Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anthropometric patterns in middle-aged and older rural Yucatec Maya women

Background: Cross-cultural variation in body composition changes with age has not been fully investigated. Although studies involving anthropometric measurements of older people have been reported for some non-Westernized populations, little such research has been conducted in Latin America. Aim: This study examines patterns associated with age in anthropometric indicators among a rural Maya population in Yucatán, México. Middle and older ages are included to promote a comprehensive age portrayal. Subjects and methods: Stature, weight, and six trunk and limb circumferences were collected from 60 women aged 40.8–85.6 years. Several ratios and indices were also derived. Results: Age was strongly and negatively related to all body size and adiposity measures (β from −0.422 to −0.603, p<0.001). Associations between age and ratios/indices of adipose tissue distribution were positive and not as pronounced (β from 0.280, p<0.05 to 0.429, p<0.001). Age had the largest negative influence on arm circumference, mid-thigh circumference, and weight (R2 = 0.36, p<0.001) and the greatest positive impact on umbilicus/arm ratio (R2 = 0.18, p<0.001). Conclusions: Three major anthropometric patterns are demonstrated: in successively older women, muscle mass is significantly lower, central adipose tissue predominance is significantly greater, and overall adiposity is significantly lower. In the first two patterns, Maya women conform to findings from Western settings; in the latter pattern, these women diverge from Western results, but corroborate findings from some non-Westernized groups.
Canine salivary mucocoeles. Results of sialographic examination and surgical treatment of fifty cases.

Fifty consecutive cases of salivary mucocoeles in dogs were investigated. Twenty-four dogs were presented with both cervical and sublingual mucocoeles; in twenty-three cases a cervical swelling only was noted and in three cases a sublingual mucocoele (ranula) existed on its own. Sialography demonstrated sublingual gland, or duct, defects in forty cases. In seven of the remaining ten cases, normal mandibular sialograms were obtained on the affected side. Bilateral sublingual gland involvement was confirmed by sialography in eight cases and suggested by circumstantial evidence in a further two cases. Surgical excision of the mandibular and sublingual glands on the affected side, combined with drainage of the mucocoele contents, has proved to be a reliable approach to treatment.
Tubular carcinoma of the breast: institutional and SEER database analysis supporting a unique classification.

BACKGROUND Tubular carcinoma (TC) of the breast is an uncommon, well-differentiated subtype of breast cancer with an excellent prognosis, but ambiguity in how it should be defined and treated. OBJECTIVE To determine the clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes of patients with TC. METHODS The University of Virginia (UVA) Breast Cancer Database and the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) databases were queried for patients with either grade 1 TC or grade 1 ductal (G1D) breast cancer. RESULTS Nineteen institutional TC cases were identified and compared to 54 G1D cases. Flat epithelial atypia frequently was found with TC and not with G1D. There was no difference in overall or progression free survival. In SEER 18, 9,565 cases of TC were found. Most cases were stage I and patient characteristics were nearly identical. Both cause specific survival and overall survival were significantly longer for TC when compared to G1D. CONCLUSIONS This review shows TC to have favorable behavior, with similar features to, but superior survival compared to low-grade ductal carcinoma of the breast. This suggests the adequacy of histopathologic review while reinforcing the designation of TC as a unique subtype.
Understanding Stable Matchings : A Non-Cooperative Approach

We present a series of non-cooperative games with monotone best replies whose set of Nash equilibria coincides with the set of stable matchings. Key features of stable matchings are established as familiar properties of games with monotone best replies. Then we present a sense in which our method is necessary for the monotonicity approach. We also establish the connection of our approach with other monotone methods in the literature. JEL Classification Numbers: C70, D61, D63.
Comparison of the AMS gram-negative susceptibility flex panel GNS-V and agar disk diffusion for testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Sixty Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were tested by the agar disk diffusion, AMS Vitek GNS-V flex panel (Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.), and agar dilution methods. Although the results of aminoglycoside tests were satisfactory, those of piperacillin and cefoperazone by Vitek GNS-V (T2.05 program) were not acceptable.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus in women with invasive cervical carcinoma by HIV status in Kenya and South Africa

Data on the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in cervical carcinoma in women with HIV are scarce but are essential to elucidate the influence of immunity on the carcinogenicity of different HPV types, and the potential impact of prophylactic HPV vaccines in populations with high HIV prevalence. We conducted a multicentre case–case study in Kenya and South Africa. During 2007–2009, frozen tissue biopsies from women with cervical carcinoma were tested for HPV DNA using GP5+/6+‐PCR assay. One hundred and six HIV‐positive (mean age 40.8 years) and 129 HIV‐negative women (mean age 45.7) with squamous cell carcinoma were included. Among HIV‐positive women, the mean CD4 count was 334 cells/μL and 48.1% were on combined antiretroviral therapy. HIV‐positive women had many more multiple HPV infections (21.6% of HPV‐positive carcinomas) compared with HIV‐negative women (3.3%) (p < 0.001) and the proportion of multiple infections was inversely related to CD4 level. An excess of HPV18 of borderline statistical significance was found in HIV‐positive compared with HIV‐negative cases (Prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0–3.7, adjusted for study centre, age and multiplicity of infection). HPV16 and/or 18 prevalence combined, however, was similar in HIV‐positive (66.7%) and HIV‐negative cases (69.1%) (PR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.9–1.2). No significant difference was found for other HPV types. Our data suggest that current prophylactic HPV vaccines against HPV16 and 18 may prevent similar proportions of cervical SCC in HIV‐positive as in HIV‐negative women provided that vaccine‐related protection is sustained after HIV infection.
[Listeria in food].

Since some outbreaks of listeriosis have been traced to various foods, the contamination rate of the foodstuffs is of great interest. Out of 1708 samples of milk and milk products, 105 samples (6.1%) proved to contain Listeria spp. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 54 specimens (3.0%). The isolation rate among 496 samples of meat and raw meat products was 38.9%. L. monocytogenes was found in 14.1% of these samples. Salads and vegetables proved to be contaminated by Listeria spp. in 6.4%; 2.1% of the strains were identified as L. monocytogenes. 57.4% of food samples contained less than 10 Listeria spp. per gram, while in the other samples the Listeria count ranged between 10 and 10(3)/g. In only one sample of cheese was more than 10(3) Listeria/g found. In contrast to cheese, where the contamination normally occurs during the ripening process and must be considered a hygiene problem, meat is already contaminated during slaughtering and processing. Beside these findings, there are further differences in the listerial microbiology of cheese and raw meat products. Additional studies are needed to determine the bearing of these factors on the epidemiology of human listeriosis.
On Making the Right Choice: The Deliberation-Without-Attention Effect

Contrary to conventional wisdom, it is not always advantageous to engage in thorough conscious deliberation before choosing. On the basis of recent insights into the characteristics of conscious and unconscious thought, we tested the hypothesis that simple choices (such as between different towels or different sets of oven mitts) indeed produce better results after conscious thought, but that choices in complex matters (such as between different houses or different cars) should be left to unconscious thought. Named the “deliberation-without-attention” hypothesis, it was confirmed in four studies on consumer choice, both in the laboratory as well as among actual shoppers, that purchases of complex products were viewed more favorably when decisions had been made in the absence of attentive deliberation.
Xerox's Approach to Sustainability

Xerox's environmental strategic goal is to become a waste-free company. This ideal permeates the life cycle of Xerox products: waste-free products from waste-free factories for waste-free offices. Xerox has witnessed numerous benefits from implementing this strategy; by using design-for-the-environment principles, it has redesigned products and packaging to support product recovery and to reduce resource and energy consumption. Implementation of an end-of-life equipment takeback and reprocessing program led to savings of over $80 million in Europe in 1997, in addition to turning a potential disposal cost into a revenue stream. Through its environmental leadership program, Xerox has evolved a win-win-win scenario: improvements in environmental performance (win), customer satisfaction (win), and improved company performance (win).
An Object-Based Image Analysis Approach for Detecting Penguin Guano in very High Spatial Resolution Satellite Images

The logistical challenges of Antarctic field work and the increasing availability of very high resolution commercial imagery have driven an interest in more efficient search and classification of remotely sensed imagery. This exploratory study employed geographic object-based analysis (GEOBIA) methods to classify guano stains, indicative of chinstrap and Adelie penguin breeding areas, from very high spatial resolution (VHSR) satellite imagery and closely examined the transferability of knowledge-based GEOBIA rules across different study sites focusing on the same semantic class. We systematically gauged the segmentation quality, classification accuracy, and the reproducibility of fuzzy rules. A master ruleset was developed based on one study site and it was re-tasked “without adaptation” and “with adaptation” on candidate image scenes comprising guano stains. Our results suggest that object-based methods incorporating the spectral, textural, spatial, and contextual characteristics of guano are capable of successfully detecting guano stains. Reapplication of the master ruleset on candidate scenes without modifications produced inferior classification results, while adapted rules produced comparable or superior results compared to the reference image. This work provides a road map to an operational “image-to-assessment pipeline” that will enable Antarctic wildlife researchers to seamlessly integrate VHSR imagery into on-demand penguin population census.
Determinants of Rural Travel Distance for Obstetrics Care

This study examines the distances traveled for inpatient obstetrics care by women residing in rural Alabama in 1983 and 1988. During that time 23 rural hospitals in the state stopped providing obstetrics services and mean travel distances increased by 6.8 miles. However, in 1988 50% of rural pregnant women bypassed the nearest rural hospital still providing obstetrics services. Multivariate techniques are used to examine the effects of distance and service offerings of rural hospitals and their substitutes on the actual distance traveled for care. Patient characteristics are also considered. The most important finding is that a 5% increase in per capita income in the woman's home county is associated with a 20% increase in actual travel distance, other things equal. Implications for rural health policy are discussed.
Lipids of Three Microsporidian Species and Multivariate Analysis of the Host–Parasite Relationship

Sporal lipids of 3 microsporidia, Encephalitozoon cuniculi from mammals and Glugea atherinae and Spraguea lophii from fishes, were investigated. High phospholipid levels were found (54.8–64.5% of total lipids), which is in agreement with the presence of highly developed internal membranes in microsporidian spores. Sphingomyelin was not detected in G. atherinae. Triglycerides (less than 10% of total lipids), cholesterol, and free fatty acids were identified in all species. Analysis of fatty acids from the phospholipid fraction revealed the predominance of docosahexaenoic acid (30–40% of total phospholipid fatty acids) in G. atherinae and S. lophii and oleic acid (25.8% of total phospholipid fatty acids) in E. cuniculi. The 3 microsporidia possessed a significant amount of branched-chain fatty acids (iso and anteiso forms) not found in the hosts, supporting the existence of some parasite-specific metabolic steps for these fatty acids. On the basis of phospholipid fatty acid profiles, host–parasite relationships were investigated through correspondence factorial analysis. It shows 3 distinct clusters with the first corresponding to fishes, the second to fish parasites, and the third to E. cuniculi and its host cell. These data suggest that the mammal microsporidia developing within parasitophorous vacuoles are more dependent on host cells than the fish microsporidia that induce cystlike structures.
Title: The Influence of Tobacco Components on Candida albicans Biofilm Formation on Denture Materials

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of nicotine and cotinine, two major components of tobacco, on fungal biofilm formation on two acrylic resins. Additionally, the nystatin susceptibility of the planktonic and biofilm fungal cells was compared. Materials and Method: Ivocap and Lucitone 199 polished and roughened acrylic resin discs were fabricated and randomly assigned to control, nicotine-, and cotinine-treated groups. Biofilm was prepared by incubating Candida albicans fungi (1x10 7 cells) on the resin discs in the presence or absence of tobacco components for one week at 37 C. The discs were washed to remove unbound cells. The relative number of viable fungal cells was estimated using the MTT assay and the biofilm growth was quantified by dry weight analysis. Nystatin susceptibility minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by microdilution method. Statistical significance was evaluated using ANOVA followed by Fisher’s test (p<0.05). Results: The MTT assay showed that the roughened discs had significantly greater numbers of C.albicans than the polished discs, Lucitone 199 acrylic discs promoted significantly more fungal biofilm growth than Ivocap discs, and the presence of tobacco components significantly enhanced biofilm formation on both types of acrylic resin. Dry weight analysis showed similar results. The nystatin susceptibility assay showed that tobacco treated-cells were more resistant to the antifungal treatment. Conclusion: This study showed significant differences in fungal growth between polished and roughened surfaces and fungal growth on the different types of acrylic discs, with a higher degree of biofilm formed on Lucitone 199 surfaces; enhanced biofilm growth in the presence of tobacco components; and the biofilm fungal cells were more resistant to nystatin than the planktonic cells.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease: comparison of SPIO-enhanced MR imaging and 16-detector row CT.

PURPOSE To compare the sensitivity, positive predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with those of 16-detector row computed tomography (CT) for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis B-induced cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for this study, and informed consent was obtained from all patients. A total of 44 patients (36 men, eight women; age range, 35-67 years) with 59 HCCs and mild liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh score A or B) underwent multiphasic CT and SPIO-enhanced MR imaging. The diagnosis of HCC was established at surgical resection (n = 31) and percutaneous biopsy (n = 28). SPIO-enhanced MR imaging was composed of T2-weighted turbo spin-echo and T2*-weighted gradient-echo sequences. Multiphasic CT consisted of four phases (ie, early arterial, late arterial, portal venous, and equilibrium). Three observers independently analyzed each image in random order. Sensitivity, positive predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated by using the alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis for multi-detector row CT and SPIO-enhanced MR imaging. RESULTS Although not significant (P > .05), the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for SPIO-enhanced MR imaging (mean, 0.90) was higher than that for multi-detector row CT (mean, 0.82) for all observers. Also, although no significant difference was demonstrated by any of the three observers (P > .05), there was a trend toward increased sensitivity on both a per-lesion and a per-patient basis for SPIO-enhanced MR imaging (mean, 84.7% and 94.7%, respectively) compared with multi-detector row CT (mean, 76.9% and 88.6%, respectively). No significant difference in positive predictive value was observed between modalities. CONCLUSION SPIO-enhanced MR imaging and multiphasic CT show similar diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and positive predictive value for the detection of HCC in patients with relatively mild hepatitis B-induced cirrhosis.
Sound transmission in the porpoise head.

By using small hydrophones implanted in porpoise tissue and an external sound source, pulsed sound was found to be channeled by the blubber coat and strongly reflected by blubber‐muscle interfaces. Implants in the head showed concentration of sound in the proposed sound channel of the throat and jaws, complete acoustic isolation in the peribullary air space, and sound focusing in the melon. Sound‐velocity measurements in the melon showed a low‐velocity core extending from just below the anterior surface toward the right nasal plug and a graded outer shell of high‐velocity tissue. Such structure should beam sound generated or transmitted from the area of the superior narial passages forward and impedance match it closely to the surrounding water.
Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging sequences in dogs with multi-focal intracranial disease.

OBJECTIVES To compare the value of different magnetic resonance sequences in the detection of brain lesions in dogs with multi-focal intracranial neurolocalised lesions and abnormal cisternal cerebrospinal fluid analysis. METHODS T2-weighted, T1-weighted, T1-weighted-Gd, FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery) images of 73 dogs with multi-focal intracranial localised lesions were reviewed retrospectively. Control dogs (19) were selected on the basis of normal neurological examination, magnetic resonance images and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Two board-certified radiologists blindly reviewed the magnetic resonance images. Magnetic resonance sequence sensitivities were compared using the chi-squared test and logistic regression, accounting for clustering at the patient level. Statistical significance was set at the 5 per cent level. RESULTS The FLAIR sequence was found to have the highest sensitivity (84 per cent, 61 of 73), followed by T2-weighted (63 per cent, 46 of 73), T1-weighted postcontrast (62 per cent, 45 of 73) and T1-weighted (23 per cent, 17 of 73) (P<0.001). FLAIR images were 106.1 times (95 per cent confidence interval 25.2 to 447.5) more likely to correctly identify cerebrospinal fluid-positive patients than T1-weighted, 6.4 times (95 per cent confidence interval 2.2 to 18.2) than T1-weighted postcontrast and 5.8 times (95 per cent confidence interval 2.0 to 16.4) than T2-weighted. FLAIR identified 14 per cent of cases that were classified as normal based on the three others sequences. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Routine use of FLAIR sequence should be encouraged in dogs undergoing a brain magnetic resonance imaging and probably more specifically in cases of suspected inflammatory brain disease.
Pharmacologic therapies for adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

BACKGROUND Multiple pharmacologic treatments have been studied for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). OBJECTIVES Our objective was to determine the effects of pharmacologic treatments on clinical outcomes in adults with ALI or ARDS. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched OVID versions of CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2003), MEDLINE (1966 to week 2, January 2004), EMBASE (1980 to week 4, 2004), CINAHL (1982 to week 2, January 2004), and HEALTHSTAR (1995 to December 2003); proceedings from four conferences (1994 to 2003); and bibliographies of review articles and included studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials of pharmacologic treatments compared to no therapy or placebo for established ALI or ARDS in adults admitted to an intensive care unit, with measurement of early mortality (primary outcome), late mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, ventilator-free days to day 28, or adverse events. We excluded trials of nitric oxide, partial liquid ventilation, fluid and nutritional interventions, oxygen, and trials in other populations reporting outcomes in subgroups of patients with ALI or ARDS. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, rated studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed methodologic quality of included studies. Disagreements were resolved by consensus in consultation with a third reviewer. For each pharmacologic therapy, we quantitatively pooled the results of studies using random effects models where permitted by the available data. We contacted study authors when clarification of the primary outcome was required. MAIN RESULTS Thirty three trials randomizing 3272 patients met our inclusion criteria. Pooling of results showed no effect on early mortality of prostaglandin E1 (seven trials randomizing 697 patients; relative risk [RR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77 to 1.17), N-acetylcysteine (five trials randomizing 239 patients; RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.21), early high-dose corticosteroids (two trials randomizing 187 patients; RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.74), or surfactant (nine trials randomizing 1441 patients; RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.12). Two interventions were beneficial in single small trials; corticosteroids given for late phase ARDS reduced hospital mortality (24 patients; RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.81), and pentoxifylline reduced one-month mortality (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.95) in 30 patients with metastatic cancer and ARDS. Individual trials of nine additional interventions failed to show a beneficial effect on prespecified outcomes. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS Effective pharmacotherapy for ALI and ARDS is extremely limited, with insufficient evidence to support any specific intervention.