Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of a Counseling Program on Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Spiritual Intelligence in Pregnant Women

Background & aim: Recent studies showed that spirituality and spiritual intelligence in pregnant women are associated with mental reactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of spiritual counseling on pregnant women's spiritual intelligence and common mental reactions during pregnancy. Methods: Inthis quasi-experimental study, 80 multiparous and nulliparous pregnant women were randomly selected from among pregnant women referring to our clinic. The patients were screened and then randomly assigned to intervention (n=40) and control (n=40) groups. The intervention group was divided into four groups of ten and then received spiritual counseling during eight sessions. The control group only received the routine care. The data was collected by using a demographic form, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and King spiritual intelligence scale. Both groups were followed immediately and two months after the intervention. To analyze the data, descriptive and analytical statistics were used in SPSS, version 16. Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in mean scores of depression, anxiety, stress, spiritual intelligence, and its components between the two groups (P>0.05). However, immediately and two month after the intervention, the results showed a significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean scores of depression, anxiety, stress, spiritual intelligence, and its components (P 0.05). The mean scores of spiritual intelligence and its components significantly increased over time (before, immediately, and two months after the intervention) in the intervention group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Spiritual counseling was effective in enhancing spiritual intelligence and controlling depression, anxiety, and stress in pregnant women.
A study of the impact national forests have on county population and employment densities

The U.S. National Forest Service owns and manages close to 200 million acres of land and has an annual budget in excess of $5.5 billion. This study seeks to understand the manner and extent to which national forests influence an area’s population and employment densities. This study specifically evaluates changes in national forest timber sales, recreation and natural amenity values. Nearly 75 percent of the Forest Service lands are located in 11 western states. Thus, this study will focus on all 477 counties in those states. National Forest timber harvest reports are available starting in 1977 so the study period starts then and continues through 2007. This study thus captures the period when extractive uses, e.g. timber harvesting decreased and nonextractive uses, e.g. tourism, increased, to become more equal. The Carlino and Mills model was used to track changes in population and employment densities. Several metrics for natural and recreational amenities such as precipitation and skiing facilities were found to be significantly related to population densities. However, changes in timber sales and the amount of land owned by the Forest Service were not found to be significantly related to employment densities.
Innovative Model of Economic Behavior of Agents In The Sphere of Energy Conservation

In the article, we considered the communication barriers of group interests of agents during introduction of energy-conservative technologies. The use of agent-oriented modeling for determining the parameters of the state of activity of agents’ behavior is proposed. The grouping of agents according to the degree of interest in energy-conservative processes is suggested. Mathematical relation of the transfer of these groups of agents based on the theory of Cellular Automata (CA) is constructed. According to the evolutionary concept of ecosystems of agents, the principles of building a management system for the introduction of energy-conservative technologies are analyzed. The possibility of implementing the agent behavior model on energyconservative in the context of the "predator-prey" concept, which is determined by the principles of economic efficiency of agent behavior and the available innovative energy-conservative technologies is considered. The model of agents' behavior will allow strengthening the control and influence on the groups of agents, who take managerial decisions on the appropriateness of measures to promote energy-conservative technologies.
The acid taste of climate change: 20th century acidification is re-emerging during a climatic extreme event

The current state of an ecosystem results from the complex interaction of abiotic and biotic drivers jointly influenced by their dynamics and the legacy of a systems' history. Negative synergies between emerging climatically extreme events and past environmental impacts are expected to shift ecological communities to alternative stable states or towards hysteretic successional trajectories. However, knowledge on mutual effects of environmental stressors is scarce especially for not experimentally controlled, natural ecosystems. We investigated the effect of a prolonged drought and heat wave occurred during 2003 on the short-term vegetation responses of forest springs, a waterlogged type of ecosystem which is highly abundant in Central European siliceous mountains. These landscapes experienced strong impairment by 20th century atmospheric acidification. For different levels of acidification, we investigated plant community composition and water chemistry of 57 springs before (1996) during (2003) and after .
Determinants of Technical Efficiency in Louisiana Beef Cattle Production

Technical efficiency was estimated for a group of beef cattle producers. Producers using straight-bred Bos taurus bulls and mixed-bred Brahman cows were more technically efficient than producers who did not. Those who used a designated hay meadow, used registered cows, were older, and were more highly educated were the more technically efficient producers. Anna N. Rakipova was born in Moscow, Russia. In 1992, she was accepted into the Agricultural Economics program at Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. She received her B.S. and M.S. degrees in Agricultural Economics from Louisiana State University in 1998 and 1999, respectively. She is currently working as an Offshore Companies Administrator in Nocosia, Cyprus.
Effectiveness of reciprocal rule in tourism: evidence from a city tourist restaurant

The paper concerns the phenomena of reciprocal exchange which is know in social relations since ages and also used in business relations. Reciprocity is also a popular tool in tourism business. Presented research were conducted in a form of experiment in one of restaurants in Cracow city center. It was found that a small gift from a waiter (a chewing gum) lead to an increase in tips. Surprised and feeling grateful customers decided to leave a bigger tips than usually.
Knowledge Sharing Practice and its Associated Factors of Healthcare Professionals of Public Hospitals, Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia

Knowledge is defined as human expertise, which is found in peoples mind and gained thorough experiences and interaction. Knowledge sharing is a social interaction culture, involving the exchange of employee knowledge and skills among colleagues within an organization. The main aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge sharing practice. Using cross-sectional study design data was collected from 305 random selected health professionals. STATA version 11 was used to analyze the data. Finally Logistic regression was used to assess the presence of the association between dependent and independent variables. Of the total participant 49.18% have knowledge sharing practice. The significant predictors of knowledge sharing practice were; motivation to transfer knowledge, salary increment, supportive leadership, knowledge sharing opportunity. The study revealed that there is still lower level of knowledge sharing, which is affected by leadership, openness, opportunity, amount of monthly income and staff motivation.
Numerical analysis of friction influence on the transverse welding phenomenon in the forward extrusion process

There is often a need to join billets being extruded in the forward extrusion processes in order to preserve the continuity of manufacturing of products. The primary problem connected with joining while extruding is to ensure the required state of stress, deformation and temperature assuring a good weld quality. The paper contains numerical analyses of the transverse joining processes of billets in the course of forward extruding. The impact of the friction between welded objects on the material flow in vicinity of the joints is analyzed. A numerical method for determination of the weld length at the longitudinal section, by assuming the homogeneity of the strain rate at both sides of the joined elements contact line, is proposed. Three cases of the forward extruding are analyzed. Two friction shear factors equal to $ m=0.4$ and $ m=0.9$ at the billets interface are modelled for each case and weld the lengths at the longitudinal sections are presented. In addition; distributions of the flowing material velocities and effective strains in the weld vicinity are added for all tested processes.
Do Multinational Companies Practice Good Corporate Governance? Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh

Corporate Governance refers to the way an organization is directed, administrated or controlled. It includes the set of rules and regulations that affect the manager's decision and contribute to the way company is perceived by the current and potential stakeholders. The corporate governance structure specifies the distribution of rights and responsibilities among different participants in the corporation such as; boards, managers, shareholders and other stakeholders and spells out the rules and procedures and also decision-making assistance on corporate affairs. Corporate governance practices in Bangladesh are gradually being introduced in most companies and organizations (Du, 2006). However, Bangladesh has fallen behind its neighboring countries and global economy in corporate governance (Gillibrand, 2004). Corporate governance structure is mainly considered ambiguous. Specific governance structures or practices will not necessarily fit all companies at all times. Firms with strong corporate governance mechanisms are generally associated with better financial performance, higher firm valuation and higher stock returns. Unfortunately, investors in Bangladesh have a little information about how these corporate values affect the performance of the Multinational Companies (MNCs). This study aims to provide a quantitative contribution to the literature by examining the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on financial performance from the perspective of MNCs. A panel data based Ordinary Least Squared (OLS) regression model was used to measure the quantitative significance of various corporate governance related variables on MNC performance, as identified through a detailed literature review.
Classical screw theory: a fresh look using the dual eigenproblem approach

This paper presents a novel algebraic formulation of the central problem of screw theory, namely the determination of the principal screws of a given system. Using the algebra of dual numbers, it shows that the principal screws can be determined via the solution of a generalised eigenproblem of two real, symmetric matrices. This approach allows the study of the principal screws of the general screw systems associated with a manipulator of arbitrary geometry in terms of closedform expressions of its architecture and configuration parameters. The formulation is illustrated with examples of practical manipulators.
A review on various attempts for in vitro propagation of human Norovirus

Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are recognized as the primary cause for non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis. The HuNoV outbreak was firstly identified at Norwalk, Ohio and formerly known as ‘winter vomiting disease’ due to the illness frequently strikes during winter season. Infection of HuNoV is estimated to affects all age groups in both developed and developing country, by presenting symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and low-grade fever. There are approximately seven genogroups of noroviruses have been identified in which genogroup II.4 is the dominant HuNoV causing disease to human. Despite their significant impact on the economic and health burden, noroviruses remain to be poorly characterized RNA virus due to the lack of reproducible in vitro culture system for the HuNoV propagation, thus hampering understanding of its pathogenesis. Several approaches including the cultivation trials and the discovery of murine Norovirus (MuNoV) as the model system have expanded our knowledge in Norovirus biology and life cycle. However, to date there are no reliable culture system for HuNoV has been reported. The development of 3D co-culture system has shown a promising future as the improvised system that can be utilized not only for HuNoV cultivation, but also to other viruses. In this review, various attempts to cultivate the HuNoV are discussed to emphasise the future strategy in obtaining reproducible culture system. This review aims to find the gaps in the search of a reliable and reproducible propagation system thus enhancing the understanding on HuNoV biology and pathogenesis for future development of accurate detection method and vaccine production.
Matched filtering with interferometric 21 cm experiments

Author(s): White, M; Padmanabhan, N | Abstract: © 2017 The Authors. A new generation of interferometric instruments is emerging, which aims to use intensity mapping of redshifted 21 cm radiation to measure the large-scale structure of the Universe at z ≃ 1-2 over wide areas of the sky. While these instruments typically have limited angular resolution, they cover huge volumes and thus can be used to provide large samples of rare objects. In this paper we study how well such instruments could find spatially extended largescale structures, such as cosmic voids, using a matched filter formalism. Such a formalism allows us to work in Fourier space, the natural space for interferometers, and to study the impact of finite u - v coverage, noise and foregrounds on our ability to recover voids. We find that in the absence of foregrounds, such instruments would provide enormous catalogs of voids, with high completeness, but that control of foregrounds is key to realizing this goal.
Distribution and abundance of roadkill on Tasmanian highways: human management options

An obvious sign of potential human impact on animal populations is roadkill. In Tasmania, this impact is perceived as relatively greater than in other Australian states, and is often noted by visitors and locals alike, such that calls for management action are common in the popular press. The goal of this three-year study was to assess the frequency and distribution of species killed on Tasmanian roads. Seasonal surveys were completed along five major routes, for a total of 154 trips. Over 15 000 km of road were surveyed and 5691 individuals in 54 taxa were recorded for an average roadkill density of 0.372 km-1. Over 50% of encountered roadkill could be identified to species, with common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) and Tasmanian pademelon (Thylogale billardierii) the most common species identified, both in overall numbers and frequency of trips encountered. The 10 most common taxa accounted for 99% of the items observed. The seasonal occurrence, relationship with vehicle speed, and clustering in local hotspots for particular taxa all suggest that mitigation measures, such as vehicle speed reduction in specific areas, may be effective in reducing the number of animals killed. Mitigation measures, however, will not apply equally to all species and, in particular, success will depend on changing human behaviours.
Call Usage Learning by a Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) in a Categorical Matching Task

Author(s): Vergara, Valeria; Barrett-Lennard, Lance | Abstract: The ability to modify the structure and context of vocalizations through learning plays a key role in the social interactions of many species. The investigation of categorical matching, an aspect of contextual vocal learning, is the first step toward determining how contextual learning plays a role in the use, comprehension, and categorization of sounds in the wild. To this end, we conducted a study at the Vancouver Aquarium to test the ability of a juvenile female beluga, Qila, to respond to playbacks of two types of in-air beluga calls with vocalizations that matched the category of call played (a scream, which is a vocalization type shaped over time with reinforcement and not part of this species'natural repertoire, and a pulse-train, a natural call category). We first tested Qila with random sequences of the same version of the two vocalizations with which she had been trained. Her overall success in matching all playback stimuli was above chance but not statistically so (66%). She had more difficulty matching screams (54% success) than pulse trains (80% success). We next played random sequences of six novel pulse-trains and seven novel screams, which Qila had not been trained with. She responded correctly to the set of novel stimuli of both call types in 64% of the trials, a success rate that did not differ statistically from chance. Again, she had more difficulty matching screams (55% success), relative to pulse trains (74% success). These results indicate that Qila successfully matched only pulse trains, the class that is part of this species’ natural repertoire. Her poor performance on matching screams might be partly explained by a difficulty to perceive categorically a signal that lacks a function in the natural repertoire of belugas.Keywords: categorical matching, contextual learning, vocal learning, categorization, belugas
How Evolution Outwits Bounded Rationality The Efficient Interaction of Automatic and Deliberate Processes in Decision Making and Implications for Institutions

Classic behavioral decision research has intensively explored deliberate processes in decision making. Accordingly, individuals are viewed as bounded rational actors who, because of cognitive limitations, use simple heuristics that are successful in certain environments. In this chapter, it is postulated that human cognitive capacity is less severely limited than has previously been assumed. When automatic processes are considered, one finds that cognitive capacity is not a binding constraint for many decision problems. The general parallel constraint satisfaction (PCS) approach is outlined, which aims at describing these automatic processes, and evidence supporting this approach is summarized. It is further argued, that in order to describe decision making comprehensively, models must account for the interaction between automatic and deliberate processes. The PCS rule is delineated which specifies this interaction. The model shifts the bounds of rationality considerably and has further evolutionary advantages. Implications for the efficient design of institutions are outlined. Finally, the German legal system is reviewed in terms of its ability to support efficient decision making by implementing many of the prescriptions derived from the PCS rule without explicit knowledge about the underlying processes. ∗ I am very grateful to Tilmann Betsch, Christoph Engel, Jeff Rachlinski, Gerd Gigerenzer, Jeff Stevens, Arthur Robson and Robert Kurzban for providing detailed advice on earlier drafts that helped to strengthen this manuscript. I thank Stefan Magen and Melanie Bitter for comments on the parts of the manuscript concerning the German legal system. Finally, I would like to thank Jorn Ludemann, Stephan Tontrup, Indra Spiecker gen. Dohmann, Alexander Morell and Martin Beckenkamp for helpful discussions of the work.
EFFECTS OF EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE AND METACOGNITIVE THOUGHTS ON IOWA GAMBLING TASK PERFORMANCE

Decision-making is an essential cognitive function in everyday life. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is a popular neuropsychological task that assesses decision-making through reward and punishment in the context of learning from past experiences. Differences in decision-making performances of healthy participants predicted by metacognition levels and having explicit knowledge during IGT were examined. 76 female and 12 male students at İstanbul Kultur University completed the IGT and Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30). After completing task implementations, each participant was asked a list of questions relating to their strategy on IGT and categorized into two groups depending on their level of explicit knowledge. As in conventional analysis of IGT, each block's net score was calculated. Results indicated that group with knowledge had significantly higher net scores and consistently improved their performances across 5 blocks of IGT than group with no explicit knowledge. Study showed there is a difference between healthy controls' learning strategies and this difference reflected to their decisionmaking performances. In risky blocks of IGT as the task progresses, negative beliefs about uncontrollability and danger subscale scores of metacognition has a negative effect on advantageous decision making, whilst a higher score on cognitive confidence subscale predicts disadvantageous decision making. Results and suggestions for future studies were discussed in light of previous work. © 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.UK
Involvement of Gynaecologists in Colorectal Cancer Screening

Background and study aims: Primary care physicians play a principal role in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in many countries that are using a two-step program; faecal occult blood test (FOBT)+colonoscopy. In order to improve the screening uptake in the Czech Republic ambulatory gynaecologists in addition to GPs were involved in FOB testing in 2009. Our objective was to describe the contribution of gynaecologists to the provision of CRC screening. Methods: Data reported to health insurance companies and aggregated by the Czech National Reference Centre were used to monitor the screening process. We focused on the coverage by FOBT examination and positive FOBT rate. We describe time trends in the number and proportion of people tested, describe regional variations and show differences according to sex and age. Results: The target population for CRC screening above age 50 in the Czech Republic was 3,955,968 (37.7% of total population) in 2014. The number of all FOBT performed in primary care (by GPs and gynaecologists) increased from 357,893 in 2008 (417,364 - 2009) to 744,015 in 2014. In 2012, the total coverage of the target population was 25.5%; 23% of men and 27.5% of all women and in 2014 30.8%, 28.5% of men and 32.8% of women. In the years 2009, 2012, 2014 the total contribution of gynaecologists was 3.6%, 8% and 6.4% respectively, of all FOBT performed. Overall in the female target population it was 6.2% in 2009 (out of 236987) 13.6% in 2012 (out of 325,631 FOBT) and 11.2% in 2014 (out of 423660), while in the 50-54 age group 24.4% women were screened by gynaecologists in 2012 and 18.9% in 2014. The data showed significant variations between the 14 regions of the country. The overall positivity rate of FOBT has increased from 4.6% in 2009 to 7.2% in the year 2014. Conclusions: The participation of gynaecologists has contributed significantly to the higher participation of women in the real life Czech CRC screening program, particularly in the 50-54 years old age group, nevertheless the key responsibility stays with GPs. This measure is likely to be applicable in health care systems with a network of ambulatory gynaecologists, as is the case in the Czech Republic and in most Central and Eastern European countries.