Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Origin of volcanism on the flanks of the Pacific‐Antarctic ridge between 41°30′S and 52°S

Non–hot spot, intraplate volcanism is a common feature near the East Pacific Rise or Pacific‐Antarctic ridge. Volcanic ridges and seamount chains, tens to hundreds of kilometers long, are asymmetrically distributed about the ridge axis, with most volcanic features occurring on the Pacific plate. Their origins remain controversial. We have analyzed off‐axis volcanic ridges near the Pacific‐Antarctic ridge from bathymetry, backscatter, gravity, and geochemistry data of the Pacantarctic 2 cruise. K/Ar dating of samples dredged on these structures reveals a contrast of up to 3 Ma between the volcanoes and the underlying crust. The volcanic activity, as suggested by the strong backscatter in sonar images, appears to be limited to areas of seafloor younger than about 3 Ma. All surveyed ridges north of the Menard transform fault (TF) show recent activity close to the ridge axis and are not affected by faults. The off‐axis volcanic ridges south of the Menard TF show recent volcanic flows in their center and are affected by N‐S extension. Two different types of volcanoes can be characterized: conical, flat‐topped ones and rough, elongated ones associated with narrow, E‐W trending volcanic ridges, some of them showing strong backscattering on the EM12 imagery. From the morphology of the seamount chains and the ages of the lava samples, we infer that the magma source for the volcanic ridges is related to the feeding of the ridge axis through three‐dimensional mantle convective circulation. We suggest that a change in the relative plate motion since about 5 Ma might have induced an offset of the mantle upwelling circulation under the ridge axis so that anomalously hot mantle rises under the Pacific ridge flank. The kinematic change is also likely responsible for the tectonic deformation in the young lithosphere south of Menard TF.
Employee Flexibility, Exogenous Risk, and Firm Value

Abstract We hypothesize that employee flexibility enhances firm value by helping firms respond to exogenous shocks. We estimate employee-flexibility scores through textual analysis of online job reviews, and we find that a high flexibility score leads to superior stock returns for firms exposed to external risk. During 2011–2017, the value-weighted hedge portfolio formed on employee flexibility earned a 5-factor annualized alpha of 9.5% during periods of high policy uncertainty. Earnings-announcement returns also suggest that investors do not fully value workforce flexibility. These results indicate that employee flexibility is a valuable corporate intangible that helps firms to manage risk during uncertain times.
Declining Adverse Event Rates Among Patients With Cardiac Conditions But Not With Pneumonia or Surgical Conditions

Setting and participants. This multi-center study was conducted at 16 sites in 5 countries and enrolled 127 patients between July 2006 and January 2010. Adult patients < 75 years old with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who had at least 1 episode of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the 6 months prior to enrollment and had no previous antiarrhythmic drug treatment were recruited. Patients were excluded if they had structural heart disease or had a complete contraindication for the use of heparin, warfarin, or both. Patients were randomized by variable block generated by computer to receive either antiarrhythmic drugs or RFA. All patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after randomization. Each patient received a transtelephonic monitor system and was trained to record and transmit symptomatic episodes of possible atrial fibrillation. Patients were also instructed to transmit biweekly recordings on a Friday, regardless of whether they had experienced symptoms. Blinded experienced electrophysiologists analyzed all recordings, which may also have included scheduled or unscheduled electrocardiogram, Holter, or rhythm strips. Patients randomized to the antiarrhythmic drug group were administered medications chosen by the investigators. Drug dosages titrated during the 90-day blanking period were maintained throughout the study. Patients in the antiarrhythmic drug group were also allowed to cross over and undergo ablation after 90 days if medical treatment had failed. Patients randomized to the RFA group underwent circumferential isolation of the pulmonary veins. Additional ablation lesions were also allowed at investigator’s choice. Furthermore, selections of the ablation catheter, power and irrigation settings, as well as the use of navigation systems were left to the discretion of the investigator. Following RFA, anticoagulation with warfarin was maintained for at least 3 months.
Is there any evidence of a value-growth factor on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange?

New evidence suggests that share returns are cross-sectionally predictable in that shares which appear to be inexpensive relative to the company's underlying values (value shares), out-perform those shares that are perceived to provide substantial growth in the long run (growth shares). The magnitude of the return premium suggests that these returns are induced by factors other than risk or perhaps suggests that our measures of risk are incorrect. There now seems to be little doubt that the new evidence indicates that the crosssection of average returns are predictable and that abnormal returns can be obtained by holding value shares. This is the value-growth phenomenon. The existence of this phenomenon casts doubt on the two major paradigms of modem finance, the Capital Asset Pricing Model and the Efficient Market Hypothesis. ) I There has been limited empirical testing in South Africa as to the existence of this internationally observed phenomenon. This study' s objective is to investigate whether· 1 \ or not this value-growth phenomenon exists on the JSE. / The study examined monthly excess returns on portfolios of value and growth shares over the period 1987to 1996. The ratio of a company's market value to its book value of common equity was used as the measure of value and growth.
Chemokine involvement in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice: Roles for macrophage inflammatory protein‐2 and kupffer cells

Hepatic injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion is an important clinical problem after liver resection or transplantation. Neutrophils are known to mediate the organ injury, but the precise mechanisms leading to hepatic neutrophil recruitment are undefined. Two CXC chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein‐2 (MIP‐2) and KC, are potently chemotactic for neutrophils in vitro and have been reported to be involved in neutrophil‐dependent inflammatory tissue injury. The objective of the present study was to determine the roles of MIP‐2 and KC in the induction of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 90 minutes of partial hepatic ischemia followed by reperfusion. Hepatic injury was associated with neutrophil sequestration, edema, and elevated serum levels of hepatic transaminases. The expression of MIP‐2 messenger RNA (mRNA) was induced within 3 hours after reperfusion, before any detectable increase in neutrophil accumulation, and was also increased to a greater extent in the ischemic lobe after 9 hours of reperfusion. These data suggest that MIP‐2 may be involved in the initial recruitment of neutrophils to the ischemic lobe. In contrast, KC mRNA expression was not increased after 3 hours of reperfusion but after 9 hours increased equivalently in both ischemic and non‐ischemic lobes, suggesting a more generalized role in neutrophil recruitment. Neutralization of MIP‐2 or KC resulted in significant decreases in hepatic neutrophil accumulation, edema, and hepatocellular injury. These data suggest that the local expression of MIP‐2 and KC are important mediators involved in neutrophil‐dependent hepatic injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion in mice.
What is the customer saying? Service-, Person- and Context-Related Characteristics of Service Communication

Purpose – The interaction between the customer and the service provider is a key concept within the service marketing, but this interaction might be impeded by communication difficulties. Building on the service literature, this paper adapts two existing communication frameworks to present a model of how service-related, person-related and context-related aspects explain consumer language preferences in service encounters. Methodology/approach – Building on the existing literature, the paper develops and tests four main effects and five moderating effects explaining language preferences in service encounters. These nine hypotheses are tested using a Bayesian multilevel model, addressing the methodological challenge of analyzing characteristics of service encounters on three different levels. The data was collected from speakers of different languages in different countries in Europe and North America. Findings – The results confirm the nine hypotheses, underlining the importance of service-related, person-related and context-related aspects to better understand consumer language preferences in interactions with service providers. More specific, we found that perceived control, second language skills, political considerations and the type of country have direct influences on consumers " native language preference. Moreover, we found that the effect of perceived control was moderated by second language skills, political considerations and the country-specific effect. The effects of second language skills and political considerations were moderated by the country-specific effect. Research implications – The results carry important implications for better understanding the role of communication in interactions between customers and service personnel and for understanding how service-related, person-related and context-related aspects interact with each other to shape consumer communication preferences. Within the context of services, our findings demonstrate that customers and service providers must have the required competences to interact with each other in order for the customer to perceive the service outcome to be successful. Practical implications – By identifying the roles that different aspects of the service interaction play for consumers, the findings help managers to understand under what circumstances, for which persons and for which countries they need to focus on providing services in the consumers " native language. Our findings can guide managers in their decision on when to take initiatives to serve customers in their native language, such as e.g. hiring bilingual personnel or offering translation services. Originality/value – The paper is the first to propose and test a model consisting of service-related, person-related and context-related characteristics to understand customer communication preferences within the setting of services.
Decreased type V collagen expression in human decidual tissues of spontaneous abortion during early pregnancy.

AIM: To provide some insight into the aetiology of spontaneous abortion, the contents of type V collagen was investigated in human decidual tissues in spontaneous abortion and normal pregnancy. METHODS: Collagens were extracted from decidual tissues in spontaneous abortion (n = 19) and normal pregnancy (n = 25). The different types of collagen alpha chains were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), stained with Coomassie brilliant blue, and measured by densitometry. The relative amounts of the alpha 1 (III) and alpha 1 (V) chains were calculated by dividing the band intensities of the alpha 1 (III) and alpha 1 (V) chains by that of the alpha 1 (I) chain. RESULTS: The ratio of the alpha 1 (V) chain to that of the alpha 1 (I) chain in decidual tissues in spontaneous abortion was significantly lower than that found in normal pregnancy (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that type V collagen might play an important role in the maintenance of pregnancy and that decreased expression of this collagen could be associated with spontaneous abortion.
Effects of Animosity and Allocentrism toward Consumer Ethnocentrism in Shaping Consumers’ Willingness to Purchase: A Case Study on Consumers in Greater Jakarta (Jabodetabek Area) in Purchasing Malaysian Products

This paper aims to: (1) specify factors mediating the effects of consumer animosity towards the consumers’ willingness to purchase imported products; (2) specify factors mediating the effects of allocentrism towards consumers’ willingness to purchase imported product; and (3) examine whether product quality comparison between domestic vis-a-vis imported products moderates the relationships between: (a) consumer animosity and consumers’ willingness to purchase (b)ethnocentrism and consumers’ willingness to purchase. A survey was conducted to 209 respondents that have bought Malaysian products in the past three months and lived in Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, and Bekasi) area. The result shows that ethnocentrism mediated the relationship between animosity and consumers’ willingness to purchase; while it does not work as a mediator in the relationship between allocentrism and consumers’ willingness to purchase. In addition, product quality comparison does not moderate the relationship between animosity and consumers’ willingness to purchase as well as ethnocentrism and consumers’ willingness to purchase. Interpretations, contributions, and implications for manager are also discussed. Keywords: Malaysian product; consumer animosity; product quality comparison; consumer ethnocentrism; allocentrism
Pengaruh Tenure Kap, Ukuran Kap, Spesialisasi Auditor dan Audit Fee terhadap Kualitas Audit dengan Moderasi Komite Audit

There are still debate whether long audit tenure will decrease auditor’s independency which effecting the quality of audit. This research has an objective to analyze the relation and effect between audit tenure, accounting firms specialization, accounting firms size and audit fee to audit quality moderated by audit committee. By using a data collected from Annual Report manufacture companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) periode 2013 – 2015 and attached information about audit fee. This research use linier regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) along with purpossive sampling method, 154 companies were obtained. Result from this research shown that tenur and audit fee have a significant effect to audit quality which proxied with discreationary accrual. While accounting firms size and auditor spesialization have no significance to audit quality. The role of audit committee was able to modarate between tenur and audit quality.
Enhancing entrepreneurship in Sri Lanka : the provision of business development services (BDS) by microfinance institutions to support the self-sufficiency of microenterprises

The literature shows that microenterprises can make a significant contribution to the economies of the developing world but that such firms face considerable challenges, especially during the start-up phase. Microfinance initiatives in the form of micro credit and business development services (BDS) are recognised as helping such firms to address these challenges as the provision of finance and support in the development of key skills can facilitate start-up and foster growth. Given this context, this study investigates how microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Sri Lanka use BDS to support the aspirations of entrepreneurs and employs the lens of co-production to analyse how the parties work together to support microenterprises. For the purposes of this study, co- production is defined as the combined efforts of two parties who jointly determine the output of their collaboration. The multiple case study method was used and data were gathered by conducting 51 in-depth interviews with microfinance officers, owner managers and with an external trainer and a BDS consultant involved in the process. The findings of the study reveal that MFI counsellors and owner managers of microenterprises use BDS to co-produce generating outcomes that help them both improve their performance. The findings also reveal that a number of contextual factors, such as client selection, social mobilisation programmes, planning, performance evaluation and financial sustainability influence co-production in BDS. Moreover, the findings show that aspects of the counsellor/owner manager relationship, such as expertise, readiness, follow up by the counsellor, owner manager willingness, and counsellor-owner manager communication and interpersonal relationships enhance co- production. This study contributes to the BDS literature as there has been a dearth of studies conducted on this area. Moreover, by focusing on how contextual factors influence co- production, the study fills a gap in the co-production literature. The recommendations provide useful information to policymakers (e.g. collaboration between the government and MFIs in catering for poorer people) and practitioners (e.g. use of low cost methods such as mentoring and on the job training for counsellors), which should help inform future strategies in this field.
Menopausal Health Status of Women of Kapilvastu District of Nepal.

BACKGROUND Women face numerous health problems in their post-reproductive and menopausal years, including issues such as pelvic pain, incontinence and obstetric fistula. In Nepal, the importance of these health issues is increasing with the aging of the population, yet women are often unable to access adequate health care due to entrenched gender structures and misconceptions regarding menopause. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of menopause, the associated health problems and their severity amongst women aged 40-60 years in Kapilvastu. METHODS A descriptive study was conducted in Kapilvastu district. Multi stage cluster sampling technique was adopted: Illakas of Kapilvastu were identified, then one Village Development Committee (VDC) from each Illaka of the district, and two wards from each of these VDCs, were selected randomly. RESULTS The median age of onset of menopause was 47 years (25 th and 75 percentiles = 43 and 50 years), and >90% of women had entered menopause by 54. All symptoms in the Menopause Rating Scale were experienced to some extent by at least 30% of women, even amongst the premenopausal group. The most common problems experienced by menopausal women were: sexual problems (81.7%, 95%CI: 78.0-85.4), physical and mental exhaustion (81.5%, 95%CI: 77.8-85.2) and joint and muscular discomfort (78.5%, 95%CI: 74.6-82.4). The symptoms most frequently deemed "severe" or "very severe" were: sexual problems (40.5%), joint and muscular discomfort (27.4%), and sleep problems (21.0%). th CONCLUSIONS Middle-aged women in Kapilvastu experienced menopausal symptoms to a substantial degree. The prevalence and severity of these symptoms increased with the menopausal transition, and with increasing age. Menopause itself did not appear to be the primary risk factor for typical "menopausal" symptoms.
The impact of environmental cues on customers' quality perception and willingness to pay, and the moderating role of consumer mood and motives

The literature shows that shopping environment has an impact on various consumer behaviors, and that an elegant environment is associated with higher customers’ quality perception and willingness to pay. I investigated and found that this is true only when consumers are in a positive mood. When they are in a negative mood, consumers infer higher quality from a discount-looking shop. A between-design experimental survey has been conducted to analyze the impact of shopping environment, mood and shopping motivation on customers’ perception of quality and willingness to pay. Two mood conditions (positive/negative) have been created and induced to respondents at the beginning of the survey, along with two shopping environment conditions (upscale-looking/discount-looking) based on design, scent and sales personnel factors. Results show that shopping environment does not impact significantly the dependent variables but it interacts significantly with mood to determine quality perception; shopping motivation impacts significantly both quality perception and willingness to pay.
Board Connections and Debt Structure in Private Firms

We investigate the effect of board interlocks on family firms’ debt structure. Using a comprehensive panel data set from Italy, our empirical evidence indicates that interlocked directors facilitate family firms’ access to external debt, mostly in the form of trade debt. During episodes of liquidity dry-ups, board interlocks prove useful to withstand funding shortages and, in turn, to cope with the negative effects of the recession. These findings are consistent with the view that interlocked directors act as information and resource providers along the supply chain.
An Exploratory Research for Mobile Services Penetration in Greece

This paper refers to a survey conducted to picture the current situation of the mobile services market in Greece. Data are collected by means of a questionnaire, while descriptive statistics, ANOVAs and t-tests are used for their analysis. The results so far show that individuals give emphasis to communication services, and there is a lot of room for improvement in functionalities, charging, and applications content.
Interviews with parents who have attended parental education sessions

Scand J Caring Sci; 2004; 18; 82–89What is good parental education? Interviewswith parents who have attended parentaleducation sessionsThe aim of the study was to highlight the experiences andexpectations of Swedish parents with respect to generalparental education within child healthcare. Interviewswere carried out with 25 parents who had attendededucation sessions. With a few exceptions the fathers didnot take part, and those mothers who did comprised arelatively highly educated group; their views thereforepredominate in this study. Socially vulnerable parents suchas the unemployed and immigrants took part more spor-adically in the meetings, which is why less material isavailable from these groups. The arrangement and analysisof the material was done using qualitative content analysis.We identiﬁed two main categories of importance: ‘parentaleducation content’ and ‘parental education structure’. Theparents were on the whole satisﬁed with the content withrespect to the child’s physical and psychosocial develop-ment. On the other hand, ﬁrst-time parents expressed adegree of uncertainty with respect to the new parent rolesand parent relation and they thought that the educationshould place more emphasis on the interplay between theparents and between child and parents. The degree ofconﬁdence in the nurse as group leader was mainly high.The parents thought that the groups functioned wellsocially and were satisﬁed with the organization of themeetings. They did, however, demand clearer structureand framework with respect to the content. Since the aimof legally established parental education is to improve theconditions of childhood growth and to provide support toparents, it must be considered especially important toprovide resources so that the socially vulnerable groups inthe community may also be reached.Keywords: parental education, child healthcare, inter-views, parental satisfaction.Submitted 27 January 2003, Accepted 4 December 2003