Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A mathematical perspective on density functional perturbation theory

This article is concerned with the mathematical analysis of the perturbation method for extended Kohn–Sham models, in which fractional occupation numbers are allowed. All our results are established in the framework of the reduced Hartree–Fock (rHF) model, but our approach can be used to study other kinds of Kohn–Sham models, under some assumptions on the mathematical structure of the exchange–correlation functional. The classical results of density functional perturbation theory in the non-degenerate case (that is when the Fermi level is not a degenerate eigenvalue of the mean-field Hamiltonian) are formalized, and a proof of Wigner's (2n + 1) rule is provided. We then focus on the situation when the Fermi level is a degenerate eigenvalue of the rHF Hamiltonian, which has not been considered so far.
Predictors of breast self‐examination performance among Jordanian university female students

&NA; Breast cancer is considered one of the main types of cancer among female worldwide and in Jordan also. Early detection of it will improve the prognosis and decrease the mortality rate also. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the predictors of breast self‐examination performance among Jordanian university female students. Across‐sectional design was utilised in this study. A sample of 100 participants was completed the study survey (The Champion's Health Belief Model Scale). The main results or regression analysis showed that confidence (&bgr; = .71, p < .0001) and perceived barriers (&bgr; = −.061, p = .0004) were significant predictors of breast self‐examination performance. In summary, other variables of Health belief model were found not be significant indicators of BSE performance in this study. However, the HBM is considered a valid framework to assess the predictors of breast self‐examination knowledge, attitude, beliefs and barriers among Jordanian college female students.
Noninvasive kinetic approach to the estimation of total hepatic blood flow and shunting in chronic liver disease—a hypothesis

The intact hepatocyte theory of chronic liver disease suggests a relationship between the degree of shunting of total liver blood flow around the functional liver cell mass and the fraction of functional liver cell mass. By defining this relationship we have developed pharmacokinetic equations to permit the estimation of both total hepatic blood flow and the extent to which this blood flow is shunted. The method requires the determination of the systemic (hepatic) clearances of a high (e.g., indocyanine green [JCG]) and a low (e.g., antipyrine [AP]) extraction ratio drug in the same patient. Applying these equations to literature data obtained from patients with moderate or severe chronic liver disease and from patients with a surgical portacaval shunt, we find. : (1) a modest decrease in total hepatic blood flow (16%) and a significant degree of shunting (27%) in patients with moderate chronic liver disease; (2) a substantially reduced total hepatic blood (52%) and extensive shunting (72%) in patients with severe chronic liver disease, and (3) a degree of shunting comparable to that estimated in patients with moderate chronic liver disease but a seriously compromised total hepatic blood flow (a reduction of 55% compared to normal) in patients with surgical portacaval shunts.
A support vector clustering method

We present a novel kernel method for data clustering using a description of the data by support vectors. The kernel reflects a projection of the data points from data space to a high dimensional feature space. Cluster boundaries are defined as spheres in feature space, which represent complex geometric shapes in data space. We utilize this geometric representation of the data to construct a simple clustering algorithm.
Influence of Plant Polymers on the Distribution and Cultivation of Bacteria in the Phylum Acidobacteria

ABSTRACT Members of the phylum Acidobacteria are among the most abundant bacteria in soil. Although they have been characterized as versatile heterotrophs, it is unclear if the types and availability of organic resources influence their distribution in soil. The potential for organic resources to select for different acidobacteria was assessed using molecular and cultivation-based approaches with agricultural and managed grassland soils in Michigan. The distribution of acidobacteria varied with the carbon content of soil: the proportion of subdivision 4 sequences was highest in agricultural soils (ca. 41%) that contained less carbon than grassland soils, where the proportions of subdivision 1, 3, 4, and 6 sequences were similar. Either readily oxidizable carbon or plant polymers were used as the sole carbon and energy source to isolate heterotrophic bacteria from these soils. Plant polymers increased the diversity of acidobacteria cultivated but decreased the total number of heterotrophs recovered compared to readily oxidizable carbon. Two phylogenetically novel Acidobacteria strains isolated on the plant polymer medium were characterized. Strains KBS 83 (subdivision 1) and KBS 96 (subdivision 3) are moderate acidophiles with pH optima of 5.0 and 6.0, respectively. Both strains grew slowly (μ = 0.01 h−1) and harbored either 1 (strain KBS 83) or 2 (strain KBS 96) copies of the 16S rRNA encoding gene—a genomic characteristic typical of oligotrophs. Strain KBS 83 is a microaerophile, growing optimally at 8% oxygen. These metabolic characteristics help delineate the niches that acidobacteria occupy in soil and are consistent with their widespread distribution and abundance.
E-education in the UK

The paper outlines the results of a survey, by the EBONI project, of lecturers' use of and attitudes to electronic teaching and learning material, providing a snapshot of the current situation in UK higher education. Differences in the extent and type of e-content usage between academic disciplines, and lecturers' intentions for the future, are discussed. Based on an analysis of their hopes and concerns, recommendations are made for increasing the development, usage and effectiveness of electronic content.
Acute effects of cocaine on plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone and prolactin levels in cocaine-dependent men.

Acute cocaine administration alters secretion of anterior pituitary hormones in experimental animals, and cocaine abuse may compromise neuroendocrine function in humans. The goal of this study was to examine cocaine's acute effects on neuroendocrine hormones in cocaine-dependent men. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone and prolactin levels were measured in 18 men before and after i.v. administration of cocaine (30 mg) or placebo. Each subject served as his own control during the i.v. placebo and cocaine administration conditions. Plasma cocaine levels peaked at 260 ng/ml within 5 min after the i.v. injection. Plasma ACTH levels increased significantly above base-line levels at 5, 15, 30 (P < .01) and 45 min (P < .05) after i.v. cocaine. Plasma luteinizing hormone levels increased significantly above base-line levels at 5 (P < .05) and at 15 min (P < .01) after i.v. cocaine. No changes in plasma ACTH or luteinizing hormone levels were found after i.v. placebo injection. Plasma prolactin levels decreased significantly at 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min (P < .01) after both i.v. cocaine and placebo administration. Cocaine-induced increases in plasma ACTH levels may be due to its effects on dopaminergic systems which modulate corticotropin-releasing factor release in brain.
Iliad: Moving Medical Decision-Making into New Frontiers

Abstract: If the essence of clinical practice is a process of sequential problem-solving, whereby a physician works with a patient to formulate a series of decisions about diagnostic treatment, then it would naturally follow that the essence of medical education should evolve around the training of would-be clinicians in the difficult art of diagnostic decisionmaking. Yet this is not often the case.
/ Drug-or-Alcohol-Facilitated and Forcible Rape Relationship Between Early Sexual Victimization and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms : A Mechanism in the

Sexual assault occurring when the victim is unable to consent or resist due to the use or administration of alcohol or drugs (i.e., incapacitated/ drug-or-alcohol facilitated rape; IR/DAFR) is a particularly prevalent form of victimization experienced by college women. By definition, substance use precedes IR/DAFR; however, few studies have examined other potential risk factors for IR/DAFR that may be unique from those associated with forcible rape (FR; i.e., sexual assault occurring due to threats or physical restraint). The present investigation tested a model of risk for IR/DAFR and FR suggesting that child or adolescent sexual abuse (CASA) leads to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, which in turn increase the likelihood of Article at UNIV NEBRASKA LIBRARIES on December 24, 2012 jiv.sagepub. com Downloaded from
Sinus Aspergillosis and Allergic Fungal Sinusitis

Aspergillosis of the sinonasal tract has four basic clinicopathologic presentations depending on the mucosal or extramucosal involvement by the fungus. Two are saprophytic (aspergilloma and allergic Aspergillus sinusitis) and two are infectious (chronic indolent and invasive fulminant sinusitis). Tissue-invasive and angioinvasive aspergillosis can be a rapidly lethal disease, particularly in the immune-compromised host. The allergic form of paranasal sinus aspergillosis is presumed to be initiated by hyperreactivity to fungal antigens. Not all allergic fungal sinusitis is associated with Aspergillus species, and culture confirmation is necessary to distinguish the fungal agent. Surgical removal of the offending fungus is the mainstay of therapy in all forms of sinonasal aspergillosis and other fungal sinusitis. Antifungal agents and steroids complement surgical removal, depending on the form of the sinusitis
VP24 of Marburg Virus Influences Formation of Infectious Particles

ABSTRACT The highly pathogenic enveloped Marburg virus (MARV) is composed of seven structural proteins and the nonsegmented negative-sense viral RNA genome. Four proteins (NP, VP35, VP30, and L) make up the helical nucleocapsid, which is surrounded by a matrix that is composed of the viral proteins VP40 and VP24. VP40 is functionally homologous to the matrix proteins of other nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses. As yet, the function of VP24 remains elusive. In the present study we found that VP24 colocalized with inclusions in MARV-infected cells that contain preformed nucleocapsids and with nucleocapsids outside the inclusions. Coexpression studies revealed that VP24 is recruited into the inclusions by the presence of NP. Furthermore, VP24 displayed membrane-binding properties and was recruited into filamentous virus-like particles (VLPs) that are induced by VP40. The incorporation of VP24 altered neither the morphology of VLPs nor the budding efficiency of VLPs. When VP24 was silenced in MARV-infected cells by small interfering RNA technology, the release of viral particles was significantly reduced while viral transcription and replication were unimpaired. Our data support the idea that VP24 is essential for a process that takes place after replication and transcription and before budding of virus progeny. It is presumed that VP24 is necessary for the formation of transport-competent nucleocapsids and/or the interaction between the nucleocapsids and the budding sites at the plasma membrane.
The window and mechanisms of major age‐related decline in the production of new neurons within the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus

While it is well known that production of new neurons from neural stem/progenitor cells (NSC) in the dentate gyrus (DG) diminishes greatly by middle age, the phases and mechanisms of major age‐related decline in DG neurogenesis are largely unknown. To address these issues, we first assessed DG neurogenesis in multiple age groups of Fischer 344 rats via quantification of doublecortin‐immunopositive (DCX+) neurons and then measured the production, neuronal differentiation and initial survival of new cells in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of 4‐, 12‐ and 24‐month‐old rats using four injections (one every sixth hour) of 5′‐bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), and BrdU–DCX dual immunostaining. Furthermore, we quantified the numbers of proliferating cells in the SGZ of these rats using Ki67 immunostaining. Numbers of DCX+ neurons were stable at 4–7.5 months of age but decreased progressively at 7.5–9 months (41% decline), 9–10.5 months (39% decline), and 10.5–12 months (34% decline) of age. Analyses of BrdU+ cells at 6 h after the last BrdU injection revealed a 71–78% decline in the production of new cells per day between 4‐month‐old rats and 12‐ or 24‐month‐old rats. Numbers of proliferating Ki67+ cells (putative NSCs) in the SGZ also exhibited similar (72–85%) decline during this period. However, the extent of both neuronal differentiation (75–81%) and initial 12‐day survival (67–74%) of newly born cells was similar in all age groups. Additional analyses of dendritic growth of 12‐day‐old neurons revealed that newly born neurons in the aging DG exhibit diminished dendritic growth compared with their age‐matched counterparts in the young DG. Thus, major decreases in DG neurogenesis occur at 7.5–12 months of age in Fischer 344 rats. Decreased production of new cells due to proliferation of far fewer NSCs in the SGZ mainly underlies this decline.
How substance-based ontologies for gravity can be productive: A case study

Many science education researchers have argued that learners' commitment to a substance (matter-based) ontology impedes the learning of scientific concepts that scientists typically conceptualize as processes or interactions, such as such as force, electric current, and heat. By this account, students' tendency to classify these entities as substances or properties of substances leads to robust misconceptions, and instruction should steer novices away from substance-based reasoning. We argue that substance-based reasoning, when it supports learners' sense-making, can form the seeds for sophisticated understanding of these very same physics concepts. We present a case study of a group of elementary school science teachers in our professional development program. The teachers build a sophisticated explanation for why objects of different masses have the same acceleration due to gravity, starting from substance-based metaphors for gravity. We argue that, for conceptual, epistemological, and affective reasons, instructional interventions should focus on tapping these productive matter-based resources rather than attempting to replace them.
Automated measurement of a constitutive isotype of serum amyloid A/SAA4 and comparison with other apolipoproteins

A constitutive isotype of serum amyloid A (SAA4) is present mostly in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and a little in other lipoproteins. In this study, we developed an automated method for measuring SAA4 concentration in serum by kinetic nephelometry of anti‐SAA4 antibody‐coated latex agglutination. Rabbit antibodies generated by immunization of recombinant SAA4 were found to have no apparent reactivity with acute phase SAA. The values determined by this method and by the previous enzyme immunoassay showed good agreement (r=0.862). Serum SAA4 values of 26 healthy adults ranged from 37–109 mg/L (mean; 62 mg/L). Their SAA4 concentrations were not significantly related with those of apolipoprotein A‐I, A‐II, B, C‐II, C‐III or E. Also, SAA4 did not correlate with cholesterol in preparation after removal of very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein. These suggest the unique behavior of SAA4 in lipoprotein metabolism, while what contributes to variation of SAA4 levels in serum, especially in HDL, remains to be clarified. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 11:363–368, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multistage Selection and the Financing of New Ventures

Using a random sample of 221 new Swedish ventures initiated in 1998, we examine why some new ventures are more likely than others to successfully be awarded capital from external sources. We examine venture financing as a staged selection process in which two sequential selection events systematically winnow the population of ventures and influence which ventures receive financing. For a venture to receive external financing its founders must first select it as a candidate for external funding, and then a financier must fund it. We find evidence that founders select ventures as candidates for external finance based on their perceptions of market competition, market growth, and employment growth, while financiers base funding decisions on objective verifiable indicators of venture development, such as the completion of organizing activities, marketing activities, and the level of sales of the venture. Our findings have implications for venture financing and evolutionary theories of social processes.
Contact Selectivity and Efficiency in Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics

Highly doped junctions of a Si solar cell function as membranes that block minority carriers and, at the same time, provide a high conductivity for transporting majority carriers to the contacts. They are thus said to be selective contacts. We propose a quantitative definition for the selectivity of contacts. The selectivity provides a figure of merit for electron and hole contacts that is helpful in designing solar cells and in identifying the efficiency limiting components. Applying the definition of selectivity to poly-Si junctions reveals that the root cause of their high selectivity is the highly asymmetric carrier concentration rather than a specific contact geometry.
Coronary microvascular dysfunction after ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: local or global phenomenon?

Variable degrees of coronary microvascular dysfunction occur at the time of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) correlating with infarct size and long-term prognosis. Angiographic methods for assessing microvascular dysfunction in the cardiac catheterization laboratory at the time of STEMI include thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count, and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction myocardial perfusion grade.1 More recently, coronary wire-based methods measuring Doppler-derived parameters, such as the coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR), or measuring thermodilution-derived parameters, such as the index of microcirculatory resistance, have been shown to be more powerful predictors of acute left ventricular dysfunction, myocardial viability, and subsequent adverse outcomes.2,3 Article see p 207 Although it is widely accepted that the degree of microvascular dysfunction occurring in the myocardium subtended by the infarct-related vessel correlates with infarct size and prognosis, there has been some debate on whether more global microvascular dysfunction, involving myocardial regions not supplied by the infarct-related vessel, is present at the time of STEMI. For example, Uren et al4 performed positron emission tomography imaging in 13 patients with STEMI and found a decreased coronary flow reserve in the noninfarct-related vessel, which improved at 6-month follow-up. However, Ntalianis et al5 measured fractional flow reserve in a nonculprit vessel at the time of STEMI in 75 patients and again 1 month later and found no significant difference in fractional flow reserve or in index of microcirculatory resistance, which was measured in a subgroup, suggesting that the microvascular dysfunction resulting from STEMI is limited to the territory supplied by the infarct-related artery. In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions , van de Hoef et al6 report long-term follow-up in 100 patients presenting with STEMI, in whom they measured Doppler wire-derived CFVR, diastolic deceleration time, and systolic flow reversal …
Cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: A narrative review on efficacy and informed consent

Cognitive behavioural therapy is increasingly promoted as a treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome. There is limited research on informed consent using cognitive behavioural therapy in chronic fatigue syndrome. We undertook a narrative review to explore efficacy and to identify the salient information that should be disclosed to patients. We found a complex theoretical model underlying the rationale for psychotherapy in chronic fatigue syndrome. Cognitive behavioural therapy may bring about changes in self-reported fatigue for some patients in the short term, however there is a lack of evidence for long-term benefit or for improving physical function and cognitive behavioural therapy may cause distress if inappropriately prescribed. Therapist effects and placebo effects are important outcome factors.
Role of Metalloproteases in the Release of the IL-1 type II Decoy Receptor*

The IL-1 type II receptor (decoy RII) is a nonsignaling molecule the only established function of which is to capture IL-1 and prevent it from interacting with signaling receptor. The decoy RII is released in a regulated way from the cell surface. Here, we reported that hydroxamic acid inhibitors of matrix metalloproteases inhibit different pathways of decoy RII release, including the following: (a) the slow (18 h) gene expression-dependent release from monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells exposed to dexamethasone; (b) rapid release (minutes) from myelomonocytic cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor, chemoattractants, or phorbol myristate acetate; (c) phorbol myristate acetate-induced release from decoy RII-transfected fibroblasts and B cells. Inhibition of release was associated with increased surface expression of decoy RII. Inhibitors of other protease classes did not substantially affect release. However, serine protease inhibitors increased the molecular mass of the decoy RII released from polymorphonuclear cells from 45 to 60 kDa. Thus, irrespective of the pathway responsible for release and of the cellular context, matrix metalloproteases, rather than differential splicing, play a key role in production of soluble decoy RII.
Grammar and Frequency Effects in the Acquisition of Prosodic Words in European Portuguese

This paper investigates the acquisition of prosodic words in European Portuguese (EP) through analysis of grammatical and statistical properties of the target language and child speech. The analysis of grammatical properties shows that there are solid cues to the prosodic word (PW) in EP, and the presence of early word-based phonology in child speech shows that EP children are aware of these cues. It is thus hypothesized that grammatical properties could play a role in the development of the PW by promoting the early production of the different word shapes found in the language. The analysis of statistical properties of the input, namely word shape frequencies in adult speech and child-directed speech, shows that they constrain early word shapes in child speech in ways similar to recent reports on other languages: a fairly high frequency of monosyllabic shapes, and especially of monosyllabic CV shapes, in the input agrees with the production of subminimal words in child speech; a fairly high frequency of trisyllabic and larger shapes in the input (adult speech in particular) matches the early development of words larger than a binary foot. These patterns, together with the co-occurrence of truncation to subminimal shapes in the initial and later stages, as well as the presence of prosodic fillers regardless of word size, support the claim that early words in EP are not constrained by minimality or maximality requirements. The potential interaction of grammar and frequency effects in PW acquisition is discussed in the light of the present findings and comparable data available in the literature for English, French, Spanish and Catalan.