Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Methoxyflurane Biotransformation with Reference to Substrate Inhibition

The kinetics of biotransformation of methoxyflurane by rat hepatic microsomes in vitro was studied. The rate or biotransformation as measured by analysis of metabolites continued to increase even at near-saturation concentrations of the anesthetic. Methoxyflurane biotransformation followed either an unbounded curve with empirical formula y = a ln(bx + I) or an asymptotic curve with formula y = x/ax+b No substrate inhibition was observed, Total fluoride Vmax of 135.1 mμmol F-/mg protein/30‘ was increased to 931.9 by phenobarbital induction: free fluoride Vmax from 39.2 to 403.2. Thus, enzyme induction shifted biotransformation to the production of greater amounts of inorganic free fluoride metabolites than organic fluoride-contaning metabolites, Phenobarbital induction caused qualitative as well as quantitative alteration in the biotransformation of methoxyflurane.
Surgical Management of Cholangiocarcinoma

Biliary tract cancer affects approximately 7500 Americans each year. Tumors arising from the gallbladder are the most common; those of bile duct origin, or cholangiocarcinoma, are less frequently encountered, constituting approximately 2% of all reported cancers. Although cholangiocarcinoma can arise anywhere within the biliary tree, tumors involving the biliary confluence (i.e., hilar cholangiocarcinoma) represent the majority, accounting for 40 to 60% of all cases. Twenty to 30% of cholangiocarcinomas originate in the lower bile duct, and approximately 10% arise within the intrahepatic biliary tree and will present as an intrahepatic mass. Complete resection remains the most effective and only potentially curative therapy for cholangiocarcinoma. For all patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and nearly all patients with hilar tumors, complete resection requires a major partial hepatectomy. Distal cholangiocarcinomas, on the other hand, are treated like all periampullary malignancies and typically require pancreaticoduodenectomy. Most patients with cholangiocarcinoma present with advanced disease that is not amenable to surgical treatment, and even with a complete resection, recurrence rates are high. Adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy and radiation therapy) has not been shown clearly to reduce recurrence risk.
Correlation between Soluble Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Renal Failure

Aim: Damage to the endothelium is an important component of atherosclerosis. It has been suggested to be quantified by measuring plasma markers, such as von Willebrand factor and thrombomodulin and soluble adhesion molecules. We hypothesized there may exist a correlation between the plasma levels of von Willebrand factor and thrombomodulin as markers of endothelial cell dysfunction and the serum concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in patients with renal insufficiency, and in patients on peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis since these three groups of kidney patients are highly prone to develop cardiovascular diseases. Results: The concentrations of von Willebrand factor and thrombomodulin in plasma were significantly higher in patients with kidney diseases as compared to healthy subjects (p = 0.017 and p < 0.001, respectively). The patients also had significantly higher concentrations of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and MCP-1 compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). There were strong correlations between the concentration of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and von Willebrand factor in patients with kidney failure (r = 0.63, p < 0.001) and between the concentration of thrombomodulin and sVCAM-1 (r = 0.61, p < 0.001). Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between the concentration of thrombomodulin and the cell surface expression of CD11b on monocytes and granulocytes in the peripheral circulation (p < 0.01 in both cases). Conclusion: The strong correlation between markers of endothelial dysfunction and soluble adhesion molecules in patients with renal insufficiency and on dialysis strengthen the view that an ongoing stress on endothelial cells is present in this group of patients. This may play a pathophysiological role in the development of cardiovascular disease.
The Effects of Walking Speed on Adult Multi-segment Foot Kinematics

It has recently been shown that gait speed has an effect on multi-segment foot kinematics. To increase our understanding of these effects, it is critical to compare and develop a database of walking speed ranges. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of walking speed on multi-segment foot kinematics. A 12-camera Vicon motion capture system was used to collect kinematic data on 22 participants (mean age: 23 ± 2.6 years). Participants were asked to walk at 5 gait speeds; very slow, slow, free, fast, and very fast. Across speeds, significant differences were found in all absolute angles, 6 of 9 relative mean maximum angles, 11 of 13 timing to the maximum angles, and all temporal-spatial variables analysed. These findings suggest that clinical gait data that uses multi-segment foot models should be matched to a control group walking at a similar speed.
Type Me the Truth!: Detecting Deceitful Users via Keystroke Dynamics

In this paper, we propose a novel method, based on keystroke dynamics, to distinguish between fake and truthful personal information written via a computer keyboard. Our method does not need any prior knowledge about the user who is providing data. To our knowledge, this is the first work that associates the typing human behavior with the production of lies regarding personal information. Via experimental analysis involving 190 subjects, we assess that this method is able to distinguish between truth and lies on specific types of autobiographical information, with an accuracy higher than 75%. Specifically, for information usually required in online registration forms (e.g., name, surname and email), the typing behavior diverged significantly between truthful or untruthful answers. According to our results, keystroke analysis could have a great potential in detecting the veracity of self-declared information, and it could be applied to a large number of practical scenarios requiring users to input personal data remotely via keyboard.
Proximal tubular adenomas of kidney with so‐called oncocytic features. A clinicopathologic study of 13 cases of a rarely reported neoplasm

Four renal “oncocytomas” were observed between July 1974 and January 1975 at University Hospital. A review of all renal cell neoplasms previously classified as carcinomas since 1952 was conducted to determine whether this cluster of tumors represented a recent increase in incidence or whether other renal “oncocytomas” had gone unrecognized in the past. The 23‐year review of 194 carcinomas yielded an additional nine “oncocytomas. ” None had appeared prior to 1964, whereas almost half were found in the 1973–1975 interval alone. While it appears that some “oncocytomas” of the kidney have gone unrecognized in the past, it is also evident that their recent increased incidence is epidemiologically significant. Renal “oncocytomas” and renal cell carcinomas are compared with respect to morphology, clinical presentation, and biologic behavior. Evidence derived from this comparison permits the conclusion that these neoplasms originate from proximal tubular epithelium, are benign clinicopathologic entities, and henceforth should be called proximal tubular adenomas with so‐called “oncocytic” features.
A 152mW Mobille Multimedia SoC with Fully Programmable 3D Graphics and MPEG4/H.264/JPEG

We present a 152 mW multimedia SoC with MPEG4 codec, H.264 decoder, JPEG codec and fully programmable 3D graphics for mobile applications. The unified shader in 3D graphics engine provides fully programmable 3D graphics with 35% area and 28% power reduction. Logarithmic lighting engine and the specialized lighting instruction give 9.1Mvertices/s vertex fill rate. The merged JPEG/MPEG4 codec and the unified shader reduce the silicon area further and the SoC consumes 6.4 mm times 6.4 mm in 0.13 mum CMOS logic process.
Inactivation of murine leukemia virus by compounds that react with the zinc finger in the viral nucleocapsid protein

All retroviral nucleocapsid (NC) proteins, except those of spumaretroviruses, contain one or two copies of the conserved sequence motif C-X2-C-X4-H-X4-C. The conserved cysteine and histidine residues coordinate a zinc ion in each such motif. Rice et al. (W. G. Rice, J. G. Supko, L. Malspeis, R. W. Buckheit, Jr., D. Clanton, M. Bu, L. Graham, C. A. Schaeffer, J. A. Turpin, J. Domagala, R. Gogliotti, J. P. Bader, S. M. Halliday, L. Coren, R. C. Sowder II, L. 0. Arthur, and L. E. Henderson, Science 270:1194-1197, 1995) have described a series of compounds which inactivate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles and oxidize the cysteine thiolates in the NC zinc finger. We have characterized the effects of three such compounds on Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV). We find that, as with HIV-1, the compounds inactivate cell-free MuLV particles and induce disulfide cross-linking of NC in these particles. The killed MuLV particles were found to be incapable of synthesizing full-length viral DNA upon infection of a new host cell. When MuLV particles are synthesized in the presence of one of these compounds, the normal maturational cleavage of the Gag polyprotein does not occur. The compounds have no effect on the infectivity of human foamy virus, a spumaretrovirus lacking zinc fingers in its NC protein. The resistance of foamy virus supports the hypothesis that the zinc fingers are the targets for inactivation of MuLV and HIV- I by the compounds. The absolute conservation of the zinc finger motif among oncoretroviruses and lentiviruses and the lethality of all known mutations altering the zinc-binding residues suggest that only the normal, wild-type structure can efficiently perform all of its functions. This possibility would make the zinc finger an ideal target for antiretroviral agents.
Impact of Social and Physical Infrastructure on Agricultural Productivity in Punjab, Pakistan-A Production Function Approach

In agricultural based countries, public investment on rural infrastructure not only increases agricultural productivity but also reduces poverty. This study attempted to quantify the impact of public infrastructure (both social and physical) investment on total factor productivity (TFP) in Punjab, Pakistan using the multivariate CobbDouglas production function for the period 19702005. The results showed that public investment on physical infrastructure (rural roads, village electrification and irrigation) and social infrastructure (rural education and rural health) have contributed significantly and positively to TFP. The study suggested that more resources should be diverted towards the development of physical and social infrastructure that will enhance the agricultural productivity as well as reduce the rural poverty.
EFFECT OF THALIDOMIDE ON SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS AND SECONDARY DAMAGE IN EXPERIMENTAL SPINAL CORD TRAUMA

TNF-&agr; seems to play a central role in the inflammatory process of spinal cord injury. We tested the neuroprotective effects of thalidomide, an immunomodulatory agent that inhibits TNF-&agr; production, which have not been investigated so far. The aim of our study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of thalidomide in an experimental model of spinal cord trauma, which was induced by the application of vascular clips (force of 24 g) to the dura via a 4-level T5 to T8 laminectomy. Spinal cord injury in mice resulted in severe trauma characterized by edema, neutrophil infiltration, and cytokine production that is followed by recruitment of other inflammatory cells, production of a range of inflammation mediators, tissue damage, apoptosis, and disease. Thalidomide treatment significantly reduced the degree of: 1) spinal cord inflammation and tissue injury (histological score); 2) neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase evaluation); 3) iNOS, nitrotyrosine, lipid peroxidation, and cytokine expression (TNF-&agr; and IL-1&bgr;); 4) apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated UTP end labeling staining, and Bax and Bcl-2 expression); and 5) nuclear factor-&kgr;B activation. In a separate set of experiments, we have also clearly demonstrated that thalidomide significantly ameliorated the recovery of limb function (evaluated by motor recovery score). Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that treatment with thalidomide reduces the development of inflammation and tissue injury events associated with spinal cord trauma.
Differences in repeated psychiatric examinations of litigants to a lawsuit.

Repeated psychiatric examinations of 42 litigants were compared to determine reasons for differences in findings by experts hired by the defendant and by the plaintiffs. The lawsuit resulted from the collapse of a coal slag heap in Buffalo Creek, W. Va. , in 1972. All psychiatric reports prepared for the trial were screened. Experts for the two sides differed systematically over the extent of recovery from psychiatric symptoms and in other areas. Changes in the plaintiffs' mental statuses over time are shown not to be the cause. Extraneous factors, such as "forensic identification," the subtle influence of adversarial proceedings on initially neutral witnesses, are shown to play a part.
Task and postural factors are related to back pain in helicopter pilots.

BACKGROUND A previous survey by Shear et al. revealed a high prevalence of back pain in Royal Navy helicopter aircrew, compared with controls. It was recommended that a second survey be undertaken, taking account of flying tasks and cockpit ergonomics. This was the purpose of the present investigation. METHOD A questionnaire containing items on back pain and posture was circulated to all 246 acting pilots, with returns of 75%. The questionnaire sought information on pain in both the flying pilot and co-pilot/instructor roles. RESULTS The 12-mo prevalence of back pain was 80%. Task-related back pain was greatest in instrument flying (72%) and least in the co-pilot and instructor roles (24%). Self-ratings of posture indicated that forward flexed trunk postures predominated in the flying roles and were most extreme in instrument flying. In non-flying roles, symmetrical, reclining postures were more often reported. No demographic or psychosocial variables were significantly related to back pain prevalence or disability. CONCLUSIONS Much of the back pain experienced by helicopter pilots appears to be due to the posture needed to operate the cyclic and collective controls. In instrument flying, it is suggested that the visual demands of scanning the displays may exacerbate the pain by causing the pilot to lean further forward.
Derivation of the mammalian skull vault

This review describes the evolutionary history of the mammalian skull vault as a basis for understanding its complex structure. Current information on the developmental tissue origins of the skull vault bones (mesoderm and neural crest) is assessed for mammals and other tetrapods. This information is discussed in the context of evolutionary changes in the proportions of the skull vault bones at the sarcopterygiantetrapod transition. The dual tissue origin of the skull vault is considered in relation to the molecular mechanisms underlying osteogenic cell proliferation and differentiation in the sutural growth centres and in the proportionate contributions of different sutures to skull growth.
Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum associated with adipsic hypernatremia and hypothalamic hypogonadotropinism: A case report and review of the literature

recurrent episodes of severe hypernatremia associated with a lack of thirst. In all previous carefully evaluated cases, hypodipsia has been associated with a defect in secretion of the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin (AVP). This suggests that the syndrome is due to an impaired function of the hypothalamic osmoreceptors that regulate thirst and AVP secretion.1–3 Adipsic hypernatremia has been observed in association with a variety of intracranial pathologies, mostly in or around the hypothalamus.2,3 Only rarely has this syndrome been associated with congenital defects of the corpus callosum. We studied a patient who presented with an unusual complex of symptoms including episodic muscle weakness, persistent hypernatremia and hypogonadotropinism associated with hypoplastic corpus callosum.
Antecedents of customer satisfaction in mobile commerce: Exploring the moderating effect of customization

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine statistically significant drivers of customer satisfaction in mobile commerce and to test the moderating effects of customization on the relationships between customer satisfaction and its predictors. Design/methodology/approach The sample comprised 224 respondents. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the validity of the model, and moderated regression analysis was applied to determine main and interaction effects. Findings Trust, perceived usefulness, mobility, and perceived enjoyment were found to be significant drivers of customer satisfaction. The results also indicate the statistical significance of two interaction effects: customization moderates the influence of mobility and the influence of trust on customer satisfaction. Research limitations/implications The study was conducted in a single time period and in a developing country where m-commerce is still not widely used. Future models should include new variables. Comparison between different age or gender groups would also be useful. Practical implications The findings are useful for m-commerce providers who are developing marketing campaigns, where the focus should be on promoting the mobility aspect of m-commerce, in particular its usefulness to consumers and its security. M-commerce activities should be developed and redesigned to better meet consumers’ specific demands and needs. Originality/value M-commerce customer satisfaction studies are rare. The developed model has five potential antecedents of satisfaction: trust, social influence, perceived usefulness, mobility, and perceived enjoyment. New insights are provided into the moderating role of customization.
Myocardial ATGL Overexpression Decreases the Reliance on Fatty Acid Oxidation and Protects against Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction

ABSTRACT Alterations in myocardial triacylglycerol content have been associated with poor left ventricular function, suggesting that enzymes involved in myocardial triacylglycerol metabolism play an important role in regulating contractile function. Myocardial triacylglycerol catabolism is mediated by adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), which is rate limiting for triacylglycerol hydrolysis. To address the influence of triacylglycerol hydrolysis on myocardial energy metabolism and function, we utilized mice with cardiomyocyte-specific ATGL overexpression (MHC-ATGL). Biochemical examination of MHC-ATGL hearts revealed chronically reduced myocardial triacylglycerol content but unchanged levels of long-chain acyl coenzyme A esters, ceramides, and diacylglycerols. Surprisingly, fatty acid oxidation rates were decreased in ex vivo perfused working hearts from MHC-ATGL mice, which was compensated by increased rates of glucose oxidation. Interestingly, reduced myocardial triacylglycerol content was associated with moderately enhanced in vivo systolic function in MHC-ATGL mice and increased isoproterenol-induced cell shortening of isolated primary cardiomyocytes. Most importantly, MHC-ATGL mice were protected from pressure overload-induced systolic dysfunction and detrimental structural remodeling following transverse aortic constriction. Overall, this study shows that ATGL overexpression is sufficient to alter myocardial energy metabolism and improve cardiac function.
Identifying Problematic Internet Users: Development and Validation of the Internet Motive Questionnaire for Adolescents (IMQ-A)

Background Internationally, up to 15.1% of intensive Internet use among adolescents is dysfunctional. To provide a basis for early intervention and preventive measures, understanding the motives behind intensive Internet use is important. Objective This study aims to develop a questionnaire, the Internet Motive Questionnaire for Adolescents (IMQ-A), as a theory-based measurement for identifying the underlying motives for high-risk Internet use. More precisely, the aim was to confirm the 4-factor structure (ie, social, enhancement, coping, and conformity motives) as well as its construct and concurrent validity. Another aim was to identify the motivational differences between high-risk and low-risk Internet users. Methods A sample of 101 German adolescents (female: 52.5%, 53/101; age: mean 15.9, SD 1.3 years) was recruited. High-risk users (n=47) and low-risk users (n=54) were identified based on a screening measure for online addiction behavior in children and adolescents (Online-Suchtverhalten-Skala, OSVK-S). Here, “high-risk” Internet use means use that exceeds the level of intensive Internet use (OSVK-S sum score ≥7). Results The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the IMQ-A’s 4-factor structure. A reliability analysis revealed good internal consistencies of the subscales (.71 up to .86). Moreover, regression analyses confirmed that the enhancement and coping motive groups significantly predicted high-risk Internet consumption and the OSVK-S sum score. A mixed-model ANOVA confirmed that adolescents mainly access the Internet for social motives, followed by enhancement and coping motives, and that high-risk users access the Internet more frequently for coping and enhancement motives than low-risk users. Low-risk users were primarily motivated socially. Conclusions The IMQ-A enables the assessment of motives related to adolescent Internet use and thus the identification of populations at risk. The questionnaire enables the development of preventive measures or early intervention programs, especially dealing with internal motives of Internet consumption.
Studies on the biological properties and gel filtration behavior of pituitary and serum follicle stimulating hormone of infantile female rats.

Molecular distribution profiles for FSH in anterior pituitary extracts or serum of infantile female rats (10–12 days of age), as determined by exclusion chromatography, were compared to those of prepubertal (27 days) or adult (70 days) rats. The elution position of pituitary FSH at the different ages studied was essentially the same, indicating the absence of major differences in average apparent molecular size. Characterization of serum FSH revealed a preponderance of FSH components of larger molecular size. However, the elution position of serum FSH was similar at all ages studied. Small quantitative differences were found between pituitary FSH potencies assessed by RIA or by bioassay. However, at the two ages studied (12 and 27 days) the immunoassay/bioassay ratios were similar. Pituitary FSH of both infantile and older female rats showed a dose-response curve in the ovarian hCGaugmentation assay parallel to that of NIH-FSH-S11. Ovaries from 29 day old rats transplanted to other prepubertal animals (23.