Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Redvine (Brunnichia ovata) and Trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans) Management in Glufosinate- and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean1

Three field studies were conducted during 1998 to 2002 at Stoneville, MS, to examine the efficacy of glufosinate and glyphosate on redvine and trumpetcreeper control in glufosinate- and glyphosate-resistant soybean. Glyphosate at 2.52 kg ae/ha applied approximately 3 wk before planting soybean reduced trumpetcreeper density (45 to 52%) but not redvine compared with no glyphosate in both glufosinate- and glyphosate-resistant soybean. However, glyphosate applied preplant reduced biomass of both species in glufosinate-resistant soybean. Glyphosate early postemergence (EPOST) followed by (fb) late postemergence (LPOST) had no effect on redvine density but reduced trumpetcreeper density (70%) compared with the no-herbicide control. There were no differences in densities and biomass of redvine and trumpetcreeper and soybean yield among isopropylamine, diammonium, and aminomethanamide dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate salts of glyphosate. Overall, trumpetcreeper is more susceptible to glyphosate than redvine. Glufosinate EPOST with or without acifluorfen or glufosinate EPOST fb LPOST had no effect on densities of redvine and trumpetcreeper but reduced biomass 45 to 76% and 35 to 58%, respectively, compared with the nontreated control. These results show that glyphosate preplant and POST in-crop applications can reduce trumpetcreeper density but not redvine, and glufosinate POST applications can suppress growth of both species. Nomenclature: Acifluorfen; clomazone; glufosinate; glyphosate; lactofen; redvine, Brunnichia ovata (Walt.) Shinners #3 BRVCI; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘DP4690 RR’, ‘DP 5806 RR’, ‘AG 4702 RR’, ‘A 5547 LL’; trumpetcreeper, Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau # CMIRA. Additional index words: Glyphosate formulation, perennial vine, transgenic soybean, weed biomass, weed density. Abbreviations: Adt, aminomethanamide dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate; Dia, diammonium; EPOST, early postemergence; fb, followed by; Ipa, isopropylamine; LPOST, late postemergence; POST, postemergence; PRE, preemergence; WAP, weeks after planting soybean; WAT, weeks after late postemergence.
An epidemiological study of environmental factors associated with canine obesity.

OBJECTIVES To assess the relationships between socioeconomic and other environmental factors with canine obesity. METHODS This was a cross-sectional questionnaire study of dog owners attending five primary veterinary practices in the UK. Owners were asked about dog age, neuter status, feeding habits, dog exercise, household income and owner age. The body condition score of the dogs was also assessed. Factors hypothesised to be associated with obesity were investigated. RESULTS In total, data from 696 questionnaires were evaluated. Out of those data evaluated, 35.3% of dogs (n=246) were classed as an ideal body shape, 38.9% (n=271) were overweight, 20.4% (n=142) were obese and 5.3% (n=37) were underweight. Identified risk factors associated with obesity included owner age, hours of weekly exercise, frequency of snacks/treats and personal income. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Environmental risk factors associated with canine obesity are multifactorial and include personal income, owner age, frequency of snacks/treats and amount of exercise the dog receives. Awareness about health risks associated with obesity in dogs is significantly less in people in lower income brackets. This phenomenon is recognised in human obesity.
A case of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease presenting as CD20‐expressing, Epstein–Barr‐virus positive Hodgkin lymphoma

Abstract: Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a rare complication after solid organ transplantation. We describe the first case of a patient developing CD20‐positive HL after renal transplantation treated with the monoclonal antibody rituximab. Treatment with single agent rituximab led to partial remission. Subsequent combined modality treatment consisting of chemotherapy (adriamycin, bleomycin, vindesin and dacarbacin), immunotherapy (rituximab) and involved field irradiation achieved complete remission. Different therapeutic strategies in the treatment of patients developing lymphoproliferative disease – and particularly HL – after solid organ transplantation are discussed.
Distribution of aquaporin water channels AQP1 and AQP5 in the ductal system of the human pancreas

Background: The exocrine pancreas secretes large volumes of isotonic fluid, most of which originates from the ductal system. The role of aquaporin (AQP) water channels in this process is unknown. Methods: Expression and localisation of known AQP isoforms was examined in normal human pancreas, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and pancreatic cell lines of ductal origin (Capan-1, Capan-2, and HPAF) using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Results: Messenger RNAs for AQP1, -3, -4, -5, and -8 were detected in normal pancreas and in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The cell lines expressed AQP3, -4, and -5 but lacked AQP1 and AQP8. Immunohistochemistry of normal pancreas revealed that AQP1 is strongly expressed in centroacinar cells and in both the apical and basolateral domains of intercalated and intralobular duct epithelia. AQP1 expression declined with distance along the small interlobular ducts and was not detectable in larger interlobular ducts. AQP3 and AQP4 were not detectable by immunohistochemistry. AQP5 was observed at the apical membrane of intercalated duct cells and also in duct associated mucoid glands. AQP8 was confined to the apical pole of acinar cells. Both AQP1 and AQP5 were colocalised with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) at the apical membrane of intercalated duct cells. Conclusions: AQP1 and AQP5 are strongly expressed in the intercalated ducts of the human pancreas. Their distribution correlates closely with that of CFTR, a marker of ductal electrolyte secretion. This suggests that fluid secretion is concentrated in the terminal branches of the ductal tree and that both AQP1 and AQP5 may play a significant role.
Outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies at the Nairobi In Vitro Fertilisation Centre.

BACKGROUND Infertility is a common problem affecting up to ten per cent of married couples. A systematic evaluation of aetiologic factors forms the basis for choice of treatment and future fertility. On the global perspective, Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) has become internationally recognised treatment option for some infertile couples. A report on the current outcomes of ART practice at The Nairobi IVF Centre is presented. OBJECTIVE To describe the practice of assisted reproduction and present a report on the current outcomes. DESIGN A retrospective survey of data on assisted reproduction practice from August 2005 to July 2008. SETTING The Nairobi IVF Centre a private medical practice in Nairobi, Kenya. INTERVENTIONS Treatment of infertile couples by various assisted reproductive technologies including in vitro fertilisation (IVF), intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), uterine fresh embryo transfer (ET), and frozen/thawed uterine ET (FTET). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fertilisation, embryo cleavage, ET, embryo freeze/thaw survival, preclinical pregnancy and clinical pregnancy rates, live births and other obstetric outcomes. RESULTS A total of 362 IVF cycles were performed. Following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, an average of 12 oocytes were retrieved per patient while the fertilisation and subsequent embryo cleavage rates were 67 and 91.2% respectively. An average of three embryos were transferred and the embryo transfer rate was 93.3% per cycle started and 96.6% per oocyte retrieval. Surplus embryos were available for cryopreservation in 106 (50.1%) cycles. On thawing frozen embryos, the survival rate was 65.5%. Following ET, the overall pre-clinical pregnancies were 124 (36.2%) of which 99 (28.9%) developed into clinical pregnancies per cycle. Of the clinical pregnancies, 72 (73%) were singletons, 23 (23%) twin gestations and four triplets (4%). A total of 52 mothers have been delivered either by Caesarian section 45 (86.5%) or spontaneous vertex delivery seven (13.5%) to 61 live babies of whom 36 were females and 25 males. A further 28 IVF clinical pregnancies are ongoing, 26 following fresh embryo transfer and two from frozen/thawed embryos. CONCLUSION Our results on ART practice reflects a pregnancy outcome comparable to that reported by other fertility centres globally. Couples with infertility in East and Central Africa for whom ART treatment is indicated may now access the service locally.
Positional Concerns Among the Poor: Does Reference Group Matter? Evidence from Survey Experiments

Previous research suggests a lower degree of positional concerns among people from poor countries. Yet the evidence is limited and most often builds on the assumption that people’s reference groups are the same across all individuals. We conduct a survey experiment in urban Ethiopia that is modified to include multiplicity of reference groups. We estimate positional concerns considering various reference groups to test whether the low positional concerns found in the literature is due to misspecification of the reference groups. The results show a low degree of positional concern which is highly stable across different reference groups.
Patient controlled analgesia: effective and cost‐effective management of acute pain within the Emergency Department?

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Effects of region of birth, educational level and age on late presentation among men who have sex with men newly diagnosed with HIV in a network of STI/HIV counselling and testing clinics in Spain.

This paper analyses late presentation (LP) of HIV infection, and its determinants, among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Spain, newly diagnosed with HIV (2003-2011) in 15 sexually transmitted infection/HIV counselling and testing clinics. LP was defined as <350 CD4 cells/µL or AIDS. In total, 3,081 MSM were included (2,499 having CD4/AIDS); overall LP was 25.3%. LP was higher in men older than 34 years, those not previously HIV-tested (adjusted odds ratio (aOR):3.1; 95% confidence intervals (CI):2.3-4.2) , and those tested > 12 months before diagnosis (12-24 months (aOR:1.4; 95% CI:1.0-2.0); > 24 months (aOR:2.2; 95% CI:1.7-3.0)). LP was less likely in MSM reporting a known HIV-infected partner as infection source or symptoms compatible with acute retroviral syndrome. 'Region of birth' interacted with 'educational level' and 'steady partner as infection source': only African and Latin-American MSM with low educational level were more likely to present late; Latin-American men attributing their infection to steady partner, but no other MSM, had LP more frequently. In Spain, HIV testing among MSM should be promoted, especially those > 34 years old and migrants with low educational level. The current recommendation that MSM be tested at least once a year is appropriate.
Concomitant acupoint therapy with hyperthermia and Chinese traditional herb improved lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Acupuncture, hyperthermia and traditional Chinese herb are used for control of many symptoms. In this study, we explored a novel therapeutic approach for achieving a long-term and potent therapeutic effect in patients with COPD at stable stage. A total of 120 patients with stable COPD were received concomitant acupoint sticking therapy with both hyperthermia and Chinese herb at BL13 (feishu) and BL20 (pishu) acupoints respectively. Patients were treated with acupoint alone and combined acupoint treatments with hyperthermia or Chinese herb were used as controls. After 6 and 12 weeks’ post-initial treatment, lung function, 6 minute walk distance test (6MWT), the modified medical research council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale, COPD assessment test (CAT) were assessed. We observed moderately improved pulmonary function among all groups of patients, with increased percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of predicted (FEV1% predicted) and percentage of forced vital capacity (FVC) of predicted (FVC% predicted). The improved pulmonary function in all treated groups were also associated with significantly increased 6-minute walk test score (6MWT) and symptom control (P<0.01). In addition, lung function was more greatly improved in patients received concomitant acupoint therapy with both hyperthermia and Chinese herb than the patients received concomitant acupoint treatment with hyperthermia or Chinese herb (P<0.01). In contrast, the patients received acupoint therapy alone achieved the lowest improvement in lung function compared to that of pre-treatment. Concomitant acupoint therapy with both hyperthermia and Chinese herb has additive and long-term therapeutic effects on COPD at stable stage.
Development and Application of a Probabilistic Risk–Benefit Assessment Model for Infant Feeding Integrating Microbiological, Nutritional, and Chemical Components

A probabilistic and interdisciplinary risk–benefit assessment (RBA) model integrating microbiological, nutritional, and chemical components was developed for infant milk, with the objective of predicting the health impact of different scenarios of consumption. Infant feeding is a particular concern of interest in RBA as breast milk and powder infant formula have both been associated with risks and benefits related to chemicals, bacteria, and nutrients, hence the model considers these three facets. Cronobacter sakazakii, dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl‐PCB), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were three risk/benefit factors selected as key issues in microbiology, chemistry, and nutrition, respectively. The present model was probabilistic with variability and uncertainty separated using a second‐order Monte Carlo simulation process. In this study, advantages and limitations of undertaking probabilistic and interdisciplinary RBA are discussed. In particular, the probabilistic technique was found to be powerful in dealing with missing data and to translate assumptions into quantitative inputs while taking uncertainty into account. In addition, separation of variability and uncertainty strengthened the interpretation of the model outputs by enabling better consideration and distinction of natural heterogeneity from lack of knowledge. Interdisciplinary RBA is necessary to give more structured conclusions and avoid contradictory messages to policymakers and also to consumers, leading to more decisive food recommendations. This assessment provides a conceptual development of the RBA methodology and is a robust basis on which to build upon.
ICSI outcome in severely oligoasthenozoospermic patients and its relationship to prewash progressive sperm motility*

To investigate the association between prewash progressive sperm motility and pregnancy rate in cases of severely oligoasthenozoospermic patients in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Materials and methods: The study included 80 infertile couples who were treated by ICSI due to severe oligoasthenozoospermia (
PERFORMANCE OF GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCED SLOPES AT FAILUREa

The discussed paper and its companion (Zornberg et al. 1998) provide much needed insight into limit equilibrium design of geosynthetics reinforced steep slopes. It uses wellfocused experimental work. The purpose of this discussion is to add a perspective. This perspective is relevant only in the context of design. It can be postulated that the main objective of design is to produce safe and economical structures. In light of this postulate, the following three points, all related to the discussed paper, are examined:
Electrolytic Effects During Tissue Ablation by Electroporation

Nonthermal irreversible electroporation is a new tissue ablation technique that consists of applying pulsed electric fields across cells to induce cell death by creating permanent defects in the cell membrane. Nonthermal irreversible electroporation is of interest because it allows treatment near sensitive tissue structures such as blood vessels and nerves. Two recent articles report that electrolytic reaction products at electrodes can be combined with electroporation pulses to augment and optimize tissue ablation. Those articles triggered a concern that the results of earlier studies on nonthermal irreversible electroporation may have been tainted by unaccounted for electrolytic effects. The goal of this study was to reexamine previous studies on nonthermal irreversible electroporation in the context of these articles. The study shows that the results from some of the earlier studies on nonthermal irreversible electroporation were affected by unaccounted for electrolysis, in particular the research with cells in cuvettes. It also shows that tissue ablation ascribed in the past to irreversible electroporation is actually caused by at least 3 different cytotoxic effects: irreversible electroporation without electrolysis, irreversible electroporation combined with electrolysis, and reversible electroporation combined with electrolysis. These different mechanisms may affect cell and tissue ablation in different ways, and the effects may depend on various clinical parameters such as the polarity of the electrodes, the charge delivered (voltage, number, and length of pulses), and the distance of the target tissue from the electrodes. Current clinical protocols employ ever-increasing numbers of electroporation pulses to values that are now an order of magnitude larger than those used in our first fundamental nonthermal irreversible electroporation studies in tissues. The different mechanisms of cell death, and the effect of the clinical parameters on the mechanisms may explain discrepancies between results of different clinical studies and should be taken into consideration in the design of optimal electroporation ablation protocols.
Extracting finite-state representations from recurrent neural networks trained on chaotic symbolic sequences

While much work has been done in neural-based modeling of real-valued chaotic time series, little effort has been devoted to address similar problems in the symbolic domain. We investigate the knowledge induction process associated with training recurrent neural networks (RNN's) on single long chaotic symbolic sequences. Even though training RNN's to predict the next symbol leaves the standard performance measures such as the mean square error on the network output virtually unchanged, the networks nevertheless do extract a lot of knowledge. We monitor the knowledge extraction process by considering the networks stochastic sources and letting them generate sequences which are then confronted with the training sequence via information theoretic entropy and cross-entropy measures. We also study the possibility of reformulating the knowledge gained by RNN's in a compact and easy-to-analyze form of finite-state stochastic machines. The experiments are performed on two sequences with different "complexities" measured by the size and state transition structure of the induced Crutchfield's epsilon-machines. We find that, with respect to the original RNN's, the extracted machines can achieve comparable or even better entropy and cross-entropy performance. Moreover, RNN's reflect the training sequence complexity in their dynamical state representations that can in turn be reformulated using finite-state means. Our findings are confirmed by a much more detailed analysis of model generated sequences through the statistical mechanical metaphor of entropy spectra. We also introduce a visual representation of allowed block structure in the studied sequences that, besides having nice theoretical properties, allows on the topological level for an illustrative insight into both RNN training and finite-state stochastic machine extraction processes.
Convexity of Weighted Sum Rate Maximization in NOMA Systems

This letter investigates the optimal power allocation for weighted sum rate maximization (WSRM) in nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems with power order and quality-of-service (QoS) constraints. We show that the NOMA WSRM problem is a convex problem under some condition of the user weights. The optimal solution to the WSRM problem without QoS constraints is analytically characterized in two cases. Then, we investigate the feasibility of the WSRM problem with QoS constraints. We further show that the power order constraint can be omitted without loss of any optimality under some mild condition of the QoS thresholds, which enables us to derive an analytical expression of the optimal power allocation.