Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome in patients with previous pulmonary embolism

Summary There is little information available about the true incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) after pulmonary embolism (PE). The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of PTS in patients with previous pulmonary embolism without concomitant ultrasonographically-detectable deep vein thrombosis (DVT). A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single tertiary care centre, Cosenza, Italy. Forty-seven consecutive patients with proved PE without DVT within the previous 2 to 6 years, 45 patients with previous DVT in the same years, and 45 patients with diseases unrelated to venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) underwent a blind assessment for PTS using a clinical score. Two of 47 (4.2%, 95%CI: 0.01-9.9) patients with PE, 2 of 45 (4.4%, 95%CI: 0.01-10.4) patients with diseases unrelated to VTE, and 23 of 45 (53.3%, 95%CI: 38.7-67.9) patients with DVT showed signs and symptoms of PTS. The difference between the first two groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.7). In conclusion, the incidence of PTS after pulmonary embolism without DVT is low, and no different from that of patients without previous VTE.
Multiple primary cancers. Relative risk in new Mexico's triethnic population

A review of the population‐based New Mexico Tumor Registry data identified 446 patients with nonsimultaneous multiple primary cancers, excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers and carcinomas in situ of the uterine cervix. Expected numbers of cases were established by observing the person‐years of exposure to the risk of developing a second or subsequent primary cancer and then applying the appropriate locally determined age‐, sex‐, ethnic‐, and site‐specific cancer incidence rates. The relative risk (observed/expected) of developing a second primary cancer was elevated for “Anglo” and Spanish American cancer patients in comparison with the risk of developing a first primary cancer in persons who have never had one. Only six cases of nonsimultaneous multiple primary cancer were observed (6.39 expected) in the region's American Indian population. There were differences in site‐site associations among the three ethnic groups, but in many categories there were too few cases for analysis.
Mechanism of copper-catalyzed oxidation of glutathione.

The mechanism of copper-catalyzed glutathione oxidation was investigated using oxygen consumption, thiol depletion, spectroscopy and hydroxyl radical detection. The mechanism of oxidation has kinetics which appear biphasic. During the first reaction phase a stoichiometric amount of oxygen is consumed (1 mole oxygen per 4 moles thiol) with minimal . OH production. In the second reaction phase, additional (excess) oxygen is consumed at an increased rate and with significant hydrogen peroxide and . OH production. The kinetic and spectroscopic data suggest that copper forms a catalytic complex with glutathione (1 mole copper per 2 moles glutathione). Our proposed reaction mechanism assumes two parallel processes (superoxide-dependent and peroxide-dependent) for the first reaction phase and superoxide-independent for the second phase. Our current results indicate that glutathione, usually considered as an antioxidant, can act as prooxidant at physiological conditions and therefore can participate in cellular radical damage.
Prevalence of Overweight in High School Students with Special Reference to Cardiovascular Efficiency

Background: In India, malnutrition has two ends. Under nutrition attracted the focus of health workers, as it is more prevalent. But over the past few years, childhood obesity is increasingly being observed with the changing lifestyle of families with increased purchasing power, increasing hours of inactivity due to television, video games and computers have replaced outdoor games and other social activities. Globally, an estimated 10% of school-aged children, between 5 and 17 years of age, are overweight and obese. Obesity can be seen as first wave of a defined cluster of non-communicable diseases called “New World Syndrome” creating an enormous socio-economic and public health burden in poorer countries. The most important consequence of childhood obesity is its persistence into adulthood with all its health risks like dyslipidemia, hyper-insulinemia, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, gall bladder disease, hypertension and some sex hormone- sensitive cancers. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to determine the prevalence of overweight in high school students and to study the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and cardiovascular efficiency. Methodology: A school based cross sectional study was conducted in 2 schools of Nagpur. The total number of students included in the study was 565. Student’s complete information regarding profile was taken in pretested questionnaire format after taking informed consent of parents. The anthropometric measurements of the students were done. Student’s height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. The student’s cardiovascular efficiency was assessed with the help of Harvard step test. Statistical Analysis: The data was analyzed using Epi info version 3.4. 1 software. Chi-square test was used as test of significance and p value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: 90.97% students belonged to 13, 14 and 15 years of age group. majority of the students belong to 14 years (33.81), followed by 13 years (33.27) and 15 years (23.89) of age group respectively. The prevalence of overweight in students was 5.84% and obesity was 0.35%. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 6.19%. The prevalence of overweight in boys is 5.31% and obesity was 0.63% and that in girls is 6.53% and 0% respectively. The association between Harvard step test and overweight was found to be statistically significant (p< 0.000001). Conclusion: The total prevalence of overweight and obesity was 6.19%. The association between Harvard step test and overweight was found to be statistically significant (p< 0.000001).
Cognitive–behavioural therapy v. structured care for medically unexplained symptoms: randomised controlled trial

Background A pilot trial in Sri Lanka among patients with medically unexplained symptoms revealed that cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) administered by a psychiatrist was efficacious Aims To evaluate CBT provided by primary care physicians in a comparison with structured care Method A randomised control trial (n=75 in each arm) offered six 30 min sessions of structured care or therapy. The outcomes of the two interventions were compared at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months Results In each arm, 64 patients (85%) completed the three mandatory sessions. No difference was observed between groups in mean scores on the General Health Questionnaire or the Bradford Somatic Inventory, or in number of complaints or patient-initiated consultations at 3 months. For both groups, all outcome measures improved at 3 months, and remained constant in the follow-up assessments Conclusions Cognitive–behavioural therapy given by primary care physicians after a short course of training is no more efficacious than structured care. Natural remission is an unlikely explanation for improvements in people with chronic medically unexplained symptoms, but lack of a ‘treatment as usual’ arm limits further conclusions. Further research on enhanced structured care, medical assessment and structured care incorporating simple elements of CBT principles is worthy of consideration
HBV Primary Drug Resistance in Newly Diagnosed HIV–Hbv-Coinfected Individuals in Spain

Background The wide use of lamivudine (3TC) as oral therapy for chronic HBV infection has favoured the selection and circulation of 3TC-resistant HBV strains worldwide. Although transmission of 3TC-resistant HBV variants has been reported only sporadically, few studies have been conducted in the HIV population where exposure to 3TC has been greater forming part of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. Methods All individuals positive for serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection, naive to ART and enrolled in the Spanish HIV cohort (CoRIS) since 2004 were identified. The HBV polymerase gene was sequenced and drug resistance mutations were characterized retrospectively in stored frozen plasma specimens. Results From 4,419 ART-naive HIV-1-infected individuals, 223 (5.1%) were positive for serum HBsAg. Baseline stored sera were available for 84 patients, of whom 73 could be characterized virologically. This population was mainly represented by men who had sex with men (52.1%), native Spaniards (65.7%) and Latin Americans (16.4%). The mean age was 36 years, mean CD4+ T-cell count 375 cells/mm3 and mean plasma HIV RNA 4.5 log10 copies/ml. The HBV genotype distribution was 64% A, 20% F, 12% D and 4% others. Drug-resistant mutations in the HBV polymerase were found in four (5.5%) patients: two harboured rtL180M, one rtL80V and one rtV173L. Conclusions The rate of primary drug resistance in HBV among newly diagnosed HIV–HBV-coinfected patients in Spain is currently low (5.5%) and restricted to 3TC. Thus, HBV drug resistance testing before prescription of oral antiviral therapy is not warranted, although periodic surveillance might be recommended.
Reliability of Acute Pancreatitis Diagnosis Coding in a National Patient Register: A Validation Study in Sweden

Aim: National patient registers are powerful tools in epidemiological research and healthcare administration. As the level of reliability of diagnoses that are partly based on clinical signs, such as acute pancreatitis, may be low, the reliability of discharge diagnoses in these registers needs to be validated. The main aim of this study was to validate the diagnosis coding for acute pancreatitis in the Swedish National Patient Register. Method: We randomly sampled 650 admissions of all patients registered in the Swedish National Patient Register with acute pancreatitis or other nonmalignant pancreatic disorders as the main diagnosis in 2007 and 1998, and as the secondary diagnosis in 2007. The medical records for these admissions were reviewed. We analyzed the concordance between the coding of acute pancreatitis in the Swedish National Patient Register and criteria based on internationally accepted diagnostic standards. Results: We received 603 medical records for manual review. Among the 530 patients with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in the Swedish National Patient Register, 442 (83%) were, after review, defined as definitive acute pancreatitis, 80 (15%) as probable acute pancreatitis, and 8 (2%) as no acute pancreatitis. There were no significant differences in the reliability of the diagnosis with regard to sex, age, time period or whether the patient had been treated at a county or university hospital. Among the 73 patients registered with a non-malignant pancreatic disorder other than acute pancreatitis, the number of false-negative cases of acute pancreatitis was 23 (32%). They were mainly found among patients registered with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. Conclusion: The Swedish National Patient Register is highly reliable as regards correct coding of acute pancreatitis. However, there seems to be a non-negligible share of false-negative cases of acute pancreatitis among patients registered with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.
L'intégration des TIC dans l'enseignement des SVT au Maroc : réalité et attentes

Les TIC sont des outils educatifs puissants, plusieurs actions visent leur integration dans le systeme educatif marocain; toutefois, il n’y a pas une reelle integration pedagogique dans les actes d’apprentissage ou d’evaluation en SVT . La presente etude a ete etablie essentiellement dans le but de decrire la situation actuelle des TIC dans l’enseignement des SVT et de definir les attentes relatives au sujet. Les resultats de recherche statistiques, les observations directes et indirectes ainsi que des tests d’evaluation nous ont permis de retenir que, la plupart des enseignants en SVT et des eleves du secondaire possedent des outils informatiques de base avec acces a Internet, et la plupart des etablissements scolaires sont relativement equipes de moyens informatiques de base sans generalement avoir un acces facile a l’Internet. Le scanner, l’imprimante et la camera numerique sont souvent absents, pourtant ce sont des outils fondamentaux en SVT . De meme, on a note l’ignorance de certains logiciels de traitement d’images ou de video ainsi que les logiciels de production d’animations ou de didacticiels d’apprentissage. Le videoprojecteur est souvent en nombre insuffisant ou meme absent dans certains etablissements, en plus son utilisation manque d’interactivite dans la plupart des cas. Enfin la majorite des enseignants et des apprenants reclament ne pas avoir beneficie d’une formation dans les TIC , leur bagage informatique est issu essentiellement d’autoformation. Pour cela ils souhaitent presque tous beneficier de formations continues dans ce domaine en evolution permanente.
Cell growth‐dependent subcellular localization of p8

p8 is a stress‐induced protein, biochemically related to the architectural factor HMG‐I/Y, overexpressed in many cancers and required for tumor expansion. The molecular mechanisms by which p8 may exert its effect in aspects of growth is unknown. Using immunocytochemistry, we found that p8 presents nuclear localization in sub‐confluent cells, but it localizes throughout the whole cell in high density grown cells. Cells arrested in Go/G1, either by serum deprivation or by hydroxyurea treatment, show a nucleo‐cytoplasmic localization of p8, whether in the rest of the cell cycle stages of actively dividing cells the localization is nuclear. A comparison of p8 sequences from human to fly predicts a conserved bipartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS). The putative NLS has been demonstrated to be functional, since nuclear import is energy dependent (inhibited by sodium azide plus 2‐deoxyglucose), and fusion proteins GFP–p8 and GFP–NLSp8 localize to the nucleus, whereas GFP–p8NLSmut in which with Lys 65, 69, 76, and 77 mutated to Ala localized to the whole cell. p8 localization does not involve the CRM1 transporter, since it is insensitive to leptomycin B. Inhibitors of MAPK pathways did not affect p8 subcellular localization. The inhibition of deacetylation with Trichostatin A promotes cytoplasmic accumulation of p8. The results suggest that p8 growth stage‐dependent localization is regulated by acetylation, that p8 is not free within the cell but forming part of a complex and that it may exert a role in both subcellular localizations. J. Cell. Biochem. 97: 1066–1079, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activity of fin muscles and fin motoneurons during swimming motor pattern in the lamprey

Coordination of motoneuron activity is a fundamental prerequisite for the generation of functional locomotor patterns. We investigate the neural mechanisms that coordinate activity of motoneuron pools in the vertebrate spinal cord with differing phases of activity in the locomotor cycle in a simple motor system, the lamprey swimming network. In the region of dorsal fins the lamprey spinal cord contains two groups of motoneurons: the myotomal motoneurons that innervate the trunk muscles; and the fin motoneurons controlling muscle fibres of the dorsal fins. We investigated the activity of fin muscles during swimming in vivo and that of fin motoneurons during fictive swimming in vitro. During swimming in vivo with cycle periods of 4–8 Hz, fin muscle activity covered a broad portion of the cycle, with the peak of activity out‐of‐phase to the ipsilateral myotomal muscles. During fictive swimming evoked by N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate in the isolated spinal cord, fin motoneurons expressed similar out‐of‐phase activity. The phase relationship of the synaptic drive to fin motoneurons was examined by recording their activity intracellular during fictive swimming. Three different forms of membrane potential oscillation with different time courses in the locomotor cycle could be distinguished. Sagittal lesions of the spinal cord in the segment where fin motoneurons are recorded and up to one segment rostral and caudal from it did not influence the out‐of‐phase activity pattern of the motoneurons. Our results indicate that coordination of fin motoneuron activity with the locomotor activity of myotomal motoneurons does not depend on intrasegmental contralateral premotor elements.
Comparison of the Effect of Various Chemical Peeling Agents in a Mini‐Pig Model

BACKGROUND With the advent of newer chemical peels, there is now a wide range of peeling agents that can be applied on specific patients. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to closely examine the more common chemical peeling agents at different concentrations. METHODS The study methods were carried out by thoroughly cleansing the skin surface with acetone. Different concentrations of the chemical peels were applied on different skin areas (2 × 2 cm each) and left on the skin for 15 minutes: phenol‐Bakers, 25%, 50%, 75%, 88%; trichloroacetic acid, 25%, 50%, 75%; glycolic acid, 50%, 70%; and pyruvic acid, 50%, 100%. Serial biopsies were taken from each peeling site at 1, 7, and 21 days post‐peel. Biopsies were then evaluated for epidermal changes, inflammation, and collagen deposition. RESULTS The results show that Bakers phenol peel caused the most inflammation and nonspecific reaction, and in addition, a proportionate amount of new collagen deposition. Plus, increasing concentrations of phenol and TCA caused increasing amount of epidermal sloughing and inflammation after 1 day post‐peel. The extent of reaction from the phenol and TCA was directly proportional to the collagen deposition at 21 days. CONCLUSIONS The glycolic acid and pyruvic acid caused minimal nonspecific reaction. However, the collagen deposition caused by the glycolic acid and pyruvic acid was disproportionately increased suggesting a direct stimulatory effect by the two agents.
Reinforced Self-Attention Network: a Hybrid of Hard and Soft Attention for Sequence Modeling

Many natural language processing tasks solely rely on sparse dependencies between a few tokens in a sentence. Soft attention mechanisms show promising performance in modeling local/global dependencies by soft probabilities between every two tokens, but they are not effective and efficient when applied to long sentences. By contrast, hard attention mechanisms directly select a subset of tokens but are difficult and inefficient to train due to their combinatorial nature. In this paper, we integrate both soft and hard attention into one context fusion model, "reinforced self-attention (ReSA)", for the mutual benefit of each other. In ReSA, a hard attention trims a sequence for a soft self-attention to process, while the soft attention feeds reward signals back to facilitate the training of the hard one. For this purpose, we develop a novel hard attention called "reinforced sequence sampling (RSS)", selecting tokens in parallel and trained via policy gradient. Using two RSS modules, ReSA efficiently extracts the sparse dependencies between each pair of selected tokens. We finally propose an RNN/CNN-free sentence-encoding model, "reinforced self-attention network (ReSAN)", solely based on ReSA. It achieves state-of-the-art performance on both the Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) and the Sentences Involving Compositional Knowledge (SICK) datasets.
Physiochemical properties and reproducibility of air-based sodium tetradecyl sulphate foam using the Tessari method

Objectives The objectives were to examine the density, bubble size distribution and durability of sodium tetradecyl sulphate foam and the consistency of production of foam by a number of different operators using the Tessari method. Methods 1% and 3% sodium tetradecyl sulphate sclerosant foam was produced by an experienced operator and a group of inexperienced operators using either a 1:3 or 1:4 liquid:air ratio and the Tessari method. The foam density, bubble size distribution and foam durability were measured on freshly prepared foam from each operator. Results The foam density measurements were similar for each of the 1:3 preparations and for each of the 1:4 preparations but not affected by the sclerosant concentration. The bubble size for all preparations were very small immediately after preparation but progressively coalesced to become a micro-foam (<250 µm) after the first 30 s up until 2 min. Both the 1% and 3% solution foams developed liquid more rapidly when made in a 1:3 ratio (37 s) than in a 1:4 ratio (45 s) but all combinations took similar times to reach 0.4 ml liquid formation. For all the experiments, there was no statistical significant difference between operators. Conclusions The Tessari method of foam production for sodium tetradecyl sulphate sclerosant is consistent and reproducible even when made by inexperienced operators. The best quality foam with micro bubbles should be used within the first minute after production.
Comparison of patients with fulminant versus near-miss fulminant druginduced hepatitis

This study aimed to investigate and compare clinical and laboratory properties of patients with fulminant versus near-miss fulminant drug-induced hepatitis and the effect of these properties on mortality. Drug-induced hepatitis is the most common cause of acute liver failure in western countries. In severe drug-induced hepatitis, once encephalopathy develops, prognosis is poor without liver transplantation. Therefore, it is important to predict prognosis and know the clinical differences between patients developing encephalopathy and patients without encephalopathy. Patients with severe drug-induced hepatitis were researched retrospectively. The identified patients were divided into two groups: with encephalopathy (fulminant hepatitis; 25 patients) and without encephalopathy (near-miss fulminant hepatitis; 48 patients). The clinical properties and biochemical results of the two groups were compared, and parameters that could have an effect on mortality were evaluated. Hemoglobin, platelet count, albumin, and fibrinogen levels were found to be decreased, whereas, International Normalized Ratio (INR), total bilirubin, AST, LDH, lactate, and ammonia levels were found to be increased significantly in the fulminant hepatitis group. Creatinine, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, and platelet count were found to be independent risk factors on mortality. The development of hepatic encephalopathy negatively impacts patient survival. Therefore, the prediction of a progression to fulminant hepatitis before hepatic encephalopathy develops and the clinical follow-up of patients accordingly are important issues. This study can provide significant insight into patients with severe drug-induced hepatitis.
Bacillus thuringiensis associated with faeces of the Kerama‐jika, Cervus nippon keramae, a wild deer indigenous to the Ryukyus, Japan

Faeces of the Kerama‐jika (Cervus nippon keramae), a wild shika deer indigenous to the Ryukyus, Japan, were examined for the natural occurrence of Bacillus thuringiensis. Of the ten faecal samples tested, seven contained this organism. The frequency of B. thuringiensis was 8.5% among 387 colonies of spore‐forming bacteria belonging to the Bacillus cereus/B. thuringiensis group. Of 33 B. thuringiensis isolates recovered, only one isolate, assigned to the serotype H3abc (serovar kurstaki), exhibited dual toxicity against larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, and the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. All of 32 other isolates were serologically untypable or untestable, and were non‐toxic to larvae of the two insect species.