Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Laparoscopic pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction].

PURPOSE We performed laparoscopic pyeloplasty in 11 patients with ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction and evaluated the clinical outcomes of this surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between August 2001 and February 2004, 11 patients with UPJ obstruction underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty in our institute. In all patients, symptoms were presented and UPJ obstruction was confirmed by radiographic examinations. Ten patients had primary obstruction, while one patient had secondary obstruction. Retroperitoneal approach was applied in all but one patient who needed intraperitoneal approach due to secondary obstruction. We performed Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty, Hellström technique and Fenger plasty in 8, 2 and 1 patient, respectively. Nephropexy was performed in 2 patients with nephroptosis, and isthmusectomy was performed in 1 patient with horseshoe kidney, simultaneously. RESULTS The mean operative time was 312 minutes (210-371) and the mean blood loss (including urine) was 75 ml. No blood transfusion was required, and all procedures were performed safely. Crossing vessels were found in 5 patients (45%). Pyelonephritis was the only postoperative complication, managed by the administration of antibiotics. Symptoms were disappeared without recurrences in all patients at mean follow up time of 18 months (6-36). ( CONCLUSION Although the number of cases was small with relatively short follow up period, the clinical outcomes of laparoscopic pyeloplasty in our institute were almost satisfied, as previously reported by other investigators. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty might be one of the standard treatments for patients with UPJ obstruction, although we should carefully consider about indication, approach and operation method.
MIB‐1 and p53 immunocytochemistry for differentiating pilocytic astrocytomas and astrocytomas from anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas in children and young adults

To establish whether MIB‐1 and p53 staining are useful for differentiating pilocytic astrocytomas and astrocytomas from anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas. This study was restricted to children and young adults under 30 years of age because of the differences in p53 mutations between paediatric and adult astrocytomas.
Social Comparison or Emotional Contagion?: Comparing Two Mechanisms Underlying the Association between Instagram Browsing and Subjective Well-being

The present study examined the relative effects of two mechanisms – social comparison and emotional contagion – underlying the association between Instagram browsing and individuals’ subjective well-being. Previous studies employed a single scale of information valence when comparing these two mechanisms, yet this approach may have failed to accurately capture the effects of social comparison direction. Thus, the current study employed two disparate scales (i.e., information valence scale and comparison directionality scale) to test if two scales can be equated, and if not, which of the two scales better accounts for the effects of social media browsing on well-being. Furthermore, this study examined how differing degrees of psychological closeness between the poster and viewer (i.e., close friends, acquaintances, strangers) moderate the relationship between Instagram browsing and well-
Review of methods for measuring β‐cell function: Design considerations from the Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) Consortium

The Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) study was initiated to evaluate interventions to slow or reverse the progression of β‐cell failure in type 2 diabetes (T2D). To design the RISE study, we undertook an evaluation of methods for measurement of β‐cell function and changes in β‐cell function in response to interventions. In the present paper, we review approaches for measurement of β‐cell function, focusing on methodologic and feasibility considerations. Methodologic considerations included: (1) the utility of each technique for evaluating key aspects of β‐cell function (first‐ and second‐phase insulin secretion, maximum insulin secretion, glucose sensitivity, incretin effects) and (2) tactics for incorporating a measurement of insulin sensitivity in order to adjust insulin secretion measures for insulin sensitivity appropriately. Of particular concern were the capacity to measure β‐cell function accurately in those with poor function, as is seen in established T2D, and the capacity of each method for demonstrating treatment‐induced changes in β‐cell function. Feasibility considerations included: staff burden, including time and required methodological expertise; participant burden, including time and number of study visits; and ease of standardizing methods across a multicentre consortium. After this evaluation, we selected a 2‐day measurement procedure, combining a 3‐hour 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test and a 2‐stage hyperglycaemic clamp procedure, augmented with arginine.
Beyond the usual suspects: using political science to enhance public health policy making

That public health policy and practice should be evidence based is a seemingly uncontroversial claim. Yet governments and citizens routinely reject the best available evidence and prefer policies that reflect other considerations and concerns. The most common explanations of this paradox emphasise scientific disagreement, the power of ‘politics’, or the belief that scientists and policymakers live in two separate communities that do not communicate. However, another explanation may lie in the limits of the very notion of evidence-based policy making. In fact, the social science discipline of political science offers a rich body of theory and empirical evidence to explain the apparent gap between evidence and policy. This essay introduces this literature with a particular emphasis on a recent book by Katherine Smith, Beyond evidence-based policy in public health: the interplay of ideas. As the title suggests, Smith argues that what matters for public health policy is less scientific evidence and much more a more complex set of ideas. Based on detailed case studies of UK tobacco and health inequality policy, Smith offers a richly textured alternative account of what matters for policy making. This excellent book is part of a small but growing body of political science research on public health policy that draws on contemporary theories of policy change and governance more generally. This essay provides a window on this research, describes some examples, but emphasises that public health scholars and practitioners too often retain a narrow if not naive view of the policy-making process.
Determinants of Friendship in Social Networking Virtual Worlds

This paper examines the determinants of friendship between two users in a virtual world who are unaware of each other's real identities. Drawing on theories of homophily, heterophily and propinquity, three virtual world behaviours are analysed: avatar appearance, avatar location, and avatar communication. Data are collected on 179 participants interacting in a novel virtual world. The main results show that: (1) avatars did not tend to form friendships with avatars that are similar in appearance to themselves but did tend to form friendships with avatars that are dressed differently from themselves; (2) in terms of location, the closer an avatar stands to other avatars, the more likely the avatar is to receive a friend invitation; and (3) the fewer words an avatar uses in communication, the more likely the avatar is to receive a friend invitation. This paper contributes to theories of virtual world interaction and to using virtual worlds as a data collection platform.
Use of non-crop food vascular plants in Montseny biosphere reserve (Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula)

An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in the massif of Montseny (Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula), a mountainous UNESCO's biosphere reserve that summarizes the main European (from Mediterranean to subalpine) climates and landscapes. This article presents the results concerning the use of non-crop vascular food plants, numbering 132. Edible plants (75), as well as those involved in drink preparation (84) are considered. The study shows the different ways of preparation, preservation and consumption of plants. Most food plants also have uses as folk medicines in the region considered, and the relationships between foods and medicines are discussed. The presence and usage of wild relatives of cultivated plants in the territory studied are also commented upon.
Very Low-cost VLSI Implementation of AES Algorithm

This paper proposes a very low-cost VLSI implementation of AES algorithm. This design splits the 128 bit computation in every round into four 32 bit calculations and exploits 2-level pipeline to finish the process. Moreover, such improvements as module reuse and calculation order optimization, especially low-cost key expansion structure, are used to achieve high performance with very low hardware cost. Using the HHNEC 0.25 mum CMOS process, the scale of the design is about 12 K equivalent gates and its system frequency is up to 100 MHz. The throughputs of the 128 bit data encryption and decryption are as high as 256 Mbit/s.
Mechanisms of lipopolysaccharide-induced protection against pseudomonas sepsis in granulocytopenic mice.

The nature of the enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis induced by type-specific lipopolysaccharide vaccine was examined in a mouse model of cyclophosphamide-induced granulocytopenia. Mice actively immunized with type-specific vaccine survived significantly longer than did nonimmune mice (P less than .002) when challenged 8, 12, or 16 days after immunization. This protection was nonspecific eight days after immunization and specific 12 days after immunization. Passive immunization of mice with specific antibody resulted in significant, though minimal, protection. In contrast, long-term protection was observed when the passive transfer of specific antibody was combined with nonspecific immunization. This observation suggests that the specific protection observed with type-specific active immunization results from the interaction of specific antibody and an immunization-induced nonspecific cellular effector. While no significant effect of immunization on granulocyte counts in peripheral blood was demonstrated, studies of phagocytosis performed with peritoneal mononuclear cells suggest that the macrophage may be the immunization-induced, nonspecific cellular effector.
Oral health status of 1500 university students in Toulouse France.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess the oral health status among a population of students enrolled in the first year at the Paul Sabatier University in Toulouse (France), and to compare the results with those of similar investigations. METHODS An epidemiologic survey of 1,500 students at the Centre for Preventive Medicine at Paul Sabatier University (UPS) will enable us to obtain the prevalence of certain variables such as DMFT, sugar consumption, tooth-brushing frequency, and mouthwash use, through a structured questionnaire and a standardised oral health examination. RESULTS The Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index of these students was 4.4 (Standard Deviation = 3.72) (D = 1, M = 0.042 F = 3,454). Of the 1500 subjects, 27.6% smoke, while 43% eat sweets on a regular basis. The female students are more careful with their dental health (tooth-brushing frequency and mouthwash use are statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Although the result of the DMFT index is lower in comparison to similar previous studies, a decrease in dental caries seems certain. The multifactorial knowledge of the caries aetiology motivates us to search for new, more sensitive indexes.
Drinking patterns of older Americans: National Health Interview Surveys, 1997-2001.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to estimate the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption among current drinking Americans age 60 years and older, by gender and age. METHOD Five years (1997-2001) of cross-sectional National Health Interview Survey data were pooled. Quantity (number of drinks consumed, on average, on drinking days), frequency (number of drinking days per year) and a composite quantity-frequency measure (average number of drinks per day) were defined. Age trends (between age 60 and 84 years) were tested using logistic regression. Analyses were weighted to produce national estimates. RESULTS Among 40,556 adults age 60 years and older, 52.8% (n = 8,136) of men and 37.2% (n = 8,710) of women were current drinkers. Over increasingly older age groups of current drinking men and women (1) proportions consuming higher quantities of alcohol (two drinks or more) decreased (p trend < .001), whereas proportions consuming lower quantities (one drink) increased (p trend < .001); and (2) proportions drinking least frequently (< 12 days per year) and most frequently (260-365 days per year) increased (p trend < .05), whereas proportions drinking at intermediate frequencies remained stable or decreased. Differences in patterns for quantity alone and frequency alone were obscured by the composite quantity-frequency measure. CONCLUSIONS In a nationally representative survey, quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption showed strikingly different patterns of cross-sectional age-related change. In epidemiologic studies, quantity and frequency have been differentially associated with medical conditions prevalent in older populations. Investigators studying alcohol consumption in older people should consider reporting results separately by quantity and frequency.
Regional brain morphometry and impulsivity in adolescents following prenatal exposure to cocaine and tobacco.

IMPORTANCE Animal studies have suggested that prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) deleteriously influences the developing nervous system, in part attributable to its site of action in blocking the function of monoamine reuptake transporters, increasing synaptic levels of serotonin and dopamine. OBJECTIVE To examine the brain morphologic features and associated impulsive behaviors in adolescents following prenatal exposure to cocaine and/or tobacco. DESIGN Magnetic resonance imaging data and behavioral measures were collected from adolescents followed up longitudinally in the Maternal Lifestyle Study. SETTING A hospital-based research center. PARTICIPANTS A total of 40 adolescent participants aged 13 to 15 years were recruited, 20 without PCE and 20 with PCE; a subset of each group additionally had tobacco exposure. Participants were selected and matched based on head circumference at birth, gestational age, maternal alcohol use, age, sex, race/ethnicity, IQ, family poverty, and socioeconomic status. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Subcortical volumetric measures of the thalamus, caudate, putamen, pallidum, hippocampus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens; cortical thickness measures of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ventral medial prefrontal cortex; and impulsivity assessed by Conners' Continuous Performance Test and the Sensation Seeking Scale for Children. RESULTS After controlling for covariates, cortical thickness of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was significantly thinner in adolescents following PCE (P = .03), whereas the pallidum volume was smaller in adolescents following prenatal tobacco exposure (P = .03). Impulsivity was correlated with thalamic volume following either PCE (P = .05) or prenatal tobacco exposure (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Prenatal cocaine or tobacco exposure can differentially affect structural brain maturation during adolescence and underlie enhanced susceptibility to impulsivity. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.
The Geography of Insurgent Organization and its Consequences for Civil Wars: Evidence from Liberia and Sierra Leone

This article investigates the determinants of armed group organization and the downstream effects of organization on civil wars. It demonstrates that the interaction between geographical and technological factors influences the types of hierarchical organizations that armed groups develop. It then argues that variations in the types of hierarchies developed by armed groups have important consequences for principal-agent relations, which in turn affect groups' overall level of military effectiveness. Using evidence from field research conducted in Liberia and Sierra Leone, the model's plausibility is examined in comparative case studies of four armed groups that fought in those countries from 1989–2003.
New P2Y12 Inhibitors

A denosine diphosphate (ADP) plays a key role in the genesis of physiological platelet-rich hemostatic plugs and of pathological arterial thrombi.1 The transduction of the ADP signal involves its interaction with 2 platelet receptors, the Gq-coupled P2Y1 receptor and the Gi-coupled P2Y12 receptor, which belong to the family of purinergic P2 receptors. Concomitant activation of both the Gq and Gi pathways by ADP is necessary to elicit normal platelet aggregation.2 In addition to its role in ADP-induced platelet aggregation, P2Y12 (Figure 1) also mediates the potentiation of platelet secretion induced by strong agonists, which is independent of the formation of large aggregates and thromboxane A2 synthesis2; the stabilization of thrombin-induced platelet aggregates2; shear-induced platelet aggregation2; and the inhibition of the antiplatelet effects of the natural regulator of platelet function, prostacyclin.3 In contrast to P2Y1, P2Y12 has a very selective tissue distribution, making it an attractive molecular target for therapeutic intervention. Indeed, P2Y12 is the target of efficacious antithrombotic agents.1 Figure 1. Central role of P2Y12 in platelet aggregation. ADP, by interacting with P2Y12, a 7-transmembrane receptor that is coupled to the inhibitory G protein Gi, induces platelet aggregation and amplifies the aggregation response that is induced by other agonists or by ADP itself, interacting with its other platelet receptor, P2Y1. In addition, P2Y12 stabilizes the platelet aggregates and amplifies the secretion of platelet dense granules stimulated by secretion-inducing agonists (which are coupled to Gq). Although P2Y12 is coupled to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (AC) through Gi, this function does not appear to be directly related to P2Y12-mediated platelet activation. However, it could have important implications in vivo, …
Acute Insulin Response and β-Cell Compensation in Normal Subjects Treated With Olanzapine or Risperidone for 2 Weeks

Hardy et al. (1) demonstrate that administration of olanzapine or risperidone does not impair acute insulin response and conclude that their results argue against substantial and generalized impairment of insulin action secretion with these agents after short-term treatment. An earlier study by Ader et al. (2) suggested that olanzapine impairs insulin sensitivity as well as compensatory increase in insulin secretion. Hardy et al. (1) acknowledge that …
Effects of Learner Motivation and Teacher-student Interaction on Learner Satisfaction in Nursing Students

본 연구의 목적은 간호대학생을 대상으로 학습만족도에 영향을 주는 요인을 파악하여 새로운 학습법을 도입할 때 대상자의 학습만족도를 높이기 위해 고려해야 하는 요소에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하기 위함이다. 본 연구에서는 자기주도학습 준비도, 교수-학생 상호작용, 핵심역량, 스트레스와 학습동기가 학습만족도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이러한 변수를 측정하기 위하여 자기주도적 학습준비도 검사, 교사-학생관계척 도, 대학생 핵심역량, 대학차원의 스트레스 측정도구, 학습동기 측정표, 학습만족도 측정도구를 수정 보완한 도구를 사용하였다. 연구대상은 S시에 위치한 E대학교 간호대학생 2, 3학년을 대상으로 하였으며, 총 132명 의 자료가 최종 분석에 포함되었다. 본 연구의 결과 학습만족도는 자기주도학습 준비도(r= .21, p= .018), 교수-학생 상호작용(r= .39, p<.001), 핵심역량(r= .21, p= .014), 학습동기(r= .75, p<.001)와 양의 상관관계 를 보였다. 또한 학습동기는 자기주도학습 준비도(r= .24, p= .005), 교수-학생 상호작용(r= .38, p<.001), 핵심역량(r= .21, p= .018)과 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 학습만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 학습동기와 교수 -학생 상호작용이었으며, 이 2개의 변수로 구축된 회귀모형의 학습만족도에 대한 설명력은 59.7%였다. 따 라서 본 연구의 결과 학습만족도를 높이기 위해서는 학습동기를 고취시키고 교수-학생 상호작용이 효율적 으로 일어날 수 있도록 하는 중재가 필요하겠다.
Analyse de Cycle de Vie appliquée à un chantier d'entretien routier sur la RN 76 Evaluation technique et environnementale d'une couche de liaison d'enrobé bitumineux pour différents taux de recyclage. Introduction

Le concept de developpement durable amene a favoriser les pratiques de recyclage des dechets issus de la route. Cependant, la generalisation de ces pratiques amene des interrogations en matiere de protection de l'environnement, necessitant de conduire des evaluations techniques et environnementales couplees. La methodologie normalisee d'analyse de cycle de vie (ACV) est adaptee a cette double approche. Une experimentation a ete realisee en septembre 2001 sur la chaussee de la RN 76, en appliquant la methodologie ACV a l'evaluation du recyclage d'agregats d'enrobes a differents taux, afin d'en evaluer les impacts sur l'environnement. Ce chantier a necessite la collaboration de plus de 50 personnes appartenant a 11 services differents du reseau de l'equipement. Les donnees collectees ne sont pas toutes exploitables. L'inventaire montre que les flux ayant fait l'objet d'une collecte experimentale ne sont pas forcement correles au taux de recyclage, alors que ceux calcules a partir de donnees bibliographiques diminuent. Ceci pose la question de la pertinence du taux de recyclage, et donc des masses de materiaux, comme parametre influent. Une comprehension fine des procedes, pourrait permettre de relier les flux a des parametres autres que la masse des materiaux. Les limites de la methode ACV sont egalement discutees.
The cell‐ and tissue‐specific transcription mechanism of the TATA‐less syntaxin 1A gene

Syntaxin 1A (Stx1a) plays an important role in regulation of neuronal synaptic function. To clarify the mechanism of basic transcriptional regulation and neuron‐specific transcription of Stx1a we cloned the Stx1a gene from rat, in which knowledge of the expression profile was accumulated, and elucidated that Stx1a consisting of 10 exons, possesses multiple transcription initiation sites and a 204‐bp core promoter region (CPR) essential for transcription in PC12 cells. The TATA‐less, conserved, GC‐rich CPR has 2 specific protein (SP) sites that bind SP1 and are responsible for 65% of promoter activity. The endogenous CPR, including 23 CpG sites, is not methylated in PC12 cells, which express Stx1a and fetal rat skin keratinocyte (FRSK) cells, which do not, although an exogenous methylated CPR suppresses reporter activity in both lines. Trichostatin A (TSA) and class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, but not 5‐azacytidine, induce Stx1a in FRSK cells. Acetylated histone H3 only associates to the CPR in FRSK cells after TSA addition, whereas the high acetylated histone H3‐CPR association in PC12 cells was unchanged following treatment. HDAC inhibitor induction of Stx1a was negated by mithramycin A and deletion/mutation of 2 SP sites. HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC8 detach from the CPR when treated with TSA in FRSK cells and are associated with the CPR in lungs, and acetylated histone H3 associates to this region in the brain. In the first study characterizing a syntaxin promoter, we show that association of SP1 and acetylated histone H3 to CPR is important for Stx1a transcription and that HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC8 decide cell/tissue specificity in a suppressive manner. —Nakayama, T. , Mikoshiba, K. , Akagawa, K. The cell‐ and tissue‐specific transcription mechanism of the TATA‐less syntaxin 1A gene. FASEB J. 30, 525‐543 (2016). www.fasebj. org