Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemotherapy and amenorrhea: risks and treatment options

Purpose of review The purpose of this study is to review the impact of chemotherapy on fertility and to update the reader on the current state of fertility preservation techniques. Recent findings Chemotherapy results in irreversible damage to ovarian follicles and stromal function, and alkylating agents cause the most significant damage to ovarian reserve. Options for fertility preservation range from well established techniques such as embryo cryopreservation to experimental ones such as ovarian tissue freezing. The safety and effectiveness of concomitant use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues to prevent chemotherapy-induced follicle death is still debated. In-vitro maturation of germinal vesicle oocytes can be an option in patients who do not have sufficient time for ovarian stimulation. Summary The impact of chemotherapy on future fertility is much more significant than is widely believed. Because of this, young females should be counseled about fertility preservation options. Fertility preservation requires an individualized approach. If possible these patients should be encouraged to utilize the most established assisted reproductive techniques. Although success of IVF with frozen-thawed embryos now approaches that of using fresh embryos, success rates with oocyte freezing are lower but these rates are on the rise. Even though ovarian tissue cryopreservation is still an experimental technique, currently it is the only fertility preservation option in children.
Germline BAP1 mutations predispose also to multiple basal cell carcinomas

The BRCA1‐associated protein 1 (BAP1) gene encodes a nuclear deubiquitin enzyme which acts as a tumour suppressor. Loss of function germline mutations of BAP1 have been associated with an enhanced risk of uveal and cutaneous melanomas, mesothelioma, clear cell renal cancer and atypical cutaneous melanocytic proliferations. In two independent BAP1 families, we noticed an unusual frequency of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). Indeed, 19 BCCs were diagnosed in four patients, either of superficial (13/19) or nodular (6/19) subtype; they were all located in chronic sun‐exposed areas (limbs, head or neck). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) identified in the 19 tumours, complete or partial loss of BAP1 protein nuclear expression, restricted to the BCC nests. A control study was conducted in 22 sporadic BCCs in 22 subjects under 65 without known associated BAP1 tumours: no loss of BAP1 expression was found. Overall, our observations suggest that BCCs are part of the BAP1 cancer syndrome, perhaps in relation with chronic sun exposure and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) variants. In conclusion, cutaneous follow‐up of BAP1 carriers should not only aim to detect melanocytic neoplasms but also BCCs.
Essays on Heidegger and others

Acknowledgments Introduction: Pragmatism and post-Nietzschean philosophy Part I. Philosophy as Science, as Metaphor, and as Politics: Heidegger, contingency, and pragmatism Wittgenstein, Heidegger, and the reification of language Heidegger, Kundera, and Dickens Part II. Deconstruction and Circumvention: Two meanings of 'logocentrism': a reply to Norris Is Derrida a transcendental philosophy? De Man and the American Cultural Left Part III. Freud and Moral Reflection Habermas and Lyotard on postmodernity Unger, Castoriadis, and the romance of a national future Moral identity and private autonomy: the case of Foucault Index of names.
Corticobasal syndrome due to a thalamic tuberculoma and focal cortical atrophy

Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is characterised by asymmetric apraxia, cortical sensory loss, extrapyramidal features and cognitive decline. Although CBS is classically described as a taupathy, heterogeneity of its aetiology is increasingly recognised. Clinical presentation of CBS appears to reflect areas of the brain involved and not necessarily the nature of the underlying pathology.1 CBS is associated with asymmetric cortical atrophy on brain imaging, a feature that is typical of focal neurodegenerative disorders. Rarely, atrophy of ipsilateral cortical areas has been reported with slowly growing subcortical lesions.2 We report a patient in whom resolution of a thalamic tuberculoma was associated with progressive atrophy of the parietotemporal cortex, resulting in an unusual presentation of CBS. A 49-year-old, right-handed geologist presented with progressive stiffness and numbness of the right arm and leg for 6 months. On clinical evaluation, he had rigidity of his right-sided limbs with mild right hemisensory loss. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain showed contrast-enhancing, coalescing lesions involving the left thalamus (fig 1A). A firm cervical lymph node was detected and biopsy revealed caseating granulomas consistent with tuberculosis. The granulomatous lesion on brain imaging, which was associated with histopathological evidence of lymph-nodal tuberculosis suggested the diagnosis of thalamic tuberculoma, and anti-tubercular treatment was started. After 6 months, the patient’s sensory symptoms improved, and a …
The Brain is Hyperexcitable in Migraine

Migraine is a very common disorder occurring in 20% of women and 6% of men. Central neuronal hyperexcitability is proposed to be the putative basis for the physiological disturbances in migraine. Since there are no consistent structural disturbances in migraine, physiological and psychophysical studies have provided insight into the underlying mechanisms. This is a review of the neurophysiological studies which have provided an insight to migraine pathogenesis supporting the theory of hyperexcitability.
Truncated path algebras are homologically transparent

It is shown that path algebras modulo relations of the form $\Lambda = KQ/I$, where $Q$ is a quiver, $K$ a coefficient field, and $I \subseteq KQ$ the ideal generated by all paths of a given length, can be readily analyzed homologically, while displaying a wealth of phenomena. In particular, the syzygies of their modules, and hence their finitistic dimensions, allow for smooth descriptions in terms of $Q$ and the Loewy length of $\Lambda$. The same is true for the distributions of projective dimensions attained on the irreducible components of the standard parametrizing varieties for the modules of fixed $K$- dimension.
Modulation of the late sodium current by ATX‐II and ranolazine affects the reverse use‐dependence and proarrhythmic liability of IKr blockade

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Drug‐induced torsades de pointes (TdP) often occurs during bradycardia due to reverse use‐dependence. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition or enhancement of late sodium current (INa,L) could modulate the drug‐induced reverse use‐dependence in QT and Tp‐e (an index of dispersion of repolarization), and therefore the liability for TdP.
Increasing ozone in marine boundary layer inflow at the west coasts of North America and Europe

Abstract. An effective method is presented for determining the ozone (O 3 ) mixing ratio in the onshore flow of marine air at the North American west coast. By combining the data available from all marine boundary layer (MBL) sites with simultaneous wind data, decadal temporal trends of MBL O 3 in all seasons are established with high precision. The average springtime temporal trend over the past two decades is 0.46 ppbv/yr with a 95% confidence limit of 0.13 ppbv/yr, and statistically significant trends are found for all seasons except autumn, which does have a significantly smaller trend than other seasons. The average trend in mean annual ozone is 0.34±0.09 ppbv/yr. These decadal trends at the North American west coast present a striking comparison and contrast with the trends reported for the European west coast at Mace Head, Ireland. The trends in the winter, spring and summer seasons compare well at the two locations, while the Mace Head trend is significantly greater in autumn. Even though the trends are similar, the absolute O 3 mixing ratios differ markedly, with the marine air arriving at Europe in all seasons containing 7±2 ppbv higher ozone than marine air arriving at North America. Further, the ozone mixing ratios at the North American west coast show no indication of stabilizing as has been reported for Mace Head. In a larger historical context the background boundary layer O 3 mixing ratios over the 130 years covered by available data have increased substantially (by a factor of two to three), and this increase continues at present, at least in the MBL of the Pacific coast region of North America. The reproduction of the increasing trends in MBL O 3 over the past two decades, as well as the difference in the O 3 mixing ratios between the two coastal regions will present a significant challenge for global chemical transport models. Further, the ability of the models to at least semi-quantitatively reproduce the longer-term, historical trends may an even greater challenge.
Comparison of 2 . 5 % thioglycolic acid , 2 % hydroquinone , 2 % Haloxyl , and 10 % thioglycolic acid peeling in the treatment of periorbital hyperpigmentation

Introduction: Periorbital hyperpigmentation is a multifactorial dyschromia that involves the eyelid’s vascularization and melanin hyperpigmentation. Objective: To compare the efficacy of 2.5% thioglycolic acid, 2% hydroquinone, 2% Haloxyl, and 10% thioglycolic acid peel in the reduction of dark circles. Methods: Eighty patients were divided into four groups. Groups 1, 2, and 3 underwent treatments with 2.5% thioglycolic acid, 2% hydroquinone, and 2% Haloxyl, respectively. Group 4 underwent five biweekly sessions of chemical exfoliation with 10% thioglycolic acid. All patients were evaluated by two physicians after the treatment: the one who performed the treatment, and another who was blinded to the outcome. The assessment was carried out using photographs and a clinical satisfaction questionnaire distributed to the patients. Results: The best results occurred in Groups 1 and 2. Group 3 had slightly inferior results, possibly due to the low concentration used. Group 4 had the least significant results, however this outcome may have been influenced by the higher age of the group members and the lack of daily use of medications. Conclusions: There is still not an ideal treatment for dark circles, with the currently available therapeutic resources only alleviating the difference in color between the lower eyelids and the rest of the face.
Aerosol synthesis of chemoresistive gas sensors: Materials, structures and performances

The sensing performance of nanoparticle films obtained by aerosol synthesis is investigated as a function of material composition (e.g. SnO2, TiO2, WO3), film morphology and layout. It is shown that highly porous (98%) films are obtained by direct deposition from the gas phase. Utilization of a flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) reactor as particle source was found to be a flexible alternative for the synthesis of single and multi oxides at high production rates. More in detail, low content Si-doping of SnO2 or WO3 FSP-made nanoparticles drastically increased their response to ethanol and acetone, respectively. This was attributed to the high thermal stability of these nanocomposites at the elevated operation temperatures of metal oxide gas sensors. However, mechanical stabilization of these films was required to avoid their disintegration. Sufficient mechanical stabilization was obtained by rapid in-situ annealing with an impinging particle free flame leading to highly sensitive metal oxide-based gas sensors. In conclusion, aerosol synthesis of chemoresistive gas sensors is critically reviewed focusing on the opportunities offered by novel flame methods, such as FSP, while assessing some of its current limitations.
Trajectories of psychological distress after prison release: implications for mental health service need in ex-prisoners

Background Understanding individual-level changes in mental health status after prison release is crucial to providing targeted and effective mental health care to ex-prisoners. We aimed to describe trajectories of psychological distress following prison discharge and compare these trajectories with mental health service use in the community. Method The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was administered to 1216 sentenced adult prisoners in Queensland, Australia, before prison release and approximately 1, 3 and 6 months after release. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify K10 trajectories after release. Contact with community mental health services in the year following release was assessed via data linkage. Results We identified five trajectory groups, representing consistently low (51.1% of the cohort), consistently moderate (29.8%), high increasing (11.6%), high declining (5.5%) and consistently very high (1.9%) psychological distress. Mood disorder, anxiety disorder, history of self-harm and risky drug use were risk factors for the high increasing, very high and high declining trajectory groups. Women were over-represented in the high increasing and high declining groups, but men were at higher risk of very high psychological distress. Within the high increasing and very high groups, 25% of participants accessed community mental health services in the first year post-release, for a median of 4.4 contact hours. Conclusions For the majority of prisoners with high to very high psychological distress, distress persists after release. However, contact with mental health services in the community appears low. Further research is required to understand barriers to mental health service access among ex-prisoners.
The effects of catchment and riparian forest quality on stream environmental conditions across a tropical rainforest and oil palm landscape in Malaysian Borneo

Freshwaters provide valuable habitat and important ecosystem services but are threatened worldwide by habitat loss and degradation. In Southeast Asia, rainforest streams are particularly threatened by logging and conversion to oil palm, but we lack information on the impacts of this on freshwater environmental conditions, and the relative importance of catchment versus riparian‐scale disturbance. We studied 16 streams in Sabah, Borneo, including old‐growth forest, logged forest, and oil palm sites. We assessed forest quality in riparian zones and across the whole catchment and compared it with stream environmental conditions including water quality, structural complexity, and organic inputs. We found that streams with the highest riparian forest quality were nearly 4 °C cooler, over 20 cm deeper, had over 40% less sand, greater canopy cover, more stored leaf litter, and wider channels than oil palm streams with the lowest riparian forest quality. Other variables were significantly related to catchment‐scale forest quality, with streams in the highest quality forest catchments having 40% more bedrock and 20 times more dead wood, along with higher phosphorus, and lower nitrate‐N levels compared to streams with the lowest catchment‐scale forest quality. Although riparian buffer strips went some way to protecting waterways, they did not maintain fully forest‐like stream conditions. In addition, logged forest streams still showed signs of disturbance 10–15 years after selective logging. Our results suggest that maintenance and restoration of buffer strips can help to protect healthy freshwater ecosystems but logging practices and catchment‐scale forest management also need to be considered.
Does malaria during pregnancy affect the newborn?

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of malarial infection during pregnancy on the newborn. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted at The Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, using in-patient hospital records over an 11-year period from 1988 to 1999. The incidence of preterm delivery, low birth weight (LBW) and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in 29 pregnant women with malaria, was compared with that in 66 selected pregnant women without malaria, who delivered at the AKUH during the same time period. RESULTS Pregnant women with malaria had a 3.1 times greater risk of preterm labor (p=0.14). They were more likely to be anaemic compared to women without malaria (RR=2.9, 95% CI=1.6-5.4) and had a significantly lower mean haemoglobin level (p=0.0001). Maternal malaria was significantly associated with LBW babies (p=0.001). The mean birth weight of infants born to pregnant women with malaria was 461 g less (p=0.0005). No significant association was, however, found between malarial infection during pregnancy and IUGR (p=0.33). CONCLUSION Malarial infection during pregnancy is associated with poor maternal and fetal outcome. It is significantly associated with maternal anaemia and LBW infants. Appropriate measures must, therefore, be taken to prevent malaria during pregnancy, especially in endemic areas.
Selective decontamination in ICU patients : Dutch guideline

Selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) and selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD) are prophylactic antibiotic regimens used in intensive care units (ICUs) to prevent infections in ICU patients. This guideline, based upon a recently published Dutch Guideline (published at http://www.swab.nl / richtlijnen), summarises relevant literature regarding the effects of SDD and SOD on patient outcome and antibiotic resistance in Dutch ICUs. In conclusion, both SDD and SOD reduce ICU mortality as compared with a control group, yet no difference in survival was found between SDD and SOD. Both strategies are cost-effective. SDD resulted in less ICU-acquired Gram-negative bacteraemia as compared with SOD and control. So far, no increase in antibiotic resistance has been observed.
Effects of thermal fluctuations on systems with small surface tension.

We consider the influence of thermal fluctuations on systems with negligible surface tension ("membranes"), whose behavior is determined by curvature effects. Fluctuations change the effective rigidity and other relevant parameters. Two-dimensional membranes appear rigid at short distances and crumpled at long distances. For more than two-dimensional membranes (or in presence of long-range forces) a crumpling transition separates a rigid low-temperature phase from a crumpled high-temperature one.
Prosthetic Joint Infection

SUMMARY Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a tremendous burden for individual patients as well as the global health care industry. While a small minority of joint arthroplasties will become infected, appropriate recognition and management are critical to preserve or restore adequate function and prevent excess morbidity. In this review, we describe the reported risk factors for and clinical manifestations of PJI. We discuss the pathogenesis of PJI and the numerous microorganisms that can cause this devastating infection. The recently proposed consensus definitions of PJI and approaches to accurate diagnosis are reviewed in detail. An overview of the treatment and prevention of this challenging condition is provided.
A low power multiphase all-digital phase locked loop with reusing SAR

This paper presents a low power multiphase all-digital phase locked loop (ADPLL) with reusing successive approximation register (SAR) control. The SAR control unit is reusing both in the coarse and fine stage. The hardware cost and power consumption of reusing SAR control unit is one half of conventional SAR control unit. This output frequency of this multiphase phase locked loop works from 102 MHz to 735 MHz. The power consumption of the proposed low power multiphase ADPLL is 3.6mW at 320 MHz based on post-layout simulation in TSMC 0.18 µm 1P6M CMOS process. The chip's core area is 332µm × 187µm.
Thermal conductivity and Raman spectra of carbon fibers.

The thermal conductivity between 12 and 300 K is reported for graphite fibers carbonized from a variety of precursors, including spun polyacrylonitrile, petroleum pitch, or grown by chemical vapor deposition of methane. The fibers were studied as grown as well as heat treated to temperatures up to 3000 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. First-order Raman spectra of the same fibers were taken with use of a microprobe, and the intensity ratio ${I}_{1360}$/${I}_{1580}$ between the disorder-induced line at 1360 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ and the Raman-allowed line at 1580 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ correlates well with the amplitude of the low-temperature thermal-conductivity data. Using the Kelly model for the phonon-dominated thermal conductivity, we deduce the defect-limited phonon mean free path ${L}_{\ensuremath{\varphi}}$ from our data below 100 K. We find ${L}_{\ensuremath{\varphi}}$ approximately equal to ${L}_{a}$, the x-ray in-plane correlation length which had been related by Tuinstra and Koenig to the Raman intensity ratio ${I}_{1360}$/${I}_{1580}$. We show further correlations between ${L}_{\ensuremath{\varphi}}$ and the electrical resistivity \ensuremath{\rho}, the interplane distance (1/2)${c}_{0}$, and the c-axis correlation length ${L}_{c}$.
Changing Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Isolates from a Teaching Hospital in Northern Taiwan

ABSTRACT A changing molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream isolates from a university-affiliated hospital in Taiwan during a 4-year interval was demonstrated. The changing epidemiology is due to the introduction of a new epidemic clone (sequence type 5) and a local community clone (sequence type 59) of MRSA into the hospital.
Politica cientifica e tecnologica e dinamica inovativa no Brasil

O final da decada de 1990 marca uma mudanca no direcionamento da PCT brasileira: o gasto publico aumenta e e crescentemente direcionado as atividades inovativas empresariais. Essa mudanca na PCT, quando analisada tendo por base a visao de pesquisadores que estudam a trajetoria dessa politica a partir da contribuicao dos fundadores do Pensamento Latino-Americano em Ciencia, Tecnologia e Sociedade, marca o que consideramos a sua quarta geracao. Ela se caracterizaria por um aumento do esforco governamental para elevar a propensao das empresas locais a realizar P&D, que e identificada por eles e por esse pensamento como uma caracteristica estrutural derivada da condicao periferica de nossa sociedade. Adotando a perspectiva consagrada por aquele pensamento - a distincao entre politica de C&T explicita e implicita - e possivel encontrar exemplos da primeira modalidade que sustentam o argumento de que estariamos em presenca de uma quarta geracao: o crescimento significativo da execucao orcamentaria do MCT e das suas agencias, os Fundos Setoriais, a reativacao do FUNTEC, os incentivos fiscais previstos na Lei de Inovacao e na Lei do Bem e a subvencao economica. Depois de descrever essa mudanca, e mantendo aquela perspectiva, o trabalho penetra na esfera da politica implicita de CT os quais apesar de ha muito conhecidos, sao atualmente bem pouco lembrados pelo pensamento oficial Abstract
Geosynthetic capillary barriers: current state of knowledge

ABSTRACT: This paper provides theoretical background, laboratory data and full-scale measurements useful in understanding the interaction between soils and geosynthetics under unsaturated conditions. It also includes an evaluation of the current state of knowledge regarding the hydraulic properties of porous geosynthetics under unsaturated conditions relevant for geosynthetic capillary barrier design. These properties include the water retention curve and the hydraulic conductivity function. In addition, the mechanisms involved in the development of capillary barriers are evaluated to explain the storage of water at the interface between materials with contrasting hydraulic conductivity (e.g. a fine-grained soil and a nonwoven geotextile). Finally, specific applications are presented to illustrate new opportunities and applications that may result from a better understanding of the unsaturated hydraulic properties of geosynthetics. Experimental data are provided illustrating that geosynthetic capillary ba.