Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Diet and Physical Activity on Adiposity and Body Fat Distribution: Implications for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

I N T R O D U C T I O N . 137 P R E V A L E N C E O F O B E S I T Y . 138 H E A L T H H A Z A R D S OF OBESITY . 138 BODY F A T D I S T R I B U T I O N , I N S U L I N R ESI S T A NCE, H Y P E R I N S U L I N A E M I A A N D D I A B E T E S . 139 R E G I O N A L A D I P O S E T I S S U E D I S T R I B U T I O N A N D P L A S M A L I P O P R O T E I N L E V E L S . 140 A D I P O S E T I S S U E D I S T R I B U T I O N A N D H Y P E R T E N S I O N . 142 V I S C E R A L A D I P O S E T I S S U E v . M E T A B O L I C C O M P L I C A T I O N S : A C A U S A L R E L A T I O N S H I P ? 143 C O N T R I B U T I O N S O F L A C K O F P H Y S I C A L A C T I V I T Y A N D A H I G H F A T D I E T T O T H E A E T I O L O G Y O F O B E S I T Y A N D R E L A T E D C O M P L I C A T I O N S . 145 T R E A T M E N T O F OBESITY A N D R E L A T E D C O M P L I C A T I O N S . 146
Oral hygiene-awareness and practice among patients attending OPD at Vyas Dental College and Hospital, Jodhpur

Background: According to World Oral Health report 2003, the prevalence of periodontitis is 86% in India. Dental care can sometimes be a forgotten part of a healthy life style. While its importance is often underestimated, the need for regular dental care cannot be overstated. Oral health has been neglected for long in India. The scarce literature on dental health awareness, attitude, oral health-related habits and behavior among the adult population in Rajasthan prompted us to assess the preventive oral health awareness and oral hygiene practices in patients attending outpatient department of Vyas Dental College and Hospital (VDCH), Jodhpur through this study. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 patients in the age group 15–50 years were selected using random sampling technique. A self-administered structured questionnaire including 16 multiple choice questions was given to them. The results were analyzed using percentage. Results: The result of this study shows an acute lack of oral hygiene awareness and limited knowledge of oral hygiene practices. In Jodhpur, few people use tooth brush. Conclusions: Hence, there is an urgent need for comprehensive educational programs to promote good oral health and impart education about correct oral hygiene practices.
Cognition and White Matter Lesions

Although it is recognized that ischemic stroke is a potent risk factor for vascular dementia, the influence of white matter lesions (WML) on cognitive function is less clear. In community-based MRI studies that have administered mental status tests to subjects who were free of clinically evident neurologic disease, a weak relationship between WML and generalized cognitive function has been reported. In studies that have administered neuropsychological test batteries, a stronger and more specific association has been recognized between WML and deficits in executive function, most likely due to the involvement of frontal-subcortical pathways. Cognitive deficits may be related to the total volume of the WML, with a threshold perhaps needing to be surpassed before such deficits are evident, but it is likely that the location of the WML also plays a role, with that threshold varying in association with the distribution of the lesions. Potential confounders of the results of previous studies include small, strategically located subcortical infarctions that may be masked by more extensive WML and other comorbid neurologic disorders, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. Future studies should be prospective, utilize standardized methods for structural and functional brain imaging, and administer comprehensive neuropsychological assessments in order to more rigorously investigate the relationship between evolving WML and declining cognitive functions.
Mesenchymal stem cell properties of dental pulp cells from deciduous teeth

In the present study we have isolated and identified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the exfoliated deciduous teeth dental pulp (DP-MSCs), as plastic-adherent, spindle-shaped cells with a high proliferative potential. Immunophenotype analyses revealed that DP-MSCs were positive for mesenchymal cell markers (CD90, CD44, CD105, STRO-1, vimentin and α-SMA), and negative for hematopoietic stem cell markers (CD11b, CD33, CD34, CD45, CD235a). DPMSCs were also capable of differentiating into adipogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic and osteogenic lineages, fulfilling the functional criterion for their characterization. These results demonstrate that DP-MSCs offer a valuable, readily accessible source to obtain and store adult stem cells for future use.
A Relationship Between Time Perception and State-Anxiety

Participants in this study were randomly assigned to one of three interval groups of either one, three, or five minutes. All participants were asked to estimate a group-assigned time interval and complete the state portion of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). It was hypothesized that higher levels of state anxiety would cause participants to overestimate the passage of time. It was also hypothesized that shorter interval durations would be estimated more accurately than longer interval durations. Results of a ttest did not support the first hypothesis. Results of a linear trend analysis did support the second hypothesis (P < .05). These results indicate that state-anxiety does not cause the passage of time to be overestimated and that interval duration length affects how accurately time is estimated. Implications of this study are important to the understanding of human time-management ability and time estimation errors.
Respect and Disrespect in Deliberation Across the Networked Media Environment: Examining Multiple Paths of Political Talk

There is extensive research dedicated to civility in online deliberation, but empirical studies on mutual respect are still scarce. By adopting a systemic approach to deliberation, this study identifies different targets of disrespect conversation partners, arguments, actors and groups involved in a certain conflict, profanity without a clear target, and investigates their relations with deliberation in different online contexts. This paper argues that the nature of digital affordances related to anonymity and homophily influences the expression of foul language, but not as significantly as was originally assumed. Analysis reveals that online social norms help to explain the configuration of interactions and practices of reasoning together in YouTube, blogs, and Facebook; and the extent to which profanity affects justification and reciprocity.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI): a historical perspective

ABSTRACT Descriptions of dementia can be traced to antiquity. Prichard (1837) described four dementia stages and Kral (1962) described a “benign senescent forgetfulness” condition. The American Psychiatric Association's DSM-III (1980) identified an early dementia stage. In 1982, the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) were published, which identified dementia antecedents. The CDR 0.5 “questionable dementia” stage encompasses both mild dementia and earlier antecedents. GDS stage 3 described a predementia condition termed “mild cognitive decline” or, alternatively, beginning in 1988, “mild cognitive impairment” (MCI). This GDS stage 3 MCI condition is differentiated from both a preceding GDS stage 2, “subjective cognitive impairment” (SCI) stage and a subsequent GDS 4 stage of mild dementia. GDS stage 3 MCI has been well characterized. For example, specific clinical concomitants, mental status and psychological assessment score ranges, behavioral and emotional changes, neuroimaging concomitants, neurological reflex changes, electrophysiological changes, motor and coordination changes, and changes in activities, accompanying GDS stage 3 MCI have been described. Petersen and associates proposed a definition of MCI in 2001 which has been widely used (hereafter referred to as “Petersen's MCI”). Important differences between GDS stage 3 MCI and Petersen's MCI are that, because of denial, GDS stage 3 MCI does not require memory complaints. Also, GDS stage 3 MCI recognizes the occurrence of executive level functional deficits, which Petersen's MCI did not. Nevertheless, longitudinal and other studies indicate essential compatibility between GDS stage 3 MCI and Petersen's MCI duration and outcomes.
Vaccination in Halakhah and in Practice in the Orthodox Jewish Community

________________________________________________________ Asher Bush, a graduate of Yeshiva University and RIETS, is the rav of Congregation Ahavas Yisrael in Wesley Hills, NY, and is currently the chairman of the Rabbinical Council of America’s Vaad Halacha. He has authored over fifty articles on various halakhic topics including medical issues, and his Sho’el b-Shlomo responsa address a range of contemporary issues from prayer and kashrut to family life and education. Vaccination in Halakhah and in Practice in the Orthodox Jewish Community
In vitro activity of DU-6859a, a new fluorocyclopropyl quinolone

DU-6859a was tested against 844 recent clinical isolates (most from bacteremias) by using reference MIC determination procedures. The activity of DU-6859a against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin (range of MICs for 90% of isolates [MIC90], < or = 0.015 to 1 microgram/ml), and the highest MICs were observed among Serratia marcescens and Providencia rettgeri isolates. The DU-6859a MIC90 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Xanthomonas maltophilia was 0.5 microgram/ml. Pneumococci (MIC90, 0.06 microgram/ml), Haemophilus influenzae (MIC90, < or = 0.004 microgram/ml), Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC90, < or = 0.015 microgram/ml), and pathogenic neisseriae (MIC90, 0.015 to 0.03 microgram/ml) were very susceptible to DU-6859a. All staphylococci had DU-6859a MICs of < or = 1 microgram/ml, including oxacillin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant strains. DU-6859a was very active against isolates resistant to ceftazidime (MIC90, < or = 0.12 microgram/ml), ciprofloxacin (MIC90, < or = 8 micrograms/ml), and gentamicin (MIC90, < or = 1 microgram/ml).
Randomised controlled trial of methyldopa and isradipine in preeclampsia – effects on uteroplacental and fetal hemodynamics

This is a prospective randomised controlled study in 21 women admitted with preeclampsia in the third trimester. The mean arterial blood pressure decreased by 11.1 mmHg (95% confidence interval -14.9 to -7.3 mmHg) in the methyldopa group, and by 9.3 mmHG (95% confidence interval-14.4 to -4.2 mmHG) in the isradipine group. The maternal heart rate decreased by 6.9 beats per min (95% confidence interval -11.6 to -2.2 bpm) during methyldopa treatment, and by 2.5 beats per min (95% confidence interval -9.2 to 4.3) during isradipine treatment. Pulsatility index in maternal and fetal vessels was not affected by either of the two drugs. The birth weight and placental weight and neonatal outcome were similar and uneventful. The hypotensive effect was similar for methyldopa and isradipine. Except reduced maternal heart rate on methyldopa, fetal and uteroplacental hemodynamics were not altered during treatment of preeclampsia with methyldopa or isradipine.
Rosiglitazone increases dendritic spine density and rescues spine loss caused by apolipoprotein E4 in primary cortical neurons

Convergent evidence has revealed an association between insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, rosiglitazone, an insulin sensitizer and mitochondrial activator, improves cognition in patients with early or mild-to-moderate AD. Apolipoprotein (apo) E4, a major genetic risk factor for AD, exerts neuropathological effects through multiple pathways, including impairment of dendritic spine structure and mitochondrial function. Here we show that rosiglitazone significantly increased dendritic spine density in a dose-dependent manner in cultured primary cortical rat neurons. This effect was abolished by the PPAR-γ-specific antagonist, GW9662, suggesting that rosiglitazone exerts this effect by activating the PPAR-γ pathway. Furthermore, the C-terminal-truncated fragment of apoE4 significantly decreased dendritic spine density. Rosiglitazone rescued this detrimental effect. Thus, rosiglitazone might improve cognition in AD patients by increasing dendritic spine density.
Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil from Asteriscus graveolens against Postharvest Phytopathogenic Fungi in Apples

The essential oils of the aerial parts of Asteriscus graveolens have been studied using GC and GC-MS. Twenty-eight compounds were identified in the essential oil amounting to 94.9% of the total oil. The aerial part oils showed similar chromatographic profiles and were characterized by having a high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes with 6-oxocyclonerolidol (66.7% ±5.5) and 6-hydroxycyclonerolidol (8.8% ±1.2) as the major components. The antifungal effect of the essential oil from A. graveolens leaves was evaluated in vitro against three phytopathogenic fungi of apples (Alternaria sp., Penicillium expansum, and Rhizopus stolonifer). The results suggest that this essential oil has fungicidal properties towards Alternaria sp. from direct contact assay at 0.2% (v/v) and to P. expansum from vapor assay tests at 80 μL.
Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a clinical pathological study and literature review.

PURPOSE Plasmacytoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder or plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) is a rare and only recently described histological variant of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). We herein report the clinical and histopathological features for a new case of PUC. By combining with those reported cases, we intend to define the characteristics of PUC and to provide a therapeutic and prognostic guidance for this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The index case at our institution was a patient with complaint of lower abdominal pain but without any urological symptoms. The patient underwent radical cystectomy, and the representative sections of tumor were submitted for immunohistochemical analysis. The data for this patient were collected from clinical charts, histological review and follow-up studies. We also performed an extensive literature review of PUC including clinical presentation, pathological features, therapy and prognosis. RESULTS Clinically, patients with PUC are associated with nonspecific abdominal pain but absent of hematuria. Cystoscopy analysis revealed that PUC is manifested by the coarse and indurated mucosal fold. Macroscopic studies demonstrated an ulcerated firm mass which was present in the left lateral wall of the bladder. Histologically, PUC appeared to be dyscohesive, plasmacytoid cells with eccentric nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm with characteristics of plasmacytoid morphology. The tumor cells are negative for E-cadherin, but positive for CD138 expression. This particular patient died 3 months after the radical cystectomy and one course of adjuvant chemotherapy. Literature review revealed that most PUC cases showed similar clinical and pathological features along with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS PUC is a rare tumor associated with poor prognosis due to its advanced clinical stage upon its diagnosis. The delayed diagnosis is mainly due to the late occurrence of hematuria and absence of papulary mucosal surface at cystoscopy. Diagnosis can be achieved based on its typical histological features, clinical history and immunohistochemical results. Other than radical cystectomy, postoperative adjuvant treatment could be a good approach to prolong the survival time of PUC patients.
Biological Aspects of Near-Death Experiences

Near-death experiences (NDEs) are profound psychological events with transcendental or mystical elements typically occurring to individuals close to death or in situations of intense physical or emotional danger. Such experiences, once regarded as meaningless hallucinations, have become the subject of serious study by medical and other researchers in recent years. Near-death experiences are important to physicians not only because they may occur to patients while under our care, but because they often lead to profound aftereffects that may affect health and response to medical treatments, and because they may help us understand the interaction between mind and body, particularly as that interface is affected by the dying
How Pitch Moves: Production of Cantonese Tones by Speakers with Different Tonal Experiences

This study investigates how native prosodic systems as well as L2 learning experience shape non-native tone production in terms of tone movement, a primary cue to tone identity. In an imitation task, the six Cantonese tones were produced by four speaker groups: native Mandarin speakers (tonal), native English speakers (non-tonal), native English speakers with Mandarin learning experience (L2 tonal) and native Cantonese speakers (control group). The results indicate that native prosodic systems influence non-native tone production: Mandarin speakers are more accurate on pitch contour than pitch height while English speakers perform better on level tones than contour ones. Furthermore, L2 tonal experience assists L3 tone production, as English-speaking Mandarin learners produce Cantonese tones in the most native-like shape, outperforming both Mandarin and English speakers.
Pain Behavior and Response Properties of Spinal Dorsal Horn Neurons Following Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy in the Rat: Modulation by Nitecapone, a COMT Inhibitor with Antioxidant Properties

We attempted to characterize a spinal neuronal correlate of painful neuropathy induced by diabetes mellitus (DM). Pain behavior and response properties of spinal dorsal horn neurons were determined in rats with a streptozocin-induced DM. A catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor with potent antioxidant properties, nitecapone, was used in an attempt to attenuate neuropathic symptoms. Behaviorally DM induced mechanical hypersensitivity that was markedly attenuated by oral treatment with nitecapone. The antihyperalgesic effect of nitecapone was not reversed by naloxone, an opioid antagonist, or atipamezole, an alpha-2-adrenoceptor antagonist. Electrophysiological recordings performed in pentobarbitone-anesthetized animals revealed that the most distinct abnormality in response properties of spinal dorsal horn wide-dynamic range (WDR) neurons was the increase in their spontaneous activity observed in untreated but not in nitecapone-treated DM rats. Conditioning electrical stimulation and a lidocaine block of the rostroventromedial medulla (RVM) had a similar modulatory effect on evoked responses of spinal dorsal horn WDR neurons in all experimental groups. The response properties of spinal dorsal horn nociceptive-specific or low-threshold mechanoreceptive neurons were not markedly different between the experimental groups. The results indicate that increased spontaneous activity in spinal dorsal horn WDR neurons may be causally related to behaviorally observed mechanical hypersensitivity in DM. Attenuation of the increased spontaneous activity in WDR neurons may explain the antihyperalgesic effect by nitecapone, due to naloxone- and alpha-2-adrenoceptor-insensitive mechanisms. DM or nitecapone treatment did not produce significant changes in phasic or tonic descending pain regulation originating in the RVM.
Some non‐collarable slices of Lagrangian surfaces

In this note, we define the notion of collarable slices of Lagrangian submanifolds. These are slices of Lagrangian submanifolds which can be isotoped through Lagrangian submanifolds to a cylinder over a Legendrian embedding near a contact hypersurface. Such a notion arises naturally when studying intersections of Lagrangian submanifolds with contact hypersurfaces. We then give two explicit examples of Lagrangian disks in ℂ2 transverse to S3 whose slices are non‐collarable.
Counter-Based Tree Structure for Row Hammering Mitigation in DRAM

Scaling down DRAM technology degrades cell reliability due to increased coupling between adjacent DRAM cells, commonly referred to as crosstalk. Moreover, high access frequency of certain cells (hot cells) may cause data loss in neighboring cells in adjacent rows due to crosstalk, which is known as row hammering. In this work, the goal is to mitigate row hammering in DRAM cells through a Counter-Based Tree (CBT) approach. This approach uses a tree of counters to detect hot rows and then refreshes neighboring cells. In contrast to existing deterministic solutions, CBT utilizes fewer counters that makes it practically feasible to be implemented on-chip. Compared to existing probabilistic approaches, CBT more precisely refreshes rows vulnerable to row hammering based on their access frequency. Experimental results on workloads from three benchmark suites show that CBT can reduce the refresh energy by more than 60 percent and nearly 70 percent in comparison to leading probabilistic and deterministic approaches, respectively. Furthermore, hardware evaluation shows that CBT can be easily implemented on-chip with only a nominal overhead.
Robust face recognition with class dependent factor analysis

A general framework for face recognition under different variations such as illumination and facial expressions is proposed. The model utilizes the class information in a supervised manner to define separate manifolds for each class. Manifold embeddings are achieved by a nonlinear manifold learning technique. Inside each manifold, a mixture of Gaussians is designated to introduce a generative model. By this way, a novel connection between the manifold learning and probabilistic generative models is achieved. The proposed model learns system parameters in a probabilistic framework, allowing a Bayesian decision model. Experimental evaluations with face recognition under illumination changes and facial expressions were performed to realize the ability of the proposed model to handle different types of variations. Our recognition performances were comparable to state-of art results.
An estimate of potential threats levels to soil biodiversity in EU

Life within the soil is vital for maintaining life on Earth due to the numerous ecosystem services that it provides. However, there is evidence that pressures on the soil biota are increasing which may undermine some of these ecosystem services. Current levels of belowground biodiversity are relatively poorly known, and so no benchmark exists by which to measure possible future losses of biodiversity. Furthermore, the relative risk that each type of anthropogenic pressures places on the soil biota remains unclear.
Effects of a sustained muscular contraction on human intraocular pressure.

1. Normal subjects performed fatiguing static hand-grip contraction at tensions of 20% and 55% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by applanation tonometry before, during and after the isometric exercise. Forearm blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein in both the exercised and non-exercised arm before and 2 min post-exercise for measurement of plasma lactate, osmolality, P v,o 2 , P v,co 2 and pH. 2. During hand grip the heart rate and blood pressure increased significantly, whereas the IOP remained unchanged from control in both the 20% and 55% MVC experiments. 3. In the recovery period heart rate and blood pressure returned to control values within 3 min and the IOP decreased significantly from control in both the 20% and 55% MVC experiments. 4. When an occlusion cuff was inflated on the exercising arm just before release of the 55% MVC grip, the decreased IOP could be delayed until the cuff was released. 5. Post-exercise blood samples showed elevated lactate concentrations and P v,o 2 and decreased pH in the exercised arm; however, the values remained unchanged in the non-exercised arm. The decreased IOP after exercise may be related to an increased blood lactate concentration.