Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamical Downscaling and Loss Modeling for the Reconstruction of Historical Weather Extremes and Their Impacts: A Severe Foehn Storm in 1925

AFFILIATIONS: Stucki, brönnimann, anD Welker—Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research and Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; martiuS—Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Institute of Geography, and Mobiliar Lab for Natural Risks, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; rickli—Institute of Geography, University of Bern, and Meteotest, Bern, Switzerland; Dierer—Meteotest, Bern, Switzerland; breSch—Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich, Switzerland; cOmPO anD SarDeShmukh—Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, and Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Peter Stucki, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research and Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, Bern, Switzerland E-mail: peter.stucki@giub.unibe. ch
Viability in spawn stocks of the white button mushroom , Agaricus bisporus , after freezing in liquid nitrogen without a cryoprotectant

Three strains of the White Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) were studied. First, spawn was prepared from wheat seeds covered with mycelia, and then placed within polycarbonate vials for freezing in liquid nitrogen. The effect of adding a cryoprotective solution before freezing was evaluated as a function of mycelial growth and percent viability. Two treatments were undertaken: 1) freezing with a glycerol-based cryoprotectant and 2) freezing without a cryoprotectant. Samples were maintained frozen for two weeks, after which time they were thawed and the seeds placed in Petri dishes containing a culture medium. A recovery rate of 96% was obtained for all combined samples in the experiment, whereas 95.8% of the samples frozen without a cryoprotectant were recovered. These results suggest that mycelia can survive frozen storage without cryoprotectants, provided that they are embedded within and protected by the wheat seeds in the spawn. In addition, no significant differences were observed in recovery rates and mycelial diameters between the cryoprotection and non-cryoprotection treatments when a new series of spawn was prepared from the originally-frozen mycelia.
Paleomagnetism and the tectonic evolution of the Ionian zone, northwestern Greece

The Ionian zone is a classic thin-skinned linear fold and thrust belt forming a part of the external Hellenides, in westernmost Greece. The region has been a focus of intensive paleomagnetic investigation since the early 1980s, and it is now generally believed to have undergone a multiphase clockwise vertical-axis rotation of 40°-60° since the Miocene, although the timings are disputed, and spatial variations within this trend have been largely ignored thus far. We present data from thirty new paleomagnetic sites and a reappraisal of previous results from the Ionian zone in an attempt to construct a unified model for the tectonic evolution of the Ionian zone. We find that the clockwise rotations may be due, at least partially, to rotation during thrust sheet emplacement, with evidence of a forelandward decrease in rotation. However, superimposed on this pattern of thin-skinned rotations we observe post-Pliocene rotations that affect multiple thrust sheets in a consistent manner. These are interpreted to result from regional tectonics associated with, for example, the Kefallonia fault zone at the western termination of the Hellenic arc and from deformation in the transition zone between Anatolian westward extrusion and southern Aegean extension. Overall, the result is a pattern of thin-skinned, westward-decreasing clockwise rotations distorted by superimposed thick-skinned rotations resulting from the complex interplay of plate motions in the eastern Mediterranean. Keywords[AQ1]: _________, _________, _________, _________ 137 *E-mail: l.tailor@ucl.ac. uk. Broadley, L. , Platzman, E. , Platt, J., Papanikolaou, M. , and Matthews, S. , Paleomagnetism and the tectonic evolution of the Ionian zone, northwestern Greece, in Dilek, Y. , and Pavlides, S. , eds., Postcollisional tectonics and magmatism in the Mediterranean region and Asia: Geological Society of America Special Paper 409, p. 137–155, doi: 10.1130/2006.2409(08). For permission to copy, contact editing@geosociety.org. ©2006 Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.
Epilithic diatoms of springs and spring-fed streams in Majorca Island (Spain) with the description of a new diatom species Cymbopleura margalefii sp. nov.

The Island of Majorca (Spain) is characterized by a Mediterranean climate and a karstic geology that favors the formation of numerous springs and spring-fed streams on the island's Northwester zone. Water and epilithic diatom samples were collected from two springs and four spring-fed streams, located at altitudes ranging from 0 to 756 m a.s. l. , in different seasons between 2005 and 2008. Water chemistry in these systems is characterized by high concentrations of dissolved calcium and pH values ranging from 6.6 to 8.4. A total of 111 diatom taxa belonging to 40 genera were found and the most abundant taxa were illustrated with LM and SEM. The diatom communities of the studied sites were dominated by species such as Achnanthidium minutissimum, A. pyrenaicum, Amphora pediculus, Cymbella vulgata, Diploneis separanda, Encyonopsis minuta, Gomphonema lateripunctatum and Navicula cryptotenella, reflecting the calcareous geological nature of Majorca Island. In the framework of the study 22 diatom taxa, which are new for Balearic Islands were recorded, such as Achnanthidium straubianum, Amphora indistincta, Cymbella lange-bertalotii, Encyonopsis subminuta, Karayevia kolbei, Navicula aff. margalithii, N. reichardtiana and N. subalpina. In addition, a new freshwater diatom species belonging to the genus Cymbopleura, C. margalefii was found in the Torrente of Deia. Cymbopleura margalefii is described as a new species based on LM and SEM observations, and compared with similar taxa. A checklist of the 309 diatom taxa recorded so far from the Balearic Islands is also presented.
SITE PREFERENCE OF Gd IN SYNTHETIC FLUORAPATITE BY SINGLE-CRYSTAL W-BAND EPR AND X-RAY REFINEMENT OF THE STRUCTURE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Fluorapatite containing 1.2(2) wt% Gd2O3 (sample AP30–1), synthesized from a CaF2-rich melt in a Pt crucible, has been investigated by single-crystal W-band (~94 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and X-ray structure refinement. The EPR spectrum of AP30–1 measured at ~287 K, with Zeeman field B // z’ and microwave field B // x’, gave a Gd site-occupancy ratio ( Ca2 Gd/ Ca1 Gd) of 1.4(4), indicating a weak preference between the two types of Ca sites. Similarly, X-ray refinement of the structure of AP30–1 suggests that Gd is essentially equally distributed between the two Ca sites: Ca2 Gd/ Ca1 Gd = 0.8(2), although the Gd content in this sample is close to the practical limit of detection of this method. This agreement between the W-band EPR and X-ray structural data confirms that EPR is capable of determining the distribution of paramagnetic trace elements between structurally nonequivalent positions in minerals. X-ray refinement of the structure of another sample of fluorapatite [AP40–0, containing 2.9(1) wt% Gd2O3] synthesized in a sealed Pt capsule, yielded a Ca2 Gd/ Ca1 Gd value of 3.1(6), indicating a marked preference for the Ca2 site, consistent with the site preference of Gd in hydrothermally grown Gd-rich fluorapatite. The marked preference of Gd for the Ca1 site observed in previous EPR studies of flux-grown fluorapatite samples [AP30–0, 0.8(1) ppm Gd and Ca2 Gd/ Ca1 Gd = 0.13; AP30–5, 57(4) ppm Gd and Ca2 Gd/ Ca1 Gd = 0.20] is now attributed to the presence of Ca 2+ vacancies at ppm concentrations in these crystals. These point defects are unlikely to reach appreciable (weight %) concentrations in fluorapatite crystals synthesized from CaF2-rich melts, and hence the normal preference of Gd for the Ca2 site in AP30–1 and AP40–0.
Sex differences in 2 D : 4 D ratio , aggression and conflict resolution in African children and adolescents : a cross-cultural study

This study was conducted on children and adolescents from the three tribal cultures from Northern Tanzania: the Hadza, the Datoga and the Iraqw. The comparative data on aggression and conflict management skills were measured at Endomaga Boarding School, Lake Eyasi, Mangola in Northern Tanzania, in 2005-2006. The final sample included 219 children, ranging from 7 to 20 years of age. No sex differences were found in self-ratings or frequency of occurrence of physical, verbal and indirect aggression in Iraqw children and adolescents, or in self-ratings in Hadza. Hadza boys reported a higher occurrence of physical and indirect aggression during the previous week compared to girls. No differences between the sexes were found in constructive conflict resolution and third-party interventions practiced by Iraqw and Datoga children and self-ratings in Hadza. Hadza boys reported a higher frequency of constructive conflict resolution and third-party interventions compared to girls. Significant sexual dimorphism on the 2D:4D ratio was found for our African sample. A significant negative correlation between the right hand 2D:4D ratio and ratings on physical aggression was found for the girls. The girls with the lowest finger index estimated themselves as more verbally aggressive, compared to girls with a medium 2D:4D ratio.
Construindo uma universidade sustentável: uma discussão baseada no caso de uma universidade portuguesa

A partir do caso de uma universidade portuguesa, discutimos visões sobre o que deve ser uma Universidade Sustentável (US), bem como sobre as diferentes etapas necessárias à sua implementação. A discussão foi construída a partir da revisão da literatura sobre a sustentabilidade no ensino superior, análises de documentos da instituição, observação do campus e entrevistas com diferentes atores associados às questões relativas à sustentabilidade na universidade. A universidade estudada atua nas dimensões da sustentabilidade sugeridas na literatura, mas percebe-se que o processo de institucionalização de uma efetiva US encontra-se ainda em fase inicial. A partir do caso estudado são sugeridas ações estratégicas para as universidades que buscam a transição para US que incluem a adoção de uma perspectiva holística de US por meio da discussão e de documentos oficiais, a prática da gestão democrática e participativa, e a criação de canais formais de diálogo com a sociedade.
Athens Institute for Education and Research ATINER ATINER ' s Conference Paper Series PSY 2016-2046

The Norwegian Military Academy ́s main role is to educate future military leaders for the Norwegian Army. After graduating from the Norwegian Military Academy, these leaders will most likely have to deal with a great deal of responsibility and to cope with challenging and difficult situations. Leadership in these situations will demand a high degree of both intellect and character. Systematic research on the specific character strengths that are crucial to possess for military officers to succeed as military leaders is lacking. The purpose of this study is to investigate the experienced military officer’s perception of which character strengths are seen as the most important for military officers in order to succeed as military leaders. A second aim was to investigate if there was any degree of consistency between the character strengths chosen in the present study and those chosen in previous studies. Method: A group of participants consisting of 21 military officers with an average of 10.3 years of active service in the Norwegian Armed Forces took part in the study. The officers were students of the Norwegian Military Academy when the present study was conducted. A list of 24 character strengths was given. The participants were then requested to judge each character’s strength separately based on their subjective perception of the character’s strengths importance for military officers. As a result 13 character strengths were selected as the most important for military officers and their leadership. These were in ranked order: leadership, teamwork, openmindedness, integrity, persistence, bravery, curiosity, love of learning, social intelligence, fairness, perspective, creativity and self-regulation. Conclusions: The results from the present study are consistent and thus corroborate well with findings from the four previous studies conducted at the Norwegian Military Academy. In these four previous studies, 12 of the same 12 character strengths were also chosen as the most important ones for military officers. There thus seems to be a very strong consensus among military officers regarding which character strengths that are seen as important for military officers.
Planar Cable Direct Driven Robot: Hardware Implementation

The planar cable-direct-driven-robot was designed, constructed, simulated and controlled in this thesis. A new design of cross cable configuration was implemented. The kinematics, statics and dynamics modeling of the proposed design were derived. The static workspace was determined for the new design. Only the translational CDDR whose end-effector may be fitted with a traditional serial wrist mechanism to provide rotational freedom was considered in this thesis. The robot was simulated using Simulink and Matlab software. The hardware of the cable-direct-driven-robot was designed and constructed. The hardware was interfaced with the computer. Wincon software and Quanser control boards were used for real time implementation. The inverse kinematics of the robot was implemented for generating linear and circular trajectory in real time control. The independent cable length PD controller was implemented for the Cartesian coordinated control. The repeatability of the CDDR was evaluated. Approved: ________________________________________________________ Robert Williams II Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Non-Linear Modeling of the Submicron SOI

Starting from an empirical non-linear model developed for deep sub-micron channel MOSFETs, we present a new model for floating body SOI MOSFETs. It introduces a new non-linear current model for the kink effect, which takes into account of the related frequency dispersion. The model reproduces very well the AC experimental properties related to the kink effect in floating body devices. As an application, it is used in the framework of large signal simulations to study the impact of the kink effect on the third order intermodulation point. Index Terms — Non linear RF modeling, MOS SOI transistors, low frequency effects, kink effect, intermodulation.
Salivary Immunoglobulin A in Relation to the Viable Count of Mutans Streptococci in Children with Early Childhood Caries

Introduction: Early childhood caries develops in children due to the unsuitable nocturnal feeding habit, with the presence of mutans streptococci as the caries initiating factor, competing with immunological constituent in saliva, the presence of salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) as an antimicrobial peptide could have a defensive role to decrease the amount of the viable count of mutans streptococci. Aims of study: this research was done to find the relations between the variables: viable count of mutans streptococci, SIgA level, dental caries index. Material and Methods: categorizing the seventy-five children (4-5) years into 3 groups (twenty-five each) mild, moderate and severe. dmfs, dmft measured according to WHO (1987), salivary Immunoglobulin A level measured by ELISA kit, viable count of mutans streptococci measured after culturing it in (Mitis Salivaris Bacitracine) agar and simple identification method. Result: the statistical analysis revealed that there was significant correlation in the viable count of MS, dmfs and dmft between (mild and moderate) and between (mild and severe). The Salivary Immunoglobulin A (mean value) showed an increase from the mild to severe as the (dmft, dmfs) increase, in which a significant correlation had been found between (mild and severe) in boys and in the total groups, a significant correlation between the viable count of MS and SIgA in the total groups. Conclusion: as the carious (tooth, surface) number increased the viable count of mutans streptococci increased indicating its role in the ECC, SIgA increased as the MS count increased indicating the induction of the immune system to produce salivary immunoglobuline A. that it has no role on the mutans streptococci.
Myosin Light Chain-1 is Associated with Beef Carcass Tenderness Undergraduate

Flavor and tenderness are the most desirable qualities that serve to distinguish beef products. Furthermore, inconsistent tenderness has a significantly negative economic impact on the beef industry. In a follow-up study to Sawdy, Kaiser, St-Pierre & Wick (2004), bovine myosin light chain 1 (bMLC1) concentration, in samples derived from ribeye steaks at 36 h postmortem, was determined to be positively associated with Warner-Bratzler shear values in matched ribeye steaks aged 7 days. Additionally, the band intensity of bMLC1 was correlated with two distinct myosin heavy chain (MyHC) fragments that previously were determined to be positively associated with tenderness. The results of this investigation establish the foundation for a method to identify gene products with positive and negative associations with tenderness. This methodology will be useful in the design of breeding programs for the improvement of beef palatability. In addition, the findings of this study give rise to a potential mechanism that is responsible for regulating beef carcass tenderness.
The use of a wave boundary layer model in SWAN

A Wave Boundary Layer Model (WBLM) is implemented in the third-generation ocean wave model SWAN to improve the wind-input source function under idealized, fetch-limited condition. Accordingly, the white capping dissipation parameters are re-calibrated to fit the new wind-input source function to parametric growth curves. The performance of the new pair of wind-input and dissipation source functions is validated by numerical simulations of fetch-limited evolution of wind-driven waves. As a result, fetch-limited growth curves of significant wave height and peak frequency show close agreement with benchmark studies at all wind speeds (5 ∼ 60 ms−1) and fetches (1 ∼ 3000 km). The WBLM wind-input source function explicitly calculates the drag coefficient based on the momentum and kinetic energy conservation. The modeled drag coefficient using WBLM wind-input source function is in rather good agreement with field measurements. Thus, the new pair of wind-input and dissipation source functions not only improve the wave simulation but also have the potential of improving air-sea coupling systems by providing reliable momentum flux estimation at the air-sea interface. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Predator density-dependent prey dispersal in a patchy environment with a refuge for the prey

In this article, we examine a two-patch predator-prey model which incorporates a refuge for the prey. We suppose that prey migration is dependent on predator density, according to a general function. We consider two different time scales in the dynamics of the model, a fast one describing patch to patch migration, and a slow one involving local prey and predator interaction. We take advantage of the time scales to reduce the dimension of the model by use of methods of aggregation of variables, and thereby examine the effect of predator density-dependent migration of prey on the stability of the predator-prey system. We establish a simple criterion of viability, namely, the existence of a positive and globally stable equilibrium, and show that density dependence has beneficial effects on both species by providing larger equilibrium densities.
Relative sensitivity of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation to river discharge into Hudson Bay and the Arctic Ocean

[1] Increases in high-latitude river discharge over the 20th century and projected continued increases during the 21st century may have an impact on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), which could feed back to regional and global climate. Although the general trend in high-latitude river discharge is positive, there is important geographical spread in the trends. While Eurasian rivers draining into the Arctic Ocean show positive trends over the 20th century, rivers draining into Hudson Bay show negative trends since 1964. Here the sensitivity of AMOC to changes in river discharge into Hudson Bay and the Arctic Ocean is studied with an intermediate-complexity Earth system model. It is found that ocean freshening originating from Arctic rivers is more effective in slowing down the AMOC than freshening originating from Hudson Bay rivers, given the same magnitude of freshening in both regions. The lesser impact of Hudson Bay river discharge on AMOC is the result of a buildup of freshwater anomalies in the Labrador Sea affecting the northward flow of the Gulf Stream. This work highlights that not only the freshening magnitude but the region where this freshening takes place is crucial for the AMOC response to altered river discharge climatology.
A retrospective study of clinical , histopathological and direct immunofluorescence spectrum of immunobullous Disorders

Background: Immunobullous disorders are a group of disorders characterized by autoantibodies directed against various skin autoantigens resulting in blister formation. These disorders maybe further classified as intraepidermal and subepidermal depending on the level of bulla. In cases where clinical and histopathological diagnosis could be very challenging, direct immunofluorescence will help at arriving with an accurate diagnosis. Immunofluorescence techniques help in better understanding and classification of the various immunobullous disorders. Objectives: 1. The study aims to correlate Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) with clinical and histopathological findings 2. To analyze the utility of immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of these disorders Materials and methods: The present study included various immunobullous disorders diagnosed by histopathology and immunofluorescence over a period of 2 years from July 2012 to July 2014. Conclusion: Immunofluorescence helps in the confirmation of diagnosis of immunobullous diseases whenever there is a clinical and histopathological overlap. Individually, none of these methods were conclusive of the immunobullous disorder.
Regional Development and Creativity

The aim of this article is to assess the role played by creativity and other components of human capital on the process of economic growth for 257 regions in the twenty-seven-member countries of the European Union. We first decompose the regional human capital endowment to distinguish between the educational component (the share of individuals with a university degree) and the creativity component, which considers the actual occupations of individuals in specific jobs like science, engineering, education, arts, and entertainment. We define three nonoverlapping categories of human capital (creative graduates, bohemians, and noncreative graduates), which are simultaneously included in a spatial model as determinants of regional growth measured by labor productivity. After extending the analysis to control for other relevant factors which may affect regional development, such as physical, technological, and social capital, cultural diversity, industrial and geographical characteristics, we provide robust evidence on the growth-enhancing effects of graduates, in particular for those of the creative category.