Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation between perceived experience of caries disease and recorded caries activity among adult patients at a Swedish Public Dental Clinic: A longitudinal study

Abstract Objective. To compare patients' perceived experiences of caries activity with recorded longitudinal caries prevalence, consequences of caries and length of recall intervals. Materials and methods. A questionnaire was mailed to 134 caries active (CA) and 40 caries inactive (CI) adult patients at a Swedish Public Dental Clinic. The overall response rate was 69%. The questionnaire included items regarding perceived caries activity, general health, dietary and oral hygiene habits, level of education and socioeconomic status. Questionnaire responses were studied for their association to clinical data extracted from patient dental records. Results. There was a correlation between patient-perceived and documented caries activity for all respondents (rho = 0.65; p < 0.001). CA patients had significantly more perceived caries activity (p < 0.001), decayed teeth (p < 0.001), root fillings (p = 0.001) and extractions (p < 0.001) than CI patients. The mean recall interval was 1.5 years for CA and 2.1 years for CI (p < 0.001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, CA patients were at increased risk for xerostomia (OR = 22.66, p = 0.003), sleep disturbances (OR = 4.36, p = 0.04) and more frequent use of daily extra fluoride (OR = 3.58, p = 0.03). Conclusions. Patient-perceived experience of caries correlated well with recorded caries activity in this group of middle-aged Swedish adults. Individuals with active caries were aware of their disease and made more frequent attempts to reduce caries activity by use of daily extra fluoride. Individual risk-based recall intervals did not seem to eliminate consequences of disease activity such as root fillings and extractions during the follow-up period.
Fraction Images Derived From Terra MODIS Data for Mapping Burned Area in Acre State, Brazilian Amazonia

The objective of this paper is to present a method for mapping burned areas in Brazilian Amazonia using Terra MODIS data. The proposed approach is based on INPE's PRODES Digital method that applies image segmentation to the fraction images derived from Landsat TM, using a non- supervised classification per region algorithm followed by an image edition procedure for minimizing misclassifications. Acre State, located in the western region of Brazilian Amazonia, was considered for this study. The study area is primarily covered by tropical moist forests ("Floresta Ombrofila Aberta") that has been deforested during the last decades. MODIS (MOD09) data used in this work were acquired on September 5 and 15, 2005 and on October 12, 2005 over the study area. The INPE's DETER (Detection of Deforested Areas in Real Time Project) 2004 dataset for Acre State was used to identify the land cover types affected by the fires. Landsat TM scene (path/row 002/67) acquired on October 13, 2005 and CBERS CCD (path/row 180/111) acquired on October 12, 2005 and field observations were also used as ground truth for supporting and validating the MODIS results. The results of multitemporal analysis with MODIS showed that about 6,500 km 2 of land surface were burned in Acre State. From this, 3,700 km 2 corresponded to the previously deforested areas and 2,800 km 2 corresponded to the forested areas. This information is critical for regional and global environmental studies. The results showed that MODIS sensor daily data is a useful source of information for mapping burned areas and the proposed method can be used in an operational project in Brazilian Amazonia.
INHIBITION BY CHLORAMPHENICOL OF AMINOAZO DYE CARCINOGENESIS IN RAT LIVER: MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES

Summary Chloramphenicol (2%) fed concurrently with 3′methyl‐4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene (3′MeDAB) (0.06%) to male Sprague‐Dawley rats for 12 weeks resulted in a tumour yield of only 7% at 20 weeks, whereas 80% of rats fed a diet containing 3′MeDAB alone developed liver tumours in that time. A control diet, and diets containing chloramphenicol 2%, 3′MeDAB 0.06%, and 3′MeDAB 0.06% plus chloramphenicol 2% were pair‐fed to young male Sprague‐Dawley rats for periods of 4, 7, 10, 14 or 20 days. The livers of the rats protected by chloramphenicol were markedly increased in size and exhibited an accelerated mitotic response in comparison with the livers of rats receiving 3′MeDAB alone. The phase distribution of this mitotic response approximated the response in normal rat liver following a partial hepatectomy. Chloramphenicol in the diet offered only minimal protection against the glycogen loss and ‘oval’ cell proliferation induced in rat liver by 3′MeDAB. The data presented suggest that both an abnormal mitotic response and a significant level of macromolecular binding by carcinogen may be essential for carcinogenesis by 3′MeDAB in rat liver.
Coping as a building mechanism to explain the unique association of affect and goal motivation with changes in affective states

ABSTRACT Background and objectives: In this study, we examined the mediating role of university students’ coping strategies in the unique/additive influence of affective states and goal motivation on upward changes in affect during a midterm exam period. Design: Using a short-term prospective design, key assumptions from the self-concordance model and the broaden-and-build theory were drawn upon to determine whether coping strategies are influenced by goal motivation and affective states, while also subsequently influencing short-term changes in affective states during a semester. Method: A sample of 272 students (79% females and 21% males) participated in a study in which they completed questionnaires twice during the semester. Results: Results of structural equation modeling, using a true latent change approach, have generally supported our hypotheses. Positive affective states and autonomous goal motivation prospectively predicted task-oriented coping which, in turn, was associated with increases in positive affect. Negative affective states and controlled goal motivation prospectively predicted disengagement-oriented coping which, in turn, was associated with increases in negative affect. Conclusion: Coping partially mediates the unique association of affect and goal motivation with changes in affective states of university students.
Differential selection of growth rate‐related traits in wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum, in contrasting greenhouse nutrient environments

Across‐species comparisons show that inherent variation in relative growth rate (RGR) and its underlying traits are correlated with habitat productivity. In this study, we test the hypothesis that growth rate‐related traits confer differential selective effects in contrasting nutrient environments. We specifically test whether high RGR is targeted by selection in nutrient‐rich environments whereas low values of traits that underlie RGR [specific leaf area (SLA), leaf mass fraction and leaf area ratio (LAR)] confer a direct fitness advantage in nutrient‐poor environments, resulting in selection of low RGR as a correlated response. We measured RGR, its underlying component traits, and estimated fitness in a range of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) accessions grown under high and low nutrient conditions. Selection on component traits differed between the two environments, while total selection of RGR was not significant. Using multiple regression and path analysis to estimate direct fitness effects, a selective advantage of high LAR and SLA was demonstrated only under nutrient‐rich conditions. While supporting the view that observed associations between habitat richness and some RGR‐component traits reflect adaptation to differing nutrient regimes, our data suggest that direct selection targets component traits rather than RGR itself.
Differential diagnosis of bluetongue in cattle and sheep

IN 2006, bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) caused the first recorded bluetongue outbreak in northern Europe. This occurred in countries with no previous history of bluetongue virus incursion, including the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. Following a halt to disease transmission over the winter, the virus re-emerged in 2007, spreading throughout northern Europe and eventually reaching the UK in September 2007. The chances that BTV-8 will emerge again in the UK in 2008 are considered to be very high. Due to the wide spectrum of clinical signs and variation in severity of disease seen in cattle and sheep with bluetongue, a variety of diseases may resemble some or all features of bluetongue infection. This article describes the main differential diagnoses of bluetongue in cattle and sheep, and summarises the distinguishing features and laboratory tests that can assist in their differentiation.
Serogroups of Aeromonas species from clinical and environmental sources in Calcutta, India.

Using a recently developed somatic O-antigen serogrouping scheme, 118 isolates of Aeromonas spp. were serogrouped, 68 of which were isolated from diarrhoea patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital and B.C. Roy Children's Hospital, Calcutta, from March 1987 to February 1988 and 50 randomly selected from an environmental study conducted during the same period. The isolates were typed into 23 different serogroups which represent 35.9% of the total 64 O-serogroups in the typing scheme. Only 12 strains were not typable by the available O-antisera. The dominant serogroups recovered from clinical and environmental isolates were O34, O16 and O11. It appears from this study that virulence of individual isolates is not linked to serological identity.
From dynamic chromatin architecture to DNA damage repair and back

ABSTRACT Maintaining the integrity of the genome in the face of DNA damage is crucial to ensure the survival of the cell and normal development. DNA lesions and repair occur in the context of the chromatin fiber, whose 3D organization and movements in the restricted volume of the nucleus are under intense scrutiny. Here, we highlight work from our and other labs that addresses how the dynamic organization of the chromatin fiber affects the repair of damaged DNA and how, conversely, DNA damage and repair affect the structure and dynamics of chromatin in the budding yeast nucleus.
Forecasting the Distribution of Economic Variables in a Data-Rich Environment

This article investigates the relevance of considering a large number of macroeconomic indicators to forecast the complete distribution of a variable. The baseline time series model is a semiparametric specification based on the quantile autoregressive (QAR) model that assumes that the quantiles depend on the lagged values of the variable. We then augment the time series model with macroeconomic information from a large dataset by including principal components or a subset of variables selected by LASSO. We forecast the distribution of the h-month growth rate for four economic variables from 1975 to 2011 and evaluate the forecast accuracy relative to a stochastic volatility model using the quantile score. The results for the output and employment measures indicate that the multivariate models outperform the time series forecasts, in particular at long horizons and in tails of the distribution, while for the inflation variables the improved performance occurs mostly at the 6-month horizon. We also illustrate the practical relevance of predicting the distribution by considering forecasts at three dates during the last recession.
Validation of a Kinect-based telerehabilitation system with total hip replacement patients

The evolving telecommunications industry combined with medical information technology has been proposed as a solution to reduce health care cost and provide remote medical services. This paper aims to validate and show the feasibility and user acceptance of using a telerehabilitation system called Kinect Rehabilitation System (KiReS) in a real scenario, with patients attending repeated rehabilitation sessions after they had a Total Hip Replacement (THR). We present the main features of KiReS, how it was set up in the considered scenario and the experimental results obtained in relation to two different perspectives: patients’ subjective perceptions (gathered through questionnaires) and the accuracy of the performed exercises (by analysing the data captured using KiReS). We made a full deployment of KiReS, defining step by step all the elements of a therapy: postures, movements, exercises and the therapy itself. Seven patients participated in this trial in a total of 19 sessions, and the system recorded 3865 exercise executions. The group showed general support for telerehabilitation and the possibilities that systems such as KiReS bring to physiotherapy treatment.
Two new species of the genus

Two new species of the genus Celyphoma Emeljanov, 1971 in the tribe Issini, C. quadrupla sp. nov. and C. bifurca sp. nov., are described and illustrated. In addition, the male and female reproductive systems of C. quadrupla sp. nov. are described. A key to all 26 species in the genus is provided.
Cosmological Implications of the String Theory Landscape

Progress in string theory has resulted in a whole landscape of vacua solutions.In this talk I explore the cosmological implications of the landscape, based on the dynamics of the wavefunction of the universe propagating on it. The landscape is taken as the phase space of the initial conditions since every of its vacua can potentially give rise to a universe. A superselection rule on the landscape phase space emerges when we include the backreaction of massive long wavelengths and the quantum dynamics of gravitational and matter degrees of freedom. This rule selects only high energy patches which survive the collapse induced by the gravitational instability of massive perturbations.
Does Surgical Approach Affect Total Hip Arthroplasty Dislocation Rates?

Dislocation is a common complication of total hip arthroplasty, but exact effect of surgical approach on dislocation rates remains unclear. Because little randomized prospective data exist in this context, we performed a meta-analysis comparing dislocation rates using the posterior approach with and without soft tissue repair. A systematic literature review resulted in five studies which directly compared the posterior approach with and without soft tissue repair. The dislocation rates with and without repair were 0.49% and 4.46%, respectively. The relative risk for dislocation was determined using a fixed effects model with chi square test for interstudy heterogeneity. The posterior approach without soft tissue repair was found to have an 8.21 times greater relative risk of dislocation than with soft tissue repair (95% confidence interval, 4.05-16.67). A separate systematic review of 11 studies revealed comparable dislocation rates associated with the anterolateral, direct lateral, and posterior approaches with soft tissue repair (0.70%, 0.43%, and 1.01%, respectively). These data demonstrate that adequate soft tissue repair greatly reduces the relative risk of dislocation using the posterior approach, and that the dislocation rates for the three most prevalent approaches are similar. Further prospective randomized trials examining dislocation rates and other clinical parameters are needed.Level of evidence: Therapeutic study, level III (systematic review of level III studies). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Internationalization of Estonian Enterprises: The Market Dimension

The main aim of this working paper is to analyze the target market patterns of Estonian internationalizing companies. Since foreign direct investments are believed to have significantly influenced the internationalization process of Estonian enterprises, the study tries to ascertain whether these processes differ in case of enterprises based on Estonian capital and those with foreign participation. The data of four surveys that were carried out among Estonian exporters and foreign investors, and firms involving foreign investments were used for testing the hypotheses proposed. It can be said that inward foreign direct investments have not contributed much to the internationalization of Estonian companies in the sense that they have mostly concentrated their activities on the Baltic markets or exported their production to the home market of the foreign parent. Additional knowledge of foreign markets gained owing to such international activities is often marginal. Somewhat unexpected was the result that there are no clear differences in target market patterns between firms with differing shares of export in their turnover. Two case studies presented in the last part of the paper suggest the existence of some inter-firm differences that are determined by the motivation of foreign expansion. As Sylvester has been internationalized step by step, but has not followed all the principles suggested by the previous empirical studies. Namely, it did not set up its foreign subsidiary in the market to which it exported the largest share of its production, but selected the market, proceeding from the availability of suitable resources and the distance to the target market. The internationalization of As Baltika has been carried out mostly in line with the ideas of incremental internationalization processes, but the expansion has been faster and the spectrum of foreign market entry modes has been wider than those of As Sylvester.
Inflation , Debt , and Default 1

We study how the co-movement of inflation and the business cycle affects real interest rates and the likelihood of debt crises. First, we show that for advanced economies, periods in which the co-movement between inflation and the business cycle is positive, real interest rates tend to be low. A positive co-movement of inflation with the cycle raises the returns of nominal bonds in bad times, making them a good hedge against aggregate risk. However, such procyclicality also generates default risk, since nominal debt becomes more expensive for the government when the economy deteriorates. In order to evaluate both effects, we develop a model of sovereign default on domestic nominal debt with exogenous inflation risk and domestic risk averse agents. Countercyclical inflation tends to be substitute with default, while procyclical inflation is complement with it. In good times, when default is unlikely, procyclical inflation yields lower interest rates. In bad times, when default is possible, procyclical inflation can trigger an increase in default risk and spikes in real interest rates.
BIOMARKERS OF ACUTE RENAL INJURY AND RENAL FAILURE

ABSTRACT Acute renal failure (ARF) is a frequent problem in the intensive care unit and is associated with a high mortality. Early recognition could help clinical management, but current indices lack sufficient predictive value for ARF. Therefore, there might be a need for biomarkers in detecting renal tubular injury and/or dysfunction at an early stage before a decline in glomerular filtration rate is noted by an increased serum creatinine. A MEDLINE/PubMed search was performed, including all articles about biomarkers for ARF. All publication types, human and animal studies, or subsets were searched in English language. An extraction of relevant articles was made for the purpose of this narrative review. These biomarkers include tubular enzymes (&agr;- and &pgr;-glutathione S-transferase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, alkaline phosphatase, &ggr;-glutamyl transpeptidase, Ala-(Leu-Gly)-aminopeptidase, and fructose-1,6-biphosphatase), low-molecular weight urinary proteins (&agr;1- and &bgr;2-microglobulin, retinol-binding protein, adenosine deaminase-binding protein, and cystatin C), Na+/H+ exchanger, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, cysteine-rich protein 61, kidney injury molecule 1, urinary interleukins/adhesion molecules, and markers of glomerular filtration such as proatrial natriuretic peptide (1-98) and cystatin C. These biomarkers, detected in urine or serum shortly after tubular injury, have been suggested to contribute to prediction of ARF and need for renal replacement therapy. However, excretion of these biomarkers may also increase after reversible and mild dysfunction and may not necessarily be associated with persistent or irreversible damage. Large prospective studies in human are needed to demonstrate an improved outcome of biomarker-driven management of the patient at risk for ARF.
How BMW is defusing the demographic time bomb.

textabstractThe article focuses on how the German car manufacturer, Bayerische Motoren Werke AG or BMW, is managing the effects of population aging on the industry. The redesign of BMW's factories to accommodate older workers and increase productivity is mentioned. Research on a pilot production line, which is based on a mix of employees who have an average age of 47 in the year 2017, is discussed. The roles of Peter Jurschick, Helmut Mauermann, Gunther Stadler, and Kurt Dickert in the development of the pilot project are mentioned. The costs associated with an aging population are noted.
The long-term significance of teacher-rated hyperactivity and reading ability in childhood: findings from two longitudinal studies.

BACKGROUND The aims of this study were twofold: first, to examine behavioural and academic outcomes of children with hyperactivity, using data from two longitudinal studies; and second, to examine comparable psychosocial outcomes for children with early reading difficulties. METHODS Measures of teacher-rated persistent hyperactivity, and reading ability obtained during early primary school were available for children from the Australian Temperament Project and the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. Both samples were followed up to assess behavioural and academic outcomes during the adolescent and early adult years. Family background, antisocial behaviour and literacy were controlled in the first set of analyses to examine the influence of early hyperactivity. RESULTS There were strong linear relationships between early hyperactivity and later adverse outcomes. Adjustment for other childhood variables suggested that early hyperactivity was associated with continuing school difficulties, problems with attention and poor reading in adolescence. Early reading difficulties, after controlling for early hyperactivity, predicted continuing reading problems in high school and leaving school with no qualifications. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that there are dual pathways from early inattentive behaviours to later inattention and reading problems, and from early reading difficulties to substantial impairments in later academic outcomes.
Histological assessment of variations in sexual maturity of cod (Gadus morhua L.) at the Flemish Cap (north-west Atlantic)

A histological method is used to detect the proportion of both adult and recruit females at the beginning of gonad development, in summer, a few months after spawning. At this time it is diYcult to make a visual diagnosis of the sexual maturity stage. The proportion of females with postovulatory follicles is used to determine the length and age at maturity in the year of sampling, and the proportion of females in the cortical alveoli and/or vitellogenic stages is used to estimate the same parameter for the following year. Variations in age and length at maturity during the period 1992‐1995 were analysed by comparing the respective maturity curves of both the ‘‘previous spawners’’ and the ‘‘next-year spawners’’ females. A drastic decrease in both the age and the length at maturity is observed in this period and it seems likely that the age at maturity of female cod became fixed at around age 3 at the end of the period analysed. The possibility that this could be a density-dependent response of the stock at the Flemish Cap is discussed. 1998 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea