Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting low back pain in mothers who have disabled children

Purpose: To determine factors that affect low back pain in mothers with disabled children. Method: Thirty-one children with cerebral palsy (CP) and 27 children with muscular dystrophy (MD) and 30 healthy children and their mothers were included in study. The functional independence measure for children (Wee FIM) evaluated levels of independence of disabled children in ADL. A visual analog scale was used to assess back pain degree of mothers. An Oswestry low back pain questionnaire scale (OBPDQ) was used for determining physical disability. Environmental and architectural barriers were assessed according to international standards. The Ovako Working Postures Analysing System (OWAS) evaluated disabled children's mothers' postures while transferring and lifting children. Results: There were differences between three groups. Pain intensity, duration and OBPDQ scores were higher in disabled children's mothers than healthy children's mothers. A negative correlation was found between Wee FIM locomotion, mobility, and OBPDQ scores. Pain intensity, duration, and OBPDQ scores were significantly higher in mothers of nonambulatory disabled children ( p< 0.05). Home evaluation showed that barriers to stairs or lack of an elevator were the most significant home barriers. OWAS demonstrated that 94% of disabled children's mothers back postures were 20 degrees overflexed and rotated, the lower extremities were generally right position (53%) or flexed knee (46%). Conclusions: Protective back health programs must be developed for disabled children's mothers to teach correct transfer and lifting techniques. Suitable architecture and assistive devices should be implemented.
Leishmaniasis in Sindh, Pakistan: outbreak and review of the literature

Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic inPakistan and is widely spreading day by day. Earlier, we proposed that leishmaniasis is endemic in Jacobabad, Dadu and Larkana districts ofSindhProvince. It was pointed out that the disease is dramatically spreading in the country and warned that if the preventive measures were not taken at right time there would be a serious public health problem in the country. Since then, we have regular watch on the disease. Objective Fresh clinical observations of CL patients who visited our department from 2004 to 2005. Patients and methods This study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Chandka Medical College Larkana. A total of 1640 cases of CL were seen during this period. Results Among the 1640 patients, 470 were residents of different cities ofBalochistanProvince; and 1170 were the residents of different cities ofSindhProvince like Jacobabad, Ratodero, Shahdadkot, Qambar, Warah, Mehar, Dadu, Dokri and Larkana. All the patients were aged between 3 months and 60 years. Seven hundred eighty were males and 860 were females. Duration of the disease ranged from1 to 12 months. Most of the patients had single lesions but multiple lesions were also seen on the exposed (mainly) and unexposed parts of the body. Clinically, the lesions were classified as dry ulcerative, wet ulcerative, dry papular, nodular, and crusted lesions. Diagnosis was made on the basis of smear test and clinical presentation of the skin lesions. All the cases were treated with the meglumine antimoniate 600 mg/day (adults) and 15 mg/kg/day (children) either intramuscularly for 20 consecutive days or intralesionally for 10 alternate days. Conclusion Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in theSindhProvince. The molecular characterization and other studies are needed for further evaluation of this disease.
Defoliation tolerance affects the spatial and temporal distributions of larch sawfly and natural enemy populations

1. The monophagous larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii,requires larch, Larix spp. , shoots for oviposition and foliage for larval development. The hypothesis that chronic defoliation reduces shoot availability for adult females, causing shifts in host use within plantations of L. deciduaand L. leptolepis, was evaluated over a 3-year period. 2. Larch productivity and sawfly abundance varied sixto 10-fold among individual trees within each plantation. Sawflies concentrated oviposition on the most rapidly growing trees, and had a marginal impact on shoot production. Consequently, sawfly herbivory on individual trees remained relatively constant for 3 years, failing to support the hypothesis that P. erichsoniidefoliation causes shifts in host use. 3. Pristiphora erichsoniilarval performance varied 20–30% among individual host trees. The oviposition event did not significantly affect larval performance or foliar nutrient content. 4. The relationship between cocoon survival and natural enemy abundance was evaluated among fifteen L. leptolepistrees. Parasites and predators killed over 65% of the 18 315 cocoons sampled. The proportion of cocoons killed by parasitoids declined significantly withP. erichsoniidensity, while predation rates increased under heavily infested trees. Overall, the proportion of cocoons killed by parasitoids and predators did not vary with sawfly density. 5. Results indicate that components of host vigour, herbivore performance and natural enemy guilds exhibit substantial spatial heterogeneity among trees within plantations of exoticLarix trees. Moreover, individual larch can tolerate repeated oviposition and herbivory without a rapid loss in shoot production. The potential for host plant physiological tolerance to herbivory to interact with natural enemy population dynamics and behaviour so as to stabilize herbivore population patterns is discussed.
The Effect of bank specific Sources of competitive advantage on performance : In the case of Ethiopian private commercial banks

RBV posits tangible firm’s resources are vital for superior business performance, as main source of competitive advantage. Private commercial banks in Ethiopia are facing stiff competition necessitating the design of competitive strategies to guarantee their performance. They have to know how and to what extent their internal resources affect their performance and then build competitive strategies to acquire these resources. This study aimed at examining the effect of bank specific tangible resources as sources of competitive advantage on the performances of private commercial banks in Ethiopia. Both explanatory and descriptive research designs were employed. While population of the study was 16 private commercial banks, purposive sampling technique was adopted to reach at 6 target banks, after selecting two senior banks from each three categories. 2009/10 to 2016/17 Panel data of target banks was collected and multivariate regression model with diagnostic tests were applied using STATA software. The study found bank size, total capital and total investment & expense were positively and significantly affected performances, while number of branch negatively and significantly affected performance. Bank size, total capital and total investment & expense used as sources of competitive advantage by the larger private banks while number of branch was not. The larger banks were mainly beneficiaries while the medium banks were competent relative to the smaller. We recommend medium banks to focus on internal growth and small banks on external growth either through mergers or acquisitions to gain competitive advantage. Theses private banks should have to revisit their aggressive branch expansion to moderate and multi channel distribution.
Epidemiological and pathologic aspects of extra-skeletal osteosarcoma in dogs

Extra-skeletal osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that originates from soft tissue. This tumor occurs spontaneously in dogs, but there are few cases described in the literature. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological and pathologic features of extra-skeletal osteosarcoma in 36 dogs. Cases diagnosed as osteosarcoma affecting dogs (n=216), during 2006 to 2016 were reviewed. Of these, 36 cases were diagnosed as extra-skeletal osteosarcoma. The mean age of affected dogs was 10.4 years, and the mean weight was 19.5kg. No breed predisposition was observed. The most frequently affected sites were the mammary glands (80.6%; 29/36), subcutaneous tissue (5.6%; 2/36), liver (5.6%; 2/36), spleen (2.8%; 1/36), omentum (2.8%; 1/36), and kidney (2.8%; 1/36). Histological examination revealed that 61.1% (22/36) of the tumors were osteoblastic, 33.3% (12/36) chondroblastic, 2.8% (1/36) fibroblastic, and 2.8% (1/36) were giant cell-rich osteosarcomas. Histological grade II and III were the most frequent. Lymph node metastases were observed in 21.4% (3/14) of the cases of mammary gland osteosarcoma. Distant metastases were observed in 23.1% (3/13) of cases by diagnostic imaging and in 71.4% (5/7) during autopsy. Metastases were observed in the lungs (57.1%; 4/7), liver (14.3%; 1/7), spleen (14.3%; 1/7), and in multiple sites (14.3%; 1/7). Pulmonary metastases were more frequently observed in cases of mammary gland osteosarcoma.
Seeing red, but acting green? Experimental evidence on charitable giving and affect towards biodiversity

This paper analyses if the media content of brief biodiversity conservation videos impact pro-social behaviour towards biodiversity conservation and experienced affect. In a series of lab experiments, we randomly assign subjects to videos featuring a non-charismatic species (Bats), a charismatic species (Lions) a composite habitat composed of both species (Bats and Lions in the Savanna), or the anthropogenic cause of endangerment. An incentive-compatible charitable giving game is used to measure donations in Study 1. Self-reports of experienced affective states are elicited in Study 2. We find that videos with charismatic Lions increase the likelihood of donating, but films with the anthropogenic cause of endangerment increase the amount donated, conditional on deciding to donate. Media content on the anthropogenic cause of endangerment causes ‘outrage’ and an increase in a range of mixed emotions including anger and sadness. We also find that videos with Lions increase happiness, and the biodiversity habitat videos on the Savanna (with Lions and Bats) increase interest.
XXI SIMPÓSIO NACIONAL DE BIOPROCESSOS XII SIMPÓSIO DE HIDRÓLISE ENZIMÁTICA DE BIOMASSA

To apply the concept of biorefinery to the process of nanocellulose production from sugarcane bagasse, this work aims to extract the hemicellulosic fraction of the bagasse as xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with prebiotic properties, a high-value product. With the aid of an experimental statistical design, process conditions for the selective solubilization of hemicellulose as XOS was studied by assessing the effect of temperature, time and acid concentration. The best condition to produce XOS with high yield and selectivity was 190 ° C for 5.5 minutes and no acid addition. No correlation was found between process conditions and XOS properties like acetylation, and important parameter for XOS as prebiotic. In conclusion, it was possible to tailor the hemicellulose extraction step in the sugarcane bagasse-to-nanocellulose process to selectively produce high levels of XOS.
MICRODISCECTOMY AND STANDARD DISCECTOMY FOR LUMBAR DISC HERNIATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Objective: To compare surgical outcome between lumbar microdiscectomy and standard lumbar discectomy to evaluate the benefits of usage of the microscope in lumbar discectomy. Methodology: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 40 patients with unilateral single level prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc (PLID) with radiculopathy who had been operated during the period of May 2009 to March 2011 in the department of Neurosurgery, BSMMU, Dhaka. Operative outcome was studied in two groups of 20 patients each, having lumbar microdiscectomy and standard lumbar discectomy with a follow-up period of 3 months. Result: The study found statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the surgical outcome of the microdiscectmy and standard discectomy in the skin incision length, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative VAS for lumbar pain, postoperative JOA score and time of return to normal work. In this study, according to Macnab’s classification, excellent or good outcomes were obtained in 95% for microdiscectomy and 85% for standard discectomy. Conclusions: Microdiscectomy procedure technique offers the benefits of a smaller skin incision, limited tissue trauma, shorter postoperative hospital stay and earlier return to normal work than standard discectomy.
Systemic Risk Dimensions in the Hungarian Banking and Insurance Sector

The consecutive financial crises have made the analysis of the systemic risks of financial institutions increasingly important worldwide. The researches so far have been primarily focusing on the banking sector, but insurance companies have also been given an increasing attention. Based on past literature, systematic risk can be measured in a variety of ways, and one of the options is the calculation of the indicators typical of return comovement. This study compares the dimensions calculated by the multidimensional scaling of returns in the banking and insurance sector. The results suggest that return dimensions in the Hungarian banking and insurance sector (related to systemic risk) are not completely independent, and, compared to the banking sector, the return comovement related systemic risk is lower in the insurance sector.
Research on the Influence of Inter-visitor Interaction on Post-travel Behavioral Intention-----Based on The Mediating role of Tourist Satisfaction

Post-purchase behavior intentions are an important measure and judgment basis for enterprises to accurately predict customer follow-up behavior, and are increasingly valued by enterprises and their managers. Therefore, it is a subject worthy of study to explore the factors and paths that influence the customer's willingness to purchase afterwards. The article takes the tourists of the travel agency team as the research object, and introduces the intermediary variable of tourist satisfaction to explore the influence of the interaction between tourists on the intention of post-tour behavior. It is found that the interaction between tourists has a direct impact on the satisfaction of tourists and the intention of post-tour behavior. Tourists are satisfied with the mediating effect of the interaction between tourists on the influence of tourists' behavior after the game, but the mediating effect in the process of the interaction between tourists in the interaction of the post-tourism intentions shows a layered difference.
The Genomic Landscape and Its Clinical Implications in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex process. During the last decade, advances in genomic technologies enabled delineation of the genomic landscape of HCC, resulting in the identification of the common underlying molecular alterations. The tumor microenvironment, regulated by inflammatory cells, including cancer cells, stromal tissues, and the surrounding extracellular matrix, has been extensively studied using molecular data. The integration of molecular, immunological, histopathological, and clinical findings has provided clues to uncover predictive biomarkers to enhance responses to novel therapies. Herein, we provide an overview of the current HCC genomic landscape, previously identified gene signatures that are used routinely to predict prognosis, and an immune-specific class of HCC. Since biomarker-driven treatment is still an unmet need in HCC management, translation of these discoveries into clinical practice will lead to personalized therapies and improve patient care, especially in the era of targeted and immunotherapies. (J Liver Cancer 2019;19:97-107)
Effect of Parametric Uncertainty of Selected
Classification Models and Simulations
of Wastewater Quality Indicators on Predicting
the Sludge Volume Index

This article presents a method for assessing the impact of the predictive uncertainty of selected wastewater quality indicators and the parametric uncertainty of classification models on the forecast results of simulating activated sludge sedimentation using classification models. The data for the calculations were obtained from monitoring carried out at a municipal wastewater treatment plant with a capacity of 72,000 m3/d1, located in the Sitkówka-Nowiny commune. The treatment plant receives wastewater, mostly from Kielce city. In the article the possibility of modeling the sedimentation of activated sludge at a wastewater treatment plant using logistic regression and Gompertz models was presented. The included values of the variables (i.e., sewage quality indicators) have been predicted by black-box methods (support vectors and k-nearest neighbor). This approach can be used to improve the operational efficiency of the bioreactor when continuous measurements of sewage quality are not
How deep do we dig for surface soil? A comparison of patterns of microbial C : N : P stoichiometry between topsoil and subsoil along an aridity gradient

Abstract. Microbial stoichiometry and its driving factors play crucial roles in understanding the balance of chemical elements in ecological interactions and nutrient limitations along aridity gradients. However, little is known about the variation in these features along aridity gradients due to the lack of comprehensive field investigations. Additionally, previous studies focused on the surface soil (0–10 or 0–20 cm); however, the minimum sampling depth for surface soil could impact the results of the vertical distribution of microbial stoichiometry. In the present study, we measured the variation in microbial stoichiometry, examined the major influential factors (climatic, edaphic and biotic factors) along an aridity gradient and determined whether the sampling depth affected microbial C : N : P stoichiometry. We found that the microbial C : N (topsoil: 6.59; subsoil: 6.83), C : P (topsoil: 60.2; subsoil: 60.5) and N : P ratios (topsoil: 9.29; subsoil: 8.91) varied with soil depth and that the microbial C : N ratio significantly increased with soil depth. The microbial C : N ratio significantly increased with increasing aridity for both topsoil and subsoil, while the microbial N : P ratio decreased along the aridity gradient only for the topsoil), which implied that drought-stimulated microbes tend to be more N conservative, especially for the topsoil. Among all the factors, the soil organic carbon (SOC) content and fungi to bacteria ratio exerted the largest influence on the microbial C : N, C : P and N : P ratios at both soil depths, implying that the substrate supply and microbial structure together controlled the microbial stoichiometry. The results also revealed that the aridity index (AI) and plant aboveground biomass (AGB) influenced the C : N ratio in microbial biomass at both soil depths, and the effects of those factors decreased in the subsoil. The results of this study suggested that the flexibility of the microbial N : P ratio should be considered when establishing the minimum sampling depth in a vertical study. The present study also represented the first attempt to examine the patterns of soil microbial stoichiometry for different soil depth along an aridity gradient.
Kelompok Bermain/Taman Kanak-kanak Maitreyawira merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan yang telah lama berdiri dan memiliki reputasi yang baik di Batam. Meskipun demikian, strategi promosi perlu dilakukan untuk mengkomunikasikan layanan pendidikan kepada masyarakat dengan tujuan mempengaruhi indivi

Maitreyawira Playgroup/Kindergarten School is one of the long-standing and reputable educational institutions in Batam. However, promotion strategy needs to be carried out to communicate educational services to the community to influence an individual’s school selection decisions. In this study, there are four variables in the promotional mix element. This research is intended to determine the effectiveness of marketing which is influenced by changes in marketing functions. The data collection method in this study was carried out by distributing questionnaires to the parents whose children study in the Maitreyawira Playgroup/Kindergarten School in Batam and considered as the new service user who experiences the service. The data analysis was conducted into stages such as F-test, t-test, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that WoM (word of mouth) influences Maitreyawira Playgroup/Kindergarten school selection decisions, while e-WoM (electronic word-of-mouth) does not influence the decision to choose Maitreyawira Playgroup/Kindergarten schools.
Comparing Calculated and Measured Losses in a Satellite-Earth Quantum Channel

Long distance distribution of quantum states is necessary for quantum communication and large scale quantum experiments. Currently this distance is limited by channel loss. Previous theoretical analysis [1] and proof of concept experiments [2] showed that satellite quantum communication may have lower losses than optical cable based counterparts. Recently the QuESS experiment [3] realized the first satelliteEarth quantum channel. In this paper we compare theoretical predictions of different mathematical models with experimental results regarding channel loss. We examine the HV-5/7 model, HV-Night model and Greenwood model of optical turbulences, the geometric [4] and diffraction [5][6] models of beam wander and beam widening. Furthermore we take into account the effect of atmospheric gases and aerosols as well as the effect of pointing error. We find that theoretical predictions are largely in the same order of magnitude as experimental results. The exception is the diffraction model of beam spreading where our calculations yielded only one tenth of the measured value. Given the ever changing nature of weather conditions and the changing composition of atmospheric aerosols we conclude that calculated and measured losses are in good agreement. Keywords—satellite; quantum communication; channel loss; downlink;
Heap Paradox in Fish Schools

The heap paradox is an enduring problem in complex systems. One variation of the heap paradox considers how many parts of a whole are required to generate group behaviour. The original heap paradox indicates that the recursive adding grain process finally makes a heap exceeding at a certain point; however, in this study, we insist that this recursive operation must involve ontological judgement (i.e. anticipation for the forthcoming heap from non-heap in every procedure). Applying integrated information theory (IIT) 3.0 provides two solutions to this paradox. Here, the group behaviour of P. altivelis is analysed with group sizes ranging from 2–5 fish. Resultingly, the subgroup embedded in the whole group has qualitatively different group integrity compared with a whole group of the same size: 2-fish subschools lose the followership property, but gain the leadership property, which is never observed in a 2-fish whole school. Thus, our result suggests that each fish tentatively solves the heap paradox according to its own ontological judgements concerning its group size.