Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SAR-mediated Similarity Assessment of the Property Profile for New, Silicon-Based AChE/BChE Inhibitors

A set of 25 novel, silicon-based carbamate derivatives as potential acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE/BChE) inhibitors was synthesized and characterized by their in vitro inhibition profiles and the selectivity indexes (SIs). The prepared compounds were also tested for their inhibition potential on photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts. In fact, some of the newly prepared molecules revealed comparable or even better inhibitory activities compared to the marketed drugs (rivastigmine or galanthamine) and commercially applied pesticide Diuron®, respectively. Generally, most compounds exhibited better inhibition potency towards AChE; however, a wider activity span was observed for BChE. Notably, benzyl N-[(1S)-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)carbamoyl]ethyl]-carbamate (2) and benzyl N-[(1S)-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-1-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)carbamoyl]ethyl]-carbamate (3) were characterized by fairly high selective indexes. Specifically, compound 2 was prescribed with the lowest IC50 value that corresponds quite well with galanthamine inhibition activity, while the inhibitory profiles of molecules 3 and benzyl-N-[(1S)-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamoyl]ethyl]carbamate (4) are in line with rivastigmine activity. Moreover, a structure–activity relationship (SAR)-driven similarity evaluation of the physicochemical properties for the carbamates examined appeared to have foreseen the activity cliffs using a similarity–activity landscape index for BChE inhibitory response values. The ‘indirect’ ligand-based and ‘direct’ protein-mediated in silico approaches were applied to specify electronic/steric/lipophilic factors that are potentially valid for quantitative (Q)SAR modeling of the carbamate analogues. The stochastic model validation was used to generate an ‘average’ 3D-QSAR pharmacophore pattern. Finally, the target-oriented molecular docking was employed to (re)arrange the spatial distribution of the ligand property space for BChE and photosystem II (PSII).
PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIATIONS IN COMPONENT CROPS UNDER WHEAT-MUSTARD INTERCROPPING SYSTEM IN THE TROPICAL SUB-HUMID ENVIRONMENT

Interspecific competition in plant communities is higher than intraspecific competition. In intercropping, interspecific competition is established. The biological development varies in the crop components under intercropping system due to varying physiological responses of the component crops. As the extent of competition depends on geometrical orientation and physiological behavior of the component crops, their bio-development becomes remarkably different than the sole crop condition. Intercropping helps to achieve higher productivity and better resource utilization per unit area and time (Monteith, 1981) due to this variation in physiological responses shown by the component crops. A number of authors discussed the yield variation under intercropping system (Mandal et al., 1986; Saxena and Das, 1990; Singh and Aggarwal, 1990). Variation in growth attributes and availability in nutrient content were also been reported (Choudhary et al., 2014). Analysis and quantification of physiological traits such as LAI, leaf, stem growth rates and NAR of the component crops have not been focused in the recent literature. Moreover, the volume of leaf present in the different tiers of the tall crop has not been investigated. The yield variation under intercropping may be emanated from the physiological variation as well as the variation in pest and disease complex (Jena et al., 2013). The objective of this work is to quantify the LAI at different tiers of the tall crop and the variation of physiological traits in the component crops under intercropping system.In this present paper, the LAI at different tiers of the tall crop, leaf growth rate, stem growth rate and net assimilation rate (NAR) under intercropping system has been discussed.
How big is a small Langmuir probe ?

The area of the sheath around a thin, disk-shaped electrode that is biased below the plasma potential has been computed using a hybrid simulation with cold, collisionless ions and Boltzmann electrons. That is, the ‘‘collecting area’’ of a double-sided, planar Langmuir probe has been determined for the ion saturation current regime. Sheath areas are calculated for probe radii from 10 to 45 electron Debye lengths and for probe biases from ! 5 to ! 30 times the electron temperature. The dependence of the sheath area on probe radius and bias is parameterized using simple empirical formulas. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. #S1070-664X! 00"04807-2$
Feature Construction for Time Ordered Data Sequences

—The recent years and especially the Internet have changed the way on how data is stored. We now often store data together with its creation time-stamp. These data sequences potentially enable us to track the change of data over time. This is quite interesting, especially in the e-commerce area, in which classiﬁcation of a sequence of customer actions, is still a challenging task for data miners. However, before standard algorithms such as Decision Trees, Neuronal Nets, Naive Bayes or Bayesian Belief Networks can be applied on sequential data, preparations need to be done in order to capture the information stored within the sequences. Therefore, this work presents a systematic approach on how to reveal sequence patterns among data and how to construct powerful features out of the primitive sequence attributes. This is achieved by sequence aggregation and the incorporation of time dimension into the feature construction step. The proposed algorithm is described in detail and applied on a real life data set, which demonstrates the ability of the proposed algorithm to boost the classiﬁcation performance of well known data mining algorithms for classiﬁcation tasks.
Translation as an Intercultural Communication Encounter: A deconstructive Approach

The role of the translator is not really distinct from that of the communicator in any typical intercultural communication encounter/ verbal exchange. In both instances the translator as well as the communicator is called upon to deliver what is being intended in the written or spoken linguistic code. Having said that, then the task which both of them is bound to focus on is identical or similar since it presupposes that each person possesses a high level of competence in two linguistic and cultural systems in order to accomplish the very task they are called upon to accomplish. Therefore, the primary goal of this paper is two-fold: to underscore the family resemblance or interconnection between the process of translation and that of intercultural communication encounter; and to underscore the merits of treating translation as an intercultural or inter-lingual act of communication since the constraints which face the translator are quite similar to those which the communicator encounters.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of SYCP3 and TSEG2 Genes in the Testicles of Sexually Mature and Immature Yak

Testis-specific genes play an essential part in the centromere union during meiosis in male germ cells, spermatogenesis, and in fertility. Previously, there was no research report available on the expression pattern of SYCP3 and TSEG2 genes in different ages of yaks. Therefore, the current research compared the expression profiling of SYCP3 and TSEG2 genes in testes of yaks. The expression pattern of SYCP3 and TSEG2 mRNA was investigated using qPCR, semi-quantitative PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and molecular bioinformatics. Our findings displayed that SYCP3 and TSEG2 genes were prominently expressed in the testicles of yaks as compared to other organs. On the other hand, the protein encoded by yak SYCP3 contains Cor1/Xlr/Xmr conserved regions, while the protein encoded by yak TSEG2 contains synaptonemal complex central element protein 3. Additionally, multiple alignments sequences indicated that proteins encoded by Datong yak SYCP3 and TSEG2 were highly conserved among mammals. Moreover, western blot analysis specified that the molecular mass of SYCP3 protein was 34-kDa and TSEG2 protein 90-kDa in the yak. Furthermore, the results of immunohistochemistry also revealed the prominent expression of these proteins in the testis of mature yaks, which indicated that SYCP3 and TSEG2 might be essential for spermatogenesis, induction of central element assembly, and homologous recombination.
A Proposal for a New Method of Modeling of the Quantum Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

(Received 25 Jun. 2019; Revised 20 Jul. 2019; Accepted 19 Aug. 2019; Published 15 Sep. 2019) Abstract: With the advancement of nanoscale semiconductor technology, semiconductor optical amplifiers are used to amplify and process all-optical signals. In this paper, with the aim of calculating the gain of quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA), two groups of rate equations and the optical signal propagating equation are used in the active layer of the device. For this purpose, the related equations are presented coherently. In our model, the rate equations that are ordinary differential equations (ODE) are solved by the Runge-Kutta method. The rate equations are based on the occupation probabilities of the energy levels instead of the carrier densities. On the other hand, the signal propagating equation is a partial differential equation (PDE) and is solved by using the SLICE technique. Therefore, a suitable solution for numerical modeling is presented. Based on the presented method, modeling is implemented in the MATLAB environment. The modeling results show a remarkable accuracy of the model. Also, the proposed model is simple and the runtime is too short in comparison with other similar models.
Academic Achievements of College Graduates With Learning Disabilities Vis-a-Vis Admission Criteria and Academic Support

Postsecondary entrance examination scores are generally low predictors of college achievement (grade point average [GPA]) for students with learning disabilities (LD). The difficulties with meeting academic requirements have raised the awareness of the needs of students with LD for support services. The present study examined the adequacy of entrance criteria to academic studies for students with LD and the effectiveness of three support levels during their academic studies in increasing their academic gains. Data were collected for 315 college graduates with LD and 955 graduates who do not have LD (NLD) who completed their BA studies in a college in Israel. Although the admission scores of graduates with LD were lower than those of NLD graduates, their GPA was higher than the GPA of NLD graduates. The psychometric score had a low correlation with final college GPA of graduates with LD. There was no difference in the final GPA of the graduates with LD in the different support programs. The findings suggest that academic support can be an effective way to help students with LD to eliminate or close the gap between them and NLD students and to earn an academic degree, regardless of what if any admission criteria were applied to them.
Cohabiting, Family and Community Stressors, Selection, and Juvenile Delinquency

Prior research has established that children from traditional, two-parent nuclear families experience a lower risk of delinquency than children raised in alternative family structures. However, many studies have ignored the effect of parental cohabiting on delinquent development. A growing body of research suggests that cohabiting (even among biological parents) may be harmful to children. This study tests the hypothesis that cohabiting is associated with four different types of delinquent behavior. It examines two theoretical models, a family stress model and a community stress/selection model, as possible explanations of ‘‘the cohabiting effect. ’’ The analysis reveals that cohabiting is generally associated with increased risk of misbehavior (although the effects do vary somewhat by type of delinquency). Although the theoretical models could not completely explain ‘‘the cohabiting effect,’’ substantial evidence of both mediation and moderation is found. The implications of the findings are discussed.
HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Dodoma Municipality, Tanzania: A cross sectional Study

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. P.O. BOX 65015, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, email: eliajelia@yahoo.co.uk, Telephone: +255785900101 Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway National AIDS Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Department of Behavioural Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Influence of Operative Parameters on Microwave Regeneration of Catalytic Soot Wff for Diesel Engines

Wall-Flow Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) are considered the most effective devices for the control of diesel particulate emissions; however they need a periodic continuous regeneration. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in using MW energy for DPF regeneration due to its instantaneous and selective heating process. So the objectives of this study were to conduct experiments to: 1. prepare a specifically catalysed SiC DPF with MW absorption properties; 2. demonstrate the efficiency of the microwave regeneration.
RESISTANCE TO ANTIPLATELET DRUGS IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases and stroke are steadily the leading causes of death in Latvia. Therefore, the greatest efforts should be given to recognize associative factors which may be modifiable to decrease the burden of ischemic events. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of aspirin and clopidogrel resistance and its associated risk factors in patients with acute cerebrovascular events. METHODS: The prospective, descriptive study included 204 patients. Patients were considered biochemical resistant to aspirin if platelet aggregation was ≥550 ARU, whereas biochemical clopidogrel resistance was defined when platelet inhibition was >230 PRU. RESULTS: Biochemical aspirin resistance was found in 27 (13%) patients, whereas clopidogrel resistance - in 44 (22%) patients. Five patients (2%) had resistance to both antiplatelet drugs. In the analysis of blood parameters, none were associated with aspirin resistance, except the level of triglycerides which were lower in the aspirin resistance group (p=0.001; r=0.26). In the analysis of clopidogrel sensitivity there was a difference in diabetes prevalence where it was more frequent in the clopidogrel resistance group (15.6% vs. 40.9%; p=0.001; r=0.255). Patients with clopidogrel resistance had higher levels of triglycerides 1.7 (1.3-2.6) than patients grouped as sensitive 1.4 ((1.1-2.0), p=0.033; r=0.16). CONCLUSION: Biochemical aspirin and clopidogrel resistance are quite common in patients with cerebrovascular diseases in Latvia. Our study found that patients with diabetes and elevated glycosylated hemoglobin level were more prone to clopidogrel biochemical resistance. However, the association between aspirin resistance and clinical, laboratory data remains inconclusive.
Data Appendix to The Great Depression in Canada and the United States: A Neoclassical Perspective

Canada suffered a major depression from 1929 to 1939. In terms of output, it was similar to the Great Depression in the United States. However, total factor productivity (TFP) in Canada did not recover relative to trend, the in the United States TFP had revered by 1937. We find that the neoclassical growth model, with TFP treated as exogenous, can account for over half of the decline in output relative to trend in Canada. In contrast, we find that conventional explanations for the Great Depression - monetary shocks, terms of trade shocks and labor market and competition policies - do not work for Canada. (Copyright: Elsevier)
A Comparison of the Psychometric Properties of the Forced Choice and Likert Scale Versions of a Personality Instrument

The present research investigated if an item response theory (IRT)-scored forced-choice personality questionnaire has the same normative data structures as a similar version that uses a 5-point Likert scale instead. The study was conducted using a sample of 349 training delegates who completed both an IRT-scored forced-choice and a normative single-stimulus version of the questionnaire. Results largely supported the scaling properties, measurement precision, and equivalence of the data structures of the two scoring methods.
Rail surface anomaly detection : a deep learning approach for computer vision

Rail surface defects have become more of an issue in recent years due to new manufacturing techniques which produce head-hardened rails and as industry demands higher speeds, heavier loads and increased traffic. These defects can cause catastrophic accidents, which have consequences such as death, injury, huge cost implications and loss of public confidence. Computer vision systems have become popular, as cameras are non-contact full-field sensors which are low in cost, have high sampling rates and provide appealing performance. However, accurate inspection remains challenging due to dynamic non-linear environmental and rail surface conditions in which images are captured, which result in a heterogeneous image dataset. It is also difficult to select useful features which satisfy the variations due to different failure modes. In addition, there is a class imbalance issue, as most captured images do not contain any defects. In this dissertation, we develop deep generative models that are trained exclusively using healthy images of a rail surface so that we learn useful features to capture the complex nature of the images which are acquired. We propose multiple models which operate with images at different resolutions. We present a new dataset which will be made publicly available. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed models can perform accurate detection using our dataset. The proposed algorithms are highly parallel and computationally efficient, which enables real-time inspection at speeds that exceed the world’s fastest railway trains: Fuxing Hao CR400AF/BF that has a continuous operation speed of approximately 400 km/h.
High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) is Associated with Progression and Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Cancer

Aim: Increased expression of High Mobility Group Protein Box 1(HMGB1) has been reported with several different tumor types, but the role of HMGB1 in pancreatic cancer is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to detect the expression of HMGB1 and evaluate the role of HMGB1 in pancreatic cancer. Methods: The expression level of HMGB1 in pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 was detected by western blot analysis and reverse transcription PCR. Furthermore, primary tumors tissues of 35 patients with resected pancreatic cancer(T2-4 N0-2 M0-1) were stained immune histochemically using the polyclonal anti-HMGB1 antibody. The prognostic relevance of HMGB1 expression was evaluated by univariate Kaplan-Meier among 35 patients. Results: HMGB1 is over expressed in pancreatic cancer.HMGB1 overexpression was significantly associated with clinical stage (p<0.05). Univariate Cox regression showed that the survival time was significantly different between groups with high and low expression of HMGB1, indicating that high level of HMGB1correlated with a shorter survival time (P<0.05; HR, 2.53; 95%CI, 1.14-5.64). Conclusions: HMGB1 might promote pancreatic cancer progression and HMGB1 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for patients’ survival
The Customer May Not Always Be Right: Customer Compatibility and Service Performance

This paper investigates the impact of customer compatibility—the degree of fit between customers’ needs and the capabilities of the operations serving them—on customer experiences and firm performance. We use variance decomposition analysis to quantify the relative importance of customer, employee, process, location, and market-level effects on customer satisfaction. In our models, which explain roughly a quarter of the aggregate variance, differences among customers account for 96%–97% of the explainable portion. Further analysis of interaction-level data from banking and quick-service restaurants reveals that customers report relatively consistent satisfaction across transactions with particular firms but that some customers are habitually more satisfied than others. A second set of empirical studies provides evidence that these customer-level differences are explained in part by customer compatibility. Customers whose needs, proxied by differences in demographics and product choices, diverge more starkly from those of their bank’s average customers report significantly lower levels of satisfaction. Consistently, banks that serve customer bases with more dispersed needs receive lower satisfaction scores than banks serving customer bases with less dispersed needs. Finally, a longitudinal analysis of the deposit and loan growth of all federally insured banks in the United States from 2006 to 2017 reveals that customer compatibility affects a firm’s financial performance. Branches with more divergent customers grow more slowly than branches with less divergent customers. Institutions serving customer bases with more dispersed needs have branches that exhibit slower growth than those of institutions serving customer bases with less dispersed needs. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
The challenge of keeping it off, a descriptive systematic review of high‐quality, follow‐up studies of obesity treatments

The aim of this systematic review is to answer the question: Is substantial, stable, and long‐term weight loss a viable goal for adults with obesity? To answer this question, we conducted a broad systematic search of non‐surgical and non‐pharmacological obesity treatment studies with the following strict criteria: (a) minimum 3‐year follow‐up, (b) 5% body mass lost, (c) no continued interventions in the follow‐up‐period, (d) prospective design, and (e) less than 30% attrition from the start of the follow‐up period. While the search revealed a very large number of published articles, only eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Several of the nonincluded studies report a majority of participants achieving satisfactory weight loss and little regain, especially among studies with continued interventions during the follow‐up period. In contrast, the eight high‐quality studies included in this study demonstrate a trend of weight regain towards pretreatment baseline. This review concludes that the majority of high‐quality follow‐up treatment studies of individuals with obesity are not successful in maintaining weight loss over time. The results suggest that excess weight can be lost but is likely regained over time, for the majority of participants.