Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accurate and Efficient Numerical Solution for Trans-critical Steady Flow in a Channel with Variable Geometry

The goal of this work is to extend finite volume schemes to the hyperbolic balance laws with geometrical source term. Mixed regions of flow are considered when a super-critical to sub-critical transition takes place and hydraulic jumps occur. In this work, the shallow water equations are used to solve the open- channel flow. The equations are converted to discrete form using cell centre finite volume method for triangular unstructured meshes. For obtaining stable numerical solution, the biharmonic operator that can be computed in some certain computational stages, but its value adds to the equations in all computational steps. For preventing excessively long run times, local time stepping is used, whereby the computations on individual cells are advanced by their own maximum allowable time steps. Using cell center finite volume method for discrete formulations, proper algorithm is adopted for accurate numerical solution by considering grids, boundary conditions transferring information between nodes and centeroids of cells. The accuracy of the computed results is validated by modeling mixed sub and super critical flow in a channel with variable bottom elevation and width. Comparison of the computed water elevation with analytical solution obtained from the theoretical solution for the frictionless free surface flow shows encouraging agreements.
Macroeconomic Effects of Unconventional Monetary Policy in the Euro Area

I estimate the dynamic effects of respectively traditional interest rate innovations and unconventional monetary policy actions on the Euro area economy. The results show that the Eurosystem can stimulate the economy beyond the policy rate by increasing the size of its balance sheet. The ultimate consequences on output and consumer prices are however more sluggish compared to interest rate innovations. Furthermore, the transmission mechanism via financial institutions - very likely the risk-taking channel - turns out to be different.
International Atomic Energy Agency THE ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS A DEGENERACY THEOREM FOR MEROMORPHIC MAPPINGS WITH FEW HYPERPLANES AND LOW TRUNCATION LEVEL OF MULTIPLICITIES

The purpose of this article is to give a theorem of the linear degeneration for meromorphic mappings of Cm into CPn with (2n+2) hyperplanes and multiplicities are truncated by (n + 1). MIRAMARE – TRIESTE April 2009 vtran@ictp.it; tranvantanhn@yahoo.com
Validity of Holocene Analogs for Ancient Carbonate Stratigraphic Successions: Insights from a Heterogeneous Pleistocene Carbonate Platform Deposit

Validity of Holocene Analogs for Ancient Carbonate Stratigraphic Successions: Insights from a Heterogeneous Pleistocene Carbonate Platform Deposit Colby S. Hazard Department of Geological Sciences, BYU Master of Science Observations of modern carbonate depositional environments and their accompanying depositional models have been used for decades in the reconstruction and interpretation of ancient carbonate depositional environments and stratigraphic successions. While these Holocene models are necessary for interpreting their more ancient counterparts, they inherently exclude important factors related to the erosion, diagenesis, and ultimate preservation of sediments and sedimentary structures that are ubiquitous in shallow marine carbonate environments. Andros Island, Bahamas is an ideal location to examine the validity of Holocene conceptual models, where geologically young (Late Pleistocene) limestones can be studied immediately adjacent to their well-documented modern equivalents. For this study, two 3D ground-penetrating radar (GPR) datasets (200 MHz and 400 MHz) were collected at a schoolyard in northwest Andros. These surveys reveal the geometries and internal characteristics of a peloidal-oolitic sand wave and tidal channel in unprecedented detail. These two prominent features are underlain by low-energy lagoonal wackestones and packstones, and are bordered laterally to the northwest by wackestones-packstones intermixed with thin sheets of peloidaloolitic grainstone. A deeper radar surface is observed at approximately 6 m depth dipping gently to the west, and is interpreted to be a karstified exposure surface delineating the base of a complete depositional sequence. Interpretation of the 3D radar volumes is enhanced and constrained by data from three cores drilled through the crest and toe of the sand wave, and through the tidal channel. This study is the first of its kind to capture the complex heterogeneity of a carbonate depositional package in three dimensions, where various depositional environments, sedimentary structures, and textures (mudstone to grainstone) have been preserved within a small volume. The results from this study suggest that the degree of vertical and lateral heterogeneity in preserved carbonate successions is often more complex than what can be observed in modern depositional environments, where sediments can generally only be observed in two dimensions, at an instant in time. Data from this study demonstrate the value of using two overlapping GPR datasets at differing resolutions to image the internal characteristics of a complete carbonate depositional package in three dimensions. From these datasets, a depositional model similar to other Holocene and Pleistocene carbonate depositional models is derived.
Motion of particles in a thermal boundary layer

In the course of using laser Doppler velocimetry to study combustion in a thermal boundary layer, the particle count rate was found to decrease abruptly to zero inside the boundary layer. Experimental and theoretical investigation of this phenomenon was carried out. The motion of the particles may be due to the combined effects of thermophoresis and radiative heating.
Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Mongolian Population, Inner Mongolia, China

Aim: To investigate the association between alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Mongolian population, China Methods: Data on demographic, lifestyle factors, family history of hypertension, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose for 2563 Mongolians aged 20 years or older were collected, and associations between drinking and risk of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression. Results: Age-gender-adjusted Proportions of type 2 diabetes were significantly lower in subjects drinking ≤25 g and 26-50 g alcohol per day than those in both non-drinkers and >50 g alcohol per day (1.21%, 0.31%, 4.31% and 6.23%, respectively), and multivariate adjusted odds ratio of type 2 diabetes associated with drinking 26-50 g alcohol per day was 0.11(95% confidence interval: 0.01-0.84) compared to non-drinkers, but odds ratio for drinking >50 g alcohol per day was not significant. Conclusions: Drinking 26-50 g alcohol per day was associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes among the Mongolian population.
COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMAGE TWIN SYSTEM AND THE 3T6 BODY SCANNER

Technology has radically changed the manner in which anthropometric data is collected. Consequently, the apparel industry along with others has begun to explore utilizing this technology to provide mass customization, improve ergonomical design, and an array of other applications. There is a need to better understand how these measurements coincide with comparable physical measurements. This study evaluated the body scan data rendered by two TC 2 scanners, the Image Twin (2T4) and the 3T6 in comparison to physical measurements. Results suggest that there has been significant improvement in the newer version, Image Twin, however there are still many areas that need to be explored further as is detailed in this article.
Interlocality variation in speed of moult in the Citril Finch Serinus citrinella

The speed of avian moult has been related to body condition, and this to habitat quality. These facts suggest a relationship between habitat quality and moult speed. We looked for evidence of such a relationship in the Citril Finch Serinus citrinella in the Pyrenees, where, because of a Mediterranean influence, there is an important bioclimatic contrast between north- and south-facing slopes of the same mountain. This contrast strongly affects the general body condition of birds there (higher body mass, fat score and survival on north-facing slopes). Citril Finches in the higher quality area moulted more rapidly (measured as residual wing raggedness) than those in the lower quality area, the two sampling localities being only 5 km apart. As the birds initiated moult at the same time in the two locations, this difference in speed cannot have resulted from a differential effect of photoperiod. This stresses the importance of habitat selection, even at very small scales, for the completion of moult.
The Brink: The Parent-Child Bond in the Genetic Revolution

NEW DISCOVERIES in human biology have already begun to affect the way parents, with their physicians and genetic counsellors, make decisions about parenthood and childbearing. While a storm of debate swirls about the morality of futuristic proposals for making "better" babies—in the genetic sense—some members of the first generation of parents in history are already crossing a borderline of decision-making, venturing out to use the knowledge obtainable from prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease in their unborn children. I refer specifically to the parents who enter genetic clinics and receive the technique of amniocentesis, which will be described fully below. The first stage of genetic medicine is already being institutionalized, insofar as amniocentesis for diagnostic purposes is no longer considered as "experimental," and a number of genetic clinics with supporting counselling units have been in operation for several years. James Sorenson has recently published the first results of his exploratory studies of the sociological factors which influence parents and genetic counsellors. The point I want to make in this introduction is that whereas genetic counselling has been primarily a verbal transaction based upon the analysis of pedigrees and the risks following the birth of genetically handicapped children, parents have begun to enlist in significant numbers as patients under the care of physicians who use more precise methods for detecting disease or abnormalities in the unborn fetus. The first installment of genetic medicine is upon us. Very grave ethical
On the Value Relevance of Banks’ Valuation of Goodwill in Times of Financial Turmoil

Banks’ valuation of goodwill has been questioned by analysts and the media. Analysts suggest that bank management as of the inception of the financial crisis have exploited the unverifiable fair value goodwill accounting opportunistically. This suggestion implicitly implies that bank management was more likely than management of other industries to exploit goodwill accounting during the financial turmoil. In this thesis, I test whether the value relevance of banks’ valuation of goodwill was affected differently than other industries during the financial turmoil. To do so, I use the value relevance of the pharmaceutical industry’s valuation of goodwill as a control group for banks. Further, I hypothesize that (1) banks’ valuation of goodwill was value irrelevant since investors should have impounded the information of the analysts in the stock price; (2) pharmaceutical industry’s valuation of goodwill was value relevant since the financial turmoil did not severely affect its core business. The empirical result of the study suggests that the goodwill valuation of both banks and pharmaceuticals was value relevant. Moreover, the empirical result indicates that banks’ valuation of goodwill was not less value relevant than the pharmaceuticals’ valuation of goodwill. In summary, banks’ valuation of goodwill seems to have been value relevant during the financial turmoil. JEL Classifications: M41; M21; G21; G15
Brand Experience on the Website: Its Mediating Role Between Perceived Interactivity and Relationship Quality

ABSTRACT This study examined the mediating effect of brand experience on the linkage between perceived interactivity of a website and relationship quality with the brand in the online marketplace. The proposed mediation model was tested with online survey data collected from 265 college students. With the use of a mediation test, this study found that active control and two-way communication features of interactivity led to more positive brand experience, which subsequently influenced relationship quality with the brand. Contrary to our expectations, a perceived synchronicity feature was not found to be related to either brand experience or relationship quality with the brand. This study highlights the important role of brand experience on the website in enhancing consumer–brand relationship building and aids e-marketers to develop digital strategies in designing more interactive brand websites, which can improve brand experience on the website and relationship quality with the brand.
Financial Development: A Fillip or Impediment to Nigeria's Economic Growth

T Over the years, substantial theoretical and empirical studies have been conducted on the financial development-economic growth nexus. While a strand of the literature has found a positive linkage between this critical nexus, the other suggests otherwise. This study contributes to the debate by examining the finance-growth nexus for Nigeria using the bounds testing approach to cointegration within an ARDL framework proposed by Pesaran et al. (2001) and the augmented Granger causality test developed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). Empirical evidence reveals that financial development significantly affects economic growth in the short and long run. The major implication for our study therefore is that financial regulatory institutions need to be strengthened to better maximize the gains from financial development especially its role towards real sector development and job creation for the growing population.
The Relationship between Speaking Anxiety and Oral Fluency of Special Education Arab Learners of English

The current study aimed at investigating the relationship between speaking anxiety and oral fluency of Arab intermediate school students. It also investigates the differences between male and females students in speaking anxiety profile and their oral fluency performance. The sample of the study consists of (121) students in intermediate school in the state of Kuwait (68 males and 53 females). The mean age of the sample is (9.74) years and standard deviation is (1.46) years. The descriptive research design was used. The researcher used speaking anxiety scale that was developed by Berko et al. (2004) and an oral fluency skills interview. Results of the study showed that there are positive relation between student speaking anxiety and their performance in oral performance skills of male students and the total sample of the study. It is also found that no relations were found between female students speaking anxiety and their oral fluency performance. Findings indicated that there were statistically significant differences between male and female students in oral fluency in favor of male students. Whereas, no statistically significant differences were found between male and female students in their speaking anxiety.
The effect of rotation on the buoyant rise of magnetic flux tubes in accretion disks

The dynamics of buoyant magnetic flux tubes in thin accretion disks is studied under isothermal conditions by means of numerical simulations. The influence of rotation on the rising behavior of the flux tube is examined and the role of a weak magnetic field line twist within the tube is investigated. By employing the adaptive mesh code NIRVANA the 3D simulations have effective resolution higher than in any previous numerical work on that topic. The fate of the flux tube strongly depends on the presence or absence of rotation respective differential rotation. Rotation effectively slows down the vertical ascend of the flux tube largely as a consequence of the Coriolis force acting on the surrounding flow which, in turn, reacts upon the tube. The detailed behavior also depends on the amount of twist. In accretion disks, a weakly twisted flux tube is disrupted and its rise is halted due to the impact of the magnetic shear instability which is driven by the interaction between the background rotational shear flow and (poloidal) twist field. As a consequence, the magnetic structure is captured in the inner disk region (z < H0, H0: disk scale height) a much longer time than suggested by the buoyant time scale in a non-rotating atmosphere. Untwisted accretion disk flux tubes do not break up quickly into pieces, as was found for corresponding tubes embedded in a non-rotating environment, but retain some degree of coherence albeit the stabilizing effect of twist is missing. In general, the numerical results are in gross contradiction to what postulates a highly simplified 1D picture based on the thin flux tube approximation.
Gastric lavage for dietary studies of small fishes: Efficiency, survival and applicability

Studies on feeding ecology provide information of great importance to the understanding of aquatic ecosystems. However, these studies usually require the sacrifice of animals. In view of this problem, the presently reported study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of the gastric lavage method for small catfishes. There was no mortality recorded for the 80 specimens of Rhamdia quelen (Quoy et Gaimard, 1824) and after recovery from anaesthesia all fish presented a normal swimming pattern. With the gastric lavage method we were able to retrieve 71.4% of the stomach contents of 34 specimens of Pimelodella pappenheimi Ahl, 1925. These results serve as a stimulus for studies prioritizing non-lethal techniques. These methods would ensure greater knowledge about ecology and conservation of smaller fishes, especially to populations of small and rare species that are the most endangered in freshwater systems.
Dynamic Flight Maneuvering Using Virtual Control Surfaces Generated by Trapped Vorticity

Abstract : This MURI program addressed integrated closed-loop control of flow and dynamic maneuvering for small UAVs without moving control surfaces. Forces and moments were varied using synthetic jet actuators to effect vorticity generation/accumulation near lifting surfaces, with sensing provided by surface-mounted pressure and flow-direction sensors, and a reduced-order model (ROM) of vorticity dynamics coupled to and integrated with a vehicle dynamics model in an adaptive control architecture.
Characterization of the common bean host and Pseudocercospora griseola, the causative agent of angular leaf spot disease in Tanzania

Angular leafspot (ALS), caused by the fungus, Pseudocercospora griseola, is one of the most important disease of common bean in Tanzania. Breeding for resistance to this disease is complicated by the variable nature of the pathogen. In Tanzania, a thorough analysis of the variability of this pathogen is lacking which limits breeding for durable resistance. This work aimed at characterizing P. griseola in relation to its host in Tanzania. A sample collection of both P. griseola and common bean was conducted in the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons from nine regions. Single spore isolation was performed for P. griseola isolates and DNA was extracted from both P. griseola mycelium and bean leaves from which the pathogen was collected. For characterization of the gene pool origin of the host, Phaseolin DNA marker was evaluated and for the pathogen, the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS) and the Actin gene sequences were evaluated. Phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of 69.7% Andean and 30.3% Mesoamerican strains of P. griseola in Tanzania. The common bean host genotypes showed a similar distribution with 84.2% Andean and 15.8% Mesoamerican. In both cases, Andean strains of the pathogen and Andean bean genotypes outnumbered Mesoamerican. In relation to the common bean genotypes, Andean genotypes were more susceptible to ALS as compared to Mesoamerican genotypes. There were few strains that were of Andean origin but were pathogenic on Mesoamerican common bean genotypes, a group that has previously been termed Afro-Andean. Geographically, most of the regions of Tanzania had only Andean strains except for Kagera where 60% were Mesoamerican strains, and in Arusha and Tanga, where 50 and 33% were Mesoamerican, respectively. Only three regions, Kagera, Mbeya and Rukwa, were found to grow Mesoamerican beans. The findings of this study are important in setting basic objectives for breeding for angular leaf spot disease in Tanzania. Key words: Actin gene, angular leaf spot (ALS), Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS), Phaseolin protein, Phaseolus vulgaris.
Conservative cosmology: combining data with allowance for unknown systematics

When combining data sets to perform parameter inference, the results will be unreliable if there are unknown systematics in data or models. Here we introduce a flexible methodology, BACCUS: BAyesian Conservative Constraints and Unknown Systematics, which deals in a conservative way with the problem of data combination, for any degree of tension between experiments. We introduce parameters that describe a bias in each model parameter for each class of experiments. A conservative posterior for the model parameters is then obtained by marginalization both over these unknown shifts and over the width of their prior. We contrast this approach with an existing method in which each individual likelihood is scaled, comparing the performance of each approach and their combination in application to some idealized models. Using only these rescaling is not a suitable approach for the current observational situation, in which internal null tests of the errors are passed, and yet different experiments prefer models that are in poor agreement. The possible existence of large shift systematics cannot be constrained with a small number of data sets, leading to extended tails on the conservative posterior distributions. We illustrate our method with the case of the H0 tension between results from the cosmic distance ladder and physical measurements that rely on the standard cosmological model.
The effect of grazing intensity and supplementation on performance, stress indicators and metabolic profiles of finishing lambs

In the present study, the effect of grazing intensity (GI) and feed supplementation in sixty-four crossbred Santa Ines lambs was assessed based on performance, blood stress indicators, and metabolic profiles. The GIs analyzed were VH = very high, H = high, L = low, and VL = very low, and were represented by the residual leaf area index (LAIr). The lambs were divided into two groups, supplemented (SP) and non-supplemented (NSP). The dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) increased linearly with decreasing GI (P 0.05). The neutrophil:lymphocyte (N:L) ratio decreased linearly with GI (P 0.05), except albumin, where the SP group had a higher concentration of this metabolite (P 0.05). It was concluded that GI and SP modified the performance, stress indicators, and metabolic profiles of finishing lambs.
Financial Analysts' Forecast Accuracy : Before and After the Introduction of AIFRS

We examine whether financial analysts’ forecast accuracy differs between the preand postadoption of Australian Equivalents to the International Financial Reporting Standards (AIFRS). We find that forecast accuracy has improved after Australia adopted AIFRS. As a secondary objective, this paper also investigates the role of financial analysts in reducing information asymmetry in today’s Australian capital market. We find weak evidence that more analysts following a stock do not help to improve forecast accuracy by bringing more firm-specific information to the market.