Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does the Inclusion Criterion of Women’s Aggression as Opposed to Their Victimization Result in Samples That Differ on Key Dimensions of Intimate Partner Violence?

This study is among the first attempts to address a frequently articulated, yet unsubstantiated claim that sample inclusion criteria based on women’s physical aggression or victimization will yield different distributions of severity and type of partner violence and injury. Independent samples of African American women participated in separate studies based on either inclusion criterion of women’s physical aggression or victimization. Between-groups comparisons showed that samples did not differ in physical, sexual, or psychological aggression; physical, sexual, or psychological victimization; inflicted or sustained injury. Therefore, inclusion criterion based on physical aggression or victimization did not yield unique samples of “aggressors” and “victims. ”
Systemic control of legume susceptibility to rhizobial infection by a mobile microRNA

Keeping the doors open for symbiosis Nitrogen fixation by legumes results from a symbiotic partnership between plant and microbes. These together elaborate nodules on the plant roots that house the bacteria. Tsikou et al. identified a microRNA made in the aboveground shoots of Lotus japonicus that translocates to the plant's roots. In the roots, the microRNA posttranscriptionally regulates a key suppressor of symbiosis, thus keeping the uninfected root susceptible to productive infection by symbiotic bacteria. Science, this issue p. 233 A microRNA made in the shoot regulates microbial nodulation in Lotus roots. Nitrogen-fixing root nodules on legumes result from two developmental processes, bacterial infection and nodule organogenesis. To balance symbiosis and plant growth, legume hosts restrict nodule numbers through an inducible autoregulatory process. Here, we present a mechanism where repression of a negative regulator ensures symbiotic susceptibility of uninfected roots of the host Lotus japonicus. We show that microRNA miR2111 undergoes shoot-to-root translocation to control rhizobial infection through posttranscriptional regulation of the symbiosis suppressor TOO MUCH LOVE in roots. miR2111 maintains a susceptible default status in uninfected hosts and functions as an activator of symbiosis downstream of LOTUS HISTIDINE KINASE1–mediated cytokinin perception in roots and HYPERNODULATION ABERRANT ROOT FORMATION1, a shoot factor in autoregulation. The miR2111-TML node ensures activation of feedback regulation to balance infection and nodulation events.
The α2-macroglobulin gene in AD

Background: Whereas several authors recently reported a positive association between the α2-macroglobulin gene (A2M) and late-onset AD (LOAD), others were unable to replicate these findings. Early-onset AD (EOAD) is defined as onset age <65 years. Virtually all patients with LOAD are >65 years of age. Objective: To evaluate the role of A2M in AD, the authors conducted a population-based study of EOAD and LOAD as well as a meta-analysis of all studies conducted to date. Methods: Patients with EOAD (n = 100) were derived from a population-based study in four northern provinces of the Netherlands and the area of metropolitan Rotterdam. Patients with LOAD (n = 344) were drawn from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based prospective study on residents aged 55 years and over of a Rotterdam suburb in the Netherlands. Two polymorphisms were studied, A2M-I/D and A2M-Ile1000Val, in relation to the APOE ε4 allele (APOE*4). Results: No genotypic or allelic association was found for either polymorphism in the population-based series of patients with LOAD. In patients with EOAD without APOE*4, a significant increase of carriers of A2M-1000Val was found. The meta-analysis of available published case–control data on these polymorphisms in white and mixed ethnic populations yielded no significant differences between cases and controls. Pooling the Asian studies conducted to date showed a significant decrease in the frequency of A2M-D among patients. Conclusions: These results suggest that A2M is not genetically associated with LOAD in white patients or mixed populations as found in the United States. In these populations A2M does not have clinical relevance. From a scientific perspective, the findings on EOAD and Asian patients require replication and further research in the A2M region.
Birth Control Sabotage and Forced Sex: Experiences Reported by Women in Domestic Violence Shelters

Women who experience intimate partner violence often experience birth control sabotage, forced sex, and partner’s unwillingness to use condoms. We interviewed 53 women at four domestic violence shelters. Participants reported that their abusive partners frequently refused to use condoms, impeded them from accessing health care, and subjected them to birth control sabotage, infidelity, and forced sex. However, women also reported strategies to counteract these actions, particularly against birth control sabotage and attempts to force them to abort or continue a pregnancy. Domestic violence counselors can focus on these successful strategies to validate coping skills and build self-esteem.
High thermal conductivity in cubic boron arsenide crystals

Moving the heat aside with BAs Thermal management becomes increasingly important as we decrease device size and increase computing power. Engineering materials with high thermal conductivity, such as boron arsenide (BAs), is hard because it is essential to avoid defects and impurities during synthesis, which would stop heat flow. Three different research groups have synthesized BAs with a thermal conductivity around 1000 watts per meter-kelvin: Kang et al., Li et al., and Tian et al. succeeded in synthesizing high-purity BAs with conductivities half that of diamond but more than double that of conventional metals (see the Perspective by Dames). The advance validates the search for high-thermal-conductivity materials and provides a new material that may be more easily integrated into semiconducting devices. Science, this issue p. 575, p. 579, p. 582; see also p. 549 Boron arsenide has an ultrahigh thermal conductivity, making it competitive with diamond for thermal management applications. The high density of heat generated in power electronics and optoelectronic devices is a critical bottleneck in their application. New materials with high thermal conductivity are needed to effectively dissipate heat and thereby enable enhanced performance of power controls, solid-state lighting, communication, and security systems. We report the experimental discovery of high thermal conductivity at room temperature in cubic boron arsenide (BAs) grown through a modified chemical vapor transport technique. The thermal conductivity of BAs, 1000 ± 90 watts per meter per kelvin meter-kelvin, is higher than that of silicon carbide by a factor of 3 and is surpassed only by diamond and the basal-plane value of graphite. This work shows that BAs represents a class of ultrahigh–thermal conductivity materials predicted by a recent theory, and that it may constitute a useful thermal management material for high–power density electronic devices.
BRUCELLOSIS SPONDYLITIS: TREATMENT BY PHYSICALLY INDUCED HYPERPYREXIA

Spondylitis is probably the most common complicating disorder of the bones and joints referable to undulant fever. The first proved instance of an actual suppurative lesion in the spinal column from which brucella organisms were cultured was reported in 1932 by Kulowski and Vinke.1Six more cases of brucellosis spondylitis have been reported in the English literature.2In the foreign literature, however, there are numerous reports of brucellosis infections of the spinal column. Piero Palagi3in 1934 gathered 29 cases of brucellosis spondylitis from the literature and added 17 cases of his own. Most authors agree that spondylitis as a complication of undulant fever is most likely to occur several months after the onset of the febrile state; but cases of brucellosis have been reported in which localization in the spinal column developed as early as three weeks and as late as one year after the original
The Criminal Justice System’s Response to Sexual Violence

The legal reforms of the 1960s and 1970s notwithstanding, sexual assault is a crime characterized by underreporting and case attrition. In this article, the authors synthesize research examining the criminal justice system’s response to sexual assault. The authors begin by examining research on the victim’s decision to report the crime to the police. This is followed by a discussion of the findings of sexual assault case processing research, with a focus on the criminal justice system’s response to aggravated and simple rape and to intimate partner sexual violence. The authors end the article with a discussion of questions that research has yet to adequately answer.
Reconstructing dietary and environmental history from enamel isotopic analysis: time resolution of intra‐tooth sequential sampling

The carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of the mineral phase of tooth enamel is linked to diet and environment. Enamel is not remodelled once formed. Several studies of intra-tooth isotopic variability in hypsodont mammal teeth have involved sequential sampling of enamel in order to detect changes in diet and environment during tooth formation. The possibility of exploring individual history opens the door to many applications, particularly in palaeoenvironment and herd management reconstruction. However, previous histological investigations have shown that enamel mineralization is a progressive and discontinuous process. The goal of the present study is to determine if this pattern significantly influences the time resolution of an intra-tooth sequential sampling. Isotopic analyses (δ13C) were performed on tooth enamel from steers (Bos taurus) that had changed from a C3 plant-based diet to a C4 plant-based diet with very different carbon isotopic compositions. The change of diet was reflected in the mineral phase of enamel. The pattern of intra-tooth isotopic variation suggests that completion of enamel mineralization required six to seven months. Such a lag in enamel mineralization will decrease the time resolution of enamel sequential sampling. The effects of prolonged mineralization of enamel have to be considered when interpreting patterns of intra-tooth isotopic variations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety Planning in Focus Groups of Malawian Women Living With HIV

In this critical ethnography, 72 HIV-infected women in Southern Malawi participated in 12 focus groups discussing the impact of HIV and violence. Our analysis, informed by a postcolonial feminist perspective, revealed women’s capacity to collectively engage in safety planning. We present our findings about women’s experiences based on narratives detailing how women collectively strategized safety planning efforts to mitigate the impact of violence. This study helps to fill a gap in the literature on the intersection between HIV and violence in women’s lives. Strategies discussed by the women could form a basis for safety planning interventions for women in similar circumstances.
Resisting Rape

The impact of victim resistance on rape completion and injury was examined utilizing a large probability sample of sexual assault incidents, derived from the National Crime Victimization Survey (1992-2002), and taking into account whether harm to the victim followed or preceded self-protection (SP) actions. Additional injuries besides rape, particularly serious injuries, following victim resistance are rare. Results indicate that most SP actions, both forceful and nonforceful, reduce the risk of rape completion, and do not significantly affect the risk of additional injury.
Providers’ Perspectives About Helpful Information for Evaluating Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Services

This practice note presents findings from a statewide survey of domestic violence and sexual assault agency directors (n = 80; 77% response rate), regarding their opinions about the outcome information that should be collected from victims during evaluations of five commonly provided services: legal advocacy, medical advocacy, group services, individual counseling, and shelter. The findings showed that four information types were repeatedly ranked among the most important to collect to understand whether services helped victims including victims’ satisfaction with services, victims’ progress toward meeting their goals, changes in the extent of violence and/or trauma that victims experienced, and changes in victims’ knowledge.
Influence of the phosphate balance on the activity distribution of 99mTc-Hydroxymethylene Diphosphonate

Objective: The purpose was to determine whether changes in the phosphate balance have an influence on the distribution of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals. Material and Methods: The biodistribution of 99mTc-HDP in mice, intravenously administered under varying conditions, was assessed by removing different organs and estimating their activity in a scintillation counter. Some experiments were also performed with 99mTc-MDP and 99mTc-DPD. Results: After 1 h and 18 h on phosphate-enriched drinking water, the mice showed a strongly increased uptake in all organs/tissues representing background activity and a decrease in the bone uptake. This pattern changed with time. After 6–8 days of phosphate load, we saw a more favourable distribution with a reduction of the background and whole-body activity. Administration of hPTH 1–34 gave rise to an activity distribution similar to that after 6–8 days on phosphate-enriched water. Changing the phosphate balance had less obvious effects on the distribution of 99mTc-MDP and 99mTc-DPD. Conclusion: The activity distribution of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals in the mouse is affected by the phosphate balance. The mechanism behind this finding is unknown but it may be partially mediated by PTH. It is possible that changes in the phosphate balance, induced by pharmaceuticals or by dietary changes, may affect the image quality at bone scintigraphy.
Rape Myths, Rape Scripts, and Common Rape Experiences of College Women

Rape is prevalent at colleges. Although research suggests commonalities across many college women’s rape experiences (e.g., perpetrators using multiple coercive strategies), vignettes used to assess rape perceptions often reflect false beliefs. Two studies varying a perpetrator’s coercive tactics examine rape perceptions using vignettes reflecting rape myths, rape scripts, or many college women’s common rape experiences. Participants perceive a woman who was raped more positively in vignettes reflecting common rape experiences versus those reflecting rape myths or scripts. Theoretical, educational, and research implications are discussed.
Next-of-Kin's Perspectives of End-of-Life Care

The purpose of this article was to describe the next-of-kin's perspective of the end-of-life (EOL) experiences associated with the death of a family member or close friend. The quality of EOL care from the next-of-kin's perspective given to their loved one needs further study in the context of a community setting focus. A secondary analysis of data from a survey of a random sample of dying experiences in the community setting included qualitative descriptive analysis of open-ended survey data and content analysis used to count the number of positive, negative, mixed, and not applicable responses. Qualitative content analysis of 186 next-of-kin responses revealed two themes: (1) communication and (2) family values and preferences including three subthemes of having a supportive environment to secure a peaceful death with dignity and respect, the desire to be present at the time of death, and attending to the needs and wishes of the dying individual and family. The need for palliative care services in institutionalized settings, continuity of provider care (physician and nurse), family presence, and support for caregiver and financial concerns with hospice services was identified. Communication remains an essential component in all aspects of EOL care with further examination involving the loved one's perspectives.
Attitudes Toward Domestic Violence and Corporal Punishment Among Former Soviet Union Immigrants in Israel

The study regards attitudes of Russian immigrants in Israel toward wife abuse and corporal punishment. The sample consisted of 1,028 participants, based on a multistage cluster sampling. The study used a questionnaire related to immigration, acculturation, and attitudinal issues. The findings indicate a dual-causal model, in which corporal punishment attitudes contribute to wife abuse attitudes and vice versa. However, the effect of attitudes supporting corporal punishment was stronger than the effect of wife abuse attitudes, indicating that the attitudinal system as a precursor of violent behavior is already merging the two types of violence.
Women's Psychological Adjustment Following Emergency Cesarean Versus Vaginal Delivery

The present study was designed to investigate possible differences in psychological adjustment and satisfaction between women delivering vaginally and those delivering by emergency cesarean section. Women's satisfaction with the birth experience was distinguished from postpartum psychological adjustment, as measured by depression, anxiety, and confidence in mothering ability. Twenty-two women who delivered vaginally and twenty-two women who delivered by emergency cesarean section were selected according to stringent criteria, to control for factors known to be associated with positive cesarean outcomes. Significant differences were found in level of satisfaction, with cesarean mothers reporting less satisfaction with the delivery than vaginal mothers. However, no differences were found between the groups on the three measures of psychological adjustment. Under optimal conditions, cesarean deliveries are not associated with adverse early postpartum psychological adjustment.
Saturated Nussbaum Function Based Approach for Robotic Systems With Unknown Actuator Dynamics

This paper presents a saturated Nussbaum function based approach for robotic systems with unknown actuator dynamics. To eliminate the effect of the control shock from the traditional Nussbaum function, a new type of the saturated Nussbaum function is developed with the idea of time-elongation. Moreover, by exploiting properties of the proposed Nussbaum function, a promising theorem is established to deal with unknown multiple actuator nonlinearities. In what follows, the proposed theorem is integrated with the adaptive control technique such that the stability analysis of the robotic system is completed. It thus guarantees that the state of the robotic system asymptotically converges to the desired trajectory. Finally, comparative studies are carried out to validate the effectiveness and the superiority of the proposed approach.
Mediated Effects of Coping on Mental Health Outcomes of African American Women Exposed to Physical and Psychological Abuse

Few studies have assessed the individual symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as separate mental health consequences of intimate partner abuse (IPA). This study examined the role of coping strategies associated with symptoms of PTSD in a community sample of African American women who have experienced abuse (N = 128). The results revealed that nonphysical abuse was more prevalent than physical abuse. Specific symptoms of PTSD expressed depended on the type of abuse experienced and the type of coping strategies utilized. The findings have multiple implications on how IPA is studied as well as its clinical screening and treatment processes.
Canine intervertebral disc disease: Changes in the cerebrospinal fluid

Data was obtained from 118 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from dogs with intervertebral disc disease. The effect of lesion location and the severity and duration of clinical signs was studied. Ninety-seven samples were obtained from the cerebellomedullary cistern and 21 from the lumbar cistern. Changes in CSF were identified in 84.7 per cent of the lumbar samples, compared with only 37.1 per cent of the cerebellomedullary samples. More pronounced pleocytosis and protein level increases were seen in dogs with acute and clinically severe lesions. The protein concentration was more commonly elevated than the total white blood cell count. These results indicate that marked protein and white blood cell count elevations can occur in association with intervertebral disc extrusion. Such findings, therefore, should not necessarily preclude myelographic examination in dogs presented for paralysis.
Social Disorganization, Drug Market Activity, and Neighborhood Violent Crime

Although illicit drug activity occurs within local communities, past quantitative research on drug markets and violent crime in the United States has been conducted mainly at the city level. The authors use neighborhood-level data from the city of Miami to test hypotheses regarding the effect of drug activity and traditional indicators of social disorganization on rates of aggravated assault and robbery. The results show that drug activity has robust effects on violent crime that are independent of other disorganization indicators. The authors also find that drug activity is concentrated in neighborhoods with low rates of immigration, less linguistic isolation and ethnic heterogeneity, and where nondrug accidental deaths are prevalent. The authors find no independent effect of neighborhood racial composition on drug activity or violent crime. The results suggest that future neighborhood-level research on social disorganization and violent crime should devote explicit attention to the disorganizing and violence-producing effects of illicit drug activity.
I-Ching Divination Evolutionary Algorithm and its Convergence Analysis

An innovative simulated evolutionary algorithm (EA), called I-Ching divination EA (IDEA), and its convergence analysis are proposed and investigated in this paper. Inherited from ancient Chinese culture, I-Ching divination has always been used as a divination system in traditional and modern China. There are three operators evolved from I-Ching transformations in this new optimization algorithm, intrication operator, turnover operator, and mutual operator. These new operators are very flexible in the evolution procedure. Additionally, two new spaces are defined in this paper, which are denoted as hexagram space and state space. In order to analyze the convergence property of I-Ching divination algorithm, Markov model was adopted to analyze the characters of the operators. Meanwhile, the proposed algorithm is proved to be a homogeneous Markov chain with the positive transition matrix. After giving some basic concepts of necessary theorems, definition of admissible functions and I-Ching map, a precise proof of the states converge to the global optimum is presented. Compared with the genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and differential evolution algorithm, our proposed IDEA is much faster in reaching the global optimum.