Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Core-collapse astrophysics with a five-megaton neutrino detector

The legacy of solar neutrinos suggests that large neutrino detectors should be sited underground. However, to instead go underwater bypasses the need to move mountains, allowing much larger water Cerenkov detectors. We show that reaching a detector mass scale of ~5 Megatons, the size of the proposed Deep-TITAND, would permit observations of neutrino “mini-bursts” from supernovae in nearby galaxies on a roughly yearly basis, and we develop the immediate qualitative and quantitative consequences. Importantly, these mini-bursts would be detected over backgrounds without the need for optical evidence of the supernova, guaranteeing the beginning of time-domain MeV neutrino astronomy. The ability to identify, to the second, every core collapse in the local Universe would allow a continuous “death watch” of all stars within ~5 Mpc, making practical many previously-impossible tasks in probing rare outcomes and refining coordination of multiwavelength/multiparticle observations and analysis. These include the abilities to promptly detect otherwise-invisible prompt black hole formation, provide advance warning for supernova shock-breakout searches, define tight time windows for gravitational-wave searches, and identify “supernova impostors” by the nondetection of neutrinos. Observations of many supernovae, even with low numbers of detected neutrinos, will help answer questions about supernovae that cannot be resolved with a single high-statistics event in the Milky Way.
Spin-Polarized Transport Phenomena in Double Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Caused by Ferromagnetic CoFe Nanoparticles

We present some unusual spin-polarized transport phenomena in asymmetric double barrier magnetic tunneling junctions (ADBMTJs) with CoFe/AlOx/ferromagnetic nanoparticle (FM-NPs)/AlOx/Ta structures. The conductance curves and the magnetoresistance ratio clearly oscillate with applied bias voltage, indicating the presence of Coulomb blockade effects due to isolated ferromagnetic nanoparticles in the parallel configuration in the ADBMTJ. The oscillation period is about 1.5 mV at 2 K.
Profit-Based Short-Term Hydro Scheduling considering Head-Dependent Power Generation

This paper is on the problem of short-term hydro scheduling, particularly concerning head-dependent reservoirs under competitive environment. We propose a method, based on nonlinear programming, for optimizing power generation efficiency. The proposed method considers not only that the hydroelectric power generation is a function of the water discharge and of the head, but also that the maximum power generation is head-dependent. Numerical results based on a realistic cascaded hydro system illustrate the proficiency of the proposed method.
Thermally robust high quality HfN/HfO/sub 2/ gate stack for advanced CMOS devices

We report for the first time a thermally stable and high quality HfN/HfO/sub 2/ gate stack for advanced CMOS applications. Due to the superior oxygen diffusion barrier of HfN as well as the thermal stability of the HfN/HfO/sub 2/ interface, the EOT of the HfN/HfO/sub 2/ gate stack has been successfully scaled down to less than 10/spl Aring/ with excellent leakage, boron penetration immunity, and long-term reliability, even after 1000/spl deg/C RTA treatment for 20 s, without using surface nitridation prior to HfO/sub 2/ deposition. The mobility is improved significantly for devices without surface nitridation. Negligible change in both EOT and the work function of the HfN/HfO/sub 2/ gate stack are observed after 1000/spl deg/C RTA.
An Analysis of Local and Immigrant Entrepreneurs in South Africa’s SME Sector

This study was undertaken to investigate the motivation, intention, culture and business performance of South African and immigrant entrepreneurs in the small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) sector. The effect of these factors on entrepreneurship was assessed. This was necessitated by the continued low competitive ranking and poor performance of South African entrepreneurs compared to other nationals in studies such as the GEM reports. Questionnaire was used to collect data through interviewer and administrated and a self-administered survey from 500 SMMEs and 93% questionnaires were returned. The results of the study showed that there is no significant difference between motivation to start a business and the origin of the sampled SMME owners in the retail industry of Gauteng province. The results show that a significant difference does not exist between the owner’s origin and culture. This implies that the variable “origin of owner(s)” is not a determining factor in one’s culture to start a business. Results also showed that there is no significant difference between the mean scores of the origin of the owner and business performance. This implies that the performance of business is not informed by whether the owner is local or foreign. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014. v5n9p189
Cellular Scaling Rules for the Brains of Marsupials: Not as “Primitive” as Expected

In the effort to understand the evolution of mammalian brains, we have found that common relationships between brain structure mass and numbers of nonneuronal (glial and vascular) cells apply across eutherian mammals, but brain structure mass scales differently with numbers of neurons across structures and across primate and nonprimate clades. This suggests that the ancestral scaling rules for mammalian brains are those shared by extant nonprimate eutherians - but do these scaling relationships apply to marsupials, a sister group to eutherians that diverged early in mammalian evolution? Here we examine the cellular composition of the brains of 10 species of marsupials. We show that brain structure mass scales with numbers of nonneuronal cells, and numbers of cerebellar neurons scale with numbers of cerebral cortical neurons, comparable to what we have found in eutherians. These shared scaling relationships are therefore indicative of mechanisms that have been conserved since the first therians. In contrast, while marsupials share with nonprimate eutherians the scaling of cerebral cortex mass with number of neurons, their cerebella have more neurons than nonprimate eutherian cerebella of a similar mass, and their rest of brain has fewer neurons than eutherian structures of a similar mass. Moreover, Australasian marsupials exhibit ratios of neurons in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum over the rest of the brain, comparable to artiodactyls and primates. Our results suggest that Australasian marsupials have diverged from the ancestral Theria neuronal scaling rules, and support the suggestion that the scaling of average neuronal cell size with increasing numbers of neurons varies in evolution independently of the allocation of neurons across structures.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin, Üniversite ve Fakülte Kavramlarına İlişkin Metaforları (İnönü Üniversitesi Örneği)

Bu arastirmanin temel amaci universite ogrencilerinin universite ve fakulte kavramlarina iliskin dusuncelerinin gelistirdikleri metaforlar araciligiyla incelenmesidir. Bu amacla Inonu Universitesinde 2010-2011 egitim-ogretim yilinda kayitli lisans ogrencilerine uygulanan, acik uclu sorularin yer aldigi formlar araciligiyla universite kavramina iliskin 210, fakulte kavramina iliskin 202 adet farkli metafor elde edilmistir. Elde edilen veriler once olumlu ve olumsuz kategorilere ayrilmistir. Metaforlar olumlu kategoride dokuz, olumsuz kategoride bes temada gruplandirilmistir. Arastirmanin bulgulari ozetle soyledir: Universite ogrencilerinin, universite ve fakulte kavramlarina iliskin sahip olduklari metaforlar incelendiginde, buyuk bir kisminin universite ve fakultelerinin olumlu yonlerine vurgu yapan metaforlar oldugudur. Arastirmanin bir baska bulgusu, universiteye iliskin metaforlar temalara ayrilip incelendiginde en cok yigilmanin degisme/gelisme yeri olarak universite ile benzerliklerin/farkliliklarin bulustugu yer olarak universite temalarinda oldugudur. Bunun yani sira en az metafor iceren temanin ozgurlukleri saglayan yer olarak universite temasinin olmasi da dikkat cekicidir. Ozgurlukleri saglayan yer olarak fakulte temasi altinda ifade edilebilecek sadece iki metafor uretilmistir. Universitenin nasil bir yer olmasi gerektigi dikkate alindiginda bu son bulgu dikkate degerdir.
Process Aspects and Social Dynamics of Contemporary Code Review : Insights from Open Source Development as well as Industrial Practice at Microsoft

Many open source and commercial developers practice contemporary code review, a lightweight, informal, tool-based code review process. To better understand this process and its benefits, we gathered information about code review practices via surveys of open source software developers and developers from Microsoft. The results of our analysis suggest that developers spend approximately 10-15% of their time in code reviews, with the amount of effort increasing with experience. Developers consider code review important, stating that in addition to finding defects, code reviews offer other benefits, including knowledge sharing, community building, and maintaining code quality. The quality of the code submitted for review helps reviewers form impressions about their teammates, which can influence future collaborations. We found a large amount of similarity between the Microsoft and OSS respondents. One interesting difference is that while OSS respondents view code review as an important method of impression formation, Microsoft respondents found knowledge dissemination to be more important. Finally, we found little difference between distributed and co-located Microsoft teams. Based on our findings, three key areas that warrant focused research are: 1) exploring the non-technical benefits of code reviews, 2) helping developers in articulating review comments, and 3) assisting reviewers’ program comprehension during code reviews.
Social service robots in public and private environments

Research on service robots especially for health care or home assistant has been in growing interest during last decades. New solutions are needed to assist elderly people and personnel working in elderly houses or in hospitals. Demographic change as the population is aging will affect in other service domains as well. In the current paper, we describe a scalable service robot system designed for elderly people in private home environments but also for visitors in public environments in restaurants and expos. The designed system is consisting of Robosoft's Kompai service robot with a service menu with multimodal interaction methods.
Anti-Diabetic Medications and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Anti-diabetic medications (ADM) may modify colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, evaluating the effect of metformin, thiazolidinediones (TZD), sulfonylureas and insulin on CRC risk in diabetic patients. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of multiple bibliographic databases, up to September 2012, for articles which evaluated exposure to metformin, TZD, sulfonylureas and insulin, reported CRC risk in patients with DM, and reported odds ratio (OR) or provided data for their estimation. Summary OR estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using random-effects model. Results: Fifteen studies reporting 13,871 cases of CRC in 840,787 patients with DM were included. Meta-analysis of observational studies showed an 11% reduction in CRC risk associated with metformin use (n=9 studies; OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.99), whereas TZD use was not associated with CRC risk (n=5 studies; OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.87-1.05). Conversely, a trend towards higher CRC risk was observed with sulfonylurea (n=7 studies; OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.97-1.26) and insulin (n=9 studies; OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.91-1.94) use, although these associations were not statistically significant. There was considerable heterogeneity across studies, partly explained by study location and adjustment for concomitant use of other ADM. Post-hoc analysis of randomized controlled trials did not reveal any significant association between ADM and CRC risk. Conclusions: Meta-analysis of published studies supports a protective association between metformin use and CRC risk in patients with DM, Impact: Clinical trials of chemopreventive effect of metformin against CRC are warranted. on June 4, 2017. © 2013 American Association for Cancer Research. cebp.aacrjournals. org Downloaded from Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on September 16, 2013; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0429
Use and Attitude on Herbal Medicine in a Group of Pregnant Women in Tehran

Background: While the use of herbal medicines is common in Tehran, there is scant data regarding various aspects of the use of such medicines during pregnancy. Objective: The frequency of the use of herbal medicines in a group of pregnant women in Tehran and their attitude to the use of such medicines were evaluated. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 600 pregnant women were studied. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to explore the demographic and pregnancy related data, the extent of use of the herbal medicines, the subjects' sources of information and their attitude regarding such medicines. The data were analyzed using student t- and chi-square tests. Logistic regression was used to determine the predicting factors. Results: 402 (67%) participants had used at least one type of herbal medicine during their current or previous pregnancies, with a mean of 2.71 ± 1.94 herbs per individual. Two commonly used herbs were peppermint (32.8%) and olibanum (26.3%). Maternal and Gestational age, family size, children number, frequency of having medical insurance and positive attitude in users were significantly higher than non-users (P values were 0.02, 0.02, 0.001, <0.001, 0.04 and <0.001 respectively). The score of attitude was the only predictor for taking herbal medicine with the odds ratio 0.89 (95% confidence interval: 0.86-0.92) of logistic regression model for negative attitude. Conclusions: Considering the high frequency of herbal medicine use during pregnancy, pregnant women need appropriate sources of information about these medicines. Further, health care providers should ask pregnant women about taking herbal medicines.
Differences between family and non-family SMEs: A comparative study of Australia and Belgium

Abstract This study attempts to further the development of family business theory by providing a more detailed understanding of the differences between family and non-family firms' profitability, growth, exporting and networking behaviour. Utilising data from 2190 Australian SMEs, the study compares the Australian experience of differences between family and non-family firms with those found among Belgium firms. The Australian results are consistent with the growth and some of the networking behaviour found among Belgium firms, but not with their profitability and exporting behaviour. The study's findings support the contentions that the differences between family and non-family firms may be less than many earlier studies have indicated and that industry differences and cross-national differences in corporate governance environments may lead to variances in these differences. It also demonstrates that the underlying theoretical rationale for a number of predicted differences between family and non-family firms appears flawed. These findings indicate that new empirical studies that control for context are urgently needed to ensure the scholarly literature on family businesses is not being built on false assumptions. They also indicate that studies designed to explain differences in the family/non-family business relationship between industries and nations may lead to advances in family business theory.
Experimental study of consolidation properties of unsaturated soils during draining

Changes in groundwater elevation may cause a change in the net normal stress and matric potential within the soil mass, which results in volume changes of unsaturated soil. This research investigated the relationship between the drawdown of groundwater and the characteristics of volumetric compressibility of unsaturated soil. Sand column experiments were designed and conducted to measure the volume changes of coarse and fine sands under different types of drainage conditions at fast and slow drainage rates. The finite element program FEMWATER was calibrated and used to simulate the distributions of stress, tension and moisture content within the sands. Finally, based on the changes of net normal stress and matric potential and the observed volume change of the sands, a least‐square method was applied to determine the volumetric consolidation parameters of the unsaturated soils. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ABA biosynthesis defective mutants reduce some free amino acids accumulation under drought stress in tomato leaves in comparison with Arabidopsis plants tissues

The ability of plants to tolerate drought conditions is crucial for plant survival and crop production worldwide. The present data confirm previous findings reported existence of a strong relation between abscisic acid (ABA) content and amino acid accumulation as response water stress which is one of the most important defense mechanism activated during water stress in many plant species. Therefore, free amino acids were measured to determine any changes in the metabolite pool in relation to ABA content. The ABA defective mutants of Arabidopsis plants were subjected to leaf dehydration for Arabidopsis on Whatman 3 mm filter paper at room temperature while, tomato mutant plants were subjected to drought stresses for tomato plants by withholding water. To understand the signal transduction mechanisms underlying osmotic stress-regulating gene induction and activation of osmoprotectant free amino acid synthesizing genes, we carried out a genetic screen to isolate Arabidopsis mutants defective in ABA biosynthesis under drought stress conditions. The present results revealed an accumulation of specific free amino acid in water stressed tissues in which majority of free amino acids are increased especially those playing an osmoprotectant role such as proline and glycine. Drought stress related Amino acids contents are significantly reduced in the mutants under water stress condition while they are increased significantly in the wild types plants. The exhibited higher accumulation of other amino acids under stressed condition in the mutant plants suggest that, their expressions are regulated in an ABA independent pathways. In addition, free amino acids content changes during water stress condition suggest their contribution in drought toleration as common compatible osmolytes.
An adaptive anomaly threshold in artificial dendrite cell algorithm

The dendrite cell algorithm (DCA) relies on the multi-context antigen value (MCAV) to determine the abnormality of a record by comparing it with anomaly threshold.In practice, the threshold is pre-determined before mining based on previous information and the existing MCAV is inefficient when expose to extreme values.This causes the DCA fails to detect unlabeled data if the new pattern distinct from previous information and reduces the detection accuracy.This paper proposed an adaptive anomaly threshold for DCA using the statistical cumulative sum (CUSUM) with the aim to improve its detection capability.In the proposed approach, the MCAV were normalized with upper CUSUM and the new anomaly threshold was calculated during run time by considering the acceptance value and min MCAV.From the experiments towards 12 datasets, the new version of DCA generated a better detection result than its previous version in term of sensitivity, specificity, false detection rate, and accuracy.
Language Contact and Morphosyntactic Complexity: Evidence from German

The article focuses on the hypothesis that the structural complexity of languages is variable and historically changeable. By means of a quantitative statistical analysis of naturalistic corpus data, the question is raised as to what role language contact and adult second language acquisition play in the simplification and complexification of language varieties. The results confirm that there is a significant correlation between intensity of contact and linguistic complexity, while at the same time showing that there is a need to consider other social factors, and, in particular, the attitude of a speech community toward linguistic norms. *
Recurrence Equations for the Probability Distribution of Sample Configurations in Exact Population Genetics Models

Recurrence equations for the number of types and the frequency of each type in a random sample drawn from a finite population undergoing discrete, nonoverlapping generations and reproducing according to the Cannings exchangeable model are deduced under the assumption of a mutation scheme with infinitely many types. The case of overlapping generations in discrete time is also considered. The equations are developed for the Wright-Fisher model and the Moran model, and extended to the case of the limit coalescent with nonrecurrent mutation as the population size goes to ∞ and the mutation rate to 0. Computations of the total variation distance for the distribution of the number of types in the sample suggest that the exact Moran model provides a better approximation for the sampling formula under the exact Wright-Fisher model than the Ewens sampling formula in the limit of the Kingman coalescent with nonrecurrent mutation. On the other hand, this model seems to provide a good approximation for a Λ-coalescent with nonrecurrent mutation as long as the probability of multiple mergers and the mutation rate are small enough.
Training of Verbal Working Memory at Sentence Level Fails to Show Transfer

During the past decades, working memory (WM) training has attracted considerable research attention, but its transfer to untrained tasks is still controversial. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated the possible transfer effects of a novel sentence-level WM training regime. Sixty-eight healthy Finnish adults were randomized into either a WM training group or an active control group. The WM training group practiced for four weeks with two adaptive sentence-level WM training tasks, namely a novel sentence-level updating task and a reading span task. The active control group practiced on a quiz task that called for long-term memory but did not load on WM. There were no statistically significant training effects on the pre-post measures of near and far transfer. We suggest that the lack of training effects may reflect the specificity and automaticity of the sentence processing system.
Difficulties with Mandarin Tones : Learners ’ Perspectives and Speech Data Analysis

This study investigates beginning level adult Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL) learners’ difficulties with Mandarin Chinese tones. Twenty CFL learners enrolled in a first semester CFL course in a U.S. university participated as speakers. Their productions of Mandarin phrases and sentences were judged by native Mandarin listeners for pronunciation and tone problems and were also rated by native Mandarin listeners. A post course survey questionnaire was also analyzed to investigate the learners’ learning experience and their perception of difficulties with Mandarin pronunciation and tones. Results suggest the speakers’ productions of Mandarin phrases and sentences were judged to be most problematic with tones. Learners also reported tones to be the most difficult aspect in learning Chinese at initial stage of learning.