Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Intersection of Safety and Adherence: New Incretin‐Based Therapies in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

One of the challenges facing health care providers in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is maintaining the balance between achieving hemoglobin A1c targets while simultaneously minimizing adverse events—most notably hypoglycemia and weight gain—that may negatively affect adherence to therapy and thus treatment outcomes. Incretin‐based treatments, such as glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1)‐receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors, are the newest class of therapies for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes. Data from clinical trials in which liraglutide, exenatide, saxagliptin, or sitagliptin were employed as monotherapy or added to ongoing antidiabetic treatment indicate that the incretin‐based therapies have very low risk for the development of hypoglycemia and either decrease body weight (GLP‐1‐receptor agonists) or are weight neutral (DPP‐4 inhibitors). Decreased risk for hypoglycemia and weight gain may improve adherence. Avoiding weight gain, which is commonly associated with older oral antidiabetic agents and some insulins, also has the potential to decrease the risk for cardiovascular disease. Future pharmacoeconomic studies may demonstrate translation of these benefits into good cost‐effectiveness for these therapies.
Exploration of the Gap between Business Management Curriculum and Employability Requirements: A Study of Curriculum Designers and Recruiters' Perceptions

Abstract – This paper aims to explore the perceptions of curriculum designers and recruiters toward why the gap exists between business management curriculum at university and employability requirements of banking industry in Cambodia. Qualitative approach with specific design of exploratory case study was employed to investigate the problem. Data was extracted from documents, observations and structure interviews with 6 respondents (2 curriculum designers, 4 recruiters). Data was classified into categories (1) perception of curriculum designers and (2) perception of recruiters, and directly analyzed followed a model of Creswell (2007). This study identified the gap exists due to four main factors (1) loose enforcement of educational policy and law on nurturing relationship between university and industry in developing curriculum, (2) misperception among university and industry toward skills development, (3) scarcity of resources in implementing business management curriculum, and (4) information gap between university and industry to develop and update business management curriculum. With such obvious evidences, several implications and suggestions have been made to the government, line ministries, universities, industries and students for further study of business management curriculum and its challenges so that they can design compatible curriculum to develop knowledge and skills for the national, regional and global skill standards. Key Words: Gap, Business Management Curriculum, Employability Requirement, Industry
Analysis and Lessons Learned Instituting an Instant Messaging Reference Service at an Academic Health Sciences Library

Abstract In February 2006, Thomas Jefferson University went live with a new instant messaging (IM) service. This paper reviews the first 102 transcripts to examine question types and usage patterns. In addition, the paper highlights lessons learned in instituting the service. IM reference represents a small proportion of reference questions, but based on user feedback and technological improvements, the library has decided to continue the service.
Merger Performance and Efficiencies in Horizontal Merger Policy in the US and the EU

In current horizontal merger policy in the US and the EU an explicit efficiency defense is allowed. On both sides of the Atlantic mergers are unconditionally approved if internal efficiencies are sufficient to reverse the mergers’ potential to harm consumers in the relevant market. Current merger policy is implicitly based on the assumption that rational managers will only propose privately profitable mergers. In this thesis I will show that the empirical evidence on merger performance suggests that this assumption can’t be sustained. Managers do propose uneconomic mergers, motivated by non-wealth maximizing behavior. To tackle this problem I argue that efficiencies should not only be used as an efficiency defense, but efficiencies should work both ways. To avoid type I and type II errors the competition authorities in the US and the EU should undertake a sequential efficiency test in their assessment of specific mergers.
Synchronized Submanifold Embedding for Robust and Real-Time Capable Head Pose Detection Based on Range Images

Automatic head pose estimation plays an important part in the development of human machine interfaces. This paper proposes a fast and frugal method for accurate and person-independent head pose estimation Based on range images. Head pose estimation is treated as a nonlinear regression problem and addressed with Synchronized Sub manifold Embedding (SSE). The offline training step exploits the local linear structure of label and feature space for a cross-wise synchronization of pose samples from different subjects. Based on this, multiclass Linear Discriminant Analysis (M-LDA) identifies a dimensionality-reducing linear projection, which diminishes non head pose related information. New samples are then projected into this lower dimensional feature space and classified Based on training samples within their local neighborhood. In case of sequential data, the occurrence of outliers can be reduced using a reasonable preselection of neighborhood candidates Based on tracking of pose changes. The experimental results on a publicly available dataBase prove, that the proposed algorithm can handle a large range of pose changes and outperforms existing methods in accuracy.
Hydroxyapatite Implant Wrapping Materials: Analysis of Fibrovascular Ingrowth in an Animal Model

Purpose To compare the influence of seven currently available spherical orbital implant wraps on host fibrovascularization of a hydroxyapatite (HA) orbital implant. Methods Five groups of 3 (15 total) adult male New Zealand albino rabbits underwent enucleation with placement of a 12-mm HA implant wrapped in high-porosity expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE), processed bovine pericardium, or processed human pericardium, sclera, or fascia lata. Magnetic resonance imaging before and after the intravenous administration of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA, 0.1 mol/kg) was performed immediately before exenteration. Five rabbits (one with each of the different implant wraps) were killed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and the operated socket was exenterated. Histopathologic sections of the implants were then compared with the results of our previous study using polyglactin 910 mesh and autologous sclera as HA orbital implant wraps. Results Complete fibrovascularization of all the implants occurred by 12 weeks; however, HA implants wrapped with sclera, polyglactin mesh, and e-PTFE appeared to undergo more rapid fibrovascularization than spheres wrapped with other materials. Conclusions Although all of the implant wraps studied may be suitable substitutes for donor sclera, we prefer polyglactin mesh because it is readily available, inexpensive, and without risk of transmissible diseases.
The Internationalization of Italian Production and Industrial Districts: An Analysis of Investment

Using data from Ufficio italiano dei cambi for the period 1997-2001, the study analyses the distribution of foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows by sector and local area of origin. It tries to identify which local industrial structures determine a larger propensity to invest abroad, focusing especially on the role of "industrial districts. " Controlling for a set of variables, we do not find any evidence that the presence of districts has a positive impact on FDI, contrary to what happens for exports. FDI outflows are mainly generated from large firms in capital-intensive industries. Beyond contributing to the literature on industrial districts, the results help understanding why Italy's FDI on GDP ratio is lower than in other advanced economies.
NBTI 5463 is a novel bacterial type II topoisomerase inhibitor with Gram-6 negative antibacterial activity and in vivo efficacy

30 The need for new antibiotics that address serious Gram-negative infections is well recognized. 31 Our effort in a series of novel bacterial type II topoisomerase inhibitors (designated as NBTIs) led 32 to the discovery of NBTI 5463, an agent with improved Gram-negative activity over other 33 NBTIs, in particular against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (F. Reck et al., submitted for publication). 34 In the present work, NBTI 5463 demonstrated promising activity against a broad range of Gram35 negative pathogens. In contrast to fluoroquinolones, the compound did not form a double-strand 36 DNA cleavable complex with E. coli DNA gyrase and DNA, but was a potent inhibitor of both 37 DNA gyrase and E. coli topoisomerase IV catalytic activities. In studies with P. aeruginosa, 38 NBTI 5463 was bactericidal. Resistant mutants arose at a low rate, and the mutations were found 39 exclusively in the nfxB gene, a regulator of the MexCD-OprJ efflux system. Levofloxacin 40 selected resistance mutations in GyrA did not result in decreased susceptibility to NBTI 5463. 41 Animal infection studies demonstrated that NBTI 5463 was efficacious in mouse models of lung, 42 thigh and ascending urinary tract infections. 43
Acquirers' Abnormal Returns, Audit Firm Size, and the Small Auditor Clientele Effect

I analyze the effect of auditor choice on acquirers' market values around merger announcements and the factors affecting the interaction between auditor size and the market reaction to the merger announcements. Surprisingly, I find that acquirers audited by the largest accounting firms significantly under-perform those audited by smaller firms at merger announcements. The results indicate that the clients of the major firms under-perform the clients of the smaller firms significantly more at merger announcements if the targets are privately-held companies. There is also some indication that the small audit firm effect is more pronounced as the likelihood that the auditors play a prominent advising role in the merger process increases. These effects are significantly stronger in cash acquisitions as opposed to stock swaps and are robust to controlling for the usual factors affecting the market reaction to merger announcements and potential self-selection biases. While the major auditing firms are usually assumed to offer better services than the smaller ones, the study suggests that small audit firms have a comparative advantage in serving their clientele. The study also has implications for the small audit firms' arguments for an exemption of their merger consulting activities from the provision of Section 201 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act that prohibits auditing firms from providing clients "appraisals, valuations and fairness opinions. "
PENGARUH PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN

The increase and decrease in profitability is not as expected by the company. One activity that can increase the profitability of the company is to implement Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). CSR activities of the company will enhance the company image in the eyes of society, which indirectly will attract people to use the company's products, thus increasing the profitability of the company. The author conducted research on the cement industry company operating in Indonesia and took samples using purposive sampling technique. Samples were taken in cement industry’s company that controls the domestic market share and is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The research method used is descriptive research method that is explained (explanatory research) and associative methods in which the relationship is a causal relationship posed (causality). The results using simple linear regression analysis showed positive and significant between the disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on corporate profitability measured by ROA and NPM. So with the disclosure of CSR can influence and improve the profitability of the company. The study authors in line with previous research conducted by Selvia (2009), that the existence of a significant effect between the applications of CSR to the level of corporate profits as measured by ROI.
Identification of Mycobacterium marinum 65 kD heat shock protein gene by polymerase chain reaction restriction analysis from lesions of swimming pool granuloma.

BACKGROUND Nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) had been reported to cause cutaneous infections which are difficult to interpret due to the variability of the clinical manifestations. Among NTM infections, Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) are mostly seen to cause skin infection. It is therefore important to establish a rapid approach for detection and identification of M. marinum from lesions of patients with suspected M. marinum infections. METHODS Specimens were obtained from 5 patients with swimming pool granuloma. DNA was extracted and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed. PCR products were digested with Hae III and BstE II, then analysed by pattern restriction analysis to detect heat shock protein (hsp) 65 kD gene. RESULTS The 65 kD hsp gene was found in all specimens from patients with swimming pool granuloma. PCR restriction analysis (PRA) identified all 5 samples to be M. marinum infections, and the result was consistent with that of routine bacteriological identification. The lesions subsided or markedly improved upon treatment. CONCLUSIONS PRA is a sensitive, specific and rapid method in identification of mycobacteria. Application of this method will be helpful for early diagnosis of mycobacterial skin infections.
Subtypes of social phobia in adolescents

Thirty‐three social phobic adolescents were asked to name their ten most feared social situations. Two independent judges classified each situation reported by the participants into one of four situational domains: formal speaking/interactions, informal speaking/interactions, observation by others, and assertion. Fifteen participants (45.5%) were assigned a generalized subtype of social phobia because they endorsed at least moderate anxiety in all four situational domains. This subgroup scored higher on self‐report measures of anxiety and depression than the rest of the sample. These results provide empirical support for the existence of subtypes of social phobia in adolescents. Depression and Anxiety 9:15–18, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of practical snake vehicle: articulated body mobile robot KR-II

The characteristics and the applications of the articulated body mobile robot, 'Koryu (KR)', a mobile robot with a new style of articulated body is identified, and the construction of the newly developed 'Koryu-II (KR-II)' is discussed. KR-II takes the form of seven linked articulations and its total length is 3.3 m, and its total weight is 350 kg. KR-II introduces new mechanisms and control systems such as: easily detachable unified segments; self-contained driving system with wireless control; traction wheels attached on one side of the segment; long stroke vertical prismatic joint to cope with a steep inclination; robot hand driven by the coordination control of the body articulation; force sensor based on photodetective technology; and an analog bus system to simplify the electrical installation. Finally, the paper describes KR-II's fundamental results of experimental trials, to show the validity of it as a robot to move and operate in an unstructured environment. <<ETX>>
Understanding patents: The role Of R&D funding sources and the patent office

This paper analyzes the effects of different sources of R&D funding and patent office attributes on the patenting process. Another important contribution is modeling the effect of a random delay in the 'pendency' time as a stochastic process and quantifying its effect on patenting. The empirical estimation is based on four major industries - electronics, chemical and biology, transportation and aeronautics - for the time period 1976-1998. The primary results are: First, the source of R&D funding as well as performer (academic, federal and industry) has a differential effect on patenting. Second, the effects of some types of R&D and spillovers are different post-1990. Third, in the short run patenting is heavily influenced by patent office attributes. The state level analysis sheds light on the differing role of the federal government as an R&D performed and as a source of R&D funds for industry. The results contribute to a better understanding of the shortcomings in the formulation of science indicators.
External Auditor's Assessment of the Internal Audit Function in the Light of Implementation of the International Standard on Auditing No. (610): Analytical Study from the Point of View of the External and Internal Auditors in Jordan

The study aims at examining to what extent the external auditor applies the International Standard on Auditing (ISA) No. (610) when considering assessment of an internal audit function from the external and internal auditors' points of view. The study also examines the differences in the implementation of ISA No. (610) with relation to the differences in personal characteristics of external auditor, and identify the relative importance of the criteria mentioned in ISA No. (610). To achieve the objectives of the study, specially designed questionnaires were distributed to samples of external and internal auditors. Descriptive and nonparametric statistics were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The results of the study indicate that there are significant differences between the external and internal auditors’ opinions regarding the extent to which that external auditor applies the ISA No. (610) when assessing the internal audit function. It appears that the implementation extent was higher than the average from the external auditors' point of view, whereas, the implementation extent was less than the average from the internal auditors' point of view. The results indicate that there are no differences in the implementation of international audit ISA No. (610) related to the differences in personal characteristics of the external auditors (qualification, major and experience). Additionally, the findings of the study show that there are no significant differences between the external and internal auditors’ opinions regarding the relative importance of the criteria that ISA No. (610) assigned to assess the internal audit function. The criterion which the study found to be most significant was organizational position. The study concluded by many recommendations including the enhancement of the extent of implementation of ISA No. (610) and clarifying the relationship between external and internal auditors and the scope of cooperation between them. The researchers recommend also giving more attention to the value of internal auditing in Jordanian companies.
Pulmonary Artery Relative Area Change Detects Mild Elevations in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance and Predicts Adverse Outcome in Pulmonary Hypertension

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical use of magnetic resonance imaging measurements related to pulmonary artery stiffness in the evaluation of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Materials and MethodsA total of 134 patients with suspected PH underwent right heart catheterization (RHC) and magnetic resonance imaging on a 1.5-T scanner within 2 days. Phase contrast imaging at the pulmonary artery trunk and cine cardiac views were acquired. Pulmonary artery area change (AC), relative AC (RAC), compliance (AC/pulse pressure from RHC), distensibility (RAC/pulse pressure from RHC), right ventricular functional indices, and right ventricular mass were all derived. Regression curve fitting identified the statistical model of best fit between RHC measurements and pulmonary artery stiffness indices. The diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of noninvasive AC and RAC were also assessed. ResultsThe relationship between pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery RAC was best reflected by an inverse linear model. Patients with mild elevation in pulmonary vascular resistance (<4 Woods units) demonstrated reduced RAC (P = 0.02) and increased right ventricular mass index (P < 0.0001) without significant loss of right ventricular function (P = 0.17). At follow-up of 0 to 40 months, 18 patients with PH had died (16%). Analysis of Kaplan-Meier plots showed that both AC and RAC predicted mortality (log-rank test, P = 0.046 and P = 0.012, respectively). Area change and RAC were also predictors of mortality using univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis (P = 0.046 and P = 0.03, respectively). ConclusionsNoninvasive assessment of pulmonary artery RAC is a marker sensitive to early increased vascular resistance in PH and is a predictor of adverse outcome.
Centrifugal directional bias in the middle temporal visual area (MT) of the macaque

Abstract We have examined the distribution of preferred directions of motion for neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT) of the macaque. We found a marked anisotropy favoring directions that are oriented away from the center of gaze. This anisotropy is present only among neurons with peripherally located receptive fields. This peripheral centrifugal directionality bias corresponds well to the biased distribution of motions characteristic of optic flow fields, which are generated by displacement of the visual world during forward locomotion. The bias may facilitate the processing of this common form of visual stimulation and could underlie previously observed perceptual anisotropies favoring centrifugal motion. We suggest that the bias could arise from exposure of modifiable cortical circuitry to a naturally occurring form of selective visual experience.
Precision measurement of the neutron spin asymmetries and spin-dependent structure functions in the valence quark region

We report on measurements of the neutron spin asymmetries $A_{1,2}^n$ and polarized structure functions $g_{1,2}^n$ at three kinematics in the deep inelastic region, with $x=0.33$, 0.47 and 0.60 and $Q^2=2.7$, 3.5 and 4.8 (GeV/c)$^2$, respectively. These measurements were performed using a 5.7 GeV longitudinally-polarized electron beam and a polarized $^3$He target. The results for $A_1^n$ and $g_1^n$ at $x=0.33$ are consistent with previous world data and, at the two higher $x$ points, have improved the precision of the world data by about an order of magnitude. The new $A_1^n$ data show a zero crossing around $x=0.47$ and the value at $x=0.60$ is significantly positive. These results agree with a next-to-leading order QCD analysis of previous world data. The trend of data at high $x$ agrees with constituent quark model predictions but disagrees with that from leading-order perturbative QCD (pQCD) assuming hadron helicity conservation. Results for $A_2^n$ and $g_2^n$ have a precision comparable to the best world data in this kinematic region. Combined with previous world data, the moment $d_2^n$ was evaluated and the new result has improved the precision of this quantity by about a factor of two. When combined with the world proton data, polarized quark distribution functions were extracted from the new $g_1^n/F_1^n$ values based on the quark parton model. While results for $\Delta u/u$ agree well with predictions from various models, results for $\Delta d/d$ disagree with the leading-order pQCD prediction when hadron helicity conservation is imposed.