Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Linguistic Structures for Named Entity Recognition with Bidirectional Recursive Neural Networks

In this paper, we utilize the linguistic structures of texts to improve named entity recognition by BRNN-CNN, a special bidirectional recursive network attached with a convolutional network. Motivated by the observation that named entities are highly related to linguistic constituents, we propose a constituent-based BRNN-CNN for named entity recognition. In contrast to classical sequential labeling methods, the system first identifies which text chunks are possible named entities by whether they are linguistic constituents. Then it classifies these chunks with a constituency tree structure by recursively propagating syntactic and semantic information to each constituent node. This method surpasses current state-of-the-art on OntoNotes 5.0 with automatically generated parses.
Exploiting data parallelism for efficient execution of logic programs with large knowledge bases

A model is presented which is designed to exploit the data parallelism present in associative computers for the efficient execution of logic programs with very large knowledge bases. A scheme is described for a logical data structure representation incorporating a direct interface between lists and vectors. This interface allows the partial integration of symbolic and numerical computation on existing associative supercomputers. A data parallel goal reduction algorithm which is almost independent of the number of clauses is discussed. This associative goal reduction scheme performs parallel clause pruning and binding of variables with a single occurrence. The associative property of the model effectively reduces the cost of shallow backtracking, deep backtracking, and garbage collection. <<ETX>>
Online insurance claims: when more than trust matters

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a theoretical framework explaining the adoption of online insurance claims characterised by infrequent interactions, inherent complexity and risk. It extends the technology acceptance model to include knowledge-related and trust-related beliefs. Design/methodology/approach The framework is tested with structural equation modelling using data from a survey of 292 customers who made online insurance claims. Findings are further explained through 30 telephone interviews conducted with online and offline claimants. Findings Previous research in financial services has shown trust to be equally or more important than perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use in forming attitudes towards adopting online insurance applications. The findings of this paper contradict this by showing, at best, a weak relationship between trusting attitude and intention to use the online service. Trust is somewhat meaningful; however, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and technology attitude are substantially more important in an online insurance claims setting. Research limitations/implications Contradictory results always beg further research to assure their robustness. Nevertheless, they can also point to a developing trend where trust in the internet channel, per se, is of diminishing importance. Internet and product knowledge are not as pertinent to forming intentions as usefulness and ease of use. Practical implications To encourage customers to adopt online applications for a trusted company, all emphasis should be on user friendliness and perceived usefulness of the online interface. Originality/value Compared to other channels, consumers are no longer naïve or distrustful of the online channel for interacting with a firm. If they perceive usefulness and ease of use, they will adopt the offered service.
VENTRICULOSTOMY‐RELATED INFECTIONS: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

OBJECTIVE To provide a critical evaluation of the published literature describing risk factors for ventriculostomy-related infections (VRIs) and the efficacy of prophylactic catheter exchange. METHODS A MEDLINE literature search was performed, and data were extracted from studies published from 1941 through 2001. RESULTS Published criteria for diagnosing VRIs are highly variable. Intraventricular hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cranial fracture with cerebrospinal fluid leak, craniotomy, systemic infections, and catheter irrigation all predispose patients to the development of VRIs. Extended duration of catheterization is correlated with an increasing risk of cerebrospinal fluid infections during the first 10 days of catheterization. Prophylactic catheter exchange does not modify the risk of developing later VRIs in retrospective studies. CONCLUSION Categorizing suspected cerebrospinal fluid infections as contaminants, colonization, suspected or confirmed VRIs, or ventriculitis more accurately describes the patient's clinical condition and may indicate different management strategies. A prospective, randomized clinical trial is required to further evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic catheter exchange in limiting the incidence of VRIs during prolonged catheterization. Although prophylactic catheter exchange remains a practice option, the available data suggest that this procedure is not currently justified.
Entropy measurement as features extraction in automatic lung sound classification

Lung sound is one of the important information in the diagnosis of respiratory disease. Many researchers have developed various algorithms to diagnose lung disease through the lung sounds. One of the parameters used as the feature of lung sound is entropy, a measure of the signal complexity in which the normal biological signal and the pathological biological signal have different complexities. Entropy measurement has some different methods performed in a different signal domain as well. This paper discusses the use of various entropy measurements for a lung sound classification. The evaluation results have demonstrated that the use of a single entropy as a feature on the lung sound classification could not produce the high accuracy. The incorporation of 7 entropies, in contrast, could produce the higher one. For five classes of lung sound data, the combination of 7 entropies as features generated the accuracy of 94.95% using multilayer perceptron as a classifier.
A New Decomposition of a POLSAR Coherency Matrix Using a Generalized Scattering Model

A new POLSAR model-based decomposition with a generalized scattering model is proposed. The generalized scattering model is built based on the particle cloud model adding the ellipticity angle. The model is highly flexible so that it represents the surface, double-bounce, volume, and helix scattering. Moreover, a uniform decomposition procedure to employ the model is proposed. For the first step, polarimetric coherency matrix is decomposed into two parts: the generalized scattering model and residue. Unknowns in the model are determined so that the resultant model matrix is subtracted, as much as possible, keeping the nonnegative eigenvalue condition in the residue. Then, the same operation is applied to the residue. By iteratively applying the process, the residue becomes null at last and the decomposed matrices perfectly fit the observed one. The procedure avoids branch conditions through the decomposition which often produce unreasonable decomposed power images. The proposed procedure is regarded as an extension of the eigenvalue-based decomposition considering the depolarization. The demonstration of the proposed decomposition shows that the results are considerably different from those of the eigenvalue-based one especially in forest area: more straightforwardly interpreted, since the model fits observed coherency matrix better. Furthermore, it is shown that the orientation angle randomness is physically important not only to measure the reliability of estimated orientation angles but also to estimate volume scattering power more accurately conventional model-based decomposition.
Performance of multirate transmission schemes for a multicarrier DS/CDMA system

In this paper, two multirate transmission schemes are considered for an asynchronous multicarrier (MC) DS/CDMA system: multicode scheme and multiple processing gain (MPG) scheme. A successive interference canceller (SIC) is applied to the two multirate MC-DS/CDMA systems to cancel multiple access interference (MAI). The bit error rate (BER) of each system is obtained by analysis and simulation in a Rayleigh fading channel with perfect channel estimation. It is shown that higher rate users have smaller BER than lower rate users in both systems. It is shown that the system with the multicode scheme has better performance than the system with the MPG scheme for high processing gain. Also, it is shown that the former has even better performance than the latter when SIC is applied.
Relevance of selected measures in transition to a circular economy: the case of the Czech Republic

To accelerate the transition to a circular economy European member states have applied a broad range of policy instruments. Based on recycling rates and public participation in recycling efforts the Czech Republic would also appear to be on the way to a circular economy. However, the environmental effect of policy instruments (e.g. promotion and education campaigns) will soon be exhausted, as recycling rates are no longer rising significantly. Convinced recyclers are already carrying out effective recycling; however, how to motivate chronic non-recyclers to increase their public participation in recycling efforts is questionable. This paper examines the impact of social norms and the social environment in an attempt to explain recycling behaviour. Furthermore, awareness of waste separation options and programs is viewed as an important variable that deter-mines how non-recyclers perform with regard to recycling.
What drives contract design in strategic alliances? Taking stock and how to proceed

We collect and assess prior empirical evidence on contract design in alliances that has been published since Parkhe’s (1993) seminal study on inter-firm contracts. We elaborate on the effects of transaction-related factors, experience gained from prior relationships, and deliberate learning efforts on contracts. Our paper offers three contributions. First, we systematically review the existing literature on alliance contracts and summarize our findings. Second, while prior research has traditionally focused on contractual complexity, we place the content of contracts center stage and identify three contractual functions. While existing studies on contractual functions predominantly refer to safeguarding as a response to appropriation concerns, we also consider coordination and contingency adaptability as outcomes of adaptation concerns. Third, we disentangle the differential influences of previous experiences on distinct contractual functions and show that experience gained from prior relationships has different effects on safeguarding and contingency adaptability than on coordination. Overall, we add to the systematization of the current debate on alliance contract design and trace promising avenues for future research on the impact of transaction- and experience-related factors on the complexity and content of alliance contracts.
Negative Word of Mouth: Substitute for or Supplement to Consumer Complaints?

The predominant conceptualization of consumer complaint behavior argues that voice, private, and third party responses are related but independent complaint actions taken by dissatisfied consumers. Thus, negative word of mouth by dissatisfied consumers (a private complaint response) may occur in addition to other forms of complaint behavior rather than in place of it. This study focuses on whether or not communicating negative word of mouth about a dissatisfactory product experience replaces or supplements other forms of complaint behavior (e.g., voice or third party complaints). Over 400 U.S. carpet consumers were surveyed regarding their complaint practices after product dissatisfaction. The results indicate that negative word of mouth was greatest among consumers who had also voiced complaints to the seller, supporting the supplementary rather than substitution effect explanation.
Subjektive Beurteilung des Fahrverhaltens

Mit der Beschreibung des Verfahrens zur subjektiven Beurteilung des Fahrverhaltens von Automobilen wird der Versuch unternommen, die gegenwaertig meist angewendete Methode zu dokumentieren. Die subjektive Beurteilung liefert im Verlauf der gesamten Fahrzeugentwicklung effektiv und bis heute allein verbindliche Aussagen ueber Fahrdynamik und Beurteilung von Automobilen. Trotz hoch entwickelter Mess- und Simulationstechniken ist der Mensch als Beobachter und Bewerter ein nicht zu ersetzendes wesentliches Element in der Entwicklung und Beurteilung von Fahrzeugen. Ziel des Buches ist es zunaechst die aktuelle Bewertungspraxis so genau wie moeglich zu beschreiben, um so das Expertenwissen auf dem Gebiet der fahrdynamischen Auslegung von Automobilen zu dokumentieren. Die genaue Beschreibung der Einzelkriterien liefert zugleich die Basisdaten zum Andocken objektiver Bewertungsverfahren, die im Fahrmanoever, der Messwertaufnahme und der Analyse speziell fuer das Kriterium zu definieren sind. Nur die so validierten Beurteilungsverfahren koennen in den Prozess der virtuellen Produktentwicklung eingesteuert werden. Es werden im Buch nach Darstellung der Methoden der Fahrwerksabstimmung, die Fahreraufgaben, die Bewertungskriterien sowie das Bewertungssystem behandelt. Danach wird auf das Testfahrzeug und den Testablauf eingegangen. Zentral stellt sich die Fahrverhaltensbeurteilung nach dem Anfahrverhalten, Bremsverhalten, Lenkverhalten, Kurvenverhalten, Geradeausfahrt und Fahrkomfort anschliessend dar.
Isolation, purification and characterization of chymosin from riverine buffalo (Bubalos bubalis)

Chymosin, an aspartyl proteinase, is used for curdling of milk and manufacture of cheese. We report the purification and the physicochemical properties of chymosin isolated from the abomasal tissue of buffalo calves. The enzyme preparation extracted from buffalo abomasal tissues could be purified 29–fold using anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 35·6 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Partial N-terminal amino acid sequence of the first eight amino acid sequences of buffalo chymosin was identical to the first eight amino acid sequences of cattle chymosin. Buffalo chymosin exhibited a skewed bell-shaped stability profile as a function of temperature with maximum activity near 55 °C. Milk clotting activity decreased gradually as pH increased. The enzyme became completely inactive, however, above pH 7·0. The ratio of milk clotting to proteolytic activity was 3·03. When compared with cattle chymosin, there were subtle differences in the stability and relative proteolytic activity of buffalo chymosin.
Common Institutional Ownership and Product Market Threats

The common ownership of firms can have anticompetitive effects by incentivizing collusive outcomes that maximize joint surpluses of the commonly held firms or procompetitive effects through enhanced knowledge spillovers. Using a difference-in-differences regression methodology that exploits mergers between financial institutions as exogenous shocks to common ownership, our baseline results suggest that higher common ownership leads to greater product market fluidity (a text-based metric of competition) and generally leads to more product development and higher investments. These findings suggest that, on average, common ownership spurs dynamism in product spaces rather than tacit collusion between cross-held competitors. This is especially true in economic environments in which it is easier to take advantage of knowledge spillovers. However, common ownership can also inhibit product market competition and dynamism, especially in industries more prone to quasi-monopoly outcomes in product spaces. Implementing a one-size-fits-all regulatory policy limiting common ownership may be harmful in industries with strong spillover opportunities. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023. 4830 .
Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema in Scleroderma‐Related Lung Disease Has a Major Confounding Effect on Lung Physiology and Screening for Pulmonary Hypertension

To assess the prevalence of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and the effect of CPFE on the pulmonary function tests used to evaluate the severity of SSc‐related ILD and the likelihood of pulmonary hypertension (PH).
An evaluation of destination attractiveness for nature-based tourism: Recommendations for the management of national parks in Vietnam

National parks are increasingly recognized as playing an important role in the development of nature-based tourism destinations that promote effective management of natural resources and socioeconomic development. The paper was designed to evaluate the tourism attractiveness and performance of national parks in Vietnam. The tourism performance of 30 Vietnamese national parks was evaluated using multiple criteria decision analysis with the stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis (SMAA) and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) method; thirteen national park attributes were used to determine tourism attractiveness, measured by an exponential weighted acceptability index. It was found that the Phong Nha – Ke Bang, Cuc Phuong, and Ba Be National Parks were most attractive for more than 95% of all possible preference structures. In addition, 12 non-dominated national parks were identified, and for an average supporter of most non-dominated protected areas, the trail criterion appears to be the most important. A statistically significant correlation was found between tourism attractiveness and the number of tourists who visited national parks. Our findings offer potentially useful information for decision makers in developing effective tourism marketing and management strategies for national parks in Vietnam.
Workplace Learning in Non-Profit Organizations – Three Essays

This three-essay thesis uses the systematic review of literature as the method to examine workplace learning in non-profit organizations. The first essay studies how human resource development practitioners conceptualised workplace learning and the factors informing their decisions on workplace learning in organizations. The second essay explores human resource management in non-profit organizations and the third essay analyzes scholarly literature to explore the management of workplace learning in non-profit organizations. The essays reveal a still contested and fuzzy understanding of workplace learning being deployed by non-profit organizations to function in an increasingly competitive and marketized landscape. As the sector adapts to operating in competitive markets, formal learning of professional and managerial programs is privileged over informal learning.
Identifying invalid states for sequential circuit test generation

For sequential circuit test pattern generation incorporating backward justification, we need to justify the values on flip-flops to activate and propagate fault effects. This takes much time when the values to be justified on flip-flops appear to be invalid states. Hence, it is desirable to know invalid states, either dynamically during the justification process or statically before proceeding to test generation. This paper proposes algorithms to identify, before test generation, invalid states for sequential circuits without reset states. The first algorithm explores all valid states from an unknown initial state to search the complete set of invalid states. The second algorithm finds the complete set of invalid states from searching the reachable states for each state. The third algorithm searches the invalid states which are required for test generation to help stop justification early by analyzing dependency among flip-flops to simulate each partial circuit. Experimental results on ISCAS benchmark circuits show that the algorithms can identify invalid states in short time. The obtained invalid states were also used in test generation, and it was shown that they improved test generation significantly in test generation time, fault coverage, and detection efficiency, especially for larger circuits and for those that were difficult to generate.
Qualitative Analysis of Financial Reporting Post Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard - Comparative Study in South East Asia

: The Implementation of Association of East Asian County Economy Community has increased the competition between countries, including the capital market competition. In the other hand, investor will analyze the information on the financial statement in making investment decision. The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard belief will increase the financial reporting quality as it requires more disclosure, thus providing more understandable and comparable information. This study aims to analyze whether there are any changes in financial reporting quality post adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS). We use listed companies at Indonesia Stock Exchange, Kuala Lumpur Syock Exchange and Singapore Stock Exchange as the subject in this research. We measure the financial reporting quality using qualitive measurement developed by Nijmegen Centre for Economics (NiCE), such as relevance, faithful representation, understandability, comparability, and timeliness. This study uses paired sample test for analysing the data. Based on the test, we found that qualitative characteristics of relevance, understandability and comparability are increased after the adoption, as more information being disclosed. Meanwhile the faithful representation is decreased as the new standard use principle base, which is involve more judgement. Thus, the international financial reporting standard will increase the financial reporting quality, except for representation faithfulness which involves many accounting judgment, so the financial statement user need to analyze its appropriateness, carefully.
Are Cultures Becoming Individualistic? A Cross-Temporal Comparison of Individualism–Collectivism in the United States and Japan

Individualism–collectivism is one of the best researched dimensions of culture in psychology. One frequently asked but underexamined question regards its cross-temporal changes: Are cultures becoming individualistic? One influential theory of cultural change, modernization theory, predicts the rise of individualism as a consequence of economic growth. Findings from past research are generally consistent with this theory, but there is also a body of evidence suggesting its limitations. To examine these issues, cross-temporal analyses of individualism–collectivism in the United States and Japan were conducted. Diverging patterns of cultural changes were found across indices: In both countries, some of the obtained indices showed rising individualism over the past several decades, supporting the modernization theory. However, other indices showed patterns that are best understood within the frameworks of a shifting focus of social relationships and a persisting cultural heritage. A comprehensive theory of cultural change requires considerations of these factors in addition to the modernization effect.