Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Incidence of myocardial infarction].

The incidence rates for myocardial infarction and sudden death attributable to coronary heart disease for adults between the ages of 35 and 74 years for black and white populations were studied in Nashville, Tennessee, for a l-year period, July 1, 1967 to June 30, 1968. The overall incidence rate for myocardial infarction was 3.42 and for sudden coronary death, 1.55 per 1,000 population. The male-to-female ratio for the white population for myocardial infarction was 3:1, and for the black population 2:1. Similar male-to-female ratios were found for those dying suddenly for both races. However, both black males and females died suddenly at a higher rate than did the white. Over half of the sudden deaths occurred within a 2-hour period after onset of symptoms. Fifty-two percent were dead on arrival at a hospital, 31% died at home, and 6% in a public place. Only 4% had either no contact with a source of medical care or had negative disease histories prior to sudden death. Thus, it would seem possible in further studies to identify a group of individuals at high risk of sudden death from coronary heart disease.
A dominant mutation etiologic for human tricho‐dento‐osseous syndrome impairs the ability of DLX3 to downregulate ΔNp63α

The homeodomain transcription factors play crucial roles in many developmental processes ranging from organization of the body plan to differentiation of individual tissues. The homeodomain protein Distal‐less‐3 (DLX3) has an essential role in epidermal stratification and development of ectodermal appendages, placenta and bones. A four‐nucleotide deletion in the human DLX3 gene is etiologic for the human hereditary tricho‐dento‐osseous (TDO) ectodermal dysplasia, a dominant syndrome characterized by abnormalities in hair, nails, teeth, and bones. We have previously demonstrated that DLX3 gene expression induces degradation of ΔNp63α, a specific product of the TP63 gene, a master regulator of multi‐layered epithelia. Here we show that the DLX3TDO mutant protein is unable to promote ΔNp63α protein degradation and impairs the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins and skin differentiation markers. However, we found that in cell expressing equal amounts of mutant and wild‐type DLX3, ΔNp63α protein level is efficiently regulated implying that genetic heterozygosity at the DLX3 locus protects TDO patients from developing severe p63‐associated skin defects. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2189–2197, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Residents’ Satisfaction and Behavioural Intention with Asogli Yam Festival in Ghana

Almost every ethnic group in Ghana celebrates some form of annual community festival. Due to their cultural significance in the setup of communities, Ghanaian festivals have attracted empirical investigations. However, residents’ festival satisfaction and behavioural intentions remain unexplored. Using Asogli Yam Festival, the study examined residents’ evaluation of attributes of the festival as well as the socio-demographic influence on residents’ satisfaction with the festival. Face-to-face questionnaires were administered to 471 residents aged 18 and above in public places as well as houses in the community via convenience sampling procedure. Generally, respondents were indifferent towards their evaluation of attributes of the festival with the only notable exception being the durbar. Overall, majority of the respondents were satisfied with the festival. Results indicate an asymmetric relationship between attribute and overall levels of satisfaction. Gender was not found to a significant determinant of overall satisfaction with the festival. Generally, majority of residents are likely to participate in future Asogli Yam festivals. Residents with high involvement in the festival indicated higher satisfaction levels and were more likely to participate in future festivals than residents with low involvement were.
Postoperative lung function in lung cancer patients: comparative analysis of predictive capability of MRI, CT, and SPECT.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare the utility of dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI in the prediction of postoperative lung function in patients with lung cancer with the utility of quantitative and qualitative assessment of CT and perfusion SPECT. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred fifty lung cancer patients (87 men, 63 women) underwent dynamic perfusion MRI, MDCT, perfusion SPECT, and measurement of preoperative and postoperative forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1) expressed as percentage of predicted value. Postoperative FEV1 was predicted with dynamic perfusion MRI by semiquantitative assessment of the perfusion of whole lungs and resected segments of lungs, with quantitative assessment of functional lung volume on CT with commercially available software, with qualitative assessment of CT on the basis of the number of segments of total and resected lung, and with perfusion SPECT by assessment of uptake of microaggregated albumin particles in whole lungs and resected segments of lungs. Correlation and limits of agreement between actual and predicted postoperative FEV1 values were statistically evaluated. RESULTS Actual postoperative FEV1 had stronger correlation with postoperative FEV1 predicted from perfusion MRI (r = 0.87, p < 0.0001) and quantitative CT (r = 0.88, p < 0.0001) than with postoperative FEV1 predicted from qualitative CT (r = 0.83, p < 0.0001) and perfusion SPECT (r = 0.83, p < 0.0001). The limits of agreement between the actual postoperative FEV1 and postoperative FEV1 predicted from perfusion MRI (5.3% +/- 11.8% [mean +/- 2 SD]) were smaller than the values for postoperative FEV1 predicted from qualitative CT (6.8% +/- 14.4%) and perfusion SPECT (5.1% +/- 14.0%) and was almost equal to the value for postoperative FEV1 predicted from quantitative CT (5.0% +/- 11.6%). CONCLUSION Dynamic perfusion MRI is more accurate in prediction of the postoperative lung function of patients with lung cancer than are qualitative CT and perfusion SPECT and may be at least as accurate as quantitative CT.
Sugar and Type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND Consumption of sugar, specifically sugar-sweetened beverages, has been widely held responsible by the media for the global rise in Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). SOURCES OF DATA Systematic reviews and dietary guidelines relating dietary sugars to T2DM. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Weight gain and T2DM incidence are associated with diet and lifestyle patterns characterized by high consumptions of any sweetened beverages. High sugar intakes impair risk factors for macrovascular complications of T2DM. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Much of the association between sugars and T2DM is eliminated by adjusting data for body mass index (BMI). However, BMI adjustment does not fully account for adiposity (r2=0.65-0.75). Excess sugar can promote weight gain, thus T2DM, through extra calories, but has no unique diabetogenic effect at physiological levels. GROWING POINTS Ethical concerns about caffeine added to sweetened beverages, undetectable by consumers, to increase consumption. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Evidence needed for limiting dietary sugar below 10% energy intake.
Study on relationship between the nutritional status and dental caries in 8-12 year old children of Udaipur City, India.

BACKGROUND The future health of individuals depends on the well being of the children of today. Proper nutrition for children is very important. The most commonly used index of obesity and over weight is Body Mass Index. The growth of children should be monitored using the Body Mass Index (BMI) and risk factors assessed through a dietary and physical activity history. The increase in obesity is attributed to increased carbohydrate consumption among children. Obesity and caries are both diet-based conditions that share a cause that is, excessive ingestion of fermentable carbohydrates. OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to determine the association of nutritional status with dental caries in 8 to 12 year old children of Udaipur city. METHOD The present study was conducted on a random sample of 1000 boys and girls, aged 8-12 years. The children were selected from schools located in the Udaipur City, Rajasthan. The schools examined were of government and private sector schools in Udaipur city. The children from schools of Udaipur city was taken in the study with male, female and age group ratio as per distribution in population. A proforma was used to record children's age, gender, school, year, height, weight, parental income and dental caries status. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS Version 15; Chicago Inc., USA). RESULT It was found that caries free individuals were more from normal nutritional status group with 134 (13.4 %) subjects where as only 11 (1.1 %) of subjects obese children were found caries free. CONCLUSION Study shows that the children with normal BMI for age had more caries in their primary teeth, as well as in their permanent teeth, than the overweight children.
Naltrexone Implants Compared to Methadone: Outcomes Six Months after Prison Release

Background:After prison release, offenders with heroin use problems are at high risk of relapse and overdose death. There is a particular need for treatments that can be initiated in prison and continued after release into the community. Methadone maintenance treatment has been shown to reduce heroin use, criminality and mortality. Naltrexone implant treatment has not previously been evaluated in prison settings. Methods:This study compares the effects of naltrexone implants and methadone treatment on heroin and other illicit drug use, and criminality among heroin-dependent inmates after release from prison. Results:Forty-six volunteers were randomly allocated to naltrexone implants or methadone before release. Intention-to-treat analyses showed reductions in both groups in frequency of use of heroin and benzodiazepines, as well as criminality, 6 months after prison release. Conclusions:Naltrexone implants may be a valuable treatment option in prison settings.
Mechanism of ammonia assimilation in streptococci.

SUMMARY: Streptococcus sanguis, S. bovis, S. mutans and S. salivarius, and also Escherichia coli for comparison, were grown separately in a chemostat under ammonia- and glucose-limitation. Bacterial extracts were assayed for ammonia-assimilating enzymes. For E. coli the level of glutamate dehydrogenase decreased and the levels of glutamine synthetase and glutamine (amide): 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (glutamate synthase) increased following a change from glucose- to ammonia-limitation. In contrast, ammonia-limited streptococci contained much higher levels of glutamate dehydrogenase than glucose-limited streptococci, and although a glutamine synthetase was detected in S. bovis, glutamate synthase could not be detected in any of the streptococci. Low activity of a NAD-linked alanine dehydrogenase was found in S. bovis and S. sanguis. These results suggest that the only pathway of ammonia assimilation in streptococci involves glutamate dehydrogenase, irrespective of the nature of the growth limitation. Glutamate dehydrogenase extracted from the different species of Streptococcus had similar Michaelis constants and optimum pH values.
Chapter 0123456789 XXXXXXXXXXXX PROOF XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Situated Design Computing : Principles

This paper introduces the principles of situated design computing. Situated design computing expands the concept of computing from being the encoding of objective knowledge that is fixed by the programmers of the system to include first-person knowledge acquired while the programs are being used. This first-person knowledge forms the basis of the system’s experience which is then made available as the system is used further. The four principles of situatedness are presented along with the basic concept of the mechanism by which such systems operate: constructive memory.
Effect of split nursing on variation in pig growth from birth to weaning.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of split nursing (i.e., removal of the larger pigs in a litter from the dam for a short period within 24 hours after birth to allow the smaller pigs in the litter uninhibited access to the dam) on variation in growth from birth to weaning among pigs. DESIGN Clinical trial. ANIMALS 1,193 pigs in 118 litters. PROCEDURE Litters were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: control group (pigs were not split nursed), group 1 (heaviest 50% of pigs in the litter were removed from the sow for 2 hours), or group 2 (heaviest 50% of pigs were removed from the sow for 2 hours and, after the heaviest pigs were returned to the sow, the lightest 50% of pigs were removed for 2 hours). Birth weights and weaning weights were measured. RESULTS Significant differences in average daily gain (ADG), weaning weight, or serum IgG concentration among groups were not detected. However, significant linear improvements in the SD and coefficient of variation of the ADG were detected, but only for litters with > or = 9 pigs born alive. Percentages of pigs from split-nursed litters that weighed < 3.6 kg (8 lb) at weaning (1.3 and 1.6% for groups 1 and 2, respectively) were lower than percentage of control pigs that did (3%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that split nursing will decrease variation in ADG of pigs from birth to weaning but only for pigs from litters with > or = 9 pigs born alive.
Pink pulseless hand following supra-condylar fractures: an audit of British practice.

I read with interest the article ‘Pink pulseless hand following supra-condylar fractures: an audit of British practice,’ published in January 2006 [1]. The authors took the views of orthopaedic surgeons with special interest in paediatric orthopaedics. I appreciate the author’s work on the topical subject. I have a simple basic question. Supra-condylar fractures in children are common. In Britain, they are almost always treated by the orthopaedic surgeon on call in the nearest hospital taking trauma cases, but not by the nearest paediatric specialist orthopaedic centre. Hence, I would be more interested in the views of the general orthopaedic surgeon who treats them commonly, especially after a similar recent paper published in Injury taking the views of specialist paediatric orthopaedic surgeons [2]. Does the audit really reflect the true British practice as mentioned in the title?
Operation of Low-$T_{c}$ Circuits in a Magnetic Environment

Low-Tc rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) digital circuits without magnetic shielding fabricated with the FLUXONICS Foundry have been studied in the presence of external magnetic fields. Magnetic fields parallel to the plane of the chip are shown to influence more drastically the nominal behavior of the circuits above 5 μT, while perpendicular magnetic fields can reach 15 μT without affecting significantly their operation. This is confirmed by experimental SQUID interference patterns.
Streptococcus pneumoniae and lytic antibiotic therapy: are we adding insult to injury during invasive pneumococcal disease and sepsis?

Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), otherwise known as ‘the pneumococcus’, is a fascinating microbe that continues to pose a significant problem to public health. Currently there are no specific National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) or British Thoracic Society (BTS) clinical guidelines referring to the treatment of invasive pneumococcal infection. NICE clinical guidelines suggest the use of lytic &bgr;‐lactam antibiotic regimens for the management of community‐acquired pneumonia and bacterial meningitis; infections for which S. pneumoniae is a likely causative organism. Lytic antibiotics have been shown to increase the release of pneumolysin (the highly inflammatory and damaging toxin of the pneumococcus), thus theoretically increasing host damage, which may lead to a decline of clinical outcomes in vulnerable patients. In light of this information, should the use of non‐lytic antibiotics, such as quinolones, rifamycins and macrolides, be considered for the treatment of invasive pneumococcal disease?
The zinc finger protein NRIF interacts with the neurotrophin receptor p 75 NTR and participates in programmed cell death

NRIF (neurotrophin receptor interacting factor) is a ubiquitously expressed zinc finger protein of the Krüppel family which interacts with the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR. The interaction was first detected in yeast and then biochemically confirmed using recombinant GST–NRIF fusions and p75NTR expressed by eukaryotic cells. Transgenic mice carrying a deletion in the exon encoding the p75NTRbinding domain of NRIF display a phenotype which is strongly dependent upon genetic background. While at the F2 generation there is only limited (20%) embryonic lethality, in a congenic BL6 strain nrif–/– mice cannot survive beyond E12, but are viable and healthy to adulthood in the Sv129 background. The involvement of NRIF in p75NTR/NGF-mediated developmental cell death was examined in the mouse embryonic neural retina. Disruption of the nrif gene leads to a reduction in cell death which is quantitatively indistinguishable from that observed in p75NTR–/– and ngf–/– mice. These results indicate that NRIF is an intracellular p75NTRbinding protein transducing cell death signals during development.
Biomonitoring of traffic police officers exposed to airborne platinum

Background: Over the past two decades there has been a substantial increase in environmental levels of palladium, platinum, and rhodium, the platinum group elements (PGEs), due to the widespread use of catalytic converters for automotive traction. Aim: To evaluate urinary platinum levels in occupationally exposed subjects. Methods: A total of 161 employees from the Rome City Police Force were studied; 103 were traffic police involved in controlling streets with an average flow of vehicles, while the remaining 58 were control subjects engaged only in office work. Platinum quantification in the urine samples of these subjects was carried out by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between platinum levels in the group of subjects engaged in traffic control and the control group (4.45 (2.42) ng/l v 4.56 (2.84) ng/l, respectively). Conclusions: Urinary levels were found to be higher than those reported for other urban populations, thus showing a progressive increase in human exposure to Pt.
Effects of a convenience drink fortified with n-3 fatty acids on the n-3 index

There is strong evidence that the intake of EPA and DHA reduces the risk of adverse cardiac events. Fish and fish oil capsules are not necessarily an ideal source of EPA and DHA for every individual. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a convenience drink enriched with 500 mg EPA and DHA on the n-3 index, a biomarker of EPA and DHA status in an individual. Of the 190 subjects with atherosclerotic disease screened between February and June 2009, 50 were recruited based on an n-3 index < 5 %. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a convenience drink supplemented either with n-3 fatty acids (n 40, 200 mg EPA and 300 mg DHA) or placebo (n 10, 1·1 g linoleic acid, C18 : 2n-6, from maize oil) daily for 8 weeks. The primary end point was a change in the n-3 index. Intention-to-treat analysis was done. After 8 weeks of daily intake of 200 mg EPA+300 mg DHA, the mean n-3 index increased from 4·37 (sd 0·51) to 6·80 (sd 1·45) % (P < 0·001). Interindividual variability in response was high (CV of the Δ, cv = 0·21). The control group showed no change in the n-3 index. The results showed that daily intake of a convenience drink supplemented with n-3 fatty acids leads to a significant increase of the n-3 index with high interindividual variability in response. Dose and preparation used were safe, well tolerated and highly palatable.
Cultural diversity in Australian medical education

The present study sought to explore the relevance of cultural dimensions and cultural diversity among overseas and local medical students. The main comparison among the fourth year medical students studied was between Asian origin and Anglophone background students. The measures used included cultural variation, reasons for studying medicine, learning approaches and strategies, patient interaction confidence, and medical practices anxieties. Results indicated cultural differences between the two groups, and relationships between cultural variables and, in particular, reasons for studying medicine, learning approaches and strategies, and patient interaction confidence. Results were interpreted according to Hofstede's(1980, 1986) theory of cultural dimensions as they may apply in the educational setting.
Alcohol and secobarbital effects as a function of familial alcoholism: acute psychophysiological effects.

Previous research has demonstrated response differences following administration of alcohol between adult males with a positive (FHP) versus negative (FHN) family history of alcoholism. These response differences are thought to reflect differences in vulnerability to dependence on alcohol. Thus, the role of positive family alcoholism history in increasing risk of addiction to a variety of drug classes might be studied by determining whether FHP subjects show different responses to drug classes other than alcohol. This was done in the present study by determining dose-effect functions for a variety of physiological (heart rate, skin conductance, skin temperature), subjective (analog mood and drug effect, Subjective High Assessment Scale), and psychomotor measures (hand tremor, body sway, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, eye-hand coordination, and numeric recall) in FHP and FHN college-aged males for secobarbital (0, 100, 200 mg by mouth) and ethanol (1 g/kg). FHP and FHN subjects were matched on light-to-moderate drinking patterns, anthropometric dimensions, age, years of schooling, and drug use. At equivalent blood alcohol levels family-history positive subjects reported greater effects of ethanol than did family-history negative subjects on almost all subjective measures. Following the high dose of secobarbital, FHP but not FHN subjects showed elevated subjective effects; these effects were substantially less and were evident in fewer measures than following ethanol. In contrast to effects on the subjective measures, ethanol and secobarbital produced comparable impairment in both groups of subjects for most psychomotor responses. Group differences were not obtained on any physiological measures. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)