Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceptual functionality of morphological redundancy in Choguita Rarámuri (Tarahumara)

A recent cross-linguistic survey suggests redundant marking of the same meaning by multiple morphological markers to be more widely attested than commonly believed. While this phenomenon (referred to as multiple (or extended) exponence in the morphological literature) has been examined within the context of morphological theory and diachronic research, little work has investigated the processing of morphological redundancy and synchronic motivations for its use. This paper reports a field speech-in-noise experiment to assess perceptual functionality of redundant markers in an agglutinating, morphologically complex language of Northern Mexico, Choguita Rarámuri (Tarahumara). This language possesses morphological patterns in which a meaning is redundantly cued by two consecutive suffixes, and where the second (outer) suffix is optional. We show that the effect of adding the optional suffix varies with the overall likelihood of recognising its meaning in context: cue redundancy helps when recognition of the cued meaning is difficult but hurts when recognition of the cued meaning is easy. The results are interpreted as support for the operation of Grice's Maxim of Clarity in spoken word recognition and/or production: the listener expects the speaker to say only as much as is necessary to transmit the message.
Online learning community development with teachers as a means of enhancing initial teacher training

A purpose‐built blend of teaching and learning activities was used with trainee teachers on a Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) course, and subsequently evaluated in a cyclical action research study, over a period of two years. The purpose of the blend was to engender the formation of a learning community, by giving them access to each other all through the course, in order to reduce the isolation often felt on school placement. The development of their social presence was encouraged by providing them with the social space in which to construct it. The findings indicate that this blend engendered the formation of a learning community through the creation of social presence and space that reduced isolation on placement for the trainee teachers. Positive voices from the research illustrate that trainees experienced an enhancement of their teacher training course through participation in the learning community.
A learning method of fuzzy inference rules by descent method

The authors propose a learning method for fuzzy inference rules by a descent method. From input-output data gathered from specialists, the inference rules expressing the input-output relation of the data are obtained automatically. The membership functions in the antecedent part and the real number in the consequent part of the inference rules are tuned by means of the descent method. The learning speed and the generalization capability of this method are higher than those of a conventional backpropagation type neural network. This method has the capability to express the knowledge acquired from input-output data in the form of fuzzy inference rules. Some numerical examples are described to show these advantages over the conventional neural network. An application of the method to a mobile robot that avoids a moving obstacle and its computer simulation are reported. <<ETX>>
Integrating Online Instructional Tools in a Large Engineering Course: An Exploratory Study

During the past two years a Mechanics of Material course was offered with two enrollment options for lectures: a) face-to- face attendance in classroom; and b) online participation, either live or delayed (recorded) via streamed recorded lectures. Two online instructional tools were introduced to support the described format of this course. First tool, the Webex 11 online conferencing tool was used for the synchronous online delivery of the lectures as alternative to the face-to- face participation in the course. The second tool, called MecMovies 7 was an online environment that combines worked examples, drill exercises, and assignment problems to be solved by the students. This paper presents the results of a longitudinal study that followed two consecutive semesters, Spring Semester of 2006-2007 and respectively Fall Semester of 2007-2008. Due to the novelty of this approach for both the instructor and students, the overall research questions were exploratory: How did the inclusion of the two online instructional tools impact students’ attitude and behavior? How did these changes impact students’ classroom performance? The findings of these studies suggest that students in this type of environment are attracted by the flexibility and convenience of online learning. Anyway, most of students tend to overestimate their ability to self-regulate their own learning process so that they became effective learners. Making students aware of this trap by providing them with empirical findings proved to be a first step in closing the gap between the performance outcomes of the two extreme attendance groups, mainly faceto-face and respectively mainly taped lectures.
UML 2 Activity and Action Models, Part 2

This is the second in a series introducing the activity model in the Unified Modeling Language, version 2 (UML 2), and how it integrates with the action model [1]. The first article covered motivation and architecture for the new models, basic aspects of UML 2 activities and actions, and introduced the general notion of behavior in UML 2 [2]. The remainder of the series elaborates specific elements in the model. This article recaps behavior models in UML and the role of actions in them. It covers the execution characteristics of actions in general, which inherit to the many kinds of actions provided in UML 2. It also covers additional characteristics of actions that invoke behaviors.
Optimal DSP memory layout generation as a quadratic assignment problem

Modern digital signal processors (DSPs) provide dedicated memory address generation units (AGUs) which can operate in parallel to other functional units. This allows address computation concurrently with other machine operations. However, maximum parallelism can only be achieved by taking advantage of indirect addressing modes with auto-modify and module operations. This requires optimized placement of program variables in the memory. In this paper, we present a novel procedure for generating optimized DSP memory layouts. Previously proposed algorithms are optimized only with respect to the specific case of auto-increment and decrement by 1 and do not support module addressing. We use a more general AGU model which is consistent with contemporary DSPs. For this model, optimal memory layout generation can be formulated as a quadratic assignment problem (QAP). The QAP is NP-hard but there are efficient heuristics leading to near-optimal solutions within short time. It is verified by experimental results that our approach achieves significant improvements over existing techniques.
Multimedia and Problem-Based Instruction in the Textiles Laboratory

Historically, textile laboratory content has been delivered via a traditional approach called expository instruction and was designed to allow large numbers of students to perform activities simultaneously within a short time. An innovative learning method, problem-based learning (PBL), has been successful in teaching non-biological sciences. Evidence suggests multimedia learning environments facilitate the development of independent, self-regulated thinking. To evaluate the potential for PBL and multimedia as instructional strategies in the textile laboratory, a 2X2 factorial design with a quasi-experimental approach was used. One factor, at two levels, was the use and non-use of multimedia laboratory materials; the second, at two levels, was the instructional approach, PBL and expository. A total of 155 students in four sections participated for a total of eight sections across two semesters. Based on mean section grade point averages, the two treatments (PBL and multimedia) had a positive effect.
A nonconnectionist schema theory of understanding surprise‐ending stories

This paper compares two different ways of thinking about mental schemas that people use to comprehend and remember discourse. A parallel distributed processing (PDP) schema theory postulates that knowledge schemas are stored as connection weight patterns among units in an associative network. A nonconnectionist biofunctional schema theory, on the other hand, assumes that the brain stores no connection information. All knowledge is live knowledge created by the ongoing activity of the brain. Distributed constellations of specialized brain microsystems create and uphold schemas much in the same way, by analogy, that burning constellations of color‐coded light bulbs create and uphold colorful patterns of light. Three experiments are reported testing the predictions of the two theories using surprise‐ending stories, which have the special property of permitting two alternative interpretations of the same physical text. PDP schema theory implies that the two interpretations are built on two separate sets of un.
Multilevel voltage wave-shaping display driver for AC plasma display panel application

A new sustainer circuit with multilevel voltage wave-shaping characteristics for an AC plasma display panel (AC-PDP) drive is proposed. The proposed circuit features half the device voltage stresses and significantly reduced power losses compared with those of the conventional ones. This circuit, realizable without much increased cost of the semiconductor devices, gives a significant improvement in the power efficiency, essential for the design of a drive circuit for the AC-PDP. A comparative analysis and experimental results are presented to show the validity of the proposed sustainer circuit.
GMLearn: an iterative learning algorithm for CMOS gate matrix layout

An iterative CMOS gate matrix layout algorithm utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) learning techniques is presented. This GMLearn algorithm features a rudimentary learning mechanism which improves the quality of a gate matrix layout through the repetitive application of a one-pass algorithm GMPlan, developed by the authors. Two AI learning paradigms-rote learning and learning by parameter adjustment-are used in GMLearn to modify the heuristic search parameters based on information of the previous solution. Preliminary results indicate that this novel algorithm is able to produce a high-quality gate matrix layout in only a few iterations. This method may be applicable to other combinatorial VLSI physical design problems where heuristic guided search is required. <<ETX>>
Storage of electrons in aqueous solution: the rates of chemical charging and discharging the colloidal silver microelectrode

Der Elektronentransfer von Me2COH-Radikalen (durch γ-Bestrahlung einer Aceton + Propanol-(2)-haltigen Losung) auf kolloidale Ag-Teilchen und die Reduktion von H2O durch die an den Ag-Teilchen gespeicherten Elektronen werden mit Hilfe konduktometrischer Methoden untersucht.
ASALBP: the alternative subgraphs assembly line balancing problem

Assembly line balancing problems basically consist of assigning a set of tasks to a group of workstations while maintaining the tasks’ precedence relations, which are represented by a predetermined precedence graph. However, one or more parts of a product's assembly process may admit alternative precedence subgraphs, which represent possible assembly variants. In general, because of the great difficulty of the problem and the impossibility of representing alternative subgraphs in a precedence graph, the system designer will decide to select, a priori, one of such alternative subgraphs. This paper presents, characterizes and formulates a new general assembly line balancing problem with practical relevance: the alternative subgraphs assembly line balancing problem (ASALBP). Its novel characteristic is that it considers the possibility of having alternative assembly subgraphs, with the processing times and/or the precedence relations of certain tasks dependent on the assembly subgraph selected. Therefore, solving this problem implies simultaneously selecting an assembly subgraph for each part of the assembly that allows alternatives and balancing the line. The potentially positive effects of this on the solution of the problem are shown in a numerical example. Finally, a simple mathematical programming model is described and the results of a brief computational experiment are presented.
Stability analysis for communication of voice and data terminals with packet reservation multiple access protocol using state estimation

This paper concerns stability analysis for the packet reservation multiple access (PRMA) protocol extendable for mobile satellite systems (MSSs). This protocol has been widely considered for providing speech and data communications in a terrestrial microcell system. Recently modified versions of the PRMA protocol have been subject of extensive research, with goal of application to low earth orbit mobile satellite systems (LEO-MSSs). These systems are expected to play a significant role in providing communication services to users around the world. The bistable behavior of PRMA protocol for traffic with voice and data sources is investigated, and bifurcations of equilibrium points when control parameters change are determined. A bifurcation control scheme using state estimation is proposed to increase capacity of PRMA protocol, defined as number of simultaneous users within the system. By using Markov analysis, it is shown that adaptively controlled system has a unique probability distribution function. Next, by using equilibrium point analysis (EPA) it is shown that the system possesses a unique equilibrium point. Finally, a brief discussion concerning the extension of proposed bifurcation control scheme to PRMA protocol over a random packet error channel is also provided.
The effect of the ‘code of the street’ on street violence: Challenges for crime prevention

The paper investigates the extent to which street violence in the United Kingdom can be explained by a ‘code of the street’ of the kind described by Anderson in his classic study of crime in the inner-city suburbs of Philadelphia. It draws on research conducted by the authors as part of an ESRC (Economic and Social Research Council) project on violent street crime. The accounts of individual offences committed by over 100 street offenders indicate behaviour consistent with the idea of a behavioural code. In particular, offenders described the need to punish disrespect, to express violence overtly to avoid victimisation, to show self-reliance in resolving disputes and to maintain a frightening and formidable reputation. The implications of the existence of such a code for crime prevention are discussed. The study concludes that traditional methods of prevention based on surveillance and technology might be limited and something might be gained by looking at more innovative social and cultural approaches.
Social Networking Sites in Thailand: motives and predictors of university students' behaviours

Social Networking Sites (SNSs) have evolved dramatically as tools of online communication with capabilities of mass and interpersonal communication altogether. This study serves two purposes: a) to discover the reasons why people use SNSs; b) to investigate the relationships of how motives for using SNSs influenced their usage. Factor analysis generated a four-motive structure as the reasons for using SNSs: to develop new friendship, to maintain relationship, to pass time and to comply with peer pressure. Relationship maintenance was a strong predictor of how long participants had used SNSs, whereas new friendship and passing time positively predicted how much time participants spent on SNSs.
Understanding molecular simulation: from algorithms to applications

Second and revised edition Understanding Molecular Simulation: From Algorithms to Applications explains the physics behind the "recipes" of molecular simulation for materials science. Computer simulators are continuously confronted with questions concerning the choice of a particular technique for a given application. A wide variety of tools exist, so the choice of technique requires a good understanding of the basic principles. More importantly, such understanding may greatly improve the efficiency of a simulation program. The implementation of simulation methods is illustrated in pseudocodes and their practical use in the case studies used in the text. Since the first edition only five years ago, the simulation world has changed significantly -- current techniques have matured and new ones have appeared. This new edition deals with these new developments; in particular, there are sections on: · Transition path sampling and diffusive barrier crossing to simulaterare events · Dissipative particle dynamic as a course-grained simulation technique · Novel schemes to compute the long-ranged forces · Hamiltonian and non-Hamiltonian dynamics in the context constant-temperature and constant-pressure molecular dynamics simulations · Multiple-time step algorithms as an alternative for constraints · Defects in solids · The pruned-enriched Rosenbluth sampling, recoil-growth, and concerted rotations for complex molecules · Parallel tempering for glassy Hamiltonians Examples are included that highlight current applications and the codes of case studies are available on the World Wide Web. Several new examples have been added since the first edition to illustrate recent applications. Questions are included in this new edition. No prior knowledge of computer simulation is assumed.
Numerical Investigation of Internal Crossflow Film Cooling

A full-3D unstructured solver is applied for the investigation of the physics involved in the flow of modern film cooling devices. The numerical simulation is based on a TVD upwind finite volume method that exploits the implicit time-marching approach. A conventional two equations eddy viscosity closure is considered for the turbulent flow field without wall-functions. The present application aims to investigate and discuss the flow field physics as obtained from a numerical RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) simulation comparing different cooling duct systems devices. The CFD outcome is discussed against experiments considering the discharge coefficient as a means to quantify the accuracy of the numerical simulation. Particular attention is focused on the geometrical discretization, on the grid characteristics and on the capabilities of CFD for an efficient and realistic modelling of the flow field. The basic features of the film cooling technique are addressed considering the experimental test configurations investigated by Karlsruhe University for cylindrical, fanshaped and laid back fan shaped configurations with cross/parallel flows arrangement.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Early introduction of software metrics

Most currently used metrics concentrate on the latter stages of development-coding and testing. The author proposes a shift in focus toward using metrics during the high-payoff phases of software development-requirements definition and design. A general methodology that can assist the software manager and developer in creating an effective software metrics program is offered. This will increase understanding and improvement of the software development process at an early stage in the software life cycle. It is noted that early use of software metrics will allow the manager to spend more time on error prevention and less on error correction. This should yield cost and time savings, and an improvement in software product quality. <<ETX>>
Keyed/Unkeyed RIPEMD-128, 192, 256

One-way hash functions are useful tool for digital fingerprint of message, message authentication, and key derivation etc. Dobbertin and Bosselaers's RIPEMD160 [I] was developed in the framework of the EU project. In this paper, we first propose an adaption from RIPEMD-160 to RIPEMD-128, 192, 256 (RIPEMD-X) for providing an alternative length for some applications, such as the input key length of AES. Further-more, due to the progress in cryptanalysis and computing capability [2]. we propose a strengthened keyed/unkeyed RIPEMD-X with changeable parameters, a more safety and flexible one-way function. Our research method is using hash table to substitute RIPEMD-X initial parameters flexibly. Therefore, we can use parameters flexibly and collision free, as a result, it increases security by permuting parameters.
Synchronization for systems with antenna diversity

This paper deals with the synchronization of systems with frequency domain signal processing and antenna diversity. The results can be applied for both, single carrier transmission with frequency domain equalization (FDE) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). For the considered systems, carrier frequency and temporal position of the FFT (fast Fourier transform) window have to be synchronized. A synchronization concept for systems with antenna diversity is presented which uses one pilot FFT symbol per transmission frame. The pilot FFT symbol consists of two periods of a chirp signal.
The practice of social research

Part I: AN INTRODUCTION TO INQUIRY. 1. Human Inquiry and Science. 2. Paradigms, Theory, and Social Research. 3. The Ethics and Politics of Social Research. Part II: THE STRUCTURING OF INQUIRY: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE. 4. Research Design. 5. Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Measurement. 6. Indexes, Scales, and Typologies. 7. The Logic of Sampling. Part III: MODES OF OPERATION: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE. 8. Experiments. 9. Survey Research. 10. Qualitative Field Research. 11. Unobtrusive Research. 12. Evaluation Research. Part IV: ANALYSIS OF DATA: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE. 13. Qualitative Data Analysis. 14. Quantitative Data Analysis. 15. The Logic of Multivariate Analysis. 16. Statistical Analyses. 17. Reading and Writing Social Research. APPENDICES. A. Using the Library. B. GSS Household Enumeration Questionnaire. C. Random Numbers. D. Distribution of Chi Square. E. Normal Curve Areas. F. Estimated Sampling Error. Preface. Acknowledgments.