Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Late Cretaceous to Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera and Stratigraphy of the Leg 15 Sites in the Caribbean Sea

The major aims of Leg 15 of DSDP — to drill down to acoustic basement in as many sites as possible and to attempt to recover a complete sedimentary succession — were both successfully fulfilled. The present report covers the older part of the sedimentary succession recovered during this leg, with special reference to its foraminiferal content. Only the six sites where the Late Eocene to latest Turonian sediments were recovered have been considered in this report (see Figure 1). The cores recovered from Sites 146 and 149 together form a more or less complete succession of Late Turonian to Late Eocene. Problems concerning the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, selective solution at depths, and the variations in the sedimentation rates are dealt with. The shipboard work on foraminifera of Sites 146 to 154 was carried out jointly by both authors irrespective of the age of penetrated strata. For the preparation of this initial report, however, the part of Cretaceous to Late Eocene was studied and written largely by Premoli Silva, that on Oligocene to Recent by Bolli. The foraminiferal specimens figured on Plates 4 to 10 are deposited at the Natural History Museum, Basel, under the numbers C-29458 to C-29498.
Financial Differences and Business Cycle Co‐Movements in a Currency Area

I propose a unitary framework to interpret the links between differences in financial structures and the monetary policy regimes on the one hand, and the correlation of business cycles on the other. Using a two-country micro-founded model with financial frictions I predict that a greater financial diversity should reduce cyclical correlation under a given monetary regime, and that moving from independent monetary policies to a hard peg or a common currency should increase it, for any given degree of financial diversity. I use the recent experience of EMU to test these ideas, and show that my model explains reasonably well the broad patterns of business cycle correlation observed recently among the main euro area countries.
Drought termination

There are numerous anecdotal examples of drought terminations documented throughout the historical record on most continents. The end of a drought is the critical time during which water resource managers urgently require information on the replenishment of supplies. Yet this phase has been relatively neglected by the academic community, with much of the existing body of research on drought termination assessing the likelihood of droughts ending rather than its temporal profile. In particular, there has been little effort to characterise drought termination events themselves. This is partly explained by existing definitions of drought termination as a specific point in time when drought is considered to have finished, rather than a more holistic consideration based on approaches developed within biological sciences. There is also a lack of understanding about how drought termination propagates through the hydrological cycle. This paper specifically examines and reviews available research on drought termination, highlighting limitations associated with current definitions and offering suggestions for characterising the temporal stages of drought. An alternative definition of drought termination is proposed: a period between the maximum negative anomaly and a return to above-average conditions. Once this phase has been delineated, the duration, rate and seasonality of drought termination can be derived. The utility of these metrics is illustrated through a case study of the 2010–2012 drought in the UK, and the propagation of drought termination between river flows and groundwater levels.
Estimating wave orbital velocity through the azimuth cutoff from space‐borne satellites

It has been long accepted that ocean wave conditions recorded from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) aboard satellites resolve large scale swells. SARs make use of its displacement to achieve fine resolution; however the random surface motions can reduce its nominal azimuthal resolution. Accordingly, the SAR spectral azimuth response mirrors the probability distribution of the radial velocity component of the scatters. This effect, quantified in a measure called the azimuth cutoff, is estimated by defining a scale based on the fitting of a Gaussian function to the radar cross section azimuth spectrum. The independent measure provides additional sea state information related to the root mean square surface orbital wave velocity. We use data recorded from the European Space Agency's ENVISAT advanced SAR in the C-band spanning its lifetime 2003-2012. Our purpose is to first establish the validity of the azimuth cutoff using both colocated buoys and modeled wave data. Some systematic biases are corrected using other SAR derived parameters, improving the accuracy of the estimate. Despite our efforts, errors exist in the presence of swell, extreme wind waves, and related to the wave direction. Under the majority of the sea states the parameter is well behaved. As a final point, applications using the wave orbital velocities are described in terms of diagnosing a spectral wave model and the wave climate. As illustrated, the returned radar signal provides useful sea state information that resolves wind speeds, wave orbital velocities from the wind waves, and swells.
Active Layer Optimization for IMPATT Diode with Double Avalanche Region

The analysis and optimization of the npvnp avalanche diode structure that includes two avalanche regions have been realized on basis of the nonlinear model. The phase delay which was produced by means of the two avalanche regions and the drift region v is sufficient to obtain the negative resistance for the wide frequency band. The admittance and energy characteristics of the DAR diode were analyzed in very wide frequency band from 30 up to 340 GHz. Output power level was optimized for the second frequency band near the 220 GHz.
Microbiological profile in Serra ewes' cheese during ripening

The microflora of Serra cheese was monitored during a 35 d ripening period at three different periods within the ewe's lactation season. After 7 d ripening, the numbers of micro-organisms reached their maximum, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coliforms were the predominant groups. Pseudomonads were not detected after 1 week of ripening. At all stages of ripening, cheeses manufactured in spring exhibited the lowest numbers of LAB and yeasts, whereas cheeses manufactured in winter showed the lowest numbers of coliforms and staphylococci. Leuconostoc lactis was the most abundant LAB found in Serra cheese whereas Enterococcus faecium and Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis exhibited the highest decrease in percentage composition. Numbers of both Leuc. mesenteroides and Lactobacillus paracasei tended to increase throughout ripening. The most abundant coliform was Hafnia alvei. Klebsiella oxytoca was found in curd but declined in number during ripening. Staphylococcal flora of curd was mainly composed of Staphylococcus xylosus, Staph. aureus and Staph. epidermidis. Staphylococcus xylosus was the major species found at the end of ripening. Pseudomonas fluorescens, was the only Pseudomonas species isolated from the curd. Although a broad spectrum of yeasts were found in Serra cheese, Sporobolomyces roseus was the most abundant yeast isolated.
Cowpea Growth and Yield Components as Affected by Drought and Pk Soil Fertilization

Pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre, Shalakan, Kalubia Governorate, during the summer seasons to evaluate the effect of PK fertilizers on growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) plants growth under drought through two stage of growth compared to plants irrigated regularly. Subjected cowpea plants to shortage of water by withholding of water at 35 days from sowing pronouncedly decreased plant height, number of leaves and fresh weight of stem, leaves and whole plants. Delaying drought to 70 days after sowing affected those mentioned characters but with lesser degrees. All fertilizing treatments increased the measured growth parameters in comparison with that irrigated regularly. Generally, the highest values of plant height, no of leaves no of cops and fresh weight of stem, leaves and whole plant. Addition of K1 in corporation with P1 increased plant height but when doses increased to P2K2 did not exert any effects. The reverse was true for fresh weight of leaves. Meanwhile, the no of leaves and cops and fresh weight of shoots as well as whole plant show positive response and synergistic effects with the increase in P and K doses. P1K1 increased the above mentioned criteria by 40.57, 48.23, 33.40, 42.36 and 37.87 % and P2K2 increased it by 50.29, 78.68, 59.99, 62.93 and 61.46 % respectively, compared to that of unfertilized plants. The increment in stem, leaves and whole plants can be illustrated as a result of: P1K1<P1K2< P2K1<P2K2 under the different irrigation treatments. The positive effects of P and K fertilizers were more under normal irrigation than stress treatments in plant height, number of leaves and stem, leaves and whole plants followed by that under D2. The lowest were by D1 except number of leaves which the lower were under D2.
Functional group composition of ambient and source organic aerosols determined by tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract. The functional group composition of various organic aerosols (OA) is investigated using a recently developed analytical approach based on atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (APCI-MS/MS). The determinations of three functional groups contents are performed quantitatively by neutral loss (carboxylic and carbonyl groups, R-COOH and R-CO-R´ respectively) and precursor ion (nitro groups, R-NO2) scanning modes of a tandem mass spectrometer. Major organic aerosol sources are studied: vehicular emission and wood combustion for primary aerosol sources; and a secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced through photooxidation of o-xylene. The results reveal significant differences in the functional group contents of these source aerosols. The laboratory generated SOA is dominated by carbonyls while carboxylics are preponderate in the wood combustion particles. On the other hand, vehicular emissions are characterised by a strong nitro content. The total amount of the three functional groups accounts for 1.7% (vehicular) to 13.5% (o-xylene photooxidation) of the organic carbon. Diagnostic functional group ratios are then used to tentatively discriminate sources of particles collected in an urban background environment located in an Alpine valley (Chamonix, France) during a strong winter pollution event. The three functional groups under study account for a total functionalisation rate of 2.2 to 3.8% of the organic carbon in this ambient aerosol, which is also dominated by carboxylic moieties. In this particular case study of a deep alpine valley during winter, we show that the nitro- and carbonyl-to-carboxylic diagnostic ratios can be a useful tool to discriminate sources. In these conditions, the total OA concentrations are highly dominated by wood combustion OA. This result is confirmed by an organic markers source apportionment approach which assess a wood burning organic carbon contribution of about 60%. Finally, examples of functional group mass spectra of all aerosols under study are presented, and additional perspectives offered by the mass spectra in terms of OA characterisation are discussed.
Structural and Functional Characteristics of a Soluble Form of Endoglin in the Context of Preeclampsia

Endoglin is an auxiliary receptor for ligands of TGF-β receptor superfamily. It is an integral membrane protein highly expressed in the vascular endothelium. It is also present in the placental syncytiotrophoblast layer, and up-regulated during pregnancy. The expression of membrane endoglin (mEng) is further increased in the placenta during preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific hypertensive syndrome. We hypothesize that the soluble form of endoglin (sEng) released from the placenta leads to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension by disrupting normal BMP-9 signaling. We first analyze the ligand specificity of mEng by comparing endoglin-deficient and normal endothelial cells. We show that the presence of mEng at the cell surface inhibits TGF-β1, BMP-2, and BMP-7 induced Smad1,5,8 phosphorylation while potentiating BMP-9 induced signaling. sEng has been shown to be elevated in the sera of preeclamptic women several weeks before the onset of clinical signs of preeclampsia and is postulated to interfere with endothelial cell function. We engineered a soluble form of sEng for both structural and functional studies. We show that sEng binds to BMP-9 with a 2 nM affinity, much higher than observed for other ligands. We also show that sEng can compete for BMP-9 binding to endothelial cells, resulting in inhibition of downstream Smad1,5,8 phosphorylation. Our results suggest that sEng is contributing to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension by dysregulating BMP-9 signaling in the maternal vasculature.
Flexible body with drag independent of the flow velocity

Abstract The drag of a rigid object is expected to increase with flow velocity. For wide ranges of velocities commonly encountered, the drag increases as the square of the relative velocity of the fluid. This strong dependence of the load on the velocity accounts for specific survival strategies adopted by passive living systems such as plants in wind or algae in marine environments: through elastic reconfiguration, the drag on plants is reduced when compared to a rigid configuration and the velocity exponent for the drag is typically found to be between 1 and 1.5. In this work, a membrane configuration is presented that exhibits a drag force that is almost independent of the free-stream velocity. This surprising result is shown to be remarkably robust as it is experimentally observed for a range of geometries. This study opens the way for the design of devices subjected to a drag that is independent of the flow velocity. This possibility constitutes a key point in various fields involving flexible structures that are towed or subjected to wind.
Understanding Intergenerational Transmission of Fertility over Three Generations – Socialization of Fertility Preferences or Transmission of Socioeconomic Traits ?

A number of studies have documented consistent patterns of intergenerational transmission of fertility. The reason why children replicate the family size of their parents has however seldom been extensively covered. The goal of this study is to examine if socialized values on family size explain observed fertility associations or if they rather are a result of continuities in socioeconomic traits. Swedish registry data on childbearing histories, demographic events and socioeconomic can be used to disentangle the various possible explanations of observed fertility continuities. Data is collected for the Swedish 1970-1982 cohorts who are linked with parents and grandparents. Event history models are used in which young men’s and women’s childbearing histories are studied with covariates on own and parental and grandparental characteristics. Results show that some of the associations can be explained by continuities in education and socioeconomic status but that the primary explanation appear to be explained by transmission of values and preferences on family size. 1 martin.kolk@sociology.su. se
Pathophysiological and Immunological Characteristics of Soybean Meal-Induced Enteropathy in Salmon: Contribution of Recent Molecular Investigations

Full-fat and defatted (hexane-extracted) soybean meal (SBM) in formulated feeds cause an inflammatory response in the distal intestine of all salmonids tested to date. The condition has been described as a non-infectious, subacute enteritis and apparently resolves only when SBM is removed from the diet. The signs include reduced weight gain, nutrient malabsorption, and diarrhea. The afflicted distal intestinal tissue has reduced function, as reflected by decreased brush border digestive enzyme activity and nutrient transport. Histomorhological investigations reveal shortening of the primary and secondary mucosal folds with a widening of the central stroma (lamina propria) and submucosa, shortened microvilli of the brush border membrane, increased formation of microvillar vesicles, and a dramatic decrease or even absence of the normal supranuclear absorptive vacuoles in the enterocytes. The lamina propria is widened with a profound infiltration of a mixed population of inflammatory cells such as T lymphocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes, cells of monocytic lineage including macrophages, eosinophilic granular cells, and diffuse IgM. Recent RNA expression studies indicate that pro-inflammatory cytokines and other signaling and regulatory factors involved in recruitment and activation of T cells and other immune cells, and factors involved in maintenance of normal mucosal integrity, were differentially expressed during the development of the enteropathy. The involvement of saponins, lectins, trypsin inhibitors, soy antigens and/or commensal microorganisms has been suggested. Various processing methods and feed additives may aid in modulation the inflammatory response and show some promise in allowing the use of standard SBM qualities in salmonid feeds without infringing on fish health and welfare.
A MULTI‐GENE MOLECULAR INVESTIGATION OF THE KELP (LAMINARIALES, PHAEOPHYCEAE) SUPPORTS SUBSTANTIAL TAXONOMIC RE‐ORGANIZATION 1

Every year numerous ecological, biochemical, and physiological studies are performed using members of the order Laminariales. Despite the fact that kelp are some of the most intensely studied macroalgae in the world, there is significant debate over the classification within and among the three “derived” families, the Alariaceae, Laminariaceae, and Lessoniaceae (ALL). Molecular phylogenies published for the ALL families have generated hypotheses strongly at odds with the current morphological taxonomy; however, conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses and consistently low levels of support realized in all of these studies have resulted in conservative approaches to taxonomic revisions. In order to resolve relationships within this group we have sequenced over 6000 bp from regions in the nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial genomes and included 42 taxa in Bayesian, neighbor‐joining, and parsimony analyses. The result is the first comprehensive and well‐supported molecular phylogeny for the ALL complex of the Laminariales. We maintain the three recognized families (Alariaceae, Laminariaceae, and Lessoniaceae), but with vastly different compositions, as well as propose the Costariaceae fam. nov. for Agarum, Costaria, Dictyoneurum, and Thalassiophyllum, the only genera in the Laminariales with flattened, occasionally terete, stipes and either a perforate or reticulate blade. In addition, our data strongly support a split of the genus Laminaria. We resurrect the genus Saccharina Stackhouse for the Laminaria clade that does not contain L. digitata (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux, the type of the genus.
Efficacy evaluation of treatment for children with refractory renal tumor

Background and Objectives: The treatment for refractory renal tumor is still not satisfactory. The authors analyzed retrospectively their experience in the treatment of refractory renal tumor diagnosed from 2009 to 2014. Methods: A retrospective study of 28 patients with refractory renal tumor confirmed by pathology was analyzed in our center. The clinical characteristics of patients were illustrated and the efficacy of two different chemotherapy regimens was compared. Results: Among the 28 patients suffered with refractory renal tumor, 17 patients survived out of 28 patients. Eleven patients died, and nine of them died of disease relapse or progression. Pathology, extent of surgery and chemotherapy regimen were closely associated with 3-year overall survival (OS) and 3-year progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, pathology type and chemotherapy regimen had further impact on prognosis. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 84.4% for patients with UH-1 regimen and 48.6% for patients with WT-2009 regimen, respectively (P=0.026). The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 67% and 45%, respectively (P=0.048). The3-year survival rate appeared to be better in the UH-1 group than that in the WT-2009 group. Conclusion: Refractory renal tumor treatment outcome is reasonable but still needs further improvement. Selection of UH-1 regimen effectively improves the survival rate, though longer follow-up observation for safety is still needed.
LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN MHC-LINKED MICROSATELLITE LOCI IN WHITE KARAMAN, AWASSI AND MERINOLANDSCHAF SHEEP BREEDS

The purpose of this study was to examine the presence of linkage disequilibrium between nine microsatellite loci in and out of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) as a description of population structure in White Karaman, Awassi and Merinolandschaf sheep populations. Of the 108 pairwise comparisons a significant linkage disequilibrium was observed between six and seven loci pair after exact test and pooling, respectively. Only two and three of the significant deviations were present between MHC-linked loci. The results indicated that the populations analyzed in this study were mostly in equilibrium and that selection did not play a major role to maintain the linkage disequilibrium between MHC-linked loci in the populations studied.
A Microspatial Analysis of Robbery: Prospective Hot Spotting in a Small City

With the greater availability of crime data geocoded to the incident level and the general accessibility of the tools for spatial analysis, it has become possible to complete successful microspatial analysis of crime. Robbery is a crime uniquely suited to this type of study. It is a volume crime committed with both instrumental and expressive motivations. Further, most robberies (even those occurring consonant with other illegal activity) tend to get rapidly reported to the police. All robberies reported to the police in a small city over a four-year period were geocoded and a firstand second-order spatial analysis identified hot spots. These hot spots were analyzed for accuracy and predictive accuracy using the Predictive Accuracy Index. Implications for crime control strategy are discussed. S robbery is unique in that the targets (people) are frequently mobile rather than static as in the case of burglary where the target is typically stationary. Robbery is also a crime with a high enough volume (36% of all violent crime) to both make applied research useful to public safety and without encountering some of the problems of studying more rare crimes such as rape (6% of all violent crime) or homicide (1.5% of all violent crime). And unlike aggravated assault (56.6% of violent crime), robbery is much more likely to represent the intentional, rational behavior of the motivated offender. These figures are based on an analysis of official Uniform Crime Reports data for the period 1960 through 2007 (Bureau of Justice Statistics (website), n.d. ) Sherman (1992) noted that because robbery is such a significant proportion of all violent crime it is easier to predict by place. It is a volume crime, occurring with enough frequency to make it amenable to statistical and spatial analysis. Sherman, Gartin, and Buerger (1989), analyzed police calls in 1986 in Minneapolis and found that only three percent of the places produced fifty percent of the calls. Robbery tends to cluster in a limited number of places making it particularly useful in the study of hot spot analysis. In this context, robbery is an ideal crime type for the study of routine activities theory (Cohen & Felson, 1979; Groff, 2007; 2008). Of necessity, the robber engages in specific wayfinding behavior (Golledge, 1999) that is designed to bring him in contact with potential targets. Wayfinding behavior