Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurologic Infections

Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are often rapidly progressive and can be fatal if left undiagnosed or treatment is delayed. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are, therefore, crucial to decreasing morbidity and mortality. Patients with CNS infections may require intensive care unit (ICU) admission, most commonly for airway protection and mechanical ventilation due to altered mental status. Similarly, patients with undiagnosed CNS infections may be admitted to the ICU, where intensivists can play a role in diagnosis and optimize outcomes with early and effective therapy. Identification of the presence or absence of focal neurologic findings is important in patients with suspected neurologic infections as this helps to focus the differential diagnosis and identify patients in whom lumbar puncture (LP) may be contraindicated—at least until neuroimaging is completed. The major neurologic infections encountered in the critically ill include acute bacterial meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess, subdural empyema, epidural abscess, and suppurative intracranial thrombophlebitis. Neurologic findings may also be the result of primary nonneurologic syndromes, such as sepsis, and are covered in other chapters. Neurologic infections in advanced HIV/AIDS are also covered separately. The CNS is normally protected by various host defenses, the most important of which is the blood–brain barrier. Once microorganisms gain entry, however, they are able to proliferate rapidly due to low concentrations of immunoglobulins and leukocytes in the CNS. Viral, bacterial, mycobacterial, fungal, or parasitic agents can all cause CNS infection. Patient age, underlying host factors, and epidemiologic exposures including travel, animal or vector exposures, and contacts with infectious cases are important risk factors for acquiring specific infections. Prompt physical examination to identify patients in need of urgent interventions—including endotracheal intubation—should be performed, followed by LP and/ or imaging studies. New techniques in the areas of molecular diagnostics and neuroimaging have revolutionized the diagnosis of CNS infections. New therapeutic options, as well as improvements in intensive care support, have also enhanced outcomes in these patients.
Precise Control Over Legislative Vote Outcomes: A Forensic Approach to Political Economics

We propose a forensic approach to investigate the politico-economic forces that influence narrow vote outcomes in legislative assemblies. Applying nonparametric estimation techniques to a data set covering all roll call votes between 1990 and 2014, we can identify the existence of precise control over legislative vote outcomes in the U.S. House of Representatives. Several pieces of evidence indicate that this control seems to be, at least partly, driven by campaign finance donations. Moreover, control seems to be most prevalent in times of higher electoral competition, i.e. during election years. Our contribution sheds new light on the role of money in politics and, more generally, opens a novel perspective to empirical research on legislative voting.
The metamorphism of pyrite and pyritic ores: an overview

Abstract Pyrite, the most widespread and abundant of sulphide minerals in the Earth's surficial rocks, commonly constitutes the primary opaque phase in ore deposits. Consequently, an understanding of the behaviour of pyrite and its relationships with coexisting phases during the metamorphism of pyritebearing rocks is vital to the interpretation of their genesis and post-depositional history. Metamorphism is commonly responsible for the obliteration of primary textures but recent studies have shown that the refractory nature of pyrite allows it to preserve some pre-metamorphic textures. Pyrrhotite in pyritic ores has often been attributed to the breakdown of pyrite during metamorphism. It is now clear that pyrrhotite can be primary and that the presence of pyrrhotite with the pyrite provides a buffer that constrains sulphur activity during metamorphism. Pyrite-pyrrhotite ratios change during metamorphism as prograde heating results in sulphur release from pyrite to form pyrrhotite and as retrograde cooling permits re-growth of pyrite as the pyrrhotite releases sulphur. Retrograde growth of pyrite may encapsulate textures developed during earlier stages as well as preserve evidence of retrograde events. Sulphur isotope exchange of pyrite with pyrrhotite tends to homogenise phases during prograde periods but leaves signatures of increasingly heavy sulphur in the pyrite during retrograde periods.
(IAM Series No 001) On the Out-Of-Sample Importance of Skewness and Asymetric Dependence for Asset Allocation

Recent studies in the empirical finance literature have reported evidence of two types of asymmetries in the joint distribution of stock returns. The first is skewness in the distribution of individual stock returns, while the second is an asymmetry in the dependence between stocks: stock returns appear to be more highly correlated during market downturns than during market upturns. In this paper we examine the economic and statistical significance of these asymmetries for asset allocation decisions in an out-of-sample setting. We consider the problem of a CRRA investor allocating wealth between the risk-free asset, a small-cap and a large-cap portfolio, using monthly data. We use models that can capture time-varying means and variances of stock returns, and also the presence of time-varying skewness and kurtosis. Further, we use copula theory to construct models of the time-varying dependence structure that allow for greater dependence during bear markets than bull markets. The importance of these two asymmetries for asset allocation is assessed by comparing the performance of a portfolio based on a normal distribution model with a portfolio based on a more flexible distribution model. For a variety of performance measures and levels of risk aversion our results suggest that capturing skewness and asymmetric dependence leads to gains that are economically significant, and statistically significant in some cases. Keywords: stock returns, forecasting, density forecasting, normality, asymmetry, copulas.J.E.L. Codes: G11, C32, C51.
How can Cooperation be Fostered? The Cultural Effects of Individualism-Collectivism

Studies of cooperation are abundant in the social sciences, but organizational researchers are calling for integrating the numerous conceptions of cooperation and meeting the new challenges of cultural differences. In this article we develop a culturally contingent model of cooperation. We differentiate various mechanisms from cooperative behaviors and theorize about how culture affects behavioral cooperation through mechanism selection or modification. Delineating cultural effects, we derive patterned differences in the instrumental and expressive motives of individualists and collectivists and propose six culturally contrasting cooperation mechanisms. Finally, we discuss directions for future research and consider implications for practice.
SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF OVINE Q FEVER IN BASRA PROVINCE ,IRAQ

Indirect ELISA test was used to detect specific antibodies against Coxiella burnetti in sheep in different regions of Basra province.184 local sheep breeds were randomly selected of different ages and of both sexes were used in this study, including 98 pregnant ewes, 55 non-pregnant ewes, 8 aborted ewes ,7 ewes of still births, moreover 112 lower than 2 years,more than 2 years 72and 13 rams. Results showed, that the percentage of infection detected by indirect ELISA were 41.84%. It have been concluded that C.burnetti were infected ewes of different status in Basra province, therefor periodic investigation of suspected animals must adviced. were a significant between, areas, age, groups pregnancy status and still birth ewes . incontrast non significant different were detected among gender , abortion .
El Niño Impacts on Precipitation in the Western North Pacific–East Asian Sector

Abstract In this study, the western North Pacific–East Asian (WNP–EA) rainfall anomaly induced by the strong El Nino in 1982–83, 1991–92, and 1997–98, and its association with the mean state, are examined. Over the northern part of the WNP–EA region (north of 20°N), which is dominated by southwest–northeast tilting frontal systems, positive rainfall anomalies from the fall before the El Nino peak phase (year 0) to the first wet period after the peak phase (year 1) are affected by low- and midlevel horizontal moisture convergence anomalies induced by low-level anticyclonic circulation anomalies over the WNP region that are associated with El Nino. Over the southern part of the WNP–EA region (south of 20°N), which is dominated by tropical convection, positive precipitation anomalies in the first and second wet periods of year 0 and negative precipitation anomalies from the fall of year 0 to the second wet period of year 1 are associated with the variation of the net energy into the atmosphere, which is main.
Effects of dietary ascorbic acid on performance, carcass composition and bone characteristics of turkeys during high summer temperature

Heat stress is major welfare problem in the poultry industry. Huge economic losses occur every year because of mortality and decreased production due to high environmental temperatures. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of level of inclusion of ascorbic acid supplementation to the diet on performance, carcass composition and bone characteristics of male turkeys during high summer temperature. A total of 120 day-old turkey chicks were wing banded at hatch and randomly distributed into 3 treatment groups. Three diets were formulated to provide a similar nutrient profile with the exception of using three graded levels of ascorbic acid, namely 0, 150 and 300 mg/kg of the diet. The experimental diets were used from 0 to 18 weeks of age. Body weights, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, slaughter weight, carcass yield, portions, composition and thigh and breast pigmentation of the turkeys were not affected by ascorbic acid (p>0.05). Also, shank and tibia bone characteristics were not affected by ascorbic acid (p>0.05).
The First Partnership Experience and Personality Development

Personality development in young adulthood has been associated with the experience of a number of new social roles. However, the causal interpretation of these findings is complicated by the fact that it is not possible to randomize young adults by their life experiences. To address this problem in the context of the first partnership experience, we applied propensity score matching to a sample of initially inexperienced singles and followed them across 4 years. Using matched samples, results indicated that the first partnership experience relatively robust increased life satisfaction. The first partnership experience between the ages of 23 and 25 (but not in other ages) was also related to higher self-esteem, extraversion, and conscientiousness and to lower neuroticism. The discussion highlights the effect of the first partnership on the development of a mature personality and the potential for propensity score matching to make useful contributions to social and personality research.
Integrating Nursing Theory and Process into Practice : Virginia's Henderson Need Theory

Introduction: The application of nursing theories into clinical practice varies from context to context. But addressing the needs of patient is crucial in providing quality care, across the globe. There is hardly any local literature regarding theory application into practice in our setting. Aim: The aim of the paper is to elaborate the application of nursing theory into clinical setting for deliverance of nursing care and to address gap between theory and practice in Pakistani context. Methodology: This document illustrates a case study integrating Virginia Henderson’s need theory and nursing theory process. Conclusion: This paper is an example of theory based nursing care that can enhance the human health. Virginia Henderson’s need theory is considered close to realism and is applicable in Pakistani context. Therefore, it will enable nurses to improve the standard of caring by assessing patient needs and developing a pragmatic plan of care.
Computational properties of metaquerying problems

Metaquerying is a datamining technology by which hidden dependencies among several database relations can be discovered. This tool has already been successfully applied to several real-world applications. Recent papers provide only very preliminary results about the complexity of metaquerying. In this paper we define several variants of metaquerying that encompass, as far as we know, all variants defined in the literature. We study both the combined complexity and the data complexity of these variants. We show that, under the combined complexity measure, metaquerying is generally intractable (unless P=NP), but we are able to single out some tractable interesting metaquerying cases (whose combined complexity is LOGCFL-complete). As for the data complexity of metaquerying, we prove that, in general, this is in P, but lies within AC0 in some interesting cases. Finally, we discuss the issue of equivalence between metaqueries, which is useful for optimization purposes.
Job Satisfaction of Nurses in a Psychiatric Hospital, in Cyprus

Background: In order to be productive, employees need to be satisfied by their occupation. This greatly applies in the case of nursing staff, who takes up important roles, and whose contribution to hospital efficiency is immense. Especially when it comes to hard working environments like psychiatric clinics, staff job satisfaction is considered crucial. Objective: To investigate the job satisfaction level of the nursing staff in Athalassa Psychiatric Hospital of Cyprus. Methodology: Data was collected during the month of September 2011, from Athalassa Psychiatric Hospital nursing staff. Paul E. Spector’s Job Satisfaction Survey questionnaire was employed, which included 36 question elements with Likert scale possible answers. Nine aspects of job satisfaction were measured: salary, development opportunities, supervision, general benefits, moral rewards, functional processes, partners, nature of work and communication. There were ten extra questions added in order to cover demographic and socioeconomical characteristics of the respondents. We used Spearman’s correlation and one wayAnova to examine the reliability of the data. Results. Out of 149 questionnaires handed out, 65.77% (98 questionnaires) were returned. From a total of 36 questions, the highest satisfaction average (4.71) was found in question “sympathy toward partners” with the lowest value of standard deviation (0.963), while the lowest satisfaction average (2.78) concerned question “existence of additional benefits” with a standard deviation of 1.082. In general, the staff appeared satisfied by only two aspects: “partners” and “nature of work”. On the contrary, they expressed dissatisfaction on “development opportunities”. The rest of the questions received neutral indications. Conclusions. To increase the job satisfaction of nurses in Athalassa hospital, the coexistence of hygiene and motivational factors is necessary. The leadership of the hospital should use the results of this research to increase the job satisfaction of nurses in the hospital and, consequently to increase the quality, effectiveness and efficiency of the services provided.
On the Mechanism of Pacific Multidecadal Climate Variability in CCSM3: The Role of the Subpolar North Pacific Ocean

Abstract Previous analyses of the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3) standard integration have revealed pronounced multidecadal variability in the Pacific climate system. The purpose of the present work is to investigate physical mechanism underlying this Pacific multidecadal variability (PMV). To better isolate the mechanism that selects the long multidecadal time scale for the PMV, a few specifically designed sensitivity experiments are carried out. When the propagating Rossby waves are blocked in the subtropics from the midbasin, the PMV remains outstanding. In contrast, when the Rossby waves are blocked beyond the subtropics across the entire North Pacific, the PMV is virtually suppressed. It suggests that the PMV relies on propagating Rossby waves in the subpolar Pacific, whereas those in the subtropics are not critical. A novel mechanism of PMV is advanced based on a more comprehensive analysis, which is characterized by a crucial role of the subpolar North Pacific Ocean. The multidec.
A double prevention: how maternal education can affect maternal mental health, child health and child cognitive development

This study uses the longitudinal data of Young Lives for Peru to investigate the protective role that maternal education has for children whose mothers suffer from mental health problems. Our first set of findings confirms previous research in this area by showing that maternal education is associated with reduced risk of mental health problems for mothers and with improved nutrition and cognitive development for their children. We further find that maternal education reduces the burden of maternal mental health problems on child development. This is particularly the case for children of mothers with high levels of education. Unfortunately, for children of mothers with low levels of education maternal mental health problems continues to predict poor nutritional status and poor cognitive development for children. These results suggest that monitoring and support may be especially important for mothers with lower levels of education if inequalities across generations are to be reduced.
Evolution of floral display in Eichhornia paniculata (Pontederiaceae): genetic correlations between flower size and number

The evolution of floral display is thought to be constrained by trade‐offs between the size and number of flowers and inflorescences. We grew in the glasshouse 60 maternal families from each of two Brazilian populations of the annual herb, Eichhornia paniculata. We measured flower size, daily flower number, and total flower number per inflorescence, and two indices of module size, leaf area and age at flowering. We also assessed the size and number of inflorescences produced over 6 weeks. All floral traits exhibited significant heritable variation, some of which was due to genetic variation in module size. Genetic (maternal family) correlations between daily and total flower number did not differ from 1.0, indicating that display size (daily flower number) cannot evolve independently from total flower number per inflorescence. Genetic correlations between flower size and daily flower number ranged from negative to positive (r=–0.78 to +0.84), depending on population and inflorescence. Positive correlations occurred when variation in investment per inflorescence was high so that some families produced both larger and more flowers. These correlations became zero when we controlled for variation in module size. Families that flowered later produced fewer, larger inflorescences (r=–0.33, –0.85). These data support theoretical predictions regarding the combined effects of variation in resource acquisition and allocation on traits involved in trade‐offs, and they emphasize the hierarchical organization of floral displays. Our results imply that patterns of resource allocation among inflorescences influence evolutionary changes in flower size and number per inflorescence.
Biomechanical Analysis of Olympic Javelin Throwers

A two-dimensional film analysis was performed on five men and six women finalists in the javelin throw of the Los Angeles Olympic Games of 1984. In addition to the great interindividual variation in the measured kinematic and kinetic parameters, the results indicated that in men the winner had the highest release velocity of javelin (29.12 m × s−1), and that a significant (p < .01) relationship could be obtained between the release velocity and throwing distance. Despite great variation in throwing distance in women (55.88 m - 69.56 m) the release velocities were in relatively small range (20.73 m × s−1 - 23.62 m × s−1). High impact loading was specific to the last foot contact on the ground. It was characterized by a short duration (0.032 s) and high velocity knee flexion (12.66 ± 2.11 and 12.27 ± 3.81 rad × s−1, respectively, for men and women). The respective knee extension velocities averaged 5.80 ± 2.00 and 7.60 + 5.17 rad × s−1. Despite the fact that a small number of analyzed world-class throws rev.
Why Would I Use This in My Home? A Model of Domestic Social Robot Acceptance

Many independent studies in social robotics and human–robot interaction have gained knowledge on various factors that affect people’s perceptions of and behaviors toward robots. However, only a few of those studies aimed to develop models of social robot acceptance integrating a wider range of such factors. With the rise of robotic technologies for everyday environments, such comprehensive research on relevant acceptance factors is increasingly necessary. This article presents a conceptual model of social robot acceptance with a strong theoretical base, which has been tested among the general Dutch population (n = 1,168) using structural equation modeling. The results show a strong role of normative believes that both directly and indirectly affect the anticipated acceptance of social robots for domestic purposes. Moreover, the data show that, at least at this stage of diffusion within society, people seem somewhat reluctant to accept social behaviors from robots. The current findings of our study and the.
Do weak global stresses synchronize earthquakes?

Insofar as slip in an earthquake is related to the strain accumulated near a fault since a previous earthquake, and this process repeats many times, the earthquake cycle approximates an autonomous oscillator. Its asymmetric slow accumulation of strain and rapid release is quite unlike the harmonic motion of a pendulum and need not be time predictable, but still resembles a class of repeating systems known as integrate‐and‐fire oscillators, whose behavior has been shown to demonstrate a remarkable ability to synchronize to either external or self‐organized forcing. Given sufficient time and even very weak physical coupling, the phases of sets of such oscillators, with similar though not necessarily identical period, approach each other. Topological and time series analyses presented here demonstrate that earthquakes worldwide show evidence of such synchronization. Though numerous studies demonstrate that the composite temporal distribution of major earthquakes in the instrumental record is indistinguishable from random, the additional consideration of event renewal interval serves to identify earthquake groupings suggestive of synchronization that are absent in synthetic catalogs. We envisage the weak forces responsible for clustering originate from lithospheric strain induced by seismicity itself, by finite strains over teleseismic distances, or by other sources of lithospheric loading such as Earth's variable rotation. For example, quasi‐periodic maxima in rotational deceleration are accompanied by increased global seismicity at multidecadal intervals.
Quaternionic lattices for space-time coding

We propose an algebraic framework for studying coherent space-time codes, based on arithmetic lattices on central simple algebras. For two transmit antennas, this algebra is called a quaternion algebra. For this reason, we call these lattices quaternionic lattices. The design criterion is the one described by V. Tarokh et al. (see IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol.44, p.744-65, 1998).