Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Malware detection based on Cloud Computing integrating Intrusion Ontology representation

This paper aims to present a model for malware detection, uCLAVS (University of Caldas' AntiVirus Service), a multiple engine service that follows the set of defined protocols and standards for Web Services technologies, in addition an Ontology for Malware and Intrusion Detection is described. uCLAVS is based on the idea that the files analysis commonly carried by applications residing on the client can improve their performance if they are moved to the network, where instead of running complex software on every host, it gives each process a receiving the light entering the system files, send them to the network to be analyzed by multiple engines, and then to decide whether or not they are executed according to the report of threat delivered. As a result of the tests with the prototype can be uCLAVS arguing, among other things, that offers the possibility of increasing the rate of the assertion characterization harmful files, allows the construction of thin clients, facilitates zero-day updates, and provides a forensic capabilities enhancement.
Radial artery-to-aorta pressure difference after discontinuation of cardiopulmonary bypass.

To test whether the radial artery-to-aorta pressure gradient seen in some patients after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is due to reduction in hand vascular resistance, the authors compared pressures in the ascending aorta with pressures in the radial artery before and after CPB in 12 patients. They increased hand vascular resistance by briefly occluding the radial and ulnar arteries at the wrist and recorded that effect on the radial artery-to-aorta pressure relationship. They also recorded the effect of wrist compression on radial artery pressures before and after CPB in 38 patients not having aortic pressure measurements. Before CPB in the first 12 patients, the radial systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than the ascending aortic SAP, and wrist compression did not significantly affect that difference (P greater than 0.05). After CPB, the radial artery and aortic SAPs were not statistically different (P greater than 0.05), but wrist compression restored the higher radial artery SAP. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was equal in four patients and 1-3 mmHg higher or lower in eight patients before CPB, and wrist compression did not alter those relationships. After CPB, MAP was equal in four patients; radial MAP was 1-3 mmHg higher or lower in six patients, and 7 and 10 mmHg lower in the last two patients. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the long-term efficacy of carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure.

BACKGROUND Clinical trials have shown that beta-adrenergic blocking drugs are effective and well tolerated in patients with mild to moderate heart failure, but the utility and safety of these drugs in patients with advanced disease have not been evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 56 patients with severe chronic heart failure into a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the vasodilating beta-blocker carvedilol. All patients had advanced heart failure, as evidenced by a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 0.16 +/- 0.01 and a mean maximal oxygen consumption of 13.6 +/- 0.6 mL.kg-1.min-1 despite digitalis, diuretics, and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (if tolerated). After a 3-week, open-label, up-titration period, 49 of the 56 patients were assigned (in a double-blind fashion using a 2:1 randomization) to receive either carvedilol (25 mg BID, n = 33) or matching placebo (n = 16) for 14 weeks, while background therapy remained constant. Hemodynamic and functional variables were measured at the start and end of the study. Compared with the placebo group, patients in the carvedilol group showed improved cardiac performance, as reflected by an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (P = .005) and stroke volume index (P = .010) and a decrease in pulmonary wedge pressure, mean right atrial pressure, and systemic vascular resistance (P = .003, .002, and .017, respectively). In addition, compared with placebo, patients treated with carvedilol benefited clinically, as shown by an improvement in symptom scores (P = .002), functional class (P = .013), and submaximal exercise tolerance (P = .006). The combined risk of death, worsening heart failure, and life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmia was lower in the carvedilol group than in the placebo group (P = .028), but carvedilol-treated patients had more dizziness and advanced heart block. CONCLUSIONS Carvedilol produces clinical and hemodynamic improvement in patients who have severe heart failure despite treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
Super Resolution by Comprehensively Exploiting Dependencies of Wavelet Coefficients

We propose an algorithm for single image super resolution (SR) using wavelet decomposition and machine learning. Wavelets have been used for SR before due to their ability to capture scale invariant properties of natural images. However previous techniques used only a subset of relationships that exist between multiscale wavelet coefficients. We present a first-of-its-kind analysis of the wavelet properties relevant to SR that leads to insights for a novel SR algorithm. In particular we discovered that to estimate a desired finer scale detail coefficient it is not enough to use only its parent detail coefficient at the coarser scale as was done by the previous techniques. The estimation can be improved a lot by using certain additional coarser level detail coefficients and even finer scale approximation coefficients whose relative locations are suggested by our analysis. Additionally the previous wavelet-based techniques used generative learning frameworks for SR. However we show that SR is a type of problem on which discriminative frameworks excel. These improvements allowed our technique to far surpass the reconstruction accuracy of the previous wavelet-based SR algorithms on a large set of images. Additionally our algorithm also surpassed other state-of-the-art SR algorithms that are not based on wavelets in reconstruction quality and training and testing speeds. We thus reestablish the utility of the wavelets for SR.
Deciphering the International Monetary Fund’s (IMFs) position on austerity: Incapacity, incoherence and instrumentality

Back in 2009, at the height of the global financial crisis, the London G20 forum met and declared the Washington consensus dead. What emerged in its place was a contradictory and confusing array of narratives and international policy prescriptions for post-crisis recovery that owed as much to the past as the present. Divisions within and among International Governmental Organisations (IGOs) arose about how best to address the economic challenges, but the dominant solution was ‘austerity’ which became firmly rooted in the policies and discourse of national governments and international organisations alike. While signalling a downward political reconditioning of public welfare expectations, the austerity strategy has itself lacked organisational conviction and coherence. Austerity is, thus, important for identifying the location of social policy in international post-crisis economic discourse. Since the crisis has paradoxically, bolstered economic interests at the expense of political choice, it is also necessary to study the crisis responses advocated by economic organisations as more, rather than less significant in shaping welfare futures. This article draws on evidence from a textual content analysis of International Monetary Fund (IMF) documents over the period 2004–2015 to examine discourse on austerity and social policy. The findings indicate that, while the language of ‘austerity’ and policy prescriptions vary, the IMF’s essential position has been to advocate austerity-like policies throughout the period, leaving its ideational ‘economistic’ position on the purpose of social policy fundamentally unchanged. These findings contrast with others that perceive a shift towards social justice concerns within the organisation, whereas our evidence suggests that the IMF’s position on social policy is one of ambivalence and incoherence.
Subcutaneous Golimumab in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis: Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Benefit

Background: Current treatments for pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) are limited. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics and clinical benefits of subcutaneous golimumab, an anti-tumor necrosis factor agent, in moderately-to-severely active pediatric patients with UC refractory to conventional therapy. Methods: We report a multicenter, open-label study of golimumab with a pharmacokinetics phase (week 0–14). Patients had moderately-to-severely active UC and were naive to anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment. At weeks 0 and 2, patients received golimumab induction dosed by weight (<45 kg [90/45 mg/m2]; ≥45 kg [200/100 mg]). Week 6 clinical responders continued golimumab q4w. Serum golimumab concentrations, clinical outcomes (Mayo score, PUCAI score), and adverse events are reported. Results: Thirty-five patients (71.4% pancolitis) aged 6 to 17 years had baseline median (interquartile range), age, weight, and disease duration of 15.0 (11.0–16.0) years, 50.6 (35.2–59.0) kg, and 1.2 (0.6–3.1) years, respectively. Baseline Mayo and PUCAI scores were 8.0 (6.0–9.0) and 45 (35.0–65.0), respectively. Median (interquartile range) serum golimumab concentrations were comparable to a historical reference adult UC population at weeks 2 (5.72 [3.80–9.17] &mgr;g/mL), 4 (7.61 [3.22–9.51] &mgr;g/mL), and 6 (2.64 [0.92–3.83] &mgr;g/mL). Serum golimumab concentrations were generally lower in the <45 kg than ≥45 kg weight subgroup. At week 6, 60%, 34%, and 54%, of patients achieved Mayo clinical response, PUCAI clinical remission, and mucosal healing (Mayo subscore 0/1). No clinically important safety concerns were reported. Conclusions: This open-label study demonstrates that pediatric and adult golimumab pharmacokinetics are similar. Clinical benefit and safety shows promise in biologically naive pediatric patients with UC.
Proper formation of whisker barrelettes requires periphery-derived Smad4-dependent TGF-β signaling

Mammalian somatosensory topographic maps contain specialized neuronal structures that precisely recapitulate the spatial pattern of peripheral sensory organs. In the mouse, whiskers are orderly mapped onto several brainstem nuclei as a set of modular structures termed barrelettes. Using a dual-color iontophoretic labeling strategy, we found that the precise topography of barrelettes is not a result of ordered positions of sensory neurons within the ganglion. We next explored another possibility that formation of the whisker map is influenced by periphery-derived mechanisms. During the period of peripheral sensory innervation, several TGF-β ligands are exclusively expressed in whisker follicles in a dynamic spatiotemporal pattern. Disrupting TGF-β signaling, specifically in sensory neurons by conditional deletion of Smad4 at the late embryonic stage, results in the formation of abnormal barrelettes in the principalis and interpolaris brainstem nuclei and a complete absence of barrelettes in the caudalis nucleus. We further show that this phenotype is not derived from defective peripheral innervation or central axon outgrowth but is attributable to the misprojection and deficient segregation of trigeminal axonal collaterals into proper barrelettes. Furthermore, Smad4-deficient neurons develop simpler terminal arbors and form fewer synapses. Together, our findings substantiate the involvement of whisker-derived TGF-β/Smad4 signaling in the formation of the whisker somatotopic maps.
Short-term Effects of Corticosteroid Therapy on Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles in Muscular Dystrophies

Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common muscular dystrophy of childhood. It leads to progressive deterioration in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Corticosteroids are considered an effective therapy. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the role of short-term prednisone therapy in improving left ventricular (LV) systolic function, LV mass (LVM), and motor power in cases of muscular dystrophies. Patients and Methods Twenty-five cases of muscular dystrophy including 17 cases of DMD, 3 cases of Becker muscular dystrophies, and 5 cases of female patients with DMD-like phenotype were included in the study. The diagnosis of 12 patients was confirmed by muscle biopsy with immunohistochemistry; the patients were subjected to motor assessment, measurement of creatine kinase level, and echocardiographic examination before and after prednisone therapy. Transthoracic echocardiographic assessment of the LV systolic function (fractional shortening) was done. Myocardial performance index and LVM were calculated. Intermittent dosage of prednisone was administered 5 mg/kg per day on 2 consecutive days weekly for 3 months. Results Fractional shortening improved on prednisone therapy (P = 0.009) and LVM increased (P = 0.012); improvement in walking was detected in 77% of the patients, climbing stairs improved in 88.9%, Gower sign improved in 70%, and rising from chair improved in 60%. Prednisone had no effect on the patients with marked motor impairment (on wheelchair). The creatine kinase level was significantly lower after steroid therapy (P = 0.04). Conclusions Three months of intermittent prednisone therapy could improve cardiac and skeletal muscle function in congenital muscular dystrophy.
Substance abuse among inner-city Hispanic women: exploring resiliency.

OBJECTIVE To identify factors that prevent drug abuse among young Hispanic women living in inner cities and to acquire ideas for preventive strategies. DESIGN Qualitative interviews of focus group participants to explore perceptions about drug use. SETTING An urban location adjacent to a neighborhood health clinic. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-four young Hispanic women recruited from an inner-city prenatal clinic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Identification of themes that trigger or deter drug use. Acquisition of preliminary knowledge required for further development of data collection instruments and design of interventions for use with inner-city Hispanic women. RESULTS Identified six themes through qualitative data analysis of interview narratives. CONCLUSIONS Compared themes with existing theoretical models and described implications for nursing practice.
Rapid growth in infancy and childhood and obesity in later life – a systematic review

The association between obesity and morbidity resulting from chronic diseases is well known. This systematic review addresses studies of the role of rapid growth in infancy and childhood as possible determinants of overweight and obesity later in the life course. We reviewed MEDLINE for studies reporting on growth in infancy and childhood, as well as measures of weight or adiposity in later childhood, adolescence or adulthood. The methodological quality of the papers was assessed using the criteria suggested by Downs and Black. Sixteen articles that fulfilled review criteria were located. There was wide variability in the indicators used for defining rapid growth as well as overweight or obesity. The age range in which weight or adiposity was measured ranged from 3 to 70 years. In spite of differences in definitions used, 13 articles that reported on early rapid growth found significant associations with later overweight or adiposity. Efforts should be made to standardize the definition of rapid growth, as well as that of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. The most frequent definition for rapid growth in this review was a Z‐score change greater than 0.67 in weight for age between two different ages in childhood. Regarding obesity, the definition proposed by the International Obesity Task Force also appears to be most appropriate. The present results indicate that early growth is indeed associated with the prevalence of obesity later in the life course.
The Digital Pen and Paper

Summary Objectives: To evaluate the efficiency and acceptance of digital pen and paper technology for real-time clinical data acquisition. Methods: A prospective interventional unblinded study involving consecutive patients in two clinical settings during a defined time-frame was proposed. The first trial was designed as a stress test to evaluate acceptance in a workload-intensive environment. Acceptance was assessed using observations and a satisfaction questionnaire. The second trial was intended to determine the reliability of data acquisition in a controlled environment. Reliability was assessed by comparing the performance of the digital pen against scanner analysis and a double human blinded acquisition. Results: Overall, users were satisfied with the use of the digital pen (median 3 on a Likert-scale (–5, 5)). Without any specific user training, successful data acquisition was greater than 80%. Use of this technology required less adaptation than standard computer devices, and was easy to learn and use. Ergonomic problems shaded the perception of the technology by inducing an increased cognitive load. Digitalized data was missing either because of a bug or due to lack of data validation. The reliability obtained with the digital pen was significantly lower to that obtained with the scanner. Conclusions: Natural technology such as the digital pen proved to be a good tool in stressful clinical environments without interfering with the normal workload or increasing the time for data acquisition. However, in order to improve quality of data acquisition, designing acquisition forms specifically for the use of digital pens is of paramount importance.
Evidence for multiple paternity in broods of the green lynx spider Peucetia viridans (Araneae: Oxyopidae)

Abstract In the green lynx spider Peucetia viridans (Hentz 1832), the two openings of a mated female's epigynum are often sealed by copulatory plugs, sometimes with the two-pronged distal portion of the paracybium of a male palpus inserted in each opening and embedded in the plugs. The presence of copulatory plugs and paracymbia may prevent further mating by the female. However, not all mated females exhibit these structures, perhaps allowing some P. viridans females to mate with more than one male, despite the assertion of Whitcomb & Eason (1965) that females only mate once. We investigated this possibility by surveying the extent of multiple paternity in field-collected P. viridans broods from southern California. For adult females and their egg sacs, we determined the aspartate aminotransferase genotype for each mother and her spiderlings using allozyme electrophoresis in order to assess whether the progeny data best fit with a single male as the father. Two broods exhibited clear evidence of multiple paternity, verifying that multiple mating by females is possible in this species. Although most mothers of single paternity broods had one or both epigynal orifices blocked, some had no blockage at all, while the two mothers of multiple paternity broods had some kind of blockage to one or both orifices, suggesting that neither plugs nor inserted paracymbial processes are associated with a reduction in female remating.
Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of desensitizing agents in dentine tubule occlusion using scanning electron microscopy.

BACKGROUND Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) occurs on exposed dentine and is dependent on the patency of dentinal tubules. This study compared the effectiveness of red propolis extract (RPE), calcium sodium phosphosilicate (Novamin) and arginine-calcium carbonate (ACC) in occluding dentine tubules. METHODS Eighty dentine discs from extracted human molars were randomly divided into four groups (n=20): Group 1--RPE; Group 2--Novamin; Group 3--ACC; Group 4--saline. The discs were etched with 37.5% phosphoric acid and treated with the test agents. Ten treated discs from each group were then exposed to 6% citric acid challenge. The extent of tubule occlusion was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three blinded assessors scored each SEM image on the degree of tubule occlusion. Differences in occlusion were tested using ANOVA and Tukey adjustment. RESULTS Discs treated with ACC demonstrated more tubule occlusion, followed by RPE and Novamin, and were greater in statistical significance when compared to discs treated with saline. Following acid challenge, RPE treated discs maintained more occlusion, followed by ACC and Novamin. CONCLUSIONS All three agents demonstrated tubule occlusion. Although ACC showed more occlusion following treatment, RPE demonstrated a higher degree of occlusion following acid challenge.
Recovery of the Injured External Anal Sphincter After Injection of Local or Intravenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells

OBJECTIVES: To understand the endogenous process of wound healing after anal sphincter injury and to determine possible mechanisms by which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert their regenerative potential. METHODS: Virginal female rats (n=204) underwent anal sphincter laceration and repair. Thereafter, animals were randomly assigned to control injection, injection with intravenous MSCs, or direct injection of MSCs into the injured sphincter. Twenty uninjured animals served as baseline controls. Sphincters were analyzed for contractile function and parameters of wound healing 24 hours, 48 hours, 7 days, and 21 days after injury. RESULTS: Direct injection of MSCs into the injured anal sphincter resulted in improved contractile function 21 days after injury compared with controls. Although expression of both proinflammatory (cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-6) and anti-inflammatory (interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-&agr;–stimulated gene-6) genes were increased dramatically and transiently after injury, MSCs did not alter this response. In contrast, transforming growth factor (TFG)-&bgr;1 (an important mediator of matrix deposition by mesenchymal cells) and lysyl oxidase (an enzyme important for synthesis of collagen and elastin) expression increased dramatically at earlier time points in the direct MSC injection group compared with controls. Increased expression of TFG-&bgr;1 and lysyl oxidase in directly injected sphincters was associated with increased collagen deposition and engraftment of MSCs in the sphincter. CONCLUSION: In this preclinical animal model, direct, but not intravenous, injection of MSCs into the injured anal sphincter at the time of repair resulted in improved contractile function of the sphincter after injury, increased matrix deposition in the external anal sphincter, and increased expression of TFG-&bgr;1 and lysyl oxidase in the acute phase after injury.