Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peripheral chemoreceptor inputs to retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) CO2‐sensitive neurons in rats

The rat retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) contains pH‐sensitive neurons that are putative central chemoreceptors. Here, we examined whether these neurons respond to peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation and whether the input is direct from the solitary tract nucleus (NTS) or indirect via the respiratory network. A dense neuronal projection from commissural NTS (commNTS) to RTN was revealed using the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). Within RTN, 51% of BDA‐labelled axonal varicosities contained detectable levels of vesicular glutamate transporter‐2 (VGLUT2) but only 5% contained glutamic acid decarboxylase‐67 (GAD67). Awake rats were exposed to hypoxia (n= 6) or normoxia (n= 5) 1 week after injection of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B (CTB) into RTN. Hypoxia‐activated neurons were identified by the presence of Fos‐immunoreactive nuclei. CommNTS neurons immunoreactive for both Fos and CTB were found only in hypoxia‐treated rats. VGLUT2 mRNA was detected in 92 ± 13% of these neurons whereas only 12 ± 9% contained GAD67 mRNA. In urethane–chloralose‐anaesthetized rats, bilateral inhibition of the RTN with muscimol eliminated the phrenic nerve discharge (PND) at rest, during hyperoxic hypercapnia (10% CO2), and during peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation (hypoxia and/or i.v. sodium cyanide, NaCN). RTN CO2‐activated neurons were recorded extracellularly in anaesthetized intact or vagotomized rats. These neurons were strongly activated by hypoxia (10–15% O2; 30 s) or by NaCN. Hypoxia and NaCN were ineffective in rats with carotid chemoreceptor denervation. Bilateral injection of muscimol into the ventral respiratory column 1.5 mm caudal to RTN eliminated PND and the respiratory modulation of RTN neurons. Muscimol did not change the threshold and sensitivity of RTN neurons to hyperoxic hypercapnia nor their activation by peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation. In conclusion, RTN neurons respond to brain P CO 2 presumably via their intrinsic chemosensitivity and to carotid chemoreceptor activation via a direct glutamatergic pathway from commNTS that bypasses the respiratory network. RTN neurons probably contribute a portion of the chemical drive to breathe.
A novel technique for interdependent trim code optimization

As integrated circuits become increasingly complex, the fabrication process renders them more marginal to specification parameters. Consequently, these circuits have to be tuned post fabrication to compensate for process marginality and thereby optimize their performance as well as to improve yields. This process of tuning is commonly termed as trimming, wherein the right set of digital trim codes is identified and used as a calibration setting by writing these codes into the hardware configuration registers. This paper addresses the problem of carrying out multi-variable trims involving two or more parameters, codes for which must be simultaneously searched and set, in order to attain the desired performance of the circuit. A novel low-cost hardware implementation of the Simplex minimization algorithm with speed-up improvements is described. This implementation is amenable for on-chip BIST (built-in self-test) and can also be directly implemented as part of the ATE (automatic test equipment) program. Experimental results are presented on two industrial circuits. Improvements in terms of trim code search time and attaining better performance are shown.
Alignment strategies of AMT with E-commerce setting to improve business strategy in the supply chain operations environment -an empirical study

The purpose of this study is to explore which alignment strategies of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) with e-commerce setting can develop adequate condition to meet different business strategies requirements in practice. This study is based on 127 Asian samples sieved from the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey (IMSS) database, and applies a hypothesis-test to infer the result. From these Asian samples, we found that the manufacturers usually adopt two business strategies such as product strategy, and high-quality product/delivery strategies to maintain or improve competitive advantage. To As to what business strategies can be successfully put into practice, the results of test indicates that two different alignment strategies of AMT with e-commerce setting can develop appropriate condition to satisfy the requirements of two kind of business strategies. Our finding provides the insight very beneficial for manufacturers to reconsider their alignment strategies of AMT with e-commerce setting to meet business strategies in different context.
Fuzzy Integration Monitor Method in Regional Economic System and Its Simulation

The purpose of this paper is to track the Regional Economic Development dynamically, and realize its fuzzy control. This paper presents a new fuzzy integration method. The method is, firstly, Fuzzy Evaluation method and fuzzy control rule based on lots of statistical data and expert's experience was proposed; secondly, Fuzzy Controller was designed. Finally, simulation of this method was carried out by applying MATLAB GUI and Simulink. The result shows that this method can track the trace of Regional Economic Competitiveness, realize the Fuzzy Control only by 5 rules, and acquire the better result than Classical Fuzzy Evaluation Method evidently.
A 7–8.5 GHz High Performance MMIC HTS Josephson Mixer

A low-loss, low power consumption monolithic high-temperature superconducting (HTS) Josephson junction mixer at 7-8.5 GHz is presented. The mixer consists of a HTS YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) bandpass filter for RF input, a lowpass filter for IF output and a LO resonator integrated with a single Josephson junction. All the passive and active devices are fabricated on a 20 mm×10 mm MgO substrate. Measurement result shows a conversion gain of -7 dB at 40 K, and -4.7 dB at 20 K. The IF output versus the RF input exhibits a wide linear range of conversion gains. The mixer has an extremely low LO power requirement at -32 dBm and a 50 nW power consumption.
Community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a multicentric observational AIPO study.

The aim of this study was to obtain reliable data about the current aetiology (i.e. the frequency of the individual pathogens) of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) while surveying the diagnostic and therapeutic behaviour of Italian chest physicians, compared with existing guidelines, and to test the usefulness of the current severity "criteria" or score as a predictor of disease outcome and guide for appropriate hospitalization. A prospective multicentre observational trial was carried out between October 1994 and February 1996 by the Italian Association of Hospital Pneumologists (AIPO) study group on respiratory infections. A total of 613 consecutive patients suffering from CAP were enrolled in 25 centres throughout Italy. Clinical, radiological and microbiological data were collected and patients were followed-up until complete resolution or death. Aetiological tests were not carried out in 204 patients. In the remaining 409 cases, the aetiology was defined by serological and quantitative microbiological tests in 184 (44.9%) patients. A total of 194 strains of pathogen were detected. The most frequently detected micro-organism was Streptococcus pneumoniae (18.5% of pathogen strains) but, unlike in other series of patients, high percentages of intracellular pathogens (32.5%, all with serological confirmation, mostly due to Chlamydia pneumoniae (13.4%) and of Gram-negative enterobacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.5%) were also found. Antibiotic treatment differed from that recommended in American Thoracic Society guidelines, with a greater use of third-generation cephalosporins. Overall, a higher rate of hospitalization and a lower death rate than in other comparable studies was observed.
Impact of exogenous testosterone on mood: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.

BACKGROUND In the last decade, there has been a surge of new clinical trials studying the impact of exogenous testosterone on mood. The results of these studies have been inconsistent. METHODS Meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials using common depression rating scales was performed. RESULTS Sixteen trials with a total of 944 subjects met selection criteria. Meta-analysis of data showed a significant positive impact of testosterone on mood (z=4.592; P<.0001). Subgroup analysis showed a significant effect size of 5.279 (P<.0001) in the trials with a mean age of <60 years. However, the effect size was not statistically significant in those trials with a mean age of >60 years. The effect size in hypogonadal men was 4.192 (P<.0001), whereas the result was not statistically significant in eugonadal men. In addition, the effect size was larger in subthreshold depression compared with major depression. Oral testosterone compared with oral dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone gel, and intramuscular testosterone did not show a significant result. Larger CONCLUSIONS Testosterone may be used as a monotherapy in dysthymia and minor depression or as an augmentation therapy in major depression in middle-aged hypogonadal men.
Antiamylase, Anticholinesterases, Antiglycation, and Glycation Reversing Potential of Bark and Leaf of Ceylon Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) In Vitro

Ethanol (95%) and dichloromethane : methanol (DCM : M, 1 : 1 v/v) bark extracts (BEs) and leaf extracts (LEs) of authenticated Ceylon cinnamon (CC) were studied for antiamylase, antiglucosidase, anticholinesterases, and antiglycation and glycation reversing potential in bovine serum albumin- (BSA-) glucose and BSA-methylglyoxal models in vitro. Further, total proanthocyanidins (TP) were quantified. Results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between bark and leaf extracts for the studied biological activities (except antiglucosidase) and TP. BEs showed significantly high (p < 0.05) activities for antiamylase (IC50: 214 ± 2–215 ± 10 μg/mL), antibutyrylcholinesterase (IC50: 26.62 ± 1.66–36.09 ± 0.83 μg/mL), and glycation reversing in BSA-glucose model (EC50: 94.33 ± 1.81–107.16 ± 3.95 μg/mL) compared to LEs. In contrast, glycation reversing in BSA-methylglyoxal (EC50: ethanol: 122.15 ± 6.01 μg/mL) and antiglycation in both BSA-glucose (IC50: ethanol: 15.22 ± 0.47 μg/mL) and BSA-methylglyoxal models (IC50: DCM : M: 278.29 ± 8.55 μg/mL) were significantly high (p < 0.05) in leaf. Compared to the reference drugs used some of the biological activities were significantly (p < 0.05) high (BEs: BChE inhibition and ethanol leaf: BSA-glucose mediated antiglycation), some were comparable (BEs: BSA-glucose mediated antiglycation), and some were moderate (BEs and LEs: antiamylase, AChE inhibition, and BSA-MGO mediated antiglycation; DCM : M leaf: BSA-glucose mediated antiglycation). TP were significantly high (p < 0.05) in BEs compared to LEs (BEs and LEs: 1097.90 ± 73.01–1381.53 ± 45.93 and 309.52 ± 2.81–434.24 ± 14.12 mg cyanidin equivalents/g extract, resp.). In conclusion, both bark and leaf of CC possess antidiabetic properties and thus may be useful in managing diabetes and its complications.
Life Satisfaction of Single Middle-Aged Professional Women.

This study examined 10 factors and their relation to the life satisfaction of single middle-aged professional women. The proposed regression model, which included job satisfaction, gender identity, locus of control, social support, health, financial resources, leisure-time activities, sexual satisfaction, and regrets regarding life circumstances, was explored through a questionnaire. Questionnaires were administered to single professional women in higher education institutions. Responses were received from 152 women. Performance on life satisfaction was significantly explained by recourse to the variables of job satisfaction, internal locus of control, regrets regarding life circumstances, sexual satisfaction, and leisure-time activities.
A multilevel examination of school and student characteristics associated with physical education class enrollment among high school students.

BACKGROUND Schools can be an efficient venue for promoting physical activity (PA) among adolescents. Physical education (PE) requires investigation because it is a variable associated with adolescent PA levels and its existence in schools represents a significant opportunity for strategies to combat declining PA levels among this population. This article examines the between-school variability in student rates of PE enrollment among a large sample of high schools in Ontario, Canada, and identifies the school- and student-level characteristics associated with PE enrollment. METHODS This cross-sectional study utilized self-reported school- and student-level data from administrators and students at 73 high schools. Students' enrollment in PE, demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial variables was linked to school environment data comprising of school demographics and administrator assessed quality of policies, facilities, and programs related to PA. Analysis involved multilevel modeling. RESULTS The mean rate of PE enrollment among the 73 high schools was 62.4%, with rates by school ranging from 28.9% to 81.1%. When student demographics, behavioral, and psychosocial factors were controlled for, there was still a school effect for student PE enrollment. The school effect was explained by the provision of daily PE and school median household income. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine the extent to which PE enrollment varies between schools and to identify school factors associated with school variability in rates of PE enrollment. Although most variation in PE enrollment lies between students within schools, there is sufficient between-school variation to be of interest to practitioners and policy makers.
Observation on the pathogenesis of laryngeal granuloma due to endotracheal anesthesia.

THE first case of laryngeal granuloma due to endotracheal anesthesia was described in 1932 by Clausen.1 Since then about 50 cases have been reported in the literature, and undoubtedly many additional ones are unreported. It is the purpose of this paper to report an original observation on the causative factors of this relatively rare complication, and to describe the growth of the lesion in the hope that certain preventive measures will be followed in the future. Materials and Methods This study is based on 4 cases of laryngeal granuloma due to endotracheal anesthesia and, in addition, presents a clinical analysis .
Choosing a Gliptin

The treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has included the use of metformin and sulfonylurea (SU) as first-line anti-diabetic therapies world over since years. This remains, despite the knowledge that the combination results in a progressive decline in [beta]-cell function and by 3 years up to 50% of diabetic patients can require an additional pharmacological agent to maintain the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <7.0% (UKPDS). Gliptins represent a novel class of agents that improve beta cell health and suppress glucagon, resulting in improved post-prandial and fasting hyperglycemia. They function by augmenting the incretin system (GLP-1 and GIP) preventing their metabolism by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Not only are they efficacious but also safe (weight neutral) and do not cause significant hypoglycemia, making it a unique class of drugs. This review focuses on gliptins (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin) discussing pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety.
Acute monocytic leukaemia in adults: treatment and prognosis in 99 cases

Acute monocytic leukaemia (AMoL) was diagnosed in 99 adults, aged 18–85 years (median 56) over a period of 10 years. Sixty‐five patients had extramedullary leukaemia, 13 had clinical signs of leucostasis, and 19 had disseminated intravascular coagulation. Four patients died before receiving any treatment, 12 received supportive care only and seven received low dose AraC, but only one of them responded. Seventy‐six patients received intensive chemotherapy, 72 of them with an anthracycline‐AraC based regimen, with or without an epipodophyllotoxin.
Childhood cutaneous leishmaniasis: Experience of a Moroccan unit of dermatology.

OBJECTIVE We undertook a monocentric retrospective analysis of childhood leishmaniasis in order to describe the epidemio-clinical profile, therapeutic characteristics and clinical outcomes of affected patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS The files of all children treated for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the Dermatology Department of Ibn Sina University Hospital over an 11-year period were reviewed. RESULTS A total of thirteen children were included. The mean age was 10.2 years and the sex ratio (F/M) was 5.5. All patients lived or had stayed in an endemic area. The average delay of diagnosis was 11.8 months. The most frequent clinical finding consisted of ulcers (61.5%), usually located on the face (69.2%). The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by parasitologic smear in 76.9 percent of cases. The treatment used was intralesional meglumine antimoniate in twelve cases. The outcome was favorable in all cases. CONCLUSION Our series is characterized by a female predominance and the patients presented with a single lesion. The lesions were frequently located on the face and a favorable outcome was obtained after treatment with intralesional meglumine antimoniate.
The COMT rs4680 polymorphism and suicide attempt in rural Shandong, China

Background Suicide attempt is a major public health problem and are associated with genetic factors. This paired case–control study examined the association between the COMT gene rs4680 polymorphism and suicide attempts. Methods A case–control study of 369 (117 men, 31.7%; mean age=44.1±13.3 years) suicide attempters and an equal number of controls without a lifetime history of suicide attempt matched on sex, age, and residence was carried out in rural Shandong, Eastern China. Demographics and psychiatric history were obtained through face-to-face interviews. Blood samples were collected during interviews and the COMT gene rs4680 polymorphism was analyzed using the ligation detection reaction method. Results The G/G genotype was significantly more prevalent in female suicide attempters than their matched controls. Conditional logistic regression showed that the G/G genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts only for women (odds ratio=2.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.2–4.2). Conclusion The findings support an association between the COMT gene rs4680 polymorphism and suicide attempts only in women. Further research with larger samples is needed to explore the interactions of the COMT gene rs4680 polymorphism and sex and psychiatric disorders on suicide attempts.
International Classification of Diseases

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Effects of Antioxidants on Endothelial Function in Human Saphenous Vein in an Ex vivo Model

This ex vivo study is aimed at determining the beneficial effects of antioxidant agents on human saphenous vein endothelial function. Vein rings harvested during infrainguinal bypass surgery were assessed in an organ bath for endothelium-dependent relaxation, initially without and then with the addition of 10 μM manganese tetrakis benzoic acid porphyrin (MnTBAP), 0.01% N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 0.02% NAC, 10 μM vitamin C, and 100 μM vitamin C. Fifty-five vein rings from 22 patients were analyzed. MnTBAP improved the endothelium-dependent relaxation when compared with control (57.0% vs 37.8%, P < .01). Addition of 0.01% or 0.02% NAC did not improve the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (28.2% vs 18.6%, P = ns and 37.8% vs 29.8%, P = ns, respectively). Although 10-μM vitamin C failed to improve endothelial function (50.6% vs 37.2%, P = ns), 100-μM vitamin C significantly enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxation (66.5% vs 38.3%, P < .001). These results suggest that the addition of MnTBAP and high-dose vitamin C can improve the endothelial function of harvested saphenous vein segments in an ex vivo model.
KDOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Practice Recommendations for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease.

II. CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES AND CLINICAL PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ANEMIA IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN ADULTS S16 1.1. Identifying Patients and Initiating Evaluation . S17 1.2. Evaluation of Anemia in CKD. S28 2.1. Hb Range . S33 3.1. Using ESAs . S54 3.2. Using Iron Agents. S58 3.3. Using Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Adjuvants to ESA Treatment in HD-CKD. S71 3.4. Transfusion Therapy . S79 3.5. Evaluating and Correcting Persistent Failure To Reach or Maintain Intended Hb. S81
Ionic Composition in Aqueous Extracts from PM2.5 in Ambient Air at the City of Cuernavaca, México

The present study was carried out between May and June 2012 in the city of Cuernavaca, Mexico. During this time the average ambient temperatures were about 25°C, suggesting the formation of secondary aerosols, consisting mainly of ammonium and sulfate. The average PM2.5 concentration was 37 μg·m-3 for the entire urban area and there were only two days which exceeded the limit established by the official standards for periods of 24 h. The most abundant ionic species associated with PM2.5 were sulfates (3634.82 ng·m-3, average) and ammonium (1709.53 ng·m-3, average). The ratio estimated between total anions and total cations indicated that the concentration of total anions was 1.94 times total cations. The contribution percentage of the ionic species associated with PM2.5 revealed that 76% of the PM2.5 is sulfates and ammonium. The ion balance made for the urban area of Cuernavaca indicated that during the study period, the aerosols showed alkaline characteristics; that is to say the concentration of anions was not sufficient to neutralize the cations, specifically ammonia (m = 0.060). Finally, wind fields showed that during the study the winds came in 50% from the south west, followed by 25% from east and 12.5% of the south east, which in part allowed transport of contaminants into the portion of the city, where the AUSM campus site was located.