Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-Port Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Major Lung Resections: Experience with 150 Consecutive Cases

Abstract Background Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for major lung resection has undergone major changes from three or four-port approach to the recently possible single-port VATS approach. Outcomes following single-port VATS major lung resection are analyzed to determine safety and efficacy. Methods A prospective database of 150 consecutive patients who underwent single-port VATS major lung resection between March 2012 and January 2014 was reviewed. Patient demographics, perioperative parameters, histopathology, and outcomes up to follow-up of 2 years were analyzed by descriptive and Kaplan–Meier survival statistics. Results Single-port VATS major lung resection was successfully performed in 142 patients (conversion rate 5.3%) for both malignant and benign diseases of the lung. Overall, 130 patients (87%) had nonsmall-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), 9 (6%) had other types of primary lung cancer, and the remaining for secondary malignancies and benign diseases. Among the 130 patients with NSCLC, 93 (71.5%) were stage I, 28 were stage II (21.5%), and 9 (7%) were stage III or greater. There was no intraoperative or 30-day mortality. However, one perioperative death occurred on day 49, and another on day 60 postoperatively due to infective causes. The overall 2-year mortality rate for all patients was 3%. The disease-free survival rate for subgroups, stage I NSCLC, and stage II or greater NSCLC were 96 and 83%, respectively. Conclusions Single-port VATS major lung resection for malignant and benign lung diseases is associated with low perioperative morbidity and mortality. Disease-free survival rates for NSCLC are acceptable and comparable with conventional VATS.
Cholinergic modulation amplifies the intrinsic oscillatory properties of CA1 hippocampal cholecystokinin‐positive interneurons

In the mammalian hippocampus, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) promotes learning and memory storage. During sensory processing and learning, large ACh‐dependent electrical oscillatory events are observed, which involve the synchronization of both inhibitory and excitatory neural circuits. While the actions of ACh are known on excitatory hippocampal circuits, its actions on specific inhibitory circuits are poorly understood. We show that two types of cholecystokinin‐positive local circuit inhibitory interneuron, the so‐called ‘basket cells’ and ‘Schaffer collateral‐associated’ cells, which innervate separately the cell body and dendritic regions of principal cells, are modulated similarly by cholinergic receptor activation. In both cell types activation of their muscarinic receptors triggers a general increase of excitability and intrinsic oscillatory activity, and a more efficient engagement to slow network oscillations. Knowledge of how cholinergic neuromodulation acts on neurochemically identical but morphologically distinct inhibitory interneurons will allow us to understand the role played by this important neuromodulator during hippocampal‐dependent tasks in vivo.
Repeated transient mRNA bursts precede increases in transcriptional and mitochondrial proteins during training in human skeletal muscle

Exercise training induces mitochondrial biogenesis, but the time course of molecular sequelae that accompany repetitive training stimuli remains to be determined in human skeletal muscle. Therefore, throughout a seven‐session, high‐intensity interval training period that increased (12%), we examined the time course of responses of (a) mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion and fission proteins, and (b) selected transcriptional and mitochondrial mRNAs and proteins in human muscle. Muscle biopsies were obtained 4 and 24 h after the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th training session. PGC‐1α mRNA was increased >10‐fold 4 h after the 1st session and returned to control within 24 h. This ‘saw‐tooth’ pattern continued until the 7th bout, with smaller increases after each bout. In contrast, PGC‐1α protein was increased 24 h after the 1st bout (23%) and plateaued at +30–40% between the 3rd and 7th bout. Increases in PGC‐1β mRNA and protein were more delayed and smaller, and did not persist. Distinct patterns of increases were observed in peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) α and γ protein (1 session), PPAR β/δ mRNA and protein (5 sessions) and nuclear respiratory factor‐2 protein (3 sessions) while no changes occurred in mitochondrial transcription factor A protein. Citrate synthase (CS) and β‐HAD mRNA were rapidly increased (1 session), followed 2 sessions later (session 3) by increases in CS and β‐HAD activities, and mitochondrial DNA. Changes in COX‐IV mRNA (session 3) and protein (session 5) were more delayed. Training also increased mitochondrial fission proteins (fission protein‐1, >2‐fold; dynamin‐related protein‐1, 47%) and the fusion protein mitofusin‐1 (35%) but not mitofusin‐2. This study has provided the following novel information: (a) the training‐induced increases in transcriptional and mitochondrial proteins appear to result from the cumulative effects of transient bursts in their mRNAs, (b) training‐induced mitochondrial biogenesis appears to involve re‐modelling in addition to increased mitochondrial content, and (c) the ‘transcriptional capacity’ of human muscle is extremely sensitive, being activated by one training bout.
Public libraries: places creating social capital?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show why studies of public libraries, regarding their possible contribution in creating social capital, are important for social capital research in general, and are important for library practice in particular.Design/methodology/approach – Building on the latest theoretical developments and empirical findings of social capital research, the role of the public library as a potential creator of social capital is discussed. Findings from both quantitative and qualitative empirical research are discussed, and also the need for further studies is presented.Findings – The paper reports quantitative macro‐level results concerning whether public library expenditure can contribute in explaining social trust patterns in the OECD countries. However, to be able to ascertain this, numerous qualitative studies revealing the mechanisms actually generating generalized trust are needed. Preliminary qualitative interviews suggest that this approach can prove fruitful.Research limi.
Non‐neuronal release of ACh plays a key role in secretory response to luminal propionate in rat colon

Non‐technical summary ACh is the best characterized neurotransmitter that is synthesized in cholinergic neurons in the brain and gut wall. In the gut, acetylcholine is released from the nerve endings in response to luminal stimuli and regulates the movement of gut contents via stimulating muscle contraction and epithelial ion secretion. We show that acetylcholine is synthesized in colonic epithelial cells and released on the serosal side by luminal chemical stimulation of the short chain fatty acid propionate and causes chloride secretion. These results suggest that non‐neuronal release of acetylcholine in response to luminal stimuli plays a role in colonic chloride secretion.
Positive Social Work: The Essential Toolkit for NQSWs

distress or state they are suffering significant harm does not mean they are not. The author uses examples from practice but also information from serious case reviews to highlight this issue. This author also refers to the concept of disguised compliance and that although the adults in the household may appear acceptant of professional’s involvement and the advice given, this is sometimes used as a way to deter the professional from the true situation. As this book discusses working with people, it is not able to offer examples or answers to all situations as each case will be individual. However, it does offer some basics tips and reminders that generally can be adapted to many of the situations workers face in Child Protection cases. If the reader of this book is looking for a theoretical understanding of Child Protection visits, I would recommend they look elsewhere some possibilities are noted in the further reading section of this book and in the references. Instead, I believe this is a very useful book for looking at the practical side of home visits. It would be valuable for those who have just started in the field or could be a good reminder for those who have been in the area of Child Protection for a longer period of time.
Exploring associations between psychiatric disorder, psychological distress, and health care utilization in cancer patients

The mental burden of cancer might elicit additional health care utilization. However, it is unclear how psychiatric disorder and psychological distress relate to health care utilization. Therefore, this study explores associations between psychiatric disorder, psychological distress, and health care utilization. It was hypothesized that presence of psychiatric disorder and psychological distress was associated with increased health care utilization and costs.
The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibodies in a population from southern Estonia

Objectives Previous retrospective histological studies have revealed a Helicobacter pylori infection rate of 73–79%. Cross-sectional studies on H. pylori prevalence are still lacking in Estonia. Design A total of 1461 inhabitants between the ages of 15 and 95 years from the village of Karksi-Nuia and 497 between the ages of 50 and 91 years from Abja-Paluoja were examined for IgG antibodies to H. pylori. This study was performed on a quasi-global sample of the general adult rural population in two villages in southern Estonia. Method A cell-surface glycine extract of H. pylori strain NCTC 11637 was used as antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results IgG antibodies to H. pylori strain NCTC 11637 were detected in 87.0±2.3% of the inhabitants of Karksi-Nuia and in 89.3±3.6% of those from Abja-Paluoja. IgG prevalence rates increased from 69.0±9.5% in the 15− to 19-year-old age group to 83.0±7.1% in the 20− to 29-year-olds (P<0.05). Conclusion We found an extremely high prevalence rate of H. pylori infection in this Estonian adult rural population. H. pylori infection was very prevalent among young people (aged 15–29 years).
Keeping Students Engaged with Web-Based Polling in the Library Instruction Session

Purpose – This research was performed with the aim of determining the potential benefit(s) of including web‐based polling in the library instruction classroom.Design/methodology/approach – Over the course of a year, web‐based polling was used in library instruction sessions and the survey results were recorded. Feedback forms were also used to gauge a sense of the students' experiences with this form of active learning.Findings – This study found that web‐based polling in a library instruction classroom benefits both students and instructors. The students enjoy these sessions and are more attentive than in a typical lecture, which leads to better learning. Instructors are able to learn about the students' uses of technology, research methods, and more with the polling capability.Research limitations/implications – The research in this study was only done using the free version of Poll Everywhere in management classes. It would be interesting to see if the results would be the same in other business classe.
Melioidosis: Evolving Concepts in Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment

Abstract Infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei can result in asymptomatic seroconversion, a single skin lesion that may or may not heal spontaneously, a pneumonia which can be subacute or chronic and mimic tuberculosis or rapidly progressive resulting in fatal overwhelming sepsis. Latency with subsequent activation of disease is well recognized, but very uncommon. Melioidosis also has a myriad of other clinical presentations and diagnosis is often delayed because of this and because of difficulties with laboratory diagnosis and lack of recognition outside melioidosis-endemic regions. The perception of B. pseudomallei as a top tier biothreat agent has driven large funding for research, yet resources for diagnosis and therapy of melioidosis in many endemic locations remain extremely limited, with mortality as high as 50% in comparison to around 10% in regions where state-of-the-art intensive care therapy for sepsis is available. Fatal melioidosis is extremely unlikely from natural infection in a healthy person, provided the diagnosis is made early, ceftazidime or meropenem is commenced and intensive care therapy is available. While biothreat research is directed toward potential aerosol exposure to B. pseudomallei, the overall proportion of melioidosis cases resulting from inhalation rather than from percutaneous inoculation remains entirely uncertain, although the epidemiology supports a shift to inhalation during severe weather events such as cyclones and typhoons. What makes B. pseudomallei such a dangerous organism for patients with diabetes and other selective risk factors remains unclear, but microbial genome-wide association studies linking clinical aspects of melioidosis cases to nonubiquitous or polymorphic B. pseudomallei genes or genomic islands are beginning to uncover specific virulence signatures. Finally, what also remains uncertain is the global phylogeography of B. pseudomallei and whether melioidosis is spreading beyond historical locations or is just being unmasked in Africa and the Americas by better recognition and increased surveillance.
Ageing reduces the compensatory vasodilatation during hypoxic exercise: the role of nitric oxide

Non‐technical summary In young healthy humans, the combination of exercise and hypoxia produces a compensatory vasodilatation to ensure the maintenance of oxygen to the active muscles. We have previously demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) is a major factor responsible for the compensatory vasodilatation. In this paper we show that the compensatory vasodilator response to hypoxic exercise is attenuated in older adults due to less NO signalling. These findings provide important information on the impact of ageing and the role of NO in the regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow during conditions of reduced oxygen availability.
Oral atorvastatin therapy restores cutaneous microvascular function by decreasing arginase activity in hypercholesterolaemic humans

Non‐technical summary A high concentration of cholesterol in the blood, known as hypercholersterolaemia, in the absence of overt atherosclerotic disease induces changes throughout the circulation including an inability to fully respond to vasodilatory stimuli. Here we show that skin blood flow responses are reduced in hypercholersterolaemic men and women partly due to an upregulation of the arginase pathway. Arginase competes for the common substrate l‐arginine for the synthesis of the vasoprotective molecule nitric oxide. After 3 months of oral atrovastatin (cholesterol lowering medication) intervention, arginase activity was decreased and skin blood flow responses resembled those of healthy men and women. This suggests that upregulated arginase contributes to decreased vasoreactivity in hyperocholesterolaemic humans and that atrovastatin therapy restores functional vasodilatory properties by decreasing arginase activity.
Early lung disease in young children with primary ciliary dyskinesia

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal recessive disease in which ciliary dysfunction leads to chronic lung, sinus, and middle ear disease. PCD is often not diagnosed until late childhood due to its presumed rarity and the technical expertise necessary for diagnosis; as such, little is known about lung disease in young children with PCD. We report on 3 young children with PCD who had evidence of lung disease on infant pulmonary function testing, bronchoscopy, and/or computed tomography (CT) of the chest before 3 years of age. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:514–516. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lithium Use from 2000 to 2010 in Italy: A Population-Based Study

Abstract Introduction: Lithium is a highly specific and evidence-supported drug for the acute and maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. Methods: The purpose of this study was to calculate the prevalence and incidence of lithium use and to investigate the prescribing patterns of other mood-stabilizing agents in lithium users. We analyzed lithium utilization from 2000 to 2010 in a large area in Italy on the basis of dispensing data drawn from the regional administrative database. For each calendar year those who had at least one recorded dispensation of lithium were defined as lithium users. Those who received more than 4 dispensations per year were defined as lithium-treated. Results: Rates of lithium utilization did not change during the observation period, but the amount of drug prescribed increased as a result of longer treatment and higher doses. The prevalence of use showed an initial increase of 8% (2000–2002), followed by a 13% decrease (2002–2006) and a subsequent rise of 11% (2006–2010). The prevalence of treatment grew by 38% during the whole observation period. The proportion of former lithium users who received other drugs or discontinued any treatment increased from 41% in 2002 to 52% in 2006, and then fell to 40% in 2010. Conclusion: The initial decline (2002–2006) and the subsequent rise (2006–2010) of lithium use can be explained by a fall and rise of new prescriptions. This finding together with a similar but opposite change in prescriptions of the other mood-stabilizing agents suggests a temporary change in prescribing attitudes which was subsequently reconsidered.
Psychosocial Factors in Disorders of Sex Development in a Long-Term Perspective: What Clinical Opportunities are there to Intervene?

Abstract Disorders or differences in sex development (DSD) comprise a wide spectrum of severity. The overall goal for the treatment and care is good quality of life but current knowledge concerning the psychosocial situation and health related quality of life for patients with different forms of DSD is limited. Follow-up studies have often focused on surgical results, sexual function, and psychosexual outcome and indicated unsatisfactory results in many cases. Epidemiological studies show less than optimal psychosocial situation for some of the diagnostic groups. Studies indicate that access to psychological support and understandable information is important for the outcome. Hormonal and surgical treatments are improving and new and better ways to strengthen the patient’s ability to cope with the situation are needed. In a well-functioning multidisciplinary team, the patient’s and family’s needs should be identified. Tools to accomplish this can be developed. The care and our knowledge about disorders of sex development have developed considerably during the last decade. These are small patient groups with rare conditions that require specialized, highly qualified care in all aspects: medical, surgical, and psychological. It is important that changes in treatment practice are continuously evaluated.
Body Composition Evolution in Elite Football Referees; an Eleven-years Retrospective Study

Abstract Fitness, and specifically body composition of football referees requires attention in order to achieve the highest possible standards. The aim of the present study was to describe body composition of elite Spanish football referees over 11 years. Data from 2001 to 2012 pre-seasons were analyzed from a total of 470 referees of 1st and 2nd categories in Spanish male football (1C and 2C respectively). Body mass index (BMI), sum of 6 skinfolds (6SS) and percentage of body fat (%BF) were assessed. 2-independent samples Student’s t-test between categories, and ANOVA tests with Bonferroni post-hoc analyses among seasons were applied. Overall, 1C referees were older than 2C in every season, and both 1C and 2C showed a decrease in 6SS, BMI and %BF throughout seasons (all p<0.05; from 82.5 to 62.9 mm, from 23.7 to 22.4 kg/m2 and from 13.7 to 11.7%). No differences were observed between categories in any season. Since football referees at the highest levels need to have a low %BF for the intense matches nowadays, an improvement in their body composition profile has been observed in a highly competitive league as ‘La Liga’ in Spain over the last decade.
Cerebellar motor learning versus cerebellar motor timing: the climbing fibre story

Abstract Theories concerning the role of the climbing fibre system in motor learning, as opposed to those addressing the olivocerebellar system in the organization of motor timing, are briefly contrasted. The electrophysiological basis for the motor timing hypothesis in relation to the olivocerebellar system is treated in detail.
KCa3.1 channels facilitate K+ secretion or Na+ absorption depending on apical or basolateral P2Y receptor stimulation

Non‐technical summary The epithelial cells lining the ducts of the human mammary gland are responsible for modifying sodium and potassium concentrations in milk by actively absorbing sodium from and secreting potassium into the ductal fluid. In the present study we show that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and uridine triphosphate (UTP) can stimulate sodium absorption and potassium secretion by a mechanism that involves increasing intracellular calcium and activation of calcium‐dependent potassium channels. We discovered that addition of ATP or UTP to the luminal surface stimulates potassium secretion, whereas addition of the same concentrations to the epithelial surface normally exposed to the blood produces an increase in sodium absorption. These results provide a better understanding of the signalling mechanisms that control the concentrations of sodium and potassium present in milk.
Plasma Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein-2 concentrations do not reflect severity of malaria in Papua new guinean children.

BACKGROUND In areas of unstable malaria transmission, plasma Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP-2) concentrations parallel total parasite biomass and thus infection severity. However, where transmission is more intense, plasma PfHRP-2 might not reliably predict complications and mortality. METHODS As part of a prospective case-control study of severe pediatric illness in Madang, Papua New Guinea, we recruited 220 children aged 6 months to 10 years with severe falciparum malaria, 48 with uncomplicated malaria, and 139 healthy controls. Groups were matched by age, sex, and province of parental birth. Plasma PfHRP-2 levels were quantified by validated immunoassay. RESULTS Detectable plasma PfHRP-2 concentrations were present in 21 healthy controls (15.1%). Although plasma PfHRP-2 levels were higher in the children with clinical malaria (P < .001), there was no difference between those with uncomplicated and severe infections (median, 584 and 456 ng/mL, respectively [interquartile range, 77-1114 and 113-1113 ng/mL, respectively]; P = .43). Log parasitemia, hemoglobin, log plasma bilirubin, and plasma creatinine levels were independently associated with plasma PfHRP-2 levels in multiple regression analysis (P ≤ .014), but coma, blood lactate level, and plasma bicarbonate level were not. The 1 severely ill child who died had a plasma PfHRP-2 concentration of 483 ng/mL, close to the group median. CONCLUSIONS The clinical and prognostic utility of plasma PfHRP-2 concentrations depends on the epidemiologic circumstances. In areas of intense malaria transmission, plasma PfHRP-2 reflects recent as well as present infections.