Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental Expression of the μ, κ, and δ Opioid Receptor mRNAs in Mouse

To characterize further the establishment of the opioid system during prenatal mouse development, we have examined the spatial and temporal expression patterns of μ, κ, and δ opioid receptor mRNAs and find that the expression patterns of these mRNAs are distinct at all ages. Within the embryo, κ is the first opioid receptor expressed, with transcripts detected in the gut epithelium as early as embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5). By E10.5, μ receptor expression is first detected in the facial–vestibulocochlear preganglion complex, whereas δ receptor mRNA is first detected at E12.5 in several peripheral tissues, including the olfactory epithelium, heart, limb bud, and tooth. In the brain, both μ and κ mRNAs are first detected at E11.5 in the basal ganglia and midbrain, respectively. During mid-gestation and late gestation, the expression of both μ and κ receptors extends to other brain regions that exhibit high expression in the adult, including the medial habenula, hypothalamus, pons, and medulla for μ and the basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, raphe, and ventral tegmental area for κ. Thus by E17.5, many aspects of the adult expression patterns of μ and κ receptors already have been established. Compared with μ and κ, δ receptor mRNA expression in the brain begins relatively late, and the expression levels remain very low even at E19.5. In contrast to its late appearance in the brain, however, δ is the first opioid receptor expressed in the dorsal root ganglion, at E12.5, before its expression in the spinal cord begins at E15.5. μ receptor is the first opioid receptor expressed in the spinal cord, at E11.5. These results extend previous ligand-binding data to significantly earlier ages and suggest that early developmental events in both neural and non-neural tissues may be modulated by opioid receptors. Several examples of possible autocrine and paracrine loops of opioid peptide and receptor expression have been identified, suggesting a role for these local circuits in developmental processes.
Gender differences in school anger

This study examined gender differences in the affective, behavioural, and cognitive components of anger in 102 students completing their first year of high school. Results supported not only the hypothesis that girls and boys do not differ in their experience (affective) of anger but also the belief that girls are more likely to express positively (behavioural) their anger than boys. Additionally, results supported the expectation that boys are more hostile (cognitive) towards school than girls. Suggestions for future research and the relevance of the findings for schools are also addressed.
Joint source channel coding with MC-CDMA in capacity approach

In conventional system of wireless communication the source and the channel coding are used in different modules that increases the system complexity, cost and overall processing period. To make it more efficient, both the source and channel coding modules are combined in a single processing block, which not only decreases the system complexity but also reduces the overall processing cost. Multi Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) technique which is a combination of CDMA and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) provides higher capacity. The proposed approach combines joint source channel coding with MC-CDMA. Through integrity check and receiver control mechanism, our system is able to subscribe to a desired broadcast session. The proposed approach result in a capacity which is nearly equals to the upper bound of the ratio CH where C is the channel capacity and H is the entropy of the source.
Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, RANLP 2011, 12-14 September, 2011, Hissar, Bulgaria

The Knowledge Base Population (KBP) task, being run for the past 3 years by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, is the latest in a series of multi-site evaluations of information extraction, following in the tradition of MUC and ACE. We examine the structure of KBP, emphasizing the basic shift from sentence-by-sentence and document-by-document evaluation to corpus-based extraction and the challenges it raises for cross-sentence and cross-document processing. We consider the problems raised by the limited amount and incompleteness of the training data, and how this has been (partly) addressed through such methods as semi-supervised learning and distant supervision. We describe some of the optional tasks which have been included – rapid task adaptation (last year), temporal analysis (this year), cross-lingual extraction (planned for next year) – and others which have been suggested.
Low Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Do Not Predict the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in an Iranian High-Risk Population: The Isfahan Diabetes Prevention Study.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the ability of low-level fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) to predict the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in an Iranian high-risk population. METHODS Seven-year follow-up data (n = 1,775) in non-diabetic first-degree relatives (FDR) of consecutive patients with T2D aged 30-70 years were analyzed. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of T2D based on repeated oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for the incidence of T2D across quartiles of HDLC, and plotted a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to assess discrimination. RESULTS The highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile of HDLC was associated with T2D in age- and gender-adjusted models (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.95). Further adjustment for fasting plasma glucose and cholesterol attenuated the association for T2D incidence (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.80-1.08). The area under the ROC curve for HDLC was 54.1% (95% CI: 50.2-58.0). CONCLUSIONS HDLC level was a weak predictor of T2D in an Iranian high-risk population, independent of age and gender.
Stationary-phase mutation in the bacterial chromosome: Recombination protein and DNA polymerase IV dependence

Several microbial systems have been shown to yield advantageous mutations in slowly growing or nongrowing cultures. In one assay system, the stationary-phase mutation mechanism differs from growth-dependent mutation, demonstrating that the two are different processes. This system assays reversion of a lac frameshift allele on an F′ plasmid in Escherichia coli. The stationary-phase mutation mechanism at lac requires recombination proteins of the RecBCD double-strand-break repair system and the inducible error-prone DNA polymerase IV, and the mutations are mostly −1 deletions in small mononucleotide repeats. This mutation mechanism is proposed to occur by DNA polymerase errors made during replication primed by recombinational double-strand-break repair. It has been suggested that this mechanism is confined to the F plasmid. However, the cells that acquire the adaptive mutations show hypermutation of unrelated chromosomal genes, suggesting that chromosomal sites also might experience recombination protein-dependent stationary-phase mutation. Here we test directly whether the stationary-phase mutations in the bacterial chromosome also occur via a recombination protein- and pol IV-dependent mechanism. We describe an assay for chromosomal mutation in cells carrying the F′ lac. We show that the chromosomal mutation is recombination protein- and pol IV-dependent and also is associated with general hypermutation. The data indicate that, at least in these male cells, recombination protein-dependent stationary-phase mutation is a mechanism of general inducible genetic change capable of affecting genes in the bacterial chromosome.
Predicting nursing home placement among home- and community-based services program participants.

BACKGROUND Several states offer publicly funded-care management programs to prevent long-term care placement of high-risk Medicaid beneficiaries. Understanding participant risk factors and services that may prevent long-term care placement can facilitate efficient allocation of program resources. OBJECTIVES To develop a practical prediction model to identify participants in a home- and community-based services program who are at highest risk for long-term nursing home placement, and to examine participant-level and program-level predictors of nursing home placement. STUDY DESIGN In a retrospective observational study, we used deidentified data for participants in the Connecticut Home Care Program for Elders who completed an annual assessment survey between 2005 and 2010. METHODS We analyzed data on patient characteristics, use of program services, and short-term facility admissions in the previous year. We used logistic regression models with random effects to predict nursing home placement. The main outcome measures were long-term nursing home placement within 180 days or 1 year of assessment. RESULTS Among 10,975 study participants, 1249 (11.4%) had nursing home placement within 1 year of annual assessment. Risk factors included Alzheimer's disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.18-1.43), money management dependency (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.18-1.51), living alone (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.31-1.80), and number of prior short-term skilled nursing facility stays (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.31-1.62). Use of a personal care assistance service was associated with 46% lower odds of nursing home placement. The model C statistic was 0.76 in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS A model using information from a home- and community-based service program had strong discrimination to predict risk of long-term nursing home placement and can be used to identify high-risk participants for targeted interventions.
Relationship between Susceptibility to Daptomycin In Vitro and Activity In Vivo in a Rabbit Model of Aortic Valve Endocarditis

ABSTRACT Daptomycin is approved for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and right-sided endocarditis. Increases in daptomycin MICs have been associated with failure. A rabbit model of aortic valve endocarditis was used to determine whether MIC correlates with activity in vivo and whether a higher daptomycin dose can improve efficacy. Two related clinical S. aureus strains, one with a daptomycin MIC of 0.5 μg/ml and the other with a MIC of 2 μg/ml, were used to establish aortic valve endocarditis in rabbits. Daptomycin was administered once a day for 4 days at 12 mg/kg of body weight or 18 mg/kg to simulate doses in humans of 6 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Endocardial vegetations, spleens, and kidneys were harvested and quantitatively cultured. The strain with a MIC of 2 μg/ml had a survival advantage over the strain with a MIC of 0.5 μg/ml with >100 times more organisms of the former in endocardial vegetations at the 12-mg/kg dose in a dual-infection model. Both the 12-mg/kg dose and the 18-mg/kg dose completely eradicated the strain with a MIC of 0.5 from vegetations, spleens, and kidneys. The 12-mg/kg dose was ineffective against the strain with a MIC of 2 in vegetations; the 18-mg/kg dose produced a reduction of 3 log10 units in CFU in vegetations compared to the controls, although in no rabbit were organisms completely eliminated. Increasing the dose of daptomycin may improve its efficacy for infections caused by strains with reduced daptomycin susceptibility.
Switching-Sequence Control of a Higher Order Power-Electronic System Driving a Pulsating Load

In a conventional linear-control design of a higher order power-electronic system (PES), the gains of the control laws are typically determined by small-signal analysis of the averaged model of the PES. The closed-loop control of such a PES (driving a pulsating load that periodically shifts the equilibrium) using its small-signal model is often found to be unsatisfactory with regard to the overall stability and performance. To address the challenges in control design for a PES driving such a nonlinear time-varying pulsating load, this paper delineates an optimal switching-sequence-based control (SBC) scheme, which applies stability-bound switching sequence(s) to the PES. A novel method has been formulated to ensure the reachability of the PES dynamics based on its switching sequence in terms of the time horizon of the switching sequence and the allocation of this time among the switching states of the same switching sequence. This is ascertained by modeling the PES and the pulsating load as a nonlinear map and then using this map and multiple Lyapunov functions determined by solving a set of linear-matrix inequalities corresponding to each of the switching states of a given switching sequence. It has been further shown that the knowledge of the stability bounds of a reachable switching sequence helps in reducing the online computation time for optimal SBC associated with solving the optimization problem by reducing the overall search space. Finally, to validate the optimal SBC, an experimental GaN-FET-based 100-kHz Ćuk-PES has been fabricated and tested on a pulsating load. The overall SBC is implemented on a low-cost TMS320F28335 DSP, which also implements an observer to preclude the need for plurality of sensors for the higher order Ćuk-PES. The overall performance of the SBC is found to be satisfactory under varied dynamical conditions.
An isolated unusual digit metastasis from esophageal carcinoma: a case report

Distant soft tissue tumor metastasis isolated in the digit, presenting as a primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is considered extremely rare. Herein, we present a rare case of a 44-year-old male patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus associated with the clinical symptoms of progressive dysphagia and hoarseness in the course of 2 days. During the second course of chemotherapy, the patient sustained a fall with scald to his right ring finger, while the swelling in the right ring finger was soft, cystic and 2.0×1.8 cm in size. Then, phalangectomy was performed in his right ring finger and pathologic diagnosis was considered metastasis from the esophagus. Unfortunately, the patient succumbed to this disease within 2 months of diagnosis of metastasis. In conclusion, detection of soft tissue metastasis may have prognostic implications, providing more accessible biopsy sites and helping avoid invasive procedures.
A 17.5–26 GHz Low-Noise Amplifier With Over 8 kV ESD Protection in 65 nm CMOS

By the electrostatic discharge (ESD)/matching co-design methodology, a wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA) using a grounded spiral inductor in conjunction with a MOM capacitor for ESD protection and wideband matching is demonstrated in a 65 nm CMOS. The shunt inductor provides an effective bidirectional ESD protection to the ground and the series capacitor greatly enhances the breakdown level in the current discharge path. The measurement results demonstrate an over 8 kV human-body-model ESD protection level with almost no RF characteristic degradation after ESD zapping. Under a power consumption of 5.6 mW, the ESD-protected LNA presents a flat NF and power gain of 3.3-3.9 dB and 16.6-17.9 dB, respectively, in the frequency range of 18.5-24.5 GHz, and a 3 dB bandwidth of 17.5-26 GHz is achieved.
Short bowel syndrome and small bowel transplantation

Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to provide an update of recent advances in the areas of short bowel syndrome (SBS) and small bowel transplantation (SBT). Recent findings Recent reports from two of the largest multicenter randomized, controlled trials in patients with SBS support the safety and efficacy of teduglutide as an aid to parenteral nutrition weaning. In well selected SBS patients, outcomes as diverse as survival, macronutrient absorption and parenteral nutrition weaning are improved after autologous gastrointestinal reconstructive surgery. SBT is no longer considered investigational and given improved outcomes noted in recent reports, indications for transplantation are expanding. Although SBT early survival rates are approaching those of other organ allografts, long-term graft survival remains suboptimal. Summary Recently available trophic factors hold promise as aids in restoring freedom from parenteral nutrition support; however, their long-term benefits, preferred timing of administration in relation to the onset of SBS, optimal patient selection for use, duration of treatment and cost effectiveness require further study. Despite recent evidence of improved early survival after SBT, more dedicated research is needed to design more effective strategies to better tolerize small bowel grafts, prevent rejection and, ultimately, improve long-term outcomes. Reserved for well selected patients, autologous gastrointestinal reconstruction should be considered complementary and not antagonistic to SBT.
The role of turbulence–flow interactions in L- to H-mode transition dynamics: recent progress

Recent experimental and simulation work has substantially advanced the understanding of L-mode plasma edge turbulence and plasma flows and their mutual interaction across the L–H transition. Flow acceleration and E × B shear flow amplification via the turbulent Reynolds stress have been directly observed in multiple devices, using multi-tip probe arrays, Doppler backscattering, beam emission spectroscopy, and gas puff imaging diagnostics. L–H transitions characterized by limit-cycle oscillations (LCO) allow probing of the trigger dynamics and the synergy of turbulence-driven and pressure-gradient-driven flows with high spatio-temporal resolution. L-mode turbulent structures exhibit characteristic changes in topology (tilting) and temporal and radial correlation preceding the L–H transition. Long-range toroidal flow correlations increase preceding edge-transport-barrier formation. The energy transfer from the turbulence spectrum to large-scale axisymmetric flows has been quantified in L-LCO and fast L–H transitions in several devices. After formation of a transient barrier, the increasing ion pressure gradient (via the E × B flow shear associated with diamagnetic flow) sustains fluctuation suppression and secures the transition to H-mode. Heuristic models of the L–H trigger dynamics have progressed from 0D predator–prey models to 1D extended models, including neoclassical ion flow-damping and pressure-gradient evolution. Initial results from 2D and 3D reduced fluid models have been obtained for high-collisionality regimes.
Twitter Adoption and Use by SMEs: An Empirical Study

Social media tools are used by firms to create and capture business value. In this study, we synthesize emerging literature on social commerce, social media, and the diffusion of innovation to identify the role that organizational, managerial and environmental characteristics of SMEs play in the adoption of Twitter. To test the model, we administered a survey to 453 SME mangers from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and India. The results of logistic hierarchical regression indicate that firm innovativeness, age and geographic location have a significant impact on Twitter adoption by SMEs. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Compact Single-Mode Silicon Hybrid Rib/Strip Waveguide With Adiabatic Bends

We report a low-loss, hybrid silicon waveguide geometry that consists of straight rib sections with a propagation loss of 0.27 ± 0.012 dB/cm and compact photonic wire bends. The rib and wire waveguides are both single mode and connected through a short double-etched linear taper section. To reduce bend losses, circular bends were combined with variable adiabatic seminatural spline shapes with only a limited footprint penalty.
Blood group incidence and Escherichia coli bacterial sepsis

Many strains of Escherichia coli possess an antigen that reacts with naturally occurring antibodies to human red cell B antigens. The authors tested the hypothesis that the presence of naturally occurring anti‐B isoagglutinins afford protection against the development of E. coli septicemia. The blood groups found in 115 patients with E. coli septicemia were compared with those found in three “control” populations: 138 patients with septicemia due to other organisms, 23,135 hospitalized patients, and 40,038 normal blood donors. The relative incidence of B and AB blood groups (not containing anti‐B antibodies) was significantly higher than A and O blood groups (containing anti‐B antibodies) in the group with E. coli septicemia. This finding supports the hypothesis.
Robust ℋ∞ non-synchronized state estimation of uncertain discrete-time piecewise affine slab systems

This paper investigates the problem of robust ℋ∞ state estimation for a class of uncertain discrete-time piecewise affine systems where state space instead of measurable output space partitions are assumed so that the filter implementation may not be synchronized with plant state trajectory transitions. The objective is to design an admissible state estimator guaranteeing the asymptotic stability of the resulting filtering error system with a prescribed ℋ∞ disturbance attenuation level. Based on a piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function combined with S-procedure and some matrix inequality convexifying techniques, two different approaches are developed to the robust filtering design for the underlying piecewise affine systems. It is shown that the filter gains can be obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which are numerically efficient with commercially available software. Finally, a simulation example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Nutrient-stimulated glucagon-like peptide 1 release after body-weight loss and weight maintenance in human subjects

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone that is released in response to nutrient ingestion. Postprandial GLP-1 release has been reported to be attenuated in obese subjects, but reports on the effect of weight loss on GLP-1 are conflicting. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of a weight-loss period and a consecutive weight-maintenance period on nutrient-stimulated GLP-1 release in obese subjects. Nutrient-stimulated (standard breakfast; 1·9MJ) GLP-1 release was investigated in thirty-two obese subjects on three occasions: before weight loss (T1) (BMI 30·0 (sd 2·5) kg/m2); after a 6-week very-low-energy diet (VLED) (T2) (BMI 27·6 (sd 2·3) kg/m2); after a 3-month weight-maintenance period (T3) (BMI 27·9 (sd 2·3) kg/m2). At each occasion, following a fasting blood sample the test meal was fed and blood was drawn every 30min for 2h relative to ingestion in order to determine plasma GLP-1, insulin, glucose and NEFA concentrations. Subjects lost 7 (sd 3·4) kg during the VLED (P<0·0001) and regained 1 (sd 3·2) kg during the weight-maintenance period (NS). The area under the curve for nutrient-stimulated plasma GLP-1 (pmol/l×h) was significantly decreased (P=0·01) at T2 (6·8 (sd 1)) compared with T1 (12·8 (sd 2·9)) and T3 (11·1 (sd 1·5)). Since we found a rebound of concentrations after a weight-maintenance period, decrease after weight loss seems to be transient and possibly due to a negative energy balance.