Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Religious Individuals: Evaluating Their Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations at the Implicit Level of Awareness

Explicit cognitions are those that occur with intention and conscious awareness; implicit cognitions occur without such intention and awareness. Whereas some investigations have demonstrated consistencies between beliefs maintained at these two levels of awareness, others have demonstrated inconsistencies. In the present research, participants performed a speeded-response task, a variation of the Implicit Association Test (A. G. Greenwald, D. E. McGhee, & J. L. K. Schwartz, 1998), to evaluate their implicit identification with intrinsic and extrinsic religious motivations. Also, participants completed a self-report measure to evaluate their corresponding tendencies toward explicit motivations. The results provided evidence for consistency between participants' implicit identification and their explicit identification with intrinsic and extrinsic religious motivations. The finding of this consistency has implications for the relationship between intrinsic religiousness and social-desirability effects.
Thyroid Status in Pre Eclampsia

Background: Many studies regarding thyroid profile alteration havebeen conducted in preclamsia. Settings & Design: A case-control study was conducted in the antenatal clinic of preeclampsia patients at obstetrics department. Method & Materials: Thyroid hormones, namely triiodothyronine (Free T3), thyroxine (Free T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were evaluated at the time of diagnosis of preeclampsia in 80 pregnant women ,40 cases and 40 control group each. Statistical Analysis: In the subjects serum concentrations of FT3, FT4 and TSH estimated using Immuno Enzymometric Assay The demographic data and hormone levels were analyzed using students' t test, and chisquare test. Pearson two-tailed analysis was used for correlation. Results: free t3,free t4 and Mean TSH levels were not significant in both group. Conclusions: free t3 ,free t4 and Mean serum TSH levels were not significantly altered in preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancy. Abnormal TSH titres might be supportive increased, higher side of normal range but it was not significant.
Young Children Prefer and Remember Satisfying Explanations

Research with preschool children has shown that explanations are important to them in that they actively seek explanations in their conversations with adults. But what sorts of explanations do they prefer, and what, if anything, do young children learn from the explanations they receive? Following a preliminary study with adults (N = 67) to establish materials for use with children, we addressed this question using a seminaturalistic methodology. Four- and 5-year-olds (N = 69) were dissatisfied when receiving nonexplanations to their explanatory questions, but they were satisfied when receiving explanations, and their satisfaction varied appropriately across several levels of explanatory information. Moreover, using recall as a measure of learning, whereas children typically failed to recall nonexplanations, their recall of explanatory information was consistently high and also varied appropriately across differing levels of information provided. These results confirm that children not only actively seek informative explanations in their everyday conversational interactions with adults, but they selectively retain the answers they receive.
Enlargement of perihepatic lymph nodes in relation to liver histology and viremia in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Inflammatory processes in organs frequently lead to hyperplasia of regional lymph nodes. In the present study, we investigated whether lymph node enlargement within the hepatoduodenal ligament may reflect the inflammatory activity within the liver of patients chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). In 114 patients with chronic hepatitis C and 49 healthy controls, the total lymph node volume within the hepatoduodenal ligament was prospectively investigated by ultrasound. In patients with chronic hepatitis C, a liver biopsy was taken at the same occasion, and specimens were semiquantitatively evaluated by the histological activity index (HAI). Hepatitis C viremia was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Genotyping was performed by a reverse hybridization assay. In 104 of 114 patients (91.2%) and in 45 of 49 healthy controls (91.8%), adequate visualization of the region of the hepatoduodenal ligament was achieved by ultrasound. Lymph nodes were detected in all patients with chronic hepatitis C and in 33 of 45 controls. The mean perihepatic lymph node volume in healthy controls (2.2 ± 1.8 mL) was lower than in HCV‐infected patients with mild to moderate inflammatory activity, severe inflammatory activity, and patients with cirrhosis (5.8 ± 2.2 mL, 18.1 ± 10.4 mL, and 22.8 ± 18.8 mL, respectively). In patients with HCV‐RNA levels of less than 106 copies/mL, the total lymph node volume was 5.8 ± 1.6 mL and was significantly increased in patients with higher viremia (20.3 ± 13.8 mL; P < 10 < −6). No correlation was found between the total lymph node volume within the hepatoduodenal ligament, HCV genotypes, and liver function test results. In conclusion, enlargement of perihepatic lymph nodes in patients with chronic hepatitis C is predictive for the presence of severe inflammatory activity. The mechanism of portal lymphadenopathy in patients with chronic hepatitis is unknown but appears to be related to viral replication within the liver and the immune‐mediated inflammatory response of the host.
Genetic Variation of Adenylation Domains of the Anabaenopeptin Synthesis Operon and Evolution of Substrate Promiscuity

ABSTRACT Anabaenopeptins (AP) are bioactive cyclic hexapeptides synthesized nonribosomally in cyanobacteria. APs are characterized by several conserved motifs, including the ureido bond, N-methylation in position 5, and d-Lys in position 2. All other positions of the AP molecule are variable, resulting in numerous structural variants. We have identified a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) operon from Planktothrix agardhii strain CYA126/8 consisting of five genes (apnA to apnE) encoding six NRPS modules and have confirmed its role in AP synthesis by the generation of a mutant via insertional inactivation of apnC. In order to correlate the genetic diversity among adenylation domains (A domains) with AP structure variation, we sequenced the A domains of all six NRPS modules from seven Planktothrix strains differing in the production of AP congeners. It is remarkable that single strains coproduce APs bearing either of the chemically divergent amino acids Arg and Tyr in exocyclic position 1. Since the A domain of the initiation module (the ApnA A1 domain) has been proposed to activate the amino acid incorporated into exocyclic position 1, we decided to analyze this domain both biochemically and phylogenetically. Only ApnA A1 enzymes from strains producing AP molecules containing Arg or Tyr in position 1 were found to activate these two chemically divergent amino acids in vitro. Phylogenetic analysis of apn A domain sequences revealed that strains with a promiscuous ApnA A1 domain are derived from an ancestor that activates only Arg. Surprisingly, positive selection appears to affect only three codons within the apnA A1 gene, suggesting that this remarkable promiscuity has evolved from point mutations only.
Life‐Style Factors and Female Infertility

We summarize the epidemiologic literature on the effect of life‐style factors such as cigarette smoking, alcohol and caffeine consumption, physical exercise, body mass index, and drug use on female infertility. We identified relevant papers through MEDLINE, Index Medicus, and a manual review of reference lists. Risk factors that affect the risk of primary tubal infertility and that were corroborated in two or more studies include use of intrauterine devices (especially the Dalkon Shield) and cigarette smoking. We identified extremes in body size as a risk factor for primary ovulatory infertility. Cocaine, marijuana and alcohol use, exercise, caffeine consumption, and ever‐use of thyroid medications were possible risk factors for various subtypes of primary infertility. Few risk factors have been assessed or identified for secondary infertility or other less common subtypes, such as cervical or endometriosis‐related infertility.
Calcium and magnesium in children with schizophrenia and major depression.

Les auteurs ont etudie la relation entre le calcium et le magnesium seriques, et les maladies mentales chez l'enfant. La calcemie etait abaissee, par rapport aux temoins, en cas de depression grave, et ne differait pas de la normale chez les enfants schizophrenes et ceux presentant des troubles de conduite. Le magnesium serique etait significativement plus bas chez les enfants deprimes et schizophrenes, alors que ceux presentant des troubles de la conduite avaient des valeurs normales
Prevalence, Economic Impact and Public Perception of Hydatid Cyst and Cysticercus bovis on Cattle Slaughtered at Adama Municipal Abattoir, South Eastern Ethiopia

A cross sectional and retrospective studies were conducted from January up to May 2013 to determine the prevalence, estimate direct financial loss and public perception of Cysticercosis and Hydatidosis at Adama Municipal Abattoir, Central Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. Out of 422 cattle examined at the abattoir, the overall prevalence of C. bovis and Hydatidosis were (19.7%) and (27.5%) respectively. The prevalence of both diseases vary significantly varies with the breed, origin and body condition of the animals (p<0.05). Anatomical distribution of Metacestode showed the highest proportion of C. bovis cysts were observed on tongue (37.4%), followed by heart (28.7%) whereas, the highest proportion of calcified Hydatid cyst was recorded on lung (59.7%) followed by liver (15.9%). There were also co-infection of hydatidosis with cysticercosis on organs like heart and kidney. Of the 192 cysts of C. bovis selected for viability tests, the higher proportion of viable cyst (49.3%) were observed on heart. Accordingly, of the total 1670 examined Hydatid cysts, 610 cysts were found to be fertile and further laboratory results of viability showed (9.16%) and (27.4%) motile and non-motile cysts respectively. The rest of 1060 cysts were unfertile of which sterile accounts (16.5%) and that of calcified were found to be (47.0%). From the 1198 Hydatid cysts tested for cyst size, 59.8% were small, 36.0% medium and 5.8 % were found to be large in size. Direct annual financial losses due to organ condemnation were estimated to be 34,927,200 ETB. Questionnaire survey also indicated 18% of respondents had contracted Taeniasis and this significantly varies with risk factors like sex, age, resident area and educational status of the people. On top of these, retrospective study for the year 2011 and 2012 revealed similar trend of the diseases in which from the total 27, 180 cattle were slaughtered, the prevalence of C. bovis and Hydatid cyst was (10.9 % and 46.3%) and (63.3 % and 38.1%) for the consecutive years respectively. The study revealed that continuous existence of Metacestode in the study area having huge public health and economic significance. Hence, implicating the need to alarm different stakeholders to look and improve methods to prevent and control the diseases.
The Effects of Asthma on Dental and Facial Deformities

Objective. The purpose of the study was to observe facial and teeth alterations in adult patients with asthma as opposed to a group who suffered from hypertension. Methods. All patients included in this cross-sectional observational study were interviewed to obtain clinical data. Patients also followed an orthodontic assessment using model-facial photographic and gypsum casts to diagnose malocclusion and dentofacial deformities. Asthmatic patients were divided in two groups according to asthma onset under or over 14 years of age. Results. A total of 61 asthmatics and 53 hypertensive patients were evaluated. Dental midline symmetry was significantly lower in asthmatics than in the hypertensive group (p = 0.006), whereas incompetent lip posture and open nasal lip angle were significantly more frequent in the asthmatic group than in the control group (p = 0.007 and 0.016, respectively). Asthmatics had more dental crossbite (p = 0.004), overbite (p = 0.01), overjet (p = 0.01), smaller inter bicuspids distance (p = 0.0009) and inter molar distance (p = 0.0001) than the control group. More crowding than diastems was observed in asthmatic patients. An association between the crossbite (p = 0.02) and maxillary crowding (p = 0.03) was also observed with the earlier age of asthma onset. Conclusion: The findings of this study lead us to note that dentofacial anomalies are related to asthma.
A new model and efficient tracker for a target with curvilinear motion

A new model for targets moving in two dimensions is presented. Target motion is modelled as constant velocity with occasional along-track and cross-track acceleration inputs. Simulations show that a tracker based on this new model produces estimates superior to both the variable-dimension filter (VDF) and the circular-turn-based interacting multiple-model (IMM) tracker, By using nested multiple models, a modified tracker is created which has considerable computational savings compared with a standard IMM tracker.
Epithelial desquamation in asthma.

To determine whether the denudation of the bronchial epithelium observed in endobronchial biopsies from asthmatic subjects is a true pathologic feature or an artifact of tissue sampling, we analyzed epithelial integrity in bronchial biopsies from 14 subjects with mild and moderate asthma and 12 healthy subjects. In each subject, 4 to 8 bronchial biopsies were taken from large airways during bronchoscopy, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in glycomethacrylate, cut into 2- μ M sections, and stained with toluidine blue. A × 4 image of each biopsy was copied to a computer file using a video camera, and lines were drawn and measured along the basement membrane underlying areas completely denuded of overlying epithelium, areas covered by a single layer of basal cells, and areas of intact epithelium. We found that the percentage of basement membrane that was denuded of epithelium was similar in the healthy and asthmatic subjects (14.8 ± 11.8 versus 11.4 ± 9.8% respectively, p = 0.38); the percentage of base.
Sex Differences in Self-Reported and Physiological Response to Oral Cocaine and Placebo in Humans

Self-report and physiological data from 27 male and 8 female cocaine-abusing volunteers exposed to cocaine (80 mg/70 kg po) and placebo were examined for sex differences in their responses. Females reported significantly greater baseline ratings on the Pentobarbital-Chlorpromazine-Alcohol Group (PCAG) (sedation) and Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) (dysphoria) subscales of the Addiction Research Center Inventory–Short Form (ARCI) relative to males. In addition, females reported significantly greater ratings on the Visual Analogs Scales (VAS) Bad Drug Effects and Anxious/Nervous scales relative to males, regardless of drug. Cocaine produced greater increase in systolic blood pressure in males following cocaine, whereas females showed greater increases following placebo. These results suggest that a placebo control is necessary to determine sex differences in response to an active drug.
Oxidative stress–associated mitochondrial dysfunction in corticosteroid‐treated muscle cells

We analyzed the effects of corticosteroid on mitochondrial membrane potentials (ΔΨm), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis in a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, RD, and a dopaminergic neuroblastoma cell line, SH‐SY5Y. The cell lines were cultured in the presence or absence of dexamethasone and superoxide dismutase (SOD) for up to 1 week. Dexamethasone treatment increased ΔΨm, ROS generation, and apoptosis in proliferating RD cells. Treatment with SOD attenuated ROS generation and apoptosis, but not ΔΨm. The increase in ΔΨm seemed to be the primary effect of dexamethasone on proliferating RD cells, which is probably mediated by mitochondrial transcription. In differentiated RD cells, but not differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells, dexamethasone treatment showed a delayed effect of interfering with the ΔΨm and increasing ROS generation and apoptosis. Since these changes disappeared in the presence of SOD, dexamethasone primarily induced ROS generation, resulting in apoptosis. We speculate that this mechanism provides the basis of a pathophysiological model of corticosteroid myopathy. Muscle Nerve 30:49–54,2004
Cytochrome P 450 1 B 1 mRNA measured in blood mononuclear cells by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 activates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aryl aromatic hydrocarbons to carcinogens. We describe a competitive reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay for the quantification of CYP1B1 mRNA in blood mononuclear cells (BMCs) by simultaneous RT and PCR amplification of cellular RNA with decreasing amounts of an internal standard. The concentration of CYP1B1 mRNA is derived from the ratio between the intensities of the bands corresponding to the amplified products. To reduce the variability of mRNA extraction efficiency, the measured amount of CYP1B1 has been calculated in relation to the b-actin gene products. We measured CYP1B1 expression in the BMCs of 75 human subjects; no significant differences in the CYP1B1:b-actin ratio were detected between women (range, 0.47–4.35; median, 2.0) and men (range, 0.72–3.85; median, 2.09). The analytical imprecision (CV) of duplicates was 14% (n 5 25 pairs), and the intraindividual CV for two samples, 1 month apart, was 22% (n 5 20). No significant differences were detected in smokers (n 5 25; range, 0.77–3.55; median, 2.14) compared with nonsmokers (n 5 50; range, 0.47–4.35; median, 2.0). The method has a wide range of linearity, good sensitivity and precision, and is suitable for studies of individual susceptibility as indicated by CYP1B1 expression in BMCs.
Performance evaluation of data packet transmission via Nakagami fading channels with NPCSMA protocol for NCPSK and QPSK modulation schemes

New expressions for the average probability of packet error in case of intermediate Nakagami (1960) fading channels are derived. The correlation among bits within the packet is assumed to obey the first order Markovian process. Both non-coherent frequency shift keying (NCFSK) and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation schemes are addressed. The average probability of packet error is used to obtain an expression for the modified throughput for the non-persistent carrier sense multiple access (NPCSMA) protocol. The different fading parameters affecting the modified throughput expression such as the average signal to noise ratio (SNR), fading margin and correlation factor among bits of the same packet are also analyzed.
Hydrophobia of gymnosperms: myth or reality? A global analysis

According to the classical textbooks, the gymnosperms are the only seed plants without aquatic species. Recently, however, a set of virtually complete compilations on gymnosperms has been published, enabling a new evaluation of the putative hydrophobia of gymnosperms. This synthesis aims at portraying the relation of all extant gymnosperm species to aquatic and wetland habitats. We present a database of all 986 extant gymnosperm species with their ecological characteristics including 291 cycads, 80 gnetophytes, one ginkgophyte and 614 conifers. We define four categories reflecting the level of hydrophobia and hydrophily of all species and their possible adaptation to wetlands and/or aquatic habitats. Eighty‐two percent (805) of the extant species of gymnosperms are clearly hydrophobic, but 18% (180) are classified as hydrophilic. The podocarp Retrophyllum minus is the only obligate inhabitant of aquatic habitats. This contribution classifies gymnosperms into four categories in reference to their physiological and morphological adaptation to a moisture gradient. It relativizes the putative hydrophobia of gymnosperms and provides new perspectives for research on gymnosperms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The mutational spectrum of brachydactyly type C.

Growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF5), also known as cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-1 (CDMP-1), is a secreted signaling molecule that participates in skeletal morphogenesis. Heterozygous mutations in GDF5, which maps to human chromosome 20, occur in individuals with autosomal dominant brachydactyly type C (BDC). Here we show that BDC is locus homogeneous by reporting a GDF5 frameshift mutation segregating with the phenotype in a family whose trait was initially thought to map to human chromosome 12. We also describe heterozygous mutations in nine additional probands/families with BDC and show nonpenetrance in a mutation carrier. Finally, we show that mutant GDF5 polypeptides containing missense mutations in their active domains do not efficiently form disulfide-linked dimers when expressed in vitro. These data support the hypothesis that BDC results from functional haploinsufficiency for GDF5.
A Nonconserved Surface of the TFIIB Zinc Ribbon Domain Plays a Direct Role in RNA Polymerase II Recruitment

ABSTRACT The general transcription factor TFIIB is a highly conserved and essential component of the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcription initiation machinery. It consists of a single polypeptide with two conserved structural domains: an amino-terminal zinc ribbon structure (TFIIBZR) and a carboxy-terminal core (TFIIBCORE). We have analyzed the role of the amino-terminal region of human TFIIB in transcription in vivo and in vitro. We identified a small nonconserved surface of the TFIIBZR that is required for pol II transcription in vivo and for different types of basal pol II transcription in vitro. Consistent with a general role in transcription, this TFIIBZR surface is directly involved in the recruitment of pol II to a TATA box-containing promoter. Curiously, although the amino-terminal human TFIIBZR domain can recruit both human pol II and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) pol II, the yeast TFIIB amino-terminal region recruits yeast pol II but not human pol II. Thus, a critical process in transcription from many different promoters—pol II recruitment—has changed in sequence specificity during eukaryotic evolution.
rading partners : Tectonic ancestry of southern Africa and western Australia , in rchean supercratons Vaalbara and Zimgarn leksey

Original connections among the world’s extant Archean cratons are becoming tractable by the use of integrated paleomagnetic and geochronologic studies on Paleoproterozoic mafic dyke swarms. Here we report new high-quality paleomagnetic data from the ∼2.41 Ga Widgiemooltha dyke swarm of the Yilgarn craton in western Australia, confirming earlier results from that unit, in which the primary origin of characteristic remanent magnetization is now confirmed by baked-contact tests. The corresponding paleomagnetic pole (10.2◦S, 159.2◦E, A95 = 7.5◦), in combination with newly available ages on dykes from Zimbabwe, allow for a direct connection between the Zimbabwe and Yilgarn cratons at 2.41 Ga, eywords: aleomagnetism aleoproterozoic ilgarn ilbara imbabve craton with implied connections as early as their cratonization intervals at 2.7–2.6 Ga. The proposed “Zimgarn” supercraton was likely distinct from Vaalbara (Kaapvaal plus Pilbara) at 2.4 Ga, but both of those entities independently fragmented at ca. 2.1–2.0 Ga, reassembling into the Kalahari and West Australian cratons by 1.95–1.8 Ga. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. aapvaal craton