Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategic Use of English to Study Science: A Perspective from Communities of Practice

This research is underpinned by the sociocultural perspective of communities of practice which situates learning and students’ use of strategic actions to achieve the desired goals in the practices of their communities. Strategic use of the English language is the focus of this study and the aim of this research was to establish whether differences in the strategic use of writing skills in English exist between students of various educational backgrounds. A self-reporting questionnaire on the writing strategy use was distributed among 94 students enrolled in the Foundation Year in one university. The questionnaire items were classified into subgroups, including cognitive, metacognitive, social, affective, compensation, memory, and negative strategies. The results showed that no differences exist among students in all groups in terms of the overall strategy use and in each questionnaire subgroup. Data was analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. All results were statistically insignificant. The findings from this study have implications for the theory of communities of practice, suggesting that sources of student choices regarding the use of English skills to study science might be related more to their individual agency rather than specific communities of practice.
Comparison of Human Volunteer and Cadaver Head-Neck Response in Frontal Flexion

The study compared post-mortem human subject (PMHS) tests conducted at the University of Heidelberg with volunteer tests conducted by the Naval Biodynamics Laboratory (NBDL) in New Orleans. Two PMHS test series similar to the volunteer frontal impacts were carried out, one having an impact severity identical to the most severe human volunteer tests, the second series with higher exposure levels. As a result of the compared collectives in regard to the injury severity, one can determine that the volunteers as well as the PMHS, with some exceptions, suffered minor spinal column injuries. The film analysis shows that the head rotations are larger for the PMHS than for the volunteer tests. Vertical displacements and rotations of T1 are also larger in the PMHS tests than in the volunteer tests. The partly different kinematics and loadings behavior of the test subjects can be obviously explained by differences of muscular tensions in the PMHS and the volunteer test groups.
Relationship between depression, cognitive function and quality of life of Nigerians with diabetic foot ulcers. A preliminary controlled study

Background. Severe negative effects of diabetic foot ulcers on health related quality of life have been documented in western studies using quantitative and qualitative methods. Aim. The aim of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between these negative effects and cognitive impairment or clinical depression. Methods. Thirty nine Nigerian adults with diabetes completed the WHO Quality of LifeBrief version (WHOQoL-Bref), modified mini mental state examination (mMMSE) and a rating scale for depression (Beck’s Depression Inventory). There were two matched groups composed of 21 subjects undergoing treatment for diabetic foot ulcers (index) and 18 subjects without foot related morbidity but with evidence of peripheral neuropathy as measured by Semmes-Weinstein 5.07(10 gm) monofilament (control). Results. Patients with diabetic foot ulcers had significantly poorer scores on domains of WHOQoL particularly in physical, psychological, overall quality of life and overall health score. There was evidence of depression in both groups with the index group more significantly depressed. There was no evidence of clinically significant cognitive impairment in either group. There was a relationship between clinical depression and negative effects of diabetic foot ulcer on health related quality of life. Conclusions. The results of this study suggest that the negative impact on healthrelated quality of life in diabetic patients with foot ulcers may be more severe than in diabetics without foot related morbidity. The negative effect did not seem to cause cognitive impairment in either group.
Comparison in the Knowledge and Awareness of Hypertension Among Hospital and Factory Workers in Sagamu, Nigeria

Fifty nine non-clinical hospital workers of the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching hospital, Sagamu were compared with 52 factory workers in the same locality in order to determine their knowledge and awareness of the subject of Hypertension. In general the level of knowledge and awareness was poor in both study cohorts but marginally better in the factory workers. The knowledge of the respondents was particularly poor in the area of the commonest symptom of hypertension. Less than one third of the factory workers and only 1 in 10 of the hospital workers knew that hypertension is basically a symptom less disease. Many gave answers such as headache, insomnia and palpitation which are either symptoms of late presentation or those of end organ damage. Only about half of the respondents in each case knew that hypertension is a disease whose treatment is essentially for life. Many said that it should be treated only when symptoms appear. The marginally better knowledge of the factory workers is attributed to occasional health educational talks in that factory. Similar talks are recommended for hospital workers in non-clinical areas since these people are often asked for opinions on such chronic conditions in the larger community. Key words: Hypertension, knowledge, awareness, workers. Nigerian Medical Practitioner Vol.47(3) 2005: 43-45
Medicare's prospective payment system for hospitals: new evidence on transitions among health care settings

Previous studies of Medicare’s prospective payment system for hospitals (PPS), introduced in 1983, evaluated only its first few years, using data collected during the hospital stay to control for patients’ health. We examine transitions among health care settings over a full decade following implementation of PPS, using survival models and a national longitudinal survey with independent information on health. We find that the rate of discharge from hospitals to nursing homes continued to rise as PPS matured, hospital readmissions from the community dropped after the early years, and risk of nursing home admission from the community soon after hospital discharge tripled. Evaluations of new payment systems for one type of provider need to be comprehensive in order to capture the full effects on other providers.
Joint Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation and SLAM

Classical monocular Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) based monocular depth estimation represent two different methods towards reconstructing the 3D geometry of the scene. In this paper, we leverage SLAM and depth estimation for their respective advantages to further improve the performance of both tasks. For SLAM, running pseudo RGBD-SLAM with CNN-predicted depths improves the accuracy of visual odometry and mapping compared with the monocular SLAM baseline. For depth estimation, we use 3D scene structures from geometric SLAM to refine the pre-trained monocular depth estimation network to update the model which did not reach the optimum due to the photometric inconsistency. Moreover, the proposed method incorporates an optional Sparse Auxiliary Network [1] into the original depth estimation network, from which the sparse depth features are dynamically combined with RGB features for predicting the depth map. Experimental results on KITTI and TUM RGB-D datasets show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performances on both depth prediction and pose estimation tasks.
Relationship Between Fever and Malaria Parasitaemia in Adults: Does HIV Infection Make any Difference?

Background: Malaria and HIV are two important causes of febrile illness in sub-Saharan Africa and both may co-exist. We conducted a survey on the relationship between fever and malaria parasitaemia in adult Nigerians and further determined if HIV infection makes any difference in this relationship. Methodology: One hundred and thirty adults 18 years and above who presented at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria for HIV counseling and testing were evaluated in a cross sectional study during the rainy season from August to October, 2009. Those with obvious features of systemic infections were excluded from the study. Each participant had a clinical evaluation, thick and thin blood films for malaria parasites, and HIV testing. Results: Out of 130 subjects recruited, 82 (63.1%) were females and 63 (48.5%) were HIV positive. The proportion of fevers (axillary temperature ≥ 37.5 °C) attributable to malaria parasitaemia (AF) in the entire subjects was 42.5%. HIV positive subjects had a significantly higher AF of 42.3% compared to 27.3% in HIV negative subjects (p=0.04). Overall, there was a strong correlation between parasite density and body temperature (r=0.66, p<0.0001). When analysed according to HIV status, this relationship remained strong for both HIV positive patients (r=0.64, p=0.002) and HIV negative individuals (r=0.70, p=0.09). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a positive relationship between fever and malaria parasitaemia in adults residing in a malaria endemic area and HIV infection possibly potentiates this positive relationship. This information is valuable in malaria case management for HIV positive patients.
Sexually Active Adults in the United States

Abstract This study examines the relationship between demographics, behavioral factors, risk perceptions, and STDs in a U.S. general population. Data from 28,957 respondents with at least one sex partner 12 months prior to the survey completed the Sexual Behavior Module, as part of each state's annual BRFSS survey. Multiple sex partners, ethnicity and age were predictive of receiving treatment for an STD. Respondents who admitted driving while intoxicated and those with high HIV-risk perceptions were also more likely to report receiving treatment for an STD. Findings support the broadening of STD prevention targets, and the importance of highlighting the link between alcohol and STDs during STD and alcohol prevention or treatment visits.
The effect of schooling on health: Evidence on several health outcomes and behaviors

This paper investigates the non-pecuniary benefits of education in terms of several individuals' health outcomes, health-damaging and health-improving behaviors,and preventive care. We exploit a reform which raised compulsory schooling by three years in Italy to identify the causal effect of lower secondary education and,unlike most previous papers in the literature, we analyze a wide range of health indicators. Our analysis shows that the rise in schooling induced by the reform reduced BMI and the incidence of obesity across Italian women, and raised men's likelihood of doing regular physical activity and cholesterol and glycemia checks. No effect is found instead on preventive care and health-improving behavior for women, and on smoking prevalence and intensity for both genders. Some potential reasons for the gender differences in the results are discussed.
Is It Possible to Predict the Outcome of IVF Treatment in Poor Response Patients

Poor ovarian response (POR)—retrieval of 3 or fewer eggs, is a challenging issue in IVF. A retrospective study included POR women who underwent 386 IVF cycles. The data were classified in four groups according to women’s age (years) during the treatment cycle: 1) 20 - 34 (n = 133), 2) 35 - 39 (n = 133), 3) 40 - 42 (n = 78), 4) 43 - 47 y (n = 42), and correlated with the characteristics of the population. The clinical pregnancy rates for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were: 23.3%, 12%, 2.6%, 4.8%, respectively. It was found to be significantly higher (p
Bradycardia in Children During General Anaesthesia

Bradycardia in association with anaesthesia may lead to insufficient cardiac output and decreased delivery of oxygen to vital organs. In children the heart rate is the dominant factor for cardiac output, since the developing heart is less compliant and contractile and stroke volume cannot increase much. Thus, when bradycardia occurs in children during anaesthesia, cardiac output falls and may lead to serious cardiac arrhythmias and even cardiac arrest. In this chapter, the incidence, causes and risk factors, as well as the consequences and possible treatment of bradycardia in children during general anaesthesia are described and discussed. A focus is made on the incidence and causes of bradycardia in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy under general anaesthesia.
Prevalence of migraine in children with idiopathic/cryptogenic epilepsy

Abstract The relationship between migraine and epilepsy has been previously investigated in the literature. Several pathogenetical hypotheses have related the two conditions including the suggestion of a common genetic origin. The purpose of our study was to analyze the rate of migraine in our epileptic children population from Southern Italy followed-up at our unit between 2002 to 2005. Clinical data were retrospectively obtained from the patients' medical records. Migraine was far more frequent in subjects with idiopathic or cryptogenic epilepsy vs. non-epileptic controls with a 16.5 times higher risk ratio in the subjects with idiopathic or cryptogenic epilepsy vs. controls. The group of patients with partial seizures had five-fold increased risk to have migraine compared to the group with generalized seizures. The plausible pathogenetic relationship between migraine and epilepsy needs to be further investigated in wider populations. The detection of a common background could provide evidence for a common and more effective pharmacological treatment of these two disorders.
HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA REMAJA PUTRI USIA 12-14 TAHUN

Latar Belakang : Masalah gizi yang biasa dialami remaja salah satunya adalah anemia. Anemia adalah keadaan dimana kadar hemoglobin (Hb) lebih rendah dari nilai normal, yang ditandai dengan lesu, pusing, mata berkunang-kunang, dan wajah pucat, sehingga dapat menyebabkan menurunnya aktivitas dan prestasi belajar karena kurangnya konsentrasi. Metode : Penelitian dilakukan di SMP Negeri 9 Semarang dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Subjek 90 remaja putri yang dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Kadar hemoglobin diukur menggunakan metode Cyanmethemoglobin, pengukuran berat badan dengan menggunakan timbangan injak digital dan tinggi badan menggunakan microtoise. Asupan protein, zat besi, vitamin C, vitamin B12 dan folat sebagai variabel perancu diperoleh dengan metode Semi Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) kemudian dihitung dengan nutrisoft. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square kemudian dilanjutkan analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik. Hasil : Hasil penelitian diperoleh 1,1% subyek memiliki status gizi sangat kurus, 3,3% kurus, 73,3% normal, 15,6% overweight, 6,7% obesitas dan sebanyak 26,7% mengalami anemia. Rerata kadar hemoglobin 12,6 ± 1,29 SD dan rerata nilai z-score berdasarkan IMT/U adalah 0,97 ± 1,18 SD. Dilihat dari asupan diketahui bahwa sebanyak 63,3% siswi yang asupan zat besinya kurang dari kebutuhan, sedangkan asupan protein, vitamin C, vitamin B12 dan folat sebagian besar sudah dalam kategori cukup. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara status gizi dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri (p=0,289). Ada hubungan asupan zat besi (p=0,000) dan asupan folat (p=0,006) dengan kejadian anemia. Hasil analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik menunjukkan variabel asupan zat besi yang berpengaruh terhadap anemia (p<0,05). Simpulan : Tidak ada hubungan antara status gizi dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri.
Health psychology: A textbook.

Health Psychology: A Textbook has made a major contribution to the teaching and study of this rapidly expanding discipline. Maintaining its strong review of theory and research and its details of behaviours such as smoking, exercise, eating and screening, the third edition has been substantially revised to provide increased coverage of the biological aspects of health and illness. This book now provides the most accessible and comprehensive guide to the field.
Accuracy and reliability of Tzanck test compared to histopathology for diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma

Background: Histopathology is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) but is time consuming and needs expertise to make a correct diagnosis. On the other hand, Tzanck test is a simple, easy, inexpensive and rapid test which uses exfoliative cytology to make a diagnosis. Objective: To compare the results of Tzanck test with histopathology in the diagnosis of BCC and to evaluate the diagnostic reliability and accuracy of Tzanck test in BCC. Materials and Method: Twenty-six patients with clinical suspicion of BCC were recruited. Samples for Tzanck test and histopathology were taken and diagnoses made independently. Results of Tzanck test were compared with histopathology. Results: Twenty-three cases were histopathologically proved to be BCC. Tzanck test correlated in 12 cases of BCC and could exclude all three non-BCC lesions. In 11 cases it failed to diagnose BCC. The sensitivity and specificity of Tzanck test were 52.2% and 100%, respectively, and positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 21.4%. Conclusion: Tzanck test can be recommended for initial, rapid evaluation of a clinically diagnosed case of BCC. Under experienced hands, it reliably confirms BCC. The limitation is low negative predictive value. Since it does not give information about subtypes of BCC which is of great value in therapeutic planning, histopathological confirmation is mandatory.
Gene therapy: Fact and fiction in biology's new approaches to disease

In 1982, a meeting of unusual influence was held at the Banbury Conference Center of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. After an early attempt at treating clinical disease with transferred genes had ignited public attention and scientific controversy, a group of distinguished biologists and physicians came together to assess practical progress towards gene therapy and what its future might be. The geneticist Ted Friedmann wrote a narrative account of the participants' contributions to the meeting, ending with a personal discussion of ethical issues raised by genetic technologies. His book, the first on gene therapy, was widely read but has long been unavailable. It has been reprinted with a new introduction entitled Gene Therapy 1994, in which the author reviews the field's technical accomplishments and ethical dilemmas. Now that gene therapy has become part of the medical landscape, this volume is of interest as both a historical document and an assessment of the field's current challenges.
CELLULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICITY OF THE HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY ATRIPLA: EFAVIRENZ, EMTRICITABINE AND TENOFOVIR

Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has proved very successful in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection. This same lifespan prolongation, however, has also revealed many side effects linked to HAART, including cardiovascular disease. A once daily fixed dose drug combination pill Atripla was hoped to improve compliance and adherence. The HAART components of Atripla efavirenz, emtricitabine and tenofovir are considered to be significantly safer than the conventional reverse transcriptase inhibitors but cardiovascular effects of these drugs have yet to be investigated in vitro. The overall objective of this thesis was to examine the effects of the three components of Atripla on cardiovascular cell function.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Relation to Timing of Endoscopic Procedure in Patients Undergoing Elective Endoscopy

Background: Endoscopy is the most accurate method for diagnosing the source of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. This study was aimed to evaluate the correlation between the timing of elective endoscopy and the length of hospital stay, the amount of transfusion given and incidence of recurrent bleeding or patient mortality. Method: A retrospective study was conducted in all patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding who had experienced elective endoscopy at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between January 2007 and August 2008. Identification of clinical risk using clinical Rockall score was performed at the emergency room. Persistent bleeding, recurrent bleeding, surgical treatment and death were the outcome variables. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square/fisher exact test and linear regression. Results: There were 40 eligible cases with mean age of 53 ± 13 years; the greatest occurrence was at the age group of 50-59 years (12%), male (52.5%) and those who had clinical symptom of melena (52.5%). Twenty seven (67.5%) patients had Rockall score of 1-3 points and 13 (32.5%) had 4-6 points. There was only one patient who had adherent clots (Forrest grade II B). Endoscopy results revealed that the most common cause of bleeding was gastric ulcer, which occurred in 12 (30%) patients. There was no correlation between the timing of endoscopic procedures and outcome variable; however the length of hospital stay had a significant correlation with timing of endoscopic procedures. Conclusion: Elective endoscopy does not affect the variables of mortality and recurrent bleeding; however, it affects the length of hospital stay. Further prospective studies are required to find causal relation between them. Keywords : non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Rockall score, elective endoscopy, outcome variables