Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Establishing a multidisciplinary AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma clinic: Patient characteristics, management and outcomes.

BACKGROUND Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) typically occurs in the setting of immunodeficiency and specifically in the presence of HIV infection, when it is called AIDS-associated KS (AIDS-KS). In spite of impressive gains in the South African (SA) antiretroviral therapy (ART) roll-out programme since 2004, AIDS-KS still causes significant morbidity and mortality, and the treatment of advanced disease can be challenging owing to the centralisation of oncology services and the high incidence of concurrent infections. In 2014, a multidisciplinary AIDS-KS clinic (MKSC) was established at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, with the goal of optimising management of AIDS-KS patients. OBJECTIVES To report on the characteristics and outcomes of patients seen during the first 6 months after the inception of the MKSC. METHODS A retrospective observational study was performed of all new cases referred to the MKSC from February to August 2014. RESULTS Forty-two patients were included in the study. The median age was 34 years (range 20 - 60). Forty-one patients were on ART at time of diagnosis or were initiated by a median of 3 months after diagnosis. The median CD4+ count before diagnosis was 147 cells/µL (range 4 - 811). The HIV viral load was undetectable in 22 cases (52.4%). Thirty-eight patients (90.5%) were classified as AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) poor risk, 10 patients (23.8%) had visceral KS, 14 patients (33.3%) were on tuberculosis (TB) treatment at time of presentation, and 22 patients (52.4%) received oncological therapy in addition to ART. After median follow-up of 25.6 months, 2-year overall survival (OS) was 61.1%. On univariate analysis, factors significantly associated with poor 2-year OS included ACTG S1 stage (S = systemic illness), visceral KS, being on TB treatment, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score >2. In the T1 (T = tumour extent) subgroup, receiving chemotherapy was significantly associated with improved 2-year OS. CONCLUSIONS Advanced AIDS-KS significantly affects young people in the Western Cape Province of SA despite 10 years of ART roll-out. There is a high prevalence of concomitant TB infection that could adversely affect adherence and response to treatment. Despite advanced disease at presentation and palliative treatment intent, survival outcomes are encouraging and seem to be positively affected by the increased use of chemotherapy. A multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis, staging and treatment and the exploration of prognostic indices specific to the sub-Saharan setting would be valuable in designing appropriate treatment algorithms.
Decentralized PID Control by Using GA Optimization Applied to a Quadrotor

: Quadrotors represent an effective class of aerial robots because of their abilities to work in small areas. We suggested in this research paper to develop an algorithm to control a quadrotor, which is a nonlinear MIMO sys-tem and strongly coupled, by a linear control technique (PID), while the parameters are tuned by the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The suggested technique allows a decentralized control by decoupling the linked interactions to effect angles on both altitude and translation position. Moreover, the using a meta-heuristic technique enables a certain ability of the system controllers design without being limited by working on just the small angles and stabilizing just the full actuated subsystem. The simulations were implemented in MATLAB/Simulink tool to evaluate the control technique in terms of dynamic performance and stability. Although the controllers design (PID) is simple, it shows the effect of the proposed technique in terms of tracking errors and stability, even with large angles, subsequently, high velocity response and high dynamic performances with practically acceptable rotors speed.
A New Model for the Secondary Goal in DEA

The purpose of the current paper is to propose a new model for the secondary goal in DEA by introducing secondary objective function. The proposed new model minimizes the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their median. Similar problem is studied in a related model by Liang et al. (2008), which minimizes the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean. By using two well known data sets, which are also used by Liang et al.(2008), and Greene (1990) we compare the results of the proposed new model and several other models.
PROBEN 1 - a set of benchmarks and benchmarking rules for neural network training algorithms

Proben1 is a collection of problems for neural network learning in the realm of pattern classification and function approximation plus a set of rules and conventions for carrying out benchmark tests with these or similar problems. Proben1 contains 15 data sets from 12 different domains. All datasets represent realistic problems which could be called diagnosis tasks and all but one consist of real world data. The datasets are all presented in the same simple format, using an attribute representation that can directly be used for neural network training. Along with the datasets, Proben1 defines a set of rules for how to conduct and how to document neural network benchmarking. The purpose of the problem and rule collection is to give researchers easy access to data for the evaluation of their algorithms and networks and to make direct comparison of the published results feasible. This report describes the datasets and the benchmarking rules. It also gives some basic performance measures indicating the difficulty of the various problems. These measures can be used as baselines for comparison.
Scheduling and Resource Allocation in Multi-user Wireless Systems

In this dissertation, we discuss various aspects of scheduling and resource allocation in multi-user wireless systems. This work starts from how to utilize advanced physical-layer technology to improve the system performance in a multi-user environment. We show that by using superposition coding (SPC) and successive interference cancellation, the system performance can be greatly improved with utility-based scheduling. Several observations are made as the design guideline for such system. Scheduling algorithms are designed for a system with hierarchical modulation which is a practical implementation of SPC. However, when the utility-based scheduling is designed, it is based on the assumption that the system is saturated, i.e., users in the system always have data to transmit. It is pointed out in the literature that in a system with stochastic traffic, even if the arrival rate lies inside the capacity region, the system in terms of queue might not be stable with the utility-based scheduling. Motivated by this, we have studied the stability region of a general utility-based scheduling in a multi-user system with stochastic traffic. We show that the stability region is generally less than the capacity region, depends on how to interpret an intermediate control variable, and the resultant stability region may be even non-convex and exhibits undesirable properties which should be avoided.
Prevalencia de fluorosis dental en ocho cohortes de mexicanos nacidos durante la instauración del Programa Nacional de Fluoruración de la Sal Doméstica

espanolobjetivo: determinar el efecto de cohorte de nacimiento sobre la fluorosis dental en escolares nacidos alrededor del periodo de instauracion del Programa Nacional de Fluoruracion de la Sal Domestica. Material y metodos: en un estudio transversal se examinaron 1,644 escolares de 6-13 anos de edad de Campeche, Mexico, nacidos entre 1985-1992. La fluorosis dental se evaluo con el indice de Dean en la denticion permanente. Se utilizaron cuestionarios para determinar una serie de variables sociodemograficas y socioeconomicas. En el analisis estadistico se empleo regresion logistica. resultados: la prevalencia de fluorosis dental fue 15.5%. En el modelo multivariado observamos asociadas a la fluorosis dental el mayor tamano de la familia (razon de momios [RM]: 0.91; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 0.84-0.99) y el sexo femenino (RM: 0.74; IC 95%: 0.57-0.98). Ademas, utilizando a la cohorte de 1985 como grupo de comparacion, en las cohortes nacidas entre 1989-1992 el riesgo de presentar fluorosis dental (p Englishobjective: to determine the effect of birth cohort on dental fluorosis in Mexican schoolchildren during the implementation of the national program to fluoridate domestic salt. Material and methods: in a cross-sectional study we examined 1,644 schoolchildren 6-13 years old born between 1985-1992 in Campeche, Mexico; a community where there is negligible naturally available fluoride in water supplies. Dental fluorosis was assessed with the Dean’s index in the permanent dentition. Questionnaires were used to identify diverse socio-demographic and socio-economic variables. In the statistical analysis logistic regression was used. results: the prevalence of fluorosis was 15.5%. In the multivariate model, we observed fluorosis was associated with larger family sizes (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84-0.99) and female sex (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.57-0.98). Furthermore, using the cohort of 1985 as a comparison group, no significant dental fluorosis differences were found with those born between 1986-1987; in contrast, in the cohorts born between 1989-1992 the risk of dental fluorosis increased by almost four times (p
Modelling-as-Theorizing: A Systematic Methodology for Theory Development

Organizational researchers are primarily trained in data collection techniques and the latest analytical tools, not the nuances of theory building. Our doctoral programs tend to skip over theory building perhaps because it is not a step-by-step process that can be taught like LISREL or event-history analysis. Reading major theorists and writing literature review papers is often passed off as training in theory building, even though such assignments really don’t teach one how to craft conceptual arguments. (Sutton and Staw, 1995: 380)
Tongue control and its implication in pronunciation training

Pronunciation training based on speech production techniques illustrating tongue movements is gaining popularity. However, there is not sufficient evidence that learners can imitate some tongue animation. In this paper, we argue that although controlling tongue movement related to speech is not such an easy task, training with visual feedback improves its control. We investigated human awareness of controlling their tongue body gestures. In a first experiment, participants were asked to perform some tongue movements composed of two sets of gestures. This task was evaluated by observing ultrasound imaging of the tongue recorded during the experiment. No feedback was provided. In a second experiment, a short session of training was added where participants can observe ultrasound imaging in real time of their own tongue movements. The goal was to increase their awareness of their tongue gestures. A pretest and posttest were carried out without any feedback. The results suggest that without a priori knowledge, it is not easy to finely control tongue body gestures. The second experiment showed that we gained in performance after a short training session and this suggests that providing visual feedback, even a short one, improves tongue gesture awareness.
Transductive transfer learning for computer vision.

Artificial intelligent and machine learning technologies have already achieved significant success in classification, regression and clustering. However, many machine learning methods work well only under a common assumption that training and test data are drawn from the same feature space and the same distribution. A real world applications is in sports footage, where an intelligent system has been designed and trained to detect score-changing events in a Tennis single match and we are interested to transfer this learning to either Tennis doubles game or even a more challenging domain such as Badminton. In such distribution changes, most statistical models need to be rebuilt, using newly collected training data. In many real world applications, it is expensive or even impossible to collect the required training data and rebuild the models. One of the ultimate goals of the open ended learning systems is to take advantage of previous experience/ knowledge in dealing with similar future problems. Two levels of learning can be identified in such scenarios. One draws on the data by capturing the pattern and regularities which enables reliable predictions on new samples. The other starts from an acquired source of knowledge and focuses on how to generalise it to a new target concept; this is also known as transfer learning which is going to be the main focus of this thesis. This work is devoted to a second level of learning by focusing on how to transfer information from previous learnings, exploiting it on a new learning problem with not supervisory information available for new target data. We propose several solutions to such tasks by leveraging over prior models or features. In the first part of the thesis we show how to estimate reliable transformations from the source domain to the target domain with the aim of reducing the dissimilarities between the source class-conditional distribution and a new unlabelled target distribution. We then later present a fully automated transfer learning framework which approaches the problem by combining four types of adaptation: a projection to lower dimensional space that is shared between the two domains, a set of local transformations to further increase the domain similarity, a classifier parameter adaptation method which modifies the learner for the new domain and a set of class-conditional transformations aiming to increase the similarity between the posterior probability of samples in the source and target sets. We conduct experiments on a wide range of image and video classification tasks. We test our proposed methods and show that, in all cases, leveraging knowledge from a related domain can improve performance when there are no labels available for direct training on the new target data.
Treatment method and restorative material preferences of dental practitioners

Objective: The present study is aimed to investigate the preference profiles of treatment methods used by private dental practitioners in Ankara for deep carious lesions of mature permanent teeth. Methods: Private dental practitioners (general/specialist), in five districts of Ankara, were provided with a questionnaire comprising demographic characteristics and their preferred treatment methods for two simulated clinical cases related to deep caries excavation technique for anterior (Case A) and posterior, permanent teeth (Case B) with restorative material choices. The questionnaire was delivered personally to the participants who accepted the invitation. Documentation was retrieved back at another appointment after 1–3 weeks intervals. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis and Chi-square tests. Results: A total of 371 dentists, aged 25–69 years, took part in the study representing a response rate of 51.38%. Valid responses were 328 (168 males and 160 females) due to incomplete questionnaires. In Case A, complete caries excavation was the preferred treatment method (62.5%) followed by stepwise excavation (28.4%). Dentists, who had an excessive workload, indicated a stepwise excavation treatment significantly less than the dentists who had less workload (P = 0.001). In Case B, the preferences were narrowly distributed between complete caries excavation (50.9%) and stepwise excavation (42.4%). Composite restoration (31.7%) was more selected than amalgam (27.1%) with complete excavation technique. Workload has no effect on the treatment options of the posterior tooth with deep dentin caries. Conclusion: Dentists mostly adopted traditional caries removal technique. There is no uniform treatment method of deep carious lesions among dentists in anterior and, especially in posterior regions in Ankara, Turkey.
Teleoperation of autonomous vehicle

Teleoperation is using remote control from outside line of sight. The operator is often assisted by cameras to emulate sitting in the vehicle. In this report a system for teleoperation of an autonomous Volvo FMX truck is specified, designed, implemented and evaluated. First a survey of existing solutions on the market is conducted finding that there are a few autonomous and teleoperation solutions available, but they are still new and information is sparse. To identify what types of requirements are needed for such a system and how to design it a literature study is performed. The system is then designed from the set requirements in a modular fashion using the Robot Operating System as the underlying framework. Four cameras are mounted on the cab and in software the images are stitched together into one 360◦ image that the operator can pan around in. The system is designed so that the operator at any time can pause the autonomous navigation and manually control the vehicle via teleoperation. When the operators intervention is completed the truck can resume autonomous navigation. A solution for synchronization between manual and autonomous mode is specified. The truck is implemented in a simulation where the functionality and requirements of the system is evaluated by a group of test subjects driving a test track. Results from simulation show that latencies higher than 300 ms lead to difficulties when driving, but having a high frame rate is not as critical. The benefit of a full 360◦ camera view compared to a number of fixed cameras in strategic places is not obvious. The use of a head mounted display together with the 360◦ video would be of interest to investigate further.
Interacting processes: a multiparty approach to coordinated distributed programming

In response to the industry's need for coordination, this book represents an approach to the design of coordinated, distributed programs, based on a high-level language, IP. This book appeals to theoretical computer scientists who are interested in the application of formal methods to distributed programs and software engineers who adopt an algorithmic approach when they develop software for distributed systems.
Commodifying animal welfare

As the profile of farm animal welfare rises within food production chains, in response both to consumer demand and greater ethical engagement with the lives of animals, animal welfare is increasingly being commodified by various foodchain actors. That is to say that, over and above regulatory or assurance scheme compliance, welfare conditions and criteria are being used as a ‘value-added’ component or distinctive selling point for food products, brands or even particular manufacturers and retailers. We argue in this paper that such a commodification process has major implications both for the way in which farm animal welfare is defined and assessed (with greater emphasis being placed either on those welfare elements that lend themselves to commodification processes or on those that respond to consumer interpretations of what ‘good’ welfare might be at a particular time) and for the ways in which farm animal welfare is articulated and presented to food consumers as a component of product value or quality.
Using knowledge discovery to identify potentially useful patterns of health promotion behavior of 10-12 year old Icelandic children

Approved: ____________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________ Title and Department ____________________________________ Date USING KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY TO IDENTIFY POTENTIALLY USEFUL PATTERNS OF HEALTH PROMOTION BEHAVIOR OF 10-12 YEAR OLD ICELANDIC CHILDREN by Brynja Orlygsdottir A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Nursing in the Graduate College of The University of Iowa
A neural network for feature linking via synchronous activity: Results from cat visual cortex and from simulations

Preface Can memory be the brain+s Rosetta Stone? Functions of neuronal networks in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex in memory Conscious subjective experience vs. unconscious mental functions: a theory of the cerebral processes involved A parallel vision machine that learns Colour algorithms for image segmentation Physiological constraints on models of visual cortical function A model of preattentive region definition based on texture analysis Analysis of complex motion signals in the brain of cats and monkeys A simplifying strategy for modelling the retino-cortical pathway Towards a network theory of cortical areas The primary visual system: an attempt to understand the function of its structure
The Reptile Ear Its Structure And Function

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Study of Relation between Organ Weights & Body Weight in Adult Population of Vadodara Region, Gujarat

Knowledge of normal organ weights gives the doctors idea about of whether the organ is normal or not. So, it is very important for autopsy surgeons to know the organ weights. But, Organ weights probably depend on part on body weight of the individual. So, current study was undertaken at Mortuary complex of S.S. G. Hospital, Baroda during 1st July 2013 to 30th June 2015. Total 200 cases based on inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected and subjected to statistical analysis. Results obtained were compared with earlier studies. Right lung weight and Left Lung weight was noted to be 0.89%-0.68% & 0.86%-0.65% of body weight respectively, which is lower than the textbooks. This type of variations demands another research.
Conhecimento e atitudes dos médicos ginecologistas/obstetras a respeito da saúde bucal da gestante

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento e atitudes dos medicos ginecologista-obstetras em relacao a saude bucal da gestante. A amostra foi composta por 83 medicos ginecologista-obstetras de Santa Catarina, cadastrados na Unimed dos principais municipios do litoral e Vale do Itajai, regioes Norte e Oeste, que responderam a um questionario, contendo dez perguntas abertas e fechadas. Os dados coletados foram organizados em figuras por meio de frequencia relativa. Somente 44,6% receberam informacoes sobre saude bucal por meio do curso de residencia medica; 97,6% acreditam que a gestacao possa determinar alteracoes bucais, entre as quais a mais citada foi gengivite (92,8%); 78,3% acreditam que possa haver relacao das condicoes bucais maternas e possibilidade de parto prematuro e baixo peso do bebe, no entanto apenas 51,8% orientam sempre suas pacientes a consulta odontologica; 62,6% afirmam nao haver contraindicacao de tratamento odontologico durante a gestacao; 51,8% afirmam que a dieta da gestante pode influenciar no paladar do bebe e 85,5% orientam quanto ao consumo de sacarose. Quanto a prescricao de suplemento de fluor, 25,3% o fazem sempre e 33,7%, as vezes. Os resultados mostraram que a populacao de medicos envolvidos neste estudo necessita de informacoes atuais com embasamento cientifico a respeito de alguns topicos referentes a saude bucal da gestante. Uma maior insercao do cirurgiao-dentista na equipe que atua nos programas de pre-natal se faz necessaria. O conhecimento basico sobre saude bucal tanto em nivel de graduacao como de pos-graduacao seria de grande valor na formacao dos profissionais da saude que atuam no atendimento pre-natal para que se tenha uma abordagem integral da saude da gestante.