Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PETROGRAPHY AND STABLE OXYGEN AND CARBON ISOTOPE COMPOSITIONS OF CAMPANIAN GRAINSTONES AND RUDSTONES , NORTHEAST PROVIDENCE CHANNEL , BAHAMAS : ODP LEG 101 , HOLE 634 A

Petrographic descriptions and stable oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of microsamples of Campanian-age sediment gravity-flow deposits from Northeast Providence Channel, Bahamas, indicate deep-marine cementation of shallow-marine skeletal grains that were transported to the channel during the Late Cretaceous. Shallow-marine components are represented by mollusks, especially rudists, and shallow-water benthic foraminifers as well as sparse echinoderm and algal grains. The sole evidence of diagenesis in shallow-marine environments consists of micrite envelopes around skeletal grains. Shallow-marine skeletal grains have mean stable isotope values of -3.1%o S0 and +2.6%o 5C. The 50 values are consistent with precipitation in equilibrium with warm (20°-30°C), shallow-marine water. Deep-marine components are represented by equant calcite spar cements and rip-up clasts of slope sediments. Spar cements, exhibiting hexagonal morphology with scalenohedral terminations, most commonly occur as thin isopachous linings in the abundant porosity. Deep-marine cements have mean stable isotope values of l.l%o S0 and +2.7%o 5C. Deep-marine cements are O-enriched relative to shallow-marine skeletal grains, consistent with precipitation in equilibrium with colder (10°-20°C), deep-marine waters. The cement . source during lithification appears to have been dissolution of aragonite and high-magnesium calcite skeletal grains, which made up part of the transported sediment. Interbedded periplatform ooze remains uncemented, or poorly cemented, probably because of lower permeability. Equant spar cements that occur in gravity-flow deposits recovered from Hole 634A have stable isotope compositions similar to spars in Lower and mid-Cretaceous shallow-water limestones exposed on the Bahama Escarpment, to Campanian-Paleocene deep-marine hardgrounds recovered during DSDP Leg 15 in the Caribbean, and to spars in AptianAlbian talus deposits at the base of the Campeche Escarpment recovered during DSDP Leg 77.
The contribution of international trade to economic growth through human capital accumulation: Evidence from nine Asian countries

Abstract This study is an attempt to test the hypothesis “international trade contributes to economic growth through its effects on human capital accumulation. ” To assess the hypothesis empirically, we employed the extended Neo-Classical growth model that reflects some features of the endogenous growth models. We thus ended up with a model in which the change in human capital is sensitive to change in trade policies. Unlike conventional approaches, the model serves to assess and determine the impact of international trade on the accumulation of human capital. The empirical analysis estimates dynamic panel growth equations by using a data-set of nine Asian countries, over the period 1972–2012. The overall evidence substantiates the fact that in countries under consideration, international trade enhances the accumulation of human capital and contributes to economic growth positively through human capital accumulation.
FAST MAPPING AND THE EXTENSION OF NEWLY LEARNED WORDS IN YOUNG CHIDREN

i List of Tables.iii List of Figures . iv Acknowledgements.v Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION.1 The Role of Fast Mapping in Word Learning.1 Fast Mapping Literature.3 Category Learning Literature. 12 Summary and Research Goals.22 Chapter 2: METHODS.23 Participants.23 Materials.24 Procedure.25 Exposure and Basic Outcome Testing.25 Probe Sessions 1-4.27 Chapter 3: RESULTS.31 Exposure and Basic Outcome Testing.31 Probe Sessions 1-4.33 Language Outcomes.34 Bilingual vs. English Monolingual.34 ELL vs. English Monolingual.36 Chapter 4: DISCUSSION.38 Basic Fast Mapping Processes.38 Extension of Fast Mapped Words.40 Descriptive Language Use.45 Summary.46 Bibliography.48
The effects of supplementing diets for weanling pigs with organic acids. A review

Supplementation of diets for weanling pigs with organic acids (e.g. citric, formic, fumaric and propionic acid) has been shown, in many cases, to increase average daily weight gain (ADG, range 4 to 27%) and gain to feed ratio (G/F, range 3 to 15%) and reduce the incidence of diarrhea. However, organic acid supplementation may not always improve A D G or G/F. Potential reasons for inconsistent results are briefly discussed. The growth promoting effects of organic acids may be attributed to increased nutrient and energy retention and digestibility (up to 4%), alteration of bacterial populations and metabolites in the gastrointestinal tract and(or) an effect on metabolism. More research on the physiological, microbial and biochemical effects of supplementing diets for weanling pigs with organic acids is necessary to provide better understanding of their mode of action.
CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF OKRA GUM AS A TABLET BINDER

The type and amount of binders decisively influence the characteristics of tablets prepared by wet granulation procedure. Commonly used binders like acacia, gelatin, starch and hydrolyzed starch have natural origin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a new binder extracted from Hibiscus esculentus (Okra gum) in tabletting. Okra gum was extracted from the pods of Okra fruit by maceration in distilled water followed by filtration of viscous solution as well as precipitation of gum extract by using acetone. To evaluate the binder effectiveness, two models, including a placebo formulation (lactose) and a drug formulation (Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, and/or Calcium acetate) were evaluated. Granules were prepared by different concentrations (0.5-6 %w/w) of Okra gum and tabletted using a Kilian single punch press. Cornstarch (12.5 % w/w) and P.V. P (22 %w/w) were employed as the standard binders for comparison. The physical properties of the granulates and those of the tablets including disintegration time and dissolution rate were studied. The properties of placebo granulates (bulk and tapped density, granule strength, flowability) as well as those of tablets (hardness, friability, disintegration time) were generally good. Moreover, the physical properties of Ibuprofen and Calcium acetate tablets containing Okra gum showed sufficient hardness, desirable disintegration time and low friability. The percent of drug released after 45 minutes were 15 %, 44 % and 96 % for Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen and Calcium acetate tablets, respectively. Okra gum produces some tablet formulations with good hardness and friability. However, this binder prolongs the dissolution rate of some slightly soluble drugs and hence may be good candidate for sustained release formulations.
Growth of Pd-filled carbon nanotubes on the tip of scanning probe microscopy

We have synthesized Pd-filled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) oriented perpendicular to Si substrates using a microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) for the application of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) tip. Prior to the CVD growth, Al thin film (10 nm) was coated on the substrate as a buffer layer followed by depositing a 5 ∼ 40 nm-thick Pd film as a catalyst. The diameter and areal density of CNTs grown depend largely on the initial Pd thickness. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images clearly show that Pd is successfully encapsulated into the CNTs, probably leading to higher conductivity. Using optimum growth conditions, Pd-filled CNTs are successfully grown on the apex of the conventional SPM cantilever.
A New Fractal-Based Design of Stacked Integrated Transformers

Silicon-based radio-frequency integrated circuits are becoming more and more competitive in wide-band frequency range. An essential component of these ICs is on-chip (integrated) transformer. It is widely used in mobile communications, microwave integrated circuits, low-noise amplifiers, active mixers, and baluns. This paper deals with the design, simulation, and analysis of novel fractal configurations of the primary and secondary coils of the integrated transformers. Integrated stacked transformers, which use fractal curves (Hilbert, Peano, and von Koch) to form the primary and secondary windings, are presented. In this way, the occupied area on the chip is lower and a number of lithographic processes are decreased. The performances of the proposed integrated transformers are investigated with electromagnetic simulations up to 20 GHz. The influence of the order of fractal curves and the width of conductive lines on the inductance and quality factor is also described.
Abundance of minerals in the phyllosilicate-rich units on Mars

Context. Phyllosilicates were definitely identified on Mars by the OMEGA (Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, l’Eau, les Glaces et l’Activite) instrument onboard the Mars Express spacecraft. The identification, characterization, and mapping of deposits of these minerals hold clues to the potential past habitability. They also constitute a key element in planning for future landing sites. Aims. To infer the environmental conditions that existed at the time of the formation of these minerals, it is critical to determine if and how the composition of the deposits vary in space and time. Methods. We applied radiative transfer modeling to the OMEGA reflectance spectra to derive the modal mineralogy (mineral abundances) of some phyllosilicate-rich deposits. Results. In many outcrops, including the large areas in Nili Fossae, the surface mineralogy is dominated by primary non-altered minerals, with minor fractions of phyllosilicates. These assemblages could result from hydrothermal alteration. By contrast, deposits in the Mawrth Vallis region exhibit a large content of hydrated phyllosilicates, which suggests that the rocks may be mature sedimentary rocks or altered volcanics. Evidence of alteration resulting from metamorphism due to an impact is reported in the central peak of a crater.
Simulation of small size divertor tokamak plasma edge at low density of plasma

A low density plasma edge of small size divertor tokamak has been modeling by “B2SOLPS0.5. 2 D” fluid transport code. The results of modeling are: 1) Formation of the strong “ITB” has detected more reliable with discovery that, low density plasma is necessary and important condition for it to form. 2) Reduction of plasma density play significantly role in the formation of the strong ITB as global parameter, possibly through change in the steep density gradient which stabilize “ITG” mode. 3) The radial electric field of small size divertor tokamak plasma edge is plasma density dependence and maximum radial electric field shear is found at low plasma density. 4) In the “NBI” discharge the toroidal (parallel) velocity at low plasma density is co-current and upward direction. 5) The structure of plasma pressure and radial electric field in quiescent H-mode are obtained.
The acquisition of clicks by Xhosa-speaking children

The article deals with the order of emergence of click consonants and the nature of click inventory. It reveals the course of development and differentiation of a phonological repertoire of a type different from those studied in depth to date. The sample consists of 10 children, three males and seven females between 1:0 and 3 years old. The study shows ample evidence of the extensive use of question and prompting routines directed at these Xhosa-speaking children and explains why these children learn these clicks so early despite how marked they are. Results describe the order of acquisition; the appearance of all basic clicks; the tempo between 1:7 and 2:0 years; the period of occurrence of a spurt; and the development of voiceless to voiced and nasalized clicks.
Comparison of the effect of caffeine containing energy drink and Glucon D on auditory and visual reaction time

There has been an increase in the consumption of energy drinks in the last decade which raises a concern regarding its safety. Glucose improves information processing and cognition. But research on only glucose containing drink is lacking. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of Red Bull,a caffeine containing energy drink and Glucon D on visual and auditory reaction time in medical students. A total of 30 students,15 boys and 15 girls, in the age group 18 to 22 yrs were recruited for the study after taking approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee. At the beginning, a baseline record of pulse, blood pressure, ART and VRT were taken for all students. The students were given Red Bull and readings were taken after 30 minutes. After an interval of five days the same procedure was repeated with Glucon D. All readings were taken between 10-12 a.m. On comparing the effect of Red Bull on either sex, there was no significant difference. On comparing the effect of the two energy drinks, the p value between the effect of Red Bull and Glucon D on ART was 0.457 and on VRT was 0.314. Both were not statistically significant. There was a significant increase in pulse rate with Red Bull (P=0.036). The mean DBP increased marginally with Red Bull which was not significant (P=0.496).
The impact of partner spatial, social and network differences on the joint R&D project performance: an analysis of university-industry collaborations

The importance of University-Industry (U-I) collaborations is widely accepted among scholars and practitioners. Firms increasingly engage in the joint R&D partnerships with universities and research institutions to access the knowledge externalities generated by researchers, and leverage their research competencies. There is an on-going debate concerning the factors that determine the innovative and commercial performance of such research collaborations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of partner spatial, social and network characteristics on the product development and commercial performance of the joint research projects from the Dutch Technology Foundation STW. In order to test the identified hypotheses, 419 research projects and 798 unique partners were analysed. Findings indicate a statistically significant negative impact of larger spatial distances between the project applicant and other participants. The closeness centrality indicates an inverted U-shaped effect, and previous repeated collaborative ties have a statistically significant negative effect on the joint R&D project product development and commercial results.
Impacts of Mau Forest Catchment on the Great Rift Valley Lakes in Kenya

Remote sensing and GIS applications are being widely used for various projects relating to natural resource management. Forests are very important national assets for economic, environmental protection, social and cultural values and should be conserved in order to realize all these benefits. Kenya’s forests are rapidly declining due to pressure from increased population, technological innovation, urbanization human development and other land uses. Mau forest is one of the major forests in Kenya that is a catchment area for many Great Rift Valley lakes within the country and faces a lot of destruction. Continued destruction of the Mau forest will cause catastrophic environmental damage, resulting in massive food crises and compromising the livelihoods of millions of Kenyans, and the possible collapse of the tourism industry. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between the increasing rate of deforestation and the reduction of the volumes of water in the neighboring lakes between the years 1989 to 2010. Satellite images from Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) were used for the detection of changes in the Mau forest and the dynamics of the neighboring water bodies that included lakes: Naivasha, Baringo, Nakuru, Elementaita and Bogoria. The research showed that from a period of 1989 to 2010 Mau forest has been decreasing due to deforestation and the water bodies have irregular dynamics in that, from 1989 to 2000, there was rise in the volume of water, this is attributed to the El Nino rains experienced in the country during the year 1997 and 1998. But between 2000 and 2010 the volume decreased as the forest is also decreasing. It is recommended that the government creates awareness to sensitize the public on the importance of such forests as catchment areas in Kenya.
M2390 - RASIAH PRINT.indd

Southeast Asia’s unique history, which covers some of the culturally rich nations of the world, has been shaped by both internal and international forces of change. The classical period of Southeast Asian history was marked both by the profound infl uence of forces external to the region and by a range of indigenous responses. Taken together, they shaped the elements for new forms of state and society, religion and culture, economy and commerce, labour relations and the environment. The changing contours of colonialization altered the patterns of political authority and economic development, tying the Southeast Asian states to metropolitan powers in the process. Primary commodity production – ranging originally from spices to cultivated sugarcane, coff ee, cocoa, coconut, rubber, and mining of tin and later oil – became the cornerstone of the colonial mode of production. Thailand escaped direct colonial rule but got absorbed into the capitalist world economy. Resistance to colonial rule had begun the very moment colonialism started. Although Japanese military intervention in 1941–45 provided the initial escape from colonization as Indonesia declared itself independent from both the Japanese and the Dutch, a larger army opposed to capitalist relations was to play a key role in shaping power relations in Southeast Asia. Communist insurgencies gripped British Malaya and the Philippines while communist forces gained control of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos from initially the French and subsequently the Americans. It was only after the collapse of the Soviet Union that Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia gradually integrated into the capitalist world economy. Myanmar remains isolated from global economic forces, but its militaryruled economy has begun integrating with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) since the 1990s. Decolonization and the formation of independent states in the region heralded a shift in domestic and international politics, the nature of state– society relations, and the pace and direction of economic development. The postcolonial ruling elites in Southeast Asia sought to deal with the legacies of colonialism while at the same time dealing with political challenges that threatened social order. This often turbulent period in the
Which Unicondylar Prosthesis Has Better Mid-Term Results: Fixed or Mobile?

Objective: Osteoarthritis, which is one of the most common causes of pain and motion loss, is an important medical disease that particularly affects elderly people. Unicondylar knee arthroplasty treatment is still a challenge for obese and/or ACL deficient patients. In addition, surgeons have difficulty in decision making whether to use fixed or mobile bearing designed unicompartmental knee prosthesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fixed or mobile insert design prosthesis on the mid-term results of patients that were followed up for 8 years or more. Methods: Between 2003 and 2014, 293 patients were treated with unicondylar knee arthroplasty due to medial gonarthrosis, and 239 patients that we followed up for at least 18 months were included in the study. Nine of the patients (3.7%) underwent bilateral operation, 193 (77.8%) patients were operated with the fixed insert design, and 55 (22.2%) patients were operated with the mobile insert design. A total of 248 knees were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The mean age was 59.3 (53–71) years. 156 patients (65.2%) were male and 83 patients (34.8%) were female. The mean follow up period was 101 months (18–126). The mean body mass index was 29.4 kg/m2 (25–33 kg/m2). The preoperative mean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) value was 72.64±5.32 (68–78), and the mean Knee Society Knee Scoring System (KSS) score was 70.6±3.9 (66–89). The postoperative mean WOMAC value was 97.23±4.02 (92–100) (p<0.05), and the mean KSS score was 92.3±3.94 (85–100) (p<0.05). Conclusion: When we compared the fixed and mobile insert design prosthesis, there was no statistically significant difference between the knee scores, but the mobile insert design prosthesis had better flexion degrees. We have observed 97.2% prosthesis survival rates over 8 years. In conclusion, unicondylar knee prosthesis is a good treatment option, with a high success rate for medial knee osteoarthritis. (JAREM 2016; 6: 31-4)
The short-term incidence of the financial activities tax

In 2017 a financial activities tax was introduced in the Norwegian financial sector. Using a difference-in-difference framework and a rich panel data set for all Norwegian banks, this study tests the hypothesis that consumers bear some of the burden of the extra tax on wages in form of increased prices on loans. The effect on four different interest rates are examined; the interest rate on all loans, mortgage loans to the public, mortgage loans to households and commercial loans. For the interest rate on all loans and both markets for mortgage loans, visual and statistical evidence show no indication of a price increase due to the tax. In the market for commercial loans, visual evidence show diverging interest rate trends after the tax is introduced. Regressions on this dependent variable yields a point estimate for the effect of the tax of 0.264 percentage points with a p-value of 0.068.
LONG-TERM MODIFICATIONS IN LEFT VENTRICULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION AFTER ADRENALECTOMY OR MEDICAL TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY

Background and aim: hyperaldosteronism has been related to collagen deposition, myocardial fibrosis, and ventricular remodeling in experimental studies. More recent evidence suggest that these detrimental effects can develop independently of blood pressure and a significant decrease in the mortality rate of patients with heart failure who were treated with aldosterone antagonists has been reported. Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a form of secondary arterial hypertension that offers an important clinical opportunity for assessing the effects of hyperaldosteronism on the left ventricular (LV) anatomy and function because, in this condition, its effects are isolated from those of the renin-angiotensin axis. In the literature, only few longitudinal studies have evaluated cardiac changes after treatment of hyperaldosteronism with either surgical or medical treatment. Hence, in the present study we have explored the relationship between aldosterone and the heart by assessing cardiac anatomic and functional evolution of a large number of patients with PA surgically or medically-treated. Methods and Results: fifty-five patients with PA were enrolled in a prospective study and were followed for a mean of 6.4 years (range: 4.5 to 8 years) after adrenalectomy (n=41) or medical treatment (n=14). The diagnosis of APA (aldosterone producing adenoma) was based on adrenal vein sampling and pathology results and on follow-up data. At baseline and at follow-up we performed Doppler echocardiography for estimation of LV wall thickness and dimensions and transmitral LV filling flow velocity indexes. At baseline, PA patients who subsequently underwent adrenalectomy were younger and had lower body mass index and lower diastolic blood pressure than PA patients medically-treated. The former showed an excess LV hypertrophy and concentric remodeling, but with a less degree of diastolic dysfunction compared with the latter.