Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of the predicted time of stimuli eliciting movements on responses of tonically active neurons in the monkey striatum

Changes in activity of tonically active neurons of the primate striatum are determined both by the behavioural significance of stimuli and the context in which stimuli are presented. We investigated how the responses of these neurons are modified by the temporal predictability of stimuli eliciting learned behavioural reactions. Single neurons were recorded from the caudate nucleus and putamen of two macaque monkeys performing a visual reaction time task under conditions in which the timing of the trigger stimulus was made more or less predictable. The monkeys' ability to predict the trigger onset was assessed by measuring arm movement reaction times and saccadic ocular reactions. Of 171 neurons responding to the unsignalled presentation of the trigger stimulus, 32% lost their response when an instruction cue preceded the trigger by a highly practised 1.5 s interval, and the response reappeared when this interval was varied randomly from 1 to 2.5 s or prolonged to 3 or 4.5 s. Although 43% of the neurons remained responsive irrespective of task condition, the responses were stronger with longer intervals than with the accustomed 1.5 s interval. In addition, a number of neurons responding to the instruction lost their response when the trigger appeared more distant from the instruction. These findings demonstrate that neuronal responses to a movement‐triggering signal become more numerous and pronounced when the degree of temporal predictability of that signal was decreased. We conclude that tonic striatal neurons are sensitive to temporal aspects of stimulus prediction.
Age Estimation From Root Development of Mandibular Third Molars in Comparison With Skeletal Age of Wrist Joint

Identification of the living person and the dead is of paramount importance for variety of reasons in forensic practice routinely. Age estimation is one of the prime factors employed to establish identity. Estimating age from teeth is generally reliable as they are naturally preserved long after all the tissues and even bones have disintegrated. A study was done to determine the age by root developmental changes, using the intraoral periapical radiographs of the mandibular third molars, adopting the Leif Kullman et al method. Three hundred forty-six girls and 389 boys of the age range 15–25 years, among the South Indian population of young adults from various schools and colleges in the vicinity of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi Districts and also among the patients visiting the outpatient department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dental Surgery, Manipal, were considered for this study. The subjects were roentgenographically examined to determine the age from the 7 stages of root development of the left mandibular third molar. Depending on the exact stage of root development as seen in the radiograph, the chronologic age was determined. This method sheds a new light on determining the ages of 15, 16, and 18 years, which has an immense medicolegal bearing.
CD34−/CD133+/VEGFR-2+ Endothelial Progenitor Cell Subpopulation With Potent Vasoregenerative Capacities

Our goal was to identify functionally important subpopulations within the heterogenous group of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of CD133+ progenitor cells revealed the presence of CD34+ and CD34− subpopulations. CD34−/133+ progenitors differentiate into CD34+/133+ EPC, adhere more potently than these in response to SDF-1, and rapidly home to sites of limb ischemia in human volunteers. In human coronary atherectomy samples, fewer CD34−/133+ than CD34+/133+ EPC are present in stable plaques, whereas cell numbers increase with a reversion of the ratio in unstable lesions. In CD34−/133+ EPC-injected nude mice, more transplanted cells coexpressing endothelial markers home to carotid artery lesion endothelium than in CD34+/133+-injected mice. In the former, lesions were smaller and reendothelialization higher than in the latter. We identified a new CD34−/133+ EPC subpopulation, which is apparently a precursor of “classical” CD34+/133+ EPC, and functionally more potent than these with respect to homing and vascular repair.
The effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercises on circulating soluble-Klotho and IGF-I in young and elderly adults and in CAD patients

Different studies support the notion that chronic aerobic exercises training can influence the circulating levels of soluble-Klotho (s-Klotho) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I). The effects of s-Klotho include improving the quality of life, alleviating the negative impact of age on the body’s work capacity, and possibly increasing longevity. This review provides an overview of the latest findings in this field of research in humans. The different modes of dynamic exercise and their impact on circulating levels of s-Klotho and IGF-I in young adult athletes, untrained young adults, trained healthy older adults, untrained healthy older adults, and coronary artery disease (CAD) patients are reviewed and discussed. Together these findings suggest that long-lasting (chronic) aerobic exercise training is probably one of the antiaging factors that counteract the aging and CAD process by increasing the circulating s-Klotho and lowering the IGF-I levels. However, following anaerobic exercise training the opposite occurs. The exact metabolic and physiological pathways involved in the activity of these well-trained young and master sportsmen should be further studied and elucidated. The purpose of this review was to provide a clarification regarding the roles of s-Klotho and intensities and durations of different exercise on human health.
Lifetime and Recent Alcohol Consumption among Male Alcoholics: Neuropsychological Implications

Alcoholics experience a relatively well-documented pattern of decline in cognitive and motor functions. This decline is likely the result of multiple causal factors that include head injury, malnutrition, and alcohol consumption. Although alcohol consumption per se has been considered a primary causal agent, research has not demonstrated a consistent relationship between levels of alcohol consumption and these neuropsychological deficits. This study explored such relationships within a sample of 40 detoxified male inpatient alcoholics who did not have a history of polydrug abuse, malnutrition, head injury, neurological disease, or non-alcohol-related psychiatric treatment. Increasing lifetime alcohol consumption was associated with increasing age-adjusted impairment on Halstead-Reitan tests that measure such aspects of functioning as concept formation, cognitive flexibility, and perceptual-motor abilities. Alcohol consumption had a linear relationship with test scores and hypothesized interactions with age did not emerge, nor did the effects of recent drinking appear dependent upon total lifetime consumption. The pattern of consumption (e.g., amount consumed per occasion, spree drinking) was also unrelated to impairment, and the critical neuropathological factor appeared to be the total amount of lifetime alcohol consumption
The ductus venosus and the mechanism of its closure.

Although recognized since Vesalius as one of the distinguishing features of the foetal circulation, the precise function of the ductus venosus is uncertain. Anatomically, it provides a direct connexion between the umbilical vein and the inferior vena cava. Functionally, it represents a bypass through which part of the oxygenated umbilical blood flows directly into the inferior vena cava. However, what portion of the umbilical venous blood flow passes through the ductus venosus in the human foetus is not yet known and has so far only been estimated approximately. Not all species of mammals possess a ductus venosus at maturity; it disappears at an early stage of gestation in the horse and the pig. Experiments have shown that occlusion of the ductus venosus in mature foetal lambs causes no significant change in blood pressure, heart rate, or carotid oxygen saturation (Amoroso, Dawes, Mott, and Rennick, 1955). Its continued patency seems to be unnecessary for survival (Blanc, 1960). On the other hand, its absence is occasionally associated with some other malformations, and can cause portal hypertension in the neonatal period (MacMahon, 1960). The findings concerning the structure of the ductus venosus are contradictory and the mechanism of its postnatal functional clQsure is not yet satisfactorily explained; nor is there any agreement concerning the time of closure after birth and the significance of its patency in the neonatal period of life. We have therefore reviewed the published papers in the light of our own studies.
EVALUATION AGILITY INDEXES AND ASPECTS OF HUMAN FORCE

New approaches arrival in production, management, and industrial reengineering influence soft factors more than hard factors in present era. In this agile era, it is not more possible to plan and predict everything beforehand. Therefore, using traditional methods won’t be useful anymore. Agile human force should have collection of flexible abilities to cope with instabilities. In this research, first a model is provided using related studies to agility then a model based on elites ideas was prepared and formulated by Delphi method and judgmental and chain sampling and the confirmed four-step Delphi model of elite panel by five-aspect and various indexes of agility abilities of human force are finalized as following: intelligence and awareness, multiple competences, knowledge management, enabling culture, and information system. Equipping human force to these abilities will have organizations not only reduce risk of facing with uncertainties, but also take step in agility path. Dynamisms and making chain of abilities for human resources is a strategy that can be open many deadlines in developing path.
Can hiatal ballooning be determined by two‐dimensional translabial ultrasound?

Imaging of the levator hiatus, the largest potential hernial portal in the human body, requires axial plane imaging by ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. The aim of this study is to determine whether 2D translabial ultrasound may identify excessive hiatal distensibility by measuring the anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the hiatus. This may become clinically relevant for risk stratification of women prior to prolapse surgery.
Aerobic Bacteriological Profile in Cases of Ocular Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital (Navodaya Medical College & Research Centre, Raichur)

Background: Ocular infections are one of the common diseases of the eye. The current trends in the etiology of ocular infections and their antibacterial susceptibility pattern must be updated to help the clinicians. Objective: To identify the aerobic bacterial profile of ocular infections in patients attending Ophthalmology OPD/IPD. Materials and Methods: 102 patients attending Ophthalmology OPD/IPD in Navodaya Medical College Hospital & Research Centre were analysed from Nov 2010 to Sep 2011. Using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, samples were collected according to the standard protocol. These were cultured for microorganisms ( aerobic bacterial ) were identified. Drug susceptibility was done using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: The most common bacterial pathogen isolated were Staphylococcus aureus(32.8%) followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (25%),other organisms isolated are Streptococcus pneumonia (14.1%), Kiebsiella pneumonia (6.3%), Escherichia coil (4.7%). Bacterial isolates were highly susceptible to Vancomycin(100%), Gentamicin(94.3%) among Gram positive organisms and among Gram negative organisms it is highly susceptible to Tobramycin(100%) and Imipenem(90.9%). Conclusion: The study suggest that Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the most common etiological agents of Ocular infections. Most of the strains were sensitive to Vancomycin and Tobramycin.
Comparison of therapeutic effect of low-dose low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin) vs. oral prednisone in treatment of patients with lichen planus; A clinical trial

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the therapeutic efficacy of subcutaneous enoxaparin versus oral prednisone (as a standard treatment) in patients with disseminated lichen planus. Materials and Methods: In this parallel randomized clinical trial study, overall 48 patients completed the study. 25 patients were treated with subcutaneous enoxaparin 5 mg weekly and 23 patients with 0.5 mg/kg prednisone orally daily until complete remission or a maximum of 8 weeks. The results of itching severity, extent of active lesions and drug side effects were compared. In remission, patients were followed for 6 months for recurrent lesions. Results: In enoxaparin group, 8 patients (32%) had complete remission and 10 patients (40%) had partial improvement. In the oral prednisone group, 16 patients (69.6%) had complete remission and 6 patients (26.1%) had partial improvement (P = 0.005). Average size of active lesions in both groups decreased significantly after treatment, but analysis of covariance showed that the mean lesion size after treatment in the oral prednisone group was significantly lower than the enoxaparin group (P = 0.005). The relapse rate from improved patients in the enoxaparin group was 6 (33%) and in oral prednisone group was 9 (40.9%, P = 0.083). In the enoxaparin group no serious complications was seen. But 22% in the oral prednisone group show side effect, the most common complications were dyspepsia. Conclusion: Low dose enoxaparin on lichen Planus have therapeutic effect and is important for the least side effects but not as much as oral prednisone. But it could be accepted as an alternative treatment.
A Comparative in vitro Study of GK-101 and GK-101E in Caries Removal

(1) This study indicated that both GK-101 and GK-101E exerted a statistically significant chemical action in the removal of carious material, in addition to any mechanical effects of the delivery system and applicator tip. (2) The superiority of GK-101E over saline in caries removal was noted, regardless of lesion consistency. (3) GK-101 was statistically superior to saline in caries removal in medium-hard lesions; it was not statistically superior to saline in lesions of medium consistency.
Development of GABAergic inputs controls the contribution of maturing neurons to the adult hippocampal network

New neurons are continuously generated in the dentate gyrus (DG) in the adult hippocampus, and new granule cells (GCs) have been shown to be necessary for several aspects of learning and memory. Nonetheless, the limited information available regarding the anatomical and physiological development of synaptic inputs onto maturing neurons has restricted our understanding of how new GCs affect cognition. Here, we use photostimulation to demonstrate the time course by which anatomically isolated inhibitory inputs develop onto maturing GCs. We then show that the gradual development of inhibition is sufficient in a computational model to drive learning of novel information in young neurons. Finally, we validate this model observation by using slice physiology to show how inhibition regulates firing probability and plasticity in young GCs. Combined, these data demonstrate that the unique connectivity of immature GCs affords them a functional role that is different from mature neurons in the DG circuit, a distinction that potentially underlies many of the proposed functions of new neurons in the hippocampal network.
Etiquette, Empathy and Trust in Communities of Practice: Stepping-Stones to Social Capital

Creating online communities of practice involves much more than creating software. Software houses online communities of practice activities but social interactions also depend on who is involved, what their goals are, their personalities and the community's norms and policies. By paying attention to these sociability issues, community members can influence how their community develops. Norms that lead to good online etiquette are a stepping-stone to social capital.
A balanced CMOS OpAmp with high EMI immunity

In this paper a balanced CMOS operational amplifier which has higher electromagnetic interference (EMI) immunity compared to a double differential amplifier and standard Miller operational amplifier, has been introduced. The proposed amplifier has better EMI immunity, from 1 MHz - 1 GHz, by keeping specifications such as gain, -3 dB bandwidth, phase margin, power supply rejection and unity gain frequency same as in the Miller operational amplifier. Analysis and simulation results are compared when an EMI signal of 1.1 Vpp applied at the input terminal. The simulation results show that the EMI-induced offset voltage is lesser over a wide range of frequencies for the proposed amplifier.
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES: CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE

A major total quality management initiative by the Malaysian government provided the opportunity to survey over 400 managers in twelve of the twenty-four government agencies about the implementation and impact of TQM, and to compare agencies that have won quality awards to those that have not. Managers from award- winning agencies gave higher ratings of their agency's implementation of TQM, their agency head's emphasis on quality-related objectives, and on leadership behaviors such as clear vision, trust, communication, involvement, and encouragement. They also reported higher levels of emphasis on communication and innovation in their organization's culture. Regression analysis further shows that the managers' perceptions of effective implementation of TQM are related to these leadership behaviors and cultural conditions. The results support many of the prescriptions of TQM proponents and change management experts about conditions for successful change, and indicate that they have applicability across nations and cultures, and to the public sector. The conceptual framework for the study and the survey scales should be of interest to researchers on TQM and organizational change. The government of Malaysia undertook a major total quality management (TQM) initiative during the 1990s. The TQM program included quality awards for which Malaysian national government agencies could compete. The agencies varied in their success at implementing TQM and in competing for awards. This situation provided an opportunity to compare winners and nonwinners of these awards, and to examine
Regional chemotherapy devices: effect of experience and anatomy on complications.

PURPOSE Regional hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) devices have been used for 17 years, but reports of unacceptably high complication rates have led to controversy about their use. Inadequate or misdirected infusion has been reported to occur in up to 45% of patients. We evaluated whether surgeon experience or presence of variant arterial anatomy related to risk of coagulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed 70 patients undergoing placement of HAI catheters. Surgeons were classed as experienced after 10 procedures and arterial anatomy was evaluated angiographically with confirmation at operation. Complications were categorized as technical (17%) or chemotherapy-related (16%). RESULTS Inexperienced surgeons had a technical complication rate of 37% (80% of the patients involved had standard anatomy), while experienced surgeons had a technical complication rate of 7% (P < .01). Experienced surgeons had no complications in patients with standard anatomy, while inexperienced surgeons had a 42% (eight of 19) complication rate in similar patients (P < .01). CONCLUSION We conclude that technical complications are closely associated with surgeon experience and arterial anatomy.
Influence of Environmental Factors on Biotic Responses to Nutrient Enrichment in Agricultural Streams1

Maret, Terry R. , Christopher P. Konrad, and Andrew W. Tranmer, 2010. Influence of Environmental Factors on Biotic Responses to Nutrient Enrichment in Agricultural Streams. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(3):498‐513. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010. 00430.x
Pengaruh Green Marketing, Pengetahuan dan Minat Membeli terhadap Keputusan Pembelian

Green marketing is the company's efforts to provide environmentally friendly products to targeted consumers. Ready to drink (RTD) tea in returnable glass bottling (RGB) packaging is one example of environmental friendly product, where the packaging could be reused after sterilization process. This study aimed to determine the effect of green marketing, knowledge and intention to buy towards purchasing decision of RTD tea in RGB. The main instrument of data collection was a questionnaire that was measured by a Likert scale. The number of respondents in this study were160 respondents, consisting of RTD teain RGB consumers in Malang. Data analysis methods used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results showed that, green marketing, knowledge and buying interest has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decision of RTD tea in RGB
Erythrocyte and reticulocyte indices in iron deficiency in chronic kidney disease: comparison of two methods

Objective. Anaemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in dialysis patients. The recent European guidelines for anaemia treatment in CKD indicate the percentage of hypochromic red cells (%HYPO) and reticulocyte haemoglobin content (CHr) calculated by Siemens ADVIA haematology analysers as a useful tool indicating iron deficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement between CHr and %HYPO parameters and the reticulocyte haemoglobin equivalent (RET‐He) and red blood cell haemoglobin equivalent (RBC‐He) calculated by the Sysmex XE‐2100 haematology analyser in a cohort of 200 dialysis patients referred to the Nephrology Unit of our hospital. Furthermore, we evaluated a new index, the DF‐Hypo XE, obtained from haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct) and RET‐He, provided by the Sysmex XE‐2100, as a new potential marker of %HYPO in dialysed patients. Material and methods. Blood samples collected in EDTA anticoagulant from 200 CKD patients receiving erythropoietin and iron to maintain haemoglobin level between 10 and 12 mg/dL were analysed on both the Siemens ADVIA 2120 and the Sysmex XE‐2100 within 2 h of collection. Results. There was good correlation between CHr and RET‐He (r = 0.88; p<0.0001), %HYPO and DF‐Hypo XE (r = 0.89; p<0.0001) and between RBC‐He and CH (r = 0.96; p<0.0001), but there was a lower correlation, even though statistically significant, between RBC‐He and %HYPO (r = −0.59; p<0.0001). The Altman‐Bland analysis showed a very good level of agreement between CHr and RET‐He (mean bias = 1.04 pg), %HYPO and DF‐Hypo XE (mean bias = 1.73). Using a cut‐off value of 29.4 pg for the RET‐He and of 10.2 for the DF‐Hypo XE, 15 out 17 patients with a CHr <29.0 pg and 9 out 11 patients with a %Hypo <10.0% were respectively correctly identified. Conclusions. Our study shows good correlation and agreement between CHr and RET‐He and between %HYPO and DF‐Hypo XE in evaluating CKD patients needing iron support.