Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ball Grid Array Module With Integrated Shaped Lens for 5G Backhaul/Fronthaul Communications in F-Band

In this paper, we propose a ball grid array (BGA) module with an integrated 3-D-printed plastic lens antenna for application in a dedicated 130 GHz OOK transceiver that targets the area of 5G backhaul/fronthaul systems. The main design goal was the full integration of a small footprint antenna with an energy-efficient transceiver. The antenna system must be compact and cost effective while delivering an approximately 30 dBi gain in the working band, defined as 120 to 140 GHz. Accordingly, a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2 \times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array of aperture-coupled patch antennas was designed in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7 \times 7 \times 0.362$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm<sup>3</sup> BGA module as the feed antenna of the lens. This achieved a 7.8 dBi realized gain, broadside polarization purity above 20 dB, and over 55% total efficiency from 110 to 140 GHz (20% bandwidth). A plastic elliptical lens 40 mm in diameter and 42.3 mm in height was placed on top of the BGA module. The antenna achieved a return loss better than −10 dB and a 28 dBi realized gain from 114 to 140 GHz. Finally, active measurements demonstrated a >12 Gbps Tx/Rx link at 5 m with bit error rate (BER) < 10<sup>−6</sup> at 1.6 pJ/b/m. These results pave the way for future cost-effective, energy-efficient, high-data rate backhaul/fronthaul systems for 5G communications.
Psychosocial determinants of premature cardiovascular mortality differences within Hungary

Objectives: The life expectancy gap between Central-Eastern European (CEE) countries, including Hungary, and Western Europe (WE) is mainly attributable to excess cardiovascular (CV) mortality in midlife. This study explores the contribution of socioeconomic, work related, psychosocial, and behavioural variables to explaining variations of middle aged male and female CV mortality across 150 sub-regions in Hungary. Design: Cross sectional, ecological analyses. Setting: 150 sub-regions of Hungary. Participants and methods: 12 643 people were interviewed in Hungarostudy 2002 survey, representing the Hungarian population according to sex, age, and sub-regions. Independent variables were income, education, control in work, job insecurity, weekend working hours, social support, depression, hostility, anomie, smoking, body mass index, and alcohol misuse. Main outcome measures: Gender specific standardised premature (45–64 years) total CV, ischaemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular mortality rates in 150 sub-regions of Hungary. Results: Low education and income were the most important determinants of mid-aged CV mortality differences across sub-regions. High weekend workload, low social support at work, and low control at work account for a large part of variation in male premature CV mortality rates, whereas job insecurity, high weekend workload, and low control at work contribute most noticeably to variations in premature CV mortality rates among women. Low social support from friends, depression, anomie, hostility, alcohol misuse and cigarette smoking can also explain a considerable part of variations of premature CV mortality differences. Conclusion: Variations in middle aged CV mortality rates in a rapidly changing society in CEE are largely accounted for by distinct unfavourable working and other psychosocial stress conditions.
Prognostic Factors for Deterioration of Patients With Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy After Nonsurgical Treatment

Study Design. A prospective study involving 56 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) was conducted. Objective. To investigate the outcomes and prognostic factors for CSM after nonsurgical treatment. Summary of Background Data. The superiority of surgical treatment over nonsurgical treatment has not been confirmed in mild forms of CSM. Outcomes and prognostic factors for nonsurgical treatment of mild forms of CSM are not well understood. Methods. Clinical signs and symptoms of CSM were assessed by Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores. Nonsurgical treatment was selected for patients with mild forms of CSM (JOA ≥13 patients). Seventy patients with mild forms of CSM were enrolled in the study between 1995 and 2003. The follow-up rate was 80.0%. Prognostic factors that exacerbate clinical symptoms of CSM were examined, such as age, gender, follow-up period, developmental or dynamic factors on plain lateral radiograph, high signal intensity area on T2-weighted sagittal MRI, and the extent of maximum cord compression; partial or circumferential spinal cord compression, on axial MRI. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were carried out to test for significant prognostic factors. Results. There was, on average, no statistically significant deterioration in JOA scores after nonsurgical treatment. However, 11 of 56 patients deteriorated after nonsurgical treatment. The only factor that significantly exacerbated clinical symptoms of CSM was circumferential spinal cord compression in the maximum compression segment on axial MRI. Indeed, 10 of 33 CSM patients with circumferential spinal cord compression on axial MRI deteriorated after nonsurgical treatment. Conclusion. Outcomes of mild forms of CSM during nonsurgical treatment were generally good as shown by average JOA scores. The only prognostic factor for mild forms of CSM was circumferential spinal cord compression in the maximum compression segment on axial MRI. Surgical treatment can be considered for patients with this prognostic factor.
Precuneus functioning differentiates first-episode psychosis patients during the fantasy movie Alice in Wonderland

Background While group-level functional alterations have been identified in many brain regions of psychotic patients, multivariate machine-learning methods provide a tool to test whether some of such alterations could be used to differentiate an individual patient. Earlier machine-learning studies have focused on data collected from chronic patients during rest or simple tasks. We set out to unravel brain activation patterns during naturalistic stimulation in first-episode psychosis (FEP). Method We recorded brain activity from 46 FEP patients and 32 control subjects viewing scenes from the fantasy film Alice in Wonderland. Scenes with varying degrees of fantasy were selected based on the distortion of the ‘sense of reality’ in psychosis. After cleaning the data with a novel maxCorr method, we used machine learning to classify patients and healthy control subjects on the basis of voxel- and time-point patterns. Results Most (136/194) of the voxels that best classified the groups were clustered in a bilateral region of the precuneus. Classification accuracies were up to 79.5% (p = 5.69 × 10−8), and correct classification was more likely the higher the patient's positive-symptom score. Precuneus functioning was related to the fantasy content of the movie, and the relationship was stronger in control subjects than patients. Conclusions These findings are the first to show abnormalities in precuneus functioning during naturalistic information processing in FEP patients. Correlational findings suggest that these alterations are associated with positive psychotic symptoms and processing of fantasy. The results may provide new insights into the neuronal basis of reality distortion in psychosis.
Plasmodium berghei-Infected Primary Hepatocytes Process and Present the Circumsporozoite Protein to Specific CD8+ T Cells In Vitro1

A substantial and protective response against malaria liver stages is directed against the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and involves induction of CD8+ T cells and production of IFN-γ. CSP-derived peptides have been shown to be presented on the surface of infected hepatocytes in the context of MHC class I molecules. However, little is known about how the CSP and other sporozoite Ags are processed and presented to CD8+ T cells. We investigated how primary hepatocytes from BALB/c mice process the CSP of Plasmodium berghei after live sporozoite infection and present CSP-derived peptides to specific H-2Kd-restricted CD8+ T cells in vitro. Using both wild-type and spect−/− P. berghei sporozoites, we show that both infected and traversed primary hepatocytes process and present the CSP. The processing and presentation pathway was found to involve the proteasome, Ag transport through a postendoplasmic reticulum compartment, and aspartic proteases. Thus, it can be hypothesized that infected hepatocytes can contribute in vivo to the elicitation and expansion of a T cell response.
Role of CD56-expressing immature biliary epithelial cells in biliary atresia.

AIM To analyze the clinical and pathological parameters and expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule (CD56) in patients with biliary atresia (BA). METHODS Established clinical laboratory markers of hepatic function, including enzyme activity, protein synthesis, and bilirubin metabolism, were evaluated in patients with BA and compared with those in patients with choledochal cysts and neonatal hepatitis. Pathological changes in tissue morphology and fibrosis were examined by histological and tissue collagen staining. Immunohistochemical staining for the biliary epithelial cell markers CD56 and CK19 together with the Notch signaling related molecules Notch1 and Notch2 was performed in the context of alterations in the structure of intrahepatic biliary ducts. RESULTS Differences in some clinical laboratory parameters among the three diseases examined were observed, but they did not correlate with the pathological classification of fibrosis in BA. Immunohistochemical staining showed the presence of CD56-positive immature bile ducts in most patients (74.5%) with BA but not in patients with choledochal cysts or neonatal hepatitis. The number of CD56-expressing cells correlated with disease severity, with more positive cells present in the later stages of liver damage (81.8% vs 18.2%). Furthermore, bile plugs were mainly found in CD56-positive immature biliary ducts. Notch signaling was a key regulatory pathway in biliary duct formation and played a role in tissue fibrosis. Notch1 was co-expressed in CD56-positive cells, whereas Notch2 was found exclusively in blood vessels in the portal area of patients with BA. CONCLUSION The maturation of biliary epithelial cells and the expression of Notch may play a role in the pathogenesis of BA.
Green grabbing debate and Madagascar: did we learn anything?

Green grabbing is a scholarly critique of conservation efforts. Scholars of green grabbing argue that many conservation strategies - such as the designation of protected areas and the creation of market-based conservation mechanisms - are designed with the intent to dispossess local peoples and capitalise natural assets. First, to provide some context on the green grabbing debate, we discuss the trade-offs between conservation and development objectives. In addition, we refer briefly to the broader land grabbing debate of which green grabbing is a sub-component. Second, we question the theoretical foundations of green grabbing, the concepts of primitive accumulation and commodification of nature. Third, we compare data collected by the green grabbing scholars and conservation NGOs from the very same site in Madagascar. We conclude that rigorous post-intervention stakeholder analysis, rather than pre-intervention analysis, is needed to effectively evaluate conservation outcomes, and that research on conservation strategies should pay attention to the role of the state, and the heterogeneity of local communities.
Early childhood leukemia incidence trends in Brazil

ABSTRACT Incidence rates of childhood leukemia vary between different regions of the world. The objective of this study was to test possible trends in incidence rate of early childhood leukemia (children <5 years old at the diagnosis) in Brazil. Data from 18 population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) were analyzed (period 1999–2010). The analysis consisted of frequencies, age-adjusted incidence rates, and joinpoint regression results, including annual average percent change (AAPC) in incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The median age-adjusted incidence rate (AAIR) of overall early childhood leukemia was 61 per million. The AAIR for acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) was 44 per million and nonlymphoid acute leukemia (NLAL) was 14 per million. The median ALL/NLAL ratio was 3.0, suggesting higher incidence rate of NLAL in these settings. The joinpoint analysis demonstrated increased leukemia incidence rate in João Pessoa (AAPC = 20; 95% CI: 3.5, 39.4) and Salvador (AAPC = 8.68; 95% CI: 1.0, 16.9), respectively, whereas incidence rate in São Paulo PBCR decreased (AAPC = −4.02%; 95% CI: −6.1%, −1.9%). Correlation between ALL AAIR and selected variables of socioeconomic (SES) factors was not observed. Increased AAIR regionally overtime was observed. However, the interpretation for such phenomenon should be cautious because it might reflect the access to health care, diagnosis procedures, and improvement of PBCR´s quality. The observed trend supports the necessity of further ecological studies.
The asset price bubbles in emerging financial markets: a new statistical approach

The bubble is a controversial and important issue. Many methods which based on the rational expectation have been proposed to detect the bubble. However, for some developing countries, epically China, the asset markets are so young that for many companies, there are no dividends and fundamental value, making it difficult (if not impossible) to measure the bubbles by existing methods. Therefore, we proposed a simple but effective statistical method and three statistics (that is, C, U, V) to capture and quantify asset price bubbles, especially in immature emerging markets. To present a clear example of the application of this method to real world problems, we also applied our method to re-examine empirically the asset price bubble in some stock markets. Our main contributions to current literature are as follows: firstly, this method does not rely on fundamental value, the discount rates and dividends, therefore is applicable to the immature markets without the sufficient data of such kinds, secondly, this new method allows us to examine different influences (herding behavior, abnormal fluctuation and composite influence) of bubble. Our new statistical approach is, to the best of our knowledge, the only robust way in existing literature to to quantify the asset price bubble especially in emerging markets.
Mast cell tryptases and chymases in inflammation and host defense

Summary: Tryptases and chymases are the major proteins stored and secreted by mast cells. The types, amounts, and properties of these serine peptidases vary by mast cell subtype, tissue, and mammal of origin. Membrane‐anchored γ‐tryptases are tryptic, prostasin‐like, type I peptidases that remain membrane attached on release and act locally. Soluble tryptases, including their close relatives, mastins, form inhibitor‐resistant oligomers that act more remotely. Befitting their greater destructive potential, chymases are quickly inhibited after release, although some gain protection by associating with proteoglycans. Most chymase‐like enzymes, including mast cell cathepsin G, hydrolyze chymotryptic substrates, an uncommon capability in the proteome. Some rodent chymases, however, have mutations resulting in elastolytic activity. Secreted tryptases and chymases promote inflammation, matrix destruction, and tissue remodeling by several mechanisms, including destroying procoagulant, matrix, growth, and differentiation factors and activating proteinase‐activated receptors, urokinase, metalloproteinases, and angiotensin. They also modulate immune responses by hydrolyzing chemokines and cytokines. At least one chymase protects mice from intestinal worms. Tryptases and chymases can also oppose inflammation by inactivating allergens and neuropeptides causing inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Thus, like mast cells themselves, mast cell serine peptidases play multiple roles in host defense, and any accounting of benefit versus harm is necessarily context specific.
Perception for cooperation: Case study in web text editors from the perspective of blind users

This article questions the limits and possibilities of interaction between blind users and cooperative Web text editors. The study is a qualitative, exploratory/explanatory research which has as the object of study the implementation of live regions, accessibility tools that increases interaction possibilities and positive interdependence between blind user and Web applications. Based o the sociocultural scene of the affirmation of the difference and the cooperative contexts established by the Web 2.0, this investigation consists in discussing the potential of collaboration and individual and collective authorship on Groupware tools when interacting with visual impaired users. The results of the experiments performed show some weaknesses concerning the availability of the awareness elements aimed at people with visual impairment, among them the user identification resources in synchronous and asynchronous actions, and the feedback strategies for the awareness and dialogue among the participants.
Relationship between cell surface composition, adherence, and virulence of Candida albicans

A comparison was made of the adherence to acrylic and to human buccal epithelial cells of seven strains of Candida albicans isolated from active infections (I strains) and two strains obtained from asymptomatic carriers (C strains). After growth in defined medium containing a relatively low concentration (50 mM) of glucose as the carbon source, the adherence of I and C strains to either surface was similar and all strains were sensitive to spheroplast formation with Zymolyase 5000. Growth in medium containing a high concentration (500 mM) of sucrose or galactose enhanced the adherence of I strains up to 5- and 11-fold, respectively, and there were corresponding increases in resistance to spheroplast formation. Sucrose- or galactose-grown C strains showed only small increases in adherence and remained relatively sensitive to spheroplast formation. When inoculated intravenously into mice, I strains grown in 500 mM sucrose were up to five times more virulent than organisms grown in 50 mM glucose, while I strains grown in 500 mM galactose showed a 5- to 24-fold increase in virulence. Fifty percent lethal doses obtained for C strains were similar after growth on all three carbon sources. We conclude that I strains are able to modify their surface composition in response to high concentrations of certain sugars in the growth environment. Such modification can enhance both their ability to adhere to surfaces and their virulence. C strains lack this capability, or possess it to a lower degree, and may therefore have a lower pathogenic potential.
Anti-infective effect of poly-beta 1-6-glucotriosyl-beta 1-3-glucopyranose glucan in vivo

Mice challenged with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus were protected against lethal peritonitis by the intravenous administration of 10 micrograms of poly-beta 1-6-glucotriosyl-beta 1-3-glucopyranose (PGG) glucan per animal 4 to 6 h prior to bacterial challenge. Subsequent studies with the rat model for intra-abdominal sepsis indicated that intramuscular doses of 10 to 100 micrograms per animal 24 and 4 h prior to surgical implantation of the bacterial inoculum reduced the early mortality associated with the peritonitis phase of this experimental disease process. Quantitative cultures of blood obtained from challenged rats showed that significantly fewer organisms were present in the blood of PGG glucan-treated animals than in that of untreated animals. Quantitative studies of leukocytes of rats and mice following a single injection of PGG glucan showed a modest transient increase in the total leukocyte count. The possible mechanisms by which protection occurs in the animal model system are discussed.
Students’ Perspectives on Interprofessional Teamwork Before and After an Interprofessional Pain Education Course

Objective. To evaluate changes in pharmacy and nursing student perspectives before and after completion of an interprofessional education (IPE) course. Methods. A pre- and post-perception scale descriptive prospective study design utilizing Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS) and Collaboration and Satisfaction about Care Decisions (CSACD) with self-reported statements of knowledge and importance of professional roles was used. Results. Significant improvement was shown for IEPS and CSACD overall and for both pharmacy and nursing students. Post-scores improved from 2013 to 2014, with significant improvements for IEPS. Pharmacy student findings show an increase in knowledge and importance of their roles and those of nursing students. Nursing students grew significantly in their knowledge of the pharmacist’s role only. Conclusion. An IPE course for nursing and pharmacy students, taught by diverse health professionals with a care plan and simulation assignments, fosters the Interprofessional Education Collaborative panel’s competencies for IPE.
Assessment of proliferation of squamous, Barrett's, and gastric mucosa in patients with columnar lined Barrett's oesophagus.

ment in only eight patients (2%). Three have already died within 6 months, of unrelated causes, and five remain well, so far. We strive not to leave stents in on a permanent basis, believing that most patients can be managed effectively by expert endoscopy, radiology, and surgery, including adjuvant techniques such as shock wave lithotripsy. Stenting is useful for a few weeks or months during which the patient's health and options can be reviewed. The King's group are rightly cautious in their recommendations. Stenting has not yet been shown to be a good permanent method for managing difficult stones, and should be used very sparingly. PB COTTON Duke University Medical Center, Box 3341, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
A LIKELIHOOD FRAMEWORK FOR INFERRING THE EVOLUTION OF GEOGRAPHIC RANGE ON PHYLOGENETIC TREES

Abstract At a time when historical biogeography appears to be again expanding its scope after a period of focusing primarily on discerning area relationships using cladograms, new inference methods are needed to bring more kinds of data to bear on questions about the geographic history of lineages. Here we describe a likelihood framework for inferring the evolution of geographic range on phylogenies that models lineage dispersal and local extinction in a set of discrete areas as stochastic events in continuous time. Unlike existing methods for estimating ancestral areas, such as dispersal-vicariance analysis, this approach incorporates information on the timing of both lineage divergences and the availability of connections between areas (dispersal routes). Monte Carlo methods are used to estimate branch-specific transition probabilities for geographic ranges, enabling the likelihood of the data (observed species distributions) to be evaluated for a given phylogeny and parameterized paleogeographic model. We demonstrate how the method can be used to address two biogeographic questions: What were the ancestral geographic ranges on a phylogenetic tree? How were those ancestral ranges affected by speciation and inherited by the daughter lineages at cladogenesis events? For illustration we use hypothetical examples and an analysis of a Northern Hemisphere plant clade (Cercis), comparing and contrasting inferences to those obtained from dispersal-vicariance analysis. Although the particular model we implement is somewhat simplistic, the framework itself is flexible and could readily be modified to incorporate additional sources of information and also be extended to address other aspects of historical biogeography.