Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do leatherback turtles Dermochelys coriacea forage during the breeding season? A combination of data-logging devices provide new insights

Animals which undertake migrations from foraging grounds to suitable breeding areas must adopt strategies in these new conditions in order to minimise the rate at which body condition deteriorates (which will occur due to oogenesis or provisioning for young). For some animals this involves continuing foraging, whereas for others the optimal strategy is to fast during the breeding season. The leatherback turtle undertakes long-distance migrations from temperate zones to tropical breeding areas, and in some of these areas it has been shown to exhibit diving behaviour indicative of foraging. We used conventional time-depth recorders and a single novel mouth-opening sensor to investigate the foraging behaviour of leatherback turtles in the southern Caribbean. Diving behav- iour suggested attempted foraging on vertically migrating prey with significantly more diving to a more consistent depth occurring during the night. No obvious prey manipulation was detected by the mouth sensor, but rhythmic mouth opening did occur during specific phases of dives, suggesting that the turtle was relying on gustatory cues to sense its immediate environment. Patterns of diving in conjunction with these mouth-opening activities imply that leatherbacks are attempting to forage during the breeding season and that gustatory cues are important to leatherbacks.
BIDDER AND TARGET VALUATION AND METHOD OF PAYMENT OF M&AS IN JAPAN: EVIDENCE AGAINST THE MISVALUATION-DRIVEN TRANSACTIONS

We analyze 377 takeovers that occurred in Japan between 2000 and 2007. Our focus is on the choice of payment method between cash and shares, the bidding premium, the market valuation of a bidder and a target, and the share price reaction. We relate the findings to the two complimentary theories of takeover motives; the Q-theory and the misvaluation theory. We have found that in Japan cash offers tend to occur when an acquirer and a target are highly valued on B/P basis, and when target’s size in terms of market cap. is smaller relative to bidder’s size. The bidding premium tends to be higher when a bidder’s valuation is higher, when a target’s valuation is lower, and when target’s market cap. is smaller relative to bidder’s market cap. The choice of payment method (cash or stock) does not affect the bidding premium. Buyer’s CARs are higher when target’s market cap. is larger relative to bidder’s market cap. Target’s CARs are higher when a bidder’s valuation is higher, when a target’s valuation is lower, and when cash is used to pay for a takeover. Japanese takeover market was very small before the late 1990s and then quickly expanded in the 21st century, so that we are among the first to explore it. Our findings under the recent merger wave in Japan are in contrast with Dong et al. (2006), and are consistent with the Q-theory. We believe that the Japanese management has so far conducted a takeover based on managerial and strategic objectives. Our results also provide an explanation for the finding of Kang et al. (2000) and others who report that that on average a takeover announcement in Japan is greeted with positive share price reaction of both a bidder and a target.
Effects of the age of second language learning on the duration of first and second language sentences: The role of suppression

The primary aim of this study was to account for the finding that late bilinguals produce longer English sentences than early bilinguals. In Experiment 1, Italians who immigrated to Canada either between the age of 2–13 years (“early bilinguals”) or 15–28 years (“late bilinguals”) repeated matched English and Italian sentences following an aural model. The early bilinguals produced shorter English than Italian sentences, whereas the late bilinguals showed the opposite pattern. The same countervailing pattern was evident in Experiment 2, where bilinguals shortened sentences by 20% when instructed to repeat sentences as rapidly as possible. Subgroups of bilinguals who reported using Italian often M=46% Italian use) but not seldom (M=8%) were found to have produced significantly longer English sentences than native English (NE) speakers did. The results were interpreted to mean that the late bilinguals produced longer English sentences than the early bilinguals because they needed to expend more resources to suppress their Italian subsystem than the early bilinguals. The perceptual effect of sentence duration was evaluated in Experiment 3, where pairs of English sentences differing in duration were presented to NE-speaking listeners for foreign accent ratings. A 10% shortening caused sentences spoken by late bilinguals to sound less foreign accented but it caused sentences spoken by early bilinguals to sound more foreign accented.
INTERNET AND SOCIAL MOVEMENT ACTION REPERTOIRES

The Zapatista uprising, which started in 1994, and the ‘Battle of Seattle’ in 1999 are but two iconic examples that are so often used to illustrate how the internet has shaped and is shaping social movements and the tactics they use to pursue their claims. In this article, the authors present the ‘state-of-the-art’ literature on action repertoires of social movements in an internet age. The article builds a strong case in favour of the internet as it has given social movements new and improved opportunities to engage in social and political action. At the same time, a naïve internet-optimism is avoided, by pointing out several limitations. There is the ‘classical’ problem of digital divide. In some cases, the internet has made collective action still not easy enough, while in others it has made it perhaps too easy reducing the final political impact of a certain action. In addition, it seems that the new media are loosing their newness quickly, and more fundamentally are unable to create stable ties between activists that are necessary for sustained collective action. With the internet, social movements have not become a more powerful force in society. But, as political and economical power has gradually moved to the international level, the internet has enabled social movements to follow that transition and operate more globally.
Bonded Composite Patch Repairs on Cracked Aluminum Plates: Theory, Modeling and Experiments

Composite patches, bonded on cracked or corroded metallic aircraft structures, have shown to be a highly cost effective method for extending the service life and maintaining high structural efficiency (Baker & Jones, 1988; Baker, 1993; Molent et al., 1989; Baker et al., 1984; Torkington, 1991; Bartholomeus, 1991). Damage tolerant and fail-safe design of aircraft, aerospace and civil structures requires a substantial amount of inspection and defects-monitoring at regular intervals. There is a large number of high-cost inventory of aircraft structures in operation throughout Europe and the world, that are undergoing continuous degradation through aging. Moreover, this number is increasing by around 5% every year, resulting in significant negative impact on the economy of many nations. The degradation of defects critical structures is controlled through careful and expensive regularly scheduled inspections in an effort to reduce their risk of failure. The replacement of a damaged structural component has a relevant impact on the life cycle cost of an airplane. Bonded composite patches for repairing cracks and defects in aircraft structures have been widely used in the last years. This technology offers many advantages over mechanical fastening or riveting, including improved fatigue behavior, restored stiffness and strength, reduced corrosion and readily formed into complex shapes. The repair of metal structures with composite materials is a technology that was first introduced in Australia in the early 1970s and later in USA in early 1980s. It is now estimated that over 10 000 flying patch repairs, for corrosion and fatigue damages, have been performed on Australian and US military aircraft (Christian et al., 1992; Umamaheswar & Singh, 1999; Roach, 1995). This technology was first used for the repair of military aircraft and then applied also to civil aircraft. The success of a bonding repair depends on the properties of both the adhesive and the patch. The quality of the repair depends upon bonding process and surface treatment as well. Carbon–epoxy composites have been mostly used in aeronautics due to their high stiffness and strength to weight ratios. The performance of the adhesive plays a key role in the successful utilization of bonded composite patch repairs. The role of a bonded composite patch is to restore the stress state modified by the presence of the crack. The stress intensity factor is then reduced by the presence of the patch. Many authors have already investigated the behavior of metallic structures repaired by composite
Intraspecific genome size variation in Dactylis glomerata and Hordeum spontaneum : . . . ( něco úderného ) :-)

Background and aims. Dactylis glomerata and Hordeum spontaneum are two species with previously documented genome size variation. 1. In Dactylis glomerata, a frequently cited study of Reeves et al. (1998) reported a negative association of genome size with site altitude. Our aim was to reinvestigate this report using the same accessions, and explain the variation using climatic data or infraspecific taxonomic traits. 2. For in Hordeum spontaneum, environmentally induced proliferation of transposable elements was reported, but without an apparent impact on genome size estimations. Our aim was to study the variation in this species on a sharp climatic gradient and explain it by fitting appropriate climatic variables. Methods. Relative nuclear DNA amount was estimated using FCM with DAPI staining. Climatic variables were extracted from the global WORLDCLIM model. In D. glomerata, maximum leaf width was recorded as a proxy of the phenotype traits. Results. D. glomerata samples varied by 1.11 fold in genome size and the variation was proven by double-peaks. Genome size and leaf width showed a strong positive correlation together and both also with annual precipitation and the geographical distribution. Genome size in H. spontaneum varied 1.02 fold. Conclusions. The previously estimated relationship of genome size and altitude in Dactylis glomerata was not confirmed, thus this hypothesis of the abovementioned study of Reeves et al. should be rejected. Higher genome size was found in Spanish populations, where the distribution ranges of subsp. glomerata and subsp. izcoi overlap. In Hordeum spontaneum, a detailed assessment of its genome size variation is still beyond the actual limits of flow cytometric measurements.
Evaluating the role of formulation in counselling psychology: A systematic literature review

Despite the importance placed upon the concept and act of formulation across multiple therapeutic approaches, there is a lack of literature from within the profession of counselling psychology directly on the role, use and practice of formulation, with existing literature predominantly emanating from the related yet distinct therapeutic fields of counselling, psychotherapy, clinical psychology or psychiatry. This, in conjunction with the controversies and lack of consensus on the subject, as well as the demands of the professional and regulatory bodies, have led to this paper. Our aim is to shed light on the role that formulation plays within the profession under the lens of counselling psychology’s philosophical underpinnings. More specifically, this systematic review investigates whether formulation may be considered as fact or opinion; whether formulations across therapeutic approaches may be cohesive or divisive within counselling psychology practice; whether formulations should be undertaken inclusively with clients and other professionals or exclusively by the practitioner. Such exploration uncovers key areas of debate and potential considerations for the profession regarding how formulation is approached, utilised in clinical practice and, taught by training institutions.
CONSTRAINTS ON OBSCURED STAR FORMATION IN HOST GALAXIES OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS

We present the results of the 16 cm wave band continuum observations of four host galaxies of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) 990705, 021211, 041006, and 051022 using the Australia Telescope Compact Array. Radio emission was not detected in any of the host galaxies. The 2σ upper limits on star formation rates derived from the radio observations of the host galaxies are 23, 45, 27, and 26 M☉ yr−1, respectively, which are less than about 10 times those derived from UV/optical observations, suggesting that they have no significant dust-obscured star formation. GRBs 021211 and 051022 are known as the so-called dark GRBs and our results imply that dark GRBs do not always occur in galaxies enshrouded by dust. Because large dust extinction was not observed in the afterglow of GRB 021211, our result suggests the possibility that the cause of the dark GRB is the intrinsic faintness of the optical afterglow. On the other hand, by considering the high column density observed in the afterglow of GRB 051022, the likely cause of the dark GRB is the dust extinction in the line of sight of the GRB.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Gas streaming and dynamical M/L in rotationally supported systems

Line-of-sight velocities of gas and stars can constrain dark matter (DM) within rotationally supported galaxies if they trace circular orbits extensively. Photometric asymmetries may signify non-circular motions, requiring spectra with dense spatial coverage. Our integral-field spectroscopy of 178 galaxies spanned the mass range of the SAMI Galaxy Survey. We derived circular speed curves (CSCs) of gas and stars from non-parametric Diskfit fits out to $r\sim2r_e$. For 12/14 with measured H I profiles, ionized gas and H I maximum velocities agreed. We fitted mass-follows-light models to 163 galaxies by approximating the radial starlight profile as nested, very flattened mass homeoids viewed as a S\'ersic form. Fitting broad-band SEDs to SDSS images gave median stellar mass/light 1.7 assuming a Kroupa IMF vs. 2.6 dynamically. Two-thirds of the dynamical mass/light measures were consistent with star+remnant IMFs. One-fifth required upscaled starlight to fit, hence comparable mass of unobserved baryons and/or DM distributed similarly across the SAMI aperture that came to dominate motions as the starlight CSC declined rapidly. The rest had mass distributed differently from starlight. Subtracting fits of S\'ersic profiles to 13 VIKING Z-band images revealed residual weak bars. Near the bar PA, we assessed m = 2 streaming velocities, and found deviations usually <30 km/s from the CSC; three showed no deviation. Thus, asymmetries rarely influenced our CSCs despite co-located shock-indicating, emission-line flux ratios in more than 2/3.
Fundamental properties and atmospheric structure of the red supergiant VY Canis Majoris based on VLTI/AMBER spectro-interferometry

Aims. We investigate the atmospheric structure and fundamental properties of the red supergiant VY CMa. Methods. We obtained near-infrared spectro-interferometric observations of VY CMa with spectral resolutions of 35 and 1500 using the AMBER instrument at the VLTI. Results. The visibility data indicate the presence of molecular laye rs of water vapor and CO in the extended atmosphere with an asymmetric morphology. The uniform disk diameter in the water band around 2. 0µm is increased by∼20% compared to the nearcontinuum bandpass at 2.20‐2. 25µm, and in the CO band at 2.3‐2. 5µm it is increased by up to∼50%. The closure phases indicate relatively small deviations from point symmetry close to the photospheric layer, and stronger deviations in the extended H2O and CO layers. Making use of the high spatial and spectral resolution, a near-continuum bandpass can be isolated from contamination by molecular and dusty layers, and the Rosseland-mean photospheric angular diameter is estimated to 11.3±0.3 mas based on a PHOENIX atmosphere model. Together with recent high-precision estimates of the distance and spectro-photometry, this estimate corresponds to a radius of 1420±120 R⊙ and an effective temperature of 3490±90 K. Conclusions. VY CMa exhibits asymmetric, possibly clumpy, atmospheric layers of H2O and CO, which are not co-spatial, within a larger elongated dusty envelope. Our revised fundamental parameters put VY CMa close to the Hayashi limit of recent evolutionary tracks of initial mass 25 M⊙ with rotation or 32 M⊙ without rotation, shortly before evolving blueward in the HR-diagram.
Seasonal residency of loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta tracked from the Gulf of Manfredonia, south Adriatic

A detailed knowledge of sea turtle distribution in relation to anthropogenic threats is key to inform conservation measures. We satellite tracked five loggerhead turtles incidentally caught in the Gulf of Manfredonia, where a high turtle occurrence and high bycatch levels have been recently reported. Turtles were tracked for a period ranging from 27 to 367 days, with a minimum travel distance ranging from 151 to 4,300 km. With the caution due to the small sample size, results suggest that: (i) the area may host residential loggerhead turtles at least in summer, while they probably move elsewhere in winter due to the low temperatures occurring in shallow waters, (ii) turtles may have very small home ranges in the area, (iii) turtle occurrence may be higher in shallow waters along the coast. Moreover (iv) one turtle showed remarkable fidelity to the same spot after seasonal migration and constant migration paths. If confirmed and further detailed, such movement patterns may guide effective conservation strategies to reduce the impact of bycatch in the area.
Higher-resolution biostratigraphy for the Kinta Limestone and an implication for continuous sedimentation in the Paleo-Tethys, Western Belt of Peninsular Malaysia

The paleogeography of the juxtaposed Southeast Asian terranes, derived from the northeastern margins of Gondwana during the Carboniferous to Triassic, resulted in complex basin evolution with massive carbonate deposition on the margins of the Paleo-Tethys. Due to the inherited structural and tectonothermal complexities, discovery of diagnostic microfossils from these carbonates has been problematic. This is particularly the case for the Kinta Limestone, a massive Paleozoic carbonate succession that covers most of the Kinta Valley in the central part of the Western Belt of Peninsular Malaysia. Owing to the complex structural and igneous events, as well as extensive diagenetic alterations, establishing precise age constraints for these carbonates has been challenging. Furthermore, the sedimentation history of these deposits has been masked. Three boreholes, totaling 360 m thickness of core, were drilled at either end of the Kinta Valley on a north-south transect through sections with minimal thermal alteration. The sections are composed chiefly of carbonaceous carbonate mudstone with shale and siltstones beds, in which the carbonates were sampled for microfossils. Five hundred conodont elements were extracted. Nine diagnostic conodont genera and 28 age diagnostic conodont species were identified. The identification of Pseudopolygnathus triangulus triangulus and Declinognathodus noduliferus noduliferus indicated that the successions ranged from Upper Devonian to upper Carboniferous. Further analysis and establishment of stage-level datum that range from the Famennian to Bashkirian (Late Carboniferous) enabled detection of continuous sedimentation and improved age constraints in undated sections of the Kinta Limestone. This higher-resolution conodont biostratigraphy suggests a prevalence of continuous carbonate deposition during the Early Devonian to Late Carboniferous in the Paleo-Tethys. Thus, the identification of diagnostic conodont species for the first time from subsurface data in the area has helped improve the biostratigraphic resolution and establishes depositional continuity of the Kinta Limestone. These data could provide clues to the Paleo-Tethys paleogeographic reconstruction and paleodepositional conditions, and could establish higher temporal resolution correlation than previously attempted.
Evidence of a non-conservative mass transfer for XTE J0929-314

Context. In 1998 the first accreting millisecond pulsar, SAX J1808.4-3658, was discovered and to date 18 systems showing coherent, high frequency (> 100 Hz) pulsations in low mass X-ray binaries are known. Since their discovery, this class of sources has shown interesting and sometimes puzzling behaviours. In particular, apart from a few exceptions, they are all transient with very long X-ray quiescent periods implying a quite low averaged mass accretion rate onto the neutron star. Among these sources, XTE J0929-314 has been detected in outburst just once in about 15 years of continuous monitoring of the X-ray sky. Aims. We aim to demonstrate that a conservative mass transfer in this system will result in an X-ray luminosity that is higher than the observed, long-term averaged X-ray luminosity. Methods. Under the hypothesis of a conservative mass transfer driven by gravitational radiation, as expected for this system given the short orbital period of about 43.6 min and the low mass of the companion implied by the mass function derived from timing techniques, we calculate the expected mass transfer rate in this system and predict the long-term averaged X-ray luminosity. This is compared with the averaged, over 15 years, X-ray flux observed from the system, and a lower limit of the distance to the source is inferred. Results. This distance is shown to be > 7.4 kpc in the direction of the Galactic anticentre, implying a large height, > 1.8 kpc, of the source with respect to the Galactic plane, placing the source in an empty region of the Galaxy. We suggest that the inferred value of the distance is unlikely. (abridged)
$M$-fuzzifying interval spaces

In this paper, we introduce the notion of $M$-fuzzifying interval spaces, and discuss the relationship between $M$-fuzzifying interval spaces and $M$-fuzzifying convex structures.It is proved that the category {bf MYCSA2} can be embedded in the category {bf MYIS} as a reflective subcategory, where {bf MYCSA2} and {bf MYIS} denote the category of $M$-fuzzifying convex structures of $M$-fuzzifying arity $leq 2$ and the category of $M$-fuzzifying interval spaces, respectively. Under the framework of $M$-fuzzifying interval spaces, subspaces and product spaces are presented and some of their fundamental properties are obtained.