Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Electronic Trading on Market Liquidity and Stock Price Behavior:An Empirical Study on Amman Stock Exchange

This study investigates the impact of applying the Electronic Trading System (ETS) which implemented on market liquidity, and stock prices behavior in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) before and after its implementation on 26th March, 2000. Our data consist of closing prices and trading volume for 38 companies over the period from 1st January, 1996 to 31st December, 2004. We conduct an event study for the monthly relative means of ‘trading volume' as a proxy for liquidity. Additionally, stock price behavior is examined through conducting an event study for the stock return. The findings of this research can be summarized as follows. First, market liquidity is significantly influenced by the electronic trading. The trading volume which is higher on an automated trading system than on a floor trading system. Second the impact of electronic trading shows a negative abnormal return.
The Alpine Fault Hangingwall Viewed From Within: Structural Analysis of Ultrasonic Image Logs in the DFDP‐2B Borehole, New Zealand

Ultrasonic image logs acquired in the DFDP‐2B borehole yield the first continuous, subsurface description of the transition from schist to mylonite in the hangingwall of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand, to a depth of 818 m below surface. Three feature sets are delineated. One set, comprising foliation and foliation‐parallel veins and fractures, has a constant orientation. The average dip direction of 145° is subparallel to the dip direction of the Alpine Fault, and the average dip magnitude of 60° is similar to nearby outcrop observations of foliation in the Alpine mylonites that occur immediately above the Alpine Fault. We suggest that this foliation orientation is similar to the Alpine Fault plane at ∼1 km depth in the Whataroa valley. The other two auxiliary feature sets are interpreted as joints based on their morphology and orientation. Subvertical joints with NW‐SE (137°) strike occurring dominantly above ∼500 m are interpreted as being formed during the exhumation and unloading of the Alpine Fault's hangingwall. Gently dipping joints, predominantly observed below ∼500 m, are interpreted as inherited hydrofractures exhumed from their depth of formation. These three fracture sets, combined with subsidiary brecciated fault zones, define the fluid pathways and anisotropic permeability directions. In addition, high topographic relief, which perturbs the stress tensor, likely enhances the slip potential and thus permeability of subvertical fractures below the ridges, and of gently dipping fractures below the valleys. Thus, DFDP‐2B borehole observations support the inference of a large zone of enhanced permeability in the hangingwall of the Alpine Fault.
Composite Metric Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Internet of Things

Nowadays, there is a drastic increase in the number of sensors enabled devices connected to the Internet. Low power and lossy network (LLN) is a network, which consists of several embedded devices with limited memory, power and processing resources. Energy preservation and network lifetime enhancement are the major challenges in LNN. Hence, the routing plays a vital role in LLN, as an Internet of Things (IoT) device need to take the decision accordingly. In LNN, the inefficient route selection results in increased energy depletion, traffic and packet loss ratio. The proposed work introduces Load and battery discharge index (BDI) based composite routing metric in IPV6 Routing Protocol for Low power and lossy network (RPL). The COOJA simulator used to evaluate the performance of the proposed work. It provides the better result in terms of network lifetime and packet delivery ratio (PDR) against the routing metric such as hop count, ETX, RER, RER (BDI) and traffic load.
Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Predictors of Middle School Children's After-school Physical Activity Participation

Abstract Background: Children's participation in after-school physical activity can attenuate the overweight and obesity rates among rural, low socioeconomic status (SES) children. Children's individual determination, as well as social and environmental factors, can influence their behaviors. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to determine if a difference existed in after-school physical activity participation among children from different socioeconomic strata and to identify predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling predictors of after-school physical activity. Methods: A crosssectional, descriptive research design using surveys was used with rural, middle school children. Results: Low SES children were more active than high SES children. Physical activity self-efficacy, attraction to physical activity, and access to equipment were statistically significant in predicting children's after-school physical activity level. Discussion: Interventions enhancing self-efficacy and providing enjoyable options with adequate equipment can foster children's after-school physical activity behavior. Further research however should examine reasons (e.g., farming) why low SES children reported themselves to be more active than not-low SES children; these results are contrary to results from other studies. Translation to Health Education Practice: Increasing overweight and obesity rates should prompt practitioners to consider implementing both physical activity and nutrition interventions specific to rural children.
A USER-CENTERED DESIGN OF PATIENT SAFETY EVENT REPORTING SYSTEMS

Usability is critical to the success of computerized system, yet it has received little attention in the field of patient safety event reporting. Failures in this regard may largely contribute to the low user acceptance and low-quality data that the reporting system currently confronted. In this project, we studied about three usability aspects of the system regarding the efficiency, effectiveness and user attitudes in an iterative process of system prototyping. With the involvement of user feedback and evaluations, the project identified and dealt with a number of usability problems that undermined the system acceptance and data quality.
The impact of the changing English higher education marketplace on widening participation and fair access : evidence from a discourse analysis of access agreements

This article uses a discourse analysis of access policy statements to trace the impact of differentiation and marketisation among English HE institutions that was evident before but accelerated by recent policy developments, including the increase in tuition fees. A result of this has been a shift in institutions' policy discourses that indicate less propitious circumstances for widening participation, particularly among post-1992 institutions which are now expected to improve retention and employability outcomes. Pre-1992 institutions including members of the Russell Group of selective, research intensive universities have been encouraged by policy changes to differentiate further by concentrating their outreach only on the 'brightest' of applicants from poorer backgrounds. The article concludes that widening participation of the traditional 'raising aspirations' kind becomes a much more difficult project for post-1992 institutions and correspondingly a more difficult basis for a future business model.
Stability and Welfare of 'Merit-Based' Group-Matching Mechanisms in Voluntary Contribution Game

We study the stability and welfare properties of merit-based (meritocratic) group-matching mechanisms in voluntary contribution games. Meritocratic matching in this context means that players tend to be assortatively grouped according to their contributions. We let regimes di ffer from one another with respect to their matching fidelity. The stability analysis summarizes as follows. When there is not enough meritocracy, the only equilibrium state is universal free-riding. Above a first threshold, several Nash equilibria above free-riding emerge, but only the free-riding equilibrium is stochastically stable. There exists a second meritocratic threshold, above which an equilibrium with high contributions becomes the unique stochastically stable state. This operationalization of meritocracy sheds light on critical transitions, that are enabled by contribution-assortative matching, between equilibria related to "tragedy of the commons
Determining single-walled carbon-nanotube redox states

Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes and their remarkable electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties, many groups have explored the origins of those properties and their applications in nanomaterials science and engineering.1–3 Better understanding of the electronic properties of carbon nanotubes may facilitate development of better designs of electronic and optical devices. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are made of a single layer of graphite rolled up into a tube. Chiral indices . n; m/ describe the lattice points of the graphite sheet (quantifying how the tube is rolled up). The electronic structure of a SWNT strongly depends on its chiral indices.1–6 However, to date it has not been possible to determine the electronic states of individual SWNTs with different chirality indices. The oxidation/reduction potentials, bandgaps, Fermi levels, and work functions of SWNTs are critical quantities for understanding their electronic properties. We previously attempted to estimate the redox potentials of individual SWNTs by employing spectro-electrochemistry using visible-light/near-IR absorption and Raman spectroscopy. However, determination of the precise redox potentials was difficult because the SWNT spectral peaks overlapped. We have developed a new method and demonstrated our technique on 15 isolated SWNTs (see Figure 1) characterized by the chirality indices . n; m/ = (6,5), (8,3), (7,5), (8,4), (10,2), (7,6), (9,4), (10,3), (8,6), (9,5), (12,1), (11,3), (8,7), (10,5), and (9,7). 7 Crucially, in the near-IR regime, the photoluminescence (PL) peaks do not overlap, and so we were able to determine precise redox potentials of the individual . n; m/SWNTs. We used in situ near-IR PL spectro-electrochemistry on films containing isolated . n; m/SWMTs that were prepared in an aqueous solution of carboxymethylcellulose and cast onto an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. We then added poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) to form an insoluble Figure 1. (top) 2D and (bottom) surface plots of photoluminescence (PL) intensity (in arbitrary units, a.u.) as a function of emission and excitation wavelength for a cast film of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode.
Corporate Governance Quality and Earnings Management: Evidence from Jordan

This paper investigates the effect of corporate governance quality on earnings management in Jordan. Using a panel data set of all industrial and service firms listed on Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during the period 2009-2013; this paper provides evidence that earnings management is affected negatively by corporate governance quality. In particular; the results show that earnings management is affected negatively by overall categories of governance index represented by board of director, board meeting, Audit and nomination and compensation committee. Furthermore, results suggest that corporate governance quality has increased over time. Thus, its ability to constrain earnings management has also increased. It is recommended to industrial and service companies to boost their compliance with corporate governance code to improve the integrity and reliability of financial reports. This paper fills a gap in the literature by providing evidence about the effect of corporate governance quality on earnings management in Jordan as an emerging economy.
El Pensamiento multiplicativo en los primeros niveles. Una investigación en curso

Este artículo muestra los resultados parciales de un estudio empírico sobre el desarrollo de pensamiento multiplicativo en los primeros niveles escolares. Concretamente, se han realizado entrevistas a niños de tercer curso de segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil (cinco años) en las que se han planteado, mediante situaciones manipulables, varios problemas de división que no podían ser resueltos mediante reparto, así como algunas preguntas sobre pensamiento relacional (de tipo proporcional). Multiplicative Thinking in Early Schooling: An Ongoing Research Study This paper shows some partial results of an empirical study on the development of multiplicative thinking in early schooling. In particular, we posed manipulative situations to children of third course of second cycle of Kindergarten (five years). These situations are constituted by several division problems that could not be solved by sharing, as well as some questions on (proportional) relational thinking.Handle: http://hdl.handle. net/10481/4700Nº de citas en WOS (2017): 1 (Citas de 2º orden, 0)Nº de citas en SCOPUS (2017): 1 (Citas de 2º orden, 1)
Salivary Cortisol Increases after One Immersive Simulation but the Repetition of Sessions does not Blunt it

Objective: Simulated life-threatening medical emergencies generate stress that can be apprehended by measurement of salivary cortisol (SC). The aim of this study was to analyze SC level in multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) members during immersive simulation and to study its evolution over time with repetition of simulation sessions in all team members. Methods: 48 participants constituted 12 Emergency Medical Service MDTs made up of 4 members each. Six MDTs underwent 9 simulations (experimental group) and 6 underwent 3 simulations over one year (control group). SC was assessed the day prior to simulation (T0), before simulation (T1), after simulation (T2) and after debriefing (T3). 1152 samples were analyzed by ELISA. Variation over time was analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures. Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison between groups at two times and Kruskal-Wallis test was used to study stress response in the different status of teams. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: SC increased from 0.16 ± 0.12 (T0) to 0.26 ± 0.14 (T1). SC level continued to rise up to 0.39 ± 0.27 at T2 before decreasing to 0.21 ± 0.12 at T3, p<0.0001. SC increase was found in all team members with no status effect. SC level was not blunt after repetition of sessions regardless of the frequency of sessions. Conclusion: SC raised during immersive simulation and this variation was not blunt after repetition of simulation sessions. No status effect was found among the MDTs’ members. Future study should investigate on other markers of stress response and correlate them to team performance.
Mating pattern and mate choice in the Lapwing Vanellus vanellus

Shorebirds (infraorder Charadriides) are ideal subjects to investigate questions about avian breeding systems, since they have an extraordinary variety of mating patterns including monogamy, polygyny and polyandry (Pitelka et al. 1974, Erckmann 1983). The Lapwing Vanellus vanellus is one of the most common shorebirds in Europe and until recently it has been considered a typically monogamous species (Cramp & Simmons 1983). Recent studies on individually marked birds showed, however, that the Lapwings' mating behaviour is more flexible than it was previously thought. For example, it turned out that social polygyny is common in many populations and 30-50% of males are mated to several females simultaneously (Berg 1993, Byrkjedal et al. 1997, Parish et al. 1997). Some of the polygynous males are polyterritorial and they defend separate territories for each of their mates (Byrkjedal et al. 1997, Parish et al. 1997). In addition, female Lapwings appeared to mate with a single male in a breeding season, although recently both double-clutching and sequential polyandry Mating pattern and mate choice in the Lapwing Vanellus vanellus
Factors Affecting on Immunization Compliance: Iraq

Objectives: To evaluate immunization status and to identify the family and child demographic factors associated with immunization rate in Iraqi children younger than two years. Method: A cross-sectional and a cluster sampling design were implemented; five hundred twenty-eight representative Iraqi families with children between 18 and 70 months of age were interviewed in five public health clinics in Mosul-Iraq. Demographic characteristics of the child and family, and the child’s immunization history were obtained. Immunization rate or completeness was assessed. Risk factors for partial immunization for the 1-5-3-4-1-1 vaccine series were explored using bivariate analyses and multi-level logistic regression models. Results: Less than half of the children had one missed dose, considered as partial immunization cases. The study found significant associations of immunization completeness with fathers and mother’s education level, mother’s race and family income. Number of preschool children, family income, father’s education, mother’s education and marital status were found that strongly impacted on immunization completeness. Conclusion: There is a need to increase awareness about the benefits and importance of vaccination, as well as the harmful consequences of partial immunization. Key word: Immunization Status; Iraqi Child; Complete Immunization; Partial Immunization; Family and Child Factors
Measurement of the dynamic charge response of materials using low-energy, momentum-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy (M-EELS)

Author(s): Vig, Sean; Kogar, Anshul; Mitrano, Matteo; Husain, Ali A; Venema, Luc; Rak, Melinda S; Mishra, Vivek; Johnson, Peter D; Gu, Genda D; Fradkin, Eduardo; Norman, Michael R; Abbamonte, Peter | Abstract: One of the most fundamental properties of an interacting electron system is its frequency- and wave-vector-dependent density response function, \chi({\bf q},\omega). The imaginary part, \chi''({\bf q},\omega), defines the fundamental bosonic charge excitations of the system, exhibiting peaks wherever collective modes are present. \chiχ quantifies the electronic compressibility of a material, its response to external fields, its ability to screen charge, and its tendency to form charge density waves. Unfortunately, there has never been a fully momentum-resolved means to measure \chi({\bf q},\omega) at the meV energy scale relevant to modern electronic materials. Here, we demonstrate a way to measure \chiχ with quantitative momentum resolution by applying alignment techniques from x-ray and neutron scattering to surface high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HR-EELS). This approach, which we refer to here as “M-EELS”, allows direct measurement of \chi''({\bf q},\omega) with meV resolution while controlling the momentum with an accuracy better than a percent of a typical Brillouin zone. We apply this technique to finite-q excitations in the optimally-doped high temperature superconductor, Bi_22Sr_22CaCu_22O_{8+x}8+x (Bi2212), which exhibits several phonons potentially relevant to dispersion anomalies observed in ARPES and STM experiments. Our study defines a path to studying the long-sought collective charge modes in quantum materials at the meV scale and with full momentum control.
Inter-Basin Water Transfer Projects and Climate Change: The Role of Allocation Protocols in Economic Efficiency of the Project. Case Study: Dez to Qomrood Inter-Basin Water Transmission Project (Iran)

Nowadays, there is a growing emphasis on Inter-basin water transfer projects as costly activities with ambiguous effects on environment, society and economy. Since the concept of climate change was in its embryonic phase before 1990’s, the majority of these projects planned before that period have not considered the effect of long term variation of water resources. In all of these numerous operational and under-construction projects, an intelligent selection of the best water transmission protocol, can help the governments to optimize their expenditures on these projects ,and also can help water resources managers to face climate change effects wisely. In this paper as a case study, Dez to Qomrood inter-basin water transfer project is considered to evaluate the efficiency of three different protocols in long term. The effect of climate change has been forecasted via a wide range of GCMs (Global Circulation Model) in order to calculate the change of flow in the basin's area with different climate scenarios. After these calculation, a water allocation model has been used to evaluate which of these three water transmission protocols (Proportional Allocation (PA), Fix Upstream allocation (FU), and Fix Downstream allocation (FD)) is the most efficient logic switch economically in a framework including both upstream and downstream stakeholders. As the final result, it can be inferred that Fix Downstream allocation (FD) protocol can supply more population especially with urban water for a fix expense and also is the most adapted protocol with future global change, at least in the first round of sustainability assessment.
Modelling of the Water Absorption Kinetics and Determination of the Water Diffusion Coefficient in the Pith of Raffia vinifera of Bandjoun, Cameroon

The present work focuses on the study of the water absorption phenomenon through the pith of Raffia vinifera along the stem. The water absorption kinetics was studied experimentally by the gravimetric method with the discontinuous control of the sampling mass at temperature of 30°C. The samples of 70 mm × 8 mm × 4 mm were taken from twelve sampling zones of the stem of Raffia vinifera. The result shows that the percentage of water absorption of the pith of Raffia vinifera increases from the periphery to the center in the radial position and from the base to the leaves in the longitudinal position. Fick’s second law was adopted for the study of the water diffusion. Eleven models were tested for the modelling of the water absorption kinetics and the model of Sikame Tagne (2014) is the optimal model. The diffusion coefficients of two stages were determined by the solution of the Fick equation in the twelve sampling zones described by Sikame Tagne et al. (2014). The diffusion coefficients decreased from the center to the periphery in the radial position and from the base to the leaves in the longitudinal position.
Vacuum Decay in General Relativity

We provide a novel, concise and self-contained evaluation of true- and false vacuum decay rates in general relativity. We insist on general covariance and choose observable boundary conditions, which yields the well known false-vacuum decay rate and a new true-vacuum decay rate that differs significantly from prior work. The rates of true- and false vacuum decays are identical in general relativity. The second variation of the action has a negative mode for all parameters. Our findings imply a new perspective on cosmological initial conditions and the ultimate fate of our universe.
Accounting for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities According to IFRS 9

Abstract The most controversial accounting standards during the last decade, IAS 39 “Financial instruments: recognition and measurement” and its American equivalents FAS 133 “Accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities” and FAS 157 “Fair value measurements” have regained their place as the global focus of the public debate since the beginning of the current crisis. Following the strong criticism received lately, the standard-setters have started several projects aimed at reviewing the accounting issues that have emerged from the crisis. So far, the result consists of the publication of IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments” issued by IASB and an exposure draft on financial instruments issued by FASB. This paper aims at analyzing the new rules, concepts and principles introduced by IFRS 9. In addition, it attempts to identify some possible consequences of its application.