Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Essentials of Behavioral Research: Methods and Data Analysis

PART I: EMPIRICAL INQUIRY AND DECISION CRITERIACHAPTER 1: The Nature of Behavioral ResearchCHAPTER 2: Development and Testing of Research IdeasCHAPTER 3: Standards of Reliability and ValidityPART II: NATURE AND LIMITATIONS OF CONTROL PROCEDURESCHAPTER 4: Structure and Logic of Experimental DesignsCHAPTER 5: Models of Quasi-Experimental DesignsCHAPTER 6: Subject-Experimenter Artifacts and Their ControlPART III: DATA COLLECTION AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURESCHAPTER 7: Further Strategies for Gathering DataCHAPTER 8: Systematic Observation, Unobtrusive Measures, and Rating FormatsCHAPTER 9: Interviews, Questionnaires, and Self-Recorded DiariesPART IV: BASIC ISSUES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RESEARCHCHAPTER 10: Considerations in the Selection of Subjects and StimuliCHAPTER 11: Ethics and Values in Human Subject ResearchCHAPTER 12: Systematic Pluralism and Statistical Data AnalysisPART V: FUNDAMENTALS OF DATA ANALYSISCHAPTER 13: Describing and Displaying DataCHAPTER 14: CorrelationCHAPTER 15: Comparing MeansPART VI: MORE ON ANALYSIS OF VARIANCECHAPTER 16: Factorial Design of ExperimentsCHAPTER 17: Interaction EffectsCHAPTER 18: Repeated-Measures DesignsPART VII: POWER AND FOCUSED ANALYSESCHAPTER 19: Assessing and Increasing PowerCHAPTER 20: Blocking and the Increase of PowerCHAPTER 21: Contrast Analysis: An IntroductionPART VIII: ADDITIONAL TOPICS IN DATA ANALYSISCHAPTER 22: Meta-Analysis: Comparing and Combining ResultsCHAPTER 23: Chi-Square and the Analysis of TablesCHAPTER 24: Multivariate Procedures
High magnitude of diabetes mellitus among active pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia.

Aim: The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis at the University of Gondar Teaching Referral Hospital, northwest Ethiopia. Study Design: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was performed using the WHO structured diabetic assessment protocol. Place and Duration: The study included all active pulmonary tuberculosis patients visiting the University of Gondar Teaching Referral Hospital during the study period (October 2011 to November, 2012). Methodology: We included 199 consecutive active pulmonary tuberculosis patients; 117 of these were male and 108 were urban dwellers. Analyses of fasting blood glucose level were carried out using blood samples collected by finger puncture. For testing significance, categorical data were compared using a chi-square test and expressed as Original Research Article Article British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 4(3): 862-872, 2014 863 proportion with a 95% confidence interval. Result: The prevalence of diabetes was found to be 8.5 % [95%CI: 4.6– 12.5], which was higher (11.1%) among male than female participants (4.9%). Likewise, 10.2% of the patients were from urban and 6.6% from rural areas. The proportion of newly diagnosed diabetic cases was 52.9%, and all of them were between 25-44 years of age. The Prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 29.6%. The prevalence of HIV co-infection in the study population was 28.6% [95%CI: 22.3 34.9] and Diabetes was 4 times higher among HIV co-infected patients than among HIV-negative tuberculosis patients. Of all patients with active tuberculosis, 146 (73.7%) were sputum smear negative for acid fast bacilli. The proportion of diabetes was 9.6% among smear positive and 8.2% among smear negative cases. Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes among active pulmonary tuberculosis cases was higher compared to the published prevalence of DM in the general population. Therefore, it is important to implement an active case detection of diabetes among tuberculosis patients.
Evaluación espermática de semen de ovino tratado por la técnica de gradiente de densidad

8 1 INTRODUCCIÓN . 9 2 ANTECEDENTES . 11 2.1 Importancia del recurso Ovino . 11 2.2 Fisiología Reproductiva del Ovino Macho . 12 2.3 Inseminación Artificial en Ovinos . 13 2.4 Colección de Semen . 14 2.5 Evaluación de las características de una muestra seminal . 15 2.5.1 Color . 16 2.5.2 Aspecto . 16 2.5.3 Volumen . 16 2.5.4 pH . 17 2.5. 5 Motilidad Masal . 17 2.5. 6 Motilidad Individual . 17 2.5. 7 Concentración espermática . 18 2.5. 8 Morfología espermática . 19 2.5. 9 Vitalidad . 20 2.5.10 Integridad de la membrana espermática . 21 2.6 Diluyentes para semen . 22 2.6.1 Triladyl® . 24 2.7 Capacitación Espermática . 24 2.7. 1 Capacitación Espermática in vivo . 25 2.7. 2 Capacitación Espermática in vitro . 26 2.8 Técnicas de Selección Espermática . 27 2.9 Técnicas de Selección por Gradientes de Densidad con Ovipure . 28 2.10 Refrigeración del Semen de Carnero . 29 3 OBJETIVOS . 31 3.1 Objetivo General . 31 3.2 Objetivos Específicos . 31 4 HIPÓTESIS . 32 5 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS . 32 5.1 Lugar de Estudio . 32 5.2 Animales . 32 5.3 Diseño Procedimental . 33 5.3.1 Colección y toma de muestra . 35 5.3.2 Evaluación Macroscópica . 36 5.3. 3 Determinación de la concentración espermática y la motilidad masal . 36 5.3. 4 Preparación del diluyente y pre-dilución . 37 5.3. 5 División de los grupos de estudio: control y experimental . 38 5.3. 6 Aplicación de la técnica de gradiente de densidad . 39 5.3. 7 Determinación de la tasa de recuperación espermática . 40 5.3. 8 Dilución de las muestras de ambos grupos a la concentración deseada . 40 5.3. 9 Evaluaciones Microscópicas en tiempo cero . 41 5.3.10 Preparación y Envasado en Pajillas . 44 5.3.11 Refrigeración de las muestras . 45 5.3.12 Evaluación microscópica de las muestras refrigeradas por 24 horas. 46 5.4 Análisis Estadístico . 46 6 RESULTADOS . 47 6.1 Características Macroscópicas y Microscópicas de los eyaculados . 47 6.2 Determinación de la tasa de recuperación espermática . 47 6.3 Parámetros microscópicos de las muestras del grupo control y grupo experimental en tiempo cero . 48 6.3.1 Motilidad Individual . 48 6.3.2 Vitalidad . 48 6.3. 3 Anormalidades . 49 6.3. 4 Integridad de Membrana . 49 6.4 Parámetros microscópicos de las muestras del grupo control y grupo experimental después de 24 horas de refrigeración . 50 6.4. 1 Motilidad Individual . 50 6.4. 2 Vitalidad . 50 6.4. 3 Integridad de Membrana . 51 7 DISCUSIÓN . 52 8 CONCLUSIONES . 58 9 RECOMENDACIONES . 59 10 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS . 60 11 ANEXOS . 74 12 APÉNDICE . 92
A study on clinical and epidemiological profile of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) at a tertiary care center

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one of the common problems encountered by individuals in India. It can cause permanent hearing loss at a very early age if not treated at earliest. Objective: To study clinical and epidemiological profile of 123 CSOM cases observed at the S.S. Medical College & G.M. Hospital, Rewa. Materials and Methods: The present study was a case series of 123 patients of CSOM who presented to the S.S. Medical College and G.M. Hospital, from November 2012 to February 2013. Result: Male preponderance was seen with age ranging from 1 year to 70 years. Most patients 45(36.59 %) belong to the age group of 10–20 years. Most patients belong to poor socioeconomic status (SES class IV, V comprise more than three-fourth of patients). Most of the patients (81.30%) visited to an ENT specialist for the first time. Most of the patients belonged to rural background (65.04%). Bilateral CSOM was less frequent (only 17.07%). Safe CSOM was more common (89.43%) as compared to cases with unsafe CSOM (10.57%). Hearing complaints were present in 52.85 % cases. Conclusion: CSOM is a common condition in developing countries and requires support and cooperation of both medical professionals and patients for the proper and timely management of the problem.
Public healthcare governance in Hong Kong : a study on the emergence of hybrid physician managers

The emergence of hybrid physician managers in hospital management in western countries under New Public Management has attracted researchers’ attention in the past two decades. However, it is under-explored outside the West. As a former colony of Britain, Hong Kong has a legacy of the NHS-style universal public hospital system based on western medicine and a liberal profession of medicine. Similar to the UK, the 1990s and 2000s saw rapid changes in Hong Kong that aimed to modernize the healthcare sector in terms of efficiency and transparency/accountability. The landscape of healthcare governance in Hong Kong is in the same way shaped by the interplay between the state and professional powers. Although researchers in this field are commonly inspired by the Re-Stratification thesis that sees medicine as being divided into two groups, rank-and-file doctors and medical elites who enrol into the administrative and regulatory posts, only a few empirical studies focus on the identity work of hybrid physician managers as the pivotal players in healthcare reforms. Indeed, it is not only the capacity but also the loyalty of medical elites to their peers that decides whether or not the collective control of medicine on healthcare management can be preserved. Examining the Hong Kong case, this research aims to have the physician managers’ first person narratives on their management role in healthcare, with special attention to their social identification with professional colleagues and organizations. In view of a more sophisticated understanding of physician managers’ hybrid identities, a new analytical approach is developed based on previous studies. It is found that physician managers try to satisfice both professional and organizational values, while maintaining respective jurisdictions in policy making and clinical governance, as well as their primary self-identification as rationalizers or protectors of medicine, according to their manager roles as directorial and departmental managers.
Anthropometric variables affecting hemoglobin levels in high and low altitudes populations

Objectives: To determine the mean level of hemoglobin in a selected group of native highlanders and to compare it with their counterparts living at lowland and also to identify the relevant anthropometric variables which may affect the mean hemoglobin level in high and lowlanders. Method: Cross-sectional, randomized prospective study of 150 healthy normal Saudi Arab males, born and living permanently at high altitude, Alsoda (3150 meters above sea level) and 218 healthy normal Saudi Arab males born and living permanently at low altitude, Alraish (500 meters above sea level) villages in southern Saudi Arabia. Estimates of hemoglobin levels and hematocrit values (using cyanmethemoglobin method and microhematocrit tubes and centrifuges respectively) and measurement of weight, stature, midupperarm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness (using an Avery Beam Weighing Scale, Stadiometer, a fiber glass tape and Harpenden Caliper respectively) were made on high and lowlanders. In both groups estimates of fat mass and Fat free mass were made from the triceps skinfold measurements. Results: The mean hemoglobin level was significantly greater in highlanders (17.0 gm/dl ± 1.2) than in lowlanders (14.1 gm/dl ± 1.0) (P < 0.001). In both groups hemoglobin was found to be positively and significantly associated with hematocrit, stature, weight and fat free mass. Conclusion: The difference in hemoglobin levels between high and lowlanders was attributed to the enhanced erythropoietic drive of the chronic hypoxia of high altitude and possibly also to the higher incidence of tropical infections in lowlanders.
A Retrospective Comparison of Pre-Operative Computed Tomographic Angiography (CTA) Performed at 100 versus 120 kVp Tube Energies and Surgical Findings at Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy

C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Mittal P, Moreno CC, Li J, Newell K, Torres WE, et al. (2016) A Retrospective Comparison of Pre-Operative Computed Tomographic Angiography (CTA) Performed at 100 versus 120 Kvp Tube Energies and Surgical Findings at Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy. Int J Radiol Imaging Technol 2:017 Received: May 04, 2016: Accepted: July 16, 2016: Published: July 19, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Mittal P, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Mittal et al. Int J Radiol Imaging Technol 2016, 2:017 Volume 2 | Issue 2
Food patterns in intake of dietary fibre in small group of Croatian adults

The aim of this study was to determine the intake of total dietary fibre, soluble and insoluble dietary fibre, as well as their food sources. Additionally, a relationship between dietary fibre intake and intake of foods that do not contain dietary fibre was examined. Forty-five adult subjects (22-52 yr ; 28 women and 17 men) took part in the study. A method of 7-day weighed dietary records was used. An average daily total dietary fibre intake for the whole group was 21.0 g, i.e. 2.6 g/MJ. The mean soluble dietary fibre intake was 7.5 g. Cereals and products made the greatest contribution to daily dietary fibre intake (45% total, 53% soluble and 40% insoluble dietary fibre). This group of subjects had a mean daily consumption of fruits and vegetables of 482 g, and 241 g of cereals. Aside to an expected higher intake of fruits, vegetables and cereals, subjects with high intake of total dietary fibre (4th quartile), also had a higher intake of meat and products and fats and oils, as opposed to subjects from the lowest quartile of total dietary fibre intake. Daily intake of total dietary fibre is best correlated with intakes of vegetables (without potatoes) and cereals.
An Empirical Study of the Effects of Context-Switch, Object Distance, and Focus Depth on Human Performance in Augmented Reality

(ABSTRACT) Augmented reality provides its user with additional information not available through the natural real-world environment. This additional information displayed to the user potentially poses a risk of perceptual and cognitive load and vision-based difficulties. The presence of real-world objects together with virtual augmenting information requires the user to repeatedly switch eye focus between the two in order to extract information from both environments. Switching eye focus may result in additional time on user tasks and lower task accuracy. Thus, one of the goals of this research was to understand the impact of switching eye focus between real-world and virtual information on user task performance. Secondly, focus depth, which is an important parameter and a depth cue, may also affect the user's view of the augmented world. If focus depth is not adjusted properly, it may result in vision-based difficulties and reduce speed, accuracy, and comfort while using an augmented reality display. Thus, the second goal of this thesis was to study the effect of focus depth on task performance in augmented reality systems. In augmented reality environments, real-world and virtual information are found at different distances from the user. To focus at different depths, the user's eye needs to accommodate and converge, which may strain the eye and degrade performance on tasks. However, no research in augmented reality has explored this issue. Hence, the third goal of this thesis was to determine if distance of virtual information from the user impacts task performance. To accomplish these goals, a 3x3x3 within subjects design was used. The experimental task for the study required the user to repeatedly switch eye focus between the virtual text and real-world text. A monocular see-through head-mounted display was used for this research. Results of this study revealed that switching between real-world and virtual information in augmented reality is extremely difficult when information is displayed at optical infinity. Virtual information displayed at optical infinity may be unsuitable for tasks of the nature used in this research. There was no impact of focus depth on user task performance and hence it is preliminarily recommended that manufacturers of head-mounted displays may only need to make fixed focus depth displays; this clearly merits additional intensive research. Further, user task performance was better when focus depth, virtual information, and real-world information were all at the same distance from the user as compared to conditions when they were mismatched. Based on this …
Bilingual language development among the first generation Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands

Turks van immigranten goed bestand tegen taalverlies Gulsen Yilmaz heeft onderzocht in hoeverre Turks-Nederlandse tweetaligen in staat waren hun eerste taal te behouden na een langdurig verblijf in Nederland. Ze keek naar de talige en socio-demografische variabelen die het behoud van de eerste taal en de ontwikkeling van de tweede taal beinvloeden. Deelnemers aan de studie waren Turkse immigranten die naar Nederland migreerden als volwassenen en al tien jaar of meer in Nederland wonen. Haar bevindingen tonen aan dat de moedertaal goed bestand is tegen verlies, zelfs na een verblijf voor tientallen jaren in een tweedetaalomgeving. Yilmaz’ onderzoek laat zien dat volledig ontwikkelde en geautomatiseerde moedertaalsystemen bij tweetaligen deels veranderen als gevolg van het leren en gebruiken van een andere taal. Dit werd vooral gevonden in het lexicale domein. Tweetaligen leken minder controle over hun spraakgebruik te hebben en moeilijker toegang te krijgen tot lexicale items in vergelijking met eentalige sprekers van het Turks. De hoge mate van geautomatiseerd gedrag in de experimentele taken gaf aan dat het lexicale systeem van de tweetaligen nog intact was. Wat betreft het syntactische domein, was het vermogen van de informanten om zinnen met complexe inbeddingen te gebruiken nog binnen de eentalige norm, ondanks een intensieve en langdurige blootstelling aan de tweede taal. Al met al concludeert Yilmaz dat de uitbreiding van het taalsysteem door het leren van een tweede taal invloed heeft op de online taalproductie en niet op de taalkennis zelf. Van de externe variabelen bleek alleen meer Turks gebruik op het werk en een hoger opleidingsniveau samen te hangen met een betere toegang tot de woordenschat en het gebruik van meer complexe ingebedde zinsconstructies. Gebruik van het Turks met de familie en vrienden, het gebruik van het Nederlands of culturele en taalkundige voorkeuren bleken geen rol spelen in de veranderingen in de eerste taal. De invloed van de linguistische en socio- demografische factoren op Nederlandse taalbeheersing was gering en hetzelfde gold voor factoren als leeftijd bij aankomst, opleidingsniveau, professionele taalgebruik en het gebruik van Turkse in het gezin en met vrienden. De beste, maar niet heel sterke, voorspeller van de Nederlandse taalbeheersing was de voorkeurstaal van de sprekers. De bevindingen van deze studie toonden aan dat de moedertaal goed bestand is tegen verlies, zelfs na een verblijf voor tientallen jaren in een tweede-taalomgeving. De resultaten onderstrepen het belang van diepgaand onderzoek dat zoveel mogelijk dimensies (taalkundige, sociale, emotionele, politieke) meeneemt om de rol van externe factoren bij eerste en tweede taalontwikkeling van tweetaligen in samenhang zichtbaar te maken.
Systematic review of conservative or surgical treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation

Objective:To assess the conservative or surgical treatments of acromioclavicular dislocation.Methods:RCTs were identified from specialized trials registered in Cochrane muscle bone group,the Cochrane library,additional electronic search(including MEDLINE,EMBASE and CBM),and hand-searched for corresponding Chinese Journals.Data were extracted and evaluated.Results:Two published trials including a total of 144 patients met the inclusion criteria for the review,among which one trial had selection and measurement bias,while another,maybe,had slight bias.The mate analysis demonstrates that non-operative managements are better than operative managements according to return subjects to normal walking and take part in athletic sports,and that there have no different between the two methods according to rehabilitation of the physical function.Complications also have been reported in it.Conclusion:Conservative and surgical treatments being used to treat acromioclavicular dislocation,there are no significant differences according to rehabilitation of physical function,but the shorter recovery time and early return to work can be achieved with conservative managements.More trials with high quality on methodology are needed.
Skin Prick Tests and Dose Response Relationship between Pulmonary Function Tests and Chronic Exposure to Flour in Baking Industry

Background: flour dust is a respiratory sensitizer and chronic exposure to it could affect the pulmonary functions and stimulate allergic responses. Objectives: the objectives of this study were to: a) study the association between chronic exposure to flour among bakers and the prevalence of work related respiratory and allergic symptoms, b) assess allergic reaction to flour dust using Skin Prick Test (SPT), c) evaluate the existence of dose-response relationship between exposure to flour and the pulmonary function tests among Bakers. Subjects and Methods: The study was carried out on 60 bakers working at different bakeries at Dekernis, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt; and 30 control subjects. All participants were submitted to a self administered questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, general medical examination, chest examination; spirometry and SPT. Results: All work related respiratory symptoms were more prevalent among bakers compared to the controls (P Keywords: respiratory, allergic, skin prick test, flour , bakers
Suitability of imaging methods (X-ray, CT, MRI) in the diagnostics of osteosarcoma in children â analysis of own material

Osteogenic sarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma belong to the most frequent bone neoplasms of adolescence and childhood. Their most frequent locations are metaphyses and diaphyses of long bones. The first symptom reported by a child is pain that may be accompanied by swelling - the symptoms are nonspecific. The study analyses lesions found in imaging examinations (X-ray, CT, MRI) of 37 children with bone tumour with a confirmed histopathological diagnosis of osteogenic sarcoma. The analysis included the site of origin of the tumour, the extent of the lesion, the affected surrounding soft tissues, periosteal reactions.
Binding and functional properties of natural anti-T cell receptor antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Natural autoantibodies specific for the T cell receptor (TCR) are present in all human sera. Differences in titer, epitope specificity, and isotype depend on physiological condition, viral infections, or the presence of autoimmune diseases. Individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) make significantly higher titers of IgM isotype autoantibodies demonstrating major reactivity for the CDRl region of the vp TCR. To establish a more intimate understanding of the role of these antibodies in the immune system we generated B cell hetero-hybridomas secreting monoclonal IgM autoantibodies fi*om the synovial tissue and peripheral blood of RA patients. We report molecular and partial functional characterization of seven IgM anti-TCR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). These autoantibodies were selected on a recombinant TCR and peptide epitopes and bind JURKAT human T cell lines and a subset of CD3^ human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in flow cytometry experiments. The V regions of these antibodies were generally identical to germline sequences in both the heavy and the light chains and the heavy-chain CDR3 segments did not correspond to known antibody sequence. Three of these anti-TCR mAbs, 0R2, ORS, and Syn 2H-11, demonstrated an antigen specific binding property defined as epitope recognition promiscuity. The molecules did not act