Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Providing medicines in emergency and urgent care: a survey of specialist paramedics’ experiences of medication supply and views on paramedic independent prescribing

Introduction: Specialist paramedics in the United Kingdom are able to undertake additional training and education in the assessment and treatment of minor illness and injuries. The provision of medication often forms a part of specialist paramedic care, but there is currently no research into the perceived usefulness or impact of the use of patient group directions or on their preparedness to undertake paramedic independent and supplementary prescribing. The aim of this study was to (a) investigate the ways in which medicines are currently supplied by specialist paramedics and (b) establish views on the introduction of paramedic independent and supplementary prescribing, including practitioner preparedness and potential impact on practice. Methods: An online questionnaire was sent to 268 specialist paramedics employed by two NHS ambulance Trusts in England who jointly employed 54% of the national population (n = 495) of specialist paramedics. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a framework analysis approach. Results: Patient group directions were reported to be used regularly and infections, pain and exacerbations of respiratory conditions were the most frequently treated conditions by specialist paramedics. Although just over half of participants reported that patient group directions did not restrict their ability to supply medication to patients, a significant minority found them too restrictive. Examples of restrictions included contradictions to local antimicrobial guidance and being unable to supply sufficiently strong analgesia. The majority of participants (66/78, 84.6%) felt confident to undertake paramedic independent and supplementary prescribing and that it would enhance both their scope of practice (70/72, 97.2%) and patient care (67/72, 93.0%). However, participants had concerns regarding organisational readiness for paramedic independent and supplementary prescribing (50/72, 69.4%), including provision of paramedic access to patient records (65/72, 90.2%) and obtaining sufficient clinical support (39/72, 54.1%). Conclusions: Patient group directions do enable specialist paramedics to supply medication to patients in order to treat a range of conditions, but at times the paramedics felt that the patient group directions restricted autonomous practice. The majority of participants felt confident to undertake paramedic independent and supplementary prescribing and anticipated that it would enhance patient care.
Morphological changes in hippocampus CA1 neurons after nicotine administration in rats

Background: Previous studies have shown morphological changes after intra peritoneal drug administration in human and animals. This study examines the effect of intrapretoneal nicotine administration on pyramidal neurons in area CA1of hippocampus. Methods: The study included male Wistar rats with the mean weigh of 220-250 g. Nicotine was administered at a dose of 0.4 and 1.5 mg/kg, each for a period of three days. The animals were then anesthetized using ketamine (70 mg/kg). After being fixed through transcardiac canula with formalin 4% and bafer phosphate 6, the brains were sectioned and stained using Golgi’s staining technique. Using MOTIC software, they were then examined for histological evaluations. Data were analyzed using unpaired ttest Results: Our results showed a decrease in the size and the number of pyramidal cells in area CA1 of hippocampus for the nicotine group. While the number of dendrites was fewer in experimental group, asterocytes had increased in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: Our study indicates that nicotine administration results in a significant reduction in the size of pyramidal cells in area CA1of hippocampus.
Patients Satisfaction on Clinical Laboratory Services at Nekemte Referral Hospital, Oromia, Ethiopia

Background : Satisfaction is the extent to which the clients feel their needs are fulfilled and their expectations are being met by the service provider. Furthermore, understanding the level of client satisfaction and identifying the factors hindering client satisfaction are the most important base lines to improve the quality of service being delivered. Objective: to assess the extent to which patients were satisfied on clinical laboratory services provided at Nekemte Referral Hospital (NRH) . Method: A Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 422 Patients requested for clinical laboratory service at NRH from March to April 2014. Data were collected using structured, pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS for windows version 20 . Result: Among the 422 patients, 255 (60.4%) were satisfied, 75 (17.8%) were neutral and 92(21.8%) were dissatisfied with the laboratory services given in Nekemte Referral Hospital. There was no significant association between socio-demographic characteristics and level of satisfaction of patients (P- value > 0.05). In Likert Scale, the overall mean rate of satisfaction of patients with laboratory services in Nekemte referral hospital was 3.65 out of the 5 points. The lowest mean rating of satisfaction were given for Cleanness of latrine and location of the laboratory in the hospital with mean rating of 2.15 and 2.17 respectively. Conclusion : The overall degree of patient customers’ satisfaction with the laboratory services at Nekemte Referral Hospital was 60.4% . patients were dissatisfied in cleanness and location of latrines in the hospital. Therefore; hospital administration and the laboratory department of Nekemte referral Hospital should strive more to enhance patients’ satisfaction, particularly in sanitation and location of the latrine in the hospital. Key Words: patients’ Satisfaction, Clinical Laboratory Services, Nekemte Referral Hospital
Association of Food Insecurity and Malnutrition among Young Children (6-36 Months)

Objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of food insecurity and malnutrition among young children (6-36 months) in urban slums of India and its consequences on the nutritional status of the children. Household-based crosssectional study on a sample of 446 mother/child diad was conducted. Structured interview schedules were used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, food insecurity and household assets wealth. Height and weight were also measured. The results indicated the prevalence of child food insecurity was 38 per cent. More than 50 per cent were stunted and 36 per cent were underweight. Two-third underweight and 53 per cent stunted children were food insecure. Multivariate associations showed statistically significant inverse association of stunting and underweight with child food security status. Children from very low food secure households were 5.92 times more underweight and 4.14 times more stunted than food secure households. It was concluded that child food insecurity was associated with malnutrition. Strategies for reducing child malnutrition should focus on improving the food security.
Prozac Saved My Life vs. Prozac Ruined My Life: Investigating the Adoption, Constitution and Maintenance of Distinct Interpretations Associated with Depression and its Medical Treatment.

The precise nature of community support offered, then, may play a critical role in whether individuals are able to deliberate on these issues. This, in turn, may have implications for the degree of choice and agency allowed to those facing depression. 3. Maximizing choice for those facing depression: In addition to critical exploration, the existence of widely diverging views points towards another need: authentic choice in treatment. The importance of preserving individual choice in the course of treatment has been emphasized by a growing chorus of researchers, practitioners and clients (Ridge & Ziebland, 2006; Sangster, 2005; Schreiber, 1996). The degree to which one has been able to exercise personal choice during treatment is seen by some as key to their recovery (Badger & Nolan, 2007). Of course, the degree to which they have personal choice is closely related to whether individuals are genuinely able to explore different perspectives. Indeed, in the end, my answer to why deep set convictions came to exist was there was little consideration of any other viable interpretation. When a narrative is unchallenged by any other viable narrative, it becomes simply accepted as reality. The impact of such an unquestioned narrative was suggested on multiple occasions. Perhaps the most dramatic example was tapering efforts where concurrent emotional difficulties were seemingly automatically interpreted or narrated as evidence that the biological deficiency was even worse than realized. In each case, an alternative interpretation simply was not available. While authentic choice often depends on doctors and patients sharing information honestly, unfortunately, there is evidence that doctors often emphasize treatment benefits without adequately acknowledging possible harms or risks (Pound et al., 2005). A recent study of physician communication in the Archive of Internal Medicine indicated that only 35% of patients reported doctors discussing adverse side effects with them in the context of general treatment (Tarn, et al., 2006). By surfacing subtle distinctions between competing narratives more clearly, it has been one of my hopes that the extent and strength of collective exploration can expand. As contrasting narratives come to be seen as narratives, I ultimately hope the decision-making process can increasingly come to more fully be under individuals‘ own control. Rather than dragged down certain narrative pathways, individuals may be aware and dictate which direction they want to go. Rather than fear alternative views, individuals may be open to considering all their options.
Analytical Model for Virtual Link Provisioning in Service Overlay Networks

In this paper, we propose analytical model of Virtual Link used in the Service Overlay Networks. The Virtual Link exploits Selective Repeat ARQ scheme with time constrained number of retransmission and the playout buffer mechanism. Our model allows deriving equations that express trade-off between loss and delay characteristics experienced by packets transferred through VL. The main innovation of our model is the ability to cope with variable delay experienced by packets transferred by underlying network. Following the analytical model, we propose a method for Virtual Link dimensioning. The accuracy of the proposed model and dimensioning method is illustrated by simulation results.
A Case Series of Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Primarily Diagnosed by Otological Manifestations

Objective: To describe a case series of previously undiagnosed granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) patients who presented primarily with otological manifestations. Method: We report a series of patients visited at a neurotology clinic who were eventually diagnosed with GPA based on their otologic complaints and had no prior knowledge of having this condition. Results: In this series, 10 (91%) patients presented with hearing loss (HL), more than half of which were bilateral (60%). Upon audiometric examination, all but 1 patient had mixed, conductive, or sensorineural HL. All patients presented with eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD), otitis media with effusion (OME), or both. Nasal endoscopy showed intranasal pathology in 3 (27%) patients. Otologic symptoms were improved in all patients after treatment with an average of 4 in-office follow-up appointments. Conclusion: GPA should be included in the differential diagnosis of adults with unexplained mixed hearing loss, new onset serous effusion, or acute otitis media in the absence of a previous history of ETD. Laboratory tests (ie, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein) along with a urinalysis can aid in screening these patients. In cases in which the index of suspicion is high, repeated testing could reduce the risk of false negative findings.
Effect of Fenugreek and Black Cumin Seeds as Feed Additives on Blood Biochemical Profile and Performance of Broilers

An experiment was conducted on one hundred day-old commercial broiler chicks (Cobb-strain) to study the effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) and black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds as feed additives on the performance and blood biochemical profile in broilers. The birds were randomly divided into four groups (25 birds/group). Chicks were housed group wise in electrically heated brooder cages (0–3 wk) and transferred to battery cages (4–6 wk). The experimental diets were: no feed additive (T1), 1% fenugreek (T2), 1% black cumin (T3) and 0.5% each of fenugreek and black cumin (T4). The feed intake was higher (P<0.01) in all the treatment groups compared to control with highest intake in T2. The body weight gain of all the treatment groups was (P<0.01) higher than control with highest gain in T3. The FCR was higher (P<0.05) in T3 (1.89) in comparison to T1 (2.03) and T2 (2.05), but the values were statistically similar for T3 and T4 (1.97) groups respectively. The DM digestibility of T3 and T4 was higher (P<0.05) as compared to T1. The Hb (g/dl), PCV (%), total protein (g/dl) and albumin (g/dl) were higher (P<0.05) in T3 and T4 as compared to T1 and T2 groups respectively. However, the nitrogen retention, carcass characteristics and sensory attributes were similar in all the groups. It is concluded that the supplementation of black cumin in the diet of broilers either at 1% level (T3) and combination of fenugreek and black cumin (T4) improved the body weight gain, FCR, Hb, PCV, serum proteins and reduced serum cholesterol levels.
The Computer User as Toolsmith: The Use, Reuse and Organization of Computer-Based Tools

1. Introduction 2. Studying Unix 3. Using commands in Unix 4. Techniques for reusing activities 5. Recurrent systems 6. Reuse opportunities in Unix Csh - potential and actual 7. Principles, corroboration and justification 8. Organizing activities through workspaces 9. A workspace system: description and issues 10. Conclusion References.
A Theoretical Background for Educational Video Games: Games, Signs, Knowledge

The potential of video games for learning is now widely accepted among the community of Educational Technology. However, there is a critical lack of guidance for the design of educational games. In order to provide such guidance, there is a need for a solid theoretical basis regarding the nature of learning in games. This paper redefines what a game is, in semiotic terms, enabling four groups of strategies to be formally identified, depending on how the knowledge to be acquired is inserted into the game. These four groups are: systemic learning, when knowledge is embedded in the game mechanics; winner strategies, when the game provides an environment in which knowledge is required to reach the game's goal; loose coupling, when knowledge is arbitrary required to unblock the progression towards the game's goal; and contextual coupling, in which the game serves as a context for the exposition of static learning material. This theory is then put into practice by analyzing three commercial educational games. It constitutes a first step towards Instructional Game Design.
Effect of implant location on palateless complete overdenture retention: Preliminary study

Aim : To evaluate the influence of implant location on initial retention of palateless complete overdentures retained by four O-rings at different inter-implant distances. Materials and Methods: Totally, 36 completely edentulous participants were equally assigned into two groups (G1 and G2). G1 participants have received four implants, two in the canine region with 32 mm inter-implant distance, and two in the second premolar region away from the anterior canine implants by 14 mm on both sides. G2 participants have received four implants, two in the canine region with 32 mm inter-implant distance, and two in first molar region away from anterior canine implants by 22 mm on both sides. Both groups have received palateless complete implant overdentures retained by four O-rings. Initial axial and para-axial retention of overdentures of both groups was estimated using digital forcemeter, and compared using an independent t-test. Results: Independent t-test revealed that location of dental implants has a significant role in the palateless complete overdenture retention with a level of significance set at P < 0.05. Conclusion: For palateless complete implant overdentures retained by four O-rings, increasing the inter-implant distance between anterior and posterior implants provides a more retentive prosthesis.
From Lexical Semantics to Argument Realization

Process and compositions are described for the use in foodstuff flavor and aroma augmenting, modifying, enhancing and imparting compositions and as foodstuff aroma and flavor imparting materials of the mixture of 4-terpinenol propionate having the structure: (which is produced by reacting 4-terpinenol with propionic anhydride in the presence of pyridine), and 2-methyl-3-furanthiol having the structure: Addition of the mixture of 4-terpinenol propionate and 2-methyl-3-furanthiol to foodstuffs produces a roast beef aroma and flavor characteristic.
Behind Closed Doors: Individual and Joint Pornography Use Among Romantic Couples

Most previous research on the associations between pornography use and relational well-being has utilized individual data sets that have limited scholars’ ability to truly understand the dyadic nature of pornography use within romantic couples. Using a dyadic data set of 240 committed heterosexual couples from the United States, we explored actor and partner associations between pornography use, sexual dynamics, and relational well-being. We also explored how couple pornography use and partner knowledge of pornography use were associated with well-being. Results suggested that female pornography use was associated with higher female sexual desire but no other dependent variables. Male pornography use was associated with a wide array of negative well-being indicators, including less male and female relationship satisfaction, lower female sexual desire, and lower male positive communication. Couple pornography use was associated with higher reported sexual satisfaction for both partners but no other well-being indicators. Partner knowledge of use had little direct association with well-being, but some evidence suggested that unknown individual use may be associated with less sexual satisfaction but more relationship satisfaction. Results suggest that different configurations of use among heterosexual couples are associated with varying relational well-being indicators.
Effectiveness of 3E, 5E and Conventional Approaches of Teaching on Students’ Achievement in High School Biology

The study sought to identify the effectiveness of 3E, 5E learning cycle and the conventional approaches in teaching a Biology lesson. The mixed method approach was used for this study. Three science classes in three Senior High Schools were randomly selected. For the quantitative aspect, a pre-test-post-test non-equivalent quasi-experimental design with two experimental groups was used. The qualitative part constituted an interview to find out students’ views with regards to the 3E and 5E teaching approaches. The students in the experimental groups were instructed through 3E and 5E learning cycle whilst those in the control group were instructed on the same concept through conventional approach. ANCOVA and independent t-test were used to analyse the data. The results of the study showed that the experimental groups performed better on the post-test as compared to the control group. The results also revealed that the learning cycle approach was more effective in teaching the biology concepts than the conventional approach. The 3E learning cycle was found to be more effective for improving the performance of low achievers. The students exposed to the 3E and 5E approaches showed positive attitudes towards learning cycle when they were interviewed. Teachers should be encouraged to learn and use the learning cycle approach in the teaching and learning process of Biology concepts.
Surgical adhesions in mice are derived from mesothelial cells and can be targeted by antibodies against mesothelial markers

Surgical adhesions in mice derived from hypoxia-responsive mesothelial cells can be targeted with anti-mesothelial antibodies. Getting adhesions unstuck Peritoneal adhesions are ectopic fibrotic tissues induced by surgical perturbations that result in postoperative morbidities such as small bowel obstruction. The cellular origin of adhesions remains unclear. Now, Tsai et al. show that mesothelial cells overlying organs and the abdominal wall give rise to adhesions after surgery in mice. The injured mesothelium up-regulated mesothelium-specific genes that were known to be highly expressed during fetal development. Targeting adhesions with antibodies against the mesothelial marker mesothelin eliminated adhesions that had formed after surgery. Injured mesothelium responded to hypoxia, and this was mediated by the HIF1α pathway. Blocking HIF1α with small-molecule inhibitors prevented adhesion formation in mice after surgery. Peritoneal adhesions are fibrous tissues that tether organs to one another or to the peritoneal wall and are a major cause of postsurgical and infectious morbidity. The primary molecular chain of events leading to the initiation of adhesions has been elusive, chiefly due to the lack of an identifiable cell of origin. Using clonal analysis and lineage tracing, we have identified injured surface mesothelium expressing podoplanin (PDPN) and mesothelin (MSLN) as a primary instigator of peritoneal adhesions after surgery in mice. We demonstrate that an anti-MSLN antibody diminished adhesion formation in a mouse model where adhesions were induced by surgical ligation to form ischemic buttons and subsequent surgical abrasion of the peritoneum. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses of mouse mesothelial cells from injured mesothelium revealed aspects of the pathological mechanism of adhesion development and yielded several potential regulators of this process. Specifically, we show that PDPN+MSLN+ mesothelium responded to hypoxia by early up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) that preceded adhesion development. Inhibition of HIF1α with small molecules ameliorated the injury program in damaged mesothelium and was sufficient to diminish adhesion severity in a mouse model. Analyses of human adhesion tissue suggested that similar surface markers and signaling pathways may contribute to surgical adhesions in human patients.
AVALIAÇÃO ISOCINÉTICA DOS INVERSORES E EVERSORES DE TORNOZELO: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE ATLETAS DE FUTEBOL E SEDENTÁRIOS NORMAIS

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os grupos musculares eversores e inversores do tornozelo e fazer uma comparacao das respostas dinamicas de forca e potencia entre os agonistas e antagonistas quanto a dominancia e pratica de futebol. Metodos: foram avaliados 30 individuos do sexo masculino de 17 a 20 anos, sem lesoes, divididos em dois grupos: 15 atletas (categoria juniores) de futebol, idade 18,4 +- 0,8 anos, peso 65 +- 7,3 kg e altura 1,74 +- 0,05m e 15 nao atletas (grupo controle) com idade de 17,6 +- 0,8 anos, peso 65,8 +- 15kg e altura 1,72 +- 0,1m pela dinamometria isocinetica. Os parametros avaliados foram pico de torque (Newton metros-Nm), trabalho (joules - J) e potencia (watts - W) nas velocidades angulares de 30/s e 120/s. Resultados: a relacao dos grupos musculares agonistas/antagonistas quanto a dominancia e atividade futebolistica nao apresentou diferenca significativa. As relacoes entre os grupos inversores/eversores do tornozelo ficaram proximas de 100 (por cento)