Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human nephron number, hypertension, and renal pathology

Recent studies have reported that total nephron number varies widely in human kidneys and some racial groups with low nephron number have a higher incidence of hypertension and kidney disease. Importantly, nephrogenesis normally reaches completion at about 34–36 weeks gestation, with no new nephrons formed for the lifetime in humans after this time. Although the loss of glomeruli varies among individuals due to aging, blood pressure, or additional inducers of kidney injury, much of the variation in nephron number is nowadays thought to be present at birth. According to the hyperfiltration hypothesis, this subsequent nephron loss results in compensatory hyperfiltration and/or hypertension of remaining glomeruli, thereby contributing to increased susceptibility to systemic hypertension. However, recent studies have suggested that the association between a low nephron number and systemic hypertension is not a universal finding. In most studies to date, nephron counts were performed on kidneys obtained at autopsy. Several recent studies have attempted to estimate nephron number in living human subjects, but further work is required to obtain accurate and precise estimates of nephron number using these noninvasive methods. Longitudinal studies in living humans have the potential to reveal associations between nephron number and hypertension/renal pathology.
Internet of Things – Evolution, Architecture and Real Time Application- Survey

The reason behind all the physical objects linked to the internet in the interactive word is only the internet of things. It allows easy access of all the physical things thus reducing the human effort or with no effect. It outspreads the connectivity beyond the commonly used devices such as desktop, personal computer to the various and different range of device such as sensor which is one of the embedded technologies and thereby allow them to communicate and interact with the external environment through internet. Internet of Things is established in numerous field such as medicine, power, gene therapies, smart cities, smart homes. This paper contains architecture of Internet of Things and its various applications.
Digital Filters for Phasor Measurement Units: Design Criteria, Advantages and Limitations

The synchrophasor estimation model suggested in Annex D of the IEEE/IEC Standard 60255-118-1:2018 is based on the direct frequency down-conversion of 50-Hz or 60-Hz AC signals followed by two low-pass filters in parallel: one for the inphase component and the other for the quadrature component, respectively. However, the filter specifications reported in the Standard rely on the rather optimistic and questionable assumption that dynamic fluctuations and steady-state disturbances are mutually exclusive. This paper instead, after a critical review of such specifications, provides more conservative criteria for filter design and reports the results obtained with two minimum-order equiripple FIR filters conceived for Class P and Class M applications, respectively. Several simulation results show that, even if the proposed filter-based estimators exhibit worse accuracy than another state-of-the-art dynamic estimator in the individual testing conditions reported in the IEEE/IEC Standard, TVE compliance is met in any case and with a lower computational burden. Moreover, and more importantly, the estimation accuracy achievable by using suitable filters can be kept under tight control even under the combined effect of multiple steady-state and dynamic fluctuations.
Transbronchial Cryobiopsy in Interstitial Lung Disease

Background: Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBCB) plays an increasing role in the evaluation of diffuse parenchymal lung disease with acceptable diagnostic yield and safety profile compared with that of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical lung biopsy on most reports. However, published outcomes with regard to safety and complication rates vary. We aim to determine the safety profile of TBCB when performed using a standardized protocol consistent with recently published expert guidelines. Materials and Methods: We reviewed prospectively maintained databases from 5 Australian tertiary referral centers. The procedures were performed in accordance with a recent expert statement recommending standardization of TBCB procedures, in particular with fluoroscopy, a secured airway, and prophylactic bronchial blockers. Periprocedural complications were assessed along with clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 121 patients underwent TBCB between August 2013 and August 2017 following a standardized protocol using general anesthesia. Of them, 84 patients (66.7%) were discharged on the day of the procedure. Pneumothorax occurred in 18 patients (14.9%), 13 (10.7%) of whom required chest tube drainage. Moderate bleeding occurred in 15 patients (13.2%) and severe bleeding in 1 (0.83%). Histopathologic diagnosis was made in 80 patients (66.1%). Conclusion: Pooled outcomes from Australian tertiary centers indicate that TBCB is safe when performed in a protocolized fashion. Active measures to anticipate and manage bleeding and to direct biopsy position result in low rates of major complications.
Stem‐cell–based therapies to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration

Peripheral nerve injury remains a major cause of morbidity in trauma patients. Despite advances in microsurgical techniques and improved understanding of nerve regeneration, obtaining satisfactory outcomes after peripheral nerve injury remains a difficult clinical problem. There is a growing body of evidence in preclinical animal studies demonstrating the supportive role of stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. The characteristics of both mesoderm‐derived and ectoderm‐derived stem cell types and their role in peripheral nerve regeneration are discussed, specifically focusing on the presentation of both foundational laboratory studies and translational applications. The current state of clinical translation is presented, with an emphasis on both ethical considerations of using stems cells in humans and current governmental regulatory policies. Current advancements in cell‐based therapies represent a promising future with regard to supporting nerve regeneration and achieving significant functional recovery after debilitating nerve injuries.
Introduction to the Formation of the Basic Structure of the Algorithm for the Control of Electric Energy Flows in Iron Ore Mines

The purpose of this work is to develop formalized procedures for determining baseline indicators for electricity consumption for underground iron ore enterprises. Scientific novelty consists in the implementation of methods of economic-statistical analysis to the practice of formalizing the indicators of the level of electricity consumption. The lack of universality reflects the feasibility of constructing regression models for each iron ore enterprises. The proposed methods allow us to form a system of indicators for determining the levels of electricity consumption by iron ore enterprises. Recommendations are offered according to each enterprise individually, in relation to the formation of effective management actions on electric consumption.
Serotonergic system may be involved in alterations of sleep homeostasis in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Hypertension is associated with sleep disorders. Spontaneously hypertensive rats are derived from Wistar‐Kyoto rats and widely used in research on hypertension. The present study investigated the propensity to sleep and electroencephalographic spectrum changes over 24 hr in spontaneously hypertensive rats, and proposed the involvement of the serotonergic system in these alterations. Time‐course analysis showed that spontaneously hypertensive rats exhibit hyperarousal during the light phase but hypersomnia during the dark phase. Spontaneously hypertensive rats also exhibited less slight fluctuation in electroencephalographic delta power density over 24 hr as compared with Wistar‐Kyoto rats, suggesting that the accumulation or elimination of sleep pressure was disrupted. Sleep deprivation disrupted the regulation of sleep homeostasis in spontaneously hypertensive rats, reflected by less sleep time and poor sleep quality during the recovery period. The density and activity of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus were higher in spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with Wistar‐Kyoto rats. Interestingly, we observed the absence of fluctuations in 5‐hydroxytryptamine and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid across the sleep, wake, sleep deprivation and sleep recovery stages in spontaneously hypertensive rats, which were dramatically different from Wistar‐Kyoto rats. These results indicate that the disruption of sleep−wake pattern and sleep homeostasis in spontaneously hypertensive rats might be related to abnormalities of the serotonergic system.
Spatiotemporal biosurveillance with spatial clusters: control limit approximation and impact of spatial correlation

Multivariate CUSUM charts formed over spatial clusters have been used over the last several years to detect emerging disease clusters in spatiotemporal biosurveillance. The control limits for the CUSUM charts are typically calibrated by trial-and-error simulation, but this task can be time-consuming and challenging when the monitoring area is large. This article introduces an analytical method that approximates the control limits and average run length when spatial correlation is not strong. In addition, the practical range of the scan radius in which the approximation method works well is investigated. Also studied is how the outbreak radius and spatial correlation impact the scheme’s outbreak detection performance with respect to two metrics: detection delay and identification accuracy. Experimental results show that the approximation method performs well, making the design of the multivariate CUSUM chart convenient; and higher spatial correlation does not always yield faster detection but often facilitates accurate identification of outbreak clusters.
Thiamine transporter 2 is involved in high glucose-induced damage and altered thiamine availability in cell models of diabetic retinopathy

Thiamine prevents high glucose-induced damage in microvasculature, and progression of retinopathy and nephropathy in diabetic animals. Impaired thiamine availability causes renal damage in diabetic patients. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC19A3 locus encoding for thiamine transporter 2 are associated with absent/minimal diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy despite long-term type 1 diabetes. We investigated the involvement of thiamine transporter 1 and thiamine transporter 2, and their transcription factor specificity protein 1, in high glucose-induced damage and altered thiamine availability in cells of the inner blood–retinal barrier. Human endothelial cells, pericytes and Müller cells were exposed to hyperglycaemic-like conditions and/or thiamine deficiency/over-supplementation in single/co-cultures. Expression and localization of thiamine transporter 1, thiamine transporter 2 and transcription factor specificity protein 1 were evaluated together with intracellular thiamine concentration, transketolase activity and permeability to thiamine. The effects of thiamine depletion on cell function (viability, apoptosis and migration) were also addressed. Thiamine transporter 2 and transcription factor specificity protein 1 expression were modulated by hyperglycaemic-like conditions. Transketolase activity, intracellular thiamine and permeability to thiamine were decreased in cells cultured in thiamine deficiency, and in pericytes in hyperglycaemic-like conditions. Thiamine depletion reduced cell viability and proliferation, while thiamine over-supplementation compensated for thiamine transporter 2 reduction by restoring thiamine uptake and transketolase activity. High glucose and reduced thiamine determine impairment in thiamine transport inside retinal cells and through the inner blood–retinal barrier. Thiamine transporter 2 modulation in our cell models suggests its major role in thiamine transport in retinal cells and its involvement in high glucose-induced damage and impaired thiamine availability.
Factors Related to Delayed Extubation in Cervical Spine Surgery in an Academic Hospital: A Retrospective Study of 506 Patients

Objective The incidence of airway obstruction has been reported to be 1.2–6.1% after cervical spine surgery and up to 27% in posterior occipito-cervical spinal fusion. Communication between the anesthesiologist, surgeon, and staff responsible for postoperative care, and the identifi cation of patients at risk of airway complications are important. We aimed to determine the incidences of delayed extubation and reintubation, and the factors related to delayed extubation after cervical spine surgery. Methods A review was conducted of the medical records of patients who underwent cervical spine surgery in the orthopedic and neurosurgery units, Siriraj Hospital, between January 2012 and May 2017. The data included demographics, perioperative airway management, postoperative airway complications (delayed extubation and reintubation), and outcomes. Results Of the 506 patients analyzed, delayed extubation occurred in 116 (22.9%), and 15 (3.0%) were reintubated. The independent related factors for delayed extubation were blood loss ≥ 300 mL (odds ratio [OR], 2.71; 95% confi dence interval [CI], 1.33–5.49); intraoperative fl uid administration ≥ 2,000 mL (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.08–4.36); anesthetic time of ≥ 300 min (OR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.83–7.63); and case fi nished after service hours (OR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.73–5.88). Conclusion The incidence of delayed extubation in cervical spine surgery patients was high, and reintubation was common. Anesthesiologists should be cognizant of the related risk factors before deciding between immediate or delayed extubation.
Antibiotic prescribing trends in a pediatric population in Lithuania in 2003–2012

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the trends in consumption of antibiotics and evaluate the antibiotic prescription rates in the pediatric population in Lithuania during 2003 to 2012. A cross-sectional study. Data of systemic antibiotic use in pediatric population for outpatient treatment was derived from National Health Insurance Fund database. Consumption was expressed as WHO ATC defined daily dose (DDD)/1000 children/day and as a number of prescriptions written in the general population per year. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS/W 20.0 software (Statistical Product and Service Solutions for Windows). Total utilization of antibiotics (expressed in DDD units) during study period increased by 8.40% (from 5.67 to 6.19 DDD/1000 children/day) and by 5.96% expressed in prescription rate (from 585.84 to 622.97 prescriptions/1000 children/year). The most popular antibiotic group was macrolides which showed the highest increase of utilization 5.9 times (from 0.27 DDD/1000 children/day in 2003 to 1.66 DDD/1000 children/day in 2012). The most common indications for antibiotic prescribing for children in 2012 were acute bronchitis (25.6%), acute tonsillitis (21.7%) and acute pharyngitis (14.6%). Amoxicillin had the highest probability to be chosen to treat acute tonsillitis (prob. [probability] = .2875) and acute pharyngitis (prob. = .5553). Clarithromycin had the highest probability to be chosen to treat acute bronchitis (prob. = .4222). Most of the diseases treated with antibiotics were viral infections. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were broad-spectrum. The consumption of antibiotics was evenly increasing during 2003 to 2012 period, but the distribution of separate antibiotic group remained the same.
Design and Characterization of a Miniaturized Implantable Antenna in a Seven-Layer Brain Phantom

In this paper, we propose a miniaturized implantable antenna exhibiting a broadside radiation pattern and wide operating bandwidth. Previously reported small implantable antennas often display omni-directional radiation patterns which are not suitable for in-to-off wireless body area network. The proposed design overcomes this problem by optimizing the antenna structure inside a realistic brain implant environment, a seven-layer brain phantom including skin, fat, bone, dura, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), gray and white matters. The seven-layer phantom was modeled in a full-wave simulation software, and then the antenna was embedded in dura layer. The antenna has a circular shape with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm. The top and bottom insulating layers share the same dimensions of the antenna. With the given location and surrounding materials, the antenna geometry was optimized to resonate at 2.4 GHz and to radiate broadside. The optimal design was fabricated using a low-loss biocompatible PCB material, Taconic RF-35 ( $\varepsilon _{\mathrm {r}} =3.5$ , tan $\delta =0.0018$ ), and tested in a seven-layer brain phantom implemented with semi-solid artificial tissue emulating (ATE) materials. The results of both the simulation and measurement revealed similar −10-dB impedance bandwidths of 13.8% and 14.9%, respectively, which are wider than those of most single-band implantable antennas operating at 2.4 GHz. The proposed antenna also displayed a measured peak realized gain of −20.75 dBi and an acceptable radiation efficiency of 0.24%, which are within the typical range. Furthermore, we calculated the specific absorption rate (SAR) and assessed its compliance with the IEEE safety guidelines.
Does nonexistent of your hands on the screen guarantee no radiation exposure to your body? – Study on exposure of the practitioner's hands to radiation during C-arm fluoroscopy-guided injections and effectiveness of a new shielding device

Abstract Observational phantom study. This study aimed to evaluate the radiation exposure dose of practitioner's hands when performing C-arm guided procedures and to determine the usefulness of our newly designed radiation shielding device. C-arm guided procedures including lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESIs) are commonly used for pain control induced by lumbar radiculopathy. The practitioner's hands are vulnerable to radiation exposure because of the long exposure time and short distance from the radiation resource. No studies to date have reported the cumulative exposure of the physician's hands according to location and exposure time. Using a chest phantom irradiated with X-rays under lumbar TFESI conditions, cumulative scatter radiation dose was measured at 36 points using a dosimeter. The measurements were checked at 1, 3, 5, 10 minutes of radiation exposure. The experiment was repeated using our newly designed shielding device. Significant radiation accumulation was observed in the field where the practitioner's hands might be placed during C-arm guided procedures. The further the distance from the radiation resource and the shorter the exposure time, the smaller was the cumulative radiation expose dose. The new shielding device showed an excellent shielding rate (66.0%–99.9%) when the dosimeter was within the shielding range. However, at some points, increased accumulated radiation exposure dose was observed, although the dosimeter was within the range of the shielding device. To reduce radiation exposure of the practitioner's hands when performing C-arm-guided procedures, the radiation exposure time should be decreased and a greater distance from the radiation resource should be maintained. When using our shielding device, placing the hand close to the device surface and minimizing the time using fluoroscopy minimized the radiation exposure of the hand.
Spatiotemporal Pattern of AQI in Shandong, China Using the Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis

Daily AQI mass concentration measurements at 91 stations over a 4-year period from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2017 were collected in Shandong province. EOF analysis was used to obtain spatial and temporal patterns of AQI based on weekly average data. The first three modes of weekly average AQI explained 82.33% of the total variance. With the highest variance contribution and the large amplitude change of time coefficient, the first mode showed high AQI in the cities bordering neighboring provinces in western Shandong and the regions with more mountains in central Shandong. The second mode showed the opposite trend of AQI in eastern compared with western, and the third mode reflected the opposite trend in southern compared with northern in Shandong province. The results showed the high AQI mainly occurred in winter and its early and late periods, the number of days with high AQI has being gradually decreasing.
Selection of Predictor Variables in Downscaling Land Surface Temperature using Random Forest Algorithm

In this work, land surface temperature (LST) was downscaled by statistical regression model based on the nonlinear relationship with environment variables, including land surface reflectance, spectral indices, terrain factors, land cover type, reanalysis data and geolocation information. The correlation between predictor variables and LST was examined and compared with each other, in which 16 variables were finally selected into model, the variable dataset was credited to have relatively best performance with the trade-off between algorithm accuracy and computational complexity. With the optimal variable dataset, the LST of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was downscaled from 990m to 90m by using random forest (RF) regression algorithm. Results of visual and quantitative analysis showed the satisfied downscaling results on 13 May, 2017 in Qinyang City, with the bias, coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) of -0.02, 0.9 and 2.18 K, respectively. Comparison with the algorithm for sharpening thermal imagery (TsHARP) also demonstrated the accuracy and robustness of RF model with selected variable dataset.
A Robust Adaline Based Control of Shunt Active Power Filter without Load and Filter Current Measurement

This paper presents a new robust control strategy which is based on Adaline approach. The purpose of the proposed technique is to eliminate load and filter current sensors, normally present in conventional Adaline based control of Shunt Active Power filter(SAPF) thus reducing its hardware cost. The proposed method also enables SAPF to work under highly dynamic load conditions where other similar approaches with reduced sensors ceases to perform. A comparative analysis with other similar classical approach under same load conditions is done to show the effectiveness of proposed method. MATLAB/SIMULINK results are shown under fast varying load conditions to validate the proposed work.
SyntDB: defining orthologues of human long noncoding RNAs across primates

Abstract SyntDB (http://syntdb.amu.edu.pl/) is a collection of data on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their evolutionary relationships in twelve primate species, including humans. This is the first database dedicated to primate lncRNAs, thousands of which are uniquely stored in SyntDB. The lncRNAs were predicted with our computational pipeline using publicly available RNA-Seq data spanning diverse tissues and organs. Most of the species included in SyntDB still lack lncRNA annotations in public resources. In addition to providing users with unique sets of lncRNAs and their characteristics, SyntDB provides data on orthology relationships between the lncRNAs of humans and other primates, which are not available on this scale elsewhere. Keeping in mind that only a small fraction of currently known human lncRNAs have been functionally characterized and that lncRNA conservation is frequently used to identify the most relevant lncRNAs for functional studies, we believe that SyntDB will contribute to ongoing research aimed at deciphering the biological roles of lncRNAs.