Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A note on divergent selection for total fleece weight in adult Angora rabbits: direct response to selection on total fleece weight at first and second harvest.

In order to explore the genetic variability of wool production and other quantitative traits, an 8-cohort divergent selection experiment for total fleece weight (TFW) was carried out in French Angora rabbits. Studies were made on the wool production of a total of 669 female rabbits born between 1994 and 2001 and having produced wool from first to 12th harvests. The aim of the selection experiment was to obtain two divergent lines (low and high) on TFW. From preliminary analysis, the dataset was separated into three subsets according to the harvest number: one for each of the first two harvests and one for the third to the 12th harvests. In this paper, wool production data of the first and second harvests was analysed separately. Response to selection for total fleece weight at 3-12 harvest (TFW3-12) on this trait at first and second harvest was the aim of this paper. The second objective was to study the possibility of utilising values of the first or second harvest to estimate breeding values and as selection criteria for total fleece weight in the French Angora rabbit. Preliminary analysis of the data for non-genetic factors was done by the GLM procedure of SAS. Genetic parameters and breeding value estimates were carried out using a BLUP animal model using ASReml. A linear mixed model for a bivariate analysis of total fleece weight at first or second harvest and TFW3-12 was used. Heritability estimates of total fleece weight at first and second harvests were 0.36 and 0.38, respectively, and were similar to that observed at later harvests (0.35). The genetic correlation between TFW3-12 and fleece weight at first harvest was close to zero indicating that wool production at first harvest is a different trait from that of subsequent harvests. Genetic correlation estimates observed at second harvest were high (0.76) and response to selection at second harvest was similar to that observed for TFW3-12. These observations confirm that total fleece weight at first harvest is a different trait from TFW3-12. In French Angora rabbits, the high genetic correlation between TFW3-12 and total fleece weight at second harvest suggests the possibility of selection at this time for TFW3-12.
Is regulatory focus related to minimal and maximal standards? Depends on how you ask!

Regulatory focus theory suggests that hopes and aspirations (promotion focus) function like maximal goals, whereas duties and responsibilities (prevention focus) function like minimal goals (Brendl & Higgins, 1996). However, past research has not always reliably found such a link between regulatory focus and maximal/minimal goals or standards. In the present research, we hypothesised that this inconsistency can be explained, at least in part, by conceptual differences resulting in the use of different, specific wording. In four studies, we compared wording in terms of the relative magnitude of the goals to wording in terms of their absolute versus gradual perception. Results showed that regulatory focus (manipulated or measured) consistently relates to maximal versus minimal standards framed as goals of different magnitudes, but not to the goals framed according to an absolute/gradual perception. Implication of the results for regulatory focus research is discussed.
Randomized Stopping Times and Early Exercise for American Derivatives in Dry Markets

This paper studies the impact of dry markets for underlying assets on the optimal stopping time and optimal exercise policy of American derivatives. We consider that the underlying is transacted at all points in time except for a subset of dates, for which there is an exogenous probability that trading may exist. Using superreplicating strategies, we derive expectation representations for the range of arbitrage-free values of the derivatives. For arbitrary probability, an enlarged filtration jointly induced by the price process and the market existence process makes ordinary stopping times sufficient to characterize such representation. For the deterministic case where the probability is zero, randomized stopping times are required. Several comparisons of the ranges obtained with the two market restrictions are performed. Finally, we conclude that market incompleteness caused by dryness may delay the optimal exercise of American derivatives.
Long time asymptotics for forced curvature flow with applications to the motion of a superconducting vortex

We consider the large time asymptotics for the evolution of a planar curve subject to mean curvature flow and constant forcing. Depending on the sign of the forcing we prove convergence for large times to either a travelling wave or a self-similar profile. The context of our work is the study of the motion of a superconducting vortex.
Paleointensity‐assisted chronostratigraphy of detrital layers on the Eirik Drift (North Atlantic) since marine isotope stage 11

Four piston cores collected in 1999 and 2002 from the Eirik Drift (southern Labrador Sea, off SE Greenland) provide paleomagnetic, environmental magnetic, and oxygen isotope records back to marine isotope stage 11. Age models for the cores are based on a combination of planktonic oxygen isotope data, relative geomagnetic paleointensity proxies, and the identification of geomagnetic excursions (Laschamp and Iceland Basin). Environmental magnetic data delineate two distinct detrital signals, interpreted to reflect the behavior of the surrounding ice sheets (Greenland and Laurentide) to orbital‐ and millennial‐scale climate forcing. Broad decimeter‐scale intervals of increased magnetic concentration and grain size occur during the early part of interglacial marine isotopic stages (MIS) 1, 5, 7, 9, and 11. Discrete centimeter‐scale layers, recognized by magnetic concentration and grain‐size sensitive parameters, gamma ray attenuation (GRA) bulk density, and carbonate content, are observed in glacial and interglacial stages as well as during terminations. On the basis of glacial reconstructions on Greenland during the last termination, the broad decimeter‐scale coarser‐grained intervals can be attributed to detrital influx associated with the retreat of the terrestrial‐based Greenland Ice Sheet in the early Holocene. A similar magnetic signal observed within interglacial MIS 5, 7, 9, and 11 indicates similar Greenland Ice Sheet behavior during these time intervals. Two types of centimeter‐scale detrital layers are also recognized back to MIS 11. Detrital carbonate (DC) layers reflect predominately ice‐rafted debris (IRD) deposition, while the low detrital carbonate (LDC) layers reflect mass movement as evidenced by sharp basal contacts, graded bedding, and traction structures, likely from the Greenland slope. Some detrital layers on Eirik Drift, particularly the DC layers, can be tentatively correlated to detrital layers observed in the central North Atlantic and to those documented on the southern side of the Labrador Sea at Orphan Knoll.
Two and three-dimensional morphometric analysis of trabecular bone using X-ray microtomography (µCT)

INTRODUCTION: Trabecular bones have a porous microstructure and can be modeled as linear elastic solids, heterogeneous and anisotropic. In the literature, few investigations have compared the two- dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) morphometric analyses of cancellous bone. METHODS: In this investigation eighteen cylindrical samples of cancellous bone (10 mm of diameter and 20 mm of height) were obtained from six bovine head femurs, with similar values for the weight and age, of the same race and gender. The samples were harvested and freezed at - 20 °C before carrying out the microCT analysis. The CT-Analyzer software was used to measure in three directions (superior-inferior, lateral-medial and anterior-posterior) parameters such as trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, trabecular number and the eigenvalues of the fabric tensor (M). RESULTS: The Comparison of 2D and 3D analyses for the parameters: 2D (plate model) trabecular thickness, trabecular separation and trabecular number were statistically different (p = 0) showing that measurements are not similar to the 3D ones. However, 2D (rod model) trabecular thickness and 3D trabecular thickness measurements presented no significant difference (p = 0.26). The eigenvalues show that the bovine trabecular microstructure has a tendency to transverserly isotropic symmetry. DISCUSSION: The method proved to be quite interesting for the characterization of the bone structure through 3D measurements of trabecular bone morphometric parameters in the three possible directions of loading. The results show that x-ray microtomography (∝CT) is a technique of great potential for characterization and generating bone quality parameters for the diagnosis of bone metabolism diseases.
SOLAR MODELS WITH ACCRETION. I. APPLICATION TO THE SOLAR ABUNDANCE PROBLEM

We generate new standard solar models using newly analyzed nuclear fusion cross sections and present results for helioseismic quantities and solar neutrino fluxes. The status of the solar abundance problem is discussed. We investigate whether nonstandard solar models with accretion from the protoplanetary disk might alleviate this problem. We examine a broad range of models, analyzing metal-enriched and metal-depleted accretion and three scenarios for the timing of accretion. Only partial solutions are found. For metal-rich accreted material (Zac ≳ 0.018) there exist combinations of accreted mass and metallicity that bring the depth of the convective zone into agreement with the helioseismic value. For the surface helium abundance, the helioseismic value is reproduced if metal-poor or metal-free accretion is assumed (Zac ≲ 0.09). In both cases a few percent of the solar mass must be accreted. Precise values depend on when accretion takes place. We do not find a simultaneous solution to both problems but speculate that changing the hydrogen-to-helium mass ratio in the accreted material may lead to more satisfactory solutions. We also show that, with current data, solar neutrinos are already a very competitive source of information about the solar core and can help constraining possible accretion histories. Even without helioseismic constraints, solar neutrinos rule out the possibility that more than 0.02 M☉ from the protoplanetary disk were accreted after the Sun settled on the main sequence. Finally, we discuss how measurements of neutrinos from the CN cycle could shed light on the interaction between the early Sun and its protoplanetary disk.
Home Bias at the Fund Level

This paper presents new stylized facts on the distribution of the home bias at the fund level. We find (i) a large heterogeneity in the degree of home bias across mutual funds; (ii) a positive correlation between the size of funds and home bias; and (iii) a positive correlation between the size of funds, the number of foreign countries and the number of sectors in which they invest. These facts constitute a challenge for existing theories.
THE EXPRESSIVE FUNCTIONING OF TEMPO AND DYNAMICS IN THREE PERFORMANCES OF A SKRIABIN ETUDE

The way a performer phrases music is important for the way the music is perceived by listeners. Phrasing influences the structural interpretation of the music by listeners as well as his or her emotional engagement with the music; at least, those are the hypotheses that this study likes to confirm. An experiment was run in which twelve listeners heard three performances of an Etude of Skriabin. They pressed a button to indicate the phrase-boundaries of the music and moved a slider to indicate their emotional engagement with it. Two main expressive parameters for a pianist were measured, tempo and key-velocity, and related to the responses of the listeners. It was found that tempo correlated with the indication of phrase boundaries, while key-velocity was especially related to the listeners’ emotional engagement. Further examination showed that both aspects can actually be related to phrasing, though tempo to local phrasing and dynamics to global phrasing. The pianist used dynamics to express the music’s overall form and to modulate the tension of the music throughout the entire piece. The listeners responded emotionally to this.
Temperature-Responsive Hydrogel-Coated Gold Nanoshells

Gold nanoshells (~160 nm in diameter) were encapsulated within a shell of temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (P(NIPAM-co-AA)) using a surface-bound rationally-designed free radical initiator in water for the development of a photothermally-induced drug-delivery system. The morphologies of the resultant hydrogel-coated nanoshells were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the temperature-responsive behavior of the nanoparticles was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The diameter of the P(NIPAM-co-AA) encapsulated nanoshells decreased as the solution temperature was increased, indicating a collapse of the hydrogel layer with increasing temperatures. In addition, the optical properties of the composite nanoshells were studied by UV-visible spectroscopy. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of the hydrogel-coated nanoshells appeared at ~800 nm, which lies within the tissue-transparent range that is important for biomedical applications. Furthermore, the periphery of the particles was conjugated with the model protein avidin to modify the hydrogel-coated nanoshells with a fluorescent-tagged biotin, biotin-4-fluorescein (biotin-4-FITC), for colorimetric imaging/monitoring.
Auditory Deprivation in Children with Otitis Media with Effusion and its Effect on Temporal Resolution Privation auditive chez les enfants ayant une otite moyenne avec effusion et son incidence sur la resolution

The effect of diminished auditory sensitivity due to otitis media with effusion on a child's developing auditory system is an important issue for researchers as it may affect a child's linguistic, psychological, and behavioural development. There is a need for an assessment paradigm that may indicate more subtle, delicate central processing deficits in children with a history of otitis media. Word recognition in interrupted and continuous noise has been successfully used to test temporal processing in individuals with presbycusis, multiple sclerosis, and normal hearing. This paradigm has shown both cochlear and retro-cochlear temporal processing disorders. Scores of two groups of six -and seven -year-old children were compared in an interrupted and continuous noise task at four signal-to-noise ratios ( -1 0, 0, + 10, +20). One group had a history of chronic otitis media with effusion while the control group had minimal exposure tothe disorder. It was found thatthere was no significant difference between the groups on the interrupted and continuous noise task. There was a significant difference between the two types of competition and the signal-to-noise ratios, which is also seen in normal listeners. The results of this research do not indicate any long-term temporal processing disorder in children with a history of otitis media. Abrege Les effets de la privation auditive due al' otite moyenne avec effusion sur le developpement du systeme auditif de I' enfant est une question importante pour les chercheurs carelle peutaffecter le developpement linguistique, psychologique et comportementale de I' enfant. 11 existe un besoin pourun modele d' evaluation pouvant deceler des diminutions plus subtiles ou fines sur le plan dutraitementcentralchezles enfants ayant des antecedents d'ot itemoyenne. Onaemployeavec succesla reconnaissance des mots en presence de bruit interrompu etcontinu afin d' evaluer le traitement tempore! chez des individus ayant une presbyacousie, la sclerose en plaques et une audition normale. Ce modele a revele des troubles de traitement temporel tant cochleaires que retrocochleaires. Les scores de deuxgroupes d' enfants de six etsept ansont etecompares al' aide d'unetikheen presence de bruit interrompuet continu pourquatre rapports signal-bruit (-10, 0, + 10, + 20 ). Un groupe avait des antecedents d' otite moyenne chronique aveceffusion, tandis quel'autregroupen'yavaitetequetrespeuexpose. Ilaeteetabliqu'iln'existaitaucunedifference significative entre les deuxgroupes pource qui est de la tache en presence de bruit interrompu etcontinu. On a cependantreleveune difference significative entre les deux types de competition etles rapports signal-bruit, situation egalement relevee chez les auditeurs normaux. Les resuItats de cette recherchen'indiquentaucun trouble detraitement tempo rel alongterme chez les enfants ayant des antecedents d' otite moyenne.
University of Southern Denmark Understanding Contemporary Challenges to INGO Legitimacy Integrating Top-down and Bottom-up Perspectives

In recent years, INGO legitimacy has been subject to growing scrutiny from analysts and practitioners alike. Critics have highlighted a backlash against INGOs in the Global South, a growing mismatch between INGO capacities and contemporary global challenges, and diminishing support for norms such as democracy and human rights that underpin INGOs’ work. Although these problems have attracted significant attention within the academic literature, this article argues that existing explorations of INGO legitimacy have broadly conformed either to a top-down approach focused on global norms and institutions or a bottom-up approach focused on the local dynamics surrounding states and populations in the Global South. We suggest that this divide is unhelpful for understanding the current predicament and propose a new approach, which pays closer attention to the interaction between bottom-up and top-down dimensions, and to historical context. This new approach can provide important insights into current debates about the future roles and internal structures of INGOs. Résumé La légitimité des ONGI est de plus en plus remise en question par les analystes et praticiens. Les critiques ont fait la lumière sur les réactions hostiles que soulèvent les ONGI dans les pays du Sud, l’écart grandissant entre les capacités des ONGI et les défis mondiaux de l’heure et le respect de moins en moins grand des normes sous-jacentes au travail des ONGI, dont la démocratie et les droits de l’homme. Même si ces problèmes ont été largement traités dans la documentation spécialisée, cet article avance que les recherches existantes sur la légitimité des & Oliver Edward Walton o.e. walton@bath.ac. uk 1 Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK 2 City University, London, UK 3 Center for War Studies, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark 123 Voluntas DOI 10.1007/s11266-016-9768-2
Interpolation with uncoupled separable matrix-valued kernels.

In this paper we consider the problem of approximating vector-valued functions over a domain $\Omega$. For this purpose, we use matrix-valued reproducing kernels, which can be related to Reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces of vectorial functions and which can be viewed as an extension to the scalar-valued case. These spaces seem promising, when modelling correlations between the target function components, as the components are not learned independently of one another. We focus on the interpolation with such matrix-valued kernels. We derive error bounds for the interpolation error in terms of a generalized power-function and we introduce a subclass of matrix-valued kernels whose power-functions can be traced back to the power-function of scalar-valued reproducing kernels. Finally, we apply these kind of kernels to some artificial data to illustrate the benefit of interpolation with matrix-valued kernels in comparison to a componentwise approach.
POSTURAL STABILITY IN PERSONS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE PERfORMANCE IN VERTICAL JUMPING

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of postural stability of persons affected by different symptoms of cerebral palsy, and, on the other hand, to determine its relationship with the level of the neuromuscular potential of the subjects, evaluated on the base of their performance in the two-legged countermovement jump. The obtained results confirmed, first, significant differences between the subjects affected by hemiplegia and those affected by tetraparesis concerning the quality of postural stability, and, second, that the higher capacity for neuromuscular activity of the lower extremities is correlated with more stable posture. In this way, muscle strength seems to be a limiting factor in standing posture.
Fatherhood Arrested: Parenting from Within the Juvenile Justice System

Crime and young fatherhood have generally been viewed as separate social problems. Increasingly, researchers are finding that these problems are closely related and highly concentrated in low-income communities. This volume is an in-depth study of these issues and the difficulties of parenting while in prison and on parole. By taking us inside the prison system, the author shows how its structure actively shapes an inmate's relationship with his children. For example, visitation is sometimes restricted to blood relatives and wives. Because relationships between unmarried men and the mothers of their children are often strained, some mothers are unwilling to allow their children to go to the prison with the inmate's family. Or the father may be allowed to receive visits from only one "girlfriend", which forces a man with multiple relationships, or with children by different women, to make impossible choices. Special attention is paid to the gendered nature of prison, its patriarchal and punitive structure, and its high-stress environment. The book then follows newly paroled men as they are released and return to their children.
On some hypotheses of diversity of animal life at great depths on the sea floor

Multiple hypotheses have emerged to explain the apparent paradox of high diversity of the deep-sea benthos when the environmental conditions are often predicted to inhibit rather than promote diversity. Many fundamental facets of these paradigms remain incompletely understood despite being central to understanding how deep-sea ecosystems, and more generally all ecosystems, function. Here, we examine nine major paradigms of deep-sea diversity that deserve, in our opinion, a fresh research impetus. We purposely challenge many of these ideas to generate dialogue and encourage further research. Some of the axiomatic predictions of these paradigms are: (i) the deep sea is highly diverse; (ii) stable environments reduce competition; (iii) species have finely partitioned niches; (iv) biological cropping promotes diversity; (v) disturbance controls diversity; (vi) patch mosaics structure assemblages; (vii) productivity controls diversity; (viii) recovery from disturbance is slow; and (ix) the deep sea is notoriously under-sampled. We critically examine the evidence for each of these predictions and highlight areas where knowledge gaps exist and linkages to general ecological theory should occur. We conclude each section with ideas about questions and hypotheses that may fruitfully be tackled in future projects.