Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Body Mass Index, Blood Pressure and Respiratory Indices among Male Students of University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

The prevalence of obesity, cardiovascular diseases and pulmonary dysfunction is increasing the world over. Some reports have demonstrated the interplay between these three factors. This study therefore assessed the relationship between body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP) and some respiratory indices among the younger population of a Nigerian University community. A total of 382 male students of the University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria were assessed in this study. Body weight, height, BMI, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), rate of respiration (RR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were assessed using standard methods. Three hundred and fifty students met the inclusion criteria. Individuals aged 26 - 30 years had significantly higher (p<0.05) BMI, compared with the group aged 18 - 21 years. Respiratory rate was significantly lower (p<0.01) in the group aged 22 - 25 years, compared with the group aged 18 - 21 years. Diastolic pressure was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the group aged 26 - 30 years, compared with those aged 18 - 21 years. Body mass index had a significant positive correlation with PEFR (p<0.001), SBP (p<0.001), MAP (p<0.001) and age (p<0.01), but correlated negatively with respiratory rate (p<0.05). There was no incident of obesity within the population studied, while MAP increased with increasing age; a physiological variation. The results obtained from our study have also demonstrated the fact that there exists a relationship between BMI, cardiovascular and respiratory indices.
EFFECTS OF SEPARATE AND COMPOSITE EXT PARADISIACA AND LEAF OF COCCINIA INDICA IN STREPTOZOTO MALE ALBINO RAT

We evaluated the antihyperglycaemic properties of aqueous-methanoli paradisiaca and leaf of Coccinia indica in separate as well as in composite ma streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. We measured food and water intake abilit glucose tolerance, activities of important carbohydrate metabolic enzymes like phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase in liver along with quantification of glyco and serum insulin level. We noted that after treatment of aqueous methanolic extr as well as in composite manner at a concentration of 80mg/100g body weight/day rat resulted in a significant remedial effect on blood glucose level as well as ca the quantity of liver and skeletal muscle glycogen. Serum insulin level that induced diabetic rat recovered significantly after the co-administration of extract parameters showed a more potent remedial effect after composite extract tr treatment and none of the extract has any general metabolic toxicity induction.
Non-protective immunity against tetanus in primiparous women and newborns at birth in rural and urban settings in Ibadan, Nigeria

Introduction Nigeria remains among the few countries that are yet to achieve eradication of neonatal tetanus in the world despite the availability of an effective vaccine. This study investigated immunity against tetanus in primiparous mothers and neonates at birth, and identified associated factors. Methods This cross-sectional study involved consecutive selection of 244 primiparous mother-neonate pairs (119 from rural areas, 125 from urban areas, 137 male neonates and 107 female neonates) delivered at primary healthcare facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric history, immunisation and birthweight were obtained from mothers by interview. A validated immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic test kit was used to test for immunity against tetanus. Positive and negative results were interpreted as protective immunity against tetanus (PIaT) and non-protective immunity against tetanus (NPIaT), respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and logistic regression at p = 0.05. Results The mean age of mothers was 27.9±3.4 years (range: 20-33) and median birthweight was 2700g (range: 1760-3300). Of the 244 mothers, 198 (81.1%) received at least two doses of tetanus toxoid injection during pregnancy and prevalence of NPIaT and PIaT was 28.7% and 71.3%, respectively. The prevalence of PIaT was significantly higher among mothers in urban areas (n= 96; 80.7%) than rural (n=78; 62.4%), p<0.001. The prevalence of NPIaT among neonates was 36.5% (n= 89). Predictors of NPIaT among neonates were residence in rural LGA (OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.23-3.99) and maternal tetanus immunisation <2 doses (OR = 11.68; 95% CI = 4.05-21.75). Conclusion Lack of protective immunity against tetanus among neonates of primiparous women in Ibadan is prevalent and a more conscientious enforcement of routine tetanus prevention practices is needed.
Redução da área foliar em plantas de milho na fase reprodutiva

A reducao da area foliar em plantas de milho na fase reprodutiva altera a atividade fisiologica e, consequentemente, o acumulo de materia seca nos graos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a alteracao em caracteristicas agronomicas, provocadas pela desfolha, em plantas de milho, na fase reprodutiva. O experimento foi instalado em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, no ano agricola de 2007/2008. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com sete tratamentos - testemunha sem desfolha, remocao de duas folhas apicais, remocao de quatro folhas apicais, remocao de todas as folhas acima da espiga, remocao de quatro folhas intermediarias, remocao de todas as folhas abaixo da espiga e remocao de todas as folhas da planta - com cinco repeticoes. O genotipo utilizado foi o hibrido NB 7376. A desfolha foi realizada quando as plantas encontravam-se no estadio R2. Os caracteres avaliados foram: produtividade, densidade de espigas e sabugos, resistencia de raizes e integridade do colmo. Quando foram retiradas todas as folhas acima da espiga, foi observada a perda de 20% na produtividade, foram afetadas a densidade dos sabugos, a integridade do colmo e a resistencia das raizes ao arranquio. A densidade das espigas so foi afetada quando foram retiradas todas as folhas da planta. A extensao foliar que permanece fisiologicamente ativa acima da espiga em milho e a mais eficiente na produtividade de graos.
ENUMERATION OF TREES AND ONE AMAZING REPRESENTATION OF THE SYMMETRIC GROUP

In this paper we present a systematic approach to enumeration of different classes of trees and their generalizations. The principal idea is finding a bijection between these trees and some classes of Young diagrams or Young tableaux. The latter arise from the remarkable representation of the symmetric group studied by Haiman in connection with diagonal harmonics (see [7]). Define the vector space V ≃ ⟨x1 σ(1) . xn σ(n) |σ ∈ Sn, 0 ≤ ai ≤ i − 1, 1 ≤ i ≤ n⟩. Let the symmetric group Sn act on Vn by the permutation of variables. It is known that dim(Vn) = (n + 1)n−1 is equal to the number of labeled trees, and dim(Vn)n = 1 n+1 (2n n ) is equal to the number of plane trees with n vertices. There are combinatorial interpretations for the other multiplicities. We generalize all the results in case of k-dimensional trees and (k + 1)-ary trees.
Mitigation of subsynchronous oscillations in a series compensated wind farm with static var compensator

Subsynchronous resonance (SSR) is a potential problem in a series compensated power system. A wind farm employing self-excited induction generator (SEIG) connected to the grid through a series compensated transmission line may experience the same problem. This paper presents a study of subsynchronous oscillations resulting from torsional interactions as well as induction generator self-excitation effects in such a wind energy conversion system (WECS). It is shown that these two phenomena may cause system instability if proper preventive measures are not taken. A static var compensator (SVC) with a voltage controller has been employed at the induction generator terminal to damp the subsynchronous oscillations. It is also found that an auxiliary subsynchronous damping controller (SSDC) improves the damping of torsional oscillations. Extensive time domain simulations have been carried out using EMTDC/PSCAD to validate the performance of the SVC in preventing SSR
Hosed vs. unhosed: interruptions of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a global coupled model, with and without freshwater forcing

Abstract. It is well known that glacial periods were punctuated by abrupt climate changes, with large impacts on air temperature, precipitation, and ocean circulation across the globe. However, the long-held idea that freshwater forcing, caused by massive iceberg discharges, was the driving force behind these changes has been questioned in recent years. This throws into doubt the abundant literature on modelling abrupt climate change through “hosing” experiments, whereby the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is interrupted by an injection of freshwater to the North Atlantic: if some, or all, abrupt climate change was not driven by freshwater input, could its character have been very different than the typical hosed experiments? Here, we describe spontaneous, unhosed oscillations in AMOC strength that occur in a global coupled ocean–atmosphere model when integrated under a particular background climate state. We compare these unhosed oscillations to hosed oscillations under a range of background climate states in order to examine how the global imprint of AMOC variations depends on whether or not they result from external freshwater input. Our comparison includes surface air temperature, precipitation, dissolved oxygen concentrations in the intermediate-depth ocean, and marine export production. The results show that the background climate state has a significant impact on the character of the freshwater-forced AMOC interruptions in this model, with particularly marked variations in tropical precipitation and in the North Pacific circulation. Despite these differences, the first-order patterns of response to AMOC interruptions are quite consistent among all simulations, implying that the ocean–sea ice–atmosphere dynamics associated with an AMOC weakening dominate the global response, regardless of whether or not freshwater input is the cause. Nonetheless, freshwater addition leads to a more complete shutdown of the AMOC than occurs in the unhosed oscillations, with amplified global impacts, evocative of Heinrich stadials. In addition, freshwater inputs can directly impact the strength of other polar haloclines, particularly that of the Southern Ocean, to which freshwater can be transported relatively quickly after injection in the North Atlantic.
Discrete-time Unscented Kalman Filter : Comprehensive Study of Stochastic Stability

The performance of the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) for a class of general nonlinear stochastic discretetime systems is investigated in this paper. It is proved that the estimation error of the UKF remains bounded provided a under certain conditions are satisfied. It is further shown that the estimation error remains bounded provided the system satisfies the nonlinear observability rank condition. Furthermore, it is shown that the design of noise covariance matrix plays an important role in improving the stability of the UKF algorithm. These results are verified by simulations for a given illustrative example of an inherently nonlinear plant.
Bolivia Argentina 25 ° 20 ° 15 ° 65 ° 70 ° 30 ° 75 °

The enigma of continental plateaus formed in the absence of continental collision is embodied by the Altiplano-Puna, which stretches for 1800 km along the Central Andes and attains a width of 350–400 km. The plateau correlates spatially and temporally with Andean arc magmatism, but it was uplifted primarily because of crustal thickening produced by horizontal shortening of a thermally softened lithosphere. Nonetheless, known shortening at the surface accounts for only 70– 80% of the observed crustal thickening, suggesting that magmatic addition and other processes such as lithospheric thinning, upper mantle hydration, or tectonic underplating may contribute significantly to thickening. Uplift in the region of the Altiplano began around 25 Ma, coincident with increased convergence rate and inferred shallowing of subduction; uplift in the Puna commenced 5–10 million years later.
Sensitivity Analysis of Mammalian Circadian Clocks

Program in Biomolecular Science and Engineering University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Department of Computer Science University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Department of Chemical Engineering University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA 93106
Inhibition of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein enhances anti-tumor potency of pure total flavonoids on the growth of leukemic cells

Flavonoids, a vast group of polyphenols widely distributed in plants, are known to possess a range of biological activities and potential anti-tumor effects. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) promotes the progression of leukemia by preventing tumor cells undergoing apoptosis. The present study investigated the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of pure total flavonoids from Citrus paradisi Macfad (PTFC) on human U937 cells, and explored the effects of short hairpin (sh)RNA-mediated XIAP knockdown on the anti-cancer effects of PTFC. Western blotting was used to determine level of apoptosis-associated effectors following PTFC treatment. A lentiviral vector of RNA interference of XIAP gene was constructed to downregulate XIAP expression. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to determine the effects of PTFC separately or combined with XIAP-shRNA on inhibition and apoptosis of U937 cells, respectively. Treatment with PTFC effectively inhibited leukemic cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. PTFC induced apoptosis of U937 cells in a dose-dependent manner, at a particular concentration range, by decreasing XIAP expression levels and activating caspases-3, −7 and −9. PTFC treatment combined with XIAP-shRNA additionally demonstrated a marked increase in cell apoptosis, compared with PTFC or XIAP-shRNA alone (P<0.05). Therefore, these findings suggest that PTFC inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in U937 cells in vitro. Furthermore, suppression of XIAP expression enhances these effects.
Cultural Diversity Training: The Necessity of Cultural Competence for Health Care Providers and in Nursing Practice

The purpose of this article is to discuss the need to provide culturally sensitive care to the growing number of diverse health care consumers. A literature review of national standards and research on cultural competency was conducted and specifically focused on the field of nursing. This study supports the theory that cultural competence is learned over time and is a process of inner reflection and awareness. The domains of awareness, skill, and knowledge are essential competencies that must be gained by health care providers and especially for nurses. Although barriers to providing culturally sensitive care exist, gaining a better understanding of cultural competence is essential to developing realistic education and training techniques, which will lead to quality professional nursing practice for increasingly diverse populations.
Effect of intellectual impairment on basketball game-related statistics.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of intellectual impairment (II) on game-related statistics which best contribute to success in basketball. Official game-related statistics were gathered from 6 male teams (n=63 players) during the 13 games played in the World II-Basketball Championships (Ankara 2013). Variables were normalized to 100 ball possessions and descriptive statistics were calculated. To identify which variables contributed best to success, a discriminant analysis was performed. The obtained structural coefficients (SC) in the discriminant function pointed out 2-pt successful │SC=-0.65│, assists │SC=-0.61│, steals │SC=-0.41│ and offensive rebounds │SC=-0.32│ as variables which best contributed to success. Results were compared with previous studies in able-bodied (AB) basketball. Assists and 2-point successful were discriminant variables of success in II and AB-competitions; however, defensive rebounds were discriminant in many AB but not in any II-competition. In addition, steals and offensive rebounds were only discriminant variables in II-basketball. Relevancy of assists reflected the importance of teamwork in both AB and II-basketball; however, the lower shooting efficiency presented in II-players seem to indicate limitations on decision making capacity and tactical offense to reach the best option to shoot. Consequently, second opportunities to score (offensive rebounds) and scoring under low defensive pressure (fast-break after a steal); seem to take relevance to increase 2-point successful in II-players. These findings confirm the negative influence of II on basketball game-related statistics and this is a first necessary step to develop basketball-specific eligibility systems required to include II-basketball in the Paralympic program.
Nulls, subpulse drift and mode switching in pulsars: the polar-cap surface

Little attention has so far been paid to the division of the observed population between pulsars of the two spin directions that are possible. Almost all pulsars with positive corotational charge density at the polar caps are expected to satisfy space-charge-limited flow boundary conditions. Charge separation by blackbody photoelectric transitions in moving ions limits the acceleration potential, analogously with the more usually considered pair creation. However, the limitation is more severe so that proton and ion energies can be relativistic but not ultrarelativistic, and these allow the growth of Langmuir-mode-induced turbulence that couples directly with the radiation field, as shown by Asseo, Pelletier and Sol. The consequences of this, and of the several possible physical states of the polar cap, are described, qualitatively, as possible explanations for the complex phenomena of nulls, subpulse drift and mode switching observed in subsets of pulsars.
A K-Best Version of the Turbo-LORD MIMO Detector in Realistic Settings

In this paper we introduce an improved version of the Turbo Layered ORthogonal lattice Detector (T-LORD), recently presented. This implementation, namely K-Best T-LORD, misses the performance of the turbo MAP detector by only few tenths of dB in various configurations, like the Fully Enhanced T-LORD. However, its complexity is quadratic in the number of transmitting antennas instead of exponential. Moreover, we show that the K-Best T-LORD is robust also over realistic channels, with correlation between tones and antennas, and with imperfect Channel State Information at the receiver. This behavior is shown not only via Monte Carlo simulations, but also with EXIT chart analysis.
The incidence of peer bullying as multiple maltreatment among Spanish secondary school students

Two national reports on peer bullying and social exclusion in schools promoted by the Spanish Ombudsman and UNICEF (2000, 2007) established the state of the art of bullying incidence in secondary schools, its forms, and differences according gender, school year or type of school amongst the many aspects tackled by both studies. One more step in the deepening into the nature of peer bullying and social exclusion in schools is to clarify whether the students who are victims of bullying are so in a single way, i.e. through the same type of action or whether they are bullied in multiple forms. The present study aims first at finding out the existence of multiple bullying among the secondary school students participating in the Second Ombudsman's Report. Second to determine whether it consists of experiencing various behaviors within the same category, e.g. verbal bullying, or various behaviors across categories (e.g. being insulted and stolen), as well as the incidence of both types of multiple maltreatment. For that new analysis of the information provided by the 3000 participants are carried out. Only the perspective of victims are presented pointing to the existence of multiple maltreatment, especially across categories.
IDENTIFYING CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STELLAR HALO FROM ACCRETED, KICKED-OUT, AND IN SITU POPULATIONS

We present a medium-resolution spectroscopic survey of late-type giant stars at mid-Galactic latitudes of (30° < |b| < 60°), designed to probe the properties of this population to distances of ∼9 kpc. Because M giants are generally metal-rich and we have limited contamination from thin disk stars by the latitude selection, most of the stars in the survey are expected to be members of the thick disk (〈[Fe/H]〉 ∼ −0.6) with some contribution from the metal-rich component of the nearby halo. Here we report first results for 1799 stars. The distribution of radial velocity (RV) as a function of l for these stars shows (1) the expected thick disk population and (2) local metal-rich halo stars moving at high speeds relative to the disk, which in some cases form distinct sequences in RV–l space. High-resolution echelle spectra taken for 34 of these “RV outliers” reveal the following patterns across the [Ti/Fe]–[Fe/H] plane: 17 of the stars have abundances reminiscent of the populations present in dwarf satellites of the Milky Way, 8 have abundances coincident with those of the Galactic disk and a more metal-rich halo, and 9 of the stars fall on the locus defined by the majority of stars in the halo. The chemical abundance trends of the RV outliers suggest that this sample consists predominantly of stars accreted from infalling dwarf galaxies. A smaller fraction of stars in the RV outlier sample may have been formed in the inner Galaxy and subsequently kicked to higher eccentricity orbits, but the sample is not large enough to distinguish conclusively between this interpretation and the alternative that these stars represent the tail of the velocity distribution of the thick disk. Our data do not rule out the possibility that a minority of the sample could have formed from gas in situ on their current orbits. These results are consistent with scenarios where the stellar halo, at least as probed by M giants, arises from multiple formation mechanisms; however, when taken at face value, our results for metal-rich halo giants suggest a much higher proportion to be accreted than found by Carollo et al. and more like the fraction suggested in the analysis by Nissen & Schuster and Schuster et al. We conclude that M giants with large RVs can provide particularly fruitful samples to mine for accreted structures and that some of the velocity sequences may indeed correspond to real physical associations resulting from recent accretion events.
Study of stress migration and electromigration interaction in copper/low-κ interconnects

Stress migration (SM) and electromigration (EM) are key reliability concerns for advanced metallization in nanoscale CMOS technologies. In this paper, the interaction between these two mechanisms is studied in dual-damascene Cu/low-k interconnects. It is found that these mechanisms are not independent; EM failure time could be strongly affected by the presence of residual stress induced by SM, causing significant EM lifetime degradation. The reliability implication of the residual stress in copper interconnects on the EM is further investigated at the voiding site using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) failure analysis. A failure mechanism model is proposed to explain the lifetime degradation due to vacancy accumulation near the voiding via. The vacancy accumulation leads to higher tensile stress and shortens the time to reach the critical stress (σcrit) for void nucleation.