Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online Grocery Shopping Behaviors, Knowledge and Attitudes of SNAP Participants (P04-194-19).

Objectives To inform policy proposals to allow online grocery shopping with SNAP benefits by examining relevant behaviors, knowledge and attitudes of SNAP recipients. Methods This qualitative study used a purposive recruitment strategy to conduct four one-hour focus groups with three to six participants each from March through May 2018 in Las Cruces, New Mexico. Participants were SNAP recipients with children who do the shopping for their family. Focus groups were video and audio recorded, transcribed, and coded, with coding cross-checked by coders to establish reliability. Results Few participants had shopped for groceries online although all were familiar with online shopping more generally. Participants were generally uninterested in grocery shopping online themselves but considered it could have value for the elderly or disabled. Identified barriers were cost, quality control for produce and perishable foods in particular, and distrust of the overall process. Participants suggested services such as a shopping list builder, filters for dietary restrictions, or healthy recipe ideas to increase interest in online grocery shopping. Conclusions SNAP recipients in this study have not adopted online grocery shopping for various reasons. Additional research could inform policy by investigating which participants would benefit from using SNAP benefits online and what strategies would encourage healthful food purchases. Funding Sources This research was not supported by any funding.
Differential immune gene response in gills, skin, and spleen of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss infected by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Infection of rainbow trout with the parasitic ciliate Ichthyopthirius multifiliis induces differential responses in gills, skin and spleen. A controlled experimental infection was performed and expression of immune-relevant genes in skin, gills, and spleen were recorded by qPCR at day 1 and 8 after parasite exposure. Infection induced a marked reaction involving regulation of innate and adaptive immune genes in rainbow trout at day 8 post-infection. The expression level of a total of 22 out of 24 investigated genes was significantly higher in gills compared to skin reflecting the more sensitive and delicate structure of gills. Especially pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17 C1, regulatory cytokines IL-4/13A, IL-10, TGFβ, complement factor C5, chemokines CK10, CK12, acute phase proteins (precerebellin, hepcidin) and immunoglobulins (IgM, IgT) displayed differential expression levels. The spleen, a central immune organ with no trace of the parasite, showed elevated expression of IgM, IgT, complement factor C5 and chemokine CK10 (compared to skin and gills directly exposed to the parasite), indicating an interaction between the infected surface sites and central immune organs. This communication could be mediated by chemokines CK10 and CK12 and cytokine IL-4/13A and may at least partly explain the establishment of a systemic response in rainbow trout against the parasite.
Multi-step material decomposition for spectral computed tomography

Spectral images from photon counting detectors are being explored for material decomposition applications such as for obtaining quantitative maps of tissue types and contrast agents. While these detectors allow acquisition of multi-energy data in a single exposure, separating the total photon counts into multiple energy bins can lead to issues of count starvation and increased quantum noise in resultant maps. Furthermore, the complex decomposition problem is often solved in a single inversion step making it difficult to separate materials with close properties. We propose a multi-step decomposition method which allows solving the problem in multiple steps using the same spectral data collected in a single exposure. During each step, quantitative accuracy of a single material is under focus and one can flexibly optimize the bins chosen in that step. The result thus obtained becomes part of the input data for the next step in the multi-step process. This makes the problem less ill-conditioned and allows better quantitation of more challenging materials within the object. In comparison to a conventional single-step method, we show excellent quantitative accuracy for decomposing up to six materials involving a mix of soft tissue types and contrast agents in micro-CT sized digital phantoms.
The Effects of Functional Progressive Strength and Power Training in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of a novel functional strength and power-training program on gait and gross motor function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a novel functional strength and power-training program on gait and gross motor function in participants with unilateral cerebral palsy. Methods: This 12-week trial of functional strength and power training included 30 participants with cerebral palsy, randomly assigned to the experimental or comparison group. The primary outcomes, 1-minute walk test, muscle power, and the Gross Motor Function Measure, were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks after the intervention. Secondary outcomes included dynamic balance as measured by Timed Up and Go, muscle strength, and 1-repetition maximum measures. Results: Significantly greater improvements were seen in the experimental group for muscle power, Gross Motor Function Measure E score, and 1-minute walk test (P < .05), as well as for dynamic balance, 1-repetition maximum, and muscle strength. Conclusion: Functional strength training combined with plyometric exercises improved gait and gross motor function, dynamic balance, muscle strength, and power. Video Abstract: For more insights from the authors, access Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww. com/PPT/A254
Rating Anaesthetists' Non-Technical Skills — The Ants System

Non-technical skills are the cognitive and social skills required in any operational task involving decision making and team work, such as aviation or surgical medicine. This study identified the key non-technical skills required in anaesthesia, and developed a behavioural marker system (Anaesthetists' Non-Technical Skills (ANTS)) for their assessment in theatre, in the simulator or from video recordings. It comprises four skill categories (task management, team working, situation awareness and decision making) divided into fifteen elements, each with example behaviours. A first stage evaluation was conducted by asking 50 consultant anaesthetists to rate the behaviour of a target anaesthetist using the prototype ANTS system in eight videos of simulated anaesthetic scenarios. The system appeared to be complete, and the skills were observable, and could be rated with acceptable levels of agreement and accuracy. The second stage evaluation is now testing the usability of the behavioural rating system in the operating theatre environment.
High proportions of children under 3 years of age consume commercially produced snack foods and sugar‐sweetened beverages in Bandung City, Indonesia

Abstract Child undernutrition continues to be a national concern in Indonesia, whereas childhood overweight/obesity rises. Economic development has led to wide availability of highly processed foods and beverages, with growing evidence that children are consuming commercial snack products during the critical complementary feeding period. This study assessed the prevalence and patterns of consumption of commercially produced snack foods and sugar‐sweetened beverages among Indonesian children. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted with 495 mothers of children aged 6–35 months living in Bandung City, Indonesia. Among all children, 81.6% consumed a commercial snack food and 40.0% consumed a sugar‐sweetened beverage in the day preceding the interview. At 6–11 months, 46.5% of children consumed a snack food and 2.0% consumed a sugar‐sweetened beverage. Snack foods were consumed 3 or more times a day by 60.0% of children 24–35 months of age. Sweet biscuits and savory snacks were the most commonly consumed snack foods; sweetened milks and sweetened teas were the most common beverages. Maternal education, child age, and consumption of a commercially produced complementary food were associated with snack food consumption. Factors associated with sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption were child age and consumption of a commercially produced complementary food or breastmilk substitute. These findings reflect a high presence of processed, high‐sugar/salt commercial snack products in the diets of children 6–35 months. National attention should focus on interventions to reduce reliance on processed snack products and increase consumption of nutrient‐rich, locally available foods during the complementary feeding period.
Socioeconomic position and alcohol-related harm in Danish adolescents

Background In adults, it has consistently been observed that with equal alcohol consumption levels, alcohol harms individuals with low socioeconomic position (SEP) more than individuals with high SEP. It is unknown if this so-called alcohol harm paradox is also present in adolescents. We aim to test the hypothesis that low SEP is associated with more alcohol-related harm as compared with higher SEP in Danish adolescents. Methods We used survey data from the Danish National Youth Study 2014 including 70 566 students from 119 high schools. Alcohol-related harm was measured by self-report as having been in a fight, involved in an accident, had problems with parents or friends, had sex that was regretted afterwards and done drugs that was regretted afterwards, because of alcohol. Further, a combined measure was constructed defined as having experienced any harm more than once within the last year. SEP was measured as parents’ educational level, family income, parents’ employment status and experiencing financial strain in the family. Analyses were adjusted by age, sex, perceived ethnicity, class type and binge drinking. Results Lower SEP was associated with higher odds of experiencing alcohol-related harm more than once as compared with highest SEP, and lower SEP was associated with higher odds of having been in a fight, problems with parents or friends, sex and regretting afterwards or drugs and regretting afterwards, as compared with highest SEP. These associations were statistically significant. Adjustment for the frequency of binge drinking did not change results. Conclusion The alcohol harm paradox exists in Danish adolescents, and this should be addressed in future prevention strategies to reduce the risk of alcohol-related harm among adolescents.
Cost-effectiveness of dabrafenib and trametinib in combination as adjuvant treatment of BRAF V600E/K mutation-positive melanoma from a US healthcare payer perspective

Abstract Objective: The COMBI-AD trial demonstrated the efficacy and safety of dabrafenib and trametinib in combination vs placebo as adjuvant treatment of patients with BRAF V600E/K mutation-positive resected Stage IIIA (lymph node metastasis >1 mm), IIIB, or IIIC melanoma. This analysis evaluated the cost-effectiveness of dabrafenib and trametinib vs observation from a US healthcare payer perspective. Methods: This evaluation employed a non-homogeneous, semi-Markov, cohort model with health states for relapse-free survival (RFS), post-locoregional recurrence (LR), post-distant recurrence (DR) receiving first-line treatment, and post-DR receiving second-line treatment. A 50-year modeling time horizon was used. Transition probabilities were estimated based on individual patient data (IPD) from the COMBI-AD trial. Health-state utilities were estimated using EuroQol (EQ-5D) index values from COMBI-AD and published sources. Direct medical costs associated with treatment of melanoma were considered, including costs of BRAF mutation testing, medication and administration costs for adjuvant and metastatic treatments, costs of treating recurrence, and costs of adverse events. Costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were discounted at 3.0% annually. Results: Compared with observation, adjuvant dabrafenib and trametinib was estimated to result in a gain of 2.15 QALYs at an incremental cost of $74,518. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was estimated to be $34,689 per QALY. In deterministic sensitivity analyses, the ICER was sensitive to the cost of dabrafenib and trametinib and the distribution used for projecting RFS beyond the end of follow-up in the COMBI-AD trial. At a cost-effectiveness threshold of $100,000 per QALY, the probability that dabrafenib and trametinib is cost-effective was estimated to be 92%. Conclusions: Given generally-accepted cost-effectiveness threshold values in the US, dabrafenib plus trametinib is likely to be a cost-effective adjuvant therapy for patients with BRAF mutation positive melanoma. These results may be useful for policy-makers in their deliberations regarding reimbursement and access to this treatment.
A systematic review of cannabidiol dosing in clinical populations

Aims Cannabidiol (CBD) is a cannabis‐derived medicinal product with potential application in a wide‐variety of contexts; however, its effective dose in different disease states remains unclear. This review aimed to investigate what doses have been applied in clinical populations, in order to understand the active range of CBD in a variety of medical contexts. Methods Publications involving administration of CBD alone were collected by searching PubMed, EMBASE and ClinicalTrials.gov. Results A total of 1038 articles were retrieved, of which 35 studies met inclusion criteria covering 13 medical contexts. Twenty‐three studies reported a significant improvement in primary outcomes (e.g. psychotic symptoms, anxiety, seizures), with doses ranging between <1 and 50 mg/kg/d. Plasma concentrations were not provided in any publication. CBD was reported as well tolerated and epilepsy was the most frequently studied medical condition, with all 11 studies demonstrating positive effects of CBD on reducing seizure frequency or severity (average 15 mg/kg/d within randomised controlled trials). There was no signal of positive activity of CBD in small randomised controlled trials (range n = 6–62) assessing diabetes, Crohn's disease, ocular hypertension, fatty liver disease or chronic pain. However, low doses (average 2.4 mg/kg/d) were used in these studies. Conclusion This review highlights that CBD has a potential wide range of activity in several pathologies. Pharmacokinetic studies as well as conclusive phase III trials to elucidate effective plasma concentrations within medical contexts are severely lacking and highly encouraged.
Fecal Microbial Transplantation For Diseases Beyond Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection.

As microbiome research has moved from associative to mechanistic studies, the activities of specific microbes and their products have been investigated in development of inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Findings from microbiome research have already been applied to the clinic, such as in fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. We review the evidence for associations between alterations in the intestinal microbiome and gastrointestinal diseases and findings from clinical trials of FMT. We discuss opportunities for treatment of other diseases with FMT, based on findings from small clinical and preclinical studies.
Stand‐alone intrathecal central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis provide unclear benefit in reducing CNS relapse risk in elderly DLBCL patients treated with R‐CHOP and is associated increased infection‐related toxicity

Central nervous system (CNS) relapse following R‐CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) occurs in 2–5% of patents with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Many patients aged ≥70 years are unsuitable for high‐dose methotrexate (HDMTX) prophylaxis and therefore often receive stand‐alone intrathecal prophylaxis. The CNS international prognostic index (CNS‐IPI) is a clinical CNS relapse risk score that has not specifically been validated in elderly patients. The value of CNS prophylaxis in patients aged ≥70 years remains uncertain. Data on 690 consecutively R‐CHOP‐treated DLBCL patients aged ≥70 years were collected across 8 UK centres (2009–2018). CNS prophylaxis was administered per physician preference. Median age was 77·2 years and median follow‐up was 2·8 years. CNS‐IPI was 1–3 in 60·1%, 4 in 23·8%, 5 in 13·0% and 6 in 3·3%. Renal and/or adrenal (R/A) involvement occurred in 8·8%. Two‐year overall CNS relapse incidence was 2·6% and according to CNS‐IPI, 1–3:0·8%, 4:3·6%, 5:3·8% and 6:21·8%. Two‐year CNS relapse incidence for R/A was 10·0%. When excluding HDMTX (n = 31) patients, there remained no change in unadjusted/adjusted CNS relapse for intrathecal prophylaxis effect according to CNS‐IPI. CNS‐IPI is valid in elderly R‐CHOP‐treated DLBCL patients, with the highest risk in those with CNS‐IPI 6 and R/A involvement. We observed no clear benefit for stand‐alone intrathecal prophylaxis but observed an independent increased risk of infection‐related admission during R‐CHOP when intrathecal prophylaxis was administered.
Variable global distribution of cell-of-origin from the ROBUST phase III study in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Although molecular heterogenicity of diffuse large Bcell lymphoma (DLBCL) with regards to cell-of-origin (COO) was first described nearly 20 years ago, limitations of technology used to assess COO precluded prospective, real time implementation in clinical trials until recently. Advances in COO methodology have enabled incorporation of COO into ongoing clinical studies, such as the international phase III ROBUST study (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: 02285062), which is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide plus R-CHOP (R-CHOP) versus placebo/R-CHOP in patients with activated B-cell-like (ABC) DLBCL. Based on our experience with the ROBUST study, we feel it is important to report our observations from the COO analysis, as they have the potential to influence the design and size estimation of studies that are currently being planned and will be planned in the future. Here, we report notable differences in the proportion of ABC-type DLBCL based on global regions: 60% in samples from China/Japan/South Korea/Taiwan; 40% in samples from Russia/Europe/Middle East; and 37% in samples from North America/Australia/New Zealand. The importance of identifying COO is now well established as a key component for classifying patients with DLBCL. Two distinct DLBCL subtypes were discovered by gene expression profiling (GEP). These were then translated into an immunohistochemistry (IHC) algorithm which recognized two broad subgroups defined as germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) and non-GCB subtypes. The use of GEP allows more accurate assignment of COO and specifically differentiates GCB from the ABC subtype, with a small group of tumors that cannot be assigned with high confidence labeled as unclassified. Patients with ABC-DLBCL who received R-CHOP have historically shown inferior outcomes, as demonstrated by 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of approximately 80% versus approximately 50% in DLBCL subtypes GCB versus ABC, respectively (P<0.001). However, newer combination treatment is challenging that notion.
Kidney transplantation across minor ABO incompatibility: the use of A2 to B transplants.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW On 4 December 2014, the new kidney allocation system (KAS) went into effect. As part of this system, UNOS approved for the first time a national system with a specific mechanism affording priority to allocate kidneys across so-called 'minor ABO incompatibility' from blood group A2 donors into blood group B recipients. This significantly increased the number of such transplants done and the opportunities to learn about the specifics of such transplants. RECENT FINDINGS A2 to B transplants have been demonstrated to be well tolerated, effective, and cost-effective ways of addressing disparities in the allocation system. Further data about the use of anti-A titers and the limits to successful transplant have better defined the bounds of who can benefit from such transplants. SUMMARY The success thus far with A2 to B transplants should increase comfort and acceptance of the allocation policy changes and we should see further increases in centers willing to use such transplants to better address inequalities in the system.
The categorisation of brands: The case of P&G™ branding strategy

In 2 studies, we tested what we considered to be the core of Procter and Gamble™ (P&G™) latest branding strategy: making the association between its corporate brand and its product brands explicit. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the conditions: explicit association between P&G™ and one of its product brands and a control condition. Results from Study 1 showed a positive influence of the corporate brand on judgements of brand quality for Crest™. Similarly, results from Study 2 showed a positive influence of the corporate brand on judgements of brand quality and trust for Oral-B™. From a multidisciplinary perspective, we discussed the theoretical and applied implications of our results.
Teaching, Learning and Information Literacy

Abstract This study explored pre-service teachers' understandings of information literacy and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) outcomes before and after being involved in a class that promoted and explored issues of information literacy and resource-based learning. One surprising result of a pre-class questionnaire was that, when asked about the role of information literacy in their lives as teachers, only four of the ten participants mentioned the students in their classroom and only one participant clearly stated that information literacy skills would need to be taught to students. This result suggests that teacher educators need to move from helping pre-service teachers become more information literate to helping pre-service teachers integrate information literacy skills into their own teaching. The post-class questionnaire found that immersing pre-service teachers in a research process, information literacy, and resource-based learning environment allowed their definitions of information literacy to expand, and they were better able to imagine how they could integrate the ICT outcomes into their teaching.
Frame synchronization for OOK optical systems

The critical problem of locating a periodically embedded frame synchronization pattern in random data is considered for direct-detection on-off keying (OOK) optical systems. Results of simulation studies on several synchronization schemes are presented. Performance results of comparisons with the maximum-likelihood (ML) estimate rule over a wide range of signal-to noise ratios (SNR) are provided. It is demonstrated that the modified high signal-to-noise ratio (HSNR-1) rule described by Asgill (1990), yields results that closely approach that of the ML rule. <<ETX>>
Recent advances in laryngoscopy in adults

Recent advances in technology have made laryngoscopy less dependent upon a direct line of sight to achieve tracheal intubation. Whether these new devices are useful tools capable of increasing patient safety depends upon when and how they are used. We briefly consider the challenges in reviewing the emerging literature given the variety of devices, “experience” of the care providers, the clinical settings, and the definitions of outcome. We examine some of the limitations of conventional direct laryngoscopy, question the definitions we have used to define success, discuss the benefits of indirect (video) techniques, and review evidence pertaining to their use in the patients in the operating room, emergency department, and intensive care unit.