Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternity Care Services Provided by Family Physicians in Rural Hospitals

Background: The purpose of this study was to describe how many rural family physicians (FPs) and other types of providers currently provide maternity care services, and the requirements to obtain privileges. Methods: Chief executive officers of rural hospitals were purposively sampled in 15 geographically diverse states with significant rural areas in 2013 to 2014. Questions were asked about the provision of maternity care services, the physicians who perform them, and qualifications required to obtain maternity care privileges. Analysis used descriptive statistics, with comparisons between the states, community rurality, and hospital size. Results: The overall response rate was 51.2% (437/854). Among all identified hospitals, 44.9% provided maternity care services, which varied considerably by state (range, 17–83%; P < .001). In hospitals providing maternity care, a mean of 271 babies were delivered per year, 27% by cesarean delivery. A mean of 7.0 FPs had privileges in these hospitals, of which 2.8 provided maternity care and 1.8 performed cesarean deliveries. The percentage of FPs who provide maternity care (mean, 48%; range, 10–69%; P < .001), the percentage of FPs who do cesarean deliveries (mean, 66%; range, 0–100%; P < .001), and the percentage of all physicians who provide maternity care who are FPs (mean, 63%; range, 10–88%; P < .001) varied widely by state. Most hospitals (83%) had no firm numbers of procedures required to obtain privileges. Conclusions: FPs continue to provide the majority of maternity care services in US rural hospitals, including cesarean deliveries. Some family medicine residencies should continue to train their residents to provide these services to keep replenishing this valuable workforce.
Factores de mortalidad que afectan larvas del polinizador de palma africana E. subvittatus en Colombia

La produccion de palma africana depende parcialmente de una adecuada polinizacion, la cual es realizada por insectos. En Colombia, se destaca el polinizador Elaeidobius subvittatus (Faust) (coleoptera: curculionidae), cuyas larvas se desarrollan en las flores de las espigas de las inflorescencias masculinas donde son afectadas por diferentes factores de mortalidad. Para determinar estos factores y medir su influencia se realizo este estudio en el CNIA 'Tibaitata' del ICA, utilizando espigas procedentes de seis plantaciones. La metodologia consistio en el analisis bajo microscopio de espigas cortadas 5 a 7 dias despues de terminada la antesis. Los resultados indican que en todo el pais las larvas son afectadas por patogenos de los generos Fusarium, Streptococcus y Bacillus.
Evaluación del crecimiento de alevines de tres especies de Tilapia(Oreochromis sp.) en aguas duras, en la región de la Cañada,Oaxaca, México

Se evaluo el crecimiento de alevines de tres especies de Tilapia: Tilapia azul ( Oreochromis aurea ), Tilapia plateada ( O. niloticus var. stirling ) y Tilapia roja ( O. mossambicus ), en condiciones de estres por altos niveles de CaCO3 en el agua. Los parametros que se midieron fueron: porcentaje de mortandad al momento de la siembra y durante el periodo de cultivo; peso y longitud de los peces a los 30, 60, 90 y 120 dias de cultivo. Se trabajo con alevines de 30 dias de eclosion, masculinizados con 17 a-metil-testorenona y con un peso inicial promedio de 0,5 g; fueron alimentados dos veces al dia a saciedad con alimento comercial. El estudio se realizo en la comunidad de San Antonio Nanahuatipam, region de la Canada del Estado de Oaxaca; se utilizo agua del rio Salado para llenar los estanques de cemento en donde fueron sembrados los alevines. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la especie Oreochromis mossambicus present o un 3,3% de mortandad durante el periodo de evaluacion, sin embargo obtuvo el mayor crecimiento con una longitud de 20,17 cm y un peso de 46,6 g, mostrando diferencias significativas (p<0,05) con respecto a Oreochromis aurea y O. niloticus var . stirling .
Comparison of feedback linearization and flatness control for anti-slip regulation (ASR) of an hybrid vehicle: From theory to experimental results

This paper compares 3 ASR1 control laws, a PI controller, a linearizing feedback and a flatness based control. First, the controllers are designed based on a two state equations vehicle model. Then, the controllers are experimentally validated on an hybrid vehicle (VELROUE) with rear electric wheels and front axle ICE2 traction. Finally, the nonlinear control laws are compared to the PI controller that is classically used in the automotive industry.
The Effect of Nitrogen Nutrition on the Cellular Localization of Glutamine Synthetase Isoforms in Barley Roots

Glutamine synthetase (GS) was detected by immunogold localization in the cytosol and plastids of roots of 7-d-old barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Klaxon) seedlings grown in the presence or absence of NO3- (15 mM) or NH4+ (30 mM). The number of GS polypeptides changed during root development, and this was affected by N nutrition. There was no evidence of a NO3--inducible root plastid GS.In apical 5- to 10-mm regions of the root the concentration of immunogold labeling of cytosolic GS was higher in the cortical parenchyma than in the vascular cells of the stele, irrespective of N nutrition. This labeling was at least 50% higher in both cell types in N-free compared with N-grown (either NO3- or NH4+) seedlings. In contrast, GS specific activity was highest in roots of NO3--grown seedlings. It is suggested that this indicates the presence of inactive GS in roots grown without N. This study has identified both cell- and development-specific responses of GS to N nutrition.
Correlation of serum neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin with disease severity in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Background: Vascular endothelial dysfunction is considered central to the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Serum level of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is closely related to endothelial injury. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation of serum NGAL with disease severity in HDP. Materials and Methods: This prospective case-control study was carried out for one year. After informed consent, ethical clearance, total 1,850 pregnant women were screened. Analysis was performed on 142 cases of HDP and 31 healthy controls. Quantitative measurement of serum NGAL levels was done by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, by using sandwich ELISA kit. Results: Mean serum NGAL value in patients with oliguria was significantly higher when compared with non-oliguric patients (P < 0.001). Serum NGAL had a positive correlation with systolic blood pressure (r ~ 0.5973), diastolic blood pressure (r ~ 0.6195), blood urea (r ~ 0.4392), serum creatinine (r ~ 0.6112), serum uric acid (r ~ 0.3878). Sensitivity and specificity of serum NGAL using a cut-off value of 545 pg/ml, for the diagnosis of HDP, was 97.89% and 93.55% respectively, using 95% confidence interval. Conclusion: Between the two groups, we found that serum NGAL had a positive correlation with disease severity and better sensitivity and specificity in the evaluation of HDP.
Effects of BDNF , T 3 , and corticosterone on expression of the hypothalamic obesity gene network in vivo and in vitro

Mardi S. Byerly, Jean Simon, Elisabeth Lebihan-Duval, Michel J. Duclos, Larry A. Cogburn, and Tom E. Porter Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program and Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; Station de Recherches Avicoles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches de Tours, Nouzilly, France; and Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
Deep Generative Filter for Motion Deblurring

Removing blur caused by camera shake in images has always been a challenging problem in computer vision literature due to its ill-posed nature. Motion blur caused due to the relative motion between the camera and the object in 3D space induces a spatially varying blurring effect over the entire image. In this paper, we propose a novel deep filter based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) architecture integrated with global skip connection and dense architecture in order to tackle this problem. Our model, while bypassing the process of blur kernel estimation, significantly reduces the test time which is necessary for practical applications. The experiments on the benchmark datasets prove the effectiveness of the proposed method which outperforms the state-of-the-art blind deblurring algorithms both quantitatively and qualitatively.
The effect of temperature on hatch and activity of second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne minor, an emerging pest in north-west Europe

{null=Meloidogyne minor is a serious threat to turfgrass in north-west Europe, and has a broad host range that includes other economically important plants. The species was described only recently and little is known about its biology. This study examines the effect of temperature on hatch and motility of second-stage juveniles (J2), and records hatching from egg masses collected from golf greens in different seasons. Eggs were present throughout the year and a high percentage hatch (46-88%) was recorded when they were incubated at 20°C. When egg masses were incubated at constant temperatures, J2 hatched between 15 and 25°C, with limited hatch ( Meloidogyne minor is a serious threat to turfgrass in north-west Europe, and has a broad host range that includes other economically important plants. The species was described only recently and little is known about its biology. This study examines the effect of temperature on hatch and motility of second-stage juveniles (J2), and records hatching from egg masses collected from golf greens in different seasons. Eggs were present throughout the year and a high percentage hatch (46-88%) was recorded when they were incubated at 20°C. When egg masses were incubated at constant temperatures, J2 hatched between 15 and 25°C, with limited hatch (<1%) at 10 and 30°C. The percentage hatch was lower at 15°C (43%) than at 20-25°C (63-76%). J2 hatched fastest at 23°C, with an average duration to hatching of 7 days compared to 17 days at 15°C. The range of temperatures at which J2 was active was broader than that at which they hatched. J2 were active from 4-30°C, with greatest activity between 15 and 25°C. The addition of grass root extract temporarily increased J2 activity at 10-20°C, but not at lower temperatures. }
Urinary cell mRNA profiles predictive of human kidney allograft status

Kidney allograft status is currently characterized using the invasive percutaneous needle core biopsy procedure. The procedure has become safer over the years, but challenges and complications still exist including sampling error, interobserver variability, bleeding, arteriovenous fistula, graft loss, and even death. Because the most common type of acute rejection is distinguished by inflammatory cells exiting the intravascular compartment and gaining access to the renal tubular space, we reasoned that a kidney allograft may function as an in vivo flow cytometer and sort cells involved in rejection into urine. To test this idea, we developed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for absolute quantification of mRNA and pre‐amplification protocols to overcome the low RNA yield from urine. Here, we review our single center urinary cell mRNA profiling studies that led to the multicenter Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation (CTOT‐04) study and the discovery and validation of a 3‐gene signature of 18S rRNA‐normalized measures of CD3ε mRNA and IP‐10 mRNA and 18S rRNA that is diagnostic and predictive of acute cellular rejection in the kidney allograft. We also review our development of a 4‐gene signature of mRNAs for vimentin, NKCC2, E‐cadherin, and 18S rRNA diagnostic of interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA).
Codeine for acute cough in children.

QUESTION Owing to Health Canada's recent recommendations to avoid the use of over-the-counter cough and cold medications in preschool children, I was looking at other antitussive medications for acute cough. Codeine was recommended in the past for this indication. What is the evidence for its use and how effective and safe is it? ANSWER Cough is one of the most common symptoms in children, and the opioid codeine has known antitussive qualities mediated by a central nervous system pathway. However, current evidence finds codeine to be no more effective than placebo for acute cough in children. Its safety profile and recent advances in understanding codeine's variable effectiveness prohibit recommending codeine for cough in children.
Antibody-Mediated Immobilization of Cryptococcus neoformans Promotes Biofilm Formation

ABSTRACT Most microbes, including the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, can grow as biofilms. Biofilms confer upon microbes a range of characteristics, including an ability to colonize materials such as shunts and catheters and increased resistance to antibiotics. Here, we provide evidence that coating surfaces with a monoclonal antibody to glucuronoxylomannan, the major component of the fungal capsular polysaccharide, immobilizes cryptococcal cells to a surface support and, subsequently, promotes biofilm formation. We used time-lapse microscopy to visualize the growth of cryptococcal biofilms, generating the first movies of fungal biofilm growth. We show that when fungal cells are immobilized using surface-attached specific antibody to the capsule, the initial stages of biofilm formation are significantly faster than those on surfaces with no antibody coating or surfaces coated with unspecific monoclonal antibody. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that biofilm growth was a dynamic process in which cells shuffled position during budding and was accompanied by emergence of planktonic variant cells that left the attached biofilm community. The planktonic variant cells exhibited mobility, presumably by Brownian motion. Our results indicate that microbial immobilization by antibody capture hastens biofilm formation and suggest that antibody coating of medical devices with immunoglobulins must exclude binding to common pathogenic microbes and the possibility that this effect could be exploited in industrial microbiology.
In vitro shear bond strength of orthodontic bondings without liquid resin

This study aimed at evaluating the early shear bond strength of enamel-composite-bracket adhesion accomplished without the use of liquid resin. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the buccal surfaces of healthy extracted premolars in the test group by Transbond XT (n = 8) and Phase II (n = 8) composites but not the enclosed liquid resins in these products. Brackets bonded with the same materials (n = 8 for each) along with their corresponding liquid resin served as controls. The specimens were tested for shear bond strength after 24-h storage in water at 37°C. The fractured surfaces were graded with Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) under a 2x-dissection microscope. Enamel of the randomly selected test and control specimens was dissolved by 20% formic acid. Afterwards, the enamel side of the bonding materials in both groups (n = 4) was examined under the scanning electron microscope. ANOVA was used for statistical analyses. Our laboratory data suggest that the enamel adhesion produced by these two commercial materials without the use of liquid resin does not differ significantly in their early in vitro shear bond strength. Keywords:Enamel adhesion; orthodontic bondings; shear bond strength
Management of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy and lactation.

INTRODUCTION Poorly treated or untreated maternal overt hyperthyroidism may affect pregnancy outcome. Fetal and neonatal hypo- or hyper-thyroidism and neonatal central hypothyroidism may complicate health issues during intrauterine and neonatal periods. AIM To review articles related to appropriate management of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy and lactation. METHODS A literature review was performed using MEDLINE with the terms 'hyperthyroidism and pregnancy', 'antithyroid drugs and pregnancy', 'radioiodine and pregnancy', 'hyperthyroidism and lactation', and 'antithyroid drugs and lactation', both separately and in conjunction with the terms 'fetus' and 'maternal. ' RESULTS Antithyroid drugs are the main therapy for maternal hyperthyroidism. Both methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) may be used during pregnancy; however, PTU is preferred in the first trimester and should be replaced by MMI after this trimester. Choanal and esophageal atresia of fetus in MMI-treated and maternal hepatotoxicity in PTU-treated pregnancies are of utmost concern. Maintaining free thyroxine concentration in the upper one-third of each trimester-specific reference interval denotes success of therapy. MMI is the mainstay of the treatment of post partum hyperthyroidism, in particular during lactation. CONCLUSION Management of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy and lactation requires special considerations and should be carefully implemented to avoid any adverse effects on the mother, fetus, and neonate.
Transient maternal hypothyroxinemia at onset of corticogenesis alters tangential migration of medial ganglionic eminence‐derived neurons

Correct positioning of cortical neurons during development depends on the radial migration of the projection neurons and on the coordinated tangential and radial migrations of the subcortically generated interneurons. As previously shown, a transient and moderate maternal deficiency in thyroxin during early corticogenesis alters the radial migration of projection neurons. To determine if a similar effect might also affect tangential migration of medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)‐derived neurons at the origin of cortical interneurons, explants of MGE from green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐transgenic embryos were implanted into flat cortical mounts from wild‐type embryos. The distances covered and the preferential migration (medially) of GFP‐MGE neurons from embryos of hypothyroxinemic dams are not affected in their tangential migration into wild‐type control cortices. In contrast, when GFP‐MGE neurons from embryos of control or hypothyroxinemic dams migrate within cortices from embryos of hypothyroxinemic dams, the GFP‐MGE‐derived neurons lose their preferential direction of migration, although they still migrate for long distances throughout the cortex. Our results show that maternal hypothyroxinemia alters the tangential migration of GFP‐MGE‐derived neurons in the neocortex of the progeny and suggest that this alteration is not derived from the migratory neurons themselves but through undefined short‐ and long‐range cues responsible for the guidance of their migration.
Low-dose physiological growth hormone in patients with HIV and abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT Antiretroviral therapy can be associated with visceral adiposity and metabolic complications, increasing cardiovascular risk, and reduced growth hormone (GH) secretion may be a contributing factor. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of low-dose physiological GH administration on body composition, glucose, and cardiovascular parameters in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) having abdominal fat accumulation and relative GH deficiency. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 56 patients with HIV, abdominal fat accumulation, and reduced GH secretion (peak GH <7.5 ng/mL) conducted at a US academic medical center between November 2003 and October 2007. INTERVENTION Patients were randomly assigned to receive either subcutaneous GH or matching placebo titrated to the upper quartile of normal insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1) range for 18 months. Starting dose was 2 microg/kg/d and increased to maximum dose of 6 microg/kg/d (average dose, 0.33 mg/d). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in body composition assessed by computed tomographic scan and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Secondary outcomes included glucose, IGF-1, blood pressure (BP), and lipids. Treatment effect was the difference in the change between GH and placebo groups, using all available data. RESULTS Fifty-five patients (26 with GH and 29 with placebo) were included in the safety analyses and 52 patients (25 with GH and 27 with placebo) were included in the efficacy analyses. Visceral adipose tissue area (treatment effect [last-value-carried-forward analysis {n = 56}, -19 cm(2); 95% confidence interval {CI}, -37 to -0.3 cm(2)], -19 cm(2); 95% CI, -38 to -0.5 cm(2); P = . 049); trunk fat (-0.8 kg; 95% CI, -1.5 to -0.04 kg; P = .04); diastolic BP (-7 mm Hg; 95% CI, -11 to -2 mm Hg; P = .006); and triglycerides (-7 mg/dL, P = .002) improved but 2-hour glucose levels on glucose tolerance testing increased in the GH group vs the placebo group (treatment effect, 22 mg/dL; 95% CI, 6-37 mg/dL; P = .009). The IGF-1 levels increased (treatment effect, 129 ng/mL; 95% CI, 95-164 ng/mL; P < .001). Adverse events were not increased for GH vs placebo (23%; 95% CI, 9%-44% vs 28%; 95% CI, 13%-47%; P = .70). CONCLUSIONS In HIV-associated abdominal fat accumulation and relative GH deficiency, low-dose GH received for 18 months resulted in significantly reduced visceral fat and truncal obesity, triglycerides, and diastolic BP, but 2-hour glucose levels on glucose tolerance testing were increased. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00100698.
Comparison of Survival Estimates Using Age-Specific Mortality and Radiotelemetry Data for Florida Key Deer

Abstract Obtaining reliable survival estimates is important in the management of wildlife populations, particularly for the construction of computer simulation models. Many methods for estimating survival (e.g., radiotelemetry) are cost-prohibitive or time consuming. Life tables can provide survival estimates using data routinely collected by some management agencies. We calculated annual survival for Odocoileus virginianus clavium (Key deer) using age-specific mortality data. We compared our life-table estimates to those calculated from radiotelemetry data. Key deer survival estimates derived from life tables were similar to rates calculated from radiocollared deer. The only exception was for yearling/adult females on north Big Pine Key, where the life-table estimate was only slightly outside of the 95% confidence interval for the radiotelemetry estimate. Our results suggest that life tables based on age-specific mortality data can be a useful tool in estimating survival for Key deer. Comparing survival estimates from both methods allowed us to evaluate potential biases due to violation of assumptions associated with life-table calculations. While wildlife managers should be aware of the potential biases, age-specific mortality data may provide an adequate and cost-effective alternative for estimating survival.
Subtle extrapyramidal signs can predict the development of dementia in elderly individuals

To assess the significance of mild extrapyramidal signs (EPSs) in aging, we prospectively followed 228 elderly individuals without dementia or major neurologic disease at baseline. Seventy-three (32%) showed mild idiopathic EPSs at baseline assessment and 32 (14%) of these 228 individuals met NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable or possible Alzheimer's disease on follow-up. While none of these individuals developed Parkinson's disease, those with more than one EPS at baseline were significantly more likely to become demented during follow-up than were those with one or no EPS, an association not confounded by age, education, or gender. Individuals with more than one EPS and with cognitive impairment (CI) at baseline were at highest risk for dementia. EPSs were also independently associated with incident dementia in the absence of CI at baseline. We conclude that mild EPSs are a significant predictor of dementia in elderly individuals.