Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glimepiride.

AIMS To study the effects of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmaco-dynamics of glimepiride, a new sulphonylurea antidiabetic drug. METHODS In this randomised, two-phase cross-over study, 10 healthy volunteers were treated for 5 days with 600 mg rifampicin or placebo once daily. On day 6, a single oral dose of 1 mg glimepiride was administered. Plasma glimepiride and blood glucose concentrations were measured up to 12 h. RESULTS Rifampicin decreased the mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve of glimepiride by 34% (P < 0.001) and the mean elimination half-life by 25% (P < 0.05). No significant differences in the blood glucose response to glimepiride were observed between the placebo and rifampicin phases. However, symptomatic hypoglycaemia occurred only during the placebo phase. CONCLUSIONS The effects of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of glimepiride suggest that rifampicin induced the CYP2C9-mediated metabolism of glimepiride and thereby slightly increased its systemic clearance. Because the interaction was modest and did not significantly alter the glucose-lowering effect of glimepiride in healthy volunteers, it is probably of limited clinical significance. However, in some patients the hypoglycaemic effect of glimepiride may be reduced during concomitant treatment with rifampicin.
Effects of Perinatal Undernutrition and Massage Stimulation upon the Ambiguus Nucleus in the Rat Prior to Weaning

Undernutrition produces morphological brain alterations and cognitive deficiencies in children of underdeveloped countries. The central nervous system (CNS) alterations mainly interfere with the anatomical organization of areas undergoing a phase of intense postnatal cell proliferation, disrupting plastic processes like learning, memory, and phonation. In the rat pup, prenatal malnutrition interferes with the elaboration of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) by poorly understood mechanisms. The neuronal caudal portion of the nucleus ambiguus (Ambc) innervates the laryngeal intrinsic muscles to produce phonation, a basic USV communication system. During postnatal development, enhanced plasticity phenomena play a fundamental role in improving brain function. Thus, the massage stimulation (MS) may accelerate growth and induce neurogenesis in different areas of the brain. The current study analyzed the effects of a daily 10-min MS on the dendritic tree and perikarya measurements of Ambc multipolar motoneurons (Golgi-Cox) of perinatally underfed (U), control (C), control massage-stimulated (CMS), and underfed massage-stimulated (UMS) groups at postnatal days (PDs) 8, 12, and 15. The data indicated that the dendritic scores were reduced (p
Risks of donation and quality of donors’ life after living donor liver transplantation

The purpose is to clarify risks of donation and quality of the donor's life after living‐related donor liver transplantation (LDLTx). Sixty‐eight donors were classified into four groups: lateral segment group (n = 30); left lobe group (n = 18); left lobe with the middle hepatic vein group (n = 11); right lobe group (n = 9). We investigated (i) the risks of donation, and evaluated the following: blood loss, operation time, postoperative liver function and duration of hospitalization; (ii) quality of donors’ life: donors were mailed a structured questionnaire and the Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36), a generic measure assessing quality of life using eight scales. The results were: (i) there were no differences in liver function and duration of hospitalization between four groups; (ii) 48 donors (71%) responded. All donors returned to normalcy. The donors did not regret their decision to donate except two cases whose recipients had died. The donors’ life was almost guaranteed regardless of the lobe we used as the graft.
Effects of Prostaglandin F2α and Progesterone on the Ability of Bovine Luteal Cells to Stimulate T Lymphocyte Proliferation1

Abstract Bovine luteal cells express class I and II major histocompatibility complex molecules and stimulate T lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Proliferation of T lymphocytes is greater in cocultures of luteal cells and T lymphocytes collected following administration of a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin (PG) F2α to the cow. Whether this results from changes in luteal cells that increase their ability to stimulate T lymphocyte proliferation or from changes in T lymphocytes that enhance their ability to respond to luteal cells is unclear. To determine which is the case, luteal cell-T lymphocyte cocultures were performed using luteal cells and T lymphocytes isolated from the same animals before and 8 h after administration of PGF2α. In the presence of T lymphocytes collected before PGF2α administration, luteal cells isolated after PGF2α were more potent stimulators of T lymphocyte proliferation than were luteal cells collected before PGF2α (P < 0.05). The effect of progesterone on luteal cell-stimulated T lymphocyte proliferation was also evaluated. Proliferation of T lymphocytes was greater (P < 0.05) in cultures containing the cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme-inhibitor aminoglutethimide. Exogenous progesterone caused a dose-dependent inhibition of luteal cell-stimulated T lymphocyte proliferation (P < 0.05). Progesterone-receptor mRNA was undetectable in peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected before and after PGF2α administration, indicating that the effect of progesterone was not mediated via progesterone receptors in lymphocytes. These results imply that specific changes in luteal cells in response to PGF2α enhance the ability of these cells to stimulate T lymphocyte proliferation. These results also demonstrate that progesterone can suppress luteal cell-stimulated T lymphocyte proliferation.
Growth of NS0 Cells in Protein‐Free, Chemically Defined Medium

Many hybridoma and recombinant myeloma cell lines have been successfully adapted to growth in protein‐free media. Compared with serum‐supplemented media, use of protein‐free media promotes superior cell growth and protein expression and facilitates downstream purification of the expressed product. Owing to its sterol auxotrophy, the NS0 myeloma is normally grown in either a serum‐supplemented medium or a serum‐free medium supplemented with an animal‐derived lipoprotein. CD Hybridoma Medium (a protein‐free, chemically defined formulation) grows many cell lines that do not exhibit lipid dependence, but this medium does not support growth of NS0 cells without further lipid supplementation. We tested several commercially available lipid supplements in CD Hybridoma Medium, including bovine EX‐CYTE VLE. None of the tested supplements supported long‐term growth of NS0 cells in CD Hybridoma Medium. Sustained long‐term growth of NS0 cells was achieved in CD Hybridoma Medium supplemented with various animal‐ or plant‐derived lipids complexed with cyclodextrin. NS0 cells adapted to CD Hybridoma Medium supplemented with cyclodextrin‐lipid complex reached peak cell densities that were more than double those observed in serum‐supplemented medium and were cultured for more than 15 passages. These cultures were also successfully cryopreserved and recovered in this defined medium. Through the use of cyclodextrin‐based additives to CD Hybridoma Medium, it is possible to solubilize significant quantities of sterols and other lipids and to maintain a protein‐free, chemically defined cultivation environment for NS0 cells. The culture system can be kept entirely free of animal‐derived components if the supplement is made with plant‐derived or synthetic lipids.
The accuracy of natriuretic peptides (brain natriuretic peptide and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic) in the differentiation between transfusion‐related acute lung injury and transfusion‐related circulatory overload in the critically ill

BACKGROUND: The diagnostic workup of transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) requires an exclusion of transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO). Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic (NT‐pro‐BNP) accurately diagnosed TACO in preliminary studies that did not include patients with TRALI.
Performance Modeling of Broadcast Polling in IEEE 802.16 Networks with Finite-Buffered Subscriber Stations

In this paper, an approximated model is proposed to analyze the performance of the contention based services via broadcast polling in unsaturated IEEE 802.16 networks with channel errors. The main idea is that each subscriber station with buffer capacity K can be treated as a M/G/1/K queue with service time determined by the backoff process of broadcast polling. Using this model, the normalized network throughput and the distribution of the packet delay are derived. This proposed analytical model is useful for performance evaluation and optimization of best effort or contention-based non-real time polling services. Our simulator written in C++ verifies the accuracy of the proposed analytical model. Furthermore, we show that the model gives good approximations for network performance with a more realistic bursty arrival process at light load, while providing conservative performance measures at medium and high loads.
Network Analogs of Maxwell's Field Equations in One and Two Dimensions

Network analogs are developed representing Maxwell's equations in the time domain for one and two spatial dimensions. Maxwell's equations are first cast into matrix form. Then the connection between these matrices and the branch node incidence matrix of the equivalent network is made. Next, the relationship between the field variables (electric and magnetic fields) and the across and through variables (currents and voltages) of the network is demonstrated, resulting in Ohm's law for electromagnetic fields in the time domain. Although not required for the derivation, the connected graphs (electrical circuits) of the network analogs are shown. Finally, the appropriate network analog is applied to the practical problem of determining the transient response of a dipole antenna to an incident electromagnetic field.
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for the Measurement of Spatial Structures and Fuel Distribution in Flames

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is used for the mapping of local structures (i.e., reactants and products zones) and for the determination of fuel distribution by means of the local equivalence ratio ϕ in laminar, premixed air–hydrocarbon flames. The determination of laser threshold energy to induce breakdown in the different zones of flames is employed for the identification and demarcation of the local structures of a premixed laminar flame, while complementary results about fuel concentration were obtained from measurements of the cyanogen (CN) band Β2Σ+--Χ2Σ+, (Δυ = 0) at 388.3 nm and the ratio of the atomic lines of hydrogen (Hα) and oxygen (O(I)), Hα/O. The combination of these LIBS-based methods provides a relatively simple to use, rapid, and accurate tool for online and in situ combustion diagnostics, providing valuable information about the fuel distribution and the spatial variations of the local structures of a flame.
Differential Vascular Pathophysiologic Types of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stroke: A High-Resolution Wall Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Background and Purpose— Intracranial atherosclerotic stroke (ICAS) has various stroke mechanisms, including branch occlusive disease (BOD), subcortical infarcts caused by parent arterial disease occluding the perforator’s orifice, and non-BOD, infarcts beyond the subcortical area caused by artery-to-artery embolism. To test whether these 2 types of ICAS had different vascular pathophysiologies, we compared the high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging characteristics between BOD and non-BOD ICAS. Methods— Eighty patients with acute infarcts caused by ICAS of proximal middle cerebral artery or basilar artery without carotid/cardiac embolic sources or nonatherosclerotic causes were enrolled (36 BOD and 44 non-BOD patients). The steno-occlusive intracranial artery at the maximal stenosis was analyzed for vascular remodeling and wall enhancement. Results— BOD had distinct radiological features in terms of vascular morphology and enhancement. BOD showed a milder stenosis than non-BOD (P<0.001). Positive remodeling was more frequently observed in non-BOD than in BOD (P=0.005). Wall area index was also lower in BOD. Plaque enhancement was observed in all but one non-BOD patient and in one fourth of BOD patients (P=0.003). Although both types showed an eccentric enhancement, this enhancement was more frequently distributed in the BOD group on the side where the perforators arose. As the number of asymptomatic intracranial stenosis increased, the degree of stenosis (rho=0.513, P=0.003) increased in the BOD group, whereas enhanced plaque area (rho=0.343, P=0.030) increased in the non-BOD group. Conclusions— Our data indicate that BOD is a common and unique form of ICAS, distinct from non-BOD. These 2 types of ICAS have different vascular pathophysiologies in terms of vascular remodeling and plaque characteristics.
Acute and Sub‐Acute Oral Toxicity Assessment of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Withania somnifera Roots in Wistar Rats

Withania somnifera is a widely used medicinal plant for several disorders. Toxicity studies on Withania somnifera are not available. Acute and sub‐acute oral toxicities of Withania somnifera root extract in Wistar rats were evaluated in the present study. In the acute toxicity study, WSR extract was administered to five rats at 2000 mg/kg, once orally and were observed for 14 days. No toxic signs/mortality were observed. In the sub‐acute study, WSR extract was administered once daily for 28 days to rats at 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, orally. No toxic signs/mortality were observed. There were no significant changes (P < 0.05) in the body weights, organ weights and haemato‐biochemical parameters in any of the dose levels. No treatment related gross/histopathological lesions were observed. The present investigation demonstrated that the no observed adverse effect level was 2000 mg/kg body weight per day of hydroalcoholic extract of W. somnifera in rats and hence may be considered as non‐toxic. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biochemical and Genetic Investigation of Round‐headed Spermatozoa in Infertile Men including two Brothers and their Father

Summary: Acrösin and the outer acrosomal membrane (OAM) were studied in the spermatozoa of 9 infertile patients who differed in the number of round‐headed spermatozoa between 14 and 71% in their ejaculates. These sperm components were also investigated in two infertile brothers who exhibited exclusively round‐headed spermatozoa in their ejaculates, and in their fertile father. It turned out that round‐headed spermatozoa lack both acrosin and the OAM as studied by indirect immunofluorescent and immuno‐peroxidase staining technique, gelatinolysis tests and by acrosin activity measurements. The normally shaped spermatozoa of 6 of the 9 infertile patients were found to be positive for acrosin and the OAM as expected, but in the remaining three patients even these spermatozoa were abnormal; in one patient they were unstainable for acrosin and in two patients they were unstainable both for acrosin and the OAM. These results have been confirmed by studies with the gelatinolysis test. The father of the two brothers with exclusively acrosomeless spermatozoa had more than 94% of normally shaped spermatozoa. However, only 10% of these spermatozoa were acrosin positive and only 30% were positive for the OAM. On the basis of these results we postulate that the mode of inheritance of the round‐headed spermatozoa syndrome is polygenic rather than monogenic as suggested by previous authors.
Glycerophospholipid regulation of modality-specific sensory axon guidance in the spinal cord

Axon paths in developing spinal cords Sensory neurons entering the spinal cord take different paths as inputs for pain and proprioception diverge. Working with chick and mouse embryos, Guy et al. found that glycerophospholipids produced by radial glial cells guide these neural fibers, or axons, in the developing spinal cord. A soluble glycerophospholipid released by the cells provided an inhibitory signal to the pain-sensitive axons, keeping them on their own unique pathway. Science, this issue p. 974 Axons follow glycerophospholipids to find their way in the developing spinal cord. Glycerophospholipids, the structural components of cell membranes, have not been considered to be spatial cues for intercellular signaling because of their ubiquitous distribution. We identified lyso-phosphatidyl-β-d-glucoside (LysoPtdGlc), a hydrophilic glycerophospholipid, and demonstrated its role in modality-specific repulsive guidance of spinal cord sensory axons. LysoPtdGlc is locally synthesized and released by radial glia in a patterned spatial distribution to regulate the targeting of nociceptive but not proprioceptive central axon projections. Library screening identified the G protein–coupled receptor GPR55 as a high-affinity receptor for LysoPtdGlc, and GPR55 deletion or LysoPtdGlc loss of function in vivo caused the misallocation of nociceptive axons into proprioceptive zones. These findings show that LysoPtdGlc/GPR55 is a lipid-based signaling system in glia-neuron communication for neural development.
Etiología y control químico de la aceituna jabonosa causada por colletotrichum spp

El presente trabajo se planteo con el objetivo de conocer la variabilidad morfologica, cultural y patogenica de aislados de Colletotrichum procedentes de diferentes comarcas olivares, determinar el efecto de diferentes factores ambientales y del huesped sobre la infeccion de aceitunas y de plantones, caracterizar el sindrome de desecacion de ramas y la posible implicacion de toxinas del patogeno en el mismo, mejorar los metodos para la deteccion de las infecciones latentes y el aislamiento del patogeno y conocer el efecto de diversos fungicidas, tanto sobre el patogeno in vitro, como sobre la infeccion de aceitunas y de plantones de olivo. Los diferentes caracteres morfologicos y fisiologicos han demostrado que existe una amplia variabilidad entre los aislados de Colletotrichum obtenidos de olivo, por lo que no se pudo establecer una separacion clara entre ellos, si bien la forma de la conidia fue el caracter mas distintivo. Las observaciones sobre este caracter, junto con los resultados procedentes de la caracterizacion molecular de algunos aislados, permitieron identificar a la gran mayoria de los aislados de olivo como Colletotrichum acutatum. Tan solo un aislado de olivo, de los 53 estudiados, y otro de naranjo, se identificaron como C.gloeosporioides. Las inoculaciones de aceitunas separadas, pusieron de manifiesto que todos los aislados de Colletotrichum procedentes de olivo resultaron patogenicos, causando la podredumbre jabonosa caracteristica: si bien, existieron diferencias de virulencia entre ellos. Los aislados de otros huespedes (naranjo, fresa) causaron ligeras lesiones en las aceitunas, pero no reprodujeron el sindrome de la Aceituna jabonosa. Los dos aislados seleccionados, uno de C.acutatum y otro de C.gloeosporioides, mostraron un patron de crecimiento similar en el medio PDA a diferentes temperaturas. En cambio, ambos aislados difirieron respecto a la germinacion de conidias y la form
Tachykinin Receptor Assays

Described in this unit are methods for obtaining, preparing, and testing smooth muscle preparations bearing tachykinin receptors to study the agonist or antagonist properties of test compounds. Concentration‐response curves to agonists are constructed to measure their ability to produce smooth muscle contractions and thus evaluate the potency and efficacy of the agonists. Antagonists are tested for their ability to shift the agonist concentration‐response curve and to calculate their potency. Two different protocols are described for each of the three tachykinin receptors (NK1, NK2, and NK3). The NK1 receptor assays use guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus (GPI) and rat urinary bladder (RUB), the NK2 receptor assays use isolated endothelium‐deprived rabbit pulmonary artery (RPA) and hamster trachea (HT), and the NK3 receptor assays use GPI and rat portal vein (RPV). Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 48:4.10. 1‐4.10. 28. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Matching game approach for charging scheduling in vehicle-to-grid networks

This paper study a new paradigm of heterogeneous charging stations (CSs) for the excellent charging services of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in a dense urban environment. When a large number of EVs are driving on the roads, their travel demands and charging activities have significant impact on the charging management of multiple CSs including large-CSs (LCSs) and small-CSs (SCSs). The problem of charging scheduling can be formulated as a two-side Hospital/Residents (HR) matching game. In this matching game, we not only consider the economic interest of multiple CSs and charging experience of EVs but also utilize the natural advantages of SCSs to balance the traffic on the roads around LCSs. Furthermore, a two-stage scheme that is composed of distributed HR admission scheme and centralized HR reassignment scheme is proposed to reduce the computational complexity of the matching process. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithms can effectively offer the scheduling management among multiple CSs while providing good satisfaction to EV drivers.
Modeling Voltage derivative during inductive turnoff in thin SOI LIGBT

The lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) behavior differs in many aspects from the well-studied vertical IGBT. In this paper, the voltage derivative during inductive turnoff for a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) lateral IGBT (LIGBT) is analyzed in detail. A complete model which accounts for the voltage rise is implemented through an accurate calculation of the equivalent output capacitance. The model is in excellent agreement with two-dimensional simulations and experimental results across a wide range of conditions. Further, the paper shows that previously proposed models, which targeted the vertical IGBT, are not adequate for the description of the turnoff voltage rise in the LIGBT.
DETERMINATION OF BEST COMBINATION OF BIOFORTIFICATION AND HYDROPRIMING FOR YIELD AND ITS QUALITY PARAMETERS IN CHICKPEA ( Cicer arietinum L . ) SARVJEET

The present study were carried out in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, NDUAT, Faizabad during rabi season 2014-15 and 2015-16 entitled “standardization of biofortification and hydropriming for enhance seed yield and its quality parameters in chickpea (Cicer arietinum l.)” The objective of the study was assessing the comparative performance of yield and quality. The 27 treatments of bio-fertilizers and seed priming for chickpea variety (Pant G -186) were evaluated following 13 quantitative characters viz., Field emergence (%), Days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of branch/plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, harvest index (%), seed index (g), grain yield (kg/ha), biological yield, seed yield per plant (g). The treatment (Rhizobium 12g+HP 16 hr) was found best in plant height, number of branch, days to 50% flowering, number of pods plant , number of seeds pod, biological yield, harvest index, seed yield plant, seed yield kg ha, seed index and. While, (PSB10 g +HP 16hr) was found in maximum Field emergence and days to maturity. The treatment (Rhizobium 12g+HP 16 hr the best treatment for chickpea variety on the basis of seed yield and seed quality. These finding are based on six months experiment, further experiments are to substantiate for this results.