Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF MITOMYCIN ACTION: LINKING OF COMPLEMENTARY DNA STRANDS.

and by The bacterial strains used included Escherichia coli strain B, Sarcina lutea strain ATCC-272, and the following Bacillus subtilis mutant lines:'0' " wild-type, the indole-requiring, the linked indole- and histidine-deficient (I-, H-), and a prototrophic derivative of the indole-requiring strain 168, the latter bear- ing in addition a marker (mac-rl) conferring resistance to the macrolide group of antibiotics. Bacteria which were growing exponentially in Difcoos antibiotic medium 3 (Penassay broth) were exposed to MC under the conditions specified, and their survival determined by plating on nutrient agar. To terminate MC exposure the cells were chilled, washed twice with cold SSC (0.15 M NaCl + 0.015 M Na3 * citrate), and frozen with 100 jg lysozyme/ml. The procedures used for the isolation of protein- and RNA-free DNA and for the determination of its buoyant density and transforming activity were outlined earlier. " Thermal transition ("melting") curves were ob- tained with a recording thermospectrophotometer. '2 Thermal denaturation was carried out by exposing the DNA in 0.015 M NaCl + 0.0015 M trisodium citrate at pH 7.7 (DSC) to 100'C (or other specified temperatures) for 6 min followed by rapid cooling in an ice bath. "
DEEP NuSTAR AND SWIFT MONITORING OBSERVATIONS OF THE MAGNETAR 1E 1841−045

We report on a 350 ks NuSTAR observation of the magnetar 1E 1841–045 taken in 2013 September. During the observation, NuSTAR detected six bursts of short duration, with T90 ≲ 1 s. An elevated level of emission tail is detected after the brightest burst, persisting for ∼1 ks. The emission showed a power-law decay with a temporal index of 0.5 before returning to the persistent emission level. The long observation also provided detailed phase-resolved spectra of the persistent X-ray emission of the source. By comparing the persistent spectrum with that previously reported, we find that the source hard-band emission has been stable for over approximately 10 yr. The persistent hard-X-ray emission is well fitted by a coronal outflow model, where e± pairs in the magnetosphere upscatter thermal X-rays. Our fit of phase-resolved spectra allowed us to estimate the angle between the rotational and magnetic dipole axes of the magnetar, &agr; mag = 0.25 ? > , the twisted magnetic flux, 2.5 × 1026 G cm2, and the power released in the twisted magnetosphere, L j ? > = 6 × 1036 erg s−1. Assuming this model for the hard-X-ray spectrum, the soft-X-ray component is well fit by a two-blackbody model, with the hotter blackbody consistent with the footprint of the twisted magnetic field lines on the star. We also report on the 3 yr Swift monitoring observations obtained since 2011 July. The soft-X-ray spectrum remained stable during this period, and the timing behavior was noisy, with large timing residuals.
Grammatical morphology in children learning English as a second language: implications of similarities with specific language impairment.

PURPOSE This study was conducted to examine whether the expressive language characteristics of typically developing (TD) children learning English as a second language (ESL) have similarities to the characteristics of the English that is spoken by monolingual children with specific language impairment (SLI), and whether this could result in the erroneous assessment of TD English-language learners (ELLs) as language impaired. METHOD Twenty-four TD language-minority children who had been learning ESL for an average of 9.5 months participated in the study. The children's accuracy and error types in production of the following grammatical morphemes were examined in spontaneous and elicited speech: third person singular [-s], past tense [-ed], irregular past tense, BE as a copula and auxiliary verb, DO as an auxiliary verb, progressive [-ing], prepositions in and on, plural [-s], and determiners a and the. The elicitation probes were part of a recently developed standardized test for identifying language impairment, the Test of Early Grammatical Impairment (TEGI; M. Rice & K. Wexler, 2001). RESULTS The ELLs' accuracy rates and error patterns with the grammatical morphemes were similar to those that have been reported for same-age monolingual children with SLI, in both spontaneous and elicited speech. In addition, the ELL's elicitation probe scores were compared to the criterion scores and group means from the sample of monolingual children used to develop the TEGI and their performance on the TEGI was in the range of the clinical population even though there is no reason to suspect that any of these children is language impaired. Both analyses point to the possibility that TD ELLs could be mistaken as language impaired. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The results provide information that can be used to set appropriate expectations of error patterns and rate of grammatical development in the early stages of ESL learning. The results also emphasize how the use of English standardized tests with nonnative English-speakers is not a good practice, and suggestions are given for points to consider when assessing ELLs.
SERIAL NECK ULTRASOUND IS MORE LIKELY TO IDENTIFY FALSE-POSITIVE ABNORMALITIES THAN CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT DISEASE IN LOW-RISK PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER PATIENTS.

OBJECTIVE American Thyroid Association (ATA) low-risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients without structural evidence of disease on initial posttreatment evaluation have a low risk of recurrence. Despite this, most patients undergo frequent surveillance neck ultrasound (US). The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical utility of routine neck US in ATA low-risk PTC patients with no structural evidence of disease after their initial thyroid surgery. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 171 ATA low-risk PTC patients after total thyroidectomy, with or without radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation, who had a neck US without suspicious findings after therapy. The main outcome measure was a comparison of the frequency of finding false-positive US abnormalities and the frequency of identifying structural disease recurrence. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 8 years, 171 patients underwent a median of 5 neck US (range 2-17). Structural recurrence with low-volume disease (≤1 cm) was identified in 1.2% (2/171) of patients at a median of 2.8 years (range 1.6-4.1 years) after their initial diagnosis. Recurrence was associated with rising serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level in 1 of the 2 patients and was detected without signs of biochemical recurrence in the other patient. Conversely, false-positive US abnormalities were identified in 67% (114/171) of patients after therapy, leading to additional testing without identifying clinically significant disease. CONCLUSION In ATA low-risk patients without structural evidence of disease on initial surveillance evaluation, routine screening US is substantially more likely to identify false-positive results than clinically significant structural disease recurrence.
Towards global analysis of mammalian proteomes using sample prefractionation prior to narrow pH range two‐dimensional gels and using one‐dimensional gels for insoluble and large proteins

The number of unique protein species in proteomes from a single mammalian cell type is not well defined but is likely to be at least 10 000–20 000. Since standard‐size two‐dimensional gels typically resolve only about 1500 to 3000 spots, they merely analyze a small portion of these proteomes. In addition, all insoluble proteins and typically proteins >100 kDa are seldom resolved on two‐dimensional (2‐D) gels. The current study demonstrates the feasibility of an overall strategy for more comprehensive quantitative comparisons of complex proteomes derived from physiological fluids or mammalian cell extracts. A key feature of this approach is to prefractionate samples into a few well‐resolved fractions based on the proteins' isoelectric points (pIs) using microscale solution isoelectric focusing. These fractions are then separated on narrow pH range two‐dimensional gels approximately ±0.1 pH unit wider than the prefractionated pool. When this prefractionation approach is applied to complex mammalian proteomes, it improves resolution and spot recovery at high protein loads compared with use of parallel narrow pH range gels without prefractionation. The minimal cross‐contamination between fractions allows quantitative comparisons in contrast to most alternative prefractionation methods. In addition, complementary data can be obtained by parallel analysis of the solubilized fraction on high‐resolution large‐pore‐gradient one‐dimensional gels followed by mass spectrometric identification to analyze proteins between 100 and ∼500 kDa. Similarly, insoluble proteins can be analyzed using large‐pore gels for large proteins and 10–12% one‐dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gels for smaller proteins. Together, these strategies should permit more reliable quantitative comparisons of complex mammalian proteomes where detection of at least 10 000 protein spots is needed in order to analyze the majority of the unique protein species.
Executive functions in Parkinson's disease: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

Impairment of executive function (EF) is commonly reported as a feature of PD. However, the exact pattern of executive impairment remains unclear. Also, there is an ongoing discussion surrounding the definition and conceptualization of EF, which might affect the clarity of research evidence on cognition in PD. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the pattern of executive impairment in early‐stage PD emerging from the research literature and to identify critical issues for improving consistency in this field. The PsychInfo, MEDLINE, Science Direct, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases were searched using the term “Parkinson's disease” combined with each of 14 cognitive abilities defined as representing aspects of EF. The review was limited to studies that investigated EF as the central variable in early‐stage, nondemented PD patients. The review identified 33 studies of EF that were operationalized in terms of 30 abilities tested by 60 measures and variously interpreted. Many measures were used only once, so only a small part of the available research evidence could be synthesized in the meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis was undertaken using data from five commonly used tests of EF drawn from 18 studies. This revealed consistent evidence for cognitive difficulties across all five EF tests. Research on EF in PD is characterized by a considerable lack of clarity with regard to measure selection and interpretation. The findings support the view that EF impairments are evident in PD. However, the clinical significance of the cognitive abnormalities reported has yet to be clarified. 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Study of istradefylline in patients with Parkinson's disease on levodopa with motor fluctuations

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of istradefylline 20 mg once daily versus placebo as an adjunct to levodopa in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) who have motor fluctuations. Istradefylline (KW‐6002) is an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist that in primate models of PD improves motor function without causing or worsening dyskinesia. This 12‐week, multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized, Phase 3 study of istradefylline was conducted in subjects experiencing an average daily OFF time of at least 3 hours (116 randomized to istradefylline; 115 to placebo). All were on stable levodopa regimens; 90% were also on stable regimens of other anti‐Parkinson's medications. Istradefylline‐treated subjects had significant placebo‐corrected reductions in daily OFF time from baseline to endpoint: 4.6% (P = 0.03) and 0.7 hours (P = 0.03). For ON time with troublesome dyskinesia, the changes between istradefylline and placebo were not significant. Istradefylline was well tolerated, with 6 (5.2%) istradefylline‐treated and 7 (6.1%) placebo‐treated subjects withdrawing from the study because of adverse events. Dyskinesia, lightheadedness, tremor, constipation, and weight decrease were reported more often with istradefylline than placebo. We conclude that istradefylline is well tolerated and significantly reduces OFF time as an adjunct to levodopa in PD subjects with motor fluctuations. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Regulation of osteoclast structure and function by FAK family kinases

Osteoclasts are highly specialized cells that resorb bone and contribute to bone remodeling. Diseases such as osteoporosis and osteolytic bone metastasis occur when osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption takes place in the absence of concurrent bone synthesis. Considerable effort has been placed on identifying molecules that regulate the bone resorption activity of osteoclasts. To this end, we investigated unique and overlapping functions of members of the FAK family (FAK and Pyk2) in osteoclast functions. With the use of a conditional knockout mouse model, in which FAK is selectively targeted for deletion in osteoclast precursors (FAKΔmyeloid), we found that loss of FAK resulted in reduced bone resorption by osteoclasts in vitro, coincident with impaired signaling through the CSF‐1R. However, bone architecture appeared normal in FAKΔmyeloid mice, suggesting that Pyk2 might functionally compensate for reduced FAK levels in vivo. This was supported by data showing that podosome adhesion structures, which are essential for bone degradation, were significantly more impaired in osteoclasts when FAK and Pyk2 were reduced than when either molecule was depleted individually. We conclude that FAK contributes to cytokine signaling and bone resorption in osteoclasts and partially compensates for the absence of Pyk2 to maintain proper adhesion structures in these cells.
[Meta analysis of the association between the expression of microRNA-155 and the outcome of patients with lung cancer].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between the expression of microRNA-155 (miRNA-155) and the outcome of patients with lung cancer systemically. METHODS 7 case-control studies about the expression of microRNA-155 that were based on our inclusion criterion and available in the literature were reviewed from CBM disc, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang data SCIRUS, ASCO and ESMO. Meta-analysis was carried out by Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS Seven studies were included into the researches and there were no biased among the studies. After deleting the significant heterogeneity study, it showed significant association between the high expression of microRNA-155 and the outcome of patients with non-small cell lung cancer with the merged HR was 1.48 with 95% CI 1.07-2.06. CONCLUSION The current paper on Meta-analysis demonstrated a correlation between the high expression of miRNA-155 and the outcome of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Desarrollo de un inventario para evaluar el abuso psicológico en las relaciones de pareja

El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un inventario breve para evaluar el abuso psicologico en el contexto de las relaciones de pareja (IAPRP). Participaron dos muestras de mujeres: 1.042 mujeres procedentes de la comunidad y 117 mujeres atendidas en servicios para victimas de violencia domestica. Estas contestaron el IAPRP junto al CTS2 y medidas de ansiedad y depresion. Los resultados apoyaron una estructura unidimensional para el IAPRP con una buena consistencia interna. Las mujeres de la muestra de victimas obtuvieron puntuaciones mas altas en todos los indicadores de abuso psicologico (frecuencia total anual, prevalencia y cronicidad) que las de la comunidad. Las puntuaciones del IAPRP correlacionaron consistentemente con las escalas del CTS2 y con los sintomas de ansiedad y depresion
Proteomic Analysis of Zebrafish Caudal Fin Regeneration*

The epimorphic regeneration of zebrafish caudal fin is rapid and complete. We have analyzed the biomechanism of zebrafish caudal fin regeneration at various time points based on differential proteomics approaches. The spectrum of proteome changes caused by regeneration were analyzed among controls (0 h) and 1, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postamputation involving quantitative differential proteomics analysis based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and differential in-gel electrophoresis Orbitrap analysis. A total of 96 proteins were found differentially regulated between the control nonregenerating and regenerating tissues of different time points for having at least 1.5-fold changes. 90 proteins were identified as differentially regulated for regeneration based on differential in-gel electrophoresis analysis between the control and regenerating tissues. 35 proteins were characterized for its expression in all of the five regenerating time points against the control samples. The proteins identified and associated with regeneration were found to be directly allied with various molecular, biological, and cellular functions. Based on network pathway analysis, the identified proteome data set for regeneration was majorly associated in maintaining cellular structure and architecture. Also the proteins were found associated for the cytoskeleton remodeling pathway and cellular immune defense mechanism. The major proteins that were found differentially regulated during zebrafish caudal fin regeneration includes keratin and its 10 isoforms, cofilin 2, annexin a1, skeletal α1 actin, and structural proteins. Annexin A1 was found to be exclusively undergoing phosphorylation during regeneration. The obtained differential proteome and the direct association of the various proteins might lead to a new understanding of the regeneration mechanism.
Single subject research methodology in behavioral sciences

1. Applied Research in Education and Behavioral Science, David L. Gast 2. Scientific Research in Educational and Clinical Settings, David L. Gast and James W. Tawney 3. Ethical Principles and Practices, Linda Mechling and David L. Gast 4. Writing Tasks: Literature Reviews, Research Proposals, and Finals Reports, Mark Wolery and Kathleen Lynne Lane 5. General Factors in Measurement and Evaluation, David L. Gast 6. Replication, David L. Gast 7. Dependent Measures and Measurement Procedures, Kevin Ayres and David L. Gast 8. Visual Representation of Data, Amy D. Spriggs and David L. Gast 9. Visual Analysis of Graphic Data, David L. Gast and Amy D. Spriggs 10. Withdrawal and Reversal Designs, David L. Gast and Diana Hammond 11. Multiple Baseline and Multiple Probe Designs, David L. Gast and Jennifer Ledford 12. Comparative Intervention Designs, Mark Wolery, David L. Gast, and Diana Hammond 13. Variations of Multiple Baseline Designs and Combination Designs, David L. Gast and Jennifer Ledford 14. Statistics and Single Subject Research Methodology, Jonathan M. Campbell and Caitlin V. Herzinger
Survey of urological laparoscopic practice patterns in the midwest.

PURPOSE Laparoscopic surgery is assuming a greater role in the management of many urological disorders. We performed a survey of urologists in the Midwest United States to define laparoscopic practice patterns regarding urological disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Surveys were mailed to 1,450 members of the North Central Section of the American Urological Association. Questions pertained to age, practice demographics, residency training and amount of laparoscopy performed. RESULTS A response rate of 33% was obtained. A total of 49% of urologists perform no laparoscopy, 30% devote less than 5% of their practice and 21% devote 5% or more of their practice to laparoscopy. Of the responders 15% believed they were adequately trained during residency to perform laparoscopy. Among those who performed hand assisted laparoscopy (HAL), 52% used it to gain familiarity with laparoscopic techniques. There was an inverse correlation between time in practice and amount of laparoscopy performed (p <0.0001). Urologists in academia perform laparoscopy at a greater proportion versus those in private practice (p <0.01). Urologists who incorporated laparoscopy during fellowship performed the most laparoscopy (p = 0.003). Those who considered themselves adequately trained during residency were more likely to perform laparoscopy (p <0.0001). Urologists who perform HAL devote more of their operating time to laparoscopy than those who do not (p <0.0001). The number of laparoscopic cases performed correlated with decreased time in practice (p <0.0001), academic setting (p = 0.001) and use of HAL (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Urological laparoscopic surgery remains at an early stage of development in the Midwestern United States. Although HAL has widened the scope of laparoscopy among urologists, increased training for urologists and residents is necessary.
The Drosophila STUbL protein Degringolade limits HES functions during embryogenesis

Degringolade (Dgrn) encodes a Drosophila SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL) protein similar to that of mammalian RNF4. Dgrn facilitates the ubiquitylation of the HES protein Hairy, which disrupts the repressive activity of Hairy by inhibiting the recruitment of its cofactor Groucho. We show that Hey and all HES family members, except Her, interact with Dgrn and are substrates for its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Dgrn displays dynamic subcellular localization, accumulates in the nucleus at times when HES family members are active and limits Hey and HES family activity during sex determination, segmentation and neurogenesis. We show that Dgrn interacts with the Notch signaling pathway by it antagonizing the activity of E(spl)-C proteins. dgrn null mutants are female sterile, producing embryos that arrest development after two or three nuclear divisions. These mutant embryos exhibit fragmented or decondensed nuclei and accumulate higher levels of SUMO-conjugated proteins, suggesting a role for Dgrn in genome stability.
Insulin‐like growth factor I receptor is required for the mitogenic and transforming activities of the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor

R− cells are 3T3‐like cells derived from mouse embryos in which the insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) receptor (IGF‐IR) genes have been disrupted by targeted homologous recombination. These cells cannot grow in serum‐free medium supplemented by the growth factors that sustain the growth of other 3T3 cell lines, and cannot be transformed by oncogenes that easily transform wild type mouse embryo cells. We have used these cells to study the role of the IGF‐IR in the growth and transformation of cells overexpressing the platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐b̃b̃ receptor. We report that an overexpressed PDGF‐b̃b̃ receptor fails to induce mitogenesis or transformation in cells lacking the IGF‐IR, while capable of doing so in cells expressing the IGF‐IR. We conclude that the ability of the activated PDGF‐b̃b̃ receptor to stimulate cell proliferation and transformation requires a funcitional IGF‐IR. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BRCA mutations in women with inflammatory breast cancer

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) often affects women at a relatively young age. To the authors' knowledge, the rate of BRCA variants among patients with IBC is not known. To determine the association between BRCA status and IBC, the authors evaluated its rate and compared the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with IBC with those of patients with other breast cancers (non‐IBC).