Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FRANSA’DAKİ ÜÇÜNCÜ KUŞAK TÜRKLERİN KÜLTÜREL UYUM DURUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ

Bu calismanin amaci, Turk kokenli gocmen ailelerinin cocuklari olan ucuncu kusak genclerin miras kulture karsi tutum ve farkindaliklarini belirlemektir. Bu cercevede, genclerin iki dillilige ve iki kulturluluge bakis acilarini goz onunde bulundurularak, iki kultur arasinda kendilerini nasil konumlandirdiklari ve miras kulturlerini koruyup koruyamadiklari saptanmaya calisilmistir. Calismanin yontemi iki asamadan olusmaktadir. Birinci asamada hazirlanan demografik bilgi formu araciligiyla katilimcilar hakkinda genel bilgi toplanmis, ikinci asamada ise, nitel arastirma veri toplama yontemlerinden biri olan gorusme yontemi kullanilarak verilere ulasilmistir. Boylece genclerin duygulari, dusunceleri ve yasam bicimleri hakkinda daha detayli bilgi edinilmistir. Katilimcilar, Paris’te yasayan ve yas ortalamalari 23 olan ucuncu kusak 30 Turk gencinden olusmaktadir. Elde edilen verilere gore, katilimcilarin dilsel ve kulturel boyutta kokenlerini koruma bilincine sahip olmalarinin yani sira Fransiz toplumuna uyum sagladiklari da tespit edilmistir. Bulunduklari kulturel ortama uyum saglamakla birlikte Fransiz kulturunun one gecmesine izin vermeden, iki kulturu bir arada yasayabildikleri gorulmustur. Okul hayati ve is hayatindan dolayi katilimcilar buyuk olcude Fransiz dilinde kendilerini gelistirdikleri icin, kulturel uyum dolayli olarak ana dil ve miras kulturu etkilemektedir. Bu baglamda, kulturel uyum karsisinda gocmen dili olarak hâlâ direnen Turk dili ve Turk kulturu icin onlemler almak gerektigi dusunulmektedir.
Mobile detection of autism through machine learning on home video: A development and prospective validation study

Background The standard approaches to diagnosing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) evaluate between 20 and 100 behaviors and take several hours to complete. This has in part contributed to long wait times for a diagnosis and subsequent delays in access to therapy. We hypothesize that the use of machine learning analysis on home video can speed the diagnosis without compromising accuracy. We have analyzed item-level records from 2 standard diagnostic instruments to construct machine learning classifiers optimized for sparsity, interpretability, and accuracy. In the present study, we prospectively test whether the features from these optimized models can be extracted by blinded nonexpert raters from 3-minute home videos of children with and without ASD to arrive at a rapid and accurate machine learning autism classification. Methods and findings We created a mobile web portal for video raters to assess 30 behavioral features (e.g., eye contact, social smile) that are used by 8 independent machine learning models for identifying ASD, each with >94% accuracy in cross-validation testing and subsequent independent validation from previous work. We then collected 116 short home videos of children with autism (mean age = 4 years 10 months, SD = 2 years 3 months) and 46 videos of typically developing children (mean age = 2 years 11 months, SD = 1 year 2 months). Three raters blind to the diagnosis independently measured each of the 30 features from the 8 models, with a median time to completion of 4 minutes. Although several models (consisting of alternating decision trees, support vector machine [SVM], logistic regression (LR), radial kernel, and linear SVM) performed well, a sparse 5-feature LR classifier (LR5) yielded the highest accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]: 92% [95% CI 88%–97%]) across all ages tested. We used a prospectively collected independent validation set of 66 videos (33 ASD and 33 non-ASD) and 3 independent rater measurements to validate the outcome, achieving lower but comparable accuracy (AUC: 89% [95% CI 81%–95%]). Finally, we applied LR to the 162-video-feature matrix to construct an 8-feature model, which achieved 0.93 AUC (95% CI 0.90–0.97) on the held-out test set and 0.86 on the validation set of 66 videos. Validation on children with an existing diagnosis limited the ability to generalize the performance to undiagnosed populations. Conclusions These results support the hypothesis that feature tagging of home videos for machine learning classification of autism can yield accurate outcomes in short time frames, using mobile devices. Further work will be needed to confirm that this approach can accelerate autism diagnosis at scale.
SCY-078, a Novel Fungicidal Agent, Demonstrates Distribution to Tissues Associated with Fungal Infections during Mass Balance Studies with Intravenous and Oral [14C]SCY-078 in Albino and Pigmented Rats

SCY-078, a fungicidal β-1,3-glucan synthesis inhibitor administered as intravenous or oral [14C]SCY-078 to rats, was distributed primarily into tissues associated with invasive fungal disease (kidney, lung, liver, spleen, bone marrow, muscle, vaginal tissue, and skin) to levels exceeding those in plasma. Oral fraction absorbed was ∼40%. ABSTRACT SCY-078, a fungicidal β-1,3-glucan synthesis inhibitor administered as intravenous or oral [14C]SCY-078 to rats, was distributed primarily into tissues associated with invasive fungal disease (kidney, lung, liver, spleen, bone marrow, muscle, vaginal tissue, and skin) to levels exceeding those in plasma. Oral fraction absorbed was ∼40%. Elimination was primarily via bile and feces (∼90%) and urine (∼1.5%). Mean half-time was ∼8 h. Quantitative whole-body autoradiography showed a rapid distribution at 8 h and elimination by 168 h postdose.
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Western Uganda: Disease of Uncertainty and Poor Prognosis

Objectives Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have symptoms that masquerade as benign conditions, resulting in late presentations. The objective is to describe characteristics and stages of patients with HNSCC and document their prognosis from clinical experience in western Uganda. Study Design Cross-sectional study with clinical follow-up. Setting Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. Subjects and Methods Fifty-one participants were recruited from February to July 2016. A questionnaire was used for patient characteristics, and staging, serologic studies, biopsy for histopathology, and immunohistochemistry were investigated. Staging was subclassified as early (stage I and II) and late (stage III and IV). Analysis was done with Fisher’s exact test. Results Of 51 participants, 44 (86.5%) were male; the group had a mean age of 57.7 years, and 41 (80.1%) presented with late stage. Of 10 participants who presented with early stage, 6 (60%) had laryngeal HNSCC. The pharynx was ranked as the highest subsite (n = 19, 37.3%), followed by the oral cavity (n = 9, 17.6%), the larynx (n = 9, 17.6%), an unknown primary (n = 8, 15.7%), and sinonasal area (n = 6, 11.8%). Tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and prior use of traditional remedy were common characteristics among participants. Moderate differentiation was the most common grade (n = 23, 45.1%). Helicobacter pylori, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and human papilloma virus type 16 were identified among 51 participants. However, none could afford referral for radiotherapy; hence, 1-year survival was 4%. Conclusion The majority of our patients with HNSCC present at late stage, and the prognosis is poor. There is great need for preventative community-based education and early screening services to save our population.
A Dense Vector Representation for Relation Tuple Similarity

Open Information Extraction (Open IE), which has been extensively studied as a new paradigm on unrestricted information extraction, produces relation tuples (results) which serve as intermediate structures in several natural language processing tasks, one of which is question answering system. In this paper, we investigate ways to learn the vector representation of Open IE relation tuples using various approaches, ranging from simple vector composition to more advanced methods, such as recursive autoencoder (RAE). The quality of vector representation was evaluated by conducting experiments on the relation tuple similarity task. While the results show that simple linear combination (i.e., averaging the vectors of the words participating in the tuple) outperforms any other methods, including RAE, RAE itself has its own advantage in dealing with a case, in which the similarity criterion is characterized by each element in the tuple, in cases where the simple linear combination is unable to identify them.
Fit & Strong! Plus Trial Outcomes for Obese Older Adults with Osteoarthritis.

Background and Objectives We compared the effectiveness of standard Fit & Strong! (F&S! ; targets physical activity [PA]) to Fit & Strong! Plus (F&S! Plus; targets PA and dietary weight loss) on weight, diet quality, and PA outcomes. Research Design and Methods We randomly assigned 413 overweight older adults with OA to the F&S! or F&S! Plus programs and assessed outcomes at 2 and 6 months. Results The F&S! Plus group lost -2.0 ± 0.2 kg (mean ± SE, 2% of starting weight) at 2 months that was maintained at 6 months. Two- and 6-month BMI and waist circumference improved significantly in the F&S! Plus group (p < .001). Diet quality at 2 months showed greater improvement in the F&S! Plus group: 4.6 ± 0.7 versus 2.0 ± 0.7, p = . 006, with no significant difference between groups at 6 months. The F&S! Plus group differentially improved on PA engagement at 2 months and at 2 and 6 months in joint pain (6-month mean ± SE: -1.5 ± 0.3 vs -0.6 ± 0.3, p = .02), function (-4.7 ± 0.9 vs -1.5 ± 0.9, p = .01), and 6-min walk test (29.5 ± 5.1 m vs 14.1 ± 5.2 m, p = .04). Discussion and Implications Adding a dietary weight loss component to F&S! achieved weight and waist circumference benefits that were maintained at 6 months. Importantly, the weight loss was accompanied by clinically meaningful improvements in OA symptoms and mobility. Future work should investigate minimum thresholds for weight reduction that improve long-term function in this population.
Morbidity Pattern among Under-five Children of Market Women in Ibadan

Background: The study was carried out in two large markets in Ibadan, namely: Bodija, a predominantly food market with poor environmental sanitation, and Gbagi, a textile market with a cleaner environment. Objectives: To compare the morbidity patterns among under-five children of traders in both markets. Design: A cross sectional study design was utilized. Patients and Participants: Mothers with under-five children in the two markets. Method: A structured questionnaire was administered to mothers of under-five children in both markets to obtain information about immunization and childhood illnesses among their children. A physical examination was also carried out on each index child. Results: A total of 232 and 219 children were seen in Bodija and Gbagi markets, respectively. Mothers in Gbagi had higher educational attainment than those in Bodija. Mothers' reports of fever, cough and diarrhoea affecting their children indicated a similarity in the prevalence of these symptoms among children in both markets. However, physical examination revealed that the children in Bodija had more signs of morbidity compared to those in Gbagi. The prevalences of anaemia, malaria parasitaemia and ascariasis were 28 percent, 20 percent and eight percent in Bodija, while the corresponding figures for Gbagi were eight percent, 17 percent and two percent (p Conclusion: Low educational status and poor environmental sanitation may put children at risk of childhood diseases. Improvement of environmental sanitation in large markets such as Bodija should improve the health of the traders, and the public, and also reduce morbidity due to childhood illnesses among the children of the traders. Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics Vol.30(4) 2003: 135-139
Changes in Soldier Nutritional Status and Immune Function During the Ranger Training Course

Abstract : Prompted by several infectious disease epidemics and the perception that weight loss was excessive, the US Army -anger Training Brigade requested an assessment of the effect of restricted rations on nutritional status, physical performance, and immune function during summer Ranger training. A comprehensive physiological evaluation of 55 volunteers who completed all 4 phases of the 8-1/2 wk course was made at the beginning and end of the course, with abbreviated measurements made at the end of each 2 wk phase. The study revealed that Ranger students have a decreased protection against infection, with decreased T- lymphocyte function. There was no evidence of a vitamin, mineral, or protein deficiency despite reduced rations, and extensive clinical chemistry profiles were remarkably normal, indicating that this is an uncomplicated energy deficiency (average energy expenditure and intake: 4010 and 2800 kcal/day, respectively). Weight loss was high (15.6% of weight) but recovery to original fitness levels occurred by 6 months after the end of training. It is concluded that as little as 300-400 kcal/day increase in intakes may attenuate decrements in physical performance and immune function. A follow-on study of the effects of an intervention using the LLRP ratio is proposed. Nutrition, energy expenditure, energy intake, weight loss, immune function, physical performance, medical problems, cellulitis, body composition, vitamins clinical chemistry.
Faster CryptoNets: Leveraging Sparsity for Real-World Encrypted Inference

Homomorphic encryption enables arbitrary computation over data while it remains encrypted. This privacy-preserving feature is attractive for machine learning, but requires significant computational time due to the large overhead of the encryption scheme. We present Faster CryptoNets, a method for efficient encrypted inference using neural networks. We develop a pruning and quantization approach that leverages sparse representations in the underlying cryptosystem to accelerate inference. We derive an optimal approximation for popular activation functions that achieves maximally-sparse encodings and minimizes approximation error. We also show how privacy-safe training techniques can be used to reduce the overhead of encrypted inference for real-world datasets by leveraging transfer learning and differential privacy. Our experiments show that our method maintains competitive accuracy and achieves a significant speedup over previous methods. This work increases the viability of deep learning systems that use homomorphic encryption to protect user privacy.
Intermediate Level Adversarial Attack for Enhanced Transferability

Neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, malicious inputs crafted to fool trained models. Adversarial examples often exhibit black-box transfer, meaning that adversarial examples for one model can fool another model. However, adversarial examples may be overfit to exploit the particular architecture and feature representation of a source model, resulting in sub-optimal black-box transfer attacks to other target models. This leads us to introduce the Intermediate Level Attack (ILA), which attempts to fine-tune an existing adversarial example for greater black-box transferability by increasing its perturbation on a pre-specified layer of the source model. We show that our method can effectively achieve this goal and that we can decide a nearly-optimal layer of the source model to perturb without any knowledge of the target models.
Body Dissatisfaction Revisited: On the Importance of Implicit Beliefs about Actual and Ideal Body Image

Body dissatisfaction (i.e., a negative attitude towards one’s own physical appearance) is assumed to originate from a perceived discrepancy between the actual physical appearance (i.e., actual body image) and the desired ideal state of the body (i.e., ideal body image). We assessed implicit beliefs about these two aspects of the body image independently using two Relational Responding Tasks (RRT) in a sample of participants who were either low or high in explicitly reported body dissatisfaction. As hypothesized, differences in body dissatisfaction exerted a differential influence on the two RRT scores. The implicit belief that one is thin was less pronounced in participants who were strongly dissatisfied with their body relative to participants who were more satisfied with their body. The implicit desire to be thin (i.e., thin ideal body image), in contrast, tended to be more pronounced in participants who exhibited a high degree of body dissatisfaction as compared to participants who exhibited a low degree of body dissatisfaction. Hierarchical regression analyses also revealed that the RRT scores were predictive of self-reported body dissatisfaction, even over and above the predictive validity of some (but not all) explicit predictors of body dissatisfaction that were included in the present study. More generally, these findings contribute to the empirical validation of the RRT as a measure of implicit beliefs in the context of body dissatisfaction.
Overexpression of Prokineticin 2 in Transgenic Mice Leads to Reduced Circadian Behavioral Rhythmicity and Altered Molecular Rhythms in the Suprachiasmatic Clock

In mammals, the master pacemaker driving circadian rhythms is thought to reside in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. A clear view of molecular clock mechanisms within the SCN neurons has been elucidated. In contrast, much less is known about the output mechanism by which the SCN circadian pacemaker sends timing information for eventual control of physiological and behavioral rhythms. Two secreted molecules, prokineticin 2 (PK2) and vasopressin, that are encoded by respective clock-controlled genes, have been indicated as candidate SCN output molecules. Several lines of evidence have emerged that support the role of PK2 as an output signal for the SCN circadian clock, including the reduced circadian rhythms in mice that are deficient in PK2 or its receptor, PKR2. In the current study, transgenic mice with the overexpression of PK2 have been generated. These transgenic mice displayed reduced oscillation of the PK2 expression in the SCN and decreased amplitude of circadian locomotor rhythm, supporting the important signaling role of PK2 in the regulation of circadian rhythms. Altered molecular rhythms were also observed in the SCN in the transgenic mice, indicating that PK2 signaling also regulates the operation of core clockwork. This conclusion is consistent with recent reports showing the likely signaling role of PK2 from the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells to SCN neurons. Thus, PK2 signaling plays roles in both the input and the output pathways of the SCN circadian clock.
Increased expression of L‐plastin in nasal polyp of patients with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐exacerbated respiratory disease

Most patients with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) suffer from recurrence of nasal polyps. However, little is known about the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of nasal polyp development in patients with NERD in particular, especially at baseline when cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitors are not present. The objectives of this study were to identify proteins involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps in patients with NERD.
Aspirin ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through interleukin-11–mediated protection of regulatory T cells

Aspirin stimulates production of the cytokine IL-11, which promotes regulatory T cell stability to suppress autoimmunity. Aspirin protects Tregs Aspirin is a common pain reliever that inactivates the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is required for the synthesis of inflammatory prostaglandins and thromboxane. Mondal et al. found that aspirin also reduced the development of disease in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis (MS), by reversing the depletion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) that occurs during the disease. The effects of aspirin required the cytokine IL-11, which was itself sufficient to promote Treg stability and protect the mice from EAE development. These data suggest that low-dose aspirin regimens may benefit patients with MS. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a human disease that results from autoimmune T cells targeting myelin protein that is expressed within the central nervous system. In MS, the number of FoxP3-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) is reduced, which facilitates the activation of autoreactive T cells. Because aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is the most widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, we examined its immunomodulatory effect in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. We found that low-dose aspirin suppressed the clinical symptoms of EAE in mouse models of both relapsing-remitting and chronic disease. Aspirin reduced the development of EAE driven by myelin basic protein (MBP)–specific T cells and the associated perivascular cuffing, inflammation, and demyelination. The effects of aspirin required the presence of CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs. Aspirin increased the amounts of Foxp3 and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in T cells and suppressed the differentiation of naïve T cells into T helper 17 (TH17) and TH1 cells. Aspirin also increased the transcription of Il11 mediated by the transcription factor CREB, which was necessary for the generation of Tregs. Neutralization of IL-11 negated the effects of aspirin on Treg development and exacerbated EAE. Furthermore, we found that IL-11 alone was sufficient to maintain the percentage of FoxP3+ Tregs and protect mice from EAE. These results identify a previously uncharacterized mode of action of aspirin.
Effect of Spinal Cord Stimulation on Early Disability Pension in 198 Failed Back Surgery Syndrome Patients: Case-Control Study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has proven to be a cost-effective treatment for failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). However, the effect on patients’ working capability remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of SCS on working capability and to identify the factors behind permanent disability in FBSS patients. METHODS The study group consisted of 198 working-age patients with SCS trialed or implanted for FBSS in a single center between 1996 and 2014. For each patient, 3 living controls, matched by age, gender, and birthplace, were otherwise randomly selected by the Population Register Center. The data on working ability were obtained from the Social Insurance Institution. Patients were divided into 3 groups: SCS trial only, SCS implanted permanently, and SCS implanted but later explanted. RESULTS A rehabilitation subsidy was given to 68 patients and 8 controls for a mean of 5.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4-8.2) and 0.2 (95% CI 0.05-0.6) days per month (P < .05). At the end of follow-up, 16 (37%), 13 (33%), 25 (22%), and 27 (5%) subjects were on disability pension (DP) in the SCS trial, SCS explanted, SCS permanent, and control groups. Patients in the SCS trial-only group were significantly more often on DP than were patients with permanent SCS (odds ratio 2.6; 95% CI 1.2-5.9; P = .02) CONCLUSION Permanent SCS usage was associated with reduced sick leave and DP. Prospective study will be required to assess possible predictive value.