Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-word naming in a transparent alphabetic orthography

The cognitive processes involved in single-word naming of the transparent Turkish orthography were examined in a series of nine naming experiments on adult native readers. In Experiment 1, a significant word frequency effect was observed when matched (i.e. on initial phoneme, letter length and number of syllables) high- and low-frequency words were presented for naming. However, no frequency effect was found in Experiment 2, when an equal number of matched (i.e. on initial phoneme, letter length and number of syllables) nonword fillers were mixed with the target words. A null frequency effect was also found in Experiment 3 when conditions were mixed-blocks, i.e. high- and low frequency were words presented in separate blocks mixed with an equal number of matched nonword fillers. Experiment 4 served the purpose of creating and validating nonwords (to be used in Experiments 5 and 6) that could be named as fast as high- and low-frequency words by manipulating the letter length of nonwords. A significant word frequency effect emerged with both the mixed-block design (Experiment 5) and mixed design (Experiment 6) when the nonword fillers matched the target words in speed of naming. Experiment 7, however, found no frequency effect when high- and low-frequency words were mixed with word fillers that were slower to be named (longer in length) than the target words. In Experiment 8, frequency was factorially manipulated with imageability (high vs. low) and level of skill (very skilled vs. skilled) which found significant main effects for word frequency and level of skill, and a significant 2-way interaction of skill by imageability and a significant 3-way interaction of skill by imageability by frequency. In Experiment 9, however, there was only a main effect for frequency when previously skilled readers performed on the same words used in Experiment 8. These findings suggest that whilst a lexical route dominates in naming the transparent Turkish orthography, an explanation that the readers shut down the operation of this route in the presence of nonword fillers is not entertained. Instead, the results suggest that both routes operate in naming, with the inclusion of filler stimuli and their “perceived difficulty” having an impact in the time criterion for articulation. Moreover, there are indications that a semantic route is involved in naming Turkish only when level of skill is taken into account. Implications of these findings for models of single-word naming are discussed.
Pattern of whatsapp usage and its impact on medical students of Mysore Medical College and research institute, India

Background: Mobile phone addiction/abuse/misuse is one of the forms of compulsive use of “a mobile phone” by youth across the world. “WhatsApp’s addiction/abuse/misuse” is now challenging health policy makers globally to think on this rapidly emerging issue. Objectives of the study were to know the whatsapp usage pattern among medical students and to find the impact of whatsapp usage pattern among medical students. Methods: A Cross Sectional study was conducted among all the MBBS students from 01-08-2015 to 01-10-2015. The data was collected by using pre designed semi-structured questionnaire. Proforma includes socio demographic profile, usage pattern and its impact. Results: This study revealed that 27.3% students had >20 Whatsapp visits per day,45.3% had 6-10 whatsapp groups,40.8% students changed their Whatsapp status within span of a week,32.3% students spend more than 60minutesin a day, 29.4% use Whatsapp while having food. 52.2% students stated that their study duration is impaired for 60 minutes in a day on an average and 12.9% students agreed that their academic performance is reduced since they started using Whatsapp. Participants in the study 45.8% students felt that they are unable to concentrate on study with usage of Whatsapp and 33.3% also felt that it lead to lack of physical activities,67.2% agreed that their social life has been improved upon using Whatsapp. Conclusions: Whatsapp overuse adversely affects the study duration, academic performance, and sleep. Yet medical students use Whatsapp groups for Academic purposes. Social life has been improved among Whatsapp users.
Treatment guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia

Published guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) have informed management and treatment recommendations for 25 years. Since inception, CAP guidelines have been developed for nearly every region of world, in part owing to improved mortality, clinical outcomes, and costs associated with implementation of guideline based care. This review highlights reasons why guidelines remain useful, overviews the similarities and differences among global CAP guidelines, and focuses on the treatment principles underpinning management recommendations, and addresses treatment issues that should be resolved in future CAP guidelines.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Dengan Pendekatan Open Ended Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematik Ditinjau Dari Kemandirian Belajar Siswa SMA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap pengaruh pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan pendekatan open ended terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematik ditinjau dari kemandirian belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen kuasi dengan desain pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Lawa tahun pelajaran 2015/2016 yang mempelajari materi fungsi komposisi dan fungsi invers. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian diketahui bahwa: (1) Tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh penerapan pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan pendekatan open ended dan pembelajaran berbasis masalah tanpa pendekatan open ended terhadap peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematik baik secara keseluruhan siswa maupun ditinjau dari kemandirian belajarsedang dan rendah. (2) Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh penerapan pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan pendekatan open ended dan pembelajaran berbasis masalah tanpa pendekatan open ended terhadap peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematik siswa yang mempunyai kemandirian belajartinggi. (3) Respon atau tanggapan siswa terhadap pembelajaran yang menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan pendekatan open endeddan pembelajaran berbasis masalah tanpa pendekatan open ended adalah positif. Siswa senang dan sangat aktif mengikuti proses pembelajaran yang menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan pendekatan open endeddan pembelajaran berbasis masalah tanpa pendekatan open ended.
A Hipertensão Arterial nos Cuidados de Saúde Primários, em Portugal: contributo para o conhecimento epidemiológico da população em 2013

Resumo Objetivos: Determinar a prevalencia, tratamento e controlo da hipertensao arterial na populacao inscrita e seguida de forma regular nos cuidados de saude primarios das cinco ARS de Portugal continental. Nos hipertensos avaliar a prevalencia de diabetes e o nivel de controlo da pressao arterial. Conhecer o perfil de prescricao de anti-hipertensores. Material e metodos: Foram selecionados todos os utentes que, no ano 2013, tive-
Experience of psychotropic drug use among young people with mental health problems

The aim of the study is to describe the experience of psychotropic drug use among young people with mental health problems. Young people experience mental health problems, and some will need to take psychotropic drugs for either a short or a long time. Psychotropic drugs may be effective in reducing mental distress, but raise questions about increasing use, side effects, long-term treatment and off-label use. Qualitative interviews were accomplished with eight young people who had taken psychotropic drugs. Three categories were identified: ‘Effects of psychotropic drugs’, ‘Access of professional care and follow-up’ and ‘Social life and psychotropic drug use’. The young people experienced both beneficial and undesired effects from the psychotropic drugs. They experienced lack of access to professional support and follow-up. Life with family and friends was influenced negatively by psychotropic drug use and the young people were afraid of being lonely and stigmatized. The results may have implications for those who work with young people. Young people striving with mental health problems and psychotropic drug use have to have access to professional support and follow-up. Knowledge about effects of psychotropic drug use among young people is needed. The work about openness about mental health problems among young people has to continue.
The Influence of Emotional Contagion on Student Perceptions of Instructor Rapport, Emotional Support, Emotion Work, Valence, and Cognitive Learning

This study examined how emotional contagion may influence student perceptions of rapport with the instructor, emotional support received in the classroom, emotional work performed, and perceived cognitive learning. Participants revealed that emotional contagion was positively related to perceptions of rapport with instructors but unrelated to emotional support from instructors, emotional work performed in the classroom, and valence. Students who were high in emotional contagion reported significantly more rapport, emotional support, and positive valence. When controlling for emotional contagion, only classroom valence predicted students’ perceptions of cognitive learning.
Improving data delivery in opportunistic networks using probabilistic forwarding

As the number of opportunistic networking applications increases, the need for an effective routing scheme is becoming increasingly urgent. We propose the HEC-PF scheme for effective data forwarding in opportunistic networks. The scheme modifies the aggressive forwarding phase of our previous H-EC scheme by implementing a new probabilistic forwarding feature, which decides whether to forward a message to a newly encountered node based on the delivery probability. The performance in terms of delivery latency and completion ratio is evaluated by simulations. The results show that the HEC-PF scheme outperforms the EC and H-EC schemes, and the performance gain is even more substantial when network connectivity is extremely poor. We also show that its completion ratio improves as the maximum forwarding distance or the hop distance considered when calculating the delivery probability increases. The effectiveness of the HEC-PF scheme makes it an ideal solution for effective data delivery in opportunistic networks.
Rational Bubbles and Middlemen

This paper develops a model of rational bubbles where trade of an asset takes place through a chain of middlemen. We show that there exists a unique and robust equilibrium, and a bubble can occur due to information frictions in bilateral and decentralized markets. Under reasonable assumptions, the equilibrium price is increasing and accelerating during bubbles although the fundamental value is constant over time. Bubbles may be detrimental to the economy, but any announcement from the central bank has no effect on welfare with risk neutral agents. Middlemen are the source of financial fragility.
Realistic single-image super-resolution using autoencoding adversarial networks

Abstract. The accuracy and efficiency of single-image super-resolution (SR) using techniques based on convolutional neural networks have recently shown much improvement. However, most of the existing algorithms aim at improving the peak signal-to-noise ratio by minimizing the mean squared error between the ground-truth images and the generated SR images. This leads to a lack of high-frequency information and nonconformance with the perception of human eyes. To reconstruct realistic natural images in SR with large up-sampling factors, we combine the benefits of some recent approaches and propose a method based on autoencoding adversarial networks. The proposed architecture includes a generator, which is a symmetric encode–decode network used to extract feature maps and recover high-resolution images, and a conditional discriminator, which is used to determine whether the generated image is from the real distribution or not. In addition, we extract high-level features from a pretrained network to optimize the perceptual loss and make the output more precise. Compared with several state-of-the-art methods, our proposed method shows outstanding performance in recovering fine texture details. The mean opinion score shows that our method yields results that are more satisfactory to human perception than the other methods under comparison.
Short‐term impact of Altmetric Attention Scores on citation counts in selected major pharmacy journals

The impact and quality of a faculty member's publications is a key factor in promotion and tenure decisions. The Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) is an objective score frequently used to determine the reach of a published work across the World Wide Web and social media. The utility of the AAS in pharmacy practice journals is not well understood.
What do they do all day? Exploring the complexity of early childhood teachers’ work

A discussion on the findings of a study with 22 teachers . Using time use diaries they wrote down their activities of a given day. A taxonomy developed by Charles Sturt University in Australia was used to code and analyse the activities. This is a report on the initial pilot with the next step to use a mobile app on a wider group of teachers in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Prevalence of Zoonotic Pathogens by Molecular Detection in Stray Dogs in Central Taiwan

This study investigated the prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in stray dogs including toxoplasmosis, heartworm disease, Lyme disease, leptospirosis and Q fever in central Taiwan (Taichung, Changhua and Yunlin County) using nested, semi-nested or traditional polymerase chain reaction. Associations between prevalence of the infections and demiographic data of stray dogs in central Taiwan were also analyzed. Blood samples were randomly collected from stray dogs every month from August 2009 to July 2011. Total DNA extracted from blood samples ranged from 0.8 to 1.5 mg as the sensitivity of PCR ranged from 10 fg to 100 pg. For the PCR primers no cross-reaction was found between the nucleic acids of interest and DNA extracted from Ehrlichia cani, Babesia canis and Babesia gibsoni . The prevalence rates of 5 zoonotic diseases in the stray dogs were as follow: Toxoplasma gondii 3.89 % (28/720), Dirofilaria immitis 7.22% (52/720), Borrelia burgdorferi 5.42% (39/720), Leptospira spp. 7.22% (52/720), and Coxiella burnetii 5.83% (42/720). The association analysis between the prevalence rates and epidemiological data of stray dogs as well as sampling season showed that the prevalence rates of Toxoplasma gondii , Borrelia burgdorferi , and Leptospira spp. were correlated with the age and season but not with breed and gender. The prevalence rate of Dirofilaria immitis species was associated with breed and the season but not with gender and age while the prevalence rate of Coxiella burnetii was linked with the season but not with breed, gender and age. Our study reveals the prevalence of toxoplasmosis, heartworm disease, Lyme disease, leptospirosis and Q fever in stray dogs in Taiwan and provides crucial information for prevention and control of zoonotic diseases in Taiwan and neighboring areas and countries.
A developmental approach to learning causal models for cyber security

To keep pace with our adversaries, we must expand the scope of machine learning and reasoning to address the breadth of possible attacks. One approach is to employ an algorithm to learn a set of causal models that describes the entire cyber network and each host end node. Such a learning algorithm would run continuously on the system and monitor activity in real time. With a set of causal models, the algorithm could anticipate novel attacks, take actions to thwart them, and predict the second-order effects flood of information, and the algorithm would have to determine which streams of that flood were relevant in which situations. This paper will present the results of efforts toward the application of a developmental learning algorithm to the problem of cyber security. The algorithm is modeled on the principles of human developmental learning and is designed to allow an agent to learn about the computer system in which it resides through active exploration. Children are flexible learners who acquire knowledge by actively exploring their environment and making predictions about what they will find,1, 2 and our algorithm is inspired by the work of the developmental psychologist Jean Piaget.3 Piaget described how children construct knowledge in stages and learn new concepts on top of those they already know. Developmental learning allows our algorithm to focus on subsets of the environment that are most helpful for learning given its current knowledge. In experiments, the algorithm was able to learn the conditions for file exfiltration and use that knowledge to protect sensitive files.
Developing Interactive Multimedia with Local-Content-Based Narrative Texts for Grade Eight

Visually literate persons are able to understand, to create and to use images as a means of expression and communication. Understanding the elements, the meanings, and the natures of visual images may lead visually literate persons to be able to use the images for the purpose of teaching English. Integrating the visual images in the steps of teaching learning process may create better learning atmosphere that trigger the students' higher achievement. This paper is aimed to elaborate the nature of visual literacy and the integration of visual literacy component in teaching English.
Internal audit in Southern Africa

This article descriptionbes central government internal audit functions in the five southern African countries of Botswana, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe. It is based on questionnaires completed in 1998 and 1999. The internal audit sections are as varied as the countries themselves; for example, the number of staff employed in central government internal audit ranges from 18 to 350. However, the disparate heads of these different internal audit departments all recognise that their present degree of service leaves room for improvement, in almost all cases levels of training are acknowledged to be inadequate. I hope that this article will lay the foundation for greater knowledge and understanding of the role of internal audit in sub-Saharan Africa and that it will facilitate the further development of these internal audit sections and lead to greater improvements in the quality of the services provided.
Malignant Gliomas: Current Concepts

High-grade gliomas are the most common primary brain tumor and continue to carry a poor prognosis. Current advances in glioma research have led to small, but significant prolongations in both survival and progression-free survival. This review article discusses current research in the arenas of surgical therapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy for gliomas. Also discussed is the role of multidisciplinary brain tumor centers in the care of glioma patients.
Critical Path and Area Based Scheduling of Parallel Task Graphs on Heterogeneous Platforms

While most parallel task graphs scheduling research has been done in the context of single homogeneous clusters, heterogeneous platforms have become prevalent and are extremely attractive for deploying applications at unprecedented scales. In this paper we address the need for scheduling techniques for parallel task applications for heterogeneous clusters of clusters by proposing a method to adapt existing parallel task graphs scheduling heuristics that have proved to be efficient on homogeneous environments. The contributions of this paper are: (i) a novel ”virtual” cluster methodology for handling platform heterogeneity; (ii) a novel task placement step, designed to determine whether the placement step of heuristics for homogeneous platforms is adapted to the heterogeneous case; (iii) an empirical evaluation in a wide range of platform and application scenarios. This study shows that the proposed heuristics achieve better performance than the original when platform are heterogeneous and we discuss a number of trends apparent in our results.
Testing constant-geometry FFT arrays for wafer scale integration

Two approaches for testing constant-geometry wafer scale integration (WSI) array architectures used in the computation of the complex N-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) under a single combinational fault model are presented. Initially, an unrestricted single cell-level fault model is considered. The first approach is based on a process whose complexity is independent of the number of cells in the FFT architecture. The second method is based on a testing process whose complexity is linear with respect to the number of stages (columns) of the FFT array. No additional hardware is required in this case. A component-level fault model is also proposed and analyzed. <<ETX>>
Beyond “Us and Them”: Why Do Landowners Disagree About Local Water Pollution?

Abstract Collaborative watershed governance (CWG) is one strategy to address nonpoint source water pollution. While many collaborative watershed arrangements unfold in local settings, institutional analyses of CWG often do not consider landowners perceive intracommunity tensions about water pollution. We consider how diverse landowners attribute water pollution to agricultural and residential sources, and how these causal attributions may underpin perceived intracommunity tensions. We use survey data (n = 373) from the Owasco Lake watershed of central New York to examine water quality perceptions, concerns, and beliefs across year-round lakeshore, seasonal lakeshore, off shore residential, and agricultural landowners. Each type of landowner has a unique process through which water pollution causal attributions develop. Perceived intracommunity differences are more pronounced for non-farming landowners who blame agriculture for water pollution. With a better understanding of how landowners perceive the views of one another, watershed managers can tailor local communication efforts to emphasize shared views.
Tipos de preensão e movimentos do punho durante atividade de manuseio de carga

Background: The type of task performed determines the type of grip utilized, the force applied and the postures adopted for carrying out the task. The different postures and grips involved in these tasks present higher or lower risks of musculoskeletal injuries. Objective: To describe the types of grip utilized when transferring 5 and 10 kg loads between surfaces at different heights, and to quantify the flexion/extension movements and the radial and ulnar deviations presented by the wrist, by means of recordings on an electrogoniometer. Method: Ten male volunteers transferred a box between surfaces at different heights. The types of grip utilized were videotaped. Different categories of grip utilized during this task were identified. The movement amplitudes and the percentages of time spent within and outside of preestablished amplitude ranges (0-15o flexion/extension, 0-10o radial deviation and 0-10o ulnar deviation) were determined. Univariate analysis was utilized to evaluate any significant differences between the volunteers' hand dimensions and between the movements utilized for load-handling relating to different heights. Results and Conclusions: The results showed that the heights of the surfaces to which the objects were transferred significantly influenced the joint movement amplitudes (p=0.000). However, there was no difference between movements for the different loads handled (p=0.43). A time greater that what is considered recommendable was spent on radial deviation when the handling activity involved high surfaces. Recommendations on appropriate locations for packing materials that are to be handled should be included in training programs aimed at preventing musculoskeletal injuries.