Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Ba-Doped PbS Thin Films Prepared by the SILAR Method

In this material production research, undoped and Ba-doped nanostructured PbS lms are fabricated on glass surfaces by SILAR method. The structural, optical and morphological properties of the lms are examined via scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis spectrophotometry and X-ray di raction analysis. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that Ba-doping concentration in uences the size of the thin lm's nanoparticles. Xray di raction results showed that all of the thin lms are in a face centered cubic structure. Optical studies, in the room temperature, revealed that the optical band gap of the lms increases as Ba-doping concentration is increased. The intercept values on the energy axis in the range of 1.86 eV and 2.12 eV for 1% and 8% Ba-doped PbS lms respectively. As a result, it is concluded that the structural, optical and morphological properties of the fabricated thin lms are directly depend on the Ba doping ratio.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Bangladesh: A Cointegration Analysis

This paper investigates the long-run relationship between GDP and FDI in Bangladesh for a period of 42 years ranges from 1972 to 2013 by using time series econometric technique. The empirical results show that there is a significant positive correlation between GDP and FDI. The results also show that FDI and GDP are cointegrated in the long-run. For the supplement of the results of cointegration analysis, this study also examine the causal relationships by using Granger causality test and find strong evidence for unidirectional causality running between GDP through FDI in the long run. Keywords: FDI, GDP, Unit Root, Cointegration, Granger Causality
Running Title: Effect of aromatherapy massage on acute coronary syndrome

This study aimed to investigate the effect of aromatherapy massage on anxiety, depression and physiologic 57 parameters in older patients with acute coronary syndrome. This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 90 58 older women with acute coronary syndrome. The participants were randomly assigned into the intervention and 59 control groups (n=45). The intervention group received reflexology with lavender essential oil, but the control group 60 only received routine care. Physiologic parameters, the levels of anxiety and depression in the hospital were 61 evaluated using a checklist and the hospital’s anxiety and depression scale, respectively before and immediately 62 after the intervention. 63 Significant differences in the levels of anxiety and depression were reported between the groups after the 64 intervention. The analysis of physiological parameters revealed a statistically significant reduction (p< 0.05) in 65 systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate. However, no significant 66 difference was observed in the respiratory rate. Aromatherapy massage can be considered by clinical nurses an 67 efficient therapy for alleviating psychological and physiological responses among older women suffering from acute 68 coronary syndrome. 69 70 71 Summary statement 72 What is already known about the topic? 73 • Depression and anxiety in cardiac care units are often not managed adequately. 74 • Older adults with acute coronary syndrome may suffer from negative emotions more than other age groups. 75 What this paper adds? 76 • This study showed the positive effect of aromatherapy massage on alleviating anxiety and depression among older 77 women with acute coronary syndrome. 78 • Aromatherapy massage can be considered a complementary therapy and used along with routine interventions for 79 relieving psychological and physiological problems among older women hospitalized in cardiac care units. 80
Review of Fluorescence Suppression Techniques in Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract Raman spectroscopy is an important and powerful technique for analyzing the chemical composition of biological or nonbiological samples in many fields. A serious challenge frequently encountered in Raman measurements arises from the existence of the concurrent fluorescence background. The fluorescence intensity is normally several orders of magnitude larger than the Raman scattering signal, especially in biological samples. Such fluorescence background must be suppressed in order to obtain accurate Raman spectra. Several different techniques have been explored for this purpose. These techniques could be generally grouped into time-domain, frequency-domain, wavelength-domain, and computational methods in addition to various Raman enhancement techniques and other unconventional methods. This review briefly describes the fundamental principles of each group of methods, reports the most recent advances, and makes comparison across those major categories of techniques in terms of cost and performance in a hope to guide interested readers to select proper methods for specific applications.
Chromosome Damage in Lymphocytes of Stainless Steel Welders

Abstract Genotoxic effect of welding fumes generated by Manual Metal Arc (MMA), Metal Inert Gas (MIG) and Oxyacetylene welding on the lymphocytes of 75 welders, 25 from each group and equal number of healthy matched controls, was investigated by studying Mitotic Index (MI), Chromosome Aberrations (CAs), Sister Chromatid Exchanges (SCEs), and Satellite Associations (SAs) The MI showed significant increase in all the three groups (4.25 - 7.66, 4.35 - 7.63, 4.63 - 7.54). The background frequency for CAs was normal (0.88, 0.84, 0.92). It significantly increased in all the three groups (4.68, 3.84, 2.96). Among controls only chromatid gaps and breaks were observed, while chromosome type aberrations could not be seen. Among exposed samples both chromatid type viz. gaps, breaks and isochromatid exchanges and chromosome type aberrations viz. dicentrics, rings, acentric fragments, translocations, chromosome gaps, chromosome breaks and diplochromosomes were observed. The frequency of SCEs also increased (3.98 - 7.84, 4.16 - 4.72, 4.57 - 6.43). However, the increase was significant in group-1 and group-3 welders only. Synergistic effect of smoking and alcohol was noticed in both CAs and SCEs, the frequencies being the highest in smokeralcoholics and lowest in non smoker - non alcoholics. The CAs and SCEs also revealed correlation with the duration of exposure. The frequencies of SAs also depicted significant increase (4.8 - 13.8, 5.64 - 11.48, 5.56 - 9.28). The D-G type of associations outnumbered all other types. It is concluded that the welding fumes, containing chromium (Cr VI) and nickel, cause considerable chromosomal damage. The welders, in their occupational settings are prone to high genetic risk.
Assessing carbon dynamics in natural and perturbed boreal aquatic systems

Most natural freshwater lakes are net greenhouse gases (GHG) emitters. Compared to 25 natural systems, human perturbations such as watershed wood harvesting and long term reservoir 26 impoundment lead to profound alterations of biogeochemical processes involved in the aquatic 27 cycle of carbon (C). We exploited these anthropogenic alterations to describe the C dynamics in 28 five lakes and two reservoirs from the boreal forest through the analysis of dissolved carbon 29 dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), oxygen (O2), and organic carbon (DOC), as well as total nitrogen 30 (TN) and phosphorus (TP). Dissolved and particulate organic matter, forest soil/litter and 31 leachates, as well as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were analyzed for elemental and stable 32 isotopic compositions (atomic C:N ratios, δ13Corg, δ13Cinorg and δ15Ntot). We found links between 33 the export of terrestrial OM to these systems and the dissolved CO2 and O2 concentrations in the 34 water column, as well as CO2 fluxes to the atmosphere. All systems were GHG emitters, with 35 greater emissions measured for systems with larger inputs of terrestrial OM. The differences in 36 CO2 concentrations and fluxes appear controlled by bacterial activity in the water column and the 37 sediment. Although we clearly observed differences in the aquatic C cycle between natural and 38 perturbed systems, more work on a larger number of water bodies, and encompassing all four 39 seasons should be undertaken to better understand the controls, rates, as well as spatial and 40 temporal variability of GHG emissions, and to make quantitatively meaningful comparisons of 41 GHG emissions (and other key variables) from natural and perturbed systems.
Variation of wood and bark density and production in coppiced Eucalyptus globulus trees in a second rotation

Abstract: Coppiced Eucalyptus globulus trees with 18 years of age and in a second rotation were analysed in relation to wood and bark density in a spacing trial with five initial plant densities. A total of 25 stumps, with a variable number of stems per stump, from one to three, were analysed. A comparison was made to the previous first rotation single stem trees, also harvested at 18 years of age. The average wood basic density at breast height of the eucalypt coppiced trees was 567 kg m-3, with lower wood density for the closest spacings. The wood of coppiced Eucalyptus globulus trees was 2.5% less dense than that of the single stem trees in the first rotation (average 582 kg m-3). Within the tree, the wood density decreased from stump level to breast height level and then gradually increased until 11.3 m and then decreased slightly. The bark density was, on average, 473 kg m-3, ranging from 455 to 487 kg m-3. The mean bark density was comparable to the bark density in the first rotation. The average bark content was 17.4% of the stem volume, providing 25 to 52 ton ha-1. Compared to the first rotation, the average tree volume in the coppice was lower because the individual trees were smaller by 40 to 66%, while the estimated volume production per ha of the coppice was 1.1 to 1.8 times more due to the increased number of trees that were left in each stump.
Effects of sex, host-plant deprivation and presence of conspecific immatures on the cannibalistic behavior of wild Ascia monuste orseis (Godart) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae)

Effects of sex, host-plant deprivation and presence of conspecific immatures on the cannibalistic behavior of wild Ascia monuste orseis (Godart) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). The specialist cabbage caterpillar Ascia monuste orseis (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) feeds on plants of the Brassicaceae family, but may eventually ingest conspecific eggs and larvae during the larval stage. The present study examines feeding behavior of 4th and 5th instar cabbage caterpillars in relation to sex, host-plant deprivation and presence of conspecifics. We recorded number of egg ingested per larvae, developmental indices and duration of feeding, exploratory and resting behavior. Kale deprived caterpillars presented high rates of cannibalism, development delay and decreased fecundity. Cannibalism rates were not influenced by the sex of the larvae. In general, the presence of conspecific eggs did not interfere with the frequency and duration of the categorical behavioral events. We conclude that food availability is a strong factor influencing the extent to which A. monuste orseis caterpillars cannibalize.
Obstetric Doppler studies in prediction of perinatal outcome in intrauterine growth restriction

Background: Fetal surveillance of the pregnancies that are complicated by IUGR is essential to improve fetal outcome. Colour Doppler studies of uteroplacental and fetoplacental circulation are useful in identification of hypoxemic status of the fetus and allows timely intervention in at risk fetuses. The present study was aimed to know the significance of colour Doppler studies in intrauterine growth restriction cases and to correlate with the perinatal outcome thus to offer better strategies for early diagnosis of compromised fetus and timely intervention.Methods: This was a prospective study of 125 singleton pregnancies in the third trimester with IUGR. The results of last Doppler ultrasound within one week of delivery were used for analysis. Adverse perinatal outcome was studied in the form of emergency cesarean section for fetal distress, meconium stained amniotic fluid, Apgar at 5 min <7, NICU admission and perinatal mortality (stillbirths and neonatal death). Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and Diagnostic accuracy of various Doppler parameters were calculated after comparing with standard.Results: In the present study 63 patients had one or more adverse perinatal outcome parameter. The diagnostic accuracy of umbilical artery was more (71.20%) than other parameters in predicting adverse perinatal outcome. Middle cerebral artery RI was having highest specificity and positive predictive value of 100% than any other parameter in predicting adverse perinatal outcome. Patients with AEDF and REDF had 33.3% and 50% perinatal deaths respectively.Conclusions: Middle cerebral artery Doppler studies shown more specificity and positive predictive value than umbilical artery Doppler in prediction of adverse perinatal outcome.
The Effects of Script on Reading Development of Farsi and Arabic Bilinguals

Knowledge of orthographic depth, the degree of letter-sound consistency, is one of the important skills that must be acquired by beginning readers. Vowelized Arabic and Farsi scripts are consistent in terms of grapheme-phoneme mappings and beginning readers should find it easier to read regular and consistent words. However, vowels are removed from Farsi and Arabic texts read by more experienced learners, which make these script forms more challenging for readers. Sixty students who were learning to read Farsi or Arabic (age range of 7-14 years) were tested for reading ability as well as cognitive and phonological processing in two languages: Farsi or Arabic as the first language (L1) and English as the second language (L2). Since there has been no previous study on the effects of including or excluding vowels in Farsi orthography, the first aim was to investigate the performance of Farsi readers in vowelized and unvowelized tasks. It was found that Farsi-English bilinguals performed better on vowelized tasks in comparison to unvowelized tasks. This indicates that including vowels facilitates reading skills of these students. Unexpectedly, vowelization made no differences in reading skills of ArabicEnglish bilinguals in this study. It was also found that phonological awareness in the L1 was related to phonological awareness in the L2. Finally, phonological and morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge were strong predictors of word reading in L1 and L2. One practical implication of the present study would be to avoid the elimination of vowels from text for Farsi-English bilinguals.
Comparison of optical VCSEL models on the simulation of oxide-confined devices

We compare the results of different optical vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser models on the position-dependent effects of thin oxide apertures. Both scalar and vectorial models as well as hybrid models are considered. Physical quantities that are compared are resonance wavelength, threshold material gain, and modal stability. For large device diameters and low-order modes, the agreement between the different models is quite good. Larger differences occur when considering smaller devices and higher order modes. It is also observed that the spread in the resonance wavelengths is smaller than that for the threshold material gain.
The Generalized tanh-coth Method Applied to Biological Model Referent to Nano-solitons of Ionic Wave

Based on two previous reports related with soliton-solutions for two equations: the rst a biological model and the other a physic model, we consider the generalized tanh-coth method for obtain exact solutions for the rst in a more general form that those obtained in previous reports. Additionally, we solve a second nonlinear equation whose relevance consists on the fact that solutions of it can be used for obtain solutions of the rst and to other equation related with nano-ionic currents associated with transmission lines. Finally, some conclusion are given.
Effects of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Education on Economic Growth

Loening investigates the impact of human capital on economic growth in Guatemala during 1951-2002 using an error-correction methodology. The results show a better-educated labor force having a positive and significant impact on economic growth. Consistent with microeconomic studies for Guatemala, primary and secondary education are most important for productivity growth. These findings are robust while changing the conditioning set of the variables, controlling for data issues and endogeneity. Due to an environment of social and political conflict, however, total factor productivity has been slightly negative for the past decades, and there is evidence of a missing complementarily between the country's skills and its technology base. The author presents a growth-accounting framework which takes into account quality changes of physical capital, and differentiates by level of education. It shows that the human capital variables explain more than 50 percent of output growth. Of these, secondary schooling is the predominant determinant of growth.
Core Focus: Divesting and Long-Term Performance A Study on the Swedish Market 1996-2005

I have studied 41 Swedish firms that have divested some part of their operation between 1995 and 2005. To each divesting firm I have matched a non divesting firm based on size and market-to-book. For each pair I have calculated any abnormal or excess return for both operational performance and stock price performance to see if there are any general patterns. I find a statistically significant underperformance on operational profitability of divesting firms compared to non divesting firms for the two and three years following the divestment. These results show an opposite view to previous research. In contrast to my results on operational profitability, and in line with previous research, I find a statistically significant outperformance on the market-to-book ratio for divesting firms compared to non divesting firms three years following the divestment.
Adipose tissue as mesenchymal stem cells source in equine tendinitis treatment.

Tendinitis is an important high-relapse-rate disease, which compromises equine performance and may result in early athletic life end to affected animals. Many therapies have been set to treat equine tendinitis; however, just few result in improved relapse rates, quality of extracellular matrix (ECM) and increased biomechanical resistance of the treated tissue. Due to advances in the regenerative medicine, promising results were initially obtained through the implantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from the bone marrow in the equine tendon injury. Since then, many studies have been using MSCs from different sources for therapeutic means in equine. The adipose tissue has appeared as feasible MSC source. There are promising results involving equine tendinitis therapy using mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (AdMSCs).
Is the Asymptotic Speed of Convergence a Good Proxy for the Transitional Growth Path

This paper compares transitional dynamics in two alternative R&D non-scale growth models, one with endogenous human capital and the other without. We show that focusing only on the asymptotic speed of convergence to discriminate between the two models' performance can be misleading. Our analysis suggests that a careful study of the entire adjustment paths predicted by alternative growth models starting far away from the balanced-growth path is required in order to successfully discriminate among them. Copyright 2007 The Ohio State University.
Phytochrome A Protects Tomato Plants From Injuries Induced by Continuous Light

Plants perceive and transduce information about light quantity, quality, direction and photoperiod via several photoreceptors and use it to adjust their growth and development. A role for photoreceptors has been hypothesized in the injuries that tomato plants develop when exposed to continuous light as the light spectral distribution influences the injury severity. Up to now, however, only indirect clues suggested that phytochromes (PHY), red/far-red photoreceptors, are involved in the continuous-light-induced injuries in tomato. In this study, therefore, we exposed mutant and transgenic tomato plants lacking or over-expressing phytochromes to continuous light, with and without far-red light enrichment. The results show that PHYA over-expression confers complete tolerance to continuous light regardless the light spectrum. Under continuous light with low far-red content, PHYB1 and PHYB2 diminished and enhanced the injury, respectively, yet the effects were small. These results confirm that phytochrome signaling networks are involved in the induction of injury under continuous light. HIGHLIGHTS - PHYA over-expression confers tolerance to continuous light regardless the light spectrum. - In the absence of far-red light, PHYB1 slightly diminishes the continuous light-induced injury. - Continuous light down-regulates photosynthesis genes in sensitive tomato lines.
Area-Independent Effects of Water-Retaining Features on Intertidal Biodiversity on Eco-Engineered Seawalls in the Tropics

Over the last decade there has been a global effort to eco-engineer urban artificial shorelines with the aim of increasing their biodiversity and extending their conservation value. One of the most common and viable eco-engineering approaches on seawalls is to use enhancement features that increase habitat structural complexity, including concrete tiles moulded with complex designs and precast “flowerpots” that create artificial rock pools. Increases in species diversity in pits and pools due to microhabitat conditions (water retention, shade, protection from waves, and/or biotic refugia) are often reported, but these results can be confounded by differences in surface area sampled. In this study, we fabricated three tile types (n=10): covered tile (grooved tile with a cover to retain water), uncovered tile (same grooved tile but without a cover) and granite control. We tested the effect of these tile types on species richness (S), total individual abundance (N), and community composition. All tiles were installed at 0.5 m above chart datum along seawalls surrounding two island sites (Pulau Hantu and Kusu Island) south of Singapore mainland. The colonising assemblages were sampled after eight months. Consistent with previous studies, mean S was significantly greater on covered tiles compared to the uncovered and granite tiles. While it is implied in much of the eco-engineering literature that this pattern results from greater niche availability allotted by microhabitat conditions, we further investigated whether there was an underlying species-individual relationship to determine whether increases in S could have simply resulted from covered tiles supporting greater N (i.e. increasing the probability of detecting more species despite a constant area). The species-individual relationship was positive, suggesting that multiple mechanisms are at play, and that biodiversity enhancements may in some instances operate simply by increasing the abundance of individuals, even when microhabitat availability is unchanged. This finding underscores the importance of testing mechanism in eco-engineering studies and highlights ongoing mechanistic uncertainties that should be addressed to inform the design of more biodiverse seawalls and urban marine environments.