Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critical transitions in thin layer turbulence

We investigate a model of thin layer turbulence that follows the evolution of the two-dimensional motions $\boldsymbol{u}_{2D}(x,y)$ along the horizontal directions $(x,y)$ coupled to a single Fourier mode along the vertical direction ( $z$ ) of the form $\boldsymbol{u}_{q}(x,y,z)=[v_{x}(x,y)\sin (qz),v_{y}(x,y)\sin (qz),v_{z}(x,y)\cos (qz)]$ , reducing thus the system to two coupled, two-dimensional equations. The model, despite its simplicity and ad hoc construction, displays a rich behaviour. Its reduced dimensionality allows a thorough investigation of the transition from a forward to an inverse cascade of energy as the thickness of the layer $H=\unicode[STIX]{x03C0}/q$ is varied. Starting from a thick layer and reducing its thickness it is shown that two critical heights are met: (i) one for which the forward unidirectional cascade (similar to three-dimensional turbulence) transitions to a bidirectional cascade transferring energy to both small and large scales and (ii) one for which the bidirectional cascade transitions to a unidirectional inverse cascade when the layer becomes very thin (similar to two-dimensional turbulence). The two critical heights are shown to have different properties close to criticality that we are able to analyse with numerical simulations for a wide range of Reynolds numbers and aspect ratios.
On Determinatives and the Category-Function Distinction: A Reply to Brett Reynolds.

This article examines the arguments made in the article “Determiners, Feline Marsupials, and the Category-Function Distinction: A Critique of ELT Grammars” by Brett Reynolds recently published in the TESL Canada Journal (2013). In our response, we demonstrate that the author’s arguments are problematic on both theoretical and empirical grounds. In particular, we show that, by the author’s own metrics, (a) the items in the so-called my set (i.e,. my, your, his/ her, etc.) should be determinatives rather than pronouns, and (b) even items that the author argues to be determinatives (i.e., all, many, few, little, etc.) cannot be classified as such if we apply the tests suggested by the author. We conclude our critical response by discussing some of the pedagogical implications of the author’s article. Cet article porte sur les arguments presentes dans l’article “Determiners, Feline Marsupials, and the Category-Function Distinction: A Critique of ELT Grammars” ecrit par Brett Reynolds et recemment publie dans la Revue TESL du Canada (2013). En reponse a cet article, nous demontrons que les arguments de l’auteur sont problematiques sur les plans tant theorique qu’empirique. Plus precisement, nous expliquons, en nous basant sur les parametres memes de l’auteur, que (a) les items de l’ensemble qu’il nomme ‘my set’ (c.-a-d., ma, ta, sa, etc.) devraient etre consideres des determinants plutot que des pronoms et que (b) meme des items que l’auteur decrit comme etant des determinants (c.-a-d., tout, plusieurs, peu, etc.) ne peuvent etre classes ainsi si l’on se base sur les tests qu’il propose. Nous concluons notre critique en discutant certaines incidences pedagogiques decoulant de l’article de l’auteur. This article is a critical analysis of “Determiners, Feline Marsupials, and the Category-Function Distinction: A Critique of ELT Grammars” by Reynolds (2013). We examine the author’s claims, and demonstrate that they are not supported by theoretical or empirical evidence. The author makes the following claims: 1. The information that can be found in ESL textbooks, dictionaries, and reference materials with regards to words such as the, this, some, many, either, each is confusing. The confusion is due to the fact that the abovementioned materials do not differentiate between the concept of a syntactic category (i.e., determinatives) and that of a syntactic function (i.e., specifier, head, modifier). Reynolds then claims that, first, words such as
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ACCOUNTING FOR MACRO-FINANCE TRENDS: MARKET POWER, INTANGIBLES, AND RISK PREMIA

Real risk-free interest rates have trended down over the past 30 years. Puzzlingly in light of this decline,(1) the return on private capital has remained stable or even increased, creating an increasing wedge with safe interest rates; (2) stock market valuation ratios have increased only moderately; (3) investment has been lackluster. We use a simple extension of the neoclassical growth model to diagnose the nexus of forces that jointly accounts for these developments. We find that rising market power, rising unmeasured intangibles, and rising risk premia, play a crucial role, over and above the traditional culprits of increasing savings supply and technological growth slowdown. Emmanuel Farhi Harvard University Department of Economics Littauer Center Cambridge, MA 02138 and NBER emmanuel.farhi@gmail.com François Gourio Economic Research Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago 230 South LaSalle St Chicago, IL 60604 francois.gourio@chi.frb. org A data appendix is available at http://www.nber. org/data-appendix/w25282 Accounting for Macro-Finance Trends: Market Power, Intangibles, and Risk Premia Emmanuel Farhiy and François Gourioz
CEO appearance, compensation, and firm performance - Evidence from Sweden

In my thesis I test the attributes of attractiveness, competence, likability, and trustworthiness, and investigate how these are associated with CEOs. I further analyze if there exists beauty or competence premiums among the sample CEOs, and whether the CEO characteristics explain firm performance. In other words, I analyze if more competent people look more competent and if attractiveness is an asset for CEOs. My sample consists of 140 CEOs from listed Swedish companies. I collect the primary data on CEO appearance by conducting an Internet based survey. Survey participants are asked to rate the facial photos of CEOs on a scale from 1 to 5 on each trait. Further, a pair-wise comparison is done between a CEO and a non-CEO person as well as between a large company and a small company CEO to test if large company CEOs are seen different from the control group. The results from the pair-wise comparison indicate that CEOs are seen as more attractive and competent but less likable and less trustworthy than non-CEOs. Also, large company CEOs are seen as more competent than small company CEOs, whereas small company CEOs are deemed more attractive, likable, and trustworthy. These results are not, however, statistically significant and could thus result from chance. The link between appearance and compensation is analyzed in the light of three different measures of compensation: salary, total cash compensation, and total compensation. The results from both salary and total cash compensation regressions support the existence of a beauty premium among Swedish CEOs. A competence premium exists on the salary level of CEO compensation. The study does not find a link between CEO traits and firm performance.
Fast quantum algorithms for traversing paths of eigenstates

Consider a path of non-degenerate eigenstates of unitary operators or Hamiltonians with minimum eigenvalue gap G. The eigenpath traversal problem is to transform one or more copies of the initial to the final eigenstate. Solutions to this problem have applications ranging from quantum physics simulation to optimization. For Hamiltonians, the conventional way of doing this is by applying the adiabatic theorem. We give ``digital'' methods for performing the transformation that require no assumption on path continuity or differentiability other than the absence of large jumps. Given sufficient information about eigenvalues and overlaps between states on the path, the transformation can be accomplished with complexity O(L/G log(L/e)), where L is the angular length of the path and e is a specified bound on the error of the output state. We show that the required information can be obtained in a first set of transformations, whose complexity per state transformed has an additional factor that depends logarithmically on a maximum angular velocity along the path. This velocity is averaged over constant angular distances and does not require continuity. Our methods have substantially better behavior than conventional adiabatic algorithms, with fewer conditions on the path. They also improve on the previously best digital methods and demonstrate that path length and the gap are the primary parameters that determine the complexity of state transformation along a path.
Immersive Robot Control in Virtual Reality to Command Robots in Space Missions

We present an approach to control a semi-autonomous robot team remotely under low bandwidth conditions with a single operator. Our approach utilises virtual reality and autonomous robots to create an immersive user interface for multi-robot control. This saves a big amount of bandwidth, just because there is no need to transfer a constant steam of camera images. The virtual environment for control only has to be transferred once to the control station and only has to be updated when the map is out of date. Also, the camera position can easily be changed in virtual reality for more overview on the robots situation. The parts of this approach can easily be transferred to applications on earth e.g. for semi-autonomous robots in hazardous areas or under water applications.
Lexical processing in child and adult beginning second language learners *

The objective of the present study was to investigate the neural processes underlying second language (L2) learning using child and adult English monolinguals in the early stages of L2 acquisition. The Revised Hierarchical Model (RHM) of L2 processing (Kroll & Stewart, 1994) predicts that both the child and adult beginning L2 learners will show no effect of semantic interference when presented with semantically related pairs because of their novice learner status. However, based on recent research with Dutch child learners of English, we predicted that the child participants would show semantic interference (Brenders, van Hell & Dijkstra, in revision; Poarch, van Hell, & Kroll, 2015). Stimuli consisted of three types of pairs: correct translations (perro-dog), incorrect semantically related translations (perro-cat) and incorrect unrelated translations (perro-table). Participants were asked to indicate correctness of the translation pairs of Spanish and English words while EEG was recorded. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were analyzed using mean amplitude, time-locked to the second word of the pair (English). We found a significant effect of semantic relatedness in both the child and adult participants. Preliminary patterns suggest conceptual activation is possible, even in beginning L2 learners. Further research should investigate how to best revise our current theories of second language processing to accommodate these findings. * This research reported in this paper was supported by NSF BCS-1349110 to Janet G. van Hell.
Constraining the star formation rate in the solar neighbourhood with star clusters

This paper investigates the star formation rate (SFR) in the solar neighbourhood. First, we build the local age distribution function (ADF) with an updated sample of 442 star clusters located at less than 1 kpc from the Sun. Next, we define the SFR, compute the individual mass evolution of a population of artificial clusters covering the broad range of parameters observed in actual clusters, and assume 100 M⊙ as the low-mass limit for effective cluster observation. This leads to a simulated ADF, which is compared to the low-noise solar neighbourhood ADF. The best match corresponds to a non-constant SFR presenting two conspicuous excesses for ages ≤9 Myr and between 220–600 Myr (the local starburst). The average SFR is , corresponding to the average surface SFR . These values are consistent with the SFR inferred from embedded clusters (ECs), but much lower (≲16 per cent) than that implied by field stars. Both the local starburst and the recent star formation period require to be described. The simulations show that 91.2 ± 2.7 per cent of the clusters created in the solar neighbourhood do not survive the first 10 Myr, which is consistent with the rate of EC dissolution.
Organizational Climate as Determinant of Sustainable Peace Culture in Higher Institutions in Cross River State, Nigeria

The purpose of the study was to find out the extent to which organizational climate predicted sustainable peace culture in higher institutions in Cross River State, Nigeria. A survey research design was used and a sample of 500 lecturers randomly selected from 4 higher institutions was used for the study. Two hypotheses guided the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire titled “Organizational Climate and Sustainable Peace Culture Questionnaire” (OCSPCQ). Data were analyzed using multiple regressions and t-test statistics. The result of the study revealed that organizational climate had a significant effect on sustainable peace culture in higher institutions. There was a significant correlation between the joint predictor variables and sustainable peace culture. The organizational climate variables made significant relative contributions to the determinacy of sustainable peace culture in higher institutions. Premised on the findings of the study, it was recommended that institutional administrators should encourage a healthy interpersonal relationship and create a disciplined school environment to promote sustainable peace culture in higher institutions. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016. v7n3p467
MOCK JUROR RATINGS OF GUILT IN CANADA : MODERN RACISM AND ETHNIC HERITAGE

This research investigated whether the prejudicial attitudes of mock jurors in Canada pr·:x! uce crimina! sanction disparities similar to those reported by research in the United States. In order to investigate t.ltis hypothesis, English Canadian participants read a transcript of a sexual assault trial that varied the ethnic background of both the victim and the defendant (i.e., English, French or Native Canadian). Participants were then asked to rate the guilt of the defendant in two ways: (I) on a 7 -point bipolar scale in accordance with their personal beliefs (i.e .• Subjective Guilt Rating), and (2) on a dichotomous scale (guilty/not guilty) in accordance with judicial instructions (i.e., Legal Standard Guilt Rating). Participants were also 2Sked te rate the victim and defendant on a number of personality traits. Results indicate that pa:. --ticipants asked to rate the degree of guilt of the defendant according to the Subjective Guilt Rating found him more guilty if he was French. or Native Canadian as opposed to English Ca. '1adian. These prejudicial ratings, however, dissipated when participants were asked to rate the guilt of the defendant according to the Legal Standard Gnilt Rating that included jU.lY instructions. This apparent paradox in results is discussed in terms of modem radsm theory.
A Descriptive Study on the Motivation of Bosnian Workers

At one point, motivation is what drives us forward, towards achieving the goals. In every business environment, every employee has its own goal. The managers need to know what drives their employees to perform better, since if the individual performance is raised, the organizational performance increases too. The employer needs to know if his employees reward is money-related, or maybe it is self-satisfaction, feel of empowerment or recognition of his colleagues. What matter is having workers have something to strive for, some force that drives them towards his goal. In this paper we try to explain step by step motivational theories, introduce motivation as concept, and find out antecedents (attitudes towards employees, reward system, supportive organizational culture and employee self-efficacy) and consequences (job satisfaction, involvement, work commitment, loyalty, organizational and individual performance) of employee motivation. We are going to focus mainly on voluntary environment where the circumstances and decision making factors are flexible. The research method conducted was based on survey questionnaire where 300 respondents - workers gave their answer to the research question. The findings mainly provided a neutral agreement level of respondents for the research questions expect the negative amount of attitudes towards employees and positive amount of individual performance in these circumstances. The findings suggested that the respondents of the questionnaire are not motivated both extrinsically and intrinsically.
New Firm Growth: Exploring Processes and Paths

This paper provides an approach to new firm growth that views this as an unfolding developmental process. This approach is based on a Penrosean (1995) model of the firm. We find that new firm growth is non‐linear and prone to interruptions and setbacks to an extent overlooked in the literature. From the model of development used, five propositions are drawn concerning measurable features of new firms' growth paths; these relate to patterns of survival, continuousness of growth, turning points, reversals and cumulative growth. These propositions are examined in the light of data on the growth paths of new firms in three countries, with aggregate comparisons of firms' growth paths effected by graphical representations and sequence analysis.
Propagators and scattering of electromagnetic waves in planar bianisotropic slabs - an application to frequency selective structures

Scattering by planar geometries with plane metal inclusions are analyzed. The metal inclusions can be of arbitrary shape, and the material of the supporting slabs can be any linear (bianisotropic) material. We employ the method of propagators to ﬁnd the solution of the scattering problem. The method has certain similarities with a vector generalization of the transmission line theory. A general relation between the electric ﬁelds and the surface current densities on the metal inclusions and the exciting ﬁelds are found. Special attention is paid to the case of a periodic metal pattern (frequency selective structures, FSS). The method is illustrated by a series of numerical computations. (Less)
Institutional Ownership and Corporate Social Performance: Empirical Evidence From Indonesian Companies

Prior research on the relationships of institutional ownership and corporate social responsibility has focused on North American (U.S. and Canada) and European companies. With the passage of Indonesian Law No. 40 in 2007, Indonesian companies are now obligated to conduct CSP. As these companies objected to the passage of this law, awareness of how CSP may benefit Indonesian companies in terms of its positive impact on institutional investors needs to be investigated. Thus, this paper examines the relationships of IO and CSP for Indonesian companies. Unfortunately, contrary to the results for North American and European companies, we found no relationships between institutional ownership and corporate social responsibility for Indonesian companies. This finding suggests that most institutional investors do not include CSP as part of their investment decisions.
Cytotaxonomy of rodent species from Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia

An extended survey of taxa belonging to two genera of Cricetomyinae (Cricetomys and Saccostomus), one Gerbillinae (Gerbilliscus), eight Murinae (Acomys, Aethomys, Arvicanthis, Lemniscomys, Mus (Nannomys), Mastomys, Grammomys, Stenocephalemys) and one Myoxidae (Graphiurus) was carried out as part of the EU programme “Staplerat” involving Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia. Here we report the diploid and autosomal fundamental numbers of these rodent taxa. Seventeen of them were unknown, for four we report chromosomal variants and for another 16 new localities where they occur. We discuss their specific status taking into consideration our results together with data from literature and highlight the problems in taxonomy and systematics that are yet to be solved, due do their extended range and the occurrence of species complexes. We highlight cases for which there should be a re-evaluation of specific names that were not included in the last rodent checklist.
Heterogeneous Effects of Medical Interventions on the Health of Low-Risk Newborns

We investigate the impact of early-life medical interventions on low-risk newborn health. A policy rule in The Netherlands creates large discontinuities in medical treatments at gestational week 37. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find no health benefits from additional treatments for average newborns. However, there is substantial heterogeneity in returns to treatments with significant health benefits for newborns in the lowest income quartile and no benefits in higher income quartiles. This seems due to increased maternal stress from referral to an obstetrician among higher-income mothers, heterogeneous effects of home births, and potential difficulties in risk screening among low-income women.
Photodegradation kinetics of fenitrothion in various aqueous media and its effect on steroid hormones biosynthesis

The photo degradation kinetics of fenitrothion in various water media were examined under both direct and indirect photolysis with respect to degradation rate, half-life, and phototransformation kinetics of fenitrothion. The effect of fenitrothion and its photoproducts on steroid hormone biosynthesis was also investigated. The results indicate that the degradation rate of fenitrothion under indirect photolysis to which nitrate was added was faster than that of direct photolysis, in both pure and natural water. The fenitrothion half-lives under indirect photolysis were 2.67 and 4.58 h, while under direct photolysis the half-lives were 3.58 and 5.66 h for natural and pure water, respectively. The phototransformation kinetics of fenitrothion in pure water showed that the identified photoproducts, such as fenitrooxon and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, under both direct and indirect photolysis were almost the same. This is evidence that there is no specific degradation pathway with hydroxyl radicals under indirect photolysis in fenitrothion transformation. The 1 μM∼50 μM levels of fenitrothion and two of its photoproducts (fenitrooxon and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol) altered the steroid hormones biosynthesis in bovine adrenal cultured cells, which suggests that both fenitrothion and its two photoproducts may be endocrine-disrupting compounds.
Speed Limit Policy and Liquidity Traps

The zero lower bound (ZLB) constraint on interest rates makes speed limit policies (SLPs) — policies aimed at stabilizing output growth — less effective. Away from the ZLB, the history dependence induced by a concern for output growth stabilization improves the inflation-output tradeoff for a discretionary central bank. However, in the aftermath of a deep recession with a binding ZLB, a central bank with an objective for output growth stabilization aims to engineer a more gradual increase in output than under the standard discretionary policy. The anticipation of a more restrained recovery exacerbates the declines in inflation and output when the lower bound is binding. JEL Classification: E52, E61