Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Demand Supply Gap and Major Constraints in Production and Marketing of Major Fruits and Vegetables in Bihar, India

Production of fruits and vegetables play an important role in generating employment, income and meeting household nutritional security. Production of fruits and vegetables is being viewed as ‘Sunrise’ enterprise meaning thereby that potentials of major fruits and vegetables in large. At present, (2013-14) Bihar produces 4249.19 thousand metric tonnes of fruits accounting for 5% of fruits in India while produces162325.68 (’000 MT) vegetables accounting for10 % in India’s production. During 2012-13, Bihar produced 4.25 million tonnes of fruits and 16.32 million tonnes of vegetables, accounting to 5.23 percent and 10 percent of the country’s production, respectively. Bihar ranked ninth in area under fruits (4.32%) and 3 rd in area under vegetables (9.36%) as compared to all India’s situation. The productivity of fruits (14.09 tonnes/ha) and vegetables (18.94 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 6 (2017) pp. 2662-2672 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Power Requirement and Performance Factors of a Sunflower Thresher

A prototype sunflower thresher was designed, fabricated and tested. The performance of the machine by a PTO tractor at five levels of drum speeds; 650, 700, 750, 800 and 850 rpm and three feed rates; 2,000, 2,500 and 3,000 kg(head)/h, were used. The results showed that the no load power requirement of the sunflower thresher at a drum speed of 750 rpm (10.99 m/s) was 1.8 kW. At feed rate of 3,000 kg(head)/h and drum speed of 750 rpm; the thresher capacity was 1,098 kg(grain)/h with a threshing efficiency of 99%, grain damage was less than 1%, cleaning efficiency of 99%, grain loss of 0.82 to 1.07% and specific energy consumption of 3.86 to 4.38 kW-h/ton.
Amicarbazone, a New Photosystem II Inhibitor

Abstract Amicarbazone is a new triazolinone herbicide with a broad spectrum of weed control. The phenotypic responses of sensitive plants exposed to amicarbazone include chlorosis, stunted growth, tissue necrosis, and death. Its efficacy as both a foliar- and root-applied herbicide suggests that absorption and translocation of this compound is very rapid. This new herbicide is a potent inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport, inducing chlorophyll fluorescence and interrupting oxygen evolution ostensibly via binding to the Qb domain of photosystem II (PSII) in a manner similar to the triazines and the triazinones classes of herbicides. As a result, its efficacy is susceptible to the most common form of resistance to PSII inhibitors. Nonetheless, amicarbazone has a good selectivity profile and is a more potent herbicide than atrazine, which enables its use at lower rates than those of traditional photosynthetic inhibitors. Nomenclature: Amicarbazone; photosystem inhibitor, CAS No. 129909-90-6, BAY MKH 3586; atrazine, CAS No. 1912-24-9.
Gender Perspectives of Action Research for Improved Rice Value Chain in Northern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria

This paper aimed at determining the gender disparity along the rice value chain in Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. 250 farmers were selected by stratified random technique from five villages in Katsina State of Nigeria. Data obtained by structured interview and focus group discussion methods were analyzed by descriptive statistics and gross margin techniques. Gross margin profit was significant for male farmers (t-statistics =10.628) but not for female farmers (t-statistics = 1.262) at 5 percent level. The rates of return on capital were 0.847, 0.148 and 0.601 for processing, wholesale market and retail market levels respectively. Socio-cultural factors confining women to indoor activities constrained their access to production inputs, processing facilities and market. Improved access of farmers to inputs, and women in particular to processing facilities and skills would promote production of good quality rice in the study area.
Effect of organic fungicides on sooty blotch, flyspeck and quality of apple cv. Banki grown in Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Sooty blotch (SB) and flyspeck (FS) is a disease complex which causes the blemishes on skin surface of apple (Malus domestica Borkh) and damages the cosmetic look of fruit in humid temperate areas of the world. Not only it affects the postharvest quality of apple fruits but also reduces the storage life due to increased transpiration. During this study, five different organic fungicides (Ridomil gold, Thiophanate-methyl, Metalaxyl + Mancozeb, Dithane M-45 and Benomyl) at the rate of 5g/l were sprayed on mature and healthy apple trees to control this disease. Fungicides were applied with spray schedule of 15 days interval. Eight sprays were applied from the month of June to September. Results obtained revealed that the application of organic fungicides significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the disease incidence of SB and FS as compared to control. Maximum disease control (92.50%) and minimum (7.50%) fruit blotches were recorded with a combined application of Metalaxyl + Mancozeb. Similarly, maximum fruit weight (140.57 g), and total yield per tree (28.30 kg) were obtained in plants treated with Metalaxyl + Mancozeb. However, maximum fruit set per tree (299.75) was recorded in plants sprayed with Dithane M-45 as compared to control (160.25). Maximum total soluble solids and total sugars (12.90%, 15.50%) were recorded in fruits which were sprayed with Benomyl and Dithane M45, while minimum total soluble solids and total sugars (10.90%, 10.87%) were recorded in control fruits. Minimum ascorbic acid and titratable acidity (15.10 mg/100 mL, 3.65%) were recorded in fruits which were treated with Benomyl, respectively. Overall, a combined treatment of Metalaxyl + Mancozeb not only gave the best control against SB and FS but also increased the total fruit yield and improved the fruit colour as compared to other treatments. Therefore, it could be further exploited on a commercial scale against SB and FS in future.
On the impacts of phytoplankton-derived organic matter on the properties of the primary marine aerosol – Part 1: Source fluxes

Abstract. The effect of biogenic dissolved and colloidal organic matter on the production of submicron primary sea-spray aerosol was investigated via the simulation of bubble bursting in seawater enriched with phytoplankton-released organics. Seawater samples collected along a transect off the West African coast during the RHaMBLe cruise (RRS Discovery cruise D319), conducted as part of the SOLAS UK program, were analysed in order to identify the dominant oceanic algal species in a region of high biological activity. Cultures of microalgal strains representative of the species found in the collected seawater were grown in order to produce natural bioexudate. Colloidal plus dissolved organic fraction in this material remaining after 175 μM was required to observe a significant impact on the size distribution, which implies that effects are expected to be substantial only in high biological activity areas abundant with diatom algal populations. The laboratory findings were in agreement with analogous bubble-bursting experiments conducted with unfiltered oceanic seawater collected during the RHaMBLe cruise, which revealed a higher production of particles with Dp0 A novel sub-micrometric size-resolved source flux function, explicitly defined as a function of the diatomaceous exudate concentration, was derived from the size distribution measurements and the estimation of the fractional whitecap coverage. According to the defined parameterisation, a 300 μM OC
Hadrons of 
N=2
 supersymmetric QCD in four dimensions from little string theory

It was recently shown that non-Abelian vortex strings supported in a version of four-dimensional N=2 supersymmetric QCD (SQCD) become critical superstrings. In addition to four translational moduli, non-Abelian strings under consideration have six orientational and size moduli. Together they form a ten-dimensional target space required for a superstring to be critical, namely, the product of the flat four-dimensional space and conifold -- a non-compact Calabi-Yau threefold. In this paper we report on further studies of low-lying closed string states which emerge in four dimensions and identify them as hadrons of our four-dimensional N=2 SQCD. We use the approach based on "little string theory," describing critical string on the conifold as a non-critical $c=1$ string with the Liouville field and a compact scalar at the self-dual radius. In addition to massless hypermultiplet found earlier we observe several massive vector multiplets and a massive spin-2 multiplet, all belonging to the long (non-BPS) representations of N=2 supersymmetry in four dimensions. All the above states are interpreted as baryons formed by a closed string with confined monopoles attached. Our construction presents an example of a "reverse holography. "
Colombian bank efficiency and the role of market structure

Colombia’s financial system has undertaken major changes during the last decade, with new regulatory regimes being implemented, as well as a significant expansion of financial services. Nevertheless, the recent literature has yet to analyze this new epoch for banking institutions under an efficiency framework. Taking into account the availability of new information and the methodological advances of recent years, our purpose is to study the evolution of bank efficiency during the past few years, as well as to evaluate the influence of some market structure variables on the latter. We find evidence, both under SFA and Order-m, supporting an increase in efficiency over time. Moreover, relating the latter with market structure variables suggests that there is a positive relationship between market power and efficiency; this occurs due to product differentiation, which allows banks to gain in efficiency provided they don’t set excessive credit prices. Nonetheless, there is an open debate concerning the behavior of banks with the highest market shares, since the negative relation between market concentration and efficiency advocates for a "quiet life form", where banks don’t have incentives to fully minimize costs. Additional to these results, we provide evidence of potential impacts that mergers and credit specialization may have on efficiency.
Testing the Direct and Indirect Relationship between Human Resource Management and Turnover Intention in A non-Western Context of the Palestine

This study has two objectives: to examine the influence of the five HR practices (job characteristics, training, performance appraisal, career development and compensation) on turnover intention in Palestine, to test the mediating effect of perceived organizational support in the relationship between the five HR practices and turnover intention. The data gathered from 504 nurses from 12 Palestinian Public Hospitals. Correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were used to examine the hypotheses of the study as well as mediating hypothesis was tested by using Baron and Kenny’s recommendations. This study showed that job characteristics, training, performance appraisal, career development and compensation were negatively influence turnover intention. Moreover, perceived organizational support (POS) was found to play a partial role in mediating the influence of the five practices of human resource management on turnover intention. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed in the paper. Recommendations are provided to managers in Palestinian Public Hospitals to enhance human resource management practices in the workplace.
Investigating cross-linguistic differences in refusal speech act among native Persian and English speakers

The aim of this study was to investigate the speech act of refusal performed by native Persian and English speakers with respect to linguistic devices. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, refusal utterances were analyzed with respect to semantic formulas - that is words, phrases, or sentences meeting a particular semantic criterion to perform an act of eliciting. In the second phase, gender differences were examined, as well. One hundred movies (50 in Persian, 50 in English) were used as instruments for gathering the data. The movies were watched closely, and the utterances native speakers employed in their refusals were transcribed and analyzed. Persian speakers used excuse more than English speakers; however, they applied strategies such as regret, non-performative statements, and lack of enthusiasm less frequently than English speakers. The Chi-square (χ²) formula was then conducted to find out whether there were any significant differences in performing refusal speech act among the speakers of the two languages. The results showed that there were some differences between the two languages with regard to refusal utterances and gender. Finally, pedagogical implications of study for language learning and teaching have been enumerated.
Impact of obesity and adipokines on cardiac structure and function in men with first myocardial infarction

Introduction: Alterations in cardiovascular function have been observed in obese patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of obesity and plasma concentration of the adipokines: leptin, adiponectin and resistin on cardiac structure and function. Material and methods: Out of patients with first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) 40 obese males aged up to 65 years formed group I and 40 lean males group II. Anthropometric measurements, echocardiographic parameters and plasma adipokines concentrations were analyzed. Results: The anthropometric measurements, leptin and resistin were significantly higher, whereas adiponectin was lower in group I. Most morphological and diastolic function parameters significantly differed between groups. Myocardial performance index was higher in obese patients and correlated with leptin and resistin. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was observed in 24 patients in group I and 10 patients in group II (60 vs. 25%, P<0.01). In univariate regression analysis LVH was related to obesity, hypertension and adipokines but only hypertension and leptin independently increased the probability of LVH. No relation between impaired systolic function (EF<55%) and the analyzed parameters was found. Abnormal left ventricular relaxation was present in 8 patients in group I and 3 patients in group II (20 vs. 7.5%, NS). A relation between abnormal relaxation and hypertension, diabetes and adipokines was revealed, the independent variables being hypertension and leptin. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with alterations in cardiac structure, diastolic function and LVH. Leptin is related to LVH and abnormal left ventricular relaxation.
COMMITMENT TO ORGANIZATION IN VIEW OF EMPLOYEES’ PAY SATISFACTION Fatwa Tentama Faculty of Psychology

The study aims to test empirically the extent to which employee satisfaction with pay has an effect on their commitment to organization. We hypothesize that a positive relationship exists between employee satisfaction with pay and commitment to organization in a batik company. The subjects comprised 40 employees of Batik Nyonya Indo Company in Bantul. The data was obtained using the scale of satisfaction with pay and scale of commitment to organization among the employees. Data analysis was conducted using product-moment correlation coefficient. The results indicate that a significantly positive correlation exists between satisfaction with pay and commitment to organization among employees, as indicated by r = 0,312 (p < 0,05). The effect of satisfaction with pay on commitment to organization among employee is 8, 736 %. Satisfaction with pay is a factor that affects the commitment to organization among employees. The higher the satisfaction with pay, the stronger is the commitment to organization among the employees, and vice versa.
Language maintenance and shift under pressure: Three generations of the Turkish immigrant community in the Netherlands

Abstract Drawing on questionnaire and interview data, this study explores the process of language maintenance and shift across three generations of Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands. It compares three generations of Turkish-Dutch bilinguals by examining age and place of language learning, self-rated language proficiency, and language choices in six domains (home, school, work, friends, media and leisure time activities, and cognitive activities). Furthermore, it investigates bilinguals’ experiences, motivations for learning languages and attitudes towards bilingualism. Findings suggest that following the typical pattern of language shift described by Mario Saltarelli and Susan Gonzo in 1977, language history, self-rated language proficiency and current language practices of third-generation children differ from those of first- and second-generation bilinguals. Consequently, possible language shift among third-generation bilinguals causes socioemotional pressure about maintaining the Turkish language, triggering intergenerational tensions in Turkish immigrant families. At the same time, the perceived need to shift to Dutch for social and economic reasons causes immigrant children to experience tensions and ambiguities in the linguistic connections between the family and other social domains (e. g. school, friendship). The findings evidence that the Turkish immigrant community in the Netherlands may no longer be as linguistically homogeneous as once observed. The dissolution of homogeneity can be a sign of social change in which maintaining the Turkish language has become a challenge, whereas speaking Dutch is a necessity of life in the Netherlands.
Geochemical distribution of arsenic, antimony and mercury in surface waters and bed sediments from Aq- Darreh river, Takab, northwest Iran

Aq-Darreh mining district is located in the Aq-Darreh River watershed. The water and river-bed sediments of this area are much polluted due to the severe weathering and erosion of waste piles of Aq-Darreh Bala abandoned Sb mine and Aq-Darreh Au deposit. The concentration of As and Sb in water of Aq-Darreh River ranges from 3.2 to159
Bank liquidity and macroeconomic fragility: Empirical evidence for the EMU

The supervision of bank liquidity has been one of the core topics in the recently developed regulatory framework of banks (Basel III). This paper investigates two issues that have not been addressed in Basel III and which are of particular importance for the attainment of a more effective liquidity regulation. The first is the need for a dynamic definition of liquidity that takes into account the time-varying liquidity and stability of banks' balance sheet items. The paper develops a new liquidity ratio that explicitly considers this changing nature of liquidity, by assigning weights that depend on financial risks and perceptions. The ratio is estimated and assessed for the EMU-12 countries. The second issue is the need for macro fragility-related liquidity requirements. We provide empirical evidence which suggests that the banking sector does not self-impose such requirements. Based on this evidence, it is argued that the regulatory agents should introduce a positive link between bank liquidity requirements and macroeconomic fragility.
Calotropis Procera: The Miracle Shrub in the Arabian Peninsula

Calotropis procera (Ait). Ait. shrubs were collected randomly from Hada Al-Sham village, about 120 km far from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. They habitat in a sandy site located at a latitude of 21° 46'. 839N and a longitude of 39° 39'. 911E above the sea level by 206 m. Chemical, physical and anatomical characterizations were made for its wood and seed floss. The allocation of each of leaves, seeds and seed floss are 4, 0.56 and 0.28 kg/plant, respectively. The fiber length (Fl) of was about 24, 9.35 and 1.01 mm for seed floss, phloem and wood, respectively. Calotrope wood is characterized by presence of prosenchyma cells of both vessels and fibers in a diffuse porous property. Fiber cells occupy most of the transverse section area. About 8-9 rows of relatively thin walled, less lignified fibers as well as axial parenchyma cells that were found in the transverse section. The vessels have simple transverse perforation plates and diffuse solitary scanty and appear mainly in long chains of radial multiples and in groups of irregular arrangements. The axial parenchyma is scantly scattered and inter-mixed with fibers. The rays are narrow, varying from uniseriate to tetraseriate and varied widely in their length. The presence of both upright and procumbent cells in the rays confirms heterogeneity of these rays. The mean values of radial and tangential diameters of vessel were found to be 124 and 86 μm, respectively. The difference in vessel diameter between both directions may be attributed to the environmental conditions and the nature of plant growth. The vessel density in the wood tissue is 14 vessels per mm. Huge pores arisen from excluding lignin, wax and extractives are appeared in SEM micrographs for the chemically treated seed floss of the calotrope. Chemical constituents were found to be 61.2, 20.3, 9.16, 5.02 and 4.3 % for contents of hemicellulose, lignin, total extractives, ash and wax, respectively. However, the hemicellulose content is lower than that for common known about cotton linters and Ceiba pentandra seed floss. This study reflects the importance of calotrope for sustainability that forces humans and nature to exist in a productive harmony permitting fulfilling the social, economic and other requirements of present and future generations.
Unconventional Hydrocarbon Development Hazards Within the Central United States. Report 1: Overview and Potential Risk to Infrastructure

Abstract : Unconventional hydrocarbon development-induced seismic hazard in historically aseismic regions is more frequent and concentrated than seismicity in established tectonic high-hazard zones. A significant increase in seismicity within historically aseismic regions and in close proximity to federal infrastructure has been observed within Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. Seismological events M2.0 and greater, spanning 02/08/1950 until 10/20/2013, were analyzed to identify and assess the hazard potential. Geospatial and temporal observations correlate the seismic increase to the rise of unconventional hydrocarbon development, which has become more analogous with deep ore mining in terms of energy release. Thus, unconventional hydrocarbon is subjected to the same causality phenomena and associative hazards with significant implications towards quantifying the risk to infrastructure health and longevity. Furthermore, the current standard of practice for risk assessment is not applicable for this highly variable, induced hazard. Additionally, this research investigated the cumulative seismic potential, based on injected fluid volume, of co-located hydraulic fracturing wells wherein the seismic potential of such wells are equivalent to the seismic potential of conventional wastewater injection wells. This cumulative seismic potential of multiple hydraulic fracturing wells could explain the seismicity within regions of Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, wherein no other regional geo-engineering activity has been reported. Additionally, this study presents a power-law relation, useful for all injected fluid activities irrespective of the injection purpose, and applies the cumulative potential to the largest known UHP hydraulic fracturing volumes an event up to Mw5.5 can reasonably expect with a maximum potential of Mw6.5.