Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seeing sentence boundaries: the production and perception of visual markers signalling boundaries in signed languages

Current definitions of prosody present a problem for signed languages since they are based on languages that exist in the oral-aural modality. Despite this, researchers have illustrated that although signed languages are produced in a different modality, a prosodic system exists whereby a signed stream can be structured into prosodic constituents and are marked by systematic manual and non-manual phenomena (see Nespor & Sandler, 1999; Wilbur, 1999, 2000). However, there is little research examining prosody in British Sign Language (BSL). This thesis represents the first serious attempt to address this gap in the literature by investigating the type and frequency of a number of visual markers at intonational phrase (IP) boundaries in BSL narratives. An analysis of 418 IP boundaries shows linguistic visual markers are not frequently observed. The most frequent marker observed were single head movements (46%) followed by holds (30%) and brow movement (22%) and head nods (21%). This finding suggests that none of the visual markers included in this study can be considered a consistent marker to IP boundaries in BSL narratives. As well as examining the production of markers at IP boundaries, the perception of boundaries by different groups in a series of online segmentation experiments is investigated. Results from both experiments indicate that boundaries can be identified in a reliable way even when watching an unknown signed language. In addition, an analysis of responses suggests that participants identified a boundary corresponding to a discourse level (such as when a new theme is established). The results suggest that visual markers (to these boundaries at least) are informative in the absence of cues that can only be perceived by native users of a language (such as cues deriving from lexical and grammatical information). Following presentation of results, directions for future research in this area are suggested.
Book review: Introduction to Software Testing written by Paul Amman & Jeff Offutt. and published by CUP, 2008, 978-0-521-88038 322 pp., 0-471-20282-7

Extensively class tested, this text takes an innovative approach to explaining the process of software testing: it defines testing as the process of applying a few well-defined, general-purpose test criteria to a structure or model of the software. The structure of the text directly reflects the pedagogical approach and incorporates the latest innovations in testing, including techniques to test modern types of software such as OO, web applications, and embedded software.
Steps in Researching the Music in Therapy

’Researching the music in music therapy’ was the topic of my contribution to the 2nd edition of Music Therapy Research (Bonde 2005c, in Wheeler 2005). That article presented an overview of methods, procedures and techniques used to operationalize, analyze and interpret music in improvisational and receptive music therapy. The aim of the present article is to ’translate’ this overview into practical guidelines for the clinician or researcher who wants to include substantial musical observations in his/her clinical documentation, research or EBP material. The article highlights what I regard as the most important criteria for choice of method at certain points in the analytical process, and based on this I outline the possible analytical procedures. This is synthesized in a detailed flowchart. Two examples will be chosen to illustrate the procedural steps and possible choices: a) A composition often used in GIM (Vaughan Williams: Rhosymedre Prelude) b) A clinical improvisation (Dyad piano ex. from A Comprehensive Guide – CD cut 3)
Comparison of nasal swab culture, quantitative culture of nasal mucosal tissue and PCR in detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in rats

It is not known how well nasopharyngeal swab culture represents pneumococcal carriage status. We tested this by comparing swab culture to quantitative culture and quantitative PCR of mucosal tissue in a rat model of pneumococcal carriage. Quantitative culture and quantitative PCR identified significantly more carriers compared to swab culture (differences 15% and 33%, 95% CI 1–28% and 16–47%, p=0.04 and 0.001, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of swab culture was 75/92% and 63/100% compared to quantitative tissue culture and quantitative PCR, respectively. The quantitative estimates of culture and PCR were very similar (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.79, p<0.001). In conclusion, even a well‐controlled swab sampling markedly underestimates pneumococcal carriage rate, and simultaneous use of quantitative culture and PCR increases the number of positive samples by about one third.
Toll-like receptor and hepatitis B virus clearance in chronic infected patients: a long-term prospective cohort study in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND We sought to elucidate the impacts of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on spontaneous hepatitis B virus (HBV) e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B s antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion in chronic HBV-infected patients. METHODS Human TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9 gene polymorphisms were assessed in 278 HBeAg-positive, chronic HBV-infected patients. Additionally, HBV core antigen (HBcAg) in vitro stimulation using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 113 patients was done to assess interferon γ (IFN- γ) production. RESULTS Of the study subjects, 204 (73.4%) developed spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion, 21 (7.6%) developed spontaneous HBsAg clearance, and 10 (3.6%) had spontaneous HBsAg seroconversion during the 19.1 ± 9.9 years of follow-up. The T allele at TLR5 rs5744174 (p.Phe616Leu) and the C allele at TLR9 rs5743836 promoter predicted earlier HBeAg seroconversion (hazard ratios [HRs], 2.45 and 3.65; P = .04, and .006, respectively). The TLR5 rs5744174 T allele carriers have higher PBMCs IFN-γ secretion to HBcAg stimulation (P= .0002). The G allele carriers at TLR4 rs4986790 (p.Asp299Gly) predicted spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance (HR, 18.73; P < .001) and seroconversion (HR, 43.45; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Toll-like receptor 5 rs5744174 (p.Phe616Leu) and TLR9 rs5743836 promoter area polymorphism were associated with earlier spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion. Toll-like receptor 4 rs4986790 (p.Asp299Gly) was associated with HBsAg seroclearance/seroconversion in chronic HBV patients. Toll-like receptor 5 rs5744174 (p.Phe616Leu) was associated with higher IFN-γ production in chronic HBV-infected patients.
Case Studies from Three Museums in Art Beyond Sight's Multi-site Museum Accessibility Study

Abstract This article highlights the steps taken by three museums interested in providing programming for adults who are blind or have low vision. While the museums’ facilities and collections are very different from each other, they found common solutions to providing programmatic access. These case studies will provide guidance for other museums interested in piloting or improving programs for adults who are blind or visually impaired.
Thor user''s manual: tutorial and commands

THOR is a behavioral simulation environment intended for use with digital circuits at either the gate, register transfer, or functional levels. Models are written in the CHDL modeling language (a hardware description language based on the C programming language.) Network descriptions are written in the CSL language supporting hierarchical network descriptions. Using interactive mode, batch mode, or both combined, a variety of commands are available to control execution. Simulation output can be viewed in tabular format or in waveforms. A library of components and a toolbox for building simulation models are also provided. Other tools include CSLIM, used to generate boolean equations directly from THOR models and an interface to other simulators (e.g. RSIM and a physical chip tester) so that two simulations can be run concurrently verifying equivalent operation. This technical report is part one of two parts and is formatted similar to UNIX manuals. Part one contains the THOR tutorial and all the commands associated with THOR. Part two contains descriptions of the general purpose functions used in models, the parts library including many TTL components, and the logic analyzer model.
A Cup-marked Stone from Dan-y-garn, Mynachlog-Ddu, Pembrokeshire, and the Prehistoric Rock-art from Wales

A small panel of mobiliary rock art containing two cup-mark motifs discovered in north Pembrokeshire in August 2002 is described and compared with other finds of rock art from Wales. Although the sites with passage-grave style rock art in north Wales are well-known, the more widespread yet less impressive cup-mark dominated panels found mainly around the upland fringes of the country have received relatively little attention. A provisional corpus of 33 rock-art sites comprising more than 37 panels is provided. Résumé On décrit un petit panneau d'art rupestre mobilier, qui comprend deux motifs en cercles, découvert dans le nord du Pembrokeshire en août 2002 et on le compare à d'autres trouvailles d'art rupestre du Pays de Galles. Bien que les sites avec art rupestre de style tombe à couloir du nord du Pays de Galles soient bien connus, on s'est relativement peu intéressé aux panneaux dominés par les marques en cercles plus répandus, et pourtant moins impressionnants, que l'on trouve essentiellement sur les collines situées en pourtour du pays. On présente un corpus provisoire de 33 sites d'art rupestre comprenant plus de 37 panneaux. Zusammenfassung Eine im August 2002 in Nord-Pembrokeshire entdeckte kleine Platte mobiler Felsmalerei mit zwei Näpfchenzeichen-Motiven wird beschrieben und mit anderen Walisischen Felsmalereien verglichen. Obwohl Felsmalereien im Stil der Ganggräber in Nord-Wales sehr bekannt sind, fanden die zwar weiter verbreiteten, jedoch weniger beeindruckenden Platten mit Näpfchenzeichen, die vorwiegend an den äußeren Grenzen des Hochlandes vorkommen, in der Forschung nur wenig Beachtung. In diesem Beitrag wird ein vorläufiger Corpus mit 33 Fundstellen mit Felsmalereien, die mehr als 37 Platten umfassen, vorgestellt. Résumen En este trabajo se describe un pequeño panel de arte rupestre mobiliar que contiene dos motivos de marcas anulares y que fue descubierto en el norte de Pembrokeshire en agosto del 2002, y se le compara con otros descubrimientos de arte prehistórico de Gales. Aunque son bien conocidos los yacimientos con arte rupestre del estilo hallado en las tumbas tipo dolmen con pasillo en Gales del norte, los paneles dominados por marcas anulares encontrados principalmente en los terrenos elevados que bordean el país han recibido poca atención puesto que, aunque están más extendidos, son menos impresionantes. En este trabajo facilitamos un corpus provisional de 33 yacimientos de arte rupestre que comprenden más de 37 paneles.
PEMAKAIAN E-COMMERCE UNTUK USAHA KECIL DAN MENENGAH GUNA MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING

One key to the success of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is the availability of a clear market for the products. Meanwhile, the fundamental weaknesses faced by SMEs in marketing are low market orientation, weakness in a complex and sharp competition and inadequate marketing infrastructure. Faced with an increasingly open market mechanisms and competitive, market control is prerequisite for improving competitiveness. Therefore, expansion of market access with Web-based Information Technology is now needed as a medium for global communication. One thing that gives a competitive advantage in international trade competition is information technology of electronic commerce or e-commerce. This paper shows the important role of e-commerce for SMEs in Indonesia and how to model the development of e-commerce. This paper intends to show the important role of e-commerce for SMEs in Indonesia and how to model the development of ecommerce.
Requirements and modeling for a studies orientation and recommendation system (SORS)

The attainment of requirements and modeling-from the point of view of business and system-to achieve a first approach to the real context of a Studies Orientation and Recommendation System (SORS) is proposed. Based in this proposal, the develop of a working prototype will be possible, using the Object Oriented Paradigm (OOP), following the methodological approach proposed by Rational Unified Process (RUP), by which is possible to develop software iteratively and incrementally, focusing on system architecture and Use Case driven, with preference for Business Modeling with the active participation of each of the stakeholders in the implementation.
Fuga de cerebros y crisis en España: los jóvenes en el punto de mira de los discursos empresariales

This article discusses the phenomenon of brain drain in the context of the current Spanish crisis. This jailbreak process is a good analyzer of the youth question. It involves a new dimension of insecurity, stronger than the one already experienced by young people in Spain. The new precarity dimension is known as the extended skilled migration. In the article, we review the data from the main statistical sources approaching the issue and examine three dimensions of this draining phase: media, policies and business. We focus on the latter aspect since the hypothesis states that the leak has to be interpreted in the context of business discourses on talent mobility. These talks aim at the activation of skilled graduated labor. As evidence for this hypothesis, publications from the business field are analyzed.
Kajian pembuatan mie kering dengan fortifikasi tepung kacang hijau untuk pemenuhan asam folat.

Mie kering adalah mie mentah yang sudah dikeringkan, baik di bawah sinar matahari atau dalam suhu terkontrol (35-400C) agar dapat menghasilkan mie dengan produk yang optimal dan kelembaban ruang pengeringan (70-75%) yang selalu terjaga selama ± 5 jam sehingga kadar air mie kering sekitar 8-10%. Proses pengolahan mie kering setelah melalui tahap pemotongan, selanjutnya dilakukan proses pengukusan, pengeringan, pendinginan, dan pengemasan. Umur simpan pada mie kering lebih lama dibandingkan dengan mie basah, namun proses penyajiannya lebih lama karena membutuhkan proses perebusan yang lebih lama pula untuk gelatinisasi pati yang telah teretrogradasi. Pembuatan mie kering yang beredar dipasaran, biasanya hanya menggunakan tepung terigu saja, namun pada saat ini mie kering dapat difortifikasi dengan tepung kacang hijau. Mie kering yang difortifikasi dengan tepung kacang hijau diharapkan dapat membantu kita dalam pemenuhan asam folat, tepung kacang hijau memiliki kandungan yang lebih lengkap untuk dapat melengkapi kandungan dari tepung terigu yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh dalam pemenuhan asam folat, karena setiap orang membutuhkan asam folat yang cukup dan kacang hijau memiliki kandungan asam folat yang tinggi sehingga dapat memenuhi kandungan asam folat yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Asam Folat adalah salah satu vitamin B, tubuh kita memerlukan asam folat untuk pembentukan sel baru. Kecukupan asam folat dapat dipenuhi dengan mengkonsumsi sayuran yang berwarna hijau seperti brokoli, bayam dan asparagus yang kaya akan asam folat serta dapat mengkonsumsi buah-buahan yang berwarna merah atau jingga seperti semangka, jeruk, pisang, nanas dan kiwi. Asam folat juga terdapat pada daging, hati sapi, ikan dan susu karena pada saat ini banyak susu yang difortifikasi dengan asam folat. Asam folat ini bermanfaat untuk mencegah kelainan janin, kanker dan pencegahan penyakit jantung.
A Toolbox of Level Set Methods

This document describes Version 1.1 of the Toolbox of Level Set Methods, a software package for solving time-dependent Hamilton-Jacobi partial di erential equations (PDEs) in the Matlab programming environment. Level set methods are often used for simulation of dynamic implicit surfaces in graphics, uid and combustion simulation, image processing, and computer vision. Hamilton-Jacobi and related PDEs arise in elds such as control, robotics, di erential games, dynamic programming, mesh generation, stochastic di erential equations, nancial mathematics, and veri cation. The algorithms in the toolbox can be used in any number of dimensions, although computational cost and visualization di culty make dimensions four and higher a challenge. All source code for the toolbox is provided as plain text in theMatlab mle programming language. The toolbox is designed to allow quick and easy experimentation with level set methods, although it is not by itself a level set tutorial and so should be used in combination with the existing literature. This document supercedes the documentation for Version 1.0 of the Toolbox (UBC TR-2004-09).
The language of business studies lectures

New opportunities in the global workplace have heightened interest in business studies. In response to this trend, this book presents an in-depth analysis of a corpus of authentic business studies lectures, focusing on spoken, academic, disciplinary and professional features (e.g., speech rate, interactive devices, specialized lexis) that are crucial to comprehension, but often problematic for non-native speakers. The investigation adopts an original multi-pronged approach including quantitative, qualitative and comparative analyses. It utilizes techniques drawn mainly from corpus linguistics and discourse analysis, but also integrates observational and ethnographic methods to provide unique extra-linguistic insights. The study is thus a full-circle interpretive account of this dynamic spoken genre where academia and profession converge. The book shows how business studies lectures are characterised by a synergy of discourses and communicative channels that reflect the community of practice, highlighting the need to help international business students develop multiple literacies to overcome present and future challenges.
Students' Attitudes Towards EQL-Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) Courseware

The study explores student attitudes towards CAL in general and EQL in particular. It is based on five semi-structured interviews. The respondents are first year undergraduate students studying introductory management accounting as part of their course where EQL is used as a CAL component. The findings suggest that students are in favour of using EQL in the supplementary role only. Respondents reject the idea of replacing a human tutor with a machine tutor. They think that most of the learning occurs in tutorials and rank these as the most important component of management accounting module while surprisingly reading was ranked as the least important component.
SOME FEATURES OF FILLED HESITATION PAUSES IN SPONTANEOUS RUSSIAN

This article examines the results of research conducted on different varieties of hesitation phenomena. The research, based on the spontaneous speech recordings of 10 Russian speakers, compares the spectral characteristics of these speakers’ vocalizations from hesitation pauses and the vowels /a / and /e/ within words from spontaneous monologues. Filled pauses in Russian, as in many other languages, fall towards the center of the vowel space, but there is substantial inter-speaker variation in exactly what sounds are used.
Meta-Analysis in Stata: An Updated Collection from the Stata Journal

Meta-Analysis in Stata: An Updated Collection from the Stata Journal, edited by Jonathan A. C. Sterne, gathers all the Stata Journal articles about meta-analysis into one place. Interestingly, meta-analysis in Stata is one of Stata’s strengths, yet all the commands to implement it are user-written. Having nowhere to look in the Stata documentation made it tedious for those interested in meta-analysis to gather the requisite packages and documentation. Well, no more! With this meta-analysis collection, researchers can find what they need quickly and efficiently. Moreover, many of the articles and associated software have been updated for the collection. In particular, support for modern Stata graphics has been added to several commands.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Çevresel Tutum ve Bilgi Düzeylerinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi

Bu arastirmanin amaci sosyal bilgiler ve fen bilgisi ogretmeni adaylarinin cevresel tutum ve bilgi duzeylerini cesitli degiskenler acisindan incelemektir. Arastirmaya 171 kadin ve 152 erkek olmak uzere toplam 323 ogretmen adayi katilmistir. Arastirmada veri toplama araci olarak Uzun ve Saglam (2006) tarafindan gelistirilen Cevresel Tutum Olcegi ve Cevre Bilgisi Testi kullanilmis, veriler 2012-2013 ogretim yilinda elde edilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda ogretmen adaylarinin cevresel dusunce acisindan cok olumlu, cevre bilgisi acisindan orta, cevreye yonelik davranislar acisindan olumsuza yakin bir duzeyde olduklari tespit edilmistir. Ogretmen adaylarinin cevresel bilgi ve dusunce puanlari arasinda orta duzeyde, pozitif anlamli bir iliski saptanmistir. Anne- babanin meslegi, ailedeki kisi sayisi, ailenin sosyo-ekonomik duzeyi, ortaogretimde cevre dersi alma ve cevreci bir kurulusa uyelik durumuna gore ogretmen adaylarinin cevresel dusunce, davranis ve cevre bilgisi puanlarinda ise istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir fark bulunmamistir.
The Role of Classroom Assessment in Teaching and Learning. CSE Technical Report.

Introduction and Overview Historically, because of their technical requirements, educational tests of any importance were seen as the province of statisticians and not that of teachers or subject matter specialists. Researchers conceptualizing effective teaching did not assign a significant role to assessment as part of the learning process. The past three volumes of the Handbook of Research on Teaching, for example, did not include a chapter on classroom assessment nor even its traditional counterpart, tests and measurement. Achievement tests were addressed in previous handbooks but only as outcome measures in studies of teaching behaviors. In traditional educational measurement courses, preservice teachers learned about domain specifications, item formats, and methods for estimating reliability and validity. Few connections were made in subject matter methods courses to suggest ways that testing might be used instructionally. Subsequent surveys of teaching practice showed that teachers had little use for statistical procedures and mostly devised end-of-unit tests aimed at measuring declarative knowledge of terms, facts, rules, and principles (Fleming & Chambers, 1983). The purpose of this chapter is to develop a framework for understanding a reformed view of assessment, where assessment plays an integral role in teaching and learning. If assessment is to be used in classrooms to help students learn, it must be transformed in two fundamental ways. First, the content and character of assessments must be significantly improved. Second, the gathering and use of assessment information and insights must become a part of the ongoing learning process. The model I propose is consistent with current assessment reforms being advanced across many disciplines (e. Wilson for their thoughtful comments on drafts of this chapter. It is also consistent with the general argument that assessment content and formats should more directly embody thinking and reasoning abilities that are the ultimate goals of learning (Frederiksen my emphasis is not on external accountability assessments as indirect mechanisms for reforming instructional practice; instead, I consider directly how classroom assessment practices should be transformed to illuminate and enhance the learning process. I acknowledge, though, that for changes to occur at the classroom level, they must be supported and not impeded by external assessments. The changes being proposed for assessment are profound. They are part of a larger set of changes in curriculum and theories of teaching and learning, which many have characterized as a paradigm change. Constructivist learning theory, invoked throughout this volume, is at the center of these important …