Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utility of the injured trauma survivor screen to predict PTSD and depression during hospital admission

BACKGROUND The brief, easily administered screen, the Injured Trauma Survivor Screen (ITSS), was created to identify trauma survivors at risk for development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. METHODS An item pool of PTSD risk factors was created and given, along with a previously created screen, to patients admitted to two Level 1 trauma centers. The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5, the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Revised were given during a 1-month follow-up. A total of 139 participants were included (n = 139; &mgr; age = 41.06; 30.9% female; 47.5% White/Caucasian; 39.6% Black/African American; 10.1% Latino/Hispanic; 1.4% American Indian; and 1.4% other). Stepwise bivariate logistic regression was used to determine items most strongly associated with PTSD and depression diagnosis 1 month after injury. RESULTS Forty participants met criteria for a PTSD diagnosis and 28 for depression at follow-up (22 comorbid). ROC curve analysis was used to determine sensitivity (PTSD = 75.00, Depression = 75.00), specificity (PTSD = 93.94, Depression = 95.5), NPV (PTSD = 90.3, Depression = 80.8), and PPV (PTSD = 83.3, Depression = 93.8) of the final nine-item measure. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for the utility of a predictive screen, the ITSS, to predict which injured trauma survivors admitted to the hospital are at the most risk for developing symptoms of PTSD and depression 1 month after injury. The ITSS is a short, easily administered tool that can aid in reducing the untreated cases of PTSD and depression. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic study, level III.
A 16 Gb/s 3.7 mW/Gb/s 8-Tap DFE Receiver and Baud-Rate CDR With 31 kppm Tracking Bandwidth

A 16 Gb/s I/O link receiver fabricated in 22 nm CMOS SOI technology is presented. Attenuation and ISI of transmitted NRZ data across PCB channels are equalized with a CTLE feeding an 8-tap DFE. The first tap uses digital speculation and the following seven taps are realized by means of the switched-capacitor technique. Timing recovery and control are performed with a Mueller-Müller type-A baud-rate CDR. The architecture is half-rate and requires one phase rotator. In total, each slice has six comparators to recover data and timing information. The secondorder digital CDR operates at quarter-rate and features a low-latency implementation of the proportional path. At 16 Gb/s, 1 Vppd PRBS31 data transmitted without FFE equalization is recovered across a PCB channel with 34 dB attenuation at 8 GHz. The measured tracking bandwidth is 31 kppm (16 GHz ± 496 MHz), and an amplitude of 3 UIPP is tolerated at 1 MHz sinusoidal jitter. The sinusoidal jitter amplitude tolerance measured at 10 Gb/s is 0.4 UIPP at 10 MHz and remains above 0.2 UIPP up to 1 GHz with PRBS31 data recovered (BER <; 10-12) across a PCB channel with 27 dB attenuation at 5 GHz. The power efficiency is 3.7 mW/Gb/s, including the full-rate clock receiver.
HIV and hepatitis C virus testing and seropositivity rates in Canadian federal penitentiaries: A critical opportunity for care and prevention.

BACKGROUND Incarcerated persons experience high rates of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but little is known about the burden of these bloodborne viruses among federal penitentiary inmates in Canada. OBJECTIVE The present study investigates rates of testing and seropositivity for HIV and HCV among inmates in all 53 Canadian federal penitentiaries. METHODS A cross-sectional design using surveillance data on voluntary HIV and HCV antibody testing in 2002 were applied to estimate the rate of testing uptake and the rate of incident seropositive tests among new admissions to federal penitentiaries and resident inmates. Rates of testing and infection were further examined by sex and region. Seroprevalence of HIV and HCV was estimated from the number of cumulative positive tests to year-end. RESULTS Of 7670 new admissions during 2002, 30% were tested for HIV and HCV. Test seropositivity rates in this group were 0.7% for HIV and 10% for HCV. Of the 12,426 resident inmates, 28% were tested for HIV and 27% for HCV. Seropositivity rates in this group were 0.3% for HIV and 7% for HCV. Seroprevalence rates at yearend for 2002 were 2.0% for HIV and 26% for HCV and were substantially higher among women offenders (HIV: 3.7% of women, 1.9% of men; HCV: 34% of women, 26% of men). Variations in testing uptake and test seropositivity were observed across regions. CONCLUSIONS The present study underscores the value of continued monitoring and evaluation of trends in HIV and HCV infection, which remain prevalent in federal penitentiaries. Higher rates of testing are warranted for at-risk inmates to improve early detection of infection and provide infected inmates with timely care and treatment. For those who remain free of infection, testing can provide the additional benefits of exposing inmates to health counselling and for the reinforcement of prevention messages. The period of incarceration is also a critical opportunity to link inmates with outside resources in preparation for release to the community.
A randomized controlled trial to validate the Alice PDX ambulatory device

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent condition; however, the majority of patients remain undiagnosed. There is a potential to expand the diagnostic capacity of sleep laboratories. The study objective was to validate a portable respiratory monitoring device (Alice PDX) against polysomnography (PSG) in the laboratory and to assess its reliability at home. Methods A total of 85 patients with suspected OSA (80% male, mean age 49.1±13.5 years, body mass index 29.7±6.9 kg/m2, Epworth Sleepiness Scale 10.0±5.1) were randomized to 3 diagnostic nights: 1 night simultaneous in-laboratory PSG and PDX recording; 1 night self-applied PDX at home, and 1 night in-laboratory PSG. Study data were manually scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria. Results The Alice PDX was in diagnostic agreement with simultaneously recorded reference PSG in 96.4% of studies. In 2.4% of studies the in-laboratory PDX underestimated and in 1.2% of studies it overestimated the apnea hypopnea index (AHI). The difference between the AHI from the reference PSG and the home study was similar to the difference between the PSGs (2.79 vs 0.79, p=0.08). Conclusion In a population with a high suspicion of OSA, the Alice PDX showed a high level of diagnostic agreement with a simultaneous PSG and performed valid home diagnostic studies for OSA. If manually scored, the portable device can be used by sleep specialists for diagnosing moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea in cases with a high pretest probability for the disease over a wide range of disease severity. The technology can be deployed reliably outside of the sleep laboratory setting.
Improved Superconducting Properties by Graphene Doping of Bulk MgB2 Prepared by the Diffusion Method

A study of the effects of graphene doping on the superconducting properties of MgB<sub>2</sub> bulks prepared by the diffusion method has been conducted over a range of doping levels of 0–30 wt%. The increase in a large quantity of a C-containing nonsuperconducting phase together with the effects of C-substitution on the phase itself results in a change of superconducting properties. While the transition temperature <italic>T<sub>c</sub> </italic> monotonically decreases with increasing graphene addition, the critical current density <italic>J<sub>c</sub> </italic> is increased for small graphene additions due to the larger volume fraction of the superconducting phase. Larger additions resulted in larger quantities of the nonsuperconducting phase and consequently these samples have a lower <italic>J<sub>c</sub></italic>.
The natural history of chronic airflow obstruction revisited: an analysis of the Framingham offspring cohort.

RATIONALE Understanding normal lung development and aging in health and disease, both in men and in women, is essential to interpreting any therapeutic intervention. OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe lung function changes in healthy never-smoking males and females, from adolescence to old age, and to determine the effects of smoking and those derived from quitting. METHODS Prospective cohort study within all participants of the Framingham Offspring cohort who had two or more valid spirometry measurements during follow-up (n = 4,391; age range at baseline 13 to 71 yr), with a median follow-up time of 23 years. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS To best fit the curves describing FEV(1) changes with age to raw data, we used a generalized additive model with smooth terms and incorporating the subject-specific (longitudinal) random effects. We found that: (1) healthy never-smoker females achieve full lung growth earlier than males, and their rate of decline with age was slightly, but not significantly, lower; (2) smoking increases the rate of lung function decline, both in males and in females; (3) there is a range of susceptibility to the effects of smoking. The presence of respiratory symptoms at baseline and/or a respiratory diagnosis during follow-up appears to identify a group of susceptible smokers; and (4) quitting smoking has a beneficial effect at any age, but it is more pronounced in earlier quitters. CONCLUSIONS Lung function changes from adolescence to old age differ in males and females, smoking has similar deleterious effects in both sexes, and quitting earlier is better.
Improved Spectral Efficiency With Acceptable Service Provision in Multiuser MIMO Scenarios

In this paper, we study the downlink resource assignment problem of maximizing the total data rate subject to minimum satisfaction guarantees in multiservice scenarios assuming the use of multiuser (MU) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) techniques. With the use of MU MIMO techniques, the same frequency resource can be shared by different terminals at the same time by assigning different spatial channels to each terminal. Different from single-user (SU) access per frequency resource where the resource assignment problem consists of searching for the best association between frequency resources and terminals, with MU access per resource, we aim at finding which space-division multiple-access (SDMA) group should be associated with each frequency resource. The first contribution of this paper is the formal presentation of this generalized problem as an optimization problem. Then, after some mathematical manipulations, we managed to convert this problem from a nonlinear integer to an integer linear problem (ILP) that can be optimally solved by standard techniques instead of resorting to brute-force methods. Motivated by the high computational complexity of the optimal solution, we propose a low-complexity algorithm. By analyzing outage rate and total data rate performance metrics, we show that the proposed solution presents a good performance-complexity tradeoff compared with the method for obtaining the optimal solution.
Cultural universality and specificity of student engagement in school: The results of an international study from 12 countries.

BACKGROUND A comprehensive understanding of the contextual factors that are linked to student engagement requires research that includes cross-cultural perspectives. AIMS This study investigated how student engagement in school is associated with grade, gender, and contextual factors across 12 countries. It also investigated whether these associations vary across countries with different levels of individualism and socio-economic development. SAMPLES The participants were 3,420 7th, 8th, and 9th grade students from Austria, Canada, China, Cyprus, Estonia, Greece, Malta, Portugal, Romania, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States. METHODS The participants completed a questionnaire to report their engagement in school, the instructional practices they experienced, and the support they received from teachers, peers, and parents. Hierarchical linear modelling was used to examine the effects at both student and country levels. RESULTS The results across countries revealed a decline in student engagement from Grade 7 to Grade 9, with girls reporting higher engagement than boys. These trends did not vary across the 12 countries according to the Human Development Index and Hofstede's Individualism Index. Most of the contextual factors (instructional practices, teacher support, and parent support) were positively associated with student engagement. With the exception that parent support had a stronger association with student engagement in countries with higher collectivism, most of the associations between the contextual factors and student engagement did not vary across countries. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate both cultural universality and specificity regarding contextual factors associated with student engagement in school. They illustrate the advantages of integrating etic and emic approaches in cross-cultural investigations.
Naphthenic acids degradation and toxicity mitigation in tailings wastewater systems and aquatic environments: A review

Naphthenic acids, NAs (classical formula CnH2n+zO2, where n is the carbon numbers, z represents zero or negative even integers), found in oil sands process waters (OSPWs), are toxic to aquatic environments depending upon several factors such as pH, salinity, molecular size and chemical structure of NAs. Among various available methods, biodegradation seems to be generally the most cost-effective method for decreasing concentrations of NAs (n ≤ 21) and reducing their associated toxicity in OSPW, however the mechanism by which the biodegradation of NAs occurs are poorly understood. Ozonation is superior over biodegradation in decreasing higher molecular weight alkyl branched NAs (preferentially, n ≥ 22, −6 ≥ z ≥ −12) as well as enabling accelerated biodegradation and reducing toxicity. Photolysis (UV at 254 nm) is effective in cleaving higher molecular weight NAs into smaller fragments that will be easier for microorganisms to degrade, whereas photocatalysis can metabolize selective NAs (0 ≥ z ≥ −6) efficiently and minimize their associated toxicity. Phytoremediation is applicable for metabolizing specific NAs (O2, O3, O4, and O5 species) and minimizing their associated toxicities. Petroleum coke (PC) adsorption is effective in reducing the more structurally complex NAs (preferentially 12 ≥ n ≥ 18 and z = −10, −12) and their toxicity in OSPWs, depending upon the PC content, pH and temperature. Several factors have influence on the degradation of NAs in OSPWs and aquatic environments, which include molecular mass and chemical structure of NAs, sediment structure, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and bacteria types.
Approach to the asymptomatic patients with Brugada syndrome

Brugada syndrome is an arrhythmogenic disease characterized by an ECG pattern of coved-type ST segment elevation in the right precordial leads and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) as a result of polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmia or ventricular fibrillation (VF). Data from large patient studies and a meta-analysis of previous reports have shown that patients with a history of syncope or SCD and a spontaneous type 1 Brugada type ECG are at high risk for SCD. However, risk stratification of asymptomatic patients with Brugada type ECG is still a challenge. In particular, the use of electrophysiological study (EPS) for risk stratification remains controversial. Although some investigators have reported the possibility of use of EPS for distinguishing between high- and low-risk patients with Brugada type ECG, no precise predictor of risk for SCD in asymptomatic patients has yet been determined. The approach to treatment of these patients is thus still unclear. Large clinical prospective studies with uniform diagnostic criteria and protocols for EPS as well as extended follow-up periods of over ten years are required for prediction of SCD.
Protective and Risk Factors for Allergic Diseases in High-Risk Children at the Ages of Two and Five Years

Background: Environmental and lifestyle factors such as breast-feeding and pets seem to affect atopic disease prevalence. We identified risk factors for allergic diseases. Methods: We prospectively followed until the age of 5 years a cohort of 1,223 children born into allergic families, who participated in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of probiotics as preventive against allergic disease. We evaluated the cumulative incidence of allergic diseases with questionnaires and examined all children at the ages of 2 and 5 years. Results: Compared to allergy in one parent only, allergy in both parents conferred an increased risk of allergic disease at the ages of 2 (OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.11–2.42, p = 0.013) and 5 (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.24–2.70, p = 0.002) and at the age of 2 for eczema (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.17–2.58, p = 0.006). Exclusive breast-feeding over 2 months elevated the risk of eczema at the ages of 2 (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.15–2.61, p = 0.009) and 5 (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.03–2.23, p = 0.036). Cat or dog exposure at 0–2 years and at 0–5 years protected against IgE sensitization until 5 years of age (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.37–1.00, p = 0.048, and OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.39–0.96, p = 0.033), and exposure at the ages of 0–5 years protected against allergic rhinitis until the age of 5 (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.25–0.85, p = 0.013) in the probiotic group. Conclusions: Allergy in both parents is an independent predictor of eczema and of allergic disease until the ages of 2 and 5. Long, exclusive breast-feeding was associated with increased eczema at the ages of 2 and 5, and cat or dog exposure was associated with decreased IgE sensitization and allergic rhinitis in the probiotic group.
Stakeholder preferences for cancer care performance indicators.

PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to show that performance data use could be promoted with a better understanding of the type of indicators that are important to different stakeholders. This study explored patient, nurse, physician and manager preferences for cancer care quality indicators. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Interviews were held with 30 stakeholders between March and June 2004. They were asked to describe how they would use a cancer "report card", and which indicators they would want reported. Transcripts were reviewed using qualitative analysis. FINDINGS Role (patient, nurse, physician, manager) influenced preferences and perceived use of performance data. Patients and physicians were more skeptical than nurses and managers; patients and managers expressed some preferences distinct from nurses and physicians; and patients and nurses interpreted indicators more broadly than physicians and managers. All groups preferred technical process over outcome or interpersonal process indicators. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS Expressed views are not directly applicable beyond this setting, or to the general public but findings are congruent with attitudes to performance data for other conditions, and serve as a conceptual basis for further study. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Strategies for maximizing the relevance of performance reports might include technical process indicators, selection by multi-stakeholder deliberation, information that facilitates information application and customizable report interfaces. ORIGINALITY/VALUE Performance data preferences have not been thoroughly examined, particularly in the context of cancer care. Factors were identified that influence stakeholder views of performance data, and this framework could be used to confirm findings among larger and different populations.
Cytoplasmically “Sequestered” Wild Type p53 Protein Is Resistant to Mdm2-mediated Degradation*

The Mdm2 oncoprotein mediates p53 degradation at cytoplasmic proteasomes and is the principal regulator for maintaining low, often undetectable levels of p53 in unstressed cells. However, a subset of human tumors including neuroblastoma constitutively harbor high levels of wild type p53 protein localized to the cytoplasm. Here we show that the abnormal p53 accumulation in such cells is due to a profound resistance to Mdm2-mediated degradation. Overexpression of Mdm2 in neuroblastoma (NB)1cell lines failed to decrease the high steady state levels of endogenous p53. Moreover, exogenous p53, when introduced into these cells, was also resistant to Mdm2-directed degradation. This resistance is not due to a lack of Mdm2 expression in NB cells or a lack of p53-Mdm2 interaction, nor is it due to a deficiency in the ubiquitination state of p53 or proteasome dysfunction. Instead, Mdm2-resistant p53 from NB cells is associated with covalent modification of p53 and masking of the modification-sensitive PAb 421 epitope. This system provides evidence for an important level of regulation of Mdm2-directed p53 destruction in vivo that is linked to p53 modification.
Acute and chronic angiotensin hypertension: neural and nonneural components, time course, and dose dependency.

We examined the mechanisms mediating hypertension in conscious rats during acute and chronic infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II) at pressor doses (50, 100, and 200 ng.kg-1.min-1). Trimethaphan-induced blood pressure reduction was inversely related to the acute dose of ANG II, consistent with a constrictor action of ANG II on vascular smooth muscle and withdrawal of sympathetic tone. During chronic ANG II infusion, the entire increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) was inhibited by trimethaphan, consistent with neural mediation. During acute ANG II hypertension, the AT1-specific receptor blocker losartan induced a large fall in MAP (64 +/- 4 mmHg) in ganglion-blocked (chlorisondamine) rats, whereas, during chronic ANG II hypertension, losartan had only a small hypotensive effect (11 +/- 3 mmHg). To determine the time course of the change from vascular smooth muscle action to neural action, we measured MAP in response to trimethaphan during the first 24 h of ANG II infusion. After 5 h, the minimal MAP in response to trimethaphan was significantly higher than that before ANG II. After 10 h of infusion, trimethaphan decreased MAP to pre-ANG II levels. That is, the neural component was fully active after only 10 h of infusion in rats. Finally, chronic administration of ANG II resulted in a dose-related increase in MAP that, at all doses, was completely inhibited by trimethaphan. These findings are consistent with ANG II acting primarily on vascular smooth muscle during acute infusion and via neural pathways during chronic treatment. The transition from direct smooth muscle to indirect neural action is rapid in rats (< 10 h), and the MAP and neural responses to ANG II are dose related during chronic hypertension.