Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intervention Analysis in Teaching Reading Comprehension through Dynamic Assessment: Heron's Perspective

Teachers’ verbal behavior is a key contributor to provision of appropriate indirect intervention in language learning contexts; however, it is surprising that professionals in ELT, to date, have not proposed a structured oral/verbal framework to deliver intervention and assistance in language learning contexts. To help redress this gap, Heron’s Six-Category Intervention Analysis was adapted to put forward a new method to regulate the verbal behavior and actual sentences used by the instructors to intervene in the language learning contexts. 175 Iranian EFL learners taking general English courses with teaching reading comprehension skills and strategies in focus participated in four experimental groups and one control group. Five 35-member groups included control, written mediation only, authoritative intervention, facilitative intervention, and synergetic authoritative-facilitative interventions. Preliminary English Test was employed to evaluate the performance of language learners on their reading comprehension. Results indicated that firstly application of Six-Category Intervention Analysis while providing dynamic assessment induced significant changes in the performance of the groups. Secondly, facilitative intervention, and synergetic authoritative-facilitative interventions groups, generally outperformed other groups with the former ranking first in three, and the latter in two of the six reading comprehension tests.
A CRITIQUE OF THE STANDARD COSMOLOGICAL MODEL

According to the standard cosmological model, 27 % of the Universe consists of some mysterious dark matter, 68 % consists of even more mysterious dark energy, whereas only less than 5 % corresponds to baryonic matter composed from known elementary particles. The main purpose of this paper is to show that the proposed ratio 27 : 5 between the amount of dark matter and baryonic matter is considerably overestimated. Dark matter and partly also dark energy might result from inordinate extrapolations, since reality is identified with its mathematical model. Especially, we should not apply results that were verified on the scale of the Solar System during several hundreds of years to the whole Universe and extremely long time intervals without any bound of the modeling error.
M2 Internal Tides and Their Observed Wavenumber Spectra from Satellite Altimetry

AbstractA near-global chart of surface elevations associated with the stationary M2 internal tide is empirically constructed from multimission satellite altimeter data. An advantage of a strictly empirical mapping approach is that results are independent of assumptions about ocean wave dynamics and, in fact, can be used to test such assumptions. A disadvantage is that present-day altimeter coverage is only marginally adequate to support mapping such short-wavelength features. Moreover, predominantly north–south ground-track orientations and contamination from nontidal oceanographic variability can lead to deficiencies in mapped tides. Independent data from Cryosphere Satellite-2 (CryoSat-2) and other altimeters are used to test the solutions and show positive reduction in variance except in regions of large mesoscale variability. The tidal fields are subjected to two-dimensional wavenumber spectral analysis, which allows for the construction of an empirical map of modal wavelengths. Mode-1 wavelengths sho.
Relativistic effects in the semileptonic 
Bc
 decays to charmonium with the Bethe-Salpeter method

Relativistic effects are important in the rigorous study of heavy quarks. In this paper, we study the relativistic corrections of semileptonic $B_c$ decays to charmonium with the instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter method. Within the Bethe-Salpeter framework, we use two methods to study the relativistic effects. One of them is to expand the transition amplitude in powers of $\vec{q}$ which is the relative momentum between the quark and antiquark, and the other is to expand the amplitude base on the wave functions. In the level of decay width, the results show that, for the transition of $B_c\to \eta_c$, the relativistic correction is about $22\%$; for $B_c\to J/\psi$, it is about $19\%$; the relativistic effects of $1P$ final states are about $14\sim46\%$ larger than those of $1S$ final states; for $2S$ final states, they are about $19\sim 28\%$ larger than those of $1S$ final states; for $3S$ final states, they are about $12\sim13\%$ larger than those of $2S$ final states; for $2P$ final states, they are about $10\sim14\%$ larger than those of $1P$ final states; for $3P$ final states, they are about $7\sim12\%$ larger than those of $2P$ final states. We conclude that the relativistic corrections of the $B_c$ decays to the orbitally or radially excited charmonium (2S, 3S, 1P, 2P, 3P) are quite large.
Alternative Composite Nanosorbents Based on Turkish Perlite for the Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution

New nanocomposite sorbents were synthesized and used for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution by modifying Turkish perlite with α-MnO2 (PAM) and γ-Fe2O3 (PGI) nanoparticles. Nanocomposite sorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR. The effects of several parameters such as contact time, amount of sorbent, pH, and concentration were investigated and it was found that the sorption capacity for Cr(VI) was found to be highly pH dependent. Also the experimental data were evaluated in terms of different isotherm models. The data of PGI were well fit to DR isotherm model whereas PAM data were well described with Temkin isotherm model. The sorption capacities were found to be 8.64 and 7.6 mg g−1 for PGI and PAM, respectively. This confirms that these nanocomposites retain the constituent nanoparticle properties while being macroscopic particles suitable for chromium removal in water treatment.
Rethinking Potential Output: Embedding Information About the Financial Cycle

This paper argues that incorporating information about the financial cycle is important to improve measures of potential output and output gaps. Conceptually, identifying potential output with non-inflationary output is too restrictive. Potential output is seen as sustainable; yet experience indicates that output may be on an unsustainable path even if inflation is low and stable whenever financial imbalances are building up. More generally, as long as potential output is identified with the non-cyclical component of output fluctuations and financial factors play a key role in explaining the cyclical part, ignoring these factors leaves out valuable information. Within a simple and transparent framework, we show that including information about the financial cycle can yield measures of potential output and output gaps that are not only estimated more precisely, but also much more robust in real time. In the context of policy applications, such "finance-neutral" output gaps are shown to yield more reliable estimates of cyclically adjusted budget balances and to serve as complementary guides for monetary policy.
CSR REPORTING BY THE TOP10 ESTONIAN COMPANIES RATED BY PROFIT GROWTH

Nowadays more and more companies all over the world have been providing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) related information. As a result many companies today implement CSR strategies and disclose respective information either via standalone CSR reporting or through their websites. In Estonia today there are no governmental requirements related to the disclosure of non-financial information, but companies quoted at the Tallinn Stock Exchange have already started to prepare standalone CSR reports and include non-financial information into their annual reports. Most companies provide CSR related information on their websites making it visible and easily accessible for the users. This article presents the survey of CSR reporting by the Top10 Estonian companies (ranked by profit growth) conducted by studying annual reports and websites of the selected companies for the year 2012. The criteria for the choice, and presentation of information were tailored to the template developed by Ashridge Business School. The research results revealed that there is a growing trend of CSR reporting among the leading Estonian business companies, however companies are not willing to prepare standalone CSR reports and prefer to disclose CSR related information via either website and/or via annual report, which may be related to such factors as time, human resources and practical knowledge and skills. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.em. 19.3. 7725
The stellar populations of early-type galaxies – II. The effects of environment and mass

The degree of influence that the environment and mass have on the stellar populations of early-type galaxies is uncertain. In this paper, we present the results of a spectroscopic analysis of the stellar populations of early-type galaxies aimed at addressing this question. The sample of galaxies is drawn from four clusters, with 〈z〉 = 0.04, and their surrounding structure extending to ∼ 10R vir . We find that the distributions of the absorption-line strengths and the stellar population parameters, age, metallicity and α-element abundance ratio, do not differ significantly between the clusters and their outskirts, but the tight correlations found between these quantities and the velocity dispersion within the clusters are weaker in their outskirts. All three stellar population parameters of cluster galaxies are positively correlated with the velocity dispersion. Galaxies in clusters form a homogeneous class of objects that have similar distributions of line-strengths and stellar population parameters, and follow similar scaling relations, regardless of the cluster richness or morphology. We estimate the intrinsic scatter of the Gaussian distribution of metallicities to be 0.3 dex, while that of the α-element abundance ratio is 0.07 dex. The e-folding time of the exponential distribution of galaxy ages is estimated to be 900 Myr. The intrinsic scatters of the metallicity and α-element abundance ratio distributions can almost entirely be accounted for by the correlations with the velocity dispersion and the intrinsic scatter about these relations. This implies that the galaxy mass plays a major role in determining its stellar population.
Importance of sulfate radical anion formation and chemistry in heterogeneous OH oxidation of sodium methyl sulfate, the smallest organosulfate

Abstract. Organosulfates are important organosulfur compounds present in atmospheric particles. While the abundance, composition, and formation mechanisms of organosulfates have been extensively investigated, it remains unclear how they transform and evolve throughout their atmospheric lifetime. To acquire a fundamental understanding of how organosulfates chemically transform in the atmosphere, this work investigates the heterogeneous OH radical-initiated oxidation of sodium methyl sulfate (CH3SO4Na) droplets, the smallest organosulfate detected in atmospheric particles, using an aerosol flow tube reactor at a high relative humidity (RH) of 85 %. Aerosol mass spectra measured by a soft atmospheric pressure ionization source (direct analysis in real time, DART) coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer showed that neither functionalization nor fragmentation products are detected. Instead, the ion signal intensity of the bisulfate ion (HSO4−) has been found to increase significantly after OH oxidation. We postulate that sodium methyl sulfate tends to fragment into a formaldehyde (CH2O) and a sulfate radical anion (SO4 ⋅ −) upon OH oxidation. The formaldehyde is likely partitioned back to the gas phase due to its high volatility. The sulfate radical anion, similar to OH radical, can abstract a hydrogen atom from neighboring sodium methyl sulfate to form the bisulfate ion, contributing to the secondary chemistry. Kinetic measurements show that the heterogeneous OH reaction rate constant, k, is (3.79 ± 0.19) × 10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 with an effective OH uptake coefficient, γeff, of 0.17 ± 0.03. While about 40 % of sodium methyl sulfate is being oxidized at the maximum OH exposure (1.27 × 1012 molecule cm−3 s), only a 3 % decrease in particle diameter is observed. This can be attributed to a small fraction of particle mass lost via the formation and volatilization of formaldehyde. Overall, we firstly demonstrate that the heterogeneous OH oxidation of an organosulfate can lead to the formation of sulfate radical anion and produce inorganic sulfate. Fragmentation processes and sulfate radical anion chemistry play a key role in determining the compositional evolution of sodium methyl sulfate during heterogeneous OH oxidation.
SIRE-DP-2008-34 Do Institutions Matter for Foreign Direct Investment ?

In this paper the role of institutions in determining foreign direct investment (FDI) is investigated using a large panel of 107 countries during 1981 and 2005. We find that institutions are a robust predictor of FDI and that the most significant institutional aspects are linked to propriety rights, the rule of law and expropriation risk. Using a novel data set, we also study the impact of institutions on FDI at the sectoral level. We find that institutions do not have a significant impact on FDI in the primary sector but that institutional quality matters for FDI in manufacturing and particularly in services. We also provide policy implications for institutional reform.
Deep Structured Models for Text Understanding

A key problem for unstructured text understanding is to identify the relevant actors in each document and their semantic relationship. Jointly solving various text semantic understanding tasks has recently raised researchers’ attention. While structured graphic models encountered a fair amount of success in NLP in the past decades, they have recently been superseded by deep neural networks. This thesis is concerned with developing tools to jointly solve multiple entity analysis tasks using deep structured model. Particularly, we focus on two core NLP tasks that have shown to be interdependent: first, coreference resolution, which consists of clustering together mentions of the same entity within a document, and second, entity disambiguation (ED), which involves resolving entities in a source document to a target entry in a knowledge base such as Wikipedia. Our independent systems can efficiently learn neural semantic features with deep learning for both tasks, which performs quite well in ED but not as well in coreference. One of the challenges in coreference resolution is that it requires taking into consideration many linguistic phenomena: constraints arise from syntax, semantics, discourse, and pragmatics. The scenario makes it difficult to build effective learningbased resolution systems without using hand-crafted features. We then show that a set of simple features inspecting surface lexical properties together with our neural semantic features based on vector embedding can capture a range of these effects and make efficient, high-performing independent baseline systems for both coreference and entity disambiguation. To exploit world knowledge of semantics, we then turn to the task of ED and tackle it jointly with coreference. On the one hand, the coreference model can learn knowledge from a broader resource base (e.g. Wikipedia). Our ED model, on the other hand, can draw on information from multiple mentions of the same coreference cluster we are attempting to resolve. All parameters in both individual models can be automatically backpropagated and optimized on a self-defined structured loss function through the entire network, making it possible to learn more informative feature representation. At prediction time, we employ approximate inference to find the best resolution sequence for all mentions within a document. We see performance gains over each independent model, which suggests that deeper integration of various parts of the NLP stack is a natural way to yield a better understanding of the text.
Non-destructive measurement of canopy cover is an alternative to biomass sampling at anthesis to predict yield of canola-quality Brassica juncea

Biomass at anthesis is an important trait in predicting yield of Brassica oilseeds in environments where seed filling occurs in dry and warm conditions. This study aimed to compare the ability of non-destructive canopy cover measurements (Sunfleck ceptometer and digital photography) with direct biomass sampling at anthesis to predict the yield of canola-quality B. juncea (juncea canola) hybrids. Field experiments were conducted in the Victorian Mallee (226-248 mm annual rainfall) and the Wimmera (266-407 mm annual rainfall) regions from 2012 to 2014. Nineteen juncea canola genotypes were sown in the first year and 10 to 11 genotypes in the subsequent two years of field experiments. The experimental plots were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Days to 50% flowering, canopy cover and biomass at 50% flowering and seed yield were recorded. The study concluded that at low rainfall sites (<250 mm annual rainfall), the canopy cover measurements had consistent and significant positive relationships with biomass at anthesis (r 2 =0.43-0.61 in 2012 and r 2 =0.72 in 2013) and seed yield (r 2 =0.25-0.41 in 2012 and r 2 =0.51 in 2013). Canopy cover also showed a positive and significant relationship with early flowering (r 2 =0.52 in 2012 and r 2 =0.60 in 2013) at the relatively low rainfall site. These results suggest that non-destructive canopy cover measurement could replace direct biomass sampling at anthesis in prediction of yield of juncea canola hybrids in low rainfall environments.
Feeding ecology of myctophid fishes in the northern Scotia Sea

The diets of 9 species of myctophid fishes, Electrona carlsbergi, E. antarctica, Gymno- scopelus fraseri, G. nicholsi, G. braueri, Protomyctophum bolini, P. choriodon, Krefftichthys ander- ssoni and Nannobrachium achirus, were investigated during austral autumn in the northern Scotia Sea. Based on the percent index of relative importance (%IRI), the data suggest dietary specialisation in some species, which may permit resource partitioning. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analy- sis of Bray-Curtis similarity (60% threshold) separated the myctophid community into distinct feed- ing guilds. One group (G. braueri and E. antarctica) fed principally on Themisto gaudichaudii, another (P. choriodon and G. fraseri) primarily on copepods (Metridia spp. and Rhincalanus gigas), and a third group (G. nicholsi and P. bolini) consumed copepods and euphausids (mostly Metridia spp. and Euphausia frigida). The diets of E. carlsbergi and K. anderssoni differed from the other spe- cies, with E. carlsbergi being the only species that consumed salps. There was a general switch in diet from copepods to euphausiids and amphipods as the myctophid predator size increased. Dietary spe- cialisation is likely the result of a combination of predator size, gape size, filtering capacity of the gill rakers and the vertical distribution of predators and prey. Antarctic krill were only consumed by the larger myctophids, which represented a numerically minor part of the myctophid community, sup- porting the concept that myctophids can provide a krill-independent link between secondary produc- tion and higher trophic levels. However, the northern Scotia Sea is dominated by adult krill, which are only suitable as prey for larger fish. In the northern Scotia Sea, myctophid predation had a very small impact on copepod production but a higher impact on macrozooplankton, with a best-estimate of 4% of the daily production of Themisto gaudichaudii and 6% of that of Euphausia superba being consumed.
Dynamic links between ICT, transport energy, environmental degradation and growth: empirical evidence from Tunisia

The transport sector, particularly road transport, is a major factor in the overall emissions balance of the substances involved in air pollution for the majority of developing countries. This paper investigates the dynamic links between information and communication technology (ICT), transport energy, environmental degradation and growth for Tunisia. The authors used a Johansen co-integration analysis to determine this econometric relationship using data during 1990–2015. In order to test the Granger causality links in the short and long run, a panel Vector Error Correction Model is used. The variance decomposition is used to confirm the existing links between the different variables. Different results are found. These findings show the existence of bidirectional in short- and long-run causality between transport energy and CO2 emissions. By cons, ICT does not minimize significantly pollution in Tunisia. These findings are very important for the transport sector and in terms of the choice of government policy decisions in order to minimize the pollution.
An estimate of Lagrangian eddy statistics and diffusion in the mixed layer of the Southern Ocean

A statistical analysis of surface drifter observations is used to compute eddy length and time scales and eddy diffusion in the Southern Ocean. Eddy diffusion values of the order of 10(4) m(2) s(-1) are found in the energetic western boundary currents north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and secondary peaks occur where the ACC negotiates topography. the diffusivity shows an increase from the Antarctic continent to the core of the ACC. then a slight decrease or a stable plateau within the ACC. North of the ACC, diffusivity generally decreases into the interior of ocean basins. except ill the western boundary regions where values are maximum. Diffusivity is also calculated front simulated trajectories based on altimetric geostrophic velocities with and without mean flow, as well as with simulated trajectories based on Ekman currents. Ekman currents at the drogue depth (15 m) have only a small impact, and file geostrophic currents dominate the eddy diffusivity. Complementary statistical analyses confirm these results. the surface drifter cross-stream eddy diffusion is used to test a simple parameterization bawd oil satellite altimetric observations of eddy kinetic enemy (EKE). For EKE >= 0.015 m(2) s(-2), K = 1.35 root EKELd m(2) s(-1), where L-d is the first baroclinic Rossby radius. This parameterization holds ill the energetic ACC consistent with an eddy field ill the "frozen field" regime. Over the broader areas of weaker eddy fields. mixing is fairly uniform and stable at about K = 1800 +/- 1000 m(2) s(-1).
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Intervertebral disc degeneration

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