Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The imprint of X-ray photoevaporation of planet-forming discs on the orbital distribution of giant planets

Context. Numerical models have shown that disc dispersal via internal photoevaporation driven by the host star can successfully reproduce the observed pile-up of warm Jupiters near 1–2 au. However, since a range of different mechanisms have been proposed to cause the same feature, clear observational diagnostics of disc dispersal leaving an imprint in the observed distribution of giant planets could help in constraining the dominant mechanisms. Aims. We aim to assess the impact of disc dispersal via X-ray-driven photoevaporation (XPE) on giant planet separations in order to provide theoretical constraints on the location and size of any possible features related to this process within the observed semi-major axis distribution of giant planets. Methods. For this purpose, we perform a set of 1D planet population syntheses with varying initial conditions and correlate the gas giants’ final parking locations with the X-ray luminosities of their host stars in order to quantify observables of this process within the semi-major axis versus host star X-ray luminosity plane of these systems. Results. We find that XPE does create an under-density of gas giants near the gravitational radius, with corresponding pile-ups inside and/or outside this location. However, the size and location of these features are strongly dependent on the choice of initial conditions in our model, such as the assumed formation location of the planets. Conclusions. XPE can strongly affect the migration process of giant planets and leave potentially observable signatures within the observed orbital separations of giant planets. However, due to the simplistic approach employed in our model, which lacks a self-consistent treatment of planet formation within an evolving disc, a quantitative analysis of the final planet population orbits is not possible. Our results, however, should strongly motivate future studies to include realistic disc dispersal mechanisms in global planet population synthesis models with self-consistent planet formation modules.
Facile Synthesis of P25@Pd Core-Shell Catalyst with Ultrathin Pd Shell and Improved Catalytic Performance in Heterogeneous Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Acetophenone

Heterogeneous enantioselective hydrogenation is an ideal method for synthesizing important chiral compounds in pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Up to the present, supported noble-metal catalysts are most widely studied in heterogeneous enantioselective hydrogenations. However, it is found that the weak interactions existing on the surface of support may have negative effects on the enantioselectivity. Herein, a new category of TiO2 (Aeroxide® P25) supported Pd catalyst with ultrathin Pd shell was successfully prepared via a simple strategy based on the reduction of PdI carbonyl complex. Characterization results show that a well-dispersed ultrathin Pd shell with an average thickness of ~1.0 nm and a Pd loading of 36 wt. % was formed over the surface of P25 support. By excluding the negative weak interactions from the support, the P25@Pd core-shell catalyst with unique electronic properties of Pd exhibits higher activity and enantioselectivity than that of Pd/P25 catalyst prepared by the impregnation method and unsupported Pd black catalyst in the enantioselective hydrogenation of acetophenone.
The role of wage differences and individual labour supply on male earnings inequality: empirical evidence from Spain

This paper studies the link between wage differences and individual earnings inequality for a sample of Spanish continuously working males from the European Community Household Panel for the period from 1994 to 1998. We analyse and quantify the contribution of two labour market features that could affect this link: the role of permanent and transitory wage inequality, and the existence of a significant response in individuals? hours of work to shifts in their own wage rates. Based on Hyslop (2001), we propose a particular specification for wages and earnings that incorporates an intertemporal labour supply model and we obtain predictions on wage and earnings inequality using a covariance structure framework. En este trabajo se analiza la relacion entre las diferencias salariales y la desigualdad en rentas laborales individuales para una muestra de hombres empleados de forma continua en Espana en el periodo comprendido entre 1994 y 1998 procedente del Panel de Hogares de la Union Europea (PHOGUE). En concreto, se analiza y cuantifica la contribucion de dos aspectos del mercado laboral que pueden afectar a dicha relacion o transmision: el papel de la desigualdad salarial permanente o transitoria, y la existencia de respuestas significativas de las horas de trabajo de los individuos a variaciones en sus propios salarios. Basandonos en Hyslop (2001), se propone una especificacion particular para los salarios y las rentas laborales que incorpora un modelo de oferta de trabajo intertemporal. A traves de la estimacion de dicho modelo, se obtienen predicciones de la desigualdad salarial y la desigualdad en rentas laborales utilizando un enfoque de estructura de covarianza.
Performance of the Brachiaria hybrid Mulatto II under different doses and forms of limestone application in the Amazon

Acid soils have been responsible for the poor performance of most plant species, and liming is an efficient way of correcting the pH of such soils. The aim of this study was to assess the performance and establishment of the Brachiaria hybrid ‘Mulatto II’ under different doses and forms of limestone application. The experimental design was of five doses of limestone (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 t ha-1) and two forms of application (broadcasting over the surface, and broadcasting followed by hoeing the top 20 cm of soil) with three replications, in 3 x 3 metre plots of the Brachiaria hybrid ‘Mulatto II’. The greatest number of germinated seeds was at the dose of 4 t ha-1 limestone when incorporated into the soil. For height, the greatest values found were at the maximum dose of limestone when incorporated into the soil. Dry matter production was not influenced by the form of limestone application, however production increased with the supply of limestone. The hybrid variety proved easily adaptable to different soil and climate conditions. Key words: Liming, tropical pasture, fodder availability, dry matter.
Effect of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) on some fertility parameters in Awassi ewes synchronized with PGF2α in the breeding season

Sunulan calismanin amaci, asim sezonunda PGF2α ile senkronize edilmis Ivesi Koyunlarinda Recombinant Follikul Stimule Hormonun (rFSH) fertilite uzerine etkisi arastirmaktir. Calismada kullanilan toplam 50 bas safkan Ivesi koyuna 10’ar gun ara ile iki defa 0.150 mg dozunda Tiaprost (PGF2α, Iliren®) enjeksiyonlari yapildi. Ikinci PGF2α enjeksiyonlari yapildiktan sonra koyunlar rastgele iki esit gruba ayrildi. Birinci gruptaki koyunlara ilave bir enjeksiyon yapilmadan (Grup 1, n=25) PGF2α grubu, ikinci gruptaki (Grup 2, n=25) koyunlara ise ikinci PGF2α enjeksiyondan 24 saat once 1/10 oraninda serum fizyolojik ile sulandirilip 10 IU Follitropin (rFSH, Puregon®) enjeksiyonu yapildi. Ostruslar (Saat 06.00, 14.00 ve 20.00) gunde uc kez 1’er saat sureyle fertil bir arama kocu tarafindan test edildi. Ostrus gosteren koyunlara dogal asim yaptirildi. Gebelikler dogal asimi takip eden 40. gunde transrektal ultrasonografi ile tespit edildi. Ostruslar Grup 1’de % 88.0, Grup 2’de % 92.0 oraninda gozlendi. Gebelik orani ise birinci grupta % 100 elde edilirken bu oran ikinci grupta % 95.6 olarak elde edildi. Kuzulama orani Grup 1’de % 100 Grup 2’de ise % 95.5 olarak gerceklesti. Ikizlik oranlari birinci grupta % 4.5, ikinci grupta % 57.1 olarak gerceklesti. Gruplar arasinda farkin onemli oldugu saptanirken (p<0.001), gebelik, ostrus ve kuzulama oranlari acidan onemli bir fark saptanmadi. Sonuc olarak, asim sezonundaki Ivesi Koyunlarinda ikinci PGF2α enjeksiyondan 24 saat once rFSH uygulamalarinin ikizlik oranini arttirdigi gorulmustur. Boylece bu protokol, fertiliteyi arttirmak amaciyla alternatif bir senkronizasyon metodu olarak kullanilabilir. Koyunlarda rFSH nin farkli doz uygulamalarinin fertilite uzerine etkisini belirlemek icin daha fazla calismalarin yapilma kanaatine varilmistir
Spatial and Temporal Variation of Impacts of Climate Change on the Hydrometeorology of Indus River Basin Using RCPs Scenarios, South East Asia

In this study we assessed the spatio temporal impacts of climate change on the hydrometeorology of Indus River basin. A 0.5 by 0.5 degree resolution data of Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase5 (CMIP5) global climate models (GCMs) output of precipitation and temperature (maximum and minimum) and VIC (Vertical Infiltration Capacity- Macroscale hydrological model) simulation results of evaporation and total runoff at the out let of the Arabian peninsula for 2030`s (2035-2064) and 2070`s (2071-2100) under (Representative Concentration Pathway) RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 emissions scenarios used. Arc GIS 10.2 extension of ordinary kriging Geostatistical interpolation techniques applied for spatial analysis of precipitation, temperature (maximum and minimum) and evaporation for the River basin. Future projection results as compared to the base period (1971-2005) showed that the, average multimodal monthly precipitation decreases during winter and, spring months and increases during summer months, ranging in between -25% and +43%. Average seasonal spatial precipitation changes resulted various ranges of precipitation distribution for 2070`s of RCP 4.5, average seasonal precipitation decreases in the mid part of the basin up to -20%. Average temperature increase for both future periods (2030`s and 2070`s) and RCPs (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) emission scenarios, maximum temperature change observed in the Himalayas Mountains. All GCMs except MPI projected increase of future average annual evaporation. Average Multimodal GCMs projection results showed that the, average monthly runoff increases more during summer than winter. The increase of runoff at the downstream flow is as a result of snow and glacial melt at the high elevation regions of the Indus River basin. The increase of runoff flow probably has positive impacts in meeting the water requirement of small scale irrigation schemes. Moreover, water can be stored in a reservoir during summer season and distributed to arid areas of the basin. Due to the increased amount of flow during summer, there may be high chance of flooding in plain areas of the basin, therefore a precaution measure have to be taken in order to minimize the possible risks of flooding on agricultural and human welfare of the society.
Constraints on the Dark Side of the Universe and Observational Hubble Parameter Data

This paper is a review on the observational Hubble parameter data that have gained increasing attention in recent years for their illuminating power on the dark side of the universe: the dark matter, dark energy, and the dark age. Currently, there are two major methods of independent observational measurement, which we summarize as the “differential age method” and the “radial BAO size method. ” Starting with fundamental cosmological notions such as the spacetime coordinates in an expanding universe, we present the basic principles behind the two methods. We further review the two methods in greater detail, including the source of errors. We show how the observational data present itself as a useful tool in the study of cosmological models and parameter constraint, and we also discuss several issues associated with their applications. Finally, we point the reader to a future prospect of upcoming observation programs that will lead to some major improvements in the quality of observational data.
Technical efficiency of water use and its determinants, study at small- scale irrigation schemes in North-West Province, South Africa

This paper analyses the efficiency with which water is used in small-scale irrigation schemes in North-West Province in South Africa and studies its determinants. In the study area, small-scale irrigation schemes play an important role in rural development, but the increasing pressure on water resources and the approaching introduction of water charges raise the concern for more efficient water use. With the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) techniques used to compute farm-level technical efficiency measures and sub-vector efficiencies for water use, it was shown that under Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) and Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) specification, substantial technical inefficiencies, of 49% and 16% respectively, exist among farmers. The sub-vector efficiencies for water proved to be even lower, indicating that if farmers became more efficient using the technology currently available, it would be possible to reallocate a fraction of the irrigation water to other water demands without threatening the role of small-scale irrigation. In a second step, Tobit regression techniques were used to examine the relationship between sub-vector efficiency for water and various farm/farmers characteristics. Farm size, landownership, fragmentation, the type of irrigation scheme, crop choice and the irrigation methods applied showed a significant impact on the sub-vector efficiency for water. Such information is valuable for extension services and policy makers since it can help to guide policies towards increased efficiency.
Affect-Group Intervention for Alexithymia in Eating Disorders

The purpose of this study is to describe a treatment intervention to alleviate eating disturbance and alexithymia symptoms in thirty patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia nervosa. The method consists of teaching and coaching about the emotional/affective status of individuals and incorporates both written and oral sessions. The treatment is presented within groups on one occasion (90 min) each week over eight-week periods. The results indicated that the intervention treatment reduced significantly the extent of alexithymia, as measured using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, expressed by the patients. This implies that the teaching-coaching episodes affected their ability to cope with feelings thereby expressing improved insights concerning self-awareness and an understanding of themselves and others.
Hydrothermal activity on the ultra‐slow spreading southern Knipovich Ridge

We report first evidence for hydrothermal activity from the southern Knipovich Ridge, an ultra‐slow spreading ridge segment in the Norwegian‐Greenland Sea. Evidence comes from optical backscatter anomalies collected during a systematic side‐scan sonar survey of the ridge axis, augmented by the identification of biogeochemical tracers in the overlying water column that are diagnostic of hydrothermal plume discharge (Mn, CH4, ATP). Analysis of coregistered geologic and oceanographic data reveals that the signals we have identified are consistent with a single high‐temperature hydrothermal source, located distant from any of the axial volcanic centers that define second‐order segmentation along this oblique ridge system. Rather, our data indicate a hydrothermal source associated with highly tectonized seafloor that may be indicative of serpentinizing ultramafic outcrops. Consistent with this hypothesis, the hydrothermal plume signals we have detected exhibit a high methane to manganese ratio of 2–3:1. This is higher than that typical of volcanically hosted vent sites and provides further evidence that the source of the plume signals reported here is most probably a high‐temperature hydrothermal field that experiences some ultramafic influence (compare to Rainbow and Logachev sites, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge). While such sites have previously been invoked to be common on the SW Indian Ridge, this may be the first such site to be located along the Arctic ultra‐slow spreading ridge system.
Anticonvulsant, Anxiolytic, and Sedative Properties of the Fruit of Sarcocephalus latifolius in Rats.

This study was conducted to evaluate the anticonvulsant and the sedative anxiolytic activity of the fruit extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius (synonym, Nauclea latifolia) Smith (Rubiaceae) in rats. The ethanolic extract of the plant fruit was screened for its anxiolytic activity using simple activity meter. Anticonvulsant activities of the extract was evaluated on four experimental animal models at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg,i.p in rats using maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) test, picrotoxin (PIC) and strychnine (STR) induced seizures test. Sodium valproate (400 mg kg) was used as a reference anticonvulsant drug for all models. The plant showed marked sedative anxiolytic effect and significant decrease in the motor activity (p 0.001) since the first dose (200 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner . The doses 400 and 800 mg/kg of the extract significantly (p < 0.01 p < 0.001) reduced the duration of seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES) and delayed the onset of tonicclonic seizures produced by strychnine respectively. All the tested doses significantly protected the animals up to 100% from pentylenetetrazole and picrotoxininduced seizures. Results of the present study concluded that the ethanolic extract of the fruit of S. latifolius possess sedative, anticonvulsant and anxiolytic properties. So it is recommended for the treatment of insomnia anxiety and epilepsy. ملا تس صخل جنشتلل داضملا طاشنلا مییقتل ةساردلا هذھ تیرجا و قلقلل لیزملا ئدھملاو تابن ةرمث نم يلوحكلا صلختسملل مدختسا مت . ناذرجلا ىدل ةدودمركلا مییقت مت امك تابنلا ةرمثل قلقلل لیزملا رثلاا مییقتل طیسبلا طاشنلا فشك زاھج ةدام ،يئابرھكلا قعصلا جذومن مادختساب براجتلا تاناویح ىلع تیرجا جذامن عبرا ىلع جنشتلل داضملا رثلاا لوزارتت نیلاتنبلا و رتسلاا ةدامو نیسكوتوركیبلا ةدام ك صلا تیروبلاف مدختسا . ھجنشملا نین داضملا ءاودلا مویدو ءاودك جنشتلل يباجیا طباض ھو تابنلا ةرمث صلختسم نم ةفلتخم زیكارت ثلاث رابتخا مت . جذامنلا لك عم ي 200 و 400 و 800 /غلم مجلك رثا جئاتنلا ترھظا . ناذرجلا يف نوتیربلا ءاشغ يلع تنقح قلقلل لیزم و ریبك ضافخنا يف يكرحلا طاشنلا ىلولاا ةعرجلا ءاطعا ذنم نم ا صلختسمل 200 نم لقا ھیونعم ھللادب مجلك/غلم 0.001 باضلا ةعومجم عم ةنراقم يباجیلاا ط یتعرجلا تعاطتسا امك . ن 400 و 800 /غلم مجلك جنشتلا ةبون ةدم ضیفخت عصلا نع ةمجانلا ق ةیئابرھكلا ة يئابرھكلا قعصلا يجذومن ىلع رخأتو ءدب روھظ تابونلا نع ةجتانلا ةیجنشتلا رتسلاا ةدام ك ھیونعم ةللادب نین 0.01 و 0.001 يلاوتلا ىلع نإ نیح يف لك اھرابتخا مت يتلا تاعرجلا تماق تاناویحلا ةیامحب نع ةمجانلا ةیجنشتلا تابونلا نم نیسكوتوركیبلاو لوزارتت نیلاتنبلا يتدام ظوحلم لكشب لصی Journal of Natural and Medical Sciences (JNMS) vol. 15 (2) 2014 ISSN 1858-6805 e-ISSN 1858-6813 70 ىلإ 100 . ٪ بطلا يف ةمدختسملاو ةدودمركلا تابن ةرمث نا ىلا ةساردلا تصلخ قلقلا جلاعل ينادوسلا يدیلقتلا قرلااو عرصلاو كلتمت اھل تابكرم جنشتلل ةداضم صاوخ ھئدھمو . ناذرجلا ىدل قلقلل ةلیزمو
Rangeomorph classification schemes and intra-specific variation: are all characters created equal?

Abstract Rangeomorphs from the Ediacaran of Avalonia are among the oldest known complex macrofossils and our understanding of their ecology, ontogeny and phylogenetic relationships relies on accurate and consistent classification. There are a number of disparate classification schemes for this group, which dominantly rely on a combination of their branching characters and shape metrics. Using multivariate statistical analyses and the diverse stemmed, multifoliate rangeomorphs in Charnwood Forest (UK), we assess the taxonomic usefulness of the suite of characters currently in use. These techniques allow us to successfully discriminate taxonomic groupings without a priori assumptions or weighting of characters and to document a hitherto unrecognized level of variation within single taxonomic groups. Variation within the currently defined genus Primocandelabrum is too great to be realistically assigned to different species and may instead reflect primary character diversity, ontogenetic changes in character state or ecophenotypic variability. Its recognition cautions against generic-level diagnoses based on single differences in character state and will be crucial in understanding the mode of growth of these enigmatic organisms. Supplementary material: Data tables, definition of the characters used in the analyses, and detailed descriptions and breakdowns of methods and results are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. c.3726937
THE INFLUENCE OF SEDIMENT SULFIDE ON THE STRUCTURE OF SOUTH FLORIDA SEAGRASS COMMUNITIES

Sediment porewater sulfide affects the structure of South Florida seagrass communities because it is abundant, it is toxic, and because sulfide tolerance varies among seagrass species. In this paper, we present four datasets which illustrate the influence of sulfide on the structure and species composition of subtropical seagrass communities: 1. Porewater sulfide measurements made during seagrass die-off episodes in Florida Bay during 1990 and 2000 which show that porewater sulfide concentrations in active die-off areas (4-10 mM) far exceed normal concentrations throughout Florida Bay (<2 mM); 2. Field experiments which raised porewater sulfide concentrations up to 12 mM resulting in complete mortality of Thalassia testudinum , some loss of Syringodium filiforme, and almost no mortality of Halodule wrightii; 3. Guano-addition experiments performed in the early 1990’s by Fourqurean et al. (1995), which we re-interpret to show that porewater sulfide concentration changes might contribute to species shifts from Thalassia to Halodule around bird roosting sites, and 4. Sediment sulfide concentrations measured in nine estuaries of the eastern Gulf of Mexico that show potentially toxic sediment sulfide concentrations in several estuaries. We suggest that Thalassia is much less tolerant of high porewater sulfide concentrations than Halodule because Thalassia has a much higher ratio of belowground:above-ground biomass. Any physical or chemical process which increases sediment sulfide concentrations can therefore cause sub-lethal, chronic stress which reduces Thalassia productivity. Higher concentrations can result in acute, lethal sulfide stress. Sulfide stress might also occur without changes in porewater sulfide concentrations if the oxygen balance of seagrasses is affected by decreased photosynthetic or oxygen transport capacity due to shading by phytoplankton, epiphytes, or resuspended sediments. Pathogens, physical injury, and grazing organisms can also reduce oxygen transport from seagrass leaves to roots and rhizomes, setting the stage for hypoxic stress and sulfide toxicity. Recent measurements of porewater sulfide concentrations in several west Florida estuaries suggest that the problem of sulfide toxicity is not limited to seagrasses growing in carbonate sediments. In fact, sulfide toxicity might play a synergistic role in recent seagrass losses in Tampa Bay. Seagrass restoration efforts should consider sediment sulfide levels and sulfide tolerance of seagrass species in transplant projects. THE INFLUENCE OF SEDIMENT SULFIDE ON THE STRUCTURE OF SOUTH FLORIDA SEAGRASS COMMUNITIES