Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partial Privatization and Performance of Privatized Soes: The Evidence from Indonesia

Using 214 observations from data collected on 15 State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Indonesian that have beenpartially privatized from year 1991 to 2007, the research employs Wilcoxon signed-rank test to assess the impactof partial privatization on the performance of these firms. It uses panel regression to investigate the factorsaffecting the success or failure of privatization.Unlike what mainstream theories propose and what most empirical studies report, given Indonesian context, thispaper finds that privatization positively affect the performance of partial privatized SOEs in almost all of theperformance measures employed, both in the short term and long term period. Further investigation also revealsthat residual state ownership has negative effect all the time, while the positive impact of the number ofgovernment commissioners tend to decrease; on the other hand the favorable impact of independentcommissioner has a tendency to be greater in the long term. Externally, although the magnitude of thecontribution is very marginal in comparison with other predictors, the positive impact of the size of stock marketalso continues to grow along time.The government commitment to improve the performance of privatized SOEs through better monitoring andadequate incentive plan and the development of capital market appear to be key success of privatization case inIndonesia. This paper suggests that, the gradual and partial Indonesian privatization can be an alternative modelfor other developing countries across the world. Keywords : Partial Privatization, Performance, Indonesia, State - Owned Enterprises
Roads and Poverty in Rural Laos

The relationship between poverty incidence and road development is analyzed in this paper, in the context of rural Laos. The results indicate that improving road access is an effective way of reducing rural poverty. Between 1997-98 and 2002-03, rural poverty incidence in Laos declined by almost on tenth of the rural population. Over this same period road improvement was significant, providing all-season access to many areas previously having only dry season access. The analysis provided in this paper suggests that about 13 per cent of the poverty reduction can be attributed to improvements in road access.
Depth variation of coseismic stress drop explains bimodal earthquake magnitude‐frequency distribution

An essential part of seismic hazard analysis is the earthquake size‐frequency relationship, used to estimate earthquake recurrence time, and thus probability. A key feature of those distributions is their bimodal character: small to moderate magnitude earthquakes follow the Gutenberg‐Richter (GR) inverse power‐law relation while large magnitude (characteristic) earthquakes are more frequent than anticipated from GR, following approximately a gaussian distribution around the maximum magnitude limited by fault geometry. Using a numerical earthquake simulator, we show that the temperature dependence of friction behavior and therefore the depth‐variation of coseismic stress drop, derived from laboratory friction experiments, presents a simple and comprehensive explanation for the observed bimodal seismicity distribution. Characteristic earthquakes are the result of an abrupt increase in rupture width at the transition from small to large earthquakes.
ORCHIDEE-ROUTING : Revising the river routing scheme to use a high resolution hydrological database

The river routing scheme (RRS) in the Organising Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) land surface model is a valuable tool for closing the water cycle in a coupled environment and for validating the model performance. This study presents a revision of the RRS of the ORCHIDEE which aims to benefit from the high resolution topography provided the Hydrological data and maps based on SHuttle Elevation Derivatives at multiple Scales (HydroSHEDS), processed 5 to a resolution of approximately 1 kilometer. Adapting a new algorithm to construct river network, the new RRS of the ORCHIDEE allows to preserve as much of the hydrological information of the HydroSHEDS as the user requires. The evaluation focuses on 12 rivers of contrasted size and climate which contribute freshwater to the Mediterranean Sea. First, the numerical aspect of the new RRS is investigated, to identify the practical configuration offering the best trade-off between computational cost and simulation quality for ensuing validations. Second, the performance of the new scheme is evaluated against observa10 tions at both monthly and daily timescales. The new RRS captures satisfactorily the seasonal variability of river discharges, although important biases come from the water budget simulated by the ORCHIDEE model. The results highlight that realistic streamflow simulations require accurate precipitation forcing data and a precise river catchment description over a wide range of scales, as permitted by the new RRS. Detailed analyses at the daily timescale show promising performances of this high resolution RRS for replicating river flow variation at various frequencies. Eventually, this RRS is well adapted for further 15 developments in the ORCHIDEE land surface model to assess anthropogenic impacts on river processes (e.g. damming for irrigation operation).
Modelling Stock Returns Volatility In Nigeria Using GARCH Models

There is quite an extensive literature documenting the behaviour of stock returns volatility in both developed and emerging stock markets, but such studies are scanty for the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). Modelling volatility is an important element in pricing equity, risk management and portfolio management. For these reasons, this paper investigates the behaviour of stock return volatility of the Nigerian Stock Exchange returns using GARCH (1,1) and the GJR-GARCH(1,1) models assuming the Generalized Error Distribution (GED). Monthly All Share Indices of the NSE from January 1999, to December 2008, provided the empirical sample for investigating volatility persistence and asymmetric properties of the series. The results of GARCH (1,1) model indicate evidence of volatility clustering in the NSE return series. Also, the results of the GJR-GARCH (1,1) model show the existence of leverage effects in the series. Finally, the Generalized Error Distribution (GED) shape test reveals leptokurtic returns distribution. Overall results from this study provide evidence to show volatility persistence, fat-tail distribution, and leverage effects for the Nigeria stock returns data.
Temporal Action Detection with Long Action Seam Mechanism

Temporal action detection is a hot topic in action recognition field recently. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that can extract action segments from untrimmed videos, meanwhile predict the action category. In general, we introduce a cascaded pipeline that could address temporal boundary at first, included feature extraction and temporal proposal model. Then, all video clips obtained above are sent to the action category classifier to detect action class. Furthermore, since that various action lengths result in inaccurate accuracy, especially on long action clip. We targeted present a novel long action seam mechanism dealing with the inaccurate location of long action. Therefore, our method is more sensitive to long action boundaries, the long action seam mechanism improves the performance of our algorithm obviously. Our algorithm performs improved accuracy by increasing mAP from 25.6 to 25.9 at threshold 0.5, on standard temporal action detection dataset, THUMOS14. it is indicated that our algorithm has particularly outstanding performance on long action detection.
Mathematics and the World: What do Teachers Recognize as Mathematics in Real World Practice?

Elementary school teachers are encouraged to better integrate appropriate mathematics pedagogy with deeper, more relevant mathematics content. However, many teach a mathematics they do not fully understand to students who see, recognize, and use less mathematics than ever before. Both teachers and students struggle to articulate the role mathematics plays in society as mathematics becomes more embedded into our technology. In this study, we asked teachers to record the mathematics they used on a daily basis during a 1-week period. Their responses indicate that they do not recognize that mathematics plays any important role in technological and professional practices. This negatively impacts their ability to effectively teach mathematics in the elementary classroom because they cannot make connections between classroom practices and real-world uses of mathematics.
mcr-9, an Inducible Gene Encoding an Acquired Phosphoethanolamine Transferase in Escherichia coli, and Its Origin

The plasmid-located mcr-9 gene, encoding a putative phosphoethanolamine transferase, was identified in a colistin-resistant human fecal Escherichia coli strain belonging to a very rare phylogroup, the D-ST69-O15:H6 clone. This MCR-9 protein shares 33% to 65% identity with the other plasmid-encoded MCR-type enzymes identified (MCR-1 to -8) that have been found as sources of acquired resistance to polymyxins in Enterobacteriaceae. ABSTRACT The plasmid-located mcr-9 gene, encoding a putative phosphoethanolamine transferase, was identified in a colistin-resistant human fecal Escherichia coli strain belonging to a very rare phylogroup, the D-ST69-O15:H6 clone. This MCR-9 protein shares 33% to 65% identity with the other plasmid-encoded MCR-type enzymes identified (MCR-1 to -8) that have been found as sources of acquired resistance to polymyxins in Enterobacteriaceae. Analysis of the lipopolysaccharide of the MCR-9-producing isolate revealed a function similar to that of MCR-1 by adding a phosphoethanolamine group to lipid A and subsequently modifying the structure of the lipopolysaccharide. However, a minor impact on susceptibility to polymyxins was noticed once the mcr-9 gene was cloned and produced in an E. coli K-12-derived strain. Nevertheless, we showed here that subinhibitory concentrations of colistin induced the expression of the mcr-9 gene, leading to increased MIC levels. This inducible expression was mediated by a two-component regulatory system encoded by the qseC and qseB genes located downstream of mcr-9. Genetic analysis showed that the mcr-9 gene was carried by an IncHI2 plasmid. In silico analysis revealed that the plasmid-encoded MCR-9 shared significant amino acid identity (ca. 80%) with the chromosomally encoded MCR-like proteins from Buttiauxella spp. In particular, Buttiauxella gaviniae was found to harbor a gene encoding MCR-BG, sharing 84% identity with MCR-9. That gene was neither expressed nor inducible in its original host, which was fully susceptible to polymyxins. This work showed that mcr genes may circulate silently and remain undetected unless induced by colistin.
Use of population fitness to evaluate the nursery function of juvenile habitats

Juveniles of many fish and invertebrate species are able to select among a diverse port- folio of nursery habitat alternatives. Environmental heterogeneity among these habitats generates variation in the vital rates of young individuals that may influence overall population dynamics. Therefore, understanding how these habitat options affect population fitness is crucial for identifying habitats that widen bottlenecks in early life histories and promote population persistence. We used cohort analyses and demographic models to explore the population-level consequences of habitat selection by juvenile California halibut Paralichthys californicus in southern California, focusing on population growth rate (λ) as a measure of fitness. Although alternative juvenile habitats (exposed coast and coastal embayments) could contribute an approximately equal number of recruits to the adult stock, positive overall population growth (λ > 1) depended critically on the subpopulations of juveniles that utilized coastal embayments (bays, lagoons, and estuaries). Conversely, the juvenile subpopulation along the exposed coast contributed negatively to overall population growth (λ < 1) in 3 of the 4 years we conducted this study, due to elevated local mortality in that habitat. Life table response experiments confirmed that juvenile growth and survivorship were responsible for differ- ences in λ, and that nursery habitat choice could be a key contributor toward overall population fit- ness. Considering nurseries in a demographic source-sink context could aid conservation efforts by allowing identification or prioritization of the juvenile habitats most critical for population persis- tence.
Changing Beliefs about Health in Early Elementary School Years: Effect of a Motor Creativity Intervention

School physical education offers an ideal venue to promote healthy habits. Motor creativity has been found to effectively increase children’s learning and attitude formation. The aim of the present study was to test for the effectiveness of an intervention promoting motor creativity through healthy lifestyle stimuli in the promotion of elementary children’s knowledge regarding health, as well as in the change of their attitudes about nutrition and exercise. One hundred twelve elementary school students participated in the study. Participants were assigned into the experimental (n = 58) and control (n = 54) groups. Students performed the TCAM and they were administered the Health Lifestyle Evaluation Instrument along with measures of attitudes towards healthy nutrition and exercise. Analyses of variance with repeated measures showed a significant increase of knowledge towards health in the intervention group. However no differences were found between the two groups regarding the attitudes towards healthy nutrition and exercise. The results provided useful information regarding the effect of motor creativity in the learning process in elementary schools.
Determinants of Market Participation among Small-Scale Pineapple Farmers in Kericho County, Kenya

Marketing agricultural produce is important amongst smallholder farmers because they derive benefits such as income and rural employment. In developing countries like Kenya, most smallholder farmers are characterized by poor market participation because they lack market information on pineapple marketing. In Bureti district; pineapples have been perceived to have high market value, resulting in trade-offs with staple food. Despite pineapples market value, its market participation has not been fully studied and quantified results in poor prices among small-scale farmers. The objectives of the study were: to describe farmers‟ socio-economic, institutional and market characteristics of pineapple marketing in Bureti district; to determine the factors influencing market participation and its extent, and; to determine the factors influencing the choice of pineapple marketing outlet in Bureti district. The study was conducted in five locations (Kapkisiara, Kisiara, Tulwet, Getarwet and Tebesonik). Multistage sampling procedure was employed to contact 150 respondents. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from small-scale pineapple farmers through face to face interview. The data was analyzed using the descriptive statistics, Heckman two-stage selection model and Multinomial Logit model. SPSS and STATA computer programs were used to process the data. The results showed that age, gender, education level and pineapple yields significantly influenced the decision to participate in pineapple marketing. Gender, price information, group marketing, marketing experience, vehicle ownership and marketing under contract significantly influenced the extent of market participation. Further, Gender, group marketing, pineapple yield, price information, marketing under contract and vehicle ownership significantly influenced the choice of pineapple marketing outlets. The study recommends that, for holistic market participation among pineapple farmers, proper marketing infrastructure like pineapple hub must be put in place. The government and other policy makers should increase the marketing information and ability of pineapple farmers through avenues like mass media, extension service, and other means of capacity building.
Perceptions of the environmental impacts of tourism: A comparative study of the attitudes of German, Russian and Turkish tourists in Kemer, Antalya

This paper investigates perceptions of the environmental impacts of tourism in an area of mass tourism, Kemer, Antalya, in Turkey. The perceptions and behaviour of sun- and sea-seeking tourists of three different nationalities are evaluated: German, Russian and Turkish. Their willingness to pay and attitudes towards the bodies responsible for protecting the environment are also assessed. The research uses a questionnaire which was translated into three languages (German, Russian and Turkish) and was applied to a total of 460 tourists. The results confirmed that differences in 'environmental awareness' were more strongly associated with differences in nationality, than with educational levels and occupations. Above all, German tourists were more 'environmentally aware' than Russian and Turkish tourists. There were also national differences in tourists' 'willingness to pay' for environmental measures. The results pose important issues for tourism policy in respect of market segmentation and environmental outcomes.
Injection of lightning‐produced NOx, water vapor, wildfire emissions, and stratospheric air to the UT/LS as observed from DC3 measurements

During the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) experiment in summer 2012, airborne measurements were performed in the anvil inflow/outflow of thunderstorms over the Central U.S. by three research aircraft. A general overview of Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt (DLR)‐Falcon in situ measurements (CO, O3, SO2, CH4, NO, NOx, and black carbon) is presented. In addition, a joint flight on 29 May 2012 in a convective line of isolated supercell storms over Oklahoma is described based on Falcon, National Science Foundation/National Center for Atmospheric Research Gulfstream‐V (NSF/NCAR‐GV), and NASA‐DC8 trace species in situ and lidar measurements. During DC3 some of the largest and most destructive wildfires in New Mexico and Colorado state's history were burning, which strongly influenced air quality in the DC3 thunderstorm inflow and outflow region. Lofted biomass burning (BB) plumes were frequently observed in the mid‐ and upper troposphere (UT) in the vicinity of deep convection. The impact of lightning‐produced NOx (LNOx) and BB emissions was analyzed on the basis of mean vertical profiles and tracer‐tracer correlations (CO‐NOx and O3‐NO). On a regular basis DC3 thunderstorms penetrated the tropopause and injected large amounts of LNOx into the lower stratosphere (LS). Inside convection, low O3 air (~80 nmol mol−1) from the lower troposphere was rapidly transported to the UT/LS region. Simultaneously, O3‐rich stratospheric air masses (~100–200 nmol mol−1) were present around and below the thunderstorm outflow and enhanced UT‐O3 mixing ratios significantly. A 10 year global climatology of H2O data from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder confirmed that the Central U.S. is a preferred region for convective injection into the LS.
Personal quality of life factors among imprisoned repeat offenders

Our objective was to demonstrate the level of life quality among recidivist prisoners and to determine the personal factors associated with that feature. In our research 100 prisoners participated. Used in the measurement were The Questionnaire of Sense Of Quality of Life, Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire INTE, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Generalized Self Effi cacy Scale (GSES), and Life Orientation TestRevised – LOT-R. The measured quality of life levels were as follows: 32% prisoners obtained low; 59% average and 9% high scores. These persons had low levels of emotional intelligence (41% low scores), an average level of optimism (66% average scores) and high self-effi cacy (42% high scores). Prisoners negatively evaluated their past, fatalistically evaluatedtheir present, and fi rmly focused on the future. The study indicates a strong correlation between sense of life quality and emotional intelligence, and future time perspective and optimism. This information might be important in creating rehabilitation programs for prisoners.
Diffusion in Solid Silicates: A Tool to Track Timescales of Processes Comes of Age

Understanding how processes occurring on a wide range of temporal and spatial scales combine to produce a stable dynamic Earth is a major goal of the Earth scientist. Determining durations of processes is a key step toward attaining that goal. Records of incomplete diffusive equilibration preserved in minerals are uniquely suited for the purpose of unraveling timescales of a variety of processes. Compositional zoning in minerals is like the tracks of a CD that can be decoded with suitable technology. This review discusses the causes for the limited use of this tool until recently and how these hindrances are being overcome. Examples are presented to illustrate that diffusion modeling can clock processes that last from only a few days to those that last over tens of millions of years, recorded in rocks that range in age from current volcanic eruptions to condensates from the early solar nebula.
Refined physical properties of the HAT‐P‐13 planetary system

We present photometry of four transits of the planetary system HAT-P-13, obtained using defocussed telescopes. We analyse these, plus nine datasets from the literature, in order to determine the physical properties of the system. The mass and radius of the star are MA = 1:320 0:048 0:039M and RA = 1:756 0:043 0:017R (statistical and systematic errorbars). We find the equivalent quantities for the transiting planet to be Mb = 0:906 0:024 0:018MJup and Rb = 1:487 0:038 0:015RJup, with an equilibrium temperature of T 0 eq = 1725 31K. Compared to previous results, which were based on much sparser photometric data, we find the star to be more massive and evolved, and the planet to be larger, hotter and more rarefied. The properties of the planet are not matched by standard models of irradiated gas giants. Its large radius anomaly is in line with the observation that the hottest planets are the most inflated, but at odds with the suggestion of inverse proportionality to the Fe H of the parent star. We assemble all available times of transit midpoint and determine a new linear ephemeris. Previous findings of transit timing variations in the HAT-P-13 system are shown to disagree with these measurements, and can be attributed to small-number statistics.
Does Economic Diplomacy Work? A Meta‐Analysis of its Impact on Trade and Investment

We review the literature on economic diplomacy and provide a meta-analysis of 32 empirical studies published in 1986–2011 that deal with the trade and investment impact of economic diplomacy (embassies, consulates, other diplomatic facilities, investment and export promotion offices, trade and state visits). Controlling for differences in research design, methodology, time frame and manner of data, we find a positive and significant effect of economic diplomacy on international economic flows with the exception of state visits and that this is true in a sample of 627 t-statistics analysed with OLS and for a larger sample of 963 reported significance levels analysed with logit thus illustrating robustness with respect to sample and estimation technique. Our analyses show that reported effects of economic diplomacy on trade and investment in individual studies are sensitive to model specification. The primary studies that investigate only one source country are less likely to report significant positive effects. Compared to other sciences, economic studies are less likely to report significantly positive effects of economic diplomacy. Primary studies lump embassies and consulates (general) into one indicator miss that these instruments differ significantly. Embassies, consulates and agencies should thus be included as separate instruments in future research.