Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elastic anomalies associated with transformation sequences in perovskites: II. The strontium zirconate–titanate Sr(Zr,Ti)O3 solid solution series

The sequence of phase transitions due to octahedral tilting across the Sr(Zr,Ti)O3 solid solution series has been investigated by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy at high and low temperatures using ceramic samples. The elastic behaviour associated with phase transitions as a function of composition in Sr(Zr,Ti)O3 at room temperature is proposed to be analogous to that as a function of temperature in SrZrO3, with the transition at SrZr0.57Ti0. 43O3, at SrZr0.35Ti0. 65O3, and at SrZr0.05Ti0. 95O3. Changes in elastic constants and acoustic dissipation with temperature have been analysed for samples across the compositional range. The intermediate phases, I4/mcm and what is assumed to be Imma, appear to have stability fields across the full compositional range and both show large dissipation effects, most probably due to twin wall mobility. In contrast, the Zr-rich Pnma phase, which should contain transformation twin walls, is an unexpectedly stiff and non-dissipating material, similar to the high temperature and/or Ti-rich phase. In the case of Pnma, this is attributed to coupling between the two order parameters, which could impede relaxation responses to an applied stress. The structure is a classically stiff cubic perovskite and no transformation-related dissipation processes are expected.
Predicting the Risk of Incident Hypertension in a Korean Middle‐Aged Population: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

The objectives of this study were to construct a risk score for predicting incident hypertension by using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) data and to compare the performance between KoGES and the Framingham model. A total of 4747 participants were analyzed. The entire cohort was randomly assigned to derivation and validation sets at a ratio of 6:4. A hypertension risk score was developed based on the derivation cohort, using the same risk factors that were used for developing the Framingham hypertension risk score. The accuracy of KoGES and Framingham models was evaluated in terms of calibration and discrimination. The area under receiver operating characteristic (AROC) curves were 0.789 for the Framingham model and 0.791 for the KoGES model. The AROC calculated for the point‐based risk score was 0.790, which is almost identical to that for the KoGES model. The Framingham model showed poor agreement (χ2=29.73, P=.0002) and underestimated the risk of hypertension in most deciles of predicted risk. The model based on KoGES yielded results similar to the observed risk of hypertension (χ2=4.17, P=.8415). This study demonstrates that the Framingham risk score based on data from a non‐Korean population can lead to the underestimation of the prediction risk of hypertension.
Equilibrium lines and crystal phases under pressure

A crystal phase in equilibrium under changing pressure traces out a line in structure space where each point corresponds to a structure. Along that equilibrium line the structure and all static properties describe the static behavior of the phase, including two sets of elastic constants and the bulk modulus. We discuss and illustrate the calculation of the equilibrium line and the properties from both the Gibbs free energy and the internal energy. We show that the bulk modulus, which gives a stress to strain ratio along the equilibrium line, has a universal relation independent of pressure to that set of elastic constants which control the stability, but not to the set of elastic constants appearing in the stress–strain relations at constant pressure.
Genistein represses PEPCK‐C expression in an insulin‐independent manner in HepG2 cells and in alloxan‐induced diabetic mice

Genistein has been reported to exert beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved therein have not been clearly elucidated. To address this question, the effect of genistein on the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and glucose production in HepG2 cells and in alloxan‐induced diabetic mice was investigated. HepG2 cells were exposed to different concentration of genistein in presence or absence of modulators, and the expression of cytosolic PEPCK (PEPCK‐C) and the signaling pathways was studied. Further, the biological relevance of the in vitro study was tested in alloxan‐induced diabetic mice. Genistein lowered PEPCK‐C expression and glucose production in HepG2 cells accompanied with increased in phosphorylation states of AMPK, MEK½, ERK½, and CRTC2. Treatment with the AMPK inhibitor (compound C) enhanced genistein‐induced MEK½ and ERK½ activity indicating a potential cross‐talk between the two signaling pathways. In vivo, genistein also reduced fasting glucose levels accompanied with reduced PEPCK‐C expression and increased in AMPK and ERK½ phosphorylation states in the liver of genistein‐treated alloxan‐induced diabetic mice. Genistein fulfills the criteria of a suitable anti‐diabetic agent by reducing glucose production and inhibiting PEPCK‐C expression in HepG2 cells and also in alloxan‐induced diabetic mice. These results indicate that genistein is an effective candidate for preventing T2DM through the modulation of AMPK‐CRTC2 and MEK/ERK signaling pathways, which may allow a novel approach to modulate dysfunction in hepatic gluconeogenesis in T2DM.
New insight into the control of peptic ulcer by targeting the histamine H2 receptor

Peptic ulcer disease is one of the major challenges in public health globally and new evidence shows that it can be controlled by targeting the histamine H2 receptor (H2R). Recently, a number of H2R antagonists have been synthesized and used to block the action of histamine on the parietal cells in the stomach and decrease the acid production. In this study, we modeled the H2R by homology modeling using the 3‐D crystal structure and this model was validated based on free energy and amino acid residues present in the allowed regions of a Ramachandran plot. We used this 3‐D model for screening of highly potent drugs using molecular docking. We found cimetidine, cimetex, and famotidine as the most potent drugs based on the binding affinity of drug‐protein interactions. We also generated a cellular network for H2R that could be useful for better understanding of cellular mechanism and drug targets. These findings provide a new insight into the development of suitable, specific, and effective anti‐ulcer drugs for a most effective treatment of ulcerous diseases.
Naringenin inhibits osteoclastogenesis through modulation of helper T cells‐secreted IL‐4

Naringenin (NAR) is a natural predominant flavanone and has a wide range of pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective mechanisms of NAR on RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast bone resorption. T cells were divided into four groups under different concentrations of NAR (0, 25, 50, 100 µM). CD4+ T cell subsets in different groups were evaluated by flow cytometry. TRAP staining, pit formation assays and F‐actin ring immunofluorescent staining were performed. In addition, gene expression of osteoclast‐specific markers was analyzed by qPCR and Western blot. Our results showed that compared with the control group, there were relatively fewer Th1 and Th17 cells and more Th2 cells and Treg cells in the NAR groups. Besides, the number of TRAP‐positive multinucleated osteoclasts, the areas of bone resorption pits and the size and number of F‐actin rings were notably decreased in the bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) treated with T‐cell supernatant containing NAR. Moreover, NAR treatment dramatically reduced the expressions of cathepsin K, c‐Fos, DC‐STAMP, NFATc1, TRAP, and V‐ATPase d2 at mRNA and protein levels. However, these effects were abolished by adding a neutralizing antibody against IL‐4. In conclusion, NAR suppressed RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast bone resorption by promoting the release of IL‐4 from T cells.
Apelin and Relaxin Plasma Levels in Young Healthy Offspring of Patients With Essential Hypertension

Epidemiologic studies have shown that healthy offspring of hypertensive patients exhibit many features of the metabolic syndrome, such as hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and lipid disorders, while hypoapelinemia and hyporelaxinemia may contribute to vascular damage that accelerates atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine apelin and relaxin plasma levels in the healthy offspring of hypertensive patients and to compare the findings with those of healthy offspring of healthy parents, matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Forty‐six (24 men and 22 women) healthy offspring of hypertensive patients, mean age 18±3 years and BMI 22.4±1.4 kg/m2 (group A), and 50 healthy offspring of healthy parents (28 men and 22 women), mean age 18±3.2 years and BMI 22.6±1.7 kg/m2 (group B), were studied. The apelin and relaxin plasma levels (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method) were determined in the study population. The two groups were matched for age, sex, and BMI. Plasma apelin levels (6±3 vs 105 pg/mL, P<.001) and relaxin plasma levels (20±7 vs 29±8 pg/mL, P<.001) were significantly lower in group A compared with group B, respectively. Our findings suggest that healthy offspring of healthy parents have significantly lower plasma apelin and relaxin levels. This group of individuals needs closer follow‐up and further examination.
MicroRNA‐103 confers the resistance to long‐treatment of adriamycin to human leukemia cells by regulation of COP1

Adriamycin (ADR) is an anti‐cancer drug which offers improvement in survival for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, the drug resistance is almost inevitable. Increasing evidences suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) were associated with cancer chemo‐resistance. Here, we aimed to explore the possible mechanism of miR‐103 affected resistance to ADR in AML cells. Different concentrations of ADR were used to induce K562 and KASUMI‐1 cells, and miR‐103 mimic, inhibitor were transfected into K562 and KASUMI‐1 cells. Cell viability and proliferation were determined by trypan blue staining and MTT assays for evaluating K562 and KASUMI‐1 cells drug resistance. The relationship of miR‐103 and COP1, Trib1, and C/EBPα were analyzed by qRT‐PCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation, viability were detected again. Besides, the expressions of main factors of cell cycle and PI3K/AKT signal pathway were analyzed by Western blot. Results showed that ADR inhibited cell viability and proliferation in K562 and KASUMI‐1 cells. However, K562 and KASUMI‐1 cells appeared drug resistance for 50 passages at 0.8 µM of ADR. In addition, miR‐103 expression was up‐regulated in ADR‐resistant K562 cells (K562/ADR) and overexpression of miR‐103 increased K562 cells drug resistance via promoting cell viability and cell cycle‐related factors expressions. COP1 was positively regulated by miR‐103, suppression of miR‐103 recovered K562/ADR cells drug resistance by regulation of COP1, Trib1, and C/EBPα. Besides, miR‐103 blocked PI3K/AKT signal pathway by regulation of COP1. These data indicated that miR‐103 was up‐regulated in drug resistant cells and it may regulate ADR‐resistance by regulation of COP1 in AML cells.
Design of heart valves: A review

Each of the major cardiac valves (two arterial and two atrioventricular) is made up of a fibrous annulus with a characteristic configuration, and cusps or leaflets comprising a layer of endocardium folded over a fibrous lamina. Each of the arterial valves (aortic and pulmonary) has an annulus shaped like a three‐pronged coronet to which are attached three equal‐sized semilunar cusps. The arterial wall beyond each cusp forms a pocket or sinus which is crucial in the efficient closure of these valves. The coronary arterial orifices in the aorta lie high in two of the sinuses or above them and are unaffected by valve action. Narrowing of the annulus is a significant component of closure of each cardiac valve, more so for the atrioventricular valves than the arterial. Despite their traditional terminology, the left and right atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid) both possess more than three leaflets each. Closure of these valves is not dependent on the number of leaflets and it is easiest to regard leaflet tissue as a continuous veil or skirt tapering towards the ventricles, where it is tethered to papillary muscles by means of chordae tendineae. Closure of these valves is biphasic, an incomplete phase in late diastole and complete closure during ventricular systole. Movement of atrioventricular leaflet tissue is slight as it is held down by tension of the chordae tendineae. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect and mechanism of long noncoding RNAs HOTAIR on occurrence and development of gastric cancer

In this study, we aimed at looking for the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) abnormally expressed in gastric cancer (GC) tissues and analyzing the association of its expression level with the clinicopathological feature and patient prognosis. The biological function of this lncRNA in occurrence and development of GC was studied in vivo and in vitro. The underlying molecular mechanism was further discussed.
Using the Global Burden of Disease Study to Assist Development of Nation‐Specific Fact Sheets to Promote Prevention and Control of Hypertension and Reduction in Dietary Salt: A Resource From the World Hypertension League

Increased blood pressure and high dietary salt are leading risks for death and disability globally. Reducing the burden of both health risks are United Nations' targets for reducing noncommunicable disease. Nongovernmental organizations and individuals can assist by ensuring widespread dissemination of the best available facts and recommended interventions for both health risks. Simple but impactful fact sheets can be useful for informing the public, healthcare professionals, and policy makers. The World Hypertension League has developed fact sheets on dietary salt and hypertension but in many circumstances the greatest impact would be obtained from national‐level fact sheets. This manuscript provides instructions and a template for developing fact sheets based on the Global Burden of Disease study and national survey data.
THE WORKING BRAIN (AN INTRODUCTION TO NEUROPSYCHOLOGY)

CLINICAL NEUROSURGERY Edited by Barnes Wordall. Vol. 18. (Pp. 557; illustrated; £8 25.) Churchill Livingstone: Edinburgh. 1971. CLINICAL NEUROSURGERY Edited by G. T. Tindall. Vol. 19. (Pp. 598; illustrated; £12.) Churchill Livingstone: Edinburgh. 1972. The Congress of Neurosurgeons began in 1951 on the initiative of a group of younger neurosurgeons. In the last 20 years its membership has grown from 69 to over 1,000, but it has retained its original intentions and virility by a constitution which ensured that the office bearers and organizers were always young men. Residents in training are encouraged to join, financial concessions make it possible for them to attend meetings, and these are organized as an educational exercise, by inviting established authorities to give lectures on selected topics, chosen to provide a balanced programme. As a result Clinical Neurosurgery is a valuable volume which all neurosurgeons look forward to each year; it is in quite a different class from the usual conference tome, full of brief and unconnected papers of widely varying quality. As the title suggests Clinical Neurosurgery includes excellent clinical reviews but the two recent volumes include also a section of seminars on fundamental research-in volume 18 on coma and sleep, in volume 19 on basic mechanisms of memory. It is also the custom to invite a senior neurosurgical citizen as guest of honour and his two or three papers afford an opportunity for historical and philosophical reflections as well as an experienced perspective on clinical and experimental work. Add to this the refreshing presidential address, from one of the (angry? ) young men of neurosurgery and it will be clear that these volumes really do include something of interest for every neurosurgeon, whatever his own interests or prejudices. It is a relief to be able so warmly to recommend these books, when the question posed by so many other books is whether anyone would really want to read them. The most recent volume has a more consistent theme than former ones, and that is 'head injury'. It includes papers on mechanisms as revealed by animal experiment and by a pathologist who visited the scene of the accident before examining the brains of head injury fatalities. There are chapters on engineering and socio-psychological aspects of accident prevention, as well as down to earth clinical accounts of metabolic disorders, testing for acoustic vestibular 36 damage, and aspects of prognosis. This is a significant contribution to the literature on head injury.
Prevalence of Liddle Syndrome Among Young Hypertension Patients of Undetermined Cause in a Chinese Population

Liddle syndrome, an autosomal dominant form of monogenic hypertension, has been regarded as a rare disorder, which leads to many Liddle syndrome patients being misdiagnosed and experiencing severe complications at an early age. Little is known about the prevalence of Liddle syndrome. In this study, the authors investigated the prevalence of Liddle syndrome confirmed by genetic testing among young hypertension patients of undetermined causes in China. A total of 330 hypertensive patients aged 14 to 40 years after exclusion of common secondary causes of hypertension were enrolled and serum potassium concentrations were measured. Patients with hypokalemia underwent genetic testing of the 13th exon of genes encoding β and γ subunits of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). Diagnosis was established by identification of mutations that destroy the PY motif of ENaC. Five patients were diagnosed with Liddle syndrome (prevalence, 1.52%), as well as 12 of their relatives. These patients with Liddle syndrome presented with an earlier onset of hypertension, a stronger family history of hypertension, and higher blood pressure than those with essential hypertension. All patients had hypokalemia and suppressed plasma renin activity. The results demonstrated that Liddle syndrome is an important etiology of hypertension in this young population. Screening of Liddle syndrome should focus on young hypertension patients, particularly those with early penetrance, hypokalemia, and low renin levels after exclusion of common secondary causes.
The annealing of radiation damage in type Ia diamond

The kinetics of the recovery of radiation damage in type Ia diamond has been investigated using isothermal annealing at 600 °C. In diamonds having a reasonably homogeneous distribution of nitrogen the decay of the vacancy concentration with time can be approximately described by a single exponential. Previous investigations have identified ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ components in the annealing, and we show that the existence of more than one time constant is associated with inhomogeneous nitrogen concentrations. The measurements show further that, in order to obtain the oscillator strengths of nitrogen-vacancy centres, studies must be restricted to diamonds with moderately high nitrogen concentrations.
Dipping in Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Correlates With Overnight Urinary Excretion of Catecholamines and Sodium

Nondipping blood pressure (BP) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study examines the relationship of “dipping” in 24‐hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) with awake and sleeping urinary norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI), and that of urinary NE and EPI with urinary sodium (UNa). Fifty nondippers and 65 dippers were included in the present study. Collected data included age, sex, body mass index, history of hypertension, current antihypertensive treatment, ABPM data, and NE, EPI, and UNa values. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis with the night‐to‐day ratio (NDR) of systolic BP as a dependent variable showed that the composite term of the NDRs of urinary NE and EPI was a significant predictor for dipping. Results also show a differential role of NE and EPI in circadian UNa excretion in dippers and nondippers. These results indicate that the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the regulation of circadian BP variations and UNa excretion.
Why a ‘roof’ is not enough: The characteristics of young homeless people referred to a designated Mental Health Service

Background: Mental health is a growing concern for organizations offering temporary accommodation to young homeless people. Aim: To establish the characteristics of homeless young people referred to a mental health service provided by the non-statutory sector, to determine the appropriateness of referral. Method: The service was provided by five mental health practitioners to 18 Foyers in five regions. Data was collected on 150 consecutively referred young people aged 16 – 25 years on their psychosocial history, mental health problems and risk factors. Results: Young people reported multiple needs such as use of illicit drugs, experience of physical or sexual abuse, and self-harm. They presented with lengthy and recurrent mental health problems from childhood, with intermittent and usually fragmented contact with services. Young people presented with a range of mental complaints, predominantly depressive, anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms, as well as different risk factors. Conclusions: The young homeless people referred to the mental health service reported a range of complex mental health needs, the majority of which could not be met by statutory specialist services. Young people's lower to medium level mental health needs could be met by services operating on the interface with specialist services, if these are jointly planned and co-coordinated.
Alterações funcionais respiratórias na colecistectomia por via laparoscópica

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the changes in lung volume, pulmonary ventilation, maximum respiratory muscle strength, and the incidence of pulmonary complications in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Type of study: Prospective study. Material and methods: Twenty patients (7 men and 13 women) with mean age of 42.7 years with normal respiratory function were studied. All patients in the preoperative period answered a long questionnaire, had a physical examination done, and had their lung volumes, respiratory muscle strength, diaphragmatic index and pulse oximetry determined. All measurements were repeated on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 6th postoperative days. Results: Patients showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) on the first postoperative day: 26% ± 13% in tidal volume; 20% ± 14% in minute volume; 36% ± 17% in vital capacity; 47% ± 17% in maximum inspiratory pressure, 39% ± 27% in the maximum expiratory pressure and 36% ± 25% in diaphragmatic index. Tidal volume, minute volume and maximum expiratory pressure returned to their basal values on the third postoperative day; vital capacity, maximum inspiratory pressure and diaphragmatic index returned to their basal values between the 4th and 6th postoperative days. Among the 20 patients pulmonary complication was observed in just one patient (lobar atelectasis); there was a full recovery by the third postoperative day with the use of chest physical therapy techniques. Conclusion: The authors conclude that patients undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy show a significant decrease in lung volume and in respiratory muscle strength on the first postoperative day. But, when these measurements are compared to the literature, return to their basal values is faster (between the 4th and 6th postoperative days) than with conventional surgery.