Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MARKOV-RECAPTURE POPULATION ESTIMATES

E. Paul Wiley to U.S.D.A, AR.S. U.S. Grain Marketing Research Laboratory 1515 College Avenue Manhattan, KS 66502 This paper reviews recent development of a method for estimating insect populations. It is like mark-recapture methods, except that marking is done passively at bait stations by the insects themselves, and capture probabilities are generated using a simple Markov process model. Assumptions about rates of marking and capture are made from the sampling scheme, and the estimate is based upon the resulting multinomial probability distribution and maximum likelihood methods. The paper continues to review the sampling distributions for the population estimate, revealed by simulation, and explores correction of the bias. Relative likelihood based confidence intervals are compared with two standard error intervals, and found to perform better over a wide range of parameter values, especially where the number of recaptures is small. The method tends to become biased when used in an open or growing population. Goodness of fit tests are possible with the added degrees of freedom, but are not very powerful.
Discrimination of Trisopterus luscus stocks in northern Portugal using otolith elemental fingerprints

The pout, Trisopterus luscus , is one of the most important gadoid fish captured by northern Portuguese traditional fisheries. In spite of a substantial decrease in fish catches, little data are available either on the population structure or on the management of the species. In this study, chemical analysis with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry of whole otoliths of 90 pouts (age group 2, total length: 17.9–25.0 cm) provided location-specific elemental signatures. Sampling took place in shallow waters along the coastline in three fishing grounds off the Portuguese north coast (Viana do Castelo, Matosinhos and Aveiro) between February and March 2010. Otolith fingerprint analysis detected the presence of several informative trace elements. Molar concentrations for each site were analysed through uni- and multivariate statistical tests. Strontium, barium, magnesium and lithium (Sr, Ba, Mg and Li) differed significantly among locations, while no significant differences were found for manganese (Mn) and nickel (Ni). Canonical analysis allowed us to discriminate the tested individuals with respect to their sampling origin with a mean classification accuracy of 69%. The observed site-specific elemental differences in pout otoliths suggest a high level of site-fidelity in relation to their growing/feeding areas. Pouts from these locations can be regarded as a single, although not necessary homogenous, stock. Furthermore, this study also suggests that the populations of juvenile fish mix partially and, therefore, cannot be assumed to be separate units for fisheries management purposes.
Organic food consumption in China: the moderating role of inertia

Despite the progressive development of the organic food sector across Taiwan Strait, little is known about how consumers’ self congruity will influence organic food decision through various degrees of attitude and whether or not consumers with various degrees of inertia will vary in their intention to buy organic foods. The current study aims to examine the effect of consumption self congruity on behavioral intention related to organic food consumption under the mediating role of attitude as well as the moderating role of inertia. Research data were collected from organic food consumers across Taiwan Strait via a questionnaire survey, eventually obtaining 500 valid questionnaires for analysis. This study tested the overall model fit and hypotheses through structural equation modeling method (SEM). The results show that consumer attitude significantly mediates the effects of self congruity on organic food purchase intention. Moreover, the moderating effect of inertia is statistical significance, indicating that the relationship between attitude and purchase intention becomes weaker in the condition of consumers with higher degree of inertia. Several implications and suggestions are also discussed for organic food providers and marketers.
L2 Writing: Using Pictures as a Guided Writing Environment.

This article addresses the learning of second language (L2) writing skills to show how pictures can be used as an effective guided writing tool to facilitate students' writing process and to improve their writing proficiency. A study was conducted with 53 university students who had a prior knowledge of Spanish in secondary school. All students were enrolled in an intensive review course. Writing ability questionnaires were administered before and after the writing instruction, in addition to a final review of the writing tasks involved. Writing assignments were both topic-selected and picture-guided; students found the activities valuable, absorbing, and helpful. Results demonstrate that.the instruction of using pictures as a guided writing environment assisted beginning foreign language students to develop and improve their writing skills as well as to lower the anxiety level of expressing oneself in the target language. Findings suggest that foreign language teachers should be encouraged to use the pictorial approach for L2 writing education. (Contains 22 references.) (Author/NAV) ************************1********************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** L2 Writing: Using Pictures as a Guided Writing Environment Lina Lee State University of New York, Plattsburgh "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY t r TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). " U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office ol Educatronal Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality
Effects of Phytoplankton Abundance on Excystment of Tintinned Ciliates from Marine Sediments

I have examined the effects of abundance of two species of phytoplankton, Pavlova lutheri and Heterocapsa triquetra, on the excystment of tintinnids from sediments. The total abundance of tintinnids excysting from sediments over five days increased with increasing concentrations of both phytoplankton species. This tendency was particularly notable for Eutintinnus tubulosus and Helicostomella longa. Concentrations ≥5.4 × 104 cells ml–1 of P. lutheri inhibited the excystment of Tintinnopsis beroidea. The optimum concentration of P. lutheri at which excystment of tintinnid species is enhanced is ≥1 × 104 cells ml–1, depending on the species of tintinnids.
THE USEFULNESS OF OPERATING CASH FLOW INFORMATION: DOES FORMAT MATTER?

This study investigates whether the direct method of presenting cash flows from operations is superior to the indirect method in its ability to forecast future cash flows. It also considers the effect of industry characteristics on the relative usefulness of direct and indirect methods of cash flow presentation. The study, which uses a sample of Australian firms, finds that both the direct and indirect methods improve the forecast of future cash flows. However, the indirect method of reporting cash flows from operations is more relevant than the direct method in predicting future cash flows. Evidence from the industry-level analysis overall reinforces the main results.
Milsark's Generalization and Categorical Judgments

The main objective of this paper is to challenge the validity of Milsark' s generalization. According to the currently prevailing view, sentences with bare NP subjects represent different types of propositions depending on whether they are SL or IL; they are mapped onto different types of semantic representations . In the former, subject NPs are existentially quantified and in the latter they are bound by the generic operator. I will present evidence against this view and argue that the distinction between SL and IL cuts across the distinction between generic and existential construals of bare NP subjects . I will maintain that sentences with bare NP subjects , whether SL or IL, are subject to generic/universal or non­ generic/existential construals depending on the domain of interpretation.
Intercomparison of four airborne imaging DOAS systems for tropospheric NO2 mapping – the AROMAPEX campaign

Abstract. We present an intercomparison study of four airborne imaging DOAS instruments, dedicated to the retrieval and high-resolution mapping of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) vertical column densities (VCDs). The AROMAPEX campaign took place in Berlin, Germany, in April 2016 with the primary objective to test and intercompare the performance of experimental airborne imagers. The imaging DOAS instruments were operated simultaneously from two manned aircraft, performing synchronised flights: APEX (VITO–BIRA-IASB) was operated from DLR's DO-228 D-CFFU aircraft at 6.2 km in altitude, while AirMAP (IUP-Bremen), SWING (BIRA-IASB), and SBI (TNO–TU Delft–KNMI) were operated from the FUB Cessna 207T D-EAFU at 3.1 km. Two synchronised flights took place on 21 April 2016. NO2 slant columns were retrieved by applying differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) in the visible wavelength region and converted to VCDs by the computation of appropriate air mass factors (AMFs). Finally, the NO2 VCDs were georeferenced and mapped at high spatial resolution. For the sake of harmonising the different data sets, efforts were made to agree on a common set of parameter settings, AMF look-up table, and gridding algorithm. The NO2 horizontal distribution, observed by the different DOAS imagers, shows very similar spatial patterns. The NO2 field is dominated by two large plumes related to industrial compounds, crossing the city from west to east. The major highways A100 and A113 are also identified as line sources of NO2. Retrieved NO2 VCDs range between 1×1015 molec cm−2 upwind of the city and 20×1015 molec cm−2 in the dominant plume, with a mean of 7.3±1.8×1015 molec cm−2 for the morning flight and between 1 and 23×1015 molec cm−2 with a mean of 6.0±1.4×1015 molec cm−2 for the afternoon flight. The mean NO2 VCD retrieval errors are in the range of 22 % to 36 % for all sensors. The four data sets are in good agreement with Pearson correlation coefficients better than 0.9, while the linear regression analyses show slopes close to unity and generally small intercepts.
Exchange Rate Market Sentiment Analysis of Major Global Currencies

The paper deals with the analysis of market sentiments in exchange rates which are of great interest to trading individuals and institutional investors. For example, an institutional investor or a trading individual makes better investments and minimizes losses when equipped with an understanding of market sentiments in weekly or monthly exchange returns. In the approach suggested here, a typical market sentiment is defined on the basis of the certain function of the mean and the standard error of the logarithm of the ratio of successive daily exchange rates. Based on this surmise, the market sentiments are classified into various states, whereby states are defined according to the perceptions of the market player. A multinomial probability model is built to capture the uncertainties in market sentiments. Two asymptotically distribution-free tests, namely the chi-square and the likelihood ratio test of goodness of fit for the hypothesis of the symmetry in market sentiments are suggested. Two different measures of market sentiments are proposed. The approach advocated here will be of interest to researchers, exchange rate traders and financial analysts. As an application of the proposed line of approach, we analyze weekly market sentiments that govern exchange rates of the major global currencies—EUR, GBP, SDR, YEN, ZAR, USD, data from 2001-2012. Some interesting conclusions are revealed based on the data analysis.
Simulation of stratospheric water vapor and trends using three reanalyses

Abstract. The domain-filling, forward trajectory calculation model developed by Schoeberl and Dessler (2011) is extended to the 1979–2010 period. We compare results from NASA's MERRA, NCEP's CFSR, and ECMWF's ERAi reanalyses with HALOE, MLS, and balloon observations. The CFSR based simulation produces a wetter stratosphere than MERRA, and ERAi produces a drier stratosphere than MERRA. We find that ERAi 100 hPa temperatures are cold biased compared to Singapore sondes and MERRA, which explains the ERAi result, and the CFSR grid does not resolve the cold point tropopause, which explains its relatively higher water vapor concentration. The pattern of dehydration locations is also different among the three reanalyses. ERAi dehydration pattern stretches across the Pacific while CFSR and MERRA concentrate dehydration activity in the West Pacific. CSFR and ERAi also show less dehydration activity in the West Pacific Southern Hemisphere than MERRA. The trajectory models' lower northern high latitude stratosphere tends to be dry because too little methane-derived water descends from the middle stratosphere. Using the MLS tropical tape recorder signal, we find that MERRA vertical ascent is 15% too weak while ERAi is 30% too strong. The trajectory model reproduces the observed reduction in the amplitude of the 100-hPa annual cycle in zonal mean water vapor as it propagates to middle latitudes. Finally, consistent with the observations, the models show less than 0.2 ppm decade −1 trend in water vapor both at mid-latitudes and in the tropics.
Labor Participation of Married Women in Colombia

A pseudo-panel was built to estimate the determinants of the labor participation decision of married women between 1984 and 2000 in Colombia. Past participation decisions, education level, labor income taxes, children aged between 1 and 2 years old, and the presence of other people unemployed at home are the main explanatory variables of married women´s labor participation. The interest rate does not have any effect on that decision.
Market Frictions, Investor Heterogeneity, and Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance

If there are diseconomies of scale in asset management, any predictability in mutual fund performance will be arbitraged away by rational investors seeking funds with the highest expected performance (Berk and Green, 2004). In contrast, the performance of equity mutual funds persists through time. In this paper, we show how market frictions can reconcile the assumptions of investor rationality and diseconomies of scale with the empirical evidence. More specifically, we extend the model of Berk and Green (2004) to account for financial constraints and heterogeneity in investors’ reservation returns reflecting the idea that less financially sophisticated investors face higher search costs. In our model, both negative and positive expected fund performance are possible in equilibrium. The model also predicts that expected fund performance increases with managerial ability and explains why predictable differences in performance across funds are more prevalent in markets populated by less sophisticated investors.
Effects of Irrigation Frequency and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate on Water Stress, Nitrogen Uptake, and Plant Growth of Container-grown Rhododendron

The influence of irrigation frequency (same amount of water per day given at differenttimes)andnitrogen(N)fertilizerrateonwater stress(stomatalconductance(gS)), N uptake, and growth (biomass) of container-grown evergreen Rhododendron 'P.J.M. Compact' and 'English Roseum' and deciduous Rhododendron 'Gibraltar' was evaluated. Both N deficiency and high N rate increased water stress. Water stress was greatest in plants fertilized with the highest N rate and gS of plants grown with the higher N rates changed more in response to water deficits resulting from irrigation treatments and seasonal climatic changes. Watering plants more frequently decreased water stress of plants fertilized with higher N rates and altering irrigation frequency had little impact on alleviating water stress of N-deficient plants. Increasing irrigation frequency decreased N uptake efficiency (N uptake per gram N applied), increased N use efficiency (growth per gram N uptake) and altered biomass allocation with little influence on total plant biomass. Response of biomass allocation to N rates was similar among cultivars and response of biomass allocation to irrigation frequency varied among cultivars. Altering irrigation frequency changed either the availability of N in the growing substrate or the ability of roots to absorb N. Our results indicate that transitory increases in plant water stress can alter N uptake, N use, and plant form without detectable changes in total plant biomass.
Amostral Optimization of Mechanical Resistance to the Penetration of a Yellow Oxisol Under Pasture

The degradation of pastures can be characterized by several factors, mainly due to the management adopted, so in view of the country’s territorial extension and the peculiarity of each region and soil type, it is essential to develop research to improve the monitoring of the system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different sample densities to establish a mesh that gives precision in maps of spatial variability of soil mechanical resistance to root penetration to pasture areas in the coastal tableland region of Northeast Brazil. In a pasture area, three sampling meshes were demarcated for georeferenced evaluation of soil mechanical resistance to root penetration: mesh 1 established in the dimensions of 50 × 50 m, mesh 2 of 100 × 100 m and mesh 3 of 150 × 150 m, totaling an area of 9 ha. The soil resistance to penetration was measured using an automated apparatus, coupled to a tractor. The variation found in the values of penetration resistance in subsurface can be related to the management adopted in the area, as well as the trampling of the animals. Data on soil penetration resistance in pasture showed that the most compacted zone was always below 30 cm depth by using different sample densities. The results allow us to conclude that the higher the density of the sampling mesh, the greater the accuracy of the data and that, independently of the sample mesh, it was possible to identify the layer of higher soil mechanical resistance to root penetration.
Individualized Behavioral Supports at 15 Years: It's Still Lonely at the Top

Positive behavior support (PBS) has evolved over the past 15 years from an individualized approach to behavior management to one with an increased focus on universal applications. Although there are clear areas of convergence between individualized and universal supports, it is also clear that the provision of individualized supports is an independent activity and an area where there is still much left to be accomplished. We assert that the research agenda is unfinished, crucial research-to-practice questions remain unresolved, and knowledge about the extent to which individualized PBSs are available is incomplete at best. We argue that individualized supports need to be a primary consideration in research and training, particularly as aspects of individualized supports are mandated considerations under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Emphasis on individualized supports is important not only because they demonstrate promise but also because of their potential to protect the interests of individuals with severe disabilities.
Application of consensus theory to formalize expert evaluations of plant species distribution models

Aim Application of environmental envelope modelling (EEM) for conservation planning requires careful validation. Opinions of experts who have worked with species of interest in the field can be a valuable and independent information source to validate EEM because of their first-hand experience with species occurrence and absence. However, their use in model validation is limited because of the subjectivity of their feedback. In this study, we present a method on the basis of cultural consensus theory to formalize expert model evaluations. Methods We developed, for five tree species, distribution models with nine different variable combinations and Maxent EEM software. Species specialists validated the generated distribution maps through an online Google Earth interface with the scores from Invalid to Excellent. Experts were also asked about the commission and omission errors of the distribution models they evaluated. We weighted expert scores according to consensus theory. These values were used to obtain a final average expert score for each of the produced distribution models. The consensus-weighted expert scores were compared with un-weighted scores and correlated to four conventional model performance parameters after cross-validation with test data: Area Under Curve (AUC), maximum Kappa, commission error and omission error. Results The median consensus-weighted expert score of all species–variable combinations was close to Fair. In general, experts that reached more consensus with peers were more positive about the EEM outcomes, compared to those that had more opposite judgements. Both consensus-weighted and un-weighted scores were significantly correlated to corresponding AUC, maximum Kappa and commission error values, but not to omission errors. More than half of the experts indicated that the distribution model they considered best included areas where the species is known to be absent. One third also indicated areas of species presence that were omitted by the model. Conclusions Our results indicate that experts are fairly positive about EEM outcomes. This is encouraging, but EEM application for conservation actions remains limited according to them. Methods to formalize expert knowledge allow a wider use of this information in model validation and improvement, and they complement conventional validation methods of presence-only modelling. Online GIS and survey applications facilitate the consultation of experts.
Pop musicians and noise induced hearing loss

Objetivo: Investigar la prevalencia de la perdida auditiva inducida por ruido entre musicos de rock y su percepcion de la relacion entre la musica y el placer y el poder. Participantes y metodos: A 27 musicos no profesionales se les hicieron estudios de audiograma y logoaudiometria. Tambien respondieron a una escala de Likert en aspectos relacionados con la percepcion de la musica, el placer y el poder. Resultados: Todos los participantes tuvieron una curva audiometrica tonal pura dentro de los limites normales, aunque estaban expuestos a una presion de sonido media de 119.37 dB. Las respuestas a la escala revelaron una tendencia fuerte a considerar la musica como actividad placentera, asi como relacionada con sentimiento intimo de poder. Conclusiones: Los resultados parecen indicar una posible relacion entre las percepciones y algun tipo de efecto protector. Se necesitan estudios adicionales con metodos adecuados que incluyan los usados en la psicoacustica y las neurociencias