Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
European framework for surveillance and monitoring of habitats: a methodological approach for Spain

There is a well defined policy requirement for a practical and reproducible procedure for surveillance and monitoring of habitats in Spain that can subsequently be fitted into a European framework. Any such procedure also needs to incorporate records of the Spanish habitat classification. A procedure is described that will satisfy those requirements and has been field tested both in Spain and in Europe. Rigorous rules and training are required; otherwise changes from baseline records cannot reliably be separated from background noise. The procedure uses the classical plant life forms long used in biogeography and is based on their statistical relationship with the environment. This relationship has been validated statistically and the procedure has also been tested in the field in all European environmental zones and widely in Spain. 130 General Habitat Categories are defined and these are enhanced in the field by recording environmental, site and management qualities to produce a flexible database that can then be interrogated. The rules for mapping the habitats mean that they can be used for descriptive purposes or for monitoring. In conjunction with stratification and subsequent sampling, national estimates of stock and change can then be produced. Finally, based on the previous experience of SISPARES, a methodological scheme is proposed for adapting the approach to Spain. The proposal will allow links to be made between European scale surveillance and monitoring to those already obtained for Spain.
Spatial separation of small and large grains in the transitional disk around the young star IRS 48

Aims. We present spatially resolved mid-infrared images of the disk surrounding the young star IRS 48 in the Ophiuchus cloud complex. The disk exhibits a ring-like structure at 18.7 mu m, and is dominated by very strong emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at shorter wavelengths. This allows a detailed study of the relative distributions of small and large dust grains. Methods. Images of IRS 48 in 5 mid-infrared bands from 8.6 to 18.7 mu m as well as a low resolution N-band spectrum are obtained with VLT-VISIR. Optical spectroscopy is used to determine the spectral type of the central star and to measure the strength of the H alpha line. Results. The 18.7 mu m ring peaks at a diameter of 110 AU, with a gap of similar to 60 AU. The shape of the ring is consistent with an inclination of i = 48 degrees +/- 8 degrees. In contrast, the 7.5 - 13 mu m PAH emission bands are centered on the source and appear to fill the gap within the ring. The measured PAH line strengths are 10 - 100 x stronger than those typically measured for young M0 stars and can only be explained with a high PAH abundance and/or strong excess optical/UV emission. The morphology of the images, combined with the absence of a silicate emission feature, imply that the inner disk has been cleared of micron-sized dust but with a significant population of PAHs remaining. We argue that the gap can be due to grain growth and settling or to clearing by an unseen planetary or low-mass companion. IRS 48 may represent a short-lived transitional phase from a classical to a weak-line T Tauri star.
Examination of Youth Team Athletes' Social Values According to Some Variables.

In this study, it was aimed to examine of youth team athletes' social values according to some variables. The study was carried out by screening model and includes in range of 9-17 years 273 youth team athletes who take part in individual and team sports such as Taekwondo, Handball, Badminton, Wrestling, Volleyball and Football. "A tool for Measuring Values: Multi-Dimensional Social Values Scale" developed by Bolat (2013) and "Demographic Characteristic Questionnaire" were used. For statistical analysis of the data obtained from the study, arithmetic mean and standard deviation were applied. Since the variable did not meet the normal distribution and homogeneity conditions, t-test and ANOVA test were applied from the parametric tests and significance level of . 05 was selected for statistical significance. As a result of the study, according to the age variable, statistically significant differences were found in the Family Values, Scientific Values, Working-Job Values, Religious Values, Traditional Values and Political Values sub-dimensions of 11-12 age group athletes. There was a significant difference in Scientific Values, Working-Job Values, Religious Values and Traditional Values sub-dimension scores of the athletes according to gender variable. It was also found out that team athletes' scores of Family Values, Scientific Values, Religious Values and Traditional Values sub-dimension were higher than individual athletes.
On self-similar sets with overlaps and inverse theorems for entropy in $\mathbb{R}^d$

We study self-similar sets and measures on $\mathbb{R}^{d}$. Assuming that the defining iterated function system $\Phi$ does not preserve a proper affine subspace, we show that one of the following holds: (1) the dimension is equal to the trivial bound (the minimum of $d$ and the similarity dimension $s$); (2) for all large $n$ there are $n$-fold compositions of maps from $\Phi$ which are super-exponentially close in $n$; (3) there is a non-trivial linear subspace of $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ that is preserved by the linearization of $\Phi$ and whose translates typically meet the set or measure in full dimension. In particular, when the linearization of $\Phi$ acts irreducibly on $\mathbb{R}^{d}$, either the dimension is equal to $\min\{s,d\}$ or there are super-exponentially close $n$-fold compositions. We give a number of applications to algebraic systems, parametrized systems, and to some classical examples. The main ingredient in the proof is an inverse theorem for the entropy growth of convolutions of measures on $\mathbb{R}^{d}$, and the growth of entropy for the convolution of a measure on the orthogonal group with a measure on $\mathbb{R}^{d}$. More generally, this part of the paper applies to smooth actions of Lie groups on manifolds.
Factors Influencing Profit Distribution Management of Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia

This study aims to determine and obtain empirical evidences regarding the effect of deposits, product asset management, and rate of inflation on profit distribution management at Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia during 2012-2014 periods. By using purposive sampling, 10 samples of Sharia Commercial Banks were observed on a quarterly basis, and the 120 panel data were gained. The data were analyzed by employing multiple linear regression. The result shows that Deposits have positive significant effects on Profit Distribution Management. Productive Assets Management has negative significant effects on Profit Distribution Management. Rate of Inflation has negative significant effect on Profit Distribution Management. Deposits, Productive Assets Management, Rate of Inflation simultaneously have significant effects on Profit Distribution Management.
Social Media use within medical education: A systematic review to develop a pilot questionnaire on how social media can be best used at BSMS

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background: Since the early 2000s social media has become a major part of our daily lives, and over the past decade it has found its way into the medical profession. Despite its ubiquity, only 5 systematic reviews exist on the subject of social medial use within medical education. The reviews conclude that there are positive correlations linked to social media use however the studies are restricted by the same limitations: a lack of quantitative data and the fact that social media research fast becomes outdated. This review will therefore examine the latest studies in order to identify which questions remain to be answered and what areas need further development in order for social media to become a credible resource within medical education. The information gained from this process will be amalgamated to create a valid questionnaire which will produce quantitative data. Methods: A systematic review of Pubmed, Cochrane, PsychINFO, ERIC & Scopus was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was from 1st January 2014 to the 12th January 2017 and included keywords linked with social media and medical education. 27 papers were identified: 12 qualitative and 15 quantitative. From this data a questionnaire was drafted and put to a focus group in order for it to be validated. Results: Six major themes were identified and analysed: community & interactivity, communication & feedback, learning theories, social media vs traditional didactic lectures, role of faculty and professionalism. Quantitative data was limited but highlighted the efficiency of social media use especially when Facebook and Twitter were used. After the analysis a validated questionnaire was produced. Conclusion: Social media can be a useful tool within the medical curriculum if implemented correctly. The final questionnaire can be used to generate quantitative data on the following questions: which platforms are most effective and for what purposes? How beneficial is social media to teaching? and What do students understand the benefits/disadvantages of academic social media platforms to be?
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) and Bank Mortgage Costs: Empirical Evidence

In July 2000, Australia implemented a new tax system of goods and services tax (GST). Since then Australia has experienced significant rises in mortgage costs and decline in housing affordability. Although prior research has attempted to investigate the impact of the GST on the general price level, a central question of what extent to which the GST has impacted on mortgage costs remains unanswered. Using unique data of all banks in Australia (covering 36 months), this paper empirically examines and quantitatively measures the changes of mortgage costs in the preand post-GST periods. Results of t-tests and regressions provide robust evidence that the banks significantly increased their mortgage charges in the post-GST periods. For example, the increase is found to be, on average, 52.4 basis points. It is also found that the rise in mortgage costs is not a one-off impact. This study is the first one internationally that examines the impact of the GST on bank mortgage costs and the findings should have important financial, economic and policy implications. JEL Classification: G21; G12; H25; G14
The Effects of Anthropogenic Stressors on Mercury Concentrations and Community Composition of Freshwater Zooplankto

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact pdxscholar@pdx.edu. Recommended Citation Jordan, Meredith Powers, "The Effects of Anthropogenic Stressors on Mercury Concentrations and Community Composition of Freshwater Zooplankton" (2016). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3364.
ANGE STUDENT ANGER AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN SCHOOL : AN INITIAL TEST OF AGNEW ’ S MACRO-LEVEL STRAIN THEORY TIMOTHY BREZINA

Variation in criminal/delinquent behavior across communities, schools, and other social units is usually explained in terms of social disorganization and subcultural values. Agnew’s macro-level strain theory (MST), however, provides an additional explanation. MST contends that macro-level differences in crime and deviance can also be explained in terms of aggregate levels of anger and frustration. Following Agnew’s recommendations, the authors conduct an initial school-level test of MST using data on aggressive student behavior from a national sample of public high schools. The results of the assessment lend partial support to the theory, showing that student-to-student conflict is partly a function of the level of anger in the student population. Other forms of aggressive student behavior, however, are not likewise affected. Nonetheless, the authors believe the findings are sufficiently promising to warrant further examination of MST, and they offer some suggestions in this regard.
Projecting of wave height and water level on reef-lined coasts due to intensified tropical cyclones and sea level rise in Palau to 2100

Abstract. Tropical cyclones (TCs) and sea level rise (SLR) cause major problems including beach erosion, saltwater intrusion into groundwater, and damage to infrastructure in coastal areas. The magnitude and extent of damage is predicted to increase as a consequence of future climate change and local factors. Upward reef growth has attracted attention for its role as a natural breakwater, reducing the risks of natural disasters to coastal communities. However, projections of change in the risk to coastal reefs under conditions of intensified TCs and SLR are poorly quantified. In this study we projected the wave height and water level on Melekeok reef in the Palau Islands by 2100, based on wave simulations under intensified TCs (significant wave height at the outer ocean: SWHo = 8.7–11.0 m; significant wave period at the outer ocean: SWPo = 13–15 s) and SLR (0.24–0.98 m). To understand effects of upward reef growth on the reduction of the wave height and water level, the simulation was conducted for two reef condition scenarios: a degraded reef and a healthy reef. Moreover, analyses of reef growth based on a drilled core provided an assessment of the coral community and rate of reef production necessary to reduce the risk from TCs and SLR on the coastal areas. According to our calculations under intensified TCs and SLR by 2100, significant wave heights at the reef flat (SWHr) will increase from 1.05–1.24 m at present to 2.14 m if reefs are degraded. Similarly, by 2100 the water level at the shoreline (WLs) will increase from 0.86–2.10 m at present to 1.19–3.45 m if reefs are degraded. These predicted changes will probably cause beach erosion, saltwater intrusion into groundwater, and damage to infrastructure, because the coastal village is located at ∼ 3 m above the present mean sea level. These findings imply that even if the SWHr is decreased by only 0.1 m by upward reef growth, it will probably reduce the risks of costal damages. Our results showed that a healthy reef will reduce a maximum of 0.44 m of the SWHr. According to analysis of drilled core, corymbose Acropora corals will be key to reducing the risks, and 2.6–5.8 kg CaCO3 m−2 yr−1, equivalent to > 8 % of coral cover, will be required to keep a healthy reef by 2100. This study highlights that the maintaining reef growth (as a function of coral cover) in the future is effective in reducing the risk of coastal damage arising from wave action. Although the present study focuses on Melekeok fringing reef, many coral reefs are in the same situation under conditions of intensified TCs and SLR, and therefore the results of this study are applicable to other reefs. These researches are critical in guiding policy development directed at disaster prevention for small island nations and for developing and developed countries.
A comparative study of Mantoux test and BCG test in diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis

Background: India has one of the highest tuberculosis (TB) burdens globally. However, few studies have focused on TB in young children, a vulnerable population, where lack of early diagnosis results in poor outcomes. Methods: The present study was undertaken to assess the sensitivity and specificity of tuberculin test (Mantoux) and BCG test in diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis and to compare above tests as a diagnostic tool and to assess the impact of factors affecting the test. Mantoux test was done with 1 TU contained in 0.1 ml of PPD R23 with tween 80 solution. BCG test was done using a heat stable freeze-dried vaccine, after fresh reconstitution and injected intradermally in left deltoid region with a tuberculin syringe and 27 G hypodermic needle. Results: Tuberculous cases were more common in malnourished subjects more so with severe malnutrition. While maximum positivity 89% was obtained with BCG test, it was only 63% with Mantoux test, done with 5TU of PPDRT-23. BCG was always positive whenever PPD was positive in any group of children. Sensitivity of Mantoux test was around 63% whereas that of BCG test was 89%. BCG test was more significantly associated with disease than tuberculin test (p <0.001). Conclusions: BCG test is a very sensitive and specific test for diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. Mantoux test is affected by malnutrition and severity of disease whereas BCG test is affected only minimally. BCG test is more sensitive than Mantoux test (with 5TU PPD RT 23 Tween 80). A BCG induration of ≥10 mm or Mantoux induration ≥15 mm or an accelerated BCG test is indicative of active disease, irrespective of vaccination status of the patient.
Evaluation of Methyl Red Tolerant Cyanobacteria for Simultaneous Laccase Production and Dye Decolorization

While the textile industries have and will continue to play a vital role in the economic growth of India one unfortunate historic side effect has been the ubiquitous use of synthetic azo dyes which pose potential threat to aquatic environmental ecosystems if effluent from such industries is left untreated. In this study, of the ten cyanobacterial strains tested, six were found to tolerate exposure to a test methyl red (MR) dye well as indicated good cell growth. Further investigation of the concentration of various photosynthetic pigments, and the production of phenol degrading laccase enzymes in the bacteria in the presence of MR dye indicated that all six tolerant strains (Spirulina-C5, Spirulina-C10, Spirulina-C11, Lyngbya, Phormidium and Synechocystis) exhibited a significantly higher concentration (P<0.05) of pigments and significantly higher production (P<0.05) of extracellular proteins in the presence of dye. The best performing strain, Spirulina-C11, produced significantly greater amounts of laccase (59.57 mU/ml) at 10 days relative to all other strains which was further enhanced (71.52 mU/ml) following addition of guaiacol as an inducer. Guaiacol also induced increased protein content that may was attributed to an increase in de nova synthesis of phenol degrading enzymes and stress tolerance proteins. In practice Spirulina-C11 was able to effectively decolorize 65.2% of methyl red solution within 48 hrs.
Assessment of EGM 2008 using GPS / levelling and free-air gravity anomalies over Nairobi County and its environs

The performance of Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008) is evaluated over Nairobi County and its environs using GPS/levelling and free-air gravity anomalies. The data used include 18 GPS/levelling and 97 gravity points. The heights in Kenya are referred to the mean sea level and they are generally considered as orthometric heights. Hence the height anomalies obtained from tide-free EGM2008 model are converted to geoid undulations using a conversion model supplied with EGM2008. The standard deviation of the differences between EGM2008 implied and GPS/levelling geoid undulations at the 18 points is ±11.6 cm while the standard deviation of the differences between EGM2008 implied free-air and observed free-air gravity anomalies at the 97 points is ±10.7 mGal. These results indicate a high potential for EGM2008 in geoid modelling over Kenya. An initial highresolution gravimetric geoid model over Kenya can be developed by combining EGM2008 and local gravity data sets.
The origin of late archaean granitoids in the Sukumaland greenstone belt of Northern Tanzania: geochemical and isotopic constraints

Granitoids intruding the late Archaean sequences of the Sukumaland Greenstone Belt of northern Tanzania belong to two distinct geochemical suites. Suite 1 is characterised by Na2O/K2O > 1 (1.04 – 4.67), high Sr/Y (56 – 204) and Ba/Rb ratios (6.1 – 27.1) and low Rb/Sr ratios (0.08 - 0.25). The rocks are enriched in Sr (405 – 1264 ppm) and depleted in Yb (0.17 – 0.93 ppm) and Rb (56 – 132 ppm). On chondrite-normalised REE diagrams, the rocks display highly fractionated patterns characterised by relative LREE enrichment ((La/Yb)N = 23 – 128 and (Gd/Yb)N = 3.10 – 8.54) and lower concentrations of the HREE (YbN = 0.80 – 4.45). On primitive mantle-normalised spidergrams, Nb and Ti, together with P and Y are depleted relative to adjacent elements. The major and trace element characteristics of Suite 1 are comparable to those of typical Archaean TTG suites and High Silica Adakites (HSA). Suite 2 granitoids are characterised by Na2O/K2O Tanzania Journal of Science Vol. 32 (1) 2006: pp. 75-88
A review of methods for the assessment of prediction errors in conservation presence/absence models

Predicting the distribution of endangered species from habitat data is frequently perceived to be a useful technique. Models that predict the presence or absence of a species are normally judged by the number of prediction errors. These may be of two types: false positives and false negatives. Many of the prediction errors can be traced to ecological processes such as unsaturated habitat and species interactions. Consequently, if prediction errors are not placed in an ecological context the results of the model may be misleading. The simplest, and most widely used, measure of prediction accuracy is the number of correctly classified cases. There are other measures of prediction success that may be more appropriate. Strategies for assessing the causes and costs of these errors are discussed. A range of techniques for measuring error in presence/absence models, including some that are seldom used by ecologists (e.g. ROC plots and cost matrices), are described. A new approach to estimating prediction error, which is based on the spatial characteristics of the errors, is proposed. Thirteen recommendations are made to enable the objective selection of an error assessment technique for ecological presence/absence models.
Intended Ties with Local Institutions as Factors in Innovation: An Application to Spanish Manufacturing Firms

In this paper we seek to check for a number of interactions between firms and the external environment. We aim to contribute to the discussion on the role of the regional environment in a firm's innovation performance. We test the statistical significance of a number of particular interactions between institutions and firm innovation. In particular, we have hypothesized the association between trade and professional institutions, technological centres, and cooperation arrangements and innovation. In contrast with existing studies, we have provided empirical evidence of the impact of external factors on individual firms.
Analysis of the operation of gradient echo memories using a quantum input–output model

The gradient echo memory (GEM) technique is a promising candidate for real devices due to its demonstrated performance, but to date high performance experiments can only be described numerically. In this paper we derive a model for GEM as a cascade of infinite interconnected harmonic oscillators. We take a quantum input–output approach to analyse this system, describing the read and write processes of GEM each as a linear-time-invariant process. We provide an analytical solution to the problem in terms of transfer functions which describe the memory behaviour for arbitrary inputs and operating regimes. This allows us to go beyond previous works and analyse the storage quality in the regimes of high optical depth and memory-bandwidth comparable to input bandwidth, exactly the regime of high-efficiency experiments.