Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling non‐Euclidean movement and landscape connectivity in highly structured ecological networks

Movement is influenced by landscape structure, configuration and geometry, but measuring distance as perceived by animals poses technical and logistical challenges. Instead, movement is typically measured using Euclidean distance, irrespective of location or landscape structure, or is based on arbitrary cost surfaces. A recently proposed extension of spatial capture‐recapture (SCR) models resolves this issue using spatial encounter histories of individuals to calculate least‐cost paths (ecological distance: Ecology, 94, 2013, 287) thereby relaxing the Euclidean assumption. We evaluate the consequences of not accounting for movement heterogeneity when estimating abundance in highly structured landscapes, and demonstrate the value of this approach for estimating biologically realistic space‐use patterns and landscape connectivity. We simulated SCR data in a riparian habitat network, using the ecological distance model under a range of scenarios where space‐use in and around the landscape was increasingly associated with water (i.e. increasingly less Euclidean). To assess the influence of miscalculating distance on estimates of population size, we compared the results from the ecological and Euclidean distance based models. We then demonstrate that the ecological distance model can be used to estimate home range geometry when space use is not symmetrical. Finally, we provide a method for calculating landscape connectivity based on modelled species‐landscape interactions generated from capture‐recapture data. Using ecological distance always produced unbiased estimates of abundance. Explicitly modelling the strength of the species‐landscape interaction provided a direct measure of landscape connectivity and better characterised true home range geometry. Abundance under the Euclidean distance model was increasingly (negatively) biased as space use was more strongly associated with water and, because home ranges are assumed to be symmetrical, produced poor characterisations of home range geometry and no information about landscape connectivity. The ecological distance SCR model uses spatially indexed capture‐recapture data to estimate how activity patterns are influenced by landscape structure. As well as reducing bias in estimates of abundance, this approach provides biologically realistic representations of home range geometry, and direct information about species‐landscape interactions. The incorporation of both structural (landscape) and functional (movement) components of connectivity provides a direct measure of species‐specific landscape connectivity.
Influence of Liposomes on the Stability of Vitamin A Incorporated in Polyacrylate Hydrogel

Lecithin has an antioxidative potential that depends directly on the content of phospholipids. Purified lecithin with a higher phospholipid content exerts better antioxidative properties. Furthermore, due to its specific physico‐chemical properties, amphiphility in particular, the phospholipid the largest portion of the lecithin lipids, forms enclosed membrane systems (liposomes) in the presence of water. Liposomes encapsulate hydro and liposoluble, pharmacologically and cosmetically active components. The relatively poor stability of vitamin A considerably limits its use in topical preparations. Protection against an oxidation process is the main reason for vitamin A encapsulation in the liposomes made from the purified phospholipid fraction (90% phosphatidyl choline). It increases the vitamin A‐palmitate stability against the oxidation process caused by UV radiation. Lecithin used for preparing the liposomes increases vitamin A stability during UV radiation in pure liposome dispersion or liposomes with vitamin A incorporated in polyacrylate gel as a vehicle.
Image Matching: An Application-oriented Benchmark

Image matching approaches have been widely used in computer vision applications in which the image-level matching performance of matchers is critical. However, it has not been well investigated by previous works which place more emphases on evaluating local features. To this end, we present a uniform benchmark with novel evaluation metrics and a large-scale dataset for evaluating the overall performance of image matching methods. The proposed metrics are application-oriented as they emphasize application requirements for matchers. The dataset contains two portions for benchmarking video frame matching and unordered image matching separately, where each portion consists of real-world image sequences and each sequence has a specific attribute. Subsequently, we carry out a comprehensive performance evaluation of different state-of-the-art methods and conduct in-depth analyses regarding various aspects such as application requirements, matching types, and data diversity. Moreover, we shed light on how to choose appropriate approaches for different applications based on empirical results and analyses. Conclusions in this benchmark can be used as general guidelines to design practical matching systems and also advocate potential future research directions in this field.
Repeated restraint stress exposure during early withdrawal accelerates incubation of cue‐induced cocaine craving

A major challenge for treating cocaine addiction is the propensity for abstinent users to relapse. Two important triggers for relapse are cues associated with prior drug use and stressful life events. To study their interaction in promoting relapse during abstinence, we used the incubation model of craving and relapse in which cue‐induced drug seeking progressively intensifies (‘incubates’) during withdrawal from extended‐access cocaine self‐administration. We tested rats for cue‐induced cocaine seeking on withdrawal day (WD) 1. Rats were then subjected to repeated restraint stress or control conditions (seven sessions held between WD6 and WD14). All rats were tested again for cue‐induced cocaine seeking on WD15, 1 day after the last stress or control session. Although controls showed a time‐dependent increase in cue‐induced cocaine seeking (incubation), rats exposed to repeated stress in early withdrawal exhibited a more robust increase in seeking behavior between WD1 and WD15. In separate stressed and control rats, equivalent cocaine seeking was observed on WD48. These results indicate that repeated stress in early withdrawal accelerates incubation of cocaine craving, although craving plateaus at the same level were observed in controls. However, 1 month after the WD48 test, rats subjected to repeated stress in early withdrawal showed enhanced cue‐induced cocaine seeking following acute (24 hours) food deprivation stress. Together, these data indicate that chronic stress exposure enhances the initial rate of incubation of craving during early withdrawal, resulting in increased vulnerability to cue‐induced relapse during this period, and may lead to a persistent increase in vulnerability to the relapse‐promoting effects of stress.
Effect of fasting on the uptake of bilirubin and sulfobromophthalein by the isolated perfused rat liver.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Occurrence of hyperbilirubinemia after fasting has been recognized for many years. The pathogenesis of this syndrome is unclear. Although recent studies suggest that increased intestinal deconjugation and reabsorption of bilirubin may play a major role in establishment of hyperbilirubinemia during fasting, other studies have suggested that fasting down-regulates intrinsic hepatocyte transport of bilirubin. The present study was designed to examine this possibility in the isolated perfused rat liver. METHODS Transport of 3H-bilirubin and 35S-sulfobromophthalein (BSP) was examined in isolated perfused livers from 48-hour fasted or control rats using a multiple indicator dilution technique. Data were analyzed to quantify single-pass extraction (model-independent analysis) and were also fit by computer to the model of Goresky to quantify unidirectional fluxes. RESULTS Fasting for 48 hours resulted in an approximately 40% reduction in liver weight but had no effect on model-dependent or model-independent parameters of transport. Despite the fact that the liver was smaller, single-pass extraction of bilirubin and BSP by livers from fasted animals did not differ from control, indicating a greater efficiency at uptake of bilirubin and BSP. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin, not altered hepatic transport, is a major factor in the pathogenesis of fasting-induced hyperbilirubinemia.
Flipping the Classroom and Student Performance in Advanced Statistics: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment

I administer a quasi-experiment using undergraduate political science majors in statistics classes to evaluate whether “flipping the classroom” (the treatment) alters students’ applied problem-solving performance and satisfaction relative to students in a traditional classroom environment (the control). I also assess whether general student characteristics such as when and where students took the prerequisite course, grade point average (GPA), and gender influence performance. I find flipping the classroom gives students statistically significant advantages in difficult, applied areas emphasized in class. Furthermore, students in the flipped classroom feel they learned more and enjoyed the course more than those in a traditional classroom. I argue students’ affective preference for a flipped classroom is important for student motivation, recollection, and future use of quantitative data analysis. Flipping the classroom entails high start-up costs, but it can merit implementing to improve both effective and affective instructional outcomes.
Problem of the gastric ulcer reviewed: study of one thousand cases.

The problem of gastric ulcer continues to be a subject of controversy because of the association of this disease with cancer of the stomach. Since surgeons and gastroenterologists are so often confronted with the grim and frustrating circumstances that surround the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, it is natural that any lesion of the stomach should be considered potentially malignant. Such fear is indeed justified if it breeds a vigilance that may result in the early detection of cancer; however, it must not be forgotten that benign ulcers of the stomach with potentiality of complete healing do occur. Ulcerating lesions of the stomach fall into one of two categories: (1) ulceration in an infiltrating lesion, grossly recognized as malignant, and (2) ulceration with an appearance of peptic ulcer. The disposition of the first group is, of course, to immediate surgery, with the hope that operation is possible and the
[Psychometric properties of the GHQ-28 in opiate-dependent patients].

OBJECTIVE To know the psychometric properties of the GHQ-28 when it is applied to a sample of opiate-dependent patients. METHOD Participants were 138 opiate-dependent patients. Reliability was estimated by means of the Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown coefficients. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was applied to check the four-factor structure proposed by Goldberg and Hillier. The sensitivity and specificity of the instrument for the detection of possible psychiatric cases were measured using ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis, using as criterion the DSMIV diagnosis from the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. RESULTS Reliability estimation was adequate. Validity results could not confirm the four-factor structure of GHQ-28 proposed by Goldberg and Hillier. The sensitivity and specificity parameters show optimum values of 60.7 % and 73.7 %, respectively, 65.9 % of the participants being correctly classified. CONCLUSIONS GHQ-28 shows adequate reliability and appropriate sensitivity and specificity parameters when it is applied to opiate-dependent patients. However, the original factorial structure could not be confirmed. Given these results and those from other validity studies in which the relationships with Severity of Dependence, Physical Health and Health-Related Quality of Life were shown, the GHQ-28 can be considered a useful instrument for screening in clinical practice.
Association Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Severe Mental Illness in Offspring

Importance Several recent population-based studies have linked exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy to increased risk of severe mental illness in offspring (eg, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia). It is not yet clear, however, whether this association results from causal teratogenic effects or from confounding influences shared by smoking and severe mental illness. Objective To examine the association between smoking during pregnancy and severe mental illness in offspring, adjusting for measured covariates and unmeasured confounding using family-based designs. Design, Setting, and Participants This study analyzed population register data through December 31, 2013, for a cohort of 1 680 219 individuals born in Sweden from January 1, 1983, to December 31, 2001. Associations between smoking during pregnancy and severe mental illness in offspring were estimated with adjustment for measured covariates. Cousins and siblings who were discordant on smoking during pregnancy and severe mental illness were then compared, which helped to account for unmeasured genetic and environmental confounding by design. Exposures Maternal self-reported smoking during pregnancy, obtained from antenatal visits. Main Outcomes and Measures Severe mental illness, with clinical diagnosis obtained from inpatient and outpatient visits and defined using International Classification of Diseases codes for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Results Of the 1 680 219 offspring included in the analysis, 816 775 (48.61%) were female. At the population level, offspring exposed to moderate and high levels of smoking during pregnancy had greater severe mental illness rates than did unexposed offspring (moderate smoking during pregnancy: hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95% CI, 1.19-1.30; high smoking during pregnancy: HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.44-1.59). These associations decreased in strength with increasing statistical and methodologic controls for familial confounding. In sibling comparisons with within-family covariates, associations were substantially weaker and nonsignificant (moderate smoking during pregnancy: HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.94-1.26; high smoking during pregnancy: HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.96-1.35). The pattern of associations was consistent across subsets of severe mental illness disorders and was supported by further sensitivity analyses. Conclusions and Relevance This population- and family-based study failed to find support for a causal effect of smoking during pregnancy on risk of severe mental illness in offspring. Rather, these results suggest that much of the observed population-level association can be explained by measured and unmeasured factors shared by siblings.
Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Adenovirus Early Region lA Proteins : Extensive Heterogeneity in Early Region 1 A Products

Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies specific for the adenovirus early region 1A (ElA) proteins were prepared from BALB/c mice immunized with a bacterial trpE-E1A fusion protein. This protein is encoded by a hybrid gene that joins a portion of the Escherichia coli trpE gene and a cDNA copy of the ElA 13S mRNA (Spindler et al., J. Virol. 49:132-141, 1984). Eighty-three hybridomas that secrete antibodies which recognize the immunogen were isolated and single cell cloned. Twenty-nine of these antibodies are specific for the ElA portion of the fusion protein. Only 12 of the monoclonal antibodies can efficiently immunoprecipitate ElA polypeptides from detergent lysates of infected cells. ElA polypeptides were analyzed on one-dimensional, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and two-dimensional, isoelectric focusing polyacrylamide gels. The ElA proteins that are specifically immunoprecipitated by the monoclonal antibodies are heterogeneous in size and charge and can be resolved into approximately 60 polypeptide species. This heterogeneity is due not only to synthesis from multiple ElA mRNAs, but also at least in part to post-translational modification. Several of the monoclonal antibodies divide the ElA polypeptides into immunological subclasses based on the ability of the antibodies to bind to the antigen. In particular, two of the monoclonal antibodies bind to the polypeptides synthesized from the 13S ElA mRNA, but not to other ElA proteins.
Effect of dutasteride 0.5 mg/d in men with androgenetic alopecia recalcitrant to finasteride

Finasteride at a dose of 1 mg/d has been reported to show no significant improvement in 30–50% of patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Dutasteride, a dual inhibitor of both type I and type II 5 alpha‐reductase, inhibits the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, which is the key contributor of AGA.
Development of Action Potential‐dependent and Independent Spontaneous GABAA Receptor‐mediated Currents in Granule Cells of Postnatal Rat Cerebellum

The postnatal development of spontaneous GABAergic transmission between cerebellar Golgi cells and granule cells was investigated with voltage‐clamp recording from rat cerebellar slices, in symmetrical Cl‐conditions. Between postnatal days 7 and 14 (P7–14), bicuculline‐and TTX (tetrodotoxin)‐sensitive spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs), occurred at high frequency in 56% of granule cells. Between P10 and P14, sIPSCs were superimposed on tonic current of‐12 ± 1.8 pA at ‐70 mV, that was accompanied by noise with variance of 17 ± 3 pA2. Both the current and noise were inhibited by bicuculline. TTX blocked the bicuculline‐sensitive current and noise by˜60%. Between P18 and P25, sIPSCs were less frequent; all cells showed tonic, bicuculline‐sensitive currents, but these were partially inhibited by TTX (˜35%). Between P40 and P53, slPSCs were rare; tonic, bicuculline‐sensitive currents and noise were greater in amplitude, with mean values of‐17 pA and 22 pA2 at‐70 mV, they were present in all cells but they were not inhibited by TTX. Glycine receptor channels that were expressed in immature, but not adult cells, did not mediate spontaneous currents. Our results indicate that spontaneous transmission onto cerebellar granule cells in immature animals consists primarily of action potential‐dependent, phasic release of vesicular GABA. This generates GABAA receptor‐mediated slPSCs. The effects of GABA transporter blockers suggest that it also produces the TTX‐sensitive current‐noise, as GABA spills out of synapses to activate extrasynaptic receptors or receptors in neighbouring synapses. In older animals, action potential‐independent release of transmitter is predominant and results in tonic activation of GABAA receptors. This does not appear to be spontaneous vesicular release of GABA. Neither does it appear to be reversed uptake of GABA, although further work is required to rule out these possibilities.
Delayed hypersensitivity responses in mice and guinea pigs to Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium vaccae, and Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum cytoplasmic proteins

Antigenic relationships between Mycobacterium vaccae, M. nonchromogenicum, and M. leprae were examined in mice and guinea pigs injected with M. vaccae or M. nonchromogenicum suspensions. The growth of both organisms in outbred ICR and four inbred mouse strains was followed up to 30 days. M. nonchromogenicum persisted in the livers and spleens of the inbred mice substantially better than did the M. vaccae population in the same mouse strains. A translucent colony variant of M. vaccae isolated from the opossum survived in vivo better than the opaque colony isolated from opossums and cattle. Persistence of M. vaccae and M. nonchromogenicum was not markedly increased in T-cell-depleted (nude) mice. Normal mice infected with increasing numbers of M. vaccae did not develop delayed-type hypersensitivity to the homologous M. vaccae cytoplasmic protein antigen. When heat-killed M. vaccae were incorporated into Freund adjuvant, both mice and guinea pigs developed delayed hypersensitivity to cytoplasmic antigens prepared from M. vaccae, M. nonchromogenicum and M. vaccae vaccines cross-sensitized guinea pigs to the M. leprae cytoplasmic antigens.
Social capital and resource requests on Facebook

Facebook-enabled resource mobilization attempts—broadcasted status updates in which people ask questions or request information, favors, or other forms of assistance from one’s network—can provide insight into social capital dynamics as they unfold on Facebook. Specifically, these requests and the responses they receive can serve as a window into how, why, and with what results individuals turn to their Friends network for help. In this study, we synthesize the existing research on resource mobilization requests via Facebook and present new analyses of survey data collected from a random sample of Facebook users who have made any post in the past 28 days (n = 573) and a sample of those who have posted a mobilization request in the past 28 days (n = 1074). To identify mobilization requests, an automated classifier trained on a hand-labeled sample of public status updates was used. Using participants’ self-reported survey data and server-level behavioral data, we examine how mobilization request behaviors relate to perceptions of bridging and bonding social capital, participants’ perceptions of Facebook’s utility regarding these requests, and related variables such as engagement in Facebook Relational Maintenance Behaviors. We find that those who post mobilization requests on Facebook report higher social capital, are more likely to try to respond to Friends’ expressed needs, and tend to see the site as a better source of information, coordination, and networked communication.
DESEMPENHO AGRONÔMICO E ESTABILIDADE FENOTÍPICA DE HÍBRIDOS DE SORGO GRANÍFERO

O sorgo granifero e uma das culturas que vem apresentando significativo aumento de produtividade e area plantada no Brasil, com isso vem a importância de cultivares com rendimento estavel. O trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o rendimento de graos e a interacao entre genotipos e ambiente (GxA) de 25 hibridos simples de sorgo granifero, em distintos ambientes. Para o estudo, foram conduzidos sete experimentos: um em Acreuna-GO, um em Itumbiara-GO, tres com diferentes saturacoes por aluminio, em Sete Lagoas-MG, um em Vilhena-RO e um em Teresina-PI. Os experimentos seguiram o delineamento de blocos casualizados, com tres repeticoes. Os genotipos avaliados foram: 0307401; 0090061; 0307363; 0307343; 0090035; 0307509; 0307421; 0307511; 0307541; 0577393; 0144015; 0307167; 0144013; 0307689; 9920045; 0307561; 0307671; 0577337; 0441347 e 0577335, esses provenientes do programa de melhoramento genetico da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo e as cultivares comerciais 1G220; Dow 822; BRS 308; 1G150 e BRS 310. Para a avaliacao estatistica, foi realizada a analise de variância e teste F. Para a realizacao de comparacoes multiplas de medias, foi realizado o teste de Scott e Knott (1974) e a estabilidade fenotipica foi mensurada pela analise de Annicchiarico (1992). O rendimento de graos foi dependente do ambiente. Os hibridos 0307689, 0307671, 1G220 0307343, 1G150, 0307363, BRS 308, 0009061, 9920045, BRS 310, 0307541 0441347, 0144015, 0307421 e 0307401,obtiveram destaque, por possuirem rendimento de graos superior a media geral (4,10 t.ha-1) e apresentaram maior estabilidade fenotipica, considerando todos os ambientes.