Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of centerline rumble strips (CLRS) on two-lane carriageways in Sweden on injury accident risk for cars equipped with electronic stability control (ESC) and cars without ESC

Abstract Objective: Electronic Stability Control (ESC) and Lane Departure Warning (LDW) are in-vehicle safety systems that complement each other. While the implementation of on-board lane support systems in traffic is still limited and the majority of the traffic volume is made up by ESC-equipped cars, the effectiveness of centerline rumble strips (CLRS) for ESC-equipped cars need to be quantified. The aim of the present study is to estimate the effectiveness of CLRS on two-lane carriageways in Sweden, on injury accident risk for cars equipped with ESC and cars without ESC. Methods: Police reported injury crashes during 2011‒2016 were extracted from the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition (STRADA) database and merged with the National Road Database (NVDB) containing information regarding road design and road use parameters. The analysis includes crashes on two-lane carriageways in Sweden with a width of at least seven meters in dry and wet road conditions, that is, road surface not covered by ice or snow. The crashes involved a total of 7,490 cars with injured drivers, where 39% of the cars were equipped with ESC. The effectiveness estimates were calculated for injured drivers in ESC-equipped cars in crashes involving drift out of lane to the left, and posted speed limits of 80 and 90 km/h. The analysis was carried out by applying the induced exposure approach in which rates of cars involved in crashes sensitive and non-sensitive to CLRS were compared at sites with and without CLRS. In order to substantiate the evidence for causality, case and control rates of car model year and Seat Belt Reminder (SBR) fitment, driver age, driver gender, traffic volume, road width, speed limit and road surface condition were compared. Results: For ESC-equipped cars, the analysis showed a reduction in CLRS-sensitive crashes by 40% (19‒56%, confidence interval [CI] 95%) where CLRS had been implemented, and a reduction by 29% (11‒44%, CI 95%) for cars without ESC-equipment. Conclusions: Contemporary effectiveness estimates may have important implications for the short and medium-term national road safety management. CLRS remains an important countermeasure to consider for reducing the number of real-world injury crashes. From a systematic safety perspective, it is important to accentuate that CLRS and ESC essentially address different crash scenarios. Still, both CLRS and ESC have the potential to avoid crashes involving unintentional lane drifting resulting in loss of control. When the CLRS alerts a driver of unintentional lane drifting, the ESC can be essential in supporting the driver to safely veer back into the lane without loss of control. However, further analysis on the combined safety benefit of ESC and CLRS is required.
Leadership of Winter Mixed-Species Flocks by Tufted Titmice (Baeolophus bicolor): Are Titmice Passive Nuclear Species?

The tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor, TUTI) is a nuclear species in winter foraging flocks whose antipredator calls are used to manage predation risk by diverse heterospecifics. We hypothesized that satellite species in mixed flocks follow TUTI (not vice versa), thereby defining the role of TUTI as a “passive” nuclear species. We followed 20 winter mixed-species flocks in North-Central Florida and assessed angular-angular correlations between overall flock, TUTI, and satellite species movement directions. We observed significant correlations between overall flock movement directions and those of TUTI, confirming our central prediction. Within flocks, however, fine-scale movement directions of satellite species were often more highly correlated with those of other satellites than with TUTI movements. We conclude that TUTI are passive nuclear species whose movements define flock paths, but within flocks, TUTI movements may have less influence on satellite movements than do other factors.
Long Noncoding RNA H19 Promotes Tumorigenesis of Multiple Myeloma by Activating BRD4 Signaling by Targeting MicroRNA 152-3p

Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for over twenty percent of hematological cancer-related death worldwide. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 is associated with multiple tumorigenesis and is increased in MM, but the underlying mechanism of H19 in MM is unclear. In this study, the expression of H19, microRNA 152-3p (miR-152-3p), and BRD4 in MM patients was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. ABSTRACT Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for over twenty percent of hematological cancer-related death worldwide. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 is associated with multiple tumorigenesis and is increased in MM, but the underlying mechanism of H19 in MM is unclear. In this study, the expression of H19, microRNA 152-3p (miR-152-3p), and BRD4 in MM patients was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Colony formation and flow cytometry analysis were used to determine the effects of H19 and miR-152-3p on MM cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. A luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm the interaction among H19, miR-152-3p, and BRD4. A nude mouse xenograft model was established, and the cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay. We found that levels of H19 and BRD4 were upregulated and the expression of miR-152-3p was downregulated in MM patients. Dual luciferase reporter assay showed H19 targeted miR-152-3p to promote BRD4 expression. Knockdown of H19 repressed proliferation and enhanced apoptosis and cell cycle G1 arrest by upregulating miR-152-3p in MM cells. Furthermore, H19 knockdown suppressed the growth of xenograft tumor, reduced Ki-67 and BRD4 levels, and increased cell apoptosis in xenograft tumor tissues. Taking these results together, H19 knockdown suppresses MM tumorigenesis via inhibiting BRD4-mediated cell proliferation through targeting miR-152-3p, implying that H19 is a promising biomarker and drug target for MM.
Incentives and Services for College Achievement: Evidence from a Randomized Trial

Many North American college students have trouble satisfying degree requirements in a timely manner. This paper reports on a randomized field experiment involving two strategies designed to improve academic performance among entering full-time undergraduates at a large Canadian university. One treatment group (“services”) was offered peer advising and organized study groups. Another (“incentives”) was offered substantial merit-scholarships for solid, but not necessarily top, first year grades. A third treatment group combined both interventions. Service take-up rates were much higher for women than for men and for students offered both services and incentives than for those offered services alone. No program had an effect on men’s grades or other measures of academic performance. However, the Fall and first-year grades of women in the combined group were significantly higher than those of women in the control group, and women in this group earned more course credits and were less likely than controls to be on academic probation. These differentials persisted through the end of the second year, in spite of the fact that incentives were given in the first year only. The results suggest that the study skills acquired in response to a combination of services and incentives can have a lasting effect, and that the combination of services and incentives is more promising than either alone.
Blood flow rate and wall shear stress in seven major cephalic arteries of humans

Blood flow rate ( Q˙ ) in relation to arterial lumen radius (ri) is commonly modelled according to theoretical equations and paradigms, including Murray’s Law ( Q˙ ∝ ri3 ) and da Vinci’s Rule ( Q˙ ∝ ri2 ). Wall shear stress (τ) is independent of ri with Murray’s Law (τ ∝ ri0 ) and decreases with da Vinci’s Rule (τ ∝ ri-1 ). These paradigms are tested empirically with a meta‐analysis of the relationships between Q˙ and ri in seven major arteries of the human cephalic circulation from 19 imaging studies in which both variables were presented. The analysis shows that Q˙ ∝ ri2.16 and τ ∝ ri-1.02 , more consistent with da Vinci’s Rule than Murray’s Law. This meta‐analysis provides standard values for Q˙ , ri and τ in the human cephalic arteries that may be a useful baseline in future investigations. On average, the paired internal carotid arteries supply 75%, and the vertebral arteries supply 25%, of total brain blood flow. The internal carotid arteries contribute blood entirely to the anterior and middle cerebral arteries and also partly to the posterior cerebral arteries via the posterior communicating arteries of the circle of Willis. On average, the internal carotid arteries provide 88% of the blood flow to the cerebrum and the vertebral arteries only 12%.
The regulation of recurrent negative emotion in the aftermath of a lost election

ABSTRACT For some American voters, the news of Mr. Trump's victory in the 2016 presidential election caused recurrent emotions that were negative, persistent, and intense enough to elicit repeated attempts at emotion regulation. This afforded a rare opportunity to analyse the regulation of recurrent emotions in a natural, non-laboratory context. The regulation of recurrent emotion involves additional considerations relative to single-instance emotion, such as representations of past and future encounters with the emotion-eliciting variables, ongoing consequences of each regulatory episode, and a tendency to repeatedly deploy emotion regulation strategies that one is most familiar with in the context of the particular recurrent emotion. Despite the ubiquitous nature of recurrent emotions, its associated regulatory processes have been infrequently examined and are not well-understood. Over eight days (11/10/16–11/18/16), we administered four surveys to 202 participants who voted against Mr. Trump. We examined the determinants and outcomes of regulatory strategies in the context of recurrent emotion. We found that (1) reappraisal (compared to distraction and acceptance) was associated with greater decline in emotion intensity, (2) high-intensity emotions were more likely to be distracted, whereas low-intensity emotions were more likely to be reappraised, and (3) strategy variability was associated with greater affective adaptation.
Platforms for Offshore Wind Turbines Using Gratings

The paper deals with forces generated by a stationary jet on different types of gratings and a solid plate. The force reduction factors for the different gratings compared to the solid plate mainly depend on the porosity of the gratings, but the geometry of the grating is also of some importance. The derived reduction factors are expected to be applicable to design of offshore wind turbine access platforms with gratings where slamming also is an important factor.
A Bayesian nonparametric model for white blood cells in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) affect a significant proportion of the population and often lead to a reduced quality of life. LUTS overlap across a wide variety of diseases, which makes the diagnostic process extremely complicated. In this work we focus on the relation between LUTS and Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). The latter is detected through the number of White Blood Cells (WBC) in a sample of urine: WBC≥ 1 indicates UTI and high levels may indicate complications. The objective of this work is to provide the clinicians with a tool for supporting the diagnostic process, deepening the available knowledge about LUTS and UTI. We analyze data recording both LUTS profile and WBC count for each patient. We propose to model the WBC using a random partition model in which we specify a prior distribution over the partition of the patients which includes the clustering information contained in the LUTS profile. Then, within each cluster, the WBC counts are assumed to be generated by a zero-inflated Poisson distribution. The results of the predictive distribution allows to identify the symptoms configuration most associated with the presence of UTI as well as with severe infections.
The Observer's Guide to the Gamma-Ray Burst-Supernova Connection

We present a detailed report of the connection between long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and their accompanying supernovae (SNe). The discussion presented here places emphasis on how observations, and the modelling of observations, have constrained what we know about GRB-SNe. We discuss their photometric and spectroscopic properties, their role as cosmological probes, including their measured luminosity–decline relationships, and how they can be used to measure the Hubble constant. We present a statistical summary of their bolometric properties and use this to determine the properties of the “average” GRB-SN. We discuss their geometry and consider the various physical processes that are thought to power the luminosity of GRB-SNe and whether differences exist between GRB-SNe and the SNe associated with ultra-long-duration GRBs. We discuss how observations of their environments further constrain the physical properties of their progenitor stars and give a brief overview of the current theoretical paradigms of their central engines. We then present an overview of the radioactively powered transients that have been photometrically associated with short-duration GRBs, and we conclude by discussing what additional research is needed to further our understanding of GRB-SNe, in particular the role of binary-formation channels and the connection of GRB-SNe with superluminous SNe.
Scaling dimensions of higher-charge monopoles at deconfined critical points

The classical cubic dimer model has a columnar ordering transition that is continuous and described by a critical Anderson–Higgs theory containing an SU(2)-symmetric complex field minimally coupled to a noncompact U(1) gauge theory. Defects in the dimer constraints correspond to monopoles of the gauge theory, with charge determined by the deviation from unity of the dimer occupancy. By introducing such defects into Monte Carlo simulations of the dimer model at its critical point, we determine the scaling dimensions y2 = 1:48 _ 0:07 and y3 = 0:20 _ 0:03 for the operators corresponding to defects of charge q = 2 and 3 respectively. These results, which constitute the first direct determination of the scaling dimensions, shed light on the deconfined critical point of spin-12 quantum antiferromagnets, thought to belong to the same universality class. In particular, the positive value of y3 implies that the transition in the JQ model on the honeycomb lattice is of first order.
Effect of Triflumuron and Pyriproxyfen on Musca domestica L Larval Stages in the Laboratory

Background: The residual effect of triflumuron and pyriproxyfen on Musca domestica L larval stages was studied in the laboratory. Methods : Both IGRs at varying concentrations ranging between 0.5 to 2.5 mg/L were placed inside beakers with mice chow and vitamin B complex and water as food for the 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd instars M.domestica larvae. Results: Both IGRs inhibit M. domestica adult emergence of 98-98.5% when applied at the lowest concentration of 0.5 mg/L on the 1 st instar, 93-97% of adult emergence inhibition on the 2 nd instar,and 91-97% of adult emergence inhibi­tion on the 3 rd instar larvae respectively. There was no significant difference between triflumuron and pyriproxy­fen on house­fly adult emergence inhibition when fed to the 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd instars M.domestica larvae ( P> 0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the IGRs and the control ( P< 0.05). Conclusion : Both triflumuron and pyriproxyfen are effective in inhibiting adult emergence of housefly M domes­tica and therefore should be recommended for fly control particularly in chicken farms and dumping grounds in Malaysia for housefly control activities.
GROWTH EFFECTS OF TAXATION UNDER ALTRUISM AND LOW ELASTICITY OF INTERTEMPORAL SUBSTITUTION

An increase in the tax rate on capital income may raise the rate of economic growth when the elasticity of intertemporal substitution is low and intergenerational transfers are absent. Since the strength of the bequest motive depends on tax rates, this paper provides conditions under which taxing capital income, and then reducing the labor income tax, is more growth enhancing than the classical policy of zero taxes on capital income, and vice versa.
A practical approach for reducing the risk of plastic shrinkage cracking of concrete

In this letter, a conventional method for mitigation of plastic shrinkage of fresh concrete based on comparing bleeding and evaporation rates (the former based on the commonly observed values of bleeding rate and the latter estimated by means of the commonly-used ACI nomograph) is critically assessed. It is shown that even if the initial bleeding rates are sufficiently high (i.e. higher than the evaporation rates), cracking may still occur if all the bleed water is lost by evaporation between the times of initial and final set, leading to the rise of capillary pressure. An alternative and more conservative method should be thus based on the total (accumulated) amount of bleed water compared to the total amount of evaporated water. The former should take into account the concrete’s properties and the geometry of the member, while the latter can be assumed based on the nomograph method.
Interactive Learning-driven Innovation in Upstream-Downstream Relations: Evidence from Mutual Exchanges of Engineers in Developing Economies

This paper presents a simple model of the innovations that result from face-to-face communication and mutual learning in upstream-downstream relations. To examine the framework, we empirically investigate the impact of mutual knowledge exchanges on product and process innovation using a survey of manufacturing firms in Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. Evidence from interconnected firms in developing economies suggests that firms with mutual exchanges between engineers and customers achieved product innovations with new technologies and new markets. However, this is not true for simple improvement of products or process innovation. Mutual exchanges with engineers can be expected to play an important role in the case of costly innovation and in situations unknown situation to the firms.
Recovery in heavily deformed nickel during room temperature storage

The microstructural evolution in pure nickel cold deformed to a von Miss strain of 4.8 using an accumulative roll bonding process has been monitored by investigating selected regions after different periods of room-temperature storage. It is found that the quality of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns improves during the storage, with no appreciable migration of grain boundaries and triple junctions, as revealed by EBSD and transmission electron microscopy. Tensile test data demonstrate that the strength decreases during the storage. It is suggested that these changes reflect an overall reduction of the dislocation density. The relationship between the microstructure of the as-deformed and recovered sample and their mechanical properties is discussed.
Parallel evolution of ancient, pleiotropic enhancers underlies butterfly wing pattern mimicry

Significance Color pattern mimicry in Heliconius butterflies provides a key example of trait evolution via selection on large effect genes. To understand how individual genes drive the evolution of new, complex traits, we functionally characterized 5 enhancers of the red color pattern gene in Heliconius. We discovered these enhancers are all necessary for color patterning and influence multiple elements of wing patterning rather than driving distinct wing pattern modules. Enhancer variants are shared among similarly colored disjunct populations via hybridization. These enhancers also appear to be evolving in parallel in distantly related co-mimic species, suggesting their ancient role in Heliconius wing pattern diversity. We propose a model for how interacting enhancers and their upstream modifiers can generate wing pattern diversity. Color pattern mimicry in Heliconius butterflies is a classic case study of complex trait adaptation via selection on a few large effect genes. Association studies have linked color pattern variation to a handful of noncoding regions, yet the presumptive cis-regulatory elements (CREs) that control color patterning remain unknown. Here we combine chromatin assays, DNA sequence associations, and genome editing to functionally characterize 5 cis-regulatory elements of the color pattern gene optix. We were surprised to find that the cis-regulatory architecture of optix is characterized by pleiotropy and regulatory fragility, where deletion of individual cis-regulatory elements has broad effects on both color pattern and wing vein development. Remarkably, we found orthologous cis-regulatory elements associate with wing pattern convergence of distantly related comimics, suggesting that parallel coevolution of ancestral elements facilitated pattern mimicry. Our results support a model of color pattern evolution in Heliconius where changes to ancient, multifunctional cis-regulatory elements underlie adaptive radiation.
Rapid photochemical equilibration of isotope bond ordering in O2

The abundances of 18O18O and 17O18O in the atmosphere were recently found to be enriched relative to the stochastic distribution of isotopes in O2. The enrichment is believed to arise from O(3P) + O2 isotope exchange reactions, which reorder the isotopes in O2 to a distribution that favors bonds between heavy isotopes. Theoretical predictions and laboratory experiments suggest that the reordered distribution of isotopes should reflect internal isotopic equilibrium, but a laboratory test of this hypothesis for the complete O2 isotopologue system has not yet been realized. Here we use a simple photochemical experiment that reorders the isotopes in O2 at temperatures between 200 K and 350 K. Using simultaneous measurements of five O2 isotopologues, we show that O(3P) + O2 reorders the isotopes in O2 to isotopic equilibrium. Furthermore, we use this scheme to calibrate measurements of isotopic ordering in samples of O2, obtaining Δ36 and Δ35 values within ±0.1‰. Measurements of atmospheric O2 sampled at the University of California, Los Angeles, from 2012 to 2014 have mean values of Δ36 = 1.97 ± 0.07‰ and Δ35 = 1.0 ± 0.1‰ (2 SE; n = 23), with no detectable long‐term trend. These measurements are consistent with values for air reported earlier, but with a threefold to fourfold improvement in precision. Together, the experiments and observations support the case that isotopic ordering in tropospheric O2 is altered by O(3P) + O2; however, they also suggest that tropospheric Δ36 and Δ35 values do not reflect complete isotopic equilibration in the troposphere. Isotopic ordering in atmospheric O2 likely reflects the decadal‐scale balance of stratospheric and tropospheric air masses modulated by variations in tropospheric photochemistry and convection.
NOESIS: A Framework for Complex Network Data Analysis

Network data mining has attracted a lot of attention since a large number of real-world problems have to deal with complex network data. In this paper, we present NOESIS, an open-source framework for network-based data mining. NOESIS features a large number of techniques and methods for the analysis of structural network properties, network visualization, community detection, link scoring, and link prediction. The proposed framework has been designed following solid design principles and exploits parallel computing using structured parallel programming. NOESIS also provides a stand-alone graphical user interface allowing the use of advanced software analysis techniques to users without prior programming experience. This framework is available under a BSD open-source software license.