Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who Matters? The Perceived Motivational Climates Created by Coaches, Peers, and Team Captains and the Effect on Trait Self-Confidence and Enjoyment in High School & College Athletics

Sport is a source of overall well-being in young individuals with regards to health, learning to cooperate, and having fun among other areas. However, the degree to which young athletes are motivated to perform varies greatly based on a number of factors. This study focused on the influence that significant others in the athletes’ lives had on their motivation levels while in sport. Specifically, the study looked at which motivational climate created, coaches, peers, or team captains, had the most significant influence on high school and collegiate athletes. The focus was on the motivational climate’s impact on enjoyment, self-confidence, and resiliency factors when participating in sport. Ninety-five high school and college athletes, ages 13-22, from a high school and college in the Western New York region of the United States completed measures to determine how their enjoyment, self-confidence, and resiliency factors are influenced by the motivational climate created by the aforementioned significant others. The results showed that the most significant predictive relationship was between team captain master climates and enjoyment levels of athletic participation. Future research should be directed at the team captain approach to see if these results can be replicated. These results suggest that team captains, a group that has received little to no attention in the past, can have a significant impact on the sport experience.
Ionosphere state and parameter estimation using the Ensemble Square Root Filter and the global three‐dimensional first‐principle model

In the present paper we discuss the setup and the results of series of numerical experiments aiming to recover the plasma drift and neutral wind velocities using the Ensemble Square Root Filter together with the ionospheric numerical model. One of the objectives of the current research was assessing the performance of the upper atmosphere state and parameter ensemble estimation technique in the framework of the Observational System Simulation Experiment (OSSE). The other purpose was to improve calculation accuracy for the major driving forces in the ionosphere and to increase modeling reliability in real‐data operational cases. In the current paper we describe the setup of the modeling system used to obtain the presented results. In the first section we introduce the background physics‐based model used in the simulations and discuss its main assumptions along with drift and the neutral wind velocity calculation algorithms. Further we present the observations simulation system and describe the data used for assimilation and parameter estimation. We also provide a brief description of the Ensemble Square Root Filter and its application in the current study. In the last few sections the results of the numerical experiments are presented and discussed.
Uncertainties in the Radiative Forcing Due to Sulfate Aerosols

Radiative transfer calculations based on a new sulfate distribution from a chemistry-transport model simulation have been performed. A wide range of sensitivity experiments have been performed to illustrate the large uncertainty in the radiative forcing due to sulfate aerosols. The most important factors seem to be processes involved in the mixing of sulfate aerosols with other particles and uncertainties in the relative humidities. These factors can explain much of the large range in previous estimates of the radiative forcing due to sulfate aerosols reflected, for example, in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimate. Included in this study is a simple subgrid-scale parameterization of relative humidity to investigate a potentially large uncertainty in the radiative forcing due to sulfate aerosol.
Main trends of karyotype evolution in the superfamily Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)

An overview of karyotype evolution in the superfamily Chalcidoidea is given, including new data on karyotypes of Eurytoma curculionum Mayr, 1878 (Eu- rytomidae; 2n=20) and Euderomphale chelidonii Erdos, 1966 (Eulophidae; n=6). Structural types of chromosome sets in the superfamily Chalcidoidea are listed. Main pathways of karyotypic change in the Chalcidoidea are outlined. The chromosome set containing eleven subtelo- or acrocentrics is considered as an ancestral karyo- type for the superfamily. Multiple independent reductions in "n" values through chromosomal fusions presumably occurred in various groups of chalcid families.
Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungal Inoculation with Compost on Yield and P Uptake of Wheat in Alkaline Calcareous Soil

An experiment was conducted in pots under natural conditions in alkaline calcareous soil to determine wheat (Triticum aestivum L. c.v. Atta Habib) yield and P uptake as influenced by Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation with compost prepared from fresh animal dung and rock phosphate. Data indicated that wheat grain, shoot and roots yields increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by inoculation of commercial mycorrhiza (AMF-II) and half dose of compost. Grain yield increased by 43% and 37%, shoot by 43% and 39% and roots yield by 51% and 45% over control of N and K fertilizers. Straw yield was maximum as 5075 kg·ha-1 in the treatment of AMF-II inoculation with full dose of compost, which was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher as 44% and 40% over control of N and K fertilizers. Maximum and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher plant N and P uptake by wheat were observed in the treatment inoculated by indigenous mycorrhiza (AMF-I) with full dose of compost followed by the inoculation of AMF-II with full dose of compost and SSP treatment. Maximum and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased soil spores’ density of AMF by 26 spores per 20 g soil with maximum roots infection intensity in wheat were observed by the inoculation of AMF-I with full dose of compost. The AMF-II is slightly better than AMF-I regarding grain, shoot and root yield, whereas AMF-I is better in N, P uptake, soil spore density and their root infection intensity than AMF-II. Alone inoculation and compost application increase the yield and nutrients uptake but the highest improvement was observed with inoculation of AMF with compost. Results suggest that inoculation of AMF with compost has potential to improve wheat yields and plants’ P uptake under given soil conditions.
Pharmacological Treatment of Alopecia

In this chapter, we will explore non-surgical treatments of alopecia. Unlike many other areas of medicine, pharmacological treatments for alopecia are relatively new. There are only two treatments which are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); the rest are drugs developed for other indications which have gained popular off-label use to promote hair growth. The reasons for this are many, including the designation of alopecia by the FDA as a cosmetic disease. This designation has restricted alopecia development programs to compounds with virtually no side effects. Unfortunately, it has also led to off-label use of far more dangerous compounds as alopecia treatments, without the benefit of controlled trials. There is a growing recognition that alopecia, particularly alopecia areata and chemotherapy-induced alopecia, are disorders which significantly alter the quality of life, similar to acne vulgaris and psoriasis, and merit treatment accordingly. There have also been several recent advances in our understanding of the hair cycle, revealing new targets for developing alopecia therapies. As a result, there is a more robust slate of programs for developing new pharmacological treatments for alopecia. In this chapter, we will review current pharmacological treatments for alopecia and selected treatments under development (i.e., those with significant preclinical or clinical data which have appeared in the published literature).
Isolation and characterization of (+)-mellein, the first isocoumarin reported in Stevia genus

From the acetone extract obtained of leaves and stems of Stevia lucida Lagasca were isolated the following phenolic derivatives: (+)-mellein (1), hispidulin (2), pectolinaringenin (3) and isosakuranetin (4). These compounds were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic studies, including 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments. The literature review indicated that isocoumarins are rather rare compounds in higher plants. This gives importance to their discovery in the Stevia genus.
Productivity growth and space: a multilevel Verdoorn model

The paper proposes and tests an alternative way to incorporate a spatial dimension to the Verdoorn Law using multilevel models, tailored to deal with nested data. This methodology allows extending the Verdoorn equation, incorporating elements from Urban Economics. The estimations used firm-level data from the Brazilian manufacturing industry from 1996 to 2002. The results showed that, after controlling for firms' characteristics, the spatial dimension is crucial to explain rates of labour productivity and output growth. Moreover, the estimations showed substantial knowledge spillovers and that urbanisation externalities are beneficial to firms' growth, whereas localisation externalities tend to be harmful.
EXAMINATION OF DIFFERENT DOUBLE-PLANE CAMERA CALIBRATION STRATEGIES FOR UNDERWATER MOTION ANALYSIS

The purpose of this study was to evaluate five different double-plane calibration strategies with various localized control area sizes and degrees of overlapping to identify the best strategy to minimize the object-space reconstruction error in underwater motion analysis. The object-space reconstruction errors (RMS and maximum) and the RMS-to- max ratios were computed from a simulated underwater calibration trial. An imaginary experimental setup based on a theoretical refraction model was used for a series of camera calibrations. Different double-plane calibration strategies based on the same experimental setup generated very different RMS and maximum reconstruction errors. It was concluded from the analysis that large overlapping localized control areas can substantially reduce the reconstruction error in the double-plane method.
The Effects of Ion Irradiation on the Evolution of the Carrier of the 3.4 Micron Interstellar Absorption Band

Carbon grains in the interstellar medium evolve through exposure to UV photons, heat, gas, and cosmic rays. Understanding their formation, evolution, and destruction is an essential component of evaluating the composition of the dust available for newly forming planetary systems. The 3.4 μm absorption band, attributed to the aliphatic C–H stretch vibration, is a useful probe of the degree to which energetic processing affects hydrogenated carbon grains. Here we report on the effects of ion bombardment of two different kinds of nano-size hydrogenated carbon grains with different hydrogen content. Grain samples, both with and without a mantle of H2O ice, were irradiated with 30 keV He+ to simulate cosmic-ray processing in both diffuse and dense interstellar medium conditions. The ion fluences ranged between 1.5 × 1013 and 7.9 × 1015 ions cm-2. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy were used to study the effects of ion irradiation on grains. In both the dense and diffuse interstellar medium simulations, ion bombardment led to a reduction of the 3.4 μm band intensity. To discuss the effects of cosmic-ray irradiation of interstellar hydrogenated carbon materials we adopt the approximation of 1 MeV monoenergetic protons. An estimate of the C–H bond destruction cross section by 1 MeV protons was made based on experiments using 30 keV He+ ions and model calculations. In combination with results from our previous studies, which focused on UV irradiation and thermal H atom bombardment, the present results indicate that the C–H bond destruction by fast-colliding charged particles is negligible with respect to that of UV photons in the diffuse ISM. However, in dense cloud regions, cosmic-ray bombardment is the most significant C–H bond destruction mechanism when the optical depth corresponds to values of the visual extinction larger than ~5 mag. The results presented here strengthen the new interpretation of the evolution of the interstellar aliphatic component (i.e., the C–H bonds in the CH2 and CH3 groups) as evidenced by the presence of the 3.4 μm absorption band in the diffuse medium and the absence of such a signature in the dense cloud environment. The evolutionary transformation of carbon grains, induced by H atoms, UV photons, and cosmic rays, indicates that C–H bonds are readily formed, in situ, in the diffuse interstellar medium and are destroyed in the dense cloud environment.
Airborne observations of mineral dust over western Africa in the summer Monsoon season: spatial and vertical variability of physico-chemical and optical properties

We performed airborne measurements of aerosol particle concentration, composition, size distribution and optical properties over Western Africa in the corridor 2-17° N and 3-5° E. Data were collected on board the French ATR-42 research aircraft in June-July 2006 as part of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) intensive field phases in June-July 2006 using the AVIRAD airborne aerosol sampling system. The aerosol vertical distribution was documented on an almost daily basis. In particular, the vertical distribution of mineral dust emitted locally by Mesoscale Convective Systems (MSC) was distinguished from that of mineral dust that was transported from the Saharan by the African Easterly Jet (AEJ). Mineral dust emitted in the Sahel by convection-driven erosion was mostly confined in the boundary layer. One episode of injection of Sahelian mineral dust in the AEJ was observed. The elemental composition was found to be an element of difference between episodes, whereas the volume size distribution was more uniform. For non-mixed dust, the single scattering albedo ranged between 0.88-0.93 at 370 nm and between 0.91-0.99 at 950 nm, lower values being observed for Sahelian dust. In correspondence, the imaginary part of the complex refractive index varied between 0.002-0.004 at 370 nm and between 0.001-0.002 at 950 nm.
Using ecological and life-history characteristics for projecting species' responses to climate change

Assessing the impact of climate change on range dynamics is difficult in the absence of large-extent distribution data. We developed a novel two-step approach as an instrument for biodiversity risk assessment. First, we established relationships between modelled loss of occupied grid cells (‘range loss’, R2=0.29), or gain of currently unoccupied grid cells (‘range gain’, R2=0.30), for 195 plant species with distributional data under the A1FI climate change scenario up to 2080, and ecological and life history traits (life form, leaf persistence, ecological strategy, pollen vector, Ellenberg indicator values and characteristics derived from species’ ranges). Secondly, we used the resulting coefficients to predict climatic sensitivity for 688 plant species without spatially explicit distributional information. The models predicted range losses of 34±20 % (mean±standard deviation) and range gains of 3±4 %. Specifically, measures of species’ distribution, such as range size, were significantly related to both range loss and range gain. Other traits associated with range loss (e.g. life form, number of floristic zones) were not necessarily related to range gain (instead related to Ellenberg temperature indicator), indicating that two distinct sets of ecological processes govern range expansion and contraction. We found interaction effects between moisture indicator values and life form for range loss, and between moisture and temperature indicator values for range gain. The responses of species to climate change are complex and context dependent. Thus, our results highlight the importance of incorporating trait interactions in models to assess risks of climate change.
Growth and Dispersal of an Erupting Large Herbivore Population in Northern Canada: The Mackenzie Wood Bison ( Bison bison athabascae )

In 1973, 18 wood bison ( Bison bison athabascae ) were introduced to the Mackenzie Bison Sanctuary. The population has grown at a mean exponential rate of r = 0.215 ± 0.007, reaching 1718 bison >= 10 months of age by April 1987. Analysis of annual population growth revealed a maximum exponential rate of r = 0.267 in 1975, followed by a declining rate, reaching a low value of r = 0.013 in 1987. Selection predation on calves was proposed as a mechanism to explain the declining rate of population growth. The area occupied by the population increased at an exponential rate of 0.228 ± 0.017 sq km/yr. The dispersal of mature males followed a pattern described as an innate process, while dispersal of females and juveniles exhibited characteristics of pressure-threshold dispersal.
PCR fingerprinting for identification and discrimination of plant-associated facultative methylobacteria

Pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic bacteria (PPFMs) belonging to the genus Methylobacterium, often associated with phyllosphere and roots and symbiotically benefit the plant species. For identification and discrimination of common plant-associated Methylobacterium species, different PCR-based DNA fingerprinting techniques were evaluated along with metabolic divergence. Standard/type strains of 10 species of plant-associated Methylobacterium were fingerprinted by means of RAPD, ARDRA, RISA, BOX and ERIC markers. These species showed divergence in carbon-substrates utilization pattern. Among the above PCR techniques evaluated, RAPD, RISA and ERIC fingerprinting had high discriminatory power than ARDRA and BOX-PCR. Being simple, rapid and repeatable, RAPD, RISA and ERIC-PCR techniques could be used for species identification and diversity analysis of plant-associated PPFMs belonging to Methylobacterium.
Metabolic syndrome is inversely related to soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products:a study in mother-infant pairs

Slovak Medical University 12, Limbova St., Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 83303 2 Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University 1, Limbova St., Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 83340 Division of Nephrology & Institute of Pathology, RWTH University of Aachen 30, Pauwelsstrabe, Aachen, Germany, 52074 Institute of Molecular BioMedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University 4, Sasinkova St., Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 81104
Optimal-tuning PID control for industrial systems

Three optimal-tuning PID controller design schemes are presented for industrial control systems in this paper. They are timedomain optimal-tuning PID control, frequency-domain optimal-tuning PID control and multiobjective optimal-tuning PID control. These schemes can provide optimal PID parameters so that the desired system specifications are satisfied even in case where the system dynamics are time variant or the system operating points change. They are applied to three industrial systems, a hydraulic position control system, a rotary hydraulic speed control system and a gasifier, respectively. r 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Groups of two galaxies in SDSS: implications of colours on star formation quenching time-scales

We have devised a method to select galaxies that are isolated in their dark matter halo (N = 1 systems) and galaxies that reside in a group of exactly two (N=2 systems). Our N=2 systems are widely separated (up to ~200 h-1 kpc), where close galaxy-galaxy interactions are not dominant. We apply our selection criteria to two volume-limited samples of galaxies from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 6 (SDSS DR6) with Mr - 5 log10 h ≤ -19 and -20 to study the effects of the environment of very sparse groups on galaxy colour. For satellite galaxies in a group of two, we find a red excess attributed to star formation quenching of 0.15 ± 0.01 and 0.14 ± 0.01 for the -19 and -20 samples, respectively, relative to isolated galaxies of the same stellar mass. Assuming N = 1 systems are the progenitors of N = 2 systems, an immediate-rapid star formation quenching scenario is inconsistent with these observations. A delayed-then-rapid star formation quenching scenario with a delay time of 3.3 and 3.7 Gyr for the -19 and -20 samples, respectively, yields a red excess prediction in agreement with the observations. The observations also reveal that central galaxies in a group of two have a slight blue excess of 0.06 ± 0.02 and 0.02 ± 0.01 for the -19 and -20 samples, respectively, relative to N = 1 populations of the same stellar mass. Our results demonstrate that even the environment of very sparse groups of luminous galaxies influence galaxy evolution and in-depth studies of these simple systems are an essential step towards understanding galaxy evolution in general. © 2013 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Efficacy of Endodontic Treatment on the Persistence of Selected Endodontic Pathogens and on Radiographical Periapical Healing

The objective of this clinical study was to evaluate by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the antimicrobial efficacy and the outcome of an endodontic protocol treatment (EPT) performed by under-graduated dental students on infected root canals associated with periapical lesions. Fifty-six patients attending for treatment of pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis were included. A specific EPT approach was performed and DNA extracts were taken at the baseline (S1), after a disinfection-neutralization procedure (S2), post-chemomechanical preparation (S3) and after Intracanal medication (S4) for the presence of specific bacteria. The outcome of the EPT was assessed radiographically using the Periapical Index-system (PAI) after 18-month follow-up. An intergroup evaluation shows that when comparing S1 to S3, S1 to S4, S2 to S3, and S2 to S4, the presence of bacteria were significantly reduced (P 0.05). The most prevalent species in their respect order were Actinomyces Israelii > Enterococcus Faecalis > Fusobacterium Nucleatum / Prevotella Nigrescens > Phorphyromonas Endodontalis . After the 18-month follow-up, the overall success rate of root canal – treated teeth was of 88% (PAI 1 or 2). This In Vivo study demonstrated that EPT significantly reduced the number of cases with positive results for the studied bacteria, showing a profound positive impact in the outcome of endodontic treatment of teeth diagnosed with Pulp Necrosis and Apical Periodontitis.
Apatite fission-track and Re-Os geochronology of the Xuefeng uplift, China: Temporal implications for dry gas associated hydrocarbon systems

Hydrocarbon evolution is extremely challenging to determine, both temporally and spatially, in complex tectonic settings. Here we investigate the western margin of the Xuefeng uplift (southern China), which records multiple and protracted tectonic and hydrocarbongeneration events. This timing of initial oil generation is recorded by low-maturity bitumen (type A), which yields an Re-Os bitumen date of ca. 430 Ma, consistent with basin models and a ca. 405 Ma bitumen Rb-Sr date. In contrast, apatite fission-track (AFT) data yield consider ably younger dates that reflect the timing and tectonic evolution of the Yanshan orogeny from the northwest (ca. 150 Ma) to the southeast (ca. 70 Ma). The youngest AFT date coincides with the western margin of Xuefeng uplift, where high-maturity bitumen (type B) occurs that yields a ca. 70 Ma Re-Os date. The Re-Os and AFT dates imply that both the last stage of the Yanshan orogeny and, by inference, the cessation of dry gas generation, occurred ca. 70 Ma. The Re-Os data of this study imply that the Re-Os chronometer can aid in constraining the timing of oil generation and secondary and/or more mature hydrocarbon processes (e.g., thermal cracking and/or gas generation) in hydrocarbon systems worldwide.