Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
No Escaping the Rat Race: Simulated Night Shift Work Alters the Time-of-Day Variation in BMAL1 Translational Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex

Millions of people worldwide work during the night, resulting in disturbed circadian rhythms and sleep loss. This may cause deficits in cognitive functions, impaired alertness and increased risk of errors and accidents. Disturbed circadian rhythmicity resulting from night shift work could impair brain function and cognition through disrupted synthesis of proteins involved in synaptic plasticity and neuronal function. Recently, the circadian transcription factor brain-and-muscle arnt-like protein 1 (BMAL1) has been identified as a promoter of mRNA translation initiation, the most highly regulated step in protein synthesis, through binding to the mRNA “cap”. In this study we investigated the effects of simulated shift work on protein synthesis markers. Male rats (n = 40) were exposed to forced activity, either in their rest phase (simulated night shift work) or in their active phase (simulated day shift work) for 3 days. Following the third work shift, experimental animals and time-matched undisturbed controls were euthanized (rest work at ZT12; active work at ZT0). Tissue lysates from two brain regions (prefrontal cortex, PFC and hippocampus) implicated in cognition and sleep loss, were analyzed with m7GTP (cap) pull-down to examine time-of-day variation and effects of simulated shift work on cap-bound protein translation. The results show time-of-day variation of protein synthesis markers in PFC, with increased protein synthesis at ZT12. In the hippocampus there was little difference between ZT0 and ZT12. Active phase work did not induce statistically significant changes in protein synthesis markers at ZT0 compared to time-matched undisturbed controls. Rest work, however, resulted in distinct brain-region specific changes of protein synthesis markers compared to time-matched controls at ZT12. While no changes were observed in the hippocampus, phosphorylation of cap-bound BMAL1 and its regulator S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) was significantly reduced in the PFC, together with significant reduction in the synaptic plasticity associated protein activity-regulatedcytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc). Our results indicate considerable time-of-day and brain-region specific variation in cap-dependent translation initiation. We concludethat simulated night shift work in rats disrupts the pathways regulating the circadian component of the translation of mRNA in the PFC, and that this may partly explain impaired waking function during night shift work.
Incidence of Injury in Texas Girls' High School Basketball

We studied the incidence of injury in girl's varsity bas ketball to characterize injury demographics in high school athletics. We defined a reportable injury as one that occurred during organized practice or competition, resulted in either missed practice or game time, re quired physician consultation, or involved the head or face. We prospectively evaluated the athletes on team rosters during the 1993 to 1994 season from 100 ran domly selected Class 4A and 5A Texas public high schools that employed full-time certified athletic train ers. The 890 student athletes from 80 schools ranged in age from 14 to 18 years. Four hundred thirty-six injuries were reported for a rate of 0.49 per athlete per season. Injury risk, calculated on the basis of exposure time, was 0.4% per hour per athlete. Although game time accounted for only 12.5% of exposure time, it represented one half of the total injuries. Sprains and strains (56%) were the most common injuries, followed by contusions (15%) and dental injuries (14%). Injuries to the ankle (31 %) and knee (19%) were by far the most common. There were 34 severe injuries defined as requiring surgery or hospitalization, for a rate of 0.038 per athlete per season. Knee injuries were by far the most likely to require surgeries, and ACL injuries accounted for 69% of the severe knee injuries.
Effects of a Short‐Term Parental Education Program on Childhood Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Parental education is important in managing childhood atopic dermatitis (AD). We evaluated the long‐term effects of a 2‐day parental education program (PEP) on childhood AD. In an investigator‐blinded, randomized controlled trial, 59 children age 6 months to 6 years with moderate to severe AD and their mothers were recruited in Japan. Participants were given a booklet about AD and received conventional treatment alone or in combination with a 2‐day PEP comprising three lectures, three practical sessions, and a group discussion. The primary outcome was evaluation of eczema severity using SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included changes in symptom scores, amount of corticosteroid used, parental quality of life as determined according to the Dermatitis Family Impact questionnaire, and change in parental anxiety regarding the use of corticosteroids in their children. Participants in the PEP group had a significantly lower SCORAD score than those in the control group at 6 months (mean difference 10.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.3–17.7, p = 0.01) and objective SCORAD score (mean difference 7.1, 95% CI = 0.8–13.5, p = 0.03). The sleeplessness symptom score (mean difference 1.6, 95% CI = 0.0–3.1, p = 0.048) and corticosteroid anxiety score (p = 0.02) in the PEP group were significantly better than in the control group at 6 months. There was no significant difference between groups in the amount of corticosteroid used or quality of life. The PEP had positive long‐term effects on eczema severity and parental anxiety about corticosteroid usage.
Risk estimates of dementia by apolipoprotein E genotypes from a population-based incidence study: the Rotterdam Study.

OBJECTIVES To provide risk estimates of dementia and Alzheimer disease as a function of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes and to assess the proportion of dementia that is attributable to the APOE genotypes. DESIGN Case-control study nested in a population-based cohort study with a mean (SD) follow-up of 2.1 (0.9) years. SETTING General population in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS A total of 134 patients with incident dementia and a random sample of 997 nondemented control subjects. No participant had dementia at baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Odds ratios for dementia and Alzheimer disease, the fraction of dementia attributable to the APOE epsilon4 allele, and the proportion of the variance in age at the onset of dementia explained by the APOE genotypes. RESULTS Persons with the epsilon4/4 genotype had a more than 10-fold higher risk of dementia (odds ratio, 11.2; 95% confidence interval, 3.6-35.2), and subjects with the epsilon3/4 genotype had a 1.7-fold increased risk of dementia (95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.9) as compared with persons with the epsilon3/3 genotype. The proportion of patients with dementia that is attributable to the epsilon4 allele was estimated to be 20%. The APOE genotypes explained up to 10% of the variance in age at the onset of dementia. The association between the epsilon4 allele and dementia was strongest in the youngest age category and in those with a family history of dementia. CONCLUSIONS The APOE genotype is an important determinant of the risk of dementia. At a population level, however, other factors than the APOE genotype may play an important role in the cause of dementia.
Exploring the Success of Transfer Programs for Community College Students.

Volume Six | Winter 2011 Abstract The state’s educational systems must collaborate together to enable transfer students to gain the necessary skills that support degree completion strategies. Given the current economic state, an investment in California community college transfer students in order to provide the best possible university transition would seem wise and fiscally responsible. This outcomes-based assessment evaluation focused on assessing outcomes of a new transitional summer program, called Transfer Bridge; designed to aid underrepresented community college students transfer to a public comprehensive regional university. The results showed that successful transfer programs must be customized for the transferring students they are intended to serve in order to effectively address their transition needs to the university.
Cooperative growth regulation in coral-dwelling fishes

Dominant individuals often grow faster than subordinates because they gain a greater share of important resources. However, dominants should also strategically adjust their growth rates, relative to the size of subordinates, if this improves their reproductive success. Here, we show that individuals in breeding pairs of the coral-dwelling fish Gobiodon histrio regulate their growth to reduce the size difference between partners. In pairs where one individual was larger than the other, the smaller individual increased its growth rate and the larger individual decreased its growth rate, compared to individuals in size-matched pairs. The reproductive success of breeding pairs is limited by the size of the smallest individual in the pair. Therefore, it appears that the larger individual trades-off its own growth against that of the smaller individual, thereby improving the reproductive success of both individuals in the pair. This demonstrates a remarkable ability of individuals to strategically adjust their body size to suit the local social environment, and reveals a novel mechanism for size-assortative mating.
Spontaneous and cytokine induced expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases in human colonic epithelium

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in tissue damage associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As the role of the intestinal epithelium in this process is unknown, we determined MMP expression and enzyme activity in human colonic epithelial cells (CEC). MMP mRNA expression was assessed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction in HT‐29 and DLD‐1 cells and in CEC isolated from biopsies from IBD and control patients. Total MMP activity in the cells was measured by a functional assay, based on degradation of a fluorescent synthetic peptide containing the specific bond for MMP cleavage. HT‐29 and DLD‐1 expressed several MMPs and levels of MMP‐3, ‐10 and ‐13 mRNA expression were increased significantly by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α exposure. Transcripts of MMP‐1, ‐3, ‐7, ‐9, ‐10 and ‐12 were detected in CECs and all, except MMP12, at significantly increased levels in cells from inflamed IBD mucosa. MMP‐2 and ‐8 mRNA were expressed inconsistently and MMP‐11, ‐13 and ‐14 mRNA undetectable. Proteolytic MMP activity was detected in CEC supernatants and the level was increased significantly in inflamed IBD epithelium. The enzyme activity was inhibited strongly by a specific MMP inhibitor (GM 6001). A significant TNF‐α‐mediated increase in MMP enzyme activity was also detected in HT‐29 cells in vitro. In conclusion, the expression of several MMPs as well as the level of functional MMP activity is increased in CEC from patients with active IBD. The results suggest that MMPs released by the intestinal epithelium may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD by promoting local mucosal damage.
Assessing Motor Deficits in Neurological Rehabilitation: Patterns of Instrument Usage

To describe current patterns in the use of clinical scales and measurement tech nology for the assessment of motor deficits in neurological rehabilitation. Question naire, sent to the 2,556 members of the World Forum for Neurological Rehabilita tion, distributed over 75 countries. Sixty-eight questionnaires were returned. Generally, participants indicated that the centres where they were based used a num ber of different clinical assessment scales (median, three), most frequently with a small proportion of patients. The (Modified) Ashworth Scale, the FIM, and the Fugl-Meyer were used most frequently. Only 35 respondents stated that their centre used one or more scales in >75% of their patients, but the choice of such routinely applied in struments varied between centres. The application of measurement technology was re stricted, with video and goniometry being used most frequently. The main barriers to more frequent use of assessment tools were perceived to be a lack of resources, infor mation, and training. The (albeit limited) results from this survey suggest that the assessment of motor deficits in neurological rehabilitation is currently mostly qualita tive and lacks standardisation. More resources and education are required to support a more routine application of assessment tools and to integrate measurement tech nology further in neurological rehabilitation to assist in the process of quantification of outcomes. Key Words: Motor deficits—Neurological rehabilitation—Outcome as sessment—Standardisation—Measurement technology.
The Relationship of Attribution of Responsibility to Acute Stress Disorder Among Hospitalized Burn Patients

Attribution of responsibility for a traumatic event has been related to subsequent adjustment. Self-blame has been associated with better adjustment in some cases and worse in others, whereas other-blame has consistently been associated with poorer outcomes. This study assessed the relationship between attribution of responsibility and acute stress disorder (ASD) in burn victims. Hospitalized burn patients (N = 124) underwent psychological assessment within 2 weeks of their burn injury. Participants were categorized as reporting self-blame (N = 49), other-blame (N = 36), both (N = 10), or neither (N = 29). Twenty-three percent of those with other-blame were diagnosed with ASD, compared with 0% of those with self-blame. Self-blame and other-blame also were related to ASD in logistic regression analyses controlling for demographic and medical variables. With both types of blame in the same model, self-blame was significantly associated with lower rates of ASD, whereas other-blame was related to higher rates, but this did not reach significance. When analyzed in separate models, both of these relationships attained statistical significance. These findings have implications for identifying and treating people at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder after exposure to trauma.
Dietary inadequacies observed in homeless men visiting an emergency night shelter in Paris

Abstract Objective To assess the dietary intake and the nutritional status of homeless men. Setting A night emergency shelter in Paris, France. Design Dietary survey (48-h) including alcohol intake and a questionnaire on age, duration of homelessness, smoking habits. Subjects were also weighed and measured. Subjects Ninety-seven men aged 18–72 years (mean 43.3), of whom 54% were homeless for more than 18 months, 82% were smokers and 53% were regular and/or excessive drinkers. Results The BMI distribution was shifted towards low values, the percentage of wasted persons being four times higher than in the reference population. The mean total energy intake was 2376 kcal (SD = 879) and included a high and highly variable percentage of energy derived from alcohol (12.0% (SD = 18.1)). Among drinkers, the mean ethanol intake was 90 g (SD = 102) and there was a significant negative correlation between ethanol and non-alcoholic energy intakes. The median intakes of potassium, calcium, zinc, vitamins B1, B2, and niacin were lower than European Population Reference Intakes but only the mean intake of vitamin B1 was significantly lower. Eighty percent of non-alcoholic energy was provided by charitable organisations. For most nutrients, the nutritional density of the shelter ration was not significantly different from the density of the foods purchased by the homeless. Conclusions These data suggest that the content of some nutrients should be increased in existing food assistance programs for homeless people in France.
Self‐management: Enabling and empowering patients living with cancer as a chronic illness

With recent improvements in the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer, people with cancer are living longer, and their cancer may be managed as a chronic illness. Cancer as a chronic illness places new demands on patients and families to manage their own care, and it challenges old paradigms that oncology's work is done after treatment. As a chronic illness, however, cancer care occurs on a continuum that stretches from prevention to the end of life, with early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship in between. In this article, self‐management interventions that enable patients and families to participate in managing their care along this continuum are reviewed. Randomized controlled trials of self‐management interventions with cancer patients and families in the treatment, survivorship, and end‐of‐life phases of the cancer care continuum are reviewed, and the Chronic Care Model is presented as a model of care that oncology practices can use to enable and empower patients and families to engage in self‐management. It is concluded that the need for a common language with which to speak about self‐management and a common set of self‐management actions for cancer care notwithstanding, oncology practices can now build strong relationships with their patients and formulate mutually agreed upon care plans that enable and empower patients to care for themselves in the way they prefer. CA Cancer J Clin 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A Comparison of Business Success versus Failure Variables between U.S. and Central Eastern Europe Croatian Entrepreneurs

In this study, 15 success versus failure variables were tested for differences between U.S. and Central Eastern Europe Croatian (CEEC) entrepreneurs. Nine of the values were significantly different at the . 05 level and two at the . 10 level (73%). U.S. Entrepreneurs started with greater capital, had more years of management experience, developed more detailed planning, made greater use of professional advice, had more college graduates, sold products with better product life-cycle timing, started their business during better economic times, were older, included more partnerships, and had more parents who owned a business than CEEC entrepreneurs, while CEEC entrepreneurs had an easier time staffing than U.S. entrepreneurs. The Lussier (1995) U.S. success versus failure prediction model was tested using logistic regression (S/F = f staffing, education, use of professional advice, planning) and it was also a significant predictor in CEEC. The findings should help lead to redefining entrepreneurship in CEEC, as many of its countries commonly believe that human resources have little to do with business success and failure. As the view of human resources changes, more resources should be allocated to develop employees.
Histopathology of in-stent restenosis in patients with peripheral artery disease.

BACKGROUND Clinical studies have suggested that smooth muscle cell (SMC) hyperplasia is the most likely cause of in-stent restenosis. However, pathological data regarding this issue are limited. Specifically, direct evidence of proliferative activity in tissues excised from stenotic stents has not been previously reported. METHODS AND RESULTS Tissue specimens were retrieved by directional atherectomy from 10 patients in whom in-stent restenosis complicated percutaneous revascularization of peripheral artery disease. Analysis of cellular composition was performed quantitatively after cell-specific immunostaining. For specimens preserved in methanol (7 of 10), cellular proliferation was evaluated by use of antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin E, and cdk2. TUNEL staining for apoptosis was performed on 8 paraformaldehyde-preserved specimens. Each of the 10 specimens contained extensive foci of hypercellularity composed predominantly of SMCs (mean+/-SEM, 59.3+/-3.0%). Evidence of ongoing proliferative activity was documented in all 7 methanol-preserved specimens: 24.6+/-2.3% of SMCs were PCNA-positive, 24.8+/-3.1% were cyclin E-positive, and 22.5+/-2.2% were cdk2-positive. Apoptotic cells were detected in all 8 specimens that had been appropriately preserved to permit DNA nick-end labeling. Macrophages and leukocytes were identified in each of the 10 specimens but accounted for a proportionately smaller number of cells (14.5+/-1.9% and 9.5+/-1.4%, respectively). Organized thrombus was observed in 6 of the 10 specimens. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the notion that in-stent restenosis results from SMC hyperplasia and suggest that adjunctive therapies designed to inhibit SMC proliferation may further enhance the utility of endovascular stents.
HSP90 inhibits apoptosis and promotes growth by regulating HIF-1α abundance in hepatocellular carcinoma

Subsequently to the publication of the above paper, the authors contacted the Editorial Office to explain that they had found several mistakes in Figs. 1B, 2B, 6B and 7B in their paper. The PCR results shown in Fig. 1B, the flow cytometric results in Figs. 2B and 6B, and the immunohistochemistry results in Fig. 7B were inadvertently chosen incorrectly when these images were selected from the pool of raw data. However, the authors retained access to their original data, and were able to re-assemble the data in these figures as they had intended. Consequently, the corrected versions of Figs. 1, 2, 6 and 7, containing the replacement data for Figs. 1B, 2B, 6B, and 7B, are shown below and on the next two pages. It should be emphasized that the errors that were made in assembling Figs. 1B, 2B, 6B and 7B did not have a major effect on either the results reported or the conclusions reached in this article. The authors are grateful to the Editor of International Journal of Molecular Medicine for allowing them the opportunity to publish this Corrigendum, and all of the authors agree to the publication of this Corrigendum. The authors sincerely apologize for their mistakes and regret any inconvenience that these errors may have caused. [International Journal of Molecular Medicine 37: 825‑835, 2016; DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016. 2482].
When Business Closes Down: Social Responsibilities and Management Actions

Plant and business closings have become a serious problem both for the individuals and communities directly affected and for the businesses themselves, who must find ways to effectively manage the closings they find necessary and must then also deal with the inevitable damage to their public image. Even beyond dealing with the recent legislative, labor union, and community responses to closings and shutdowns, businesses must learn to address their management actions in terms of social responsibilities. By being sensitive to the changing social environment, business can not only avoid future negative reactions in the form of new laws and knotty regulations, but it can establish an ongoing and beneficial relationship with society that is not sacrified when closings become inevitable.