Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[First continuous nerve monitoring in thyroid gland surgery].

UNLABELLED A new "all in one" sensing device was developed for continuous transtracheal intraoperative monitoring and in situ detection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroid surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS The new system is based on a double-balloon endotracheal tube with integrated atraumatic stimulating and tracing electrodes. The recurrent laryngeal nerve is stimulated transtracheally and compound action potentials are recorded from the laryngeal muscles. Fifty-five patients were introduced into a phase-one clinical trial. Thirty-five patients with primary thyroid operations, 20 patients with reoperations, 10 of whom had neck dissections. All patients were evaluated laryngoscopically and phoniatrically by an ENT specialist before and after surgery. RESULTS Compound muscle action potentials were recorded continuously during the whole operation and responded sensitively to tension and pressure to the nerve. There were no accidental permanent RLN palsies. CONCLUSION The new system offers five advantages: (1) it is atraumatic; (2) it is easy to use; (3) it can monitor continuously with an audio feedback to the surgeon; (4) it works outside the operation field; and (5) it is highly sensitive, even indicating reversible irritation to the nerve.
Pilocarpine treatment in a mixed cohort of xerostomic patients.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of a single 5-mg dose of pilocarpine hydrochloride on the salivary flow rate in three groups of xerostomic patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty-five patients were divided into three groups according to the etiology of their xerostomia: (i) radiotherapy; (ii) Sjögren's syndrome; and (iii) sialosis and xerogenic medications. Following the oral administration of a 5-mg pilocarpine hydrochloride tablet blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and saliva secretion rates were monitored hourly for 3 h and adverse events were reported. RESULTS The most significant and persistent elevation of salivary flow rate was observed in the sialosis/drug-induced group followed by the Sjögren's syndrome group. The radiotherapy group presented a significant elevation of salivary secretion rate after 1 and 2 h, but returned to baseline at 3 h. No significant changes in vital signs were reported, except for low diastolic pressure measured at 1 h in the radiotherapy group. Several adverse events were recorded throughout the trial; however, only one patient withdrew from the study. CONCLUSION Treatment with pilocarpine hydrochloride tablets may improve saliva secretion in patients taking xerogenic medications and/or suffering from metabolic sialosis expanding the beneficial potential of this sialogogue.
Strengthening mechanism of age-hardenable Al–xMg–3Zn alloys

ABSTRACT The addition of 3 wt-% Zn to the traditional Al–Mg alloy doubled its strength. To understand the strengthening mechanism, the enhancement in strength with the variation in Mg content was studied. The grain boundary and solid solution strengthening decrease with the reduction in the Mg content; however, their contributions to the yield strength are insignificant. The contribution of precipitation strengthening to the yield strength is more than 80%; however, due to the unchanged precipitate characteristics, the strengthening effect changes slightly with the variation in the Mg content. The reduction in strength is primarily due to Mg solid solution strengthening. The variation in the ductility of Al–Mg–Zn alloys was studied by fracture analysis.
Brief Maternal Depression Screening at Well-Child Visits

OBJECTIVES. The goals were (1) to determine the feasibility and yield of maternal depression screening during all well-child visits, (2) to understand how pediatricians and mothers respond to depression screening information, and (3) to assess the time required for discussion of screening results. METHODS. Implementation of brief depression screening of mothers at well-child visits for children of all ages was studied in 3 rural pediatric practices. Two screening trials introduced screening (1 month) and then determined whether screening could be sustained (6 months). Screening used the 2-question Patient Health Questionnaire. Practices tracked the proportions of visits screened and provided data about the screening process. RESULTS. Practices were able to screen in the majority of well-child visits (74% in trial 1 and 67% in trial 2). Of 1398 mothers screened, 17% had 1 of the depressive symptoms and 6% (n = 88) scored as being at risk for a major depressive disorder. During discussion, 5.7% of all mothers thought they might be depressed and 4.7% thought they were stressed but not depressed. Pediatric clinicians intervened with 62.4% of mothers who screened positive and 38.2% of mothers with lesser symptoms. Pediatrician actions included discussion of the impact on the child, a follow-up visit or call, and referral to an adult primary care provider, a mental health clinician, or community supports. Pediatrician time needed to discuss screening results decreased in the second trial. Prolonged discussion time was uncommon (5–10 minutes in 3% of all well-child visits and >10 minutes in 2%). CONCLUSIONS. Routine, brief, maternal depression screening conducted during well-child visits was feasible and detected mothers who were willing to discuss depression and stress issues with their pediatrician. The discussion after screening revealed additional mothers who felt depressed among those with lesser symptoms. The additional discussion time was usually brief and resulted in specific pediatrician actions.
Lymphatic Drainage Patterns of the Human Eyelid: Assessed by Lymphoscintigraphy

Purpose: To describe the lymphatic drainage patterns of the human eyelids. Methods: Twenty-eight consenting patients who underwent unilateral eyelid surgery at McMaster University between March 2001 and July 2003 had their contralateral eyelids injected with 0.2 ml (0.250 mCi) of Tc 99 m sulphur colloid. The patients were divided into 1 of 5 injection sites of the eyelid, namely upper lateral, upper medial, medial canthus, lower medial, and lower lateral. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed between 2 and 6 hours later with a conventional planar gamma camera. Nodes in the head and neck were identified. In 15 patients, the right eye was injected, and in 13 patients, the left eye was injected. Results: Three patients had no nodes that were identifiable. The remaining 25 patients had at least one node identified. In 11 patients, more than one node was identified. In 18 patients, the preauricular node was most intense and recognized first. Regardless of location on the eyelid, the sentinel node was most commonly the preauricular node. Conclusions: These results conflict with previously described classic drainage patterns of the eyelid lymphatics. In 72% (18/25) of cases, the first-order sentinel node was the preauricular node, regardless of location of the injection site on the eyelid. Many individuals did not fit the classic drainage patterns.
Screening of Rice Genotypes for Resistance to Brown Plant Hopper Biotype 4 and Detection of BPH Resistance Genes Sri

Brown plant hopper [Nilaparvata lugens (Stål.)] is one of the most destructive pests of rice, which causes significant yield losses worldwide. Identification of resistant varieties is very important as the biotypes of the pest is changing its behaviour from time to time and the earlier released resistant rice varieties showing susceptibility to the pest. Identification of new sources of resistance and verification of resistance reaction of already reported donors is very important Field screening was carried out in 20 rice genotypes following standard evaluation system (IRRI, 1992). Further these genotypes were screened by standard seed box screening technique (SSST), honey dew test and nymphal survival test in the greenhouse in order to confirm the resistance and susceptibility. During screening, TN1 and PTB33 were used as susceptible and resistant checks, respectively. The results of field screening and SSST showed low BPH damage score (3.0) in BM71, ACC5098, ACC2398, MTU1001, Rathuheenathi. In addition, honeydew excretion test was carried to know the preference or non-preference of insect. Nymphal survival, nymphal duration, % male population, wing dimorphism studies helped to know the antibiosis mechanism of resistance. Low honeydew excretion and low nymphal survival rate was observed in BM71, ACC5098 and Rathuheenathi reflecting non-preference feeding behaviour and antibiosis mechanism of resistance, respectively. Molecular studies were taken up in these lines using reported gene linked markers of major BPH resistance genes and found more than one BPH resistance genes in each resistant genotype. These lines were used as donors in rice breeding programme to develop BPH resistant varieties. 
Combined Effect of Goal Setting and Self-Talk in Performance of a Soccer-Shooting Task

To examine the combined effect of goal setting and self-talk, 41 professional and semiprofessional soccer players from four different teams were tested on a soccer-shooting task. Teams were assigned to one of four conditions: (a) self-talk, (b) goal setting, (c) goal setting plus self-talk, and (d) do your best control. Subjects performed one baseline measurement and three experimental sessions. Analysis showed that performance, compared to the do your best condition, in the combined condition is immediately enhanced, whereas self-talk and goal-setting effects were significant from Session 3. No significant differences in performance were observed among experimental groups, except in Session 2, during which the combined group scored significantly better than the goal-setting group. It seems that, whereas both goal setting and self-talk are effective in enhancing performance, some advantage may be derived from a combined intervention. Findings are discussed in the perspective of past research efforts on goal setting and self-talk.
Comparison of Laparoscopic and Open Aortobifemoral Bypass in the Treatment of Aortoiliac Disease. Results of a Contemporary Series (2003–2009)

Abstract Objectives : The study objective was to describe and evaluate our single center (University Hospital Liège) experience with totally laparoscopic bypass surgery compared with conventional open surgery to treat aortoiliac occlusive disease. Material and methods : A retrospective database review of all patients undergoing aortobifemoral bypass for aortoiliac occlusive disease in our center, between 2003 and 2009, was performed. During this period, a total of 251 consecutive patients were identified. Among these patients, 95 underwent totally laparoscopic aortobifemoral bypass (group I) and 156 conventional open surgery (group II). Demographic data, operative data, postoperative recovery data, complications, two-year follow-up, morbidity and mortality were analysed according to the laparoscopic and conventional open group. Results : Patients included 160 men and 91 women. The mean age was 61 years (range, 40 to 88 years) in both groups. Indications for surgery were invalidating claudication in 87%, rest pain in 7%, trophic disorders in 5%, impotence in 1.6% and digestive claudication in 1.2%. Prior to bypass surgery, 11 (11.6%) for the group I and 41 (26.3%) for the group II had undergone one or more abdominal surgical procedures. A transperitoneal and retrocolic approach was preferred in all laparoscopic procedures. Laparoscopic aortobifemoral bypass (LABF) required an operative time of 242 minutes (range, 129 to 465) and open aortobifemoral bypass (OABF), 200 minutes (range, 105 to 430). The mean aortic cross clamping time was 62 minutes in group I and 33 minutes in group II. Mean blood loss was more important in group II (1010 ml) than in group I (682 ml). The average length of hospital stay was 8.1 days for LABF compared with an average of 12 days for OABF. In 21 cases (20%) conversion to open surgery was necessary in the laparoscopic group. Systemic morbidity was significantly higher in the OABF group. Thirty-day postoperative mortality was 2% for group II. There was no hospital mortality in the laparoscopic group. Twenty nine patients were lost to follow-up and the mean follow-up was 23.5 months. Conclusion : Analysis of the results shows that laparoscopic aortobifemoral bypass for aortoiliac occlusive disease is a safe procedure. The statistically significant advantages observed in the majority of our patients were decreased blood loss, faster post-operative recovery and shorter hospital stay. In the two groups, late morbidity attributable to the bypass prosthesis was minimal compared with other causes.
Aerodynamic Analysis of an Unmanned Cyclogiro Aircraft

Very little is currently known of the aerodynamic interaction between neighboring cycloidal rotors. Such knowledge is, however, of crucial importance to tune the controller and rotor disposition of a cyclogiro aircraft. Thus, a three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is developed, validated, and used to analyze the D-Dalus L1 four-rotor unmanned aircraft operating under several configurations. The model solves the Euler equations using the OpenFOAM toolbox in order to provide fast results on a desktop computer. Validation is performed against thrust forces and flow streamlines obtained during wind tunnel experiments at various flight velocities. Numerical results from CFD match the trends of the experimental data. Flow behavior matches the video footage of the wind tunnel tests. Although boundary layer effects are neglected, satisfactory results are obtained both qualitatively and quantitatively. This paper concentrates on the results while a companion paper covers the model development. It is found that rotor flow, efficiency, and interaction with the airframe is considerably different between hover and forward flight conditions. It is also confirmed that the same flow particle hits the rotor blades more than once and thus generates strong inner vortices. High pitch magnitudes lead to excessive power consumption while not significantly improving the thrust. CFD is able to model the effects of dynamic pitching, the vortices inside the rotor, and the 3D flow towards the endplates. Finally, airframe modifications for less flow blockage, higher rear rotors, and an adapted pitching schedule may bring considerable efficiency increases to the studied cyclogiro.
Monitoring Eye Movements to Investigate the Picture Superiority Effect in Spatial Memory

Spatial memory is usually better for iconic than for verbal material. Our aim was to assess whether such effect is related to the way iconic and verbal targets are viewed when people have to memorize their locations. Eye movements were recorded while participants memorized the locations of images or words. Images received fewer, but longer, gazes than words. Longer gazes on images might reflect greater attention devoted to images due to their higher sensorial distinctiveness and/or generation with images of an additional phonological code beyond the visual code immediately available. We found that words were scanned mainly from left to right while a more heterogeneous scanning strategy characterized encoding of images. This suggests that iconic configurations tend to be maintained as global integrated representations in which all the item/location pairs are simultaneously present whilst verbal configurations are maintained through more sequential processes.
LLA: A New Anypath Routing Scheme Providing Long Path Lifetime in VANETs

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are a promising solution to improve the road traffic safety, reduce the environmental pollution, or simply provide the on-board infotainment services. However, these actions are often not possible due to high mobility of vehicles causing frequent failures of VANET links. In this paper, we focus on anypath routing to improve the reliability of multihop VANET communications. In particular, the paper is the first one to address the link stability \hbox{issues and to propose} a method called Long Lifetime Anypaths (LLA) providing stable communication paths. Advantages of our \hbox{approach}, presented in comparison to the reference Shortest Anypath First (SAF) scheme, are confirmed throughout simulations.
The influence of age of onset and acute anabolic steroid exposure on cognitive performance, impulsivity, and aggression in men.

The name of author Heather Berlin omitted a middle initial in the byline and author note and should appear as Heather A. Berlin. ] A growing translational literature suggests that adolescent exposure to anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) leads to increased aggression and impulsivity. However, little is known about the cognitive effects of AASs among AAS users or the differences between adolescent- and adult-onset users. This study provides a test of the effects of acute naturalistic AAS use and age of onset (adolescent vs. adult) on measures of inhibitory control, planning and attention, and decision making. Seventy-one active adult male AAS users completed self-report measures of impulsivity and aggression, and a subsample (11 adolescent onset vs. 11 adult onset) matched on current age were administered 4 computerized tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) (Cambridge Cognition, 2002) and the Iowa Gambling Task (Stanton, Liening, & Schultheiss, 2011). Multiple regression analyses and a series of 2 (adolescent vs. adult) × 2 (on-cycle vs. off-cycle) analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to examine the differential effects of age of onset and acute drug use on cognition and behavior. Regression analyses revealed larger on-cycle effects for adolescent users than adult users. Subsample analyses indicated that on-cycle users performed less well on cognitive measures of inhibitory control and attention, but not on tests of planning or decision making. Adolescent onset was associated with greater impulsivity and more acute sensitivity to AAS effects on attention. These preliminary findings suggest the possibility that acute AAS use is associated with some differences in inhibitory control and impulsivity and to a lesser degree, aggression. These effects may be more potent for those initiating AAS use in adolescence.
Unconscious race and class bias: Its association with decision making by trauma and acute care surgeons

BACKGROUND Recent studies have found that unconscious biases may influence physicians’ clinical decision making. The objective of our study was to determine, using clinical vignettes, if unconscious race and class biases exist specifically among trauma/acute care surgeons and, if so, whether those biases impact surgeons’ clinical decision making. METHODS A prospective Web-based survey was administered to active members of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. Participants completed nine clinical vignettes, each with three trauma/acute care surgery management questions. Race Implicit Association Test (IAT) and social class IAT assessments were completed by each participant. Multivariable, ordered logistic regression analysis was then used to determine whether implicit biases reflected on the IAT tests were associated with vignette responses. RESULTS In total, 248 members of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma participated. Of these, 79% explicitly stated that they had no race preferences and 55% stated they had no social class preferences. However, 73.5% of the participants had IAT scores demonstrating an unconscious preference toward white persons; 90.7% demonstrated an implicit preference toward upper social class persons. Only 2 of 27 vignette-based clinical decisions were associated with patient race or social class on univariate analyses. Multivariable analyses revealed no relationship between IAT scores and vignette-based clinical assessments. CONCLUSION Unconscious preferences for white and upper-class persons are prevalent among trauma and acute care surgeons. In this study, these biases were not statistically significantly associated with clinical decision making. Further study of the factors that may prevent implicit biases from influencing patient management is warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic study, level II.
Genetic factors in puerperal affective psychoses

The hypothesis that puerperal affective psychosis (PAP) is genetically related to maniodepressive disorder was tested by comparing the morbidity risks for puerperal and non‐puerperal affective disorders in the relatives of 17 PAP subjects and 20 parous manic‐depressives (PMD) with no history of puerperal illness. The risk for affective disorder (mania, depression or suicide) and puerperal affective disorder was the same in the two groups of relatives and the test hypothesis was accepted, although the sample size was small. The fre‐quencies of HLA‐A, B and C locus antigens, nine blood group antigens and 10 red blood cell isoenzymes were not significantly different in the PAP and PMD subjects, showing that in this series genetic markers do not distinguish puerperal from non‐puerperal affective psychoses.
Proteinase-resistant factors in human erythrocyte membranes mediate CD4-dependent fusion with cells expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins

Murine CD4+ cells are resistant to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry and to fusion with cells expressing HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env). The role of human-specific factors in Env/CD4-mediated fusion is shown by the ability of transient cell hybrids formed between CD4+ murine cells and human HeLa cells to fuse with Env+ cells. Fusion events were observed when other human cells, including erythrocytes, were substituted for HeLa cells in the hybrids. Experiments with erythrocyte ghosts showed that the factors allowing Env/CD4-mediated fusion are located in the plasma membrane. These factors were fully active after extensive digestion of erythrocytes with proteinase K or pronase. Nonprotein components of human plasma membranes, possibly glycolipids, could therefore be required for Env/CD4-mediated fusion and virus entry.