Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Screening Mammography Outcomes Through Comparison With Multiple Prior Mammograms.

OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of comparison with multiple prior mammograms on the outcomes of screening mammography relative to comparison with a single prior mammogram. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 46,288 consecutive screening mammograms performed at our institution for 22,792 women. We divided these examinations into three groups: those interpreted without comparison with prior mammograms, those interpreted in comparison with one prior examination, and those interpreted in comparison with two or more prior examinations. For each group, we determined the rate of examination recall. We also calculated the positive predictive value of recall (i.e., positive predictive value level 1 [PPV1]) and the cancer detection rate (CDR) for both the group of examinations compared with a single prior mammogram and the group compared with multiple prior mammograms. Generalized estimating equations with the logistic link function were used to determine the relative odds ratio of recall as a function of the number of comparisons, with adjustment made for age as a confounding variable. The Fisher exact test was performed to compare the PPV1 and the CDR in the different cohorts. RESULTS The recall rate for mammograms interpreted without comparison with prior examinations was 16.6%, whereas that for mammograms compared with one prior examination was 7.8% and that for mammograms compared with two or more prior examinations was 6.3%. After adjustment was made for age, the odds ratio of recall for the group with multiple prior examinations relative to the group with a single prior examination was 0.864 (95% CI, 0.776-0.962; p = 0.0074). Statistically significant increases in the PPV1 of 0.05 (p = 0.0009) and in the CDR of 2.3 cases per 1000 examinations (p = 0.0481) were also noted for mammograms compared with multiple prior examinations relative to those compared with a single prior examination. CONCLUSION Comparison with two or more prior mammograms resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the screening mammography recall rate and increases in the CDR and PPV1 relative to comparison with a single prior mammogram.
Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6

Nodes use IPv6 stateless address autoconfiguration to generate addresses without the necessity of a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server. Addresses are formed by combining network prefixes with an interface identifier. On interfaces that contain embedded IEEE Identifiers, the interface identifier is typically derived from it. On other interface types, the interface identifier is generated through other means, for example, via random number generation. This document describes an extension to IPv6 stateless address autoconfiguration for interfaces whose interface identifier is derived from an IEEE identifier. Use of the extension causes nodes to generate global-scope addresses from interface identifiers that change over time, even in cases where the interface contains an embedded IEEE identifier. Changing the interface identifier (and the global-scope addresses generated from it) over time makes it more difficult for eavesdroppers and other information collectors to identify when different addresses used in different transactions actually correspond to the same node.
A behavioral analysis of the determinants of marital satisfaction.

Abstract : A study has sought to identify the relative contribution or weighting of specified classes of exchanged behavioral events and quality of experience outside of one's relationship believed to be of importance conceptually to the reported satisfaction provided by a dyadic relationship. While previous studies have relied essentially upon retrospective reporting, the investigation utilizes partners' observations of exchanged pleasurable and unpleasurable events as well as daily ratings of quality of outside experience. The study also has sought to illuminate reciprocity between dyadic exchange of pleasant and unpleasant events or consequences. (Author)
[Bacterial communities of brown and red algae from Peter the Great Bay, the Sea of Japan].

The structure of microbial communities of brown algae, red algae, and of the red alga Gracilaria verrucosa, healthy and affected with rotten thallus, were comparatively investigated; 61 strains of heterotrophic bacteria were isolated and characterized. Most of them were identified to the genus level, some Vibrio spp. , to the species level according to their phenotypic properties and the fatty acid composition of cellular lipids. The composition of the microflora of two species of brown algae was different. In Chordaria flagelliformis, Pseudomonas spp. prevailed, and in Desmarestia viridis, Bacillus spp. The composition of the microflora of two red algae, G. verrucosa and Camphylaephora hyphaeoides, differed mainly in the ratio of prevailing groups of bacteria. The most abundant were bacteria of the CFB cluster and pseudoalteromonads. In addition, the following bacteria were found on the surface of the algae: Sulfitobacter spp. , Halomonas spp. , Acinetobacter sp. , Planococcus sp. , Arthrobacter sp. , and Agromyces sp. From tissues of the affected G. verrucosa, only vibrios were isolated, both agarolytic and nonagarolytic. The existence of specific bacterial communities characteristic of different species of algae is suggested and the relation of Vibrio sp. to the pathological process in the tissues of G. verrucosa is supposed.
Monoclonal antibody technique for detection of estrogen receptors in human breast cancer: greater sensitivity and more accurate classification of receptor status than the dextran-coated charcoal method.

Estrogen receptor (ER) concentrations have been determined in 191 freshly prepared cytosols from breast cancer biopsies using both the monoclonal enzyme immunoassay (ER-EIA) and the dextran-coated charcoal (ER-DCC) methods in a single laboratory. The concentrations of the ER detected using the two methods are highly and significantly correlated (linear regression curve: ER-EIA = 15.5 + 0.82 ER-DCC; r = 0.97). Nevertheless, it may be most correct to interpret the data by resolving the correlation into two lines, one describing the fit for cytosols with low and intermediate concentrations (the first 75% of the distribution of ER values for all primary breast cancers; less than 217 fmol ER/mg cytosol protein) and one describing the fit for cytosols with the highest ER concentrations (i.e., greater than or equal to 217 fmol ER/mg cytosol protein). Using a cutoff limit of 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein to distinguish between ER positive and ER negative biopsies, discrepancies in the classification of ER status were found in only 6% (12 of 191) of the cases using the two different methods. In all 12 cases, the ER concentrations as determined by both methods were in the lower range of receptor concentrations (0-53 fmol/mg cytosol protein). Of the 12 discrepancies, 10 biopsies were classified as ER negative using the ER-DCC method but ER positive using the ER-EIA method. Additional available data for these 10 patients indicate that the ER-EIA assay yielded the more biologically "correct" result. All 10 of these biopsies were either progesterone receptor positive or had nuclear ER. By identifying the outliers of the linear regression curves (points exceeding the 80% confidence interval) of the logarithmically transformed ER concentrations, 9 of the 12 biopsies were identified. Thus, it is unlikely that the observed discrepancies are due to random events in most cases here. Since most of the few deviations observed appear to represent true differences in the sensitivities of the two methods, the ER-EIA method appears to be superior to the ER-DCC method in our hands. The concentration of ER in 47 cytosols stored at -70 degrees C for 3-6 yr was analyzed using the ER-EIA method, and results were compared to the concentration of ER found using the ER-DCC method on freshly prepared cytosols when the biopsies had been received at the laboratory. The linear regression curve of the correlation between ER concentrations determined using the two methods did not differ significantly from that found for the 191 freshly prepared cytosols.
Transthoracic approach for lesions involving the anterior dorsal spine: A multidisciplinary approach with good outcomes

Introduction: Anterior approach provides excellent visualization and access to the anterior thoracic spine. It may be used alone, in combination with a posterior midline approach or in a staged or sequential fashion. Aims: To analyse our institutional experience in transthoracic approaches and to determine the safety and benefit of this approach in our patient series. Materials and Methods: A total of 16 patients were operated for varying lesions of body of dorsal vertebra by the transthoracic approach. The study was for a period of 5 years from January 2011 to December 2015. Patients age ranged from 25 to 61 years with an average of 36.4 yrs. There were 7 males and 9 females. In our series 9 patients had Kochs spine, 4 patients were traumatic fracture spine and 3 had neoplastic lesion. Majority of patients had multiple symptoms with backache being present in all patients. Results: There was one post operative mortality which was unrelated to surgery. One patient had post operative delayed kyphosis. Remaining patients improved in their symptoms following surgery. Conclusion: With careful coordination by thoracic surgeons, neurospinal surgeons and anaesthetists, the anterior spine approach for dorsal spine is safe and effective. Adequate preoperative evaluation should stratify the risk and institute measures to reduce it. Accurate surgical planning and careful surgical technique are the key to yield a good outcome and to reduce the risk of complications.
Simulation study of FES-assisted standing up with neural network control

A neural network (NN) control system is designed for the functional electrical stimulation (FES) assisted standing up. A musculoskeletal model of nine muscles and three segments is constructed for the simulation study. Each muscle is controlled by the sub-network of the functional neural network. The sub-network is the radial basis function (RBF) NN. Minimal resource allocation (M-RAN) learning algorithm is used in the RBF NN design. This system aims to reduce the upper body effort and keep the body balance when the patient stands up. Promising simulation results provide the potential for feasible clinical application in the future.
Mixing in vortical, chaotic and turbulent flows

Mixing is discussed in relation to stirring as reflected in the geometry of advected interfaces, the behaviour of fluid–element pairs and their separation rates. Stirring is different in vortical, chaotic and turbulent flows because of qualitative differences in spatio–temporal flow structure, thus giving rise to different mixing laws. Important applications of the mixing and stirring properties discussed in this review are chlorine deactivation and ozone depletion in stratospheric mid–latitudes.
Velocity–porosity relationships: Predictive velocity model for cemented sands composed of multiple mineral phases

Computer simulations are used to calculate the elastic properties of model cemented sandstones composed of two or more mineral phases. Two idealized models are considered – a grain‐overlap clay/quartz mix and a pore‐lining clay/quartz mix. Unlike experimental data, the numerical data exhibit little noise yet cover a wide range of quartz/cement ratios and porosities. The results of the computations are in good agreement with experimental data for clay‐bearing consolidated sandstones.
Living in a time of change: Late Pleistocene/Holocene transitional vertebrate fauna of Grot Skeliastyi (Crimea, Ukraine)

ABSTRACT The paper presents the results of the study of vertebrate fossil assemblages recovered from the Grot Skeliastyi rock shelter in south-western Crimea (Ukraine). The deposition of its fossil-bearing layers covers the time span from the Late Glacial to the early Holocene. The studied sample consists of 2,736 bones belonging to 52 species of vertebrates (including 3 fishes, 1 amphibian, 12 reptiles, 10 birds, 26 small and large mammals). Among them, the past presence of the Aesculapian snake, four-lined ratsnake, squacco heron, tree pipit, and water pipit in the region is here documented for the first time. Extinct taxa in the faunal assemblage of Grot Skeliastyi were represented by wild horse, European ass, steppe bison, and woolly mammoth. Remains of small animals were accumulated due to the feeding activity of the eagle owl, while bones of large mammals could have been a part of the prey of carnivores but mostly are associated with the hunting activity of ancient people who inhabited the rock shelter. Most of the species persisted from the Pleistocene to the Holocene without losses. Our results indicate that the Pleistocene/Holocene transition in Crimea was not characterised by drastic faunal changes unlike those in other parts of Eastern Europe.Not StartedCompletedRejected
An exploration to visualise the emerging trends of technology foresight based on an improved technique of co-word analysis and relevant literature data of WOS

ABSTRACT To explore the possible research fronts and emerging trends of technology foresight, through integrating co-occurrence of keywords and burst terms detection into an improved technique of co-word analysis based on the relevant literature in Web of Science is proposed. Based on the new analytical technique, the links among hot keywords, burst terms are probed, and the core literature related to the emerging trend or interdisciplinary researches are identified. Obviously, the attempts of new bibliometric method in this paper could be a valuable supplement to the traditional co-word analysis; meanwhile, it maybe is much more helpful for those interdisciplinary researchers.
Stratum lacunosum-moleculare interneurons of hippocampal CA1 region. II. Intrasomatic and intradendritic recordings of local circuit synaptic interactions

Simultaneous intracellular recordings were obtained from stratum lacunosum-moleculare (L-M) interneurons and CA1 cells, and their local circuit synaptic interactions were examined. Synaptic interactions with pyramidal cells were evaluated in both intrasomatic and intradendritic pyramidal cell recordings. Stimulation of L-M interneurons evoked small- amplitude IPSPs in 21% of intrasomatic (9/42 cell pairs) and in 26% of intradendritic (11/43) pyramidal cell recordings. The IPSP mean peak amplitude was 0.91 mV for intrasomatic and 0.67 mV for intradendritic recordings. IPSPs had slow onset and decay (approximately 80–90 msec), decreased in amplitude with membrane hyperpolarization, and were not associated with any apparent change in input resistance. No physiologic evidence of synaptic connections was found from pyramidal cells to L-M interneurons. Inhibitory synaptic interactions were also seen between L- M interneurons and stratum pyramidale interneurons (2 of 4 cell pairs). The IPSPs recorded in pyramidale interneurons were similar to the IPSPs recorded in pyramidal cells. During simultaneous recordings, L-M interneurons were activated at a shorter latency, i.e., in a feedforward manner with respect to pyramidal cells. Thus, L-M interneurons may mediate feedforward inhibition of CA1 pyramidal cells. The L-M interneuron-evoked IPSPs in pyramidal cells share some characteristics of the late IPSP recorded in CA1 pyramidal cells and may therefore contribute to this component of the IPSP.
Phenotypic Plasticity of the Drosophila Transcriptome

Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a single genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to changing environments. We assessed variation in genome-wide gene expression and four fitness-related phenotypes of an outbred Drosophila melanogaster population under 20 different physiological, social, nutritional, chemical, and physical environments; and we compared the phenotypically plastic transcripts to genetically variable transcripts in a single environment. The environmentally sensitive transcriptome consists of two transcript categories, which comprise ∼15% of expressed transcripts. Class I transcripts are genetically variable and associated with detoxification, metabolism, proteolysis, heat shock proteins, and transcriptional regulation. Class II transcripts have low genetic variance and show sexually dimorphic expression enriched for reproductive functions. Clustering analysis of Class I transcripts reveals a fragmented modular organization and distinct environmentally responsive transcriptional signatures for the four fitness-related traits. Our analysis suggests that a restricted environmentally responsive segment of the transcriptome preserves the balance between phenotypic plasticity and environmental canalization.
Orotracheal intubation: physicians knowledge assessment and clinical practices in intensive care units.

OBJECTIVES To assess the physicians knowledge on intubation techniques and to identify the common practices. METHODS This was a prospective study, involving three different intensive care units within a University hospital: Anesthesiology (ANEST), Pulmonology (PULMO) and Emergency Department (ED). All physicians working in these units and consenting to participate in the study completed a questionnaire with their demographic data and questions on orotracheal intubation. RESULTS 85 completed questionnaires were retrieved (90.42% of the physicians). ANEST had the higher mean age (p=0.001), being 43.5% of them intensivists. The use of hypnotic and opioid association was reported by 97.6%, and pre-oxygenation by 91.8%, but only 44.6% reported sub-occipital pad use, with no difference between the ICUs. On ANEST an increased neuromuscular blockade use was reported (p<0.000) as well as increased caution with full stomach (p=0.002). The rapid sequence knowledge was restricted (mean 2.20 ± 0.89), p=0.06 between the different units. The Sellick maneuver was known by 97.6%, but 72% used it inappropriately. CONCLUSIONS Physicians knowledge on orotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit is unsatisfactory, even among qualified professionals. It is necessary to check if the responses to the questionnaire and actual clinical practices agree.
Mixing efficiency in stratified turbulence

We consider mixing of the density field in stratified turbulence and argue that, at sufficiently high Reynolds numbers, stationary turbulence will have a mixing efficiency and closely related mixing coefficient described solely by the turbulent Froude number $Fr={\it\epsilon}_{k}/(Nu^{2})$ , where ${\it\epsilon}_{k}$ is the kinetic energy dissipation, $u$ is a turbulent horizontal velocity scale and $N$ is the Brunt–Väisälä frequency. For $Fr\gg 1$ , in the limit of weakly stratified turbulence, we show through a simple scaling analysis that the mixing coefficient scales as ${\it\Gamma}\propto Fr^{-2}$ , where ${\it\Gamma}={\it\epsilon}_{p}/{\it\epsilon}_{k}$ and ${\it\epsilon}_{p}$ is the potential energy dissipation. In the opposite limit of strongly stratified turbulence with $Fr\ll 1$ , we argue that ${\it\Gamma}$ should reach a constant value of order unity. We carry out direct numerical simulations of forced stratified turbulence across a range of $Fr$ and confirm that at high $Fr$ , ${\it\Gamma}\propto Fr^{-2}$ , while at low $Fr$ it approaches a constant value close to ${\it\Gamma}=0.33$ . The parametrization of ${\it\Gamma}$ based on $Re_{b}$ due to Shih et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 525, 2005, pp. 193–214) can be reinterpreted in this light because the observed variation of ${\it\Gamma}$ in their study as well as in datasets from recent oceanic and atmospheric measurements occurs at a Froude number of order unity, close to the transition value $Fr=0.3$ found in our simulations.
The Radial Velocities of Globular Clusters.

The following discussion of the radial velocities of globular clusters originated in conversations which I had with Dr. Zwicky of the California Institute of Technology during my stay at the Mount Wilson Observatory. Since it depends essentially on the validity of Stromberg's solution for the motion of the sun relative to the system of the globular clusters,(1) it will be useful to consider this solution, the more so because v. d. Pahlen and Freundlich(2) have objected to it and have concluded that the motion of the sun is probably in a direction almost at right angles to that found by Stromberg.
Exposure to metal-working fluids in the automobile industry and the risk of male germ cell tumours

Introduction In a previous analysis of a case–control study of testicular cancer nested in a cohort of automobile workers, we observed an increased risk for testicular cancer among workers who had ever been involved in occupational metal-cutting tasks. We investigated whether this risk increase was due to exposure to metal-working fluids (MWF). Methods Occupational exposure to MWF was assessed in detail using a job-specific questionnaire for metal-cutting work. We calculated ORs and associated 95% CIs individually matched for age (±2 years) and adjusted for a history of cryptorchidism by conditional logistic regression. Results The prevalence of exposure to MWF was 39.8% among cases and 40.1% among controls. For total germ cell tumours and seminomas we did not observe risk increases for metal-cutting tasks or occupational exposure to MWF (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.32 and OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.58 to 1.35, respectively). However, dermal exposure to oil-based MWF was associated with an increased risk for non-seminomatous testicular cancer. Dermal exposure to oil-based MWF for more than 5000 h showed particularly high risk estimates (OR 4.72; 95% CI 1.48 to 15.09). Discussion Long-term dermal exposure to oil-based MWF was a risk factor for the development of non-seminomatous testicular germ cell cancer. Possible measures to reduce exposure include the introduction of engineering control measures such as venting or enclosing of machines, and enforcing the use of personal protective equipment during metal cutting.
A Phonetic Reference Paradigm for Instrumental Speech Quality Assessment of Artiﬁcial Speech Bandwidth Extension

Today’s instrumental speech quality measures are limited in their use as they ”do not yet sufﬁciently include processing steps beyond the periphery of the auditory system” [1]. This becomes particularly obvious when us-ing reference-based instrumental methods to assess the quality of artiﬁcial speech bandwidth extension (ABWE) approaches. While Blauert and Jekosch [1] have not proposed particular schemes, they advocate a model of sound quality representing layers of abstraction. In fact, once subjects are asked for opinion scores following any of ITU-T’s deﬁnitions, they have already understood (or not) what was spoken. It is our ﬁrm conviction that in not-too-bad testing conditions this knowledge serves as internal reference for judging speech quality – which in consequence asks for a paradigm shift of reference-based instrumental speech quality measures. In consequence, not only some (direct wideband) reference speech data is useful, but also a phonetic transcription of the speech, serving as human-internal representation of what was spoken. The paper will give thoughts to support this thesis, along with a proof that not all sounds are equal, asking for a phoneme-speciﬁc processing of future reference-based instrumental speech quality assessment methods.
Importazioni e imitazioni locali di ceramica a Taches noires in Provenza nel XVIII-XIX secolo. Dati archeologici e archeometrici

Caracterisation des ceramiques vernissees d'Albisola a taches noires et de leurs imitations en Provence au XVIIIe et XIXe siecles par les datations archeologiques et les analyses des revetements, des argiles et des modes de fabrication.