Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of yield and yield components in conventional Indica rice cultivars with different nitrogen use efficiencies for grain output

Improving nitrogen use efficiency in crops is of great importance both in crop production and environmental protection. Genetically improving crop varieties so as to make full use of the potentials in nitrogen uptake and utilization has been considered as one of the most economical and effective ways to enhance nitrogen use efficiency in crops. Nitrogen use efficiency depends on the ability of nitrogen uptake and utilization in rice plant. Many studies have shown that there exist genotypic differences in nitrogen use efficiency for biomass and grain production in rice. Yet, little information in the characteristics of yield components, biomass production and allocation, nitrogen uptake and allocation and structure of root system in rice varieties with higher nitrogen use efficiency has been reported. In this study, eighty eight and one hundred and twenty two conventional indica rice cuhivars were solution-cultured in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Leaf area index, dry matter weight （including root system）, nitrogen content of rice plant, yield and its components were measured. The tested rice cuhivars were clustered into 6 types （i.e. A, B, C, D, E and F, A was the lowest, F was the highest） based on their nitrogen use efficiency for grain output （NUEg） level by the MinSS_(w) method, to study their characteristics of yield and yield components. Results were as follows ： （1） Difference of NUEg in the cultivars used in this study were very large, the ratio of the maximal NUEg to the minimum NUEg in 2001 and 2002 were 344% and 425%, respectively. The average NUEg of A, B, C, D, E and F were 20.51, 31.04, 35.64, 39.46, 43.55 and 50.92 g grain·g~(-1)N in 2001, and were 24.33, 31.61, 35.83, 39.06, 43.51, 50.00 g grain·g~(-1) N in 2002, respectively. The result of experiments in two years showed the same tendency. （2） As NUEg increased, yield level of conventional indica rice cuhivars significantly increased. Polynomial regression analysis showed that yield level was significantly influenced by total nitrogen uptake （including root system） and NUEg which indicated that higher yield level can be reached by improving nitrogen uptake and NUEg of conventional indica rice cultivars. （3） The cuhivars with high NUEg were higher in panicle number, sink potential, grain setting percentage, grain yield per unit leaf area and harvest index, but lower in leaf area index. The relationships between spikelet number per panicle, 1000-grain weight, biomass and NUEg were not significant.
How does servitisation affect supply chain circularity? - A systematic literature review

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test the link between servitisation and circular economy by synthesising the effect of product-service systems (PSS) on supply chain circularity (SCC). Design/methodology/approach Following a systematic literature review methodology, the study identified 67 studies and synthesised them using content analysis. Findings A conceptual model is developed illustrating how PSS business models impact SCC through increased product longevity, closure of resource loops and resource efficiency. It also identifies six contextual factors affecting the implementation of SCC including: economic attractiveness of SCC; firm sustainability strategy; policy and societal environment; product category; supply chain relationships; and technology. Research limitations/implications The conceptual model proposes that SCC increases with servitisation. It also proposes that the main circularity effect stems from increased product longevity, followed by closed resource loops and finally resource efficiency. The model is deduced from the literature by using secondary data. Practical implications The review provides practitioners with a framework to increase SCC through PSS business models. It also gives insight into the various contextual factors that may affect how a manufacturer’s servitisation strategy contributes to SCC. Originality/value This review contributes to the understanding of the relationship between servitisation and SCC by synthesising the different effects that exist. Moreover, it creates new knowledge by identifying a range of contextual factors affecting the relationship between PSS and SCC.
Improving the Efficacy of Context-Aware Applications

In this dissertation, we explore methods for enhancing the context-awareness capabilities of modern computers, including mobile devices, tablets, wearables, and traditional computers. Advancements include proposed methods for fusing information from multiple logical sensors, localizing nearby objects using depth sensors, and building models to better understand the content of 2D images. First, we propose a system called Unagi, designed to incorporate multiple logical sensors into a single framework that allows context-aware application developers to easily test new ideas and create novel experiences. Unagi is responsible for collecting data, extracting features, and building personalized models for each individual user. We demonstrate the utility of the system with two applications: adaptive notification filtering and a network content prefetcher. We also thoroughly evaluate the system with respect to predictive accuracy, temporal delay, and power consumption. Next, we discuss a set of techniques that can be used to accurately determine the location of objects near a user in 3D space using a mobile device equipped with both depth and inertial sensors. Using a novel chaining approach, we are able to locate objects farther away than the standard range of the depth sensor without compromising localization accuracy. Empirical testing shows our method is capable of localizing objects 30m from the user with an error of less than 10cm. Finally, we demonstrate a set of techniques that allow a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to learn resolution-invariant representations of 2D images, including the proposal of an MCMC-based technique to improve the selection of pixels for mini-batches used for training. We also show that a deep convolutional encoder could be trained to output a resolutionindependent representation in constant time, and we discuss several potential applications of this research, including image resampling, image compression, and security.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Periciliary Liquid Layer: Ciliary Abnormalities in Respiratory Diseases

Human pulmonary epithelial cells are protected by two layers of fluid—the outer watery periciliary liquid layer (PCL) and the uppermost non-Newtonian mucus layer (ML). Aerosols and inhaled toxic particles are trapped by the ML which must then be removed swiftly to avoid adverse health implications. Epithelial cells are covered with cilia that beat rapidly within the PCL. Such ciliary motion drives the mucus transport. Although cilia can penetrate slightly inside the mucus to assist mucus movement, the motion of the underlying PCL layer within the airway surface liquid (ASL) is significant in mucus and pathogens transport. As such, a detailed parametric study of the influence of different abnormal cilia characteristics, such as low beating frequency, short length, abnormal beating pattern, reduced ciliary density, and epithelium patchiness due to missing cilia on the PCL transport, is carried out numerically. Such abnormalities are found in various chronic respiratory diseases. In addition, the shear stress at the epithelium is assessed due to the importance of shear stress on the epithelial function. Using the immersed boundary (IB) method combined with the finite-difference projection method, we found that the PCL, under standard healthy conditions, has net forward motion but that different diseased conditions decrease the forward motion of the PCL, as is expected based on clinical understanding.
Direct vector control with fuzzy current controller for three-phase induction motor

- This article proposes a Direct Vector Control (DVC) method with a Fuzzy Logic Current Controller (FLCC) for three-phase induction motor. The conventional DVC method has two PI current controllers. With the aim to reduce the quantity of these controllers, we propose a single FLCC to substitute both PI controllers. The FLCC calculates the quadrature components of the stator voltage vector which are necessary to maintain the load. The rule base for the proposed controller is deﬁned as a function of the stator current error components, and FLCC utilizes trapezoidal and triangular membership functions for the fuzziﬁcation of its inputs. The switching frequency is constant with the space vector modulation technique used in the DVC method. The performance of the proposed FLCC controller is analyzed through several tests such as: trapezoidal and triangular speed proﬁle, step change in speed and step change in load with constant speed. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed FLCC ensures decoupling current control and low current ripple, validating the proposed controller.
Close Examination of Cell Nuclei Reveals a 'Ring' Surrounding the Nuclear Membrane

Human cells from a variety of diseases, as well as controls, were fixed in Carnoy’s solution, air-dried onto slides, incubated in phosphate buffer, and stained with Giemsa. Close microscopic examination revealed that in most cells, the nucleus contained a ring-like structure at the nuclear periphery. The ‘ring’ resembled a cusp or seam in structure, and was even seen in cells that had not been incubated. It is not known whether this ‘ring’ is a real structure or an artifact of the staining procedure. While the function of the ‘ring’ is unknown, it may act as a seam to maintain the integrity of the nuclear membrane or may serve as a storage magazine for the synthesis/repair of the nuclear membrane.
Modeling Learners in Educational Games: Relationship Between Playing and Learning Styles

Background: Video games are very well known for their intrinsic adaptivity; as they adapt the gameplay to the player’s preferences and rhythm. In addition to adapting the gameplay, educational games should also adapt the learning content to match the learner’s competencies, preferences, playing and learning styles. Determining the playing style in an educational game is made possible by collecting certain metrics and information susceptible of monitoring the player’s interactions in the game. However, it is still a challenge to assess the learner’s learning style. Aim: This study examines the correlation between learning and playing styles. It has been acknowledged that both playing and learning styles are related to personality. After examining the personality traits of each style of both Kolb’s learning styles and Bartle’s playing styles, it was hypothesized that there would be a correlation between the two. In that purpose, a quantitative research was conducted to explore the relationship between the two taxonomies. Method: One hundred high school students majoring in science in Morocco have completed Kolb’s learning style inventory (version 3.1) as well as the Bartle test questionnaire developed by Andreasen and Downey. The statistical correlation between the two taxonomies was investigated using cross-tabulation, Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test and Pearson coefficient. Results: Results revealed a relevant interdependency between Kolb’s learning styles and Bartle’s playing styles. The ‘convergent’ type was found to correlate with Bartle’s explorer type; the majority of assimilators adopt the killer type in a game; accomodators tend to be achievers and divergers prefer to be socializers. In terms of learning styles, it was noticed that the majority of participants adopted the converging and the assimilating learning styles; which is in line with what it is indicated in Kolb’s inventory. Results have also shown that learning and playing styles are gender independent. It was concluded that the learning style can be predicted, based on the playing style.
INSTABILITY OF STREAKS IN CHANNEL FLOW WITH A STREAMWISE MAGNETIC FIELD

The instability of streaky flow in a channel under the presence of a homogeneous streamwise magnetic field is investigated in the framework of the linear problem. The secondary optimal perturbations, evolving on the top of steady streaks, are computed through an iterative procedure by solving the direct and adjoint governing equations. Two different amplitudes of the streaks are investigated in a wide range of Hartmann numbers at a fixed subcritical Reynolds number. Exponential instability as well as transient amplification of perturbations occurring at different streamwise wavenumbers are suppressed by the imposed a magnetic field. A simple scaling between the most exponentially unstable wavenumber and the magnetic interaction parameter can be explained by the balance of inertial and Lorentz force terms.
How participative is open source hardware? Insights from online repository mining

Open Source Hardware (OSH) is an increasingly viable approach to intellectual property management extending the principles of Open Source Software (OSS) to the domain of physical products. These principles support the development of products in transparent processes allowing the participation of any interested person. While increasing numbers of products have been released as OSH, little is known on the prevalence of participative development practices in this emerging field. It remains unclear to which extent the transparent and participatory processes known from software reached hardware product development. To fill this gap, this paper applies repository mining techniques to investigate the transparency and workload distribution of 105 OSH product development projects. The results highlight a certain heterogeneity of practices filling a continuum between public and private development settings. They reveal different organizational patterns with different levels of centralization and distribution. Nonetheless, they clearly indicate the expansion of the open source development model from software into the realms of physical products and provide the first large-scale empirical evidence of this recent evolution. Therewith, this article gives body to an emerging phenomenon and contributes to give it a place in the scientific debate. It delivers categories to delineate practices, techniques to investigate them in further detail as well as a large dataset of exemplary OSH projects. The discussion of first results signposts avenues for a stream of research aiming at understanding stakeholder interactions at work in new product innovation practices in order to enable institutions and industry in providing appropriate responses.
Power- and Log-concavity of viscosity solutions to some elliptic Dirichlet problems

In this article we consider a special type of degenerate elliptic partial differential equations of second order in convex domains that satisfy the interior sphere condition. We show that any positive viscosity solution $u$ of $-|\nabla u|^\alpha \Delta_p^N u = 1$ has the property that $u^\frac{\alpha + 1}{\alpha + 2}$ is a concave function. Secondly we consider positive solutions of the eigenvalue problem $-|\nabla u|^\alpha \Delta_p^N u = \lambda |u|^{\alpha} u$, in which case $\log u$ turns out to be concave. The methods provided include a weak comparison principle and a Hopf-type Lemma.
Covariant Holographic Entanglement Negativity Conjecture for Adjacent Subsystems in $\mathrm{AdS_{d+1}/CFT_d}$

We propose a covariant holographic entanglement negativity conjecture for time dependent mixed states of adjacent intervals in $(1+1)$-dimensional conformal field theories dual to non-static bulk $\mathrm{AdS_3}$ configurations. Our conjecture applied to $(1+1)$-dimensional conformal field theories with a conserved charge dual to non-extremal and extremal rotating BTZ black holes exactly reproduces the corresponding replica technique results, in the large central charge limit. We also utilize our conjecture to obtain the time dependent holographic entanglement negativity for the mixed state in question for the $(1+1)$- dimensional CFT dual to a bulk Vaidya-$\mathrm{AdS_3}$ configuration.
Measurement of the form factors of the decay B^0 -> D^{*-} l^+ nu_l and determination of the CKM matrix element |V_{cb}|

This paper describes a determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element $|V_{cb}|$ using the decay $B^0\to D^{*-}\ell^+\nu_\ell$. We perform a combined measurement of this quantity and of the form factors $\rho^2$, $R_1(1)$, and $R_2(1)$ which fully characterize this decay in the framework of heavy-quark effective theory, based on 140 fb$^{-1}$ of Belle data collected near the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance. The results, based on about 69,000 reconstructed $B^0\to D^{*-}\ell^+\nu_\ell$ decays, are $\rho^2=1.293\pm 0.045\pm 0.029$, $R_1(1)=1.495\pm 0.050\pm 0.062$, $R_2(1)=0.844\pm 0.034\pm 0.019$ and $\mathcal{F}(1)|V_{cb}|=34.4\pm 0.2\pm 1.0$. The $B^0\to D^{*-}\ell^+\nu_\ell$ branching fraction is found to be $(4.42\pm 0.03\pm 0.25)%$. For all these numbers, the first error is the statistical and the second is the systematic uncertainty. All results are preliminary.
On the zeros of Eisenstein series for ¡ 0 (2) and ¡ 0 (3)

We locate all of the zeros of the Eisenstein series associated with the Fricke groups i ⁄ (2) and i ⁄ (3) in their fundamental domains by applying and expanding the method of F. K. C. Rankin and H. P. F. Swinnerton-Dyer ("On the zeros of Eisenstein series", 1970).
Danger in Public Spaces: Strengths and Limitations of Image- and Text-Based Warning Signs

This study examines the effectiveness of images on warning signs that communicate risk and risk avoidance in public spaces. Specifically, I compared data from 749 survey responses to determine whether the use of images can increase the effectiveness of a warning sign in a public space. Although the findings indicate that image-based warning signs are better at communicating risk and deterring dangerous activity, longer expository text-only warning signs may be more effective at helping people identify and participate in safe activities. Implications and future studies are offered in the conclusion.
BDPK: Bayesian Dehazing Using Prior Knowledge

Atmospheric scattering model (ASM) has been widely used in hazy image restoration. However, the recovered albedo might deviate from the real scene once the input hazy image cannot fully satisfy the model’s assumptions such as the homogeneous atmosphere and even illumination. In this paper, we break these limitations and redefine a more reliable ASM (RASM) that is extremely adaptable for various practical scenarios. Benefiting from RASM, a simple yet effective Bayesian dehazing algorithm (BDPK) is further proposed based on the prior knowledge. Our strategy is to convert the single image dehazing problem into a maximum a-posteriori probability one that can be approximated as an optimization function using the existing priori constraints. To efficiently solve this optimization function, the alternating minimizing technique is introduced, which enables us to directly restore the scene albedo. Experiments on a number of challenging images reveal the power of BDPK on removing haze and verify its superiority over several state-of-the-art techniques in terms of quality and efficiency.
Intrinsic quality analysis of binary partition trees

The binary partition tree (BPT) is a well-known hierarchical data-structure, frequently involved image segmentation procedures. The efficiency of segmentation based on BPTs depends on the segmentation process ("how to use a BPT? "), but also on the quality of the data-structure ("how to build a BPT? "). In this article, we propose a scheme for BPT quality analysis, with the purpose of answering the latter question. It relies on the observation of the very structure of a BPT, with respect to a given ground-truth example. Our hypothesis is that such intrinsic scheme can bring relevant clues about the ability of a BPT to provide correct segmentation results. Experiments carried out on satellite images illustrate the relevance of this scheme.
Late-time tails in the Reissner-Nordström spacetime revisited

We propose that the late-time tail problem in the Reissner-Nordstroem (RN) spacetime is dual to a tail problem in the Schwarzschild spacetime with a different initial data set: at a fixed observation point the asymptotic decay rate of the fields are equal. This duality is used to find the decay rate for tails in RN. This decay rate is exactly as in Schwarzschild, including the case of the extremely-charged RN spacetime (ERN). The only case where any deviation from the Schwarzschild decay rate is found is the case of the tails along the event horizon of an ERN spacetime, where the decay rate is the same as at future null infinity. As observed at a fixed location, the decay rate in ERN is the same as in Schwarzschild. We verify these expectations with numerical simulations.
The Ramsey property for Banach spaces, Choquet simplices, and their noncommutative analogs

We show that the Gurarij space G and its noncommutative analog NG both have extremely amenable automorphism group. We also compute the universal minimal flows of the automorphism groups of the Poulsen simplex P and its noncommutative analogue NP. The former is P itself, and the latter is the state space of the operator system associated with NP. This answers a question of Conley and Tornquist. We also show that the pointwise stabilizer of any closed proper face of P is extremely amenable. Similarly, the pointwise stabilizer of any closed proper biface of the unit ball of the dual of the Gurarij space (the Lusky simplex) is extremely amenable. These results are obtained via the Kechris--Pestov--Todorcevic correspondence, by establishing the approximate Ramsey property for several classes of finite-dimensional operator spaces and operator systems (with distinguished linear functionals), including: Banach spaces, exact operator spaces, function systems with a distinguished state, and exact operator systems with a distinguished state. This is the first direct application of the Kechris--Pestov--Todorcevic correspondence in the setting of metric structures. The fundamental combinatorial principle that underpins the proofs is the Dual Ramsey Theorem of Graham and Rothschild. In the second part of the paper, we obtain factorization theorems for colorings of matrices and Grassmannians over R and C, which can be considered as continuous versions of the Dual Ramsey Theorem for Boolean matrices and of the Graham-Leeb-Rothschild Theorem for Grassmannians over a finite field.
Feedback Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient With Fuzzy Reward for Robotic Multiple Peg-in-Hole Assembly Tasks

The automatic completion of multiple peg-in-hole assembly tasks by robots remains a formidable challenge because the traditional control strategies require a complex analysis of the contact model. In this paper, the assembly task is formulated as a Markov decision process, and a model-driven deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm is proposed to accomplish the assembly task through the learned policy without analyzing the contact states. In our algorithm, the learning process is driven by a simple traditional force controller. In addition, a feedback exploration strategy is proposed to ensure that our algorithm can efficiently explore the optimal assembly policy and avoid risky actions, which can address the data efficiency and guarantee stability in realistic assembly scenarios. To improve the learning efficiency, we utilize a fuzzy reward system for the complex assembly process. Then, simulations and realistic experiments of a dual peg-in-hole assembly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The advantages of the fuzzy reward system and feedback exploration strategy are validated by comparing the performances of different cases in simulations and experiments.