Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Prevalence of eating disorders in a representative sample of female adolescents from Navarra (Spain)].

BACKGROUND In spite of the social concern about eating disorders (ED), information of its prevalence in Spain is limited. Further studies in communities are needed to estimate the frequency of this problem in representative samples of the population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS To estimate the prevalence of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and partial syndromes of the "non specified eating disorders" (NOSED) type, a representative sample of the female population of Navarre was selected using a random multistage sampling scheme. A sample of 2862 participants aged 12 to 21 was studied. The screening procedure was performed using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) (values over 30 as the cutoff point) and each diagnosis was confirmed using a semi-structured interview performed by a psychiatry according to DSM-IV criteria. RESULTS The overall prevalence of ED in this female population was 4.1% (95% CI: 3.45-4.95). The disorder specific prevalences being NOSED 3.1% (95% CI: 2.5-3.8), BN 0.8 (95% CI: 0.5-1.2) and AN 0.3 (95% CI: 0.1-0.6). CONCLUSIONS Our results show a slight lower prevalence than what other Spanish authors have reported, although we found higher prevalences of incomplete syndromes and suggest that a high social burden does exist and primary prevention strategies are needed.
Relationship of Iliac Crest Maturation to Skeletal and Chronologic Age

Summary: Risser's sign, a measure of the excursion of the iliac crest apophysis, has been used to estimate remaining skeletal growth. We used the Brush-Bolton Collection to correlate iliac crest excursion with other roentgenographic standards of skeletal age. Iliac crest excursion was measured using Risser's technique. We were able to determine mean chronologic and skeletal ages for each Risser stage for boys and girls. The state of maturation of the iliac crest apophysis, together with clinical observations of secondary sexual maturation, permit an accurate assessment of skeletal maturation without the need for wrist and hand roentgenograms.
Silicate antibodies in women with silicone breast implants: development of an assay for detection of humoral immunity

Silicon, in the form of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), adsorbed onto bovine serum albumin (BSA)-precoated plates served as the solid-phase antigen in an enzyme immunoassay to detect silicate-reactive antibodies in the plasma of 40 symptomatic women with silicone breast implants, 91 asymptomatic women with silicone breast implants, 50 healthy control women, and 52 women with rheumatic diseases and without silicone breast implants, Silicate-reactive antibodies of immunoglobulin G (IgG) or IgM isotypes were detected in the plasma of 30% (12 of 40) of the symptomatic women with silicone breast implants; 9% (8 of 91) of the asymptomatic women with silicone breast implants; 5% (1 of 20) of the women without implants who had systemic lupus erythematosus; and 0% (0 of 32) of the women without implants who had either Sjögren syndrome, scleroderma, or rheumatoid arthritis. Only 2% (1 of 50) of the sera from the healthy control women contained silicate-reactive antibodies. Preincubation of sera with silicate and eight other metal compounds (including SiO2) demonstrated that the IgG and IgM antibodies bound specifically to silicate, because preincubation with Na2SiO3 inhibited more than 90% of the activity, whereas CrO3, Li2SO4, MgSO4, NiSO4, HgCl2, ZrOCl2, BeSO4, and SiO2 failed to inhibit the IgG or IgM antibody binding to the silicate-BSA plates. Furthermore, the F(ab')2 portion and not the Fc portion of the silicate-reactive IgG was reactive with BSA-bound silicate in the enzyme immunoassay. The assay for silicate-reactive antibodies was quantified by assigning arbitrary units to a standard curve composed of serial twofold dilutions of high-positive (ten times higher than the cutoff) silicate antibody sera. This novel assay is a useful method for detecting and quantifying humoral immune response to silicate.
Comparing the clinical efficacy of abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, and orteronel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer by performing a network meta-analysis of eight randomized controlled trials

Various novel androgen receptor (AR) targeting drugs have been developed recently and have shown beneficial effects on survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, no consensus has been reached regarding which of these agents provides the most favorable oncological outcomes. Here, we aimed to compare the efficacy of novel AR-targeted agents by performing a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We included eight RCTs for men with mCRPC treated with one of the AR targeting agents: abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, or orteronel. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), while the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) responsiveness, time to PSA progression, time to first skeletal-related events (SRE), and adverse events (AEs). Pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were conducted to obtain direct and indirect evidence, respectively. Notably, enzalutamide and abiraterone were significantly associated with improved OS compared with control arms. Enzalutamide was ranked as the most efficacious agent for improving OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.71), and abiraterone appeared to be the second-most efficacious drug for this purpose (HR = 0.78). Enzalutamide improved PFS in comparison with control groups (HR = 0.36), but abiraterone and orteronel were not significantly associated with PFS improvements. Enzalutamide (HR = 0.20) and abiraterone (HR = 0.56) were significantly associated with prolonged times to PSA progression as compared with control groups. However, only orteronel was associated with an increased risk of AEs as compared with control groups. In summary, our study can help to guide treatment selection, especially because AR-targeted agents have not been compared directly in head-to-head trials.
The sources of parenchymal regeneration after chronic hepatocellular liver injury in mice

After liver injury, parenchymal regeneration occurs through hepatocyte replication. However, during regenerative stress, oval cells (OCs) and small hepatocyte like progenitor cells (SHPCs) contribute to the process. We systematically studied the intra‐hepatic and extra‐hepatic sources of liver cell replacement in the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg‐tg) mouse model of chronic liver injury. Female HBsAg‐tg mice received a bone marrow (BM) transplant from male HBsAg‐negative mice, and half of these animals received retrorsine to block indigenous hepatocyte proliferation. Livers were examined 3 and 6 months post‐BM transplantation for evidence of BM‐derived hepatocytes, OCs, and SHPCs. In animals that did not receive retrorsine, parenchymal regeneration occurred through hepatocyte replication, and the BM very rarely contributed to hepatocyte regeneration. In mice receiving retrorsine, 4.8% of hepatocytes were Y chromosome positive at 3 months, but this was frequently attributable to cell fusion between indigenous hepatocytes and donor BM, and their frequency decreased to 1.6% by 6 months, as florid OC reactions and nodules of SHPCs developed. By analyzing serial sections and reconstructing a 3‐dimensional map, continuous streams of OCs could be seen that surrounded and entered deep into the nodules of SHPCs, connecting directly with SHPCs, suggesting a conversion of OCs into SHPCs. In conclusion, during regenerative stress, the contribution to parenchymal regeneration from the BM is minor and frequently attributable to cell fusion. OCs and SHPCs are of intrinsic hepatic origin, and OCs can form SHPC nodules. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;43:316–324.)
Heme-Ligand Tunneling in Group I Truncated Hemoglobins*[boxs]

Truncated hemoglobins (trHbs) are small hemoproteins forming a separate cluster within the hemoglobin superfamily; their functional roles in bacteria, plants, and unicellular eukaryotes are marginally understood. Crystallographic investigations have shown that the trHb fold (a two-on-two α-helical sandwich related to the globin fold) hosts a protein matrix tunnel system offering a potential path for ligand diffusion to the heme distal site. The tunnel topology is conserved in group I trHbs, although with modulation of its size/structure. Here, we present a crystallographic investigation on trHbs from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Chlamydomonas eugametos, and Paramecium caudatum, showing that treatment of trHb crystals under xenon pressure leads to binding of xenon atoms at specific (conserved) sites along the protein matrix tunnel. The crystallographic results are in keeping with data from molecular dynamics simulations, where a dioxygen molecule is left free to diffuse within the protein matrix. Modulation of xenon binding over four main sites is related to the structural properties of the tunnel system in the three trHbs and may be connected to their functional roles. In a parallel crystallographic investigation on M. tuberculosis trHbN, we show that butyl isocyanide also binds within the apolar tunnel, in excellent agreement with concepts derived from the xenon binding experiments. These results, together with recent data on atypical CO rebinding kinetics to group I trHbs, underline the potential role of the tunnel system in supporting diffusion, but also accumulation in multiple copies, of low polarity ligands/molecules within group I trHbs.
Immunocytochemical localization of dopamine and its synthetic enzymes in the central nervous system of the lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis

The distribution of dopamine (DA)‐containing cell bodies, fibers, and terminals in the brain and spinal cord of Lampetra fluviatilis was investigated by immunohistochemical means. In order to distinguish dopaminergic neurons from those using other catecholamines as the primary neurotransmitter, the distribution of dopamine‐immunoreactive structures was compared to that of cell bodies, fibers, and terminals labelled with antibodies directed against the enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), aromatic L‐amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), dopamine β‐hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine‐N‐methyl transferase (PNMT). We define dopaminergic neurons as those that are simultaneously DA, TH, and AADC immunoreactive and at the same time DBH and PNMT nonreactive. The overall concentrations of dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline and some of their metabolites were also measured via high‐performance liquid chromatography of whole‐brain extracts. Our results revealed the presence of 10 populations of dopaminergic neurons in the brain of the lamprey in the olfactory bulb, preoptic area, hypothalamus, rhombencephalon, and spinal cord. In addition, uniquely DA‐immunoreactive neurons, in contact with the cerebrospinal fluid, were observed in the hypothalamus and spinal cord. Chromatography indicated that dopamine exists in considerably higher concentrations than noradrenaline in the lamprey brain, whereas adrenaline is absent, the latter finding being supported by our failure to observe any PNMT‐immunoreactive cell bodies, fibers, or terminals. The dopaminergic system of the lamprey appears to share many features not only with that of other anamniotes but also with that of amniotes; however, as in teleosts, dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain corresponding to the substantia nigra, the retrorubral area, and the ventral tegmental area of other species do not exist in the lamprey. J. Comp. Neurol. 380:119–135, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High-dose Versus Low-dose Clarithromycin in 1-week Triple Therapy, Including Rabeprazole and Levofloxacin, for Helicobacter pylori Eradication

Goals To compare high-dose versus low-dose clarithromycin in 1-week triple therapy including rabeprazole and levofloxacin. Background Regimens containing rabeprazole and levofloxacin have proved to be effective against H. pylori infection. Study One-hundred H. pylori-positive patients were randomly assigned to one of the following 1-week regimens: rabeprazole 20 mg o.d. plus levofloxacin 500 mg o.d. and clarithromycin 250 mg b.d. (RLC-1 group); rabeprazole 20 mg o.d. plus levofloxacin 500 mg o.d. and clarithromycin 500 mg b.d. (RLC-2 group). H. pylori status was assessed at entry and after the treatment. Patients who experienced treatment failure underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing. Results Forty-two patients in RLC-1 group (both PP and ITT analysis: 84%; 95%CI: 71–93%) and 47 in RLC2 group (both PP and ITT analysis: 94%; 95% CI: 83–98%) became H. pylori negative. Clarithromycin resistance was detected in all of 8 (100%) RLC-1 failures and in 1 out of 3 (33%) RLC-2 failures. Side effects occurred in 8% of patients in RLC-1 group and in 12% in RLC-2. Conclusions Regimens tested are competitive with other PPI-based treatments. One-week triple therapy containing rabeprazole plus, levofloxacin, and high-dose clarithromycin yielded a higher eradicating rate than the one containing low-dose clarithromycin and may be considered as a first-line therapy option.
The Investigation into Determinants of Regional Exports Base: Panel Analysis for Spanish and Polish Regions

Objective: We use the small open economy concept to identify the determinants of region’s exports at a NUTS-2 level for Poland and Spain over the period 2005-2015. Research Design & Methods: We apply the Prais-Winsten method for Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) on a data panel allowing for heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation estimating a model of regional exports for a joint sample of Polish and Spanish NUTS-2 regions. Findings: We identify a number of factors which statistically significantly determine exports arising from Polish and Spanish regions. These factors are classified into the following main groups: factor conditions, FDI, infrastructure, market conditions, remoteness and geography, spatial agglomeration and technological knowledge base. Implications & Recommendations: By going beyond national trade statistics, we provide evidence which can be used at the regional level to increase participation of regions in the world economy. Political decisions which are taken at the regional level seem to matter. Contribution & Value Added: This paper combines scientific knowledge from several perspectives: international economics and international business, as well as regional science. We believe that an interdisciplinary approach is necessary to increase the knowledge which goes beyond nations, while not focusing on firms, as units of analysis.
Impact of VKORC1 gene polymorphisms on warfarin maintenance dosage: A novel systematic review and meta-analysis of 53 studies.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the correlation between VKORC1 gene polymorphisms and warfarin maintenance dosage, as well as the correlation of dosage of warfarin with age and ethnicity. METHODS We retrieved related studies published between January 2000 and March 2016 from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, VIP, CNKI, and Wan Fang data. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and crosscheck data. Then, RevMan5.3 software was used to perform a meta-analysis. RESULTS 53 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The most prevalent genotypes were -1639 AA, 1173 TT, and 3730 GG in both Asian and Caucasians, but the distribution frequencies of all three were higher in Asians than in Caucasians. The meta-analysis showed that compared with homozygous VKORC1-1639 AA carriers, carriers of type GA, GG, and G (GA + GG) required 45% (95% confidence interval (CI) 42 - 49), 77% (95% CI 70 - 84), and 51% (95% CI 47 - 55) higher warfarin doses, respectively. Carriers of type CC, TC, and C (CC + TC) required 83% (95% CI 73 - 92), 26% (95% CI 23 - 29), and 53% (95% CI 44 - 62) higher warfarin doses, respectively, compared to homozygous VKORC1 1173 TT carriers. Carriers of type AA, GA, and A (AA + GA) required 40% (95% CI 29 - 51), 25% (95% CI 17 - 33), and 33% (95% CI 21 - 45) higher warfarin doses, respectively, compared to carriers of the homozygous VKORC1 3730 GG polymorphism (all p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that Asian patients aged ≤ 60 years carrying 1173 CC, TC, and C genotypes required 28%, 39%, and 22% higher warfarin doses, respectively, compared with patients aged > 60 years. Caucasian patients aged > 60 years carrying -1639 GA, GG and G genotypes needed 24%, 39%, and 37% lower warfarin doses, respectively, compared with patients aged ≤ 60 years. These differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the relationship between VKORC1 gene polymorphisms and warfarin maintenance dose differs between individuals, and that individuals with different ages and ethnicities require different doses of warfarin. Caucasians carriers of genotype -1639 GG, G and 1173 CC, TC, C required a higher mean daily warfarin doses compared with Asian patients. Therefore, in order to achieve optimal treatment and lowest risk, VKORC1 gene polymorphism detection is suggested.
A Bayesian Network Model of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Incorporating Gene Expression Profiles

Radiation therapy allows precision targeting of certain groups of lymph nodes and is a treatment for metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In current practice, there is approximately 15% probability that physicians inadvertently treat healthy tissue or leave the cancerous lymph nodes untreated. The aim of this work is to improve the accuracy of medical decision-making by extending existing predictive models to capture the probabilities of finding cancerous lymph nodes at each of the six image-based surgical neck level using a patient's genetic profile, primary tumor site and tumor size. Our model was trained with publicly available data extracted from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and validated against the TCGA dataset both with and without genetic information. Results show that genetic profile data improves model accuracy. These findings suggest that our predictive model may improve the accuracy of clinical decision-making, especially for patients with more advanced metastasis. However, more data is needed to ensure significance of the proposed effects, as well as to improve accuracy of the overall model.
Neonatal dendritic cells are intrinsically biased against Th‐1 immune responses

Dendritic cells (DCs) were derived from human peripheral blood monocytes or cord blood monocytes cultured in the presence of IL‐4 and GM‐CSF. Adult and cord DCs were observed to have comparable immature phenotypes. However, the increase in surface expression of HLA‐DR and CD86 after addition of LPS was significantly attenuated in cord DCs, with CD25 and CD83 expression also markedly reduced. Cord DCs were also unable to produce IL‐12p70, failed to down‐regulate expression of the chemokine receptor CCR5 and induced lower levels of IFN‐γ production from allogeneic naive CD4+ T cells than their adult counterparts. In contrast, the kinetics of the production of TNF‐α and IL‐10 in response to LPS stimulation was comparable to adult DCs. The reduced ability of cord DCs to attain a fully mature adult phenotype, and to activate naive CD4+ T cells to produce IFN‐γ, suggests that they are intrinsically preprogrammed against the generation of Th‐1 immune responses.
Further evidence of association between behavioral inhibition and social anxiety in children.

OBJECTIVE The authors sought to examine psychopathological correlates of behavioral inhibition in young offspring of parents with panic disorder and/or major depression. METHOD Behavioral inhibition, determined by using standard laboratory observations, was assessed in four groups of children (age 2-6 years): 129 children of parents with both panic disorder and major depression, 22 children of parents with panic disorder alone, 49 children of parents with major depression alone, and 84 comparison children of parents with neither panic disorder nor major depression. Psychopathology in children > or =5 years was compared between children with behavioral inhibition (N=64) and without (N=152). RESULTS Social anxiety disorder (social phobia or avoidant disorder) was significantly more likely to be found in the children with behavioral inhibition (17%) than in those without (5%). Noninhibited children were significantly more likely than inhibited children to have disruptive behavior disorders (20% versus 6%, respectively) and had higher scores on the attention problems scale of the Child Behavior Checklist (mean=52.1 versus 50.8). CONCLUSIONS This study adds to the growing literature suggesting an association between behavioral inhibition and social anxiety disorder and an inverse relationship between inhibition and disruptive behavior disorders.
POPULATION DIVERGENCE IN SEXUAL ORNAMENTS: THE WHITE FOREHEAD PATCH OF NORWEGIAN PIED FLYCATCHERS IS SMALL AND UNSEXY

Models of sexual selection suggest that populations may easily diverge in male secondary sexual characters. Studies of a Spanish population of the pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca, and a Swedish population of the closely related collared flycatcher, F. albicollis, have indicated that the white forehead patch of males is a sexually selected trait. We studied the white forehead patch of male pied flycatchers (n = 487) in a Norwegian population over seven years. Males with large forehead patches were in general more brightly colored, but patch height was not correlated to body mass, body size, or parasite loads. Conditions during the nestling period did not seem to influence patch height as an adult. Patch height increased slightly from the first to the second year as adults, but then remained relatively constant at higher ages. Patch height was not related to survival. Year‐to‐year changes showed that males who increased in patch height also increased in body mass, suggesting that expression of the forehead patch may be partly condition dependent. However, changes in body mass explained only a small proportion of the variance in patch height between males. Thus, patch height would not be a good indicator of male quality. Furthermore, patch size was also not related to male ability to feed nestlings, indicating that females would not obtain direct benefits by choosing males with large patches. However, patch height could be a Fisher trait, but this requires heritability and there was no significant father‐son resemblance in patch height. Comparisons of the males visited by each female during the mate sampling period indicated that chosen males did not have larger forehead patches than rejected males. Experimental manipulation of patch height did not affect male mating success. These results indicate that females do not use patch size as a mate choice cue. Finally, patch height did not predict the outcome of male contests for nestboxes, suggesting that the forehead patch is not an intrasexually selected cue of status. Norwegian pied flycatchers have smaller forehead patches than both Spanish pied flycatchers and Swedish collared flycatchers. We suggest that this pattern may be explained by the lack of sexual selection on the forehead patch in the Norwegian population as compared to the other populations, where the patch is apparently sexually selected. We discuss possible reasons for these population divergences, such as female choice on an alternative secondary sexual character (general plumage color) and speciation among Ficedula flycatchers.