Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EffEct of watEr strEss , bio-fErtilizEr and manurE on sEEd and EssEntial oil yiEld and somE morphological traits of cumin

SeghatoleSlaMi, M. , 2013. effect of water stress, bio-fertilizer and manure on seed and essential oil yield and some morphological traits of cumin. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 19: 1268-1274 Cumin is a drought resistant medicinal plant adapted to arid and semi arid regions. Primary productivity in these regions is generally low. in order to study the effect of water stress, manure and bio-fertilizer on cumin a split plot design based on randomized complete block with 3 replications was conducted in two successive growth seasons (2009-2010 and 2010-2011) in Birjand, iran. two irrigation treatments (rainfall+3 irrigations as water stress and rainfall+6 irrigations as control) were in main plots and 7 fertilization methods (controlno fertilizer, 10 t/ha manure10M, 5t/ha manure5M, 50 kg/ha nitrogen as urea50N, 5M+25N and seed inoculation with Pseudomonas putida and P. fluorescence) were in sub plots. Results demonstrated that seed and essential oil yield, plant height and umbel number per plant significantly declined in water stress conditions, but branch number per plant and essential oil and seed germination percentage were not significantly affected by water stress. in water stress conditions, the highest seed yield related to 5M+25N treatment. the effect of fertilizer treatments on plant height, branch number per plant and seed essential oil and germination percentage were not significant. In conclusion, results showed that manure could be used effectively to modify the impact of water shortage and to stimulate an increase in cumin seed and essential oil yields probably through improving the water holding capacity of the soil. Nitrogen application with manure improved the effect of manure application. Seed inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. demonstrated no positive effect on plant growth and yield.
Study the Efficiency of Processed Walnut Bark Powder for Methylene BlueColor Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Color is one of the most important contaminant factors of wastewaters such as textile, leather, dyeing and plastic industries, cosmetics, paper and paint industry and food industries. Present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the efficiency of processed walnut bark powder for methylene blue color removal from aqueous solutions. The study was experimental- intervention type. In the study, initially walnut bark samples were milled and then sieved and 80×360 μm particles were separated and collected. In order to removing impurities, milled samples were rinsed several times by sodium bicarbonate detergent, 0.1 N HC and distilled water and dried at 105°C for 2 hours. For measuring absorption amount and color concentration spectrophotometric method was utilized at 663nm. Results showed that removal percent of methylene blue dye increased by increasing in dye initial concentration and contact time. Absorption data for studied absorbent follows Freundlich model with regression coefficient of R2= 0.93. Processed walnut bark powder as an inexpensive and possibility to preparation in different conditions could be utilized as strong absorbent for water and wastewater treatment. Strength of the present study could be utilization of inexpensive and easy biotechnology for environmental pollution.
Development Success : An Exploratory Study

Web page development by end users is an increasingly common organisational activity, yet very little research has focused on the success of these Web applications. The Technology Acceptance Model has been used widely to investigate the acceptance of information systems, with results identifying a causal relationship from an individual’s beliefs, to their attitudes, to their intentions and then to their actions. The study described in this paper uses an adaptation of the TAM to investigate these relationships within an end user Web development context, in order to ascertain whether an end user developer’s beliefs, attitudes and intentions can be used to predict the success of their Web application development. The results suggest that the beliefs, attitudes and intentions of end user developers do play a role in Web development success.
Maternal Disempowerment and Sever Food Insecurity as Determinants of Undernutrition Among 6-36 Month Old Children in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia: Case-Control Study

Globally, malnutrition is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five year. The relative importance of each of the known risk factors of malnutrition including household food insecurity is likely to vary between settings. However, to the best of authors’ knowledge, there is no sound empirical study that simultaneously investigates the relative importance of maternal disempowerment and food insecurity on the risk of undernutrition in 6 -36 month old children in the study area. Therefore, this study was aimed to examine role of maternal disempowerment and food insecurity on under nutrition in 6-36 month old children living in Gurage Zone. To achieve study objective, Hospital based unmatched case–control study was conducted among 6-36 month old children who visited to the selected health facility of Gurage zone. A total of 346 (116 cases and 232 controls) children were included in the study. Case participants were selected consecutively; control participants were selected by systematic sampling technique. Data were collected by using interviewer administered structured questionnaire with anthropometric measurement instrument and entered into EPI data v 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS v 21. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated through simple and binary multiple logistic regressions model. The result showed that undernutrition among children was significantly associated with high maternal disempowerment [AOR 6.53 (2.77-15.34)] and severe food insecurity [AOR 2.79 (1.29.04)]. Generally, the study concluded that maternal disempowerment and severe food insecurity were independently associated with under nutrition among 6-36 month old children living in study area. Besides, Hence, enhancing the household food security and promoting mother to decide lonely or jointly with their husband on issue that affects their own self or child health, resource allocation and freedom of mobility is important to prevent under nutrition in 6-36 month old children.
Factors Associated with Milk Consumption among College Students of Yazd University of Medical Sciences Based on Theory of Planned Behavior

Introduction: Daily milk consumption can be introduced as a healthy dietary pattern associated with a range of health benefits. This study aimed to determine factors associated with milk consumption among students of Yazd university of medical sciences based on the theory of planned behavior. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 students in 2014, who were selected via stratified random sampling. The study data was collected from a questionnaire based on the indirect construct of theory of planned behavior. Finally, the study data were analyzed using the T-test, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests. Results: In the present study, 64% of the students consumed milk daily. The behavioral intention, behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, control beliefs, and perceived power were significantly associated with the milk consumption (p<0.05). Conclusion: Educating the students in regard with the importance of receiving enough amount of milk, modifying their misconceptions as well as reinforcing positive beliefs can be effective in increasing milk consumption. In addition, increasing access to milk in university campuses should be taken into consideration.
Evaluation of Resistance to Different Insecticides Against Field Populations of Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Multan, Pakistan*

Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a serious pest of fruits and vegetables in Pakistan. The cover sprays against control of fruit flies are being extensively used in Pakistan. For evaluation of resistance to insecticides LC50 of six commonly used insecticide trichlorfon, bifenthrin, malathion, methomyl, - cyhalothrin and spinosad was determined in fifteen field populations of B. zonata in Multan, Pakistan. Susceptible to high resistance was recorded for trichlorfon (1.00- fold to 41.82-fold). Susceptible to moderate resistance level was observed for bifenthrin (1.39 to 13.59-fold), cyhalothrin (1.07 to 18.24 fold), spinosad (1.15 to 14.08-fold) and for malathion (1.07 to 19.36-fold) while the fly was susceptible to methomyl. The results suggest that B. zonata has developed resistance to trichlorfon, malathion, bifenthrin, -cyhalothrin and spinosad and there is need of resistance management programs for restoring the efficacy of insecticides based control measures.
A tale of migrations from east to west: the Irano‐Turanian floristic region as a source of Mediterranean xerophytes

The Irano‐Turanian (IT) floristic region is characterized by high levels of endemicity. Despite its potential role as a cradle of xerophytic taxa for neighbouring areas, its biogeographical history remains poorly studied. Haplophyllum, a diagnostic element of the IT region, was used as a model to discriminate between alternative biogeographical scenarios for the evolution of the region and, more specifically, to investigate whether it served as a source of xerophytes for the colonization of the Mediterranean Basin.
NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS PREVALENCE IN A HOSPITAL-BASED STUDY IN URMIA

Abstract Objective Neural tube defects including anencephaly, encephalocele, and spina bifida are major congenital malformations with multifactorial etiology, and with a great variation in their prevalence in different populations. The study on the prevalence of these malformations may be helpful in planning strategies for their prevention. The aim of this epidemiologic descriptive study was to determine the prevalence of neural tube defects and to describe their birth characteristics in Motahhari hospital, Urmia, West Azerbaijan. Materials and Methods A cross-section observational study was carried on the hospital-based charts of consecutive 13997 live-births and 124 stillbirths during the period January 2001 through June 2005. The defects categorized based on the domains of anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele according to standard definitions. Results During this period, 117 cases were detected with neural tube defects, giving an overall prevalence of 8.29/1000. Of 117 cases, 81 (69.23%) cases were seen among stillbirths and 36 (30.77%) cases among live-births, that is, the prevalence of neural tube defects for stillbirths and live-births were 653.2/1000 and 2.57/1000 respectively. The yearly prevalence varies between 6.99/1000 and 9.82/1000 over the 4.5-year period. The major lesion was anencephaly with prevalence of 5.52/1000 (66.67% of all neural tube defects). Approximately, two-thirds (66.09%) of cases were found in females. Weights of 73.36% of anencephalic cases were less than 1000 grams. Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of neural tube defects is among the highest reported rates. There was a significance difference in the prevalence of anencephaly, as the most prevalent NTD, between live-births and stillbirths. These findings may necessitate an intensive approach to periconceptional folic acid supplementation as a possible strategy to reduce the prevalence of these defects.
Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection Induces a TLR2-Dependent Activation of Inflammatory Functions in Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells during Acute Hepatitis

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection Induces a TLR2-Dependent Activation of Inflammatory Functions in Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells during Acute Hepatitis Christian Bleau, Aveline Filliol, Michel Samson, Lucie Lamontagne
MINERAL OR ORGANIC FERTILIZATION: FINANCIAL ASPECTS

Farm manure is not disposed in a proper way in Croatia and often farmers consider it as undesirable by-product. Furthermore, stock manure is quite inexpensive fertilizer, even when farmers are forced to buy it to increase soil fertility. The aim of paper was to research costs of mineral and organo-mineral fertilization including applied farm machinery costs and fertilization costs taking into account level of soil fertility and nutrient status. According to nutrient status, fertilizer recommendations were calculated for soil of low fertility, medium fertile and fertile soils. Four fertilization methods were economically analyzed: mineral fertilization (complex fertilizers), mineral fertilization (single fertilizers), organic plus mineral (complex) and organic plus mineral (single). Fertilization costs are calculated in three year production model – wheat, maize and sunflower production. The highest costs are related to combined organic and mineral fertilization 2.729,05 (single mineral fertilizers) and 2.548,60 €/ha (complex fertilizers) for low fertility soils. Higher application of organic fertilization can solve a few problem of agriculture in Croatia: solving manure disposal problem considering environmental EU requirements, increasing soil fertility and crops’ yield what is positively related to farm profitability and decreased costs impacts directly on saving money for farmers.
Review and Comparative Analysis of Studies on Saturated Flow Boiling in Small Channels

Recent studies relating to saturated flow boiling in minichannels and microchannels are reviewed, with a focus on the functional dependence of the heat transfer characteristics on thermodynamic vapor quality. While there is general agreement in the literature that the heat transfer coefficient increases with increases in heat flux, conflicting trends have been reported on the influence of vapor quality. A compilation and analysis of the results from recent investigations in the literature on flow boiling in small channels is presented. Further, correlations for flow boiling proposed in these studies are quantitatively assessed by comparing them against 10 independent data sets from the published literature covering a range of hydraulic diameters from 0.16 to 2.01 mm. Recommended topics for future research in this field are also identified. [Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering for the following free supplemental resources: an appendix containing heat transfer correlations and a database collected from the literature for flow boiling heat transfer in small channels. ]
Effect of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum on cucumber grown under protected cultivation

Effect of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum on cucumber grown in the polyhouse under protected conditions. The experiment was conducted in pots to evaluate the effect of nematode and fungus individually as well as in various sequential combinations i.e. simultaneous inoculation of nematode and fungus (SIS), nematode one week prior to fungus (1WBF) and nematode one week after fungus (1WAF). The results revealed that nematode inoculation caused significantly more reduction in plant growth parameter, viz., shoot length (SL), root length (RL), fresh shoot weight (FSW), fresh root weight (FRW), dry shoot weight (DSW) and dry root weight (DRW) of cucumber as a comparison to fungus alone, however, combined inoculation of the nematode and fungus was statistically significant with respect to reduction in plant growth parameter over their individual effect. Maximum and significantly more reduction in plant growth parameters viz., SL (125.5cm), RL (32.0cm), FSW (44.0g), FRW (24.3g), SDW (8.5g) and DRW (4.1g) was observed in the treatment where nematode was inoculated one week before fungus as compares to an untreated check having SL (138.2), RL (47.5), FSW (58.5), FRW (37.5), SDW (21.5), and DRW (9.4). Nematode reproduction in terms of formation of galls and egg masses and final nematode population in soil was also significantly suppressed in the treatment where nematode was inoculated one week prior to fungus.
Effects of steel fibre-aggregate interaction on mechanical behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete

This work investigated the effects of fibre type, dosage and maximum aggregate size on the mechanical behaviour of concrete reinforced with steel fibres. Hooked-end steel fibres with 50 and 60 mm length and aspect ratios (length/diameter) of 45, 65 and 80 were used with maximum sizes of coarse aggregate of 10 and 20 mm. The same mix proportions of concrete were used throughout the investigation. Flexural testing of 600 mm square panels was performed. Subsequently, cores were taken from these panels and X-ray computed tomography was used to analyse the positioning of fibres in hardened concrete. The experimental results show that the performance of steel fibre-reinforced concrete improved drastically when compared to plain concrete without fibres. Longer, thinner fibres and smaller aggregates were noted to give the best results.
TAXATION, DEMOCRACY AND STATE-BUILDING: HOW DOES

What is Existing theories about taxation and democracy have presumed this relationship to be positive, but tion where the state became strong democratizing before they consolidate their statehood may have important implications for their ability to tax. The paper argues that taxing in a context of weak state capacity necessitates state-building with intrinsically coercive elements, as citizens have few incentives to voluntarily comply. The paper hypothesizes that democracy reduces the ability of the state to coerce and that this has implications for how it can tax. The empirical section uses a most similar systems design to compare a democracy, Lesotho, with an autocracy, Rwanda, demonstrating how the mechanics of this process operate: how governments incentivize bureaucracies into certain kinds of tax collection, depending on regime type;; how this then affects the different levels of state-building activities the tax authority engages in;; and how this cumulatively impacts on tax outcomes. Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Rasmus Broms, Carl Dahlström, Anna Persson and the participants of the OPF seminar for very helpful comments. The Quality of Government Institute Department of Political Science University of Gothenburg michelle.darcy@gu.se
Root Architecture and Genetic Variations Associated with Phosphorus Uptake in Rice

Phosphorus (P) is a finite resource and is a major limiting factor for rice yield on a large area of World’s arable land. The main objective of this study was to investigate plant and soil P interaction in P limiting conditions. A P deficient 25/75% subsoil/sand mix was determined using pots in a preliminary experiment as to be used for screening 30 rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was designed using a randomized complete block design to test if shallow and deep-rooted genotypes differ in extracting P present in soil by using rock phosphate in three treatments: when rock P was absent or embedded either in a shallow 10 cm layer or distributed homogenously in soil mix. All treatments were fed with Yoshida’s nutrient solution lacking of P (YNS-P). Results indicated that P treatment x genotype interaction was significant on shoot dry weight (SDW). The addition of rock phosphate especially in shallow 10 cm layer greatly stimulated plant growth where SDW of plants grown in homogenous P and shallow P significantly outgrew those in zero P treatment. Both P treatment and genotype affected root dry weight (RDW) and root/shoot ratio significantly. Rice from the aus subgroup grown in zero P treatment accumulated significantly more SDW than indica and japonica genotypes. In zero P treatment, the genotypes Black Gora, Rayada, Kasalath, Azucena, IAC25, Dom Sufid, Aux1Wild type, FR13A and especially Sadu Cho accumulated higher SDW relative to the others.
Interactive effects of salicylic acid and silicon on some physiological responses of cadmium-stressed maize seedlings

The impacts of salicylic acid and silicon on some physiological parameters of maize seedlings in the presence of cadmium (100 µM) were investigated. Inhibitory effects of cadmium on seedling growth resulted in reduced shoot and root fresh weight, low percentage of relative water content, low chlorophyll, free proline and soluble sugars contents and a low rate of lipid peroxidation. Results indicated that salicylic acid and silicon alleviate the inhibitory effects of cadmium on maize seedlings by increasing both their chlorophyll content and fresh weight. Although individual treatments of salicylic acid and silicon reduced plants free proline, soluble sugars and cadmium uptake and lipid peroxidation rate, they improved root and shoot fresh weights in both cadmium stressed and unstressed seedlings. When combined, salicylic acid and silicon alleviated the inhibitory effects of cadmium on seedlings significantly.
The Effect of Strategic Flexibility on Strategy-Performance Nexus : A Conceptual Model

Many of the business strategies adopted by organizations fail as a result of inflexibility of such strategies in responding to market dynamics. Although there is a considerable number of research to indicate that the strategic clarity has a strong positive association with firm performance, there remains little theoretical and empirical evidence to explain the effect of strategic flexibility on firm performance. Hence, this concept paper draws on the Porter’s typology and the Miles and Snow’s typology to analyze how the strategic flexibility moderates the association between strategic clarity and firm performance. The paper concludes with a conceptual model that enables the testing of the discrete effect of strategic flexibility on firm performance which in turn will add insights to the said models in the study.
Approaches of implementing ICT technologies within the construction industry

Industry in general has seen many technological developments in recent decades. However, the construction industry has not kept pace particularly within the area of information and communication technologies (ICTs). This could be for many reasons notably including the fragmented structure of the industry. Many studies regard the construction industry’s failure to keep pace with ICTs as a major problem affecting its performance. Hence, they have tried to diagnose the problem in this regard. Many drivers have seen the successful adoption of new ICTs within other industries with this trend now emerging within the construction industry. Because of the increasing awareness among practitioners of the benefits of utilising ICTs within construction, the recent decade has seen many construction projects harnessing ICTs methods and strategies in construction. This paper has an exploratory approach with the aim of reviewing the existing research publications on the subject, describing the current state of ICTs in construction industry, and introducing some successful methods. The presented discussions will provide guidelines for practitioners and policy makers in the construction industry regarding the advantages of adopting ICTs for enhancing the efficiency of the construction industry. The methods introduced could be beneficial for key construction stakeholders in developing countries by presenting the advantages gained from merging ICTs into construction projects processes based on methods previously tested in developed economies.