Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Color atlas of physiology

Praise for the previous edition: This atlas provides a great way for students to review crucial and vital processes, perhaps before an exam or in simple review. This is a great book for any student in the medical field. -- Doody Enterprises, Inc. The seventh edition of this classic atlas makes mastering large amounts of complex information much easier. It provides a thorough review of everything medical students need to know to pass their pre-clinical physiology exams. Section topics include the nerves and muscles, blood, respiration, the cardiovascular system, digestion, and reproduction. This revised and expanded edition also features entirely new material on ageing, obesity, the urinary bladder, and cell physiology of the skeletal muscles. The many user-friendly features of this book include: * Almost 200 outstanding full-color illustrations and 10 new color plates* Side-by-side images with callouts * Visual highlighting of clinically relevant and pathophysiologic information with clinical key words on every page In a compact, user-friendly format, Color Atlas of Physiology, Seventh Edition , is an invaluable and ideal study guide and reference for medical students preparing for their physiology examinations.
Experimental evaluation of a novel ISO 14971 risk management software for medical devices

Medical devices are becoming ever more complex through constant integration of new technologies. From a regulatory perspective guaranteeing safety and low risks associated with these devices is becoming increasingly challenging for device manufacturers. This work is based on a previously developed novel software tool for risk management of medical devices. The software implements relational links among technical documents and thereby integrates sections such as system components, system requirements, product manual and others into risk management in order to increase traceability and consistency. In this paper the developed software tool was experimentally evaluated and compared to the state of the art methodology by a usability study with 14 subjects. Results show a higher mean effectivity, efficiency and subjective user satisfaction for our tool. User satisfaction could be proven to be significantly higher for our tool with a significance level of 5%.
Adult Attachment and Male Aggression in Couple Relationships: The Demand-Withdraw Communication Pattern and Relationship Satisfaction as Mediators

This study examines men’s domestic aggression as a function of attachment insecurities, considering the mediating roles of the demand-withdraw communication pattern and relationship satisfaction. The sample included 55 Canadian men undergoing counseling for relationship difficulties including aggression. The men completed questionnaires assessing physical and psychological aggression, the two dimensions of attachment insecurity (anxiety over abandonment and avoidance of intimacy), the demand-withdraw communication pattern, relationship satisfaction, and social desirability (a control measure). As predicted, there was an association between attachment anxiety and aggression (both physical and psychological), which was mediated by the man demands/woman withdraws (MD/WW) pattern (as reported by the men). There was no evidence of mediation by the woman demands/man withdraws pattern, as reported by the men. Relationship satisfaction mediated the association between attachment anxiety and psychological (but not physical) aggression, but did not mediate the link between avoidance and aggression (physical or psychological). Limitations and clinical implications are discussed.
Watershed-Based Segmentation and Region Merging

In recent years, the watershed line has emerged as the primary tool of mathematical morphology for image segmentation. Several very efficient algorithms have been devised for the determination of watersheds. Nevertheless, the application of watershed algorithms to an image is often disappointing: the image is oversegmented into a large number of tiny, shallow watersheds, where one wanted to obtain only a few deep ones. This paper presents a novel approach to watershed merging. Mainly, it addresses the following question: given an image, what is the closest image that has a simpler watershed structure? The basic idea is to replicate the process of watershed merging that takes place when rain falls over a real landscape: smaller watersheds progressively fill until an overflow occurs. The water then flows to a nearby, larger or deeper watershed, in which the overflown watersheds are merged. The methods presented in this paper apply the minimum extensive modifications possible to a given image to obtain a new one that has many fewer watersheds but is still “close” to the original. Their usefulness is demonstrated for several biomedical applications.
A young multilayered terrane of the northern Mare Imbrium revealed by Chang’E-3 mission

Onsite radar shows what lies beneath In more active periods of the Moon's history, volcanic eruptions created lava plains that formed layers of dark basalt. Without subsurface probing, we can only examine the most recent flows. After the soft landing of the Chang'E-3 spacecraft, Xiao et al. made penetrating radar measurements of the lunar crust with the Yutu rover. Several subsurface layers suggest multiple geologic processes at play throughout the crustal history, including multiple lava flows and the weathering-induced creation of dust and rocky debris. Science, this issue p. 1226 In situ ground-penetrating radar measurements of the lunar crust reveal multiple layers of regolith and lava flows. China’s Chang’E-3 (CE-3) spacecraft touched down on the northern Mare Imbrium of the lunar nearside (340.49°E, 44.12°N), a region not directly sampled before. We report preliminary results with data from the CE-3 lander descent camera and from the Yutu rover’s camera and penetrating radar. After the landing at a young 450-meter crater rim, the Yutu rover drove 114 meters on the ejecta blanket and photographed the rough surface and the excavated boulders. The boulder contains a substantial amount of crystals, which are most likely plagioclase and/or other mafic silicate mineral aggregates similar to terrestrial dolerite. The Lunar Penetrating Radar detection and integrated geological interpretation have identified more than nine subsurface layers, suggesting that this region has experienced complex geological processes since the Imbrian and is compositionally distinct from the Apollo and Luna landing sites.
Childhood Psychological Abuse and Adult Aggression: The Mediating Role of Self-Capacities

The current study examines the utility of self-trauma theory for explaining the long-term impact of childhood psychological abuse on aggression. Specifically, the self-capacities of interpersonal relatedness, identity, and affect regulation are tested as mediators of the impact of psychological abuse on various types of aggression in adulthood. Hierarchical regression analyses are used to examine data collected from 268 university students who completed the Personality Assessment Inventory, Comprehensive Child Maltreatment Scale, and the Inventory of Altered Self-Capacities. Results show that self-capacities were predicted by maltreatment, particularly psychological abuse. Altered self-capacities fully mediate the impact of child maltreatment on various forms of aggression. Problems with interpersonal relationships play the most significant role in mediating the relationship between child maltreatment and aggression. Results suggest more frequent maltreating experiences predict more dysfunctional self-capacities, which increases the probability of displaying various forms of aggression.
A Robust Predictor of Response to Preoperative Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer

Breast cancer patients with pathological complete response (pCR) to taxane and anthracycline containing preoperative chemotherapy tend to have excellent distant-free and overall survival. However, most of current pCR predictors for guiding chemotherapy tend to perform poor in inter- laboratory validation, most likely due to microarray experimental batch effects and insufficient training samples for feature selection. To tackle this difficulty, by merging three separate datasets of patients treated with paclitaxel, fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide, we extracted gene pairs with consistent relative expression ordering in patients not achieving pCR and with relative expression reversal in patients achieving pCR. Then, based on combination of these pairs, a pCR predictor was built. The performance of this predictor achieved a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 62% in an independent dataset, much better than the performances of three previously proposed predictors. In conclusion, the rank-based pCR predictor derived from a large cohort of samples can accurately and robustly predict patients with high probability of achieving pCR after chemotherapy.
What makes a killer application for the cellular telephony services?

This article examines three wireless data services, two of which became true killer applications of cellular telephony-Short Message Service (SMS) in the European GSM cellular telephony standard and the wireless Internet access service i-mode of Japanese DoCoMo. We build an intuitive technology acceptance model in order to reveal whether the success/popularity (or unpopularity) of particular services depended on and was shaped by end-users, service providers, or manufacturers. We try to reveal the reasons for the tremendous success of SMS and i-mode compared to the unpopularity of i-mode's analogy, WAP, which, despite initial hype, had to a large extent failed to meet users' expectations. We base our analysis on the proposed framework, and give an example of its use.
A prospective trial comparing sequential day 3/day 5 transfer with cleavage stage transfer and blastocyst stage transfer

The purpose of this study was to critically evaluate the effect of sequential embryo transfer in randomized patients undergoing assisted in vitro conception. A randomized prospective study was conducted and the outcomes of 505 patients were analyzed, of which 107 women underwent sequential embryo transfer on day 3 and day 5 (D3/D5 group), 283 women underwent day-3 embryo transfer only (D3 control group) and 115 women underwent day-5 embryo transfer only (D5 control group) in the assisted reproduction center of Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai from March 2012 to March 2013. The results showed that the clinical pregnancy rate of the D3/D5 group was significantly higher than that of the D3 group (48.5% versus 29.3%), whereas the clinical pregnancy rates of the D3/D5 and D5 groups were not significantly different (48.5% vs. 53.0%). Day-3/day-5 sequential embryo transfer yields satisfactory clinical pregnancy rates in a subset of patients with repeated implantation failures (35.2%), while avoiding cycle cancellation that happened with about 11% patients that were meant for blastocyst only transfer.
Expansion microscopy

Overcoming the limits of the microscope The resolution of a light microscope is limited. Physicists have long since worked out what these limits are and which parameters determine the spatial resolution. Many groups have nevertheless made numerous attempts to overcome these resolution limits. Rather than improving the power and quality of the microscope, Chen et al. instead expanded the biological specimens under study (see the Perspective by Dodt). They introduced a polymer gel into fixed cells and tissues and chemically induced swelling of the polymer by almost two orders of magnitude. They could then produce much higher-resolution images of their samples, which included the mouse hippocampus. Science, this issue p. 543; see also p. 474 A new approach to image fixed biological samples by expanding the specimen under study reveals mouse brain substructures. [Also see Perspective by Dodt] In optical microscopy, fine structural details are resolved by using refraction to magnify images of a specimen. We discovered that by synthesizing a swellable polymer network within a specimen, it can be physically expanded, resulting in physical magnification. By covalently anchoring specific labels located within the specimen directly to the polymer network, labels spaced closer than the optical diffraction limit can be isotropically separated and optically resolved, a process we call expansion microscopy (ExM). Thus, this process can be used to perform scalable superresolution microscopy with diffraction-limited microscopes. We demonstrate ExM with apparent ~70-nanometer lateral resolution in both cultured cells and brain tissue, performing three-color superresolution imaging of ~107 cubic micrometers of the mouse hippocampus with a conventional confocal microscope.
Gender Differences in Risk for Intimate Partner Violence Among South African Adults

Despite a high prevalence of intimate partner violence in South Africa, few epidemiological studies have assessed individual risk factors and differential vulnerability by gender. This study seeks to analyze gender differences in risk for intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration according to childhood and adult risk factors in a national sample of South African men and women. Using data from the cross-sectional, nationally representative South Africa Stress and Health Study, the authors examine data from 1,715 currently married or cohabiting adults on reporting of intimate partner violence. Our analysis include (a) demographic factors, (b) early life risk factors (including exposure to childhood physical abuse, witnessing parental violence, parental closeness, and early onset DSM-IV disorders), and (c) adult risk factors (including experiencing the death of a child and episodes of DSM-IV disorders after age 20). Although prevalence rates of intimate partner violence are high among both genders, women are significantly more likely than men to report being victimized (29.3% vs. 20.9%). Rates of perpetrating violence are similar for women and men (25.2% and 26.5%, respectively). Men are more likely to report predictive factors for perpetration, whereas women are more likely to report predictors for victimization. Common risk factors among men and women reporting perpetration include exposure to childhood physical abuse, witnessing parental violence, and adult onset alcohol abuse/dependence. However, risk factors in male perpetrators are more likely to include cohabitation, low income, and early and adult-onset mood disorders, whereas risk factors in female perpetrators include low educational attainment and early onset alcohol abuse/dependence. The single common risk factor for male and female victims of partner violence is witnessing parental violence. Additional risk factors for male victims are low income and lack of closeness to a primary female caregiver, whereas additional risk factors for female victims are low educational attainment, childhood physical abuse, and adult onset alcohol abuse/dependence and intermittent explosive disorder. Intimate partner violence is a significant public health issue in South Africa, strongly linked to intergenerational cycling of violence and risk exposure across the life course. These findings indicate that gender differences in risk and common predictive factors, such as alcohol abuse and exposure to childhood violence, should inform the design of future violence-prevention programs and policies.
Methylmercury Mass Budgets and Distribution Characteristics in the Western Pacific Ocean.

Methylmercury (MeHg) accumulation in marine organisms poses serious ecosystem and human health risk, yet the sources of MeHg in the surface and subsurface ocean remain uncertain. Here, we report the first MeHg mass budgets for the Western Pacific Ocean estimated based on cruise observations. We found the major net source of MeHg in surface water to be vertical diffusion from the subsurface layer (1.8-12 nmol m-2 yr-1). A higher upward diffusion in the North Pacific (12 nmol m-2 yr-1) than in the Equatorial Pacific (1.8-5.7 nmol m-2 yr-1) caused elevated surface MeHg concentrations observed in the North Pacific. We furthermore found that the slope of the linear regression line for MeHg versus apparent oxygen utilization in the Equatorial Pacific was about 2-fold higher than that in the North Pacific. We suggest this could be explained by redistribution of surface water in the tropical convergence-divergence zone, supporting active organic carbon decomposition in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. On the basis of this study, we predict oceanic regions with high organic carbon remineralization to have enhanced MeHg concentrations in both surface and subsurface waters.
Renal protective effect of enalapril in diabetic nephropathy.

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme can reduce the rate of decline in kidney function more than reducing blood pressure with other antihypertensive treatment. DESIGN--Prospective, open randomised study lasting a mean of 2.2 years in patients with diabetic nephropathy. SETTING--Three outpatient nephrology clinics. PATIENTS--40 patients with insulin dependent diabetes and diabetic nephropathy with reduced renal function. INTERVENTION--Antihypertensive treatment with enalapril or metoprolol, usually combined with frusemide. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Rate of decline in glomerular filtration rate measured as chromium-51 edetic acid clearance. RESULTS--Glomerular filtration rate declined a mean of 2.0 (SD 3.2) ml/min/year in the group given enalapril and 5.6 (5.9) ml/min/year in the control group. The mean arterial blood pressure during the study was 102 (5) mm Hg in the patients given enalapril and 103 (5) mm Hg in the patients given metoprolol. Urinary albumin excretion during treatment with enalapril was 60% lower than during treatment with metoprolol. CONCLUSIONS--Enalapril has an antiproteinuric effect independent of the effect on systemic blood pressure. Treatment with enalapril can reduce the rate of decline in kidney function in patients with diabetic nephropathy more than equally effective antihypertensive treatment with metoprolol. This points to a specific renal protective effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in diabetic nephropathy.
Describing Intimate Partner Stalking Over Time

Stalking has increasingly been the subject of legislation and research in the past 20 years. Within intimate partner violence, the context where it is most likely to occur, stalking predicts both greater danger and greater distress for the victim. However, research shows that practitioners are often unsure how to address stalking, and that the remedies available may not be effective. This longitudinal exploration of stalking focused on the experience of victims of intimate partner stalking and was conducted by Safe Horizon, an organization providing assistance to victims of violence and abuse in New York City. The sample of 82 women was interviewed monthly over 7 months, and the data were analyzed using growth curve models. We found that stalking decreased over time at a marginally significant level, and that change in stalking varied among participants. Perceived safety followed a similar pattern, increasing but not significantly, while stalking-related distress decreased significantly. The slopes of these variables were correlated, such that as stalking frequency decreased, perceived safety increased and distress decreased. Help-seeking was greater from court sources than victim services over the course of the study, but neither help source was related to a significant decrease in the stalking trajectory. According to victim report, orders of protection (OP) were helpful at some points and not at others. Implications of these results for offering victim-centered services are discussed.
Managing patents in standardization: lessons from ETSI’s handling of UMTS

The impact of patents and patent royalties are a major concern of standards setting organisations. Here we examine the patents filed in the UMTS 3rd generation mobile phone standard, governed by the ETSI IPR policy in response to patent issues faced during the earlier GSM standardization. We contrast firm strategies and policy effectiveness between the GSM and UMTS efforts, and review the potential impact of potential changes to the ETSI IPR policy.
How Many More Guns?

Among other arguments, advocates for lifting bans on carrying concealed handguns on campus propose that this would increase the prevalence of legitimately carried handguns, which might then deter crimes or be used to intervene in campus shooting incidents like the one that took place at Virginia Tech in 2007. Opponents suggest that increased prevalence of concealed handguns would lead to increases in other negative consequences, such as accidental shootings. Little empirical research has examined the potential outcomes of such a policy change, nor has existing research examined the prerequisite issue of whether lifting these bans would result in substantial increases in the prevalence of concealed handguns among students. Using a sample of undergraduate classrooms selected from five academic buildings at a public university in Texas, this study examines the potential impact of lifting the concealed handgun ban on the likelihood that a given classroom would contain at least one legally carried handgun. Results reveal that the impact of potential policy changes in this area vary based on the building under consideration and the measure of potential handgun prevalence. Limitations of the study and implications for future research on the issue of concealed handgun carrying on college campuses are discussed.
Adverse Mental Health Outcomes Associated With Emotional Abuse in Young Rural South African Women

There is a lack of data on the prevalence of emotional abuse in youth. The aim of this study was thus to estimate the prevalence of emotional abuse in intimate partnerships among young women in rural South Africa and to measure the association between lifetime experience of emotional abuse (with and without the combined experience of physical and/or sexual abuse) and adverse health outcomes. Between 2002 and 2003, young women from 70 villages were recruited to participate in the cluster randomized controlled trial of an HIV behavioral intervention, Stepping Stones. Data was obtained through the administration of a questionnaire at baseline. Of the 1,293 women who had ever been partnered, 189 (14.6%) had experienced only emotional abuse in their lifetimes. Three hundred sixty-six women (28.3%) experienced emotional abuse with physical and/or sexual abuse in their lifetimes, and one hundred forty-four women (11.1%) experienced physical and/or sexual abuse without emotional abuse. Hazardous drinking was associated with the experience of physical and/or sexual abuse, with (OR 6.0, 95% CI [1.0, 36.6]) and without emotional abuse (OR 5.8, 95% CI [1.1, 29.4]). Illicit drug use (OR 5.6, 95% CI [2.4, 12.6]), having depressive symptoms (OR 2.9, 95% CI [1.2, 4.2]), having psychological distress (OR 1.9, 95% CI [1.4, 2.6]), and suicidality (OR 79.0, 95% CI [17.3, 359.6]) was associated with the experience of emotional abuse with physical and/or sexual abuse. Suicidality was also strongly associated with having experienced emotional abuse alone (OR 79.5, 95% CI [16.7, 377.4]). This study showed that emotionally abused young women had a greater risk of suicidality than those experiencing no abuse and that the combined experience of emotional with physical and/or sexual abuse was strongly associated with poor mental health outcomes.