Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Ethnic Composition of the Neighbourhood and Ethnic Minorities’ Social Contacts: Three Unresolved Issues

It is frequently supposed that the ethnic composition of a neighbourhood affects ethnic minorities’ social contacts with natives, co-ethnics and other ethnic minorities. Research to date, however, falls short in several ways. First of all, previous studies often did not consider social contacts with co-ethnics and other ethnic minorities. Second, although different mechanisms (i.e. meeting opportunities, ethnic competition theory, ‘third parties’ and constrict theory) point to different dimensions of the ethnic composition of the neighbourhood (the percentage of ethnic minorities, the percentage of co-ethnics, and ethnic diversity), there is a lack of research that systematically studies these different dimensions of the ethnic composition of the neighbourhood in relation to ethnic minorities’ social contacts. Third, other relevant neighbourhood characteristics (economic disadvantage and residential mobility) are often neglected. The present study sought to address these three unresolved issues. Results of multivariate multilevel analyses of survey data on ethnic minorities in the Netherlands (N ¼ 4,216) show that both the percentage of ethnic minorities and the degree of ethnic diversity relate to less contact with natives, but more contact with co-ethnics and other ethnic minorities. The percentage of co-ethnics is only related to more contact with co-ethnics. Results and policy implications are discussed.
Residential Sub-market Targeting by Developers in Brisbane

This article seeks to understand if and why developers choose to operate in particular sub-markets or mixes thereof. Interviews were conducted in 2001 with self-identified large-scale private sector developers operating in Brisbane. The findings show residential markets are highly segmented and corresponding development products highly differentiated. Each sub-market carries its risks and rewards and developers have different strategies with respect to targeting residential sub-markets or mixes thereof. Developers generally prefer higher end markets. Likely implications for urban development and challenges for policy are increased pressure for out of sequence development, ready-made socio-spatial differentiation, and development products that are less likely to meet future changing market preferences and so are likely to stimulate higher levels of production, consumption and urban expansion.
Optimal pricing and return policy for enterprise under supply chain management

This paper presents an inventory model for perishable goods in a supply chain with a single supplier and multiple competing retailers. The proposed model suggests that when the enterprise (i.e. the supplier) adopts a buy-back contract with optimal pricing and return policy, the inventory competition among retailers can be characterised as a multi-person game with unique, stable solutions. Specifically, the model demonstrates that in terms of enterprise management of a retail supply chain, the enterprise can use the buy-back contract to coordinate the whole chain and allocate the expected profit between the supplier and retailers to achieve a 'win-win' solution.
The Doctoral Colloquium of the EAA and European research traditions

This paper looks at the evolution of the European Accounting Review as the journal of the European Accounting Association. It provides an historical background to the launch of the journal in 1992, and traces how the European Accounting Review has developed to be a widely accepted academic journal in accounting. The journal tried at one and the same time, and managed with some success, to fulfil several different functions: to be an academic journal, a newsletter for the members and a place for debate on European accounting regulation. It seems that one of the main reasons that this was possible was the way EAR grew out of earlier initiatives by the EAA such as the Newsletter, the annual doctoral colloquium and the EIASM accounting workshops. The journal was thus a product of the development of a community of accounting researchers in Europe. In turn it began to play a constructive role in contributing to the further development of the accounting research community in Europe. During its first decade, the period on which our analysis concentrates, the European Accounting Review has acted to develop the idea of European accounting research in a research environment which has tended, at the international level, to be dominated by the Anglo-Saxon countries. EAR has tried to become a journal for European academics, and to be sensitive to European issues while being published in English. Being published in English, it thus directly competes for submissions and for readers in the global market for accountancy journals. In this way it has acted as one of the catalysts in the process of internationalization of the European academic accounting community. After the reform of 1999, the structure and aims of the journal are now more tightly focused on being a successful academic research journal, and less on playing a role as a forum for information and discussion. In this article we hope that we can contribute to celebrating the 25th anniversary of the EAA and reflect on EAR 's future role in a world where the focus in both research and practice in accounting is more and more at the ‘global’ level.
Overreaction and Insider Trading: Evidence from Growth and Value Portfolios

Insider transactions are not random across growth and value stocks. We find that insider buying climbs as stocks change from growth to value categories. Insider buying also is greater after low stock returns, and lower after high stock returns. These findings are consistent with a version of overreaction which says that prices of value stocks tend to lie below fundamental values, and prices of growth stocks tend to lie above fundamental values. Copyright The American Finance Association 1998.
A Nonparametric Test of the Life-Cycle Rational Expectations Hypothesis

In a world of perfect certainty and perfect capital markets agents allocate expenditure in such a way that the marginal utility of discounted expenditure is the same in each period. In this paper we present a test of whether any particular series of discounted prices and quantities can be exactly reconciled with a utility function and marginal utility of discounted expenditure that do not change from period to period. We find that U.K., U.S. and Canadian postwar aggregate data all reject our condition, although it is not rejected for long sub-periods. We show that our results for the U.K. suggest particular modifications to the strong form of the rational expectations hypothesis that our conditions test. In fact these data are exactly consistent with a number of alternative hypotheses. From this we argue that time series data are ill suited to parametric testing of any of the competing hypotheses on the inter-temporal allocation of expenditure. Copyright 1989 by Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.
LV remodeling and/or diastolic dysfunction in normal persons with BP of 120/80 mm hg or less and no other cardiovascular risk factors.

AIM To detect echocardiographic abnormalities in persons without cardiovascular risk factors and BP of 120/80 mm Hg or less. METHOD Detailed echocardiographic evaluation was done in 65 persons fulfilling above mentioned criteria. RESULTS Nearly 50% persons had cardiac remodeling and/or diastolic dysfunction. Pulmonary vein flow systolic velocity/diastolic velocity had significant negative correlation with systemic diastolic BP (P < .002) and mean arterial pressure (P < .05). CONCLUSION Some persons with BP of 120/80 mm Hg or less and not having conventional cardiovascular risk factors have subclinical LV remodeling and/or evidence of diastolic dysfunction. These findings could be for e-runner of established cardiovascular risk factors and should be evaluated periodically.
Predictors of outcome in first-episode schizophrenia over the first 4 years of illness

Background The outcome of schizophrenia appears to be more favourable than once thought. However, methodological issues, including the reliance on diagnosis at first presentation have limited the validity of outcome studies to date. Method We conducted a first-episode follow-up study of 97 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia over the first 4 years of illness. First presentation and follow-up assessments were compared using paired t tests and a forced-entry regression analysis was used to determine prognostic variables. Results There were significant improvements in positive and negative symptoms and global assessment of functioning between first presentation and follow-up. At first presentation, fewer negative symptoms (t=−3.40, p<0.01), more years spent in education (t=3.25, p<0.01), and a shorter duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) (t=−2.77, p<0.01) significantly predicted a better outcome at follow-up. Conclusions The outcome of schizophrenia may not be as pessimistic as once thought and most patients did not display a downward deteriorating course of illness. This study supports the relationship between DUP and outcome beyond the early stages of illness.
Collagen-binding Microbial Surface Components Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecule (MSCRAMM) of Gram-positive Bacteria Inhibit Complement Activation via the Classical Pathway*

Background: Collagen-binding MSCRAMMs from Gram-positive bacteria are adhesins and are virulence factors in several infectious diseases models. Results: Cna and related collagen-binding MSCRAMMs bind C1q and block activation of the classical complement pathway. Conclusion: Collagen-binding MSCRAMMs are novel classical complement pathway inhibitors. Significance: The novel function of the Cna-like collagen-binding MSCRAMMs represents an immune evasion strategy potentially used by numerous Gram-positive pathogens. Members of a family of collagen-binding microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) from Gram-positive bacteria are established virulence factors in several infectious diseases models. Here, we report that these adhesins also can bind C1q and act as inhibitors of the classical complement pathway. Molecular analyses of Cna from Staphylococcus aureus suggested that this prototype MSCRAMM bound to the collagenous domain of C1q and interfered with the interactions of C1r with C1q. As a result, C1r2C1s2 was displaced from C1q, and the C1 complex was deactivated. This novel function of the Cna-like MSCRAMMs represents a potential immune evasion strategy that could be used by numerous Gram-positive pathogens.
Disturbed Endocrine Function in the Psychoses

Discriminant function analyses were performed on plasma concentrations of prolactin, growth hormone, Cortisol, TSH, and the neurophysins measured over 17 hours in 70 newly admitted drug-free psychiatric patients and 35 control subjects. The hormone data distinguished between patients with different classes of drug-free psychosis (26 schizophrenic, 12 with manic disorder, 10 with major depressive disorder, psychotic subtype, 9 with schizoaffective mania (SAM)). Higher plasma Cortisol and lower TSH concentrations separated eight of nine SAM patients from all others.
Combination of fractionated irradiation with anti‐VEGF expressing vaccinia virus therapy enhances tumor control by simultaneous radiosensitization of tumor associated endothelium

Oncolytic viruses are currently in clinical trials for a variety of tumors, including high grade gliomas. A characteristic feature of high grade gliomas is their high vascularity and treatment approaches targeting tumor endothelium are under investigation, including bevacizumab. The aim of this study was to improve oncolytic viral therapy by combining it with ionizing radiation and to radiosensitize tumor vasculature through a viral encoded anti‐angiogenic payload. Here, we show how vaccinia virus‐mediated expression of a single‐chain antibody targeting VEGF resulted in radiosensitization of the tumor‐associated vasculature. Cell culture experiments demonstrated that purified vaccinia virus encoded antibody targeting VEGF reversed VEGF‐induced radioresistance specifically in endothelial cells but not tumor cells. In a subcutaneous model of U‐87 glioma, systemically administered oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing anti‐VEGF antibody (GLV‐1h164) in combination with fractionated irradiation resulted in enhanced tumor growth inhibition when compared to nonanti‐VEGF expressing oncolytic virus (GLV‐1h68) and irradiation. Irradiation of tumor xenografts resulted in an increase in VACV replication of both GLV‐1h68 and GLV‐1h164. However, GLV‐1h164 in combination with irradiation resulted in a drastic decrease in intratumoral VEGF levels and tumor vessel numbers in comparison to GLV‐1h68 and irradiation. These findings demonstrate the incorporation of an oncolytic virus expressing an anti‐VEGF antibody (GLV‐1h164) into a fractionated radiation scheme to target tumor cells by enhanced VACV replication in irradiated tumors as well as to radiosensitize tumor endothelium which results in enhanced efficacy of combination therapy of human glioma xenografts.
Collaborative Propensities Among Transnational NGOs Registered in the United States

NGO collaborations and government–NGO relations have become popular subjects of inquiry in public administration. Building on contemporary trends in the field, this exploratory study adopts a transnational governance perspective to examine the collaborative propensities of transnational NGOs registered in the United States. Unlike prior scholarship focusing on subnational samples of domestic organizations operating within single sectors of activity, findings are based on a mixed-method analysis of in-depth, face-to-face interviews with top organizational leaders from a diverse sample of 152 transnational NGOs spanning all major sectors of NGO activity. Analysis discovers that leaders’ organizations exhibit either an “independent” or an “interdependent” collaborative propensity. As members of global civil society, many transnational NGO leaders are reluctant, if not averse, in their attitudes toward collaboration with actors outside of civil society, particularly government agencies. Leaders of independent transnational NGOs evince concern over the implications of intersectoral collaboration for organizational legitimacy, whereas leaders of interdependent transnational NGOs appear to be attracted to the increased funding and recognition that intersectoral collaborations may provide. Further analysis of the perceived benefits and obstacles to collaboration reveals additional insights about the factors influencing leaders’ decisions to engage in or not to engage in intersectoral collaboration.
Género y turismo rural: el ejemplo de la costa coruñesa

The object of this paper is to demythologise the idea that rural tourism is a way of incorporating women onto the remunerated labour market. Through an analysis of the relations of gender we highlight that in tourism activity women play a role similar to that of the housewife and that this role is reinforced by tourism. She remains invisible whilst men monopolise all those tasks that require skilled training and maintain direct contact with the tourists. We examine the division of work according to gender, the working day and how they combine tasks from various areas of production.
Do mental health clinicians elicit a history of previous trauma in female psychiatric inpatients?

Abstract Background: A history of trauma is linked to the development of a wide range of mental health problems, and has long-lasting physiological and psychological consequences. The importance of clinicians directly questioning trauma history has been consistently emphasised in the literature. Aims: To investigate whether a trauma history is obtained from female psychiatry inpatients during an inpatient admission. Methods: The study was a retrospective file audit of 100 female patients admitted to the psychiatric ward of a major metropolitan Melbourne Hospital between December 2013 and November 2014. Results: In the files of 51% of patients there was no mention of whether or not the patient had a trauma-abuse history. Eight percent of patients had documentation stating there was no trauma-abuse history. Forty-one percent of the patients had documented evidence of a trauma-abuse history, although only 3% of these patients had a specific description provided. The presence of current illicit drug use and the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder were the only variables associated with an increase in the likelihood of having a documented trauma-abuse history. Conclusion: There is a need for clinician retraining, a trauma-informed care model and the incorporation of mandatory inquiry in best practice guidelines to generate a shift in culture in the delivery of mental health care services.
Time-resolved measurements of the optical properties of fibrous media using the anisotropic diffusion equation

Abstract. Transmittance and reflectance from spruce wood and bovine ligamentum nuchae as two different fibrous media are examined by time-of-flight spectroscopy for varying source detector separations and several orientations of the fibers in the sample. The anisotropic diffusion theory is used to obtain the absorption coefficient and the diffusion coefficients parallel and perpendicular to the fibers. The results are compared to those obtained with the isotropic diffusion theory. It is shown that for increasing source detector separations, the retrieved optical properties change as expected from Monte Carlo simulations performed in a previous study. This confirms that the anisotropic diffusion theory yields useful results for certain experimental conditions.
Growth Characteristics of Bartonella henselae in a Novel Liquid Medium: Primary Isolation, Growth-Phase-Dependent Phage Induction, and Metabolic Studies

ABSTRACT Bartonella henselae is a zoonotic pathogen that usually causes a self-limiting infection in immunocompetent individuals but often causes potentially life-threatening infections, such as bacillary angiomatosis, in immunocompromised patients. Both diagnosis of infection and research into the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis have been hindered by the absence of a suitable liquid growth medium. It has been difficult to isolate B. henselae directly from the blood of infected humans or animals or to grow the bacteria in liquid culture media under laboratory conditions. Therefore, we have developed a liquid growth medium that supports reproducible in vitro growth (3-h doubling time and a growth yield of approximately 5 × 108 CFU/ml) and permits the isolation of B. henselae from the blood of infected cats. During the development of this medium, we observed that B. henselae did not derive carbon and energy from the catabolism of glucose, which is consistent with genome nucleotide sequence data suggesting an incomplete glycolytic pathway. Of interest, B. henselae depleted amino acids from the culture medium and accumulated ammonia in the medium, an indicator of amino acid catabolism. Analysis of the culture medium throughout the growth cycle revealed that oxygen was consumed and carbon dioxide was generated, suggesting that amino acids were catabolized in a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-dependent mechanism. Additionally, phage particles were detected in the culture supernatants of stationary-phase B. henselae, but not in mid-logarithmic-phase culture supernatants. Enzymatic assays of whole-cell lysates revealed that B. henselae has a complete TCA cycle. Taken together, these data suggest B. henselae may catabolize amino acids but not glucose to derive carbon and energy from its host. Furthermore, the newly developed culture medium should improve isolation of B. henselae and basic research into the pathogenesis of the bacterium.
To Rank or To Be Ranked: The Impact of Global Rankings in Higher Education

Global university rankings have cemented the notion of a world university market arranged in a single “league table” for comparative purposes and have given a powerful impetus to intranational and international competitive pressures in the sector. Both the research rankings by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the composite rankings by the Times Higher Education Supplement have been widely publicised and already appear to have generated incentives in favour of greater system stratification and the concentration of elite researchers. However, global comparisons are possible only in relation to one model of institution, that of the comprehensive research intensive university, and for the most part are tailored to science-strong and English-speaking universities. Neither the Shanghai nor the Times rankings provide guidance on the quality of teaching. It is important to secure “clean” rankings, transparent, free of self-interest, and methodologically coherent, that create incentives to broad-based improvement.
American colonial monetary regimes: the failure of the quantity theory and some evidence in favour of an alternate view

Recent developments in monetary economics suggest that the manner in which money is introduced is more important, even for price level movements, than the quantity of money. Colonial American experience provides a laboratory for testing this view. It is shown that the nature of backing, rather than the quantity of money, determined its value. Large secular inflations were ended by changing the nature of backing, despite continued large note issues (and despite the absence of a metallic standard). Extremely large note issues and note withdrawals are shown not to have produced inflation (currency depreciation) or deflation (currency appreciation).
Is There a Threshold Level of Inflation for Bangladesh?

Given the argument that an excessively low inflation threshold in developed countries may hurt economic growth, the objective of this study is to examine whether a developing country's perspective is different. The empirical analysis is done using the annual data from Bangladesh for the period 1976 to 2005. A specific question that is addressed in this paper is what the threshold inflation rate is for Bangladesh. The findings clearly suggest that the increase in inflation from any level has negative effects on economic growth, and substantial gains can be obtained by focusing monetary policy towards maintaining price stability.
Population weighted growth, convergence clubs and objective 1 regions performance: delors I and II packages

This article analyses population weighted growth for the periods 1989–1993 and 1995–1999 in EU15 covering the period of time in which Delors I and II packages were operational. Two important results were found, first, the existence of a polarized growth either at the lowest or highest income levels that proves the existence of a twin-peak structure in the growth process and second a better performance of objective 1 regions than non-objective 1 regions during both periods of time, showing a tendency of objective 1 regions to catch up with the average EU15 income.
THE USAGE OF FACTORS IN A DUAL ECONOMY: SPECIALISATION IN THE CZECH FOREIGN TRADE

A B S T R A C T In this paper we aim at assessing the nature and patterns in the specialisation of foreign trade in a country in transition. We evaluate how the industrial specialisation in foreign trade was influenced by supply-side characteristics of production by using a variant of the index of revealed comparative advantage. Since industries and firms in an economy in transition are at a different level of restructuring, the standard methods of estimation fail to reveal the diverse behavioural patterns of producers which, on average, counterbalance the disparate impacts of each other. Thus we have applied an alternative statistical method based on least trimmed squares of residuals which could help separate the subpopulations of firms with opposite strategies for a location of production.