surrounding host atoms together with dissociated molecules to lower the energy barrier needed for dissociation. The dissociations of H2O and OH are hindered by high energy barriers. Our study suggests that graphene and silicene can be functionalized by creating meshes of single vacancy, where specific molecules.
Multi-Task Learning with Neural Networks for Voice Query Understanding on an Entertainment Platform

We tackle the challenge of understanding voice queries posed against the Comcast Xfinity X1 entertainment platform, where consumers direct speech input at their "voice remotes". Such queries range from specific program navigation (i.e., watch a movie) to requests with vague intents and even queries that have nothing to do with watching TV. We present successively richer neural network architectures to tackle this challenge based on two key insights: The first is that session context can be exploited to disambiguate queries and recover from ASR errors, which we operationalize with hierarchical recurrent neural networks. The second insight is that query understanding requires evidence integration across multiple related tasks, which we identify as program prediction, intent classification, and query tagging. We present a novel multi-task neural architecture that jointly learns to accomplish all three tasks. Our initial model, already deployed in production, serves millions of queries daily with an improved customer experience. The novel multi-task learning model, first described here, is evaluated through carefully-controlled laboratory experiments, which demonstrates further gains in effectiveness and increased system capabilities.
Opposite Expression of Hepatic and Pulmonary Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by a chronic pulmonary inflammation. In CF, glucocorticoids (GC) are widely used, but their efficacy and benefit/risk ratio are still debated. In plasma, corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) binds 90% of GC and delivers them to the inflammatory site. The main goal of this work was to study CBG expression in CF patients in order to determine whether CBG could be used to optimize GC treatment. The expression of CBG was measured in liver samples from CF cirrhotic and non-CF cirrhotic patients by qPCR and Western blot and in lung samples from non-CF and CF patients by qPCR. CBG binding assays with 3H-cortisol and the measurement of the elastase/α1-antitrypsin complex were performed using the plasmas. CBG expression increased in the liver at the transcript and protein level but not in the plasma of CF patients. This is possibly due to an increase of plasmatic elastase. We demonstrated that pulmonary CBG was expressed in the bronchi and bronchioles and its expression decreased in the CF lungs, at both levels studied. Despite the opposite expression of hepatic and pulmonary CBG in CF patients, the concentration of CBG in the plasma was normal. Thus, CBG might be useful to deliver an optimized synthetic GC displaying high affinity for CBG to the main inflammatory site in the context of CF, e.g., the lung.
Atezolizumab for First‐Line Treatment of Metastatic Nonsquamous NSCLC

BACKGROUND The cancer‐cell–killing property of atezolizumab may be enhanced by the blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor–mediated immunosuppression with bevacizumab. This open‐label, phase 3 study evaluated atezolizumab plus bevacizumab plus chemotherapy in patients with metastatic nonsquamous non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had not previously received chemotherapy. METHODS We randomly assigned patients to receive atezolizumab plus carboplatin plus paclitaxel (ACP), bevacizumab plus carboplatin plus paclitaxel (BCP), or atezolizumab plus BCP (ABCP) every 3 weeks for four or six cycles, followed by maintenance therapy with atezolizumab, bevacizumab, or both. The two primary end points were investigator‐assessed progression‐free survival both among patients in the intention‐to‐treat population who had a wild‐type genotype (WT population; patients with EGFR or ALK genetic alterations were excluded) and among patients in the WT population who had high expression of an effector T‐cell (Teff) gene signature in the tumor (Teff‐high WT population) and overall survival in the WT population. The ABCP group was compared with the BCP group before the ACP group was compared with the BCP group. RESULTS In the WT population, 356 patients were assigned to the ABCP group, and 336 to the BCP group. The median progression‐free survival was longer in the ABCP group than in the BCP group (8.3 months vs. 6.8 months; hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52 to 0.74; P<0.001); the corresponding values in the Teff‐high WT population were 11.3 months and 6.8 months (hazard ratio, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.38 to 0.68]; P<0.001). Progression‐free survival was also longer in the ABCP group than in the BCP group in the entire intention‐to‐treat population (including those with EGFR or ALK genetic alterations) and among patients with low or negative programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression, those with low Teff gene‐signature expression, and those with liver metastases. Median overall survival among the patients in the WT population was longer in the ABCP group than in the BCP group (19.2 months vs. 14.7 months; hazard ratio for death, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.96; P=0.02). The safety profile of ABCP was consistent with previously reported safety risks of the individual medicines. CONCLUSIONS The addition of atezolizumab to bevacizumab plus chemotherapy significantly improved progression‐free survival and overall survival among patients with metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC, regardless of PD‐L1 expression and EGFR or ALK genetic alteration status. (Funded by F. Hoffmann–La Roche/Genentech; IMpower150 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02366143.)