Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lloyd, Joda; Chalklin, Victoria and Bond, Frank W.. 2019. Psychological Processes Underlying the Impact of Gender-Related Discrimination on Psychological Distress in Transgender and Gender

In this study we combined understanding from the Gender Minority Stress and Resilience (GMSR) model (Testa, Habarth, Peta, Balsam, & Bockting, 2015) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 1999, 2012) to test a theoretically integrated and expansive account of the development of psychological distress in transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people. Specifically, we constructed a parallel multiple mediation model in which we examined the role of psychological processes deriving from the GMSR model (i.e., internalized transphobia and identity nondisclosure) and ACT (i.e., psychological inflexibility) in the relationship between gender-related discrimination and psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety and stress). We based this model upon data from a two-wave longitudinal panel design in which 358 TGNC people living in England responded to a battery of measures on two occasions, 12 months apart (herein, Time 1 and Time 2). Initial tests of model fit and temporal invariance indicated that our proposed measurement model offered an excellent fit to the data and demonstrated equivalence of measurement across the two study timepoints. Autoregressive cross-lagged manifest path analysis indicated that while our hypothesized full structural model offered an excellent fit to the data, psychological inflexibility alone mediated the relationships between gender-related discrimination and depression, anxiety and stress. Model comparison analysis confirmed the redundancy of internalized transphobia and identity nondisclosure as mediators and ruled out alternative patterns of causality. We discuss theoretical, empirical and practical implications for the field of TGNC mental health.
Time-dependent galactic winds - I. Structure and evolution of galactic outflows accompanied by cosmic ray acceleration

Context. Cosmic rays (CRs) are transported out of the galaxy by diffusion and advection due to streaming along magnetic field lines and resonant scattering off self-excited MHD waves. Thus momentum is transferred to the plasma via the frozen-in waves as a mediator assisting the thermal pressure in driving a galactic wind. Aims. The bulk of the Galactic CRs (GCRs) are accelerated by shock waves generated in supernova remnants (SNRs), a significant fraction of which occur in OB associations on a timescale of several 10 7 years. We examine the effect of changing boundary conditions at the base of the galactic wind due to sequential SN explosions on the outflow. Thus pressure waves will steepen into shock waves leading to in situ post-acceleration of GCRs. Methods. We performed hydrodynamical simulations of galactic winds in flux tube geometry appropriate for disk galaxies, describing the CR diffusive-advective transport in a hydrodynamical fashion (by taking appropriate moments of the Fokker-Planck equation) along with the energy exchange with self-generated MHD waves. Results. Our time-dependent CR hydrodynamic simulations confirm the existence of time asymptotic outflow solutions (for constant boundary conditions), which are in excellent the agreement with the steady state galactic wind solutions described by Breitschwerdt et al. (1991, A&A, 245, 79). It is also found that high-energy particles escaping from the Galaxy and having a power-law distribution in energy (∝E −2.7 ) similar to the Milky Way with an upper energy cut-off at ∼10 15 eV are subjected to efficient and rapid post-SNR acceleration in the lower galactic halo up to energies of 10 17 −10 18 eV by multiple shock waves propagating through the halo. The particles can gain energy within less than 3kpc from the galactic plane corresponding to flow times less than 5 × 10 6 years. Since particles are advected downstream of the shocks, i.e. towards the galactic disk, they should be easily observable, and their flux should be fairly isotropic. Conclusions. The mechanism described here offers a natural and elegant solution to explain the power-law distribution of CRs between the “knee” and the “ankle”.
Dehn filling hyperbolic $3$-manifolds.

THEOREM 1.1. (a) Let VQ be any positive real number. Then the set of 1-cusped hyperbolic S-manifolds of volume greater than VQ is a complete family of parent manifolds. (b) Let V\ be any positive real number. Then the set of 1-cusped hyperbolic S-manifolds of cusp volume greater than V\ is a complete family of parent manifolds. (c) The set of 2-cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds containing embedded totally geodesic surfaces is a complete family of ancestor {actually grandparent) manifolds. (d) For any positive integer N, the set of hyperbolic 3-manifolds, each of which shares its volume with N or more other hyperbolic 3-manifolds, is a complete family of ancestor manifolds. As a corollary to Theorem l{b), we prove that there exists a complete family of parent manifolds such that at most one Dehn filling on each manifold in the family yields a manifold of finite fundamental group.
The First Fifty Years of Modern Econometrics

We characterize modern econometrics in terms of the emergence a widely accepted analytical framework. A major theme which dominated much of the debate through the century was whether and how econometric models can reflect theory-generated economic structures. In the period prior to the 2nd world war, economists adopted a wide variety of analytical methods, some ad hoc but others reflecting advances in statistical methodology. Business cycle analysis and demand analysis were the two major areas in which statistical theory was employed. Methods became increasingly formalized but problems of data adequacy, estimation and identification were not always well distinguished. During and immediately after the war, Cowles Commission research sought to base econometrics on autonomous probabilistic models specified in terms of underlying structural parameters. Least squares would not normally be consistent in such models and maximum likelihood estimation was to be preferred. Subsequently, however, the pendulum swung back towards least squares-based methods and this was reflected in the textbook expositions of what was accepted as standard econometrics in the late sixties and early seventies. Subsequently, the paradigm was undermined by the challenges imposed by rational expectations modelling, which challenged standard identification assumptions, and by the poor forecasting performance of many macroeconomic models by comparison with black box time series competitors. The result was a revival of non-structural modelling, particularly in the analysis of macroeconomic data.
Pre-Service Science Teachers’ PCK: Inconsistency of Pre-Service Teachers’ Predictions and Student Learning Difficulties in Newton’s Third Law

Background:There is widespread agreement that science learning always builds upon students’ existing ideas and that science teachers should possess knowledge of learners.Materials and methods:This study aims at investigating pre-service science teachers’ knowledge of student misconceptions and difficulties, a crucial component of PCK, on Newton’s Third Law. A questionnaire was designed and conducted to 143 pre-service science teachers enrolled in a normal university in China. A comparison between participants’ predictions and student actual outcomes was detected.Results:The result revealed a tendency for pre-service science teachers to under-predict the problem-solving ability of senior high school students. Furthermore, most pre-service science teachers neglected two common learning difficulties in Newton’s Third Law.Conclusions:It seems that there is a need to help pre-service science teachers be aware of their own misunderstandings about students.
EXISTENCE OF VISCOSITY SOLUTIONS FOR A NONLOCAL EQUATION MODELLING POLYMER CRYSTAL GROWTH

The datas κ, ḡ, u0 and v0 satisfy Assumption (A) below. Following [7, 10], the 3-dimensional version of this system modelizes the growth of the surface Γ(t) of a polymer crystal in a nonhomogeneous temperature field v(x, t). In this model one describes the evolving surface Γ(t) of the crystal by (0.2), i.e., as the 0-level-set of the auxiliary function u. This is the level-set approach, see [11] and references therein. It has experimentaly been observed that the normal velocity Vn of the crystal is a known, positive function of the temperature:
Field Validation of NSTaR for Rice Produced on Silt Loam Soils in Arkansas Soil Fertility & Plant Nutrition

Soil Sci. Soc.Am. J. 77:539–545 doi:10.2136/sssaj2012.0252 Received 10 Aug. 2012. *Corresponding author (tlrobert@uark.edu). © Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Field Validation of N-STaR for Rice Produced on Silt Loam Soils in Arkansas Soil Fertility & Plant Nutrition
EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE

The synchronization of business cycles is strictly related with the functioning conditions in the currency areas. Being a general requirement for membership in such an area, the synchronization of business cycles was probed by the view that, in any case, it would result from the very operation of the optimal currency zone. For Eurasia as a broad context, the European perspective seems to be important. For instance, the experience of a formal economic union such as the one that has existed in Europe since 1999 could be harnessed to better understand the challenges that a union of this kind might face in Eurasia, just as the one that has recently been constituted. The article considers this approach, through the analysis of the evolution of the synchronization of business cycles, as a relevant element in the (smooth) functioning of any economic and monetary union. Taking this into account, we consider a reasonably long time period (1990-2016) and a large sample of countries (50), i.e. all those integrated into some kind of formal economic union existing in this relevant geopolitical region, namely the European Union (EU) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), as well as 17 non-integrated countries, as a control group. In what concerns the results, during the 1990-1998 period, the degree of business cycles synchronization was, in general, fairly low, even for countries already integrated in an economic community. The degree of synchronization of business cycles has, generally, fairly increased in the period 19992007, notably in European countries (not in the EU alone). Finally, in the period 2008-2016, which includes the recent global financial crisis, there was a broad decline in the synchronization of business cycles, which was not so obvious for the countries integrated in a formal economic union. In fact, it seems to be possible to conclude that belonging to a union of this kind is a crucial prerequisite for the inexistence of evidently idiosyncratic business cycles.
Assessing the Distributive Impact of a Revenue—Neutral Shift from a Uniform Property Tax to a Two-Rate Property Tax with a Uniform Credit

A number of economists have argued that a property tax with a lower rate applied to improvement values than to land values is superior to a property tax with a uniform tax rate that yields the same total revenue. This paper explores the statutory incidence of shifting to two-rate property taxation from single-rate property taxation. The authors recommend a tax credit provision to mitigate the regressive tendencies of this type of tax reform.
Slowing time by stretching the waves in special relativity

The time dilation of special relativity is considered as a pure relativistic phenomenon not deduced from wavelength distortion. Alternatively, it is suggested here that time distortion always originates from wavelength distortion, including in special relativity. A link between the special relativistic time and the quantum of time is first established to propose that wavelengths are adjustable uncertainty parameters allowing to maintain the invariance of the light speed and the number of periods. The light clock of Einstein is then used to develop a new Doppler analysis in the frame of an external observer and transformed to cancel the virtual effect between comoving points. This approach yields a conjectural Doppler formula with remarkable properties. Contrary to the previous Doppler equations characterized by their asymmetry, the new formula gives geometrically symmetrical Doppler effects in the whole space in front and behind the closest point from the source, whose center of gravity corresponds precisely to a global inter-frame dilation factor $ 1/\sqrt{1-(v/c)^2} $. These results extend the direct relation between wavelength and time distortion to special relativity. \\
Delayed North Atlantic Response to Solar Forcing of the Stratospheric Polar Vortex

A delayed response of the winter North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) to the 11-year solar cycle has been observed and modeled in recent studies. However, the mechanisms creating this 2−4- year delay to the solar cycle have still not been well-understood. This study examines the effects of the 11-year solar cycle and the resulting modulation in the strength of the winter stratospheric polar vortex. A coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model is used to simulate these effects by introducing a mechanis- tic forcing in the stratosphere. The intensified stratospheric polar vortex is shown to induce positive and negative ocean temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic Ocean. The positive ocean tem- perature anomaly migrated northward and was amplified when it approached an oceanic frontal zone approximately 3 years after the forcing became maximum. This delayed ocean response is similar to that observed. The result of this study supports a previ- ous hypothesis that suggests that the 11-year solar cycle signals on the Earth’s surface are produced through a downward penetration of the changes in the stratospheric circulation. Furthermore, the spatial structure of the signal is modulated by its interaction with the ocean circulation.
Update on linear mode photon counting with the HgCdTe linear mode avalanche photodiode

Abstract. The behavior of the gain-voltage characteristic of the mid-wavelength infrared cutoff HgCdTe linear mode avalanche photodiode (e-APD) is discussed both experimentally and theoretically as a function of the width of the multiplication region. Data are shown that demonstrate a strong dependence of the gain at a given bias voltage on the width of the n− gain region. Geometrical and fundamental theoretical models are examined to explain this behavior. The geometrical model takes into account the gain-dependent optical fill factor of the cylindrical APD. The theoretical model is based on the ballistic ionization model being developed for the HgCdTe APD. It is concluded that the fundamental theoretical explanation is the dominant effect. A model is developed that combines both the geometrical and fundamental effects. The model also takes into account the effect of the varying multiplication width in the low bias region of the gain-voltage curve. It is concluded that the lower than expected gain seen in the first 2×8 HgCdTe linear mode photon counting APD arrays, and higher excess noise factor, was very likely due to the larger than typical multiplication region length in the photon counting APD pixel design. The implications of these effects on device photon counting performance are discussed.
Distribution of Hopanoid Triterpenes in Prokaryotes

Pentacyclic triterpenoids of the hopane family were found in about half of some 100 strains of prokaryotes belonging to diverse taxonomic groups, such a wide distribution indicating the biological significance of these compounds. Hopanoids were found in almost all the cyanobacteria and obligate methylotrophs examined, in all the purple non-sulphur bacteria studied and in many taxonomically diverse Gram-negative or Gram-positive chemohetero-trophs. They were absent in all archaebacteria and purple sulphur bacteria examined as well as in various other Gram-positive or Gram-negative genera. The C30 hopanoids, diploptene and diplopterol, are present in almost all hopanoid-containing prokaryotes. The major compounds are always the C35 bacteriohopanepolyols, which are present at a level of 0.1-2 mg per g dry weight, the most common one being bacteriohopanetetrol. Because of their structural characteristics and their influence on the properties of biological membrane models, these compounds might be the structural equivalents of the sterols found in eukaryotes.
ON NONPARAMETRIC SERIES ESTIMATION WITH APPLICATION TO FINANCIAL

Essays on Nonparametric Series Estimation with Application to Financial Econometrics. (August 2011) Meng-Shiuh Chang, B.S., National ChiaoTung University; M.B.A., Tamkang University; M.S.C. , University of York Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Ximing Wu This dissertation includes two essays. In the first essay, I proposed an alternative estimator for multivariate densities. This estimator can be characterized as a transformation based estimator. The first stage estimates each marginal density separately. In the second stage, the joint density of estimated marginal cumulative distribution functions (CDF) are approximated by the exponential series estimator. The final estimate is then obtained as the product of the marginal densities and the joint density estimated in the second stage. Extensive Monte Carlo studies show the proposed estimator outperforms kernel estimators in joint density and tail distribution estimation. An illustrative example on estimating the conditional copula density between S&P 500 and FTSE 100 given Hangseng and Nikkei 225 is also discussed. In the second essay, I extended the semiparametric model by Chen and Fan [X. Chen, Y. Fan, Estimation of copula-based semiparametric time series models, Journal of Econometrics 130 (2006) 307–335], and studied a class of univariate copula-based nonparametric stationary Markov models in which the copulas and the marginal distributions are estimated nonparametrically. In particular, I focused on the stationary Markov process of order 1 with continuous state space because it has the β-mixing property for the analysis of weakly dependent processes. The copula density functions for time series models are approximated by the series estimate on sieve spaces. In this
Service Platform for Vehicular Networks

In this paper, we summarize a study on related Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) standards, some past research projects and propose a solution for a service platform in a vehicular environment. We present and analyse the measurements taken with our developed service supporting platform and evaluate the feasibility of store and forward mechanisms and also dierent types of communication: multi-hop, Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), Infrastructure-to-Vehicle (I2V) between two Road Side Unitss (RSUs) and an On-Board Unit (OBU) (installed in a vehicle). Our study shows the practicability and possibility of transmitting data in such an environment with little packet loss and latency.
Comprehensive exploration of the anticancer activities of procaine and its binding with calf thymus DNA: a multi spectroscopic and molecular modelling study

Procaine is an anesthetic drug commonly administrated topically or intravenously for use in local anesthesia. Promisingly, some anticancer activities of procaine have also been reported. Therefore, the mechanism of interaction between anesthetic drug procaine with ct-DNA was determined collectively by means of various spectroscopic and molecular docking methods. Minor groove 1 : 1 binding of procaine to the ct-DNA was evidenced from absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching, DNA melting, competitive binding measurements with EB and DAPI dyes, viscosity and CD spectroscopy together with molecular docking simulations and DFT calculations. Molecular docking on five different B-DNA structures (taken from the Protein Data Bank) shows that procaine binds in the AT rich region of all five B-DNA structures. Thermodynamic parameters, evaluated using van't Hoff's isotherm, shown that the interaction was feasible and the binding forces involved were hydrophobic as well as hydrogen bonding which were, further, confirmed by molecular docking. The frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) of procaine and DNA bases have been calculated by DFT method and the chemical potential (μ), chemical hardness (η) and fraction number of electrons (ΔN) from procaine to DNA bases were evaluated, which have shown that procaine acts as an electron donor to the DNA bases. Simultaneously, anticancer activities of procaine alone and in combination with doxorubicin were observed on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The results showed that the combined treatment with both procaine and doxorubicin enhanced the cytotoxic and apoptotic inducing potential of doxorubicin.
The Influence of Psychographic Beliefs on Website Usability Requirements

Traci Hess was the accepting Senior Editor. This article was submitted on 2/20/2012 and accepted on 11/4/2013. It was with the authors 56 weeks for 3 revisions. Massey, A. P., Khatri, V. , and Minas, R. K. (2013) “The Influence of Psychographic Beliefs on Website Usability Requirements,” AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction, (5) 4, pp. 157-174