Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observation of Parent-Child Interaction in Supermarket Decision-Making

Patterns of interaction between parents and children were unobtrusively observed in supermarkets to determine the processes and effects of decision-making in the selection of breakfast cereals. This exploratory investigation seeks to assess which party initiates the selection episode, how the other party responds, the content and tone of communication, and occurrence of unpleasant consequences such as arguments or unhappiness. To examine the key elements of the cereal purchase decisions, observers monitored exchanges in parentchild dyads in a natural supermarket setting. Observers surreptitiously viewed the behavior of parents and children at the cereal shelves as the process unfolded, and recorded the sequence of action along with the characteristics of the participants. The investigation focuses on cereal selection because this product is most frequently involved in parent-child consumer interactions, and because advertising research indicates that television commercials have a major impact on children's cereal requests.
The Influence of Directors from Related Industries in Shaping Firm Policies

Does the specific background and expertise of outside directors influence corporate policies? While the literature recognizes that directors contribute to firm value through their monitoring and advisory functions, the precise manner and extent to which directors’ expertise affects the firm’s operational and financial decisions is not well understood. We analyze this issue by identifying a group of directors that are likely to have considerable knowledge about the firm’s industry: directors from related upstream (supplier) or downstream (customer) industries (DRIs). We then investigate the impact of DRIs on specific corporate policies. We find that firms with DRIs benefit from: (1) shorter cash-conversion cycles, (2) lower inventory, (3) lower accounts receivable and, (4) higher accounts payable. We also find that firms with DRIs are less financially constrained as indicated by their lower cash-to-cash flow sensitivities. In addition, the investment to cash flow sensitivity is also lower with DRIs, thereby suggesting that they reduce investment distortions within firms. Further, investment responds less to stock prices (measured by Tobin’s Q) in firms with DRIs when the stock prices are not very informative – suggesting that DRIs act as alternative conduits of information. In a similar vein, we find that firms with DRIs utilize their production factors more efficiently (as measured by labor and total factor productivity), thus signifying that the industry expertise of DRIs helps the firm better anticipate industry conditions and trends.
Does the hierarchical position of the buyer make a difference? The influence of perceived adaptive selling on customer satisfaction and loyalty in a business-to-business context

Purpose – The first purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of adaptive selling, as perceived by customers, on customer satisfaction – both with the salesperson and the company – and loyalty to the supplier. In addition, this study aims to examine to what extent the organizational position occupied by the buyer moderates the results obtained (i.e. satisfaction and loyalty) as a consequence of a salesperson’s adaptive selling behavior. Design/methodology/approach – Data obtained from a survey of organizational buyers from a wide range of industries are analyzed through structural equation modeling. Findings – Findings from the study indicate that perceived adaptive selling significantly increases satisfaction with the salesperson, satisfaction with the supplier and loyalty to the supplier while controlling for length of the buyer–seller relationship. In addition, these effects are stronger when the contact person at the buying company is the general manager as opposed to the purchasing manager.
Clinical risk factors and serotonin transporter gene variants associated with antidepressant-induced mania.

INTRODUCTION Identifying clinical and genetic risk factors associated with antidepressant-induced mania (AIM) may improve individualized treatment strategies for bipolar depression. METHOD From 2009 to 2012, bipolar depressed patients, confirmed by DSM-IV-TR-structured interview, were screened for AIM. An AIM+ case was defined as a manic/hypomanic episode within 60 days of starting or changing dose of antidepressant, while an AIM- control was defined as an adequate (≥ 60 days) exposure to an antidepressant with no associated manic/hypomanic episode. 591 subjects (205 AIM+ and 386 AIM-) exposed to an antidepressant and a subset of 545 subjects (191 AIM+ and 354 AIM-) treated with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) were used to evaluate the association of AIM with phenotypic clinical risk factors previously published. 295 white subjects (113 AIM+ cases, 182 AIM-controls) were genotyped for 3 SLC6A4 variants: the 5-HTTLPR, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs25531, and the intron 2 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR). Tests of association with AIM were performed for each polymorphism and the haplotype. RESULTS The only clinical risk factors associated with AIM in the overall and the SSRI + SNRI analysis was bipolar I subtype. The S allele of 5-HTTLPR was not significantly associated with AIM; however, a meta-analysis combining this sample with 5 prior studies provided marginal evidence of association (P = .059). The L-A-10 haplotype was associated with a reduced risk of AIM (P = .012). DISCUSSION Narrowly defined, AIM appears to be at greatest risk for bipolar I patients. Our haplotype analysis of SLC6A4 suggests that future pharmacogenetic studies should not only focus on the SLC6A4 promotor variation but also investigate the role of other variants in the gene.
Self-Selection and Stock Returns Around Corporate Security Offering Announcements

Stock returns around security offering announcements are conditional on firms’ self-selection into a particular security type. We use a switching regression methodology on a data set of U.S. straight debt, convertible debt, and seasoned equity offerings to estimate counterfactual announcement returns that would be obtained had the same firms instead opted for alternative financing. Our evidence is consistent with firms choosing the financing type with the least negative expected announcement effect. Our results justify some observed pecking order behavior patterns better than do actual announcement effects, yet also suggest that for some firms equity-like financing may be preferred to debt-like financing.
[Magnetic resonance imaging study and cochlear implantation in post-meningitic deaf patients].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in post-meningitic patients and its impact on surgical decision. METHOD The pre-operative MRI data and auditory brainstem response (ABR) examination of five post-meningitic patients were studied. They were implanted with cochleas. RESULT The interval between the onset of bacterial meningitis and the hearing loss was (15.8 +/- 15.0)d and it was longer in children than adults. Five ears showed membranous cochlear labyrinth abnormality; 3 ears had vestibule vestibule abnormality; 8 ears demonstrated semicircular canal abnormality on MRI examinations in totally 10 ears. The mean hearing threshold of 10 ears was (102.0 +/- 7.1)dB HL,that of the operated ears was (98.0 +/- 5.7)dB HL and that of the un-operated ears was (106.0 +/- 6.5)dB HL. It was (15.8 +/- 15.0)d from the bacterial meningitis onset to hearing loss. The interval is longer in children than adults. There were 3 ears that electrodes could not be inserted completely. CONCLUSION The bacterial meningitis may cause the abnormalities of inner ears and the MRI before surgery is essential for the pre-operative planning of cochlear implant.
A cognitive perspective on Singaporean primary school pupils' use of reading strategies in learning to read in English.

BACKGROUND This study is conducted in Singapore, where learning to read in English is regarded as essential because it is offered as a First Language (L1) subject in the curriculum and is stipulated as the medium of instruction in the education system, and the mother tongues are offered as Second Language (L2) subjects, although the majority still learn English as an L2. AIMS The paper reports on the reading strategies used by Singaporean primary school pupils from a cognitive perspective, which is part of a larger study that aims to investigate these pupils' language learning strategies. SAMPLE The participants were 18 pupils from three neighbourhood primary schools, in grades Primary 4, 5 and 6. METHOD The data were collected from high- and low-proficiency pupils at each of the three grades in each school, who read two texts at each level. Grounded in an information-processing theory and based on successful experiences of scholars using think-aloud for data collection, we asked the pupils to read and report what they were thinking about while reading. The think-aloud protocols were recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded and analysed. RESULTS The results suggest that participants' flexible and appropriate use of reading strategies varies according to language proficiency and grade level, with the high-proficiency group outperforming its lower-proficiency counterpart and the high-graders outnumbering the lower-graders in terms of the number of strategies that they used. These differences were also exemplified with qualitative findings from case studies. CONCLUSIONS The use of reading strategies differs according to proficiency levels, and the quality of pupils' strategy-use patterns has more significant implications for understanding efficient reading among primary school pupils.
Identifying Occupational Performance Barriers of Stroke Survivors: Utilization of a Home Assessment

ABSTRACT Background: Stroke survivors often have impairments that make it difficult for them to function safely in their home environment. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify occupational performance barriers in the home and describe the subsequent recommendations offered to stroke survivors and their caregivers. Methods: An occupational therapist administered a home safety tool to assess stroke survivors’ home environments, determine home safety problems, and provide recommendations. Findings: Among 76 stroke survivors, the greatest problems were identified in the categories of bathroom, mobility, and communication. Two case studies illustrate the use of the home safety tool with this population. Implications: The home safety tool is helpful in determining the safety needs of stroke survivors living at home. We recommend the use of the home safety tool for occupational therapists assessing the safety of the home environment.
Arousal and the conversion of "short-term" to "long-term" memory.

We have reported1-3 that) mice trainied while their cerebral protein synithesis was markedly inhibited by acetoxycycloheximide learned normally and remembered normally for more than three hours after training but had markedly impaired "long-term" memory.4 These studies suggest that learning and "shortterm" memory are inot dependent on cerebral protein synthesis, but that it is necessary for the establishrnent of "long-term" memory. Acetoxycycloheximide was found to be maximally effective in impairing the formation of "long-term" memory if it was given prior to training so that inhibition of cerebral protein synthesis was established during training.1-3 The drug was slightly effective if given immediately after training3 and completely ineffective if given 30 minutes later. This suggests that the cerebral protein synthesis apparently required for "long-term" memory normally occurs during training or within minutes after training, or both. In the previous experiments, it was not possible to determine whether "shortterm" memory could lead to the formation of "long-term" memory at times later than a few minutes after training. Although "short-term" memory persisted for hours after training, inhibition of cerebral protein synthesis by acetoxycycloheximide also persisted for this period of time. Therefore, "conversion" of "short-term" memory to "long-term" memory hours after training would presumably be blocked by the persistent action of the inhibitor of cerebral protein synthesis. Recently, we have found that cycloheximide inhibits cerebral protein synthesis as intensely but more transiently than acetoxycycloheximide, and shares with it the ability to prevent the formation of "long-term" memory.5 In the present experiments, the doses of cycloheximide that were used inhibited approximately 95 per cent of cerebral protein synthesis during training but permitted very marked recovery within three hours after training. Despite the extensive recovery of the capacity of the brain to synthesize protein at a time when "short-term" memory still remained, "long-term" memory was not spontaneously established. However, the introduction of manipulations that generate "arousal" led to the development of "long-term" memory if introduced at a time when "short-term" memory persisted (i.e., 3 hr after traininig). The reestablishment of marked inhibition of cerebral protein synthesis prior to the onset of the "arousal"-producing manipulation blocked the establishment of "longterm" memory. Materials and ill ethods.Male ,Swiss albinto iice weighing approximately 30 gm were obtained from the Charles River Breeding Corp. They were trained to escape shock by choosing the lighted limb of a T-maze to a criterion of five out of six consecutive correct responses as described previously.2 In other experiments, they were trained to choose the left limb of a T-maze for water reinforcement to a criterion of three out of four consecutive
Ventures for the Public Good and Entrepreneurial Intentions: An Empirical Analysis of Sustainability Orientation as a Determining Factor

Abstract Entrepreneurship for sustainable development has become an increasingly researched area, as it is one promising response to sustainable development challenges. This paper contributes with a large-scale empirical analysis at the person level, specifically addressing the match between pursuing sustainable entrepreneurial opportunities and social and environmental concerns of the individuals behaving entrepreneurially. Despite this being a crucial precondition to actually address sustainability challenges by means entrepreneurship for sustainable development, the validity of this tenet has rarely been analysed empirically. Using large-scale survey data to analyse how sustainability orientation relates to entrepreneurial intention aimed at contributing sustainable development, this contribution helps to fill this research gap. Specifically, it shows that sustainability orientation has a positive effect on the pursuance of more sustainability-related entrepreneurial opportunities, but not on entrepreneurial intentions. The implications of these findings for environmental, social, entrepreneurship and sustainability policies are discussed.
Asymmetrical fault analysis at the offshore network of HVDC connected wind power plants

Short-circuit faults for HVDC connected Wind Power Plants (WPPs) have been studied mostly for dc link and onshore ac grid faults, while the offshore ac faults, especially asymmetrical faults, have been mostly omitted in the literature. Requirements related to the offshore asymmetrical faults have been kept as future development at national levels in the recent ENTSO-E HVDC network code. In this paper offshore ac faults are studied using the classical power system fault analysis methods. It is shown that suppression of negative sequence current flow is not applicable and negative sequence current has to flow during the asymmetrical offshore faults, which implies that the offshore WPP and the HVDC offshore converter are required to provide flow of negative sequence current. The steady-state fault analysis is verified with time-domain simulations.
The Role of Mutual Funds in Deterring Corporate Fraud in China

Since the 1990s there has been a surge in the mutual fund industry across the world. Mutual funds offer individual investors both the diversification of investment risk and the expertise to monitor corporate decisions. We find the effect of mutual fund ownership in reducing corporate fraud activities among listed firms in China. This confirms that fund managers utilize share prices to discipline firms for misdemeanors. Additional tests reveal that open-end funds reduce their ownership after firms are penalized by the regulatory authorities for corporate fraud. We also observe that this effect is more pronounced among non-state-owned enterprises (NSOEs) than state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This implies the negative side of the government support to SOEs. Since state-controlled listed firms receive government financial support, they are less dependent on the capital market and therefore more insulated from monitoring by external stakeholders. Thus, although managerial political connections could benefit firms in a transitional economy, they incur agency costs for minority shareholders.
Mutual Fund Performance: An Empirical Decomposition into Stock-Picking Talent, Style, Transactions Costs, and Expenses

We use a new database to perform a comprehensive analysis of the mutual fund industry. We find that funds hold stocks that outperform the market by 1.3 percent per year, but their net returns underperform by one percent. Of the 2.3 percent difference between these results, 0.7 percent is due to the underperformance of nonstock holdings, whereas 1.6 percent is due to expenses and transactions costs. Thus, funds pick stocks well enough to cover their costs. Also, high-turnover funds beat the Vanguard Index 500 fund on a net return basis. Our evidence supports the value of active mutual fund management.
Internet Strategies for Established Retailers: Four New Zealand Case Studies

Abstract This paper reports the findings of research on the strategic responses of established retailers to the challenges and opportunities offered by the Internet and the development of electronic commerce (e-commerce). The paper presents a framework for categorizing Internet strategies based on a review of the literature on Internet retailing. It then illustrates the framework using four case studies of New Zealand retailing companies, identifying a range of factors that influence the adoption of Internet retailing.
Zinc storage granules in the Malpighian tubules of Drosophila melanogaster

Membrane transporters and sequestration mechanisms concentrate metal ions differentially into discrete subcellular microenvironments for usage in protein cofactors, signaling, storage, or excretion. Here we identify zinc storage granules as the insect’s major zinc reservoir in primary Malpighian tubule epithelial cells of Drosophila melanogaster. The concerted action of Adaptor Protein-3, Rab32, HOPS and BLOC complexes as well as of the white-scarlet (ABCG2-like) and ZnT35C transporters is required for zinc storage granule biogenesis. Due to similar lysosome related organelle defects, patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome may lack zinc granules in beta pancreatic cells, intestinal paneth cells and presynaptic vesicles of hippocampal mossy fibers.
Management Learning and Development in Central and Eastern Europe: The Case of Romanian Small Business Owner-Managers

ABSTRACT This study examines critical learning experiences of owner-managers of Romanian small private companies, which enabled them to lead successfully in the transition to a free market economy, in order to determine what triggered their learning, what strategies they used and what lessons they derived from their learning experiences. The lenses through which managers saw their world framed their critical incidents and learning experiences. The findings as well as their practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Signaling Underlying Pulsatile Insulin Secretion

Regular oscillations of the circulating insulin concentrations were discovered in the monkey [28] and subsequently found in normal human subjects [50]. The characteristic insulin pattern is deteriorated in patients with type 2 diabetes [49] as well as in their close relatives [6 11. Studies in non-diabetic subjects with suppressed endogenous insulin secretion and diabetic patients have indicated that less insulin is required to maintain normoglycaemia if the hormone is infused in a pulsatile manner compared to a constant rate [12, 57, 59, 63, 641. This difference is probably explained by higher expression of insulin receptors, when insulin is delivered in pulses [27]. It is easy to envision a scenario for the development of type 2 diabetes in which deteriorated oscillations leads to insulin resistance with a compensating hypersecretion of the hormone. In susceptible individuals the increased insulin demand may eventually exhaust the pancreatic p-cells with resulting development of overt diabetes. What is then the origin of the regular insulin oscillations? One possibility is that they result from a negative feedback loop between the liver and the pancreatic pcell [50]. However, later studies have indicated that the oscillations occur independent of changes in plasma glucose, reflecting a pacemaker function in the pancreas [49, 581. This conclusion is consistent with measurements of secretion from the isolated perfused dog pancreas [76]. Another fundamental aspect is the frequency of the insulin oscillations. Whereas the early studies on humans and monkeys indicated a periodicity of 10-15 min [28, 501, measurements in the dog showed 4-8 min. The latter estimate is similar to the periodicity observed from the perfused dog pancreas [75] and that based on blood sampling from the portal vein of dogs [66]. The portal insulin oscillations are very prominent, indicating that pulsatile secretion accounts for 70% of total secretion (Fig. 1). In the periphery the oscillations are less pronounced due to recirculation and the fact that the liver extracts almost 50% of the portal hormone [ 131. The report of a lower frequency of the insulin oscillations in the peripheral blood may simply reflect difficulties in detecting insulin peaks due to a low signal-to-noise ratio [66]. Indeed, measurements on portal blood from patients with liver cirrhosis indicated a periodicity of 4.1-6.5 min [77]. Mechanisms underlying pulsatile insulin release will now be discussed at different levels of integration, starting with isolated pancreatic p-cells.
Gender and e-commerce: an exploratory study

ABSTRACT The authors consider the role of gender as it relates to e-commerce and offer a conceptual framework that attempts to explain why women are less satisfied than men with the online shopping experience. Perceived emotional benefits are discussed as a primary reason women lack support for e-commerce activity. Additional concepts in our model include trust (i.e., skepticism) and practicality (i.e., convenience). Our survey findings revealed that these three concepts—emotion, trust, and convenience—predicted women's dissatisfaction (and men's satisfaction) with online shopping, as well as men and women's actual shopping behavior. The authors offer ideas to help e-marketers form stronger emotional bonds with female shoppers.