Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of motion direction, body axis, and posture on motion sickness induced by low frequency linear oscillation.

BACKGROUND A recent experiment demonstrated that low frequency linear oscillation through the Z-axis of the body was more nauseogenic when applied in the vertical direction, with subjects seated upright, than in the horizontal direction, with subjects supine. HYPOTHESIS The nauseogenicity of low frequency linear oscillatory motion is dependent on direction of motion with respect to the gravity vector, orientation of body axis with respect to motion, and body posture. METHODS The following conditions were compared: A) seated upright, with horizontal motion, X-axis; B) seated upright, with vertical motion, Z-axis; and C) supine, with vertical motion, X-axis. Sinusoidal motion at 0.35 Hz, 3.6 m.s-2 peak was used in all conditions. Two experiments were performed. In Experiment 1 subjects (n = 28) were exposed to conditions A and B. In Experiment 2 subjects (n = 12) were exposed to conditions A, B and C. RESULTS Horizontal motion (condition A) was found to be twice as nauseogenic (p < 0.05 to p < 0.0001) as vertical motion (condition B), but there was no difference in nauseogenicity between upright and supine postures for vertical motion (condition B vs. C). Mean motion exposure times to achieve moderate nausea were: Experiment 1: A) 9.0 min.; B) 22.4 min.; Experiment 2: A) 15.3 min.; B) 27.1 min.; C) 22.5 min. CONCLUSIONS These results, taken together with those of the previous experiment, suggest that upright vs. supine body posture and stimulation through X- vs. Z-axis, both enhance the nauseogenicity of low frequency linear oscillation, these effects are additive, but that motion direction with respect to the gravity vector (horizontal vs. vertical) is a less important factor.
INO-1001 A NOVEL POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE (PARP) INHIBITOR IMPROVES CARDIAC AND PULMONARY FUNCTION AFTER CRYSTALLOID CARDIOPLEGIA AND EXTRACORPORAL CIRCULATION

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation plays a key role in free radical–induced injury in the context of systemic inflammation and ischemia/reperfusion. In the present preclinical study, we investigated the effects of INO-1001, a novel PARP inhibitor, on cardiac and pulmonary function during reperfusion in an experimental model of cardioplegic arrest and extracorporal circulation. Twelve anesthetized dogs underwent hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. After 60 min of hypothermic cardiac arrest, reperfusion was started after application of either saline vehicle (control, n = 6), or INO-1001 (1 mg/kg), a potent PARP inhibitor (n = 6). Biventricular hemodynamic variables were measured by combined pressure-volume-conductance catheters. Coronary and pulmonary blood flow and vasodilative responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside as well as pulmonary gas exchange were also determined. The administration of INO-1001 led to a significantly better recovery of left and right ventricular systolic function (P < 0.05) after 60 min of reperfusion. Coronary blood flow was also significantly higher in the INO-1001 group (P < 0.05). Although the vasodilative response to sodium nitroprusside was similar in both groups, acetylcholine resulted in a significantly greater increase in coronary and pulmonary blood flow in the INO-1001 group (P < 0.05). Pulmonary function in terms of alveolar arterial oxygen difference was better preserved in the INO-1001–treated group (P < 0.05). Thus, PARP inhibition improves the recovery of myocardial and endothelial function after hypothermic cardiac arrest and reduces pulmonary injury associated with extracorporal circulation.
Developmentally regulated expression of embigin, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily found in embryonal carcinoma cells.

Embigin is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily found in embryonal carcinoma cells. The present study deals with embigin gene expression in adult and embryonic cells. By RNA blot analyses, high levels of embigin mRNA were detected in embryonal carcinoma cells with different differentiation potentials, namely F9 and PCC4 cells. Similar or slightly higher levels of the RNA were detected in the embryonic and extraembryonic portions of 9-day mouse embryos. When F9 cells were induced to differentiate by treatment with retinoic acid and dibutyryl cyclic AMP for 2-5 days, the RNA level increased significantly. On the other hand, embigin mRNA dramatically dropped to almost background levels in embryos, from 11 days postcoitus (p.c.). Many organs of adult mice expressed only low levels of embigin mRNA, but considerable amounts of the transcript were found in the ovary and also in the uterus of pregnant mice (4 days p.c. and 12 days p.c.). In situ hybridization experiments revealed large amounts of embigin RNA in the embryo from 7 to 9 days p.c. The visceral endoderm of 7-day embryos, and the brain, visceral yolk sac and presumptive foregut of 9-day embryos were the sites where intense signals of embigin RNA were localized.
ABVD versus modified stanford V versus MOPPEBVCAD with optional and limited radiotherapy in intermediate- and advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma: final results of a multicenter randomized trial by the Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi.

PURPOSE In this multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial on advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), the efficacy and toxicity of two chemotherapy regimens, doxorubicin, vinblastine, mechlorethamine, vincristine, bleomycin, etoposide, and prednisone (Stanford V) and mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone, epidoxirubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, lomustine, doxorubicin, and vindesine (MOPPEBVCAD), were compared with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) as standard therapy to select which regimen would best support a reduced radiotherapy program, which was limited to < or = two sites of either previous bulky or partially remitting disease (a modification of the original Stanford program). PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred fifty-five patients with stage IIB, III, or IV HL were randomly assigned. Three hundred thirty-four patients were assessable for the study and received six cycles of ABVD (n = 122), three cycles of Stanford V (n = 107), or six cycles of MOPPEBVCAD (n = 106); radiotherapy was administered to 76, 71, and 50 patients in these three arms, respectively. RESULTS The complete response rates for ABVD, Stanford V, and MOPPEBVCAD were 89%, 76% and 94%, respectively; 5-year failure-free survival (FFS) and progression-free survival rates were 78%, 54%, 81% and 85%, 73%, and 94%, respectively (P < .01 for comparison of Stanford V with the other two regimens). Corresponding 5-year overall survival rates were 90%, 82%, and 89% for ABVD, Stanford V, and MOPPEBVCAD, respectively. Stanford V was more myelotoxic than ABVD but less myelotoxic than MOPPEBVCAD, which had larger reductions in the prescribed drug doses. CONCLUSION When associated with conditioned and limited (not adjuvant) radiotherapy, ABVD and MOPPEBVCAD were superior to Stanford V chemotherapy in terms of response rate and FFS and progression-free survival. Patients were irradiated less often after MOPPEBVCAD, but this regimen was more toxic. ABVD is still the best choice when it is combined with optional, limited irradiation.
Permafrost thaw induced drying of wetlands at Scotty Creek, NWT, Canada

Northwestern Canada is one of the most rapidly warming regions on Earth. The scale and rapidity of recently observed warming-induced changes throughout this region indicate that it is particularly sensitive to climate warming and capable of rapid responses to perturbations. Unprecedented rates of permafrost thaw in the zone of discontinuous permafrost are transforming forests to wetlands, and changing the distribution and routing of water over the landscape as evidenced by recent increases in basin discharge. However, the impact of increasing basin discharge on basin water storage is not well understood. Water levels on a permafrost plateau, channel fen, and isolated and connected bogs were monitored from 2003–2017 in the Scotty Creek watershed, Northwest Territories. The water level in the channel fen did not significantly change over the period of study, sustained by inputs from the increasingly-connected network of bogs as permafrost barriers thawed. Bogs with varying levels of connection to the drainage network released from storage between 40 and 53 mm of water over the study period. The water level in the monitored isolated bog did not significantly change over this period. Estimates of moisture contributions derived directly from vertical permafrost thaw and from the lateral expansion of contributing areas account for 90% of the observed cumulative increase of 1043 mm in basin runoff between 1998–2012, leaving 109 mm of this increase unaccounted for. Increasing connectivity to the drainage network and transient wetland drainage at the landscape scale resulted from permafrost thaw-induced talik development. The similarity between the magnitude of wetland drainage and that of enhanced runoff suggests that increased connectivity of wetlands to the drainage network may contribute to increasing runoff from the Scotty Creek watershed. Permafrost thaw-induced land cover transition was found to have both short and long-term effects on runoff generation.
Can Countries Manage Their Financial Conditions Amid Globalization?

This paper examines the evolving importance of common global components underlying domestic financial conditions. It develops financial conditions indices (FCIs) that make it possible to compare a large set of advanced and emerging market economies. It finds that a common component, “global financial conditions,” accounts for about 20 percent to 40 percent of the variation in countries’ domestic FCIs, with notable heterogeneity across countries. Its importance, however, does not seem to have increased markedly over the past two decades. Global financial conditions loom large, but evidence suggests that, on average, countries still appear to hold considerable sway over their own financial conditions—specifically, through monetary policy. Nevertheless, the rapid speed at which foreign shocks affect domestic financial conditions may also make it difficult to react in a timely and effective manner, if deemed necessary.
Who Needs Grief Counseling? A Report from the Scott & White Grief Study

Cluster analysis was performed on a diverse group of 69 non-clinical grievers whose loved ones died between 12–40 months prior to the study. Based on psychometric measures of both bereavement distress and growth, three distinct clusters emerged: High Grief (high distress—low growth; n = 16); High Growth (low distress—high growth; n = 32); and Low Impact (low distress—low growth; n = 21). Discriminant function analyses showed that the High Grief cluster differed robustly from the other two groups on several measures of grief adaptation and coping; the differences between the High Growth and Low Impact clusters were less pronounced. High Grief participants sought grief counseling significantly more often whereas the Low Impact grievers preferred medicinal help for symptoms if they sought any professional assistance at all. When High Growth participants sought counseling, they seemed to focus on growth-oriented dimensions rather than mere symptom relief. Of the 11 participants who sought grief counseling for their loss, 10 (91%) found the experience to be helpful. Findings are discussed in the context of meta-analytic studies of the effectiveness of grief counseling.
Evaluating the Effect of the Introduction of the Euro on Tourist Flows: A Synthetic Control Approach

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the introduction of the euro on bilateral outflows of tourism among European Monetary Union (EMU) countries in the period 2002&#8211;13. Descriptive statistics indicate heterogeneous paths in tourism flows, arising from several potential drivers. In order to analyse this observed heterogeneity, we use the synthetic control method, which does not require a large set of independent variables and allows for the development of separate analyses for each country. Results indicate that the introduction of the euro favoured tourism flows within EMU countries compared to flows between EMU and non&#8208;EMU countries in three (Belgium, Italy, and Spain) out of the 10 considered countries. These findings underline the presence of significant heterogeneity and emphasise the importance of non&#8208;parametric methods in understanding the effect of EMU.
Host‐cell cyclophilin is important for the intracellular replication of Leishmania major

The antiparasitic effects of cyclosporin A were examined in leishmanial infection by analysing the role of CsA‐binding proteins (cyclophilins) in the host–parasite interaction. We hypothesized that the leishmanicidal effects of CsA on Leishmania major infected macrophages might be mediated through a cyclophilin of either the parasite or the host cell. Two cyclophilins (20 and 22 kDa) were purified from L. major parasites and N‐terminally sequenced. Although enzyme activity of these cyclophilins was inhibited by CsA, pretreatment of L. major parasites with CsA did not result in reduction of a subsequent macrophage infection, arguing against a role of L. major cyclophilins as infectivity potentiators. However, host‐cell cyclophilin A (CypA) was found to be critically involved in the intracellular replication of L. major parasites in murine macrophages. An antisense oligonucleotide to murine CypA was constructed and added to cultures of peritoneal macrophages prior to infection with L. major parasites. This treatment strongly reduced the expression of CypA in macrophages and resulted in the inhibition of the intracellular replication of L. major amastigotes. These data indicate that interaction of amastigotes with host‐cell cyclophilin is an important part of the intracellular replication machinery of L. major and define, for the first time, a direct involvement of a cyclophilin in the survival strategies of an intracellular parasite.
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging of Sentinel Lymph Nodes After Peritumoral Administration of Sonazoid in a Melanoma Tumor Animal Model

The purpose of this study was to compare lymphosonography (ie, contrast‐enhanced ultrasound imaging [US] after interstitial injection of a US contrast agent) for the detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in swine with naturally occurring melanoma tumors to lymphoscintigraphy using blue dye‐guided surgical dissection as the reference standard. Also, we sought to determine if lymphosonography can be used to characterize SLNs.
The psychology of rheumatic diseases.

Most chronic rheumatological disorders require major psychological adaptation, and levels of psychological distress among those with rheumatological disease have been found to be higher than in the general population. Research suggests that the relationship between disease severity, disablement and psychological well-being is not simple. This chapter highlights the complex nature of this relationship and will indicate, in particular, how psychological factors can impact on patients' perceptions of their symptoms and physical functioning. Psychological concepts that may mediate between the disease and its consequences are also discussed. A range of psychosocial interventions have been developed for individuals with rheumatological disorders. Most have related to rheumatoid arthritis, and although their primary focus has usually been on alleviating pain and improving physical functioning, this chapter examines their impact on psychological well-being. It also discusses a number of methodological issues that need to be addressed in this area of work.
Functional neck dissection: An evaluation and review of 843 cases

After briefly reviewing the principles, indications, and merits of functional neck dissection, the results of 1200 neck dissections performed on 843 patients in the period 1961‐1979 are presented. They compare very favorably with those reported for classic (radical) neck dissection by other leading authors; however, a retrospective analysis of data derived from material of different origin is hardly possible and has a disputable value. Therefore, we decided to compare our data on functional neck dissections (FND) with those of classic neck dissections (CND) performed by the same surgical team at the same clinic in the period 1948‐1960.
Use of a Human-Like Low-Grade Bacteremia Model of Experimental Endocarditis To Study the Role of Staphylococcus aureus Adhesins and Platelet Aggregation in Early Endocarditis

ABSTRACT Animal models of infective endocarditis (IE) induced by high-grade bacteremia revealed the pathogenic roles of Staphylococcus aureus surface adhesins and platelet aggregation in the infection process. In humans, however, S. aureus IE possibly occurs through repeated bouts of low-grade bacteremia from a colonized site or intravenous device. Here we used a rat model of IE induced by continuous low-grade bacteremia to explore further the contributions of S. aureus virulence factors to the initiation of IE. Rats with aortic vegetations were inoculated by continuous intravenous infusion (0.0017 ml/min over 10 h) with 106 CFU of Lactococcus lactis pIL253 or a recombinant L. lactis strain expressing an individual S. aureus surface protein (ClfA, FnbpA, BCD, or SdrE) conferring a particular adhesive or platelet aggregation property. Vegetation infection was assessed 24 h later. Plasma was collected at 0, 2, and 6 h postinoculation to quantify the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. The percentage of vegetation infection relative to that with strain pIL253 (11%) increased when binding to fibrinogen was conferred on L. lactis (ClfA strain) (52%; P = 0.007) and increased further with adhesion to fibronectin (FnbpA strain) (75%; P < 0.001). Expression of fibronectin binding alone was not sufficient to induce IE (BCD strain) (10% of infection). Platelet aggregation increased the risk of vegetation infection (SdrE strain) (30%). Conferring adhesion to fibrinogen and fibronectin favored IL-1β and IL-6 production. Our results, with a model of IE induced by low-grade bacteremia, resembling human disease, extend the essential role of fibrinogen binding in the initiation of S. aureus IE. Triggering of platelet aggregation or an inflammatory response may contribute to or promote the development of IE.
Consumption and Portfolio Choice under Internal Multiplicative Habit Formation

This paper explores the optimal consumption and investment behavior of an individual who derives utility from the ratio between his consumption and an endogenous habit. We obtain closed-form policies under general utility functionals and stochastic investment opportunities by developing a nontrivial linearization to the budget constraint. This enables us to explicitly characterize how habit formation affects the marginal propensity to consume and optimal stock–bond investments. We also show that in a setting that combines habit formation with Epstein–Zin utility, consumption no longer grows at unrealistically high rates at high ages and investments in risky assets decrease.
Effect of accelerated aging and priming on seed germination of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars

Present study was conducted to invigorate of the deteriorated rapeseed seeds (exposed to 40oC and 100% RH at 48 and 96 h) by seed priming with KH 2PO 4 (�0.625 MPa) and CaCl 2 (�1.25 MPa) in three rapeseed cultivars (RGS, 'Hyola 401' and 'Pacific'). All priming treatments resulted to vigor enhancement compared to control (except in Germination Uniformity trait). Priming by KH 2PO 4 was effective than CaCl 2 in reducing the electrolyte leakage, MGT and increase in GP, SL, RL, SDW, RDW, SVI, GI, R in aged seeds of all cultivars. The results of this research showed that use of KH 2PO 4 for priming enhances seed germination and seedling growth of rapeseed under difference aging levels.
Cerebrospinal fluid F2‐isoprostane levels are increased in Alzheimer's disease

Postmortem studies have associated Alzheimer's disease (AD) with regionally increased oxidative damage to brain. Lacking, however, is a specific marker of oxidative damage to brain that may be measured during life. We tested the hypothesis that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of F2‐isoprostanes (F2‐IsoPs), stable products of arachidonate peroxidation, are increased in CSF of AD patients. CSF from lateral ventricles (VF) was analyzed from 11 AD patients and 11 control subjects who participated in a rapid autopsy program. VF F2‐IsoP concentrations were significantly elevated in AD patients compared with control subjects (72 ± 7 vs 46 ± 4 pg/ml) and were significantly linearly correlated with brain weight (–0.3 pg/ml/g, r2 = 0.32). These results suggest that quantification of CSF F2‐IsoP concentrations may provide a useful biomarker of central nervous system oxidative damage in AD.
Sleeping with competitors

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the specific types of coopetition between small and medium-sized craft breweries and related businesses, as well as its drivers and outcomes.Design/methodology/approachQualitative research was carried out using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 18 different small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) combined with site visits and secondary data analysis.FindingsThe results reveal that craft breweries are engaging in coopetition in several different ways. Mutual benefit, trust, commitment, and sympathy are the crucial drivers for coopetition; whereas innovation development, market reach and marketing, as well as firm growth represent the key shared outcomes of coopetition.Research limitations/implicationsThis study suffers from two main limitations, including the focus on coopetition of craft breweries operating in German-speaking countries only and the risk of subjectivity in analysis and interpretation due to the qualitative, explorative nature of the research.Originality/valueThe findings reveal insights into the uniqueness of SMEs – specifically craft brewers – regarding coopetition, which is currently of strong cooperative nature. This study completes prior coopetition knowledge by revealing the importance of coopetition for small, micro and resource-constrained firms operating in dynamic and innovative but traditional (here craft) industries; presenting the cooperation-based type of coopetition as a good competition strategy under fierce competition from large, more established and global business rivals; and identifying sympathy as an important coopetition driver.
Potential Anticancer Mechanisms of a Novel EGFR/DNA-Targeting Combi-Molecule (JDF12) against DU145 Prostate Cancer Cells: An iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis

The development of multitargeting drugs is an emerging trend in cancer research. To promote further development and clinical application of multitargeting drugs, this research was performed. MTT assay and flow cytometry of Annexin V/propidium iodide staining were used to confirm the proapoptotic efficacy of a novel combi-targeting molecule, JDF12, against DU145 prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Differentially expressed proteins between control and JDF12-treated cultures were revealed by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), and part of them was confirmed by quantitative PCR. Differentially expressed proteins were further analyzed for function, pathway association, and protein−protein interactions using GO, KEGG, and STRING databases. A total of 119 differentially expressed proteins, 70 upregulated and 49 downregulated, were implicated in the anticancer effects of JDF12. Many of these proteins are involved in biosynthesis, response to stress, energy metabolism, and signal transduction. This study provides important information for understanding the anti-PCa mechanisms of JDF12, and well-designed combi-targeting drugs may possess stronger anticancer efficacy than single-targeting drugs and are thus promising candidates for clinical application.