Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
eps15, a novel tyrosine kinase substrate, exhibits transforming activity

An expression cloning method which allows direct isolation of cDNAs encoding substrates for tyrosine kinases was applied to the study of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. A previously undescribed cDNA was isolated and designated eps15. The structural features of the predicted eps15 gene product allow its subdivision into three domains. Domain I contains signatures of a regulatory domain, including a candidate tyrosine phosphorylation site and EF-hand-type calcium-binding domains. Domain II presents the characteristic heptad repeats of coiled-coil rod-like proteins, and domain III displays a repeated aspartic acid-proline-phenylalanine motif similar to a consensus sequence of several methylases. Antibodies specific for the eps15 gene product recognize two proteins: a major species of 142 kDa and a minor component of 155 kDa, both of which are phosphorylated on tyrosine following EGFR activation by EGF in vivo. EGFR is also able to directly phosphorylate the eps15 product in vitro. In addition, phosphorylation of the eps15 gene product in vivo is relatively receptor specific, since the erbB-2 kinase phosphorylates it very inefficiently. Finally, overexpression of eps15 is sufficient to transform NIH 3T3 cells, thus suggesting that the eps15 gene product is involved in the regulation of mitogenic signals.
Comparison of serum PSMA, PSA levels with results of cytogen‐356 ProstaScint® scanning in prostatic cancer patients

Stored serum from clinical trial cases undergoing ProstaScint® (CYT‐356) scanning were available for Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) assay. Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels had already been determined. This provided an opportunity to see what correlations existed between the serum markers and the ProstaScint® scan. A group of patients had the studies preprostatectomy, whereas another group had the studies postprostatectomy.
High-fat/low-carbohydrate diet reduces insulin-stimulated carbohydrate oxidation but stimulates nonoxidative glucose disposal in humans: An important role for skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4.

AIM The aim of this report was to study the effect of high-fat (HF)/low-carbohydrate (CHO) diet on regulation of substrate metabolism in humans. METHODS Ten healthy men consumed either a HF (75% energy as fat) or control (35%) diet for 6 d in random order. On d 7, blood glucose disappearance rate (Rd) was determined before and during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Substrate oxidation was determined by indirect calorimetry. Muscle biopsies were obtained prediet, postdiet, and postclamps. RESULTS Rd was similar under basal conditions but slightly elevated (approximately 10%, P < 0.05) during the last 30 min of the clamp after the HF diet. HF diet reduced CHO oxidation under basal (by approximately 40%, P < 0.05) and clamp conditions (by approximately 20%, P < 0.05), increased insulin-mediated whole-body nonoxidative glucose disposal (by 30%, P < 0.05) and muscle glycogen storage (by approximately 25%, P < 0.05). Muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity was blunted under basal and clamp conditions after HF compared with control (P < 0.05) and was accompanied by an approximately 2-fold increase (P < 0.05) in pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) mRNA and protein expression. CONCLUSION Short-term HF/low-CHO dietary intake did not induce whole-body insulin resistance, but caused a shift in im glucose metabolism from oxidation to glycogen storage. Insulin-stimulated CHO oxidation and muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity were blunted after the HF diet. Up-regulation of muscle PDK4 expression was an early molecular adaptation to these changes, and we showed for the first time in healthy humans, unlike insulin-resistant individuals, that insulin can suppress PDK4 but not PDK2 gene expression in skeletal muscle.
Restless legs symptoms among incident dialysis patients: association with lower quality of life and shorter survival.

BACKGROUND Symptoms of restless legs are common among patients treated with long-term hemodialysis. We investigated the relation between symptoms of restless legs, quality of life, and survival among incident hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. METHODS This report includes 894 dialysis patients who responded to an item regarding severity of restless legs symptoms in the Choices for Healthy Outcomes in Caring for End-Stage Renal Disease Study. We examined participant responses both as categorized by the 5-point symptoms of restless legs item and classified with severe symptoms of restless legs if they reported they were very or extremely bothered by symptoms. Independent predictors of restless legs symptoms were estimated using logistic regression. The association of restless legs symptoms with quality of life was examined by means of mixed-model regression, and adjusted mortality risk was estimated by means of Cox proportional hazards. RESULTS Fifteen percent of dialysis patients were classified as having severe restless legs. Those characterized by severe restless legs were significantly more likely to be administered benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and antiepileptics. Age and diabetes mellitus were independently associated with severe symptoms of restless legs. Symptoms of restless legs were associated with lower Physical and Mental Component Scores, vitality, bodily pain, and sleep quality (all P < 0.001). After adjustment, severe symptoms of restless legs were significantly associated with an increased mortality hazard ratio of 1.39 (95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 1.79). CONCLUSION Symptoms of restless legs were associated with lower quality of life and increased risk for death. The effect of treatment for symptoms of restless legs on quality of life and survival awaits additional study.
Sequential Replication of the Chromosome of Bacillus licheniformis

A sequential replication map of the chromosome of Bacillus licheniformis was constructed by employing the method of gene-frequency analysis presented by Yoshikawa and Sueoka. Our analysis of 11 genetic markers was based on the hypothesis that the chromosome initiated replication at a fixed origin and proceeded in a linear fashion to the terminus. The proposed locations of markers were validated by cotransformation and cotransduction analyses. Bacteriophage SP-15 cotransduced markers that failed to show linkage by transformation.
Amiloride is a competitive inhibitor of coxsackievirus B 3 RNA polymerase 1 2 Running title : Amiloride is a competitive inhibitor of CVB 3 3 Dpol 3 4

24 25 Amiloride and its derivative 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA) were previously shown to 26 inhibit coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) RNA replication in cell culture, with two amino acid 27 substitutions in the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 3D conferring partial resistance of 28 CVB3 to the compounds (D. N. Harrison, E. V. Gazina, D. F. Purcell, D. A. Anderson, and S. 29 Petrou, J. Virol. 82:1465-1473, 2008). Here, we demonstrate that amiloride and EIPA inhibit 30 enzymatic activity of CVB3 3D in vitro, affecting both VPg uridylylation and RNA elongation. 31 Examination of the mechanism of inhibition of 3D by amiloride showed that the compound 32 acts as a competitive inhibitor, competing with incoming NTP and Mg. Docking analysis 33 suggested a binding site for amiloride and EIPA in 3D, which is located in close proximity to 34 one of the Mg ions and overlaps with the nucleotide binding site, thus explaining the observed 35 competition. This is the first report of a molecular mechanism of action of non-nucleoside 36 inhibitors against a picornaviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. 37
Recurrent abdominal pain and hematuria.

CASE A 12-year-old, Hispanic girl presented to the Children’s Medical Center emergency department (ED) with a chief complaint of abdominal pain for 12 hours. She had an insidious onset of generalized abdominal discomfort before going to bed. She awoke at 3:00 AM with increased pain. She was able to return to sleep for 3 hours after a dose of ibuprofen. Upon being aroused for school, her pain intensified. The pain was sharp and radiated toward her right lower quadrant. She was unable to achieve comfort by standing, sitting upright, leaning forward, or lying in either decubitus position. An additional dose of ibuprofen was given before the ED encounter. She experienced anorexia and nausea. The review of systems was negative for fever, chills, dysuria, frequency, hesitancy, hematuria, or flank pain. She had had her first menstrual period 3 weeks before admission and denied sexual activity. Medical history was remarkable for an episode of severe abdominal pain 3 months previously. She had presented to the Children’s Medical Center ED with a more abrupt onset of left lower quadrant pain. The pain had radiated to her left flank. She had associated symptoms of nausea and experienced 2 episodes of nonbilious vomiting. She was found to be uncomfortable without peritoneal findings. Urinalysis revealed 20 red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power field (HPF). An intravenous pyelogram was performed. The left kidney was borderline enlarged, but otherwise the images were unrewarding. Her pain was successfully treated with intravenous ketorolac tromethamine. She was discharged with a suspected diagnosis of nephrolithiasis. She had no interval history until her current illness. Family history was positive for gallstones and renal stones in the mother. Family history was negative for hypertension, nephritis, renal anomalies, coagulopathy, collagen vascular disease, or cardiovascular disease. Examination in the ED revealed a child whowas still. She appeared uncomfortable. Two hours after the mother had administered ibuprofen, the child’s temperature was 38-C orally. Heart ratewas 110 beats/min; respiratory rate, 24 breaths/min; and blood pressure, 105/65 mm Hg. Her abdomen was nondistended. She has no hepatosplenomegaly or masses. There was voluntary guarding in the right mid and right lower quadrant. There was no involuntary guarding. Iliopsoas and obturator internus signs were negative. Her gait was normal. Heel tap was negative. She had no flank tenderness. The external genitalia were normal. She was at Tanner II sexual development. The remainder of her examination was normal. A midstream urine was acquired at the time of triage. The specimen was clear and yellow and contained 3 to 5 white blood cells (WBCs)/HPF, 40 RBCs/HPF. No casts were seen. No bacteria were visualized. The nitrite and leukocyte esterase were negative. There was no proteinuria.
A worthy self is a caring self: Examining the developmental relations between self-esteem and self-compassion in adolescents.

OBJECTIVE Self-compassion has been framed as a healthy alternative to self-esteem, as it is nonevaluative. However, rather than being alternatives, it may be that the two constructs develop in a mutually reinforcing way. The present study tested this possibility among adolescents. METHOD A large adolescent sample (N = 2,809; 49.8% female) reported levels of trait self-esteem and self-compassion annually for 4 years. Autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation models were used to estimate the reciprocal longitudinal relations between the two constructs. RESULTS Self-esteem consistently predicted changes in self-compassion across the 4 years of the study, but not vice versa. CONCLUSIONS Self-esteem appears to be an important antecedent of the development of self-compassion, perhaps because the capacity to extend compassion toward the self depends on one's appraisals of worthiness. These findings add important insights to our theoretical understanding of the development of self-compassion.
Prognostic value of exercise variables in 335 patients after the Fontan operation: a 23-year single-center experience of cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

BACKGROUND The prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) for mortality risk remains controversial in Fontan patients. PURPOSE Our goal of the present study was to clarify the prognostic value of major CPX variables and the factors determining exercise capacity in a large cohort of Fontan patients. METHODS Since 1990, heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2 ), and ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2 ) at peak exercise were determined in 335 Fontan patients (18 ± 5 years old), and the CPX variables were compared with the clinical profile and events. RESULTS When compared with 209 controls, peak HR (148 ± 24 bpm), VO2 (27 ± 7 mL/kg/minute, [61 ± 15%]), and VE/VCO2 (40 ± 8 [117 ± 24%]) were markedly impaired in the Fontan patients (P < .0001). During a follow-up of 3.1 ± 2.7 years, 62 Fontan pathophysiological-associated events requiring unscheduled hospitalization (USH) occurred, and 24 patients died. All the CPX variables predicted the USH and mortality (P < .001-.0001). On multivariate analysis, in addition to use of diuretics (P = .0007) and low cardiac index (P = .0426), peak VO2 independently predicted the USH (hazard ratio: 0.95 per %, 95% confidence interval: 0.91-0.99, P = .014), while for mortality, multivariate analysis revealed that, in addition to heterotaxy syndrome (P = .0128) and year at first Fontan operation (P = .0532), peak VO2 independently predicted mortality (hazard ratio: 0.88 per %, 95% confidence interval: 0.76-0.98, P = .0217). CONCLUSION Fontan patients exhibit markedly impaired CPX variables, and all the major variables, especially peak VO2 , predicted the risk of both morbidity and mortality.
Elasto-inertial turbulence

Turbulence is ubiquitous in nature, yet even for the case of ordinary Newtonian fluids like water, our understanding of this phenomenon is limited. Many liquids of practical importance are more complicated (e.g., blood, polymer melts, paints), however; they exhibit elastic as well as viscous characteristics, and the relation between stress and strain is nonlinear. We demonstrate here for a model system of such complex fluids that at high shear rates, turbulence is not simply modified as previously believed but is suppressed and replaced by a different type of disordered motion, elasto-inertial turbulence. Elasto-inertial turbulence is found to occur at much lower Reynolds numbers than Newtonian turbulence, and the dynamical properties differ significantly. The friction scaling observed coincides with the so-called “maximum drag reduction” asymptote, which is exhibited by a wide range of viscoelastic fluids.
LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE WITH RECYCLED GROUND EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE AGGREGATE

Original scientific paper This article describes the possibilities in using recycled, ground expanded polystyrene (EPS) as aggregate for lightweight concretes as thermal insulation or as a structural concrete. The article presents a rich experience and provides explanation on the benefits of using ground EPS aggregate compared to virgin EPS beads in making lightweight concrete. A reinforced lightweight concrete structure made by SU-styrol – technology is also presented. Although the compressive strength of this lightweight aggregate concrete is six times less than that of ordinary concrete, the deformation (deflection) and the loadbearing capacity of the reinforced slab and that of the Su-styrene reinforced concrete and of the ordinary reinforced concrete slab are the same, which is very interesting. The authors have provided a physical interpretation of this behaviour, with the conclusion that the reinforced SU-styrol lightweight concrete is compatible with steel, unlike ordinary concrete. The authors hope that this paper will be a positive motivation for other researchers to explore this interesting topic.
Commentary on Symptom Management of the Patient with CKD: The Role of Dialysis.

This evidence-based review by Cabrera et al. ([1][1]) examines the effect of timing of dialysis initiation on control of uremic symptoms in patients with advanced CKD. The authors consider the effects of dialysis initiation and its timing on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), malnutrition,
IMPROVING TRANSIENT WITH COMPENSATION LAW

Abstract In the synthesis of tracking control systems, the compensation signal, which is applied in the finite-horizon time, is effective for improving the performance of controlled system. In this paper, a design method of finite-horizon compensation signal and optimal internal state of controller are discussed for stabilized systems. By characterizing the singular-value problem for correspondingly defined Hankel operator, it is shown that the internal state and the compensation signal, which attains favorable transient, is constructively given based on the combination of singular vectors. The strength and the limitation of applying the compensation signal are illustrated with numerical examples.
Opioids and tumour metastasis: does the choice of the anesthetic-analgesic technique influence outcome after cancer surgery?

Purpose of review Cancer is now one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and excisional surgery is an essential treatment for the four most common adult cancers. Opioids remain the most commonly prescribed analgesics in the perioperative period of cancer surgery, yet the question of whether opioids could influence recurrence or metastasis remains unanswered. Recent findings In-vitro cell culture, live animal models, and retrospective clinical reviews investigating the effects of opioids on outcomes after cancer surgery have yielded conflicting results, with findings ranging from deleterious, null to potentially protective effects. Summary Prospective randomized trials are required to investigate this important topic further. Several are currently ongoing. Until the results of these are available for scrutiny, there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend any changes to current clinical practice. Opioids continue to play an important role in the perioperative period.
Response to vaccination against different types of antigens in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

We investigated responses to vaccination against pneumococcal polysaccharide, Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) conjugate and tetanus toxoid antigens in 31 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and 25 controls. While in the control group all antibody responses against different antigens were highly significant, in the patient group clear evidence for responsiveness was detected only in the case of Hib polysaccharide antigen. Certain CLL patient subgroups showed low reactivity against tetanus toxoid antigen. In conclusion, plain polysaccharide vaccines seem to be ineffective in patients with CLL. Conjugate vaccines, in turn, are immunogenic and may offer protection against infections caused by encapsulated bacteria in these patients. Further studies concerning an optimal vaccination scheme and clinical efficiency are warranted.
Injectable contraception.

The most effective, convenient, reversible method of birth control is considered to be long-acting progestogen injections. Used by over 90 countries, Depot medroxy-progesterone acetate (DMPA, Depo-Provera, Upjohn) has yet to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The reluctance of the FDA to approve DMPA and much of the controversy surrounding this method revolve around the results of testing done on animals who were given large doses of the progestogen over a long period of time and developed tumors. However, the large body of research and records on this method that have been compiled over the past 30 years is positive. The injectable method works like oral contraceptives, inhibiting ovulation. Changes in menstruation have been the chief complaint of women who use this method; however, the duration and frequency of spotting and bleeding diminish over time. Other side effects of DMPA and Norethindrone enanthate (NET EN, Noristerat, Schering) are discussed. Also discussed is the history of development and testing for the 2 methods and subdermal implants, specifically Norplant.
Hormone–receptor expression status of epithelial ovarian cancer in Ibadan, South-western Nigeria

Introduction Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that steroid hormones are implicated in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Estrogen receptor (ER) and Progesterone receptor (PR) are prognostic indicators for a number of epithelial tumors and may play the same role in ovarian cancers. This study aims to evaluate the expression of ER and PR in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in an African population and compare it with other prognostic factors such as age, International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, grade and histological subtype. Methods Ninety cases of histologically confirmed EOC were reviewed. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess their ER and PR expression status and was then compared with other demographic variables using statistical methods, with level of significance set at p < 0.05. Results 30.2% and 8.3% of serous and mucinous carcinomas respectively were ER positive while 41.2% and 22.5% of both tumour types were PR positive. One of the two endometrioid carcinomas showed PR expression but neither were positive for ER. The only case of Brenner tumour in the series was ER positive but negative for PR. There was a significant association between ER and the histological subtypes (p = 0.042) while no significant association was found between PR expression and histological subtypes (p = 0.650). No significant association was found between hormone receptor status, age and stage of the EOC. Conclusion The study showed a lower ER expression in serous carcinoma compared to large cohorts from developed countries. Future translational studies could be used to determine response of EOC to endocrine therapy.
Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Normal Serum Thyroglobulin Level

Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels have proven to be a useful marker for following patients with well differentiated thyroid carcinoma in the evaluation of metastatic disease. This is the report of a case of a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma and a normal thyroglobulin level despite diffuse lung metastases shown on a total body scan.
Money is More than Memory

Impersonal exchange is the hallmark of an advanced society and money is one key institution that supports it. Economic theory regards money as a crude arrangement for monitoring counterparts’ past conduct. If so, then a public record of past actions—or memory—should supersede the function performed by money. This intriguing theoretical postulate remains untested. In an experiment, we show that the suggested functional equivalence between money and memory does not translate into an empirical equivalence. Monetary systems perform a richer set of functions than just revealing past behaviors, which are crucial in promoting large-scale cooperation.
Valproate therapy for agitation in dementia: open-label extension of a double-blind trial.

OBJECTIVE The authors describe an open-label extension of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of divalproex sodium in 56 nursing home patients with agitation and dementia. METHODS Participants (N=46) were treated for 6 weeks in an open fashion with clinically optimal doses of divalproex sodium (range: 250 mg/day-1,500 mg/day; mean: 851 mg/day). Behavior was assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI) by new raters. Safety, tolerability, and laboratory data were obtained regularly. RESULTS The mean BPRS Agitation Factor decreased by 3.1 points from baseline; 86% of those completing the open phase were rated as improved on the CGI. These changes were mirrored by changes in other behavior rating scales. Sixty percent of subjects had no side effects; 33% had side effects that were rated as mild. There were no clinically significant changes in laboratory values. CONCLUSION Ongoing open-label treatment with divalproex was associated with improvement in measures of agitation. Doses, levels, and tolerability were similar to those in the blinded phase of the study. These findings help confirm and extend the results from the placebo-controlled phase of the trial and suggest that divalproex may be beneficial for some patients with this clinical problem.