Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide synthase expression and cell changes in dorsal root ganglia and spinal dorsal horn of developing and adult Rana esculenta indicate a role of nitric oxide in limb metamorphosis

Metamorphosis of amphibians requires reconfiguration of sensory and locomotor neural networks. In view of such plastic changes and implications of nitric oxide (NO) in neural developmental shaping, we examined via histochemistry and immunohistochemistry its synthetic enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and dorsal horn of the developing and adult frog Rana esculenta. In limb DRGs, NOS positivity was first and selectively detected just before limb bud appearance, increased during metamorphosis, and was then down‐regulated. In adulthood, NOS was expressed in some DRG neurons at all segmental levels. Similar features were detected in the dorsal horn neuropil. In limb DRGs, cell counts in Nissl‐stained sections revealed a twofold increase of differentiated neurons during metamorphosis and an additional twofold increase in adulthood. Perikaryal sizes in limb DRGs did not vary during metamorphosis but increased and were more heterogeneous in the adult frog, probably reflecting adaptation to body size. NOS and cell changes during metamorphosis were much less marked in DRGs at other levels. Carbocyanine tracing documented selective labeling of NOS‐expressing hindlimb DRG neurons from the spinal nerve at the time of initiation of hindlimb movements. The findings show that, in limb DRG neurons, NOS parallels cell differentiation and limb development during metamorphosis. The data also provide evidence of NOS expression in DRG cells innervating the hindlimbs when sensorimotor circuits become functionally mature. This study indicates a key role of NO production in the maturation of sensory functions that subserves in amphibians the transition from swimming to tetrapod locomotion. J. Comp. Neurol. 472:423–436, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Perinatal Hypothyroidism on Expression of Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I Gene, which is Cloned by Differential Plaque Screening from the Cerebellum of Newborn Rat

Early development of the central nervous system is influenced by several hormones including thyroid hormone. This study was designed to clone the gene whose expression is changed in association with perinatal hypothyroidism in the rat cerebellum. Rats were sacrificed at 15 day‐old postnatal age (P15) and their cerebella were removed. Poly (A)+ RNA was extracted to construct a cDNA library using λgt 10 cloning vector. Differential plaque screening was then performed using 32P‐labeled antisense cDNA synthesized from poly (A)+ RNA of the methimazole‐treated (hypothyroid) P15 rat cerebellum (hypothyroid probe), and of the euthyroid P15 rat cerebellum (euthyroid probe). The clones, which hybridized strongly to the euthyroid probe and weakly or not at all to the hypothyroid probe, were isolated. Sequence analysis of these clones revealed that all isolated clones encode cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX I), which is located in the mitochondria1 DNA. The decrease in COX I gene expression was not seen in the animals, which received methimazole treatment and daily replacement of thyroid hormone. In situ hybridization detection showed not only overall decrease in COX I gene expression but also change in distribution of hybridization signal in the cerebellar cortex of hypothyroid rat. Such change was not observed in the T4‐replaced animals. Based on the evidence that thyroid hormone greatly influences brain development, the results of the present study indicate that the terminal enzyme of mitochondria1 respiratory chain, COX I is one of the important target molecules regulated by thyroid hormone in the newborn rat cerebellum.
The effect of various staining agents on color stability of acrylic denture teeth materials. (In vitro study)

s: The aims of this study was to evaluated of effect the color stability of acrylic denture teeth when exposed to common beverages (coffee, tea and cola) with evaluate of change in the different time after [24 hour, 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month] to obtain on high aesthetic of acrylic denture teeth. The color stability of acrylic denture teeth is very important factor influencing consumer's acceptability of the aesthetic. The stain solution is effecting the teeth when immersing for long time that replacement of natural color of acrylic teeth, additives has contributed in increasing the color change which result unacceptable of prosthodontic the acrylic denture teeth. In present study (128) samples were immersed into three staining drinks (coffee, tea and cola) as test groups and distilled water as a control group. Color stability measurements of teeth were performed by using a spectrophotometer device. The Color change values were determined after [24 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month] of immersion. The Result of the Color stability variable analysis differences were used ANOVA and LSD. The color stability of all denture teeth was a high significant difference (p< 0.01) affected by the immersion of stain solution period. Cola was found to be the most the color change of the denture teeth because that the composition of the cola is the phosphoric acid which lead to scratch of the enemal surface of the denture teeth, also pure agentmaterials among the solutions tested (p<0.01). It was concluded that acrylic denture teeth exposed to higher degree of color change and that depended on the amount of color change in each group that increased proportionally with time. Key word: Color stability, Spectrophotometer, Denture teeth. :ةصلاخلا ان لا نقلا ةن ةنلا لا اتانللاو انزوه دند ةنللزركا ىانسلال ىللا ةتابث زثات نقت ةساردلا ذ يه فدلا ةن ةن ل لولا ااناكا نف زغ لا نقت عه)كللا 42 نلدا نلد عنىللل )دن،ا زن لا يدبنسا دن،ا وبنسا ةدانس لاوج ااغبنىلا اتانس ىانسكا ةنلاوج نلد زثلنه انها ر ادنج ةنوه ةنللزركا ىانسلال ىنللا ةنتابث بةنللزركا ىانسلال ةن ز ن ت اتانللا بةن بنلا ىانسلال ن بنلا ىنللا طن ت نلا علنت لان لاو ةنل دنول انزوه دند ىانسكا نلد زثله ت ن ت بنلا ىللا زغ لا عاشلاو بةللزركا ىاسلال ةلبقه زه ااض ة مادل سا نت ةساردلا ذ ف 941 عهاجور )كللا ا لا قلا ة ةلولا اتاللا يه واا ثلاث ف ازوه ) ةننننساو ةنننللزركا ىانننسلال نننساا ننننت ىنننللا ةنننتابث بزننن قولا نانننولا ننن ةنننساقلا ةننندوجولا نننلا ةفانننةكاو بنننل لل ةسانج spectrophotometer ةن ةنلا لا اانالال نساا ننت ىللانو زنغ لا ب) 42 زن لا يدبنسا دن،ا وبنسا ةدانس بةساردلا ذ ف ةهدل لولا اتاللاو زوغلا د و )د،ا نف عهانجولا ينو زنبر فلا نخا ان ىا اان ل لا انر نف دنو ولا اازنغ ولا مادل نسا علانخ يه جتا لا ازظا ا انلل لا ةرانب خكا مادل نساو تانى،ك ANOVA ة ) LSD انك نل انلالولا ينه زنغ ه زن را ناو دنج كنللا ادند انه ) انلالولا ينه زن را ةنق ةغبن انضا ينللا كننس انرات نلا علنت ن لا ر نل لا طهان، ن ةنضها، عانه ينه ىنل ت ا ةةزد ز را ةللزركا ىاسكا او جا سكا يلو بزخكا عانس ةندوجه انر نف ىنللا زنغت ةنور دو ىللا زغت ل بتالا عاس عه بسات ال لاو 2011 Journal of Kerbala University , Vol. 9 No.1 Scientific .
Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban missile crisis is a seminal event. For thirteen days of October 1962, there was a higher probability that more human lives would end suddenly than ever before in history. Had the worst occurred, the death of 100 million Americans, over 100 million Russians, and millions of Europeans as well would make previous natural calamities and inhumanities appear insignificant. Given the probability of disaster—which President Kennedy estimated as “between 1 out of 3 and even”—our escape seems awesome. This event symbolizes a central, if only partially thinkable, fact about our existence. That such consequences could follow from the choices and actions of national governments obliges students of government as well as participants in governance to think hard about these problems. Improved understanding of this crisis depends in part on more information and more probing analyses of available evidence. To contribute to these efforts is part of the purpose of this study. But here the missile crisis serves primarily as grist for a more general investigation. This study proceeds from the premise that marked improvement in our understanding of such events depends critically on more self-consciousness about what observers bring to the analysis. What each analyst sees and judges to be important is a function not only of the evidence about what happened but also of the “conceptual lenses” through which he looks at the evidence. The principal purpose of this essay is to explore some of the fundamental assumptions and categories employed by analysts in thinking about problems of governmental behavior, especially in foreign and military affairs.
The effects of an exercise program for older adults with osteoarthritis of the hip.

OBJECTIVE . Evaluation of an 8-week exercise program with strength training and lifestyle advice for older adults with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip. Outcome measures were pain, hip function, disability, quality of life (QOL), and body mass index (BMI). METHODS Inclusion criteria for this randomized controlled trial were: age >or=55 years, clinical diagnosis of OA according to American College of Rheumatology criteria, and living independently. Interview and physical data were collected at baseline, post-test, and followup (3 mo) by trained interviewers and physical therapists with validated instruments: Harris Hip Score, Sickness Impact Profile, Groningen Activity Restriction Scale, functional tests (walking, timed Up & Go, ascending and descending stairs, and toe reaching), and visual analog scales (pain and QOL). Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. Effect sizes were calculated. RESULTS There were 109 participants (55 experimental, 54 controls). The 15 participants who dropped out were characterized by less tolerance to pain and younger age. The program had a positive effect on pain (moderate effect at post-test and small effect at followup), hip function (small effect at post-test), self-reported disability (small effect at followup), and the timed Up & Go test (small effect at followup). It did not affect QOL, other measures of observed disability, or BMI. CONCLUSION The exercise program had positive effects on pain and hip function, which are important mediators of disability. This study fulfilled a need for older adults with hip OA and provides evidence of the benefit of exercise in the management of hip OA.
Cryptanalysis and improvement of a biometric‐based remote user authentication protocol usable in a multiserver environment

Recently, Amin and Biswas have discussed a bilinear pairing–based three‐factor remote user authentication protocol, claiming it to be secured against various attacks. We scrutinize this protocol and find that it is vulnerable to identity guessing attack, password guessing attack, user untraceability attack, user‐server impersonation attack, new smart card issue attack, and privileged insider attack. In this paper, we propose an elliptic curve cryptography and biometric‐based remote user authentication protocol for a multiserver environment by overcoming these drawbacks. We conduct its informal and formal security analysis to show that it resists all known security attacks. The Burrows‐Abadi‐Needham (BAN) logic verifies that our protocol facilitates mutual authentication and session key agreement securely. We simulate it using the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tool to certify that it can be protected from passive and active threats, including replay and man‐in‐the‐middle attacks. Furthermore, the proposed protocol provides more security attributes and better complexity in terms of smart card storage cost, computation cost, estimated time, and communication cost, as compared with the related existing protocols.
Synaptic plasticity in olfactory memory formation in female mice

FEMALE mice develop a long-lasting olfactory recognition memory of a partner male at the first relay in the vomeronasal system. In this study the synaptic plasticity relevant to this phenomenon was examined at reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses in the accessory olfactory bulb of female mice by electron microscopy. The size of asymmetrical excitatory synapses (mitral/tufted to granule cells) of the reciprocal synapses was significantly larger in the group of female mice which were subjected to a treatment intended to induce olfactory memory formation than in the control group. It is suggested that olfactory memory formation is associated with a conformational change at the level of synaptic structure of the accessory olfactory bulb.
MPV and other inflammatory markers in diagnosing acute appendicitis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether mean platelet volume can be used as an inflammatory marker for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, and to determine the role, if any, of white blood cell count, C-reactive protein and neutrophil count in this regard. METHODS The retrospective study was conducted at Mersin University (MEU) Health Research and Application Center, Emergency Department, Mersin, Turkey, and included medical record of patients having gone appendectomy between April 2012 to July 2013. Based on pathology examination, the cases were grouped as uncomplicated, complicated, and non-appendicitis cases. Preoperative white blood cell, neutrophil, C-reactive protein and mean platelet volume were noted. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Records of 275 patients were studied. Overall, 90(32.7%) patients were uncomplicated, 120(43.7%) complicated, and 65(23.6%) were non-appendicitis cases. The first two groups had a significantly higher white blood cell (p=0.001) and neutrophil (p<0.001) counts than the third one. Mean platelet volume levels were not statistically different (p=0.478). The neutrophil count had a sensitivity of 76.19%, specificity of 56.92%, positive predictive value of 85.11%, and negative predictive value of 42.53%; white blod cell count had sensitivity 68.10%, specificity 61.54%, positive predictive value 85.12%, and negative predictive value 37.38%; mean platelet volume level had sensitivity 74.76%, specificity 35.38%, positive predictive value 78.89%, and negative predictive value 30.26%; and C-reactive protein level had sensitivity 84.29%, specificity 30.77%, positive predictive value 79.73%, and negative predictive value 37.74%. CONCLUSIONS Elevated white blood cell and neutrophil counts may be used as diagnostic tests in cases of acute appendicitis, while C-reactive protein and mean platelet volume levels were not useful as diagnostic markers.
Women’s Mental Health and Well-being 5 Years After Receiving or Being Denied an Abortion: A Prospective, Longitudinal Cohort Study

Importance The idea that abortion leads to adverse psychological outcomes has been the basis for legislation mandating counseling before obtaining an abortion and other policies to restrict access to abortion. Objective To assess women’s psychological well-being 5 years after receiving or being denied an abortion. Design, Setting, and Participants This study presents data from the Turnaway Study, a prospective longitudinal study with a quasi-experimental design. Women were recruited from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2010, from 30 abortion facilities in 21 states throughout the United States, interviewed via telephone 1 week after seeking an abortion, and then interviewed semiannually for 5 years, totaling 11 interview waves. Interviews were completed January 31, 2016. We examined the psychological trajectories of women who received abortions just under the facility’s gestational limit (near-limit group) and compared them with women who sought but were denied an abortion because they were just beyond the facility gestational limit (turnaway group, which includes the turnaway-birth and turnaway-no-birth groups). We used mixed effects linear and logistic regression analyses to assess whether psychological trajectories differed by study group. Main Outcomes and Measures We included 6 measures of mental health and well-being: 2 measures of depression and 2 measures of anxiety assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory, as well as self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Results Of the 956 women (mean [SD] age, 24.9 [5.8] years) in the study, at 1 week after seeking an abortion, compared with the near-limit group, women denied an abortion reported more anxiety symptoms (turnaway-births, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.01 to 1.13; turnaway-no-births, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.39 to 3.18), lower self-esteem (turnaway-births, –0.33; 95% CI, –0.56 to –0.09; turnaway-no-births, –0.40; 95% CI, –0.78 to –0.02), lower life satisfaction (turnaway-births, –0.16; 95% CI, –0.38 to 0.06; turnaway-no-births, –0.41; 95% CI, –0.77 to –0.06), and similar levels of depression (turnaway-births, 0.13; 95% CI, –0.46 to 0.72; turnaway-no-births, 0.44; 95% CI, –0.50 to 1.39). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, compared with having an abortion, being denied an abortion may be associated with greater risk of initially experiencing adverse psychological outcomes. Psychological well-being improved over time so that both groups of women eventually converged. These findings do not support policies that restrict women’s access to abortion on the basis that abortion harms women’s mental health.
Bistatic two-dimensional imaging of spinning targets

The two-dimensional (2-D) image of a spinning target obtained by monostatic radar is modified by the angle between the spinning axis and the radar line of sight (LOS), so it usually cannot describe the real size of the target. The T/R-R bistatic radar is proposed to solve this problem. First, the bistatic geometry and bistatic echo signals of a spinning target are modeled. Then, a novel 2-D imaging algorithm is presented based on the connections between the mono- and bistatic echoes of the same scatterer and the classical Hough transform (HT), allowing both the monostatic and bistatic 2-D images that coincide with the real target to be obtained simultaneously. The theoretical analysis is validated by the simulation and electromagnetic calculation.
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Glucose Tolerance and Liver Steatosis in Obese Women

In this study of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), glucose tolerance and liver steatosis in females from an obesity unit, 45 patients (mean age 46.8 years, mean body mass index 39.4 kg/m2, all non-diabetic and alcohol abstainers) underwent nocturnal polysomnography, a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test and abdominal ultrasonography. OSA, defined as an apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) of ≤ 10 events/h, was present in 20 patients (44%). Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was found in eight patients (40%) with OSA and three patients (12%) without OSA; there was a positive linear relationship between AHI and post-load glucose levels. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, IGT was predicted by OSA independently of age, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and current smoking. Liver steatosis was present in 37 women (82.2%), of whom six had grade III steatosis. Of the variables tested, IGT was the only predictor of grade III steatosis. In conclusion, OSA is an independent predictor of IGT which, in turn, is associated with severe liver steatosis in an obesity unit-based sample of women.
Histopathological features in subsequent muscle biopsies in a warmblood mare with myotonic dystrophy

A Czech warmblood filly was presented for the first time at the clinic at the age of five months. Following delivery, she was weak and needed assistance to stand up for the first few days but she was able to suck without any problems. After a few days, movement and the ability to stand up improved according to the owner.
Genistein suppresses mammary cancer in rats.

Female Sprague-Dawley CD rats were injected s.c. with 5 mg genistein, a soy phytoestrogen, or 20 microliters of the vehicle, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), on days 2,4 and 6 postpartum. At day 50, they were exposed to 80 micrograms dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/g body wt. Animals treated neonatally with genistein as compared to DMSO had increased latency and reduced incidence and multiplicity of DMBA-induced mammary adenocarcinomas. Mammary whole mount analysis showed that 50 day old female rats treated neonatally with genistein had fewer terminal end buds. Cell proliferation studies revealed that 50 day old genistein-treated rats had lower percentages and total numbers of cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle in terminal end buds, terminal ducts, lobules I and lobules II. In genistein-treated as compared to vehicle-treated female rats, vaginal openings occurred earlier, the estrus cycle was disrupted and the uterine-ovarian weights were smaller. In 50 day old genistein-treated females there were atretic antral follicles, fewer corpora lutea, and lower circulating progesterone but not estradiol-17 beta concentrations. In 21 day old rats treated neonatally with genistein, mammary glands were larger and there were more terminal end buds and terminal ducts, and more proliferative activity in all terminal ductals structures. It appears that neonatal genistein-treatment exerted its chemoprevention action by acting directly to enhance maturation of terminal ductal structures and by altering the endocrine system to reduce cell proliferation in the mammary gland.
Incidence of smear-positive tuberculosis in Dabat, northern Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) in Dabat District, northern Ethiopia. METHODS Using a population-based longitudinal design, a TB surveillance system was initiated among 46,165 residents at the Dabat Health and Demographic Surveillance System site. Trained field workers visited each household every third month and interviewed all individuals aged ≥14 years using a uniform questionnaire to detect suspected cases of TB (cough ≥15 days), at which time two sputum (spot-morning) samples were collected for smear microscopy. RESULTS A total of 281,820 person-months were observed during the 1-year period, which generated 74 smear-positive TB cases. The incidence of smear-positive TB was calculated at 311 per 100,000 person-years (95%CI 240-382). Higher rates were observed among females (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.08, 95%CI 1.24-3.52), persons with no schooling (IRR 2.74, 95%CI 1.11-6.78) and urban residents (IRR 2.39, 95%CI 1.39-4.12). CONCLUSION The incidence of smear-positive TB is high in Dabat District, suggesting a high risk of transmission in the communities. TB control programmes thus need to improve case-finding mechanisms at the community level in Ethiopia, with greater emphasis on risk groups.
Electrophysiological Phenotypes of MeCP2 A140V Mutant Mouse Model

MeCP2 gene mutations are associated with Rett syndrome and X‐linked mental retardation (XLMR), diseases characterized by abnormal brain development and function. Recently, we created a novel MeCP2 A140V mutation mouse model that exhibited abnormalities of cell packing density and dendritic branching consistent with that seen in Rett syndrome patients as well as other MeCP2 mutant mouse models. Therefore, we hypothesized that some deficits of neuronal and synaptic functions might also be present in the A140V mutant model.