Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A vertical bait station for black rats (Rattus rattus) that reduces bait take by a sympatric native rodent

Novel bait stations can be used as a targeted method of delivering bait by exploiting behavioural traits of the targetspecies.OnMuttonbirdIsland,NewSouthWales,theblackrat(Rattusrattus)hasbeenbaitedtoaidtheconservationof the island's wedge-tailed shearwater (Ardenna pacifica) colony, which may result in poisoning of the sympatric swamp rat (Rattuslutreolus). WeaimedtodesignabaitstationthatR.rattuscouldreach,butthatR.lutreoluscouldnot. Wefoundthat11 (92%) of 12 captive R. rattus reached the bait chambers by climbing a 50-cm vertical pipe, whereas only four (18%) of 22 R.lutreolusreachedthesebaitstations. Ina fieldtrialonMuttonbirdIslandR.rattusenteredthebaitchamberonanaverageof 5.3eventspernightofverticalbaitstationdeployment,butR.lutreolusdidnotenterthestations. Ina fieldtrialonthemainland at a site with a high density of R. lutreolus, this species was detected in one vertical bait station five times, equating to an averageof0.017eventspernightofverticalbaitstationdeployment. WeconcludethatR.rattusreadilyclimbsa50-cmpipeto enter the bait station, whereas R. lutreolus rarely or never does on Muttonbird Island or at the mainland site.
Impact of mineral dust on shortwave and longwave radiation: evaluation of different vertically resolved parameterizations in 1-D radiative transfer computations

Abstract. Aerosol radiative properties are investigated in southeastern Spain during a dust event on 16–17 June 2013 in the framework of the ChArMEx/ADRIMED (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact on the regional climate in the MEDiterranean region) campaign. Particle optical and microphysical properties from ground-based sun/sky photometer and lidar measurements, as well as in situ measurements on board the SAFIRE ATR 42 French research aircraft, are used to create a set of different levels of input parameterizations, which feed the 1-D radiative transfer model (RTM) GAME (Global Atmospheric ModEl). We consider three datasets: (1) a first parameterization based on the retrievals by an advanced aerosol inversion code (GRASP; Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties) applied to combined photometer and lidar data, (2) a parameterization based on the photometer columnar optical properties and vertically resolved lidar retrievals with the two-component Klett–Fernald algorithm, and (3) a parameterization based on vertically resolved optical and microphysical aerosol properties measured in situ by the aircraft instrumentation. Once retrieved, the outputs of the RTM in terms of both shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes are compared against ground and in situ airborne measurements. In addition, the outputs of the model in terms of the aerosol direct radiative effect are discussed with respect to the different input parameterizations. Results show that calculated atmospheric radiative fluxes differ no more than 7 % from the measured ones. The three parameterization datasets produce a cooling effect due to mineral dust both at the surface and the top of the atmosphere. Aerosol radiative effects with differences of up to 10 W m−2 in the shortwave spectral range (mostly due to differences in the aerosol optical depth) and 2 W m−2 for the longwave spectral range (mainly due to differences in the aerosol optical depth but also to the coarse mode radius used to calculate the radiative properties) are obtained when comparing the three parameterizations. The study reveals the complexity of parameterizing 1-D RTMs as sizing and characterizing the optical properties of mineral dust is challenging. The use of advanced remote sensing data and processing, in combination with closure studies on the optical and microphysical properties from in situ aircraft measurements when available, is recommended.
The importance of a homogeneous transformational leadership climate for organizational performance

This study puts a core assumption of the recently-emerged concept of transformational leadership (TFL) climate under direct empirical scrutiny; namely, that it is not only the average level (i.e., the mean perceptions among employees), but also the level of homogeneity (i.e., the variance in perceptions) which is important for understanding the effect of TFL climate on organizational outcomes. By developing and testing an interaction hypothesis in a dual-source dataset containing 107 small- and medium-sized organizations, we extend previous knowledge in two important ways. First, we extend the limited empirical evidence on TFL climate by relating it for the first time to organizational performance. Second, we test the previously assumed, but never investigated, assumption of homogeneity for the TFL climate construct at the organizational level. Our results show that it is important to investigate such underlying core assumptions, as the average level of TFL climate was found to relate more strongly to organizational performance with increasing levels of homogeneity in TFL climate.
The Red-Billed Curassow (Crax blumenbachii): Social Organization, and Daily Activity Patterns

Abstract We studied the Red-billed Currasow (Crax blumenbachii) in Vale Natural Reserve, Linhares, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, using camera traps. We found the Red-billed Curassow present in the entire area of the reserve (∼ 22,000 ha) during 40 months of camera trapping (2005–2008). Most records were of single individuals, especially males, but pairs and even groups of individuals were also recorded. Males were paired with one and two females, suggesting polygyny in the species. The species was recorded throughout the day with one peak from 0500 to 0600 hrs and another after 1600 hrs. The daily activity pattern was similar for males and females. The number and widespread nature of the records suggests the local population of this species may be higher than previously thought.
An introduction to stable water isotopes in climate models: benefits of forward proxy modelling for paleoclimatology

Abstract. Stable water isotopes have been measured in a wide range of climate archives, with the purpose of reconstructing regional climate variations. Yet the common assumption that the isotopic signal is a direct indicator of temperature proves to be misleading under certain circumstances, since its relationship with temperature also depends on e.g. atmospheric circulation and precipitation seasonality. Here we introduce the principles, benefits and caveats of using climate models with embedded water isotopes as a support for the interpretation of isotopic climate archives. A short overview of the limitations of empirical calibrations of isotopic proxy records is presented. In some cases, the underlying hypotheses are not fulfilled and the calibration contradicts the physical interpretation of isotopic fractionation. The simulation of climate and its associated isotopic signal, despite difficulties related to downscaling and intrinsic atmospheric variability, can provide a "transfer function" between the isotopic signal and the considered climate variable. The relationship between modelled temperature and isotopic signal is analysed under present-day, pre-industrial and mid-Holocene conditions. The linear regression relationship is statistically more significant for precipitation-weighted annual temperature than mean annual temperature, yet the regression slope varies greatly between the time-slice experiments. Temperature reconstructions that do not account for the slope variations will in this case underestimate the low-frequency variability and overestimate high-frequency variability from the isotopic proxy record. The spatial variability of the simulated δ18O-temperature slope further indicates that the isotopic signal is primarily controlled by synoptic atmospheric circulation rather than local temperature.
Integrating field , textural and geochemical monitoring to track eruption triggers and 1 dynamics : a case-study from Piton

19 The 2014 eruption at Piton de lLa Fournaise (PdF), Lla Réeunion, which occurred after 41 20 months of quiescence, began with surprisingly little precursory activity, and was one of the 21 smallest so far observed at PdF in terms of duration (less than 2 days) and volume (less than 22 0.0.44 x 10 6 Mm 3 ). The pyroclastic material was composed of spiny-opaque, spiny23 iridescent, and fluidal basaltic scoria along with golden basaltic pumice. Density analyses 24 performed on 200 lapilli reveal that the spiny-opaque clasts are the densest (1600 kg/m 3 ) and 25 richest in crystals (55 vol%), and the golden pumices are the lightest (400 kg/m 3 ) and poorest 26 in crystals (14 8 vol%). The connectivity data indicate that the fluidal and golden (Hawaiian27 like) clasts have more isolated vesicles (up to 40%) than the spiny (Strombolian-like) clasts 28 (0-5%). These textural variations are linked to primary pre-eruptive magma storage 29 conditions. The golden and fluidal fragments track the hotter portion of the melt, in contrast to 30 the spiny fragments and lava which that that mirror the cooler portion of the shallow reservoir. 31 Exponential decrease of the magma ascent and output rates corresponded to pProgressive 32
Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Nigella sativa and Mentha piperita Oils to Broilers

This study was carried out to evaluate the biochemical and histopathological effects of dietary supplementation of Nigella sativa and Mentha piperita oils to broilers for 6 weeks. A total 80 unsexed one day old Cobb broiler chicks was obtained from Cairo Company with average body weight 55g were used . The chicks were taken and randomly allocated into 4 equal groups (20 each) named control, Nigella sativa oil treated group, Mentha piperita oil treated group and Nigella sativa + Mentha piperita oils treated group. Serum samples and tissue samples (liver and kidney) were obtained at 21 and 42 days old for some serum biochemical analysis (ALT, AST and ALP activities; creatinine, Urea, Total protein and Albumin levels) and histopathological examination (Liver and Kidney processed slide sections). The obtained results indicated that dietary supplementation of broilers diet with Nigella sativa, Mentha piperita and their combination for long period (6 weeks) couldn’t alter liver and kidney functions as cleared from biochemical findings but could caused slight hepatic and renal histopathological changes as showed from histopathological examination.
Aspects of the Mean Wintertime Circulation along Australia's Southern Shelves: Numerical Studies

Abstract A high-resolution numerical model is used to study the mean wintertime shelf-slope circulation between the Gulfs of South Australia and the west coast of Tasmania. The mean downwelling-favorable winds for the region result in a continuous eastward coastal current (CC) extending from Cape Leeuwin to the eastern coast of Tasmania. The magnitude of the CC is generally largest over the shelf break, has speeds of more than 40 cm s−1 [transport 2.4 Sv (Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1)], and is generally in good agreement with observations. The relative importance of the Leeuwin Current, zonal winds, and density gradients to the shelf circulation is established. Within Bass Strait, the eastward circulation is in good agreement with observations and simple models show that about 30% of the transport arises from local winds and the remainder from the CC. The total transport through the strait (0.95 Sv) is shown to be controlled by sea level on the east coast of Tasmania. A current of up to 10 cm s−1 is also found to flow.
Extracellular ATP: a potential molecule regulating the defence response of plants to biotic stresses – a review

Jia L. , Bai J., Guan D. , Sun K. , Jiao Q. , Feng Q. (2016): Extracellular ATP: a potential molecule regulating the defence response of plants to biotic stresses – a review. Plant Protect. Sci., 52: 221–228. Although adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is commonly considered as an intracellular energy currency molecule, animal, plant, and microbial cells can secrete ATP from the cytosol into the extracellular matrix. In plant cells, extracellular ATP (eATP) is found to play important roles in regulating several physiological processes, such as cell growth, development, and death. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that eATP could be a potential molecule required for the regulation of the defence responses of plants to pathogen infection and herbivore attack. This review article summarises the preliminary studies that have been conducted regarding the possible involvement of eATP in plant defence responses to biotic stress. And, we also attempt to address some speculations and theoretical discussions to aid future research in this area.
THE INFLUENCE OF pH ON THE RECOVERY OF CONTAMINATING MICRO-ORGANISMS FROM HONEY , ' f ' ( BVM )

v iii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 5 CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS 26 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS 32 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 43 CHAPTER 6: REFERENCES 51 CHAPTER 7: APPENDICES 65
The Primacy of the Self in Shame: Can Shame be Benevolent?

Mainstream psychology views shame as a unitary construct that is conclusively pathogenic. In the present research a tentative theoretical framework that encompasses adaptive and maladaptive forms of shame based on the interface between shame and different forms of self-esteem was developed. A qualitative study was conducted to investigate shame-inducing situations in the Malay context and the role of different self-conceptions in steering multiple forms of shame and their corresponding behavioural outcomes. The results indicated that though shame was engendered by a broad range of situations, the most common situational determinant of shame was negative evaluation. An unexpected inducer of shame that appeared in the analysis reflected a generalised state of shame. Coding analysis yielded to a number of self-conceptions. An adaptive form of shame was evoked as a result of private feelings of self-discrepancy. Maladaptive forms of shame were elicited as a result of feeling persistently deficient, a concern with others evaluation of the self, and an adopted self (rigid and immune). Behavioural outcomes varied by virtue of different self-conceptions from anticipatory to reactive on the one hand and from genuinely (e.g., self-improvement) to maliciously motivated (e.g., self-protection, and self-enhancement) on the other. Discussion focused on interpreting the findings in light of self-discrepancy theories and the cultural selfperspective.
Comparative study of nitroglycerin dermal patch versus nifedipine in the management of preterm labour

Background: The aim of present study was to compare the effect of nitroglycerin dermal patch and nifedipine for taking control of preterm labor (tocolysis) and to find the safer drug for mother and foetus.Methods: Women with signs and symptoms of preterm labor between gestational ages 26-37 weeks were studied. These women were divided into 2 groups. Group A-50 women were prescribed nitroglycerin dermal patch and in Group B-50 women were given nifedipine. Primary outcome of the study was to delay the delivery for at least 48 hours. Secondary outcomes were gestational age at the time of delivery, prolongation of labor, effect on neonate and adverse effects.Results: Both groups were comparable regarding cervical effacement in cm and gestational age in weeks at the time of enrollment. Gestational age at the time of delivery in weeks (p < 0.01), prolongation of pregnancy in days (p > 0.05), neonatal Apgar score at 5 minutes (p < 0.05), neonatal weight in kg (p < 0.05) and foetal outcomes were better in nifedipine group in comparison to nitroglycerin. The overall side effects were less in nifedipine group as compared to nitroglycerin group. Overall success rate was 88% with nifedipine and 76% in nitroglycerin cases.Conclusions: Both the drugs were able to postpone the delivery for 48 hours. Nifedipine was found to be superior to nitroglycerin dermal patch in prolongation of gestational age at the time of delivery, in perinatal outcome and maternal acceptance.
The Excess Sensitivity of Long-Term Rates: A Tale of Two Frequencies

Long-term nominal interest rates are known to be highly sensitive to high-frequency (daily or monthly) movements in short-term rates. We find that, since 2000, this high-frequency sensitivity has grown even stronger in U.S. data. By contrast, the association between low-frequency changes (at six- or twelve-month horizons) in short- and long-term rates, which was also strong before 2000, has weakened substantially. We show that this puzzling post-2000 combination of high-frequency “excess sensitivity” and low-frequency “decoupling” of short- and long-term rates arises because increases in short rates temporarily raise the term premium on long-term bonds, leading long rates to temporarily overreact to changes in short rates. The post-2000 frequency-dependent sensitivity of long-term rates can be understood using a model in which (i) declines in short rates lead to outward shifts in the demand for long-term bonds (for example, because some investors “reach for yield”) and (ii) the arbitrage response to these demand shifts is slow. We discuss the implications of our findings for the transmission of monetary policy and the validity of the event-study methodologies.
Evaluation of Shugor, Dubasi and Watish subtypes of Sudan Desert sheep at the El-Huda National Sheep Research Station, Gezira Province, Sudan.

Data on Shugor, Dubasi and Watish subtypes of Sudan Desert sheep, collected at El-Huda National Sheep Research Station, Sudan, in the period 1975-84, are analysed. There were subtype differences in weights of ewes at first conception , at first parturition and at weaning of the first lamb(s) at 120 days after first parturition, the Watish being lighter than the other two subtypes. There were no differences among subtypes in age at first lambing (689 days). Litter size was bigger in Shugor (1.30) than in Watish (1.17) orDubasi(1.18) subtypes , but lambing interval was shorter in Watish (403 days) than in Dubasi (425 days) or Shugor (449 days) subtypes. Annual reproductive rate (lambs born per ewe per year) was higher in Shugor (1.18) than in Watish (1.14) or Dubasi (1.01) subtypes. Shugor and Dubasi sheep were generally heavier from birth to one year than Watish. Some Watish crossbreds exhibited heterosis in weight and growth. From 365 to 1095 days weights did not differ among subtypes. Postpartum weights of mature Watish ewes were lower (37.0 kg) than those of either Dubasi (42.2 kg) or Shugor (42.3 kg) subtypes at all parturitions. Watish had lower death rates to weaning (29.7%) than either Shugor (40.5%) or Dubasi (42.6%) subtypes. Productivity indices were 16.8 kg of young weaned (at 120 days) per ewe per year, 419 g of young weaned per kg ewe per year and 1 . 14 kg of young weaned per kg0 73 ewe per year and did not differ among subtypes. Effects of dam origin (station-born or foundation), type of birth or parturition (single or twin), sex, season and year of birth or parturition and parity were also examined.
Earnings management in public and private companies in The Netherlands

This paper investigates the use of earnings management in public and private companies within the Netherlands. Because public companies are exposed to various capital market pressures and share prices of public companies are influenced by reported earnings, I expect that public companies engage more in earnings management than private companies. This study combines the power of two models frequently used to measure earnings management: (1) The earnings distribution model; and (2) The modified Jones model. By applying both models on my sample of financial data of 77 public companies and 3.105 private companies between 2000 and 2009, I provide strong evidence of earnings management. The two models show evidence that both public and private companies in the Netherlands engage in earnings management. I’m unable to provide convincing evidence that earnings management is applied more in either public or private companies. The earnings distribution model shows mixed results, although the evidence of earnings management in private companies is stronger. The modified Jones model shows overwhelming evidence of more earnings management in public companies. Master thesis Accounting & Finance Erasmus University Rotterdam 18 / 11 / 2010
Does Higher Education Enhance Migration?

This paper examines the causal impact of education on within-country migration. A major higher education reform took place in Finland in the 1990s. It gradually transformed former vocational colleges into polytechnics and expanded higher education to all regions. The reform created exogenous variation in the regional supply of higher education. Using the reform as an instrument, our estimation results show that polytechnic graduates have a 7.5 (13.7) percentage points higher migration probability during a three-year (six-year) follow-up period than vocational college graduates.
Reporting of T4 Genotype of Acanthamoeba Isolates in Recreational Water Sources of Gilan Province, Northern Iran

Background: Acanthamoeba spp. is the causative agent of blindness keratitis and fatal encephalaitis. Presence of Acanthamoeba spp. in a wide variety of niches such as different water types can lead to exposure of high risk people such as contact lens wearers. The main aim of the present study was to explore the occurrence of Acanthamoeba genotypes in the recreational water sources using both morphological and molecular approaches in Gilan province, Iran. M aterials and Methods: Overall, 50 samples were collected from recreational water sources including man- made and natural waters in Gilan province. Filtration and cultivation of samples was performed using non-nutrient agar. Cloning of Acanthamoeba spp. was done to eliminate bacterial and fungi contamination. PCR amplification and sequencing were performed using genus-specific primer pair. Genotype identification was based on homology analysis of 18S rRNA gene (DF3) of the obtained sequences with the available genes in the gene bank data base. R es ults: Out of 50 water samples, 15 (30%) were positive for Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts according to morphological criteria. Cloning of 13 isolates (26%) was done successfully. Molecular analysis of 13 Acanthamoeba strain revealed that all isolates were belonged to potentially pathogenic T4 genotype. C onclusion: T4 genotype is the main cause of Acanthamoeba- related infections. Presence of Acanthamoeba belonged to T4 genotype in recreational water sources is of concern for high risk people. Alarming sign and education to high risk people is of utmost importance to prevent such infections.