Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UNDERSTANDING THE PERFORMANCE OF DEEP MIXED COLUMN IMPROVED SOILS - A REVIEW

The essence of ground improvement is to enhance the engineering properties of weak soils to provide stability and sufficient bearing capacity for construction and other engineering purposes. Deep soil mixing is one method that has been widely employed for this purpose due to the environmental nature and efficiency of this method. In deep soil mixing, the amount of binder to be mixed with the weak soil depends on the initial moisture content of the surrounding soil. Several researchers have reported on this method of soil improvement through laboratory experiments, in situ testing and numerical modelling. Most literatures reviewed in this study have shown that previous studies by different researchers on weak soil improvement using deep mixing techniques have focused on the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, stiffness, modulus of elasticity and consolidation behaviour of the improved ground. For example, Ali et al., (2012), Lin
Nutrient dynamics of the southern and northern BOREAS boreal forests

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare nutrient concentration, distribution, and select components of nutrient budgets for aspen (Populus tremuloides), jack pine (Pinus banksiana), and black spruce (Picea mariana) forest ecosystems at the BOReal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study (BOREAS), southern and northern study areas near Candle Lake, Saskatchewan and Thompson, Manitoba, Canada, respectively. The vegetation (excluding fine roots and understory) in the aspen, black spruce, and jack pine stands contained 70-79%, 53-54%, and 58-67% of total ecosystem carbon content, respectively. Soil (forest floor and mineral soil) nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) content comprised over 90% of the total ecosystem nutrient content, except for Ca and Mg content of the southern black spruce stand and Ca content of the southern aspen stand which were less than 90%. Annual litterfall N content was significantly greater (p < 0.05) for trembling aspen (30-41 kg N ha-1 yr-1) than for jack pine (5-10 kg N ha-1 yr-1) or black spruce (6-7 kg N ha-1 yr-1), and was generally greater, but not significantly, for the southern than for the northern study area. Aboveground net primary production was positively correlated (R2 = 0.91) to annual litterfall N content for the BOREAS forests, and for all boreal forests (R2 = 0.57). Annual aboveground nutrient (N, Ca, Mg, and K) requirements (sum of the annual increment of nutrient in foliage, branches, and stems) were significantly greater (p < 0.05) for trembling aspen than for jack pine or black spruce forests. Annual aboveground N requirements ranged from 37-53, 6-14, and 6-7 kg N ha-1 yr-1 for trembling aspen, jack pine, and black spruce forests, respectively. The greater nutrient requirements of deciduous than evergreen boreal forests was explained by a greater annual production of biomass and lower use efficiency of nutrients. Nutrient cycling characteristics of boreal forests were influenced by climate and forest type, with the latter having a greater influence on litterfall N, annual nutrient requirements, nutrient mean residence time, and nutrient distribution.
Presence and Levels of Anti-GM3 Antibodies and GM3 Ganglioside Moleculesin Probes from Experimental Cellular in Vitro-Models

Background: The current study was directed to determine the values of both GM3 ganglioside and specific anti-GM3 antibodies in in vitro-incubated normal cells, malignant cell and mixed cultures of co-cultivated cells from both types as well. So a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms, underlining differences between various cellular types and changes during the process of cell differentiation was necessary. Methods: Total lysates from cultivated normal cells from mouse embryos, mouse malignant myeloma line and mixed of both were prepared and passed through GSHAgarose Columns. Molecules with affinity to the reduced form of Glutathione (GSH) were separated. The levels of ganglioside GM3 and of specific antibodies to it were assessed by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: In the normal cells’ lysate, supplemented with molecules, possessing affinity to GSH the lowest values were assessed. These differences could be due to contention of many non-possessing such affinity molecules in equal volume of biological material, as well as with the presence of various bonded forms of GM3. Conclusions: The data obtained confirm literature data about the increased levels of GM3 as a marker for malignancy. We propose derivation of lymphoid-like cells from the embryonic progenitors. Another hypothesis could be the production of immunoglobulins (IgG antibodies) from non-lymphoid cells in appropriate conditions.
A brief discussion on energy use and greenhouse gas emmision in organic farming

Organic farming has become increasingly popular in the world. This is mostly attributed to escalating consumer concerns over the impacts of pesticides and chemical fertilizers on human health as well as growing concerns over environmental pollution derived from modern agricultural practices, such as rising greenhouse gas emissions and water contaminations. But does organic farming actually displace the environmental impacts commonly associated with conventional agriculture? In this article, we analysed the recent results of environmental impacts from organic farming. The aim was to fill the gap in assessing organic farming’s relationship to climate change and evaluating sustainability of this system with a minimal energy and environmental damage over time. Despite the efforts of recent years, there is still considerable room for the environmental optimisation of organic farming systems. The lower, similar or higher impacts of organic farming, depended on crop types, site effects and differences in management intensity. The conclusions here are exploratory and act as a call to action to natural scientists to further explore how organic farming functions. Feeding the growing world population under conditions of restricted land for agricultural cultivation, restricted natural resources and changing climate demands new and innovative solutions. These solutions require the agricultural community, to address agricultural systems from a perspective of increasing the productivity per area with lower external inputs and enhancing resource use efficiency without negative effects on crop yield and system sustainability.
Overdensities of SMGs around WISE-selected, ultraluminous, high-redshift AGNs

We investigate extremely luminous dusty galaxies in the environments around Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)-selected hot dust-obscured galaxies (Hot DOGs) and WISE/radio-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at average redshifts of z = 2.7 and 1.7, respectively. Previous observations have detected overdensities of companion submillimetre-selected sources around 10 Hot DOGs and 30 WISE/radio AGNs, with overdensities of similar to 2-3 and similar to 5-6, respectively. We find that the space densities in both samples to be overdense compared to normal star-forming galaxies and submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) in the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2) Cosmology Legacy Survey (S2CLS). Both samples of companion sources have consistent mid-infrared (mid-IR) colours and mid-IR to submm ratios as SMGs. The brighter population around WISE/radio AGNs could be responsible for the higher overdensity reported. We also find that the star formation rate densities are higher than the field, but consistent with clusters of dusty galaxies. WISE-selected AGNs appear to be good signposts for protoclusters at high redshift on arcmin scales. The results reported here provide an upper limit to the strength of angular clustering using the two-point correlation function. Monte Carlo simulations show no angular correlation, which could indicate protoclusters on scales larger than the SCUBA-2 1.5-arcmin scale maps.
On Form , Mind and Matter ( with special reference to ‘ Crystal Souls ’ by Ernst Haeckel , translated by

The search for the origin of life and the traditional mind-matter dichotomy have many points of contact, but none is more appealing than the study of ‘form’ and symmetry. But what has ‘form’, ‘shape’ or ‘pattern’ got to do with ‘mind and matter’ or ‘dead or alive’? These questions come into the centre of attention when we are confronted with Ernst Haeckel’s drawings and his strangely coined expressions about a continuity from ‘Crystallotics’, Probiontics’ and ‘Radiotics’ up to a science of ‘Psychomatics’ (HAECKEL, 1917). One is immediately led to Spinoza’s ‘panpsychism’, where all matter carries a nonphysical or mental property. Recent chapters of neuroscience and neurophilosophy have revitalized the dispute between various shades of materialism (e.g. physicalism, neuralism, computationalism) on one hand and ‘phenomenalism’ on the other (e.g. neutral monism of RUSSEL (1954), naturalistic dualism of CHALMERS (1995), monistic idealism of GOSWAMI (1993)). The search for a scientific explanation of consciousness has encouraged this development, strangely provocating the highlights of materialism towards the end of a century dominated by materialistic science and war. The effort of Alan L. Mackay to provide an English translation of Haeckel’s strangest book on ‘Crystal Souls’ (HAECKEL, 1917) should be seen within this exciting landscape. Today, this science landscape is really exposed to two opposing directions. Within biology, the more conspicuous side, loudly calling out it’s spectacular results, is represented by mechanistic, molecular biology. The other, more modest side, involves holistic concepts and has strongly benefited from advances in systems and computational science. Therein, some landmarks have been established by St. Kauffman’ s concept of self-organisation and complexitiy (KAUFFMAN, 1995) and the development of holistic, neuro-electrical field theories (KOEHLER, 1958; LASHLEY et al., 1951; PRIBRAM, 1995; LIBET, 1994). Even more fundamental, David Bohm’s and Basil J. Hiley’s interpretation of quantum physics within the theory of ‘implicate order’ marks a pleasing alternative to Cartesian concepts (BOHM and HILEY, 1993). These reflections of the traditional dichotomy between ‘factual truth’ pronounced by materialistic concepts and ‘conceptual truth’, closer within the concern of holistic concepts,
The Structure of Migration in Estonia: Survey-Based Evidence

This paper presents new evidence from a unique survey of firm managers on migration patterns in Estonia in 2007. An average emigrant from Estonia was most likely a young person between 15-34 years of age, a blue-collar worker and male. Contrary to evidence from other countries and/or earlier time periods, employees with a low level of education were more likely to emigrate than highly educated workers. We assessed which enterprises were more exposed to the crossborder movement of workers. The vast majority (97%) of emigrants left from private sector enterprises. Most immigrant workers were employed by private sector companies as well. Firms hiring a larger share of low-skilled blue-collar workers were more exposed to the mobility of international labour. The regression results indicated that the tendency to emigrate was the strongest among construction sector employees, whereas immigrant workers were most likely hired by manufacturing companies
ChaPtEr 12 Framing Perfect Victims : the February 2015 Copenhagen Shootings in Danish Newspapers

In this chapter, I examine Danish newspapers’ constructions of ideal victims, using compassion and morality as vehicles for involving readers in dealing with a terror attack on Danish soil. I argue that this is done through personalization, and a strong focus on the identities of the deceased, as well as through the voices of journalists and politicians who express compassion. The analysis shows how the identities of the two victims from the February 2015 Copenhagen shootings are constructed within several, sometimes conflicting, media frames. The two victims undergo a reconstruction over time. Different Danish newspapers position themselves through specific framing of the two deceased, who were not known to the public before they died, but became high profile victims post mortem. I argue that the framings of the two are similar in the sense that they both draw on conventional depictions of victims. However, differences emerge when the representations of the victims are influenced by a ten year old Danish cartoon controversy. This controversy is believed by some to provoke potential terrorists to carry out terror attacks in Denmark.
Centres of plant endemism in China: places for survival or for speciation?

Aim This study aimed to identify the ‘centres of endemism’ of the Chinese spermatophyte flora in order to indirectly detect the locations of past glacial refugia. The role of these areas as places for plant survival (‘plant museums’) and/or areas for plant evolution and speciation (‘plant cradles’) was also assessed.
An Improved Framework for Predicting Socially Responsible Consumption Behavior: The Development of a Processual Approach

This paper reviews the literature on Socially-Responsible Consumption Behavior (SRCB) measurement and develops a framework of SRCB, based on the Model of Goal-Directed Behavior (MGB). First, this theoretical paper provides a conceptualization of SRCB. Second, it discusses the measurement scales developed so far for measuring SRCB. Third, it provides an MGB-based integrative framework of SRCB aimed at narrowing the attitude-behavior and intention-behavior gaps, frequently encountered in the literature. The analysis highlights the bi-dimensional structure – social and environmental concern – of SRCB and acknowledges its modular and evolutionary nature, contingent on the contexts in which it is intended to be measured. It therefore offers tremendous research opportunities for academic researchers and useful guidelines for marketers aiming at the exploration of consumers’ SRCB.
The Concurrent Development of Spelling Skills in Two Languages.

The study reported on in this paper investigated the concurrent development of spelling in children learning two languages. The study compared over time and between languages the types of spelling errors made in English as a first language and French as a second. Fortyseven grade one English-speaking children completed an English and French spelling task in October and May of the school year. The study relied on a repeated measures design using 2tailed paired sample t-tests at the beginning and end of the school year. Results revealed students made more basic spelling errors at the beginning of the year and more complex spelling errors at the end of the year in both French and English. Despite the lack of direct instruction in English, students’ English spelling skills developed over the course of the year suggesting that transfer of skills was occurring between languages.
A key to quieter seas: half of ship noise comes from 15% of the fleet

AbstractUnderwater noise pollution from ships is a chronic, global stressor impacting a wide range of marine species. Ambient ocean noise levels nearly doubled each decade from 1963-2007 in low-frequency bands attributed to shipping, inspiring a pledge from the International Maritime Organization to reduce ship noise and a call from the International Whaling Commission for member nations to halve ship noise within a decade. Our analysis of data from 1,582 ships reveals that half of the total power radiated by a modern fleet comes from just 15% of the ships, namely those with source levels above 179 dB re 1 μPa @ 1 m. We present a range of management options for reducing ship noise efficiently, including incentive-based programs, without necessarily regulating the entire fleet.
Globalization and Progressive Economic Policy: Multinational corporations in the neo-liberal regime

The left's concern with globalization is, of course, nothing new. Marx wondered whether the process of globalization would crush incipient revolution in his “small comer of the planet. ” And today, we ponder whether the recent acceleration of globalization will crush all national prospects for egalitarian and sustainable development. Yet, despite a good deal of hand wringing, discussion, and research, we are still quite far from understanding the implications of this much-discussed phenomenon for the lives of people, communities, and nations around the globe.
Pre managed earnings benchmarks and earnings management of Australian firms

This study investigates benchmark beating behaviour and circumstances under which managers inflate earnings to beat earnings benchmarks. We show that two benchmarks, positive earnings and positive earnings change, are associated with earnings manipulation. Using a sample of Australian firms from 2000 to 2006, we find that when the underlying earnings are negative or below prior year’s earnings, firms are more likely to use discretionary accruals to inflate earnings to beat benchmarks.
Evaluation of the severity of liver cirrhosis using b values based magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging of liver lobe

This study aimed to investigate the correlation of magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging of liver lobe and Child-Pugh classification in Chinese patients with liver cirrhosis. 72 liver cirrhosis patients and 23 healthy volunteers were enrolled, and patients were divided into class A, B, C according to Child- Pugh classification. All subjects received diffusion weighted imaging with b values set as 0, 400, 600 and 800 s/mm2. The correlation between ADC values of different lobes and Child-Pugh classification was analyzed. ADC values were significantly lower in patients with liver cirrhosis than in healthy controls. Moreover, ADC value was negatively correlated with Child-Pugh classification. At b value of 400 s/mm2 ADC value of left liver lobe was the best indicator to distinguish normal liver from liver cirrhosis and the area under the ROC curve was 0.914. At b value of 600 s/mm2 ADC value of right liver lobe was the best indicator to distinguish class A from class B-C of liver cirrhosis and the area under the ROC curve was 0.834. ADC value of right liver lobe was also the best indicator to distinguish class A-B from class C of liver cirrhosis and the area under the ROC curve was 0.884. These data indicate that ADC value of liver lobe is correlated with liver cirrhosis severity determined by Child-Pugh classification and is a new noninvasive indicator of the severity of liver cirrhosis.
The Relationships among Emotional Demand, Job Demand, Emotional Exhaustion and Turnover Intention

The objectives of this paper are to assess the levels of job demand, emotional demand, emotional exhaustion and employee turnover intention and to examine the relationships among these concepts in the context of three selected apparel manufacturing firms in Eastern region of Sri Lanka. Employee absenteeism and turnover are key issues of apparel firms in Sri Lanka. In order to achieve the objectives of this paper, a questionnaire based survey was conducted among 153 employees of apparel firms and collected data were analyzed by using univariate and bivariate techniques. The findings of this paper revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between emotional demand and emotional exhaustion, emotional demand and turnover intention, job demand and turnover intention, and emotional exhaustion and turnover intention. At the same time, there is a moderate positive relationship between job demand and emotional exhaustion. The findings of the study have various managerial implications for the apparel manufacturing firms to prevent or control employee stress, absenteeism and turnover related issues and to develop good labour-management relationship.
Trends in National Forest Values among Forestry Professionals, Environmentalists, and the News Media, 1982-1993

This study empirically analyzes the evolution of national forest values in recent years. Four broad categories of forest values are distinguished: economic/utilitarian, life support, aesthetic, and moral/spiritual. A computerized content analysis procedure was developed to identify expressions of these four forest values related to the national forests. With this procedure, changes in the forest value systems of three groups— forestry professionals, mainstream environmentalists, and the general public—were tracked over time. Forest value systems were found to have shifted over the study period, and significant differences were found between the forest value systems of the three groups. Implications of this study for ecosystem management are discussed.
Practitioners' Tools in Analysing Financial Markets Evolution

In a chaotic and confusing place as world of investing is, the practitioners, who operate on markets every day, have continuously searched to forecast properly the market movements. More minded to financial speculations, practitioners analyse financial markets looking for potential weaknesses of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, and most of the times their methods are criticised by academics. This article intends to present the traditional tools used by traders and brokers in analysing financial markets, emphasizing on critical opinions and scientific works published on this argument by now.
A Kenyan Cloud School. Massive Open Online & Ongoing Courses for Blended and Lifelong Learning

This research describes the predicted outcomes of a Kenyan Cloud School (KCS), which is a MOOC that contains all courses taught at the secondary school level in Kenya. This MOOC will consist of online, ongoing subjects in both English and Kiswahili. The KCS subjects offer self-testing and peer assessment to maximize scalability, and digital badges to show progress and completion to recognize and validate non-formal learning. The KCS uses the Moodle LMS with responsive web design to increase ubiquitous access from any device. Access is free and open, and the KCS intends to be a contextualized open educational resource for formal secondary institutions to support blended learning and a free source of non-formal education for lifelong learning. The expected outcomes are that this effort will reduce secondary school dropout rates, improve test scores, become a quality resource for blended learning, as well as validate and recognize lifelong learning in Kenya.
Numerical simulation of inducing characteristics of high energy electron beam plasma for aerodynamics applications

The problem of flow active control by low temperature plasma is considered to be one of the most flourishing fields of aerodynamics due to its practical advantages. Compared with other means, the electron beam plasma is a potential flow control method for large scale flow. In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics model coupled with a multi-fluid plasma model is established to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics induced by electron beam plasma. The results demonstrate that the electron beam strongly influences the flow properties, not only in the boundary layers, but also in the main flow. A weak shockwave is induced at the electron beam injection position and develops to the other side of the wind tunnel behind the beam. It brings additional energy into air, and the inducing characteristics are closely related to the beam power and increase nonlinearly with it. The injection angles also influence the flow properties to some extent. Based on this research, we demonstrate that the high energy electron beam air plasma has three attractive advantages in aerodynamic applications, i.e. the high energy density, wide action range and excellent action effect. Due to the rapid development of near space hypersonic vehicles and atmospheric fighters, by optimizing the parameters, the electron beam can be used as an alternative means in aerodynamic steering in these applications.