Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXAMINATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS IN EXPERIMENTAL MESENTERIC ISCHEMIA MODEL

Amac: Akut mezenterik iskemi (AMI) tanisinda plazma protein karbonil, total antioksidan statusu (TAS), total oksidan statusu (TOS), oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI) ve malondialdehit (MDA) tani degerini saptamak. Yontem: Bu randomize kontrollu deneysel calismada, 30 olgun disi Sprague-Dawley sican alti gruba ayrildi. Grup 1, 3 ve 5, sadece laparotomi yapilan kontrol gruplariydi. Grup 2, 4 ve 6 laparotomi ve ust mezenterik arter ligasyonu yapilan mezenterik iskemi gruplari idi. Cerrahi islem sonrasi 30 dakika (grup 1 ve 2), 2 saat (grup 3 ve 4) ve 6 saat (grup 5 ve 6) kan ve doku ornekleri alindi. Sonuclar: Iskemi ve kontrol gruplari arasindaki fark histopatolojik duzeyde istatistiksel olarak anlamliydi (p = 0.007). Iskemi gruplari uzerinde histopatolojik hasar goruldu. Histopatolojik hasar, kontrol grubuna kiyasla (2 saat ve 6 saatte) iskemi gruplarinda anlamli olarak daha yuksekti (p = 0.002 ve p = 0.006). Oksidatif stres parametreleri plazma protein karbonil, MDA, TAS, TOS veya OSI'de degerlendirildi. Kontrol ve iskemi gruplarinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli farklilik gozlenmedi. Sonuc: MDA, TAS, TOS ve OSI duzeyleri gruplar arasinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli farklilik gozlenmezken, plazma protein karbonil ve mezenterik iskemi model Iskemi ve kontrol gruplari gibi oksidatif stresin diger belirtecleri arasinda anlamli farklilik gosterilmedi.
Volatility Decomposition - Empirical Patterns of the Idiosyncratic Risk on the Swedish Stock Market

We decompose total stock market volatility into market-, industry- and firm-specific components to empirically explore if and how the level of idiosyncratic volatility has changed over time. The econometric methods of Campbell, Lettau, Malkiel and Xu (2001) are applied to the Swedish stock market 1985 to 2004. We find evidence for an upward trend and show that there is a significant increase in idiosyncratic volatility over time. Industry-specific volatility shows a weaker upward trend and market-specific volatility remains flat. The firm-specific volatility tends to lead the other series and market-specific volatility tends to lead industry-specific volatility. None of the volatility series have the power to forecast GDP growth or market returns. We suggest that a higher degree of competition on the market and an increase of newly listed firms during the bull-market of the late 1990s contribute to the upward trend in idiosyncratic volatility.
Small ruminants as manipulators of brown hare (Lepus europaeus) habitat in kermes oak rangelands.

Livestock grazing affects habitat structure and forage resources, thus it often influences the abundance and dispersion of wild fauna's populations. The aim of this study was to assign the usefulness of small ruminants as habitat manipulators for brown hare in a mosaic landscape (kermes oak stands intermingled with grasslands). The importance of kermes oak as a food resource for goats and sheep in spring was estimated with the microhistological analysis of faeces. We a lso tested the hypothesis that different levels of livestock grazing intensity influence the use of kermes oak stands by hare; and the type of habitat (kermes oak stands or grasslands), which is used more intensively by hares, using the pellet counts method. Kermes oak was a primary food resource for goats and a secondary one for sheep. Different levels of livestock grazing intensity did not affect the use of kermes oak stands by hare. Grasslands constituted the main feeding habitat for hare, while kermes oak stands were used mainly for shelter. Reducing the scrubland area and creating various shaped and sized openings (grasslands) could benefit brown hares. However, available cover and food must both be considered in conserva tion plans. Manipulation of kermes oak stands can be based mainly on goats and secondarily on sheep. Grazing strategies may be used to increase forage availability for hare, to improve its quality and to provide adequate cover, so as to attract hares to desired areas. Thus, under appropriate grazing management brown hare habitat values could be enhanced.
Quantum formulation for nanoscale optical and material chirality: symmetry issues, space and time parity, and observables

To properly represent the interplay and coupling of optical and material chirality at the photon-molecule or photon-nanoparticle level invites a recognition of quantum facets in the fundamental aspects and mechanisms of light–matter interaction. It is therefore appropriate to cast theory in a general quantum form, one that is applicable to both linear and nonlinear optics as well as various forms of chiroptical interaction including chiral optomechanics. Such a framework, fully accounting for both radiation and matter in quantum terms, facilitates the scrutiny and identification of key issues concerning spatial and temporal parity, scale, dissipation and measurement. Furthermore it fully provides for describing the interactions of structured or twisted light beams with a vortex character, and it leads to the complete identification of symmetry conditions for materials to provide for chiral discrimination. Quantum considerations also lend a distinctive perspective to the very different senses in which other aspects of chirality are recognized in metamaterials. Duly attending to the symmetry principles governing allowed or disallowed forms of chiral discrimination supports an objective appraisal of the experimental possibilities and developing applications.
Intermediate means of transport. A review paper with special reference to Ghana. March 2002.

The paper reviews the history and current usage of Intermediate Means of Transport (IMTs) with particular reference to Ghana. An earlier version of this paper was prepared as preliminary background for a small action research project in 5 off-road villages in southern Ghana (which commenced in February 2001). The current version incorporates findings from the ensuing project. The paper, although especially relevant to the coastal Ghanaian context, has wider application in Ghana and sub-Saharan Africa.
Nonparametric identification of random coefficients in endogenous and heterogeneous aggregate demand models

This paper studies nonparametric identi fication in market level demand models for differentiated products with heterogeneous consumers. We consider a general class of models that allows for the individual speci fic coefficients to vary continuously across the population and give conditions under which the density of these coefficients, and hence also functionals such as welfare measures, is identified. Building on earlier work by Berry and Haile (2013), we show that key identifying restrictions are provided by (i) a set of moment conditions generated by instrumental variables together with an inversion of aggregate demand in unobserved product characteristics; and (ii) the variation of the product characteristics across markets that is exogenous to the individual heterogeneity. We further show that two leading models, the BLP-model (Berry, Levinsohn, and Pakes,1995) and the pure characteristics model (Berry and Pakes, 2007), require considerably different conditions on the support of the product characteristics.
Physicochemical characteristics of textile effl uent collected from Erode, Pallipalayam, and Bhavani polluted regions, Tamil Nadu, India

Environmental pollution is one of the most important and vital nuisances of the modern world. Among them, industries are the utmost polluters of the native soil. Textile dyeing industry is one of the fast burgeoning production in India (80%), it consumes substantial volume of water and chemicals (Ahluwalia and Goyal 2007). It categorized by their high load of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids, total dissolved solids (TDS), extreme pH values, and color adding to their odor (Kabra et al., 2013). However, their excess or insufficiency caused severe damage to the soil, ground water, and food chain production; which ultimately leads to be toxic to human health (Cheraghi et al., 2011). In addition, cluster of dyeing factories do not have sufficient store for treating the effluents, and hence, it is release into the river without proper treatment thus making the river water unusable (Joo et al., 2007). As far as western Tamil Nadu is troubled the rivers Amaravathy, Noyyal, Cauvery, and Bhavani are polluted by the discharge of effluent water from the nearby industries. Many industries, of late have installed reverse osmosis plants to neutralize and recycle the effluents. In addition, characterization of the effluent is important to resolve its reuse as a safe option due to its high water consumption. The present investigation was aimed to know the effect of dye industrial effluent on water quality of affected region.
Public Health Spending and GDP per Capita in Malaysia: Does the Lucas Critique Apply?

This study re-examined the public health expenditure and GDP per capita nexus, applying the super exogeneity test developed by Engle and Hendry (1993). We utilised time series annual data for Malaysia from 1970 to 2013, during which the country had witnessed a noticeable increase in Gross Domestic Product and various regime shifts, namely, the “Malaysian Incorporated” policy in 1983, Asian financial crisis in 1998 and the Global financial crisis in 2008. The results of super exogeneity test show that public health expenditure is weakly exogenous and in variance to the policy shifts that have taken place, and therefore it is super exogenous for the parameters of the estimated model. In other words, health expenditure from the public source of financing promotes GDP per capita improvement and Lucas critique does not hold in the case of Malaysia.
Epidemiological Study of Poisoning in Patients of Karaj Shariati Hospital in 2011 to 2012

Background : Acute poisoning is one of the most problems of health systems in the world. The aims of this study are evaluation of demographic characteristics and causes of poisonings in patients referred to Karaj Shariati hospital. Methods: A cross sectional study was done in one year. With a non-probability convenience sampling, all of poisoning patients admitted in Karaj Shariati hospital from June 2011 to June 2012 were studied. Data collected from patients records and then analyzed. Results: One hundred seventy two drug poisoning patients with mean age of 29.8 (SD=13.4) years evaluated. The most common drugs which caused poisoning were: Benzodiazepines, Tramadol, Psychiatry drugs and Acetaminophen. 12.8 percent of patients had drug-induced seizure and mortality rate was 5.8 %. There was a relation between Tramadol poisoning and drug-induced seizure ( p value=0.000, Odds Ratio=12.8, 95%Confidence of Interval (4.7-34.8)). Conclusion: This study showed that Tramadol poisoning prevalence is high and opiates are the most common cause of death in drug poisonings, which show need to more educations in schools and addiction-disuse centers and more controls on pharmacies.
A BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXY WITH AN EXTREMELY LARGE FLAT CORE

Hubble Space Telescope images of the galaxy cluster A2261, obtained as part of the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble, show that the brightest galaxy in the cluster, A2261-BCG, has the largest core yet detected in any galaxy. The cusp radius of A2261-BCG is 3.2 kpc, twice as big as the next largest core known, and ∼3 × bigger than those typically seen in the most luminous brightest cluster galaxies. The morphology of the core in A2261-BCG is also unusual, having a completely flat interior surface brightness profile, rather than the typical shallow cusp rising into the center. This implies that the galaxy has a core with constant or even centrally decreasing stellar density. Interpretation of the core as an end product of the “scouring” action of a binary supermassive black hole implies a total black hole mass ∼1010 M☉ from the extrapolation of most relationships between core structure and black hole mass. The core falls 1σ above the cusp radius versus galaxy luminosity relation. Its large size in real terms, and the extremely large black hole mass required to generate it, raises the possibility that the core has been enlarged by additional processes, such as the ejection of the black holes that originally generated the core. The flat central stellar density profile is consistent with this hypothesis. The core is also displaced by 0.7 kpc from the center of the surrounding envelope, consistent with a local dynamical perturbation of the core.
EFFECTS OF ALLELOPATHIC CHEMICALS EXTRACTED FROM VARIOUS PLANT LEAVES ON WEED CONTROL AND WHEAT CROP PRODUCTIVITY

A study on allelopathic effect of leaf water extracts of Eucalyptus, Acacia, Sorghum, Shishum, Sunflower, Poplar, Tobacco and Congress grass on weeds control and growth of wheat cv. Hashim-8 was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan during 2012-2013. The findings of this study revealed that allelopathic chemicals in leaf water extracts of these plants significantly suppressed weeds growth by reducing weed density, fresh and dry weed biomass, and encouraged wheat yield and yield components such as days to 50% heading, plant height, tillers m -2 , grain spike -1 , 1000-gain weight, biological and grain yield. Even though minimum fresh and dry weed biomass and highest wheat grain yield and yield related components were observed in twice hand weeding treatment which is economically less feasible on large scale. However, our findings showed an alternative allelopathic technique to minimize weed infestation and boost wheat growth and yield using natural plant material. On the basis of present results, it is recommended that leaf water extracts of Sorghum, Sunflower and Congress grass can be applied twice (30 and 60 DAS) during the growing season to control weeds and to enhance wheat grain yield.
Nutrient addition increases consumption rates of tropical algae with different initial palatabilities

While nutrient enrichment increases herbivory rates on highly palatable species of tropical algae, it is unclear how nutrient enrichment affects species with differing initial palatabil- ities. We determined that there was a wide range in relative palatability among 5 perennial and common species of Caribbean coral reef algae in a cafeteria-style choice experiment, with overall preference for Acanthophora spicifera the highest, Dictyota dichotoma and Caulerpa sertulari- oides intermediate, and Turbinaria turbinata and Sargassum polyceratium the lowest, although there were significant differences in grazing rates among algal species between the 2 fringing reef sites tested. We then tested the hypothesis that increased nutrient content in algae increases palatability using choice experiments between enriched and ambient algal samples for each of 3 species along this palatability gradient: A. spicifera, D. dichotoma, and S. polyceratium. For all species, herbivores selected enriched over ambient samples across the 2 sites despite contrasting herbivore guilds (i.e. dominated by sea urchin Diadema antillarum versus herbivorous fishes). However, despite increased palatability of enriched S. polyceratium, overall herbivory on this spe- cies was still relatively low compared to other studies, suggesting that S. polyceratium in this sys- tem may have stronger chemical defenses, or that a specialist herbivore guild may be missing on this Caribbean reef. Regardless of the mechanism, our study implies that anthropogenic or natural events that result in high supplies of nutrients in coral reef seawater will increase overall seaweed palatability, even of unpalatable species.
The influence of hypercapnia and the infaunal brittlestar Amphiura filiformis on sediment nutrient flux - will ocean acidification affect nutrient exchange?

Abstract. Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide and the concomitant increased uptake of this by the oceans is resulting in hypercapnia-related reduction of ocean pH. Research focussed on the direct effects of these physicochemical changes on marine invertebrates has begun to improve our understanding of impacts at the level of individual physiologies. However, CO2-related impairment of organisms' contribution to ecological or ecosystem processes has barely been addressed. The burrowing ophiuroid Amphiura filiformis, which has a physiology that makes it susceptible to reduced pH, plays a key role in sediment nutrient cycling by mixing and irrigating the sediment, a process known as bioturbation. Here we investigate the role of A. filiformis in modifying nutrient flux rates across the sediment-water boundary and the impact of CO2- related acidification on this process. A 40 day exposure study was conducted under predicted pH scenarios from the years 2100 (pH 7.7) and 2300 (pH 7.3), plus an additional treatment of pH 6.8. This study demonstrated strong relationships between A. filiformis density and cycling of some nutrients;
BeppoSAX broad X-ray range observations of eta Carinae during high and low spectroscopic states

We present BeppoSAX spectra of the extremely luminous and massive object η Car observed in a very broad X-ray range (0.1-200 keV) during high state (December 1996) and egress from the last low state (March 1998). Both spectra are composed of at least two components, a soft one with kT s < 0.7 keV, and a hard with kT h = 4.7 keV. We found in March 1998 a large flux defect in the 1.5-4 keV range, while the flux remained constant below 1.5 keV and above 5 keV. We attribute this defect to a x3.5 increase of the absorbing matter in front of the hard component, while its temperature and unabsorbed luminosity were nearly the same in the two epochs. In December 1996 the PDS X-ray flux in the 13-20 keV range is larger than the extrapolated hard spectrum, indicating the presence of an even harder additional component, which possibly declined during the March 1998 low state. Conversely, we find that at that time, the flux of the 6.7 keV iron line was 40% stronger. Coordinated optical and NIR spectroscopic observations indicate that in March 1998 η Car was still in a state of low excitation of the emission line spectrum, with extended P Cygni absorptions. These results indicate that after the X-ray flux minimum, the hard component recovered its high state luminosity more rapidly than the high ionization spectral lines, but in the meantime it was partly occulted by a large amount of absorbing matter placed in front of the source. These results are discussed in the framework of the proposed binary model of η Car.
INTERTROPICAL CINGULATES (MAMMALIA, XENARTHRA) FROM THE QUA- TERNARY OF SOUTHERN BRAZIL: SYSTEMATICS AND PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS

Intertropical Pleistocene taxa of dasypodids and pampatheriids are reported for the Lagoon-Barrier III System (Arroio Chui locality) and for the Touro Passo Formation (Ponte Velha I locality), both from Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. The record of pampatheriids includes new specimens that confirm the presence of Pampatherium humboldti in the Arroio Chui assemblage. Material previously assigned to Holmesina majus is identified as H. paulacoutoi. The record of dasypodids includes a large-sized specimen of the genus Dasypus, represented by an isolated pelvic buckler osteoderm, closely related to Dasypus (Hyperoambon) kappleri, and of Propraopus sulcatus, represented by isolated moveable and fixed osteoderms. This southernmost Brazilian record of P. sulcatus extends their distribution by about 2200 km from Lagoa Santa (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). The first record of P. sulcatus also includes specimens previously referred to as Propraopus cf. grandis from the Touro Passo Formation. Propraopus sulcatus differs from P. punctatus and P. grandis in having: osteoderms with wrinkled external surface, with wide and relatively deep sulci; principal figure plane, ranging from subcircular to hexagonal in fixed osteoderms; and moveable osteoderms with principal sulci forming a lageniform figure, and with four to five larger foramina distributed on the posterior half of these sulci. The late Pleistocene mammals of the coastal province and western Rio Grande do Sul were previously considered closely related to those of the Pampean region of Argentina. However, the presence of intertropical mammals in southern Brazil (Arroio Chui locality and Touro Passo Formation) mixed with Pampean representatives, corroborates the proposal of a close paleobiogeographic relation with assemblages of northern Uruguay and Argentine Mesopotamia.
Assessing the Welfare Cost of a Fixed Exchange-Rate Policy

This paper performs a welfare analysis based on the hypothetical scenario that Denmark gave up its peg and started conducting monetary policy according to a Taylor rule. For this we rely on a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model for a small open economy that was estimated on Danish data using Bayesian methods. We obtain the result that the gain in welfare is equivalent to a permanent increase of around 0.8 pct in the level of consumption. Examining a range of alternative scenarios does not change this conclusion, unless we assume a degree of policy errors under the Taylor rule that is substantially larger than those estimated by other studies.
Observational validation of the diffusive convection flux laws in the Amundsen Basin, Arctic Ocean

The low levels of mechanically driven mixing in many regions of the Arctic Ocean make double diffusive convection virtually the only mechanism for moving heat up from the core of Atlantic Water towards the surface. In an attempt to quantify double diffusive heat fluxes in the Arctic Ocean, a temperature microstructure experiment was performed as a part of the North Pole Environmental Observatory (NPEO) 2013 field season from the drifting ice station Barneo located in the Amundsen Basin near the Lomonosov Ridge (89.5°N, 75°W). A diffusive convective thermohaline staircase was present between 150 and 250 m in nearly all of the profiles. Typical vertical heat fluxes across the high-gradient interfaces were consistently small, O(10−1) W m−2. Our experiment was designed to resolve the staircase and differed from earlier Arctic studies that utilized inadequate instrumentation or sampling. Our measured fluxes from temperature microstructure agree well with the laboratory derived flux laws compared to previous studies, which could find agreement only to within a factor of two to four. Correlations between measured and parameterized heat fluxes are slightly higher when using the more recent Flanagan et al. [2013] laboratory derivation than the more commonly used derivation presented in Kelley [1990]. Nusselt versus Rayleigh number scaling reveals the convective exponent, η, to be closer to 0.29 as predicted by recent numerical simulations of single-component convection rather than the canonical 1/3 assumed for double diffusion. However, the exponent appears to be sensitive to how convective layer height is defined.