Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outcomes and Processes at a Camp for Youth With HIV/AIDS

The impact of HIV/AIDS on the lives of youth with this chronic illness suggests the need for additional support as youth develop. Summer camp can serve as a therapeutic intervention for youth with HIV/AIDS. Using a case study employing observations, focus groups, and interviews, we examined outcomes associated with participation in a camp for youth with HIV/AIDS, and program processes that influenced outcomes. Findings showed that camp played a major developmental role for youth. Three outcomes of camp emerged: (a) forming caring connections (awareness of commonalities, lack of isolation); (b) feeling reprieve and recreation (fun activities, anticipation of and reflection on camp, sense of freedom); and (c) increasing knowledge, attitudes, and skills (conflict management, disclosure, skill learning and education, medication adherence). Processes included formal and informal education, staff–camper interactions, long-term relationships, outside-of-camp support, activities, planning for camper needs, accessibility, and freedom from worry. We discuss implications for youth programs.
High-resolution land surface fluxes from satellite and reanalysis data (HOLAPS v1.0): evaluation and uncertainty assessment

Abstract. Surface water and energy fluxes are essential components of the Earth system. Surface latent heat fluxes provide major energy input to the atmosphere. Despite the importance of these fluxes, state-of-the-art data sets of surface energy and water fluxes largely differ. The present paper introduces a new framework for the estimation of surface energy and water fluxes at the land surface, which allows for temporally and spatially high-resolved flux estimates at the quasi-global scale (50° S, 50° N) (High resOlution Land Atmosphere Parameters from Space – HOLAPS v1.0). The framework makes use of existing long-term satellite and reanalysis data records and ensures internally consistent estimates of the surface radiation and water fluxes. The manuscript introduces the technical details of the developed framework and provides results of a comprehensive sensitivity and evaluation study. Overall the root mean square difference (RMSD) was found to be 51.2 (30.7) W m−2 for hourly (daily) latent heat flux, and 84 (38) W m−2 for sensible heat flux when compared against 48 FLUXNET stations worldwide. The largest uncertainties of latent heat flux and net radiation were found to result from uncertainties in the solar radiation flux obtained from satellite data products.
Regulation of the Myxococcus xanthus C-Signal-Dependent Ω4400 Promoter by the Essential Developmental Protein FruA

ABSTRACT The bacterium Myxococcus xanthus employs extracellular signals to coordinate aggregation and sporulation during multicellular development. Extracellular, contact-dependent signaling that involves the CsgA protein (called C-signaling) activates FruA, a putative response regulator that governs a branched signaling pathway inside cells. One branch regulates cell movement, leading to aggregation. The other branch regulates gene expression, leading to sporulation. C-signaling is required for full expression of most genes induced after 6 h into development, including the gene identified by Tn5 lac insertion Ω4400. To determine if FruA is a direct regulator of Ω4400 transcription, a combination of in vivo and in vitro experiments was performed. Ω4400 expression was abolished in a fruA mutant. The DNA-binding domain of FruA bound specifically to DNA upstream of the promoter −35 region in vitro. Mutations between bp −86 and −77 greatly reduced binding. One of these mutations had been shown previously to reduce Ω4400 expression in vivo and make it independent of C-signaling. For the first time, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments were performed on M. xanthus. The ChIP experiments demonstrated that FruA is associated with the Ω4400 promoter region late in development, even in the absence of C-signaling. Based on these results, we propose that FruA directly activates Ω4400 transcription to a moderate level prior to C-signaling and, in response to C-signaling, binds near bp −80 and activates transcription to a higher level. Also, the highly localized effects of mutations between bp −86 and −77 on DNA binding in vitro, together with recently published footprints, allow us to predict a consensus binding site of GTCG/CGA/G for the FruA DNA-binding domain.
Effects of nitric oxide‐active drugs on the discharge of subthalamic neurons: microiontophoretic evidence in the rat

The presence of nitric oxide (NO) synthase and of soluble guanylyl cyclase, the main NO‐activated metabolic pathway, has been demonstrated in many cells of the subthalamic nucleus. In this study, the effects induced on the firing of 96 subthalamic neurons by microiontophoretically administering drugs modifying NO neurotransmission were explored in anaesthetized rats. Recorded neurons were classified into regularly and irregularly discharging on the basis of their firing pattern. Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME; a NO synthase inhibitor), 3‐morpholino‐sydnonimin‐hydrocloride (SIN‐1; a NO donor), S‐nitroso‐glutathione (SNOG; another NO donor) and 8‐Br‐cGMP (a cell‐permeable analogue of cGMP, the main second‐messenger of NO neurotransmission) were iontophoretically applied while performing single‐unit extracellular recordings. The activity of most neurons was influenced in a statistically significant way: in particular, both current‐related inhibitory L‐NAME‐induced effects (20/39 tested cells) and excitatory effects of SIN‐1 (25/41 tested neurons), SNOG (19/32 tested cells) and 8‐Br‐cGMP (13/19 tested neurons) were demonstrated. Neither statistically significant differences between the responses of regularly and irregularly discharging cells, nor specific topographical clustering of responding neurons, were demonstrated. Neurons administered drugs oppositely modulating the NO neurotransmission often displayed responses to only one treatment. We hypothesize that NO neurotransmission could exert a modulatory influence upon subthalamic neurons, with a prevalent excitatory effect. However, in the light of the presence of some responses of opposite sign to the same drug displayed by different subthalamic neurons, more complex effects of NO neurotransmission could be suggested, probably due to interactions with other classical neurotransmitter systems.
The varying effects of age of acquisition

There are a number of theories that suggest that age of acquisition (AoA) effects are not uniform across different tasks. Catling and Johnston (2006a) found greater AoA effects within an object-naming task than in a semantic classification task. They explained these findings by suggesting that AoA effects might accumulate according to how many levels of representation a task necessitates access to. Brysbaert and Ghyselinck (2006) explain the difference in AoA effects by proposing two distinct types of AoA (frequency dependent and frequency independent), the first accounted for by a connectionist-type mechanism and the latter situated at the interface between semantics and word production. Moreover, Moore, Smith-Spark, and Valentine (2004) and Holmes and Ellis (2006) have suggested that there are two loci of AoA effects: at the phonological level and somewhere within the perceptual level of representation. Again, this could account for the varying degrees of AoA effects. This study sets about testing these ideas by assessing the effect size of AoA across a series of different tasks that necessitate access to various levels of representation. Experiments 1–4 demonstrate significant effects of AoA in a novel picture–picture verification task, an object classification task, a picture verification task, and an object-naming task. Experiment 5 showed no effects of initial phoneme on the naming of the critical objects used within Experiments 1–4. The implication of the varying AoA effect sizes found within Experiments 1–4 in relation to explanations of AoA are discussed.
Laparoscopic versus open orchiopexy in the management of abdominal testis: A descriptive study

Aims: Treatment of patients with abdominal non‐palpable testis (NPT) is still controversial among pediatric urologists. This is a prospective randomized comparative study between open and laparoscopic orchiopexy for management of abdominal testis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate and morbidity of both approaches.
Detection of species-specific antibody response of humans and mice bitten by sand flies

Sand fly saliva plays an important role in Leishmania transmission. We characterized the host antibody response to saliva from 3 sand fly species. Specific IgG was observed in sera from experimentally bitten mice as well as in sera from individuals living in the endemic area of Leishmania tropica in Sanliurfa, Turkey. Sera of Sanliurfa inhabitants showed high IgG levels against saliva of Phlebotomus sergenti and P. papatasi, the 2 most abundant sand fly species in this area, but did not react with saliva of the New World sand fly, Lutzomyia longipalpis. Patients with active Le. tropica lesions possessed significantly higher anti-P. sergenti IgG levels than the healthy individuals from the same place while anti-P. papatasi IgG levels were equal in both groups. Major protein bands in P. papatasi and P. sergenti saliva reacted with both, human and mice sera; in P. papatasi, however, mouse IgG recognized preferentially the 42 kDa protein band while the human IgG reacted strongly with the 30 kDa band. Our data suggest that the antibody response to sand fly saliva could be used for monitoring the exposure of humans and other hosts to sand flies and might be used as a marker of risks for Leishmania transmission in endemic areas.
Mechanisms of Ca2+ overload in reperfused ischemic myocardium.

Both reperfusion (3, 26, 61, 73, 83, 89) and reoxygenation (14, 27, 28, 57, 58) after prolonged ischemia and hypoxia are associated with a large increase in CaH content in severely damaged myocardium, however CaH overload is not seen in the myocardium that is not irreversibly injured (36). Increased uptake of CaH correlates with the depressed recovery of mechanical function of the myocardium (3, 83). Therefore excessive Ca2+ accumulation has been implicated as a primary event in irreversible myocardial injury and cell necrosis (20). Increased influx of Ca2+ during reperfusion in excess of the handling capacity of systems for Ca2+ extrusion from the cytosol results in elevation of cytosolic-free [Ca2+]. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms responsible for increased Ca2+ entry upon reperfusion have not been defined. Perturbations of ion transport systems in the sarcolemmal membrane appear to be responsible for increased Ca2+ accumulation in oxygen deficient myocytes because Ca2+ overload occurred without apparent ultrastructural changes in the membrane (14). The mechanisms involved in maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis are complicated and interrelated with the regulatory systems of other cations. In addition, loss of membrane integrity and an increase in permeability can result from the action of endogenous enzymes (i.e. Ca2+­ dependent proteases or lipases) that are activated secondarily by an initial
Hunters in Transition: Mesolithic Societies of Temperate Eurasia and Their Transition to Farming. Marek Zvelebil, editor. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1986. vii+ 194 pp., index. $49.50 (cloth).

hand, the author's reinterpretation of Bell's data, although forced at points, is quite attractive. Given the likely mixture and movement of cultural material within the deposit, a "changing single complex" appears more likely than Bell's three distinct assemblages. Although the various reports (and their illustrations) that led to this monograph are not terribly well integrated, and few new ideas are presented, Mayer-Oakes's synthesis is very useful in bringing it all together. At times it reads like a history, or even a justification of history, but it is straightforward, basically unassuming, and refreshingly honest. Mayer-Oakes does not play tricks with his data. In the end he delivers considerably more than the title suggests. The volume is not only a study of El Inga, with special attention to Paleoindian technology, but also a careful review and assessment of most of the other early Ecuadorean lithic collections.
In vivo confocal neuroimaging (ICON): non‐invasive, functional imaging of the mammalian CNS with cellular resolution

With in vivo confocal neuroimaging (ICON), single retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can be visualized non‐invasively, repeatedly, in real‐time and under natural conditions. Here we report the use of ICON to visualize dynamic changes in RGC morphology, connectivity and functional activation using calcium markers, and to visualize nanoparticle transport across the blood–retina barrier by fluorescent dyes. To document the versatility of ICON, we studied the cellular response to optic nerve injury, and found evidence of reversible soma swelling, recovery of retrograde axonal transport and a difference in calcium activation dynamics between surviving and dying RGCs. This establishes ICON as a unique tool for studying CNS physiology and pathophysiology in real‐time on a cellular level. ICON has potential applications in different research fields, such as neuroprotection/regeneration, degeneration, pharmacology, toxicity and drug delivery.
Viabilidade econômica da produção de palma forrageira irrigada e adensada no semiárido Potiguar

O semiarido potiguar pode ser uma excelente alternativa para a implantacao de projetos de producao de palma irrigada e adensada por apresentar, em grande parte de seu territorio, clima desfavoravel a producao dessa cultura em sistema de sequeiro. A irrigacao e adensamento surge como uma alternativa viavel economicamente para investidores. Assim, teve-se como objetivo estudar a viabilidade economica da producao da palma forrageira irrigada e adensada no semiarido potiguar. A partir da analise dos dados, foi considerado o custo de producao de um hectare no municipio de Apodi, Rio Grande do Norte. No projeto foram analisados o investimento, custos de manutencao, rentabilidade e estimativa de crescimento ao longo de oito anos. Por meio de fluxo de caixa, considerando taxa minima de atratividade de 8%, foram obtidos o Valor Presente Liquido [VPL], taxa interna de retorno [TIR] e o payback, assim como o calculo do ponto de nivelamento. O projeto foi considerado economicamente viavel, com a constatacao de VPL igual a R$ 105.892,49 e TIR de 88%. O lucro liquido anual do projeto alcancou R$ 22.552,20, o que acumulado durante oito anos pode atingir R$ 158.319,80. Com base no payback o investidor teria retorno do investimento inicial em um ano e nove meses. A produtividade minima para que a atividade desse lucro foi de 70.103 kg ha -1 . ano -1 .
Sperm morphology in the Malagasy rodents (Muroidea: Nesomyinae)

The morphology of the spermatozoon of representative species of the subfamily Nesomyinae (Muroidea: Nesomyidae), a monophyletic group of rodents endemic to Madagascar, was examined by light and electron microscopy to determine the sperm head shape and tail length across the species. Marked interspecific differences were found to occur in both the form of the sperm head and length of the tail. The species that possess a sperm head with an apical hook, which largely contains acrosomal material, generally displayed longer sperm tails, and a species with a spatulate sperm head had the shortest tail. The association between sperm head shape and tail length mirrors that previously found in Eurasian and Australasian murine rodents. Thus, the repeated association between sperm head shape and tail length across these groups of muroid rodents clearly indicates a functional relationship between these two features. A comparison of sperm morphology of the nesomyines to that of related muroid rodents on the mainland of Africa suggests that the possession of an apical hook is the ancestral condition. J. Morphol. , 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors contributing to the acute and subchronic adverse respiratory effects of machining fluid aerosols in guinea pigs.

Several physical, chemical, and microbial factors are potential contributors to the adverse pulmonary effects associated with occupational exposure to machining fluid aerosols. The present study examined the relative toxicity of 3 major classes of machining fluids (soluble, semi-synthetic, and synthetic) as well as that of unused (fresh) versus used (grab samples taken from manufacturing sites) machining fluids. Pulmonary function and changes in cellular and biochemical indices in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were examined during and 24 h after exposure, respectively. Statistically significant differences in toxicity were observed in guinea pigs exposed for 3 h to respirable aerosols of unused machining fluids (semi-synthetic > soluble >> synthetic). In addition, greater toxicity was observed in animals exposed to used, machining fluid aerosols compared to unused fluids. Moreover, within the used machining fluid types, significantly greater adverse effects were observed in animals exposed to poorly maintained fluids (i.e., heavy microbial contamination) versus well-maintained fluids. Changes in biochemical and cellular parameters in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid occurred after a single exposure to 5 mg/m3 of the poorly maintained used machining fluid aerosols. Changes in inflammation but not LDH and protein were observed in animals repeatedly exposed to semi-synthetic machining fluid aerosols. A statistically significant increase in lavage fluid neutrophils was observed in guinea pigs exposed to 5 mg/m3 used, semi-synthetic machining fluid aerosols for 4 weeks. In separate experiments, physicochemical properties of unused machining fluids were found to contribute to the production of adverse effects. Adjustment of the alkaline and hypotonic nature of the unused semi-synthetic machining fluid to isotonicity and pH 7 significantly reduced adverse effects. Together, these findings strongly suggest that multiple factors contribute to the adverse respiratory effects associated with occupational exposure to machining fluid aerosols.
Extended corona product as an exactly tractable model for weighted heterogeneous networks

Various graph products and operations have been widely used to construct complex networks with common properties of real-life systems. However, current works mainly focus on designing models of binary networks, in spite of the fact that many real networks can be better mimicked by heterogeneous weighted networks. In this paper, we develop a corona product of two weighted graphs, based on which and an observed updating mechanism of edge weight in real networks, we propose a minimal generative model for inhomogeneous weighted networks. We derive analytically relevant properties of the weighted network model, including strength, weight and degree distributions, clustering coefficient, degree correlations and diameter. These properties are in good agreement with those observed in diverse real-world weighted networks. We then determine all the eigenvalues and their corresponding multiplicities of the transition probability matrix for random walks on the weighted networks. Finally, we apply the obtained spectra to derive explicit expressions for mean hitting time of random walks and weighted counting of spanning trees on the weighted networks. Our model is an exactly solvable one, allowing to analytically treat its structural and dynamical properties, which is thus a good test-bed and an ideal substrate network for studying different dynamical processes, in order to explore the impacts of heterogeneous weight distribution on these processes.
Performance, Carcass Variables, and Meat Quality of Broilers Supplemented with Dietary Mexican Oregano Oil

The current study was conducted to evaluate the dietary supplementation of Mexican oregano essential oil (MOO; Lippiaberlandieri Schauer) on broiler performance, carcass variables, meat quality, and sensory evaluation. One-day-old mixed-sex broilers were distributed in the following treatment groups, according to MOO supplementation levels: 0 = control diet; 200 = diet + 2200 mg of MOO/kg; 400 = diet + 4200 mg of MOO/kg; 600 = diet + 6200 mg of MOO/kg; 800 = diet + 8200 mg of MOO/kg; 1000 = diet + 1000 mg of MOO/kg. MOO affected (p<0.05) body weight, feed and water intake, and feed conversion ratio. The 200 and 400 mg/kg formulations gave better results at 7, 14 and 28 d than the other diets. MOO at 1000 mg/kg increased (p<0.05) slaughter weight and hot carcass yield, and decreased meat pH and cooking loss. The 200 and 400 treatments increased breast meat redness (a*), but reduced yellowness (b*). Meat hardness, cohesiveness and resilience were affected (p<0.05) by MOO, but not (p>0.05) the sensory parameters evaluated. Mexican oregano oil presents positive qualities as a plant-derived performance enhancer in broiler diets and improves of the meat quality of broilers at the levels of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg of diet.
An evaluation of female expatriate managers' efficacy

In recent years, business operations have become increasingly internationalized. This phenomenon has resulted in a greater number of managers being sent abroad. In fact, it is estimated that over 100,000 expatriates are relocated to work in the United States alone each year (Micco, 1998). From the company’s perspective, the importance of a manager’s successful performance overseas cannot be underestimated. Nowadays, corporate earnings generated abroad account for more than 40% of company revenues (Windham International, 1999). As global operations become strategically more important, so does the role of the managers in charge of these operations abroad. Now more than ever, there is a need to hire the most qualified and talented managerial staff to occupy international job posts. The growing internationalization of business operations has not been accompanied by an equally proportionate number of male and females occupying global positions. In fact, women continue to be grossly underrepresented in management positions abroad. In the late 1980’s, Jelinek and Adler (1988) estimated that women occupied less than 3% of international management positions. The situation seems to have improved at least moderately so in the past decade. Florkowski and Fogel’s (1995) study of 225 expatriates from a variety of countries revealed that 11% of the respondents were female. More recently, Tung’s (1997) study of 409 U.S. expatriates found that 13.9% of respondents Suplemento / Supplement
Evidence for rapid evolution of periodic variations in an ultracool dwarf

The results of three short photometric monitoring runs on the L0 dwarf 2MASS J06050196−2342270, during three consecutive nights, are presented. The observations show the persistent presence of a 2.4-h period, with an IC band amplitude which decreased from 27 to 11 mmag over the three nights. The amplitude in the RC band appeared to be substantially smaller than in the IC band.