Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Success Rate of Immediate Nonfunctional Loaded Single-Tooth Implants: Immediate Versus Delayed Implantation

Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate of maxillary immediate nonfunctional single-tooth loaded implants used into fresh extraction sites (immediate placement condition) or healed ridge (delayed placement condition). Materials and Methods:Eighty-two dental implants were placed in the maxilla of 64 consecutive patients from private practice office and from a specialization course in Implantology. Forty-six implants were inserted under immediate placement condition, and 36 were inserted under delayed placement condition. The criteria used to evaluate success rate were those previously described by Albrektsson and Zarb (Int J Prosthodont. 1993;6:95–105), and follow-up period ranged from 18.0 to 39.7 months. Results:Seventy-nine implants fulfilled the success rate criteria (96.3%). Moreover, differences concerning implantation condition were not significant (P = 0.33, Qui-square test): three of the failed implants were from immediate placement group (success rate of 93.5%), and none was from delayed placement group (success rate of 100.0%). Conclusion:In the present sample, no statistically significant differences were detected for immediate nonfunctional single-tooth loaded implants under immediate placement condition in comparison with those inserted under delayed placement condition; both protocols had high success rate in maxillary incisors, canines, and premolars areas.
Toward the Identification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood for Bone Regeneration

Background:The advent of monoclonal antibody stem cell marker technology has made it possible to identify a variety of human stem cells and their progeny. Specific markers exist for cells related to bone healing and bone regeneration. These include but are not limited to hematopoietic, mesenchymal, endothelial, angiogenic, and vasculargenic precursor cells. Purpose:The purpose of this investigation was to (1) to identify, by means of cell markers, the presence of stem cells needed for bone formation within peripheral blood and bone-marrow aspirate, and (2) to ascertain whether more of those stem cells were present in the bone-marrow aspirate than the peripheral blood. Materials:Samples of autogenous bone-marrow aspirate and peripheral blood from 6 patients ranging in age from 23 to 73 were analyzed with 6-column flow cytometry using cell markers for stem cells relating to bone growth and bone healing. Six monoclonal antibody cell markers were utilized: CD14, CD34, CD36, CD105, CD106, and CD309 (also known as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor or KDR). Subgroups reacting to these markers or combinations of markers were then further tested with other marker combinations. Results:The expression of specific monoclonal antibody cell markers revealed that bone marrow contained more osteogenic stem cells than peripheral blood. Bone marrow contained a higher percentage of cells that reacted with the CD34 and CD14 markers. This suggests that bone marrow contains more hematopoietic stem cells that proliferate to become myeloid progenitor cells, megakaryocytes, monocyte/macrophages, and osteoclast progenitors. When the fractions of bone marrow and peripheral blood samples that reacted with both CD34 and CD14 were further tested for CD105, more of the fraction from bone marrow reacted to CD105 than that from peripheral blood, suggesting more osteogenic potential in the bone marrow than the peripheral blood. When the fraction of bone marrow and peripheral blood samples that reacted with CD34 and CD14 were tested for the combination of CD105, CD106, and CD36, a smaller percentage of cells from the bone marrow reacted with CD36 than those from peripheral blood, suggesting that CD36 does not express for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Conclusion:Bone-marrow aspirate seems to contain a significantly greater percentage of hematopoietic, endothelial, and MSCs than peripheral blood. Of particular significance is the higher percentage of bone-marrow cells reacting to CD105, an indication of the presence of MSCs. The ability of multipotent MSCs to form osteoblasts for bone regeneration makes transplanted bone-marrow aspirate a promising tool for enhancing bone regeneration.
Subject-specific bone remodelling of the scapula

Finite element analyses, with increasing levels of detail and complexity, are becoming effective tools to evaluate the performance of joint replacement prostheses and to predict the behaviour of bone. As a first step towards the study of the complications of shoulder arthroplasty, the aim of this work was the development and validation of a 3D finite element model of an intact scapula for the prediction of the bone remodelling process based on a previously published model that attempts to follow Wolff's law. The boundary conditions applied include full muscle and joint loads taken from a multibody system of the upper limb based on the same subject whose scapula was here analysed. To validate the bone remodelling simulations, qualitative and quantitative comparisons between the predicted and the specimen's bone density distribution were performed. The results showed that the bone remodelling model was able to successfully reproduce the actual bone density distribution of the analysed scapula.
Distal biceps brachii tendon rupture: what do we do with these?

Treatment options for distal biceps tendon ruptures are vast, including conservative treatment and many techniques for surgical repair. Surgical repair of distal biceps ruptures is indicated in patients wanting to restore supination strength and endurance. In most cases, direct anatomic repair is indicated, with the two-incision technique modified by Morrey considered the standard. Superior outcomes of surgical repair compared with conservative treatment have been well established. Most contemporary techniques focus on the single-incision approach with types of fixation including suture anchors, cortical buttons and interference screws. Recent literature has focused on descriptions of new techniques along with biomechanical comparisons of these options. Of the one-incision approaches, it is not yet clear which technique is superior. This review provides a discussion of all the most recent data and gives our algorithm for treatment of this injury.
Long-term Oxygen Therapy at Home: Compliance With Medical Prescription and Effective Use of Therapy

Study objective Daily duration of oxygen administration is an important factor in the effectiveness of long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) for hypoxic chronic pulmonary disease. We have assessed the daily use of oxygen therapy in 930 patients with COPD and examined factors associated with the effective use of this treatment. Methods Objective daily duration of oxygen use over a 3-month period was prospectively measured using the counter clock of the oxygen concentrators or by weighing the liquid oxygen container at each delivery. A questionnaire was filled in by an independent investigator asking about home situation, lifestyle, and whether oxygen therapy was used during all domestic and outside activities. In addition, prescribing physicians were asked about the duration and modalities of oxygen prescribed in each case. Results The patients had been receiving LTOT for 36±24 months and had hypoxemia (Pa02=56±9 mm Hg), hypercapnia (PaCO 2 =47±8 mm Hg), and severe airflow obstruction (FEV 1 /VC =42±14%). The mean duration of oxygen treatment prescribed was 16±3 h/d. The mean duration of oxygen therapy achieved was 14.5±5 h, but only 45% of the patients achieved oxygen therapy for 15 h or more per day. Patients with effective use of LTOT, ie receiving oxygen therapy for at least 15 h/d, were significantly more hypoxic (PaO 2 =54±9 vs 57±9 mm Hg; p 2 =48±8 vs 46±7 mm Hg; p 1 /VC=39.5±13 vs 45±14%; p Conclusions Attention by the prescribing physicians to such factors could optimize oxygen prescription and constitute goals for education of patients.
Relationship between the gross efficiency and muscular skin temperature of lower limb in cycling: a preliminary study

In cycling, the gross efficiency (GE, %), defined as the ratio of the power output to the metabolic power (total energy expended according to the time), is one of the main determinants of the performance (Ettema et al. 2009; Jobson et al. 2012). In the literature, the average GE values reported vary from10% to 25% (Faria et al. 2005). In this range, close to 75–90% of metabolic energy is not converted to mechanical energy, but is used to maintain metabolic equilibrium (from adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis) and released as heat. Tomaintain the central temperature close to 37.58C, this produced energy must be dissipated using a thermoregulation process. Infrared thermography measurements can be used to analyse this thermoregulation process and understand the way one part of the energy dissipates (Arfaoui et al. 2012). The aim of this studywas to analyse the relationships that may exist between the GE and the muscular skin temperature of the lower limb in cycling.
Aberrant Expression of Polycystin-1 in Renal Cell Tumors

Aberrant Expression of Polycystin-1 in Renal Cell Tumors Polycystin-1 (PC1) is a cellular transmembrane protein coded by the polycystic kidney disease (PKD1) gene, prevalently expressed in developing/mature kidney and in autosomal polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Limited data are available concerning the PC1 involvement in renal tumorigenenesis. Polycystin-1 expression was evaluated in 8 clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), 7 tubulopapillary cell type tumors, 3 solid RCCs developed in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHLD), one RCC developed in a patient on chronic haemodialysis and one angiomyolipoma in a patient with Tuberous sclerosis (TS). In the normal kidney, consistent level of polycystin-1 was detected in distal tubules, collecting duct, glomerular podocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. The strongest immunoreactivity against polycystin-1 was observed in epithelial cells lining the cystic components in all ADPKD tissues. Five cases of clear cell type RCCs and two-tubulopapillary cell type RCCs consistently expressed PC1. In the VHL disease associated renal carcinomas, both the neoplastic cells and cystic tissue areas weakly expressed PC1. In TS-associated angiomyolipoma, the vascular component was PC1 positive, while the tumoral cells were scarcely stained. The present report indicates consistent expression of the PKD1 gene product polycystin-1, in normal kidney, ADPKD tissues, and renal cell carcinomas. The findings suggest that the level of PC1 expression is linked to tumor cell type, being a more frequent event in clear cell RCC.
Beyond Traditional Measurement of ortality after Injury : Evaluation of Risks for ate

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term mortality after trauma, and to determine risk factors and possible disparities related to mortality after hospital discharge. STUDY DESIGN: Level I trauma center registry data from a 6-year period (2000 through 2005) were linked to patient electronic medical records, the National Death Index with cause of death codes, and census data using geographic information science (GIS) methodologies. Census data provided supplemental demographic and socioeconomic information from patient neighborhoods. RESULTS: The hospital mortality rate for 15,285 patients was 3.3%, and mortality after discharge was 4.8%. Overall mortality for the study period was 8.1% (average follow-up, 2.8 years, 1-year mortality, 5.4%). Mortality after discharge was related to the initial injury in 33%, possibly related in 23%, and unrelated in 44% of patients. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that independent predictors of hospital mortality were age, Injury Severity Score, gunshot injury, significant head injury, fall, and spinal cord injury. In contrast, independent risk factors for mortality after discharge were age, hospital length of stay, discharge from the hospital to a locale other than home, and the presence of spinal cord injury. Intoxication at hospital admission and injury due to a gunshot wound or motor vehicle collision were protective for late mortality. Bivariate analysis of census data demonstrated that lower socioeconomic status was associated with improved hospital survival, and non-native status was associated with mortality after discharge. CONCLUSIONS: There is significant mortality attributable to trauma for up to 1 year after hospital discharge. These findings suggest that mortality after trauma needs to be measured beyond hospital discharge in order to assess the complete impact of injury. (J Am Coll Surg 2010;210:788–796. © 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American College of Surgeons)
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical cystectomy for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer with variant histology

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pure urothelial bladder cancer provides a significant survival benefit. However, to the authors' knowledge, it is unknown whether this benefit persists in histological variants. The objective of the current study was to assess the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the probability of non‐organ‐confined disease and overall survival after radical cystectomy (RC) in patients with histological variants.
The value of tumor marker and cytokine analysis for the assessment of regional lymph node status in cervical cancer patients

The aim of the study was to evaluate the utility of the measurements of the circulating tumor markers, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), CA125, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21.1), and the cytokines, interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), to estimate regional lymph node involvement in patients with cervical cancer. The study comprised 182 untreated patients with cervical cancer. The regional lymph node status was assessed either by the postsurgical histopathologic examination or by the computed tomography (CT). Concentrations of SCCA, CEA, and CA125 were determined using the Abbott Instruments system, of CYFRA 21.1 by the Roche kits, and of IL-6 and VEGF by the ELISA of R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). For the statistical analyses, Mann–Whitney U test and χ2 test were applied. Serum levels of SCCA, CEA, CA125, CYFRA 21.1, IL-6, and VEGF were measured in patients with specified pelvic and para-aortic lymph node status. SCCA, CA125, and IL-6 levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastases than in those with no lymph node involvement. Also, the percentage of patients with simultaneously elevated concentrations of SCCA and CA125 or SCCA and IL-6 differed depending on the lymph node status and was significantly higher in the series of patients with lymph node metastases. Simultaneous assessment of serum levels of SCCA and CA125 or SCCA and IL-6 in patients with cervical cancer may be useful for the regional lymph node evaluation, especially in patients with advanced stages, when the lymph nodes are examined only by CT, with no histologic confirmation.
Neuromechanical control of the forearm muscles during gripping with sudden flexion and extension wrist perturbations

The purpose of this study was to investigate how gripping modulates forearm muscle co-contraction prior to and during sudden wrist perturbations. Ten males performed a sub-maximal gripping task (no grip, 5% and 10% of maximum) while a perturbation forced wrist flexion or extension. Wrist joint angles and activity from 11 muscles were used to determine forearm co-contraction and muscle contributions to wrist joint stiffness. Co-contraction increased in all pairs as grip force increased (from no grip to 10% grip), corresponding to a 36% increase in overall wrist joint stiffness. Inclusion of individual muscle contributions to wrist joint stiffness enhanced the understanding of forearm co-contraction. The extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and brevis had the largest stiffness contributions (34.5 ± 1.3% and 20.5 ± 2.3%, respectively), yet muscle pairs including ECRL produced the lowest co-contraction. The muscles contributing most to wrist stiffness were consistent across conditions (ECRL for extensors; Flexor Digitorum Superficialis for flexors), suggesting enhanced contributions rather than muscular redistribution. This work provides investigation of the neuromuscular response to wrist perturbations and gripping demands by considering both co-contraction and muscle contributions to joint stiffness. Individual muscle stiffness contributions can be used to enhance the understanding of forearm muscle control during complex tasks.
Disparities in breast cancer survival in the United States (2001‐2009): Findings from the CONCORD‐2 study

Reducing breast cancer incidence and achieving equity in breast cancer outcomes remains a priority for public health practitioners, health care providers, policy makers, and health advocates. Monitoring breast cancer survival can help evaluate the effectiveness of health services, quantify inequities in outcomes between states or population subgroups, and inform efforts to improve the effectiveness of cancer management and treatment.
Estimation of temporal gait parameters using Bayesian models on acceleration signals

The purpose of this study is to develop a system capable of performing calculation of temporal gait parameters using two low-cost wireless accelerometers and artificial intelligence-based techniques as part of a larger research project for conducting human gait analysis. Ten healthy subjects of different ages participated in this study and performed controlled walking tests. Two wireless accelerometers were placed on their ankles. Raw acceleration signals were processed in order to obtain gait patterns from characteristic peaks related to steps. A Bayesian model was implemented to classify the characteristic peaks into steps or nonsteps. The acceleration signals were segmented based on gait events, such as heel strike and toe-off, of actual steps. Temporal gait parameters, such as cadence, ambulation time, step time, gait cycle time, stance and swing phase time, simple and double support time, were estimated from segmented acceleration signals. Gait data-sets were divided into two groups of ages to test Bayesian models in order to classify the characteristic peaks. The mean error obtained from calculating the temporal gait parameters was 4.6%. Bayesian models are useful techniques that can be applied to classification of gait data of subjects at different ages with promising results
In response to the published article "Application of the community readiness model for childhood obesity prevention (Findholt, 2007)".

Dear Editor, I was excited to find a theoretical model for community health assessment that has the potential to cause a paradigm shift in public health nursing research in the Special Features of Public Health Nursing (Vol. 24 No. 6). The ease Findholt (2007) had in adapting the Community Readiness Model (CRM) across community health prevention efforts, in addition to its simple methods for determining community readiness relative to the health prevention issue, and results that are easily understood by community members, could potentially lead to use of the CRM as a construct in public health nursing research to understand and change communities. Unfortunately, the article failed to acknowledge the limitations of the CRM with regard to its assumptions of (1) ‘‘community responsibility’’ to prevent disease and (2) that all communities will fit into a ‘‘nine-stage intervention framework. ’’ By adopting the theoretical perspective of ‘‘community responsibility,’’ a researcher bias was created. The researcher bias distributed the responsibility of childhood obesity solely on the community. Several researchers have reported evidence to refute the CRM assumption of ‘‘community responsibility’’ through links among childhood obesity and social, political, and economic factors (Bray & Champagne, 2005; Hill & Peters, 1998). Furthermore, the assumptions that there are only nine stages of community readiness and that every community will fit into one of these nine stages also have the potential to limit the effectiveness of the CRM in practice. The interventions recommended for a community readiness stage might not be appropriate if the community scores somewhere between one of the nine stages (e.g., a score of 1.5 on a 9-point scale). Findholt (2007) appeared to recognize the limitation of this assumption by implementing a qualitative analysis of the data obtained from the CRM questionnaire to aid in the creation of interventions for communities that did not ‘‘fit’’ into one of the defined CRM stages. I encourage all public health nurses to continue to extend the CRM through nursing inquiry. A holistic perspective, while creating community prevention interventions, has the potential to diminish the narrowed perspectives of ‘‘community responsibility’’ and ‘‘a nine-stage intervention framework’’ found within the CRM in order to create innovative and effective interventions that, ultimately, promote the long-term sustainability of community prevention efforts. Kala Mayer R.N. , B.S.N. Nursing Doctoral Student University of Washington Seattle, WA
A real-time computational model for estimating kinematics of ankle ligaments

Background: An accurate assessment of ankle ligament kinematics is crucial in understanding the injury mechanisms and can help to improve the treatment of an injured ankle, especially when used in conjunction with robot-assisted therapy. A number of computational models have been developed and validated for assessing the kinematics of ankle ligaments. However, few of them can do real-time assessment to allow for an input into robotic rehabilitation programs. Method: An ankle computational model was proposed and validated to quantify the kinematics of ankle ligaments as the foot moves in real-time. This model consists of three bone segments with three rotational degrees of freedom (DOFs) and 12 ankle ligaments. This model uses inputs for three position variables that can be measured from sensors in many ankle robotic devices that detect postures within the foot–ankle environment and outputs the kinematics of ankle ligaments. Validation of this model in terms of ligament length and strain was conducted by comparing it with published data on cadaver anatomy and magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The model based on ligament lengths and strains is in concurrence with those from the published studies but is sensitive to ligament attachment positions. Conclusions: This ankle computational model has the potential to be used in robot-assisted therapy for real-time assessment of ligament kinematics. The results provide information regarding the quantification of kinematics associated with ankle ligaments related to the disability level and can be used for optimizing the robotic training trajectory.
Effectiveness of Helping Babies Breathe(HBB) training on knowledge for Health Professionals and Medical Students at Chitwan Medical College

The educational effectiveness of HBB training on newborn simulator, knowledge of trainees from Doctors, Nurses and Medical Students was evaluated before and after training on 19 & 20 March, 10 & 11 April and 6 & 7 May 2014 respectively. A post course practical skills evaluation was performed on a Neonatalie Newborn Simulator. Participants underwent a 2 day training course of 5 hours each. Thirty nine participants completed the course. The percentages of correct answers on a written test significantly increased from 82% to 99% after training. 100% of the trainees achieved passing scores. The trainees who participate in HBB training can significantly improve their knowledge and skills on simulators. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i2. 10855 Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(2): 17-19