Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ship noise in an urban estuary extends to frequencies used for echolocation by endangered killer whales

PeerJ PrePrints | https://dx.doi. org/10.7287/peerj.preprints. 955v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 2 Apr 2015, publ: 2 Apr 2015 P re P rin ts Combining calibrated hydrophone measurements with vessel location data from the Automatic Identification System, we estimate underwater sound pressure levels for 1,582 unique ships that transited the core critical habitat of the endangered Southern Resident killer whales during 28 months between March, 2011, and October, 2013. Median received spectrum levels of noise from 2,812 isolated transits are elevated relative to median background levels not only at low frequencies (20-30 dB re 1 μPa2/Hz from 100-1000 Hz), but also at high frequencies (5-13 dB re 1 μPa2/Hz from 10,000-96,000 Hz). Thus, noise received from ships at ranges less than 3 km extends to frequencies used by odontocetes like the Southern Resident orcas for communication and echolocation. Broadband received levels (20-96,000 Hz) near the shoreline in Haro Strait (WA, USA) for the entire ship population were 111 ± 6 dB re 1 μPa on average. Mean ship speed was 14.4 ± 4.1 knots. Most ship classes show a linear relationship between received level and speed with a slope near +1 dB/knot. Assuming near-spherical spreading based on a transmission loss experiment, we compute mean broadband source levels for the ship population of 173 ± 7 dB re 1 μPa @ 1 m without accounting for frequency-dependent absorption, and 177 ± 13 dB re 1 μPa @ 1 m with absorption. Spectrum, 1/12-octave, and 1/3-octave source levels for the whole population have median values that are comparable to previous measurements and models at most frequencies, but for select studies may be relatively low below 200 Hz and high above 20,000 Hz. Median source spectrum levels (without accounting for absorption) peak near 50 Hz for all 12 ship classes, have a maximum of 159 dB re 1 μPa2/Hz @ 1 m for container ships, and vary between classes by over 25 dB re 1 μPa2/Hz @ 1 m at low frequencies (50 Hz), 10 dB re 1 μPa2/Hz @ 1 m at mid-frequencies (1,000 Hz), and about 5 dB re 1 μPa2/Hz @ 1 m at high frequencies (10,000 Hz). Below 200 Hz, the class-specific median spectrum levels bifurcate with large commercial ships grouping as higher power noise sources. Within all ship classes spectrum levels vary more at low frequencies than at high frequencies, and the degree of variability is almost halved for classes that have smaller speed standard deviations.
Re-assertion of Elite Control in Masoka’s Wildlife Program, Zimbabwe

Local level governance is crucial in delivering benefits of conservation to communities. This paper provides a historical review of the evolution of governance and the emergence of elite capture in Masoka’s wildlife program in Zimbabwe between 2009 and 2011. Fifty-four key informant interviews and reviews of numerous secondary data sources analyzed in order to understand accountability mechanisms, collective decision-making, and the allocation of wildlife revenues into various local initiatives. The local narratives and secondary data suggested that the governance had flipped from one of impersonal and democratic rule to one based on personal rule of traditional leaders. These outcomes were in part a result of the shift in meso level structures that previously supported the program structures at community level, the shifting national politics that led to increased sense of enfranchisement and impunity among traditional leaders, and non-merit based system of appointing committee members. The results suggest that locally elected committees when left at the peril of strong and unchecked powers of traditional leaders they are bound to collapse. Second, the findings also indicate that in the absence of weak land tenure rights, locals have no “teeth” to challenge tradition-based authorities in order to demand for accountable governance. We conclude that given such condition of weak tenure and access to resource rights, local democratic institutions do not emerge naturally even if most people want them and if not protected from outside, they are bound to fail and superseded by personalized ones.
NATURAL CONVECTION NEAR A VERTICAL PLATE IN A POROUS MEDIUM WITH RAMPED WALL TEMPERATURE

Exact solution of unsteady natural convection flow past an infinite vertical plate with ramped wall temperature has been obtained. The dimensionless governing equations of the fluid flow are solved by Laplace-transform technique. The solutions for velocity, temperature are obtained and shown graphically for different physical parameters involved. Also, the variations of wall skin friction as well as Nusselt number with time have been presented graphically.
Protective role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on serum cholinesterase inhibition by acute exposure to diazinon in rats

To evaluate whether caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a flavonoid-like natural compound plentifully found in beeswax, has a protective effect on diazinon-induced serum cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition in rats. Materials and methods: Animals were divided into 4 groups. The first animal group was not treated with any substance. The second animal group was orally given a 200 mg/kg body weight (bw) sublethal dose of diazinon. The third animal group was injected intraperitoneally with 2.84 mg (10 µmol)/kg bw of CAPE 1 day prior to administration of 200 mg/kg bw of diazinon orally. The fourth animal group was intraperitoneally injected with 2.84 mg (10 µmol)/kg bw of CAPE 30 min after 200 mg/kg bw of diazinon was orally administered. Results: Analysis of the animal blood samples obtained 48 h after diazinon administration revealed that diazinon decreased serum ChE activity by 75%, while CAPE administration 24 h prior to and 30 min following diazinon application improved serum ChE activity by 25%-32% as compared to levels with diazinon administration only. In silico studies suggest that CAPE prevents diazinon from binding to butyryl ChE due to a higher binding affinity than that of diazinon. Conclusion: Our laboratory findings suggest that CAPE plays a protective role against butyryl ChE inhibition by diazinon.
Neutron Scattering Signatures of Magnon Weyl Points

We study the inelastic neutron scattering cross section in the vicinity of touching points in magnon bands. Among the possible touching points are magnon Weyl points in three dimensional ordered magnets with significant spin-orbit coupling that are characterized by a linear dispersion in their vicinity. A Weyl point is topologically protected by its net chirality and here we show that this leads to a characteristic form for the dynamical structure factor. To address this question, we show that scattering intensities in the vicinity of arbitrary magnon two-band touching points are identical to expectation values of the pseudospin polarization along some direction $\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}$ in momentum space fixed by the magnetic Hamiltonian. This approach applied to Weyl points shows that they are singular points in the intensity of the form $\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}\cdot \delta\hat{\boldsymbol{k}}$ regardless of the magnetic ground state. We make specific predictions for the experimental signatures of such intensity singularities in several spin models hosting Weyl magnons applicable to candidate materials.
Optimization of the Antioxidant Extraction from Eleutherococcus Senticosus Roots by Response Surface Methodology

Abstract Eleutherococcus senticosus is known as adaptogen with benefits in general health promotion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of major extraction parameters on extraction yield of antioxidants measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. Secondly, content of total polyphenols was evaluated. Optimal conditions of the extraction were processed by response surface methodology. The independent variables of extraction were proposed as temperature, solid-liquid ratio and solvent composition. For the optimal antioxidant extraction, E. senticosus is suitable to extract by 23 % (v/v) aqueous ethanol at 70 °C in ratio 53 mL of extraction solvent per g of plant material. The optimal conditions calculated for the extraction of total polyphenols were very similar (70 °C, 22 % (v/v) aqueous ethanol) expect solid-liquid ratio which indicates need of increasing of solid-liquid ratio to 91 mL of extraction solvent per g of plant material
Computing the dipole polarizability of 
Ca48
 with increased precision

We compute the electric dipole polarizability of 48Ca with an increased precision by including more correlations than in previous studies. Employing the coupled-cluster method we go beyond singles and doubles excitations and include leading-order three-particle-three-hole (3p-3h) excitations for the ground state, excited states, and the similarity transformed operator. We study electromagnetic sum rules, such as the bremsstrahlung sum rule m_0 and the polarizability sum rule alpha_D using interactions from chiral effective field theory. To gauge the quality of our coupled-cluster approximations we perform several benchmarks with the effective interaction hyperspherical harmonics approach in 4He and with self consistent Green's function in 16O. We compute the dipole polarizability of 48Ca employing the chiral interaction N2LOsat [Ekstroem et al., Phys. Rev. C 91, 051301 (2015)] and the 1.8/2.0 (EM) [Hebeler et al., Phys. Rev. C 83, 031301 (2011)]. We find that the effect of 3p-3h excitations in the ground state is small for 1.8/2.0 (EM) but non-negligible for N2LOsat. The addition of these new correlations allows us to improve the precision of our 48Ca calculations and reconcile the recently reported discrepancy between coupled-cluster results based on these interactions and the experimentally determined alpha_D from proton inelastic scattering in 48Ca [Birkhan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 252501 (2017)]. For the computation of electromagnetic and polarizability sum rules, the inclusion of leading-order 3p-3h excitations in the ground state is important, while less so for the excited states and the similarity-transformed dipole operator.
Food Metaphors: A Contrastive Approach

This paper demonstrates the pervasiveness of the food metaphor in Moroccan Arabic (MA) mundane interactions and deals with its rather limited exploitation in Classical Arabic (CA) Qur’anic discourse. The MA and CA data analysis provides further evidence that metaphor is a mode of thought, not a mere stylistic variation of what can be otherwise stated literally. The paper also predicts the mappings of food with ideas and temperament in many unrelated cultures, owing to the experiential basis of food, its vital importance for the survival and well-being of human beings, yet it argues that many of this conceptual metaphor linguistic manifestations remain culture specific, resist translation, and are not necessarily automatically processed. Der Artikel zeigt die durchgängige Präsenz der Nahrungsmetaphorik im Marokkanischen Arabisch (MA), welche mit der eher geringen Nutzung in klassisch-arabischen (CA) Korantexten kontrastiert. Die MA und CA-Daten untermauern die Vorstellung von der Metapher als einer Denkfigur und nicht lediglich als stilistischer Abweichung von einem vermeintlich wörtlichen Gebrauch. Zudem wird gezeigt, dass – begründet durch die alltägliche Erfahrbarkeit und die im wahrsten Sinne Funktion als Lebensmittel – metaphorische Projektionen von Nahrung auf Ideen oder Stimmungslagen unabhängig voneinander in vielen unterschiedlichen Kulturen zu belegen sind, zahlreiche der konzeptuell-metaphorischen Implikationen jedoch kulturspezifisch und übersetzungsresistent sind.
Study of the Possible Prophylactic Effect of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Extract on Experimental Hypertension in Rats

Background: Hypertension is a common global health problem with significant mortality and morbidity. Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) is a plant known in many countries and is consumed as hot and cold drinks. Aim of the work: The present study was designed to assess the possible prophylactic effect of aqueous extract of HS on experimental hypertension in rats. Methods: Renovascular hypertension was induced in rats by left renal artery ligation with 4-0 sterile surgical silk. Shamoperated rats served as control. The animals were divided into: control group, sham group, hypertensive group, hypertensive group pretreated with HS (250mg/kg/day) given orally 30 days before ligation of left renal artery and 30 days after ligation. Results: Pretreatment of hypertensive group with HS extract prevented the development of hypertension and significantly reduced heart rate with significant decrease in serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol while it increased significantly serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol and nitric oxide levels as compared to non-treated hypertensive group. Hibiscus sabdariffa also prevented the decrease in aortic reduced glutathione content and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity while it did not cause any significant change in serum levels of sodium or potassium as compared to non-treated hypertensive group. Conclusion: The present study showed that HS prevented the development of hypertension in an experimental model of hypertension which may be attributed to its negative chronotropic, nitric oxide preserving and antioxidant effects and is not related to serum electrolytes.
Natural process and use of natural matters in organic viticulture

During recent years organic viticulture has been developing in the leading viticulture countries worldwide. The organic viticulture has been defined as the application of procedures of organic agriculture in view of increasing the production of top quality grape and wine. All the aspects of the organic viticulture such as cultivating and maintaining the soil, ground cover plants and weed control, balanced nutrition of grapevine, growing systems, disease and pest control are carried out in view of increasing the quality and health safety of wine and table varieties. When making a choice of a cultivar, there are two key factors: an economic indicator-market perspective and characteristics of a cultivar. Traditional varieties are in advantage in comparison to newly created ones, new preparations, improved computerised forecast models contribute to the efficient protection from disease and pests. New I.C. /PIWI varieties must show tolerance to low winter temperatures and/or spring frosts, real commercial value through the quality of fruit, wine, juice or table grapes, tolerance to diseases and pests, balanced relationship between fruit and wood ripening. The aim of this paper is to present organic viticulture through integral agroecosystem and traditionally applied procedures in viticulture.
Ambiguous artefacts : towards a cognitive anthropology of art

This thesis proposes elements for a cognitive anthropology of visual art. Most works of art are human-made objects that cannot be approached in purely functional terms, and as such they frustrate important cognitive expectations that people have about artefacts. For this reason, it is hypothesised that art triggers speculation about the artist’s intention, and that it is intuitively approached as a form of communication. By application of Bloom’s (1996) theory of artefact categorisation, and Sperber and Wilson’s (1986/1995) relevance theory of communication, a series of predictions are generated for art categorisation (or definition), art appreciation, and art cultural distribution. Two empirical studies involving more than 1,000 participants tested the most important of these predictions. In study 1, a relationship was found between how much a series of works of art were liked and how easy they were to understand. Study 2 comprised four experiments. In experiment 1, a series of hyperrealistic paintings were preferred when they were labelled as paintings than when they were labelled as photographs. In experiments 2a and 2b, a series of paintings were considered easier to understand and, under some conditions, were preferred, when they were accompanied by titles that made it easier to understand the artist’s intention. In experiment 3, a series of artefacts were more likely to be considered “art” when they were thought to have been created intentionally than when they were thought to have been created accidentally. The results of studies 1 and 2 confirmed the predictions tested, and are interpreted in the framework of relevance theory. The art experience involves speculation about the artist’s intention, and it is partly assessed as a form of communication that is constrained by relevance dynamics. Implications for anthropology of art, psychology of art, and the art world are discussed.
Lactation and Function of Curve Parameters in Yankasa Sheep

The accuracy of the gamma function to describe lactation curve of Yankasa ewes was investigated using milk production data obtained from 168 ewes with either complete or incomplete 84 day lactation records. Ewes were daily hand milked after over-night separation from lamb and thorough disinfection of the udder. The daily milk yield on the average was estimated from the weekly total yield. The effect of type of birth, parity, season of birth and lactation length on the components of lactation curve (a, b, c and s) were analysed by least-square procedures. All factors except parity significantly (p<0.01) influenced the curve parameters. The goodness of fit of the function did not differ between the two classes of varying duration of lactation; incomplete lactation however, showed a lower persistency and as expected lower level of production. Correlations (rp) between lamb weight gain and milk yield using the weight records from lamb weighed at weekly intervals indicated a high and positive relationship in the early lactation that decreased in intensity as the lactation advanced. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2002. Vol 15, No. 6 : 890-894)
Nonlinear Monetary Policy Rules: Some New Evidence for the U.S.

This paper derives optimal monetary policy rules in setups where certainty equivalence does not hold because either central bank preferences are not quadratic, and/or the aggregate supply relation is nonlinear. Analytical results show that these features lead to sign and size asymmetries, and nonlinearities in the policy rule. Reduced-form estimates indicate that US monetary policy can be characterized by a nonlinear policy rule after 1983, but not before 1979. This finding is consistent with the view that the Fed's inflation preferences during the Volcker-Greenspan regime differ considerably from the ones during the Burns-Miller regime.
Implementation of Integrated Marketing Communication on Market Performance of Brands in the Field of OTC Products

The paper investigates the relationship between the implementation of integrated marketing communications and market brand performance in the field of OTC products and food supplements that are available in pharmacy stores in Slovenia without a prescription. In addition to providing a general discussion on the topic of the theoretical field of integrated marketing communication the first part of the paper elaborates on different components of this theoretical perspective. According to such considerations, relevant components of integrated marketing communications are identified. In the second part of the paper a LISREL model approach is used to investigate the impact of implementation of integrated marketing communication among OTC brands and food supplements sold in Slovenian pharmacy stores on their market performance. The results of the empirical research reveal a relatively strong and statistically significant relationship between the two variables.
Middle atmosphere response to different descriptions of the 11-yr solar cycle in spectral irradiance in a chemistry-climate model

Abstract. The 11-yr solar cycle in solar spectral irradiance (SSI) inferred from measurements by the SOlar Radiation & Climate Experiment (SORCE) suggests a much larger variation in the ultraviolet than previously accepted. We present middle atmosphere ozone and temperature responses to the solar cycles in SORCE SSI and the ubiquitous Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) SSI reconstruction using the Goddard Earth Observing System chemistry-climate model (GEOSCCM). The results are largely consistent with other recent modeling studies. The modeled ozone response is positive throughout the stratosphere and lower mesosphere using the NRL SSI, while the SORCE SSI produces a response that is larger in the lower stratosphere but out of phase with respect to total solar irradiance above 45 km. The modeled responses in total ozone are similar to those derived from satellite and ground-based measurements, 3–6 Dobson Units per 100 units of 10.7-cm radio flux ( F 10.7 ) in the tropics. The peak zonal mean tropical temperature response using the SORCE SSI is nearly 2 K per 100 units F 10.7 – 3 times larger than the simulation using the NRL SSI. The GEOSCCM and the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) 2-D coupled model are used to examine how the SSI solar cycle affects the atmosphere through direct solar heating and photolysis processes individually. Middle atmosphere ozone is affected almost entirely through photolysis, whereas the solar cycle in temperature is caused both through direct heating and photolysis feedbacks, processes that are mostly linearly separable. This is important in that it means that chemistry-transport models should simulate the solar cycle in ozone well, while general circulation models without coupled chemistry will underestimate the temperature response to the solar cycle significantly in the middle atmosphere. Further, the net ozone response results from the balance of ozone production at wavelengths less than 242 nm and destruction at longer wavelengths, coincidentally corresponding to the wavelength regimes of the SOLar STellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) and Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) on SORCE, respectively. A higher wavelength-resolution analysis of the spectral response could allow for a better prediction of the atmospheric response to arbitrary SSI variations.