Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical calculations of the total ac loss of Cu-stabilized YBa2Cu3O7−δ coated conductor with a ferromagnetic substrate

A numerical model is developed to calculate the total alternating-current (ac) loss of Cu-stabilized YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) coated conductors with a ferromagnetic substrate when carrying an alternating transport current in an ac background magnetic field. The time evolutions of current and magnetic field distributions along the width of the conductor are calculated by solving the one-dimensional Poisson equation for the magnetic vector potential. In addition to the ac loss dissipated in the superconducting layer, the ferromagnetic loss in the substrate and eddy current loss in the Cu stabilizer are also modeled. In the calculations, the superconducting voltage-current behavior is assumed to follow a power law. The model is capable of addressing other practical aspects of YBCO conductors, including the field dependence of the critical current density, and n value, and nonuniformities in the conductor. The magnetic shielding of the ferromagnetic substrate, however, was ignored in the calculations. Numerical res.
Analysis of spectra in reverse overwrite

When a new data pattern is written on top of the old information, the interferences induced by the old data pattern at /spl omega//sub 1/, could be present in the spectrum of the new data pattern. Usually an excellent overwrite (OVW) performance has to be guaranteed for two cases, namely, the case where a low linear density background pattern is overwritten by a high linear density data pattern, and the reverse case. Recently Philip Steiner has shown some interesting reverse overwrite (ROVW) phenomena on perpendicular recording scheme. Here, a general model is proposed for describing reverse overwrite spectra.
Targeting the endocannabinoid system in the amygdala kindling model of temporal lobe epilepsy in mice

The endocannabinoid system can be considered as a putative target to affect ictogenesis as well as the generation of a hyperexcitable epileptic network. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of a CB1 receptor agonist (WIN55.212‐2) and of an inhibitor of the enzymatic degradation of the endocannabinoid anandamide (fatty acid hydrolase inhibitor URB597) in the amygdala kindling model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Only minor effects on seizure thresholds and seizure parameters without a clear dose‐dependency were observed in fully kindled mice. When evaluating the impact on kindling acquisition, WIN55.212‐2 significantly delayed the progression of seizure severity. In contrast, URB597 did not affect the development of seizures in the kindling paradigm. Analysis of cell proliferation and neurogenesis during the kindling process revealed that URB597 significantly reduced the number of newborn neurons. These data give first evidence that CB1‐receptor activation might render a disease‐modifying approach. Future studies are necessary that further analyze the role of CB1 receptors and to confirm the efficacy of CB1‐receptor agonists in other models of chronic epilepsy.
Use of an Optimized 1,2‐Indanedione Process for the Development of Latent Prints *

Abstract: 1,2‐Indanedione belongs to a class of compounds which have demonstrated great potential in the processing of latent prints, particularly in the area of fluorescence. However, variability in results achieved worldwide has precluded it from being used extensively. In order to isolate the cause of this variability, various components of the formulation were analyzed, including purity level of the indanedione, type of carrier solvent, and the use of ZnCl2 both as a secondary application and incorporated into the reagent. Using a resultant optimized formulation (Ind‐Zn), performance comparisons were then made in the areas of visible color development, fluorescence, and degree of substrate staining with those of 1,8‐diazafluoren‐9‐one (DFO) for both fresh and aged prints. Moisture content of the paper substrates on which the prints had been deposited was measured and a correlation found with percentage ambient relative humidity (% RH). Determination of visible color and fluorescence as it corresponded to percentage moisture content allowed for defining critical threshold levels necessary for achieving optimal results. Correlating these values with % RH then allowed for the development of standard operating procedures for obtaining best possible print development. Through this work, it was determined that a 7.4% v/v formulation of Ind‐Zn having petroleum ether as a carrier solvent yielded the most optimal results when processing methods optimized for % RH in the laboratory were utilized. Both initial color development and fluorescence were superior to that of DFO; prints developed with Ind‐Zn were a minimum of 6.5 units dE* darker and more red than with DFO for all substrates tested. Processing with Ind‐Zn on the majority of the substrates examined yielded fluorescence intensity values approximately four times greater than with DFO.
Simulation study of irradiated Si sensors equipped with metal-overhang for applications in LHC environment

The performance of metal-overhang (MO) equipped silicon micro-strip sensors, after irradiation for the preshower detector to be used in compact muon solenoid (CMS)experiment at the large hadron collider (LHC), CERN, has been studied through simulations. Detailed calculations using Hamburg model have allowed the parameterization of these effects and helped to simulate the operation scenario of MO equipped sensors over ten years of LHC operation. The utility of overhanging metal extension as junction termination technique after space charge sign inversion (SCSI) has been explored in detail for the first time in this work. Several interesting results like a shift in the optimal oxide thickness in MO equipped structures after irradiation have been reported. The comparison of dielectric and semi-insulator passivated MO equipped structures after irradiation has been studied. Also, the impact of various crucial geometrical parameters like device depth (W/sub N/), width of back N/sup +/ layer used for ohmic contact (W/sub N//sup +/), strip width (W), strip pitch (P) and width of overhang extension (W/sub MO/) on the MO equipped structure after SCSI has been presented in detail.
Interaction of Neuritic Plaques and Education Predicts Dementia

In exploring the cognitive reserve hypothesis in persons with substantial Alzheimer disease neuropathology, we aimed to determine the extent to which educational attainment and densities of diffuse plaques, neuritic plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles predict dementia. Participants were 1563 individuals aged 65 years or above who were assessed for dementia within 1 year of death. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine whether education and density ratings of diffuse plaques and neuritic plaques, and neurofibrillary tangle stage were associated with a dementia diagnosis. Education interacted with densities of neuritic plaques to predict dementia. Tangle density independently predicted dementia, but did not interact with education. Diffuse plaque density was unrelated to dementia when adjusted for densities of neuritic plaques and tangles. Among individuals with Alzheimer disease neuropathology, educational attainment, as a surrogate of cognitive reserve, modifies the influence of neuritic, but not diffuse, plaque neuropathology on the expression of dementia.
EVIDENCE FOR THE MONOMERIZATION OF SPORE PHOTOPRODUCT TO TWO THYMINES BY THE LIGHT‐INDEPENDENT “SPORE REPAIR” PROCESS IN BACILLUS SUBTILIS

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) induces a unique photoproduct in DNA of bacterial spores (Donnellan and Setlow, 1965) which appears responsible for a major part of the observed killing (Donnellan and Stafford, 1968). The chemical structure of this “spore photoproduct,” after acid hydrolysis of the DNA, has been identified by Varghese (1970) as mostly 5-thyminyl-5,6-dihydrothymine [Thy@-5)hThy, or TDHT]. In Bacillus subtilis this photoproduct may be removed after spore germination by at least two distinct dark repair processes (Munakata and Rupert, 1972, 1974). One of these, which converts TDHT-containing regions of DNA into acid-soluble fragments, has been identified as “excision repair,” controlled by the same genes which regulate the excision of cyclobutadipyrimidines in the vegetative cells. The other process, which destroys the chemical structure of TDHT in situ, is designated as “spore repair,” and is genetically controlled by the ssp, gene. This destruction was originally observed by Donnellan and Stafford in B. megaterium (1968) and, as suggested by these authors, may involve conversion of the “spore photoproduct” back to two adjacent thymine residues. So far, the only evidence for the restoration of “spore photoproduct” to two thymine residues by “spore repair” has been that the radioactive label associated with it disappears from the acid-insoluble fraction after germination, without reappearing either in the acid-soluble fraction or in any identifiable new peak on the paper chromatograms of hydrolyzed acid-insoluble material (Donnellan and Stafford, 1968; Munakata and Rupert, 1974). This remains true regardless of whether the thymine label is located in a methyl hydrogen or in one of the ring carbons (Munakata and Rupert, 1974). It would be entirely possible, however, for the “spore photoproduct” to be metabolized to products lost in the preparation of samples for chromatographic analyses, or to be converted to products which co-chromatograph with thymine in the solvent systems used, thus escaping detection. In the present work, we have further examined these possibilities, and report additional evidence that the ”spore repair” process simply restores TDHT to thymine, leaving the DNA backbone intact at the end of the process.
Constitutive and induced subterranean plant volatiles attract both entomopathogenic and plant parasitic nematodes

1. Indirect plant defences are well documented for the above‐ground constituents of plants. Although less investigated to date, below‐ground defences that mediate multitrophic interactions are equally important. Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema diaprepesi) are attracted to herbivore‐induced volatiles from Swingle var. (Citrus paradisi×Poncirus trifoliata) when fed upon by root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus.
Calculus of pseudo-Boolean functions

The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework for the calculus of pseudo-Boolean function (PBF). Using semitensor product (STP) of matrices, this paper generalizes the calculus of Boolean functions (BF) to PBF. First, the derivative of PBF is defined. Using the algebraic form of PBFs, the formula for the derivative of a PBF is obtained. Then, the integral of a PBF is also defined as the inverse of the derivative. By generalizing the MacLaurin expansion of BF to PBF, a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of the indefinite integral of a PBF is proved.
Asymptotically optimal design of congestion control for high speed data networks

The basic mechanism of sliding windows for the congestion control of virtual circuits is examined. A problem concerning the optimal design of windows is formulated and formulas for basic quantities of interest, such as throughput, delay and moments of packet queues, in the optimal operating regime as well as in other regimes, are obtained. All results are asymptotic, in which the main parameter is lambda , the delay-bandwidth product. It is shown that K* approximately lambda +O( square root lambda ), where K* is the optimum window size. Also, in the optimal operating regime, the steady-state mean and standard deviation of the queued packets at individual nodes O( square root / lambda ). The design consequences are examined in the contexts of adaptive dynamic windowing, buffer sizing, and shared versus separate buffers in the case of multiple virtual circuits. >
A Trusted Authentication Protocol based on SDIO Smart Card for DRM

Terminals security vulnerabilities makes DRM researches to focus on trusted computing technology in recent years, however, no efficient and practical trusted authentication protocol is presented, especially with formal proof. To attest the integrity when access to the DRM server, the DRM client need perform mutual authentication and key agreement with the server first, and then use the sharing key to encrypt the integrity values. A novel trusted authentication protocol based on SDIO smart card is presented together with its formal security proof. The proposed protocol is composed of registration phase, login phase, identity authentication and key agreement phase, and integrity attestation phase. In contrast to other corrective schemes through attack resisting analysis and computational cost analysis, the proposed scheme is able to provide greater security and practicality to guarantee the trust attestation for DRM.
Fluorouracil and high-dose leucovorin in previously treated patients with metastatic breast cancer.

The efficacy and toxicity of leucovorin 500 mg/m2 administered intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes daily for five days followed in one hour by fluorouracil (5-FU) 375 mg/m2 administered IV daily for five days, each given every 3 weeks, was assessed in 54 previously treated patients with metastatic breast cancer. An overall objective response rate of 24% was achieved (95% confidence interval, 13% to 38%), with an additional 56% of patients maintaining stable disease. Eleven of 12 patients who responded had received previous 5-FU therapy. Toxicity of this regimen included grade 3 diarrhea in 13%, grade 3 or 4 mucositis in 33%, grade 3 or 4 granulocytopenia in 65%, and grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia in 19%. Delay of treatment was required for hematologic toxicity in 44 patients. Thirty-eight patients required dose reductions due to toxicity. Biochemical evaluation of tumor biopsy specimens obtained from 17 patients used as their own controls with and without leucovorin was performed. These studies reveal an increased stabilization of the 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate (FdUMP)-thymidylate synthase (TS) folate ternary complex with the addition of leucovorin. There was a 71% +/- 14% occupancy or inhibition of the enzyme with the use of both 5-FU and leucovorin, v 30% +/- 13% for 5-FU alone (P2 less than .037). The percent TS bound in responding patients was substantially higher than in those patients with progressive disease. Finally, the mean total tumor TS pre-therapy in seven patients was 31 fmol/mg compared with a mean of 81 fmol/mg in these same seven patients 24 hours after therapy. This 2.6-fold increase suggests that there is an induction of the enzyme, TS, with 5-FU treatment.
A REVIEW ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FINITE ELEMENT METHOD TO HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID FLOW

Practical engineering problems in heat transfer and fluid flow involve one or more governing equations, together with some boundary conditions over a domain. The domain is often complex and non-uniform. The ability to use a mesh of finite elements to accurately discretise domain of any size and shape makes the finite element method a powerful tool to numerically analyse problems in these areas. This paper reviews the applications of finite element approaches in heat transfer and fluid flow, and highlights some recent advances in this method. These include improvements in methodology and mesh adaptivity, as well as techniques to improve the efficiency and estimate the error bounds. Some aspects closely related to the finite volume method have also been investigated.
Causes of morbidity and mortality after ruptured aneurysm surgery in a series of 230 patients. The importance of control angiography.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the causes of morbidity and mortality after surgery for ruptured aneurysms. METHODS Two hundred thirty consecutive patients were studied. Initial hemorrhage volume and vasospasm were evaluated preoperatively with CT, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, and angiography. Nimodipine infusion was started before surgery. Preoperative clinical status was evaluated according to Hunt and Hess grading criteria. Surgery was performed early in 186 patients (81%). Control angiography, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, and CT were performed routinely after surgery. Hypodense areas revealed by control CT were related to intracerebral initial hematoma, vasospasm, postoperative thrombosis, or spatula hyperpressure. RESULTS Clinical outcome was excellent or good (Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS] scores of 1 or 2) in 176 patients (77%), 17 (7%) were disabled (GOS score of 3), and 37 (16%) were vegetative or dead. In patients in good condition (grades I to III) preoperatively (n = 200), 38 had an unfavorable outcome (GOS score of 2, 3, 4, or 5). The major cause of complication was postoperative thrombosis (42%). In patients in poor condition (grade IV or V) (n = 30), 27 had an unfavorable outcome. The major cause of complication was initial bleeding (66%). Vasospasm was responsible for delayed ischemic deficit in 9 patients (3.9% of the total population). CONCLUSIONS Systematic angiography remains by far the best means for determining the cause of a poor postoperative course.
Effect of dietary zeaxanthin on tissue distribution of zeaxanthin and lutein in quail.

PURPOSE The xanthophyll carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin) are hypothesized to delay progression of age-related macular degeneration. The quail has a cone-dominant retina that accumulates carotenoids. The purpose of these experiments was to characterize the carotenoid composition of retina, serum, liver, and fat in quail and to determine whether dietary enrichment with zeaxanthin alters zeaxanthin or lutein concentrations in these tissues. METHODS Quail were fed for 6 months with a commercial turkey diet (T group; n = 8), carotenoid-deficient diet (C- group; n = 8), or a carotenoid-deficient diet supplemented with 35 mg 3R,3'R-zeaxanthin per kilogram of food, (Z+ group; n = 8). Zeaxanthin was derived from Sphingobacterium multivorum (basonym Flavobacterium). Carotenoids in serum, retina, liver, and fat were analyzed by HPLC. RESULTS As in the primate fovea, the retina accumulated zeaxanthin, lutein, and cryptoxanthin, and preferentially absorbed zeaxanthin (P < 0.005). In contrast, lutein was preferentially absorbed by liver (P < 0.01) and fat (P < 0.0001). In supplemented females, zeaxanthin increased approximately 4-fold in retina, and 74-, 63- and 22-fold in serum, liver, and fat, respectively. In males, zeaxanthin was elevated approximately 3-fold in retina, and 42-, 17-, and 12-fold in serum, liver, and fat, respectively. Birds fed the Z+ diet absorbed a higher fraction of dietary lutein into serum, but lutein was reduced in the retina (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Xanthophyll profiles in quail mimic those in primates. Dietary supplements of zeaxanthin effectively increased zeaxanthin concentrations in serum, retina, liver, and fat. The robust response to zeaxanthin supplementation identifies the quail as an animal model for exploration of factors regulating delivery of dietary carotenoids to the retina.
The effect of cell resolution on depressions in Digital Elevation Models

A proper understanding of the occurrence of depressions is necessary to understand how they affect the processing of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for hydrological analysis. While the effect of DEM cell resolution on common terrain derivatives has been well established, this is not well understood for depressions. The more widespread availability of high resolution DEMs derived through Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) technologies presents new challenges and opportunities for the characterization of depressions. A 6-meter LIDAR DEM for a study watershed in North Carolina was used to determine the effect of DEM cell resolution on the occurrence of depressions. The number of depressions was found to increase with smaller cell sizes, following an inverse power relationship. Scale-dependency was also found for the average depression surface area, average depression volume, total depression area and total depression volume. Results indicate that for this study area the amount of depressions in terms of surface area and volume is at a minimum for cell sizes around 30 to 61 meters. In this resolution range there will still be many artificial depressions, but their presence is less than at lower or higher resolutions. At finer scales, the (small) vertical error of the LIDAR DEM needs to be considered and introduces a large number of small and shallow artificial depressions. At coarser scales, the terrain variability is no longer reliably represented and a substantial number of large and sometimes deep artificial depressions is created. The results presented here support the conclusion that the use of the highest resolution and most accurate data, such as LIDARderived DEMs, may not result in the most reliable estimates of terrain derrivatives unless proper consideration is given to the scale-dependency of the parameters being studied.
ROBLEMS IN C OMPUTER V ISION USING A DVERSARIAL I MAGINATION P RIORS

Given an image, humans effortlessly run the image formation process backwards in their minds: they can tell albedo from shading, foreground from background, and imagine the occluded parts of the scene behind foreground objects. In this work, we propose a weakly supervised inversion machine trained to generate similar imaginations that when rendered using differentiable, graphics-like decoders, produce the original visual input. We constrain the imagination spaces by providing exemplar memory repositories in the form of foreground segmented objects, albedo, shading, background scenes and imposing adversarial losses on the imagination spaces. Our model learns to perform such inversion with weak supervision, without ever having seen paired annotated data, that is, without having seen the image paired with the corresponding ground-truth imaginations. We demonstrate our method by applying it to three Computer Vision tasks: image in-painting, intrinsic decomposition and object segmentation, each task having its own differentiable renderer. Data driven adversarial imagination priors effectively guide inversion, minimize the need for hand designed priors of smoothness or good continuation, or the need for paired annotated data. Consider Figure 1. We imagine a missing triangle occluding three small black circles rather than three carefully arranged pacman shapes – which is what the pixels depict. In (b), we do not perceive two parts of the sea separated by a standing person, rather a continuous sea landscape. In (c), we explain the input as a ”masked 8” rather than two semicircles. Consistent explanations of visual observations in terms of familiar concepts and memories we call “imaginations”. Imaginations invert the image formation process and propose 3D shape, camera pose, scene layering, spatial layout, albedo, shading, inpainted, un-occluded perceptions of the world, necessary for the understanding of the visual scene and interaction with it. Gestalt philosophers (Smith (1988)) proposed a set or principles to explain formation of such percepts, such as, closure, center surround pop-out, good continuity, smoothness etc, which many works attempt to hand design principles to incorporate those into computational frameworks of e.g., perceptual grouping (Yu (2003)). In this work, we present a learning-based inversion model that uses data-driven priors instead. We propose a computational model that addresses inverse problems in Computer Vision using adversarial imagination priors. Figure 2 illustrates our model. It is comprised of a generator neural network that given a visual input predicts visual imaginations, such as, in-painted image, un-occluded background scene, object segmentation, albedo and shading etc. Relevant memories, assumed to +