Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linear Regression Based Alignment of Parallel Texts Using Homograph Words

About 15% of the vocabulary found in large texts of the Official Journal of the European Communities is the same in its various official languages. If we take, for example, the Portuguese- Spanish pair, the rate rises to more than 30% since these are similar languages and, for the opposite reason, it drops to about 10% for the pair Portuguese-German. This is a wealthy source of information for parallel texts alignment that should not be left unused. Bearing this in mind, this paper describes a language independent method that makes use of those words, which are homograph for a pair of languages, in order to align parallel texts. This work was originally inspired and extends work done by Pascale Fung & Kathleen McKeown, and Melamed. In order to filter out words that may cause misalignment, we use confidence bands of linear regression analysis instead of statistically unsupported heuristics. We do not get 100% text alignment precision mostly due to term order policies in the different languages. The parallel segments obtained have an average length of four words for case law texts.
High expression of crystallin αB represents an independent molecular marker for unfavourable ovarian cancer patient outcome and impairs TRAIL‐ and cisplatin‐induced apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells

Dysregulated apoptotic pathways are regarded as major reasons for chemoresistance development as a particular challenge in ovarian cancer therapy. In search of molecular factors affecting human ovarian cancer cell apoptosis and, consequently, patient survival, we examined tumors of 103 platinum‐/taxane‐treated ovarian cancer patients by mRNA‐array hybridization, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. We identified high expression of crystallin αB (CRYAB), a proposed negative regulator of tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)‐mediated apoptosis. By Kaplan Meier analysis, this factor turned out to be significantly associated with poor patient outcome [overall survival (OS) p = 0.001, recurrence‐free survival (RFS) p = 0.003]. Elevated hazard ratios (HR) were estimated with regard to OS (HR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.10–4.06) and RFS (HR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.07–3.47) in multivariable analyses. These associations were confirmed in independent, publicly available mRNA data comprising 431 patients for OS (p < 0.001) and 413 for RFS (p < 0.001). Our findings were validated by studying apoptotic events in cultured human ovarian cancer cells which were stably transfected to express elevated CRYAB levels. These data emphasized the crucial role of CRYAB in human ovarian cancer biology since TRAIL‐ as well as cisplatin‐induced apoptosis was significantly impaired as a function of enhanced CRYAB expression. Taken together, we identified CRYAB as an independent biomarker for unfavourable outcome of human ovarian cancer patients. Since TRAIL is currently tested as anti‐cancer drug and large proportions of the present patient cohort displayed low CRYAB levels in their tumors, CRYAB may enable the selection of patient subgroups benefiting most from TRAIL‐containing therapy.
Differential expression of polycomb repression complex 1 (PRC1) members in the developing mouse brain reveals multiple complexes

Polycomb group (PcG) genes are regulators of body segmentation and cell growth, therefore being important players during development. PcG proteins form large complexes (PRC) that fulfil mostly repressive regulative functions on homeotic gene expression. Although expression of PcG genes in the brain has been noticed, the involvement of PcG genes in the processes of brain development is not understood. In this study, we analysed the expression patterns of PRC1 complex members to reveal PcG proteins that might be relevant for mouse brain development. Using in situ hybridisation, we show PRC1 activity in proliferative progenitor cells during neurogenesis, but also in maturated neuronal structures. PRC1 complex compositions vary in a spatial and temporal controlled manner during mouse brain development, providing cellular tools to act in different developmental contexts of cell proliferation, cell fate determination, and differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 235:2574–2585, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Women's Access to Politics and Peaceful States

The article examines the relationship between women in society and the use of force by the state in the international arena. The arguments build on a conception of power relationships found in gender studies and feminist theories, and focus on how the internal distribution of political power at a societal level (as opposed to a state level) will influence the willingness of the ruling elite to engage in militarized interstate disputes and war. That is, the article explores the extent to which fertility rates directly and indirectly - through women's employment and political office - are associated with the use of force by a state. The authors draw on public opinion literature, which shows that women's attitudes toward the use of force differ from those of men, to argue that the more women have access to the political process the more constrained will be the state in its use of force. The results of the analysis demonstrate that at the dyadic level, contiguous pairs of countries with low birthrates are less likely to go to war, while, more generally, the lower the birthrates the less likely is a country to become engaged in the more violent of militarized disputes. Our results suggest that policies to promote family planning might be one effective form of managing the amount of interstate violence.
Implications of intensification of pastoral animal production on animal welfare

Abstract The intensification of pastoral animal production results from several major developments including increased forage production and utilisation, diet supplementation, breeding animals to increase milk, meat or wool production, and changes in management. The impact of increased intensification on welfare will differ across species and systems. More intensive-grazing systems and the feeding of novel forages will underpin all moves to intensification. More intensive grazing generally reduces opportunities for shade and shelter. Improved nutrition will generally benefit welfare but competition for available feed may cause increased social pressure. Increased flock and herd size will be associated with a reduction in the human:animal ratio and less time to observe individual animals. Remote monitoring of activity and health might counter this impact. Intensification of dairy production will result in larger herds, more year-round milking, robotic milking, use of housing and yards year round, and total mixed-ration feeding. Larger herds mean longer distances to walk to and from the dairy shed, and more lameness and less time to spend on self-maintenance activities such as grooming. Holding and feeding dairy cows on yards will cause an increase in lameness and mastitis and perhaps an increase in agonistic behaviour but will reduce time spent walking. Intensification of sheep production will involve increased flock size, increased fecundity, breeding from hoggets, and breeding ewes all year round. Housing during lambing might be considered appropriate, as would feeding to lift milk yields. Increased fecundity with an increase in triplets will increase lamb mortality rates, but housing ewes, when managed well, will result in reduced lamb mortality. Intensification of lamb finishing will be by improved nutrition. Intensification of beef production will include more breeding of heifers at 15 months, and more problems with dystocia. Intensification of pastoral production will have positive and negative effects on animal welfare. The balance will be determined by the quality of management and stockmanship, and the pressure on businesses to be profitable.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Systemic Disease?

introDuCtion Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a specific type of chronic progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia associated with a histopathologic pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia. IPF is typically considered to be a lung‐limited disorder. Although the primary manifestations of IPF are pulmonary in nature, IPF is increasingly recognized as a systemic disease due to its strong association with comorbidities and complications.
Elastic Memory Management for Cloud Data Analytics

We develop an approach for the automatic and elastic management of memory in shared clusters executing data analytics applications. Our approach, called ElasticMem, comprises a technique for dynamically changing memory limits in Java virtual machines, models to predict memory usage and garbage collection cost, and a scheduling algorithm that dynamically reallocates memory between applications. Experiments with our prototype implementation show that our approach outperforms static memory allocation leading to fewer query failures when memory is scarce, up to 80% lower garbage collection overheads, and up to 30% lower query times when memory is abundant.
Capacity Maximization of OWC Systems via Joint Precoding and Probabilistic Shaping

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a capacity-approaching scheme via joint probabilistic shaping (PS) and precoding in an optical wireless communication (OWC) system. Different from the bit-and-power- and entropy-loading schemes, the proposed scheme only requires one modulation format with one single-PS distribution while offering the ability of maximizing the system’s throughput. Moreover, we show that the proposed scheme also exhibits superior spectral efficiency (SE) and generalized mutual information (GMI) performances. As a result, the implementation complexity is significantly reduced without affecting the capacity-approaching capability. We show that for a 36-Gbit/s OWC transmission, ~5 dB improvement in the received optical power (ROP) sensitivity can be achieved by using the proposed scheme. In addition, a maximized 48-Gbit/s transmission over 2-m OWC channel is successfully demonstrated with a BER lower than $3.8\times 10^{-3}$ , which corresponds to more than 33% capacity enhancement.
The Investigation of the Presence and Antimicrobial Profiles of Arcobacter Species in Sheep Carcasses and Feces

DOI : 10.26650/actavet.2019. 18007 This study was designed to investigate the presence and the prevalence of Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii in sheep carcass swabs and feces from sheep with and without diarrhea raised in Istanbul. Also it was aimed to determine their resistance profiles against some antimicrobials. For this purpose, 50 fecal samples from sheep without diarrhea, 50 fecal samples from sheep with diarrhea, and 50 carcass swab samples from sheep were the material of this study. Arcobacter spp. were isolated from 49 (32.6%) of total 150 samples. 34 samples (68%) of 50 fecal samples from sheep with diarrhea, 5 samples (10%) from 50 fecal samples of sheep without diarrhea and 10 samples (20%) of 50 sheep carcass swabs were found to be positive according to isolation results. According to multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (mPCR) results, 31 of 49 were identified as A. skirrowii (63.3%), 9 of 49 were A. butzleri (18.3%), while 9 of 49 were A. cryaerophilus (18.3%). As a conclusion, Arcobacter species should be taken into consideration especially in sheep with diarrhea. Additionally, it should be considered that arcobacters have started to gain resistance against fluoroquinolones. Cite this article as : Celik, C. , Ikiz, S. , 2019. The Investigation of the Presence and Antimicrobial Profiles of Arcobacter Species in Sheep Carcasses and Feces. Acta Vet Eurasia 2019; DOI: 10.26650/actavet.2019. 18007
DPPH scavenging activity of some Bis-benzimidazole derivatives

As part of our research on substituted benzimidazoles, we are interested in the synthesis of new heterocyclic molecules. This new organic molecule is a subclass of quinolines with a wide variety of biological properties. In order to affect the binding of quinoline to our bis-benzimidazole derivatives, we have chosen the "azo" bond as a means of attachment. To achieve our goal, we investigated different parameters for the reactions to determine the conditions to obtain the best results. This article discusses the antioxidant activity of our molecules using the DPPH method.
Dietary Protein Deficiency Induces Osteoporosis in Aged Male Rats

Low dietary intake is common in elderly males with low femoral neck areal bone mineral density (BMD). To evaluate the selective influence of a low‐protein diet in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in males and to uncover early and late adaptation of bone cells to protein deficiency, 8‐month‐old male rats were pair‐fed a control (15% casein) or isocaloric low‐protein (2.5% casein) diet for 1 or 7 months. BMD, bone ultimate strength, stiffness, and absorbed energy were measured in tibia proximal metaphysis and diaphysis. After double‐labeling, histomorphometric analysis was performed at the same sites. Serum osteocalcin, insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I), and urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion were measured. In proximal tibia, isocaloric low‐protein diet significantly decreases BMD (12%), cancellous bone mass (71%), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th; 30%), resulting in a significant reduction in ultimate strength (27%). In cortical middiaphysis, a low‐protein diet decreases BMD (9%) and enlarges the medullary cavity (36%), leading to cortical thinning and lower mechanical strength (20%). In cancellous bone, protein deficiency transiently depresses the bone formation rate (BFR; 60%), osteoid seam thickness (15%), and mineral apposition rate (MAR; 20%), indicating a decrease in osteoblast recruitment and activity. Cortical loss (15%) results from an imbalance between endosteal modeling drifts with impaired BFR (70%). From the first week of protein deficiency, osteocalcin and IGF‐I levels drop significantly. Bone resorption activity and urinary deoxypyridinoline remain unchanged throughout the experiment. Protein deficiency in aged male rats induces cortical and trabecular thinning, and decreases bone strength, in association with a remodeling imbalance with a bone formation impairment and a decrease in IGF‐I levels.
Symptoms and spontaneous passage of esophageal coins.

I found the article by Conners et al 1 in the January issue of theArchivesvery interesting. However, the data in their paper do not support one of their conclusions that coins lodged in the proximal or middle esophagus for more than 24 hours do not pass into the stomach and should be removed. If the authors had waited longer than 24 hours, it is certainly possible that more, most, or all the coins would have passed into the stomach. A 1985 telephone survey 2 in Salt Lake City, Utah, of 65 practicing pediatricians revealed that 77% would not obtain a radiograph of an asymtomatic child who swallowed a coin. It is also likely that a large number of coin ingestions never come to the attention of the parent or the physician. In spite of the large number of coin ingestions, many of which undoubtedly include coins lodged in
Molecular analysis of intracultivar polymorphism in 'Peddarasam' mango (Mangifera indica L.) using microsatellite markers

Genetic heterogeneity within clones in various clonally propagated fruit crops is assumed to be very limited. 'Peddarasam' mango is one of the choicest, juicy cultivars of mango (Mangifera indica L.) in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh for which genetic homogeneity has never been demonstrated. Fruit and leaf samples of 25 accessions of 'Peddarasam' (PR Acc-l to PR Acc-25) covering the three eco-geographical regions (Telangana, Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra) of the state were collected through an exploration survey during the summer of 2009. Morphological descriptors and microsatellite markers were used to determine the intravarietal polymorphism. Of the 109 mango-specific microsatellites validated, 56 primers amplified 144 polymorphic bands ranging from 100 - 300 bp. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.03 to 0.82 with an average of 0.50. Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranged between 0.36 and 1.00 signifying wide amplitude (64%) of intracultivar polymorphism, which is the probable reason for heterogeneity in production and quality of this cultivar across the state. Occasional seed propagation, occurrence of bud sports and de novo variation at the SSR loci are likely to be responsible of the intravarietal polymorphism. Microsatellite analysis revealed high intracultivar polymorphism attesting that 'Peddarasam', which is cultivated throughout Andhra Pradesh state, is not a pure clone, a fact which allows the genetic breeding of this cultivar by means of mass selection. SSR-82, SSR-15 and MngSSR-24 produced unique solitary alleles of 130 bp, 245 bp and 150 bp for PR Acc-10, PR Acc-12 and PRAcc-15, respectively, which will enable better identification of accessions from now onwards. Microsatellite markers were proven to be useful in assessing intracultivar polymorphism and identifying accessions of 'Peddarasam'. These results provide evidence that genetic variation among 25 accessions of 'Peddarasam' is present and can be further utilized in breeding programs.
Understanding the Roles of IS Leadership

This research study seeks to provide a more thorough understanding of the role of information systems (IS) leadership in both the public and private sector. Current studies focus mainly or exclusively on only one of these sectors. This study will use a grounded theory approach to identify similarities of and differences between IS leadership roles in each sector as they relate to mission, technology, and culture. The findings will contribute to a more insightful conceptualization and understanding of IS leadership.
An Extended Genetic Linkage Map for Watermelon Based on a Testcross and a BC 2 F 2 Population

There is limited genetic mapping data useful for breeding programs of watermelon. Introgression lines should be a use-ful tool for genetic studies and genetic enhancement of watermelon cultivars. In this study, we used an advanced re-combinant population (BC2F2) to identify and map chromosomal segments of the wild watermelon Citrullus lanatus var. citroides that were incorporated in the genome of the watermelon cultivar Crimson Sweet (Citrullus lanatus var. lana-tus). An advanced recombinant population (BC2F2) was constructed using a United States Plant Introduction (PI) 494817 (C. lanatus var. citroides) (known to have moderate resistance to bacterial fruit blotch) as a donor parent, and the elite watermelon cultivar Crimson Sweet (C. lanatus var. lanatus) as the recurrent parent. The genetic linkage map consists of 272 markers, including 89 sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), 72 targeted region amplifica-tion polymorphism (TRAP), and 111 high frequency oligonucleotide-targeting active gene (HFO-TAG) markers. The 272 markers were assembled into 51 linkage groups, covering a total genetic distance of 2162 cM, with an average genetic distance of 7.9 cM between markers. Also, we expended the genetic linkage map for watermelon derived from a testcross population {Griffin 14113 [C. lanatus var. citroide (L.H. Bailey) Mansf. ] x watermelon cultivar New Hamp-shire Midget (C. lanatus var. lanatus)} x PI 386015 [C. colocynthis (L.) Schrad. ]. The genetic linkage map based on the test cross population consists of 558 markers that cover a genetic distance of 2760.8 cM. This linkage map consists of 41 linkage group, including 10 large linkage groups (ranging from102-240 cM), nine intermediate size linkage groups (ranging from 62-93 cM), and 22 small linkage groups (ranging from 2-56 cM). Comparative mapping between these two linkage maps identified high consensus in 25 HFO-TAG markers and one TRAP marker that represent 8 linkage groups in the BC2F2 population and 9 linkage groups in the testcross population. These results indicate that HFO-TAG markers should be useful in comparative mapping. The extended genetic maps and the genetic population in this study should be useful in breeding programs using marker assisted selection and should serve as a platform for further de-velopment of introgression lines for watermelon.
The paradox of relational development is not universal: Abstract reasoning develops differently across cultures

Recent studies demonstrate a puzzling decline in relational reasoning during development. Specifically, 3-year-olds fail in a relational match-to-sample (RMTS) task, while younger children (18-30 months) succeed (Walker, Bridgers, & Gopnik, 2016). Hoyos, Shao, and Gentner (2016) propose that older children fail because of a bias toward individual object properties induced by “avid noun learning. ” If this is the case, children learning a language with a stronger emphasis on verbs, like Mandarin Chinese, may show an attenuated decline in relational reasoning. We first test this possibility by reproducing the causal RMTS task in China, and find that Mandarin-speaking 3-year-olds outperform their Englishspeaking peers in the U.S. In a second experiment, we show that Mandarin speakers exhibit a corresponding bias toward relational solutions while English speakers prefer objectbased solutions in an ambiguous context. We discuss possible mechanisms through which language and culture may promote (or hinder) the early development of relational reasoning.
Efficient Rate-Distortion Optimized Media Streaming for Tree-Structured Packet Dependencies

When streaming packetized media data over a lossy packet network, it is desirable to use transmission strategies that minimize the expected distortion subject to a constraint on the expected transmission rate. Because the computation of such optimal strategies is usually an intractable problem, fast heuristic techniques are often used. We first show that when the graph that gives the decoding dependencies between the data packets is reducible to a tree, optimal transmission strategies can be efficiently computed with dynamic programming algorithms. The proposed algorithms are much faster than other exact algorithms developed for arbitrary dependency graphs. They are slower than previous heuristic techniques but can provide much better solutions. We also show how to apply our algorithms to find high-quality approximate solutions when the dependency graph is not tree reducible. To validate our approach, we run simulations for MPEG1 and H.264 video data. We first consider a simulated packet erasure channel. Then we implement a real video streaming system and provide experimental results for an Internet connection.
Antigliadin antibodies in Cuban patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2

Objective: To evaluate the significance of antigliadin antibodies (AGA) levels for spinocerebellar ataxia type 2. Methods: We determined AGA levels in 64 patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 and in 65 healthy matched controls. The clinical assessment was carried out using the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale and CAG repeat number was assessed by PCR. Results: Antibodies were positive in 23.4% of the ataxia patients and 9.09% of the controls. Statistical comparison using χ2 test with Yates’s correction reveals significant differences between these two groups (χ2 = 3.94; p = 0.047). The same was obtained for strongly positive AGA (χ2 = 4.62; p = 0.032). There were no significant differences between AGA positive and AGA negative patients in age at onset, disease duration, ataxia score or CAG repeat number, neither in the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms, prevalence of wheat intolerance or body weight. Conclusions: These results demonstrate an association between antigliadin antibodies serum levels and SCA2. However, more work has to be done to clarify the clinical consequences of such an association.