Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Healthcare Professionals' Attitudes towards Privacy in Healthcare Information Systems

As a result of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH), healthcare organizations are finding themselves scrambling to digitize their Electronic Medical Records (EMRs). A concern of the widespread implementation of digital health records is the assurance of privacy for the sensitive information held by healthcare organizations (Greenberg, 2010; Hoffmann, 2009). There have been many studies that examine patient’s perspectives and expectations of privacy (Agarwal & Anderson, 2011; Cannoy & Salam, 2010) but the literature is lacking analysis of healthcare providers’ privacy perspectives with regards to EMRs. Using Information Boundary Theory (Stanton, 2002) as a theoretical framework, this study seeks to determine healthcare providers’ attitudes towards privacy with regards to EMRs. Analysis of survey data collected from healthcare providers found that healthcare providers do not value patient privacy over personal or organizational gain.
Planar Grating Multiplexers Using Silicon Nanowire Technology: Numerical Simulations and Fabrications

Planar waveguide gratings have shown great potential for the application of the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) functionality in optical communications due to their compactness and high spectral flnesse. Planar gratings based on silicon nanowire technology have high light conflnements and consequently very high integration density, which is 1{2 orders of magnitude smaller than conventional silica based devices. In the present paper, we will simulate the silicon nanowire based planar grating multiplexer with total-internal-re∞ection facets using a boundary integral method. The polarization dependent characteristics of the device are analyzed. In addition, the planar grating multiplexer with 1nm spacing is fabricated and characterized. Compared with measured values, the numerical results show that the sidewall roughness in the grating facets can result in a large insertion loss for the device.
Determinants of left ventricular mass and hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for premature cardiovascular death in hemodialysis (HD) patients and one of the three forms of uremic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a volume-independent technique to assess cardiac structure. We used CMR to assess the determinants of left ventricular mass (LVM) and LVH in HD patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS A total of 246 HD patients (63.8% male; mean age 51.5 +/- 12.1 yr) underwent CMR on a postdialysis day. LVM was measured from a stack of cine loops and indexed for body surface area (LVM index [LVMI]). Demographic, past biochemical, hematologic, and dialysis data were collected by patient record review. Results up to 180 d before CMR were collected. LVH was defined as LVMI >84.1 g/m(2) (male) or >76.4 g/m(2) (female). RESULTS A total of 157 (63.8%) patients had LVH. LVH was more common in patients with higher predialysis systolic BP, predialysis pulse pressure, and calcium-phosphate product (Ca X PO4). Furthermore, LVH was significantly associated with higher end-diastolic and systolic volumes and lower ejection fraction. There were positive correlations with LVMI and end-diastolic and systolic volumes. There were weak positive correlations among LVMI, mean volume of ultrafiltration, and Ca X PO4. Using multivariate linear and logistic regression (entering one BP and cardiac variable), the independent predictors of LVMI and LVH were end-diastolic volume, predialysis systolic BP, and Ca X PO4. CONCLUSIONS The principal determinants of LVM and LVH in HD patients are end-diastolic LV volume, predialysis BP, and Ca X PO4.
Business and Social Networks in International Trade

The first two main sections survey the roles of transnational networks in alleviating problems of contract enforcement and providing information about trading opportunities, respectively. The next section covers how domestic networks influence international trade through their impact on domestic market structure. Two overarching questions unify these sections: how do networks affect efficiency, and will networks grow or shrink in importance for international trade over time. The last main sections develop research agendas for two less studied areas: the role of intermediaries who can connect foreign agents to domestic networks and the ability of transnational production networks to facilitate technology transfer.
Determinants of E-Government Assimilation in Indonesia: An Empirical Investigation Using a TOE Framework

E-government needs to be successfully implemented and assimilated into organizations to take advantage of its potential values and benefits for organizations. This study examines factors for e-government assimilation in Indonesia and employs the TOE (Technology-Organization-Environment) framework to develop a theoretical model to explain e-government assimilation. It also investigates how organizational type (central vs. local) plays a role in the assimilation of e-government. One hundred eighteen respondents from the central and local governments in Indonesia participated in the survey and an in-depth analysis based on partial least squares (PLS) was carried out. The results show that ICT infrastructure has the strongest significant relationship with e-government assimilation. Top management support, regulatory environment, ICT expertise, and competitive environment are also significant factors to explain e-government assimilation in Indonesia. Central and local governments significantly differ in terms of e-government assimilation, so organizational type can be a moderator in the process of e-government assimilation. These findings present the efficacy of the proposed model for analyzing e-government assimilation and contribute additional insights for academia as well as practitioners and policy makers.
The Policy Development of Social Welfare for Elderly Health Care in the Community: A Case Study of Phitsanulok Municipality, Thailand

This research was aimed at developing a social welfare policy on elderly health care in the community through a case study of Phitsanulok Municipality. The objectives of the study were 1) to develop elements and indicators of social welfare for elderly health care, 2) to develop a model for developing social welfare for elderly health care and 3) to investigate the policy development of social welfare for elderly health care. Mixed Method was utilized using survey component analysis research method, content analysis, component confirmation, deep interview and group discussion. The sample groups in this research are 759 elders and 60 organization managers who are involved in social welfare policy for long term elderly health care. Results showed 1) social welfare for elderly health care is included in the existing policy in the area and is operational, but it lacks policy contents which are consistent with the needs of the elderly. Additionally, 2) 34 indicators and five elements were identified as components and parameters of social welfare for the elderly in Phitsanulok. Analysis showed the three elements and six indicators are important and two of the six relate to public health. Analysis by Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy found KMO value equal to 0.912 and structural reliability α= 0.83-0.97. Lastly, 3) the evaluation results revealed that social welfare policy for elderly health care in Phitsanulok is suitable at a high level.
Assessment of Morphological MRI for Pulmonary Changes in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Patients: Comparison to Thin-Section CT and Chest X-ray

Objectives:As pulmonary complications are life limiting in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), repeated chest imaging [chest x-ray, computed tomography (CT)] is needed for follow up. With the continuously rising life expectancy of CF patients, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a radiation-free imaging modality might become more and more attractive. The goal of this study was to prospectively assess the value of MRI for evaluation of morphologic pulmonary CF-changes in comparison to established imaging modalities. Materials and Methods:Thirty-one CF patients (19 female, 12 male; mean age 16.7 years) with stable lung disease were examined by MRI: HASTE, coronal/transversal (TR/TE/α/TA: infinite/28 ms/180°/18 s), multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) (30 patients): 120 kV, dose modulated mAs, and chest x-ray (21 patients). Image evaluation: random order, 4 chest radiologists in consensus; chest x-ray: modified Chrispin-Norman score; CT and MRI: modified Helbich score. The maximal attainable score for chest x-ray was 34, for MRI and CT 25. Median scores, Pearson correlation coefficients, Bland-Altman plots, and concordance of MRI to CT on a lobar and segmental basis were calculated. Results:The median MRI and MDCT scores were 13 (min 3, max 20) respectively 13.5 (min 0, max 20). The median chest x-ray score was 14 (min 5, max 32). Pearson correlation coefficients: MRI/CT = 0.80, P < 0.0001; MRI/chest x-ray = 0.63, P < 0.0018; chest x-ray/CT = 0.75, P < 0.0001. The median lobe related concordance was 80% for bronchiectasis, 77% for mucus plugging, 93%, for sacculation/abscesses, and 100% for collapse/consolidation. Conclusions:Morphologic MRI of the lung in CF patients demonstrates comparable results to MDCT and chest x-ray. Because radiation exposure is an issue in CF patients, MRI might have the ability to be used as an appropriate alternative method for pulmonary imaging.
A Frequency-domain-based Pattern Mining for Credit Card Fraud Detection

Nowadays, the prevention of credit card fraud represents a crucial task, since almost all the operators in the E-commerce environment accept payments made through credit cards, aware of that some of them could be fraudulent. The development of approaches able to face effectively this problem represents a hard challenge due to several problems. The most important among them are the heterogeneity and the imbalanced class distribution of data, problems that lead toward a reduction of the effectiveness of the most used techniques, making it difficult to define effective models able to evaluate the new transactions. This paper proposes a new strategy able to face the aforementioned problems based on a model defined by using the Discrete Fourier Transform conversion in order to exploit frequency patterns, instead of the canonical ones, in the evaluation process. Such approach presents some advantages, since it allows us to face the imbalanced class distribution and the cold-start issues by involving only the past legitimate transactions, reducing the data heterogeneity problem thanks to the frequency-domain-based data representation, which results less influenced by the data variation. A practical implementation of the proposed approach is given by presenting an algorithm able to classify a new transaction as reliable or unreliable on the basis of the aforementioned strategy.
Reduced Fracture Rates Observed Only in Patients With Proper Persistence and Compliance With Bisphosphonate Therapies

Numerous studies have analyzed data from administrative claims databases to determine persistence and compliance with bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis; several of these studies have also examined how persistence and compliance with therapy affect fracture outcomes. All of the studies included in this review demonstrated that patients who were persistent or compliant with therapy had a decreased risk of fracture. None, however, adequately addressed the question of what level of persistence or compliance is necessary to obtain a reduced risk of fracture. There is agreement among studies that compliance and persistence rates are suboptimal for all osteoporosis treatments. Measures to improve persistence and compliance with osteoporosis medications are needed if patients are to achieve the full clinical benefit of treatment.
Teacher motivational strategies and student self-determination in physical education

Physical education teachers can influence students' self-determination through the motivational strategies they use. In this study, the authors examined the relationship between teachers' perceptions of class average self-determination, the teachers' self-determination, and their reported use of 3 motivational strategies: autonomy support, structure, and involvement. They examined the relationship between the 3 motivational strategies, students' perceptions of psychological need satisfaction, and students' self-determination. They also investigated the relationship between teachers' and students' self-determination. Multilevel and standard regression analyses revealed that teachers' perceptions of class average self-determination predicted their reported use of the motivational strategies, and this relationship was mediated by their own self-determination. Student perceptions of the three strategies had a positive effect on their own self-determination, and this relationship was mediated by their reported satisfaction of autonomy and competence. Finally, teachers' self-determination did not predict students' self-determination. The importance of promoting an adaptive motivational climate for both teachers and students is discussed with reference to self-determination theory.
The Impact of Vaginal Delivery in Premature Infants Weighing Less Than 1,251 Grams

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether mode of delivery is a predictor of poor short-term outcome at different birth weight categories in very low birth weight infants. METHODS: This study examined a cohort of infants weighing less than 1,251 g born at 2 perinatal centers from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2003. Outborn infants or those with major anomalies were excluded from the study. Outcome variables included death, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), and combined poor short-term outcomes (death, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, and PVL). RESULTS: Of the 397 infants who met enrollment criteria, 44% were born vaginally and 56% by cesarean delivery. The proportion of multiparous, breech presentation and prolonged rupture of membranes was significantly different between groups. For infants weighing less than 751 g, the risks of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (41% versus 22%; odds ratio [OR] 2.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–7.72) and combined poor short-term outcome (67% versus 41%; OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.25–6.95) were significantly higher if delivered vaginally. Among survivors weighing less than 751 g, the risk of severe intraventricular hemorrhage was higher among those delivered vaginally (24% versus 9%; OR 8.18, 95% CI 1.58–42.20). In infants less 1,251 g who survived, vaginal delivery had a strong association with PVL (5% versus 1%; OR 11.53, 95% CI 1.66–125). CONCLUSION: In infants less than 1,251 g who survived to discharge, vaginal delivery is associated with higher risk for PVL. Furthermore, in infants less than 751 g, vaginal delivery is a predictor for severe intraventricular hemorrhage and combined poor short-term outcome. The negative impact of vaginal delivery mode decreases as birth weight category increases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-2
Acoustic Neuroma Growth: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Aim: To undertake a systematic review of the literature on acoustic neuroma growth. Predictors of growth were also explored. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted to identify the relevant literature. The search yielded 2,455 papers. All titles were reviewed by 2 of the authors, and finally, 41 papers were found reporting data pertinent to growth. Results: The percentage of acoustic neuromas exhibiting growth ranges widely from 18 to 73%. The percentage of tumors reported not to grow for some years after diagnosis ranges from 9 to 75%. Some (usually less than 10%, but up to 22%) may get smaller. No reliable predictors of growth have been identified. The mean growth rate for all tumors varies between 1 and 2 mm/yr, and for only those that grow, between 2 and 4 mm/yr. However, there are cases with significant regression or exceptional growth (exceeding 18 mm/yr). There are various patterns of growth, and a tumor that shows growth may stop doing so and vice versa. Finally, some tumors that have been stable for many years can exhibit tumor growth. Conclusion: The growth pattern of acoustic neuromas is variable and incompletely understood. As much as 75% of tumors have been reported to show no growth, supporting a "wait and rescan" policy in many patients, although there are no reliable predictors of tumor behavior, and some tumors may grow rapidly. Primary longitudinal studies are needed to better define the natural history and limit unnecessary interventions.
Tourism and crime in America: a preliminary assessment of the relationship between the number of tourists and crime in two major American tourist cities.

Tourists planning to visit the United States have many exciting destinations to choose from. The number of people visiting the USA is on the rise, and their spending is growing even faster thus increasing the value of tourism to the economy. International arrivals and domestic travelers have increased over the last decade. However, for as many historical landmarks, amazing nightlife scenes, and striking landscapes there are to take in, oftentimes that also means major urban centers can have their share of crime, which can result in tourists becoming victims of crime. These paper objectives are to assess the effects of crime on health and the relationship between the number of visitors and the types and patterns of crimes, over time, in two cities engaged in mass tourism. A quantitative methodology was utilized to analyze thirteen years of crime data from the US Federal Bureau of Investigations. Based on the data, this research by itself, cannot adequately explain the variations in violent crime rates of either of the two cities. The results of the Pearson�s product-moment correlation coefficient showed the tourist city of Honolulu with an inverse relationship between the number of visitors and violent crimes while Las Vegas results showed significant correlation between the number of visitors and crime. The results also showed relationships between increasing law enforcement employees and crime reduction. These results could assist these and other cities in studying more distinctively the relationship between crime and tourism as well as the localization of crimes on visitors in order to engage in measurement and prevention efforts which would serve visitors as well as residents.
The Paradox of Power Reconsidered: A Theory of Political Regimes in Africa

A typical pattern of wealth redistribution seems to prevail, in some African countries, between rich and poor ethno-regional groups. A contract-theoretic model is presented for shedding some light on this phenomenon. The government promises a transfer to its potential opponent in return for not engaging in a civil war. The latter may break out because of the imperfect credibility of the government's commitment. This increases the cost of the required transfer of wealth, and may make it unfeasible. The model determines whether a military regime or a redistributive state prevails in a peaceful equilibrium. This depends on two parameters: (i) the relative fighting efficiency and (ii) the relative productivity of the two groups. The social cost of the different regimes is then compared, and their implications for aid policy are discussed. Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.
An exploration of competitiveness and caring in relation to psychopathology.

OBJECTIVES Social mentality theory outlines how specialist systems have evolved to facilitate different types of social behaviour such as caring for offspring, forming alliances, and competing for resources. This research explored how different types of self-experience are linked to the different social mentalities of competitive social ranking (focusing on gaining and defending one's social position/status/rank) in contrast to caring (being helpful to others). Perceived low social rank (with feelings of being inferior and unfavourable social comparison, SC) has been linked to depression, but a caring sense of self has less so. We hypothesized therefore that depression, in both clinical and non-clinical populations, would be primarily linked to competitive and rank focused sense of self rather than a caring sense of self. METHOD Students (N = 312) and patients with depression (N = 48) completed self-report scales measuring: self-experience related to competitiveness and caring; social rank; social safeness; and depression, anxiety, and stress. RESULTS The data suggest that in students, and particularly in patients, competitiveness (and feeling unsuccessful in competing for resources) is strongly associated with depression. Although caring shares a small correlation with depression in students, and with depression, anxiety, and stress in patients, when controlling for the rank variable of submissive behaviour this relationship ceases to be significant. Submissive behaviour was found to be a full mediator between caring and depression. We also found that how safe and comfortable one feels in one's social relationships (social safeness), was a full mediator between competitiveness and depression. So, it is the feeling of being unable to compete where one does not feel secure in one's social environment that is particularly linked to depression. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that self-experience is complex and multifaceted and is linked to different social roles that are socially contextualized. In addition, perceived low social rank and perceived failures in being able to 'attract' others and compete for social resources, are strongly linked to depression, whereas experiencing oneself as caring and helpful is not when submissiveness is controlled for.