Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnitude e métodos de perda rápida de peso em judocas de elite

Fizeram parte do estudo 28 judocas de elite do sexo masculino, da cidade de Sao Paulo. Os atletas tiveramaferido o seu peso corporal, e relataram em que categorias de peso competiam. Desses, 19 foram entrevistadospor nutricionista, para a investigacao de questoes relativas ao historico de peso e de dietas. O estudo foiconduzido entre agosto de 2002 e junho de 2004.
Toward a Theory of Evolution Strategies: The (, )-Theory

The multimembered evolution strategy (ES) acting on parents and offspring is analyzed for real-valued, N-dimensional parameter spaces (N 30). N-dependent progress rate formulas are derived for (1, ) and (, ) strategies on spherical models. The analytical results obtained are compared with simulation experiments for the (hyper)sphere and the inclined (hyper)plane.
Defining the Genetic Architecture of Alzheimer's Disease: Where Next?

Background: Late-onset Alzheimer's disease is a genetically complex disorder. For 17 years, APOE was the only known susceptibility gene for disease. Through mostly genome-wide association studies, 25 loci are now known to associate with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. These susceptibility loci are not randomly distributed with respect to their functions. In fact, pathway analysis implicates significant enrichment of immunity, endocytosis, cholesterol metabolism, and ubiquitination in disease. Summary: Twenty-five loci have now been reliably shown to associate with Alzheimer's disease. However, a significant proportion of genetic variation in disease pathology is yet to be detected. Rare variation is being investigated through exome chip and next-generation sequencing experiments, which have already identified new protective and risk variants. Using a polygenic risk score approach, it is now possible to identify population groups with the greatest and fewest biological susceptibilities to disease. This method has proved more effective in predicting disease status than individual, genome-wide significant variants of small/moderate effect. Future studies will establish the specific functional changes that contribute to disease by piloting novel cellular modelling techniques using reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells from individuals with selected risk profiles. This will allow a variety of models to be produced to help understand disease mechanisms and test new drug therapies. Key Messages: Alzheimer's disease is a polygenic trait that has been linked to deficits in immunity, endocytosis, cholesterol metabolism and ubiquitination. Future work will focus on identifying rare disease susceptibility loci, unpicking the functional significance of the known risk loci and piloting novel cellular modelling techniques.
Complete mitochondrial genome of a wild Siberian tiger

Abstract In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) was sequenced, using muscle tissue obtained from a male wild tiger. The total length of the mitochondrial genome is 16,996 bp. The genome structure of this tiger is in accordance with other Siberian tigers and it contains 12S rRNA gene, 16S rRNA gene, 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and 1 control region.
Liver Transplantation for Hepatitis C Virus-Related Liver Disease in Korea

Liver Transplantation for Hepatitis C Virus-Related Liver Disease in Korea Hae Won Lee, M.D., Kwang-Woong Lee, M.D., Bong-Wan Kim, M.D., Gi-Won Song, M.D., Young Seok Han, M.D., Choon Hyuck David Kwon, M.D., Seong Hoon Kim, M.D., Gi Hong Choi, M.D. and Jong Young Choi, M.D. Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Department of Surgery, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Department of Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Illness perceptions, adjustment to illness and depression in a palliative care population

Abstract Context Representations of illness have been studied in several populations but research is limited in palliative care. Objective To describe illness representations in a population with advanced disease receiving palliative care; and to examine the relationship between illness perceptions, adaptive coping and depression. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 301 consecutive eligible patients recruited from a palliative care service in South London, UK. Measures used included the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Brief IPQ), the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (MAC) and the PRIME-MD PHQ-9. Results Scores were not normally distributed for the majority of the questions on the IPQ. The correlations found between items on the Brief IPQ were understandable in the context of advanced disease. MAC hopelessness-helplessness and fighting spirit were highly correlated with items on the brief IPQ in opposite directions. The Brief IPQ domains of consequences, identity, concern, personal control and emotion were associated with depression; a relationship which was not explained by adaptive coping. Seven causal attribution themes were identified: Don't know, personal responsibility, exposure, pathological process, intrinsic personal factors, chance/fate/luck and other. Both lung cancer diagnosis and gender were found to be independently associated with personal responsibility attribution. None of the attribution themes were associated with the presence of depression. Conclusions Assessment of illness perceptions in palliative care is likely to yield important information about risk of depression and will help clinicians to personalise management of advanced disease.
A Study of Sacral Hiatus in Dry Human Sacra in Southern Nigeria

The opening present at the caudal end of sacral canal is known as sacral hiatus. The aim of this study is to determine the anatomical variations of sacral hiatus in dry human sacra in southern Nigeria. This study was carried out on 54 dry human sacra in southern Nigeria. Various shape of the hiatus were observed which includes inverted U- shape (24.1%), inverted V-shape (33.3%), irregular (13.0%), Dumbbell (9.3%) and Bifid (5.6%). The apex of sacral hiatus was commonly found at the level of 4 th sacral vertebra in 66.7%. The mean length of sacral hiatus was 23.65mm. The mean anteroposterior diameter of sacral canal at the apex of sacral hiatus was 6.11mm. In conclusion, the sacral hiatus has anatomical variations and understanding of these variations may improve reliability of caudal epidural block. Keywords : sacral hiatus, dry human sacra, southern Nigeria.
Intoxicaciones agudas con plaguicidas: costos humanos y económicos

The use of pesticides has produced great agricultural benefits and, at the same time, serious public health problems that need to be solved. According to studies performed in the 1980s and 1990s, every year about half a million to one and a half million cases of acute pesticide poisoning are notified, together with 3000 to 28000 deaths. The purpose of this study was to draw attention to the incidence of acute pesticide poisoning and to the social and economic costs that are attributable to pesticides in different parts of the world. We present data on the economic importance of the pesticide industry and describe the situation of acute poisonings from exposure to pesticides and consumption of contaminated foods. Such data show that pesticide poisonings are more frequent in developing countries than in industrialized countries, even though developing countries consume less pesticides. We also estimate the economic costs of pesticide poisonings and examine certain other aspects of the situation, underscoring the need to reduce pesticide use.
Possible Triggers and Mode of Onset of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

AbstractTo identify the possible triggering events of CFS, we collected data on 1546 CFS patients and 309 excluded fatigued patients. Using extensive present and past medical history and lab reports as close as possible to the date of onset, an attempt was made to identify the agents that could play a role in the disease process.Significant differences were found between the events at onset, between the Fukuda or Holmes definitions and a sudden as distinct from a gradual onset. We further found a series of subgroups of events that occurred at onset of CFS. Each of these onset event clusters was associated with an infectious event, blood transfusion or hepatitis B vaccination. In a large percentage of our study group an infectious event was combined with a non-infectious event. In summary, we can conclude that a number of different stressors and consequent immunological and neuroendocrinological changes can contribute to the onset of CFS.
Choice of premedicants in cats and dogs

MOST animals are premedicated before induction of anaesthesia in small animal practice; however, the essential role that premedication plays in the whole anaesthetic regimen is sometimes overlooked. The choice of premedicants determines the characteristics of the ensuing anaesthesia, and the rational selection of agents can provide significant advantages for the animal in terms of intraoperative cardiovascular stability, perioperative analgesia and quality of recovery. In order to optimise the advantages afforded by premedication, it is important to select premedicants based on the needs of the individual patient, rather than using a single ‘blanket’ premedication combination for all animals. This article provides an overview of the pharmacology of drugs commonly used for premedication, including a description of the characteristics of premedicant drug combinations and their applicability for use in different types of patients.
T HE AGE AND DIVERSIFICATION OF THE ANGIOSPERMS RE - REVISITED 1

(cid:129) Premise of the study : It has been 8 years since the last comprehensive analysis of divergence times across the angiosperms. Given recent methodological improvements in estimating divergence times, reﬁ ned understanding of relationships among major angiosperm lineages, and the immense interest in using large angiosperm phylogenies to investigate questions in ecology and comparative biology, new estimates of the ages of the major clades are badly needed. Improved estimations of divergence times will concomitantly improve our understanding of both the evolutionary history of the angiosperms and the patterns and processes that have led to this highly diverse clade. (cid:129) Methods : We simultaneously estimated the age of the angiosperms and the divergence times of key angiosperm lineages, using 36 calibration points for 567 taxa and a “ relaxed clock ” methodology that does not assume any correlation between rates, thus allowing for lineage-speciﬁ c rate heterogeneity. (cid:129) Key results : Based on the analysis for which we set fossils to ﬁ t lognormal priors, we obtained an estimated age of the angiosperms of 167 – 199 Ma and the following age estimates for major angiosperm clades: Mesangiospermae (139 – 156 Ma); Gunneridae (109 – 139 Ma); Rosidae (108 – 121 Ma); Asteridae (101 – 119 Ma). (cid:129) Conclusions : With the exception of the age of the angiosperms themselves, these age estimates are generally younger than other recent molecular estimates and very close to dates inferred from the fossil record. We also provide dates for all major angiosperm clades (including 45 orders and 335 families [208 stem group age only, 127 both stem and crown group ages], sensu APG III). Our analyses provide a new comprehensive source of reference dates for major angiosperm clades that we hope will be of broad utility.
Production of monocyte chemotactic protein–1 in human type B synoviocytes. synergistic effect of tumor necrosis factor α and interferon-γ

OBJECTIVE Since local secretion of chemotactic factors could contribute substantially to the homing of monocytes to the rheumatoid synovium, we investigated the ability of type B, or "fibroblast-like," synoviocytes isolated from the synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis to synthesize and secrete the novel cytokine monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1). METHODS Synthesis and secretion of MCP-1 was determined by immunoprecipitation following metabolic labeling of MCP-1 with 35S-cysteine. MCP-1 gene regulation was assessed by Northern blot analysis. RESULTS Unstimulated type B synoviocytes released little or no MCP-1, although low levels of MCP-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) were detected. However, incubation of these cells with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) resulted in a time- and dose-dependent release of MCP-1 into the supernatant, and expression of MCP-1 mRNA. Use of cycloheximide and actinomycin D confirmed that TNF alpha was inducing MCP-1 expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Treatment of the synoviocytes with interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) also stimulated an increase in both the steady-state levels of MCP-1 mRNA, as well as MCP-1 protein synthesis and secretion. In addition, TNF alpha and IFN gamma in combination exerted a synergistic effect on both MCP-1 mRNA accumulation and protein secretion. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate that the MCP-1 gene is regulated by TNF alpha and IFN gamma in type B synoviocytes and indicate that these cells may play an important role in the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the rheumatoid synovial environment, via the production of novel chemotactic cytokines such as MCP-1.
Diagnostic Yield and Clinical Impact of Capsule Endoscopy in Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding during Routine Clinical Practice: A Single-Center Experience

Objective: This study assessed the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy (CE) and its impact on patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). Subjects and Methods: Between May 2007 and May 2009, 63 patients with OGIB (overt bleeding: 25, and occult blood loss with chronic ferropenic anemia: 38) and normal upper and lower endoscopy were studied by CE. Demographic characteristics, prior diagnostic tests, CE findings, therapeutic interventions, medical treatment and clinical outcomes following CE were evaluated. Results: The overall diagnostic yield was 44.44% of patients and included findings of angiectasia in 11 (17.46%) patients, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs enteropathy in 6 (9.52%) patients, celiac disease in 3 (4.76%) patients, tumors in 2 (3.17%) patients, and a variety of other diagnoses ranging from varices to ulcers (due to congenital afibrinogenemia and amyloidosis). The diagnostic yield was notably higher in overt bleeders (15/25, 60%) compared to occult bleeders (13/38, 34.21%; p = 0.044), and in patients with overt bleeding who had CE within the first 10 days (14/16, 87.5%) after the bleeding episode in comparison to overt bleeders who underwent CE >10 days after the bleeding episode (2/16, 11.1%; p < 0.0001). During follow-up (11.8 ± 7 months), CE findings led to specific therapy that resolved the underlying disease or improved the clinical condition in 45 of 63 patients, thus having a positive clinical impact of 71.43%. Conclusion: CE has a high diagnostic yield and a positive influence on clinical management in a significant proportion of patients with OGIB. These data further support the role of CE in routine clinical practice.
Cannabis use, dependence and withdrawal in indigenous male inmates

Abstract Background: No studies have investigated cannabis withdrawal in indigenous or incarcerated populations, and there is currently no standard treatment for cannabis withdrawal in Australian prisons. Aims: This cross sectional survey examines cannabis use, dependence and involuntary (abrupt cessation) withdrawal in incarcerated indigenous males for the purpose of improving clinical management. Methods: 101 consenting inmates (18–40 years) from an Australian correction centre were interviewed. Demographic characteristics, lifetime cannabis use (LCU), severity of dependence, cannabis withdrawal symptoms, psychological well-being and alcohol use were measured and compared using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Cannabis withdrawal symptoms were reported in 57% of current cannabis users compared with 16% of non-users (p < 0.01), indicating detectable cannabis dependence and withdrawal in a unique indigenous inmate population. Multivariate analysis revealed statistically significant associations between LCU and cannabis dependence (OR = 8.1; 95% CI: 2.2–29.1) when controlling for psychological well-being and alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Upon admission to a correction centre, cannabis users should be assessed and monitored for physical and psychological symptoms of withdrawal. Implications: Routine cannabis withdrawal monitoring will maximise staff and inmate safety. This improvement to policy will ensure appropriate risk management of staff and inmates.
Regulation of telomere length in Drosophila

Telomeres in all organisms must perform the same vital functions to ensure cell viability: to act as a protective chromosome cap that distinguishes natural chromosome ends from DNA double strand breaks, and to balance the loss of DNA from the chromosome end due to incomplete DNA replication. Most eukaryotes rely on a specialized reverse transcriptase, telomerase, to generate short repeats at the chromosome end to maintain chromosome length. Drosophila, however, uses retrotransposons that target telomeres. Transposition of these elements may be controlled by small RNAs and spreading of silent chromatin from the telomere associated sequence, both of which limit the retrotransposon expression level. Proteins binding to the retrotransposon array, such as HP1 and PROD, may also modulate transcription. It is not clear however, that simply increasing transcript levels of the telomeric retrotransposons is sufficient to increase transposition. The chromosome cap may control the ability of the telomere-specific elements to attach to chromosome ends. As in other organisms, chromosomes can be elongated by gene conversion. Although the mechanism is not known, HP1, a component of the cap, and the Ku proteins are key components in this pathway.
Interactions between Hyperglycemia and Prior Ischemic Events in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization: Contrasting Evidence from Bench and Bedside?

Objectives and Background: Many clinical studies have established an increased risk of death and myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), experimental evidence is increasingly suggesting a greater resistance of diabetic animals to ischemic injury. Whether this holds true also in humans is debated. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing PCI in our centre between July 2002 and June 2004 were divided into 4 groups: patients with DM and a history of myocardial ischemia (i.e. prior myocardial infarction [MI] or prior coronary revascularization) were included in the diabetes and ischemia (DI) group, those with DM but without prior ischemia in the diabetes only (DO) group, those with previous ischemia but non diabetic in ischemic only group (IO) and non- diabetics without ischemia in the ND group. The primary outcomes were 30-day and at least three years rates of death, myocardial infarction, or repeat revascularization. Results: A total of 152 patients were included in the DI group, 173 in the DO group, 449 in the IO group and 836 in the ND group. Overall, patients belonging to DI groups had higher rates of risk factors, but did not report higher incidence of adverse outcomes, both at short and at long term follow-up. Conclusions: Clinical evidence suggests a neutral interaction between diabetes and previous ischemic injury, thus paving the way to establish if the presence of previous cardiovascular events influences the cogency of different glycemia target level protocols.
Apprehensive parents: a qualitative study of parents seeking immediate primary care for their children.

BACKGROUND Children are more frequent users of out-of-hours primary care than other age groups, although their medical problems are less urgent. AIM To gain insight into the health-seeking behaviour of parents who ask for immediate medical attention for their children. DESIGN OF STUDY Qualitative analysis of interviews and telephone calls. SETTING A general practice out-of-hours cooperative that caters for approximately 300,000 people in The Netherlands. METHOD A semi-structured interview was conducted with 27 parents who had consulted their own GP or an out-of-hours facility for primary care because they wanted urgent medical attention for their child who was sick. Forty-four telephone calls from parents seeking medical care for a child were analysed. RESULTS Recognising symptoms in a child started with the observation of a deviation from the child's normal appearance or behaviour. Parents decided to contact medical services when they felt they lost control of the situation. Most parents consulted because they wanted to rule out or prevent serious disease, not because of the condition itself; not wanting to take a risk with their child was an important motivation. In an attempt to rule out serious disease at home, parents also attempted diagnostic procedures they had copied from professionals. CONCLUSION Worry of parents and their health-seeking behaviour can be seen as an expression of the central role of risk regulation in modern society. Doctors need to realise their own contribution to the way parents want to rule out serious disease in their children. Improving parents' knowledge will not solve the problem of inappropriate use of out-of-hours facilities.
Óbitos atribuídos à tuberculose no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

INTRODUCAO:Em 1998, o Rio de Janeiro era o estado de maior incidencia e mortalidade por tuberculose do Brasil. O Sistema de Informacao de Agravos de Notificacao em Tuberculose (SINAN-TB-RJ) nao era confiavel. OBJETIVO: Utilizar o estudo dos obitos por tuberculose como instrumento de avaliacao do programa de controle de tuberculose. METODO: Foram realizados estudos descritivos do SINAN-TB-RJ e do Sistema de Informacao de Mortalidade em tuberculose do Rio de Janeiro (SIM-TB-RJ) e os dois bancos de dados foram cruzados utilizando-se o programa Reclink. Foi tambem realizado um estudo baseado em prontuarios dos cinco hospitais onde ocorreu o maior numero de obitos por tuberculose. RESULTADOS: Em 1998 foram registrados no SINAN-TB-RJ 16.567 casos de tuberculose em maiores de 14 anos. A forma pulmonar estava presente em 13.989 (84,5%) casos, dos quais 8.223 (56,8%) tiveram baciloscopia positiva. A sorologia anti-HIV, recomendada para todos os pacientes com tuberculose, foi solicitada em apenas 4.141 (25%) casos. No SIM-TB-RJ foram registrados 1.146 obitos, dos quais 478 (41,7%) casos haviam sido notificados no SINAN-TB-RJ, entre 1995 e 1998. Dos 302 prontuarios estudados, em 154 (50,9%) o periodo de internacao foi inferior a 10 dias. O tempo entre o inicio dos sintomas e o diagnostico foi superior a 60 dias em 143 (47,3%) pacientes. Dos 125 pacientes em re-tratamento, para apenas 43 (34,4%) foi prescrito o esquema RHZE recomendado pelo Ministerio da Saude. CONCLUSAO: O estudo demonstra que a tuberculose e sub-notificada, o diagnostico e tardio, a utilizacao dos exames laboratoriais recomendados e baixa e as normas do Ministerio da Saude nao sao cumpridas.
Effect of maternal heart disease on pregnancy outcomes

The presence of maternal heart disease has an adverse effect on pregnancy outcomes. The most recent triennial confidential enquiry confirmed that heart disease is now the most common cause of maternal death in the UK. Maternal and neonatal morbidity are also significant. This article details the causes of heart disease and why maternal mortality is increasing. The marked physiological changes to the cardiovascular system during pregnancy are outlined. The effects of pregnancy on heart disease are discussed for specific cardiac lesions/conditions and basic management principles are described.