Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Organizational Intervention to Reduce Physician Burnout

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Burnout is an individual’s specific, personal, and intimate stress reaction to the workplace, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced self-efficacy. Even though it particularly affects the helping professions, there has been relatively little exploration into the causes and determinants of burnout among physicians; instead, the focus has been on documenting the prevalence and consequences of physician burnout. Furthermore, while the theory of burnout is based on the relationship between the individual and his or her workplace, interventions have focused on improving the resilience of an individual to withstand this imbalance rather than identifying and ameliorating the cause. This study observed a natural experiment to measure changes in primary care providers’ burnout before and after the implementation of a workload intervention that changed the work process within primary care clinics. Four clinics received the intervention, while four others served as comparisons. Among physicians in clinics receiving the intervention, the results show significant impacts, with an improvement in workload of 0.61 units (p = 0.037) and a decrease in the emotional exhaustion dimension of burnout of 6.989 units (p = 0.039). Self-care interventions are inconsistent with the theory of burnout; success of such interventions may be due to participants self-selecting these interventions, and individuals’ inability to change their workplace without management approval. Leaders need to consider the impact of the workplace itself on physicians, in addition to results or outcomes.
What do RNN Language Models Learn about Filler–Gap Dependencies?

RNN language models have achieved state-of-the-art perplexity results and have proven useful in a suite of NLP tasks, but it is as yet unclear what syntactic generalizations they learn. Here we investigate whether state-of-the-art RNN language models represent long-distance filler–gap dependencies and constraints on them. Examining RNN behavior on experimentally controlled sentences designed to expose filler–gap dependencies, we show that RNNs can represent the relationship in multiple syntactic positions and over large spans of text. Furthermore, we show that RNNs learn a subset of the known restrictions on filler–gap dependencies, known as island constraints: RNNs show evidence for wh-islands, adjunct islands, and complex NP islands. These studies demonstrates that state-of-the-art RNN models are able to learn and generalize about empty syntactic positions.
Reperfusion Activates AP-1 and Heat Shock Response in Donor Kidney Parenchyma after Warm Ischemia

Utilization of kidneys from extended criteria donors leads to an increase in average warm ischemia time (WIT), which is associated with larger degrees of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Kidney resuscitation by extracorporeal perfusion in situ allows up to 60 minutes of asystole after the circulatory death. Molecular studies of kidney grafts from human donors with critically expanded WIT are warranted. Transcriptomes of two human kidneys from two different donors were profiled after 35-45 minutes of WIT and after 120 minutes of normothermic perfusion and compared. Baseline gene expression patterns in ischemic grafts display substantial intrinsic differences. IRI does not lead to substantial change in overall transcription landscape but activates a highly connected protein network with hubs centered on Jun/Fos/ATF transcription factors and HSP1A/HSPA5 heat shock proteins. This response is regulated by positive feedback. IRI networks are enriched in soluble proteins and biofluids assayable substances, thus, indicating feasibility of the longitudinal, minimally invasive assessment in vivo. Mapping of IRI related molecules in ischemic and reperfused kidneys provides a rationale for possible organ conditioning during machine assisted ex vivo normothermic perfusion. A study of natural diversity of the transcriptional landscapes in presumably normal, transplantation-suitable human organs is warranted.
Multilingual Clustering of Streaming News

Clustering news across languages enables efficient media monitoring by aggregating articles from multilingual sources into coherent stories. Doing so in an online setting allows scalable processing of massive news streams. To this end, we describe a novel method for clustering an incoming stream of multilingual documents into monolingual and crosslingual clusters. Unlike typical clustering approaches that report results on datasets with a small and known number of labels, we tackle the problem of discovering an ever growing number of cluster labels in an online fashion, using real news datasets in multiple languages. In our formulation, the monolingual clusters group together documents while the crosslingual clusters group together monolingual clusters, one per language that appears in the stream. Our method is simple to implement, computationally efficient and produces state-of-the-art results on datasets in German, English and Spanish.
Nebulette Expression Is Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers among men and women worldwide. Cancer metastasis is the main cause of death in patients with cancer. NEBL (nebulette, Gene ID: 10529) protein interacts with thin filaments in the cell and may functionally destabilize focal adhesion composition. There are some studies on NEBL gene expression alteration in cancer. In the presented study we aimed to analyze NEBL gene expression in patients with colorectal cancer to explore possible association of this gene with clinicopathological features in CRC. METHODS Sixty-seven fresh samples of colorectal tumors and adjacent normal tissues were collected from Iranian patients with CRC. Real time polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the level of NEBL gene expression and its association with clinico-pathological features. RESULTS A significant overexpression with 3 fold increse was seen in NEBL mRNA level in tumoral tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. In addition there was a significant association between NEBL gene expression with lymph node metastasis in patients with CRC. CONCLUSION The overexpression of NEBL has the capacity to be considred as a prognostic biomarker in patients with CRC.
Performance Analysis of Plug-and-Play ADMM: A Graph Signal Processing Perspective

The Plug-and-Play (PnP) alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM) algorithm is a powerful image restoration framework that allows advanced image denoising priors to be integrated into physical forward models to generate high-quality image restoration results. However, despite the enormous number of applications and several theoretical studies trying to prove convergence by leveraging tools in convex analysis, very little is known about why the algorithm is doing so well. The goal of this paper is to fill the gap by discussing the performance of PnP ADMM. By restricting the denoisers to the class of graph filters under a linearity assumption, or more specifically the symmetric smoothing filters, we offer three contributions: First, we show conditions under which an equivalent maximum-a-posteriori optimization exists; second, we present a geometric interpretation and show that the performance gain is due to an intrinsic predenoising characteristic of the PnP prior; and third, we introduce a new analysis technique via the concept of consensus equilibrium, and provide interpretations to problems involving multiple priors.
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Electrospun Nanofiber Mat-Based Counter Electrodes

Textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) can be created by building the necessary layers on a textile fabric or around fibers which are afterwards used to prepare a textile layer, typically by weaving. Another approach is using electrospun nanofiber mats as one or more layers. In this work, electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mats coated by a conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiopene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) were used to produce the counter electrodes for half-textile DSSCs. The obtained efficiencies were comparable with the efficiencies of pure glass-based DSSCs and significantly higher than the efficiencies of DSSCs with cotton based counter electrodes. The efficiency could be further increased by increasing the number of PEDOT:PSS layers on the counter electrode. Additionally, the effect of the post treatment of the conductive layers by HCl, acetic acid, or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the DSSC efficiencies was investigated. Only the treatment by HCl resulted in a slight improvement of the energy-conversion efficiency.
Matrix Infinitely Divisible Series: Tail Inequalities and Applications in Optimization

In this paper, we study tail inequalities of the largest eigenvalue of a matrix infinitely divisible (i.d.) series, which is a finite sum of fixed matrices weighted by i.d. random variables. We obtain several types of tail inequalities, including Bennett-type and Bernstein-type inequalities. This allows us to further bound the expectation of the spectral norm of a matrix i.d. series. Moreover, by developing a new lower-bound function for $Q(s)=(s+1)\log(s+1)-s$ that appears in the Bennett-type inequality, we derive a tighter tail inequality of the largest eigenvalue of the matrix i.d. series than the Bernstein-type inequality when the matrix dimension is high. The resulting lower-bound function is of independent interest and can improve any Bennett-type concentration inequality that involves the function $Q(s)$. The class of i.d. probability distributions is large and includes Gaussian and Poisson distributions, among many others. Therefore, our results encompass the existing work \cite{tropp2012user} on matrix Gaussian series as a special case. Lastly, we show that the tail inequalities of a matrix i.d. series have applications in several optimization problems including the chance constrained optimization problem and the quadratic optimization problem with orthogonality constraints.
Zinc finger protein 91 positively regulates the production of IL‐1β in macrophages by activation of MAPKs and non‐canonical caspase‐8 inflammasome

IL‐1β is a cytokine of critical importance in inflammatory, infectious and autoimmune diseases. Zinc finger protein 91 (ZFP91) has been reported to be involved in multiple biological processes. Here, we identified a previously unknown role for ZFP91 in the production of biologically active IL‐1β and investigated the underlying mechanisms of its effects.
Expression of Granulisyn, Perforin and Granzymes in Human Milk over Lactation and in the Case of Maternal Infection

Human milk has been previously found to contain various types of leukocytes however specific characteristics of these cells, such as whether they contain cytolytic antimicrobial proteins that may induce pathogen directed cell death, are unknown. This project aims to examine the presence and localization of immune proteins such as perforin, granulysin and granzymes in human milk cells at the protein and mRNA level. Genes encoding these proteins were confirmed in human milk cell samples, which were particularly enriched in early milk and in the case of maternal infection. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to investigate the co-expression of these proteins with pan-immune cell marker CD45 and epithelial marker EPCAM. Co-expression of antimicrobial proteins was found predominantly in CD45 positive cells, also increasing in the case of maternal infection. Our study suggests that human milk contains cells that carry hallmarks of activated or memory T-cells which are enriched early in lactation and in the case of maternal infection. Presence and prevalence of these cells in human milk may indicate a role in the protection of the maternal breast or for delivery to the vulnerable infant.
A Review of Relative Pollen Productivity Estimates From Temperate China for Pollen-Based Quantitative Reconstruction of Past Plant Cover

Model-based quantitative reconstruction of past plant cover in Europe has shown great potential for: (i) testing hypotheses related to Holocene vegetation dynamics, biodiversity, and their relationships with climate and land use; (ii) studying long term interactions between climate and land use. Similar model-based quantitative reconstruction of plant cover in China has been restricted due to the lack of standardized datasets of existing estimates of relative pollen productivity (RPP). This study presents the first synthesis of all RPP values available to date for 39 major plant taxa from temperate China and proposes standardized RPP datasets that can be used for model-based quantitative reconstructions of past plant cover using fossil pollen records for the region. We review 11 RPP studies in temperate China based on modern pollen and related vegetation data around the pollen samples. The study areas include meadow, steppe and desert vegetation, various woodland types, and cultural landscapes. We evaluate the strategies of each study in terms of selection of study areas and distribution of study sites; pollen- and vegetation-data collection in field; vegetation-data collection from satellite images and vegetation maps; and data analysis. We compare all available RPP estimates, select values based on precise rules and calculate mean RPP estimates. We propose two standardized RPP datasets for 31 (Alt1) and 29 (Alt2) plant taxa. The ranking of mean RPPs (Alt-2) relative to Poaceae (= 1) for eight major taxa is: Artemisia (21) > Pinus (18.4) > Betula (12.5) > Castanea (11.5) > Elaeagnaceae (8.8) > Juglans (7.5) > Compositae (4.5) > Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae (4). We conclude that although RPPs are comparable between Europe and China for some genera and families, they can differ very significantly, e.g., Artemisia, Compositae, and Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae. For some taxa, we present the first RPP estimates e.g. Castanea, Elaeagnaceae, and Juglans. The proposed standardized RPP datasets are essential for model-based reconstructions of past plant cover using fossil pollen records from temperate China.
Investigating the Dose-Related Effects of Video Game Trunk Control Training in Chronic Stroke Patients With Poor Sitting Balance

Objective To investigate the dose-related effect of trunk control training (TCT) using Trunk Stability Rehabilitation Robot Balance Trainer (TSRRBT) in chronic stroke patients with poor sitting balance. Methods This was a retrospective study of 38 chronic stroke patients with poor sitting balance that underwent TCT with TSRRBT. The participants were assigned either to the low-dose training (LDT) group (n=18) or to the highdose training (HDT) group (n=20). In addition to the conventional rehabilitation therapy, the LDT group received 5 sessions of TSRRBT intervention per week, whereas the HDT group received 10 sessions of TSRRBT intervention per week. The outcome measures were the scores on the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) and its subscales, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC), and the Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). All outcome measures were assessed before the training and at the end of the 4-week training. Results After the 4-week intervention, TIS, BBS, FAC, and K-MBI scores showed improvement in both LDT and HDT groups. Furthermore, the improvements in TIS scores and its subscales were significantly greater in the HDT group than in the LDT group (p<0.05). Conclusion TCT using TSRRBT could be an additional treatment for the conventional rehabilitation therapy of chronic stroke patients with poor sitting balance. HDT may provide more beneficial effects on improving patients’ sitting balance than LDT.
DADA: Deep Adversarial Data Augmentation for Extremely Low Data Regime Classification

Deep learning has revolutionized the performance of classification, but meanwhile demands sufficient labeled data for training. Given insufficient data, while many techniques have been developed to help combat overfitting, the challenge remains if one tries to train deep networks, especially in the ill-posed extremely low data regimes: only a small set of labeled data are available, and nothing – including unlabeled data – else. Such regimes arise from practical situations where not only data labeling but also data collection itself is expensive. We propose a deep adversarial data augmentation (DADA) technique to address the problem, in which we elaborately formulate data augmentation as a problem of training a class-conditional and supervised generative adversarial network (GAN). Specifically, a new discriminator loss is proposed to fit the goal of data augmentation, through which both real and augmented samples are enforced to contribute to and be consistent in finding the decision boundaries. Tailored training techniques are developed accordingly. Source code is available at https://github.com/SchafferZhang/DADA
Adaptive Semi-supervised Learning for Cross-domain Sentiment Classification

We consider the cross-domain sentiment classification problem, where a sentiment classifier is to be learned from a source domain and to be generalized to a target domain. Our approach explicitly minimizes the distance between the source and the target instances in an embedded feature space. With the difference between source and target minimized, we then exploit additional information from the target domain by consolidating the idea of semi-supervised learning, for which, we jointly employ two regularizations — entropy minimization and self-ensemble bootstrapping — to incorporate the unlabeled target data for classifier refinement. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can better leverage unlabeled data from the target domain and achieve substantial improvements over baseline methods in various experimental settings.
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation in Acidic Red Soils

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has been proven to be an important nitrogen removal process in terrestrial ecosystems, particularly paddy soils. However, the contribution of anammox in acidic red soils to nitrogen loss has not been well-documented to date. Here, we investigated the activity, abundance, and distribution of anammox bacteria in red soils collected from nine provinces of Southern China. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that Candidatus Brocadia dominates the anammox bacterial community (93.03% of sequence reads). Quantification of the hydrazine synthase gene (hzsB) and anammox 16S rRNA gene indicated that the abundance of anammox bacteria ranged from 6.20 × 106 to 1.81 × 109 and 4.81 × 106 to 4.54 × 108 copies per gram of dry weight, respectively. Contributions to nitrogen removal by anammox were measured by a 15N isotope-pairing assay. Anammox rates in red soil ranged from 0.01 to 0.59 nmol N g−1 h−1, contributing 16.67–53.27% to N2 production in the studied area, and the total amount of removed nitrogen by anammox was estimated at 2.33 Tg N per year in the natural red soils of southern China. Pearson correlation analyses revealed that the distribution of anammox bacteria significantly correlated with the concentration of nitrate and pH, whereas the abundance and activity of anammox bacteria were significantly influenced by the nitrate and total nitrogen concentrations. Our findings demonstrate that Candidatus Brocadia dominates anammox bacterial communities in acidic red soils and plays an important role in nitrogen loss of the red soil in Southern China.
Effects of troxerutin on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic mild stress in adult male rats

Objective(s): Chronic stress has been linked to the pathophysiology of mood disorders including anxiety and depression. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of troxerutin (TRX), as a flavonol, on stress-induced anxiety and depression. Materials and Methods: 56 animals were randomly divided into seven groups (n=8 per group) as follows: control, saline, TRX 50, TRX 150, TRX 300, Diazepam, and Imipramine. Chronic mild stress (CMS) was induced by restraining animals in Plexiglas cylinders for 1 hr each day for 25 consecutive days. Different doses (50, 150, and 300 mg/kg, oral gavage) of troxerutin was gavaged for 14 consecutive days. At the end of treatments, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors were tested using elevated plus-maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), and forced swimming test (FST). Results: CMS significantly increased immobility (P<0.05) and decreased swimming (P<0.01) time in FST. However, different doses of troxerutin significantly decreased immobility (P<0.01) and increased swimming (P<0.001) time. CMS also significantly (P<0.01) decreased the percentage of open arm entrance (%OAE), whereas troxerutin significantly increased both %OAE and percentage of open arm time (%OAT) in the EPM. Moreover, CMS significantly decreased time spent in the center (P<0.001) and the number of center entrances (P<0.01) in the OFT. However, troxerutin significantly increased time spent in the center and number of the entrances crossing. Furthermore, CMS significantly increased serum cortisol levels and troxerutin decreased it. Conclusion: Troxerutin demonstrated anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like activities in rodents, which supports the use of herbal medicine in the mood disorders.
Lactoferrin: A Critical Player in Neonatal Host Defense

Newborn infants are at a high risk for infection due to an under-developed immune system, and human milk has been shown to exhibit substantial anti-infective properties that serve to bolster neonatal defenses against multiple infections. Lactoferrin is the dominant whey protein in human milk and has been demonstrated to perform a wide array of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions and play a critical role in protecting the newborn infant from infection. This review summarizes data describing the structure and important functions performed by lactoferrin in protecting the neonate from infection and contributing to the maturation of the newborn innate and adaptive immune systems. We also briefly discuss clinical trials examining the utility of lactoferrin supplementation in the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in newborn infants. The data reviewed provide rationale for the continuation of studies to examine the effects of lactoferrin administration on the prevention of sepsis in the neonate.