Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fatigue of elbow flexor muscles in younger and older adults

The aim of this study was to assess differences in the behavior of fatigue‐related measures of neuromuscular function between younger (n = 10; 20–35 years) and older (n = 11; >65 years) healthy adults. Measures reflecting changes in voluntary activation, neuromuscular propagation, metabolite build‐up, and excitation‐contraction coupling processes were taken before, during, and after a sustained maximum elbow‐flexion fatigue task. We found a greater role for a failure in voluntary activation (central fatigue) in about half of the older subjects compared with none of the younger subjects to explain the decrease in force‐generating capacity with sustained activity. In contrast, similar behaviors in measures reflecting changes in peripheral mechanisms were noted for the two age groups. These results point to a potential shift in fatigue mechanisms with age, with a greater contribution of central fatigue in some older adults. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 98–106, 2001
On the Hyperdecidability of Pseudovarieties of Groups

Clarifying the relation between Ash's (algebraic-combinatorial) proof and Ribes and Zalesski's (topological) proof of the Rhodes Type II conjecture is an intriguing and interesting question which arose when both proofs appeared in the beginning of the 1990s. Attempting to contribute to this clarification, we observe that two sets, each playing a crucial role in one of the proofs, are in fact equal. The equality of these sets allows us to give an alternative proof of part of the main theorem of Ash's paper where the hyperdecidability of the pseudovariety of all finite groups is established.
Elimination of Ascorbic Acid following High-Dose Infusion in Prostate Cancer Patients : A Pharmacokinetic Evaluation

Treatment with high-dose intravenous (IV) ascorbic acid (AA) is used in complementary and alternative medicine for various conditions including cancer. Cytotoxicity to cancer cell lines has been observed with millimolar concentrations of AA. Little is known about the pharmacokinetics of high dose IV AA. The purpose of the present study was to assess the basic kinetic variables in human beings over a relevant AA dosing interval for proper design of future clinical trials. Ten patients with
On Altruism and Remittances

We provide a direct test of the impact of altruism on remittances. From a sample of 105 male migrant workers from Kerala, India working in Qatar, we elicit the propensity to share with others from their responses in a dictator game, and use it as a proxy for altruism. When the entire sample is considered, we find that only migrants' income robustly explains remittances. Altruism does not seem to matter. However, we document a strong positive relationship between altruism and remittances for those migrants that report a loan obligation back home, which is nearly half the sample. We explain the role of loan obligations with a standard remittance model, extended with reference-dependent preferences.
School Violent Victimization and Recent Alcohol Use and Episodic Heavy Drinking Among Youth

School violent victimization is a serious public health problem among youth. The current study investigated the association between youth alcohol use and school violent victimization among middle school and high school students (N = 54,361). The PRIDE national survey for Grades 6–12 was administered to youth in their classrooms. Results indicated that 38.3% of students were involved in school violent victimization. School violent victimization differed significantly based on sex, race, and grade level. Logistic regression analyses indicated that school violent victimization was directly related to elevated alcohol use in the past 12 months and episodic heavy drinking among youth. Findings from this study may be beneficial to school nurses in creating bullying and substance abuse prevention programs for students. Recommendations for future research are included.
Post-Adoption Behaviors of E-Service Customers: The Interplay of Cognition and Emotion

The interplay between cognition and emotion has been explored in the consumer behavior literature, but the links between cognition-emotion interplay, satisfaction, and post-adoption behaviors have not been integrated in a single model of customer retention. The authors proposed a model that links these constructs and empirically tested it in e-service settings. The results showed that satisfaction is a significant predictor of all three post-adoption behaviors: continuance, complaint, and recommendation. Negative affective response to e-service use was found to directly predict complaint behavior, but positive affect and negative affect did not influence customer satisfaction. The implications of these findings for e-service customer retention theory and practice are delineated.
Clonotypic CD20+ and CD19+ B cells in peripheral blood of patients with multiple myeloma post high‐dose therapy and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

The number of circulating clonotypic B cells in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) after high‐dose therapy (HDT) with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) was investigated. Peripheral CD19+ B cells have been reported to persist throughout conventional and HDT and might resemble a source of relapse in patients with MM. We assessed the proportion of malignant cells in CD20+ and CD19+ cell fractions of 14 peripheral blood (PB) samples from 12 patients after HDT and PBSCT. Nine samples were obtained from patients in continuous remission, and five patients were in progressive disease or beginning relapse.
[Adverse hemodynamic changes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and their possible suppression with clonidine premedication. Comparison with intravenous and intramuscular premedication].

Laparoscopic cholecystectomies have adverse haemodynamic effects which limit their use in risk patients with heart disease. This applies in particular to significant hypertension. The etiology is analysed in detail in a review of the literature. The authors confirmed in their work involving 21 patients the incidence of these effects and tried to suppress them by premedication with clonidine (CATAPRESAN, Boehringer). 21 patients were given 0.15 mg clonidine in an infusion 15 minutes before operation and 21 patients 0.15 mg clonidine by the i.m. route 60-90 min. before operation. Standard anaesthesia was administered. A highly significant drop in the incidence of hypertension was recorded during operation for systolic pressure (p < 0.001) after both ways of administration, as well as of diastolic pressure (p < 0.01 for intravenous and p < 0.05 for intramuscular premedication). Premedication with intravenous clonidine can be recommended as a routine procedure before laparoscopic cholecystectomies.
Increase of Heat Index over Bangladesh: Impact of Climate Change

Heat Index describes the combined effect of temperature and humidity on human body. This combined effect is causing a serious threat to the health of people because of the changing climate. With climate change, climate variability and thus the occurrence of heat waves is likely to increase. Evidence is emerging from the analysis of long-term climate records of an increase in the frequency and duration of extreme temperature events in all over Bangladesh particularly during summer. Summer season has prolonged while winters have become short in Bangladesh. Summers have become hotter and thus affecting the lives of the people engaged in outdoor activities during scorching sun hours. In 2003 around 62 people died due to heat wave across the country. In this paper Bangladesh is divided in four regions and heat index has been calculated from 1960 to 2010 in these regions of the country. The aim of this paper is to identify the spots most vulnerable to heat strokes and heat waves due to high heat index. The results show upward trend of heat index in almost all the regions of Bangladesh. The highest increase in heat index value has been observed in areas of South-west region and North-west Region. The highest change in average heat index has been found in Jessore by almost 5.5C. Keywords—Anomaly, Heat index, Relative humidity, Temperature
The impact of phenomena El Niño and La Niña and other environmental factors on episodes of acute diarrhoea disease in the population of Aguascalientes, Mexico: a case study

Abstract. Acute diarrhoea diseases (ADDs) are one of the major health problems in Aguascalientes, Mexico. Due to the risk of significant increases of ADDs in the hot season, it has been necessary to determine the weather conditions that might lead to escalating ADD events. The effects of El Nino and La Nina phenomena on the morbidity rate of ADD (MRADD) in the State of Aguascalientes were determined during the period of 2000–2010. The MRADD was calculated from cases reported by the State Health Department. The Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) was obtained from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The impact of El Nino and La Nina on the MRADD was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results gave a significant inverse correlation between El Nino phenomenon and MRADD (r = −0.55, P = 0.001), but a correlation was not observed on the La Nina phenomenon (r = −0.022, P = 0.888). Field data showed significant inverse influence of El Nino on MRADD for the years 2000–2010.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 biosynthesis and mRNA level are increased by dexamethasone in human fibrosarcoma cells

Dexamethasone increases type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) activity released from the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT-1080. We demonstrated that dexamethasone caused about 10-fold increases in the intracellular and extracellular levels of PAI-1 protein, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in the rate of PAI-1 biosynthesis, and in the PAI-1 mRNA level. The effects on PAI-1 biosynthesis and mRNA level were detectable within 4 h and were maximal 16 to 24 h after the addition of dexamethasone. Cycloheximide did not inhibit the dexamethasone-induced increases in the capacity of the cells to synthesize PAI-1 and in the PAI-1 mRNA level.
Fatal familial insomnia, a prion disease with a mutation at codon 178 of the prion protein gene.

BACKGROUND We previously described two members of a family affected by an apparently genetically determined fatal disease characterized clinically by progressive insomnia, dysautonomia, and motor signs and characterized pathologically by severe atrophy of the anterior ventral and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei. Five other family members who died of this disease, which we termed "fatal familial insomnia," had broader neuropathologic changes suggesting that fatal familial insomnia could be a prion disease. METHODS We used antibodies to prion protein (PrP) to perform dot and Western blot analyses, with and without proteinase K, on brain tissue obtained at autopsy from two patients with fatal familial insomnia, three patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and six control subjects. The coding region of the PrP gene was amplified and sequenced in the samples from the two patients with fatal familial insomnia. Restriction-enzyme analysis was carried out with amplified PrP DNA from 33 members of the kindred. RESULTS Protease-resistant PrP was found in both patients with fatal familial insomnia, but the size and number of protease-resistant fragments differed from those in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. In the family with fatal familial insomnia, all 4 affected members and 11 of the 29 unaffected members had a point mutation in PrP codon 178 that results in the substitution of asparagine for aspartic acid and elimination of the Tth111 I restriction site. Linkage analysis showed a close relation between the point mutation and the disease (maximal lod score, 3.4 when theta was zero). CONCLUSIONS Fatal familial insomnia is a prion disease with a mutation in codon 178 of the PrP gene, but the disease phenotype seems to differ from that of previously described kindreds with the same point mutation.
Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Cyst

Lecturer Professor and HOD Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Abstract: D.A. Pandu Memorial R.V. Dental College and Hospital, Banglore. Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is an uncommon disorder of tissues derived from ectoderm, characterized by the triad of hypohidrosis and hypodontia, which form the essential features of the syndrome 1. A case of a 7 year old child with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with oligodontia and marked resorption of alveolar ridges is presented. Prosthetic rehabilitation with removable acrylic prosthesis done on achieving excellent esthetics, functionality and adaptation.
Deep neural networks versus support vector machines for ECG arrhythmia classification

Heart arrhythmia is a condition in which the heartbeat is too fast, too slow, or irregular. As Electrocardiography (ECG) is an efficient measurement of heart arrhythmia, lots of research efforts have been spent on the identification of heart arrhythmia by classifying ECG signals for health care. Among them, support vector machines (SVMs) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are the most popular. However, most of the previous studies reported the performance of either the SVMs or the ANNs without in-depth comparisons between these two methods. Also, a large number of features can be extracted from ECG signals, and some may be more relevant to heart arrhythmia than the others. This paper is to enhance the performance of heart arrhythmia classification by selecting relevant features from ECG signals, applying dimension reduction on the feature vectors, and applying deep neural networks (DNNs) for classification. A holistic comparison among DNNs, SVMs, and ANNs will be provided. Experimental results suggest that DNNs outperform both SVMs and ANNs, provided that relevant features have been selected.
Physical Education Policies and Practices in California Private Secondary Schools.

BACKGROUND Physical education (PE) is mandated in most states, but few studies of PE in private schools exist. METHODS We assessed selected PE policies and practices in private secondary schools (grades 6 to 12) in California using a 15-item questionnaire related to school characteristics and their PE programs. RESULTS Responding schools (n = 450; response rate, 33.8%) were from 37 counties. Most were coeducational (91.3%) and had a religious affiliation (83%). Secular schools had more PE lessons, weekly PE min, and smaller class sizes. Most schools met guidelines for class size, but few met national recommendations for weekly PE minutes (13.7%), not permitting substitutions for PE (35.6%), and programs being taught entirely by PE specialists (29.3%). CONCLUSIONS Private schools, which serve about 5 million US children and adolescents, may be falling short in providing quality PE. School stakeholders should encourage adoption and implementation of policies and practices that abide by professional guidelines and state statutes.
Monocular deprivation provokes alteration of the neuronal cytoskeleton in developing cat lateral geniculate nucleus

Abstract Monocular deprivation early in development produces considerable change in the organization of connections within the central mammalian visual system. In the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, the soma, dendrites, and axon terminal fields of deprived cells become considerably smaller than nondeprived counterparts. We have examined the possibility that subcellular events enabling structural modification of deprived neurons include modification of proteins comprising the cytoskeleton. We examined the integrity of the cytoskeleton by measuring the response of a subset of its proteins to varying durations of monocular deprivation. Loss of all three neurofilament subunits (light, medium, and heavy) within deprived layers was observed to parallel changes in neuron gross structure. Monocular deprivation initiated beyond early life produced neither a change in structure nor a loss of neurofilament labeling.
Seasonal variations in antibody response to a Plasmodium falciparum recombinant circumsporozoite antigen in two villages in south western Nigeria

An Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), employing a recombinant peptide capture antigen (R32tet32) was used to detect antibodies against the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum in 169 serum samples from 16 subjects from two villages, Afefu (FA) and Tobalogbo (TB), in Igbo-Ora Community of Oyo State, over a period of 12 months. The maximum and mean Ab response for FA was higher than for TB samples (0.511 AU±0.170, 0.124±0.045U and 0.250±0.070 AU, 0.090±0.019AU respectively), with the mean Ab being significantly different (t=2.313; P>0.05). Despite both villages (FA and TB) falling within the same rainfall data zone, the Ab response profile for FA showed a positive (seasonal) relationship with rainfall (r=+0.31, P>0.05) while that of TB was negatively correlated (r=-0.32; P>0.05). Habits and the environment could be prime contributing factors alongside the less controllable immunogenetic factors. Data obtained here would serve as baseline and we suggest other expanded sample size studies to include data on temperature and other climatic factors to help establish sub-populations at risk and better empower malariologists in planning and execution of control programmes (Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 9: 37 – 43, 2006) Keywords: Antibodies, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Circumsporozoite Protein,, Antigen
Cu Nanolines for RF Interconnects: Electrical Characterization

In this paper, we investigated the RF properties of Cu nanolines that are arranged in a coplanar waveguide (CPW) configuration. The signal tracks for the CPW transmission lines (CPW TLines) were either single Cu nanolines or multiple parallel Cu nanolines of equal total width and varying number. The total width was kept constant in order to study the validity of the litz-wire concept on the on-chip integrated CPW TLines. The metallization thickness was 100 nm and their width ranged from 50 nm to 1 μm. The RF characteristics of the nanolines were measured in the frequency range 40 MHz-40 GHz and the results were compared with those obtained from electromagnetic simulations. For these frequencies and nanolines dimensions, no improvement was observed when splitting the single line into multiple parallel lines. On the contrary, the resistance was increased according to the corresponding resistivity increase.
A 43-kDa Protein Related to c-Erb A α1 Is Located in the Mitochondrial Matrix of Rat Liver (*)

In order to characterize Sterling's triiodothyronine (T3) mitochondrial receptor using photoaffinity labeling, we observed two specific T3-binding proteins in the inner membrane (28 kDa) and in the matrix (43 kDa) of rat liver mitochondria. Western blots and immunoprecipitation using antibodies raised against the T3-binding domain of the T3 nuclear receptor c-Erb A α1 indicated that at least the 43-kDa protein was c-Erb A α1-related. In addition, gel mobility shift assays demonstrated the occurrence of a c-Erb A α1-related mitochondrial protein that specifically binds to a natural or a palindromic thyroid-responsive element. Moreover, this protein specifically binds to a direct repeat 2 sequence located in the D-loop of the mitochondrial genome. Furthermore, electron microscopy studies allowed the direct observation of a c-Erb A-related protein in mitochondria. Lastly, the relative amounts of the 43-kDa protein related to c-Erb A α1 were in good correlation with the known mitochondrial mass in three typical tissues. Interestingly, expression of a truncated form of the c-Erb A α1 nuclear receptor in CV1 cells was associated with a mitochondrial localization and a stimulation of mitochondrial activity. These results supply evidence of the localization of a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily in the mitochondrial matrix involved in the regulation of mitochondrial activity that could act as a mitochondrial T3-dependent transcription factor.
Inefficient star formation through turbulence, magnetic fields and feedback

Star formation is inefficient. Only a few percent of the available gas in molecular clouds forms stars, leading to the observed low star formation rate (SFR). The same holds when averaged over many molecular clouds, such that the SFR of whole galaxies is again surprisingly low. Indeed, considering the low temperatures, molecular clouds should be highly gravitationally unstable and collapse on their global mean freefall timescale. And yet, they are observed to live about 10-100 times longer, i.e., the SFR per freefall time (SFR_ff) is only a few percent. Thus, other physical mechanisms must counteract the quick global collapse. Turbulence, magnetic fields and stellar feedback have been proposed as regulating agents, but it is still unclear which of these processes is the most important and what their relative contributions are. Here we run high-resolution simulations including gravity, turbulence, magnetic fields, and jet/outflow feedback. We confirm that clouds collapse on a mean freefall time, if only gravity is considered, producing stars at an unrealistic rate. In contrast, if turbulence, magnetic fields, and feedback are included step-by-step, the SFR is reduced by a factor of 2-3 with each additional physical ingredient. When they all act in concert, we find a constant SFR_ff = 0.04, currently the closest match to observations, but still about a factor of 2-4 higher than the average. A detailed comparison with other simulations and with observations leads us to conclude that only models with turbulence producing large virial parameters, and including magnetic fields and feedback can produce realistic SFRs.
A SIMPLE AND RAPID TECHNIQUE FOR THE ISOLATION OF DNA FROM MICROALGAE 1

A simple method for the purification of PCR‐ quality DNA from microalgae is presented. This method uses the detergent dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide coupled with cell breakage by agitation in the presence of glass beads and chloroform. A final purification step involves a commercial cartridge system. The procedure requires only about 1–2 mL of algal culture and can be completed in about 20 min. DNA suitable for PCR has been obtained from several algal lineages using this method, including numerous green algae and stramenopiles.
Corneal transplants for the treatment of congenital corneal opacities.

PURPOSE To describe the results of corneal transplants in infants and young children with congenital corneal disorders. METHODS The charts of 38 children who underwent corneal transplantation for congenital corneal opacities from 1988 to 1999 at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, were reviewed. Parameters reviewed included indication, age at diagnosis and surgery, graft size, graft clarity, repeat surgery, glaucoma pre- and postsurgery, visual acuity, and refraction. RESULTS Thirty-eight children (63 eyes) underwent 86 corneal transplants. The four most common indications for surgery included posterior polymorphous dystrophy, Peters anomaly, congenital glaucoma, and sclerocornea. Mean follow-up was 40.4 +/- 30.2 months (range, 2-111 months). Seventy-eight percent of the grafts were clear at the final follow-up visit. There were 23 repeat grafts in the entire group. CONCLUSIONS The overall success rate of graft clarity was 78% for children undergoing corneal transplantation for congenitally opaque corneas. Best results were achieved in patients with posterior polymorphous dystrophy, followed by patients with Peters anomaly. Sclerocornea and congenital glaucoma carried a 50% chance of success, with repeated transplants needed for many of the eyes.