Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trade Openness and Cross‐Country Income Differences

Development accounting literature usually attributes the observed cross-country variation in per capita income to differences in countries' factor endowments and total factor productivity (the Solow residual). While the former can be relatively straightforward interpreted and measured, the latter remains at least partly a black box. In this paper, we provide a structural interpretation for differences in total factor productivity across countries and quantitatively explore the role of trade barriers in explaining cross-country income differences. In particular, we find that giving all countries the same market entry costs or giving all country-pairs the same variable trade costs reduces inequality by around 13%.
Computational method for estimating boundary of abdominal subcutaneous fat for absolute electrical impedance tomography

Abdominal fat accumulation is considered an essential indicator of human health. Electrical impedance tomography has considerable potential for abdominal fat imaging because of the low specific conductivity of human body fat. In this paper, we propose a robust reconstruction method for high‐fidelity conductivity imaging by abstraction of the abdominal cross section using a relatively small number of parameters. Toward this end, we assume homogeneous conductivity in the abdominal subcutaneous fat area and characterize its geometrical shape by parameters defined as the ratio of the distance from the center to boundary of subcutaneous fat to the distance from the center to outer boundary in 64 equiangular directions. To estimate the shape parameters, the sensitivity of the noninvasively measured voltages with respect to the shape parameters is formulated for numerical optimization. Numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. A 3‐dimensional finite element method is used to construct a computer model of the human abdomen. The inverse problems of shape parameters and conductivities are solved concurrently by iterative forward and inverse calculations. As a result, conductivity images are reconstructed with a small systemic error of less than 1% for the estimation of the subcutaneous fat area. A novel method is devised for estimating the boundary of the abdominal subcutaneous fat. The fidelity of the overall reconstructed image to the reference image is significantly improved. The results demonstrate the possibility of realization of an abdominal fat scanner as a low‐cost, radiation‐free medical device.
Immunohistochemical Characterization andSensitivity to HumanAdenovirusSerotypes 3 , 5 , and 11 p of New Cell Lines Derived from Human Diffuse Grade II to IV

BACKGROUND: Oncolyticadenovirusesshowpromise in targetinggliomasbecause theydonot replicate innormalbraincells. However,clinical responsesoccuronly inasubsetofpatients.Oneexplanationcouldbe theheterogenicexpression levelofvirus receptors. Another contributing factor could be variable activity of tumor antiviral defenses in different glioma subtypes. METHODS: We established a collection of primary low-passage cell lines from different glioma subtypes (3 glioblastomas, 3 oligoastrocytomas, and 2 oligodendrogliomas) and assessed them for receptor expression and sensitivity to human adenovirus (HAd) serotypes 3, 5, and 11p. To gauge the impact of antiviral defenses, we also compared the infectivity of the oncolytic adenoviruses in interferon (IFN)-pretreatedcellswith IFN-sensitiveSemliki Forest virus (SFV). RESULTS: Immunostaining revealed generally lowexpressionofHAd5receptorCAR inbothprimary tumorsandderivedcell lines.HAd11preceptorCD46 levelswere maintainedatmoderate levels inbothprimary tumorsamplesandderivedcell lines.HAd3receptorDSG-2wasreduced in thecell linescompared to the tumors.Yet, at equalmultiplicitiesof infection, theoncolyticpotencyofHAd5 in vitro in tumor-derivedcells was comparable to HAd11p, whereas HAd3 lysed fewer cells than either of the other two HAd serotypes in 72 hours. IFN blocked replication of SFV, while HAds were rather unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: Adenovirus receptor levels on glioma-derived cell lines did not correlate with infection efficacy and may not be a relevant indicator of clinical oncolytic potency. Adenovirus receptor analysis should be preferentially performed on biopsies obtained perioperatively. Translational Oncology (2017) 10, 772–779 Address all correspondence to: Minna Niittykoski, Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014, Finland. E-mail: mijoni@gmail.com Received 31 May 2017; Revised 13 July 2017; Accepted 13 July 2017 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Neoplasia Press, Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 1936-5233/17 http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.tranon. 2017.07. 002 Introduction Diffusely infiltrating gliomas consist of WHO grade II to III astrocytic tumors; grade II to III oligodendrogliomas; and the most common form, grade IV glioblastomas [1], which feature a median life expectancy of 15 months with combined chemoand radiotherapy [2]. Advanced gliomas typically feature inactivating Table 1. Characteristics of Glioma Patients Code-Subtype Sex Age WHO Grade Location of Tumor Survival (Months)
Assessment of Macular Function by Microperimetry in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Purpose To evaluate retrospectively macular function by microperimetry (MP) in intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Thirty eyes of 30 patients with intermediate AMD and a visual acuity of 20/32 or better were enrolled in the study. Macular function in patients with intermediate AMD and age-matched control group were carried out with MP1 microperimeter. Mean sensitivity (MS), mean defect (MD) parameters, fixation patterns, and localizations were evaluated. Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison of macular function parameters between the intermediate AMD group and the control group. Results MS was 12.7±2.8 dB and MD was detected as −6.2±2.2 dB in the intermediate AMD group by MP. Fixation patterns were stable in 22 eyes, relatively unstable in 7 eyes, and unstable in 1 eye. Fixation location was predominantly central in 19 eyes, poor central in 5 eyes, and predominantly eccentric in 6 eyes. In the control group MS was 18.0±0.6 dB and MD was −1.9±0.6 dB. When compared with control group, the decrease in MS and the increase in MD were statistically significant in the intermediate AMD group (p=0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). Conclusions Assessment of retinal sensitivity with MP1 microperimeter is a rapid, safe and noninvasive diagnostic method. Early macular function loss in intermediate AMD can be precisely detected by MP1 microperimeter before significant visual impairment is established and it is also useful for demonstrating the shift in the localization and the stability of fixation prior to progression of intermediate AMD to advanced and exudative stage.
Original Contribution CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGIC STUDIES OF NEONATAL ENZOOTIC ATAXIA IN THE GOAT KIDS II. PATHOMORPHOLOGIC STUDIES

The present article describes the pathomorphologic studies of five newborn goats. All of them had shown clinical evidences of ataxia first day after birth. The animals came from different farms located in same village. Pathoanatomy established liquefactive necrosis in the white brain matter of the right hemisphere. In addition, one of them showed inborn dysplasia of the cerebellum, another opacity of the cornea. The basic pathohystologic lesions in the animals were deficiency of myelin and vacuolation of the white matter of the brain and the spinal cord. Other findings were defective formation of the cerebellum, degenerative-necrobiotic changes in the neurons of the ventral horns of the spinal cords and the degenerative-inflammatory changes in the articulations.
Insulin Response to Ingested Protein in Diabetes

The ingestion of protein by normal human subjects has been shown recently to represent a stimulus to the secretion of insulin. This response is probably related to the postprandial rise in plasma amino acid concentration. Since disordered protein synthesis may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications, the insulin response to ingested protein (casein or gelatin, 50-100 gm.) was compared in twenty-eight normals and ten maturity-onset diabetics. Insulin response (microunits-minutes, μU.-min.) was considered to be the area included by that portion of the plasma insulin response curve above projected basal insulin secretion. Following protein ingestion the diabetics showed a mean insulin response (± S.E.M.) of 3,425 ± 367 μU. -min., compared with 1,005 ± 136 in the normals, a 3.4-fold difference (p < 0.01). In neither group were there significant or consistent changes in plasma glucose concentration. The fall in free fatty acids was comparable and no difference was seen in the plasma amino acid nitrogen curves. These data indicate that the insulin response to ingested protein is excessive in diabetes. The mechanism of the hyperresponse would seem to lie within the beta cell since no abnormality of the presumed amino acid stimulus was demonstrated.
Injury to aberrant bile ducts during cholecystectomy: a common cause of diagnostic error and treatment delay.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of injured aberrant bile ducts in a population with complications after cholecystectomy and to determine whether such injury resulted in significant delay in the diagnosis and treatment of bile duct injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cholangiograms of 82 patients who sustained bile duct injury during cholecystectomy were reviewed. Prevalence of aberrant bile duct anatomy in the injured ducts was noted. The time periods from injury to diagnosis and treatment of bile duct leaks in patients with aberrant bile duct anatomy were compared with those in patients with normal anatomy. RESULTS Seventeen percent (14/82) of the patients were found to have aberrant bile duct anatomy. Fifteen percent (12/82) were found to have had an aberrant bile duct involved in the injury. Eleven of the patients had an aberrant bile duct leak, and one patient had an aberrant bile duct clipping injury. The time period required for diagnosis and treatment of a leaking aberrant bile duct was significantly longer (p < .005) than that required for a bile leak in an anatomically normal bile duct. CONCLUSION Aberrant bile ducts are present in a significant number of patients who sustain bile duct injuries during cholecystectomy. Diagnosis of an aberrant bile duct leak may be delayed because of nonfilling of the bile duct during standard cholangiographic techniques. Careful examination of cholangiograms for nonfilling segments and contrast material injection of biloma drains and T tubes may shorten the time to definitive treatment for this group of patients.
Masculinity-Femininity and Perceptual Style on the Circles Test

In relation to the open perceptual style characteristics a classification of responses to the Torrance's Circles Test provided a measure of psychosexual identification. To the initial stimulus inner-spaced and outer-spaced responses can be interpreted as feminine and masculine styles of information processing. The observations were validated by the Mf scale of the MMPI. Masculine women gave fewer inner-space responses than masculine men, and feminine men gave more inner-space responses than feminine women.
The Impact of Manager Likeability on Sales Performance

This research examines whether it is important if salespeople like their manager. Little is known about the outcomes of manager likeability as perceived by the salesperson. This study introduces manager likeability and investigates its impact on salesperson performance. Drawing on interpersonal attraction and relational identification theory, we show that relational identification is the process by which manager likeability impacts performance. We demonstrate that in addition to driving performance via relational identification, manager likeability strengthens the effect identification has on salesperson performance. Additional analysis indicates that salesperson knowledge mediates the relationship between identification and performance. The study also has managerial implications for the recruiting, training, and development of sales managers.
Online Social Networks - An interface requirements analysis

Online Social Networking (OSN) Sites are virtual places that cater to a specific population in which people of similar interest gather to communicate, share and discuss ideas. Many researchers have studied the effects of these networks and most have inferred that they foster relationship building and communications among those involved. This research is a study aimed at identifying the interface features most desired by users of well known Online Social Network (OSN's). The authors have undertaken an Empirical. Investigation from two demographic subsets of people from United Arab Emirates. The outcome of this study could be of importance to the design of innovative Online Social Networks
Will MOOCs transform learning and teaching in higher education? Engagement and course retention in online learning provision

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have been the subject of much polarised debate around their potential to transform higher education in terms of opening access. Although MOOCs have been attracting large learner cohorts, concerns have emerged from the early evidence base centring upon issues of quality in learning and teaching provision, and there is clear evidence that impressive headline figures on MOOC enrolments often contrast with extremely low course completion rates. To address these concerns of quality, low retention and the need for engagement, this paper provides a review and case study of MOOC provision. The review considers the current position of MOOCs as a change agent for higher education provision, and the case study considers lessons learnt from an Astronomy MOOC which uses the Open2Study platform. This paper asks about new engagement strategies needed for face-to-face and online learners, and explores how course retention can be improved in online provision.
The Simulation Standard Single Event Gate Rupture ( SEGR ) Simulations in Vertical Planar Power MOSFETs

Introduction Power MOSFETs exposed to particle-rich, space-like or terrestrial, environment, can exhibit Single Event Gate Rupture (SEGR) and Single Event Burnout (SEB). The use of power devices as high power solid state switches for the electric and hybrid car manufacturers, has generated new non-military, and non-space interest power device failure modes. A SEGR event is one such failure mode and the simulation of such an event is the subject of this article.
Modern Public Enterprises: Organisational Innovation and Productivity

In advanced economies, state-owned enterprises play an important role in sectors of general interest such as energy and water supply. The conditions under which they operate have changed fundamentally since 1998, with new strategies required for firms to preserve market shares in the face of liberalisation and technological innovation. This paper investigates the productivity effect of three strategies in new public management: corporatisation, outsourcing, and partial privatisation. Firm-level productivity is estimated from production data using a control function approach. As most of the firms are typically multiproduct firms, we suggest a method for modelling differences in the product mix and to account for heterogeneous production environments. Using a newly constructed and unique dataset from the German Federal Statistical Office, we find that outsourcing and corporatisation positively impact productivity, while partial privatisation does not increase productivity.
Resistance of the Male Gonad to a High Galactose Diet

Summary: Rats were fed a 50% galactose diet during pregnancy and nursing, and the testes were later examined and hormone levels determined in male offspring. Exposure to galactose for various periods during pregnancy, throughout the entire gestation, or postnatally to nursing mother until pups were 5 wk of age produced no significant differences from control testicular weight, seminiferous tubular diameter, or microscopic appearance of the testis when the offspring became adult (66 or 127 d). Serum leoteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and testosterone levels were determined 127 d postnatally and no significant differences from controls were observed in any of the treatment groups. Blood galactose-1-phosphate levels in animals receiving the 50% galactose diet were comparable to levels observed in human galactosemia. The resistance of the rat testis to a high galactose diet is consistent with the infrequency of testicular insufficiency in human galactosemia, and contrasts with the prenatal female gonadal sensitivity to galactose previously demonstrated in the rat and the high frequency of ovarian failure in human galactosemia.
Walsh Hadamard transform based transceiver design for SC-FDMA with discrete wavelet transform

This article proposes a new transceiver design for Single carrier frequency division multiple access (SCFDMA) system based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT). SCFDMA offers almost same structure as Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) with extra advantage of low Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Moreover, this article also suggests the application of Walsh Hadamard transform (WHT) for linear precoding (LP) to improve the PAPR performance of the system. Supremacy of the proposed transceiver over conventional Fast Fourier transform (FFT) based SCFDMA is shown through simulated results in terms of PAPR, spectral efficiency (SE) and bit error rate (BER).
Posttraumatic stress disorder among military returnees from Afghanistan and Iraq.

Mr. K, a 38-year-old National Guard soldier, was assessed in an outpatient psychiatric clinic several months after he returned home from a 12-month deployment to the Sunni Triangle in Iraq, where he had his first exposure to combat in his 10 years of National Guard duty. Before deployment, he worked successfully as an automobile salesman, was a happily married father with children ages 10 and 12 years, and was socially outgoing with a large circle of friends and active in civic and church activities. While in Iraq, he had extensive combat exposure. His platoon was heavily shelled and was ambushed on many occasions, often resulting in death or injury to his buddies. He was a passenger on patrols and convoys in which roadside bombs destroyed vehicles and wounded or killed people with whom he had become close. He was aware that he had killed a number of enemy combatants, and he feared that he may also have been responsible for the deaths of civilian bystanders. He blamed himself for being unable to prevent the death of his best friend, who was shot by a sniper. When asked about the worst moment during his deployment, he readily stated that it occurred when he was unable to intercede, but only to watch helplessly, while a small group of Iraqi women and children were killed in the crossfire during a particularly bloody assault.
The Effect of Employee Engagement

The result of this research work help to make clear the relationship between employee engagement with factor influence engagement and organizational performance. In addition, it help to promotes the management system which possessing to build trusts, creating conditions of empowerment and managing team learning of which are critical to employee engagement. It also serves as a source of reference for further studies on related area.
Influence of race, insurance, socioeconomic status, and hospital type on receipt of guideline-concordant adjuvant systemic therapy for locoregional breast cancers.

PURPOSE For breast cancer, guidelines direct the delivery of adjuvant systemic therapy on the basis of lymph node status, histology, tumor size, grade, and hormonal receptor status. We explored how race/ethnicity, insurance, census tract-level poverty and education, and hospital Commission on Cancer (CoC) status were associated with the receipt of guideline-concordant adjuvant systemic therapy. METHODS Locoregional breast cancers diagnosed in 2004 (n = 6,734) were from the National Program of Cancer Registries-funded seven-state Patterns of Care study of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Predictors of guideline-concordant (receiving/not receiving) adjuvant systemic therapy, according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines, were explored by logistic regression. RESULTS Overall, 35% of women received nonguideline chemotherapy, 12% received nonguideline regimens, and 20% received nonguideline hormonal therapy. Significant predictors of nonguideline chemotherapy included Medicaid insurance (odds ratio [OR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.86), high-poverty areas (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.96), and treatment at non-CoC hospitals (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.85), with adjustment for age, registry, and clinical variables. Predictors of nonguideline regimens among chemotherapy recipients included lack of insurance (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.92), high-poverty areas (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.97), and low-education areas (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.89) after adjustment. Living in high-poverty areas (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.96) and treatment at non-CoC hospitals (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.83) predicted nonguideline hormonal therapy after adjustment. ORs for poverty, education, and insurance were attenuated in the full models. CONCLUSION Sociodemographic and hospital factors are associated with guideline-concordant use of systemic therapy for breast cancer. The identification of modifiable factors that lead to nonguideline treatment may reduce disparities in breast cancer survival.
A new hybrid recurrent neural network

A new hybrid type of recurrent neural network is reported in this paper. Unlike those of the general recurrent neural networks, the activation functions of its hidden neurons are chosen to be Gaussian functions. The performance of this hybrid network for nonlinear nonstationary time series prediction is tested. Two popular time series produced by the Mackey-Glass equation and the Lorenz equation are used in the simulation.
Influence of dietary fiber on xylanolytic and cellulolytic bacteria of adult pigs

Xylanolytic and cellulolytic bacteria were enumerated over an 86-day period from fecal samples of 10 8-month-old gilts that were fed either a control or a 40% alfalfa meal (high-fiber) diet. Fecal samples were collected from all pigs on days 0, 3, 5, 12, 25, 37, 58, and 86. Overall, the numbers of xylanolytic bacteria producing greater than 5-mm-diameter zones of clearing on 0.24% xylan roll tube medium after 24 to 36 h of incubation were 1.6 X 10(8) and 4.2 X 10(8)/g (dry weight) of feces for the control pigs and those fed the high-fiber diet, respectively. After 1 week of incubation, a large number of smaller zones of clearing (1 to 2 mm) appeared. Besides Bacteroides succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, which produced faint zones of clearing in xylan roll tubes, three strains which closely resembled B. ruminicola hydrolyzed and used xylan for growth. The overall numbers of cellulolytic bacteria producing zones of clearing in 0.5% agar roll tube medium were 0.36 X 10(8) and 4.1 X 10(8)/g for the control pigs and those fed the high-fiber diet, respectively. B. succinogenes was the predominant cellulolytic isolate from both groups of pigs, and R. flavefaciens was found in a ratio of approximately 1 to 15 with B. succinogenes. Degradation of xylan and cellulose, measured by in vitro dry matter disappearance after inoculation with fecal samples, was significantly greater for pigs fed the high-fiber diet than that for the controls. These data suggest that the number of fibrolytic microorganisms and their activity in the large intestine of the adult pig can be increased by feeding pigs high-alfalfa-fiber diets and that these organisms are similar to those found in the rumen.