Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I treatment for 1 week improves metabolic control in type 2 diabetes by ameliorating hepatic and muscle insulin resistance.

The administration of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I) reduces hyperglycemia and insulin requirements in subjects with severe insulin resistance syndromes and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanisms responsible for the improved metabolic control are incompletely understood. One proposed mechanism is that rhIGF-I therapy in T2DM may bypass early defects in insulin action (i.e. signal transduction), leading to improved hepatic and/or peripheral insulin sensitivity. To test this hypothesis, we used the euglycemic insulin clamp to measure the response to 7 days of rhIGF-I therapy (80 microg/kg, sc, twice daily) in eight poorly controlled T2DM subjects. rhIGF-I significantly improved fasting (203 +/- 12 vs. 134 +/- 14 mg/dL; P < 0.01) and day-long (0800-1700 h; 234 +/- 11 vs. 153 +/- 10 mg/dL; P < 0.01) plasma glucose levels. Basal endogenous glucose production decreased from 3.2 +/- 0.2 to 2.7 +/- 0.2 mg/kg lean body mass x min (P < 0.03) despite a concomitant decline in the fasting plasma insulin concentration from 13 +/- 5 to 5 +/- 1 microU/mL (P < 0.01). The decrement in basal endogenous glucose production was closely correlated with the decrement in fasting plasma glucose concentration (r = 0.78; P < 0.01). Whole body insulin-stimulated glucose disposal increased by 27% (from 5.6 +/- 0.8 to 7.1 +/- 0.8 mg/kg lean body mass x min; P < 0.01), but remained well below that observed in age- and weight-matched healthy subjects. The effects of rhIGF-I on endogenous glucose production and peripheral insulin sensitivity resemble those observed with intensified insulin regimens in T2DM. We conclude that 7 days of sc rhIGF-I improves glucose control by improving hepatic and muscle insulin sensitivity, but it remains markedly abnormal. This indicates that an intrinsic defect(s) responsible for insulin resistance in T2DM cannot be overcome by rhIGF-I treatment.
The simplex algorithm for multicommodity networks

We consider multicommodity network flow problems, where external flow is allowed to vary and where flows of individual commodities may be constrained. For this problem, we describe the simplex algorithm. The simplex algorithm is based upon the inverse of the basis matrix. We discuss an approach where we only have to invert a working matrix with dimension at most equal to the number of arcs in the network. The dimension is independent of the number of commodities. The reduced cost of a nonbasic variable is found only using the working matrix that is explicitly inverted and some simple network operations. We also discuss how to pivot in the working matrix. The focus is on the detailed interpretation of the network structures arising in terms of cycles for the individual commodities. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quadriceps muscle energetics during incremental exercise in children and adults.

PURPOSE This study tested the hypothesis that the muscle metabolic responses of 9- to 12-yr-old children and young adults during incremental quadriceps exercise are dependent on age and sex. METHODS Fifteen boys, 18 girls, 8 men, and 8 women completed a quadriceps step-incremental test to exhaustion inside a magnetic resonance scanner for determination of the muscle metabolic responses using P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Quadriceps muscle mass was determined using magnetic resonance imaging scans enabling comparison of metabolic data at a normalized power output. RESULTS The power output and the energetic state at the Pi/PCr and pH intracellular thresholds (IT) were independent of age and sex. The rate of change in Pi/PCr against power output after the ITPi/PCr (S2) was lower in boys (0.158 +/- 0.089) and girls (0.257 +/- 0.110) compared with men (0.401 +/- 0.114, P < 0.001) and women (0.391 +/- 0.133, P = 0.014), respectively, with sex differences present for children only (P = 0.003). Above the ITpH, S2 was more rapid in the men (-0.041 +/- 0.022, P = 0.003) and girls (-0.030 +/- 0.013, P = 0.011) compared with boys (-0.019 +/- 0.007), with no differences between the girls and the women (-0.035 +/- 0.015, P = 0.479). The increase in Pi/PCr at exhaustion was lower in boys (0.85 +/- 0.38) than that in men (1.86 +/- 0.65, P < 0.001) and in girls (1.78 +/- 1.25) than that in women (4.97 +/- 3.52, P = 0.003), with sex differences in both the child (P = 0.005) and the adult groups (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS During moderate-intensity exercise, muscle metabolism appears adult-like in 9- to 12-yr-old children, although both age- and sex-related differences in the "anaerobic" energy turnover are present during high-intensity exercise.
Overall Activity of All Masticatory Muscles during Lateral Excursion

Quantification of the overall activity of every masticatory muscle is requisite for the analysis of stomatognathic function, which has not been accomplished by conventional electromyography. We used positron emission tomography and 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose to quantify the overall activity of every masticatory muscle during lateral excursion, and to evaluate the relative contribution of each masticatory muscle to lateral excursion. The present study suggested that lateral and medial pterygoid muscles are more responsible for lateral excursion than are masseter and temporal muscles. In particular, the contralateral lateral pterygoid muscle plays a major role, followed by the contralateral medial pterygoid muscle.
A phase I trial of (90)Y-DOTA-anti-CEA chimeric T84.66 (cT84.66) radioimmunotherapy in patients with metastatic CEA-producing malignancies.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE Previous radioimmunotherapy (RIT) clinical trials at this institution with (90)Y-labeled cT84.66 anti-CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) evaluated the antibody conjugated to diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). The aim of this phase I therapy trial was to evaluate cT84.66 conjugated to the macrocyclic chelate (90)Y-DOTA and labeled with (90)Y in a comparable patient population. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with metastatic CEA-producing cancers were entered in this trial. If antibody targeting to tumor was observed after the administration of (111)In-DTPA cT84.66, the patient then received the therapy infusion of (90)Y-DOTA-cT84.66 1 week later. Serial nuclear scans, blood and urine collections, and computed tomography (CT) scans were performed to assess antibody biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, toxicities, and antitumor effects. RESULTS Thirteen (13) patients were treated in this study. Dose-limiting hematologic toxicity was experienced at initial starting activity levels of 12 and 8 mCi/m(2). Subsequent patients received systemic Ca-DTPA at 125 mg/m(2) every 12 hours for 3 days post-therapy to allow for a dose escalation to 16 mCi/m(2), where hematologic toxicity was observed with an associated maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 13.4 mCi/m(2). Tumor doses ranged from 4.4 to 569 cGy/mCi, which translated to 97-12,500 cGy after a single infusion of (90)Y-DOTA-cT84.66. Human anti-chimeric antibody (HACA) response developed in 8 of 13 patients and prevented additional therapy in 4 patients. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the feasibility of using (90)Y-DOTA-cT84.66 for antibody-guided radiation therapy. Immunogenicity of the DOTA-conjugated cT84.66 antibody was not appreciably greater than that observed with (90)Y-DTPA-cT84.66 in previous trials. Dose-limiting hematopoietic toxicity with (90)Y-DOTA-cT84.66 decreased with Ca-DTPA infusions post-therapy and appears to be comparable to previously published results for (90)Y-DTPA-cT84.66. The highest antibody uptake and tumor doses were to small nodal lesions, which supports the predictions from preclinical and clinical data that RIT may be best applied in the minimal tumor burden setting.
Demonstration of type II latency in T lymphocytes of Epstein–Barr Virus‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the most common infectious cause of non‐genetic hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). To investigate EBV‐infected lymphocytes and immune dysfunction in EBV‐associated HLH, blood samples from a 6‐year‐old boy were longitudinally analyzed using molecular techniques. EBV‐positive lymphocytes were detected as CD5+, CD8+, and/or HLA DR+ lymphocytes on Day 25 of the disease, mostly disappearing thereafter. CD8+ cells specific for lytic antigen BRLF1 were detected, but cells specific for latent antigens EBNA3 and LMP2 were not. EBV genes EBNA1, LMP1, LMP2, EBER1, BARTs were detected, suggesting a latency type II gene expression pattern in this case. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:326–328. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Minimally Invasive, In Vivo Exploration of Mouse Small Artery Reactivity

The aim of the study was to investigate in vivo arterial reactivity in the mouse hind limb using Orthogonal Polarisation Spectral (OPS) imaging, which delivers high-contrast images of vascular beds by visualizing red blood cells. After minimal skin invasion of anesthetized mice, the OPS probe was placed on the hind limb continuously superfused with physiological saline solution. Then, the response of the saphenous artery (average luminal diameter 127 ± 3 &mgr;m; n = 15) to topical application of increasing concentrations of acetylcholine or phenylephrine was examined. Mean carotid arterial blood pressure was unaffected during the experiment. The basal diameter decreased by 70% during exposure to phenylephrine (pD2: 5.65 ± 0.08; n = 9), while acetylcholine augmented basal diameter up to 199% (pD2: 6.55 ± 0.12; n = 6). Application of sodium nitroprusside did not further increase arterial diameter following acetylcholine exposure. After washing out, arterial luminal diameters returned to initial values. Second exposure to vasoactive agents demonstrated that changes in diameter were reproducible with time and not different between left and right saphenous arteries. Thus, OPS imaging is an in vivo dye-free, simple and minimally invasive approach, which provides unique information regarding the behavior of vascular network within conditions of cellular and physiological homeostasis.
The Relationship of Parental Reinforcement of Media Messages to College Students' Alcohol-Related Behaviors

Although alcohol consumption is a problem on the college campus, beliefs and behaviors predictive of alcohol use are in development in children as young as third grade. Because they develop partially in response to interpretations of media messages, for which parents can have an influence, this study examined how college students' ( N =300) recollections of parental reinforcement of media messages associated with alcohol-related beliefs and behaviors. Structural equation modeling showed that recalled positive mediation negatively predicted skepticism, and positively predicted desirability and expectancies. Desirability of media messages predicted more positive norms perceptions, and a lack of skepticism predicted more positive expectancies. With age of first experimentation controlled, expectancies predicted heavier current drinking behavior. Norms did not predict behavior, and positive mediation did not predict norms. The study concludes that to the extent parental communication leads adolescents to interpret media messages less skeptically, they encourage adolescents to find alcohol portrayals appealing. This in turn appears to lead toward more risky behaviors. The results suggest that college-based anti-alcohol campaigns can benefit by acknowledging the appeal of competing messages and by including parents as a campaign target.
QVT-Based Model Transformation to Support Unification of IEC 61850 and IEC 61970

A smart grid is an electrical power grid infrastructure for improved efficiency, reliability, and safety based on automated monitoring and control of data and communication. IEC 61850 and IEC 61970 are core standards in the smart-grid domain for substation automation and power operation management. There are significant data exchanges involved between the IEC 61850 level and the IEC 61970 level, which require high compatibility between the two standards. However, due to different perspectives and independent evolution, IEC 61850 and IEC 61870 are not compatible and practitioners have to come up with their own data mapping for the standards in an ad-hoc manner. This has led to significant issues on interoperability and data consistency in smart grids. An effective solution for this is to define a common semantic model of the standards and provide a systematic transformation method for transforming a model of the standards to a model of the common semantic model. In this paper, we present a metamodeling approach for unifying IEC 61850 and IEC 61970 and transforming models using query/view/transformation (QVT). We demonstrate the approach using a power transformer example.
Prediction of haemorrhage in the early stage of acute myeloid leukaemia by flow cytometric analysis of platelet function

Haemorrhage is often responsible for the lethal course of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Previously, multiple platelet function defects were identified by flow cytometric analysis of platelet activation markers in AML. The role of flow cytometric analysis of platelet function in characterization of prognostic markers of haemorrhage in AML patients has not been well elucidated. The objective of this prospective study was to analyse platelet function in 50 AML patients at diagnosis and to compare results with clinical bleeding score, graded by common toxicity criteria. Platelet activation markers CD62P, CD42b, CD63 and PAC‐1 were analysed following in vitro activation by thrombin receptor activating peptide. The following plasma haemostasis parameters were measured: soluble P‐selectin, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, prothrombin time, d‐dimer, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor antigen. In a multivariate analysis, P‐selectin (CD62P) <36 molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome × 103 (P < 0·0015) and platelet count <40 × 109/l (P = 0·01) were significant predictors of haemorrhage at diagnosis. Haemorrhage at diagnosis predicted grade 3–4 haemorrhage in the first 28 d following diagnosis (P = 0·018). The presented results indicate that low P‐selectin is a prognostic marker of haemorrhage in AML.
Smokeless tobacco use, tooth loss and oral health issues among adults in Cameroon.

BACKGROUND Tobacco use in smokeless and smoked forms is preventable cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use and the association with tooth loss and oral health problems among adults in Cameroon. METHODS Adults dwelling in the Fokoue area of West Region of Cameroon were studied. RESULTS Out of the 226 participants studied, 119 of them reported smokeless tobacco use giving a prevalence of 52.7% with majority-74 (62.2%) chewing it. Three-quarters (77.3%) of the respondents use it more than than thrice-daily and more than half of them respondents have been using it for 6-10 years. The smokeless tobacco users were more of those aged 50-59 years, females, farmers, those with less than post-primary education, non alcohol consumers and those that have not received previous dental care than smokeless tobacco users. However, it was only age (p=0.006) and educational attainment (p=0.009) that were significantly associated with smokeless tobacco use. Smokeless tobacco user were more likely to have poor oral hygiene, dental caries, gingival recession, leukoplakia, erythroplakia, abnormal growth, tooth wear lesion, experienced tooth loss and edentulousnss than non smokeless tobacco users. However, the significantly associated lesions with smokeless tobacco use were tooth loss (p=0.008), edentulousness (p=0.016), gingival recession (p=0.006) and leukoplakia (p=0.001). CONCLUSION The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use was high among adults in Cameroon and it was associated with more likelihood of oral health problems. There is therefore a need for health education on the health consequences of the smokeless tobacco use with demonstrations by the dentist.
Systemic ICI 182,780 Alters the Display of Sexual Behaviors in the Female Rat

The present study investigates the effects of the antiestrogen ICI 182,780 (ICI) on the display of sexual behaviors in female rats. ICI 182,780 is a pure anti-estrogen and when given systemically, ICI is thought to act only in the periphery, and is not believed to cross the blood brain barrier. The present study examines the effects of ICI on sexual receptivity and on paced mating behavior following treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone (P) (Experiment 1) or with EB alone (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, ICI (250.0 microg) did not affect the display of receptivity or paced mating behavior induced by EB and P. In contrast, in Experiment 2 female rats receiving EB alone displayed a decrease in the level of sexual receptivity following treatment with 500.0 and 750.0 microg ICI (but not 250.0 microg ICI). In addition, in Experiment 2 EB-treated female rats receiving 250.0 microg ICI spent more time away from the male rat following an intromission and were more likely to exit from the male compartment following a mount. Last, ICI had potent antiestrogenic effects on vaginal cytology (Experiment 2) and on the uterus (Experiments 1 and 2). The present study supports a role for peripheral estrogen receptors in sexual receptivity and paced mating behavior and suggests that estrogen receptor activation may decrease the aversive sensation associated with sexual stimulation.
Clinical Outcome After Primary Triple Arthrodesis*†

Background: To analyze the effects of multiple preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors on the intermediate results of triple arthrodesis, we focused on preoperative deformity, preoperative diagnosis, degree of clinical and radiographic correction, and arthritis of the ankle. Methods: Between 1987 and 1995, 160 patients were managed with a total of 183 triple arthrodeses. Patients who had an infection or neuroarthropathy or who were managed with a revision arthrodesis were excluded from our study. Of the 160 patients, 111 (132 feet) who had been followed for a minimum of two years formed our study group. Each patient had an arthrodesis with rigid screw fixation and realignment of the joint surfaces without resection of wedges. The average duration of follow-up was 5.7 years (range, 2.0 to 10.8 years). Results: As seen radiographically, arthritis of the ankle was significantly more severe postoperatively than preoperatively (p < 0.01), although patient satisfaction was not associated with the presence of arthritis. On a scale (not a visual analog) of 0 (not satisfied) to 10 (completely satisfied), overall satisfaction averaged 8.3 points (range, 0 to 10 points). The postoperative modified ankle-hindfoot score of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society averaged 60.7 points (range, 0 to 94 points). There was a significant association (p = 0.001) between satisfaction of the patient and postoperative alignment. Ten patients had a total of eleven complications: four superficial wound problems, three nonunions, one case of superficial peroneal neuritis, one case of Charcot-like neuroarthropathy of the foot (in a patient in whom diabetes developed during the follow-up period), one rupture of the Achilles tendon, and one case of peroneal tenosynovitis. Of the 111 patients, 101 (91 percent) stated that they would have the procedure again under similar circumstances, and this response was independent of the preoperative diagnostic or deformity group. Conclusions: Triple arthrodesis for the treatment of various deformities and etiologies is effective in relieving pain and improving functional deficits. Although a high prevalence of subsequent arthritis of the ankle was noted clinically and radiographically, we could detect no association between satisfaction of the patient and arthritis.
Decussations of the descending paraventricular pathways to the brainstem and spinal cord autonomic centers

Decussations of descending fibers of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were investigated by using Phaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L) in intact and brainstem‐operated rats. Fibers descend ipsilaterally along the brainstem and spinal cord and decussate at four levels: 1) Supramamillary decussations (SM). PVN fibers reach this area through the lateral hypothalamus and along the third ventricle in the dorsal hypothalamus. In the posterior hypothalamus some fibers crossover in the SM and terminate in the supramamillary region bilaterally. 2) Pontine tegmentum. PVN fibers run in the lateral part of the tegmentum arching to the basis of the pons. Some fibers crossover under the fourth ventricle. The locus ceruleus and the Barrington‘s nucleus receive bilateral innervation with ipsilateral dominance. 3) Commissural part of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). The major crossover of PVN fibers is found here. The decussated fibers form a dense network here, and loop rostralward to innervate the entire NTS. A midsagittal knife‐cut through the NTS eliminated paraventricular‐fibers on the contralateral side. Synaptic contacts between PHA‐L‐labeled boutons and tyrozine hydroxilase‐positive neurons were verified in the NTS. The caudal ventrolateral medulla also receives bilateral innervation. 4) Lamina X of the thoracic spinal cord. Paraventricular fibers enter the lateral funiculus ipsilaterally and innervate the intermediolateral cell column (IML). Some fibers cross the midline ventral and dorsal to the central canal running to the contralateral IML, at the level of the decussation. Our results demonstrated that paraventricular projections form a continuous descending pathway on their side of origin, and provide crossover fibers which may terminate segmentally without forming long tracts after crossover. J. Comp. Neurol. 414:255–266, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myosin 16 levels fluctuate during the cell cycle and are downregulated in response to DNA replication stress

Myosins comprise a highly conserved superfamily of eukaryotic actin‐dependent motor proteins implicated in a large repertoire of functions in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Class XVI myosin, MYO16, reveals expression in most somatic as well as meiotic cells with prominent localization in the nucleus, excepting the nucleolus; however, the role(s) of Myo16 in the nucleus remain unknown. In this report, we investigated Myo16 abundance during transit through the cell cycle. Immunolocalization, immunoblot, flow cytometric and quantitative RT‐PCR studies performed in Rat2 cells indicate that Myo16 mRNA and protein abundance are cell cycle regulated: in the unperturbed cell cycle, each rises to peak levels in late G1 and thereon through S‐phase and each decays as cells enter M‐phase. Notably, RNA interference‐induced Myo16 depletion results in altered cell cycle distribution as well as in large‐scale cell death. In response to DNA replication stress (impaired replication fork progression as a consequence of DNA damage, lack of sufficient deoxynucleotides, or inhibition of DNA polymerases), Myo16 protein shows substantial loss. Attenuation of replication stress (aphidicolin or hydroxyurea) is followed by a recovery of Myo16 expression and resumption of S‐phase progression. Collectively, these observations suggest that Myo16 may play a regulatory role in cell cycle progression. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.