Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NONPARAMETRIC ESTIMATION OF ADDITIVE NONLINEAR ARX TIME SERIES: LOCAL LINEAR FITTING AND PROJECTIONS

We consider the estimation and identification of the components (endogenous and exogenous) of additive nonlinear ARX time series models. We employ a local polynomial fitting scheme coupled with projections. We establish the weak consistency (with rates) and the asymptotic normality of the projection estimates of the additive components. Expressions for the asymptotic bias and variance are given.
Year Paper Mixture Cure Survival Models with Dependent Censoring

A number of authors have studies the mixture survival model to analyze survival data with nonnegligible cure fractions. A key assumption made by these authors is the independence between the survival time and the censoring time. To our knowledge, no one has studies the mixture cure model in the presence of dependent censoring. To account for such dependence, we propose a more general cure model which allows for dependent censoring. In particular, we derive the cure models from the perspective of competing risks and model the dependence between the censoring time and the survival time using a class of Archimedean copula models. Within this framework, we consider the parameter estimation, the cure detection, and the two-sample comparison of latency distribution in the presence of dependent censoring when a proportion of patients is deemed cured. Large sample results using the martingale theory are obtained. We applied the proposed methodologies to the SEER prostate cancer data. Mixture Cure Survival Models with Dependent Censoring BY YI LI Department of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A. Ram C. Tiwari Statistical Research and Applications Branch National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A. Subharup Guha Department of Biostatistics Department of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A.
Transformational Leadership, Interactional Justice, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

We examined the mediating influence of interactional justice on relations between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Because the relational context in which supervisors and subordinates interact could influence the mediated effect of transformational leadership on OCB, we developed a first stage moderation model and examined supervisor–subordinate dissimilarities in race and gender as potential moderating variables. Analyses performed using 230 supervisor–subordinate dyads showed that racial dissimilarity moderated the mediated effect of transformational leadership on OCB transmitted through interactional justice. As hypothesized, the mediated effect of transformational leadership on OCB was stronger for subordinates who were racially dissimilar to their supervisors. Gender dissimilarity did not moderate the mediation model.
Gender effects on aggregate saving: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis

This study investigates the hypothesis that shifts in women’s relative income, which affects their bargaining power in the household, have discernible effects on aggregate saving due to differing saving propensities by gender. An analytical framework for pooled and non-pooled savings households is developed to examine why women and men’s saving propensities may differ and how a change in women’s wage earnings relative to men’s influences household savings. An empirical analysis is conducted using panel data for a set of 20 semi-industrialized economies, covering the period 1975-95. The results indicate that as some measures of women’s discretionary income and bargaining power increase, aggregate saving rates rise, implying a significant effect of gender on aggregate savings. These findings demonstrate the importance of understanding gender relations at the household level in planning for savings mobilization and in the formulation of financial and investment policies.
A THREE-DIMENSIONAL MAP OF MILKY WAY DUST

We present a three-dimensional map of interstellar dust reddening, covering three-quarters of the sky out to a distance of several kiloparsecs, based on Pan-STARRS 1 (PS1) and 2MASS photometry. The map reveals a wealth of detailed structure, from filaments to large cloud complexes. The map has a hybrid angular resolution, with most of the map at an angular resolution of 3 &farcm; 4 ? > – 13 &farcm; 7 ? > , and a maximum distance resolution of ∼ 25 % ? > . The three-dimensional distribution of dust is determined in a fully probabilistic framework, yielding the uncertainty in the reddening distribution along each line of sight, as well as stellar distances, reddenings, and classifications for 800 million stars detected by PS1. We demonstrate the consistency of our reddening estimates with those of two-dimensional emission-based maps of dust reddening. In particular, we find agreement with the Planck τ 353 GHz ? > -based reddening map to within 0.05 mag ? > in E ( B - V ) ? > to a depth of 0.5 mag ? > , and explore systematics at reddenings less than E ( B - V ) ≈ 0.08 mag ? > . We validate our per-star reddening estimates by comparison with reddening estimates for stars with both Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometry and Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration spectral classifications, finding per-star agreement to within 0.1 mag ? > out to a stellar E ( B - V ) ? > of 1 mag. We compare our map to two existing three-dimensional dust maps, by Marshall et al. and Lallement et al., demonstrating our finer angular resolution, and better distance resolution compared to the former within ∼ 3 kpc ? > . The map can be queried or downloaded at http://argonaut.skymaps. info. We expect the three-dimensional reddening map presented here to find a wide range of uses, among them correcting for reddening and extinction for objects embedded in the plane of the Galaxy, studies of Galactic structure, calibration of future emission-based dust maps, and determining distances to objects of known reddening.
The effect of active galactic nuclei feedback on the halo mass function

[Abridged. ] We investigate baryon effects on the halo mass function (HMF), with emphasis on the role played by AGN feedback. Halos are identified with both Friends-of-Friends (FoF) and Spherical Overdensity (SO) algorithms. We embed the standard SO algorithm into a memory-controlled frame program and present the {\bf P}ython spher{\bf I}c{\bf A}l {\bf O}verdensity code --- {\small PIAO}. For both FoF and SO halos, the effect of AGN feedback is that of suppressing the HMFs to a level even below that of Dark Matter simulations. The ratio between the HMFs in the AGN and in the DM simulations is $\sim 0.8$ at overdensity $\Delta_c=500$, a difference that increases at higher overdensity $\Delta_c=2500$, with no significant redshift and mass dependence. A decrease of the halo masses ratio with respect to the DM case induces the decrease of the HMF in the AGN simulation. The shallower inner density profiles of halos in the AGN simulation witnesses that mass reduction is induced by the sudden displacement of gas induced by thermal AGN feedback. We provide fitting functions to describe halo mass variations at different overdensities, which can recover the HMFs with a residual random scatter $\lt 5$ per cent for halo masses larger than $10^{13} ~h^{-1}{\rm M_\odot}$.
A Comparison of Multi-Stage and Linear Test Designs for Medium-Size Licensure and Certification Examinations

Many large-scale testing organizations currently use multi-stage testing (MST) for their examinations. The MST design implements the test in several stages, where one module is administered per stage. Successive stages in MST might vary in difficulty depending on the estimated ability level of the examinee. Although several studies have been conducted to compare the performance of MST to the traditional linear test design, all of the investigations known to date have incorporated simulation studies that capitalize on large sample size requirements in order to reduce the number of replicated datasets. As a result, although the statistics under investigation have been estimated with reasonable stability, these studies have been better suited to investigate the performance of MST for large-scale examinations as opposed to small- or medium-size examinations. The purpose of this research was to conduct a series of studies based on simulated datasets for medium-size medical certification examinations. The results confirmed that more accurate ability estimates and more accurate and consistent pass-fail decisions are obtained under the MST design compared to the traditional linear design for these examinations.
Biological Activities of Rice Allelochemicals Momilactone A and B

Momilactone A and B had been demonstrated to play critical roles in rice allelopathy by the findings of physiological and genetical approaches. Rice plants secrete momilactones into the rhizosphere over their entire life cycle at phytotoxic levels, and momilactones are able to account for the majority of the observed rice allelopathy. However, allelopathic activities of momilactones were determined on only a few test plant species. Therefore, this study was to determine the allelopathic activities of momilactones against nine test plant species including weed species, and four rice cultivars. Momilactone A and B inhibited Arabidopsis, alfalfa, lettuce, cress, timothy, barnyard grass, E. colonum, crabgrass and ryegrass at concentrations greater than 3 and 0.3 μM, respectively. The inhibition on those test plants was concentration dependent. On the other hand, effectiveness of momilactone A and B on rice cultivars, Koshihikari, Nipponbare, Norin 8 and Sasanishiki was very weak. Those rice cultivars were only inhibited by momilactone A and B at concentrations greater than 300 and 100 μM, respectively. Momilactone A and B may have potential as templates for the development of new plant control substances because of their selective inhibitory activities on weed plant species. More importantly, momilactone A and B as allelochemicals in rice may provide a molecular marker for breeding and/or engineering efforts directed at increasing allelopathic activity of this critical staple food crop.
Tuning Shape Parameter of Radial Basis Functions in Zooming Images using Genetic Algorithm

Image zooming is one of the current issues of image processing where maintaining the quality and structure of the zoomed image is important. To zoom an image, it is necessary that the extra pixels be placed in the data of the image. Adding the data to the image must be consistent with the texture in the image and not to create artificial blocks. In this study, the required pixels are estimated by using radial basis functions and calculating the shape parameter c with genetic algorithm. Then, all the estimated pixels are revised based on the sub-algorithm of edge correction. The proposed method is a non-linear method that preserves the edges and minimizes the blur and block artifacts of the zoomed image. The proposed method is evaluated on several images to calculate the optimum shape parameter of radial basis functions. Numerical results are presented by using PSNR and SSIM fidelity measures on different images and are compared to some other methods. The average PSNR of the original image and image zooming is 33.16 which shows that image zooming by factor 2 is similar to the original image, emphasizing that the proposed method has an efficient performance.
Chlamydospore Production, Inoculation Methods and Pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum M12-4A, a Biocontrol for Striga hermonthica

Fusarium oxysporum isolate M12-4A is currently being evaluated for the biological control of Striga hermonthica . Inoculum production, inoculum delivery to the target, chlamydospore germination, and weed growth suppression of this weed-pathogen system were investigated. Liquid fermentation systems using organic material were evaluated for the production of large numbers of chlamydospores. A 1% sorghum straw powder (< 1 mm) substrate, exposed to black light at 21°C for 21 days, yielded 3.23 X 10 8 colony forming units (CFU) l -1 medium. A two-stage fermentation system using 5% w/v straw substrate under black light at 30°C for 14 days yielded 3.5 X 10 8 CFU l -1 medium. In vitro variations in chlamydospore germination were governed by the presence of exogenous carbon, nitrogen, and sorghum root exudates. Ammonium-nitrogen compounds and urea, in combination with glucose had a stronger stimulatory effect on chlamydospore germ tube growth than did potassium nitrate. Maximal germ tube elongation occurred when chlamydospores were exposed to urea at a C/N ratio of 10. Some mineral solutions and sorghum root exudates inhibited chlamydospore germ tube elongation; however, arabic gum, a complex polysaccharide, stimulated chlamydospore germ tube elongation and the production of secondary chlamydospores. In field trials, chlamydospore powder harvested from small-scale fermenters reduced S. hermonthica emergence by 92%. Complete inhibition of S. hermonthica emergence occurred when the chlamydospore powder was added to the soil at sowing and when sorghum seeds coated with chlamydospores were sown. Effective biological control of S. hermonthica was achieved using a simple fermentation system with sorghum straw as the inoculum growth substrate. For inoculum delivery to the farmers' fields, sorghum seeds were coated with the inoculum using arabic gum as the adhesive. This simple delivery system permits a uniform inoculation of the field as well as the proper positioning of the inoculum in the immediate environment of sorghum roots, where S. hermonthica attaches to its host. To facilitate a broad usage of F. oxysporum M12-4A for the biocontrol of S. hermonthica , we propose an inoculum production strategy based on a cottage industry model that utilizes a liquid fermentation process and inexpensive locally-available substrates including sorghum straw and arabic gum.
Sexual harassment in Korean college classrooms: how self-construal and gender affect students' reporting behavior

This article examines the reasons why women students may hesitate to report sexual harassment. The research draws on the notion of ‘self-construal’. Self-construal is a form of self-identification in social relationships, which in this case relates, in particular, to gender within cultural environments in Korea. For the purposes of this research, a survey was conducted with 298 Korean college students from 7 to 14 March 2006. The results showed that different types of self-construal had different influences on Korean college students' and their reporting of sexual harassment, whereas gender did not. Grounded in the theoretical framework of self-construal, people with independent self-construal were found to express their uncomfortable feelings and to report to the university counseling center, whereas people with interdependent self-construal did not. Furthermore, we found that women were more likely than men to directly express their opinions and report sexual harassment to the university counseling center. Men are also harassed by women colleagues or students but are often more reluctant than women to recognize their experiences as ‘sexual harassment’ because of the stereotype that men are the perpetrators of this behavior, not its victims, and because they fear ‘loss of face. ’ It is necessary to engage not just with femininity but also with masculinity and the relationship between these constructs because they are both temporally and geographically contingent.
Clumped-Isotope Constraints On Cement Paragenesis In Septarian Concretions

Septarian concretions exhibit multiple generations of cements that include body, fringe, and spar phases. Classic paragenetic interpretations include initial precipitation of the body followed by fringe(s) and then by spar in more or less discrete events. Traditional approaches (e.g., carbon and oxygen isotope analyses) are generally unable to distinguish paragenetic trends as they relate to specific formation environments (e.g., precipitation during burial or with meteoric influx). Here we present carbonate clumped-isotope, δ13C (δ13Ccarb), and δ18O (δ18Ocarb) values for septarian concretions taken from four host units in order to assess cement paragenesis and overcome traditional shortcomings. Clumped-isotope and δ18Ofluid data exhibit a wide range of values, with carbonate precipitation temperatures between ∼ 20 and 50°C and δ18Ofluid compositions of ∼ −14 to +4‰ (VSMOW). In stable-isotope cross-plots, specific cement phases group together and confirm the paragenesis indicated by superposition. In some cases, samples analyzed from concretion bodies yield temperature and δ18Ofluid values that indicate formation at shallow depths, consistent with independent data (e.g., high minus-cement porosity, external laminae deflection). In contrast, other concretion-body analyses indicate relatively high body temperatures that conflict with shallow-formation indices. Petrographic and backscatter scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveal that concretion bodies partially consist of a secondary, replacement phase, which could explain the higher temperatures expressed in bulk body samples. Based on data for different phases in these septarian concretions, we suggest that initial body-cement precipitation occurred at relatively shallow depths from unmodified seawater, followed by fringe formation at elevated temperatures that likely coincided with the emplacement of the secondary body phase. When considered together, late-stage spar phases exhibit temperatures and δ18Ofluid values supportive of spar precipitation from fluids with a significant meteoric component, possibly during uplift.
Prediction and Evaluation of the Mixture Toxicity of Twelve Phenols and Ten Anilines to the Freshwater Photobacterium Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67

Twelve substituted phenols and ten substituted anilines were chosen to investigate if the dose addition and independent action models can be used to evaluate the mixture toxicity of phenolic and aniline derivatives (PADs). Their photobacterium toxicity to the freshwater luminescent bacterium Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. -Q67 showed that the two-parameter Weibull or Logit function could be effectively applied to describe the dose-response relationships. The joint toxicity of three equivalent-effect concentration ratio (EECR) mixtures and twelve uniform design concentration ratio (UDCR) mixtures could be well evaluated using the dose addition (DA) or the independent action (IA) model within 95% confidence intervals.
How many species are there in the subgenus Bursaphis (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae)? CO-I evidence

Species-level problems in the Aphis (Bursaphis) complex are reconsidered based on the partial sequences of the mitochon- drial cox1 gene together with morphological and ecological data. This indicates that the American species A. oenotherae is a com- plex of four species (A. oenotherae, A. holoenotherae, A. costalis and A. neomexicana) and the taxonomic status of the species couples A. varians - A. manitobensis and A. epilobii - A. grossulariae require further clarification. Aphis sp. (USA: California, Ore- gon) of Blackman & Eastop (2006, p. 415) deserves the status of a species provided there is information on its host association and life cycle. Partial cox1 sequences might be misleading when used as standard DNA barcodes of aphid species of the subgenus Bursa- phis.
Producción y calidad del fruto en Vitis vinifera L. Chardonnay afectados por la defoliación parcial en los altiplanos tropicales

Using a completely randomized design with two treatments (50% defoliation and a control without defoliation) and six replications per treatment, the fruit quality and production of grape plants subjected to early partial-defoliation in Villa de Leyva - Colombia were determined. Five-year-old Vitis vinifera L. 'Chardonnay' plants were used as the plant material, planted in a trellis system with distances of 2.1 x 1 m. The plants were partially defoliated biweekly, removing every other recently emerged leaf in each of the plants subjected to the defoliation treatment. 130 days after the start of the pruning, the number of harvested clusters was determined for each of the evaluated plants along with the number of berries per cluster, the fresh weight of the clusters, the average berry weight, the fruit pH and diameter, the total soluble solids (TSS), the total titratable acidity (TTA) and the fruit maturity index (MI). The average weights of the clusters and the berries were significantly higher in the plants subjected to a reduced foliar area. All of the fruit quality parameter values increased with defoliation with the exception of TTA, which was higher in the control plants. Therefore, it was concluded that partial-defoliation had a pronounced influence on the fruit quality and production of the 'Chardonnay' grapes.
University patenting: a comparison of 300 leading universities worldwide

Despite a worldwide increase in university patenting, empirical studies have largely focused on analyzing university patenting in individual countries and regions. We provide analyses from an international perspective, examining patents at the top 300 universities worldwide. By providing a patent ranking system and an analysis of the determinants of university patenting, we enable an international comparison not only between different countries but also between universities within countries. A ranking of the top-patenting universities shows a huge predominance of US universities: 18 of the top 25 universities are located in the US, with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology being ranked first. Our results show that the propensity to apply for patents is very high among US and Asian universities, while European universities lag behind. In addition to the home country, further determinants of university patenting are the quantity of the universities’ publications and a technological focus in areas such as chemistry and mechanical engineering. However, the size of a university and the quality of its publications are not found to be significant determinants.
Efficiency of use of chlorophyll meter and Cardy-ion meter in potato nitrogen nutrition

Chlorophyll contents and NO3-N concentration in vegetation depend on soil nitrogen availability and crop nitrogen uptake. Crop nitrogen uptake is important as nitrogen is needed for chlorophyll formation. Sap nitrate is more sensitive to changes in N application compared to total N and the leaf petiole sap accumulate nitrates more then other parts of plants. We use this method to reduce sampling time required for precisely determining fertilization and for prevention over fertilization. The objective of this study was to estimate leaf nitrogen and nitrates contents by SPAD meter and Cardy-ion meter and to link observations by comparing optical recording techniques at leaf with laboratory results of total nitrogen and fresh tuber yield. Thus, collected results will directly reflect the nutrient soil supply. Field data are from potato experiment in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2005, comprising three potato varieties: Liseta, Cleopatra and Adora, receiving similar nitrogen treatments (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg N ha− 1). In four field sampling periods (65, 75, 85 and 95 days after sowing) the SPAD readings were performed and correlated with total nitrogen contents and obtained fresh tuber yield at the end of season. Measurement by Cardy-ion meter are performed on leaf petiole sap and tuber sap of potato and compared with percentage of nitrogen in leaf and tuber. In experiment we found highly significant relationship between SPAD indexes as well and concentration of NO3-N mg-1 with laboratory results of total nitrogen and at the end of the season with tuber yield. Meter readings indicate a significant potato yield responses to N fertilization doses. This result clearly shows more accurate quantification of the nitrogen status of a potato crop by SPAD and Cardy-ion meter, which is important information in potato crop management.