Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Approach for Fault Classification in Microgrids Using Optimal Wavelet Functions Matching Pursuit

This paper introduces a new approach that uses a combination of wavelet functions and machine learning for fault classification in microgrids (MGs). Particle swarm optimization is applied to identify the optimal wavelet functions combination that serves as a matching pursuit to extract the most prominent features, which are hidden in the current/voltage waveforms when applying the discrete wavelet transform. Four different classification techniques (i.e., decision tree, ${K}$ -nearest neighbor, support vector machine, and Naïve Bayes) are used to automate the procedure of fault classification in MGs and their performances are statistically compared. The consortium for electric reliability technology solutions (CERTS) MG is used to exemplify the effectiveness of the proposed approach after modeling the MG system in power systems computer aided design/electromagnetic transient direct current (PSCAD/EMTDC) software package. The results are presented, discussed, and conclusions are drawn.
Impact of bariatric surgery in patients with HIV infection: a nationwide inpatient sample analysis, 2004–2014

Objective: Despite rising rates of obesity among patients with HIV, the potential role for weight loss surgery in this population remains less clear. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the role of bariatric surgery on relevant clinical outcomes among hospitalized obese patients with HIV. Design: Retrospective analysis using the United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 2004 to 2014. Using Poisson regression, adjusted incidence risk ratios (IRR) were derived for clinical outcomes in patients with prior-bariatric surgery compared with those without bariatric surgery. Patients: Patients with discharge co-diagnoses of morbid obesity and HIV. Intervention: Bariatric surgery. Main outcome measures: Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included renal failure, urinary tract infection, malnutrition, sepsis, pneumonia, respiratory failure, thromboembolic events, gastrointestinal strictures, micronutrient deficiency, length of stay, and hospitalization costs. Results: Among 7803 patients with discharge diagnoses of HIV and morbid obesity, 346 patients (4.4%) had bariatric surgery. The proportion of bariatric surgery in obese patients with HIV initially declined by −0.10% per year from 2004 to 2009 (Ptrend < 0.05), then increased at an annual rate of +0.33% from 2012 to 2014 (Ptrend < 0.05). On multivariable analysis, bariatric surgery did not influence mortality (P = 0.98). Bariatric surgery was associated with decreased risk for renal failure, respiratory failure, and sepsis (all P < 0.001). However, bariatric surgery increased the risk for postoperative strictures (IRR 2.5; 95% CI 1.5–4.5; P = 0.001). Conclusion: Though initially underutilized, bariatric surgery in morbidly obese HIV patients is increasing and appears to be well tolerated and effective in significantly reducing life-threatening morbidity.
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, periictal physiology, and the SUDEP‐7 Inventory

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a significant public health burden. Epidemiological studies have identified clinical SUDEP risk factors across large populations, but the means to apply this information to individual patients are lacking. The SUDEP‐7 Inventory was developed as a marker of clinical SUDEP risk and has been used in studies of potential SUDEP biomarkers. We retrospectively reviewed clinical data from 16 patients dying of SUDEP and 48 matched living epilepsy controls to determine whether individuals succumbing to SUDEP could be distinguished from living epilepsy controls using the revised SUDEP‐7 Inventory, the absolute number of clinical risk factors as identified by an International League Against Epilepsy meta‐analysis (ILAE score), and physiological characteristics previously associated with SUDEP risk. Mean revised SUDEP‐7 Inventory score was 3.3 ± 2.0 in SUDEP cases and 3.8 ± 2.3 in controls (P = 0.39). Mean ILAE score was 2.4 ± 1.1 in SUDEP cases and 2.6 ± 1.4 in controls (P = 0.62). There were no significant differences in interictal heart rate variability (measured by the root mean square of differences of successive RR intervals), periictal cardiorespiratory dysfunction, and postictal generalized electroencephalographic suppression between the groups. This demonstrates that a reliable instrument for individual SUDEP risk stratification is lacking and highlights the need for improved understanding of SUDEP pathophysiology and individual risk determination.
Community-acquired Lower Urinary Tract Infections: Etiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Treatment Results in Female Patients

Background/Purpose: Most community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) are usually treated empirically. The knowledge of antibiotic resistance patterns of the microorganisms causing UTI is essential for defining the empirical treatment. Objective: The aim of the present study is to determine the distribution of bacterial strains isolated from lower UTIs and their resistance patterns against commonly used antimicrobial agents and treatment results in female patients. Subjects and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of medical case records of 90 female patients with lower UTI for a period of 4 years from January 2013 to December 2016 in a tertiary care hospital in the Trakya region of Turkey. Results: The most common causative agent was Escherichia coli (66.6% of cases) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.6%). Fosfomycin was the most active agent against E. coli (resistant isolates: 5.5%), followed by nitrofurantoin (resistant isolates: 7.4%). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production was observed in 29 (32.2%) isolates (22 in E. coli, 6 in K. pneumoniae, and 1 in Enterobacter spp.). The antimicrobial resistance rates among ESBL-producing E. coli isolates for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin, and nitrofurantoin were 77.7%, 72.7%, 13.6%, and 18.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). The estimated microbiological eradication rates for nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin were 89.7% and 83.8%, respectively. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin may be considered for empirical therapy of lower UTIs in Trakya region of Turkey.
Automatic Detection of Atrial Fibrillation Based on Continuous Wavelet Transform and 2D Convolutional Neural Networks

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmias causing morbidity and mortality. AF may appear as episodes of very short (i.e., proximal AF) or sustained duration (i.e., persistent AF), either form of which causes irregular ventricular excitations that affect the global function of the heart. It is an unmet challenge for early and automatic detection of AF, limiting efficient treatment strategies for AF. In this study, we developed a new method based on continuous wavelet transform and 2D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect AF episodes. The proposed method analyzed the time-frequency features of the electrocardiogram (ECG), thus being different to conventional AF detecting methods that implement isolating atrial or ventricular activities. Then a 2D CNN was trained to improve AF detection performance. The MIT-BIH Atrial Fibrillation Database was used for evaluating the algorithm. The efficacy of the proposed method was compared with those of some existing methods, most of which implemented the same dataset. The newly developed algorithm using CNNs achieved 99.41, 98.91, 99.39, and 99.23% for the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and overall accuracy (ACC) respectively. As the proposed algorithm targets the time-frequency feature of ECG signals rather than isolated atrial or ventricular activity, it has the ability to detect AF episodes for using just five beats, suggesting practical applications in the future.
Improvements in productivity and increased participation in daily activities over 52 weeks of certolizumab pegol treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: results of a Belgian observational study

ABSTRACT Objectives: To report changes in productivity and social participation – alongside clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) – in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving certolizumab pegol (CZP) during routine clinical practice in Belgium. Methods: This was a prospective, non-interventional study, in which patients were prescribed CZP at their physicians’ discretion and followed during routine clinical visits. The primary outcomes were household productivity and social participation at the last visit (~52 weeks), measured through responses to the Work Productivity Survey. Secondary outcomes included workplace productivity and achievement of DAS28(ESR) clinical response, low disease activity and remission at the last visit. Baseline demographics and adverse events (AEs) were recorded for all patients who received ≥1 dose CZP. Results: A total of 141 patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 119 (84.4%) formed the full analysis set (received ≥1 dose CZP and had ≥1 post-baseline measurement for ≥1 primary outcome). At Visit 1 (baseline), patients reported an average of 11.0 paid work days, 16.8 household work days and 5.5 days of social participation affected by their disease over the previous month. Rapid improvements in household productivity and social participation were evident from Visit 2 (2–8 weeks). By the final visit, mean improvements were observed for all aspects of productivity, participation and clinical/PROs. A total of 24 AEs were reported. Conclusion: CZP has a positive impact on productivity and social participation in patients with RA in the Belgian daily practice setting, with safety and efficacy profiles that mirror those observed in the trial setting.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of influenza vaccine immunization among primary healthcare providers in Dubai health authority, 2016-2017

ABSTRACT Background: Vaccination of healthcare providers (HCPs) against seasonal influenza has been consistently recommended worldwide. Despite that, healthcare providers (HCPs) globally and in other Middle Eastern countries continue to have a low rate of influenza vaccination due to various reasons. No data are available from our country, United Arab Emirates. Objectives: To identify the percentage of vaccinated HCPs, identify the most common reason for receiving the vaccine or not and to identify the level of HCPs knowledge towards the influenza vaccine itself. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, anonymous 18-item self-administered questionnaires were distributed among healthcare providers in the 11 primary healthcare centers of Dubai Health Authority over a period of 5 months. Results: Of the 431 participants who completed the questionnaires, 53.4% reported getting vaccinated. The difference in the vaccine uptake between the different professional categories was significant [P value < . 000]. The most common reason reported by HCPs for getting the vaccine was to protect themselves (94.8%). Of the 46.6% who did not accept the vaccine, the most common reason for not being vaccinated was their belief of not being at high risk to contract influenza (39.8%). Despite fairly good knowledge (63.3%), healthcare providers continue to have their reservations with regards to the yearly influenza vaccination. Conclusion: Although our HCPs attitude towards vaccine uptake, knowledge and practice were positive; the misconception about the vaccine remains the main reason for not being vaccinated as per our study findings. Overall, the study results raise hope of prospective increase in vaccination through educational and technical interventions and by increasing physician involvement. One suggested method would be to apply mandatory vaccination policies since voluntary vaccinations have shown lesser than satisfactory results and to be integrated in the online staff file system to be able to verify the uptake, in addition to provide easily accessible vaccine centers, during the season in order to facilitate tracking and verification of the vaccination status & to encourage staff compliance.
Learning to Attend On Essential Terms: An Enhanced Retriever-Reader Model for Scientific Question Answering

Scientific Question Answering (SQA) is a challenging open-domain task which requires the capability to understand questions and choices, collect useful information, and reason over evidence. Previous work typically formulates this task as a reading comprehension or entailment problem given evidence retrieved from search engines. However, existing techniques struggle to retrieve indirectly related evidence when no directly related evidence is provided, especially for complex questions where it is hard to parse precisely what the question asks. In this paper we propose a retriever-reader model that learns to attend on essential terms during the question answering process. We build 1) an essential-term-aware ‘retriever’ which first identifies the most important words in a question, then reformulates the queries and searches for related evidence 2) an enhanced ‘reader’ to distinguish between essential terms and distracting words to predict the answer. We experimentally evaluate our model on the ARC dataset where it outperforms the existing state-of-the-art model by 7.4%.
Breaking the Beam Search Curse: A Study of (Re-)Scoring Methods and Stopping Criteria for Neural Machine Translation

Beam search is widely used in neural machine translation, and usually improves translation quality compared to greedy search. It has been widely observed that, however, beam sizes larger than 5 hurt translation quality. We explain why this happens, and propose several methods to address this problem. Furthermore, we discuss the optimal stopping criteria for these methods. Results show that our hyperparameter-free methods outperform the widely-used hyperparameter-free heuristic of length normalization by +2.0 BLEU, and achieve the best results among all methods on Chinese-to-English translation.
Taxas de Participação (Formal e Informal) Feminina no Mercado de Trabalho das Regiões Sudeste e Nordeste: uma análise a partir das PNADs, 1992-2002

Resumo A participação feminina no mercado de trabalho brasileiro tem crescido significativamente ao longo das últimas décadas. Entretanto, face à aspectos de natureza socioeconômica e demográfica, tem havido um crescimento paralelo da informalidade. Assim, busca-se, neste artigo, fazer um estudo comparativo entre duas grandes regiões brasileiras: Nordeste e Sudeste. A análise contempla tais regiões devido aos grandes diferenciais socioeconômicos existentes entre elas. Utilizando-se dados das PNAD’s de 1992 a 2002, analisou-se a participação feminina no mercado de trabalho (não agrícola), considerando-se tanto a inserção formal quanto a informal, numa perspectiva de período e de coorte. Posteriormente, buscou-se analisar as mudanças recentes ocorridas na estrutura setorial/ocupacional, com o objetivo de investigar (grosso modo) uma possível mobilidade entre os setores formal e informal da economia. Como principais resultados, é possível destacar que i) tanto os efeitos de período quanto os de coorte exercem influência sobre a participação feminina no mercado de trabalho em ambas as regiões; ii) no período 1992-2001 o crescimento da participação feminina em atividades não-agrícolas foi superior a 40%, sendo a atividade de prestação de serviços a que mais absorveu a mão-de-obra feminina, porém foi o comércio o setor que presenciou o maior crescimento no período e; iii) apesar da crescente inserção das mulheres na atividade econômica, esta inserção, especialmente no Nordeste, ocorre basicamente via informalidade (subdividida nas categorias informal autônomo e informal precário), onde as mulheres não usufruem dos direitos trabalhistas a elas assegurados (aposentadoria, seguro desemprego, etc).
Flexible autonomy: an online approach to developing mathematics subject knowledge for teachers

This paper uses an adaptation of Brookfield’s (2017) lenses to critically reflect upon a Subject Knowledge Enhancement Course designed and taught by the authors. Learning occurs through a synthesis of asynchronous engagement with online e-learning modules, weekly synchronous tutorials and self-reflection following formative and summative assessment opportunities. Interrogating the course design, learner feedback and observation, and tutor pedagogic choices through connectivist and social constructivist learning theory, the paper concludes that the common perceived learning gains occur through the flexibility in learning, and the supported autonomy that learners are given. Further developments in our offer should therefore aim to improve these opportunities for learners where possible.
Clinical profile and outcome in a large sample of children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder: A chart review from a tertiary care center in India

Background: Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric illness in children and adolescents. Till date, the sample sizes in the Indian studies have been relatively small. Methodology: The present study is a retrospective chart review of a large sample of children and adolescents diagnosed with OCD in a tertiary care center Objectives: The objectives of this study were to characterize the clinical profile and to evaluate outcome of OCD in children and adolescents Results: Fear of contamination and washing/cleaning compulsions were the most common presenting symptoms. Most of the patients were male with two-thirds having a comorbid disorder. Major depressive disorder was the most common comorbid disorder. The rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, disruptive behavioral disorders, and tic disorders were low when compared to Western studies. One-third of the patients received adequate trial of serotonin reuptake inhibitors and 36% received cognitive behavior therapy. Fifty-four percent of patients had a poor outcome with hospitalization, longer duration of illness, earlier onset of OC symptoms, and family history of OCD being the predictors of poor outcome. Conclusion: The present study of a large sample of patients with juvenile OCD highlights the low rate of comorbid disruptive behavior disorders as reported in the earlier Indian studies and a favorable short-term outcome in approximately 56% of the patients.
Recruitment and retention strategies in mental health trials – A systematic review

Background Recruitment and retention challenges are very common in mental health randomised trials. Investigators utilise different methods to improve recruitment or retention. However, evidence of the effectiveness and efficiency of these strategies in mental health has not been synthesised. This systematic review is to investigate and assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different strategies to improve recruitment and retention in mental health randomised trials. Methods and materials MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Methodology Register and PsycINFO were searched from beginning of record up to July 2016. Randomised trials involving participants with mental health problems which compared different strategies for recruitment or retention were selected. Two authors independently screened identified studies for eligibility. Results A total of 5,157 citations were identified. Thirteen articles were included, 11 on recruitment and 2 on retention. Three randomised controlled trials compared different recruitment strategies, none of which found statistically significant differences between the interventional recruitment strategies and the routine recruitment methods. Retrospective comparisons of recruitment methods showed that non-web-based advertisement and recruitment by clinical research staff each have advantages in efficiency. Web-based adverts had the lowest cost per person recruited (£13.41 per person recruited). Specialised care referral cost £183.24 per person, non-web-based adverts cost £372.03 per patient and recruitment via primary care cost £407.65 for each patient. Financial incentives, abridged questionnaires and pre-notification had a positive effect on retention rates. Conclusion The recruitment studies included showed differences in strategies, clinical settings, mental health conditions and study design. It is difficult to assess the overall effectiveness of any particular recruitment strategy as some strategies that worked well for a particular population may not work as well for others. Paying attention to the accessibility of information and consent materials may help improve recruitment. More research in this area is needed given its important implications.
LEE011 and ruxolitinib: a synergistic drug combination for natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL)

Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma that has been facing limited success with conventional treatments, urging for the discovery of alternative strategies. Recent studies including ours have revealed that EZH2 and JAK-STAT signalling pathways are key contributors to NKTCL pathogenesis. In particular, we found that EZH2 is overexpressed and directly transcriptionally activates the CCND1 gene to confer growth advantage. CCND1 codes for cyclin D1, which complexes with CDK4/6 to promote G1 to S phase transition. Therefore in this study we investigated whether inhibiting both JAK1/2 and CDK4/6, using LEE011 and ruxolitinib respectively is effective in NKTL. We first demonstrate that separate LEE011 and ruxolitinib treatment is sufficient to cause growth inhibition of NKTCL cells. More importantly, we found that there is synergistic growth inhibitory effects on NKTCL cells with combination treatment of LEE011 and ruxolitinib. The results obtained shows that the targeting of both CDK4/6 and JAK1/2 are promising to develop better treatment alternatives for NKTCL.
Investigating the Social Efficiency of Merchant Transmission Planning Through a Non-cooperative Game-Theoretic Framework

Merchant transmission planning is considered as a further step toward the full liberalization of the electricity industry. However, previous modeling approaches do not comprehensively explore its social efficiency as they cannot effectively deal with a large number of merchant companies. This paper addresses this fundamental challenge by adopting a novel non-cooperative game-theoretic approach. Specifically, the number of merchant companies is assumed sufficiently large to be approximated as a continuum. This allows the derivation of mathematical conditions for the existence of a Nash equilibrium solution of the merchant planning game. By analytically and numerically comparing this solution against the one obtained through the traditional centralized planning approach, the paper demonstrates that merchant planning can maximize social welfare only when the following conditions are satisfied: a) fixed investment costs are neglected and b) the network is radial and does not include any loops. Given that these conditions do not generally hold in reality, these findings suggest that even a fully competitive merchant transmission planning framework, involving the participation of a very large number of competing merchant companies, is not generally capable of maximizing social welfare.