Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Publication Metrics and Record of Pharmacy Practice Chairs

Background: Scholarship is an essential component of academic pharmacy. Department chairs are considered role models and mentors to junior faculty, but their publication record has not been documented. Objective: To quantify publication patterns of pharmacy practice chairs in general and, specifically, at health sciences center (HSC)-based versus non–HSC-based and public versus private colleges of pharmacy. Methods: Pharmacy practice chairs were identified using the 2006–2007 roster of faculty from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. Of the 89 colleges of pharmacy in the roster, 11 listed no pharmacy practice chair and 5 listed more than one. Data were collected on the remaining 73 schools by searching each chair's name on PubMed and Web of Science (WoS). Data on total publications, publications per year, total citations, citations per article, h-index, and m quotient were collected. Results: A total of 2394 papers published by 73 pharmacy practice chairs were found in a search of PubMed. The mean number of total publications per chair was 33 (95% CI 21 to 44). The mean number of publications per year was 1.4 using PubMed and 1.6 using WoS. Mean h-index was 8.0 (95% CI 6.3 to 9.6). Mean number of total citations was 410 (95% CI 252 to 568). Thirty-three percent (n = 24) had less than 10 lifetime publications and 18% had more than 50 lifetime publications, HSC-based chairs averaged 51.3 papers while non–HSC-based chairs averaged 19.1 (p < 0.01). Similar data were found for total citations (HSC = 673 vs non-HSC = 216; p < 0.001). Public school chairs had an average of 41.5 articles cited on PubMed, versus 15 for private school chairs (p<0.01). Public school chairs had an average h-index of 9.7 versus 4.4 for private school chairs (p < 0.001), and an average of 9.2 citations per article compared with 5.2 for private school chairs (p < 0.001). Conclusions: These data provide a normative pattern of publication metrics and record for pharmacy practice chairs and demonstrate marked variability in scholarly productivity.
Cannabinoid Transmission and Reward-Related Events

The reward/reinforcement circuitry of the mammalian brain consists of synaptically interconnected neurons associated with the medial forebrain bundle, linking the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, and ventral pallidum. Electrical stimulation of this circuit supports intense self-stimulation in animals and, in humans, produces intense pleasure or euphoria. This circuit is strongly implicated in the neural substrates of drug addiction and in such addiction-related phenomena as withdrawal dysphoria and craving. This circuit is also implicated in the pleasures produced by natural rewards (e.g., food, sex). Cannabinoids are euphorigenic in humans and have addictive liability in vulnerable persons, but were long considered "anomalous" drugs of abuse, lacking pharmacological interaction with these brain reward substrates. It is now clear, however, that cannabinoids activate these brain substrates and influence reward-related behaviors. From these actions, presumably, derive both the abuse potential of cannabinoids and the possible clinical efficacy in dysphoric states.
An analysis of Hospital Discharge Index as a trauma data base.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To document the validity of a Hospital Discharge Index (HDI) as a data base on injured patients. DESIGN Patient information in trauma registries was compared with information in HDI. POPULATION Injured patients admitted to trauma centers. METHODS Patients in HDI were crossmatched with individuals in one or two trauma registries using deterministic matching techniques. Agreement regarding the presence and severity of injury was assessed. RESULTS A comprehensive trauma registry from a level I trauma center and HDI agreed on the presence of an injury in each of 6 body regions over a range of kappa values from 0.17 to 0.71. The severity of injury score assigned by the two data bases demonstrated agreement over a range of intraclass correlation values from 0.12 to 0.82. CONCLUSION HDI provides adequate information concerning injury for the majority of hospitalized patients, but was primarily limited by incomplete information. Efforts to improve HDI should focus on guidelines for data abstraction.
Circadian variation in multiple sclerosis of oxidative stress marker of DNA damage. A potential cancer marker?

OBJECTIVE To investigate circadian rhythm (CR) of urinary creatinine and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and to present concentrations of this DNA damage marker, 5 years prior to mastectomy, in one MS study subject, and 2 years prior to biopsy confirmed a carcinoma (CA) of the prostate in one non-MS subject. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven subjects with MS (6 women 36-52 years of age and 5 men 51-68 years) volunteered for this study, carried out at Edward Hines Jr., Medical Center. Subjects were offered a general hospital diet (2400 cal in total/24h) at 16:30h, 07:30h and 13:00h. The dark (sleep) phase of the light-dark cycle extended from 22:30h to 06:30h with brief awakening for sampling at 01:00h, and 04:00h. Urine samples were collected for consecutive 3h spans beginning at 16:00-19:00h and were analyzed for creatinine and 8-OHdG. Twelve men (including 3 with type 2 diabetes) provided 21 profiles according to the same protocol used for comparison. In addition, 10 healthy women provided 24h urine samples. Statistical analysis of data was performed using the Single-Cosinor and Population-Mean Cosinor. RESULTS A CR was detected for creatinine in healthy men (p < 0.001) but not for MS patients. Urinary creatinine concentrations were lower in MS women than in healthy women (p = 0.015) and were lower in MS women than in men healthy or with MS (p < 0.001): Women; MS 655 +/- 76; H 1381 +/- 316; Men, MS 1830 +/- 285; H 1532 +/- 265 mg/24h vol. A CR was evident in 8-OHdG in MS (p = 0.007) and in non-MS subjects (p < 0.001) with highest values occurring at about 16:45h. The average concentrations of 8-OHdG in MS patients were similar to those in healthy subjects: Women, MS 589 +/- 125; H 794 +/- 318; Men, MS 504 +/- 156; H 591 +/- 134 picomoles/kg bw/24h vol. The 8-OHdG concentrations of a MS patient, later diagnosed with breast cancer, were found to exceed the upper 95% prediction limit in health. An increased 8-OHdG level was also noted in a non-MS subject who 2 years later received a biopsy-confirmed diagnosis of prostate CA. CONCLUSIONS Despite the small number of subjects in this study, a statistically significant CR was documented for 8-OHdG in urine of subjects with MS. Interestingly, the increased concentrations of DNA damage marker, the 8-OHdG, 5 years prior to mastectomy and the 2 years prior to affirmative diagnosis of prostate CA, could be the most significant clinical observations of this study. Follow-up studies of a larger population of subjects would, thus, be required to ascertain the predictive validity of such challenging observation.
Racial differences in venous thromboembolism

Summary. The incidence of venous thrombosis (VTE) varies by race, with African‐Americans having over 5‐fold greater incidence than Asian‐ancestry populations, and an intermediate risk for European and Hispanic populations. Known racial differences in genetic polymorphisms associated with thrombosis do not account for this gradient of risk, nor do known racial variations in environmental risk factors. Data on the incidence of and risk factors for VTE outside of Europe and North America and in non‐European ancestry populations are sparse. Common genetic polymorphisms in European‐Ancestry populations, such as factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A, and environmental risk factors, such as obesity, may account for some of the increased risk in European populations, and high factor VIII, high von Willebrand factor and low protein C levels and increased prevalence of obesity may explain some of the increased risk in African‐Americans. The low rates in Asian populations may be partially explained by low clinical suspicion in a perceived low‐risk population and lack of access to healthcare in other populations. As risk factors for thrombosis, such as surgery and treatment for cancer, are applicable to more people, as obesity increases in prevalence in the developing world, and as surveillance systems for VTE improve, VTE may increase in previously low‐risk populations. While differences in VTE by race due to genetic predisposition will probably always be present, understanding the reasons for racial differences in VTE will help providers develop strategies to minimize VTE in all populations.
Dense periodical patterns in photonic devices: Technology for fabrication and device performance

DENSE PERIODICAL PATTERNS IN PHOTONIC DEVICES: TECHNOLOGY FOR FABRICATION AND DEVICE PERFORMANCE by SABARISH CHANDRAMOHAN December 2016 Advisor: Dr. Ivan Avrutsky Major: Electrical Engineering Degree: Doctor of Philosophy For the fabrication, focused ion beam parameters are investigated to successfully fabricate dense periodical patterns, such as gratings, on hard transition metal nitride such as zirconium nitride. Transition metal nitrides such as titanium nitride and zirconium nitride have recently been studied as alternative materials for plasmonic devices because of its plasmonic resonance in the visible and near-infrared ranges, material strength, CMOS compatibility, and optical properties resembling gold. Coupling of light on the surface of these materials using submicrometer gratings gives additional capabilities for wider applications. Here we report the fabrication of gratings on the surface of zirconium nitride using gallium ion 30keV dual beam focused ion beam. Scanning electron microscope imaging and atomic force microscope profiling is used to characterize the fabricated gratings. Appropriate values for FIB parameters such as ion beam current, magnification, dwell time, and milling rate are found for successful milling of dense patterns on zirconium nitride. For the device performance, a real-time image-processing algorithm is developed to enhance the sensitivity of an optical miniature spectrometer. The novel approach in this design is
Circadian clock period inversely correlates with illness severity in cells from patients with alcohol use disorders.

BACKGROUND Clinical and genetic studies suggest circadian clock genes may contribute to biological mechanisms underlying alcohol use disorders (AUD). In particular, the Per2 gene regulates alcohol consumption in mutant animals, and in humans with AUD, the 10870 variant in PER2 has been associated with alcohol consumption. However, with respect to function, the molecular clock remains largely uncharacterized in AUD patients. METHODS In skin fibroblast cultures from well-characterized human AUD patients (n = 19) and controls (n = 13), we used a bioluminescent reporter gene (Per2::luc) to measure circadian rhythms in gene expression at high sampling density for 5 days. Cells were genotyped for the PER2 10870 variant. The rhythm parameters period and amplitude were then analyzed using a case-control design and by genetic and clinical characteristics of the AUD subjects. RESULTS There were no differences between AUD cases and controls in rhythm parameters. However, period was inversely correlated with illness severity (defined as the number of alcohol dependence criteria met). The PER2 variant 10870 was not associated with differences in rhythm parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that differences in the cellular circadian clock are not pronounced in fibroblasts from AUD cases and controls. However, we found evidence that the circadian clock may be associated with an altered trajectory of AUD, possibly related to illness severity. Future work will be required to determine the mechanistic basis of this association.
“They come with multiple morbidities”: A qualitative assessment of pharmacist prescribing

This paper presents qualitative findings from a larger sequential mixed methods study which sought to provide an in-depth understanding of pharmacist prescribing from the perspective of pharmacist prescribers, medical colleagues and key stakeholders in Northern Ireland. Transcriptions were analyzed using thematic analysis as the interviews progressed and emergent themes were identified and coded (along with supporting quotes) independently and by consensus of the research team. Three major themes emerged in relation to pharmacist prescribing: the effect on patient care; challenges facing pharmacist prescribers and the importance of the interprofessional team (where two or more different professions with varied, yet complementary experience work together with a common purpose). Pharmacist prescribing may have the potential to reduce the medication burden for patients (as reported by pharmacists) as pharmacists tend to provide a more comprehensive medication review than doctors; the additional time for consultations made this possible. Further research is required on how interprofessional team working can be maximized in the context of pharmacist prescribing, particularly in relation to the management of multi-morbidity.
Vision 2020: update on onchocerciasis.

Onchocerciasis, also known as ‘river blindness’, is an insect-borne disease, caused by a nematode worm, Onchorcerca volvulus. It is the world's second leading infectious cause of blindness. In most of these countries it constitutes a public health problem and a serious obstacle to socio-economic development.
TANGENT AND COTANGENT BUNDLES

of subsets of TM: Note that i) 8 (p;Xp) 2 TM , as p 2M ) there exists (U ; ) 2 S such that p 2 U ; i.e. (p;Xp) 2 TU , and we have TU =  1 (R) 2 : ii) If we de ne F : TpM ! R by F (Xp) = (Xp(x); Xp(x); :::::; Xp(x)) where x; x; ::::; x are local coordinates on (U ; ), then clearly F is an isomorphism, so  (p; Xp) = ( (p); F ( Xp)); and  1 = ( 1 ; F 1 ): Now take  1 (U);  1 (V ) 2 and suppose (p; Xp) 2  1 (U)\  1 (V ) for some U; V open in R: )  (p; Xp) 2 U and  (p; Xp) 2 V Take U = U U and V = V V where U ; U ; V ; V are open sets in R:Clearly (p) 2 U ; F ( Xp) 2 U ; (p) 2 V , and F (Xp) 2 V : From the de nition of open set there exist neighborhoodsW 1 ;W 2 ;W 1 ;W 2 of (p); (p); F ( Xp) and F (Xp) respectively such that
The psychology of men and women recovering from coronary artery bypass surgery.

BACKGROUND Little is known about the differences between men's and women's cardiac rehabilitation processes. What helps men during recovery may not necessarily aid women's recovery. Psychosocial variables are known to impact recovery in positive and negative ways. Unfortunately, it is not clear what variables are the most effective predictors of recovery outcomes for men and women. METHODS Ninety coronary artery bypass graft patients (60 men, 30 women) completed a battery of psychological questionnaires on or after the third day after surgery. RESULTS Results showed that women reported significantly more depressive symptoms than men. For women, pain was correlated positively with depressive symptomatology and functional impairment. For men, pain and functional impairment were correlated negatively with social support. In addition, the results of a multiple regression of pain on age, severity of disease, and two psychosocial variables (depressive symptomatology and social support) for the women showed that after controlling for age and severity of disease, depressive symptomatology and social support accounted for a significant 43% increment in the variance in pain. The psychosocial variables accounted for much less variance in pain in men. However, in a multiple regression of functional impairment on the same variables, depressive symptomatology and social support accounted for a significant 14% increment in the variance in pain in men but a nonsignificant increment for the women. CONCLUSIONS The results support the notion that psychosocial variables play different roles in the recovery paths of men and women. In consequence, cardiac rehabilitation programs would be more effective with gender-specific tailoring.
Efficacy of vertical infraclavicular plexus block vs. modified axillary plexus block: a prospective, randomized, observer‐blinded study

Background: Despite containing severe risks, infraclavicular approaches to the brachial plexus gained increasing popularity. Likewise, the vertical infraclavicular plexus block improved anesthesia compared to the standard axillary approach but contains the risk of pneumothorax. Therefore we modified the standard axillary technique by inserting a proximal directed catheter, referred to as a high axillary plexus block. We prospectively compared quality and onset of neural blockade after vertical infraclavicular plexus block (VIP) and high axillary plexus block (HAP) in two randomized groups (30 patients in each).
Sandwiches and subversion: Teachers’ mealtime strategies and preschoolers’ agency

Mealtimes are understudied processes in the social research on childhood. Our study uses ethnographic methods in two preschools in the southeastern United States to understand the types of strategies teachers use during meals and children’s responses to these strategies. We identified three strategies teachers used to attempt to modify children’s consumption: gatekeeping, directives, and hyperbolic justifications of consumption. We argue that children used agency to subvert to teachers’ strategies using silent and verbal techniques, including attempting to open packages of restricted foods, pretending to eat, and refusing to eat. Their subversion manifested in either “dissent” or “feigned assent. ”
Career Paths of German Business Administration Academics

The question of how the career path for professors should be structured is a central issue in the current debate on reforming higher education in Germany. In order to substantiate current discussions on promotion and faculty development this study presents empirical data on the biographies of 699 professors of business administration at German universities. The internet-based data collection provides descriptive analyses on the pathways to the professiorate, including age, sex, educational background, mobility and social networks of business professors. The results suggest that career opportunities for academics in business administration vary widely across different age cohorts. Business professors in Germany show a high mobility, and the ability to accumulate social capital differs significantly between male and female professors. The implications for policy makers and young academics are discussed.
Popular Legitimacy and the Exercise of Legal Authority : Motivating Compliance , Cooperation and Engagement

The traditional goal of legal authorities has been to obtain widespread public compliance with the law and legal directives. Empirical research findings have shown that legitimacy – typically operationalized as felt obligation to obey authorizes and trust and confidence in the relevant institutions – plays an important role in achieving such compliance. But over time the goals of legal authorities have broadened in two ways. First, they increasingly include the desire to motivate willing cooperation between legal authorities and members of the public working together to produce social order. This willing cooperation includes public willingness to authorize legal authorities to manage issues of order in the community, as well as a public motivation to aid the police and courts by reporting crime and criminals and working with the legal system in furthering their prosecution. Second, conceptions of the goals of the legal system have broadened to include the importance of promoting public engagement in communities in efforts to build social, political and economic vitality. Drawing on these broader goals – and building upon recent conceptual and methodological advances in the meaning and measurement of legitimacy – we report findings from a major new national survey of US citizens. We examine the role that legitimacy plays in achieving each of these goals of law and in defining the policies and practices of the police and courts which influence legitimacy. Importantly, we also consider whether a focus on achieving this broader set of goals leads to a need to reexamine the traditional theoretical conception of legitimacy. Our findings support the utility of a multidimensional conception of legitimacy that differentiates between consent to authority and normative justifiability of power.
[Should beta-blockers remain first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension?].

CRD summary This review assessed the use of beta-blockers for treating hypertension. It concluded that beta-blockers lead to an increased risk of stroke compared with other anti-hypertensive drugs and a decreased risk of stroke compared with placebo. Poor reporting of the review process, a limited search, and the lack of a quality assessment make it difficult to assess the reliability of the authors' conclusions.
Pilot evaluation of the family informal caregiver stroke self-management program.

BACKGROUND Due to the abrupt onset of a stroke, caregivers are often unprepared for the role, have extensive needs and are at risk for negative outcomes. Interventions facilitating development of coping and problem solving skills are shown to decrease the negative effects of caregiving. The Family Informal Caregiver Stroke Self-Management (FICSS) program was developed to address the unmet needs of family caregivers of stroke survivors. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the content, format and resource materials of the FICSS program with 10-12 family caregivers of stroke survivors within Central South Ontario. METHODS The FICSS program is a four-module education and support series of facilitated small group discussions. Topics included: balancing changing roles, managing behaviour changes, sexuality/intimacy, and community linkages. Each module was evaluated weekly and by focus group one month after the program. RESULTS Eleven family caregivers of stroke survivors with three years of mean caregiving experience participated. Caregivers valued the opportunity to share experiences and learn from others who understood what they were going through. Recommendations were made to improve the program topic areas, content and flow. CONCLUSIONS The pilot evaluation of the program validated the content of the FICSS program and indicated recommendations for improvement.
PROPERTIES OF BULGELESS DISK GALAXIES. II. STAR FORMATION AS A FUNCTION OF CIRCULAR VELOCITY

We study the relation between the surface density of gas and star formation rate in 20 moderately inclined, bulgeless disk galaxies (Sd-Sdm Hubble types) using CO(1–0) data from the IRAM 30 m telescope, H i emission line data from the VLA/EVLA, Hα data from the MDM Observatory, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission data derived from Spitzer IRAC observations. We specifically investigate the efficiency of star formation as a function of circular velocity (vcirc). Previous work found that the vertical dust structure and disk stability of edge-on, bulgeless disk galaxies transition from diffuse dust lanes with large scale heights and gravitationally stable disks at vcirc < 120 km s−1 (M* ≲ 1010 M☉) to narrow dust lanes with small scale heights and gravitationally unstable disks at vcirc > 120 km s−1. We find no transition in star formation efficiency () at vcirc = 120 km s−1 or at any other circular velocity probed by our sample (vcirc = 46–190 km s−1). Contrary to previous work, we find no transition in disk stability at any circular velocity in our sample. Assuming our sample has the same dust structure transition as the edge-on sample, our results demonstrate that scale height differences in the cold interstellar medium of bulgeless disk galaxies do not significantly affect the molecular fraction or star formation efficiency. This may indicate that star formation is primarily affected by physical processes that act on smaller scales than the dust scale height, which lends support to local star formation models.