Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on Mechanisms of Heat Acclimatization Due to Thermal Sweating : Comparison of Heat-tolerance between Japanese and Thai Subjects

Heat tolerance and sweat response to heat load of tropical subjects in Chiang Mai and temperate subjects in Nagasaki were compared under identical conditions. Male students in Chiang Mai (n=10) and in Nagasaki (n=10) volunteered for this study. The Thai subjects were a little shorter and slightly leaner than the Japanese. Heat load was applied on the legs by immersion into hot water (43•Ž) for 30 min in the room at 26.6•Ž and 33%rh. Sublingual (oral) temperature was measured with a thermistor probe and local sweat rate was measured by the capacitance hygrometer-sweat capsule method. Change in oral temperature, sweat onset time and local sweat volume were compared between Japanese and Thai. Initial oral temperatures (36.76•}0.11•Ž in Japanese, 36.71•}0.23•Ž in Thai) were identical, and no sweat was observed before heat load. Mean sweat onset time (9.3•}2.1 min chest in Japanese, 16.6•}5.6 min chest in Thai) were significantly longer and local sweat volume (10.19•}5.00 mg/cm2, chest in Japanese, 1.39•}0.91 mg/cm2, chest in Thai) was significantly smaller in Thai subjects than Japanese, however, oral temperature (37.18•}0.32•Ž) of Thai subjects was kept slightly lower than oral temperature (37.42•}0.10•Ž) of Japanese even under a 30 min heat load. Sweat volume on the abdomen was larger than on the chest in 9 of 10 Thai subjects. On the contrary, sweat volume on the chest was larger than that on the abdomen in 7 of 10 Japanese subjects. These results suggest that heat tolerance of tropical subjects in due to a more efficient evaporative ability due to a greater heat loss brought about by their long term exposure to heat. Furthermore, the habituation phenomenon related to the reduction of thermoregulatory effector mechanisms were also considered so as to clarify the mechanisms of thermal acclimatization.
Impact of Some Essential Oils on the Quality Aspect and Shelf Life of Meat

Plant essential oils (EOs) serve as a «safe» alternative to chemical or synthetic antimicrobials and antioxidants to struggle with the food borne pathogens or spoilage organisms, inhibiting lipid oxidation and thus extend shelf life of ground beef application. In our study, we investigated the effectiveness of thyme oil (Thymus vulgaris) at concentrations (1%, 1.5% and 2%) and cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) at concentrations (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) as natural preservatives as well as their ability to increase the shelf life of minced meat and also their effects on chemical, microbial analysis and sensory properties of minced meat when been stored at 2°C for 12 days storage period. thyme and cinnamon oils at different concentrations effect on improving sensory properties of minced meat, act as antioxidant, antimicrobial agent and extend shelf life of minced meat for 6 days more than control samples, thyme>cinnamon. High concentration of oil more effective in meat quality and shelf life more than lower concentrations used. thyme and cinnamon oils at different concentrations effect on improving sensory properties of minced meat, act as antioxidant, antimicrobial agent and extend shelf life of minced meat for 6 days more than control samples, thyme>cinnamon. High concentration of each of oil more effective in meat quality and shelf life more than lower concentrations used.
Test feedback and learning: Student preferences and perceived influence.

We examined student preferences for different forms of quiz feedback in the classroom and the perceived influence of these forms of feedback on learning. In 2 equivalent sections of an undergraduate university course in different semesters, students answered multiple-choice quiz questions about lecture content at the end of each class. The instructor provided 1 of 3 forms of feedback following each quiz question: (a) no feedback, (b) correct response feedback only, or (c) elaborative feedback consisting of the correct responses plus representation of the source material. Via online surveys both at the beginning and at the end of the semester, participants indicated their preferences for each type of feedback and their perceptions of the feedback’s influence on their learning of the material. Elaborative feedback was preferred over feedback containing only the correct response, and both were preferred over receiving no feedback. Participants reported the same ordering with respect to their perceived learning of the lecture content and even reported that they found receiving no feedback harmful to their learning. Implications for student engagement and for testing effects are discussed.
Instructional Strategies for Motivating Students: Reflections from 13 Years of Teaching in Higher Education

Abstract Keeping students constantly motivated is a challenge that many instructors in Higher Education (HE) find insurmountable. Stimulating students’ interest and motivation is important as it increases the likelihood that students will commit the time and effort necessary to achieve the learning objectives. While motivation is a potent factor in student learning, motivating students remains a hurdle that many practitioners in HE face. This paper explores instructional strategies that lecturers in HE can consider and probably adopt to enhance students’ motivation to learn. Drawing from theory and practice, the paper proposes motivational strategies. These range from making teaching/learning relevant to student lives, basing teaching and learning on students’ interest and background knowledge, developing skills of self-regulated learning in students, clarifying course goals and assisting students to develop their own study goals.
Tax Policy and Toxic Housing Bubbles in China

Abstract This paper explores the effects of a government tax policy in a growth model with economic transition and toxic housing bubbles applied to China. Such a policy combines taxing entrepreneurs with a one-time redistribution to workers in the same period. Under the tax policy, we find that the welfare improvement for workers is non-monotonic. In particular, there exists an optimal tax at which social welfare is maximized. Moreover, we consider the welfare effects of setting the tax at its optimum. We show that the tax policy can be welfare-enhancing, comparing to the case without active policies. The optimal tax may also yield a higher level of welfare than the case even without housing bubbles. In addition, our simple numerical exercise shows that the optimal tax rate is about 23%;, and social welfare is significantly improved with such a tax policy. Finally, we extend the benchmark economy to a multi-period setting and calibrate the model to China. Our results show that a 20%; tax rate can speed up economic transition and increase output growth. Between 1998 and 2012, aggregate consumption is 4.86%; higher under active tax policies.
The genetic diversity and relationships of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) inbred lines assessed by using SSR markers

Inbred lines are important germplasm in cauliflower breeding programs. To understand the genetic diversity and relationships of cauliflower inbred lines, the use of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers will be of great value for parental line selection and breeding strategy design. In this study, the genetic diversity and relationships of 165 cauliflower inbred lines primarily derived from southeast China were assessed using SSR markers. Forty-three SSR markers were polymorphic across these inbred lines and generated a total of 111 alleles. The mean values of the number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), Shannon’s Information index (I), and polymorphism information content (PIC) per locus were 2.581, 1.599, 0.517 and 0.316, respectively. Genetic distance values among all pairs of the inbred lines varied from 0 to 0.67 with an average of 0.30. On the basis of genetic distance data estimated with the SSR markers, the 165 cauliflower inbred lines were classified into four main clusters (from group Ⅰ to group Ⅳ) by cluster analysis and four subpopulations (from POP 1 to POP 4) by structure analysis. The classification patterns of most cauliflower inbred lines were not consistent with their curd maturity, curd solidity or geographic origins. These results based on estimates by the SSR markers, suggested the genetic diversity of the 165 cauliflower inbred lines was relatively narrow. Therefore, pyramiding the valuable genes among different types of the cauliflower inbred lines is important to increase the genetic diversity to obtain desirable hybridization combinations. The information generated in this report will be useful for assessing germplasm and breeding in cauliflower.
Concurrent and criterion validity of the 7 day-par in spanish adolescents

This study analyses the validity of the self-report questionnaire Seven Day Physical Activity Recall (7 Day-PAR) in Spanish adolescents. For this purpose, we analysed the relations of 7 Day-PAR data with accelerometer data (concurrent validity) and with the aerobic physical fitness and body fat percentage of the sample (criterion validity). The study was carried out with a sample of 123 Spanish adolescents ( M = 14.85, SD = .87). Physical activity (PA) was measured by the 7 Day-PAR and the Actigraph GT3X accelerometer. Aerobic fitness was estimated by the 20-m shuttle run test. Body fat percentage was measured using a bioelectrical impedance scale (Oregon Scientific GR101). The results revealed that the 7 Day-PAR showed acceptable validity for the measurement of very hard PA and low validity for hard PA, but it showed a problem in the measurement of moderate PA. It seems that young people find it difficult to report their moderate PA time properly, because it tends to be more sporadic, non-planned, and therefore less memorable and quantifiable than high-intensity activities. This article concludes with some suggestions to improve the validity of the 7 Day-PAR and the measurement of moderate PA.
Mitochondrial dysfunction as a mechanism of drug-induced hepatotoxicity: current understanding and future perspectives

Mitochondria are critical cellular organelles for energy generation and are now also recognized as playing important roles in cellular signaling. Their central role in energy metabolism, as well as their high abundance in hepatocytes, make them important targets for drug-induced hepatotoxicity. This review summarizes the current mechanistic understanding of the role of mitochondria in drug-induced hepatotoxicity caused by acetaminophen, diclofenac, anti-tuberculosis drugs such as rifampin and isoniazid, anti-epileptic drugs such as valproic acid and constituents of herbal supplements such as pyrrolizidine alkaloids. The utilization of circulating mitochondrial-specific biomarkers in understanding mechanisms of toxicity in humans will also be examined. In summary, it is well-established that mitochondria are central to acetaminophen-induced cell death. However, the most promising areas for clinically useful therapeutic interventions after acetaminophen toxicity may involve the promotion of adaptive responses and repair processes including mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, In contrast, the limited understanding of the role of mitochondria in various aspects of hepatotoxicity by most other drugs and herbs requires more detailed mechanistic investigations in both animals and humans. Development of clinically relevant animal models and more translational studies using mechanistic biomarkers are critical for progress in this area. Relevance for patients:This review focuses on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in liver injury mechanisms of clinically important drugs like acetaminophen, diclofenac, rifampicin, isoniazid, amiodarone and others. A better understanding ofthe mechanisms in animal models and their translation to patients will be critical for the identification of new therapeutic targets.
BOARD INDEPENDENCE, FAMILY CONTROL, AND PERFORMANCE IN TAIWANESE LISTED SEMICONDUCTOR COMPANIES

We examine the relationship between board independence, family control, and operating efficiency, and the moderating effect of family control on the relationship between board independence and operating efficiency. We apply the dynamic slacks-based measure (DSBM) model to estimate operating efficiency. Using a sample of 42 Taiwanese listed semiconductor companies for the period 2005-2012, we employ truncated regression with a bootstrapping procedure for multivariate analysis. The presence of board independence is significantly positively related to operating efficiency. Family control has a negative impact on operating efficiency. The positive effect of board independence on operating efficiency is significantly weakened in family companies.
Mapping a lateralization gradient within the ventral stream for auditory speech perception

Recent models on speech perception propose a dual-stream processing network, with a dorsal stream, extending from the posterior temporal lobe of the left hemisphere through inferior parietal areas into the left inferior frontal gyrus, and a ventral stream that is assumed to originate in the primary auditory cortex in the upper posterior part of the temporal lobe and to extend toward the anterior part of the temporal lobe, where it may connect to the ventral part of the inferior frontal gyrus. This article describes and reviews the results from a series of complementary functional magnetic resonance imaging studies that aimed to trace the hierarchical processing network for speech comprehension within the left and right hemisphere with a particular focus on the temporal lobe and the ventral stream. As hypothesized, the results demonstrate a bilateral involvement of the temporal lobes in the processing of speech signals. However, an increasing leftward asymmetry was detected from auditory–phonetic to lexico-semantic processing and along the posterior–anterior axis, thus forming a “lateralization” gradient. This increasing leftward lateralization was particularly evident for the left superior temporal sulcus and more anterior parts of the temporal lobe.
A study in dispossession: the political ecology of phosphate in Tunisia

This article seeks to evidence the social, environmental and political repercussions of phosphate extraction and transformation on two peripheral Tunisian cities (Gabes and Gafsa). After positing the difference between class environmentalism and political ecology, it addresses the harmful effects of phosphate transformation on the world's last coastal oasis and on various cities of the Gulf of Gabes. It then sheds light on the gross social, environmental and health inequalities brought about by phosphate extraction in the mining region of Gafsa. The confiscatory practices of the phosphate industry are subsequently linked with global production and distribution chains at the international level as well as with centralized and authoritarian forms of government at the national and local level. Dispossessed local communities have few alternatives other than violent protest movements and emigration towards urban centers of wealth. Using the recent experience in self-government in the Jemna palm grove, the article ends with a reflection on the possible forms of subaltern resistance to transnational extractivism and highlights the ambiguous role of the new "democratic state" as a power structure reproducing patterns of domination and repression inherited from the colonial period and cemented under the dictatorship of Ben Ali. Keywords: political ecology, transnational extractivism, phosphate, Tunisia.
Investigation of Major Success Factors on Building Construction Projects Management System in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Major success factors (MSFs) in construction industry are inputs to project management practice which can lead directly or indirectly to project success. Ethiopia is one of the developing countries which cannot achieve its construction project goals due to lack of adherence to different major success factors. This is also true in in the study area of Addis Ababa. The purpose of this study was to investigate major success factors in building construction projects of Addis Ababa. The data collection was conducted using questionnaire, desk review and interview. 120 questionnaires were distributed to 7 contractors, 4 clients, 5 consultants and 2 others companies. From 120 questionnaires, 81 questionnaires were returned back and used for analysis. From 68 identified major management success factors; decision making effectiveness, project delivery system, timely decision by owner/owner’s representative, contractor’s cash flow, leadership skills of project manager and adequacy of fund are the most significant success factors. Considering results of this research, in order to accomplish building construction projects successfully the management should have effective decision making ability. The project delivery system also has great role for accomplishing building projects successfully.
The Competence of Junior High School Economic-Social Studies Teachers in Research.

The objective of this study was to determine how different is the competence of between Junior High School Economic-Social Studies teachers in Indonesia, especially Java and outside of Java. The subjects of this study were teachers who participated in Curriculum 2013 dissemination activities carried out by the Directorate of Elementary and Secondary Education, Department of Education and Culture. Respondents were selected by simple random sampling, namely the Junior High School Economic-Social Studies teachers from Java and outside of Java. Instruments used to collect the data were in the form of questionnaires and documents. The data were analyzed using quanitative analysis. Results showed that the ability of teachers in Indonesia for research have not been evenly distributed proportionally. Junior high school teachers who served in Java have the ability to research better than the teacher outside Java. In Java which has a more complete educational facilities, teacher is easier to access books, research reports, experts, and other resources. The research competence of High School Economic-Social Studies teachers in Java have higher levels of competence of theoretical mastery, cognitive ability, and technical ability than teachers in outside of Java.
Zero-Shot Learning with Sparse Attribute Propagation

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) aims to recognize a set of unseen classes without any training images. The standard approach to ZSL requires a set of training images annotated with seen class labels and a semantic descriptor for seen/unseen classes (attribute vector is the most widely used). Class label/attribute annotation is expensive; it thus severely limits the scalability of ZSL. In this paper, we define a new ZSL setting where only a few annotated images are collected from each seen class. This is clearly more challenging yet more realistic than the conventional ZSL setting. To overcome the resultant image-level attribute sparsity, we propose a novel inductive ZSL model termed sparse attribute propagation (SAP) by propagating attribute annotations to more unannotated images using sparse coding. This is followed by learning bidirectional projections between features and attributes for ZSL. An efficient solver is provided, together with rigorous theoretic algorithm analysis. With our SAP, we show that a ZSL training dataset can now be augmented by the abundant web images returned by image search engine, to further improve the model performance. Moreover, the general applicability of SAP is demonstrated on solving the social image annotation (SIA) problem. Extensive experiments show that our model achieves superior performance on both ZSL and SIA.
Efficient protocols for the extraction of microbial DNA from the rhizosphere of hydrophilic forests in Chile

Se evaluo el uso de Buffer de lisis (Protocolo BA), Buffer de lisis modificado (Protocolo BA Mod) y el uso de kit comercial de extraccion (Protocolo PS Kit) (Power Soil, Mo bio Laboratories, CA USA) y su efectividad para producir ADN de calidad biologica con rendimientos que permitan su uso en estudios de biodiversidad. De igual forma, se evaluo el efecto del nitrogeno liquido en el proceso de ruptura celular en todos los protocolos estudiados. Se obtuvieron rendimientos de ADN desde 12,4 hasta 9620 ng g-1 de suelo procesado utilizando los metodos basados en el buffer de lisis modificado y kit de extraccion comercial. La calidad biologica del ADN se determino mediante la habilidad del ADN para producir eficientes y reproducibles Reacciones en Cadena de la Polimerasa utilizando partidores del ADN ribosomal 16 S y 18 S de bacterias y hongos, respectivamente. Se obtuvo ADN de calidad biologica para PCR en todos los protocolos, pero la eficiencia del metodo dependio de la dilucion del ADN previo al desarrollo de las PCRs. Los tres metodos de extraccion generaron productos de PCR por encima del 90% de las muestras analizadas. Se observo que el factor de dilucion del ADN afecta la eficiencia de la tecnica de PCR en los tres protocolos evaluados pues para la extraccion con Kit comercial, la mayor eficiencia en el PCR se obtuvo cuando la dilucion 10-1 fue utilizada. El metodo basado en el buffer de lisis produjo la mayor eficiencia (90%) utilizando la dilucion 10-2. Por otro lado, el protocolo buffer de lisis modificado genero la mas alta eficiencia utilizando la dilucion 10-3 con un 95% de eficiencia. Los metodos evaluados permiten, por primera vez, la obtencion eficiente y confiable de ADN de alta calidad a partir la rizosfera del bosque hidrofilo chileno.
The Effects of Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors on Emotion, Attention, and Performance During a Competitive Basketball Task.

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate whether prosocial and antisocial teammate behaviors affect emotions (i.e., happiness, anxiety, anger), attention, and performance. Undergraduate sport and exercise science students (N = 102) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: prosocial behavior, antisocial behavior, and control. They performed a basketball free-throw shooting task for 2 min in baseline and experimental phases and completed measures of emotions and attention. Free-throw shooting performance was also recorded. A series of analyses of covariances controlling for baseline scores showed that the prosocial group reported more happiness than the antisocial and control groups. The antisocial group reported more anxiety than the prosocial group and more anger and lower attention than the other 2 groups. The prosocial and antisocial groups performed better than the control group. These findings suggest that prosocial and antisocial teammate behaviors may influence the recipient's emotions, attention, and performance during sport competition.
Educational hypogamy and second births in Hungary

Recently, a growing body of literature examined the implications of the reversal of gender gap in education end educational hypogamy for family formation. However, less is known about the effect of educational hypogamy on second birth rates. In the present paper, we examine the effect of educational hypogamy on second birth rates in Hungary. Drawing on the economic theory of fertility and available data on sex- and education-specific average wages, we hypothesize that (1) educational hypogamy has a negative effect on second birth rates, and (2) the magnitude of that effect increases with female education. The hypotheses are tested using event history data from the first four waves of the Hungarian Generations and Gender Survey. The analyses are restricted to women born 1951-1980 who were partnered at the time of first birth. We find that educational hypogamy decreases second birth rates, especially among women born between 1971 and 1980. However, we do not find evidence which would support the second hypothesis. Rather, the effect of hypogamy is the largest among women with secondary education, but only in the 1971-1980 cohort. The findings may explain the U-shaped relationship between education and second birth rates.