Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the orientation in space: mixing focused ethnography and surveys in social experiment

»Erforschung der Orientierung im Raum. Ein Methoden-Mix aus fokussierter Ethnographie und standardisierter Befragung im Rahmen eines sozialwissenschaftlichen Experiments«. This paper discusses how focused ethnography and surveys can be mixed within a social experiment in order to explore orientation in space as a social process (and not only as a cognitive one) and to examine the role maps have during this process. Our research design is based on a three-step interdisciplinary methodology, mixing cartographic methods with surveys and ethnography: (1) Cartographers developed maps for several paths through a Berlin university building from the ground floor (starting point) to the roof-top (finish). (2) Between 2009 and 2013, a social experiment was set up during five social events that drew lots of visitors. Volunteers first answered a questionnaire and then participated in a race from the starting point to the finish, using a randomly assigned map and a randomly assigned route (factorial design without control group). At the finish area, respondents answered another set of survey questions and evaluated the assigned maps. (3) Along the selected routes, members of the research team conducted focused ethnography in order to observe interaction among respondents, between other people, the map and the built environment. Comparing these various data sources, we will discuss what methods are suitable to find answers to our research questions, which are among others: How does orientation work? What strategies do people use? What should maps for (indoor) navigation look like in order to satisfy user’s needs? Afterwards we will present selected results.
Nearest Neighborhood Characteristics of a Tropical Mixed Broadleaved Forest Stand

Structural complexity and local biodiversity of species-rich tropical forests can be characterized by their spatial patterns, which contribute to species intra- and interspecific interactions. Aiming to describe spatial patterns of species at fine spatial scales, we applied the quantitative analyses based on the relationships of nearest neighbors of conspecific and heterospecific trees. In a two-hectare plot of a tropical broadleaved forest stand in central Vietnam with minimal human influence, all tree individuals with diameter at breast height ≥ 2.5 cm were mapped and their characteristics were recorded. We applied two different types of analyses: (1) Intraspecific structural characteristics using nearest neighbor statistics; (2) overall interspecific associations through a classification scheme based on bivariate nearest neighbor distribution function D12(r) and Ripley’s K function K12(r). The findings showed that: (1) Most of studied species in the forest were highly mixed with other species, while conspecifics were regular to aggregated distribution at small spatial scales. Tree individuals with different diameter values were surrounded by heterospecific trees; (2) The majority of 306 species-species pairs showed spatial independence (66.7%), whereas 29.8% of all species showed an overall positive association and negative association consisted only a small percentage (3.5%) up to spatial scales of 50 m. We found significant evidences of the main ecological theories such as dispersal limitation, Neutral theory, Janzen-Connell hypothesis, and other effects like the stochastic dilution. We suggest using both the bivariate distribution of the structural parameters and the spatial point pattern analysis based on nearest neighbor distance as advantageous approaches for further understanding of population structure, as well as discovering and protecting biodiversity in the future.
Fostering incremental and radical innovation through performance-based contracting in inter-organizational relationships

In addition to internal innovation, inter-organizational relationships (IOR) have become an increasingly important source of innovation. Such IORs are usually governed by contracts that provide safeguards to opportunistic behavior and failures, yet the majority of contracts are not conducive to innovation. Nevertheless, anecdotal evidence suggests that innovation in IORs can be fostered by applying performance-based contracts (PBCs); yet, to date, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms is limited. This study combines transaction cost economics and agency theory to develop a theoretical model that explains how and under what conditions PBCs lead to innovation. More specifically, we investigate how the two main features of PBCs—low term specificity and rewards that are tied to performance—affect incremental and radical innovation using data on 106 IORs from the Dutch maintenance industry. We find that term specificity has an inverse-U-shaped effect on incremental innovation and a negative effect on radical innovation. Furthermore, pay-for-performance has a stronger positive effect on radical innovation than on incremental innovation. Finally, contrary to our expectations, we find a positive moderation effect of the partner’s degree of risk-aversion on the relationship between pay-for-performance and both types of innovation. We also found that this moderation effect is stronger for radical than for incremental innovation.
Investigating the relationship between organizational culture and work engagement

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and work engagement. Work engagement is shown to be powerfully linked to a range of business success outcomes. Although a large number of studies investigate the link between employees’ work engagement and organizational variables, there remains a dearth of scientific research on organizational culture and its impact on work engagement. A quantitative research design is undertaken in a South African ICT company. A total of 455 employees complete the South African Culture Instrument and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Correlation analysis shows that all the dimensions of organizational culture correlate positively with work engagement dimensions. Regression analysis reveals that leadership, management processes and goals, and objectives make the strongest statistically unique contribution in predicting the dimensions of work engagement. As work engagement is shown to relate to several positive work outcomes, it makes sense for organizations to increase their employees’ levels of work engagement by addressing and improving organizational culture. The scientific understanding of the potential relationship between these constructs extends organizational culture and work engagement literature by empirically establishing an association between the two constructs.
Lipids in Marine Ecosystems

Lipids provide the densest form of energy in marine ecosystems. They are also a solvent and absorption carrier for organic contaminants and thus can be drivers of pollutant bioaccumulation. Among the lipids, certain essential fatty acids and sterols are considered to be important determinants of ecosystem health and stability. Fatty acids and sterols are also susceptible to oxidative damage leading to cytotoxicity and a decrease in membrane fluidity. The physical characteristics of biological membranes can be defended from the influence of changing temperature, pressure, or lipid peroxidation by altering the fatty acid and sterol composition of the lipid bilayer. Marine lipids are also a valuable tool to measure inputs, cycling, and loss of materials. Their heterogeneous nature makes them versatile biomarkers that are widely used in marine trophic studies, often with the help of multivariate statistics, to delineate carbon cycling and transfer of materials. Principal components analysis has a strong following as it permits data reduction and an objective interpretation of results, but several more sophisticated multivariate analyses which are more quantitative are emerging too. Integrating stable isotope and lipid data can facilitate the interpretation of both data sets and can provide a quantitative estimate of transfer across trophic levels.
Adding geography to the new economic geography : bridging the gap between theory and empirics

For reasons of analytical tractability, new economic geography (NEG) models treat geography in a very simple way: attention is either confined to a simple 2-region or to an equidistant multi-region world. As a result, the main predictions regarding the impact of e.g. diminishing trade costs are based on these simple models. When doing empirical or policy work these simplifying assumptions become problematic and it may very well be that the conclusions from the simple models do not carry over to the heterogeneous geographical setting faced by the empirical researcher or policy maker. This paper tries to fill this gap by adding more realistic geography structures to the Puga (1999) model that encompasses several benchmark NEG models. By using extensive simulations we show that many, although not all, conclusions from the simple models do carry over to our multi-region setting with more realistic geography structures. Given these results, we then simulate the impact of increased EU integration on the spatial distribution of regional economic activity for a sample of 194-NUTSII regions and find that further integration will most likely be accompanied by higher levels of agglomeration.
Assessment of emotional distress and parenting stress among parents of children with clubfoot in south-western Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Clubfoot, the commonest orthopaedic congenital deformity in the tropics, is usually recognised from birth and affects one or both feet. The discovery of the child's deformity may diminish the joy of childbirth with attendant emotional reactions. Hence, this study assessed the levels of emotional distress and parenting stress among parents of children with clubfoot in Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 58 parents of children with clubfoot attending the clubfoot clinic of a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. They completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Parenting Stress Index Short Form. RESULTS: The prevalence of emotional distress and parenting stress were 15.5% and 12.0% respectively. The mean score of parenting stress and its subscales were 67.44 (SD=18.07); parental distress 26.71 (SD=8.82); parents-child dysfunctional interaction 19.13 (SD=5.91) and difficult child 21.60 (SD=7.19). The patient age group was significantly associated with emotional distress level (x2=13.566, p=0.004). Pearson's correlation showed significant positive correlation between parental stress and the patient's age (r=0.277, p<0.05) and HADS depression score (r= 0.290, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study has provided relevant information on the experiences of Nigerian parents caring for children with clubfoot. Health care professionals involved with the care of children with clubfoot should also pay attention to the emotional wellbeing of the parents.
Outsourcing in Cooperatives in Tanzania: Assessing the Contribution of Outsourcing on Organisational Performance

This study was designed to explore the contribution of outsourcing on organisational performance and why cooperatives are undertaking outsourcing projects . Also; this article examines the relationships between outsourcing strategies and organizational performance. The results show that cooperative organisations were unfamiliar with outsourcing and outsourcing strategies. The study also found that cooperative organisation undertook outsourced activities in order to reduce cost, improve delivery and reliability of services as well as to make use of resources not available in the organisation. In addition, Cooperatives outsourced services in order to reduce manpower need in the organisation, focus on core organisational competencies as well as making organisational financial resources for profitable core activities. Keywords: Outsourcing, cooperatives and organisational performance
‘Happy and a bit Nervous’: the experiences of children with autism in physical education

Summary Twelve students with autistic disorder participated in interviews to reveal their perspective of physical education. Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken to provide a comprehensive account of the data. Three key themes emerged, each a compilation of a set of subthemes. The first theme, individual challenges, was comprised of physical ability, sensory challenges and a fear of injury. The second theme, peer interactions, encapsulated subthemes of initiation of friendship, camaraderie, social comparison and bullying. The final theme that emerged from the data was exclusion, which attends to children’s experiences of being excluded by the teacher or as a result of activities being too difficult. Most notably, however, this theme relates to children requesting to be excluded. These findings are discussed in relation to research on the perspectives of students with and without disabilities. Considerations for future research are also provided.
Analyst Disagreement and Aggregate Volatility Risk

The paper explains why firms with high dispersion of analyst forecasts earn low future returns. These firms beat the CAPM in periods of increasing aggregate volatility and thereby provide a hedge against aggregate volatility risk. The aggregate volatility risk factor can explain the abnormal return differential between high and low disagreement firms. This return differential is higher for firms with abundant real options, and this fact can be explained by aggregate volatility risk. Aggregate volatility risk can also explain why the link between analyst disagreement and future returns is stronger for firms with high short-sale constraints.
Moment Inequalities and Complete Moment Convergence

Let and be sequences of random variables. For any and , bounds for and are obtained. From these results, we establish general methods for obtaining the complete moment convergence. The results of Chow (1988), Zhu (2007), and Wu and Zhu (2009) are generalized and extended from independent (or dependent) random variables to random variables satisfying some mild conditions. Some applications to dependent random variables are discussed.
The cost of producing a sexual signal: testosterone increases the susceptibility of male lizards to ectoparasitic infestation

Alfredo Salvador, Jose P. Veiga," Jose Martin,*'' Pilar Lopez,* Maria Abelenda, and Marisa Puerta Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, C.S. I.C. , J. Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain, Department of Zoology, Uppsala University, Villavagen 9, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden, and Departamento de Biologia Animal II (Fisiologia Animal), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Geodetic constraints on glacial isostatic adjustment in Europe

Direct measurements of surface deformation due to Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) in Europe have been so far mostly limited to the present‐day uplift area. Here, we use permanent GPS networks results to investigate the significance of GIA effects in Europe south of Fennoscandia. We show that uplift in Fennoscandia is surrounded by subsidence reaching as far south as the Alps, with a maximum vertical rate of 1.5 mm/yr between 50.5–53°N. Horizontal velocity gradients show shortening between Fennoscandia and north‐central Europe with strain rates of ∼10−9 yr−1 and principal compressional strain axis pointing to the Gulf of Bothnia in a radial pattern. We find a very good quantitative agreement with the 3D surface displacement predicted by Milne et al. (2001), although the increase of misfit in far‐field of Fennoscandia suggests that geodetic data outside of the uplift area may bring additional constraints to the rheological parameters used in GIA models.
The amplitude and phasing of climate change during the last deglaciation in the Sulu Sea, western equatorial Pacific

Variations in tropical sea surface temperature patterns and the phasing relative to climate change in higher‐latitudes provide insight into the mechanisms of climate change on both orbital and shorter time‐scales. Here, we present well‐dated, high‐resolution records of planktonic foraminiferal δ18O and Mg/Ca‐based SST spanning the last deglaciation from the Sulu Sea, located in the western equatorial Pacific. The results indicate that the last glacial maximum was 2.3 ± 0.5°C cooler than present in the Sulu Sea with a concomitant decrease in sea surface salinity. The similarity between variations in surface salinity in the Sulu Sea, the western and eastern equatorial Pacific, and the Greenland ice‐core record suggests that the observed changes in salinity reflect large‐scale rearrangement of atmospheric patterns, which were coherent and synchronous throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The results suggest that the glacial equatorial Pacific climate was strongly influenced by both tropical, and extra‐tropical forcing, although it is not clear whether interannual (ENSO) variability is a good analogue of glacial‐interglacial climate change.
The Impact of Housing Prices on Health in U.S. Before, During and After the Great Recession

I estimate the effects of U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) housing prices on a variety of health outcomes and risky health behaviors separately for homeowners and tenants. The constructed dataset consists of information on individuals from the 2002 - 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) combined with homeownership data from the March Current Population Survey (CPS) and housing prices from Freddie Mac. I estimate positive results for homeowners in terms of their health and negative results for tenants. I also find increases in risky behaviors among tenants associated with increases in housing prices, which may be driving the reduction in their health status. Those estimated effects are concentrated on low income homeowners and tenants. The estimated contemporaneous effects do not persist in the long run while the effects of an increase in housing prices on being obese become more pronounced for homeowners, resulting in worse self-reported health.
Quantifying Determinants of Immigration Preferences

This paper quantifies the relative importance of determinants of individual-level immigration preferences. We develop and estimate a new latent-factor model using survey data on eighteen countries from the European Social Survey from 2014 and 2015. On a metho-dological level, we address several potential problems causing biased estimates. Identifying individual-level economic concerns about immigration, worries about compositional amenities, racism, and altruism as drivers of immigration-related preferences, the estimation results show that racism is quantitatively the most important factor. It is about as important as the joint effect of worries about the economic and non-economic effects of immigration. Furthermore, we document that altruism raises significantly the support for immigration, although it is quantitatively less important than the other factors.
Spiral-driven accretion in protoplanetary discs - II Self-similar solutions

Accretion discs are ubiquitous in the universe and it is a crucial issue to understand how angular momentum and mass are being radially transported in these objects. Here, we study the role played by non-linear spiral patterns within hydrodynamical and non self-gravitating accretion disc assuming that external disturbances such as infall onto the disc may trigger them. To do so, we computed self-similar solutions that describe discs in which a spiral wave propagates. Such solutions present both shocks and critical sonic points that we carefully analyze. For all allowed temperatures and for several spiral shocks, we calculated the wave structure. In particular we inferred the angle of the spiral patern, the stress it exerts on the disc as well as the associated flux of mass and angular momentum as a function of temperature. We quantified the rate of angular momentum transport by means of the dimensionless $\alpha$ parameter. For the thickest disc we considered (corresponding to $h/r$ values of about 1/3), we found values of $\alpha$ as high as $0.1$, and scaling with the temperature $T$ such that $\alpha \propto T^{3/2} \propto (h/r)^3$. The spiral angle scales with the temperature as $\arctan(r/h)$. The existence of these solutions suggests that perturbations occurring at disc outer boundaries, such as for example perturbations due to infall motions, can propagate deep inside the disc and therefore should not be ignored, even when considering small radii.
Features of Marketer-Generated Content Tweets For Electronic Word of Mouth in Banking Context

This study aims to identify the features of Market-Generated Content (MGC) tweets that are posted with a purpose of initiating electronic word of mouth (known as eWOM). A successful tweet is a tweet that earns active participation from the customers, e.g. getting Retweeted (RT) or Favorited (FAV). The phenomenon of eWOM effectively helps to propagate marketing agendas in both short-term marketing campaigns and long-term brand awareness. In the analysis process, logistic regression and Association rule methods were applied to mine the significant features on the MGC posts which were collected from four selected banks in Thailand during a specific period of time. For results, logistic regression indicated a set of features that causes a substantial number of RT and FAV. Additionally, the Apriori algorithm of the Association rule further specified two key features for effective RT and FAV, and it also suggested how to combine other features with those two key features to enhance the gain of RT and FAV. Keywords : electronic Word of Mouth, eWOM, Marketer-Generated Content, MGC, Logistic regression, Association rule, Social media, Twitter mining.
Violent Video Games, Catharsis Seeking, Bullying, and Delinquency

The effects of violent video game exposure on youth aggression remain an issue of significant controversy and debate. It is not yet clear whether violent video games uniquely contribute to long-term youth aggression or whether any relationship is better explained through third variables such as aggressive personality or family environment. The current study examines the influence of violent video game exposure on delinquency and bullying behavior in 1,254 seventh- and eighth-grade students. Variables such as parental involvement, trait aggression, stress, participation in extracurricular activities, and family/peer support were also considered. Results indicated that delinquent and bullying behavior were predicted by the child’s trait aggression and stress level. Violent video game exposure was not found to be predictive of delinquency or bullying, nor was level of parental involvement. These results question the commonly held belief that violent video games are related to youth delinquency and bullying.