Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Surgical and Chemical Sphincterotomy in the Management of Acute Anal Fissures

Objective: To compare the results and outcome of chemical and surgical sphincterotomy in the management of acute anal fissure. Study design: Quasi experimental study. Place and duration: The study was carried out in the department of surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, from 20-08-2007 to 19-08-2009. Sample size: Total 100 patients of acute anal fissures Materials and methods: Patients who gave informed consent were randomized into two groups. Fifty patients in group A underwent chemical sphincterotomy and 50 patients in group B underwent surgical sphincterotomy. They were followed up for a period of 3 months and results of two treatment modalities were compared. Results: Surgical sphincterotomy showed early symptomatic relief within 6.08+2.83 days as compared to 9.23±7.89 days by chemical sphincterotomy. Hundred percent healing rates were observed with surgical sphincterotomy as compared to 54%with chemical sphincterotomy. Conclusion: Surgical sphincterotomy is better than chemical sphincterotomy in the management of acute anal fissure in terms of early symptomatic relief and high healing rates. However, chemical sphincterotomy heals 54%ofpatients in out patient setting, associated with less work loss that is no hospital admission is required, so it has a definite role in the management of acute anal fissure.
A Short Term Tutoring Program: Summarizing Chemistry Text with Grade 12 Gifted Students

Abstract The ability to summarize content area text becomes increasingly important as the reading demands on students increase. Often it is assumed that by high school students are skilled at reducing a passage to its gist. A Canadian teacher discovered, however, that the summaries of his academically gifted high school students taking a university level chemistry course were a retelling of the original text. Together with a university researcher a short term tutoring project was offered to assist students in developing their summarization skills. The sessions involved ’think alouds’ and direct explicit instruction of the strategies followed by practice time and student refl ection. The fi ndings of the study revealed that while the students quickly learned the specifi c steps of the two summarization methods, more time and additional practice were required for autonomous application of these strategies by students. Further, even high achieving students needed to personally buy-in to the benefi ts of a new strategy.
Elevated Carbon Dioxide Level Suppresses Nutritional Quality of Lettuce and Spinach

Rising global CO2 levels are a major factor that impacts not only the environment but also many plant functions including growth, productivity and nutritional quality. The study examined the impact of elevated [CO2] on nutritional quality and growth characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Elevated [CO2] decreased the concentration of many important nutrients including nitrogen (protein), potassium and phosphorus in the edible parts of both lettuce and spinach. The nitrogen concentration in lettuce shoots was reduced by more than 30% at elevated [CO2] compared to the plants grown at ambient level of CO2. Similarly the concentration of a number of micronutrients including sulfur, zinc, copper and magnesium, was depressed in lettuce shoots. Although the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were higher in lettuce at elevated CO2, they were not affected in spinach. The photosynthetic activity was variable among the plant species while there was no increase in the carbon accumulation in these plants at elevated [CO2]. However, there was significant reduction in the leaf stomatal conductance in both lettuce and spinach in response to higher [CO2], which is likely affect both water loss from the leaves and their photosynthetic activity. The results indicate a broad adverse impact of rising [CO2] on the nutritional quality of commonly consumed leafy vegetables namely, lettuce and spinach.
Arousability, trait anxiety and the worry and emotionality components of test anxiety

Abstract Eleventh- and twelfth-grade high-school students (or equivalent subjects in Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Brazil) participated in this study. All subjects were administered the Test Anxiety Inventory and the Anxiety/Arousability Inventory in their native language. A confirmatory factor analysis yielded the following conclusions: (1) the measures of trait anxiety arousability, test anxiety (worry), and test anxiety (emotionality) demonstrated high reliability, factorial validity and discriminant validity in each of the four samples; (2) as hypothesized, significant positive correlations were found between all four measures in each of the four samples; (3) analyses of invariance supported the invariance of factor loadings and factor true variances across three cultural groups: Egypt, Brazil and the USA. (Saudi Arabia was eliminated from the invariance analysis because the sample was all male.) Analyses of invariance did not support the invariance of error/uniquenesses and factor correlations.
Running title : Coronavirus host range determinants on APN 1 2 Mutational analysis of aminopeptidase N , a receptor for several group 1 3 coronaviruses , identifies key determinants of viral host range 4 5

25 Feline (FCoV), porcine (TGEV), canine (CCoV) and human (HCoV-229E) 26 coronaviruses in group 1 use aminopeptidase N (APN) of their natural host and feline 27 APN (fAPN) as receptors. Using mouse-feline APN chimeras we identified three small, 28 discontinuous regions, amino acids (aa) 288-290, aa 732-746 (called R1), and aa 764-788 29 (called R2) in fAPN that determined the host ranges of these coronaviruses. Blockade of 30 infection with anti-fAPN mAb RG4 suggested that these three regions lie close together 31 on the fAPN surface. Different residues in fAPN were required for infection with each 32 coronavirus. HCoV-229E infection was blocked by an N-glycosylation sequon present 33 between aa 288-290 in mAPN. TGEV required R1 of fAPN, while FCoV and CCoV 34 required both R1 and R2 for entry. N740 and T742 in fAPN and the homologous R741 35 in hAPN, were key determinants of host range for FCoV, TGEV and CCoV. Residue 36 N740 in fAPN was essential only for CCoV receptor activity. A conservative T742V 37 substitution or a T742R substitution in fAPN destroyed receptor activity for the pig, dog 38 and cat coronaviruses, while a T742S substitution retained these receptor activities. Thus 39 the hydroxyl on T742 is required for the coronavirus receptor activity of fAPN. In hAPN 40 an R741T substitution caused a gain of receptor activity for TGEV, but not for FCoV or 41 CCoV. Therefore, entry and host range of these group 1 coronaviruses, depends on the 42 ability of the viral spike glycoproteins to recognize small, species-specific aa differences 43 in the APN proteins of different species. 44 AC CE TE D on O cber 2, 2017 by gest http/jvi.asm . rg/ D ow nladed fom
Energy landscape and multiroute folding of topologically complex proteins adenylate kinase and 2 ouf-knot

BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY Correction for “Energy landscape and multiroute folding of topologically complex proteins adenylate kinase and 2out-knot,” by Wenfei Li, Tsuyoshi Terakawa, Wei Wang, and Shoji Takada, which appeared in issue 44, October 30, 2012, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (109:17789–17794; first published July 2, 2012; 10.1073/ pnas.1201807109). The authors note that two protein names appeared incorrectly. All instances of “2out-knot” should instead appear as “2ouf-knot,” and all instances of “2out-ds” should instead appear as “2ouf-ds. ” Both the online article and the print article have been corrected.
ErbB 3 is an active tyrosine kinase capable of homo-and hetero-interactions 2 3

1 ErbB3 is an active tyrosine kinase capable of homoand hetero-interactions 2 3 Mara P. Steinkamp a,c , Shalini T. Low-Nam a *, Shujie Yang a▲ , 4 Keith A. Lidke b,c , Diane S. Lidke a,c and Bridget S. Wilson a,c# 5 6 Department of Pathology a , Department of Physics b and Cancer Center c 7 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 8 9 10 11 12 13 Running Head: erbB3 participates in homoand hetero-interactions 14 15 16 *Current address: Shalini Low-Nam, South Dakota State University, Brooking, SD 57007 17 ▲ Current address: Shujie Yang, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242 18 19 20
Assessment of National Health Insurance Scheme’s (NHIS) Effectiveness in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Southeast Nigeria

Background: The fundamental concept of health insurance is risk sharing and burden bearing. The scheme is undermined by limitations ranging from very frequent use of the services more than necessary by enrollees, to cost escalation, poor management, and skimming. Assessment of services is a quality control measure in patients’ care and service delivery. It helps to identify gaps for improvement of care and services. Objective: This study assessed the effectiveness of NHIS from the perspective of healthcare providers and managers involved in its implementation to understand the nature of services, and gaps with the view to exploring ways of improving its service delivery. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey using focused group discussion Original Research Article Grace et al.; JAMPS, 13(3): 1-9, 2017; Article no.JAMPS. 32767 2 guide to extract information from managers and healthcare providers. Structured interview guides were used to conduct key informant interview (KII). Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results: The greatest challenge was limited availability of essential drugs (60.0%), followed by inadequate space (40.0%), inadequate number of staff (40.0%) to meet up with the demand of NHIS patients and delay on reimbursement (40.0%). Most of the key informants 6.0 (60%) attested to poor availability of essential drugs. Conclusion: There is the need for an improvement in accessibility and availability of essential drugs in the scheme. Improvement on the quality of services can promote increased enrolment. Findings suggests the need for improved funding, staff training and development, and more investigative studies into the activities and operations of the scheme to positively impact health insurance operations and improve enrolment by clients. Improved funding, provision of adequate space, infrastructure, good monitoring and evaluation system will boost service delivery and promote sustainability.
Clinical, immunological and virological indicators of antiretroviral therapy efficiency

Применение антиретровирусной терапии (АРВТ) при ВИЧ-инфекции позволило перевести заболевание в разряд терапевтически контролируемых. Основная цель АРВТ — увеличение продолжительности жизни пациента и сохранение ее качества. Она достигается снижением вирусной нагрузки (числа копий РНК ВИЧ в плазме крови), что приводит к росту числа CD4-Т-лимфоцитов. Но терапия может быть неэффективной. В работе изучена частота случаев иммунологической (ИН), вирусологической (ВН) и клинической неэффективности АРВТ. В исследование включили 341 взрослого ВИЧ-инфицированного пациента, получавшего АРВТ, начатую на стадиях 3–4 заболевания, с вирусологической эффективностью как минимум в течение первого года лечения. Участников исследования наблюдали на протяжении 1–3 лет. ИН АРВТ определяли как увеличение числа клеток CD4 менее чем на 50 клеток/мкл в год на фоне полной супрессии ВИЧ, ВН АРВТ — как число копий РНК ВИЧ выше порога определения через 6 мес от начала лечения. Частота случаев ИН АРВТ составила 14,0–15,9 % для одного года лечения и 22 % для трех лет наблюдений. Отмечено, что для последующего адекватного восстановления содержания Т-лимфоцитов CD4 необходимо увеличение их числа в первый год терапии более чем на 100 клеток/мкл. Вирусологически эффективной АРВТ была для 92,7 % пациентов. Большая часть (80 %) случаев ВН АРВТ была обусловлена низкой приверженностью пациентов к лечению. Клиническая эффективность АРВТ составила 91 % и в значительной степени определялась числом участников исследования с ИН АРВТ. Иммунологическая неэффективность АРВТ является фактором риска прогрессирования заболевания на фоне АРВТ и смерти при ВИЧ-инфекции. Риск клинического прогрессирования ВИЧ-инфекции при ИН АРВТ выше в 6,232 раз (95 % ДИ 3,106–12,51).
CİNSİYETİN TEKNO-PEDAGOJİK ALAN BİLGİSİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN META ANALİZ YÖNTEMİYLE ARAŞTIRILMASI

Bu calismanin amaci, cinsiyetin tekno-pedagojik alan bilgisi uzerindeki etkisini meta analiz yontemiyle incelemektir. Meta-analiz, benzer konularda yapilmis birbirinden bagimsiz ve cok sayida calismadan elde edilmis sayisal verileri istatistiksel olarak analiz etme ve bu calismalarin sonuclari hakkinda genel bir yargiya varma yontemidir. Hangi arastirmalarin meta-analize dâhil edilecegine yonelik secimlerin yapilmasinda belirli olcutler kullanilmistir. Bu olcutlere dayali olarak 6 adet tez calismasinin meta-analize dâhil edilmesine karar verilmistir. Sonuc olarak; alti calisma icin %95 guven araliginda etki buyukleri belirlenmistir. Meta analiz diyagramina gore cinsiyetin teknolojik pedagojik alan bilgisi uzerindeki etkisi sabit etki modelinde (.058), rastgele etkiler modelinde (.064)’dir. Sonuc olarak TPAB yeterlikleri acisindan cinsiyetin baskin bir bagimsiz degisken olmadigi tespit edilmistir.
HERSCHEL SEARCH FOR O2 TOWARD THE ORION BAR

We report the results of a search for molecular oxygen (O2) toward the Orion Bar, a prominent photodissociation region at the southern edge of the H ii region created by the luminous Trapezium stars. We observed the spectral region around the frequency of the O2 NJ = 33–12 transition at 487 GHz and the 54–34 transition at 774 GHz using the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared on the Herschel Space Observatory. Neither line was detected, but the 3σ upper limits established here translate to a total line-of-sight O2 column density <1.5 × 1016 cm−2 for an emitting region whose temperature is between 30 K and 250 K, or <1 × 1016 cm−2 if the O2 emitting region is primarily at a temperature of ≲100 K. Because the Orion Bar is oriented nearly edge-on relative to our line of sight, the observed column density is enhanced by a factor estimated to be between 4 and 20 relative to the face-on value. Our upper limits imply that the face-on O2 column density is less than 4 × 1015 cm−2, a value that is below, and possibly well below, model predictions for gas with a density of 104–105 cm−3 exposed to a far-ultraviolet flux 104 times the local value, conditions inferred from previous observations of the Orion Bar. The discrepancy might be resolved if (1) the adsorption energy of O atoms to ice is greater than 800 K; (2) the total face-on AV of the Bar is less than required for O2 to reach peak abundance; (3) the O2 emission arises within dense clumps with a small beam filling factor; or (4) the face-on depth into the Bar where O2 reaches its peak abundance, which is density dependent, corresponds to a sky position different from that sampled by our Herschel beams.
Morphological development of larvae and juveniles of Prochilodus argenteus

Prochilodus argenteus is an endemic fish species from the Sao Francisco River basin that is of high economic and environmental importance. The present study aimed to contribute with information to the taxonomic identification of larvae and juveniles of this species. Larvae, obtained from induced spawning of wild animals, were reared in ponds. Individuals were collected daily and classified into larval stages or juvenile phase. Morphological descriptions and morphometric measurements were performed, together with a piece wise linear regression analysis of the body proportions throughout the development process. Individuals in the preflexion stage had a standard length (SL) of 4.48 to 6.64mm, long to moderate body (BH/SL), small to moderate head (HL/SL), and a small to moderate eye (ED/HL). In the flexion stage, the SL varied from 6.60 to 11.00mm, long to moderate body, moderate head, and small to moderate eye. Larvae in the postflexion stage presented SL of 10.54-19.93mm, moderate body, moderate to big head and small eye. The juvenile phase included specimens with a SL of 18.27 to 42.21mm which presented a moderate to high body, big head and small to moderate eye. Regression analysis showed significant moments of change in rate of increase of the body proportions, presenting a change in the growth pattern from allometry to isometry during the early development.
Classification with discrete and continuous variables via general mixed-data models

We study the problem of classifying an individual into one of several populations based on mixed nominal, continuous, and ordinal data. Specifically, we obtain a classification procedure as an extension to the so-called location linear discriminant function, by specifying a general mixed-data model for the joint distribution of the mixed discrete and continuous variables. We outline methods for estimating misclassification error rates. Results of simulations of the performance of proposed classification rules in various settings vis-à-vis a robust mixed-data discrimination method are reported as well. We give an example utilizing data on croup in children.
Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: Diagnosis and Treatment

Cleft lip or palate is one of the most common types of craniomaxillofacial birth anomalies. Midface deficiency is a common feature of cleft lip and palate patients due to scar tissue of the lip and palate closure. Cleft lip and palate patients should be carefully evaluated by the craniofacial team in order to detect potentially serious deformities. Craniofacial team is involved with diagnosis of facial morphology, feeding problems, guidance of the growth and development of the face, occlusion, dentition, hearing and speech problems, and psychosocial issues and jaw discrepancy of the patients with cleft lip and palate or craniofacial syndromes. Treatment for cleft children requires a multidisciplinary approach including facial surgery in the first months of life, preventive and interceptive treatment in primary dentition, speech therapy, orthodontics in the mixed dentition phase, oromaxillofacial surgery, and implant and prosthetics in adults. Treatment plan from orthodontic perspective can be divided into the following stages based on the dentition stages: (1) presurgical orthopedics, (2) primary dentition, (3) mixed dentition, and (4) permanent dentition. The aim of this chapter is to assess a rational team work approach in the management of the patient with cleft lip and/or palate from birth to adulthood.
Relationship between perceived social support and immune function

Although a previous meta analysis showed some substantial relationships between social support and immune function, there is still no knowledge about the effects of social support on natural killer (NK) cell number. In this study we examined the direct relationships between peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations and several aspects of social support. We administered the Japanese version of the Stress and Coping Inventory (SCI) by Rahe (1994) to 98 male workers with a written informed consent. Blood samples were collected at 10.00 hours. Lymphocytes subsets were measured by flowcytometry using CD3, CD16, and CD56 antibodies. Partial correlation coefficient controlled by age and smoking between social support and immune cells revealed that there were weak but significant correlations between perceived social support and the numbers of CD3-/CD16+and CD3-/CD56+ NK cells (r = 0.25, 0.26). There was no correlation between social support and percentage of NK cells. Positive correlation of perceived social support with NK cell numbers suggested that perceived social support has a direct effect on NK cells and that increased social support might be accompanied by high natural immunity. Further investigation should be undertaken to elucidate why only perceived social support was correlated to NK cells. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
XFEL AMTF operation completed: results and lessons learned

In order to produce short pulsed electron beam of 17.5 GeV energy, the XFEL linear accelerator is being built at DESY in Hamburg. Before being installed in the accelerator tunnel, 103 accelerator modules have to be tested in Accelerator Module Test Facility (AMTF). Cavities and cryomodules are tested at two vertical cryostats and three horizontal test benches. Two valve boxes and a liquid helium (LHe) storage tank are installed to enable cryogenic operation of AMTF. This paper describes our experience of three years cryogenic operation of AMTF. All 800 cavities and almost all cryomodules have been tested. The test results and lessons learned are also summarized
How Institutions Matter: From the Micro Foundations of Institutional Impacts to the Macro Consequences of Institutional Arrangements

Abstract This double volume presents a collection of 23 papers on how institutions matter to socio-economic life. The papers delve deeply into the practical impact an institutional approach enables, as well as how such research has the potential to influence policies relevant to critical institutional changes unfolding in the world today. In Volume 48A, the focus is on the micro foundations of institutional impacts. In Volume 48B, the focus is on the macro consequences of institutional arrangements. Our introduction provides an overview to the two volumes, identifies points of contact between the papers, and briefly summarizes each contribution. We close by noting avenues for future research on how institutions matter. Overall, the volumes provide a cross-section of cutting edge institutional thought and empirical research, highlighting a variety of fruitful directions for knowledge accumulation and development.
On-site detection of Xylella fastidiosa in host plants and in “spy insects” using the real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification method

A recent severe outbreak of Xylella fastidiosa associated with ‘olive quick decline syndrome’ (OQDS) was reported in Apulia (Southern Italy). In this study an on-site real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (real-time LAMP) was developed for detecting X. fastidiosa in host plants and insects. A marked simplification of the DNA extraction procedure was obtained by heating the samples in a portable Smart-Dart device and using an optimized enhancer reaction buffer. The connection to a tablet or Smartphone allowed to visualize the results of the reaction in real time. Compared to PCR and ELISA, with which it showed comparable results in terms of sensitivity and reliability in the X. fastidiosa detection, this simplified real-time LAMP procedure proved to be “user friendly”, displaying the advantages to be an on-site detection method of easy handling, rapid execution and low cost.
Theoretical Study of the Lowest 1BU States of trans-Stilbene

The results of a theoretical study of the ground state, 1[1]A[g], and of the lowest [1]B[u] states of trans-stilbene are presented. The vertical and adiabatic excitation energies of the lowest [1]B[u] states have been computed using multiconfigurational SCF theory, followed by second-order perturbation theory. It is shown that the two lowest excited states are separated by a small energy gap in the Franck−Condon region. They are the 1[1]B[u], characterized by the HOMO→LUMO single excitation substantially localized on the ethylenic moiety, and the 2[1]B[u], formed by a combination of one electron excitations localized mainly on the benzene rings. The most intense transition is found to be the lowest in energy when the interaction between different states is included at the level of second-order perturbation theory. The vibronic structure of emission and absorption spectra of the two lowest [1]B[u] states have been determined within the Franck−Condon approximation. The spectrum calculated for the 11Bu state agrees with the experimental spectrum, while the low intensity band computed for the 2[1]B[u] state has no experimental counterpart. It is concluded that this band is buried in the strong 1[1]B[u] absorption and therefore not observed.