Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CNT Reinforced Hybrid Microgels as Scaffold Materials for Cell Encapsulation

Hydrogels that mimic biological extracellular matrix (ECM) can provide cells with mechanical support and signaling cues to regulate their behavior. However, despite the ability of hydrogels to generate artificial ECM that can modulate cellular behavior, they often lack the mechanical strength needed for many tissue constructs. Here, we present reinforced CNT-gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hybrid as a biocompatible, cell-responsive hydrogel platform for creating cell-laden three dimensional (3D) constructs. The addition of CNTs successfully reinforced GelMA hydrogels without decreasing their porosity or inhibiting cell growth. The CNT-GelMA hybrids were also photopatternable allowing for easy fabrication of microscale structures without harsh processes. NIH-3T3 cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) readily spread and proliferated after encapsulation in CNT-GelMA hybrid microgels. By controlling the amount of CNTs incorporated into the GelMA hydrogel system, we demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the hybrid material can be tuned making it suitable for various tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, due to the high pattern fidelity and resolution of CNT incorporated GelMA, it can be used for in vitro cell studies or fabricating complex 3D biomimetic tissue-like structures. Correspondence to: Ali Khademhosseini. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, alik@rics.bwh. harvard.edu (A. Khademhosseini). 1These authors contributed equally to this work. Supporting Information Available: AFM images, Raman spectra, Optimization of UV exposure time for cell encapsulation, CNT toxicity test and cell adhesion on hydrogels. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs. org. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript ACS Nano. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 January 24. Published in final edited form as: ACS Nano. 2012 January 24; 6(1): 362–372. doi:10.1021/nn203711s. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript
A REVIEW ON RHEOLOGY OF NON-NEWTONIAN PROPERTIES OF BLOOD

Human blood is composed of red cells, white blood cells, and platelets in a fluid called plasma that contains organic and mineral salts and protein. The rheological characteristics of blood are determined by the properties of these combinations and their interaction with each other. The plasma is essentially a Newtonian fluid, but the blood as a whole behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid showing all signs of non-Newtonian rheology including deformation rate dependency, viscoelasticity, yield stress, and thixotropy. The purpose of this study is mainly a review based on past work on blood rheology, determinants of blood viscosity, yield stress, thixotropy, blood viscosity measurement, and heat transfer in blood flow to better understand the non-Newtonian effect in the blood circulation system. ABSTRAK: Darah manusia terdiri daripada sel-sel merah, sel darah putih dan platlet dalam cecair yang dipanggil plasma, mengandungi garam organik dan mineral dan protein. Ciri-ciri sifat reologi darah ditentukan oleh sifat-sifat kombinasi ini dan interaksi antara satu sama lain. Plasma adalah pada dasarnya Newtonian cecair tetapi secara keseluruhannya darah bersifat sebagai bukan suatu cecair Newtonian yang menunjukkan tanda-tanda bukan Newtonian reologi, mengandungi pergantungan kadar ubah bentuk, kelikatkenyalan, tegasan alah dan thixotropi. Tujuan kajian ini adalah berkenaan ulasan kajian-kajian lepas berkaitan rheology darah, penentu viskositi darah, tegasan alah dan thixotropi, ukuran kelikatan darah dan pemindahan haba dalam aliran darah bagi memahami kesan bukan Newtonian dalam sistem peredaran darah.
In the vanguard of openness : Can KIBS substitute their internal innovation capabilities ?

Helping other firms to innovate, knowledge intensive business services (KIBS) are studied heavily for their role as knowledge brokers. Less often, scholars have examined how innovation within those companies is affected by the fact that they are so open. A particularly interesting issue is the connection between openness and the need to develop in-house innovation activities. Inspired by the notion of the innovation value chain, recent studies started to assess the relevance of external parties during the distinct phases in which knowledge is translated into business value. For inherently open firms like KIBS, it remains unclear to what extent internal innovation capabilities are still needed when there are possibilities to rely on the knowledge and competences of others. Building on a literature review and one in-depth case study, we argue that a KIBS? internal capabilities for achieving service innovation lose their value as the KIBS engages in higher degrees of openness. Since external partners can particularly contribute to the explorative and exploitative aspects of service innovation, it solely remains valuable to have an internal capability for the intermediate translation of raw ideas into marketable service propositions. Regression analyses on survey-data from 142 Dutch KIBS show that openness indeed only has an interaction effect with the capability of conceptualizing. By contributing to literature on open service innovation, we demonstrate the existence of a functional limitation in substituting innovation capabilities for openness.
Dietary vitamin C supplementation on growth and haemato-biochemical parameters of Labeo rohita (Ham.) fingerlings

The cyprinid fish Labeo rohita was fed with vitamin C supplemented diet at varying dosage of no vitamin C (control), 500 mg kg (T1), 1000 mg kg (T2) and 1500 mg kg (T3) diets for 45 days. Growth (Specific growth rate), hematological parameters (red blood cell (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin), biochemical (blood glucose, total protein) were evaluated during experimental period on 15, 30, 45 days and challenge study was conducted with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria after 45 day and the samples were collected on 60 day. The group T2 had significantly higher RBC count on all the days of sampling followed by T1. WBC count were significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 group in all the days of sampling followed by T1 and T3. The PCV level in fish fed with supplemented diet containing vitamin C was insignificant (p<0.05) in T2 and T1 group up to 45 day, while group T2 showed increasing trend and was significant on 60 day. The hemoglobin content were significantly (p<0.05) higher on 30, 45 and 60 day in T2 group. Blood glucose level in T2 group showed significantly (p<0.05) higher value on the 15 day to 45 day. Protein level in T2 was significantly higher in all the days whereas, T2 was significant (p<0.05) on the 15 and 45 day. Vitamin C supplemented diet showed increasing specific growth rate than the control. The concentration 500 to 1000 mg kg -1 vitamin C was found to be optimum to increase haemato-biochemical parameter and growth in L. rohita under the present experimental conditions. The present results suggest that the dosage 1000 mg kg vitamin C has beneficial effect on growth haematobiochemical parameter of
WP / 18 / 259 The Intensive Margin in Trade

The Melitz model highlights the importance of the extensive margin (the number of firms exporting) for trade flows. Using the World Bank’s Exporter Dynamics Database (EDD) featuring firm-level exports from 50 countries, we find that around 50 percent of variation in exports is along the extensive margin—a quantitative victory for the Melitz framework. The remaining 50 percent on the intensive margin (exports per exporting firm) contradicts a special case of Melitz with Paretodistributed firm productivity, which has become a tractable benchmark. This benchmark model predicts that, conditional on the fixed costs of exporting, all variation in exports across trading partners should occur on the extensive margin. We find that moving from a Pareto to a lognormal distribution allows the Melitz model to match the role of the intensive margin in the EDD. We use likelihood methods and the EDD to estimate a generalized Melitz model with a joint lognormal distribution for firm-level productivity, fixed costs and demand shifters, and use “exact hat algebra” to quantify the effects of a decline in trade costs on trade flows and welfare in the estimated model. The welfare effects turn out to be quite close to those in the standard Melitz-Pareto model when we choose the Pareto shape parameter to fit the average trade elasticity implied by our estimated Melitzlognormal model, although there are significant differences regarding the effects on trade flows. JEL Classification Numbers: F1, F12
A Phylogenomic Supertree of Birds

It has long been appreciated that analyses of genomic data (e.g., whole genome sequencing or sequence capture) have the potential to reveal the tree of life, but it remains challenging to move from sequence data to a clear understanding of evolutionary history, in part due to the computational challenges of phylogenetic estimation using genome-scale data. Supertree methods solve that challenge because they facilitate a divide-and-conquer approach for large-scale phylogeny inference by integrating smaller subtrees in a computationally efficient manner. Here, we combined information from sequence capture and whole-genome phylogenies using supertree methods. However, the available phylogenomic trees had limited overlap so we used taxon-rich (but not phylogenomic) megaphylogenies to weave them together. This allowed us to construct a phylogenomic supertree, with support values, that included 707 bird species (~7% of avian species diversity). We estimated branch lengths using mitochondrial sequence data and we used these branch lengths to estimate divergence times. Our time-calibrated supertree supports radiation of all three major avian clades (Palaeognathae, Galloanseres, and Neoaves) near the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. The approach we used will permit the continued addition of taxa to this supertree as new phylogenomic data are published, and it could be applied to other taxa as well.
THE MANAGEMENT OF STDs FROM VENEREOLOGY TO SEXUAL HEALTH : NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND NEW THREATS

As we enter a new millennium, age-old problems of infectious diseases continue to plague us. Very few have been eliminated; many – e.g., tuberculosis – are increasing even faster than the terrifying increase of human populations. Such diseases are often inflated by that very increase – through overcrowding, poverty and environmental degradation. The end of the last millennium has also seen an unprecedented maelstrom of new or emergent diseases. Many of these, too, may have arisen in the context of modern social trends. Perhaps the most nightmarish is HIV disease. Unknown before the last two decades of the twentieth century, this currently incurable virus already infects . 50% of the ordinary young adult population in parts of subSaharan Africa and is spreading rapidly, especially in the poorer and more socially unstable parts of the world.
Lack of association between arterial oxygen tensions in horses during exploratory 1 coeliotomy and post-operative incisional complications : A retrospective study 2 3 4

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine if there was an association between the lowest arterial blood oxygen tensions (PaO2) measured during anaesthesia and post-operative incisional complications in horses. Clinical records of 278 horses undergoing ventral midline coeliotomy from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2013 were examined. The frequency of incisional complications was 32.0% (n = 89). In a multivariable model, intra-operative arterial blood oxygen tensions (PaO2) was not significantly associated with development of an incisional complication (P = 0.351). Using hypertonic (7.2%) saline (P = 0.028, OR 3.167, 95% CI 1.132-8.861), increasing total plasma protein concentration (TP) (P = 0.002, OR 1.061 per g/L, 95% CI 1.021-1.102), an intestinal resection (P < 0.001, OR 4.056, 95% CI 2.231-9.323), increasing body mass (P = 0.004, OR 1.004 per kg, 95% CI 1.001-1.006) and the use of penicillin alone compared with penicillin and gentamicin pre-operatively (P = 0.009, OR 4.145, 95% CI 1.568-10.958 ) increased the risk of incisional complications. The study was unable to demonstrate a link between low intra-operative PaO2 and increased risk of post-operative incisional complications. Lack of association between arterial oxygen tensions in horses during exploratory 1 coeliotomy and post-operative incisional complications: A retrospective study 2 3 4 Katherine Robson *, Peter Cripps, David Bardell 5 6 School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, 7 Neston, CH64 7TE, UK 8 9 10 11 12 * Corresponding author. Tel: +44 151 7956100. 13 E-mail address: knrobson@liv.ac. uk (K. Robson). 14 Manuscript Click here to view linked References
Ethics II : Mentoring , Collaboration , Peer Review , and Data Management and Ownership SUPPLEMENT

Purpose: In this series of articles—Research Ethics I, Research Ethics II, and Research Ethics III—the authors provide a comprehensive review of the 9 core domains for the responsible conduct of research (RCR) as articulated by the Office of Research Integrity. In Research Ethics II, the authors review the RCR domains of mentoring, collaboration, peer review, and data management and ownership. Method: They relied on authoritative documents, both historical and contemporary, insightful commentary, and empirical research in order to identify current issues and controversies of potential interest to both faculty and students. Conclusions: The authors close by urging readers to stay abreast of the manifold ethics issues facing today’s community of scientists, policymakers, and research institutions, and to adhere to best practices as they evolve.
Velocity of irregular particles continuously avalanching surface flow within rotating drum

Velocity of irregular particles is difficult to measure and analyze due to their irregular shape. A method of spatial filtering velocimetry is used to measure the velocity of particles on the surface of the rotating drum in the rolling mode. The image of the particle flow also shows that the surface is not a straight line but mound exists due to the accumulation of particles at the middle of the drum which influence the velocity profile. The variation of the velocity distribution of irregular particles with drum speeds, particle sizes, and drum diameters is presented and discussed in the paper. The results indicate that there were two velocity peaks in the velocity profile of irregular glass sand at a relatively lower rotating speed. Furthermore, with the increase of the drum speed, the middle valley in the profile gradually moves to the upper right and merges with the second velocity peak and there is only one peak in the velocity profile along streamwise direction of the bed surface consequently similar to spherical particles velocity profile.
New developments in the assessment of weight-related psychological inflexibility ( AAQW-Revised )

Experiential avoidance, defined as attempts to control or change unwanted internal experiences when doing so causes harm, has been consistently associated with physical and mental health problems and has been traditionally measured using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Several studies have highlighted the importance of developing content-specific measures to better capture relevant processes for specific populations. One such measure is the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Weight-Related Difficulties (AAQ-W), which measures experiential avoidance of unwanted weight related thoughts, feelings and actions. The AAQW factor structure still requires further examination. The present study aims to contribute to the further development of the AAQW by conducting a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on the existent factor structures and testing the measurement invariance across groups, through a multi-group analysis. Three distinct samples were used: the CFA used 215 women from the general population with BMI < 25 (sample 1); 210 overweight or obese treatment seeking (sample 2); AAQW’s temporal stability and sensitivity to change was assessed using a sample of 58 overweight and obese women enrolled in Kg-Free (sample 3). Results supported a revised and shorter version of the AAQW (10 items) that we call AAQW-R (revised) with a three-factor structure (food as control, weight as barrier to living, weight-stigma) that showed a good fit to the data. Also, the measurement invariance across groups was confirmed. Finally, AAQW-R proved to be a reliable, stable measure and sensitive to clinical changes. Overall, this study offers new advances in the assessment of weight-related experiential avoidance, proposing a revised version of the AAQW. Moreover, it provides evidence for the usefulness of the AAQW-R both in general and clinical populations. Key-words: weight-related experiential avoidance; confirmatory factor analysis; overweight and obesity; multi-group analysis;
The innovative disorder-The impact of social-knowledge redundancies on innovation

This working paper challenges the idea of redundancies in organizational structures as duplicating costs that can only serve as a fail-safe. The presence of redundancies can have a positive impact on the ability to innovate. Based on the adaptation of Kauffman's model to the technological landscape by Fleming and Sorenson (2001), two different types of innovations are considered: one that demands disruptive thinking and other that requires great information-processing capacity. By analyzing the dual structure of organizations, the knowledge space and social space where innovators are located in, two different structures are identified as deviations from the correspondence of distances: redundancies and cross-functional structures. While the first is observed when people with similar knowledge are far located in the social space, the second happens when inventors with very different knowledge works together. Using information on inventions patented by firms operating in the semi-conductor industry, it is found empirical evidence that supports the idea that cross-functional structures enhance the ability to innovate with low interdependent technologies, while organizational redundancies increase the capacity of innovating with complex technologies.
Loughborough University Institutional Repository An experimental study of satisfaction response : Evaluation of online collaborative learning

On the one hand, a growing amount of research discusses support for improving online collaborative learning quality, and many indicators are focused to assess its success. On the other hand, thinkLets for designing reputable and valuable collaborative processes have been developed for more than ten years. However, few studies try to apply thinkLets to online collaborative learning. This paper introduces thinkLets to online collaborative learning and experimentally tests its effectiveness with participants' responses on their satisfaction. Yield Shift Theory (YST), a causal theory explaining inner satisfaction, is adopted. In the experiment, 113 students from Universities in Beijing, China are chosen as a sample. They were divided into two groups, collaborating online in a simulated class. Then, YST in student groups under online collaborative learning is validated, a comparison study of online collaborative learning with and without thinkLets is implemented, and the satisfaction response of participants are analyzed. As a result of this comparison, YST is proved applicable in this context, and satisfaction is higher in online collaborative learning with thinkLets.
ANALYSIS OF THE MORPHO-ANATOMICAL TRAITS OF FOUR MAJOR GARLIC ( ALLIUM SATIVUM L . ) CULTIVARS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Cultivating garlic after the rice season has been increasingly att ractive for rice farmers in the Philippines especially in areas where rice production is constrained by water scarcity. In Mindoro, Philippines, garlic cultivars planted include ‘Mindoro White’ (MW), ‘Lubang’ (LB), ‘Batanes White’ (BW), and ‘Ilocos White’ (IW). This study provides an in-depth analysis of major local garlic cultivars for classification and for selection of those with improved adaptation and marketability. For classification, we focused on phenotypic stable traits. Among these traits analyzed, clove weight (p < 0.001) and number of bulb leaf sheaths (p < 0.05) were significantly different. While there were small differences in their clove number and bulb color, bulb circumference (p < 0.001) and weight (p < 0.01) were highly significant. BW has the largest bulb circumference (126.50 ± 1.88 mm) and weight (22.38 ± 0.94 g) while MW has the smallest (103.30 ± 1.57 mm) and is lightest (13.78 ± 0.50 g). Bivariate analysis revealed that the highest bulb circumference and weight values of MW population correspond to the lowest values of BW population suggesting that these cultivars are two distinct populations. This was further supported by classical clustering analysis that distinguished them by bulb circumference (87.12%), clove number (76.01%) and number of clove vascular structures (78.27%). Across cultivars, measurements of the epidermal and parenchymal cells significantly differed. Qualitative analysis of the bulb characteristics showed that BW exhibits a regular, multi-fan bulb structure with three layers of large cloves implying market attractiveness while IW’s distinctly tight clove’s skin indicates long storage
Evaluation of cases of pediatric extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a single center experience

Aim: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is observed more frequently and leads to complications with a higher rate in children compared with adults because the risk of lymphohematogen spread is higher. In this study, the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings and treatment outcomes were evaluated in pediatric patients who were followed up in our clinic with a diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Material and Methods: Seventy patients aged 0–18 years who were followed up with a diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis between 2008 and 2017 in the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases in our hospital were examined retrospectively. Results: The median age of the patients was 8,8 (range, 0,4–17) years and 47.1% were female (n=33). Twenty-seven patients (38.6%) were aged 0–4 years, 15 (21.4%) were aged 5–9 years, and 28 patients (40%) were aged 10–18 years. Forty-four patients (62.9%) were diagnosed as having extrapulmonary tuberculosis and 26 (37.1%) had pulmonary + extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis was extrathoracic lymphadenopathy, which was found in 22 patients (31.4%). The other patients were diagnosed as having musculoskeletal system tuberculosis (n=10, 14.3%), gastrointestinal system tuberculosis (n=9, 12.9%), miliary tuberculosis (n=8, 11.4%), intrathoracic lymphadenopathy (n=7, 10%), renal tuberculosis (n=6, 8.6%), central nervous system tuberculosis (n=5, 7.1%), and pleural tuberculosis (n=3, 4.3%). Among a total of 58 patients in whom tuberculin skin test and interferon gamma release tests were studied together, tuberculin skin test positivity (n=37, 63.8%) was found with a higher rate compared with interferon gamma release test positivity (n=32, 55.2%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.35). The median treatment period was 12 (range, 6–24) months. Among the patients whose treatments were terminated, improvement was observed in 52 patients (74.2%) and the development of sequela was observed in six patients (8.5%). Two patients who were diagnosed as having central nervous system tuberculosis (2.8%) died. Conclusion: Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data should be evaluated together when making a diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children. Interferon gamma release tests alone are not superior to tuberculin skin test, but should be considered to be used in combination in the diagnosis.