Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What happens to parents with intellectual disability following removal of their child in child protection proceedings?

As we move forward to support people with intellectual disability to participate in all facets of society they, like us, become subject to societal rules and regulations in all aspects of their lives. Nowhere is this more keenly felt than in the child protection arena. Studies from the United States, Britain, and Australia all point to parents with intellectual disability being overrepresented in proportion to their numbers in the care and protection system. For example, in Australia almost 1 in 10 cases brought before the children’s court featured a parent with intellectual disability (Llewellyn, McConnell, & Ferronato, 2003). In comparison to population estimates of less than 1% (McConnell, Llewellyn, & Ferronato, 2000), this is a significantly greater overrepresentation compared to parents with psychiatric disability, or substance abuse issues. This heightened presence in care and protection proceedings leads, not surprisingly, to these parents being at greater risk than any other parent of losing parental custody of their child (Booth & Booth, 2004; Booth, Booth, & McConnell, 2004; Llewellyn, McConnell, & Ferronato, 2003). Despite over a decade of parent education research demonstrating that people with intellectual disability can and do learn to be more than adequate parents, the view expressed by Accardo and Whitman in 1990 remains widely held: that is, that people with intellectual disability are unlikely to be good enough parents and that they are unlikely to be able to learn to parent appropriately. There is good evidence that the decision to remove a child from parents with intellectual disability is more likely to be based on prejudicial views about the capabilities of these parents than on evidence of child neglect or maltreatment (Booth, Booth, & McConnell, 2004; Hayman, 1990; Llewellyn, McConnell, & Ferronato, 2003; Taylor et al., 1991). It is unlikely that every parent with intellectual disability comes under the scrutiny of the care and protection system. That many do is evident in the figures from a number of countries that report between 30 and 40% of the children of parents with intellectual disability are removed from their parents’ care and placed in protective custody, in foster care, or in a residential setting (Accardo & Whitman, 1990; Mirfin-Veitch, Bray, Williams, Clarkson, & Belton, 1999; Pixa-Kettner, 1998). Recent developments, particularly in the United Kingdom and Australia, in seeking permanent placement for children away from their parents earlier rather than later means that many of these children will not be reunited with their parents. As long as the prevalent attitude of current and future parental incompetence continues to exist, having a child taken away – permanently – remains a real possibility for many parents with intellectual disability. In this Opinions and Perspectives piece we
Dietary Evidence of Mesopelagic and Pelagic Foraging by Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) during Autumn Migrations to the Iceland Basin

Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT; Thunnus thynnus) is a large highly mobile predator fish species in the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Knowledge of its trophic role in marine food webs in summer feeding areas is presently based on recent (1980s-2010s) sampling in the Bay of Biscay, Gulfs of Maine and St. Lawrence, and from historical (1950s-1960s) sampling in the Norwegian-North Sea-Kattegat. No study has yet investigated the diets of ABFT in Icelandic waters, where it supported an experimental fishery during 1996-2005, nor in any region north of the Bay of Biscay since the 1960s. However north Atlantic temperatures and fish species distributions, including some ABFT prey species (e. g., mackerel) have been changing in the 2000s. New knowledge of ABFT diets in previously understudied parts of the species range will be useful for understanding factors affecting the trophic role, migration behavior and bioenergetics of ABFT. Here we report the dietary composition of ABFT during autumn migrations to the Iceland Basin south of the continental shelf of Iceland. A total of 36 prey species or higher taxa were observed in 421 stomach samples: 17 teleost fishes, 4 squid, 1 octopus, 11 crustaceans and 2 other invertebrate species. The most important prey species European flying squid (Todarodes sagittatus) (%N=16.70, %W=48.89; %FO=87.65), barracudinas (Paralepididae) (%N=14.05, %W=28.59, %FO=76.48) and gonate squid (Gonatus sp.) (%N=9.17, %W=7.85, %FO=75.06). Prey sizes were highly variable relative to ABFT sizes indicating highly opportunistic feeding on diverse sizes. The presence of a large proportion of mesopelagic species in the diet indicates feeding in the mesopelagic layer and extensive dive behavior. These results give new baseline knowledge for future comparison with anticipated oceanographic-biological changes in the region in the coming decades and can be used to help parameterize new models of ABFT migration behavior and trophic role.
The ecology and age structure of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus outbreak in wild mute swans

SUMMARY The first UK epizootic of highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 influenza in wild birds occurred in 2008, in a population of mute swans that had been the subject of ornithological study for decades. Here we use an innovative combination of ornithological, phylogenetic and immunological approaches to investigate the ecology and age structure of HP H5N1 in nature. We screened samples from swans and waterbirds using PCR and sequenced HP H5N1-positive samples. The outbreak's origin was investigated by linking bird count data with a molecular clock analysis of sampled virus sequences. We used ringing records to reconstruct the age-structure of outbreak mortality, and we estimated the age distribution of prior exposure to avian influenza. Outbreak mortality was low and all HP H5N1-positive mute swans in the affected population were <3 years old. Only the youngest age classes contained an appreciable number of individuals with no detectable antibody responses to viral nucleoprotein. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the outbreak strain circulated locally for ∼1 month before detection and arrived when the immigration rate of migrant waterbirds was highest. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that HP H5N1 epizootics in wild swans exhibit limited mortality due to immune protection arising from previous exposure. Our study population may represent a valuable resource for investigating the natural ecology and epidemiology of avian influenza.
A model of the precaution adoption process: evidence from home radon testing.

We present the precaution adoption process model--a stage theory consisting of seven distinct states between ignorance and completed preventive action. The stages are "unaware of the issue," "aware of the issue but not personally engaged," "engaged and deciding what to do," "planning to act but not yet having acted," "having decided not to act," "acting," and "maintenance. " The theory asserts that these stages represent qualitatively different patterns of behavior, beliefs, and experience and that the factors that produce transitions between stages vary depending on the specific transition being considered. Data from seven studies of home radon testing are examined to test some of the claims made by this model. Stage theories of protective behavior are contrasted with theories that see precaution adoption in terms of movement along a single continuum of action likelihood.
Postnatally acquired cytomegalovirus infection in preterm infants: a prospective study on risk factors and cranial ultrasound findings

Objective To study risk factors and cranial ultrasound (cUS) findings in a large cohort of preterm infants, admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit and diagnosed with postnatally acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Study design This prospective, observational study was performed from April 2007 until June 2009 among 315 infants born <32 weeks of gestation. Postnatal CMV infection was diagnosed by CMV PCR on urine collected at term-equivalent age. In CMV-positive infants, congenital infection was excluded. The authors compared the clinical and demographic data, feeding pattern and cUS results of infected and non-infected patients. Logistic regression analysis was performed. Results In 39 of 315 infants, the diagnosis of postnatal CMV infection has been made. The majority of CMV-infected infants (33/39.85%) did not develop any symptoms of CMV infection. The most important, independent risk factors of postnatal CMV infection were non-native Dutch maternal origin (OR 9.6 (95% CI 4.3 to 21.5)) and breast milk (OR 13.2 (95% CI 1.7 to 104.5)). The risk of infection significantly increased in infants with lower gestational age (GA) (OR 0.7 (95% CI 0.5 to 0.9)). Lenticulostriate vasculopathy (LSV) was significantly more often present in infants with CMV infection (OR 4.1 (95% CI 1.9 to 8.8)). Conclusions Postnatal CMV infection is an asymptomatic infection among preterm infants. Infants with lower GA are at greatest risk of postnatal CMV infection, especially when fed with fresh breast milk from their non-native Dutch mother. LSV not present at birth but confirmed at term-equivalent age can suggest a postnatal CMV infection.
IGF‐I and IGF‐II in relation to colorectal cancer

Recent data suggest that the IGF system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several forms of human cancer, and there is evidence that IGFs acting in an autocrine and paracrine manner may also affect colorectal cancer risk. We have conducted a case‐control study on the island of Crete, Greece, to examine the potential relation between circulating IGF‐I and ‐II and their major binding protein (IGF‐BP3), on the one hand, and colorectal cancer, on the other. IGF‐I, IGF‐II and IGF‐BP3 were determined in the serum from 41 patients with colorectal cancer and 50 healthy controls; data were analyzed using unconditional multiple logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender, education, height and BMI, as well as mutually. Both IGF‐I and IGF‐II were positively, while IGF‐BP3 was inversely, associated with risk for colorectal cancer, though none of these relations reached statistical significance. However, individuals with IGF‐I and –II values in the upper 2 tertiles of the respective distributions had a significantly elevated odds ratio for colorectal cancer (OR = 5.2, 95% confidence interval 1.0–26.8) compared with those in the lower tertile in both distributions. Our results provide evidence that high levels of circulating IGF‐I and ‐II might be associated with colorectal cancer. Int. J. Cancer 83:15–17, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative Plasma Hypermethylated DNA Markers of Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Purpose: Gene-specific methylation is common in primary undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). DNA released from apoptotic or necrotic cell death including those aberrantly methylated promoter DNA of cancer cells is absorbed into the circulation as cell-free plasma DNA of the patient. This study aims at evaluation of the potential use of methylated gene promoter DNA as a serological tumor marker of primary and potentially salvageable local or nodal recurrent NPC. Experimental Design: The quantity of plasma hypermethylated gene promoters of CDH1, DAPK1, p15, p16, RASSF1A, and MLH1 of 41 NPC patients before treatment and 43 normal individuals were studied using real-time quantitative PCR. The post-treatment plasma hypermethylated CDH1, DAPK1,and p16were also measured in 13 NPC patients with locoregional recurrence and 17 patients in remission. Results: Concentrations of cell-free circulating DNA were significantly higher in NPC patients than normal controls (28.79 ng/ml versus 16.57 ng/ml, respectively). There was no significant difference in plasma DNA concentration of EBV-positive and -negative normal individuals. Methylated DNA was detectable in plasma of NPC patients before treatment including 46% for CDH1,42% for p16,20% for DAPK1,20% for p15,and 5% for RASSF1A.Hypermethylated MLH1was not detected in plasma of all of the NPC patients and normal individuals. Aberrantly hypermethylated promoter DNA of at least one of the five genes was detectable in 29 of 41 (71%) plasma of NPC patients before treatment. Hypermethylated promoter DNA of at least one of the three genes (CDH1, DAPK1, and p16) was detectable in post-treatment plasma of 5 of 13 (38%) recurrent NPC patients and none of the patients in remission. Conclusions: Our results suggested that cell-free circulating methylated gene promoter DNA is a possibly useful serological marker in assisting in screening of primary and potentially salvageable local or regional recurrent NPC.
Parcours de soins périnatals et grande précarité : expérience du réseau solipam (Solidarité Paris Maman Île-de-France)

La grande precarite psychosociale ne fait que croitre en Ile-de‑France depuis quinze ans, touchant de plus en plus de femmes enceintes et d’enfants. Declaration de grossesse tardive, moindre recours au diagnostic prenatal, peu ou pas d’acces a l’entretien prenatal precoce et a la preparation a la naissance, non-prise en compte de la precarite sociale comme un veritable facteur de risque medical dans les protocoles de soins… la non-conformite du suivi de grossesse s’ajoute aux risques somatiques, physiques et psychologiques de la grande exclusion pour faire de ces situations perinatales des cas cliniques complexes qui menacent la sante des femmes et des enfants concernes. Cette question de sante publique mobilise tous les acteurs du reseau solipam (Solidarite Paris Maman idf), reseau regional de sante perinatalite/grande precarite, dans une meme volonte d’integrer les risques environnementaux dans le projet de soins perinatals de la mere et de son enfant.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with suicidal ideation among adolescents in Malaysia

Abstract Background: Suicidal ideation, defined as thoughts, ideas and the desire to commit suicide, is becoming a major public health problem among adolescents. Indeed, suicidal ideation is known as a key predictor of future suicide risk. Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with suicidal ideation among adolescents in Malaysia. Methods: This study used data from the 2013 Malaysian adolescent health risk behavior (MyAHRB) study, a cross-sectional school survey conducted in Peninsular Malaysia among school-going adolescents aged 16–17 years (n=2789). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors associated with suicidal ideation among Malaysian adolescents. Results: The overall prevalence of suicidal ideation among the adolescents was 6.2%. The prevalence was significantly higher among females than males (7.6% vs. 4.7%; p=0.002). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that adolescents who were females [odds ratio (OR)=2.02; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40–2.92] or of Indian ethnicity (OR=2.32; 95% CI: 1.35–3.98) were more likely to report suicidal ideation. Loneliness (OR=2.54; 95% CI: 1.57–4.11), anxiety or worry (OR=2.70; 95% CI: 1.70–4.31), no close friends (OR=2.71; 95% CI: 1.43–5.14), and lack of supportive peers (OR=1.69; 95% CI: 1.15–2.47) were identified as risk factors for adolescents’ suicidal ideation. Adolescents who ever had sexual intercourse (OR=2.70; 95% CI: 1.48–4.92) and had been in a physical fight (OR=2.45; 95% CI: 1.62–3.70) were also reported to have higher risks of suicidal ideation. Conclusion: This study provides evidence on risk factors associated with suicidal ideation among Malaysian adolescents. Targeted mental health and health risk behavioral interventions for high-risk adolescents are recommended.
Progression of a Cystic Pancreatic Lesion During Pregnancy

Context Mucinous cystic neoplasms are cystic lesions of the pancreas with a relevant risk to progress to invasive cancer. Mucinous cystic neoplasms are characterized by the presence of an ovarian-like stroma and its almost exclusive occurrence in women. Case report Here we report the case of a 41-year old patient with a known cystic lesion that became symptomatic briefly after pregnancy. A pancreatic left resection was carried out and histopathology revealed mucinous cystic neoplasms with expression of estrogen, progesterone, and luteinized hormone receptors in the stromal compartment. Conclusion Together with the documented growth during pregnancy, it suggests a hormonal influence on the tumor biological of mucinous cystic neoplasms. Cystic lesions in women of childbearing age require therefore special attention.
Inhibitory Phosphorylation of GSK-3 by CaMKII Couples Depolarization to Neuronal Survival*

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) plays a critical role in neuronal apoptosis. The two mammalian isoforms of the kinase, GSK-3α and GSK-3β, are inhibited by phosphorylation at Ser-21 and Ser-9, respectively. Depolarization, which is vital for neuronal survival, causes both an increase in Ser-21/9 phosphorylation and an inhibition of GSK-3α/β. However, the role of GSK-3 phosphorylation in depolarization-dependent neuron survival and the signaling pathway contributing to GSK-3 phosphorylation during depolarization remain largely unknown. Using several approaches, we showed that both isoforms of GSK-3 are important for mediating neuronal apoptosis. Nonphosphorylatable GSK-3α/β mutants (S21A/S9A) promoted apoptosis, whereas a peptide encompassing Ser-9 of GSK-3β protected neurons in a phosphorylation-dependent manner; these results indicate a critical role for Ser-21/9 phosphorylation on depolarization-dependent neuron survival. We found that Ser-21/9 phosphorylation of GSK-3 was mediated by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) but not by Akt/PKB, PKA, or p90RSK. CaMKII associated with and phosphorylated GSK-3α/β. Furthermore, the pro-survival effect of CaMKII was mediated by GSK-3 phosphorylation and inactivation. These findings identify a novel Ca2+/calmodulin/CaMKII/GSK-3 pathway that couples depolarization to neuronal survival.
Brain perfusion SPECT can differentiate clinical subtypes of Parkinson's diseases

The clinical heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease (PD) is well recognized. It is possible to distinguish two main clinical subgroups, a tremor dominant PD (TP) and nontremor dominant PD (NTP). However studies compared the regional cerebral blood flow between subtypes of PD had rarely been performed yet, although the classification of subtypes was very important because of difference of disease progression and prognosis between subtypes of PD. We recruited 43 patients with PD (21 TP and 22 NTP). All patients with PD underwent brain perfusion SPECT and evaluated motor severity by using the Hoehn and Yahr stage and Part III of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS). We also compared tremor and nontremor symptoms with motor phenotype scores between two subtypes of PD. Brain perfusion SPECT showed significant hypoperfusion in TP compared with NTP in the left occipital lobe and middle occipital gyrus, left frontal lobe and superior frontal gyrus, cerebellar hemisphere, left lentiform nucleus. On the other hand, brain perfusion SPECT of NTP compared with TP showed hypoperfusion in right parietal lobe and precuneus, left temporal lobe and inferior temporal gyrus, both frontal lobe and inferior frontal gyrus. The present study indicates that pathophysiology of TP compared to NTP has more closely association with neuronal circuits including cerebellar pathway, such as CTC circuit. Therefore, we cautiously assert that neuronal systems other than the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system are likely involved in the generation of tremor in PD. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 222–226, 2013
The Distribution of Path Losses for Uniformly Distributed Nodes in a Circle

When simulating a wireless network, users/nodes are usually assumed to be distributed uniformly in space. Path losses between nodes in a simulated network are generally calculated by determining the distance between every pair of nodes and applying a suitable path loss model as a function of this distance (power of distance with an environment-specific path loss exponent) and adding a random component to represent the log-normal shadowing. A network with N nodes consists of N(N - 1)/2 path loss values. In order to generate statistically significant results for system-level simulations, Monte Carlo simulations must be performed where the nodes are randomly distributed at the start of every run. This is a time-consuming operation which need not be carried out if the distribution of path losses between the nodes is known. The probability density function (pdf) of the path loss between the centre of a circle and a node distributed uniformly within a the circle is derived in this work.
Response of a single trap to AC negative Bias Temperature stress

We study the properties of a single gate oxide trap subjected to AC Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) stress conditions by means of Time Dependent Defect Spectroscopy. A theory for predicting the occupancy of a single trap after AC stress is developed based on first order kinetics and verified on experimental data. The developed theory can be used to develop circuit simulators and predict time dependent variability.
Assessment on stationarity of EMG signals with different windows size during isotonic contractions

In order to analyse surface electromyography (EMG) signals, it is necessary to extract the features based on a time or frequency domain. These approaches are based on the mathematical assumption of signal stationarity. Stationarity of EMG signals is thoroughly examined, especially in isotonic contractions. According to research, conflicting results have been identified depending on varying window sizes. Therefore, in this study, the authors endeavoured to determine the suitable window size to analyse EMG signals during isotonic contractions utilising stationary tests, reverse arrangement (RA), and modified reverse arrangement (MRA). There were slight differences in the average percentages of signal stationarity for RA and MRA tests in 100 ms, 500 ms, and 1000 ms window sizes. However, there was none for the 200 ms window size. On average, a window size of 200 ms provided stationary information with 88.57% of EMG signals compared to other window sizes. This study also recommended the MRA test to determine EMG signals stationarity for future studies, as the performances were better in comparison to RA tests. However, the following recommendation is only valid for window sizes greater than 200 ms. For a real-time application, the size of the analysis window together with the processing time should be less than 300 ms and a window size of 200 ms is applicable for isotonic contractions.