Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Case studies of incorporation of prior information in electrical resistivity tomography: comparison of different approaches

Many geophysical inverse problems are ill-posed and their solution non-unique. It is thus important to reduce the amount of mathematical solutions to more geologically plausible models by regularizing the inverse problem and incorporating all available prior information in the inversion process. We compare three different ways to incorporate prior information for electrical resistivity tomography (ERT): using a simple reference model, adding structural constraints to Occam’s inversion and using geostatistical constraints. We made the comparison on four real cases representing different field applications in terms of scales of investigation and level of heterogeneities. In those cases, when electromagnetic logging data are available in boreholes to control the solution, it appears that incorporating prior information clearly improves the correspondence with logging data compared to the standard smoothness constraint. However, the way to incorporate it may have a major impact on the solution. A reference model can often be used to constrain the inversion; however, it can lead to misinterpretation if its weight is too strong or the resistivity values inappropriate. When the computation of the vertical and/or horizontal correlation length is possible, the geostatistical inversion gives reliable results everywhere in the section. However, adding geostatistical constraints can be difficult when there is not enough data to compute correlation lengths. When a known limit between two layers exists, the use of structural constraint seems to be more indicated particularly when the limit is located in zones of low sensitivity for ERT. This work should help interpreters to include their prior information directly into the inversion process through an appropriate way.
Performance of downscaled regional climate simulations using a variable‐resolution regional climate model: Tasmania as a test case

In this study we develop methods for dynamically downscaling output from six general circulation models (GCMs) for two emissions scenarios using a variable‐resolution atmospheric climate model. The use of multiple GCMs and emissions scenarios gives an estimate of model range in projected changes to the mean climate across the region. By modeling the atmosphere at a very fine scale, the simulations capture processes that are important to regional weather and climate at length scales that are subgrid scale for the host GCM. We find that with a multistaged process of increased resolution and the application of bias adjustment methods, the ability of the simulation to reproduce observed conditions improves, with greater than 95% of the spatial variance explained for temperature and about 90% for rainfall. Furthermore, downscaling leads to a significant improvement for the temporal distribution of variables commonly used in applied analyses, reproducing seasonal variability in line with observations. This seasonal signal is not evident in the GCMs. This multistaged approach allows progressive improvement in the skill of the simulations in order to resolve key processes over the region with quantifiable improvements in the correlations with observations.
Structural Covariates of Homicide Rates: Are There Any Invariances Across Time and Social Space?

This study demonstrate that the empirical literature on the structural convariates of homicide rates contains inconsistent findings across different time periods and different geographical units. This apparent variance of findings may be due to statistical or methodological artifacts of particular studies, such as different time periods covered, units of analysis, samples, model specification, and problems of statistical analysis and inference. A baseline regression model using 11 structural covariates is estimated for cities, metropolitan areas, and states in 1960, 1970, and 1980. The empirical estimates of this model exhibit instability because of high levels of collinearity among several regressors. Principal components analysis is applied to simplify the dimensionally of the structural covariate space. Reestimation of the regression model then indicates that the apparent inconsistencies across time and social space are greatly reduced. The theoretical significance of the findings for substantive theories of violent crime are discussed.
Agency Conflicts and Cash: Estimates from a Dynamic Model

Which agency problems affect corporate cash policy? To answer this question, we estimate a dynamic model of finance and investment with three mechanisms that misalign managerial and shareholder incentives: limited managerial ownership of the firm, compensation based on firm size, and managerial perquisite consumption. We find that perquisite consumption critically impacts cash policy. Size-based compensation also matters, but less. Firms with lower blockholder and institutional ownership have higher managerial perquisite consumption, low managerial ownership is a key factor in the secular upward trend in cash holdings, and agency plays little role in small firms' substantial cash holdings.
Pseudo-gradient and Lagrangian boundary control system formulation of electromagnetic fields

This paper describes an electromagnetic field analogue of the classical Brayton–Moser formulation. It is shown that Maxwell's curl equations constitute a pseudo-gradient system with respect to a single electromagnetic mixed-potential functional and a metric defined by the constitutive relations of the fields. Besides its use for the generation of power-based Lyapunov functionals for stability analysis and Poynting-like flow balances, the electromagnetic mixed-potential formulation suggests a family of alternative variational principles. This yields a novel Lagrangian boundary control system formulation admitting nonzero energy flow through the boundary. The corresponding symplectic Hamiltonian system is still associated with the total electromagnetic field energy.
Does the EDI Measure School Readiness in the Same Way Across Different Groups of Children?

The present study investigates whether the Early Development Instrument (Offord & Janus, 1999) measures school readiness similarly across different groups of children. We employ ordinal logistic regression to investigate differential item functioning, a method of examining measurement bias. For 40,000 children, our analysis compares groups according to gender, English-as-a-second-language (ESL) status, and Aboriginal status. Our results indicate no systematic measurement differences regarding Aboriginal status and gender, except for 1 item on which boys are more likely than girls to be rated as physically aggressive by Kindergarten teachers. In contrast, ESL children systematically receive lower ratings on items of the language and communication domains—as expected by definition of ESL status—but not within the physical, social, and emotional domains. We discuss how our results fit with child development research and the purpose of the Early Development Instrument, thus supporting its validity.
Effect of multi-phase feeding on growth, main carcass parts, and nitrogen content in faeces of broiler chickens.

The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of multi- phase feeding, i.e. the effect of different mash feeds with multi-phase protein reduction, on growth, main carcass parts and nitrogen content in faeces of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted on 1216 chickens of Ross 308 provenience, separated by sex. The experiment lasted for 42 days and the standard technology was used. The groups differed in a type of a mash (treatment) given in the starter period, as follows: T1 (control group) was given a mash with 23% crude proteins from day 1 to day 21; T2 - a mash with 23% proteins from day 1 to day 7, followed by a mash with 21.5% proteins given from day 7 to day 21; T3 - a mash with 23% proteins from day 1 to day 14, followed by a mash with 21.5% proteins given from day 14 to day 21; T4 - mashes changed every three days, having 23%, 22.55%, 22.10%, 21.65% , 21.20%, 20.75% and 20.30% of crude proteins, respectively. Slaughtering performance was investigated on a total of 64 broiler chickens, with eight male and eight female chickens used separately for each of the treatments. Nitrogen content in faeces was determined using the pooled sample of faeces. The obtained results showed some differences in the average daily growth of the male and female chickens when comparing the control (T1) and the experimental groups. Those differences were not statistically significant. However, when comparing the male-only groups, it was determined that the experimental group T4 had statistically significantly higher growth than T2 and T3 group. The effect of the multi-phase feeding programme on the breast, thigh and drumstick share of both male and female broilers was not significant. The applied multi-phase feeding programmes resulted in a reduction in the nitrogen content in the faeces. Considering the obtained results, it can be concluded that the multi-phase feeding programmes had no negative effect on the growth and slaughtering performances
Foliage applied zinc ensures better growth, yield and grain biofortification of mungbean

This study was carried out to optimize the zinc (Zn) foliar application for improving mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) grain yield and its biofortification. The plants were either sprayed with distilled water, or with Zn solution (0.50, 1.0 and 1.5%) using ZnSO 4 . 7H 2 O as source while no spray was also taken as control. Zn foliar application improved the seedling growth, morphological and yield parameters, grain yield and grain Zn concentration in mungbean. Among the various foliar treatments, Zn foliar application at 0.5% was the most effective in improving the root system (longer roots with more roots proliferation), seedling growth, chlorophyll contents, yield related paramet ers, and grain yield; while for grain Zn concentration foliar applied Zn at 1% was effective. Zn application at 0.5 and 1% increased the grain yield and grain Zn concentration by 86 – 38% and 78 – 156%, respectively than no application. Thus, Zn may be foliar applied at 0.5 – 1% for harvesting good grain yield and Zn - enriched grains of mungbean.
RECONSTRUCTING AND IDENTIFYING THE ROSSLER'S SYSTEM BY USING A HIGH GAIN OBSERVER

A simple way to determine the parameters of Rössler's system based on a suitable output is presented in this paper. The fact that the nonlinear system is observable and algebraically identifiable with respect to the selected output, allows us to propose, in a first stage, a high‐gain observer to estimate the output time derivatives. And then, based on these facts two suitable schemes to recover the parameters are presented.
Upper-Lip Frenum as a Predictive Marker for Unexpected and Unexplained Asphyxia in Infants

Objective: To determine if there is a relationship between restricted upper-lip frenums (upper lip ties) and unexpected and unexplained asphyxia (UUA) in infants. Methods: A retrospective review was done of 327 UUA cases from Miami-Dade County, FL and Harris County, TX. Using autopsy photos, upper-lip frenums were classified by degree of restriction. Statistical analysis was done to compare the occurrence of restricted upper-lip frenums in this UUA population to a baseline for the general population. The difference was statistically significant at the 99% confidence level. Conclusion: There is a very strong statistical correlation between restricted upper-lip frenums and UUA infant deaths.
Effects of long-term fertilisation on soil properties in Scots pine and Norway spruce stands

The response of surface soil after 45- to 52-years to repeated nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisation was studied. This study included 30 factorial experiments established in young (5- to 30-year-old) stands using plots of 900 m 2 , on average, and by randomising treatments within each experiment. Total amount of N added varied from 534 to 1908 kg ha –1 and that of P from 69 to 193 kg ha –1 , repeated at every second N fertilisation. Liming was performed twice; in total, 6000 kg ha –1 of dolomite was applied. Nitrogen fertilisation increased the mass of the organic layer and the amount of carbon and consequently the amounts of most of the elements in the organic layer. In both the organic layer and the 0–10 cm layer of mineral soil, nitrogen fertilisation decreased the C/N ratio and tended to lower pH, although only slightly. Phosphorus fertilisation increased the amounts of P and Ca. Liming increased the total amounts of most elements in the organic layer, except for C and N. We were able to derive models to describe how changes in the chemical properties of the surface soil depended on doses of elements and on site and stand properties.
The profile of students’ problem-solving skill in physics across interest program in the secondary school

Problem-solving skills are important skills in physics. However, according to some researchers, the problem-solving skill of Indonesian students’ problem in physics learning is categorized still low. The purpose of this study was to identify the profile of problem-solving skills of students who follow the across the interests program of physics. The subjects of the study were high school students of Social Sciences, grade X. The type of this research was descriptive research. The data which used to analyze the problem-solving skills were obtained through student questionnaires and the test results with impulse materials and collision. From the descriptive analysis results, the percentage of students’ problem-solving skill based on the test was 52.93% and indicators respectively. These results indicated that students’ problem-solving skill is categorized low.
META‐ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FIVE‐FACTOR MODEL OF PERSONALITY AND HOLLAND'S OCCUPATIONAL TYPES

The purpose of this study is to examine the nature and magnitude of the relationship between 2 widely accepted models for classifying individual differences–the 5-factor model of personality and Holland's RI-ASEC occupational types. Based on extensive meta-analyses, our results illustrate that there are meaningful relations between some FFM personality dimensions and some RIASEC types. The strongest relationships were obtained between the RIASEC types of enterprising and artistic with the FFM personality dimensions of Extraversion and Openness to Experience, p= . 41 and . 39, respectively. Three other RIASEC types had moderate correlations with at least 1 FFM personality trait. In contrast, the realistic type was not related to any FFM personality traits. Multiple regression analyses in which each RIASEC type is regressed on the FFM scores (based on meta-analytic estimates), revealed a multiple R of . 11 for realistic, . 26 for investigative, . 42 for artistic, . 31 for social, . 47 for enterprising, and . 27 for conventional types. The overall conclusion from the study is that although FFM personality traits and RIASEC types are related, they are not merely substitutes for each other.
Physicochemical and parasitological quality of vegetables irrigation water in Ouagadougou city, Burkina-Faso

The quality of irrigation water from different sources used by urban vegetable producers, the watered soils and vegetables in Ouagadougou was investigated. From December 2012 to December 2013, samples of water (97), lettuces heads (20), manure (10) and soil (9) were collected and analyzed for their parasitological quality using modified Bailenger methods. The result shows that parasites concentration in samples (1 to 11 egg/L in water, 0.45 egg/g on lettuce and 0.48 egg/g in soil) are above the threshold levels set by WHO/FAO for unrestricted irrigation. Different protozoa and helminthes belonging to 9 species were identified in the samples analyzed. These include Ankylostoma duodenalis, Hymenolepis nana, Ascaris lombricoides, Taenias ssp. , Strongyloides stercoralis, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba coli. Despite variation in isolated parasites, eggs of A. lumbricoides and A. duodenalis were common in all water, soil and vegetables. Furthermore 14.87% of collected eggs have proven to be viable with predominance of helminthes eggs. As a result, farmers appear to be the most exposed group to helminthiasis. Key words: Waterborne parasites, vegetables, urban-farming, Ouagadougou.
Words are Not All Created Equal: A New Measure of ECB Communication

We develop a field-specific dictionary to measure the stance of the European Central Bank (ECB) monetary policy (dovish, neutral, hawkish) and the state of the Eurozone economy (positive, neutral, negative) through the content of ECB press conferences. In contrast with traditional textual analysis, we propose a novel approach using term-weighting and contiguous sequence of words (n-grams) to better capture the subtlety of central bank communication. We find that quantifying ECB communication using our field-specific weighted lexicon helps to explain future ECB monetary decisions when considering an augmented Taylor rule. Regarding European stock market volatility, we find that markets are more (less) volatile on the day following a conference with a negative (positive) tone about the euro area economic outlook. Our indicators significantly outperform a textual classification based on the Loughran–McDonald or Apel–Blix Grimaldi dictionaries and a media-based measure of economic policy uncertainty.
Surface Equilibrium Angle for Anisotropic Grain Growth and Densification Model in Ceramic Materials

Sintering is the main operation in powder technology. This explains the attention of scientists and practical engineers towards sintering. Currently there are two main cardinally different approaches to describing sintering: classical physical sintering theory and phenomenological. The first rests on physical constants at the level of individual particles, and the second is based on continuum equations for solid (viscous medium) mechanics, and it requires for its implementation presence of empirical coefficients and it is used for describing macroscopic problems of powder technologyGalakhov (2009). Experimentally, the most common way to investigate the relative energy of the grain boundary consist in establishing a relationship of the surface free energy of the material with its grains geometryJin et al. (2000); Kinderlehrer et al. (2002); Xin & Wong (2003). This relationship was firstly quantified by HerringHerring (1951) who found out that the surface free energy is stationary when the balance process is reached. In this way, it is possible to determine the whole interface energy by observing the geometry of a certain number of interfaces among crystals of well-known orientation. Thus, the flow of atoms ja of a system is related to the intrinsic diffusion coefficient D and the gradient of chemical potential difference between the atom and the vacancy, in accordance with the Herring equation Herring (1950).
Toward A Trustful B To B Relationship

Being trusted by the buyer has to be considered as an intangible asset that constitutes a considerable competitive advantage. To enjoy this advantage it becomes ineluctable to determine the trust’s antecedents. This survey tents to bring elements of answer for this problematic in an industrial context.The emphasis has been placed, in one side, on the importance of trust as a condition of successful relationship marketing, in the other side, on its conceptualization. Finally, and while distinguishing two targets of trust, the seller and his salesperson, an empiric verification close to electronic industrial buyers, indicate that several variables influence trust’s development towards the seller firm and its salespersons and that it (trust) can be transferred from the latter to the former.
Manton’s five vortex equations from self-duality

We demonstrate that the five vortex equations recently introduced by Manton arise as symmetry reductions of the anti-self-dual Yang–Mills equations in four dimensions. In particular the Jackiw–Pi vortex and the Ambjørn–Olesen vortex correspond to the gauge group SU(1,1), and respectively the Euclidean or the SU(2) symmetry groups acting with two-dimensional orbits. We show how to obtain vortices with higher vortex numbers, by superposing vortex equations of different types. Finally we use the kinetic energy of the Yang–Mills theory in 4 + 1 dimensions to construct a metric on vortex moduli spaces. This metric is not positive-definite in cases of non-compact gauge groups.
Preparation and Characterization of Fire Retardant Nano-Filler from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers

The possibilities of utilizing an abundantly available agricultural waste, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibers, for the development of nano-filler was investigated. The aim was to develop fire retardant nano-fillers from OPEFB fiber through grinding, chemical treatment (bromine water and SnCl2), and cryogenic crushing, followed by a high energy ball milling process. The structural, morphological, and thermal properties of nano-fillers were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The analysis revealed that the particle size distribution was reduced from micro to nano size in the range of around 14 to 100 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that the nanoparticles of OPEFB had irregular shapes. The elemental composition of the OPEFB were investigated by elemental dispersive X- ray analysis (EDX), showing the presence of tin, carbon, oxygen, chlorine, and bromine elements both before and after ball milling. Further, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that the developed nanofillers exhibited enhanced thermal properties compared to the untreated fibers. Such results suggest that the developed nano-filler can be used for the fabrication of nanocomposites with improved fire retardancy.
Corruption and Productivity Growth in OECD Countries

The study of corruption is attracting lot of attention in recent years. Focusing on the economic consequences of corruption, the empirical evidence points to a positive relation between institutional integrity, or absence of corruption, and economic growth. Although most developed countries tend to have lower corruption than less developed ones, there exists significant variation within OECD countries. As an example, it may be observed that the gap in perceived corruption between the Nordic countries and southern Europe is larger than the gap between southern Europe and the average of the emerging economies. In this context, the objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of corruption on economic performance in a sample of OECD countries during the period 1980-2000. Specifically, we study the effect of corruption on productivity and efficiency change, trying to determine whether productivity growth is greater in countries with lower corruption. To this end, different productivity measures are compared by considering both output per worker and Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Furthermore, TFP change is decomposed into efficiency change and technological progress by means of Malmquist productivity indices. On the basis of this of this decomposition we will analyze whether corruption affect TFP growth via efficiency gains or technological change, thus gaining insight into the channels through which corruption influence economic growth.