Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of behavioral activation treatment among depressed Spanish-speaking Latinos.

OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent among U.S. Spanish-speaking Latinos, but the lack of empirically supported treatments precludes this population's access to quality mental health care. METHOD Following the promising results of an open-label trial of the Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression (BATD) among Spanish-speaking Latinos, the authors conducted a randomized control trial (RCT; N = 46) that compared BATD to supportive counseling. Study outcomes included depression, BATD proposed mechanisms of change, and nonspecific psychotherapy factors. RESULTS Relative to supportive counseling, BATD led to greater decreases in depressive symptoms over time (p = .04) and greater MDD remission at the end of treatment (p = .01). Activity level (p = .01) and environmental reward (p = .05) showed greater increases over time among those who received BATD compared to supportive counseling. Treatment adherence, therapeutic alliance, and treatment satisfaction did not differ between the groups over time (ps > 0.17). The 1-month follow-up suggested sustained clinical gains across therapies. CONCLUSIONS The current study adds to a growing treatment literature and provides support that BATD is efficacious in reducing depression and increasing activity level and environmental reward in the largest, yet historically underserved U.S. ethnic minority population. This trial sets the stage for a larger RCT that evaluates the transportability and generalizability of BATD in an effectiveness trial. (PsycINFO Database Record
The impact of austerity on poverty and sport participation: mind the knowledge gap

ABSTRACT This paper will try to address the question why, to this date, empirically we still know relatively little about the impact of austerity policies in relation to sport (non-)participation of people living in poverty. It is reasonable to assume that austerity measures spanning over many life and policy domains, such as, housing, energy costs, transport, employment, healthcare, social welfare, childcare, education, pension, public services, sport provisions, etc., might have had an impact on the leisure participation opportunities and outcomes of people in poverty. However, such assumptions remain under-researched. I will put forward the following potential reasons for the current knowledge gap: (1) the conceptual broadening and hollowing out of ‘poverty’; (2) the failure to situate sport participation within wider life and policy domains; (3) the difficulty to measure organised sport participation of people living in poverty through existing sport participation surveys; (4) the acute lack of systematic problem and policy analyses in terms of the impact of austerity measures on people living in poverty; and (5) the reluctance of sport and leisure academics to use critical political analyses of austerity policy measures. We need to develop a better understanding of the impact of austerity policies and a welfare state rollback on the general leisure opportunities and outcomes of people in poverty, to help inform policymakers about the (unintended) outcomes of austerity policies on multiple life domains, of which sport is just one of many.
Public attitudes about tobacco smoke in workplaces: the importance of workers’ rights in survey questions

Individuals with schizophrenia are more likely to smoke than those with other Axis I disorders1 and are 10 times more likely to have ever smoked daily than individuals in the general population.2 In addition to more frequent medical consequences of smoking3 as compared to smokers in the general population, smokers with schizophrenia experience negative consequences unique to their mental illness. One often overlooked example includes the substantial financial implications from tobacco use among smokers with schizophrenia—many of whom are dependent on a limited, fixed income.4,5 Quality of life issues relating to the ability to pay for occasional entertainment desires, or more seriously, adequate …
Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Peptide Receptor Agonist Ac-RYYRWKKKKKKK-NH2 (ZP120) Induces Antinatriuresis in Rats by Stimulation of Amiloride-Sensitive Sodium Reabsorption

The aim of the present study was to examine the mechanisms responsible for the antinatriuretic effect of the selective, peripherally acting, nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor partial agonist Ac-RYYRWKKKKKKK-NH2 (ZP120). Using immunohistochemistry, we showed that in the cortex NOP receptors are expressed in the distal convoluted tubules, the connecting tubules, and the collecting ducts. Using clearance techniques, we evaluated renal excretory function during acute administration of ZP120 (1 nmol/kg/min) in chronically catheterized, conscious rats (n = 8/group). To examine the hypothesis that ZP120 induces direct renal effects by modifying the activity of sodium transporters in the distal convoluted tubules or in the collecting ducts, ZP120-induced antinatriuresis was examined during coadministration of an inhibitor of the NaCl cotransporter, bendroflumethiazide, or a blocker of the epithelial sodium channel, amiloride, respectively. ZP120 produced a marked antinatriuresis [fractional excretion of sodium (FENa): ZP120, 0.3 ± 0.1% versus control, 0.9 ± 0.1%; p < 0.05] in sodium-replete rats. The natriuretic response to amiloride was significantly increased in ZP120-treated rats compared with controls (ΔFENa: ZP120, 1.1 ± 0.2% versus control, 0.5 ± 0.2%; p < 0.01), whereas the effect of BFTZ was equal in ZP120-treated rats and controls. These results suggest that ZP120 exerts a direct renal NOP receptor-mediated stimulatory effect on the epithelial sodium channel in the collecting ducts.
Balance between the proximal dendritic compartment and the soma determines spontaneous firing rate in midbrain dopamine neurons

The electrical coupling between the soma and dendritic compartments has been regarded as a key determinant for the spontaneous firing rate (SFR) in midbrain dopamine neurons. Isolated nigral dopamine neurons showed a wide range of soma size and a variable number of primary dendrites but preserved a quite consistent SFR. The SFR was not correlated with soma size or with the number of primary dendrites, but it was strongly correlated with the area ratios of the proximal dendritic compartments to the somatic compartment. Tetrodotoxin puff and local Ca2+ perturbation experiments, computer simulation, and local glutamate uncaging experiments suggest the importance of the proximal dendritic compartments in pacemaker activity. These results lead us to a novel conclusion that the proximal dendritic compartments, not the whole dendritic compartments, play a key role in the somatodendritic balance that determines the SFR in dopamine neurons.
The psychosocial effects of landmines in Jaffna

The victims of landmines in Jaffna were studied from a psychosocial perspective in order to identity major problem areas and give priorities for rehabilitation. Sixty‐seven victims of landmines from April 1996 to March 1998 in the Valikamam area of Jaffna were studied. There were three times as many males as females. About 48 per cent were aged 20–39 years. About one‐fifth of the victims were children. Of the females, 60 per cent were unmarried. The majority belonged to the lower socio‐economic strata. Half lost their earning capacity after the injury. Post‐traumatic stress disorder (72 per cent), acute stress reaction (73 per cent), anxiety disorder (80 per cent) and depression (73 per cent) were found to be very significantly higher in this group than in the general population. There were also remarkable changes in the areas of functional ability, religious practice, use of alcohol and social relationships. The ‘phantom limb’ phenomenon was a striking feature among amputees. The psychosocial impact of landmine injuries has to be considered seriously in rehabilitation work.
A New look at an old problem : how teachers can liberate themselves from the drudgery of marking student writing

According to conventional wisdom, good writing teachers mark all student papers meticulously, respond to each and every single error, write detailed comments, and cover student papers with red. However, such an approach has deleterious effects on both teachers and students, resulting in a no-win situation where teachers exhaust themselves and students lose interest in writing. How can teachers liberate themselves from the drudgery of marking student writing? How can feedback be made more effective so that receiving feedback is no longer a negative experience for students?
Relationship between accommodative and vergence dysfunctions and academic achievement for primary school children

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and types of non‐strabismic accommodative and/or vergence dysfunctions in primary school children, and to determine the relationship of these dysfunctions to academic achievement. A total of 1031 parents and their children aged 9–13 years responded to the College of Optometrists in Vision Development Quality of Life (COVD‐QOL) questionnaire. Of these, 258 children whose visual symptom scores were ≥20 were identified for further evaluation. Comprehensive eye and vision examinations were provided to the children who met the eligibility criteria (114 of 258): eligible symptomatic children were those without amblyopia, strabismus, ocular and systemic pathology, and contact lens wear. Children were also excluded if they had visual acuity poorer than 20/25 in either eye or vertical phoria >1 prism diopter. The results showed that 82 of 114 (71.9%) of criteria‐eligible symptomatic primary school children had non‐strabismic accommodative and/or vergence dysfunctions. In addition, a significant relationship was found between these dysfunctions and academic scores in every academic area (reading, mathematics, social science and science) in the total sample. Therefore, accommodative and vergence functions should be tested for all school children who have visual symptoms and/or academic difficulties. Additional study is needed to determine if improvements of accommodative and vergence functions also improve academic achievement.
‘We are not afraid to die’: gender dynamics of agrarian change in Ratanakiri province, Cambodia

Dramatic changes have subverted the socially, culturally and resource-rich systems of indigenous communities living in Ratanakiri province. These changes include the incursion of market-based economy and commodification of land, the alienation of land and natural resources by way of economic land concessions (ELCs) and the inflow of large number of migrants from other regions and countries. Their cumulative impact has affected indigenous communities’ agrarian practices, their livelihoods and their system of beliefs and way of life, with important repercussions on social differentiation and gender relations. Based on fieldwork carried out in Ratanakiri province, this contribution analyses how emerging capitalist relations are shaping shifting gender relations and creating hierarchies of power that risk marginalising indigenous women and girls and eroding spaces of recognition, autonomy and agency they once had.
Nonlinearities Originated in a Red RC-LED and Their Impact on Spectrally Efficient Modulation

Nonlinear signal distortions originated in a resonant-cavity light emitting diode (RC-LED) are investigated. Using laboratory measurements and offline processing, the RC-LED's nonlinear behavior is investigated for multilevel pulse amplitude modulation (M-PAM) and carrierless amplitude and phase modulation with the help of a Volterra-series expansion. Dynamic nonlinearities are identified which are strongly dependent on the modulation format used. The impact of these nonlinearities is then investigated for a short-range gigabit transmission link, consisting of a RC-LED and 30 m of step-index polymer optical fiber. It is shown that dynamic nonlinearities are a dominat source of signal impairments when using M-PAM at lower baud rates and that the performance of M-PAM can be considerably improved with a Volterra-series extension of a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) compared with a regular DFE.
Restriction of placental growth results in greater hypotensive response to α‐adrenergic blockade in fetal sheep during late gestation

Placental insufficiency resulting in restriction of fetal substrate supply and fetal hypoxaemia is a major cause of restricted fetal growth and increased neonatal morbidity. Fetal adaptations to placental restriction (PR) include increases in circulating catecholamines and cortisol and decreased fetal body growth, with relative sparing of brain growth. The mechanisms underlying the redistribution of fetal cardiac output in PR fetuses are not known and the aim of this study was to determine whether maintenance of fetal blood pressure (BP) in the PR fetus is dependent on α‐adrenergic stimulation. PR was induced by removing the majority of uterine caruncles in the ewe before conception. Sterile vascular surgery was performed on seven PR and six control fetuses at 113–120 days' gestation (term = 150 ± 3 days). Fetuses with a mean arterial P O 2 < 17 mmHg between 123 and 127 days' gestation were defined as hypoxic. There was a greater fall (P < 0.05) in fetal BP during phentolamine infusion (i.v: 5 mg bolus, 0.2 mg kg−1 min−1 for 2 h) in the hypoxic PR group (−15 ± 2 mmHg) compared with normoxic controls (−5 ± 1 mmHg). The fall in fetal BP during phentolamine infusion was directly related to the level of fetal P O 2. Fetal BP and HR responses to phenylephrine (i.v.: 40 μg kg−1) were not different between PR and control fetuses. The maintenance of BP in the chronically hypoxic fetus is therefore dependent on α‐adrenergic activation, and this fetal adaptation to a suboptimal intrauterine environment pre‐dates the development of significant growth restriction. While this adaptation may play a critical role in the redistribution of fetal cardiac output to ensure the sparing of brain growth, it may have adverse consequences for peripheral vascular function in the neonatal period and in adult life.
Transcapillary Exchange En the Working Left Ventricle of the Dog

Sets of multiple indicator dilution curves were obtained from working hearts of dogs with closed chests. A multiple capillary adaptation of a permeability-limited capillary model which assumes that exchanging material returns to the capillary at its site of escape was tested on these curves. The model has only two lumped parameters: a permeability surface product per accessible extravascular volume, and flow per extravascular volume. Labeled red cells and albumin were used as vascular indicators. The model provided close fits for the curves of diffusion-limited indicators (sucrose, inulin, sulfate, sodium, chloride, and urea), and unique values were obtained for both parameters. The accessible extravascular volume obtained by this method was independent of flow whereas the permeability surface product per accessible extravascular volume (a relatively low value for these indicators) increased with flow. In this first group the outflow patterns varied with the size of the test molecule. For a second group of substances (water, ethanol and antipyrine), the outflow patterns were virtually identical and independent of molecular size (i.e., flow-limited). The modeling did not provide an appropriate description of these curves, and analysis indicated that the exchanging indicator may intercommunicate between capillaries in a random fashion, i.e., that the indicator may not return to each capillary at the same site at which it escaped.
Short-Term Adrenalectomy Increases Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptor mRNA in Selective Areas of the Developing Hippocampus

In the central nervous system, adrenal steroids bind to two different types of corticosteroid receptors: glucocorticoid (GR) or mineralocorticoid (MR). In vitro biochemical and autoradiographic techniques have been used to infer GR and MR protein abundance in the hippocampus. Adrenalectomy (ADX) is routinely performed to measure the normal receptor number in absence of corticosterone (B), which would otherwise interfere with the binding reaction, The developing rodent has low basal B levels until the third week of life. We were interested in whether removal of circulating B may have a greater impact in the developing hippocampus than in the adult animal. In this study we examined the effect of a 14-h ADX on hippocampal GR and MR binding capacity (B(max)) by standard binding techniques and on gene expression by in situ hybridization. ADX was performed on Day 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 28, 35, and 45 and on adult animals. GR B(max) increased from Day 6 to adult levels by Day 22 (d6 = 159.0 +/- 27; d22 = 369.1 +/- 43; a = 344.8 +/- 23, fmol/mg protein +/- SE). In contrast, MR B(max) had adult levels on Day 6 and increased above these until Day 45, when it decreased and approached adult concentrations (d6 = 83.2 +/- 22; d45 = 123 +/- 23; a = 76.9 +/- 13, fmol/mg protein +/- SE). The greatest absolute increase for both receptors occurred between Days 22 and 45 and correlated with increases in GR and MR gene expression. Moreover, age- and region-specific changes were evident in the developing hippocampus. In addition, the adult animal also exhibited an MR mRNA upregulation after 14 h of adrenalectomy. We propose extreme caution when interpreting GR and MR B(max) values obtained after short-term adrenalectomy in both adult and developing animals since upregulation of these genes is evident in this short time frame.
The critical capacities of restaurants as facilitators for transformations to sustainability

Abstract The United Nations released the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) following the 2012 Rio +20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development. This articulated 17 SDGs that balance the environmental, social and economic aspects of development, setting a timespan between 2015 and 2030 to end global poverty through sustainable development approaches. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, the tourism industry as a critical component of the global economy can play an important role in influencing consumers to participate in sustainability through their food consumption choices. Research shows restaurants and cafés around the world have offered sustainability best practice initiatives drawing attention to the political consequences of personal eating habits. This article presents the findings from case study research of twenty Australian restaurants featuring sustainability in their business concept and in their practices. Findings indicate that restaurants make surprising and valuable contributions to the SDG agenda. These restaurants’ efforts range from: implementation of specific SDGs; using food as a way to unite and empower people; educating their stakeholders about environmental and community impacts of sustainability practices; and modelling alternatives that in some cases address critical questions of how are we to live.
What is moral courage? Definition, explication, and classification of a complex construct.

Consider the following two instances of prosocial behavior. The first took place in Munich, Germany, January 13, 2001: About 20 Nazi skinheads harassed a young Greek and started to beat him up in a most brutal way. Five young Turks witnessed the situation and decided to intervene. Risking their own lives, they were able to save the disabled and blood-stained victim from being beaten to death. The second instance occurred in Asia: After the big tsunami wave in Southeast Asia in December 2004, more than 165,000 people lost their lives and more than one million people were made homeless by the floods. Shocked by this horrible natural disaster, people all over the world wanted to ease the victims’ suffering. Thousands of volunteers went to Southeast Asia to help on the ground and in Germany, for example, more than 250 million Euros were collected in private donations to help the tsunami victims. The young Turks and the tsunami volunteers and donors both acted prosocially and supported people who were in situations of severe distress. However, in the first situation, the young Turks had to reckon with massive negative social consequences such as being assaulted by the Nazi skinheads or at least being harassed by them. In contrast, the tsunami volunteers and donors could anticipate positive social consequences such as gratefulness from the victims and recognition from other volunteers, other donors, and the public. Thus, even if both types of actions are done in pursuit of the same goal, namely, helping persons in need, the consequences for the helper might be very different. We argue that the first kind of prosocial behavior is a typical instance of moral courage, whereas the second is more typical of helping behavior. This chapter deals with moral courage. We seek to highlight this construct by comparing it with other prosocial behaviors, such as helping behavior and related constructs such as heroism or social control. We also include research about
The role of perceived risk in influencing online shopping attitude among women in India

The objective of this research study is to examine the key components of perceived risk (security risk, privacy risk, product risk and non delivery risk) in ecommerce and the impact of perceived risk on online shopping attitude among online women shoppers in India. It proposes a model explaining how perceived risk in online shopping impacts attitude and what is the impact of online shopping attitude on online shopping intention. Sample size of 508 women shoppers was considered in the study and the technique of Structural equation modelling was employed. An online questionnaire was administered at internet users who had prior online shopping experience. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the research constructs, validity and composite reliability. The results of the study demonstrate that perceived risk is not a significant factor influencing attitude of women shoppers in India. Security risk was marginally significant out of the different types of risks considered in the study.
Long term health outcomes in patients with a history of myocardial infarction: A population based cohort study

Background Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in the first 12 months post-event. Interventions such as dual antiplatelet therapy can reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), but the duration of the high-risk time interval and the optimal prescription time frame for these interventions remains unknown. Design, setting, participants, and measurements We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from medical services and hospitalizations in Manitoba, Canada for patients admitted with a MI between April 2006 and March 2010, and followed until Nov 30, 2014. We used survival analysis to determine the cumulative incidence of death, subsequent MI, or stroke, and used Cox proportional hazards models to assess factors associated with these endpoints. Results There were 8,493 patients in Manitoba admitted to hospital for a MI during the study period. Of those, 6,749 (79.5%) survived for at least 1 year without a recurrent MI or stroke. In the following year, this population remained at high risk, with 372 (5.5%) of the remaining patients dying in the next twelve months (48.1% cardiovascular deaths), 244 (3.6%) having a recurrent MI, and 74 (1.1%) having a stroke. Older age, male sex, diabetes, prior stroke, prior heart failure, prior unstable angina, and absence of revascularization were associated with worse long-term prognosis. Conclusions The risk of MACE remains elevated among post-MI patients after the first year. Interventions to more intensively monitor, evaluate, and treat these patients should be considered beyond the first year following myocardial infarction.