Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Training Load and Altitude on HRV Fatigue Patterns in Elite Nordic Skiers

In elite endurance sport, the goal of training is to optimally distribute intensity and load to improve aerobic capacity [11, 35], and it is known that this distribution has to be individualised [11]. Some training periods are characterised by very high training load (TL) aimed at the maximal stress supportable by the athlete, followed by periods of lighter TL in order to induce supercompensation. The monitoring of fitness and fatigue is essential, but it remains difficult to diagnose training-induced fatigue. It is complex to differentiate the fatigue instrumental in enhanced physiological adaptations from the fatigue that overtakes the recovery capacities of the athlete and leads to nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR) or overtraining (OTS) [20]. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been presented as a promising tool to differentiate fatigue states, and many studies have reported the influence of the training components (intensity and volume) on HRV due to a modulation in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity [2, 10, 14, 17, 20, 25, 46]. In a preceding study, we reported that HRV spectral analysis permits sorting four different patterns of fatigue in elite Nordic skiers [33], whereas a swimming Olympic champion displayed three different patterns [31]. Schmitt Laurent et al. Influence of Training Load . Int J Sports Med 2018; 00: 00–00 Influence of Training Load and Altitude on HRV Fatigue Patterns in Elite Nordic Skiers
Title of Paper: Application of real options thinking for the management of climate change risks

This paper examines real option thinking as a corporate adaptation strategy to dealing with climate change uncertainties. We propose that the core sustainability issue of climate change can be dealt with through the application of real options thinking as an adaptation strategy. This contribution is a conceptual approach which assesses the benefits of real options thinking in risk management at the case of climate change. Thus it offers a tool for decision makers to deal with climate change uncertainties. By applying real options thinking to the assessment of corporate adaptation strategies, this innovative approach brings a financial market discipline to the evaluation of a company's adaptation opportunities. We find that real options thinking is an appropriate heuristic for assessment and treatment of climate change risks. This paper adds to the growing body of literature which advocates the benefits of real options thinking. Furthermore, this paper contributes to the current literature on climate change adaptation and climate change risk. Introduction In the last decade, dealing with uncertainty has become a core issue in corporate decision making. Especially with regards to climate change, managers face a wide range of uncertainties concerning physical impacts, such as extreme weather events, as well as regulatory uncertainties, such as future climate change legislation. Real options offer a tool for investment decisions under uncertainty where the value of an investment is increased by the flexibility of future options. In such cases, decisions can be deferred or rescinded to improve upside potential and/ or contain downside losses of the investment. Generally categorised, real options confer possibilities either to purchase assets (call options) or divest assets (put options) in the future at prices that may be attractive relative to those faced by parties not holding options. Whereas financial options assign rights to buy or sell financial assets, real options have physical and knowledge-based resources as their underlying assets. (Miller and Waller 2003: 97). The actual logic of the real options approach is based on the perception that future investment opportunities are contingent on prior investment commitments. Thus, in contrast to net present value analysis, real options analysis incorporates the sequential nature of choice
Residual Momentum and Investor Underreaction in Japan

We document that the residual momentum strategy, which is constructed to hedge out the risk exposure to the Fama-French factors, is profitable in Japan for short-term holding periods. Residual momentum profits over long-term holding periods are insignificant but do not reverse, unlike traditional total return momentum strategies observed in the U.S. market. The findings in both shortand long-term holding periods are attributed to investor underreaction. The role of investor underreaction remains robust to the control of the confounding variables (such as institutional ownership, idiosyncratic volatilities, and firm age) that are known to lead investor limited attention. JEL Classification: G11; G12; G14.
The Economic Growth Catalyzers at the European Level, in the Context of the 2008 Financial Crisis

The research addresses the issue of identifying new catalysts for economic growth at European level, supporting the future mix of policies. It was analyzed, the nature of the intercorrelation between the economic indicators Gross Domestic Product (GDP and GDP per capita), conventionally assimilated to economic growth and relevant macroeconomic indicators, interacting in a complex manner (domestic credit, export of goods and services, Foreign Direct Investment ? net inflows, saving). In the first two parts of this paper we present the main challenges and macroeconomic evolutions at the European level, as well as, relevant aspects reflected in researches and representative studies for the issues addressed; the third part of the article includes the empirical study for 20 European countries over a period of 17 years, where, based on the use of the multiple regression model, we analyzed the correlations between the indicators for the Gross Domestic Product ? endogenous variables and the main macroeconomic country indicators ? exogenous variables (domestic credit, export of goods and services, Foreign Direct Investment ? net inflows, savings). Part four highlights the results of the research alongside other issues relevant to future analysis. The research reflects the evolution of economic growth, measured both by the change in GDP and by the change in GDP per capita that can be explained mainly for the data panel considered in the analysis, by means of two catalytic factors: the dynamics of the domestic credit, respectively that of the savings, variables with a lower degree of volatility.
BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE SCARLET IBIS ON CAJUAL ISLAND , NORTHERN BRAZIL

--The reproductive biology of the Scarlet Ibis (Eudocimus ruber) and White Ibis (E. albus) is well known from sites in North America, the Caribbean, and the Venezuelan llanos, but few data are available on the status or breeding patterns of the populations that inhabit South American mangroves. From 1992-1997, we monitored the status of a colony ofE. ruber in an area of mangrove in northern Brazil. The breeding population numbered 2000-3400 pairs. We did not find any significant population fluctuations between years; apparently, most birds attempted to breed each year, in contrast with freshwater-breeding populations. Clutch size was 1.97 + 0.17, lower than at more northern saltwater sites. The low variability of clutch size was surprising. Whole nest failure from catastrophic events such as storms, human predation, and nest desertion was responsible for most egg and nestling mortality. Partial mortality was rare. Singleton eggs and nestlings were frequently abandoned by adults following the loss of an egg or nestling. We conclude that this population pursued a strategy of brood survival rather than brood reduction which is usually observed in Eudocimus. This may have resulted from stable resource availability at this site. Given that northern populations often do not breed in unfavorable years, selection appears to have favored adult survival over reproductive capacity in this species. Human disturbance was intense, and it can threaten ibis populations both through direct predation and induction of nest desertion. BIOLOGiA REPRODUCTIVA DE LA POBLACION DE EUDOCIMUS RUBER EN LA ISLA DE CAJUAL EN EL NORTE DE BRAZIL Sinopsis. --La biologia reproductiva de Eudocimus tuber y de E. albus es bien conocida en localidades de Norteam6rica, el Caribe y los Llanos de Venezuela, pero existen pocos data disponibles sobre el status y los patrones de reproducci6n de las poblaciones que viven en manglares sudamericanos. Entre 1992 y 1997, estudiamos el status poblacional de nrta colonia de E. ruber en una regi6n de manglar en el norte de Brasil; en 1995 registramos tambidn el tamafio de puesta, la mortalidad de huevos y pollos (hasta los 20 dias), y el fracaso de nidos enteros. La poblaci6n reproductiva rue de 2000-3400 parejas. No rueton encontradas fiuctuaciones poblacionales sistematicas entre aftos, y la mayoria de las aves intent6 reproducirse cada afio, en contraste com lo observado en poblaciones que se reproducen en agua dulce. E1 tamafio de puesta rue 1.97_+0.17, menor queen localidades costeras ituadas mas al norte. La pequefia variabilidad del tamafio de puesta es sorprendente. Los fracasos de nidos enteros debidos a eventos catastr6ficos como tempestaries, predaci6n humana y la deserci6n de nidos pot los adultos, rueton las principales cansas de mortalidad. La mortalidad parcial rue rata. Los huevos y pollos finicos rueton frecuentemente abandonados pot los adultos despuds de Current address: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhdo, Av. dos Portugrueses, S/N, Campus Universiteirio do Bacanga, 65.080-040, Sdo Luis-MA, Brazil.
IMPROVE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY BY USING OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS ( CASE STUDY – ONE OF EGYPTIAN FOLDING CARTON PACKAGING PRESSES ) Name :

Most of Egyptian packaging companies have continual problems for balancing their production capacity with the ever changing sales and customer demands. They have been forced to accommodate to the customers’ needs through increased overtime. This problem has created breaks in the manufacturing process of the customers’ orders as well which cause late deliveries and partial shipments. The purpose of this paper is to review one of Egyptian folding carton packaging companies current production capacity restrictions (case study) and compare it to their sales and customers' demands. Reviewing the data will assist in configuring a long-term solution option. This paper will: 1. Evaluate the current production Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) of one sheet-fed offset printing machine. 2. Analyze the three main factors according to six big losses. As more important results, it has been found lack of preventive maintenance management, causing many stops breakdowns, low speed machinery. Also, takes long time of setup and make-ready of equipments, due to shortage of skilled operators. Furthermore, rejected of production resulting from the non-use of quality methods effectively. The researcher recommends to measure continuously overall equipment effectiveness to be able eliminate all of the big losses and continue to improve the printing productivity.
Use of Dynamic Assessment With Children in the Early Years Foundation Stage: A Review of the Literature

In England, the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) curriculum (ages 0 to 5) emphasises the use of a play-based approach, focusing on the needs, interests and developmental stages of children. Dynamic assessment (DA) represents an opportunity for educational psychologists (EPs) (Hill, 2015) to utilise a play-based approach for assessing the functional behaviour of children who find it difficult to engage with formal and static testing situations (Tzuriel, 2000). However, it is one of the least utilised methods in EP practice (Hill, 2015). Using systematic literature review methodology and research quality assessment frameworks, this paper examines the usefulness of DA with children in the EYFS. The review indicated mixed results for the usefulness of DA. DA added value to static assessments for cognitive and linguistic functioning, reduced the risk of biased assessment and contributed predictive information about later independence. Future research should explore EPs’ use of DA in the EYFS.
Muscle Metaboreflex Control Of Cardiovascular Function In Hypertension

MUSCLE METABOREFLEX CONTROL OF CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION IN HYPERTENSION by MARTY DANIEL SPRANGER August 2014 Advisor: Dr. Donal S. O’Leary Major: Physiology Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Skeletal muscle ischemia during or immediately following exercise leads to the accumulation of metabolites (e.g., lactate, proton and diprotonated phosphate) which activate chemoreceptive afferents within the muscle leading to a reflex increase in sympathetic outflow generating substantial increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO) and heart rate (HR) termed the muscle metaboreflex. When the reflex is activated during submaximal dynamic exercise, the pressor response occurs via increased CO with no net peripheral vasoconstriction. When metaboreflex activation is sustained during the recovery from exercise (i.e., post-exercise muscle ischemia – (PEMI)), whereas MAP remains elevated for as long as the ischemia is maintained, HR precipitously declines towards resting levels drawing into question the role of CO in supporting the pressor response. When the reflex increase in CO is attenuated (e.g., in heart failure), heightened peripheral vasoconstriction supports the pressor response. In hypertension (HTN), metaboreflex-mediated increases in ventricular function and CO are markedly attenuated during mild exercise. As sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) is exaggerated in both heart failure and HTN, it is plausible that the mechanisms mediating the attenuation of CO in HTN with muscle metaboreflex activation are similar
Beyond heart health: Consequences of obstructive sleep apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious condition associated with impaired quality of life, depression, drowsy driving and motor vehicle accidents, metabolic disease, and cognitive decline. The mechanisms accounting for OSA and metabolic disease include hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, and systemic inflammation. OSA appears to advance cognitive decline, and the relationship between the 2 conditions may be bidirectional. Treatment of patients with continuous positive air pressure therapy improves many of the impaired outcomes associated with OSA. Greater awareness, screening, and treatment of patients with OSA can reduce the negative consequences associated with OSA.
Noninvasive electrochemical antioxidant activity estimation : saliva analysis

Monitoring of the oxidant/antioxidant state of the biological objects plays an important role in the detection of serious diseases in the early stages, the choice of therapy and evaluation of its effectiveness. This parameter is very important for understanding the processes occurring at the interfaces (biointerfaces) in living organisms, in particular, lipid bilayers of cell membranes and cellular organelles (mitochondria), etc. Under normal conditions and in physiological concentrations, active oxygen/nitrogen forms (ROS / ANA) are involved in the growth, differentiation, development, and death of cells, as well as in a number of other bioregulation processes, as natural signaling molecules. With an excessive generation of ROS / ANA oxidative stress develops, the result of which is the processes of oxidative destruction, occurring mainly on the biointerface and leading to apoptosis of cells and the appearance of pathological conditions. Disbalance between reactive oxygen/nitrogen (ROS / RNS) generation and activity of the antioxidant defense system is the cause of oxidative stress (OS) appearing. Antioxidant activity (AOA) of biological objects, as an integral parameter, is an indicator of the OS intensity. The paper presents a hybrid version of electrochemical methods for the determination of AOA, including a chemical signal-forming reaction that precedes or proceeds simultaneously with the recording of an analytical signal. The source of information on AOA (analytical signal) is: the electrode potential shift that is observed when the sample is introduced into the mediator system-the mixture of 0.01M K3[Fe(CN)6] +0.0001M K4[Fe(CN)6] (potentiometric variant); the increment of K4[Fe(CN)6] oxidation current, resulting from the interaction of the AO, containing in the sample, with the oxidized form of the mediator system-10M K3[Fe(CN)6] previously introduced into the solution (chronoamperometric version). The method is applied to the analysis of saliva as a noninvasive alternative to invasive sampling blood fractions investigation. The existence of a relationship between oral diseases and the internal state of the body gives reason to believe that saliva’s AOA can serve as a source of information on common health problems. Recovery of antioxidant standard addition introduced into analyzed sample is not less than 85.0% in chronoamperometry and 85.3% in chronopotentiometry. Reproducibility (Sr≤8.87%). The values of Student's and Fisher's criteria (texp
ANovel Approach Using Time ‐ Depth Distortions to Assess Multicentennial Variability in Deep ‐ Sea Oxygen De fi ciency in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea During Sapropel S 5

Reconstructing millennial‐ to centennial‐scale climate variability for the Eemian—an interval with estimated sea surface temperatures ~0.5 °C warmer than “preindustrial”—requires records with high temporal resolution. Sapropel S5 sediments, deposited under anoxic conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, offer the rare opportunity to assess multicentennial climate variability during this time. Here we present high‐resolution S5 piston core data from the Nile delta region. Specifically, we focus on Ba/Ti, Br/Ti, and Mo/Ti, as they are proxies for paleo‐productivity, marine organic carbon, and sediment anoxia, respectively. A high correlation between our Ba/Ti values in core 64PE‐406‐E1 and well‐dated Ba records of nearby cores (LC21 and ODP967) was found. We, therefore, tuned our data to these cores obtaining an initial age model. A time‐frequency analyses indicated significant frequency content in the multicentennial band, although the frequency components drifted over time. Assuming spectral simplicity, we corrected for sedimentation rate changes on a multicentennial time scale. This novel approach grants a higher‐resolution age model. The resulting variability in sedimentation rate is similar to records of monsoon variability, indicating a possible link between sedimentation at the core location and low‐latitude monsoon variability, linked via the River Nile. Moreover, the periodicities found in the sapropel time series are similar to the frequency content of total solar irradiance and sunspot records known for the Holocene, at least at high frequencies (~50–150 years). Hence, our data suggest cyclic intrasapropel variability, at least during the deposition of sapropel S5, may be linked to solar cycles.
The treatment of diabetic macular edema: Current status and future perspectives

Diabetic macular edema is the main cause of moderate vision loss among diabetic population. Laser photocoagulation and intensive glycemic and blood pressure control have been the standard treatment approach for more than 20 years. However, in the majority of cases of diffuse and severe diabetic macular edema, the control of the disease is not satisfactory. The growing understanding of the multifactorial pathophysiology of macular edema encouraged the investigation of new therapies in the last decade. Both corticosteroids and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, pegaptanib, and aflibercept) were widely studied and showed satisfactory anatomical and functional improvements with acceptable safety profiles. Unfortunately, some of corticosteroids’ main adverse effects and the need for multiple intravitreal injections remain major concerns. Intravitreal sustained drug delivery systems were developed to reduce these and other drugand injection-related adverse events. Vitrectomy proves to be valuable only in a few selected cases, usually associated with vitreoretinal interface abnormalities. New laser delivery systems have been developed to reduce laser-related adverse events. Some experimental new drugs are also under investigation. The majority of reported studies have limited interest due to a short number of participants and a short follow-up. Also, their results are difficult to compare, due to different study designs and characteristics. The increasing number of reports and developing therapies shows the growing interest in this subject. A multi-modality approach may become the standard of care for a multifactorial disease as diabetic macular edema.
Regional Fast Rail and Regional Development: Irrigation or Desertification?

There is a distinct shift in Australian proposals for high speed rail (HSR) development. From the 1984 CSIRO proposal until recently, the focus of private and public sector HSR initiatives have been long distance intercity connections, typically including some or all of Melbourne, Canberra, Sydney and Adelaide. However, the Commonwealths Faster Rail program is funding business cases that connect regional cities to the eastern seaboard metropolises, signifying that HSR is no longer seen as a transport solution, it is a panacea for metropolitan growth problems and regional city economies. This article outlines the theory and international experiences of HSRs propensity to irrigate or desertify the regions, and points to the need for more than just transport services to ensure positive outcomes for regional communities.
Effect of Growing Period on the Agronomic Characteristics and Phenolic Content of Different Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ( Thunb . ) Mansfeld ) Cultivars Grown in Tunisia

Besides some agronomic characteristics, total phenolics and flavonoid contents of different watermelon cultivars (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansfeld), as influenced by two growing periods, were investigated. Fruits from plants grown under low plastic tunnel and open-field conditions were collected. Five watermelon cultivars (four commercial cultivars namely ‘Crimson Sweet’, ‘Dumara’, ‘Giza’, ‘Aramis’, and a new selection ‘P503’ produced by the National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia) were compared. The growing period significantly influenced yield, soluble solids, total phenolics and flavonoid contents of all investigated watermelon cultivars. The total phenolics in the watermelon cultivars ranged from 122.81 to 200.69 mg GAE kg 1 FW in early and full seasons, respectively. The flavonoid content ranged from 150.60 to 226.44 mg RE/kg FW in early (January May) and full (March July) seasons, respectively. The mean total phenolics and flavonoid contents of the five cultivars was 62 and 66% higher, respectively, in full season than in early season. This study indicates that the total phenolics and flavonoid contents of watermelon can vary considerably with changes in environmental conditions. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________