Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patients, family physicians, and pain: visions from interview narratives.

BACKGROUND Family physicians reportedly underestimate their patients' pain severity. Explanations for this remain unexamined. This study explores the understanding family physicians and their patients have of the common experience of pain. METHODS We studied six culturally homogeneous private practice family physician-patient pairs from Connecticut using a qualitative, cross-sectional long interview design. Interviews were taped in the office or home and analyzed by the research team using an editing style derived from the constant comparative method. RESULTS The patients described pain as spiritually awakening, experienced in the body, and part of everyday life with conceptual, behavioral, functional, and spiritual dimensions. The patients all claimed that physicians don't listen. The family physicians expressed a personal understanding of pain similar to the patient and a professional one which was more biomedical, concerned about addiction, and related to control of and connection with patients. Patients and physicians described the role of the doctor as a four-stage process of listening, knowing, responding, and taking time, but they meant different things. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals family physicians and their patients struggling to communicate about pain. The role of family physician socialization, strategies for listening and sharing power in the clinical encounter, and a new four-dimensional classification of pain are briefly discussed.
Localized Benign and Malignant Fibrous Tumors of the Pleura: A Clinicopathologic Review of 223 Cases

We reviewed 223 localized fibrous tumors of the pleura and divided them histologically into 141 benign and 82 malignant neoplasms. The criteria used for a judgment of malignancy were high cellularity and mitotic activity (more than four mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields), pleomorphism, hemorrhage, and necrosis. The tumors occurred equally in both sexes, most commonly in the sixth to seventh decades of life. Presenting symptoms included chest pain, dyspnea, and cough; they were observed in three-fourths of patients with a malignant tumor. One in every four of these patients had hypoglycemia, clubbed digits, or pleural effusion. Two-thirds of the tumors were attached to visceral pleura, often by a pedicle. The rest arose from the parietal pleura of the chest wall, diaphragm, or mediastinum. Neoplasms in these atypical sites, together with fissural lesions and tumors “inverted” into peripheral lung, were more often malignant. Most neoplasms measured 5–10 cm and weighed 100–400 g. Microscopically, the “patternless pattern,” or hemangiopericytic type, was seen in the majority of cases, and mixed patterns were seen in nearly 40% of tumors. Of the 169 tumors where follow-up was available, all of the benign and 45% of the malignant tumors were cured by simple excision. Patients surgically cured of a malignant neoplasm had pedunculated or well-circumscribed lesions. However, 55% of patients with malignant tumors succumbed to their disease secondary to invasion, recurrence, or metastasis. Resectability is the single most important indicator of clinical outcome. No tumor expressed epithelial differentiation, either immunohistochemically or ultrastructurally; therefore, we favor the term “localized fibrous tumor” of pleura instead of “localized mesothelioma. ”
Daily physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is mainly associated with dynamic hyperinflation.

RATIONALE Although the major limitation to exercise performance in patients with COPD is dynamic hyperinflation, little is known about its relation to daily physical activity. OBJECTIVES To analyze the contribution of dynamic hyperinflation, exercise tolerance, and airway oxidative stress to physical activity in patients with COPD. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, we included 110 patients with moderate to very severe COPD. Daily physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer providing a mean of 1-minute movement epochs as vector magnitude units (VMU). Patients performed the 6-minute walk test, incremental exercise test with measurement of breathing pattern and operating lung volumes, and constant-work rate test at 75% of maximal work rate. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Using the GOLD stage and BODE index, we determined arterial blood gases, lung volumes, diffusing capacity, and biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate. Daily physical activity was lower in the 89 patients who developed dynamic hyperinflation than in the 21 who did not (n =161 [SD 70] vs. n = 288 [SD 85] VMU; P = 0.001). Physical activity was mainly related to distance walked in 6 minutes (r = 0.72; P = 0.001), Vo(2) (r = 0.63; P = 0.001), change in end-expiratory lung volume during exercise (r = -0.73; P = 0.001), endurance time (r = 0.61; P = 0.001), and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate (r = -0.67; P = 0.001). In a multivariate linear regression analysis using VMU as a dependent variable, dynamic hyperinflation, change in end-expiratory lung volume, and distance walked in 6 minutes were retained in the prediction model (r(2) = 0.84; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Daily physical activity of patients with COPD is mainly associated with dynamic hyperinflation, regardless of severity classification.
Effect of Expertise on Postmaximal Long Sprint Blood Metabolite Responses

Hanon, C, Rabate, M, and Thomas, C. Effect of expertise on postmaximal long sprint blood metabolite responses. J Strength Cond Res 25(9): 2503-2509, 2011—The aim of this study was to describe and compare the blood metabolic responses obtained after a single maximal exercise in elite and less-successful athletes and to investigate whether these responses are related to sprint performance. Eleven elite (ELI) and 14 regional (REG) long sprint runners performed a 300-m running test as fast as possible. Blood samples were taken at rest and at 4 minutes after exercise for measurements of blood lactate concentration [La] and acid-base status. The blood metabolic responses of ELI subjects compared to those of REG subjects for pH (7.07 ± 0.05 vs. 7.14 ± 1.5), sodium bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3−], 8.1 ± 1.5 vs. 9.8 ± 1.8 mmol·L−1), hemoglobin O2 saturation (SaO2) (94.7 ± 1.8 vs. 96.2 ± 1.6%) were significantly lower (p < 0.05), and [La] was significantly higher in ELI (21.1 ± 2.9 vs. 19.1 ± 1.2 mmol·L−1, p < 0.05). The 300-m performance (in % world record) was negatively correlated with pH (r = −0.55, p < 0.01), SaO2 (r = −0.64, p < 0.001), [HCO3−] (r = −0.40, p < 0.05), and positively correlated with [La] (r = 0.44, p < 0.05). In conclusion, for the same quantity of work, the best athletes are able to strongly alter their blood acid-base balance compared to underperforming runners, with larger acidosis and lactate accumulation. To obtain the pH limits with acute maximal exercise, coaches must have their athletes perform a distance run with duration of exercise superior to 35 seconds. The blood lactate accumulation values (mmol·L−1·s−1) recorded in this study indicate that the maximal glycolysis rate obtained in the literature from short sprint distances is maintained, but not increased, until 35 seconds of exercise.
Higher order sliding mode observers and nonlinear algebraic estimators for state tracking in power networks

In this paper we propose a novel nonlinear observer-based approach to estimate and track the unmeasured state variables in power networks. We consider a power network comprising synchronous generators, which are modeled by nonlinear differential algebraic equations, and loads, which are modeled by nonlinear algebraic equations. We use an iterative discrete-time scheme to estimate the voltage magnitude and the voltage phase angle of each bus. Furthermore, we propose original higher sliding mode observers giving rise to a distributed observation scheme capable of locally estimating the frequency of each generator in a finite time. The proposed method is validated in simulations considering the IEEE 9 bus benchmark.
Constitutive Activation of Endocytosis by Mutation ofmyoA, the Myosin I Gene of Aspergillus nidulans*

Class I myosins function in cell motility, intracellular vesicle trafficking and endocytosis. Recently, it was shown that class I myosins are phosphorylated by a member of the p21-activated kinase (PAK) family. PAK phosphorylates a conserved serine or threonine residue in the myosin heavy chain. Phosphorylation at this site is required for maximal activation of the actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity in vitro. This serine or threonine residue is conserved in all known class I myosins of microbial origin and in the human and mouse class VI myosins. We have investigated the in vivo significance of this phosphorylation by mutating serine 371 of the class I myosin heavy chain gene myoA of Aspergillus nidulans. Mutation to glutamic acid, which mimics phosphorylation and therefore activation of the myosin, results in an accumulation of membranes in growing hyphae. This accumulation of membranes results from an activation of endocytosis. In contrast, mutation of serine 371 to alanine had no discernible effect on endocytosis. These studies are the first to demonstrate the in vivo significance of a regulatory phosphorylation on a class I myosin. Furthermore, our results suggest that MYOA has two functions, one dependent and one independent of phosphorylation.
Aspectos personales que favorecen la autorregulación del aprendizaje en la comprensión de textos académicos en estudiantes universitarios

La exigencia academica y de investigacion cientifica que demanda la universidad, requiere que los estudiantes gestionen, analicen e integren la informacion de diversas fuentes, en la construccion de conocimientos de manera significativa. Asi, las practicas lectoras universitarias cumplen una funcion vertebradora para el desarrollo de aprendizajes y de conocimiento disciplinar. Estudios actuales en este campo han encontrado que los niveles de comprension lectora se vinculan con el tipo de estrategias implicadas en el manejo de la informacion escrita. De ahi que, las estrategias de autorregulacion del aprendizaje a partir de textos academicos son fundamentales al permitir una aproximacion a la lectura de manera mas reflexiva y comprometida, lo que contribuye a un mayor aprendizaje. El proposito del presente trabajo es analizar algunos aspectos personales que favorecen la autorregulacion del aprendizaje en la comprension de textos academicos en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos, como son los conocimientos previos y las metas academicas. Participaron 364 estudiantes universitarios (69.5% varones y 30.5% mujeres) de primer semestre de Ingenieria, con una edad media de 19.77 (DT=1.20). A traves de analisis de regresion se pudo constatar que el conocimiento previo y las metas relacionadas con la tarea favorecen el uso de estrategias de autorregulacion del aprendizaje en la comprension de textos academicos. Estos hallasgos pueden ser una guia para la practica docente, a fin de promover la orientacion a metas de aprendizaje y el andamiaje necesario para el uso de estrategias de autorregulacion a partir de textos, que contribuya a un aprendizaje significativo en alumnos de educacion superior.
Application of Arbitrary-Order Hilbert Spectral Analysis to Passive Scalar Turbulence

In previous work [Huang et al., PRE 82, 26319, 2010], we found that the passive scalar turbulence field maybe less intermittent than what we believed before. Here we apply the same method, namely arbitrary-order Hilbert spectral analysis, to a passive scalar (temperature) time series with a Taylor's microscale Reynolds number Reλ ≃ 3000. We find that with increasing Reynolds number, the discrepancy of scaling exponents between Hilbert ξθ(q) and Kolmogorov-Obukhov-Corrsin (KOC) theory is increasing, and consequently the discrepancy between Hilbert and structure function could disappear at infinite Reynolds number.
Lone pair-aromatic interactions: to stabilize or not to stabilize.

The ability of aromatic rings to act as acceptors in hydrogen bonds has been demonstrated extensively both by experimental and by theoretical means. Countless examples of D-H.pi (H.pi, D = O, N, C) interactions have been found in the three-dimensional structures of proteins. Much less is known with regard to the occurrence of other possible noncovalent interactions with aromatics in macromolecular structures, those with a geometry that points oxygen lone pairs into the face of a pi system. There has been a growing interest in such lp.pi interactions in recent years, but the binding energies have mostly been studied using small-molecule model systems. We have conducted a survey of lp.pi interactions in crystal structures of DNA, RNA, and proteins and used ab initio calculations to estimate their energies. Our results demonstrate that such interactions are more common in nucleic acids and that significant binding energies only result when the aromatic system is positively polarized, for example, due to protonation of a nucleobase.
Omics for aquatic ecotoxicology: Control of extraneous variability to enhance the analysis of environmental effects

There are multiple sources of biological and technical variation in a typical ecotoxicology study that may not be revealed by traditional endpoints but that become apparent in an omics dataset. As researchers increasingly apply omics technologies to environmental studies, it will be necessary to understand and control the main source(s) of variability to facilitate meaningful interpretation of such data. For instance, can variability in omics studies be addressed by changing the approach to study design and data analysis? Are there statistical methods that can be employed to correctly interpret omics data and make use of unattributed, inherent variability? The present study presents a review of experimental design and statistical considerations applicable to the use of omics methods in systems toxicology studies. In addition to highlighting potential sources that contribute to experimental variability, this review suggests strategies with which to reduce and/or control such variability so as to improve reliability, reproducibility, and ultimately the application of omics data for systems toxicology. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1693–1704. © 2015 SETAC
Articulatory and acoustic correlates of prenuclear and nuclear accents

In this paper we investigate acoustic and articulatory anchors for F0 targets corresponding to prenuclear and nuclear accent peaks in German, both across two different articulation rates (normal and fast) and across two different syllable structures (CV: and CVC). For the articulatory measurements we used Electromagnetic Midsagittal Articulography (EMMA). Whereas in Dutch the H peak of a rising prenuclear accent has been shown to occur at the edge of the accented syllable [1], in German the peak occurs during the syllable following the accented one, in the vowel. Like in English and Dutch, nuclear peaks in German are aligned earlier than prenuclear ones: H peaks were found to occur at some point during the consonant following the vowel of the accented syllable, although no consistent acoustic anchor could be identified. We found that F0 turning points aligned more systematically with minima and maxima in the kinematic signals than with acoustically defined events. Furthermore, we interpret the difference in alignment between prenuclear and nuclear accents as a shift from a gesture corresponding to a vowel to a gesture corresponding to a consonant. Within each accent type the kinematic alignment was stable across the different conditions.
The food industry fights for salt

Like any group with vested interests, the food industry resists regulation. Faced with a growing scientific consensus that salt increases blood pressure1 2 and the fact that most dietary salt (65-85%) comes from processed foods,3 some of the world's major food manufacturers have adopted desperate measures to try to stop governments from recommending salt reduction. Rather than reformulate their products, manufacturers have lobbied governments, refused to cooperate with expert working parties, encouraged misinformation campaigns, and tried to discredit the evidence. This week's BMJ finds them defending their interests as vigorously as ever. In 1988 the BMJ published data from the Intersalt study suggesting that populations with high average intakes of salt were likely to have higher average systolic blood pressures and that salt intake predicted rise in blood pressure with age.4 The salt producers' international trade organisation, the Salt Institute, criticised the study, particularly the methods used to relate blood pressure to age, and asked the investigators to hand over their raw data for reanalysis. The investigators instead performed the reanalyses themselves: these appear on p 1249,5 confirming the previous findings. The Salt Institute sent the BMJ a letter in response to the reanalysis, and this appears on p 1283,6 along with a commentary from an independent expert (p1284)7 and an answer from the Intersalt investigators (p1285). 8 The Salt Institute's letter is the latest volley in a 20 year …
Transport and Mixing Characteristics of Pollutants by Continuous Point Source Discharge in the Multi-anabranch River with Three Braid Bars

The physical processes of the pollutant transport in multi-anabranch rivers are not clear at the present time compared with straight rivers and meandering rivers. A physical model of a multi-anabranch river with three braid bars was set up to explore the pollutant mixing characteristics in this paper. The multi-anabranch reach is separated into seven branches B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6 and B7 by three braid bars. Tracer release location was arranged at the centerline of the straight flume before branching reach. The cross-sectional concentration distributions at seven branches in the multi-anabranch river with three braid bars were measured and analyzed. The transport and mixing characteristics of pollutants in the multi-anabranch river with three braid bars were obtained. High concentration regions of branch B1 and B2 individually locate at left and right sides of braid bar M1. High concentration region of branch B3 locates at the bottom of the branch.
Is migration to Sweden associated with increased prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

Bakground The proportion of elderly immigrants in Sweden is increasing. This is an important issue considering that the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global health problem and that CVD is one of the main causes of morbidity among the elderly. The aim of this study is to analyze whether there is an association between migration status, that is being an elderly Iranian immigrant in Sweden, as compared with being an elderly Iranian in Iran, and the prevalence of risk factors for CVD. Design Population-based cross-sectional study with face-to-face interviews. Participants and setting A total of 176 Iranians in Stockholm and 300 Iranians in Tehran, aged 60-84 years. Methods The prevalence of general obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes was determined. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for outcomes. Results The age-adjusted risk of hypertension and smoking was higher in Iranian women and men in Sweden. OR for hypertension was 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1-3.2) for women and 3.1 (95% CI: 1.5-6.3) for men and OR for smoking was 6.9 (95% CI: 2.2-21.6) for women and 4.7 (95% CI: 2.0-11.0) for men. The higher risk for hypertension and smoking remained significant after accounting for age, socioeconomic status, and marital status. Abdominal obesity was found in nearly 80% of the women in both groups. Conclusion The findings show a strong association between migration status and the prevalence of hypertension and smoking. Major recommendation for public health is increased awareness of CVD risk factors among elderly immigrants.
Charles Darwin and Sir John F. W. Herschel: Nineteenth-Century Science and its Methodology

There is a bewildering variety of claims connecting Darwin to nineteenth-century philosophy of science – including to Herschel, Whewell, Lyell, German Romanticism, Comte, and others. I argue here that Herschel's influence on Darwin is undeniable. The form of this influence, however, is often misunderstood. Darwin was not merely taking the concept of "analogy" from Herschel, nor was he combining such an analogy with a consilience as argued for by Whewell. On the contrary, Darwin's Origin is written in precisely the manner that one would expect were Darwin attempting to model his work on the precepts found in Herschel's Preliminary Discourse on Natural Science. While Hodge has worked out a careful interpretation of both Darwin and Herschel, drawing similar conclusions, his interpretation misreads Herschel's use of the vera causa principle, as well as the role of hypotheses in scientific theory construction. The new reading that I present here resolves this trouble, combining Hodge's careful treatment of the structure of the Origin with a more cautious understanding of Herschel's philosophy of science. This interpretation lets us understand why Darwin laid out the Origin in the way that he did, and also why Herschel so strongly disagreed.
Forced to leave? The discursive and analytical significance of describing migration as forced and voluntary

ABSTRACT This article examines voluntariness in migration decisions by promoting the acknowledgement of forced and voluntary migration as a continuum of experience, not a dichotomy. Studies on conflict-related migration and migration, in general, remain poorly connected, despite calls for interaction. This reflects the forced–voluntary dichotomy's stickiness within and beyond academia, which is closely connected to the political implications of unsettling it and potentially undermining migrants’ protection rights. We delve into notions of the ‘voluntariness’ of migration and argue for the analytical need to relate evaluations of voluntariness to available alternatives. Drawing on qualitative research with people from Afghanistan and Pakistan coming to Europe, we hone in on three particular renderings of migration: migrants’ own experiences, scholarly qualitative observations and labelling by immigration authorities. Analysing migration as stages in a process: leaving – journey (and transit) – arrival and settlement – return or onward migration, we highlight the specific effects of migration being described as being forced or voluntary. Labelling as ‘forced’ (or not) matters to migrants and states when asylum status is on the line. For migration scholars, it remains challenging to decouple these descriptions from state systems of migration management; though doing so enhances our understanding of the role voluntariness plays in migration decisions.