Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Labor Force Migration, Unemployment and Job Turnover

IN recent years; economists have analyzed migration among geographic areas as a form of human investment whereby individuals are thought to incur present costs (both monetary and psychic) in the hope of receiving higher future earnings and other benefits. ' The essence of human investment theory is the assignment of a primary causal role to present values of spatial differences in economic opportunity as a determinant of migration.2 An issue of considerable importance is the translation of these general human investment notions into concrete theoretical and empirical terms. The problem centers on the multi-period investment horizon and consequently on measures of job stability and turnover when there is unemployment and uncertainty. Virtually all empirical studies to date have taken as an (inverse) index of economic opportunity the unemployment rate for the area in question. Previous researchers who have used the unemployment rate have encountered serious empirical difficulties. Some have found higher migration rates into high unemployment areas,3 while others have found the unemployment rate to be statistically insignificant as an explanatory variable.4 In only a few studies has the unemployment rate been found to be an important deterrent to migration, and even then, only for certain population subgroups.5 Thus, Greenwood (1975, p. 411) concludes: "One of the most perplexing problems confronting migration scholars is the lack of significance of local unemployment rates in explaining migration. " The empirical difficulty with the unemployment rate may well have a conceptual underpinning. A priori, we might suppose that unemployment rates are not very satisfactory measures of economic opportunity for potential migrants, who for reasons to be discussed below would presumably be more concerned with the probabilities of acquiring and retaining employment than with the average employment rate among all workers in the market. Thus, it would be expected that labor turnover variables (such as rates of new hires and layoffs) would play an important part in the explanation of migration. In this paper, we show how labor turnover considerations can be integrated into the human investment theory of migration and demonstrate that such a model provides a much better explanation for migration rates into major metropolitan areas than the conventionally-used unemployment rate. The method used here may be of interest as well to researchers working on other human investment problems that also have a multi-period dimension.
Differences in immunological alterations and underlying viral infections in two well‐defined severe drug eruptions

Background. Similar drugs (e.g. anticonvulsants) have been implicated in the development of two distinct forms of severe cutaneous drug reactions, Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and drug–induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS)/drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS).
Effect of endotoxic mastitis on epithelial cell numbers in the milk of dairy cows.

OBJECTIVE To measure epithelial cell percentages and somatic cell counts (SCCs) in milk and determine whether isoflupredone acetate reduces mammary gland epithelial cell sloughing in cows with acute endotoxin-induced mastitis. ANIMALS 13 lactating Holstein cows. PROCEDURES Determination of SCC and flow cytometric analysis of cytokeratin-positive (epithelial) cells in milk were performed before and 12 hours after induction of mastitis via intramammary administration of bacterial endotoxin in 8 cows and at the same time points in 5 cows without mastitis. Endotoxin-treated cows received isoflupredone acetate (20 mg) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (n = 4/group) IV after signs of mastitis developed. RESULTS At the 12-hour time point, mean +/- SD percentage of epithelial cells in milk increased from 2.74 +/- 1.93% to 42.11 +/- 36.21% and decreased from 5.73 +/- 4.52% to 5.31 +/- 1.93% in milk from cows with and without mastitis, respectively. Median (range) SCC in milk increased from 195,000 cells/mL (17,000 to 442,000 cells/mL) to 5,437,500 cells/mL (69,000 to 11,036,000 cells/mL) and from 19,000 cells/mL (9,000 to 125,000 cells/mL) to 51,000 cells/mL (10,000 to 835,000 cells/mL) in cows with and without mastitis, respectively. Changes in these variables were significantly greater in mastitis-affected cows. Administration of isoflupredone acetate did not affect epithelial cell percentage or SCC in milk. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE During the early phase of endotoxin-induced mastitis in dairy cows, large numbers of epithelial cells were sloughed into the milk. Epithelial cell damage likely precedes an influx of immune cells into affected mammary glands and may contribute to breakdown of the blood-milk barrier.
The Role of CBBE in Building Loyalty to Political Brand: A Proposed Framework

This study seeks to broaden the concept of loyalty to political brand similar to commercial brand by developing a specific conceptual model for political marketing context. The model attempts to link the relationship between political brand awareness, political brand image, political brand quality, political brand trust, and loyalty to political brand, to fill the gap in marketing, and political marketing literature. The conceptual model produces several valuable theoretical contributions through the literature of marketing, political marketing (PM), customer based brand equity (CBBE), psychology, consumer (voter) behavior, and political science.
Altered ADAR 2 equilibrium and 5HT2CR editing in the prefrontal cortex of ADAR 2 transgenic mice

Modulation of serotonin signaling by RNA editing of the serotonin 2C receptor (5HT2CR) may be relevant to affective disorder as serotonin functions regulate mood and behavior. Previously, we observed enhanced endogenous behavioral despair in ADAR2 transgenic mice. As the transcript of the 5HT2CR is a substrate of ADAR2, we hypothesized that perturbed ADAR2 equilibrium in the prefrontal cortex of ADAR2 transgenic mice alters the normal distribution of edited amino acid isoforms of the 5HT2CR and modifies the receptor function in downstream basal extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. We examined groups of naive control and ADAR2 transgenic mice and found significantly increased ADAR2 expression, increased RNA editing at A, C, D and E sites and significantly altered normal distribution of edited amino acid isoforms of the 5HT2CR with increased proportions of valine asparagine valine, valine serine valine, valine asparagine isoleucine, isoleucine asparagine valine and decreased isoleucine asparagine isoleucine amino acid isoforms of the 5HT2CR in ADAR2 transgenic mice. Localized serotonin levels (5‐HT) were unchanged and perturbed ADAR2 equilibrium coincides with dysregulated edited amino acid isoforms of the 5HT2CR and reduced basal ERK signaling. These results altogether suggest that altered 5HT2CR function could be contributing to enhanced depression‐like behavior of ADAR2 transgenic mice and further implicate ADAR2 as a contributing factor in cases of affective disorder.
Risk Factors for Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Comparison between Two Brazilian Cities

In Brazil, similar intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) rates were observed between cities with distinct levels of socioeconomic development, challenging the current knowledge that higher rates of IUGR would necessarily be observed in poorer areas than in wealthier ones. Ribeirão Preto, a city located in the most developed area in Brazil, showed an IUGR rate of 18% in 1994, whereas this rate was 18.5% in 1997/1998 in São Luís, located in one of the poorest areas in the country. The objective of this study was to compare risk factors for IUGR in these two cities and to identify factors that are responsible for this unexpected lack of difference between the rates. Using data from two birth cohorts, including 2839 neonates who were from Ribeirão Preto and born in 1994 and 2439 neonates who were from São Luís and born in 1997/1998, a multivariable analysis was conducted to assess changes in the risk for IUGR in the poorer city compared with the wealthier one in a combined model, adjusting for some risk factors for IUGR. The wealthier city showed higher rates of maternal smoking, attendance in the private sector, and obstetric interventions than the less developed one. Differences in maternal smoking and obstetric interventions were possibly responsible for the similarity of the rates between cities. It seems that early detection of IUGR followed by cesarean section in the wealthier city is associated with increased low birth weight and IUGR rates but reduced stillbirth and infant mortality rates.
National or European Politicians? Gauging MEPs Polarity When Russia is Concerned

The European Parliament (EP) is viewed as a normal parliament. Voting patterns of its members (MEPs) are mainly aligned with transnational political groups, not national cleavages. Yet, it has been proven by many that MEP voting patterns are an outcome of conflicting pressures and a distorted indicator of their individual political orientations. In this study we rely on MEP written questions to the European Commission to measure the policy positions and their determinants. Using the universe of 100,000 such questions in 2002–2015 linked with MEP country and European Political Group affiliation data, we test whether one issue of high sensitivity to their domestic audiences — Russia — makes the MEPs take their nationality seriously and pay more attention to it regardless of their transnational partisan affiliations. We rely on supervised machine learning to uncover sentiment of every question asked on a negative-positive scale. Then we contrast the sentiment of questions related to Russia with the rest of questions conditional on party and national affiliation of the MEP asking the question. We find that (i) MEP question involving Russia is twice as negative in tonality as an average question, (ii) more variation in modality of Russia-related questions is explained by MEP national affiliation than her EPG. Our findings are robust to alternative methods of sentiment extraction and to controlling for time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity of MEPs.
Accurate measurement of three-dimensional knee replacement kinematics using single-plane fluoroscopy

A simple extension of a previously reported object recognition technique has been used to implement a six-degree-of-freedom position/orientation estimator for the measurement of knee replacement motion from two-dimensional (2-D) fluoroscopic images. Computer modeling studies and controlled mechanical tests were performed to assess the accuracy of the technique. The results indicate that knee rotations can be measured with an accuracy of approximately one degree and that sagittal plane translations can be measured with an accuracy of approximately 0.5 mm. The measurement technique is uniquely well suited for performing dynamic kinematic measurements on individuals with knee replacements, and for performing comparative studies among subjects with different designs of knee replacements.
A 3-Year Prospective Cohort Study on 132 Calcium Phosphate-Blasted Implants: Flap vs Flapless Technique.

PURPOSE To evaluate the survival rate and marginal bone loss (MBL) of a calcium phosphate-blasted titanium implant inserted by a flap or flapless technique and to study the morphochemical characteristics of the implant surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty out of 85 patients who received one or more implants were selected as eligible for this prospective longitudinal cohort clinical study. Titanium implants (n = 132) were placed in human healthy subjects using either a flap or flapless technique, selected on the basis of the best practice. The survival rate and MBL were evaluated after 3 months (preloading stress-free healing period) and after 6, 12, 24, and 36 months in relation to implant diameter, location, sex, and smoking habits. Surface morphochemical analyses were performed by environmental scanning electron microscopy connected with energy-dispersive x-ray (ESEM/EDX). RESULTS The overall survival rate was 97.72%. After 3 and 36 months, MBL was 0.36 ± 0.66 mm and 1.09 ± 1.10 mm for the flapless group and 0.29 ± 0.51 mm and 1.03 ± 0.92 mm for the flap group. MBL showed a statistically significant increase with time (P = .0001), and differences were found at all times since 6 months. No statistical differences between the flapless and flap groups and sex were observed at any time, while MBL was significantly higher in the maxillary versus mandibular location (6, 12, and 24 months) and in smokers versus nonsmokers (6 months). Higher MBL in both groups was found for a smaller diameter (3.5 mm) than larger diameter (4.1, 5 mm). The surface showed a Ti-Al-V alloy displaying a uniform nanotexture. CONCLUSION The implant system showed a high survival rate and markedly lower MBL considering the limits for acceptable progression. Flapless and flap techniques demonstrated similar results of MBL at the preloading healing period and at the 6 months to 3 years postloading periods. Both surgical procedures induced an early MBL during the preloading stress-free period. Implant diameter, mandibular/maxillary location, preloading stress-free period, and smoking habits affect MBL more than the type of surgery after both short- and long-term follow-up.
MONITORING THE PRACTICE AND PROGRESS OF INITIATION OF BREASTFEEDING WITHIN HALF AN HOUR TO ONE HOUR AFTER BIRTH, IN THE LABOR ROOM OF KING KHALID UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

Purpose: To monitor the progress in the practice of early breastfeeding of newborn babies within half an hour to one hour after delivery, and to identify the reasons for not breastfeeding the babies in the labor room. Patients and methods: This is a descriptive study conducted in the labor and delivery rooms of King Khalid University Hospital during the months(5) of Jumada I and (11) Dhulqada 1422H. A total of 602 women were included in the study. A structured form was used to assess the extent of feeding and the reasons for not breastfeeding in the first ½ to 1 hour after birth. The frequency and the percentage were used to compare the data. Results: It was encouraging to find that 60% of the women breastfed their babies within ½ an hour to 1 hour after birth. Of the reasons for not breastfeeding the babies early, two were of the greatest concern. The first is that 13% of the women were either too tired to breastfeed or refused to do so at this early stage. Secondly, the majority of the mothers who had had cesarean sections did not breastfeed their babies. Conclusion: Mothers and their families play a very vital role in building the health of the nation. This can be achieved by early breastfeeding, which contributes to the rearing of healthy babies, increase in intelligence and the building of strong future generations. The health care professional must have continuous education and be frequently updated on breastfeeding standards.
Crosstalk Mitigation for LTE-Over-Copper in Downlink Direction

Radio-over-copper is a niche idea that has potential to become a cornerstone in the deployment of dense 5G networks. We address one of the remaining hurdles and present an architecture for transparent crosstalk mitigation in long term evolution (LTE)-over-copper systems. By taking advantage of reference symbols present in the downlink LTE signals, we propose two methods for estimating the copper channel. System performance is evaluated using channel measurements and error vector magnitude calculations with promising results.
Five-Year Mortality and Hospital Costs Associated with Surviving Intensive Care.

RATIONALE Survivors of critical illness experience significant morbidity, but the impact of surviving the intensive care unit (ICU) has not been quantified comprehensively at a population level. OBJECTIVES To identify factors associated with increased hospital resource use and to ascertain whether ICU admission was associated with increased mortality and resource use. METHODS Matched cohort study and pre/post-analysis using national linked data registries with complete population coverage. The population consisted of patients admitted to all adult general ICUs during 2005 and surviving to hospital discharge, identified from the Scottish Intensive Care Society Audit Group registry, matched (1:1) with similar hospital control subjects. Five-year outcomes included mortality and hospital resource use. Confounder adjustment was based on multivariable regression and pre/post within-individual analyses. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Of 7,656 ICU patients, 5,259 survived to hospital discharge (5,215 [99.2%] matched to hospital control subjects). Factors present before ICU admission (comorbidities/pre-ICU hospitalizations) were stronger predictors of hospital resource use than acute illness factors. In the 5 years after the initial hospital discharge, compared with hospital control subjects, the ICU cohort had higher mortality (32.3% vs. 22.7%; hazard ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-1.46; P < 0.001), used more hospital resources (mean hospital admission rate, 4.8 vs. 3.3/person/5 yr), and had 51% higher mean 5-year hospital costs ($25,608 vs. $16,913/patient). Increased resource use persisted after confounder adjustment (P < 0.001) and using pre/post-analyses (P < 0.001). Excess resource use and mortality were greatest for younger patients without significant comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS This complete, national study demonstrates that ICU survivorship is associated with higher 5-year mortality and hospital resource use than hospital control subjects, representing a substantial burden on individuals, caregivers, and society.
Health care costs of depression in primary care patients in The Netherlands.

BACKGROUND Depression is highly prevalent in Western countries and is associated with increased health care costs. Most depressed patients are treated in primary care. OBJECTIVE To estimate the resource use and costs of depressed patients treated in primary care in comparison with matched controls. METHODS Data from an electronic medical record system of 20 general practices in The Netherlands for the years 2002-04 were used. A patient was considered depressed when having a diagnosis of depression and either a prescription for antidepressants or a referral to mental health care. Matching was based on age, sex and GP. Multilevel analyses combined with bootstrapping were performed to compare costs between depressed and matched control patients while correcting for clustering at the level of the GP and adjusting for confounding by age, sex and co-morbidity. RESULTS The prevalence of recognized and subsequently treated depression was 3.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0 to 3.2]. Total health care costs per patient in 2002-04 were on average €2859 (SD 2297) in depressed patients and €658 (SD 1070) in control patients (mean difference €2202, 95% CI 2146 to 2257). After adjustment for co-morbidity, depressed patients had excess costs of €1403 (95% CI 1350 to 1456). CONCLUSION Our results show that health care costs of depressed patients are much higher compared with matched controls even after adjusting for co-morbidity. This was not only true for mental but also for general medical care utilization. These results emphasize the need to develop cost-effective interventions to treat depression in primary care.
Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (pBDNF) and executive dysfunctions in patients with major depressive disorder

Abstract Objectives: Executive dysfunctions are frequently seen in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and normalise in many cases during effective antidepressant therapy. This study investigated whether a normalisation of executive dysfunctions during antidepressant treatment correlates with or can be predicted by clinical parameters or levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Methods: In 110 MDD patients with executive dysfunctions (percentile <16), executive functions and plasma BDNF levels were analysed at baseline, and days 14 and 56 of an antidepressant treatment. BDNF exon IV and P11 methylation status was studied at baseline. Results: Eighty patients (73%) experienced a normalisation of executive dysfunctions, while 30 (27%) suffered from persistent dysfunctions until day 56. Patients with persistent dysfunctions had significantly higher HAMD scores at days 14 and 56, and lower plasma BDNF levels at each time point than patients with a normalisation of dysfunctions (F1= 10.18; P = 0.002). This was seen for verbal fluency, but not processing speed. BDNF exon IV and p11 promoter methylation was not associated with test performance. Conclusions: Our results corroborate a concomitant amelioration of executive dysfunctions with successful antidepressant therapy and support a role of BDNF in the neural mechanisms underlying the normalisation of executive dysfunctions in MDD. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00974155; EudraCT: 2008-008280-96
Nonresorbable versus resorbable sutures in oral implant surgery: a prospective clinical study.

BACKGROUND Regarding the Brånemark implant system, nonresorbable sutures have been advocated for reapproximation of the flaps. Fast-absorbable sutures are frequently used in oral surgery, which is convenient for both the patient and the surgeon. It would be advantageous if fast-absorbable sutures are suitable in implant surgery as well. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare irradiated polyglactin 910 (Vicryl Rapide, Ethicon GmbH, Norderstedt, Germany) suture with a nonresorbable polyfilament suture (Supramid, Schwarz, Resorba GmbH, Nürnberg, Germany) used in oral implant surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study comprised 101 edentulous patients (52 females, 49 males) who were provided with 350 Brånemark implants. They were randomized to receive either Vicryl Rapide suture (n = 61) or 3-0 Supramid suture (n = 40). The patients were evaluated after 10 days and at the time of abutment surgery. Any wound complications and implant losses were recorded. RESULTS The implant failure rate at abutment surgery was low (1.2%), and no difference was seen between the two suture groups. A higher incidence of complications (mainly wound dehiscence) was found in the absorbable suture group, especially when a continuous suture was used. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that it is possible to use irradiated polyglactin 910 sutures in oral implant surgery without affecting the rate of early implant failure. However, it is recommended to add interrupted "security sutures" if a continuous suture technique is used in combination with fast-absorption suture material.
Band eliminate filter design for bilateral control system under time delay

In this paper, four-channel acceleration-based bilateral control(4ch ABC) with band eliminate filter(BEF) under time delay has been proposed. The precedence research of analyzing parameters of 4ch ABC under time delay focuses on the gain characteristics. However, since phase delay occurs under time delay, phase characteristics should also be considered. In this paper, gain and phase characteristics of F parameter which indicates the relation between master and slave has been analyzed. Through the analysis, BEF is designed. The validity of proposed method is verified by experiments.