Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring the performance of private higher education institutions in Malaysia

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a comprehensive model using balanced scorecard (BSC) approach instead of the current ranking system to measure the performance of private higher education institutions (PHEIs) in Malaysia as the ranking system is deemed inaccurate and certain items in the system are redundant. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 105 academicians from seven PHEIs in Malaysia. The data were analyzed for factor analysis using Principal Axis method with Promax rotation in IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20. Findings The result demonstrates that 22 items were successfully extracted into four dimensions that suited the BSC approach with acceptable range of composite reliability and factor loading values. Research limitations/implications The paper reveals the issues of ranking system of the current method in measuring performance of PHEIs. The proposed BSC model should be tested on more PHEIs to increase its validity and reliability. Practical implications This research analyzes the performance of PHEIs from academicians’ perspectives based on the four BSC perspectives. It can be considered as an alternative model for PHEIs’ managers to measure performance of PHEIs in Malaysia rather than the current ranking system. Social implications In the midst of intense competition in private higher education industry in Malaysia, it is crucial to understand that a high performance PHEI is expected to deliver quality tertiary education. This research assists the society to evaluate the strength of a particular PHEI in Malaysia, and further enable them to make a deliberate choice on which PHEI to enter. Originality/value A growing concern for sustainability of PHEIs requires a method to be undertaken by the authority to measure PHEIs’ performance. This paper addresses this concern by offering 22 items to measure PHEIs’ performance and dictating the need to manage PHEIs in a strategic manner, not by ranking system per se.
On Fintech and Financial Inclusion

The cost of financial intermediation has declined in recent years thanks to technological progress and increased competition. I document this fact and I analyze two features of new financial technologies that have stirred controversy: returns to scale, and the use of big data and machine learning. I argue that the nature of fixed versus variable costs in robo-advising is likely to democratize access to financial services. Big data is likely to reduce the impact of negative prejudice in the credit market but it could reduce the effectiveness of existing policies aimed at protecting minorities. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber. org.
Role of foreign exchange exposure in determining hedging practises in Malaysia

This study probed into the relationship between foreign exchange (FX) exposure of 123 non-financial listed Malaysian firms, and their decision to practice hedging, for the period from 2010 until 2017. The FX exposure was proxied by using the foreign sales ratio, as well as the total and net amount of foreign currency exposure (TOTFCR and NETFCR, respectively). Effective 1st January 2010, FRS139: Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement has been imposed on Malaysian firms, requiring firms to disclose data pertaining to TOTFCR and NETFCR disclosed in “Financial Risk and Management” section of a firm’s annual report. As such, the main contribution of this study refers to cash flows-based measurements of FX exposure as this aspect has not been tested empirically. This study employed multiple panel logistic regression analysis to assess the link between FX exposure and hedging practices. The outcomes revealed that the relationship between FX hedging and TOTFCR (NETFCR) is positively (negatively) significant with odds ratio of 1.3235 (0.8126). The study findings are vital as they suggest that firms should pay close attention to FX exposure values as they serve as stimuli for firms’ decision to practice hedging or otherwise. The study has proven the significant roles of foreign sales ratio and firm size in hedging practices, which are in agreement with the outcomes reported in prior studies. JEL Classification: F3, F31, G3, G32,
Why copied or transposed safety, health and well-being legislation and standards are impracticable and irrelevant in developing economies

Abstract This study examines why some adopted, copied or transposed health, safety and well-being (HSW) legislation, standards and measures (LSMs) from developed countries are impracticable and irrelevant in developing and emerging countries (DECs). This stems from the little or no attention that this area has received. The critical review and analysis of relevant literature and selected HSW legislation and regulatory approaches shows that there are no enabling environments for some of the adopted or copied LSMs which are not compatible with the contexts of DECs such as Nigeria. Most of them are developed based on pre-existing and functional environments, which are lacking in the DECs of which one is the adequate level of HSW awareness. The study also shows that the pre-requisite parties for the effective implementation of the LSMs are lacking in a lot of instances. This is exacerbated by one of the main barriers – the regulatory approach and rules, for example the goal-based regulation which is the foundation of the adopted LSMs. While the individual efforts in relation to the copying and adoption of the LSMs are applauded, the implications of the cultural and technology differences are evident. Typically, in developed contexts, construction operations are mainly mechanized but are labour-intensive in DECs. While context-based LSMs are recommended, they should be informed by adequate research. Although a stepping-stone in exploring the topic, the study offers insight into the implications of non-context based LSMs in DECs but empirical studies are recommended.
A study of corruption using the Institutional Analysis and Development framework with an application to the bidding phase of infrastructure procurement

Infrastructure projects are particularly vulnerable to corruption due to the complexity of processes and relationships between private and public entities, and the large-value contracts involved. Corrupt agreements can affect any phase of an infrastructure project, and the outcomes include reduced competition, poor-quality construction or infrastructure that does not meet value-for-money criteria. This PhD thesis brings together insights from economics, sociology and psychology to develop a broad framework of corruption with the focus on individuals, their actions and the settings in which corruption occurs. This framework is then applied to the bidding phase of physical infrastructure procurement. The method used to consolidate and analyse disparate theories and models of corruption across different disciplines is Elinor Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development framework. Key variables of the corruption phenomenon are identified and organised using the IAD framework, and two models are developed. The first is a game-theoretic model analysing the importance of social networks and trust between corrupt partners and the intermediaries who facilitate corrupt exchanges. The second is a simulation model of decision-making processes in corrupt agreements based on a conflict of social norms and individual self-interest. The second model proposes a method of linking legitimacy of institutions, group behaviour status quo, and social network connections, with selfseeking behaviour. Case studies are then developed based on documents filed to support prosecutions under the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 1977. The proposed methods of corruption reduction are based on organisational controls and collectiveaction methods.
Implementasi CSR Perusahaan MIGAS dalam pelayanan kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Tuban (study implementasi CSR Joint Operating Body Pertamina Petrochina East Java)

This paper is a result of research study about the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of oil and gas company in social welfare. This research specifically focus on communities in five villages around an oil and gas Joint Operating Body managed by Pertamina and Petrochina of East Java operating in Tuban Regency, East Java Province. The company performed CSR as required by Law No.22 Year 2001 on Oil and Gas which further elaborated by Special Task Force for Upstream Oil and Gas Business Activities' (SKK Migas) Regulation No. 017/PTK/III/2005 on Guidelines for Community Development. The research method is a qualitative and descriptive. The research found that the company's CSR implemented four programs which do not led to a good practice of community development. Many programs implemented did not align with community needs, lacking of transparency – which then led to misuse of fund, and no impact on affected communities' welfare. Poverty in natural resource rich area is a common phenomena known as as the 'resource course'. It is called a 'curse' as the natural resources were supposed to be a blessing for a prosper and prosperous community. However, the opposite is often happen. This resource curse is believed can be solved by many things, in which one of them, is the company's role through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). In order for CSR programs to work well, align with community needs and have a sustainable impact, then the management of CSR becomes an important thing to be pushed. Transparency and accountability of CSR programs are crucial points which required to be monitored by stakeholders. CSR is not a charity based on voluntary action, but an obligation that is the responsibility of the company as good mining practices.
Self-presentation via electronic word of mouth – a reflective or impulsive activity?

Purpose Previous research suggests that self-presentation causes people to have a reflective tendency to produce electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). Drawing on the theory of the reflective-impulsive model (RIM), this paper aims to examine whether self-presentation also could motivate an impulsive tendency to produce eWOM. Self-monitoring is suggested as a possible moderator in the relationship between self-presentation and impulsive eWOM production. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected based on an online survey of members from a consumer panel. The effective sample size was 574 respondents. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. Findings The findings show that self-presentation may drive both impulsive and reflective eWOM tendencies; however, that the relationship between self-presentation and impulsive eWOM tendency is contingent on high levels of self-monitoring. Originality/value By including self-monitoring as a moderator, this study is the first to show a relationship between self-presentation and impulsive eWOM production. Moreover, the findings show that both impulsive and reflective eWOM tendencies are associated with an enhanced tendency to produce eWOM, thereby demonstrating the usefulness of the RIM theory in understanding eWOM behavior. Overall, the findings shed light on how companies may stimulate eWOM production, and consequently provide insight into creating more effective eWOM campaigns.
Drivers of Food Choice in the Context of the Nutrition Transition in Delhi, India

Objective: Diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasing in India. Decisions relating to diet are complex and vary across cultural, contextual, and personal factors. The aim of this study was to understand the factors that influence the process of food decision-making in households in urban India to inform dietary behavior change interventions to prevent NCDs. Design: Semi-structured interviews were conducted between September and November 2016. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and translated, then analyzed using an iterative, constant comparative process and grounded theory. At the end of the interviews, participants were also asked to sort 12 a priori hypothesized drivers of food into categories of “always,” “sometimes,” and “never” influence their food choice. Setting: Delhi, India. Subjects: Interviews were conducted with 38 women age 20-35. Results: Preliminary qualitative analysis exposed three themes: 1) routinization/habit, 2) family influence, and 3) avoidance of “outside” (e.g. away-from-home) and “junk” food. Responses from the pile sort activity revealed that food safety and health most often influence food choice, while marketing and advertisements least often influence food choice. No significant relationship existed between body mass index and degree of influence on food choice for any driver in the pile sort activity. However, there was a significant (p<0.05) relationship between wealth and degree of influence of health, attitudes and cultural beliefs, and hunger on food choice. Conclusions: Young adult women in Delhi seem to rely on routine, habits and perceptions about “outside” and “junk” food established in childhood, taste preferences of the husband and children, and food safety/health when making choices about food. These aspects of decision-making should be targeted in future interventions aimed at improving dietary intake in this population.
I Can Forgive You, But I Can’t Forgive the Firm: An Examination of Service Failures in the Sharing Economy

Despite rapid growth of the sharing economy, little is known about consumers’ reactions when sharing services fail. Drawing on attribution theory, in three studies we show that consumers forgive such service failures varyingly, depending on the controllability and the locus of attribution of the failures. Specifically, when a failure has low controllability, consumers are more forgiving when it is attributed to an individual service provider than when it is attributed to a service enabling organization. Empathy toward the service provider explains the increased forgiveness. However, no difference in forgiveness is observed in the case of highly controllable failures, irrespective of the source of attribution. Furthermore, the effect of two recovery strategies – compensation and apology – also varies depending on these conditions. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Cross-Border Standardisation and Reorganisation in European Multinational Companies

Multi-national corporations (MNCs) are constantly undergoing a process of standardisation and reorganisation (S&R), which is fuelled by the rapid development of information technology (IT). These developments require an in-depth and systematic inquiry as they have serious ramifications for labour and workers’ participation across Europe. Moreover, there is a lack of systematic research into the effects of these new, and especially IT based, S&R measures on the quality of labour and labour relations in European MNCs. This report provides a comprehensive overview of new (and renewed) S&R trends in European MNCs and their effects on labour. It draws on a systematic analysis of relevant literature and expert interviews. Departing from an overview on the various phenomena related to S&R processes to be found in the literature, the expert interviews led to the identification of six main S&R trends: 1) the renewed impact of ‘lean production’ principles and ‘lean thinking’ on standardisation; 2) the critical role of outsourcing for standardisation processes; 3) new developments in HRM process standardisation; 4) IT-based standardisation; 5) standardisation by Big Data and Industry 4.0; and 6) compliance-induced measures of process standardisation. In practice, all six trends often interconnect to exert a strong impact on labour and labour relations in contemporary MNCs. Hence, the report explores the critical impact of the six trends on labour and workers’ participation across Europe, and also addresses their interconnectedness in relation to the powerful managerial rationales which trigger the observed new (and renewed) S&R moves.
An evaluation of Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar citations in operations management

Purpose Ongoing deliberation about how research productivity should be measured is exacerbated by extensive disparity between the number of citations for scholarly works reported by commercial academic search engines and Google Scholar (GS), the premier web crawling service for discovering research citations. Disparities identified in citation comparison studies have also led to disagreement about the value of the higher number of citations for social sciences and business scholarly articles consistently reported by GS. The purpose of this paper is to extend previous database citation comparison studies by manually analyzing a sample of unique GS citations to a leading operations management journal (i.e. citations found only in GS and not the commercial search engines) to reveal just where these additional citations are coming from. Design/methodology/approach In addition to comparing citation counts for the three databases, unique GS citation data for the sample of journal articles was manually captured and reviewed. The authors’ approach provides a much more in-depth examination of the provenance of GS citations than is found in previous studies. Findings The findings suggest that concerns about the value of unique GS citations may not be warranted since the document types for the unique GS citing documents identified in the analysis are dominated by familiar scholarly formats. Predominantly authentic and validated journal publications, dissertations, conference papers, and book and book chapters accounted for the large majority of the unique GS citations analyzed. Practical implications The study lends further credence to contentions that the use of citations reported in GS is appropriate for evaluating research impact in disciplines where other formats beyond the English-language journal article are valued. Originality/value Developing a more informed understanding of the provenance of unique GS citations in the authors’ field is important because many scholars not only aspire to publish in elite journals with high impact factors based on citation counts provided by commercial databases to demonstrate quality, but also report the larger number of citations for their publications that are reported by GS to demonstrate impact. The in-depth manual analysis suggests that GS provides a more nuanced and comprehensive representation of research impact and international scope than the commercial databases.
Quality portfolios and funding liquidity crises

ABSTRACT This paper shows that the quality minus junk (QMJ) factor and quality-sorted portfolios contain information about funding liquidity crisis. There is a strong and positive relation between the behavior of the QMJ factor and the intensity of funding liquidity crises. This is the case even if we control for the profitability factor, the St. Louis Fed Financial Stress Index, and the market portfolio return. However, we do not find a similar significant relation with respect to market-wide illiquidity. Moreover, the quality-based volatility bound is a strong predictor of the probability of future funding liquidity recessions.
Open Strategy in a Smart City

Strategic planning has traditionally been seen as a business of the upper echelons and top management, whereas the “lower” levels of the organization are charged with taking care of the implementation. The open strategy concept challenges this view by demanding transparency and the involvement of broader communities as a component of the success of the strategy work (Whittington, Cailluet, & YakisDouglas, 2011). Although open strategy work has incontestable advantages, it has also been argued that “the directive, focused, convergent qualities of traditional conceptions of strategy and the nonhierarchical, expansive and often divergent nature of dialogic approaches” (Heracleous, Gößwein, & Beaudette, 2018), raise tensions that are novel to organizations. While previous studies of open strategy researchers have mostly focused on shareholders, employees, or various partner communities, the newest stream of open strategy work builds on open innovation by applying the concept of crowdsourcing to strategy work (Aten & Thomas, 2016; Dobusch & Kapeller, 2018). The word “crowdsourcing” is used for multiple activities and practices that have crowd-participating elements (Estellés-Arolas & González-Ladrón-de-Guevara, 2012; Howe, 2006). Crowdsourcing has many definitions, but in this study the definition from Aitamurto, Chen, Cherif, Galli and Santana (2016) is taken: “Crowdsourcing is an open call for anyone to participate in an online task by sharing information, knowledge, or talent”. As Schenk and Guittard (2009: 5) put it: “crowdsourcing is a form of outsourcing not directed to other companies but to the crowd by means of an open tender (open call) via an Internet platform”. Crowdsourcing has the potential to improve the engagement of citizens in policy-making, even between elections, and because of this ability, it is increasingly used also in public sector organizations (Aitamurto et al., 2016). Although crowdsourcing itself as a method is not new, it provides meaningful opportunities for the more effective use of citizens' opinions in strategy work (Bauer & Gegenhuber, 2015).
Organizational Innovation Factors, Capabilities and Organizational Performance in Automotive Industry

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of external and internal innovation factors on organizational performance directly and through innovation capability in Iranian auto parts industries. This research used the quantitative research method and used the survey technique to gather data from 275 Iranian auto part manufacturing companies. The collected data was analysed using the structural equation modelling (SEM) based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique. The empirical results showed that the inclusion of organisational innovative capability has a profound effect on organisational performance of the selected Iranian auto parts companies. The findings have several theoretical and practical implications.
Profitability of Integrated Farming System model for small and medium farmers of South Tripura, Tripura

The present study was carried out under Krishi Vigyan Kendra, South Tripura to study the production, profitability and employment generation of IFS over prevailing conventional rice-rice system of farming in South Tripura district of Tripura during 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18. The components rice, maize, vegetables, ginger, apiculture, fishery, poultry and piggery were considered for the study under integrated farming system. The Integrated Farming System (IFS) model showed 17.79 % increase in productivity and 48.91 % higher net return over conventional rice-rice system. Among the components evaluated, the highest per cent net return was received from Fishery unit (31.78), followed by Piggery unit (18.19), Apiculture (13.93), Poultry unit (12.96), Spice Ginger (10.19), Crop (7.31) and Vegetables (5.64) respectively. The highest B:C ratio (3.67) was obtained from fishery unit among all the component evaluated under the IFS. A total of 289 Man days/ha/year employments can be generated under Integrated Farming System. This system of IFS model may be useful in the areas where water is limiting and an efficient alternate system of conventional rice-rice system.