Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Be active - physical activity for health in South Africa.

The Food-Based Dietary Guideline Be active provides a general and widely understood message that regular physical activity is health promoting. When considered in the South African context where chronic disease and risk factor prevalences are relatively high and physical activity participation is unexpectedly low this guideline is not only appropriate but once implemented may impact significantly on the overall population attributable risk due to an inactive or sedentary lifestyle. Successful implementation of the guideline depends in part on interpreting the effective dose-response associated with specific morbidity outcomes. Expert consensus recommends that individuals accumulate 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity on most days. This amount of exercise is associated with a more than 1.5-2-fold reduction in for example cardiovascular disease mortality. This document addresses the potential barriers to widespread adoption of physical activity at a community level and individual barriers to participation. Furthermore we review a theoretical framework known as the stages of change model to contextualise the stages that individuals undergo when adopting some lifestyle change such as physical activity. (authors)
Parent Engagement and Satisfaction in Public Charter and District Schools

Using nationally representative parent surveys over a 10-year period, this article asks if there were differences in parent engagement and satisfaction at public charter and district schools. It then examines whether any such differences persisted when accounting for observable school and family characteristics, including whether parents conducted a school search prior to selecting their child’s school. It finds that charter parents volunteered more but, in aggregate, were not more engaged in school-related activities, relative to district parents. In contrast, charter parents reported higher levels of satisfaction than district parents throughout the period. These differences persisted even when accounting for observable ways in which these families and schools differed.
Sudden Intrabulbar Amyloid Increase Simultaneously Disrupts Olfactory Bulb Oscillations and Odor Detection

There seems to be a correlation between soluble amyloid beta protein (Aβ) accumulation in the main olfactory bulb (OB) and smell deterioration in both Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and animal models. Moreover, this loss of smell appears to be related to alterations in neural network activity in several olfactory-related circuits, including the OB, as has been observed in anesthetized animals and brain slices. It is possible that there is a correlation between these two pathological phenomena, but a direct and simultaneous evaluation of the acute and direct effect of Aβ on OB activity while animals are actually smelling has not been performed. Thus, here, we tested the effects of acute intrabulbar injection of Aβ at a low dose (200 pmol) on the OB local field potential before and during the presence of a hidden piece of smelly food. Our results show that Aβ decreases the power of OB network activity while impairing the animal's ability to reach the hidden food. We found a strong relationship between the power of the OB oscillations and the correlation between OBs and the olfactory detection test scores. These findings provide a direct link between Aβ-induced OB network dysfunction and smell loss in rodents, which could be extrapolated to AD patients.
Immigrants and Workplace Training: Evidence from Canadian Linked Employer Employee Data

Job training is one of the most important aspects of skill formation and human capital accumulation. In this study we use longitudinal Canadian linked employer-employee data to examine whether white/visible minority immigrants and Canadian-borns experience different opportunities in two well-defined measures of firm-sponsored training: on-the-job training and classroom training. While we find no differences in on-the-job training between different groups, our results suggest that visible minority immigrants are significantly less likely to receive classroom training, and receive fewer and shorter classroom training courses, an experience that is not shared by white immigrants. For male visible minority immigrants, these gaps are entirely driven by their differential sorting into workplaces with less training opportunities. For their female counterparts however, they are mainly driven by differences that emerge within workplaces. We find no evidence that years spent in Canada or education level can appreciably reduce these gaps. Accounting for potential differences in career paths and hierarchical level also fails to explain these differences. We find however that these gaps are only experienced by visible minority immigrants who work in the for-profit sector, with those in the non-profit sector experiencing positive or no gaps in training. Finally, we show that other poor labor market outcomes of visible minority immigrants, including their wages and promotion opportunities, stem in part from these training gaps.
Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practice Guideline for Pediatric Obesity

Introduction: Pediatric obesity prevention and management is a high priority for pediatric providers. Pediatric providers use evidence-based clinical guidelines to integrate the best current recommendations into practice. The contention of this inquiry is that while practice guidelines and obesity programs address the “who, what, when, where, and why” of pediatric obesity interventions, the guidelines fail to address the “how” of the process that bolsters adherence and attacks the high attrition rates of obesity management. Objective: The objective of this practice inquiry is to evaluate Prevention and Treatment for Pediatric Obesity: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline Based on Expert Opinion using the Appraisal for Guidelines and Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument and to investigate techniques to improve adherence to the lifestyle changes recommended in the guideline, by synthesizing the current research for using motivational interviewing with obese pediatric patients, and propose a plan for translating the intervention to measurable outcomes. Methods: Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline Based on Expert Opinion was evaluated using the AGREE II instrument. The current recommendations are detailed based on the findings of a review of the literature. Using the RE-AIM framework, recommendations are made to determine the translation potential for the use of motivational interviewing to improve adherence to lifestyle recommendations, thus improving the current clinical practice guideline. Results: Review of the Endocrine Society’s CPG using the AGREE II instrument yielded an overall guideline quality rating of 6/7. The guideline is recommended for use with modifications to improve applicability. Integration of MI to the practice guideline and the use of the RE-AIM
The effect of povidone-iodine on postoperative wound infection in abdominal surgery.

: Wound healing following elective laparotomy was studied in 220 patients. The patients were divided into two groups; the first group received preoperative skin disinfection with alcohol 70% and iodine-tincture 2% and, before skin suturing, disinfection with iodine. The second group received preoperative skin disinfection with povidone-iodine 10% (Betadine) and, before skin closure, a 10% povidone-iodine solution was applied to the subcutis and skin edges. Complicated wound healing was seen in 21% of the first and 24% of the second group; wound sepsis rate was 13% and 16% respectively, in the majority of cases following colorectal surgery.
Legal Characters of Partnership Agreement 212 Mart

AbstractBased on partnership principles, partnership agreements can take place when one or more people have the same interests and awareness to work together to achieve common interests. Although the national economic conditions are currently experiencing a significant decline with low public purchasing power, which is marked by the many closures of retail businesses, but the desire to build a business in the form of partnership in this sector in certain groups of people is still showing encouraging development. One of them is the spirit of partnership in the establishment of 212 Mart Supermarkets in Indonesia, especially Medan City. This study uses a normative juridical approach, which is nature descriptive because it seeks to explain clearly the pattern of the agreement of establishing 212 Mart supermarkets, where the population is 218 agreement documents. The sample selection was determined purposively because of the form and content of the same agreement from each investor from several 212 Mart Supermarkets that had been established in Medan City. Based on research shown that partnership agreement 212 Mart has several legal characters namely that partnership agreement 212 mart was identified as an unnamed (anonymous) agreement, reciprocal agreement, as an agreement which gave birth to new partnerships, and jamaat-based agreements.Keywords: legal characters, partnership, agreement, 212 Mart
Bridging Methodological Divides Between Macro- and Microresearch: Endogeneity and Methods for Panel Data

Both macro- and micro-oriented researchers frequently use panel data where the outcome of interest is measured repeated times. Panel data support at least five different modeling frameworks (within, between, incremental/emergent, cross-level, and growth). Researchers from macro- and micro-oriented domains tend to differentially use the frameworks and also use different analytic tools and terminology when using the same modeling framework. These differences have the potential to inhibit cross-discipline communication. In this review, we explore how macro- and microresearchers approach panel data with a specific emphasis on the theoretical implications of choosing one framework versus another. We illustrate how fixed-effects and random-effects models differ and how they are similar, and we conduct a thorough review of 142 articles that used panel data in leading management journals in 2017. Ultimately, our review identifies ways that researchers can better employ fixed- and random-effects models, model time as a meaningful predictor or ensure unobserved time heterogeneity is controlled, and align hypotheses to analytic choice. In the end, our goal is to help facilitate communication and theory development between macro- and micro-oriented management researchers.
The role of mindfulness in the development of resilience in entrepreneurs

The development of resilience in entrepreneurs is viewed as a potential answer to coping with the increasingly competitive and uncertain environments they operate within. On the premise that resilience can be both taught and learnt, there has been a growth in interest in the role of holistic practices such as mindfulness meditation. Kabat-Zinn’s mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), Teasdale’s mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and Hayes Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) are three of the most commonly used by those seeking to practice, theorise or research mindfulness across multiple contexts. The primary aim of this study was to pilot the effectiveness of an 8-week combined MBSR/MBCT intervention informed by ACT on the psychological resilience of entrepreneurs. From reviewing the literature, the author puts forward the proposal that dimensions of the self (self-awareness and self-knowledge) are the underexplored linkages between both mindfulness and resilience and that these are improved through mindfulness skills building. 19 entrepreneurs participated in a one-day workshop, 8 weekly 2.5 hour sessions and undertook to practice mindfulness daily. They completed pre, during and post intervention measures: The Connor Davidson resilience scale and the Five-facet mindfulness questionnaire. Profile of mood, perceived stress and satisfaction with life were also measured as a means of assessing psychological wellbeing as secondary outcome measures. Findings demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in mindfulness, resilience and aspects of psychological well-being as a result of participation in the intervention. Consistent with other MBSR/MBCT intervention findings (Chaskalson, 2011), this experimental study provides further support for the effectiveness of Kabat Zinn’s (2003) secularised mindfulness intervention protocol for increasing resilience in the entrepreneur as a result of development of the self (self-awareness and self-knowledge). The study also offers preliminary support for the transformational potential of secularised mindfulness programmes informed by ACT in developing virtue ethics through the teaching of the moral foundations inherent in the Buddhist roots of the practice. The development of resilience and mindfulness is important to the entrepreneur in order to help them cope with and manage the complex business environment they operate within whilst maintaining positive mental health. However, mindfulness practice based on a simple input/output model is to denature the practice, thus the development of programmes of mindfulness for entrepreneur’s where the centrality of the ethical dimension is foregrounded is clearly paramount. If the entrepreneur is to gain both individual and social transformation and if we are to avoid a reductionist commodified form of the practice then an educational function of MBIs needs to be in the development of the ethical dimension.
The Influence of Successful Completion of a Spanish Course on Middle School Students’ Reading Comprehension

This quantitative, causal-comparative study investigated the effect of foreign language education on reading comprehension by students’ biological sex. The theoretical framework for this study is Piaget and Barlett’s Schema Theory. Participants in this study consisted of middle school students within a PK-8 school. A convenience sample of 200 students was selected, 100 males and 100 females. All students were given a pretest and posttest using the Scholastic Reading Inventory (SRI). Independent variables consisted of enrollment in a Spanish course and biological sex while the dependent variable was reading comprehension skills as determined by assessment results on the SRI. An analysis of covariance, ANCOVA, was used in analyzing the data collected in this study. When controlling for pretest scores, there was a significant difference in Lexile scores of students who took a Spanish course and those who did not, a significant difference in the Lexile scores of female students who took Spanish and those who did not, and a significant difference in the Lexile scores of male students who took Spanish and those who did not. However, there was not a significant difference in the Lexile scores based on biological sex of students taking Spanish after controlling for the pretest Lexile scores. For future studies, the following are recommended: using data from schools in different settings, such as in an urban environment, analyzing data from students of different grade levels, such as elementary or high school students, analyzing data from students who completed a foreign language course other than Spanish, and comparing results from students who completed different foreign language courses.
Do the Emotional Intelligence Levels of Prospective Teachers and Their Gestalt Contact Styles Predict Being Solution-Focused?

Available online: 06.08. 2019 The levels of empathy in teacher-student relationships and problem solving levels of teachers have been among the most studied subjects in educational environments. There was no study in which teachers' emotional intelligence, whether they had a solution-oriented approach and the ways of making contact were examined together. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and Gestalt contact styles and possessing a solution-focused point of view. Additionally, whether or not the aforementioned variables differentiated based on the type of teaching education the participants received was investigated. 840 prospective teachers participated in the study. The Solution-Focused Inventory, Emotional Intelligence Scale and Gestalt Contact Scale were utilised. It was determined that the students from education faculties were more solutionfocused and scored significantly higher points in communication contact style in comparison to those who were in the formation groups. Moreover, it was concluded that emotional intelligence and gestalt contact styles predicted being solution-focused at a rate of 22%.
When Bourgeois Utopias Meet Gentrification: Community and Diversity in a New Urbanist Neighborhood*

Abstract Scholars have recently begun to explore how social and politically liberal gentrifiers make sense of the classed and racial inequalities linked to gentrification. In this article I ask how residents of one new urbanist “bourgeois utopia”—the Mueller Development in Austin, Texas—experience and give meaning to their neighborhood in a context of gentrification. Drawing on 31 in-depth interviews I explain how new urbanism has reimagined and marketed “diversity” and “community” to middle-class and wealthy consumers and provides these to affluent people as neighborhood amenities. I show how residents draw on diversity ideology and multicultural capital to neutralize what they see as their neighborhood’s role in gentrification. In doing so this article adds to our theoretical understanding of how contemporary urban development exploits pursuits for the social good as rhetorical tools to assuage privileged guilt while promoting profitable enterprises.
The relationship between spiritual health, spiritual dissonance and positive mental health

In his doctoral work, Fisher (1998) developed a definition of spiritual health inspired by positive psychology. He described four domains of spiritual health, namely the personal, communal, environmental, and transcendental domains. He then defined spiritual health as ―a fundamental dimension of people’s overall health and well-being, permeating and integrating all the other dimensions of health (i.e., physical, mental, emotional, social and vocational)‖ (Fisher, 1998, p. 191). Although most of the scientific literature has found that religion and spirituality are negatively correlated to mental illness, the relationship between spiritual health, proposed by Fisher’s four domain model, and mental health has yet to be explored. Furthermore, in later writings, Fisher introduced the novel concept of spiritual dissonance which he defines as the difference between one’s actual spiritual lived-experience and one’s spiritual ideals. His model theoretically implies that spiritual dissonance would have a similar relationship to mental health as spiritual health; however, to this author’s knowledge, this has yet to be tested (Fisher, 2008). Mental health, as defined by Keyes, is not the mere absence of disease, but optimal emotional, psychological, and social functioning (Keyes, 2006b, 2007). Those three dimensions of positive mental health resemble the three dimensions that Fisher believes would be permeated by spiritual health and spiritual dissonance. The present thesis explored the relationship between spiritual health, spiritual dissonance, mental illness, and positive mental health in a convenient sample of undergraduate students from a Canadian university. The findings suggest that mental health is positively correlated to spiritual health (r = .40, p < .001) and negatively correlated to spiritual dissonance (r = -.39, p < .001). Furthermore, even though 22% of mental health variance was accounted for by psychological distress, an additional 13 % of variance was accounted for by spiritual health or 8% of variance Running head: SPIRITUAL HEALTH, DISSONANCE AND MENTAL HEALTH iii by spiritual dissonance. Both spiritual health and spiritual dissonance were significantly related to mental health and significant predictors of mental health. Running head: SPIRITUAL HEALTH, DISSONANCE AND MENTAL HEALTH iv
Learning Processes As Mediators Of The Relation Between Causal Attributions And Achievement

The present study investigated the relations between students’ academic performance, their causal attributions for academic success and failure (i.e., internal or external, stable or unstable attributions, respectively), and their learning approaches (i.e., deep and surface learning approaches). Participants were 284 university students (mean age=19.89, SD=2.53), 66.5% females and 33.5% males. Self-reported measures were used for assessing students’ both causal attributions and learning approaches. Our results showed that the surface learning approach correlated negatively, whereas the deep learning approach correlated positively with students’ academic performance. The latter was also significantly positively related only with the internal causal attributions (both ability and effort), but not with the external attributions. Both learning approaches mediated the relation between internal unstable attributions (i.e., effort) and academic performance, but only the deep approach mediated the relation between internal stable attributions (i.e., ability) and performance. Further, academic implications of these findings are outlined and discussed .
An exploration, using a SENCo questionnaire and a senior management semi-structured interview schedule, of the continuing professional development (CPD) arrangements in place in primary schools in one local authority cluster

This thesis describes a practitioner led exploration carried out in two phases: Phase 1. A scoping (Delphi) study that explored the school-based provision in place to meet the needs of pupils experiencing special educational needs, the outcome of which guided the choice of focus of the second phase. The scoping (Delphi) study findings highlighted the importance of continuing professional development (CPD) suggesting that it will have an increasingly significant role to play in preparing schools for a future in which they will become increasingly responsible for identifying, assessing, meeting, monitoring and reviewing the needs of their pupils. Phase 2. An exploration (using a SENCo questionnaire and a senior management semi-structured interview schedule) of the CPD arrangements in place in primary schools in one local authority cluster. The thesis describes, in as much detail as the available resources and goodwill allowed, the CPD practices that existed within one local authority cluster and compares these with best CPD practices as described in the literature In addition to presenting a summary of best CPD practices, conclusions are drawn, and recommendations made, regarding: actions that schools in the sample cluster might wish to take to improve the efficacy of their CPD practices, actions that I can take to improve the efficacy of my own CPD practices, and actions that I can take to inform the CPD practices of those organisations, agencies and professionals with or for whom I work.