Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Görme yetersizliğinden etkilenmiş ve normal gelişim gösteren çocukların sosyal becerilerinin karşılaştırılması

Bu arastirmanin amaci, 7–12 yaslarindaki, gorme yetersizliginden etkilenmis cocuklarin sosyal beceri duzeylerini normal gelisim gosteren akranlari ile karsilastirmak ve gorme yetersizliginden etkilenmis cocuklarin sosyal beceri duzeylerini egitim ortami, yas ve cinsiyet degiskenlerine bagli olarak degerlendirmektir. Arastirmanin calisma grubunu, 2009–2010 egitim-ogretim yilinda, Istanbul Ili’nde yer alan Milli Egitim Bakanligi’na bagli resmi Ilkogretim Okullari’nda bulunan 100 katilimci olusturmaktadir. Arastirmanin verileri, Sosyal Beceri Derecelendirme Sistemi (SBDS) anasinifi–6.sinif ogretmen formu kullanilarak toplanmistir. Arastirma sonuclari, normal gelisim gosteren cocuklarin sosyal beceri duzeylerinin, gorme yetersizliginden etkilenmis cocuklara gore daha gelismis oldugunu gostermistir. Ek olarak, arastirma verileri kaynastirma ortamlarinda bulunan gorme yetersizliginden etkilenmis cocuklarin sosyal beceri duzeylerinin ayristirilmis egitim ortamlarinda bulunan gorme yetersizliginden etkilenmis akranlarina gore daha gelismis oldugunu gostermistir. Arastirma bulgulari tartisilmis ve uygulamalara yonelik onerilerde bulunulmustur
Work-family conflict and job burn-out among Chinese doctors: the mediating role of coping styles

Background Burn-out among doctors threatens their own health, and that of their patients. To identify risk factors of the doctor burn-out is vital to improving their health and increasing the quality of healthcare services. This study aims to explore the relationship between work-family conflict (WFC) and burn-out among Chinese doctors and the mediating role of coping styles in this relationship. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in China, with a questionnaire packet which consisted of the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory (CMBI), WFC Scale and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). A total of 2530 doctors participated in the survey. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between CMBI, WFC and SCSQ scores. A linear regression model was set to determine the mediating role of coping styles on the relationship between WFC and burn-out. Results Doctors who had higher scores on work interfering with family conflict, reported more emotional exhaustion (r=0.514, P<0.001) and had a sense of accomplishment (r=−0.149, P<0.001). Simultaneously, family interfering with work (FIW) was positively associated with all dimensions of burn-out (r=0.213, 0.504, 0.088, respectively, P<0.001). Coping styles had partial, complete and even mediating effects on the relationship between WFC and burn-out among Chinese doctors. Conclusions WFC was correlated with burn-out, and coping style was a mediator in this relationship among Chinese doctors. Coping style was a positive resource against burn-out.
The role of online social networking on deliberate self-harm and suicidality in adolescents: A systematized review of literature

Social media use by minors has significantly increased and has been linked to depression and suicidality. Simultaneously, age-adjusted suicide rates have steadily increased over the past decade in the United States with suicide being the second most common cause of death in youth. Hence, the increase in suicide rate parallels the simultaneous increase in social media use. In addition, the rate of nonsuicidal self-injury ranges between 14% and 21% among young people. Evidence suggests that self-harming youth is more active on online social networks than youth who do not engage in self-harm behavior. The role of online social networking on deliberates self-harm and suicidality in adolescents with a focus on negative influence was assessed by conducting a systematized literature review. A literature search on “PubMed” and “Ovid Medline” using a combination of MeSH terms yielded nine articles for data extraction satisfying predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. It was found that social networking websites are utilized by suicidal and self-harming youth as a medium to communicate with and to seek social support from other users. Online social networking also leads to increased exposure to and engagement in self-harm behavior due to users receiving negative messages promoting self-harm, emulating self-injurious behavior of others, and adopting self-harm practices from shared videos. Greater time spent on social networking websites led to higher psychological distress, an unmet need for mental health support, poor self-rated mental health, and increased suicidal ideation. In conclusion, greater time spent on online social networking promotes self-harm behavior and suicidal ideation in vulnerable adolescents.
Pattern and Frequency of Short Stature in Albanian Children

ABSTRACT: Introduction:Short stature is defined as a standing height more than 2 standard deviations (SDs) below the mean for age and sex. While there are many medical causes for being short and having poor growth, including growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, Turner syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, kidney problems, malnutrition, etc., most children who are short are normal. Objectives: The identification and analysis of causes and factors leading to short stature in Albanian children. Patients & methods: Subjects enrolled in our study were admission with “Short stature” or “Slow growth velocity” from January 2001 to January 2011 and met the criteria: length < -2 z- score and/or height velocity <-2 z- score for age and sex. They were evaluated by anthropometric measurements; biochemical panel; hormonal balance; radiological studies; and hormonal provocative tests. Statistical processing was done with Epi-Info CDC 2000 and SPSS accordingly. Results: The age of the 564 children was from 0.65-18.74 years (11.08 ± 3.28 years). M / F: 221/343 (39% /61%) respectively. The frequency of diagnoses resulted as follows: the "constitutional short stature" 211children (37.4%), "GH deficit" 155(27.5%), "genetic syndrome" 67(11.9%), "familiar short stature” 38(6.7%), "others pathology" 38(6.7%), "idiopathic short stature" 31(5.5%), “i-uterine short stature” 16(2.8%). Conclusions:The fact that 46% of the explored children resulted positive in terms of a pathology that had caused primary or secondary growth failure, makes it necessity careful monitoring of growth and reference of the children to a specialist as fast as possible. Evidently great age of exploration indicates a weak surveillance on growth monitoring in Albania. Recommendations: Assessment of the child's growth must be a routine procedure. The early identification of stature growth delay will significantly increase the early detection of any pathology.
C-reactive protein level in late-onset depression: A case–control study

Background: Late-onset depression (LOD) is less responsive to standard antidepressant medication compared to early-onset depressive disorder. A group of early-onset depressive episode is less responsive to antidepressant medication, and immune dysregulation is critically involved in it. LOD has been associated with increased vascular risk factor and atherosclerosis and immune dysregulation is critically involved in vascular disease. We hypothesized that increased inflammatory activity may be associated with late-onset depressive disorders. Aim: The aim of this study is to study the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in LOD compared with age-matched controls and association between CRP levels and severity of depressive episode. Settings and Design: This was a case–control study at tertiary care psychiatry department. Materials and Methods: Depressed patients (as per International Classification of Disease 10 Diagnostic and Research Criteria) of age >55 years were recruited and age-matched control participant were recruited after informed consent. A complete clinical assessment, assessment of vascular risk factors, blood sample for the evaluation of serum CRP was obtained, and baseline depression severity was measured on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Statistical Analysis: The quantitative and qualitative variables were described as means, standard deviation, and P value. The student's t-test for parametric data and the mann-whitney test for nonparametric data spearman correlation coefficient method were used. Results: The mean age of cases (n = 25) was 64.7 ± 5.8 years, and mean age of controls (n = 25) was 64.2 ± 3.7 years. Patients with current depressive disorders had 40% times higher levels of CRP than control. Baseline HDRS of cases was 18 ± 3. CRP level and depression severity shows strong positive (r = 0.935, P = <0.001) correlation between CRP level and depression severity. Conclusion: LOD was associated with higher level of CRP compared to age-matched nondepressed patients. Raised CRP was associated with severity of depressive episode of LOD.
Occupational Violence against Brazilian Nurses

Background We evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of workplace violence against Brazilian nurses in 2014. Methods The study's population comprised of 112 nurses working in teams of Family Primary Care Units and Primary Care Health Centers. Those nurses were asked to answer a questionnaire that addressed the socio-demographic information, the professional routine and the occupational violence faced (types, frequency and characteristics of perpetrators). Data were analyzed using the SPSS software. Results Most of nurses were female (94.6%), aged between 34-43 yr (38.4%), living with a partner (60.7%) and having a weekly workload of 40 h (90.1 %). The prevalence of violence was 73.2%. Predominantly, occupational violence comprised of verbal violence (67.0%) and psychological harassment (bullying -27.1%). Patients (81.1%) and caregivers (83.1%) were responsible for verbal violence, whilst the heads of teams (78.3%) and other health professionals (41.7 %) practiced bullying. The risk factors more frequently reported were the lack of safety in the workplace (73.2%) and the aggressive behavior of patients (67%). The occupational violence was not statistically associated with the gender, professional experience, experience at primary health care, weekly working hours, or working shift. The type of violence faced was not either statistically associated with gender, marital status, professional experience, weekly working hours, or working shift. Conclusion Occupational violence has high prevalence among Brazilian nurses working at primary health care system. Verbal violence is more prevalent and frequently practiced by patients. The lack of safety in the workplace is the main risk factor associated with occupational violence faced by nurses.
Diagnostic algorithm of Down syndrome by minor physical anomaly

Background: Down syndrome, most common chromosomal abnormality leading to intellectual disability is being diagnosed by Karyotyping. Due to cost constraints, parents couldn't afford to do Karyotyping which causes delay in individual and family interventions. Introduction: Down syndrome has characteristic morphological features. The minor physical anomaly (MPA) are insults which occur in utero during embryonic development mostly in first and early second trimester and persists throughout life. Material and Methods: 70 karyotyping confirmed cases of Down syndrome (DS), 70 other causes of intellectual disabilities (Other ID) and 70 age matched normal children and adolescents (Average) have been incorporated in the study. The Modified Waldrop's scale (Ismail's 41 item scale) have been applied. Demographic comparison and Decision tree algorithm approach have been analysed by SPSS 25 version. Results and Discussion: The paternal age of childbirth, maternal age of childbirth, maternal age of marriage (P < 0.001), income (P = 0.026) variables are statistically significant in Down's syndrome group in comparison to other two groups whereas age and birth order are not statistically significant. DS group has more MPA (m = 17.04, SD = 5.462), than other ID (m = 5.93, SD = 2.628) and Average group (m = 1.59, SD = 1.378). Big sandal gap, high arched palate and epicanthus are most common three minor anomalies found in Down syndrome. Region wise scoring shows high significance (P < 0.001) in Global head, eyes, ears, mouth, hands and feet in Down syndrome group. The four anomalies; epicanthus, telecanthus, high-arched palate, and curved fifth finger) thus can be grouped as differentiating anomalies. When clinodactyly (item 27) and high arched palate (item 21) are present together or epicanthus (item 08) and telecanthus (item 09) present together sensitivity of diagnosing the case as Down syndrome is 0.945 with negative predictive value 0.979. Conclusion: The simian crease which is being considered as common physical anomaly is not specific for Down syndrome. The large scale study is required to extrapolate the above findings but surely it opens new avenue of research.
Patterns of Pre-pregnancy Care Usage among Reproductive Age Women in Kedah, Malaysia

Background This cross-sectional was aimed to assess the prevalence of pre-pregnancy care services usage and its determinant factors among women of reproductive age in Kedah, Malaysia. Methods Overall, 1347 respondents who attended 24 government health clinics, were chosen using systematic multistage random sampling. A validated self-administered questionnaire which consisted of sections including socio-demographic characteristics, social support, knowledge on pre-pregnancy care, perception on risk of pregnancy, health status, as well as intention and awareness on pre-pregnancy care services were distributed. Results The prevalence of utilization of pre-pregnancy care services was still low i.e. 44.0%. Bivariate and multivariate analysis showed consistent significant level between all factors and pre-pregnancy care usage except for family planning practice. The factors that showed significant difference with the usage of pre-pregnancy care services were age of more than 35 (P<0.001), high education level (P<0.001), non-working mothers (P<0.001), multipara (P=0.001), awareness on the existence of pre-pregnancy care services in government health facilities (P<0.001), intention to use the services (P=0.0030), having medical illness (P=0.005), having social support (P=0.001), high knowledge (P<0.001), and positive perception (P<0.001). Conclusion Low usage of pre-pregnancy care services can be improved through health screening on reproductive-aged women with positive determinant factors at the triage level in integrated clinics. Information and knowledge on pre-pregnancy services should be disseminated among community members through various means including roadshows and pre-wedding workshops.
Plasma Cell–Free DNA Next-Generation Sequencing to Diagnose and Monitor Infections in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients

Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients are at risk for common and atypical infections. Superior diagnostics can decrease infection-related morbidity and mortality. A novel plasma cell–free DNA next-generation sequencing test detected an uncommon presentation of Chlamydia trachomatis and recurrent and metastatic complications of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia before standard microbiology.
First Passage Time Memory Lifetimes for Simple, Multistate Synapses: Beyond the Eigenvector Requirement

Models of associative memory with discrete-strength synapses are palimpsests, learning new memories by forgetting old ones. Memory lifetimes can be defined by the mean first passage time (MFPT) for a perceptron's activation to fall below firing threshold. By imposing the condition that the vector of possible strengths available to a synapse is a left eigenvector of the stochastic matrix governing transitions in strength, we previously derived results for MFPTs and first passage time (FPT) distributions in models with simple, multistate synapses. This condition permits jump moments to be computed via a 1-dimensional Fokker-Planck approach. Here, we study memory lifetimes in the absence of this condition. To do so, we must introduce additional variables, including the perceptron activation, that parameterize synaptic configurations, permitting Markovian dynamics in these variables to be formulated. FPT problems in these variables require solving multidimensional partial differential or integral equations. However, the FPT dynamics can be analytically well approximated by focusing on the slowest eigenmode in this higher-dimensional space. We may also obtain a much better approximation by restricting to the two dominant variables in this space, the restriction making numerical methods tractable. Analytical and numerical methods are in excellent agreement with simulation data, validating our methods. These methods prepare the ground for the study of FPT memory lifetimes with complex rather than simple, multistate synapses.
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Evaluation of the Social Network Use Disorder and Internet Gaming Disorder Criteria

Background: The inclusion of internet gaming disorder (IGD) as a condition warranting more research in the DSM-5 has led to a rapid increase of research on addictive internet activities. Further evaluation of the criteria for IGD and social network disorder (SND) is needed. Objective: To assess the internal consistency, construct validity, retest-reliability, and long-term stability of SND and IGD criteria in German-speaking cohorts. Method: We conducted total and sex-specific analyses on data from two cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, one sample of 192 participants enriched for internet use and another community-based sample of 2316 individuals. Results: First, independent from assessment setting (online, telephone, on-site) and gender, we found acceptable to good internal consistency for SND and IGD criteria (Cronbach's α 0.690–0.774 for SND and 0.743–0.866 for IGD, respectively). Second, positive Spearman correlations between the sum of affirmed criteria and established scales of pathological internet use (ρ 0.395–0.783) and time spent on the social networking sites or internet gaming (ρ 0.317–0.761) confirmed convergent validity. Moreover, the sum of affirmed criteria related positively to attentional impulsivity (ρmax 0.311), urgency (ρ 0.124–0.200), and neuroticism (ρmax 0.210), and negatively to perseverance (ρ −0.245— −0.098) and conscientiousness (ρmin −0.257). Finally, SND and IGD criteria showed high retest stability (SND ρ 0.653–0.826, IGD ρ 0.714–0.825, respectively). However, participants scored higher on SND and IGD scales during the online compared to the on-site assessment. The 2-year follow-up revealed an increase in affirmed SND and IGD criteria. Conclusion: Our data support good psychometric properties of the SND and IGD criteria and outline the addictive potential of social networking sites.
Water-Soluble Humic Materials Regulate Quorum Sensing in Sinorhizobium meliloti Through a Novel Repressor of expR

Quorum sensing (QS) plays an important role in the growth, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation of rhizobia. In this study, we show that water-soluble humic materials (WSHM) repress the expression of the QS related genes sinI, sinR, and expR in Sinorhizobium meliloti. This decreased the production of N-acetyl homoserine lactones (AHL) and exopolysaccharides (EPS), and ultimately increased S. meliloti cell density. We also identified a novel regulator, SMc03890 (renamed QsrR), which binds directly to the expR promoter. Deletion of qsrR increased expR expression. WSHM repressed the expression of expR by augmenting the interaction between QsrR and the expR promoter; this was determined by a bacterial-one-hybrid assay. These effects of WSHM on the QS system in S. meliloti may be the underlying mechanism by which WSHM increase the symbiotic nitrogen fixation of Medicago sativa inoculated with S. meliloti. This study provides the first evidence that humic acids regulate the QS of rhizobia and suggests that WSHM could be used as fertilizers to improve the efficiency of symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
Method of Local Corrections Solver for Manycore Architectures

Author(s): Van Straalen, Brian | Advisor(s): Colella, Phil | Abstract: Microprocessor designs are now changing to reflect the ending of Dennard Scaling. This leads to a reconsideration of design tradeoffs for designing discretization methods for PDEs based on simplified performance models like Roofline.In this work we carry out an end-to-end analysis and implementation study on a Cray XC40 with Intel⃝R XeonTM E5-2698 v3 processors for the Method of Local Corrections (MLC). MLC is a non-iterative method for solving Poisson’s Equation on locally rectangular meshes. The Roofline model predicts that MLC should have faster time to solution than traditional iterative methods such as Geometric Multigrid. We find that Roofline is a useful guide for performance engineering and obtain perfor- mance within a factor of 3 the Roofline performance upper bound. We determine that the algorithm is limited by identified architectural features that are not captured in the Roofline model, are quantifiable, and can be addressed in future implementations.
Visual Learning Beyond Direct Supervision

Author(s): Zhou, Tinghui | Advisor(s): Efros, Alexei A | Abstract: Deep learning has made great progress in solving many computer vision tasks for which labeled data is plentiful. But progress has been limited for tasks where labels are difficult or impossible to obtain. In this thesis, we propose alternative methods of supervised learning that do not require direct labels. Intuitively, although we do not know what the labels are, we might know various properties they should satisfy. The key idea is to formulate these properties as objectives for supervising the target task. We show that this kind of “meta-supervision” on how the output behaves, rather than what it is, turns out to be surprisingly effective in learning a variety of vision tasks.The thesis is organized as follows. Part I proposes to use the concept of cycle-consistency as supervision for learning dense semantic correspondence. Part II proposes to use the task of view synthesis as supervision for learning different representations of scene geometry. Part III proposes to use adversarial supervision for learning gradual image transformations. Finally, we discuss the general concept of meta-supervision and how it can be applied to tasks beyond those presented in this thesis.