Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Diffusion of Collaborative Justice: The Politics of Learning in the Development of Drug Courts

Abstract We investigate the creation of county-level drug courts in California, Florida, and New York and seek to answer the following questions: (1) what conditions are necessary for the adoption of institutional innovations by the judiciary; and (2) what conditions will encourage or deter the spread of these innovations? We find that preconditions against these alternative approaches can be overcome through the diffusion mechanism of learning and demonstrate that policy diffusion is most important when viewed as having a conditional relationship with institutional and political context. When viewed as a dynamic relationship, we also find that diffusion mechanisms do not operate only in a positive direction and, instead, can work to mitigate or amplify government opposition to changes in judicial approaches.
The Effect of Celebrity Trustworthiness on Endorsement Effectiveness: A Comparison of Congruence and Hybrid Model

The research evaluates the effect of celebrity trustworthiness in creating effective endorsements. The previous research in the field has suggested two competing theories in explaining the influence of celebrity trustworthiness on endorsement effectiveness. This study tries to incorporate this theory for developing a comprehensive model for explaining the effectiveness of celebrity trustworthiness. The article opted cross-validation methodology for evaluating the models. The study selected two advertisements based on a pretest conducted in MG University. The highly recalled female celebrity advertisement formed calibration stage and highly recalled male celebrity advertisement formed validation stage. The calibration stage of the study had 386 respondents and validation stage had 378 respondents. Path analysis, chi-square analysis for model difference and critical ratio analysis for the model difference were employed in the study. The findings of the study suggest that the hybrid model brought statistically significant improvements to the congruence model. The study also found that the trustworthiness was the second highest influencer in case of male celebrity whereas in case of female celebrity, attitude towards brand was second highest influencer. Further the chi-square analysis of group difference showed no significant difference in model among male and female celebrity confirming the robustness of the model.
The Urbanization of Nature in a (Post)Socialist Metropolis: An Urban Political Ecology of Allotment Gardening

Abstract In this article we explore how nature becomes part of the city through the example of allotment gardening in the city of Prague, in the Czech Republic. Prague allotments were established based on an ongoing political-ecological process of urbanization of nature that was locally driven by socialist (from 1948 to 1989) and later neoliberal governance. We employ a situated urban political ecology (UPE) approach to analyse changes in the planning of allotments and the impact thereof on the experience of gardeners. This double focus allows us to uncover the effects of neoliberalization on the processes of production of urban nature in respect of both policy and everyday practice. We contrast contemporary capitalist urbanization with its socialist predecessor by showing the immediate effects of the acceptance of neoliberal modes of governance on allotments, urban nature and the understanding of the city. We open allotments as a terrain for UPE to turn attention to the (uneven) production of urban nature in a post-socialist context that has thus far been largely absent from the UPE literature. We demonstrate that post-socialist urbanization is a fruitful terrain that offers new opportunities to unmask the effects of neoliberalization on the production of uneven urban space and thus improves our understanding of contemporary uneven urbanisms.
Effects of online rumors on attribution of crisis responsibility and attitude toward organization during crisis uncertainty

ABSTRACT This study expands the situational crisis communication theory (SCCT) with rumor theory to examine the influence of online rumors on attribution of organizational crisis responsibility and attitude toward organization during a period of crisis uncertainty. Controlling for crisis issue involvement, findings from a three-group with control online experiment (N = 366) revealed that people tend to believe fact-based rumors more than rumors with subjective claims, leading to greater organizational blame and, consequently, more negative attitudes toward the organization. Findings extend the theoretical premise of rumor as postulated in SCCT with evidence that online rumors pose different levels of crisis attribution and reputational threat to organizations and suggest that organizational responses to fact-based rumors might need to be viewed beyond a victim-type crisis.
Beyond Gender: Reflections on a Contemporary Case of Double Monastery in Orthodox Monasticism—St. John the Baptist Monastery of Essex in England

This paper focuses on the contemporary controversy in the Orthodox Church regarding the non-existence of the monasteries, where monks and nuns cohabit (so-called “double-monasteries”), which were prohibited by the Byzantine legislation and the Seventh Ecumenical Council (Nicea 787). The article attempts to demonstrate that, in spite of the centuries-old prohibition, the Orthodox Monastery of St. John the Baptist is an exceptional contemporary case of such cohabitation: monks and nuns live under the roof of the same monastery, sharing common places and certain activities. Furthermore, the paper envisions a possible accommodation in the monastic vision and practice regarding gender cohabitation in Orthodox monasticism. The research employs the historical-critical method, which is based on literary, archeological, and documentary sources, as well as interviews.
The Relationship of Spirituality, Religiosity and Attitudes toward Lesbians and Gay Men Among Students at a Faith-Based Institution

Research indicates heterosexual students at faith-based universities often hold negative attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women. The factors that can influence these attitudes are complex. This study examines the relationship between attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women, religiosity and spirituality in students who are enrolled in a faith-based institution. A correlation was run to examine the relationship between these variables along with further statistical analyses to gather more information. There is a small positive relationship between higher levels of spirituality and positive attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. There is a medium positive relationship between high levels of religiosity and positive attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. On average, females had more positive attitudes toward both gay men and lesbian women. However, religiosity and spirituality are very low predictors of attitudes toward lesbians and gay men.
Integrating Art Therapy in Schools: a Systematic Literature Review

Art therapy is a method of treatment that involves the mental world of human beings. The purpose of this therapy is to improve the patient's emotional and physical functioning and condition. Art therapy is utilized for emotional and mental problems and as a diagnostic tool. This therapeutic technique is currently common in a wide variety of settings in varied therapeutic and rehabilitative settings such as: educational settings, hospitals and mental health centres. With regard to interventions implemented within schools, the significance and comprehension of art therapy is lacking. The purpose of this study is to identify the variety of interventions that exist in the literature on integration of art therapy in schools. Furthermore, this article will present the methods of evaluation, the results, as well as factors that influence the existence of this intervention. The results of the systematic review might be useful for continuing and expanding the integration of art therapy within schools.
What factors predict the engagement of dropouts in alternative secondary schools in Chile?

Improvement in education has been one of the strategies of the government of Chile to reduce economic inequality. To that end, it recently established a system of Second Opportunity Centers that enroll out-of-school youth who have not completed high school. The system is modeled on so-called alternative schools operating in Europe and the United States. This study reports results on the first survey of students. Questionnaires were completed by a representative sample of 1112 students, drawn from 18 of the Ministry of Education’s 134 Centers. Most of the respondents expressed satisfaction with their program, but there were significant differences between boys and girls, and across centers. Differences are explained by program activities in which students are engaged. Male students were more likely to have dropped out of regular high school because of academic difficulties; they are more likely to be engaged in the centers’ sports activities. Girls were more likely to have left their school because of a family situation. They are more engaged in the centers’ academic activities. The findings suggest how the centers’ program could be made more effective in retaining students to graduation.
The Analysis of Enterprise Risk Management and Earnings Volatility: Moderation of Audit Committee and Audit Quality

This study aims to analyze the impact of enterprise risk management (ERM) implementation on earnings volatility with audit committee effectiveness and audit quality as the moderating variables. The effectiveness of ERM implementation is assessed using a disclosure index developed based on guidance issued by COSO. Earnings volatility is measured using the standard deviation of the firm's net income before extraordinary items, divided by total assets of the company. The effectiveness of the audit committee was assessed using a checklist of audit committee effectiveness criteria, and the auditquality was measured by dummy variables (Big Four and non-Big Four). Data from a sample of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange was collected for the period 2012-2016. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of ERM implementation has a negative associationwith earnings volatility. The effectiveness of the audit committee is found to strengthen the association between the effectiveness of ERM implementation and earnings volatility, but audit quality was found not havinga moderating effect. This research has a practical implication on improving the role of audit quality to complement the oversight function delivered by the audit committee.
Perceptions of pre-service English teachers towards the use of digital badges

ABSTRACT The use of digital badges has become increasingly common in educational settings as an alternative assessment tool, and they are linked with student motivation and integration of gamification elements into learning environments. This study explores the perceptions of pre-service English teachers at a university of the inclusion of digital badges in an LMS used in their face-to-face courses. Seventy-nine prospective English teachers participated in the 14-week study employing a mixed method design in which data were collected through a questionnaire and open-ended questions. Quantitative data analysis suggests that the participants had positive perceptions of the use of digital badges as an integral part of their courses. Content analysis of the qualitative data generated themes demonstrating teacher candidates’ perceptions of digital badges. Overall, the study provides some implications for using digital badges as well as caveats to be taken into account in planning their use.
Examining the Effects of Stress and Age on Neural Reward Processing: Considerations for the Role of Individual Differences in Autonomic Reactivity

Acute stress is unavoidable and may hinder basic reward processing underlying adaptive decision-making. Additionally, older adults may be at an increased risk of poor decision-making after exposure to acute stress due to age-related changes in cognitive and autonomic functioning. The current study assessed the influence of acute stress, autonomic reactivity, and age on a simple behavioral task during fMRI. Specifically, old and young adults completed a basic reward processing paradigm (i.e., where participants received monetary rewards and punishments) after exposure to acute stress (i.e., social evaluative cold pressor) or control procedure between-subjects. In the young group, differential responses for monetary rewards over punishments were observed in executive functioning regions (i.e., dlPFC and dACC), whereas older participants displayed reward-related differential activity in ventral-midline structures commonly associated with emotion processing (e.g., mPFC and ventromedial ACC). Exposure to acute stress significantly reduced differential engagement of the dmPFC and left putamen, an effect driven largely by older adults. Additionally, parasympathetic reactivity (measured via HRV) expressed during acute stress exposure predicted differential activity within these regions; in mPFC, this effect was significantly moderated by age. These findings highlight anatomically distinct patterns of activation underlying reward processing in older versus younger adults and offers preliminary support for the proposal that the aged may be at increased risk for stress-related changes in neural processing of rewards and punishments. Furthermore, parasympathetic reactivity during acute stress may be a viable biomarker for predicting stress-related alterations in fronto-striatal reward processing (particularly in older adults).
Uses and Gratifications of Social Media: Who Uses It and Why?

Social media is built upon user-generated content and interactivity between users. Understanding the users within social media is therefore imperative to understanding how social media itself functions. This chapter explores the users of social media in more detail and asks the two key questions of who uses social media, and why they do so. When looking towards past research for inspiration as a way to understand user interest towards media, the Uses and Gratifications model stands out as a key approach for exploring media uptake. Therefore, the chapter starts by focusing on the Uses and Gratifications framework and how it can be used to explain why individuals are drawn to social media. The framework is then expanded to discuss how individuals’ personal needs, in particular personality, can impact upon such motivations.
Unleashing the Power of Self-Directed Learning: Criteria for Structuring Self-Directed Learning within the Learning Environments of Higher Education Institutions

Abstract Self-directed learning (SDL) has been recognised as an imperative skill for students. To meet the demands in today's educational atmosphere, SDL is indispensable. Numerous higher education institutions (HEIs) have made SDL a part of the curriculum. The main persistence of education for students must be to cultivate the skills of inquiry, and more decisively, to continue obtaining new knowledge effortlessly and skilfully for the rest of their lives. It is no longer practical to outline the persistence of education as conveying what is known; thus, it is imperative for students to continuously scale new heights of knowledge effortlessly and competently. Continuous SDL has been acknowledged as a vital ability for students. This theoretical article deals specifically with criteria on how SDL can be structured within the learning environments of HEIs in order to cultivate and empower students as continuous self-directed students.
Correlation between leadership style and athlete motivation among males and females adolescents

The study was conduct to examine the relationship between the perceive leadership style of the coach and the athlete motivation of SMK Dato’ Lela Pahlawan, Padang Serai Kedah athlete in the age of 13, 14, & 16 years old based on gender. Respondents of the study consisted of athlete (N = 64) representing individual and team sport. The translated version by Balkaran, (2004) of The Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS), (Chelladurai & Saleh, 1980) and the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS), (Pelletier et al., 1995). The LSS version used is the athlete's perceive coach leadership style and the SMS for the intrinsic, extrinsic or amotivation of the athlete. The findings show that there are the order of leadership style of the perceive trainers for motivate the athlete, male had higher level of leadership coaching style training and instruction (r = .573, p <.05) , democracy (r = .544, p <.05) , social support (r = .401, p <.05) and positive feedback behavior (r = .429, p <.05) . Meanwhile female had higher level of leadership coaching style on training and instruction (r = .390, p <.05) and social support (r = .414, p <.05) . In conclusion, the success of an athlete also depends on the approach used by the coach. Therefore, the coach needs to be sensitive to the desire and tendency of the athlete motivation and success.
Designing for transformation – a case study of open learning spaces and educational change

ABSTRACT School building design plays a central role in the creation of learning environments and can therefore support educational change. However, non-architectural elements must also be considered particularly when change is attempted. Material space, pedagogical and organisational practices, staff culture and student milieu are interconnected features influencing a school environment. We use a theoretical framework to study the dynamics between space and teaching and learning in a case study of a UK primary school designed to enable educational transformation. We highlight that the initial school educational intentions are still relatively in place, and the building is generally used successfully. In doing so, we argue for the importance of reaching a balance between the design of learning environments and the educational agenda. Achieving this alignment makes school space a powerful local driver of educational change, while suggesting the difficulties inherent in attempts to use physical alterations to spearhead policy-led transformation.
How the learning context affects adolescents’ goal orientation, effort, and learning strategies

Abstract Research has shown that there are positive associations between students' goals and learning behavior. However, less is known about these associations for adolescent students in competency-based learning compared to adolescent students in teacher-directed learning. The current study was conceptualized with the aim of getting more in-depth information about competency-based learning with a competency matrix based on trait-based scales for students' self-assessment vs. teacher-directed learning. The sample consists of 846 (Mage = 14.06; SD = 0.94) middle adolescent students (8th-9th grades) from secondary schools in Germany. By using latent mean comparison and multigroup structural equation modelling in Mplus, it could be shown that the association between mastery goals and learning behavior is stronger in competency-based learning and performance-approach goals have a positive effect to effort investment. Furthermore, students of competency-based learning report higher values in mastery goals, effort investment and elaboration.
The effects of the class-wide function-related intervention teams on behaviors of an elementary student with autism spectrum disorder in an inclusive classroom in Taiwan

In Taiwan, most students with disabilities receive education in an inclusive setting. Literature has documented the effects of interventions in increasing students’ positive behaviors in inclusive settings, including students with disabilities in Western countries; however, effectiveness of such interventions in an Asian context remains unclear. The Class-Wide Function-Related Intervention Teams (CW-FIT) is one of the interventions that applies reinforcement-based strategies and provides multi-tiered supports to students with various severity of challenging behaviors. This study investigates the effects of CW-FIT Tier I (i.e. class-wide intervention) and Tier II (i.e. self-management) on the on-task and disruptive behaviors of a student with Autism Spectrum Disorder in an inclusive elementary classroom in Taiwan. Across nine weeks of intervention, the researchers used a reversal single-case design A-B-C-B-C to demonstrate experimental control over five phases. In addition, the researchers administered interviews and questionnaires to collect social validity data from the teacher and peers’ perceptions toward the intervention. Findings from this study support that the CW-FIT is an effective intervention in increasing a student’s on-task behaviors and decreasing disruptive behaviors in an inclusive classroom in an Asian context. The effect of implementing multiple tiers of CW-FIT was much more effective than implementing solely Tier I (class-wide intervention). The intervention was also well-received by the general education teacher and students.
New Peak Signal-to-Blur Ratio (PSBR) Algorithm for Performance Evaluation of Image Filters

Peak signal-to-blur ratio (PSBR) is a recently introduced measure of detail preservation that aims at overcoming the limitations of the sole peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and other metrics in evaluating the performance of image denoising filters. Indeed, it is known that image denoising is not a trivial task: the image details should be preserved during noise removal, so accurate measurements of the filtering features are needed in order to validate new filters. This paper presents a novel algorithm for PSBR evaluation that is computationally lighter and more effective than the previous PSBR technique. In particular, the new algorithm does not require any threshold and does not need any offset-correction procedure. Results of computer simulations dealing with images corrupted by Gaussian and impulse noise show that the proposed PSBR yields very accurate measurements and largely outperforms the previous approach and other metrics in the literature. Key-Words: Image filtering, image denoising, Gaussian noise, impulse noise, image quality, PSNR.
Understanding corruption in the lower levels of the Afghan police force

Definitions of police corruption are usually associated with bribery and extortion. Police culture entails internalised and uncodified norms, rules and values that may enhance susceptibility of corruption within a police force. This article provides an empirical study on police corruption within the lower levels of the Afghan police due to the lack of studies conducted with them. Undertaking a social constructivist approach, the aim of the study is to provide the perceptions from Afghan police officers on the causes and practices of police corruption. The findings reveal that the main causes are heavily linked to unprofessionalism, low pay and the lack of controls. Police accountability is low and solidarity appears high. Moreover, patronage and the acceptance of corruption as a means to getting things done are part of social practices engrained in Afghan culture which leads to the practices of biased recruitment, bribery and extortion. In relation to noble cause corruption, there is no sense of mission and the idea of policing, as part of a mandate, has been lost in the Afghan police force. An understanding of police corruption and police culture from the perspective of street-level police officers is relevant to understand the main causes and practices of corruption and mitigate them to restore public faith in the police as a main port of security. This can prevent potential Taliban resurgence by deterring alternative security promoted by the insurgency.