Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress and antibody levels to periodontal bacteria in adults: the Nagasaki Islands study.

OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the tissues supporting the teeth and is caused by subgingival plaque. Systemic increases in reactive oxygen species are involved in pathogenesis of periodontitis. This study addressed the relationship between levels of serum oxidative stress and antibodies against putative periodontopathic bacteria and their association with periodontal conditions, in a community-based study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Serum samples were measured for reactive oxygen metabolite (ROM) levels and anti-oxidant capacity. The serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), and Eikenella corrodens (Ec) were determined by ELISA. RESULTS The participants with greater clinical attachment loss had higher serum ROM levels and IgG antibody titers to Pg. Serum ROM levels were positively correlated with antibody titers to Pg, Pi, and Ec. When the participants with greater probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss were used as the dependent variables, high ROM levels showed a statistically significant associations in multivariate logistic analyses; the adjusted odds ratios were 2.9 (95% confidence interval = 1.0-8.5) and 6.0 (95% confidence interval = 2.0-17.6), respectively. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that an increased oxidative stress may be detrimental to periodontitis in Japanese community-dwelling adults.
Ectopic Eruption Pattern in Selected Permanent Teeth

This paper is a report of the first phase of a study concerned with "ectopic eruption. " The term "ectopic eruption," as it is used in this study, may be defined as eruption of a permanent tooth which takes place in such a manner that partial or total resorption of the root(s) of an adjacent primary tooth results. A number of articles describing cases of ectopic eruption and discussing various concepts of etiology and treatment have been published. '-"1 In an extensive investigation of first molar ectopic eruption, Cheyne and Wessels12 reported an incidence of approximately 2 per cent in over 500 subjects studied at the State University of Iowa, while Young'3 found this phenomenon in more than 3 per cent of her group of 1,619 white children living in the San Francisco Bay area. Byrd1 found that more than one-third of his 444 subjects, five to ten years of age and living in North Carolina, had at least one example of ectopic eruption of a central incisor, lateral incisor, or first molar. Wessels15 was able to show ectopic eruption of at least one lateral incisor in approximately 12 per cent of 564 cases studied at the State University of Iowa. Sweet", and Nikiforuk,17 as well as Byrd,14 presented information concerning the order of frequency of ectopic eruption of lateral incisors and first molars. The objectives of this phase of the study were ( 1 ) to describe ectopic eruption of three classes of permanent teeth (central incisors, lateral incisors, and first molars) as observed on the radiographic records of a selected sample; (2) to determine whether, in the selected sample, individuals with ectopic eruption of one class of tooth also exhibited ectopic eruption in either of the other classes in any discernible pattern; (3) to observe the relative frequency of occurrence of ectopic eruption in the three classes of teeth; and (4) to establish a frame of reference for further investigative efforts. Knowledge about the causes and mechanisms of "normal" tooth eruption is incomplete; there are several theories of eruption. :I21 A' theory to explain a variant (i.e., ectopic eruption) of this phenomenon would be hard to defend at this time. Thus the author does not propose to explain ectopic eruption. But at thii stage of theory building it seems appropriate for investigators to gather as much data about tooth eruption ("normal" or variant) as they can. The objectives of this study are in line with this policy; they are to observe and describe. This report, then, is presented as a contribution to knowledge about ectopic eruption.
Prejuízo no crescimento de crianças com diferentes tipos de fissura lábio-palatina nos 2 primeiros anos de idade: um estudo transversal

OBJETIVO: Analisar as diferencas da restricao de crescimento ate o segundo ano de vida, com base no genero, entre criancas com tres tipos de fissuras. METODOS: Estudo transversal com 881 criancas (58,9% meninos e 41,1% meninas) com fissura labial e palatina do Hospital de Reabilitacao de Anomalias Craniofaciais, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Bauru (SP), Brasil, com idades entre 1 a 24 meses. Foram avaliados tres tipos de fissuras: fissura labial (181/20,5%), fissura palatina (157/17,8%) e fissura labial + palatina (543/61,6%). Foram obtidas as medidas de peso e comprimento e os dados acerca do aleitamento materno e do nivel socioeconomico. Criancas com peso e comprimento abaixo do percentil 10 da referencia NCHS foram consideradas como tendo restricao do crescimento. RESULTADOS: A distribuicao da amostra de acordo com o tipo de fissura e genero foi semelhante aquela observada em outros estudos epidemiologicos. O aleitamento materno foi mais frequente no grupo com fissura labial (45,9%) que nos grupos de fissura palatina (12,1%) ou de fissura labial + palatina (10,5%). Os lactentes com fissura labial mostraram menos comprometimento do peso (23,8%) e do comprimento (19,3%) comparados aqueles do grupo com fissura labial + palatina (35,7% e 33,1%, respectivamente), sendo que o ultimo grupo mostrou proporcoes de criancas com peso e comprimento inferiores ao percentil 10 muito proximas as do grupo com fissura palatina (34,4% e 38,9%). CONCLUSOES: O comprometimento do peso e comprimento e mais grave nos lactentes com fissura labial + palatina e com fissura palatina e pode ser atribuido principalmente as dificuldades de alimentacao, em comparacao ao grupo com fissura labial.
Effect of ruminally unprotected Echium oil on milk yield, composition and fatty acid profile in mid-lactation goats

This study investigated the effects on goat milk yield and composition of a diet supplemented with Echium plantagineum oil (EPO). Twenty-four mid-lactation multiparous Camosciata goats were divided into two balanced groups and fed for 44 d a diet based on hay and concentrate, supplemented (EPO group, Echium) or not (CON group, control) with 40 ml of ruminally unprotected EPO. Individual milk yield was recorded and individual milk samples were collected at 11, 22, 33, and 44 d after supplementation. Milk samples were analysed for milk components and fatty acids (FA). Data were statistically analysed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. Milk yield, protein and lactose contents were significantly higher in EPO than CON group. The inclusion of EPO significantly decreased total saturated FA and total branched-chain FA, and contemporarily sharply increased trans biohydrogenation intermediates (P ⩽ 0·001). Milk concentration of α-linolenic, stearidonic and γ-linolenic acids increased by 23, 1000 and 67%, respectively (P ⩽ 0·001). Due to extensive ruminal biohydrogenation, their apparent transfer rate was less than 3%. As a consequence, the milk concentrations of very long-chain (VLC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n-3) and dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3 n-6) acids, significantly increased with EPO treatment, but values remained very low. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) was undetectable in all analysed milk samples. Results show that ruminally unprotected EPO can enhance milk yield and protein and improve the overall goat milk FA profile. However, this kind of supplementation cannot be considered a valuable strategy to develop goat functional dairy products enriched with VLC n-3 PUFA for human consumption.
Whey cheese: membrane technology to increase yields

Sweet cheese whey has been used to obtain whey cheese without the addition of milk. Pre-treated whey was concentrated by nanofiltration (NF) at different concentration ratios (2, 2·5 and 2·8) or by reverse osmosis (RO) (2–3 times). After the concentration, whey was acidified with lactic acid until a final pH of 4·6–4·8, and heated to temperatures between 85 and 90 °C. The coagulated fraction (supernatant) was collected and freely drained over 4 h. The cheese-whey yield and protein, fat, lactose and ash recoveries in the final product were calculated. The membrane pre-concentration step caused an increase in the whey-cheese yield. The final composition of products was compared with traditional cheese-whey manufacture products (without membrane concentration). Final cheese yields found were to be between 5 and 19·6%, which are higher than those achieved using the traditional ‘Requesón’ process.
Cullin3–KLHL25 ubiquitin ligase targets ACLY for degradation to inhibit lipid synthesis and tumor progression

ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), a key enzyme for lipid synthesis, is frequently overexpressed or activated in cancer to promote lipid synthesis and tumor progression. Zhang et al. show that Cullin3 (CUL3), a core protein of the CUL3–RING ubiquitin ligase complex, interacts with ACLY through its adaptor protein, KLHL25, to ubiquitinate and degrade ACLY in cells. Through negative regulation of ACLY, CUL3 inhibits lipid synthesis, cell proliferation, and tumor growth in lung cancer cells.
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 promotes brown adipose tissue thermogenesis via repressing glucocorticoid activation

Zeng et al. show that LSD1, a histone demethylase, regulates brown adipocyte metabolism. It does this by associating with PRDM16 to repress expression of white fat-selective genes and also by repressing HSD11B1, a key glucocorticoid-activating enzyme, independently from PRDM16.
Identification and manipulation of biliary metaplasia in pancreatic tumors.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Metaplasias often have characteristics of developmentally related tissues. Pancreatic metaplastic ducts are usually associated with pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The tuft cell is a chemosensory cell that responds to signals in the extracellular environment via effector molecules. Commonly found in the biliary tract, tuft cells are absent from normal murine pancreas. Using the aberrant appearance of tuft cells as an indicator, we tested if pancreatic metaplasia represents transdifferentiation to a biliary phenotype and what effect this has on pancreatic tumorigenesis. METHODS We analyzed pancreatic tissue and tumors that developed in mice that express an activated form of Kras (Kras(LSL-G12D/+);Ptf1a(Cre/+) mice). Normal bile duct, pancreatic duct, and tumor-associated metaplasias from the mice were analyzed for tuft cell and biliary progenitor markers, including SOX17, a transcription factor that regulates biliary development. We also analyzed pancreatic tissues from mice expressing transgenic SOX17 alone (ROSA(tTa/+);Ptf1(CreERTM/+);tetO-SOX17) or along with activated Kras (ROSAtT(a/+);Ptf1a(CreERTM/+);tetO-SOX17;Kras(LSL-G12D;+)). RESULTS Tuft cells were frequently found in areas of pancreatic metaplasia, decreased throughout tumor progression, and absent from invasive tumors. Analysis of the pancreatobiliary ductal systems of mice revealed tuft cells in the biliary tract but not the normal pancreatic duct. Analysis for biliary markers revealed expression of SOX17 in pancreatic metaplasia and tumors. Pancreas-specific overexpression of SOX17 led to ductal metaplasia along with inflammation and collagen deposition. Mice that overexpressed SOX17 along with Kras(G12D) had a greater degree of transformed tissue compared with mice expressing only Kras(G12D). Immunofluorescence analysis of human pancreatic tissue arrays revealed the presence of tuft cells in metaplasia and early-stage tumors, along with SOX17 expression, consistent with a biliary phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Expression of Kras(G12D) and SOX17 in mice induces development of metaplasias with a biliary phenotype containing tuft cells. Tuft cells express a number of tumorigenic factors that can alter the microenvironment. Expression of SOX17 induces pancreatitis and promotes Kras(G12D)-induced tumorigenesis in mice.
Therapeutic potential of fecal microbiota transplantation.

There has been growing interest in the use of fecal microbiota for the treatment of patients with chronic gastrointestinal infections and inflammatory bowel diseases. Lately, there has also been interest in its therapeutic potential for cardiometabolic, autoimmune, and other extraintestinal conditions that were not previously considered to be associated with the intestinal microbiota. Although it is not clear if changes in the microbiota cause these conditions, we review the most current and best methods for performing fecal microbiota transplantation and summarize clinical observations that have implicated the intestinal microbiota in various diseases. We also discuss case reports of fecal microbiota transplantations for different disorders, including Clostridium difficile infection, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, insulin resistance, multiple sclerosis, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. There has been increasing focus on the interaction between the intestinal microbiome, obesity, and cardiometabolic diseases, and we explore these relationships and the potential roles of different microbial strains. We might someday be able to mine for intestinal bacterial strains that can be used in the diagnosis or treatment of these diseases.
Effects of feed delivery frequency in different environmental conditions on time budget of lactating dairy cows

This study aimed to examine the influence of feed delivery frequency and environmental conditions on daily time budget of lactating dairy cows. The study was carried out in two commercial dairy farms with Holstein herds. Fifty lactating dairy cows milked in automatic milking units (AMS farm) and 96 primiparous lactating dairy cows milked in a conventional milking parlour (conventional farm) were exposed to different frequencies of feed delivery replicated in different periods of the year (warm and mild) that were characterized by different temperature-humidity indices (THI). On each farm, feeding treatments consisted of two different feed delivery frequencies (1× and 2× on the AMS farm; 2× and 3× on the conventional farm). All behaviours of the cows were monitored for the last 8 d of each treatment period using continuous video recording. The two data sets from different farm systems were considered separately for analysis. On both farms, environmental conditions expressed as THI affected time budgets and the pattern of the behavioural indices throughout the day. The variation in the frequency of feed delivery seems to affect the cow's time budget only in a limited way. Standing time of cows on the conventional farm and the time spent by cows in the milking waiting area on the AMS farm both increased in response to increased feeding frequency. Although feed delivery frequency showed limited influence on cow's time budget, the effect on standing time could be carefully considered, especially on farms equipped with AMS where the type of cow traffic system (e.g., milking first) might amplify the negative consequences of more frequent feed delivery. Further investigations are required to evaluate the effect of THI and feed delivery frequency on other aspects of behavioural activity.
A predictive model to evaluate the impact of the cooling profile on growth of psychrotrophic bacteria in raw milk from conventional and robotic milking

This Research Communication explores the usefulness of predictive modelling to explain bacterial behaviour during cooling. A simple dynamic lag phase model was developed and validated. The model takes into account the effect of the cooling profile on the lag phase and growth in bulk tank milk. The time before the start of cooling was the most critical and should not exceed 1 h. The cooling rate between 30 and approximately 10 °C was the second most critical period. Cooling from 30 to 10 °C within 2 h ensured minimal growth of psychrotrophic bacteria in the milk. The cooling rate between 10 and 4 °C (the slowest phase of cooling) was of surprisingly little importance. Given a normal cooling profile to 10 °C, several hours of prolonged cooling time made practically no difference in psychrotrophic counts. This behaviour can be explained by the time/temperature dependence of the work needed by the bacteria to complete the lag phase at low temperature. For milk quality advisors, it is important to know that slow cooling below 10 °C does not result in high total counts of bacteria. In practice, slow cooling is occasionally found at farms with robotic milking. However, when comparing psychrotrophic growth in bulk milk tanks designed for robotic milking or conventional milking, the model predicted less growth for robotic milking for identical cooling profiles. It is proposed that due to the different rates of milk entering the tank, fewer bacteria will exit the lag phase during robotic milking and they will be more diluted than in conventional milking systems. At present, there is no international standard that specifies the cooling profile in robotic systems. The information on the insignificant effect of the cooling rate below 10 °C may be useful in the development of a standard.
Natural variation and dosage of the HEI10 meiotic E3 ligase control Arabidopsis crossover recombination

Here, Ziolkowski et al. combine high-throughput fluorescence methods to measure crossovers with natural Arabidopsis ecotypes in order to identify the first trans-acting modifier of meiotic recombination in plants. The authors found that HEI10, which encodes a conserved ubiquitin E3 ligase, naturally limits Arabidopsis crossovers and has the potential to influence the response to selection.
Reactive control of transition induced by free-stream turbulence: an experimental demonstration

The present wind-tunnel experiment demonstrates that a reactive control system is able to decrease the amplitude of random disturbances in a flat-plate boundary layer. The disturbances were induced in a laminar boundary layer by a turbulent free stream. The control system consisted of upstream wall-shear-stress sensors (wall wires) and downstream actuators (suction through holes). An ad hoc threshold-and-delay control algorithm is evaluated and parameter variations were performed in order to find a suitable working point of the control system. Detailed measurements of the flow field show how the control influences the disturbances in the boundary layer, whereas the effect on the mean flow owing to the control is minute. The control system manages to inhibit the growth of the fluctuations of the streamwise velocity component for a considerable distance downstream of the two actuator positions. Further downstream, however, the amplitudes of the fluctuations grow again. The flow rate used to obtain the control effect is one sixth of that necessary if continuous distributed suction is used to reach the same control objective. Finally, correlations and spectra show that the elongation of the structures in the streamwise direction is eliminated in the regions where the control has the largest effect. The spanwise scale of the disturbances is not affected by the control.
Wnt5a promotes Frizzled-4 signalosome assembly by stabilizing cysteine-rich domain dimerization

Here, DeBruine et al. report the crystal structure of the Wnt ligand Frizzled (FZD) receptor cysteine-rich domains (CRDs) in complex with palmitoleic acid, which reveals a CRD tetramer consisting of two cross-braced CRD dimers. This study advances our understanding of LRP5/6, Dishevelled, and Axin signalosome assembly and provides a more complete model for Wnt signalosome assembly both intracellularly and at the membrane.
Comparative evaluation of net digestive and absorptive efficiency in dogs and cats fed a variety of contrasting diet types

Comparative net digestive and absorptive efficiency was assessed with adult Beagles and domestic cats by apparent digestibility assays. Eight foods were used comprising two canned dog foods; canned cat foods; two samples of semipurified diet; and single samples of experimental dry cat food and fresh mince. Apparent digestibility percentages of crude protein, fat, nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and gross energy were all significantly higher in dogs than cats. Mean values obtained for dogs were (per cent): crude protein 87; fat 92; NFE 70 and energy 89. Respective values for cats were 82, 76, 67 and 79. On average, dogs obtained 11 and 9 per cent more digestible energy and protein per unit food eaten than cats. Most digestibility characteristics of foods measured in cats were significantly correlated with those for dogs and regression equations are presented predicting digestibility in cats from dog data.
Autocrine VEGF signaling promotes proliferation of neoplastic Barrett's epithelial cells through a PLC-dependent pathway.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Tumor cells express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which induces angiogenesis. VEGF also activates VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) on or within tumor cells to promote their proliferation in an autocrine fashion. We studied the mechanisms of autocrine VEGF signaling in Barrett's esophagus cells. METHODS Using Barrett's epithelial cell lines, we measured VEGF and VEGFR messenger RNA and protein, and studied the effects of VEGF signaling on cell proliferation and VEGF secretion. We studied the effects of inhibiting factors in this pathway on levels of phosphorylated phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCG1), protein kinase C, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2. We performed immunohistochemical analysis of phosphorylated VEGFR2 on esophageal adenocarcinoma tissues. We studied effects of sunitinib, a VEGFR2 inhibitor, on proliferation of neoplastic cells and growth of xenograft tumors in mice. RESULTS Neoplastic and non-neoplastic Barrett's cells expressed VEGF and VEGFR2 messenger RNA and protein, with higher levels in neoplastic cells. Incubation with recombinant human VEGF significantly increased secretion of VEGF protein and cell number; knockdown of PLCG1 markedly reduced the recombinant human VEGF-stimulated increase in levels of phosphorylated PLCG1 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 in neoplastic cells. Esophageal adenocarcinoma tissues showed immunostaining for phosphorylated VEGFR2. Sunitinib inhibited VEGF signaling in neoplastic cells and reduced weight and volume of xenograft tumors in mice. CONCLUSIONS Neoplastic and non-neoplastic Barrett's epithelial cells have autocrine VEGF signaling. In neoplastic Barrett's cells, VEGF activation of VEGFR2 initiates a PLCG1-protein kinase C-ERK pathway that promotes proliferation and is self-sustaining (by causing more VEGF production). Strategies to reduce autocrine VEGF signaling (eg, with sunitinib) might be used to prevent or treat cancer in patients with Barrett's esophagus.