Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Artefacts In Support Of Medical Shift Handover: An In-Use, In-Situ Evaluation

Technologies introduced to support complex and critical work practices merit rigorous and effective evaluation. However, evaluation strategies often fall short of evaluating real use by practitioners in the workplace and thereby miss an opportunity to gauge the true impact of the technology on the work. We report an in-use, in-situ evaluation of two cognitive artefacts that support the everyday work of handover in a healthcare setting. The evaluation drew inspiration from the theoretical viewpoint offered by distributed cognition, focusing on the information content, representational media and context of use of the artefacts. We discuss how this approach led to insights about the artefacts and their support of the work that could not have been obtained with more traditional evaluation techniques. Specifically, we argue that the ubiquitous evaluation approach of user testing with its reliance on think-alouds and observations of interaction is inadequate in this context and set an initial agenda for issues that should be addressed by in-use, in-situ evaluations.
High-resolution incoherent imaging of crystals.

A Bloch-wave analysis shows how a signal dependent on the electron intensity at the atom sites can be used to form an incoherent image of a crystal structure. To a good approximation the image is given by a convolution of a compositionally sensitive object function with an appropriate resolution function, and as such can be predicted and interpreted intuitively. Information on a scale below the resolution limit can be interpreted by deconvolution.
Muscle glycogen resynthesis, signalling and metabolic responses following acute exercise in exercise‐trained pigs carrying the PRKAG3 mutation

Hampshire pigs carrying the PRKAG3 mutation in the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) γ3 subunit exhibit excessive skeletal muscle glycogen storage and an altered glycogen synthesis signalling response following exercise. AMPK plays an important role as a regulator of carbohydrate and fat metabolism in mammalian cells. Exercise‐trained muscles are repeatedly exposed to glycogen degradation and resynthesis, to which the signalling pathways adapt. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of acute exercise on glycogen synthesis signalling pathways, and the levels of insulin and other substrates in blood in exercise‐trained pigs with and without the PRKAG3 mutation. After 5 weeks of training, pigs performed two standardized treadmill exercise tests, and skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained immediately after exercise and 3 h postexercise in the first test, and 6 h postexercise in the second test. The PRKAG3 mutation carriers had higher glycogen storage, and resynthesis of glycogen was faster after 3 h but not after 6 h of recovery. Alterations in the concentrations of insulin, glucose, lactate and free fatty acids after exercise did not differ between the genotypes. The carriers showed a lower expression of AMPK and increased phosphorylation of Akt Ser473 after exercise, compared with non‐carriers. Acute exercise stimulated the phosphorylation of AS160 in both genotypes, and the phosphorylation of GSK3α Ser21 and ACC Ser79 in the non‐carriers. In conclusion, exercise‐trained pigs carrying the PRKAG3 mutation show an altered Akt and AMPK signalling response to acute exercise, indicating that glucose metabolism is associated with faster resynthesis of muscle glycogen in this group.
Renal Sympathetic Denervation in Patients With Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease: Does Improvement in Renal Function Follow Blood Pressure Control?

Twenty‐seven patients with resistant hypertension and chronic kidney disease were treated by renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) and followed for 12 months. Patients were retrospectively divided into controlled and uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) groups. Increases in mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were found at months 1, 3, 6, and 12 in the controlled group (P<.0001, for every time point). The mean change in eGFR after 12 months was 18.54±8.15 mL/min/1.73m2 higher in the controlled group (P=.0318). In patients in the controlled group with baseline eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2, responders (with an increase in eGFR >6.2%) corresponded to 50% at 6 months and 83% at 12 months. In the patients with baseline eGFR ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m2, all patients were labeled as responders at months 6 and 12. Median albumin:creatinine ratio after 12 months was lower than baseline only in the controlled group (P=.0003). Our results suggest that patients with this profile who reached BP control by RSD also experienced a significant improvement in renal function.
Unintentional Insider Threat: Contributing Factors, Observables, and Mitigation Strategies

Organizations often suffer harm from individuals who bear them no malice but whose actions unintentionally expose the organizations to risk in some way. This paper examines initial findings from research on such cases, referred to as unintentional insider threat (UIT). The goal of this paper is to inform government and industry stakeholders about the problem and its possible causes and mitigation strategies. As an initial approach to addressing the problem, we developed an operational definition for UIT, reviewed research relevant to possible causes and contributing factors, and provided examples of UIT cases and their frequencies across several categories. We conclude the paper by discussing initial recommendations on mitigation strategies and countermeasures.
Antioxidative defense system, pigment composition, and photosynthetic efficiency in two wheat cultivars subjected to drought

We analyzed antioxidative defenses, photosynthesis, and pigments (especially xanthophyll-cycle components) in two wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars, Adamello and Ofanto, during dehydration and rehydration to determine the difference in their sensitivities to drought and to elucidate the role of different protective mechanisms against oxidative stress. Drought caused a more pronounced inhibition in growth and photosynthetic rates in the more sensitive cv Adamello compared with the relatively tolerant cv Ofanto. During dehydration the glutathione content decreased in both wheat cultivars, but only cv Adamello showed a significant increase in glutathione reductase and hydrogen peroxide-glutathione peroxidase activities. The activation states of two sulfhydryl-containing chloroplast enzymes, NADP+-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, were maintained at control levels during dehydration and rehydration in both cultivars. This indicates that the defense systems involved are efficient in the protection of sulfhydryl groups against oxidation. Drought did not cause significant effects on lipid peroxidation. Upon dehydration, a decline in chlorophyll a, lutein, neoxanthin, and beta-carotene contents, and an increase in the pool of de-epoxidized xanthophyll-cycle components (i.e. zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin), were evident only in cv Adamello. Accordingly, after exposure to drought, cv Adamello showed a larger reduction in the actual photosystem II photochemical efficiency and a higher increase in nonradiative energy dissipation than cv Ofanto. Although differences in zeaxanthin content were not sufficient to explain the difference in drought tolerance between the two cultivars, zeaxanthin formation may be relevant in avoiding irreversible damage to photosystem II in the more sensitive cultivar.
Interference with granulocyte function by Staphylococcus epidermidis slime

The interaction of Staphylococcus epidermidis slime with human neutrophils (PMN) was examined by using isolated slime and allowing bacteria to elaborate slime and other extracellular products in situ. S. epidermidis slime was found to contain a chemoattractant. Incubation of PMN with 50 micrograms or more of slime per ml inhibited subsequent chemotaxis of the PMN to n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine by 27% and to zymosan-activated serum by 44 to 67% with increasing slime concentrations. S. epidermidis slime stimulated little degranulation of untreated PMN. After pretreatment of PMN with 5 micrograms of cytochalasin b per ml, slime predominantly induced release of specific granule contents (33.8% lactoferrin release by 250 micrograms of slime per ml versus 10% myeloperoxidase release by 250 micrograms of slime per ml). By a surface phagocytosis assay, PMN uptake of radiolabeled S. epidermidis which were incubated for 18 h on a plastic surface for slime expression was less than that for S. epidermidis adhered to the plastic for 2 h or grown in unsupplemented nutrient broth. These results suggest that S. epidermidis slime interaction with PMN may be potentially detrimental to host defense and may contribute to the ability of this organism to persist on surfaces of foreign bodies in the vascular or central nervous system.
Computational Study of Security Constrained Economic Dispatch With Multi-Stage Rescheduling

We model post-contingency corrective actions in the security-constrained economic dispatch and consider multiple stages of rescheduling to meet different security constraints. The resulting linear program is not solvable by traditional LP methods due to its large size. We devise and implement a series of algorithmic enhancements based on the Benders' decomposition method to ameliorate the computational difficulty. These enhancements include reducing the number of subproblems, solving the LPs faster by using appropriate solver options, harnessing parallel computing and treating difficult contingencies separately by integrating an independent “feasibility checker” process in the algorithm. In addition, we propose a set of online measures to diagnose and correct infeasibility issues encountered in the solution process. The overall solution approach, coded directly in GAMS, is able to process the “N-1” contingency list in 10 min for all large network cases (e.g., the Polish 2383-bus case) available for experiments.
Discordance of genetic alterations between primary head and neck tumors and corresponding metastases associated with mutational status of the TP53 gene

Ample molecular data are available on the progression from normal mucosa to invasive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but information on further genetic progression to metastatic disease is scarce. To obtain insight into the metastatic process, we compared 23 primary HNSCCs with 25 corresponding lymph node metastases (LNMs) and 10 corresponding distant metastases (DMs) with respect to TP53 mutations and patterns of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) based on 26 microsatellite markers on six chromosome arms (3p, 9p, 17p, 13q, 8p, and 18q). In 18 of the 23 patients, a TP53 mutation was detected in the primary tumor, and in all cases the same TP53 mutation was present in the corresponding LNM or DM. In nine of 20 patients with LNMs and three of seven patients with DMs, the LOH pattern of metastasis differed from that of the corresponding primary tumor by at least one marker. Microsatellite markers located on chromosome arms 13q, 8p, and 18q were most frequently discordant, providing evidence that alterations at these chromosomes occur late in HNSCC carcinogenesis. Moreover, evidence was found that DMs had developed directly from the primary tumor and not from LNMs. Remarkably, we observed that the mutational status of the TP53 gene is associated significantly with the degree of genetic differences between primary HNSCCs and corresponding metastases. All patients with TP53 wild‐type primary tumors showed significantly more discordant LOH patterns in the corresponding LNMs and DMs than patients with TP53‐mutated tumors. The percentages were 100% versus 27% (LNMs) and 100% versus 0% (DMs), respectively (P = 0.008 and P = 0.029; two‐sided Fisher exact test). This finding suggests that TP53‐mutated tumors need fewer additional genetic alterations to develop metastases compared with TP53 wild‐type primary tumors. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
[Atypical ophthalmic findings in Susac syndrome].

CASE REPORT A 25-year-old woman with encephalopathy and sensorineural hearing loss was referred to us in order to confirm Susac syndrome, due to bilateral visual loss. Funduscopic examination revealed peripheral retinal microangiopathy. DISCUSSION Susac syndrome is typically characterized by the clinical triad of encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusions, and hearing loss. In our case, ophthalmic findings were atypical. Interrupted vessels and microaneurisms accumulation in the peripheral retina of both eyes were observed.
Still Not Solved: A Call for Renewed Focus on User-Centered Teleoperation Interfaces

Teleoperation is one of the oldest applications of human-robot interaction, yet decades later, robots are still difficult to control in a variety of situations, especially when used by non-expert robot operators. That difficulty has relegated teleoperation to mostly expert-level use cases, though everyday jobs and lives could benefit from teleoperated robots by enabling people to get tasks done remotely. Research has made great progress by improving the capabilities of robots, and exploring a variety of interfaces to improve operator performance, but many non-expert applications of teleoperation are limited by the operator’s ability to understand and control the robot effectively. We discuss the state of the art of user-centered research for teleoperation interfaces along with challenges teleoperation researchers face and discuss how an increased focus on human-centered teleoperation research can help push teleoperation into more everyday situations.
Heparin and its derivatives in the treatment of arterial thrombosis: a review

Arterial occlusion due to thrombosis caused by ruptured atherosclerotic plaques has been recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in western populations. Along with chronic heart failure it significantly decreases patient life expectancy. The major goal of treatment remains fast recanalization and acute reocclusion prevention. Direct (antithrombin-independent) thrombin inhibitors can be divided into two main categories: monovalent and bivalent, while antithrombin stimulators represent standard (unfractionated) heparin (UFH) and its depolymerizing products - low molecular weight heparins (LMWH's). Recently a shift to prophylaxis of thromboembolic disease has been advocated. Unlike standard heparin, low-molecular weight heparins do not affect the patient's general coagulation profile. Obviously, the difference in molecular weight results in different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the agents.
Magnetic resonance imaging of anterior cruciate ligament tears: evaluation of standard orthogonal and tailored paracoronal images

Purpose: To evaluate the three standard orthogonal imaging planes and a paracoronal imaging plane for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Material and Methods: Ninety patients (91 knees; 29 F and 61 M) aged between 15 and 84 years (mean 36.9±16.4 years) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee prior to arthroscopy. At surgery, 32 knees had an intact ACL, 4 a partial tear, and 55 a complete ACL tear. In all patients, axial, sagittal, coronal, and paracoronal T2-weighted turbo-SE images were acquired. The ACL was classified as intact, partially, or completely torn. Partial and complete tears were combined for statistical evaluation. Results: Partial ACL tears (four cases) were not correctly diagnosed at MRI except in one knee by one observer on coronal images. Sensitivity in detecting ACL tears was 95%/63% (reader1/reader2) in the axial, 93%/95% in the sagittal, 93%/86% in the coronal, and 100%/93% in the paracoronal plane. Specificity was 75%/81% in the axial, 72%/81% in the sagittal, 78%/94% in the coronal, and 78%/88% in the paracoronal plane. Conclusion: ACL tears can be diagnosed accurately with each of the standard orthogonal planes. Based on reader confidence and interobserver agreement paracoronal images may be useful in equivocal cases.
Defect density evaluation in a high-k MOSFET gate stack combining experimental and modeling methods

We report on a methodology to assist fabrication process development using a case study of high thermal budget (HTB) and low thermal budget (LTB) fabrication flows for high-k/metal gate stacks in n-MOSFETs. This methodology is supported by simulations that self-consistently extract defect characteristics by simultaneously considering a set of electrical measurement data, specifically stress-induced leakage current (SILC), threshold voltage shift (PBTI), and multi-frequency charge-pumping (MFCP). The contributions of pre-existing and stress-induced defects in SiO2/HfO2 gate stacks on device performance are examined. Information on defect distributions, extracted in the as-fabricated and post-stress HTB and LTB devices, allow understanding their dependence on the fabrication process, which can provide guidelines for the process optimization.
A Histological Analysis of the Müllerectomy: Redefining Its Mechanism in Ptosis Repair

Background: The goals of this study were to determine whether the surgical target amount of Müller's muscle removed is consistent with the histological amount obtained, to assess the clinical outcome of ptosis repair based on these amounts, and to evaluate the role of the levator aponeurosis in the procedure. Methods: The Müllerectomy procedure was performed on eight eyelids of four cadavers and eight eyelids of seven patients (six unilateral, one bilateral). Histologically, the dimensions of the Müller and levator muscles were measured in the specimens removed. If present, the elastic fiber network of the levator aponeurosis was noted. Ptosis measurements were analyzed according to the target amount of resection and histologic amount obtained. Results: The median percentage of Müller's muscle histologically measured compared with the target tissue resection obtained was 23.25 percent (0 to 37.5 percent, n = 8) in cadavers, compared with 31.13 percent (2.8 to 58.8 percent) in patient specimens. Levator aponeurosis was identified in all cadaver specimens (n = 8) and all patient specimens (n = 8). Elastin stain identified the elastic fiber network of the levator aponeurosis. There was no statistically significant difference between amount of resection and presence of the Müller or levator muscle in cadaver (p > 0.05) or patient specimens (p > 0.05). Conclusions: There is a consistent presence of levator aponeurosis that may play a role in ptosis repair via aponeurosis advancement and resection using a modified internal Müllerectomy approach. Using the authors' surgical technique, there is no correlation of the histologically measured amount of Müller's muscle to the postoperative marginal reflex distance-1 change in the operative eyelid. The levator aponeurosis may play a greater role in ptosis repair using an internal Müllerectomy approach than previously thought.
Insights into COPD Comorbidities from the OLIN Study and Other Large Databases

In this Journal, Lindberg et al. describe the prevalence of comorbidities (non-pulmonary chronic illnesses and conditions) in a well-characterized cohort of 993 COPD cases and 993 ageand gender-matched controls without airflow obstruction. All were recruited as part of the OLIN (Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden) study, a large longitudinal project that has collected data on over 50,000 participants since 1985 (1). The strength of the OLIN project is that it is as close to a population-based cohort of COPD patients as you will find anywhere, so it reflects the clinical characteristics of COPD among persons in the general population, as opposed to COPD patients recruited for highly selected clinical trial populations that usually exclude comorbidities. Both cases and controls had spirometry and a detailed medical interview that included questions about specific chronic diseases and conditions. The COPD patients were stratified by GOLD-COPD severity classifications I-IV (mild through very severe), and the controls were stratified by those with normal lung function (N = 776) or those with restrictive lung function (N = 217). Among those with even mild COPD, increased prevalences of cardiovascular disease, intermittent claudication, and chronic rhinitis were found as compared to controls. The prevalence of comorbidities increased with COPD severity, and as expected, the adjusted odds ratios for most other smoking-related comorbidities were also substantially elevated. Interestingly, those with restrictive lung function, which is a population about which we have relatively little epidemiologic information, also had substantially increased comorbidities including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. As interest in the pathophysiology and treatment of COPD is increased, so too has interest in how to stratify the clinical characteristics of COPD patients so that we can identify the genetic factors that determine the response to airborne exposures, a process known as phenotyping. The traditional paradigm of stratifying COPD by the severity of airflow obstruction is useful and well validated, but it also has many notable limitations. It is not uncommon to find persons with severe airflow obstruction who are relatively
Interaction of Beef Growth Type×Production System for Carcass Traits of Steers

Steers (n=335) of known genetic backgrounds from four fundamentally different growth types were subjected to two production systems to study differences in carcass traits. Growth types were animals with genetic potential for large mature weight-late maturing, intermediate mature weight-late maturing, intermediate mature weight-early maturing and small mature weight-early maturing. Each year, in a nine-year study, calves of each growth type were weaned and five steers of each growth type were developed on pasture or feedlot and slaughtered at approximately 20 and 14 months of age, respectively. Data collected were pre-slaughter shrunk body weight (SBW); hot carcass weight (HCW); dressing percentage (DRESS); fat thickness at the 12 th and 13 th rib interface (FAT); percentage kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (KPH); longissimus muscle area (LMA); marbling score (MARB); quality grade (QG); and yield grade (YG). Year and growth type were significant for all carcass traits. The growth type×production system interaction was an important source of variation in SBW, HCW; FAT, YG and MARB. The same interaction was non-significant for DRESS, KPH, LMA and QG. Carcass differences in measures of fatness were greater in the feedlot system than in the pasture system. These data could aid producers in matching beef growth type to the production system most suitable for efficient use of resources. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 2 : 259-266)
Nano-size structure formation on Si substrate for optical device application

We have found optimized RIE conditions by increasing the distance between the metal mesh and silicon wafer. We have also found that by increasing the reactive ion etching (RIE) process time with an optimized SF6/O2 ratio, pressure, and RF power. It is possible to switch from a random texture to an nm-size pyramid texture on μm-size pyramid texture. This RIE system textured a crystalline wafer surface that formed approximately 10~20 nm structures on 2~3 μm pyramidal silicon with less than 3% of reflectivity.