Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of the information content of the term structure of interest rates

The objective of this paper is to analyse the information content of the term structure of interest rates in Belgium. It is, however, well known that the intermediate target of Belgian monetary policy is the stabilisation of the DM/BF exchange rate. This type of policy has produced close links between Belgian and German interest rates and therefore between both countries' term structures. Hence, the analysis of the Belgian term structure cannot be isolated from what happens in Germany and our analysis is therefore extended to include the information content of the term structure of German interest rates as well.
Effects of miR-144 on the biological behavior of A 549 lung cancer cells

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the expression of microRNA-144 (miR-144) in human lung cancer, evaluating its effects on the biological behavior of A549 lung cancer cells. Methods: Expression of miR-144 in lung cancer tissues was detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Stable transfected A549 lung cancer cell lines were established by transfecting A549 cells with lentiviral vector-mediated miR-144. A blank control group was set up. Effects of miR-144 on cellular proliferation were detected by CCK-8 assay and the impact of miR-144 on cloning of lung cancer cells was observed. The TUNEL method was used to identify cell apoptosis. An experiment of subcutaneous xenografts of lung cancer in mice was performed for observation of the impact of miR-144 on xenograft tumor size. Results: miR-144 expression in lung cancer tissues was markedly lower than in normal adjacent lung tissues (P<0.001). Expression of miR-144 in A549 cells, which were transfected by lentiviral vector-mediated miR-144, was substantially higher than that in normal adjacent lung tissues (P<0.001). Moreover, stable transfected cell lines were successfully screened. Compared with blank control and Lenti-NC groups, proliferative activity and colony formation rates of A549 cells in the Lenti-miR-144 group were significantly lower (both P<0.001), the apoptosis rate of A549 cells was significantly higher (both P<0.001), and the size of xenograft tumors was significantly lower at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks, respectively (all P<0.001). Conclusion: Overexpression of miR-144 can significantly suppress the growth of lung cancer cells. This may be achieved by suppression of the proliferative activity and colony formation ability of lung cancer cells, as well as the promotion of apoptosis.
ESTIMATING THE SIZE OF THE INFORMAL ECONOMY IN BARBADOS

In Barbados, and the Caribbean as a whole, very little research has been done on the topic of the informal economy. This paper estimates the size of the Barbadian informal sector for the period 1972-2007. In light of our analysis of the stationary properties of the data, which suggests a mixture of I(0) and I(1) variables, this study specifies an unrestricted error correction model and employs a general-to-specific (GETs) modelling procedure, allowing us to minimise the possibility of estimating spurious relations while retaining the long-run information. Our estimates indicate that this sector is quite large and has grown over time to about one-third the size of the official economy. These results are consistent with the stylised fact about the Barbadian economy, in particular the large number of persons employed in small businesses and trading as well as the number of tax returns filed on an annual basis versus the stated level of employment. The finding of a significant informal sector also has implications for the conduct of both monetary and fiscal policy. At the minimum it means that possible spillover effects between the two sectors must be taken into consideration in the design and execution of policies. KEVIN GREENIDGE, CARLOS HOLDER and STUART MAYERS / 197
AFFINE FRACTIONAL STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY MODELS WITH APPLICATION TO OPTION

By fractional integration of a square root volatility process, we propose in this paper a long memory extension of the Heston (1993) option pricing model. Long memory in the volatility process allows us to explain some option pricing puzzles as steep volatility smiles in long term options and co-movements between implied and realized volatility. Moreover, we take advantage of the analytical tractability of affine diffusion models to clearly disentangle long term components and short term variations in the term structure of volatility smiles. In addition, we provide a recursive algorithm of discretization of fractional integrals in order to be able to implement a method of moments based estimation procedure from the high frequency observation of realized volatilities. J.E. L. Class C13-C51 AMS Classification 2000: 91B70, 62P05, 62K99
The Effect of Octyl-Cyanoacrylate in Wound Healing at Closing the Experimentally Formed Skin Incision in Rabbits

Bu calismada tavsanlarda olusturulan ensizyonel deri yaralarinin kapatilmasinda oktil-siyanoakrilat (OCA) doku yapistiricisinin yara iyilesmesine etkilerinin arastirilmasi amaclandi. Calismanin materyalini 24 adet saglikli tavsan olusturdu. Tavsanlarin bel omurlari cizgisinin iki yaninda ve birbirine paralel 6 cm uzunlugunda tam kalinlikta deri ensizyonlari olusturuldu. Tum yaralarin deri alti bag dokusuna 3/0 krome katgut iplik ile basit surekli dikis uygulandi. Sag taraftaki deri ensizyonlari (kontrol grubu), 3/0 ipek iplikle basit ayri dikis uygulanarak kapatildi. Sol taraftaki deri ensizyonlari ise (calisma grubu), yara dudaklari forseps veya parmaklarla karsi karsiya getirildikten sonra OCA doku yapistiricisi ile kapatildi. Postoperatif 3, 7, 14 ve 21. gunlerde 6’sar adet tavsan anestezi edilerek, histopatolojik degerlendirme, gerilim direnci ve hidroksiprolin olcumunde kullanilmak uzere hem OCA hem de dikis uygulanan yara hattini icine alacak sekilde 3 cm genisliginde ve 6 cm uzunlugunda dokular alindi. Makroskobik olarak calisma grubunda kontrol grubuna gore yangisal reaksiyonun ve kabuk olusumunun daha az, skar olusumunun ise bazi bolgelerde benzer ve bazi bolgelerde ise daha iyi oldugu gozlendi. Mikroskobik olarak calisma grubunda kontrol grubuna gore postoperatif 3. ve 7. gunlerde yangisal reaksiyonun daha az sekillendigi ve postoperatif 14. ve 21. gunlerde kollajen yapinin daha az oldugu belirlendi. Yara gerilim direncinin gruplar arasi istatistiksel degerlendirmede farklilik arz etmedigi belirlendi. Hidroksiprolin duzeylerinin calisma grubunda kontrol grubuna gore postoperatif 3. ve 7. gunlerde yuksek oldugu, 14. ve 21. gunlerde ise farklilik arz etmedigi saptandi. Sonuc olarak; kucuk hayvanlarda ensizyonel deri yaralarinin kapatilmasinda OCA doku yapistiricisinin deri alti dikisi ile birlikte hareketsiz bolgelerde kullanilabilecegi kanisina varildi.
Controlled Antenatal Thyroid Screening II: effect of treating maternal s ub-optimal

Hales, Charlotte, Taylor, Peter N, Channon, Susan, Paradice, Ruth, McEwan, Kirsten, Zhang, Lei, Gyedu, Michael, Bakhsh, Ameen, Okosieme, Onyebuchi, Muller, Ilaria, Draman, Mohd, Gregory, John W, Dayan, Colin, Lazarus, John, Rees, Dafydd and Ludgate, Marian 2018. Controlled antenatal thyroid screening II: effect of treating maternal sub-optimal thyroid function on child cognition. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 103 (4) , pp. 1583-1591. 10.1210/jc.2017-02378 file
EFFECT OF GROWTH AND NODULATION PATTERN OF URDBEAN (PHASEOLUS MUNGO L.) VARIETIES UNDER DIFFERENT AGRO-INPUT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN VERTISOL

A field experiment was carried out at Raipur during kharif season of 2010. Urdbean (Phaseolus mungo L.) variety Azad-1 recorded significantly highest plant height, number of branches plant, root length and dry biomass, dry matter accumulation, number and dry weight of nodules, number of flowers, number of pods plant and pod setting index, grain and stover yield. As regards to different agro-input management practices, application of 100% RDF + FYM 5 t ha + NAA 40 ppm + PSB + DAP 2% recorded significantly highest plant height, number of branches plant, root length and dry biomass, dry matter accumulation, number and dry weight of nodules, number of flowers, number of pods plant -1 and pod setting index, grain and stover yield.
Effect of Epilepsy on The Quality of Life of Children and Their Family Caregivers

Abstract: Background: Epilepsy is one of the chronic illnesses that have a great impact on the life of the epileptic children and their family caregivers. The aim of the study was to: Assess the quality of life of epileptic children and their family caregivers. Subjects and Method: Correlation descriptive research design was used in the current study. Setting: This study was conducted at the Outpatient Clinic at Psychiatric Hospital & El-Nasr hospital affiliated to Ministry of Health in Port-Said. A purposive sample of 169 epileptic children with one of their family caregivers were recruited (169 caregivers). Tools: Data was collected using the following two tools: First tool: included, sociodemographic data& Health Related Quality of Life Scale for child and second tool: included WHO quality of life brief scale for the family caregivers. Results: The overall score of QOL for the epileptic children was 52.58±12.89 and it was 3 3.24 ± 14.17 for the family caregivers of children with epilepsy, a statistically significant correlation was detected between family caregivers Quality of Life and their epileptic children Quality of Life. Conclusion: It was concluded from this study, that, family caregivers of children with epilepsy showed a decrease in QOL, the study also provides important evidence that the illness of epileptic children had an impact on their family caregivers' quality of life. Recommendation: Family care givers living with epileptic children must be adequately educated on how to cope with psychological, physical, environmental and social stress and improve on their overall quality of life.
First spectro-interferometric survey of Be stars I. Observations and constraints on the disk geometry and kinematics

Context. Classical Be stars are hot non-supergiant stars surrounded by a gaseous circumstellar disk that is responsible for the observed infrared-excess and emission lines. The phenomena involved in the disk formation still remain highly debated. Aims. To progress in the understanding of the physical process or processes responsible for the mass ejections and test the hypothesis that they depend on the stellar parameters, we initiated a survey on the circumstellar environment of the brightest Be stars. Methods. To achieve this goal, we used spectro-interferometry, the only technique that combines high spectral (R = 12 000) and high spatial (θmin = 4 mas) resolutions. Observations were carried out at the Paranal observatory with the VLTI/AMBER instrument. We concentrated our observations on the Brγ emission line to be able to study the kinematics within the circumstellar disk. Our sample is composed of eight bright classical Be stars: α Col, κ CMa, ω Car, p Car, δ Cen, μ Cen, α Ara, and o Aqr. Results. We managed to determine the disk extension in the line and the nearby continuum for most targets. We also constrained the disk kinematics, showing that it is dominated by rotation with a rotation law close to the Keplerian one. Our survey also suggests that these stars are rotating at a mean velocity of V/Vc = 0.82 ± 0.08. This corresponds to a rotational rate of Ω/Ωc = 0.95 ± 0.02. Conclusions. We did not detect any correlation between the stellar parameters and the structure of the circumstellar environment. Moreover, it seems that a simple model of a geometrically thin Keplerian disk can explain most of our spectrally resolved K-band data. Nevertheless, some small departures from this model have been detected for at least two objects (i.e., κ CMa and α Col). Finally, our Be stars sample suggests that rotation is the main physical process driving the mass-ejection. Nevertheless, smaller effects from other mechanisms have to be taken into account to fully explain how the residual gravity is compensated.
Evaluation of Multiple Hardware and Software in the Loop Signal Controllers in Simulation Environment

This study evaluates two groups of methods to model traffic signal operations in microscopic simulation: hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) and software-in-the-loop simulation (SILS). These methods have become standards for accurate modeling of traffic signal operations, but in spite of the large number of available options there are no studies that have conducted relevant comparative evaluations. This study bridges this gap by investigating signal timing and operational differences of these two methods in basic actuated operations of a single signalized intersection. The emphasis is given to broad examination of various platforms as opposed to more complex experiments done with individual platforms. A representative number of 65-minute simulation runs was executed for each experimental scenario. The results showed that differences between various HILS and SILS platforms are large enough that one cannot confidently switch between the platforms without affecting the final outcomes. The study confirmed previous findings about the impact of the initialization process on the simulation results, but the initialization itself does not seem to be the major source of discrepancy. Further investigation is needed to reveal role of consistency of internal NEMA-based controller logics among various controllers. These findings put a considerable dilemma/restriction on how various HILS and SILS platforms, either alone or in conjunction with other higher forms of traffic control strategies, can be used in joint fashion.
The Effect Relationship Marketing Dimension on Customer Loyalty of Muslim Entrepreneurs

The purpose of this study was to analyze and determine the effect of relationship marketing dimensions that consists of trust, commitment, communication and conflict management on customer loyalty. The approach used causality between variables with explanatory method. This research object was a Muslim entrepreneur to the target population are all entrepreneurs who have been successful in running their business, while the sampling method used non probability sampling, with sampling technique is incidental sampling of 160 respondents, however are worth further analysis was 158 respondents. The data used by the source, i.e. primary data taken directly by using questionnaires that are closed, while the analysis method used is the analysis of Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results showed that, trust in relationship marketing has a positive and significant effect in increasing the customers’ loyalty or business partners. Likewise the commitment dimension has a positive and significant effect in increasing customer loyalty. It found that, communication in relationship marketing has a positive and significant effect in increasing the customers’ loyalty or business partners. In this study also proved that, conflict management has positive and significant effect in increasing customer loyalty or business partners’ Muslim entrepreneur in Bombana. The dimensions are the most dominant in contributing to relationship marketing associated with the effort to maintain and increase customer loyalty is trust and commitment.
Guidance on the risk assessment of substances present 1 in food intended for infants below 16 weeks of age 2 EFSA Scientific Committee

12 Following a request from the European Commission to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 13 EFSA's Scientific Committee (SC) prepared a guidance for the risk assessment of substances present 14 in food intended for infants below 16 weeks of age. In its approach to develop this guidance, the 15 EFSA SC took into account, among others, (i) an exposure assessment based on infant formula as the 16 only source of nutrition; (ii) knowledge of organ development in human infants, including the 17 development of the gut, metabolic and excretory capacities, the brain and brain barriers, the immune 18 system, the endocrine and reproductive systems; (iii) the overall toxicological profile of the substance 19 identified through the standard toxicological tests, including critical effects; (iv) the relevance for the 20 human infant of the neonatal experimental animal models used. The EFSA SC notes that during the 21 period from birth up to 16 weeks, infants are expected to be exclusively fed on breast milk and/or 22 infant formula. The EFSA SC views this period as the time where health-based guidance values for the 23 general population do not apply without further considerations. High infant formula consumption per 24 body weight is derived from 95 percentile consumption. The first weeks of life is the time of the 25 highest relative consumption on a body weight basis. Therefore, when performing an exposure 26 assessment, the EFSA SC proposes to use the high consumption value of 260 mL/kg bw/day. A 27 decision tree approach is proposed that enables a risk assessment of substances present in food 28 intended for infants below 16 weeks of age. The additional information needed when testing 29 substances present in food for infants below 16 weeks of age and the approach to be taken for the 30 risk assessment are on a case-by-case basis, depending on whether the substance is added 31 intentionally to food and is systemically available. 32 © 2017 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on 33 behalf of European Food Safety Authority. 34
Developing Country Coalitions and Deadlocks in Trade Negotiations PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE

To date, the received theory regarding the underpinnings of trade negotiation does not provide a satisfactory account of the impasses that have plagued both recent World Trade Organisation and Preferential Trade Agreement negotiations. This paper attempts to address this omission by extending the widely cited model of Bagwell and Staiger (1999, 2002) to encompass two small exporters dealing with a common large importer. It is found that the smaller countries prefer to deal as a coalition whereas the large country prefers to deal bilaterally. This characterisation provides an explanation of the observed phenomena of developing country coalition forming and developed country non-cooperation with such coalitions; phenomena that have been a particular feature of impasses within the Doha Development Agenda and in recent PTA discussions. Moreover, this analysis suggests that use of the Kemp-Wan proposition, rather than Article 24, as the deciding metric in the formation of PTAs can potentially mitigate such problems.
Comparative In Vitro Evaluation of The Novel Remineralizing Agents ’ Effects on Enamel Surface Hardness

Remineralizing agents have been recommended as preventive and therapeutic agents in the management of demineralization, but their efficacy to increase the surface hardness of enamel surface has not been evaluated. The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of three new age remineralizing agents such as fluoride enriched Casein Phosphopeptide – Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (GC Tooth mouse Plus) and beta-tri calcium phosphate (ClinPro) and fluoride rich hydroxyapatite (ReminPro) based remineralizing agents on enamel surface hardness. Sixty Tooth sections measuring 4x4x2 mm to harvest enamel were prepared on Intact caries free human premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes from 17 patients in the age group of 15-30 years. Except the sections in control group, all the other sections were subjected to demineralization followed by remineralisation by CPP-ACPF, beta-tri calcium phosphate and fluoride rich hydroxyapatite based remineralizing agents. Enamel surface hardness was calculated using Vickers micro hardness testing. Among three subgroups, CPP-ACP (331.5 VHN) has increased enamel remineralization potential when compared to both ClinPro (281.5 VHN) and ReminPro (313.6 VHN). In multiple comparison between subgroups p value was highly significant (<0.0001). CPP-ACPF has increased enamel remineralization potential when compared to both ClinPro and ReminPro and ReminPro is a better remineralizing agent on comparison with ClinPro. Experimental article (J Int Dent Med Res 2019; 12(2): 454-459)
The “New Economy” and Capitalism Today

Discussion of a “new economy” has been a characteristic of debates about capitalism since its first appearance as a socio-economic system in the eighteenth century. Adam Smith, for example, discussed the new exchage economy that emerged after the end of mercantilism in his Wealth of Nations (1776). Karl Marx, writing in 1867 as the modern factory system was forming in Europe, saw the continual transformation of social relations and economies—“all that is solid melts into air”—as one of the central features of capitalism. The development of monopolistic firms, mass production, and automated factories at different periods throughout the twentieth century drew similar claims of a new economic system coming into being. In an abstract yet very real sense, capitalism requires interpretation as a social order that is constantly producing a new economy. There is also a need, however, to demarcate different phases of capitalism and define some of the features of the new economy in the capitalism of today. The economic developments of the last twenty years or so, for example are often contrasted with the three decades after World War II. It was common to describe the postwar period with a variety of terms such as Keynesianism,
EFFECTS OF WEANING AGE ON CARCASS QUALITY OF RABBITS REARED ON SMALLHOLDER FARMS IN KENYA

This study used thirty six rabbits in a 2x2x3 factorial arrangement of a completely randomized design (CRD) to assess the effects of weaning age (4 or 8 weeks), diet (commercial pellets or mixed diets) and breed (New Zealand White, Californian White or Chinchilla) on carcass quality of rabbits reared by smallholder farmers in Kenya. Rabbits slaughtered at six months had their live-weight influenced by the interaction effects of weaning, diet and the breed (p<0.05). Dressing percentage was higher for rabbits fed on commercial pellets than those fed on mixed diet (p<0.05) but was not sensitive to weaning age. However, weaning age had significant effect on weights of first and second retail cuts. Compared to other breeds, Californian white weaned at 4 weeks and those fed on commercial pellets had heavier (p<0.05) loin (0.686 kg) and hind leg (0.433kg). The thoracic cage weight varied with (p<0.05) weaning age and diets. Therefore we conclude that under smallholder rabbit farms rearing conditions weaning age has effects on carcass quality measured as weight of dressed out carcass or weight of retails cuts.
A Survey on Tools and Techniques for the Programming and Verification of Secure Cryptographic Software

This paper contributes to broaden the discussion on tools and techniques in cryptographic programming and verification. The paper accomplishes three goals: (i) surveys recent advances in supporting tools for cryptographic software programming and verification; (ii) associates these tools to current security practices; and (iii) organizes their use into software programming and verification steps. The paper concludes that there is no single tool for secure development of cryptographic software. Instead, only a well-crafted toolkit can cover the whole landscape of secure cryptographic software coding and verification.