Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cerebral hemorrhage in recipients of renal transplantation.

OBJECTIVE The causes and circumstances of intracerebral hematoma after kidney transplantation have been poorly studied. No data are available on its impact on outcome after a successful renal grafting. PATIENTS AND METHODS We used the Mayo Clinic medical diagnostic index to identify the patients with a diagnosis of intracerebral hematoma among the 1573 patients who received a renal transplant at the Mayo Clinic between 1966 and 1998. RESULTS Ten intracranial hematomas occurred in 9 patients and were the cause of death in 6 (1%) of the 530 patients known to have died. The interval from renal transplantation to intracranial hematoma ranged from 12 to 114 months (average, 57 months). All patients with intracranial hemorrhage had poorly controlled hypertension. Intracranial hematoma was more frequently and significantly associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (4/146 [2.7%]; P<.01) and with diabetes mellitus (3/410 [0.7%]; P<.01) than with other underlying causes of renal failure (2/1017 [0.2%]). CONCLUSION In this preliminary study, the risk of cerebral hemorrhage may have increased 10-fold in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and 4-fold in patients with diabetes mellitus, when compared with the population of patients having other causes of renal failure. Most cerebral hemorrhages were catastrophic and fatal but appeared to be responsible for only 1% of the deaths after renal transplantation.
Small Sacrifices

They are young and eager. A little anxious at being confronted with a real patient, performing their first real physical examination. Their white coats shine as they plumb the mysteries of stethoscopes, otoscopes, and sphygmomanometers. One of the joys of being a doctor is teaching these students the art of medicine. My favorite assignment is helping the second-year medical students learn to interview and examine patients. It is also one of the few chances I have to hear about medical education from the students' point of view. My last two students seemed much like the others, two young women, bright, hard-working. A casual conversation established that, like myself, one of them had a young child. What do you do for child care? I asked. A difficult problem, we agreed. So difficult, in fact, my young student confessed, that during her first year she had sent her 1-year-old child hundreds of miles away to live with her mother. I was shocked. That must have been hard, I said, hiding my feelings. Yes, she said. He's back with me now, he calls me mommybut he goes with anyone, as though I am nobody special I remembered how I had felt when my own daughter was 16 months old and I left her for the first time. I had been chosen to attend a national training session. It was important for my career. It seemed as if I were gone for an eternity; I missed Sarah desperately. When I returned, my husband was at the airport. He had dressed Sarah in a frilly pink sunsuit. I took her in my arms. She went limp. Her eyes, looking into mine, were vacant. She let me carry her for awhile, then reached out to go to her father. And for another eternity, it seemed, she would sit in anyone's lap but mine. This was not the first time a female physician had told me she had sent her child away to a distant relative in order to complete some portion of training. The first time I had heard of this, I thought it was just an aberration. How could she do it, I wondered. She must not feel the way I do. Perhaps she lacks some maternal instinct. Maybe she just didn't bond. But confronted with this second instance, I raged inwardly against a system that pretends to teach humanism while destroying humanity. Can our medical schools make no concessions to the next generation? I asked. Then I remembered my own first year in medical school. The acceptance letter and the positive pregnancy test came one right after the other. There was never a doubt in my mind as to what I would do. And never a twinge of conscience. Until now. Once again, I have the opportunity to attend a national meeting. It will be held on my daughter's fifth birthday.
Hardness of classically simulating quantum circuits with unbounded Toffoli and fan-out gates

We study the classical simulatability of constant-depth polynomial-size quantum circuits followed by only one single-qubit measurement, where the circuits consist of universal gates on at most two qubits and additional gates on an unbounded number of qubits. First, we consider unbounded Toffoli gates as additional gates and deal with the weak simulation, i.e., sampling the output probability distribution. We show that there exists a constant-depth quantum circuit with only one unbounded Toffoli gate that is not weakly simulatable, unless BQP ⊆ PostBPP ∩ AM. Then, we consider unbounded fan-out gates as additional gates and deal with the strong simulation, i.e., computing the output probability. We show that there exists a constant-depth quantum circuit with only two unbounded fan-out gates that is not strongly simulatable, unless P = PP. These results are in contrast to the fact that any constant-depth quantum circuit without additional gates on an unbounded number of qubits is strongly and weakly simulatable.
Odysseus and the Genus ‘Hero’

The Iliad proceeds from an idea of hero which is pure and simple: a hero is one who prizes honour and glory above life itself and dies on the battlefield in the prime of life. Indeed, in spite of what Achilles says at a bitter moment of the choice between a short and glorious life and a long and obscure one, his actual choice is made when, warned by Thetis that Hector's death is only a prelude to his own, he prefers to kill Hector and die himself rather than leave Patroclus unavenged. Hector behaves in a similar way: having chosen honour over life, he remains outside the walls of Troy to meet his death at Achilles' hands. Hundreds of minor Iliadic warriors make the same choice in a less spectacular way, by the very fact that they volunteered to come to Troy in order to win glory in war. This is true both of young Simoeisios, who came to Troy even before he had time to take a wife, and fell ‘like a black poplar' at Ajax’ hands, and of Lycaon son of Priamus who, having slipped away from nearby Arisbe where he was kept in safety as a hostage, returned to the battlefield only to be taught in his last moments the bitter lesson that death is after all the inevitable conclusion to life.
Nitrogen control of the nif regulon in Klebsiella pneumoniae: involvement of the ntrA gene and analogies between ntrC and nifA.

The ntrC and nifA gene products of Klebsiella pneumoniae are transcriptional activators involved in general nitrogen control and nif‐specific regulation, respectively. Multicopy plasmids expressing either ntrC or nifA from a foreign promoter were used to study the relationship between these two genes and ntrA. The nifA product substituted for ntrC product in activation of a number of genes including nifLA, hutUH and genes for arginine and proline utilisation. NtrC could not substitute for nifA in transcriptional activation of the nifHDKY operon. In ntrA‐ strains, neither the ntrC nor the nifA product functioned to activate transcription of nif promoters. In vitro transcription/translation studies with plasmid clones demonstrated similar levels of expression of ntrC and nifA in ntr+ and ntrA‐ S‐30 extracts. Hence, lack of activator function in an ntrA mutant indicates that both the ntrC and nifA products require a functional ntrA for activity. When expressed from foreign promoters, both the ntrC and nifA products were active in conditions which would normally repress nif expression. Hence, the ntrA product was apparently not limiting in these conditions.
The natural history of anxiety disorders

The article reviews research and presents our results on the natural history of 2 forms of anxiety disorder, panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Data from our epidemiological cohort study give evidence of premorbid anxiousness and overadaptation already in childhood. Distressing conditions in the family are more prevalent among subjects with anxiety disorders or major depression than among controls. Anxiety disorders frequently begin between age 20–30 and can be triggered by life events. The course is often characterized by a certain chronicity that manifests itself in residual symptoms and mild impairment in social roles even after many years and is frequently complicated with depression. The best predictors are severity and duration of symptoms, as well as comorbidity with depression. Future studies of the natural history should take into account these factors in multivariate approaches.
Factors related to past HIV testing among South African non-injection drug users

Abstract South Africa has some of the highest estimates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the world, with a prevalence of 21.5%. Despite this, based on population-level data, 39% of sexually active South Africans have never been tested for HIV. Non-injection drug users (NIDUs) are a high-risk and increasingly prevalent group in South Africa. However, few studies have examined HIV test utilization among high-risk groups such as drug users in South Africa. The study was conducted in Pretoria, South Africa between 2002 and 2006. Of the 382 individuals surveyed, 31% had been tested for HIV in the past. Results indicate that females and older individuals were significantly more likely to have been tested for HIV at some point in the past, while individuals who did not know someone with HIV/AIDS as well as individuals who are unsure of their risk of HIV infection were significantly less likely to have ever accessed testing. Identification of these subgroups has implications for the development of targeted interventions to promote greater HIV testing among at-risk groups in South Africa.
Analysis of Morbidity and Mortality in Surgical Management of Craniosynostosis

Abstract Multidisciplinary care involving plastic surgery and neurosurgery is generally accepted as optimal to manage craniosynostosis to avoid complications and to identify patients at risk. We conducted a retrospective 30-year review of craniosynostosis surgery at a single major craniofacial institute to establish the rate and predictors of complications. Medical records of 796 consecutive patients who underwent primary surgery for craniosynostosis from 1981 to 2010 at our institute were analyzed for complications. Complications were defined as intraoperative and postoperative adverse events requiring changed management. Reoperation was defined as a repeat transcranial procedure. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors for complications or revision. Across the years, the procedures evolved from technically simple to complex, which increased complications but better outcomes. Complications occurred in 111 patients (14%), and 33 (5.4%) needed major revision. Multivariate analysis identified multisuture and syndromic craniosynostosis, more recent surgeries, younger age (<9 months), spring-assisted cranioplasty, longer surgery, and greater transfusion as predictors of complications. Patients with syndromic and multisutural craniosynostosis and those operated on younger than 9 months had increased risk of major revision surgery for regression to phenotype. Our experience over 30 years indicates that pediatric transcranial craniosynostosis surgery can be safely carried out in our tertiary referral center. There were no deaths from primary surgery, and complication and reoperation rates mirror those of other published studies. Syndromic and complex craniosynostosis predicted both complications and need for major revision. Spring cranioplasty was associated with higher complications. Overall results support a recommended age for craniosynostosis surgery between 9 and 12 months.
Comparison of Destructive Periodontal Disease in Blue Iris Mink to PCB 126–induced Mandibular and Maxillary Squamous Epithelial Proliferation in Natural Dark Mink

Mink (Mustela vison) exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-like chemicals have been reported to develop mandibular and maxillary squamous cell proliferation that results in the destruction of alveolar bone and eventual tooth loss. This jaw lesion has been reported in wild mink collected from areas contaminated with TCDD-like compounds and is a potential biomarker for exposure to these chemicals. The blue iris strain of domestic mink is prone to develop severe periodontal disease, which results in destruction of bone and tooth loss that is grossly similar to the lesion induced by exposure to TCDD-like chemicals. A histological assessment of jaws from blue iris mink and natural dark mink exposed to 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) was done to determine whether the oral lesions are similar. The jaw tissue from the blue iris mink had lesions indicative of lymphoplasmacytic gingivitis and osteomyelitis, caused by inflammation entering the dental sulcus, while the jaw tissue from the mink exposed to PCB 126 exhibited squamous epithelial proliferation. Therefore, it was determined that the tooth loss and bone destruction seen in these mink are of different origin despite the similarity of the gross clinical signs.
Sub-acute demyelinating neuropathy associated with an NK/T cell lymphoma

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type is a rare non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. We report on a patient who developed a demyelinating neuropathy in association with her haematological illness. A 29-year-old woman presented with a 6-week history of neurological disturbance. She initially noticed weakness and numbness of her left lower limb, progressing to involve the right leg. There was no sphincter disturbance or back pain. Ten days prior to admission, she developed right-sided facial weakness. She had been previously fit and well, except that 3 months earlier she had developed abnormal liver function tests, which were unexplained. Examination revealed a right lower motor neurone facial palsy with impairment of taste sensation on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue (ipsilateral). Upper limb examination was normal. There was bilateral lower limb weakness, which was assymetrical (right worse than left) and more prominent proximally than distally. The left ankle jerk was absent but, during the course of her admission, all the lower limb reflexes disappeared. Both plantar responses were flexor. Sensory examination revealed patchy loss of pinprick sensation over both thighs (L2). The following investigations were normal: full blood count, ESR, electrolytes, liver function tests (apart from γGT 74 IU/L), viral serology (including CMV/Epstein—Barr virus (EBV) IgM), TPHA, anti-nuclear factor, extractable nuclear antigens, cryoglobulins, …
RELATIVE SENSITIVITY OF THE SOLID and ASCITES FORMS OF SARCOMA 180 and EHRLICH CARCINOMA TO INHIBITORY COMPOUNDS *

In recent years investigators have shown much interest in the use of ascites tumors in experimental cancer research, especially in the cytology and biochemistry of tumor cells. Ascites tumors also have been used to a considerable extent by investigators in chemotherapy studies. These tumors provide an easy challenge to chemotherapeutic agents because the intraperitoneal injection of compounds against the intraperitoneal ascites form of tumor is, in effect, an in vivo-in vitro test. Thus it is possible to obtain an idea of the action of a compound without as great a degree of intervention by various organs. Three years ago in another publication of The New York Academy of Sciences I reported results obtained on comparing carcinostatic effects of 54 compounds on both ascites and solid forms of the same tumors. ’ The present report describes the testing of 122 selected compounds on Sarcoma 180 and the Ehrlich carcinoma, both solid and ascites forms.
Small Molecule Therapeutics The Dual Pathway Inhibitor Rigosertib Is Effective in Direct Patient Tumor Xenografts of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas

The dual pathway inhibitor rigosertib inhibits phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway activation as well as polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) activity across a broad spectrum of cancer cell lines. The importance of PIK3CA alterations in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) has raised interest in exploring agents targeting PI3K, the product of PIK3CA. The genetic and molecular basis of rigosertib treatment response was investigated in a panel of 16 HNSCC cell lines, and direct patient tumor xenografts from eight patients with HNSCC [four HPV-serotype16 (HPV16)–positive]. HNSCC cell lines and xenografts were characterized by pathway enrichment gene expression analysis, exon sequencing, gene copy number, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Rigosertib had potent antiproliferative effects on 11 of 16 HPV HNSCC cell lines. Treatment sensitivity was confirmed in two cell lines using an orthotopic in vivo xenograft model. Growth reduction after rigosertib treatment was observed in three of eight HNSCC direct patient tumor lines. The responsive tumor lines carried a combination of a PI3KCAactivating event (amplification or mutation) and a p53-inactivating event (either HPV16or mutationmediated TP53 inactivation). In this study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of rigosertib in both HPVþ and HPV HNSCCs, focusing on inhibition of the PI3K pathway. Although consistent inhibition of the PI3K pathway was not evident in HNSCC, we identified a combination of PI3K/TP53 events necessary, but not sufficient, for rigosertib sensitivity. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(10); 1994–2005. 2013 AACR.
FunRich: An open access standalone functional enrichment and interaction network analysis tool

As high‐throughput techniques including proteomics become more accessible to individual laboratories, there is an urgent need for a user‐friendly bioinformatics analysis system. Here, we describe FunRich, an open access, standalone functional enrichment and network analysis tool. FunRich is designed to be used by biologists with minimal or no support from computational and database experts. Using FunRich, users can perform functional enrichment analysis on background databases that are integrated from heterogeneous genomic and proteomic resources (>1.5 million annotations). Besides default human specific FunRich database, users can download data from the UniProt database, which currently supports 20 different taxonomies against which enrichment analysis can be performed. Moreover, the users can build their own custom databases and perform the enrichment analysis irrespective of organism. In addition to proteomics datasets, the custom database allows for the tool to be used for genomics, lipidomics and metabolomics datasets. Thus, FunRich allows for complete database customization and thereby permits for the tool to be exploited as a skeleton for enrichment analysis irrespective of the data type or organism used. FunRich (http://www.funrich.org) is user‐friendly and provides graphical representation (Venn, pie charts, bar graphs, column, heatmap and doughnuts) of the data with customizable font, scale and color (publication quality).
Mild dehydration does not reduce postexercise appetite or energy intake.

PURPOSE It has now been established that exercise performed under various environmental conditions may affect acute energy intake and appetite-related hormones. The exact mechanism linking acute energy intake and exercise remains unknown, although indirect evidence suggests a possible role for hydration status. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of exercise and hydration status on subsequent energy intake and appetite-related hormones. METHODS In a randomized, counterbalanced design, 10 physically active males completed three experimental trials in a fasted state: exercise when hydrated (0%-1% of body mass), exercise when dehydrated (-1% to -2% of body mass), and a hydrated resting control. Exercise consisted of treadmill running for 45 min at 70% VO2peak. Participants were then given access to a buffet-style breakfast from which they could consume ad libitum. Blood was sampled regularly during trials for appetite-related hormones. RESULTS There were no significant differences in total energy intake between trials (P = 0.491); however, relative energy intake was significantly higher in the control (4839 ± 415 kJ, P < 0.001) compared to hydrated (1749 ± 403 kJ) and dehydrated exercise (1656 ± 413 kJ) conditions. Exercise performed in a dehydrated state resulted in significantly lower concentrations of ghrelin compared with control (P = 0.045) and hydrated exercise conditions (P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Exercise significantly decreased relative energy intake compared with resting control; however, energy intake (relative and total) was no different between the exercise conditions (dehydrated vs hydrated). Despite similar energy intake between trials, exercise in a dehydrated state resulted in a significantly lower concentration of ghrelin, a hormone responsible for stimulating appetite.
Structural Changes of Precipitates in an Mg-5 at%Gd Alloy Studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Structural changes of precipitates in an Mg-5 at%Gd (Mg 95 Gd 5 ) alloy by aging at 200°C and 250°C have been studied by ordinary high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and high-angle annular detector dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). In the early stage of precipitation by aging at 200°C up to 5 h, a short-range ordered structure exists in Gd-enriched regions with an about 2 nm size, and nuclei of an Mg 7 Gd structure (β' phase) occur in the short-range ordered structure by aging at 200°C for 5 h. The β' phase with the Mg 7 Gd structure is formed as definite precipitates by aging at 200°C for 10 h. The β' precipitates are joined along the b-axis and form a plate-shape with a thickness of about 20 nm along the a-axis, and lengths of about 200 nm along the b-axis and 200 nm along the c-axis, and the connection of planar precipitates along the three directions, which are parallel to the [210] m ,-typed directions of the Mg-matrix, forms a two-dimensional cell structure, by top-aging at 200°C for 100h.
Reduced Efficacy of Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus Vaccine in Turkeys Exposed to Avian Pneumovirus

SUMMARY. Avian pneumovirus (APV) is an immunosuppressive respiratory pathogen of turkeys. We examined the effect of APV infection on the vaccine efficacy of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) vaccines. APV was inoculated in 2-wk-old turkeys. Two or four days later, an attenuated HEV vaccine (HEVp30) or marble spleen disease virus (MSDV) vaccine were administered. Virulent HEV challenge was given 19 days after HEV vaccination. APV exposure compromised the ability of HEVp30 and MSDV to protect turkeys against virulent HEV. The protective index values were as follows: MSDV (100%) versus APV + MSDV (0%) (P < 0.05); HEVp30 (60%) versus APV + HEVp30 (30%) (P < 0.05) (Experiment I) and HEVp30 (56%) versus APV + HEVp30 (20%) (P < 0.05) (Experiment II). These data indicated that APV reduced the efficacy of HEV vaccines in turkeys.
A prospective comparison of stereotaxic fine‐needle aspiration versus stereotaxic core needle biopsy for the diagnosis of mammographic abnormalities

Confidence in a negative stereotaxic breast biopsy result allows for safe clinical and mammographic follow‐up, whereas a positive or equivocal diagnosis leads to excision. Direct comparison of stereotaxic core needle biopsy (SCBX) and fine‐needle aspiration (SFNA) is needed, and should be based on the use of appropriate current methods of practice, and address the indication of each for different types of mammographic lesions.