Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pupil miosis within 5 minutes in darkness is a valid and sensitive quantitative measure of alertness: application in daytime sleepiness associated with sleep apnea.

STUDY OBJECTIVES The regulation of arousal and pupillary functions may be intimately linked via activity in the nucleus locus coeruleus. In this preliminary study, we tested the validity of the gradual pupillary miosis during 5 minutes in darkness, as a quantitative physiologic index of the arousal state of the brain. DESIGN Cross-sectional assessment of 2 groups with between-group comparison and correlational analyses within the patient group. PARTICIPANTS Eleven unmedicated male patients recently diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with no comorbid conditions who had undergone polysomnography to assess OSA severity and sleep variables, and 11 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. INTERVENTIONS Sampling of the resting pupil diameter (RPD) over 5 minutes in darkness in the morning and in the afternoon hours, using an infrared video pupillometer. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The RPD was smaller, indicating a lower level of arousal, in the patient group compared with controls in both the morning and the afternoon; the RPD showed a significant circadian reduction in the afternoon only in the patient group. Within the patient group, the RPD correlated negatively with Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores and Arousal Index and positively with the lowest oxygen saturation during the night. Controlling for the effect of body mass index, the relationship between RPD and subjective sleepiness was lost, whereas the relationship with most of the objective indexes of OSA severity was improved. CONCLUSIONS The 5-minute pupillary miosis in darkness holds promise as a simple, fast-to-administer, valid, and sensitive test for the objective assessment of excessive daytime sleepiness.
Unusual Features of Scleroma

HISTORY The first description of the disease as a clinical entity was given by Von Hebra (1870) who called it nasal leprosy, hard nose, foetid nose and exuberant syphilis of the nose. Gerber (1900) characterized the lesion as a chronic inflammatory process accompanied by perivascular cellular infiltration and connective tissue proliferation. Miculicz (1876) studied the microscopical histology. In the same year Gerhard gave the first comprehensive description of laryngoscleroma. In 1882 Von Frisch discovered a bacillus which he thought to be the causal agent.
CD95 ligand expression as a criterion of malignant transformation in breast cancer

1. Endoh Y, Tamura G, Watanabe H, et al. The common 18-base pair deletion at codons 418±423 of E-cadherin gene in differentiated-type adenocarcinomas and intramucosal precancerous lesions of the stomach with the features of gastric foveolar epithelium. J Pathol 1999; 189: 201±206. 2. Tamura G, Sakata K, Nishizuka S, et al. Inactivation of the Ecadherin gene in primary gastric carcinomas and gastric carcinoma cell lines. Jpn J Cancer Res 1996; 87: 1153±1159. 3. Ishiguro S. Histological signi®cance of foveolar type tubular adenocarcinoma of the stomach: its histogenesis and relationship to undifferentiated carcinoma (in Japanese with an English abstract). Med J Osaka Univ 1987; 39: 507±514. 4. Tatematsu M, Ichinose M, Miki K, et al. Gastric and intestinal phenotypic expression of human stomach cancers as revealed by pepsinogen immunohistochemistry and mucin histochemistry. Acta Pathol Jpn 1990; 40: 494±504. 5. Endoh Y, Sakata K, Tamura G, et al. Cellular phenotypes of differentiated-type adenocarcinomas and precancerous lesions of the stomach are dependent on the genetic pathways. J Pathol 2000; (in press). 6. Endoh Y, Tamura G, Motoyama T, et al. Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma mimicking complete-type intestinal metaplasia in the stomach. Hum Pathol 1999; 30: 826±832.
Role of protein D2 and lipopolysaccharide in diffusion of quinolones through the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Routes of quinolone permeation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated by using sparfloxacin as a prototype compound. [14C]sparfloxacin cell labeling was 13 to 28% lower in three protein D2-deficient mutants resistant to imipenem than in their imipenem-susceptible counterparts. In four impermeability-type quinolone-resistant strains isolated from pefloxacin-treated animals, we observed two- to fourfold-greater resistance to imipenem, reduced protein D2 expression in the outer membrane according to Western blotting (immunoblotting), and 25 to 29% decreased cell labeling with imipenem. In a protein D2-producing strain but not in its protein D2-deficient isogenic mutant, uptake of [14C]sparfloxacin was strongly inhibited by L-lysine and imipenem, which act as substrates for protein D2. Conversely, binding of [14C]imipenem in a porin D2-positive strain was reduced by sparfloxacin but not by the nonamphoteric quinolone nalidixic acid. Sparfloxacin, imipenem, and lysine possess a carboxyl group and a potentially protonated nitrogen separated from each other by 0.64 to 1.07 nm as calculated by computer. Hence, protein D2 may catalyze facilitated diffusion for sparfloxacin, as it does for imipenem. In addition, pefloxacin-selected isolates contained 41 to 113% more 3-deoxy-D-mannooctulosonic acid than their quinolone-susceptible counterparts, with MIC increases of 2- to 4-fold for WIN-57273 (n-octanol-phosphate buffer partition coefficient, 13.139), 4- to 8-fold for difloxacin (partition coefficient, 3.093) and sparfloxacin (partition coefficient, 0.431), and 8- to 16-fold for norfloxacin (partition coefficient, 0.059) and ciprofloxacin (partition coefficient, 0.056). Thus, we hypothetize that in quinolone-selected strains, increased amounts of lipopolysaccharide form a permeability barrier that acts preferentially against hydrophilic quinolones.
Computer Simulations of Slow Progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Relapse during Anti‐HIV Treatment with Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors and Protease Inhibitors

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been very serious problems since the 1980s. The progression of HIV infection into AIDS can be suppressed to some extent with reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs); however, there are some serious problems with treatments using the anti‐HIV drugs (e.g. very high expense, complicated administration, and drug resistance). Hence, more studies on HIV and the development of more effective anti‐HIV treatments are required. We consider it important to understand the complex dynamics involved in HIV infection, and we therefore propose new mathematical models of HIV infection. In the modeling, we have paid attention to the nonlinear relations between stimuli and responses (i.e., when responses are plotted against the logarithm of stimuli, a sigmoid curve is obtained), and to lymphoid organs which seem more important than the blood compartment (i.e., lymphoid organs are major reservoirs of HIV virions and contain most of the lymphocytes). Using the models, we have found that viral antigenic mutation plays an important role in the slow progression in the chronic phase of HIV infection. We have also found that viral antigenic mutation can cause relapse of HIV infection when the inhibition rate of anti‐HIV drugs is low and that viral antigenic mutation cannot cause relapse when the inhibition rate is high.
Oral giant cell granulomas. A clinical and histological study of 129 new cases.

Ninety-seven peripheral and 32 central oral giant cell granulomas have been studied clinically and histologically. The distribution according to age (below and over 15 years of age) is similar in the two types of granulomas. It applies to both lesions that the prevalence usually is higher in females than in males. Both granulomas are most frequently found in the mandible. The central giant cell granuloma occur anterior to the molar region. The recurrence rate of the lesions in this material is high as compared with that observed in earlier studies. The radiographic features are non-specific. The histopathology of the peripheral and central giant cell granulomas is fundamentally identical, both being composed of 1) a highly vascular and cellular granulation tissue containing, 2) a great number of multi-nuclear giant cells of foreign body type scattered in the tissue, 3) extravasation by red blood cells and the presence of haemosiderin, 4) occasionally bone formation, and 5) several mitoses in the stromal cells. Comparative statistical analysis of the clinical findings and comparative histomorphological evaluation of the present material suggest that both types of lesions are manifestations of the same pathological condition.
Synergistic and Differential Modulation of Immune Responses by Hsp60 and Lipopolysaccharide*

Activation of professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) is a crucial step in the initiation of an efficient immune response. In this study we show that Hsp60 mediates immune stimulation by different mechanisms, dependent and independent of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We have demonstrated earlier that both, Hsp60 and LPS, increase antigen-specific interferon (IFN) γ release in T cells. Here we show that in contrast to LPS Hsp60 induces IFNα production in professional APC. Neutralization of IFNα as well as the absence of functional IFNαβ receptor on APC and T cells interfered with Hsp60-mediated IFNγ secretion in antigen-dependent T cell activation, strongly suggesting that IFNα represents one factor contributing to Hsp60-specific immune stimulation. On the other hand, we show that Hsp60 bound to the cell surface of APC colocalizes with the LPS co-receptor CD14 and LPS binding sites. Hsp60 specifically binds bacterial LPS and both molecules synergistically enhanced IL-12p40 production in APC and IFNγ release in antigen-dependent T cell activation. This effect was Hsp60-specific and dependent on LPS-binding by Hsp60. Furthermore, we show that Hsp60 exclusively binds to macrophages and DC but not to T or B lymphocytes and that both, T cell stimulation by Hsp60 as well as Hsp60/LPS complexes, strictly depends on the presence of professional APC and is not mediated by B cells. Taken together, our data support an extension of the concept of Hsp60 as an endogenous danger signal: besides its function as a classical danger signal indicating unplanned tissue destruction to the innate immune system, in the incident of bacterial infection extracellular Hsp60 may bind LPS and facilitate microbe recognition by lowering the threshold of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) detection and enhancing Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling.
Promoção da saúde no cenário religioso: possibilidades para o cuidado de enfermagem

Estudo qualitativo, do tipo documental, desenvolvido no primeiro semestre de 2008, objetivando descrever as praticas de promocao da saude desenvolvidas no cenario religioso catolico em municipio do interior do Ceara. As informacoes foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas audio-gravadas, junto ao sacerdote responsavel pela paroquia e a tres coordenadores de projetos vinculados a Igreja Catolica, selecionados a partir da identificacao dos projetos com o paroco. Os resultados apontam que a promocao e educacao em saude estao presentes nas atividades desenvolvidas por voluntarios no cenario religioso. A Igreja busca a mudanca de atitude e adocao de comportamento saudavel dos individuos, por meio de acoes individuais e coletivas. Urge necessidade da insercao de profissionais de saude para atuar neste cenario, fortalecendo-o como rede social de apoio, reduzindo gradativamente atividades assistenciais e intensificando aquelas voltadas a promocao da saude, com apoio da Enfermagem, com vistas a aprimorar o cuidado a saude neste cenario.
Pulmonary function and electromyographic study of respiratory muscles in myotonic dystrophy

Ten adult myotonic dystrophy patients underwent measurements of lung function, maximal dynamic and static ventilatory efforts, and respiratory muscle electromyography (EMG). EMG studies were performed during spontaneous breathing or when subjects breathed through high inspiratory or expiratory resistive loads. Present results show that (1) a moderate restriction of lung volumes with hypoxemia plus normocapnia is often observed; (2) patients sustain dynamic ventilatory efforts more easily than static work; and (3) abnormalities in respiratory muscle EMG exist with spontaneous expiratory and inspiratory intercostal activities during quiet breathing and changes in muscular response to resistive loads. Inspiratory loading evokes contraction of expiratory muscles, with a marked decrease in inspiratory activities. Expiratory resistive loads prolong the diaphragmatic contraction throughout the expiratory time, and in some patients, relaxation of the diaphragm does not occur during the loaded run. These EMG data suggest that the reciprocal inhibition among respiratory neurons is enhanced in myotonic dystrophy and that myotonia also occurs in the diaphragm when loads oppose its relaxation.
Testing Stochastic Cycles in Macroeconomic Time Series

A particular version of the tests of Robinson (1994) for testing stochastic cycles in macroeconomic time series is proposed in this article. The tests have a standard limit distribution and are easy to implement in raw time series. A Monte Carlo experiment is conducted, studying the size and the power of the tests against different alternatives, and the results are compared with those based on other tests. An empirical application using historical US annual data is also carried out at the end of the article.
Dissociation of regional activation in mild AD during visual encoding

Objective: The authors studied mild patients with AD with a visual learning paradigm to determine whether activations of medial temporal regions on fMRI differ in AD compared to nondemented individuals. Background: Changes in activation patterns of medial temporal lobe regions may serve as a biologic marker of altered brain function early in the course of AD. Methods: The authors studied eight healthy young subjects, eight late middle-age nondemented volunteers, and seven patients with mild AD. All subjects underwent fMRI scanning in which they viewed a set of geometric designs for 45 seconds. Changes in blood flow were analyzed by comparing the prestimulus fMRI signal with that present during the stimulus presentation. Results: Patients with AD, who had very poor recall of the geometric designs subsequently, showed increased blood flow (activation) during stimulus presentation only in a visual association area. Both the young and older nondemented subjects, all of whom had good recall of the designs, showed activations during stimulus presentation of the right entorhinal cortex, right supramarginal gyrus, right prefrontal regions, and left anterior-inferior temporal lobe. The younger and older nondemented subjects did not differ in fMRI activation patterns. Conclusions: Failure of activation in AD of either temporal lobe or prefrontal regions is consistent with established clinical-pathologic correlations in AD. fMRI may be useful in confirming a memory disorder diagnosis and also may be useful in detecting individuals with incipient dysfunction in learning as a result of disorders such as AD.
FARKLI BRANŞLARDAKİBEDEN EĞİTİMİVE SPOR YÜKSEK OKULU ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN REKREASYON FAALİYETLERİNE KATILIMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Bu arastirmanin amacibeden egitimi ve spor yuksek okulu ogrencilerinin genel ozelliklerini oraya koymaktir. Bransfarkliliklarinibelirterek sosyo-kulturel, ve ekonomik durumlaritespit edilerek rekreasyon (boszaman) etkinliklerine katilimlarinibelirlemektir. Denekler 1999-2000 yiliegitim ogretim yiliicerisinde 2. ve 3. sinifta okuyan beden egitimi ogrencilerine uygulanmistir.Calismaya 125 Selcuk universitesi beden egitimi ve spor yuksekokulu ve 125 Firat universitesi beden egitimi ve spor yuksekokulu ogrencisine uygulanmistir. Yasve sinif sinirliliklarigoz onunde tutularak bu sayi195 ’e dusurulmustur. Sonuc olarak; beden egitimi ve spor yuksekokulu ogrencileri istedikleri halde cesitli nedenlerden dolayirekreatif etkinliklere ve sportif faaliyetlere katilamadiklariortaya cikmistir Bunun en onemli nedeni ise universitelerin sosyal kulturel, sportif ve diger faaliyetleri duzenleme konusunda yetersiz kalmasidir.Universite ogrencilerinin ihtiyac duyduklaribu tur faaliyetlerin duzenlenmesi konusunda universitelere onemli gorev ve sorumluluklar dusmektedir.
Transport in MultiTerminal Normal-Superconductor Devices: Reciprocity Relations, Negative and Nonlocal Resistances, and Reentrance of the Proximity Effect.

We have investigated transport in a cross-shaped two-dimensional electron gas with superconducting electrodes coupled to two opposite arms. Multiterminal resistances, measured as a function of the superconducting phase difference and the magnetic flux, are analyzed in terms of an extended Landauer-Buttiker transport formalism. We show that extended reciprocity relations hold. Correlations between transport coefficients are obtained from, e.g., (negative) three-terminal and nonlocal resistances. Energy spectroscopy reveals a reentrant behavior of the transport coefficients around the Thouless energy.
Comparison of the effectiveness of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-containing and protease inhibitor-containing regimens using observational databases

ObjectivesTo compare the effectiveness of first protease inhibitor (PI)-containing and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-containing regimens. MethodsData were analysed from three large HIV patient databases: Apache HIV InsightTM (APACHE), Target Management Services (TMS) and Clinical Partners (CP). The effectiveness of therapy was the time taken for HIV-1 RNA to fall below detectable levels on first highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen (PI- or NNRTI-containing) and the subsequent time to failure (two consecutive detectable measurements). Comparisons were made using proportional hazards models, adjusting for differences in age, sex, previous reverse transcriptase inhibitor use, calendar year and baseline viral load and CD4 T-cell count. ResultsThe type of regimen was not associated with time to undetectable viral load in any of the three databases, all of which had high power to detect a difference. PI-containing regimens were significantly less likely to fail after reaching undetectable viral loads for APACHE and CP patients (relative hazard, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–2.1 and relative hazard, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–2.5 respectively). These results remained significant after allowing for an unmeasured confounder with moderate effect on risk. No significant association between time to failure and regimen was found for TMS patients, possibly due to low power (67% to detect a relative hazard of 1.5). No difference was found between regimens in the time taken for an increase of > 100 × 109cells/l in CD4 T-cell count. In the APACHE database, those on NNRTI-containing regimens were more likely to have a failing CD4 T-cell response. ConclusionsPI-containing regimens have a lower risk of treatment failure than NNRTI-containing regimens.
Ecological and Methodological Factors Affecting Detectability and Population Estimation in Elusive Species

ABSTRACT Although mark-recapture methods are among the most powerful tools for monitoring wildlife populations, the secretive nature of some species requires a comprehensive understanding of the factors that affect capture probability to maximize accuracy and precision of population parameter estimates (e.g., population size and survivorship). Here, we used aquatic snakes as a case study in applying rigorous mark-recapture methods to estimate population parameters for secretive species. Specifically, we used intensive field sampling and robust design mark-recapture analyses in Program MARK to test specific hypotheses about ecological and methodological factors influencing detectability of two species of secretive aquatic snakes, the banded watersnake (Nerodia fasciata), and the black swamp snake (Seminatrix pygaea). We constructed a candidate set of a priori mark-recapture models incorporating various combinations of time- and sex-varying capture and recapture probabilities, behavioral responses to traps (i.e., trap-happiness or trap-shyness), and temporary emigration, and we ranked models for each species using Akaike's Information Criterion. For both banded watersnakes and black swamp snakes we found strong support for time-varying capture and recapture probabilities and strong trap-happy responses, factors that can bias population estimation if not accommodated in the models. We also found evidence of sex-dependent temporary emigration in black swamp snakes. Our study is among the first comprehensive assessments of factors affecting detectability in snakes and provides a framework for studies aimed at monitoring populations of other secretive species.
ESTUDIO DEL BIOCLIMA HUMANO EN DIECISÉIS LOCALIDADES DEL ESTADO DE TABASCO MEDIANTE EL ÍNDICE DE CONFORT TEMPERATURA EFECTIVA

En este trabajo se presentan las evaluaciones bioclimaticas de dieciseis ciudades del estado de Tabasco en Mexico, donde se aplico el indice empirico de confort bioclimatico denominado temperatura efectiva. Las necesidades de acondicionamiento de aire se calcularon a partir de estimaciones del intervalo de confort y de datos bihorarios promedios mensuales de temperatura y humedad relativa. La ciudad de Villahermosa presento el maximo desconfort, mientras que las ciudades de Jalapa y Frontera presentaron el menor desconfort. De manera similar, Villahermosa fue la urbe con necesidad de enfriamiento mas alta y Frontera la de menor necesidad de enfriamiento.
Lipid peroxidation is enhanced in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and is associated with arterial and renal disease manifestations.

OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular disease with premature atherosclerosis is common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We previously identified elevated levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) together with elevated levels of autoantibodies related to OxLDL as risk factors for cardiovascular disease in female patients with SLE. Autoantibodies to OxLDL are common in SLE and cross-react with anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL). We therefore hypothesized that lipid peroxidation is enhanced in patients with SLE in general. METHODS One hundred forty-seven female patients with SLE and 60 age- and sex-matched controls were compared. A monoclonal antibody to oxidized phospholipids, EO6, was used to determine oxidation epitopes on LDL. Anti-OxLDL and autoantibodies to malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified LDL, cardiolipin, and oxidized aCL were determined by chemiluminescence technique. RESULTS As determined by binding of EO6, patients with SLE had a higher level of oxidized phospholipids on LDL (P = 0.005) compared with controls. The level of OxLDL (e.g., oxidized phospholipid/apolipoprotein B) was associated with arterial disease (P = 0.006) and renal manifestations (P = 0.04). As reported previously, levels of aCL, autoantibodies to OxLDL, and autoantibodies to MDA-modified LDL were enhanced and were closely correlated in SLE. Anticardiolipin antibodies from these SLE patients recognized mainly oxidized forms of cardiolipin, indicating that antigenic epitopes on cardiolipin are related to lipid peroxidation in patients with SLE. CONCLUSION In general, patients with SLE (particularly those with cardiovascular disease) had more oxidized epitopes on LDL compared with controls. Furthermore, aCL in these patients recognized epitopes generated during lipid peroxidation. Thus, "neo" self antigens on lipoproteins, generated during oxidation, are present in SLE and may be of importance for the development of premature cardiovascular disease and possibly also for other autoimmune phenomena observed in SLE.