Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SEED AND SEED EXTRACTS OF THE PUMPKINS CUCURBITA MAXIMA D. AND CUCURBITA PEPO L. FROM MACEDONIA

Chemical composition of seeds of C. maxima D. and C. pepo L. cultivated in the Republic of Macedonia and physico-chemical characteristics, fatty acid profiles, and sterol and tocopherol contents in pumpkin seed extracts were determined. Higher kernel yield and content of moisture, ash, total nitrogen, proteins and carbohydrates were measured in the C. pepo than in C. maxima seed. The highest extract yield of 487.4 g/kg dry matter was obtained from C. pepo kernel, while 388.2 g/kg dry matter was extracted from C. maxima kernel, when n -hexane was used as solvent. In all extracts, the palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids were predominant. The linoleic/oleic acid ratio was higher in C. maxima extracts. D7-Sterols were predominant in all extracts, while D5-sterols content was higher in the whole seed than in the kernel extracts. Higher tocopherol content was determined in the extracts of C. pepo whole seed and kernel (153.79 mg/kg and 117.81 mg/kg, respectively), than in those of C. maxima (121.24 mg/kg and 117.55 mg/kg, respectively). In all extracts γ-tocopherol content was higher than α-tocopherol.
Children's prepared and unprepared lies: can adults see through their strategies?

We investigated adults' ability to detect children's prepared and unprepared lies and truths. Furthermore, we examined children's strategies when lying. Thirty children (11–13 years) were interviewed about one self-experienced and one invented event each. Half had prepared their statements, the other half not. Sixty adult observers assessed the veracity of 10 videotaped statements each. Overall deception detection accuracy (51.5%) was not better than chance. The adults showed higher accuracy for unprepared statements (56.6%), than prepared statements (46.1%). The adults reported to have used more verbal than nonverbal cues to deception, especially the Detail criterion. The most frequent verbal strategy reported by the children was to use real-life components (e.g. own or others' experiences); the most frequent nonverbal strategy was to stay calm. Arguably, the low accuracy is due to adults' failure to see through the lying children's strategies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Impact of Guided Notes on Post-Secondary Student Achievement: A Meta-Analysis

The common practice of using of guided notes in the post-secondary classroom is not fully appreciated or understood. In an effort to add to the existing research about this phenomenon, the current investigation expands on previously published research and one previously published metaanalysis that examined the impact of guided notes on post-secondary student achievement. Specifically, this study examines the different variables that moderate the effect of using guided notes in the classroom, the impact of guided notes relative to professor-provided notes or studentgenerated notes, and unlike previous studies, the present meta-analysis, includes both published and unpublished research and some previously unexamined variables. Results indicate that overall, guided notes can produce a moderate impact on student achievement. The study discusses the implications and limitations of this research.
Assessment of the problems associated with artificial insemination practices in Essera Woreda, Dawuro zone, Southern Ethiopia

This study was conducted to assess the problems associated with the artificial insemination service in Essera woreda of Dawuro zone, southern Ethiopia from December, 2016 to August, 2017. The study was conducted using questionnaire survey and records in targeted human and dairy cow’s population, respectively. There was no statistically significant association (P>0.05) in the conception and delivery of cows with different risk factors. But the management of the cows showed significant association (P 0.05) in weekends artificial insemination service among studied kebeles. However, there was a statistically significant difference among the studied kebeles in shortage of artificial insemination technician and inputs (P<0.05). The major animal health problem identified by dairy cow owners was conception failure (39.1%) followed by mastitis (23.4%) and mixed (mastitis and calving problem) (20.3%). A total of 58 (90.6%) of the respondents were not satisfied with the overall artificial insemination service. In addition, equal percentage of non-satisfaction levels of respondents were recorded in Ofa and Guza kebeles (93.8%). The result of the present study indicated that dairy cow owners were not satisfied with artificial insemination service and the service is not doing well in all kebeles of the of study site. Therefore, an immediate action is required to change the problem facing artificial insemination service in the study area and to achieve maximum benefit from the sector. Key words: Essera woreda, artificial insemination, assessment, households.
Sample size calculations for logistic and Poisson regression models

SUMMARY A method is proposed for improving sample size calculations for logistic and Poisson regression models by incorporating the limiting value of the maximum likelihood estimates of nuisance parameters under the composite null hypothesis. The method modifies existing approaches of Whittemnore (1981) and Signorini (1991) and provides explicit formulae for determining the sample size needed to test hypotheses about a single parameter at a specified significance level and power. Simulation studies assess its accuracy for various model configurations and covariate distributions. The results show that the proposed method is more accurate than the previous approaches over the range of conditions considered here.
The Extent of Trade Mis-Invoicing in Turkey: Did Post-1990 Policies Matter?

We analyze the extent and the direction of trade misinvoicing in the context of the new policy environment that has affected the Turkish economy in the post 1990 period. Utilizing bilateral partner country statistics between Turkey and its major trading partners, we observe persisting export overinvoicing and an oscillating pattern of import misinvoicing at the aggregate level. Country-specific data reveal different patterns. As opposed to the general trend in misinvoicing, exports to China are underinvoiced and imports are overinvoiced. We also analyze how the liberalization policies and the customs union agreement with the European Union countries affect trade misinvoicing. We find that, with trade liberalization policies, import misinvoicing has decreased at the aggregate level. However, contrary to the expectations, customs union agreement did not help decrease the extent of trade misinvoicing in Turkey.
H 2 O 2 modulates the energetic metabolism of the cloud microbiome

Abstract. Chemical reactions in clouds lead to oxidation processes driven by radicals (mainly HO⚫, NO3⚫, or HO2⚫) or strong oxidants such as H2O2, O3, nitrate, and nitrite. Among those species, hydrogen peroxide plays a central role in the cloud chemistry by driving its oxidant capacity. In cloud droplets, H2O2 is transformed by microorganisms which are metabolically active. Biological activity can therefore impact the cloud oxidant capacity. The present article aims at highlighting the interactions between H2O2 and microorganisms within the cloud system. First, experiments were performed with selected strains studied as a reference isolated from clouds in microcosms designed to mimic the cloud chemical composition, including the presence of light and iron. Biotic and abiotic degradation rates of H2O2 were measured and results showed that biodegradation was the most efficient process together with the photo-Fenton process. H2O2 strongly impacted the microbial energetic state as shown by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurements in the presence and absence of H2O2. This ATP depletion was not due to the loss of cell viability. Secondly, correlation studies were performed based on real cloud measurements from 37 cloud samples collected at the PUY station (1465 m a.s.l., France). The results support a strong correlation between ATP and H2O2 concentrations and confirm that H2O2 modulates the energetic metabolism of the cloud microbiome. The modulation of microbial metabolism by H2O2 concentration could thus impact cloud chemistry, in particular the biotransformation rates of carbon compounds, and consequently can perturb the way the cloud system is modifying the global atmospheric chemistry.
Pharmacologyonline 2 : 265-281 ( 2008 ) Rani and Chandravadana 265 INFLUENCE OF SPIRULINA FUSIFORMIS ON THE SODIUM VALPROATE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS

Spirulina is gaining more attention from medical scientists as a neutraceutical and pharmaceutical. Sodium valproate (SV) induced hepatotoxicity is the result of the increased generation of reactive oxygen metabolites and lipid peroxides in liver. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of spirulina on sodium valproate induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Sodium valproate 18 mg/kg/po was administered by gavage for 60 days to induce hepatotoxicity in rats. Spirulina was suspended in 1% tween 80 at a dose of 1000 mg/kg was administered by gavage along with sodium valproate. The acitivity of serum enzymes (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase), bilirubin, oxidative stress parameters (lipid peroxidation), antioxidative defence markers (total antioxidant status) were evaluated in blood. Sodium valproate produced significant increase in the levels of AST, ALT, bilirubin, lipid peroxidation products and decreased total antioxidant levels. These changes were effectively reversed by spirulina. Spirulina fusiformis possess hepatoprotective activity by its ability to ameliorate lipid peroxidation through the free radical scavenging activity, which enhanced the levels of antioxidant defence system.
Characteristics of Ambient Particle-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Angkor Monument Area of Cambodia

The characteristics of ambient particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Angkor monument area of Cambodia were studied to evaluate the status of air pollution and the influence of possible emission sources. Ambient particulates were sampled at four sites during the same seasons: Angkor monument area, including Angkor Wat, in Siem Reap city, along a main road, and on a small hill beside Lake Tonle Sap. Monitoring of ambient particles in the city and Angkor Wat were conducted on a continuous basis. Meteorological data were continuously monitored at two sites to evaluate the role of wind in the transport of pollutants. The concentrations of total suspended particulates (TSP), PAHs and heavy metals were analyzed to examine the influence of anthropogenic emissions, as well as contributions from soil and miscellaneous particles. Profiles of 15 PAH compounds were compared to determine the influence of wind direction on the seasonal characteristics of PAHs. TSP concentration proved to be proportional to the sum of the concentrations of Al, Ca and Fe, which were the major metals present in particles, regardless of location and season. The mass fraction of PAHs with 4-6 rings in Angkor Wat was almost equal to, or larger than, that found in the city. During the rainy season’s southwest monsoon, the PAH profile in Angkor Wat was similar to that found in the city, while it was similar to that found in the rural areas during the dry season’s north, or northeast, monsoon. This indicates that in the rainy season air pollutant transport from the city to the monument is an important factor. PAH concentration in Angkor Wat was similar to that measured in Bangkok, indicating a serious air pollution situation.
The pragmatics of generic second person pronouns in modern spoken Danish 1

In modern Danish, the most frequently used pronoun for generic reference is man, developed from the noun man(d) 'man'. Recently, though, the second person singular pronoun du has gained ground, in parallel to similar recent developments in other languages. A large-scale, longitudinal study of the LANCHART corpus of spoken Danish has documented a rise in the use of generic du in Copenhagen (and later in the rest of Denmark) during the period from the early 1970s, where generic du was practically non-existent, till the late 1980s where du comprised around 25% of all pronouns with generic meaning. However, recordings from the 2000s show that the use of du has peaked and is now decreasing or stabilizing at a lower level. This article focuses on intra-individual and intra-conversational variation within the LANCHART corpus with the aim of uncovering the pragmatic effect of using du instead of other generic pronouns. All passages in the recordings have been coded according to macro speech act, activity type, type of interaction and genre as well as enunciation. The results of a statistical analysis using mixed models show a number of correlations as to the use of generic du (in comparison with man), and by and large support the claim that generic du is used as a resource for construing involvement, arguably by exploiting the ambiguity of du between a generic and a specific second person meaning. These quantitative results make up the point of departure for corroborating qualitative analyses of the discourse framing of the use of generic pronouns.
Sediment transfer by shallow landsliding in the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia

Despite the importance of landsliding in routing sediment through mountainous drainage basins, few studies have documented landsliding rates over extended time and space scales. We have investigated landsliding in surficial material in the Queen Charlotte Islands using a large inventory of events, derived from aerial photography, covering an area of 166.7 km 2 . The mean erosion rate for shallow landsliding is 0.10 mm·a -1 , which is at the upper end of shallow landsliding rates observed in the Pacific Northwest and coastal British Columbia, but several orders of magnitude lower than rock-based landsliding rates reported in the literature. Probability distributions for landslide area and volume are somewhat convex in form. Flattening of the curve found at low magnitudes may be due to sampling bias or physical mechanisms inhibiting failure, and the steepening for high values may exist because the sampling period is not long enough to adequately represent large events. Landslides generally initiate on hillslope gradients greater than 0.50-0.60. The largest numbers of landslides occur on south- to southwest-facing slopes and east- to northeast-facing slopes. Most events occur on concave and straight hillslopes in upper-slope positions. Landsliding rates were found not to be af - fected by rock type. Hillslopes in the Queen Charlotte Islands are often mantled by weathered Quaternary deposits and, hence, landsliding events are not directly controlled by weathering of bedrock. About 31% of landslides identified in this study deposited material in stream reaches, with about 83% of these landslides deposited in reaches with gradients between 3% and 10%. Resume : Malgre la grande contribution des glissements de terrain a acheminer des sediments a travers des bassins de drainage montagneux, peu d'etudes ont documente les taux de glissements de terrain sur une longue periode de temps et sur de grandes superficies. Nous avons fait des recherches sur des glissements de materiaux de surface dans les iles de la Reine-Charlotte en utilisant un grand inventaire d'evenements tires de photographies aeriennes couvrant une re-
Modeling Market Volatility in Emerging Markets: The case of Daily Data in Amman Stock Exchange 1992-2004

This paper attempts to investigate the volatility of the Jordanian emerging stock market using daily observations from Amman Stock Exchange Composite Index (ASE) for the period from January 1, 1992 through December 31, 2004. Preliminary analysis of the data shows significant departure from normality. Moreover, returns and residuals show a significant level of serial correlation which is related to the conditional heteroskedasticity due to the time varying volatility. These results suggest that ARCH and GARCH models can provide good approximation for capturing the characteristics of ASE. The empirical analysis supports the hypothesis of symmetric volatility; hence, both good and bad news of the same magnitude have the same impact on the volatility level. Moreover, the volatility persists in the market for a long period of time, which makes ASE market inefficient; therefore, returns can be easily predicted and forecasted.
Cenomanian to Coniacian Water-mass Evolution in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North America and Equatorial Atlantic

The Late Cretaceous Epoch was characterized by major global perturbations in the carbon cycle, the most prominent occurring near the Cenomanian–Turonian (CT) transition marked by Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE-2) at 94.9–93.7 Ma. The Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway (KWIS) was one of several epicontinental seas in which a complex water-mass evolution was recorded in widespread sedimentary successions. This contribution integrates new data on the main components of organic matter, geochemistry, and stable isotopes along a north–south transect from the KWIS to the equatorial western Atlantic and Southern Ocean. In particular, cored sedimentary rocks from the Eagle Ford Group of west Texas (∼ 90–98 Ma) demonstrate subtle temporal and spatial variations in palaeoenvironmental conditions and provide an important geographic constraint for interpreting water-mass evolution. High-latitude (boreal– austral), equatorial Atlantic Tethyan and locally sourced Western Interior Seaway water masses are distinguished by distinct palynological assemblages and geochemical signatures. The northward migration of an equatorial Atlantic Tethyan water mass into the KWIS occurred during the early–middle Cenomanian (98–95 Ma) followed by a major re-organization during the latest Cenomanian–Turonian (95–94 Ma) as a full connection with a northerly boreal water mass was established during peak transgression. This oceanographic change promoted de-stratification of the water column and improved oxygenation throughout the KWIS and as far south as the Demerara Rise off Suriname. In addition, the recorded decline in redox-sensitive trace metals during the onset of OAE-2 likely reflects a genuine oxygenation event related to open water-mass exchange and may have been complicated by variable contribution of organic matter from different sources (e.g. refractory/terrigenous material), requiring further investigation.
Thermodynamic modeling of the Mg-Mn-(Al, Zn) systems

A self-consistent thermodynamic model of the Mg-Mn, Al-Mn, Mn-Zn binary systems as well as the Mg-Al-Mn and Mg-Mn-Zn ternary systems has been developed. The major difference between this work and the already existing assessments of these systems is the application of the modified quasichemical model for the liquid phase in each system while most of the existing descriptions use the random mixing model. Further, this model is also used to describe one intermediate solid solution phase in the Mn-Zn system. In the absence of key experimental data for the Mg-Mn system, the calculated thermodynamic quantities from the model have been found comparable with other similar systems. The critical temperature of the Mg-Mn liquid miscibility gap has been estimated with the available empirical equation and found to be in acceptable agreement with the calculated value. A comparison between the current work and the most recent work on the Al-Mn system that uses the same model for the liquid phase reveals that better agreement with the experimental data with less number of model parameters has been achieved in the current work. The Mn-Zn system has been modeled for the entire compositon range and wide temperature range starting from room temperature. The accepted experimental data are well reproduced with the current description of the Mn-Zn system. Kohler symmetric extrapolation model has been used to calculate both Mg-Al-Mn and Mg-Mn-Zn systems. The thermodynamic description of the Mg-Al-Mn system has been verified by extensive comparison with the available experimental data from numerous independent experiments. However, the calculated Mg-Mn-Zn system could not be thoroughly verified due to the lack of experimental data. The model can satisfactorily reproduce all the invariant points and the key phase diagram and thermodynamic features of the Mg-Al-Mn, Mg-Mn-Zn ternary systems and the binary sub-systems.
Opening and Closing Jaw Movements of Young Children who Stutter

Objective: In this longitudinal study, we investigated the hypothesis that kinematic measures of jaw movement produced by children who stuttered (CWS) and children who did not stutter (CWNS) would differ between opening and closing speech gestures, across phonetic contexts, and across development. Methods: Mean amplitude, velocity, and duration of jaw opening and closing gestures during repeated productions of bilabial syllables were analyzed longitudinally at 1-year intervals for 13 CWS and 7 children CWNS. The utterances ranged across four phonetic contexts: single-syllable, two-syllable, three-syllable, and six-syllable. For jaw movement transduction, a strain gauge was attached to a football helmet in a novel design to minimize head movement. All kinematic measures were made from jaw movement tracings in Windaq (Dataq Instruments, Inc.) software, based on a standard millimeter to voltage conversion. Results: The main finding of the study was that opening gestures were produced by both CWS and CWNS with greater amplitude and duration compared to closing gestures. However, the kinematics associated with opening and closing jaw movements did not differ between CWS and CWNS, suggesting that the intrinsic articulatory dynamics of the two groups were similar. In addition, adapting the kinematics of opening and closing jaw movements across the four phonetic contexts did not differ between the groups for either movement amplitude or velocity. However, CWS produced the closing gesture with significantly greater duration compared to multi-syllable conditions, relative to CWNS. Finally, CWS and CWNS exhibited different longitudinal patterns for jaw amplitude and peak velocity. Conclusion: The speech motor systems of CWS and CWNS exhibited broadly similar organization of intrinsic articulatory dynamics, but groups may differ in how underlying dynamics are adapted to changing phonetic contexts across development. It is possible that the speech fluency of CWS might benefit from greater articulatory constraints, as the main between-group difference was identified when degrees of freedom of movement were greatest. Implications of findings are discussed within the development of a hierarchically organized speech motor system.