Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of a subsequent pregnancy on grief and emotional adjustment following a perinatal loss

Cette etude examine l'impact d'une grossesse subsequente sur l'ajustement emotionnel associe a une perte perinatale ayant precede et sur les composants suivants de deuil parental-deuil actif, difficulte a faire face, desespoir. Les participants comprenaient 25 femmes et 24 partenaires qui attendaient un bebe pour la premiere fois depuis la perte et femmes et 18 partenaires qui n'attendaient pas d'enfant et qui n'avaient pas eu d'enfant ni de grossesse apres leur perte. La symptomatologie depressive, l'anxiete, l'ajustement conjugal, ainsi que le deuil actif, le desespoir et la difficulte a faire face ont ete measures. Les meres qui n'etaient pas enceintes avaient des niveaux de desespoir bien plus eleves et bien plus de difficulte a faire face que les meres enceintes, independamment de l'effet du temps ecoule depuis la perte. Pour les peres, aucun effet de groupe significatif de detresse emotionnelle ou d'intensite de deuil n'a ete trouve. Les femmes ont fait etat de niveaux plus eleves d'affectivite negative que les hommes. Une nouvelle grossesse peut etre associee a un effet benefique sur le processus de deuil des femmes ayant subi une perte perinatale, essentiellement en reduisant leur desespoir et leur difficulte a faire face. Cependant, dans notre echantillon, l'intensite du deuil demeurait haute, suggerant que le processus de deuil pourrait ne pas etre gene par une grossesse subsequente.
Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide‐like family genes activation and regulation during tumorigenesis

Cancer is currently viewed as a disease of evolving genomic instability and abnormal epigenomic modifications. Most solid cancers harbor oncogenic gene mutations driven by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide‐like family (APOBEC) enzymes have an intrinsic deamination activity to convert cytosine to uracil during RNA editing and retrovirus or retrotransposon restriction. Beyond their natural defense in innate immunity, compelling evidence showed that a subclass of APOBEC3 can cause high mutation burden in various types of cancer genomes, and high expression subtypes of APOBEC3 may contribute to drug resistance and associate with clinical outcomes. The underlying molecular mechanisms of APOBEC‐mediated hypermutation phenotype are poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the linkage of activation‐induced deaminase (AID)/APOBEC3 enzymes to tumorigenesis, highlight the dysregulatory mechanisms of APOBEC3 activities during cancer development, and propose potential approaches to targeting APOBEC3‐mediated mutagenesis for cancer interventions.
How arteriovenous grafts could help to optimize vascular access management

A one‐size‐fits‐all approach to vascular access for dialysis may be prejudicial. Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) have high primary failure, failure to mature rate, and late‐stage complications making them unsuitable choice for many patients. Aging of population with chronic kidney disease (CKD) coupled with venous injury during CKD stages depletes suitable superficial veins for AVF creation. The National Institutes of Health consortium demonstrated the difficulty in attaining a functional AVF in hemodialysis patients. Recognition of flaws in AVF and the quest to reduce catheter use bring to the fore the benefits of arteriovenous grafts (AVG). Advances in catheter technologies, flow, care, and antibiotic locks have resulted in significant improvement in catheter‐related infections. However, widespread recognition of catheter‐related complications like central vein stenosis, metastatic infections, and exhaustion of venous access sites preclude their being a viable alternative to AVF, furthering the need to explore AVG as a substitute. Placement of “early cannulation” AVG is a catheter sparing option in patients who are likely to have inadequate fistula maturation. Advances in biohybrid technology and tissue‐engineered grafts are providing a robust opportunity to develop biocompatible graft materials with minimal tissue reactivity and thrombogenicity. Xenografts (bovine carotid artery grafts) are proving to be comparable and, in many cases, better than conventional polytetrafluoroethylene material. Older age, dialysis dependence, and smaller vein size are related to the appropriateness of AVG creation. An individualized approach in selecting optimal upper extremity vascular access option using patient‐specific factors while incorporating the benefits of an AVG would greatly aid in achieving low catheter usage in the dialysis population.
The chordoid larva of Symbion pandora (Cycliophora) is a modified trochophore

Developmental and free‐living stages of the chordoid larva of the cycliophoran species, Symbion pandora Funch and Kristensen 1995, were studied using light and electron microscopy. In the free‐living stage of the larva, about 200 μm long, four ciliated areas are found: two anterior bands, a ventral ciliated field, and a posterior unit on the ventral side of the foot. The nervous system consists of a dorsal brain and a pair of ventral longitudinal nerves. A gut is absent. A pair of protonephridia, each with a single multiciliated terminal cell and at least one duct cell, is present. Nephridiopores are not localized. A pair of corsal ciliated organs is posterior to the brain. The homology between these and the apical organ of a trochophore larva is discussed. A distinctive longitudinal rod, the chordoid organ, consists of vacuolized cells with circular myofilaments. The organ is comparable to a similar structure in gastrotrichs. In the discussion of the phylogenetic position of Cycliophora among protostomians, important morphological observations that are described in the present study indicate that, despite some dissimilarities, the chordoid larva is a modified trochophore. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Force-velocity relationship during isometric and isotonic fatiguing contractions.

Fatiguing contractions change the force-velocity relationship, but assessment of this relationship in fatigue has usually been obtained after isometric contractions. We studied fatigue caused by isometric or isotonic contractions, by assessment of the force-velocity relationship while the contractions maintaining fatigue were continued. This approach allowed determination of the force-velocity relationship during a steady condition of fatigue. We used the in situ rat medial gastrocnemius muscle, a physiologically relevant preparation. Intermittent (1/s) stimulation at 170 Hz for 100 ms resulted in decreased isometric force to ~35% of initial or decreased peak velocity of shortening in dynamic contractions to ~45% of initial. Dynamic contractions resulted in a transient initial increase in velocity, followed by a rapid decline until a reasonably steady level was maintained. Data were fit to the classic Hill equation for determination of the force-velocity relationship. Isometric and dynamic contractions resulted in similar decreases in maximal isometric force and peak power. Only Vmax was different between the types of contraction ( P < 0.005) with greater decrease in Vmax during isotonic contractions to 171.7 ± 7.3 mm/s than during isometric contractions to 208.8 mm/s. Curvature indicated by a/Po (constants from fit to Hill equation) changed from 0.45 ± 0.04 to 0.71 ± 0.11 during isometric contractions and from 0.51 ± 0.04 to 0.85 ± 0.18 during isotonic contractions. Recovery was incomplete 45 min after stopping the intermittent contractions. At this time, recovery of low-frequency isometric force was substantially less after isometric contractions, implicating force during intermittent contractions as a determining factor with this measure of fatigue. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The force-velocity relationship was captured while fatigue was maintained at a constant level during isometric and dynamic contractions. The curvature of the force-velocity relationship was less curved during fatigue than prefatigued, but within 45 min this recovered. Low-frequency fatigue persisted with greater depression of low-frequency force after isometric contractions, possibly because of higher force contractions during intermittent contractions.
Are Women Really Better Physicians Than Men Are?

www.ccnonline. org CriticalCareNurse Vol 38, No. 3, JUNE 2018 13 I recently had to say a difficult goodbye to a longstanding, dear and trusted friend who my immediate family members and I have known for nearly 4 decades. During that time, this man tended to our health care needs ranging from the negligible or annoying to lifethreatening and terminal; ordered and interpreted innumerable screening and diagnostic test results; wrote referrals to necessary specialists; investigated the history and course of each health problem; provided treatments, therapies, and starting doses of medications; offered explanations that helped us understand and participate effectively in our care; asked and answered hundreds of questions; allayed our concerns whenever possible; communicated both encouraging and crushing prognoses with compassion and concern; ran from his office to help transfer my husband into a wheelchair when his health was acutely failing; and made time in his filled schedule to examine and treat any of us when we needed his care. His letter to patients announcing his imminent retirement was filled with expressions of gratitude to those he served for 45 years. At his retirement party, as hundreds of his appreciative patients shared our sadness at his departure from our lives, we were not surprised to learn that many of us remained in his care at great financial cost, as he did not participate in their health insurance network, and that others drove long distances to remain his patients despite moving from the area. Although he is now my retired primary care provider, I will always remember him with deep appreciation as our family doctor, the embodiment of a competent, compassionate, patientand family-centered health care provider. His successor, a woman I met with briefly, seems to be an extremely personable, experienced and capable physician, though she is not him, so it will take many years before she could possibly rise to the same beloved status. We all wish her, and ourselves, well. So why am I relating this story about my primary care provider passing the torch from a male physician trusted for decades to a relatively unknown female physician? To be quite honest, I had never given any thought to the sex of my health care providers until recently, when I noted findings from a study that suggested that women make better physicians than men. Given my personal circumstances and curiosity, that seemed worthy of investigating further. I will share a brief background on the issue, provide a synopsis of the study and its findings, and offer some reflections on that assertion.
A multidimensional spatial scan statistics approach to movement pattern comparison

ABSTRACT This paper describes a multidimensional spatial scan statistics approach to comparing spatial movement patterns based on origin–destination (OD) representation. This approach aims to evaluate differences and similarities between the spatial distributions of a pair of OD movement datasets, and detect areas where the two spatial distributions differ the most. Specifically, two OD datasets being compared are modeled as a bivariate marked spatial point process in a multidimensional space, consisting of points representing individual OD movement records. Such multidimensional space is formed by the Cartesian product of the origins’ and the destinations’ geographic spaces. With this spatial data model, one can evaluate how two movement distributions differ from each other by testing against a random labeling null hypothesis. A multidimensional Bernoulli spatial scan statistics method is developed to detect OD region pairs with abnormally high concentrations of one movement dataset over the other. The existence and the spatial extents of these OD region pairs indicate whether and where the two movement distributions differ. Two case studies were conducted to evaluate the approach by comparing morning and afternoon taxi trips (individual movements), and county-to-county migration flows between age groups (aggregated movement flows), and demonstrated that areas with the most significant spatial distribution differences could be detected from large movement datasets.
An Ensemble of Condition Based Classifiers for Device Independent Detailed Human Activity Recognition Using Smartphones †

Human activity recognition is increasingly used for medical, surveillance and entertainment applications. For better monitoring, these applications require identification of detailed activity like sitting on chair/floor, brisk/slow walking, running, etc. This paper proposes a ubiquitous solution to detailed activity recognition through the use of smartphone sensors. Use of smartphones for activity recognition poses challenges such as device independence and various usage behavior in terms of where the smartphone is kept. Only a few works address one or more of these challenges. Consequently, in this paper, we present a detailed activity recognition framework for identifying both static and dynamic activities addressing the above-mentioned challenges. The framework supports cases where (i) dataset contains data from accelerometer; and the (ii) dataset contains data from both accelerometer and gyroscope sensor of smartphones. The framework forms an ensemble of the condition based classifiers to address the variance due to different hardware configuration and usage behavior in terms of where the smartphone is kept (right pants pocket, shirt pockets or right hand). The framework is implemented and tested on real data set collected from 10 users with five different device configurations. It is observed that, with our proposed approach, 94% recognition accuracy can be achieved.
HomeSpy: Inferring User Presence via Encrypted Traffic of Home Surveillance Camera

Wireless cameras are widely deployed in homes and offices for security guarding, and play as an important part of smart home devices. Those security cameras, which are supposed to provide protection services, however, may in turn leak personal privacy that can result in security issues. In this paper, we reveal that attackers are able to eavesdrop the traffic of wireless cameras and analyze whether you are at home or not without entering the house. We propose HomeSpy, an attack tool that infers the house status by inspecting the bitrate variation of the wireless camera traffic. We implement HomeSpy on the Android platform and validate it on 3 cameras. The evaluation results show that HomeSpy can achieve a successful attack rate of 97.2%.
On the Limitations of First-Order Approximation in GAN Dynamics

While Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have demonstrated promising performance on multiple vision tasks, their learning dynamics are not yet well understood, both in theory and in practice. To address this issue, we study GAN dynamics in a simple yet rich parametric model that exhibits several of the common problematic convergence behaviors such as vanishing gradients, mode collapse, and diverging or oscillatory behavior. In spite of the non-convex nature of our model, we are able to perform a rigorous theoretical analysis of its convergence behavior. Our analysis reveals an interesting dichotomy: a GAN with an optimal discriminator provably converges, while first order approximations of the discriminator steps lead to unstable GAN dynamics and mode collapse. Our result suggests that using first order discriminator steps (the de-facto standard in most existing GAN setups) might be one of the factors that makes GAN training challenging in practice.
SgxPectre: Stealing Intel Secrets from SGX Enclaves Via Speculative Execution

Speculative execution side-channel vulnerabilities in micro-architecture processors have raised concerns about the security of Intel SGX. To understand clearly the security impact of this vulnerability against SGX, this paper makes the following studies: First, to demonstrate the feasibility of the attacks, we present SgxPectre Attacks (the SGX-variants of Spectre attacks) that exploit speculative execution side-channel vulnerabilities to subvert the confidentiality of SGX enclaves. We show that when the branch prediction of the enclave code can be influenced by programs outside the enclave, the control flow of the enclave program can be temporarily altered to execute instructions that lead to observable cache-state changes. An adversary observing such changes can learn secrets inside the enclave memory or its internal registers, thus completely defeating the confidentiality guarantee offered by SGX. Second, to determine whether real-world enclave programs are impacted by the attacks, we develop techniques to automate the search of vulnerable code patterns in enclave binaries using symbolic execution. Our study suggests that nearly any enclave program could be vulnerable to SgxPectre Attacks since vulnerable code patterns are available in most SGX runtimes (e.g., Intel SGX SDK, Rust-SGX, and Graphene-SGX). Third, we apply SgxPectre Attacks to steal seal keys and attestation keys from Intel signed quoting enclaves. The seal key can be used to decrypt sealed storage outside the enclaves and forge valid sealed data; the attestation key can be used to forge attestation signatures. For these reasons, SgxPectre Attacks practically defeat SGX's security protection. Finally, we evaluate Intel's existing countermeasures against SgxPectre Attacks and discusses the security implications.
Connexins and Pannexins in Vascular Function and Disease

Connexins (Cxs) and pannexins (Panxs) are ubiquitous membrane channel forming proteins that are critically involved in many aspects of vascular physiology and pathology. The permeation of ions and small metabolites through Panx channels, Cx hemichannels and gap junction channels confers a crucial role to these proteins in intercellular communication and in maintaining tissue homeostasis. This review provides an overview of current knowledge with respect to the pathophysiological role of these channels in large arteries, the microcirculation, veins, the lymphatic system and platelet function. The essential nature of these membrane proteins in vascular homeostasis is further emphasized by the pathologies that are linked to mutations and polymorphisms in Cx and Panx genes.
Learning Graphs From Data: A Signal Representation Perspective

The construction of a meaningful graph topology plays a crucial role in the effective representation, processing, analysis, and visualization of structured data. When a natural choice of the graph is not readily available from the data sets, it is thus desirable to infer or learn a graph topology from the data. In this article, we survey solutions to the problem of graph learning, including classical viewpoints from statistics and physics, and more recent approaches that adopt a graph signal processing (GSP) perspective. We further emphasize the conceptual similarities and differences between classical and GSP-based graph-inference methods and highlight the potential advantage of the latter in a number of theoretical and practical scenarios. We conclude with several open issues and challenges that are keys to the design of future signal processing and machine-learning algorithms for learning graphs from data.
Isolation of a natural DNA virus of Drosophila melanogaster, and characterisation of host resistance and immune responses

Drosophila melanogaster has played a key role in our understanding of invertebrate immunity. However, both functional and evolutionary studies of host-virus interaction in Drosophila have been limited by a dearth of native virus isolates. In particular, despite a long history of virus research, DNA viruses of D. melanogaster have only recently been described, and none have been available for experimental study. Here we report the isolation and comprehensive characterisation of Kallithea virus, a large double-stranded DNA virus, and the first DNA virus to have been reported from wild populations of D. melanogaster. We find that Kallithea virus infection is costly for adult flies, reaching high titres in both sexes and disproportionately reducing survival in males and movement and late fecundity in females. Using the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel, we quantify host genetic variance for virus-induced mortality and viral titre and identify candidate host genes that may underlie this variation, including Cdc42-interacting protein 4. Using full transcriptome sequencing of infected males and females, we examine the transcriptional response of flies to Kallithea virus infection, and describe differential regulation of virus-responsive genes. This work establishes Kallithea virus as a new tractable model to study the natural interaction between D. melanogaster and DNA viruses, and we hope it will serve as a basis for future studies of immune responses to DNA viruses in insects. Author Summary The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a useful model species to study host-virus interaction and innate immunity. However, few natural viruses of Drosophila have been available for experiments, and no natural DNA viruses of Drosophila melanogaster have been available at all. Although infecting flies with viruses from other insects has been useful to uncover general immune mechanisms, viruses that naturally infect wild flies could help us to learn more about the coevolutionary process, and more about the genes that underlie the host-virus interaction. Here we present an isolate of a DNA virus (named Kallithea Virus) that naturally infects the model species Drosophila melanogaster in the wild. We describe the basic biology of infection by this virus, finding that both male and females flies die from infection, but females are more tolerant of infection than males, while laying lay fewer eggs than uninfected females. We quantify genetic variation for virus resistance in the flies, and we use RNA sequencing to see which genes are expressed in male and female flies in response to infection. These results will form the basis for further research to understand how insects defend themselves against infection by DNA viruses, and how DNA viruses can overcome antiviral defence.
Intratendinous ossification in birds: A review

Intratendinous ossification (tenostosis; Tendo ossificans) is a distinct structural form feature of the avian musculoskeletal system with different definitions in terms of morphogenesis, resultant morphology, and functional role(s). Interpretation of these structural elements and their pattern(s) among avian taxa at different systematic levels is reviewed with regard to age‐related changes in tendon, form features in avian phylogeny, and adaptive features in biomechanics and kinematics of locomotion. Specific examples of patterns in the musculoskeletal elements of the head and hyolingual system, axial (vertebral) system, and the limbs in several avian taxa are given. A series of questions is formulated as a prospectus for further study. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.