Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Luliconazole Retention in Stratum Corneum and Prevention of Fungal Infection in a Guinea Pig Tinea Pedis Model.

OBJECTIVE To compare drug concentrations in the stratum corneum following daily application of luliconazole and terbinafine cream in a guinea pig tinea pedis model. METHODS Luliconazole 1% cream or terbinafine 1% cream were topically applied once daily to hind limbs of guinea pigs for 14 days. Drug concentration in stratum corneum of plantar skin was measured by HPLC-UV on days 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14. Separately, creams were applied daily for 5 days to the hind limbs of guinea pigs and skin drug release determined. In addition, drug retention in the stratum corneum was assessed by infecting guinea pigs with Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 14 and 21 days after a single application of luliconazole or terbinafine creams. RESULTS Luliconazole stratum corneum concentrations were higher than those of terbinafine throughout the study. Concentrations of luliconazole and terbinafine were 71. 6μg/g and 36. 6μg/g, respectively, after a single application (P<.05), reaching steady state after 10 days. Cumulative release of luliconazole from the stratum corneum was 4.5 times greater than with terbinafine. Unlike terbinafine, no fungal invasion of the stratum corneum was seen 14 days post-treatment with luliconazole. CONCLUSIONS Drug concentrations of luliconazole in the stratum corneum and subsequent release are greater than those achieved with terbinafine and may contribute to clinical efficacy. Luliconazole may also provide greater protection against disease recurrence.
Bone mineral density in prepubertal and in adolescent and young adult patients with the salt-wasting form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in prepubertal and in adolescent and young adult patients with the salt-wasting form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). DESIGN A relationship between bone mineral content and risk for osteoporotic fractures has been observed in adulthood. Infancy, childhood, and adolescence are critical periods for skeletal mineralization; thus, chronic diseases may impair bone mass peaking, particularly if children and adolescents are overexposed to glucocorticoids, as may occur in patients with CAH. Lumbar L2-L4 BMD values were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry and compared with those of 471 age- and sex-matched controls. PATIENTS Thirty-three patients with the salt-wasting form of CAH were studied. Sixteen (10 girls and 6 boys; age range, 1.5 to 8.3 years) were prepubertal and 17 (13 women and 4 men; age range, 17.1 to 28.2 years) were adolescent and young adults who had reached final height and had presented normal pubertal development and normal gonadal function thereafter. The average doses of hydrocortisone (mg/m body surface/day) received from diagnosis in the neonatal period to BMD evaluation were 21.2 +/- 2.2 and 22.3 +/- 2.6, respectively. RESULTS Mean BMD Z score values were 0.16 +/- 1.01 in prepubertal patients and 0.06 +/- 1.02 in adolescent and young adult patients with no statistically significant differences with age- and sex-matched controls. Mean height Z score values were -0.03 +/- 1.13 in prepubertal patients and -1.13 +/- 0.62 in adolescent and young adult patients with significant differences between the latter and their respective age- and sex-matched controls. CONCLUSION Long-term glucocorticoid therapy does not impair bone mass peaking in CAH patients with normal gonadal function, even though their adult height values are low.
The Influence of Exercise Duration at V̇O2 max on the Offtransient Pulmonary Oxygen Uptake Phase During High Intensity Running Activity

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of time run at maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2 max) on the offtransient pulmonary oxygen uptake phase after supra-lactate threshold runs. We hypothesised: 1) that among the velocities eliciting V̇O2 max there is a velocity threshold from which there is a slow component in the V̇O2-off transient, and 2) that at this velocity the longer the duration of this time at V̇O2 max (associated with an accumulated oxygen kinetics since V̇O2 can not overlap V̇O2 max), the longer is the offtransient phase of oxygen uptake kinetics. Nine long-distance runners performed five maximal tests on a synthetic track (400 m) while breathing through the COSMED K4b2 portable, telemetric metabolic analyser: i) an incremental test which determined V̇O2 max, the minimal velocity associated with V̇O2 max (μV̇O2 max) and the velocity at the lactate threshold (vLT), ii) and in a random order, four supra-lactate threshold runs performed until exhaustion at vLT + 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the difference between vLT and μV̇O2 max (vΔ25, vΔ50, vΔ75, vΔ100). At vΔ25, vΔ50 (= 91.0 ± 0.9% μV̇O2 max) and vΔ75, an asymmetry was found between the V̇O2 on (double exponential) and off-transient (mono exponential) phases. Only at vΔ75 there was at positive relationship between the time run at V̇O2 max (%tlimtot) and the V̇O2 recovery time constant (Z = 1.8, P = 0.05). In conclusion, this study showed that among the velocities eliciting V̇O2 max, vΔ75 is the velocity at which the longer the duration of the time at V̇O2 max, the longer is the off-transient phase of oxygen uptake kinetics. It may be possible that at vΔ50 there is not an accumulated oxygen deficit during the plateau of V̇O2 at O 2 max and that the duration of the time at V̇O2 max during the exhaustive runs at vΔ100, could be too short to induce an accumulating oxygen deficit affecting the oxygen recovery.
High School Counselors' Support and Latina/o Students' Career Development.

The current study examined the impact of high school counselors’ support of Latina/o students’ career development outcomes. We used a quantitative, predictive design to explore Latina/o students’ vocational self-efficacy and outcome expectations. Perceptions of investment, accessibility, positive regard, appraisal, and expectations from school counselors did not impact Latina/o students’ vocational self-efficacy or outcome expectations. In addition to a discussion regarding the importance of these findings, implications for school counselors and researchers are offered.
The prion protein in normal cells and disease

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are also known as prion diseases. The unusual infectious agent is composed largely, if not entirely, of a proteinase resistant aberrantly folded isoform of the prion protein (PrPSc). PrPSc, through an unknown mechanism, is believed to impose its aberrant conformation onto the host-encoded cellular prion protein, PrPC. The infectious particle is designated a "prion", an acronym for proteinaceous infectious particle, to distinguish it from conventional pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. The essential role of PrPC in the pathogenesis of prion diseases motivated the detailed study of the cellular processing, turnover and release of bovine PrPC (boPrPC) performed in this thesis. BoPrPC was found to be subjected to two distinct proteolytic cleavage events, generating an N-terminal and a C-terminal boPrPC fragment. Both PrP fragments were released from the cell. Moreover, in normal bovine brain a C-terminal fragment was found, suggesting that similar proteolytic processing events occur in vivo. The finding that boPrPC in addition to a protease-mediated release also was released in association with exosomes, provide important information in relation to functional aspects of PrPC and possible roles of exosome-associated PrP in pathogenesis of prion diseases. Taken together, these results indicate that release of boPrPC from cells represent an important step in the normal cellular processing of boPrPC. Nor98 is a recently recognised prion disease in sheep. The molecular characterization of the Nor98 prion showed that the unique PK-resistant PrP fragments present in Nor98-affected sheep display striking similarities to those reported from individuals affected by the human prion disorder Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS). Interestingly, GSS is always associated with amino acid substitutions in the PrP. Differently, no disease-causing changes in the PrP of Nor98-affected sheep have been found in the affected sheep in Sweden. These findings together with observations of a distinct epidemiology, suggest that Nor98 could be the result of a spontaneous conversion of PrPC into PrPSc, similar to that proposed for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and sporadic fatal insomnia.
Role of Positive Affective Experiences of Transformational Leaderships Impact and Incentives for Creative Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors

This research employed an interactionist approach to demonstrate the way that trait PA affects TL and, as a result, affect OCB and creative behavior. The methodological approach of this research is a Quantitative survey of 212 employees and their direct managers from the west of education of Iran in Marivan city. Finding show that the results support the hypothesized moderation effect. A transformational leader who possesses high trait PA may have a stronger relationship with a follower with high trait PA. Therefore, the positive influence of transformational leadership on creative performance was significantly reduced for followers who were higher on the trait PA (ΔR2 =. 03, p
Evaluation of different laparoscopic sterilization techniques in a canine birth control program

Three laparoscopic sterilization techniques under xylazine-ketamine anesthesia were evaluated at a 10 mmHg pressure gradient of CO2 in 60 mongrel bitches, equally divided into 3 groups (A, B, and C). Laparoscopic bilateral oopherectomy was done in group A, laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy by endoclip and electrocautery in group B, and sterilization by electrocautery in group C. All of the animals recovered from anesthesia smoothly after the completion of laparoscopic surgery. Intraoperative observations revealed good visualization of the reproductive organs at 10 mmHg of pressure in the Trendelenburg position. Comparison among the various laparoscopic techniques revealed a more effective hemostasis with titanium endoclip and electrocautery in the animals of groups A and B. No immediate postlaparoscopic complications were observed in any animal. Hemato-biochemical and physiological parameters did not reveal any significant changes in these animals during the postoperative period. In all of the groups, effective removal of ovaries was correlated with a postoperative decrease of plasma estrogen and progesterone level. Laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy by endoclip and electrocautery was found to be better than the other 2 techniques.
Peekaboo across Cultures: How Mothers and Infants Play with Voices, Faces, and Expectations

A young mother catches her nine-month-old infant's gaze, smiles atl him, and brings her hands slowly up and together to cover her eyes. "Uphi? Uphi? " ("Where? Where? ") she asks brightly, with high ris­ ing pitch. The baby stares transfIxed at his mother's hands, a small smile of anticipation beginning to spread on his face as the sus­ pense builds over three seconds. "Na-a-a-a-a-n hut" ("Here! ") ex­ claims the mother, uncovering her eyes on the "hut" and grinning broadly at her son, who shows his pleasure with hearty laughter. The language is Xhosa, a Bantu click language, and the scene is a mud-walled hut in a rural village in the Ciskei homeland of South Africa. Worlds away in a Thkyo apartment, a Japanese mother plays out the same little drama with her twelve-month-old daughter. She covers her eyes with a cloth, then chants "Inai inai bat" as she pulls the cloth away to reveal her face to the delighted child. The words and the vocal melody of the game are different in Xhosa and Japa­ nese, but the rhythm, dynamics, and shared pleasure in the inevi­ table outcome are fundamentally similar. The peekaboo game as played by American mothers and infants has been studied from a variety of theoretical and empirical per­ spectives. Observers with a psychoanalytical bent have speculated that playing peekaboo helps the infant to master anxiety aroused when the mother disappears (e.g., Call and Marschak 1966; Klee­ man 1967). Experimental psychologists have manipulated the de­ gree of response uncertainty and contingency within the peekaboo
Increase in orthotopic murine corneal transplantation rejection rate with anterior synechiae.

PURPOSE To evaluate the immunologic effect of anterior synechiae (AS) in a murine model of corneal transplantation. METHODS Orthotopic penetrating keratoplasty with 12 interrupted sutures was performed on C57BL/6 donor mice and BALB/c recipient mice without AS (AS- group). In contrast to suturing in the AS- group, 3 of the 12 sutures were placed to create AS (AS+ group). The average graft opacity scores and rejection rates of both groups were compared. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) reactions and delayed hypersensitivity (DH) were evaluated 3 weeks after transplantation. Corneal cytokine expression was evaluated. RESULTS The opacity scores of the AS+ group were consistently greater than those of the AS- group, and the rejection rate of the AS+ group was significantly greater than that of the AS- group (86% versus 54%, P = 0.03). The AS+ group had significantly higher CTL activity compared with the AS- group. There was no significant difference in DH between the two groups. The cytokine expression pattern in the AS+ group became similar to that of the AS- group in which the grafts were rejected. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that AS impairs ocular immune privilege by mediating CTL activity, but without intensifying the DH response. Therefore, AS is a critical risk factor in allograft rejection in a murine model of corneal transplantation.
miR‐223: infection, inflammation and cancer

Expression of the microRNA miR‐223 is deregulated during influenza or hepatitis B infection and in inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, leukaemia and lymphoma. Although this may also be the result of the disease per se, increasing evidence suggests a role for miR‐223 in limiting inflammation to prevent collateral damage during infection and in preventing oncogenic myeloid transformation. Validated targets for miR‐223 that have effects on inflammation and infection include granzyme B, IKKα, Roquin and STAT3. With regard to cancer, validated targets include C/EBPβ, E2F1, FOXO1 and NFI‐A. The effect of miR‐223 on these targets has been documented individually; however, it is more likely that miR‐223 affects multiple targets simultaneously for key processes where the microRNA is important. Such processes include haematopoietic cell differentiation, particularly towards the granulocyte lineage (where miR‐223 is abundant) and as cells progress down the myeloid lineage (where miR‐223 expression decreases). NF‐κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome are important inflammatory mechanisms that are dampened by miR‐223 in these cell types. The miRNA can also directly target viruses such as HIV, leading to synergistic effects during infection. Here we review the recent studies of miR‐223 function to show how it modulates inflammation, infection and cancer development.
Induction of TLR Tolerance in Human Macrophages by Adiponectin: Does LPS Play a Role?

Obesity is regarded as a pro‐inflammatory state. It is associated with low circulating levels of the adipokine, adiponectin, which is considered to be an anti‐inflammatory. However, adiponectin knockout mice do not consistently demonstrate pro‐inflammatory phenotypes, suggesting more complexity in the in vivo immunomodulatory effects of adiponectin than originally anticipated. Moreover, adiponectin exerts pro‐inflammatory effects in some experimental systems. This contradiction has been resolved by hypothesizing that adiponectin induces tolerance to inflammatory stimuli, notably Toll‐like receptor (TLR) ligands. We noticed that this effect resembled lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance and therefore tested adiponectin from a variety of sources for LPS contamination. All adiponectin tested carried low levels of LPS in the range of 1–30 pg/μg of adiponectin, sufficient to produce final LPS concentrations in the pg/ml range under experimental conditions. We found that induction of tolerance to TLR ligands by adiponectin in human monocyte‐derived macrophages could be reproduced by such LPS concentrations. Moreover, the LPS antagonist, polymixin B, substantially inhibited induction of tolerance by adiponectin. Furthermore, polymixin B and a naturally occurring antagonist LPS were able to partially attenuate induction of tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 in human monocyte‐derived macrophages by adiponectin. Polymixin B also inhibited nuclear factor‐κB and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling elicited by adiponectin. We therefore propose that some of adiponectin’s immunomodulatory effects, in particular, its TLR‐tolerising actions in human monocyte‐derived macrophages, may be confounded by induction of tolerance by contaminating LPS.
Eccentric and concentric torques of knee and elbow extension in young and older men.

The purpose of this study was to compare the strength of knee extensors and elbow extensors in young and older men under conditions of eccentric loading and concentric contractions. Twelve men ages 23 to 32 years and 12 ages 60 to 75 years were tested at two angular velocities of movement, 90 and 180 degrees.s-1, on a KinCom isokinetic dynamometer. Compared to young men, older men had lower concentric peak torque values for elbow (31%) and knee (32%) extensors (p less than 0.05). The older group showed lower eccentric peak torques on all elbow comparisons (21% lower), and for knee extension at the slower velocity (20%). At the faster velocity, knee extension eccentric peak torque did not differ from that of younger men. Differences between the age groups were significantly less for the eccentric muscle action than for the concentric one. The observation of maintained eccentric strength in older men, particularly at fast velocity, warrants research in defining the mechanism.
Brain tumors in children and adolescents: Cognitive and psychological disorders at different ages

Cognitive and psychological disorders are among the most frequently observed sequelae in brain tumor survivors. The goal of this work was to verify the presence of these disorders in a group of children and adolescents diagnosed with brain tumor before age 18 years, differentiate these disorders according to age of assessment, identify correlations between the two types of impairments and define possible associations between these impairments and clinical variables.
Single- and Dual-Hormone Artificial Pancreas for Overnight Glucose Control in Type 1 Diabetes.

CONTEXT The added benefit of glucagon in artificial pancreas systems for overnight glucose control in type 1 diabetes has not been fully explored. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of dual-hormone (insulin and glucagon) artificial pancreas, single-hormone (insulin alone) artificial pancreas, and conventional insulin pump therapy. DESIGN This study was a three-center, three-arm, open-label, randomized, crossover controlled trial involving three interventions, each applied over a night after a high carbohydrate/high fat meal and a second after exercise to mimic real-life glycemic excursions. SETTING The study was conducted in a home setting. PATIENTS Twenty-eight type 1 diabetes participants (21 adults and seven adolescents) participated in the study. INTERVENTIONS Dual-hormone artificial pancreas, single-hormone artificial pancreas, and conventional pump therapy was activated from 9:00 PM to 7:00 AM. MAIN OUTCOME The main outcome was a proportion of time in target (4-8 mmol/L) by continuous glucose monitoring from 11:00 PM to 7:00 AM. Analysis was by intention to treat. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) percentage of time-in-target glucose range was 47% (36%-71%) for conventional therapy, higher on both single-hormone (76% [65%-91%], P < .001) and dual-hormone artificial pancreas (81 [68%-93%], P < .001). The median (interquartile range) time spent below 4 mmol/L was 14% (4%-28%) for conventional therapy, lower on both single-hormone (5% [0%-13%], P = .004) and dual-hormone artificial pancreas (1% [0%-8%], P < .001). There were 14 hypoglycemic events on conventional therapy compared with six incidences on the single-hormone artificial pancreas (P = .059) and three incidences on the dual-hormone artificial pancreas (P = .017). None of these outcomes differed significantly between single- and dual-hormone configurations. CONCLUSIONS Single- and dual-hormone artificial pancreas systems both provided better glucose control than conventional therapy. Although the dual-hormone configuration did not increase overnight time-in-target glucose levels, an effect on lowering hypoglycemia risk cannot be ruled out.
Is the peripheral blood film reliable for the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia?

Seven hematologists and two hematology residents independently reviewed a coded, randomized series of 62 peripheral blood films and, in each case, each decided whether or not there was morphologic evidence of iron deficiency anemia. A total of 756 independent interpretations was thus obtained in this study. Interpretations of iron deficiency anemia were made in 5.8% of the reviews of blood films obtained from 24 normal control individuals and in 49.0% of the reviews of blood films from 38 patients with proven iron deficiency anemia. Four of the participants examined the same slides twice in different random series and, on the average, contradicted 22% of their own interpretations. Except when morphologic changes are pronounced, the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia from examination of the peripheral blood film is difficult and not very reliable.
Determination of some Nutritional Habits and Healthy Life- Style Behaviours of Workers

Objective: The lifestyle indicators that traditionally have been associated with a lesser quality of life a diet rich in fat and low in fruit and vegetables. Methods: This cross-sectional was conducted determining some nutritional habits and healthy life-style behaviours of workers working at a textile factory in the Southeastern Anatolia Region with 276 workers. A questionnaire form and Healthy Life-Style Behaviours Scale were used for collecting data. Analysis of the data was using percentage, arithmetic average, One Way Anova and Independent Sample t test. Results: It was determined that 81.2% workers worked for 45 hours a week, 92.4% worked during day hours and 47.5% worked in the department of sewing. It was also found that 84.4% of workers ate three meals a day, 50.0% had vegetable and meat-based diet, 43.8% had family members with chronic diseases, 85.5% did not have their blood pressure measured regularly, 67.4% did not weigh regularly, 29.0% did not do regular sports/physical exercise. Conclusions: It was determined that total HLSB score of workers was at mid-level in general. It was found that there was a significant relation between nutritional habits, number of meals and physical activity levels of workers and their HLSB scores.