Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of Factors Associated With Success of Vaginal Birth after Previous One Caesarean Section

1 Professor & Head, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, GR Medical College, Gwalior (MP) 1 Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sri Aurboindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore (MP) 3 EX-Resident, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, GR Medical College, Gwalior (MP) Corresponding Author Dr Jyoti Bindal 11, J.A. Hospital Campus, Gwalior (MP) Email: drjyotibindal@bindal.me, 9826255566 Abstract Background: A women with previous caesarean birth has two options in her subsequent delivery, either planned elective repeat caesarean or planned vaginal birth. Both the options are associated with risks and benefits. Aims and Objective: To study the factors associated with vaginal birth after a cesarean delivery (VBAC) and associated fetal and maternal outcome. Materials and Methods: Two hundred women with previous one lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) were included in the study conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kamla Raja Hospital, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior from November 2013 to October 2014. All the women were divided in to elective repeat Caesarean section (ERCS) group (women who delivered through caesarean section after trial of labor) and VBAC group (patient who delivered through vaginal route after trial of labor). Both the groups were studied for age, parity, gestation age, indication for previous CS, reason for failed trial and neonatal birth weight. Results: In VBAC group, most of the patients (48%) belong to age group of 26-30 years, most of them were having gestation age of 37-40 weeks (60%), most common indication for previous CS was malpresentation (40%) followed by fetal distress (30%). Non-progress of labour (48%) was the common cause of failed trial of labour and 86% of the neonates of VBAC group had birth weight of ≤3 kgs. Maternal complications were more in ERCS group compared to VBAC group. Conclusion: In all women with prior CS, if selected properly on the basis of predictive factors can be successfully tried for VBAC.
Enhanced intrarenal angiotensin II generation in response to obstruction of the pig ureter.

The effect of acute unilateral complete ureteral obstruction (UUO) on renal hemodynamics has been examined in a pig model. Pigs were operated on under general anesthesia, electromagnetic flow probes were inserted around renal arteries, and catheters were implanted in renal veins and aorta for blood sampling. The influence of 15 h of obstruction on the physiological variation in immunoreactive angiotensin II (ANG II) was measured together with detailed analysis of the renal handling of ANG II in anesthetized animals. Pelvic pressure rose significantly within 2 h to a maximum of 59.9 +/- 2.9 cmH2O (n = 10). The ipsilateral renal blood flow (RBF) was reduced by 30% from 319 +/- 35 to 241 +/- 42 ml/min (P = 0.001), whereas contralateral RBF did not change. A temporary significant increase in mean aortic blood pressure was seen during the first 2 h after UUO. Renal vascular resistance increased by 44% in the obstructed kidney from 37 +/- 3 to 55 +/- 9 mmHg.ml-1.min.g during the course of obstruction. Concomitantly, the plasma concentration of immunoreactive ANG II increased from all three sample sites by 8-15 times. This increase was highly significant compared with the sham-operated group. The results show that the pig kidney responds to UUO by a net secretion of ANG II from the ipsilateral kidney. Our observations on the ANG II renal secretion rate suggest that part of the immunoreactive ANG II in the renal venous effluent originated de novo from intrarenal generation.
NhaR and RcsB Independently Regulate the osmCp1 Promoter of Escherichia coli at Overlapping Regulatory Sites

ABSTRACT Transcription of the Escherichia coli osmC gene is induced by several stress conditions. osmC is expressed from two overlapping promoters, osmCp1 and osmCp2. The proximal promoter, osmCp2, is transcribed at the entry into the stationary phase by the σs sigma factor. The distal promoter, osmCp1, is activated by NhaR and RcsB. NhaR is a positive regulator of the LysR family and is known to be an activator of the nhaA gene encoding an Na+/H+ antiporter. RcsB is the response regulator of the RcsCDB His-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Genetic data indicated that activation of osmCp1 by both NhaR and RcsB requires the same short sequences upstream of the −35 region of the promoter. Accordingly, DNase I footprint analysis indicated that both activators protect an overlapping region close to the −35 box of the promoter and suggested that the regulatory effect is direct. Despite the overlap of the binding sites, each activator acts independent of the other and is specific for a particular stress. NhaR can stimulate osmCp1 in response to an osmotic signal even in the absence of RcsB. RcsB is responsible for the induction of osmCp1 by alteration of the cell envelope, even in the absence of NhaR. osmCp1 as an example of multiple-stress-responsive promoter is discussed in light of a comparison of the NhaR and RcsB target regions in the Enterobacteriaceae.
Gene polymorphisms and febrile neutropenia in acute leukemia--no association with IL-4, CCR-5, IL-1RA, but the MBL-2, ACE, and TLR-4 are associated with the disease in Turkish patients: a preliminary study.

AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL-2), interleukin (IL)-4, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), chemokine receptor 5 (CCR-5), and IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA) gene polymorphisms (GPs) in acute leukemias (ALs) and to evaluate their roles in febrile neutropenia (FN) resulting from chemotherapy. METHODS The study included 60 AL patients hospitalized between the period of July 2001 and August 2006. Polymorphisms for the genes ACE(I/D), CCR-5, IL-1RA, MBL-2, TLR-4, and IL-4 were typed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or PCR-restriction fragment length polymerase. Genotype frequencies for these genes were compared in the patient and control groups. The relationships between the genotypes and the body distribution of infections, pathogens, the duration of neutropenia, and febrile episodes in AL patients were evaluated. RESULTS No significant differences in either the genotype distribution or the allelic frequencies of TLR-4, IL-4, CCR-5, IL-1RN GPs were observed between patients and healthy controls. The AB/BB genotype (53.3%) in the MBL-2 gene was found to be significantly higher in the AL patients compared with control groups. There were correlations between the presence of MBL-2, TLR-4, and ACE polymorphisms and clinical parameters due to FN. Overall, bacteremia was more common in MBL BB and ACE DD. Gram-positive bacteremia was more common in ACE for ID versus DD genotype. Gram-negative bacteremia was more common for both the MBL-2 AB/BB genotype and TLR-4 AG genotype. Median durations of febrile episodes were significantly shorter in ACE DD and MBL AB/BB. CONCLUSION Although TLR-4, ACE, and MBL-2 GPs have been extensively investigated in different clinical pictures, this is the first study to evaluate the role of these polymorphisms in the genetic etiopathogenesis of FN in patients with ALs. As a conclusion, TLR-4, ACE, and MBL-2 genes might play roles in the genetic etiopathogenesis of FN in patients with ALs.
Private savings, financial developments and institutions in emerging economies

In the 1950s and 1960s, after gaining independence from their colonial powers, most developing countries adopted ―market substitution‖ as their policy for economic development and growth. In essence, this was an industrialisation strategy followed by these developing economies to concentrate on home-grown products and nurture their expertise in order to reach the status of industrialised nations. However, by the end of 1970s, many developing countries began to realize the failures of their inward-looking approach to industrialization when their economies were mired with high unemployment, inflation and chronic external debt. By the middle of 1980s, many of these countries began to change their policies and reorient themselves into market economies. However, with financial crises and economic recessions that resulted from pursuing market driven liberalization policies, these economies began to realize the flaws of the market driven approach to industrialization. Nevertheless, they continued with the liberalised policies incorporating market as well as non-market (institutional) reforms, aimed at strengthening regulation, improving corporate governance and curbing corruption to avoid the destabilising consequences of financial liberalization. The evolving economic policies that influenced financial development and growth in developing economies came about with the objective of enhancing household and private sector‘s savings. These policies have been designed to influence financial development and economic growth (which can impact upon private savings) in two different ways: (i) by increasing saving due to households taking precautionary motives, or (ii) negatively by spending more due to increase in
Library Collections of Accounting Periodicals at the College and University Level

Appropriate library holdings as a key factor in maintaining credible academic degree programs has been examined in previous studies of accounting journals in library collections. This paper differentiates itself by using computerized data sources as opposed to the common survey methodology to document the accounting journal holdings of nearly three hundred institutions categorized by degree type and separate accounting accreditation (doctoral, nondoctoral accredited, and nondoctoral nonaccredited). The detailed results, which do not suffer from response bias and other problems associated with survey research, provide rankings of the sampled accounting journals based on library holdings for all schools in the aggregate and for schools classified by degree type and separate accounting accreditation. In general, doctoral institutions and institutions with separate accounting accreditation have larger total accounting journal collections with greater focus upon academic journals, while the nondoctoral schools without separate accounting accreditation place relatively greater emphasis on the practitioner-oriented journals. In addition, this study compares the most widely held journals to previous studies' findings of the most highly rated and cited accounting journals and the favored publication outlets of accounting faculty.
Portfolio Insurance and Underdiversification

Contrary to the prediction of standard portfolio diversification theory, most investors place a large fraction of their stock investment in a small number of stocks. We show that underdiversification may be caused by risk control. The key assumption is that investors are portfolio insurers who require wealth above a nonnegative minimum level at which the marginal utility is finite (for investors whose marginal utility at zero is finite, this assumption amounts to the requirement of solvency). We show that investors underdiversify when wealth is low and that some investors may underdiversify no matter how wealthy they are. In addition, less wealthy and less risk-averse investors underdiversify more, and a less diversified portfolio (inclusive of the risk-free investment) is {\em less} risky than a more diversified one. Furthermore, investors select stocks solely by expected returns and covariances. Any higher moments (e.g., variance and skewness) are irrelevant for this selection. In an equilibrium setting, we show that a less diversified stock portfolio has a higher expected return, a higher volatility, and maybe also a higher skewness and a lower Sharpe ratio. Finally, underdiversification in equilibrium implies that idiosyncratic risks should be priced.
Phyto-Extraction of Nickel by Linum usitatissimum in Association with Glomus intraradices

Plants show enhanced phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils particularly in response to fungal inoculation. Present study was conducted to find out the influence of Nickel (Ni) toxicity on plant biomass, growth, chlorophyll content, proline production and metal accumulation by L. usitatissimum (flax) in the presence of Glomus intraradices. Flax seedlings of both inoculated with G. intraradices and non-inoculated were exposed to different concentrations i.e., 250, 350 and 500 ppm of Ni at different time intervals. Analysis of physiological parameters revealed that Ni depressed the growth and photosynthetic activity of plants. However, the inoculation of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizae (G. intraradices) partially helped in the alleviation of Ni toxicity as indicated by improved plant growth under Ni stress. Ni uptake of non- mycorrhizal flax plants was increased by 98% as compared to control conditions whereas inoculated plants showed 19% more uptake when compared with the non-inoculated plants. Mycorrhizal plants exhibited increasing capacity to remediate contaminated soils along with improved growth. Thus, AM assisted phytoremediation helps in the accumulation of Ni in plants to reclaim Ni toxic soils. Based on our findings, it can be concluded that the role of flax plants and mycorrhizal fungi is extremely important in phytoremediation.
Two novel dicoumaro-p-menthanes from Gerbera piloselloides (L.) CASS.

Two new type dicoumarins (dicoumaro-p-menthanes), named dibothrioclinins I (1) and II (2) were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Gerbera piloselloides (L.) CASS. , collected in Yunnan Province, China. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of MS, 1D ((1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT and NOE) and 2D ((1)H-(1)H COSY, HMQC, HMBC) NMR spectral analyses. The relative structures of the two compounds were established by NOE difference spectroscopy and further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
Non-ergodic Behavior in a Financial Market with Interacting Investors

We identify possible long-run market shares and the long-run asset price dynamics of financial markets with heterogenous interacting agents. This involves stability conditions for a class of difference equation in a random environment, where the random environment is endogenously generated by agents' investment behavior. Depending on the evaluation of a performance measure of an investment, asset prices may behave in a non-ergodic manner. That is, the price processes converge in distribution, but the limiting distribution is not necessarily uniquely determined. The long-run market shares of two competing financial mediators may strongly depend on the random environment which is endogenously generated by a noise traders
Prevalence of Chronic Pain, Especially Headache, and Relationship with Health-Related Quality of Life in Middle-Aged Japanese Residents

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of chronic pain (CP) and the relationship between CP, especially headache adjusted for CP at other sites, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in middle-aged Japanese residents. We examined the prevalence of CP (defined as pain persisting for 3 months or more) and HRQoL (SF-36) in 1117 middle-aged residents of Japan. We assessed the eight dimensions of health status and the 3 component SF-36 summary score to evaluate HRQoL. The prevalence of CP was 15.3% among men and 15.1% among women. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that lumbar pain (p < 0.001, β = -0.132), knee pain (p < 0.001, β = -0.115), foot pain (p = 0.042, β = -0.065), and age (p < 0.001, β = -0.154) were independently correlated with a lower physical component score (PCS). Older age (p< 0.001, β = 0.221) showed a significant positive correlation with mental component score (MCS), while neck/shoulder pain (p< 0.01, β = -0.096), knee pain (p < 0.001, β = -0.109), upper limb pain (p < 0.01, β = -0.098), and lumbar pain (p = 0.022, β = -0.077) all showed a significant negative correlation with MCS. The presence of chronic headache (p = 0.011, β = -0.082) was the only factor significantly correlated with a lower role component score (RCS). We identified a negative correlation between chronic headache and RCS, unlike the relation between musculoskeletal pain and PCS or MCS, suggesting that RCS was an independently influenced by CP differently from PCS or MCS in Japanese residents.
Bank Credit Tightening, Debt Market Frictions and Corporate Yield Spreads

We study how debt market frictions constraining the ability to replace bank with bond financing during a tightening in bank credit supply affect corporate yield spreads. We document that more inflexible firms suffer bigger increases in bond yield spreads as bank credit supply tightens. Debt inflexibility also amplifies the impact of firm-specific tightening in bank credit availability induced by the violation of loan covenants. More inflexible firms display a stronger link between yield spreads and cash flow volatility, a stronger link between yield spreads and stock volatility and a closer correlation between changes in yield spreads and stock returns.
Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on markers of skeletal muscle metabolism and monocarboxylate transporter 1 to monocarboxylate transporter 4 transporters.

Diabetes is known to alter both oxidative and glycolytic pathways in a fiber type-dependent manner. In various skeletal muscles of normal rats, monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) has been found to be highly correlated to lactate uptake, as well as to oxidative capacity, whereas the distribution and characteristics of MCT4 make it a good candidate for the extrusion of lactic acid from glycolytic muscle cells. Since a previous study found decreased sarcolemmal lactate uptake in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats, we investigated the presence of MCT1 in relation to enzymatic markers of both oxidative and glycolytic pathways, as well as MCT4 content, in STZ-diabetic rats. Soleus (SOL), red tibialis anterior (RTA), extensor digitorus longus (EDL), heart, and preparations of purified sarcolemmal vesicles (SV) from control and STZ-diabetic rats were harvested for MCT1 and MCT4 content, citrate synthase activity (CS), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes. Basal blood lactate concentration was increased by 38% in the diabetic rats (close to 1.91 mmol/L). However, no change was found in either MCT1 or MCT4 content in these rats. The diabetic rats presented fiber type-specific decrease in CS activity. We noted a redistribution in LDH isozymes in diabetic muscles with a general increase in type H-LDH. Regression analyses indicated (1) a strong relationship between LDH-4 and LDH-5 and (2) MCT1 was still correlated with CS activity in diabetic muscles. These results suggest that diabetes-induced hyperlactatemia is not associated with changes in MCT1 or MCT4 expression, but with alterations of oxidative and glycolytic enzymes.
Reproduction of female dwarf mice treated with prolactin.

Summary. Genetically dwarf female mice are sterile but reproduction and lactation can be induced with prolactin-producing heterotopic pituitary homografts. To test if prolactin deficiency is the sole cause of the sterility, female dwarf mice were treated with purified prolactin. Dwarf (dwdw) and Ames dwarf (dfdf) mice in which the vaginae opened spontaneously were mated to non-dwarf males and injected with sheep prolactin starting on the day of plug formation. Pregnancy, delivery and lactation were obtained in both kinds of dwarf mouse indicating that, in the stocks used, the addition of prolactin alone is sufficient for reproduction.
The impact of large-scale asset purchases on the S&P 500 index, long-term interest rates and unemployment

After the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in September 2008 and the financial panic that ensued, the Federal Reserve moved rapidly to reduce the federal funds rate to . 25%. It was quickly judged that additional measures were needed to stabilize the US economy. Beginning in December 2008, the Federal Reserve Bank initiated three rounds of unconventional monetary policies known as quantitative easing (QE). These policies were intended to reduce long-term interest rates when the short-term federal funds rates had reached the zero lower bound and could not become negative. It was argued that the lowering of longer-term interest rates would help the stock market and thus the wealth of consumers. This article carefully investigates three hypotheses: QE impacting long-term interest rates, QE impacting the stock market and QE impacting unemployment using a Markov regime switching methodology. We conclude that QE has contributed significantly to increases in the stock market but less significantly to long-term interest rate and unemployment.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI, INDEPENDENSI DAN PENGALAMAN TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT APARAT INSPEKTORAT KOTA TOMOHON DALAM PENGAWASAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

This study examined the influence of the auditors’ competency, independency, and experiences towards audit quality of financial auditing of the staff of inspectorate in Tomohon City as part of their supervision function. The finding of this study could be an important input for improving the quality of financial management of the local government since the policy of decentralization has given the local governments authority not only to manage natural resources but also their financial sector. However, as could be seen there are still a lot of problems related to financial management mostly caused by the poor knowledge and skills related to financial auditing of government offici als responsible for this specific task. It is common to find inconsistency in the financial report of internal auditor ( inspectorate ) and external auditor, Supreme Audit Agency ( Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan) . There were two variables in this study. Audit quality was the dependent variable ( Y ) while the independent variables elaborated into three variables, namely: auditor’s competency ( X1 ) , auditor’s independency ( X2 ) and auditor’s experiences ( X3 ) . There were 36 personnel of the Inspectorate’s Office of Tomohon City participated as the sources of this study. Thus, the population of this research is the Tomohon City Regional Inspectorate officers. Data used in this study were primary and secondary data, while questioner and indepth interview as well as document study used as the data collection methods. The first consecutive methods employed to obtain primary data while the last used for obtaining secondary data. Both data analyzed using the multiple linear regression techniques. This study found that the influence of independent variable which were competency, independency and experiences towards dependent variables which was audit quality was significant. The 0.645 value of coeficient determination showed the significant relationship between both variables. This means that the equation model used in this study found the significancy at about 64,5%. The remaining proportion which was 35,5% explained by the other factors which were not part of this model. After examining the hypotheses, it can be concluded that partially competency had positive influence but not too significant to the quality of the inspectorate officer. However, independency and experiences had a positive and significant influence to the auditing quality of the public servant working in the inspectorate’s office. This study recommends to improving the knowledge and skills of the public apparatus by conducting short courses and training in accounting and auditing. Keywords: audit quality, competency, independency and experiences