Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aripiprazole in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder comorbid with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a pilot randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE To assess response to treatment with aripiprazole in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder comorbid with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD Children and adolescents were extensively assessed according to DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder comorbid with ADHD (n = 710). Those with this comorbidity who were acutely manic or in mixed states were randomly assigned in a 6-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to aripiprazole (n = 18) or placebo (n = 25). Primary outcome measures were assessed weekly and included the Young Mania Rating Scale; the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Scale-Version IV; and weight. Secondary outcome measures were the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale, the Child Mania Rating Scale-Parental Version (CMRS-P), the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised, the Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale, and adverse events. The trial was conducted at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from January 2005 to November 2007. RESULTS The group receiving aripiprazole showed a significantly greater reduction in YMRS scores (P = .02, effect size [ES] = 0.80), CMRS-P scores (P = .02; ES = 0.54), and CGI-S scores (P = .04; ES = 0.28) from baseline to endpoint than the placebo group. In addition, higher rates of response (P = .02) and remission (P = .01) were found for the aripiprazole group. No significant between-group differences were found in weight, ADHD symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Adverse events significantly more frequent in the aripiprazole group were somnolence and sialorrhea. CONCLUSION Aripiprazole was effective in reducing manic symptoms and improving global functioning without promoting severe adverse events or weight gain. No significant treatment effect in ADHD symptoms was observed. Studies are needed to assess psychopharmacologic interventions for improving ADHD symptoms in juvenile bipolar disorder comorbid with ADHD. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00116259.
Genetic Organization of the Region Encoding Regulation, Biosynthesis, and Transport of Rhizobactin 1021, a Siderophore Produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti

ABSTRACT Eight genes have been identified that function in the regulation, biosynthesis, and transport of rhizobactin 1021, a hydroxamate siderophore produced under iron stress bySinorhizobium meliloti. The genes were sequenced, and transposon insertion mutants were constructed for phenotypic analysis. Six of the genes, named rhbABCDEF, function in the biosynthesis of the siderophore and were shown to constitute an operon that is repressed under iron-replete conditions. Another gene in the cluster, named rhtA, encodes the outer membrane receptor protein for rhizobactin 1021. It was shown to be regulated by iron and to encode a product having 61% similarity to IutA, the outer membrane receptor for aerobactin. Transcription of both therhbABCDEF operon and the rhtA gene was found to be positively regulated by the product of the eighth gene in the cluster, named rhrA, which has characteristics of an AraC-type transcriptional activator. The six genes in therhbABCDEF operon have interesting gene junctions with short base overlaps existing between the genes. Similarities between the protein products of the biosynthesis genes and other proteins suggest that rhizobactin 1021 is synthesized by the formation of a novel siderophore precursor, 1,3-diaminopropane, which is then modified and attached to citrate in steps resembling those of the aerobactin biosynthetic pathway. The cluster of genes is located on the pSyma megaplasmid of S. meliloti 2011. Reverse transcription-PCR with RNA isolated from mature alfalfa nodules yielded no products for rhbF or rhtA at a time when the nifH gene was strongly expressed, indicating that siderophore biosynthesis and transport genes are not strongly expressed when nitrogenase is being formed in root nodules. Mutants having transposon insertions in the biosynthesis or transport genes induced effective nitrogen-fixing nodules on alfalfa plants.
Patient Satisfaction and the Use of Health Services: Explorations in Causality

Little research exists that examines the causal relationship between patient satisfaction and the use of health services. This study of a representative sample of low income families suggests that a relationship does exist. Furthermore, results reported indicate it is bidirectional and reciprocal in nature, and that it is highly related to the provider from which patients seek care. Analysis according to the five major area clinics that were main sources of medical care for an upstate New York community (two HMOs, two hospital-affiliated teaching clinics, and one continuity-of-care clinic) revealed that, in some providers, the association between use and satisfaction is positive, in others negative. Further evidence for a "patient provider" interaction hypothesis was found, suggesting that background characteristics, including health status and race, are related to use and satisfaction in different ways in different clinics. The findings provide evidence for the existence of a causal relationship between use and satisfaction, which is dependent on the context in which medical care is given, and also suggest structural characteristics that might be responsible for these effects. A final conceptual model of satisfaction is offered, permitting reciprocal causation with use and satisfaction with emphasis on patient provider interactions, and this model provides an identification of short- and long-term processes. Progress in this area might require a shift in perspective upward toward structural and systems variables or a shift downward toward "microanalytic" processes, which detail patient-provider interactions.
A specific nutrient combination designed to support synapse formation and function in patients with AD

Synapse loss and synaptic dysfunction are pathological processes already involved in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Synapses consist principally of neuronal membranes, and the neuronal and synaptic losses observed in AD have been linked to the degeneration and altered composition and structure of these membranes. Consequently, synapse loss and membrane-related pathology provide viable targets for intervention in AD. The specific nutrient combination Fortasyn Connect (FC) is designed to ameliorate synapse loss and synaptic dysfunction in AD by addressing distinct nutritional needs believed to be present in these patients. This nutrient combination comprises uridine, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, choline, phospholipids, folic acid, vitamins B12, B6, C, and E, and selenium, and is present in Souvenaid, a medical food intended for use in early AD. It has been hypothesized that FC counteracts synaptic loss and reduces membrane-related pathology in AD by providing nutritional precursors and cofactors that act together to support neuronal membrane formation and function. Preclinical studies formed the basis of this hypothesis which is being validated in a broad clinical study program investigating the potential of this nutrient combination in AD. Memory dysfunction is one key early manifestation in AD and is associated with synapse loss. The clinical studies to date show that the FC-containing medical food improves memory function and preserves functional brain network organization in mild AD compared with controls, supporting the hypothesis that this intervention counteracts synaptic dysfunction. This review provides a comprehensive overview of basic scientific studies that led to the creation of FC and of its effects in various preclinical models.
Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: An Empirical Study of Polish Listed Companies

In this paper we explore whether a number of elements influence the levels of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in the annual reports of Polish companies. These elements include the following: company size, profitability, financial leverage, industry environmental sensitivity, board size, women on the board, internationalization, and reputation. We use content analysis to determine the quality of CSR disclosures. We test our hypotheses using a Tobit regression analysis on a sample of 60 reports from Polish companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. We find industry environmental sensitivity to have significant influence on CSR disclosures. Our research findings also reveal a relationship between company turnover, duration of the stock exchange listing, inclusion in the Respect Index portfolio and foreign capital share, and the level of CSR disclosures. This study extends the scope of previous studies by including non-commonly used independent variables: the company’s internationalization and reputation. To the authors’ knowledge, it is the primary step to investigating CSR reporting practices coupled with the corporate characteristics in a Central and Eastern European country such as Poland. The paper contributes to the understanding of determinants of CSR disclosure and offers findings which are potentially useful for both theory and practice.
Iron under Earth’s core conditions: Liquid-state thermodynamics and high-pressure melting curve from ab initio calculations

Ab initio techniques based on density functional theory in the projector-augmented-wave implementation are used to calculate the free energy and a range of other thermodynamic properties of liquid iron at high pressures and temperatures relevant to the Earth’s core. The ab initio free energy is obtained by using thermodynamic integration to calculate the change of free energy on going from a simple reference system to the ab initio system, with thermal averages computed by ab initio molecular dynamics simulation. The reference system consists of the inverse-power pair-potential model used in previous work. The liquid-state free energy is combined with the free energy of hexagonal close packed Fe calculated earlier using identical ab initio techniques to obtain the melting curve and volume and entropy of melting. Comparisons of the calculated melting properties with experimental measurement and with other recent ab initio predictions are presented. Experiment-theory comparisons are also presented for the pressures at which the solid and liquid Hugoniot curves cross the melting line, and the sound speed and Gruneisen parameter along the Hugoniot. Additional comparisons are made with a commonly used equation of state for high-pressure–high-temperature Fe based on experimental data.
Therapeutic effect of cefozopran (SCE-2787), a new parenteral cephalosporin, against experimental infections in mice

The therapeutic effect of cefozopran (SCE-2787), a new semisynthetic parenteral cephalosporin, against experimental infections in mice was examined. Cefozopran was more effective than cefpiramide and was as effective as ceftazidime and cefpirome against acute respiratory tract infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae DT-S. In the model of chronic respiratory tract infection caused by K. pneumoniae 27, cefozopran was as effective as ceftazidime. The therapeutic effect of cefozopran against urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa P9 was superior to that of cefpirome and was equal to those of ceftazidime and cefclidin. In addition, cefozopran was more effective than ceftazidime and was as effective as flomoxef in a thigh muscle infection caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus 308A-1. Against thigh muscle infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus N133, cefozopran was the most effective agent. The potent therapeutic effect of cefozopran in those experimental infections in mice suggests that it would be effective against respiratory tract, urinary tract, and soft tissue infections caused by a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in humans.
A low-cost, high-performance, soft tri-axis tactile sensor based on eddy-current effect

Tactile sensors are essential for robotic systems to interact safely and effectively with the external world. In particular, tri-axis tactile sensors are crucial for dexterous robotic manipulations by providing shear force for slip and contact angle detection. In this paper, we present a soft tri-axis tactile sensors using flexible coils and conductive films based on eddy-current effect. Prototypes were developed, calibrated and evaluated, which achieved a force measurement resolution of 0.3 mN in each axis, with a bandwidth up to 1 kHz. The presented sensor is low-cost, robust, durable, and easily customizable for a variety of robotic and healthcare applications.
Article in press-uncorrected proof Review New biomarkers for acute renal injury

Incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasing rapidly to epidemic proportions. Development of AKI, especially in intensive care settings, is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and hospitalization costs. Currently available diagnostic tools are mostly insensitive for early diagnosis, however prompt diagnosis and risk stratification are necessary for guiding therapy and preventing progression of disease. Finding an early, reliable, suitable, easily reproducible, economical and accurate biomarker for AKI is a top research priority. In recent years, many urinary and serum proteins have been investigated as possible early markers of AKI and some of them have shown great promise. This topic reviews some of the emerging biomarkers of AKI.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in liver cirrhosis. A prospective study.

From January 1984 to December 1991 we carried out a prospective surveillance of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 200 cirrhotic patients, monitored from the first histologic diagnosis of cirrhosis. Real-time ultrasonography (US) and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) assays were performed every 3-6 months. During this period we detected HCC in 38 patients. The overall cumulative incidence of HCC in the 8 years was 41%, with a yearly incidence of 5.1%. Eighteen of 38 patients (48%) had a tumor < 5 cm in diameter. AFP reached diagnostic levels (> 500 ng/ml) in eight cases only (21%). Patients with initial AFP values > 20 ng/ml developed HCC more frequently than patients with values < or = 20 ng/ml; the percentage of HCC was statistically higher (p < 0.01) in patients in Child's B and C than in Child's A class. A periodic follow-up, using US and AFP, is suggested for the early diagnosis of HCC in cirrhotic patients.
INEQUALITY AND MARKETS: Some Implications of Occupational Diversity

This paper studies income distribution in an economy with borrowing constraints. Parents leave both financial and educational bequests; these determine the occupational choices of children. Occupational returns are determined by market conditions. If the span of occupational investments is large, long-run wealth distributions display persistent inequality. With a "rich" set of occupations, so that training costs form an interval, the distribution is unique and the average return to education must rise with educational investment. This finding contrasts with the usual presumption of diminishing returns to human capital. It is the central testable proposition of this paper. (JEL D14, D31, J24)
Continental and marine sources of organic matter and nitrogen for rías of northern Galicia (Spain)

Sources of organic matter and nitrogen to the rias of Ortigueira, O Barqueiro and Viveiro (Galicia, N Spain) were traced using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Samples of water, seston, benthic organisms and sediments were collected in summer 2007 and 2008. Instan- taneous sources were inferred from the concentrations and isotopic composition of seston, while averaged sources over longer time scales (months) were inferred from stable isotopes in macro- phytes (Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus) and mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Dissolved nitrate, nitrite and ammonium concentrations in surface water were low in the estuarine zone and generally increased towards the river and the open sea in all rias. Nitrite and ammonium values were generally low, suggesting low importance of in situ nitrification and denitrification processes. The concentrations of ammonium, chlorophyll, and heavy nitrogen isotopes in seston were higher only in the main river of Viveiro, suggesting local pollution. Isotopic signatures and high nitrogen concentrations in seston discharged from the wastewater treatment plants indicated incomplete removal of nitrogen. However, taking into account water discharge fluxes and the iso- topic composition of all compartments analysed, all rias shared similar biogeochemical and trophic diversity and showed a low impact of anthropogenic sources at both short and long time scales. Dominance of marine waters, low river flow, and small urban population sizes in the water- shed all contribute to the maintenance of the relatively pristine status of northern Galician rias.
The Evolution of Cooperative Norms: Evidence from a Field Experiment∗

We document the establishment and evolution of a cooperative norm among workers using evidence from a field experiment in a leading UK farm. In our setting, the rationale for cooperation arises because workers are paid according to a relative incentive scheme under which increasing individual effort raises a worker’s own pay but imposes a negative externality on the pay of all co-workers. The welfare of the group is then maximized when workers fully internalize this negative externality and cooperate to exert the minimum feasible level of effort. As a counterfactual, we analyze worker productivity in the same farm at another point in time when workers are paid piece rates and thus have no incentive to cooperate. We find that workers cooperate more, namely become less productive, as their exposure to the relative incentive scheme increases. We also find that individual and group exposure are substitutes, namely workers who work alongside colleagues with higher exposure cooperate more. Shocks to the workforce in the form of new worker arrivals disrupt cooperation in the short term but are then quickly integrated into the norm. Finally, individual exposure, group exposure, and the arrival of new workers have no effect on productivity during the counterfactual period when there is no incentive to cooperate.
Mothers with alcoholic liver disease and the risk for preterm and small-for-gestational-age birth.

AIMS To study pregnancy outcome in women with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). METHODS Using the Swedish nation-wide Patient and Medical Birth Registers, we investigated risk of adverse pregnancy outcome in 720 women diagnosed with ALD before and 1720 diagnosed after birth and compared them with 24 460 population-based control births. RESULTS Women with ALD diagnosed before or after birth were generally of higher age and body mass index, more likely to smoke cigarettes during pregnancy and to have a low socio-economic status compared with controls. Women diagnosed with ALD before birth had an increased risk of moderately and very preterm birth, adjusted odd ratio (OR) = 1.53 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37-1.72 and 1.15-2.06 95%), respectively. Infants of mothers with ALD before birth were more often small-for-gestational age, adjusted OR = 1.22 (95% CI: 1.05-1.43), and were at increased risk for low Apgar scores (<7) at 5 min, adjusted OR = 1.49 (95% CI: 1.15-1.92) compared with controls. Similar associations with slightly lower-risk estimates were found among women diagnosed with ALD after birth. CONCLUSIONS ALD is associated with adverse-birth outcomes, highlighting the importance of screening women for alcohol dependence in antenatal care.
Non‐viral risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the philippines: Results from a case‐control study

In a case‐control study of NPC conducted in the Philippines, 104 predominantly non‐Chinese (<10% ethnically Chinese) cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 205 hospital and community controls were recruited. Risk factor information was obtained through personal interview. The occupational history of each subject was reviewed “blind” by an industrial hygienist to determine estimates of exposure to formaldehyde, solvents, dusts, exhaust and pesticides. After control for confounding, subjects who were first exposed to formaldehyde 25 or more years prior to diagnosis/interview or who were first exposed before the age of 25 were found, in relation to those never exposed, to be at a 4.0‐fold excess risk of disease. Similarly, those first exposed to dust and/or exhaust 35 or more years prior to diagnosis/ interview were at a 4.4‐fold excess risk of disease and those first exposed before the age of 20 were at a 3.5‐fold excess risk of disease. Salted fish consumption was not associated with risk, while consumption of processed meats protected against NPC. Smoking was positively associated with NPC, but only when cases were compared to community controls. Relative to non‐smokers, subjects reporting more than 30 years of smoking were at an adjusted 7.2‐fold excess risk of disease. Herbal medicine use and burning of anti‐mosquito coils were both independently associated with risk of NPC, with ever‐users of herbal medicines being at a 2.5‐fold excess risk of disease and those reporting daily use of anti‐mosquito coils being at a 5.9‐fold excess risk of disease relative to never users. Exposure to solvents, pesticides, or use of betel nuts were not associated with NPC risk.
Clinical Implications of Anatomical Wear Characteristics in Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis and Primary Osteoarthritis

Background: This study compares the wear characteristics in slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) with those of primary osteoarthritis (OA) in adult patients with advanced arthritis. Methods: One hundred femoral heads and proximal neck specimens were studied from SCFE patients (16 hips) and from primary OA (84 hips) patients undergoing total hip arthroplasties (THA). Grade 4 chondromalacia was plotted on a 2-dimensional (2-D) paper grid. Computer tomographic scans were used to create 3-D models of the femoral head and neck to trace the wear patterns. Results: The SCFE group was characterized by (1) loss of neck-head offset, (2) acetabular neck impingement, and (3) loss of superior peripheral articular cartilage adjacent to superior neck. Whereas the primary OA group showed (1) preservation of head-neck offset, (2) absence of acetabular neck impingement, and (3) preservation of superior peripheral articular cartilage. The 3-D modeling in SCFE specimens demonstrated acetabular impingement on the superior lateral femoral neck causing the femur to externally rotate with flexion. The SCFE patients undergoing THA on average were 11 years younger than those with primary OA. The study strongly suggests that the abnormal rotation of the femoral head in SCFE patients causes thinner superior lateral articular cartilage on the femoral head to articulate with the acetabulum. The pistol-grip deformity of the proximal femur in the SCFE group results in hip impingement, which explains why hip flexion and internal rotation can be restricted. Conclusions: There was a premature development of advanced OA of the adult hip joint in SCFE patients. This was associated with hip impingement caused by loss of the head-neck offset and reorientation of the articular cartilage of the femoral head. Unless the femoral head is redirected in patients with SCFE, the benefits of limited hip preservation debridement procedures are not expected to delay the onset and progression of arthritis. Level of Evidence: Prognostic study