Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fifteen-minute comprehensive alcohol risk survey: reliability and validity across American Indian and White adolescents.

OBJECTIVE American Indians (AIs) suffer from significant alcohol-related health disparities, and increased risk begins early. This study examined the reliability and validity of measures to be used in a preventive intervention trial. Reliability and validity across racial/ethnic subgroups are crucial to evaluate intervention effectiveness and promote culturally appropriate evidence-based practice. METHOD To assess reliability and validity, we used three baseline surveys of high school students participating in a preventive intervention trial within the jurisdictional service area of the Cherokee Nation in northeastern Oklahoma. The 15-minute alcohol risk survey included 16 multi-item scales and one composite score measuring key proximal, primary, and moderating variables. Forty-four percent of the students indicated that they were AI (of whom 82% were Cherokee), including 23% who reported being AI only (n = 435) and 18% both AI and White (n = 352). Forty-seven percent reported being White only (n = 901). RESULTS Scales were adequately reliable for the full sample and across race/ethnicity defined by AI, AI/White, and White subgroups. Among the full sample, all scales had acceptable internal consistency, with minor variation across race/ethnicity. All scales had extensive to exemplary test-retest reliability and showed minimal variation across race/ethnicity. The eight proximal and two primary outcome scales were each significantly associated with the frequency of alcohol use during the past month in both the cross-sectional and the longitudinal models, providing support for both criterion validity and predictive validity. For most scales, interpretation of the strength of association and statistical significance did not differ between the racial/ethnic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The results support the reliability and validity of scales of a brief questionnaire measuring risk and protective factors for alcohol use among AI adolescents, primarily members of the Cherokee Nation.
Heart Rate As a Biomarker in Heart Failure: Role of Heart Rate Lowering Agents

Heart failure (HF) is a common clinical condition affecting more than 5.8 million people in the United States, it remains the leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide. Ongoing challenges for biomarker identification include the need for objective assessment, measurement precision, and meaningful replication. Biomarkers not only serve as traditional predictors of prognosis, they can also help to identify high-risk patients who need closer monitoring and more aggressive therapy; therefore, we reviewed the use of heart rate (HR) as a biomarker in HF both of diagnostic and prognostic values, in addition, to being easily detected. HR is a determinant of myocardial oxygen demand, coronary blood flow, and myocardial performance and is central to the adaptation of cardiac output to metabolic needs. Increased HR is known to predict adverse outcome in the general population and in patients with chronic HF. Part of the ability of HR to predict risk is related to the forces driving it, namely, neurohormonal activation. We reviewed therapies, which slow the HR like &bgr;-blockers and ivabradine (a drug that is a pure HR-reducing agent), and all the clinical studies suggest the benefit of these drugs in the management of HF, and increasing evidence suggests HR as a biomarker of both diagnostic and prognostic values in HF.
Administrations of Peripheral Blood CD34‐Positive Cells Contribute to Medial Collateral Ligament Healing via Vasculogenesis

Neoangiogenesis is a key process in the initial phase of ligament healing. Adult human circulating CD34+ cells, an endothelial/hematopoietic progenitor‐enriched cell population, have been reported to contribute to neoangiogenesis; however, the therapeutic potential of CD34+ cells for ligament healing is still unclear. Therefore, we performed a series of experiments to test our hypothesis that ligament healing is supported by CD34+ cells via vasculogenesis. Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐mobilized peripheral blood (GM‐PB) CD34+ cells with atelocollagen (CD34+ group), GM‐PB mononuclear cells (MNCs) with atelocollagen (MNC group), or atelocollagen alone (control group) was locally transplanted after the creation of medial collateral ligament injury in immunodeficient rats. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunohistochemical staining at the injury site demonstrated that molecular and histological expression of human‐specific markers for endothelial cells was higher in the CD34+ group compared with the other groups at week 1. Endogenous effect, assessed by capillary density and mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, was significantly higher in CD34+ cell group than the other groups. In addition to the observation that, as assessed by real‐time RT‐PCR, gene expression of ligament‐specific marker was significantly higher in the CD34+ group than in the other groups, ligament healing assessed by macroscopic, histological, and biomechanical examination was significantly enhanced by CD34+ cell transplantation compared with the other groups. Our data strongly suggest that local transplantation of circulating human CD34+ cells may augment the ligament healing process by promoting a favorable environment through neovascularization.
Redefining renal dysfunction in trauma: implementation of the Acute Kidney Injury Network staging system.

BACKGROUND Acute renal failure (ARF) in trauma patients is associated with high mortality rates. There is currently no consensus definition for renal failure, however, the American College of Surgeons' Committee on Trauma (ACSCOT) defines ARF as a serum creatinine > or =3.5, blood urea nitrogen > 100, or renal replacement therapy. We hypothesize that by using the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) staging system we would identify smaller changes in renal function that may impact outcome, and may serve as a marker for mortality and other organ dysfunction. METHODS We retrospectively identified all trauma patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) for >48 hours during a 3-year period ending December 2007. Hourly urine output, serum creatinine, demographic data, trauma scores, admission vital signs, ICU and hospital length of stay, need for renal replacement therapy, organ failure, and death were collected and were stratified according to AKIN and ACSCOT renal dysfunction criteria. Trauma patients admitted to the SICU who did not develop renal dysfunction were used as controls. RESULTS A total of 571 patients were studied. Of those, only 17 patients (3.0%) were classified as having ARF by the ACSCOT criteria, whereas 170 (29.8%) had kidney injury using the AKIN criteria (146, stage 1; 15, stage 2; 9, stage 3). Compared with patients admitted to the ICU for > or =48 hours with normal renal function, patients meeting AKIN criteria had longer hospital and ICU length of stay (p < 0.001). Patients meeting AKIN criteria also had an increased incidence of multiple organ failure and death (p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Stratification using the AKIN criteria for acute kidney injury identifies an increased number of patients with renal dysfunction compared with the current ACSCOT criteria. Importantly, these patients have an increased risk of multiple organ failure and death. Inclusion into the AKIN criteria may be a marker for later morbidity and mortality.
Influence of contact geometry and current on effective erosion of Cu-Cr, Ag-WC and Ag-Cr vacuum contact materials

Effective ac erosion rates were measured for Cu-Cr, Ag-WC and Ag-Cr contacts in vacuum contactors. Half-cycle arc currents of 450-600 A rms were used, with the full gap set to 10%-25% of the contact diameter. The contacts parted during the rising current, and the arc stopped at the next current zero. The polarity changed for each operation to ensure uniform effects for both contacts. The effective linear volume erosion rate [cm/sup 3//C] was determined by monitoring the axial thickness of the contacts versus the number of operations. When this was converted to an effective mass erosion rate [/spl mu/g/C], it was significantly smaller than the reported absolute cathode erosion rate based on measured loss of cathode mass. Both the dependence of the effective erosion on the gap and the distribution of metal droplets on the arc shield were studied. Droplets were a significant cathode material loss which left the gap close to the plane of the cathode, while a large fraction of the ionized vapor leaving the cathode spots was deposited onto the anode. The effective erosion rate increased when spiral-slotted contacts were used.
The Association Between Anxiety Symptoms and Sleep in School-Aged Children: A Combined Insight From the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire and Actigraphy

The current study assessed the association between anxiety symptoms and sleep in 90 school-aged children, aged 6–12 years (Mage = 108 months, 52.2% male). The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and 14 nights of actigraphy were used to assess sleep. Anxiety was assessed using the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS). A significant association was found between parent-reported anxiety symptoms and current sleep problems (i.e., CSHQ total scores ≥ 41). An examination of SCAS subscales identified a specific association between generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms and increased parental sleep concerns, including sleep onset delay, sleep duration, and daytime sleepiness. Regarding actigraphy, whilst anxiety was not associated with average sleep variables, a relationship was identified between anxiety and the night-to-night variability of actigraphy-derived sleep schedules.
Long-term study of cell-mediated responses to Borrelia burgdorferi in the laboratory mouse

Borrelia burgdorferi infection of disease-susceptible (C3H) and -resistant (BALB) mice resulted in impaired proliferation to both T- and B-cell mitogens up to 30 days after inoculation. Interleukin-2 and -4 production was also impaired, paralleling the T-cell response to concanavalin A. Impaired lymphocyte proliferation could not be attributed to diminished numbers of T or B cells and was found to depend on the lymphoid organ (spleen or lymph node) examined. Prostaglandin production accounted for part of this immune dysfunction. Attempts to assess antigen-specific proliferation to B. burgdorferi were inconsistent, and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses were not detected. Adoptive transfer of T-enriched cells from chronically infected donors failed to prevent infection and disease development in recipient C3H mice. The current study emphasizes caution in the study of B. burgdorferi antigen-specific assays and argues against the role of a vigorous T-cell response in Lyme borreliosis in infected laboratory mice.
Effect of Dietary Protein on Egg Production and Immunity Responses of Laying Hens During Peak Production Period

The study was completely randomized design. Six hundred and seventy two commercial laying hens (Babcock B-308) from 21 to 33 weeks of age were used. The hens were divided into 3 groups; each group consisted with 6 replications of sixteen layers each, and then two hens were kept in a multiple-cage located in evaporative cooling house system. Feed and water were offered ad libitum . According to th e experimental groups, 3 levels of dietary protein (14, 16 and 18% CP) with similar energy content (2,750 ME kcal/kg) were given to the hens in order to investigate effects of dietary protein on their production performances, liver triglyceride, serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and immunity responses during peak production period. The results showed that hens received 14% CP diet had significantly poorer in production performances than the 16 and 18% CP groups. Liver weight of hens fed 14% CP diet was smaller than those of 16 and 18% CP diets (P<0.05). However, the protein conversion ration was significantly improved as decrease of protein consumption (P<0.01), while feed intake was not significantly affected by dietary protein levels. There were tendencies of increase of liver triglyceride and NEFA due to high protein consumption. For the immunological aspect, Newcastle disease (ND) titre of hens fed 18% CP diet was significantly higher than those of hens fed 16 and 18% CP diets (P<0.05). Except alpha-globulin and ratio of albumin : globulin that tended to decline, all serum protein fractions and serum total protein were tended to increase as protein levels increased. Spleen size was not affected by dietary protein levels.
Shell buckling of individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes using nanoindentation

Although the mechanical behavior of carbon nanotubes has been studied extensively in recent years, very few experimental results exist on the shell buckling of nanotubes, despite its fundamental importance in nanotube mechanics and applications. Here we report an experimental technique in which individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes were axially compressed using a nanoindenter and the critical shell-buckling load was measured. The results are compared with predictions of existing continuum theories, which model multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a collection of single-walled shells, interacting through van der Waals forces. The theoretical models significantly underpredict the experimental buckling load.
Implementation Quality Level of Health Public Service Policy in Banten Province Local Hospital (RSUD)

Public Hospital (RSUD) of Banten Province, as the Province Referral Hospital, is required to always improve the quality of service in every line to achieve excellent service and also to give satisfaction to the public. Public satisfaction is one of the goals that must be considered by Banten Province Public Hospital because one indicator in achieving the success of health services is the achievement of public satisfaction. On this basis, it is important for the Banten Province Public Hospital to make measurements on the public satisfaction. Related to that, this study aims to find out the quality of public services in Banten Province Public Hospital, which is measured through Public Satisfaction Index (IKM), including problems faced in the provision of public health services in Banten Province Public Hospital. The research method used is survey method with a quantitative descriptive approach. The data is obtained through questionnaires, observations, and documentation. The sample size is 100 people, which is determined by quota sampling technique. The results showed that quantitatively, the quality of public service in Banten Province Public Hospital based on Public Satisfaction Index reached 75.71, which is qualitatively categorized as good. Although it has been categorized as good, of the ten elements assessed, there are some elements that need to get serious attention, namely elements of information, complaint handling, the behavior of service personnel, service time, and supporting elements.
Understanding social media adoption in SMEs

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the key drivers of social media adoption intention by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach It uses a multi-perspective framework combining technological, organizational and environmental elements affecting SMEs. Data were collected from a random sample of 1,700 SMEs operating in the UAE. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Findings The results showed that the technology construct had no significant effect on social media adoption, but both organization and environment constructs were significant. Research limitations/implications This has implications for social media experts and anyone wishing to encourage social media use by SMEs. Originality/value Conceptually, it develops a suitable multi-perspective framework covering various factors that may affect social media use. It also tests the framework empirically on a sample of SMEs from the UAE.
Asset Ownership and Incentives in Agricultural Production

NUMBER OF AUTHORS HAVE NOTED THAT, relative to other producing sectors, the organization of agricultural production is unique (e.g., Nerlove 1996; Allen and Lueck 1998). In particular, it is noted that farming, with only a few exceptions and across a wide variety of political and economic environments, has been remarkably resistant to corporatization. Further, farm production is often carried out by relatively small, typically family-operated, production units. It is not difficult to find evidence backing up these claims. In the United States, for example, the U.S. Department of Agriculture reports that in 1997, “individual” or “family” farms made up 86 percent of all farms in the United States; this statistic is virtually unchanged from 1992 (85.9 percent), the year in which it was last reported (USDA 1992 and 1997). Moreover, of the remaining roughly 15 percent of farms, family partnerships and family-held corporations make up a substantial portion (USDA 1996). Somewhat paradoxically, other authors have noted that many agricultural markets have become increasingly industrialized during the last few decades, with a greater degree of vertical coordination observed between farmers and food manufacturers. The reasons cited include changes in the relative benefits and costs of direct coordination due to consumers’ increasing preference for processed/pre-prepared food items, and technological change allowing the efficient manufacture of such foods. How is it that relatively independent, family-run units continue to dominate farming while, at the same time, agricultural production and food manufacture become increasingly industrial in nature? The answer, of course, is that although in many cases their procurement methods have become more direct, food manufacturers have chosen not to engage in farm production but instead to rely mostly on arm’s-length contracts. For example, in a recent survey of California fruit and vegetable intermediaries, only 8 percent claimed to “grow within,” meaning that all production is obtained from acres owned by the intermediary (Wolf, Hueth, and Ligon 2001). Even in poultry, typically cited as the most heavily industrialized of the food sectors, production under vertically integrated structures accounts for only 15-20 percent of total output (Martinez 1999). Thus, while direct coordination between farmers and food
Medical cost containment: analysis of dual orthopedic/radiology interpretation of X-rays in the trauma patient.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the timing, accuracy, clinical impact, and cost of dual orthopedic and radiology interpretation of orthopedic trauma roentgenograms. DESIGN The investigation was performed in a combined retrospective-prospective fashion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Records of 25 retrospective and 25 prospective trauma patients with femoral fractures were reviewed and the radiology and orthopedic roentgenographic interpretations were compared in terms of four criteria: timing, accuracy, clinical impact, and cost. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The orthopedic surgeons documented reading 85% of 272 acute roentgenograms in the retrospective patients and 89% of 181 roentgenograms in the prospective patients. The orthopedist readings were immediate, 100% accurate, had significant impact on the patients' care, and incurred no additional cost. The radiologists read 59 and 75% of the retrospective and prospective roentgenograms, respectively. The accuracy rate was 94 and 96%, the time to reading averaged 7 and 4.6 days, and the estimated cost averaged $393 and $200 per patient, respectively. The radiologist readings had no impact on patient care. CONCLUSION This study suggests that routine radiology consultation of musculoskeletal films read by the orthopedic surgeon is not required for the care of the acute trauma patient.
Effectiveness of Cigarette Warning Labels: Examining the Impact of Graphics, Message Framing, and Temporal Framing

This study examines the effectiveness of cigarette warning labels, with a specific focus on the impact of graphics, message framing (gain vs. loss), and temporal framing (present-oriented vs. future-oriented) among nonsmokers in the United States. A controlled experiment (N = 253) revealed that graphic warning labels were perceived as more effective, stronger in argument strength, and were generally liked more compared to text-only labels. In addition, loss-framed labels, compared to their gain-framed counterparts, were rated higher in perceived effectiveness, argument strength, and liking. No significant difference was observed between the present- and future-oriented frames on any of the dependent variables. Implications of the findings for antismoking communication efforts are discussed.
Effect of Small-Sided Games and Repeated Shuffle Sprint Training on Physical Performance in Elite Handball Players

Abstract Dello Iacono, A, Ardigò, LP, Meckel, Y, and Padulo, J. Effect of small-sided games and repeated shuffle sprint training on physical performance in elite handball players. J Strength Cond Res 30(3): 830–840, 2016—This study was designed to compare the effects of small-sided games (SSGs) and repeated shuffle sprint (RSS) training on repeated sprint ability (RSA) and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests performances of elite handball players. Eighteen highly trained players (24.8 ± 4.4 years) were assigned to either SSG or RSS group training protocols twice a week for 8 weeks. The SSG training consisted of 5 small-sided handball games with 3-a-side teams excluding goalkeepers. The RSS consisted of 2 sets of 14–17 of 20-m shuttle sprints and 9-m jump shots interspersed by 20-second recoveries. Before and after training, the following performance variables were assessed: speed on 10-m and 20-m sprint time, agility and RSA time, CMJ height, standing throw, and jump shot speed. Significant pre-to-post treatment improvements were found in all the assessed variables following both training protocols (multivariate analysis of variance, p ⩽ 0.05). There was a significantly greater improvement on 10-m sprint, CMJ, and jump shooting, after the RSS in comparison with SSG training (+4.4% vs. +2.4%, +8.6% vs. +5.6%, and +5.5% vs. +2.7%, respectively). Conversely, agility and standing throwing showed lower improvements after RSS in comparison with SSG (+1.0% vs. +7.8% and +1.6% vs. +9.0%, respectively). These results indicate that these training methods are effective for fitness development among elite adult handball players during the last period of the competitive season. Specifically, SSG seems to be more effective in improving agility and standing throw, whereas RSS seems preferable in improving 10-m sprint, CMJ, and jump shot.