Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REPETITIVE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND THE INCIDENCE OF ARTHRITIC CHANGES IN THE LOWER LIMBS G. MANN1,2, N. WEEG3, I. HETSRONI1,2, O. MEI-DAN1, M. NYSKA1 and L. CANATA4,5

In order to evaluate the impact of physical activity, especially continuous activity such as walking, cycling or running, on the lower limb joints, we reviewed nearly one hundred articles reporting the various aspects and different research angles on this topic. The sources were divided into five categories: those claiming damage, those which are not conclusive, those claiming no damage, reviews as well as animal studies. Overall the material shows only borderline evidence that High Impact Sports Activity will damage a normal joint which has not previously suffered injury or an anatomic variation and which does not present a genetic fault. In cases presenting with osteoarthritis, single or recurrent injuries, which have gone unobserved, have often occurred previously. The evidence that continuous Non-High Impact Physical Activity like walking, cycling or running could damage a joint with no prior anatomical damage and which does not suffer a biomechanical or genetic fault, is weak and not convincing, while literature supporting no damaging effect or even improvement of the joint structure is far more persuasive and abundant. This evidence observed in human subjects and in animal models, is still stronger in animal studies than in research performed with human subjects. The safest activity, it seems, is gradual and graded activity with no exploding force, not extreme and which is not irregular for the individual trainee. The advantages of physical activity to general health as well as to the musculoskeletal system seem to strongly outdo its potential risks.
Fixation of Spinal Implants

Sandén, B. 2001. Fixation of spinal implants. Clinical and experimental studies on the effects of hydroxyapatite coating. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 1085, 52 pp. Uppsala ISBN 91-554-5137-3 Loosening of implants is a frequent complication in orthopaedic surgery. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate hydroxyapatite coating of pedicle screws with mechanical and histological methods and to correlate the results with the radiological findings. Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating of pedicle screws was investigated in experimental studies in sheep. Nine sheep were operated on with destabilising laminectomies at L2-L3 and L4-L5 and stabilised with pedicle screw instrumentations, where HA coated and uncoated screws were used in a randomised fashion. After both 6 and 12 weeks of implantation, the HA coated screws demonstrated a higher bone-to-implant contact and a higher amount of bone in the area close to the screw. The pull-out resistance, stiffness and total energy to failure was higher for the HA coated screws after 12 weeks of implantation. HA coating of pedicle screws was examined in two clinical studies. In the first series, the patients were stabilised with pedicle screw instrumentations, where HA coated screws were used in either the upper or lower instrumented level in a randomised fashion. After 10-22 months of implantation, the extraction torque was markedly higher for the HA coated screws. In the second series, instrumentations with uncoated, partly HA coated or fully HA coated screws were used. After 11-16 months implantation, the extraction torques were recorded. There were significant differences between all three groups, with the lowest extraction torques for the uncoated screws and the highest torques for the fully HA coated screws. The frequency of radiolucent zones surrounding the screws was higher for the uncoated screws than for the HA coated screws. Radiographs from both experimental and clinical studies were examined. Screws demonstrating radiolucent zones were compared to screws without zones with respect to pull-out resistance, extraction torque, bone-to-implant contact and amount of bone surrounding the screws. All these variables demonstrated higher values for the screws without radiolucent zones. The frequency of radiolucent zones surrounding uncoated screws in the clinical study was 53%. Conclusions: Radiolucent zones are good predictors of screw loosening. The frequency of radiolucent zones is higher than previously described. Hydroxyapatite coating improves the purchase of pedicle screws and reduces the frequency of screw loosening.
A SUFFICIENT CONDITION FOR THE EXCHANGE PRINCIPLE IN MULTICOMPONENT CONVECTION PROBLEM IN COMPLETELY CONFINED FLUIDS

The multicomponent instability problem for fluid completely confined in an arbitrary region with rigid bounding surfaces is considered. A sufficient condition for the validity of the exchange principle is derived, which to the best of our knowledge does not appear to have been reported in the literature on multicomponent convection with the same degree of generality. The result has its importance due to the reason that no numerical computation is possible for the approximations of the solutions in case of arbitrary boundaries.
Measurements of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ( PAH ) bioaccessibility MEASUREMENTS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON ( PAH ) BIOACCESSIBILITY AND THEIR USE IN THE ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN HEALTH RISK

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a group of chemicals that are formed during the incomplete combustion of organic substances (e.g. coal, oil, gas, wood, rubbish, etc). They are found throughout the environment in the air (attached to dust particles), water, and soil. There are more than 100 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which generally occur as complex mixtures not as single compounds, and the health effects of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons differ. With respect to human health risk, the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons typically analysed for are: acenaphthene (ACE), acenaphthylene (ACY), anthracene (ANTH), benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbFLN), benzo(g,h,i)perylene (BghiP), Benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkFN), chrysene (CHR), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DBahA), fluoranthene (FLN), fluorene (FLR), indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IPY), naphthalene (NPH), phenathrene (PHN) and pyrene (PYR). These are often referred to as the USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Under current UK waste regulations this list is extended to include coronene. Generally more is understood about these 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and there is a greater chance that you will be exposed to them. They are thought to be the more harmful of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and exhibit harmful effects that are representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a group.
REITs : A Study of Macroeconomic Effects on Liquidity

In this research, we investigate the macroeconomic effects on REIT liquidity. We focus on the pricing of liquidity. We apply cross-section tests to obtain monthly prices of liquidity of REITs and examine the effects of macroeconomic factors on REIT liquidity. Our results show that the change in crude oil prices has overall significant contemporaneous effects on the price of liquidity for REITs. Also, the default premium and term premium show significant contemporaneous powers on REIT liquidity when the economy is in recession. Changes in inflation rates present the strongest results among all the macroeconomic factors, giving us statistically significant predictive power on the pricing of REIT liquidity when the economy is in a recessionary state. Additionally, our results suggest evidence that the pricing of REIT liquidity is time-varying and can be partially explained by business cycles. This Version: March 25, 2011 Corresponding author: College of Business, Department of Finance, Cincinnati, OH 45221 Email: lur@mail.uc. edu We would like to thank Hui Guo, Mike Ferguson, Brian Hatch and Steve Slezak for their comments and suggestions. All errors are ours.
Financial distress in Brazilian banks: an early warning model*,**

is study aims to propose an early warning model for predicting nancial distress events in Brazilian banking institutions. Initially, a set of economicnancial indicators is evaluated, suggested by the risk management literature for identifying situations of bank insolvency and exclusively taking public information into account. For this, multivariate logistic regressions are performed, using as independent variables nancial indicators involving capital adequacy, asset quality, management quality, earnings, and liquidity. e empirical analysis was based on a sample of 142 nancial institutions, including privately and publicly held and state-owned companies, using monthly data from 2006 to 2014, which resulted in panel data with 12,136 observations. In the sample window there were nine cases of Brazilian Central Bank intervention or mergers and acquisitions motivated by nancial distress. e results were evaluated based on the estimation of the in-sample parameters, out-of-sample tests, and the early warning model signs for a 12-month forecast horizon. ese obtained true positive rates of 81%, 94%, and 89%, respectively. We conclude that typical balance-sheet indicators are relevant for the early warning signs of nancial distress in Brazilian banks, which contributes to the literature on nancial intermediary credit risk, especially from the perspective of bank supervisory agencies acting towards nancial stability.
Bayesian Modeling of Neighborhood Competition in Uneven-Aged Mixed-Species

Competition among individual trees is a fundamental structuring feature of uneven-aged mixed-species stands. We developed a Bayesian model for neighborhood competition in uneven-aged mixed-species stands, in which the interspecific variability in competitive impact is explicitly represented. We used data from 16 permanent plots in the University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, where the diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees has been repeatedly measured and mapped. To analyze the competitive effect of neighboring trees, we used the “Neighboring Competition Index,”an index in which the competitive effect of neighboring trees is predicted as a function of its DBH, distance from the target tree, and its species. Among three alternative models, a model that represented the interspecific variability to have a common mean value using hierarchical parameter structure exerted the lowest DIC (a criterion for model selection), followed by a model that represented it to be independent. The estimated interspecific variability was smaller than previously reported, in that we found only three out of 39 species were considered to have a significant difference from other species. Our results showed that although there is clear evidence for interspecific variability, the species-specific effects are not independent of one another, but rather have some similarity. Our results provide a novel approach for efficiently predicting the complex competition in uneven-aged mixed-species stands. Received August 1, 2012; Accepted November 19, 2012 ∗ University of Tokyo, Japan 192 Tatsumi, S. , Owari, T. , Ohkawa, A. & Nakagawa, Y.
Upgrades to the boundary layer scheme in the Met Office NWP model

Recent upgrades to the boundary layer scheme in the Met Office operational global Numerical Weather Prediction model are documented. These comprise a reduction in turbulent mixing in stable conditions over the sea, the inclusion of non-local momentum mixing in convective conditions, and changes to surface scalar transfer over the sea. The dependence of low-level winds on changing stability is shown to have been significantly improved. The drag changes are also found to have some beneficial impacts on the large-scale flow.
Gravity model analysis of globalization process in transition economies

The globalization process develops itself differently for each transition country. Likewise, implementation of reforms and their impacts on trade relations show variety among countries. The article focuses on five countries (Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Ukraine). It considers how the factors (the size of the economy, the ratio of the price index of the countries, common borders on the sea or on land, distance between the states and the existence of common currency) have affected the export trade volume with trading partners during 1996-2017. The main methodology of the article is formed around the gravity model, which suggests that trade relations between countries can be explained by their economic size and the distance between states’ financial centres. The findings show that such factors still play a significant role, but logistic problems became much weaker during the last years. It is necessary to note the influence of the Industry 4.0, which intensifies the service of the economy and introduces new adjustments to the allegedly established Received: December, 2018 1st Revision: February, 2019 Accepted: April, 2019 DOI: 10.14254/20718330.2019/12-2/21 Journal of International Studies S ci en ti fi c P a pe rs © Foundation of International Studies, 2019 © CSR, 2019 Andriy Stavytskyy, Ganna Kharlamova, Vincentas Giedraitis, Ezgi Ceylan Sengul Gravity model analysis of globalization process in transition economies
Working Paper 09 / 01 The importance of track record for US corporate bond issuers : Some new evidence

What influence does track record have on the probability that a firm will issue public bonds? Using a simple two-period static model we motivate our empirical study of bond issuance decisions in the United States, controlling for various sources of thirdparty certification of quality that can assist access to markets. After isolating seasoned issuers with high and sustained market implied bond ratings from other types of firms, we find that these firms firms are 20 per cent more likely to issue a bond than other firms. This suggests firms may have an incentive to invest in their track record in order to improve market access and lower their cost of finance. JEL classification: E44, G31, G32
Factors determining species richness patterns of breeding birds along an elevational gradient in the Horn of Africa region

Abstract Aim To document the species richness patterns of breeding birds along elevational gradients and explore its drivers in the Horn of Africa region. Location Horn of Africa region. Taxon Breeding birds. Methods Distributional data for breeding birds were collected. Elevational distribution data were extracted, interpolated, and assembled for all birds, passerines, and nonpasserines. In order to tease apart how different environmental factors contributed to the variation in species richness, we found it is necessary to divide the area into four subregions with different climatic regimes and topographic structure, namely western slope, eastern slope, wet side, and dry side. Then, the species richness in each 100‐m elevational band was counted along the elevational gradients of each subregion. Pearson's correlation analyses and ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions were used to examine the relationships between species richness and factors. Results The variation in species richness followed hump‐shaped patterns for all subregions, although with peak values at different elevations. The bird species groups on the western and eastern slopes showed low and high plateaus with mid‐elevation peaks, respectively, but very low species diversities at the highest elevations. Species richness was significantly correlated with temperature range and productivity in each subregion. The temperature range, area, and productivity explained 82% of the species richness variations for all birds on the western slope. Main conclusions The separate analyses of four area subdivisions provide strong indications of how various factors interact. Productivity and temperature range were the major driving factors for shaping the richness patterns, but deviations from expected patterns suggest modifying roles of mist formation zones in the valleys that deeply intersect the large highlands in the west and rich riparian vegetation where water from cool and humid environments at high elevation reaches lower elevations in the arid east. Conservation is recommended in each subregion based on the elevational richness scenarios.
Clinical Study Dual Approach Using Vitrectorhexis Combined with Anterior Vitrectomy in Pediatric Cataract Surgery

Purpose. To evaluate efficacy and safety of vitrectorhexis method for both anterior and posterior capsules combined with anterior vitrectomy in children with cataract. Methods. A retrospective chart review was performed for 19 children with cataract operated at a tertiary referral center. Dual approach including anterior and posterior segments was used during the surgery in terms of capsulotomy, intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, and anterior vitrectomy. Results. A total of 23 eyes of 19 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the children was 39.4 ± 2.2months (5–78). The mean postoperative followup duration was 20.6 ± 7.8 months (3–32). Intraoperative tear was observed only in one of 23 (4.3%) eyes during anterior capsulotomy. All of the patients had a clear visual axis and showed no IOL decentration. Conclusions. Dual approach using vitrectorhexis and anterior vitrectomy is an easy-to-perform technique that seems safe and effective in the short term for younger children.
Exploring the Impact of Internet Addiction on Academic Engagement: A Preliminary Study on Undergraduates

Previous studies have routinely reported negative associations between Internet addiction and academic performance. However the ways in which such addictive Internet use disrupts student learning has not been researched in detail. For one, not much is known about the effect of Internet addiction on students‟ engagement with their studies. This preliminary study explores the impact of Internet addiction on three aspects of academic engagement namely dedication, absorption and vigor among university students, a population segment that has high propensity of developing Internet addiction. Data was collected from 175 undergraduates in a public university in Malaysia through selfadministered questionnaires. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The analysis revealed that the measurement items used in this study were psychometrically valid and reliable. The analysis also showed that Internet addiction has a significant, negative impact on vigor. Interestingly, Internet addiction was not found to have any impact on dedication and absorption. The implications of the findings are accordingly discussed along with some suggestions for future research.
Crude garlic extract effect on the growth of mycelia, germination of zoospores and sporangia and time of application on the infection of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary of potato under controlled conditions in Ethiopia

The experiments were carried out at Holetta, Ethiopia, Agricultural Research Center laboratory and green house conditions in 2004 crop season. The effects of 0.5 % 2 %, 4 %, 6 % and 8 % concentrations of crude garlic extract and 0.1% fungicide Dithane M 45 (as positive control) and 0 % concentration (as negative control) on the inhibition of the growth of mycelia, germination of zoospore and sporangia of Phytophthora infestans were studied. In addition, the effect of time of applications of 2 % garlic extract on pathogen infection was tested on potato variety Awash in the greenhouse. Results of these studies provided evidence that all concentrations significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the growth of the mycelia compared to the control and the tested concentrations showed highly significant difference (p<0.001) on percent inhibition and germination of zoospores and sporangia compared to the negative control treatment. The 2 % garlic crude extracts showed curative effect on the development of P. infestans when it was applied at a time and one day before inoculation.
1 Adjectives and Specificity

In recent studies, such as Jacob (2003), Demonte (2008) it has been claimed that in Romance languages (e.g. Spanish), prenominal adjectives signal a [+specific] reading of the containing DP. In this paper, we address the same problem with respect to Romanian prenominal adjectives. The following claims will be defended in this paper: a) The [+specific] reading is just one of the possible interpretations of prenominal adjectives. b) Not all prenominal adjectives, however, impose specific interpretations. There is a class of prenominal adjectives which do not convey “an anchoring of the referent with respect to either the speaker or some other participant”. This is the case of prenominal adjectives in generic sentences. c) The prenominal space is not homogeneous, accommodating generic (taxonomic), as well as specific readings, but prenominal adjectives represent a unitary class, by virtue of other semantic properties (mode of semantic combination, modal, quantificational features).
Secular Trends in the Incidence of Male Reproductive Disorders

Male reproductive health has deteriorated in many countries during the last few decades. In the 1990s, declining semen quality has been reported from Belgium, Denmark, France, and Great Britain. The incidence of testicular cancer has increased during the same time. Incidences of hypospadias and cryptorchidism also appear to be increasing. Similar reproductive problems occur in many wildlife species. There are marked geographic differences in the prevalence of male reproductive disorders. While the reasons for these differences are currently unknown, both clinical and laboratory research suggest that the adverse changes may be inter-related and have a common origin in fetal life or childhood. Exposure of the male fetus to supranormal levels of estrogens, such as diethlylstilbestrol, can result in the above-mentioned reproductive defects. The growing number of reports demonstrating that common environmental contaminants and natural factors possess estrogenic activity presents the working hypothesis that the adverse trends in male reproductive health may be, at least in part, associated with exposure to estrogenic or other hormonally active (e.g., antiandrogenic) environmental chemicals during fetal and childhood development. An extensive research program is needed to understand the extent of the problem, its underlying etiology, and the development of a strategy for prevention and intervention. -Environ Health Perspect 104(Suppl 4):741-803 (1996)
Knowledge of nursing students on dysthanasia Conhecimentos de estudantes de enfermagem sobre distanásia Conocimientos de estudiantes de enfermería acerca de la distanasia

Objective: to evaluate the knowledge of nursing students about the dysthanasia as a process of human intervention in terminally ill patients. Methods: a qualitative study with 28 nursing students from a public higher education institution. Data analysis of the interviews was through thematic content analysis. Results: it was found that most students do not understand the meaning of dysthanasia, though living with situations involving this practice in their training. Those who defined the term described it as the excessive prolongation of life or death suffered from much pain, aggressive treatment that only prolongs the process of dying. Conclusion: it was evidenced that nursing students have insufficient knowledge of the dysthanasia and it is necessary to broaden the discussion spaces during the graduate course and conduct studies on the subject relating it to the death and dying process, for the preparation of future health professionals. Descriptors: Students, Nursing; Knowledge; Medical Futility; Terminal Care; Death.