Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of laboratory test result availability and rehospitalizations in an outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy programme.

OBJECTIVES Laboratory tests are usually requested for monitoring during outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT), but these recommendations are not always followed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether rehospitalization during the OPAT course is associated with the availability of these test results to the treating physician. METHODS Electronic health records (EHRs) from all patients in the Cleveland Clinic OPAT registry with start dates from 1 January to 28 February 2011 were reviewed in a retrospective cohort study. Comprehensive data on patient and OPAT characteristics were obtained for the first OPAT course per patient. Availability of laboratory test results was defined as documentation of results of at least one recommended test in the health system's EHR. Proportions of patients rehospitalized were compared for OPAT courses with test results available and non-available. Adjustments were made for patient age, hospital length of stay, anticipated OPAT duration, OPAT site and Charlson comorbidity index score. RESULTS Four hundred patients received OPAT during the study period; 60% at home, 36% in skilled nursing facilities or long-term acute care facilities and 4% in other settings. Recommended monitoring laboratory test results were available to infectious disease physicians in 291 (73%) OPAT episodes. There were 82 patient readmissions (21%) while on OPAT. In a multivariable logistic regression model, non-availability of recommended test results was independently associated with readmissions while on OPAT (adjusted OR 2.53; 95% CI 1.36-4.73). CONCLUSIONS Non-availability of recommended test results to treating physicians for patients on OPAT is associated with increased readmissions during OPAT.
The Influence of State and District Conditions on the Representation of Women in U.S. State Legislatures

Women hold slightly more than one fifth of all seats in state legislatures in the United States. This analysis examines why women are elected more often in some states and districts than in others. Using logistic regression, a variety of explanations related to differences in culture, institutions, electoral structures, and demographic features are found to influence the probability that women are elected. Findings show that free-for-all districts increase the chances that women are represented; however, when considered in conjunction with other contextual features, this factor's influence is far from overwhelming. The findings have implications for modeling aspects of the electoral process as well as for informing the policy debate over reforms intended to bring about more equitable representation. Results show that altering current electoral procedures presently used in state legislatures will have only a limited impact on the number of women legislators. Of the factors examined, political culture and education are two of the most influential, yet the most difficult to change.
Profit-Sharing and Productivity: An Analysis of UK Engineering Firms

This paper reports productivity differentials of 3-8 percent in favor of profit-sharing firms in the U.K. engineering industry. The estimates come from equations in which profit sharing interacts with factor input levels and the firms' technological, organizational, and labor-force characteristics, and imply more than a simple incentive effect on work effort, or more "cooperative" behavior in given circumstances. A technological/labor-relations interpretation of the origin of the gains is suggested, which are found to be asymmetrically distributed. The results question policy measures to encourage profit sharing that do not take account of its significance in the process of organizational design. Copyright 1989 by Royal Economic Society.
Laser drilled through silicon vias: Crystal defect analysis by synchrotron x-ray topography

Three dimensional (3D) chip or wafer stacking and through silicon via (TSV) technologies are regarded as key technologies for next generation high-speed memories and microprocessors. In comparison to conventional chip technologies, three dimensional electrical networks allow much shorter wire lengths. This allows higher frequencies, less power consumption and smaller devices. A main technology to realise through silicon vias is laser drilling. Using laser drilling instead of deep reactive ion etching or the Bosch process makes masks unnecessary and thus allows great flexibility and lower costs. Today, vias with diameters of 10-80 mum are possible and can be laser drilled at speeds of about 2000 vias/s. However, laser drilling technology causes damages to the surrounding single-crystalline silicon. The paper surveys existing methods for defect structure analysis and evaluates them concerning their suitability for analysis of silicon TSV wafers. White beam X-ray topography at the synchrotron radiation source ANKA, Research Centre Karlsruhe, was selected as the best non-destructive method. For this paper three different laser types with normal (ns), short (ps) and ultra-short (fs) pulse width with varying parameter sets were used to drill TSVs into silicon wafers. For the first time, large area and section transmission topography were used to measure the strain affected zone around the TSVs. On the basis of these measurements femtosecond lasers were identified as superior to laser with longer pulse widths. The methodology presented in this paper is well suited for continuing studies with UV lasers and miniaturised vias, while at the same time electrical measurements become essential to finally answer how this affects the circuit performance of transistors, capacitors etc. adjacent to the through silicon vias.
Unemployment Benefits, Unemployment Duration, and Post-Unemployment Jobs: A Regression Discontinuity Approach

Structural unemployment appears to be strongly correlated with the potential duration of unemployment across Organization for Eco­ nomic Co­operation and Development (OECD) countries (Stephen Nickell and Richard Layard 1999). The idea is that extended benefit duration discourages searching for a job and thus leads to prolonged unemployment. In this paper, I propose testing this idea by studying discontinuous changes in benefit dura­ tion at the age of 50, which are embedded in the Austrian unemployment insurance system. In particular, job seekers who become unem­ ployed at 50 years of age or older and satisfy a previous work requirement are eligible for 52 weeks of extended benefits rather than 39 weeks. Moreover, due to special restructuring demands in the state­owned steel sector, Austria temporarily implemented a regional extended benefit program (REBP) covering job seekers who enter unemployment at 50 years of age or older, who had been living in certain regions of Austria for at least six months, and who satisfy a previous work requirement. Those individuals were eligible for 209 weeks of benefits instead of 39 weeks. Austrian unemployment insurance rules create a rich design allowing us to study the effects of small increases in benefits by 13 weeks (39 to 52 weeks) in regions that were excluded from the extended benefit program and large benefit extensions by 170 weeks (39 weeks to 209 weeks) in regions with access to the extended benefit program. Because these benefit entitlement rules were discontinuous in age, the corresponding causal effects can be identified in a regression discontinuity framework. This paper contributes to two strands of the literature. The first strand is concerned with measuring the effects of potential benefit dura­ tion on unemployment duration. Recent con­ tributions to this literature include David Card Unemployment Benefits, Unemployment Duration, and Post-Unemployment Jobs: A Regression Discontinuity Approach
An analysis of wine festival attendees’ motivations: A synergy of wine, travel and special events?

As special-interest tourism, wine tourism is becoming increasingly important for wine-growing regions. But wine marketers are faced with a paucity of empirical data when examining wine tourists’ characteristics and behaviour. This issue needs to be addressed if marketers want to implement more effective strategies to target the market. Visiting wine festivals is an important component in the complete construct of wine tourism. What might have motivated the participants to visit such an event has become critical for wine-growing destinations when they attempt to use wine festivals to promote the wineries and regions. This research study used a survey instrument specially designed to test participants’ motivations to attend a regional wine festival in a Midwestern state in the USA. Both festival and wine tourism motivations were integrated in the measurement scale. The findings showed that attendees were motivated by a variety of factors which were associated with the focus on the different elements incorporated in the theme of the festival — a synergy of wine, travel and special event. Wine festivals can be used as a vehicle to attract younger people to become more interested in wine. They create a good venue to tap into future target markets for wine tourism development.
Major depression in coronary artery disease patients with vs. without a prior history of depression.

&NA; Major depression (MD) is common in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Some of these patients have a history of prior depressive episodes, whereas others experience their first episode around the same time that their CAD is diagnosed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are systematic differences between these two subgroups of depressed patients. Of 39 patients with recently diagnosed CAD who met DSM‐III‐R criteria for MD, 17 (44%) had a prior history of MD. This subgroup had a higher proportion of females (p less than 0.003), more severe depression (p less than 0.004), were marginally younger (p = 0.08), and had slightly less severe CAD (p = 0.07) compared with those with no prior history of MD. These results support the hypothesis that there may be two distinctive subtypes of MD in patients with CAD. Additional studies are needed to determine whether these subgroups differ with respect to course, treatment, and relationship to the coronary artery disease.
Saving Energy versus Saving Materials

To reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in housing construction, the energy‐intensive processes and life‐cycle stages should be identified and integrated. The environmental impact of vertically integrated factory‐built homes (VIHs) constructed with increased material inputs in Japan's northern island of Hokkaido was assessed using life‐cycle inventory (LCI) analysis methods. Manufacturing process energy and CO2 intensities of the homes were evaluated based on the material inputs. They were compared with those of a counterpart home hypothetically built using the vertically integrated construction methods, but in accordance with the specifications of a less material‐intensive conventional home (CH) in Hokkaido today. Cumulative household energy consumption and CO2 emissions were evaluated and compared with those of the production stages. The annual household energy consumption was compared among a VIH, a CH, and an average home in Hokkaido. The energy intensity of the VIH was 3.9 GJ production energy per m2 of floor area, 59% higher than that of the CH. Net CO2 emissions during VIH manufacturing processes were 293 kg/m2, after discounting the carbon fixation during tree growth. The cumulative use‐phase household energy consumption and CO2 emissions of a VIH will exceed energy consumption and CO2 emissions during the initial production stage in less than six years. Although VIHs housed 21% more residents on average, the energy consumption per m2 was 17% lower than that of a CH. This may indicate that using more materials initially can lead to better energy efficiency.
How a Traditional Company Seeded New Analytics Capabilities

textabstractDeveloping state-of-the art data analytics capabilities is a challenge for traditional companies with long-established processes and legacy systems. We describe how one such company (a Swiss electricity utility) conducted a seed project-a bottom-up initiative to develop an analytics ecosystem of business, organizational and technological capabilities. This project was an effective first step in growing the company's analytics capabilities. Based on this case, we provide four key lessons that can be used by other traditional companies seeking to develop new digital capabilities.
THE IMPACT OF WELFARE REGIMES ON GENDER EQUALITY

10 CHAPTER 1. RESEARCH INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Mapping 11 1.2 Limitations of Esping-Andersen’s typology of welfare regimes for gender policy analysis 12 1.3 Literature Review 13 1.4 Data and Methodology 15 CHAPTER 2. THE IMPACT OF GENDERED POLICIES ACROSS DIFFERENT WELFARE REGIMES 16 2.1 Welfare Regimes and Gender Equal Economic Opportunities 17 2.2 Welfare Regimes and Reconciliation of Work and Family 26 CHAPER 3. CASE STUDIES. SWEDEN, GERMANY AND THE UNITED STATES 3.1 The Social-Democratic Welfare Regime: Sweden 36 3.2 The Bismarckian Corporatist Statist Welfare Regime: Germany 40 3.3 The Liberal Welfare Regime: The United States (USA) 44 CHAPTER 4. HIERARCHICAL CLUSTER ANALYSIS AND GENDER EQUAL OUTCOMES WITHIN WELFARE REGIMES 4.1 The Utility of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) in Welfare Regimes Research . 49 4.2 HCA Final Result according to Gender Equal Outcomes inside Welfare Cluster . 50 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RECOMMENDATIONS 53
Early Maladaptive Schemas of Substance Abusers and Their Intimate Partners

Abstract The influence of intimate partners in the recovery of substance abuse has been increasingly recognized in the professional literature. Couples-based substance abuse treatment has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing substance abuse and increasing healthy couple functioning. Recently, research has begun to investigate enduring cognitive beliefs that may impact substance abusers and their intimate partners, which could advance our understanding of factors that may impact couple's functioning. The current study examined the early maladaptive schemas and substance use of a sample of adult substance abusers who have sought residential substance abuse treatment and their intimate partners (N = 102). Results demonstrated that the early maladaptive schemas of patients and their intimate partners may be interrelated and that patients scored significantly higher than their partners on 13 of the 18 early maladaptive schemas. Substance use was only associated with a few early maladaptive schemas. These findings highlight the potential importance of assessing early maladaptive schemas in couples where one partner has a substance abuse problem. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
Identifying Firm Capabilities as Drivers of Environmental Management and Sustainability Practices – Evidence from Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturers

Firms increasingly need to consider environmental issues as a result of stricter governmental regulation and due to growing pressures from a broad range of stakeholders. The literature on environmental management is vast but not much is known about firm-specific capabilities that facilitate the adoption of environmental practices and environmental collaboration. Drawing on the dynamic capabilities literature, this study identifies the adoption of advanced technology, experiences with inter-firm relations and capacity for product innovation as three capabilities that support firms' efforts to become ‘greener’. Descriptive statistics portray the diffusion of the related management practices among 294 small and medium-sized manufacturers from the United States. Based on regression analysis, the authors provide evidence for a relationship between the underlying capabilities and environmental management practices. Consequently, the results point to additional benefits of known strategic capabilities and suggest how firms should approach sustainability initiatives by developing certain competencies first. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
22q11.2 Distal Deletion Syndrome: Description of a New Case with Truncus Arteriosus Type 2 and Review

22q11.2 deletion syndrome is mainly characterized by conotruncal congenital heart defects, velopharyngeal insufficiency, hypocalcemia and a characteristic craniofacial appearance. The etiology in the majority of patients is a 3-Mb recurrent deletion in region 22q11.2. Nevertheless, recently some cases of infrequent deletions with various sizes have been reported with a different phenotype. We report on a patient with congenital heart disease (truncus arteriosus type 2) in whom a de novo 1.3-Mb 22q11.2 deletion was detected by array comparative genomic hybridization. The deletion described corresponds to an atypical and distal deletion which spans low copy repeat (LCR) 4 and is associated with breakpoint sites that do not correspond to known LCRs of 22q11.2. We examine the clinical phenotype of our case and compare our findings with those published in the literature. The most prevalent clinical features in this type of deletion are a history of prematurity, pre-natal and post-natal growth retardation, slight facial dysmorphic features, microcephaly and developmental delay, with a speech defect in particular. These are clearly different from those found in the classic 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, and we believe that the main differential diagnosis should be with Silver-Russel syndrome. In our case we observe the cardiac phenotype with truncus arteriosus communis usually seen in the classic 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, and so far associated with the TBX1 gene. Significantly, however, TBX1 is not included in our patient’s deletion. The possible roles of a position effect or other genes are discussed.
Monetary Policy and the New View of International Capital Movements

UNTIL FAIRLY RECENTLY, THE STANDARD THEORY concerning international financial capital flows-movements of nondirect investment items in the capital account-related capitalfiows to levels of interest differentials. According to this "flow theory," an increase in foreign short-term interest rates would increase the outflow of capital from the United States, and as long as foreign interest rates remained higher than American rates, the flow would continue. Conversely, one way for the United States to improve its balance on capital account would be to raise its rates, and as long as U.S. rates remained higher than foreign rates, the capital account would show a reduced deficit. This relationship of capital flows to levels of interest rates was rather widely accepted in the mid-1960s by both theorists and empiricists in international economics. For example, the famous articles by Robert A. Mundell on the simultaneous maintenance of external and internal balance generally assumed the relationship: ". at high rates of interest the net inflow of capital will be larger, or the net outflow will be smaller, than at low rates of interest. "' In a well-known study, Peter B. Kenen also cor-
Effect of Ganaxolone on Flurothyl Seizures in Developing Rats

Summary: Purpose: To determine the effects of a newly synthesized epalon, ganaxolone (GNX), on primarily generalized seizures in rats of various ages during development. Epalons are classified as neuroactive steroids that interact at unique site of the GABAA receptor‐Cl− channel complex in the central nervous system.
Effect of iron treatment on circulating cytokine levels in ESRD patients receiving recombinant human erythropoietin.

BACKGROUND Anemia in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) often in combination with iron. However, iron catalyzes the formation of toxic radicals, which might promote vascular damage, is a nutrient for microorganisms, and negatively affects immune pathways, thus increasing the risk for severe infections. METHODS We investigated 28 patients on chronic hemodialysis who were randomized to receive either rhEPO alone (N = 15) or rhEPO in combination with intravenous iron (N = 13) for a period of 12 weeks. We analyzed iron therapy associated changes in cytokine patterns and endogenous radical formation. RESULTS Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were increased in ESRD patients at study entry and then decreased significantly over time in subjects receiving additional iron, while they increased with rhEPO alone. In contrast, we found serum concentrations of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 to increase with iron therapy. A significant negative correlation between iron availability, as determined by transferrin saturation, and TNF-alpha levels (P = 0.008) and a positive one between transferring saturation and IL-4 (P = 0.02) pointed to the potential role of iron to induce immunologic changes. Interestingly, iron therapy resulted in a slight decrease in the amounts of endogenous peroxides, which may be referred to reduced TNF-alpha concentrations since peroxide concentrations were positively correlated to TNF-alpha levels (P = 0.046) and negatively to transferrin saturation (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Iron supplementation in ESRD patients down-regulates proinflammatory immune effector pathways and stimulates the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4. Such a condition is detrimental for host response toward invading pathogens. However, tissue damage by radicals such as endogenous peroxides may be reduced in this condition due to impaired TNF-alpha formation.
Creation of an Accurate Algorithm to Detect Snellen Best Documented Visual Acuity from Ophthalmology Electronic Health Record Notes

Background Visual acuity is the primary measure used in ophthalmology to determine how well a patient can see. Visual acuity for a single eye may be recorded in multiple ways for a single patient visit (eg, Snellen vs. Jäger units vs. font print size), and be recorded for either distance or near vision. Capturing the best documented visual acuity (BDVA) of each eye in an individual patient visit is an important step for making electronic ophthalmology clinical notes useful in research. Objective Currently, there is limited methodology for capturing BDVA in an efficient and accurate manner from electronic health record (EHR) notes. We developed an algorithm to detect BDVA for right and left eyes from defined fields within electronic ophthalmology clinical notes. Methods We designed an algorithm to detect the BDVA from defined fields within 295,218 ophthalmology clinical notes with visual acuity data present. About 5668 unique responses were identified and an algorithm was developed to map all of the unique responses to a structured list of Snellen visual acuities. Results Visual acuity was captured from a total of 295,218 ophthalmology clinical notes during the study dates. The algorithm identified all visual acuities in the defined visual acuity section for each eye and returned a single BDVA for each eye. A clinician chart review of 100 random patient notes showed a 99% accuracy detecting BDVA from these records and 1% observed error. Conclusions Our algorithm successfully captures best documented Snellen distance visual acuity from ophthalmology clinical notes and transforms a variety of inputs into a structured Snellen equivalent list. Our work, to the best of our knowledge, represents the first attempt at capturing visual acuity accurately from large numbers of electronic ophthalmology notes. Use of this algorithm can benefit research groups interested in assessing visual acuity for patient centered outcome. All codes used for this study are currently available, and will be made available online at https://phekb.org.