Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Granular cell tumor: A clinicopathologic study of 110 patients

The clinicopathologic features of 118 granular cell tumors (GCT) encountered at two affiliated hospitals were reviewed. A total of 110 patients were affected over this 32‐year period of study (71 men, 39 women), and in 5% GCT were multiple. Patients ranged in age from 16 to 58 years (average 32 years) and were symptomatic for an average duration of 11 months prior to diagnosis. There was a greater than expected frequency of GCT among black patients (29%). Although tongue was the single most common anatomic site involved, relatively more GCT (44%) occurred in skin or subcutaneous tissue. Less common locations were breast parenchyma (10 cases), rectal mucosa and anus (6), vulva (4), esophagus and larynx (2 cases each). The correct preoperative diagnosis of this protean tumor was made in only three patients. GCT were surgically treated with the average diameter of resected tumor being 1.2 cm (range 0.2–3.5 cm). Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia was noted in 11 tumors and in one vulvar GCT there was overlying in situ squamous cell carcinoma. Tumors were incompletely excised in 24 of 56 patients having adequate followup; only five of these 24 patients experienced a local recurrence of tumor. Malignant behavior was not observed. Results of histochemical and ultrastructural study are briefly discussed. The precise histogenesis of GCT is uncertain but Schwann cell origin is favored in most cases.
Hepatitis C virus infection alters lipid metabolism depending on IL28B polymorphism and viral genotype and modulates gene expression in vivo and in vitro

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) interacts with lipid receptors to enter the cell, circulates as lipoviroparticle and is secreted as VLDL. We aimed to investigate the role of the rs12979860 polymorphism in the IL28B gene in 143 with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1, 144 infected with genotype 3, 90 genotype 4 and 413 noninfected individuals on lipid profile and to test the impact of HCV infection in an in vitro model on VLDL biosynthesis‐related gene expression rs12979860 polymorphism was analysed using real‐time PCR coupled to Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Huh7.5 (rs12979860 CT) and Huh7 (genotype CC) cells were infected with JFH‐1 particles and serum from patients infected with genotypes 1 and 3. Gene expression of apolipoprotein B (apoB), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) genes were determined by semiquantitative RT‐PCR in vivo and in vitro. Genotype CC rs12979860 polymorphism was associated with significantly higher serum LDL and total cholesterol levels in patients with hepatitis C genotype 1 but not in patients with hepatitis C genotype 3, genotype 4 and control (noninfected) population. Genotype CC was more often seen in genotype 3 and healthy people in comparison with genotype 1; P = 0.001. In vitro results showed that HCV infection promotes lipid metabolism gene expression induction depending on viral genotype, but to a lesser extent in cells with CT genotype. These results demonstrate that IL28B genotype influences lipid metabolism in patients with hepatitis C but not in noninfected and it seems to be viral genotype‐mediated. HCV infection modifies lipid‐related genes expression (DGAT1 and DGAT2) in cultured cells based on viral genotype and IL28 polymorphism.
Wide‐field spatial mapping of in vivo tattoo skin optical properties using modulated imaging

Modulated imaging is a new modality capable of wide‐field, spatially resolved measurement of in vivo optical properties. Based on spatial light modulation, the method is inexpensive, non‐contact, and allows spatial mapping of tissue absorption and reduced scattering coefficients at any wavelength between 450 and 1,100 nm. Currently, clinicians rely on qualitative visual inspection to guide parameter selection for laser‐based tattoo removal. MI provides quantitative measurements of multi‐colored tattooed skin which may help guide treatment and objectively assess response.
Exploring the relative impact of biological sex and masculinity–femininity values on information technology use

ABSTRACT Previous studies in an e-commerce context suggest that there are biological differences (i.e. whether one is a man or a woman) with respect to perceptions of websites. In other research, there is evidence that psychological gender (i.e. values such as masculinity or femininity) likewise influences website perceptions. It is the aim of the current investigation to explore the possibility that both biological sex and psychological gender influence user perceptions, and to examine the predictive power of each on our model. To test these assumptions, we use an augmented technology acceptance model (TAM). To maximise variance in our sample, participants are selected from two countries that are significantly different in masculinity–femininity. As expected, psychological gender better predicted trust and TAM than biological sex. Moreover, this study validates that the masculinity–femininity dimension as originally developed by Hofstede [1980. Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage] can be separated into two scales – one each for masculinity and femininity. The results suggest the need for additional research into the differentiation between psychological gender and sex.
Improving nurse-physician communication and satisfaction in the intensive care unit with a daily goals worksheet.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a standardized worksheet on physicians' and nurses' perceptions of their understanding of goals of care and on patients' length of stay in an intensive care unit. METHODS A worksheet was completed daily during multidisciplinary rounds and was posted at each bedside in the medical intensive care unit at Beth Israel Medical Center in New York. Information recorded included tests or procedures, medications, sedation, analgesia, catheters, consultations, nutrition, mobilization, family discussions, consents, and disposition. Attending physicians, residents, and nurses completed a questionnaire before implementation of the worksheet and 3 times afterwards. Responses were scored on a 5-point scale (1 = understand nothing, 5 = completely understand). Continuous variables were analyzed by using a t test; categorical variables, by using a chi(2) test. RESULTS Before the worksheet was implemented, scores for understanding goals were 3.9 for nurses and 4.6 for physicians. Scores increased to 4.8 for nurses (P = .001) and 4.9 for physicians (P = .03) 6 weeks later, an improvement that remained at 9 months. Both groups showed significant improvement in communication scores that lasted for 9 months. Most responders wanted to continue using the worksheet. During the study, the mean stay in the unit was 4.3 days, down from 6.4 days for the analogous 9-month period in the preceding year (P= .02). CONCLUSION Nurses' and physicians' perceptions of their understanding of the goals of care and of communication between them were improved and stays in the unit were shortened when the worksheet was used.
Are Parental Perceived Returns to Schooling predicting Future Schooling Decisions? Evidence from Macedonia

This paper investigates the role of parental expected returns to schooling as determinants of future schooling decisions. I show that when observing schooling decisions two years after the collection of information about perceived returns, parental subjective expectations are strong predictors for the probability of the child to be enrolled in secondary school. I provide evidence that this relation is distinctively different when looking at boys and girls. By using the unique longitudinal dimension of the dataset, I provide evidence against cognitive biases in expectation reporting and against endogeneity issues, which supports the use of subjective data in decision models.
Light Chain C‐Terminal Region Reinforces the Stability of Clathrin Heavy Chain Trimers

The self‐assembly of clathrin into lattices relies on the ability of heavy chain legs to form a three‐legged pinwheel structure. We investigated the role of light chains in clathrin trimerization by challenging recombinant hub (plus and minus light chain) with an anionic detergent. The binding of light chain increases the amount of detergent needed to induce detrimerization, suggesting light chains reinforced hub trimers. We also show that light chain C‐terminal residues are important for enhancing the in vitro assembly of hub at low pH. We assessed how much the C‐terminus of light chain contributed to the stability of the trimerization domain by adding full‐length and truncated light chains to trimer‐defective hub mutants, C1573S and C1573A. Adding full‐length LCb to C1573S caused some retrimerization, but little activity was restored, suggesting the majority of oligomeric C1573S was nonnative. A larger percentage of monomeric C1573A could be retrimerized into an assembly‐competent form by adding intact LCb. We also discovered that C‐terminally deleted light chains produced a heterogeneous population of hubs that were smaller than native hubs, but were assembly active. We propose a model showing how light chains reinforce the puckered clathrin triskelion. Finally, the ability of light chains to retrimerize C1573A hub suggests that the structural role of light chain may be conserved in yeast and mammals.
Variations in neurodegenerative disease across the UK: findings from the national study of Progressive Intellectual and Neurological Deterioration (PIND).

AIMS To identify any UK children with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) and obtain information about the causes of progressive intellectual and neurological deterioration (PIND) and the geographical distribution of cases. METHODS The PIND Study uses the monthly surveillance card that is sent to all UK paediatricians by the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit. Case details are obtained from the reporting paediatricians by telephone interview, site visit, or self completion of a questionnaire. A paediatric neurology expert group then classifies the anonymised cases. The Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (CDSC) provides mapping support. RESULTS After five years and five months of surveillance, 1400 children had been reported. In the UK the majority of PIND cases had a confirmed diagnosis (comprising 99 different conditions); 505 "no cases" and 97 "outstanding" cases were excluded. A total of 798 PIND cases were included as follows: 577 with a confirmed underlying diagnosis; six with definite or probable vCJD, 51 who had undiagnosed PIND but were not thought to have vCJD, and 164 cases who were still under investigation. In some districts there were unexpectedly high numbers of PIND cases with a heterogeneous mixture of underlying diagnoses. In the five districts with the largest numbers of resident cases the majority not only came from a particular ethnic group but also had high reported rates of consanguinity. CONCLUSIONS In districts with large numbers of PIND cases there are major resource implications. These children and their families have complex problems and they need access to diagnostic facilities and appropriate service provision.
In vitro and in vivo effects of ophthalmic solutions on silicone hydrogel bandage lens material Senofilcon A

Acuvue Oasys silicone hydrogel contact lenses (Senofilcon A) are used as bandage lenses and often combined with ophthalmic solutions in the treatment of ocular diseases. Concerns have been raised regarding the compatibility and effect of eye‐drop solutions on the bandage lenses, which have led to frequent replacement of lenses causing clinical problems. Some patients experience pain or discomfort during treatments and the accumulation of drugs and preservatives in lenses has been suggested as a possible reason. The aim with this study was to investigate the effect of ophthalmic solutions on silicone hydrogel bandage lens material Senofilcon A in vitro and in vivo.
An implantable PIFA antenna with a J-shaped proximity feed for RFID telemetry

A J-shaped proximity coupled Planar Inverted F-Antenna (PIFA), designed to be implanted into rat's body, is presented in this paper. The operating frequency range of the antenna is the Australian ISM (915-928 MHz) band. Antenna's surrounding (rat's body tissue) model has been developed and applied in the simulation to study the antenna radiation patterns, return loss and impedance bandwidth. The proposed multilayer PIFA antenna is compact and its dimensions are 13.5 mm × 11 mm × 4.25 mm including the ground plane. The antenna is designed to be connected with the RF module of a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) circuit board. The wireless link distance between the implantable RFID device and external base station is approximately 2m. A 5% impedance bandwidth at 10dB return-loss is predicted.
Management of Conflicts Arising From Disclosure of HIV Status Among Married Women in Southwest Nigeria

This study examined if disclosure to their spouses by married women living with HIV/AIDS resulted in conflicts. Fifty-seven women completed a questionnaire on conflict indicators. While 93% disclosed their status within 6 months of diagnosis, 12.3% did so through a third party. More than thirty-six percent (36.8%) confirmed that disclosure led to conflict. Although 19.3% had their conflicts resolved through a third party, 10% suffered separation. Marital status and fear of stigma significantly influence time to disclose (p <.01 and p <.05), while type of marriage strongly influences whether status will be disclosed (p <.01). Programs for women with HIV should consider conflicts that may arise from disclosure.
Contracting, performance management, and accountability

As state governments expand the use of private contractors to provide public services, they create challenges to performance management and accountability. Using the framework of accountability as a social relationship, we evaluate New Jersey’s oversight practices. We combine data from interviews and observation with a comprehensive analysis of the institutional framework. We raise two key questions. First, what causes New Jersey to neglect its performance management responsibilities? Second, how can New Jersey and other states strengthen their performance management and accountability practices? We posit that the state must retain some level of internal monitoring capacity as a core element of government. Effective oversight requires rebuilding administrative capacity and implementing ongoing, flexible, relational contract management that involves key stakeholders and does not put the entire burden of performance measurement on direct service providers. In this way, performance management and accountability can be linked together as tools for reflection and learning.
A retrospective study of dogs with atypical hypoadrenocorticism: a diagnostic cut‐off or continuum?

OBJECTIVES To describe the clinicopathologic findings and outcome in dogs with atypical hypoadrenocorticism (Group 1) and dogs with suspected atypical hypoadrenocorticism whose post-adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation cortisol concentrations were greater than 55 nmol/L but below the laboratory reference interval (Group 2). METHODS Medical records were searched to identify dogs diagnosed with hypoadrenocorticism between January 2004 and June 2014. Dogs were excluded if their Na:K ratio was less than 27 or if they had received prior therapy that could interfere with adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation testing. RESULTS Forty dogs were included in Group 1 and nine dogs in Group 2. In Group 1, the most common biochemical abnormalities were hypoalbuminaemia (87%) and hypocholesterolaemia (76%). Of 35 dogs in Group 1 with follow-up biochemistry results, five (14%) developed electrolyte abnormalities at 2 to 51 months post diagnosis. Of seven dogs in Group 2 with follow-up, glucocorticoid therapy was discontinued in two dogs without return of clinical signs, four dogs were subsequently diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and one dog continued to have clinical signs despite glucocorticoid treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dogs with gastrointestinal signs and hypoalbuminaemia and, or, hypocholesterolaemia should be evaluated for atypical hypoadrenocorticism. Follow-up electrolyte monitoring is recommended because some will develop electrolyte abnormalities. Although dogs in Group 2 had a clinical presentation compatible with atypical hypoadrenocorticism, the diagnosis appears unlikely based on review of follow-up data. Dogs with equivocal adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation results should be evaluated for other underlying diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. The use of endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone measurements in these dogs warrants investigation.
Large and State-Dependent Effects of Quasi-Random Monetary Experiments

Fixing the exchange rate constrains monetary policy. Along with unfettered cross-border capital flows, the trilemma implies that arbitrage, not the central bank, determines how interest rates fluctuate. The annals of international finance thus provide quasi-natural experiments with which to measure how macroeconomic outcomes respond to policy rates. Based on historical data since 1870, we estimate the local average treatment effect (LATE) of monetary policy interventions and examine its implications for the population ATE with a trilemma instrument. Using a novel control function approach we evaluate the robustness of our findings to possible spillovers via alternative channels. Our results prove to be robust. We find that the effects of monetary policy are much larger than previously estimated, and that these effects are state-dependent.
Perceived Parental Characteristics and Reports of Early Parental Deprivation in Agoraphobic Patients

It is commonly believed that patients with agoraphobia have suffered more frequently from aberrant family experiences in childhood. Some authors have described an excess of parental deprivation and others have incriminated parental overprotectiveness. Recent studies have failed to confirm these impressions but, instead, find that agoraphobic patients recall deficits in parental warmth and care during their early years. This report of a Sydney case-control study adds support to the view that parental overprotectiveness in isolation is unlikely to place the child at greater risk of developing agoraphobia in the future. Only when the child experiences a sense of parental neglect and lack of care, either alone or in combination with overprotection, does the risk of agoraphobia in adulthood appear to be increased.
Retinal Microvascular Abnormalities and Age-Related Hearing Loss: The Blue Mountains Hearing Study

Objective: Microvascular disease may contribute to hearing loss. We tested this hypothesis by examining the relation of retinal microvascular abnormalities and hearing loss. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study. We performed retinal photography and pure-tone audiometry on 1511 older individuals (ages 54+ years) from the Blue Mountains Eye Study population. Examination of the retinal microvasculature provides a noninvasive means of assessing systemic microvascular changes associated with cardiovascular disease, especially since reliable methods of quantifying retinal microvascular abnormalities from retinal photographs have recently been developed. Trained graders masked to audiometry data assessed retinal photographs for signs of retinal microvascular damage, for example, focal arteriolar narrowing, arteriovenous nicking, and retinopathy (microaneurysms, retinal hemorrhages), and used a computer-assisted method to measure arteriolar and venular calibers. We defined moderate or profound hearing loss as pure-tone average air-conducted hearing thresholds in the better ear worse than 40 dB at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. We used odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and probability values to present the associations between retinal microvascular abnormalities and hearing loss; an OR >1 indicates that persons with the microvascular abnormality are more likely to have hearing loss, a CI that includes 1.00 (e.g., 0.85 to 2.34) indicates no statistically significant association (i.e., the association may have occurred due to chance), whereas a value of p < 0.05 indicates that an association is unlikely to have occurred due to chance. Results: The proportion of women and men with moderate or profound hearing loss was 10.4% (90/862) and 15.4% (100/649), respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, blood pressure, and other risk factors for hearing loss, retinopathy in women was associated with hearing loss (adjusted OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.09 to 4.06, p = 0.002) but not in men. Associations were stronger for moderate or worse low-frequency (0.25 to 1.0 kHz) hearing loss in women (adjusted OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.25 to 7.19, p = 0.0005) but were absent for high-frequency hearing loss. In men, no retinal microvascular abnormalities were associated with hearing loss at either low or high frequencies. Conclusions: Retinopathy, a sign of retinal microvascular damage, was associated with hearing loss in women but not in men. Our results provide modest support to the hypothesis that microvascular disease may play a role in age-related hearing loss in women, particularly low-frequency losses.
Towards the delineation of the ancestral eutherian genome organization: comparative genome maps of human and the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) generated by chromosome painting

This study presents a whole–genome comparison of human and a representative of the Afrotherian clade, the African elephant, generated by reciprocal Zoo–FISH. An analysis of Afrotheria genomes is of special interest, because recent DNA sequence comparisons identify them as the oldest placental mammalian clade. Complete sets of whole–chromosome specific painting probes for the African elephant and human were constructed by degenerate oligonucleotide–primed PCR amplification of flow–sorted chromosomes. Comparative genome maps are presented based on their hybridization patterns. These maps show that the elephant has a moderately rearranged chromosome complement when compared to humans. The human paint probes identified 53 evolutionary conserved segments on the 27 autosomal elephant chromosomes and the X chromosome. Reciprocal experiments with elephant probes delineated 68 conserved segments in the human genome. The comparison with a recent aardvark and elephant Zoo–FISH study delineates new chromosomal traits which link the two Afrotherian species phylogenetically. In the absence of any morphological evidence the chromosome painting data offer the first non–DNA sequence support for an Afrotherian clade. The comparative human and elephant genome maps provide new insights into the karyotype organization of the proto–afrotherian, the ancestor of extant placental mammals, which most probably consisted of 2n = 46 chromosomes.