Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organized Endothelial Cell Surface Signal Transduction in Caveolae Distinct from Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Protein Microdomains*

Regulated signal transduction in discrete microdomains of the cell surface is an attractive hypothesis for achieving spatial and temporal specificity in signaling. A procedure for purifying caveolae separately from other similarly buoyant microdomains including those rich in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins has been developed (Schnitzer, J. E., McIntosh, D. P., Dvorak, A. M., Liu, J., and Oh, P. (1995) Science 269, 1435-1439) and used here to show that caveolae contain many signaling molecules including select kinases (platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, protein kinase C, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and Src-like kinases), phospholipase C, sphingomyelin, and even phosphoinositides. More importantly, two different techniques reveal that caveolae function as signal transducing subcompartments of the plasma membrane. PDGF rapidly induces phosphorylation of endothelial cell plasmalemmal proteins residing in caveolae as detected by membrane subfractionation and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. This PDGF signaling cascade is halted when the caveolar compartment is disassembled by filipin. Finally, in vitro kinase assays show that caveolae contain most of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of the plasma membrane. As signal transducing organelles, caveolae organize a distinct set of signaling molecules to permit direct regionalized signal transduction within their boundaries.
Effects of cytosine arabinoside and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea on human glial tumor cells.

The effects of 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine were examined in cultures of 5 glial tumor cell strains derived from different patients. The growth inhibition by 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine was assessed by counting the number of cells remaining in microtest plates. A significant drug effect was demonstrated against all 5 cell strains. Inhibition was dependent on dosage and duration of treatment. When doses reached the level of 0.5 eg/ml, however, there were no further increases in inhibitory response. The degree of recovery from growth inhibition likewise became less marked with higher dosage and longer treatment. The surviving cells remained in situ without further proliferation. The cytotoxic effect was shown to be enhanced by combination treatment with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (8.0 µg/ml).
The effects of intellectual property protection on international knowledge contracting

Developing countries, and particularly, those with a growing technological capacity, expect foreign technology transfers to increase when strengthening their intellectual property protection (IPR) rights. This paper evaluates empirically the impact of IPR on disembodied knowledge trade. It presents an exploration on Bilateral French Technology Receipts at the industry level for the period 1994-2000. Two main findings stem from our analysis. First, it is found that IPR affects positively international knowledge contracting. Nevertheless, our findings show that the impact of IPR protection differs according to countries' income level and technological capacity. Stronger IPR rights can deter technology contracting in developing economies. Second, the effects of IPR protection are found to differ across industries. Stronger protection is found to be irrelevant to attract knowledge contracting in RD Levin et alii, 1987, Cohen et alii, 2000) concerning the relative importance of IPR protection across industries to appropriate innovation.
Global Sea Level and Earth Rotation

Recent analyses of long time scale secular variations of sea level, based on tide gauge observations, have established that sea level is apparently rising at a globally averaged rate somewhat in excess of 1 millimeter per year. It has been suggested that the nonsteric component of this secular rate might be explicable in terms of ongoing mass loss from the small ice sheets and glaciers of the world. Satellite laser ranging and very long baseline interferometry data may be used to deliver strong constraints on this important scenario because of the information that these systems provide on variations of the length of day and of the position of the rotation pole with respect to the earth's surface geography. These data demonstrate that the hypothesis of mass loss is plausible if the Barents Sea was covered by a substantial ice sheet at the last maximum of the current ice age 18,000 years ago.
Relationship between DNA damage response, initiated by camptothecin or oxidative stress, and DNA replication, analyzed by quantitative 3D image analysis

A method of quantitative analysis of spatial (3D) relationship between discrete nuclear events detected by confocal microscopy is described and applied in analysis of a dependence between sites of DNA damage signaling (γH2AX foci) and DNA replication (EdU incorporation) in cells subjected to treatments with camptothecin (Cpt) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cpt induces γH2AX foci, likely reporting formation of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs), almost exclusively at sites of DNA replication. This finding is consistent with the known mechanism of induction of DSBs by DNA topoisomerase I (topo1) inhibitors at the sites of collisions of the moving replication forks with topo1‐DNA “cleavable complexes” stabilized by Cpt. Whereas an increased level of H2AX histone phosphorylation is seen in S‐phase of cells subjected to H2O2, only a minor proportion of γH2AX foci coincide with DNA replication sites. Thus, the increased level of H2AX phosphorylation induced by H2O2 is not a direct consequence of formation of DNA lesions at the sites of moving DNA replication forks. These data suggest that oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and formation of the primary H2O2‐induced lesions (8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydroguanosine) inhibits replication globally and triggers formation of γH2AX at various distances from replication forks. Quantitative analysis of a frequency of DNA replication sites and γH2AX foci suggests also that stalling of replicating forks by Cpt leads to activation of new DNA replication origins. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Functional magnetic resonance imaging shows localized brain activation during serial transcranial stimulation in man

Area and depth penetration of transcranial stimulation methods such as transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) are poorly defined. We investigated the feasibility of a simultaneous TES and fMRI measurement. The aim was to compare the signal intensity changes measured using BOLD fMRI during sequential finger movement with the signal response during artificial transcranial stimulation. TES induced contralateral finger contractions and in T2* weighted images a transient signal increase was observed in the area underlying the electrodes. Compared with the signal obtained during sequential finger movements, the area activated by TES was more localized, signal amplitude was smaller and there was no post- stimulus undershoot. These data indicate that TES induces a local blood flow increase associated with a drop in the concentration of deoxyhaemoglobin.
Autogenous transcriptional activation of a thiostrepton‐induced gene in Streptomyces lividans.

Although the antibiotic thiostrepton is best known as an inhibitor of protein synthesis, it also, at extremely low concentrations (< 10(−9) M), induces the expression of a regulon of unknown function in certain Streptomyces species. Here, we report the purification of a Streptomyces lividans thiostrepton‐induced transcriptional activator protein, TipAL, whose N‐terminus is similar to a family of eubacterial regulatory proteins represented by MerR. TipAL was first purified from induced cultures of S.lividans as a factor which bound to and activated transcription from its own promoter. The tipAL gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and TipAL protein purified in a single step using a thiostrepton affinity column. Thiostrepton enhanced binding of TipAL to the promoter and catalysed specific transcription in vitro. TipAS, a second gene product of the same open reading frame consisting of the C‐terminal domain of TipAL, is apparently translated using its own in‐frame initiation site. Since it is produced in large molar excess relative to TipAL after induction and also binds thiostrepton, it may competitively modulate transcriptional activation.
Changes in beliefs, satisfaction and information system continuance intention of experienced users

This study examines changes in beliefs, satisfaction and intention that occur among experienced users of information system IS. In order to examine these changes, a research has been conducted about measuring of perception, satisfaction and continuance intention of integral accounting budget software IABS users on two occasions, during 2009 and 2013, respectively. The extended expectation-confirmation model of IS continuance EECM-IS, the original ECM-IS having been extended for a construct of perceived ease of use, has been used in this research. The statistical comparison shows that only the path coefficient from perceived ease of use to satisfaction in the structural model during the second survey is significantly stronger than the corresponding path coefficients in the structural model in the first survey. Also, results show that all other path coefficients are not statistically different. A subsequent analysis of changes that have taken place among users in relation to the use of other programs, such as MS Word, MS Excel and internet, shows that there is a statistically important difference in usage of these programs in the course of the first and second research studies conducted.
Peripheral Nerve Injury After Local Anesthetic Injection

BACKGROUND:A well-known complication of peripheral nerve block is peripheral nerve injury, whether from the needle or toxicity of the medication used. In this study, we sought to determine the extent of damage that results from intrafascicular injection of various commonly used local anesthetics (LAs). METHODS:Sixteen Lewis rats received an intrafascicular injection of saline (control) or 1 of 3 LAs (bupivacaine, lidocaine, or ropivacaine) into the sciatic nerve (n = 4). At a 2-week end point, the sciatic nerves were harvested for histomorphometric and electron microscopic analysis. RESULTS:Animals that received intrafascicular LA injections showed increased severity of injury as compared with control. In particular, there was a significant loss of large-diameter fibers as indicated by decreased counts (P < 0.01 for all LAs) and area (P < 0.01 for all LAs) of remaining fibers in severely injured versus noninjured areas of the nerve. There was a layering of severity of injury with most severely injured areas closest to and noninjured areas furthest from the injection site. Bupivacaine caused more damage to large fibers than the other 2 LAs. In all groups, fascicular transection injury from the needle was observed. Electron microscopy confirmed nerve injury. CONCLUSIONS:Frequently used LAs at traditional concentrations are toxic to and can injure the peripheral nerve. Any combination of motor and/or sensory sequelae may result due to the varying fascicular topography of a nerve.
ERSFQ 4-to-16 Decoder for Energy-Efficient RAM

We designed, fabricated, and demonstrated an energy-efficient ERSFQ 4-bit decoder. The first version of the decoder is designed and fabricated using HYPRES legacy 1.0-μm four-layer 4.5-kA/cm<sup>2</sup> process. It occupies an area of 700 μm × 1800 μm, which is to be reduced to 160 μm × 400 μm once fabricated using HYPRES's RIPPLE-2 0.25-μm six-layer process. The decoder features ±13% dc bias current operating margins and below 70-aJ energy consumption per one address select operation. We report test results of the decoder and discuss its future implementation in cryogenic random access memory devices, including magnetic memory devices.
Epidemiology of Infections with Trichomonas Vaginalis in the Light of Improved Diagnostic Methods*†

Human genital trichomoniasis has. received a good deal of Attention in recent years, but there are still many aspects of this disease which need fuller investigation. This paper, based on work carried out at the London Hospital during the past 2i years, is offered as an aid in elucidating certain of the more important of these problems-namely, the incidence, mechanism of infection, cause of relapses in women; and measures directed to control of the disease. I shall deal first with the laboratory methods of diagnosing Trichomonas vaginalis infections, and then with the epidemiology of the disease, the study of which is dependent on the effectiveness of the diagnostic technique.
Functional Recovery of Chronic Paraplegic Pigs After Autologous Transplantation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

Background. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) transplantation offers promise in the treatment of chronic paraplegia in rodents. Here, we report the effect of this cell therapy in adult pigs suffering chronic paraplegia. Methods. Three months after spinal cord injury, autologous BMSC in autologous plasma was injected into lesion zone and adjacent subarachnoid space in seven paraplegic pigs. On the contrary, three paraplegic pigs only received autologous plasma. Functional outcome was measured weekly until the end of the follow-up, 3 months later. Results. Our present study showed progressive functional recovery in transplanted pigs. At this time, intramedullary postraumatic cavities were filled by a neoformed tissue containing several axons, together with BMSC that expressed neuronal or glial markers. Furthermore, in the treated animals, electrophysiological studies showed recovery of the previously abolished somatosensory-evoked potentials. Conclusions. These findings confirm previous observations in rodents and support the possible utility of BMSC transplantation in humans suffering chronic paraplegia.
Gabor-Based Novel Color Descriptors for Object and Scene Image Classification

This paper presents several novel Gabor-based color descriptors for object and scene image classification. Firstly, a new Gabor-HOG descriptor is proposed for image feature extraction. Secondly, the Gabor-LBP descriptor derived by concatenating the Local Binary Patterns (LBP) histograms of all the component images produced by applying Gabor filters is integrated with the Gabor-HOG using an optimal feature representation method to introduce a novel Gabor-LBP-HOG (GLH) image descriptor which performs well on different object and scene image categories. Finally, the Enhanced Fisher Model (EFM) is applied for discriminatory feature extraction and the nearest neighbor classification rule is used for image classification. The robustness of the proposed GLH feature vector is evaluated using three grand challenge datasets, namely the Caltech 256 dataset, the MIT Scene dataset and the UIUC Sports
ACOSOG Z1031: A randomized phase II trial comparing exemestane, letrozole, and anastrozole in postmenopausal women with clinical stage II/III estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

LBA513 Background: Neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy is a rational and effective approach to improving the breast conservation surgery (BCS) rate for postmenopausal patients with large, estrogen receptor (ER) rich breast cancers. Barriers to adopting this strategy include lack of experience in this management approach in the US and uncertainty regarding the comparative effectiveness of the three approved aromatase inhibitors for this indication. METHODS ACOSOG Z1031 is a multicenter, open-label, neoadjuvant phase III screening study that randomized postmenopausal women with clinical stage II/III ER rich (Allred score 6-8) breast cancer to 16 weeks of either exemestane (EXE) 25 mg daily, letrozole (LET) 2.5 mg daily, or anastrozole (ANA) 1 mg daily. At baseline study participants were either marginal for BCS (MBCS), candidates for mastectomy only (MO), or inoperable (IO). Planned enrolment was 125 patients per arm in order that the likelihood of the treatment with the "best" 16-week clinical response rate (based on caliper measurements) by WHO criteria (cRR) was included among the subset of treatments with "similar" cRR (90% power). Secondary endpoints included: extent of surgery, radiologic and pathologic response rates. RESULTS From 4/1/2006 to 10/1/2009, 377 postmenopausal women with clinical stage II or III ER rich breast cancer were enrolled. 374 women began treatment and were included in an intent-to-treat analysis. Median age was 66 yrs (range: 43-90 yrs), Median tumor size was 4.0 cm (range: 2-13 cm). The 16-week cRR was 60.5% (95%CI: 51.3-69.1%) for EXE; 70.9% (95% CI: 62.2-78.6%) for LET, and 66.7% (95% CI: 57.6-74.9%) for ANA. Seventeen patients did not have surgery due to refusal (12 pts), progression (3 pts) or other medical conditions (2 pts). The BCS rate was 78% (163/207) in MBCS group; 42% (77/163) in MO group; and 75% in IO group (3/4). Surgeons made the decisions regarding procedure choice 75% of the time in both the MBCS and the MO categories. CONCLUSIONS This large multicenter screening trial selected non-steroidal AIs for further development due to their higher observed cRR. The study demonstrates that high response and breast conservation rates and low rates of disease progression can be achieved through patient selection based on high ER expression. We are currently refining our approach for early detection of poor response to AIs through an assessment of the tumor Ki67 proliferation index at 2 to 4 weeks (Z1031 Cohort B). [Table: see text].
Behavioral Versus Pharmacological Treatments for Essential Hypertension—A Needed Comparison

&NA; Comparison of mild‐to‐moderate essential hypertension patients treated for 6 weeks by antihypertensive medication versus metronome‐conditioned relaxation versus biofeedback versus a mild exercise control procedure showed that those on medication achieved the greatest decrease in blood pressure. The relaxation and biofeedback groups decreased more than the mild exercise group, as predicted, but not significantly more. The differences in benefits of the groups were not a function of group differences in initial blood pressure levels nor in compliance. Nor did the groups differ in the side effects that are usually associated with medications. A second phase of 6 weeks with another treatment or combination of treatments did not add significantly. Some characteristics of patients moderately predicted treatment benefits, for example, high scores on the Jenkins Activity Survey Scales (1) [Type A, S or H], for the relaxation and biofeedback treated patients predicted which patients received greater benefits.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dichloroacetate in patients with cirrhosis

We tested the hypotheses that (1) plasma clearance of dichloroacetate is decreased in patients with end‐stage cirrhosis, and (2) patients with cirrhosis are vulnerable to dichloroacetate‐induced hypoglycemia caused by exaggerated inhibition of hepatic glucose production.
Prevalence and Levels of Serum Antibodies to Gram Negative Microorganisms in Turkish Patients with HLA-B27 Positive Acute Anterior Uveitis and Controls

Purpose: Acute anterior uveitis (AAU), seronegative spondyloarthropathies such as ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis form the group of “HLA-B27-associated diseases. ” The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and levels of serum antibodies against gram negative bacteria in Turkish patients with AAU. Methods: Twenty-five patients each with previously diagnosed HLA-B27 positive and negative AAU and 25 age-and sex-matched healthy control subjects were included in the study. Serum IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies to Yersiniae enterocolitica, Campylobacter jejuni and Chlamydia trachomatis were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Categorical data were analyzed by chi-square test. Serum levels were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The prevalence of serum IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies did not differ significantly between the HLA-B27 positive AAU, HLA-B27 negative AAU and control groups with the exception of serum IgA antibodies against Yersiniae enterocolitica. IgA antibody against Yersiniae enterocolitica was found to be more frequently positive in the control group. Comparison of serum IgM, IgG and IgA antibody levels did not significantly differ between three groups. Conclusions: Serum antibody positivity against Yersiniae enterocolitica, Campylobacter jejuni and Chlamydia trachomatis is not frequent in the HLA-B27 positive and negative AAU patients. Serum levels of IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies also did not show significant difference between three groups. No association between these microorganisms and the etiology of AAU was evident.
Protecting Children from Myopia: A PMT Perspective for Improving Health Marketing Communications

This research examined the predictive utility of the protection motivation theory (PMT) model for myopia prevention amongst children. An integrative model for myopia prevention behavior of parents was first developed in the context of theory and survey instruments then refined using information gathered from two focus groups. Empirical data then was collected from parents of primary school children in Singapore, a country with one of the highest rates of myopia in the world, and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Our findings revealed that coping appraisal variables were more significantly associated with protection motivation, relative to threat appraisal variables. In particular, perceived self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of parental intention to enforce good visual health behaviors, while perceived severity was relatively weak. Health marketing communications and public policy implications are discussed.