Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review of research on air-conditioning systems and indoor air quality control for human health

With the improvement of standard of living, air-conditioning has widely been applied. However, health problems associated with air-conditioning systems and indoor air quality appear more frequently. In this paper, recent research is reviewed on air-conditioning systems and indoor air quality control for human health. The problems in the existing research are summarized. A further study is suggested on air-conditioning systems and indoor air quality control for healthy indoor air environment. a 2008 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved. 953; fax: þ86 29 82667859. F. Yu). tivated carbon fiber; ATD, air terminal devices; CC, cooling ceiling; COP, coefficient of performance; cement ventilation; FCU, fan coil unit; GAC, granular activated carbon; HVAC, heating, ventilating HS, independent control of temperature and humidity system; MV, mixing ventilation; NAIs, negative er of mass transfer units; PCO, photocatalytic oxidation; PM2.5, particulate matter (aerodynamic diH, relative humidity; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; SBS, sick building syndrome; SHRTD, nton number of mass transfer; UFAD, under-floor air distribution; UV, ultraviolet; VAV, variable air er Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved. i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f r e f r i g e r a t i o n 3 2 ( 2 0 0 9 ) 3 – 2 0 4 Recherches sur les systèmes de conditionnement d’air et la qualité de l’air intérieur dans le cadre de la santé humaine : tour d’horizon Mots clés : Conditionnement d’air ; Enquête ; Technologie ; Système frigorifique ; Ventilation ; Qualité de l’air ; Santé ; Confort ; Homme
Document Title: Intimate Partner Violence: Justice System Response and Public Health Service Utilization in a National Sample

To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally-funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects over one and a half million women each year (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000). Although this issue was historically shrouded in secrecy, public attention to the problem emerged in the early 1970s. Since that time, research has focused on a number of issues and questions, including evaluating the extent of the problem, identifying the antecedents and consequences and developing theoretical models of the causes of IPV, and more recently, developing effective prevention and treatment programs, including how the justice and victim services systems respond to the problem. Although there is clear indication that the criminal justice and public health systems recognize and are targeting the problems of IPV, yet to be adequately determined are the extent to which these resources are accessible and utilized by all IPV victims and perpetrators, whether a satisfactory outcome occurs, and whether available resources are effective at preventing IPV. Between the mid-1980s and 2000, a number of new policies and practices involving law enforcement and the criminal justice system were enacted to protect victims of IPV. However, there is little consensus as to the effectiveness of these interventions which include mandatory arrest of offenders. Even less information is available about prosecution and court response. Of particular concern, problems exist with the use of police and court records to document recidivism, since a fairly high proportion of repeat incidents are not reported to the criminal justice system. The public health system also engages in many forms of community-based advocacy for victims of IPV, but most evidence of the effectiveness of these interventions is anecdotal or based on non-representative samples. There is some information in the National Violence Against Women Survey (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000) regarding use of medical services that indicated the prevalence of service utilization, but little is known about the characteristics of victims and batterers who seek help and the conditions under which the help is sought. Because the focus of public health system services in this report is on agencies to which IPV victims and perpetrators may go to seek help (such as safe houses, clergy, and the police), and not on …
Explaining Public Support for the Use of Military Force: The Impact of Reference Point Framing and Prospective Decision Making

Abstract This article examines the determinants of public support for the use of military force. It puts forward a Framing Theory of Policy Objectives (FTPO), which contends that public support for military engagements depends on the public's perception of the policy's objective. However, it is difficult for the public to judge a policy's objective because they cannot directly observe a policy's true intention and influential political actors offer competing frames to define it. This framing contestation, carried out through the media, sets the public's decision-making reference point and determines whether the policy is perceived as seeking to avoid losses or to achieve gains. The FTPO predicts that support will increase when the public perceives policies as seeking to prevent losses and decrease when the public judges policies to be seeking gains. I operationalize and test the theory using content analysis of national news coverage and opinion polls of U.S. intervention in Central America during the 1980s. These framing effects are found to hold regardless of positive or negative valence of media coverage.
Ion composition in interchange injection events in Saturn's magnetosphere

Interchange injection events are commonly observed by the Cassini spacecraft in the region between about 6 and 12 Rs (1 Rs = 60,268 km) and even frequently beyond. In this study, 13 examples of interchange injection events are identified in Cassini/Cassini Plasma Spectrometer data under special conditions such that time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass spectra could be obtained from entirely within the events. Using the TOF data to separate the main ion species H+, H2+, and W+, approximate densities of each species are calculated under the assumption that all distributions were isotropic. The light‐ion density ratios, H2+/H+, in the injection events are not discernibly different from those ratios in control intervals from the ambient plasma. However, the water‐group ratio, W+/H+, is significantly lower than ambient. The comparison of the measured density ratios with the range of values observed throughout Saturn's magnetosphere indicates that the values of W+/H+ that are as low as those observed within the injection events are found primarily beyond L~14 (where L is the equatorial crossing distance, in Saturn radius, of a dipole field line), indicating that the injection events are delivering plasma from the outer magnetosphere at times traveling at least 6 Rs.
Examining Interpretations of Graphic Cigarette Warning Labels Among U.S. Youth and Adults

Few studies have examined how diverse populations interpret warning labels. This study examined interpretations of 9 graphic cigarette warning labels (image plus text) proposed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration among a convenience sample of youth (ages 13–17) and adults (18+) across the United States. Participants (N = 1,571) completed a cross-sectional survey. Participants were asked to select 1 of 3 plausible interpretations (1 preferred vs. 2 alternative) created by the research team about the particular consequence of smoking addressed in each warning label. Participants also rated each label for novelty, counterarguing, perceived effectiveness, and harm. Smokers reported their thoughts of quitting, self-efficacy, and motivation to quit. Although at least 70% of the sample chose the preferred interpretation for 7 of 9 labels, only 13% of participants chose all 9 preferred interpretations. The odds of selecting the preferred interpretation were lower among African Americans, among those with less education, and for labels perceived as being more novel. Smokers reported greater counterarguing and less perceived effectiveness and harms than nonsmokers, but results were not consistent across all labels and interpretations. The alternative interpretations of cigarette warning labels were associated with lower perceived effectiveness and lower perceived harms of smoking, both of which are important for motivating quit attempts.
Building Programme Evaluation into the Design of Public Research‐Support Programmes

There is wide agreement that the high social rate of return to research and innovation justifies government support for research. There is, however, only limited evidence on the effectiveness of different public research programmes. Reliable measurement of programme effectiveness is hampered by the 'selectivity' problem (public funding goes to proposals judged in advance to be likely to succeed) and the question of 'additivity' (whether public funding increases total spending on research or merely displaces funding from other sources). The selectivity problem can be mitigated by building evaluation into programme design, either by partial randomization of the grant process, or by recording the rankings used in grant evaluation and making this information available to researchers. The additivity question reflects the more fundamental problem that the ultimate objective of these programmes is to have long-term effects that are inherently very difficult to measure and attribute to particular programmes. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press.
The Effects of Negative Political Campaigns: A Meta-Analytic Reassessment

The conventional wisdom about negative political campaigning holds that it works, i.e., it has the consequences its practitioners intend. Many observers also fear that negative campaigning has unintended but detrimental effects on the political system itself. An earlier meta-analytic assessment of the relevant literature found no reliable evidence for these claims, but since then the research literature has more than doubled in size and has greatly improved in quality. We reexamine this literature and find that the major conclusions from the earlier meta-analysis still hold. All told, the research literature does not bear out the idea that negative campaigning is an effective means of winning votes, even though it tends to be more memorable and stimulate knowledge about the campaign. Nor is there any reliable evidence that negative campaigning depresses voter turnout, though it does slightly lower feelings of political efficacy, trust in government, and possibly overall public mood.
Firm and industry influences on the value of growth options

Strategy research on real options has emphasized the need to understand better the sources of the option value of the firm.We begin to address this issue by assessing the relative importance of firm as opposed to industry influences on the value of firms’ growth options. On the one hand, firms have been viewed as possessing distinct portfolios of real options, and firms vary in how they recognize and manage latent options. On the other hand, shared options arise that represent collective opportunities available to rivals, and their value can be affected by industry factors. Findings from variance decomposition analyses reveal that industry effects are important, yet firm effects always dominate; they are between 1.5 and 2.5 times as large as stable and transient industry effects combined.Thus, while shared options exist and industry conditions are important, it is the heterogeneity in firms’ proprietary options and their differences in managing options that appear to matter the most in explaining the variance in the value that is captured from these options. We contribute to real options research by highlighting the implications of understanding proprietary and shared options and by extending extant research beyond its current decisiontheoretic focus to begin to investigate the unique performance outcomes that real options theory ascribes to firms.
Theory of mind and neurocognitive functioning in patients with bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVES Studies into social cognition in psychiatric disorders have recently been expanded to address the question of whether or not theory of mind (ToM), i.e., the ability to represent ones own and others mental states, is impaired in bipolar affective disorder (BPD). Results have been mixed so far, mainly due to possible confounding effects of neurocognition, as well as clinical factors such as acuity and current mood. Here, we explored ToM and its associations with neurocognitive functioning in BPD. METHODS A total of 33 patients with bipolar I disorder (of whom 12 were currently depressed, 10 manic, and 11 remitted) and 29 healthy controls were assessed using a test battery that was identical to the one that was used in previous studies in schizophrenia, comprising diverse neurocognitive tasks, including measures of intelligence, executive functioning, and ToM tasks. RESULTS The bipolar disorder patient group as a whole and all three clinical subgroups were impaired on all measures of ToM relative to controls, but did not differ from each other in most ToM scores. Patients poorer performance on executive tasks did not fully explain ToM differences between patients and controls, suggesting a partially selective ToM deficit in BPD. CONCLUSIONS Patients with BPD are impaired in ToM, partially independent of other cognitive dysfunctions and current mood.
Optimal Sets of Candidates

We consider the optimal choice set of candidates standing for elected office. The decision dimensions are in the number of candidates standing for election, the experiential base of the candidates standing for election as measured by the length of prior experience held by the candidates, and the proportion of candidates with such prior experience. We find that while there are benefits that accrue to having a larger choice, the optimal number of candidates is strictly finite. Second, to justify an increase in the optimal length of prior experience requires strong increases in the ratio of benefits that accrue from additional experience to the cost of abuse of privilege. The conditions under which an increase in the length of prior experience can be justified are where the cost associated with abuse of privilege is negligible. This would require the development of appropriate formal (legal and constitutional) and informal (civil society) institutions that ensure that abuse of office remains negligible. Finally, we allow the number of electoral candidates, the length of their prior experience, as well as the proportion of candidates with experience to vary. Under this choice problem optimal pairings of length of experience and the proportion of candidates with prior experience may not exist. Hence, societies may be condemned to suboptimality even should the political system prove to be amenable to change, rendering disaffection endemic to the political system.
Multi-illuminator Passive Radar performance evaluation

Starting with theoretical studies in 2004, Cassidian developed the first Passive Radar demonstrator (PARADE) in 2007. The first version of PARADE was solely FM-based and was intended as a means to gain experience with this emerging localization technology. The system was extensively tested and evaluated in various measurement campaigns, [1], [2]. Based on the lessons learnt, Cassidian initiated the development of a advanced multiband Passive Radar demonstrator in 2010. In addition to FM, also DAB and DVB-T transmitters can now be exploited simultaneously and data fusion across the different operating bands and transmitters is implemented. System architecture and design considerations are directed towards an operational and fully mobile PCL system [3], [4], [5]. In 2011 two major measurement campaigns have been conducted at Stuttgart airport and at Lake Constance. This paper presents the trial scenarios as well as the latest measurement results.
On the construction of probabilistic Newton-type algorithms

It has recently been shown that many of the existing quasi-Newton algorithms can be formulated as learning algorithms, capable of learning local models of the cost functions. Importantly, this understanding allows us to safely start assembling probabilistic Newton-type algorithms, applicable in situations where we only have access to noisy observations of the cost function and its derivatives. This is where our interest lies. We make contributions to the use of the non-parametric and probabilistic Gaussian process models in solving these stochastic optimisation problems. Specifically, we present a new algorithm that unites these approximations together with recent probabilistic line search routines to deliver a probabilistic quasi-Newton approach. We also show that the probabilistic optimisation algorithms deliver promising results on challenging nonlinear system identification problems where the very nature of the problem is such that we can only access the cost function and its derivative via noisy observations, since there are no closed-form expressions available.
Economic impacts of soil fertility management research in West Africa

This paper assesses the potential economic impacts of balanced nutrient management systems technology options: BNMS-manure, which combines inorganic fertilizer and organic manure, and BNMS-rotation, which is maize–soybean rotation, in maize-based systems in the northern Guinea savanna areas of Nigeria, Ghana, Togo and Benin. The economic surplus analysis suggested that BNMS-manure research and extension could achieve returns ranging from 17 to 25% and a maximum adoption of 24 to 48%, for the conservative and base scenario respectively; and that BNMS-rotation research and extension could achieve returns ranging from 35 to 43% and a maximum adoption of 20 to 40%, for the conservative and base scenario respectively. Our results were consistent with earlier economic analyses which showed that BNMS-rotation was more productive, profitable and acceptable to farmers than BNMS-manure. It may be difficult to achieve large-scale adoption of BNMS-manure because the increases in yields are smaller and markets for manure are missing.
Patient perceptions of clinician self-management support for chronic conditions.

OBJECTIVES This study investigates the extent to which patients with chronic conditions perceive that they are receiving clinician self-management support for their conditions, and whether this perceived support is associated with self-management behaviors, such as exercise and taking medications for chronic conditions. STUDY DESIGN A survey of a representative sample of current and retired autoworkers and their spouses, all younger than 65 years, who are or were employed by the 3 major US automobile manufacturing companies. METHODS An index of self-management support was constructed from 3 survey questions that asked respondents with chronic conditions about their perceived level of self-management support from clinicians. Multivariate regression analysis examined: a) the extent to which perceived self-management support was influenced by patient engagement and other patient factors, and b) whether self-management support and patient engagement were associated with self-management behaviors, including exercise, use of certain preventive care services, and taking medications for specific chronic conditions. RESULTS Most patients with chronic conditions reported that their clinicians provide some degree of self-management support of their chronic conditions. The extent to which a patient is engaged with their medical care-such as taking notes or bringing along friends or relatives to ask questions-is strongly associated with perceptions that they receive self-management support from their clinicians. Receiving clinician self-management support was modestly associated with most self-management behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Receiving self-management support from clinicians can positively influence patient self-management of chronic conditions, but patient engagement with their own healthcare is crucial to whether patients perceive they are receiving such support. Moreover, while patient engagement may influence whether self-management support is given, the study results suggest that self-management support may be just as effective with patients who are less engaged with their healthcare.
Insights on Operative Treatments for Osteoporotic VertebralFractures

Vertebral fractures at the thoracolumbar area are the second most common fracture after the fractures around the hip [1]. Osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF) are often related to a minor trauma like a fall, or even may happen spontaneously, not related to any minor trauma and affect 117 per 100000 persons [2]. Standard therapy of these fractures consists of rest, analgesia and mobilization and is often poorly tolerated in this elderly population, with the adverse effects of analgesia and immobilization leading to associated health problems (poor cognition, increased risk of falls, constipation and nausea) [3]. OVF are associated with a greater impact on health-related quality of life than other fragility fractures [2].
Managerial Ownership and Financial Analysts’ Information Environment

Despite the importance of sell-side financial analysts as information intermediaries in the capital market, little is known about how managerial equity ownership is associated with their information environment. Using Barron, Kim, Lim and Stevens’ (1998) framework for measuring the precision of financial analysts’ information, we observe that managerial ownership is positively associated with the precision of financial analysts’ public (common) and private (idiosyncratic) information, largely consistent with the alignment view of managerial equity ownership. These results are robust to controlling for various economic and statistical factors that might affect the inference.
A Potential Outcome Approach to Dynamic Programme Evaluation: Nonparametric Identification

This paper approaches the problem of an econometric evaluation of dynamic programme sequences from an potential outcome perspective. The identifying power of several different assumptions about the connection between the dynamic selection process and the potential outcomes of different programme sequences is discussed. The assumptions invoke different types of randomisation compatible with different selection regimes. Parametric forms are not involved. When participation in the sequences is decided every period depending on the success in the past, the resulting endogeneity problem destroys nonparametric identification for many parameters of interest, so that several dynamic versions of the average treatment effects on the treated parameter are not identified. However, some interesting dynamic forms of the average treatment effect are still identified. We also present a bounds analysis to learn from the data as much as possible, even when parts of the identifying assumptions are violated.
Assets, Capitals, and Resources

The community mining space remains contested for a range of complex reasons. This inherently difficult discursive space is made most apparent in the context of international development where mining is often viewed as a potential lever in the effort to lift poorer nations out of poverty. In this article, the authors offer a critical review of community development (CD) approaches that are currently being applied by the mining sector. While the authors acknowledge recent positive developments in this domain, there remains a good deal of scope for improving the internal standing of, and the external influence over, CD practice in mining. Drawing on the contemporary CD literature, the authors assert “assets” as one possible heurism for enhancing this discursive space by highlighting the ways in which community and company representatives may be able to participate more actively in dialogical processes—both between and within company and community—where development discourse is not prefigured or biased against participating parties.