Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of wafer position in ingot on the light and elevated temperature induced degradation (LeTID) of multicrystalline silicon

Light and elevated temperature induced degradation (LeTID) of high-performance (HP) multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) is a problem which affects manufacturers of mc-Si PERC cells and its root cause is still being debated. Several hypotheses for the root cause have been suggested which involve metal precipitates, and/or the introduction of hydrogen. Some of these hypotheses may be tested by controlled LeTID experiments in different parts of the mc-Si ingot, which are known to have different grain sizes, dislocation densities, doping and a large change in some of the impurities present. Limited publications are available showing the LeTID behavior of mc-Si in different parts of the ingot. In this study we show that the degradation rate and extent of LeTID during accelerated processing is not majorly influenced by the wafer’s origin within the ingot which is studied here. We also confirm that the firing temperature before the degradation process has a large impact on the degradation extent, and this relationship is not significantly affected by the wafer’s origin in the ingot, either.
Effect of Neodymium Nanoparticles on Elastic Properties of Zinc-Tellurite Glass System

The aim of this work is to determine the effect of neodymium nanoparticles concentration on the elastic properties of zinc-tellurite glass. A series of neodymium nanoparticles doped zinc-tellurite glass systems (NdNPsZT) of composition [(TeO2)0.70(ZnO)0.30] (Nd2O3 NPs) , , , , , and , were synthesized by using conventional melt-quenching method. The amorphous nature of the glass system was confirmed by using XRD analysis. The density of the glass system was determined by Archimedes method. The elastic properties were calculated from the measured density and ultrasonic velocity at 5 MHz frequency. The experimental results showed that the elastic properties rely upon the composition of the glass systems and the impact of neodymium nanoparticles (Nd2O3 NPs) within the glass network. The increase in ultrasonic velocities is due to the increase in rigidity and change in structural units of the glass system. The softening temperature and the microhardness increased with the increase in Nd3+ ions concentration from 0.1 to 0.2 mol and decreased when the Nd3+ ions concentration increased from 0.2 to 0.5 mol. Poisson’s ratio and Debye’s temperature decreased with the increase in the Nd3+ ions concentration from 0.1 to 0.2 mol and increased when the Nd3+ ions concentration was increased from 0.2 to 0.5 mol.
Influence of Solar Flares on VLF Radio Waves Propagation Over JJI - Irkutsk Path

The article discusses the impact of solar flares on the amplitude of VLF radio waves propagating along the JJI - Irkutsk path. It is shown how the amplitude of the 22.2 kHz signal responds on perturbations in mid-latitude ionosphere during solar flares in 2017. Continuous measuring of parameters of the sounding signal was performed using the designed in the Irkutsk National Research Technical University VLF receiver. Analysis of the results showed linear dependence of the amplitude response and variations of X-ray intensity.
The Relationship between Spousal Intimacy, Perceived Equity and Marital Quality in Married Employees

The present research aimed to investigate the relationship between spousal intimacy, perceived equity and marital quality in married employees of National Iranian Oil Company. To this aim, the research employed a correlational method. The statistical population of the research included all the married employees of National Iranian Oil Company, out of which, a sample of 400 employees (186 females and 214 males) was selected through random cluster sampling. The research tools included Intimacy Scale (IS), Perceived Equity Measure (PEM) and Quality of Marriage Index (QMI). The results of data analysis using Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that there is significant relationship between intimacy with spouse and perceived equity. Moreover, the results of regression analysis indicated that, the variables of intimacy with spouse and perceived equity can be good predictors for the criterion variable of quality of marriage.
On the low-frequency component of the ENSO–Indian monsoon relationship: a paired proxy perspective

Abstract. There are a number of clear examples in the instrumental period where positive El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events were coincident with a severely weakened Indian summer monsoon (ISM). ENSO's influence on ISM precipitation has therefore remained the centerpiece of various predictive schemes of ISM rainfall for over a century. The teleconnection between ISM precipitation and ENSO has undergone a protracted weakening since the late 1980s, suggesting the strength of ENSO's influence on ISM precipitation may vary on multidecadal timescales. The recent weakening has occurred despite the fact that the ENSO system has experienced variance levels during the latter part of the 20th century that are as high as any period in the past millennium. The recent change in the ENSO–ISM coupling has prompted questions as to whether this shift represents a natural mode of climate variability or a fundamental change in ENSO and/or ISM dynamics due to anthropogenic warming or aerosol impacts on the ISM. Here we place the 20th century ENSO–ISM relationship in a millennial context by assessing the phase relationship between the two systems across the time spectrum using a a series of high-resolution reconstructions of ENSO and the ISM from tree rings, speleothems and corals. The results from all the proxies suggest that in the high-frequency domain (5–15 yr), warm (cool) sea surface temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific lead to a weakened (strengthened) monsoon. This finding is consistent with the observed relationship between the two systems during the instrumental period. However, in the multidecadal domain (30–90 yr) the phasing between the systems is reversed such that periods of strong monsoons were, in general, coincident with periods of enhanced ENSO variability. This result is counterintuitive to the expectation that enhanced ENSO variance favors an asymmetric increase in the frequency of El Nino events and therefore a weakened monsoon system. The finding implies that the prominent multidecadal variability that characterizes the last 1000 yr of the ISM is not likely attributable to multidecadal shifts in ENSO. If there is a continued trend towards enhanced ENSO variance in the coming decades, the results presented here do not suggest this will force a reduction in ISM precipitation.
War, anxiety, optimism and triumph: a study on science in the main Brazilian TV news

We analysed the representations of science and of scientists at Jornal Nacional, the main Brazilian TV news. We carried out content and frames analysis, besides the lexical and semantic analysis of the transcriptions of the science and technology stories. Our results show a narrative that highlights the novelties and the epopee of the scientific advance, mainly in the health field. But to the emotional palette feelings of combat, anxiety and triumph were added. The face of the scientist presented by the TV news is mainly masculine, suggesting a stereotyped role of the male and female scientist: meanwhile men go out to literally explore other worlds, women take care of health and of the body.
The role of adult education in national development

Adult and non-formal education has been apparently much neglected aspect of educational activities in the country. This neglect could be traced to our colonial heritage where the British colonial masters and the early missionaries who pioneered education in the African continent paid attention only to formal education to train clerks and interpreters in Government service and commercial houses; and catechists in the church. The complication and the problem of organizing and administering non-formal education is yet another reason for the neglect.
Coexistence between People and Elephants in African Savannas

Abstract: The decline in the range and numbers of elephants as a result of expanding human activity in Africa is recognized as one of the continent’s more serious conservation problems. Understanding the relationship between human settlement patterns and elephant abundance is fundamental to predicting the viability of elephant populations. The prevailing model of human‐elephant interaction predicts a negative linear relationship between rising human density and declining elephant density at a coarse (national or subcontinental) scale. Using observed elephant densities and human population data, we tested this prediction in a study area of 15,000 km2 in northwestern Zimbabwe. The results did not fit a linear model. Elephant and human coexistence occurs at various levels of human density, up to a threshold of human density beyond which elephant populations disappear. This threshold seems to be related to a particular stage in the process of agriculturally transformed land becoming spatially dominant over the natural woodland that constitutes elephant habitat. Within the contexts of conservation and sustainable development in African savannas, investigating spatial relationships between elephant and human abundance should be a priority topic for future research.
Human Resource Management in the Public Sector: An Investigation into the Iranian Ministries

The majority of human resource management (HRM) studies, to date, are devoted to the developed countries and there is still scarcity of research on the nuances of HRM in the developing countries. This paper looks deeper into and reviews the empirical nuances of HRM functions in the Iranian public sector. Using interviews in five Iranian ministries, key HRM features are extracted and explained in a thematic manner. To authenticate the findings, the complimentary secondary data and documents were also studied. Results indicated eleven common features for the HRM practices including: unstable and personalized structure, obsolete job descriptions, double-standard in employee recruitment, lack of systematic career management, general instead of specialized training programs, imbalance between pay and performance, misalignment between organizational strategy and HRM practices, pseudo-knowledge management, silo mentality in HR departments, nonconformity in HR systems and the challenge of non-competent employees. This study also demonstrates how HRM functions stem from and are influenced more generally by environmental characteristics and cultural values.
User Behavior Adversary strongweak Privacy Metrics Strength Indicators Evenness + — Shared Value Range + — Monotonicity

Abstract—Vehicular communication plays a key role in near-future automotive transport, promising features such as increased traffic safety and wireless software updates. However, vehicular communication can expose drivers’ locations and thus poses privacy risks. Many schemes have been proposed to protect privacy in vehicular communication, and their effectiveness is usually evaluated with privacy metrics. However, to the best of our knowledge, (1) different privacy metrics have never been compared to each other, and (2) it is unknown how strong the metrics are. In this paper, we evaluate and compare the strength of 41 privacy metrics in terms of four novel criteria: Privacy metrics should be monotonic, i.e., indicate decreasing privacy for increasing adversary strength; their values should be spread evenly over a large value range to support within-scenario comparability; and they should share a large portion of their value range between traffic conditions to support between-scenario comparability. We evaluate all four criteria on real and synthetic traffic with state-of-the-art adversary models and create a ranking of privacy metrics. Our results indicate that no single metric dominates across all criteria and traffic conditions. We therefore recommend to use metrics suites, i.e., combinations of privacy metrics, when evaluating new privacy-enhancing technologies.
New Stability Analysis for Linear Systems with Time-Varying Delay Based on Combined Convex Technique

A novel combined convex method is developed for the stability of linear systems with a time-varying delay. A new delay-dependent stability condition expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is derived by employing a dedicated constructed Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF), utilizing the Wirtinger inequality and the reciprocally convex approach to handle the integral term of quadratic quantities. Different from the previous convex techniques which only tackle the time-varying delay, our method adopts the idea of combined convex technique which can tackle not only the delay but also the delay variation. Four well-known examples are illustrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Factors for academic success in the integration of MOOCs in the university classroom

This paper shows the results of a longitudinal study on the integration of MOOCs in university classrooms and their influence on academic performance. The relationship between performance and course design and the type of student participation is discussed. Performance has been assessed through evidence of learning, while the design and influence of the type of participation have been examined using standard instruments: TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) and IMMS (Instructional Materials Motivation Survey). Evidence obtained shows that participation in a MOOC improves learning results, and that both the type of course design (defined by an intensive use of social networks and e-activities) and active participation have an influence on academic success.
Observation of night OH in the mesosphere

Satellite measurements from the Aura MLS instrument show a layer of OH near 82 km in the night. This layer confirms earlier measurements by ground‐based LIDAR. The MLS and LIDAR observations measure OH in the lowest vibrational state and are distinct, but related chemically, from vibrationally‐excited emission from the OH Meinel bands in the near infrared. The Caltech 1‐D model has been extended to include vibrational dependence of OH reactions and shows good agreement with MLS OH data and with observations of the Meinel bands. The model shows a chemical lifetime of HOx that increases from less than a day at 80 km to over a month at 87 km. Above this altitude transport processes become an important part of HOx chemistry. The model predicts that ground state OH represents 99% of the total OH up to 84 km.
MULTIPLE VALUED ITERATIVE DYNAMICS MODELS OF NONLINEAR DISCRETE-TIME CONTROL DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS WITH DISTURBANCE

The study of nonlinear discrete-time control dynamical sys- tems with disturbance is an important topic in control theory. In this paper, we concentrate our eorts to multiple valued iterative dynami- cal systems, which model the nonlinear discrete-time control dynamical systems with disturbance. After establishing the validity of such mod- eling, we study the invariant set theory of the multiple valued iterative dynamical systems, including the controllability/reachablity problems of the maximal invariant sets.
The Influence of Temporal Fit/Nonfit on Creativity in the Leader-Subordinate Context: The Moderating Role of Task Enjoyment versus Performance Concern

This study extends regulatory fit theory by exploring boundary conditions of the temporal fit/nonfit effect on subordinate creativity. We propose that fit (nonfit) between subordinates’ regulatory focus and the temporal distance of a leader-stipulated task enhances subordinate creativity under task-enjoyment (performance-concern) conditions. Data supported the nonfit hypothesis among promotion-focused subordinates: Subordinates who were more promotion-focused showed greater creativity after recalling a leader-stipulated, temporally near task when they concentrated on doing well rather than on enjoying the task. Prevention-focused subordinates showed no such patterns for creativity. Implications for managing employee creativity in the competitive, performance-pressured organizational and business environment are discussed.
An Infrared Census of DUST in Nearby Galaxies with Spitzer (DUSTiNGS). IV. Discovery of High-redshift AGB Analogs

The survey for DUST in Nearby Galaxies with Spitzer (DUSTiNGS) identified several candidate Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars in nearby dwarf galaxies and showed that dust can form even in very metal-poor systems ( ). Here, we present a follow-up survey with WFC3/IR on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), using filters that are capable of distinguishing carbon-rich (C-type) stars from oxygen-rich (M-type) stars: F127M, F139M, and F153M. We include six star-forming DUSTiNGS galaxies (NGC 147, IC 10, Pegasus dIrr, Sextans B, Sextans A, and Sag DIG), all more metal-poor than the Magellanic Clouds and spanning 1 dex in metallicity. We double the number of dusty AGB stars known in these galaxies and find that most are carbon rich. We also find 26 dusty M-type stars, mostly in IC 10. Given the large dust excess and tight spatial distribution of these M-type stars, they are most likely on the upper end of the AGB mass range (stars undergoing Hot Bottom Burning). Theoretical models do not predict significant dust production in metal-poor M-type stars, but we see evidence for dust excess around M-type stars even in the most metal-poor galaxies in our sample ( ). The low metallicities and inferred high stellar masses (up to ∼10 ) suggest that AGB stars can produce dust very early in the evolution of galaxies (∼30 Myr after they form), and may contribute significantly to the dust reservoirs seen in high-redshift galaxies.
Stability investigation of an airfoil section with active flap control

This work presents a method to determine flutter and divergence instability limits for a two-dimensional (2-D) airfoil section fitted with an actively controlled trailing edge flap. This flap consists of a deformable trailing edge, which deformation is governed by control algorithms based on measurements of either heave displacement, local angle of attack or aerodynamic pressure difference measured over the airfoil. The purpose of the controlled deformable flap is to reduce fluctuations in the aerodynamic forces on the airfoil, which, according to recent studies, have a significant potential for fatigue load alleviation. The structural model of the 2-D airfoil section contains three degrees of freedom: heave translation, pitch rotation and flap deflection. A potential flow model provides the aerodynamic forces and their distribution. The unsteady aerodynamics are described using an indicial function approximation. Stability of the full aeroservoelastic system is determined through eigenvalue analysis by state–space formulation of the indicial approximation. Validation is carried out against an implementation of the recursive method by Theodorsen and Garrick for ‘flexure–torsion–aileron’ flutter. The implemented stability tool is then applied to an airfoil section representative of a wind turbine blade with active flap control. It is thereby observed that the airfoil stability limits are significantly modified by the presence of the flap, and they depend on several parameters: flap structural characteristics, type of control, control gain factors and time lag. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Segmenting Customers in Mature Industrial Markets

In mature industrial markets, segmenting customers on size, industry, or product benefits alone is rarely sufficient. Customer behavior in terms of tradeoffs between price and service is an important additional criterion. The authors offer a framework for such buying-behavior-oriented microsegmentation of industrial customers. They apply the framework to segment the national accounts of a large industrial company and show how the results of a segmentation study can be used to redirect the firm's resources and customer segments.
Isotopic variation in Semail Ophiolite lower crust reveals crustal-level melt aggregation

The scale and magnitude of compositional heterogeneity in the mantle has important implications for the understanding of the evolution of Earth. Heterogeneity of the upper mantle is often evaluated based on mid-ocean ridge basalt compositions, despite their homogenisation prior to eruption. In this study we present Nd and Sr isotope data obtained by micro-drilling single plagioclase and clinopyroxene crystals in gabbroic cumulates of the Semail Ophiolite (Oman) and show that mantle source variability is better preserved in the lower crust than in the extrusive suite. Analysis of sub-nanogram quantities of Nd in plagioclase revealed a range in 143Nd/144Ndi in the Wadi Abyad crustal section that is three times greater than recorded in the extrusive suite. The isotopic variability is preserved in plagioclase, whereas clinopyroxene is isotopically homogeneous. These data imply that the mantle is heterogeneous on the scale of melt extraction, and that a significant proportion of homogenisation of erupted melts occurs in the oceanic crust, not the mantle.
Evaluating Mode Effects in Mixed-Mode Survey Data Using Covariate Adjustment Models

Abstract The confounding of selection and measurement effects between different modes is a disadvantage of mixed-mode surveys. Solutions to this problem have been suggested in several studies. Most use adjusting covariates to control selection effects. Unfortunately, these covariates must meet strong assumptions, which are generally ignored. This article discusses these assumptions in greater detail and also provides an alternative model for solving the problem. This alternative uses adjusting covariates, explaining measurement effects instead of selection effects. The application of both models is illustrated by using data from a survey on opinions about surveys, which yields mode effects in line with expectations for the latter model, and mode effects contrary to expectations for the former model. However, the validity of these results depends entirely on the (ad hoc) covariates chosen. Research into better covariates might thus be a topic for future studies.
Inflation and financial sector correlation: the case of Bangladesh

This paper examines the impact of inflation on financial development in case of Bangladesh for the period of 1985-2005. In doing so, ARDL bounds testing approach and Error Correction Method (ECM) have been employed. Empirical findings reveal that high trends of inflation impede the performance of financial markets. GDP per capita promotes development of financial sector through its causal channels.