Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Timing of Liver Transplantation After Primary Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Special Reference to Recurrence Pattern and Milan Criteria

Introduction. Hepatic resection (HR) is commonly applied as first-line treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) even in the era of liver transplantation (LT). Methods. Outcomes and detailed recurrence pattern of 80 patients, who underwent curative HR for HCC were examined referring to Milan criteria. Results. (I) After HR for HCCs exceeding Milan criteria (n=41), recurrence within the criteria was observed in 13 patients (group-A) and recurrence not-meeting the criteria was observed in 22 patients (group-B). group-A showed better 3-year recurrence-free survival rate than group-B (85.7% vs. 23.9%, P<0.05). Tumor size more than or equal to 6 cm was identified as the significant factor for having recurrence as in group-A pattern (P<0.05). Among the patients in group-A, re-recurrence after treating recurrent HCC was observed in eight patients (61.5%) with increased rate of extra-Milan criteria recurrence at 12 months from the initial recurrence. (II) After HR for HCCs meeting Milan criteria (n=39), recurrences within the criteria was observed in 15 patients (group-C) and recurrence not-meeting the criteria was observed in five patients (group-D). The 3-year recurrence-free survival rate was 62.8% in group-C and 40.0% in group-D (P<0.05). Increased rate of extra-Milan re-recurrence was observed later than 12 months from the recurrence in group-C. Conclusions. For HCCs not meeting Milan criteria, secondary LT after primary HR could be applied for a proportion of cases with less aggressiveness. For those meeting Milan criteria, primary LT should be the first therapeutic option. However, secondary LT could be offered for those with re-recurrence within criteria after primary HR.
Infl uenza A ( H 5 N 1 ) Viruses from Pigs , Indonesia

ate hosts in which avian infl uenza viruses can adapt to humans. To determine whether this potential exists for pigs in Indonesia, we conducted surveillance during 2005–2009. We found that 52 pigs in 4 provinces were infected during 2005–2007 but not 2008–2009. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the viruses had been introduced into the pig population in Indonesia on at least 3 occasions. One isolate had acquired the ability to recognize a human-type receptor. No infected pig had infl uenza-like symptoms, indicating that infl uenza A (H5N1) viruses can replicate undetected for prolonged periods, facilitating avian virus adaptation to mammalian hosts. Our data suggest that pigs are at risk for infection during outbreaks of infl uenza virus A (H5N1) and can serve as intermediate hosts in which this avian virus can adapt to mammals.
Comparison of voltage source and current source based Converter in 5MW PMSG wind turbine systems

This paper provides a comparison of power converter loss and thermal description for voltage source and current source type 5MW-class medium voltage topologies of wind turbines. Neutral-point clamped three-level converter is adopted for voltage source type topology while two-level converter is employed for current source type topology considering the popularity in the industry. In order to match the required voltage level of 4160V with the same switching device of IGCT as in voltage source converter, two active switches are connected in series for the case of current source converter. Transient thermal modeling of a four-layer Foster network for heat transfer is done to better estimate the transient junction and case temperature of power semiconductors during various operating conditions in wind turbines. The loss analysis is confirmed through PLECS simulations. The comparison result shows that VSC-based wind turbine system has a higher efficiency than that of CSC under the rated operating conditions.
Expression cloning of two genes that together mediate organic solute and steroid transport in the liver of a marine vertebrate

Uptake of organic solutes and xenobiotics by mammalian cells is mediated by ATP-independent transporters, and four families of transporters have now been identified. To search for novel organic solute transporters, a liver cDNA library from an evolutionarily primitive marine vertebrate, the little skate Raja erinacea, was screened for taurocholate transport activity by using Xenopus laevis oocytes. In contrast to the organic anion transporters identified to date, a transport activity was identified in this library that required the coexpression of two distinct gene products, termed organic solute transporter α and β (Ostα, Ostβ). Ostα cDNA encodes for a protein of 352 aa and seven putative transmembrane (TM) domains. Ostβ contains 182 aa and has at least one and perhaps two TM domains. There is no significant sequence identity between Ostα and Ostβ, and only low identity with sequences in the databases; however, Ostα bears a resemblance to some G protein-coupled receptors, and Ostβ exhibits 22% amino acid identity with the C-terminal TM and intracellular domains of protocadherin-γ, a cell surface glycoprotein. Xenopus oocytes injected with the cRNA for both Ostα and Ostβ, but not each separately, were able to take up taurocholate, estrone sulfate, digoxin, and prostaglandin E2, but not p-aminohippurate or S-dinitrophenyl glutathione. Transport was sodium-independent, saturable, and inhibited by organic anions and steroids, including the major skate bile salt, scymnol sulfate. These results identify an organic anion transporter composed of a putative seven-helix TM protein and an ancillary membrane polypeptide.
Real‐time visualization of muscle stiffness distribution with ultrasound shear wave imaging during muscle contraction

A stand‐alone ultrasound shear wave imaging technology has been developed to quantify and visualize Young's modulus distribution by remotely applying ultrasound radiation force and tracking the resulting microvibrations in soft tissues with ultrafast ultrasound imaging. We report the first preliminary data that detected the distribution of local muscle stiffness within and between resting and contracting muscles at different muscle lengths with this technology. This technique may assist clinicians in characterizing muscle injuries or neuromuscular disorders. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Formal languages and their relation to automata

From the Preface (See Front Matter for full Preface) The study of formal languages constitutes an important subarea of computer science. This area sprang to life around 1956 when Noam Chomsky gave a mathematical model of a grammar in connection with his study of natural languages. Shortly afterwards, the concept of a grammar was found to be of great importance to the programmer when the syntax of the programming language ALGOL was defined by a context-free grammar. This development led naturally to syntax-directed compiling and the concept of a compiler compiler. Since then a considerable flurry of activity has taken place, the results of which have related formal languages and automata theory to such an extent that it is impossible to treat the areas separately. By now, no serious study of computer science would be complete without a knowledge of the techniques and results from language and automata theory. This book presents the theory of formal languages as a coherent theory and makes explicit its relationship to automata. The book begins with an explanation of the notion of a finite description of a language. The fundamental descriptive device--the grammar--is explained, as well as its three major subclasses--regular, context-free, and context-sensitive grammars. The context-free grammars are treated in detail, and such topics as normal forms, derivation trees, and ambiguity are covered. Four types of automata equivalent to the four types of grammars are described. These automata are the finite automaton, the pushdown automaton, the linear bounded automaton, and the Turing machine. The Turing machine is covered in detail, and unsolvability of the halting problem shown. The book concludes with certain advanced topics in language theory--closure properties, computational complexity, deterministic pushdown automata, LR(k) grammars, stack automata, and decidability.
Predicting the Acoustic Performance of Mufflers using Transmission Line Theory

The effectiveness of a reactive muffler results from the destructive interference of acoustic waves travelling within the device. Cross-sectional area changes within the device produce the interfering acoustic waves. In this paper, plane wave transmission line theory is used to predict the acoustic performance of simple expansion chamber mufflers. The performance is quantified by the frequency-dependent sound transmission loss. The presence of dissipative materials has also been considered by the inclusion of a simple model describing wave propagation in porous materials. The predicted acoustic performance is obtained for various mufflers and compared with results obtained experimentally.
The outcome of Prednisolone treatment among idiopathic membranoproliferative adult patients in Omdurman Military Hospital, Khartoum (2010-2015)

Allergic rhinitis (AR) as other allergic diseases (AD), e.g; asthma, eczema and food allergy, is common in children. Characteristic symptoms of AR may result in daytime inattention, irritability, and hyperactivity, which are also components of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Conflicting data in previous studies exist regarding the relationship between ADHD and AD. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk of AR and self- reported allergic diseases in doctor- diagnosed ADHD pediatric patients. We conducted a case- control study, where 78 patients and 103 non-ADHD controls were included. Skin prick test to common aeroallergens was done to all participant as a test for the presence of allergic rhinitis disease besides self- report questionnaires were distributed among them where they self-reported the presence of AD. The results shows that the prevalence of any positive skin prick test (SPT) in ADHD patients was higher than in the control group, at 25.6 % and 13.6%, respectively ( p = 0.04). Whilst the frequency of self-reported allergic rhinitis was 3.6 times higher in the ADHD patients than among the non-ADHD controls ( p = 0.004). The prevalence of any self- reported atopic disease was similar among the groups (≈ 49%, p < 0.05), The factors that best predict the presence of ADHD disease were positive skin prick test, self-reports of allergic rhinitis and family reports of asthma ( p < 0.05). As a conclusion ; This study has provided the first population-based case-control study of the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and self- reported AD among pediatric patients with ADHD in Jordan. According to our findings, the rates of any positive skin prick test to aero- allergens and allergic rhinitis in ADHD children are greater compared to healthy cohort. Therefore, assessment of allergic diseases may be beneficial in children diagnosed with ADHD.
CHANGE OF PROTEIN CONTENT IN CEREBRO-SPINAL FLUID(CSF) WITH THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MENINGITIS -

Aim: In our study we observed that changes in the findings of CSF differs and increase in the protein content of the CSF in particular varies with the types of meningitis. The study was aimed at finding the relationship of the range of elevation of protein with different types of meningitis. Methodology: Total 40 subjects were included in this study. The subjects were selected from the patients admitted in the Pediatric in-patient department of the Chattagram Ma-Shishu O General Hospital Medical College, Chittagong and Bangladesh. This study was done during the period of November 2008 to June 2009. Among the cases, preceding other infections were very high e.g. Pneumonia was present in 15, Measles in 2,Tuberculosis in 5 cases and preceding Seizure disorder was present in 4 cases. Most of the patients had the features of meningism, i.e. Neck rigidity was positive in 30%, Kernig sign in 22%, and Brudziniski sign in 24% patients respectively. Pyogenic meningitis was diagnosed in 68%, viral meningitis in 12% of the patients and Tubercular meningitis was clinically diagnosed in 2 patients. Results: The protein level was significantly increased (>80mg/dl) in 65%, moderately increased (61-80mg/dl) in 20% and mildly increased (46-60mg/dl) in 15% of the patients. Patients with Pyogenic meningitis and Tubercular meningitis had significantly increased protein level (>240mg/dl) in their CSF whereas in viral meningitis the CSF protein level is highly variable and in between 62-178.3 mg/dl. Furthermore, lymphocyte and neutrophils were also detected in the CSF of 5 (12.5%) and 34 (85%) of the patients respectively. In pyogenic meningitis, the Neutrophil count was very high compared to that in viral meningitis - the finding which helps in disease management. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that protein level in CSF might be a potential tool for detecting and differentiating different types of meningitis more precisely.
Effect of Spatially-Varying GDL Properties and Land Compression on Water Distribution in PEM Fuel Cells

A multi-dimensional two-phase model of polymer electrolyte fuel cells is developed and employed to investigate through-plane water profiles with spatially-varying properties of gas diffusion layers (GDL) being accounted for. Both one-dimensional (1-D) and 2-D model predictions of liquid water profiles are presented. We find that the GDL properties can significantly affect the liquid through-plane profiles and local features, for example, liquid water may be trapped due to the spatial variation in GDL properties. Furthermore, land compression can cause GDL property variation in the in-plane direction, altering liquid water distribution. Model predictions are compared with experimental data from both neutron radiography and X-ray imaging. Reasonably good agreements are obtained. © 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.015111jes] All rights reserved.
MODELLING OF A PARTIAL-STRENGTH BEAM-TO-COLUMN JOINT FOR HIGH DUCTILE STEEL-CONCRETE COMPOSITE MR FRAMES

The paper describes the behaviour and component modelling of partial strength beam-to-column joints used in high ductile steel-concrete composite moment-resisting frame structures. The joint performance was determined via quasi-cyclic and monotonic tests conducted on subassemblages at the University of Pisa and a series of pseudo-dynamic tests executed on a full-scale two-storey frame structure specimen at the European Laboratory for Structural Assessment (ELSA) of the Joint Research Centre (JRC). The joints analysed are composed of extended end-plate connections whose inelastic response is divided mainly between shear yielding of the column web panel and inelastic bending of the extended end plate and column flange. Also yielding of the slab reinforcements and concrete crushing against the face of the columns took place during testing. Analytical models of internal joints were developed on the basis of experimental results and formulae on subassemblages. In detail, experimental laws governing the response of joint components were obtained by using only equilibrium and kinematic considerations to process experimental data. Results obtained permitted existing laws to be validated, some of which with current European standards.
PHENOLOGY AND YIELD OF THE ‘ ROXO DE VALINHOS ’ FIG CULTIVAR IN WESTERN POTIGUAR

The ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ fig is one of the most widely grown varieties in the world, however, there are still few studies on the phenology and yield of fig trees, especially in semi-arid regions. This study evaluated the phenology and yield aspects of the ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ fig cultivar in Western Potiguar. The experiment was carried out from July to December 2015 in the didactic orchard of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, UFERSA. The following phenological aspects were analyzed: pruning at the beginning of budding, emergence and maturity of the first fruit, beginning of harvest, length and diameter of branches, number of fruits per branch, length and diameter of fruits, absolute growth rate, yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, and fruit weight. We used descriptive statistics; for quantitative and qualitative characteristics, we used regression analysis and means test, through Tukey ́s test at 5% probability. Fig trees showed good adaptability to semi-arid regions and precocity when compared to fig trees from temperate regions, in all phenological stages; the studied cultivar showed promising results for cultivation in this region.
Development in vibration-based structural damage detection technique

This paper presents a general summary and review of state-of-the-art and development of vibration-based structural damage detection. Various structural damage detection methods based on structural dynamic characteristic parameters are summarised and evaluated. The principle of intelligent damage diagnosis and its application prospects in structural damage detection are introduced, and the development trends of structural damage detection are also put forward. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Extraversion and Evaluation of Humorous Advertisements

Evaluation of humorous advertisements is supposed to be influenced by the perceivers' traits. The present study assessed the relation of extraversion with ratings of eight characteristics of humorous and informative advertisements. 75 high school students viewed the advertisements; a small positive correlation was found between scores on Extraversion and overall positive ratings of the humorous advertisement, but the correlation of scores on Extraversion with overall ratings of the informative advertisement was not statistically significant. Higher scores for Extraversion were positively correlated with more favorable reactions toward the humorous advertisement. Overall ratings of the humorous advertisement were also positively correlated with the humorousness and informativeness ratings, indicating that the more the advertisement was perceived as humorous and informative, the more positive was the overall rating. The later ratings were significantly intercorrelated at rs = . 50. The role of extraversion was small but significant in the evaluation of humorous advertisements.
Wavelet-based Estimation of Fully Non-stationary Spectra and Applications to Seismic Engineering

First a method is presented to define a wa velet-based time-dependent spectrum for arbitrary non-stationary processes. Numerical resu lts, assessed in terms of statistics depending on the spectral moments, prove satisfactory. Then the method is used to estimate the time-dependent spectrum of single-degree-of-freedom linear systems , in conjunction with an approximate analytical relation between the input and the outpu t wavelet transform, already available in the literature. The validity of such relation is found to depend on the system and the input parameters. Interesting applications are feasible for linear sy stems with viscous dampers, subjected to seismic input.
A study of thermal dose-induced autophagy, apoptosis and necroptosis in colon cancer cells

Abstract Purpose: The pleiotropic effects of heat on cancer cells have been well documented. The biological effects seen depend on the temperature applied, and the heating duration. In this study we investigate the cytotoxic effects of heat on colon cancer cells and determine how different cell death processes such as autophagy, apoptosis and necroptosis play a role in cell response. Materials and methods: The thermal dose concept was used to provide a parameter that will allow comparison of different thermal treatments. Two human colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and HT29, were subjected to ablative temperatures using a polymerase chain reaction thermal cycler. Temperature was recorded using thermocouples. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Induction of apoptosis was estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that detects cleaved cytoplasmic nucleosomes. Protein regulation was determined using immunoblotting. The percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis and autophagy was determined with annexin V/propidium iodide staining and a cationic amphiphilic tracer using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Results: Exposure of colon cancer cells to ablative thermal doses results in decreased cell viability. The cytotoxic effect of heat is associated with induction of apoptosis and autophagy, the amount depending on both the thermal dose applied and on the time elapsed after treatment. Autophagy induction is mainly seen in live cells. RIPK3 protein levels are increased after exposure of cells to heat. A necroptosis inhibitor does not affect cell viability. Conclusions: Autophagy, apoptosis and necroptosis are associated with the response of these cancer cell lines to supra-normal temperatures.
Risk preferences and HIV/AIDS: Evidence from Senegalese female sex workers

We investigate the role of preferences for risk on health and sexual behaviours of female sex workers in Senegal using primary data collected from 592 sex workers in 2017. Preferences for risk were measured using simple incentivised risk elicitation tasks as well as domain-specific risk-taking scales. Our main result indicates that risk preferences are a main predictor of sex workers’ health and behaviours. We find that risk averse sex workers demand more preventive services and are less likely to engage in risky sex and, as a result, are less likely to be infected with sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS. Hence, our results confirm the role of risk preferences in the spread of HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Turbulent drag reduction by wavy wall

Fully-developed turbulent flow in channels with oblique wavy walls is analysed, from a drag-reduction perspective, by means of Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). The wavy geometry is chosen to emulate the shear strain produced by a Spatial Stokes Layer (SSL) generated by oscillatory wall motion. As the cost of performing a parametric optimisation is prohibitive, an alternate solution is presented, based on a linear model of a perturbed plane-channel flow, using a turbulent viscosity. Flow properties and levels of drag reduction or increase are reported for various configurations.
Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment compared with that of hydrocortisone acetate ointment in children with atopic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND Vehicle-controlled studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment in the treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to compare 0.03% and 0.1% tacrolimus ointment with 1% hydrocortisone acetate ointment in children 2 to 15 years of age with moderate-to-severe AD. METHODS Treatment was twice daily to affected areas for 3 weeks in this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study. The primary endpoint was the modified eczema area and severity index (mEASI) mean area under the curve (mAUC) as a percentage of baseline. RESULTS Five hundred sixty patients were randomized and received at least one application of ointment. Discontinuations included 21 of 189 patients from the 0.03% tacrolimus group, 13 of 186 patients from the 0.1% tacrolimus group, and 20 of 185 patients from the hydrocortisone acetate group. The median mEASI mAUC as a percentage of baseline showed 0.03% and 0.1% tacrolimus to be significantly more effective than 1% hydrocortisone acetate (P <.001) and 0.1% tacrolimus to be more effective than 0.03% tacrolimus (P =.006). The mEASI mAUC as a percentage of baseline was 44.8%, 39.8%, and 64.0% for patients who received 0.03% tacrolimus, 0.1% tacrolimus, and 1% hydrocortisone acetate, respectively. Transient skin burning was the only adverse event to show a higher incidence in the tacrolimus treatment groups than in the hydrocortisone acetate group (P <.05). Laboratory parameters showed no treatment differences and no marked changes over time. CONCLUSION Tacrolimus, 0.03% and 0.1%, was significantly more effective than 1% hydrocortisone acetate and 0.1% tacrolimus was more effective than 0.03% tacrolimus in the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD in children. No safety concerns were identified.