Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Flavonoids and Centella asiatica for the treatment of chronic anal fissure. A randomized clinical trial.

AIMS We aim to test and compare the effects of Flavonoids (Fs) and Centella asiatica (Ca), and the traditional treatment to find out which best deals with healing time, bleeding and pain in the treatment of chronic Anal Fissure (AF). Materials of Study: 98 outpatients were divided randomly into treated (either Fs or Ca) and control group. The control group (Group C, n=32) received the traditional treatment along with the other two subgroups which were treated, additionally, with Fs (Group A, n=30) or Ca (Group B, n=36). Patients were observed once weekly over 8 consecutive weeks. RESULTS The median time to stop bleeding in the group A was 1 week, in the Group B was 3 weeks and in the group C was 4 weeks. There were significant differences between Groups in terms of time to end bleeding (A vs B: p-value= 0.022; A vs C: p-value<0.001; B vs C: p-value=0.070). As for pain score from baseline to the 2nd week were statistically different between Groups A and B on the one hand and Group C on the other hand (A vs C: p-value=0.004; B vs C: p-value 0.035). All patients healed within 8th week. DISCUSSION Either patients treated with Fs or Ca experienced early pain disappearance. Fs and Ca did not show side effects CONCLUSIONS: The treatment with Fs is the most effective for bleeding. Patients additionally treated with either Fs or Ca experienced an earlier healing and disappearance of pain in comparison with patients underwent to the traditional treatment. KEY WORDS Anal bleeding, Anal fissure, Defecation pain.
Incremental Decoding and Training Methods for Simultaneous Translation in Neural Machine Translation

We address the problem of simultaneous translation by modifying the Neural MT decoder to operate with dynamically built encoder and attention. We propose a tunable agent which decides the best segmentation strategy for a user-defined BLEU loss and Average Proportion (AP) constraint. Our agent outperforms previously proposed Wait-if-diff and Wait-if-worse agents (Cho and Esipova, 2016) on BLEU with a lower latency. Secondly we proposed data-driven changes to Neural MT training to better match the incremental decoding framework.
Problems with Science and Technology Education in Turkey

National and international indicators show that there is a big inadequacy in science and technology education in Turkey as compared to other countries. This important problem affects the young students’ structure of thinking perspective and perceptions of nature in a wrong way. The problems in science and technology education will block creative and critical thinking, curiosity and positive attitudes towards nature. In order to determine attitudes towards science and technology education program and the reasons of low achievement in science education, a questionnaire with 20 items about science and technology lesson, has been prepared and applied to 84 science and technology lesson teacher in elementary schools in two different cities (Adiyaman and Malatya) of Turkey. According to the result of this research, the main problems with science and technology education are insufficient number of science and technology teachers’ taking active role in the preparation of the programs, the insufficient in-service training of the science teacher in the transition state of a new program, the huge numbers of the students in the class, the informational education orienting students towards only exam achievement, the broken link with other lessons (e.g. mathematics program) and insufficient physical conditions of schools (less laboratory opportunities).
IoT based mobile healthcare system for human activity recognition

Developments in information and communication technologies have led to the wider usage of Internet of Things (IoT). In the modern health care applications, the usage of IoT technologies brings physicians and patients together for automated and intelligent daily activity monitoring for elderly people. Mobile devices and wearable body sensors are gradually implemented for the monitoring of personal health care and wellbeing. One of the main technologies of IoT improvements in healthcare monitoring system is the wearable sensor technology. Furthermore, integration of IoT in healthcare has led to initiate smart applications such as mobile healthcare (m-Healthcare) and intelligent healthcare monitoring systems. In this study an intelligent m-healthcare system based on IoT technology is presented to provide pervasive human activity recognition by using data mining techniques. In this paper, we present a user-dependent data mining approach for off-line human activity classification and a robust and precise human activity recognition model is developed based on IoT technology. The proposed model utilizes the dataset contains body motion and vital signs recordings for ten volunteers of diverse profile while performing 12 physical activities for human activity recognition purpose. Results show that the proposed system is superior in performance with 99.89 % accuracy and is highly effective, robust and reliable in delivering m-Healthcare services during different activities.
Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Alstonia boonei

The chemical composition and some antioxidant indices of Alstonia boonei stem-bark extract were evaluated. A. boonei was found to contain important minerals like calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. Alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides were among the phytochemicals detected together with the important vitamin, ascorbic acid. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content and reducing power were 41.58 ± 1.43 %, 2.09 ± 0.04 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 0.32 ± 0.01 respectively. Against the backdrop of the many medicinal uses of the plant, the results of the present work indicate that phytochemicals, other than phenolics, the mineral elements and vitamin C may be the critical factors in the medicinal effects of A. boonei.
Control of Beam Direction for Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Slot Array Antenna Using Metasurface

The method to control the aperture phase distribution of antenna using a metasurface is proposed to point the antenna beam to desired directions. A <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times 10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) slot array antenna directly integrated with the metasurface of double-layer miniaturized framed Jerusalem crosses is, for example, designed to achieve the oblique radiation beam in 30° at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Ka$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-bands. In order to achieve a full 360° transmission phase range, part of SIW slots are inverted to obtain additional 180° phase shift so that more than 400° phase shift range is realized. The measured results show that the beam directions are within 29.3 ± 1° from 34.25 to 35.75 GHz with a return loss better than 15 dB. The measured maximum gain is 12.1 dBi at 34.75 GHz. The combination of the array antenna and the metasurface features a low profile, simple structure, and flexible design for oblique beam application.
Enhanced tolerance to salinity stress and ABA is regulated by Oryza sativa STRESS ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 8 (OsSAP8)

Increased tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in plants is a key target for food security. OsSAP8 is a member of the stress-associated protein (SAP) gene family in rice and is characterized by the presence of two zinc finger domains, A20 and AN1. In this research, we aim to understand the regulatory mechanism of OsSAP8 in response to multiple stresses for rice survival. We used the Arabidopsis transformation system to understand the gene’s function. Two Arabidopsis lines were used; OsSAP8 overexpression line and Arabidopsis atsap2 knockout loss-of-function mutation in comparison to wild type Columbia-0 (Col-0). The protein sequence of Arabidopsis atsap2 has been shown to be highly identical to the OsSAP8. An atsap2 knockout showed a sensitive phenotype to high concentration of NaCl and PEG with reduced germination percentage. OsSAP8 overexpression showed a tolerance phenotype to 150 mM NaCl and 20% PEG compared to atsap2. OsSAP8 also showed an insensitive germination phenotype to high concentration of ABA compared to Col-0 and atsap2. The insensitive phenotype of OsSAP8 on the high concentration of ABA (12 μM) and the sensitive phenotype of its orthologue atsap2 in Arabidopsis suggests that OsSAP8 may have a role in part through ABA signaling as a putative transcriptional regulator for ABA during stress response.
Influence of N 2 concentration in a CH 4 / N 2 dielectric barrier discharge used for CH 4 conversion into H 2

We present a combined study of experimental and computational work for a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) used for CH4 conversion into H2. More specifically, we investigated the influence of N2 as an impurity (1e50,000 ppm) and as additive gas (1e99%) on the CH4 conversion and H2 yield. For this purpose, a zero-dimensional chemical kinetics model is applied to study the plasma chemistry. The calculated conversions and yields for various gas mixing ratios are compared to the obtained experimental values, and good agreement is achieved. The study reveals the significance of the N2ðA Pþ u Þ and N2ða01 P u Þ metastable states for the CH4 conversion into H2, based on a kinetic analysis of the reaction chemistry. Copyright a 2013, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights
Molecular epidemiology of astrovirus infection in Italian children with gastroenteritis

A 1-year study involving 157 gastroenteritis samples was conducted to investigate the role of human astrovirus (HAstV) as a cause of gastroenteritis in Italian children aged < 2 years. The overall incidence of HAstV was 3.1%. Most cases occurred between March and May, and four of the five isolates were of the HAstV-1 type, the other being HAstV-3. Analysis of genetic variability showed that the three HAstV-1 isolates collected in 2000 clustered together, but separately from the 1999 isolate. The results indicated that HAstV should be considered as a potential diarrhoeal pathogen in Italian children.
Antimicrobial activity of the leaves of three species of Nigerian Pterocarpus (Jacq.)

This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of the ethano lic extracts of freshly expanded and older leaves of Pterocarpus soyauxii, P. santalinoides and P. osun against some human pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhii, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniaand Candida albicans). The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed using the Agar well diffusion method in nutrient agar, maconkey agar, blood agar and sabround dextrose agar. The ethanolic extracts of the samples showed moderate to high activity against all the tested pathogens. The inhibition zone ranged from 3.00 mm to 25 mm. Generally, the freshly e xpanded leaves (3.00 mm to 18 mm) tend to have higher antimicrobial activity when compared to that of older leaves (4.33 mm to 14.50 mm). P. osun leaves showed more antimicrobial activity on the test pathogen s, when compared with those of the leaves of the other species. The con- centration of the extract also affected the ability of the extract to inhibit the growth of the pathogen s. The higher the con- centration of the extract, the higher the rate of inhibition of the pathogen s. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) ranged from 0.25 to 11.00 mg/ml. The result obtained indicates that the leaves of the plants have antimicrobial activity against the human pathogenic microorganism tested and can be exploited as alternative antimicrobial drug use for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by these pathogens .
Self-assembly of high performance on-chip RF-MEMS inductors using internal stress

This work reports on the design of three-dimensional, on-chip RF-MEMS inductors based on self-assembly using residual stress in thin films. We show internal stress-based self-assembly of patterned thin films into single and multiple-turn vertical inductors with spiral and solenoid geometry, and verify performance improvement using coupled multi-physics simulation tools. Structures after transverse bending display high g-factor and high self-resonance frequency as compared to inductor configurations in planar geometry with the same turn-density. Simulation results indicate that, performance increase of approximately 200% in g-factor and ∼ 41% in resonance frequency can be achieved for single-turn ring inductors, while g-factor and resonance frequency values were doubled for multiple-turn spiral inductors upon vertical self-assembly.
Analysis of Risk Factors Sociodemographic for the Functional Dependence of Adults with Spinal Cord Injury

Objective: To evaluate the odds ratio of risk factors of sociodemographic and functional capacity of adults with spinal cord injury. Methods: Analytical, cross-sectional, quantitative study accomplished with a group of 47 people with spinal cord injury in hospitals and 27 in the household. The data were collected through a structured instrument composed of independent variables related to epidemiological and clinical data on spinal cord injury and dependent variables corresponding to the scale of the Barthel Index (BI). The data were analysed with the two-tailed chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., USA). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used as an estimate of the risk. The level of significance was set at a p value ≤0.05. Results: It was found that males (OR = 4.804, p = 0.041), the education less than ten years (OR = 3.000, p = 0.036), the hospital care (OR = 5.250, p = 0.002) and injury time less than six months (OR = 5.250, p = 0.002) are sociodemographic factors that are associated with the functional capacity of individuals with spinal cord injury. Moreover, the total dependence (p < 0.001) and severe dependence (p = 0.019) are associated with quadricplegia. It was found that males (p = 0.041), the education less than ten years (p = 0.036), attention to hospital health (p = 0.002) and minor injury time less than six months (p = 0.002) are sociode-mographic factors associated with functional capacity of subjects. Conclusion: As a result, it was found that knowing the epidemiological and clinical factors of people with spinal cord injury is relevant to plan the nursing care. In other words, knowing the epidemiological and clinical factors of people with spinal cord injury is relevant to achieve the functional independence of these people, and it was demonstrated that the social determinants of health are interrelated and interdependent of chronic health conditions, as evidenced by the Care Model for Chronic Conditions.
2 EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing time-varying complex energy spectrum using the continuous wavelet transform ( CWT ) with a complex Morlet wavelet

Quantifying the phase synchrony between signals is important in many different applications, including the study of the chaotic oscillators in physics and the modeling of the joint dynamics between channels of brain activity recorded by electroencephalogram (EEG). Current measures of phase synchrony rely on either the wavelet transform or the Hilbert transform of the signals and suffer from constraints such as the limit on time-frequency resolution in the wavelet analysis and the prefiltering requirement in Hilbert transform. Furthermore, the current phase synchrony measures are limited to quantifying bivariate relationships and do not reveal any information about multivariate synchronization patterns, which are important for understanding the underlying oscillatory networks. In this paper, we address these two issues by employing the recently introduced multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD) for quantifying multivariate phase synchrony. First, anMEMD-based bivariate phase synchrony measure is defined for a more robust description of time-varying phase synchrony across frequencies. Second, the proposed bivariate phase synchronization index is used to quantify multivariate synchronization within a network of oscillators using measures of multiple correlation and complexity. Finally, the proposed measures are applied to both simulated networks of chaotic oscillators and real EEG data.
Dietary Intake Estimation : Reproducibility and Validity of the Food 4 Me Food Frequency Questionnaire Against a 4-Day Weighed Food Record

Background: Advances in nutritional assessment are continuing to embrace developments in computer technology. The online Food4Me food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was created as an electronic system for the collection of nutrient intake data. To ensure its accuracy in assessing both nutrient and food group intake, further validation against data obtained using a reliable, but independent, instrument and assessment of its reproducibility are required. Objective: The aim was to assess the reproducibility and validity of the Food4Me FFQ against a 4-day weighed food record (WFR). Methods: Reproducibility of the Food4Me FFQ was assessed using test-retest methodology by asking participants to complete the FFQ on 2 occasions 4 weeks apart. To assess the validity of the Food4Me FFQ against the 4-day WFR, half the participants were also asked to complete a 4-day WFR 1 week after the first administration of the Food4Me FFQ. Level of agreement between nutrient and food group intakes estimated by the repeated Food4Me FFQ and the Food4Me FFQ and 4-day WFR were evaluated using Bland-Altman methodology and classification into quartiles of daily intake. Crude unadjusted correlation coefficients were also calculated for nutrient and food group intakes. Results: In total, 100 people participated in the assessment of reproducibility (mean age 32, SD 12 years), and 49 of these (mean age 27, SD 8 years) also took part in the assessment of validity. Crude unadjusted correlations for repeated Food4Me FFQ ranged from . 65 (vitamin D) to . 90 (alcohol). The mean cross-classification into “exact agreement plus adjacent” was 92% for both nutrient and food group intakes, and Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement for energy-adjusted macronutrient intakes. Agreement between the Food4Me FFQ and 4-day WFR varied, with crude unadjusted correlations ranging from . 23 (vitamin D) to . 65 (protein, % total energy) for nutrient intakes and . 11 (soups, sauces and miscellaneous foods) to . 73 (yogurts) for food group intake. The mean cross-classification into “exact agreement plus adjacent” was 80% and 78% for nutrient and food group intake, respectively. There were no significant differences between energy intakes estimated using the Food4Me FFQ and 4-day WFR, and Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement for both energy and energy-controlled nutrient intakes. J Med Internet Res 2014 | vol. 16 | iss. 8 | e190 | p.1 http://www.jmir. org/2014/8/e190/ (page number not for citation purposes) Fallaize et al JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
Caretaker-Adolescent Communication on Sexuality and Reproductive Health: My Perceptions Matter; A Qualitative Study on Adolescents' Perspectives in Unguja-Zanzibar

This study was conducted to explore the perceptions of adolescents on caretaker-adolescent communication on sexuality. Using an Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills model, this article highlights areas to emphasise when planning strategies to improve caretaker-adolescent communication on sexuality. Twelve focus group discussions were held with adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years, and data were analysed using content analysis. The participants found it important for caretakers to communicate with adolescents about sexuality to avoid sexual and related health risks. Caretakers were the most preferred communicators, by adolescents, on sexuality matters. It became apparent that information about the use of condoms was the most unpopular topic during the discussions, while information about the use of contraceptives seemed to be more interesting to the majority of the participants. From the adolescents’ point of view, the barriers to communication about sexuality on the caretakers’ side, include, the belief that such information might encourage promiscuity; some caretakers do not find it easy to discuss matters related to sexuality with their children; and others feel that some adolescents know more about sexuality than themselves. On the other hand, barriers on adolescents’ side include, “fear” of the caretakers, some of whom seem harsh, unfriendly, and sometimes unapproachable. Following the findings, it is being suggested that intervention strategies that would help to alleviate communication barriers would consequently facilitate caretaker-adolescent discussions about sexuality and reproductive health.
A New Junction Termination Using a Deep Trench Filled With BenzoCycloButene

A new junction termination for high-voltage devices using a deep trench filled with dielectric, which dramatically decreases the junction-termination area, is proposed and fabricated. The termination breakdown voltage dependence on the dielectric critical electric field (E Cd) and its permittivity (¿rd) is theoretically studied. Finally, the proposed junction termination is experimentally validated using BenzoCycloButene (BCB) as dielectric material. Experimental results show that the proposed termination sustains more than 1200 V with a 70-¿m-width and 100- ¿m-depth trench filled by BCB.
Morbidity-mortality in sickle cell disease

The high morbidity-mortality rates in sickle cell disease (SCD) led us to study the epidemiological profile and respective clinical complications of patients seen at a Regional Blood Center (HR) and a University Clinical Hospital (HC-U) between 1998 and 2007. In a retrospective study, 151 patients were evaluated regarding age, gender, skin color, origin, diagnosis, reason of visit to HR or reason and length of stay in the HC-U, and cause and age in cases of death. Simple descriptive statistical analysis was performed. The mean age was 17.7 years, 52.4% of the patients were female, 58.2% were from the city and no information regarding skin color was available in 92.2% of the records. Sickle cell anemia was present in 82.5% of cases. The most frequent reason for the 910 visits to HR and 589 hospitalizations in HC-U were afebrile pain episodes (61.9% and 25.3%, respectively). The mean age of the 11 patients who died was 33.5 years with one patient being younger than 10 years old, and multiple organ failure was the most frequent cause. The epidemiological profile shows a predominance of children and young adults, women, and the SS genotype. The rates of hospitalization in HC-U and of visits to HR and the low mean age at death confirm the high morbidity and mortality related to SCD. However, a large number of children do not present with complications or require hospitalization which reflects the efficacy of preventive measures provided by the early diagnosis implemented over the last 10 years.
A Mathematical Model of the Emission and Optimal Control of Photochemical Smog

This study models traffic regulations as well as vehicle modifications as tools for reducing the emission of NO, NO2, CO, and CO2 from vehicles on a subset of highways in the Los Angeles basin. We make changes to an established chemical network creating a simplified, non-autonomous, coupled set of six ordinary differential equations. We demonstrate, and prove when able, the existence of periodic pollutant levels. Furthermore, we formulate an optimal control problem to address hypothetical pollution policies explicitly considering implementation cost and the reduction of cost of adverse health effects.