Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Piglet Gut Microbiota Responses to Exposure to Outdoor Simulated Environment and Formula Feeding

Several lines of evidence suggest that early-life gut microbiota composition is a crucial determinant of the susceptibility to diseases later in life. Understanding the evolution of early-life gut microbiota and critical factors that can modify this microbial community will espouse the prevention or reversion of health risk originating from dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in the early stage. In this research, we hypothesized that alterations in the environment (simulation of rural conditions by soil exposure) and feeding mode (breastmilk versus formula milk) will have significant impacts on the establishment of the gut microbiota in early life. At first, in literature review discipline, we present a holistic view on the current knowledge of gut microbiota and environmental modulations. Then, through empirical studies, we investigate the impacts of soil exposure and different feeding modes on gut microbiota composition. We applied 16s rRNA sequencing to examine the composition of gut microbiota based on fecal samples in two separate studies: 1) 4-day-postpartum piglets were exposed to agricultural soil until weaning day (day 21) and then grew under the same conventional condition with control treatments; 2) 4-day-old piglets were either mother reared and breastfed or artificial reared and formula fed, then grew in the same conditions at weaning. The results revealed that agricultural soil exposure and feeding mode could significantly modify the gut microbiota composition in early stages although this trend was not maintained until the later phases of life. The alterations in the early gut microbiota, albeit in a short period of time, caused by those extrinsic environmental modulators may still be sufficient to ameliorate or exacerbate health risk of the host.
CO 2 flux and seasonal variability in a large subtropical estuarine system , the Pearl River Estuary , China

[1] This paper presents the spatial distribution and seasonal changes of the carbonate system and CO2 fluxes in a complex river-estuary system located in a subtropical region, the Pearl River Estuary, based on five surveys covering primarily a wet and dry seasonal cycle on two major subestuaries of the Pearl River, namely Lingdingyang and Huangmaohai. Significant spatial and seasonal variations of surface water partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) were observable in these two subestuaries. While both Lingdingyang and Huangmaohai had higher pCO2 in their upper estuaries, which quickly decreased downstream as seen in many estuarine settings elsewhere, significant differences occurred between the two subestuaries in terms of pCO2 level, with much higher pCO2 in the upper Lingdingyang than the upper Huangmaohai. In terms of seasonality, substantially higher pCO2 was observed in warm and wet seasons in both upper estuaries (2100–8350 matm in the Lingdingyang and 1040–3590 matm in the Huangmaohai) than in cold and dry seasons (1100–7460 matm and 560–970 matm in the Lingdingyang and the Huangmaohai, respectively). As a consequence, CO2 emission from the Pearl River Estuary system in summer was 6 times of that in winter. At the same time, we observed a clear drawdown of pCO2 in the lower estuary in both summer and winter, reaching a level of water pCO2 which was below the atmospheric level. This seasonal and spatial contrast can also be seen in the distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity. On the basis of a seasonal and zonal distribution of pCO2, the annual CO2 emission from the Pearl River Estuary was estimated to be 3 10 mol C, which is equivalent to 6% of the total DIC export flux to the South China Sea from the Pearl River system.
Incompletely compacted equilibrated ordinary chondrites

Abstract— We document the size distributions and locations of voids present within five highly porous equilibrated ordinary chondrites using high‐resolution synchrotron X‐ray microtomography (μCT) and helium pycnometry. We found total porosities ranging from ∼10 to 20% within these chondrites, and with μCT we show that up to 64% of the void space is located within intergranular voids within the rock. Given the low (S1‐S2) shock stages of the samples and the large voids between mineral grains, we conclude that these samples experienced unusually low amounts of compaction and shock loading throughout their entire post accretionary history. With Fe metal and FeS metal abundances and grain size distributions, we show that these chondrites formed naturally with greater than average porosities prior to parent body metamorphism. These materials were not “fluffed” on their parent body by impact‐related regolith gardening or events caused by seismic vibrations. Samples of all three chemical types of ordinary chondrites (LL, L, H) are represented in this study and we conclude that incomplete compaction is common within the asteroid belt.
MUSCULOSKELETAL HEALTH DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPUTER USE AMONG MINIA UNIVERSITY EMPLOYEES

Introduction: Occupational use of computers has increased rapidly over recent decades, and has been linked with various musculoskeletal complaints.Repetitive hand movements lead to overload of the upper extremity and neck, and prolonged sitting posture leads to overload on the lower back. Pain in the upper extremities and the neck-shoulder region will affect the workers’ health and productivity and it accounts for most work-related time lost. Aim of work: To identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and associated risk factors among computer office workers in Minia University. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study; a total of 182 computer office workers in Minia University were interviewed during the period from January to June 2016. Every participant completed a questionnaire that included his socio-demographic data, and information about any job-related musculoskeletal disorders. Describing and determining the site of pain was performed by using the Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire (MUEQ). Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints was arranged in the following order: lower back pain (78%), neck complaints (68.1%) and upper musculoskeletal complaints (61.5%). There were significant associations between doing repetitive tasks, and not taking breaks on the one hand and lower back pain complaint on the other hand (p<0.001and 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: a high prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints was observed among computer office workers due to poor ergonomic practices in their workplace, being in the same position for long period, doing repetitive tasks and lack of regular breaks. The use of ergonomic principles will reduce these types of pain.
Company’s Characteristics and Capital Structure “An Empirical Study on Listed Insurance Companies in Jordan”

This study examined the company’s characteristics that affect the capital structure of insurance companies in Jordan. The study has employed panel regression model in investigating the capital structure of insurance companies using financial statements data of 23 companies covering the period 2010-2014. The results showed that both the static trade-off and pecking order theories are important in explaining the capital structure of insurance companies in Jordan. Company’s characteristics: size, profitability, tangibility, growth and risk were statistically significant to capital structure. Based on multiple and single regression the results of the study showed a statistical significant relationship between characteristics of insurance companies and their capital structure. The results also revealed a significant negative relationship between capital structure and company’s size, profitability, growth and risk while tangibility was significantly positively correlated to capital structure.
Dynamic capabilities for cooperation in Brazilian multinational and factors determining its management

Double Blind Review System Scientific Editor: Felipe Mendes Borini In the context of emerging companies’ growth, current challenges depend on the local generation of product and process innovations, as well as dynamic capability to generate innovative solutions cooperatively and new globe business models. The objective of this study is to analyse the determining managerial factors for the dynamic capability of cooperation in Brazilian multinationals (BMNs). A survey was conducted with a sample of 60 BMNs, and a structured questionnaire and statistical tests with factorial analysis and Cronbach's alpha were used. The aggregate analysis of the results indicates that BMNs are going through a transitional process between the operational capability of cooperation and the capability for dynamic cooperation, which are relevant to the continuous adaptation of already-established cooperative management routines and the evaluation and incorporation of the relational capability of management practices that consider systemic flows, open innovation and integrate strategic intentionality into cooperative processes.
THE RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL : THE CONTRIBUTION OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

This article addresses the following question: How to deal with uncertainty, emergence of new information and irreversibility in the decision process of the long-term disposal of radioactive waste? Intuitively, one might think that measures taken today are more relevant when they are flexible. We show that the theoretical economic insights supplement this intuition and more precisely we emphasize the real options theory as one means of valuing flexible strategies in the disposal of highly radioactive waste. Moreover, we argue that the optional approach must involve a more complex utilization in the recently developed French project of reversible repository given the presence of multiple disposal stages.
The Relationship between Everyday Practices and Financial Literacy: An Empirical Analysis

The global financial crisis has drawn the attention of both scholars and supervisors to the issue of financial education as an instrument for the development of efficient markets. The aim of this paper is to test the hypothesis that financial experience, gained with the daily use of different products and services, has a relevant effect on the acquisition of financial capabilities. Data are drawn by the 2008 Bank of Italy Survey on Household Income and Wealth, collecting a wide set of information on respondents and including 9 multiple-choice quizzes to measure financial literacy. A regression model was performed to assess the impact on financial literacy of four different groups of variables: socio-demographic features; income, consumption and household wealth; formal education and the experience resulting from the active participation in the capital market through the holding of financial assets and the use of specific products. The contribution of each group of regressors was measured with the Bonferroni index. Our results are consistent with previous literature, confirming a higher level of financial literacy for middle-aged adults, men, white collars, teachers, officials and managers, increasing with the years of schooling, household income and wealth. As for the financial experience, the Bonferroni index provided a strong evidence of its crucial role in explaining financial literacy, also with respect to a model already accounting for general education. This finding suggests to policymakers the adoption of incentives on the use of financial instruments or wealth accumulation, other than on educational programs.
Time-Dependent Toxicity of Neonicotinoids and Other Toxicants:Implications for a New Approach to Risk Assessment

A fundamental goal of toxicology is to determine safe levels of exposure to potentially poisonous substances for humans and the environment. Traditionally, safe levels have been estimated in laboratory toxicity bioassays by calculating the non-observable effect level (NOEL) of a chemical to a variety of organisms which are representative of certain taxa, i.e. mammals, birds, fish, crustaceans, algae, etc. There are, however, fundamental problems with the validity of this approach, both conceptual and statistical in nature, as indicated by Landis and Chapman and other authors. Thus, the outdated NOEL concept is being replaced by the no-effect concentration (NEC) level, which assumes that toxic chemicals do not have any effect on a population of organisms at very low concentrations.
SOLAR MAGNETIC TRACKING. IV. THE DEATH OF MAGNETIC FEATURES

The removal of magnetic flux from the quiet-Sun photosphere is important for maintaining the statistical steady state of the magnetic field there, for determining the magnetic flux budget of the Sun, and for estimating the rate of energy injected into the upper solar atmosphere. Magnetic feature death is a measurable proxy for the removal of detectable flux, either by cancellation (submerging or rising loops, or reconnection in the photosphere) or by dispersal of flux. We used the SWAMIS feature tracking code to understand how nearly 2 × 104 magnetic features die in an hour-long sequence of Hinode/SOT/NFI magnetograms of a region of the quiet Sun. Of the feature deaths that remove visible magnetic flux from the photosphere, the vast majority do so by a process that merely disperses the previously detected flux so that it is too small and too weak to be detected, rather than completely eliminating it. The behavior of the ensemble average of these dispersals is not consistent with a model of simple planar diffusion, suggesting that the dispersal is constrained by the evolving photospheric velocity field. We introduce the concept of the partial lifetime of magnetic features, and show that the partial lifetime due to Cancellation of magnetic flux, 22 hr, is three times slower than previous measurements of the flux turnover time. This indicates that prior feature-based estimates of the flux replacement time may be too short, in contrast with the tendency for this quantity to decrease as resolution and instrumentation have improved. This suggests that dispersal of flux to smaller scales is more important for the replacement of magnetic fields in the quiet Sun than observed bipolar cancellation. We conclude that processes on spatial scales smaller than those visible to Hinode dominate the processes of flux emergence and cancellation, and therefore also the quantity of magnetic flux that threads the photosphere.
Efficacy of Rhodopseudomonas containing multi-microbe probiotic on growth performance, mortality and cecal microflora in broilers

Combinations of probiotic microorganisms are the study of interest due to beneficial impact through synergistic actions. Several researchers including our previous result found positive effects of various combinations of probiotic inclusion in broiler diet. In the current study, the efficacy of combinations of probiotic organisms by adding Rhodopseudomonas spp. was the primary interest on growth performance, mortality, immunity and cecal microflora in broilers. According to the completely randomized design, three hundred day-old Ross broiler chicks (initial BW, 45.08 ± 0.79 g) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments with ten replications of 10 birds per replicate. Broilers were reared for 5 weeks, where experimental diets were provided for starter (0 to 3 weeks) and finisher (4 to 5 weeks) period. The dietary treatments were, CON = control (corn-soybean meal based basal diet); ABT = basal diet + chlortetracycline-HCl; RCMP = basal diet + multi-microbe probiotic, (Bacillus spp. + Lactobacillus spp. + Saccharomyces spp. + Rhodopseudomonas spp.). Present study revealed that, dietary supplementation of RCMP significantly improved overall average daily gain and feed conversion ratio compared to CON (P 0.05). Moreover, cecal pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella was significantly suppressed in RCMP and ABT supplemented group compared to CON (P 0.05). Thus, dietary supplementation of Rhodopseudomonas-based multi-microbe probiotic (RCMP) has the potentiality to be used as effective feed additives in broilers. Key words: Broilers, multi-microbe probiotic combinations, immunity, mortality, performance.
Preliminary Design of a Very-Low-Thrust Geostationary Transfer Orbit to Sun-Synchronous Orbit Small Satellite Transfer

Small satellites have proven their viability for conducting meaningful missions at a fraction of the cost of larger satellites. Correspondingly, the demand for small satellite missions is increasing as is the need for more sophisticated low-cost satellites. To enable these more advanced missions, this paper analyzes the feasibility of using a low-thrust propulsion system to transfer to a mission orbit from a readily available launch opportunity. Specifically, a geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) launch to a sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) small satellite trajectory is examined. The transfer from GTO to SSO orbit is designed using a direct optimization method. Due to the very low thrust levels, the transfer time to obtain the operational orbit is long (∼360 days) with numerous orbit revolutions (1400). To solve this extremely large optimization problem, a new multiple-orbit thrust parameterization strategy was developed. This new method has proven to be very robust and capable of handling large complex problems. Preliminary trajectory design shows that mission feasibility for a 100 kg small satellite GTO-SSO transfer greatly depends on the propulsion system’s specific impulse.
Falling Urban Wage Premium Andinequality Trends: Evidence For Brazil

In this paper, we use data from the National Household Survey (PNAD) for Brazil to investigate the dynamics of the urban wage premium and the relationship between the urban wage premium and inequality trends, and we find two main results. First, we find a decreasing urban wage premium over the period 2002-2009 using both OLS and quantile regression. Second, we show that the fall in the urban wage premium is more pronounced at the 90th percentile than at the 10th percentile. This finding suggests that the falling urban wage premium has contributed to the reduction in inequality observed in Brazil in the last decade. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Polynomials orthogonal over a denumerable set.

This extends the results of Dickinson, Pollak and Wannier [6] by replacing their restriction Σbn < <*> with the weaker assumption lim bn = 0, by correcting an apparent oversight, and by characterizing the distinction between the cases Σ bn < oo and lim bn — 0. In the course of this study we prove some theorems with occur rather naturally and seem of interest in their own right. Our approach owes its origins to ideas expressed in [4] and [6] and our techniques to the product and the series representations for a certain subclass of analytic functions studied by Richards [9] and related to functions characterized by a certain Stieltjes transform and continued fraction expansion. More specifically; from a theorem of Favard [7] and Shohat [11], equations (1.1) and (1.2) and the assumptions an real and bn > 0 (n^0) are sufficient to imply that {Φn(x)} is a real orthogonal set. Under the additional restrictions an = 0 (n ^ 0) and Σ bn < oo 9 Dickinson, Pollak and Wannier [6] have shown:
Stability of magnetohydrodynamic shear flows with and without bounding walls

We have solved the shear flow stability problem of compressible electrically conducting fluid (plasma) in a magnetic field. A comparative analysis is made of the influence of different boundary conditions on shear flow stability. We consider the problems for flows in an unbounded medium and a flow between fixed walls, as well as in the presence of a fixed wall on one side of the shear flow only. Shear flow velocity profiles are treated both in the form of a tangential discontinuity and as being described by a hyperbolic tangent function. For the case of an unbounded flow with a velocity vortex sheet, analytical solutions are found; for all other cases, the solutions are found numerically. Problems are solved for two different positions of the tangential wave vector of oscillations and magnetic field ${\bf k}_t\,{\perp}\, {\bf B}_0$ and ${\bf k}_t\,{\parallel}\, {\bf B}_0$. For shear flows bounded by a fixed wall we found an unstable mode of oscillations produced by the wave, reflected from the wall and transmitted through the shear layer.
The study of food waste impact on the households' socio-economic status in the municipality of Vrsac.

Food waste made by consumers’ uneconomical behaviour has negative ecological effects and it also affects households’ financial costs. Wasted food, as a consequence of the incomplete use of its edible part, is an important issue and is not sufficiently explored in Serbian science. At a global level it can be claimed that there is a lack of an adequate estimate of the total amount of uneconomically wasted food, a lack of data about food loss’ critical stages in the food supply chain, and also about various consequences, that is, possible effects of such waste on ecological, economic and social environment and position of households. Republic of Serbia is facing increasing problems of such uneconomical food loss (and, thus, resources), although its standard of living does not allow such daily behaviour. In theoretical and methodological terms, there is a problem of quantitative estimates of food waste, made within a household, as well as finding ways for its reduction. The aim of this paper is to analyze the awareness, attitudes, behaviour and ways of treating food and food waste within a household, based on a survey research of a random sample of a one hundred respondents. The results indicate the situation in this field and the patterns of daily behaviour of households in Vrsac municipality, and also estimation of monetary value of the food which is lost hereby. Based on these results, the authors conclude on the relevance of food waste problematic in Serbia and in regards to cultural habits and neglection of economic values of wasted food by surveyed households.
TRANSPORT OF SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES ACCELERATED BY ICME SHOCKS: REPRODUCING THE RESERVOIR PHENOMENON

In this work, gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events observed by multiple spacecraft are investigated with model simulations. Based on a numerical solution of the Fokker–Planck focused transport equation including perpendicular diffusion of particles, we obtained the fluxes of SEPs accelerated by an interplanetary coronal mass ejection driven shock as it propagates outward through the three-dimensional Parker interplanetary magnetic field. The shock is treated as a moving source of energetic particles with an assumed particle distribution function. We look at the time profiles of particle flux as they are observed simultaneously by multiple spacecraft located at different locations. The dependence of particle fluxes on different levels of perpendicular diffusion is determined. The main purpose of our simulation is to reproduce the reservoir phenomenon, during which it is frequently observed that particle fluxes are nearly the same at very different locations in the inner heliosphere, up to 5 AU, during the decay phase of gradual SEP events. The reservoir phenomenon is reproduced in our simulation under a variety of conditions of perpendicular diffusion of particles estimated from the nonlinear guiding center theory (NLGC). As the perpendicular diffusion coefficient increases, the nonuniformity of particle fluxes becomes smaller, making the reservoir phenomenon more prominent. However, if the shock acceleration strength decreases slower than r−2.5 with the radial distance r, the reservoir phenomenon might disappear, with limited perpendicular diffusion constrained by the NLGC theory. Therefore, observation of the reservoir phenomenon in gradual SEP events can be used to test qualitatively theories of particle diffusion and shock acceleration.