Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A pilot study of the reliability and validity of the Caregiver Activity Survey - Intellectual Disability (CAS-ID).

BACKGROUND People with Down's syndrome (DS) are at increased risk of Alzheimer-type dementia (AD) when compared to the general population. Despite AD being a serious progressive disorder, little attention has been paid to the impact of the illness on formal caregivers. In the general population, the Caregiver Activity Survey (CAS) is used to measure time spent by family caregivers assisting people with AD in their day-to-day activities of living. In order to plan appropriate models of health and social care effectively for people with AD and DS, it is imperative that the care requirements of individuals at different stages of dementia are realized. An amended version of this survey, the Caregiver Activity Survey - Intellectual Disability (CAS-ID), was developed and tested for use by professional caregivers in the present study. METHODS The CAS-ID was administered to 30 people with DS and their caregivers. Convergent validity was tested by comparing the results of the CAS-ID to other validated tests for cognitive and functional impairment in individuals with DS. Test-retest and inter-rater reliability were investigated. RESULTS The final version of the CAS-ID consists of eight items: dressing, bathing/showering, grooming, toileting, eating and drinking, housekeeping, nursing care-related activities, and supervision/ behaviour management. The scale had excellent test-retest reliability, and correlated strongly with the Down Syndrome Mental Status Examination (DSMSE; r = -0.770), the Test for Severe Impairment (TSI; r = -0.881) and the Daily Living Skills Questionnaire (DLSQ; r = -0.855). CONCLUSIONS The present authors provide preliminary evidence for the validity and reliability of the CAS-ID. This instrument offers a means of identifying and measuring care and resources requirements as this population experiences symptoms of dementia. Such information may help assist healthcare professionals in planning supports and services to address the care challenges evidenced at different stages of the disease process.
Factors affecting purchase intention on mobile shopping web sites

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore a conceptual model for analyzing customers' perceptions of using mobile commerce services for online shopping. This paper provides insights into consumer behavior, and the results have important implications for designers, managers, marketers, and system providers of mobile shopping (m‐shopping) web sites.Design/methodology/approach – An empirical investigation was carried out to test the hypotheses. The samples include 369 professional participants. For testing the relationships of the model, structural equation modeling (SEM) is used.Findings – The results demonstrate that anxiety, which is an affective barrier against using innovative systems, is a key negative predictor of a customer's intentions to use mobile phones. Also, the consumer's self‐perception of mobile skillfulness significantly affects anxiety, enjoyment, and usefulness. Furthermore, enjoyment, usefulness, and compatibility have an impact on a customer's behavioral intentions.Practical imp.
Outsourcing of supply chain processes: evaluating the impact of congruence between outsourcing drivers and competitive priorities on performance

DEDICATION I would be leaving out too many people if I were to dedicate this dissertation to anyone in particular. Instead, I want to dedicate this work to everyone that encouraged me to take this journey and to those who supported me over the past four years. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A tremendous number of people have provided me with guidance and assistance throughout my time as a doctoral student. I especially thank the staff, faculty, and my fellow students at Georgia Tech's College of Management for all of their assistance over the years.
Tyrosine kinases and osmolyte fluxes during hyposmotic swelling

Recent evidence documents the involvement of protein tyrosine kinases (TK) in the signalling network activated by hyposmotic swelling and regulatory volume decrease. Both receptor type and cytosolic TK participate as signalling elements in the variety of cell adaptive responses to volume changes, which include adhesion reactions, reorganization of the cytoskeleton, temporal deformation/remodelling of the membrane and stress‐detecting mechanisms. The present review refers to the influence of TK on the activation/operation of the osmolyte efflux pathways, ultimately leading to cell volume recovery, i.e. the osmosensitive Cl− channel (Cl), the K+ channels activated by swelling in the different cell types and the taurine efflux pathway as representative of the organic osmolyte pathway.
ENERGY DISSIPATION IN TURBULENCE

The accurate simulation of turbulent flows is a central computational challenge in many important applications, including global climate change estimation, environmental science, ocean and atmosphere dynamics, energy efficiency improvement and optimization of industrial processes. As an example, turbulence predictions are key to limiting the damage of hurricanes (estimated to be hundreds of billions of dollars in 2017). These are fundamentally non-linear problems that probed in this thesis through numerical computations and supporting mathematical analysis. The accuracy of turbulence models depends on their turbulent dissipation. The dissipation is studied and it is utilized to validate results with the Statistical Equilibrium Law as the benchmark: - In Chapter 3, the energy dissipation in a turbulence model discretized on an underresolved mesh is delineated. This is the first connection between computational experience and mathematical analysis in this direction [63]. -It is rigorously proved in Chapter 4 that the over-dissipation (wrong accuracy) of a turbulence model can be corrected using van Driest damping [62]. This had been an open question (e.g. [5] p. 78) since 1963. -The temperature in natural convection is uniformly bounded in time. Although the problem has been studied for a long time, no better bounds for the approximate temperature than an exponential growth in time were obtained e.g. [78, 79, 87]. In Chapter 5, it is proved that the temperature approximation is bounded sub-linearly in time by introducing a new interpolation [19].
On the triggering mechanism of Heinrich events

Although the classic interpretation of Heinrich events being produced by internal Laurentide ice-sheet oscillations (1) had some deficiencies, its simplicity permitted it to survive 2 decades. However, recent articles finally shed light on the mystery of how Heinrich events are triggered. In PNAS, Marcott et al. (2) reported Mg/Ca data from the northwest Atlantic Ocean revealing an AMOC (Atlantic meridional overturning circulation) slowdown accompanied by a large subsurface warming that occurred more than 1,000 years before Heinrich events. The crux, indeed, resided in the subsurface of the ocean. Thanks to recent observations around Antarctica, the poorly understood coupled effects between ocean and ice-sheet dynamics have been revealed to be crucial for understanding past massive iceberg purges. In this way, the observed control that a warming ocean exerts on the ice-streams regime (3), combined with the confirmed anticipation of an AMOC slowdown (4) and a large subsurface warming (2), clearly indicates a climatic precursor for Heinrich events. The scenario can thus be summarized as follows (Fig. 1 illustrates the mechanism specifically for Heinrich event 1):
How Does Knowledge Integration Occur during Information Systems Projects - An Empirical Investigation of the Influence of Social Capital

IS Projects are characterized by their organizational scope. They need to integrate the specific knowledge held by an organization’s members to succeed. To do so, broad exchanges between people inside and outside the project team are required. Knowledge integration, i.e. sharing and creation of new knowledge, is part of any project. Knowledge integration follows several phases that are often long and complex, depending on the actors involved. As a consequence, knowledge integration can be affected by the social capital of the project members. An empirical investigation in two French SMEs aiming to improve their information systems shows that the three dimensions of social capital (structural, relational and cognitive) influence the knowledge integration process, even if no differentiated effect is observed through the different phases of the process. The distinction of three phases in integration, mobilizing different levels of knowledge, is confirmed, offering a promising understanding of the knowledge creation mechanisms in context of IS projects.
Evaluating clinicians' user experience and acceptability of LearnTB, a smartphone application for tuberculosis in India.

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious killer, and India accounts for 2.8 of the 10.4 million TB cases that occur each year, making it the highest TB burden country worldwide. Poor quality of TB care is a major driver of the epidemic in India. India's large private, unregulated sector manages over 50% of the TB patients, with studies showing suboptimal diagnosis and treatment in the private sector. Better education of doctors using mobile applications (apps) is a possible solution. While India has seen an explosion of mobile phone services, and while the use of mobile health interventions has been gaining interest, little is known about mHealth around tuberculosis in India. METHODS Our study aimed to understand the user experience and acceptability of a smartphone application, LearnTB, amongst private sector academic clinicians in India. This study was conducted amongst 101 clinicians at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, India. The user experience of participants (part 1) and acceptability (part 2) were evaluated with the use of two valid, English, paper-based questionnaires. The first questionnaire was based on the System Usability Scale (SUS); the second questionnaire was based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data were collected during February and March 2017 and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression as well as logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A response rate of 99% was achieved; 100 participants responded to the second questionnaire and 100% of the participants responded to the first questionnaire. User experience was very high [mean SUS score =94.4 (92.07-96.76)]. Perceived usefulness (PU) was significantly correlated to intention to use (IU) (r=0.707, P<0.0001), and perceived ease of use (PEU) was significantly correlated to PU (r=0.466, P<0.0001). Path analysis confirmed the direct relationship between PU and IU (0.936, P<0.0001), and the indirect relationship between PEU and IU (0.5102, P<0.0001). Logistic regression analysis helped target items strongly influencing IU, such as "The use of the LearnTB application is compatible with my work habits" [OR =3.20 (1.04-9.84), P=0.004] and "The use of the LearnTB application could promote good clinical practice" [OR =5.23 (1.35-20.29); P=0.016]. CONCLUSION The first part of the study indicated high user experience of the LearnTB application. The TAM questionnaire (second part) explained a significant portion of the variance in clinicians' IU the LearnTB application. The PU of the application has the highest impact on the clinicians' IU the Learn TB application. This study provides a preliminary analysis of mobile health interventions for tuberculosis in India, and emphasizes the need for future research in this domain.
Distal cavity fluctuations in myoglobin: protein motion and ligand diffusion.

Experimentally, distal mutations in myoglobin substantially affect the contribution of fast and slow phases to picosecond geminate recombination of NO following flash photolysis. Earlier simulations of ligand diffusion among distal pocket mutants showed greatly differing rates of collisions between the ligands and the heme iron, suggesting that distal residues affect recombination by controlling ligand access to the iron [Gibson, Q. H. , Regan, R. , Elber, R. , Olson, J. S. , & Carver, T. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 22022-22034). In this work, molecular dynamics simulations of sperm whale myoglobin and mutations at positions 68 (E11) and 107 (G8) have been examined to investigate the structural mechanism that controls ligand diffusion and iron accessibility. Visualization of the distal ligand-accessible spaces shows a pattern of cavities (common to other hemoglobins and myoglobins) that fluctuate and interconnect due to protein motions. Access to the iron atom is highly sensitive to these fluctuations in the native structure, perhaps a reason for the strong conservation of distal residues. The positions of the helices surrounding the distal heme site were monitored to assess the involvement of more collective protein motions in ligand diffusion. Ligand migrations and collisions with the iron appear related to expansion of the distal protein matrix due to helix movements. The helices surrounding the distal site also make relative adjustments on the order of 0.5 A to accommodate the presence of a mobile diatomic ligand, suggesting a mechanism for communication between the heme site and the exterior of the protein.
Antecedents of travellers' electronic word-of-mouth communication

Abstract Electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) is recognised as a means of interpersonal communication and a powerful marketing tool. However, previous studies have focussed on related motivations, and limited attention has been given to understanding the antecedents of eWOM communication behaviour in the travel industry. This study proposes a full and partial mediation model, which brings together for the first time three key antecedents: adoption of electronic communication technology, consumer dis/satisfaction with travel consumption experience, and subjective norm. The model aims to understand the impact of these antecedents on travellers' attitude towards eWOM communication and intention to use eWOM communication media. The data were collected from international travellers (n = 524), and structural equation modelling is used to test the conceptual framework. The findings of the study suggest that overall attitude towards eWOM communication partially mediates the impact of the traveller's adoption of electronic communication technology and subjective norm, and fully mediates the impact of consumer dis/satisfaction with travel consumption experience on travellers' intention to use eWOM communication media.
Women’s Economic Empowerment through Financial literacy, Financial Attitude and Financial Wellbeing

Economic empowerment is a combination of individual’s knowledge, ability, skills and confidence for handling her own financial wellbeing. Increasingly, individuals are responsible for their own financial literacy and encountered with complex integrated financial instruments. The purpose of this study is to highlight the key constructs including financial literacy, financial attitude, financial wellbeing and economic empowerment and then present the impact of financial literacy, financial attitude and financial wellbeing on the economic empowerment. The sample size of this survey based study consists of 300 working women from non-financial sector. The results of this study indicate that financial literacy, financial attitude and financial wellbeing are positively and significantly related to economic empowerment. Higher the level of financial literacy and positive financial attitude in women, greater will be the financial wellbeing and ultimately increase women’s empowerment. Economic empowerment is found to be affected by age, education, income level, marital status profession, saving and investment behavior. Significant difference in economic empowerment was found on the basis of age and marital status of the respondent. Finally, results revealed that the presence of financial literacy, positive financial attitude and financial wellbeing is necessary for the economic empowerment of working women. Keywords: financial literacy, financial attitude, financial wellbeing, economic empowermen
Youth and Other Special Populations Youth Impaired Driving : Causes and Cotintermeasuies

Traumatic injury is responsible for more deaths among American adolescents and young adults age 14-24 than all other causes combined (Paulson 1983). Far and away the leading cause of traumatic injuries is traffic crashes (Robertson 1981; Lewis 1987). Traffic crashes have been cited as the cause of about half of all accidental deaths in adolescents and young adults and have also been cited as the cause of half of all spinal cord injuries (Robertson 1981). Not only adolescent drivers, but also their passengers (who tend to be adolescents) are at significantly increased risk when compared to older age groups (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety 1984).
Managing strategic consensus: the foundation of effective implementation

Executive Overview A frequent complaint of senior executives is that middle and operating managers fail to take the actions necessary to implement strategy. As one top manager told us. “It's been rather easy for us to decide where we wanted to go. The hard part is to get the organization to act on the new priorities. ” Implementation problems of this type are often the result of poor middle management understanding and commitment to strategy. In our research we've found that relatively few middle managers articulate the same goals as their superiors. More troublesome, other researchers have found that middle managers who disagree with strategic initiatives frequently work against their implementation. This article examines an approach to implementation that focuses on the level of strategic understanding and commitment shared by managers within the organization. A framework identifying four categories of strategic consensus is introduced and used as the basis for analyzing differences in how managers perce.
Impaired calcium signaling in muscle fibers from intercostal and foot skeletal muscle in a cigarette smoke‐induced mouse model of COPD

Respiratory and locomotor skeletal muscle dysfunction are common findings in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, the mechanisms that cause muscle impairment in COPD are unclear. Because Ca2+ signaling in excitation–contraction (E‐C) coupling is important for muscle activity, we hypothesized that Ca2+ dysregulation could contribute to muscle dysfunction in COPD.
Managing Complex Systems in Perioperative Medicine

At the present time, most clinicians find it difficult to get through a day without exposure to new reports in the mainstream media lamenting the failures of the modern medical system. Although the problem of the high cost of United States healthcare took center stage during the first term of the Clinton administration, the larger and more deeply rooted systems problems endemic to the field of medicine came to national attention with the Institute of Medicine’s seminal reports ‘‘To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System’’ in 1999 and ‘‘Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century’’ in 2001. These reports highlighted the prevalence of systemic problems of ‘‘misuse’’, or failure to execute clinical care plans properly, ‘‘overuse’’, or use of resources in the absence of evidence of benefit, and ‘‘underuse’’, the failure to employ practices of proven benefit. Since that time, clinicians and hospitals have been increasingly forced to comply with a torrent of new systems and performance standards, initiated by organizations such as the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, the Leapfrog Group, the Joint Commission, and the Surgical Care Improvement Project. Concepts such as ‘‘bundles’’ and pay for performance measures, unknown at the beginning of this decade, are now commonplace. However, although the application of systems approaches to healthcare delivery is a relatively new phenomenon, this
Low complexity PTS approaches for PAPR reduction of OFDM signals

The complexity of conventional partial transmit sequence (PTS) increases largely with the number of subblocks. Conventional PTS requires generation of all partial transmit sequences through IFFT operations and optimization of the weighted partial transmit sequences. Previously published simplification methods only focus on simplifying this optimization process. In this paper, we propose additional techniques to reduce the complexity of PTS, including a new combining technique which we call sequence modification (SM). By use of SM, both the number of IFFT operations and the complexity of the optimization process can be significantly reduced. Our simulation results demonstrate that PTS using SM preserves the good PAPR performance of conventional PTS.
Sex steroid influence on hepatic gluconeogenesis and glucogen formation.

Hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogen formation were studied in female rats following 21 days of parenterally administered sex steroids to assess the effects of these hormones on liver carbohydrate metabolism and their role in the development of insulin antagonism during pregnancy. Estradiol, progesterone or the two hormones in combination were administered in sesame oil, and control rats received oil alone. Daily dosages of estradiol and progesterone did not exceed 5 μg or 5 mg, respectively. 128 Animals were subdivided into 2–hr and 24–hr fasted groups. Percentage conversion of intravenous alanine— U–14C or pyruvate–3–14C into glucose–14C was followed over a 30 min interval. Suppression of this conversion was most consistently produced with the combined regimen in association with increased percentages of precursor radioactivity appearing in hepatic glycogen. Plasma insulin concentrations were significantly increased in all sex steroidtreated animals relative to control values as was the liver glycogen c.
Who Offers Internet Banking?

Banking over the Internet has attracted increasing attention over the past several years from bankers and other financial services industry participants, the business press, regulators, and lawmakers, both in the United States and in other countries. In part, this is due to the rapid and significant growth in electronic commerce ("ecommerce"), and the notion that electronic banking and payments will likely advance more or less in tandem with e-commerce. In addition, industry analyses outlining the potential impact of Internet banking on cost savings, revenue growth, and increased customer convenience have also generated considerable interest and speculation about the impact of the Internet on the banking industry. The public policy issues emerging with the development of Internet banking are also generating increased attention from banking regulators and other government officials. To date, however, because there is little systematic information on the nature and scope of Internet banking, much of the analysis of the benefits and impact of Internet banking has been based on anecdotal evidence and conjecture.The main purpose of this article is to help fill significant gaps in existing knowledge about the Internet banking landscape. Using information drawn from a survey of national bank examiners, we present data on the number of national banks offering Internet banking and the products and services being offered. In addition, we project the extent of Internet banking at the beginning of 2001 implied by the survey. We also investigate how national banks offering Internet banking perform relative to other national banks with respect to profitability, cost efficiency, and other characteristics. We separately examine de novo (newly chartered) national banks to investigate the extent to which new entrants are embracing Internet banking technology to a different degree than existing banks.