Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New online method for water isotope analysis of speleothem fluid inclusions using laser absorption spectroscopy (WS-CRDS)

Abstract. A new online method to analyse water isotopes of speleothem fluid inclusions using a wavelength scanned cavity ring down spectroscopy (WS-CRDS) instrument is presented. This novel technique allows us simultaneously to measure hydrogen and oxygen isotopes for a released aliquot of water. To do so, we designed a new simple line that allows the online water extraction and isotope analysis of speleothem samples. The specificity of the method lies in the fact that fluid inclusions release is made on a standard water background, which mainly improves the δ D robustness. To saturate the line, a peristaltic pump continuously injects standard water into the line that is permanently heated to 140 °C and flushed with dry nitrogen gas. This permits instantaneous and complete vaporisation of the standard water, resulting in an artificial water background with well-known δ D and δ18O values. The speleothem sample is placed in a copper tube, attached to the line, and after system stabilisation it is crushed using a simple hydraulic device to liberate speleothem fluid inclusions water. The released water is carried by the nitrogen/standard water gas stream directly to a Picarro L1102-i for isotope determination. To test the accuracy and reproducibility of the line and to measure standard water during speleothem measurements, a syringe injection unit was added to the line. Peak evaluation is done similarly as in gas chromatography to obtain d and δ18O isotopic compositions of measured water aliquots. Precision is better than 1.5 ‰ for δ D and 0.4 ‰ for δ18O for water measurements for an extended range (−210 to 0 ‰ for δ D and −27 to 0 ‰ for δ18O) primarily dependent on the amount of water released from speleothem fluid inclusions and secondarily on the isotopic composition of the sample. The results show that WS-CRDS technology is suitable for speleothem fluid inclusion measurements and gives results that are comparable to the isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) technique.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA BIOLOGI SMA BERBASIS PENDEKATAN ILMIAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERFIKIR SISWA

This research aimed to develop students worksheet based scientific approaches on senior high school. This study consisted of three phases: analysis, design and development. The worksheets focused on improving the thinking skills of students grade X, XI and XII. Grade X on the material change and environmental conservation focused on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), grade XI on organ systems focused on Critical Thinking Skills , and grade XII on biotechnology materials focused on Creative thinking skills . Simulation test conducted at the Biology Education Laboratory of the University of Riau The scoring of worksheets validated by internal and external validator. Then pilot test on MAN 2, SMA Babussalam, and SMAN 8 Pekanbaru. The Results of the assessment showed that wosksheets based scientific approach has a very valid and valid category that consist a pedagogical aspect, construction, technical and thinking skills. Students' response to worksheets a very good and good category. From the results of this study concluded that the worksheets based scientific approach has the potential to be implemented on a wider scope. Keywords: Student Worksheets, Thinking Skills, Scientific Approach
Optimisation énergétique de chaînes de conversion hydroliennes - modélisation, commandes et réalisations expérimentales

Les hydroliennes representent une des ressources d'energie renouvelable qui a encore besoin d'etudes exploratoires et d'une reelle finalite pratique. Les hydroliennes sont des turbines qui recuperent l'energie cinetique des courants fluviaux ou marins. Equivalentes quelque part aux eoliennes, elles seront plus compactes a puissance egale car l'eau est mille fois plus dense que l'air. L'etude presentee dans le cadre de cette these s'inscrit dans un programme de recherche multidisciplinaire et a pour objet le concept HARVEST base sur une structure verticale nommee colonne qui est composee d'un empilement de turbines "Achard" solidaires sur un meme axe de rotation. Cette these fait partie des travaux menes sur les aspects generation electrique et porte sur les possibilites de controle commande et de pilotage pour les hydroliennes en mode connecte au reseau de puissance infinie ou en mode ilote.
On the record of the red cornet fish Fistularia petimba (Syngnathiformes, Fistularidea) in Jask port, the Oman sea

According to the data recorded from Cadiz area located in the Mediterraneans (Cardenas. et al.,1997) the red cornet fish Fistularia petimba Lacepede,1803 is a large fish typically found along soft bottom coastal areas and usually at a depth of over 10m (Banon and Sande, 2008). Fistularia commersonii is often misidentified as Fistularia petimba Lacepede (Randall, 1992). Cornet fish distribute in the tropical waters of the Atlantic and Indo pacific. The north eastern limit of distribution is recognized in the Atlantic from Cape Blanc and Cape Verde Islands to Angola (Fritzsche, 1990). Besides, the geographic distribution ranges from tropical waters of the Atlantic to the Indian and pacific oceans (Banon and Sande, 2007). Two other variant species records were noted from northward of this area in Cadiz, on the Mediterraneans (Cardenas et al., 1997) and along to the Azores Islands (Azevedo et al., 2004). According to Fritzsche 1976, Fistularia L. comprises four species: F.corneta Gillbert and Starks, 1904, F.petimba Lacepede, 1803, F.taba Caria L. , 1758 and F.commersonii RÜppel, 1835. Species identification was based on the absence of both elongated bony plates embedded in the skin along the midline of the back anterior to dorsal fin posterior lateral line and ossifications ending in a sharp spine immaculate red or orange (typical of F.petimba). No elongated bony plates along the midline of the back, posterior lateral line ossification without a spin, rows of blue spots on the back, sides and snout typically, were observed in Fistularia commersonii (Pais et al., 2007). The genus Fistularia Linnaeus, 1758 contain four species of which only two, Fistularia tabacaria and F.petimba, are distributed in the eastern Atlantic. Fistularia petimba differs from F.tabacaria mainly by the presence of imbricate bony plates prior to the dorsal and anal fins (Fritzsche, 1976, Banon and sande, 2007, Pais et al., 2007), which are clearly visible as well as F.petimba; other species of this genus have been recorded outside their natural distribution area. This is the case of F.tabaccaria occasionally caught in warm and low salinity Hudson river water, New York (Yong et al.,1982, Banon and sande, 2007) and Fistularia yasami_m@yahoo.com
Alteration of the Expression Levels of Rab3A Affects the Extent of Transcytosis of HRP-Labeled Marker Proteins in Rat CNS Neurons

It has been hypothesized that Rab3A, a small GTPase, may be closely involved in the process of dense core vesicle exocytosis in various cell types. This possibility was investigated by disrupting the expression levels of Rab3A-mRNA using a small interfering RNA of the Rab3A GTPase (Rab3A-siRNA) and examining the effect of this on transcytosis of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). Rab3A-siRNA and WGA-HRP were injected into the right vagus nerves of adult rats which were killed 12, 24 or 48 hours later. In some animals, portions of the brain stem containing the nucleus of solitary tract (NST) were prepared for electron microscopy. In other animals, the nodose ganglion of the vagus nerve was used to determine the levels of expression of Rab3A-mRNA using RT-PCR techniques. It was found that the expression of Rab3A-mRNA was markedly depressed in animals at 12 h after the Rab3A-siRNA injection. In the NST, there was an accumulation of HRP-reaction product (RP), recognized as electron dense lysosomal-like structures, in both axons and terminals in the NST 12 h after injection. Some HRP-RP was found in membrane bound vesicles in close proximity to cell membranes and appeared to be in the process of transcytosis. This neuronal transcytosis of HRP-RP appeared to occur at random locations over the axodendritic membranes. These findings indicate that inhibiting the expression of Rab3A-mRNA using Rab3A-siRNA can modulate the level of transcytosis of proteins across neuronal membranes confirming the potentially important role of this GTPase in the process of transcytosis.
The local relaxation flow approach to universality of the local statistics for random matrices

We present a generalization of the method of the local relaxation flow to establish the universality of local spectral statistics of a broad class of large random matrices. We show that the local distribution of the eigenvalues coincides with the local statistics of the corresponding Gaussian ensemble provided the distribution of the individual matrix element is smooth and the eigenvalues fxjg N=1 are close to their classical location fjg N=1 determined by the limiting density of eigenvalues. Under the scaling where the typical distance between neighboring eigenvalues is of order 1=N, the necessary apriori estimate on the location of eigenvalues requires only to know that Ejxj − jj 2 � N 1 " on average. This information can be obtained by well established methods for various matrix ensembles. We demonstrate the method by proving local spectral universality for sample covariance matrices.
Macroeconomic Information and the Implied Volatility: Evidence from India VIX

The present study attempts to examine the scheduled macroeconomic announcement effects on the India VIX using OLS regression model and the EGARCH model. The empirical results show that the information content of macroeconomic news on report day and day after does not have significant influences on India VIX, except MCIR. Besides, the findings reveal no significant response of India VIX during one day before the scheduled news announcements. This is due to the fact that India VIX market is more uncertain before the declaration of the results of MCIR convention of RBI, Export, Import, Fiscal Deficit, GDP, IIP and Inflation (CPI/WPI). The study shows that investors do not need to consider the scheduled macroeconomic announcement except MCIR meeting day and one day after in the valuation of options pricing or financial planning.
ENVISIONING THE FUTURE: SECOND CAREER TEACHERS' HOPES AND CONCERNS

SHOSH LESHEM Abstract: Teacher shortage has become a serious problem for many educational systems around the world which offer alternative programmes. Many of these programmes recruit candidates from different professions. The study sought to explore Second Career Teachers’ hopes and concerns in an Intensive Alternative Certification Programme for teachers of TEFL in a teacher education college, focusing on second career teachers’ future orientation and possible-selves. The study adopted an inductive approach and included 32 candidates who responded to an open-ended questionnaire inquiring about their hopes and concerns at their initial steps in the programme. The theoretical perspectives draw on future orientation and possible selves theories. The study exposed teachers’ multiple possible-selves that might need nurturing. This should raise awareness among curriculum planners of teacher education programmes and foreground the skills and backgrounds that career changers bring with them and help them see the value and relevance to their practice.
Solar cycle signals in sea level pressure and sea surface temperature

Abstract. We identify solar cycle signals in 155 years of global sea level pressure (SLP) and sea surface temperature (SST) data using a multiple linear regression approach. In SLP we find in the North Pacific a statistically significant weakening of the Aleutian Low and a northward shift of the Hawaiian High in response to higher solar activity, confirming the results of previous authors using different techniques. We also find a weak but broad reduction in pressure across the equatorial Pacific. In SST we identify a weak El Nino-like pattern in the tropics for the 155 year period, unlike the strong La Nina-like signal found recently by some other authors. We show that the latter have been influenced by the technique of compositing data from peak years of the sunspot cycle because these years have often coincided with the negative phase of the ENSO cycle. Furthermore, the date of peak annual sunspot number (SSN) generally falls a year or more in advance of the broader maximum of the 11-year solar cycle so that analyses which incorporate data from all years represent more coherently the difference between periods of high and low solar activity on these timescales. We also find that studies of the solar signal in SST over the second half of the 20th century may alias as ENSO signal if this is not properly taken into account.
Zero-sum path-dependent stochastic differential games in weak formulation

We consider zero-sum stochastic differential games with possibly path-dependent controlled state. Unlike the previous literature, we allow for weak solutions of the state equation so that the players' controls are automatically of feedback type. Under some restrictions, needed for the a priori regularity of the upper and lower value functions of the game, we show that the game value exists when both the appropriate path-dependent Isaacs condition, and the uniqueness of viscosity solutions of the corresponding path-dependent Isaacs-HJB equation hold. We also provide a general verification argument and a characterisation of saddle-points by means of an appropriate notion of second-order backward SDEs.
A Bayesian Approach to Estimating Background Flows from a Passive Scalar

We consider the statistical inverse problem of estimating a background flow field (e.g., of air or water) from the partial and noisy observation of a passive scalar (e.g., the concentration of a solute), a common experimental approach to visualizing complex fluid flows. Here the unknown is a vector field that is specified by a large or infinite number of degrees of freedom. Since the inverse problem is ill-posed, i.e., there may be many or no background flows that match a given set of observations, we adopt a Bayesian approach to regularize it. In doing so, we leverage frameworks developed in recent years for infinite-dimensional Bayesian inference. The contributions in this work are threefold. First, we lay out a functional analytic and Bayesian framework for approaching this problem. Second, we define an adjoint method for efficient computation of the gradient of the log likelihood, a key ingredient in many numerical methods. Finally, we identify interesting example problems that exhibit posterior measures with simple and complex structure. We use these examples to conduct a large-scale benchmark of Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods developed in recent years for infinite-dimensional settings. Our results indicate that these methods are capable of resolving complex multimodal posteriors in high dimensions.
Conductive polythiophene-based brushes grafted from an ITO surface via a self-templating approach

Conductive polythiophene-based brushes grafted from an indium tin oxide substrate were fabricated as promising materials with directional conductivity for potential optoelectronic applications. The obtained brushes, thanks to their ordered structure and large conjugation length, exhibited high conductivity after chemical doping. Surface-initiated photoiniferter mediated polymerization of a 3-methylthienyl methacrylate monomer was used in the first step of grafting enabling formation of dense brushes. In the second step a self-templating approach that utilized oxidative polymerization of the pendant thiophene groups in the grafted multimonomer chains was used for the formation of ladder-like conjugated brushes. The polymerization conditions were optimized towards the largest possible effective conjugation lengths of the macromolecules. The rate of the undesirable spontaneous iodine dedoping process was followed for the first time using conductive atomic force microscopy. UV-VIS and grazing angle IR spectroscopy were applied to find correlations between various synthetic procedures and the conjugation lengths of the brushes.
IMITATE OR RECALL : HOW DO MUSICIANS PERFORM RAGA PHRASES ?

A raga performance in Hindustani vocal music builds upon a melodic framework wherein ragacharacteristic phrases are presented with creative variations while strongly retaining their identity. It is therefore of interest, for both music information retrieval and pedagogy, to understand better the space of “allowed” variations of the melodic motifs. Our recent study of melodic shapes corresponding to a selected raga phrase showed that variations in the temporal extent of a passing note within a characteristic phrase was perceived categorically by trained musicians. In this work, we investigate the same phenomenon via a different paradigm ‘listen and imitate’ wherein the results are achieved in a more natural situation for the subjects. The results demonstrate that trained musicians perform a memory abstraction of the ragacharacteristic phrases and are deaf to small acoustic differences when instructed to imitate. The analyses also provides insights into the relative importance of the constituent svaras in a phrase in the raga context. KeywordsRaga-characteristic phrase, Listen and Imitate, Categorical Perception (CP).
Life at risk – an empirical investigation of the design of workplaces in control rooms

Control rooms for supervising traffic or emergency situations are increasingly introduced in companies and other governmental organisations. Employees of safety-critical workplaces have to deal with a large amount of problems every day: Quick decision-making, coping with an overload of information and stress are the most important. Designing appropriate workplaces for employees in such organisations is essential. The following paper describes the results of an investigation in two companies with control rooms. Results indicate that the systems deployed in such control rooms support the operators efficiently. Stress is a more important influencing factor. We could not find any significant gender effects concerning the design of workplaces in control rooms.
Interventional modalities for the prevention and management of acute ischemic stroke : current evidence and future directions : a clinical review

Objective The purpose of this clinical review is to evaluate several options available for the treatment and prevention of acute ischemic stroke. Methods A clinical review was performed using MEDLINE and PubMed with the following search terms: cerebral vascular accident, stroke, cerebral infarction, patent foramen ovale, atrial fibrillation, hypothermia, left atrial appendage, clot retrieval, MERCI, intra-arterial revascularization, stenting, and endarterectomy. A search of UpToDate and AccessMedicine was utilized for background information. Results This review article includes information from 136 research articles in English. In addition to tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), widely utilized for acute stroke treatment, more recent modalities include intra-arterial thrombolytics, mechanical clot retrieval, and therapeutic hypothermia. Secondary prevention is also growing with interventional procedures for atrial fibrillation, atrial septal defects, and carotid atherosclerosis. Conclusion Several of these treatment and prevention modalities are currently recommended in selected situations, whereas others remain in clinical trials reviewing safety and efficacy.
Factors Influencing the Constraints Perceived by the Small Scale Backyard Goat Farmers

A study was carried out to analyze the constraints in the small scale backyard goat farming in Perambalur district of Tamil Nadu. The data for the study was collected from 60 backyard goat farmersâ€™ by simple random sampling method. Backyard goat farming is largely carried out by the resource poor households for support purposes because of their low initial investment. Though the goat farmers earn profit from the goat farming they face lots of problems in day to day farming activities which reduces their income. Constraints in the various categories of goat farming were analyzed using Likert scale. Lack of knowledge about balanced feeding, non-availability of green fodder, non-availability of improved breeding bucks, higher mortality rate in kids, exploitation by middlemen, lack of willingness in youths to take up the goat farming, lack of scientific knowledge in rearing goats, attack of goats / kids by predators were perceived as major constraints in backyard goat farming. The factors influencing the intensity of constraints were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Among the eight demographic and farm related variables taken as explanatory variables, five variables viz., educational status, occupation, distance from the veterinary hospital, distance from the market and experience in the goat farming were found to be associated with the constraint score in a significant manner and other variables were statistically non-significant.
Optimisation en ligne des expériences réalisées à l'aide de biocapteurs dont le principe de détection est la résonance plasmonique de surface

Surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors have been applied to the determination of macromolecule concentration. Up to now, the proposed experimental approaches have relied either on the generation of a calibration curve that only exploit few data points from each sensorgram, or on multiple injections of the unknown sample at various flow rates. In this manuscript, we show that prior knowledge of the kinetic parameters related to the interaction of the species with a given partner could advantageously reduce the number of injections that are required by both aforementioned methods, thereby reducing experimental time, while maintaining good level of confidence on the determined concentrations.