Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Absent anisotropy: The paradox of the Southern Alps orogen

A high resolution active source dataset recorded across the Southern Alps of New Zealand displays unusually strong S‐wave phases, which show minimal shear wave splitting. A suite of methods was used to analyse the data to minimize the uncertainty in the anisotropy measurements. We use the Silver and Chan [1991] method, cross correlation of stacked data, and deconvolution in combination with the other methods. The results were consistent at each station, but differed between stations. Fault‐parallel fast directions with delay times of 0–0.08 s were calculated from the most impulsive S‐wave arrivals. The crustal rocks from the Southern Alps are strongly anisotropic in the laboratory, contrasting with results shown here. The minimal delay times suggest that the shear waves are affected by multiple phases of deformation in the crust.
Genetic testing in pheochromocytoma or functional paraganglioma.

PURPOSE To assess the yield and the clinical value of systematic screening of susceptibility genes for patients with pheochromocytoma (pheo) or functional paraganglioma (pgl). PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied 314 patients with a pheo or a functional pgl, including 56 patients having a family history and/or a syndromic presentation and 258 patients having an apparently sporadic presentation. Clinical data and blood samples were collected, and all five major pheo-pgl susceptibility genes (RET, VHL, SDHB, SDHD, and SDHC) were screened. Neurofibromatosis type 1 was diagnosed from phenotypic criteria. RESULTS We have identified 86 patients (27.4%) with a hereditary tumor. Among the 56 patients with a family/syndromic presentation, 13 have had neurofibromatosis type 1, and germline mutations on the VHL, RET, SDHD, and SDHB genes were present in 16, 15, nine, and three patients, respectively. Among the 258 patients with an apparently sporadic presentation, 30 (11.6%) had a germline mutation (18 patients on SDHB, nine patients on VHL, two patients on SDHD, and one patient on RET). Mutation carriers were younger and more frequently had bilateral or extra-adrenal tumors. In patients with an SDHB mutation, the tumors were larger, more frequently extra-adrenal, and malignant. CONCLUSION Genetic testing oriented by family/sporadic presentation should be proposed to all patients with pheo or functional pgl. We suggest an algorithm that would allow the confirmation of suspected inherited disease as well as the diagnosis of unexpected inherited disease.
Weight loss precedes dementia in community-dwelling older adults.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the weight loss associated with Alzheimer's disease precedes or follows the dementia. DESIGN Older community-dwelling men (n = 134) and women (n = 165) were followed for 20 years before they were diagnosed as cognitively intact or demented. A repeated measures analysis was used to compare weight change in those who developed Alzheimer's Disease (AD) with those who remained cognitively intact. MEASUREMENTS Weight was measured at three clinic visits between 1972-74, 1984-87, and 1990-93. Participants were classified as having probable or possible AD or being cognitively intact at the 1990-93 evaluation. Diagnoses were made by two neurologists and a neuropsychometrist, based on neuropsychological tests and physical examination, using NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. RESULTS There were 36 men and 24 women diagnosed with probable or possible AD; they were considered to have mild to moderate dementia based on their test scores and community-dwelling status. Those who developed dementia were older than those diagnosed as cognitively intact. In age-adjusted analyses, both men and women who were later diagnosed with AD had a significant decrease in weight after the baseline visit (P < .001 and P < .003, respectively), but there was no significant weight loss in the men and women who remained cognitively intact. These differences were not explained by lifestyle, depression, or other illness. CONCLUSION Weight loss precedes mild to moderate dementia; early weight loss is, therefore, unlikely to be a consequence of AD patients being unable or unwilling to eat.
The effect of gestational age on developmental outcomes: a longitudinal study in the first 2 years of life.

BACKGROUND Extremely low and very low gestational age (ELGA and VLGA) constitutes a risk factor for development even in absence of cerebral damage, as an immature central nervous system is exposed to invasive and inadequate stimulation. We tested the hypothesis that GA impacts developmental outcomes and trajectories of preterms without major cerebral damage in the first 2 years of life, expecting poorer developmental outcomes and higher rate of impairment with the decreasing of GA. We also evaluated whether GA, together with developmental outcomes in the first year of life, was related to developmental outcomes at 24 months. METHODS Eighty-eight infants, divided into three GA groups (ELGA: ≤28 weeks; VLGA: 29-32 weeks; full term: >37 weeks) were assessed longitudinally at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales. RESULTS Use of a repeated measure multivariate analysis of variance resulted in several significant findings. GA was associated with the developmental quotient (DQ) scores (P= 0.006); and locomotor (P < 0.001), eye and hand co-ordination (P= 0.016) and performance (P= 0.040) sub-scale quotient (SQ) scores; age of evaluation was also associated with DQ scores (P= 0.002), and locomotor (P < 0.001) and performance (P < 0.001) SQ scores. In particular, ELGAs exhibited lower DQ and SQ scores compared with the VLGA and full-term groups; some ELGAs showed mild, moderate or severe cognitive impairments, while few VLGAs mild impairments. Linear regression analysis showed that GA (P= 0.034) and 12-month developmental outcome (P < 0.001) were related to 24-month developmental outcome. CONCLUSIONS Different developmental trajectories emerged in relation to GA, with poorer developmental outcomes and higher rates of impairment in ELGAs and few mild impairments in VLGAs. The relevance of taking into account both GA and repeated assessments in the first 2 years of life was shown.
Infusion phlebitis associated with a programmable syringe-pump system versus gravity-feed minibottles.

The occurrence of infusion phlebitis in patients receiving intravenous antibiotics via a gravity-feed minibottle system versus a new syringe-pump system was compared. Patients at least 18 years old who had indwelling intermittent injection sites inserted for medication administration were randomized to either the minibottle system or the syringe-pump system. Antibiotics in minibottles were diluted in 50-100 mL of 5% dextrose injection; in the syringe-pump group, aminoglycoside antibiotics were diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and all other antibiotics were diluted in sterile water for injection. Antibiotics were not piggybacked into running primary infusions in any of the study patients, and no other medications except for 0.9% sodium chloride flushes were administered through the catheters. All catheters were inserted in peripheral veins and evaluated for phlebitis by i.v. nurse specialists using standardized criteria. Catheters were changed upon the occurrence of grade 1 phlebitis or after a period of three days without the development of phlebitis. Over an 18-week period, 85 catheter sites (53 syringe-pump group versus 32 minibottle group) were evaluated in 30 patients (14 syringe-pump group versus 16 minibottle group). The mean +/- S.D. catheter life in both groups was 50.6 +/- 20 hours. Phlebitis occurred in 62% of syringe-group sites versus 66% of minibottle-group sites; the incidence and severity of phlebitis were not significantly different between groups. The majority of catheter sites were infused with cefazolin sodium. The potential for phlebitis using the syringe-pump system in this study appears to be similar to that of the gravity-feed minibottle system when appropriate diluents, diluent volumes, and infusion rates are used.
Use of gadolinium-enhanced, ultrafast, three-dimensional, spoiled gradient-echo magnetic resonance angiography in the preoperative evaluation of living renal allograft donors.

BACKGROUND Renal allograft retrieval from live donors requires an accurate determination of kidney anatomy including the renal arterial supply. Traditionally, conventional angiography has served as the gold standard for obtaining this information. More recently, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has been compared with conventional angiography. Although MRA has been shown to be more cost effective and to have none of the co-morbidity associated with the angiographic process, it still has been perceived to be less accurate than angiography. METHODS We compared images obtained using a relatively new technique of gadolinium-enhanced, ultrafast, three-dimensional, spoiled gradient-echo MRA with surgical findings in 15 living renal donors. In addition, average patient charge for MRA was compared with that of conventional angiogram. RESULTS Fourteen patients were evaluated with the gadolinium-enhanced, ultrafast, three-dimensional, spoiled gradient-echo modality and the findings confirmed at surgery. On one occasion, a discrepancy occurred in which an accessory renal artery was suggested on the MRA but was not detected by conventional angiography. The accessory renal artery was later encountered at surgery. MRA was also used to evaluate patient 15 but was unsuccessful due to technical error. This patient was later found to have a positive cross-match with the recipient and therefore did not undergo surgery. CONCLUSIONS We have found the gadolinium-enhanced MRA technique to be 100% accurate and as reliable as conventional angiography in determining renal vascular anatomy in living kidney donors. Additionally, it shares none of the associated potential angiographic complications and allows a 31% cost savings over angiography.
Goldberg’s Number Influence on the Validity Domain of the Quasi-Linear Approximation of Finite Amplitude Acoustic Waves

Nonlinear propagation occurs widely in many acoustic systems, especially in the field of medical ultrasound. Despite the widespread use of ultrasound in diagnosis and therapy, the propagation of ultrasound through biological media was modeled as a linear process for many years. The invalidity of infinitesimal acoustic assumption, at biomedical frequencies and intensities, was demonstrated by Muir and Carstensen (Muir & Carstensen, 1980). It was realized that nonlinear effects are not negligible and must therefore be taken into account in theoretical developments of ultrasound in biomedical research. Indeed, increasing the acoustic frequency or intensity in order to enhance resolution or penetration depth may alter the beam shape in a way not predicted by linear theory.
Governing Mobile Service Innovation in Converging Value Networks

In a converging mobile 3G+ services domain, governing the activities of operators, content providers and application developers in a value network is an important business model design issue. While existing studies provide insight into governance mechanisms as authority, contracts and trust, little is known which mechanisms are most suited for the various phases of mobile service innovation. In this paper, we examine what governance mechanisms are used during the development, implementation and roll-out, and commercialization of a service, by analyzing a survey among 96 practitioners and experts in the mobile Internet services domain. We find that authority-based governance is most commonly used in the early stages of developing service concepts and technologies, while trust-based governance is used during implementation, roll-out and commercialization. Contract-based governance is most common during implementation and roll-out. These results provide important clues to mobile business actors on how to design organizational arrangements in converging value networks.
A comparison of immunomagnetic separation plus enrichment with conventional salmonella culture in the examination of raw sausages

Immunomagnetic separation with additional enrichment was used in conjunction with improved selective media to improve the isolation of salmonellae from raw sausages. The isolation rate achieved was almost double that of conventional culture with no increase in processing time. The selective media gave an overall specificity of approximately 74%; all false‐positive pick‐offs being identified as Citrobacter freundii. It is believed that this method represents a significant advance in the isolation of salmonellae from foods, although the ideal media both for enrichment and selection have yet to be found.
Transient Global Amnesia in Childhood

Transient global amnesia, a brief disorder of recent memory affecting middle‐aged and elderly patients, is probably caused by transient ischaemia of the hippocampal regions and other parts of the limbic system related to memory functions. A 13‐year‐old boy with a single episode of transient global amnesia and a three‐year history of recurrent headache is described. It is suggested that some acute confusional states encountered in children with migraine may represent obscured instances of transient global amnesia, and that a brief vasoconstriction of the arteries supplying hippocampal structures is probably responsible for both conditions.
Paramagnetic liposomes for molecular MRI and MRI‐guided drug delivery

Liposomes are a versatile class of nanoparticles with tunable properties, and multiple liposomal drug formulations have been clinically approved for cancer treatment. In recent years, an extensive library of gadolinium (Gd)‐containing liposomal MRI contrast agents has been developed for molecular and cellular imaging of disease‐specific markers and for image‐guided drug delivery. This review discusses the advances in the development and novel applications of paramagnetic liposomes in molecular and cellular imaging, and in image‐guided drug delivery. A high targeting specificity has been achieved in vitro using ligand‐conjugated paramagnetic liposomes. On targeting of internalizing cell receptors, the effective longitudinal relaxivity r1 of paramagnetic liposomes is modulated by compartmentalization effects. This provides unique opportunities to monitor the biological fate of liposomes. In vivo contrast‐enhanced MRI studies with nontargeted liposomes have shown the extravasation of liposomes in diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction, such as tumors and myocardial infarction. The in vivo use of targeted paramagnetic liposomes has facilitated the specific imaging of pathophysiological processes, such as angiogenesis and inflammation. Paramagnetic liposomes loaded with drugs have been utilized for therapeutic interventions. MR image‐guided drug delivery using such liposomes allows the visualization and quantification of local drug delivery. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thematic Integration in the Similarity of Abstract and Concrete Items

Thematic integration plays a role in similarity judgments of pairs of items that are unrelated taxonomically, like soup and spoon. We hypothesized that integration serves as a more central process in the similarity evaluation of abstract items because of their temporality, their large variability, and relational nature. Participants rated the similarity of concrete or abstract word pairs, followed by a written explanation of the ratings. Explanations were coded as thematic integration and taxonomic comparison. Consistent with our hypothesis, the rate of integration responses was higher overall for abstract items, and integration of abstract items occurred frequently even for item pairs for which taxonomic comparison was possible, unlike for concrete
Residual symptoms in depressed patients after treatment with fluoxetine or reboxetine.

BACKGROUND Residual symptoms are common and have a variety of consequences in depressed patients who respond to treatment, but seldom have specific residual symptoms been assessed. We examined the frequency and severity of residual depressive symptoms in 2 studies comparing the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine with the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) reboxetine. METHOD Data from two 8-week, previously published, double-blind, random-assignment studies comparing fluoxetine and reboxetine were obtained. Both studies included men and women who met DSM-III-R criteria for unipolar nonpsychotic major depression. Symptoms were assessed with the 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). The frequency and severity of residual symptoms were determined in the patients who completed treatment and responded (had at least 50% improvement on the HAM-D). RESULTS In study 1, 117 patients completed treatment and responded. In study 2, 113 patients completed treatment and responded. The most frequent symptoms present after treatment were psychic anxiety, lack of interest, somatic anxiety, and depressed mood. No residual symptom differed significantly between treatment groups in both samples. Ordinal logistic regression, used to control for baseline symptom severity, revealed no other differences between drug groups except that decreased libido was significantly greater with fluoxetine in study 1 and study 2. Three composite scores for residual anxiety, sleep disturbance, and reduced drive did not differ between drug groups. CONCLUSION This study found no differences in residual symptoms in depressed patients who responded to treatment with the SSRI fluoxetine and the NRI reboxetine, with the exception that the fluoxetine group had a greater decrease in sexual interest, a likely side effect of that drug.
Mesenchymal stem cells' interaction with skin: Wound‐healing effect on fibroblast cells and skin tissue

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells with the ability to secrete growth factors. Because wound healing is associated with fibroblast cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) in the dermis and epidermis, we used fibroblast cells to resolve the question of whether or not MSCs regulate wound healing in vitro via a regenerative function. Using a cell proliferation assay, we demonstrated that conditioned media (CM) obtained from MSCs significantly enhanced the cell survival ability of fibroblast cells. Moreover, by measurement of mRNA and protein, we observed that CM also promoted the production or secretion of collagen, elastin, and fibronectin. To better understand the effects of ECM‐related wound healing, we measured the level of collagen‐degradative enzyme (matrix metalloprotease‐1), and observed that CM suppressed matrix metalloprotease‐1 expression. For the determination of oxidative stress, which has an influence on wound healing, we performed the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase assays; our results suggested that CM inhibited the oxidative stress of fibroblast cells. In order to widely investigate the wound‐healing effects of MSCs, we performed in vivo experiments, and observed that MSCs stimulated wound healing. In summary, the results of this study suggest that MSCs inhibit the loss of fibroblast cells and ECM, and accumulation of oxidative stress. We found that MSCs stimulate wound healing in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that MSCs have the potential to enhance wound healing.
Providencia rustigianii: a new species in the family Enterobacteriaceae formerly known as Providencia alcalifaciens biogroup 3

The name Providencia rustigianii sp. nov. is proposed for a group of organisms previously known as Providencia alcalifaciens biogroup 3. By DNA hybridization, strains of P. rustigianii were 81 to 99% related to each other at 60 degrees C, but only 44 to 49% related to P. alcalifaciens biogroups 1 and 2 and 26 to 33% related to Providencia stuartii. P. rustigianii could be differentiated from P. alcalifaciens and P. stuartii by simple biochemical tests. P. rustigianii produced acid from D-galactose but not from trehalose; P. stuartii produced acid from both; and P. alcalifaciens produced acid from neither. P. rustigianii could be distinguished from Providencia rettgeri (formerly Proteus rettgeri) by urea hydrolysis and acid production from D-arabitol; P. rustigianii was negative for these two tests, but P. rettgeri was positive. Strains of P. rustiganii were 32 to 34% related to strains of P. rettgeri. Three of the 11 strains of P. rustigianii were isolated from stools, but the sources of the other isolates are unknown. Three strains (27%) were sensitive to colistin, and 82 to 100% were sensitive to ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Strain ATCC 33673 (CDC no. 0132-68) is the type strain for this species.
Masked translation priming with Japanese–English bilinguals: Interactions between cognate status, target frequency and L2 proficiency

Masked translation priming effects were examined for Japanese–English bilinguals using both cognate and noncognate translation equivalents. In Experiment 1, L1 primes and L2 targets were used to examine translation priming effects as a function of target frequency and bilinguals' L2 proficiency. Translation priming effects for cognates were significantly larger than for noncognates, replicating the cognate priming advantage previously reported with different-script bilinguals. In addition, translation priming effects were significantly larger for low- than for high-frequency targets and for less- than for more-proficient bilinguals, whereas the size of the cognate priming advantage was unaffected by either target frequency or L2 proficiency. In Experiment 2, cognate translation priming effects were tested in the L2–L1 direction. There was a significant cognate translation priming effect regardless of L2 proficiency. These results are consistent with the phonological account of the cognate priming advantage, which proposes that cognate translation priming effects are due to the additive effects of phonological and conceptual factors.
Underuse of anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation

ABSTRACT Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke. Guidelines recommend anticoagulation for patients with intermediate and high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2). Underuse of anticoagulants among eligible patients remains a persistent problem. Evidence demonstrates that the psychology of the fear of causing harm (omission bias) results in physicians’ hesitancy to initiate anticoagulation and an inaccurate estimation of stroke risk. The American Heart Association (AHA) initiated the Get With The Guidelines-AFIB (GWTG-AFIB) module in June 2013 to enhance guideline adherence for treatment and management of AF. Better quality of care for AF patients can be provided by increasing adherence to anticoagulation guidelines and improving patient compliance with anticoagulation therapy through education and established protocols. Nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants may facilitate better patient adherence due to ease of administration and reduced monitoring burden. In this review, we discuss the reasons for underuse, omission bias contributing to underuse, and different strategies to address this issue.