Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vortex dynamics in a shearing zonal flow

When vortices are embedded in a shearing zonal flow their interactions are changed qualitatively. If the zonal flow's shear and the vortex's strength are of the same order and opposite sign, the vortex is pulled into a thin spiral, fragments, and is destroyed in a turn-around time. If the signs are the same, the vortex redistributes its vorticity so that its maximum value is at the centre, and its shape is determined by the ratio of its vorticity to the shear of the surrounding zonal flow. The dynamics depends crucially on the exchange between the self-energy of the vortices and the interaction energy of the zonal flow with the vortices. A numerical example that shows all of these effects is the breakup of a vortex layer: either a single large vortex is formed or successively smaller and more numerous thin filaments of vorticity are created. Two stable vortices are shown to merge if their initial separation in the cross-zonal direction is smaller than a critical distance which is approximately equal the vortices’ radii. The motions of large vortices are constrained by conservation laws, but when the zonal flow is filled with small-scale filaments of vorticity, the large vortices exchange energy with the filaments so that they are no longer constrained by these laws, and their dynamics become richer. Energy is shown to flow from the large vortices to the filaments, and this observation is used to predict the strength of boundary layers and the critical separation distance for vortex merging.
Life History and Demographics of the Endangered Birdwing Pearlymussel (Lemiox rimosus) (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

Abstract The life history and population demography of the endangered birdwing pearlymussel (Lemiox rimosus) were studied in the Clinch and Duck rivers, Tennessee. Reproducing populations of L. rimosus now occur only in the Clinch, Duck and Powell rivers, as the species is considered extirpated from the remaining portions of its range in the Tennessee River drainage. Females are long-term winter brooders, typically gravid from Oct. to May. Glochidia are contained in the outer gills and are released in association with a mantle-lure that resembles a small freshwater snail. Estimated fecundity, based on 8 gravid females collected from the Clinch and Duck rivers, ranged from 4132 to 58,700 glochidia/mussel. Seven fish species were tested for suitability as hosts for glochidia, and five darter species were confirmed through induced infestations: Etheostoma blennioides, E. camurum, E. rufilineatum, E. simoterum and E. zonale. Ages of L. rimosus shells were determined by thin-sectioning and ranged from 3 to 15 y in both rivers. Shell growth was higher and maximum size greater in males than females in both rivers. Shell growth was greatest in the Duck River. Densities of L. rimosus in the Clinch River were maintained at seemingly stable but low levels ranging from 0.07 to 0.27 m−2 from 2004–2007, and in the Duck River at similar but higher levels ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 m−2 from 2004–2006. In the latter river, abundance has increased since 1988, likely due to improved minimum flows and dissolved oxygen levels in water releases from a reservoir upstream.
The Usage of Turkish Grammatical Morphemes by Learners of Turkish as a Second Language

In Turkish, new words are mostly formed through adding certain suffixes to the root of a word. The usage of grammatical morphology in first language acquisition by Turkish children has been studied by various scholars. However, as a second language Turkish needs more scholarly attention since it has long been considered as a less commonly taught language. The case still being the same, though, teaching Turkish as a second language has seen a rise in the recent years. For this reason, the aim of this study is to investigate the use of Turkish case marking (accusative, locative, dative, ablative), plural marking and possessive marking by learners of Turkish from different language backgrounds and ages at two different levels. The participants of this study were chosen from the students attending the Turkish as a Foreign Language Course offered by Çukurova University. At the beginning of the course, the level of the learners was determined via a placement test administered by the School of Foreign Languages in Çukurova University, Turkey. For the purposes of this study, four free writing tasks were given to the learners in each level in a period of two months. At the end of the study, the usage of the morphemes under investigation by the two groups was described and compared and the results were discussed with reference to the previous research in Turkish FLA and SLA.
MORPHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SODIUM FLUORIDE ON HEMATOPOIETIC ORGANS IN MICE

SUMMARY: In connection with earlier studies, we examined early-response morphological effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on hematopoietic organs in adult mice. Mature Balb C mice were given three injections of NaF in their tail veins on alternate days at total doses of 0, 10, and 50 mg NaF/kg bw. In the mice receiving NaF, morphological abnormalities were seen in the spleen as increased lymphocyte nodules, decreased white pulp, and increased red pulp infiltrated by lymphocytes. The changes were greater at the higher dose and, in other exposed mice, were still evident after three weeks. In contrast to the spleen, the liver, kidneys, and bone marrow showed little alteration.
Pattern of snakebite cases evaluated at a tertiary care hospital

Introduction: Snakebite is a serious public health issue worldwide especially in Indian subcontinent. The high mortality in India is due to climatic factors, rural predominance of population and their agricultural dependence. It is a neglected disease that usually affects the rural inhabitants indulging in agricultural activities. All snakes are tabooed for being deadly poisonous but truth is miles away as majority of them belongs to non-poisonous category. Objective: To study the pattern of Snakebite cases evaluated at KLE Hospital of J.N. Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka. Study Design: A retrospective hospital record based study. Materials and Methods: The study was done by analyzing the case records at Medical Record Department of J.N. Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka for all patients admitted with Snakebite envenomation from January 2013 to December 2017. Relevant information was entered in a pre-structured proforma which include age, sex, site of bite, place of residence, occupation, season and time of bite and mortality. All the patients who came to hospital with the history of Snakebite were included in the study. Results: There was total 143 Snake bite cases among which 89 (62.2%) were males and 54 (37.8%) were females. The highest incidence of Snake bite was observed in age group of 20-29 years (29.4%). The majority of the victims belonged to rural areas 107 (74.8%) as compared to urban areas 36 (25.2%). The most vulnerable occupation group was the people involved in the agricultural activities 85 (59.4%). The maximum number of snake bite cases was reported during the rainy season (40.6%). 117 (81.8%) patients were bitten by venomous snakes as compared to 26 patients (18.2%) which were bitten by non-venomous snakes. Conclusion: Snakebite is a matter of great concern as it is one of the neglected health problems. It is a need of hour to educate the community about the prevention of snakebite, early hospitalization and first aid measures by which ther
Pilot Study of the Influence of Intra-Abdominal Pressure of Parturient Women with Obesity on the Neurologic Status of a Newborn

Introduction: Given in the literature, there is a possible link between perinatal pathology and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in pregnant women. Since intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is the companion of obesity, we can assume that there is a casual relation of perinatal complications of high frequency which obese patients with a level of IAP have. Methods: A pilot study involving 407 patients: 135 of those were patients with the spontaneous labor, 273 were patients with the abdominal delivery. Patients, depending on their body mass index (BMI) were divided into four groups: group I - control (n=117), group II - patients with I degree of obesity (n=158), group III - with II degree of obesity (n=84), group IV - with III degree of obesity (n=48). The groups were divided into subgroups according to the neurological status of a newborn. IAP research was carried out using the indirect method through the bladder. The assessment of mental status of the newborn was performed with the help of NACS scale. Results: The frequency and severity of the neurological deficit in newborns depended on the level of IAP before delivery and IAP in delivery. The correlational analysis of the degree of asphyxia and neonatal neurologic status is the presence of an average bond strength (r=-0.66, p<0.001). In subgroups where the epidural analgesia was introduced during labor, the overall score on NACS scale was significantly higher (p<0.001). In the groups of patients with severe obesity, the total score on the NACS scale was significantly lower (p<0.05) compared with other methods of anesthesia. Conclusion: The results of the limited pilot study indicate the impact of the level of IAP of parturient women with obesity on the severity of asphyxia and the neurological status of the newborn in the early neonatal period.
Iwasawa modules attached to congruences of cusp forms

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Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports Confidence Cycles

We provide a model that rationalizes variations in confidence of rational agents, both in the timeseries and the cross-section. Combining horizon-dependent risk aversion (“anxiety”) and selective memory, we show that overand underconfidence can arise in the Bayesian equilibrium of an intra-personal game. In the time-series, overconfidence is more prevalent when actual risk levels are high, while underconfidence occurs when risks are low. In the cross-section, more anxious agents are more prone to biased confidence and their beliefs fluctuate more, leading them to buy in booms and sell in crashes. Lastly, fluctuations in confidence can amplify boom-bust cycles.
Distinctions Between Worry and Perceived Risk in the Context of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Worry and risk perception were integrated into the theory of planned behavior (TPB) within health and non-health domains (flossing and academic coursework, respectively). Models were estimated and replicated in 2 undergraduate samples (ns = 191 and 309), with effects of worry and risk on intentions expected to occur primarily through attitudes. Past behavior was modeled through effects on all TPB constructs and through interactions with worry and risk. Worry positively predicted intentions and attitudes (and norms in the non-health domain) for those at the lowest levels of prior behavior. Risk perceptions negatively predicted intentions and self-efficacy (and attitudes in the health context) also for those at low levels of prior behavior. Implications for further theory development are discussed.
SPECIFIC NATURAL BIOACTIVE TYPE 1 COLLAGEN PEPTIDES ORAL INTAKE REVERSE SKIN AGING SIGNS IN MATURE WOMEN

Objective: To assess the anti-aging potential of three type I fish collagen hydrolysates (CH1=Naticol® BPMG, CH2=Naticol® HPMG, CH3=Naticol® 1000MG) on skin aging signs for three different body sites of mature women. Design: Double-blind, randomized and Placebo-controlled clinical study. Setting: Centre of Clinical Pharmacology Applied to Dermatology (CPCAD, Nice). Participants: Sixty women aged 46-69 years having skin aging signs on the face. Intervention: Participants were randomized to receive a once daily 5g dose of one of the CHs or Placebo for 8 weeks. Measurements: Skin biomechanics, skin hydration and visual assessment of the crow’s-feet wrinkles were evaluated after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Subject satisfaction questionnaire and Investigator global efficacy appreciation (IGEA) were also used. Results: Skin biomechanics indicated a significant improvement of skin firmness for the three CHs compared to Placebo, in particular for CH2. An increase of overall skin elasticity for CH3 (p = 0.017) and CH2 (p = 0.044) on the abdomen was also observed. This was corroborated by the significant decrease of the crow’s-feet wrinkle score at week 8 for both CH3 and CH2 (p=0.023 and p=0.014, respectively). Concerning the self-questionnaire, overall the number of positive responses was significantly higher for CH2 compared to Placebo and other CHs. For the IGEA, the number of favorable answers was greater for CH2 than for the Placebo group (80% vs. 36%, p= 0.025). A positive influence of CH treatments could be observed for skin hydration but failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusion: The tested type I fish collagen hydrolysates have beneficial effects on skin quality. In particular, CH2 demonstrated the greatest range of these effects including improvement of skin biomechanics, decrease of wrinkles, good subject satisfaction and no related adverse events.
Lifestyle and Aging Effects in the Development of Insulin Resistance — Activating the Muscle as Strategy Against Insulin Resistance by Modulating Cytokines and HSP70

This chapter discusses about subclinical processes related to insulin resistance development that worsen the muscle metabolic functions, generated by factors such as lifestyle (bad quality food intake and sedentary behavior) and aging. Also discussed are the effects of regular physical exercise as a strategy to prevent the metabolic impairment in organisms, approaching since muscle subclinical molecular processes to the whole body’s integrative physiology. Insulin resistance development includes modification in the pattern of inflammatory cytokines, heat shock proteins, tissuespecific defects in insulin action and signaling, oxidative stress and ectopic lipid deposition. The exercise is a known modulator of all parameters listed above and has important role in the regulation of “immune-metabolic” homeostasis from the muscle to the whole body. This chapter aims to present a new molecular approach related to the control of metabolism and encourage scientists and students to propose new strategies against insulin resistance and diabetes type 2 developments.
Dental ecometrics of tropical Africa : Linking vegetation types and communities of large plant-eating mammals

Background: The dental characteristics of large plant-eating mammals, such as hypsodonty, quite accurately describe present and past climatic conditions worldwide. However, several peculiar regions give systematically higher predictions of primary productivity than the local average environmental conditions should support. We call these 'anomalies'. Anomalies are prominent in areas dominated by pastoralism, such as the Sahel in Africa, suggesting human-competitive pressure against the wild animal communities. Question: What might explain such dental ecometric anomalies? Data: Occurrence of large, plant-eating mammals worldwide; quantitative characteristics of their teeth; global net primary productivity derived from temperature and precipitation relationships. Analyses: We analyse dental ecometrics of present-day Africa, with the aim to understand the ecology behind such anomalies. By identifying dental traits that are differentially sensitive to human activities, we can develop tailored models for accurate reconstruction of tropical habitats while taking human activities into account. Results: A combination of dental crown height and reinforcement of cusps helps to distinguish continuous, moist forests from patchy forest fragments within arid grasslands. We demonstrate how dental traits that have different sensitivity to competition with livestock can capture anthropogenic effects on wild animal communities in climatically sensitive zones. We produce a methodology for understanding the present and guiding the future of terrestrial ecosystems. (Less)
Comparison of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects of Two Hydrofluoroalkane Formulations of Salmeterol

Introduction: To compare the Pharmacokinetic (PK) and Pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of two Hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) formulations of salmeterol xinafoate (Test HFA formulation, Cipla Ltd., India; Reference HFA formulation, Allen and Hanburys, UK) administered using pressurized metered dose inhalers. Methods: Three separate randomized, crossover, PK studies and one PD study comparing the efficacy and safety of the two HFA formulations of salmeterol xinafoate (25 μg per actuation) in healthy subjects were conducted. The PK assessments of the two formulations were done without charcoal blockade, with charcoal blockade, and with a Volumatic spacer device using a single dose. A PD study was also conducted to evaluate the systemic exposure of the two formulations using three different doses (50 μg, 150 μg and 300 μg). Results: In the PK study without charcoal, the 90% CI for the difference between the two formulations for AUC0-t was within the bioequivalence limits of 80-125%; however, Cmax marginally exceeded the upper bioequivalence limit to 136%. In the PK study with charcoal, the 90% CI for the difference between the two formulations for Cmax was within the bioequivalence limits of 80-125%; however, AUC0-t marginally exceeded the upper bioequivalence limit to 128%. The impact of marginally higher systemic exposure was therefore further evaluated in the PD study. The PD study confirmed there were no greater systemic safety effects of the test formulation on the primary PD endpoints such as heart rate and serum potassium as well as on other safety PD endpoints such as blood glucose and QTc interval. The PK study with spacer demonstrated bioequivalence between the test and reference formulations. Both formulations were safe and well tolerated. Conclusion: The test HFA formulation of salmeterol was therapeutically equivalent to the reference HFA formulation of salmeterol when used with and without a spacer.
Self-consistent determination of the fictitious temperature in thermally-assisted-occupation density functional theory

We propose a self-consistent scheme for the determination of the fictitious temperature in thermally-assisted-occupation density functional theory (TAO-DFT) [J.-D. Chai, J. Chem. Phys., 2012, 136, 154104], a very efficient electronic structure method for studying nanoscale systems with strong static correlation effects (which are “challenging systems” for traditional electronic structure methods). In comparison with semilocal density functionals in Kohn–Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT), the corresponding semilocal density functionals in TAO-DFT (with the self-consistent fictitious temperature) provide significant improvement for systems with strong static correlation effects (e.g., the dissociation of H2 and N2 and twisted ethylene), and retain very similar performance for systems without strong static correlation effects (e.g., thermochemistry, kinetics, and reaction energies), yielding a much more balanced performance for both types of systems than those in KS-DFT. Besides, a reliably accurate description of noncovalent interactions can be efficiently achieved via the inclusion of dispersion corrections in TAO-DFT. Relative to the previous system-independent fictitious temperature scheme in TAO-DFT, the present self-consistent fictitious temperature scheme in TAO-DFT is generally superior in performance for a very broad range of applications.
Nutritional and microbiological quality of germinated soy flour

This investigation was carried out to evaluate the nutritional and microbiological quality of germinated soy flour. Protein content of germinated soy flour was 6.90% higher than the non-germinated soy flour. Essential amino acids content, including Lysine, Valine and Threonine was increased by 8.53%, 8.50% and 7.93% respectively. In addition, vitamin B2 and iron contents were also increased by 14.29% & 8.80% respectively, compared to non-germinated soy flour. Germination resulted in nutritionally enriched soy flour as compared to non-germinationated one. The microbiological quality parameters including total bacterial count, total coliform count, fecal indicator Escherichia coli and yeast & mold count was found to be within acceptable level throughout the 6 months of storage at ambient temperature. No food borne pathogen including Salmonella spp. Staphylococcus aureus was detected. Furthermore, spore forming bacteria including Bacillus cereus was not detected in any of the germinated soy flour sample tested. In addition, fungal metabolites including aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 could not be detected in any sample. Nutritional and microbiological finding of this study, indicate the germinated soy flour could be used as raw material or ingredient for making diverse food and bakery products. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(3), 167-174, 2016
The Power of Pictures: Vertical Picture Angles in Power Pictures

Conventional wisdom suggests that variations in vertical picture angle cause the subject to appear more powerful when depicted from below and less powerful when depicted from above. However, do the media actually use such associations to represent individual differences in power? We argue that the diverse perspectives of evolutionary, social learning, and embodiment theories all suggest that the association between verticality and power is relatively automatic and should, therefore, be visible in the portrayal of powerful and powerless individuals in the media. Four archival studies (with six samples) provide empirical evidence for this hypothesis and indicate that a salience power context reinforces this effect. In addition, two experimental studies confirm these effects for individuals producing media content. We discuss potential implications of this effect.
Output Tasks, Noticing, and Learning: Teaching English Past Tense to Iranian EFL Students.

EFL Learners often have problems using the past tense accurately. In an attempt to solve their problem, this study was carried out to examine the effects of using two different types of output tasks on noticing and learning the English past tense. Sixty female school-age EFL learners were divided into groups of 18, 19, and 23 participants. A pretest was administered at the outset of the study, the scores of which proved that all the participants equally lacked the required accuracy in using the target structure. Therefore, five treatment sessions followed, during which the first two groups were given picture-cued writing tasks and reconstruction tasks respectively. The comparison group, however, did comprehension check-up tasks. Finally, a posttest was given. The results of the statistical analyses revealed that only the reconstruction group improved in their noticing of the target feature. However, both experimental groups equally promoted their learning of the form.