Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Landfill Leachates Treatment by H 2 O 2 /UV, O 3 /H 2 O 2 , Modified Fenton, and Modified Photo-Fenton Methods

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as H2O2/UV, O3/H2O2, modified Fenton, and modified photo-Fenton processes have been investigated in terms of the treatment of landfill leachate with ratio of BOD5/COD in the range of 0.22 to 0.24. The modification of Fenton and photo-Fenton processes consisted in the inclusion of precipitation and separation of humic substances at pH 3. Due to the precipitation, the value of COD decreased by 39% and BOD5 by 7.1%. The modification of the processes allowed us to improve the efficiency and to decrease the doses of reagents necessary to continue the process. Modified photoFenton process proved to be the most effective (92.7% COD removal) of all processes investigated. Additionally, modified-Fenton process was much more effective than the other two processes when compared up to 120 min, while after longer times it gave the least satisfactory results. After 30 min of modified-Fenton process BOD5/COD ratio increased to 0.43. The parameter referred to as “efficiency of oxidants” was used to estimate the efficiency of all the processes—its value varied from 178 to 239%. Various substances including phthalates, hydrocarbons, silanes, and siloxanes were identified in raw and treated leachate.
Measuring the specific surface area of wet snow using 1310 nm reflectance

The specific surface area (SSA) of snow can be used as an objective measurement of grain size and is therefore a central variable to describe snow physical properties such as albedo. Snow SSA can now be easily measured in the field using optical methods based on infrared reflectance. However, existing optical methods have only been validated for dry snow. Here we test the possibility to use the DUFISSS instrument, based on the measurement of the 1310 nm reflectance of snow with an integrating sphere, to measure the SSA of wet snow. We perform cold room experiments where we measure the SSA of a wet snow sample, freeze it and measure it again, to quantify the difference in reflectance between frozen and wet snow. We study snow samples in the SSA range 12–37 m 2 kg −1 and in the mass liquid water content (LWC) range 5–32%. We conclude that the SSA of wet snow can be obtained from the measurement of its 1310 nm reflectance using three simple steps. In most cases, the SSA thus obtained is less than 10 {%} different from the value that would have been obtained if the sample had been considered dry, so that the three simple steps constitute a minor correction. We also run two optical models to interpret the results, but no model reproduces correctly the water–ice distribution in wet snow, so that their predictions of wet snow reflectance are imperfect. The correction on the determination of wet snow SSA using the DUFISSS instrument gives an overall uncertainty better than 11%, even if the LWC is unknown. If SSA is expressed as a surface to volume ratio (e.g., in mm −1 ), the uncertainty is then 13% because of additional uncertainties in the determination of the volume of ice and water when the LWC is unknown.
Renegotiating the Lome Convention: Trade Policy Schemes and their Effects for African Region

In this study we evaluate two different trade policy scenarios between European Union and African regions. The quantitative impacts of these policies are analysed by multiregional general equilibrium model (GTAP). In most African countries, the trade with the EU has been governed by the Lome Convention, which has offered non-reciprocal duty-free access for most of their imports to the EU. With the new Cotonou Agreement, these relationships are aimed to be compatible with WTO rules by building economic agreements between partners. We analyze these agreements as free trade areas and study how they compare to GSP system, which is available for most of African countries. Supplementary data on GSP tariffs has been implemented to GTAP database using the TRAINS database produced by UNCTAD. Results show the negative effects of both free trade areas and the GSP system on GDP, although welfare effects in the free trade area case may turn positive when assuming the labor supply to adjust to the new situation. Negative effects are mainly based on declining price level of African commodities. The phasing out of the Multifibre Arrangement has been studied separately to analyze its importance to African countries.
Impact of International Cross-Listing and Delisting on Return Volatility

This paper studies the effects of international cross-listing and delisting on the overall daily volatility, nontrading-hour volatility and trading-hour volatility of stock returns, with a focus on the U.S. firms cross-listed/delisted on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. We find that international cross-listing (delisting) reduces (increases) overall and trading-hour volatility while keeps non-trading-hour volatility unaffected. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that international cross-listing (delisting) reduces (increases) the amount of private information and non-informed speculations.
La aventura científica de Ramón y Cajal

Este Cuaderno esta dirigido tanto a quienes sin ser especialistas en temas cientificos, quieran acercarse a la obra de Ramon y Cajal (1852-1934), como a cuantos deseen leerla tal como el la expreso. Cada fragmento reproducido en el CD se acompana con explicaciones e imagenes para que pueda ser entendido por todos. Su lectura colmara el interes y llenara de satisfaccion a quienes decidan celebrar el primer centenario de la concesion del Premio Nobel de Medicina y Fisiologia (que le fue otorgado en 1906) de la mejor manera posible: comprendiendo la obra cientifica que nos lego, una obra que sigue siendo editada y citada por la neurociencia internacional. (Libro + CD)
Performance of Islamic banks and conventional banks before and during economic downturn

It is an established fact that the capital structure of an Islamic bank differs significantly from that of conventional bank, hence the likelihood that the risk levels of the two types of banks and their depositors may vary. Based on this fact, the authors argue that difference in performance does exist between the two types of banks, especially at times of economic downturn. To validate this argument, the authors studied 25 Gulf Council Countries’ (GCC) banks classified as Islamic and conventional for the period 2001-2013. A multivariate general linear model (GLM) was estimated to test for differences in performance before and during the so-called 2008 crisis. The analysis revealed statistically significant difference in performance between the two types of banks. Statistical evidence of an increase in the loan/asset ratio was found for Islamic banks during the crisis with no change for conventional banks. The analysis also revealed that although deposits/asset ratio was higher for conventional banks before the crisis, it was significantly less than that of Islamic banks during the crisis. Interestingly, although they were able to attract more deposits and provide more finances relative to assets, Islamic banks witnessed a dramatic decrease in the return on investment (ROE) compared to conventional banks. The authors provide analysis and interpretations of the results, and potential theoretical and practical implications.
TccP 2-mediated subversion of actin dynamics by EPEC 2 – a distinct evolutionary lineage of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

IP: 54.70. 40.11 On: Sun, 16 Dec 2018 17:56:19 TccP2-mediated subversion of actin dynamics by EPEC 2 – a distinct evolutionary lineage of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Andrew D. Whale, Rodrigo T. Hernandes, Tadasuke Ooka, Lothar Beutin, Stephanie Schüller, Junkal Garmendia, Lynette Crowther, Mônica A. M. Vieira, Yoshitoshi Ogura, Gladys Krause, Alan D. Phillips, Tania A. T. Gomes, Tetsuya Hayashi and Gad Frankel
Performance Improvement of Leaf Identification SystemUsing Principal Component Analysis

This paper reports the results of experiments in improving performance of leaf identification system using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The system involved combination of features derived from shape, vein, color, and texture of leaf. PCA was incorporated to the identification system to convert the features into orthogonal features and then the results were inputted to the classifier that used Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN). This approach has been tested on two datasets, Foliage and Flavia, that contain various color leaves (foliage plants) and green leaves respectively. The results showed that PCA can increase the accuracy of the leaf identification system on both datasets.
REPEATABILITY OF FRONTAL OFFSET CRASH TESTS

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety publishes crashworthiness evaluations of passenger vehicles based on their performance in a 40 mi/h (64km/h) frontal offset crash test. This paper describes the repeatability of vehicle and Hybrid III driver dummy responses for several pairs of vehicles in this type of crash test. Vehicle responses that were compared include interior intrusion measurements and vehicle accelerations. Driver dummy responses include dummy movement during the crash and electronic injuru measures from the head, neck, chest, and upper and lower legs. The seven models that were tested twice are the 1997 Dodge Neon, 1997 Hyundai Elantra, 1994/95 Saab 900, 1995 Ford Taurus, 1997 Pontiac Trans Sport, 1996 Nissan Quest, and 1997 Infinti Q45. Structural measures in the repeated tests were similar to those in the first tests for most models. Among injury measures, head injury criteria, neck tensions, chest compressions, femur and tibia axial forces, upper tibia indices, and foot accelerations also were similar in the repeated tests for most models. Neck bending moments and lower tibia indices were less consistent. Implications of these comparisons for the Institutue's crashworthiness evaluations are discussed. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD E102514.
THE DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP AMONG DIVIDEND, EARNING AND INVESTMENT: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF KARACHI STOCK EXCHANGE

This paper divulges the long term relationship among earning, investment and dividends from 2000 to 2011. Empirical evidence was collected to explore the Modigliani and miller theory of dividend irrelevance. Data was collected from all the sectors but it was ensured that firms did not have negative data of earnings as it is earnings which are either transformed into investment or dividends. Multivariate and bivariate cointegration is used to examine the data. Johansen and Juselius multivariate cointegration disclosed the presence of long term relationship among earning, investment and dividends. The traditional view regarding the dividend irrelevance theorem is rejected by this research and results show that dividend and investment are dependent on each other.
On the Evolving Relationship between Corn and Oil Prices

The relationship between corn and oil prices is not a stable one. We identified three breaks in the relationship between corn and oil prices. The first break coincides with the second oil crisis. The second break marks the end of the agricultural export subsidy war between the EU and the US in the mid 1980s while the third one occurred at the beginning of the ethanol boom at the very end of the 1990s. The relationship between corn and oil prices tends to be stronger when oil prices are highly volatile and when agricultural policies create less distortion. The ethanol boom strengthened the relation between corn and oil prices which are (were not) cointegrated in the fourth regime (first three) regime(s). Impulse response functions confirm that corn prices systematically respond to oil price shocks, but the converse is not observed.
Levels of Employee Share Ownership and the Performance of Listed Companies in Europe

We investigate the effects of employee share ownership (ESO) on three alternative measures of firm performance in a panel of 1,115 companies from the five largest European economies. The results show that firms with ESO enjoy significantly higher levels of capital market performance and of accounting performance than firms without ESO; however, the marginal effects of ESO are declining with increasing ESO levels. ESO does not have a clear effect on productivity. These findings hold for all countries except Spain. Variations in ESO levels within firms over time exert few performance effects.
Criteria of estimation of active vibration isolation system in hand-held percussive tools

The principle way of the reducing of hand-transmitted vibration acting on human operator is to isolate tool’s handle by application of vibration isolation system (VIS). The use of the vibration isolation system increases the work comfort by lowering handle vibration levels, but at the same time it can provoke symptoms of discomfort of the operator, who may feel the tool more difficult to operate and control. This effect should be also taken into account at the stage of designing of active vibration isolation system (AVIS). Finally, a broader approach in AVIS designing is needed where both comfort factors, mentioned above, are considered. 2. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
The relation between students’ creativity and technological knowledge in crosscurricular technology and design projects

This study presents an analysis of how creativity in students work is related to the role of the key conceptual technological knowledge in four different cross-curricular technology and design projects in Norwegian primary and lower secondary school. All of the school projects examined were intended to be open-ended providing students with opportunities to be creative and develop their own solutions to the given task. The processes in the groups and the outcomes of the groups’ work are analyzed with regards to technological knowledge and how this relates to the students’ creativity in terms of producing genuine solutions. The analysis shows that in some of the projects the variety of solutions produced by the students is limited. In these student groups the solutions and procedures bear a high degree of resemblance to each other. The findings suggest that students’ limited conceptual technological knowledge constrains their ability to be creative and to produce genuine solutions. The findings also suggest that the projects showing less student creativity tend to be more controlled by the teacher and less open-ended than presupposed. A suggestion based on the findings is that the key conceptual technological content should be identified and communicated by the teacher prior to the project start. Discussing explicitly and exploring concepts and principles with the students before or during the project period will enhance their possibility to be more creative. Introduction; basics of artifacts A characteristic of the conceptual aspects of artifacts is their function. Artifacts are developed for a reason, they are intended to perform and fulfill a human need of some kind. The basic functionality of the artifact is referred to as the operational principle of the device (Vincenti, 1990). The parts that altogether form the artifact work in combination along a principle to fulfill the purpose of the device. This principle describes how the artifact actually works and thereby defines the artifact. Arthur (2009) makes a distinction between phenomena and principles. Whereas phenomena are natural effects independent of humans, a principle is the “idea of use of a phenomenon for some purpose” (p.49). A principle is yet not sufficient for creating a working artifact. The principle has to be realized into a physical working artifact. This can be done in numerous ways and is not a
The Recruitment Pattern of Macrobrachium amazonicum (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) in Two Areas of the Amazon River Mouth, Amapá State, Brazil

Macrobrachium amazonicum is an indigenous prawn vastly distributed in basins of South America, widely exploited by artisanal fisheries in northern and northeastern Brazil and, with great potential for aquaculture. The recruitment pattern of Macrobrachium amazonicum at the Amazon River mouth, State of Amapa was studied for a period of twelve months from January to December of 2009. In this work, 5092 specimens were captured at the two selected sites. The sex ratios obtained in both sites were similar with 1 male to 1.46 females and 1 male to 1.31 females, respectively. The smallest captured specimens measured 10.07 mm. About 91% of juveniles, between 23.00 mm and 33.00 mm of standard length, integrated for the first time the exploitable stock. Ovigerous females of M. amazonicum were found during the entire year; however, the peak reproductive period was December to April when 18 to 34% of the females were ovigerous, coinciding with higher rainfall. The presence of ovigerous females and juvenile shrimps throughout the year observed in the Amazon River suggests that recruitment of M. amazonicum was continuous and that breeding activity is all year round. The recruitment pattern of M. amazonicum occurred throughout the year, showing a major peak in the month of July. The growth parameters obtained for the recruited prawns were L∞ = 95 mm of standard length, K = 0.83 cm.month -1 , C = 1.0, WP = 0.6 and t0 = 0. The size and number of juvenile shrimps caught in this study indicates that the traps in use has very closed cracks and can be affecting the local structure of M. amazonicum populations, given the considerably decreased volume and size of shrimps caught reported by local fishermen. The size at first maturity and number of juvenile prawns caught for M. amazonicum in the present study, suggested that the minimum size of capture is is between 60.0 and 70.0 mm. Keywords : Amazon Region; prawns fishing; reproduction; juvenile prawns .
Star formation across cosmic time with radio surveys. The promise of the SKA

This lecture briefly reviews the major recent advances in radio astronomy made possible by ultra-deep surveys, reaching microJansky flux density levels. A giant step forward in many fields, including the study of the evolution of the cosmic star formation history is expected with the advent of the Square Kilometer Array (SKA).
Soil organic carbon in a mountainous, forested region : relation to site characteristics

Soil organic C content (SOC, kilograms C per square meter) and its relation to site characteristics are important in evaluating current regional, continental, and global soil C stores and projecting future changes. Data were compiled for 499 pedons in the largely forested, mountainous western Oregon region. The SOC of mineral soil ranged from 0.9 to 24 kg C m- 2 (mean = 6.5) for 0- to 20-cm depth and 2.3 to 88 kg C m-2 (mean = 15.8) for 0- to 100-cm depth. Variability in each of the three terms that determine SOC — C concentration, bulk density, and rock volume — contributed substantially to SOC variation. Regression analysis of 134 forest pedons indicated that combinations of site characteristics explained up to 50% of the SOC variability. The SOC increased with annual temperature, annual precipitation, actual evapotranspiration, clay, and available water-holding capacity and decreased with slope. Relations for western Oregon differed qualitatively and quantitatively from those for other regions and contrasted with the decrease in SOC associated with increased temperature in Great Plains grasslands. Of the variability not explained by regression analysis, one-half may be due to the combined uncertainty associated with measurements of C concentrations, bulk density, and rock volume; natural within-site variability; and site-characteristic measurements. Other unexplained variability is probably due to potentially important but poorly documented site characteristics, such as recent vegetation composition, geomorphic disturbance regime, and fire history.
Dendrochronological reconstruction of spruce budworm outbreaks in northern Maine, USA

Using dendrochronological analyses, we reconstructed a 300 year history of eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks in northern interior Maine. By analyzing radial growth patterns from the budworm host, red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), and nonhost, northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.), we identified five outbreaks beginning ca. 1709, 1762, 1808, 1914, and 1976, all of which have been documented from eastern Canada. However, little or no evidence was found in our study for the 1830s, 1870s, or 1940s outbreaks also documented there. The mean outbreak return interval in our study (67 years) was roughly twice that postulated for eastern Canada. Differences in forest types, and associated stand dynamics, between the regions may explain the longer return intervals, and consequently the absence of these three outbreaks in Maine. Results also indicate that small, slow-growing trees exhibit a budworm signal very similar to that of overstory trees, once tree-ring series have been .
AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF EA R NINGS PERSISTENCE , GOOD CORPOARATE GOVERNANCE , AND ACCRUAL COMPONENT TO EARNINGS QUALITY ON BANKING IN INDONESIA IN 2011-2015

This study aims to examine empirically the effect of earnings persistence, good corporate governance, and the accrual component of the quality of earnings in the banking sector in Indonesia. Data analysis was performed using quantitative descriptive method that aims to provide an overview of the nature of things that took place at the time the research was done. The study sample consisted of 25 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with data for a period of 5 years (2011-2015). The results showed that the accrual component of earnings persistence and significant effect on the quality of earnings. The resulting value is significantly smaller than 0.05. While GCG no significant effect on the quality of earnings in the banking sector in Indonesia, where significant value is greater than 0.05. This Study contributes to the existing Earnings Persistence, corporate governance, accrual component and earnings quality literature in emerging markets. In addition, this study offers some useful insights for regulators and policy makers by testing the effect of Banking Indonesia’s reforms on earnings quality Keyword : Earnings persistence, GCG, accrual component, earnings quality Introduction The earnings information in the financial statements is generally important, especially for those who use financial statements for the purposes of contracting and investment decision making. From the perspective of contract objectives, profit information can be used to make decisions related to Good Corporate Governance practices, can also be used as a basis for salary allocation within an enterprise (Sugiarto dan Siagian, 2010). Management that has a particular interest will tend to compile earnings reports in accordance with its purpose and not in the interest of the principal. Under these circumstances, a control mechanism is required that aligns the differences of interests between the two parties. Good Corporate Governance Mechanism has the ability in relation to produce a financial statement that contains information of profit (Boediono, 2010). 1 Corresponden Author : Mahasiswa Magister Akuntansi FEB Universitas Airlangga Kampus B Surabaya Telp. (031) 5033642, 5036584 Email : elok.faiqoh. himmah-2015@feb.unair. ac.id ARTICLE INFO