Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elastic characterization of ceramic balls using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy of spheroidal modes

The use of ceramic balls, in particular silicon nitride balls, allows a substantial improvement of bearing performances. For critical aerospace and space applications, there is a need for developing new nondestructive techniques for the characterization of these balls. We propose in this work to study the possibilities offered by a specific technique of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy of spheroidal modes. As shown by the theoretical study on elastic sphere vibrations, these modes allow to characterize the whole volume of balls or only the close‐to‐surface layers, according to the considered frequency range. To acquire the resonance spectra of these modes, a specific measurement system composed of a piezoelectric ultrasonic probe and an optical interferometer was developed. A self‐implemented numerical processing of measured spectra allows to detect the resonance frequencies and to deduce from them the propagation velocity of the spheroidal waves in each inspected subsurface layers. Then, we propose a met.
1 NEW ENGLAND DROUGHT AND RELATIONS WITH LARGE-SCALE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION PATTERNS

1 Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA 03824 2 Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA 03824 3 Now at: Climate System Research Center, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-5820 4 Department of Geography, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA 03824 5 New Hampshire State Climatologist
Observation of Dust Shedding From Material Bodies in a Plasma

Exposure to a space plasma can cause a dusty body, such as a spacecraft or a boulder in Saturn's rings, to release dust into its environment. This is demonstrated in a laboratory experiment with an aluminum sphere covered with micrometer-sized dust grains. The sphere was rotating and electrically floating like an object in space. Laser light scattering was used to detect dust falling from the body. When a low-temperature nitrogen plasma was turned on, rapid dust shedding was observed, and when it was turned off, the shedding stopped. The rate of shedding increases with plasma density. The dust is not all released the instant the plasma is turned on but rather takes place over an extended period of time, with individual grains jumping off at random intervals with a certain probability per unit time.
Angular momentum evolution of galaxies in EAGLE

We use the EAGLE cosmological hydrodynamic simulation suite to study the specific angular momentum of galaxies, j, with the aims of (i) investigating the physical causes behind the wide range of j at fixed mass and (ii) examining whether simple, theoretical models can explain the seemingly complex and non-linear nature of the evolution of j. We find that j of the stars, jstars, and baryons, jbar, are strongly correlated with stellar and baryon mass, respectively, with the scatter being highly correlated with morphological proxies such as gas fraction, stellar concentration, (u-r) intrinsic colour, stellar age and the ratio of circular velocity to velocity dispersion.We compare with available observations at z = 0 and find excellent agreement. We find that jbar follows the theoretical expectation of an isothermal collapsing halo under conservation of specific angular momentumto within � 50%, while the subsample of rotation-supported galaxies are equally well described by a simple model in which the disk angular momentum is just enough to maintain marginally stable disks. We extracted evolutionary tracks of the stellar spin parameter of EAGLE galaxies and found that the fate of their jstars at z = 0 depends sensitively on their star formation and merger histories. From these tracks, we identified two distinct physical channels behind low jstars galaxies at z = 0: (i) galaxy mergers, and (ii) early star formation quenching. The latter can produce galaxies with low jstars and early-type morphologies even in the absence of mergers.
Invasive seaweed enhances recruitment of a native bivalve: roles of refuge from predation and the habitat choice of recruits.

Invasive species may have a range of negative effects on native species in the region invaded. The invasive green alga Caulerpa taxifolia has invaded several temperate regions worldwide and now occurs in 9 estuaries in temperate eastern Australia. Despite the threat posed by C. taxifolia, virtually nothing is known of its effects on native estuarine infauna. In the present study, we investigated the distribution and abundance, habitat choice and predation of recruits (post-set juveniles) of the native Sydney cockle Anadara trapezia at 2 sites invaded by C. taxifolia in Lake Conjola, New South Wales, Australia. Recruitment of A. trapezia was significantly higher in C. taxifolia (both with sparse [30 %] and with dense [100 %] cover) than in Zostera capricorni and bare sediment. Up to 680 recruits m-2 were observed in C. taxifolia, with the highest recruit densities occurring at intermediate C. taxifolia densities. However, in habitat choice experiments, recruits showed no preference for C. taxifolia over the seagrasses Z. capricorni and Halophila ovalis, but a strong preference for adult A. trapezia over all macrophytes when A. trapezia were included as treatments in experiments. Field data showed that adult A. trapezia in bare sediments had very few recruits attached to them (<0.07 recruits adult-1) compared to adults found within C. taxifolia (0.95 ± 0.25 and 1.23 ± 0.31 recruits adult-1 at the 2 sites). Given that recruits displayed a strong preference for adults, but were rare on adults living in bare sediments, we tested whether C. taxifolia provided a refuge from predation. Recruits on adults placed into a bare sediment habitat were all consumed by predatory fish within 15 min, whereas none of the recruits on adults in an adjacent C. taxifolia habitat were eaten. Our results show that recruits do not reject C. taxifolia as a recruitment substratum despite showing preference for adult conspecifics, and that C. taxifolia may, by providing recruits with a refuge from predation enhance the recruitment of A. trapezia compared to uninvaded sediment. Although the long-term consequences of this enhanced recruitment are unknown, our study demonstrates that, contrary to commonly held views, the effects of C. taxifolia are not always negative. © Inter-Research 2006.
Pre-Synaptic Pool Modification (PSPM): A supervised learning procedure for recurrent spiking neural networks

Learning synaptic weights of spiking neural network (SNN) models that can reproduce target spike trains from provided neural firing data is a central problem in computational neuroscience and spike-based computing. The discovery of the optimal weight values can be posed as a supervised learning task wherein the weights of the model network are chosen to maximize the similarity between the target spike trains and the model outputs. It is still largely unknown whether optimizing spike train similarity of highly recurrent SNNs produces weight matrices similar to those of the ground truth model. To this end, we propose flexible heuristic supervised learning rules, termed Pre-Synaptic Pool Modification (PSPM), that rely on stochastic weight updates in order to produce spikes within a short window of the desired times and eliminate spikes outside of this window. PSPM improves spike train similarity for all-to-all SNNs and makes no assumption about the post-synaptic potential of the neurons or the structure of the network since no gradients are required. We test whether optimizing for spike train similarity entails the discovery of accurate weights and explore the relative contributions of local and homeostatic weight updates. Although PSPM improves similarity between spike trains, the learned weights often differ from the weights of the ground truth model, implying that connectome inference from spike data may require additional constraints on connectivity statistics. We also find that spike train similarity is sensitive to local updates, but other measures of network activity such as avalanche distributions, can be learned through synaptic homeostasis.
Support Vector Machine and Random Forest Modeling for Intrusion Detection System (IDS)

The success of any Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a complicated problem due to its nonlinearity and the quantitative or qualitative network traffic data stream with many features. To get rid of this problem, several types of intrusion detection methods have been proposed and shown different levels of accuracy. This is why the choice of the effective and robust method for IDS is very important topic in information security. In this work, we have built two models for the classification purpose. One is based on Support Vector Machines (SVM) and the other is Random Forests (RF). Experimental results show that either classifier is effective. SVM is slightly more accurate, but more expensive in terms of time. RF produces similar accuracy in a much faster manner if given modeling parameters. These classifiers can contribute to an IDS system as one source of analysis and increase its accuracy. In this paper, KDD’99 Dataset is used and find out which one is the best intrusion detector for this dataset. Statistical analysis on KDD’99 dataset found important issues which highly affect the performance of evaluated systems and results in a very poor evaluation of anomaly detection approaches. The most important deficiency in the KDD’99 dataset is the huge number of redundant records. To solve these issues, we have developed a new dataset, KDD99Train+ and KDD99Test+, which does not include any redundant records in the train set as well as in the test set, so the classifiers will not be biased towards more frequent records. The numbers of records in the train and test sets are now reasonable, which make it affordable to run the experiments on the complete set without the need to randomly select a small portion. The findings of this paper will be very useful to use SVM and RF in a more meaningful way in order to maximize the performance rate and minimize the false negative rate.
Comparative Study of Anatomy of Renal Artery in Correlation with the Computed Tomography Angiogram

The variations in origin of renal arteries are very common. The present study was focused to study renal artery and accessory renal artery in correlation with CT Angiography which provides the incidence and characteristics of variations of the renal arteries in cadavers and in patients who underwent angiography for donor nephrectomy. The origin and termination of the renal artery along with incidence, origin, course and termination of accessory renal arteries were studied in detail by dissection and CT angiography. Axial images alone are not sufficient for the evaluation of renal artery because they often have a tortuous and variable course. Additional views provided by CT angiography allow for display of the renal arteries in multiple planes and projections.
Tangent-point self-avoidance energies for curves

We study a two-point self-avoidance energy which is defined for all rectifiable curves in ℝn as the double integral along the curve of 1/rq. Here r stands for the radius of the (smallest) circle that the is tangent to the curve at one point and passes through another point on the curve, with obvious natural modifications of this definition in the exceptional, non-generic cases. It turns out that finiteness of for q ≥ 2 guarantees that γ has no self-intersections or triple junctions and therefore must be homeomorphic to the unit circle 𝕊1 or to a closed interval I. For q > 2 the energy evaluated on curves in ℝ3 turns out to be a knot energy separating different knot types by infinite energy barriers and bounding the number of knot types below a given energy value. We also establish an explicit upper bound on the Hausdorff-distance of two curves in ℝ3 with finite -energy that guarantees that these curves are ambient isotopic. This bound depends only on q and the energy values of the curves. Moreover, for all q that are larger than the critical exponent qcrit = 2, the arclength parametrization of γ is of class C1, 1-2/q, with Holder norm of the unit tangent depending only on q, the length of γ, and the local energy. The exponent 1 - 2/q is optimal.
Adsorption of cationic dye (MB) and anionic dye (AG 25) by physically and chemically activated carbons developed from rice husk

Dye removal from waste water via adsorption by activated carbons (ACs) developed from agricultural wastes represents an ideal alternative to other expensive treatment options. Physical and chemical ACs were prepared from rice husks. The textural properties of the ACs were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-N2 adsorption and scanning electron microscopy. The chemistry of the carbon surface was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, base and acid neutralization capacities, pH of the active carbon slurry, and pHpzc. The adsorption capacities of the ACs for the basic dye (methylene blue) and acid dye (acid green 25) were determined using parameters such as contact time, pH, and temperature. NaOH-ACs showed the highest surface area and total pore volume, whereas steam- ACs showed the lowest ones.
Infant Feeding Practices in the First Year of Life in a Metropolitan Italian Cohort

Infant feeding choices are pivotal for growth and may affect the risk of overweight later in life. The objective of the study was to explore: (i) adherence to World Health Organization (WHO, exclusive breast feeding, BF, in the first 6 months) and European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPHGAN, complementary feeding, CF, between 17 and 26 weeks of age and cow’s milk introduction at 1 year of age) recommendations; (ii) and the effect of these practice on infants’ anthropometrics and adiposity at 1 year of age. The study was based on the sample of infants (n = 462) from the “Feeding” cohort whose feeding behaviours were monthly investigated from birth to 1 year of age and anthropometrics, thickness of epicardial adipose (EAT), abdominal subcutaneous, and visceral adipose tissues, measured at 1 year of age. Exclusively breast-fed infants were 69.5% (n=321) at birth but 19.9% (n=92) at 6 months of age. CF was introduced at the median age of 5 (4-6), with 64.5% (n=298) of infants complying the ESPHGAN guidelines, while cow’s milk was introduced at the age of 11 (10-12) months. Age of CF was associated with weight-to-length ratio (coeff.= -0.002, 95% CI -0.003 to -0.000, p = 0.018, r). Age of cow’s milk introduction with weight-to-length ratio as well (coeff.= 0.001, 95% CI 0.000, 0.002, p=0.025; and EAT (coeff.=0.038, 95% CI 0.012 to 0.063, p = 0.004) at 1-y. Feeding practices complied with WHO recommendations in one infant out of five, and ESPHGAN recommendations in about seven out of ten. Early CF and cow’s milk were both associated with anthropometrics at 1-y, while exclusively BF was not.
Survival of a Lepidopteran Defoliator of Eucalyptus is Influenced by Local Hillside and Forest Remnants in Brazil

ABSTRACT We tested the hypothesis that Euselasia eucerus (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) the intensities of mortality factors in eucalyptus plantations in xeric environments are greater near fragments of native forest and they diminish with increasing distance from the latter. Samples were collected along a transect crossing a 70-ha planting of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis hybrid extending from adjacent native vegetation to a hilltop. Sampling was completed along an elevation and distance gradient from the native forest in three environments, near the native forest (base), intermediate (mid way between the native forest and the hilltop) and distant from the native forest (hilltop) ones. Fungi, parasites and predators caused mortality of E. eucerus pupae. Damage to E. urophylla x E. grandis hybrid by E. eucerus was greater at the more distant location possibly because of plant water deficits and/ or increased E. eucerus survival. Mortality of E. eucerus in all ontogenetic stages was greater in areas near the native forest. Proximity to native vegetation appeared to be a key factor that influenced survival of local E. eucerus populations in E. urophylla x E. grandis hybrid plantations. The results presented here reinforce the concept that native vegetation near eucalyptus plantations exerts a local effect supporting the maintenance of natural enemies of E. eucerus, and favoring infections by entomopathogenic fungi during the pupal stage of this insect.
The Job Satisfaction-Productivity Nexus: A Study Using Matched Survey and Register Data

The authors examine the role of employee job satisfaction in Finnish manufacturing plants over the period 1996–2001 to determine the extent to which it affects establishment-level productivity. Using matched data on job satisfaction from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) and information on establishment productivity from longitudinal register data linked to the ECHP, they estimate that the effect of an increase in the establishment's average level of employee job satisfaction on productivity is positive, but its magnitude varies depending on the specification of the model. The authors use an instrumental variables point estimate and find that an increase in the measure of job satisfaction by one within-plant standard deviation increases value-added per hours worked in manufacturing by 6.6%.
Impact of maximum borehole depths on inverted temperature histories in borehole paleoclimatology

Abstract. A quantitative assessment is presented for the impact of the maximum depth of a temperature-depth profile on the estimate of the climatic transient and the resultant ground surface temperature (GST) reconstruction used in borehole paleoclimatology. The depth of the profile is important because the downwelling climatic signal must be separated from the quasi-steady state thermal regime established by the energy in the Earth's interior. This component of the signal is estimated as a linear increase in temperature with depth from the lower section of a borehole temperature profile, which is assumed to be unperturbed by recent changes in climate at the surface. The validity of this assumption is dependent on both the subsurface thermophysical properties and the character of the downwelling climatic signal. Such uncertainties can significantly impact the determination of the quasi-steady state thermal regime, and consequently the magnitude of the temperature anomaly interpreted as a climatic signal. The quantitative effects and uncertainties that arise from the analysis of temperature-depth profiles of different depths are presented. Results demonstrate that widely different GST histories can be derived from a single temperature profile truncated at different depths. Borehole temperature measurements approaching 500–600 m depths are shown to provide the most robust GST reconstructions spanning 500 to 1000 yr BP. It is further shown that the bias introduced by a temperature profile of depths shallower than 500–600 m remains even if the time span of the reconstruction target is shortened.
Diagnostic Outcomes of Soluble Major Histocompatibility Complex Class IRelated Chain Molecule A and Des-ÃÂ³ Carboxy Prothrombin versus Alpha-FetoProtein for Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in EgyptianPatients

Objectives: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major threat for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egypt which represents an increased cause of mortality. HCC usually presents at a very late stage thus many patients miss the best opportunity for treatment because of lack of early symptoms and early reliable diagnostic marker for malignant transformation. This study aimed to perform a head-to-head comparison of the diagnostic performance of soluble major histocompatibility complex class I related chain molecule A (sMICA), Des-γ Carboxy Prothrombin (DCP) and Alpha-Feto Protein (AFP) in HCC patients. Subjects and methods: The study included 250 subjects. They were including 50 chronic hepatitis patients, 50 cirrhotic patients, 100 patients with HCC on top of cirrhosis and 50 apparently healthy control subjects. HCC group was subdivided into two subgroups, 61 patients with tumor size from 2 to 5 cm and 39 patients with tumor size >5cm. Serum levels of sMICA, DCP as well as AFP were measured in the sera of all subjects by Enzyme Immune Assay (EIA). Results: AFP, DCP and sMICA showed statistical significant increased levels in HCC group when compared to other groups (p<0.05). However, there was a highly significant increase in AFP levels in other patients groups when compared to control group (p ≤ 0.001). There was no significant difference in DCP level between chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis groups and as well when both were compared to the control group. sMICA levels were mostly increased in HCC patients in comparison to healthy or disease controls (p ≤ 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacies of sMICA, DCP and AFP. When employing the ROC curve, the superiority of sMICA [AUC: 0.928] to both AFP [AUC: 0.886] and DCP [AUC: 0.656] was evident in the diagnosis of HCC, in discriminating HCC from LC and CH patients [AUC: 0.908] as well as in discriminating HCC with small focal lesions (tumor size from 2-5cm) from both cirrhotic and CH patients [AUC: 0.917 & sensitivity: 88.5%]. The sensitivity of sMICA was the highest (88.5%) versus (62%) for AFP and (54%) for DCP. Conclusion: sMICA levels showed a stepwise increase from CH to LC and up to the most in HCC. However, AFP levels were increased in HCC and other chronic liver diseases while DCP levels were increased only in HCC. As well, sMICA has superior diagnostic performance for HCV-induced HCC on both AFP and DCP with even better performance for distinguishing HCC with small focal lesions. Consequently, measurement of sMICA as a single marker or beside AFP and/or DCP may be valuable in the screening for early malignant transformation of chronic liver diseases to HCC.
ITCP based Security Enhancement for IoT Devices in IPV6 Protocol

In this paper, present an improved transmission control protocol. For IoT devices. Currently there are different protocols are exist based on user data gram approach. Similarly TCP is also worked alone, In this present work proposed and improved transmission control protocol that is the hybrid concept of TCP and UDP on IPV6 platform. In the ITCP protocol TCP is used for link connection between two devices and UDP is used for the data sending. On the basic on this proposed new protocol that shows good improved result the transmission time, throughput, packet delivery ratio and other parameters as compare to other IoT protocol present in the IoT. For the simulation of proposed ITCP protocol used JAVA platform. Also compare the proposed result with different protocols.