Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tourism Events and the Nature of Stakeholder Power

This exploratory case study examines the power relations among the stakeholders of a tourism event in Borneo. It examines the sources of stakeholder power and the pattern of interdependence of various stakeholders, primarily based on interviews with event managers and stakeholders, as well as field visits. An analysis of the different types and amount of resource control, dependency, and network centrality resulted in four different categories of stakeholder power patterns—executive, asset based, referral, and diffuse stakeholders. The study also found that resource-based power was the primary source of power, whereas network-based power was a secondary and supplementary source. The case study revealed that the salience of event stakeholders based on their power was highly variable due to the different types of power that they had. This article contributes to the literature of event tourism, a typology of the event stakeholder powers in a predominately government-owned music festival, and offered practical suggestions to event management. It also advances the stakeholder power concept within event tourism studies.
Temperature thresholds for chlorine activation and ozone loss in the polar stratosphere

Abstract. Low stratospheric temperatures are known to be responsible for heterogeneous chlorine activation that leads to polar ozone depletion. Here, we discuss the temperature threshold below which substantial chlorine activation occurs. We suggest that the onset of chlorine activation is dominated by reactions on cold binary aerosol particles, without the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), i.e. without any significant uptake of HNO3 from the gas phase. Using reaction rates on cold binary aerosol in a model of stratospheric chemistry, a chlorine activation threshold temperature, TACL, is derived. At typical stratospheric conditions, TACL is similar in value to TNAT (within 1–2 K), the highest temperature at which nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) can exist. TNAT is still in use to parameterise the threshold temperature for the onset of chlorine activation. However, perturbations can cause TACL to differ from TNAT: TACL is dependent upon H2O and potential temperature, but unlike TNAT is not dependent upon HNO3. Furthermore, in contrast to TNAT, TACL is dependent upon the stratospheric sulfate aerosol loading and thus provides a means to estimate the impact on polar ozone of strong volcanic eruptions and some geo-engineering options, which are discussed. A parameterisation of TACL is provided here, allowing it to be calculated for low solar elevation (or high solar zenith angle) over a comprehensive range of stratospheric conditions. Considering TACL as a proxy for chlorine activation cannot replace a detailed model calculation, and polar ozone loss is influenced by other factors apart from the initial chlorine activation. However, TACL provides a more accurate description of the temperature conditions necessary for chlorine activation and ozone loss in the polar stratosphere than TNAT.
Utilization of fly ash as partial sand replacement in oil palm shell lightweight aggregate concrete

Realization on the increasing demand for river sand supply in construction sector has inspired the current research to find alternative material to reduce the use of natural sand in oil palm shell lightweight aggregate concrete (OPS LWAC) production. The existence of fly ash, a by-product generated from coal power plant, which pose negative impact to the environment when it is disposed as waste, were used in this research. The effect of fly ash content as partial sand replacement towards workability and compressive strength of OPS lightweight aggregate concrete were investigated. Four concrete mixes containing various percentage of fly ash that are 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% by weight of sand were used in the experimental work. All mixes were cast in form of cubes before subjected to water curing until the testing age. Compressive strength test were conducted at 1, 3, 7 and 28 days. The finding shows that the workability of the OPS LWAC decreases when more fly ash are used as sand replacement. It was found that adding of 10% fly ash as sand replacement content resulted in better compressive strength of OPS LWAC, which is higher than the control mix.
Static magnetic field influence on elements composition in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.).

Living ce lls possess electric c harges exerted by ions or free radi cals, which a ct as endogenous magnets. These endogenous magnets can be a ffected by exoge nous magnetic f ield, which c an or ient unpaired e lectrons. Treatments with m agnetic f ield ar e a ssumed t o enha nce seed vi gor by influencing t he biochemical processes that involve fr ee radi cals, and by stimulating activity o f prot eins and enzymes. Numerous studies suggested that magnetic field increases ions uptake and consequently improves nutrition value which could be a good alternative for chemical treatments. Seedlings of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) were t reated w ith var ying dos es of static magnet ic fi eld ( SMF) in or der to eva luate t he effect o n elements u ptake. T he SMF source is a magnetic circuit set t o produce three levels o f m agnetic field i ntensities (10, 50 and 100 mT). Seedlings were e xposed t o t hese magnet ic f ields for different periods: 0 , 3 0, 6 0, 1 80, 2 40 and 360 min. L eaf sa mples w ere subjected to chemical an alysis for e lements (Mg, C a, N a, P , K , F e, M n and Zn) u sing inductive couple plasma (ICP) sp ectroscopy. T he results revealed that concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Na, K, and Zn increased, while P concentration decreased with r aising SM F i ntensities and durations of exposure. Static magnet ic f ield ha s a potential to enha nce growth due to t he positive e ffect on the pl ant major elements such as Ca a nd M g, but negative e lectrical charges on the pl ants inhibited t he upt ake of anions such as P. Increasing i ons may e levate t he nut rition value of date palm plants.
The Frequency of blaPER ، blaVEB، blaCTX-M، tetA and tetB genes among Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from hospitalizes patients in Tehran

Background & Aim: Infections and outbreaks caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are prevalent and have been reported worldwide over the past twenty or more years. Beta-lactamase genes including blaPER, blaVEB and blaCTX-M confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and tetA and tetB are responsible for resistance to tetracycline in such bacteria. Methods: A total of 65 isolates of A. Baumannii from clinical samples were collected. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method according to the CLSI guideline and the presence of blaOXA-51 tetA, tetB, blaVEB, blaCTX and blaPER were screened via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The isolates were 100% resistant to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and tetracycline. Resistance to minocycline and imipenem stood at 89% and 85%, respectively. All isolates were identified as multi-drug resistant (MDR). The genes tetA, tetB, blaVEB, blaCTX and blaPER were detected in 75.3%, 43%, 35.3%, 76.9% and 61.5% of isolates, respectively. Conclusion: This study revealed the high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes amongst Acinetobacter baumannii and thus conﬁrms the need for isolating and identifying them in clinical laboratory and hospital settings.
Pedestrian/Bicyclist Limb Motion Analysis from 110-Car TASI Video Data for Autonomous Emergency Braking Testing Surrogate Development

Many vehicles are currently equipped with active safety systems that can detect vulnerable road users like pedestrians and bicyclists, to mitigate associated conflicts with vehicles. With the advancements in technologies and algorithms, detailed motions of these targets, especially the limb motions, are being considered for improving the efficiency and reliability of object detection. Thus, it becomes important to understand these limb motions to support the design and evaluation of many vehicular safety systems. However in current literature, there is no agreement being reached on whether or not and how often these limbs move, especially at the most critical moments for potential crashes. In this study, a total of 832 pedestrian walking or cyclist biking cases were randomly selected from one large-scale naturalistic driving database containing 480,000 video segments with a total size of 94TB, and then the 832 video clips were analyzed focusing on their limb motions. We modeled the pedestrian/bicyclist limb motions in four layers: (1) the percentages of pedestrians and bicyclists who have limb motions when crossing the road; (2) the averaged action frequency and the corresponding distributions on when there are limb motions; (3) comparisons of the limb motion behavior between crossing and non-crossing cases; and (4) the effects of seasons on the limb motions when the pedestrians/bicyclists are crossing the road. The results of this study can provide empirical foundations supporting surrogate development, benefit analysis, and standardized testing of vehicular pedestrian/ bicyclist detection and crash mitigation systems. CITATION: Sherony, R. , Tian, R. , Chien, S. , Fu, L. et al., "Pedestrian/Bicyclist Limb Motion Analysis from 110-Car TASI Video Data for Autonomous Emergency Braking Testing Surrogate Development," SAE Int. J. Trans. Safety 4(1):2016, doi:10.4271/2016-01-1456. 2016-01-1456 Published 04/05/2016 Copyright © 2016 SAE International doi:10.4271/2016-01-1456 saetransaf.saejournals. org 113 Downloaded from SAE International by Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis, Wednesday, February 15, 2017
Socio-Cultural Determinants of Entrepreneurial Capabilities among the Chagga and Sukuma Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania

This paper examines socio-cultural determinants (SCDs) linked to entrepreneurial capabilities (EC) among the Chagga and Sukuma Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Tanzania. A survey of 254 owner-managers was conducted in Kilimanjaro and Mwanza regions in order to collect quantitative data and case studies for qualitative data. Descriptive statistics and Binary Logistic Regression Model analysis were employed in estimating the effect of SCDs on EC. Results show that values, social factors, beliefs, norms and perceptions demonstrate positive effects while attitudes show a negative effect on EC among the Chagga and Sukuma. However, results show variation on the effect of SCD on EC between the Chagga and Sukuma in which the effect is stronger among the Chagga than Sukuma. This study concludes that SCDs have effect on EC and its implication is that individuals exposed to such SCDs are likely to have a sounding EC. The study recommends that policy makers should consider the role of SCDs in entrepreneurial undertaking. Keywords: Socio-cultural Determinants, Entrepreneurial Capabilities, Chagga, Sukuma, SMEs, Tanzania
Estimation and Validation of Elastic Modulus of Carbon Nanotubes Using Nano-Scale Tensile and Vibrational Analysis

In this paper, the atomistic-continuum mechanics method (ACM) is applied for carbon nanotube modeling. The atomistic-continuum mechanics is based on the transformation of chemical bonds between atoms in molecular mechanics into appropriate elements in finite element method and continuum mechanics. Spring elements are treated as chemical bonds between carbon atoms in carbon nanotube, whose force-displacement function is determined by the Reactive Empirical Bond Order (REBO) potential model. The advantages and unique feature of ACM method is same analytical model can be used for both tensile and vibration analyses, and most importantly, there are no prior inputs such as Young’s Modulus, cross-section area and density will be needed in the frequency analysis of ACM approach. As a result, not only Young’s modulus could be obtained but also modal analysis could be achieved with affordable computational time by personal computers. The validity of the results is demonstrated through comparisons to numerical and experimental results provided by other papers. In addition, based on classic structural dynamics, the feasibility of the ACM method has been verified by comparing the results of Young’s modulus analysis and modal analysis.
Key factors in learners’ satisfaction with the e-learning system at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

This study aimed to identify key factors that have an influence on learners’ satisfaction with the e-learning system at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, using a modified, updated DeLone and McLean (D&M) (2003) model. The research model was tested against regression analysis using a sample of 153 enrolled students. The study found that system quality, instructor quality, and service quality had a significant positive effect on learners’ satisfaction, with service quality being the strongest predictor. However, course quality was found to have no significant effect on learners’ satisfaction with the e-learning system. The findings from this study will help institutions that are planning or implementing e-learning systems to enhance learners’ satisfaction and, consequently, increase systems success. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Effects of Upper Airway Anaesthesia on the Hyperdynamic Response to Tracheal Intubation

Tracheal intubation is associated with a hyperdynamic response characterized by hypertension and tachycardia. Several drugs have been used to attenuate this response; however, anaesthetizing the superior laryngeal nerves of this purpose has not been formally studied. This study was designed to determine the effects of bilateral superior laryngeal nerve block and those of nebulized lidocaine on the hyperdynamic response to tracheal intubation. For- ty-six patients were randomized, in a prospective, placebo-controlled, single blind trial, to receive bilateral superior laryngeal nerve block (SLN), nebulized lidocaine (NBL), or no intervention (CON). Blinding was achieved by placing a band-aid on the neck bilaterally all patients. A standard anaesthesia protocol was followed in all patients. Measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were obtained pre-induction, at induction, and every minute for 10 min- utes after tracheal intubation. Opioids and surgical stimuli were withheld dur- ing the study period. Tracheal intubation resulted in comparable increases in MAP, SBP, DBP, and HR among all patient groups. The maxium increases in these parameters were observed at 1-2 minutes following intubation. Although other haemodynamic variables returned to baseline, all patients continued to be tachycardiac 10 min- utes after airway instrumentation. This study demonstrated that upper airway anaesthesia with either bilateral SLN block or nebulized lidocaine was in- effective by itself in attenuating the hyperdynamic response to tracheal in- tubation.
Galaxy Zoo: reproducing galaxy morphologies via machine learning★

We present morphological classifications obtained using machine learning for objects in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR6 that have been classified by Galaxy Zoo into three classes, namely early types, spirals and point sources/artefacts. An artificial neural network is trained on a subset of objects classified by the human eye, and we test whether the machine-learning algorithm can reproduce the human classifications for the rest of the sample. We find that the success of the neural network in matching the human classifications depends crucially on the set of input parameters chosen for the machine-learning algorithm. The colours and parameters associated with profile fitting are reasonable in separating the objects into three classes. However, these results are considerably improved when adding adaptive shape parameters as well as concentration and texture. The adaptive moments, concentration and texture parameters alone cannot distinguish between early type galaxies and the point sources/artefacts. Using a set of 12 parameters, the neural network is able to reproduce the human classifications to better than 90 per cent for all three morphological classes. We find that using a training set that is incomplete in magnitude does not degrade our results given our particular choice of the input parameters to the network. We conclude that it is promising to use machine-learning algorithms to perform morphological classification for the next generation of wide-field imaging surveys and that the Galaxy Zoo catalogue provides an invaluable training set for such purposes.
Value-at-Risk-based risk management on exchange traded funds: the Taiwanese experience

This study investigates the daily Value-at-Risk (VaR) for 0050-ETFs returns of the Taiwan Stock Exchange from 2003 to 2007. The essential source of performance improvements between distributional assumption and volatility specification is identified utilizing symmetric (GARCH) and asymmetric (GJR-GARCH) volatility models under alternative distributions through two-stage models selection criterion. Empirical results indicate that the roles of distributional assumption and asymmetric volatility specification achieve their superiority at different confidence levels. Additionally, different fat-tailed distributions should be considered at different confidence levels. Eventually, we encourage in that GJR-t/GARCH-HT model is a useful technique for conservative/aggressive risk managers against market uncertainty in volatile ETFs markets.
Student writing process, perceptions, problems, and strategies in writing academic essays in second language: A case study

When studying in Australia, international students in general and Vietnamese students in particular meet many difficulties, one of which is writing academis essays/assignments in English. The current case study, applying the cognitivist view, aims at exploring the problems as well as the process of writing academic assignments of a particular Vietnamese student studying at an Australian university. Based on the coding scheme applied by Cumming [1989] and Bosher [1998], the study specifically addresses three major questions: (1) How does the student perceive the requirements of the academic essay? (2) What does he actually do in the process of writing? (3)What are the problems he encounters and strategies he used during the process of writing the essay in English? Data relevant for the study was collected by means of in-depth interviews, stimulated recall, and interpretation of the student’s written products. Data analysis has shown that the subject did not pay much attention to grammatical errors or spelling mistakes and he met many problems and used a lot of strategies to solve them.
Do Saudi EFL Teachers Promote Creativity in Their Classrooms

Despite the efforts made by the Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia, there is still much to be done in order to nourish creativity in schools. According to a number of studies, there is an urgent need to reconsider the role of creativity in the current educational programmes because there is an increasing gap between the reality of the classrooms and the expectations that students and others, such as parents, might have. Studies have shown that Saudi public school students lack the necessary creative thinking skills, especially in language classrooms. In fact, as claimed by some researchers, Saudi students’ low level of achievement in English is mainly a result of the approaches and methods practiced in schools that do not promote creativity. The current study explores whether or not EFL teachers promote creativity in their classrooms in Saudi Arabia, while also taking into consideration their own perceptions and attitudes towards this important concept.The sample in this study included 45 Saudi EFL teachers and six EFL supervisors. After teachers responded to a creativity questionnaire that explored their attitudes and the extent to which they promote creativity in language classrooms, eight of the teachers and the six EFL supervisors were interviewed. The results revealed that most Saudi EFL teachers put little effort into fostering creativity in their teaching practices. Also, their attitudes towards creativity seem to be divided. The study identified a number of factors as being responsible for these results. They highlight the need to familiarize textbook designers, EFL supervisors, and teachers with the importance of creativity and its various applications. The study concludes with important practical recommendations and suggestions for future research.
The progenitors of magnetic white dwarfs in open clusters

Swiss Seismological Service, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, SwitzerlandReceived XXXX, 2012; accepted XXXX, 2012ABSTRACTContext.White dwarfs are the ﬁnal stages of stellar evolution for mos t stars in the galaxy and magnetic white dwarfs (MWDs) rep-resent at least ten percent of the whole sample. According to the fossil-ﬁeld hypothesis magnetic ﬁelds are remnants of t he previousstages of evolution. However, population synthesis calculations are unable to reproduce the MWD sample without binary interactionor inclusion of a population of progenitor with unobservable small-scale ﬁelds. Aims.One necessary ingredient in population synthesis is the initial-to-ﬁnal-mass relation (IFMR) which describes the mass-lossprocesses during the stellar evolution. When white dwarfs are members of open clusters, their evolutionary histories can be assessedthrough the use of cluster properties. This enables an independent way of determining the mass of their progenitors. The discovery ofthe magnetic WD0836+201 in the Praesepe cluster prompted the question whether magnetic ﬁelds a ﬀect the IFMR. In this work weinvestigate this suggestion through investigations of all three known MWDs in open clusters.Methods. We assess the cluster membership by correlating the proper-motion of MWDs with the cluster proper-motion and by an-alyzing the candidates spectroscopically with our magnetic model spectra in order to estimate the eﬀective temperature and radii.Furthermore, we use mass-radius relations and evolutionary models to constrain the histories of the probable cluster members.Results. We identiﬁed SDSSJ085523.87 +164059.0 to be a proper-motion member of Praesepe. We also included the data ofthe formerly identiﬁed cluster members NGC 6819-8, WD0836+201 and estimated the mass, cooling age and the progenitormasses of the three probable MWD members of open clusters. According to our analysis, the newly identiﬁed cluster memberSDSSJ085523.87+164059.0 is an ultra-massive MWD of mass 1.12 ±0.11 M⊙. Conclusions. We increase the sample of MWDs with known progenitor masses to ten, with the rest of the data coming from thecommon proper motion binaries. Our investigations show that, when eﬀects of the magnetic ﬁelds are included in the diagnostics,the estimated properties of these cluster MWDs do not show evidence for deviations from the IFMR. Furthermore we estimate theprecision of the magnetic diagnostics which would be necessary to determine quantitatively whether magnetism has any eﬀect on themass-loss.Key words. Stars: white dwarfs – stars: magnetic ﬁelds – stars: distanc es – open clusters and associations: individual