Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing agritourism adoption by small farmers in North Carolina.

The study estimates a logit model to identify factors influencing adoption of agritourism by small farmers in North Carolina using a survey. All variables included in the model were dummies and of these having at least a college education has the greatest impact on participating in agritourism, followed by race, public access to the farm for recreation, farms with more than 50 acres of land deemed unsuitable for crop production, and the total amount of land owned. Other factors such as farms near cities, willingness to pay for farm management advice, and before-tax household income also significantly influenced the adoption of this enterprise. Key words: Agritourism, public access for recreation, farm location, logit model, odds ratios, operator characteristics.
Institutions Design for Managing Global Commons

This paper provides some examples of how institution design affects the emergence of co-operative international agreements to manage global commons. The paper shows how different accession rules, minimum participation rules and negotiation rules affect a country’s decision to sign or not to sign a treaty to protect a global common. The paper also analyses what would be the outcome of the negotiations when treaty design (e.g. the minimum participation rule or the negotiation agenda) is endogenised and strategically chosen by the negotiating countries. Preliminary Version. April 2001 Prepared for presentation at the 4 FEEM-IDEI-INRA Conference on Property Rights, Institutions and Management of Environmental and Natural Resources, Toulouse, May 3-4, 2001. The author is grateful to Carmen Marchiori, Francesca Moriconi, Sonia Oreffice and Jill Weinreich for their valuable assistance. The usual disclaimer applies. Corresponding address: Prof. Carlo Carraro, Department of Economics, University of Venice, San Giobbe 873, Venice, Italy. Tel: + 39 041 2574 166; Fax: + 39 041 2574 176; E-mail: ccarraro@unive.it Institutions Design for Managing Global Commons
Vertical Hole Transport and Carrier Localization in InAs /InAs 1 -x Sb x Type-II Superlattice Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors

Heterojunction bipolar transistors are used to measure vertical hole transport in narrow-band-gap InAs=InAs1−xSbx type-II superlattices (T2SLs). Vertical hole mobilities (μh) are reported and found to decrease rapidly from 360 cm=Vs at 120 K to approximately 2 cm=V s at 30 K, providing evidence that holes are confined to localized states near the T2SL valence-miniband edge at low temperatures. Four distinct transport regimes are identified: (1) pure miniband transport, (2) miniband transport degraded by temporary capture of holes in localized states, (3) hopping transport between localized states in a mobility edge, and (4) hopping transport through defect states near the T2SL valence-miniband edge. Region (2) is found to have a thermal activation energy of ε2 1⁄4 36 meV corresponding to the energy range of a mobility edge. Region (3) is found to have a thermal activation energy of ε3 1⁄4 16 meV corresponding to the hopping transport activation energy. This description of vertical hole transport is analogous to electronic transport observed in disordered amorphous semiconductors displaying Anderson localization. For the T2SL, we postulate that localized states are created by disorder in the group-Valloy of the InAs1−xSbx hole well causing fluctuations in the T2SL valence-band energy.
Valoració objectiva de l’activitat física en sessions d’exercici físic d’un programa multidisciplinari per al tractament de l’obesitat infantil

Antecedents. La inclusio d’exercici fisic supervisat en les intervencions per al tractament de l’obesitat infantil es un dels factors que pot determinar la seva eficacia. No obstant, malgrat que les sessions hagin estat planificades segons les recomanacions, la resposta real dels nens/nenes no sempre ha estat quantificada. La finalitat del treball va ser analitzar el grau de moviment i estimar la despesa energetica durant les sessions d’exercici fisic d’una intervencio per al tractament de l’obesitat infantil. Metode. Hi van participar 41 nens/nenes de 8 a 12 anys, obesos i poc actius, en els quals es va mesurar, mitjancant accelerometres, el grau de moviment global i el temps dedicat a diferents nivells d’intensitat d’esforc (sedentaria, lleugera, moderada-vigorosa) i el patro de les conductes sedentaries i d’activitat fisica durant les sessions d’exercici fisic de la intervencio. Resultats. Les sessions de 60 minuts de durada es caracteritzen per periodes curts de moderada-vigorosa intensitat interromputs per periodes curts de menor intensitat de moviment. Els participants van dedicar un 58,3% del temps a activitats de moderada-vigorosa intensitat, un 30% a activitats de lleugera intensitat i tan sols un 11.8% del temps a conductes sedentaries. Per al conjunt de les sessions, i en particular a les de futbol, la despesa energetica dels nens va ser superior a la de les nenes. Conclusions. El programa d’intervencio dona l’oportunitat d’augmentar els minuts setmanals dedicats a activitat fisica de moderada i vigorosa intensitat i d’incrementar la despesa energetica.
Capital Tax Competition in the European Union: Theory and Evidence from Two Natural Experiments

We investigate the effects of European integration on corporate tax competition. Both economic and monetary integration result in lower transaction costs in �financial markets - by reducing capital controls, red tape and exchange rate uncertainty - and thereby in higher capital mobility. Nevertheless, monetary integration leads to a common pool problem vis-a-vis the shared revenues from issues of the common currency and to higher tax revenue needs due to lower inflation and the defficit constraints embedded in the stability pact. Economic integration may lead to access to better technologies, for the less developed members. It will also lead to more tax-responsive capital and higher user-cost of capital due to the abolition of tariffs. We show that monetary integration leads to lower taxes, while economic integration leads to higher taxes. Furthermore, we �find robust evidence of a race-to-bottom effect. Throughout, we investigate the impact of EU enlargement.
Experiences of Autonomy and Control Among Chinese Learners: Vitalizing or Immobilizing?.

Various cross-cultural researchers state that autonomy is not valued in Eastern cultures and, hence, is unlikely to predict optimal study functioning and well-being. In contrast, self-determination theory (SDT; R. M. Ryan & E. L. Deci, 2000) maintains that autonomous or volitional study motivation is universally important and should predict better learning and higher well-being, even among Chinese students. Two studies were conducted to shed light on this controversial issue. Findings from both studies indicated that autonomous study motivation positively predicts adaptive learning attitudes, academic success, and personal well-being, whereas controlled motivation was associated with higher drop-out rates, maladaptive learning attitudes, and ill-being. In addition, Study 2 revealed that parental autonomy support versus psychological control is related to more adaptive learning strategies and higher well-being and that these effects were mediated by students' relative autonomy for studying. The importance of defining autonomy as an intraindividual, phenomenological experience versus an interpersonal, culturally bounded value is discussed.
Investigating the Impact of Celebrity Endorsement by Banking Sector on Consumer’s Attitude towards availing their Offered Services

It is a challenging task for service marketer to design an advertisement for promoting the sale of financial services because of their unique features of intangibility, variability, perishability and inseperatibility. Service marketers are adopting Celebrity Endorsement as a marketing strategy in making services less abstract by presenting human models especially high profile celebrities as tangible representation of the advertised services in a highly cluttered and competitive environment. To measure the impact of celebrities on consumers’ purchase intentions, past researches have used different number and types of independent dimensions of source credibility like trustworthiness, attractiveness, expertise, congruence, respect, similarity, race, gender of celebrity endorsements for different product categories. However such analyses have not been done much for Indian Banking service sector. Thus keeping in mind the growing usage of celebrity endorsement in banking sector, this study is focussed on evaluating the impact of celebrities on consumers’ purchase intentions for services offered by banks in Delhi-NCR. A deductive approach has been followed in selecting variables measuring credibility of celebrities. The five dimensions of credibility as proposed by Shimp in his model TEARS (Trustworthiness, Expertise, Physical Attractiveness, Respect and Similarity) have been used as variables. Reliability was tested by Cronbach Alpha to verify the internal consistency of the variables. The survey of 234 respondents using banking services from Delhi-NCR was done by using convenience sampling method with the help of structured questionnaire. The SPSS statistical tests like Correlation, Regression and two tail t-test were used to evaluate the individual impact of all five dimensions of credibility of celebrities on consumers’ purchase intention. It has been found that though 5 dimensions of TEARS models have their influence on consumers’ purchase intention with high correlation coefficient. However consumers are not highly influenced by celebrity endorsement in taking their purchase decisions for banking services. They are more interested in getting more returns and security on their investment. This implied that marketers should limit their expenditure on celebrity endorsement only for creating awareness for banking services and more focus should be diverted towards providing better returns to investors with other value added services.
Farmers' Agro forestry in Pakistan, Farmers' Role-Trends and Attitudes

The purpose of the study was to identify the beliefs that underlie farmers' decisions to engage in agro-forestry, defined as intension to plant trees in the farms. The less proportion of forest land and perpetual degradation of existing forest plantation are confronting serious threats to the sustainability of forest plantation in Pakistan. Agro forestry has been identified the most feasible solution; especially in irrigated areas of Punjab. The application of theory of planned behavior during the survey of 64 farmers in three different ecological zones showed/depicted that farmers' willingness to plant trees on their fields is a result of their attitudes towards the advantages and disadvantages of trees, their perception of the opinions of salient referents and factors those encourage and discourage farm level tree planting. Farmers' viewed farm forestry as economically beneficial and environment friendly. Tree planting was being perceived as increasing income, providing wood for fuel and furniture, controlling pollution and providing shade for human and animals. Farmers viewed the hindrance in agriculture operations and the harboring of insects pests and diseases as negative impacts of tree planting; however, they were outweighed by their perceptions of positive impacts. Tree growing decisions of the farmers were influenced by the opinions of the family, owners/tenants, fellow-farmers. Farm forestry programs are more likely to be successful, if they acknowledge and address the factors, which underlie farmers' reasons for planting or not planting trees.
The echinoderm (Deuterostomia) fauna of the Aegean Sea, and comparison with those of the neighbouring seas

Earlier and recent sampling carried out in the Aegean Sea revealed the presence of 20 asteroid, 14 ophiuroid, 21 echinoid, and 1 holothuroid species. The ophiuroid Monaphiura apicula, and the echinoids Arbaciella elegans, Echinus melo and Hemiaster expergitus are recorded for the first time in the Eastern Mediterranean; the latter has previously been known only from the Western Mediterranean. The ophiuroid Amphiura (Acrocnida) brachiata is recorded for the first time in the Aegean Sea. For all species, information on their distribution and habitat is given. A checklist of the Mediterranean and Black Sea echinoderms, as well as their distribution in the Mediterranean territorial areas and the Black Sea are also presented. Furthermore, the faunas of the Mediterranean territorial areas are compared. According to the considered data, the number of species decreases as follows: Western Mediterranean, Aegean Sea, Adriatic Sea, Central Mediterranean, Levantine Sea and Black Sea. Species with an Atlanto-Mediterranean distribution dominate in all areas and are followed in numbers by the Mediterranean endemics and cosmopolitans. Four species of Indo-Pacific origin are located in the Levantine and SE Aegean seas.
The Effect of Training on Preparatory Attention in Older Adults: Evidence for the Role of Uncertainty in Age-Related Preparatory Deficits

Thirty-two older adults and 20 younger adults completed a simple visual detection task in which the preparatory interval (PI; 1, 3, and 5 s) that separates the warning signal from the target varied randomly on each trial. Participants were divided into two groups. In a control condition, participants completed four blocks of trials with the three PIs occurring equally often within a block. In the experimental condition, participants completed an equal probability block (Block 1) followed by two blocks (Blocks 2 and 3) in which the shortest PI (1 s) occurred on 2/3 of the trials, followed again by an equal probability block (Block 4). In Block 1, the results indicated a larger PI effect in older than younger participants, independent of general slowing. Increasing the likelihood of the shortest PI (Blocks 2 and 3 in the experimental condition) improved RT in older and younger adults and led to an equivalent PI effect in both age groups. This was not observed in the control condition, in which the age-related difference persisted during the four blocks of trials. Importantly, the improvement observed in the experimental group was maintained in the fourth block, where the PIs were reverted to an equal probability distribution. This supports the hypothesis that elderly participants prepare for events that have the greatest probability of occurrence and that this is a flexible process that can be modulated with brief training.
The Effect of Yeast Strain, Immobilisation, and Ageing Time on the Amount of Free Amino Acids and Amino Acids in Peptides of Sparkling Wines Obtained from cv. Dimrit Grapes

In this study, the influence of yeast strain, immobilisation, and ageing time with yeast were examined in relation to the amount of free amino acids and amino acids in the peptides of wines. Free and immobilised Saccharomyces bayanus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts were used in sparkling wine production. Samples from the base wine and sparkling wines were taken at 20, 40, 90, 180, 270 and 365 days of ageing with yeast. It was observed that the majority of differences between wine samples in terms of the amount of free amino acids and amino acids in peptides were due to ageing time. The amount of total free amino acids in wine made with Saccharomyces cerevisiae was higher than in that made with Saccharomyces bayanus. In addition, no differences were observed between free and immobilised yeast in terms of amino acids and amino acids in peptides.
2D Simulation of Fowler-Nordheim Electron Emission in Scanning Probe Lithography

2D Simulation of Fowler-Nordheim Electron Emission in Scanning Probe Lithography For the manufacturing of quantum computers it will be necessary to routinely fabricate devices with critical dimensions down to the single-digit nanometer range. Since the high-costs and belated development of extreme UV lithography, we are focused on scanning probe lithography (SPL) utilizing Fowler-Nordheim emitted electrons for patterning of molecular resist materials. Our method is similar to the electron beam lithography with special electron emitters, i.e. our nanotips, differing in the much lower energy of the emitted electrons and the possibility to work at ambient conditions. Based on the thermo-mechanically actuated, piezoresistive cantilever technology our group has developed a first prototype of a scanning probe lithography platform able to image, inspect, align and pattern features down to single nanometer regime. Here, we present theoretical investigations of the electron emission and the surface exposure with the emitted electrons. Our simulation model and the used assumptions are described. The resulting electric field and electron density distributions are analyzed to gain deeper insights into relevance of the lithographic exposure parameters.
EVALUATION OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO GLUTARALDEHYDE AMONG ENDOSCOPY NURSING STAFF IN MENOUFIYA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

Background: Glutaraldehyde is the best disinfectant for fibreoptic endoscopes. A number of studies has reported that glutaraldehyde is an irritating substance affecting ocular and nasal mucosae and may give rise to sensitization. Cases of allergic dermatitis, rhinitis, epistaxis, asthma, lacrimation and headache were also reported among exposed workers. Aim of the work: This study aimed at finding the nature and prevalence of workrelated symptoms (WRSs) among nurses working in endoscopy units and assessment of the concentration of glutaraldehyde in the work environment. Subjects and Methods: Thirty non-pregnant non-smokers nurses occupationally exposed to glutaraldehyde (GA) in various endoscopy units in Menoufiya University hospital were chosen as subjects of this study. An equal number of nurses never occupationally exposed to GA were chosen as a non-exposed group. The Medical Research Council Respiratory Questionnaire was used to record work-related symptoms, spirometric measurements and laboratory measurement of total immunoglobulin E 75 Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine, 2007; 31 (1) : 75 85 76 Al-Batanony M.A. & El-ShafieM. K.
Collective Threat Framing and Mobilization in Civil War

Research on civil war mobilization emphasizes armed group recruitment tactics and individual motivations to fight, but does not explore how individuals come to perceive the threat involved in civil war. Drawing on eight months of fieldwork with participants and nonparticipants in the Georgian-Abkhaz war of 1992–93, this article argues that social structures, within which individuals are embedded, provide access to information critical for mobilization decisions by collectively framing threat. Threat framing filters from national through local leadership, to be consolidated and acted on within quotidian networks. Depending on how the threat is perceived—whether toward the self or the collectivity at its different levels—individuals adopt self- to other-regarding roles, from fleeing to fighting on behalf of the collectivity, even if it is a weaker actor in the war. This analysis sheds light on how the social framing of threat shapes mobilization trajectories and how normative and instrumental motivations interact in civil war.
The Determination of Exposure to Total, Inhalable and Respirable Particles in Welders in Benin City, Edo State

In many welding processes, air pollutants are generated and take the form of dust, fume and gases. These particles generally remain suspended in air and in that way can be carried long distances from the welding arc. Plethora of studies have suggested that welding is insidious to the male reproductive system, other pernicious effect includes the development of benign pneumoconiosis, siderosis, respiratory impairment, headache, nausea, shortness of breath, muscle pain and a metallic taste in the mouth. The objectives of this study was to determine the personal exposure to total, inhalable and respirable particulate matter among welder in Benin City, subject the data to statistical analysis and compare the values obtained to the regulatory limits. The particles were captured using SKC Air Check Gravimetric Sampler. The sampling was done three times a week for six months between October 2011 to March 2012. The result showed that there was spatial variation in the measured TSP, respirable and Inhalable PM and also that the measured particulate matters were above the threshold Limit Value (TLV) in most of the locations studied except for welders in Oluku and Agbor which their TSP, Respirable and Inhalable are below this limit.
ERROR ESTIMATION OF THE METHOD OF AUXILIARY SOURCES (MAS) FOR SCATTERING FROM AN IMPEDANCE CIRCULAR CYLINDER

The purpose of this paper is a rigorous error estimation of the Method of Auxiliary Sources (MAS),when the latter is applied to electromagnetic scattering from a circular,coated,perfectly conducting cylinder,assumed to satisfy the Standard Impedance Boundary Condition (SIBC). The MAS matrix is inverted analytically, via eigenvalue analysis,and an exact expression for the discretization error in the boundary condition is derived. Furthermore,an analytical formula for the condition number of the linear system is also extracted, in addition to an asymptotic estimate for large scatterers,explaining the irregular behavior of the computational error resulting from numerical matrix inversion. Finally,the optimal location of the auxiliary sources is determined,on the grounds of error minimization.
A comparison of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages among different types of alpine streams

SUMMARY 1. Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were compared among a diverse array of firstorder alpine tundra streams of the Swiss Alps. 2. A principal components analysis separated sites into three main groups: rhithral streams, rhithral lake outlets, and kryal sites including outlets and streams. Rhithral streams contained the most diverse and taxon rich assemblages, being colonised by both non-insect taxa and Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Diptera. 3. Rhithral lake outlets supported high densities of non-insect taxa such as Oligochaeta, Nemathelminthes and crustaceans. Despite low taxon richness, kryal sites had high Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera abundances. Chironomidae were most common at all sites. 4. Collector-gatherers were dominant at all sites, whereas filter-feeders were rare. Scrapers and shredders were more common in streams than lake outlets. 5. Water temperature and algal standing crops were higher at rhithral lake outlets than rhithral streams, perhaps providing more favourable habitat for non-insect taxa. Glacial runoff was the dominant factor influencing macroinvertebrate assemblages of kryal streams and kryal lake outlets. Alpine lakes influenced the environmental conditions of their outlets and, consequently, their macroinvertebrate assemblages unless being constrained by a glacial influence.