Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lead in surface sediments of the Straits of Malacca

The chemical fractionation of lead (Pb) was determined in surface sediments collected during two cruises in the Straits of Malacca. Total Pb (not included the terrigenous silicate) concentrations in the sediments range from 8.2 to 28.5 μg/g. Nonresistant fractions [easily or freely leachable and exchangeable (EFLE), acid-reducible and oxidisable-organic] contribute 74% (December 1998) and 71% (April 1999) of the total Pb concentration of the sediments. Among the nonresistant fractions, the oxidisable-organic fraction contributes 75-80%. This may indicate that although the total Pb concentrations in the sediments are relatively low in comparison with other regional data and established sediment quality guidelines, the chemical fractionation shows that most (about 70%) of the total Pb found in the sediment could be mostly related to anthropogenic sources although further validation is required.
Possible use of struvite as an alternative phosphate fertilizer

Struvite, from human urine, is an alternative phosphorus (P) fertilizer. This study evaluated P release from struvite and its effectiveness for maize in Inanda (Ia), Sepane (Se) and Cartref (Cf) soils. Phosphorus sorption isotherms were determined, an incubation study determined the release pattern of P from struvite, and a pot trial compared struvite with single superphosphate (SSP) on maize P uptake. The amount of P at equilibrium (where Q = 0) in the Cf was 1.39 mg L-1, followed by Ia and Se with values of 0.17 and 0.13 mg L-1, respectively. Buffer coefficients were in the order Ia > Se > Cf with values of 454, 71 and 50 mg kg-1/mg L-1, respectively. The extractable P in all three soils increased with time, with evidence of declining P release after Day 8. Struvite was most effective as a P source in the Cf followed by Se and Ia. Compared to SSP, there was significant improvement in maize grown on the Cf, while the reverse occurred in the Se. Maize grown in the Ia did not respond to either struvite or SSP. It was concluded that the phosphorus sorption was the main limiting factor that governed struvite effectiveness as a P source.
Transient changes in blood‐brain barrier integrity, thermotolerance, and heat shock protein expression following brief hyperthermia in an in vitro model

Hyperthermia has potential as a means of opening the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) to enhance delivery of pharmaceuticals into the brain. An in vitro BBB model of porcine brain capillary endothelial cells was exposed to brief hyperthermia and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured to assess BBB integrity. Hyperthermia for 10 s at 45, 48, and 51°C, and for 5 s at 54°C caused significant (P<0.0001) loss in BBB integrity compared to controls (10 s at 37°C). The relative loss of BBB integrity increased as the treatment temperature increased (r = 0.88, P<0.0001). All BBB models recovered their integrity (TEER) within 30 min. Thermotolerance was examined by applying a second hyperthermia (10 s at 51°C) 24 h afterward. All BBB models demonstrated thermotolerance by a significantly (P<0.001) less loss of BBB integrity. The degree of thermotolerance increased as the pre‐conditioning temperature increased (r = 0.42, P<0.0001). Heat shock protein (Hsp) 27 and Hsp70 were measured by Western blot analysis to test their role in this thermotolerance. The relative quantity of Hsp27 was not changed (P>0.10) by any of the heat treatments. Hsp70 increased (P<0.05) only after pre‐conditioning for 5 s at 54°C. In summary, heat treatment opened the BBB and induced thermotolerance to a subsequent heat treatment. However this thermotolerance cannot be completely explained by relative changes in Hsp27 and Hsp70 abundance.
Effect of different processing techniques on Indonesian Roselle (Hibiscus radiates) seed constituents

Background. Roselle seeds are waste that is left behind during processing of roselle for juices or other roselle related products. Disposing of waste is highly undesirable both economically and environmentally. Roselle seeds contain high amount of protein, crude fi bers, fats, and carbohydrates. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different processing techniques (roasting using oven/microwave, and boiling) on In- donesian roselle (Hibiscus radiates) seed constituents. Methods. Three treatments were carried out to prepare the samples: The seeds were roasted at 130 and 150°C for 30 min (HOR), microwave roasting for 10, 20 and 30 min HMR10, HMR20, HMR30 of roselle seeds. Hibiscus seeds (3×200 g) were put into boiling tap water (100°C) (HB) in a 500 ml beaker on magnetic stirred hot plate at a ratio of 1:4 seed: water for 40 min until the pieces were well cooked and tender. Proximate chemical analysis was determined following the standard methods of the Association of Offi cial Analytical Chemists. Hibiscus different samples were analysed in triplicate and the results were reported as means. Total carbohydrate content was calculated from the difference. The fatty acids of the oil samples were analysed using gas chromatography (Shimadzu, GC-2010A series, Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a fl ame ionization detector and a BPX70 capillary column of 30 m × 0.32 mm i.d. (SGE, Melbourne, Australia). The tocopherol content of the oil samples was measured by HPLC (Cecil Instruments Ltd., Cambridge, England). Results. Proximate composition of untreated, roasted and boiled hibiscus seeds showed that, roasting and boiling temperatures can increase fat and fi ber content, microwave and boiling showed higher fat content when compared with oven roasting treatment. Protein content of HU was signifi cantly lower (p HMR > HOR. Protein content of HB, HMR and HOR increased signifi cantly as com- pared with HU. The carbohydrate values of Indonesian Rossele treated seeds were signifi cantly (p < 0.05) different from each other. The main fatty acids in all samples were palmitic and linolenic. These fatty acids did not change with roasting and boiling temperatures. Tocopherol concentration decreased during process- ing techniques as a result of heating temperature.
Aggressive variant large granular lymphocytic leukaemia: a case report

Clonal disorders of LGL may either be CD3+ CD56- or CD3- CD56+ phenotype and these have been designated as T-cell leukaemia (T-LGL) or natural killer cell (NK)-LGL leukaemia respectively. Clonality is usually demonstrated by clonal rearrangement of T-cell receptor gene rearrangement or identified by flowcytometry analysis. Most patients with T-LGL will have an indolent course. In this report we described an aggressiveness of disease in a patient with clonal CD3+ LGL leukaemia whose cells also co-expressed CD56 diagnosed by flowcytometry. The patient responded well to interrupt all standard risk protocol however succumbed to her disease while waiting for upfront stem cell transplant. This case highlights on both the classical laboratory findings of rare entity of disease as well as a review of the literature pertaining particularly on its management.
Dysregulation of the high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) gene in human tumours

BACKGROUND: High-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) protein acts as an oncofoetal transcriptional regulator. In mesenchymal tissues, its expression can be induced by a variety of growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF1) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) as well as by foetal bovine serum (FBS), thus enhancing proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To examine these effects in epithelial malignancies, we used the PC-3 prostate cancer cell line for assaying proliferation and HMGA2 expression in response to incubation with growth factors and FBS. The HMGA2 locus was investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) for loss, amplification or re-arrangement. RESULTS: PC-3 is a cell line that moderately overexpresses HMGA2. None of the growth factors nor FBS caused significantly increased expression of HMGA2. In contrast, a significantly augmented proliferation rate was observed when applying FGF1 or PDGF-BB for 12 h. CONCLUSION: HMGA2 is expressed independently of external stimuli, whereas proliferation stimulated by growth factors is independent of further elevated HMGA2 expression.
A Bovine Collagen Type I-Based Biodegradable Matrix as a Carrier for Tissue-Engineered Urothelium

Engineering of lower urinary tract tissue suitable for reconstructive surgery requires biomaterials as cell carriers, particularly in patients for whom autologous grafts are not available. Matrices should support growth, improve mechanical stability, feature excellent biocompatibility, and fully degrade without signs of scarring at the implantation side. In this study, a new bovine collagen type I-based biodegradable non-cross linked matrix was investigated for its suitability as a carrier for porcine and human urothelial cells in vitro. Initial cell adherence, metabolic activity, and proliferation behaviour of cells isolated from tissue biopsies were analyzed. Constructs were characterized immunohistologically in comparison with matrix-free cell sheets established on plastic surface (=controls). Even for high-density seeding, adherence on collagen cell carrier (CCC) was excellent. Metabolic activity and proliferation of stratifying porcine and human urothelial cells cultured on CCC were comparable to that of controls. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed epithelial phenotype, cell-cell junction formation and ongoing differentiation of the multilayered urothelium on CCC. This study proved CCC as a suitable carrier for urothelial cells for the future aim for urethral reconstruction.
Assessment of genetic diversity in Indian ash gourd (Benincasa hispida) accessions using RAPD markers

Thirty four (9 cultivars and 25 germplasm) genotypes of ash gourd (Benincasa hispida) have been studied to assess the molecular diversity using RAPD markers. A total of 25 RAPD markers produced 163 amplicons, of which 73 % were found polymorphic indicating a high degree of diversity. RAPD based dendrogram showed dissimilarity values from 0.64 to 0.943 also suggesting that the accessions represent a genetically diverse population. The accession IVAG-223 was clearly separated from rest of the accessions based on the RAPD primers. The dendogram revealed that the accessions from northeastern regions of India are different from the accessions of other parts of India, as they cluster together. On the basis of clustering, it was indicated that cultivars had a narrower genetic diversity among themselves as compare to germplasm collected from different agro-ecological region. INTRODUCTION Indian subcontinent had rich diversity of cucurbits and is believed to be the primary and secondary centers of origin of several gourds and melons (Choudhary 1996). Ash gourd (Benincasa hispida; syn. white gourd, wax gourd, white pumpkin) is an important vegetable mainly valued for its long storage life and having a good scope for value addition. The fruits are consumed as baked, fried, boiled, pickled or candied/preserved (Robinson and Decker-Walters 1999). World famous confectionery known as Petha is prepared using ripe flesh in sugar syrup. Indo-China region being a centre of diversity is endowed with great variability in terms of morphological characters especially, growth habit, maturity including shape, size and flesh thickness of fruits (Rubatzky and Yamaguchi 1997). Although there is substantial variation in ash gourd vegetative traits, especially fruit characters, it is difficult to distinguish genotypes on their external morphology alone. Assessment of genetic diversity based on phenotype has limitations, since most of the morphological characters are greatly influenced by environmental factors and the development stage of the plant. In contrast, molecular markers based on DNA sequence polymorphism are independent of environmental conditions and show a higher level of polymorphism. This necessitates the assessment of genetic diversity present in ash gourd using the modern molecular approaches. This would allow a more efficient utilization of plant characters in developing suitable varieties for yield and stability. In addition, an unambiguous, reliable, fast and cost-effective assessment of genetic Cucurbitaceae 2008, Proceedings of the IX EUCARPIA meeting on genetics and breeding of Cucurbitaceae (Pitrat M, ed), INRA, Avignon (France), May 21-24, 2008
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPOWERMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION WITH THE PERFORMANCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS IN EAST AZARBAIJAN PROVINCE

This study aims at determining the relationship between empowerment and job satisfaction with performance of physical education teachers in East Azarbaijan province. 296 of teachers of physical education in the East Azarbaijan, voluntary filled out the Spreitzer empowerment, job satisfaction and Preston performance questionnaires. After data collection, data were analyzed using Kolmogorov– Smirnov, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Multiple Regression. The results of correlation between variables indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between the empowerment and performance of physical education teachers (P >0.01). Also, the results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the job satisfaction and its components and performance (P >0.01). The results of regression analysis indicated that performance has been affected 60.1% by empowerment components and 44.5 % by job satisfaction components. The competence component with a standardized coefficient of 0.55 and the working condition component with a standardized coefficient of 0.374 had the greatest effect on performance.
Religiosity and Islamic Banking Product Decision: Survey on Employees of PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia

The objective of this research is to examine the religiosity on Islamic banking product decision. A survey method was employed using a sample of 2.627 employees at different level of education, level of income, gender, age, marital status, length of service, work location (provincial based), ownership of conventional banking products as well as ownership of sharia banking products among employees of PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia. The study also developed valid and reliable scales for religiosity and selection of sharia banking product. The ﬁndings of the study revealed that dimensions of religiosity affected understanding of Islamic Banking Concept and also affected Bank Selection Criteria. Future research is required to investigate private employees and semi government employees, even in military institutions to find different figure of religiosity and preference of sharia banking products, by identifying the speciﬁc areas of religiosity that have particular impact in determining the sharia banking products. DOI: 10.15408/etk.v16i1. 4379
Sensitivity Studies of the Importance of Dust Ice Nuclei for the Indirect Aerosol Effect on Stratiform Mixed-Phase Clouds

Abstract New parameterizations of contact freezing and immersion freezing in stratiform mixed-phase clouds (with temperatures between 0° and −35°C) for black carbon and mineral dust assumed to be composed of either kaolinite (simulation KAO) or montmorillonite (simulation MON) are introduced into the ECHAM4 general circulation model. The effectiveness of black carbon and dust as ice nuclei as a function of temperature is parameterized from a compilation of laboratory studies. This is the first time that freezing parameterizations take the chemical composition of ice nuclei into account. The rather subtle differences between these sensitivity simulations in the present-day climate have significant implications for the anthropogenic indirect aerosol effect. The decrease in net radiation in these sensitivity simulations at the top of the atmosphere varies from 1 ± 0.3 to 2.1 ± 0.1 W m−2 depending on whether dust is assumed to be composed of kaolinite or montmorillonite. In simulation KAO, black carbon has a .
The Role of Organizational and Individual Factors in Knowledge Management System Acceptance

The aim of this study is to investigates the how individual and organizational factors influence people behavior in using knowledge management. This research applied Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a basis theory; TAM was enriched with individual and organizational factors for this study. A survey approach was conducted for data collection. Three of institutions in Banking Sector at Indonesia were invited to join this study and 215 knowledge workers were participated for the survey. Data from survey were analyzed through Structural Equations Model (SEM) using PLS (Partial Least Square) V2. The conclusion specify that ‘‘individual elements'' and ‘‘organizational elements'' are the significantly affect people behavior in KMS acceptance factors that influence knowledge worker behavior in knowledge sharing. However this study not found relationship between individual and organization factors and “perceived ease of use” construct with people behavior in accept KMS.
In Vitro Biotransformation in Drug Discovery

In vitro Biotransformation studies play a crucial role in drug discovery program that determine the fate of the new chemical entities (NCE’s). Enzyme rich matrices such as microsomes, hepatocytes, liver fractions and S9 fractions transform the new chemical entities to different metabolites. Metabolites could be pharmacologically important or toxic. Newly formed metabolites are identified using liquid chromatography interfaced with mass spectrometry. Identification of the biotransformation sites in the new chemical entity helps the medicinal chemists to optimize its structure and develop the NCE as a pharmaceutical drug. Screening pharmaceutical drugs using in vitro biotransformation studies assist in selecting the right new chemical entity for further in vivo studies in animal systems and later in human clinical trials.
Galactic fountains and the rotation of disc-galaxy coronae

In galaxies like the Milky Way, cold (˜104 K) gas ejected from the disc by stellar activity (the so-called galactic-fountain gas) is expected to interact with the virial-temperature (˜106 K) gas of the corona. The associated transfer of momentum between cold and hot gas has important consequences for the dynamics of both gas phases. We quantify the effects of such an interaction using hydrodynamical simulations of cold clouds travelling through a hot medium at different relative velocities. Our main finding is that there is a velocity threshold between clouds and corona, of about 75 km s-1, below which the hot gas ceases to absorb momentum from the cold clouds. It follows that in a disc galaxy like the Milky Way a static corona would be rapidly accelerated; the corona is expected to rotate and to lag, in the inner regions, by ˜80-120 km s-1 with respect to the cold disc. We also show how the existence of this velocity threshold can explain the observed kinematics of the cold extraplanar gas.
Effect of Weed Control Methods on Weeds and Wheat (TriticumAestivum L.) Yield

A field experiment was conducted from June to December during 2010/11 crop season at HARC to study the effect of herbicides rates on weed dynamics and yield of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) variety “HAR 604” in randomized complete block design with three replications. the herbicides rates: clodinafop-propargyl(0.065,0.080, 0.105kgha-1) and isoproturon (1.00, 1.25, 1.50kgha-1), hand weeding at tillering and weedy checkwere used. The crop was infested with AvenafatuaL. and PhalarisparadoxaL. among grass weeds andCayluseaabyssinicaMeisn,C. trigynaL. , Chenopodium album L. , Corrigoialacapensis Wild, Guizotiascabra(Vis) Chiov, Oxalis latifoliaHBK, PolygonumnepalenseL. , RaphanusraphanistrumL. , SpergulaarvensisL. and Tagetesminuta L. among broadleaved weeds. Hand weeding followed isoproturon at 1.50 kg ha-1 significantly reduced density and dry weight of weeds. Among herbicides, isoproturon provided better control of broadleaved and total weeds, whereas; clodinafop-propargyl proved better than isoproturon in controlling grass weeds. Hand weeding and hoeing at tillering resulted in lowest weed dry weight. Highest grain yield (2289.4 kg ha-1) in was recorded in hand weeding followed by isoproturon at 1.5kg ha-1 (2177.3 kg ha-1). The highest straw yield was recorded in hand weeding followed by isoproturon 1.50 kg ha-1, and harvest index was also maximum with hand weeding. Maximum N-uptake was also recorded in these treatments. Post emergence herbicides and /or hand weeding and hoeing at tillering can further enhance the weed suppressive effect of the crop.
Locally optimal designs for errors-in-variables models

We consider the construction of optimal designs for nonlinear regression models when there are measurement errors in the covariates. Corresponding approximate design theory is developed for maximum likelihood and least-squares estimation, with the latter leading to nonconcave optimization problems. Analytical characterizations of the locally D-optimal saturated designs are provided for the Michaelis–Menten, $E_{\rm max}$ and exponential regression models. Through concrete applications, we illustrate how measurement errors in the covariates affect the optimal choice of design and show that the locally D-optimal saturated designs are highly efficient for relatively small misspecifications of the parameter values.
The Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Acute and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure

Acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ALF and ACLF), though distinct clinical entities, are considered syndromes of innate immune dysfunction. Patients with ALF and ACLF display evidence of a pro-inflammatory state with local liver inflammation, features of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and vascular endothelial dysfunction that drive progression to multi-organ failure. In an apparent paradox, these patients are concurrently immunosuppressed, exhibiting acquired immune defects that render them highly susceptible to infections. This paradigm of tissue injury succeeded by immunosuppression is seen in other inflammatory conditions such as sepsis, which share poor outcomes and infective complications that account for high morbidity and mortality. Monocyte and macrophage dysfunction are central to disease progression of ALF and ACLF. Activation of liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) by pathogen and damage associated molecular patterns leads to the recruitment of innate effector cells to the injured liver. Early monocyte infiltration may contribute to local tissue destruction during the propagation phase and results in secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines that drive SIRS. In the hepatic microenvironment, recruited monocytes mature into macrophages following local reprogramming so as to promote resolution responses in a drive to maintain tissue integrity. Intra-hepatic events may affect circulating monocytes through spill over of soluble mediators and exposure to apoptotic cell debris during passage through the liver. Hence, peripheral monocytes show numerous acquired defects in acute liver failure syndromes that impair their anti-microbial programmes and contribute to enhanced susceptibility to sepsis. This review will highlight the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which monocytes and macrophages contribute to the pathophysiology of ALF and ACLF, considering both hepatic inflammation and systemic immunosuppression. We identify areas for further research and potential targets for immune-based therapies to treat these devastating conditions.