Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of mental stress in warmblood horses : heart rate variability in comparison to heart rate and selected behavioural parameters

The aim of the study was to investigate whether heart rate variability (HRV) could assess alterations of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) at different levels of excitement. The behavioural and physiological responses of 20 warmblood horses to a challenging ground exercise task were studied. Prior to the experiment, the horses were evaluated at rest and during forward walking (FW). The horses were then forced to move backwards continuously during 3 min according to a standardised protocol (BW1). Subsequently, the horses were exposed to two training sessions, after which the backward walking (BW2) was re-evaluated. Heart rate (HR) and HRV-parameters such as the standard deviation of the beat-to-beat intervals (SDRR), the low (LF; sympathetic tone) and high frequency (HF) component of HRV (HF; parasympathetic tone) and their ratio (LF/HF; index representing the sympatho-vagal balance) were sampled at rest, and during FW, BW1 and BW2. Stress-related behaviour during BW1 and BW2 was determined from video recordings. The results of the different evaluations were compared to each other. Compared to rest and FW, the first backward experiment induced a significant rise in HR, LF and LF/HF and a significant decrease of HF. SDRR decreased from both FW and rest with only the latter reaching significance. In BW2 after the training sessions, HR and the parameters of the sympathetic branch of the ANS (LF, LF/HF) were decreased and the vagal tone (HF) increased compared to BW1; all changes were significant. The duration of stress indicating behavioural patterns revealed This report represents a part of the thesis submitted by T.R. Rietmann to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland, as required for the DrMedVet degree. ∗ Corresponding author. Tel. : +41-1-63-58434; fax: +41-1-63-58905. E-mail address: mweishaupt@vetclinics.unizh. ch (M.A. Weishaupt). 0168-1591/$ – see front matter © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.applanim. 2004.02. 016 122 T.R. Rietmann et al. / Applied Animal Behaviour Science 88 (2004) 121–136 also a significant decrease of excitement after the training, when backward walking did not differ from forward walking in any parameter. Correlations between HRV-parameters and stress indicating behaviour as well as HR were found. We conclude that the HRV-parameters LF and HF are valuable measures to quantify sympatho-vagal balance, which allows a more precise assessment of the responses of HR and SDRR to mental stress during low intensity exercise. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
UK local councils reporting of biodiversity values: a stakeholder perspective

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of narratives in biodiversity reports as a mechanism to raise the awareness of biodiversity’s importance. By classifying biodiversity narratives into 14 categories of biodiversity values this paper investigates whether the explanations for biodiversity conservation used by UK local councils are line with shallow, intermediate or deep philosophies. Design/methodology/approach - This study used content analysis to examine the disclosures on biodiversity’s importance in the biodiversity action plans published by UK local councils. The narratives were first identified and then allocated into 14 categories of biodiversity value. Then, they were ascribed to either shallow (resource conservation, human welfare ecology and preservationism), intermediate (environmental stewardship and moral extensionism) or deep philosophies. Findings - UK local councils explained biodiversity’s importance mainly in terms of its instrumental value, in line with shallow philosophies such as human welfare ecology and resource conservation. UK local councils sought to raise awareness of biodiversity’ importance by highlighting values that are important for the stakeholders that are able to contribute towards biodiversity conservation such as landowners, residents, visitors, business and industries. The authors also found that local councils’ biodiversity strategies were strongly influenced by 2010, the International Year of Biodiversity. Originality/value - This paper is one of the few accounting studies that engages with the literature on environmental ethics to investigate biodiversity. In line with stakeholder theory, it indicates that explanations on biodiversity’s importance based on anthropocentric philosophies are considered more effective in informing those stakeholders whose behaviour needs to be changed to improve biodiversity conservation.
The effect of acidifier and phytase on thyroid weight as related to short-chain fatty acid concentration in the caeca of broiler chickens

The experiment was carried out on 96 female broilers, allocated to 8 groups of 12 birds, kept in individual cages. Two wheatand soyabean meal-based diets containing 150 g/kg of rapeseed expeller cake were formulated, with Ca and P levels of 9 and 7.1 g/kg (diet H) or 7.9 and 5.9 g/kg (diet L), respectively. The diets were unsupplemented or supplemented with phytase (1000 U/kg) and/or acidifier (6 g/kg) and were fed from day 8 to 28 of life. At the end of the experiment the chickens were killed and dissected, the thyroids were weighed, and caecal digesta was collected for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis. Supplementation of diets with phytase or acidifier significantly increased thyroid weight by 16% (P<0.01) and 11% (P<0.05), respectively. The increase in thyroid weight due to phytase supplementation was greater at the lower dietary Ca and P levels, and the greatest when the acidifier was also added to the diet. The thyroid weight did not, however, correlate with either the total SCFA concentration or with the ratio of individual SCFAs in the caecal digesta.
Prethermalization in quenched spinor condensates

Motivated by recent experiments, we consider the dynamics of spin-1 spinor condensates after a quantum quench from the polar to ferromagnetic state from varying the quadratic Zeeman field q. We apply the truncated Wigner approximation (TWA) to the spinor system, including all spatial and spin degrees of freedom. For short times, we find full agreement with the linearized Bogoliubov analysis. For longer times, where the Bogoliubov theory fails, we find that the system reaches a quasisteady prethermalized state. We compute the Bogoliubov spectrum about the ferromagnetic state with general q and show that the resulting finite-temperature correlation functions grossly disagree with the full TWA results, thus indicating that the system does not thermalize even over very long time scales. Finally, we show that the absence of thermalization over realistic time scales is consistent with calculations of Landau damping rates of excitations in the finite-temperature condensate.
Health of School-Aged Children in 11+ Hours of Center-Based Care

With increasing numbers of women joining the evening/nighttime and extended-hour workforce, there is a need for quality childcare during these hours. This project, conducted in Japan, sought to compare the effects of expanded child-care on the health of 271 school-aged children. Parents completed a survey on the childrearing environment at home, their feelings of self-efficacy, and the presence of support for childcare; and childcare professionals evaluated the development of these school-aged children. Children responded to questions regarding their health. Results of the multiple regression analysis indicate that factors in the home environment, not length of time in center-based care, explained health risks at school age.
Regeneration After Experimental Traumatic Lesion in Rats Endurance and Resistance Exercise Training Programs Elicit Specific Effects on Sciatic Nerve

http://nnr.sagepub. com/content/22/4/355 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/1545968307313502 2008 22: 355 originally published online 8 March 2008 Neurorehabil Neural Repair Jocemar Ilha, Rafaela T. Araujo, Tais Malysz, Erica E. S. Hermel, Paula Rigon, Léder L. Xavier and Matilde Achaval Regeneration After Experimental Traumatic Lesion in Rats Endurance and Resistance Exercise Training Programs Elicit Specific Effects on Sciatic Nerve
Homophily and the Persistence of Disagreement

We study a dynamic model of attitude formation in which individuals average others' attitudes to develop their own. We assume that individuals exhibit homophily in sociodemographic exogenous attributes, that is, the attention they pay to each other is based on whether they possess similar attributes. We also assume that individuals exhibit homophily in attitudes, at the group level. Specifically, attributes that are salient, that is, that exhibit a substantial difference in attitudes between the groups of individuals possessing and lacking them, deserve high attention. Since we allow attention to evolve over time we prove that when there is, initially, a unique most salient attribute, it deserves growing attention overtime in detriment of the remaining ones. As a result, individuals eventually interact only with others similar to them across this attribute and disagreement persists. It materializes in two groups of thinking defined according to this attribute.
Employee Involvement and Job Satisfaction: A Tale of the Millennial Generation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically study the effect of employee involvement in the workplace on job satisfaction for millennial workers in Colombia. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained from a sample of 2103 millennial employees working in 11 companies of different sectors located in the five main cities of Colombia. Ordered probit models were estimated to study the effect of employee involvement on job satisfaction, in general, and how different forms of participative decision making in the workplace produce different impacts on individual satisfaction with objective and intrinsic aspects of the job, in particular. Findings The empirical results show that, for millennial workers, there is a positive link between employee involvement and job satisfaction. Moreover, there is a higher positive impact on job satisfaction when millennial workers participate in decisions on general aspects of the company than when they participate in specific decisions such as those concerning teamwork or main tasks at work. Another interesting result is that millennial workers attach high importance to intrinsic aspects of their jobs (such as the possibility to use their knowledge in the work), which may improve their satisfaction in a higher participative environment. Research limitations/implications The results can present bias due to the use of self-report data from millennial workers. Another potential limitation is the cross-sectional nature of the data, which does not control for unobserved individual effects. The study may be extended to other developing countries to help identify results more precisely for different contexts. Originality/value The value lies in exploring the relationship between employee involvement and job satisfaction for millennial workers in the context of a developing country. The paper simultaneously considers different types of employee involvement and estimates their effects on different facets of job satisfaction.
Effe rem tape

Material and methods. Forty-eight internally notched taper implants were divided into 2 groups of 24. Group OP received solid (1-piece) abutments; group TP received esthetic (2-piece) abutments. Each group was further subdivided into subgroups C (control) without mechanical loading and T (test) with mechanical loading. In groups OPC and TPC, the abutments were placed and removed and the removal torque values (RTVs) registered. In groups OPT and TPT, abutments were placed, mechanically loaded (500 000 cycles), removed, and the RTVs registered. Groups TPC and TPT were further tested for the traction force necessary to dislodge the abutment from the implant. For data analysis, the Student t test (for RTVs) and the Mann-Whitney U test (for TFVs) (a1⁄4.05) were performed.
TIME-DEPENDENT STOCHASTIC ACCELERATION MODEL FOR FERMI BUBBLES

We study stochastic acceleration models for the Fermi bubbles. Turbulence is excited just behind the shock front via Kelvin–Helmholtz, Rayleigh–Taylor, or Richtmyer–Meshkov instabilities, and plasma particles are continuously accelerated by the interaction with the turbulence. The turbulence gradually decays as it goes away from the shock fronts. Adopting a phenomenological model for the stochastic acceleration, we explicitly solve the temporal evolution of the particle energy distribution in the turbulence. Our results show that the spatial distribution of high-energy particles is different from those for a steady solution. We also show that the contribution of electrons that escaped from the acceleration regions significantly softens the photon spectrum. The photon spectrum and surface brightness profile are reproduced by our models. If the escape efficiency is very high, the radio flux from the escaped low-energy electrons can be comparable to that of the WMAP haze. We also demonstrate hadronic models with the stochastic acceleration, but they are unlikely in the viewpoint of the energy budget.
Information Asymmetry and Financial Development Dynamics in Africa

We examine policy thresholds of information sharing for financial development in 53 African countries for the period 2004-2011. Public credit registries (PCR) and private credit bureaus (PCB) are used as proxies for reducing information asymmetry whereas financial development includes all financial dimensions identified by the Financial Development and Structure Database (FDSD) of the World Bank, namely: depth, efficiency, activity and size. The empirical evidence is based on interactive Generalised Methods of Moments with forward orthogonal deviations. The following findings are established. First, PCR and PCB have negative effects on financial depth, with the magnitude of the former higher. Second, contrary to PCR which have insignificant effects, PCB has a negative impact on banking system efficiency. Third, PCR and PCB have negative impacts on financial activity, with the magnitude of the latter higher. Moreover, their marginal effects are negative. Fourth, PCR and PCB have positive effects on financial size, with the effect of the former higher. While marginal effects are positive, corresponding thresholds are not within range. Policy implications are discussed.
The Effects Of Neurotherapy (Nft) Using Ayatul Kursi As Stimulus On Memory Performance

The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of Ayatul Kursi with neurofeedback training (NFT) on memory performance among year two counseling students. In the first phase of the study, pre-test instrument Intelligence Scale Weshler Bellover, the Digit Span and Digit Symbol were administered to measure memory performance of subjects before the Neurofeedback training. A total number of 10 participants went through the pre -test on the same day in a quiet room without any interference in a counseling room. The participants went through neurofeedback training using Ayatul kursi and alpha training protocol with bipolar electrode placement on the frontal lobe (FP1 and Fp2), an executive function area with attention and judiciary (judgement) as goals for the training. Each participant was trained for five sessions for once a week at the counseling laboratory. Majority showed increased alpha wave at each session based on the data obtained. In the third phase, the post-test was carried out where instrument Intelligence Scale Weshler Bellover the Digit Span and Digit Symbol were administered after the five-training session to see the difference of scores were obtained at pre-test and the post tests. The results showed significant improvements on scores obtained by the participants.
On the role of guidance in the acquisition and utilisation of knowledge in the control of complex, dynamic systems

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Pharmaceutical Interventions and the Identification of Potential Drug – Drug Interactions

Results: Two hundred and two inpatients were monitored. The mean of 10 different drugs was prescribed for each patient (SD = 3.6). At least 1 major or moderate pDDIs with warfarin per patient was observed, the mean was 3.6 (SD = 1.6). The most common pDDIs with warfarin involved in the increase of anticoagulation effect were enoxaparin (32.2%), simvastatin (27.6%), omeprazole (22.5%), and tramadol (21.5%). For 32 patients (15.8%), interventions were rejected, and they had a higher risk (relative risk= 2.17; 95% confidence interval 1.10–4.27) for abnormal test results (INR . 5). Multivariate analysis showed that age, length of hospital stay, exposure to $4 major or moderate pDDIs, and refusal of pharmacist recommendations contribute significantly to the patient’s INR result . 5. Consequently, the risk of bleeding is increased.
Smoking Cessation and Subgingival Bacteria 525 MeTHODs Participant selection and study Design

Smoking cessation improves the clinical manifestations of periodontitis; however, its effect on the subgingival biofilm, the primary etiological agent of periodontitis, is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate, longitudinally, if smoking cessation altered the composition of the subgingival microbial community, by means of a quantitative, cultivation-independent assay for bacterial profiling. Subgingival plaque was collected at baseline, and 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment from smokers who received root planing and smoking cessation counseling. The plaque was analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-RFLP). Microbial profiles differed significantly between smokers and quitters at 6 and 12 months following smoking cessation. The microbial community in smokers was similar to baseline, while quitters demonstrated significantly divergent profiles. Changes in bacterial levels contributed to this shift. These findings reveal a critical role for smoking cessation in altering the subgingival biofilm and suggest a mechanism for improved periodontal health associated with smoking cessation. Key wORDs: smoking cessation, molecular, bacteria, recolonization, subgingival. smoking Cessation Alters subgingival Microbial Recolonization
Cross-Sectional Studies Investigating the Association between a posteriori DPs and Measures of IR , Glucose Abnormalities , or Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes

United Kingdomecertified. ABSTRACT Our review and meta-analysis examined the association between a posterioriederived dietary patterns (DPs) and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for articles published up to July 2012 and data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Overall, 19 cross-sectional, 12 prospective cohort, and two nested case-control studies were eligible for inclusion. Results from cross-sectional studies reported an inconsistent association between DPs and measures of insulin resistance and/or glucose abnormalities, or prevalence of type 2 diabetes. A meta-analysis was carried out on nine prospective cohort studies that had examined DPs derived by principle component/factor analysis and incidence of type 2 diabetes risk (totaling 309,430 participants and 16,644 incident cases). Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. Two broad DPs (Healthy/Prudent and Unhealthy/Western) were identified based on food factor loadings published in original studies. Pooled results indicated a 15% lower type 2 diabetes risk for those in the highest category of Healthy/Prudent pattern compared with those in the lowest category (95% CI 0.80 to 0.91; P<0.0001). Compared with the lowest category of Unhealthy/ Western DP, those in the highest category had a 41% increased risk of type 2 diabetes (95% CI 1.32 to 1.52; P<0.0001). These results provide evidence that DPs are consistently associated with risk of type 2 diabetes even when other lifestyle factors are controlled for. Thus, greater adherence to a DP characterized by high intakes of fruit, vegetables, and complex carbohydrate and low intakes of refined carbohydrate, processed meat, and fried food may be one strategy that could have a positive influence on the global public health burden of type 2 diabetes. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014;-:-.
Large homogeneous mono-/ bilayer graphene on 6 H – SiC ( 0001 ) and buffer layer elimination

We present a technique to pattern the charge density of a large-area epitaxial graphene sheet locally without using metallic gates. Instead, local intercalation of the graphene–substrate interface can selectively be established in the vicinity of graphene edges or predefined voids. It provides changes of the work function of several hundred meV, corresponding to a conversion from n-type to p-type charge carriers. This assignment is supported by photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Hall effect measurements. The technique introduces materials contrast to a graphene sheet in a variety of geometries and thus allows for novel experiments and novel functionalities. S Online supplementary data available from stacks.iop. org/NANO/26/025302/mmedia
Kernel Feature Extraction Approach for Color Image Recognition

Color Image Recognition is one of the most important fields in Pattern Recognition. Both Multi-set canonical correlation analysis and Kernel method are important techniques in the field of color image recognition. In this paper, we combine the two methods and propose one novel color image recognition approach: color image kernel canonical correlation analysis (CIKCCA). Color image kernel canonical correlation analysis is based on the theory of multi-set canonical correlation analysis and extracts canonical correlation features among the color image components. Then fuse the features of the color image components in the feature level, which are used for classification and recognition. Experimental results on the FRGC-v2 public color image databases demonstrate that the proposed approach acquire better recognition performance than other color recognition methods.
The modified Dandy criteria for idiopathic intracranial hypertension used in the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of overweight women in the childbearing age characterized by increased intracranial pressure with its associated signs and symptoms in alert and oriented patients. Neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is normal except for increased intracranial pressure and its associated symptoms and signs. Also, no secondary cause of intracranial hypertension is apparent. This set of criteria comprises the modified Dandy criteria (Box 1). In the last 3 years, there has been an explosion of publications on IIH, with a PubMed search revealing more than 500 articles. In this review, the authors discuss themost important of these articles, especially those generated from the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (IIHT). Before 3 years ago, a Cochrane review concluded: “There is insufficient information to generate an evidence-based management strategy for idiopathic intracranial