Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Historical Analysis of Women's Emergence into Intercollegiate Athletic Leadership: Eastern Michigan University, a Case Study.

The implementation of Title IX has increased women’s participation rates in intercollegiate athletics tenfold, yet women’s representation in athletic leadership remains marginal compared to men. As such, the purpose of this study was to understand the social construction of gender as it relates to intercollegiate athletic leadership at Eastern Michigan University. The study explored the history of sporting activities as a mechanism to shape and perpetuate masculine and feminine culture. These values (i.e, competitiveness and cooperativeness) were institutionalized in higher education as sex-segregated physical education and athletic functions. This historical case study applied organizational and institutional theory analyzing the institutional, task, and cultural environments of men’s and women’s intercollegiate athletics. Men and women managed distinct athletic production functions reassured by the greater cultural environment and legitimized by regulatory bodies in the institutional environment. Changes imposed from Title IX in the institutional environment were met with opposition from the cultural environment. The task environment, however, supported the male model of intercollegiate athletics and absorbed women’s athletics as mandated by Title IX. Therefore, the majority of women athletic leaders remained in alignment with their positions as congruent to the dominant cultural environment and thus created a vacuum of coaches and administrators who once were occupying 90% of women athletic leadership. The task environment, which supported a technical core of producing competitive games, filled coaching appointments for the women’s program. Today, the cultural environment accepts participation of women in sports, yet women as intercollegiate athletic leaders still confront resistance from the cultural environment. This research provides a new perspective to women in sport while affirming the power of culture on our athletic institutions.
Protohistoric Marine Shell Working: New Evidence from Northern Illinois

In the US Midwest, the working of marine shell procured through vast trade networks has typically been associated with elite prestige economies and craft specialization at major Mississippian centers. Outside of these contexts, marine shell goods are often assumed to have been brought into communities as completed goods. A recent finding suggests that local, small-scale marine shell working occurred at an early seventeenth-century village in northern Illinois, Middle Grant Creek (11Wi2739). This finding represents the first probable evidence of marine shell working in the Midwest outside of large, Mississippian contexts. Consequently, this practice may be much more geographically and temporally expansive than previously thought. This evidence encourages a rethinking of marine shell finds whenever they are assumed to be imported as finished goods. En el Medio Oeste Norteamericano, el trabajo con conchas marinas obtenidas mediante amplias redes de intercambio ha sido típicamente asociado a economías de prestigio y especialización artesanal vinculadas a los grandes centros del Mississippi. Fuera de estos contextos, se asume que este tipo de bienes fueron incorporados a estas comunidades como objetos terminados. Un reciente hallazgo en el sitio Middle Grant Creek (11Wi2739), una aldea del siglo XVII ubicada en el norte de Illinois, sugiere la existencia de trabajo en concha marina a pequeña escala y en un contexto local. Este hallazgo representa la primera evidencia probable de una artesanía en concha marina fuera de contextos Mississippi. En consecuencia, esta práctica podría haber estado distribuida de manera mucho más amplia, tanto geográfica como temporalmente, a lo previamente establecido. Este descubrimiento invita a repensar la idea de que los objetos manufacturados con conchas marinas fueron invariablemente importados como bienes terminados.
The Impact of Teaching Presence on Online Engagement Behaviors

Guided by the Interactive-Constructive-Active-Passive framework, the purpose of the study was to investigate whether teaching presence would impact online learners’ passive, active, constructive, and interactive engagement behaviors. A total of 218 middle-school English teachers participated in an online professional development course. Quantitative data were collected from an online survey and the log files of the online course website. The results of the regression analysis revealed that, by controlling for the potential effects of the demographic variables, learners’ perceived teaching presence had a positive impact on their constructive and interactive engagement behaviors but not on their passive or active engagement behaviors. In light of these findings, implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
The Role of Context, Familiarity and Word Frequency in the Processing of Idiom Final Words

The current study explored whether word frequency effects are altered when words are read as part of idiomatic phrases. Participants read a series of high or low familiarity idiom phrases ending with either high or low frequency target words in contexts that supported either the literal or figurative interpretation of the idiom phrases. Target words in high familiarity idioms were processed faster than target words in low familiarity idioms. Faster reading times for high frequency target words than for low frequency words (word frequency effect) were found in gaze duration and total time reading measurements. Importantly, the word frequency effect was eliminated in first fixation duration. The results suggest that inclusion of a word in an idiom phrase changes the way that word is initially processed.
Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic gazelle hunting in the Badia of north-east Jordan. Reconstruction of seasonal movements of herds by stable isotope and dental microwear analyses

Abstract In the north-east Jordan steppe, gazelle were of considerable economic importance to human groups during the Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic. An influential model argues that gazelle herds migrated through the region and were only seasonally available to hunters. This study tests that model, asking whether gazelle were indeed highly seasonally mobile during these time frames, or whether they could have remained more local, adapted to periodically resource-rich habitats, and thus been available to hunters throughout the year. Interpretation of animal location, diet and season, through stable isotope analyses and microwear studies of archaeological gazelle teeth from ten chronologically and spatially varied sites, suggests herds did not migrate. Rather, gazelle appear to have had relatively local year-round habitats in the steppe during the Epipalaeolithic at least, while possibly ranging further and becoming more mobile in the Neolithic.
The Japanese concept KOKORO and its axiological aspects in the discourse of moral education

The Japanese concept KOKORO and its axiological aspects in the discourse of moral educationThis article on the axiological aspects of the ‘Japanese mind/heart/soul’ focuses on the native Japanese word kokoro, which is extremely polysemous, frequently appears in various contexts and can be considered one of the Japanese cultural concepts or key words. The primary concern here is the axiological aspects of KOKORO in the discourse of contemporary moral education. The first part presents the basic semantic structure of the word kokoro and its comparison with similar words in other languages. The next section summarizes the social changes leading to the emergence of kokoro as a key word, and its way to the discourse of moral education. It also examines what cultural and moral values of Japanese society can be revealed through the study of the cultural key word kokoro. The final part presents the results of a content and semantic analysis of a four-volume edition of study material for moral education classes Kokoro no nōto (2002, revised in 2009). Japońskie pojęcie KOKORO i jego aspekty aksjologiczne w dyskursie wychowania moralnegoNiniejszy artykuł poświęcony aspektom aksjologicznym ‘japońskiego umysłu/serca/duszy’ koncentruje się na rodzimym japońskim leksemie kokoro, który charakteryzuje się dużą polisemicznością i często pojawia się w różnych kontekstach, i który można uznać za jedno z japońskich pojęć kulturowych czy słów-kluczy. Artykuł omawia aspekty aksjologiczne KOKORO przede wszystkim w dyskursie współczesnego wychowania moralnego. Pierwsza część przedstawia podstawową strukturę semantyczną słowa kokoro w porównaniu z podobnymi słowami w innych językach. Kolejna – omawia zmiany społeczne, w wyniku których kokoro stało się słowem-kluczem i weszło do dyskursu edukacji moralnej, oraz przedstawia wartości kulturowe i moralne społeczeństwa japońskiego, jakie można dostrzec dzięki jego analizie. Końcowa część przedstawia wyniki analizy treści i semantyki czterotomowych materiałów do nauki wychowania moralnego zatytułowanych Kokoro no nōto (2002/2009).
Indirect positive evidence in the acquisition of a subset grammar

ABSTRACT This article proposes that second language learners can use indirect positive evidence (IPE) to acquire a phonological grammar that is a subset of their L1 grammar. IPE is evidence from errors in the learner’s L1 made by native speakers of the learner’s L2. It has been assumed that subset grammars may be acquired using direct or indirect negative evidence or, in certain L1–L2 combinations, using direct positive evidence. The utility of IPE is tested by providing native speakers of English with indirect evidence of the phonotactic constraints holding of word-initial clusters in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), which are a subset of those in English. Participants were tested on the well-formedness of BP-like words, and the results indicate that approximately one-third were able to use the IPE to make appropriate BP-like judgments. This suggests that IPE may be another source of evidence that learners can use to build a grammar that is a subset of their own L1 grammar.
"There's No Heterosexual Parade": Heterosexual Identity Expression in Black Men of Caribbean Descent

abstract:Using Mohr's (2002) model of adult heterosexual identity, this manuscript explicates the heterosexual identity expressions of heterosexual Black men of Caribbean descent (n = 11) during three research focus groups. Qualitative research with Caribbean immigrants presents an opportunity to further examine the model's application in a cultural context informed outside of the United States. The study employed abductive narrative reanalysis, from an integrated constructionist-critical paradigm (Esin, Fathi, & Squire, 2014; Ponterotto, 2005), to examine the explicit and implicit ways participants communicated their current working models and the disclosed precursors and determinants of their heterosexual identities. Mohr's (2002) model accurately applied to these qualitative data, with 100% of the working models represented, and the narrations participants provided illuminated the processes through which these working models come to be. Sexologists may use the findings to better understand the precursors to heterosexual identity development among heterosexual Black men of Caribbean descent.
Corporate brand identity measurement - an application to the services sector

Authors commonly agree that the identity of a brand is internally connected with staff and externally connected with the consumers and the rest of the stakeholders. Brand management studies are much focused on the external part, mainly on consumers. This research follows a different agenda exploring the brand identity dimensions by measuring the brand identity prism developed by Kapferer, both internally and externally. The measurement of brand identity is scarce in brand management literature. A reliable, valid and unique brand identity scale that empirically establishes the construct's dimensionality has yet to be developed in a highly consumer involvement context. This paper reports the findings of a research conducted at 235 engineering higher education students. Data were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis. Findings reveal that the brand identity prism is moderated by brand culture. This research also gave important insights regarding the theory proposed by Kapferer regarding the external brand identity.
The Suprasegmental Phonology of Yonghe Qiang in Typological Perspective

Author(s): Sims, Nathaniel Aaron | Advisor(s): Genetti, Carol | Abstract: This thesis is a description of suprasegmental phenomena in Yonghe Qiang, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Western Sichuan, China. The analysis, based on original data from fieldwork, presents Yonghe as having an obligatory word-level accent overlaying a privative /L/ vs. O tonal contrast. The thesis includes a discussion of issues of tone and prominence in the typology of suprasegmental phonology. The analysis includes an overview of Yonghe segmental phonology, a phonetic and phonological account of both tone and accent on monosyllabic and disyllabic nouns, as well as tone and accent sandhi phenomena. The discussion of the Yonghe data broadens typological knowledge of possible tonal systems and contributes to wider discussions regarding the validity of the phonological category of ‘accent’ (van der Hulst 2011, Hyman 2006, inter alia). The facts of the Yonghe tone system demonstrate the necessity of both tone and accent as units of analysis and the importance of recognizing language-specific phonological categories in phonological typology. The Yonghe system also suggests a need to reconsider and refine classifications of languages as having either ‘Register-tone systems’ or ‘Contour-tone systems’ (Pike 1948).
Moving in the USSR : Western anomalies and Northern wilderness

This book deals with 20th century resettlements in the western areas of the former USSR, in particular the territory of Karelia that was ceded by Finland in the WWII, Podolia in the Ukraine, and the North-West periphery of Russia in the Kola peninsula. Finns from Karelia emigrated to Finland, most of the Jews of Podolia were exterminated by Nazi Germany but the survivors later emigrated to Israel, and the sparsely populated territory beyond the Polar circle received the Societ conquerors of nature which they began to exploit. The empty areas were usually settled by planned state recruitment of relocated Soviet citizens, but in some cases also by spontaneous movement. Thus, a Ukrainian took over a Jewish house, a Chuvash kolkhos was dispersed along Finnish khutor houses, and youth in the town of Apatity began to prefer their home town in relation to the cities of Russia. Everywhere the settlers met new and strange surroundings, and they had to construct places and meanings for themselves in their new home and restructure their local identity in relation to their places of origin and current abodes. They also had to create images of the former inhabitants and explanations for various strange details they preceived around themselves. All articles within this volume are based on extensive field or archive work. This research project was funded by the Academy of Finland.
How ISIS addresses women from Western and Middle-Eastern backgrounds: A discourse analysis

Although the atrocities the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) commits against women on daily basis are no secret, hundreds of women from different parts of the world have pledged their allegiance to the terrorist group and many more are susceptible to radicalization. The group has capitalized on the opportunity the internet provides to spread their propaganda; however, this also means that it has provided researchers with a lot of accessible data to study. The focus of this thesis is on the language used in by ISIS in articles addressing women in its official online magazines. In order to look into how ISIS adapts its language to attract female recruits from different backgrounds, the research was conducted on a number of English articles selected from Dabiq and Rumiyah magazines and a number of Arabic articles from Al-Naba' newsletter. These articles were examined for lexical choices, pronominal use, metaphors, and absolutist reasoning. Then, on the macro level, the discursive approaches employed in these articles was compared and contrasted with each other to provide a clearer image of the roles portrayed for the female recruits and the power relations emphasized in the discourse. The analysis showed a focus in the English data on the roles of women as a member of a family and community who is often addressed in a familiar tone and given the illusion of having the space to negotiate her role. On the other hand, the Arabic data introduced the role of the physical fighter to its audience in texts heavily saturated with absolutist reasoning. This marks the beginning of a new and worrying trend for terrorist groups that have had little use for tailored content and culture sensitivity before.
Radiographic, Bone Densitometry and Clinic Outcomes Assessments in Femoral Shaft Fractures Fixed by Plating or Locking Retrograde Nail

Introduction: Distal femoral shaft fractures are characterized by increasing incidence and complexity and are still considered a challenging problem (high morbidity and mortality). No consensus on best surgical option has been achieved. Aim: This study aims is to investigate radiographic, mineral bone densitometry and clinical outcomes of locking retrograde intramedullary (LRN) nailing and anatomical locking plate to surgically treat distal femoral shaft fractures in young adults based on the hypothesis that there is no statistical difference among the two surgical options in terms of results (radiographic, bone densitometry and outcomes assessment). Methods: Retrospective study: 30 patients divided into 2 groups (Group 1 LRN, Group 2 Nailing). Average age was 42.67±18.32 for Group 1 and 42.84 ±18.32 for Group 2 (range of age 18-65 for both groups). Gender Ratio (male: female) was 2.75 (11:4) for both Group 1 and 2. AO Classification, NUSS and RUSH score, VAS, Dexa scans, plain radiographs were used. Evaluation endpoint: 12 months after surgery (mean follow up 16.24). Results: No statistical difference in terms of surgery time, transfusions, wound healing. Similar results with regard to average time of bone healing, RUSH scores, VAS, regression between RUSH and VAS, average correlation clinical-radiographic results and patients outcomes. Only one patient of each group had reduction of mineral bone densitometry values. Conclusion: No statistical difference about the use of LNR or Nailing for treatment of distal femur shaft fractures in terms of radiographic, bone densitometry and outcomes has been found accordingly to our results. Good subjective and objective results are provided by both techniques. The choice among the two techniques must be based on surgeons’ experience, indications and subjective patients’ aspects. The absence of relevant similar data in the published literature does not allow definitive validation (or rejection) of our hypothesis. A more powered study with bigger cohort is needed for definitive validation.
Do birds of a feather play football together? A study on ethnic segregation in Dutch amateur football

Abstract Policy makers in the Netherlands and elsewhere have increasingly put their faith in sports in general and especially club-based sports activities as an easy and effective tool for creating and maintaining cohesion in an ethnically heterogeneous society. Various studies, however, have hinted towards the limits of using sports activities and clubs for interethnic mixing. Using a unique and comprehensive dataset of amateur football club memberships over ten years, this paper investigates to what extent ethnic groups are unequally distributed over clubs in the Netherlands’ most popular organised sport. The results show that despite the wide popularity of club membership across ethnic groups, there exists a substantial amount of ethnic segregation between clubs. I conclude that sports, even when widely popular, face limitations in their potential to bring people of different backgrounds together and that while organised sports prove to be a fruitful case for further research on ethnic homophily and interethnic relations, we should also temper and carefully (re)consider our expectations of its use for social integration.
The fake first round about the Earth. The case of the supposed Chinese circumnavigation of 1421 from the post-truth paradigm

Introduction. Five hundred years ago, Magellan undertook a trip that would end up being, in the hands of Juan Sebastián Elcano, the first round the world. But, surprising as it may seem, not everyone accepts this historical truth. Such is the case of the book 1421: The Year China Discovered the World, published with remarkable success in 2002, and with successive editions and translations. Its author, Gavin Menzies, constructs a story about this alternative fact: a Chinese expedition completed the first globe circumnavigation a century before the Spanish expedition. Methodology. A case study research of Menzies’ book and its impact is proposed. To do RLCS, Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 74 – Pages 950 a 968 [Research] | DOI:10.4185/RLCS-2019-1366en |ISSN 1138-5820 | Year 2019 http://www.revistalatinacs. org/074paper/1366/49en.html Pages 951 this, we will start with the study question: How and why a false story around a historical event is nowadays constructed and disseminated? And how this fake history is counteracted? To do that, we will analyze multiple sources of evidence such as discourses and documentation in online environment. Results. The study underlines that the impact of the book starts right during the beginning of the so-called post-truth era, and it increases coinciding with these propitious moments for the propagation of fake news and fake history. Once analysed the evidences, it is verified how historical alternative facts like these are created, transmitted, and maintained in time, and how commercial and also propagandistic interests can be behind of something like this. Conclusions. Not even the well-known first round the world by Magallanes-Elcano is safe from the misinformation in the current era of post-truth. It is therefore important to remember once again the need to teach and spread historical truths in a rigorous, but also attractive and seductive way. At least as much as the fake history usually does. The disruptive stories of pseudohistory and conspiracy theories always will have a huge attraction for a part of the public, a public further increasing nowadays due to the digital ecosystem in which we live.
Emotion Recognition Using Facial Expression

Recognition of facial expression is a challenging problem for machine in comparison to human and it has encouraged numerous advanced machine learning algorithms. It is one of the methods for emotion recognition as the emotion of a particular person can be found out by studying his or her facial expressions. In this paper, we proposes a generic algorithms for recognition of emotions and illustrates a fundamental steps of the four algorithms such as Eigenfaces (Principal Component Analysis [PCA]), Fisherfaces, Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBP) and SURF with FLANN over two databases Cohn-kanade database and IIT BHU student face images as benchmark database.The objective of this book chapter is to recognize the emotions from facial images of individuals and compare the performances of holistic algorithms like Eigenfaces, Fisherfaces, and texture based recognition algorithms LBPH, hybrid algorithm SURF and FLANN. Matching efficiency of individual emotions from facial expression databases are labeled for training and testing phases. The set of features is extracted from labeled dataset for training purpose and test images are matched with discriminative set of feature points. Based on that comparison, we conclude that Eigenfaces and Fisherfaces yields good recognition accuracy on the benchmark database than others and the efficiency of SURF with FLANN algorithm can be enhanced significantly by changing the parameters.