Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biochemistry of zygotic and somatic embryogenesis in silver fir [Abies alba Mill.]

The paper reports a comparative study of storage protein synthesis and enzyme activity during zygotic and somatic embryogenesis of silver fir. The SDS-PAGE profiles of storage proteins in zygotic and somatic embryos were similar but not identical. Six storage protein fractions were detected in zygotic embryos, as compared with eleven fractions in somatic embryos. The principal storage protein of zygotic embryos was represented by the 43 kDa fraction, and in somatic embryos by the 53 kDa fraction. Peroxidase activity was lower in the precotyledonary and cotyledonary stages of somatic embryos than in the corresponding developmental stages of zygotic embryos. However, following desiccation, the mature somatic embryos possessed three times higher peroxidase activity than the mature zygotic embryos. The reverse was true of the specific activity of esterase, which was higher in zygotic embryos than in somatic embryos in all stages of development.
2 IS A RACELESS IDENTITY AN EFFECTIVE STRATEGY FOR ACADEMIC SUCCESS AMONG BLACKS ?

Objective. Fordham (1988, 1996) notes that because the larger black community has a culture that is oppositional to mainstream American society, blacks who wish to maintain academic success and achieve upward socioeconomic mobility feel pressure to adopt a raceless identity. The purpose of this study is to examine whether a raceless identity leads to better educational outcomes for blacks in high school than does a non-raceless identity. Methods. Using data from the Maryland Adolescence Development In Context Study (MADICS), we create five profiles intended to capture blacks‟ connection to their race and determine whether racial/ethnic connections among blacks are associated with school achievement, educational aspirations, value attributed to schooling, or detachment from schooling. These links are assessed net of affective feelings about being black and beliefs about shared fate. Results. The findings are not consistent with the racelessness perspective. Specifically, blacks in the race ambivalent and race similar profiles have higher achievement and educational aspirations, and attribute more value to schooling and are less detached from schooling than are those in the race neutral profile. Conclusion. Prior studies have over-stated the extent to which racelessness helps achievement.
THE OPT-IN REVOLUTION ? CONTRACEPTION AND THE GENDER GAP IN WAGES

Decades of research on the U.S. gender gap in wages describe its correlates, but little is known about why women changed their career investments in the 1960s and 1970s. This paper explores the role of “the Pill” in altering women’s human capital investments, selection, and marital outcomes and its ultimate implications for their wages. Using state-by-birth cohort variation in laws granting access to the Pill by age 21, we show that early access to the Pill conferred an 8-percent hourly wage premium by age fifty. Roughly two thirds of this premium is explained by the Pill’s effect on accumulated labor-force experience and a remaining third by changes in women’s education and occupations. Stratifying women on IQ measured in high school shows that the Pill’s effect on wages is driven by the interaction of selection and skill investments. Assuming the Pill had never been available to younger, unmarried women, our estimates imply that the convergence in the gender gap among 25 to 49 year olds would have been 10 percent smaller in the 1980s and 30 percent smaller in the 1990s. JEL: J13, J22, N32 Contact Information: Bailey, Department of Economics, University of Michigan, 611 Tappan Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, Website: www-personal.umich.edu/~baileymj, Email: baileymj@umich.edu; Hershbein, Department of Economics, University of Michigan, 611 Tappan Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, Email: bjhersh@umich.edu; Miller, Department of Economics, University of Virginia, 237 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904, Website: http://virginia.edu/economics/miller.htm, Email:armiller@virginia.edu. Acknowledgements: The research in this paper was conducted while the authors were Special Sworn Status researchers of the U.S. Census Bureau at the Michigan Census Research Data Center. Research results and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Census Bureau. This paper has been screened to ensure that no confidential data are revealed. The University of Michigan Population Studies Center provided generous financial support for work in the University of Michigan Research Data Center. We are grateful to Jim Davis, Maggie Levenstein, Stan Sedo, and Clint Carter for extensive support with the preparation and revision of the restricted data proposal and disclosure process and to John Bound, Charlie Brown, John DiNardo, Claudia Goldin, David Lam, Bob Margo, Paul Rhode, Jeff Smith, Gary Solon, and Sarah Turner for helpful comments and suggestions.
Experimental investigation and thermodynamic modeling of the Al-Cr-Mo-Ni system and its sub-systems

NiAl-based composites are promising alternative materials for high temperature structural applications. In this work, experimental investigation and thermodynamic modeling of the Al-Cr-Mo-Ni system were performed. Very good agreement between the calculated phase diagram and the experimental data was obtained. The present work can further support the selection of alloy compositions and simulations of the Al-Cr-Mo-Ni system and the development of the NiAl-based and Ni-based superalloys.
1 Panaxynol , a Bioactive Component of American 2 Ginseng , Targets Macrophages and Suppresses 3 Colitis in Mice 4

Ulcerative colitis has a significant impact on the quality of life for the patients, and can 19 substantially increase the risk of colon cancer in patients suffering long-term. Conventional 20 treatments provide only modest relief paired with a high risk of side effects, while complementary 21 and alternative medicines can offer safe and effective options. Over the past decade, we have shown 22 that American ginseng has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can suppress mouse 23 colitis and prevent colitis associated colon cancer. With the goal of isolating a single active 24 compound, we further fractionated the hexane fraction, and found the most abundant molecule in 25 this fraction was the polyacetylene, Panaxynol. After isolating and characterizing Panaxynol, we 26 tested the efficacy of Panaxynol in the treatment and prevention of colitis in mice and studied the 27 mechanism of action. We demonstrate here that Panaxynol effectively treats colitis in a Dextran 28 Sulfate Sodium mouse model by targeting macrophages for DNA damage and apoptosis. Positive 29 outcomes from this study could take American ginseng one-step further towards becoming a 30 conventional drug for the treatment of colitis, and possibility exploring other autoimmune diseases 31 associated with macrophage dysfunction. 32
Study on prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and density of its vectors in three selected districts of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

The study was conducted from November, 2013 to March, 2014 in three selected districts of Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia with objective of determining the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and density of its vectors. Blood samples from 480 randomly selected cattle of both sexes different age, coat color and body condition score groups were collected and examined with conventional hematological and entomological techniques. Out of total 480 cattle examined, 32(6.67%) were found to be positive for Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax with the individual prevalence of 5% (24/480) and 1.67 (8/480), respectively. This indicated 75% of the infection was caused by T. congolense while only 25% was by T. vivax. The areal distribution of the trypanosomosis infection was found to be 5.6, 7.3 and 7.1% in Humbo, Duguna fango and Damot woyde districts respectively. The risk factors analysis revealed that the likelihood of the occurrence of the trypanosomosis in male (p=0.046, OR=2.3, 95%CI=1.0, 5.3), age category of 3 to 7 years old (p=0.019, OR=3.2, 95% CI=1.2, 8.3), poor body conditioned animals (p=0.001, OR=12.5, 95%CI=2.8, 50.0), black coat colored animal (p = 0.02, OR=12.5, 95%CI=1.5, 117.7) was higher when compared to female, other age categories, medium and good body condition and with other coat colored animals respectively. One way ANOVA used to compare the PCV values of parasitemic and aparasitemic animals revealed mean PCV values in animal infected by T . congolense (21.38%) and T . vivax (23.75%). Accordingly, one way ANOVA employed to compare the mean PCV value among the three categories (Negative, Positive for T. congolense and positive for T. Vivax) revealed significant (p=0.000, F=25.8) difference in PCV values were observed. Likewise, the Bonferroni multiple comparisons test indicated the existence of significant difference (p=0.000) in the PCV value between negative group and positive group for T. congolense (p=0.000). From 90 traps deployed for three consecutive days at 6 kebeles in three districts, a total of 328 flies were caught. Of these, 37 (11.28%) belong to Glossina pallidipes, the remaining were 193 (58.84%) Tabanus and 98 (29.87%) Stomoxys. The overall apparent tsetse fly density was 0.14 flies/trap/days (F/T/D). Key words: Cattle, T. congolense, T. vivax, Trypanosomosis, Glossina pallidipes, Southern, Ethiopia.
Understanding the Southern AfricanAnomalyPoverty, Endemic Disease, and HIV

The epicentre of the global HIV epidemic is southern Africa. Previous explanations point to migration patterns and highly skewed income distribution, both thought to promote risky sexual behaviour. This study emphasizes the importance of common infectious and parasitic diseases that increase the likelihood of HIV transmission by increasing contagiousness and vulnerability to infection. Using multiple regression analysis on country-level data, the authors find that socio-economic variables explain statistically only one-tenth of the difference in HIV prevalence between southern Africa and other low- and middle-income countries. Measures of five cofactor infections together with the socio-economic variables, however, explain statistically about two-thirds of the southern Africa difference in HIV prevalence. They conclude that the relative affluence of countries in southern Africa and historical migration patterns have tended to mask the vulnerability of the majority of their populations who are poor and who have very high prevalence of infectious and parasitic diseases. Those diseases replicate a cycle of poverty that produces biological vulnerability through coinfections. An important implication of this research is that integrating treatment of endemic diseases with other HIV-prevention policies may be necessary to slow the spread of HIV.
Fatores que influenciam a adesão de pacientes com câncer à terapia antineoplásica oral

OBJETIVOS: Identificar fatores associados a adesao ao tratamento com drogas de acao antineoplasica por via oral em pacientes com câncer. METODOS: Foram entrevistados 61 pacientes com câncer sob terapia antineoplasica via oral em hospital particular, com a aplicacao de instrumentos para avaliar a adesao. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes (95%) referiu que o tratamento oral nao e dificil. O Teste Morisky e Green foi positivo em 28% dos pacientes. Os fatores que podem influenciar a realizacao do tratamento se associaram de forma significativa (p<0,05) com a variavel tempo, os pacientes que apresentaram mais dificuldade, tinham mais tempo de tratamento. CONCLUSOES: Os pacientes apresentaram atitudes positivas frente ao tratamento com medicamentos antineoplasicos orais, porem foram considerados nao aderentes em 28% no Teste Morisky e Green.
1 Sustainable Boron Nitride Nanosheet-Reinforced 2 Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Film with Improved 3 Mechanical Properties and Oxygen Barrier without 4 the Cost of Color and Brittleness 5

Herein, we introduce a boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS)-reinforced cellulose nanofiber 19 (CNF) film as a sustainable oxygen barrier film that can potentially be applied in food packaging. 20 Most of commodity plastics are oxygen-permeable. CNF exhibits an ideal oxygen transmittance rate 21 (OTR) of <1 cc/m2/day in highly controlled conditions. A CNF film typically fabricated by the air 22 drying of a CNF aqueous solution reveals an OTR of 19.08 cc/m2/day. The addition of 0-5 wt% BNNS 23 to the CNF dispersion before drying results in a composite film with highly improved OTR, 4.7 24 cc/m2/day, which is sufficient for meat and cheese packaging. BNNS as a 2D nanomaterial increases 25 the pathway of oxygen gas and reduces the chances of pin-hole formation during film fabrication 26 involving water drying. In addition, BNNS improves the mechanical properties of the CNF films 27 (Young’s modulus and tensile strength) without significant elongation reductions, probably due to 28 the good miscibility of CNF and BNNS in the aqueous solution. BNNS addition also produces 29 negligible color change, which is important for film aesthetics. An in vitro cell experiment was 30 performed to reveal the low cytotoxicity of the CNF/BNNS composite. This composite film has great 31 potential as a sustainable high-performance food packaging material. 32
A classical approach to the electron g-factor

According to a prevailing opinion, the electron g-factor ge = 2 is exclusively a quantum feature. Here we demonstrate it could be explained classically only in relativistic terms. The electron is treated as an extended, continuous, but rigid Gaussian body (RGB) spinning at finite angular frequency. In contrast to expectations, the mechanical energy and spin angular momentum of the particle are not diverging but standard values are reproduced. The g-factor value ge = 2 immediately follows from the ratio of non-relativistic and relativistic angular momenta which can be both attributed to a spinning electron of known rest mass. A detailed analysis of the inertia tensor and limit, torque-free precession reveals a multiplication factor of -2 between the external and internal precession angular frequency which might resemble the spin-1/2 appearance of the particle. Furthermore, the theory of Lienard and Wiechert is used to derive a static electromagnetic field. A continuous form of Gaussian charge density ensures an absence of infinities in electromagnetic energy and angular momentum. Introducing the associated electromagnetic angular momentum as a small correction to the mechanical spin angular momentum, we obtain a modified g-factor ge* = 2.0021 which is close to the measured value ge = 2.0023.
1 H and 13 C HR-MAS spectroscopy of intact biopsy samples ex vivo and in vivo 1 H MRS study of human high grade gliomas

High-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) oneand two-dimensional H and C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been used to study intact glioblastoma (GBM) brain tumour tissue. The results were compared with in vitro chemical extract and in vivo spectra. The resolution of H one-dimensional, H TOCSY and C HSQC HR-MAS spectra is comparable to that obtained on perchloric extracts. C HSQC HR-MAS spectra have been particularly useful for the identification of 37 different metabolites in intact biopsy tumours, excluding water and DSS components. To our knowledge, this is the most detailed assignment of biochemical compounds obtained in intact human tissue, in particular in brain tumour tissue. Tissue degradation during the recording of the NMR experiment was avoided by keeping the sample at a temperature of 4 C. Detailed metabolical compositions of 10 GBM (six primary, two secondary and two unclassified) were obtained. A good correlation between ex vivo and in vivo MRS has been found. Copyright # 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the optimality of sliced inverse regression in high dimensions

The central subspace of a pair of random variables $(y,x) \in \mathbb{R}^{p+1}$ is the minimal subspace $\mathcal{S}$ such that $y \perp \hspace{-2mm} \perp x\mid P_{\mathcal{S}}x$. In this paper, we consider the minimax rate of estimating the central space of the multiple index models $y=f(\beta_{1}^{\tau}x,\beta_{2}^{\tau}x,.,\beta_{d}^{\tau}x,\epsilon)$ with at most $s$ active predictors where $x \sim N(0,I_{p})$. We first introduce a large class of models depending on the smallest non-zero eigenvalue $\lambda$ of $var(\mathbb{E}[x|y])$, over which we show that an aggregated estimator based on the SIR procedure converges at rate $d\wedge((sd+s\log(ep/s))/(n\lambda))$. We then show that this rate is optimal in two scenarios: the single index models; and the multiple index models with fixed central dimension $d$ and fixed $\lambda$. By assuming a technical conjecture, we can show that this rate is also optimal for multiple index models with bounded dimension of the central space. We believe that these (conditional) optimal rate results bring us meaningful insights of general SDR problems in high dimensions.
An investigation of a criterion- referenced test using G-theory, and factor and cluster analyses

There has been relatively little research on analytical procedures for examin ing the dependability and validity of criterion-referenced tests especially when compared to similar investigations for norm-referenced ESL or EFL tests. This study used three analytical procedures, namely, G-theory, factor and cluster analyses, to investigate the dependability and validity of a criterion-referenced test developed at the University of California, Los Angeles in 1989. Dependability estimates showed that test scores are not equally depend able for all placement groups and are rather undependable for two out of the four placement groups. Factor analysis of test scores for the placement groups showed that though two-factor solutions were the best solutions for the different groups, there were differences in the way the subtests loaded in the different groups, with progressively fewer subtests loading on the second factor as ability increased. This finding led to the extension study with cluster analysis which showed that a number of students might have been differently placed if subtest scores were used to place them.
Perception of Synthetic Vowels by Monolingual Canadian-English, Mexican-Spanish, and Peninsular-Spanish Listeners

Monolingual-Western-Canadian-English listeners, monolingual-Mexican-Spanish listeners, and monolingual-Peninsular-Spanish listeners classified stimuli from a synthetic vowel continuum which allowed for English /ι/, /I/, /E/, /E/, and Spanish /ι, /Eι/, and /E/ responses. The continuum varied systematically in initial formant values, vowel inherent spectral change, and vowel duration. The portion of the stimulus space for which the English listeners' modal response was English /ι/ was identified as Spanish /ι/ by both groups of Spanish listeners. Three quarters of the portion of the stimulus space for which the English listeners' modal response was English /I/ was identified as Spanish /ι/ and one-quarter as Spanish vγ4105 /E/ by Mexican-Spanish listeners, but almost all of this portion of the stimulus space was identified as Spanish /E/ by Peninsular-Spanish listeners. Spanish dialect may therefore have a substantial effect on first-language-Spanish listeners' learning of the Western-Canadian-English /ι/-/I/ contrast.
Method Development of Diphenhydramine HCl (C17H21NO.HCl) On Spectrophotometer

The purpose of method development of diphenhydramine HCl on Spectrophotometer is cost, time saving and also environment friendly method then HPLC method. When the same method perform on HPLC is highly expensive method because of the HPLC grade solvent is used for sample preparation and also long time required to run on HPLC. For the cost and time reduction method of diphenhydramine HCl transfer from HPLC to spectrophotometer. HPLC method is more accurate method as compare to spectrophotometer but highly expensive. In spectrophotometer water is use as a diluent. Water is universal solvent, easily available and less expensive as compare to HPLC grade solvent, no harmful effect on environmental then other solvent.
Tax Competition, Location, and Horizontal Foreign Direct Investment

We develop a model of capital tax/subsidy competition in which imperfectly competitive firms choose both the number and the location of the plants they operate. The endogenous presence of horizontal multinationals is shown to attenuate the “race to the bottom” and yields some results that are opposite to traditional findings in the tax competition literature. First, in the presence of horizontal multinationals, increasing subsidies decrease firms' profits by exacerbating price competition due to more firms ‘going multinational’. Second, instead of being always subsidized, capital may actually be taxed in equilibrium. Third, taxes/subsidies become strategically independent policy instruments, instead of being strategic complements. Last, there may exist multiple equilibria with either low or high subsidies.
La realidad aumentada como tecnología emergente para la innovación educativa

Augmented-reality-based technology has currently begun to show us its huge benefits in the field of education. Its implementation at different levels and disciplines becomes possible thanks to the great variety of augmented reality applications and programs that are being designed for didactic and pedagogical purposes, the learning contents of which are shown in a virtual format seeking to complement the actual context and to enrich it. In this way, on the basis of a constructivist paradigm, the student can take advantage of the teacher’s support and guidance to become an active creator and builder of augmented learning scenarios. To which must be added that a connectivist networked learning model favours a 2.0 attitude based on sharing, building and exchanging digital resources, thus implementing collective intelligence at the service of the educational community’s knowledge and enrichment. The present work offers a review and an analysis about the concept of Augmented Reality from an epistemological point of view; a reflection on the type of hybrid learning that is generated by augmented reality environments; and it finishes with the presentation and description of tools for the creation of augmented reality scenarios in the classroom.
Perceptions of Active Learning between Faculty and Undergraduates: Differing Views among Departments

There have been numerous calls recently to increase the use of active learning in university science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) classrooms to more actively engage students and enhance student learning. However, few studies have investigated faculty and student perceptions regarding the effectiveness of active learning or the barriers to its implementation. Previous work surveying a single class in a single department has suggested that faculty and students have different perceptions of the effectiveness of active learning strategies and the barriers faculty face when implementing these teaching strategies. We expand on these previous findings by surveying a larger and more diverse sample of students and faculty in a college consisting of five departments. We find that students and faculty agree that active learning techniques are useful, effective, and should be implemented more widely, but disagree on the percentage of class time currently devoted to active learning. When we parsed the data by department, more nuanced perceptions became apparent: the perceived barriers to implementing teaching reform differed in importance by department and in some departments fewer faculty had observed and used active learning. Our findings suggest that advocates of teaching reform must recognize that not all departments or institutions face the same barriers to implementing curricular changes.
Aktuální klinická doporučení pro léčbu astmatu

V clanku je probrana lecba astmatu ve světle recentně revidovane celosvětově přijate publikace Globalni strategie lecby a prevence astmatu, kterou vydala v řijnu 2004 Globalni iniciativa pro astma (GINA).