Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postoperative bleeding after coronary revascularization. Comparison between tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid.

BACKGROUND Microvascular bleeding after Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is mainly due to consumption of clotting factors, platelets damage, and hyperfibrinolysis. Aprotinin, the only antifibrinolytic drug effective in preserving platelets, is no longer available; an alternative regimen based on pure antifibrinolytic drugs has been proposed, since hyperfibrinolysis is known to contribute both to clot lysis and platelet dysfunction. In this study the efficacy of two antifibrinolytic drugs, Tranexamic acid (TA) and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), was tested in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), for primary myocardial revascularization. METHODS Forty-eight consecutive patients were randomized to receive prophylactically equipotent doses of EACA (group A) or TA (Group B). Platelet count, prothrombin time, fibrin digestion products, blood loss and transfusion requirements recorded after 6 and 24 hours from the end of surgery were compared. RESULTS The two groups were comparable for length of CPB and numbers of grafts; no significant difference was observed in the coagulation parameters considered. Blood losses were less in group B (TA) than in group A (EACA), both at 6 and 24 hours after surgery; homologous blood transfused was also less in group B, but no difference was statistically significant. No adverse effect was observed. CONCLUSIONS In coronary patients, TA and EACA exhibit the same effects on blood loss and requirements after CPB; either drug can be safely used in cardiac surgery.
Antibody response to Brucella ovis outer membrane proteins in ovine brucellosis

Hot saline extracts of Brucella ovis were composed of vesicles with outer membrane proteins (OMPs), lipopolysaccharide, and phospholipid as constituents. Extraction with petroleum ether-chloroform-phenol yielded a protein fraction free of detectable lipopolysaccharide, in which group 3 OMPs (28,500 apparent molecular weight [28.5K], 27.0K, and 25.5K) represented 81% of the total. Group 1 OMPs and 67.0K, 22.5K to 21.5K, and 19.5K to 18.0K proteins were also detected. Adsorption of immune sera with whole bacteria suggested that group 3 OMPs and 67.0K, 22.5K to 21.5K, and 19.5K to 18.0K proteins had antigenic determinants exposed on the surfaces of both B. ovis and rough B. melitensis cells but not on smooth B. melitensis cells. Antibodies to group 3 OMPs and the 67.0K protein in the sera of 93 and 87%, respectively, of B. ovis-infected rams were found by immunoblotting. Antibodies to other proteins were present in 67% of these animals. Compared with B. ovis-infected rams which had not developed lesions, rams with epididymo-orchitis had antibodies to a larger variety of proteins. Although ewes infected with B. melitensis also showed antibodies to OMPs, the immunoblot reactions were less intense.
Hepatic UDP‐glucose 13C isotopomers from [U‐13C]glucose: A simple analysis by 13C NMR of urinary menthol glucuronide

Menthol glucuronide was isolated from the urine of a healthy 70‐kg female subject following ingestion of 400 mg of peppermint oil and 6 g of 99% [U‐13C]glucose. Glucuronide 13C‐excess enrichment levels were 4–6% and thus provided high signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) for confident assignment of 13C‐13C spin‐coupled multiplet components within each 13C resonance by 13C NMR. The [U‐13C]glucuronide isotopomer derived via direct pathway conversion of [U‐13C]glucose to [U‐13C]UDP‐glucose was resolved from [1,2,3‐13C3]‐ and [1,2‐13C2]glucuronide isotopomers derived via Cori cycle or indirect pathway metabolism of [U‐13C]glucose. In a second study, a group of four overnight‐fasted patients (63 ± 10 kg) with severe heart failure were given peppermint oil and infused with [U‐13C]glucose for 4 hr (14 mg/kg prime, 0.12 mg/kg/min constant infusion) resulting in a steady‐state plasma [U‐13C]glucose enrichment of 4.6% ± 0.6%. Menthol glucuronide was harvested and glucuronide 13C‐isotopomers were analyzed by 13C NMR. [U‐13C]glucuronide enrichment was 0.6% ± 0.1%, and the sum of [1,2,3‐13C3] and [1,2‐13C2]glucuronide enrichments was 0.9% ± 0.2%. From these data, flux of plasma glucose to hepatic UDPG was estimated to be 15% ± 4% that of endogenous glucose production (EGP), and the Cori cycle accounted for at least 32% ± 10% of GP. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerejeira-da-Amazônia - Amburana acreana

Apresentacao do conteudo: Taxonomia e nomenclatura; Descricao; Ocorrencia natural; Clima; Solos; Sementes; Germinacao em laboratorio; Producao de mudas; Caracteristicas silviculturais; Conservacao de recursos geneticos; Crescimento e producao; Caracteristicas da madeira; Outras caracteristicas; Produtos e utilizacoes; Especies afins; Referencias
The effects of dose and diet on the pharmacodynamics of omeprazole in the horse

BACKGROUND Conflicting data are presented in the current literature regarding the efficacy of omeprazole for suppressing gastric acidity in the horse. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the duration of intraday acid suppression achieved with two doses of omeprazole under two different dietary conditions. STUDY DESIGN A four-way crossover design. METHODS Six adult Thoroughbred horses instrumented with percutaneous gastrotomy tubes were used. Intragastric pH was measured for continuous 23 h periods (08.00-07.00 h) for six consecutive days (Days 0-5). Baseline data was recorded on Day 0 and omeprazole administered on Days 1-5. Two doses (1 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg bwt per os once a day) and two diets (a high grain/low fibre [HG/LF] and ad libitum hay [HAY)] diet) were studied. Data for the percent (%) time pH was above 4 (%tpH>4) and median intraday pH was reported for two measurement locations and analysed using generalised estimating equations. RESULTS An effect of both diet and dose was evident with mean %tpH>4 and the mean of the median intraday pHs typically higher at the higher (4 mg/kg bwt) dose and in HG/LF diet. The overall efficacy of omeprazole in raising intragastric pH was good under the HG/LF conditions but relatively poor in the HAY diet. A cumulative effect of dosing, not previously reported in the horse, was observed. CONCLUSIONS The overall efficacy of omeprazole in raising ventral gastric pH was less than previously reported. Both dose and diet may play a role in the efficacy of omeprazole in the horse. Therefore, the use of singular dosing recommendations that encompass all horse types and management conditions may not be appropriate and dosing recommendations that take into account the diet of the horse may be advantageous.
Time‐dependent increases in protease activities for neuronal apoptosis in spinal cords of Lewis rats during development of acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by axonal demyelination and neurodegeneration, the latter having been inadequately explored in the MS animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The purpose of this study was to examine the time‐dependent correlation between increased calpain and caspase activities and neurodegeneration in spinal cord tissues from Lewis rats with acute EAE. An increase in TUNEL‐positive neurons and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in EAE spinal cords suggested that neuronal death was a result of apoptosis on days 8–10 following induction of EAE. Increases in calpain expression in EAE correlated with activation of pro‐apoptotic proteases, leading to apoptotic cell death beginning on day 8 of EAE, which occurred before the appearance of visible clinical symptoms. Increases in calcineurin expression and decreases in phospho‐Bad (p‐Bad) suggested Bad activation in apoptosis during acute EAE. Increases in the Bax:Bcl‐2 ratio and activation of caspase‐9 showed the involvement of mitochondria in apoptosis. Further, caspase‐8 activation suggested induction of the death receptor–mediated pathway for apoptosis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to caspase‐3 activation was also observed, indicating that multiple apoptotic pathways were activated following EAE induction. In contrast, cell death was mostly a result of necrosis on the later day (day 11), when EAE entered a severe stage. From these findings, we conclude that increases in calpain and caspase activities play crucial roles in neuronal apoptosis during the development of acute EAE. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Haemorrhage and hemicraniectomy: refining surgery for stroke.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intracerebral haemorrhage is a devastating cerebrovascular disease with no established treatment. Its course is often complicated by secondary haematoma expansion and perihemorrhagic oedema. Decompressive hemicraniectomy is effective in the treatment of space-occupying hemispheric ischaemic stroke. The purpose of this review is to assess the role of decompressive hemicraniectomy in intracerebral haemorrhage. RECENT FINDINGS After few small previous studies had suggested advantages by the combination of decompressive hemicraniectomy with haematoma removal, decompression on its own has been investigated within the last 5 years. Two case series and one case-control study in altogether 40 patients with severe spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage have shown mortality rates ranging from 13 to 25% and favourable outcome from 40 to 65%. SUMMARY Decompressive hemicraniectomy appears to be a feasible and relatively well tolerated individual treatment option for selected patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. Data are insufficient to judge potential benefits in outcome. A randomized trial is justified and mandatory.
Adaptive radiation of venomous marine snail lineages and the accelerated evolution of venom peptide genes

An impressive biodiversity (>10,000 species) of marine snails (suborder Toxoglossa or superfamily Conoidea) have complex venoms, each containing approximately 100 biologically active, disulfide‐rich peptides. In the genus Conus, the most intensively investigated toxoglossan lineage (∼500 species), a small set of venom gene superfamilies undergo rapid sequence hyperdiversification within their mature toxin regions. Each major lineage of Toxoglossa has its own distinct set of venom gene superfamilies. Two recently identified venom gene superfamilies are expressed in the large Turridae clade, but not in Conus. Thus, as major venomous molluscan clades expand, a small set of lineage‐specific venom gene superfamilies undergo accelerated evolution. The juxtaposition of extremely conserved signal sequences with hypervariable mature peptide regions is unprecedented and raises the possibility that in these gene superfamilies, the signal sequences are conserved as a result of an essential role they play in enabling rapid sequence evolution of the region of the gene that encodes the active toxin.
The Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation in Tropical Cyclones

AbstractPosition and intensity data from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) are combined with global, gridded precipitation estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) for the period 1998–2013 to study the diurnal cycle of precipitation in tropical cyclones. The comprehensive global coverage and large sample size afforded by the two datasets allow robust statistical analysis of storm-averaged diurnal variations and permit stratification of the data in various ways. There is a clearly detectable diurnal variation of precipitation in tropical cyclones with peak rainfall occurring near 0600 local time. For storms of all intensities the amplitude of the diurnal harmonic, which dominates the diurnal cycle, is approximately 7% of the mean rain rate. This corresponds to a peak-to-peak variation of about 15% over the course of the day. The diurnal cycle is similar in all ocean basins. There is evidence that the ampl.
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Measurements in the Differential Diagnosis of Adult Leukaemias

Summary. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT) is an unusual DNA polymerase that does not use template information to synthesize new strands of DNA. It is normally found in high concentration in thymus (50 u/108 cells) and in low concentration in bone marrow (< 5 u/108). We report TDT measurements in the marrow and/or peripheral blood of 51 adult patients, 28 of whom had leukaemia. TDT is present in very high levels (> 50 u/108 cells) in leukaemic lymphoblasts and in low levels in leukaemic myeloblasts (< 9 u/108 cells). Of two patients who developed lymphosarcoma‐cell leukaemia following treatment of poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, one had high and one low levels of TDT in the leukaemic blast cells. Leukaemic cells from three of seven patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in blast crisis had TDT levels within the range expected of acute lymphoblastic rather than acute myeloid leukaemia. High TDT in leukaemic cells probably marks them as derivatives of lymphoid progenitor, thymic or pluripotential stem cells. Quantitative assay of TDT may provide information useful in classifying haematological neoplasms.
African Development Bank Economic Research Working Paper Series Health Expenditures and Health Outcomes in Africa

This paper provides econometric evidence linking African countries’ per capita total as well as government health expenditures and per capita income to two health outcomes: infant mortality and under-five mortality. This relationship is examined, using data from 47 African countries between 1999 and 2004. Health expenditures have a statistically significant effect on infant mortality and under-five mortality. The magnitude of our elasticity estimates are in consonance to those reported in the literature. For African countries, our results imply that total health expenditures (as well as the public component) are certainly important contributor to health outcomes. In addition, we find that both infant and under-five mortality are positively and significantly associated with Sub-Saharan Africa. The reverse is true for North Africa. While ethnolinguistic fractionalization and HIV prevalence positively and significantly affect the health outcomes, higher numbers physicians and female literacy significantly reduce these health outcomes. These results have important implications for attaining the targets envisioned by the Millennium Development Goals. The data implications are also discussed. JOHN C. ANYANWU is Chief Research Economist, Development Research Department, African Development Bank, Temporary Relocation Agency, BP 323, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia, E-Mail: J.ANYANWU@AFDB.ORG ANDREW E. O. ERHIJAKPOR is Lecturer, Department of Accounting, Banking & Finance, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba, Nigeria E-Mail: erhijakpor@yahoo.com Comments are welcome; please send any communication directly to the authors. We thank Miss Lobna Bousrih, formerly of the Development Research Division, African Development Bank, for providing assistance in assembling the data.
Assessing type a behavior in 8-year-olds: Exploring the overlap between the constructs of type a behavior and hyperactivity

This study attempted to examine, by using behavioral observations, the overlap found between Type A behavior, as measured by the Matthews Youth Test for Health (MYTH) questionnaire, and measures of hyperactivity in children. The sample consisted of 91 children (46 boys and 45 girls) between the ages of 8 and 9 who were part of a longitudinal study in Uppsala. Sweden. Behavioral observations of Type A behavior and various questionnaire data were used, The behaviorally observed Type A behavior correlated significantly with MYTH Type A behavior, whereas only the MYTH Type A behavior correlated with hyperactivity measured by questionnaires. The results indicated that behavioral observations make it possible to measure Type A behavior as distinct from hyperactivity, implying that the MYTH is too indiscriminate a measure of Type A behavior. This has implications for future measurement and perhaps conceptualization of Type A behavior in children, and thereby also for studying the developmental aspects of Type A behavior.
The determinants of box office performance in the film industry revisited

The film industry is a significant player in the global economy. It calls for significant up-front investments with the result that analysts, studios and investors alike are interested in predicting box office success as part of financial risk management. This study utilises global box office revenue in assessing the effects of eight explanatory variables, identified from previous studies, in the explanation of revenue. Nearly three decades after the seminal study the extension of the original methodology to global rather than USA data, still confirms production cost, releases by major studios, award nominations and sequels to successful films as the key drivers of global box office revenue. The evidence further suggests that in the modern global context, the film genre, the release date around holidays and positive critical reviews play a less significant role than in the original investigation.
Leader-follower formation saturated control for multiple quadrotors with switching topology

This paper presents a distributed saturated formation control for a multiple quadrotors (UAVs) system with leader-follower structure. Each UAV has local and limited neighbors. Stability analysis for the multi-UAV system with fixed and switching topology is given, using the theories of convex hull and perturbed matrix. Simulation results show that the quadrotors with the proposed strategy can achieve consensus in presence of changeable leaders with switching topology. The real-time experiment shows that the quadrotors can track the desired formation trajectory by using the proposed formation strategy.
Clinical characteristics and microbiota of progressing slight chronic periodontitis in adults.

AIM This study sought clinical and microbial risk indicators for progressing slight periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and seventeen periodontally healthy or slight periodontitis adults (20-40 years) were monitored clinically at 6-month intervals followed by supragingival cleaning. Inter-proximal sites with >1.5 mm increase in clinical attachment over 18 months were considered disease active. Subgingival plaque was analysed by 78 16S rDNA and 38 whole-genomic DNA probes and by PCR to Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia. Characteristics were compared between active and inactive subjects. RESULTS Twenty-two subjects showed disease activity principally at molars. Mean baseline gingival and plaque indices, bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment level (CAL) were higher in active subjects. DNA probes detected species and not-yet-cultivated phylotypes from chronic periodontitis, although few species were associated with active subjects. By PCR P. gingivalis (p=0.007) and T. forsythia (p=0.075) were detected more frequently during monitoring in active subjects. Stepwise logistic analysis associated baseline levels of gingival index, clinical attachment and bleeding with subsequent clinical attachment loss. CONCLUSIONS Gingivitis and CAL were significantly associated with progressing slight periodontitis in 20--40-year-old adults. Species associated with moderate and advanced chronic periodontitis were detected in slight periodontitis.
Efficacité d'un seuil artificiel sur l'oxygénation de l'eau et l'élimination de CH4 contenu dans l'eau évacuée par la barrage hydroélectrique de Petit Saut (Guyane française)

Quelques mois apres le debut de la mise en eau du barrage de Petit Saut, la mise en service normale de l'usine conduisait a une desoxygenation de l'eau du troncon de riviere aval, le rendant incompatible avec la vie aquatique. La solution retenue a ete la construction d'un seuil, afin d'apporter de l'oxygene et d'eliminer les gaz reducteurs produits au fond de la retenue, notamment le methane, consommateur potentiel d'oxygene dissous. Un seuil metallique a deux lames deversantes successives a ete construit ; sa configuration prend en compte les principaux criteres physiques jouant un role significatif sur l'oxygenation de l'eau (hauteur de chute, epaisseur de la lame deversante, le dimensionnement du bassin de reception des chutes, la presence de dispositifs favorisant l'eclatement de la lame d'eau). Place dans le canal de fuite de l'usine, a une centaine de metres a l'aval du barrage principal, il est a l'abri des crues et ne cree pas d'obstacle supplementaire en riviere. L'article chiffre l'effet d'aeration de ce seuil pour les deux gaz O2 et CH4 dans deux configurations : celles consecutives a l'abaissement partiel de la chute amont realise en deux etapes. Apres decembre 2001, pour le debit moyen turbine (pres de 200 m3 /s), l'efficacite d'aeration du seuil a baisse de pres de 10 % (gain de 80 % en oxygene dissous et elimination de 70 % et 75 % du methane dissous). Apres fevrier 2003, pour un debit de 100 m3/s, 75 % du deficit amont en oxygene dissous est comble et pres de 70 % du methane dissous elimine.
Perception of Radiation Risk as a Predictor of Mid-Term Mental Health after a Nuclear Disaster: The Fukushima Health Management Survey

Predictive factors including risk perception for mid-term mental health after a nuclear disaster remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between perceived radiation risk and other factors at baseline and mid-term mental health after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster of 2011 in Japan. A mail-based questionnaire survey was conducted in January 2012 and January 2013. Mental health status was assessed using the K6 scale. Psychological distress over the 2-year period was categorized into the following four groups: chronic, recovered, resistant, or worsened. Most participants (80.3%) were resistant to the disaster. A positive association was found between the radiation risk perception regarding immediate effects and the worsened group in women. Baseline post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or a history of psychiatric disease predicted being in the chronic or worsened group in mid-term course. These results suggest that evacuees who believed that their health was substantially affected by the nuclear disaster were at an increased risk of having poor mid-term mental health in women. Careful assessment of risk perception after a nuclear disaster, including the presence of PTSD or a history of psychiatric disease, is needed for appropriate interventions.
Reconstruction of the dysplastic spastic hip with peri-ilial pelvic and femoral osteotomy followed by immediate mobilization.

All children with cerebral palsy who had a pelvic osteotomy performed by the senior author (F.M.) from 1989 through 1991 were reviewed. Indications for operative reconstruction were failed muscle lengthening in a child younger than 8 years or a painful hip. The operative procedure included adductor muscle lengthening, varus shortening femoral osteotomy, and peri-ilial pelvic osteotomy. Patients were immediately mobilized after surgery by physical therapy. Fifty-one children had reconstruction of 49 subluxated and 21 dislocated hips. Femoral and pelvic osteotomies were performed on 59 hips, and 11 hips had only a femoral osteotomy. Forty-nine hips had adductor muscle lengthening, and 27 hips had femoral osteotomy to provide for relief of contractures. At mean follow-up of 34 months, two hips in two patients had redislocated, requiring repeated surgery. Two hips remained subluxated and asymptomatic. Twenty-three hips in 18 patients were painful before surgery. One hip continued with severe pain after surgery, requiring further surgery. Three hips continued with mild pain not requiring surgery, and 14 (82%) hips had complete pain relief. Of 37 caretakers interviewed, 80% felt the procedure was beneficial and would recommend it to others. Eight percent were uncertain, and 6% (two caretakers) thought it was not helpful.