Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In the presence of conflicting gaze cues, fearful expression and eye-size guide attention

ABSTRACT Humans are social beings that often interact in multi-individual environments. As such, we are frequently confronted with nonverbal social signals, including eye-gaze direction, from multiple individuals. Yet, the factors that allow for the prioritisation of certain gaze cues over others are poorly understood. Using a modified conflicting gaze paradigm, we tested the hypothesis that fearful gaze would be favoured amongst competing gaze cues. We further hypothesised that this effect is related to the increased sclera exposure, which is characteristic of fearful expressions. Across three experiments, we found that fearful, but not happy, gaze guides observers’ attention over competing non-emotional gaze. The guidance of attention by fearful gaze appears to be linked to increased sclera exposure. However, differences in sclera exposure do not prioritise competing gazes of other types. Thus, fearful gaze guides attention among competing cues and this effect is facilitated by increased sclera exposure – but increased sclera exposure per se does not guide attention. The prioritisation of fearful gaze over non-emotional gaze likely represents an adaptive means of selectively attending to survival-relevant spatial locations.
Relationship Between Timing of Peak Height Velocity and Pubertal Staging in Boys and Girls

Growth and pubertal development are important health markers. We used the data of a longitudinal growth study on a contemporary sample of US youth to examine the relationship between peak height velocity (PHV) and Tanner staging. We observed a substantial variability in the timing of PHV across Tanner stages, which is an important consideration for clinicians when assessing growth.
Negative priming is stronger for task-relevant dimensions: Evidence of flexibility in the selective ignoring of distractor information

The finding that in selective attention tasks responses to previously ignored stimuli are usually retarded is known as negative priming (NP). In previous studies it has been suggested that NP can depend on behavioural goals—that is, NP was observed only for task-relevant object dimensions. We extend these findings with two experiments demonstrating that stronger NP can be observed for task-relevant dimensions than for task-irrelevant dimensions (a) even if participants' tasks vary blockwise within an experiment and (b) if behavioural goals vary from trial to trial. These results suggest that selective NP is a much more flexible process than previously assumed.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy patient specific quality assurance using a two-dimensional array at extended source to surface distance.

METHODS Five patients with 38 fields have been analyzed in this study. The plans were optimized for the following clinical sites: one liver, one lung, one brain, one prostate and one spine. The detector array used for the measurements was the PTW Seven29 array. All the plans were optimized and calculated using Eclipse v8.9. The center of the array was setup at 215 cm from the source and all the fields were measured and analyzed one by one. All the 30 measurements were performed on a NovalisTX linear accelerator equipped with a high definition multileaf collimator. The evaluation was based mainly on gamma index passing rates using 2 mm distance to agreement (DTA) and 2% dose difference. RESULTS The accuracy of the Eclipse Treatment Planning System (TPS) at extended Source to Surface Distances (SSDs) using an ionization chamber was measured to be within 1.0%. All the field measurements were performed and analyzed 35 individually. The percent of the points that had a gamma index of less than 1 using 3%/3 mm was >99% for all the measurements. In order to better evaluate our process and distinguish smaller differences a new set of results was obtained by applying gamma index tolerances of 2%/2mm. In this case, the gamma index passing rates ranged from 90.8 to 100% (95.5%±3%). The profile comparison showed that the detector array measurements followed closely the calculated 40 profiles, even for fields optimized with multiple peaks and valleys. CONCLUSION The choice of the IMRT QA device has an important role in the results of the patient specific QA of the delivered dose to the patient in the case of small targets as in the treatment of spinal targets. In this study, we demonstrated that an extended SSD measurement can improve the sampling resolution of a two-dimensional (2D) detector array, in our case the PTW 45 Seven29 array. This method was shown to be accurate and efficient for measuring highly modulated small fields for pre-treatment patient specific QA.
Atypical fibroxanthoma of the eyelid and cheek.

Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a fibrohistiocytic tumor that usually occurs in actinically damaged facial skin of the elderly. The tumor is histologically indistinguishable from pleomorphic forms of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. In contrast to malignant fibrous histiocytoma, which occurs in the deep soft tissues and requires radical surgery, AFX originates in the dermis and responds well to localized excision.1,2Distinguishing this tumor from squamous cell carcinoma may be difficult. We describe a patient with AFX involving the eyelid and cheek to illustrate the clinical and histologic similarities to spindle cell, squamous cell carcinoma. Report of a Case. —We treated an 82-year-old man with a 3-cm lesion that developed during a 6-week period in the right lower eyelid and cheek region (Fig 1). The temporal portion of the right lower lid demonstrated ectropion, exposure conjunctivitis, and eyelash loss. Preauricular and cervical lymphadenopathy was absent. The presumed diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma
Evidence for preferential transfer of prostaglandin F2alpha to the ovarian artery following intrauterine administration in cattle.

The effect of sectioning the broad ligament ipsilateral to the corpus luteum on estrous cycle length was evaluated. This surgical procedure ioIated the region of proposed transfer of the uterine luteolytic factor from uterine venous input. The estrous cycles of four of five animals were prolonged to at least 30 days, as judged by plasma progesterone concen- trations and the presence of marked corpora lutea at laparotomy on Day 30. In a second experiment, one of the branches of the ovarian artery was cannulated in the hilus of the ovary in five dairy cows, and 6 mg of prostaglandin Fr,, (PGF�.) was injected into thc lumen of the uterine horn ipsilateral to the cannula on Days 12 or 13 of the cycle. Frequent samples were collected simultaneously from the ovarian artery, carotid artery, and jugular vein. The concentration of prostaglandins of the F series (PCF) was observed to increase rapidly at all three sampling sites following administration of PCF,,,. While the concentra- tion was highest in the carotid and jugular within 5 mm of treatment, the concentration of PGF continued to increase in the ovarian artery to reach a peak 40 mm after treatment and remained at levels significantly greater (p <0.05) than jugular or carotid levels for 80 mm. These data are consistent with the hypothesis of preferential transfer of a uterine luteolytic factor from the uterus to the ovarian artery. Intrauterine administration of 6 mg of PCFwas luteolytic, as judged by a fall in plasma progesterone concentrations and a mean corpus luteum weight of 1.83 ± 0.22 g upon termination of the experiment 72 h after treatment. Peripheral plasma estrone and estradiol-17p levels were observed to increase to a peak 9 h after treatment, after which a slight increase in the mean plasma LH concentration occurred. Ovulation had occurred in four of five animals by 72 h after treatment, although LH peaks of the usual preovulatory magnitude were not observed to precede ovulation in all animals.
Ultrastructural organization and regulation of a biomaterial adhesin of Staphylococcus epidermidis

Coagulase-negative staphylococci have emerged as important pathogens in infections associated with intravascular devices. Microbial adherence to biomaterial surfaces is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of these infections. Staphylococcal surface proteins (herein referred to as SSP-1 and SSP-2) are involved in the attachment of Staphylococcus epidermidis 354 to polystyrene. In the present study we show that the adhesin protrudes from the cell surface as a fimbria-like polymer. Furthermore, in vitro proteolytic cleavage of SSP-1 produces an SSP-2-like protein which coincides with a loss of adhesive function. SSP-1 expression is down-regulated in a phenotypical variant of S. epidermidis 354 whereas SSP-2 expression is not. These results could suggest that proteolytic cleavage is a key to the regulation of the adhesive state of S. epidermidis in vivo.
Health Insurance and Early Retirement Plans: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act

Understanding how individuals make retirement plans is key to designing effective policy. In particular, access to affordable insurance during retirement can play an important role in the labor supply decisions of older adults. In this study, I examine the impact of the 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) on the retirement plans of older adults. The ACA includes several provisions that significantly increase access to affordable insurance not tied to employment. I find that the ACA decreased the subjective probability of working past age 62 by 5.6 percentage points, representing a 9.9 percent decline, among persons without employer-sponsored retiree coverage relative to persons with employer-sponsored benefits. On average, individuals expect to retire about 3.6 to 7.2 months earlier because of the ACA.
Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer in a Sample Comprising Three Generations of Brazilian Women

Background: Cervical cancer is the main cause of cancer deaths in some developing countries. Age-related cervical cancer incidence has been fundamental for understanding the different stages of carcinogenesis concepts. No Brazilian study explored the environmental risk factors involved on cervical cancer, according to age groups taking 70’s sexual revolution in Brazil as reference. Aim: To determine the prevalence of epidemiological and clinical aspects related to cervical cancer development in a sample of three age groups of Brazilian women based on 70’s sexual revolution. Methods: A cross-section study was proceeded in a hospital-based cohort of women with altered Pap-test refereed to the National Cancer Institute for Colposcopy and treatment from October 2004 to May 2006. Two register nurses interviewed all patients ascertaining risk factors and clinical characteristics. Biopsy, partial ablation were used for CIN-1, and conization was the treatment for CIN-2/3. Results: From 318 women included in the study, 42.8% were 18 - 30 years old (born after 1975), 43.4% were 31 - 49 years old (born 1955-1975), and 13.8% were 50 - 68 years old (born 1936-1954). Pregnancies (OR = 1.16; CI95%: 1.01 - 1.34) and menarche under 12 years old (OR = 1.95; CI95%: 1.17 - 3.25) were independently associated to CIN2- 3/cancer in 18 - 30 age group; menopause age (OR = 1.21; CI95%: 1.04 - 1.41) and current smoking habit (OR = 1.37; CI95%: 1.10 - 1.70) were associated to CIN2- 3/cancer in 31 - 49 age group; no statistical significance was observed for 50 - 68 age group. Conclusion: Brazilian women present distinct risk for cervical cancer according to the generation they belong, when taking the Brazilian sexual revolution on 70’s as a reference.
Hemorrhage associated with major pelvic fracture: a multispecialty challenge.

Definitive treatment of life-threatening hemorrhage associated with blunt pelvic fracture remains controversial. To elucidate this issue, we reviewed 538 consecutive patients admitted with acute pelvic fracture during a 5-year period. Injury mechanism was motor vehicular in 214 (40%), falls in 152 (28%), auto-pedestrian in 92 (17%), motorcycle in 46 (9%), crush in 26 (5%), and assault or skiing in eight (1%). Ninety-two (17%) of these patients required greater than 6 units of blood transfusion during the first postinjury day, and are the primary focus of this report. Twenty-five patients (28%) had unilateral anterior (Group I, n = 20) or posterior (Group II, n = 5) fractures. The remaining 67 patients (72%) had anterior and posterior element involvement on the same side (Group II, n = 38), bilaterally (Group IV, n = 14), or open perineal wounds (Group V, n = 15). The PASG was applied in 47 patients (51%), and controlled hemorrhage in 12 (71%) of the 17 in whom it was used alone to tamponade pelvic bleeding. Peritoneal lavage was performed in 73 patients (79%). Initial aspirate yielded gross blood in 32 patients; 27 (84%) of these required urgent laparotomy. External skeletal fixation was applied in 19 patients; bleeding was controlled in 18 (95%). Pelvic angiography identified active hemorrhage in three patients and selective embolization was successful in two. Sixty-eight (74%) of the high-risk patients survived. Thirteen (54%) of the 24 deaths were attributable to the pelvic trauma, ten were due to recalcitrant bleeding, and three to delayed sepsis. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sterol Esterification in Yeast: A Two-Gene Process

Unesterified sterol modulates the function of eukaryotic membranes. In human cells, sterol is esterified to a storage form by acyl-coenzyme A (CoA): cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT). Here, two genes are identified, ARE1 and ARE2, that encode ACAT-related enzymes in yeast. The yeast enzymes are 49 percent identical to each other and exhibit 23 percent identity to human ACAT. Deletion of ARE2 reduced sterol ester levels to approximately 25 percent of normal levels, whereas disruption of ARE1 did not affect sterol ester biosynthesis. Deletion of both genes resulted in a viable cell with undetectable esterified sterol. Measurements of [14C]acetate incorporation into saponified lipids indicated down-regulation of sterol biosynthesis in the are1 are2 mutant cells. With the use of a consensus sequence to the yeast and human genes, an additional member of the ACAT gene family was identified in humans.
Prostate Abscess : Prompt Definitive Treatment by Transurethral Unroofing

A 50-year-old man undergoing repeat induction chemotherapy for refractory AML had his course complicated by febrile neutropenia. He was diagnosed with a disseminated pseudomonas infection involving the lung and skin. Due to persistent fevers despite antibiotic treatment, computed tomography (CT) imaging was performed which demonstrated a 2cm prostate abscess. This was managed by transurethral unroofing of the abscess in order to eradicate his infection in the most timely manner. The patient recovered well and resumed his chemotherapy regimen two weeks following treatment. Michael T Grant*, Seth K Bechis and Michael L Blute Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
Differences in spatial and temporal frequency interactions between central and peripheral parts of the feline area 18

The visual system demonstrates significant differences in information processing abilities between the central and peripheral parts of the visual field. Optical imaging based on intrinsic signals was used to investigate the difference in stimulus spatial and temporal frequency interactions related to receptive field eccentricity in the cat area 18. Changing either the spatial or the temporal frequency of grating stimuli had a significant impact on responses in the cortical areas corresponding to the centre of the visual field and more peripheral parts at 10 degrees eccentricity. The cortical region corresponding to the centre of the gaze was tuned to 0.4 cycles per degree (c/deg) for spatial frequency and 2 Hz for temporal frequency. In contrast, the cortical region corresponding to the periphery of the visual field was tuned to a lower spatial frequency of 0.15 c/deg and a higher temporal frequency of 4 Hz. Interestingly, when we simultaneously changed both the spatial frequency and the temporal frequency of the grating stimuli, the responses were significantly different from those estimated with an assumption of independence between the spatial and temporal frequency in the cortical region corresponding to the periphery of the visual field. However, in the cortical area corresponding to the centre of the gaze, spatial frequency showed significant independence from temporal frequency. These properties support the notion of relative specialization of visual information processing for peripheral representations in cortical areas.
Identification of 1‐(2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐5‐yl)‐2‐(ethylamino)pentan‐1‐one (bk‐IVP) in a Seized Drug Exhibit

To circumvent the law by evading regulation and obscuring their identities in routine analyses, numerous substituted cathinones have entered the illicit drug market. These compounds have been coined “bath salts” by users. In the described case, the laboratory received an unknown white powder for controlled substances identification. The sample could not be immediately identified using standard methods and procedures. Ultimately, the structure was elucidated using GC‐MS, NMR, FTIR, GC‐SPIR, UV, and color tests to be 1‐(2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐5‐yl)‐2‐(ethylamino)pentan‐1‐one (bk‐IVP), a cathinone analog with a rarely observed nonoxygenated bicyclic ring system. Features of spectra and chemical tests are reported that distinguish this class of cathinones from heterocyclic analogs.
Characterization of angiotensin I-converting enzyme N-domain selectivity using positional-scanning combinatorial libraries of fluorescence resonance energy transfer peptides

Abstract Somatic angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) has two homologous active sites (N and C domains) that show differences in various biochemical properties. In a previous study, we described the use of positional-scanning synthetic combinatorial (PS-SC) libraries of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) peptides to define the ACE C-domain versus N-domain substrate specificity and developed selective substrates for the C-domain (Bersanetti et al., 2004). In the present work, we used the results from the PS-SC libraries to define the N-domain preferences and designed selective substrates for this domain. The peptide Abz-GDDVAK(Dnp)-OH presented the most favorable residues for N-domain selectivity in the P3 to P1′ positions. The fluorogenic analog Abz-DVAK(Dnp)-OH (Abz=ortho-aminobenzoic acid; Dnp=2,4-dinitrophenyl) showed the highest selectivity for ACE N-domain (kcat/Km=1.76 μm-1·s-1). Systematic reduction of the peptide length resulted in a tripeptide that was preferentially hydrolyzed by the C-domain. The binding of Abz-DVAK(Dnp)-OH to the active site of ACE N-domain was examined using a combination of conformational analysis and molecular docking. Our results indicated that the binding energies for the N-domain-substrate complexes were lower than those for the C-domain-substrate, suggesting that the former complexes are more stable.
Vasopressin in the lateral septum promotes elemental conditioning to the detriment of contextual fear conditioning in mice

Previous experiments using a classical fear conditioning paradigm have provided evidence that the processing of contextual conditional stimuli (CSs) by the hippocampus would be controlled by the amygdala through a modulation of hippocampal‐lateral septal (H‐LS) excitability. More specifically, our suggestion was that vasopressin release into the LS would occur in an elemental conditioning case [pairing CS–US (unconditional stimulus) procedure] and would result in less hippocampal‐dependent contextual stimuli processing (i.e. overshadowing of CSs by the simple CS). Conversely, when an unpairing CS–US procedure is used, this would result in more contextual stimuli processing through a decrease in vasopressin release into the LS. The aim of the present experiment was to test this hypothesis using intraseptal injection of vasopressin or its V1/V2 antagonist. In agreement with this hypothesis, results suggest that vasopressin release into the LS would constitute a device by which priority is given to the more salient simple stimulus to the detriment of contextual information.
Genome-wide association study of circulating vitamin D-binding protein.

BACKGROUND Vitamin D status may influence a spectrum of health outcomes, including osteoporosis, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) is the primary carrier of vitamin D in the circulation and regulates the bioavailability of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Epidemiologic studies have shown direct DBP-risk relations and modification by DBP of vitamin D-disease associations. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize common genetic variants that influence the DBP biochemical phenotype. DESIGN We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 1380 men through linear regression of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Illumina HumanHap500/550/610 array on fasting serum DBP, assuming an additive genetic model, with adjustment for age at blood collection. RESULTS We identified 2 independent SNPs located in the gene encoding DBP, GC, that were highly associated with serum DBP: rs7041 (P = 1.42 × 10⁻²⁴⁶) and rs705117 (P = 4.7 × 10⁻⁹¹). For both SNPs, mean serum DBP decreased with increasing copies of the minor allele: mean DBP concentrations (nmol/L) were 7335, 5149, and 3152 for 0, 1, and 2 copies of rs7041 (T), respectively, and 6339, 4280, and 2341, respectively, for rs705117 (G). DBP was also associated with rs12144344 (P = 5.9 × 10⁻⁷) in ST6GALNAC3. CONCLUSIONS In this GWAS analysis, to our knowledge the first to examine this biochemical phenotype, 2 variants in GC--one exonic and one intronic--were associated with serum DBP concentrations at the genome-wide level of significance. Understanding the genetic contributions to circulating DBP may provide greater insights into the vitamin D binding, transport, and other functions of DBP and the effect of vitamin D status on health outcomes.
Optimizing the Surgical Management of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures

Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures are a group of fractures that can significantly alter the structure, function, and appearance of the midface, including the globe. Like other facial fractures, the optimal management of operative ZMC fractures requires anatomic reduction of all fractures followed by rigid internal fixation. However, surgical treatment of these fractures can be quite challenging with the potential for high rates of complications. The goal of this article is to provide an overview of ZMC fractures and discuss treatment options, with an emphasis on providing surgical pearls to optimize outcomes.
SHV-14, a Novel β-Lactamase Variant inKlebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Nijmegen, The Netherlands

ABSTRACT Four ceftazidime-resistant isolates of a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain were collected from intensive care unit patients in Nijmegen, The Netherlands. These isolates had TEM-29 and SHV-14 β-lactamases. SHV-14 is a novel variant, with two substitutions compared with the sequence of SHV-1: Ile8Phe and Arg43Ser. Its gene also had a silent C→T mutation at nucleotide 481. The SHV-14 enzyme had slightly higher Vmaxrates than SHV-1 for oxyimino-aminothiazolyl cephalosporins, but this activity was insufficient for the enzyme to count as an extended-spectrum β-lactamase.