Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-Negative Latent Factor Model Based on β-Divergence for Recommender Systems

Non-negative latent factor (NLF) models well represent high-dimensional and sparse (HiDS) matrices filled with non-negative data, which are frequently encountered in industrial applications like recommender systems. However, current NLF models mostly adopt Euclidean distance in their objective function, which represents a special case of a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{\beta }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-divergence function. Hence, it is highly desired to design a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{\beta }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-divergence-based NLF (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{\beta }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-NLF) model that uses a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{\beta }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-divergence function, and investigate its performance in recommender systems as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{\beta }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> varies. To do so, we first model <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{\beta }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-NLF’s learning objective with a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{\beta }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-divergence function. Subsequently, we deduce a general single latent factor-dependent, non-negative and multiplicative update scheme for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{\beta }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-NLF, and then design an efficient <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{\beta }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-NLF algorithm. The experimental results on HiDS matrices from industrial applications indicate that by carefully choosing the value of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{\beta }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{\beta }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-NLF outperforms an NLF model with Euclidean distance in terms of accuracy for missing data prediction without increasing computational time. The research outcomes show the necessity of using an optimal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{\beta }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-divergence function in order to achieve the best performance of an NLF model on HiDS matrices. Hence, the proposed model has both theoretical and application significance.
CÁLCULO DE BIOMASA AÉREA Y CARBONO CAPTURADO DE LA RESERVA YANACOCHA A TRAVÉS DE IMÁGENES SATELITALES

El aumento de los gases de efecto invernadero dan como resultado el cambio climático, siendo el dióxido de carbono uno de los que se produce en mayor cantidad. Los bosques juegan un papel primordial en el ciclo de carbono, ya que estos lo almacenan en la vegetación y lo fijan en el suelo. La preservación de los bosques, así como la fijación de carbono puede constituir valoraciones económicas ambientales a base de sistema de pago internacional. En el presente proyecto se calculó la biomasa y el carbono capturado de la reserva biológica Yanacocha con ayuda de una imagen satelital RadipEye del año 2010 proporcionada por el Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería, Acuacultura y Pesca (MAGAP) con una resolución de 5 m. Realizando una clasificación no supervisada, clasificación supervisada, cálculo del índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada (NDVI), para obtener los lugares de muestreo y establecer parcelas para recolección de datos. Se usaron ecuaciones alométricas para cada tipo de bosque teniendo como resultado 10,88 tn/ha para bosque siempre verde montano y 24,4 tn/ha de bosque de Polylepis pauta. Se determinó la cantidad de carbono por cada tipo de bosque según el grupo Intergubernamental de expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC) consiguiendo 5,44 tnC/ha y 12,2 tnC/ha respectivamente. Se concluyó que el NDVI es un índice de vegetación valido para vegetaciones boscosas mas no para vegetaciones arbustivas pequeñas y de pajonal como se encontró en la zona de estudio, ya que estas daban como resultado un bajo nivel de vigorosidad de la vegetación.
Doctors in Hospitals: Medical Staff Organization and Hospital Performance

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Spectral Properties of the Finite Hilbert Transform on Two Adjacent Intervals Via the Method of Riemann-Hilbert Problem

In this dissertation, we study a self-adjoint integral operator K̂ which is defined in terms of finite Hilbert transforms on two adjacent intervals. These types of transforms arise when one studies the interior problem of tomography. The operator K̂ possesses a so-called “integrable kernel” and it is known that the spectral properties of K̂ are intimately related to a 2×2 matrix function Γ(z;λ) which is the solution to a particular Riemann-Hilbert problem (in the z plane). We express Γ(z;λ) explicitly in terms of hypergeometric functions and find the small λ asymptotics of Γ(z;λ). This asymptotic analysis is necessary for the spectral analysis of the finite Hilbert transform on multiple adjacent intervals. We show that Γ(z;λ) also has a jump in the λ plane which allows us to compute the jump of the resolvent of K̂. This jump is an important step in showing that the finite Hilbert transforms has simple and purely absolutely continuous spectrum. The well known spectral theory now allows us to construct unitary operators which diagonalize the finite Hilbert transforms. Lastly, we mention some future directions which include the many interval scenario and a bispectral property of K̂.
The Prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes and Other Altered Glucose States in Acute Hospital Admissions in Ireland.

Background: The prevalence of altered glucose states are rising exponentially due to population ageing, decreased physical activity and increasing obesity levels (WHO, 2005). Altered glucose states are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and place a major financial burden on healthcare budgetary resources (Rubin et al, 1994). Hospitalisation costs, to treat the avoidable complications of diabetes, are the most significant contributor to the costs of diabetes related healthcare expenditure. This survey was undertaken to ascertain the prevalence of altered glucose states in acute, medical, hospital admissions and to estimate the cost of this care to the Irish healthcare system. Methods: A prospective survey of an unselected sample was undertaken in acute medical admissions to a Regional hospital in Ireland. Between June 1st 2005 and 17th December 2006, 1273 individuals were enrolled in this survey. Of these, 419 eligible individuals had a known or new diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose and a history of complication or risk factor for diabetes. Findings: 34% of individuals hospitalised in this cohort had an altered glucose state. Type 2 diabetes was the most prevalent and was recorded in 21%. Impaired glucose tolerance was the principal newly diagnosed altered glucose state identified in 38% of individuals. All combined altered glucose states and type 2 diabetes alone were more prevalent in males however, a new diagnosis following screening did nor vary according to gender. Individuals with an altered glucose state were also older with new IGT becoming more prevalent with age. This was in contrast to negative OGTT results which decreased with increased age. The cost of treating individuals in this cohort was estimated at €501,124 or €3,458,144 million, when applied to the total population of acute medical patients, admitted to this regional hospital. Conclusions: This study identified previously unavailable hospital admission data, for individuals requiring acute medical care in Ireland. In this study 34% of all acute medical hospital admissions had an altered glucose state. In addition, a significant number of individuals had a previously undiagnosed altered glucose state on admission. This study confirmed the significant cost of hospitalisation care, for altered glucose states in association with microvascular and macrovascular complications and the impact of this on the healthcare system.
Le Pléistocène supérieur marin (Tyrrhénien) en Crète nord-orientale (Grèce) / The Marine Upper Pleistocene (Tyrrhenian) in north-eastern Crete (Greece)

Resume Le littoral de la Crete nord-orientale est riche en formations marines attribuables au Tyrrhenien. Leur etude a permis de mettre en evidence trois hauts niveaux marins principaux au cours du dernier interglaciaire separes par des phases de developpement d'eolianites. Ces trois transgressions sont rapprochees des stades isotopiques 5.5 (125 ka), 5.3 (100 ka) et 5.1 (80 ka) ; les depots des deux premieres renferment Strombus bubonius Lmk, le fossile directeur du Tyrrhenien. Les altitudes relatives des littoraux correspondants impliquent des variations du taux de surrection des mouvements verticaux. Au cours de ces episodes transgressifs des variations rapides du niveau de la mer sont reperees par des placages de vermets sur des sediments de facies plus profonds et par des encoches sur le substratum. La stratigraphie du Tyrrhenien cretois eclaire celle du Tyrrhenien du Peloponnese longtemps distribue en Eutyrrhenien et Neotyrrhenien. Les sites attribues a ce dernier en Elide et en Laconie presentent les caracteristiques morphostratigraphiques du deuxieme episode cretois et appartiendraient donc au stade isotopique 5.3.
Revisiting Asymmetry for the Decaying Phases of El Nino and La Nina

Abstract This study investigated the relationship between the asymmetry in the duration of El Niño and La Nina and the length of their decaying phases. The results suggested that the duration asymmetry comes from the long decaying ENSO cases rather than the short decaying ones. The evolutions of short decaying El Niño and La Nina are approximately a mirror image with a rapid decline in the following summer for the warm and cold events. However, a robust asymmetry was found in long decaying cases, with a prolonged and re-intensified La Nina in the following winter. The asymmetry for long decaying cases starts from the westward extension of the zonal wind anomalies in a mature winter, and is further contributed to by the air-sea interaction over the tropical Pacific in the following seasons.
No magic bullets: a mixed methods case study to evaluate the implementation of an e-health system designed to support evidence-based practice in primary and community care settings.

The literature on e-health systems is frequently characterised by reports of success accompanied by the promise of a bright future, but the future never seems to arrive. The story of health informatics in England over the last decade has been dominated by the NHS National Programme for IT. One element of that programme is the Map of Medicine, a software tool designed to deliver evidence-based clinical knowledge from authoritative sources. Although the system had been made available to users across the NHS, very little was known about whether health professionals actually used it. The aim of this project was to undertake a mixed methods case study to evaluate the implementation of the Map of Medicine in primary and community care settings. The main findings from the quantitative phase of the case study were that around half of the GPs and around a quarter of Community health staff used the system. The findings from the qualitative phase indicated some marked differences between the two groups in terms of why they did, or did not, use the system. Normalisation Process Theory was used as a lens to understand how practices became embedded, or failed to become embedded, into their social context. It is concluded that emphasising the technical aspects of system implementation at the expense of the social aspects probably accounted for much of the variation in use, but there are no simple project management checklists that can guarantee successful implementation. Finally, the implications are considered. Policy makers need to take account of the social factors when implementing e-health systems, to recognise that it can take a long time for systems to become normalised and that there are risks from withdrawing project support before changes in working practices have become embedded. The health informatics profession needs to become more evidence-based, and the evaluation of e-health should play the same role as clinical audit does for the medical profession.
Shadows On The Wasteland

An account of the 1350-mile coast-to-coast crossing of Antarctica by Ranulph Fiennes and Mike Stroud. It took 95 days on foot, unsupported by men, dogs or machines, enduring temperatures as low as minus 85 degrees Celsius. Stroud, a survival consultant, also offers a portrait of his co-adventurer.
Effect of Twelve Weeks Supervised Aerobic Exercise on Ulcer Healing and Changes in Selected Biochemical Profiles of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Subjects

Background and Objectives: Diabetes and diabetic complications represent a significant burden for the patients, their families and the society at large. This study evaluated the effect of aerobic exercise on diabetic ulcer healing and changes in selected biochemical profiles of individuals with diabetic foot ulcer. Methododology: The study employed a pretest-posttest randomized control trial design. Sixty one (61) subjects including 31 males and 30 females with diabetic foot ulcers were recruited to the study and were randomized using the pitcher bowl method to either receive the aerobic exercise with bicycle ergometer (Group One) or not (Group Two) but placed on their routine treatment alone. The study was carried out at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi. Subjects reported to the clinic 3times a week and both groups were assessed for baseline data which included BMI, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and wound size area measurements. The follow up evaluations were done on a 2 weekly basis for the twelve weeks period. Initial aerobic exercise intensity was based on 60% of maximum heart rate (HR) achieved on a stress test. Each subject was progressed to 85% of the value for the twelve weeks. Results: The group one subjects had a significant decrease in wound size area after the intervention with p value = 0.001** (26.45±9.46 and 17.7±7.23) baseline for group one and two after intervention (1.97 ±4.17 and 7.93 ±4.08), the duration of diabetes were significantly correlated with percentage wound size reduction, (p = 0.37** and 0.037) after 4th week intervention. The study showed that fasting plasma glucose was significantly different but the total cholesterol level was not different in the experimental group compared to the non experimental group (p values = 0.03** and 0.56) post intervention. Conclusions: The study suggests that supervised aerobic exercise program should be an essential component of the treatment plan for patients with diabetic foot ulcer. Future studies should consider randomized control trial with a longitudinal design, incorporating sophisticated wound assessment tool, to rule out inaccurate measurements.
The utility of onion extract gel containing topical allantoin and heparin after surgical treatment of upper extremity burn scars

Background: The development of hypertrophic scars after burns can lead to esthetic as well as functional disorders. The aim of the study was to determine the functional and cosmetic effects of Contractubex® (onion extract, heparin, allantoin) gel applied in burn scar patients after surgery for scar excision and skin grafts. Patients and Methods: The study included seven male patients who presented to our clinic between 2005 and 2012 for the treatment of hypertrophic burn scar and were administered either single or combined medical hypertrophic scar treatments. Patients who had scars on the right upper extremity were included in group 1 and those with left upper extremity scars in group 2. In group 1, all scars were excised and closed with medium thickness skin graft. After surgery, the onion extract gel was applied to the right upper extremities. In group 2, only surgical treatment was applied. The results were evaluated with Vancouver scar scale. Results: Vascularity, flexibility, and height of the scars improved significantly in both groups. In addition, hyperpigmentation was observed on the skin grafts of all patients. Scar flexibility was less often observed in patients’ left upper extremities. However, no statistical difference between groups 1 and 2 was found. Conclusion: Although no significant difference was obtained with Contractubex gel treatment in this study, cosmetic and functional success can be achieved through excision of the scar and use of medium thickness skin graft in patients with upper extremity hypertrophic burn scarring that is resistant to conservative treatments.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs about HIV/AIDS and People Living with HIV among Medical Students at Qassim University in Saudi Arabia

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a global health problem. Since Saudi Arabia is becoming more open to the world, it is important to assess future doctors’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding HIV/AIDS and people living with HIV (PLHIV). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 204 male medical students of Qassim University who answered a self-administered questionnaire about HIV KAPs. Results: The mean HIV knowledge (HK) and attitude scores were 11.62 (64.5%) and 37.82 (67.5%), respectively. Positive correlations were observed between HK and attitude (r = 0.266) and HK and academic year (r = 0.277). No significant correlation was found between attitude and academic year (r = 0.097). More than half of the students exhibited ignorance about some modes of transmission such as deep kissing and vertical transmission. Around 81% of the students stated that they would not visit the homes of friends with HIV-infected members. Furthermore, 73.1% of the participants indicated that they would not provide care to HIV-positive relatives in their own homes. Conclusions: The findings show a modest level of HK and negative attitudes toward PLHIV. The study identified the main knowledge gaps in the transmission and prevention of HIV. Educational institutions should tailor their educational approach based on the identified gaps, which might help to ease the stigma and negative attitudes.
Potential antitumor activity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in experimental animals

Objectives: Although there is evidence that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) (e.g., celecoxib [Cxb]) can reduce the occurrence of cancer, the precise mechanism remains under study. The current study aimed to investigate the possible antitumor activity of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on solid tumors, its effect on antioxidant status, and ability to prevent angiogenesis. Materials and Methods: Solid carcinomas were induced in female Swiss albino mice. Fifty adult female mice were randomly selected and categorized into five groups. The effects of Cxb on hepatic oxidative parameters and the serum level of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) were investigated in parallel to liver histopathological examinations. Biochemical measurements of hepatic malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, hepatic catalase (CAT) activity, and reduced glutathione (GSH) were estimated in liver homogenates prepared from mice in each study group. Results: The induction of solid tumors in female albino mice was associated with a significant elevation in hepatic lipid peroxidation, whereas the activity of antioxidant enzyme NSAID and CAT was significantly decreased. The level of reduced GSH was decreased. Serum levels of VEGF were significantly increased in tumor-bearing mice compared with normal control mice. These changes were ameliorated when mice were treated with Cxb either before or after the induction of tumors. Antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased, and the serum level of VEGF was significantly reduced compared with the levels in tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: Cxb exerts antitumor activity through antioxidative and antiangiogenic activities.
Inflammation appears as high Prostate Imaging–Reporting and Data System scores on prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) leading to false positive MRI fusion biopsy

Purpose To investigate if inflammation as a potential cause of false-positive lesions from recent UroNav magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fusion prostate biopsy patients. Materials and Methods We retrospectively identified 43 men with 61 MRI lesions noted on prostate MRI before MRI ultrasound-guided fusion prostate biopsy. Men underwent MRI with 3T Siemens TIM Trio MRI system (Siemens AG, Germany), and lesions were identified and marked in DynaCAD system (Invivo Corporation, USA) with subsequent biopsy with MRI fusion with UroNav. We obtained targeted and standard 12-core needle biopsies. We retrospectively reviewed pathology reports for inflammation. Results We noted a total of 43 (70.5%) false-positive lesions with 28 having no cancer on any cores, and 15 lesions with cancer noted on systematic biopsy but not in the target region. Of the men with cancer, 6 of the false positive lesions had inflammation in the location of the targeted region of interest (40.0%, 6/15). However, when we examine the 21/28 lesions with an identified lesion on MRI with no cancer in all cores, 54.5% had inflammation on prostate biopsy pathology (12/22, p=0.024). We noted the highest proportion of inflammation. Conclusions Inflammation can confound the interpretation of MRI by mimicking prostate cancer. We suggested focused efforts to differentiate inflammation and cancer on prostate MRI.
Effect of workshop training on midwives' communication skills and maternal satisfaction in maternity block

Context: Communication skills have an important role in people satisfactions. Mothers' satisfactions with midwives' communication skills can make an appropriate setting in order to achieve psychological and physical health of mothers. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of training workshop on midwives' communication skills and mothers' satisfaction in maternity unit. Setting and Design: This semi-experimental study was done with participation of 40 midwives in maternity unit and 100 mothers in postnatural delivery ward in Mahdieh Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 2016. Materials and Methods: Sampling was done by census method for midwives and by available method for mothers. Two sessions of communication skills workshop were performed for mothers in two consecutive days. Midwives' communication skills were assessed by Jerabek questionnaire and mothers' satisfaction was measured by satisfaction with communication questionnaire before intervention and 4 weeks later. Statistical Analysis Used: Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, frequency, mean, standard deviation, pair and independent t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used for data analysis. Results: Before intervention, mean and standard deviation for midwives' communication skills was 99.44 ± 9.19 and for mothers' satisfaction was 61.88 ± 17.8. After communication skills training workshop, midwives' communication skill raised to 139.62 ± 7.13 (P = 0.002) and mothers' satisfaction increased to 88.68 ± 12.79 (P = 0.003). Conclusion: Communication skill training to midwives may have a positive effect on mothers' satisfaction. Thus, integrating communication skills training in continuing midwifery education program is suggested.