Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Islam and Islamic Practices in Georgia

This article focuses on religious practices among Muslims in the Republic of Georgia today. It considers relations between Muslims and other religious groups; the influence of religion on everyday life in Georgia; the relationship between the religious and national consciousness; and tensions between supporters of the syncretic forms of Islam that have been traditionally practiced in Georgia and the allegedly "pure" and "alien" forms of Islam that are typically, although not necessarily accurately, referred to as "Wahhabism" in post-Soviet space.
Design of Novel S-Shaped Quad-Band Antenna for MedRadio/WMTS/ISM Implantable Biotelemetry Applications

A novel S-shaped quad-band planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is proposed for implantable biotelemetry in the Medical Device Radiocommunications Service (MedRadio) band (401–406 MHz), Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS) band (1427–1432 MHz), and industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands (433-434 MHz and 2.4–2.4835 GHz). The proposed antenna reveals compact dimension of 254 mm3 ( mm3) and is composed of three substrates and a superstrate, which are constructed from an S-shaped radiator (layer 1) and two twin radiators of spiral structures (layer 2 and layer 3). The optimal antenna characteristics were measured in the ground pork skin, and the measured bandwidths are 150 MHz for the MedRadio and ISM bands (433 MHz), 52 MHz for the WMTS band, and 102 MHz for the ISM band (2.4 GHz), respectively. The characteristics of proposed antenna are enough to support the applications of implantable body area networks (BAN) for biotelemetry and can completely cover main available frequency bands of BAN for biotelemetry below 3 GHz.
Effect of Using Waste Material as Filler in Bituminous Mix Design

Bituminous concrete or asphaltic concrete is one of the highest and costliest types of flexible pavement layers used in surface course. Being of high cost specifications, the bituminous mixes are properly designed to satisfy the design requirements of the stability and durability. The mixture contains dense grading of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and mineral filler coated with bitumen binder. The mineral filler passing through 0.075 mm sieve performs some important roles in bituminous mixes. Marshall Stability of bituminous mix increases as the amount of filler increases. The Asphalt Institute recommends the use of 4 to 8% filler in asphalt concrete. The common filler materials like cement, lime stone, granite powder etc. is not easily and economically available in Bangladesh. Waste concrete dust and brick dust are considered to be cheaper and in abundant supply in Bangladesh. In this study an attempt is made to find the effect of types of filler on the behavior of bituminous mixes. According the properties of bituminous mixes containing filler like waste concrete dust and brick dust is studied and compared with the mixes containing filler like fine sand and stone dust mixture generally used. The Marshall method of mix design was used for the comparison. The Marshall stabilities of mix types containing filler fine sand and stone dust mixture, waste concrete dust and brick dust were found 9.8 KN, 11.1 KN and 11.3 KN respectively which satisfy the limiting value of 5.33 KN according to Marshall Design criteria. The study indicates the possibility of using waste concrete dust and brick dust as filler in bituminous mix.
Vulnerability Assessment of Groundwater to Contamination Using Electrical Resistivity Method at the Open Dumpsite in Gosa, Abuja, Nigeria

Electrical resistivity method was used to investigate the open dumpsite at Gosa, Abuja in order to determine the vulnerability of the groundwater in the area as well as the surrounding environment to leachate contamination. A total of sixteen (16) vertical electrical sounding points with maximum current electrode of 100 m were investigated. The data were analyzed and used to establish the parameters required to fulfil the objectives of this research. A maximum of four geoelectric sections were identified in the area. They included sandy topsoil, clayey sand, weathered basement and fractured/fresh basement. Apparent resistivity values obtained for the four layers delineated were between 64.6 Ωm and 215.5 Ωm for the first layer; 19.0 Ωm and 295.6 Ωm for the second layer; 66.9 Ωm and 1003.7 Ωm for the third layer; and 438.0 Ωm and 1719.9 Ωm for the fourth layer. Furthermore, the ranges of the thickness of the layers were found to be 0.7 m and 12.9 m for the first layer; 1.3 m and 9.8 m for the second layer; and 1.6 m and 11.6 m for the third layer. The depths of water table in the area were estimated to range between 2.1 and 21.6 m. The parameters used in characterizing the aquifer protective capacity of the overburden units were layer thickness and their corresponding resistivity values. Accordingly, the total longitudinal layer conductance of the overburden of the area was generally found to be low, ranging between 0.014 mhos and 0.063 mhos, implying that the aquifer protective capacity of the area is poor. The 1D resistivity cross section for the three profiles investigated exposed the movement of contaminants toward the aquifer, further validating the fact that the aquifer is not protected. The low protective capacity of the area aided the conclusion that the water aquifer in the area was highly vulnerable to leachate contamination from the dumpsite.
A Causal Relationship Model of Acceptance and Usage of Smartphone Educational Service Information System (SESIS) of Higher Education in Bangkok

The purposes of this research were to develop and validate a causal relationship model of acceptance and usage of smartphone educational service information system (SESIS) of higher education in Bangkok. The research model consisted of six latent variables: context, trust, personal initiative and characters, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intention to use. A sample of 382 undergraduate students in both private and government universities in Bangkok who had experiences of using SESIS participated in the study. The research instrument was a Five-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed by using SPSS Program and Mplus program version 6.12. The findings revealed that a causal relationship model of acceptance and usage of smartphone educational service information system (SESIS) of higher education in Bangkok with regard to the hypothesis was consistent to the empirical data. Trust had a positive direct effect on intention to use. Similarly, the perceived usefulness positively direct affected intention to use. In the contrast, personal initiative and characteristic, and perceived ease of use influenced the intention to use insignificantly. However, context significantly influenced the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, whereas perceived ease of use insignificantly affected the perceived usefulness. Finally, this research revealed that latent variable that affected the intention to use SESIS the most was trust. Hence, trust is the most important factor to consider in understanding information system acceptance and usage behavior. Keywords: smartphone educational service information system, intention to use, acceptance and usage of information technology, structure equation model
Isolation and characterization of β-sitosterol-D-glycoside from petroleum extract of the leaves of Ocimum sanctum L.

β-sitosterol-D-glycoside was isolated from the petroleum ether extract of the leaves of Ocimum sanctum L. This compound has not been previously isolated or reported from the leaves of this variety. The structures of β-sitosterol-D-glycoside are elucidated with the help of UV, IR, H-NMR, C-NMR, spectral data.
Complete Nucleotide Sequence of a Satellite RNA of Tomato Black Ring Virus

SUMMARY Double-stranded cDNA copies of the satellite RNA of tomato black ring virus (strain S) have been cloned in pBR322 and sequenced. From these data the primary nucleotide sequence of the satellite RNA was deduced; it contains 1375 nucleotides and a poly(A) tail. Only one long open reading flame was found which codes for a protein of mol. wt. 47 873. This sequence is flanked by a Y-terminal sequence of 13 nucleotides and a 3' non-coding region of 87 nucleotides, which contains a sequence that resembles signals for polyadenylation in other RNA molecules.
Wood Ash as a Corrective and Fertilizer in Safflower Crop in Oxisol of Brazilian Cerrado

This study aimed at estimating the wood ash as a corrective and fertilizer in the safflower crop. This study was done with respect to the development, growth, and production of safflower in response to the wood ash doses applied to Oxisol of the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Adopting the completely randomized design and using five wood ash doses (0, 8, 16, 24, 32 g dm-3) and six replicates, the experiments were performed under greenhouse conditions. Each experimental unit included a 2 dm3 pot, filled with soil that had been incubated earlier for 30 days. The variables studied included soil pH, plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), number of leaves (plant-1), SPAD index, internal and external diameters of the chapters (cm), number of chapters (plant-1), chapters dry mass (g pot-1), shoot dry mass (g pot-1), volume (cm3 pot-1) and root dry mass (g pot-1) Analysis of variance and subsequent regression test were performed for all the data using SISVAR software, at 5% probability for both. The variables internal and external diameter of the chapters and root volume showed no significant differences. The soil pH revealed a significant effect of the wood ash application tending towards linearity, as did the other vegetative variables of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and SPAD index. The productive constituents exhibited improved development when the wood ash was applied to the soil in doses of around 24 g dm-3 or more.
Null Asymptotics of Solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell Equations in General Relativity and Gravitational Radiation

We prove that for spacetimes solving the Einstein-Maxwell (EM) equations, the electromagnetic field contributes at highest order to the nonlinear memory effect of gravitational waves. In [5] D. Christodoulou showed that gravitational waves have a nonlinear memory. He discussed how this effect can be measured as a permanent displacement of test masses in a laser interferometer gravitational wave detector. Christodoulou derived a precise formula for this permanent displacement in the Einstein vacuum (EV) case. We prove in Theorem 6 that for the EM equations this permanent displacement exhibits a term coming from the electromagnetic field. This term is at the same highest order as the purely gravitational term that governs the EV situation. On the other hand, in Chapter 3, we show that to leading order, the presence of the electromagnetic field does not change the instantaneous displacement of the test masses. Following the method introduced by D. Christodoulou in [5] and asymptotics derived by N. Zipser in [8] and [9], we investigate gravitational radiation at null infinity in spacetimes solving the EM equations. We study the Bondi mass loss formula at null infinity derived in [9]. We show that the mass loss formula from [9] is compatible with the one in Bondi coordinates obtained in [4]. And we observe that the presence of the electromagnetic field increases the total energy radiated to infinity up to leading order. Moreover, we compute the limit of the area radius at null infinity in Theorem 7.
COMPARISON OF NEW GENERIC AND ORIGINAL RAMIPRIL IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK

Aim. To compare efficacy of ramipril generic Hartil® (Egis) to original drug Tritace® in patients with arterial hypertension (HT) of 1-2 degree and high cardiovascular risk, and to evaluate target blood pressure (BP) achievement when taking each drug separately and in combination with the calcium channel blocker amlodipine. Material and methods. A total of 27 patients (14 men, 13 women) with HT of 1-2 degree and high risk due to combination of HT with ischemic heart disease, diabetes or previous stroke were included in an open randomized crossover study. Each patient received generic and original ramipril during 6 weeks by turns. Antihypertensive efficacy (the target BP level <130/80) was evaluated every 2 weeks. In case of treatment inefficiency a dose was doubled and amlodipine (Cardilopin, Egis) was added. After 6 weeks of treatment with the first drug of ramipril the second one was administered. Results. After 6-week Hartil treatment the mean systolic BP (sBP) decreased by 20,0 mm Hg compared to the baseline level, while at Tritace treatment – by 22,2 mm Hg. The mean diastolic BP (dBP) decreased by 10,8 and 8,6 mm Hg respectively (differences between the drugs were insignificant). Twenty patients treated with Hartil and 16 patients treated with Tritace required Cardilopin prescription. The target BP<130/80 was achieved in 10 patients (38,5%) who took Hartil and in 13 patients (50%) treated with the original ramipril (differences between the drugs were insignificant). Conclusion. Therapeutic equivalence of the generic ramipril Hartil and the original drug Tritace was demonstrated. Monotherapy efficacy was low in high-risk patients with HT of 1-2 degree, and combined therapy with two antihypertensive drugs was effective in 40-50% of cases.
Employee perceptions of HIV & AIDS on the hospitality industry in Zimbabwe

HIV & AIDS prevalence is causing lots of deaths in the hospitality industry affecting the most productive population. The study was conducted to explore employee perceptions of HIV & AIDS on the hospitality industry. Using qualitative research philosophy data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires from employees at selected hotel establishments. The data was analyzed thematically. Two critical themes emerged from the study. Firstly HIV & AIDS was being treated as a taboo subject and secondly; there are no clear organizational policies on HIV & AIDS. The researchers concluded that hospitality organizations are still ignorant of devastating existence of HIV & AIDS. Three recommendations were made from the study. Hospitality establishments should embrace the fact that HIV & AIDS exist, Organizations should work with employees to produce workable policies and that organizations should take heed of government efforts in tackling HIV & AIDS and do their part in this international cause.
Lifshitz phase transitions in the ferromagnetic regime of the Kondo lattice model

We establish the low-temperature phase diagrams of the spin-1/2 and spin-1 Kondo lattice models as a function of the conduction-band filling n and the exchange coupling strength J in the regime of ferromagnetic effective exchange interactions (n ~< 0.5). We show that both models have several distinct ferromagnetic phases separated by continuous Lifshitz transitions of the Fermi-pocket vanishing or emergence type: one of the phases has a true gap in the minority band (half metal), the others only a pseudogap. They can be experimentally distinguished by their magnetization curves; only the gapped phase exhibits magnetization rigidity. We find that, quite generically, ferromagnetism and Kondo screening coexist rather than compete, both in spin-1/2 and spin-1 models. We compute the Curie temperatures and establish a "ferromagnetic Doniach diagram" for both models.
Use of hexamethyldisiloxane for p-type microcrystalline silicon oxycarbide layers

The use of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) as an oxygen source for the growth of p-type silicon-based layers deposited by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition is evaluated. The use of this source led to the incorporation of almost equivalent amounts of oxygen and carbon, resulting in microcrystalline silicon oxycarbide thin films. The layers were examined with characterisation techniques including Spectroscopic Ellipsometry, Dark Conductivity, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Transmission Electron Microscopy to check material composition and structure. Materials studies show that the refractive indices of the layers can be tuned over the range from 2.5 to 3.85 (measured at 600 nm) and in-plane dark conductivities over the range from 10-8 S/cm to 1 S/cm, suggesting that these doped layers are suitable for solar cell applications. The p-type layers were tested in single junction amorphous silicon p-i-n type solar cells.
Water use characteristics of a bambara groundnut ('Vigna subterranea' L. Verdc) landrace during seedling establishment

Bambara groundnut is slow to establish and this has negative implications for total water use. Consideration of bambara groundnut as a water-efficient crop for dry areas will benefit from an understanding of water use efficiency and water use characteristics during establishment. We investigated whether there is an association between seed-coat colour of bambara groundnut seeds and water use efficiency. A secondary objective was to determine physiological and metabolic responses of bambara groundnut to terminal water stress during seedling establishment. Bambara groundnut seedlings showed reduced seedling canopy growth, increased root length and root: shoot ratio, as well as increased total soluble sugars and tissue water potential with decreasing water availability - traits associated with drought avoidance mechanisms. Consequently, seedling water use efficiency improved with decreasing water availability. Acclimation to water stress was observed under terminal stress; previously stressed seedlings responded better than previously non-stressed seedlings. Dark-coloured seeds had higher levels of phenolics which may have led to their enhanced performance during seedling emergence as well as improved drought tolerance and seedling WUE.
Turning 18: What a Difference Application of Adult Criminal Law Makes

This paper contributes to the literature on specific deterrence by addressing the issue of selecting adolescents into adult and juvenile law systems. In Germany, different from the U.S. and most other countries, turning a critical cutoff age does not cause a sharp discontinuity from juvenile to adult penal law, but rather implies a shift to a discretionary system of both adult and juvenile law, dependent on the courts' impression of moral and mental personal development of the adolescent at the time of the act. The German legal system draws the line of adulthood at some fuzzy age interval between 18 and 21, which is well above the thresholds prevailing in the U.S. (16 to 18 years, state specific) and other countries such that the German evidence entails some external evidence to the previous literature mostly relying on U.S. data. Based on a unique inmate survey and two-equation models controlling for selectivity problems, results show that application of adult criminal law instead of juvenile penal law decreases expected recidivism of adolescents.
STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS OF AN ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHOD: HINTS AS AN OPTION FOR EXAM QUESTIONS

For educators, creating and administering effective evaluation tools can be arduous. Tests and quizzes, the traditional approach, must be challenging enough to assess the student’s mastery of course material, yet not so difficult as to frustrate and dishearten. Additionally, instructors must account for the inevitable range of student aptitude in each class. Part of evaluation involves rewarding prepared students with high scores and penalizing neglectful students with low scores. Hence, there is a delicate balance. If an exam is too easy, all students receive high scores and there is no incentive for good students to prepare. Too difficult, even average students will fail. Evaluating student performance is a complex undertaking, as aptitude is not the only consideration. Factors such as stress can lead to poor scores. Students are often intimidated when asked to compose answers to exam questions. This is especially true for exams requiring detailed technical answers. Low confidence levels and test anxiety can cause a student who knows the material to “draw a blank”, unable to recall the exact terms. Most instructors strive for a negatively skewed unimodal grade distribution, where most student scores cluster toward the high end of the scale. Sadly, bimodal distributions are commonplace because test answers tend to be binary – they are either correct or incorrect. Students who are well prepared answer most questions correctly and receive high scores. Students who are not prepared do not answer correctly and receive low scores. However, what of the students who fall between these two groups? Can students “sort of” know the answer? If the instructor’s goal is a negatively skewed unimodal grade distribution, what can be done to increase these students’ scores? Hints for difficult questions can be helpful to overwhelmed students. Sometimes a very subtle bit of information about the correct answer can spark a student’s memory, leading to a satisfactory response. However, to be fair to all students, hints must be equitably distributed. Prepared students with no need of help should be rewarded for their efforts. Again, a balance must be struck. Students who will benefit from hints should be able to use them. But this advantage should come at a cost. In an effort to mitigate this issue, we propose a bartering system that allows students to trade test points for hints that lead to the correct answer. If a student needs help on a test question, he can click a button to receive a hint. This transaction provides the student with supplemental information, but lowers the total points earned for a correct response. While the student stands to earn fewer points, he increases his likelihood of a correct answer.
Angling web forums as an additional tool for detection of new fish introductions: the first record of Perca fluviatilis in continental Portugal

Key-words: Biological invasions, angling, freshwater introductions, invasive fish This work reports for the first time the presence of a non-native fish, the European Perch (Perca fluviatilis), in continental Portugal. The presence of this species was first reported on an angling web forum and its occur- rence was scientifically confirmed later in a small reservoir of the Tagus river basin, located in the central region of Portugal. The importance of the angling web forums as a useful tool to help detection of non-native fish species introductions and their potential for education on biological invasions is discussed.
Long Strides on the Journey toward Self-Authorship: Substantial Developmental Shifts in College Students' Meaning Making

This article reports on a study that examined the subset of qualitative cases in the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education where students experienced substantial self-authorship shifts over the first three college years (N = 30 students, 90 narratives). Engagement in experiences and roles demanding more sophisticated, internal meaning making promoted substantial developmental shifts.
H–spaces, loop spaces and the space of positive scalar curvature metrics on the sphere

For dimensions n 3, we show that the space Riem C . S n / of metrics of positive scalar curvature on the sphere S n is homotopy equivalent to a subspace of itself which takes the form of an H‐space with a homotopy commutative, homotopy associative product operation. This product operation is based on the connected sum construction. We then exhibit an action on this subspace of the operad obtained by applying the bar construction to the little n‐disks operad. Using results of Boardman, Vogt and May we show that this implies, when n 3, that the path component of Riem C . S n / containing the round metric is weakly homotopy equivalent to an n‐fold loop space. Furthermore, we show that when nD 3 or n 5, the space Riem C . S n / is weakly homotopy equivalent to an n‐fold loop space provided a conjecture of Botvinnik concerning positive scalar curvature concordance is resolved in the affirmative. 53C99; 55S99