Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survey on the Prevalence Rates of Intestinal Parasites in Diabetic Patients in Karaj and Savodjbolagh Cities

Diabetes mellitus is one of the predisposition disease which can lead to opportunistic infection like pathogens parasites. The prevalence of the diabetic patients infected with intestinal parasite in our country is almost undetected and the efficacy of the treatment or preventive methods are obscure. Therefore, this study was undertaken to elucidate the susceptibility and prevalence of diabetic patients infected with intestinal parasites in two cities of Karaj and Savodjbolagh in Tehran province, and also compare the infection level with non-diabetic healthy control group. In this descriptive and comparative study, 500 stool samples [250 (92 men and 158 women) from control and 250 (91 men and 159 women) from diabetic patients] were collected by conventional laboratory methods from June 2001 to 2002. Formalin-ether concentration technique was used for detection of general intestinal ova and parasites and modified acid-fast staining methods were employed for finding the oocysts of cryptosporidium and other intestinal coccidia. The results of this study indicated that intestinal parasites rate in diabetic patients is higher (39: 15.6%) than healthy control group (25: 10%). In the patient group at least one of the following intestinal parasites was observed: Giardia lamblia (9: 3.6%), Entamoeba coli (9: 3.6%), Cryptosporidium (6: 2.45%), Blastocystis hominis(6: 2.4%), Iodamoeba butschlii (2: 0.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides (2: 0.8%), Hymenolepis nana (2: 0.8%), 4 nucleited cyst (1: 0.4%), Endolimax nana (1: 0.4%) and Trichomonas hominis (1: 0.4%).
Liming and fertilisation in Pinus taeda plantations with severe nutrient deficiency in savanna soils

Soils with high acidity and low exchangeable bases may be responsible for low yields of Pinus taeda in a forest plantation at Jaguariaiva, Parana State, Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of liming and fertilisation, applied over litter, on two selected areas with Pinus taeda plantations. Soil, litter and pine needles were evaluated for K, Ca and Mg concentrations and soil acidity parameters. Seven treatments were applied: (i) complete (N, P, K, Zn, Cu, B, Mo, and lime); (ii) without N, P, and K; (iii) without Zn, Cu, B, and Mo; (iv) without K; (v) without Zn; (vi) without lime; and (vii) control (without nutrients and lime). Soil samples were collected at five soil depths (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm) simultaneously with litter samples. Needles were also collected from the first and second pine flushes. Liming induced soil pH, Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ increases, and the opposite was observed for Al 3+ and Al saturation. Fertilisation increased soil exchangeable K + concentrations and needle and litter K concentrations. The low Ca and Mg concentrations found in the plant needles might be attributable to their low mobility.
Inflation and Income Inequality: A Shopping-Time Aproach

Our work is based on a simplified heterogenous-agent shopping time economy in which economic agents present distinct productivities in the production of the consumption good, and differentiated access to transacting assets. The purpose of the model is to investigate whether, by focusing the analysis solely on endogenously determined shopping times, one can generate a positive correlation between inflation and income inequality. Our main result is to show that, provided the productivity of the interest-bearing asset in the transacting technology is high enough, it is true true that a positive link between inflation and income inequality is generated. Our next step is to show, through analysis of the steady-state equations, that our approach can be interpreted as a mirror image of the usual inflation-tax argument for income concentration. An example is offered to illustrate the mechanism.
Observation and Numerical Modeling of Test MSEW with Inextensible Inclusions and Coarse Crushed Stone Backfill

This paper presents behavioral observation and numerical modeling of test Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall (MSEW) under applied overburden load. Namely, the 6m wide and 3.2m high wall, with 10cm thick precast concrete panel face elements and embedded reinforcement length of 2.15m was built on stiff foundation soil. Welded wire mash Q335 was used as reinforcement. Stage-wise, the top of the wall was loaded with additional overburden weight in order to investigate the pre-failure wall behavior. The horizontal displacements were measured with an inclinometer installed in the middle of the wall length and geodetic survey of the wall face. Observed results were compared to the analysis results obtained from numerical model created using the geotechnical software Plaxis. Numerical model consisting of inextensible inclusions, which are embedded in crushed stone granular backfill, was introduced in order to simulate the transverse rib resistance during wall construction and after placement of surcharge load. Proposed numerical model for the behavior of MSEW with inextensible inclusions is in good agreement with measured values obtained on the test wall. The details of proposed model along with validation of results on numerical simulation of pull out test conducted on same materials are presented here.
Anamorphic development of Apfelbeckia insculpta (L. Koch, 1867) (Diplopoda: Callipodida: Schizopetalidae)

An overview of the anamorphic development of Apfelbeckia insculpta is provided. As in other myriapods and arthropods, post-embryonic period of the life cycle includes different stages that are separated by molts. Based on an earlier description of post-embryogenesis of A. insculpta and on our data, we describe ten stadia that occur after juveniles of our focal species hatch from the egg. Each molt is accompanied by the addition of podous and apodous pleurotergites, leg-pairs and ocelli. Thus, the numbers of these structures can be used as reliable criteria for the separation of post-embryonic stadia in A. insculpta . Adulthood is reached through teloanamorphosis, i.e., with the ninth and last molt individuals become sexually mature and achieve adulthood. Sexes can be distinguished from stadium VIII onward.
The Impact of Events Sponsorship on Attendee’s Purchase Intention: The Mediating Role of Brand Image

This study aims to investigate the impact of sponsorship events on the purchase intent of attendees, mediated by brand image. For the purpose of this study, attendee's purchase intention is treated as a dependent variable and brand image as a mediated variable. Independent variables are: brand awareness, attitude towards the event and event-sponsor fit. The study relied on collecting primary data through a self-prepared questionnaire. In total (400) questionnaires were distributed randomly to the sponsoring event attendees who could be reached by the researcher. Response rate was (96.75) percent. The results revealed all the variables under investigation have a significant effect on attendee’s purchase intention. The major effect on the attendee’s purchase intention was for brand awareness followed by attitude towards the event, the weakest effect was for event–sponsor fit. While the major effect on the attendee’s perception of the sponsoring brand image was for attitude towards the event followed by brand awareness, the event–sponsor fit was excluded. Furthermore, it is found that brand image mediates the relationship between brand awareness, attitude towards the event and attendee’s purchase intention.
A Welfare Interdependence Approach to Third-Party Punishment

of a doctoral essay at the University of Miami. Doctoral essay supervised by Professor Michael McCullough. No. of pages in text. (42) Third-party punishment—the targeted infliction of costs on behalf of another by an unaffected third party—has been demonstrated in several species, including humans. Here I propose that one of the functions of third-party punishment is to deter future harm to victims with whom the punisher’s welfare is interdependent. Additionally, I propose that this function is governed by psychological mechanisms that use internal regulatory variables called welfare trade-off ratios (WTRs) to guide social behavior via their outputs to motivational systems. Specifically, I propose that WTRs are used by the psychological mechanisms that regulate whether witnesses become angry in response to harms imposed on others, and thus, that they are key components of the system(s) that regulate thirdparty punishment. The goal of this dissertation was to test the causal role of welfare interdependence in third-party punishment by manipulating two WTR-relevant cues that were expected to raise subjects’ WTR toward a partner who was initially a stranger, and then creating a situation in which the partner was harmed by another stranger, followed by an opportunity for the subject to punish the transgressor. In a laboratory experiment with 250 subjects, neither manipulation significantly affected subjects’ WTRs for their partners. However, a noteworthy finding from this experiment is that there was not a significant amount of third-party punishment, which adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting third-party punishment on behalf of strangers is rare.
THE IMPORTANCE OF WRIST FLEXION AND X-FACTOR IN THE GOLF SWING: A FORWARD KINEMATIC APPROACH

This study aimed to investigate the importance of wrist flexion and trunk rotation relative to the pelvis about a vertical axis (X-factor) in the golf swing, through the use of kinematic simulation. Empirical data of 5 highly skilled golfers were collected using a 3D optoreflective system. A full body, 3D forward kinematic model was created that predicted the endpoint of the club to within 0.02 mm of the empirical data. X-factor rotation, then flexion of the wrist was locked at zero degrees throughout the downswing, with the effect on the kinematics of the club-head analysed. The results indicated that effective extension/flexion at the wrist is of great importance to performance with an average reduction of club-head velocity at impact of 46%, when wrist flexion is restricted during the downswing. Effective rotation of the trunk was also important to performance variables.
Tremors along the Queen Charlotte Margin triggered by large teleseismic earthquakes

We conduct a systematic search of tectonic tremors along the Queen Charlotte Margin (QCM) in western Canada triggered by distant earthquakes. We identify triggered tremor as non‐impulsive, high‐frequency signals coherent among several stations and coincident with passing surface waves. So far, the 2002 Mw7.9 Denali Fault, the 2004 Mw9.2 Sumatra, and the 2011 Mw9.1 Tohoku‐Oki earthquakes have triggered clear tremor in this region. The 2010 Mw8.8 Maule, Chile and the 2012 Mw8.6 Sumatra earthquakes may have triggered, but tremors in these two cases did not meet all of our criteria. The triggered tremors are mostly located east of the Queen Charlotte Fault in the southern portion of Haida Gwaii, near the epicenter of the 28 October 2012 Mw7.7 earthquake. Similar to the observations in other regions, the triggered tremors were initiated by the Love waves and continued during the subsequent Rayleigh waves. Tremor bursts correlate with both the particle velocity and displacement of the Love waves, indicating they are triggered at either low‐angle thrust or vertical strike‐slip faults. In addition, we find that the triggering potential for the QCM is controlled by a combination of amplitude, period, and incident angles.
An Extended Newmark-FDTD Method for Complex Dispersive Media

Based on polarizability in the form of a complex quadratic rational function, a novel finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) approach combined with the Newmark algorithm is presented for dealing with a complex dispersive medium. In this paper, the time-stepping equation of the polarization vector is derived by applying simultaneously the Newmark algorithm to the two sides of a second-order time-domain differential equation obtained from the relation between the polarization vector and electric field intensity in the frequency domain by the inverse Fourier transform. Then, its accuracy and stability are discussed from the two aspects of theoretical analysis and numerical computation. It is observed that this method possesses the advantages of high accuracy, high stability, and a wide application scope and can thus be applied to the treatment of many complex dispersion models, including the complex conjugate pole residue model, critical point model, modified Lorentz model, and complex quadratic rational function.
Biomass assessment in annelids: A photogrammetric method suitable for hatchlings and adults developed for Eisenia andrei

A simple photogrammetric, non-destructive method for measuring individual biomass in tubular soft-bodied organisms has been developed using Eisenia andrei. Photographic procedures can be easily performed with low cost digital cameras and the number of pictures to be processed can be reduced to two per animal (Variation Coefficient ≤ 3.5%) even at sizes ~10 mg live weight. Image analysis was undertaken using CobCal 2.0© software. No bias was induced by body position. Accuracy in terms of the regression coefficient of the equation (y=a*xb) relating portrayed area (mm2) to live weight (mg) was 98%. Two different procedures were designed for laboratory and field uses. No differences between methods appeared at sizes over eight mg live weight, resulting in a common function relating image area to live weight results (PS = 3.27*LW0.681). Below 8 mg, the weight exponent remained unchanged but the value for the elevation rose to 4.21 indicating an increase of surface exposure to the camera lens in newly-hatched worms: the visible part of the geometric area (cylinder shape) enlarged from 34% to 43.52%. As a conclusion this non-invasive procedure proved suitable for worms ranging from sizes of 0.2 to 3 000 mg live weight to determine biometric parameters such as length, volume, surface or body weight, which are key factors for interpreting physiological responses to underlying growth patterns.
Forest and rangeland owners value land for natural amenities and as financial investment

Forty-two percent of California's forests and rangelands are privately owned (34 million acres). These lands provide important ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, pollination and wildlife habitat, but little is known about the people who own and manage them. We surveyed forest and rangeland owners in California and found that these long-time landowners value their properties for their natural amenities and as a financial investment. Owners of large properties (500 or more acres) were significantly more likely to use their land for income production than owners of smaller properties, and they were also more likely to carry out or be interested in environmental improvements. Many forest and rangeland owners reported they had been previously approached to sell their land for development. Only about one-third had participated in conservation programs; few had conservation easements. This survey can help guide outreach and education efforts, and the development of information, policies, programs and financial incentives for landowners.
Estimation of total lightning from various storm parameters: A cloud-resolving model study

[1] Because explicit prediction of the electrical activity in storms is computationally expensive and the processes are still poorly understood, an attractive way to predict lightning flash rates in numerical models is to rely on correlations between the flash rate and available model parameters. Predicted flash rates can be used for applications such as the parameterization to infer lightning‐produced nitrogen oxides. In this study, the potential for six model parameters (precipitation ice mass, ice water path, ice mass flux product, updraft volume, maximum vertical velocity, and cloud top height) to predict lightning rate has been investigated in a cloud‐resolving model framework. The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) is used to simulate two different storms: the 10 July 1996 severe storm that occurred over the High Plains and the 13 July 2005 airmass thunderstorm near Huntsville, Alabama. It is shown that the WRF model reproduces the structure of the two storms. Results show that the maximum updraft velocity gives a good flash rate proxy for the severe storm. The ice mass flux product and precipitation ice mass can reproduce the flash rate trend but not the magnitude. The flash rate estimated from the cloud top height does not match the observed flash rate trend and value of the severe storm, but is in good agreement for the airmass thunderstorm. The ice water path predicts flash rate fairly well for the severe storm, but overpredicts it for the airmass thunderstorm. The updraft volume predicts flash rate poorly for both storms.
The impact of hospitalization on periodontal health status: an observational study

ABSTRACT ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of hospitalization on the periodontal status of patients admitted to a private hospital. MethodsA sample of 41 patients answered a questionnaire on oral hygiene habits before and after hospitalization. An examiner measured the Periodontal Screening and Recording ratio (PSR) within 24 hours after hospitalization (T0), after five (T1) and after ten days of hospital admission (T2). Results47 patients were examined at T0, 37 at T1 and 21 at T2. Between T0 and T1, the periodontal condition of 32.4% of patients worsened (p = 0.001). The score of ten patients changed from PSR = 0 to PSR = 1 and the score of two changed from PSR = 1 to PSR = 2, after 5 days of hospitalization. At T2, 38% of patients had deteriorated (p = 0.005) with 4 developing gingival bleeding and 4 presenting calculus. 19% of patients (p=0.046) declined between T1 and T2, and 4 patients presented calculus. None of the patients received any guidance on oral hygiene by hospital staff.ConclusionThe periodontal condition of hospitalized patients deteriorated over the course of the stay in hospital and, consequently, there was an increased need for treatment. This draws attention to the importance of oral hygiene care in hospital.Indexing terms: Dental care. Hospitalization. Length of stay. Oral health. Oral hygiene. Periodontal diseases.
Performance, body and carcass composition and bone characteristics of pigs fed rapeseed and soyabean meal-cereal diets supplemented with microbial phytase

Thirty-three female pigs from 25 to 70 kg body weight were fed isocaloric and isoprotein diets composed of rapeseed (RSM) or soyabean meal (SBM) and a wheat-barley mixture with high intrinsic phytase content (over 900 FTU/kg). Basal diets containing 0.19-0.20% of digestible P were unsupplemented or supplemented with either microbial phytase (1000 FTU/kg, Natuphos®) or dicalcium phosphate to the level of 0.25% recommended for growing pigs. Apparent digestibility of nutrients, growth performance, carcass value, physical properties of the femur, third metatarsal and metacarpal and chemical composition of the whole bodies of pigs were investigated. Microbial phytase supplementation increased (P<0.01) the content of digestible P to a higher degree in the diet with RSM (0.78 g) than with SBM (0.48 g/kg), and in the empty body increased ash, calcium and phosphorus contents by 1.55, 0.58 and 0.34 g/kg, respectively. The phytase-supplemented pigs had similar Ca:P ratios as unsupplemented ones and higher (PO.01) ratios of ash and phosphorus to protein in their bodies. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, protein and energy content in the body and physico-mechanical properties of the femur and metatarsal were not * This study was funded by the SGRP/HTDT (High Technology Development Project for Agriculture and Forestry) of the Korean Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry 534 MICROBAL PHYTASE FOR PIGS changed by phytase or dicalcium supplementation, except the strength value in the third metacarpal which was higher in pigs receiving the diet supplemented with inorganic P. Utilisation of digestible P was significantly higher (85-87%) in pigs fed basal diets than in animals fed diets supplemented with microbial phytase or dicalcium phosphate (67-73%). Daily protein deposition in the body was not decreased by reducing the P content in the diet to 0.19%). RSM, as the high protein feed in the diet with barley and wheat, supplied a sufficient amount of P to cover the requirements of growing pigs. The results of the experiment indicated that cereal phytase has a beneficial effect on total phytic P utilisation.
Opportunities in adoption of commercial fish farming as a new enterprise for small scale farmers in Kisii county, Kenya

The paper focuses on the opportunities which are present in the livestock sector in terms of new enterprises and which are not exploited by the farmers in the study area. It analyses the socioeconomics behind adoption of fish farming as an enterprisedescribing the adopters’ characteristics and explaining the factors that influence the adoption process. Most of the analyzed factors are important and significantly influence the decision to adopt fish farming enterprise, with land size only having a negative relationship. The enterprise is also found to be a profitable venture when the financial analysis is done.
Effect of 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid on in vitro fermentation characteristics and methanogen population.

: An in vitro incubation study was conducted to investigate effects of 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid (BES) on ruminal fermentation characteristics and methanogen population. BES at the final concentration of 0, 1 and 5 mM with two different substrates having a different ratio of timothy and concentrate (100% timothy vs. 40% timothy-60% concentrate) was incubated for 0, 24, 48 and 72 h in a 39°C incubator. Total DNA extracted from culture fluid was used as a template for real-time PCR to measure the population of methanogens. Four different primer sets were used for amplification of total bacteria, total methanogens, the order Methanobacteriales and the order Methanomicrobiales. BES reduced (p<0.01) total gas and methane production in a dose-dependent manner. BES at 5 mM inhibited methane production by more than 95% compared to the control. An interaction between substrate and level of BES in total gas and methane was detected (p<0.01). The decrease of methane production with increasing BES level was more pronounced on mixed substrate than on timothy alone. However, hydrogen production was increased by BES treatment (p<0.01). Total VFA concentration was not affected, but molar percentage of propionate and butyrate was increased and acetate to propionate ratio was reduced by BES treatment (p<0.01). BES did not affect the population density of total bacteria but reduced (p<0.01) the population of total methanogens, the order Methanobacteriales and the order Methanomicrobiales in a dose-dependent manner. The type of substrate did not influence the trend, although the magnitude of response was different between all-roughage and 40% roughage substrate.