Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal aberrations in UVB‐induced tumors of immunosuppressed mice

In immunocompromised individuals, such as organ transplant recipients, the risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is increased 60–250 fold, and there is an increased likelihood to develop aggressive, metastatic SCC. An understanding of the genes involved in SCC tumorigenesis is critical to prevent SCC‐associated morbidity and mortality. Mouse models show that different immunosuppressive drugs lead to SCCs varying in size, number, and malignant potential. In this study, we used mouse models that mimic adult transplant recipients to study the effect of immunosuppressive drugs and UV light on SCC development. UV‐induced tumors from six treatment groups, control, tacrolimus (Tac), rapamycin (Rap), cyclosporin (CsA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and Rap plus CsA, were evaluated by array comparative genomic hybridization. Mouse SCCs appear to show similar genomic aberrations as those reported in human SCCs and offer the ability to identify genomic changes associated with specific and combinatorial effects of drugs. Fewer aberrations were seen in tumors of mice treated with MMF or Rap. Tumors from Tac‐treated animals showed the highest number of changes. Calcineurin inhibitors (Tac and CsA) did not cluster together by their genomic aberrations, indicating their contribution to UV mediated carcinogenesis may be through different pathways. The combination treatment (Rap plus CsA) did not cluster with either treatment individually, suggesting it may influence SCC tumorigenesis via a different mechanism. Future studies will identify specific genes mapping to regions of aberration that are different between treatment groups to identify target pathways that may be affected by these drugs. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterotrimeric G Protein

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are signal transducers, attached to the cell surface plasma membrane, that connect receptors to effectors and thus to intracellular signaling pathways (1). Receptors that couple to G proteins communicate signals from a large number of hormones, neurotransmitters, chemokines, and autocrine and paracrine factors. After the first four G proteins (Gs, Gt, Gi, and Go) were identified by biochemical purification, a large number of G proteins and their subunits were identified by cDNA cloning (2). G proteins consist of three subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma. When signaling, they function in essence as dimers because the signal is communicated either by the Ga subunit or the Gbg complex. In most cases, Gbg subunits cannot be dissociated under nondenaturing conditions. Currently there are 20 known G, 6 G, and 11 G subunits. (from Science 2002;296:1636-9) Qeios · Definition, February 2, 2020
Framework for evaluating foreign exchange exposure management practices of non-financial companies: A managerial approach

Foreign currencies are an integral part of doing international business. Their role is often accepted as a necessity, while the significance of the risks associated with uncertain future exchange rates is dismissed. Previous studies have shown that actively managing foreign exchange (FX) exposure can be beneficial. Few studies, however, have comprehensively explored how to manage FX exposure. The purpose of this study is to examine the FX exposure management practices of non-financial companies involved in international business and ultimately to evaluate their practices. This study contributes to existing literature by outlining a framework for FX exposure management. Previous studies have been content to conclude FX management practices to vary significantly across companies, but this study asserts that sufficient similarities do exist for identifying common developmental paths. Identifying them enables evaluation and comparison of FX exposure management practices between companies. For managers the study includes a tool for self-evaluation and benchmarking purposes. The empirical part of the study gives an overview of the prevailing FX exposure management practices in Finnish non-financial companies. For the empirical part an online survey was conducted in between December 2010 and January 2011. 1110 Finnish non-financial companies were asked to participate out of which 86 applicable responses were received. This constituted overall a 7,7 % response rate. The results of the survey study showed that company size, quantity of FX exposure and the number of foreign currencies used by a company in its operations have positive relationships with the sophistication of prevailing FX exposure management practices. Still the study found that there are significant variations in managing practices of companies with similar FX exposure profiles. Overall performance evaluation was the most neglected component of FX exposure management.
Investigation of collaborative supply chain practices through integration, visibility and information sharing : theoretical and industry perspective

Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a continuously evolving phenomenon. Since its inception, SCM has progressively become more sophisticated with advances in supply chain integration (SCI) technology that have improved supply chain (SC) performance and organisational profitability. Despite the use of technology to support SCI, senior management recognises the increasing need for operational and strategic information visibility within and across the organisations of a supply chain (SC). Lack of information visibility is a major impediment in current SC practices.This deficiency constitutes the problem statement of this research. This research investigates the current practices of supply chain integration (SCI), supply chain visibility (SCV) and information sharing (IS) across various organisation dimensions (such as industry type and region of operations) and situational factors (such as functional strategies, criteria for framework development and operationalisation of SC issues in a collaborative environment). The objective of this research is to examine what the current practices of SCI, IS and SCV are across those organisational dimensions and situational factors, and to investigate how these practices can be sustained and improved in order to achieve competitive advantage. To understand the current state of SCI, IS and SCV operational and strategic aspects of this research, 52 variables were identified and grouped into six constructs. An industry-based survey was developed using these variables and constructs. Of the 52 variables, there are five core variables that include: supply chain integration, supply chain visibility, information sharing, level of understanding of SC partners’ information and the level of ability to influence SC partners’ activities. Empirical analysis is used to analyse behaviour and the relationship of the core variables to those situational factors and organisation dimensions. The results of the empirical analysis are reviewed against the existing SC literature and a number of research contributions are identified.
Optokinetic nystagmus in acoustic neuromas.

In 17 patients with operatively confirmed, mostly large acoustic neuromas, optokinetic nystagmus was analysed relative to the size of the tumour and its relation to the brain stem. In 6 patients optokinetic nystagmus was abnormal, and in these cases the tumour was large or very large, in most cases adherent to the brain stem. Abnormal optokinetic nystagmus is due to pressure by the tumour upon the pontine optokinetic centre. In 11 patients optokinetic nystagmus was normal; in 5 of these patients the tumour was small or medium-sized, in 6 large, but in only one case adherent to the brain stem. The test for optokinetic nystagmus is a simple procedure which is of importance in assessing the extent of the tumour and its relation to the brain stem, and it ought to be used as a routine in the otoneurological diagnosis of acoustic neuromas.
THE NEXUX BETWEEN FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, FOREIGN DEPOSITS, RETAIL BANKING AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION: THE JORDANIAN CASE

As a major part of the Jordanian financial system, this paper examines the banking sector at both the macro and micro levels. Based on the time period 1982-2015, and time series methodologies (co-integration, Vector Error Correction Model, and Granger Causality), the macrolevel analysis examines the impact of foreign exchange deposits on financial development. Using the Seemingly-Unrelated Regression (SUR), the micro-level aspect examines the impact of foreign exchange deposits and retail banking on the performance of banks in terms of their net interest margin and accounting performance. Finally, the fact that greater financial inclusion promotes credit to the private sector, we estimate an Ordered Probit Model to examine the determinants of financial inclusion in Jordan. We conclude that foreign exchange deposits reflect weak evidence in explaining the variability of bank credit. In other words, foreign exchange deposits do not promote financial development. The micro-level analysis, on the other hand, reveals that foreign exchange deposits and retail banking impact bank profitability in a positive manner. However, this impact (positive) comes only at the expense of widening net interest margins. Finally, the results reveal that higher income, better education, being a man, and being older are associated with greater levels of financial inclusion. Naturally, based on the empirical results, the paper outlines a number of recommendations whose aim is to promote financial development as well as the performance of the banking system.
A Secure Time Synchronization Protocol Against Fake Timestamps for Large-Scale Internet of Things

For large-scale Internet of Things (IoT), which located in the hostile environment where exists malicious nodes (MNs), the security of time synchronization is a critical and challenging issue. The malicious sensor nodes could decrease the accuracy of the whole network by broadcasting fake timestamp messages. In this paper, we propose a secure time synchronization model for large-scale IoT. In this model, a node utilizes its father node and grandfather node to detect the MN. By employing the model, a spanning tree topology which synchronizes to the reference nodes can be constructed hop by hop. Then a secure time synchronization protocol is developed to against fake timestamps, which adopts the secure model. We use NS2 as the simulation tool to evaluate our protocol, and compare the impact of fake timestamps in various circumstances with the pervious protocols TPSN and STETS. The experiment results show that our protocol is effective to prevent attacks from MNs.
Published International Classification of Retinoblastoma (ICRB) Definitions Contain Inconsistencies—An Analysis of Impact

Purpose: To determine the impact of subtle differences (most notably in their classification of group E eyes) in two published versions of the ICRB (Philadelphia and the Children's Hospital Los Angeles). Methods: Analysis of a series of 96 eyes with intra-ocular retinoblastoma. Results: The disparate criteria of the 2 published ICRB schemas affected group assignment of 5.2% of the eyes (25% of the group E eyes). Conclusion: Discrepancies need to be reconciled to ensure accurate and uniform application of the ICRB.
Effect of sterilization on bone morphogenetic protein

Demineralized bone matrix and bone morphogenetic protein have been used clinically to accelerate bone regeneration. However, the best method of sterilization has been the subject of controversy. Some investigators have used ethylene oxide, but others have reported that doses adequate for sterilization destroyed the osteoinductivity of demineralized bone matrix and that gamma irradiation was less harmful in this respect. We used partially purified bone morphogenetic protein and type‐I collagen to investigate the effects of sterilization by ethylene oxide and gamma irradiation on the activity of bone morphogenetic protein. Osteoinductivity was reduced considerably after sterilization by gamma irradiation at 2.5 Mrad and by ethylene oxide at 37°C for 4 hours and at 55°C for 1 hour; however, the reduction induced by ethylene oxide at 29°C for 5 hours was about half of the control values. This study showed that ethylene oxide at 29°C for 5 hours can be used clinically for sterilization of bone morphogenetic protein. We also investigated the effect of gamma irradiation on bone morphogenetic protein and the collagen carrier separately and found that collagen was far more labile than bone morphogenetic protein.
Dissemination and Utilization of Market Information System by Farmers for Gram Crop in Bhiwani District of Haryana, India

Marketing Information Systems as an interacting structure of people, equipments and procedures to gather sort, analyze, evaluate and distribute, timely and accurate information for use by marketing decision makers to improve their marketing planning, implementation, and control. Marketing Information System has four parts, which are Internal Records, Marketing Intelligence, Marketing Research, and Marketing Decision Support System (MDSS). Internal records are the most used information in all the companies around the world such as reports of orders, sales, prices, costs, inventory levels, receivables, payables and so on. Market intelligence system is a set of procedures and sources used by managers to obtain their everyday information about pertinent developments in the marketing environment (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). In addition study indicated that the illiteracy levels of farmers coupled with limited access or no access to electronic devices, led to unawareness of modern electronic devices which are more accurate and with in less time help in marketing process than traditional means of methods/measurements. The use of electronics devices in the markets could only reduce the marketing. The electronic balance/scale, electronic display and use of International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 4 (2017) pp. 58-65 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Viral determinants of age-dependent virulence of Sindbis virus for mice

Many alphaviruses cause more severe disease in young animals than in older animals. The age-dependent resistance to severe disease is determined primarily by maturation of the host, but strains of virus can be selected that overcome the increased resistance of mature animals. Sindbis virus (SV) strain AR339 causes fatal encephalitis in newborn mice and nonfatal encephalitis in weanling mice, whereas NSV, a neuroadapted strain of SV, causes fatal encephalitis in weanling as well as newborn mice. We have previously shown that the E2 glycoprotein of NSV contained His-55, whereas AR339 E2 had Gln-55 (S. Lustig, A. C. Jackson, C. S. Hahn, D. E. Griffin, E. G. Strauss, and J. H. Strauss, J. Virol. 62:2329-2336, 1988) and that SV with E2 containing Gly-172 was more virulent for newborn mice than SV with E2 containing Arg-172 (P. C. Tucker and D. E. Griffin, J. Virol. 65:1551-1557, 1991). Here we tested the virulence for both newborn and older mice of SV containing a number of different amino acids at E2 position 55 (His, Gln, Lys, Arg, Glu, Gly) in combination with both Gly-172 and Arg-172. All the viruses were virulent for newborn mice, but the residues at both 55 and 172 influenced the virulence of the virus, and there were differences in virulence observed among the various viruses. However, only viruses with His-55 were fully virulent for 14-day-old mice, and this virulence was independent of the residue at position 172. Virus with Lys-55 was virulent for 7-day-old mice, although slightly attenuated relative to His-55. Viruses with His-55 grew more rapidly and to higher titer in the brains of 7- and 14-day-old mice, in N18 neuroblastoma cells, and in BHK cells. Our data suggest that His-55 is important for neurovirulence in older mice and acts by increasing the efficiency of virus replication.
Enhancing Privacy Management on Social Network Services

In the recent years, social network services, such as Facebook or LinkedIn, have experienced an exponential growth. People enjoy their functionalities, such as sharing photos, finding friends, looking for jobs, and in general, they appreciate the social benefits that social networks provide. However, as using social network has become routine for many people, privacy breaches that may occur in social network services have increased users' concerns. For example, it is easy to find news about people being fired because of something they shared on a social network. To enable people define their privacy settings, service providers employ simple access controls which usually rely exclusively on lists or circles of friends. Although these access controls are easy to configure by average users, research literature points out that they are lacking elements, such as tie strength, that play a key role when users decide what to share and with whom. Additionally, despite the simplicity of current access controls, research on privacy on social media reports that people still struggle to effectively control how their information flows on these services. To provide users with a more robust privacy framework, related literature proposes a new paradigm for access controls based on relationships. In contrast to traditional access controls where permissions are granted based on users and their roles, this paradigm employs social elements such as the relationship between the information owner and potential viewers (e.g., only my siblings can see this photo). Access controls that follow this paradigm provide users with mechanisms for disclosure control that represent more naturally how humans reason about privacy. Furthermore, these access controls can deal with specific issues that social network services present. Specifically, users often share information that concerns many people, especially other members of the social network. In such situations, two or more people can have conflicting privacy preferences; thus, an appropriate sharing policy may not be apparent. These situations are usually identified as multiuser privacy scenarios. Since relationship based access controls are complex for the average social network user, service providers have not adopted them. Therefore, to enable the implementation of such access controls in current social networks, tools and mechanisms that facilitate their use must be provided. To that aim, this thesis makes five contributions: (1) a review of related research on privacy management on social networks that identifies pressing challenges in the field, (2) BFF, a tool for eliciting automatically tie strength and user communities, (3) a new access control that employs communities, individual identifiers, tie strength, and content tags, (4) a novel model for representing and reasoning about multiuser privacy scenarios, employing three types of features: contextual factors, user preferences, and user arguments; and, (5) Muppet, a tool that recommends sharing policies in multiuser privacy scenarios.
Allograft-induced arterial wall injury and response in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The role of genetically determined immune attack and blood pressure in graft rejection-induced arterial wall injury and response was assessed by studying the compliance and changes in wall structure of aortic isografts and allografts in normotensive (Wistar-Kyoto [WKY]) and hypertensive (spontaneously hypertensive [SHR]) rats. Six groups of 8-week-old rats were compared: sham-operated in both strains, isografts, and allografts between the two strains (SHR aortas grafted in WKYs, designated SWs; WKY aortas grafted in SHRs, designated WSs; isografts in SHRs, designated SSs; and isografts in WKYs, designated WWs). Each arterial graft was studied 8 weeks after transplantation for volume and compliance (pressures of 75-175 mm Hg) under basal conditions. The amounts of collagen, elastin, and nuclei in the media and intima of the walls of control and grafted aortas were quantified morphometrically. Isografts and controls had the same mechanical characteristics under basal conditions: the arterial volume and arterial compliance of hypertensive rats were lower than those of normotensive rats (p less than 0.001). Allografts had a greater initial volume (p less than 0.001) and a lower compliance (p less than 0.001) than did isografts. Allografts in SHRs (SSs) were initially dilated, whereas allografted WKYs (WWs) were not. There was intimal proliferation in hypertensive isografts (14 +/- 0.77 microns) and in both types of allografts (WS, 69 +/- 1.55 microns; SW, 44 +/- 1.81 microns); nucleus density was higher in hypertensive allografts (WS) than in normotensive allografts (SW); and collagen density was also higher in SW than in WS allografts. Allografts had decreased medial thickness and decreased smooth muscle cell density. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The two faces of Janus? Anxiety and enjoyment in the foreign language classroom

The present study investigates Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE) and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety (FLCA) in the classroom. Participants were 1746 current FL learners from around the world. We used a measure of FLE, based on Likert scale ratings of 21 items (Dewaele & MacIntyre, 2014), and a measure of FLCA based on 8 items extracted from the FLCAS (Horwitz, Horwitz, & Cope, 1986). Statistical analyses revealed that levels of FLE were significantly higher than those of FLCA. FLE and FLCA were linked to a number of independent variables: participants’ perception of their relative level of proficiency within the FL classroom, number of languages known, education level, number of FLs under study, age group and general level of the FL (ranging from lower-intermediate to advanced). Female participants reported both more FLE and more FLCA. Cultural background of participants also had a significant effect on their scores. Participants’ views on episodes of enjoyment in the FL class revealed the importance of teachers’ professional and emotional skills and of a supportive peer group. Many participants mentioned the moment at which they realised that their long effort in mastering an aspect of the FL paid off.
Multifactor Capital Asset Pricing Models

In this dissertation I deal with three aspects of asset pricing. First, I analyze international bank stock returns and show the existence of a bank specific industry effect. Second, I explain parts of the size and the value factor of the Fama-French model by default and disaster risk. Third, I develop a new rational inattention based model for asset pricing and with the help of this model I challenge the notion of market efficiency by a concept of attention driven efficiency.