Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of PANI/Ni and PANI/Au/Ni Composites

iii Acknowledgements . v List of Tables . ix List of Figures . x Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Motivation . 1 1.2 Background, Synthesis, and Applications for PANI . 2 1.3 PANI and the Incorporation of Secondary Components . 4 1.3. 1 PANI/Noble Metal Composites vs PANI/Transition Metal Composites . 7 1.4 PANI/Bimetallic Composites. 8 1.5 Organization of Thesis . 9 Chapter 2. Experimental Methods . 11 2.1 Synthesis of Metal Precursors . 11 2.1.1 Chemicals and Solutions . 11 2.1.2 Bis(dimethylammonium) Hexachlorotitanate, [(CH3)2NH2]2·TiCl6 . 12 2.1.3 Bis(dimethylammonium) Tetrachloronickelate, [(CH3)2NH2]2·NiCl4 . 13 2.1.4 Bis(dimethylammonium) Tetrachlorogallinate, [(CH3)2NH2]·GaCl4 . 15 2.2 Instrumental Analysis . 16 2.2.1 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) . 16 2.2.2 UV/Vis Spectroscopy Analysis. 17 2.2. 3 Powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Analyses . 18 2.2. 4. Electrochemical Apparatus and Conditions . 20 2.2. 5 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). 20 Chapter 3. Characterization and Electrochemical Analysis of PANI/Ni Composites . 22 3.
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW APPROACH FOR HIGH- QUALITY QUADRUPLING FREQUENCY OPTICAL MILLIMETER-WAVE SIGNAL GENERATION WITHOUT OPTICAL FILTER

In this paper, we propose a new approach to generate quadrupling-frequency optical millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal with carrier suppression by using two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) in Radio-over-flber (RoF) system. Among the numerous properties of this approach, the most important is that a fllterless optical mm-wave at 60GHz with an optical sideband suppression ratio (OSSR) as high as 40dB can be obtained when the extinction ratio of the MZM is 25dB. Simplicity and cost-efiectiveness have made this approach a compelling candidate for future wave-division-multiplexing RoF systems. Theoretical analysis is conducted to suppress the undesired optical sidebands for the high-quality generation of frequency quadrupling mm-wave signal. The simulation results show that a 60GHz mm-wave is generated from a 15GHz radio frequency (RF) oscillator with an OSSR as high as 40dB and an radio frequency spurious suppression ratio (RFSSR) exceeding 35dB without any optical or electrical fllter when the extinction ratio of the MZM is 25dB. Furthermore, the efiect of the non-ideal RF-driven voltage as well as the phase difierence of RF-driven signals applied to the two MZMs on OSSR and RFSSR is discussed and analyzed. Finally, we
Optical characterization of concentrated dispersions: applications to laboratory analyses and on‐line process monitoring and control

Light scattering methods are often used to study the stability of suspensions or emulsions and to estimate the dispersed phase properties such as particle size and volume fraction. However, such optical methods often require a previous dilution of the dispersion because of a limited measurement range, and are then unable to give information about the real physical state of dense heterogeneous media. A new technology based on multiple light scattering analysis and called Turbiscan has been recently developed by a French company, Formulaction, to fill this gap and to characterize both diluted and concentrated dispersions. In the first part, we review the physical concepts of multiple light scattering by dispersions. In relation to the optical analyser Turbiscan, we present physical and statistical models for the radiative transfer in dense suspensions. In the second part, we investigate the influence of particle volume fraction and particle size (polystyrene latex bead suspensions) on the backscattered and transmitted light fluxes measured by Turbiscan. The experimental data are compared with results from the physical models. In the last section, we use the optical analyser Turbiscan Lab to detect and characterize various concentrated dispersions destabilization (coalescence, flocculation, creaming and sedimentation), and then the Turbiscan On Line to monitor and characterize an emulsification process under ultrasonic agitation. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Historical climate change and ocean turbulence as selective agents for two key phytoplankton functional groups

Using a classical physiological model based on nutrient uptake kinetics, we explored the effect of turbulence on resource competition and succession between 2 phytoplankton functional groups on ecological and geological time scales. The 2 groups we considered are silica-precipitating diatoms and carbonate-precipitating coccolithophorids. Using published experimental laboratory data for parameterization, our model results suggest that diatoms dominate under highly turbulent regimes, while coccolithophorids tend to dominate under stable, nutrient-depleted conditions. We attribute the success of diatoms in highly dynamic systems to luxury uptake of nutrients afforded by the evolution of storage vacuoles. In contrast, coccolithophorids are more successful in resource- depleted waters, due to their lower minimum limiting-nutrient requirement (R*). We examine how these differences in nutrient acquisition strategy potentially explain the long-term trends in the fortunes of these 2 taxa on geological time scales. The fossil record indicates that coccolithophorids rose to ecological prominence in the mid-Jurassic and reached an apex in the mid-Cretaceous, but have declined throughout the Cenozoic. In contrast, diatoms have risen rapidly in the late Cenozoic, especially from early-Miocene time to the present. Based on paleoclimate reconstructions, from Mesozoic times, we hypothesize that the relative success of the 2 functional groups reflects, in part, long-term changes in upper ocean turbulence and its influence on the temporal distribution of nutrients.
The Long-Term Effect of Selective Written Grammar Feedback on EFL Learners' Acquisition of Articles

The long-term efficacy of written grammar feedback (WGF) has escaped rigorous empirical investigation, partly due to its strong intuitive appeal. The few studies that have investigated the long-term effect of grammar correction have failed to find any positive long-term effects for WGF (Truscott, 2007). Nevertheless, a number of recent studies have reported a positive effect for WGF. The present study investigated the longterm effect of selective grammar feedback on a reasonably complex feature of the English grammar, attempting to shed some light on the factors that may explain the conflicting results of previous studies. A group of low intermediate EFL learners (N = 22) participated in this study. They received WGF on the use of articles and a limited number of various other grammatical categories. The results showed that selective WGF can produce large short-term gains for functionally complex grammatical features, but that it may prove to be detrimental in the long run. The study also found that learners tend to avoid the grammatical feature on which they have received corrective feedback. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Bacterial populations concomitant with Sclerotium rolfsii sclerotia in flooded soil, as estimated by 16S rRNA gene, PCR-DGGE and sequence analyses

Objective : The bacterial communities concomitant with sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii , the causal agent of soybean stem rot, were examined by using PCR-DGGE. Methodology and results : Fungal sclerotia were buried in soil amended with organic matter and incubated under flooded conditions for 15 or 30 days in a greenhouse and in the field. The recovered sclerotia were examined for their viability and their concomitant bacterial communities. The DGGE band patterns showed the largest bacterial diversity in samples from soil amended with rice straw or wheat bran and flooded for 30 days. In the greenhouse for instance, the diversity index from organic amendment under 30 day flooding was higher than 1.80, while for other treatments the index was less than 1.5. This trend was similar in the field experiment. There was a negative relationship between the diversity index from DGGE band patterns and sclerotial viability or disease incidence. Examination of the nucleotide sequences of the DGGE bands revealed that members of Clostridiaceae were dominant in the samples flooded for 30 days, whereas Oxalobacteraceae, Nocardiaceae, and Actinomycetaceae were major groups under unflooded conditions. Conclusion : This is the first report of the soil bacterial flora concomitant with sclerotia of S. rolfsii under flooded conditions. Keywords : bacterial community, diversity, PCR-DGGE, Sclerotium rolfsii , sequencing, soybean
An integrated perspective of TOE framework and innovation diffusion in broadband mobile applications adoption by enterprises

This study aimed at exploring the critical factors for enterprises to adopt broadband mobile applications. The results are expected to guide enterprises to strengthen their competitiveness. Further, since the broadband mobile applications were integrated with many characteristics of information communication technologies, this study combined the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework and Diffusion of Innovation Theory in an effort to establish a comprehensive view and to increase the level of understanding. The Structural Equation Modeling and AMOS were applied for analysis; which discovered that the adoption of broadband mobile applications by enterprises is significantly affected by technological, organizational and environmental contexts. This paper also identified eleven critical factors from technological, organizational and environmental aspects, as well as two vital control variables. Based on the research outcome, this paper conducted an in-depth discussion and drew conclusions. Finally, the research implications were provided.
Trumpism: How agenda setting in the media drove a movement

This study will look at agenda setting in the media and how it aided in the spread of Trumpism. Broadcasts of the three major cable news networks were looked at. The constructed-week method was used to produce a sample of 36 shows that represent 12 days during the selected time frame. A descriptive qualitative content analysis was then used to examine the coverage relating to the main themes of the Trump campaign: immigration, terrorism, crime, economic insecurity, and populism. A survey was then conducted to show how the themes found affected voter behavior. The study found that the amount of coverage signaled to the public that Trump was the most important candidate, and the theme of establishment versus anti-establishment painted Trump as the anti-establishment candidate who was battling the powers that be within the Republican Party.
Bioconvection under uniform shear: linear stability analysis

Abstract The role of uniform shear in bioconvective instability in a shallow suspension of swimming gyrotactic cells is studied using linear stability analysis. The shear is introduced by applying a plane Couette flow, and it significantly disturbs gravitaxis of the cell. The unstably stratified basic state of the cell concentration is gradually relieved as the shear rate is increased, and it even becomes stably stratified at very large shear rates. Stability of the basic state is significantly changed. The instability at high wavenumbers is drastically damped out with the shear rate, while that at low wavenumbers is destabilized. However, at very large shear rates, the latter is also suppressed. The most unstable mode is found as a pair of streamwise uniform rolls aligned with the shear, analogous to Rayleigh–Bénard convection in plane Couette flow. To understand these findings, the physical mechanism of the bioconvective instability is reexamined with several sets of numerical experiments. It is shown that the bioconvective instability in a shallow suspension originates from three different physical processes: gravitational overturning, gyrotaxis of the cell and negative cross-diffusion flux. The first mechanism is found to rule the behaviour of low-wavenumber instability whereas the last two mechanisms are mainly associated with high-wavenumber instability. With the increase of the shear rate, the former is enhanced, thereby leading to destabilization at low wavenumbers, whereas the latter two mechanisms are significantly suppressed. For streamwise varying perturbations, shear with sufficiently large rates is also found to play a stabilizing role as in Rayleigh–Bénard convection. However, at small shear rates, it destabilizes these perturbations through the mechanism of overstability discussed by Hill, Pedley and Kessler (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 208, 1989, pp. 509–543). Finally, the present findings are compared with a recent experiment by Croze, Ashraf and Bees (Phys. Biol., vol. 7, 2010, 046001) and they are in qualitative agreement.
Occurrence of parasitic protozoa in wild waterfowl in southern coastal Caspian sea lagoons

BACKGROUND: Protozoa are common in poultry and otherbirds and can cause mild to severe disease. OBJECTIVES: Thisstudy was concerned with the prevalence of parasitic protozoa inwild waterfowl in Caspian sea lagoons in the North of Iran.METHODS:Atotal of 293 waterfowl belonging to various generaincluding Tadorna tadorna (common shelduck),Aythya fuligula(Tufted duck), Aythya ferina (Common puchard), Spatulaclypeata (Shoveler), Anser anser (greylag goose), CygnusCygnus (Whooper Swan), Anas strepera (Gadwall), AnasPenelope (Eurasian Widgeon), Anas crecca (common teal), andAnas platyrhynchos (mallard) were sampled and tested forintestinal, tracheal, and blood protozoa between winter 2010 andspring 2011. RESULTS: The results showed that 184 birds of 293(62.8%) harbored protozoan parasites. The highest prevalence ofprotozoan contamination belonged to Giardia spp (24.2%) andthe lowest belonged to Haemoproteus spp. (6.1%). Thricomunasgallinea, Plasmodium spp. , and Cryptosporidium spp. werefound in 7.2%, 8.2%, and 17% of waterfowl, respectively.Moreover, statistical analyses showed that the highest rate ofgiardiosis was in female Aythya fuligula (43.75%). However,tricomuniasis belonged to Anas crecca (30.5%). On the otherhand, female Cygnus cygnus had the highest rate ofcryptosporidiosis (44.7%), and more infection to Haemoproteusand Plasmodium spp. were observed in Anas platyrhynchos,concurrently. CONCLUSIONS: Migration of various species ofwaterfowl toward the northern parts of Iran has an importantimpact on parasitic diseases in birds and human in these regions.
The Sun in Hidden Photons

We present some aspects and first results of the emission of sub-eV mass hidden photons from the Sun. The contribution from a resonant region below the photosphere can be quite significant, raising previous estimates. This is relevant for the Telescope for Hidden Photon Search, TSHIPS I, currently targeting at meV-mass hidden photons with O(10^-6) kinetic mixing with the photon. These particles could account for the large effective number of neutrinos pointed at by the cosmic microwave background and other large-scale structure probes, and are motivated in some scenarios of string theory.
Effect of Environmental Conditions in Poultry Houses on the Performance of Laying Hens

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of environmental factors (ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, dust, temperature, relative humidity) on egg production feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. Lohman layers (n = 288, 24 wks of age) were blocked according to the location of cages. In the analysis made, it was observed that air of poultry house and productive performance were significantly affected from seasonal changes. In winter and spring months, the amount of feed consumed per kg egg production was found higher in terms of summer and autumn months. In addition, there was a negative and significant correlation between carbon dioxide and relative humidity and egg production. Also, in case of the existence of the increase in gases of poultry houses, it was determined that feed conversion ratio becomes worse.
Inter-population differences in otolith morphology are genetically encoded in the killifish Aphanius fasciatus (Cyprinodontiformes)

Inter-population differences in otolith shape, morphology and chemistry have been used effectively as indicators for stock assessment or for recognizing environmental adaptation in fishes. However, the precise parameters that affect otolith morphology remain incompletely understood. Here we provide the first direct support for the hypothesis that inter-population differences in otolith morphology are genetically encoded. The study is based on otolith morphology and two mitochondrial markers (D-loop, 16S rRNA) of three natural populations of Aphanius fasciatus (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) from Southeast Tunisia. Otolith and genetic data yielded congruent tree topologies. Divergence of populations likely results from isolation events in the course of the Pleistocene sea level drops. We propose that otolith morphology is a valuable tool for resolving genetic diversity also within other teleost species, which may be important for ecosystem management and conservation of genetic diversity. As reconstructions of ancient teleost fish faunas are often solely based on fossil otoliths, our discoveries may also lead to a new approach to research in palaeontology.
THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS ON FINANCIAL REPORTING TRANSPARENCY

How to cite this paper: Kohansal, S. , Rostami, S. and Rostami, Z. (2017). The Impact Of Corporate Governance Mechanisms On Financial Reporting Transparency. Corporate Ownership & Control, 14(3), 25-33. http://dx.doi. org/10.22495/cocv14i3art3 Copyright © 2017 by Virtus Interpress
Biogeosciences Free atmospheric CO 2 enrichment increased above ground biomass but did not affect symbiotic N 2-fixation and soil carbon dynamics in a mixed deciduous stand in Wales

Through increases in net primary production (NPP), elevated CO 2 is hypothesized to increase the amount of plant litter entering the soil. The fate of this extra carbon on the forest floor or in mineral soil is currently not clear. Moreover, increased rates of NPP can be maintained only if forests can escape nitrogen limitation. In a Free atmospheric CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment near Bangor, Wales, 4 ambient and 4 elevated [CO 2] plots were planted with patches ofBetula pendula , Alnus glutinosaandFagus sylvaticaon a former arable field. After 4 years, biomass averaged for the 3 species was 5497 (se 270) g m −2 in ambient and 6450 (se 130) g m −2 in elevated [CO2] plots, a significant increase of 17% ( P = 0.018). During that time, only a shallow L forest floor litter layer had formed due to intensive bioturbation. Total soil C and N contents increased irrespective of treatment and species as a result of afforestation. We could not detect an additional C sink in the soil, nor were soil C stabilization processes affected by elevated [CO 2]. We observed a decrease of leaf N content in BetulaandAlnusunder elevated [CO2], while the soil C/N ratio decreased regardless of CO2 treatment. The ratio of N taken up from the soil and by N2-fixation in Alnuswas not affected by elevated [CO 2]. We infer that increased nitrogen use efficiency is the mechanism by which increased NPP is sustained under elevated [CO2] at this site. Correspondence to: M. R. Hoosbeek (marcel.hoosbeek@wur.nl)
Effect of dried distillers’ grains from wheat on diet digestibility and performance of feedlot cattle

In a 55-d backgrounding period, 120 (n = 22) British cross heifers (312 ± 20 kg) received diets containing 55% barley silage, 5% supplement and 0 (n = 24), 20 (n = 24), or 40% (n = 22) wheat distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The remainder of the diet was steam-rolled barley. Replacing half (20%) or all (40%) of the barley with DDGS did not affect dry matter intake (DMI) (P = 0.61), average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.86), or gain:feed (P = 0.94), indicating the energy content of DDGS is similar to that of barley when included in backgrounding diets. During a 133-d finishing period, DDGS were included at 0, 20, 40, or 60% of diet dry matter (DM) or at 60% plus additional calcium, provided as 1% limestone (n = 24). Additional calcium did not (P > 0.1) affect DMI, ADG, or gain:feed. Increasing levels of DDGS linearly increased (P = 0.001) DMI and reduced (P = 0.04) gain:feed and diet NEg content (P = 0.001), but had no effect on ADG (P = 0.20). Feeding 60% DDGS reduced (P < 0.01) DM digestibility as.
Intellectual Capital, Innovation and Performance: a Systematic Review of the Literature

This article provides a systematic review of the literature on the complex relationships between intellectual capital, innovation and performance. Although these concepts are clearly intertwined, there has been so far and to the best of our knowledge, no attempt to systematically review and integrate the literature examining the relationships between them. Two main streams of literature emerge: on the one hand, some literature focuses on the economic and financial effects of intellectual capital and its components on performance and on the other hand, a small set of survey-based studies aims to delineate these effects adopting a multidimensional approach to performance. Besides these two streams, there is a wealth of literature exploring the effect of isolated element of human, structural or relational capital on performance. Nevertheless, these studies rarely refer to these concepts directly and it is therefore contended that using the concept of intellectual capital may provide interesting insights to illuminate the complex relationships between firms’ resources and activities to leverage its intangible assets, innovation and performance. In doing so, it provides an intellectual capital oriented framework to capture the distinctive features of innovation at firm level and hence contributes to the scarce stream of literature focusing on better identifying and delineating innovation effects on performance.
Differential responses to salinity stress of two varieties (CoC 671 and Co 86032) of sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.)

A comparative study was made to assess salt stress responses of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) var. CoC 671 and Co 86032 using in vitro plantlets by subjecting them to increasing concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM) and checking relative growth rate (RGR), membrane damage rate (MDR), soluble proteins, osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine), ions (Na+ and K+) and activity antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase). As the concentration of NaCl increased, the RGR was found to decrease by 42.1 and 77.7%, the MDA level increased by 32.5 and 55.8% and proline increase of about 43 and 189% was seen in CoC 671 and Co 86032 respectively. CoC 671 was adapted to a higher Na+ concentration (150 mM) than Co 86032. As for the K+ accumulation, it displayed similar patterns as in Na+accumulation. In general, it was observed that in all cases except catalase, CoC 671 displayed higher tolerance to NaCl (up to 150 mM) than Co 86032 (up to 100 mM). Based on the results, it is suggested that CoC 671 displayed NaCl tolerance up to about 150 mM, while that of Co 86032 was around 100 mM. The study also indicates that in vitro plantlets can be used for screening salt tolerance in sugarcane. Key words: In vitro selection, NaCl salinity stress, relative growth rate (RGR), osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes, sugarcane.