Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency of post dural puncture headache in patients undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia with median versus paramedian approach

Objective: Post dural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of major complications of spinal anesthesia. There are two approaches to administer spinal anesthesia i.e. median and paramedian. We conducted this study to compare the frequency of PDPH after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section with median versus paramedian approach using 25 gauge pencil point needle. Methodology: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Departments of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care & Pain Management Centre as well as Gynecology & Obstetrics, Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences, Nawabshah, Benazirabad (Pakistan). One hundred and twenty females underwent elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were enrolled. After informed written consent, the parturients were randomly divided into two equal groups by lottery method; Group A patients received spinal block with median approach and Group B patients received it with paramedian approach. All spinal blocks were performed with 25 gauge pencil point needle. The patients were asked about the presence or absence of headache through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in the next 72 hours. Results: In median approach (Group A), 3 patients (5%) had PDPH; whereas in paramedian approach (Group B) only 1 patient (1.6%) had PDPH. All the patients were of younger age and low parity. They developed PDPH within 24 -48 hours which was of mild to moderate in degree on VAS and relieved by rest, plenty of fluids and simple analgesics containing caffeine in mild case. While strong analgesics and muscle relaxants were added in cases of moderate PDPH. PDPH was relieved within 2-3 days in all cases without any complication. The difference was statistically insignificant (p-value=0.30). Conclusion: Paramedian approach is better than median approach in terms of reduction in the frequency of PDPH, though the results were statistically insignificant.
COMPARING OUTCOMES BETWEEN ONLINE AND FACE-TO-FACE STATISTICS COURSES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

The increase in online learning has led to research comparing student outcomes in online and face-to-face (FTF) statistics courses. This systematic review presents an analysis of studies comparing student achievement and student satisfaction in statistics courses taught online to those taught FTF. Multiple databases, conference programs, and bibliographies from selected articles were searched. Among the 411 studies identified, 13 met inclusion criteria. Student achievement was generally similar between online and FTF methods, but results on student satisfaction were inconclusive. Studies comparing online and FTF statistics courses are characterized by considerable methodological limitations. Instructors teaching statistics online would benefit from future research that is grounded in sound methodology, that is informed by past research and theory, and that examines specific ways to improve learning in an online environment.
A handbook for teaching and learning in higher education: enhancing academic practice, 3rd ed.

Taylor and Francis CJEM_A_481558. sgm 10.1080/17439884.2010. 481558 Learning, Media and Technology 743-9884 (pri t)/1743-9892 (online) Original Article 2 10 & Francis 0 0 002010 MartaTurcsanyi-Szabo tszm t @inf.elte. hu A handbook for teaching and learning in higher education: enhancing academic practice, 3rd ed., edited by Heather Fry, Steve Ketteridge and Stephanie Marshall, Abingdon, Routledge, 2009, 526 pp., US$55.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-415-43464-5
Golden-Winged Warblers and Blue-Winged Warblers: The Relative Success of a Habitat Specialist and a Generalist

ABSTP, ACT. --Evidence of the decline of Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) in Tompkins County, New York is presented, which adds to other examples of decline elsewhere. This decline is temporally correlated with an increase in Blue-winged Warblers (V. pinus). In Tompkins County, the Golden-winged Warbler nests only in the shrub stage of successional habitat on large patches of abandoned farmland. Blue-winged Warblers use later stages of succession as well as the early stages. A small decrease in the amount of recently abandoned farmland in Tompkins County with a larger increase in the amount of land in later stages of succession helps explain the decrease in Golden-winged Warblers and the increase in Blue-winged Warblers. The large magnitude of decline in Golden-winged Warblers, however, suggests that there may also be some negative biological interaction with the recently arrived and increasingly abundant Blue-winged Warbler. Received 19 May 1980, accepted 21 August 1980.
Anxiety in Informal Dementia Carers: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence

Much of the carer literature has focused on depression and burden as primary outcomes and anxiety appear somewhat neglected. Providing evidence on the prevalence of carer anxiety is critical as it can enhance awareness among professionals, which in turn can lead to improved access to efficacious treatments. This meta-analysis updated the previous review conducted in 2007 to estimate the up-to-date prevalence of anxiety in informal carers for people with dementia. Literature searches were conducted in databases of published and unpublished literature. Events and sample size data were pooled using a random effects model to obtain an overall prevalence percentage. A total of 10 studies were included, resulting in a pooled estimate of anxiety prevalence at 32.1% (95% confidence interval: 20.6%-46.2%, P = .01). Significant heterogeneity was found, which was not reduced following sensitivity analysis. This study suggests anxiety is a prevalent difficulty experienced by dementia carers. Additional research recommendations and clinical implications are discussed.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiac involvement in mitochondrial myopathy

Objective Our goal was to perform a systematic review of the literature to demonstrate the prevalence of cardiac abnormalities identified using cardiac investigations in patients with mitochondrial myopathy (MM). Methods This systematic review surveys the available evidence for cardiac investigations in MM from a total of 21 studies including 825 participants. Data were stratified by genetic mutation and clinical syndrome. Results We identified echocardiogram and ECG as the principal screening modalities that identify cardiac structural (29%) and conduction abnormalities (39%) in various MM syndromes. ECG abnormalities were more prevalent in patients with m.3243A>G mutations than other gene defects, and patients with mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) had a higher prevalence of ECG abnormalities than patients with other clinical syndromes. Echocardiogram abnormalities were significantly more prevalent in patients with m.3243A>G or m.8344A>G mutations compared with other genetic mutations. Similarly, MELAS and MERRF had a higher prevalence compared with other syndromes. We observed a descriptive finding of an increased prevalence of ECG abnormalities in pediatric patients compared with adults. Conclusions This analysis supports the presence of a more severe cardiac phenotype in MELAS and myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibres syndromes and with their commonly associated genetic mutations (m.3243A>G and m.8344A>G). This provides the first evidence basis on which to provide more intensive cardiac screening for patients with certain clinical syndromes and genetic mutations. However, the data are based on a small number of studies. We recommend further studies of natural history, therapeutic response, pediatric participants, and cardiac MRI as areas for future investigation.
Newly developed dynamic splint vs. dynamic outrigger splint for postoperative treatment of extensor tendon rupture in patients with rheumatoid wrists - a preliminary study

Aim and object of the study: Extensor tendon rupture in patients with rheumatoid wrists causes dysfunction of the hand and necessitates tendon reconstruction and surgical treatment of the wrist joint. Dynamic outrigger splints using rubber bands have been used for early postoperative mobilization of the fingers. However, these splints are bulky and cause discomfort. We developed a new dynamic splint, which is compact and uses torsion springs instead of the rubber bands used in conventional outrigger splints. The splint extends the metacarpophalangeal joints using a volar finger bar. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and subjective assessments between patients treated with the two types of splint. Methodology: Fourteen wrists (14 patients) were included. Clinical outcomes (range of active motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint) and subjective assessments were investigated in patients treated with either an outrigger splint or our new dynamic splint. Results: There were no differences in clinical outcomes between patients treated with the two kinds of splint. The new splint performed better in terms of the subjective assessment of changing clothes and bulkiness. Conclusions: The new splint yielded equivalent clinical outcomes and better subjective assessments compared to conventional outrigger splints due to its reduced size.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU IBU DALAM KUNJUNGAN NEONATAL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KEDUNGMUNDU SEMARANG

More than half of infant deaths in the world occur in the first year of life, especially in the neonatal period (0-28 days baby age). Neonatal period is the most vulnerable period for infants to risk health problems. As a result of this risk, every baby must get health assistance according to standards, namely by carrying out a complete neonatal visit (KN1 – KN3). Kedungmundu Health Center is one of the ISO standard health centers in the city of Semarang whose coverage of neonatal visits has not yet reached the SPM target both in 2016 and 2017 with coverage rates below 90%. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors related to the behavior of mothers in neonatal visits in the work area of Kedungmundu Health Center Semarang. This research is descriptive analytic with cross-sectional study design. The population were mothers who had babies aged 2-3 months , where the sampling used a total sampling technique of 84 people. Data analysis in this study used univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. The results showed that most respondents did not carry out a complete neonatal visit (66.7%). The results of the bivariate analysis using the chi-square test showed that the related variables were variables of age (p-value = 0.026), education level (p-value = 0.010), and beliefs (p-value = 0.033). The results of multivariate analysis showed the level of education was the most influential factor (OR = 5.174). There are still many mothers who are not fully equipped, it is hoped that health workers will actively conduct home visits and improve their mistaken beliefs by showing adverse effects if they do not implement KN, while puskesmas must have a strategy in delivering neonatal care materials according to their education level­ .
How does reduction in pain lead to reduction in disability in patients with musculoskeletal pain?

Purpose Reduction in pain following multidisciplinary treatment is most often associated with a reduction in disability. To further elaborate the relationship between pain intensity and disability, the present study investigated three main questions: first, whether multidisciplinary treatment leads to a significant improvement in pain, disability and psychological variables (depression, pain acceptance and catastrophizing). Second, it was examined whether pain reduction may account for significant changes in the psychological variables (pre- to follow-up change scores). Finally, it was analyzed whether the psychological changes mediate the association between reduction in pain and in disability after controlling for age, sex and pain history. Patients and methods Patients suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain (n=279) attended a German inpatient multidisciplinary program lasting 15 consecutive days on average, with self-report data collected at pretreatment, posttreatment and three-month follow-up. Results Repeated measures ANOVAs showed a significant improvement in pain intensity, disability, pain acceptance, catastrophizing and depression at posttreatment and follow-up. Univariate regression analyses revealed that changes in pain intensity accounted for significant changes in depression, pain catastrophizing and pain acceptance (pre- to follow-up change scores). The results of Multiple Mediation Procedure showed that pain reduction did affect reduction in disability through improvement of depression, catastrophizing and acceptance. Conclusion Our findings support a cognitive-behavioral model of pain that posits an important role for pain-related cognitive and emotional processes in long-term outcomes following multidisciplinary pain treatment, in particular for the modulation of disability due to pain. The results add evidence to the notion that pain-related cognitions are dynamic features varying over time dependent on the internal situation. Perspective The current findings are relevant to the management of patients with musculoskeletal pain. The results support the notion that, in contrast with the view of enduring personality traits, pain-related cognitions and emotions reflect a situational response that varies over time.
Exploring Glial Marker Activation and Neuroinflammation in Schizophrenia: A multimodal Approach

ii Sammendrag . iii PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . IV LIST OF FIGURES . VII LIST OF TABLES . VII LITERATURE REVIEW . 1 SCHIZOPHRENIA AND GLIAL-INFLAMMATION ACTIVATION: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION . 1 Schizophrenia . 1 Diagnosis and treatment. 3 Brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. 4 THE GLIAL PERSPECTIVE . 6 Glial cells, inflammation and schizophrenia. 6 Immune functions. 6 The Glial Cell Classes. 7 Biomarkers of glial cell activation. 12 Models on glia and inflammation in schizophrenia. 13 IDENTIFYING BIOMARKERS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA WITH IMAGING METHODS . 14 Magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 15 Assessing microstructure with diffusion tensor imaging. 18 STATISTICS AND NEUROSCIENCE . 19 THE CURRENT PROJECT: AIMS AND HYPOTHESIS . 20 METHODS . 22 ABOUT THE DATA . 22 PARTICIPANTS . 22 EXCLUSION CRITERIA . 23 ASSESSMENTS . 23 PANSS (Kay, 1991). 23 Image acquisition and processing. 24 Laboratory. 27 GLIAL ACTIVATION AND NEUROINFLAMMATION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA vi STATISTICAL ANALYSES . 27 Group differences in glial markers. 27 Glial marker predict symptom severity. 27 Cytokines predict glial markers. 27 DTI data and glial markers. 28 DATA MANAGEMENT . 28 RESULTS . 29 GROUP DIFFERENCES IN GLIAL MARKERS . 29 Choline. 29 NAA. 30 mI. 31 GLIAL MARKERS AND SYMPTOMS. 31 Choline. 31 NAA. 32 mI. 32 CYTOKINES AND CRP PREDICT GLIAL MARKERS, ONLY PATIENTS. 32 Choline. 33 NAA. 34 mI. 35 DTI AND GLIAL MARKERS . 36 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION . 41 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS . 41 GROUP DIFFERENCES IN GLIAL ACTIVATION . 42 CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND GLIAL MARKERS . 44 CYTOKINES PREDICTING GLIA MARKERS. 46 TREND-LEVEL MI X GROUP INTERACTION EFFECTS ON FA . 47 LIMITATIONS . 49 Theoretical limitations . 50 Future Research . 50 CONCLUSION . 51 REFERENCES . 52 GLIAL ACTIVATION AND NEUROINFLAMMATION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters morphological and biochemical indices in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under drought stress

Introduction: Plants are persistently exposed to series of varied unfavorable conditions in natural environments. Around the world, drought is one of the major concerns negatively effecting crop yield. Decreased soil water availability has become more prevalent in several parts of the world limiting arable land for agriculture. Enhancement of drought tolerance in plants mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is one of the notable strategies that could be persuaded to achieve sustainable agriculture. Capsicum annuum is one of the important horticultural crops. Shallow roots render the crop more prone to water stress. This study was performed to evaluate the impact of AMF on four hot pepper cultivars in pot culture. Materials and Methods: Four cultivars of hot pepper plantlets, namely US-341, VNR-314, VNR-145, and Indam-05 were subjected to three water regimes - control (100% field capacity [FC]), moderate stress (60% FC), and severe stress (40% FC) and five treatments - control, 60% FC with AMF, 60% FC without AMF, 40% FC with AMF, and 40% FC without AMF. Plant growth attributes, namely shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, and root dry mass were measured. Biochemical traits such as relative water content, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll stability index, and ion leakage were quantified. Results: The applied drought stress levels reduced plant growth (shoot biomass and root biomass) of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants in comparison to control plants (100% FC). However, the association of mycorrhizal fungus with the plant stimulated growth by increasing the absorption of water from roots and maintaining the same in leaves comparing to AMF non-treated plants. Furthermore, mycorrhizal symbiosis allowed the plants to maintain membrane integrity, thereby reducing the deleterious effects of drought. Drought-stressed mycorrhizal plants showed significantly better performance than non-mycorrhizal plants. Besides, four pepper cultivars responded differently to same AMF emphasizing specific varietal sensitivity to AMF. Among the four cultivars used for the study, VNR-145 showed better performance in both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal treatments. Conclusion: The results highlight that AMF alleviate drought by maintaining relatively higher water status in hot pepper plants. Furthermore, the association of Glomus coronatum AMF and C. annuum var. VNR-145 ecotype is advocated to determine the extent to which these results can be manifold under field conditions.
A Comparison of Metamodeling Techniques for Crashworthiness Optimization

This crashworthiness optimization study compares the use of three metamodeling techniques while using a sequential random search method as a control procedure. The three methods currently applied are (i) the Successive Linear Response Surface Method, (ii) the Updated Neural Network method and (iii) the Kriging method. Three crashworthiness examples, including a full vehicle multidisciplinary analysis, are investigated. It is shown that, although NN and Kriging seem to require a larger number of initial points, the three metamodeling methods have comparable efficiency when attempting to achieve a converged result. The Neural Network and Kriging methods have the advantage that they can be updated to construct a reasonable global approximation with higher accuracy at the optimum.
On setting reverse link target SIR in a CDMA system

DS/CDMA systems with conventional detectors require tight power control for satisfactory performance. In IS-95 systems, closed loop power control on the reverse link comprises two parts; an inner loop and outer loop. The inner loop aids the mobile in reaching its current signal to interference ratio (SIR) target through a sequence of power up/down commands. The outer loop dynamically adjusts the target SIR so that adequate performance in terms of frame error rate (FER), the true quality measure, is achieved. The propagation conditions for different users are different. Hence, the effectiveness of the inner loop is not the same for all users. In some cases, it always comes close to the target, while in others the variability could be quite significant. The outer loop compensates for such variability by adjusting the SIR targets so that all users obtain the same performance in terms of error rate. In this work, the algorithm used for the outer loop is described. A model for the outer loop is developed and analyzed. The analytical model enables sensitivity study of the algorithm to choice of parameters. Results indicate that the target values to be set are strongly dependent on the effectiveness of the inner loop. Thus, a fixed target strategy designed for the worst case, would be inefficient and would diminish system capacity.
Risk factors for development of transient tachypnea of newborns

Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a frequently encountered form of neonatal respiratory distress. The underlying mechanism involves residual lung fluid that is delayed in clearance. TTN primarily occurs soon after birth and can last from 24 to 72 hours. Risk factors for TTN include elective cesarean section, male sex, late prematurity, low birth weight, macrosomia, polycythemia, maternal asthma and maternal diabetes. Treatment is often supportive with observation and potential oxygen supplementation. Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with development of transient tachypnea of newborns who were delivered either normally or through cesarean section, at 36 weeks or beyound and to compare the results with those of others. Patients and methods: This is a case -control study of 200 newborns suffering from respiratory distress during a period from the 1 st of September 2011 to the 1 st of September 2013 in the neonatal intensive care unit at AL-Kansaa Teaching hospital in Mosul. The perinatal history of newborns was analyzed. TTN was diagnosed on clinical basis and by exclusion of other diseases affecting the respiratory system including sepsis. The study included 200 healthy newborns as control. Results: Multivariate analysis identified that the development of TTN was significantly associated with elective cesarean section 56% (p-value=0.001), male sex 66.5% (pvalue=0.001), late prematurity 21% (pvalue=0.009), maternal diabetes 8% (P-value=0.014), maternal asthma 10.5% (p-value=0.01), birth asphyxia (low APGAR score) 9.5% (p-value=0.005), low birth weight 16.5% (p-value=0.003), prolonged labor or using (forceps or vacuum) 22% (p-value=0.037) and in vitro fertilization 2.5% (p-value =0.024). Conclusion: Transient tachypnea of newborns is strongly related to elective cesarean section, male sex, late prematurity, maternal diabetes, maternal asthma, birth asphyxia, low birth weight (1500-2500g), prolonged labor or using forceps or vacuum and in vitro fertilization.