Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Radiation-Induced Endothelial Cell Loss and Blood–Spinal Cord Barrier Breakdown in the Rat Spinal Cord

Abstract Li, Y. Q. , Chen, P., Jain, V. , Reilly, R. M. and Wong, C. S. Early Radiation-Induced Endothelial Cell Loss and Blood–Spinal Cord Barrier Breakdown in the Rat Spinal Cord. Radiat. Res. 161, 143–152 (2004). Using a rat spinal cord model, this study was designed to characterize radiation-induced vascular endothelial cell loss and its relationship to early blood–brain barrier disruption in the central nervous system. Adult rats were given a single dose of 0, 2, 8, 19.5, 22, 30 or 50 Gy to the cervical spinal cord. At various times up to 2 weeks after irradiation, the spinal cord was processed for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Radiation-induced apoptosis was assessed by morphology and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling combined with immunohistochemical markers for endothelial and glial cells. Image analysis was performed to determine endothelial cell and microvessel density using immunohistochemistry with endothelial markers, namely endothelial barrier antigen, glucose transporter isoform 1, laminin and zonula occludens 1. Blood–spinal cord barrier permeability was assessed using immunohistochemistry for albumin and 99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid as a vascular tracer. Endothelial cell proliferation was assessed using in vivo BrdU labeling. During the first 24 h after irradiation, apoptotic endothelial cells were observed in the rat spinal cord. The decrease in endothelial cell density at 24 h after irradiation was associated with an increase in albumin immunostaining around microvessels. The decrease in the number of endothelial cells persisted for 7 days and recovery of endothelial density was apparent by day 14. A similar pattern of blood–spinal cord barrier disruption and recovery of permeability was observed over the 2 weeks, and an increase in BrdU-labeled endothelial cells was seen at day 3. These results are consistent with an association between endothelial cell death and acute blood–spinal cord barrier disruption in the rat spinal cord after irradiation.
Une grammaire partagée multitâche pour le traitement de la parole : application aux langues romanes [A multitask shared grammar for speech processing: application to romance languages]

Aujourd'hui, l'approche la plus courante en traitement de la parole consiste a combiner un reconnaisseur vocal statistique avec un analyseur semantique robuste. Pour beaucoup d'applications cependant, les reconnaisseurs linguistiques bases sur les grammaires offrent de nombreux avantages. Dans cet article, nous presentons une methodologie et un ensemble de logiciels libres (appele Reguls) pour deriver rapidement des reconnaisseurs linguistiquement motives a partir d'une grammaire generale partagee pour le catalan, le francais et l'espagnol. Today, the most common architecture for speech understanding consists of a combination of statistical recognition and robust semantic analysis. For many applications, however, grammar-based recognisers can offer concrete advantages. In this paper, we present a methodology and an Open Source platform (Regulus), which together permit rapid derivation of linguistically motivated recognisers, in either language, from a bilingual grammar of Catalan, French and Spanish.
The Inferior Olive of the C57BL/6J Mouse: A Chemoarchitectonic Study

We have used the histochemical and immunohistochemical staining methods and maps of gene expression to analyze the structure of the inferior olive of the C57BL mouse. As in other mammals, the inferior olive of the C57BL mouse contains three major nuclei, the medial nucleus, the principal nucleus, and the dorsal nucleus. The medial nucleus can be divided into a rostral medial nucleus and a more complex caudal part, which is formed by subnuclei C, B, A, the cap of Kooy, and the beta subnucleus. The principal nucleus includes the major principal nucleus and the arcuate subnucleus. Most of the inferior olive neurons are small to medium size, the smallest of which are found in the arcuate subnucleus. Calbindin and the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 gene are expressed in nearly all inferior olive neurons, but acetlycholinesterase, glutamate decarboxylase 1 gene, cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript protein prepropeptide gene, galanin gene, and calretinin are selectively expressed within different subnuclei. These findings are consistent with a pattern of extensive functional differentiation among the neuron groups of the inferior olive. Anat Rec, 297:289–300, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unexpected findings of study of selegiline have not been treated with caution its authors advised

Editor—In 1995 the BMJ published the results of a study by the Parkinson's Disease Research Group of the United Kingdom comparing the use of levodopa and a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor either with or without selegiline.1 An unexpected finding was an increase in mortality in the group receiving selegiline. The authors stated at that time that “the difference in mortality should be treated with caution. ” An editorial in the same issue also suggested that the findings provided “strong evidence against selegiline having a neuroprotective …
The interferon-inducible p202 protein as a modulator of transcription: inhibition of NF-kappa B, c-Fos, and c-Jun activities

The antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and cell growth-regulatory activities of the interferons are mediated by interferon-inducible proteins. One of these is p202, a nuclear protein that is encoded by the Ifi 202 gene from the interferon-activatable gene 200 cluster. Overexpression of p202 in transfected cells slows down cell proliferation. As shown earlier, p202 binds to the hypophosphorylated form of the retinoblastoma susceptibility protein. Here we report that p202 inhibits the activities of the NF-kappa B and the AP-1 enhancers both in transiently transfected cells and in transfected stable cell lines overexpressing p202. Furthermore, p202 binds the NF-kappa B p50 and p65 and the AP-1 c-Fos and c-Jun transcription factors in vitro and in vivo. NF-kappa B, c-Fos, and c-Jun participate in the transcription of various cellular and viral genes, and thus p202 can modulate the expression of these genes in response to interferons.
Reliability and validity of the Evaluation Tool of Children's Handwriting-Cursive (ETCH-C) using the general scoring criteria.

OBJECTIVES To determine the reliability and aspects of validity of the Evaluation Tool of Children's Handwriting-Cursive (ETCH-C; Amundson, 1995), using the general scoring criteria, when assessing children who use alternative writing scripts. METHOD Children in Years 5 and 6 with handwriting problems and a group of matched control participants from their respective classrooms were assessed with the ETCH-C twice, 4 weeks apart. RESULTS Total Letter scores were most reliable; more variability should be expected for Total Word scores. Total Numeral scores showed unacceptable reliability levels and are not recommended. We found good discriminant validity for Letter and Word scores and established cutoff scores to distinguish children with and without handwriting dysfunction (Total Letter <90%, Total Word <85%). CONCLUSION The ETCH-C, using the general scoring criteria, is a reliable and valid test of handwriting for children using alternative scripts.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Acremonium phylogenetic overview and revision of Gliomastix , Sarocladium , and

Over 200 new sequences are generated for members of the genus Acremonium and related taxa including ribosomal small subunit sequences (SSU) for phylogenetic analysis and large subunit (LSU) sequences for phylogeny and DNA-based identification. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that within the Hypocreales, there are two major clusters containing multiple Acremonium species. One clade contains Acremonium sclerotigenum, the genus Emericellopsis, and the genus Geosmithia as prominent elements. The second clade contains the genera Gliomastix sensu stricto and Bionectria. In addition, there are numerous smaller clades plus two multi-species clades, one containing Acremonium strictum and the type species of the genus Sarocladium, and, as seen in the combined SSU/LSU analysis, one associated subclade containing Acremonium breve and related species plus Acremonium curvulum and related species. This sequence information allows the revision of three genera. Gliomastix is revived for five species, G. murorum, G. polychroma, G. tumulicola, G. roseogrisea, and G. masseei. Sarocladium is extended to include all members of the phylogenetically distinct A. strictum clade including the medically important A. kiliense and the protective maize endophyte A. zeae. Also included in Sarocladium are members of the phylogenetically delimited Acremonium bacillisporum clade, closely linked to the A. strictum clade. The genus Trichothecium is revised following the principles of unitary nomenclature based on the oldest valid anamorph or teleomorph name, and new combinations are made in Trichothecium for the tightly interrelated Acremonium crotocinigenum, Spicellum roseum, and teleomorph Leucosphaerina indica. Outside the Hypocreales, numerous Acremonium-like species fall into the Plectosphaerellaceae, and A. atrogriseum falls into the Cephalothecaceae.
The modeled lifetime cost-effectiveness of published adherence-improving interventions for antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications.

OBJECTIVE We sought to compare the cost-effectiveness of different interventions that have been shown to improve adherence with antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy, by combining a burden of nonadherence model framework with literature-based data on adherence-improving interventions. METHODS MEDLINE was reviewed for studies that evaluated ≥1 adherence intervention compared with a control, used an adherence measure other than self-report, and followed patients for ≥6 months. Effectiveness was assessed as Relative Improvement, ratio of adherence with an intervention versus control. Costs, standardized to 12 months and adjusted to 2007 US$, and effectiveness estimates for each intervention were entered into a previously published model designed to measure the burden of nonadherence with antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications, in a hypertensive population. Outputs included direct medical costs and incremental costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. RESULTS After screening, 23 eligible adherence-improving interventions were identified from 18 studies. Relative Improvement ranged from 1.13 to 3.60. After eliminating more costly/less effective interventions, two remained. Self-monitoring, reminders, and educational materials incurred total health-care costs of $17,520, and compared with no adherence intervention, had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $4984 per QALY gained. Pharmacist/nurse management incurred total health-care costs of $17,896, and versus self-monitoring, reminders, and education had an ICER of $6358 per QALY gained. CONCLUSIONS Of published interventions shown to improve adherence, reminders and educational materials, and a pharmacist/nurse management program, appear to be cost-effective and should be considered before other interventions. Understanding relative cost-effectiveness of adherence interventions may guide design and implementation of efficient adherence-improving programs.
Demographic Changes as a Challenge to Human ResourcesManagement

Recent years have brought a marked increase in the interest connected with an increase of professional activity of elder people. It results from demographic changes the effect of which is an ongoing process of ageing of European societies The occurrence of ageing of the population carries a lot of negative consequences not only in the form of changes of the increase in age structure of population of people belonging to the oldest age categories. Since it influences ageing of resources found in the labour market and also is not indifferent to pension schemes or educational system. Characteristic phenomenon of the Polish labour market occurring with a large intensity in recent years has been the process of professional deactivation of labour resources in elder age groups (people above 45 year old), which results most of all from: the lack of qualifications and professional skills among older people compared to current demands of labour markets; discriminatory conduct of employers towards elder workers; easy access to early retirement and pre-retirement benefits. Due to shrinking of economically active population in younger age categories employers will be forced to active actions in favour of keeping older workers or appoint them to vacancies (Dychtwald, Erickson & Morison, 2004, pp. 48– 57, Tempest, Barnatt, & Coupland, 2002, pp. 475–492) The aim of this article is to indicate the areas of necessary changes in human resources management in order notice the values and use the potential of elder employees.
Continuous fluid resuscitation and splenectomy for treatment of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock after massive splenic injury.

BACKGROUND Using a standardized massive splenic injury (MSI) model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock, we studied the effect of continuous fluid resuscitation and splenectomy on the hemodynamic response and survival in rats. METHODS The animals were randomized into seven groups: group 1 (n = 8), sham-operated; group 2 (n = 8), MSI untreated; group 3 (n = 8), MSI treated with 7.5 mL/kg/h of 7.5% NaCl (hypertonic saline [HTS]) for 1 hour; group 4 (n = 8), MSI treated with 7.5 mL/kg/h hydroxyethyl starch (HES-7.5) for 1 hour; group 5 (n = 8) MSI treated with 35 mL/kg/h Ringer's lactate (RL) solution (RL-35) for 1 hour; group 6 (n = 8) MSI treated with 70 mL/kg/h RL for 1 hour (RL-70); and group 7 (n = 8), MSI treated with 105 mL/kg/h RL for 1 hour (RL-105). In all MSI groups, splenectomy was performed 45 minutes after injury. RESULTS MSI in untreated group 2 resulted in a fall of mean arterial pressure from 105.9 +/- 10.7 mm Hg to 27.0 +/- 6.7 mm Hg (p < 0.001) in 60 minutes. Mean survival time after splenectomy in this group was 160.7 +/- 29.7 minutes, and total blood loss was 34.8 +/- 4.7% of blood volume. Continuous HTS infusion with splenectomy in group 3 was followed by a total blood loss of 38.7 +/- 4.4% and mean survival time was 176.5 +/- 23.2 minutes. HES-7.5 infusion and splenectomy was followed by a total blood loss of 39.6 +/- 2.5% and survival time was 171.6 +/- 19.5 minutes. Continuous infusion of increasing volumes of RL in groups 5, 6, and 7 was followed by increase in blood loss to 29.0 +/- 4.1%, 50.2 +/- 3.1% (p < 0.001), and 62.7 +/- 7.1% (p < 0.002) of total blood volume, respectively. Mean survival time in groups 5, 6, and 7 was 233.5 +/- 6.5 minutes (p < 0.04), 207.6 +/- 17.0 minutes (p < 0.05), and 158 +/- 26 minutes, respectively. CONCLUSION Continuous infusion of large-volume RL and splenectomy after massive splenic injury resulted in a significant increase in intra-abdominal bleeding and shortened survival time compared with small-volume RL infusion.
Down‐regulation of transcription factor OVOL2 contributes to epithelial–mesenchymal transition in a noninvasive type of trophoblast implantation to the maternal endometrium

Embryo implantation into the uterine endometrium is required for pregnancy establishment in most mammals. By using global expression analysis, we investigated the molecules that are related to epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in noninvasive bovine trophoblasts and found that the transcription factor, ovo‐like zinc finger 2 (OVOL2), which is essential for mesenchymal‐epithelial transition in various cancers, was down‐regulated after trophoblast attachment to the endometrial epithelium in utero. In cultured bovine trophoblast cells, OVOL2 down‐regulation occurred only when cells were allowed to attach to bovine endometrial epithelial cells viathe TEAD3/YAP signaling pathway. This resulted in the up‐regulation of the EMT‐associated transcription factors, ZEB1 and SNAI2, and the mesenchymal cell markers, N‐cadherin (CDH2) and vimentin (VIM), whereas epithelial cell marker, E‐cadherin (CDH1), was down‐regulated. In contrast, OVOL2 overexpression in bovine trophoblast cells exhibited a decrease in ZEB1 transcripts and an increase in E‐cadherin. These observations revealed that ovo‐like protein (OVOL)2 down‐regulation occurred concurrently with conceptus implantation into the uterine endometrium via the YAP/TEAD3 signaling pathway, and suggest that the down‐regulation of OVOL2 expression contributes to the up‐regulation of EMT‐related transcription factor expression, which enables EMT progression in the noninvasive bovine trophectoderm postimplantation. —Bai R. , Kusama, K. , Nakamura, K. , Sakurai, T. , Kimura, K. , Ideta, A. , Aoyagi, Y. , Imakawa K. Down‐regulation of transcription factor OVOL2 contributes to epithelial–mesenchymal transition in a noninvasive type of trophoblast implantation to the maternal endometrium. FASEB J. 32, 3371–3384 (2018). www.fasebj. org
An ethogram for Rhesus monkeys. I. Antithetical contrasts in posture and movement.

Antithetical postures and movements in social displays of rhesus monkeys distinguish five moods. Movement from a high to a low position in the midsagittal plane indicates threat. Emphasis on movement in the frontal plane indicates subordinance. Movement from a low to a high position in the midsagittal plane indicates non-hostile, non-fearful approach. Oblique movements indicate a querying mood. Playfulness is indicated by emphasis on rotatory movements in the transverse plane.
Left Ventricular Function Can Reliably be Assessed From Dual-Source CT Using ECG-Gated Tube Current Modulation

Purpose:The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of global left ventricular (LV) function analysis using dual source CT (DSCT) with and without ECG-gated tube current modulation in comparison with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Methods and Materials:In 7 pigs with myocardial infarction retrospectively ECG-gated DSCT (2 × 64 × 0.6 mm; 120kV; 380mAsrot.) with and without tube current modulation (gating window: 40%–75%) as well as cine MR imaging of the heart were performed on the same day. From DSCT data 6 mm double-oblique short axis images were computed. DSCT as well as MR images were analyzed using Simpson method. LV volumes, ejection fraction and, myocardial mass were calculated. Wall motion was assessed visually. Standard deviations of attenuation values measured in the LV cavity were assigned to image noise and compared using Wilcoxon test. LV volumes were compared with Lin concordance-correlation coefficient (&rgr;c). Regional wall motion was analyzed with weighted kappa statistics. Results:Both, DSCT with (DSCTDM) and without (DSCTnorm) dose modulation were in good agreement with MR imaging. For ejection fraction, there was an excellent concordance-correlation comparing DSCTnorm with DSCTDM (&rgr;c = 0.9749), DSCTnorm with MR imaging (&rgr;c = 0.9435), and DSCTDM with MR imaging (&rgr;c = 0.9612). The corresponding kappa values comparing regional wall motion were &kgr; = 0.988, &kgr; = 0.901, and &kgr; = 0.888, respectively. During end-systole there was no significant difference in the image noise between DSCTnorm and DSCTDM techniques (P = 0.8750), but the difference became significant when comparing end-diastolic DSCT images (P = 0.0156). Conclusions:ECG-gated tube-current modulation does not hamper the quantitative assessment of global and regional LV function using DSCT.
Bcl-2 mediates chemoresistance in matched pairs of primary E(mu)-myc lymphomas in vivo.

The oncoprotein Bcl-2 is a potent survival factor antagonizing p53-dependent and -independent apoptotic cell death. Although many anticancer agents are known to engage apoptotic pathways, the clinical impact of Bcl-2 on treatment outcome remains controversial. Since it might be difficult to assess the contribution of a single gene to treatment response in patient material due to technical considerations, we sought to address Bcl-2's role in a mouse model of primary lymphomas treated at their natural site. Driven by the E(mu)-enhancer controlled c-myc transgene, primary B cell lymphomas arise in this model by several months of age and resemble closely typical clinical and histopathological features of human non-Hodgkin lymphomas. We introduced either bcl-2 or a control construct into identical samples of freshly isolated E(mu)-myc lymphomas by retroviral gene transfer in order to obtain matched pairs of primary lymphomas differing only in their Bcl-2 status. While no Bcl-2-mediated effect was detectable in clonogenic survival assays in vitro, treatment of the genetically modified lymphoma pairs propagated in nontransgenic recipient mice revealed Bcl-2's impact on drug sensitivity in vivo. Bcl-2 efficiently blocked short- and long-term drug-mediated cell death in vivo. In a comparison of 15 matched pairs of primary lymphomas, the bcl-2 transduced sample never achieved longer remission periods than the control counterpart and most of the Bcl-2 overexpressing lymphomas failed to respond at all. We conclude that-when assessed in the physiological environmental context-MBcl-2 contributes to chemoresistance of B cell lymphomas in vivo. This model, able to test any other candidate gene, will be particularly useful to study the implications of specific mutations for drug action in vivo.
Genetics of tension‐type headache: A population based twin study

The purpose was to investigate the importance of genetic and environmental factors in tension‐type headache using a genetic modeling analysis. Twins age 12–41 years old from the population based Danish Twin Registry received a validated posted questionnaire about tension‐type headache and migraine. Inclusion required that both twins in a pairs replied on the questionnaire and known zygosity. Twin pairs where one or both twins had co‐occurrence of migraine were excluded. Migraine significantly increases the risk as well as the frequency of tension–type headache. The quantitative genetic modeling included 2,437 monozygotic (MZ), 2,720 same gender dizygotic (DZ), and 2,203 opposite gender DZ twin pairs without co‐occurrence of migraine. Polychoric correlations were significantly higher in MZ than same gender DZ twin pairs analyzed separately by gender, while polychoric correlation were higher in same gender than opposite gender DZ twin pairs, although this was not significant in the comparison with male same gender DZ twin pairs. The best fitting model is based on gender specific prevalence and variance components without gender specific genetic effects. Heritability estimates of 48% in men and 44% in women were obtained. Genetic effects contribute to nearly half of variance in the liability to tension‐type headache. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Effectiveness and Efficiency of Home-Based Nursing Health Promotion for Older People: A Review of the Literature

Despite the large potential role that community nurses have in providing individualized health promotion to older people, there is a lack of consensus in the literature regarding this role's effectiveness and efficiency. This article presents a literature review and synthesis of 12 randomized controlled trials selected from 344 published studies on preventive home visitation programs for older people. The findings suggest that a diversity of home visiting interventions carried out by nurses can favorably affect health and functional status, mortality rates, use of hospitalization and nursing homes, and costs. Further research is needed that focuses on the outcomes of quality of life, mental health, social support, caregiver burden, the acceptability of intervention, and specific subgroups of clients who benefit most. Findings also indicate the need for a theoretical foundation, increased emphasis on health-promotion strategies, and more research using a more complete economic evaluation to establish efficiency.