Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Air Pressure with Cervical Artificial Insemination on the Fertility of Awassi Ewes Synchronized with PGF2α

Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of air pressure on fertility during cervical artificial insemination with fresh semen in Awassi ewes. A total of 60 reproductively normal-cycling Awassi ewes (2-5 years old) were used in the experiment during the breeding season. All ewes were treated with the PG-7 days protocol consisting of two intramuscular doses of a PGF2α analogue administered 7 days apart. Animals were divided into two groups. The first group (n=30) was cervically inseminated (CAI). The second group (n=30) was cervically inseminated by means of an air pump (APCAI). Artificial inseminations were performed 48 h after the second PGF2α injection. Pregnancy was determined using ultrasonography on d 30 after AI. The pregnancy rate was found significantly higher in the APCAI group than in the CAI group (80.0% versus 46.7%) (P<0.01). The lambing rate was found to be greater in the group cervically inseminated with an air pump than in the group cervically inseminated with the conventional method (70.0 versus 46.7%). The insemination method used had a significant effect on lambing rate (P<0.05). Prolificacy was not affected by insemination methods (APCAI, 1.09; CAI, 1.14). It was concluded that cervical insemination with an air pump in Awassi ewes might improve clinical pregnancy rates by mechanisms yet to be defined.
Serum concentrations of the biomarkers CA125, CA15-3, PSA and PAPP-A in early pregnancy

Blood samples were collected serially from 14 women with healthy pregnancies, beginning in gestational week 4 at the time of a positive pregnancy test through to the identification of a foetal heart by ultrasound. Six biomarkers were measured in the serum retrospectively including two reproductive hormones (progesterone and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)) and four additional biomarkers (prostate-specific antigen (PSA), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A)) measured on a Siemens Centaur XP and a Roche Cobas e411 automated analysers, respectively. The progesterone and hCG results were unremarkable following established patterns, but distinctive patterns of change were seen in the other four biomarkers during this period of early pregnancy. PAPP-A and PSA levels rose steadily as the pregnancies progressed, while CA125 levels rose until week 5.5 and then returned to baseline values. CA15-3 serum concentrations were observed to drop as.
On the bidirectional relationship between geographic range and taxonomic duration

Abstract Geographic range and taxonomic duration are known to be positively correlated in a number of biologic groups; this is usually attributed to the influence of range upon duration rather than the other way about. Here we analyze two distinct components of this correlation within species and genera of marine invertebrates and microfossils by partitioning the total duration into two parts: the time it takes a taxon to attain its maximum geographic range, and the time a taxon persists after attaining its peak range. We find that the longer it takes a taxon to attain its maximum geographic range, the wider is that range. We also find that the broader the maximum range, the greater is the duration after this maximum is attained. These two correlations are equally strong on average. There is thus a reciprocal relationship between duration and geographic range, and there is no compelling evidence that range generally determines duration more or less than duration determines range.
Cognitive Consistency in Social Cognition

The desire to maintain consistency between cognitions has been recognized by many psychologists as an important human motive. Research on this topic has been highly influential in a variety of areas of social cognition, including attitudes, person perception, prejudice and stereotyping, and self-evaluation. In his seminal work on cognitive dissonance, Leon Festinger noted that inconsistencies between cognitions result in negative affect. Further, he argued that the motivation to maintain consistency is a basic motive that is intrinsically important. Subsequent theorists posed revisions to Festinger’s original theory, suggesting that consistency is only important to the extent that it allows one to maintain a desired self-view or to communicate traits to others. According to these theorists, the motivation to maintain consistency serves as a means toward a superordinate motive, not as an end in itself. Building on this argument, more recent perspectives suggest that consistency is important for the execution of context-appropriate action and the acquisition and validation of knowledge. Several important lines of research grew out of the idea that cognitive consistency plays a central role in social information processing. One dominant line of research has aimed toward understanding how people deal with inconsistencies between their attitudes and their behaviors. Other research has investigated how individuals maintain their beliefs either by (1) avoiding exposure to contradictory information or (2) engaging in cognitive processes aimed towards reconciling an inconsistency after being exposed to contradictory information. Cognitive consistency perspectives have also been leveraged to understand (1) the conditions under which explicit and implicit evaluations correlate with one another, (2) when change in one type of evaluation correspond with change in the other, and (3) the roles of distinct types of consistency principles underlying explicit and implicit evaluations. Expanding on these works, newer lines of research have provided important revisions and extensions to early research on cognitive consistency, focusing on (1) the identification of inconsistency, (2) the elicitation of negative affect in response to inconsistency, and (3) behavioral responses aimed to restore inconsistency or mitigate the negative feelings arising from inconsistency. For example, some research has suggested that, instead of following the rules of formal logic, perceptions of (in)consistency are driven by “psycho-logic” in that individuals may perceive inconsistency when there is logical consistency, and vice versa. Further, reconciling conflicting research on the affective responses to inconsistency, recent work suggests that all inconsistencies first elicit negative affect, but immediate affective reactions may change in line with the hedonic experience of the event when an individual has time to make sense of the inconsistency. Finally, new frameworks have been proposed to unite a broad range of phenomena under one, unifying umbrella, using the concept of cognitive consistency as a common denominator.
Coordination and learning in Wikipedia : revisiting the dynamics of exploitation and exploration

The evolution of Wikipedia betrays an increasing reliance on policies and guidelines, signalling certain stabilisation in the knowledge making processes underlying the encyclopaedia. We interpret such a state of affairs as reflecting the need to provide a few principles and guidelines of coordination, in a context that has otherwise been marked by vast diversity, high membership turnover and the lack of traditional exploitative structures. Rather than reflecting bureaucratisation and a shift away from its constitutive principles, the consolidation of these coordinative mechanisms further embeds the distinctive profile of knowledge making processes characteristic of the online encyclopaedia. They reinforce the diversity of the collective (rather than individual capabilities and skills) as the primary source of knowledge and render the mechanisms of harvesting that diversity and assembling it to a reasonable knowledge output key means of social learning.
Normalizing Early English Letters to Present-day English Spelling

This paper presents multiple methods for normalizing the most deviant and infrequent historical spellings in a corpus consisting of personal correspondence from the 15th to the 19th century. The methods include machine translation (neural and statistical), edit distance and rule-based FST. Different normalization methods are compared and evaluated. All of the methods have their own strengths in word normalization. This calls for finding ways of combining the results from these methods to leverage their individual strengths.
Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems

Individuals die, populations disappear, and species become extinct. That is one view of the world. But another view of the world concentrates not so much on presence or absence as upon the numbers of organisms and the degree of constancy of their numbers. These are two very different ways of viewing the behavior of systems and the usefulness of the view depends very much on the properties of the system concerned. If we are examining a particular device designed by the engineer to perform specific tasks under a rather narrow range of predictable external conditions, we are likely to be more concerned with consistent nonvariable performance in which slight departures from the performance goal are immediately counteracted. A quantitative view of the behavior of the system is, therefore, essential. With attention focused upon achieving constancy, the critical events seem to be the amplitude and frequency of oscillations. But if we are dealing with a system profoundly affected by changes external to it, and continually confronted by the unexpected, the constancy of its behavior becomes less important than the persistence of the relationships. Attention shifts, therefore, to the qualitative and to questions of existence or not. Our traditions of analysis in theoretical and empirical ecology have been largely inherited from developments in classical physics and its applied variants. Inevitably, there has been a tendency to emphasize the quantitative rather than the qualitative, for it is important in this tradition to know not just that a quantity is larger than another quantity, but precisely how much larger. It is similarly important, if a quantity fluctuates, to know its amplitude and period of fluctuation. But this orientation may simply reflect an analytic approach developed in one area because it was useful and then transferred to another where it may not be. Our traditional view of natural systems, therefore, might well be less a meaningful reality than a perceptual convenience. There can in some years be more owls and fewer mice and in others, the reverse. Fish populations wax and wane as a natural condition, and insect populations can range over extremes that only logarithmic
Probabilistic load flow in systems with wind generation

A method for solving a probabilistic power flow that deals with the uncertainties of (i) wind generation, (ii) load and (iii) generation availability in power systems is proposed. Dependence between random variables has been considered. The method is based on the properties of cumulants of random variables. Cornish-Fisher expansion series are used to obtain the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the output variables. Multimodal CDF are obtained by convolutions, whose number has been minimised in order to decrease the computation requirements.
Stability of circular Poiseuille–Couette flow to axisymmetric disturbances

The stability of circular Poiseuille–Couette flow to axisymmetric disturbances is investigated theoretically. First, the governing circular Orr–Sommerfeld equation for linear perturbations is formulated and analysed asymptotically at large values of the Reynolds number. The existence of multiple regions of instability is predicted and their dependence upon radius ratio and inner cylinder velocity is determined explicitly. These findings are confirmed when the linear problem is solved numerically at finite Reynolds number and multiple neutral curves are found. The relevance of these results to the thread injection of medical implants is discussed, and it is shown how the linear modes are connected to nonlinear amplitude-dependent modes at high Reynolds number that exist for $O(1)$ values of the inner cylinder velocity.
The Analysis of Affecting Factors to the Export of Rattan Furniture Indonesia in the International Market

Rattan is among the leading commodities to Indonesia for almost 80% of the world's rattan filled by Indonesia. Furniture discussed here are the type of HS 940151 (Seat Of Rattan) and HS 940381 (Furniture Of Rattan). Applicability of government policy in 2011 by decree of the Minister of commerce 35 / M-DAG / PER / 11/2011, which contains about banning the export of raw rattan is expected to grow back the furniture industry had dimmed in the years before the enactment of the policy, so it is necessary analysis related which factors that give effect at rattan furniture trade. This research use approach of Gravity model and ratio of potential trade to know which countries can be expand for export. Factors that affect the export for HS 940151 are GDP per capita importer, GDP per capita Indonesia, economic distance, real exchange rate, price, and government policy. And then factors that affect the export for HS 940381 are GDP per capita importer, GDP per capita Indonesia, economic distance, and price. The potential countries to expand trade HS 940151 are Japan, Netherland, and Belgium. And for HS 940381 the potential countries are all countries in this research. Keyword: Export, Rattan Furniture, Gravity Model, Potential Trade
Study of Antimicrobials Use For Indoor Versus Outdoor Patients in Medicine Department At A Tertiary Care Hospital

This study was conducted to assess antimicrobials prescribing pattern in indoor and outdoor patients of medicine department. It was prospective, cross sectional, observational study. Data of first 1000 eligible consecutive case records during 3 months were considered. About 24% and 76% prescriptions were from indoor and outdoor patients respectively. Majority of indoor patients were from age group of 46-60 years whereas majority of outdoor patients were from age group of 31-45 years. Most frequently prescribed antimicrobial in indoor and outdoor patients was ceftriaxone injection (20.05%) and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid tablet (32.62%) respectively. Polypharmacy was observed in both groups. Parenteral antimicrobials were commonly prescribed in indoor patients (87.93%). Percentages of antimicrobials prescribed by brand names were 84.88% and 69.89% in indoor and outdoor patients respectively. More than 99% antimicrobial prescriptions of indoor and outdoor patients were from national list of essential medicines 2015. About 70% of antimicrobial prescriptions were rational. But maximum indoor prescriptions were made without microbial culture and sensitivity testing evidences (72.08%). Hence, they were not supported by hospital antibiotic policy. The number of antimicrobials prescribed by generic names was low in indoor patients and effort must be made to encourage prescribing by generic names.
Impact of UV-radiation on viability, photosynthetic characteristics and DNA of brown algal zoospores : implications for depth zonation

Measurements of photosynthesis, germination capacity and assessment of DNA damage were carried out in the laboratory to determine the effect of different conditions of ultraviolet (UV) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on zoospores of various large brown algae collected on Spitsbergen (Svalbard, High Arctic) and Tarifa (Cadiz, southern Spain). Results were correlated to in situ light conditions and indicated that zoospores suffer photoinhibition of photosynthesis, loss of viability and DNA damage in relation to the growth depth of parental sporophytes. At both sites, germination capacity of zoospores in species collected in deep waters was more strongly impaired after exposure to the same UV doses than in species from shallower waters. In general, zoospores exposed to PAR+UVA+UVB showed higher mortality rates than after exposure to PAR+UVA or PAR alone. For Laminaria digitata from Spitsbergen, it was found that the loss of zoospore viability is the result of DNA damage and photodamage of the photosynthetic apparatus. UVB irradiances occurring in southern Spain at water depths shallower than 7 m prevented the germination of spores of deep water Laminariales from this region.
Psychometric analysis of the UK Health and Safety Executive's Management Standards work-related stress Indicator Tool

Abstract Numerous tools have been developed that attempt to measure work-related stress and working conditions, but few practical instruments in the literature have been found to have a reliable psychometric factor structure. In the UK, the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Management Standards (MS) Indicator Tool is increasingly used by organizations to monitor working conditions that can lead to stress. In Health and Safety Executive (2004), a factor analysis was conducted demonstrating the reliability of the scales. However, the authors acknowledged that direct reassessment of the same factor structure was impossible as the questionnaire was split into two separate modules for data collection. Furthermore, the tool is designed to enable comparisons between as well as within organizations to take place, yet reliability has only previously been tested at the individual level. The current study is the first to examine the factor structure of the HSE MS Indicator Tool using organizational-level data. Data collected from 39 UK organizations (N=26,382) was used to perform a first-order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) on the original 35-item seven-factor measurement scale. The results showed an acceptable fit to the data for the instrument. A second-order CFA was also performed to test if the Indicator Tool contains a higher order uni-dimensional measure of work-related stress. These findings also revealed an acceptable fit to the data, suggesting that it may be possible to derive a single measure of work-related stress. Normative data comprising tables of percentiles from the organizational data are provided to enable employers to compare their organizational averages against national benchmarks.
The effect of angiotensin converting enzyme genotype on aerobic capacity following high intensity interval training

Obesity increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Physical activity can reduce T2DM and CVD risk, and increase aerobic capacity, a significant predictor of all-cause mortality and morbidity. High intensity interval training (HIIT) produces similar improvements in aerobic capacity to continuous moderate exercise (CME). Different genotypes of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) have been implicated in improving aerobic capacity and therefore predicted health. This study investigated the effects of different ACE genotypes on the impact of 6 weeks of HIIT on aerobic capacity, and thus health status. 20 young adults were recruited for this study; test subjects completed 6 weeks of HIIT 3 times a week. VO2max was tested to determine aerobic capacity pre- and post-HIIT and DNA collected from saliva for determination ACE genotype. After 6 weeks of HIIT there was no significant change in VO2max; when subjects were separated into responder categories, high responders significantly increased their aerobic capacity whilst there was a large but non-significant decrease in non-responders. Subjects carrying a D-allele showed a significant increase in VO2max following HIIT indicating specific ACE genotypes may be associated with differing VO2max responses. These preliminary results suggest that HIIT can significantly reduce the time required for exercise whilst still achieving notable improvements in aerobic capacity in high responders; they also indicate that ACE D-allele carriers who would not usually be expected to show large VO2max responses following CME may yield equivalent aerobic capacity improvements following HIIT, and thereby reduce their overall morbidity and mortality disease risk.
Inhibition of quorum sensing by compounds from two Eunicea species and synthetic saturated alkylglycerols

Background: the emergence of bacterial resistance has led to a search for new natural products as alternatives starting points to prevent and control diseases caused by microorganisms. Among the potential candidates were bioactive compounds from octocorals of the genus Eunicea due to their chemical structures and their wide range of biological activities. Objective: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the quorum sensing inhibition (QSI) and antibacterial activity of compounds previously isolated from two Eunicea species and synthesized alkylglycerols (AKG). Methods: the QSI of three nonpolar compounds and a mixture of AKGs from Eunicea were evaluated by a microtiter plate assay using Chromobacterium violaceum (ATCC 31532). Four naturally occurring, saturated, and enantiomerically pure AKGs, all of which were derived from the chiral precursor (R)-solketal, were synthesized from alkyl chains of 12, 14, 16 and 18 carbons, and their structures were spectroscopically verified by NMR, ESI-MS and optical rotation data. Their QSI by the disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against 14 clinical bacterial isolates in microtiter plates were determined. Results: cembradiene 1, the AKG mixture and AKG (2S)-3-O-dodecyl-1,2-propanediol 4 inhibit QS at the same concentration as kojic acid (10 µg/well or 20 µg/disc, respectively). In this study, the bioactive compounds 1, stearyl oleate 2, acylglycerol 3 and AKGs 4 and (2S)-3-O-tetradecyl-1,2-propanediol 5 showed in vitro IQS activity for the first time. Additionally, 4 and 5 displayed in vitro antibacterial activity against Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 32 µg/mL for both 4 and 5), Enterococcus faecalis (128 µg/mL and 64 µg/mL respectively), Micrococcus luteus (128 µg/mL for both) and Brevibacillus brevis (Bacillus brevis) (512 µg/mL and 64 µg/mL respectively). Conclusion: results suggest that natural compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 showed QSI, also 4 and 5 have antibacterial activity and they are an interesting alternative to continue researching their effect against pathogenic microorganisms.