Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critical issues in lean manufacturing programs: A case study in Kurdish iron & steel factories

Abstract The main idea of lean manufacturing is actually simple and means relentlessly work on eliminating waste from the manufacturing process. However, after implementing these systems, many organizations find it difficult to achieve the desired results of them. Thus, the lean manufacturing remains an important area of research. For the importance of what was presented, this paper tries to investigate the critical issues affecting the success of implementing lean manufacturing programs in the iron and steel factories in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. To achieve this end, the mixed methods represented in a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews to collect the data in the framework of the case study were chosen. The questionnaire instrument already has been tested. The results of the study revealed that the importance of management commitment and allocate resources, ethical train the workforce and ethical instructions as the critical success issues of lean implementation. Based on the findings, the organization managements are recommended to provide financial and moral support to employees to enable a successful implementation of lean manufacturing aimed at obtaining the desired results of them.
Biological activities of Amoora rohituka Roxb. Leaf extracts through dose-mortality, insect repellency, cytotoxicity, larvicidal and antimicrobial assays

Biological activities of Petroleum ether (Pet. ether), CHCl3, CH3OH and EtOAc extracts of Amoora rohituka leaf were tested against the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.) adults for dose-mortality and insect repellent activity; against eggplant aphid Aphis gossypii Glover for repellent activity; against brine shrimp Artemia salina L. nauplii for cytotoxicity; against larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say for larvicidal activity; and against five bacteria and fungi for anti-microbial activity. The dose-mortality observed for Pet. ether, EtOAc and CHCl3 extracts with LD50 values 1.769, 1.049, 0.871 and 0.249mg cm-2; 2.099, 1.047, 0.927 and 0.819mg cm-2; and 2.847, 2.126, 2.053, 1.806mg cm-2 for 12, 24, 36 and 48h of exposure respectively, whereas CH3OH extract did not show any mortality against the adult beetles of T. castaneum. The CHCl3, CH3OH and EtOAc extracts showed promising repellent activity against T. castaneum adults at P
Determining the Relative Age of Fault Activity through Analyses of Gouge Mineralogy and Geochemistry: A Case Study from Vápenná (Rychleby Mts), Czech Republic

The relative age of fractures can be determined through structural analyses in the field or through the detailed mineralogical (XRD) and chemical analyses (AAS method, volumetric, and gravimetric analysis) of fault gouge in the laboratory. The aim of this work was to compare these approaches. It was hypothesised that the two methods would yield consistent results. The studied faults were located in the Rychleby Mts, part of the Sudetic Marginal Fault Zone. The relative age of the faults was determined in the field through the application of the intersection law. The fault gouges were sampled in a crystalline limestone quarry near the village of Vapenna. The mineralogical composition of the fault gouges has been established by XRD analysis of powder samples and analysis of preferentially oriented clay minerals. From our result, it is clear that these two approaches yielded consistent results with regard to the relative age of the faults.
A Cognitive Model of the Writing Process in Adults. Final Report.

The ability to write effectively is important for achievemett in postsecondary education and in professional life. Yet the ability to use writing as a practical and intellectual skill has eluded many adults. The three main objectives of this research project on adult writing were to identify the major cognitive processes involved in expository writing; to test a model of the organization of these processes; and to identify teachable aids which could be used by poor and average adult writers to improve their writing skills. Subjects for the project were competent and non-competent writers at Carnegie-Mellon University. The research method employed was that of protocol analysis; each student was asked to think aloud as he performed writing tasks. These protocols enabled the principal investigators to better understand the cognitive processes involved in writing and to develop a model of composition. This research on the composing process has a number of implications for teaching including these three important observations: 1. ) There are important differences in how expert and novice writers handle the process of writing; 2. ) Many of the strategies employed by experienced writers are teachable; and 3. ) One of the most promising areas for improving students' writing is in the neglected art of planning. Teaching students to plan what and what to say and to learn while they write can offer them a very useful skill.
Chronic effects of exhausting exercise and overtraining on the immune response: Th1 and Th2 profile

Although physical inactivity figures as one of the main causes attributed to mortality, the damage caused by excessive exercise is also a reality. Professional athletes, amateur or uncompetitive modalities beneficiaries are often affected by deleterious conditions resulting from excessive exercise, such as neurological, endocrine and immune origin. The thin line between losses and benefits of successive fatiguing sessions effort depends on the understanding of concepts and methodological training principles. Exercise may have a paradoxical relationship and its consistent prescription in terms of public health depends on a better understanding of their cellular mechanisms. In this sense, the purpose of this review was to explore a promising topic in sports science, able to contribute to elucidate such mechanisms: Th1 and Th2 profile of the immune response related with chronic exhausting exercise and overtraining.
Effects of LES sub‐grid flow structure on particle deposition in a plane channel with a ribbed wall

Transport and deposition of aerosol particles in a plane channel with a ribbed wall are studied in order to investigate the effects of the turbulent flow structure on particle deposition. In this paper, kinematic simulation (KS) has been adapted to be a sub‐grid model for particles, in conjunction with large eddy simulation (LES) in real space with boundaries. KS is a Lagrangian model of turbulent dispersion that takes into account the effects of spatio‐temporal flow structure on particle dispersion. It is a unified Lagrangian model of one‐, two‐ and indeed multi‐particle turbulent dispersion and can easily be used as a Lagrangian sub‐grid model for LES codes, thus enabling complex geometry to be taken into account. To study the effect of small‐scale flow structures on particle deposition in the ribbed channel flow, we use a validated LES code to simulate the flow field, and KS to model the sub‐grid flow structures. Thus, the large scales are resolved by the simulation and the small scales are modelled using various sub‐grid models. As none of the existing sub‐grid models is known to have taken into account the effects of small‐scale turbulent flow structures on particle deposition, it is important to use KS's ability to remodel the sub‐grid velocity field and thereby incorporate its effect on particle deposition. The parameters of our simulations for LES are the Reynolds number, width of the channel, height of the rib and sub‐gridmodel parameters. For KS, the parameters are the energy dissipation rate obtained from LES, the energy spectra, ratio of the largest and smallest sub‐grid scales and the total number of modes for the sub‐grid velocity field. The turbulent flow features thus obtained are compared with published experimental data in a ribbed channel. Our results suggest that while the small‐scale (sub‐grid) turbulent flow structures have negligible effects on particles with large relaxation times (compared with the Kolmogorov dissipation time scale), deposition of the particles with small relaxation times in the ribbed channel can be affected by these sub‐grids. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards Standardized Dissolution Techniques for In Vitro Performance Testing of Dry Powder Inhalers

The pulmonary route of administration is used for both locally and systemically acting drugs. However, knowledge gaps about the fate of aerosol particles after deposition in the lung provide room for future elucidation. During pharmaceutical development as well as in quality control of oral inhalation products, in vitro performance tests are required for discriminating between formulations and to prove batch-to-batch consistency. Although the aerodynamic particle size distribution is widely recognized as the pivotal performance parameter, there is still no standardized test for in vitro dissolution testing. This review summarizes the in vitro performance testing methodologies developed for orally inhaled drug product (OIDP) evaluation, with a focus on dissolution testing of dry powders for inhalation. The dissolution setups used, together with the media, membranes, and methods employed for collecting the relevant particle fraction, are presented. With a clear focus on in vitro dissolution testing, particle size distribution is regarded as a physical reduction to the relevant moiety of the specimen to be sampled for subsequent testing.
Soluble trace metals in aerosols over the tropical south east Pacific offshore of Peru

Soluble trace metals in aerosols over the tropical south east Pacific offshore of Peru A. R. Baker, M. Thomas, H. W. Bange, and E. Plasencia Sánchez Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK Marine Biogeochemie, GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany Facultad de Ingeniería Geológica, Minera y Metalúrgica, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Perú Dirección General de Investigación y Asuntos Ambientales, Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú SENAMHI, Lima, Peru
Risk management: Event managers' attitudes, beliefs, and perceived constraints

Events draw large crowds of people together within defined spaces and as such have the potential to have significant impacts. Occupational health and safety requirements, legal duty of care, and the capacity of organizations to deal with risks and crisis are important considerations for the sustainability of event organizations and events themselves. To date there has been a paucity of research analyzing the adoption and implementation of event risk management by event organizers, and in particular the influence that managerial attitudes and beliefs may have on the implementation of risk planning behavior. This article aims to identify event managers' attitude and beliefs concerning risk management as well as explore social influencers and perceived constraints to implementing risk management planning. The research adopts a qualitative methodology to address the research aim and uses Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a framework for exploring event managers' risk, attitudes, beliefs, and perceived constraints. Semistructured interviews with 11 event managers were undertaken, drawn from South East Queensland, Australia. Respondents had positive event risk planning attitudes, which were influenced by beliefs relating to safety, compliance, decision making, and professionalism. However, seven perceived constraints were also identified as important in influencing risk planning in an event context. The findings suggest event managers' attitudes, beliefs, and perceived constraints vary considerably based on previous experience, size of event organization, and level of professionalism. The article discusses these findings and recommends future research to inform more sustainable event practices in the future.
Balanced decisions and unbiased reporting in bioscience and medicine

In this editorial we comment on editorial policies of the Journal of Bioscience and Medicine (JBM) in relation to advancing the knowledge base in bioscience and medicine. These include a rapid review process, a free open publication format, an emphasis on “building block” research as well as novel studies, no limitation in word count, open discussion and active distribution of papers to a relevant audience of scientific colleagues; and most importantly, publication of both positive and negative results papers. We argue that given the role probability in science and self-correcting nature of scientific inquiry, the scientific community must have access to the full range of evidence for and against specific hypotheses and associations; from this perspective, negative results in papers meeting quality standards should be treated no differently than positive results. Moreover, we suggest specific guidelines for presenting negative results, reviewing negative results, and most importantly, deciding when to submit negative results to peer review. Among these guidelines is the GRADE (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach to evaluating the quality of the research and presentation of data in formats reasonable for interpretation of negative and positive finding. More generally we argue that one of the most significant reasons that negative results are not published is the reluctance of investigators to publish negative results. We suggest that positive decisions to submit negative results data may be more likely for journals such as JBM that publish both positive and negative results in a balanced fashion rather than focusing on either negative and positive results papers.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF DOMYATI DUCKLINGS FED DIFFERENT LEVELS OF COCONUT OIL

This study aimed to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of coconut oil levels on some physiological and immunological responses in ducklings during growing period (28-89 day of age). A total number of 120 Domyati ducklings, 28day old were used, weighted 530-545 g and divided into four experimental groups, each of three replicates to determine the effects of feeding diets contained different levels of coconut oil (CO) as a medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) source. The experimental groups were arranged as follows: The first as a control group (G1) which received basal diet without any supplementation, while the second, third and fourth groups (G2, G3 and G4) were received diet contained CO by 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 %, respectively. The results revealed that, percentages of heterophils and lymphocytes were significantly (P≤0.01) lower and higher, respectively, for Domyati ducklings in G4 than those in the control group (G1). Some blood hematological values (Hb and RBCs) did not significantly affected by different CO levels. The ratio of hetrophil to lymphocytes (H/L) was significantly (P≤0.01) lower for Domyati ducklings in G2 and G4 than those in G1. Spleen and thymus indexes were significantly (P≤0.05) increased in treated groups compared to the control one. Moreover, dietary CO levels caused to increase the values of plasma IgG, IgM and IgA concentrations than that of the control group. The different dietary levels of CO significantly influence the lipid peroxidation (LPO) by decreasing MDA values. Conclusively, ducklings fed diet supplemented with 1.5 or 2% CO had heavy immune organs weights, and high plasma levels of immunoglobulins, which collectively suggested as an improvement in the immune response.
Does Unmeasured Ability Explain Inter-Industry Wage Differentials?

This paper provides empirical assessments of the two leading explanations of measured inter-industry wage differentials: (1) true wage differentials exist across industries, and (2) the measured differentials simply reflect unmeasured differences in workers' productive abilities. First, we summarize the existing evidence on the unmeasured-ability explanation, which is based on first-differenced regressions using patched Current Population Survey (CPS) data. We argue that these existing approaches implicitly hypothesize that unmeasured productive ability is equally rewarded in all industries. Second, we construct a simple model in which unmeasured ability in not equally valued in all industries; instead, there is matching. This model illustrates two endogeneity problems inherent in the first-differenced regressions using CPS data: whether a worker changes jobs in endogenous, as is the industry of the new job the worker finds. Third, we propose two new empirical approaches designed to minimize these endogeneity problems. We implement these procedures on a sample that allows us to approximate the experiment of exogenous job loss: a sample of workers displaced by plant closings. We conclude from our findings using this sample that neither of the contending explanations fits the evidence without recourse to awkward modifications, but that a modified version of the true-industry-effects explanation fits more easily than does any existing version of the unmeasured-ability explanation.
Levels of persistent organic pollutants in eastern North Atlantic humpback whales

Blubber lipid concentrations of 14 organochlorine compounds and 10 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were measured by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection in eastern North Atlantic humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae from Cape Verde (n = 20) and Ireland (n = 4). Concentrations were statistically compared to those from 20 samples collected from the Gulf of Maine in the western North Atlantic. Pollutant burdens were compared using males only, in order to circum- vent biases associated with reproductive offloading. Lipid-normalised PCB concentrations were below the estimated threshold toxicity value of 17 000 ng g �1 for blubber in marine mammals. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), PCB and chlordane concentrations were an order of mag - nitude lower than those previously reported for Gulf of Maine humpback whales and higher than those reported from the North Pacific Ocean. Higher concentrations of lower-chlorinated PCB con- geners (28, 31 and 52), hexachlorocyclohexanes and hexachlorobenzene in males in eastern North At- lantic sites is consistent with higher latitude feeding grounds. Lower p,p'-DDE (dich loro di phe nyl - dichloroethane):ΣDDT ratios suggest that whales from the eastern North Atlantic harbour more recent inputs of DDT. The ΣDDTs:ΣPCBs ratio was higher for males from Cape Verde (1.69) and Ireland (1.44), indicating proportionately greater sources of agricultural rather than industrial sources of pol- lutants than for the Gulf of Maine whales (0.75). We demonstrate potential for persistent organochlo- rine pollutants (POPs) as tracers to determine foraging ground provenance for samples collected on breeding grounds in the North Atlantic. Low concentrations suggest that POPs are unlikely to be a factor in the poor recovery rate of humpback whales in Cape Verde.
Technical and Energy Assessment of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Systems applied to the UAE Office Buildings

In the market, the embodied energy payback time (EPBT) is the scale to measure and compare the viability of PV systems against other technologies. Although the impact of PV panels on the operational energy is significant, it is not considered at the time of EPBT estimation. Including savings in operational energy gained over the PV system life leads to shortening the total EPBT. This study shows that the ratio between PV outputs and savings in energy due to PV panels is about 1:3. For the southern and western PV facades of the UAE office buildings, the embodied energy payback time is 12-13 years. When reductions in operational energy are considered the payback time can be reduced to 3 years. It is obvious that the reduction in the operational energy due to the PV panels represents an important factor when the EPBT is estimated
The Four-C's of Third Sector- Government Relations

All over the world, we see trends of increasing interactionbetween the third sector and governments. Is this the “start of abeautiful friendship” or are they already “too close for comfort”? This article argues that the nature of these complex relationshipsis poorly understood and often simpliﬁed. It proposes a four-Cframework based on institutional interests and preferences forpolicy ends and means—cooperation in the case of similar endsand similar means, confrontation in the case of dissimilarends and dissimilar means, complementarity in the case of sim-ilar ends but dissimilar means, and co-optation in the case ofdissimilar ends but similar means.T
A framework for maintenance 4.0

The rapid development of new low-cost sensors of reasonable processing power have led to the introduction of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) to support maintenance, which in turn together with a scalable, two level data processing architecture has taken maintenance as such to a new level i.e. Maintenance 4.0. The potential of CPS to support maintenance is explained, and it is related to the requirements set upon the sensors, such as robustness, communication capabilities, intelligence, small size, etc. A new framework and architecture with support for Health management, Prognostics and Collaborative decision-making functionalities that takes the full advantage of the above introduced new technologies is described both theoretically and in the light of some industrial use case examples. A comparative between the approaches implemented in the use cases brings light into the maintenance possibilities to address in such a framework.
Early Carboniferous (Late Tournaisian–Early Viséan) ostracods from the Ballagan Formation, central Scotland, UK

The Ballagan Formation (Late Tournaisian–Early Viséan) of central Scotland yields an ostracod fauna of 14 species in ten genera, namely Beyrichiopsis, Cavellina, Glyptolichvinella, Glyptopleura, Knoxiella, Paraparchites, Sansabella, Shemonaella, Silenites and Sulcella. The ostracods, in combination with palynomorphs, are important biostratigraphical indices for correlating the rock sequences, where other means of correlation, especially goniatites, conodonts, foraminifera, brachiopods or corals are absent. Stratigraphical distribution of the ostracods, calibrated with well-established palynomorph biozones, identifies three informally defined intervals: a sub-CM palynomorph Biozone interval with poor ostracod assemblages including Shemonaella scotoburdigalensis; a succeeding interval within the CM palynomorph Biozone where Cavellina coela, Cavellina incurvescens, Sansabella amplectans and the new species Knoxiella monarchella and Paraparchites discus first appear; and, an upper interval, in the upper CM Biozone, marked by the appearance of Sulcella affiliata. At least locally in central Scotland, S. affiliata permits a level of resolution equivalent to a sub-zonal upper division of the CM Biozone. The fauna, flora, sedimentology and stable isotope composition (δ13C and δ18O) of carbonate minerals in the Ballagan Formation suggest the ostracods inhabited brackish, hypersaline and ephemeral aquatic ecologies in a coastal floodplain setting.