Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Acute Tryptophan Depletion on Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Tryptophan and 5‐Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid in Normal Volunteers

Abstract: Brain serotonin synthesis and metabolism (turnover), as indicated by CSF concentrations of 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA), may depend on plasma concentrations of the essential amino acid L‐tryptophan (TRP). We investigated the biochemical effects of acute plasma TRP depletion (ATD) in normal volunteers undergoing a 36‐h CSF collection via lumbar drain. Six subjects who were in good health were put on a low‐TRP diet (160 mg/day) 24 h before lumbar puncture; this diet was continued for the first 22 h of the CSF collection. At hour 22, subjects ingested a TRP‐deficient 15‐amino acid drink shown previously to deplete plasma TRP. Total plasma TRP, free plasma TRP, and CSF TRP subsequently decreased 86.3, 86.5, and 92.3%, respectively. CSF 5‐HIAA decreased by 32.8%. Plasma total and free TRP concentrations were both decreased at ∼2 h following ingestion of the TRP‐free amino acid drink and were lowest ∼6 h after ATD; CSF TRP and 5‐HIAA were decreased at 2.5 h and ∼4 h after ATD, respectively. CSF TRP was lowest 8.0 h later. CSF 5‐HIAA continued to decrease 14 h after the TRP‐deficient amino acid drink was given.
Chest Pain in Patients With Cardiac and Noncardiac Disease

Objective: To describe factors influencing chest pain expression in patients with cardiac or noncardiac disease. Methods: The authors conducted a case presentation and review of literature. Results: Causes of chest pain are diverse. Psychologic factors influence chest pain expression commonly in patients with or without cardiac disease. Conclusions: Physicians and other therapists must be aware of psychologic influences on chest pain expression to provide optimal treatment to their patients. PIMI = Psychophysiologic Investigations of Myocardial Ischemia; GERD = gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Affordance learning from range data for multi-step planning

In this paper we present the realization of the formalism we have proposed for af-fordance learning and its use for planning (S¸ahin et al., 2007) on an anthropomorphic robotic hand. In this realization, the robot interacts with the objects in its environment using the programmed push and grasp-and-lift behaviors, and records its interactions in triples that consists of the initial percept of the object, the behavior applied and the observed eﬀect, deﬁned as the diﬀerence between the initial and the ﬁnal percept. The interaction with the environment allows the robot to learn object aﬀordance relations to predict the change in the percept of the object when a certain behavior is applied. These relations can then be used to develop multi-step plans us-ing forward chaining. Our experiments have shown that the robot is able to learn the physical aﬀordances of objects from 3D range images and use them to build symbols and relations that are used for making multi-step plans to achieve a given goal.
Web Forum Retrieval and Text Analytics: A Survey

This survey presents an overview of information retrieval, natural languageprocessing and machine learning research that makes use of forumdata, including both discussion forums and community questionansweringcQA archives. The focus is on automated analysis, withthe goal of gaining a better understanding of the data and its users.We discuss the different strategies used for both retrieval taskspost retrieval, question retrieval, and answer retrieval and classificationtasks post type classification, question classification, post qualityassessment, subjectivity, and viewpoint classification at the postlevel, as well as at the thread level thread retrieval, solvedness andtask orientation, discourse structure recovery and dialogue act tagging,QA-pair extraction, and thread summarisation. We also review workon forum users, including user satisfaction, expert finding, questionrecommendation and routing, and community analysis.The survey includes a brief history of forums, an overview of thedifferent kinds of forums, a summary of publicly available datasets forforum research, and a short discussion on the evaluation of retrievaltasks using forum data.The aim is to give a broad overview of the different kinds of forumresearch, a summary of the methods that have been applied, some insightsinto successful strategies, and potential areas for future research.
Do Psychopathic Individuals Possess a Misaligned Moral Compass? A Meta-Analytic Examination of Psychopathy’s Relations With Moral Judgment

Psychopathic individuals are often characterized as lacking a moral sense. Although this hypothesis has received ample experimental attention over the past decade, findings have been inconsistent. To elucidate the relationship between psychopathy and abnormal moral judgment, we conducted a meta-analysis of the research on psychopathy and morality-related variables (k = 23, N = 4376). A random effects model indicated a small but statistically significant relation between psychopathy and moral decision-making (rw = .16) and moral reasoning (rw = .10) tasks. These results reveal at best modest support for the common perception that psychopathic individuals fail to understand moral principles. A secondary meta-analysis (k = 9, N = 4294) of the growing body of literature on the relationship between psychopathy and moral reasoning on moral foundations measures provides preliminary evidence that psychopathic individuals may possess a differential set of “moral taste buds” than less psychopathic individuals. We discuss the implications of the results from both meta-analyses for models of the etiology of psychopathy and the criminal responsibility of psychopathic individuals.
The role of EMMPRIN in T cell biology and immunological diseases

EMMPRIN (CD147), originally described as an inducer of the expression of MMPs, has gained attention in its involvement in various immunologic diseases, such that anti‐EMMPRIN antibodies are considered as potential therapeutic medications. Given that MMPs are involved in the pathogenesis of various disease states, it is relevant that targeting an upstream inducer would make for an effective therapeutic strategy. Additionally, EMMPRIN is now appreciated to have multiple roles apart from MMP induction, including in cellular functions, such as migration, adhesion, invasion, energy metabolism, as well as T cell activation and proliferation. Here, we review what is known about EMMPRIN in numerous immunologic/inflammatory disease conditions with a particular focus on its complex roles in T cell biology.
Patient-controlled hospital admission in psychiatry: A systematic review

Abstract Background: Patient-controlled admission is a concept that invites patients with long-term mental illness to decide for themselves when inpatient treatment is necessary without a clinician serving as gatekeeper. Aim: To review the current knowledge of patient-controlled hospital admission in adult psychiatry. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library with the aim of identifying all relevant scientific papers from 1990 onwards. Results: Six articles reporting on four different study sites were identified. Detailed account of the models is given and quantitative and qualitative outcome data is reviewed. Rationales behind the concept include increased patient autonomy, promotion of coping skills, early help-seeking, avoidance of power struggles, establishment of an asylum function, reduced time spent in inpatient care and prevention of coercive measures. Quantitative data points toward a dramatic reduction of total time spent in inpatient care and of involuntary admissions in patients with previously high inpatient care consumption, whereas qualitative data indicates that the concept increases patient autonomy, responsibility and confidence in daily life. Conclusion: Patient-controlled admission is a promising novel approach to inpatient care in psychiatry. However, available studies are small and quality of evidence is generally low.
Bankruptcy Prediction With Industry Effects

This paper investigates the forecasting accuracy of bankruptcy hazard rate models for U.S. companies over the time period 1962–1999 using both yearly and monthly observation intervals. The contribution of this paper is multiple-fold. One, using an expanded bankruptcy database we validate the superior forecasting performance of Shumway's (2001) model as opposed to Altman (1968) and Zmijewski (1984). Two, we demonstrate the importance of including industry effects in hazard rate estimation. Industry groupings are shown to significantly affect both the intercept and slope coefficients in the forecasting equations. Three, we extend the hazard rate model to apply to financial firms and monthly observation intervals. Due to data limitations, most of the existing literature employs only yearly observations. We show that bankruptcy prediction is markedly improved using monthly observation intervals. Fourth, consistent with the notion of market efficiency with respect to publicly available information, we demonstrate that accounting variables add little predictive power when market variables are already included in the bankruptcy model.
Obstacles to the implementation of evidence-based physiotherapy in practice: a focus group-based study in Belgium (Flanders).

Over the past few years concerns have been rising about the use of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP). We explored obstacles among Belgian physiotherapists to the implementation of EBP in clinical work. We used a qualitative research strategy based on five focus groups, organised between October 2004 and May 2005. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit 43 participants from diverse geographical regions in Flanders, working in different settings and with a variety of interest and expertise in EBP. Data collection and analysis were concurrent and guided by "grounded theory approach. " A problem tree was developed. Important obstacles to the implementation of EBP include physiotherapists' lack of autonomy and authority to decide on patients' treatments or to negotiate with government. In addition, the lack of evidence, inaccessibility and inapplicability of scientific evidence, the economic parameters influencing government and physicians, the expectations from patients and a lack of motivation hamper the implementation of EBP. The problem tree developed reveals direct links between the lack of autonomy from physiotherapists and the dominant position from physicians in the Belgian health care system, which further impacts the boundaries between both professions and the weight of physiotherapists in governmental advisory boards. Direct access to physiotherapy has not yet been considered in Belgium. However, it could have major advantages for physiotherapists who are in favour of a more autonomous, professional status.
Eradication of H. pylori in a developing country: comparison of lansoprazole versus omeprazole with norfloxacin, in a dual-therapy study.

OBJECTIVES Lansoprazole, a newer benzimidazole, is more potent than omeprazole in its anti-Helicobacter pylori effect in vitro. The present study was aimed at assessing its efficacy in a developing country. METHODS Fifty patients were randomized to receive either lansoprazole or omeprazole, with norfloxacin for 2 wk; the ulcer healing rates, H. pylori eradication rates, and recurrence rates were compared over a 6-month period. RESULTS Both lansoprazole and omeprazole were equally effective in inducing healing of ulcer (96.1 vs 95.5%, p > 0.05) and eradicating H. pylori (76.9 vs 63.9%, p > 0.05), with very low recurrence rates over a 6-month follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Either lansoprazole or omeprazole combined with norfloxacin is effective in eradicating H. pylori in a high percentage of cases of duodenal ulcer, with little difference between the two proton pump inhibitors.
Hesperidin‐mediated expression of Nrf2 and upregulation of antioxidant status in senescent rat heart

Objectives Oxidative stress is recognized as a key element responsible for the development of age‐related pathologies. A declining endogenous defence system during senescence dictates the need for supplementation with exogenous antioxidants through diet. Hesperidin is a naturally occurring flavonone present in citrus fruits and has been shown to have many biological properties, including antioxidant activity. We investigated whether hesperidin supplementation could be valuable in protecting cardiac tissue of aged rats against age‐related increase in oxidative stress, as well as the mechanism by which it can boost the antioxidant status of the cell.
Malignant melanoma, breast cancer and other cancers in patients with Parkinson's disease

Previous studies report an atypical cancer pattern among patients with Parkinson's disease. Here, we evaluate the cancer pattern among people diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in an extension of our previous cohort study. For this Danish population‐based cohort study, we identified 20,000 people with Parkinson's disease diagnosed in 1977–2006, from the National Danish Hospital Register. Cohort members were followed up for cancer in the Danish Cancer Registry until December 31, 2008, and their incidence rates of cancer were compared to age‐, sex‐ and calendar period‐specific rates in the general population as standardized incidence rate ratios (SIRs). In subanalyses, we estimated the risk for cancer among patients with early onset Parkinson's disease and we also compared breast tumor characteristics among women with Parkinson's disease to that of a control group. The overall cancer risk in our cohort was decreased [SIR = 0.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83–0.90], as were those for smoking‐related (SIR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.60–0.70) and nonsmoking‐related cancers (SIR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.71–0.86). The cohort had increased risks for malignant melanoma (SIR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.09–1.80), nonmelanoma skin cancer (SIR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.18–1.39) and female breast cancer (SIR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.02–1.34). Among patients with early onset Parkinson's disease, the risk for cancer was comparable to that of the general population. Of breast tumor characteristics, only grade of malignancy differed between Parkinson's disease women and controls. This study confirms a lower cancer risk among people with Parkinson's disease. Increased risks for malignant melanoma, nonmelanoma skin cancer and breast cancer might be due to shared risk factors with Parkinson's disease.
Carpal tunnel syndrome - an occupational hazard facing dentistry.

BACKGROUND The authors wished to evaluate the comprehensive literature on carpal tunnel syndrome to discover work specific to carpal tunnel syndrome among dentists in order to determine whether there is any correlation with dentists having a higher prevalence of its occurrence. METHODS A review of dental literature involving carpal tunnel syndrome was undertaken. Details appearing in the literature before 1995 was reviewed in a comprehensive manner and the literature after 1995 were reviewed electronically. RESULTS The prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome is higher in dental professionals involved in various aspects of dental specialties. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal postures, including muscle imbalances, muscle necrosis, trigger points, hypomobile joints, nerve compression and spinal disk herniation or degeneration may result in serious detrimental physiological changes in the body. These changes often result in pain, injury or possible neuroskeletal disorders. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Dentists have an increased risk of carpal tunnel syndrome and precautions and care should be exercised to prevent detrimental irreversible changes occurring.
The Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Mental Health

Current research supports the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in clinical social work, yet more rigorous research is needed to determine what makes it effective, and through which mechanisms. This study looked at the relationship between meditation experience and self-reported trait mindfulness and emotion regulation, two proposed mechanisms of change in mindfulness, and perceived levels of well-being. Data was collected using a quantitative survey involving 29 adults who currently have a mindfulness meditation practice. People who meditated more frequently each week scored significantly higher on measures of trait mindfulness. In addition, higher levels of trait mindfulness were correlated with less difficulty with emotion regulation and higher levels of well-being. The results of this study support the idea that emotion regulation and trait mindfulness are possible mechanisms of action in mindfulness-based interventions. Although sample size limits generalization of findings, this study suggests that the use of mindfulness meditation in clinical social work is beneficial in improving emotion regulation, which is an important aspect of many mental health challenges.
The region of human transferrin involved in binding to bacterial transferrin receptors is iocalized in the C‐lobe

Iron‐saturated human transferrin was digested with either chymotrypsin or trypsin to produce C‐lobe and N‐lobe protein fragments. Individual protein fragments were purified by a combination of gel filtration and Concanavalin A affinity chromatographic procedures. The C‐lobe and N‐lobe fragments of human transferrin were then used in binding assays to assess their ability in binding to the bacterial transferrin receptors. Competitive binding assays demonstrated that the C‐lobe fragment of human transferrin binds as well as intact human transferrin to bacterial transterrin receptors from Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophlius influenzae. Using isogenic mutants of N. meningitidis deficient in either of the transferrin‐binding proteins (Tbps), we demonstrated that both transferrin‐binding proteins were able to bind to the C‐lobe fragment of human transferrin.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STUDIES ON HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID FLOW IN MICROCHANNELS

The extremely high rates of heat transfer obtained by employing microchannels makes them an attractive alternative to conventional methods of heat dissipation, especially in applications related to the cooling of microelectronics. A compilation and analysis of the results from investigations on fluid flow and heat transfer in micro- and mini-channels and microtubes in the literature is presented in this review, with a special emphasis on quantitative experimental results and theoretical predictions. Anomalies and deviations from the behavior expected for conventional channels, both in terms of the frictional and heat transfer characteristics, are discussed.
Periprosthetic Fractures Evaluation and Treatment

Periprosthetic fracture is a serious complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA) that can be difficult to treat, and can be potentially fraught with complications. The incidence of such fractures is increasing, especially after the use of cementless revision arthroplasty. The prevention of these fractures is achieved by understanding the risk factors involved. If the risks are not understood, the best outcome is achieved when the surgeon has a thorough understanding of the principles of treatment of these fractures and has access to various fixation and prosthetic devices, and allograft bone when necessary. Acetabular fractures are rare and relatively little has been reported on their treatment. Periprosthetic femoral fracture treatment is based on the site of fracture, implant stability, and bone stock. The Vancouver classification offers a reproducible description of these factors with the subsequently easy formation of a treatment plan.
Supplementary of Multi-scale Deep Learning Architectures for Person Re-identification

Multi-scale-A layer (Fig. 1), analyses the data stream with the size 1 × 1, 3 × 3 and 5 × 5 of receptive field. Furthermore, in order to increase both depth and width of this layer, we split the filter size of 5 × 5 into two 3 × 3 streams cascaded (i.e. stream-4 and stream-3 in Tab 1 and Fig. 1). The weights of each stream are also tied with the corresponding stream in another branch. Such a design art is, in general, inspired by, and yet different from the inception architectures [11, 12, 10]. The key difference lies in the weights which are not tied between any two streams from the same branch, but are tied between the two corresponding streams of different branches. Reduction layer (Fig. 2) further passes the data stream in multi-scale, and halves the width and height of feature maps, which should be, in principle, reduced from 78× 28 to 39 × 14. We thus employ Reduction layer to gradually decrease the size of feature representations as illustrated in Tab 1 and Fig. 2, in order to avoid representation bottlenecks. Here we follow the design principle of “avoid representational bottlenecks” [12]. In contrast to directly use max-pooling layer for decreasing feature map size, our ablation study shows that the Reduction layer, if replaced by max-pooling layer, will leads to more than 10% absolute points lower than the reported results of Rank-1 accuracy on CUHK01 dataset. Again, the weights of each filter here are also tied for paired streams. Multi-scale-B layer (Fig. 3) serves as the last stage of highlevel features extraction for the multiple scales of 1 × 1, 3 × 3 and 5 × 5. Besides splitting the 5 × 5 stream into two 3 × 3 streams cascaded (i.e. stream-4 and stream-3 in Tab 1 and Fig. 3). We can further decompose the 3 × 3 C-filters into one 1 × 3 C-filter followed by 3 × 1 C-filter [10]. This leads to several benefits, including reducing the computation cost on 3 × 3 C-filters, further increasing the
Single and Multi-User Cooperative MIMO in a Measured Urban Macrocellular Environment

We study the potential benefits of cooperative multiple-input multiple-output signaling from multiple coherent base stations with one or more mobile stations in an urban macrocellular environment at 2.66 GHz. The analysis uses fully-coherent measurements of the channel from three base stations to a single mobile station equipped with four antennas. The observed channels are used to explore the gains in capacity enabled by cooperative base station signaling for point-to-point and multi-user communications. The analysis shows that for point-to-point links, the average capacity for cooperative signaling is 53% higher than that achieved for a single base station. For downlink and uplink communication with three mobile users, cooperative signaling yields average sum rate increases of 91% and 63%, respectively.