Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Lectin Dolichos Biflorus Agglutinin Recognizes Glycan Epitopes on the Surface of Murine Embryonic Stem Cells: A New Tool for Characterizing Pluripotent Cells and Early Differentiation

Cell surface markers are key tools that are frequently used to characterize and separate mixed cell populations. Existing cell surface markers used to define murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) such as stage‐specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA1), Forssman antigen (FA), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and CD9 are limiting, however, because they do not unambiguously define the pluripotent state and are not reliable indicators of differentiation commitment. To identify glycan cell surface markers that would circumvent this problem, we used a panel of 18 lectins to identify epitopes specifically elevated on the surface of mESCs, which, during differentiation, decrease with kinetics that precede currently used markers such as CD9, SSEA1, FA, and AP. The anticipated outcome of this analysis was to identify glycans that have utility as reliable mESC markers and high‐resolution readouts for early differentiation commitment. Here, we show that the lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) recognizes α‐N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) cell surface epitopes on mESCs (CD9high SSEA1high APhigh DBAhigh). These glycan epitopes decline markedly in cells undergoing the first definable step of differentiation, the transition from mESCs to primitive ectoderm (CD9high SSEA1high APhigh DBAlow). Loss of GalNAc epitopes is, therefore, the earliest cell surface change that can be assigned to differentiating cells, and the only cell surface marker known to be tightly associated with the pluripotent state. The lectin DBA is, therefore, a useful tool to characterize mESC cultures by nondestructive approaches, an indicator of differentiation commitment, and a predictor of developmental potency.
Stepping into old age: A dynamic perspective on age identity change in the transition from midlife to older adulthood

Ouder worden, en de verandering van identiteit dat daar mee samenhangt, kan een uitdaging zijn die mogelijk nieuwe kansen biedt. Ten tijde van het wereldwijde fenomeen van vergrijzing, onderzoekt dit proefschrift verschillende processen die het welbevinden van volwassenen die ouder worden beinvloeden. Vier studies onderzoeken hoe een nieuwe identiteit van een oudere tot stand komt en hoe deze op zijn beurt het welbevinden van ouderen tussen de 50 en 70 vormt. De studies richten zich daarbij op twee componenten van ouderen-identiteit: (1) Hoe oud ouderen zich voelen, en (2) hoe zeer zij zich identificeren en verbinden met hun leeftijdsgroep. Resultaten laten zien dat wanneer ouderen zich jonger voelen dit een positief effect heeft op hun welbevinden bij een negatieve ervaring aangaande hun leeftijd, terwijl het identificeren met de leeftijdsgroep van ouderen het welbevinden reduceert. De rol die een nieuwe ouderen-identiteit speelt kan enorm verschillen tussen mensen. Om dit beter te begrijpen, voert het huidige proefschrift een belangrijke voorspeller van identiteitsvorming aan: de ervaren permeabiliteit van de groepsgrenzen. Met andere woorden, de mate waarin mensen de mogelijkheid zien om de groep te verlaten en toe te treden tot een andere groep. Een instrument voor het meten van de permeabiliteit van de ouderen-groep, alsmede andere sociale groepen, is ontwikkeld. Dit nieuwe meetinstrument kan gebruikt worden om te voorspellen in welke mate mensen zich identificeren met een specifieke sociale groep en in hoeverre mensen bereid zijn om gedragingen te vertonen om het behoren tot de sociale groep te ontkrachten of juist te bekrachtigen.
Exact solution for the extensional flow of a viscoelastic filament

We solve the free boundary problem for the dynamics of a cylindrical, axisymmetric viscoelastic filament stretching in a gravity-driven extensional flow for the Upper Convected Maxwell and Oldroyd-B constitutive models. Assuming the axial stress in the filament has a spatial dependence provides the simplest coupling of viscoelastic effects to the motion of the filament, and yields a closed system of ODEs with an exact solution for the stretch rate and filament thickness satisfied by both constitutive models. This viscoelastic solution, which is a generalization of the exact solution for Newtonian filaments, converges to the Newtonian power-law scaling as $t \rightarrow \infty$. Based on the exact solution, we identify two regimes of dynamical behavior called the weakly- and strongly-viscoelastic limits. We compare the viscoelastic solution to measurements of the thinning filament that forms behind a falling drop for several semi-dilute (strongly-viscoelastic) polymer solutions. We find the exact solution correctly predicts the time-dependence of the filament diameter in all of the experiments. As $t \rightarrow \infty$, observations of the filament thickness follow the Newtonian scaling $1/\sqrt{t}$. The transition from viscoelastic to Newtonian scaling in the filament thickness is coupled to a stretch-to-coil transition of the polymer molecules.
Lipopolysaccharide epitope expression of Rhizobium bacteroids as revealed by in situ immunolabelling of pea root nodule sections

To investigate the in situ expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) epitopes on nodule bacteria of Rhizobium leguminosarum, monoclonal antibodies recognizing LPS macromolecules were used for immunocytochemical staining of pea nodule tissue. Many LPS epitopes were constitutively expressed, and the corresponding antibodies reacted in nodule sections with bacteria at all stages of tissue infection and cell invasion. Some antibodies, however, recognized epitopes that were only expressed in particular regions of the nodule. Two general patterns of regulated LPS epitope expression could be distinguished on longitudinal sections of nodules. A radial pattern probably reflected the local physiological conditions experienced by endosymbiotic bacteria as a result of oxygen diffusion into the nodule tissue. The other pattern of expression, which followed a linear axis of symmetry along a longitudinal section of the pea nodule, was apparently associated with the differentiation of nodule bacteria and the development of the nitrogen-fixing capacity in bacteroids. Basically similar patterns of LPS epitope expression were observed for pea nodules harboring either of two immunologically distinct strains of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae, although these epitopes were recognized by different sets of strain-specific monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, LPS epitope expression of rhizobia in pea nodules was compared with that of equivalent strains in nodules of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). From these observations, it is suggested that structural modifications of Rhizobium LPS may play an important role in the adaptation of endosymbiotic rhizobia to the surrounding microenvironment.
UJI RESISTENSI ANTIBIOTIK TERHADAP KULTUR BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus PADA RUANG Intensive Care Unit (ICU) RUMAH SAKIT Y KOTA JAMBI

Uji resistensi dilakukkan pada kultur Staphylococcus aureus . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental data dianalisis secara deskriptif, isolate bakteri dari ruang perawatan Intensive Care Unite pada meja pasien, perawat dan Ventilator udara. lalu di uji resistensi dengan metode Kirby Bauer. hasil penelitian antibiotik yang resisten bakteri yaitu Chepalosporin : Ceftriaxone (100%), Cefoperazon (33,33%) dan Aminoglikosida yaitu Gentamicin (66,66%), Tobramicin (66,66%) dan Chloramfenicol tobramicin(66,66%), antibiotik sensitif yaitu Quinolon Nitrofurantoin (100%), Levofloxacin (100%), Nitrofurantoin (100%) dan Tetraciklin (100%) dari hasil penelitian bakteri Staphylococcus aureus resisten terhadap antibiotik Chepalosporin , antibiotik yang masih sensitif yaitu Quinolon dan Tetraciklin.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Atraumatic Endotracheal Tube in the Pulmonary-Gas Exchange: an Experimental Study

OBJECTIVE Mechanical ventilation is frequently necessary, in which case the use of an endotracheal tube is mandatory. The tube has an inflatable balloon in its distal extremity, whose aim is, among other functions, an efficient arterialization. However, serious injuries in the place of contact of the balloon with the trachea can be frequent. Some studies point out that balloons with permanent pressure may reduce this complication. Nevertheless, air scape, expressed by the inspiratory (IV) and expiratory volume (EV) variation (Δ IV-EV), may occur, possibly leading to hypoxemia. Thus, the goal of this study was to verify the efficiency of a modified endotracheal tube on arterializations compared to the traditional endotracheal tube. METHODS The modified endotracheal tube presents intermittent insufflation, with three drillings in the internal region of the cuff, allowing for insufflation in the inspiratory phase of the mechanical ventilation. Three animals were used for the control group, with a cuff pressure of 30 cmH2O, and seven pigs had the modified endotracheal tube. Each animal was kept under mechanical ventilation (FIO2=0.21) for 6 hours. Arterial and venous gases were measured every three hours (T0; T3; T6). RESULTS The gases confirmed the lack of hypoxia between the Groups, with a difference in the ΔIV-EV at T0 (P=0.0486). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the lack of hypoxia showed the efficiency of the modified endotracheal tube. However, new studies are necessary, particularly in diseased lungs, in order to evaluate the real efficiency of the mentioned device on the pulmonary gas exchange.
Nutrition and Growth Characteristics of Trichomitopsis termopsidis, a Cellulolytic Protozoan from Termites

Putatively axenic cultures of Trichomitopsis termopsidis 6057, isolated by M. A. Yamin (J. Protozool. 25:535-538, 1978) from the hindgut of Zootermopsis termites, apparently contained methanogenic bacteria, inasmuch as small amounts of CH4 were produced during growth. However, T. termopsidis could be “cured” of methanogenic activity by incubation in the presence of bromoethanesulfonate. Both the cured derivative (6057C) and the parent strain (6057) required NaHCO3 and fetal bovine serum for good growth; the presence of yeast extract in media was stimulatory. Growth of both strains was markedly improved by substituting heat-killed cells of Bacteroides sp. strain JW20 (a termite gut isolate) for heat-killed rumen bacteria in media as a source of bacterial cell material. Heat-killed Bacteroides sp. strain JW20 was the best of a number of bacteria tested, and under these conditions H2 was a major protozoan fermentation product. Growth of T. termopsidis strains was further improved by co-cultivation in the presence of Methanospirillum hungatii. M. hungatii was the best of a number of H2-consuming bacteria tested, and under these conditions CH4, but not H2, was produced, indicating interspecies transfer of H2 between the protozoa and M. hungatii. Both strains of T. termopsidis used powdered, particulate forms of cellulose (e.g., pure cellulose, corncob, cereal leaves) as fermentable energy sources, although powdered wood, chitin, or xylan supported little or no growth. Cells of the cellulose-forming coccus Sarcina ventriculi also served as a fermentable energy source, but these were used poorly as a source of bacterial cell material. The only substantial difference between T. termopsidis 6057 and 6057C was that the latter grew poorly or not at all with rumen bacteria as a source of bacterial cell material. The improved growth of T. termopsidis in vitro should facilitate further studies on the cell biology and biochemistry of these symbiotic, anaerobic protozoa.
Authorized shares : To limit , or not to limit , that is the question

In the legal literature there is some debate regarding the efficacy and relevance of the concept of limited authorized shares. Proponents to limitations on authorized shares argue that it resolves a power struggle between managers and shareholders. Opponents suggest that there are sufficient protections in place, and limitations are an expensive anachronism. We use the announcement of a stock split to examine this question. Stock splits cause an “inadvertent” shock to the amount of authorized, but unissued shares (hereafter, excess-shares). We find that the market reacts differentially to this shock, relative to the pre-split level of excess-shares. This result holds even after controlling for other factors from the literature known to be related to abnormal split announcement returns. Our evidence is consistent with the premise that nontrivial economic benefits accrue to shareholders from a reduction in management’s power to issue stock and shareholders of firms that have a very high pre-split level of excess-shares benefit the most. JEL Classification Numbers: G12, G32
Static allocation of periodic tasks with precedence constraints in distributed real-time systems

Using two branch-and-bound (B&B) algorithms, an optimal solution is proposed to the problem of allocating (or assigning with the subsequent scheduling considered) periodic tasks to a set of heterogeneous processing nodes (PNs) of a distributed real-time system. The allocation objective is to minimize the maximum normalized task response time, called the system hazard, subject to precedence constraints among the tasks to be allocated. First, the task system is modeled with a task graph, which describes computation and communication modules as well as the precedence constraints among them. Second, the exact system hazard of a complete assignment is determined so that an optimal assignment can be derived. This exact cost is obtained by optimally scheduling the modules assigned to each PN with a B&B algorithm guided by the dominance relationship between simultaneously schedulable modules. Third, to reduce the amount of computation needed for an optimal assignment, a lower-bound system hazard that is obtainable with a polynomial time algorithm is derived. <<ETX>>
Anomalous edge states and the bulk-edge correspondence for periodically-driven two dimensional systems

Recently, several authors have investigated topological phenomena in periodically-driven systems of non-interacting particles. These phenomena are identified through analogies between the Floquet spectra of driven systems and the band structures of static Hamiltonians. Intriguingly, these works have revealed that the topological characterization of driven systems is richer than that of static systems. In particular, in driven systems in two dimensions (2D), robust chiral edge states can appear even though the Chern numbers of all the bulk Floquet bands are zero. Here we elucidate the crucial distinctions between static and driven 2D systems, and construct a new topological invariant that yields the correct edge state structure in the driven case. We provide formulations in both the time and frequency domains, which afford additional insight into the origins of the "anomalous" spectra which arise in driven systems. Possible realizations of these phenomena in solid state and cold atomic systems are discussed.
A synoptic climatology of derecho producing mesoscale convective systems in the North‐Central Plains

Synoptic-scale environments favourable for producing derechos, or widespread convectively induced windstorms, in the North-Central Plains are examined with the goal of providing pattern-recognition/diagnosis techniques. Fifteen derechos were identified across the North-Central Plains region during 1986–1995. The synoptic environment at the initiation, mid-point and decay of each derecho was then evaluated using surface, upper-air and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)/National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis datasets. Results suggest that the synoptic environment is critical in maintaining derecho producing mesoscale convective systems (DMCSs). The synoptic environment in place downstream of the MCS initiation region determines the movement and potential strength of the system. Circulation around surface low pressure increased the instability gradient and maximized leading edge convergence in the initiation region of nearly all events regardless of DMCS location or movement. Other commonalities in the environments of these events include the presence of a weak thermal boundary, high convective instability and a layer of dry low-to-mid-tropospheric air. Of the two corridors sampled, northeastward moving derechos tend to initiate east of synoptic-scale troughs, while southeastward moving derechos form on the northeast periphery of a synoptic-scale ridge. Other differences between these two DMCS events are also discussed. Copyright © 2000 Royal Meteorological Society
Functional Distribution, Land Ownership and Industrial Takeoff: The Role of Effective Demand

Abstract In this paper we analyse how the distribution of land property rights affects industrial takeoff and aggregate income through its impact on effective demand. We apply a modified version of the model provided in Murphy et al. (1989, QJE) which allows us to analyse the role of land distribution when it is independent of the distribution of firm ownership. We extend the result of Murphy et al. (1989, QJE) by showing that industrialization and income depend non-monotonically on the distribution of land and by demonstrating that this result is due to the way land distribution affects the distribution of profits among firms. Moreover, we show that there may be a tradeoff between industrialization and income, the latter being associated with a distribution of land which is more equal than that associated with maximum industrialization.
Patient selection for diagnostic coronary angiography and hospital-level percutaneous coronary intervention appropriateness: insights from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry.

IMPORTANCE Diagnostic coronary angiography in asymptomatic patients may lead to inappropriate percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to a diagnostic-therapeutic cascade. Understanding the association between patient selection for coronary angiography and PCI appropriateness may inform strategies to minimize inappropriate procedures. OBJECTIVE To determine if hospitals that frequently perform coronary angiography in asymptomatic patients, a clinical scenario in which the benefit of angiography is less clear, are more likely to perform inappropriate PCI. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter observational study of 544 hospitals participating in the CathPCI Registry between July 1, 2009, and September 30, 2013. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Hospital proportion of asymptomatic patients at diagnostic coronary angiography and hospital rate of inappropriate PCI as defined by 2012 appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization. RESULTS Of 1 225 562 patients who underwent elective coronary angiography, 308 083 (25.1%) were asymptomatic. The hospital proportion of angiography among asymptomatic patients ranged from 1.0% to 73.6% (median, 24.7%; interquartile range, 15.9%-35.9%). By hospital quartile of asymptomatic patients at angiography, hospitals with higher rates of asymptomatic patients at angiography had higher median rates of inappropriate PCI (14.8% vs 20.2% vs 24.0 vs 29.4% from lowest to highest quartile, P < .001 for trend). This outcome was attributable to more frequent use of inappropriate PCI in asymptomatic patients at hospitals with higher rates of angiography in asymptomatic patients (5.4% vs 9.9% vs 14.7% vs 21.6% from lowest to highest quartile, P < .001 for trend). Hospitals with higher rates of asymptomatic patients at angiography also had lower rates of appropriate PCI (38.7% vs 33.0% vs 32.3% vs 32.9% from lowest to highest quartile, P < .001 for trend). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In a national sample of hospitals, performance of coronary angiography in asymptomatic patients was associated with higher rates of inappropriate PCI and lower rates of appropriate PCI. Improving preprocedural risk stratification and thresholds for coronary angiography may be one strategy to improve the appropriateness of PCI.
A Tale of Two Haplotypes: The EDA2R/AR Intergenic Region is the Most Divergent Genomic Segment between Africans and East Asians in the Human Genome

Abstract 1Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with large allele frequency differences between human populations are relatively rare. The longest run of SNPs with an allele frequency difference of one between the Yoruba of Nigeria and the Han Chinese is found on the long arm of the X chromosome in the intergenic region separating the EDA2R and AR genes. It has been proposed that the unusual allele frequency distributions of these SNPs are the result of a selective sweep affecting African populations that occurred after the out-of-Africa migration. To investigate the evolutionary history of the EDA2R/AR intergenic region, we characterized the haplotype structure of 52 of its highly differentiated SNPs. Using a publicly available data set of 3,000 X chromosomes from 65 human populations, we found that nearly all human X chromosomes carry one of two modal haplotypes for these 52 SNPs. The predominance of two highly divergent haplotypes at this locus was confirmed by use of a subset of individuals sequenced to high coverage. The first of these haplotypes, the &agr;-haplotype, is at high frequencies in most of the African populations surveyed and likely arose before the separation of African populations into distinct genetic entities. The second, the &bgr;-haplotype, is frequent or fixed in all non-African populations and likely arose in East Africa before the out-of- Africa migration. We also observed a small group of rare haplotypes with no clear relationship to the &agr;- and &bgr;-haplotypes. These haplotypes occur at relatively high frequencies in African hunter-gatherer populations, such as the San and Mbuti Pygmies. Our analysis indicates that these haplotypes are part of a pool of diverse, ancestral haplotypes that have now been almost entirely replaced by the &agr;- and &bgr;-haplotypes. We suggest that the rise of the &agr;- and &bgr;-haplotypes was the result of the demographic forces that human populations experienced during the formation of modern African populations and the out-of-Africa migration. However, we also present evidence that this region is the target of selection in the form of positive selection on the &agr;- and &bgr;-haplotypes and of purifying selection against &agr;/&bgr; recombinants.
The Endothelium and Vascular Effects of the ACE Inhibitor Trandolaprilat

Summary Experiments were designed to study the effects of trandolaprilat on endothelium-dependent responses in isolated blood vessels. Rings of either femoral or left circumflex coronary arteries of the dog or thoracic aortas of normotensive rats were suspended in organ chambers for isometric tension recording. During contractions induced by prostaglandin F2α, trandolaprilat did not cause direct endothelium-dependent or -independent relaxation. However, when given to preparations incubated with angiotensin I or bradykinin, the compound evoked significant endothelium-dependent relaxation. By contrast, trandolaprilat failed to cause any change in tension when given in the presence of acetylcholine (ACh). In rings of femoral arteries. trandolaprilat potentiated the endothelium-dependent relaxation evoked by bradykinin and adenosine diphosphate: it did not modify the endothelium-dependent relaxations induced by ACh. substance P, or thrombin. In rings of femoral arteries without endothelium. trandolaprilat augmented relaxation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) but not by adenosine. In perfused coronary arteries with but not those without endothelium. trandolaprilat caused relaxation in the absence of exogenous bradykinin (or ADP). These experiments suggest that trandolaprilat does not directly release endothelium-derived relaxing factor from the endothelial cells. does not interfere with the ability of the endothelium to release endothelium-derived relaxing factor, augments the endothelium-dependent responses to bradykinin (given exogenously or produced locally) and angiotensin I by direct interaction with converting enzyme, and potentiates the relaxation induced by ADP by augmenting its direct effect on vascular smooth muscle