Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Original article

Illicit "drug" use prevents individuals from realizing their full potential and, hence, has become an obstacle to social development. Adequate data about the use of drugs and the factors related with drug use are not available in Ethiopia. Therefore, a quantitative and qualitative study was conducted in different sectors of the Ethiopian population in January 1998. Accordingly, the study indicated that all the respondents have some knowledge about "drugs" that create dependency. Khat, alcohol and cigarette were the most commonly reported drugs that were abused in the country. "Hard drugs" such as cocaine and heroin were not known by most of the respondents except by those health workers working in the Addis Ababa psychiatric hospital and key informants in the MOH. The use of cannabis was shown to be on the increase. In this study though cultural factors account for the use of "drugs" in khat producing areas, other factors such as unemployment, peer pressure, lack of awareness of the danger of drugs, and lack of recreational facilities were the main reasons cited for the use of "drug". [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 1999;13(2):141-149]
Aarhus green: a tetrafluoro-substituted derivative of fluorescein

The synthesis and characterization of a 2',4',5',7' -tetrafluorinated derivative of fluorescein, called Aarhus Green, is reported. As with related 2 ',7'-difluorinated compounds, tetrafluorination of the xanthene-derived moiety ma kes the more fluorescent anion accessible over a larger pH range. However, in contrast to a p ublished report, we find that fluorination in the 4' and 5' positions does not appreciably decrea se the fluorescence quantum yield, φf. Rather, Aarhus Green has a reasonably large φf (0.79 ± 0.04). Moreover, Aarhus Green does not efficiently sensitize the production of singlet oxy gen and it is photostable. Thus, tetrafluorination of the xanthene moiety in fluorescein derivatives c an be a useful tool in the development of fluorescent probes.
Review of “ Elevated uptake of CO 2 over Europe inferred from GOSAT XCO 2 retrievals : a real phenomenon or an artefact of the analysis ? ” by

Over the past several years, CO2 source-sink inversions ingesting satellite XCO2 data from GOSAT (Basu et al., 2013; Chevallier et al., 2014; Deng et al., 2014; Reuter et al., 2014), SCIAMACHY (Reuter et al., 2014) and TES (Nassar et al., 2011) have all estimated a terrestrial CO2 sink over Europe signicantly in excess of what is estimated from inversions using only in situ (primarily surface layer) data. Since this satellite-derived sink is also much larger than what typical biosphere models estimate, there is an ongoing debate about whether the satellite-derived sink is “real” or an artefact of either remote sensing CO2 data, or of the way inversions are set up to ingest them. If it is an artefact, it is likely to be a rather subtle one; Reuter et al. (2014) found the sink to be remarkably resistant to a host of sensitivity tests designed to test several likely artefacts in an inversion.
Feldspars defined and described: a pair of posters published by the Mineralogical Society. Sources and supporting information

Abstract The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain & Ireland has published two full-colour posters describing the feldspar minerals, designed primarily for student use. They may be downloaded free of charge by all from www.minersoc. org/pages/education/edu.html and are designed to be printed at A3 size, although they are legible at A4 and in greyscale. Sheet 1 deals with nomenclature, crystal structure and phase relationships, while Sheet 2 covers phase behaviour. For brevity no sources are given on the posters, and these are provided in the present article, together with supporting notes and suggested reading on the more complex topics.
High Sensitivity Semiconductor NO 2 Gas Sensor Based on Mesoporous WO 3 Thin Film

A NO 2 gas sensor based on mesoporous WO 3 thin film with low operating temperatures and its sensing characteristics are reported. The mesoporous WO 3 thin film exhibits regular pores with an average pore size of 5 nm andspecific surface area of 151 m 2 /g. Excellent sensing properties are found upon exposure to 3 ppm of NO 2 at 35-100°C for mesoporous WO 3 thin film. The sensor response is 180 for 3 ppm NO 2 at 100°C. The ability to sense NO 2 at such low temperatures is attributed to the large surface area (151 m 2 /g) that offers many active sites for reaction with NO 2 molecules.
Running head : VSM and Reading Fluency ! ! ! " " ! Declaration

Video Self-Modelling (VSM) is an intervention that allows individuals to observe exemplary instances of their own behaviour on video in order to increase the probability of that behaviour occurring again. #$%! &'(! )**+! ,(*-! ./! .*'0&! '+-! (.1*+2.&*+! 3'1"/,(! )*&'3"/,1(! (,0&! '(! "+01*'("+2! 3*1)'4! 0/55,+"0'. "/+(6! 1*-,0"+2! '221*(("3*! )*&'3"/1(6! "571/3"+2! 81".*+! 4'+2,'2*! (9"44(6! .*'0&"+2! 0//9"+2! (9"44(6! '+-! 1*-,0"+2! :"-2*."+2! '+-! -"(.1'0.")"4". ;&*1*:/1*! &*! "+. *+. /:! this study was to examine Video Self-Modelling as an intervention to improve reading fluency for Primary school students. The participants were four Year 3 students who were behind their peers in reading but not currently receiving special assistance in reading. Participants were video-taped reading a passage of text and any mistakes, pauses, and hesitations were edited out using iMovie. Each participant viewed themselves reading fluently on a DVD before school for 2 weeks. Oral reading fluency was regularly assessed before, during, and after the intervention. Results indicated that three out of four participants made immediate gains in reading fluency after viewing the DVD’s but the positive effects appeared to diminish over time. Practical implications are discussed. Running head: VSM and Reading Fluency!
Structural analysis of DNA and RNA interactions with antioxidant flavonoids

Flavonoids are natural polyphynolic compounds with major antioxidant activity that can prevent DNA damage. The anticancer and antiviral activities of these natural products are attributed to their potential biomedical applications. In this review we are examining how the antioxidant flavonoids bind DNA and RNA and what mechanism of action is involved in preventing DNA damage. Detailed spectroscopic data on the interactions of morin (mor), apigenin (api), naringin (nar), quercetin (que), kaempferol (kae) and delphinidin (del) with DNA and transfer RNA in aqueous solution at physiological conditions were analysed. The structural analysis showed flavonoids mainly intercalate into DNA and RNA duplexes with minor external binding to the major or minor groove and the backbone phosphate group with overall binding constants for DNA adducts Kmor═5.99×103 M–1, Kapi═7.10×104 M–1, and Knar═3.10×103 M–1, Kque═7.25×104 M–1, Kkae═3.60×104 M–1 and Kdel═1.66×104 M–1, and for tRNA adducts Kmor═9.15×103 M–1, Kapi═4.96×104 M–1, and Knar═1.14×104 M–1, Kque═4.80×104 M–1, Kkae═4.65×104 M–1 and Kdel═9.47×104 M–1. The stability of adduct formation is in the order of que > api > kae > del >mor > nar for DNA and del > api > que > kae > nar > mor for tRNA. Low flavonoid concentration induces helical stabilization, whereas high pigment content causes helix opening. Flavonoids induce a partial B to A–DNA transition at high pigment concentration, while tRNA remains in A-family structure upon flavonoid complexation. The antioxidant activity of flavonoids changes in the order delphinidin > quercetin > kaempferol > morin > naringin > apigenin. The results show intercalated flavonoid molecule can act as an antioxidant and prevent DNA damage.
Partnership between the Police and Private Security Services on Crime Prevention and Control in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis

This study investigated the partnership between the police and private security services on crime prevention and control in Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design of an ex-post facto type. Three research questions were raised. Data were collected using a self-developed questionnaire tagged “crime control by police and private security services in Nigeria”. Research questionnaires were administered to three hundred (300) participants randomly selected among the police, PSC, and the public in Lagos State, in Nigeria. Data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and t-test statistical methods. The findings of this study revealed a satisfactory perception of the public on the police and private security services partnership on crime prevention and control. Also, a significant relationship was found between the police and private security services on crime prevention and control in Nigeria (r = .657; p >.05); while there is no significant difference in the perception of the Nigeria Police and private security services on crime prevention and control. It is therefore recommended that instead of having just a template theory, a structured, coordinated, operational and partnership mechanisms for an effective collaboration with regards to civility, transparency and cordial relativity between security stakeholders be established with the aim of providing the synergy required for such partnership.
Malting quality of old barley varieties

Old varieties of cultural crops can even today find their use due to some of their specific characters of technological quality or their ability to adapt to some type of stress. Only limited information on quality of the old barley varieties is available[1] and furthermore, this information was often obtained by methods not used any more. We can suppose that old barley varieties could have some characters that could also be desirable in the current modern barley varieties. Old barley varieties can thus become a source of characters usable within the breeding programs targeted both at malting and feeding or other specific quality of new barley varieties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the selected quality parameters of the set of old barley varieties and to assess possibilities of their utilization.
Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass waste under low temperature condition

In this paper, the use of banana peel for energy purposes was investigated. Banana peel is a lignocellulosic waste since it is the most widely produced and consumed fruit in Indonesia. Among the others, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was chosen as alternative themochemical process, suitable for high moisture biomass. Through a 1 L stirred reactor, hydrothermal treatments were performed under low temperature condition (190, 210 and 230 °C), residence times (30 and 60 min), and biomass to water ratio (1:3, 1:5, and 1:10). Three of product were collected from the process with primary material balance. Solid phase (hydrochar) was evaluated in terms of calorific value, proximate and ultimate analysis. The results suggested that the hydrothermal carbonization of banana peel gave high heating value (HHV) of 20.09 MJ/kg for its char after dried naturally.
Effect of shading, nitrogen and magnesium fertilizer on phyllanthin and total flavonoid yield of Phyllanthus niruri in Indonesia soil

Phyllanthus niruri is widely used as traditional medicine especially in Indonesia. The need to produce a standardized herbal medicine raw material has urged a research to study the effect of shading, nitrogen (N) and magnesium (Mg) fertilizer dosage on phyllanthin and total flavonoid yield of P. niruri. Pot experiment was conducted by using Inceptisols soil from Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The study was carried out in a split plot design with three replications. The main plot was shaded with 3 levels (0, 60 and 95%). The subplots was urea and magnesium suphate (MgSO4) fertilizer (proportion 5 : 1) with 5 levels (0, 1+0.2, 2+0.4, 3+0.6 and 4+0.8). The period of harvesting were 1, 2 and 3 months after planting. The results indicated that application of 3 g urea, 0.6 g MgSO4 and 60% paranets shading could improve the plant growth, N-Mg uptake, total flavonoid and phyllanthin yield of P.niruri. Based on the regression curve, the optimum dosage that produced the highest total flavonoid yield was 2.68 g of urea and 0.54 g of MgSO4, while for obtaining the highest phyllanthin yield was 2.39 g of urea and 0.48 g of MgSO4 per plant. N and Mg absorption were positively correlated with total flavonoid and phyllanthin yield. The best period of harvest to obtain the highest total flavonoid and phyllanthin yield was 3 months after planting (plant age ± 4 months). Key words: Phyllanthus niruri, shading, nitrogen (N) and magnesium (Mg) fertilizer, phyllanthin, total flavonoid
Natural Perspective: Mapping Visual Space with Art and Science

Following its discovery in fifteenth-century Italy, linear perspective has often been hailed as the most accurate method of projecting three-dimensional visual space onto a two-dimensional picture plane. However, when we survey the history of European art it is evident that few artists fully complied with its mathematical rules, despite many of them being rigorously trained in its procedures. In this paper, we will consider how artists have actually depicted visual space, and present evidence that images created according to a “natural” perspective (NP) used by artists are judged as better representations of visual space than those created using standard linear (LP) and curvilinear fisheye (FP) projective geometries. In this study, we built a real three-dimensional scene and produced photographs of the scene in three different perspectives (NP, LP and FP). An online experiment in which we asked people to rank the perspectives in order of preference showed a clear preference for NP compared to the FP and LP. In a second experiment, participants were asked to view the real scene and rate each perspective on a range of psychological variables. Results showed that NP was the most preferred and the most effective in depicting the physical space naturally. We discuss the implications of these results and the advantages and limitations of our approach for studying the global metric and geometrical structure of visual space.
AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-08-1-0297 TITLE: Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer by Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Organoselenium Compounds PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR:

Number: 5579 Session Title: Novel Agents 4 Presentation Title: The inhibitory effects of organoselenium compounds on mTOR signaling in prostate cancer cells Presentation Start/End Time: Wednesday, Apr 22, 2009, 8:00 AM -12:00 PM Author Block: Nicole Facompre, Indu Sinha, Karam El-Bayoumy, Raghu Sinha. Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the United States. Androgen receptor signaling is critical for prostate cancer cell growth and thus anti-androgen therapies are commonly used to treat localized disease. However, the cancer eventually relapses into a hormone-resistant state. Currently there is a lack of effective treatments for advanced and hormone-resistant prostate cancers. We have previously shown that selenomethionine (SM), and 1,4phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC) down-regulate androgen receptor expression and its phosphorylation in androgen responsive (AR) and androgen independent (AI) cells. Preclinical studies and proteomic analyses of human prostate tissues have implicated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the progression of prostate cancer and its transition to androgen independence, suggesting mTOR as a potential target for new therapies. Experimental studies further demonstrate a crosstalk between mTOR and androgen signaling in prostate cancer cells. We hypothesize that selenium inhibits prostate cancer cell growth by interfering with the mTOR signaling pathway and this inhibition may be linked to down-regulation of androgen receptor signaling in these cells. Here we showed, for the first time, that selenium compounds (SM, p-XSC, and methylseleninic acid) inhibit phosphorylation of mTOR and its downstream target p70S6 kinase in both LNCaP (AR) and LNCaP C4-2 (AI) human prostate cancer cells. Selenium-mediated inhibition of mTOR is attenuated by stimulation with androgens in AR but not in AI cells. Experiments are underway to determine if there is a link between mTOR inhibition by selenium and selenium-mediated modulation of androgen receptor signaling. In addition, the effects of different forms and doses of selenium on both mTOR complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2) and their components are being examined. Validation of mTOR as a target of selenium in prostate cancer will provide evidence for its potential role against advanced and hormone refractory prostate disease either individually or in combination with anti-androgens. Support: DOD PC074101, NCI R01127729, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute Funds
Comparison between Roux-en-Y and Duodenal-jejunal Bypass on hyperglycemia improvements in SD rats

Background:To treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic surgery which Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and Duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) are reported to induce significant improvements on hyperglycemia. In this study we compare the effects of these two surgeries and explore the possible underlying mechanism. Method:Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were established of T2DM model and randomly assigned into three groups: the RYGB group, the DJB group and the Control group. Several indexes including body weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose and fasting glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) were measured during a postoperative 8-week period. Results:Our results revealed that both RYGB and DJB improved hyperglycemia efficiently along with elevated GLP-1 concentration compared to preoperative period. Moreover, RYGB demonstrated significantly better effects than DJB on decreasing blood glucose and induced a larger increase of GLP-1 levels (P<0.05). Conclusion:Both RYGB and DJB can significantly decrease blood glucose, RYGB being the more effective one. Postoprative increased GLP-1 levels in varying degrees could be a possible explanation as we seek further into their respective mechanisms.
CREST Working Paper Price Discrimination and Intertemporal Self-Selection

We consider a monopolist selling durable goods to consumers with unit demands but different preferences for quality. The seller can offer items of different quality at the same time to induce buyers to self-select, as in Mussa-Rosen (1978), but is not artificially constrained to offer only one such menu. Instead the seller can offer a sequence of menus over time. In the two-buyer case, the seller finds it optimal to abandon multi-item menus with their quality distortions and instead induces self-selection intertemporally. In the unique subgame-perfect equilibrium of the finite-horizon game and the particular equilibrium that we consider in the infinite-horizon game, the monopolist offers in succession single items of efficient quality. In the continuous-time limit of the infinite-horizon game (under both complete and incomplete information), the monopolist approximates the present value of perfect price discrimination. All of our qualitative results for the two-buyer case continue to hold with an arbitrary, finite number of buyers of different types in some equilibria of the complete-information, infinite-horizon game . Price Discrimination and Intertemporal
Expectational Errors and the UIP Puzzle

In this paper, we first review Irving Fisher’s seminal work on UIP and on the closely related equation linking interest rates and inflation. Like Fisher, we find that the failures of UIP are tied in with individual episodes in which errors surrounding exchange-rate expectations have been persistent but in the end transitory. We find considerable commonality in deviations from UIP and PPP suggesting that both of these deviations are driven by a common factor. Using a dynamic latent factor model we find further that deviations from UIP are almost completely due to forecasting errors in exchange rates – a result consistent with those reported by Fisher a century ago. JEL Classification: F31, B1
International market access and internal migration

This paper studies the role of international trade in internal migration patterns. Using regional dierences in access to international markets, we analyze bilateral migration between 26 Brazilian states. Bilateral migration rates are obtained from household survey data for the years 1993 to 2003. Our ndings highlight the importance of external factors, in this case the demand from other countries, in the shaping of domestic migration patterns. Results show that workers migrate to states with higher market access, where higher labor demand leads to better job opportunities. These ndings are robust to the control for self-selected migration, the introduction of regional wages, and other control variables. A comparison of migration determinants between dierent educational levels indicates that international market access plays a more important role for less educated workers.
IEEE Transactions on Device and MaterialsReliability publication information

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TDMR.2020. 3040871 This TRANSACTIONS is jointly sponsored by the IEEE Electron Devices Society and the IEEE Reliability Society. For membership and subscription information and pricing, please visit www.ieee. org/membership-catalog. Prospective authors should read the Information for Authors section on the inside back cover or on-line at http://www.ieee. org/tdmr/emanuscript.
The Growth of House Prices in Australian Capital Cities: What Do Economic Fundamentals Explain?

This paper examines the ability of standard economic factors to explain the growth of real house prices in Australia's capital cities. Dynamic models are estimated for each city with the objective of identifying the major drivers of house price growth rates. The variable mortgage rate is found to be an important influence on growth rates in all eight capital cities. However, the size of the mortgage rate effect can differ substantially between cities. For example a 25 basis point rise in the mortgage rate reduces the long-run quarterly growth rate of real house prices by about 1 per cent in Sydney compared with only 0.4 per cent in Adelaide. The effects of other economic variables are less systematic, significantly affecting the growth rate of capital gains in some cities but not in others. Nevertheless, for most Australian cities economic factors are found to explain around 40 to 60 per cent of the variation in the growth rate of house prices.
Correlation between the Total Gravitating Mass of Groups and Clusters and the Supermassive Black Hole Mass of Brightest Galaxies

Supermassive black holes (BHs) residing in the brightest cluster galaxies are over-massive relative to the stellar bulge mass or central stellar velocity dispersion of their host galaxies. As BHs residing at the bottom of the galaxy cluster’s potential well may undergo physical processes that are driven by the large-scale characteristics of the galaxy clusters, it is possible that the growth of these BHs is (indirectly) governed by the properties of their host clusters. In this work, we explore the connection between the mass of BHs residing in the brightest group/cluster galaxies (BGGs/BCGs) and the virial temperature, and hence total gravitating mass, of galaxy groups/clusters. To this end, we investigate a sample of 17 BGGs/BCGs with dynamical BH mass measurements and utilize XMM-Newton X-ray observations to measure the virial temperatures and infer the mass of the galaxy groups/clusters. We find that the relation is significantly tighter and exhibits smaller scatter than the relations. The best-fitting power-law relations are and = . Thus, the BH mass of BGGs/BCGs may be set by physical processes that are governed by the properties of the host galaxy group/cluster. These results are confronted with the Horizon-AGN simulation, which reproduces the observed relations well, albeit the simulated relations exhibit notably smaller scatter.