Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Communication into the Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Condom Use Among African American Women

The present research extends the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to investigate how communication-related variables influence condom use intention and behavior among African American women. According to the TPB, attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy are associated with behavioral intent, which predicts behavior. For women, it was argued that condom negotiation self-efficacy was more important than condom use self-efficacy in predicting consistent condom use. Moreover, an important environmental factor that affects condom use for African American women is fear or worry when negotiating condom use because the sex partners might leave, threaten, or abuse them. Fears associated with negotiating condom use were predicted to be negatively associated with attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy. African American women (N = 560; M age = 20.58) completed assessments of TPB variables at baseline and condom use 3 months later. Condom negotiation self-efficacy was a significant indicator of behavioral intent, while condom use self-efficacy was not. Fear of condom negotiation was negatively associated with all TPB components, which was in turn significantly associated with behavioral intent and condom use. Implications for the TPB, safer sex literature, and sexually transmitted infection prevention intervention design are discussed.
Do Board’s Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy and Orientation Influence Environmental Sustainability Disclosure? UK Evidence

The environmental implications of corporate economic activities have led to growing demands for firms and their boards to adopt sustainable strategies and to disseminate more useful information about their activities and impacts on environment. This paper investigates the impact of board’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy and orientation on the quantity and quality of environmental sustainability disclosure in UK listed firms. We find that effective board CSR strategy and CSR-oriented directors have a positive and significant impact on the quality of environmental sustainability disclosure, but not on the quantity. Our findings also suggest that the existence of a CSR committee and issuance of a stand-alone CSR report are positively and significantly related to environmental sustainability disclosure. When we distinguish between firms with high and low environmental risk, we find that the board CSR/sustainability practices that affect the quantity (quality) of environmental sustainability disclosure appear to be driven more by highly (lowly) environmentally sensitive firms. These results suggest that the board CSR/sustainability practices play an important role in ensuring a firm’s legitimacy and accountability towards stakeholders. Our findings shed new light on this under-researched area and could be of interest to companies, policy-makers and other stakeholders.
Evaluation of the effect of uremia on peritoneal permeability in an experimental model of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in anephric rats.

Anephric rats were maintained on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Peritoneal permeability was assessed during a standard 4-hour peritoneal equilibration test (PET) performed with Dianeal 3.86% (Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, Illinois, U.S.A.). The effect of uremia on peritoneal permeability was evaluated in an experimental protocol in which each animal served as its own control. In each rat, PET1 (control) was performed before removal of kidneys and PET2 (uremia) was performed four days after removal of kidneys. Net ultrafiltration during a 4-hour exchange with Dianeal 3.86% was higher during PET1 (3.8 +/- 2.3 mL) than during PET2 (-1.3 +/- 3.3 mL), p < 0.05. Peritoneal permeability to urea and glucose was similar in both series. Transperitoneal equilibration of creatinine concentration was faster in uremic animals: D/P at 4 hours was 0.94 +/- 0.06 during PET2 versus 0.77 +/- 0.08 during PET1, p < 0.001. The opposite difference was seen for total protein: D/Px 1000 after a 4-hour dwell was 51.4 +/- 19.8 during PET2 versus 70.3 +/- 12.9 during PET1, p < 0.05. Our results show that uremia modifies the permeability of the peritoneum to both water and solutes.
Abnormal microtubular systems in mouse spermatids associated with a mutant gene at the T-locus.

Fine structural observations of spermiogenesis in sterile mice homozygous for the t -allele t w2 reveal that spermatids develop severe morphological abnormalities during spermiogenesis. In a small proportion of late spermatids the nuclear envelope develops broad areas of discontinuity except at the level of the acrosome. Manchette microtubules, which in normal spermatids form an orderly perinuclear array, appear to undergo premature depolymerization in cells of this type although flagellar structures differentiate normally. The majority of late spermatids, on the other hand, contain unusually large numbers of disorganized microtubules. Spermatid head shapes likewise become very abnormal. Both acrosomal and post-acrosomal portions of the nucleus exhibit malformations. The presence of disorganized microtubular arrays is believed to contribute to the observed nuclear deformations. Although condensation of the chromatin occurs in these cells, the spermatids seldom survive to maturity. Most of the cells are phagocytized by Sertoli cells. Late spermatids from t w2 homozygotes are abnormal in that they fail to maintain a precisely ordered array of microtubules during the concluding stages of spermiogenesis.This defect may reflect an underlying abnormality in the structural or biochemical characteristics of the plasma membrane with which the microtubules become associated.
Genetic correlations between initial sensitivity to Ethanol and brain cAMP signaling in inbred and selectively bred mice.

BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence have suggested a role for cAMP (adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate) signaling in the acute and chronic effects of ethanol. This study investigated whether there is a genetic correlation between cAMP synthesis in the brain and the acute effects of ethanol [alcohol sensitivity or acute functional tolerance (AFT)]. METHODS By using nine inbred strains of mice, we measured initial sensitivity and AFT to ethanol with a test of balance on a dowel. Initial sensitivity was defined by the blood ethanol concentration (BEC0) at the loss of balance on a dowel after an ethanol injection [1.75 g/kg intraperitoneally (ip)]. When mice were able to regain balance on the dowel, BEC1 was determined, and a second ethanol injection was given (2 g/kg ip). Upon final regaining of balance, BEC2 was determined. AFT was defined by the difference between BEC1 and BEC2 (AFT = DeltaBEC = BEC2 - BEC1). Cyclic AMP synthesis was measured in whole-cell preparations in the cerebellum and other brain areas of mice of the nine inbred strains. RESULTS Significant differences in BEC0 and AFT were seen among the mice of the nine inbred strains. Cerebellar basal and forskolin- and isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP production differed significantly between the strains, and BEC0 was found to correlate significantly with forskolin- and isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation in the cerebellum (r = 0.70 and 0.94, respectively). When we measured cAMP production in mesencephalic and telencephalic tissue in three strains of mice that differed significantly in isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation in the cerebellum, significant differences between strains were found only in telencephalic tissue. The relative relationship between the rank order of the three strains for cAMP accumulation in the telencephalon and initial sensitivity to ethanol was identical to that seen with the cerebellum. However, AFT did not correlate with cAMP accumulation in the cerebellum or any other brain area tested. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cAMP-generating systems of the cerebellum and possibly the brain areas contained in telencephalic tissues (e.g., basal ganglia) may have an important relationship to an animal's initial sensitivity to the incoordinating effects of ethanol.
American Gastroenterological Association technical review on constipation.

Constipation is a very common symptom. Prompted by several advances since the last technical review 15 years ago,1 this update will identify a rational, efficacious, and ideally cost-effective approach to patients with constipation. Toward those objectives, the epidemiology, clinical assessment, diagnostic testing, and management of constipation will be discussed, primarily from the perspective of a practicing gastroenterologist. Constipation in children and secondary constipation (eg, due to spinal cord injury) in adults will not be specifically addressed. This review was prepared by updating the previous technical review with material sourced from recent reviews on chronic constipation,2–4 supplemented by selected and focused literature searches of peer-reviewed, published studies. Although recommendations are graded based on US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) ratings, formal cost-effectiveness analyses have not been performed. Comparisons of diagnostic approaches, with precise estimates of specificity and sensitivities, also have not been published. Indeed, in some instances, individual diagnostic techniques have not even been standardized.
Changing trends in US mesothelioma incidence

The paper by Gimeno et al provides a comparison of sickness absence between 15 European Union (EU) countries.1 According to this study, 14.5% of employees were absent at least one day in the past 12 months by an accident at work, by health problems caused by the work, or by other health problems. For Finnish employees, for instance, this percentage was 24%, the highest among the 15 EU countries; in the UK it was …
Diagnostic Threshold for Conduct Disorder in Girls and Boys

Abstract Concerns about gender bias in the diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder (CD) have prompted some researchers to recommend that the diagnostic threshold in girls be lowered. Since CD is a highly familial condition, the authors assessed the diagnostic validity of subthreshold CD in girls using family study methodology. They compared the rates of antisocial disorders (CD and antisocial personality disorder) in relatives of four groups of index children: children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and full, subthreshold, or no CD diagnoses and non‐ADHD/non‐CD control subjects. Results showed no interaction between gender and familiality across the four groups. Furthermore, there was no significant evidence of familiality of subthreshold CD. From a family genetic perspective, the diagnostic threshold for CD does not appear to differ by gender. The current results support the possibility that differential rates of CD reflect actual differences in rates of antisocial behavior across gender.
Crossing an Apparent Chasm: Bridging Mindful and Less-Mindful Perspectives on Organizational Learning

An important new stream of organizational research has emerged in recent years that draws on the notion of mindfulness. At the same time, there is a long-standing body of work in the organizations literature that emphasizes the role of routine-driven, or less-mindful, behavior. We attempt to connect these two seemingly disparate literatures arguing that, at a performative level, important elements of less-mindful processes are necessary elements underlying mindfulness. In particular, we note the role of established action repertories that facilitate the response to novel stimuli and how routines and established role structures enable mindfulness to be sustained across time and the span of the organization. Similarly, we note important elements of mindfulness that underlie less-mindful behavior, highlighting in particular the role of mindfulness in interpreting one's context so as to identify what constitutes appropriate action in a given circumstance and in interpreting outcomes that form the basis for processes of reinforcement learning. Although we emphasize the complementarity between the two perspectives, we also note points of tension regarding the opportunity costs of mindfulness and the theories' implied normative claims.
The Partial Order on Two-Sided Cells of Certain Affine Weyl Groups

w x In their famous paper 6 , Kazhdan and Lusztig introduced the concept of equivalence classes such as left cell, right cell, and two-sided cell in a Coxeter group W. We inherit the notations F , F , F , ; , ; , L R LR L R w x Ž . and ; in 6 . Thus w ; y resp. w ; y, resp. w ; y means that LR LR L R Ž the elements w, y g W are in the same two-sided cell resp. left cell, resp. right cell of W, etc. Concerning an affine Weyl group W , Lusztig showed a Ž . that the set Cell W of two-sided cells of W is in a natural 1]1 a a Ž . correspondence with the set U G of unipotent classes in the correspondw x Ž . ing algebraic group G 11 . We know that Cell W is a poset under the a Ž . Ž . relation F . Also, U G is a poset under the relation v F u in U G m LR u ; v, where v is the closure of the conjugacy class v in the variety of unipotent elements of G. Under the Lusztig correspondence, the two-sided 4 cell c s 1 ; W is associated to the regular unipotent class of G, and W a a Ž w x. the lowest two-sided cell W see 11 of W is associated to the trivial Ž ̈ . a 4 class 1 ; G. Thus it is natural to formulate the following conjecture G Ž w x. which was suggested by Lusztig see 8, Conjecture D .
THE FIRST GAMMA-H 2 AX BIODOSIMETRY INTERCOMPARISON EXERCISE OF THE DEVELOPING EUROPEAN BIODOSIMETRY NETWORK

EXERCISE OF THE DEVELOPING EUROPEAN BIODOSIMETRY NETWORK RENEB S. Barnard1,*, E. A. Ainsbury1, J. Al-hafidh1, V. Hadjidekova2, R. Hristova2, C. Lindholm3, O. Monteiro Gil4, J. Moquet1, M. Moreno5, U. Rößler6, H. Thierens7, C. Vandevoorde7, A. Vral7, M. Wojewódzka8 and K. Rothkamm1 Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), Helsinki, Finland Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Grupo de Protecção e Segurança Radiológica, Bobadela-LRS, Portugal Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Oberschleissheim, Germany Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Center for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Warsaw, Poland
Corporate Board Attributes and Dividend Payout Policy of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria.

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of corporate board attributes on dividend policy of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The data was collected from annual reports and accounts of the sampled companies for the period of fifteen years from 2006 to 2015. Data is analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and panel data regression technique were used to analyze the data using STATA software version 13.00. The variables tested include board size, board composition, audit committee size and managerial ownership. The result found that board size, composition, and ownership structure have significant negative impact on dividend policy of listed DMB’s in Nigeria, and audit committee is statistically insignificant.The study recommends the needs for regulatory agencies to strengthen the corporate governance mechanism especially the power of the audit committee
Turnaround., Recovery and Growth: The Way through the Crisis

During the 1980s management faces the unwelcome and unfamiliar task of 'Managing in Hard Times' an era of low growth, intense competition for markets, scarce resources, cutbacks in government expenditure and fewer jobs. To quote Tony O'Reilly, President of H. J. Heinz: "The Chief Executive who pleads the case for holding on until things get back to normal has missed the point . The strategic problem of the next decade for many is going to be survival Today's conditions are not going to go away. "
UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE 14 interacts with 1 ULTRAVIOLET-B INSENSITIVE 4 to regulate endoreduplication 2 and cell and organ growth in Arabidopsis 3 4

4 Yingxiu Xu a,b,1, Weihuan Jin a,1, Na Li a, Wenjuan Zhang a, Cuimin Liu a, 5 Chuanyou Li , and Yunhai Li a,c,2 6 7 a State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome, b State Key Laboratory of 8 Genome Center, c Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular 9 Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of 10 Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. 11 12 1 These authors contributed equally to this work. 13 2 Corresponding authors: 14 E-MAIL: yhli@genetics.ac. cn; Tel (86)10 64807856; Fax: (86) 10 64807856. 15 E-MAIL: cyli@genetics.ac. cn; Tel (86)10 64806612; Fax: (86) 10 64806612. 16 17 Running title: UBP14 regulates endoreduplication and growth 18 19
Capital Structure in Emerging Asia

This paper examines the capital structure and financing decisions of firms in emerging Asia between 1991-2014. Neither the mean/median leverage nor the upper tails of the leverage distribution show any upward shift in recent years. On the whole, corporate leverage appears quite stable. The legal environment and quality of a country's institutions are important influences on corporate leverage decisions: firm characteristics such as asset tangibility and size that help to overcome information asymmetries are less important in countries with stronger institutions. During periods of expansive global monetary policy, firms in countries with stronger institutions raise more debt financing and invest more than other firms.
What does it mean to be a Rational Decision Maker

Research on the psychology of decision making has historically relied on the principles of rational choice theory to provide a normative standard. For the most part, empirical research has documented deviations from this normative standard, with debate often centered on just how costly to individuals these deviations are. This paper challenges several normative features of the rational choice model. It suggests that â€œmaximizingâ€ (of utility, expected value, satisfaction) is often not the appropriate normative goal. It suggests that the value of decision outcomes cannot be assessed independent of the decision contexts that give rise to them (i.e., that the value of outcomes is not â€œpath independent.â€ ). And it suggests that the relation between the magnitude of an outcome (or a psychological characteristic) and its value is often non-monotonic. I argue that the honorific â€œrationalâ€ should be based on the substantive and not the formal properties of decisions â€” that an adequate theory of rational decision making should consider the way in which decisions enable people to live good, meaningful, and satisfying lives. And understood in this way, the hallmark of rationality is wise judgment.
Moment risk premia and the cross-section of stock returns in the European stock market

The aim of this paper is to assess the existence and the sign of moment risk premia. To this end, we use methodologies ranging from swap contracts to portfolio sorting techniques in order to obtain robust estimates. We provide empirical evidence for the European stock market for the 2008-2015 time period. Evidence is found of a negative volatility risk premium and a positive skewness risk premium, which are robust to the different techniques and cannot be explained by common risk-factors such as market excess return, size, book-to-market and momentum. Kurtosis risk is not priced in our dataset. Furthermore, we find evidence of a positive risk premium in relation to the firm’s size.
Haloperidol versus chlorpromazine for schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND Chlorpromazine and haloperidol are benchmark antipsychotic drugs. Both are said to be equally effective when used at equivalent doses, but have different side-effect profiles. OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of haloperidol and chlorpromazine for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's register (August 2006). We searched references of all included studies for further trials. We contacted pharmaceutical companies and authors of relevant trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We included all randomised controlled trials that compared haloperidol with chlorpromazine for people with schizophrenia and/or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Citations and, where possible, abstracts were independently inspected by at least two reviewers, papers ordered, re-inspected and quality assessed. We independently extracted data. For dichotomous data we calculated the relative risk (RR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and, where appropriate, the number needed to treat (NNT) on an intention-to-treat basis using a random-effects model. For continuous data, we calculated weighted mean differences (WMD). MAIN RESULTS We found 14 relevant studies, mostly of short duration, poorly reported and conducted in the 1970s (total n=794 participants). Nine of these compared oral formulations of both compounds, and five compared intramuscular formulations. Haloperidol was associated with significantly fewer people leaving the studies early (13 RCTs, n=476, RR 0.26 CI 0.08 to 0.82). The efficacy outcome 'no significant improvement' tended to favour haloperidol, but this difference was not statistically significant (9 RCTs, n=400, RR 0.81 CI 0.64 to 1.04). Movement disorders were more frequent in the haloperidol groups ('at least one extrapyramidal side effect': 6 RCTs, n=37, RR 2.2 CI 1.1 to 4.4, NNH 5 CI 3 to 33), while chlorpromazine was associated with more frequent hypotension (5 RCTs, n=175, RR 0.31 CI 0.11 to 0.88, NNH 7 CI 4 to 25). Similar trends were found when studies comparing intramuscular formulations and studies comparing oral formulations were analysed separately. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Given that haloperidol and chlorpromazine are global standard antipsychotic treatments for schizophrenia, it is surprising that less than 800 people have been randomised to a comparison and that incomplete reporting still makes it difficult for anyone to draw clear conclusions on the comparative effects of these drugs. However, it seems that haloperidol causes more movement disorders than chlorpromazine, while chlorpromazine is significantly more likely to lead to hypotonia. We are surprised to have to say that we feel further, large, well designed, conducted and reported studies are required.
Nominal Price Level and Noise Trading

Contributing to the debate on the nominal price puzzle, we show that higher stock price level is associated with lower noise trading level which confirms Black’s (1986) conjectures that noise traders prefer low-priced stocks to high-priced stocks. The result is robust after controlling for institutional ownership, analyst coverage and company size. Given that noise trading level affects liquidity and cost of capital, this finding demonstrates the economic relevance of price level decision.