Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalized pattern matching conditions for Ck ≀ Sn

We derive several multivariable generating functions for a generalized pattern-matching condition on the wreath product of the cyclic group and the symmetric group . In particular, we derive the generating functions for the number of matches that occur in elements of for any pattern of length 2 by applying appropriate homomorphisms from the ring of symmetric functions over an infinite number of variables to simple symmetric function identities. This allows us to derive several natural analogues of the distribution of rises relative to the product order on elements of . Our research leads to connections to many known objects/structures yet to be explained combinatorially.
University of Southern Denmark Unnatural Origin of Fermion Masses for Technicolor

We explore the scenario in which the breaking of the electroweak symmetry is due to the simultaneous presence and interplay of a dynamical sector and an unnatural elementary Higgs. We introduce a low energy effective Lagrangian and constrain the various couplings via direct search limits and electroweak and flavor precision tests. We find that the model we study is a viable model of dynamical breaking of the electroweak symmetry. matti.antola@helsinki.fi matti.p.s.heikinheimo@jyu.fi sannino@cp3.sdu. dk kimmo.tuominen@jyu.fi On leave of absence from Department of physics, University of Jyväskylä ‖ Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics Phenomenology devoted to the understanding of the Origins of Mass in the universe
The Use of Accounting-Based Approximations of Tobin ’ s q in Marketing

Accounting-based approximations of Tobin’s q (AATQ) are increasingly popular in marketing. AATQ differ from Tobin’s original conception in that they use accounting data to assess the replacement cost of a firm’s assets; the core problem with this is that valuable assets go unrecorded in external reports, including systematic under-recording of market-based assets. This research examines the extensive erroneous claims made about AATQ in marketing studies. We note the widespread use of the metrics and demonstrate that the AATQ used in marketing (1) are not comparable across industries, (2) do not use only tangible assets in their denominator, and (3) should not find equilibrium at 1. AATQ are often described as performance metrics and can respond appropriately to certain types of positive performance. Unfortunately, they also respond positively to performance-neutral strategic choices. Furthermore, whenever AATQ exceed 1, as is typical, they increase even with completely wasted investments. We note that AATQ are especially problematic measures of performance for marketers because they are biased towards reporting that investments in market-based assets (e.g., brand equity and customer satisfaction) are effective. The misuse of AATQ we document suggests the need for marketing scholars to pay greater attention to the theoretical underpinnings of their metrics.
Automated Classification and Prioritization of Data Races

Multithreaded software is full of data races. State of the art data race detectors tend to report a large number of races that are mostly harmless. Therefore, it is difficult to choose to fix races that actually matter. Moreover, one cannot eliminate all data races, as this would hurt system performance. Developers are faced with the need to prioritize such race reports in order to address them in decreasing order of impact. In this writeup, we first review a bug classification and prioritization system and then explore two papers that attempt to classify data races according to their impact. Inspired from these papers, we propose a novel approach to data race classification. Our preliminary results, obtained with our prototype, PORTEND , are promising. PORTEND manages to accurately classify a few dozen races without human intervention, in reasonably short time.
The level and growth effects in the empirics of economic growth

Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992) have extended the Solow (1956) model by augmenting the production function with human capital. Its empirical success is impressive and it showed a procedure to improve the explanatory power of the neoclassical growth model. This paper suggests an empirical procedure to further extend the neoclassical growth model to distinguish between the growth and level effects of shift variables like the human capital. We use time series data from Guatemala to show that while the growth effects of education are small, they are significant and dominate the level effects. JEL Classification: N1, O1, O4. 1 We thank Joseph Leoning of the World Bank for his encouragement and help with the data appendix. He should have been a co-author but for his other Commitments. We also thank Rup Singh of the University of the South Pacific for his comments and help for preparing the tables. However, we alone are responsible for any errors that may remain.
Measurement Error in Dependent Variables

This paper illustrates how measurement error or noise in dependent variables can bias inferences. Specifically, we show that noise in dependent variables does not only reduce power but, under common conditions in accounting studies, leads to biased coefficients and erroneous inferences even when the noise is uncorrelated with the explanatory variables. The bias exists because noise in accounting measures is typically nonadditive, which violates the simple assumptions discussed in most econometrics texts. Using investor-related Google ticker searches as a case study, our analyses find that 69% of all ticker searches are noise and that this nonadditive noise drives nontrivial biases and premature conclusions when using ticker searches to examine investor attention. Our findings indicate that researchers should carefully consider the extent and form of noise in dependent variables, and how such noise may bias inferences.
An end-to-end deep learning approach for simultaneous background modeling and subtraction

Background subtraction is an active research topic due to its great utility on many video analysis applications. In this work, a new approach for background subtraction employing an end-to-end deep learning architecture is proposed. The proposed architecture consists in two nested networks that are trained together. The ﬁrst one extracts the background model features of the scene from a small group of frames. The second performs the subtraction operation given the previous features and a target frame. In contrast to most of the recent deep learning proposals, our trained model can be used on any scene without the need of being retrained. The method has been trained and evaluated using the public CDnet2014 database following a scene-wise cross-validation approach. The obtained results show a competitive performance of the proposed method on background subtraction, proving its ability to extrapolate to unseen scenes.
Cash Transfers and Teen Education : Evidence from South Africa

This paper presents both parametric and nonparametric evidence on the effects of the expansion of the South African Child Support Grant on the educational outcomes of older teenagers. Using the National Income Dynamics Survey, we find that beneficiaries of the unconditional grant have enrolment rates at least ten percent higher than non-beneficiaries, and these effects are higher in certain sub-samples. The non-parametric evidence presented shows that duration of receipt is also an important predictor of enrolment. However grant receipt (present or past) has no impact on actual attainment of years of education. We make use of the exogenous nature of the grant roll-out to identify these effects, and present a number of robustness checks.
Short-term evaluation of mini-implant retained removable partial denture

Objective: Mini-implants have been used for various purposes and the survival rate was not different from regular implants when they were used as a single tooth replacement. An analysis of mini-implant retained removable partial dentures (RPD) was never reported. The purposes of the present study were to evaluate mini-implant (2.8-mm-diameter) retained RPD in the short period and to compare patient satisfaction before and after treatment.
Neural code summarization : Experiments in Python and Bash

Code summarization, the task of generating natural language descriptions from code, has clear applications in domains such as code search, automated documentation, and programming learning environments. Despite these potential applications, academic research has placed more emphasis on the related, but reverse task of program synthesis from natural language. Given the success of neural machine translation applied to natural languages and the increase of large-scale, publicly available datasets of source code and natural language documentation, recent work has examined code summarization using end-to-end neural architectures. In this work we build on these recent advances, exploring neural code summarization in two novel domains: Bash scripting and Python programs. We cast the problem in terms of neural machine translation, comparing several sequence to sequence architectures. We find that character-level modeling appears particular important in this domain and describe the challenges that make code summarization distinct from vanilla machine translation with natural languages.
Organizational change and the dynamics of innovation: Formal R&D structure and intrafirm inventor networks

Prior research has argued, and found evidence, that firms with centralized R&D organization structures produce broader-impact innovations than firms with more decentralized R&D structures. The organizational mechanisms underlying this relationship, however, are underexplored. A better understanding of these mechanisms is needed in order understand whether and how formal R&D structure can be used as a lever to influence research outcomes in the firm. To address these questions, we study the relationship between formal R&D structure, internal inventor networks, and innovative behavior and outcomes. We find that centralization of R&D budget authority increases the connectedness of internal inventor networks, which in turn increases the breadth of impact of innovations and the breadth of technological search. Our results suggest that changes in structure impact innovation outcomes through changes in inventor networks, with a lag reflecting organizational inertia.
Introspective Symmetries

The practical uniﬁcation of context-free grammar and von Neumann machines has enabled telephony, and current trends suggest that the investigation of write-ahead logging will soon emerge. Here, we conﬁrm the understanding of context-free grammar, which embodies the essential principles of software engineering [13]. In order to surmount this obstacle, we use distributed methodologies to demonstrate that IPv4 can be made permutable, ambimorphic, and ran-dom.
Genetic variation in disease traits and their relationships with survival in Danish dairy cattle

Data from the Danish health recording system on clinical mastitis, feet and leg diseases, metabolic diseases, reproductive dieseases and stayability has been analysed for Danish Holsteins, Red Danish and Danish Jerseys. Traits analysed were the incidence of the four diseases in the period 10 to 100 days from calving in 1st lactation. Records on 128,842 Danish Holstein cows initiating a 1st lactation in the period 1990-1995 were included in the analysis. The diseases were analysed as separate traits in multivariate analysis. The incidence in the period 10 to 100 days from calving in 1st lactation for clinical mastitis, feet and leg, metabolic and reproductive diseases were 26.3%, 6.2%, 6.2% and 11.1%, respectively. Stayability was defined as the incidence of cows that completed a 305-day record in 2nd lactation. (Co)variance components were estimated using a bivariate REML method with a linear sire model even though all traits analysed were observed on a binary scale. Estimates for heritabilities on the observed scale for clinical mastitis, feet and leg, metabolic and reproduction diseases were 0.05, 0.01, 0.01 and 0.02, respectively. The genetic correlations between disease and survival through 2nd lactation were 0.52, 0.43, 0.17 and 0.18 for clinical mastitis, feet and leg, metabolic and reproduction diseases. Further analyses will be carried out to develop an index for other diseases than Clinical mastitis based on health recordings in the first 3 lactations.
Sexual Dysfunction in Men with Systolic Heart Failure and Associated Factors

Aims: Heart failure is a major risk factor for erectile dysfunction. This study seeks to investigate the incidence and factors associated with erectile dysfunction in patients with systolic heart failure. Methods: This is a cross sectional study that was conducted on 100 male patients with systolic heart failure in 2009. Convenience sampling was used to gather the required data. Data collection instruments included a demographic data form, IIEF-5 (The International Index of Erectile Function, a 5-item version), MLHFQ (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure), and CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). The data was analyzed by SPSS software and using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. Findings: The findings indicated that the mean score of erectile dysfunction was 14.02±6.26 and 80% of male patients with systolic heart failure suffered from erectile dysfunction. There was a significant relationship between erectile dysfunction and age (p<0.001), education (p=0.019), occupation (p=0.002), hemoglobin level (p=0.003), left ventricular ejection fraction (p=0.030), cholesterol level (p=0.001), renal dysfunction (p=0.009), use of digoxin (p=0.014), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (P<0.001), beta blocker (p=0.001), diuretics (p=0.035), depression (p<0.001), and quality of life (p<0.001). Conclusion: Erectile dysfunction is the most common problem in patients with systolic heart failure and is associated with age, medical conditions, co-morbidity, medicinal treatments and psychological disorders. In patients with heart failure, erectile dysfunction has a negative impact on quality of life.
Occurrence of Diplostomum Spp . in the Eye of Farm Raised African Catfish ( Clarias Gariepinus ) in Oyo State

Diplostomum species are the parasites responsible for diplostomiasis in fish which may cause ocular diseases such as blindness, eyefluke, severe ocular disease and opacity of the lens. The parasites use many organisms including fish as host. African catfish is one of the widely distributed fish species in tropical Africa and has become one of the most important culturable fish species in Africa especially in Nigeria. This study examined the occurrence of Diplostomum species in farm raised African catfish in Oyo state. The study was carried out in Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of 216 eye samples were collected from 108 fishes in 36 farms. The eye lens and vitreous were examined for the presence of Diplostomum species. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis to the relationship between the eye size and parasite occurrence. The result shows that 16.20% of the samples had Diplostomum species. Males had higher occurrence (23.53%) than the females (9.65%). A positive correlation (R2 = 0.125) between eye diameter and occurrence of the parasites was observed. The study revealed that Diplostomum species was present at a low incidence in African catfish raised in Oyo state and there was positive relationship between the eye diameter and occurrence of the parasite.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF THE HOCHEBENKAR ROCK GLACIERS ( OETZTAL ALPS , AUSTRIA ) BY MEANS OF DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRIC METHODS

The spatio-temporal variations of the surface of a rock glacier, i.e. the change of elevation and the threedimensional directional deformation, can be determined using various quantitative measurement methods, i.e., geodetic survey, satellite-based positioning with GPS/GLONASS, photogrammetry, radar interferometry, and also laser scanning. In this paper we introduce a new concept of mapping and monitoring of rock glaciers by means of digital (softcopy) photogrammetry. Digital photogrammetry is based on digital image data and computer processing. Image matching, i.e. digital point transfer, is used as a powerful tool for automatic measurement of homologous, i.e. conjugate, points in the digital data sets. This technique enables a semi-automatic or even automatic triangulation of digital photographs, the automatic computation of digital terrain models, and subsequently, the automatic measurement of a dense field of three-dimensional flow vectors based on multi-year image data, in particular. Various aspects of the proposed processing chain are discussed in detail. The present concept has been implemented in a software package called ADVM (Automatic Displacement Vector Measurement), which is written in Visual C++ for running on a Windows-based personal computer. A case study has been carried out in the Oetztal Alps, Austria, in order to demonstrate the applicability of the concept. Aerial photographs (1953, 1969, 1971, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1990, and 1997) covering two adjacent rock glaciers, i.e. the Outer and the Inner Hochebenkar rock glacier, were acquired from the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying. The various steps of the evaluation process, i.e., scanning of the analogue photographs, photogrammetric orientation, orthophoto production, computation of digital terrain models, and the determination of three-dimensional flow vectors, are described. Examples of the results obtained are presented numerically and graphically. For the first time it has been possible to reveal the dynamic behaviour of the Hochebenkar rock glaciers with high spatial resolution and with full coverage of the area of interest. The ease of the proposed method was confirmed, and moreover, the overall accuracy is high and the processing time of the given multiyear data set is promisingly low. The paper concludes with recommendations for further developments and improvements.
A report of 12 sporadic cases of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever from Pakistan

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus was discovered in Pakistan in the 1960s while the first case of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever from Pakistan was recorded in 1976. Since then, the country has witnessed at least thirteen outbreaks of this infection. We have presented the demographic, clinical, hematological and management profile of 12 sporadic cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever that were encountered at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan between January, 2001 and October, 2009. All of the patients were male. The mean age of the patients was 31 ± 13.1 years. Six of the 12 patients (50%) were residents of Karachi while 4 patients (33.3%) were from Balochistan province of Pakistan. The diagnosis was confirmed from serum samples of patients using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. The mean duration of symptoms before admission was 5.3 ± 2.6 days. The most common presenting complaint was fever (100%). Mean values of the different hematological parameters at admission were: platelets (40.5 ± 29.8 x 10/l), white blood cell count (6.2 ± 3.7 x 10/l), hemoglobin (11.1 ± 3.3 g/dl), prothrombin time (16 ± 4.1 seconds) and international normalized ratio (1.4 ± 0.35). The mean duration of stay in the hospital was 5.9 ± 3.2 days. Oral ribavirin was administered to 9 out of 12 patients (75%). Four of the 12 patients (33.3%) expired in this series. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever still remains a fatal and endemic infection in Pakistan that requires concerted efforts from the healthcare community for its eradication. It is important to improve the health practices and health seeking behaviors of the public through educational campaigns.
Ekwesianya AC Congenital anomalies : Prospective study of pattern and associated risk factors in infants presenting to a tertiary hospital in Anambra State , South-east Nigeria

Background: Contemporary understanding of the pattern of congenital anomalies is both important in its clinical management as well as in improving the overall health of the community. Methodology: All infants presenting from January to December 2102 at the centre were prospectively studied. Results: A total of 5010 infants were screened, of which 108 have congenital anomalies giving a prevalence of 2.2%. Major anomalies were noted in 101 (93.5%) infants. Only two (1.9%) were preterm. Consanguineous relationship was observed in 2 (1.9%) cases. Pre natal Ultrasound scan was done in 33(30.8%), but in only 7 (6.5%) was any anomaly detected Onitsha, a densely populated urban area contributed 45(42%) of the cases. Only 7(6.5%) of the mothers took herbal prescriptions in the first trimester of pregnancy. Risk of anomaly progressively rises, reaching a peak of 48% in the maternal age group of 26-30 years and drops steadily after. Gastrointestinal tract anomalies were most common (no. =28, 25.9%). Residences close to dump sites, telecom masts/base stations, electricity cables, industries and heavy motorised highways contributed to risk factors in 9-12 % of cases. Conclusion: More of younger mothers were affected with gastro intestinal malformations predominating. The location of home environment is a potential risk factor that will require further characterisation.
Neosporosis in animals — The last five years

Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of animals. Until 1988, it was misdiagnosed as Toxoplasma gondii. Since its first recognition in 1984 in dogs and the description of a new genus and species Neospora caninum in 1988, neosporosis has emerged as a serious disease of cattle and dogs worldwide. Abortions and neonatal mortality are a major problem in livestock operations and neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle. This review is focused on current status of neosporosis in animals based on papers published in the last five years. Worldwide seroprevalences are tabulated. Strategies for control and prevention
A Systematic Evaluation of Online Resources for Dementia Caregivers

Health care consumers are increasingly turning to the Internet for information, advice, and support. For dementia caregivers, the Internet is a convenient source of answers to their many questions and needs. Uncertainty remains, however, as to which Internet sites caregivers should rely upon. In this study, 16 of the most frequently listed Internet sites for dementia caregivers were systematically evaluated using an evaluation tool specific to dementia caregiving. A ranked list was generated based upon the content, quality, and usability of each site. Practical implications are discussed in terms of how dementia caregivers might use the Internet more effectively and how Internet providers might better serve dementia caregivers.
Rapid # :-9661184 CROSS

Social signals are integral to conversational interaction and constitute a large part of the social dynamics of multiparty communication. Moreover, social signals may also have a function in discourse structure. We focus on laughter, exploring the extent to which laughter can be shown to signal the structural unfolding of conversation and whether laughter may be used in the signaling of topic changes. Recent research supports this hypothesis. We investigate the relation between laughter and topic changes from two different points of view (temporal distribution and content distribution) as visible in the TableTalk corpus and also in the AMI corpus. Consistent results emerge from studies of these two corpora. Laughter is less likely very soon after a topic change than it is before a topic change. In both studies, we find solo laughter significantly more frequent in times of topic transition than in times of topic continuity. This contradicts previous research about the social dynamics of shared versus solo laughter considering solo laughs as signals of topic continuation. We conclude that laughter has quantifiable discourse functionality concomitant with social signaling capacity. 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.