Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Encapsulated Whole Bone Marrow Cells Improve Survival in Wistar Rats after 90% Partial Hepatectomy

Background and Aims. The use of bone marrow cells has been suggested as an alternative treatment for acute liver failure. In this study, we investigate the effect of encapsulated whole bone marrow cells in a liver failure model. Methods. Encapsulated cells or empty capsules were implanted in rats submitted to 90% partial hepatectomy. The survival rate was assessed. Another group was euthanized at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after hepatectomy to study expression of cytokines and growth factors. Results. Whole bone marrow group showed a higher than 10 days survival rate compared to empty capsules group. Gene expression related to early phase of liver regeneration at 6 hours after hepatectomy was decreased in encapsulated cells group, whereas genes related to regeneration were increased at 12, 24, and 48 hours. Whole bone marrow group showed lower regeneration rate at 72 hours and higher expression and activity of caspase 3. In contrast, lysosomal-β-glucuronidase activity was elevated in empty capsules group. Conclusions. The results show that encapsulated whole bone marrow cells reduce the expression of genes involved in liver regeneration and increase those responsible for ending hepatocyte division. In addition, these cells favor apoptotic cell death and decrease necrosis, thus increasing survival.
Fas (CD95/APO‐1) and Fas ligand expression in normal pancreas and pancreatic tumors

Fas (CD95/APO‐1) and Fas ligand (FasL) play key roles in immunologic homeostasis and immune privilege and may regulate normal cell turnover. Earlier studies had suggested that FasL‐positive pancreatic carcinoma cell lines can induce apoptosis in T cells, thereby evading host immune surveillance. In the current study the authors have characterized the expression of Fas and FasL in the normal pancreas and in pancreatic neoplasia.
Evaluating the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from the pyogenic abscess of dental origin

Aim: To evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from the pyogenic abscess of dental origin. Objective: To assess the bacterial isolates of the pyogenic abscesses of dental origin and evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of the same. Study Design: The study was an in-vitro experimental open clinical trial. Surgical aspiration of pus was done in 30 patients suffering from pyogenic abscesses of dental origin. The pus sample was subjected to standard methods for isolation and identification of microorganisms as per Topley and Wilson method and antimicrobial susceptibility by the method of Kirby‑Bauer was done. Results: Aerobes were isolated in 22 instances (70%), of which facultative anaerobes were isolated in 4 instances. Pure isolates of anaerobes were isolated in 4 instances (13.3%). In four cases no organisms were isolated. In this study Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 13 instances (43.3%), Streptococcus viridians in 4 instances (13.3%) followed by anaerobic Streptococci in 4 instances (13.3%). The susceptibility and resistance of bacteria to 12 antibiotic panels most recommended for Gram positive organism showed 100% susceptibility for Ceftriaxone, Amoxyclav and Amikacin, while 95% for Cefuroxime and Sparfloxacin. Maximum resistance was noted with Amoxycilin in 7 cases (37%) followed by azilides group. The Gram negative isolates showed 100% sensitivity for the 9/10 antibiotic panel. 2 cases were resistant to Ampicillin. Anaerobic isolates tested against panel of 10 drugs showed 100% susceptibility to all. Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that pyogenic abscesses of dental origin has isolates of mixed nature. The study results can act as a guide for the clinician while prescribing antibiotics. Access this article online Website: www.iadrsd. org Quick response code
Social scholarship: Reconsidering scholarly practices in the age of social media

This conceptual exploration inquires, what is scholarship reconsidered in the age of social media? How ought we to conceptualize social scholarship-a new set of practices being discussed in various disciplines? The paper offers a critical examination of the practical and policy implications of reconsidering scholarship in light of social media's affordances toward a conceptualization of social scholarship. For each dimension of Boyer's original framework, we explain its epistemologies and practices. Next, we take a critical approach to inquiring how each dimension, reconsidered through the lens of social scholarship values and social media affordances, might be envisioned today. This exploration provides concrete examples of how scholars might enact social scholarship with what benefits and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Neutralization of Hepatitis B Virus Infectivity by a Murine Monoclonal Antibody: An Experimental Study in the Chimpanzee

Two study chimpanzees were inoculated intravenously with approximately 1,000 chimpanzee infectious doses of hepatitis B virus (HBV), one with subtype adr and one with subtype ayw, each previously incubated with 0.1 ml of a murine monoclonal antibody (IgG 1(K) class) directed against a single epitope on hepatitis B surface antigen common to most or all HBV. Two control chimpanzees received identical doses of HBV not incubated with the murine anti‐HBs.
The New Paradigm of Wound Management Using Coffee Powder

This study examines the results of a new freshly homemade coffee powder for the management of patients with a variety of acute and chronic wounds (n=130). They refused skin grafting. All wounds were treated using topical coffee powder as a wound dressing that was replaced once every 4 weeks until its healing. Coffee has a bactericidal capacity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, many antioxidants, deodorize, longer time to change wound dressing pads, maintain moistened wound, absorptive capacity, autolytic debridement, cost-effective, and no adverse reaction. The use of coffee powder as a wound dressing has a strong influence on the emergence of a new paradigm in the management of wounds.
New finite-dimensional filters and smoothers for noisily observed Markov chains

New finite-dimensional filters and smoothers that are related to the Wonham filter of a noisily observed Markov chain are obtained. In particular, finite-dimensional, recursive filters and smoothers are given for the number of jumps from state i to state j, for the occupation time of state i, and for a stochastic integral related to the drift in the observations. These filters allow easy application of the EM algorithm for the estimation of the parameters of the Markov chain and observation process. >
Effect of ambient Mg / Ca ratio on Mg fractionation in calcareous marine invertebrates : A record of the oceanic Mg / Ca ratio over the Phanerozoic

The Mg/Ca ratio of seawater has changed significantly over the Phanerozoic, primarily as a function of the rate of ocean-crust production. Echinoids, crabs, shrimps, and calcareous serpulid worms grown in artificial seawaters encompassing the range of Mg/Ca ratios that existed throughout the Phanerozoic exhibit a direct nonlinear relationship between skeletal and ambient Mg/Ca. Specimens grown in seawater with the lowest Mg/Ca (;1) changed their mineralogy to low-Mg calcite (,4 mol% MgCO3), suggesting that these high-Mg calcareous organisms would have produced low-Mg calcite in the Cretaceous, when oceanic Mg/Ca was lowest (;1). These results support the empirical evidence that the skeletal chemistry of calcareous organisms has varied significantly over the Phanerozoic as a function of the Mg/Ca of seawater, and that the Mg/Ca of unaltered fossils of such organisms may be a record of oceanic Mg/Ca throughout the Phanerozoic. Mg fractionation algorithms, which relate skeletal Mg/Ca, seawater Mg/Ca, and temperature, were derived from these and other experiments. They can be used to estimate paleoceanic Mg/ Ca ratios and temperatures from fossil skeletal Mg/Ca of the organisms evaluated. Paleoceanic Mg/Ca ratios, recalculated by using the echinoderm Mg fractionation algorithm from published fossil echinoid Mg/Ca, crinoid Mg/Ca, and paleotemperature data, are consistent with other estimates and models of oceanic Mg/Ca over the Phanerozoic.
Experimental and theoretical study of electrode effects in HfO2 based RRAM

In this work, the impact of Ti electrodes on the electrical behaviour of HfO2-based RRAM devices is conclusively clarified. To this aim, devices with Pt, TiN and Ti electrodes have been fabricated (see Fig. 1). We first provide several experiments to clearly demonstrate that switching is driven by creation-disruption of a conductive filament. Thus, the role of TiN/Ti electrodes is explained and modeled based on the presence of HfOx interfacial layer underneath the electrode. In addition, Ti is found responsible to activate bipolar switching. Moreover, it strongly reduces forming and switching voltages with respect to Pt-Pt devices. Finally, it positively impacts on retention. To support and interpret our results we provide physico-chemical measurements, electrical characterization, ab-initio calculations and modeling.
Super-heavy element research

A review of the discovery and investigation of the ‘island of stability’ of super-heavy nuclei at the separator DGFRS (FLNR, JINR) in the fusion reactions of 48Ca projectiles with target nuclei 238U-249Cf is presented. The synthesis of the heaviest nuclei, their decay properties, and methods of identification are discussed. The role of shell effects in the stability of super-heavy nuclei is demonstrated by comparison of the experimental data and results of theoretical calculations. The radioactive properties of the new nuclei, the isotopes of elements 112–118 as well as of their decay products, give evidence of the significant increase of the stability of the heavy nuclei with rise of their neutron number and approaching magic number N = 184.
Evaluation of Tablet and Laptop Computers in Field and Laboratory Settings *

Technology is a part of modern society. Desktop computers facilitated changes in the introduction of technology in education; however the form factor of most desktop computers limits mobility. Laptop computers allowed users flexibility and portability; although portable, laptop computers are often difficult to use during movement. Tablet computers are a cross between a flat screen monitor, laptop computer and a personal data assistant (PDA). The form factor for a tablet PC offers significant potential advantages for teaching and learning. In this project, tablet computers were evaluated under classroom, laboratory and field applications in the Landscape Horticulture and Engineering Technology curricula. The tablet computers were fully implemented in two courses (Plant Science 330: Landscape Construction Details and PLSC 332: Basic Landscape Design) in Fall 2003. Both classes used laptop and tablet computers to record base data in the field, such as measurements of site data, details, utility, tree and other field locations. Site data gathered by students in Basic Landscape Design was used to produce base sheets for design projects. Students in the Landscape Construction Details class used the computers to learn AutoCAD and produce construction details from observations in the field. They also saved studio time by drawing details in field settings; thus producing more accurate drawings that were based on meticulous field notes, combined with the ability to verify information while still on the site. The alternativeÐtaking field notes aloneÐ requires follow-up visits if there is missing information. Implementing laptop and tablet personal computer technology has resulted in more accurate field information, more site-responsive design decisions and better use of time in design settings. Survey results and analyses are included in the paper.
Glial Activation Links Early‐Life Seizures and Long‐Term Neurologic Dysfunction: Evidence Using a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Proinflammatory Cytokine Upregulation

Summary: Purpose: Early‐life seizures increase vulnerability to subsequent neurologic insult. We tested the hypothesis that early‐life seizures increase susceptibility to later neurologic injury by causing chronic glial activation. To determine the mechanisms by which glial activation may modulate neurologic injury, we examined both acute changes in proinflammatory cytokines and long‐term changes in astrocyte and microglial activation and astrocyte glutamate transporters in a “two‐hit” model of kainic acid (KA)‐induced seizures.
Psychopathic-Like Traits Among Detained Female Adolescents

This study examined the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Antisocial Process Screening Device–Self-Report (APSD-SR), the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI), and the YPI–Short Version (YPI-SV) in detained female adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. The proposed three-factor structure of the YPI and YPI-SV was replicated, whereas the proposed three-factor structure of the APSD-SR or alternate models did not yield adequate fit. Overall, reliability indices for the YPI and YPI-SV were higher than those reported for the APSD-SR. APSD-SR and YPI scales were positively related with each other, except the affective dimensions of the instruments. All questionnaires showed good criterion validity but the YPI’s factor structure and reliability was superior to the APSD-SR. This superiority is not because of the larger number of items in the YPI, because we also demonstrated that the factor structure and reliability of the YPI-SV was better than that of the APSD-SR.
Toxicology Evaluation of Drugs Administered via Uncommon Routes: Intranasal, Intraocular, Intrathecal/Intraspinal, and Intra-Articular

As the need for nasal, ocular, spinal, and articular therapeutic compounds increases, toxicology assessments of drugs administered via these routes play an important role in human safety. This symposium outlined the local and systemic evaluation to support safety during the development of these drugs in nonclinical models with some case studies. Discussions included selection of appropriate species for the intended route; conducting nonclinical studies that closely mimic the intended use with adequate duration; functional assessment, if deemed necessary; evaluation of local tissues with special histological staining procedure; and evaluations of safety margins based on local and systemic toxicity.
Ion induced nanoscale surface ripples on ferromagnetic films with correlated magnetic texture

We have investigated the correlation between nanoscale surface ripple patterns and the magnetic texture of polycrystalline iron and nickel thin films. The ripple patterns were created by ion beam sputter erosion of films evaporated on Si substrates with 5 keV Xe ions under grazing incidence and fluences between 1015 and 1017 cm−2. The as-deposited films with an rms roughness of about 1 nm are magnetically isotropic. Sputter erosion reduced the coercive field of the films for all erosion conditions investigated. Sputter erosion at an incidence angle of 80° with respect to the surface normal produces rather smooth films and for ion fluences exceeding 1 × 1016 cm−2 formation of ripples parallel to the ion beam direction with wavelength between 30 and 80 nm is observed. Magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) measurements reveal a pronounced uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of the only 1–2 nm thin irradiated surface region of the films with orientation parallel to the ripple orientation and also parallel to the ion beam direction. Almost complete sputter erosion of Fe films resulted in the formation of Fe nanorods oriented parallel to the ion beam direction with 100% uniaxial magnetic texture.
Effects of Increasing IL-7 Availability on Lymphocytes during and after Lymphopenia-Induced Proliferation1

IL-7 is critically involved in regulating peripheral T cell homeostasis. To investigate the role of IL-7 on lymphopenia-induced proliferation of polyclonal lymphocytes, we have transferred CFSE-labeled cells into a novel T-lymphopenic, IL-7-transgenic mouse line. Results obtained indicate that T and B cells do not respond in the same way to IL-7-homeostatic signals. Overexpression of IL-7 enhances proliferation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but with distinctly temporal effects. Expansion of naturally arising CD4+-regulatory T cells was like that of conventional CD4+ T cells. IL-7 had no effect on B cell proliferation. By immunohistology, transferred T cells homed to T cell areas of spleen lymphoid follicles. Increasing IL-7 availability enhanced T cell recovery by promoting cell proliferation and reducing apoptosis during early stages of lymphopenia-induced proliferation. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the pleiotropic effects of IL-7 on lymphopenia-induced T cell proliferation.
A Cryptosporidium parvum genomic region encoding hemolytic activity

Successful parasitization by Cryptosporidium parvum requires multiple disruptions in both host and protozoan cell membranes as cryptosporidial sporozoites invade intestinal epithelial cells and subsequently develop into asexual and sexual life stages. To identify cryptosporidial proteins which may play a role in these membrane alterations, hemolytic activity was used as a marker to screen a C. parvum genomic expression library. A stable hemolytic clone (H4) containing a 5.5-kb cryptosporidial genomic fragment was identified. The hemolytic activity encoded on H4 was mapped to a 1-kb region that contained a complete 690-bp open reading frame (hemA) ending in a common stop codon. A 21-kDa plasmid-encoded recombinant protein was expressed in maxicells containing H4. Subclones of H4 which contained only a portion of hemA did not induce hemolysis on blood agar or promote expression of the recombinant protein in maxicells. Reverse transcriptase-mediated PCR analysis of total RNA isolated from excysted sporozoites and the intestines of infected adult mice with severe combined immunodeficiency demonstrated that hemA is actively transcribed during the cryptosporidial life cycle.
Clinical and neurobiological effects of aerobic exercise in dental phobia: A randomized controlled trial

Physical activity has shown to be effective in anxiety disorders. For specific phobia, no studies are available that systematically examined the effects of an aerobic exercise intervention on phobic fear within a randomized‐controlled design. Therefore, we investigated the acute effect of a standardized aerobic training on clinical symptoms of dental phobia as well as on stress‐related neurobiological markers.
The impact of animated interface agents: a review of empirical research

Abstract Over the last years, the animation of interface agents has been the target of increasing interest. Largely, this increase in attention is fuelled by speculated effects on human motivation and cognition. However, empirical investigations on the effect of animated agents are still small in number and differ with regard to the measured effects. Our aim is two-fold. First, we provide a comprehensive and systematic overview of the empirical studies conducted so far in order to investigate effects of animated agents on the user's experience, behaviour and performance. Second, by discussing both implications and limitations of the existing studies, we identify some general requirements and suggestions for future studies.
Influence of online shopping information dependency and innovativeness on internet shopping adoption

Purpose – The paper's purpose is to analyse the influence of online shopping information dependency and innovativeness on the acceptance of internet shopping.Design/methodology/approach – The impact of online shopping information dependency, domain‐specific innovativeness and technology acceptance model (TAM) variables on future shopping intention has been tested through structural equation modelling techniques. The sample consisted of 465 Spanish consumers who had never purchased online.Findings – Data analysis shows that consumer innovativeness and online shopping information dependency have a direct and positive influence on future online shopping intention and that the basic TAM hypotheses are fulfilled. Online shopping information dependency can be increased with interfaces that are easier to use, but only if perceived usefulness remains high. Consumer innovativeness positively influences internet exposure and the ease‐of‐use perception of the shopping medium, referred to throughout this paper as “sh.
Reactivation of acyclovir‐resistant thymidine kinase‐deficient herpes simplex virus harbouring single base insertion within a 7 Gs homopolymer repeat of the thymidine kinase gene

HSV infections are treated efficiently and prevented by acyclovir, although resistant strains have been reported. Resistance to acyclovir involves mainly mutations in the viral gene encoding thymidine kinase; mutations may lead to an altered or, more frequently, deficient TK. These acyclovir‐resistant TK deficient strains are not able to reactivate from a latent infection in an experimental model, compared to TK positive strains. A case is reported of a bone marrow transplant child who developed HSV infection at 11 days post‐transplantation. Acyclovir‐resistant HSV 1 was isolated on day 19 post‐transplantation. The patient was cured of his infection. A resistant virus was detected 20 months later that harboured the same TK gene mutation as the first resistant virus. This mutation is an insertion of one guanine in a homopolymer repeat of seven guanines located at codon 146 of TK. It has previously been reported and associated with the expression of a deficient TK activity and the ability to reactivate in mice. These results corroborate the clinical relevance of this mutation, which is associated with acyclovir‐resistant recurrent infections in humans. J. Med. Virol. 62:247–250, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Directive millimetrewave antennas using freeformed ceramic metamaterials in planar and cylindrical forms

In this paper, we presented applications of millimetrewave EBG structures fabricated using a rapid prototyping technique based on extrusion freeforming. Numerical simulations were performed for the design of millimetrewave woodpile structures. The fabricated woodpile structures have been measured and showed a good agreement with the simulated results. A directive millimetrewave antenna utilising freeformed EBG superstrate with tapered reflectance has been demonstrated. The new EBG superstrate achieves reduced side lobes by reducing the reflection from the edges. We have fabricated for the first time the cylindrical EBG structures and designed a directive fanbeam antenna for high data rate indoor wireless applications at millimetrewave frequencies. The extrusion freeforming is a flexible and versatile technique for realising various non-homogeneous 3D bandgap structures with arbitrary geometries at millimetrewave bands.
Generative linguistics and neural networks at 60: Foundation, friction, and fusion

Abstract:The birthdate of both generative linguistics and neural networks can be taken as 1957, the year of the publication of foundational work by both Noam Chomsky and Frank Rosenblatt. This article traces the development of these two approaches to cognitive science, from their largely autonomous early development in the first thirty years, through their collision in the 1980s around the past-tense debate (Rumelhart & McClelland 1986, Pinker & Prince 1988) and their integration in much subsequent work up to the present. Although this integration has produced a considerable body of results, the continued general gulf between these two lines of research is likely impeding progress in both: on learning in generative linguistics, and on the representation of language in neural modeling. The article concludes with a brief argument that generative linguistics is unlikely to fulfill its promise of accounting for language learning if it continues to maintain its distance from neural and statistical approaches to learning.