Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of best-estimate thermal-hydraulic codes for the safety analysis of research reactors

An established international expertise in relation to computational tools, procedures for their application including Best Estimate (BE) methods supported by uncertainty evaluation, and comprehensive experimental database exists within the safety technology of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). The importance of transferring NPP safety technology tools and methods to RR safety technology has been noted in recent IAEA activities. However, the ranges of parameters of interest to RR are different from those for NPP: this is namely true for fuel composition, system pressure, adopted materials and overall system geometric configuration. The large variety of research reactors prevented so far the achievement of systematic and detailed lists of initiating events based upon qualified Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) studies with results endorsed by the international community. However, bounding and generalized lists of events are available from IAEA documents and can be considered for deeper studies in the area [1]. In the area of acceptance criteria, established standards accepted by the international community are available. Therefore no major effort is needed, but an effort appears worthwhile to check that those standards are adopted and that the related thresholds are fulfilled. The importance of suitable experimental assessment is recognized. A large amount of data exists as the kinetic dynamic core behaviour form SPERT reactors tests [2]. However, not all data are accessible to all institutions and the relationship between the range of parameters of experiments and the range of parameters relevant to RR technology is not always established. However, code-assessment through relevant set of experimental data are recorded and properly stored. An established technology exists for development, qualification and application of system thermal-hydraulics codes suitable to be adopted for accident analysis in research reactors. This derives from NPP technology. The applicability of system codes like RELAP5, COBRA and MARS to the research reactor needs has been confirmed from recent works [3]. Definitely, system codes are mature for application to transient analysis in research reactors. However, code limitations have been found in predicting pressure drops as a function of mass flux at low values of mass flux when nucleate boiling occurs. The importance of the Whittle & Forgan experiments shall be mentioned and therefore furthermore, code validation must be demonstrated for the range of parameters of interest to research reactors [4].
Value contribution of immigrants to society through entrepreneurship

Immigration today is a reality that is transforming the social and economic landscape, particularly in some European developed countries as in Spain. Moreover, Entrepreneurship is considered as a key driver in today‟s economy recovery processes, particularly in relation to the innovative, change searching and opportunity seeker nature of entrepreneurs. Despite these facts, very little academia research has been published to date on the relationship effects between Immigration and Entrepreneurship. The main objective of this article is to analyze the differential values that immigrants introduce in the entrepreneurship process, starting with the motivation and discovery of the opportunity (Fiet and Patel, 2008), business start up (use of resources) and further economic and job creation effects associated to new business developments. Our approach starts with a comprehensive review of the different approaches and definitions associated to Entrepreneurship, considering that this process has not been yet defined as a basic and fundamental term (Fernandez, 2012). This review will be the basis for a wide analysis of immigrant Entrepreneurship reality, including motivations, abilities and specific challenges to achieve success.
The relationship between microstructure of Longissimus lumborum muscle and carcass quality of bulls slaughtered at three ages.

Year by year, increasing expectations of customers concerning beef quality, must be considered in relation to intensity of production. In that process, the age, feeding, breed and sex of animals are crucial factors, determining the slaughter value of fattened animals and quality of their meat [Wilton and Goddard 1996]. Age of animals at slaughter influences carcass quality traits and simultaneously affects meat tenderness and colour [Maltin
Spatial variation of phytoplankton and some physico-chemical variables during the highest flood season in Lake Nasser (Egypt)

Species composition, abundance, and phytoplankton biomass in Lake Nasser were studied during the highest flood season in autumn 1999, and were supported by some physico-chemical environmental parameters. The nutrient salts levels were low to medium, with ranges of 0.96-9.92 μg/L for nitrite, 20.14-72.14 μg/L for ammonia, complete depletion -27.69 μg/L for phosphate, and 5.83-9.00 μg/L for silicate. A total of 71 taxa were identified, of which 46% were chlorophytes, 26% bacillariophytes and 22% cyanophytes. Phytoplankton abundance and biomass values were higher in the northern stations than in the southern, but were lower than previously reported, indicating approaching from oligomesotrophic status, with,respectively, means of 108.9 x 10 unit/L and 1.18 mg/L for the main channel, and 712 x 10 unit/L and 1.229 mg/L for the khors. Bacillariophyceae was the most important group, constituted 80% and 64% of total abundance and 61% and 51% of total biomass in the main channel and khors, respectively. Cyclotella and Melosira were the most abundant genera. Cyanophyceae second in importance, forming 11.6% and 16.8% of total abundance and 34.6% and 42.9% of total biomass in the main channel and khors, respectively. Phormidium and Anabaenopsis were the most frequent genera. Highest species diversity (2.42) and evenness (0.92) were recorded in Tushka, and highest richness (2.52) was recorded in ElRamla. The statistical regression models performed showed that the most physico-chemical factors affecting the growth of phytoplankton abundance were pH values, dissolved phosphate and reactive silicate.As a whole, a declining in phosphorus concentration, phytoplankton abundance and biomass and development of Cyclotella and Melosira are approching the lake oligomesotrophic status.
Nonlinear Sub-Optimal Control for Polynomial Systems – Design and Stability

Many real world systems are inherently nonlinear. Therefore, the linear quadratic regulator theory is rarely efficient for these systems. In this paper, we propose the design of an optimal feedback control for polynomial systems in the indeterminate state variables. To deal with the case of a nonlinear infinite-horizon-cost-functional, we investigate the control based on the Lyapunov functions (LF) and by using the Kronecker product (KP) algebra. Then, we analyze the stability of the feedback and its domain of attraction (DA) in form of convex problems based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) formalism. The practical sub-optimal control is evaluated through simulation results and comparative schemes.
CEO COMPENSATION FOR BIDDERS IN UK M&As

The paper investigates the impact of M&As on bidder CEO and other executive compensation employing a unique sample of 100 completed bids in the UK over the period 1998-2001. Our findings indicate that less independent and larger boards award CEOs significantly higher bonuses following M&A completion and that UK CEOs and executive directors are rewarded more for the effort they place in order to accomplish an outside of their industry (large) merger rather than a horizontal (small) merger. Overall our findings offer support for the managerial power rather than the agency theory perspective on managerial compensation.
MASTITIS EPIDEMIOLOGY PRACTICAL APPROACHES AND APPLICATIONS

A door bolt adjustment system for an open-jamb safe having a door jamb and a door bolt configured to extend behind the door jamb with a gap therebetween. The door bolt adjustment system generally comprises a substantially rigid door bolt adjuster, configured to be attached to the inside of the door jamb, and a displacement mechanism, configured to allow adjustment of the position of the door bolt adjuster so as to occupy the gap. The door bolt adjuster includes a flange for contacting a side of the extended safe door bolt, and when the adjuster occupies the gap, the flange is placed in position for secure contact with the extended door bolt, so as to accommodate the alignment of the door bolt.
Impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention of sulphadoxinepyrimethamine plus amodiaquine on molecular markers resistance of Plasmodium falciparum malaria: A review in West Africa

The study discuss the potential impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) on the cases of malaria, anaemia and molecular markers resistance Plasmodium falciparum malaria; and also review the mechanism of action and the effect on immunity of SMC. SMC using an efficacious drug is likely to substantially reduce cases of clinical malaria in high transmission settings. However, an increase of molecular markers could hamper rolling out SMC as a national policy. Key words: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention impact, malaria molecular markers, review.
Influence of topography on monthly rainfall distribution over East Africa

Statistical models were defined for explaining the spatial distribution of rainfall in east- ern Africa (southern Kenya and NE Tanzania) on the basis of various topographical descriptors. The procedure is first presented for the month of April, and subsequently month-to-month changes in the role of topography on rainfall distribution are discussed. Predictors included quantitative estimates of slope, mean and standard deviation of elevation, and principal components that describe the topo- graphical environments around the meteorological stations. Different window sizes were considered in order to account for processes of different scales. Linear models were defined for each mean monthly rainfall field, and cross-validated. Inclusion of interpolated residuals yield explained vari- ances in the range of 53 to 89%. Results were compared to a simple interpolation of gauge rainfall. The models are particularly useful in areas with few rain gauges. Selected predictors, as well as their scales, change seasonally. North-south exposure contrasts are the main factor of rainfall variation, except in the northern summer. East-facing stations are wetter in the short rains season (October to December), and drier in the monsoon season. These variations coincide with seasonal atmospheric circulation changes above the region. Slopes also contribute to rainfall variability. At the scale of the study mean elevation had little effect; other predictors, especially exposure, actually describe the interaction between rainfall and topography more adequately.
The Challenge of Learning to Read Written English for the Profoundly Pre-lingually Deaf Adult

Many adults with profound prelingual deafness have difficulties reading and comprehending written English and this problem may originate from English phonological deficits and/or difficulties connecting sign language with written English. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to investigate the word coding strategies of profoundly deaf adults with a view to identify to what extent they used speech-based and sign-based strategies to process English text. For the gathering of the data participants completed three tasks: (1) a measure examining the use of speech and sign-based word coding during reading (2) a phoneme awareness task (3) and a task assessing skill in applying grapheme-phoneme correspondences. Data was analysed using tests of difference (t-tests and ANOVA) with the findings showing that while the less proficient readers had significantly greater English phonological deficits they reported only a minimal use of supplementary sign language coding strategies. Surprisingly, some of the proficient readers, with good English phonological skills chose to supplement them with some sign-based strategies. The possible reasons and instructional implications for these findings are discussed. Keywords: phonological; adults; reading; deaf; sign-language DOI: http://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2016-2203-01
Distances and inference for covariance operators

A framework is developed for inference concerning the covariance operator of a functional random process, where the covariance operator itself is an object of interest for statistical analysis. Distances for comparing positive-definite covariance matrices are either extended or shown to be inapplicable to functional data. In particular, an infinite-dimensional analogue of the Procrustes size-and-shape distance is developed. Convergence of finite-dimensional approximations to the infinite-dimensional distance metrics is also shown. For inference, a Frechet estimator of both the covariance operator itself and the average covariance operator is introduced. A permutation procedure to test the equality of the covariance operators between two groups is also considered. Additionally, the use of such distances for extrapolation to make predictions is explored. As an example of the proposed methodology, the use of covariance operators has been suggested in a philological study of cross-linguistic dependence as a way to incorporate quantitative phonetic information. It is shown that distances between languages derived from phonetic covariance functions can provide insight into the relationships between the Romance languages.
Stellar Evolution from AGB to Planetary Nebulae

Abstract Planetary nebulae are formed by an interacting winds process where the remnant of the AGB wind is compressed and accelerated by a later-developed fast wind from the central star. One-dimensional dynamical models have successfully explained the multi-shell (bubble, shell, crown, haloes) structures and the kinematics of planetary nebulae. However, the origin of the diverse asymmetric morphology of planetary nebulae is still not understood. Recent observations in the visible, infrared, and the submillimeter have suggested that the AGB mass loss becomes aspherical in the very late stages, forming an expanding torus around the star. A fast, highly collimated wind then emerges in the polar directions and carves out a cavity in the AGB envelope to form a bipolar nebula. Newly discovered structures such as concentric arcs, 2-D rings, multiple lobes, and point-symmetric structures suggest that both the slow and fast winds may have temporal and directional variations, and precession can play a role in the shaping of planetary nebulae. In this paper, we review the latest observations of planetary nebulae and proto-planetary nebulae and discuss the various physical mechanisms (rotation, binary, magnetic field, etc) that could lead to the observed morphologies.
Case-Based Optimization

Case-based Decision Theory (CBDT) suggests that decisions under ucnertainty are made by analogies to previously-encountered problems. The theory postulates a similarity function over decision problems and a utility functionon outcomes, such that acts are evaluated by a similarity-weighted sum of the utility othey yielded in past cases in which they were chosen. It gives rise to the concept of "aspiration level" in the following sense: if this level is attained by some acts, the decision will only choose among them, and will not even experiment withothers. Thus a case-based decision maker may be "satisficed" with a choice, and will not maximize his/her utility function even if the "same" problem is encountered over and over again. In this paper we discuss the process by which the aspiration level is updated. An adjustment rule is "realistic" if the aspiration level is (almost always) set to be an average of its previous value and the best average-performance so far encountered. It is "ambitious" if at least one of the following holds: (i) the initial aspiration level is set at a high level, or (ii) the aspiration level is set to exceed the maximal average performance by some constant infinitely often. While we propose realistic-but-ambitious adjustment rules for decision under uncertainty at large, we focus here on the case in which the decision maker is repeatedly faced with the "same" problem, assuming that each choice yields an independent realization of a given random variable. We show that if the adjustment rule is realistic-but-ambitious in the sense of (i), then with arbitrarily high probability the decision maker will asymptotically choose only expected-utility maximizing acts. Ambitiousess in the sense of (ii) above guarantees the same result with probability 1, and for all underlying payoff distributions. Hence, case-based decision makers who are both ambitious and realistic will "learn" to be expected-utility maximizers, provided that the decision problem is repeated long enough.
Applying Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour towards a Comprehensive Understanding of Social Network Usage in Saudi Arabia

This study examines the individuals‟ participation intentions and behaviour on Social Networking Sites. For this purpose, the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour is utilized. Data collected from a survey of 1100 participants and distilled to 657 usable sets has been analysed to assess the predictive power of Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour‟ model via structural equation modelling. The results show that attitude and subjective norm have significant effect on the participation intention of adopters. Further, the results show that participation intention has significant effect on participation behaviour. However, the study findings also show that perceived behavioural control has no significant effect on participation intention or behaviour of adopters. The model adopted in this study explains 47% of the variance in “Participation Intentions” and 36% of the variance in “Participation Behaviour”. Participation of behavioural intention in the model‟ explanatory power was the highest amongst the constructs (able to explain 14.6% of usage behaviour). While, “attitude” explain around 9% of SNSs usage behaviour.
A Review on Exploring the Weed Suppressing Characteristics of Arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi for Enhanced Plant Yield and Productivity

Weeds are plants, grown out of place, which compete with major crop plants for food, space and light, etc. Various physical, cultural, biological and chemical methods have been used for weed control but they have not been successful mainly, due to increased cost, labour and time. The application of herbicides for weed control has proven helpful but cannot be applied in case of organic farming, which is chemical-free-farming system. Biocontrol methods, utilizing biological organisms, have the potential to control weeds growth to a large extent with limited cost but it has not been well explored. In this method, soil microbes, such as rhizobacteria, pathogenic fungi and root symbiotic fungi, i.e., Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have not been widely used. Several studies have shown that AM fungi can inhibit weed growth and proliferation, though the exact mechanism as to how they interact with weed is not known. Reduced seed germination of weeds in the presence of exudates secreted by AM colonized plant roots, changes in relative abundance of mycotrophic (AM host) and non-mycotrophic (non-AM host) weeds species and reduction in weed biomass in response to AM fungi are a few mechanisms reported by various studies till date. The interaction of AM fungi with weeds is not always detrimental but can confer several advantages as discussed in this article. This review article highlights the potential of AM fungi in suppressing weeds growth and intensifies the need to study this mechanism at molecular level to efficiently employ it as weed control method.
Clustering analysis of high-redshift luminous red galaxies in Stripe 82

We present a clustering analysis of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) in Stripe 82 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We study the angular two-point autocorrelation function, w(θ), of a selected sample of over 130 000 LRG candidates via colour-cut selections in izK with the K-band coverage coming from UKIRT (United Kingdom Infrared Telescope) Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) Large Area Survey (LAS). We have used the cross-correlation technique of Newman to establish the redshift distribution of the LRGs. Cross-correlating them with SDSS quasi-stellar objects (QSOs), MegaZ-LRGs and DEEP Extragalactic Evolutionary Probe 2 (DEEP2) galaxies, implies an average redshift of the LRGs to be z ≈ 1 with space density, ng ≈ 3.20 ± 0.16 × 10−4 h3 Mpc−3. For θ ≤ 10 arcmin (corresponding to ≈10 h−1 Mpc), the LRG w(θ) significantly deviates from a conventional single power law as noted by previous clustering studies of highly biased and luminous galaxies. A double power law with a break at rb ≈ 2.4 h−1 Mpc fits the data better, with best-fitting scale length, r0, 1 = 7.63 ± 0.27 h−1 Mpc and slope γ1 = 2.01 ± 0.02 at small scales and r0, 2 = 9.92 ± 0.40 h−1 Mpc and γ2 = 1.64 ± 0.04 at large scales. Due to the flat slope at large scales, we find that a standard Λ cold dark matter (Λ CDM) linear model is accepted only at 2–3σ, with the best-fitting bias factor, b = 2.74 ± 0.07. We also fitted the halo occupation distribution (HOD) models to compare our measurements with the predictions of the dark matter clustering. The effective halo mass of Stripe 82 LRGs is estimated as Meff = 3.3 ± 0.6 × 1013 h−1 M⊙. But at large scales, the current HOD models did not help explain the power excess in the clustering signal. We then compare the w(θ) results to the results of Sawangwit et al. from three samples of photometrically selected LRGs at lower redshifts to measure clustering evolution. We find that a long-lived model may be a poorer fit than at lower redshifts, although this assumes that the Stripe 82 LRGs are luminosity-matched to the AAΩ LRGs. We find stronger evidence for evolution in the form of the z ≈ 1 LRG correlation function with the above flat two-halo slope maintaining to s ≳ 50 h− 1 Mpc. Applying the cross-correlation test of Ross et al., we find little evidence that the result is due to systematics. Otherwise, it may represent evidence for primordial non-Gaussianity in the density perturbations at early times, with flocalNL = 90 ± 30.
Star-formation efficiency and metal enrichment of the intracluster medium in local massive clusters of galaxies

We have investigated the baryon-mass content in a subsample of 19 clusters of galaxies extracted from the X-ray flux-limited sample HIFLUGCS according to their positions i n the sky. For these clusters, we measured total masses and characteristic radii on the basis of a rich optical spectros copic data set, the physical properties of the intracluster medium (ICM) using XMM-Newtonand ROSAT X-ray data, and total (galaxy) stellar masses utilizing the SDSS DR7 multi-band imaging. The observed (hot) gas-mass fractions are almost constant in this mass range. We confirm that the stellar mass fraction decre ases as the total mass increases and shows (20± 4)% scatter; in addition, we show that it decreases as the central entropy increases. The latter behavior supports a twofold interpretation where heating from merging quenches the star-formation activity of galaxies in massive systems, and feedback from supernovae and/or radio galaxies drives a significant amount of gas to the reg ions beyond r500 or, alternatively, a substantially large amount of intracl uster light (ICL) is associated with galaxies in nonrelaxed systems. Furthermore, less massive clusters are confirmed to host les s gas per unit total mass; however, they exhibit higher mass fractions in metals, so that their ICM is more metal-rich. This again supports the interpretation that in the potential wells of low -mass systems the star-formation effi ciency of galaxies was high or, alternatively, some gas is missing from the hot phase of the ICM. The former hypothesis is preferred as the main driver of the mass-dependent metal enrichment since the total mass-to-optical luminosity ratio increases as the total mass increases.