Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OBSERVATIONS OF BINARY STARS WITH THE DIFFERENTIAL SPECKLE SURVEY INSTRUMENT. III. MEASURES BELOW THE DIFFRACTION LIMIT OF THE WIYN TELESCOPE

In this paper, we study the ability of CCD- and electron-multiplying-CCD-based speckle imaging to obtain reliable astrometry and photometry of binary stars below the diffraction limit of the WIYN 3.5 m Telescope. We present a total of 120 measures of binary stars, 75 of which are below the diffraction limit. The measures are divided into two groups that have different measurement accuracy and precision. The first group is composed of standard speckle observations, that is, a sequence of speckle images taken in a single filter, while the second group consists of paired observations where the two observations are taken on the same observing run and in different filters. The more recent paired observations were taken simultaneously with the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument, which is a two-channel speckle imaging system. In comparing our results to the ephemeris positions of binaries with known orbits, we find that paired observations provide the opportunity to identify cases of systematic error in separation below the diffraction limit and after removing these from consideration, we obtain a linear measurement uncertainty of 3–4 mas. However, if observations are unpaired or if two observations taken in the same filter are paired, it becomes harder to identify cases of systematic error, presumably because the largest source of this error is residual atmospheric dispersion, which is color dependent. When observations are unpaired, we find that it is unwise to report separations below approximately 20 mas, as these are most susceptible to this effect. Using the final results obtained, we are able to update two older orbits in the literature and present preliminary orbits for three systems that were discovered by Hipparcos.
D-band LNA using a 40-nm GaAs mHEMT technology

A D-band LNA is reported serving as a test vehicle of an under-development 40 nm GaAs HEMT technology developed by OMMIC foundry. The amplifier, designed on the basis of custom small-signal equivalent-circuit models, is featured by state-of-the-art performance, and in particular has a noise figure as low as 4 dB at 140 GHz and a gain higher than 20 dB approximately from 115 GHz to 160 GHz. The main steps of the non-standard design flow are also illustrated, hinged on two main ideas: a closed-form analysis of the input/output matching bounds of the active devices, on the one hand, and an efficient optimization approach to shift the reference planes of EM-simulated networks, on the other.
Relative validation of a food frequency questionnaire to estimate food intake in an adult population

ABSTRACT Background: Scientifically valid descriptions of dietary intake at population level are crucial for investigating diet effects on health and disease. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are the most common dietary tools used in large epidemiological studies. Objective: To examine the relative validity of a newly developed FFQ to be used as dietary assessment tool in epidemiological studies. Design: Validity was evaluated by comparing the FFQ and a 4-day weighed food record (4-d FR) at nutrient and food group levels, Spearman’s correlations, Bland–Altman analysis and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used. Fifty-six participants completed a paper format FFQ and a 4-d FR within 4 weeks. Results: Corrected correlations between the two instruments ranged from 0.27 (carbohydrates) to 0.55 (protein), and at food group level from 0.09 (soup) to 0.92 (alcohol). Nine out of 25 food groups showed correlations > 0.5, indicating moderate validity. More than half the food groups were overestimated in the FFQ, especially vegetables (82.8%) and fruits (56.3%). Water, tea and coffee were underestimated (–14.0%). Conclusions: The FFQ showed moderate relative validity for protein and the food groups fruits, egg, meat, sausage, nuts, salty snacks and beverages. This study supports the use of the FFQ as an acceptable tool for assessing nutrition as a health determinant in large epidemiological studies.
Linear regression with many controls of limited explanatory power

We consider inference about a scalar coefficient in a linear regression model. One previously considered approach to dealing with many controls imposes sparsity, that is, it is assumed known that nearly all control coefficients are (very nearly) zero. We instead impose a bound on the quadratic mean of the controls' effect on the dependent variable, which also has an interpretation as an R 2‐type bound on the explanatory power of the controls. We develop a simple inference procedure that exploits this additional information in general heteroskedastic models. We study its asymptotic efficiency properties and compare it to a sparsity‐based approach in a Monte Carlo study. The method is illustrated in three empirical applications.
Life-Cycle Efficacy for Educational Technology: Best-Practices for Leading Schools

Though the process of qualitative analytical research, historical analysis is applied to evaluate the degree to which public K-12 school districts in Central New York are transparently reporting information regarding their educational technology and whether this process of communication aligns with a literature-based framework for educational technology life-cycle efficacy. Through digital artifact analysis of 10 educational school districts, which account for roughly 52,000 students and annual budget allocations of $840 million, the authors conclude that this sample of school districts were not transparently communicating information pertaining to educational technology and their life-cycle efficacy was not being communicated in accordance with best-practices acknowledged in relevant literature.
1 Revisiting Leadership Characteristics of the Glass Cliff Phenomenon : Gender Typed ?

The glass cliff phenomenon, where women tend to be more likely to be promoted to leadership roles in times of crisis (Ryan & Haslam, 2005), has been hypothesized to be caused by a number of possible factors, including stereotypic views. Further, the glass cliff phenomenon poses detrimental consequences for women. In this study, we aimed to replicate the Bruckmüller and Branscombe (2010) study to determine whether gender stereotypes relate to people’s perceptions of desirable leadership traits under the paradigms “think manager – think male” and “think crisis – think female. ” Students with work experience were asked to rate a list of 58 traits on two bi-polar scales related to gender and leadership in organizations during times of success and crisis. Although some traits were in fact rated as being representatively male or female and characteristic of being needed in times of crisis or success, there was very little overlap with the desirable gender-typed leadership traits and the paradigm was not supported.
Modular Hydrogels for Drug Delivery

The development of novel drug delivery systems is an essential step toward controlled site-specific administration of therapeutics within the body. It is desirable for delivery vehicles to be introduced into the body through minimally invasive means and, these vehicles should be capable of releasing drug to their intended location at a controlled rate. Furthermore, it is desirable to develop drug delivery systems that are capable of in vivo to suffer degradation and to deliver the drug completely, avoiding the need to surgically remove the vehicle at the end of its useful lifetime. Hydrogels are of particular interest for drug delivery applications due to their ability to address these needs in addition to their good biocompatibility, tunable network structure to control the diffusion of drugs and, tunable affinity for drugs. However, hydrogels are also limited for drug delivery applications due to the often quick elution of drug from their highly swollen polymer matrices as well as the difficulty inherent in the injection of macroscopic hydrogels into the body. This paper presents an overview to the advances in hydrogels based drug delivery. Different types of hydrogels can be used for drug delivery to specific sites in the gastrointestinal tract ranging from the oral cavity to the colon. These novel systems exhibit a range of several peculiar properties which make them attractive as controlled drug release formulations. Moreover, such materials are biocompatible and can be formulated to give controlled, pulsed, and triggered drug release profiles in a variety of tissues.
Regner , Tobias Working Paper Social preferences ? : Google answers !

We analyse pricing, e¤ort and tipping decisions in the online service Google Answers. While users set a price for the answer to their question ex ante, they can additionally give a tip to the researcher ex post. In line with the related experimental literature we nd evidence that tipping is motivated by reciprocity, but also by reputation concerns among frequent users. Moreover, researchers seem to adjust their e¤ort based on the users previous tipping behaviour. An e¢ cient sorting takes place when enough tip history is available. Users known for tipping in the past receive higher e¤ort answers, while users with an established reputation for non-tipping tend to get low e¤ort answers. In addition, we analyse how tipping is adopted when the behavioural default is not to tip and estimate minimum levels for the fraction of genuine reciprocator and imitator types. 1 I am grateful to Maija Halonen-Akatwijuka and Sebastien Mitraille for valuable discussions and to seminar participants at the University of Bristol, the Royal Economic Society Annual Congress, the World Congress of the Econometric Society, the Max-Planck Institute Jena summer school and the Verein für Socialpolitik Congress in particular to David Winter, Jürgen Bracht, Osiris Parcero, Klaus Schmidt, Matthias Wibral, Astrid Matthey and Ondrej Rydval for their comments. 1 Jena Economic Research Papers 2009 035
Monogamy Agreements in Male Same-Sex Couples: Associations With Relationship Quality and Individual Well-Being

In this study, the authors explored whether type of sexual agreement (for monogamy, unrestricted nonmonogamy, or restricted nonmonogamy) is associated with the relationship quality and psychological well-being of men in same-sex relationships. A geographically diverse sample of 219 U.S. men in cohabiting same-sex relationships reported on sexual agreement type, several relationship characteristics central to long-term couple health, and two indices of psychological well-being (depressive symptoms and internalized heterosexism). Results indicated no differences by sexual agreement type in the majority of indices of relationship health, including self-reported relationship satisfaction, hostile conflict, felt constraint, confidence in the relationship, and perceived instability. There were also no group differences in depressive symptoms or internalized heterosexism. However, men in relationships with nonmonogamous agreements reported higher perceived quality of alternatives to their relationship and lower dedication commitment than did those with monogamous agreements. These findings add to a growing literature suggesting that male same-sex relationships that adopt nonmonogamous agreements can be quite healthy and happy but raise the possibility that nonmonogamy may create some vulnerability to long-term couple stability by raising attractiveness of alternatives to the relationship and lowering commitment.
Knockdown of myeloid cell hypoxia-inducible factor-1α ameliorates the acute pathology in DSS-induced colitis

Inflammation and hypoxia are hallmarks of inflammatory bowel disease. Low oxygen levels activate hypoxia-inducible factors as central transcriptional regulators of cellular responses to hypoxia, particularly in myeloid cells where hypoxia-inducible factors control immune cell function and survival. Still, the role of myeloid hypoxia-inducible factor-1 during inflammatory bowel disease remains poorly defined. We therefore investigated the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 for myeloid cell function and immune response during colitis. Experimental colitis was induced by administration of 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium to mice with a conditional knockout of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in myeloid cells and their wild type siblings. Murine colon tissue was examined by histologic analysis, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Induction of experimental colitis increased levels of hypoxia and accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α positive cells in colon tissue of both treated groups. Myeloid hypoxia-inducible factor-1α knockout reduced weight loss and disease activity index when compared to wild type mice. Knockout mice displayed less infiltration of macrophages into intestinal mucosa and reduced mRNA expression of markers for dendritic cells and interleukin-17 secreting T helper cells. Expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines also showed a reduced and delayed induction in myeloid hypoxia-inducible factor-1α knockout mice. Our results show a disease promoting role of myeloid hypoxia-inducible factor-1 during intestinal inflammation. This might result from a hypoxia-inducible factor-1 dependent increase in pro-inflammatory interleukin-17 secreting T helper cells in the absence of obvious changes in regulatory T cells. In contrast, knockout mice appear to shift the balance to anti-inflammatory signals and cells resulting in milder intestinal inflammation.
PHASE TRANSITIONS IN SELF-GRAVITATING SYSTEMS

We discuss the nature of phase transitions in self-gravitating systems. We show the connection between the binary star model of Padmanabhan, the thermodynamics of stellar systems and the thermodynamics of self-gravitating fermions. We stress the inequivalence of statistical ensembles for systems with long-range interactions, like gravity. In particular, we contrast the microcanonical evolution of stellar systems from the canonical evolution of self-gravitating Brownian particles. At low energies, self-gravitating Hamiltonian systems experience a gravothermal catastrophe in the microcanonical ensemble. At low temperatures, self-gravitating Brownian systems experience an isothermal collapse in the canonical ensemble. For classical particles, the gravothermal catastrophe leads to a binary star surrounded by a hot halo while the isothermal collapse leads to a Dirac peak containing all the mass. For self-gravitating fermions, the collapse stops when quantum degeneracy comes into play through the Pauli exclusio.
Evaluation of Calcium, Phosphorus and Alkaline Phosphatase in Dirofilaria immitis Infection in Dogs

Filariasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases caused by the filaroid nematodes with a worldwide distribution and affects man, animals and birds. Heartworm disease, caused by the filarial nematode, Dirofilaria immitis, is a major, potentially life-threatening disease of dogs, with worldwide distribution and global significance. It is not only veterinary important but it also has zoonotic potential in many regions. Heartworm disease is a serious but preventable mosquito-borne parasitic disease that primarily affects dogs and cats. The current study was conducted on 80, 3-5 years old mix breed dogs suspected of dirofilariasis in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz and rural around Tabriz. Direct method and the modified knott's method were used for diagnosis of the parasitic microfilaria. Some parameters including Calcium, Phosphorus and Alkaline phosphatase were determined. The results of the present study indicated that 20 of the 80 examined dogs were infected by Dirofilaria immitis microfiler and the prevalence of dirofilariasis was 25%. The mean levels of ALP, total Bilirubin and indirect Bilirubin in infected dogs were significantly higher than the uninfected dogs (p 0/05). As a result, the parasite has side effects in liver, bile ducts and red blood cells. Some changes were detected in biochemical parameters in dogs with dirofilariasis so attention must be paid to them in diagnosis and treatment.
Inflating branes inside Abelian strings

We study a 6-dimensional brane world model with an abelian string residing in the two extra dimensions. We study both static as well as inflating branes and find analytic solutions for the case of trivial matter fields in the bulk. Next to singular spacetimes, we also find solutions which are regular including cigarlike universes as well as solutions with periodic metric functions. These latter solutions arise if in a singular spacetime a static brane is replaced by an inflating brane. We determine the pattern of generic solutions for positive, negative and zero bulk cosmological constant.
An analysis of gambling expenditure across countries.

This study hypothesized that gambling expenditure across countries was positively related to income and negatively related to uncertainty avoidance. Statistical analyses using secondary data were conducted to test the hypotheses. The results of a multivariate linear regression using income and uncertainty avoidance as the independent variables and gambling expenditure as the dependent variable showed that the two independent variables were significantly related to gambling expenditure. The two independent variables explained 56 percent of the variance in the dependent variable. An exponential model with only income as the independent variable, however, accounted for 72 percent of the variance in gambling expenditure. The results showed that income alone accounted for a substantial amount of variance in gambling expenditure. The study discussed the implications of the results.
Long-term Management of Immunosuppression After Pediatric Liver Transplantation : Is Minimization or Withdrawal Desirable and / or Possible ?

Purpose of Review—The aim of this review is to review available data regarding the risks and benefits of indefinite immunosuppression versus attempted immunosuppression withdrawal for children who have undergone liver transplantation. Recent Findings—Emerging data suggest that conventional immunosuppression practices may well be responsible for a substantial proportion of the long-term mortality and morbidity burden borne by pediatric liver transplant recipients. The cumulative risk of chronic kidney disease, infection, malignancy, and cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia appear to threaten the health and well-being of children more than that of acute or chronic allograft rejection. In parallel, single center experiences have suggested that gradual immunosuppression withdrawal can be done safely with higher success rates in pediatric compared to adult liver transplant recipients. The coalescence of these two data streams has engendered substantial interest in systematic exploration of the safety and efficacy of immunosuppression withdrawal in conjunction with a vigorous scientific effort to elucidate an immunologic signature predictive of succesful withdrawal. Summary—There is a concerted effort within the transplant community to identify biomarkers that can accurately predict the success of immunosuppression withdrawal after liver transplantation. Freedom from lifelong immunosuppression is likely to yield considerable benefit, particularly for children who face the longest lifetime horizons.
Title Invitro assessment of antiretroviral drugs demonstrates potential for ototoxicity

Several studies have reported an increased incidence of auditory dysfunction among HIV/AIDS patients. We used auditory HEI-OC1 cells in cell viability, flow cytometry and caspases 3/7-activation studies to investigate the potential ototoxicity of fourteen HIV antiretroviral agents: Abacavir, AZT, Delavirdine, Didenosine, Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, Indinavir, Lamivudine, Nefinavir, Nevirapine, Tenofovir, Ritonavir, Stavudine and Zalcitabine, as well as combinations of these agents as used in the common anti-HIV cocktails Atripla , Combivir , Epzicom , Trizivir , and Truvada . Our results suggested that most of the single assayed anti-HIV drugs are toxic for HEI-OC1 auditory cells. The cocktails, on the other hand, decreased auditory cells’ viability with high significance, with the following severity gradient: Epzicom w Trizivir >> Atripla w Combivir > Truvada. Interestingly, our results suggest that Trizivirand Epzicom-induced cell death would be mediated by a caspase-independent mechanism. L-Carnitine, a natural micronutrient known to protect HEI-OC1 cells against some ototoxic drugs as well as to decrease neuropathies associated with anti-HIV treatments, increased viability of cells treated with Lamivudine and Tenofovir as well as with the cocktail Atripla, but had only minor effects on cells treated with other drugs and drug combinations. Altogether, these results suggest that some frequently used anti-HIV agents could have deleterious effects on patients’ hearing, and provide arguments in favor of additional studies aimed at elucidating the potential ototoxicity of current as well as future anti-HIV drugs. 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Study of material loss in mm-wave RLSA with honeycomb structure

Analysis of the electrical properties of dielectric materials, which were used to fill an oversized radial waveguide of the RLSA, was carried out at 32 GHz. The use of multiple layers is indispensable to meet the requirements for space-use RLSA, and the electrical properties (permittivity, loss factor) need to be specified accurately in order to design the slot array and optimize the antenna performances. Simulation results of the waveguide filled with NOMEX® honeycomb structure suggested a significant material loss at 32 GHz. The measurement results of fabricated antennas supported this anticipation.dielectric materials,oversized radial waveguide
Vibration Reduction and Performance Enhancement of Helicopter Rotors Using an Active/Passive Approach

Active/passive optimization of helicopter rotor blades for vibration reduction and performance enhancement at high advance ratios is studied. Dynamic stall is the dominant source of high vibration levels for this flight regime. In the active/passive approach, active control of vibration and required rotor power is implemented with partial span trailingedge flaps operating according to a closed-loop control algorithm. The blade/flap combination is optimized simultaneously using the Ecient Global Optimization (EGO) algorithm. However, due to strong trade-os between the objective functions, there is no single best active/passive configuration for reduced vibration levels and power consumption. Therefore, a surrogate based multi-objective function optimization approach is employed to find the active/passive configurations corresponding to the best trade-os between vibration and performance characteristics.
Canopy gap size influences niche partitioning of the ground-layer plant community in a northern temperate forest

The Gap Partitioning Hypothesis (GPH) posits that gaps create heterogeneity in resources crucial for tree regeneration in closed-canopy forests, allowing trees with contrasting strategies to coexist along resource gradients. Few studies have examined gap partitioning of temperate, ground-layer vascular plants. We used a ground-layer plant community of a temperate deciduous forest in northern Wisconsin, USA, as a model system to test whether the GPH extends to the relatively species-rich ground layer. We used a well-replicated experimental approach that included a gap opening gradient (five gap sizes, 6, 10, 20, 30 and 46 m diameter, and undisturbed reference areas), a within-gap location gradient (gap edge to center), and a temporal gradient (0, 2, 6 and 13 years after gap creation). The data were observations of ground-layer plant abundance, published plant traits, and a modeled index of understory light environments.