Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactions, Actors, and Time: Dynamic Network Actor Models for Relational Events

Ample theoretical work on social networks is explicitly or implicitly concerned with the role of interpersonal interaction. However, empirical studies to date mostly focus on the analysis of stable relations. This article introduces Dynamic Network Actor Models (DyNAMs) for the study of directed, interpersonal interaction through time. The presented model addresses three important aspects of interpersonal interaction. First, interactions unfold in a larger social context and depend on complex structures in social systems. Second, interactions emanate from individuals and are based on personal preferences, restricted by the available interaction opportunities. Third, sequences of interactions develop dynamically, and the timing of interactions relative to one another contains useful information. We refer to these aspects as the network nature, the actor-oriented nature, and the dynamic nature of social interaction. A case study compares the DyNAM framework to the relational event model, a widely used statistical method for the study of social interaction data.
Practice follows structure: QM in Malaysian public hospitals

Purpose – The main aim of this study is to provide an empirical analysis on the practice of quality management among employees of Malaysian public hospitals at the district, state and national level hospitals. This paper aims to perform a comparative analysis on quality management practices among the three levels of hospitals.Design/methodology/approach – The main method of data collection was self‐administered questionnaire, and cluster sampling was used to select the respondent hospitals, while respondent employees were selected by stratified random sampling. Altogether 23 public hospitals throughout Peninsular Malaysia participated in the survey.Findings – Practice of quality management was found to be significantly higher in district hospitals than in the national referral centre. However, there was no significant difference in perception on implementation outcome between the three levels of hospitals. Among the factors of quality management, teamwork was found to be significantly higher in district h.
Monitoring fish in California Channel Islands marine protected areas with a remotely operated vehicle: the first five years

In 2003, California established a network of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the northern Channel Islands, offshore of Santa Barbara. In this paper, we analyzed data from re- motely operated vehicle (ROV) surveys of fish on deep-water (31�100 m) hard-bottom substrates. We tested the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in density of target species in- side and outside MPAs and also evaluated changes in density over time. The con founding variables water depth and substrate type were controlled by equalizing sampling effort. For the analysis, we used ANOVA with the factors treatment (MPA vs. fished), location of site pair (San Miguel Island, north Santa Rosa Island and southwest Santa Rosa Island) and time (2005 to 2008). Because the main factors were crossed, interactions between factors were used to indicate possible significant effects. Multiple t-tests were used to test for significant treatment effects depending on the type of interaction. Most significant interactions were associated with location. There was only one significant interaction between treatment and time. Using multiple comparison tests instead of averages from the main factors in the ANOVA exposed the underlying variability. No species was consistently more abundant in MPAs than in fished sites at all locations. This study evaluates the first 5 yr after implementation of the MPAs. With additional time, we expect densities to change and the full dimensions of protection should become evident.
The criminal justice system

Introduction Criminal justice system is a social institution, which control criminal activities thereby protecting the citizens from criminals. This is being done within limits prescribed by the procedural law. It is a complex process wherein the institution has to deal with conflicting issues and interests. The system is not designed to achieve a single goal. It has to protect the innocent persons from the arbitrary exercise of power by the authorities charged with the criminal justice administration. It affords protection even to suspects of crime from arbitrary and inhuman treatment. In order to balance the conflicting interests the system developed institutions, processes, rules and values.
Production performance evaluation of Koekoek chickens at Adami Tulu research center

A study was conducted to evaluate the production performance of koekoek chickens at Adami Tulu Research Center. Feed consumption, age at point of laying, annual egg production, mortality, and egg quality parameters were used as evaluation parameters. Mean feed consumption of starter, grower and layer of koekoek chickens at Adami Tulu Research Center was 56.4±4.6, 84.3±6.3 and 124±8.6 g/day, respectively. Koekoek chickens attain sexual maturity at 5 months and produce 213± 12.4 eggs per year. Their hatchability was 60% and mortality rate was 4% at Adami Tulu Research center. Their egg weight in gram (g) was 51.17±3.2. The egg yolk color, yolk weight in gram (g), albumin weight in gram (g) were 5.08±0.91, 14.96±1.6 and 31.2±2.7, respectively. The current study revealed that koekoek chickens adapt well to semi-arid agro-ecology of Ethiopia. Koekoek chickens are fast growers and good layers. So day-old chicken producers and distributors in semi-arid area can consider them as candidate breeds in their production. These dual purpose breeds need good managements like quality feed provision, good sanitation and vaccine administration. Therefore livestock extensions and farmers who have interest in introducing these breeds into their farm should have to provide necessary management practices to fully utilize their production potential. Key words: Poultry breed, farming system, egg performance, mortality rate.
More on the Subnormal 2-Variable Weighted Shifts and Linear Recursive Relations

The main purpose of this paper aims at studying the subnormal 2variable weighted shifts; where the weights are associated to a family of sequences defined by linear recursive relations. Some results are provided, and others properties for 1-variable weighted shift are also extended. Finally, an elementary computation gives rise to a concrete criterion of the subnormality for the 2-variable weighted shift operator.
Interactions of Soil Order and Land Use Management on Soil Properties in the Kukart Watershed, Kyrgyzstan

Surveys of soil properties related to soil functioning for many regions of Kyrgyzstan are limited. This study established ranges of chemical (soil organic matter (SOM), pH and total N (TN)), physical (soil texture), and biochemical (six enzyme activities of C, N, P, and S cycling) characteristics for nine profiles from the Kukart watershed of Jalal-Abad region in Kyrgyzstan. These profiles represent different soil orders (Inceptisols, Alfisols, and Mollisols) and land uses (cultivated, nut-fruit forests, and pasture). The Sierozem (Inceptisols) soils had the highest pH and contained the lowest SOM and TN contents compared to the Brown, Black-brown, and Meadow-steppe soils (Alfisols and Mollisols). Enzymatic activities within surface horizons (0–18 cm) typically decreased in the following order: forest > pasture > cultivated. Enzyme activity trends due to land use were present regardless of elevation, climate, and soil types although subtle differences among soil types within land use were observed. The significant reductions in measured soil enzyme activities involved in C, N, P, and S nutrient transformations under cultivation compared to pasture and forest ecosystems and lower values under Inceptisols can serve as soil quality indicators for land use decisions in the watershed.
The hidden Mediterranean diet: wild vegetables traditionally gathered and consumed in the Gargano area, Apulia, SE Italy

Despite the extensive bio-scientific literature concerning the Mediterranean diet, which emerged in the last three decades, systematic ethnography-centered investigations on a crucial portion of this food system, linked to the traditional consumption of non-cultivated vegetables, are still largely lacking in many areas of the Mediterranean Basin. In this research, an ethnobotanical field study focusing on wild vegetables traditionally gathered and consumed locally, was conducted in a few centers and villages located in the Gargano area, northern Apulia, SE Italy, by interviewing twenty-five elderly informants. The folk culinary uses of seventy-nine botanical taxa of wild vascular plants, belonging to nineteen families, were recorded, thus showing a remarkable resilience of traditional environmental knowledge (TEK) related to wild food plants. In particular, approximately one-fourth of the recorded wild vegetables are still very commonly gathered and consumed nowadays, while ten taxa have never been reported in previous ethnobotanical studies conducted in Southern Italy. These findings demonstrate the crucial cultural role played by folk cuisines in preserving TEK, despite significant socio-economic changes that have affected the study area during the past four decades.
STATISTICAL ANALYS DISCRIMINATING THE QUALITY OF AGARWOOD OIL

Enhancing and improving the discrimination technique is the main aim to determine or grade the good quality of agarwood oil. In this paper, all statistical works were performed via SPSS software. Two parameters involved are abundance of compound (%) and quality of t agarwood oil either low or high quality. The result showed that, there is clear significant normality test depends on the parameters through the boxplot and Quantile plot for data distribution. Then, Kolmogorov hypothesis were covered in normality test. The techniques proved their capabilities in statistical analysis for agarwood oil compounds and confirmed that the data is suitable for further work especially for classification.
Updating Behavior of Inflation Expectations: Evidence from Japanese Household Panel Data

This study provides insights into the expectation-updating behavior of Japanese households with regard to future inflation. Households do not renew their information set in every period, but they do so at a greater frequency than that argued in the literature. A more volatile inflation rate leads to improved accuracy vis-a-vis expectations, given higher attention levels—although greater volatility does make it more difficult to form precise forecasts. Additionally, the estimation results involving inflation reflect variation in consumption basket by household attributes and are consistent; these results are clearer than those involving the consumer price index, thus indicating the possibility that households indeed face variations in inflation rate, depending on their characteristics.
Robust colour texture features based on ranklets and discrete Fourier transform

In this paper we present a set of multiscale, multidirectional, rotation-invariant features for colour texture characterization. The proposed model is based on the ranklet transform, a technique relying on the calculation of the relative rank of the intensity level of neighbouring pixels. Colour and texture are merged into a compact descriptor by computing the ranklet transform of each colour channel separately and of couples of colour channels jointly. Robustness against rotation is based on the use of circularly symmetric neighbourhoods together with the discrete Fourier transform. Experimental results demonstrate that the approach shows good robustness and accuracy. PACS numbers: 07.05. Pj, 42.30. Sy
Effect of composition on the mechanical properties of 3d printed polymer nanocomposites

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most widely employed techniques in additive manufacturing. Despite its ease of use and environmentally friendly nature, FFF has only demonstrated a narrow range of applications due to the limited number of materials compatible with the technique. Furthermore, FFF printed parts exhibit inferior mechanical properties compared to those of their conventionally manufactured counterparts. An approach for tailoring the properties of printing materials and extending the applicability of FFF is the addition of nanoparticles to the polymer, such as organo-modified nanoclays. To date, there has been only limited research using this approach but some improvement in properties has been obtained. This research concerns polylactide-nanoclay composites and investigates the effect of the clay type and content on the 3D printed product. This is the first systematic study on the mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA/clay samples by an extrusion-based technique. The introduction of clays to the PLA matrix was found to improve the modulus of elasticity of the 3D printed PLA/clay samples. However, this behaviour was accompanied by a decrease in the ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break, while the flexural properties exhibited similar trend to the tensile properties. The quality of the printed filament was related to the non-uniform dispersion of clays in the polymer matrix
Simple parser combination

This paper presents an ensemble system for dependency parsing: three parsers are separately trained and combined by means of a majority vote. The three parsers are (1) the MATE parser [http://code.google. com/p/mate-tools/], (2) the DeSR parser [http://sites.google. com/site/desrparser/], and (3) the MALT parser [http://maltparser.org/]. The MATE, that was never used before on Italian language, drastically outperforms the other parsers in the SPLeT shared task. Nonetheless, a simple voting combination further improves its performances.
Exchange of CO 2 in Arctic tundra: impacts of meteorological variations and biological disturbance

Abstract. An improvement in our process-based understanding of carbon (C) exchange in the Arctic and its climate sensitivity is critically needed for understanding the response of tundra ecosystems to a changing climate. In this context, we analysed the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 in West Greenland tundra (64° N) across eight snow-free periods in 8 consecutive years, and characterized the key processes of net ecosystem exchange and its two main modulating components: gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco). Overall, the ecosystem acted as a consistent sink of CO2, accumulating −30 g C m−2 on average (range of −17 to −41 g C m−2) during the years 2008–2015, except 2011 (source of 41 g C m−2), which was associated with a major pest outbreak. The results do not reveal a marked meteorological effect on the net CO2 uptake despite the high interannual variability in the timing of snowmelt and the start and duration of the growing season. The ranges in annual GPP (−182 to −316 g C m−2) and Reco (144 to 279 g C m−2) were > 5 fold larger than the range in NEE. Gross fluxes were also more variable (coefficients of variation are 3.6 and 4.1 % respectively) than for NEE (0.7 %). GPP and Reco were sensitive to insolation and temperature, and there was a tendency towards larger GPP and Reco during warmer and wetter years. The relative lack of sensitivity of NEE to meteorology was a result of the correlated response of GPP and Reco. During the snow-free season of the anomalous year of 2011, a biological disturbance related to a larvae outbreak reduced GPP more strongly than Reco. With continued warming temperatures and longer growing seasons, tundra systems will increase rates of C cycling. However, shifts in sink strength will likely be triggered by factors such as biological disturbances, events that will challenge our forecasting of C states.
Efficient Probabilistic Back-Analysis of Slope Stability Model Parameters

Back-analysis of slope failure is often performed to improve one's knowledge on parameters of a slope stability analysis model. In a failed slope, the slip surface may pass through several layers of soil. Therefore, several sets of model parameters need to be back-analyzed. To back-analyze multiple sets of slope stability parameters simultaneously under uncertainty, the back-analysis can be implemented in a probabilistic way, in which uncertain parameters are modeled as random variables, and their distributions are improved based on the observed slope failure information. In this paper, two methods are presented for probabilistic back-analysis of slope failure. For a general slope stability model, its uncertain parameters can be back-analyzed with an optimization procedure that can be implemented in a spreadsheet. When the slope stability model is approximately linear, its parameters can be back-analyzed with sensitivity analysis instead. A feature of these two methods is that they are easy to apply. Two case studies are used to illustrate the proposed methods. The case studies show that the degrees of improvement achieved by the back-analysis are different for different parameters, and that the parameter contributing most to the uncertainty in factor of safety is updated most.
Conservation Implications of Genetic Differentiation in Southern African Populations of Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)

We analyzed 30 protein‐coding loci of four southern African black rhinoceros populations in order to calculate fixation indices and genetic distances for the different populations. We concluded that one of these populations is of the subspecies Diceros bicornis bicornis and the other three of Diceros bicornis minor. No evidence of inbreeding within populations was found. F‐ statistics revealed significant differentiation between populations. Small genetic distances found among the four populations reveal that they are conspecific, and no evidence was found to support the claim that the populations belong to discrete subspecies. Rather, an east‐west cline in genetic characteristics appears to exist with G6pd and HB‐2 alleles peculiar to western populations and Es‐2 and GP‐3 alleles peculiar to eastern populations.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Hexane Fraction from White Rose Flower Extracts via Inhibition of Inflammatory Repertoires

In this study, we determined the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of action of a hexane fraction (hWRF) obtained from white Rosa hybrida flowers by employing various assays such as quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and Electrophoretic-Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA). The results revealed that the hWRF had excellent anti-inflammatory potency by reducing inflammatory repertoires, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in RAW264.7 cells when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a pro-inflammatory mediator. The reduction of nitric oxide (NO) release from RAW 264.7 cells supported the anti-inflammatory effect of hWRF. Interestingly, hWRF effectively inhibited LPS-mediated nuclear factor- (NF-) p65 subunit translocation into the nucleus and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting that hWRF anti-inflammatory activity may be based on inhibition of the NF- and MAPK pathways. Based on the findings described in this study, hWRF holds promise for use as a potential anti-inflammatory agent for either therapeutic or functional adjuvant purposes.
Winter speed-up of quiescent surge-type glaciers in Yukon, Canada

Abstract. Glacier surges often initiate in winter, but the mechanism remains unclear in contrast to the well-known summer speed-up at normal glaciers. To better understand the mechanism, we used radar images to examine spatial-temporal changes in the ice velocity of surge-type glaciers near the border of Alaska and the Yukon, focusing on their quiescent phase. We found significant accelerations in the upstream region from autumn to winter, regardless of surging episodes. Moreover, the winter speed-up propagated from upstream to downstream. Given the absence of surface meltwater input in winter, we suggest the presence of water storage near the base that does not directly connect to the surface, yet can promote basal sliding through increased water pressure. Our findings have implications for the modelling of glacial hydrology in winter, which may help us better understand glacier dynamics.
IMPLEMENTATION OF UMMP USING THE LOCALIZATION OF WEB OBJECTS IN USER INTERFACE DESIGN

Websites play an important role as a communication tool between people around the world. This phenomenon introduces the medium of communication, the user interface (UI), between humans and machines as a key player. The existing web development process recognizes this importance but does not follow any precise guidelines for the construction of UI as an activity within the system development life cycle. This paper describes a method for constructing UI based on users’ Mental Model patterns ( uMMp) from the localization of web objects. This method can be incorporated into the development process in order to better fulfill users’ expectations. The uMMp describe interface design solutions favouring the development of a UI.
EVALUATING THE ANTI-STRESS POTENTIAL OF PROPOFOL IN ROAD TRANSPORTATION WELFARE USING BIO-MARKERS IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS

Sixteen apparently healthy West African dwarf bucks were used in the study. They were randomly grouped into four with four animals each. Group one untreated non transported (non stressed control) control, group two was administered with propofol at 5mg/Kg intramuscularly , group three was administered with ascorbic acid 500mg/kg intramuscularly and group four non treated stressed control. Animals were carefully loaded in an open vehicle. The floor of the vehicle was cushioned to avoid the animals from sliding and injury. Then animals were subjected to a journey of 2hours at a speed of 40 kg/hr. Blood for haemotological analysis for full blood count was collected in bottles containing EDTA (ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid). While samples for assay of antioxidative enzymes were collected in bottles containing lithium heparin. The blood was also analysed superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione -s- transferase (GST) respectively, using commercial Randox® kit. The packed cell volume (PCV) showed significantly (P<0.05) higher PCV in the groups treated with propofol, ascorbic acid and none-stress control midway into the journey. The neutrophils –lymphocytes ratio (N: L) levels in was significantly higher at prior the journey. The levels of MDA were significantly (P<0.05) higher prior and at the end of the journey phases in the propofol treated group. The ascorbic acid group showed significantly (P<0.05) higher level of MDA at the mid phase of the journey. While the GST levels prior to journey were significantly (P<0.05) higher compare to the other phases in the propofol and ascorbic acid treated groups and none treated stressed control. In the SOD level was significantly (P<0.05) higher prior stage of the journey in the propofol treated group. this infer that propofol possess antistress effect and could be used to improve animal welfare at transportation. Conclusively, the propofol possess antistress effect that is similar in mechanism to ascorbic acid and could be used in amelioration of stress in short term stress in animals. It however advised that the withdrawal period of the drug is adhered to prevent residue of drug in the meat product.