Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice about Evidence-Based Practice: A Jordanian Study

Background: Evidence-based practice has become a worldwide concern for healthcare staff and administrators as well as researchers. Evidence-based practice has been considered as critical element to improve quality of health services and achieving excellence in patient care. The implementation of Evidence-based practice in clinical environments has been challenging. One of the most important barriers to implement Evidence-based practice is knowledge deficit. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe Jordanian nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding evidence-based practice. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in seven major hospitals in Amman/ Jordan. Five hundred nurses answered a self-reported questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the data. Results: Attitudes toward Evidence –Based Practice had the highest mean followed by the knowledge/skills and finally the practice. Female nurses practice research less, have less positive attitude, and less knowledge about research compared to male nurses. Nurses with MSc degree, working in ICU and private hospitals have more positive attitude, reported higher levels of knowledge and skills compared to nurses with BSc, nurses working in other units, and nurses working in ministry of health and Royal Medical Service respectively. Conclusion: Ongoing education for nurses and minimizing barriers are recommended to promote the use of Evidence –Based Practice in Jordan.
Animal Welfare and the Statistical Consultant

Abstract Animal welfare considerations and regulations serve to ensure that experimental animals are used wisely while minimizing stress. Substantial impacts on the use of animals in experiments have resulted, thereby increasing the challenges for designing studies and analyzing data to provide valid inferences. Statisticians should become more indispensable for involvement in study design (including Animal Care and Use Committees), application of appropriate analyses, prudent interpretation of results, and the development of new statistical techniques to meet these needs.
Cross-Site Search Attacks Technical Report

Cross-site search (XS-search) attacks circumvent the sameorigin policy and extract sensitive information, by using the time it takes for the browser to receive responses to search queries. This side-channel is usually considered impractical, due to the limited attack duration and high variability of delays. This may be true for naive XS-search attacks; however, we show that the use of better tools facilitates effective XS-search attacks, exposing information efficiently and precisely. We present and evaluate three types of tools: (1) appropriate statistical tests, (2) amplification of the timing side-channel, by ‘inflating’ communication or computation, and (3) optimized, tailored divide-and-conquer algorithms, to identify terms from large ‘dictionaries’. These techniques may be applicable in other scenarios. We implemented and evaluated the attacks against the popular Gmail and Bing services, in several environments and ethical experiments, taking careful, IRB-approved measures to avoid exposure of personal information.
Correlates of Depression at Baseline Among African Americans Enrolled in Cardiac Rehabilitation

PURPOSE To compare baseline psychosocial characteristics of African Americans entering phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation who have depression symptoms at or above threshold (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale [CES-D] score ≥16) with those who do not (CES-D score <16). METHODS A nonrandom sample of 112 men and women (n = 78 without depression, n = 34 with depression) was recruited through local phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation programs. Data were obtained by a structured interview and brief physical examination using several reliable and valid instruments. Chi-square tests, Kruskal-Wallis 2-sample tests, Spearman rank correlation coefficients, and logistic regression models were used for analyses. RESULTS We found that 30% of the participants were above the depression symptom threshold. Demographic characteristics were not significantly different between individuals at or above threshold and those below threshold. However, depressed individuals above threshold were more likely to be dissatisfied with their neighborhoods (P = .01) and had lower optimism scores (P < .0001), higher stress scores (P < .0001), lower adaptive coping scores (P = .05), and higher problematic coping scores (P < .01) than their counterparts who were below threshold. In the logistic regression model, the odds of being above the depression symptom threshold increased with stress (P < .001) and decreased with optimism (P = .03); none of the other psychosocial characteristics had an independent effect on depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS At baseline, African Americans starting phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation with depression symptoms at or above threshold had more stress and fewer stress resilience factors. Assessing depression and stress resilience factors is important and may lead to more active participation in cardiac rehabilitation once enrolled, as well as optimal cardiovascular health outcomes.
In vivo expression and antitumor activity of p53 gene transfer with naked plasmid DNA in an ovarian cancer xenograft model in nude mice

Introduction: Abnormalities in the p53 and p16 tumor suppressor genes are one of the most common occurrences associated with human neoplasia. Consequently, restoration of wild‐type p53 or p16 functions is seen as a particularly promising approach for cancer gene therapy. In vitro and in vivo data have demonstrated that virus‐mediated p53 gene transfer can induce active cell death and ovarian tumor regression.
Differential Effect of Pretransplant Blood Transfusions on Immune Effector and Regulatory Compartments in HLA-Sensitized and Nonsensitized Recipients

Background. Blood transfusion (BT) may elicit both harmful and beneficial immune responses against a subsequent organ graft. Immune parameters of a single, nonleukocyte-depleted BT were investigated in two groups: non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-sensitized recipients with a one-HLA-DR matched donor (protocolled BT [PBT]) and females with previous exposure to HLA alloantigens through pregnancy (donor-specific transfusion [DST]). Methods. Thirty-five percent of DST recipients and 9.5% of PBT recipients developed HLA antibodies after BT. Phenotypic and functional analyses were performed in pre-BT, 2 weeks post-BT, and more than 10 weeks post-BT samples (PBT: n=10; DST: n=14). Result. The number of donor-reactive interferon-&ggr;–producing memory T cells increased 2 weeks post-BT, but only in the DST group, increased frequencies persisted beyond 10 weeks (P<0.004). In the DST recipients, the proportion of natural killer cells (CD3−CD56+) significantly increased after BT (P=0.01), whereas in PBT recipients, the proportion of regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+CD127low) significantly increased at 2 weeks post-BT (P=0.039). Microarray analysis confirmed increased activity of genes involved in function of natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells in DST recipients and increased expression of immune regulatory genes (galectin-1, Foxo3a, and follistatin-like 3) in PBT recipients. Galectin-1 expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction was significantly enhanced in peripheral blood cells after PBT (P<0.05). Conclusion. Decreased immune effector mechanisms combined with an increased immune regulatory cell signature after HLA-DR-matched BT in nonsensitized patients is in line with clinical observations of improved outcome of a subsequent graft. Previous sensitization, however, may lead to HLA antibody formation and prolonged donor-specific memory T-cell reactivity after BT.
No influence of the P-glycoprotein genotype (MDR1 C3435T) on plasma levels of lopinavir and efavirenz during antiretroviral treatment.

BACKGROUND In a retrospective study of HIV patients under antiretroviral therapy, we investigated the influence of the MDR1 genotype (C3435T) on plasma levels of lopinavir (LPV) and efavirenz (EFV). METHODS The MDR1 genotype was analysed from 67 patients who were treated with LPV (n = 32; mean treatment period 53 weeks) and/or EFV (n = 43, mean treatment period 105 weeks) between 1999 and 2003. Plasma levels of LPV (trough levels) and EFV (12-h-levels) were determined every three months. Data were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the LPV and EFV plasma levels with respect to the MDR1 3435 genotype. CONCLUSIONS We did not find evidence for an influence of the MDR1 3435 genotype on plasma levels of LPV and EFV.
HLA Class I and Class II Genotyping in Patients with Chronic Urticaria

Objectives: Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common disease in which pathogenesis is unclear and which is resistant to therapy. Recent investigations have indicated that autoimmunity plays a role in nearly one third of CU patients. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II antigens and immune pathogenesis of CU. Methods: HLA class I and class II antigens were investigated in 40 patients diagnosed with CU, utilizing serologic techniques and polymerase chain reactions. The study was performed between October 2005 and May 2006. Further HLA typing in patient subsets was done depending on the response of patients to intradermal injection of autologous serum. About 30 healthy and genetically unrelated individuals formed the control group for evaluation. Results: The results revealed that HLA-B44 frequency was significantly higher (25%) in the patient group as compared with the matched control group (3.33%) (p = 0.033, OR = 9.667). There was no significant difference in HLA-A allelic distribution between the patient and control groups. In the genotyping of class II HLA alleles, HLA-DRB1*01 (25%) (p = 0.033, OR = 9.667) and HLA-DRB*15 (25%) (p = 0.033, OR = 9.667) were predominant alleles in the patient group. Conclusion: The association ofHLA-B44, HLA-DRB1*01 and HLA-DRB*15 alleles with idiopathic CU suggests that there is a genetic component in the pathogenesis of CU.
Class ificat ion of Clear-Cel l Sarcoma as a Subtype of Melanoma by Genomic Profil ing

Purpose: To develop a genome-based classification scheme for clear-cell sarcoma (CCS), also known as melanoma of soft parts (MSP), which would have implications for diagnosis and treatment. This tumor displays characteristic features of soft tissue sarcoma (STS), including deep soft tissue primary location and a characteristic translocation, t(12; 22)(q13;q12), involving EWS and ATF1 genes. CCS/MSP also has typical melanoma features, including immunoreactivity for S100 and HMB45, pigmentation, MITF-M expression, and a propensity for regional lymph node metastases. Materials and Methods: RNA samples from 21 cell lines and 60 pathologically confirmed cases of STS, melanoma, and CCS/MSP were examined using the U95A GeneChip (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). Hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and support vector machine (SVM) analysis exploited genomic correlations within the data to classify CCS/MSP. Results: Unsupervised analyses demonstrated a clear distinction between STS and melanoma and, furthermore, showed that CCS/MSP cluster with the melanomas as a distinct group. A supervised SVM learning approach further validated this finding and provided a user-independent approach to diagnosis. Genes of interest that discriminate CCS/MSP included those encoding melanocyte differentiation antigens, MITF, SOX10, ERBB3, and FGFR1. Conclusion: Gene expression profiles support the classification of CCS/MSP as a distinct genomic subtype of melanoma. Analysis of these gene profiles using the SVM may be an important diagnostic tool. Genomic analysis identified potential targets for the development of therapeutic strategies in the treatment of this disease. J Clin Oncol 21:1775-1781. © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Sexual communication between breeding male and female cotton‐top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), and its relationship to infant care

Male cotton‐top tamarins have been shown to be responsive to female scent cues of ovulation, and are known to actively participate in infant care during the time when their mates are fertile. We measured urinary androgen levels and glucocorticoids in seven father tamarins for the first month following the birth of infants to determine 1) whether male tamarins showed an androgen response to their mate's postpartum ovulation, 2) when androgens rise relative to ovulation, 3) whether there is a glucocorticoid response, and 4) whether males alter their parenting behavior during their mate's receptive period. All of the males showed a significant increase in urinary androgens prior to the female's postpartum LH peak, which indicated ovulation. The hormonal increase, which included estradiol, occurred 3–7 days prior to the female's LH peak at a time that coincided with the female's follicular period. Corticosterone levels also peaked during that time, but did not correlate with androgen changes. Fathers did not alter their daily infant‐carrying patterns relative to the androgen increase or at the time of the mate's LH peak. We conclude that male cotton‐top tamarins experience an increase in androgens that coincides with their mate's postpartum ovulation, which ensures optimal fertility. However, this sexual communication does not alter father–infant interactions, which already occur at a high rate in this species. Am. J. Primatol. 64:57–69, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic wall modeling for large-eddy simulation of complex turbulent flows

The efficacy of large-eddy simulation (LES) with wall modeling for complex turbulent flows is assessed by considering turbulent boundary-layer flows past an asymmetric trailing-edge. Wall models based on turbulent boundary-layer equations and their simpler variants are employed to compute the instantaneous wall shear stress, which is used as approximate boundary conditions for the LES. It is demonstrated that, as first noted by Cabot and Moin [Flow Turb. Combust. 63, 269 (2000)], when a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes type eddy viscosity is used in the wall-layer equations with nonlinear convective terms, its value must be reduced to account for only the unresolved part of the Reynolds stress. A dynamically adjusted mixing-length eddy viscosity is used in the turbulent boundary-layer equation model, which is shown to be considerably more accurate than the simpler wall models based on the instantaneous log law. This method predicts low-order velocity statistics in good agreement with those from the full LE.
The impact of group play therapy on creativity and control of aggression in preschool children

Abstract The main purpose of conducting this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group play therapy in preschool children’s creativity and aggression control. The research method was experimental along with pretest–posttest design in control group. The sample of study included all preschool students of Dehloran town with a total number of 60 students from preschool students that (30 subjects in experimental group and 30 subjects in control group) were selected by multistage random cluster sampling. The research instruments were Torrance’s creativity questionnaire and aggressiveness questionnaire of Shahim. Their reliability and validity have been confirmed and to analyze the findings, covariance analysis test was used. The major findings of the research indicate that group play therapy in preschool children’s creativity and aggression has a significant effect on the level of 0.01 and it enhances creativity and reduces aggression in preschool children.
Experimental and DFT investigation of (Cr,Ti)3AlC2 MAX phases stability

ABSTRACT Using a synergistic combination of experimental and computational methods, we shed light on the unusual solubility of (Cr,Ti)3AlC2 MAX phase, showing that it may accommodate Cr only at very low concentrations (<2 at%) or at the exact Cr/(Cr + Ti) ratio of 2/3, even when the ratio of reactants is far from this stoichiometry (1/2 ≤ Cr/(Cr + Ti) ≤ 5/6). In both phases, Cr exclusively occupies the 4f sites, bridging carbide layers with the Al layer. Despite this, the peculiar stability of (Cr2/3Ti1/3)3AlC2 is attributed to the formation of strong, spin-polarized Cr–C bonds, which result in volume reduction and a marked increase in c/a ratio. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT IMPACT STATEMENT Solubility of Cr and Ti in (Cr,Ti)3AlC2 was investigated using experimental and DFT techniques. It was also determined that (Cr2/3Ti1/3)3AlC2 owe its remarkable stability to the formation strong Cr–C bonds.
GMSK with Frequency-Selective Rayleigh Fading and Cochannel Interference

The author derives a formula for error probability of partial-response continuous-phase modulation with differential phase detector and limiter discriminator detector in a multipath Rayleigh fading channel, taking into account frequency-selective fading, cochannel interference, Doppler frequency shift, and additive Gaussian noise while the receiver rejects a specified amount of adjacent channel interference. A formula for the error floor is also presented. Numerical results are presented for Gaussian minimum shift keying with a premodulation normalized filter bandwidth of 0.25. Under mild channel conditions and low energy-to-noise ratios, the best detector is an optimized two-bit differential detection; otherwise the best detector is the limiter discriminator detector. >
Increased parental age and number of pregnancies in Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber syndrome

The Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber syndrome (KTWS) is generally thought to occur sporadically, following a somatic mutation model. However, in some cases, clinical manifestations of the syndrome have been found in family members, suggesting an autosomal dominant inheritance. Here we present an epidemiological analysis of a consecutive series of cases with KTWS identified in the Spanish Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECEMC). We found an increase in parental age and in the number of pregnancies, as well as familial occurrence of haemangiomas. These observations suggest a genetic contribution to the occurrence of KTWS.
Mechanical Properties of Biomaterials Based on Calcium Phosphates and Bioinert Oxides for Applications in Biomedicine

Calcium phosphates (CaP) have been sought as biomaterials for reconstruction of bone defect in maxillofacial, dental and orthopaedic applications [1-31]. Calcium phosphates have been used clinically to repair bone defects for many years. Calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp), fluorapatite (Ca10(PO4)6F2, FAp), tricalci‐ um phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2, TCP), TCP-HAp composites and TCP-FAp composites are used for medical and dental applications [3, 10-29]. In general, this concept is determined by advantageous balances of more stable (frequent by hydroxyapatite or fluorapatite) and more resorbable (typically tricalcium phosphate) phases of calcium phosphates, while the optimum ratios depend on the particular applications. The complete list of known calci‐ um phosphates, including their major properties (such, the chemical formula, solubility data) is given in Table 1. The detailed information about calcium phosphates, their syn‐ thesis, structure, chemistry, other properties and biomedical applications have been com‐ prehensively reviewed recently in reference [24].
Selective reaching: evidence for action-centered attention.

Most studies of selective attention briefly present static 2-dimensional stimuli and require arbitrary responses such as verbal naming or a keypress. Many of our perceptual-motor interactions with the environment, however, require reaching directly toward an object while ignoring other objects in the scene. A series of experiments examines selective attention in the latter reaching situation. Effects previously observed in the traditional experimental procedures were obtained, suggesting that the models developed (which propose inhibitory mechanisms, e.g.) apply to ecologically valid situations. Attention accesses action-centered internal representations during such tasks.
Anatomical MRI Abnormalities in Bipolar Disorder: Do They Exist and Do They Progress?

Aim: Morphometric brain imaging studies have revealed regional brain abnormalities in patients with bipolar disorder, which may play a role in illness pathophysiology. It is not known whether such changes are of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, or combined origin. We reviewed the anatomical brain imaging literature in bipolar disorder, in an attempt to determine whether there is evidence to suggest that such abnormalities are progressive. Method: Literature searches were conducted using MEDLINE for the period from 1966 to June 2004, using specific key words; bipolar disorder and the names of the individual brain structures. Papers were selected according to their salience in relation to whether reported changes are progressive. Results: Available findings suggest reduced grey matter in prefrontal brain regions such as anterior cingulate and subgenual prefrontal cortex, and abnormalities in amygdala size in adult and paediatric bipolar patients. White matter hyperintensities, which are non-specific abnormalities, are also common in bipolar patients. Bipolar patients may lose more brain grey matter by ageing. There is also evidence for impaired myelination of the corpus callosum in bipolar disorder. Lithium may reverse or prevent grey matter prefrontal cortex abnormalities in bipolar patients by its neuroprotective effects. Conclusions: Both early developmental and later neurodegenerative processes may play a role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Findings from anatomical brain imaging studies implicate key regions involved in mood regulation. The evidence for the progressive nature of this illness is tentative, as no follow-up study with bipolar patients has been reported to this date.
Guarantees of Riemannian Optimization for Low Rank Matrix Recovery

We establish theoretical recovery guarantees of a family of Riemannian optimization algorithms for low rank matrix recovery, which is about recovering an $m\times n$ rank $r$ matrix from $p < mn$ number of linear measurements. The algorithms are first interpreted as iterative hard thresholding algorithms with subspace projections. Based on this connection, we show that provided the restricted isometry constant $R_{3r}$ of the sensing operator is less than $C_\kappa /\sqrt{r}$, the Riemannian gradient descent algorithm and a restarted variant of the Riemannian conjugate gradient algorithm are guaranteed to converge linearly to the underlying rank $r$ matrix if they are initialized by one step hard thresholding. Empirical evaluation shows that the algorithms are able to recover a low rank matrix from nearly the minimum number of measurements necessary.