Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serous adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid mesentery arising in cystic endosalpingiosis

This case report describes a Mullerian serous adenocarcinoma arising within a multoloculated cyst lined by ciliated serous-type epithelium located in the sigmoid mesentery. Twenty years previously the patient underwent a hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and omentectomy. The ovaries contained bilateral serous cystadenofibromas, and multiple cysts lined by ciliated serous-type epithelium were present in the omentum. The resection specimen 20 years later contained a 14 cm multiloculated cyst located in the sigmoid mesentery. This was lined largely by benign ciliated serous-type epithelium but a focus of well differentiated serous adenocarcinoma projected into the lumen. Two further peritoneal cysts were present, both of which were lined by ciliated serous-type epithelium. There was a coincidental renal cell carcinoma. This is a unique case of multiple omental, peritoneal, and retroperitoneal cysts (classified as cystic endosalpingiosis), one of which developed a focus of serous adenocarcinoma. Although rarely serous adenocarcinomas, similar to those occurring within the ovary, arise in the retroperitoneum, this is the first reported occurrence in association with a pre-existing benign lesion.
An Unusual Etiology of Biliary Hilar Obstruction and the Potential Role of Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor in the Development of a Biliary Neuroma

Neuroma of the biliary tract is a rare condition thought to be caused by trauma secondary to cholecystectomy. More rare is the occurrence that causes symptomatic biliary obstruction. A 65-year-old woman was hospitalized because of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and general malaise of 1 to 2 months duration. Cholecystectomy had been performed 40 years before. Ultrasound revealed hepatomegaly and dilated intrahepatic ducts. CT showed intra- and extrahepatic ductal dilatation with questionable intraductal mass. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography demonstrated stricture of the hepatic duct bifurcation. The biliary bifurcation was resected, and hepaticojejunostomy was performed. The patient's postoperative course was unremarkable. Histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed positive staining for the S-100 antigen of the obstructing luminal stricture (without evidence of cholangiocarcinoma), which was consistent with a biliary neuroma. Positive staining was also found for acidic (and not basic) fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and two of its high affinity receptors (FGFR-1 and FGFR-4). This study supports the apparent association between biliary neuromas and cholecystectomy as well as the potential role of an established angiogenic and neurogenic growth factor in the formation of this tumor. Finally, this case is also unique in that it represents the longest interval between cholecystectomy and presentation of a biliary neuroma, 40 years after surgery.
Mothers' perceptions of parenting children with disabilities.

PURPOSE To describe how mothers of children with physical disabilities identified their parenting strengths and weaknesses, encouraged their child's social skills and learning, nurtured and disciplined their child, and perceived their parenting successes and problems. DESIGN Grounded theory. METHODS Focused telephone interviews were conducted with mothers of preschool to elementary schoolage children with mild to moderate physical disabilities. The mothers were asked what they were doing well and "not well" in parenting their disabled child, their difficulties, their child's preparation for other children's questions/teasing, their encouragement of social skills and learning, and their discipline and nurturance. RESULTS The theory that emerged from the data was parental straddling, which occurred on three levels. Parents were living in the past and the present, striving to view their child as "normal" when, in fact, the child was disabled, and were simultaneously dealing with their own and their child's issues and feelings. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Nurses need to understand the complexity of the parents' straddling their roles and tasks. They can provide needed emotional support by allowing parents to express their fears and feelings in an atmosphere of nonjudgmental acceptance. Nurses can prepare parents for anticipated grief work, reassure them that their experiences are expected and normal, reinforce their use of normalization strategies, and help them separate their own from their child's issues and feelings.
H. pylori cagL amino acid sequence polymorphism Y58E59 induces a corpus shift of gastric integrin α5β1 related with gastric carcinogenesis

We tested whether cagL amino acid sequence polymorphisms of Helicobacter pylori correlated to clinico‐histological outcomes and gastric α5β1 integrin expressions. One hundred forty five patients with H. pylori infection and 47 noninfected controls were enrolled to check gastric integrin α5β1 intensities topographically. The collected isolates were screened for cagL‐genotype by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and assessed for amino acid sequence polymorphisms using sequence translation. Our H. pylori isolates were predominantly (98.6%) cagL‐genopositive, 95.8% of which had the RGD motif in their amino acid sequences. The isolates from the gastric cancer (GCA) patients indicated a higher rate of amino acid sequence polymorphisms—Y58 and E59—than those of the non‐GCA patients (P < 0.05). The polymorphisms as Y58E59 noted with increased risk of GCA up to 4.6‐fold (95%CI: 1.8–11.9). H. pylori‐infected patients had higher integrin α5β1 than noninfected patients (P < 0.05). Furthermore, cagL‐Y58E59 H. pylori infection predisposed an upward shift in integrin α5β1 (P = 0.007) in the corpus, leading to more severe corpus chronic inflammation (P < 0.05). H. pylori CagL amino acid polymorphisms like Y58E59 correlate with a higher risk of GCA, and may regulate a corpus shift of gastric integrin α5β1 to lead to severe corpus gastritis during gastric carcinogenesis. Mol. Carcinog. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extra- and intracranial blood flow regulation during the cold pressor test: influence of age.

We determined how the extra- and intracranial circulations respond to generalized sympathetic activation evoked by a cold pressor test (CPT) and whether this is affected by healthy aging. Ten young [23 ± 2 yr (means ± SD)] and nine older (66 ± 3 yr) individuals performed a 3-min CPT by immersing the left foot into 0.8 ± 0.3°C water. Common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) diameter, velocity, and flow were simultaneously measured (duplex ultrasound) along with middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery mean blood velocity (MCAvmean and PCAvmean) and cardiorespiratory variables. The increases in heart rate (~6 beats/min) and mean arterial blood pressure (~14 mmHg) were similar in young and older groups during the CPT (P < 0.01 vs. baseline). In the young group, the CPT elicited an ~5% increase in CCA diameter (P < 0.01 vs. baseline) and a tendency for an increase in CCA flow (~12%, P = 0.08); in contrast, both diameter and flow remained unchanged in the older group. Although ICA diameter was not changed during the CPT in either group, ICA flow increased (~8%, P = 0.02) during the first minute of the CPT in both groups. Whereas the CPT elicited an increase in MCAvmean and PCAvmean in the young group (by ~20 and ~10%, respectively, P < 0.01 vs. baseline), these intracranial velocities were unchanged in the older group. Collectively, during the CPT, these findings suggest a differential mechanism(s) of regulation between the ICA compared with the CCA in young individuals and a blunting of the CCA and intracranial responses in older individuals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sympathetic activation evoked by a cold pressor test elicits heterogeneous extra- and intracranial blood vessel responses in young individuals that may serve an important protective role. The extra- and intracranial responses to the cold pressor test are blunted in older individuals.
Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates Against Immature Horn Fly and Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)

ABSTRACT We screened 85 isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner), making up 57 different subspecies, and two isolates of Bacillus sphaericus (Meyer and Neide) for activity against immature horn flies, Haematobia irritons (L.), and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). The majority of B. thuringiensis and the B. sphaericus isolates had little or no activity against horn fly and stable fly. Approximately 87% of the isolates caused <50% mortality of horn fly larvae and 64% caused <25% mortality. For stable fly, 95% of the isolates caused <50% mortality, and 93% caused <25% mortality. Five isolates were highly toxic to horn fly and stable fly immatures. These isolates were B. t. tolworthi 4L3, B. t. darmstadiensis 4M1, B. t. thompsoni 4O1, B. t. thuringiensis HD2, and B. t. kurstaki HD945. The LD50 values ranged from 2.2 to 7.9 × 106 spores per g manure for horn fly and from 6.3 to 35 × 106 spores per g media for stable fly. These were consistently more toxic compared with the B. t. israelensis isolates examined. All had DNA that hybridized with cry1Aa, cry1Ab, and cry1Ac toxin probes, three hybridized with a cry1B probe, and two hybridized with a cry2A probe. These may have potential for use in integrated management of pest flies.
Are CEOS Paid Extra for Riskier Pay Packages?

This paper quantifies the cost of CEO incentive compensation by estimating an elasticity of pay to the variance of pay. Using US CEO compensation data and a variety of empirical approaches, we find that CEOs with riskier pay packages are paid more. However, increasing incentives by 20% is associated with an increase in expected pay of only 2%, on average. This small elasticity suggests that incentive pay is not too costly for firms as these seem to be able to substitute incentive pay for salary. In the context of a theorical model, we show that the small elasticity implies a low risk aversion coefficient for CEOs.
Multiple kernel learning for classification of diffuse lung disease using HRCT lung images

A novel algorithm is presented for classification of four patterns of diffuse lung disease: normal, emphysema, honeycombing and ground glass opacity, on the basis of textural analysis of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) lung images. The algorithm incorporates scale-space features based on Gaussian derivative filters and multi-dimensional multi-scale features based on wavelet and contourlet transforms of the original images. The mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis along with generalized Gaussian density are used to model the output of filters and transforms, and construct feature vectors. Multi-class multiple kernel learning (m-MKL) classifier is used to evaluate the performance of the feature extraction scheme. The method is tested on a collection of 89 slices from 38 patients, each slice of size 512×512, 16 bits/pixel in DICOM format. The dataset contains 70,000 ROIs from slices already marked by experienced radiologists. The average sensitivity and specificity achieved is 94.16% and 98.68%, respectively.
Adult‐like complexity of the larval antennal lobe of D. melanogaster despite markedly low numbers of odorant receptor neurons

We provide a detailed analysis of the larval head chemosensory system of Drosophila melanogaster, based on confocal microscopy of cell‐specific reporter gene expression in P[GAL4] enhancer trap lines. In particular, we describe the neuronal composition of three external and three pharyngeal chemosensory organs, the nerve tracts chosen by their afferents, and their central target regions. With a total of 21 olfactory and 80 gustatory neurons, the sensory level is numerically much simpler than that of the adult. Moreover, its design is different than in the adult, showing an association between smell and taste sensilla. In contrast, the first‐order relay of the olfactory afferents, the larval antennal lobe (LAL), exhibits adult‐like features both in terms of structure and cell number. It shows a division into approximately 30 subunits, reminiscent of glomeruli in the adult antennal lobe. Taken together, the design of the larval chemosensory system is a “hybrid,” with larval‐specific features in the periphery and central characteristics in common with the adult. The largely reduced numbers of afferents and the similar architecture of the LAL and the adult antennal lobe, render the larval chemosensory system of Drosophila a valuable model system, both for studying smell and taste and for examining the development of its adult organization. J. Comp. Neurol. 445:374–387, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
Calcium supplementation prevents seasonal bone loss and changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover in elderly New England women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Elderly women are at increased risk for bone loss and fractures. In previous cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of women residing in northern latitudes, bone loss was most pronounced during winter months and in those consuming less than 1 g calcium per day. In this study we sought to test the hypothesis that calcium supplementation by either calcium carbonate or dietary means would prevent seasonal bone loss and preserve bone mass. Sixty older postmenopausal women without osteoporosis were randomized to one of three treatment arms: Dietary milk supplementation (D-4 glasses of milk/day), Calcium carbonate (CaCO3-1000 mg/day in two divided doses), or placebo (P). After 2 yr, placebo-treated women consumed a mean of 683 mg/day of calcium and lost 3.0% of their greater trochanteric (GT) bone mineral density (BMD) (P < 0.03 vs. baseline); Dietary supplemented women averaged a calcium intake of 1028 mg/day and sustained minimal loss from the GT (-1.5%; P = 0.30), whereas CaCO3-treated women (total Ca intake, 1633 mg/day) suffered no bone loss from the GT and showed a significant increase in spinal and femoral neck BMD (P < 0.05). Femoral bone loss occurred exclusively during the two winters of the study (i.e. total loss, -3.2%; P < 0.02 in placebo-treated women) with virtually no change in GT BMD during summer. Serum 25-OH vitamin D declined by more than 20% (P < 0.001) in all groups during the winter months but returned to baseline in summer; PTH levels rose approximately 20% (P < 0.001) during winter but did not return to baseline during the summers. Urine N-telopeptide and osteocalcin levels increased significantly but only in the P-treated women and only during winter. Serum insulin growth factor binding protein 4, an inhibitory insulin growth factor binding protein, rose 15% (P < 0.03) from summer to winter, but this increase was significant only in those women consuming <1000 mg/day of calcium. By multivariate analysis, total calcium intake was the strongest predictor of bone loss from the hip. Urinary N-telopeptide also closely correlated with GT BMD but only during winter (P = 0.003). We conclude that calcium supplementation prevents bone loss in elderly women by suppressing bone turnover during the winter when serum 25-OH vitamin D declines and serum PTH increases. The precise amount of calcium necessary to preserve BMD in elderly women requires further studies, although in this study, at least 1000 mg/day of supplemental calcium was adequate prophylaxis against femoral bone loss.
Effect of exercise, aging and functional capacity on acute secretory immunoglobulin A response in elderly people over 75 years of age

Background: Age‐associated decline in immune function and regulation, referred to as immunosenescence, brings about an increased incidence of infectious diseases in the aged; however, there are few data on the effect of aging and exercise on mucosal immune function in elderly people. Moreover, there is no evidence on whether the change in functional capacity affects mucosal immunity in elderly people. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of exercise, aging and functional capacity on mucosal immune function in elderly people over 75 years of age.
Increased hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease

Neurogenesis, which persists in the adult mammalian brain, may provide a basis for neuronal replacement therapy in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurogenesis is increased in certain acute neurological disorders, such as ischemia and epilepsy, but the effect of more chronic neurodegenerations is uncertain, and some animal models of AD show impaired neurogenesis. To determine how neurogenesis is affected in the brains of patients with AD, we investigated the expression of immature neuronal marker proteins that signal the birth of new neurons in the hippocampus of AD patients. Compared to controls, Alzheimer's brains showed increased expression of doublecortin, polysialylated nerve cell adhesion molecule, neurogenic differentiation factor and TUC-4. Expression of doublecortin and TUC-4 was associated with neurons in the neuroproliferative (subgranular) zone of the dentate gyrus, the physiological destination of these neurons (granule cell layer), and the CA1 region of Ammon's horn, which is the principal site of hippocampal pathology in AD. These findings suggest that neurogenesis is increased in AD hippocampus, where it may give rise to cells that replace neurons lost in the disease, and that stimulating hippocampal neurogenesis might provide a new treatment strategy.
Propagation of Measurement Errors Through Body Composition Equations for Body Impedance Analysis

In this paper, we present a framework to analyze the propagation of measurement errors through the body composition equations. This is done through the equations for body composition assessment (BCA), for single/multifrequency (SF, MF) body impedance analysis (BIA) approaches. We show that it is possible to estimate a priori the error variance on the BCA parameters from the error measurement in the weight, height, and impedance. The theoretical results are validated through the simulation and experimental data coming from the low-cost AFE4300 impedance spectrometer developed by Texas Instruments. This new spectrometer has been calibrated and characterized by performing measurements on phantoms and foot-to-foot body impedance measurements. The influence of the number of measurement frequencies on the accuracy of BCA is also studied for MF-BIA approach. Ultimately, the measurement error framework can be used to evaluate the suitability of an impedance system for BIA.
CNS involvement in neuro-Behçet syndrome: an MR study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Behçet disease (BD) is a multisystem vasculitis of unknown origin in which neurologic involvement has been reported in the range of 5% to 10% in large series. Reports on clinical and radiologic aspects of neuro-Behçet syndrome (NBS) are in general limited in number. Our purpose was to determine the MR patterns in patients with NBS who had neural parenchymal involvement and to correlate our findings with possible vascular pathophysiology. METHODS The MR images of 65 patients with NBS and neural parenchymal involvement were reviewed. In a subgroup of patients who had serial MR studies, we evaluated the anatomic-radiologic location and distribution of the lesions and whether they corresponded to any vascular territory, and studied their extension, enhancement patterns, and temporal course. RESULTS The most common imaging finding in NBS patients who had neural parenchymal involvement was a mesodiencephalic junction lesion with edema extending along certain long tracts in the brain stem and diencephalon in 46% of the patients. The next most common location of involvement was the pontobulbar region, seen in 40% of the cases. Three primary cervical spinal cord lesions and one case of isolated optic nerve involvement were observed. CONCLUSION The parenchymal distribution of lesions in NBS appears to support the hypothesis of small-vessel vasculitis; mainly, venular involvement. The anatomic distribution of intraaxial veins of the CNS explains the predominant involvement of the brain stem structures observed in our patients. This pattern of lesion distribution might help to differentiate NBS from other vasculitides as well as from the inflammatory-demyelinating diseases of the CNS, such as multiple sclerosis.
Microbial Decomposer Communities Are Mainly Structured by Trophic Status in Circumneutral and Alkaline Streams

ABSTRACT In streams, the release of nitrogen and phosphorus is reported to affect microbial communities and the ecological processes they govern. Moreover, the type of inorganic nitrogen (NO3, NO2, or NH4) may differently impact microbial communities. We aimed to identify the environmental factors that structure aquatic microbial communities and drive leaf litter decomposition along a gradient of eutrophication. We selected five circumneutral (Portuguese) and five alkaline (French) streams differing in nutrient concentrations to monitor mass loss of alder leaves, bacterial and fungal diversity by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, fungal biomass and reproduction, and bacterial biomass during 11 weeks of leaf immersion. The concentrations of inorganic nutrients in the stream water ranged from 5 to 300 μg liter−1 soluble reactive phosphorus, 0.30 to 5.50 mg liter−1 NO3-N, 2 to 103 μg liter−1 NO2-N, and <4 to 7,100 μg liter−1 NH4-N. Species richness was maximum in moderately anthropized (eutrophic) streams but decreased in the most anthropized (hypertrophic) streams. Different species assemblages were found in subsets of streams with different trophic statuses. In both geographic areas, the limiting nutrient, either nitrate or phosphate, stimulated the microbial activity in streams of intermediate trophic status. In the hypertrophic streams, fungal biomass and reproduction were significantly lower, and bacterial biomass dramatically decreased at the site with the highest ammonium concentration. The limiting nutrients that defined the trophic status were the main factor structuring fungal and bacterial communities, whatever the geographic area. A very high ammonium concentration in stream water most probably has negative impacts on microbial decomposer communities.
Academic plagiarism in Malaysia higher education institutions: legal perspective

The incidents of plagiarism are prevalent in the academic community throughout the world. In the context of the academic community, plagiarism may damage the reputation as well as negatively affect the credibility and integrity of the institutions and those involved in such behaviours. This paper provides an overview of academic plagiarism in Malaysia and discusses the relevant Malaysian legal provisions, specifically those which applied to Malaysian public higher education institutions concerning the issue of plagiarism. Analysis of statutes and relevant case law was done by employing the doctrinal legal method. It is learned that a number of statutes governing the management and administration of the universities in Malaysia contain provisions on plagiarism that are to be subjected to disciplinary punishment. Of all the statutes, the paper found that the Educational Institutions (Discipline) Act 1976 (Act 174), which governs matters related to discipline in educational institutions but not including universities explicitly stated provision on plagiarism. The paper suggests that universities should adopt clear policy or guideline on student writing handling in order to avoid and deal with plagiarism issues effectively.