Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photocontrol of Formation of Red Kidney Bean Leaf Triphosphopyridine Nucleotide Linked Triosephosphate Dehydrogenase.

The enzynmatic oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3phosphate is mediated by either DPN or TPN. The reaction involving DPN is present in both mammalian (6) and plant tissues, (11, 15) while that involving TPN (equation 1) has been found only in plant leaves 1) D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + TPN + + phosphate ? 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid + TPNH + H+ (8, 12). Hageman and Arnon (12) showed that the TPN triosephosphate dehydrogenase appeared only in leaves of seedlings that had been exposed to light. Since such exposure results in the formation of chlorophyll, it was suggested (2, 12) that the TPN enzyme was associated with photosynthesis. The present investigation was designed to ascertain the nature of the light requirement for the formation of the TPN triosephosphate dehydrogenase. The possibility was considered that, like many of the light-controlled plant processes, (3, 7, 14) radiation in the red region would be the controlling factor. Such control by the photomorphogenic reaction would result in the formation of TPN triosephosphate dehydrogenase in the absence of chlorophyll. The results to be reported support this suggestion.
Computer-Assisted Motivating Rehabilitation (CAMR) for Institutional, Home, and Educational Late Stroke Programs

Abstract Based on our results during the last 25 years, we are developing late stroke computer-assisted motivating rehabilitation (CAMR) for the upper extremity. Evidence has been accumulating that functional gains are possible even many years after the damage. However, postacute rehabilitation must be motivating and related to real-life functional activities, or it may fail to enlist active participation. With CAMR programs, such as briefly reported here, instead of exercise, the patient is engaged in a game (e.g., ping-pong); instead of concentrating on the specific movements, he/she is concentrating on the game and the movements become subconscious. Patients, even those who initially consider that they cannot accomplish the task, show interest and improvement, and functional recovery appears to be extended beyond the specific movements that are being practiced. CAMR is also suitable for late functional reorganization programs in an educational model.
GH therapy in juvenile chronic arthritis: results of a two-year controlled study on growth and bone.

Disturbance of growth frequently occurs in children suffering from juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). Recognition of growth impairment is important because reduced final height is one of the permanent consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of human GH (hGH) in growth-retarded prepubertal children with JCA. Thirty-five children were tested for GH deficiency (GHD) and randomly assigned to a study and an untreated control group; five were GH deficient and were part of the GHD group. All received glucocorticoids. The study group was treated with 1 IU/kg BW.wk hGH; the GHD group was given 0.5 IU. During 2 yr of hGH treatment growth velocity and height SD score increased compared with baseline values. There was a marked increase in growth velocity in the treated groups, but also some increase in the control group. Plasma levels of IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3 increased with GH treatment. These results suggest that hGH might be useful in the treatment of growth impairment in JCA. GH may counteract the adverse effects of glucocorticoid therapy, but its effect is dependent on the disease activity. Long-term controlled studies are needed to determine the risks and benefits of GH therapy in JCA.
Skeletal Deformity After Anterior External Fixation of the Pelvis

Objective: To study the deformity of acutely injured unstable pelves before and after emergent application of an anterior external fixator. Design: Retrospective. Setting: Large pelvic fracture referral practice. Patients: Eleven of 151 patients referred to our institution after emergent application of an external fixator by the referring orthopaedist before transfer who were hemodynamically unstable and had a mechanically unstable pelvic injury with pre-external fixator radiographs and post-external fixator radiographs adequate to determine pelvic deformity. Main Outcome Measurements: We reviewed all available radiographs both before and after placement of the external fixator (the anterior-posterior, inlet, outlet, and computed tomography), determining whether the external fixator improved or worsened the deformity. Results: Although many deformities existed, we found that application of an anterior frame consistently worsened this deformity. Seven of the 11 patients (64%) had worsening of the posterior cephalad translation or posterior diastasis despite apparent improvement anteriorly on the anterior-posterior radiograph. “External fixator deformity,” defined as increased flexion and/or internal rotation of the hemipelvis, also occurred in 8 of 11 patients (73%). After placement of the external fixator, all patients displayed greater than 1 cm of either posterior cephalad translation or posterior diastasis (average 3.4 cm, range 1.3-4.6 cm). Conclusions: Due to the forces placed on the pelvis during application of an anterior external fixator by the surgeon, an external fixator deformity may occur (flexed and internally rotated hemipelvis). Furthermore, most patients had an increase in posterior cephalad translation or posterior diastasis with placement of an external fixator. The surgeon should be aware of the potential of increasing the pelvic deformity when applying an emergent anterior external fixator.
Constructive Language in News Comments

We discuss the characteristics of constructive news comments, and present methods to identify them. First, we define the notion of constructiveness. Second, we annotate a corpus for constructiveness. Third, we explore whether available argumentation corpora can be useful to identify constructiveness in news comments. Our model trained on argumentation corpora achieves a top accuracy of 72.59% (baseline=49.44%) on our crowd-annotated test data. Finally, we examine the relation between constructiveness and toxicity. In our crowd-annotated data, 21.42% of the non-constructive comments and 17.89% of the constructive comments are toxic, suggesting that non-constructive comments are not much more toxic than constructive comments.
The GxxxG motif: a framework for transmembrane helix-helix association.

In order to identify strong transmembrane helix packing motifs, we have selected transmembrane domains exhibiting high-affinity homo-oligomerization from a randomized sequence library based on the right-handed dimerization motif of glycophorin A. Sequences were isolated using the TOXCAT system, which measures transmembrane helix-helix association in the Escherichia coli inner membrane. Strong selection was applied to a large range of sequences ( approximately 10(7) possibilities) and resulted in the identification of sequence patterns that mediate high-affinity helix-helix association. The most frequent motif isolated, GxxxG, occurs in over 80% of the isolates. Additional correlations suggest that flanking residues act in concert with the GxxxG motif, and that size complementarity is maintained at the interface, consistent with the idea that the identified sequence patterns represent packing motifs. The convergent identification of similar sequence patterns from an analysis of the transmembrane domains in the SwissProt sequence database suggests that these packing motifs are frequently utilized in naturally occurring helical membrane proteins.
Correlation of Ultrasound and Pathologic Findings in Patients With Epithelial Carcinoma of the Ovary

The findings from preoperative diagnostic ultrasound were compared with operative and pathologic findings in patients with ovarian cancer. Twenty laporatomies were diagnostic second‐look procedures and 21 were therapeutic procedures in patients with clinically evident disease. Ultrasound was more reliable in patients with clinically suspected disease, but a site by site analysis demonstrated it is insensitive for detecting prevertebral adenopathy less than 3 cm in size, thin, 1.5 cm omental plaques, 5 cm or smaller lesions involving the mesentery or bowel and peritoneal masses 2 cm or less in size. Ultrasound was most sensitive in the detection of mites. Indexing Words: Ovary Cancer Ultrasound.
The effects of PLA biodegradable and polypropylene nonwoven crop mulches on selected components of tomato grown in the field

ABSTRACT The results of two years (2010-2011) of field studies using two types of nonwoven mulches (one biodegradable, polylactic acid PLA 54 g m-2, and traditional polypropylene PP 50 g m-2) on the yield and quality of tomato are presented. Seeds of tomato (‘Mundi’ F1) were sown in a greenhouse, in containers filled with perlite and sand, and then the plants at the cotyledon stage were replanted in multipot trays filled with substrate for vegetable plants. In the last week of May, seedlings were planted on mulches in the field at a spacing of 50 × 100 cm. The mulch was maintained throughout the growing season. A plot that remained unmulched served as the control. Tomatoes were harvested once a week. The fruits were evaluated for L-ascorbic acid, dry matter, soluble sugars and nitrate content. In 2011, the analysis of the plant material showed that the concentration of L-ascorbic acid was about 23% higher in the tomato fruits harvested from plants grown on biodegradable PLA 61 g m-2 mulch in comparison to the control. A similar effect was demonstrated for the soluble sugar concentration in 2011 for both types of nonwovens.
Strength analysis of Le Fort I osteotomy fixation: titanium versus resorbable plates.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of metallic and polymeric fixation systems using a 3-dimensional skull model to simulate clinical conditions of maxillary advancement and loading. MATERIAL AND METHODS Standard titanium, prebent titanium, and resorbable plates and mesh were applied to surgically altered polyurethane skulls. The constructs were loaded using an Instron machine (Instron Inc, Canton, MA) in anterior-posterior (AP) and inferior-superior (IS) directions. The load displacement, load to failure, and deformation magnitudes and modes of failure were recorded. Statistical studies included analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P <. 05. RESULTS Elastic stiffness was different among groups in the AP direction, but no significant difference was found in the IS direction. The IS loading direction load displacement (stiffness) was significantly greater than that on AP loading. The maximum load for permanent deformation was larger in the AP direction, while the maximum load for breaking was larger in the IS direction. CONCLUSION The overall evaluation of the model and test analyses supported the relative value of this in vitro system and study procedure. All systems showed load capacity magnitudes above 285 N (64 lbs) and more elastic resistance in the IS direction. The resorbable systems showed lower elastic stiffness compared with the titanium systems, but they appear to be adequate for fixation and withstanding the forces of mastication.
Blockade of protease‐activated receptors on T cells correlates with altered proteolysis of CD27 by gingipains of Porphyromonas gingivalis

Cysteine proteinases, termed gingipains, of Porphyromonas gingivalis are able to inactivate a broad range of host proteins involved in cellular responses and have been implicated as key virulence factors in the onset and progression of adult periodontitis. In the present study, the high molecular weight Arg‐gingipain, RgpA, produced a time‐ and concentration‐dependent hydrolysis of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α receptor family member CD27 on resting T cells. As a consequence of CD27 degradation, a reduction in CD27‐ligation dependent co‐stimulatory CD40L expression was observed. Concomitantly, RgpA activated the protease‐activated receptors (PAR)‐1, PAR‐2 and PAR‐4 and induced CD69 and CD25 expression on T cells, thereby demonstrating T cell activation. The Lys‐gingipain Kgp demonstrated a low capacity to degrade CD27 but the ability to affect CD27 expression and biological activity was increased when T cells were pretreated with blocking peptide against PAR‐2. CD70, the ligand for CD27 induced on activated B cells, was significantly reduced by RgpA treatment and weakly affected by Kgp. These findings suggest that while RgpA can activate T cells through PARs, the parallel action of direct hydrolysis of membrane CD27 as well as CD70 indicates a potential down‐regulatory effect through inhibition of CD27/CD70‐mediated cell activation in periodontitis.
Single-day, patient-initiated famciclovir therapy versus 3-day valacyclovir regimen for recurrent genital herpes: a randomized, double-blind, comparative trial.

BACKGROUND Recurrent genital herpes is a major problem for patients worldwide. Early episodic treatment with short-course therapy is effective, often stopping progression of outbreaks. This study is the first head-to-head comparison of single-day famciclovir (1000 mg administered twice daily) versus 3-day valacyclovir (500 mg administered twice daily) for episodic therapy in immunocompetent patients. METHODS In this multicenter, multinational, double-blind, parallel-group study, 1179 adults with a history of recurrent genital herpes were randomized 1:1 to receive either famciclovir or valacyclovir. Patients initiated treatment within 6 h after a recurrence. The primary objective was to establish noninferiority of single-day famciclovir, compared with a 3-day course of valacyclovir, in time to healing of all nonaborted lesions in a modified intent-to-treat population. RESULTS This study established that single-day famciclovir therapy was noninferior to 3-day valacyclovir therapy in reducing time to healing of all nonaborted genital herpes lesions (median time to healing, 4.25 days vs. 4.08 days). Approximately one-third of patients in each treatment group had aborted genital herpes episodes, suggesting that both treatments have similar efficacy in preventing outbreaks or progression of lesions beyond the papule stage. There was no significant difference in time to resolution of symptoms associated with recurrence. The overall incidence of adverse events was similar (23.2% for the famciclovir group vs. 22.3% for the valacyclovir group), with headache, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain reported most often. CONCLUSIONS Single-day famciclovir (1000 mg administered twice daily) was similar to 3-day valacyclovir (500 mg administered twice daily) in both efficacy and safety, representing a more convenient treatment for immunocompetent adults with recurrent genital herpes.
Headache from the Doctors' Perspective

Background: General practitioners (GPs) and neurologists are involved in treating headache patients in Portugal. Having migraine themselves might influence the way they perceive and treat migraine patients. Objective: To identify clinicians' perceptions about migraine, their own headache status and management of their own migraine. Methods: An observational cross-sectional survey of GPs and neurologists using anonymous questionnaires including demographic data, headache and migraine status and migraine perception questions. Results: Of 348 respondent physicians, 20% were neurologists and 53% were females with an average age of 48 years. The majority had an interest in migraine and considered it disabling (93%), although 65-85% reported management difficulties, GPs more often than neurologists. Satisfaction with current treatment options was high (69-79%). 63 physicians suffered from migraine and 81% felt it influenced their perception of the disease. Portuguese physicians preferentially treat their own migraines with NSAIDs (33%), analgesics (29%) and triptans (20%). Conclusion: Portuguese physicians treating migraine patients have realistic perceptions about the disease and those with migraine feel their perception is influenced by their experience. Although reporting management difficulties, the majority of physicians are satisfied with current treatment options for migraine.
Chimeric L‐type Ca2+ channels expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes reveal role of repeats III and IV in activation gating.

1. Chimeric alpha 1 subunits consisting of repeat I and II from the rabbit cardiac (alpha 1C‐a) and repeat III and IV from the carp skeletal muscle Ca2+ channel (alpha 1S) were constructed and expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes without co‐expressing other channel subunits. Ba2+‐current kinetics of five chimeric channel constructs were studied in Xenopus oocytes using the two‐microelectrode technique. 2. Exchange of repeats III and IV of alpha 1C‐a with sequences of alpha 1S results in a significantly slower and biexponential activation (apparent activation time constants tau 1act = 19.8 +/‐ 1.8 ms and tau 2act = 214 +/‐ 28.7 ms, n = 7) of expressed Ca2+ channel currents; no current inactivation was observable during an 800 ms test pulse to 0 mV. 3. Activation of a chimera consisting of repeats I, II and IV from the alpha 1C‐a subunit and repeat III from alpha 1S was fast and monoexponential (tau 1act = 6.33 +/‐ 1.7 ms, n = 5) and the current inactivated during a 350 ms test pulse to 0 mV (tau inact = 175 +/‐ 22 ms, n = 5). The current kinetics of this construct did not significantly differ from kinetics of a construct consisting of repeats I to IV from alpha 1C‐a (tau 1act = 6.6 +/‐ 2.1 ms; tau inact = 198 +/‐ 14 ms; n = 9). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Propensity Score‐Based Methods in Comparative Effectiveness Research on Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract This review examines the conduct and reporting of observational studies using propensity score‐based methods to compare coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or medical therapy for patients with coronary artery disease. A systematic selection process identified 48 studies: 20 addressing CABG versus PCI; 21 addressing bare‐metal stents versus drug‐eluting stents; 5 addressing CABG versus medical therapy; 1 addressing PCI versus medical therapy; and 1 addressing drug‐eluting stents versus balloon angioplasty. Of 32 studies reporting information on variable selection, 7 relied exclusively on statistical criteria for the association of covariates with treatment, and 5 used such criteria to determine whether product or nonlinear terms should be included in the propensity score model. Twenty‐five (52%) studies reported assessing covariate balance using the estimated propensity score, but only 1 described modifications to the propensity score model based on this assessment. The over 400 variables used in the 48 propensity score models were classified into 12 categories and 60 subcategories; only 17 subcategories were represented in at least half of the propensity score models. Overall, reporting of propensity score‐based methods in observational studies comparing CABG, PCI, and medical therapy was incomplete; when adequately described, the methods used were often inconsistent with current methodological standards.
L’approche « réseaux » dans les études migratoires. Un cas d’étude les trajectoires scolaires des étudiants maliens en France et au Maroc

Introduction Les approches explicatives des migrations peuvent etre regroupees en trois grandes categories qui correspondent aux trois principales echelles d’analyse. La perspective micro-individuelle, d’inspiration neoclassique, postule la rationalite du migrant, percu comme acteur de son deplacement qui resulte d’un calcul en termes de couts-avantages (Sjaastad, 1962 ; Lee, 1966). La deuxieme categorie d’analyse est l’approche systemique des migrations, ces dernieres sont alors analysees a.
Protein design: a perspective from simple tractable models.

We review the recent progress in computational approaches to protein design which builds on advances in statistical-mechanical protein folding theory. In particular, we evaluate the degeneracy of the protein code (i.e. how many sequences fold into a given conformation) and outline a simple condition for ''designability`` in a protein model. From this point of view we discuss several popular protein models that were used for sequence design by several authors. We evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of popular approaches based on stochastic optimization in sequence space and discuss possible ways to improve them to bring them closer to experiment. We also discuss how sequence design affects folding and point out to some features of proteins that can be deigned ''in'' or designed ''out''}
Environmental Attitude as a Mediator of the Relationship between Psychological Restoration in Nature and Self-Reported Ecological Behavior

Environmental attitude and ecological behavior were investigated in relation to the use of nature for psychological restoration. Specifically, with survey data from 468 German university students, the role of environmental attitude was investigated as a mediator of the restoration-behavior relationship. Assuming that positive experiences in nature can have a broad influence on environmental attitudes, the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale, an attitudinal measure with broad scope, was adopted. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated partial mediation by environmental concern. The study helps to consolidate the restoration theme in the growing literature on positive motivations for ecological behavior.
The Effect of a Nitric Oxide Inhibitor (L-Name) on Peritoneal Transport during Dialysis in Rats

Objective To assess the effect of an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis [NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)] on peritoneal transport during peritoneal dialysis (PD) and peritonitis in rats. Methods The authors studied peritoneal transport of small and large solutes, and net ultrafiltration (UF) in rats during PD with Dianeal 3.86 (Baxter, McGaw Park, IL, U.S.A.). They evaluated the effect of L-NAME used as an additive to dialysis fluid in concentrations 0.5 -5 mg/m L on peritoneal transport of small and large molecules and on transperitoneal UF. In addition, they studied the effect of L-NAME (5 mg/mL) during acute peritonitis induced by lipopolysaccharides (5 μg/mL) given intraperitoneally. Results The addition of L-NAME to dialysis fluid increased the selectivity of the peritoneum and net UF during dialysis. Lipopolysaccharides used as an additive to the dialysis fluid, together with L-NAME, did not induce changes in transperitoneal transport of small and large solutes and did not cause a significant decline in net UF. L-NAME given intraperitoneally reduced both local and systemic production of nitric oxide, which might explain its effects on peritoneal transport. Conclusions Nitric oxide is an important mediator of changes in peritoneal transport and its effect is especially significant during peritonitis.