Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Origins of the Exchange-Bias Phenomenology, Coercivity Enhancement, and Asymmetric Hysteretic Shearing in Core-Surface Smart Nanoparticles

We have used a spin-1 Ising model Hamiltonian with dipolar (bilinear, ), quadrupolar (biquadratic, ), and dipolar-quadrupolar (odd, ) interactions in pair approximation to investigate the exchange-bias (EB), coercive field, and asymmetric hysteretic shearing properties peculiar to core/surface ( ) composite nanoparticles (NPs). Shifted hysteresis loops with an asymmetry and coercivity enhancement are observed only in the presence of the odd interaction term in the Hamiltonian expression and their magnitudes show strong dependence on the value of . The observed coercivity and EB in NPs originated from nonzero odd coupling energies and their dependence on temperature ( ) and particle size ( ) are also discussed in relation to experimental findings.
Ability-Tracking, Instructional Time, and Better Pedagogy: The Effect of Double-Dose Algebra on Student Achievement

This paper provides new evidence on tracking by studying an innovative curriculum implemented by Chicago Public Schools (CPS). In 2003, CPS enacted a double-dose algebra policy requiring 9th grade students with 8th grade math scores below the national median to take two periods of algebra instead of one. This policy led schools to sort students into algebra classes by math ability, so that tracking increased in all algebra classes. We show that double-dosed students are exposed to a much lower-skilled group of peers in their algebra classes but nonetheless benefit substantially from the additional instructional time and improved pedagogy.
Menstrual Suppression Using Oral Contraceptives by Female Hajj Pilgrims

Introduction: The pilgrimage to Ka’beh (God’s house in Mecca) is a special opportunity in the life of most Muslims. Female pilgrims try to postpone menstruation during the pilgrimage by taking hormonal medicines. However, women are seen in this disorder. This paper aimed to determine the frequency of menstrual disorders and related factors among female pilgrims of Umrah Mufradah in 2012.Methods: This study was a descriptive type, the population of which comprised 400 female Iranian pilgrims aged 15-50 years who were selected through random cluster sampling from Umrah caravans. Data was collected with a questionnaire developed by the researchers that contained questions about menstrual disorders. The questionnaire was distributed among participants at their hotels three days prior to their return to Iran.Results: Among all the participants, 98.7% of them reported taking pills to suppress menstruation. Of this group, 74.7% successfully prevented menstruation, 26% reported spotting, and 11.6% reported menstruation. There was no significant difference between consumption of medicine and factors such as marital status, city, and educational background of the individuals. Participants reported that spotting and menstruation caused them to experience stress and anxiety when performing Umrah rituals.Conclusion: Experiencing menstrual disorders during pilgrimage can be stressful for pilgrims. To reduce such problems, counseling sessions on menstruation postponement as part of the justification classes before departing for Hajj and compiling an equal and coordinated nationwide protocol seem necessary.
Spectroscopic parameters and rest frequencies of isotopic methylidynium, CH+

Context. Astronomical observations toward Sagittarius B2(M) as well as other sources with APEX have recently suggested that the rest frequency of the J = 1-0 transitions of 13 CH + is too low by about 80 MHz. Aims. Improved rest frequencies of isotopologs of methylidynium should be derived to support analyses of spectral recording obtained with the ongoing Herschel mission or the upcoming SOFIA. Methods. Laboratory electronic spectra of four isotopologs of CH + have been subjected to one global least-squares fit. Laboratory data for the J = 1-0 ground state rotational transitions of CH + , 13 CH + , and CD + , which became available during the refereeing process, have been included in the fit as well. Results. An accurate set of spectroscopic parameters has been obtained together with equilibrium bond lengths and accurate rest frequencies for six CH + isotopologs: CH + , 13 CH + , 13 CD + , CD + , 14 CH + , and CT + . Conclusions. The present data will be useful for the analyses of Herschel or SOFIA observations of methylidynium isotopic species.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS ABOUT THE INFLUENCE OF INAPPROPRIATE SHAPE OF THE CROSS-SECTION OF MICROCHANNELS IN LAMINAR FLOW

In the past decades, several experimental investigations performed to the hydrodynamics and heat transfer in microscale laminar flow have showed divergences to the Darcy friction factor and the Poiseuille and Nusselt numbers, when the results obtained for the same ones were compared to those provided by classical theory. There are reports of deviations to the Darcy friction factor and the Poiseuille and Nusselt numbers attributed to geometric imperfections at the cross-section of the microchannels. The aim of this numerical study is to analyze how the hydrodynamic and heat transfer characteristics in single-phase laminar flow, of a fluid with constant thermophysical properties, can be affected by imperfections at the cross-section of the microchannels. The results obtained for single-phase laminar flow of water in microchannels with imperfections at the cross-section are compared to those obtained for a geometrically perfect microchannel through Poiseuille and Nusselt numbers. Deviations at Poiseuille and Nusselt numbers due to imperfections at the cross-section of the microchannels were verified. The results showed that Nusselt number is more sensitive to shape of the cross-section of the microchannels than Poiseuille number. This study showed that knowledge about the geometrical shape of the cross-section of the microchannels is important to determine properly the hydrodynamic parameters of the flow, such as Poiseuille number. This study was carried out through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the numerical model made up by mass conservation, Navier-Stokes and energy equations.
Comparison between Digital Image Processing and Spectrophotometric Measurements Methods. Application in Electrophoresis Interpretation

Background: Spectrophotometer is a very common instrument in various scientific fields and gives accurate information about light absorbance and transmittance through materials using monochromatic light source. Though, devices used in spectrophotometry can be quite expensive, using components with high technical specifications and the procedure itself is time consuming. Regular digital image acquisition instruments like scanners and cameras on the other hand uses very cheap electronic components to record the information on 3 wide band channels (Red, Green, Blue). Purpose: This paper studies the possibility of correlating the measurements from the spectrophotometer with raw data from digital image acquisition instruments. Materials and Methods: Because the results will be used in protein electrophoresis, we prepared o set of plates with blood serum in different dilutions, stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue. The absorbance of the resulting plates has been measured using a spectrophotometer and after that, the plates were scanned with a regular office scanner. The digital image was converted in different color spaces (gray scale, RGB, HSV, HSL, CIEXYZ and CIELAB) using custom developed software in C++. We statistically measured the correlation coefficient of different parameters from the color space with the absorption measured with the spectrophotometer. Results and Discussion: The findings of this work show that a consumer digital scanner can be used as a fast and inexpensive alternative to spectrophotometers. This offers the possibility of using scanned images of protein electrophoresis to make quantitative estimations regarding the proteinogram.
Long GPS coordinate time series: Multipath and geometry effects

[1] Within analyses of Global Positioning System (GPS) observations, unmodeled subdaily signals propagate into long-period signals via a number of different mechanisms. In this paper, we investigate the effects of time-variable satellite geometry and the propagation of a time-constant unmodeled multipath signal. Multipath reflectors at H = 0.1 m, 0.2 m, and 1.5 m below the antenna are modeled, and their effects on GPS coordinate time series are examined. Simulated time series at 20 global IGS sites for 2000.0–2008.0 were derived using the satellite geometry as defined by daily broadcast orbits. We observe the introduction of time-variable biases in the time series of up to several millimeters. The frequency and magnitude of the signal is dependent on site location and multipath source. When adopting realistic GPS observation geometries obtained from real data (e.g., including the influence of local obstructions and hardware specific tracking), we observe generally larger levels of coordinate variation. In these cases, we observe spurious signals across the frequency domain, including very high frequency abrupt changes (offsets) in addition to secular trends. Velocity biases of more than 0.5 mm/yr are evident at some sites. The propagated signal has noise characteristics that fall between flicker and random walk and shows spectral peaks at harmonics of the draconitic year for a GPS satellite (∼351 days). When a perfectly repeating synthetic constellation is used, the simulations show near-negligible time correlated noise highlighting that subtle variations in the GPS constellation can propagate multipath signals differently over time, producing significant temporal variations in time series.
Nurse-assisted personal hygiene to older adults 65+ in home care setting

Background and objective: Assisting frail older adults in home care settings with personal hygiene is a daily nursing role. Both Nightingale and Henderson had in their approach to basic nursing focus on assisting patients in their need of nurse assisted bath. Since 1994 focus on using a new technology to patient in dependency of nurse-assisted bath was developed. A clinical study involving older adults in need of nurse-assisted bath was carried out in a public homecare setting. This study aimed to study and compare older adults’ attitudes, experiences and evaluation of using traditional bath with soap and water versus prepacked products to their personal hygiene. Methods: A number of 20 men and women participated in our research with focus on their daily need of nurse-assisted bath. The older adults had given a written consent. All participants were informed about the study verbally and in writing and they all agreed to participate and signed written informed consent forms. All data were handled confidentially, and the participants’ anonymity was assured. A clinical study was carried out. During three weeks, the older adults had nurse- assisted bath with soap and water two days followed by two days using prepacked was-cloths. The same nurse assisted the older adults all days, and they were interviewed before the research. Relevant data as age, gender, bath facilities at home, walking ability, dependency on help from others, contact to family/friends were collected. In the research period the older adults’ self-reported experiences with the two types of baths were registered. The nurses observed the baths with focus on the older adults’ attitude, satisfaction and experiences. Results and conclusions: The patients preferred to have their own individual choice of daily bath type. Pre-packed wash-cloths were overall preferred by the nurses.
Conspecifics influence call design in the Brazilian free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis

The Brazilian free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis (Saint-Hilaire, 1824), uses calls that represent a broad continuum of design variation which is dependent upon habitat and situation, and exhibits characteristic changes in call design as bats close in on airborne targets. Here we demonstrate the influence of conspecifics on call design. We found that the peak frequency used in calls varies more as the number of bats flying in the same space increases (measured from single bats and pairs of bats). We investigated this phenomenon through comparing call-parameter differences found between two bats recorded flying together (actual pairs) with call-parameter differences between two bats each recorded flying alone at different locations that were randomly assigned to one another (virtual pairs). We found that actual pairs of bats used calls which differed in peak frequency more so than did virtual pairs. This result is particularly striking given that these frequency differences were greater between bats in .
Complementarity between In-house R&D and Technology Purchasing: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Firms

In order to catch up with the current technological frontier, firms, especially in developing countries, try to acquire technological advancement through internal R&D efforts, as well as through external technology-sourcing activities. This study tests whether these two sources of technology acquisition are complements or substitutes for each other in small- and medium-sized Chinese manufacturing firms. The evidence that we present shows some signs of complementarity between the two sources of knowledge in reaching a higher unconditional intensity of product innovation for firms with 100–300 employees and, in general, a significant degree of substitutability between them in achieving higher levels of labour productivity.
Irrigation Regimes Affect Fruit Soluble Solids Concentration and Rate of Water Loss of `O'Henry' Peaches

The effect of irrigation management strategies on the quality and storage performance of 'O'Henry' peaches ( Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) was studied for two seasons. The deficit irrigation treatment induced a higher fruit soluble solids concentra- tion and lower fruit weight. The excess irrigation treatment, compared to the optimum treatment, increased the rate of fruit water loss without altering fruit quality and storage performance. Scanning electron microscope observations indicated a higher density of trichomes on fruit from the deficit and optimum irrigation treatments than from the excess irrigation treatment. Light microscopy studies indicated that fruit from deficit and optimum irrigation had a continuous and much thicker cuticle than fruit from the excess irrigation treatment. These differences in exodermis structure may explain the high percentage of water loss from fruit from the excess irrigation treatment compared to the deficit and optimum irrigation treatments.
Making Inferences About the Vulnerable: A Study Using the British Household Panel Survey.

In this paper I examine the concept of "vulnerability" within the context of income mobility of the poor. While the concept of poverty is well developed, the concept of vulnerability is less established in the economic literature. I test for the dynamics of vulnerable households in the UK using Waves 1 12 of the British Household Panel Study and find that, of three different types of risks that we test for, household-specific shocks and economy-wide aggregate shocks have the greatest impact on consumption, in comparison to shocks to the income stream. Vulnerability is found to be particularly significant in relation to changes in transitory income. I observe the vulnerability dynamics in light of smoothing mechanisms undertaken by vulnerable households to smooth consumption and find that savings and earnings from a second job are not significantly associated with smoothing consumption. The results strongly suggest that traditional poverty alleviating policies are not likely to assist the vulnerable. JEL codes: D1, D31, I32 keywords : income variability, vulnerability, insurances. Acknowledgement 1 I am grateful to Filippos Petroulakis and Alex Teytelboym for excellent research assistance. I also have benefitted from seminar participants at Oxford University and the London School of Economics. I thank Frank Cowell for many useful conversations. All errors are mine.
Talking Terms : Choosing and Using Terminology for EFL Classrooms

This paper discusses the use of grammatical terminology in English language teaching. Accepting that it is a common feature of many classrooms, the paper attempts to help teachers understand the role and nature of terminology. A distinction is made between terms which are transparent (e.g. ‘countable’), opaque (e.g. ‘verb’) or iconic (e.g. ‘–ing form’). A number of criteria for evaluating the suitability of terminology for classroom use are also offered. In this way it is hoped that teachers will be better equipped to make well-informed decisions about the terms they choose to use in the classroom.
Does foreign aid in education foster gender equality in developing countries

This paper examines the impact of foreign aid on gender equality in education outcomes in developing countries. Heterogeneity effects by type of aid received and by type of recipients are investigated using system GMM methods. The results indicate that aggregate aid disbursements to the education sector negatively affect gender parity in enrolment at the secondary and tertiary education levels and have no impact on gender parity in primary education. No impact of subsector specific aid was found. Heterogeneity in aid recipient type does not seem to matter. The same goes for heterogeneity in aid flows.
The Relationship between EFL Teachers’ Motivation and Job Satisfaction in Mashhad Language Institutions

The scarcity of research on EFL teachers’ job satisfaction and motivation prompted this study which aimed at identifying the relationship between EFL teachers’ motivation and job satisfaction. To achieve this goal, the researcher selected 250 EFL teachers randomly with different years of experience in Mashhad language institutions. To collect the required data, the researcher employed Teacher’s Motivation Questionnaire (TMQ) to elicit sources of motivation of EFL teachers and Teachers’ Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (TJSQ) to elicit the job satisfaction levels. The results revealed a significant positive relationship (r = 0.44, p < 0.01) between EFL teachers’ motivation and job satisfaction in Mashhad language institutions.
Parameterisation and application of dynamic energy budget model to sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is an important aquaculture species in China. As global interest in sustainable aquaculture grows, the species has increasingly been used for co-culture in integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA). To provide a basis for opti mising stocking density in IMTA systems, we parameterised and validated a standard dynamic energy budget (DEB) model for the sea cucumber. The covariation method was used to estimate parameters of the model with the DEBtool package. The method is based on minimisation of the weighted sum of squared deviation for datasets and model predictions in one single-step pro cedure. Implementation of the package requires meaningful initial values of parameters, which were estimated using non-linear regression. Parameterisation of the model suggested that the accuracy of the lower (TL) and upper (TH) boundaries of tolerance temperatures are particularly important, as these would trigger the unique behaviour of the sea cucumber for hibernation and aestivation. After parameterisation, the model was validated with datasets from a shellfish aquaculture environment in which sea cucumbers were co-cultured with the scallop Chlamys farreri and Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas at various combinations of density. The model was also applied to a land-based pond culture environment where the sea cucumber underwent a fast growth period in spring and non-growth periods during winter hibernation and summer aesti vation. Application of the model to datasets showed that the model is capable of simulating the physiological behaviour of the sea cucumber and responds adequately to the wide range of environmental and culture conditions.
Psychiatric Illnesses among the Patients Admitted for Self-poisoning in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal

Background and Aims- Self-poisoning is the commonest mode of suicide in our part of the world. Patients attempting suicide by self-poisoning usually land up in the Emergency. They are admitted for management of medical complications and subsequently referred to Psychiatry for evaluation of possible Psychiatric illnesses. The aim of this study was to explore the patterns of psychiatric illnesses in the patients admitted for self-poisoning in a tertiary care center in Nepal. Methods- The study population included those patients who were admitted and being managed for self-poisoning and brought for psychiatric evaluation during the period of one year (1st June 2011- 30th June 2012) at Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal. Each patient underwent a detailed psychiatric evaluation by a consultant psychiatrist once they were medically stable. Details including sociodemographic data, psychiatric diagnosis, and treatment offered and outcome was tabulated and analyzed using SPSS-16. Results- Among the total patients (N=100), 43 were in the age group 21-40 years, median age being 27.5. There was almost equal gender distribution. Majority was of Mongolian ethnicity, homemaker by occupation and married. More than 90% were single-attempters, suicidal attempt using organophosphorus compounds. Almost 50% had depression; family dispute (19%) and marital disharmony (17%) were the most common psychosocial precipitant. Conclusion- Patients with history of self-poisoning are commonly brought to the Emergency Department of any tertiary care hospital. It is widely prevalent on younger age group. It is usually by the use of Organophosphorus compound in our setting and most commonly associated with depression. Hence , psychiatric care is essential for these patients. Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2013;02(01):10-13 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/jaim.v2i1. 7630
TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY OF MANUFACTURING SECTOR IN INDIA: A REGIONAL ANALYSIS FOR THE STATE OF HARYANA

Using pooled data for the period of 1981-82 to 2007-08 for different categories of organized sector’s manufacturing industries for the sample state of Haryana, the present undertaking seeks to analyze the inter-temporal and inter-industry comparison of total factor productivity (TFP) measured by Malmquist productivity index (MPI), which is an application of DEA to panel data to calculate the indices of TFP change, technology change, efficiency change. The general development pattern observed by the Haryana is definitely not a healthy sign of structural change in the economy. The analysis of the discussion reflects that while the tertiary sectors have maintained its lion’s share in GDP of India and Haryana as well, the declining trend in the share of primary sector and more or less stable contribution of the secondary sector is noticeable. The study reveals that technical efficiency change is the key driver of TFPG in the manufacturing sector of Haryana during pre reforms period, however, the picture has turned around during the post reforms period. A positive impact of liberalization policy on technological advancement of the manufacturing sector of the state has been experienced. But, during the post reforms period the state has realized inefficiency in the utilization of resources in hand and it is really an alarming sign indicating that the incapability of manufacturing sector of the state in question to cope up with the technological advancement. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/ejdi.v13i0. 7213 Economic Journal of Development Issues Vol.13 & 14 2011, pp.97-118