Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring Corporate Culture Using Machine Learning

Using one of the latest machine learning techniques—the word embedding model (Mikolov et al. 2013)— and 217,387 earnings call transcripts, we obtain five corporate cultural values: innovation, integrity, quality, respect, and teamwork (Guiso, Sapienza, and Zingales 2015) for 77,541 firm-year observations over the period 2001–2018. We conduct a large number of tests to validate our measures and demonstrate the advantages of our approach over several alternative methods. We show that corporate culture plays an important role in deal incidence and merger pairing, and that post-merger, acquirers’ cultural values are positively associated with their target firms’ cultural values pre-merger.
Searching for the (Dark) Forces Behind Protection

This paper re-examines the determinants of trade policy. It modifies the Grossman--Helpman model of trade policy to take account of factors besides lobby contributions that may lead politicians to value rents differently across industries. The idea is motivated by the puzzling results of the recent empirical work on the Grossman--Helpman model. The empirical work in the paper based on US data confirms that lobby contributions do not play obvious roles in trade policy. Rather, trade policies seem to be placing higher weights on the earnings of industries where lower skill workers and smaller, less capital intensive firms are more prevalent. It is argued that this can be explained by the credit and insurance constraints that such agents tend to face. The weakness of lobby contributions in predicting protectionism across industries may be due to the variety of alternative goals that lobbies pursue and the diversity of interests within each industry. Also, the industries with well-organized and well-funded lobbies may have easier access to more efficient fiscal and financial transfers. The approach adopted in this paper paves the way for examining a variety of determinants of trade policy in a broader framework. The regularities observed here have far-reaching implications for the pattern and evolution of trade policies. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.
Husbandry Considerations in Birdsong Sleep Studies

Neuroethological research combines approaches derived from animal behavior and neurobiology to examine the neuronal mechanisms of behavior, often in the context of laboratory experiments on species chosen for particular adaptations. Typically, these species are not traditional laboratory animals yet they contribute greatly to a broad, evolutionarily diverse view of nervous system function. The surprising role of sleep in the vocal learning process of songbirds is one such example, described here. Juvenile zebra fi nches show sleep-dependent daytime fl uctuations in their patterns of singing starting after their fi rst ex posure to tutor songs. Nighttime bursting activity in the vocal control song system also changes after the onset of tutoring, with the neuronal changes preceding the changes in objective behavior (daytime singing). After tutoring, the nighttime bursting increases and exhibits structure that depends on the particular tutor song, and the nighttime expression of these changes requires normal auditory feedback during daytime singing. These observations shed light on the information carried in neuronal activity during sleep and on the adaptive plastic mechanisms engaged during sleep. They suggest a new hypothesis of sensorimotor learning, whereby sensory memories act indirectly on sensorimotor feedback by modifying networks through plastic changes at night. Sleep may also contribute to adult song maintenance, with nighttime neuronal replay conveying information about songs produced during the day and possibly mediating daily changes in the structure of premotor bursts. Collectively, these insights contribute a comparative perspective to theories of sleep and memory, which also help to inform a developing understanding of how humans acquire and retain memories.
Dogs Cancerous Mammary Glands Treated by DC Current : Mathematical Model

The aim of this paper is to propose an electric circuit model using an ideal transformer at to describes the tumor behavior when the direct current is applied in it. 1.INTRODUCTION The treatment of cancer using a DC current is known by EChT (Electro Chemical Therapy). EChT consists in the circulation of DC current into tumor region through electrodes (anodic and cathodic electrodes) which starts an electrolytic process promoting electrochemical reactions with destructive effects over the tumor. More than 10,000 patients have been treated in China, unfortunately the EChT is not universally accepted, because there are doubts about the destructive mechanisms and the dose-planning models associated with the EChT treatment [2]. Having this in mind, the first motivation was to identify an electric circuit model of tumor when DC current is applied in it. 2. THEORETICAL ANALYSIS EChT allow to be supposed the existence of two different domains: electrical and chemical. Generally speaking, electrical energy is converted in chemical energy promoting the electrochemical reactions inside the tumor. The coupling between these two domains can be done by an ideal transformer, as shown in Fig. 1 [3], where V, I, μ, J, n and F are the voltage [V], electric current [A], electrochemical potential [J/mol], ionic flux [mol/s], number of electrons involved in electrochemical reactions and Faraday constant [96485 C/mol], respectively. Note that (1/nF) is the transformer coefficient. Mathematical description of the phenomena shown in this paper is analogous that presented in [3]. The principal electrochemical reactions are [2]: Cathodic electrode Anodic electrode 2MO + H2O + 2e ↔ M2O + 2OH (*) (1) M2O + 2OH ↔ 2MO + H2O + 2e (*) (4) O2 + H2O + 2e ↔ H2O2 + 2OH (2) 2H2O ↔ O2 + 4H+ + 4e (5) OH + HCO3 ↔ CO3 + H2O (3) (*) M denotes electrode material. Cl2(aq) + H2O ↔ HClO + Cl + H (6) 2Cl ↔ 2Cl2 + 2e (7) Three types of electrochemical reactions can occur on the electrode: 1) thermodynamic (Gibbs free energy), 2) kinetic (Butler-Volmer equation) and 3) diffusion (represented by "ladder" circuit), with convection and migration transport neglected. Fig. 2 shows, the electrical circuit model of anodic electrode considering electrochemical reaction (4). It ĺl be describe how electrical circuit model at electrochemical reaction (4) can be obtained. So, during electrolysis process the change in the Gibbs free energy for reaction (4) is given by (8) where μi is the electrochemical potential of species i, expressed by (9) φ μ μ F z a a RT i ref i i i i + ⎟⎠ ⎞ ⎜⎝ ⎛ + = ln 0 − + + + − − = ∆ − e O H MO OH O M Anodo M G μ μ μ μ μ 2 2 2 2 2 E le c t r ic a l D o m a in D o m ín io Q u í m ic o
Quantification of renal perfusion and function on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis: A feasibility study

The feasibility of a voxel‐by‐voxel deconvolution analysis of T1‐weighted DCE data in the human kidney and its potential for obtaining quantification of perfusion and filtration was investigated. Measurements were performed on 14 normal humans and 1 transplant at 1.5 T using a Turboflash sequence. Signal time‐courses were converted to tracer concentrations and deconvolved with an aorta AIF. Parametric maps of relative renal blood flow (rRBF), relative renal volume of distribution (rRVD), relative mean transit time (rMTT), and whole cortex extraction fraction (E) were obtained from the impulse response functions. For the normals average cortical rRBF, rRVD, rMTT, and E were 1.6 mL/min/mL (SD 0.8), 0.4 mL/mL (SD 0.1), 17s (SD 7), and 22.6% (SD 6.1), respectively. A gradual voxelwise rRBF increase is found from the center of two infarction zones toward the edges. Voxel IRFs showed more detail on the nefron substructure than ROI IRFs. In conclusion, quantitative voxelwise perfusion mapping based on deconvolved T1‐DCE renal data is feasible, but absolute quantification requires inflow correction. rRBF maps and quantitative values are sufficiently sensitive to detect perfusion abnormality in pathologic areas, but further research is necessary to separate perfusion from extraction and to characterize the different compartments of the nephron on the (sub)voxel level. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Market Design for HCI: Successes and Failures of Peer-to-Peer Exchange Platforms

This paper explores an HCI approach to designing markets, with a primary focus on peer-to peer exchange platforms. We draw on recent work in economics that has documented how markets function, how they can be evaluated, and what can be done to fix them when they fail. We introduce five key concepts from market design: thickness, congestion, stability, safety, and repugnance. These lend HCI an analytic vocabulary for understanding why markets may succeed or struggle. Building on prior empirical work, we apply these concepts to compare two well-known network hospitality platforms, Couchsurfing and Airbnb. As a second illustrative case, we use market design to shed light on the challenges experienced by smaller-scale peer-to-peer marketplaces for lending, renting, and selling physical goods. To conclude, we discuss how this kind of analysis can make conceptual, evaluative, and generative contributions to the study and design of exchange platforms and other socio-technical systems.
Evaluation of the Relationship between Urine Purine Derivatives with Metabolizable Energy and Metabolizable Protein in Lactating Holstein Cows

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the relationship between purine derivatives (PD) excretion in total collection or spot sampling of urine and metabolizable energy (ME) and metabolizable protein (MP) of dairy cattle. Twenty-seven dairy cows were selected to investigate the changes of PD, creatinine (C), and purine derivative/creatinine ratio (PD/C) in the urine of cows fed different diets using the total pooled urine samples collected throughout 7 days of trial period (total collection) or spot urine collection at 800-900 and 1800-1900 on the days 20 and 21. The rations were formulated with three levels of ME (127% ME/ME required, 100% ME/ME required, 75% ME/ME required) and three levels of MP (123% MP/MP required, 100% MP/MP required, 80% MP/MP required) using the CPM-Dairy 3 model. Our data demonstrated a strongly linear relationship between the concentration of PD (and PD/C) and ME and MP level of the diets using total collection or spot sampling. It was concluded that the concentration of PD and PD/C may have potential to predict the ME and MP supply in the dairy rations, and that the PD/C could be determined by spot urine sampling instead of total urine collection.
Effectiveness and safety of mepolizumab in severe refractory eosinophilic asthma: results in clinical practice

Background Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways with symptoms that vary over time and intensity, sometimes leading to disability or even death. Eosinophilic asthma accounts for 25% of cases of severe asthma. It is mediated by eosinophils regulated by interleukin-5 (IL-5), the target of mepolizumab, which has been recently licensed as an add-on treatment of severe refractory eosinophilic asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of mepolizumab in clinical practice. Methods A multicentre, retrospective, and descriptive study covering a year was conducted in a province of Spain with more than 500,000 inhabitants. Every patient prescribed with mepolizumab since its introduction into the hospital was included in the study. Clinical parameters were collected from the pharmacists’ counselling reports from electronic prescription software and electronic patient records. Effectiveness was assessed as a decrease in the exacerbation frequency and/or a reduction in the use of oral corticosteroids (OCS) compared to the previous year. Results A total of 25 patients were studied, but only 23 could be evaluated by the cut-off date. A decrease in the exacerbation frequency was observed in 19 (82.6%) patients, 11 of them without any exacerbation during the treatment. A relative reduction of 87% in the exacerbation rate per year was obtained. A total of 15 patients were on regular OCS – 9 patients (60%) reduced their average dose, whilst 4 (26.7%) patients completely abandoned OCS. Safety was evaluated based on reported adverse effects. Adverse events were observed in 12 patients, the most common being headache, arthralgia, and dizziness/nausea. Conclusion Mepolizumab has been shown to be effective based on the high decrease in the exacerbation frequency and reduced use of OCS. Reported adverse effects were mostly mild and appeared in half of the patients; some of the adverse events had not been previously described in pivotal trials.
Hearing results after type III tympanoplasty: incus transposition versus PORP. A systematic review

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study is to compare hearing improvements in the air-bone gap (ABG) after type III tympanoplasties, comparing between incus transposition (IT) and partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP). Materials and methods: Publications in English were searched in PUBMED database and were systematically reviewed. A total of 14 articles were included, obtaining 1055 patients, 614 for the IT group and 441 for the PORP group. Preoperative ABG, postoperative ABG, dB gain and ABG closure rate were compared. Results: IT group: preoperative ABG of 31.74 dB (SD 10.51); postoperative ABG of 18.97 dB (SD 10.6); dB gain of 12.76 dB (SD 14.97); and ABG closure rate of 64.48%. PORP group: preoperative ABG of 28.02 dB (SD 10.47); postoperative ABG of 16.27 dB (SD 10.45); dB gain of 11.75 (SD 15.02); and ABG closure rate of 71.32%. No significant statistical difference was found in dB mean gain between groups (p > .05), although a difference was found in the ABG closure rate between groups favouring PORP series (p < .05). Conclusion: An improvement in hearing results was observed within both groups after type III tympanoplasty. There is no difference in decibels gained between both ossiculoplasty materials, but a better closure rate (%) was observed in the PORP group.
Nithsdale schizophrenia surveys 21: A longitudinal study of national adult reading test stability

Background. The stability of the National Adult Reading Test (NART) as a measure of pre-morbid intelligence in schizophrenia has not yet been satisfactorily established despite the widespread use of the NART in schizophrenia research. Method. We examined NART stability in a diverse group of 45 schizophrenic patients in a prospective longitudinal study over 6·5–7·5 years. Results. The results showed that NART performance does not decline significantly with increasing duration of schizophrenic illness and that test–retest reliability, even over 6·5–7·5 years, is extremely high. Discussion. Our results provide the necessary evidence that the NART can be used as a stable measure of pre-morbid intelligence in schizophrenia.
[The prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder and comorbidity among psychiatric outpatients].

OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence, association with sociodemographic characteristics, and comorbidity with other anxiety and depressive disorders of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among psychiatric outpatients. METHOD In the first phase of the study, outpatient psychiatry clinic physician interviewed with consecutive 950 patients who applied to psychiatry outpatient clinic of an university hospital by using GAD module of CIDI (Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 2.1) during 4-month. Ninety-nine patients with diagnosis of GAD in the first phase were referred to the researcher physician for further evaluation. In the second phase, patients were interviewed by using CIDI anxiety and mood (major depression, dysthymic disorder) disorder modules. By this way, 12-month additional diagnoses were examined, and diagnosis of GAD was confirmed. One patient was excluded, because did not meet the GAD criteria during reexamination by the researcher physician. RESULTS Ninety-eight patients (10.3%) met DSM-IV criteria for GAD. Eighty-nine (90.8%) of the cases had comorbid any anxiety or depressive disorder. The rates of comorbidity with any of depressive disorders and anxiety disorders were found 84.7% and 56.1%, respectively. The most common comorbid diagnosis was major depression (83.7%). The most common anxiety disorders were social phobia (30.6%), OCD (19.4%) and specific phobia (17.4%). The prevalence of GAD was observed significantly higher in women, married ones, housewives, unworking girls, subjects with history of medical illness and lower educational status. CONCLUSION Our results show that among psychiatric outpatients, GAD has high comorbidity rates with depressive and other anxiety disorders, and it is associate with some sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, and marital, working and educational status.
Hypoglycaemia is a cause of axonal injury

Axonal injury as demonstrated immunohistochemically is increasingly being recognized at post‐mortem in patients who have been unconscious, and in some cases the cause of the coma may not be immediately apparent. Considerations include microscopical diffuse traumatic axonal injury and axonal injury associated with a range of metabolic encephalopathies. In this study, extensive neurohistological examination was undertaken in 13 patients in whom coma was attributed to hypoglycaemia and in whom neurohistological examination had revealed varying degrees of widely distributed neuronal necrosis: in five of these cases there was also evidence that the intracranial pressure had been high with internal hernation. It is concluded that a significant amount of axonal injury found in these 13 cases can be attributed to hypoglycaemia per se although the amount and distribution of the axonal damage is altered in the presence of raised intracranial pressure. However, in some cases axonal damage is seen in the absence of an elevated intracranial pressure and in one case its distribution closely mimicked that seen in microscopical diffuse traumatic axonal injury. This further demonstrates that not all axonal pathology is traumatic, and that adequate sampling and care in interpretation of Aβ‐PP staining is required in forensic practice.
The Effectiveness of CCTV in Public Places : Fear of Crime and Perceived Safety of Citizens

This study examines the role of CCTV and police effectiveness in fear of crime. Using survey data collected from random sample of 392 respondents living in Ankara, Turkey, the linear regression model was conducted to predict the effects of CCTV, police effectiveness, and invasion of privacy by CCTV on the perceived safety level of citizens while controlling some demographic variables such as age, income, marital status, education level. The results of this study indicate that CCTV and effectiveness of police have positive impact on reducing fear of crime among citizens. This article first review the extant literature on fear of crime, effectiveness of police, and CCTV with using routine activity theory as a theoretical framework. Then data, methodology and findings are presented and their contribution to the literature is discussed with mentioning limitations of study.
Melatonin suppresses acrolein‐induced IL‐8 production in human pulmonary fibroblasts

Abstract: Cigarette smoke (CS) causes harmful alterations in the lungs and airway structures and functions that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition to COPD, active cigarette smoking causes other respiratory diseases and diminishes health status. Furthermore, recent studies show that, α, β‐unsaturated aldehyde acrolein in CS induces the production of interleukin (IL)‐8, which is known to be related to bronchitis, rhinitis, pulmonary fibrosis, and asthma. In addition, lung and pulmonary fibroblasts secrete IL‐8, which has a chemotactic effect on leukocytes, and which in turn, play a critical role in lung inflammation. On the other hand, melatonin regulates circadian rhythm homeostasis in humans and has many other effects, which include antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects, as demonstrated by the reduced expressions of iNOS, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 and increased glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase activities. In this study, we investigated whether melatonin suppresses acrolein‐induced IL‐8 secretion in human pulmonary fibroblasts (HPFs). It was found that acrolein‐induced IL‐8 production was accompanied by increased levels of phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK1/2) in HPFs, and that melatonin suppressed IL‐8 production in HPFs. These results suggest that melatonin suppresses acrolein‐induced IL‐8 production via ERK1/2 and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt signal inhibition in HPFs.
NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF PIPELINES : MAGNETOACOUSTIC DIAGNOSTICS OF DEFORMATION НЕРАЗРУШАЮЩИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ ТРУБОПРОВОДОВ : МАГНИТОАКУСТИЧЕСКАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА ДЕФОРМАЦИИ

The quintessential feature of the metal overload and its reaching to the ultimate strength is a plastic deformation. Great attention is paid to the search for effective methods of non-destructive testing of stress levels and strains in the materials of oil and gas pipelines. Among the NDT methods that are embedded in the oil and gas transportation industry, significant attention is given to the acoustic emission (AE ) a method that has proved effective in detecting not only brittle fracture, but the plastic shear strain at fracture of plastic materials . However, the AE method is considered effective only when diagnosed object is subjected to stresses exceeding the normal operating levels (Kaiser effect) . The effect of elastic and plastic deformation of mild steel on the intensity of magnetoacoustic emission (MAE) have been studied with a measuring MAE system that has been engineered at Karpenko Physical-Mechanical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Studies using this system NDT were the primary objective of this work, which according to the parameters analyzed for the MAE signals from elastic and plastic deformation of commercial carbon steel. The principle of operation is based on the MAE non-antiparallel dynamics of domain walls. The observed trends in decreasing the MAE signal intensity with deformation confirm information known from the literature. The conducted measurements for the elastic straining were highly reproducible with high sensitivity of MAE signal parameters to elastic straining. Studies in the plastic region exhibited relatively lower repeatability and sensitivity of the MAE parameter to the level of plastic deformation. The presented results have demonstrated that MAE could be a
Miocene Floral Changes in the Circum-Japan Sea Areas — Their Implications in the Climatic Changes and the Time of Japan Sea Opening

The Miocene plant megafossil assemblages from the circum-Japan Sea areas, including southern Primorye, Korea, and Japan, were reviewed in terms of floristic composition and physiognomic characters. These attributes were used to understand the vegetation history during the formation of the Sea of Japan with its effects on floristic changes in each area. There was a temperature increase from the early early Miocene to the middle Miocene with a peak at the early– middle Miocene boundary, and subsequent temperature drop in the late Miocene in all floral successions. The early Miocene assemblages from each area are similar to one another, but the number of common species between those from the southern Primorye and Japanese Islands decreased since the middle Miocene, suggesting an influence of geographic separation of these areas possibly due to the rifting of the Sea of Japan. The degree of temperature increase was larger in the southern part (the Japanese Islands and southern Korean Peninsula), whereas it was much smaller in the northern part (southern Primorye and northern Korean Peninsula). Effects of cold and warm water currents both toward the north and south of the Sea of Japan were suggested for floristic differentiation of these areas.