Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How the Iranian Free-Style Wrestlers Know and Think about Doping? – A Knowledge and Attitude Study

Nowadays, doping is an intricate dilemma. Wrestling is the nationally popular sport in Iran. Also the prevalence of doping may be high, due to its power demanding characteristics. So, we aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes toward doping among the club wrestlers. In a cross sectional study, 426 wrestlers were studied. For this reason, a researcher made questionnaire was used. In this study, researchers selected the clubs by randomized clustered sampling and distributed the questionnaire among wrestlers. Knowledge of wrestlers in three categories of doping definitions, recognition of prohibited drugs and side effects was poor or moderate in 70.8%, 95.8% and 99.5%, respectively. Wrestlers have poor knowledge in doping. Furthermore, they believe some myths which are unfavorable. It seems necessary to design a comprehensive educational program for all of the athletes and coaches. Keywords—Attitude, Doping, Knowledge, Wrestling
Progesterone and glucocorticoid response elements occur in the long control regions of several human papillomaviruses involved in anogenital neoplasia

We have previously identified in the long control region of the genome of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) a DNA segment which functions as a cell-type-specific enhancer as well as mediating glucocorticoid response. It contains multiple transcription-factor-binding sites, including several for nuclear factor I and one for the glucocorticoid receptor, which binds to the partially palindromic sequence TGTACANNNTGTCAT. We report here that this sequence element, when separated from the surrounding transcription-factor-binding sites and placed as an oligonucleotide into a test vector, retains its function as a glucocorticoid response element (GRE) in HeLa cells. In T47D cells, which express the progesterone receptor, the HPV-16 enhancer fragment mediates progesterone responsiveness. A point mutant in this fragment and the response of the oligonucleotide clone to both steroids prove the identity of the progesterone response element (PRE) with the GRE. The antiprogesterone and antiglucocorticoid RU486 interferes with both hormonal responses. In SiHa cells, the HPV-16 GRE mediates an increase in transcripts encoding E6 and E7 proteins, which are involved in transformation by HPV-16. Hormonal regulation is not restricted to HPV-16: DNA segments containing the cell-type-specific enhancers of HPV-11 and HPV-18 also mediate glucocorticoid and progesterone response. We identified sequence elements in the long control regions of HPV-11 and HPV-18 which function as GRE/PREs when tested as oligonucleotides. These findings suggest that GRE/PREs are an integral part of gene expression regulation in genital HPVs.
A User-centered Perspective of mHealth: Understanding Patients' Intentions to Use Mobile Video Consultation Services

Research has shown that the use of the mobile phone technology in combination with a web-based interface in health care could provide enormous benefits. In this work, we shed light on users’ acceptance of mHealth with the example of mobile video consultation with a doctor. Our quantitative study is based on a survey of 210 respondents. We draw on technology acceptance model, one of the most-used and often-cited concepts for explaining adoption behavior for newly introduced technologies and technical services. The results reveal that an interaction between personal innovativeness and perceived privacy risk has an effect on user’s perceived ease of use. The findings contribute to research by enhancing our understanding of mHealth adoption from a user’s acceptance perspective.
Doctors in society: medical professionalism in a changing world.

The decision made by the Royal College of Physicians to form a working party to define the ‘nature and role of medical professionalism in modern society’ was undoubtedly bold. Its report, Doctors in society: professionalism in a changing world,1 and evidence from which the conclusions were drawn2 are now published. The overwhelming opinion of the working party was that the recommendations must be viewed as the springboard for further work, not as an end in themselves. The issues identified are significant and must be further developed and shared with other health professions. The report was aimed primarily at doctors but it was anticipated that patients, policy makers, other health professionals and the media would all engage with the findings and contribute their views. A wide range of health professionals and stake holders in the NHS were invited to the conference. The quotations below that have no accompanying reference number are taken from speakers at the conference.
Assessments of jaw bone density at implant sites using 3D cone-beam computed tomography.

OBJECTIVE To assess the bone density of dental implant sites using CBCT and Simplant software, and establish a quantitative ranges for each bone quality classification according to the classification of bone quality proposed by Lekholm and Zarb. PATIENTS AND METHODS 128 patients' jaw bone were scanned by CBCT, the images were reconstructed by the Simplant software. The bone density of 236 potential implant sites was measured and the results were recorded using Hounsfield units (HU)．The data was analyzed with SPSS 19.0 software package for Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The anterior mandible mean bone density was (679.6 ± 141.67) HU > anterior maxilla, (460.25 ± 136.42) HU and posterior mandible, (394.4 ± 128.37) HU > posterior maxilla, (229.62 ± 144.48) HU. Quantitative parameters ranged of the bone density according to CBCT as follows: Lekholm and Zarb classification Type D4 was less than 200 HU, Type D2 and Type D3 were more than 200HU and less than 600 HU, and Type D1 was more than 600 HU. CONCLUSIONS Anterior mandible has the highest mean bone density and posterior maxilla has the lowest mean bone density．It is, therefore, proposed that an objective classification which confirms the importance of a site-specific bone tissue evaluation prior to implant installation.
- 1-Alcohol use among amateur sportsmen in Ireland

This peer-reviewed article was published immediately upon acceptance. It can be downloaded, printed and distributed freely for any purposes (see copyright notice below). Articles in BMC Research Notes are listed in PubMed and archived at PubMed Central. For information about publishing your research in BMC Research Notes or any BioMed Central journal, go to http://www.biomedcentral. com/info/instructions/ BMC Research Notes
The Relationship of Obesity to Increasing Health-Care Burden in the Setting of Orthopaedic Polytrauma.

BACKGROUND With the rise of obesity in the American population, there has been a proportionate increase of obesity in the trauma population. The purpose of this study was to use a computed tomography-based measurement of adiposity to determine if obesity is associated with an increased burden to the health-care system in patients with orthopaedic polytrauma. METHODS A prospective comprehensive trauma database at a level-I trauma center was utilized to identify 301 patients with polytrauma who had orthopaedic injuries and intensive care unit admission from 2006 to 2011. Routine thoracoabdominal computed tomographic scans allowed for measurement of the truncal adiposity volume. The truncal three-dimensional reconstruction body mass index was calculated from the computed tomography-based volumes based on a previously validated algorithm. A truncal three-dimensional reconstruction body mass index of <30 kg/m(2) denoted non-obese patients and ≥ 30 kg/m(2) denoted obese patients. The need for orthopaedic surgical procedure, in-hospital mortality, length of stay, hospital charges, and discharge disposition were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Of the 301 patients, 21.6% were classified as obese (truncal three-dimensional reconstruction body mass index of ≥ 30 kg/m(2)). Higher truncal three-dimensional reconstruction body mass index was associated with longer hospital length of stay (p = 0.02), more days spent in the intensive care unit (p = 0.03), more frequent discharge to a long-term care facility (p < 0.0002), higher rate of orthopaedic surgical intervention (p < 0.01), and increased total hospital charges (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Computed tomographic scans, routinely obtained at the time of admission, can be utilized to calculate truncal adiposity and to investigate the impact of obesity on patients with polytrauma. Obese patients were found to have higher total hospital charges, longer hospital stays, discharge to a continuing-care facility, and a higher rate of orthopaedic surgical intervention.
Operational Effectiveness of Guidelines on Complete Breast-Feeding Cessation to Reduce Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Results From a Prospective Observational Cohort Study at Routine Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Sites, South Africa

Objective:Until 2006, HIV-positive women who chose to exclusively breast-feed were advised to completely stop breast-feeding by 6 months. We investigated operational feasibility and predictors of complete breast-feeding cessation (CBC). Design:A prospective observational cohort study at 3 routine prevention of mother-to-child transmission sites, South Africa. Methods:Data on “complete breast-feeding cessation at 24 weeks” and “not breast-feeding (NBF) for 4 days before the last follow-up visit at or before 24 weeks” were gathered during home visits (3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks). The main subgroup of interest for this analysis was women practicing exclusive breast-feeding/predominant breast-feeding at 3 weeks. Univariate analyses, logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier Survival analysis, and Cox regression were performed. Results:Eighty-eight women (43.6%) reported CBC. “Health staff suggesting formula use” [ORa 4.39 (1.76-10.97)] and “infant hospitalization” [ORa 3.27 (1.37-7.79)] were the only significant predictors of CBC. The probability of NBF at 5, 7, 9, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks was 2.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8% to 3.8%], 4.3% (3.0% to 5.6%), 5.9% (4.4% to 7.4%), 9.8% (7.9% to 11.7%), 16.1 (13.8% to 18.4%), 23.1% (20.5% to 25.7%), and 37.6% (34.6% to 40.6%), respectively. Infant HIV status [hazard ratio 5.5 95% CI 2.4 to 12.5] was the only predictor of infant death. NBF was not protective against 9-month infant HIV or death in univariate and multivariable analyses. Conclusions:At programmatic level, CBC by 24 weeks is uncommon, and success seems unrelated to predetermined social, economic, and environmental (acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable, and safe AFASS) criteria. Thus at this level, activities that encourage CBC (amongst women meeting AFASS criteria) need to be identified and tested.
Maternal positions and mobility during first stage labour.

BACKGROUND It is more common for women in the developed world, and those in low-income countries giving birth in health facilities, to labour in bed. There is no evidence that this is associated with any advantage for women or babies, although it may be more convenient for staff. Observational studies have suggested that if women lie on their backs during labour this may have adverse effects on uterine contractions and impede progress in labour. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the review is to assess the effects of encouraging women to assume different upright positions (including walking, sitting, standing and kneeling) versus recumbent positions (supine, semi-recumbent and lateral) for women in the first stage of labour on length of labour, type of delivery and other important outcomes for mothers and babies. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (November 2008). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing women randomised to upright versus recumbent positions in the first stage of labour. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used methods described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions for carrying out data collection, assessing study quality and analysing results. A minimum of two review authors independently assessed each study. MAIN RESULTS The review includes 21 studies with a total of 3706 women. Overall, the first stage of labour was approximately one hour shorter for women randomised to upright as opposed to recumbent positions (MD -0.99, 95% CI -1.60 to -0.39). Women randomised to upright positions were less likely to have epidural analgesia (RR 0.83 95% CI 0.72 to 0.96). There were no differences between groups for other outcomes including length of the second stage of labour, mode of delivery, or other outcomes related to the wellbeing of mothers and babies. For women who had epidural analgesia there were no differences between those randomised to upright versus recumbent positions for any of the outcomes examined in the review. Little information on maternal satisfaction was collected, and none of the studies compared different upright or recumbent positions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that walking and upright positions in the first stage of labour reduce the length of labour and do not seem to be associated with increased intervention or negative effects on mothers' and babies' wellbeing. Women should be encouraged to take up whatever position they find most comfortable in the first stage of labour.
Cognitive development in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a controlled study in medication-naive adults across the adult life cycle.

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and psychometrically defined cognitive variables across the adult life span, using data from a large controlled study of adults with and without ADHD. METHOD Comparisons were made between 2 groups of adults: participants with DSM-IV-diagnosed ADHD who had never received pharmacotherapy for their ADHD (n = 116) and 146 control participants. Subjects received a battery assessing IQ, neuropsychological measures, and academic testing. We modeled cognitive measures as a function of age and group status using linear regression. The study was conducted at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, between 1998 and 2003. RESULTS ADHD and control subjects maintained similar, statistically significant differences in all psychometrically assessed measures of cognition within each decade that was represented (all P values < .01). CONCLUSION The negative impact of ADHD on multiple, nonoverlapping, psychometrically assessed measures of cognition remained constant across the life cycle, suggesting that the association between ADHD and cognition neither improves nor deteriorates across the life cycle.
Psychological needs and threat to safety: Implications for staff and patients in a psychiatric hospital for youth.

For psychiatric care workers and administrators, physical threat from behaviorally dysregulated patients is an important issue tied to many others, including workers’ job satisfaction, motivation, well-being, and attitude toward patients. Yet, the impact of threats to physical safety may be offset by factors in the clinical environment. The authors tested hypotheses derived from self-determination theory concerning the relations of workplace need satisfaction and perceived threat to motivation, attitudes, and well-being among clinical staff within an adolescent psychiatric inpatient hospital. Also tested were relations between need satisfaction and treatment motivation among adolescent patients. To improve the experience of psychiatric workers and their patients, clinical staff and their administrators must attend to the satisfaction of needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence.
Biomarkers in dementia with Lewy bodies: a review

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) shares common clinical, neuropsychological and pathological features with other dementia subtypes, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), making it difficult to differentiate in clinical practice. Despite the development of consensus diagnostic criteria, many cases are missed, and biomarkers to assist with diagnosis would represent important advances. Our aim was to review the literature to identify potential biomarkers that may distinguish DLB from other dementia subtypes, especially AD.
Feasibility of discharge planning in intensive care units: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND Although there is widespread acceptance that hospital discharge planning should begin at hospital admission, early discharge planning is usually delayed for clinically unstable patients in intensive care units. OBJECTIVE This pilot study explored the feasibility of beginning the hospital's discharge planning process within 24 hours of an admission to the intensive care unit. METHODS Medical records of 15 patients were used to create case summaries generated from information available within 24 hours of admission to the intensive care unit. Twelve unit staff members (registered nurses, clinical nurse specialists, social workers, and discharge planning nurses) predicted the presence and absence of patient self-care deficits at hospital discharge and rated their confidence in making predictions. RESULTS More than half (55%) of patient self-care deficits present at hospital discharge were identified within 24 hours of admission to the unit. Although confidence in predicting deficits increased significantly when more information was available closer to hospital discharge for clinical nurse specialists and staff nurses, confidence for discharge planning nurses and social workers was as high for decisions based on admission information as it was for decisions based on information available at hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS The results provide a preliminary indication that staff in intensive care units may contribute to the early identification of patients' postacute care needs. The results also help to identify methods to study the discharge planning process within intensive care units.
Prevalence of isolated uncontrolled systolic blood pressure among treated hypertensive patients in primary care in Belgium: results of the I-inSYST survey

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of isolated uncontrolled systolic blood pressure (on-treatment isolated systolic hypertension) in treated hypertensive patients and identify the characteristics and treatment strategy in these patients. Methods Prospective cross-sectional survey in primary care. Participating physicians enrolled more than 13 consecutive treated hypertensive patients. Patients were considered to have isolated systolic hypertension when systolic blood pressure was at least 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure was less than 90 mmHg. Results On-treatment isolated systolic hypertension occurred in 28% of evaluable patients (n = 11562) and in 36% of uncontrolled patients (n = 9080). Among the isolated systolic hypertension and among other uncontrolled patients, 53% and 47%, respectively, used more than one antihypertensive drug class. β-Blockers were the most frequently prescribed antihypertensive drugs. Patients with isolated uncontrolled systolic blood pressure were more frequently treated with diuretics (43 vs. 39%) and angiotensin II receptor antagonists (23 vs. 17%). Despite blood pressure being under control in only 21% of the patients, hypertension treatment was not changed in 46% of patients with isolated uncontrolled systolic blood presssure vs. 14% of patients with both uncontrolled systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion In Belgium, the prevalence of on-treatment isolated systolic hypertension in treated hypertensive patients, was 28%. The goal blood pressure was likely not reached in most patients due to inadequate treatment. The overall control rate was worse for systolic than for diastolic blood pressure. Furthermore, antihypertensive treatment was less frequently adapted in patients with isolated uncontrolled systolic blood pressure than in those patients with both uncontrolled systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Matematik Tarihinin Matematik Öğretiminde Kullanılması: Karekök Hesaplamada Babil Metodu

Matematik tarihi icerisinde ogrencilerin problem cozme becerilerini uyaracak bircok ilginc problemin bulundugu mukemmel bir kaynaktir. Bu calismada matematik dersinde matematik tarihinden secilen bir konunun sinif ortamina aktarilmasi amaclanmistir. Bu baglamda ilkogretim sekizinci sinif matematik ogretim programinda yer alan karekoklu sayilarin hesaplanmasinda farkli bir yaklasim olarak Babil metodu kullanilmistir. Calismada Babil metodu ve metodun neden ise yaradigi ayrintili sekilde incelenmis ve orneklerle aciklanmaya calisilmistir. Bunun yaninda metodun sinif ici kullanimina yonelik calisma yapraklari gelistirilmistir. Boylece ogrencilerin ders kitaplarinda yer alan rutin karekok alma kurallarindan farkli bir deneyim yasamalari saglanmistir. Bu durum ogrencilerin bir problemin cozumunde farkli cozum yollarinin olabilecegini gormelerini saglamaktadir. Ayrica bu yontem ogrencilerin ortaogretimde karsilasacaklari sonsuzluk ve limit kavramlari icin de bir temel hazirlamaktadir.
Vitamin D, Hypertension, and Ischemic Stroke in 116 655 Individuals From the General Population: A Genetic Study

Observational studies indicate that low concentrations of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are associated with high blood pressure, hypertension, and ischemic stroke. However, whether these associations are causal remain unknown. A total of 116 655 white individuals of Danish descent from the general population were genotyped for genetic variants in DHCR7 and CYP2R1 affecting plasma 25(OH)D concentrations; 35 517 had plasma 25(OH)D measurements. Primary outcomes were blood pressure, hypertension, and ischemic stroke. Median follow-up for incident ischemic stroke was 9.3 years (range, 1 day–33.6 years). DHCR7/CYP2R1 allele score was as expected associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration (F=328 and R2=1.0%). A genetically determined 10 nmol/L lower 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20–1.17) mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure and a 0.36 (95% CI, 0.08–0.63) mm Hg higher diastolic blood pressure with corresponding observational estimates of 0.58 (95% CI, 0.50–0.68) and 0.40 (95% CI, 0.35–0.45) mm Hg. The odds ratio for hypertension was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.97–1.08) for a genetically determined 10 nmol/L lower 25(OH)D with a corresponding observational odds ratio of 1.06 (95% CI, 1.05–1.07). The odds ratio for ischemic stroke was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.86–1.13) for a genetically determined 10 nmol/L decrease in 25(OH)D with a corresponding observational odds ratio of 1.03 (95% CI, 1.01–1.05). Genetic and observational low 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with higher blood pressure, as well as with hypertension consistent with causal relationships. Because observational but not genetic low 25(OH)D concentration was associated with ischemic stroke, and as the CIs overlapped, we can neither support nor exclude a causal relationship.
Term Premium Dynamics and the Taylor Rule

We explore the bond-pricing implications of an exchange economy where preference shocks result in time-varying term premiums in real yields with a Taylor rule determining inflation dynamics and nominal term premiums. We calibrate the model by matching the term structure of the means and volatilities of nominal yields. Unlike a model with exogenous inflation, a Taylor rule matching empirical properties of inflation leads to nominal term premiums that are volatile at long maturities. Increasing monetary policy aggressiveness decreases the level and volatility of nominal yields.