Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Message Fatigue toward Health Messages Leads to Ineffective Persuasive Outcomes: Examining the Mediating Roles of Reactance and Inattention

Message fatigue refers to a state of being exhausted and tired of prolonged exposure to similarly-themed messages (e.g., anti-obesity messages; So, Kim, & Cohen, 2017). This study tests a mediational model that accounts for how one’s preexisting fatigue toward anti-obesity messages may contribute to two different types of resistance—reactance and disengagement—toward an incoming anti-obesity message, which, in turn, reduce intention to adopt weight-management behaviors advocated in the message. The proposed model was tested in an experimental study (N = 312) involving a sample of overweight or obese adults in the United States. In the meditational model, reactance significantly mediated the negative effects of message fatigue on intention to adopt only one of four weight-management behaviors promoted in the message. However, inattention, which was an operationalization of disengagement, significantly mediated the negative effects of message fatigue on behavioral intention to adopt all four weight-management behaviors. This study urges future research on message fatigue and resistance to persuasion to consider disengagement with a message as a significant barrier to effective health communication and to devise ways to increase engagement with messages communicating “overtaught” health issues.
Assessment of symptom exacerbations in a longitudinal study of children with Tourette's syndrome or obsessive-compulsive disorder.

OBJECTIVES The severity of tic and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms varies over time. Consequently, how do we, as clinicians, know when a change in symptom severity occurs that falls outside of the normal range of fluctuation? The goal of this study was to describe the level of symptom severity fluctuation over time and to establish an objective, prospective, and quantitative method for identifying symptom exacerbations in children with Tourette's syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), or both. A second major aim was to assess whether fluctuations in tic and OC symptom severity covaried with one another. METHOD Monthly consecutive Yale Global Tic Severity Scale and Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale scores were prospectively obtained in 64 children diagnosed with Tourette's syndrome and/or OCD for periods ranging from 3 to 39 months. Exacerbation thresholds were estimated by using state-of-the-art bootstrap methods. These thresholds were then independently evaluated by asking two expert clinicians to identify, retrospectively, clinically significant exacerbations based on a review of all available clinical and research records. RESULTS The severity of tic and OC symptoms displayed a high degree of intrasubject variability. Exacerbation thresholds, which incorporated the change score from the previous month and the current symptom score, provided the best agreement with those of expert clinicians. When both tic and OC symptoms were present, they showed a significant degree of covariation. CONCLUSIONS Evidence-based treatments are coming of age. The use of valid, clinician-rated severity scales will likely become a standard part of clinical practice. Bootstrapping methods may provide a quantitative and convenient way to obtain clinically valid thresholds to assess tic and OC symptom exacerbations. This method has the potential to be applied to other symptom domains where exacerbation thresholds are needed.
Contact Dermatitis to Topical Medicaments: A Retrospective Chart Review From the Ottawa Hospital Patch Test Clinic

Background: Topical medicaments are a common cause of allergic contact dermatitis. This study will evaluate the prevalence of contact allergy to a wide array of topical medicaments at the Ottawa Patch Test Clinic. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to report the results of positive patch testing to topical medicaments at the Ottawa Patch Test Clinic and identify common sensitizers in topical medicaments. Methods: Patients were tested with the standard North American Contact Dermatitis screening series of 70 allergens plus supplementary allergens when indicated. A retrospective chart review of patients positive to topical medicaments between January 1, 2000, and September 30, 2010, was undertaken. Results: The average age of patients was 49.5 years. Thirty‐four percent were atopic. Common sensitizers included topical antibiotics (58%), steroids (30%), anesthetics (6%), and antifungals (6%). Patch testing showed that 61% of patients tested positive to antibiotics, 21% to topical steroids, 17% tested positive to topical anesthetics, and 1% tested positive to topical antifungals. The most common reactions were to bacitracin (44%) and neomycin (29%). The most common steroid screener was tixocortol‐17‐pivalate (group A) (19%), and the most common local anesthetic was lidocaine (12%). Conclusions: Topical medicaments of all kinds are common causes of allergic contact dermatitis. Those that are more readily available, in over‐the‐counter preparations, are the most frequent culprits.
Hydrophobic Calcium Carbonate for Cement Surface

This report describes a novel way to generate a highly effective hydrophobic cement surface via a carbonation route using sodium stearate. Carbonation reaction was carried out at different temperatures to investigate the hydrophobicity and morphology of the calcium carbonate formed with this process. With increasing temperatures, the particles changed from irregular shapes to more uniform rod-like structures and then aggregated to form a plate-like formation. The contact angle against water was found to increase with increasing temperature; after 90 °C there was no further increase. The maximum contact angle of 129° was obtained at the temperature of 60 °C. It was also found that carbonation increased the micro hardness of the cement material. The micro hardness was found to be dependent on the morphology of the CaCO3 particles. The rod like structures which caused increased mineral filler produced a material with enhanced strength. The 13C cross polarization magic-angle spinning NMR spectra gave plausible explanation of the interaction of organic-inorganic moieties.
Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome: changing spectrum of lung injury after marrow transplantation.

BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to describe the incidence, clinical course, and risk factors for the idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS), compared with those previously described for "idiopathic pneumonia," after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). METHODS Our study design was a case-series review with determination of risk by comparison with unaffected controls by log-rank or Fisher's exact (two-tailed) test and logistic regression analyses. The study group comprised 1165 consecutive marrow recipients at a single center from 1988 to 1991. RESULTS IPS was documented in 85 BMT recipients (7.3%) by bronchoalveolar lavage (n=68), open lung biopsy (n=3), or autopsy (n=14). The calculated actuarial incidence for IPS within 120 days after BMT was 7.7%. Median time to onset was 21 days (mean 34+/-30). Hospital mortality was 74%, and 53 BMT recipients (62%) died with progressive respiratory failure. IPS resolved in 22 patients (26%); 18 patients (21%) survived to discharge. Mechanical ventilation was required by 59 BMT recipients (69%), within a median of 2 days of onset of infiltrates. Two of these 59 recipients (3%) survived to discharge. Pulmonary infection (predominantly fungal) was noted in 7 of 25 (28%) BMT recipients who had an autopsy. Potential risk factors for IPS were assessed in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Although the incidence was not significantly different between autologous (5.7%) and allogeneic marrow recipients (7.6%), risks were identified only for the latter: malignancy other than leukemia (odds ratio=6.5 compared with aplastic anemia), and grade 4 graft-versus-host disease (odds ratio=5.4 compared with lower grades). No factors were associated with recovery. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of idiopathic lung injury seems lower, the onset earlier, and the risk factors different from those previously reported. The major risks seem to be regimen-related toxicity and multi-organ dysfunction associated with alloreactive processes.
Anthropometric measurements of the orbita and gender prediction with three-dimensional computed tomography images.

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to investigate the orbital anthropometric variations in the normal population using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) images and to define the effects of age and gender on orbital anthropometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three-dimensional orbita CT of 280 patients, obtained for various reasons, were retrospectively evaluated in 772-bed referral and tertiary-care hospital between April 2011 and June 2012. Using 3D images, orbital width, height, biorbital-interorbital diameter and orbital index were measured. Measurements were obtained comparing right and left sides and male to female. The relation of the results with age and gender was analysed. RESULTS Right orbit was found to be wider than left (p < 0.0001). Male patients had wider (p < 0.0001) and higher (p = 0.0001) orbits. Right orbital index was found to be smaller than the left one (p = 0.005). No differences were found between the genders in terms of right and left orbital indexes (p > 0.05). Biorbital (p < 0.0001) and interorbital (p = 0.01) widths were found to be higher in males. There was no relation between the age change and the parameters defined (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS No relation was found between age and orbital measurements. It was concluded that orbital images obtained with 3D-CT may be used as a method for gender evaluation.
Letter to the editor: A case report of two siblings with familial leukoencephalopathy in normotensive male adults with alopecia and lumbago

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Chronic Venous Disorders and Injection Drug Use: Impact on Balance, Gait, and Walk Speed

PURPOSE Injection drug users are at high risk for chronic venous disorders (CVD), a condition resulting in a progressive deterioration of venous function of the legs. However, the effects of CVD on walking mobility in this population have not been studied. We examined a causal model of the relationship between injection drug use, CVD, and Walking Mobility. The validity of the Tinetti Balance and Gait scales and walk speed as a composite measure of Walking Mobility was also explored. SETTING AND SUBJECTS The participants were 104 men and women from a methadone maintenance treatment center. Drug use included 18 persons who injected drugs only in the hands, arms, and above the waist; 70 who injected all over the body including the lower extremities; and 16 who never injected drugs but used illegal substances by other routes. Forty-nine percent of participants had moderate to severe CVD. DESIGN Participants were classified into 2 groups according to their history of injection drug use: (a) those who injected in the lower extremities (n = 70) and (b) those who injected in the arms plus those who did not inject (n = 34). All measurements were obtained at baseline and again approximately 6.5 weeks later. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the causal effect of CVD on Walking Mobility. The validity of the Balance and Gait scales and the walk time variable as measures of a Walking Mobility factor was examined using a second-order confirmatory factor analysis. INSTRUMENTS Questionnaires included the Demographic and Health History and Drug History. The lower extremities were evaluated with the clinical portion of the Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology classification. Participants completed the Tinetti Balance and Gait test. A timed 6-m walk at the person's normal pace was used to calculate walk speed. RESULTS Test-retest reliability of the Tinetti Balance and Gait test and walk speed ranged from 0.79 to 0.86. Balance and gait scores were skewed toward the high end of the scale. Walking speed was slow. The leg-injecting group had lower Balance (P < .05) and Gait (P < .01) scores. A structural equation modeling showed that CVD was related to Walking Mobility after controlling for age, gender, body mass index, and comorbidities. Injection drug use and age were linked to Walking Mobility through CVD severity. Although fall information was not collected as part of our study, 15% of participants had a Tinetti score of less than 19, indicating a high risk for falls. CONCLUSIONS Tinetti Balance and Gait scales and walking speed are reliable and valid measures for the evaluation of walking mobility among persons with a history of drug use. Further research is needed to alleviate the impact of venous disease on walking mobility.
Impact of Maternal Household Decision-Making Autonomy on Child Nutritional Status in Bangladesh

This study examines the relationship between maternal household decision-making autonomy and children’s nutritional status using data from 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. The analyses are restricted to 2056 currently married, nonpregnant women aged 15 to 49 years who had at least 1 birth 5 years preceding the survey. Theoretically relevant predictors of children’s nutritional status including maternal autonomy are analyzed to identify factors significantly associated with children’s nutritional status using stepwise logistic regression. Results indicate that 34.8% children are stunted, 16.1% are wasted, and 45.9% children are underweight. Children whose mothers participated in making all household decisions are 15%, 16%, and 32% significantly less likely to be stunted (odds ratio = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.67-0.98), underweight (odds ratio = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.70-0.98), and wasted (odds ratio = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.52-0.90), respectively, than mothers who did not participate in making any decision. Increasing maternal decision-making autonomy may reduce the prevalence of malnourished children as well as contribute to have a healthier future generation.
Mitoxantrone, etoposide and ara‐C vs doxorubicin‐DNA, ara‐C, thioguanine, vincristine and prednisolone in the treatment of patients with acute myelocytic leukaemia. A randomized comparison

Abstract: Complex‐binding of anthracyclines to DNA may increase their therapeutic efficacy. In a previous randomized trial patients with acute myelocytic leukaemia (AML) receiving combination chemotherapy including a DNA‐bound doxorubicin preparation had a longer duration of first complete remission (CR) and survival than patients receiving free doxorubicin. In a parallel phase I/II study a combination of mitoxantrone, etoposide and ara‐C (MEA) was found to have a high antileukaemic activity. In this randomized study of AML patients (15–60 years) induction treatment with MEA was compared to a combination of doxorubicin/DNA conjugate ara‐C, thioguanine, vincristine and prednisolone (POCAL‐DNA). The study was closed after an interim analysis of 86 patients. Thirty‐five/42 (83%) and 20/44 (45%) patients entered CR in the MEA and POCAL‐DNA groups, respectively (p < 0.001). With rescue therapy the corresponding figures were 88 and 64% (p < 0.02). Median survival was 27.8 and 13.1 months for MEA and POCAL‐DNA patients, respectively (p < 0.03). In conclusion, the MEA regimen has a very high antileukaemic activity in good accordance with our previous experience. Since we could not reproduce our earlier clinical results using DNA‐bound anthracyclines, the source and preparation of DNA seem to be of major importance.
Hormone Therapy in Coronary Artery Disease Effects of Raloxifene on Endothelium-Dependent Dilation , Lipoproteins , and Markers of Vascular Function in Postmenopausal Women With Coronary Artery Disease

OBJECTIVES We sought to assess the effects of raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, on arterial physiology and biology in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease (CAD). BACKGROUND Raloxifene improves endothelial function and markers of vascular health in vitro in experimental animals and in healthy postmenopausal women. In women whose arteries are affected by advanced atherosclerosis, however, the vascular effects of estrogen receptor modulation are unknown. METHODS We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of raloxifene, 60 mg/day for 8 weeks, in 33 consecutively eligible and consenting postmenopausal women age 50 to 75 years with known CAD. Parameters measured at the beginning and end of each treatment period included brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), the primary end point, as well as nitroglycerin-induced dilation, peripheral artery tonometry, serum lipoprotein levels, and markers of vascular function, including urinary prostaglandin, serum endothelin-1, and fibrinogen levels. RESULTS Baseline FMD was impaired in these women, as expected (2.84 0.60%), but there was no significant difference between the effect of raloxifene (0.26 0.66% increase) and placebo (0.01 0.63% decrease) on this marker of endothelial function (p 0.82). No significant raloxifene-related effects were observed on derived aortic pressure, pulse pressure, augmentation index, total cholesterol or lowand high-density lipoprotein subfractions, markers of thrombosis, or vasoconstrictor or vasodilator substances. CONCLUSIONS In postmenopausal women with treated CAD, selective estrogen receptor modulation with raloxifene does not improve a comprehensive set of parameters examining vascular function and serum lipoprotein levels. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:698–704) © 2003 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
Persistency of Poverty , Financial Frictions , and Entrepreneurship

Do nancial constraints have persistent e¤ects on the creation of businesses, or should we expect that forward-looking individuals always save their way out of credit constraints? This paper studies the interaction between savings and the decision to become an entrepreneur in a multiperiod model with borrowing constraints to answer this question. The model has a simple threshold property: able individuals who start with wealth above a threshold save to become entrepreneurs, while those who start below this threshold remain wage earners forever. The threshold wealth such that able entrepreneurs nd it bene cial to save decreases with entrepreneurial ability, i.e., the magniture of individual poverty traps decreases with entrepreneurial ability. Still, calibrated examples show that the magnitude of individual poverty traps can be large, specially if returns to scale are calibrated to be large. I thank Fernando Alvarez, Gary Becker, Mariacristina De Nardi, Xavier Gine, Boyan Jovanovic, Joe Kaboski, Robert Townsend and Iván Werning for valuable comments and suggestions. I also bene ted from comments of participants at various seminars. E-mail: f-buera@northwestern.edu
Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in fruits of clone and ungrafted genotypes of yellow mombin tree

Yellow mombin is a fruit tree that grows spontaneously in the Semi-Arid Northeastern Brazil. Its fruits are still extractively exploited. The pulp of yellow mombin fruit stands out regarding the commercial aspect due to the characteristic flavor and aroma felt when consumed in diverse ways. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of bioactive compounds, total extractable polyphenols, and antioxidant activity of yellow mombin fruits (Spondias mombin, L.), from clone and ungrafted genotypes. The fruits were harvested at commercial maturity from twelve yellow mombin tree genotypes from an experimental orchard located at the municipality of Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil, and evaluated for chlorophyll, carotenoids, yellow flavonoids, total extractable polyphenols, and antioxidant activity, which was measured by the β-carotene/linoleic acid method. The antioxidant activity showed a percentage of inhibition of oxidation higher than 75% for all genotypes evaluated at the time of 120 minutes. The fruits from clone genotypes showed a higher percentage of antioxidant activity.
C-Reactive Protein and Cardiovascular Risk: Will the Controversy End after CANTOS?

Featured Article: Koenig W, Sund M, Frohlich M, Fischer HG, Lowel H, Doring A, et al. C-reactive protein, a sensitive marker of inflammation, predicts future risk of coronary heart disease in initially healthy middle-aged men: results from the MONICA (Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) Augsburg Cohort Study, 1984 to 1992. Circulation 1999;99:237–42.3 Rarely in cardiovascular medicine has a molecule split the scientific community for such a long time and provided a topic for many not only scientific but also emotional discussions. C-reactive protein (CRP)4, discovered in 1930 by Tillet and Francis, represents an important component of the innate immune system. In the 1990s, CRP was used to diagnose bacterial infections and to monitor antiinfective treatment. During this time, there was a paradigm change stressing the role of thrombosis and inflammation in triggering acute coronary syndrome events. However, as occasionally happens in science, just by coincidence CRP raised the interest of researchers as a potential predictor of cardiovascular …