Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inequity of rehabilitation services after traumatic injury.

BACKGROUND The delivery of optimal trauma care involves identification and repair of injuries as well as rehabilitation of patients to return them to their preinjury functional status. This requires access to appropriate rehabilitation services; however, such services may be disproportionately allocated to insured individuals leaving lower income individuals without the means to achieve optimal functional status. We hypothesized that a lack of insurance is associated with a reduced likelihood of being transferred to a rehabilitation facility after trauma. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis of blunt National Trauma Databank patients from 2000 to 2004 were assessed to identify predictors of being transferred to a rehabilitation facility at hospital discharge. The likelihood of rehabilitation transfer based on insurance status was assessed, controlling for injury severity, physiology, comorbidities, and patient demographics. RESULTS Age, gender, comorbidities, injury, presence of blood alcohol at admission, race, and insurance status were independent predictors of being transferred to a rehabilitation facility among blunt trauma patients (n = 750,468). Patients who were uninsured were 53% (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.41-0.53) less likely to be transferred to a rehabilitation facility upon hospital discharge. CONCLUSION Although access to rehabilitation services after injury is a key predictor of recovery from injury, these services are much less available to uninsured patients. This may lead to significant individual and societal emotional and economic burden. The health and economic impacts of this disparity in access to care need to be investigated to determine the personal and societal impact of appropriate resource allocation to rehabilitation for the uninsured.
Interactive 3D visualization of ensemble weather forecasts

This thesis investigates the application of 3D visualization and of ensemble visualization techniques to weather forecasting. I present “Met.3D”, a new open-source tool utilising modern GPU hardware to achieve interactive 3D visualization of numerical ensemble weather predictions in a way suited to weather forecasting. Focussing on a particular use case, I demonstrate the application of Met.3D to forecasting warm conveyor belt situations during aircraft-based atmospheric field campaigns.
Job Market Paper Do Tests of Capital Structure Theory Mean What They Say ?

In the presence of frictions firms adjust their capital structure only infrequently. As a consequence, in a dynamic economy the leverage of most firms, most of the time, is likely to differ from the “optimum” leverage at the time of readjustment. This paper explores the empirical implications of this observation. A calibrated dynamic trade-off model with adjustment costs is used to simulate firms’ capital structure paths. The results of standard cross-sectional tests on this data are found to be qualitatively and, in some cases, even quantitatively consistent with those reported in the empirical literature. In particular, the standard interpretation of some test results would lead to the rejection of the model used to generate the data. The framework can explain a number of observed puzzles related to leverage. In particular, in the simulated cross-sectional samples leverage: (a) is inversely related to profitability; (b) can be largely explained by stock returns; (c) is mean-reverting. The results suggest that, in the presence of infrequent adjustment, cross-sectional properties of economic variables in dynamics may be fundamentally different from those derived assuming that they are always at their target levels. Taken together, the results suggest a rethinking of the way capital structure tests are conducted.
Ocular infections caused by Candida species: Type of species, in vitro susceptibility and treatment outcome

Purpose: To report clinical and microbiological profile of patients with ocular candidiasis. Materials and Methods: Patients with ocular candidiasis were retrospectively identified from microbiology records. Significant isolates of Candida species were identified by Vitek 2 compact system. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antifungal agents such as amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole and caspofungin was determined by E test and of natamycin by microbroth dilution assay. Data on treatment and outcome were collected from medical records. Results: A total of 42 isolates of Candida were isolated from patients with keratitis-29, endophthalmitis-12 and orbital cellulitis-1. The most common species isolated was Candida albicans (12-keratitis, 4-endophthalmitis, 1-orbital cellulitis). All except one isolate were susceptible to amphotericin B. MIC of caspofungin was in the susceptible range in 28 (96.5%) corneal isolates while 12 out of 29 (41.3%) corneal isolates were sensitive to fluconazole. Resistance to voriconazole was seen in four corneal isolates. All isolates were susceptible to natamycin and all except two isolates were resistant or susceptible dose-dependent to itraconazole. Outcome of healed ulcer was achieved in 12/18 (66.6%) patients treated medically, while surgical intervention was required in 11 patients. Among the isolates from endophthalmitis patients, 11/12 were susceptible to amphotericin B, 6/12 to voriconazole and all to natamycin. Ten out of 11 patients (one patient required evisceration) with endophthalmitis were given intravitreal amphotericin B injection with variable outcome. Conclusions: Ocular candidiasis needs early and specific treatment for optimal results. Candida species continue to be susceptible to most commonly available antifungals including amphotericin B, voriconazole and natamycin.
Discovery of a new Galactic bona fide luminous blue variable with Spitzer

We report the discovery of a circular mid-infrared shell around the emission-line star Wray 16137 using archival data of the Spitzer Space Telescope. Follow-up optical spectroscopy of Wray 16-137 with the Southern African Large Telescope revealed a rich emission spectrum typicaloftheclassicalluminousbluevariables(LBVs)likePCygni.Subsequentspectroscopic and photometric observations showed drastic changes in the spectrum and brightness during the last three years, meaning that Wray 16-137 currently undergoes an S Dor-like outburst. Namely, we found that the star has brightened by ≈1 mag in the V and Ic bands, while its spectrum became dominated by Fe II lines. Taken together, our observations unambiguously show that Wray 16-137 is a new member of the family of Galactic bona fide LBVs.
The islet autoantibody titres: their clinical relevance in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and the classification of diabetes mellitus

Latent autoimmune diabetes in the adult (LADA) is a slowly progressive form of autoimmune diabetes, characterized by diabetes‐associated autoantibody positivity. A recent hypothesis proposes that LADA consists of a heterogeneous population, wherein several subgroups can be identified based on their autoimmune status. A systematic review of the literature was carried out to appraise whether the clinical characteristics of LADA patients correlate with the titre and numbers of diabetes‐associated autoantibodies. We found that the simultaneous presence of multiple autoantibodies and/or a high‐titre anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)—compared with single and low‐titre autoantibody—is associated with an early age of onset, low fasting C‐peptide values as a marker of reduced pancreatic B‐cell function, a high predictive value for future insulin requirement, the presence of other autoimmune disorders, a low prevalence of markers of the metabolic syndrome including high body mass index, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, and a high prevalence of the genotype known to increase the risk of Type 1 diabetes. We propose a more continuous classification of diabetes mellitus, based on the finding that the clinical characteristics gradually change from classic Type 1 diabetes to LADA and finally to Type 2 diabetes. Future studies should focus on determining optimal cut‐off points of anti‐GAD for differentiating clinically relevant diabetes mellitus subgroups.
Use of the Bovine Prolactin Gene (bPRL) for Estimating Genetic Variation and Milk Production in Aboriginal Russian Breeds of Bos taurus L.

© 2013 Lazebnaya et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Use of the Bovine Prolactin Gene (bPRL) for Estimating Genetic Variation and Milk Production in Aboriginal Russian Breeds of Bos taurus L.
Spatial contrast sensitivity of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat.

1. The responses to visual stimuli of cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat were recorded with micro‐electrodes. 2. Maps made with small spots of light showed that most units had concentrically organized receptive fields. Some units gave ‘on‐off’ responses to spots flashed anywhere within the receptive field. These units were not directionally selective. 3. By the use of grating patterns as stimuli, units with concentrically organized receptive fields could be divided into groups that showed linear or non‐linear spatial summation. Those unit showing linear spatial summation behaved like the ‘X’ cells of the cat, those showing non‐linear summation like ‘Y’ cells. 4. ‘On‐off’ units showed non‐linear spatial summation of a kind that readily distinguished them from Y cells. 5. Measurements of spatial contrast sensitivity made with moving gratings showed, for both X and Y cells, peak sensitivities for spatial frequencies between 0.05 and 0.09 c/deg X and Y cells were not distinguished by their preferred spatial frequencies at any eccentricity.
The Cost of Hospitalization for the Late Complications of Diabetes in the United States

Estimates of the cost of diabetes should take into account the development of complications. Patient records identified from the 1987 National Hospital Discharge Survey were used to evaluate the risk of hospitalization due to late complications. Hospitalization for diabetic nephropathy reached a peak of 6.74/1000 between the ages of 45 and 54 years, compared to 0.14 to 1.80/1000 in controls. Diabetic patients ≥ 45 years of age were 46 times more likely to be hospitalized due to neuropathy. The risk of cardiovascular complications is high, with a greater incidence of arterial than venous disorders. Diabetic patients were 22 times more likely to be admitted for skin ulcers/gangrene, 15 times more likely due to peripheral vascular disease, and 10 times due to atherosclerosis. The risk of cerebrovascular accident and heart disease was 6 to 10 times greater in diabetic patients. Seventy‐five per cent of diabetic cardiovascular disorders are myocardial infarction or chronic ischaemia. Hospitalization from renal complications occurs at younger ages than in the general population. Ophthalmic complications increase with age. Diabetic complications account for 2% of the total hospital admissions in the US in 1987. The total cost of the treatment of late diabetic complications was estimated at $5091 million (cardiovascular 74%; renal diseases 10%; nephropathy 3.6%; ophthalmic disorders 1.5%; other unspecified diseases 10%).
Dispensability of Jak1 tyrosine kinase for interleukin‐2‐induced cell growth signaling in a human T cell line

The tyrosine kinases Jak1 and Jak3 are known to be associated with the β and γ chains of interleukin‐2 receptor (IL‐2R). They are activated by stimulation with IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐7, IL‐9, or IL‐15, receptors of which share the γ chain of the IL‐2R. We have obtained direct evidence of Jak1 association with the α chains of receptors for IL‐4, IL‐7 and IL‐9 and with the β chain of IL‐2R, which is also common to the IL‐15R. Furthermore, we have prepared mutant IL‐2R β chains with a mutation in the box 1 region, which is conserved among the IL‐2R β chain and the α chains of the other cytokine receptors sharing the IL‐2R γ chain. Using MOLT‐4 transfectants with the mutant β chains, we found that two conserved proline residues within the box 1 region are essentially involved in association with Jak1. The MOLT‐4 transfectants with the mutant β chains lacking Jak1 association showed IL‐2 responsiveness, in terms of activation of Jak3 and Stat5 and induction of cell growth, indicating that Jak1 is dispensable for IL‐2‐mediated cell growth signaling and that Jak1 activation is not required for activation of Jak3 and Stat5 in the MOLT‐4 transfectants.
The role of oxygen monitoring during photodynamic therapy and its potential for treatment dosimetry

Understanding of the biology of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has expanded tremendously over the past few years. However, in the clinical situation, it is still a challenge to match the extent of PDT effects to the extent of the disease process being treated. PDT requires drug, light and oxygen, any of which can be the limiting factor in determining efficacy at each point in a target organ. This article reviews techniques available for monitoring tissue oxygenation during PDT. Point measurements can be made using oxygen electrodes or luminescence-based optodes for direct measurements of tissue pO_2, or using optical spectroscopy for measuring the oxygen saturation of haemoglobin. Imaging is considerably more complex, but may become feasible with techniques like BOLD MRI. Pre-clinical studies have shown dramatic changes in oxygenation during PDT, which vary with the photosensitiser used and the light delivery regimen. Better oxygenation throughout treatment is achieved if the light fluence rate is kept low as this reduces the rate of oxygen consumption. The relationship between tissue oxygenation and PDT effect is complex and remarkably few studies have directly correlated oxygenation changes during PDT with the final biological effect, although those that have confirm the value of maintaining good oxygenation. Real time monitoring to ensure adequate oxygenation at strategic points in target tissues during PDT is likely to be important, particularly in the image guided treatment of tumours of solid organs.
Fluid‐phase and adsorptive endocytosis in ciliated epithelial cells of the rat ductuli efferentes

Ciliated cells of the ductuli efferentes show at their apex a discrete endocytic apparatus composed of small vesicles connected to or subjacent to the apical plasma membrane, small apical membranous tubules, and pale multivesicular bodies. Deeper in the cytoplasm, there are acid phosphatase‐positive denser, multivesicular bodies and secondary lysosomes showing an electron‐dense cortex and a crystalline, paler stained core. Cationic ferritin and concanavalin A‐ferritin used to demonstrate adsorptive endocytosis, when injected into the rete testis, rapidly reached the lumen of the ductuli efferentes. At 1 min after injection, these tracers were seen bound to the apical plasma membrane of ciliated cells and within small endocytic vesicles and by 5 min in narrow apical tubules. At 15 and 30 min after injection, the tracers appeared in pale multivesicular bodies while at 1 hr they were found within dense multivesicular bodies. At 2 hr and longer time intervals these tracers accumulated within secondary lysosomes. Native ferritin, concanavalin A‐ferritin in the presence of α‐methyl‐D‐mannoside, and horseradish peroxidase or albumin‐colloidal gold complexes were used to analyze fluid‐phase endocytosis. At various intervals following their injection into the rete testis, these tracers presented a distribution identical in all respects to that described for cationic ferritin and concanavalin A‐ferritin. In the present work, none of the above tracers were transported to the abluminal aspect of the ciliated cells. These cells, like the nonciliated epithelial cells of the ductuli efferentes are thus involved in adsorptive as well as in fluid‐phase endocytosis.
On Titanium Oxide Spray Deposited Thin Films for Solar Cells Applications

Titanium oxide is one of the most promising candida te for relatively low cost, simple manufacture and high-performance new generation solar cells and the recent achievements in DSSC solar cells efficiencies and life time confirm the fact that th ese new generation solar cells becomes one of the future solutions in energy conversion. In DSSC solar cells the presence of a dense titanium oxide layer is necessary in order to avoid short circuits between electrodes. Then, the interest to have a second porous TiO 2 layer is determined by the fact that compared to a flat surface, a dye-sensitized porous surface area increase the absorption and hen ce conduct to the increase of solar cells efficiencies. Generally these two layers are prepared by successi ve depositions using two different methods. In this paper we present a simple techniqu e to prepare both layers during the same spraying process. Films morphology and structure of titanium oxide deposited on glass and ITO substrate was investigated by AFM, SEM and XRD respectively.
Corticotropin in the treatment of tuberculosis. A controlled study.

Historical Introduction Throughout the field of medicine, the use of corticotropin and the corticosteroid hormones has been controversial. This has especially been true in tuberculosis. The history of the use of the hormones in this disease falls into three phases. During the first phase, the hormones were used without any antituberculous therapy. This resulted in spread of active disease and reactivation of quiescent disease in tuberculous patients and the appearance of fresh disease in nontuberculous patients. This phase ended with the publication of the report of the Committee on Therapy of the American Trudeau Society (1952), which virtually placed an interdiction on the use of these hormones in tuberculosis. During the second phase, they were little used, especially in the United States. In Europe, some critically ill patients were treated with a combination of steroid hormones and antituberculous chemotherapy. Later, large numbers of patients treated with this combination were reported
The breast carcinoma screening interval is important

have raised the long-standing question of the how fre-quently women should be screened for breast carcinoma. The currentlevel of uncertainty regarding the best screening interval is reﬂectedin the diversity of recommendations. In the U.S., the American CancerSociety, American Medical Association, and other major organiza-tions recommend annual screening beginning by the age of 40 years.The National Cancer Institute recommends screening “every one totwo years. ” Biennial screening is recommended in Canada, Australia,and much of Europe. In Sweden it is recommended every 18 monthsfor women ages 40–49 years and every 24 months for women age$ 50 years, whereas in the United Kingdom screening is performedevery 3 years. These diverse recommendations largely have arisen inisolation from any empiric guidance with regard to the effect of thescreening interval on the ability of mammography to reduce deathsfrom breast carcinoma. The three recent articles
Advances and Perspectives of the use of the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae for the control of arthropod pests in poultry production

Global poultry production is plagued by a wide variety of arthropods. The problems associated with their chemical control have led to an increasing search for control alternatives, and entomopathogenic fungi seem to be a promising strategy. Despite the large number of insects and mites considered as important pests in animal production, studies on the use of entomopathogenic fungi for their control are still scarce compared with agricultural pests, particularly in Brazil. This article reviews some damages and control aspects of the main arthropod pests that affect Brazilian poultry production, including house flies, lesser mealworms, and feather mites, by the use of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Studies published in the last 20 years were reviewed, and the main problems and limitations of that pest-control strategy are discussed.
Medication Compliance in Elderly Outpatients Using Twice-Daily Dosing and Unit-of-Use Packaging

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of unit-of-use drug packaging of medications on compliance among elderly outpatients treated with complex medication regimens. DESIGN: Nonblind, randomized, clinical trial. SETTING: Geriatric outreach health centers in urban public housing units for independent-living elderly people. PATIENTS: Thirty-one patients (aged ≥60 y), each taking three or more prescribed medications. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three study groups: Group 1 (n=12), no change in dosing or packaging; group 2 (n=10), conventional packaging with twice-daily dosing; group 3 (n=9), unit-of-use packaging with twice-daily dosing. INTERVENTION: A unit-of-use package consisting of a two-ounce plastic cup with a snap-on lid containing all medications to be taken at the time of dosing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Medication compliance was assessed monthly for six months using tablet counts. RESULTS: Medication compliance was significantly better in group 3 (92.6 percent) using unit-of-use packaging compared with either group 1 (79 percent) or group 2 (82.6 percent) (p=0.017). Compliance did not differ between groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: In this small study of elderly outpatients taking three or more medications, unit-of-use packaging and twice-daily dosing improved medication compliance compared with conventional packaging.
Molecular Phylogeny of Avian Genus Syrmaticus Based on the Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene and Control Region

Abstract Mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b (cyt b) and control region (CR) nucleotide sequences were used to study the molecular phylogeny of the genus Syrmaticus. We found that the substitution rates among the three codon positions of cyt b were heterogeneous and the transition-transversion ratio was highly biased. As to CR sequences of the genus, most variable sites were in the peripheral domains. All molecular phylogenetic trees based on the two genes showed that: 1) the Syrmaticus was monophyletic and included five species with the following cladistic relationship: (S. reevesii, (S. soemmerringii, (S. mikado, (S. humiae and S. ellioti)))). Using the TN genetic distance of cyt b, we inferred the divergence time of the five species according to putative molecular clock and found that values were largely in agreement with the geological scenarios. The origin and speciation processes of the studied group were inferred by combining molecular and biogeographical evidences.