Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
It Is an Equal Failing to Trust Everybody and to Trust Nobody

Social media are providing a huge amount of information, in scales never possible before. Sentiment analysis is a powerful tool that uses social media information to predict various target domains (e.g., the stock market). However, social media information may or may not come from trustworthy users. To utilize this information, a very first critical problem to solve is to filter credible and trustworthy information from contaminated data, advertisements, or scams. We investigate different aspects of a social media user to score his/her trustworthiness and credibility. Furthermore, we provide suggestions on how to improve trustworthiness on social media by analyzing the contribution of each trust score. We apply trust scores to filter the tweets related to the stock market as an example target domain. While social media sentiment analysis has been on the rise over the past decade, our trust filters enhance conventional sentiment analysis methods and provide more accurate prediction of the target domain, here, the stock market. We argue that while it is a failing to ignore the information social media provide, effectively trusting nobody, it is an equal failing to trust everybody on social media too: Our filters seek to identify whom to trust.
A Survey of Tool-supported Assurance Case Assessment Techniques

Systems deployed in regulated safety-critical domains (e.g., the medical, nuclear, and automotive domains) are often required to undergo a stringent safety assessment procedure, as prescribed by a certification body, to demonstrate their compliance to one or more certification standards. Assurance cases are an emerging way of communicating safety, security, and dependability, as well as other properties of safety-critical systems in a structured and comprehensive manner. The significant size and complexity of these documents, however, makes the process of evaluating and assessing their validity a non-trivial task and an active area of research. Due to this, efforts have been made to develop and utilize software tools for the purpose of aiding developers and third party assessors in the act of assessing and analyzing assurance cases. This article presents a survey of the various assurance case assessment features contained in 10 assurance case software tools, all of which identified and selected by us via a previously conducted systematic literature review. We describe the various assessment techniques implemented, discuss their strengths and weaknesses, and identify possible areas in need of further research.
Interagency Training for Comprehensive Operations: Government Partners Perceptions of Exercise Maple Guardian (La Formation Interorganismes aux fins d'Operations Globales: Perceptions des Partenaires Gouvernementaux de l'Exercise Maple Guardian)

Abstract : 39 members of Other Government Departments (OGDs) including 14 from the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), 11 from the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT), and 14 members of civilian police organizations (CIVPOL), completed a short questionnaire assessing their perceptions of the training effectiveness of Exercise Maple Guardian (EX MG), a large, realistic Canadian Forces (CF) pre-deployment training exercise. Members of OGDs rated the value of the training quite positively in terms of the degree of contact they had with members of the CF during the exercise and as preparation to work with the CF when deployed. Average ratings were less favourable with respect to the degree of contact with the Afghan role players during the exercise, and in terms of the resultant perceived value of the training as preparation to work with members of the Afghan population while deployed. Analyses revealed that CIDA, DFAIT and CIVPOL members rated the training effectiveness equally in terms of working with the CF. However, the CIDA group rated the training as being significantly more useful in terms of their ability to work with members of the Afghan population than did the DFAIT group (the CIVPOL group did not differ from either of the other two groups). Both the CIDA and the CIVPOL groups indicated that the training had provided them with more effective tools/skills for working with the Afghan public than did the DFAIT group. Results of analysis of the open-ended survey responses largely echoed the quantitative survey findings.
Sex Differences in Intellectual Performance: Analysis of a Large Cohort of Competitive Chess Players

Only 1% of the world's chess grandmasters are women. This underrepresentation is unlikely to be caused by discrimination, since chess ratings objectively reflect competitive results. Using data on the ratings of 250,000 tournament players over 13 years, we investigate several potential explanations for the male domination of elite chess. We find that: (1) the ratings of men are higher on average than those of women, but no more variable; (2) matched boys and girls improve and drop out at equal rates, but boys begin chess competition in greater numbers and at higher performance levels than girls; (3) in locales where at least 50% of the new young players are girls, their initial ratings are not lower than those of boys. We conclude that the greater number of men at the highest levels in chess can be explained by the greater number of boys who enter chess at the lowest levels.
Exploring ways to incorporate additional knowledge to improve Natural Language Commonsense Question Answering

DARPA and Allen AI have proposed a collection of datasets to encourage research in Question Answering domains where (commonsense) knowledge is expected to play an important role. Recent language models such as BERT and GPT that have been pre-trained on Wikipedia articles and books, have shown decent performance with little fine-tuning on several such Multiple Choice Question-Answering (MCQ) datasets. Our goal in this work is to develop methods to incorporate additional (commonsense) knowledge into language model based approaches for better question answering in such domains. In this work we first identify external knowledge sources, and show that the performance further improves when a set of facts retrieved through IR is prepended to each MCQ question during both training and test phase. We then explore if the performance can be further improved by providing task specific knowledge in different manners or by employing different strategies for using the available knowledge. We present three different modes of passing knowledge and five different models of using knowledge including the standard BERT MCQ model. We also propose a novel architecture to deal with situations where information to answer the MCQ question is scattered over multiple knowledge sentences. We take 200 predictions from each of our best models and analyze how often the given knowledge is useful, how many times the given knowledge is useful but system failed to use it and some other metrices to see the scope of further improvements.
Open Challenges of Blind People Using Smartphones

ABSTRACT Blind people face significant challenges when using smartphones. The focus on improving nonvisual mobile accessibility has been at the level of touchscreen access. Our research investigates the challenges faced by blind people in their everyday usage of mobile phones. In this article, we present a set of studies performed with the target population, novices and experts, using a variety of methods, targeted at identifying and verifying challenges; and coping mechanisms. Through a multiple methods approach we identify and validate challenges locally with a diverse set of user expertise and devices, and at scale through the analyses of the largest Android and iOS dedicate forums for blind people. We contribute with a prioritized corpus of smartphone challenges for blind people, and a discussion on a set of directions for future research, which tackle the open and often overlooked challenges.
Nonlinear energy loss in the oscillations of coated and uncoated bubbles: Role of thermal, radiation damping and encapsulating shell at various excitation pressures

A simple generalized model (GM) for coated bubbles accounting for the effect of compressibility of the liquid is presented. The GM was then coupled with nonlinear ODEs that account for the thermal effects. Starting with mass and momentum conservation equations for a bubbly liquid and using the GM, nonlinear pressure dependent terms were derived for energy dissipation due to thermal damping (Td), radiation damping (Rd) and dissipation due to the viscosity of liquid (Ld) and coating (Cd). The dissipated energies were solved for uncoated and coated 2- 20 $\mu m$ bubbles over a frequency range of $0. 25f_r-2. 5f_r$ ($f_r$ is the bubble resonance) and for various acoustic pressures (1kPa-300kPa). Thermal effects were examined for air and C3F8 gas cores in each case. For uncoated bubbles with an air gas core and a diameter larger than 4 $\mu m$, thermal damping is the strongest damping factor. When pressure increases, the contributions of Rd grow faster and become the dominant damping mechanism for pressure dependent resonance frequencies (e.g. fundamental and super harmonic resonances). For coated bubbles, Cd is the strongest damping mechanism. As pressure increases Rd contributes more to damping compared to Ld and Td. In case of air bubbles, as pressure increases, the linear thermal model largely deviates from the nonlinear model and accurate modeling requires inclusion of the full thermal model. However, for coated C3F8 bubbles of diameter 1-8 $\mu m$, typically used in medical ultrasound, thermal effects maybe neglected even at higher pressures. We show that the scattering to damping ratio (STDR), a measure of the effectiveness of the bubble as contrast agent, is pressure dependent and can be maximized for specific frequency ranges and pressures.
Flexible Disaster Response of Tomorrow - Final Presentation and Evaluation of the CENTAURO System

Mobile manipulation robots have high potential to support rescue forces in disaster-response missions. Despite the difficulties imposed by real-world scenarios, robots are promising to perform mission tasks from a safe distance. In the CENTAURO project, we developed a disaster-response system which consists of the highly flexible Centauro robot and suitable control interfaces including an immersive tele-presence suit and support-operator controls on different levels of autonomy. In this article, we give an overview of the final CENTAURO system. In particular, we explain several high-level design decisions and how those were derived from requirements and extensive experience of Kerntechnische Hilfsdienst GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany (KHG). We focus on components which were recently integrated and report about a systematic evaluation which demonstrated system capabilities and revealed valuable insights.
Coupling Wind Farm with Nuclear Power Plant

Climate change has been identified as one of the greatest challenges facing nations, governments, businesses and citizens of the globe. The threats of climate change demand an increase in the share of renewable energy from the total of energy generation. Meanwhile, there are tremendous efforts to decrease the reliance on fossil fuel energies which opens the venue for increasing the usage of alternative resources such as nuclear energy. Many countries (e.g. Egypt) are planning to meet increasing electricity demands by increasing both renewable (especially wind energy) and nuclear energies contributions in electricity generation. In the planning phase of siting both new Wind Farms (WFs) and Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs), many benefits and challenges exist. An important aspect taken into consideration during the NPP siting is the existence of ultimate heat sink which is sea water in most cases. That is why most NPPs are sited on sea coasts. On the other hand, during WF siting, the main influential aspect is the existence of good wind resources. Many coastal areas around the world fulfill this requirement for WF siting. Coupling both NPPs and WFs in one site or nearby has many benefits and obstacles as well. In this thesis, based on international experience and literature reviews, the benefits and obstacles of this coupling/adjacency are studied and evaluated. Various case studies are carried out to verify the coupling/adjacency concept.
Grüneisen parameters for the Lieb-Liniger and Yang-Gaudin models

Using the Bethe ansatz solution, we analytically study expansionary, magnetic and interacting Gruneisen parameters (GPs) for one-dimensional (1D) Lieb-Liniger and Yang-Gaudin models. These different GPs elegantly quantify the dependences of characteristic energy scales of these quantum gases on the volume, the magnetic field and the interaction strength, revealing the caloric effects resulted from the variations of these potentials. The obtained GPs further confirm an identity which is incurred by the symmetry of the thermal potential. We also present universal scaling behavior of these GPs in the vicinities of the quantum critical points driven by different potentials. The divergence of the GPs not only provides an experimental identification of non-Fermi liquid nature at quantum criticality but also elegantly determine low temperature phases of the quantum gases. Moreover, the pairing and depairing features in the 1D attractive Fermi gases can be captured by the magnetic and interacting GPs, facilitating experimental observation of quantum phase transitions. Our results open to further study the interaction- and magnetic-field-driven quantum refrigeration and quantum heat engine in quantum gases of ultracold atoms.
Finite rigid sets in arc complexes

For any compact, connected, orientable, finite-type surface with marked points other than the sphere with three marked points, we construct a finite rigid set of its arc complex: a finite simplicial subcomplex of its arc complex such that any locally injective map of this set into the arc complex of another surface with arc complex of the same or lower dimension is induced by a homeomorphism of the surfaces, unique up to isotopy in most cases. It follows that if the arc complexes of two surfaces are isomorphic, the surfaces are homeomorphic. We also give an exhaustion of the arc complex by finite rigid sets. This extends the results of Irmak--McCarthy.
Using Payment Incentives to Improve Care for the Chronically Ill in Medicare: First Year Implementation of the Medicare Care Management Performance Demonstration (MCMP). Washington, DC: Mathematica Policy Research

The MCMP demonstration aims to improve quality and coordination of care for chronically ill Medicare beneficiaries and to promote adoption and use of health information technology (HIT) by small-to medium-sized primary care practices. This report looks at implementation experiences, use of electronic health records, and care management activities in eight primary care practices in each of the four participating states: Arkansas, California, Massachusetts, and Utah. MCMP appears to have prompted improvements to documentation of care and, to a lesser extent, modest positive operational changes in many of the practices. Changes are typically inconsistently applied based on practitioner and staff time and interest.
How many Achilles ’ heels does a podocyte have ? An update on podocyte biology

The glycosylated transmembrane protein CD147/basigin, also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inducer (EMMPRIN), contributes to cell survival, migration and cancer invasion. In normal kidneys, high expression of CD147 is detected only in the basolateral side of tubular epithelial cells (TECs). The pathophysiological roles of CD147 in the kidneys are diverse, ranging from involvement in the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) that is frequently accompanied by ischemia, inflammation and a loss of selftolerance to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that is caused by an imbalance in extracellular matrix protein turnover. In AKI induced by ischemia, it is the CD147 on neutrophils, rather than that on TECs, that coordinately participates in massive neutrophil recruitment via acting as a physiological ligand for E-selectin, which is specifically enhanced in the endothelium upon inflammatory stimulation. In the CKD that follows AKI, a molecular circuit involving CD147, MMPs and transforming growth factor-β may be involved in the pathogenesis of progressive fibrosis through hyaluronan production and macrophage infiltration. Whereas CD147 thus plays deleterious roles in ischemic and fibrotic kidney injuries, CD147 expression on lymphocytes might decrease the disease activity of lupus nephritis (LN) by functioning as a potential negative regulator of the extraordinary proliferation of lymphocytes that occurs in this disease. In line with these basic studies, our clinical data indicate the potential of plasma CD147 to function as a critical biomarker for both ischemic AKI and LN. CD147 is also involved in crosstalk between the kidneys and distant organs, which may be mediated by chemotactic cytokines that are derived from circulating inflammatory cells and damaged organs. Disruption of such a vicious chain reaction F U L L R E V IE W © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. 1097 D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /ndt/article-at/30/7/1091/2324793 by gest on 07 Jauary 2019
The Neural Hype and Comparisons Against Weak Baselines

Recently, the machine learning community paused in a moment of self-reflection. In a widelydiscussed paper at ICLR 2018, Sculley et al. [13] wrote: “We observe that the rate of empirical advancement may not have been matched by consistent increase in the level of empirical rigor across the field as a whole. ” Their primary complaint is the development of a “research and publication culture that emphasizes wins” (emphasis in original), which typically means “demonstrating that a new method beats previous methods on a given task or benchmark”. An apt description might be “leaderboard chasing”—and for many vision and NLP tasks, this isn’t a metaphor. There are literally centralized leaderboards that track incremental progress, down to the fifth decimal point, some persisting over years, accumulating dozens of entries. Sculley et al. remind us that “the goal of science is not wins, but knowledge”. The structure of the scientific enterprise today (pressure to publish, pace of progress, etc.) means that “winning” and “doing good science” are often not fully aligned. To wit, they cite a number of papers showing that recent advances in neural networks could very well be attributed to mundane issues like better hyperparameter optimization. Many results can’t be reproduced, and some observed improvements might just be noise. I’d like to suggest that similar self-examination is needed in our own community, especially with respect to the hype surrounding neural IR approaches. They are new, shiny, and have enchanted our youngest members—new students, many of whom find it hard to believe that anything even existed before neural networks. Yet it is unclear to me, at least for “classic” ad hoc retrieval problems without vast quantities of training data from behavior logs, whether neural techniques are actually more effective in absolute terms. As Sculley et al. suggest, (at least some) progress may be illusionary. As in many other communities, a “win” is pretty much a prerequisite to getting a paper published at a top IR venue today. However, I am disappointed that it is not difficult to find neural ranking papers that demonstrate winning by showing statistically significant improvements over weak or inadequately-tuned baselines. These papers report comparisons to leaderboards selectively populated by entries of the authors’ choosing, where better results are often ignored. To set up a contrast: for NLP tasks, even if there isn’t a centralized leaderboard, it is customary for researchers to start with a previous paper that describes the state of the art, copy its results table, and then
ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC OSTEOMYELITIS OF THE JAWS

Chronic osteomyelitis of maxilla and mandible is rare in industrialized countries and its occurrence in developing countries is associated with trauma and surgery, and its microbial etiology has not been studied thoroughly. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the microbiota associated with osteomyelitis of mandible or maxilla from some Brazilian patients. After clinical and radiographic evaluation, samples of bone sequestra, purulent secretion, and biopsies of granulomatous tissues from twenty-two patients with chronic osteomyelitis of mandible and maxilla were cultivated and submitted for pathogen detection by using a PCR method. Each patient harbored a single lesion. Bacterial isolation was performed on fastidious anaerobe agar supplemented with hemin, menadione and horse blood for anaerobes; and on tryptic soy agar supplemented with yeast extract and horse blood for facultative bacteria and aerobes. Plates were incubated in anaerobiosis and aerobiosis, at 37C for 14 and 3 days, respectively. Bacteria were cultivated from twelve patient samples; and genera Actinomyces, Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, and Staphylococcus were the most frequent. By PCR, bacterial DNA was detected from sixteen patient samples. The results suggest that cases of chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws are usually mixed anaerobic infections, reinforcing the concept that osteomyelitis of the jaws are mainly related to microorganisms from the oral environment, and periapical and periodontal infections may act as predisposing factors.
Regional Economic Integration And Its Impacts On Growth, Poverty, And Income Distribution: The Case Of Indonesia

Indonesia continually tries to open its economy through free trade areas (FTAs) on bilateral, regional, and multilateral bases. This paper discusses the impacts of FTAs on the Indonesian economy, particularly for economic growth, poverty, and income distribution. By using a Global Computable General Equilibrium (GCGE) model, we conducted the simulation analysis by setting eighteen scenarios for the ongoing and potential FTAs of different frameworks. Indonesia is found to benefit from joining in FTAs, except for the FTA with India. It is also implied that FTAs increase rural household income at higher rates than they increase urban household income. Moreover, FTAs' impacts are more favorable for unskilled workers than for skilled ones, and also for relatively poor households more than for rich households, both in urban and rural areas. In brief, FTAs provide Indonesia with income redistribution effects.
Comparative Studies on the Amino acid Content of Soft Cheese Produced from Cow and Goat Milk using Different Biocoagulants

A comparative study was carried out on the amino acid content of soft cheese produced from cow and goat milk; Extract of Calotropis procera and nonconventional coagulants such as Carica papaya extract, lemon juice and steep water from different grains (maize, sorghum, millet) were used. The raw milk was processed into soft cheese and amino acid profile of the cheese sample was carried out using standard methods. The revealed that, Leucine was the highest essential amino acid in cheese coagulated with Calotropis procera and methionine was the least amino acid in cheese coagulated with steep water from millet (9.98g/100g protein, 0.75g/100g protein). Leucine was also the highest essential amino acid in goat milk coagulated with lemon juice and tryptophan was the least amino acid in cheese coagulated with steep water from maize (11.60g/100g protein, 1.26g/100g protein). The highest non essential amino acid for cheese produced from both milk samples is glutamic acid (15.67g/100g protein, 14.00g/100g protein). The use of goat milk for the production of soft cheese appeared to be a very good source of both essential and non essential amino acids and coagulant such as lemon juice appears to be promising for the production of highly nutritious soft cheese.