Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Naturality and induced representations

We show that induction of covariant representations for C*-dynamical systems is natural in the sense that it gives a natural transformation between certain crossed-product functors. This involves setting up suitable categories of C*-algebras and dynamical systems, and extending the usual constructions of crossed products to define the appropriate functors. From this point of view, Green's Imprimitivity Theorem identifies the functors for which induction is a natural equivalence. Various special cases of these results have previously been obtained on an ad hoc basis.
Long-Term Variability of Daily North Atlantic–European Pressure Patterns since 1850 Classified by Simulated Annealing Clustering

Abstract Reconstructed daily mean sea level pressure patterns of the North Atlantic–European region are classified for the period 1850 to 2003 to explore long-term changes of the atmospheric circulation and its impact on long-term temperature variability in the central European region. Commonly used k-means clustering algorithms resulted in classifications of low quality because of methodological deficiencies leading to local optima by chance for complex datasets. In contrast, a newly implemented clustering scheme combining the concepts of simulated annealing and diversified randomization (SANDRA) is able to reduce substantially the influence of chance in the cluster assignment, leading to partitions that are noticeably nearer to the global optimum and more stable. The differences between conventional cluster analysis and the SANDRA scheme are significant for subsequent analyses of single clusters—in particular, for trend analysis. Conventional indices used to determine the appropriate number of clusters .
Estimating Incumbency Advantages in African Politics : Regression discontinuity evidence from Zambian parliamentary and local government elections

Are incumbents disproportionately advantaged at the polls relative to non-incumbents in Africa’s emerging democracies? The prevailing wisdom characterises African politics as predominantly ‘neopatrimonial’ and ‘semi-authoritarian’ in which incumbents systematically manipulate the electoral process to their own advantage. In stark contrast to this perspective, this study finds significant incumbency dis-advantages in Zambia’s local government elections using a regression discontinuity approach, as well as no discernible incumbency advantages at the parliamentary level over the period 1991-2011. Furthermore, the strength of these disadvantages appear to be closely associated with higher levels of voter information, poorer economic conditions, and a structural shift in party competition. These results effectively expand the incumbency effects literature into the African context and offer an important contrast to the conventional wisdom of African politics.
Dynamics and low-dimensionality of a turbulent near wake

We investigate the dynamics of the near wake in turbulent flow past a circular cylinder up to ten cylinder diameters downstream. The very near wake (up to three diameters) is dominated by the shear layer dynamics and is very sensitive to disturbances and cylinder aspect ratio. We perform systematic spectral direct (DNS) and large-eddy simulations (LES) at Reynolds number (Re) between 500 and 5000 with resolution ranging from 200 000 to 100 000 000 degrees of freedom. In this paper, we analyse in detail results at Re = 3900 and compare them to several sets of experiments. Two converged states emerge that correspond to a U-shape and a V-shape mean velocity profile at about one diameter behind the cylinder. This finding is consistent with the experimental data and other published LES. Farther downstream, the flow is dominated by the vortex shedding dynamics and is not as sensitive to the aforementioned factors. We also examine the development of a turbulent state and the inertial subrange of the corresponding energy spectrum in the near wake. We find that an inertial range exists that spans more than half a decade of wavenumber, in agreement with the experimental results. In contrast, very low-resolution spectral simulation as well as other dissipative LES do not describe accurately the inertial range although they predict low-order statistics relatively accurately. This finding is analysed in the context of coherent structures using a phase averaging technique and a procedure to extract the most energetic (on the average) eigenmodes of the flow. The results suggest that a dynamical model would require of the order of twenty modes to describe the vortex shedding dynamics with reasonable accuracy.
Average daily gain and the impact of starting body weight of individual nursery and finisher Ugandan pigs fed a commercial diet, a forage-based diet, or a silage-based diet

Objectives: To compare average daily gain (ADG) of Ugandan nursery and finisher pigs fed a commercial diet, a forage-based diet, or a silage-based diet, and to compare the cost effectiveness of the diets. Materials and methods: Each pig was randomly assigned to the commercial diet, the forage-based diet, or the silage-based diet. Pigs were weighed every 3 weeks from 65 to 230 days of age. Growth was compared within and across diet on the basis of starting body weight (BW). The cost of feed per kg of BW gain was determined. Results: As age and BW increased, mean BW variability increased in pigs fed the forage-based or silage-based diets and decreased in pigs fed the commercial diet. Starting BW was positively associated with ADG (P < .01). Average daily gain of nursery pigs fed the commercial diet was higher than that of pigs fed the forage-based and silage-based diets. At sufficient BW (≥ 11.9 kg), pigs fed the silage-based diet achieved ADG similar to that in pigs fed the commercial diet. Implications: At sufficient BW (11 to 12 kg) pigs grow well on forage- or silage-based diets. If some ingredients are in surplus on farms, the forage- and silage-based diets are more cost effective than the commercial diet when pigs reach 8.5 kg BW. Interventions to improve weaning weights and provision of creep feed, and identification of nutrient-dense, digestible, palatable feedstuffs for development of low-cost balanced diets are needed in order to improve pig growth performance in East Africa.
Numerical Validation of Chemical Compositional Model for Wettability Alteration Processes

Abstract Chemical compositional simulation of enhanced oil recovery and surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation processes is a complex task that involves solving dozens of equations for all grid blocks representing a reservoir. In the present work, we perform a numerical validation of the newly developed mathematical formulation which satisfies the conservation laws of mass and energy and allows applying a sequential solution approach to solve the governing equations separately and implicitly. Through its application to the numerical experiment using a wettability alteration model and comparisons with existing chemical compositional model’s numerical results, the new model has proven to be practical, reliable and stable.
TRANSVERSE INJECTION OF A PLANE REACTING JET INTO COMPRESSIBLE TURBULENT CHANNEL FLOW

A semi-implicit large-eddy simulation technique is used to predict transport and infinitely fast reaction processes of an / jet injected through a narrow spanwise slot into a subsonic turbulent air flow between isothermal channel walls. The large-eddy simulation (LES) technique is based on approximate deconvolution and explicit modelling of the filtered heat release term. Spatial derivatives are computed using sixth-order accurate central compact schemes. An explicit fourth-order Runge–Kutta algorithm serves for time-integration. Turbulent inflow conditions are generated by a separate LES of fully developed channel flow and are introduced well upstream of the injection station using characteristic boundary conditions. The complex transport processes in the vicinity of the injection region are highlighted by instantaneous and statistically averaged flow quantities by Reynolds stress and total enthalpy balances.
Exploring Associations between Social Support and Mental Health in Older People : A systematic Narrative Review

The association between social support and mental health is still not fully understood, especially among older people. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of research on the topic. The authors undertook a systematic review to identify all review studies irrespective of date, and new primary research studies published since 2007 that examined the associations between social support and mental health among older people. Overall, 24 citations (6 review and 18 original articles) met the inclusion criteria. The results for the ‘main effect’ model and the ‘stress-buffering effect’ model of the action of social support on health were summarised. Overall, the review studies provided moderate evidence that social support has a protective effect on mental health. Results from primary research studies lend some support to the hypothesis of a protective main effect of support, but are far from conclusive. There was weak evidence for a stress buffering effect on the mental health. Stronger evidence was found for the association of emotional support than instrumental support with depression. Although diversity in the characteristics of the studies included, in addition to methodological limitations, makes the estimation of the effects of social support on health complicated, overall at least a moderate importance of social support for mental health of older people was demonstrated. This review indicates areas which need further investigation, such as studies focusing on older people, across non-western countries, studies with prospective research design, and investigation on the role of gender and support providers, using more comprehensive instruments.
Pesticides in Burkina Faso: Overview of the Situation in a Sahelian African Country

Sahelian Africa is a transition zone which is located between the arid Sahara in the north and the humid tropical area from the south. The list of countries covering this area is such as follows; Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Sudan as well as the so called "Horn" of Africa which is formed by Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia. Among the most striking characteristic concerning the climate from this particular African area, we find its instability which means that either it may register heavy rainfalls in short periods, normally between June and September, or suffer from severe droughts. Burkina Faso is an agricultural country with a large rural population. The total area in cultivation is estimated to be 2,900,000 hectares. Synthetic pesticides have been used in Burkina Faso for about eight decades. At a global level, some studies have been carried out on impacts of pesticide use (Eddleston et al., 2002, Konradsen, 2007, Lee and Cha, 2009). However, few updated studies have been carried out on patterns and impacts of pesticides use in Sahelian countries. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of pesticides in Burkina Faso, almost one century after the introduction of synthetic pesticides. Assuming that the other Sahelian countries have the same socio-economic level as Burkina Faso, their patterns of pesticides use may be not different. This briefing summarizes the findings of studies regarding the situation of pesticides in Burkina Faso and the subsequent recommendations for taking action at policy and program levels.
UM OLHAR ECOLÓGICO DA FAMÍLIA SABRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO

Este artigo consistiu na revisao da posicao teorica da psicologia ecologica no estudo da familia e suas implicacoes no desenvolvimento humano. Essa perspectiva recente – a ecologica contrapoe-se aos enfoques tradicionais, enfatizando os aspectos dinâmicos que apontam o contexto, a pessoa em desenvolvimento, o processo e o tempo como variaveis que se interagem reciprocamente. A enfase no contexto influencia familias e seu impacto sobre o desenvolvimento vem acompanhado do contexto cultural e que juntos constituem-se em contextos essenciais para a compreensao do individuo em sua singularidade.
Reduced reproductive success in small populations of the self‐incompatible Primula vulgaris

1 Habitat fragmentation and the resulting decline in population size can affect biotic interactions and reproductive success of plant species. We investigated the impact of habitat type, population size, morph type and frequency, plant density, floral display and predation on different reproductive components in 16 populations of the distylous self‐incompatible perennial herb, Primula vulgaris , a rare, declining species in Belgium. 2 Although habitat type accounted for significant variation in population size, we did not find any relation between habitat type and either reproductive and vegetative characteristics. Population size, however, strongly affected reproductive success, such that plants in small populations produced significantly fewer fruits per plant and seeds per fruit, and therefore fewer seeds per plant. 3 No significant difference was found between morph types for any reproductive characteristic, nor an interaction with population size. However, when morph frequency was strongly biased (≥ 1 : 3), the proportion of flowers setting fruit and the number of seeds per fruit were significantly lower in individuals of the common morph type. 4 Within populations, individual plants varied tremendously in size and floral display. Total number of fruits per plant significantly increased with floral display, but the highest fruit set per flower was found at intermediate flower number. 5 The proportion of fruit suffering pre‐dispersal predation per plant significantly increased with floral display, but this did not offset the potential fitness gains of producing a large display. Furthermore, the absolute number of predated fruits per plant was significantly and positively affected by the interaction of the total number of fruits per plant and the density of the population.
A useful evaluation design, and effects of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program

Abstract The article presents the logic and other characteristics of an “extended selection cohorts” quasi-experimental design. Possible threats to the validity of conclusions based on this kind of design are discussed. It is concluded that chances are good that conclusions about the effects or non-effects of school-based intervention programs will be roughly correct in most cases. The design may be particularly useful in studies where it is not possible or desirable to use a random selection of “control schools” and it should be of value to both practitioners and researchers. The design is illustrated with a study in which three consecutive cohorts of students (n approximately 21 000) were administered the Bully/Victim Questionnaire before and after some 8 months of intervention with the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP). Results indicated quite substantial reductions (by 32–49%) in bully/victim problems. The “time-series” nature of the data showed convincingly that a “history interpretation” of the findings (Cook & Campbell, Quasi-experimentation. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1979) is very unlikely. The data in this project were obtained in the context of a government-funded new national initiative against bullying in Norway. The characteristics of this initiative and the model used in implementing the program in more than 450 schools were briefly described.
Local Labor Market Shocks and Residential Mortgage Payments: Evidence from Shale Oil and Gas Booms

Understanding how changes to local labor market conditions impact household spending and savings decisions is a central topic in labor economics. Frequently, housing is the largest item on a household's balance sheet, and therefore making monthly mortgage payments is often both the largest regular expenditure as well as a primary savings vehicle for households. To investigate the dynamics of this relationship, we examine mortgage payment choices of homeowners who purchased property in areas that later experienced a positive shock to local economic conditions via the shale oil and gas boom. Using a large loan-level dataset with detailed information about mortgage originations and monthly payments, we find that borrowers with properties located in areas with shale oil and gas booms experienced a 6% reduction in the probability of missing a mortgage payment.
Hall effect and transmission electron microscopy of epitaxial MnSi thin films

We present Hall-effect measurements on MnSi/Si(111) epilayers and find an anomalous Hall contribution that is significantly smaller than that in bulk crystals, which enables the observation of an additional contribution to the anomalous signal previously overlooked in MnSi. Our measurements indicate the signal is not due to skyrmions in MnSi thin films, which are absent in out-of-plane fields, but rather are the result of scattering from the cone phase. The absence of magnetic contrast in the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements is consistent with this interpretation [T. L. Monchesky et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 059701 (2014)]. We provide a method to model TEM images of skyrmion lattices to determine the conditions necessary for their observation in other B20 epilayers with an anisotropy that is favorable to their formation.
Probing the Unique Contributions of Self-Concept, Task Values, and Their Interactions Using Multiple Value Facets and Multiple Academic Outcomes

Drawing on expectancy-value theory, the present study examined the unique contributions of the four major value beliefs and self-concept on achievement, self-reported effort, and teacher-rated behavioral engagement in mathematics. In particular, we examined the multiplicative effects of self-concept and task values on educational outcomes using the latent moderated structural equation approach. Participants were 1,868 German ninth-grade students. The data analyses relied on a higher-order structure of value beliefs, which is suited to parsing the differential patterns of predictive relations for different value beliefs. The findings revealed that (a) self-concept was more predictive of achievement, whereas value beliefs were more predictive of self-rated effort; (b) self-concept and value beliefs emerged as equally important predictors of teacher-reported engagement; (c) among the four value beliefs, achievement was more associated with low cost, whereas effort was more associated with attainment value; and (d) latent interactions between self-concept and value beliefs predicted the three outcomes synergistically.
Generalized isotropic Lipkin–Meshkov–Glick models: ground state entanglement and quantum entropies

We introduce a new class of generalized isotropic Lipkin–Meshkov–Glick models with su(m+1) ? > spin and long-range non-constant interactions, whose non-degenerate ground state is a Dicke state of su(m+1) ? > type. We evaluate in closed form the reduced density matrix of a block of L spins when the whole system is in its ground state, and study the corresponding von Neumann and Rényi entanglement entropies in the thermodynamic limit. We show that both of these entropies scale as alog⁡L ? > when L tends to infinity, where the coefficient a is equal to (m − k)/2 in the ground state phase with k vanishing su(m+1) ? > magnon densities. In particular, our results show that none of these generalized Lipkin–Meshkov–Glick models are critical, since when L→∞ ? > their Rényi entropy Rq becomes independent of the parameter q. We have also computed the Tsallis entanglement entropy of the ground state of these generalized su(m+1) ? > Lipkin–Meshkov–Glick models, finding that it can be made extensive by an appropriate choice of its parameter only when m−k⩾3 ? >. Finally, in the su(3) ? > case we construct in detail the phase diagram of the ground state in parameter space, showing that it is determined in a simple way by the weights of the fundamental representation of su(3) ? >. This is also true in the su(m+1) ? > case; for instance, we prove that the region for which all the magnon densities are non-vanishing is an (m + 1)-simplex in Rm ? > whose vertices are the weights of the fundamental representation of su(m+1) ? >.
Decomposition of the Trail Making Test - Reliability and Validity of a Computer Assisted Method for Data Collection

The present study describes the use of computer assisted software to decompose the Trail Making Test. The study shows that this methodology is reliable and produces data comparable to those which are produced using pencil and paper forms. Additionally, it confirms that particular sections of the Trail Making Test provide incremental validity for the assessment of executive functions as measured by the Verbal Fluency and Five Point Tests. The present study suggests that the adaptation of computer assisted testing to clinical practice is an important evolutionary step as it provides clinicians with higher resolution for traditional measures and discerns the multiple cognitive operations within them, allowing for the identification of nonspecific error variance that impacts test performance.
Improves Environmental Engagement Overcoming the Distance : Perspective Taking With Future Humans

The present research tested the effect of perspective taking with a human victim of environmental change on environmental engagement. Participants watched a slideshow portraying a future scenario of a young woman being affected by negative environmental changes. Taking the perspective of this individual increased a set of three behavior indicators (intentions, time spent engaging with information materials, and number of brochures collected) compared with two control groups. The present research provides evidence that perspective taking with other humans can be a powerful trigger of engagement with environmental issues. Thus, perspective taking could be used to engage people with psychologically distant issues such as climate change, for which the full consequences will only become visible at a much later point in time.
Ultrafast nonlinear dynamics of thin gold films due to an intrinsic delayed nonlinearity

Using long-range surface plasmon polaritons light can propagate in metal nano-scale waveguides for ultracompact opto-electronic devices. Gold is an important material for plasmonic waveguides, but although its linear optical properties are fairly well understood, the nonlinear response is still under investigation. We consider the propagation of pulses in ultrathin gold strip waveguides, modeled by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The nonlinear response of gold is accounted for by the two-temperature model, revealing it as a delayed nonlinearity intrinsic in gold. The consequence is that the measured nonlinearities are strongly dependent on pulse duration. This issue has so far only been addressed phenomenologically, but we provide an accurate estimate of the quantitative connection as well as a phenomenological theory to understand the enhanced nonlinear response as the gold thickness is reduced. In comparison with previous works, the analytical model for the power-loss equation has been improved, and can be applied now to cases with a high laser peak power. We show new fits to experimental data from the literature and provide updated values for the real and imaginary parts of the nonlinear susceptibility of gold for various pulse durations and gold layer thicknesses. Our simulations show that the nonlinear loss is inhibiting efficient nonlinear interaction with low-power laser pulses. We therefore propose to design waveguides suitable for the mid-IR, where the ponderomotive instantaneous nonlinearity can dominate over the delayed hot-electron nonlinearity and provide a suitable plasmonics platform for efficient ultrafast nonlinear optics.