Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Overlap between atypical depression, seasonal affective disorder and chronic fatigue syndrome].

OBJECTIVE We reviewed previous studies that have described an association between abnormal functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and depression. In addition to melancholic depression, a spectrum of conditions may be associated with increased and prolonged activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In contrast another group of states is characterized by hypoactivation of the stress system, rather than sustained activation, in which chronically reduced secretion of corticotropin releasing factor may result in pathological hypoarousal and an enhanced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal negative feedback. Patients with atypical depression, seasonal affective disorder and chronic fatigue syndrome fall in this category. METHOD The literature data on the overlap between the key-words were reviewed, summarized and discussed. RESULTS Many studies suggest that these conditions themselves overlap biologically, showing hypofunction of central corticotropin releasing factor neuronal systems. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, in the real world of clinical practice, patients often present in a grey area between classical idiopathic fatigue and early chronic atypical depression and/or seasonal depression. This underscores the potential common biological links underpinning common symptom clusters not only between depression (atypical and seasonal) and chronic fatigue syndrome, but also other conditions characterized by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis mainly diminished the corticotropin realising factor activity.
Sinus histocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai–Dorfman disease) in a patient with primary Sjogren's syndrome

Sinus histocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is a rare disease that has been described by Rosai and Dorfman. It is characterized by massive, cervical lymphadenopathy, with extranodal manifestations in about 40% of patients. It occurs as a distinct entity, never associated with other diseases, and in most cases the prognosis is good. Lymphadenopathy is also a frequent sign of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS), usually associated with disease activity or concurrent infection. However, excessive lymphadenopathy in SS patients is a sign of lymphoproliferative disorder development. In this report, we describe a patient with primary SS, and excessive lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly who developed Rosai‐Dorfman disease, and we discuss the possible aetiopathophysiological mechanism linking these two entities.
Il-7/Il-7 Receptor System Regulation following Il-2 Immunotherapy in HIV-Infected Patients

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-7 are the most intriguing molecules in immune-based HIV infection treatment. An in vitro IL-2/IL-7 cross-talk due to IL-2-driven IL-7 receptor-α-chain (IL-7Rα) down-modulation, potentially blocking IL-7 signalling has been described. We investigated the in vivo IL-2 effect on IL-7/IL-7R system, measuring free IL-7, and IL-7Rα CD4 and CD8 in 12 HIV-positive patients enrolled in a randomized IL-2 trial. Compared to HAART alone, IL-2 induced a parallel expansion in total and naive CD4, TRECs and IL-7 plasma levels, with no IL-7Rα CD4 and IL-7Rα CD8 changes (P>0.05), suggesting that in vivo IL-2 boosts IL-7 production without down-modulating IL-7Rα, preserving IL-7-mediated T-lymphocyte homeostatic regulation. Our data confirm the pivotal role of IL-2 and IL-7 in the regulation of T-lymphocyte homeostasis in HIV infection.
Exploring the Dimensionality of Trauma-Informed Care: Implications for Theory and Practice

ABSTRACT The current study expands research on trauma-informed care by exploring the theoretical model proposed by Harris and Fallot (2001). In previous research the dimensions of trauma-informed care were found to have large correlations, suggesting that the dimensions may share an underlying dimension. This assumption was tested in the current study through administering the trauma-informed climate scale to six human service agencies (N = 641) and assessing the instrument’s dimensionality using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that Harris and Fallot’s dimensions are unique but strongly related, sharing an underlying dimension. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Anti-TNF-refractory colitis after checkpoint inhibitor therapy: Possible role of CMV-mediated immunopathogenesis

ABSTRACT Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) induced by checkpoint inhibitors are well known. Since fatal outcomes have been reported early detection and adequate management are crucial. In particular, colitis is frequently observed and can result in intestinal perforation. This is the first report of an autoimmune colitis that was treated according to algorithms but became resistant due to a CMV reactivation. The 32-y-old male patient with metastatic melanoma treated within an anti-PD-1/ipilimumab combination study developed severe immune-mediated colitis (CTCAE grade 3) with up to 18 watery stools per day starting 2 weeks after treatment initiation. After improving upon therapy with immunosuppressive treatment (high dose steroids and infliximab) combined with parenteral nutrition diarrhea again exacerbated. Additionally, the patient had asymptomatic grade 3 CTCAE amylase and lipase elevation. Colitis was monitored by weekly endoscopies and colon biopsies were analyzed histologically with CMV staining, multi-epitope ligand cartography (MELC) and qRT-PCR for inflammatory genes. In the course, CMV reactivation was detected in the colon and treated with antiviral medication in parallel to a reduction of corticosteroids. Subsequently, symptoms improved. The patient showed a complete response for 2 y now including regression of bone metastases. CMV reactivation under checkpoint inhibitor therapy in combination with immunosuppressive treatment for autoimmune side effects has to be considered in these patients and if present treated. Potentially, CMV reactivation is underdiagnosed. Treatment algorithms should include CMV diagnostics.
Minimally invasive KTP laser treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis: a preliminary report.

OBJECTIVE To test the efficacy of KTP laser in controlling perennial allergic rhinitis symptoms in a minimally invasive fashion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-eight cases of refractory perennial allergic rhinitis were included in this self-controlled study. The anterior one-fourth of the inferior turbinate of one side of the nose was lased by KTP laser at 12 watts, continuous mode, the total energy per side ranging from 121 to 440 joules (mean = 252). The other side of the nose was left untreated to serve as a control. The longest follow-up time was 20 months. RESULTS Five patients were lost to follow-up; 53 patients were available for evaluation. For the overall result, 81% of patients reported good to excellent subjective improvement, 16.6% had fair, and 1.8% had poor subjective improvement of symptoms. The mean (+/- SD) degree of improvement in the treated and untreated sides was 77.1 +/- 17.8% and 38.4 +/- 29.4%, respectively; this was statistically significant (p < .001). This improvement remained at 20 months follow-up, and there were no complications. CONCLUSION A single minimally invasive KTP laser treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis according to the parameters employed in this study is an effective approach resulting in moderately long-term improvement.
An Exploration of the Sport Club President's Experience

Extensive research has shown that sport club participation enhances student development, but little research has examined how specific officer roles in sport clubs may shape the experience. The purpose of this case study was to explore how sport club presidents at a midsized, public, four year institution in the Mid-Atlantic region described their involvement in an on-campus leadership opportunity. Eleven sport club presidents participated in the study, and shared their experiences through reflective journaling, and 30-min semistructured interviews. The researchers conducted document analysis for further review of the sport club program and president experience. Findings suggest that participation in the presidential role within the campus recreation sport club program at this institution provides an impactful developmental experience for students by enhancing specific skills that prepare students for careers beyond college more candidly than classroom education. Recommendations for sport club professionals and students regarding the outcomes associated with this ongoing campus leadership opportunity are provided.
Bioactive food components and cancer risk reduction

Research over the last three decades has provided convincing evidence to support the premise that diets rich in fruits and vegetables may be protective against the risk of different types of cancers. Initial evidence for protective effect of fruits and vegetables against cancer risk came from population‐based case‐control studies, which prompted intense research aimed at (a) identification of bioactive component(s) responsible for the anticancer effects of fruits and vegetables, (b) elucidation of the mechanisms by which bioactive food components may prevent cancer, and (c) determination of their efficacy for prevention of cancer in animal models. The bioactive components responsible for cancer chemopreventive effects of various edible plants have now been identified. For instance, anticancer effect of Allium vegetables including garlic is attributed to organosulfur compounds (e.g., diallyl trisulfide). Interestingly, unlike cancer chemotherapy drugs, many bioactive food components selectively target cancer cells. Molecular basis for selectivity of anticancer bioactive food components towards cancer cells remains elusive, but these agents appear promiscuous and target multiple signal transduction pathways to inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Despite convincing observational and experimental evidence, however, limited effort has been directed towards clinical investigations to determine efficacy of bioactive food components for prevention of human cancers. This article reviews current knowledge on cancer chemopreventive effects of a few highly promising dietary constituents, including garlic‐derived organosulfides, berry compounds, and cruciferous vegetable‐derived isothiocyanates, and serves to illustrate complexity of the signal transduction mechanisms in cancer chemoprevention by these promising bioactive food components. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 339–356, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
[Inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis by tanshinone II A in NCI-H460 cell].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibition of tanshinone II A in NCI-H460 cell line and its mechanism. METHODS MTT was used to measure the levels of the proliferation of NCI-H460 cultured with tanshinone II A in different concentrations. The effects of tanshinone II A on cell cycle of NCI-H460 were observed by FCM. After treated with tanshinone II A for 48h, the level of mRNA of bcl-2 and C-myc in NCI-H460 was tested by RT-PCR method. RESULT The proliferation of NCI-H460 was obviously inhibited by tanshinone II A in a dose dependent manner. The outcome of FCM showed that the apoptotic cell rate was 1.2%, 3.4%, 7.7% respectively, when cultured with tanshinone II A at 0.5 microg/ml for 24, 48, 72 h. The apoptotic cell rate was 2.6%, 5.9%, 13.4%, when cultured with tanshinone II A at 1.0 microg/ml for 24, 48, 72 h. The apoptotic cell rate was 4.1%, 8.7%, 37.6%, when cultured with tanshinone II A at 2.0 microg/ml for 24, 48, 72 h. The outcome of RT-PCR showed that the expression of proto-onco gene bcl-2 and C-myc was notably decrease, after cultured with tanshinone II A for 48 h. CONCLUSION Tanshinone IIA can inhibit the proliferation of NCI-H460 and induce the apoptosis of the cell.
Determinants of Mental Distress in Adults With a Severe Auditory Impairment: Differences Between Prelingual and Postlingual Deafness

Objective To investigate the determinants of mental health among severe hearing-impaired adults in the Netherlands, separately by prelingual and postlingual age of onset. Methods Five hundred twenty-three face-to-face interviews were carried out by persons with practical skills in communication with hearing-impaired people. Results Of prelingually and postlingually deaf men, 27.1% and 27.7%, respectively, reported mental distress (scores on the General Health Questionnaire ≥ 2), and among women these figures were 32.4% and 43.2%. These rates are higher than in the general population (men: 22.0%; women: 26.6%). Among the prelingual category, none of the demographic or hearing loss-related characteristics was associated with mental health status as measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Of these variables, only additional impairment or serious illness was associated with the brief Symptom Checklist (SCL-8D). Among the postlingual category, female gender and equilibrium disturbance was associated with both the GHQ and SCL-8D, and additional impairment or serious illness with the SCL-8D. For both categories, the risk of mental distress also was higher in those with more communication problems, lower levels of self-esteem, and poorer acceptance of the hearing loss. Opportunities for identification in youth and social support were not associated with mental health. Conclusions Mental health status differs between the hearing-impaired and the general population, but not as much as is sometimes suggested. Mental distress is greater in those in certain categories of the hearing-impaired.
Do the rich save more? Evidence from linked survey and administrative data

The nature of the relationship between lifetime income and saving rates is a longstanding empirical question and one that has been surprisingly difficult to answer. We use a new data set containing both individual survey data on wealth holdings and administrative data on earnings histories to examine this question. We find, for a sample of English households, evidence of a positive relationship between the rate of private wealth accumulation and levels of lifetime earnings. Even when state pension wealth is included, the top quintile of lifetime earnings have significantly higher wealth to lifetime earnings ratios than the other quintiles. Under this broad measure of wealth, those in the middle of the distribution of lifetime earnings accumulate the least wealth relative to their earnings.
OX40 Ligand and CD30 Ligand Are Expressed on Adult but Not Neonatal CD4+CD3− Inducer Cells: Evidence That IL-7 Signals Regulate CD30 Ligand but Not OX40 Ligand Expression1

In this report, we have examined the expression of the T cell survival signals, OX40 ligand (OX40L) and CD30 ligand (CD30L) on CD4+CD3−CD11c−B220−IL-7Rα+ inducer cells from birth to adulthood in mice. We found that adult but not neonatal inducer cells expressed high levels of OX40L and CD30L, whereas their expression of TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE) and receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) was comparable. The failure of neonatal inducer cells to express the ligands that rescue T cells helps to explain why exposure to Ag in neonatal life induces tolerance rather than immunity. The expression of OX40L and CD30L on inducer cells increased gradually in the first few weeks of life achieving essentially normal levels around the time mice were weaned. We found that IL-7 signaling through the common cytokine receptor γ-chain was critical for the optimal expression of both TNF-related activation-induced cytokine and CD30L but not OX40L. Furthermore, glucocorticoids, which potently suppress T effector function, did not influence the expression of OX40L and CD30L in the presence of IL-7.
Olive oils rich in natural catecholic phenols decrease isoprostane excretion in humans.

This study was undertaken to evaluate, in humans, the antioxidant activity of olive oil phenolics, namely hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein aglycone that share an orthodiphenolic (catecholic) structure. Human volunteers were administered olive oil samples containing increasing amounts of an olive oil phenolic extract that was characterized by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. The administration of phenol-rich oils was dose-dependently associated with a decreased urinary excretion of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha), a biomarker of oxidative stress. Also, a statistically significant negative correlation between homovanillyl alcohol (HValc, hydroxytyrosol's major metabolite, formed through the COMT system) and F(2)-isoprostanes excretion was found. Thus, the administration of oil samples with increasing, albeit low, concentrations of orthodiphenolic compounds, namely hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein aglycone, results in a dose-dependent reduction in the urinary excretion of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha). The statistically significant negative correlation between 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and HValc urinary concentrations suggests that this metabolite better reflects the in vivo activities of hydroxytyrosol.
β3 Integrins Regulate Lymphocyte Migration and Cytokine Responses in Heart Transplant Rejection

Integrin αvβ3 is important for cell survival, signaling and migration, particularly during angiogenesis and tumorigenesis, where it has been proposed as a therapeutic target. αvβ3 is up‐regulated following transplantation and β3 polymorphisms are associated with increased acute kidney rejection, suggesting that αvβ3 may also play a role in transplant rejection. Here, using a model of allogeneic heart transplantation, we show that allograft survival is prolonged in β3 integrin‐deficient (β3−/‐) mice. This is associated with Th2‐type immune responses and reduced T‐cell infiltration into grafts and T cells from β3−/‐ mice show impaired adhesion and migration, consistent with a role for αvβ3 in transmigration. These studies provide evidence that targeting β3 integrins impairs recruitment of effector cells and alters cytokine production, so prolonging graft survival. We also show that low doses of blocking antibodies against leukocyte function associated antigen‐1 (LFA‐1)/αLβ2 and very late antigen‐4 (VLA‐4)/α4β1, when combined with deletion of β3, lead to long‐term survival of allografts with no evidence of chronic rejection. Hence we provide strong mechanistic evidence supporting previous genetic studies, demonstrate the involvement of β3 integrins in both acute and chronic rejection and identify β3 as a new target for immunosuppressive therapy.
Curative Effect of Crude Exopolysaccharides of Some Macrofungi on Alcohol-induced Liver Damage

Abstract The authors investigate the curative effects of crude exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by four Basidomycetes strains on the symptoms of alcoholic liver injury. EPSs were administered to experimental groups at levels of 100 mg per kg body weight per day for 7 days using an oral zonde needle after the onset of the disease. Serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activities, and mitochondrial outer membrane integrity were determined following sacrifice of the rats. Light and transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies were performed on liver sections for histopathological and cytological evaluations. EPS that was obtained from Coprinus comatus OBCC 1014 decreased serum ALT level and increased outer membrane integrity, and allowed for the regaining of histologically and cytologically normal hepatocyte and tissue views. As a result, based on the obtained data, it can be argued that among all studied mushroom strains crude exopolysaccharides from Coprinus comatus OBCC 1014 strain have therapeutic potential for alcoholic liver injury according to control groups.
Rapid indication of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis from liquid cultures using FASTPlaqueTB-RIF, a manual phage-based test.

SETTING A Mycobacteriology Reference Laboratory in Johannesburg, South Africa. OBJECTIVE To determine the ability of FASTPlaqueTB-RIF, a rapid bacteriophage-based test, to correctly identify rifampicin susceptibility in clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis after growth in the Bactec 460 semi-automated liquid culture system. DESIGN A comparative study of FASTPlaqueTB-RIF and conventional drug susceptibility methods, with selection bias to include sufficient rifampicin-resistant strains. RESULTS Rifampicin susceptibility results were available for 133 strains of M. tuberculosis. Using the Bactec 460 method, 42 of these strains were rifampicin-resistant and 91 strains were rifampicin-susceptible. A further one strain was found to have a mutation in the rpoB gene which was strongly indicative of rifampicin resistance. Sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy for the FASTPlaqueTB-RIF were respectively 100%, 98.8% and 99.2% for detection of rifampicin resistance; 95.3% (41/43) of the rifampicin-resistant strains were also resistant to isoniazid (multidrug-resistant). CONCLUSION FASTPlaqueTB-RIF offers performance comparable to the Bactec 460 method, with results available within 2 days and without the need for specialised equipment. This makes FASTPlaqueTB-RIF a rapid test for rifampicin resistance suitable for widespread application. A combination of the FAST-PlaqueTB-RIF test with semi-automated liquid culture reduces the time required to report susceptibility results, enabling rapid and appropriate management of patients with MDR-TB. Rifampicin resistance was a good predictor of multidrug resistance in this population.
Recreational specialization and ecologically responsible behaviour of Chinese birdwatchers in Hong Kong

ABSTRACT Birdwatching is a popular nature-based recreational activity that has millions of participants worldwide. Hong Kong is an important birdwatching destination in Southeast Asia, and the number of birdwatchers visiting Hong Kong has steadily increased in recent decades. This study investigated the influences of recreational specialization on the pro-environmental attitudes and ecologically responsible behaviour of Chinese birdwatchers. Questionnaire surveys were conducted in Hong Kong, and 387 completed questionnaires were collected. The results of structural equation modelling indicate a direct positive association between the birdwatchers’ specialization and pro-environmental attitudes and an indirect positive association between their specialization and ecologically responsible behaviour. These findings suggest that understanding birdwatchers’ specialization is essential for predicting birdwatchers’ behaviour when visiting ecologically sensitive destinations. Birdwatcher specialization levels could be used to formulate visitor management strategies at birdwatching sites and to mitigate visitor impacts on avian species.
Affective judgment and beneficial decision making: Ventromedial prefrontal activity correlates with performance in the Iowa Gambling Task

Damasio proposes in his somatic marker theory that not only cognitive but also affective components are critical for decision making. Since affective judgment requires an interplay between affective and cognitive components, it might be considered a key process in decision making that has been linked to neural activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined the relationship between VMPFC, emotionally (unexpected)‐ and cognitively (expected)‐accentuated affective judgment, and beneficial decision making (Iowa Gambling Task; IGT) in healthy subjects. Neuronal activity in the VMPFC during unexpected affective judgment significantly correlated with both global and final performance in the IGT task. These findings suggest that the degree to which subjects recruit the VMPFC during affective judgment is related to beneficial performance in decision making in gambling. Hum Brain Mapp 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.