Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solid Earth Bio-chemostratigraphy of the Barremian-Aptian shallow-water carbonates of the southern Apennines ( Italy ) : pinpointing the OAE 1 a in a Tethyan carbonate platform

Low biostratigraphic resolution and lack of chronostratigraphic calibration hinder precise correlations between platform carbonates and coeval deep-water successions. These are the main obstacle when studying the record of Mesozoic oceanic anoxic events in carbonate platforms. In this paper carbon and strontium isotope stratigraphy are used to produce the first chronostratigraphic calibration of the Barremian-Aptian biostratigraphy of the Apenninic carbonate platform of southern Italy. According to this calibration, the segment of decreasing δ13C values, leading to the negative peak that is generally taken as the onset of the Selli event, starts a few metres above the last occurrence of Palorbitolina lenticularisandVoloshinoides murgensis . The following rise of δ13C values, corresponding to the interval of enhanced accumulation of organic matter in deep-water sections, ends just below the first acme of Salpingoporella dinarica, which roughly corresponds to the segment of peak δ13C values. The whole carbon isotope excursion associated with the oceanic anoxic event 1a is bracketed in the Apenninic carbonate platform between the last occurrence of Voloshinoides murgensis and the “Orbitolina level”, characterized by the association of Mesorbitolina parvaandMesorbitolina texana. Since these bioevents have been widely recognized beyond the Apenninic platform, the calibration presented in this paper can be used to pinpoint the interval corresponding to the Early Aptian oceanic anoxic event in other carbonate platforms of central and southern Tethys. This calibration will be particularly useful to interpret the record of the Selli event in carbonate platform sections for which a reliable carbon isotope stratigraphy is not available.
1. SPIROMETRIC ASSESSMENT IN A LOT OF PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS, FOLLOWING IMPLEMENTATION OF A PROGRAM FOR INCREASING OUTPATIENT USUAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL

Objectives. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive genetic disease of the caucasian race, with progressive and potentially fatal evolution. The objective of this study was to present the evolution of spirometry index in a group of patients with CF, a year after the implementation of a sustained program of outpatient physical activity. Material and method. The study design was prospective and included a group of 52 children, adolescents and young adults diagnosed with CF, found in the records of the 2nd Pediatric Clinic of Emergency Hospital from Craiova, Children's Emergency Hospital “Maria Sklodowska Curie” and the Institute for Maternal and Child, “Alfred Rusescu” (IOMC), both from Bucharest. Spirometry records (VC, FEV1, FEF25-75 and FEV1/VC) were performed at two different times: before and after implementation of sustained physical activity at home for one year. By age, patients were divided into two groups: 612 years and more than 13 years. For statistical processing we used the Student test. Results. Although all spirometric values increased after implementation of the physical activity program in both age groups, the difference was statistically significant only for FEV1, in the age group 6-12 years (p = 0.016). Also, the lower age group, we observed a decrease in the number of patients with altered lung volumes and flows. Conclusions. Increased level of the usual physical activity in patients with CF has led to slow decline in lung function and spirometry indices showed a slight improvement or remained stable throughout the study. Increase in mucociliary clearance, with significant decreases bronchial obstruction (assessed by the value of FEV1) in patients lower age suggest the need to implement such a program as early as possible to prevent or at least slow the progression of lung disease, for longer period of time, and reduce complications.
O ct 2 01 2 Localizing the Angular Momentum of Linear Gravity

In a previous article [1] we derived an energy-momentum tensor for linear gravity that exhibited positive energy-density and causal energy-flux. Here we extend this framework by localizing the angular momentum of the linearized gravitational field, deriving a gravitational spin tensor which possesses similarly desirable properties. By examining the local exchange of angular momentum (between matter and gravity) we find that gravitational intrinsic spin is localized, separately from “orbital” angular momentum, in terms of a gravitational spin tensor. This spin tensor is then uniquely determined by requiring that it obey two simple physically-motivated algebraic conditions. Firstly, the spin of an arbitrary (harmonic-gauge) gravitational plane-wave is required to flow in the direction of propagation of the wave. Secondly, the spin tensor of any transverse-traceless gravitational field is required to be traceless. (The second condition ensures that local field redefinitions suffice to cast our gravitational energy-momentum tensor and spin tensor as sources of gravity in a quadratic approximation to general relativity, and simultaneously rids the gravitational field of infinite pressure gradients). Additionally, the following properties arise in the spin tensor spontaneously: all transverse-traceless fields have purely spatial spin, and any field generated by a static distribution of matter will carry no spin at all. Following the structure of our previous paper, we then examine the (spatial) angular momentum exchanged between the gravitational field and an infinitesimal detector, and develop a microaveraging procedure that renders the process gaugeinvariant. The exchange of non-spatial angular momentum (i.e. moment-of-energy) is also analysed, leading us to conclude that a gravitational wave can displace the centre-of-mass of the detector; this conclusion is also confirmed by a “first principles” treatment of the system. Finally, we discuss the spin carried by a gravitational plane-wave.
Searching for super spreaders of information

Searching for topological markers that can predict the spreading ability of nodes is crucial for plenty of applications, including propagation of social norms, viral marketing and diffusion of innovation. However, this problem has mainly been studied with modeling on specific systems, resulting in various model-dependent identifiers. Here we address the issue of locating privileged spreaders by following the real spreading dynamics in some of the most relevant networks, ranging from blogsphere (LiveJournal), microblogs (Twitter) and online social networks (Facebook) to information dissemination communities (scientific journals). Utilizing the complete network structure and records of diffusion of the published content, we find that k-shell is an effective predictor of influence, outperforming degree and PageRank. Furthermore, in the cases when the complete global structure is unavailable, we find that the sum of the nearest neighbors’ degrees is a reliable practical proxy for user’s influence. Our analysis sheds light on optimal designs of strategies of efficient information dissemination.
UNDERSTANDING SINGULARITIES IN FREE BOUNDARY PROBLEMS

Free boundary problems are those described by PDEs that exhibit a priori unknown (free) interfaces or boundaries. The most classical example is the melting of ice to water (the Stefan problem). In this case, the free boundary is the liquid-solid interface between ice and water. A central mathematical challenge in this context is to understand the regularity and singularities of free boundaries. In this paper we provide a gentle introduction to this topic by presenting some classical results of Luis Caffarelli, as well as some important recent works due to Alessio Figalli and collaborators. Abstract. I problemi di frontiera libera sono quelli descritti da EDP che mostrano interfacce o frontiere a priori sconosciuti (liberi). L’esempio più classico è lo scioglimento del ghiaccio in acqua (problema di Stefan). In questo caso, la frontiera libera è l’interfaccia solido-liquido tra acqua e ghiaccio. Una sfida matematica centrale in questo contesto è comprendere la regolarità e le singolarità delle frontiere libere. I problemi di frontiera libera sono quelli descritti da EDP che mostrano interfacce o frontiere a priori sconosciuti (liberi). L’esempio più classico è lo scioglimento del ghiaccio in acqua (problema di Stefan). In questo caso, la frontiera libera è l’interfaccia solido-liquido tra acqua e ghiaccio. Una sfida matematica centrale in questo contesto è comprendere la regolarità e le singolarità delle frontiere libere. In questo articolo introduciamo questo argomento presentando alcuni risultati classici di Luis Caffarelli, oltre ad alcuni importanti lavori recenti dovuti ad Alessio Figalli e collaboratori. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 35R35.
Obstacle-Aware Wireless Video Sensor Network Deployment For 3D Indoor Space Monitoring

In recent years wireless video sensors networks (WVSNs) have emerged as a leading technology for monitoring 3D indoor space in campus, industrial and medical areas as well as other types of environments. In contrast to traditional sensors such as heat or light sensors often considered with omnidirectional sensing range, the sensing range of a video sensor is directional and can be deemed as a pyramid-shape in 3D. Moreover, in an indoor environment, there are often obstacles such as lamp stands or furniture, which introduce additional challenges and further render the deployment solutions for traditional sensors and 2D sensing ﬁeld inapplicable or incapable of solving the WVSN deployment problem for 3D indoor space monitoring. In this thesis, we take the ﬁrst attempt to address this by modeling the general problem in a continuous space and strive to minimize the number of required video sensors to cover the given 3D regions. We then convert it into a discrete version by incorporating 3D grids for our discrete model, which can achieve arbitrary approximation precision by adjusting the grid granularity. We also create two strategies for dealing with stationary obstacles existed in the 3D indoor space, namely, Divide and Conquer Detection strategy and Accurate Detection strategy. We propose a greedy heuristic and an enhanced Depth First Search (DFS) algorithm to solve the discrete version problem where the latter, if given enough time can return the optimal solution. We evaluate our solutions with a customized simulator that can emulate the actual WVSN deployment and 3D indoor space coverage. The evaluation results demonstrate that our greedy heuristic can reduce the required video sensors by up to 47% over a baseline algorithm, and our enhanced DFS can achieve an additional reduction of video sensors by up to 25%.
Improving a surrogate model in uncertainty quanti cation by real data ∗

Quanti cation of uncertainty of a technical system is often based on a surrogate model of a corresponding simulation model. In any application the simulation model will not describe the reality perfectly, and consequently also the surrogate model will be imperfect. In this article we show how observed data of the real technical system can be used to improve such a surrogate model, and we analyze the rate of convergence of density estimates based on the improved surrogate model. The results are illustrated by applying the estimates to simulated and real data. AMS classi cation: Primary 62G07; secondary 62P30.
Effect of Computer based Instructional Strategies in Learning Chemistry at Higher Secondary Level

-Discussing quality parameters in classroom instruction, innovation in instructional strategies plays an anchor role among other parameters. Instructional strategies should be modified to get integration of sensory inputs which intern strengthen the strong traces in Encoding process. Optimum level of Information Processing is depends only on readiness of the learner. How can we get the readiness of the learner? The Information Processing Approach applied to the study of human perceptual and cognitive activities are useful in imaging how we recognize objects and understand concepts. In higher secondary education at XIIth standard level the students felt very difficult to understand the concepts in Chemistry subjects since it is very abstract nature. Attention is to paid on the integrative efforts of Information Processing Approach, Transformation between Short Term Memory and Long Term Memory and accelerating cognitive strategies. Hence there is an urgent need on integrating approaches on Schema Building. The Instruction through Computer Based Instructional Strategies (CBIS) contribute more on sensory augmentation and leads towards perfection on Encoding Process. In these lines the investigator attempted to find out the effectiveness of Computer Based Instructional Strategies in Learning Chemistry at higher secondary level. The objective of the study is to find out the effectiveness of Computer Based Instructional Strategies in learning chemistry among the experimental group students of XII standard than the lecture dominated Traditional Method of control group. The investigator selected the Equivalent Group Experimental Design for this study. Through this study the investigator reveals that the learning through the Computer Based Instructional Strategies is more effective than the lecture dominated Traditional Method.
M ay 2 01 3 Lifting General Relativity to Observer Space

The ‘observer space’ of a Lorentzian spacetime is the space of future-timelike unit tangent vectors. Using Cartan geometry, we first study the structure a given spacetime induces on its observer space, then use this to define abstract observer space geometries for which no underlying spacetime is assumed. We propose taking observer space as fundamental in general relativity, and prove integrability conditions under which spacetime can be reconstructed as a quotient of observer space. Additional field equations on observer space then descend to Einstein’s equations on the reconstructed spacetime. We also consider the case where no such reconstruction is possible, and spacetime becomes an observer-dependent, relative concept. Finally, we discuss applications of observer space, including a geometric link between covariant and canonical approaches to gravity.
Analysis of the laccase gene family and miR397-/miR408-mediated posttranscriptional regulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza

Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicine materials. It contains important bioactive phenolic compounds, such as salvianolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Elucidation of phenolic compound biosynthesis and its regulatory mechanism is of great significance for S. miltiorrhiza quality improvement. Laccases (LACs) are multicopper-containing enzymes potentially involved in the polymerization of phenolic compounds. So far, little has been known about LAC genes in S. miltiorrhiza. Through systematic investigation of the whole genome sequence and transcriptomes of S. miltiorrhiza, we identified 65 full-length SmLAC genes (SmLAC1–SmLAC65). Phylogenetic analysis showed that 62 of the identified SmLACs clustered with LACs from Arabidopsis and Populus trichocarpa in seven clades (C1–C7), whereas the other three fell into one S. miltiorrhiza-specific clade (C8). All of the deduced SmLAC proteins contain four conserved signature sequences and three typical Cu-oxidase domains, and gene structures of most LACs from S. miltiorrhiza, Arabidopsis and P. trichocarpa were highly conserved, however SmLACs encoding C8 proteins showed distinct intron-exon structures. It suggests the conservation and diversity of plant LACs in gene structures. The majority of SmLACs exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns, indicates manifold functions of SmLACs played in S. miltiorrhiza. Analysis of high-throughput small RNA sequences and degradome data and experimental validation using the 5′ RACE method showed that 23 SmLACs were targets of Smi-miR397. Among them, three were also targeted by Smi-miR408. It suggests the significance of miR397 and miR408 in posttranscriptional regulation of SmLAC genes. Our results provide a foundation for further demonstrating the functions of SmLACs in the production of bioactive phenolic compounds in S. miltiorrhiza.
NONPARAMETRIC HIERARCHICAL BAYES VIA SEQUENTIAL IMPUTATIONS 1 By

We consider the empirical Bayes estimation of a distribution using binary data via the Dirichlet process. Let D α denote a Dirichlet process with α being a finite measure on 0;1. Instead of having direct samples from an unknown random distribution F from D α, we assume that only indirect binomial data are observable. This paper presents a new interpretation of Lo’s formula, and thereby relates the predictive density of the observations based on a Dirichlet process model to likelihoods of much simpler models. As a consequence, the log-likelihood surface, as well as the maximum likelihood estimate of c = α0;1, is found when the shape of α is assumed known, together with a formula for the Fisher information evaluated at the estimate. The sequential imputation method of Kong, Liu and Wong is recommended for overcoming computational difficulties commonly encountered in this area. The related approximation formulas are provided. An analysis of the tack data of Beckett and Diaconis, which motivated this study, is supplemented to illustrate our methods.
A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF FANS’ TWEETS: THE CASE OF FOREIGN CRICKETERS IN PAKISTAN SUPER LEAGUE UN ANÁLISIS DE CONTENIDO DE LOS TWEETS DE LOS FANÁTICOS: EL CASO DE LOS JUGADORES DE CRÍQUET EXTRANJEROS EN PSL

Researchers have agreed upon the importance of social media in regard to establishing athlete brands. In this sense, Twitter is a very important example of social media which represents fans’ perspectives about their favorite (or least favorite) athletes and provides solid fan feedback, which can be helpful in the context of image branding for an athlete. The current study has employed a qualitative content analysis of Twitter users during Pakistan Super League (PSL). The tweets were collected during the 2017 edition of PSL. Data containing #HBLPSL and #PSL was collected and tweets with names of foreign athletes were selected from more than 38,000 tweets. Findings from this study suggested that fans’ tweets about athletes could be separated into two major categories: 1) fan related motives and 2) athlete’ related motives. Fan related motives included sharing: information, visuals, predictions and feedback regarding certain athletes. Athlete’ related motives included: athlete performance, style of celebration and athlete comments. Results of the current study have highlighted the motives that persuaded fans to tweet about a certain athlete during the PSL.
On the Directivity of Acoustic Waves Generated by the Angle Beam Wedge Actuator in Thin Walled Structures

The paper is aimed to develop an improved acoustic-based Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques, which provide the waves directivity emitting by the angle-beam wedge actuators in the thin-walled structures made of plastic materials and polymeric composites. Our investigation includes the dispersive analysis of the waves that can be excited in the studied plastic panel. Its results allowed to find two kinds of the generated acoustic waves - anti-symmetric Lamb waves A0 and shear horizontally polarized SH waves SS0. The bounds of the chosen frequency range for the experimental and numerical studies were accepted as a compromise between the desire to obtain high defects resolution by generating short waves, their adjustable directivity and maximum propagation length. The finite element model for the transducer was built by using the results of actuator structure experimental study. The frequency response functions for the actuator current and oscillation amplitude of the footprint surface demonstrated good agreement. The found eigenfrequencies of actuator's structure were used for the numerical and experimental study of the Lamb and SH wave generation and propagation in a thin-walled plastic panel. Our results convincingly demonstrated the satisfactory directivity of the actuated waves at their excitation on the frequencies that corresponded to the natural modes of the actuator oscillation. The authors assume that an efficient use of the proposed technique for other analyzed quasi-isotropic materials and applied actuators can be provided by a preliminary research using the similar approach and methods presented in this article.
INVESTIGATIONS OF SIZE EFFECT IN CONCRETE DURING SPLITTING USING DEM CPMBINED WITH X-RAY MICRO-CT SCANS

A size effect is a fundamental phenomenon in concrete materials. It denotes that both the nominal structural strength and material brittleness always decrease with increasing element size under tension. The objective of the paper is to investigate a mechanical size effect in plain concrete. The focus was on meso-structural phenomena contributing to different failure modes in the postpeak region. The experimental programme was carried out on concrete specimens of the diameter D=74, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm during tensile splitting. The strength and ductility of specimens decreased with increasing specimen diameter. The concrete meso-structure was determined with the very advanced x-ray micro-tomography system and was next implemented into numerical calculations. The size effect calculations were performed for all experimental concrete specimens with the three-dimensional spherical discrete element model YADE. Concrete was depicted as a four-phase composite material including aggregate, cement matrix, interfacial transition zones (ITZs) and macro-voids. 2D and 3D calculations were performed. The process of microand macrocracking was studied in detail for three various failure modes, including the quasi-brittle, brittle and snap-back behaviour. The macroscopic stress-CMOD curves and shapes of cracks were directly compared with the laboratory test outcomes. The evolutions of broken contacts, normal and tangential displacements were elaborated at the aggregate level.
C.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Mayıs 2008 Cilt: 32 No:1, 1–16 STRAIN, SOCIAL BONDING THEORIES AND DELINQUENCY

The study simultaneously examines both strain and social bonding theories, first, to show which theory has a more explanatory role, and second to demonstrate whether social bonding theory mediates between the link between strain and delinquency by using a sample of adolescents in Ankara. Although these issues are not new in the western criminology literature, this study is the first to test two ‘competing’ major theories in relation to these issues in criminology in Turkey. The findings reveal that social bonding variables play a more important role than strain variables, and social bonding variables fully mediate the relationship between strain variables and delinquency.