Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What powers the most relativistic jets? - II. Flat-spectrum radio quasars

Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs) are the most powerful relativistic jets seen from supermassive black holes (BHs) accreting via a radiatively efficient thin disc. Their high energy emission is well modelled by highly relativistic electrons in the jet Compton upscattering an external source of seed photons, primarily from the broad line region. Strong Doppler boosting by the jet bulk motion makes these FSRQs readily detectable by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. We combine jet spectral models with scaling relations for the jet physical parameters as a function of mass and accretion rate. This does not match well to the Gamma-ray loud Narrow Line Seyfert 1s, assuming their low BH masses are reliable, but is able to predict much of the spectral evolution observed along the Blazar sequence. We use these models in conjunction with cosmological simulations of efficiently accreting BH number densities, and find that they overpredict the observed number of FSRQs by 2 orders of magnitude if all of these objects produce a FSRQ jet. We can better reproduce the observed numbers if jets are only produced by high spin BHs and BH spin is built from chaotically aligned accretion episodes so that high spin BHs are rare. However, this does not reproduce the observed redshift and mass accretion rate distributions of the FSRQs. This may indicate a redshift dependence in accretion mode, with sustained alignment accretion episodes being more prevalent at higher redshift, or that there is some other trigger for FSRQ jets.
Time Management and Its Relation To Students’ Stress, Gender and Academic Achievement Among Sample of Students at Al Ain University of Science and Technology, UAE

The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between time management, perceived stress, gender and academic achievement among United Arab Emirates college students. The respondents were 352 college students from Al Ain University of Science and Technology. The sample was stratified by sex. Among the respondents, 52.5% were female students and 47.5% were male students. The mean age of the sample was 23.4 years ranging from 18 to 39. Time management was measured by Time Management Questionnaire” developed by Britton and Tesser (1991), while perceived stress was measured by The Perceived Stress Scale developed by Cohen (1985). The findings of the study showed that there was statistically significant negative relationship between time management and perceived stress. Females reported higher time management compared to their males counter mates. Higher time management and lower perceived stress were associated with high levels of academic achievement. However, time management was the most significant predictor of academic achievement accounting for 26 % of the variance while perceived stress accounted for an additional 11.2% of the variance in academic achievement. All three predictors explained 29.4% (R = .543) of total variance. The implications and limitations are reviewed as are the suggestions for future research. Keywords: Time management, perceived stress, academic achievement, college students.
Music motivation and the effect of writing music: A comparison of pianists and guitarists

The purpose of this study is to examine a set of motivation variables within guitar and piano players. We also tested for motivational differences among three groups: those who write music, those who plan to write music in the future, and those who do not write nor intend to write. An international sample of 599 musicians was obtained (guitar: N = 292, piano: N = 307) through the use of an online survey. Self-Determination Theory, a prominent perspective in the motivation literature, was utilized along with other motivational constructs, including perceived competence, musical self-esteem, effort, desire to learn, willingness to play, and possible musical selves. Findings revealed differences between pianists’ and guitarists’ levels of motivational intensity, desire to learn, introjected regulation, perceived competence and willingness to play. Results also indicated that the group who write music had significantly higher levels of musical self-esteem, willingness to play, motivational intensity, desire to learn, and perceived competence. Findings from this study suggest that pianists and guitarists both are intrinsically motivated, but for different reasons. The underlying motivational needs that are met by the instrument’s “culture” appear to focus on competence for pianists and on autonomy and relatedness for guitarists.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Restructuring in the banking industry with implications for Europe

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva. nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
En route vers l'Ouest. Les débuts de l'Aurignacien en Europe

Building on a re-assessment of the major Aurignacian sequences found in central Europe and the Balkans, this book picks up the trail of the earliest anatomically modern humans across Europe. The analysis of the lithic productions from Geissenklosterle in Germany, Willendorf and Krems in Austria and Bacho Kiro in Bulgaria provides the basis for a discussion about the unity and variability of the initial stages of this cultural complex, equated with the beginning of the Upper Palaeolithic.
The Effects of Repetition and L1 Lexicalization on Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition

This study of incidental vocabulary acquisition through reading, involving 72 freshmen at two Asian universities, investigated (i) the effect of repeated encounters with target words on the development of seven aspects of word knowledge, and (ii) the effect of L1 lexicalization on the acquisition of meaning—does the absence of an L1 translation equivalent make acquisition of a word’s meaning especially difficult? Seven measures were used, immediately after the treatment and again after a two-week delay. The design was based on that of Webb (2007) but emphasized ecological validity over control, presenting genuine words in meaningful reading passages and thus complementing Webb’s more tightly controlled experiment. Results for repetition largely supported his findings while suggesting that the nature of his study led to an overestimate of learning. Knowledge of orthography, part of speech, and meaning showed different patterns of development with increasing encounters. On the immediate posttest, repetition affected productive knowledge somewhat more than receptive, consistent with Webb’s findings, but this relation reversed on the delayed posttest. For L1 lexicalization, non-lexicalized words caused great difficulty.
Culture, Law, and Finance: Cultural Dimensions of Corporate Governance Laws

Using cross-sectional samples of nations from around the world and drawing on two models of cultural dimensions in cross-cultural psychology, we study the relations between investors' legal rights - as reflected in the indices of La Porta et al. (LLSV) - and national cultural profiles. We find that grouping countries according to legal families - the cornerstone of LLSV's legal approach - provides only a partial depiction of the universe of corporate governance regimes. Our findings cast doubt on the alleged supremacy of statutes in common law countries in protecting creditors and, hence, in protecting investors in general. We also find that indices of voting rights and creditor rights correlate with cultural dimensions, but that an index of remedial rights does not. These findings have implications for studying diversity and convergence in corporate governance systems and for a systematic analysis of the interface between law and culture.
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia ENHANCEMENT OF GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE IN Fe

ENHANCEMENT OF GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE IN Fe 2 O 3 -MWCNT/PVA NANOCOMPOSITE FILM. Synthesis and magnetic properties characterization of Fe 2 O 3 -MWCNT/PVA nanocomposite film were carried out. Fe 2 O 3 -MWCNT as a filler of nanocomposite thin film were synthesized using simple mixing methods from a solution containing FeCl 3 , and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWNT). The solution was sonicated for almost 20 minutes then dried at 450 C for one hour. The mixture of the two composition was dispersed with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) in 20 mL aquabidest and homogenized by ultrasonicator for 15 minutes at 40 C. Then filler was then mixed with Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) with some various concentration and dried overnight at room temperature. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and Raman Spectroscopy were used to find out the presence of Fe 2 O 3 phase in as prepared sample. Iron oxide phase partially filled in the wall of MWCNT observed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) properties were investigated. The maximum GMR value was negative 80% of the composition 1:9 filler/matrix volume ratio. The linear negative of the magnetoresistance (MR) ratio is coincident with a model as proposed by Nguyen, Spivak and Shklovskii (NSS) and related to the effect of quantum interference between Fe 2 O 3 -MWCNT in PVA matrix.
Women Directors on Corporate Boards: A Review and Research Agenda

Manuscript Type: Conceptual (Review) Research Question/Issue: This review examines how gender diversity on corporate boards influences corporate governance outcomes that in turn impact performance. We describe extant research on theoretical perspectives, characteristics and impact of women directors on corporate boards (WOCB) at micro, meso and macro levels: individual, board, firm and industry/environment. Research Finding/Insights: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review of WOCBs, incorporating and integrating research from over 400 publications in psychology, sociology, leadership, gender, finance, management, law, corporate governance and entrepreneurship domains. In addition, we organized our findings to provide a new lens enabling the field to be readily examined by level and by theoretical perspective. The review indicates that WOCB research is about improving corporate governance through better use of the whole talent pool’s capital, as well as about building more inclusive and fairer business institutions that better reflect their present generation stakeholders. Theoretical/Academic Implications: With only one in ten papers addressing theoretical development, the predominant perspectives are human and social capital theories and gender schema at individual level; social identity, token and social networks theories at board level; resource dependency, institution and agency theories at firm level, and institutional, critical and political theories at environmental level. We provide a short synopsis of findings at each level, and conclude with an outline of fruitful directions for future research. Practitioner/Policy Implications: There are increasing pressures for WOCBs, from diverse stakeholders such as the European Commission, national governments, politicians, employer lobby groups, shareholders, Fortune and FTSE rankings, best places for women to work lists as well as expectations from highly qualified women who are likely to leave if they see no women board members. Rationales generally draw on the business case, however the moral justice case is also used by those who seek a fairer gender balance in all aspects of society. From our review, the ‘Impact’ section charts the effect of WOCB at all four levels of analysis.
Epidemiological studies on complications in type 1 diabetes

The main threat to the health of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is its complications. This thesis aimed to assess the risks of hip fracture, non-trauma lower extremity amputation (LEA) and myocardial infarction in patients with T1DM as well as the fertility in women with T1DM. In the Swedish Inpatient Register, we identified a population-based cohort of T1DM patients who were first hospitalized for diabetes before age 31. Follow-up for outcomes of interest was done through cross-linkage of the Inpatient Register or linkage to the Causes of Death, Multi-Generation or Medical Birth Register. Standardized Hospitalization / Incidence / Fertility Ratios (SHRs, SIRs and SFRs) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI), were used to estimate relative rates. Poisson Regression modeling was used to compare the relative effects of the SHRs/SIRs/SFRs and the risk of LEAs in different calendar periods. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the cumulative probability of the outcome of interest. Compared with the general population, more than 7-fold and 9-fold excess risks for hip fracture were observed in men and women, respectively. The cumulative probability of hip fracture was 6.58% until age 65. The risk of LEAs had decreased by 40% in the most recent calendar period (2000-2004) compared to the previous period. However, these patients still had an extremely high risk compared with the general population. By the age of 65, the cumulative probability of a LEA was 11.0% for women, and 20.7% for men. The SIRs for myocardial infarction among T1DM patients decreased from 32.3 for the period 1975-1984 to 15.3 for 1985-1994, and then decreased further to 9.7 for 1995-2004. The relative risk during the follow-up period 1995-2004 decreased by 50% compared to 1975-1984. Similar trends were observed for men and women, non-fatal and fatal myocardial infarction, although excess risks were notable for fatal myocardial infarction in women. No excess risk of myocardial infarction was observed for their non-DM brothers, while a modest excess risk was noted for their non-DM sisters. At age 65 the cumulative probability of a myocardial infarction was 28% for T1DM patients, while the corresponding figure for their non-T1DM siblings was 6%. The presence of diabetes complications conferred much higher risks for hip fracture, non-trauma LEAs and myocardial infarction. Reduced fertility was confined to women first hospitalized before 1985 and a normalization of fertility was observed in women who were first hospitalized after 1985. The presence of diabetes complications was associated with subfertility in all calendar-year strata. The proportions of newborns with congenital malformations decreased from 11.7% during 1973–1984 to 6.9% during 1995–2004, but were still higher compared to that of the women in the general
Small-scale Irrigation: The Driver for Promoting Agricultural Production and Food Security (The Case of Tigray Regional State, Northern Ethiopia)

Small-scale irrigation practices determine the level of food production and, to a great extent, the state of the food security. Considering its importance to the overall growth of the agriculture sector, the Government of Ethiopia gives special emphasis to enhance agricultural production through the promotion of small-scale irrigation schemes. This paper looks at the role of small-scale irrigation in promoting agricultural production and food security. It pays particular attention to the results of small-scale irrigation practices, issues that enhance or impede small-scale irrigation capacities and explore complementary strategies that enhance the development of small-scale irrigation. We use descriptive and regression analysis to examine the relationship between small-scale irrigation and agricultural production. Relying on a survey result and observations, we conclude that, small-scale irrigation schemes could significantly improve agricultural production and the status of food security.
Private Standards Organizations and Public Law

Simplified, universal access to law is one of the important transformations worked by the digital age. With the replacement of physical by digital copies, citizens ordinarily need travel only to the nearest computer to find and read the texts that bind them. Lagging behind this development, however, has been computer access to standards developed by private standards development organizations, often under the umbrella of the American National Standards Institute, and then converted by agency actions incorporating them by reference into legal obligations. To discover what colors OSHA requires for use in workplace caution signs, one must purchase from ANSI the standard OSHA has referenced in its regulations, at the price ANSI chooses to charge for it.The regulations governing incorporation by reference as a federal matter have not been revised since 1982, and so do not address the changes the digital age has brought about in what it means for incorporated matter to be “reasonably available,” as 5 U.S.C. §552(a)(1) requires. This essay seeks to bridge that gap, suggesting a variety of approaches that might bring the use of incorporation by reference into conformity with modern rulemaking practices and respect the general proposition that documents stating citizens’ legal obligations are not subject to copyright, while at the same time both honoring clear federal statutory policy favoring the use of privately developed standards in rulemaking and respecting the needs standards organizations have to find reasonable means to support the costs of their operations. Business models created in the age of print need to change; the challenge is to find ways to permit the market in privately developed voluntary standards to thrive, without thereby permitting the monopoly pricing of access to governing law.
The effect of ETFs on the value relevance of earnings

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether the market reaction to accounting information changed due to the increase of ETF trading. More specifically, this master thesis investigates whether the value relevance of earnings is different due to ETF ownership. The value relevance of earnings is determined by using the ERC measure which focuses on a security’s abnormal market return in response to the unexpected component of the firm’s reported earnings. The results of the main regression analyses and the sensitivity tests combined lead to the rejection of the hypothesis suggesting a negative association between ETF trading and value relevance of earnings. The conclusion in this thesis states that ETF trading did not change the value relevance of earnings. This thesis focuses on a new potential determinant of the value relevance of earnings. Besides the results have implications for practice, because the way investors react to accounting numbers may influence the reporting of firms and new accounting standards. The implications for practice are limited since no change in value relevance of earnings is noted.
Temporal and spatial dynamics of the regions 1 and 2 Birkeland currents during substorms

We use current density data from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) to identify the location of maximum region 1 current at all magnetic local times (MLTs). We term this location the R1 oval. Comparing the R1 oval location with particle precipitation boundaries identified in DMSP data, we find that the R1 oval is located on average within 1° of particle signatures associated with the open/closed field line boundary (OCB) across dayside and nightside MLTs. We hence conclude that the R1 oval can be used as a proxy for the location of the OCB. Studying the amount of magnetic flux enclosed by the R1 oval during the substorm cycle, we find that the R1 oval flux is well organized by it: during the growth phase the R1 oval location moves equatorward as the amount of magnetic flux increases whereas after substorm expansion phase onset significant flux closure occurs as the R1 current location retreats to higher latitudes. For about 15 min after expansion phase onset, the amount of open magnetic flux continues to increase indicating that dayside reconnection dominates over nightside reconnection. In the current density data, we find evidence of the substorm current wedge and also show that the dayside R1 currents are stronger than their nightside counterpart during the substorm growth phase, whereas after expansion phase onset, the nightside R1 currents dominate. Our observations of the current distribution and OCB movement during the substorm cycle are in excellent agreement with the expanding/contracting polar cap paradigm.
PRINCIPAL COMPONENT REGRESSION REVISITED

Principal component regression has been perceived as a remedy for multi- collinearity. Cook (2007) suggested that principal components and related method- ology actually play a broader role than previously thought. Recently, Artemiou and Li (2009) provided a probabilistic explanation of the phenomenon that the response is often highly correlated with the leading principal components of the predictors. This article reinforces the previous results and offers an alternative perspective.
IMPROVING KNOWLEDGE COORDINATION IN EARLY STAGES OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT USING GAMIFICATION

Research on software development teams, both co-located and virtual, reveals that additional focus is necessary to improve coordination. This research-in-progress explores one element of gamification for improvingthe initial stages of software team coordination. We develop a model to empirically test the effects of gamification during software requirements elicitation on both co-located and virtual teams based on a controlled 2 x 3 experiment.
Fiscal Policy and Macroeconomic Stability: New Evidence and Policy Implications

The paper revisits the empirical link between fiscal policy and macroeconomic stability. Our basic presumption is that by definition, the operation of automatic stabilizers should always and everywhere contribute to greater macroeconomic stability (output and consumption). However, two stylized facts seem at odds with that prediction. First, the moderating effect of automatic stabilizers appears to have weakened in advanced economies between the mid-1990s and 2006 (the end of our main sample). Second, automatic stabilizers do not seem to be effective in developing economies. Our analysis addresses these apparent puzzles by accounting for the government’s ambivalent role as a shock absorber and a shock inducer for determinants of macroeconomic volatility over time. Results provide strong support for the view that fiscal stabilization operates mainly through automatic stabilizers.
Is Capital Inadequacy a Factor for Bank Failure? Evidence from US Banking

If capital adequacy is an important determinant for bank failure, the natural hypothesis is that there exists a significant difference in capitalization between failed banks and non-failed banks. The paper tests this hypothesis by using the ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis K tests t on four measures of capital adequacy: Tier 1 risk based capital to average total assets (T1RBCATA), Total risk based capital to risk weighted assets (TRBCRWA), equity capital to assets (EQCTA), and Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets (T1RWA). The paper finds significant differences in capital adequacy between the failed and survived banks in all four measures.