Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial heterogeneity in the structure of the planktonic food web in the North Sea

The distributions of bacteria, phytoplankton, protozooplankton and copepod biomass and activity were examined in relation to hydrographic characteristics of the water column on 2 cruises in the North Sea (August 1991 and May 1992). On both cruises, the greatest phytoplankton biomass concentrations were associated with subsurface chlorophyll peaks. The 480:665 nm absorption ratio suggested that phytoplankton located in surface waters were nutrient depleted and the ratio of phytoplankton carbon to bacterial carbon was generally low, suggesting that bacteria played an important ro! e ir! n u t ~ e n t urnever ! n snrfzce x! ate:s a! these tLTes ! a t h e subsu:facc ck! ~:sphy! pc;ks, :he pattern was variable with respect to the apparent nutrient status of the phytoplankton and the phytoplankton to bacteria carbon ratios On the basis of oceanographic features, we identified sites where we predicted the formation of subsurface chlorophyll peaks. At these sites, the phytoplankton to bacteria carbon ratios in the subsurface peak were generally hlgh and the 480:665 nm absorption ratio suggested that the phytoplankton were not nutrient limited. Also at these sites, the greatest absolute values of copepod production as well as the greatest percentage of total water column primary production being channelled into copepods were recorded. The regions where subsurface phytoplankton peaks were predicted to form were, thus, characterised by a 'classical' food web in which energy is efficiently transferred into larger zooplankters. We argue that heterogeneity in the nutrient status of phytoplankton in the subsurface peak can be important in controlling the type ('classical' or 'regenerated') of planktonic food web found in the water column as a whole. K E Y WORDS: Phytoplankton Zooplankton . Food web Vertical and honzontal heterogeneity
The Engaged Academic: Academic Intellectuals and the Psychiatric Survivor Movement

This paper considers some political and ethical issues associated with the ‘academic intellectual’ who researches social movements. It identifies some of the ‘lived contradictions’ such a role encounters and analyses some approaches to addressing these contradictions. In general, it concerns the ‘politico-ethical stance’ of the academic intellectual in relation to social movements and, as such, references the ‘theory of the intellectual’ associated with the work of Antonio Gramsci. More specifically, it considers that role in relation to one political ‘field’ and one type of movement: a field which we refer to, following the work of Peter Sedgwick, as ‘psychopolitics’, and a movement which, since the mid- to late-1980s, has been known as the ‘psychiatric survivor’ movement—psychiatric patients and their allies who campaign for the democratisation of the mental health system. In particular, through a comparison of two texts, Nick Crossley's Contesting Psychiatry and Kathryn Church's Forbidden Narratives, the paper contrasts different depths of engagement between academic intellectuals and the social movements which they research.
Medium voltage adjustable speed drives-users' and manufacturers' experiences

Energy management and efficient use of electricity are being promoted by most utilities in Canada and the USA. In some cases, cash incentives are being offered towards conducting feasibility studies and project implementation when the energy paybacks are attractive. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study completed in July 1995 for a large Canadian utility, covering users' and manufacturers' experiences with medium voltage adjustable speed drives (ASDs) for induction motors. 30 out of 40 users, primarily from the petrochemical industry in the USA and Canada, participated in completing a detailed questionnaire and reported on 66 medium voltage drives ranging from 800-10000 HP. Information was gathered on the performance and reliability of the total drive system, including the motor, drive, driven equipment, isolation transformer, line filters and selection criteria. Also, four manufacturers of medium voltage drives provided pertinent information on their ASD system, technology, features, customer requirements and future trends. This paper presents the analysis of the data gathered from both the users and the manufacturers. Based on the study findings, suggestions and recommendations are made to ASD manufacturers, users and utilities.
Fan-shaped jets above the light bridge of a sunspot driven by reconnection

We report on a fan-shaped set of high-speed jets above a strongly magnetized light bridge (LB) of a sunspot observed in the H$\alpha$ line. We study the origin, dynamics and thermal properties of the jets using high-resolution imaging spectroscopy in H$\alpha$ from the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope and data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory and Hinode. The H$\alpha$ jets have lengths of 7-38 Mm, are impulsively accelerated to a speed of $\sim 100$ km/s close to photospheric footpoints in the LB, and exhibit a constant deceleration consistent with solar effective gravity. They are predominantly launched from one edge of the light bridge, and their footpoints appear bright in the H$\alpha$ wings. AIA data indicates elongated brightenings that are nearly co-spatial with the H$\alpha$ jets. We interpret them as jets of at least transition region temperatures. The magnetic field in the light bridge has a strength of $0.8-2$ kG and it is nearly horizontal. All jet properties are consistent with magnetic reconnection as the driver.
Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit by Brennan Hodkinson and Martine Visser

We present results from the Cape Area Panel Study dataset investigating how social comparisons with regard to income affect subjective wellbeing of both young adults and parents. Objective and subjective measures of relative income are used, assessing how individuals compare themselves to others and to themselves over time. Strong evidence is found to suggest that social comparisons affect subjective wellbeing, both relative to neighbors and relative to oneself in the past. Objective measures of wellbeing also influence happiness, but this is more prevalent in interpersonal than intertemporal comparisons. It is possible that some adaptation does occur within individuals over
What Scientific Thinking Reveals About the Nature of Cognition

The mental processes underlying scientific thinking and discovery have been investigated by cognitive psychologists, educators, and creativity researchers for over half a century. Despite this wide interest in scientific thinking, the field has been regarded as an intriguing offshoot of cognitive psychology that provides scientific cover stories for theories of analogy, concept acquisition, problem solving, and cognitive development rather than revealing something new about the nature of cognition. In this chapter, I will provide a summary of recent research that we have conducted on scientific thinking and I will argue that this research provides a new perspective on the ways that basic cognitive processes function. Thus, scientific thinking allows us to understand complex cognition and generate new models of basic cognitive processes that have eluded researchers using arbitrary and simple stimuli that are commonly used in psychology experiments. Rather than being an offshoot of mainstream cognitive theories, I will propose that scientific thinking is a paradigmatic example of cognition that reveals the key features of many basic cognitive processes. Recent research on the nature of scientific thinking has implications not only for theories of cognition, but also for both the content and practice of science education.
Outsourcing of logistics transport: A Brazilian leather industry case study.

This study aims to analyze the transport sector in Brazil and the criteria for outsourcing of business transport through a case study in a Brazilian industry of leather sector, which outsourced its transport distribution process. As a result of this process, this company could save 60% of its transport costs and improved its service level, which generated an additional 3.5% on its revenue. These research findings are relevant in terms of transportation outsourcing decision criteria, being a strategic decision in operations; thus, in managerial terms, this outsourcing process could make the company’s distribution transportation capability more flexible and agile.
Iron Deficiency Anaemia is Associated with Decreased Levels of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1

Many bodily systems are affected by iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), including the immune system. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms whereby this anaemia promotes deterioration in immunity remain largely unexplained. In order to enlighten this pathophysiological link , serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which play an important roles in a healthy functioning immune system, were examined in patients with IDA and healthy volunteers. A total of 30 patients with IDA (mean age 33.6±7.8 years, 30% male) and 30 healthy individuals (mean age 30.1 ± 8.8 years, 27 % male) were included. Serum MIF and MCP-1 levels were measured in a sandwich-assay format, using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. There was no statistically significant difference in age and gender distribution between participants with IDA and controls (p>0.05). Serum MIF and MCP-1 concentrations were lower in the IDA group than in the control group (p < 0.005, and p < 0.01, respectively). When considering the role of MIF and MCP-1 in maintaining the normal immune response of the organism, a decrease in production in patients with IDA may contribute to immune dysfunction in these individuals.
EXPLORING THE SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENCES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL CAREER META-CAPACITIES AND RETENTION-RELATED DISPOSITIONS

The aim of this study was to better understand socio-demographic differences of individuals in terms of their psychological career meta-capacities (measured by the Psychological Career Resources Inventory) and their retention related dispositions construct variables ((measured by the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and Organisation-Related Commitment Scale). A quantitative survey was conducted involving a non-probability purposive sample of predominantly black females employed at managerial and staff levels (N = 318) in the field of industrial and organisational psychology. An independent-samples t-test indicated significant differences between the various socio-demographic groups in regard to the measured variables. The findings contribute new knowledge that may be used to inform human resource career development practices concerned with the retention of particularly female employees in South African service industry.
Assessing the Effects of Technical Variance on the Statistical Outcomes of Web Experiments Measuring Response Times

A simulation was conducted to assess the effect of technical variance on the statistical power of web experiments measuring response times. The results of the simulation showed that technical variance reduced the statistical power and the accuracy of the effect size estimate by a negligible magnitude. This finding therefore suggests that researchers’ preconceptions concerning the unsuitability of web experiments for conducting research using response time as a dependent measure are misguided.
Entrepreneurs' Access to Venture Capital in Moroccan's Technology-Based Ventures: An Exploratory Study of the Role of Social Capital

This paper aims to explore how do the structural and relational social capital configurations of entrepreneurs influence their ability to get access to financial sources directly and under which conditions they do (have to) rely on third-parties on higher-risk investments? A semi-structured interview with a short questionnaire was adopted and six technology-based new ventures were selected that shared some common characteristics from an initial shortlist of 10 technology-based ventures backed or not by Moroccan venture capitalists. Our findings show that social capital of entrepreneurs seems to have positive effect, although indirectly, on higher investment decisions facing more risks, typically venture capitalists investment. The effects of social capital, sense-making as favorable anticipation, are contingent on specific characteristics of third-parties involved in venture capitalists funding process rather than on just that of their entrepreneurial teams. Also, results show the optimal scenario when new venture able to get access to financial sources directly and under which conditions they do (have to) rely on thirdparties involved in venture capitalists investment decision process. However, the validity of exploratory research rests on the concept of theoretical saturation, we cannot definitively claim for it with six cases with 19 external financial sources because interview with entrepreneurs is not sufficiently refined to detect unless social capital of entrepreneur can have effects on venture capitalists’ investment decisions. The extension to high technologies is the most natural step, moving to other low-risk industries is possible with the same kind of research protocol. Finally, this study contributes to the new venture’s social capital and venture capital literature by providing an optimal combination of these two approaches. It also clearly points to the complementary nature between the social capital and contingency approach to study and explain the complex reality of equity capital, especially venture capital financing.
Endorsing Narratives Under Threat: Maintaining Perceived Collective Continuity Through the Protective Power of Ingroup Narratives in Northern Ireland and Cyprus.

In historically divided societies, narratives play an important role in understanding the maintenance and perception of identities and group status over time. Moving beyond the consequences of identity continuity perceptions, in this paper we were interested in the antecedents of perceived collective continuity, specifically the role of narratives and threat perceptions. We predicted that endorsement of ingroup narratives would be associated with higher perceived continuity through stronger perceptions of group threat. To test this hypothesis, we recruited participants from both majority and minority groups in Northern Ireland (N = 268) and in Cyprus (N = 413) to complete an online survey to examine their endorsement of ingroup and outgroup narratives, their perceptions of identity continuity and feelings of threat. We tested these predictions with path analyses. In line with our hypothesis, results demonstrate that, for both majority and minority groups, if group members feel threatened they are more likely to endorse their ingroup historical narrative as this helps them to maintain a sense of continuity of their ingroup identity. Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of considering narratives in intergroup relations.
The Evolution of the Human Capital of Women

The labour market attachment of females has increased dramatically over the last half century, converging to a pattern similar to that of males. Human capital theory predicts an associated increase in human capital investment by females and a convergence in the life‐cycle human capital investment profiles of males and females. This paper explores wage‐based and job skills‐based approaches to measuring the increased supply of efficiency units of human capital by females over the last four decades. Results suggest that the magnitude of the contribution of the increased human capital of women to post‐war economic growth is substantially underestimated by conventional methods of measuring human capital and labour inputs. A complete picture of the evolution of the human capital of women requires new approaches to measuring their human capital. L’evolution du capital humain des femmes. Au cours des cinquante dernieres annees, l’activite des femmes sur le marche du travail a considerablement augmente, convergeant vers un modele similaire a celui des hommes. Correlativement, la theorie du capital humain anticipe deux phenomenes : une augmentation de l’investissement des femmes dans le capital humain ainsi qu’une convergence des profils d’investissement dans le capital humain par les deux sexes tout au long de la vie. Afin d’evaluer la hausse de productivite du capital humain des femmes au cours des quarante dernieres annees, cet article explore les approches basees a la fois sur le salaire et les competences professionnelles. Les resultats suggerent que l’ampleur de la hausse du capital humain des femmes dans l’economie d’apres‐guerre a ete sensiblement sous‐evaluee par les methodes de calcul traditionnelles, a la fois du capital humain et du facteur travail. Ainsi, pour mesurer l’evolution du capital humain des femmes de facon plus globale, de nouvelles approches sont necessaires.
Facultative response to a kleptoparasite by the cooperatively breeding pied babbler

In many cases of interspecific kleptoparasitism, hosts develop defensive behaviors to minimize the impact of kleptoparasites. Because vigilance and defensive behaviors are often costly, selection should favor hosts that adjust the amount of investment needed to minimize losses to kleptoparasitism. However, examples of such facultative responses are rare. Here, we investigate the response of cooperatively breeding pied babblers (Turdoides bicolor) to the drongo (Dicrurus adsimilis), an avian kleptoparasite that regularly follows pied babbler groups, often giving alarm calls to alert the group to predators but also occasionally giving false alarm calls in order to steal food items. We show that pied babbler response to drongos varies markedly according to babbler group size. In small groups, where there are few individuals available to act as sentinels, babblers sentinel less when a drongo is present and respond strongly to drongo alarm calls. However, in large groups, where there are many individuals available to participate in predator vigilance, babblers sentinel more often when a drongo is present, rarely respond to drongo alarm calls, and aggressively displace drongos, with a consequent decline in the number of successful kleptoparasitism events. This behavior represent a facultative response to a kleptoparasite according to the costs versus benefits of tolerating their presence. Copyright 2007, Oxford University Press.
The Quantity and Quality of Environmental Reporting in Annual Report of Public Listed Companies in Malaysia

Business organisations are facing the challenge of disseminating environmental information asthe public concerns regarding these issues have increased. This study examines the environmentalreporting practices in the annual reports of 243 companies listed on the Main Board ofBursa Malaysia for the year 2005. Content analysis approach was utilized to determine thequantity and quality of the environmental information disclosure in annual reports. The resultsindicated that only 28% of the companies reported this information in their annual reports andmerely five sentences were dedicated for these reports. It was also revealed that the averagequality of environmental reporting per company is 3.24%. In addition, it was discovered thatlarger companies and companies in environmentally sensitive areas published more informationas well as provided higher quality disclosure. Additionally, it was also revealed that companieswith high level of quantity environmental reporting are also having high level of quality environmentalreporting. Â Copyright Â© www.iiste. org
Shift in the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter in the Congo River network

Abstract. The processing of terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) during downstream transport in fluvial networks is poorly understood. Here, we report a dataset of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and DOM composition (stable carbon isotope ratios, absorption and fluorescence properties) acquired along a 1700 km transect in the middle reach of the Congo River basin. Samples were collected in the mainstem and its tributaries during high-water (HW) and falling-water (FW) periods. DOC concentrations and DOM composition along the mainstem were found to differ between the two periods because of a reduced lateral mixing between the central water masses of the Congo River and DOM-rich waters from tributaries and also likely because of a greater photodegradation during FW as water residence time (WRT) increased. Although the Cuvette Centrale wetland (one of the world's largest flooded forests) continuously releases highly aromatic DOM in streams and rivers of the Congo Basin, the downstream transport of DOM was found to result in an along-stream gradient from aromatic to aliphatic compounds. The characterization of DOM through parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) suggests that this transition results from (1) the losses of aromatic compounds by photodegradation and (2) the production of aliphatic compounds by biological reworking of terrestrial DOM. Finally, this study highlights the critical importance of the river–floodplain connectivity in tropical rivers in controlling DOM biogeochemistry at a large spatial scale and suggests that the degree of DOM processing during downstream transport is a function of landscape characteristics and WRT.