Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HDO/H 2 O ratio retrievals from GOSAT

Abstract. We report a new shortwave infrared (SWIR) retrieval of the column-averaged HDO/H2O ratio from the Japanese Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). From synthetic simulation studies, we have estimated that the inferred δD values will typically have random errors between 20‰ (desert surface and 30° solar zenith angle) and 120‰ (conifer surface and 60° solar zenith angle). We find that the retrieval will have a small but significant sensitivity to the presence of cirrus clouds, the HDO a priori profile shape and atmospheric temperature, which has the potential of introducing some regional-scale biases in the retrieval. From comparisons to ground-based column observations from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), we find differences between δD from GOSAT and TCCON of around −30‰ for northern hemispheric sites which increase up to −70‰ for Australian sites. The bias for the Australian sites significantly reduces when decreasing the spatial co-location criteria, which shows that spatial averaging contributes to the observed differences over Australia. The GOSAT retrievals allow mapping the global distribution of δD and its variations with season, and we find in our global GOSAT retrievals the expected strong latitudinal gradients with significant enhancements over the tropics. The comparisons to the ground-based TCCON network and the results of the global retrieval are very encouraging, and they show that δD retrieved from GOSAT should be a useful product that can be used to complement datasets from thermal-infrared sounder and ground-based networks and to extend the δD dataset from SWIR retrievals established from the recently ended SCIAMACHY mission.
The Impact of Barriers to Export on Export Marketing Performance

Abstract This study examines the impact that various barriers to export have on the export marketing performance of Queensland export market ventures. This study considers a comprehensive set of potential barriers to export identified from the literature. The unit of analysis was firms engaged in exporting to foreign markets. Data were gathered via a self-administered mail survey directed to the Managing Director of 689 Queensland firms, identified by a Queensland State Government department as being involved in exporting. The firms comprising the sample were manufacturing firms. The findings indicate that export venture management characteristics, and adapting to foreign market needs as barriers to export, were the significant predictors of export marketing performance.
Forecasting Volatility in Sub-Saharan Africa's Commodity Markets

Using spot prices from eighteen commodities traded by most Sub-Saharan African countries, this paper evaluates the out-of-sample volatility forecasting efficiency of seven models. The models evaluated included random walk, simple regression and five models from the ARCH family of models. Standard loss functions are used to examine the relative performance of the competiting models. The non-ARCH family of models consistently outperformed the ARCH family of models on all the evaluation criteria. Of the two non-ARCH family of models, the autoregressive model was superior. The results of the study suggest that government agencies in Sub-Saharan Africa that manage inflows from commodity markets can use autoregressive models in predicting volatility of inflows. Again, risk management strategies will be best served with autoregressive models.
Holistic behaviour of concrete buildings in fire

This paper discusses various modes of structural behaviour of a concrete building when subjected to a fire, based on observations from a full-scale test. Although some data were lost during the test, the available results and observations presented provide a valuable insight into the holistic behaviour of concrete buildings when subjected to fire. The tested building was constructed using elements formed from normal and high-strength concrete and was designed for 60 min fire resistance, using the UK Design Code. High-strength concrete was used for the columns within the fire compartment and since it has previously been shown that this type of concrete is susceptible to spalling, polypropylene fibres were added to the concrete mix during construction to alleviate the problem. Both the UK and European codified design methods suggest that concrete spalling within the fire compartment should have been nominal and could effectively be ignored during the design. However the test showed that spalling of the floo.
What powers the starburst activity of NGC 1068? Star-driven gravitational instabilities caught in the act

We explore the role that gravitational instability plays in NGC 1068, a nearby Seyfert galaxy that exhibits unusually vigorous starburst activity. For this purpose, we use the Romeo–Falstad disc instability diagnostics and data from the BIMA Survey of Nearby Galaxies, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Spectrographic Areal Unit for Research on Optical Nebulae. Our analysis illustrates that NGC 1068 is a gravitationally unstable ‘monster’. Its starburst disc is subject to unusually powerful instabilities. Several processes, including feedback from the active galactic nucleus and starburst activity, try to quench such instabilities from inside out by depressing the surface density of molecular gas across the central kpc, but they do not succeed. Gravitational instability ‘wins’ because it is driven by the stars via their much higher surface density. In this process, stars and molecular gas are strongly coupled, and it is such a coupling that ultimately triggers local gravitational collapse/fragmentation in the molecular gas.
NON-DARCY FULLY DEVELOPED MIXED CONVECTION IN A POROUS MEDIUM CHANNEL WITH HEAT GENERATION/ABSORPTION AND HYDROMAGNETIC EFFECTS

Abstract Volume-averaged equations are developed governing steady, laminar, fully developed, hydromagnetic mixed convection non-Darcian flow of an electrically conducting and heat-generating / absorbing fluid in a channel embedded in a uniform porous medium. Proper dimensionless parameters are employed for various thermal boundary conditions on the left and right walk of the channel prescribed as isothermal-isothermal, isothermal-iso-flux, and isoflux-isothermal. Analytical expressions for the velocity and temperature profiles in the channel as well as for the mass flow rate, friction factor, and heat carried out by the fluid in the channel are developed for special cases of the problem. Conditions for the occurrence of fluid backflow zones are reported. The fully nonlinear governing equations are solved numerically by an implicit finite difference method. Favorable comparisons with the developed analytical results and previously published work are performed. Graphical results of the closed-form and numer.
Heavy metals and yield of cowpea cultivated under composted tannery sludge amendment

The study aimed to evaluate the phytoavailability of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb) concentrations in leaves and grains, and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) grown in soil amended with composted tannery sludge (CTS) for two consecutive years. The experiments were carried out in 2009 and 2010 in soil amended with CTS at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 Mg ha -1 . The CTS amendment rates applied were above 10 Mg ha -1 , increased Cr concentrations in cowpea leaves. There were not increases in the heavy metals concentrations in cowpea grains after two years. In 2009, the application of CTS amendment did not promote increase in plant yield. However, in 2010, CTS amendment at 10 and 20 Mg ha -1 increased cowpea yield. The amendment of composted tannery sludge linearly increased linearly the concentration of Cr in the leaves of cowpea after two years. Composted tannery sludge promoted increases in cowpea yield.
Are Human Rights and Economic Well-Being Substitutes? Evidence from Migration Patterns Across the Indian States

The objective of this paper is to study the relationship between the demand for human rights and the demand for economic prosperity from the “exit” perspective, looking at migration patterns. We investigate intra-national migration in India, which is a federation of various states that feature significant economic and political differences. The paper finds that the quality of human rights protection and the economic well-being in the target state are substitutes with respect to determining patterns of migration. These results depend on framing effects; human rights complaints appear to be interpreted differently by migrants, depending on the trust in the government in the target state.
Perceived Environmental Uncertainty for Startups: A Note on Entrepreneurship Research from an Indian Perspective

In an entrepreneurship environment, understanding uncertainty is critical to startups because it is directly related to the context of decision making. In an emerging country such as India, uncertainties are more predominant due to the very nature of the emerging country, which is characterized by an underdeveloped institutional setup, a lack of protection for legal and intellectual property rights, underdeveloped factor markets, and high transaction costs. In this article, a systematic review of the existing literature on environment and uncertainty in an entrepreneurial, emerging-economy context identifies a gap of a new scale for perceived environmental uncertainty. Three primary contributions are made by this research. First, a literature review for existing uncertainty scales and their evaluation in the context of emerging countries is provided. Second, the research identifies a gap in the uncertainty measurement literature that is relevant to emerging economies. Finally, this study proposes a future research scope that can bridge the identified gap by exploring the factors of uncertainty in emerging countries.
The Parasite Fauna of Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) in Iceland: Prevalence, Intensity, and Distribution Within the Host Population

Abstract One hundred rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta), including 30 each of juvenile males and females, and 20 each of adult males and females, were collected in October 2006 in northeast Iceland to study their parasite fauna. Fourteen different parasite species were identified: 6 endoparasites (including the protozoans Eimeria muta, Eimeria rjupa; the heterokontophyt Blastocystis sp.; the nematodes Capillaria caudinflata and Trichostrongylus tenuis; and the cestode Passerilepis serpentulus) and 8 ectoparasites (including the feather mites Metamicrolichus islandicus, Strelkoviacarus holoaspis, Tetraolichus lagopi, and Myialges borealis; the feather lice Goniodes lagopi, Lagopoecus affinis, and Amyrsidea lagopi; and the louse fly Ornithomya chloropus). Blastocystis sp. , P. serpentulus and A. lagopi are new host records. All parasite species showed aggregated distributions. Six species, E. rjupa, P. serpentulus, M. islandicus, G. lagopi, L. affinis, and O. chloropus, were more prevalent in juveniles than in adults, and 2 species, Blastocystis sp. and T. tenuis, were more prevalent in adults than in juveniles. The remaining species did not show age-related differences in prevalence. Blastocystis sp. is the only possible zoonotic parasite.
Character strengths, life satisfaction and orientations to happiness - a study of the Nordic countries

Health promotion and positive psychology both focus on the positive aspects of health, and share a view in which the prevention of health problems are as important as repairing damage. Whereas much is known about how to promote physical health, research is now also emerging on how to promote mental health. One way of elevating mental well-being, is through focusing on personal virtues and character strengths. This study used data collected from the Authentic Happiness web site, and investigated different aspects of the relative prevalence of the VIA character strengths in the Nordic countries (N = 1601). The main findings indicated six categories of character strengths, which in part correspond to the theoretical classification of the strengths. The most commonly endorsed strengths were curiosity, fairness, judgment, love, and love of learning. The countries showed converging strengths profiles. Some small differences were found between the genders and the different age groups. In general women scored higher on the strengths than men, and typically scores increased with age. Hope, zest, gratitude, love, and curiosity were robustly associated with subjective well-being. The character strengths turned out to be highly predictive of subjective well-being, explaining 51.6% of the total variance after demographic variables had been accounted for. In this sample, only meaning turned out to be significantly related to subjective well-being, whereas the other orientations to happiness, engagement and pleasure, were not. These results may have implications for future research of virtues and strengths in positive psychology, and for health promotion practice.
Teacher Talk in EFL Classrooms A Look at Different Perspectives

800x600 Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji tuturan guru dari berbagai perspektif. Tuturan guru adalah jenis bahasa yang digunakan guru dalam proses belajar-mengajar. Lebih spesifik lagi, penelitian ini membicarakan tentang tuturan guru dalam seting kelas EFL. Ciri-ciri dari tuturan guru, banyaknya tuturan guru dalam seting kelas EFL adalah sangat penting untuk dibahas. Hasil dari beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa pembicaraan dalam kelas EFL didominasi oleh guru. Ini berarti bahwa pelajar hanya mendapatkan sedikit kesempatan untuk menggunakan target language (TL). Guru mememodifikasi tuturan dalam kelas EFL dalam berbagai cara. Mereka memodifikasi aspek interaksi, sintaktik, leksikal, dan fonologikal. Dengan menginvestigasi fenomena diatas, diharapkan pelajar dan guru dapat memperoleh manfaat. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
A Dynamic Additive and Multiplicative Effects Model with Application to the United Nations Voting Behaviors

In this paper, we introduce a statistical regression model for discrete-time networks that are correlated over time. Our model is a dynamic version of a Gaussian additive and multiplicative effects (DAME) model which extends the latent factor network model of Hoff (2009) and the additive and multiplicative effects model of Hoff et al. (2013), by incorporating the temporal correlation structure into the prior specifications of the parameters. The temporal evolution of the network is modeled through a Gaussian process (GP) as in Durante and Dunson (2013), where we estimate the unknown covariance structure from the dataset. We analyze the United Nations General Assembly voting data from 1983 to 2014 (Voeten et al., 2016) and show the effectiveness of our model at inferring the dyadic dependence structure among the international voting behaviors as well as allowing for a varying number of nodes over time. Overall, the DAME model shows significantly better fit to the dataset compared to alternative approaches. Moreover, after controlling for other dyadic covariates such as geographic distances and bilateral trade between countries, the model-estimated additive effects, multiplicative effects, and their movements reveal interesting and meaningful foreign policy positions and alliances of various countries.
A Survey of Timing Verification Techniques for Multi-Core Real-Time Systems

This survey provides an overview of the scientific literature on timing verification techniques for multi-core real-time systems. It reviews the key results in the field from its origins around 2006 to the latest research published up to the end of 2018. The survey highlights the key issues involved in providing guarantees of timing correctness for multi-core systems. A detailed review is provided covering four main categories: full integration, temporal isolation, integrating interference effects into schedulability analysis, and mapping and allocation. The survey concludes with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of these different approaches, identifying open issues, key challenges, and possible directions for future research.
Effects of Achyranthes Bidentata Polysaccharide on Growth Performance, Immunological, Adrenal, and Somatotropic Responses of Weaned Pigs Challenged with Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide

A study was conducted with 48 weaned barrows (28±3 d, 8.45±0.14 kg) to determine the effect of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABPS) supplementation on pig performance, immunological, adrenal and somatotropic responses following Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. The experiment was a 2x2 factorial design; the main factors included diet (supplementation with 0 or 500 mg/kg ABPS) and immunological challenge (LPS or saline). On d 14 and 21 of the trial, pigs were given an intraperitoneal injection with either 100 μg/kg BW of LPS or an equivalent amount of sterile saline. Blood samples were obtained 3 h after injection for analysis of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), cortisol, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and immunoglobulin G (IgG). On d 2 after LPS challenge, peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation (PBLP) was measured. LPS administration decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.05), had a tendency to decrease average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.10) during both the first and second challenge periods and increased (p<0.05) feed:gain ratio only during the first challenge period. ABPS tended to improve ADG (p<0.10) during the first challenge period, and improved ADG (p<0.05) and tended to improve ADFI (p<0.10) during the second challenge period. ABPS did not affect feed:gain ratio. An interaction (p<0.05) between LPS challenge and diet was observed for the plasma concentrations of TNF-a, PGE 2 and cortisol after both LPS challenges such that, among LPS-treated pigs, pigs fed the ABPS diet were lower for these indices than those receiving the control diet. In contrast, pigs fed the ABPS diet had higher IGF-I (p<0.05) compared with those fed the control diet. No effect of diet, LPS challenge or both on GH and IgG was observed after both LPS administrations. LPS challenge increased PBLP when these cells were incubated with 8 μg/ml of LPS during both the challenge periods, and did likewise when incubated with 8 μg/ml of concanavalin A only after the first challenge. ABPS had no effect on PBLP. These data demonstrate that ABPS alters the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines following an immunological challenge, which might enable pigs to achieve better performance.
Exact Solution for Functionally Graded Anisotropic Elastic Composite Laminates

Exact solutions are derived for three-dimensional, anisotropic, linearly elastic, and functionally graded rectangular composite laminates under simply supported edge conditions. The solutions are expressed in terms of an elegant formalism that resembles the Stroh formalism, and the composite laminates can be made of multilayered functionally graded materials with their properties varying exponentially in the thickness direction. The present solution extends Pagano's solution to the functionally graded material, and can serve as a benchmark to the modeling of functionally graded composite laminates based on various numerical methods. Typical results of the present solution are discussed for a single functionally graded plate and a bi-layer plate with a functionally graded layer overlying a homogeneous layer. For both plates, a simple load is applied on their top surfaces. It is shown that with a suitable functionally graded layer, the tensile stress on the top surface (or the compressive stress on the bottom surface for a homogeneous layer overlying a functionally graded layer) of the bi-layer plate can be reduced. This interesting feature could be useful in the design of functionally graded composite laminates.
FROM BINARIES TO MULTIPLES. I. DATA ON F AND G DWARFS WITHIN 67 pc OF THE SUN

Data on the multiplicity of F- and G-type dwarf stars within 67 pc of the Sun are presented. This distance-limited sample based on the Hipparcos catalog contains 4847 primary stars (targets) with 0.5 < V − IC < 0.8 and is >90% complete. There are 2196 known stellar pairs; some of them belong to 361 hierarchical systems from triples to quintuples. Models of companion detection by radial velocity, astrometric acceleration, direct resolution, and common proper motion are developed. They serve to compute completeness for each target, using the information on its coverage collected here. About 80% of companions to the primary stars are detected, but the census of subsystems in the secondary components is only about 30%. Masses of binary components are estimated from their absolute magnitudes or by other methods; the periods of wide pairs are evaluated from their projected separations. A third of binaries with periods shorter than ∼100 yr are spectroscopic and/or astrometric pairs with yet unknown periods and mass ratios. These data are used in the accompanying Paper II to derive unbiased statistics of hierarchical multiple systems.
Operators over regular maps.

In this paper, we define certain operators, each of which transforms one regular map into another. These operator are based on the notions of Petrie path and jth order "hole" introduced by Coxeter. Together with the usual dual operator, they are a powerful tool for the analysis and taxonomy of regular maps. We produce, as an example, 18 distinct maps from the icosahedron, including six of Brahana and Coble's eight pentagonal dodecahedra.
Evidence for orbitally controlled size variations of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet during the late Miocene

Ocean Drilling Program Site 1165 penetrated drift sediments on the East Antarctic continental rise and recovered sediments from a low-energy depositional environment. The sediments are characterized by prominent alternations between a green to greenish-gray diatom-bearing hemipelagic facies and gray to dark gray hemiturbiditic facies. Our investigation of an upper Miocene section, using high-resolution color spectra, multisensor core logs, and X-ray fluorescence scans, reveals that sedimentation changes occur at Milankovitch orbital frequencies of obliquity and precession. We use this finding to derive an astronomical calibrated time scale and to calculate iron mass-accumulation rates, as a proxy for sediment-accumulation rates. Terrigenous iron fluxes change by as much as 100% during each obliquity cycle. This change and an episodic pattern of enhanced ice-rafted debris deposition during times of deglaciation provide evidence for a dynamic and likely wet-based late Miocene East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) that underwent large size variations at orbital time scales. The dynamic behavior of the EAIS implies that a significant proportion of the variability seen in oxygen isotope records of the late Miocene reflects Antarctic ice-volume changes.