Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
For the Love of the Children

Abstract This research investigated the coming out decision and process for 23 lesbian and gay custodial step families. We argue that lesbian and gay stepfamilies represent a unique type of family, distinct from heterosexual stepfamilies and from lesbian and gay families who have children within the context of a lesbian or gay relationship. The coming out process is one developmental challenge that distinguishes lesbian and gay stepfamilies from these other types. Through interviews with both lesbian and gay parents and stepparents we explored their coming out process to significant others: the children, families of origin and ex-spouses. We discuss those factors influencing the decision and the consequences that developed in light of these decisions. Findings show that the coming out process for lesbian and gay co-parents is a flexible and familial one, primarily influenced by and centered around the needs of the children.
Immunohistochemical Surrogates for Molecular Classification of Breast Carcinoma: A 2015 Update.

CONTEXT -The pioneering works on molecular classification (MC) by Perou and Sorlie et al in the early 2000s using global gene expression profiling identified 5 intrinsic subtypes of invasive breast cancers (IBCs): luminal A, luminal B, normal breast-like, HER2-enriched, and basal-like subtypes, each unique in incidence, survival, and response to therapy. Because the application of gene expression profiling in daily practice is not economical or practical at the present time, many investigators have studied the use of immunohistochemical (IHC) surrogates as a substitute for determining the MC of IBC. OBJECTIVE -To discuss the continuing efforts that have been made to develop clinically significant and readily available IHC surrogates for the MC of IBC. DATA SOURCES -Data were obtained from pertinent peer-reviewed English-language literature. CONCLUSIONS -The most commonly used IHC surrogates are estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), dividing IBC into luminal, HER2, and triple-negative subtypes. The addition of Ki-67, cytokeratin 5, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) separates luminal B from luminal A subtypes, and basal-like subtype from triple-negative breast cancer. More recently, biomarkers such as androgen receptor and p53 have been shown to further stratify these molecular subtypes. Although many studies of IHC-based MC have shown clinical significance similar to gene expression profiling-defined MC, its critical limitations are: (1) a lack of standardization in terminology, (2) a lack of standardization in biomarkers used for each subtype, and (3) the lack of a uniform cutoff for each biomarker. A panel of IHC surrogates for each subtype of IBC is proposed.
Modified Cascaded Boundary-Deadbeat Control for a Virtually-Grounded Three-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter With LCL Filter

Cascaded boundary-deadbeat controller has been proven to be effective in controlling single-phase grid-connected inverter with LCL output filter. Such architecture mitigates filter resonance and offers good stability under stiff- and weak-grid conditions. However, its merits are offset by requiring many sensors, dedicated control loop to regulate the operating frequency, and high-precision intracycle information of the circuit variables to dictate the states of the switches. A modified cascaded boundary-deadbeat control law with reduced number of current sensors, the use of current band to regulate the operating frequency, and intracycle information recovery mechanism of the filter capacitor voltage for a virtually-grounded three-phase grid-connected inverter with LCL filter is presented. It inherits the merits of allowing the inverter to exhibit fast dynamic response and mitigating filter resonance. The contaminated intracycle information of the filter capacitor voltage is recovered so as to estimate and predict state trajectories accurately. Furthermore, a dc bus voltage feedforward injection scheme with reduced number of voltage sensor is proposed. It utilizes the duty cycle information of the gate signals to compensate the effect of the unbalanced dc bus capacitor voltages on causing modulation saturation and current distortion. The system characteristics under parametric variations will be studied. A 3-kW prototype has been built and evaluated under stiff- and weak-grid conditions.
Successful treatment of post-transplant Epstein–Barr virus-related meningoencephalitis by intravenous rituximab monotherapy

Post-transplant Epstein – Barr virus (EBV)-related disorder represents a life-threatening complication; moreover, central nervous system (CNS) involvement is associated with a dismal outcome. Use of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab has demonstrated activity against EBV infection after transplant; however, as a large protein, rituximab shows poor CNS penetration, and intrathecal administrations have been used to improve patient outcomes. We here report the successful treatment of a patient with post-transplant EBV infection involving the CNS by the use of intravenous rituximab without the addition of intrathecal injections. Pharmacokinetic analysis suggested a blood – brain barrier (BBB) drug penetration higher than expected, probably due to disruption caused by infection and infl ammation. A 61-year-old woman aff ected by relapsed multiple myeloma received an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) from a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) 10/10-matched unrelated donor in August 2011 at our institution. Both patient and donor were seropositive for EBV. Successful engraftment occurred on day 12 from transplant. At day 21, an antibiotic-resistant fever developed, and analysis of EBV viremia detected 202 000 copies/mL of EBV DNA in the serum evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A whole-body computed tomography scan excluded the presence of lymphoproliferative syndrome. Despite a fi rst intravenous rituximab injection (at the dose of 375 mg/m 2 ) on day 28, her general condition was impaired, with the appearance of neurological signs including somnolence, disorientation and verbal confusion, without any focal defi cit or seizure; the fever persisted and elevation of bilirubin occurred. Her coagulation profi le was normal but albumin was low: hypoalbuminemia was present even before transplant. Th ese fi ndings were interpreted as hepatic involvement of EBV reactivation. Bacteriological and mycological tests did not provide any positive result. Brain magnetic
Occupational status and social adjustment six months after hospitalization early in the course of bipolar disorder: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVES Bipolar disorder is often accompanied by poor functional outcomes, the determinants of which are not fully understood. We assessed patients with bipolar disorder undergoing a hospital admission early in the illness course and identified predictors of occupational status, overall social adjustment, and work adjustment six months later. METHODS This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study. During hospitalization patients were evaluated with a cognitive battery; symptoms, occupational history, and other clinical factors were also assessed. At six-month follow-up, patients' symptom remission status was assessed; they were also evaluated as to their occupational status, overall social adjustment, and work adjustment. Multivariate analyses were used to identify predictors of these outcomes. RESULTS Among the 52 participants, the average rating of overall social adjustment at follow-up was between mild and moderate maladjustment. While 51 had a history of working full time, only 28 (54%) worked full time at follow-up. A total of 24 (46%) had symptoms that met criteria for a full depression or mania syndrome. In multivariate analyses, full-time occupational status at follow-up was predicted by the absence of baseline substance abuse. Better overall social adjustment was predicted by better performance on cognitive tasks of processing speed and by symptom remission; the latter variable also predicted work adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Persons with bipolar disorder have limited occupational recovery and overall social adjustment six months after a hospital admission early in the illness course. Predictors vary among outcomes; performance on tasks of processing speed and the extent of symptom remission are independently associated with functional outcomes.
Service disciplines for guaranteed performance service

The choice of the packet service disciplines is an important issue in providing guaranteed performance service at switching nodes. The service disciplines at a switching node control the order in which packets are serviced and thus determine how packets from different connections interact with each other. In addition, we also need to guarantee the bounds on end-to-end performance in a networking environment, where traffic dynamics are more complex than in a single switching node. In this paper, we give an overview of these proposed service disciplines. Furthermore, we analyze the delay bounds and fairness property of the Hierarchical Packet Fair Queuing (H-PFQ) algorithm.
Cutting Edge: Regulatory T Cells from Lung Cancer Patients Directly Inhibit Autologous T Cell Proliferation1

Active suppression by T regulatory cells plays an important role in the down-regulation of T cell responses to foreign and self-Ags. Thus far, the potential role of CD4+CD25+ T cells in human tumors has not been reported. In this work we show that lung tumors contain large numbers of these cells and that they have constitutive high-level expression of CD152 (CTLA-4). Furthermore, the CD4+CD25+ T cells mediate potent inhibition of autologous T cell proliferation. Finally, regulatory T cells from patient tumors failed to inhibit the proliferation of allogeneic T cells. Together these results suggest that the CD4+CD25+ T cells found in lung tumors selectively inhibit the host immune response and therefore could contribute to the progression of lung cancer.
Health Behaviors, Self-Rated Health, and Quality of Life: A Study Among First-Year Swedish University Students

Abstract The authors conducted a baseline investigation of male and female university students' health behaviors and self-rated health and quality of life (QOL). The study population consisted of all full-time, first-year students registered in a comprehensive study program offered at a Swedish university in autumn 1998. In spring 1999, the researchers sent self-administered questionnaires dealing with health status, lifestyle, and living conditions to the students at their home addresses. Male respondents used tobacco, were frequent drinkers, and engaged in binge drinking in larger proportions than expected by chance. A majority of the respondents rated their physical and psychological health as very good or good, but male students' ratings were higher than those of female students, whereas the males' average scores on self-perceived QOL were lower than those of females. Both male and female students' self-perceived QOL was more strongly associated with self-rated psychological than with physical health.
More efficient serialization and RMI for Java

In current Java implementations, Remote Method Invocation (RMI) is too slow, especially for high-performance computing. RMI is designed for wide-area and high-latency networks, it is based on a slow object serialization, and it does not support high-performance communication networks. The paper demonstrates that a much faster drop-in RMI and an efficient drop-in serialization can be designed and implemented completely in Java without any native code. Moreover, the re-designed RMI supports non-TCP/IP communication networks, even with heterogeneous transport protocols. We demonstrate that for high-performance computing some of the official serialization's generality can and should be traded for speed. As a by-product, a benchmark collection for RMI is presented. On PCs connected through Ethernet, the better serialization and the improved RMI save a median of 45% (maximum of 71%) of the runtime for some set of arguments. On our Myrinet-based ParaStation network (a cluster of DEC Alphas) we save a median of 85% (maximum of 96%), compared to standard RMI, standard serialization, and Fast Ethernet; a remote method invocation runs as fast as 80 μs round trip time, compared with about 1.5 ms. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Web page quality: can we measure it and what do we find? A report of exploratory findings.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to report exploratory findings from an attempt to quantify the quality of a sample of World Wide Web (WWW) pages relating to MMR vaccine that a typical user might locate. METHOD Forty pages obtained from a search of the WWW using two search engines and the search expression 'mmr vaccine' were analysed using a standard proforma. The proforma looked at the information the pages contained in terms of three categories: content, authorship and aesthetics. The information from each category was then quantified into a summary statistic, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated using a 'gold standard' of quality derived from the published literature. Optimal cut-off points for each of the three sections were calculated that best discriminated 'good' from 'bad' pages. Pages were also assessed as to whether they were pro- or anti-vaccination. RESULTS For this sample, the combined contents and authorship score, with a cut-off of five, was a good discriminator, having 88 per cent sensitivity and 92 per cent specificity. Aesthetics was not a good discriminator. In the sample, 32.5 per cent of pages were pro-vaccination; 42.5 per cent were anti-vaccination and 25 per cent were neutral. The relative risk of being of poor quality if anti-vaccination was 3.3 (95 per cent confidence interval 1.8, 6.1). CONCLUSION The sample of Web pages did contain some quality information on MMR vaccine. It also contained a great deal of misleading, inaccurate data. The proforma, combined with a knowledge of the literature, may help to distinguish between the two.
Serum hepatitis B surface antigen is correlated with intrahepatic total HBV DNA and cccDNA in treatment‐naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B but not in patients with HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma

The aim of the study was to investigate correlations between intrahepatic hepatitis B virus total DNA, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), and serum HBsAg in treatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis B and HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver tissues were taken from 42 HBV related HCC and 36 patients with chronic hepatitis B. A fraction of DNA extracted from liver tissue was digested with a plasmid‐safe ATP‐dependent DNase and used for HBV cccDNA detection. The remaining DNA was used for the detection of HBV total DNA and β‐globin, the latter of which is a housekeeping gene and quantified for normalization by real‐time PCR. Quantitation of serum HBsAg was performed by a chemiluminescence assay. Serum HBsAg had positive correlations with serum HBV DNA (r = 0.636, P < 0.001), intrahepatic HBV total DNA (r = 0.519, P = 0.001) and cccDNA (r = 0.733, P < 0.001) in 36 treatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis B, while HBsAg correlated poorly with DNA (r = 0.224, P = 0.210), intrahepatic total DNA and cccDNA in the tumor (r = 0.351, P = 0.031; r = 0.164, P = 0.324, respectively) and non‐tumor (r = 0.237, P = 0.152; r = 0.072, P = 0.667, respectively) liver tissues of 42 HCC. HBV cccDNA and total DNA were significantly higher in liver tissue from chronic hepatitis B than in tumor and non‐tumor of HCC (P < 0.001). Serum HBsAg and HBV DNA were also higher in chronic hepatitis B than in HCC (P < 0.001). It was concluded that levels of serum HBsAg and intrahepatic cccDNA and total DNA were significantly higher in chronic hepatitis B than in HCC, and significant correlations among them were observed in treatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis B but not in HCC. J. Med. Virol. 85:219–227, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The HUNT continues and gathers pace: shedding light on the relationship between insomnia and ill health

The man who has dined too well or the man who is planning a new house frequently describes one or two restless nights as ‘suffering from insomnia. ’ Such temporary and passing disturbances should not be dignified by the name insomnia, and will not be considered further than to class them as the ordinary average breaks in the sleep habit which fall to the lot of us all. We will confine our present discussion to persistent, long-continued sleeplessness. Such a bad habit when thoroughly engrafted on an individual often lasts months or years, and interferes markedly with its possessor’s health and happiness (Eaton, 1923, p. 175.)
Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of Lissotriton boscai (Caudata, Salamandridae): evidence for old, multiple refugia in an Iberian endemic

In Europe, southern peninsulas served as refugia during cold periods in the Pleistocene, acting both as centres of origin of endemisms and as sources from which formerly glaciated areas were recolonized during interglacial periods. Previous studies have revealed that within the main refugial areas, intraspecific lineages often survived in allopatric refugia. We analysed two mitochondrial markers (nad4, control region, ∼1.4 kb) in 103 individuals representing the entire distribution of Lissotriton boscai, a newt endemic to the western Iberian Peninsula. We inferred the evolutionary history of the species through phylogenetic, phylogeographic and historical demographic analyses. The results revealed unexpected, deep levels of geographically structured genetic variability. We identified two main evolutionary lineages, each containing three well‐supported clades. The first historical split involved populations from central‐southwestern coastal Portugal and the ancestor of all the remaining populations around 5.8 million years ago. Both lineages were subsequently fragmented into different population groups between 2.5 and 1.2 million years ago. According to nested clade analysis, at lower hierarchical levels the patterns suggest restricted gene flow with isolation by distance, whereas at higher levels the clades exhibit signatures of contiguous range expansion. Bayesian Skyline Plots show recent bottlenecks, followed by demographic expansions in all lineages. The significant genetic structure found is consistent with long‐term survival of populations in allopatric refugia, supporting the ‘refugia‐within‐refugia’ scenario for southern European peninsulas. The comparison of our results with other co‐distributed species highlights the generality of this hypothesis for the Iberian herpetofauna and suggests that Mediterranean refuges had more relevance for the composition and distribution of present biodiversity patterns than currently acknowledged. We briefly discuss the taxonomic and conservation implications of our results.
Studies on the mode of action of excess of vitamin A. 5. The effect of vitamin A on the stability of the erythrocyte membrane.

On the basis of experiments in which the intracellular enzymes of cartilage were released by treatment with hypo-osmotic solutions (Lucy, Dingle & Fell, 1961), it was proposed by Fell, Lucy & Dingle (1961) that the effects of excess of vitamin A on embryonic chick cartilage cultivated in vitro (Fell & Mellanby, 1952; Dingle, Lucy & Fell, 1961) could be explained by the hypothesis that the vitamin alters the permeability of intracellular particles. The liberation of one or more proteolytic enzymes, possibly cathepsins, from the lysosomes of chondrocytes was thought to be responsible for the degradation of the protein moiety of the polysaccharide-protein complex in embryonic cartilage that occurs when the tissue is cultivated in vitro with excess of the vitamin. This view was supported by the fact that vitamin A releases a proteolytic enzyme with an acid pH optimum from rat-liver lysosomes (Dingle & Lucy, 1961; Dingle, 1961). In an attempt to discover whether the action of vitamin A is confined to the membrane of lysosomes, or whether it has a similar action on other membrane structures, the effect of the vitamin on the stability of the erythrocyte membrane has been investigated. The present paper presents observations which demonstrate that vitamin A alters the permeability of the cell membrane of the erythrocyte on incubation in vitro. This provides additional evidence for the hypothesis that the site of action of vitamin A is at the lipoprotein membranes of cells and their organelles. A preliminary communication has been published (Lucy & Dingle, 1962).
Mutual impedance between bifilars of a quadrifilar helix antenna

In this paper we present the results of a study to quantify the mutual coupling between the two bifilars of a 1/2 turn 1/2 wavelength quadrifilar helix antenna (QHA). A new circuit model approach is used which is suitable for computing the impedance when the structure is fed by a single voltage source as in the case of a self phasing QHA. The validity of the circuit model is first confirmed by comparisons with simulated results obtained from the literature for various configurations of parallel fed dipoles.
ROLE OF CONTRACTION‐INDUCED INJURY IN THE MECHANISMS OF MUSCLE DAMAGE IN MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

1. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe disease of skeletal muscle, characterized by an X‐linked recessive inheritance and a lack of dystrophin in muscle fibres. It is associated with progressive and severe wasting and weakness of nearly all muscles and premature death by cardiorespiratory failure.
High-mobility germanium-tin (GeSn) P-channel MOSFETs featuring metallic source/drain and sub-370 °C process modules

We report the first demonstration of GeSn pMOSFETs. Key highlights of this work also includes a 180 °C GeSn MBE growth, sub-370 °C Si<inf>2</inf>H<inf>6</inf> surface passivation and gate stack process for GeSn, and an implantless metallic NiGeSn S/D formed at 350 °C. A hole mobility of 430 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs is obtained for GeSn pMOSFETs, which is 66% higher than that of the Ge control pMOSFETs. GeSn pMOSFETs show a 64% lower S/D resistance as compared to the Ge control devices.
The effect of linkage disequilibrium and deviation from Hardy–Weinberg proportions on the changes in genetic variance with bottlenecking

A growing body of experimental work has shown that the additive genetic variance of fitness components can increase following a founder event or a bottleneck of population size. This is usually explained theoretically by the conversion of dominance variance and/or epistatic variance to additive variance following bottlenecks. The present analysis considers the effects of deviation from Hardy–Weinberg proportions (DHW) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) caused by bottlenecks. It is shown that DHW may also cause an increase in the additive variance for rare recessive genes, the largest increase arising with completely recessive genes of low initial frequency in intermediate-sized populations. LD among nonadditive loci results in a large increase in genotypic variance and also a small increase in additive variance. Even for the case of no linkage among the loci and linkage equilibrium in the ancestral population, severe bottlenecks result in a significant increase in genotypic variance as a result of LD among dominant loci. More restrictive conditions (many linked loci with large dominance coefficients and rare recessive genes), however, are required for LD to cause an evident increase in the additive variance. The effects of LD on genetic variances enhance with an increase in number of loci and dominance coefficients and with a decrease in recombination fractions, bottleneck sizes and initial recessive gene frequencies. Although the effects of LD on genetic variance decline gradually in the flush population, they may persist for some generations, especially when there is high linkage among the relevant loci.