Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Near-Field Gaussian Plume Inversion Flux Quantification Method, Applied to Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Sampling

The accurate quantification of methane emissions from point sources is required to better quantify emissions for sector-specific reporting and inventory validation. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) serves as a platform to sample plumes near to source. This paper describes a near-field Gaussian plume inversion (NGI) flux technique, adapted for downwind sampling of turbulent plumes, by fitting a plume model to measured flux density in three spatial dimensions. The method was refined and tested using sample data acquired from eight UAV flights, which measured a controlled release of methane gas. Sampling was conducted to a maximum height of 31 m (i.e. above the maximum height of the emission plumes). The method applies a flux inversion to plumes sampled near point sources. To test the method, a series of random walk sampling simulations were used to derive an NGI upper uncertainty bound by quantifying systematic flux bias due to a limited spatial sampling extent typical for short-duration small UAV flights (less than 30 min). The development of the NGI method enables its future use to quantify methane emissions for point sources, facilitating future assessments of emissions from specific source-types and source areas. This allows for atmospheric measurement-based fluxes to be derived using downwind UAV sampling for relatively rapid flux analysis, without the need for access to difficult-to-reach areas.
Shear stress-driven flow: the state space of near-wall turbulence as $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}\rightarrow \infty$

An inner-scaled, shear stress-driven flow is considered as a model of independent near-wall turbulence as the friction Reynolds number $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}\rightarrow \infty$ . In this limit, the model is applicable to the near-wall region and the lower part of the logarithmic layer of various parallel shear flows, including turbulent Couette flow, Poiseuille flow and Hagen–Poiseuille flow. The model is validated against damped Couette flow and there is excellent agreement between the velocity statistics and spectra for the wall-normal height $y^{+}<40$ . A near-wall flow domain of similar size to the minimal unit is analysed from a dynamical systems perspective. The edge and fifteen invariant solutions are computed, the first discovered for this flow configuration. Through continuation in the spanwise width $L_{z}^{+}$ , the bifurcation behaviour of the solutions over the domain size is investigated. The physical properties of the solutions are explored through phase portraits, including the energy input and dissipation plane, and streak, roll and wave energy space. Finally, a Reynolds number is defined in outer units and the high- $Re$ asymptotic behaviour of the equilibria is studied. Three lower branch solutions are found to scale consistently with vortex–wave interaction (VWI) theory, with wave forcing localising around the critical layer.
Hanbury Brown and Twiss, Hong Ou and Mandel effects and other landmarks in quantum optics: from photons to atoms

The second quantum revolution is based on the concept of entanglement and the ability to observe and manipulate individual quantum objects. This notion was prompted by celebrated quantum optics landmark experiments. The author’s group has endeavored to revisit these experiments with atoms instead of photons, more precisely metastable helium atoms (He*), which can be detected one by one, as photons. The first landmark that announced the beginning of modern quantum optics was the Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect: it has been studied not only with 4He* atoms, which are bosons, but also with 3He* atoms, which are fermions. The group has then observed the atomic Hong Ou and Mandel effect, and, more recently, shown the possibility to use a slightly generalized scheme to test Bell’s inequalities with atoms entangled in momentum.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Preferensi Penggunaan E-money di Kota Malang Ramandhika Surya Pradana

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memperngaruhi preferensi penggunaan e-money di Kota Malang. Penggunaan internet yang masif dan alat pembayaran non tunai di Kota Malang tidak seiring dengan peningkatan literasi keuangan studi tentang e-money dilakukan untuk mengetahui apa saja faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap prefrensi penggunaan e-money. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dengan metode pengumpulan angket. Analisis data menggunakan analisis faktor dan model regresi liner berganda. Hasil meunjukan bahwa variabel literasi keuangan dan efisiensi sistem pembayaran berpengaruh terhadap preferensi penggunaan e-money di Kota Malang. Kata kunci: E-Money, Literasi Keuangan, Efisiensi Sistem Pembayaran
Entropy and the Tolman Parameter in Nucleation Theory

Thermodynamic aspects of the theory of nucleation are commonly considered employing Gibbs’ theory of interfacial phenomena and its generalizations. Utilizing Gibbs’ theory, the bulk parameters of the critical clusters governing nucleation can be uniquely determined for any metastable state of the ambient phase. As a rule, they turn out in such treatment to be widely similar to the properties of the newly-evolving macroscopic phases. Consequently, the major tool to resolve problems concerning the accuracy of theoretical predictions of nucleation rates and related characteristics of the nucleation process consists of an approach with the introduction of the size or curvature dependence of the surface tension. In the description of crystallization, this quantity has been expressed frequently via changes of entropy (or enthalpy) in crystallization, i.e., via the latent heat of melting or crystallization. Such a correlation between the capillarity phenomena and entropy changes was originally advanced by Stefan considering condensation and evaporation. It is known in the application to crystal nucleation as the Skapski–Turnbull relation. This relation, by mentioned reasons more correctly denoted as the Stefan–Skapski–Turnbull rule, was expanded by some of us quite recently to the description of the surface tension not only for phase equilibrium at planar interfaces, but to the description of the surface tension of critical clusters and its size or curvature dependence. This dependence is frequently expressed by a relation derived by Tolman. As shown by us, the Tolman equation can be employed for the description of the surface tension not only for condensation and boiling in one-component systems caused by variations of pressure (analyzed by Gibbs and Tolman), but generally also for phase formation caused by variations of temperature. Beyond this particular application, it can be utilized for multi-component systems provided the composition of the ambient phase is kept constant and variations of either pressure or temperature do not result in variations of the composition of the critical clusters. The latter requirement is one of the basic assumptions of classical nucleation theory. For this reason, it is only natural to use it also for the specification of the size dependence of the surface tension. Our method, relying on the Stefan–Skapski–Turnbull rule, allows one to determine the dependence of the surface tension on pressure and temperature or, alternatively, the Tolman parameter in his equation. In the present paper, we expand this approach and compare it with alternative methods of the description of the size-dependence of the surface tension and, as far as it is possible to use the Tolman equation, of the specification of the Tolman parameter. Applying these ideas to condensation and boiling, we derive a relation for the curvature dependence of the surface tension covering the whole range of metastable initial states from the binodal curve to the spinodal curve.
Plasma patches inside the polar cap and auroral oval: the impact on the spaceborne GPS receiver

In this study, we focus on plasma patches with very dense plasma in the southern hemisphere during the main phase of 2015 St. Patrick’s Day storm. With in situ electron densities exceeding 1.5 × 1012 m−3 at 450–500 km altitude, the patches cause strong signal outages of the global positioning system (GPS) receivers on board Swarm satellites. By using the field-aligned currents derived from the Swarm magnetic measurements, we determined whether the satellites fly inside the auroral oval or not. Different influences on the spaceborne GPS receiver are seen when these patches are located at different latitude regions, e.g., inside the polar cap or auroral oval. The simultaneously measurements of 2 Hz electron density as well as 50 Hz magnetic signatures from Swarm show that when large-scale polar cap patches transported from dayside lower latitude entering the cusp region, irregularities with much finer scale-size are generated; associated with various instabilities inside the cusp region, the small-scale irregularities cause much more severe influence on the GPS signals. This is the first direct evidence to show that when plasma patches are located inside the cusp region, the spaceborne receiver experiences stronger outage of GPS signals.
The Case for Combining a Large Low‐Band Very High Frequency Transmitter With Multiple Receiving Arrays for Geospace Research: A Geospace Radar

We argue that combining a high‐power, large‐aperture radar transmitter with several large‐aperture receiving arrays to make a geospace radar—a radar capable of probing near‐Earth space from the upper troposphere through to the solar corona—would transform geospace research. We review the emergence of incoherent scatter radar in the 1960s as an agent that unified early, pioneering research in geospace in a common theoretical, experimental, and instrumental framework, and we suggest that a geospace radar would have a similar effect on future developments in space weather research. We then discuss recent developments in radio‐array technology that could be exploited in the development of a geospace radar with new or substantially improved capabilities compared to the radars in use presently. A number of applications for a geospace radar with the new and improved capabilities are reviewed including studies of meteor echoes, mesospheric and stratospheric turbulence, ionospheric flows, plasmaspheric and ionospheric irregularities, and reflection from the solar corona and coronal mass ejections. We conclude with a summary of technical requirements.
The enhancement of self-regulated learning and achievement of open distance learning students through online tutorials

This research aimed to know and to analyze the direct and indirect effects of three multi- ple intelligences (spatial, verbal, mathematical-logic intelligences) towards students’ mathematical problem solving ability. The subjects were 280 of 9th grade students of SMP Negeri 37 Surabaya. The data were collected by mathematical logic intelligence, problem solving ability, and psychological tests. The psy- chological test was used to measure psychological constructs of spatial and verbal intelligences. The data analysis used inferential statistics, path analysis. The results showed that: (1) the mathematical logic intel- ligence was the first determinant factor in the students’ ability in mathematical problem solving (42.7%), and the second was the verbal intelligence (29.2%); (2) the verbal and mathematical logic intelligences had a direct effect to the ability of mathematical problem solving, simultaneously. The spatial intelligence affected indirectly the ability of mathematical problem solving. Individually or simultaneously, it appears that verbal and mathematical logic intelligences had a direct effect to the ability of mathematical problem solving. It implies that mathematics teachers of SMP/MTS should give more opportunities and stimulus of mathematical logic problems and verbal abilities to their students.
INFLUENCE OF RIVER BED ELEVATION SURVEY CONFIGURATIONS AND INTERPOLATION METHODS ON THE ACCURACY OF LIDAR DTM-BASED RIVER FLOW SIMULATIONS

In this paper, we investigated how survey configuration and the type of interpolation method can affect the accuracy of river flow simulations that utilize LIDAR DTM integrated with interpolated river bed as its main source of topographic information. Aside from determining the accuracy of the individually-generated river bed topographies, we also assessed the overall accuracy of the river flow simulations in terms of maximum flood depth and extent. Four survey configurations consisting of river bed elevation data points arranged as cross-section (XS), zig-zag (ZZ), river banks-centerline (RBCL), and river banks-centerline-zig-zag (RBCLZZ), and two interpolation methods (Inverse Distance-Weighted and Ordinary Kriging) were considered. Major results show that the choice of survey configuration, rather than the interpolation method, has significant effect on the accuracy of interpolated river bed surfaces, and subsequently on the accuracy of river flow simulations. The RMSEs of the interpolated surfaces and the model results vary from one configuration to another, and depends on how each configuration evenly collects river bed elevation data points. The large RMSEs for the RBCL configuration and the low RMSEs for the XS configuration confirm that as the data points become evenly spaced and cover more portions of the river, the resulting interpolated surface and the river flow simulation where it was used also become more accurate. The XS configuration with Ordinary Kriging (OK) as interpolation method provided the best river bed interpolation and river flow simulation results. The RBCL configuration, regardless of the interpolation algorithm used, resulted to least accurate river bed surfaces and simulation results. Based on the accuracy analysis, the use of XS configuration to collect river bed data points and applying the OK method to interpolate the river bed topography are the best methods to use to produce satisfactory river flow simulation outputs. The use of other configurations (and a choice between IDW or OK) except RBCL can also be an alternative in cases when the XS configuration is less practical or expensive to implement.
Behavior Change Techniques and Physical Activity Using the Fitbit Flex

The availability of low-cost accelerometer technology has led to a surge in consumer-based physical activity monitors (Lee et al., 2014). A top leader in this market is Fitbit (Dolan, 2014). Fitbit's activity tracking devices allow for self-monitoring and other features related to behaviour change (e.g., goal setting) called behaviour change techniques (BCTs). It has been determined that one popular wrist-worn device, the Fitbit Flex®, incorporates 20 BCTs (Lyons et al., 2014). The purpose of this study was to explore user's experience with the Fitbit Flex® as it relates to physical activity behaviour and BCTs. Participants (n=28, 82.1% female, 18-71 years old) completed an online survey assessing: (1) demographics and Fitbit acquisition, (2) step volume (number of steps for the past week and the first week of use), and (3) user's perceived importance and/or frequency of use of the 20 BCTs. Participants had used the Fitbit for an average 5 months and there was a significant increase of almost 2000 steps (p = .003) from the first to the past week of use. The BCTs rated among the highest for perceived importance for physical activity behaviour (i.e., step volume) were feedback, self-monitoring, and goal setting. The BCTs related to feedback or reward of outcomes (i.e., weight loss) and social features (e.g., social support) were rated on the lower end of importance/frequency. Overall, the present study contributes to understanding the influence wearing a Fitbit Flex has on physical activity as well as the importance of certain BCTs, which has implications for future physical activity promotion and product development.
A NARRATIVE INQUIRY OF BLACK UPPER MIDDLE-CLASS CHILDREN'S EXPERIENCES WITH SCHOOL WRITING

In this qualitative study, I explored the school writing experiences of four Black upper middle-class children in elementary school and their beliefs about school writing. Participants included three girls and one boy. All students were in fourth or fifth grade and attended three public schools in a metropolitan area in the Southeast region of the U.S. I drew on critical race theory to center the experiences of people of color within systems of privilege or oppression (Bell 1992, 1995; Crenshaw 1988, 1995; Delgado, 1995; Ladson-Billings, 1998; Solorzano, 1997, 1998) such as the education system. I also used sociocultural theories of learning (Vygotsky, 1978, 1986; Wertsch, 1991) to examine aspects of culture, class, and lived experiences. Within this framework, I situated the experiences of Black upper middle-class children in broad, systemic contexts, as well as personal, environmental, and cultural understandings. Ivanic’s (2004) discourses of writing also provided a framework to anchor the varied discourses on writing children commonly take up and embrace. My work aimed to listen to and honor the voices of the young Black girls and boys in the study, thus I used a narrative inquiry methodology (Clandinin, 2013). I used a narrative analysis approach (Riessman, 2008) to analyze the data and represent the findings in narrative constellations. Findings showed that all four students 1) placed importance on technical writing skills, 2) experienced highly structured writing assignments, 3) felt teachers avoided critical and sociopolitical issues in class and in writing opportunities, and 4) experienced a silencing and invisibility of their Black identities in school. The implications call attention to the hidden messaging Black upper middle-class children receive that writing about and discussing race is negative or offensive. Thus, educators may be more intentional about fostering professional development for teachers on bias and how to foster dialogue and writing about race in a safe way for all students. Secondly, there is a need for education policy makers and curriculum writers to produce innovative resources to aid teachers in bringing critical and sociopolitical topics into the classroom, as well as creating a school space that affirms ethnic, cultural, and linguistic diversity. INDEX WORDS: Black Upper Middle-Class, Elementary Students, Children, School Writing, Student Writing, Writing Instruction, Writing Attitudes, Student Voice, Narrative Inquiry, Sociocultural Theory, Critical Race Theory, Discourses of Writing, Intersectionality, Narrative Constellations A NARRATIVE INQUIRY OF BLACK UPPER MIDDLE-CLASS CHILDREN’S EXPERIENCES WITH SCHOOL WRITING
Attorney–Client Communication in Public Defense: A Qualitative Examination

This article presents a qualitative research approach to exploring attorney–client communication in an urban public defense system. The study drew upon procedural justice theory (PJT), which emphasizes relationships between satisfaction with system procedures and compliance with system demands. Interpretive analysis of interview data from 22 public defense clients revealed four major themes. PJT accounted well for three themes of communication time, type, and content, highlighting relationships between prompt, iterative, complete communication, and client satisfaction. The fourth theme involved clients exercising agency, often due to dissatisfaction with attorney communication. This theme was better accommodated by legal consciousness theory, which emphasizes that diverse experiences with law include manipulation and opposition alongside compliance. Implications for policy and research are discussed.
Does Multimarket Contact Facilitate Tacit Collusion? Inference on Conduct Parameters in the Airline Industry

We show that multimarket contact facilitates tacit collusion in the US airline industry using two complementary approaches. First, we show that the more extensive is the overlap in the markets that the two firms serve, i) the more firms internalize the effect of their pricing decisions on the profit of their competitors by reducing the discrepancy in their prices, and ii) the greater the rigidity of prices over time. Next, we develop a flexible model of oligopolistic behavior, where conduct parameters are modeled as functions of multimarket contact. We find i) carriers with little multimarket contact do not cooperate in setting fares, while carriers serving many markets simultaneously sustain almost perfect coordination; ii) cross-price elasticities play a crucial role in determining the impact of multimarket contact on collusive behavior and equilibrium fares; iii) marginal changes in multimarket contact matter only at low or moderate levels of contact; iv) assuming that firms behave as Bertrand-Nash competitors leads to biased estimates of marginal costs.
Moderating Effects of Career Commitment in the Relationship between Work Engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors of the Clinical Nurses

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of work engagement (WE) on organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) and ability to control career commitment (CC) in the relationship between work engagement and OCB. Methods: Data were collected using structured self-report questionnaires from 205 nurses currently working at three national hospitals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: Mean scores for each variable were: WE 3.77 (on a 7-point scale), OCB 3.41 (on a 5-point scale), and CC 3.05 (on a 5-point scale). As a result, comparison showed that all research variables were higher with age, OCB was higher with total clinical career, and CC was higher with higher education level. Total clinical career, WE and CC had a significant effect on OCB, and CC had a moderate effect on work engagement and OCB. These variables had a total explanatory power of 38% for OCB. Conclusion: The nurses' WE had a positive effect on OCB, and the CC showed a moderating effect on the relationship between WE and OCB. Therefore, we suggest that CC is an important factor in improving nurses' OCB.
Long-term and domain-specific relations between the early years home learning environment and students’ academic outcomes in secondary school

ABSTRACT The present study examines the longitudinal and differential impact of different dimensions of the early years home learning environment (HLE) on children’s reading and mathematical competencies in secondary school, while taking early developmental outcomes and HLE during secondary school into account. During the preschool years, 554 three-year-old children were tested and have been followed up to the age of 13. The results show that book exposure and the quality of verbal interactions regarding mathematics both predicted mathematical outcomes in secondary school and that those effects were mediated through early language and arithmetic skills. Reading outcomes in secondary school were not directly predicted by early HLE but indirectly via early language and literacy skills. Path models reveal that the different dimensions of the early HLE were differentially associated with preschoolers’ early competencies. All effects remained significant when including the concurrent HLE during secondary school which predicted reading outcomes directly.