Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid Treatment on Laminin Alteration of the Sciatic Nerve in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Neuropathy is one of the most complications of diabetes that may be associated with changes in the structure and function of the basement membranes in nerves. Laminin is one of the most important components of basement membranes in sciatic nerve. Objectives: In this study, the protective effects of Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) as an antioxidant agent on blood glucose level, body weight and laminin expression in sciatic nerve of diabetic rats has been evaluated. Materials and Methods: 24 adult male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, untreated diabetic and diabetic treated with ALA. Diabetes was induced in the rats by a single dose injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). 12 weeks after treatment, body weight and blood glucose levels were measured and then rats were anesthetized and sciatic nerves were removed and alterations in laminin expression has been evaluated by immunohistochemical study and Real time PCR method. Statistical evaluation was carried out by using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. Results: Untreated diabetic rats showed a significant increase in laminin expression in the perineurium, around the Schwann cells and blood vessels walls of the sciatic nerves (P < 0.05). ALA treatment did not affect on body weight, but significantly decreased blood glucose levels (P < 0.05). ALA treatment significantly decreased laminin expression only in the blood vessels walls of sciatic nerves (P < 0.05). Laminin β1 mRNA level in sciatic nerve of untreated diabetic rats increased 0.6 fold compared to control rats (P < 0.05). Although ALA decreased this up regulation but it was not significant. Conclusions: The results indicated that untreated diabetic neuropathy in rat might be associated with increased laminin expression in sciatic nerve and also it may be assumed that ALA treatment protected the blood vessels walls of nerves against laminin over expression in STZ induced diabetic rats.
Oral Health Care Receipt and Self-Rated Oral Health for Diverse Asian American Subgroups in New York City

Objectives To identify determinants of receipt of annual oral health examinations and self-rated oral health among diverse Asian American subgroups. Methods We used data from the Community Health Resources and Needs Assessment, a community-based survey of Asian American immigrant adults conducted in the New York City metropolitan region from 2013 to 2016 (n = 1288). We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess determinants of oral health care receipt and self-rated oral health. Results Failure to receive an annual oral health examination was common in this sample (41.5%) and was more frequent for participants who were younger and male and those who had poorer English fluency and lower educational attainment. Not having dental insurance versus having private dental insurance resulted in 2 to 3 times the odds of nonreceipt of oral health care and poor self-rated oral health. Conclusions Nonreceipt of annual oral health examinations and poor self-rated oral health were common across Asian American subgroups. Facilitating dental insurance sign-up and providing in-language services may improve oral health care access and ultimately oral health among Asian American immigrants.
Jail Booking as an Occasion for HIV Care Reengagement: A Surveillance-Based Study

Objectives To examine population and HIV care outcomes of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at their first incarceration of 2014 in 2 county jails in King County, Washington. Methods Using HIV surveillance data linked with jail booking data, we examined demographic information, viral loads, CD4 counts, and incarceration details for the period prior to jail booking, during incarceration, and year following jail release. Results In 2014, 202 PLWHA were incarcerated, 51% of whom were virally nonsuppressed at booking. This population represented approximately 3% of all HIV-diagnosed persons and 7% of virally nonsuppressed persons in King County. Within a year of release, 62% were virally suppressed, compared with 79% of the general HIV-diagnosed population in King County. Conclusions Incarcerated PLWHA are disproportionately virally nonsuppressed compared with nonincarcerated PLWHA up to a year after release from jail. Public Health Implications Coordination of health information exchange between the health department and jails could enhance public health efforts to improve the HIV care continuum.
Giant aortic arch thrombus, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298C heterozygous gene mutation, smoking and hormonal replacement therapy

We report the case of a mobile aortic arch thrombus possibly induced by the combination of postmenopausal hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and cigarette smoking in a woman with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298C mutation. No other cause for her illness could be identified despite an extensive laboratory work-up for thrombophilic state. Surgical exploration showed the floating aortic arch thrombus attached on a histologically normal aortic wall. At an 8-year follow-up, she remained free of recurrence after discontinuation of HRT and counseling to quit smoking. The probable synergistic impact of tobacco smoking as an additional risk factor for thrombophilic events in women with MTHFR variant and using HRT has yet to be determined. Previous studies and case reports focusing on MTFHR variation and the incidence of thrombotic events have provided conflicting evidence of an association. With the understanding that this case does not yet ascribe cause-and-effect relationship between MTHFR variant and clot formation, important public health concerns are raised. The prevalence of MTHFR A1298C genotype is population-specific, implying that permissive geneenvironment interactions other than genetic mutation alone may also be relevant in establishing a clinically overt disease. Causality remains to be proven in prospective evaluation across diverse geographic areas taking into account interactions with dietary and other life-style risk factors. Furthermore, in such genetically predisposed patients, future genome-wide association studies to identify loci variants that determine the overall susceptibility to thrombosis may prove helpful to derive preventive interventions.
Simultaneous and Longitudinal Comparison of Interferon Gamma Release Assay Data from Health Care Workers in Japan

Background: Tuberculosis is one of the serious occupational diseases among health care workers, especially those who work with patients suffering from respiratory disorders. It is important to assess latent tuberculosis infection status in such workers using interferon- release assays, including QuantiFERON-TB Gold and its successor, the QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-Tube test. Although the relative efficacies of these two methods have been evaluated in patients with tuberculosis, data from health care workers in Japan have not been extensively examined. Purpose: In the present study, we examined the utilities of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold and QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-Tube tests to detect latent tuberculosis infections in staff working in a respiratory disease hospital in Japan. We also longitudinally compared data from these subjects obtained using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay. Methods: We collected blood samples from 120 staff members and performed both the QuantiFERON-TB Gold and QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-Tube assays. A total of 58 subjects had previously been tested 5 years prior using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay, and we compared these data with our more recent information. Results: The QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-Tube test tended to yield higher test values than did the QuantiFERONTB Gold test, suggesting that the former test may be more sensitive when used to detect latent tuberculosis infection. In both tests, the results differed in 32 instances (26.7%), associated with significant difference (p<0.001, =0.55). In 94 subjects with negative QuantiFERON-TB Gold test results, 16 (17.0%) were intermediate and 11 (11.7%) positive by QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-Tube test. The longitudinal comparison confirmed this suggestion. The number of subjects rated “intermediate” in terms of tuberculosis status differed, with statistical significance, when the two datasets were compared. Conclusion: Health care workers should be screened for possible tuberculosis infections using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-Tube test, which is more sensitive than the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test.
Fe en Acción: Promoting Physical Activity Among Churchgoing Latinas

Objectives To evaluate the impact of a faith-based intervention to promote physical activity in Latinas. Methods We randomized 16 churches in San Diego County, California, to a physical activity intervention or cancer screening comparison condition (n = 436). The intervention followed an ecological framework and involved promotoras. We examined 12-month intervention effects, including accelerometer-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; primary outcome) and secondary outcomes. We conducted the study from 2010 to 2016. Results Mixed effects analyses showed significant increases in accelerometer-based MVPA (effect size = 0.25) and self-report leisure-time MVPA (effect size = 0.38) among Latinas in the intervention versus comparison condition. Participants in the intervention condition had about 66% higher odds of meeting the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines, had reduced body mass index (effect size = 0.23), and used more behavioral strategies for engaging in physical activity (effect size = 0.42). Program attendance was associated with increased self-reported leisure-time MVPA and the number of motivational interviewing calls was associated with meeting the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines. Conclusions A faith-based intervention was effective in increasing MVPA and decreasing body mass index among participants. Process analyses showed the value of program attendance and motivational interviewing calls.
Fixed-ratio combination oxycodone/naloxone compared with oxycodone alone for the relief of opioid-induced constipation in moderate-to-severe noncancer pain

ABSTRACT Objective: Opioid therapy is frequently associated with treatment-limiting constipation. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist with low oral systemic bioavailability. This Phase III clinical trial assessed the safety and efficacy of an oral fixed-ratio combination of oxycodone prolonged-release (PR) and naloxone PR compared with oxycodone PR in relieving opioid-induced constipation. Study design: This double-blind, multicenter trial was conducted in specialist and primary care centers in four European countries in an out-patients setting. The study included 322 adult patients with moderate-to-severe, noncancer pain requiring opioid therapy in a range of ≥20 mg/day and ≤50 mg/day oxycodone. Following a run-in phase patients were randomized to receive oxycodone PR/naloxone PR or oxycodone PR for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was improvement in constipation as measured using the Bowel Function Index (BFI). Secondary/exploratory assessments focused on pain intensity and additional bowel parameters. Trial registration: NCT00412152. Results: A significant improvement in BFI scores occurred with oxycodone PR/naloxone PR compared with oxycodone PR after 4 weeks of double-blind treatment (−26.9 vs. −9.4, respectively; p < 0.0001), observed after only 1 week of treatment and continued until study end. A significant increase in the number of complete spontaneous bowel movements and decrease in laxative use were also reported. This improvement in bowel function was achieved without compromising the analgesic efficacy of the oxycodone component; pain intensity remained constant throughout the study. The incidence of adverse events was comparable in both groups and consistent with those expected of opioid analgesics. As the study was limited to a dose range of up to 50 mg oxycodone equivalent per day, further research on higher doses would be recommended. Conclusion: The fixed-ratio combination of oxycodone PR/naloxone PR is superior to oxycodone PR alone, offering patients effective analgesia while significantly improving opioid-induced constipation.
Pathophysiology of Heart Disease: A Collaborative Project of Medical Students and Faculty

Specifically designed to prepare medical students for their initial encounters with patients with heart disease, this award-winning text bridges basic cardiac physiology with clinical care. Written by internationally recognized Harvard Medical School faculty and select medical students, Pathophysiology of Heart Disease, Sixth Edition provides a solid foundation of knowledge regarding diseases of the heart and circulation. Under the experienced editorial guidance of Dr. Leonard S. Lilly, this best-selling monograph has an outstanding reputation among medical students and faculty worldwide. Student-friendly features of the Sixth Edition include a new, full-color design and illustrations; end-of-chapter summaries; updated content, including recent technological advances; and access to an interactive eBook. New full-color presentation makes the text more visually appealing. Up-to-date medical imaging and color clinical photographs show real-world examples of cardiovascular diseases and related conditions. Updated Chapter Summaries reflect consistency in length and format, making study easier. Updated Additional Reading references keep readers abreast of the latest literature in the field. Winner of two awards of excellence from the American Medical Writers Association, and recommended by medical schools worldwide. Now with the print edition, enjoy the bundled interactive eBook edition, offeringtablet, smartphone or accessed online to: Complete content with enhanced navigation A powerful search tool that pulls results from content in the book, your notes, and even the web Cross-linked pages, references, and more for easy navigation A highlighting tool for easier reference of key content throughout the text Ability to take and share notes with friends and colleagues Quick-reference tabbing to save your favorite content for future use "
Chronic Health Conditions and Key Health Indicators Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Older US Adults, 2013-2014

Objectives To examine disparities in chronic conditions and health indicators among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults aged 50 years or older in the United States. Methods We used data from the 2013 and 2014 National Health Interview Survey to compare disparities in chronic conditions, health outcomes and behaviors, health care access, and preventive health care by sexual orientation and gender. Results LGB older adults were significantly more likely than heterosexual older adults to have a weakened immune system and low back or neck pain. In addition, sexual minority older women were more likely than their heterosexual counterparts to report having arthritis, asthma, a heart attack, a stroke, a higher number of chronic conditions, and poor general health. Sexual minority older men were more likely to report having angina pectoris or cancer. Rates of disability and mental distress were higher among LGB older adults. Conclusions At substantial cost to society, many disparities in chronic conditions, disability, and mental distress observed in younger LGB adults persist, whereas others, such as cardiovascular disease risks, present in later life. Interventions are needed to maximize LGB health.
Oral premedication with pregabalin and clonidine for hemodynamic stability during laryngoscopy: A comparative study -

Background: Airway instrumentation of direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are noxious stimuli that should be attenuated by appropriate premedication, smooth induction, and rapid intubation. The present study evaluated the clinical efficacy of oral premedication with pregabalin or clonidine for attenuation of hemodynamic pressure response of airway instrumentation. The objective was to find out the efficacy of pregabalin and clonidine as an oral premedication and to observe hemodynamic stability during laryngoscopy. Methods: A total of 100 healthy patients aged 30-70 years with American Society of Anesthesiology Physical Status I and II of both gender, who met the inclusion criteria of general anesthesia, were randomly received pregabalin (150 mg) Group I or clonidine (100 µg) Group II, 60-70 mins before surgery as an oral premedication. Both groups were compared to pre-operative sedation, anxiety, heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at baseline, after premedication, induction, laryngoscopy, and extubation. Intraoperative analgesic drug requirement and any post-operative complication were recorded. Results : Incidence of hypotension and bradycardia were observed in 4% case in the clonidine group. Pre-operative sedation level was higher in the pregabalin group as compared to clonidine group. p>0.05 which shows there is no difference in both the drugs in terms of control of HR and MAP perioperatively. Both drugs are equally good to maintain hemodynamic stability during laryngoscopy. None of the patients has suffered from any post-operative side effects. Conclusion: Hemodynamic pressure response of airway instrumentation was attenuated with pregabalin and clonidine oral premedication without prolongation of recovery time and side effects.
Population Group Abortion Rates and Lifetime Incidence of Abortion: United States, 2008-2014

Objectives To assess the prevalence of abortion among population groups and changes in rates between 2008 and 2014. Methods We used secondary data from the Abortion Patient Survey, the American Community Survey, and the National Survey of Family Growth to estimate abortion rates. We used information from the Abortion Patient Survey to estimate the lifetime incidence of abortion. Results Between 2008 and 2014, the abortion rate declined 25%, from 19.4 to 14.6 per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 years. The abortion rate for adolescents aged 15 to 19 years declined 46%, the largest of any group. Abortion rates declined for all racial and ethnic groups but were larger for non-White women than for non-Hispanic White women. Although the abortion rate decreased 26% for women with incomes less than 100% of the federal poverty level, this population had the highest abortion rate of all the groups examined: 36.6. If the 2014 age-specific abortion rates prevail, 24% of women aged 15 to 44 years in that year will have an abortion by age 45 years. Conclusions The decline in abortion was not uniform across all population groups.
An Audit of New Zealand's Intellectual Disability Specialty In-Patient Units: Focussing on Antipsychotic Medication Use

Whilst a number of international studies discuss the use of antipsychotic medication for people with intellectual disability, there have been few studies within New Zealand. At the most basic level, we do not know the frequency of this medication use within this population. It is important to identify the antipsychotic medication use for this vulnerable and minority group. Therefore the proposed study will audit files of patients who are in an intellectual disability hospital unit in New Zealand on the 20 th July 2011 to determine the frequency of antipsychotic medication use among this population. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to collect data from patient files of a maximum of 69 in-patient files across the seven specialist intellectual disability units in New Zealand and simple descriptive analysis was used to analyse the data. Data on participant‟s medication prescription was collected, specifically antipsychotic medication to determine frequency of use. While the participant‟s demographic information and metabolic monitoring was additionally collected. Results revealed that antipsychotic medications are prescribed to people with intellectual disability with 65.3 percent prescribed a regular dose and 49 percent prescribed a pro re nata (PRN) dose. Whilst risperidone was the most frequently prescribed antipsychotic for regular use, chlorpromazine continues to be used for PRN prescriptions. Significant information regarding the demographic information on this population has been established: Young males make up the predominant participant group, 32.7 percent have a diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder and 57.1 percent have an Axis I diagnosis. Results will not only contribute to the current international body of knowledge on this topic, but provide initial national information this may inform further research that could ensure better outcomes for people with intellectual disability in terms of the management of antipsychotic medication.
Evaluation of the effects of long-term of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up intervention on clinical and humanistic outcomes in diabetes mellitus patients

This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up on clinical parameters and the quality of life of a group of elderly patients. A longitudinal pilot study was carried out to examine 14 elderly patients with diabetes mellitus 12 months after they completed the pharmacotherapeutic follow-up in a popular Pharmacy in Aracaju-SE, Brazil. Glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure, blood glucose capilary level, body index mass and waist circumference and quality of life were measured. Glycosylated hemoglobin level was < 7% in 42.86% of the patients. In addition, baseline and post-reevaluation mean blood pressure values were statistically different (p < 0.05). The patients noticed improvement in all domains of quality of life, compared to baseline and reevaluation. Pharmacotherapeutic follow-up trained elderly patients to be capable of controlling their diabetes and this is important for maintaining their clinical parameters and quality of life. Key words: Elderly, pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, diabetes mellitus, diabetes self-management education.
Maria in Puerto Rico: Natural Disaster in a Colonial Archipelago.

An editorial is presented which addresses the author's views about the impact of Hurricane Maria on the Puerto Rican archipelago and the colonial and postcolonial conditions of Puerto Rico, and it mentions several other articles which appear in the same issue of the journal and deal with topics such as public health workers and the post-hurricane community response in Puerto Rico. Public health problems and a historical financial crisis in Puerto Rico are assessed.
Comparing the Effect of One Stage Full Mouth Disinfection Versus Quadrant-Wise Scaling and Root Planing on Clinical Parameters and Salivary Inflammatory Biomarkers in Chronic Periodontitis Patients

Background: We aimed to compare the efficacy of one stage full mouth disinfection versus the quadrant-wise scaling and root planing in terms of clinical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers screening. Methods: Forty patients, with generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis, participated in the study. The test group received one stage full mouth disinfection (FMD). Quadrant wise scaling and root planing (Q-SRP) was performed for the control group. At baseline, 2 months and 4 months, Clinical parameters and salivary IL-1β and MMP-8 were measured. Results: Both procedures resulted in statistically significant improvement in all of the measured parameters between the baseline and the 2 and 4 months (p<0.05%). No meaningful improvement was seen between the 2 and 4 months (p<0.05%) in both of the FMD and Q-SRP groups. There was no significantly difference between the study groups except for the MGI (P<0.05). Conclusion: No statistically significant differences were found between FMD and Q-SRP.