Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seedling growth of intermountain perennial and weedy annual grasses.

Squirreltail [Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey] is a native cool-season grass that has been observed to invade rangelands dominated by the weedy annual grasses, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) and medusahead wildrye [Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) (Nevski]. Our objective was to determine if growth characteristics could account for this squirreltail trait. We used growth analysis to examine differences in seedling growth and tissue allocation of 5 squirreltail entries, 2 long-lived perennial grasses ('Goldar' bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love] and 'Hycrest' crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult. X A. cristatum (L.) Gaertn. ]), cheatgrass, and medusahead wildrye. We monitored the 9 entries in a greenhouse for mean relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, leaf weight ratio, root relative growth rate, specific root length, root-to-shoot dry-mass ratio, and root length-to-leaf area ratio beginning 10 days after sowing at 9 destructive harvests at 3-day intervals. Cheatgrass had high relative growth rate for both shoot and root. Only medusahead wildrye equalled the shoot relative growth rate of cheatgrass, and only Hycrest equalled its root relative growth rate. Cheatgrass seedlings were larger than squirreltail seedlings by 2 to 3 weeks after emergence. Few differences were detected among perennials and medusahead wildrye. Cheatgrass displayed the highest leaf area ratio and specific leaf area of the 9 entries but was similar to medusahead wildrye and Red Deer River squirreltail for specific root length. Growth characteristics cannot account for squirreltail's observed ability to invade annual grass stands. However, the combination of high specific leaf area and specific root length in squirreltail germplasm, as found in cheatgrass, may enhance squirreltail survival under competition with annual grasses, especially medusahead wildrye.
Evaluating musical software using conceptual metaphors Conference or Workshop Item

An open challenge for interaction designers is to find ways of designing software to enhance the ability of novices to perform tasks that normally require specialized domain expertise. This challenge is particularly demanding in areas such as music analysis, where complex, abstract, domain-specific concepts and notations occur. One promising theoretical foundation for this work involves the identification of conceptual metaphors and image schemas, found by analyzing discourse. This kind of analysis has already been applied, with some success, both to musical concepts and, separately, to user interface design. The present work appears to be the first to combine these hitherto distinct bodies of research, with the aim of devising a general method for improving user interfaces for music. Some areas where this may require extensions to existing method are noted. This paper presents the results of an exploratory evaluation of Harmony Space, a tool for playing, analysing and learning about harmony. The evaluation uses conceptual metaphors and image schemas elicited from the dialogues of experienced musicians discussing the harmonic progressions in a piece of music. Examples of where the user interface supports the conceptual metaphors, and where support could be improved, are discussed. The potential use of audio output to support conceptual metaphors and image schemas is considered.
Balancing Act: Learning from Organizing Practices in Cultural Industries

The dilemmas experienced by managers in cultural industries are also to be found in a growing number of other industries where knowledge and creativity are key to sustaining competitive advantage. Firms that compete in cultural industries must deal with a combination of ambiguity and dynamism, both of which are intrinsic to goods that serve an aesthetic or expressive rather than a utilitarian purpose. Managers involved with the creation, production, marketing, and distribution of cultural goods must navigate tensions that arise from opposing imperatives that result from these industry characteristics. In this paper we outline five polarities that are shaping organizational practices in cultural industries. First, managers must reconcile expression of artistic values with the economics of mass entertainment. Second, they must seek novelty that differentiates their products without making them fundamentally different in nature from others in the same category. Third, they must analyse and address existing demand while at the same time using their imagination to extend and transform the market. Fourth, they must balance the advantages of vertically integrating diverse activities under one roof against the need to maintain creative vitality through flexible specialization. And finally, they must build creative systems to support and market cultural products but not allow the system to suppress individual inspiration, which is ultimately at the root of creating value in cultural industries.
Choosing Differently But In the Same Way : How Self Impacts Beliefs about Others

We study how people’s own evaluation of choice options influences their estimates of other people’s evaluations when their choices are known. People draw a parallel between themselves and others based on the known choice, and conditionally project their own evaluations of the corresponding option. Thus, how a person rates the option she chose affects her estimates of how other’s rated the option they chose, regardless of whether it was the same option or the opposite option. Likewise, her rating of her rejected option affects her estimate of how others rated their own rejected option. Across five studies, we provide evidence of conditional projection in political and consumer decisions, using across-people differences in ratings of choice options, within-person changes in ratings, as well as manipulated differences in participants’ ratings. We show that conditional projection is facilitated by recognizing a similarity to others in how choices are made, demonstrate that existing accounts of projection would not directly predict our findings, and rule out alternative explanations based on reverse causation or a belief in negative correlations among evaluations. 1 The authors are grateful for helpful comments and suggestions received from Anocha Aribarg, Daniel Bartels, Katherine Burson, Nick Epley, Reid Hastie, Aradhna Krishna, Aparna Labroo, James Mourey, Scott Rick, Lucy Shen and participants in seminars at the Association for Consumer Research, Marketing Science and the University of Chicago, Booth School of Business.
Antifungal activity of extracts, essential oil and constituents from Petroselinum crispum against Colletotrichum acutatum

Se evaluó el efecto de extractos, el aceite esencial y los componentes principales del perejil (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss. ) contra el hongo fitopatógeno Collectotrichum acutatum mediante el método del agar envenenado. Los resultados mostraron que todos los extractos, junto con elaceite esencial, inhibieron significativamente el crecimiento radial de C. acutatum en concentraciones superiores a 100 μg mL-1. La mayor actividad se encontró para el aceite esencial, seguido por el extracto de n-hexano. El análisis por cromatografía de gases con espectroscopia de masas (CG-EM)del extracto de n-hexano y el aceite esencial de P. crispum mostró que los componentes principales corresponden a los fenilpropanoides miristicina y parsley-apiol. Ambos compuestos fueron aislaron por técnicas cromatográficas convencionales y sus estructuras elucidadas por métodos espectroscópicos. La miristicina y el parsley-apiol mostraron un efecto inhibidor significativo contra C. acutatum. La actividad fungistática más alta se encontró para parsley-apiol con un valor CI50 de 40 μg mL-1. Enconclusión, el perejil puede ser una buena fuente de compuestos antimicóticos para controlar el C. acutatum.
Effect of Approaching Boats on Nesting Black Skimmers: Using Response Distances to Establish Protective Buffer Zones

Abstract Understanding how birds respond to the activities of people is an important component of conserving wildlife. We measured responses of nesting black skimmers (Rynchops niger) to an approaching boat in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, USA, by examining distance to first respond, distance to flush, and time to return to the colony. Our objective was to determine if response distances of skimmers changed as a function of year, reproductive stage, direction of approach (direct or tangential), or number of birds nesting in the colony. Generally, reproductive stage had the greatest effect on all responses, followed by direction of approach, number of adults present at the colony, number of nests, and year, which also explained variation in behavioral responses. The distance at which skimmers first flew when a boat approached decreased from the pre–egg-laying period to hatching, and then increased slightly later in the season. Time (x ¯ ± SE) for skimmers to return to the nesting colony varied seasonally, with birds taking longer to return during the pre-egg period (9.5 ± 0.6 min) than during hatching (0.7 ± 0.1 min). The decision process for determining set-back distances to protect nesting skimmers should involve selecting 1) behavioral response of highest concern, 2) reproductive stage of highest concern, and 3) an appropriate level of response at which to establish the buffer area. We recommend that managers use a set-back distance of ≥118 m from the perimeter of the colony for black skimmers, which is the 95% percentile of the distance that skimmers first flew in response to approaching boats. Managers can use these data to set buffer distances for skimmers and other colonial birds.
“ You Shouldn ’ t Have Done That ! ” — A Cross-Cultural Study of Perceptions of Appropriate Complaints 1

This study investigated English learners’ perceptions of appropriate complaint strategies in different situations. It also explored the relationship between their choices of complaint strategies and two variables, status and social distance. Strategies selected by the learners were compared to those chosen by native English speakers and native Chinese speakers. The instrument was a multiple-choice task, and the options displayed in each scenario represented six complaint strategies: (1) hint, (2) expression of annoyance or disapproval, (3) explicit complaint, (4) accusation and warning, (5) immediate threat and curse, and (6) opting out. Excluding opting out (silence), the severity level of the strategy categories increased from (1) to (5). The elicited data were processed by SPSS 12, using Chi-square analyses. The results showed that the three groups significantly differed in their strategy selection, and that the learners tended to be severer than the two native groups in their strategy choices. In addition, social status and distance appeared to significantly determine the three groups’ selection of complaint strategies. Finally, possible causes for the findings and inter-group differences are discussed.
Interactive comment on “ Comparison of CO 2 fluxes estimated using atmospheric and oceanic inversions , and role of fluxes and their interannual variability in simulating atmospheric CO 2 concentrations ” by P . K . Patra et

We appreciate the Reviewer’s effort for evaluating our paper critically and providing us with a comprehensive set of comments. We agree that many of the comments are justified. After reading the reviewer’s comments, we realized that we had not properly connected the different elements of this paper in the introduction. However, we feel that the reviewer’s concern that ‘these three sections feel rather uncorrelated’ can be address by revising the manuscript.
Effects of drought stress on growth and yield of barley

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) grown in Mediterranean regions undergoes drought stress during the grain-filling period. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of drought stress on grain growth and yield of barley. Plants were exposed to three drought treatments at the beginning of grain filling: (1) well-watered at 100% field capacity, (2) mild drought stress at 60% field capacity, and (3) severe drought stress at 20% field capacity until grain maturity. Grain moisture content and dry weight were determined for grains harvested at 3, 10, 17, 23 and 31 days after the beginning of grain filling. Grain dry weight for severe drought stress plants reached a maximum value earlier than grains from mild drought stress and well-watered plants, indicating that grains from severe drought stress plants had a higher growth rate than those of mild drought stress and well-watered plants. Drought-stressed plants had shorter duration of grain filling than well-watered plants. Drought stress treatments reduced grain yield by reducing the number of tillers, spikes and grains per plant and individual grain weight. In conclusion, postanthesis drought stress was detrimental to grain yield regardless of the stress severity.
Theoretical Models of Heterogeneity, Growth and Competitiveness: Insights from the Mainstream and Evolutionary Economics Paradigms

This paper presents a survey of theoretical models of heterogeneity, growth and competitiveness. We compare two main theoretical traditions, evolutionary economics and mainstream heterogeneity models, in order to investigate whether the incorporation of heterogeneous agents has made the recent wave of mainstream models more similar to the evolutionary modelling style and results. The results of our survey exercise can be summarized as follows. On the one hand, we observe some increasing similarities and converging aspects between the evolutionary and the mainstream approaches to the study of heterogeneity. On the other hand, however, there are still some fundamental differences between them, which mainly relate to the distinct set of theoretical assumptions and methodological frameworks in which these heterogeneity models are set up and rooted. In short, the evolutionary approach emphasizes the complexities of the growth process and makes an effort to provide a realistic description of it, whereas the mainstream approach does instead follow a modelling methodology that emphasizes the analytical power and tractability of the formalization, even if that implies a somewhat simplified and less realistic description of the growth process.
Intensive radiosonde observations of the diurnal tide and planetary waves in the lower atmosphere over Yichang (111°18' E, 30°42' N), China

The characteristics of diurnal tide and planetary waves (PWs) in the troposphere and lower stratosphere (TLS) over Yichang (111°18' E, 30°42' N) were studied by using the data from intensive radiosonde observations in August 2006 (summer month) and January 2007 (winter month) on an eight-times-daily basis. The radiosonde observations of the diurnal tide and PWs in the TLS in the mid-latitudes have seldom been reported. We find that there exists dominant diurnal oscillations in the TLS over Yichang. The observed diurnal tide consists of significant nonmigrating components, which may be owning to the local latent heat release. Since the nonmigrating tides are usually composed of high order modes with smaller vertical wavelengths, which are prone to dissipation in comparison with the low order modes, the observational tidal amplitudes decrease sharply at several heights. Some evident discrepancies between the observations and the GSWM-02 are found, which may result mainly from the inaccurate prediction of the nonmigrating tidal components by the GSWM-02. And, due to the evident seasonal differences of the water vapor mixing ratio disturbance and the tropospheric jet induced turbulence in winter, the diurnal tides in the summer and winter months have some different characteristics. Besides the diurnal tide, obvious quasi 7-day PW (QSDPW) and quasi 10-day PW (QTDPW) are also recognized from our observations in both the summer and winter months. The QSDPWs in the troposphere in both the summer and winter months show a standing wave structure, while the QTDPWs generally exhibit traveling wave characteristics. Spectral analyses reveal that some waves with periods around that of the diurnal tide are generated due to the interactions of the diurnal tide and PWs and the tidal amplitudes are modulated by the PWs, indicating the extensive coupling between the diurnal tide and PWs. Moreover, our observations manifest that the PWs can exert great impacts on the tropospheric jet in winter and the tropopause in both the summer and winter months.
Clinical analysis and anatomopathologic research on patient prepuces referred to postectomy

Aprovado pelo Conselho Consultivo e aceito para publicação em 16.10. 2003. / Approved by the Consultive Council and accepted for publication in October, 16 th of 2003. * Trabalho realizado no Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão e Instituto Diagnóstico de Anatomia Patológica IDAP, Florianópolis. / Work done at "Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão e Instituto Diagnóstico de Anatomia Patológica IDAP, Florianópolis".
Impact of the Flipped Classroom Model and Collaborative Learning in Childhood Teaching University Degree

This study presents the applications of the flipped classroom model (JITT) as an emergent didactic strategy with two groups of students in Childhood Teaching Degree, using the methodology of collaborative learning, where the professor implemented the flipped classroom model in one of the groups. From a quasi-experimental design, a total of 152 students participated on it. After applying the model to one of the groups, the student presented positive scores in the flipped classroom group. The students from the experimental group completed an open survey –online- before the implementation of the flipped classroom model and another one at the end of it to organise and follow the on-site sessions. The conclusions of the study based on the designed instruments showed progress regarding the use of collaborative learning in both groups, appearing particularly more valued in the flipped classroom group. In reference to the implementation of the model teachers´amount of work and students´ effort are highlighted, underlining the increase of students’ competence in the obtained average score.
The Subparsec-Scale Structure and Evolution of Centaurus A. II. Continued Very Long Baseline Array Monitoring

We present the results of continued 8.4 GHz Very Long Baseline Array monitoring of the subparsec-scale structure and evolution of Centaurus A, following on from the initial results presented in 1998 by Tingay et al. We include, for the first time, multiepoch VLBI images at 22.2 GHz that show that the jet is linear and well collimated on scales as small as 0.02 pc (∼1000rs). Two components in the subparsec-scale jet continue to evolve slowly with a speed of 0.12c. We confirm that an additional component, close to the core, has no significant motion. Some evidence is seen for rapid variations within individual components, as noted dramatically in 1991–1992 by Tingay et al., albeit at a lower level of activity. Both the stationary behavior of the component close to the core and the internal variability of components in the subparsec-scale jet of Centaurus A may be explained as being due to the existence of shocks created in the wake of major component ejections from the nucleus, as simulated by Agudo et al. (published in 2001). Tentative evidence is found to suggest that two subparsec-scale counterjet components are in motion away from the nucleus. The estimated apparent speeds of the jet and counterjet components are consistent with the previously suggested likely jet viewing angle range, 50°–80°. We also compare our Centaurus A images with high-resolution VLBI images of M87 to show that the region of the Centaurus A jet in which collimation likely first occurs lies a factor of 10 below our current resolution limit. Future space VLBI missions at high frequency will be required to resolve this region.
Characterization of the levels of cassava commercialization among smallholder farmers in Kenya: A multinomial regression approach

Cassava commercialization is a concept that has been used by many development practitioners because of its possible strategic role in transforming livelihoods of smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa, including Siaya and Kilifi Counties in Kenya. This concept can easily be implemented when the levels of commercialization is known. However, empirical evidence reveals little information on the levels of cassava commercialization amongst smallholder farmers in these counties. Thus effective policy interventions on cassava commercialization for these farmers are difficult to implement, since there is no proper understanding of their levels of cassava commercialization. Therefore the main objective of this paper was to characterize levels of cassava commercialization among smallholder farmers. Factors influencing cassava commercialization were also evaluated. The data was collected from 381 farm households in Siaya and Kilifi Counties (Kenya). This data was used to calculate the Household Commercialization Index (HCI) and Value Addition Indices (VAI) which were then integrated to form the Commercialization Index (CI). This integrated index formed the basis for categorizing the levels of commercialization. A multinomial regression model was used to evaluate factors that affect levels of commercialization. The results obtained revealed that majority of smallholder farmers’ operate at low and medium categories with very few of them at high level. Distance to the market, cassava acreage, schooling years, gender and marketing costs were the key determinants of the levels of commercialization. In order to promote high level commercialization, the study recommends developing policies that enhance formal education among farmers, optimal usage of land and minimization of transportation costs through infrastructural development. Key words: Commercialization, cassava, smallholder farmers, value addition, market participation.
Communicative Language Teaching: A Practical Scenario in the Context of Bangladesh

Communicative Language Teaching, popularly known as CLT, has become a newly adopted methodology in the teaching and learning context of Bangladesh. This methodology, since the initiation, has encountered and is still encountering a number of hurdles that need to be dealt with best care and feasible strategy. Of all methods, most of the educational institutes be- it secondary or higher secondary are inclined to accept and apply the CLT in classroom, though there has been a lack of resources, materials and language experts. Ignoring the reality, the policy makers would like to follow the other countries, though they are self-sufficient and self-dependent on their strategic plans and strong funds who have already executed CLT with success. This paper attempts to present the reality behind the implementation of CLT in the language teaching and learning environment and outlines the malpractices widely obvious in educational institutes of Bangladesh. This paper also focuses on the strategic points, data collection and analysis and probable remedy regarding the real picture of CLT in Bangladesh. Keywords: CLT, methodology, context, hurdles, Bangladesh
Emotions as Important Aspect of Resilience When Coping With Traumatic Injury. Dissertation submitted to the faculty of The Adler School of Professional Psychology

2 CHAPTER I: Introduction 3 Statement of Problem 6 Statement of Purpose 7 CHAPTER II: Literature Review 10 Construct of Resilience 10 When Less is More – Optimizing Cognitive Resources 11 Role of Emotions 13 The Dynamic Self 20 Resilience Revisited 26 CHAPTER III: Methodology 29 Participants 29 iv