Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eyes absent homologue 2 predicts a favorable prognosis in colorectal cancer

Purpose Eyes absent homologue 2 (EYA2), which functions as a transcription activator and phosphatase, plays an important role in several types of cancer. However, the impact of EYA2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive. Patients and methods We evaluated the significance of EYA2 expression in the development and progression of CRC in a large cohort, including 922 CRC cases. EYA2 protein expression was determined via immunohistochemistry in colorectal tissues. The correlation between EYA2 expression and CRC occurrence was investigated in tumor tissue and the adjacent normal tissues. Factors contributing to CRC prognosis were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier and Cox model analyses. Results EYA2 expression was progressively lower in the adjacent normal tissue, adenomas, primary tumor and the metastatic CRC (all P<0.05). Furthermore, EYA2 expression had significant associations with disease stage, differentiation grade, and number of resected lymph nodes (all P<0.001). Compared with patients with EYA2-high tumors, those with EYA2-low tumors had shorter disease-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.347; 95% CI, 1.665–3.308) and disease-specific survival (HR, 3.560; 95% CI, 2.055–6.167) in multivariate Cox analysis, after adjusting confounding factors such as tumor-node-metastasis stage and grade. In particular, patients with stage II or III EYA2-low CRC might be harmed by postoperative chemotherapy. Conclusion EYA2 expression was generally reduced in CRC. Higher EYA2 expression can predict a more favorable prognosis for CRC.
Cultural Differences in Motivation for Seeking Social Support and the Emotional Consequences of Receiving Support: The Role of Influence and Adjustment Goals

Previous research suggests that the benefits of different types of social support depend on cultural background. However, cultural variations in the underlying motivations for seeking social support and the emotional implications of receiving support have not yet been clearly explored. We hypothesized and found that European Americans emphasized the motivation for self-esteem as a factor in deciding to seek explicit social support (e.g., advice, emotional comfort), whereas Japanese emphasized relational concerns as a factor in deciding to seek implicit social support (e.g., the emotional comfort experienced without disclosing one’s problems). Furthermore, European Americans anticipated experiencing strong feelings of self-esteem and pride regarding receiving support, whereas Japanese anticipated experiencing strong feelings of shame and guilt. Additionally, influence goals mediated cultural differences in the motivation for self-esteem and the experience of self-esteem and pride, whereas adjustment goals mediated cultural differences in relational concerns and the experience of shame and guilt.
Are You Feeling What I’m Feeling? Emotional Similarity Buffers Stress

We examine the idea that it is beneficial for people in threatening situations to affiliate with others who are experiencing similar, relative to dissimilar, emotions. Pairs of participants waited together and then engaged in a laboratory stressor (i.e., giving a speech). We created an index of each pair’s emotional similarity using participants’ emotional states. We also measured how threatening participants perceived the speech task to be (i.e., whether they had high vs. low dispositional fear of public speaking). We hypothesized that perceiving greater threat in the situation would be associated with greater stress, but interacting with someone who is emotionally similar would buffer individuals from this heightened stress. Confirming our hypotheses, greater initial dyadic emotional similarity was associated with a reduced cortisol response and lower reported stress among participants who feared public speaking.
Prime theory: An integrated view of motivation and emotion

Motivation and emotion are viewed as different aspects of a single process in which emotion involves the "readout" of motivational potential inherent in hierarchically organized primary motivational/emotional systems (primes). The most basic readout, Emotion 7, involves adaptive-homeostatic functions. In species where communication about the state of certain primes became important, Emotion II, involving their outward expression, evolved. With cognition, a third type of readout evolved, Emotion III, involving the direct experience of certain primes. A model of the interaction between primes and cognition is presented, and the unique role of language in human motivation-emotion is discussed. In recent years there has been a virtual explosion of new information relevant to the analysis of motivation and emotion that has left attempts at theoretical integration far behind. In the realm usually termed motivation, there has been increasing realization that behavior can be initiated by external stimuli and cognitive processes as well as by the biological deficits that have served as the cornerstone of the drive-reduction model. Mogenson and Phillips (1976) pointed out that any contemporary analysis of motivation must account for behavior based on the expectation of reward (incentive motivation: Bindra, 1968; Bolles, 1972) and for adaptive behavior that anticipates homeostatic deficits before they occur. The apparent ability of animals to make responses that anticipate their needs suggests that they must use processes that "represent within the brain the nature of the outside world" (Oatley, 1973, p. 12). In this article I argue that such processes involve phenomena that have been traditionally relegated to the realm of emotion. The major physiological models of motivation have generally avoided the concept of emotion, with its taint of subjectivism. These
NEWS ABOUT ISRAEL AND PALESTINE : A cross-national comparison of prominence and trends

This article measures the relative attention given to Israel and Palestine in 37 leading news sites in 10 languages over two years. Findings clearly show that the Palestinian entities and Israel are the world’s most prominent polities after the US in top news stories of international online coverage. Most news attention is given by Middle Eastern news sites, and only then by European and American news sites. During periods that attention to Israel decreases, attention to China increases. After presenting these rather surprising findings, the study considers a number of directions for interpreting them.
Deep surface Cu depletion induced by K in high‐efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell absorbers

In this work, we used K‐rich glass substrates to provide potassium during the coevaporation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber layers. Subsequently, we applied a postdeposition treatment (PDT) using KF or RbF to some of the grown absorbers. It was found that the presence of K during the growth of the CIGS layer led to cell efficiencies beyond 17%, and the addition of a PDT pushed it beyond 18%. The major finding of this work is the observation of discontinuous 100‐ to 200‐nm‐deep Cu‐depleted patches in the vicinity of the CdS buffer layer, correlated with the presence of K during the growth of the absorber layer. The PDT had no influence on the formation of these patches. A second finding concerns the composition of the Cu‐depleted areas, where an anticorrelation between Cu and both In and K was measured using scanning transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, a steeper Ga/(In+Ga) ratio gradient was measured for the absorbers grown with the presence of K, suggesting that K hinders the group III element interdiffusion. Finally, no Cd in‐diffusion to the CIGS layer could be detected. This indicates that if CdCu substitution occurs, either their concentration is below our instrumental detection limit or its presence is contained within the first 6 nm from the CdS/CIGS interface.
Deep subsurface drip irrigation using coalbed sodic water : Part II

Waters with low salinity and high sodium adsorption ratios (SARs) present a challenge to irrigation because they degrade soil structure and infiltration capacity. In the Powder River Basin of Wyoming, such low salinity (electrical conductivity, EC 2.1 mS cm−1) and high-SAR (54) waters are co-produced with coal-bed methane and some are used for subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). The SDI system studied mixes sulfuric acid with irrigation water and applies water year-round via drip tubing buried 92 cm deep. After six years of irrigation, SAR values between 0 and 30 cm depth (0.5–1.2) are only slightly increased over non-irrigated soils (0.1–0.5). Only 8–15% of added Na has accumulated above the drip tubing. Sodicity has increased in soil surrounding the drip tubing, and geochemical simulations show that two pathways can generate sodic conditions. In soil between 45-cm depth and the drip tubing, Na from the irrigation water accumulates as evapotranspiration concentrates solutes. SAR values >12, measured by 1:1 water–soil extracts, are caused by concentration of solutes by factors up to 13. Low-EC (<0.7 mS cm−1) is caused by rain and snowmelt flushing the soil and displacing ions in soil solution. Soil below the drip tubing experiences lower solute concentration factors (1–1.65) due to excess irrigation water and also contains relatively abundant native gypsum (2.4 ± 1.7 wt.%). Geochemical simulations show gypsum dissolution decreases soil-water SAR to <7 and increases the EC to around 4.1 mS cm−1, thus limiting negative impacts from sodicity. With sustained irrigation, however, downward flow of excess irrigation water depletes gypsum, increasing soil-water SAR to >14 and decreasing EC in soil water to 3.2 mS cm−1. Increased sodicity in the subsurface, rather than the surface, indicates that deep SDI can be a viable means of irrigating with sodic waters. Published by Elsevier B.V.
The Use of LPC and Wavelet Transform for Influenza Disease Modeling

In this paper, we investigated the modeling of the pathological features of the influenza disease on the human speech. The presented work is novel research based on a real database and a new combination of previously used methods, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and linear prediction coding (LPC). Three verification system experiments, Normal/Influenza, Smokers/Influenza, and Normal/Smokers, were studied. For testing the proposed pathological system, several classification scores were calculated for the recorded database, from which we can see that the proposed method achieved very high scores, particularly for the Normal with Influenza verification system. The performance of the proposed system was also compared with other published recognition systems. The experiments of these schemes show that the proposed method is superior.
Disability and Rehabilitation Needs of Persons with Schizophrenia

Background: Schizophrenia is a major mental illness. It imposes significant disability which has a measurable impact on many aspects of a personâ€™s life. Rehabilitation need is a major aspect of needs of persons with schizophrenia. The present study intended to assess the disability in various areas of daily life of the persons with Schizophrenia as well as to assess the rehabilitation needs, perceived by them. Method and Materials: The present cross sectional institution based descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary care centre. Fifty individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken up for the study. The data was collected by administering Indian Disability Evaluation Assessment Scale (IDEAS) and Rehabilitation Needs Assessment Schedule (RNAS) after taking informed consent. Results: Results revealed that most of the persons with schizophrenia had mild level of disability with most disability in the area of interpersonal activities and least in the self care. Skills training were the most preferred area of rehabilitation needs followed by in finding employment, peopleâ€™s or familyâ€™s/friendâ€™s/ neighborâ€™s attitudes modification, providing help for families. Conclusion: This present study contributed to the knowledge of studied areas and given a new insight which can be use to plan and develop and psychosocial rehabilitation services. Keywords: Disability, need assessment, schizophrenia
How do People Choose Between Biased Information Sources? Evidence from a Laboratory Experiment

People in our experiment choose between two information sources with opposing biases in order to inform their guesses about a binary state. By varying the nature of the bias, we vary whether it is optimal to consult information sources biased towards or against prior beliefs. Even in our deliberately-abstract setting, there is strong evidence of confirmation-seeking and to a lesser extent contradiction-seeking heuristics leading people to choose information sources biased towards or against their priors. Analysis of post-experiment survey questions suggests that subjects follow these rules due to fundamental errors in reasoning about the relative informativeness of biased information sources. We would like to thank Larbi Alaoui, Giuseppe Attanasi, Pierpaolo Battagali, Roland Bénabou, Doug Bernheim, Juan Carrillo, Martin Dufwenberg, Benjamin Enke, Drew Fudenberg, Uri Gneezy, PJ Healy, Frank Heinemann, Steffen Huck, Muriel Niederle, Salvatore Nunnnari, Theo Offerman, Antonio Penta, Jacopo Perego, Collin Raymond, Julian Romero, Aldo Rustichini, Charles Sprenger, Séverine Toussaert, Emanuel Vespa, Georg Weizsäcker, Leeat Yariv, Florian Zimmermann and seminar participants at Bocconi, TU Berlin, University of Arizona, Chapman, Ohio State, Stanford, UCSD Rady, Princeton, University of Maryland, Lyon, Pompeu Fabra, UPenn, Columbia, USF, USC, PSE, NYU, Caltech, Oxford, ESA conferences in Berlin and Richmond, SITE, Predictive Game Theory conference at Northwestern, Munich Belief Workshop, CoCoLab Workshop in Nice, Workshop on Communication in Amsterdam and the Max Planck Laboratory Inaugural Conference at Bonn for helpful comments. Charness: Economics Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, charness@econ.ucsb.edu; Oprea: Economics Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, roprea@gmail.com; Yuksel: Economics Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, sevgi.yuksel@ucsb.edu.
Affirmative action policy in developing countries: Lessons learned and a way forward

There are several countries who have responded to concerns regarding historically disadvantaged groups, particularly ethnic and racial minorities and women, with not only anti-discrimination legislation, but also affirmative action policies. Although these policies are seemingly well intentioned, there continues to be little consensus about their actual impact. This paper seeks to examine the current state of the literature on one specific affirmative action policy, political reservation in India. The Indian constitution mandates seats be reserved at various levels of government for political representation of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and women. This paper discusses the existing inequalities across these groups, along with the basic theory behind political reservation in fixing these inequalities, while also recognizing that theory provides many channels through which affirmative action policy can impact a variety of outcomes. Thus we turn to the vast empirical literature on the topic to shed light on what can be learned from the Indian context and how future policy can be reformed and shaped based on these experiences.
Artificial Intelligence An approach for decision-making in crisis management

The interest in crisis management is increasing for some decades now, since researchers and organizations have realized that crises can endanger them severely and that all kinds of organization are potentially under the constant threat of crises. Artificial intelligence (AI) is also in the heart of the attention as some tasks, traditionally occupied by humans, are already replaced by AI agents, and the fast development achieves more and more promising results. As the core of AI, decision-making has been identified, which itself can also completely change the outcome of a crisis. Thus, the idea to explore the junction of these two fields in the light of decision-making processes appeared to be highly interesting. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is: first, to find out what is really important in decision-making processes in crisis management, second, to figure out abilities and limitations for human and artificial intelligences, and lastly, how artificial intelligence can affect important characteristics of decision-making processes in a foreseeable period of time. Putting all together led to the research question: How artificial intelligence can affect decision-making processes in crisis management? To guide these efforts, a qualitative method with an interpretivist approach has been chosen. Therefore, crisis experts (managers and consultants) and AI experts (researchers and developers) were interviewed. Also, notes were taken from a conference about artificial intelligence. As a result, it has been found out that speed and comprehensiveness are two crucial factors when making decisions in crisis situations. Additionally, empirical findings figured out that this approach needs to be extended by the two decision parameters shortand long-term effect as it is not just about decision-making itself, but also about the feasibility and future consequences of decisions made. A model for ‘successful decision-making in crisis situations’ could be developed and the roles of intuition and rationality as well as abilities and limitations were clarified for both, human and artificial intelligence. Based on this understanding, artificial and human intelligence could have been placed within our model, showing the complement nature of them. Finally, an exploratory answer to the research question could be derived, presented as short-, medium-, and longterm perspectives. Even though crisis management can be expected to be one of the last organizational fields invested by AI, the results show that there are great benefits of applying AI in crisis management, leading in a high potential that AI will change the picture dramatically.
Detection of optical coronal emission from 106-K gas in the core of the Centaurus cluster

We report a detection (3:5 × 10 37 ± 5:6 × 10 36 ergs −1 ) of the optical coronal emission line [Fe X]�6374 and upper limits of four other coronal lines using high resolution VIMOS spectra centred on NGC 4696, the brightest cluster galaxy in the Centaurus cluster. Emission from these lines is indicative of gas at temperatures between 1 and 5 million K so traces the interstellar gas in NGC 4696. The rate of cooling derived from the upper limits is consistent
Climate Trends Impact on the Snowfall Regime in Mediterranean Mountain Areas: Future Scenario Assessment in Sierra Nevada (Spain)

Snow constitutes a key component of the water cycle, which is directly affected by changes in climate. Mountainous regions, especially those located in semiarid environments, are highly vulnerable to shifts from snowfall to rainfall. This study evaluates the influence of future climate scenarios on the snowfall regime in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, an Alpine/Mediterranean climate region in southern Spain. Precipitation and temperature projections from two future climate scenarios representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5, Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (AR5 IPCC)) were used to estimate the projected evolution of the snowfall regime on both annual and decadal scales during the period of 2006–2100. Specific snowfall descriptors of torrentiality are also analyzed. A general decrease of the annual snowfall was estimated, with a significant trend that ranged from 0.21 to 0.55 (mm·year−1)·year−1. These changes are dependent on the scenario and region in the study area. However, the major impact of future climate scenarios on the snowfall regime relates to an increased torrentiality of snowfall occurrence, with a decreased trend of the annual number of snowfall days (RCP 4.5: −0.068 (days·year−1)·year−1 and RCP 8.5: −0.111 (days·year−1)·year−1) and an increased trend in the annual mean snowfall intensity (RCP 4.5: 0.006 (mm·days−1)·year−1 and RCP8.5: 0.01 (mm·days−1)·year−1)) under both scenarios. This enhanced torrentiality is heterogeneously distributed, with the most semiarid region, which is currently the one least influenced by snow, being the region most affected within the study area.
Hölder Homeomorphisms and Approximate Nearest Neighbors

We study bi-Hölder homeomorphisms between the unit spheres of finite-dimensional normed spaces and use them to obtain better data structures for the high-dimensional Approximate Near Neighbor search (ANN) in general normed spaces. Our main structural result is a finite-dimensional quantitative version of the following theorem of Daher (1993) and Kalton (unpublished). Every d-dimensional normed space X admits a small perturbation Y such that there is a bi-Holder homeomorphism with good parameters between the unit spheres of Y and Z, where Z is a space that is close to ℓ_2^d. Furthermore, the bulk of this article is devoted to obtaining an algorithm to compute the above homeomorphism in time polynomial in d. Along the way, we show how to compute efficiently the norm of a given vector in a space obtained by the complex interpolation between two normed spaces. We demonstrate that, despite being much weaker than bi-Lipschitz embeddings, such homeomorphisms can be efficiently utilized for the ANN problem. Specifically, we give two new data structures for ANN over a general d-dimensional normed space, which for the first time achieve approximation d^o(1), thus improving upon the previous general bound O(sqrtd) that is directly implied by John's theorem.
Seletividade de herbicidas em mudas pré-brotadas de cana-de-açúcar

Herbicides are expected to show selectivity towards cultivated plants, i.e., they ought to control weeds without jeopardizing the development and productivity of crops. The objective of this project was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides applied in pre-planting of three sugar cane cultivars which were planted according to the system of pre-budded seedlings (PBS) under climatic natural conditions, between September and November of 2013. The experiment was set according to a completely random design with four replications. The treatments were distributed according to a factorial scheme of 3 × 8, in which factor A was the cultivar (CTC14, CTC7, and RB966928), and factor B was the herbicide (in g.ha-1): S-metolachlor (2,640), clomazone (1,000), sulfentrazone (800), diclosulam (200), metribuzin (1,920), diuron + hexazione (1,170 + 330), S-metolachlor + sulfentrazone (2,640 + 800), and a no treatment. The visual symptoms of intoxication were evaluated 14, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 63 days after application (DAA), the height and number of tillers 14, 35, 49, 56, and 63 DAA, the dry weight of shoot (DWS), and the dry weight of root (DWR) 63 DAA. Under the conditions of the experiment, the herbicides S-metolachlor, clomazone, metribuzin, diuron + hexazinone, and S-metolachlor + sulfentrazone were selective towards the presprouted sugar-cane plantlets. Diclosulam was the less selective herbicide, followed by sulfentrazone. Cultivar CTC14 was visually the less tolerant to the herbicides diclosulam and sulfentrazone.