Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nursery location and potassium enrichment in Aleppo pine stock 1. Effect on nursery culture, growth, allometry and seedling quality

This work was supported by the projects 'Improvement of reforestation in the province of Valencia through the definition of seedling quality standards' (20020995) and 'Establishment of protocols for seedling quality testing in nursery and field' (20080682), directed by the Polytechnic University of Valencia and the Valencian Regional Government (Generalitat Valenciana).
Fast $L_2$-approximation of integral-type functionals of Markov processes

In this paper, we provide strong $L_2$-rates of approximation of the integral-type functionals of Markov processes by integral sums. We improve the method developed in [2]. Under assumptions on the process formulated only in terms of its transition probability density, we get the accuracy that coincides with that obtained in [3] for a one-dimensional diffusion process.
The Value Universe: Defining a Value Based Approach to Lean Construction

Value is the end-goal of all construction projects and therefore the discussion and agreement of value parameters is fundamental to the achievement of improved productivity and client/user satisfaction. The word 'value' tends to be used rather loosely in daily practice. Similarly, terms and interpretations vary within construction management literature. The aim of this paper is to put forward a number of definitions that may be used in a common language for discussing and implementing value through lean construction. Value creation and value delivery are clearly defined within a four-stage model that maps key process functions. Mapping the process provides a framework in which to highlight the differences between value-based management, value management and value engineering activities. The concept of external and internal values is also introduced. The model described is being implemented on pilot projects in Denmark, by consultants NIRAS and contractors MTHojgaard. The model is grounded in extensive practical work and underpinned by theoretical constructs.
Room-temperature transport of indirect excitons in (Al,Ga)N/GaN quantum wells

We report on the exciton propagation in polar (Al,Ga)N/GaN quantum wells over several micrometers and up to room temperature. The key ingredient to achieve this result is the crystalline quality of GaN quantum wells (QWs) grown on GaN template substrate. By comparing microphotoluminescence images of two identical QWs grown on sapphire and on GaN, we reveal the twofold role played by GaN substrate in the transport of excitons. First, the lower threading dislocation densities in such structures yield higher exciton radiative efficiency, thus limiting nonradiative losses of propagating excitons. Second, the absence of the dielectric mismatch between the substrate and the epilayer strongly limits the photon guiding effect in the plane of the structure,making exciton transport easier to distinguish from photon propagation. Our results pave the way towards room-temperature gate-controlled exciton transport in wide-bandgap polar heterostructures.
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin in Inflammatory Skin Conditions

The conserved serine/threonine kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a major regulator of survival growth, proliferation and motility, in response to mitogens, energy and nutrient levels. Dysregulation of mTOR pathway has been observed in various inflammatory or neoplastic human diseases. To assess the potential involvement of mTOR in some of the most common inflammatory skin diseases, and its interaction with other inflammatory mediators, we investigated mTOR expression in psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and atopic dermatitis (AD). mTOR gene expression was assessed in the following conditions: i) skin biopsies from 15 patients affected by psoriasis, 5 patients with ACD, 5 patients with AD and 3 patients with EGFR-inhibitor-induced skin rash; ii) in immortalized keratinocytes HaCaT, primary human keratinocytes (KCs) and full thickness skin organ cultures, incubated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL) 17A or their combination; iii) in HaCaT cells stimulated with ultraviolet (UV)B; iv) in skin biopsies from 5 psoriatic patients before and after 16 weeks of anti-TNF-α therapy; mTOR expression was also evaluated through immunohistochemistry in lesional and non-lesional skin samples from 5 psoriatic patients. Moreover, mTOR major up-stream and down-stream regulator gene expression was assessed in skin biopsies from 15 patients affected by psoriasis, 5 patients with ACD, 5 patients with AD and 3 patients with EGFR-inhibitor-induced skin rash. All analyzed skin diseases showed an increase of mTOR gene expression whereas mTOR up-stream negative regulators were reduced or not enhanced in all of them. mTOR was strongly expressed in all epidermal layers of lesional and non-lesional psoriatic skin. Conversely, pro-inflammatory conditions, in vitro, were not able to increase mTOR levels, except for UVB. Similarly, anti-TNF-α therapy was not able to reduce mTOR gene expression in patients with psoriasis. Our study provides evidence that mTOR is involved in cutaneous inflammatory process, but through a signalling not directly dependent from Th1-Th17 pathway.
Phase relations in the Cabeza de Araya cordierite monzogranite, Iberian Massif: implications for the formation of cordierite in a crystal mush

Experimental investigations and thermodynamic calculations of the phase relations of a cordierite-rich monzogranite from the Cabeza de Araya batholith (Caceres, Spain) have been performed to understand the formation of cordierite. The experiments failed to crystallize cordierite in the pressure range 200-600MPa, in the temperature range 700-975oC and for different water activities (melt water contents between 2 and 6 wt.%). In contrast, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene (absent in the natural mineral rock assemblage), together with biotite, were observed as ferromagnesian assemblage in a wide range of experimental conditions. Thermodynamic calculations, using the software PERPLE_X, describe the formation of cordierite only at 200 and 400MPa and very low water contents, and the amount of cordierite formed in the models is always below 3.5 vol.%. The results indicate that cordierite is not in equilibrium with the bulk rock compositions. The most probable explanation was that cordierite nucleated and crystallized from a melt that is not in equilibrium with part of the mineral assemblage present in the magma. This “non-reactive” mineral assemblage was mainly composed of plagioclase. The silicate melts from which cordierite crystallized was more Al-rich and K-rich than the silicate melt composition in equilibrium with the bulk composition. One possible process for the high Al content of the silicate melt is related to assimilation and partial melting of Al-rich metasediments. An exo-perictetic reaction is assumed to account for both textural and geochemical observations. On the other hand, hybridization processes typical for calc-alkaline series can also explain the high proportions of “non-reactive” minerals observed in relatively high temperature magmas. This study clearly demonstrates that silicate melts in a crystal mush can depart significantly from the composition of melt that should be in equilibrium with the bulk solid assemblage.
Response of white maize hybrids to plant densities and nitrogen fertilizer rates

Two field experiments were conducted on the Farm of Agric. Res. and Exp. Center of Fac. of Agric. Moshtohor, Benha University, Toukh Directorate, Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt, during the two successive summer growing seasons of 2016 and 2017 to study the effect of three plant population densities i.e. 20000, 24000 and 28000 plants/feddan (fed) and three nitrogen fertilizer rates, i.e. 90, 120 and 150 kg N/fed on the growth traits, yield components, yield and some kernels chemical properties of three white single cross hybrids of maize (S.C. 7071, S.C. 30K8 and S.C. 2031). The obvious results of this investigation can be summarized as follows: Increasing plant population density from 20000 to 28000 plants/fed significantly increased mean values of No. of days from planting to 50 % tasseling and silking, leaf area index, plant height (cm), ear height (cm) No. of barren plants/fed, No. of ears/fed, stover yield/fed (kg) and biological yield/fed (kg) in both seasons. On the other hand, mean values of No. of green leaves/plant, leaf area/plant (cm2), No. of plants carried two ears/fed, No. of kernels/ear, ear weight (g), shelling (%), 100-kernel weight (g), ear yield/fed (kg), grain yield/fed (kg), harvest index, nitrogen uptake/fed (kg) and protein yield/fed (kg) were significantly decreased in the two seasons. Allmost traits of maize under study were significantly increased by increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates from 90 and 120 to 150 kg N/fed except, No. of days to 50 % tasseling and silking as well as No. of barren plants/fed were significantly decreased with increasing nitrogen rates in the both seasons, nitrogen fertilizer rate of 150 gave the best mean values for all maize traits under study. White single cross hybrids of maize were significantly differed in all maize traits under study in the both seasons. Maize hybrid of S.C. 30K8 was significantly surpassed S.C. 7071 and S.C. 2031 in mean values of No. of plants carried two ears/fed, No. of ears/fed, No. of kernels/ear, grain yield/fed and harvest index as well as gave the lowest mean values of No. of barren plants/fed and the shortest period from planting to 50 % tasseling or silking in the both seasons. Moreover, S.C. 2031 surpassed the other two maize hybrids in mean values of leaf area/plant, leaf area index, ear weight, 100-kernel weight, ear yield/fed, biological yield/fed, nitrogen uptake/fed and protein yield/fed in the two seasons. Meanwhile, S.C. 7071 recorded the highest mean values of No. of green leaves/plant, plant height, ear height, shelling % and stover yield/fed in the two seasons. The first order interactions between (20000 plants/fed X 150 kg N/fed), (24000 plants/fed X S.C. 30K8), (20000 plants/fed X S.C. 2031) and (150 kg N/fed X S.C. 30K8) as well as the second order interactions between (24000 plants/fed X 150 kg N/fed X S.C. 30K8) and (20000 plants/fed X 150 kg N/fed X S.C. 2031) were significantly recorded the greatest grain yield/fed as compared with the others interactions in the both seasons.
Bidding strategy of a micro grid for the day-ahead energy and spinning reserve markets: the problem formulation

The paper is addressed to the construction of an optimally bidding for a Micro Grid (MG) that takes part to both day-ahead energy and spinning reserve markets. The work shows that the decision about the amount of power to offer, related to the expected prices and different risk tolerances, must be taken contextually through a joint approach. For that purpose, an optimization problem is formulated. In order to help the decision maker to understand the potential impact of different sub-optimal choices, the model evaluates also the risk associated with the uncertainty of variable power to offer in the both markets. The risk associated is evaluated by the expected utility theory that takes into account the attitude of individuals with regard to risk (adversion, neutrality or propensity) to make decision that minimize negative returns. The effectiveness of the proposed model is assessed through the analysis of a MG composed by traditional power plants, combined heat and power (CHP) plants, and heat production plants (boilers). The presence of storages systems is also accounted for. Moreover, it is considered that both generators and loads can take part in the reserve market and the demand participation happens through both shiftable and curtailable loads.
Old drug, new findings: colistin resistance and dependence of Acinetobacter baumannii

Colistin is an old drug, and its use has recently resurged because of increasing antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii. Although the colistin resistance rates in gram-negative bacteria are currently not high, many colistin-resistant isolates are being identified and the possibility of horizontal transmission of colistin resistance has increased because of the plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-1 (mobilized colistin resistance). In this review, we have discussed colistin resistance in A. baumannii. In addition, we have reviewed an abnormal phenomenon called colistin dependence in A. baumannii.
Qualitative Analysis of Collaborative Learning Groups in Large Enrollment Introductory Astronomy

Abstract Large-lecture introductory astronomy courses for undergraduate, non-science majors present numerous problems for faculty. As part of a systematic effort to improve the course learning environment, a series of small-group, collaborative learning activities were implemented in an otherwise conventional lecture astronomy survey course. These activities were used once each week during the regularly scheduled lecture period. After eight weeks, ten focus group interviews were conducted to qualitatively assess the impact and dynamics of these small group learning activities. Overall, the data strongly suggest that students enjoy participating in the in-class learning activities in learning teams of three to four students. These students firmly believe that they are learning more than they would from lectures alone. Inductive analysis of the transcripts revealed five major themes prevalent among the students' perspectives: (1) self-formed, cooperative group composition and formation should be more regulated by the instructor; (2) team members' assigned rolls should be less formally structured by the instructors; (3) cooperative groups helped in learning the course content; (4) time constraints on lectures and activities need to be more carefully aligned; and (5) gender issues can exist within the groups. These themes serve as a guide for instructors who are developing instructional interventions for large lecture courses.
The Development of a New Theatrical Tradition: Sighted Students Audio Describe School Play for a Blind and Low-Vision Audience

In this paper, we discuss our experience of facilitating the development, creation and execution of audio description for an elementary school production of Fiddler on the Roof by three grade eight students. The students were supervised by the production’s director, their drama teacher, and assisted by the authors. An actor with experience describing a live theatre event provided some feedback for the students. Qualitative insight is gained through a thematic analysis of the describer’s student learning journal and an interview with their drama teacher. The strengths and weaknesses of the project as perceived by the students and their drama teacher are discussed. Participant suggestions and solutions are also highlighted.
REVEALING THE LOCATION AND STRUCTURE OF THE ACCRETION DISK WIND IN PDS 456

We present evidence for the rapid variability of the high-velocity iron K-shell absorption in the nearby (z = 0.184) quasar PDS 456. From a recent long Suzaku observation in 2013 (∼1 Ms effective duration), we find that the equivalent width of iron K absorption increases by a factor of ∼5 during the observation, increasing from <105 eV within the first 100 ks of the observation, toward a maximum depth of ∼500 eV near the end. The implied outflow velocity of ∼0.25 c is consistent with that claimed from earlier (2007, 2011) Suzaku observations. The absorption varies on timescales as short as ∼1 week. We show that this variability can be equally well attributed to either (1) an increase in column density, plausibly associated with a clumpy time-variable outflow, or (2) the decreasing ionization of a smooth homogeneous outflow which is in photo-ionization equilibrium with the local photon field. The variability allows a direct measure of absorber location, which is constrained to within r = 200–3500 rg of the black hole. Even in the most conservative case, the kinetic power of the outflow is ≳ 6% of the Eddington luminosity, with a mass outflow rate in excess of ∼40% of the Eddington accretion rate. The wind momentum rate is directly equivalent to the Eddington momentum rate which suggests that the flow may have been accelerated by continuum scattering during an episode of Eddington-limited accretion.
HOUSING PRICE CHANGES , GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM AND WELFARE Ashot Tsharakyan –

This paper explores the aggregate welfare effects of housing price changes in the heterogeneous agent general equilibrium model with multi-sector production side. The model includes two types of households: credit-constrained households and unconstrained households. These types differ not only because of the presence or absence of credit constraints but also from the point of view of their time preference rates and factors of production which they own. The modeling of the production side of the economy is based on Davis and Heathcote (2005) and includes a composite good production sector housing production sector and intermediate goods production sector. Besides welfare comparisons between steady states, the welfare changes during transition between steady states are also calculated.
Regeneration in the Understory of Declining Overstory Trees Contributes to Soil Respiration Homeostasis along Succession in a Sub-Mediterranean Beech Forest

Research Highlights: Tree decline can alter soil carbon cycling, given the close relationship between primary production and the activity of roots and soil microbes. Background and Objectives: We studied how tree decline associated to old age and accelerated by land-use change and increased drought in the last decades, affects soil properties and soil respiration (Rs). Materials and Methods: We measured Rs over two years around centennial European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees representing a gradient of decline in a sub-Mediterranean forest stand, where the number of centennial beech trees has decreased by 54% in the last century. Four replicate plots were established around trees (i) with no apparent crown dieback, (ii) less than 40% crown dieback, (iii) more than 50% crown dieback, and (iv) dead. Results: Temporal variations in Rs were controlled by soil temperature (Ts) and soil water content (SWC). The increase in Rs with Ts depended on SWC. The temperature-normalized Rs exhibited a parabolic relationship with SWC, suggesting a reduced root and microbial respiration associated to drought and waterlogging. The response of Rs to SWC did not vary among tree-decline classes. However, the sensitivity of Rs to Ts was higher around vigorous trees than around those with early symptoms of decline. Spatial variations in Rs were governed by soil carbon to nitrogen ratio, which had a negative effect on Rs, and SWC during summer, when drier plots had lower Rs than wetter plots. These variations were independent of the tree vigor. The basal area of recruits, which was three times (although non-significantly) higher under declining and dead trees than under vigorous trees, had a positive effect on Rs. However, the mean Rs did not change among tree-decline classes. These results indicate that Rs and related soil physico-chemical variables are resilient to the decline and death of dominant centennial trees. Conclusions: The development of advanced regeneration as overstory beech trees decline and die contribute to the Rs homeostasis along forest succession.
Fiscal Decentralization, the Composition of Public Spending, and Regional Growth in India

In this paper, we present an analytical model for examining the growth impact of intergovernmental and intersectoral allocation of public expenditure. The model helps us quantify the role of fiscal decentralization in regional economic growth and identify whether central and local allocation of public spending among various sectors are growth-enhancing. Applying our analytical framework to a panel data set of 16 major states in India, we have found that, in many cases of our regressions, fiscal decentralization is positively, and even statistically significantly, associated with state economic growth. The state allocation of public spending in various sectors is broadly consistent with "growth-maximizing", whereas increases in the central allocation of its budget among development projects, nondevelopment projects, and social and community services by cutting the centeri¯s spending on all other functions can promote regional growth. Furthermore, the distortionary effect of the state tax in India is dominated by the productive effect of tax-financed public spending, whereas the reverse holds for the central tax.
The Domain-General Multiple Demand (MD) Network Does Not Support Core Aspects of Language Comprehension: A Large-Scale fMRI Investigation

Aside from the language-selective left-lateralized frontotemporal network, language comprehension sometimes recruits a domain-general bilateral frontoparietal network implicated in executive functions: the multiple demand (MD) network. However, the nature of the MD network's contributions to language comprehension remains debated. To illuminate the role of this network in language processing in humans, we conducted a large-scale fMRI investigation using data from 30 diverse word and sentence comprehension experiments (481 unique participants [female and male], 678 scanning sessions). In line with prior findings, the MD network was active during many language tasks. Moreover, similar to the language-selective network, which is robustly lateralized to the left hemisphere, these responses were stronger in the left-hemisphere MD regions. However, in contrast with the language-selective network, the MD network responded more strongly (1) to lists of unconnected words than to sentences, and (2) in paradigms with an explicit task compared with passive comprehension paradigms. Indeed, many passive comprehension tasks failed to elicit a response above the fixation baseline in the MD network, in contrast to strong responses in the language-selective network. Together, these results argue against a role for the MD network in core aspects of sentence comprehension, such as inhibiting irrelevant meanings or parses, keeping intermediate representations active in working memory, or predicting upcoming words or structures. These results align with recent evidence of relatively poor tracking of the linguistic signal by the MD regions during naturalistic comprehension, and instead suggest that the MD network's engagement during language processing reflects effort associated with extraneous task demands. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Domain-general executive processes, such as working memory and cognitive control, have long been implicated in language comprehension, including in neuroimaging studies that have reported activation in domain-general multiple demand (MD) regions for linguistic manipulations. However, much prior evidence has come from paradigms where language interpretation is accompanied by extraneous tasks. Using a large fMRI dataset (30 experiments/481 participants/678 sessions), we demonstrate that MD regions are engaged during language comprehension in the presence of task demands, but not during passive reading/listening, conditions that strongly activate the frontotemporal language network. These results present a fundamental challenge to proposals whereby linguistic computations, such as inhibiting irrelevant meanings, keeping representations active in working memory, or predicting upcoming elements, draw on domain-general executive resources.