Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diurnal changes in blood ketone bodies, glucose and lipids according to energy intake in adult sheep

Summary. In order to establish the daily evolution of different blood components according to energy intake in sheep, blood samples were taken every hour during three periods of 24 or 48 hrs. The animals were underfed, fed at maintenance level or fed ad libitum. A rapid increase of blood acetoacetate and ! -hydroxybutyrate generally occurred 1 to 2 hrs after feeding. Daily fluctuations were larger in animals fed in a limited way than in those fed ad libitum. The mean daily blood concentration of ketone bodies depended more on individual differences than on the intake level. Food ingestion also induced an increase of glycemia, but it was not as evident as that of the ketone bodies and occurred later (3 or 4 hrs after feeding) ; glycemia also appeared to increase during the night. The level of food intake had no effect on mean blood glucose content nor on its evolution during the day. We could not conclude that there was an evolution of blood lipids in regard to their distribution, FFA content or FFA distribution during the day. It was also impossible to demonstrate an effect of food level intake on the blood lipids. intake levels, on these substances. Their findings are sometimes contradictory. The results in this paper were obtained from tests to determine the daily evolution of blood ketone bodies, glucose and lipids in our experimental conditions, i.e. sheep placed in metabolic cages and maintained on diets with varying energy intakes. chromogen and forms a colored complex measured with a photometer at nm wavelength. The results were expressed in mg/100 I of total blood. lipids analysed after deproteinization of the and extraction with an ethanol-ether mixture. The different classes of lipids were separated by thin layer chromatography on a silicagel H60 plate in the presence of benzine-ace-tone and then hexane. After development with Rhodamine 6G, the thin FFA’s from chromatography a Quantification level of food intake has a variable effect on the daily evolution of the different blood components. Our results are consistent with those of de Gasquet et al. (1977), who concluded that the amplitude of the daily ketone body graph depended on food conditions. This amplitude was higher in animals eating all their daily food in a few meals, while the fluctuations were small in animals fed ad libitum and distributing their food intake throughout the day. On the contrary, there was no significant effect of food intake level on blood glucose content or on the composition of blood lipids.
SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF A CORONAL MORETON WAVE

We observed a coronal wave (EIT wave) on 2011 February 16, using EUV imaging data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and EUV spectral data from the Hinode/EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS). The wave accompanied an M1.6 flare that produced a surge and a coronal mass ejection (CME). EIS data of the wave show a prominent redshifted signature indicating line-of-sight velocities of ∼20 km s−1 or greater. Following the main redshifted wave front, there is a low-velocity period (and perhaps slightly blueshifted), followed by a second redshift somewhat weaker than the first; this progression may be due to oscillations of the EUV atmosphere set in motion by the initial wave front, although alternative explanations may be possible. Along the direction of the EIS slit the wave front's velocity was ∼500 km s−1, consistent with its apparent propagation velocity projected against the solar disk as measured in the AIA images, and the second redshifted feature had propagation velocities between ∼200 and 500 km s−1. These findings are consistent with the observed wave being generated by the outgoing CME, as in the scenario for the classic Moreton wave. This type of detailed spectral study of coronal waves has hitherto been a challenge, but is now possible due to the availability of concurrent AIA and EIS data.
A comparison between the behavior of objective functions for waveform inversion in the frequency and Laplace domains

In the frequency domain, gradient-based local-optimization methods of waveform inversions have been unsuccessful at inverting subsurface parameters without an accurate starting model. Such methods could not correct automatically for poor starting models because multiple local minima madeitdifficulttoapproachthetrueglobalminimum.Inthis study,wecomparedthebehaviorofobjectivefunctionsinthe frequency and Laplace domains. Wavefields in the Laplace domain correspond to the zero-frequency component of a damped wavefield; thus, the Laplace-domain waveform inversion can image smooth velocity models. Objective functions in the Laplace-domain inversion have a smoother surface and fewer local minima than in the frequency-domain inversion.Weappliedthewaveforminversiontoa2Dsliceof the acoustic SEG/EAGE salt model in the Laplace domain and recovered smooth velocity models from inaccurate initial velocity conditions.We also successfully imaged velocities of the salt, SEG overthrust, and Institut Francais du PetroleMarmousimodelswiththefrequency-domaininversion method by using the inverted velocity model of the Laplacedomaininversionastheinitialmodel.
The rank of certain subfamilies of the elliptic curve Y^2 = X^3 - X + T^2

Let E be the elliptic curve over Q(T) given by the equation E : Y^2 = X^3 - X + T^2. It is known that the torsion subgroup is trivial, rankC(T)(E) = 2 and rankQ(T)(E) = 2. We find a parametrization of rank >= 3 over the function field Q(a, i, s, n, k, l) where s^2 = i^3 + a^2. From this we get families of rank >= 3 and >= 4 over fields of rational functions in four variables and a family of rank >= 5 parametrized by an elliptic curve of positive rank. We also found a particular elliptic curve with rank >= 11.
Concentrations , seasonal variations , and outflow of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) at Ningbo site , Eastern China

Thirty six pairs of gas and particle (PM2.5) atmospheric samples were collected by high–volume samplers from July 2009 to March 2010 at an eastern background site in Ningbo and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The total (gas+particle) air concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 11.0 to 103 ng m, with an average of 46.0±23.4 ng m. Seasonal trends of PAH concentrations were observed with high concentrations in winter and low in summer, mainly due to regional sources and meteorological conditions. The association with other airborne pollutants and diagnostic ratio analysis indicated that PAHs in Eastern China background were predominantly from coal/biomass combustion. Coal combustion controlled atmospheric PAHs in winter, whilst biomass burning became important in summer and autumn. Located at eastern coastal areas, Ningbo site was chosen to estimate the atmospheric outflow of PAHs. Transport fluxes were characterized by elevated values in spring and winter. Southward transport fluxes dominated during the sampling period, presenting the transport from northern to southern China.
WEATHER ON THE NEAREST BROWN DWARFS: RESOLVED SIMULTANEOUS MULTI-WAVELENGTH VARIABILITY MONITORING OF WISE J104915.57−531906.1AB

We present two epochs of MPG/ESO 2.2 m GROND simultaneous six-band (r′i′z′ JHK) photometric monitoring of the closest known L/T transition brown dwarf binary WISE J104915.57−531906.1AB. We report here the first resolved variability monitoring of both the T0.5 and L7.5 components. We obtained 4 hr of focused observations on the night of 2013 April 22 (UT), as well as 4 hr of defocused (unresolved) observations on the night of 2013 April 16 (UT). We note a number of robust trends in our light curves. The r′ and i′ light curves appear to be anti-correlated with z′ and H for the T0.5 component and in the unresolved light curve. In the defocused dataset, J appears correlated with z′ and H and anti-correlated with r′ and i′, while in the focused dataset we measure no variability for J at the level of our photometric precision, likely due to evolving weather phenomena. In our focused T0.5 component light curve, the K band light curve displays a significant phase offset relative to both H and z′. We argue that the measured phase offsets are correlated with atmospheric pressure probed at each band, as estimated from one-dimensional atmospheric models. We also report low-amplitude variability in i′ and z′ intrinsic to the L7.5 component.
Diabetic Vascular Complications & Inflammation - role of NFAT and TNFalpha

Vascular complications of diabetes account for the majority of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. Large clinical trials have identified hyperglycemia as a risk factor in the development of diabetic vascular complications. The effects of hyperglycemia on the vessel wall are not fully understood, but chronic vascular inflammation has been implicated to play a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. The aim of the studies included in this thesis was to investigate the role of the Ca2+-dependent transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) and the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in the vascular response to hyperglycemia. NFAT is a Ca2+-dependent transcription factor which was originally described in immune cells. The NFAT family consists of four isoforms (NFATc1-c4), all of which depend on dephosphorylation by the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin to translocate to the nucleus where it binds to DNA in order to induce changes in gene expression. We demonstrate that high glucose activates NFAT in native arteries in vitro and in vivo via the release of extracellular nucleotides acting on P2Y receptors, leading to increased [Ca2+]i and subsequent activation of calcineurin and NFATc3. It also decreases the export of NFATc3 from the nucleus by inhibition of GSK-3beta and JNK activity. Arteries of diabetic patients display increased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine osteopontin (OPN). Furthermore, plasma levels of OPN have been shown to correlate to the progression of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Using the NFAT inhibitor A-285222 and NFATc3 deficient mice, we provide evidence that hypeglycemia-induced OPN expression in macrovessels in vivo is NFATc3-dependent, implicating a role for NFAT in diabetic vascular inflammation. Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by changes in Ca2+ signaling and by increased expression of pro-inflammatory molecules. Our data show that retinal microvessels express NFAT and that hyperglycemia increases NFAT activity in retinal vessels in vivo also by a mechanism involving the release of extracellular nucleotides. Expression of the potent cytokine TNFalpha has been reported to associate with the presence and extent of diabetic complications. We show that hyperglycemia enhances macrophage infiltration and accumulation of autoantibodies in atherosclerotic plaques of hyperlipidemic mice, as well as in cerebral micro- and macrovessels. This hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory response of these vessels does however not depend on TNFα expression. In conclusion, our data suggest that NFAT is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications by acting as a metabolic sensor of the vascular wall, translating changes in blood glucose levels into changes in transcriptional activity. Contrary to our expectations TNFalpha seems to protect against diabetes-induced vascular inflammation rather than contribute to it. (Less)
Mine burial in the seabed of high-turbidity area (Belgian coastal zone): findings from a first experiment

The seabed of the North Sea is covered with ammunition dating back from World Wars I and II. With increasing human interference (e.g. fisheries, aggregate extraction, harbour related activities), it forms a threat to the safety at sea. In this study, test mines were deployed on a sandy seabed for three months to investigate mine burial processes as a function of hydrodynamic and meteorological conditions. The mine experiment was conducted in a shallow (9 m), macrotidal environment characterized by highly turbid waters (yearly and depth-averaged suspended particulate matter concentration of 100 mg l). Results showed some variability of the overall mine burial, which corresponded with scouring processes induced by a (sub-) tidal forcing mechanism. The main burial events however were linked to storm-related scouring processes, and subsequent mine roll into the resulting pit. Two storms affecting the mines during the 3-month experiment resulted in enduring increases in burial volume to 60% and 80%, respectively. More cyclic and ephemeral burial and exposure events appear to be linked to the local hydrodynamic regime. During slack tides, suspended sediment settles on the seabed, increasing the burial volume. In between slack tides, sediment is re-suspended, decreasing the burial volume. The temporal pattern of this never reported burial mechanism, as measured optically, mimics the cyclicity of the suspended sediment concentration as recorded by ultrasonic signals at a nearby benthic observatory. Given the similarity in response signals at the two sites, we hypothesize that the formation of high-concentrated mud suspensions (HCMS) is a mechanism causing short-term burial and exposure of mines. This short-term burial and exposure increase the chance that mines are ‘missed’ during tracking surveys. Test mines contribute to our understanding of the settling and erosion of HCMS, and thus shed a light on generic sedimentary processes.
Extended benefit entitlement periods and the duration of unemployment in West Germany

Germany1, as most other European countries, has been plagued by a persistently high level of long? term unemployment since the early 1980's. In contrast, long? term unemployment is much less of a problem in the United States. One potential reason for the different structure of unemployment relates to institutional differences in unemployment compensation systems. The German system is characterized by relatively high income? replacement ratios and extended benefit? entitlement periods which are often followed by the availability of open? ended unemployment or social assistance schemes. In contrast, unemployment insurance payments in the United States are terminated after about six months as a rule, and entitlement to subsequent welfare payments are only available to lone mothers and the disabled. Can these institutional differences explain the higher level of long? term unemployment in Germany relative to the United States?
Using flow cytometry and light-induced fluorescence to characterize the variability and characteristics of bioaerosols in springtime in Metro Atlanta, Georgia

Abstract. The abundance and speciation of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) is important for understanding their impacts on human health, cloud formation, and ecosystems. Towards this, we have developed a protocol for quantifying PBAP collected from large volumes of air with a portable wet-walled cyclone bioaerosol sampler. A flow cytometry (FCM) protocol was then developed to quantify and characterize the PBAP populations from the sampler, which were confirmed against epifluorescence microscopy. The sampling system and FCM analysis were used to study PBAP in Atlanta, GA, over a 2-month period and showed clearly defined populations of nucleic-acid-containing particles: low nucleic acid-content particles above threshold (LNA-AT) and high nucleic acid-content particles (HNA) likely containing wet-ejected fungal spores and pollen. We find that the daily-average springtime PBAP concentration (1 to 5 µm diameter) ranged between 1.4×104 and 1.1×105 m−3. The LNA-AT population dominated PBAP during dry days (72±18 %); HNA dominated the PBAP during humid days and following rain events, where HNA comprised up to 92 % of the PBAP number. Concurrent measurements with a Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor (WIBS-4A) showed that fluorescent biological aerosol particles (FBAP) and total FCM counts are similar; HNA (from FCM) moderately correlated with ABC-type FBAP concentrations throughout the sampling period (and for the same particle size range, 1–5 µm diameter). However, the FCM LNA-AT population, possibly containing bacterial cells, did not correlate with any FBAP type. The lack of correlation of any WIBS FBAP type with the LNA-AT suggests that airborne bacterial cells may be more difficult to unambiguously detect with autofluorescence than currently thought. Identification of bacterial cells even in the FCM (LNA-AT population) is challenging, given that the fluorescence level of stained cells at times may be comparable to that seen from abiotic particles. HNA and ABC displayed the highest concentration on a humid and warm day after a rain event (14 April 2015), suggesting that both populations correspond to wet-ejected fungal spores. Overall, information from both instruments combined reveals a highly dynamic airborne bioaerosol community over Atlanta, with a considerable presence of fungal spores during humid days and an LNA-AT population dominating the bioaerosol community during dry days.
Globular cluster population of the HST Frontier Fields galaxy J07173724+3744224

We present the first measurement of the globular cluster population surrounding the elliptical galaxy J07173724+3744224 ($z=0.1546$). This galaxy is located in the foreground in the field-of-view of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Frontier Fields observations of galaxy cluster MACS J0717.5+3745 ($z=0.5458$), and represents the third most-distant galaxy in which the globular cluster population has been examined. Based on deep HST ACS F435W, F606W, and F814W images, we find a total globular cluster population of $N_{tot}=3441\pm 1416$. Applying the appropriate extinction correction and filter transformation from ACS F814W to the Johnson V-band, we determine that the host galaxy has an absolute magnitude of $M_{V}=-22.2$. The specific frequency was found to be $S_{N}=4.5 \pm 1.8$. The radial profile of the globular cluster system was best fit using a powerlaw of the form $\sigma\sim R^{-0.6}$, with the globular cluster population found to be more extended than the halo light of the host galaxy ($\sigma_{halo}\sim R^{-1.7}$). The F435W-F814W colour distribution suggests a bimodal population, with red globular clusters $3\times$ more abundant than blue clusters. These results are consistent with the host elliptical galaxy J07173724+3744224 having formed its red metal-rich GCs in situ, with the blue metal-poor globular clusters accreted from low-mass galaxies.
Protective Effects of Urtica dioica and CimetidineÃÂ® on Liver FunctionFollowing Acetaminophen Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice

Studies have demonstrated that Urtica dioica promotes regeneration of the liver cells following damage by carbon tetrachloride. This study investigated the effects of Urtica dioica on liver function following acetaminophen overdose. Mice were divided into eight groups of ten each. Acetaminophen at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced red blood cells, neutrophils and albumins while mean corpuscular hemoglobin, lymphocytes, alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, prothrombin time and liver pathology were increased. Lactate dehydrogenase was significantly reduced in acetaminophen 250 mg/kg while acetaminophen 500 mg/kg significantly increased alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. Even after exposure to acetaminophen toxicity, mice pre-treated with Urtica dioica retained the following parameters within normal range: neutrophils, lymphocytes, alanine amino transferase, and liver integrity. Mice co-treated with the drug cimetidine had all parameters within normal except for aspartate amino transferase at acetaminophen dose of 500 mg/kg. The result suggests that Urtica dioica and cimetidine are both hemoprotective and hepatoprotective. They have potential in the management of acetaminophen toxicity.
The integrated scanning-nanoindentation system for dynamic mechanical characterization

OF THE THESIS The Integrated Scanning-Nanoindentation System for Dynamic Mechanical Characterization by Niravkumar H. Shah Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering San Diego State University, 2012 A novel method of scanning nano indentation system with flexure based mechanisms has been developed. Flexures are compliant structures that rely on material elasticity for their functionality and designed to produce geometrically defined motion upon application of a force. They allow highly repeatable motion without backlash or stiction associated with other motion transfer linkages. The system consists of flexure based linear motion vertical stage (Z-stage) act as mounting point for tool tip and also to measure the contact load of the tool onto sample surface, flexure based XY stage for horizontal positioning of the sample below the tool, Berkovich diamond indenter as tool tip. Application of the system to perform scratch test on material surface at fairly low loads was explored. The system was verified by performing scratch tests on aluminum and silicon samples and values were compared with literature values and found to be inline. The Current Activated Tip-Based Sintering (CATS) process was developed at San Diego State University to generate localized spark sintering effect by applying pressure and passing high levels of electric current through tip. Scratch experiments were performed on sintered Nickel specimen prepared by CATS at varying sintered depth and compared with results obtained by performing Vickers hardness tests and found be close.
The Dynamics of Relationship between Exports and Economic Growth in India

In this era of open economy, nations are concerned with increasing the quality of life of their citizens. And, the quality of life mainly comes from the macro-economic prosperity. Thus, fast growth of gross domestic Product has become the most important objective of any economy. There are various approaches to achieve this target of which one strategy is to promote exports of the country. At this juncture, an important issue immediately breaks the minds of economists and researchers, that is, whether export promotion leads to higher economic growth or economic growth promotes exports. Thus, this paper is an attempt to reinvestigate the dynamics of the relationship between exports and economic growth for India over the period 1970 to 2009. Applying popular time series econometric techniques of cointegration and vector error correction estimation, the study provides the evidence of stationarity of time series variables, existence of long-run equilibrium relation between them, and finally, the rejection of exportled growth hypothesis for India by the Granger causality test based on vector error correction model estimation.
Possible evidence of destroying small PAH particles by radiation from AGNs

The issue of destroying small polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) particles by radiation from AGNs is examined through optical narrow-emission line ratios of a sample of type II AGNs. We find that narrow-line ratios [OI]λ6300/Hα and [SII]λ6716, λ6731/Hα have prominent correlations with the PAH 11.3/7.7 ratio in our selected sample of AGNs. Because of the marginal (and in some cases no) dependence of the PAH ratio on the gas metallicity, a possible explanation for the correlations is the destruction of small PAH particles by the hard ionizing field associated with the AGNs.