Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clarithromycin Delays Progression of Bronchial Epithelial Cells from G1 Phase to S Phase and Delays Cell Growth via Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase Suppression

ABSTRACT The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to support cytoprotection of cells by shifting cells toward a quiescent state (G0/G1). Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is required for cells to pass from G1 phase into S phase, and macrolide antibiotics can inhibit ERK1/2 phosphorylation. However, previous reports suggest that macrolide antibiotics do not affect cell growth in bronchial epithelial cells. Therefore, we studied normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells to determine whether clarithromycin (CAM) suppresses ERK, delays bronchial epithelial cells from progressing to S phase, and delays cell growth. Exposure to CAM at 10 μg/ml daily over 4 days irreversibly decreased the cell proliferation with and without growth supplements (P < 0.0001). CAM also inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation over the first 90 min of exposure (P < 0.05 for 30 min, P < 0.0001 for 60 min, and P < 0.01 for 90 min) and decreased the ratio of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) to total ERK1/2 (tERK1/2) (P < 0.0001). Incubation with CAM for 48 h increased the proportion of cells in G1 phase (means ± standard deviations) from 63.5% ± 0.9% to 79.1% ± 1.4% (P < 0.0001), decreased that in S phase from 19.8% ± 1.2% to 10.0% ± 2.1% (P < 0.01), and decreased that in G2/M phase from 16.7% ± 0.4% to 11.0% ± 0.8% (P < 0.001). In contrast, the ratio of pMEK1/2 to tMEK1/2 was not altered after exposure to CAM. These results suggest that macrolide antibiotics can delay the progression of NHBE cells from G1 phase to S phase and can slow cell growth, probably through the suppression of ERK1/2.
Value of cytologic Papanicolaou smears and polymerase chain reaction screening for human papillomavirus DNA in detecting anal intraepithelial neoplasia

The performance of cytologic screening and its correlation with histology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA have not been evaluated in populations with a low prevalence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). The objective of the current study was to analyze the significance of abnormal smears relative to the histology and PCR detection of HPV DNA.
Characterization of Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth in Alloy 709 and Prediction of Service Lives in Nuclear Reactor Components (Final Report)

Austenitic stainless steel Alloy 709 is a fairly recent alloy developed for high temperature structural applications in power plants. It exhibits excellent creep strength, corrosion resistance and it is being considered alongside other steels as a potential material of choice in structural components for Very High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactors, Sodium Cooled Fast Reactors and Fluoride Salt Cooled High Temperature Reactors. It is essential for the nuclear engineers to have access to detailed databases and predictive computational models for all important properties of Alloy 709, including creep-fatigue crack growth behavior, in order to compare its pros and cons versus other materials. This will allow for informed decisions to be made concerning selection of appropriate materials for nuclear reactor applications. The proposed project aims to address the research needs outlined in Department of Energy programmatic documents. Specifically, the project objectives are:  To measure and report creep-fatigue crack growth rates in Alloy 709 under various creep-fatigue loading in accelerated test conditions and to use this knowledge to predict the extended service life of structural components.  To measure and report the creep-fatigue crack growth rates in Alloy 709 in as-received and aged conditions, and to identify extrapolation rules between these conditions.  To develop and provide a flaw evaluation procedure for creep-fatigue service conditions. The flaw evaluation technique will be validated using predictive computational simulations and experimental testing for validation on several typical crack growth specimens.
Taurine‐, aspartate‐ and glutamate‐like immunoreactivity identifies chemically distinct subdivisions of Kenyon cells in the cockroach mushroom body

The lobes of the mushroom bodies of the cockroach Periplaneta americana consist of longitudinal modules called laminae. These comprise repeating arrangements of Kenyon cell axons, which like their dendrites and perikarya have an affinity to one of three antisera: to taurine, aspartate, or glutamate. Taurine‐immunopositive laminae alternate with immunonegative ones. Aspartate‐immunopositive Kenyon cell axons are distributed across the lobes. However, smaller leaf‐like ensembles of axons that reveal particularly high affinities to anti‐aspartate are embedded within taurine‐positive laminae and occur in the immunonegative laminae between them. Together, these arrangements reveal a complex architecture of repeating subunits whose different levels of immunoreactivity correspond to broader immunoreactive layers identified by sera against the neuromodulator FMRFamide. Throughout development and in the adult, the most posterior lamina is glutamate immunopositive. Its axons arise from the most recently born Kenyon cells that in the adult retain their juvenile character, sending a dense system of collaterals to the front of the lobes. Glutamate‐positive processes intersect aspartate‐ and taurine‐immunopositive laminae and are disposed such that they might play important roles in synaptogenesis or synapse modification. Glutamate immunoreactivity is not seen in older, mature axons, indicating that Kenyon cells show plasticity of neurotransmitter phenotype during development. Aspartate may be a universal transmitter substance throughout the lobes. High levels of taurine immunoreactivity occur in broad laminae containing the high concentrations of synaptic vesicles. J. Comp. Neurol. 439:352–367, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparing and combining process-based crop models and statistical models with some implications for climate change

We compare predictions of a simple process-based crop model (Soltani and Sinclair ), a simple statistical model (Schlenker and Roberts ), and a combination of both models to actual maize yields on a large, representative sample of farmer-managed fields in the Corn Belt region of the United States. After statistical post-model calibration, the process model (Simple Simulation Model, or SSM) predicts actual outcomes slightly better than the statistical model, but the combined model performs significantly better than either model. The SSM, statistical model and combined model all show similar relationships with precipitation, while the SSM better accounts for temporal patterns of precipitation, vapor pressure deficit and solar radiation. The statistical and combined models show a more negative impact associated with extreme heat for which the process model does not account. Due to the extreme heat effect, predicted impacts under uniform climate change scenarios are considerably more severe for the statistical and combined models than for the process-based model.
The effects of acid-etching on enamel from different clinical variants of amelogenesis imperfecta: an SEM study.

PURPOSE Successful bonding of resins to teeth affected by amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) may be highly dependent on how the enamel responds to acid etching. The aim of this study was to determine, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the types of etching pattern achieved with 37% phosphoric acid on dental enamel of 5 clinical variants of AI, namely, pitted hypoplastic, smooth hypoplastic, X-linked (male), X-linked (female), and hypomineralized. METHODS A normal premolar and primary molar from two healthy patients were used as controls. The enamel was scanned before and after acid etching for 1 min. In the normal, control teeth, the three classical etching patterns were produced: type 1, in which the prism cores are preferentially removed; type 2, in which the prism peripheries are removed, and type 3 in which the removal of enamel does not relate to prism structure. RESULTS In the normal primary molar, patterns of types 2 and 3 were generally produced. In the AI teeth, the effects of acid etching reflected the clinical variant of AI. All three etch patterns were observed in the enamel surrounding the pits in the pitted type of AI and in the bands of normal enamel in the female with X-linked AI, as well as in the hypomineralized variant. In contrast, no typical etch patterns could be detected in the enamel from the male patient with X-linked variant, as well as from the enamel affected by the smooth hypoplastic variant. CONCLUSIONS The lack of typical etching patterns in these variants may be the result of abnormal prism structure, or the standard etching time and/or acid concentration may be inappropriate for the abnormal enamel. The results of this study may have useful applications in the restoration of teeth affected by AI.
Cellularity of the Ovarian Stroma in Patients with Endometrial Carcinoma

Cellularity of the ovarian stroma was determined morphometrically in 124 patients with endometrial carcinoma and was correlated with histologic and clinical features of the neoplasm. High cellularity of the ovarian stroma was found to be significantly associated with poor histologic differentiation of the tumor. There was a correlation between patient age and the degree of differentiation and depth of myometrial invasion of the tumor, whereas age did not correlate with clinical stage of the carcinoma or with cellularity of the ovary. Since the ovarian stroma produces androgens, which after peripheral conversion may exhibit estrogenic activity, hyperplasia of the ovarian stroma may contribute not only to the development of well-differentiated endometrial carcinomas, but also to that of poorly differentiated carcinomas. So far, the latter have been considered mostly unrelated to estrogenic influence.
Comparison of Oculus Pentacam and Stratus Optical Coherence Tomography for Measurement of Central Corneal Thickness

Purpose: Measurement of central corneal thickness (CCT) plays an essential role in the diagnosis and treatment of many ocular diseases. In this study, we aimed to compare the CCT measurements obtained using the Scheimpflug system (Pentacam; Oculus, Inc) with a retinal optical coherence tomography device (Stratus OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc) to examine healthy corneas. Methods: CCT measurements of 80 eyes belonging to 40 male patients (mean age: 24.48 ± 6.01 years) were evaluated with the Pentacam and the Stratus OCT. The relationship between the CCT values obtained with these 2 devices was examined with a Pearson correlation analysis, a paired t test, and a Bland-Altman analysis. Results: The average CCT value obtained with Pentacam was 546.11 ± 34.15 μm and that obtained with Stratus OCT was 567.76 ± 35.02 μm. Although the average difference between the devices was 21.65 ± 8.59 μm (P < 0.0001), the measurements obtained with both devices were significantly correlated (r = 0.969, P < 0.0001). In Bland-Altman analysis, there was a high consistency between measurements obtained with either Pentacam or Stratus OCT devices. Conclusions: Corneal thickness measurements differ depending on the device used. Corneal thicknesses that have been calculated with Pentacam were lower than the values obtained with Stratus OCT. Both devices used for CCT measurement are easily applied, noninvasive, and effective. However, the devices are not interchangeable. Stratus OCT is not optimal for CCT measurement because of the important limitations of using manual measurements, but it can be used if other measurement devices designed for the purpose are not available.
Fecal Coliforms and Fecal Streptococci Contamination of Traditional Ice Cream in Tabriz

Most of present traditional ice cream from hygienic quality has non-conforming with extant standards. Pasteurization of primary ice cream mixture with sufficient thermal processing increase hygienic quality level and causes control of primary infection. Origins of infection for traditional ice cream consist of: use of infected primary materials (milk or cream) or non-pasteurization of them. Study of infection ratio of coliforms to enterococci is one of diagnostic method for fecal infection, therefore this study was performed in order to determine the presence of fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci in traditional ice cream and also determine the ratio of fecal coliforms to fecal streptococci for characterization of infection origins. In this study, 30 ice cream samples from different regions of Tabriz were collected and after provided, enumeration of fecal coliforms and Enterococcus according to standards of Iran respectively 356, 2946, 2198 was done. In this study means of coliform and Enterococcus infection were 6.676 and 307.10, respectively. According to result of this study and by attention to mean ratio of fecal coliforms to fecal streptococci in cow, therefore cow as origin of ice cream infection in Tabriz was distinguished, this probably is for direct and indirect contact with milks.
Rotavirus Overview

Rotaviral gastroenteritis is a serious public health problem in both developed and developing countries. The disease is ubiquitous, affecting nearly all children by the age of 5 years. It is the most common cause of hospitalizations for gastroenteritis among children in the United States (30%–70% depending on the season) and is associated with direct and indirect costs of approximately $1 billion per year. Symptoms of rotaviral gastroenteritis are nonspecific (ie, diarrhea, vomiting, and fever), with disease severity varying considerably. Diagnostic confirmation of rotaviral gastroenteritis requires laboratory tests (most commonly enzyme immunoassay or latex agglutination); however, because specific diagnosis is costly and does not affect treatment, laboratory tests are generally not performed. Because no antiviral therapies are currently available, treatment of rotavirus infection is supportive and primarily aimed at the replacement of fluid and electrolyte losses. Based on the observations that improved sanitation does not decrease disease prevalence and that hospitalizations remain high despite the availability and use of oral rehydrating solutions, the primary public health intervention for rotavirus infection is vaccination. Current vaccines (ie, RotaTeq, Merck and Company; Rotarix, GlaxoSmithKline) are effective for reducing rotaviral gastroenteritis (particularly severe disease), emergency department visits, and hospitalizations. Rotavirus vaccination is now included as part of the routine vaccination schedule for all infants in the United States.
Roles of General versus Second Language (L2) Knowledge in L2 Reading Comprehension.

We examined the roles of metacognitive awareness of reading strategies, syntactic awareness in English, and English vocabulary knowledge in the English reading comprehension of Chinese-speaking university students (n = 278). Results suggested a two-factor model of a General Reading Knowledge factor (metacognitive awareness employed during the English reading process) and a Second Language (L2) Specific Knowledge factor (comprising vocabulary knowledge and syntactic awareness) offered the best fit to the data; 87% of the variance in reading comprehension was explained by the two factors together. L2 Specific Knowledge was a stronger predictor of reading comprehension than metacognitive awareness. A multigroup analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling to compare poor-reader and good-reader groups. The correlation between the L2 Specific Knowledge and metacognitive awareness and their relations to reading comprehension were the same across groups.
Low IGF-I suppresses VEGF-survival signaling in retinal endothelial cells: Direct correlation with clinical retinopathy of prematurity

Retinopathy of prematurity is a blinding disease, initiated by lack of retinal vascular growth after premature birth. We show that lack of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in knockout mice prevents normal retinal vascular growth, despite the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor, important to vessel development. In vitro, low levels of IGF-I prevent vascular endothelial growth factor-induced activation of protein kinase B (Akt), a kinase critical for endothelial cell survival. Our results from studies in premature infants suggest that if the IGF-I level is sufficient after birth, normal vessel development occurs and retinopathy of prematurity does not develop. When IGF-I is persistently low, vessels cease to grow, maturing avascular retina becomes hypoxic and vascular endothelial growth factor accumulates in the vitreous. As IGF-I increases to a critical level, retinal neovascularization is triggered. These data indicate that serum IGF-I levels in premature infants can predict which infants will develop retinopathy of prematurity and further suggests that early restoration of IGF-I in premature infants to normal levels could prevent this disease.
The Phonomotor Approach to Treating Phonological-Based Language Deficits in People With Aphasia

The phonomotor treatment program for treating word-retrieval deficits among people with aphasia is inspired by a parallel distributed processing model of lexical processing and is focused at the level of individual phonemes and phoneme sequences. Because verbal production of words involves the translation of a lexical-semantic representation into phonological representations, training the repertoire of phonological sequences should enable individuals with anomia to regain the ability to learn words and sequences, generalize to linguistic items not trained, and continue growth following treatment termination. The development and refinement of the phonomotor treatment program, which began in 2000, have followed the 5-phase model for communication disorders and sciences framework outlined by R. Robey (2004). To date, there have been 8 published articles on the phonomotor treatment program. A large-scale randomized trial comparing phonomotor with standard of care for word-retrieval deficits is underway. The goal of this article is to review the theoretical framework, treatment procedures, current evidence, and future directions of the phonomotor protocol.
Androgen Deprivation Accelerates the Prostatic Urethra Wound Healing After Thulium Laser Resection of the Prostate by Promoting Re‐Epithelialization and Regulating the Macrophage Polarization

Complications after a thulium laser resection of the prostate (TmLRP) are related to re‐epithelialization of the prostatic urethra. Since prostate growth and development are induced by androgen, the aim of this study was to determine the role and explore the mechanism of androgen in wound healing of the prostatic urethra.
Long-term non-invasive measurement of intraocular pressure in the rat eye.

To study the optic neuropathy associated with glaucoma, a system for accurate, reliable, and non-invasive monitoring of intraocular pressure (IOP) is required. Of particular interest is the effect of sampling frequency on IOP. To address this issue, ten adult male brown Norway rats (group 1) were acclimatized to a 12-h/12-h light/dark cycle. On 20 days over a 30-day period, rats were anesthetized with short-acting isoflurane (Forane) inhalant anesthesia and IOP for each eye was determined by averaging 15 valid individual readings obtained with a TonoPen 2 tonometer. The last 12 measurement sessions were performed on a daily basis. To determine the minimum tolerable interval between IOP measurement sessions, a second group of 10 animals (group 2) was acclimatized in the same manner as group 1, and IOP was measured every 4 days over a period of 80 days. Next, IOP was measured every 4 days over a period of 28 days, and finally, every 2 days over a period of 19 days. For all group 1 measurements, there was no statistically significant difference between the right and left eye IOP, 14.75 +/- 1.08 (SEM) and 14.90 +/- 1.09 mm Hg, respectively. However, daily measurements produced a steady decrease in IOP and gradual weight loss. For group 2, overall mean right and left eye IOPs were 15.24 +/- 1.28 (SEM) and 15.12 +/- 1.26, respectively and were not significantly different. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Interface-Induced Spin Polarization in Graphene on Chromia

The induced spin polarization of graphene on $\text{Cr}_{{2}}\text{O}_{{3}}$(001) is investigated using density-functional theory (DFT) and model calculations. The magnetic moment in graphene is a proximity effect and can be regarded as a second-order Stoner scenario, and similar mechanisms are likely realized for all graphene systems with an insulating magnetic substrate. In the absence of charge transfer, the magnetic moment would be quadratic in the exchange field, as contrasted to the usually encountered approximately linear dependence. The net magnetization of the graphene is small, of the order of ${0.01}\ \mu_{\text{B}}$ per atom, but the energy-dependent spin polarization exhibits pronounced peaks that have a disproportionally strong effect on the spin-polarized electron transport and are therefore important for spin-electronics applications.
DREB2C Interacts with ABF2, a bZIP Protein Regulating Abscisic Acid-Responsive Gene Expression, and Its Overexpression Affects Abscisic Acid Sensitivity1[C][OA]

ABF2 is a basic leucine zipper protein that regulates abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent stress-responsive gene expression. We carried out yeast two-hybrid screens to isolate genes encoding ABF2-interacting proteins in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Analysis of the resulting positive clones revealed that two of them encode an AP2 domain protein, which is the same as AtERF48/DREB2C. This protein, which will be referred to as DREB2C, could bind C-repeat/dehydration response element in vitro and possesses transcriptional activity. To determine its function, we generated DREB2C overexpression lines and investigated their phenotypes. The transgenic plants were ABA hypersensitive during germination and seedling establishment stages, whereas primary root elongation of seedlings was ABA insensitive, suggesting developmental stage dependence of DREB2C function. The DREB2C overexpression lines also displayed altered stress response; whereas the plants were dehydration sensitive, they were freezing and heat tolerant. We further show that other AP2 domain proteins, DREB1A and DREB2A, interact with ABF2 and that other ABF family members, ABF3 and ABF4, interact with DREB2C. Previously, others demonstrated that ABF and DREB family members cooperate to activate the transcription of an ABA-responsive gene. Our result implies that the cooperation of the two classes of transcription factors may involve physical interaction.
Mesoionic sydnone derivatives: An overview

Mesoionic compounds are dipolar five or six membere d heterocyclic compounds in which both the negative and the positive charge are delocalized, for which a totall y covalent structure cannot be written, and which cbe represented satisfactorily by any one polar structu re. The most important member of the mesoionic cate gory of compounds is the sydnone ring system. Sydnones are mesoionic compounds having the 1, 2, 3-oxadiazole skeleton bearing an oxygen atom attached to the 5 position. Sydnones are dipolar, pseudo-aromatic heterocycles with a unique variation in electron density around the rin g. These characteristics have encouraged extensive study of the chemical, physical, and biological properties of sy dnones, as well as their potential applications. A large number of sydnone derivatives have been synthesized with biol ogical interest and reported to possess a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities like anti microbial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyret ic, antitumour, antiarthritic and antioxidant properties. The resea rch and development of new sydnone functionalisatio n methods in conjunction with the cycloaddition reactions will p rovide the focus of future research in the developm ent of sydnone drugs. Thus there is wide scope for structurally mo dified sydnone derivatives to explore more potent b iodynamic molecules.