Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Moral Development and Perceptual Role-Taking Egocentrism: Their Development and Interrelationship across the Life-Span

Moral judgments and perceptual role taking egocentrism were assessed in seventy-two middle-class people whose age range encompassed a significant portion of the life span. Findings support the anticipated curvilinear relationship between moral development and age, and egocentrism and age. However, the close conceptual relationship between moral development and egocentrism throughout life received only slight statistical support, which attained significance only in the fifteen- to nineteen-year-old age group. The existence of “self-involving” egocentrism was postulated to be an important determinant of moral development during adulthood.
Do Managers Withhold Bad News?

In this study, we examine whether managers delay disclosure of bad news relative to good news. If managers accumulate and withhold bad news up to a certain threshold, but leak and immediately reveal good news to investors, then we expect the magnitude of the negative stock price reaction to bad news disclosures to be greater than the magnitude of the positive stock price reaction to good news disclosures. We present evidence consistent with this prediction. Our analysis suggests that management, on average, delays the release of bad news to investors.
The Double Dividend of Carbon Rights

Typically, generations cannot provide for the climate of their offspring by acting individually. Hence, without policy intervention, future generations are likely to be wealthier in terms of physical capital endowment, but poorer in terms of environment quality. It is common sense, at least among economists, that investing in future climate conditions must reduce the accumulation of physical capital and inescapably leads to losses in economic growth and material wealth. Our simulations, however, indicate that there are good reasons to believe that climate policy can have a double dividend if property rights on carbon emissions are used for policy intervention. First, they reduce the economic damage of climate change. Second, they generate a significant redistribution of income. This may lead to a larger physical capital stock and therefore to an increase in social welfare.
Leaving to enable others to remain: remittances and new moral economies of migration in southern Kyrgyzstan

This article seeks to extend the scope of existing literature on migration in Kyrgyzstan by revealing the material and moral assessment of labour migration and remittances amongst the people of Sopu Korgon, a village in Southern Kyrgyzstan. Remittances perform important social roles in sustaining social relations, making absent migrants ‘present’, gaining and/or retaining social status, passing through rites of passage and fostering the emergence of a new wealthy elite. Drawing on ethnographic research, the author examines the ambivalent opinions that surround the issue of migration and explores the idioms through which family absence is justified. The author argues that in addition to the important social functions of remittances, migrants' transfers in Sopu Korgon also help immediate family members to remain in the village and sustain their lives there. This in turn suggests that migrants' money ‘slows up time’ for other family members, delaying their own need to migrate.
Research, part of a Special Feature on Realizing Water Transitions: The Role of Policy Entrepreneurs in Water Policy Change Water Management in Spain: the Role of Policy Entrepreneurs in Shaping Change

The role played by policy entrepreneurs in preparing, initiating, and implementing water policy change in Spain over the last two decades is examined in an effort to understand how transitions in water management occur. The main questions considered are whether policy entrepreneurs can influence water policy change, and which strategies they actually adopt to promote change. John Kingdon's multiple streams framework was used to assess the ways in which policy entrepreneurs succeed in challenging the dominant agenda, mobilizing alternative policy ideas, and making use of multiple venues for initiating policy change. The data set comprises secondary documentation and interviews with state and non-state actors involved in Spanish water management. The main findings are that policy entrepreneurs from certain social, scientific, and political organizations have indeed played a central role in fracturing the traditional and long-standing approach and decision making process to water management as well as in opening new avenues for policy change. The main implication is that accounts of water management transitions should place greater emphasis on the role of agency in bringing about policy change.
The whole-brain pattern of magnetic susceptibility perturbations in Parkinson’s disease

Although iron-mediated oxidative stress has been proposed as a potential pathomechanism in Parkinson’s disease, the global distribution of iron accumulation in Parkinson’s disease has not yet been elucidated. This study used a new magnetic resonance imaging contrast, quantitative susceptibility mapping, and state-of-the-art methods to map for the first time the whole-brain landscape of magnetostatic alterations as a surrogate for iron level changes in n = 25 patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease versus n = 50 matched controls. In addition to whole-brain analysis, a regional study including sub-segmentation of the substantia nigra into dorsal and ventral regions and qualitative assessment of susceptibility maps in single subjects were also performed. The most remarkable basal ganglia effect was an apparent magnetic susceptibility increase—consistent with iron deposition—in the dorsal substantia nigra, though an effect was also observed in ventral regions. Increased bulk susceptibility, additionally, was detected in rostral pontine areas and in a cortical pattern tightly concordant with known Parkinson’s disease distributions of &agr;-synuclein pathology. In contrast, the normally iron-rich cerebellar dentate nucleus returned a susceptibility reduction suggesting decreased iron content. These results are in agreement with previous post-mortem studies in which iron content was evaluated in specific regions of interest; however, extensive neocortical and cerebellar changes constitute a far more complex pattern of iron dysregulation than was anticipated. Such findings also stand in stark contrast to the lack of statistically significant group change using conventional magnetic resonance imaging methods namely voxel-based morphometry, cortical thickness analysis, subcortical volumetry and tract-based diffusion tensor analysis; confirming the potential of whole-brain quantitative susceptibility mapping as an in vivo biomarker in Parkinson’s disease.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor use is associated with decreased colorectal neoplasia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving colonoscopy: a retrospective study

Purpose The purpose of this study was to clarify the factors that influence the incidence of colorectal neoplasia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Study Design and Setting Among a total of 1176 patients who underwent total colonoscopy at our hospital, we retrospectively analyzed 168 patients with type 2 DM. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were then performed to identify the risk factors associated with colorectal neoplasia. Results A multivariate analysis of these patients demonstrated that male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 4.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.67–10.37, p = 0.002), taking statins (OR = 4.59, 95% CI = 1.69–13.43, p = 0.003), taking alpha glucosidase inhibitor (α-GI) (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.13–0.87, p = 0.023) and taking low-dose aspirin (LDA) (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.10–0.95, p = 0.040) were independent factors associated with an increased (male gender and statins) or decreased (α-GI and LDA) risk of colorectal neoplasia. Conclusions While male gender and taking statins are risk factors, taking α-GI as well as LDA may reduce the risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with type2 DM.
A comparison of cranial fluctuating asymmetry between the two sexes in a Joseon Dynasty population of Korea.

SUMMARY Cranial fluctuating asymmetry (FA) has been used to examine developmental stress levels in various populations. In bioarchaeological studies, developmental stress can be an important factor for inferring standard of living in a population. However, the crania of a Joseon Dynasty population have only been studied in terms of its morphological characteristics. In this regard, the cranial FA of the two sexes from a Joseon Dynasty population of Korea were compared here for examining their aspects of living conditions in relation to developmental stress and socio-cultural factors. In this study, 77 individuals (39 males and 38 females) who belong to the 15th to the early-20th centuries from Seoul and Gyeonggi province in Korea were investigated. Nineteen three-dimensional landmarks on the vault and basicranium were collected using MicroScribe G2X. The coordinate data were aligned into a common coordinate plane by Procrustes least-squares superimposition. Procrustes ANOVA was adopted to evaluate FA at a population level. The FA of males and females were compared with t-test using SPSS 18. There was statistically insignificant difference in FA between the two sexes in the Joseon Dynasty population. The result was interpreted to reflect both relatively high developmental stress and sex-related discrimination in the population. It was postulated that relatively high developmental stress could increase difference in FA between the two sexes in the prenatal term compared to the postnatal term because sex-related discrimination cannot be practiced before birth and males have lower stress resistance than females. Then, the difference between the two sexes in the cranial FA could be decreased during postnatal development related to sex-related discrimination, resulting in insignificant FA difference of the two sexes in spite of high developmental stress of the Joseon Dynasty population. The results will be useful for comparing and reconstructing living conditions of ancient Korean populations.
EFFICIENT ACTION AND EVENT RECOGNITION IN VIDEOS USING EXTREME LEARNING MACHINES

EFFICIENT ACTION AND EVENT RECOGNITION IN VIDEOS USING EXTREME LEARNING MACHINES A great deal of research in computer vision community has gone into action and event recognition studies. Automatic video understanding for actions are crucial for application areas such as video indexing, surveillance and video summarization. In this thesis, we explore action and event recognition on RGB videos both in terms of feature extraction and classification. We propose a novel approach for large-scale action recognition in a realistic setting. After reviewing the technical background about recent popular video description methods, we present our approach in which improved dense trajectory features in combination with Fisher vector encoding are fed to extreme learning machine classifier. It is shown that extreme learning machine provides a fast and accurate alternative to other traditional classifiers such as support vector machines. Additionally, we investigate the usability of some mid-level features that we introduce to encode information about human part regions. We extensively study each step of our pipeline in a comparative manner. We evaluate our approach on recently published benchmarks which were introduced as challenge datasets: UCF101, THUMOS 2014 and ChaLearn Looking at People 2014 Track 2. Videos in the first dataset contain cropped actions while the ones in the last two datasets are temporally untrimmed, introducing more challenge. On 102 action classes of THUMOS 2014 dataset, we achieve 63.37% mean average precision using the challenge protocol, which has ranked 3 among other participants. Our results show that, using extreme learning machine, efficient learning can be performed in terms of both time and computational complexity while preserving high performance.
Store Wars: The Enactment and Repeal of Anti‐Chain‐Store Legislation in America1

Competition between organizational forms manifests itself in political contention over the law. The authors analyze the political strength and organization of the groups that supported and opposed state anti‐chain‐store laws. The enactment of these laws depended on intrastate political activity and the interstate diffusion of anti‐chain‐store legislation. The repeal process relied on suprastate activity, as nationally organized pro‐chain‐store forces shifted the arena of contention to the Supreme Court and forged national alliances with labor unions and agricultural cooperatives. In both enactment and repeal, the political resources and strategies of organziational forms interacted with existing institutions to determine the trajectory of institutional change.
Prevalence of HIV-related pulmonary arterial hypertension in the current antiretroviral therapy era.

RATIONALE The prevalence of HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has not been evaluated since introduction of combined, highly active antiretroviral treatments. OBJECTIVES To establish the current prevalence of PAH in a large HIV-positive population. METHODS Prospective study conducted in 7,648 consecutive HIV-positive adults in 14 HIV clinics in France. PAH was identified through screening with a predefined algorithm. Patients with dyspnea unexplained by other causes underwent transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. PAH was suspected if peak velocity of tricuspid regurgitation was greater than 2.5 m/second and was confirmed by right heart catheterization. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS PAH was diagnosed if mean pulmonary arterial pressure at rest was 25 mm Hg or greater (with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure < or = 15 mm Hg) or 30 mm Hg or greater on exercise. A total of 739 patients had dyspnea, of which 312 met exclusion criteria and 150 refused to participate. Among the remaining 277, 30 had known PAH and 247 had unexplained dyspnea and underwent echocardiography; PAH was suspected in 18 and confirmed in 5, to give a total of 35 cases. The prevalence was thus 0.46% (95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.64%). All new cases had relatively milder PAH. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HIV-associated PAH is about the same as it was in the early 1990s. Given the current good long-term prognosis of patients with HIV, the severity of PAH in HIV-infected patients, and the absence of predictive factors, careful screening for PAH is warranted for patients with unexplained dyspnea.
Exploring employment readiness through mock job interview and workplace role-play exercises: comparing youth with physical disabilities to their typically developing peers

Abstract Purpose: To assess performance differences in a mock job interview and workplace role-play exercise for youth with disabilities compared to their typically developing peers. Methods: We evaluated a purposive sample of 31 youth (15 with a physical disability and 16 typically developing) on their performance (content and delivery) in employment readiness role-play exercises. Results: Our findings show significant differences between youth with disabilities compared to typically developing peers in several areas of the mock interview content (i.e. responses to the questions: “tell me about yourself”, “how would you provide feedback to someone not doing their share” and a problem-solving scenario question) and delivery (i.e. voice clarity and mean latency). We found no significant differences in the workplace role-play performances of youth with and without disabilities. Conclusions: Youth with physical disabilities performed poorer in some areas of a job interview compared to their typically developing peers. They could benefit from further targeted employment readiness training. Implications for Rehabilitation Clinicians should: Coach youth with physical disability on how to “sell” their abilities to potential employers and encourage youth to get involved in volunteer activities and employment readiness training programs. Consider using mock job interviews and other employment role-play exercises as assessment and training tools for youth with physical disabilities. Involve speech pathologists in the development of employment readiness programs that address voice clarity as a potential delivery issue.
Sustainable Consumption and the Quality of Life: A Macromarketing Challenge to the Dominant Social Paradigm

This article argues that micromarketing cannot examine the relationship between sustainable consumption and the quality of life critically because the essence of the relationship lies in the dominant social paradigm. Only macromarketing can address this relationship effectively. It is within the intellectual purview of macromarketing to expand the domain of inquiry to include technological, political, and economic benefits and costs of consumption, thus challenging the paradigm itself
Kinetics of the Action of Thymine DNA Glycosylase*

The time course of removal of thymine by thymine DNA glycosylase has been measured in vitro. Each molecule of thymine DNA glycosylase removes only one molecule of thymine from DNA containing a G·T mismatch because it binds tightly to the apurinic DNA site left after removal of thymine. The 5′-flanking base pair to G·T mismatches influences the rate of removal of thymine:k cat values with C·G, T·A, G·C, and A·T as the 5′-base pair were 0.91, 0.023, 0.0046, and 0.0013 min−1, respectively. Thymine DNA glycosylase can also remove thymine from mismatches withS 6-methylthioguanine, but, unlike G·T mismatches, a 5′-C·G does not have a striking effect on the rate:k cat values for removal of thymine fromSMeG·T with C·G, T·A, G·C, and A·T as the 5′-base pair were 0.026, 0.018, 0.0017, and 0.0010 min−1, respectively. Thymine removal is fastest when it is from a G·T mismatch with a 5′-flanking C·G pair, suggesting that the rapid reaction of this substrate involves contacts between the enzyme and oxygen 6 or the N-1 hydrogen of the mismatched guanine as well as the 5′-flanking C·G pair. Disrupting either of these sets of contacts (i.e. replacing the 5′-flanking C·G base pair with a T·A or replacing the G·T mismatch with SMeG·T) has essentially the same effect on rate as disrupting both sets (i.e. replacing CpG·T with TpSMeG·T), and so these contacts are probably cooperative. The glycosylase removes uracil from G·U, C·U, and T·U base pairs faster than it removes thymine from G·T. It can even remove uracil from A·U base pairs, although at a very much lower rate. Thus, thymine DNA glycosylase may play a backup role to the more efficient general uracil DNA glycosylase.
Mortgage Market Deregulation and its Consequences

One of the key aims of housing policy has been to extend homeownership. This paper examines the role that mortgage market deregulation has played in extending access to homeownership. It also examines its social and economic impacts. Deregulation is characterised as an unfolding process, rather than an explicit policy with identifiable objectives. It is identified as involving the ending of direct controls over building society lending, the opening up of the mortgage market to competition as a consequence of the abolition of exchange controls and the ‘corset’, the creation of a level playing field between banks and building societies, and a shift towards regulatory convergence between banks and building societies. Institutional, social and economic consequences of deregulation are identified. Deregulation led to a much more competitive mortgage market, facilitated the shift of the bulk of mortgages from the mutual to banking sectors and contributed towards the polarisation of the industry between specialist providers of savings and mortgage products and diversified financial institutions. Deregulation widened access to homeownership by widening access to housing finance, but also introduced more risk into the system. However, the risk-choice trade-off has been tilted in the direction of risk by the inefficiency of the supply-side. This has caused many of the benefits of deregulation to be lost in higher house prices. Deregulation also altered the relationship between the housing sector and the economy by making housing wealth more liquid, and this has had important implications for economic management. The pricing out of many people from owner occupation and the importance attached to spreading housing wealth are driving the design of current policies designed to increase homeownership further still.
Equine renal hemangiosarcoma: clinical presentation, pathologic features, and pSTAT3 expression

Hemangiosarcoma is an uncommon tumor in horses. We characterized 3 cases of equine renal hemangiosarcoma, focusing on clinical and pathologic features, and describe occurrence of the epithelioid variant of hemangiosarcoma in one of these cases. Nuclear expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) was assessed to analyze potential inappropriate STAT3 activation as a component of tumor pathogenesis. Clinical signs in the 3 horses included insidious weight loss, followed in one case by serosanguineous nasal discharge and terminal epistaxis, and nonspecific signs of abdominal pain. Two of the hemangiosarcomas had a classical histopathologic appearance; in the other, neoplastic cells were polygonal and were arranged in densely packed sheets, resembling the epithelioid variant. Cross-reactivity of a pSTAT3 antibody was established by demonstration of pSTAT3 expression in the epithelium of glabrous skin by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. In the epithelioid hemangiosarcoma, ~40% of neoplastic cells exhibited nuclear pSTAT3 expression, but in the other 2 cases, expression was weak and variable in the neoplastic population, although stromal cell pSTAT3 activity was evident in pulmonary metastases in one case.
Imaging of metastable defects in silicon

Photoluminescence Imaging has been proven to be very useful for the characterization of silicon material characterization. By detecting emitted photons from the band-to-band recombination with a CCD camera information about the excess carrier density is gained. Besides carrier lifetime spatially resolved concentration measurements of the most prominent metallic impurities, namely interstitial iron and chromium, can be obtained in boron doped silicon. These measurements are based on a careful preparation of different metastable chemical states of the species under test by appropriate temperature and illumination conditions. Interstitial chromium as well as iron may reversibly bind to boron which changes their electrical defect parameters and thus the injection dependent carrier lifetime. From PL-images in both states the specific quantitative point defect concentration can be extracted. An analysis of the depth dependent carrier profiles gives an estimation on systematic errors, ideal measurement conditions, and a correction procedure for non-ideal measurement conditions. This contribution summarizes the state-of-the-art of impurity imaging methods with PL and introduces new aspects on quantitative PL-analysis of silicon material. A possible impact of lateral carrier diffusion on measurement errors is discussed by simulations of the carrier density distribution around extended defects. We present spatially resolved PL-measurements of the BO-defect concentration which expand the analysis of specific impurities. Being the most prominent factor which limits the carrier lifetime in Czochralski silicon this defect proves to significantly reduce material quality in multicrystalline silicon, too. For the separation of the impact of different metastable species present in the same sample a sequence of conditioning steps and measurements is proposed. Combining all techniques on the detection of metastable defects the quantitative impact of the specific detected impurity concentrations on the electrical material quality is deduced and can be tracked during solar cell processing resulting in a comprehensive analysis of efficiency-limiting defects in silicon.