Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Medical Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10% to 20% of all strokes, with higher incidence rates among African and Asian populations. The major risk factors are hypertension and age. In addition to focal neurologic findings, patients frequently present with symptoms of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). The diagnosis of ICH can only be made through neuroimaging. A computed tomography scan is presently standard, although magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly important in the evaluation of acute cerebrovascular disease. A significant number of intracerebral hematomas expand in the first hours after ictus. Clinical and experimental evidence demonstrates that the perihematomal region is compromised in ICH. This tissue is edematous, although the precise pathogenesis is controversial. It is unknown whether elevated arterial pressure contributes to hematoma enlargement or edema formation. Only a trial of antihypertensive therapy in acute ICH can answer this important question. ICH is associated with a high early mortality rate, although a significant number of survivors make a functional recovery. Medical management is aimed at controlling elevated ICP and prevention of complications, including pneumonia and peripheral venous thromboembolism. To date, investigations of surgical intervention have been inconclusive, although technical improvements warrant further trials. Aggressive treatment of hypertension is the most important primary and secondary preventive measure.
DCVax®-Brain and DC vaccines in the treatment of GBM

Background: DCVax®-Brain (Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA) is a personalized treatment for brain tumors. Its approach of administering autologous tumor antigen-bearing dendritic cells (DCs) has garnered hope for more effective and less toxic therapy for patients with malignant brain tumors including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). DCVax-Brain composition and efficacy are not fully disclosed, although sponsors claim it is poised to critically test clinical DC vaccine efficacy in GBM patients. Objective: This review examines the efficacy of DC vaccine therapy in treating GBM patients. Review question: To determine if the approach of DC vaccination followed by DCVax-Brain shows ample clinical promise in GBM patients. Search strategy: All published reports of DC vaccination for GBM and press releases regarding DCVax-Brain findings were evaluated. Critical appraisal of reports and summary of outcomes: Published DC vaccine trials for high-grade glioma patients suggest favorable clinical outcomes not easily ascribed to non-treatment parameters. Evidence of possible selection bias exists in many reports, but efforts to account for this are evident in the most recent publications. Conclusion: DC vaccine trials provide evidence of low toxicity in GBM patients and effective induction of antitumor immunity in the latest publications correlate with clinical improvements. Preliminary reports on DCVax-Brain clinical outcomes seem to follow these trends.
Stages of Change training for opportunistic smoking intervention by the primary health care team. Part I : randomised controlled trial of the effect of training on patient smoking outcomes and health professional behaviour as recalled by patients

The Stages of Change approach to smoking cessation intervention is increasingly advocated in primary care, and training in the approach is readily available. However, there has been little formal evaluation of the effectiveness of such training. A one-day Stages of Change training for primary health care teams was evaluated using both quantitative analysis of patient outcomes in a randomised controlled trial, and qualitative analysis of interviews with workshop partici pants. This paper reports the quantitative findings. Patients in the intervention group were more likely than controls to recall smoking having been mentioned in a consultation, but there were no significant effects of the intervention on patient smoking outcomes fourteen months after the workshops.
The risk factor of false‐negative and false‐positive for T‐SPOT.TB in active tuberculosis

T‐SPOT.TB is a promising diagnosis tool to identify both pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, as well as latent tuberculosis; however, the factors that affect the results of T‐SPOT.TB remains unclear. In this study, we aim to figure out the risk factor of T‐SPOT.TB for active TB.
Correlation effects and phonon modes softening with doping in Ba1−xKxBiO3

The monoclinic crystal structure of the undoped BaBiO3 can be described as a cubic perovskite which is distorted by the frozen breathing and tilting phonon modes of the BiO6 octahedra. The phonon mode softening is experimentally observed (Braden et al 1996 Europhys. Lett. 34 531) in Ba1−xKxBiO3 through potassium doping followed by a transition into an ideal cubic perovskite structure at x = 0.37, close to the emergence of superconductivity. In our previous paper (Korotin et al 2012 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 24 415603) we demonstrated that it is necessary to take into account correlation effects using the DFT+U method in Wannier functions as a basis to obtain a good agreement between the calculated and experimental values of crystal structure distortion and the energy gap in BaBiO3. In the present work, using the same method, we calculated the breathing mode phonon frequencies as a function of the potassium doping level in Ba1−xKxBiO3. The obtained frequencies are in good agreement with experimental values and the breathing mode softening with doping is reproduced, contrary to calculations made without consideration of correlation effects. We show that the cubic crystal structure becomes stable at x = 0.30 in agreement with the experimental transition to cubic perovskite at x = 0.37. The possible connections between the correlation effects, phonon mode softening and superconductivity in Ba1−xKxBiO3 are discussed.
Adverse drug reactions in athletes

Athletes may take illicit substances to aid performance, make weight or mask previous substance abuse. Drugs involved include clenbuterol, stanozolol and other anabolic steroids; diuretics; stimulants such as ephedrine and caffeine; and other herbal remedies and stimulants. It involves all sports and all age groups.
Hemolysis and IgA‐antibodies against tissue transglutaminase: When are antibody test results no longer reliable?

Antibodies against tissue transglutaminase (TTG) of isotype IgA (IgA‐aTTG) represent reliable diagnostic markers to confirm or exclude celiac disease (CD). Hemolysis (HL) is an important pre‐analytical factor. HL can be quantified as HL index (HI) correlating with the concentration of free hemoglobin. TTG is abundant in erythrocytes and released upon HL. In immunoassays, the released TTG may interfere with binding of IgA‐aTTG to the coated TTG.
Maxillary Sinus Septa and Anatomic Correlation With the Schneiderian Membrane

AbstractAim of this investigation is to evaluate prevalence, localization, and height of 114 maxillary sinus septa by using cone-beam computed tomography scans. The thickness of the mucosa has been measured together with the variations of the membrane in relation to those septa.A total of 228 maxillary sinuses have been considered. Septa were identified using “panorex” reconstructions and axial scans of cone-beam computed tomography using the software “eXamVision. ” The thickness of the mucosa has been evaluated in the paraxial scans and related to those septa where they were present.In the current study, the prevalence of sinus septa is 38.1%. Significant difference can be found in the height of primary and secondary septa. The mean height of primary septa was 5.5 mm (±1.19) and of secondary septa 3.4 mm (±1.6). Anterior and medium septa resulted significantly higher than posterior septa (P = 0.003). The medium thickness of the mucosa was 0.85 mm (±0.58), whereas close to the septa it turned out to be 1.8 mm (±1.87). The difference is statistically relevant (P = 0.003). There is no statistically significant proportional relation between dimensions of septa and thickness of mucosa (P = 0.53). Underwood septa are frequent anatomic variations of the maxillary sinus. Their presence may result in a thickening of the sinus membrane. The systematic study of radiographic anatomy of maxillary sinus is necessary before the sinus lift surgery planning.
Equation of state of zircon- and scheelite-type dysprosium orthovanadates: a combined experimental and theoretical study

Dysprosium orthovanadate, DyVO4, belongs to a family of zircon-type orthovanadates showing a phase transition to scheelite-type structures at moderate pressures below 10 GPa. In the present study, the equations of state (EOSs) for both these phases were determined for the first time using high-pressure x-ray diffraction experiments and ab initio calculations based on the density functional theory. Structural parameters for scheelite-type DyVO4 were calculated from x-ray powder diffraction data as well. The high-pressure experiments were performed under pseudo-hydrostatic conditions at pressures up to 8.44 GPa and 5.5 GPa for the stable zircon-type and metastable (quenched) scheelite-type samples, respectively. Assuming as a compression model the Birch–Murnaghan EOS, we obtained the EOS parameters for both phases. The experimental bulk moduli (K0) for zircon-type and scheelite-type DyVO4 are 118(4) GPa and 153(6) GPa, respectively. Theoretical equations of state were determined by ab initio calculations using the PBE exchange–correlation energy functional of Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof. These calculations provide K0 values of 126.1 GPa and 142.9 GPa for zircon-type and scheelite-type DyVO4, respectively. The reliability of the present experimental and theoretical results is supported by (i) the consistency between the values yielded by the two methods (the discrepancy in K0 is as low as about 7% for each of the studied polymorphs) and (ii) their similarity to results obtained under similar compression conditions (hydrostatic or pseudo-hydrostatic) for other rare-earth orthovanadates, such as YVO4 and TbVO4.
Exercise Prescription for the Prevention and Management of Hypertension

Regular physical activity is known to reduce blood pressure in 75% of individuals with hypertension and is a key component of lifestyle therapy for the prevention and management of hypertension. However, the frequency, intensity, duration, and mode of activity play a role in the magnitude and duration of blood pressure reduction. Aerobic activity is the preferred type of activity to lower blood pressure. Acute, moderate-intensity aerobic activity (40%-60% VO2max ) can decrease blood pressure by 5 to 7 mm Hg for up to 22 hours postexercise, so participation in aerobic activity is recommended on most, if not all, days of the week. The recommended duration for aerobic activity is 30 to 60 minutes of continuous or intermittent activity. Resistance activity results in a 3-mm Hg decrease in blood pressure and should supplement the aerobic activity. Low- to moderate-intensity resistance training (30%-40% of a 1—repetition maximum [1RM] for upper body exercises and 50%-60% 1RM for lower body exercises) is recommended 2 to 3 d/wk. The volume of resistance training for blood pressure reduction is 1 to 3 sets of 10 to 15 repetitions for 8 to 10 exercises that target large muscle groups (thighs, hips, back, chest, arms, and abdominals). When prescribing physical activity for the prevention or management of hypertension, it is important to know that certain populations respond differently to activity and that certain medications can inhibit physical performance.
Oral health related quality of life in Indonesian middle-aged and elderly women

Background: To assess oral health-related quality of life in Indonesian middle-aged and elderly women. Middle–aged women between 45-59 years old were included in this study, because this stage of life is important to prepare them entering the old age. Prevention could be done earlier in order to achieve optimum quality of life for the elderly. The purpose of writing this paper is to inform the policy maker to develop a framework in oral health prevention. Method: Cross-sectional study was done at East Bekasi district, West Java on 236 women 45-82 years of age. Measurement of health related quality of life was performed using the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) questionnaire. This questionnaire has already been translated to Indonesian language and has already been validated. Result: About 86.4% of subjects had a good oral health-related quality of life. Number of missing teeth and oral health-related quality of life have a weak correlation (correlation coeffi cient= -0.133, P = 0.041). Conclusion: Oral health-related quality of life did not depend on the number of missing teeth. These fi ndings may have implication for promoting education to middle-aged and elderly women in Indonesia about the importance of oral health.This policy frame work will be recommended to be implemented in hospitals, clinics, community care and institutional care. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:62-5) Keywords: chewimg difficulties, number of missing teeth, tooth ache
Attitudes toward Organ Donation among Elderly Adults

Abstract This investigation sought to explore the contributory factors that impact the attitudes and beliefs of elderly people toward organ donation. Two studies were conducted to assess elderly people's attitudes toward common myths and misconceptions about donation, as well as attitudes toward ethical practices involved with donation. The effects of a brief informational DVD containing narrative and statistical messages designed to educate and dispel myths about organ donation were examined. Participants included 33 elderly people from two senior residences in the Northeast. Data were compared to extant data already existing on college students in order to gain new insight into the impact of accurate, positive messages on attitudes about donation and the likelihood of becoming an organ donor. Higher donor registration rates were observed in the elderly in this sample (63.16%) compared to college students (17.85%). Relationships were found between age and being currently registered as a donor, willingness to be a living organ donor to a family member, and willingness to be a living organ donor to a close friend. Elderly people had more established attitudes toward ethical practices involved with donation; however, their attitudes toward human rights issues associated with these practices generally changed as a result of viewing a brief informational DVD. Findings are discussed in terms of increasing the rate of organ donation across the lifespan.
Perception about working in rural area after graduation and associated factors: a study among final year medical students in medical schools of southeast Nigeria.

Aims: Aim of study was to determine the perception of rural medical practice among final year medical students in medical schools of southeast Nigeria and the associated factors. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Original Research Article Ossai et al.; BJMMR, 8(2): 192-205, 2015; Article no.BJMMR. 2015.439 193 Place and Duration of Study: The six medical schools in southeast Nigeria, between March and May 2014. Methodology: All the final year medical students in southeast Nigeria were recruited and were eligible for voluntary participation in the study. The students were interviewed using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done using STATA statistical software; version 13 and level of significance was determined at a p value of less than 0.05. Results: Four hundred and fifty seven medical students participated in the study representing a response rate of 86.7%. The mean age of the students was 25.5±2.9 years and majority (57.1%) were male. A minor proportion of the students (13.6%) were willing to practice in the rural area after graduation. Majority of the students (80.1%) were of the opinion that doctors working in rural area should earn more than their urban counterparts. Factors associated with willingness to practice in rural area included family residence in an urban area (AOR= 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2 – 0.9); work experience before admission into medical school (AOR= 2.0, 95% CI: 1.13.9); intention to specialize in Community Medicine (AOR= 3.1 95% CI: 1.27.7) and satisfaction with rural community posting, (AOR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.23.9). Conclusion: Majority of the students were unwilling to work in rural area after graduation. Knowing the need for doctors in rural practice, a re-orientation of the students on rural practice through adequate community exposure during rural posting is essential. There is also need for increased allowances for doctors working in rural areas and opportunities for training and or further studies should be encouraged.
Should psoriasis be considered a risk factor for hypogonadism in male patients? A monocentric, prospective, observational pilot study

process reaching the subcutaneous tissue, perivascular and interstitial inflammatory infiltrate and exocytosis of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, compatible with a furunculosis diagnosis. Flucloxacillin (iv) was started and after 10 days, all lesions had resolved. The patient completed 14 days of treatment, but 3 days after antibiotic discontinuation a new inflammatory axillary lesion recurred. Oral flucloxacillin was reintroduced and maintained for 21 days. Additionally, eradication of MSSA with chlorhexidine baths and nasal mupirocin was performed. The SA nasal screening of cohabitants living in Portugal was negative. No relapses or new skin lesions have been observed; neither in the patient nor in his family during a 6-month period of follow-up. SA-related infections in travellers returning from Africa support a globally heterogeneous distribution of virulent strains. While African SA strains are positive for PVL in 17–74%, Europe PVL-positive SA are isolated in <2%. PVL has been associated with severe follicular infections, higher rate of hospitalizations, recurrent infections and antimicrobial multi-resistance. In addition, it appears to be related with highly transmissible strains of SA in the community. This supports empiric nasal decolonization therapy for secondary prevention of recurrent post-travel skin infections. It is not clear why travellers to foreign countries, namely Africa, may be at risk of acquiring PVL-associated staphylococcal infections. Probably they are exposed to new strains of SA to which they may have little or low natural immunity. Given the population mobility between Europe and Africa, awareness to rapidly emerging PVL-positive SA infections is of utmost importance. The high amount of multi-resistant-PVLpositive MSSA among imported SA may herald the evolution of multi-resistant MSSA and MRSA lineages in the community. Hence, surveillance and control should not only focus on methicillin-resistant lineages, but also reflect on PVL-positivity and antibiotic resistance in MSSA. Furthermore, special emphasis should be laid on studies of the European epidemiology of PVL-SA and in the disease burden caused by this pathogen. J. Vide,* M. Costa-Silva, J. Sobrinho-Sim~ oes, F. Ceia, A. Pinto, A.C. Carvalho, A. Sarmento, C. Lisboa, F. Azevedo Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar de S~ ao Jo~ao EPE, Porto, Portugal, Laborat orio de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro Hospitalar de S~ao Jo~ ao, Porto, Portugal, Department of Infectious Diseases, Centro Hospitalar de S~ ao Jo~ ao EPE, Porto, Portugal, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal *Correspondence: J. Vide. E-mail: juliavide@gmail.com
Do positive psychology exercises work? A replication of Seligman et al. (2005).

OBJECTIVES The current work replicated a landmark study conducted by Seligman and colleagues (2005) that demonstrated the long-term benefits of positive psychology exercises (PPEs). In the original study, two exercises administered over 1 week ("Three Good Things" and "Using your Signature Strengths in a New Way") were found to have long-lasting effects on depression and happiness (Seligman, Steen, Park, & Peterson, 2005). DESIGN These exercises were tested here using the same methodology except for improvements to the control condition, and the addition of a second "positive placebo" to isolate the common factor of accessing positive, self-relevant constructs. This component control design was meant to assess the effect of expectancies for success (expectancy control), as well the cognitive access of positive information about the self (positive placebo). RESULTS Repeated measures analyses showed that the PPEs led to lasting increases in happiness, as did the positive placebo. The PPEs did not exceed the control condition in producing changes in depression over time. CONCLUSIONS Brief, positive psychology interventions may boost happiness through a common factor involving the activation of positive, self-relevant information rather than through other specific mechanisms. Finally, the effects of PPEs on depression may be more modest than previously assumed.
Comparative Analysis Between Computed and Conventional Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Techniques

Objective:The aim of this randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was to compare the computed and conventional inferior alveolar nerve block techniques in symmetrically positioned inferior third molars. Patients and Methods:Both computed and conventional anesthetic techniques were performed in 29 healthy patients (58 surgeries) aged between 18 and 40 years. The anesthetic of choice was 2% lidocaine with 1: 200,000 epinephrine. The Visual Analogue Scale assessed the pain variable after anesthetic infiltration. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using the Likert Scale. Heart and respiratory rates, mean time to perform technique, and the need for additional anesthesia were also evaluated. Results:Pain variable means were higher for the conventional technique as compared with computed, 3.45 ± 2.73 and 2.86 ± 1.96, respectively, but no statistically significant differences were found (P > 0.05). Patient satisfaction showed no statistically significant differences. The average computed technique runtime and the conventional were 3.85 and 1.61 minutes, respectively, showing statistically significant differences (P <0.001). Conclusions:The computed anesthetic technique showed lower mean pain perception, but did not show statistically significant differences when contrasted to the conventional technique.
Specificity of effects of cognitive behavior therapy on coping, acceptance, and distress tolerance in a randomized controlled trial for smoking cessation.

OBJECTIVE Although there is extensive evidence of the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), it is less certain what potential mechanisms of change are specifically affected by CBT interventions. This study was intended to test the specific effects of CBT on compensatory coping skills, acceptance, and distress tolerance or persistence. METHOD Using data from a randomized controlled trial of 8-session group CBT and a time-matched comparison condition for cigarette smokers, we evaluated CBT effects on compensatory coping skills, self-rated acceptance and behavioral markers of persistence and distress tolerance. Because depression proneness had moderated treatment response in the parent clinical trial (Kapson & Haaga, 2010), we tested not only main effects (CBT vs. comparison condition) but also moderated effects (treatment condition X depression proneness). RESULTS CBT significantly improved compensatory coping skills only among the less depression-prone participants, who were the subset of smokers who did not benefit from CBT in terms of smoking cessation outcomes. There were no specific effects of CBT on acceptance or behavioral persistence. CONCLUSIONS To the extent that CBT had specific effects on compensatory coping skills, it was for the participants who did not benefit clinically from the intervention. Much more theory-driven research on multiple candidate change mechanisms is needed to clarify how effective and specific treatments have their effects, for either patients in general or subsets of patients as in moderated effects.