Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and anatomohistopathologic studies of uterine anomalies in she-camels in southeast Algeria

(Elwishy 1989) to 43,9 % (Al-Afaleq et al 2012). The discrepancy in these prevalence rates presumably relates to the application of different diagnostic methods, with variable test performance, and the use of different classification systems to define the abnormalities. Comparing to other species, there are many gaps in our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis, and evolution of this common disorder in camelids. Failure to diagnose early and provide appropriate treatment may result in serious outcomes. Investigation of camel reproductive abnormalities based on abattoir survey of specimens could be effective for providing useful information on prevalence of reproductive disorders and their incidence. In camel, the histopathological criteria of uterine abnormalities are largely understudied. For this reason, our study was carried out to obtain further information on prevalence of the uterine lesions and the histopathological features of uterine specimens of she-camels in Southern Algeria.
First Draft : Comments most welcome ! Nailing the Pudding to the Wall . On the Effectiveness of Soft Regulation in EU Environmental Policies

The paper analyses the evolution of co-regulatory practices between state and business actors in EU policies for combating pollution. More specifically, we seek to identify institutional pre-conditions for the effectiveness of “soft” policy instruments in regulating industrial emissions into water, air and soil. The empirical study draws on a comparative investigation of the application of the Directive on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control in Southern and Eastern member states. Our analysis reveals that in countries with weak state capacities the application of soft, legally non-binding policy instruments may lead to adverse effects, such as non-compliance, a regulatory race to the bottom or the “hollowing-out” of the permitting procedure. In the medium-term, such developments can undermine the normative power of EC law.
The Role of Microaggressions and Mentorship on College Student Identity Integration

Over the last few decades, colleges and universities have become more diverse as students from historically underrepresented groups are enrolling at unprecedented rates. Research has suggested that college serves a unique life stage in which students further develop their identity where contextual factors (e.g., social interactions) influence their development. To date, however, very little work has explored the relationship between microaggressions, mentorship, and identity integration, and no research has examined the interconnected nature of social, academic, and leadership identity domains in college students. The present study uses a correlational, non-experimental design to examine the aforementioned variables in a cross-sectional sample of 331 undergraduate students. Gender minority, compared to gender majority, students reported greater integration of their social, academic, and leadership identity domains. Moreover, microaggressions were positively associated with social identity but negatively associated with academic identity and well-being. Also, social identity and leadership identity were positively associated with identity integration. Furthermore, identity integration and mentorship were both positively associated with well-being. These findings demonstrate the relationship between social, academic, and leadership identity domains, and highlight the critical role that microaggressions and mentorship may play in the development of college student identity. Implications for an increased focus on mentorship programs, campus climates, and clinical interventions to promote the identity development of minority status students are discussed.
Immunological aspects of the pathophysiology of periodontitis

Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues leading to alveolar bone loss and tooth exfoliation. In this condition, there is an increased influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into the oral cavity. Oral PMNs showed to have antimicrobial capacities by their ability to internalize microbes (phagocytosis) and the hyper(re)active neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. In the blood circulation, NET accumulation (e.g. caused by reduced NET degradation) may negatively affect various chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease. Interestingly, we observed that non-surgical periodontal therapy partly restored the reduced NET degradation and this was maintained for 3, 6, and 12 months. The chronic immune cell infiltration of the inflamed periodontal soft tissues in periodontitis is accompanied by osteoclast-induced alveolar bone resorption, the hallmark of periodontitis progression. Despite the fact that PMNs are abundantly present in inflamed tissues, neither oral PMNs nor circulatory PMNs contributed to osteoclast formation, while gingival fibroblasts have osteoclastogenic capacities. These gingival fibroblasts also contribute to both the temporization and clearance of gingival inflammation by supporting the long-term survival and even proliferation of leukocytes (T, B, NK cells and monocytes) which are present in these inflamed periodontitis lesions. Notably, the T-cell proliferation was also shown to be stimulated via persistently present Toll-like Receptor agonists. Thus, the gingival fibroblasts are suggested to maintain and possibly worsening the periodontal inflammation, which may explain the chronicity of periodontitis.
Latitudinal variation in the woody species diversity of Afzelia africana Sm . habitats in West Africa

This study assessed the woody flora composition of Afzelia africana Sm. habitats along a latitudinal gradient, from the northern limit of the species distribution to the Guinean littoral forest. Data were collected from 201 sample units located in different vegetation types that span four bioclimatic zones: Guinean, Sudano-Guinean, Sudanian and Sahelo-Sudanian zones. The woody flora diversity was described by computing the estimated species richness and the Shannon diversity index within EstimateS 9.1, based on the observed species richness. A sample-based randomization procedure with 95 % confidence intervals was used to compare the patterns of plant richness between vegetation stands. A Non Metric Multidimensional Scaling was performed on presence-absence data matrix to explore the patterns of woody species composition in natural stands. A Canonical Correspondence Analysis was further applied to correlate the patterns of habitat differentiation with climatic variables (temperature, precipitation) and altitude. A total of 165 woody species were recorded, with the highest species richness in SaheloSudanian zone. There was no significant difference in richness between samples from Guinean, Sudano-Guinean and Sudanian zones. Plots in the Sudanian and Sudano-Guinean zones were similar but distinct from those of Guinean and Sahelo-Sudanian zones, a pattern that is supported by precipitation and temperature distributions. Results also suggest important cooccurring species characteristic of each habitat as inferred from the Important Value Index (IVI). It is recommended that habitats of A. africana in Sudanian and Sudano-Guinean zones receive similar management and conservation plans while the Guinean and the SaheloSudanian zones can be treated separately.
PROPOFOL-KETAMINE COMBINATION HAS FAVORABLE IMPACT ON ORIENTATION TIMES AND PAIN SCORES COMPARED TO PROPOFOL IN DILATATION AND CURETTAGE . A RANDOMIZED TRIAL

Background and aim: Dilatation and curettage (D&C) is a common procedure that generally causes considerable pain. Propofol is a widely used agent with rapid onset of action in D&C, however it may cause cardiovascular and respiratory depression in a dose dependent manner. These untoward effects may be reduced/eliminated with addition of ketamine. In this study, we aimed to compare propofol vs. ketamine-propofol combination in respect of hemodynamics and recovery times for D&C sedation. Material and method: This prospective randomized study was performed on 152 patients who underwent D&C procedure. Patients were randomized to propofol (n:76) (P) and propofol-ketamine (n: 76) (KP) groups. The heart rate, mean systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures and peripheral oxygen saturation were recorded. Orientation time, patients’ and surgeons’ satisfaction scores were also recorded. Results: Demographic data were found similar in two groups (p>0.05 for all comparisons). There were no significant differences in heart rate, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures were not statistically significant in all time intervals among groups (p>0.05, for all comparisons). Orientation time was statistically significant increased in Group P compared to Group KP (p<0.001). Aldrete score at 5 min was statistically decreased in Group P compared to Group KP and VAS scores at 5th and 10 min were statistically increased in Group P compared to Group KP (p<0.001 for both comparison). There were no significant difference among groups in regard to satisfaction scores (p>0.05). Conclusion: Ketamine-propofol combination is associated with a shorter mean orientation time than propofol, with similar hemodynamic stability and satisfaction scores, without any important side effects in D&C procedure.
The Use of Phototherapy for Bell’s Palsy

Various methods have been used to treat Bell’s palsy, ranging from physical therapy, medications, to decompression surgery. The standard treatment is currently a prescription of corticosteroids with antiviral agents. All these medical approaches yield mixed results, and there is a need for additional investigation on treatment options. Recent studies have shown that facial palsy responds positively to phototherapy treatment, in particular the low-energy infrared laser. In the present report, we attempt to review the current clinical application of phototherapy, representing a conservative and safe medical approach in the treatment of Bell’s palsy. A literature review was performed. The results of the included studies suggested that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a significant treatment modality for patients recovering from Bell’s palsy. However, the risk of bias of the included studies was relatively high, and further research could change the estimate of effect of this treatment option. In conclusion, there is currently a moderate evidence to support the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of Bell’s palsy. Further randomized doubleblind placebo-controlled trials and high-quality studies are needed to determine with certainty the benefits of this treatment option for Bell’s palsy.
EFFECTS OF WATER DEFICIT AND APPLICATION METHOD, ON DRIP IRRIGATED PEACH SUMMARY A 2-year study was conducted to determine the effects of different drip irrigation profiles on the yield quantity and quality of mature peach trees [Prunus

or low-flow 0.5 L h -1 ), and water deficiency level (60%, 80%, 100% of ET). The results showed that yield and water use efficiency (WUE) were not affected by the irrigation profiles, while there were some reduction in the yield and improvement in WUE due to water 60% ET deficiency application. On the other hand, some of the fruit quality measures (Total sugars, and maturity index) were affected by the irrigation profile as the low-flow profiles yielded sweeter and more matured fruits. Moreover, the study involved water and salt measurements under each irrigation profile, the conventional drip rate showed more-efficient salt flushing, while the low-flow profiles showed wider lateral movement of water. The best overall treatment under average conditions was the low-flow ground drip with 80% of ET.
The Precision Time Protocol and Software Grandmaster Algorithms 2 . 1 Precision Time Protocol

In any hydrographic survey system that consists of more than one computer, one of the most difficult integration problems is to ensure that all components maintain a coherent sense of time. Since virtually all modern survey systems are of this type, timekeeping and synchronized timestamping of data as it is created is of significant concern. This paper describes a method for resolving this problem based on the IEEE 1588 Precise Time Protocol (PTP) implemented by hardware devices, layered with some custom software called the Software Grandmaster (SWGM) algorithm. This combination of hardware and software maintains a coherent sense of time between multiple ethernet-connected computers, on the order of 100 ns (rms) in the best case, of the timebase established by the local GPS-receiver clock. We illustrate the performance of this techniques in a practical survey system using a Reson 7P sonar processor connected to a Reson 7125 Multibeam Echosounder (MBES), integrated with an Applanix POS/MV 320 V4 and a conventional data capture computer. Using the timing capabilities of the PTP hardware implementations, we show that the timepieces achieve mean (hardware based) synchronization and timestamping within 100-150 ns (rms), and that the data created at the Reson 7P without hardware timestamps has a latency variability of 28 μs (rms) due to software constraints within the capture system. This compares to 288 μs (rms) using Reson’s standard hybrid hardware/software solution, and 13.6 ms (rms) using a conventional single-oscillator timestamping model.
Staggered Contracts Models of Business Cycle : How Much Nominal Rigidity Do We Have ?

This paper presents a monetary business cycle model embodying arbitrary degrees of nominal rigidities in goods and labor markets. Nominal rigidities are introduced in the form of staggered contracts. The structural parameters of the model go through formal reconciliation with data series via maximum likelihood estimation. The estimation results stand in favor of wage stickiness, in the sense that i) average duration of contracts is longer in labor market; and ii) nominal wage rigidities are crucial for the model’s performance in fitting actual U.S. data.
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF OPEN REDUCTION AND INTERNAL FIXATION OF SEGMENTAL ( BIFOCAL ) FOREARM FRACTURES

Article submitted on: 17 April 2018 Article Accepted on: 19 April 2018 Abstract: BackgroundSegmental fractures of the forearm bones are rare and occasionally seen by trauma surgeons. These are often seen in high velocity injuries, and hence are accompanied by high degree of comminution and compounding of fracture fragments. Proper preoperative planning is required for optimal restoration of forearm function . Although Segmental fractures of forearm bones have been classified by AO group, it does not provide a treatment algorithm . Aim of our study is to analyze the functional outcome of segmental forearm fractures treated by various modalities, and to classify these fractures based on management modalities. Materials and methodsBetween January 2009 to December 2015 19 patients with segmental forearm fractures who underwent operative management were included. Patients less than 18 years and group III-b and group III -c open fractures (Gustilo and Anderson) were excluded . For the study purpose the segmental fractures of (radius or ulna) were classified in to five groups and operative procedure was defined for each group based on fracture location and pattern. Results A total of 19 patients were included in the study. 16 were male and 3 female patients. According to the Grace and Eversmann rating system 9 patients (47%) had an excellent result, 7 patients (36%) had good result, and 3 patients (15%) had acceptable result. ConclusionsAlthough segmental fracture pattern can be classified by
Extraction Socket Preservation Using Growth Factors and Stem Cells: a Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the reported literature on the use of stem cells or growth factors for post extraction treatment of the alveolar bone. Material and Methods A NCBI PubMed and PubMed Central databases search was conducted between September 2010 and August 2018, to identify animal or clinical studies reporting the clinical, radiographical and/or histological outcomes of socket preservation techniques after applying mesenchymal stem cells or growth factors. Only studies published in English language in the last 10 years were included in the study. Results Eleven studies were identified fulfilling the inclusion criteria. They evaluate a total of 386 post extraction sockets. The main tested materials identified in the current review were bone morphogenetic protein-2 - 3 studies and mesenchymal stem cells - 3 studies. Other comparators were bone morphogenetic protein-9, platelet-derived growth factor-BB homodimers and bone marrow. Overall evaluation indicate positive results for all test groups showing differences in final socket width between 0.64 and 1.28 mm favouring the test groups. Histologically, no particular differences are detected between test and control groups. Most of the studies present low risk of bias. Conclusions In general, the use of mesenchymal stem cells or bioactive osteogenic molecules favours bone regeneration after tooth extraction, as evaluated clinically, radiographically and histologically. However, specific differences that support particular recommendations are still unclear in light of the current published evidence. Future studies should include the standardization of the mesenchymal stem cells selection and purification as well as dosage and delivery methods of bioactive molecules.
TYPOLOGY OF THE SYLLABLE-INITIAL CONSONANTS IN THE CHINESE DIALECTS

This paper presents the typological facts about the syllable-initial consonants in the 70 Chinese dialects of the 11 dialect groups, Mandarin, Jin, Wu, Xiang, Hui, Gan, Min, Yue, Kejia, Pinghua, and Tuhua. There are 52 consonant types, including 13 plosives, 16 fricatives, 11 affricates, 6 nasals, and 6 approximants. The most frequent consonants, found in 60 or more dialects are [p](67), [t](70), [k](70), [ph](69), [th](69), [kh](69), [f](60), [s](68), [ts](70), [tsh](69), [m](70), [ŋ](60), [j](70), and [l](69). The number of consonants in an inventory varies from 16 to 32. Smaller inventories (18 to 24) are favoured, and 20 is most common. The average proportion of the obstruents to sonorants across the 70 consonant inventories is 70.3% to 29.7%, which is nearly the same as what Lindblom and Maddieson [1] predicts for languages. The ‘modal consonant inventory’ of the Chinese dialects is smaller in size than that of the UPSID languages (Maddieson [2]).
Breeding and Territorial Behaviour of Indian Black Robin (Copsychus fulicata leucoptera) in Mihintale, Sri Lanka

Indian Black Robin (Copsychus fulicata leucoptera) ( Lesson, 1840) is one of the territorial birds often found in all climatic zones in Sri Lanka. Territory size of this birds species is vary according to the breeding season and habitats that they occupy. The present study was carried out to understand the breeding ecology and territorial behavior of Indian Black robin both in breeding and non-breeding periods. The study was carried out at the Mihintale sanctuary and the Faculty premises of Rajarata university of Sri Lanka. Eleven breeding pairs of Black robins were observed to collect using scan and focal animal sampling methods from 2014 to 2017. Territory mapping was done using ArcGIS 10.3 and % behavioral act was calculated using Microsoft excel. Two breeding seasons were identified during March to September. The average nest building period was13.25±0.96 days. Total of 10 nests were recorded, seven were successful nests but chicks were observed from only three of them while in other four of them were damaged due to several reasons. Three nests were abandon by the female bird with eggs which may considered as pseudo nests. The eggs were whitish in colour with small brownish blotches. The clutch size ranged from 2-4. The average incubation period was 11± 3.4 days. The identified foraging sites are nearby roads, human settlements and live foliage. Fifteen territories were recorded during the study period in the open land areas, sparse grasslands or scrublands. The territory sizes of non-breeding season ranged from 617 to 5504 m2 while territories of breeding season ranged from 1335 to 8736 m2.
A study of factors which influence mould spoilage in flat ( sourdough ) bread

Bakery products are an excellent substrate for the development of microbial spoilage, especially mould spoilage and lime disease (otherwise known as chalk disease), because they have high levels of water activity aw = 0.94–0.97 and pH 5.5–6.0. Sliced bread in its packaging is highly susceptible to moulds and lime disease during storage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects shown by the microbial contamination of flour quality, and the type of sourdough and organic acid, especially acetic acid, on mould spoilage in wheat and rye wheat bread. Microbial contaminations were studied in two batches of wheat flour and three batches of rye flour which had been manufactured in Belarus and Russia and in sourdough bread which had been produced using this flour. Investigated here was the impact of the quality and type of sourdough with various starter cultures of micro-organisms and the impact of the content of organic acid, especially acetic acid, on mould spoilage in wheat and rye wheat bread. The content of organic acids, including acetic acid, in different types of sourdough which has been prepared using different starter cultures and in different kinds of sourdough bread which have been studied using liquid chromatography. It was found that, in spite of the presence in flour of spore-forming bacteria, yeasts, and fungi, microbial contamination of the finished product immediately after baking was absent. It was proven that the use of starter cultures and sourdough can slow down or prevent entirely the microbial spoilage of bread. It was found that the content of acetic acid which had been accumulated during the fermentation of various types of sourdough served to effect the presence of mould spoilage on sourdough bread.
Mediating Effect of Employee Performance on the Influences of Job Embeddedness , Self-efficacy , and Organizational Commitment on the Public Organizational Performance

The purpose of this is to examine the mediated effect of employee performance on the influences of job embeddedness, self-efficacy, and organizational commitment on public organizational of the District Education Office of Aceh Besar, Indonesia. All 207 staff of the office were taken as sample of the study using the census sampling technique. Data was gathered by distributing questionnaires to the respondents and then analyzed using the structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. The study found that job embeddedness, selfefficacy, organizational commitment affected significantly both employee performance and organizational performance. Additionally, the employee performance was found to significantly and partially mediate the effects of job embeddedness, self-efficacy, and organizational commitment on organizational performance. These findings implied that any efforts to promote the employee performance should be focused on improving the job embeddedness, self-efficacy, and organizational commitment of the employees.
Incorporation of Peace Education in Existing Secondary Level Curriculum and Teachers’ Practice

Peace education is a new discipline which is being introduced in the existing curriculum in the world. Peace education is mandatory for reducing violence and developing positive thinking. The major aim of this study was to examine the need of peace education and to investigate the perception of teachers for incorporating peace education in existing curriculum at Secondary level. The study was descriptive in nature. All the secondary school teachers (753) of district Attock were included in population of the study. Of these, 255 teachers were taken as a sample through a random sampling technique. The researcher employed a validated questionnaire for collecting data. The major findings showed that the teachers favored the inclusion of peace education as a compulsory subject at secondary level.