Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unpinning the Fermi level of GaN nanowires by ultraviolet radiation

We observe a significant increase in the photoluminescence intensity of GaN nanowires under continuous ultraviolet irradiation on a time scale of minutes. Experiments carried out under different ambient conditions demonstrate that this increase is caused by the photoinduced desorption of oxygen from the nanowire sidewalls. The slow, highly nonexponential temporal evolution of the photoluminescence signal is modeled by a random-walk approach. The model reveals that already desorbed oxygen molecules are likely to be readsorbed at adjacent nanowires. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements are performed to unravel the correlation between the oxygen desorption and the increase in the photoluminescence intensity. We find that the oxygen desorption unpins the Fermi level, which in turn leads to an increase in quantum efficiency by enhancing the radiative decay of excitons.
Democracy as Justification for Waging War

Democracy is positively valued. This positive evaluation extends to a democracy’s actions, even if it is to wage war. The authors investigated whether the perceived legitimacy of military interventions depends on the political structure (democratic vs. nondemocratic) of the countries involved and on the aggressor country’s popular support for the government’s aggressive policy. Participants learned that an alleged country planned to attack another. The political structure of both countries was manipulated in the two experiments. The support of the aggressor’s population toward military intervention was measured in Experiment 1 and manipulated in Experiment 2. Both experiments confirmed that military intervention was perceived as being less illegitimate when the population supported their democratic government’s policy to attack a nondemocratic country.
Cattle with a low bovine leukemia virus proviral load are rarely an infectious source.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an etiological agent of fatal B-cell leukemia and malignant lymphoma in cattle. Cattle with higher BLV proviral loads represent a higher risk of both horizontal and vertical transmission. Therefore, quantifying the proviral load of BLV is important in identifying major infectious sources and protecting BLV-free cattle from exposure to infected cattle. In this study, we confirmed that cattle with very low BLV proviral loads did not transmit the virus to virus-free cattle under conventional conditions. We observed a total of 7 tests in which a BLV-infected bull was allowed to cohabit with 57 to 92 BLV-free cattle for 12 or 22 months. We then evaluated the frequency of viral transmission. A BLV-infected bull with a “very low proviral load” (i.e., fewer than 100 proviral copies/50 ng of genomic DNA) did not transmit the virus to any virus-free cattle in 2 out of 2 tests. However, a BLV-infected bull with a “low proviral load” (i.e., 100 to 500 copies/50 ng) transmitted the virus to a total of 3 virus-free cattle in 2 out of 5 tests. These results suggest that BLV-infected cattle with “very low proviral loads” do not transmit the virus under conventional conditions, while cattle with “low proviral loads” can transmit the virus, although at low rates. We believe that the results of this study will promote the construction of effective measures to prevent BLV infection and control the spread of BLV.
In vitro pollen viability and pollen storage in Eucalyptus marginata (Myrtaceae)

Summary This study examines pollen germination in Eucalyptus marginata. In vitro pollen germination is best with a medium containing calcium and boron, such as the Brewbaker and Kwack medium (300 ppm hydrated calcium nitrate, 200 ppm hydrated magnesium sulphate, 100 ppm potassium nitrate and 150 ppm boric acid with 25% maltose). High levels of genotypic variability in pollen (10–60% viability) make it desirable to test the pollen quality of individual trees before use. Pollen of E. marginata has characteristics common to many other eucalypt species, but its adaptations to a relatively dry environment can be seen in its ability to germinate without prior desiccation, unlike pollen from cool temperate eucalypts. Daily changes in weather conditions have little effect on in vitro pollen germination in E. marginata. Pollen of E. marginata may be stored successfully at –20°C or -80°C for at least one year.
Influence of SOLO disinfectant on some properties of different denture lining materials

Denture lining materials are widely used in prosthodontic treatment and management of traumatized oral mucosa. A contaminated prosthesis can provide a source of cross-contamination between patients and dental personnel as well as a cause for denture stomatitis. Therefore, denture disinfection has been recommended as an essential procedure for maintenance of a healthy oral mucosa. This study investigated the effect of SOLO disinfectant solution on some properties of different denture lining materials. Materials and methods: Three different solutions were used in this study; SOLO disinfectant solution, sodium hypochlorite solution, and water on three types of acrylic denture lining materials; hot cure, cold cure, and soft acrylic resin. Twenty seven disk-shaped samples were used to evaluate the color stability and forty five rectangular samples were used for testing the surface micro hardness and surface roughness of the different denture lining materials. Data measurements of the color stability, surface hardness, and surface roughness were analyzed and compared statistically. Results: The color stability for the tested denture lining materials was insignificantly affected (p>0.05) by the immersion in the SOLO disinfectant solution. There was a highly significant difference (p 0.05) for cold cure denture lining materials when immersed in the SOLO disinfectant solution. For surface roughness there was no significant difference (p>0.05) by immersion in SOLO disinfectant solution for the different denture lining materials. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study SOLO disinfectant solution produced no adverse effect on the color stability, surface hardness, and surface roughness of the hot cure, cold cure, and soft acrylic denture lining materials
Knowledge Transfer as a Rational Choice: A Decision Theoretic Characterization

This paper presents a game theoretical framework to analyze the possibility of knowledge transfer about a game structure. We study, under asymmetric awareness of two agents in a game, what kind of knowledge can, or cannot, be transferred from one agent who has more knowledge to the other agent with restricted knowledge prior to playing the game. Such situations are generally characterized as a particular class of a recently developed framework of extensive-form games with unawareness and analyzed with the solution concept called rationalizability. We show some properties of such games and example analysis. Also we discuss some ideas to incorporate, in a more general way, inferences of the agents about knowledge transfer under asymmetric awareness.
Parenting styles and family characteristics as correlates of psychological distress among Nigerian adolescents

Many factors could be co-related with psychological distress in secondary school adolescents. Few of such factors are the style parents adopt in raising their adolescents, and the family characteristics in which adolescents are nurtured. This study was designed to look at the relationship between parenting style/family characteristics and adolescents’ psychological distress. Specifically, the study was designed to investigate the styles that parents adopt in raising their children, the family characteristics of adolescents, such as the family type, the family size and parental figure, and how these variables can contribute to psychological distress among secondary school adolescents. To guide the study, six hypotheses were formulated. The descriptive survey was adopted for the study, in which five schools were randomly selected for the study; selection of schools was restricted to only mixed gender schools in order to make comparisons easier. 40 students were selected from each of the schools making a total of two hundred (200) respondents. The respondents completely filled a questionnaire comprising a socio-demographic and family-related data sheet, a 12-item General Health Questionnaire, and a 30-item Parental Care Scale. The results showed that authoritative (p < 0.01, r = 0.633) and authoritarian parenting styles (p< 0.01, r =0.303) significantly and respectively correlated inversely and directly with psychological distress in adolescents. Permissive parenting styles and family characteristics did not correlate with psychological distress. These findings suggest that higher levels of control, which is characteristic of both authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles, may be a critical factor in the development of psychological distress. It is suggested that counsellors may help parents gain the knowledge and skills necessary to support their adolescents to fulfil their psychological needs. Counselling programmes can be designed for parents in line with the findings, parents’ discussion group and other means can be created with the aim of educating and enlightening parents on how the practices/styles that they adopt could have implications on the psychological wellbeing of their children. Key words: Parenting style, psychological distress, family characteristics, adolescents, secondary school correlate.
LEAN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: HYPE OR SUSTAINABLE NEW PARADIGM?

The idea of lean product development (LPD), with Toyota used as the main case in point of demonstrating its abilities, has gained attention among managerial levels of companies dealing with product development. Allegedly the main gains of LPD are a high rate of successful projects in terms of cost and quality along with shorter lead times as well as fewer overruns in time and budget. This paper investigates the lean product development concept in comparison with established models in the current product development paradigm in order to map out the main differences. It also compares LPD to the way product development is carried out in practice on the example of two large European automotive companies. The results show that the main differences, among others, can be found first in the way knowledge is honored and managed, and second how and when decisions are made along the process. From the discussion of the results, conclusions are drawn for potential improvements to traditional product development models.
Comprehensive approach to the National Network of Teleaudiology in World Hearing Center in Kajetany, Poland

To improve the quality of patient care, the Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing (IPPH) developed and implemented into the clinical practice in 2009 the National Network of Teleaudiology (NNT). NNT is a specialized network allowing the use of the internet and modern IT tools to provide medical care, rehabilitation and technical support for patients visiting a one of the affiliated policlinics of the Institute. This was the basis for the development and implementation of the implant fitting procedure, using modern internet and telediagnostic technologies - telefiting. This procedure, implemented in several centers throughout the country and aboard, solves the growing need for constant specialist care, check-ups and periodic reviews of speech processors. Clinical engineers, through teleconferencing links, can carry out the whole process of assessing and fitting the cochlear implant assisted by auxiliary staff of the cooperating center. Material of this study consisted of 316 cochlear implant users scheduled for telefitting in one of 8 centers selected for this study. Each patient underwent a teleconsultation procedure. After telefitting the patient was presented with a questionnaire consisting of questions relating to the quality and time effectiveness of telefitting and the preparation process, assessment of the ease of contact with the audiologist, the sense of security and calm during the session, and an overall assessment of its usefulness as an alternative to different kinds of standard visits. Significantly smaller distances that have to be overcome by patients to cooperating centers have significantly reduced the travel time. The benefits of the telefitting program include the results of surveys, the satisfaction of which was reported by majority of them.
The higher nomenclature of recent amphibians

The absence of rules in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature for nomenclature of taxa above superfamily is a source of instability and confusion, especially with the recent increase in number of higher taxa following multiplication of phylogenetic analyses. A recent proposal concerning such rules, submitted elsewhere, is briefly presented here, and its consequences regarding nomenclature of higher taxa of recent amphibians are summarised. The class nomen AMPHIBIA should be credited to DE BLAINVILLE (1816) instead of LINNAEUS (1758). The nomen LISSAMPHIBIA Haeckel, 1866 is an invalid junior synonym of BATRACHIA Brongniart, 1800, that applies to one of the superorders of the subclass including all recent amphibians. The valid nomen of this subclass is NEOBATRACHI Sarasin & Sarasin, 1890. The three orders of recent amphibians should be known as ANURA Dumeril, 1806, URODELA Dumeril, 1806 and GYMNOPHIONA Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1814. The nomina SAUENTIA Laurenti, 1768, CAUDATA Scopoli, 1777, APODA Oppel, 1811, ARCHAEOBATRACHIA Reig, 1958 and NEOBATRACHIA Reig, 1958 are invalid and should no longer be used.
Reviewing the relation between the problem solving skills of school of health students and their social skill levels

This research aims at reviewing the relation between the problem solving skills of health high school students and their social skill levels. It was planned to be descriptive. The universe of the research was composed of nursing students in the health high school. The sample was determined to be the whole of the universe. A written permission was taken from the management of the health high school regarding the research. Problem Solving Inventory and Social Skill Inventory; the form towards socio-demographic data prepared by the researchers was used. SPSS-16 software programme were used to analyze the data. The participants were a total of 248 people, with %76.2 female. 66 of the students are from the 1 st grade, 67 from the 2 nd , 58 from the 3 rd and 57 from the 4 th grade. When some substance use properties of the students were observed, %11.3 stated they smoke, %9.3 of the students stated that they drink alcohol. Statistically significant relations were determined between problem solving and sub-scales regarding social skills. A statistically significant relationship was identified between confidence in the problem solving skills and emotional expressivity. According to this, as the score average for confidence in problem solving skills increase, emotional expressivity decreases. That is, the non-verbal communication skills of the individual are decreasing. Consequently, as the problem solving skills of nursing students decrease, their social skill levels are decreasing as well.
New Artificial Intelligent Approach for Bubble Point Pressure

Bubble point pressure is the most crucial Pressure-Volume-Temperature property of reservoir fluid, which plays a critical role in almost all tasks related to reservoir and production engineering. There are numerous approaches for predicting various Bubble point pressure properties, namely, empirical correlations and few computational intelligence schemes. The achievements of Neural Networks (NN), Fuzzy Logic (FL) Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Expert System (ES) alone open the door to the Hybrid Systems; a genetically optimized neural network (GA-ANN) and Neuro-Fuzzy (NF) modeling techniques to play a major role in petroleum industry. In this paper, a novel comprehensive approach to the prediction of the bubble point pressure (Pb) using two hybrid systems (GA-ANN and NF) and Expert System is introduced. A total of about 160 data points from Middle East oil samples were used. Twenty three correlations of Pb are integrated to develop Expert System. The performance of the proposed techniques is compared against performance of the most accurate general correlations for Pb calculation. Statistical error analysis was also used to check the validation of the proposed techniques. From the results of this study, it can be pointed out that these methods are more accurate and reliable.
The Neotropical Amanita crebresulcata Bas: new citation from Northeast Brazil

Amanita crebresulcata Bas, uma especie originalmente descrita para o Estado do Amazonas, e referida pela segunda vez fora da Floresta Amazonica e pela primeira vez para o nordeste brasileiro. Sao apresentadas descricao, discussao e ilustracao da especie.
Effect of external pH on cyanobacterial phycobiliproteins production and ammonium excretion

In the present study, cyanobacterial strains isolated from Loktak Lake were investigated for their possibility of increasing the content of phycobiliproteins and ammonium excretion under different levels of pH. At pH 5.0, maximum amount of PE was observed in Nostoc sp. BTA-61 (111.10±9.43 µgmg-1). Maximum PC was expressed in Phormidium sp. BTA-1048 (155.17±10.15 µgmg-1). APC content was observed maximum in Nostoc commune BTA-67 (81.45±7.68 µgmg-1). At pH 6.0, high PE was observed in Nostoc sp. BTA-61 (125.11±11.60 µgmg-1). PC was maximum in Phormidium sp. BTA-1048 (168.15±9.58 µgmg-1). APC was highest in Nostoc commune BTA-67 (91.41±2.88 µgmg-1). Regarding at pH 7.0, PE was found in high quantity in Nostoc sp. BTA-61 (127.91±14.91 µgmg-1). PC was maximum in Nostoc commune BTA-67 (128.52±5.66 µgmg-1). APC was highest in Nostoc commune BTA-67 (96.40±3.52 µgmg-1). pH 8.0 showed high PE content in Nostoc sp. BTA-61 (115.75±6.27 µgmg-1). PC was highest in Phormidium sp. BTA-1048 (160.09±10.56 µgmg-1). APC was maximum in Nostoc commune BTA-67 (84.15±5.30 µgmg-1). pH 9.0 showed maximum PE content in Nostoc sp. BTA-61 (95.39±4.87 µgmg-1). PC was high in Phormidium sp. BTA-1048 (148.13±9.20 µgmg-1). APC was highest in Nostoc commune BTA-67 (77.43±5.78 µgmg-1). PE, PC and APC concentration was significantly higher (LSD test, p
A comparison of HONO budgets for two measurement heights at a field station within the boreal forest in Finland

Abstract. Atmospheric concentrations of nitrous acid (HONO), one of the major precursors of the hydroxyl radical (OH) in the troposphere, significantly exceed the values predicted by the assumption of a photostationary state (PSS) during daytime. Therefore, additional sources of HONO were intensively investigated in the last decades. This study presents budget calculations of HONO based on simultaneous measurements of all relevant species, including HONO and OH at two different measurement heights, i.e. 1 m above the ground and about 2 to 3 m above the canopy (24 m above the ground), conducted in a boreal forest environment. We observed mean HONO concentrations of about 6.5 × 108 molecules cm−3 (26 ppt) during daytime, more than 20 times higher than expected from the PSS of 0.2 × 108 molecules cm−3 (1 ppt). To close the budgets at both heights, a strong additional source term during daytime is required. This unidentified source is at its maximum at noon (up to 1.1 × 106 molecules cm−3 s−1, 160 ppt h−1) and in general up to 2.3 times stronger above the canopy than close to the ground. The insignificance of known gas phase reactions and other processes like dry deposition or advection compared to the photolytic decomposition of HONO at this measurement site was an ideal prerequisite to study possible correlations of this unknown term to proposed HONO sources. But neither the proposed emissions from soils nor the proposed photolysis of adsorbed HNO3 contributed substantially to the unknown source. However, the unknown source was found to be perfectly correlated to the unbalanced photolytic loss of HONO.
An Investigation into the Effects of Risks and Risk Management of Bioenergy Projects

Risk is an important component in project management and plays a key role in securing project finance in renewable energy sector. As the amount of companies making investment in renewables grow, so do the inherent risks in the different stages of the projects. This study seeks to obtain information, which will help examine the risks associated with bioenergy projects and the methods used to identify, manage and reduce them. The study is conducted in the form of a survey with data being gathered using questionnaires. The results of this study shows that although when taken as a whole, policy and regulatory risk is the most significant risk associated with renewable energy projects, financial and environmental risks are the most important risks related to bioenergy projects. These suggest that financing, which is one of the key elements in maintaining, building and operating bioenergy plants faces substantial obstacles in managing it risks. Moreover, the study shows that insurance coverage and company-based risk management functions are the most important risk management tools for managing financial and environmental risks respectively. It is recommended that governments should strive to include bioenergy stakeholders in their policy development in order to integrate industry’s perspective into the process.
Formation and Statistical Properties on Name Networks

In this paper, we investigate name network based on complex network theory. We study statistical properties of the network and find that name network show some important characteristics: not only small word effect, scale-free and the power-law distribution, but also disassortative mixing. The origin and formation of such properties are investigated from a macroscopic Chinese culture and philosophy perspective. It is interesting to find Chinese culture and philosophy may shape the formation and structure of names. According to the study, we can give some insight of names. Furthermore, understanding name network can help to knowledge Chinese culture. The hub nodes in the network show close relationship with Chinese culture. Learning the hub nodes, which effectively explain the origin of names.
Empirical Tests of Intransitivity Predicted by Models of Risky Choice

Recently proposed models of risky choice imply systematic violations of transitivity of preference. Five studies explored whether people show patterns of intransitivity predicted by four descriptive models. To distinguish ? true? violations from those produced by ? error,? a model was fit in which each choice can have a different error rate and each person can have a different pattern of true preferences that need not be transitive. Error rate for a choice is estimated from preference reversals between repeated presentations of the same choice. Results of five studies showed that very few people repeated intransitive patterns. We can retain the hypothesis that transitivity best describes the data of the vast majority of participants.
Testing Local Average Treatment Effect Assumptions

Abstract In this paper, we propose an easy-to-implement procedure to test the key conditions for the identification and estimation of the local average treatment effect (LATE; Imbens & Angrist, 1994). We reformulate the testable implications of LATE assumptions as two conditional inequalities, which can be tested in the intersection bounds framework of Chernozhukov, Lee, and Rosen (2013) and easily implemented using the Stata package of Chernozhukov et al. (2015). We apply the proposed tests to the draft eligibility instrument in Angrist (1991), the college proximity instrument in Card (1993), and the same-sex instrument in Angrist and Evans (1998).