Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EPILEPSY IN CHILDREN: RELATIONSHIP OF VARIATIONS IN THE DEGREE OF KETONURIA TO OCCURRENCE OF CONVULSIONS IN EPILEPTIC CHILDREN ON KETOGENIC DIETS

It has been definitely established by the work of Wilder,1Peterman,2Talbot, Metcalf and Moriarty3and others that children suffering from idiopathic epilepsy are greatly benefited by a diet high in fat and sufficiently low in carbohydrate and protein to produce ketosis. The effects of the ketogenic diet are similar to those of fasting, as regards changes in the patient's blood4and in his clinical condition. Just how such forms of dietary regulation effect the striking improvement often seen in cases of genuine epilepsy is not entirely clear. Wilder attributes the change to the anesthetic action of the acetone bodies, particularly the aceto-acetic acid. Other observers suggest that it is due to the mild acidosis produced. The latter opinion is based on the observations of Jarloev5and Bigwood6that the convulsive seizures are frequently preceded by a slight shifting of the blood plasma reaction
Estudio Morfológico del Esperma de la Cabra Enana del Oeste Africano Tratado con Planta de Calabazas (Cucurbita pepo)

Cuatro cabras de la raza enana del oeste de Africa, con edades comprendidas entre los 24 y 30 meses, fueron utilizadas para este estudio. Las cabras sirvieron primero como control y, posteriormente, como animales de experimentacion los que se alimentaron diariamente con aceite de planta de calabaza por un periodo de seis meses. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar el efecto de la planta de calabaza sobre la morfologia de los espermatozoides de las cabras. Hubo diferencias significativas (p <0,05) entre los valores control y experimental en las anomalias morfologicas primarias y secundarias de los espermatozoides: la cabeza tuvo un valor de control de 6 (0,42%) y post alimentacion valor 0 (0%), el movimiento de la cola un valor de 14 (0,97%) y 2 (0,16%) para el control y post alimentacion, respectivamente. La curvatura media: valores de 17 (1,18 %) y 1 (0,08 %) para el control y post-alimentacion, respectivamente. La inclinacion media tambien diferia significativamente (p <0,05), con un valor entre 16 (1,11%) el control y 3 (0,23%) post-alimentacion. Hasta el final de las etapas del estudio, hubo una reduccion significativa en el numero de celulas de esperma con anomalias como consecuencia de la alimentacion diaria de los animales con la planta de calabaza. Por lo tanto, la planta se recomienda para la prevencion y el tratamiento de la infertilidad en hombres y otros animales.
Art and Play Group Therapy for Pre-School Children Infected and Affected by HIV/AIDS

This article presents the therapeutic approaches used in art and play therapy for children infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. We discuss developmental issues of individual children that emerged whilst participating in these groups and the processes involved. Issues of loss and separation related to bereavement are especially addressed. By providing a sense of containment we enabled these children to tolerate and integrate the traumatic experiences they have undergone.
Prevalence of asthma and asthma symptoms in a general population sample from northern Italy

The European Community Respiratory Health Survey is an international survey of the general population which aims to establish whether there are significant variations in the prevalence of asthma among European countries. The present paper reports the prevalence of asthma and asthma‐like symptoms in a sample of subjects living in three areas of northern Italy: Turin, Pavia, and Verona. Samples of residents 20–44 years old (3000 subjects in Turin and Verona and 1000 in Pavia) stratified by sex (M:E= 1/1) were randomly selected from local health authority lists in the three participating areas. To correct the observed prevalence estimate for nonresponse bias, a method proposed by Drane was applied. Of the sampled subjects, 86% (6031) participated in the survey. Two different definitions of asthma were adopted: 1) prevalence of asthma attack in the last 12 months; 2) prevalence of asthma attack or treatment with antiasthmatic drugs, or both wheezing apart from the common cold and wheezing with shortness of breath. This combination of symptoms has been called current asthma. According to these definitions, the prevalence of asthma attack was 3.47% (3.74%, in men and 3.14% in women), and the prevalence of current asthma was 5.01% (5.07% in men and 4.90% in women). The lowest prevalence was found in Pavia; the highest in Turin. Our findings support the hypothesis that the difference in prevalence reflects the difference in mortality.
How HIV-Positive Aboriginal Women (PAW) Talk About Their Mothering Experiences With Child and Family Services in Ontario

Aboriginal families are disproportionately involved with Children's Aid Societies (or CAS), which is of concern given the history of colonization, assimilation, and child welfare policies that fail to recognize Indigenous practices within Canada. There is no historical data regarding HIV-positive Aboriginal women's (PAW) experiences and interactions with the child welfare system, despite a high degree of HIV-related stigma and discrimination by CAS staff coupled with lack of HIV knowledge and sensitivity to provide culturally appropriate care to PAW and their children. This article is relevant to local and international child welfare practices, and specifically to CAS agencies across Ontario.
Compassionate care: not easy, not free, not only nurses

Compassion has historically been defined as an underpinning principle of work conducted by health professionals, especially nurses.1 Numerous definitions of compassionate care exist, incorporating a range of elements. Most include a cognitive element: understanding what is important to the other by exploring their perspective; a volitional element: choosing to act to try and alleviate the other’s disquiet; an affective element: actively imagining what the other is going through; an altruistic element: reacting to the other’s needs selflessly; and a moral element: to not show compassion may compound any pain or distress already being experienced by the other.2 3 Appeals for more compassionate care have become common within international discourses, through initiatives such as Schwartz Rounds established in America, Hearts in Healthcare in New Zealand, and the Asia Pacific Healthcare Hub of Charter for Compassion. In the UK, a policy document called Compassion in Practice outlined 6 ‘Cs’ associated with compassionate care (care, compassion, courage, communication, commitment and competence). It was written in the wake of high profile accounts of negative health services experiences, including the 2013 Francis Report (http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20150407084231/http://www.midstaffspublicinquiry.com/report), which detailed the dehumanising treatment of patients at Mid Staffordshire NHS Trust. Positioned as a solution to neglect and unsafe treatment, contemporary debate around practice and policy often paints compassionate care as an easy, cost-neutral fix for entrenched problems in modern health services. Yet delivering compassionate care is not without costs. First, staff may have to engage in emotionally charged interactions, which can leave them feeling psychologically exhausted and at risk of burnout.4 Furthermore, for health professionals to be able to connect with patients and understand their unique situation, while also addressing fundamental needs (eg, hygiene, feeding) in a non-mechanistic manner, an appropriately resourced workplace is required.5 Nursing, in particular, has been linked to contemporary discussions of …
Incubation temperature, osmolarity, and salicylate affect the expression of resistance-nodulation-division efflux pumps and outer membrane porins in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC19606T.

In this study, we examined the impact of various environmental conditions on the expression of resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pumps and outer membrane (OM) porins, two key determinants of Acinetobacter baumannii's intrinsic resistance, an organism known to cause various multidrug resistant infections in immunocompromised individuals. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of adeB, adeG, and adeJ (genes encoding RND pumps) and 33 kDa, carO, and oprD (genes encoding OM porins) of A. baumannii ATCC19606(T) under different incubation temperatures (30, 37, and 42 °C) and in the presence of high osmolarity and salicylate. Downregulation of all three RND pumps was observed at 30 °C, while downregulation of all three porins tested was observed at increased osmolarity. Downregulation of RND efflux pumps, particularly AdeABC, was consistent with increased susceptibility to antibiotics that are substrates of this pump. Expression of the adeR response regulator gene of the AdeRS system, the activator of the AdeABC pump, was also analyzed. Our work shows that various environmental stress conditions can influence the expression of RND pumps and porins in A. baumannii ATCC19606(T) and thus may play a role in the modulation of its antibiotic resistance.
Bacillus subtilis spores expressing the VP28 antigen: a potential oral treatment to protect Litopenaeus vannamei against white spot syndrome.

The envelope protein VP28 of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is considered a candidate antigen for use in a potential vaccine to this important shrimp pathogen (the cause of white spot syndrome, WSS). Here, we used spores of Bacillus subtilis to display VP28 on the spore surface. Trials were conducted to evaluate their ability to protect shrimps against WSSV infection. The gene cotB-vp28 was integrated into the chromosome of the laboratory strain B. subtilis PY79, and expression of CotB-VP28 was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Expression of CotB-VP28 was equivalent to 1000 molecules per spore. PY79 and CotB-VP28 spores were mixed with pellets for feeding of whiteleg shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei), followed by WSSV challenge. Superoxidase dismutase (SOD), phenoloxidase activities and mortality rates of the two shrimp groups were evaluated. Groups fed with PY79 and CotB-VP28 spores at day 7 had increased SOD activities of 29% and increased phenoloxidase activities of 15% and 33%, respectively, compared to those of the control group. Fourteen days postchallenge, 35% of vaccinated shrimps had died compared to 49% of those fed naked spores (PY79) and 66% untreated, unchallenged animals. These data suggest that spores expressing VP28 have potential as a prophylactic treatment of WSS.
P Wave Analysis in Patients with Sarcoidosis

Introduction: Atrial arrhythmias in patients with sarcoidosis (Sar) are not unusual and can occur due to either atrial myocardial fibrosis and/or due to autonomic nervous system imbalance. Electrocardiographic markers (ECG), like maximum and minimum P wave duration and P wave dispersion {Pdis = Pmax ﹣Pmin} reflect atrial depolarization inhomogeneity and can indicate patients prone to develop atrial arrhythmias while standard deviation of RR interval (SDNN) is an index of heart rate variability, reflecting autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Methods: 90 patients with sarcoidosis (41 males/49 females) enrolled in this multicenter prospective study underwent digital electrocardiography, echocardiography and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Diastolic and systolic indices of right and left ventricle were measured echocardiographically including Doppler parameters while Pmax, Pmin, Pdis and SDNN were measured in a 5-minute duration digital electrocardiogram. All consecutive patients were compared to 65 healthy volunteers (30 males/35 females). Results: Although heart rate and the echocardiographic indices were similar among the two groups, the electrocardiographic indices were significantly prolonged in the patient group compared to controls. Maximum P wave duration was correlated with SDNN (p dis was correlated with SDNN (p max and Pdis were independently correlated with SDNN. Conclusion: P wave dispersion is significantly increased in patients with systemic sarcoidosis compared to healthy persons while maximum P wave duration and P wave dispersion are negatively correlated with the standard deviation of RR, an index of heart rate variability implying imbalance of ANS function. Further studies are needed for the clarification of the significance of this correlation.
PHAGOCYTES , GRANULOCYTES , AND MYELOPOIESIS The cytokine midkine supports neutrophil traf fi cking during acute in fl ammation by promoting adhesion via b 2 integrins ( CD 11 / CD 18 )

Recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) from the blood into the tissue, a critical prerequisite of the inflammatory response, is triggered by injury, infection, or hypoxia. The leukocyte recruitment cascade consists of a series of consecutive events involving the initial capturing of free-flowing leukocytes, followed by leukocyte rolling, slow rolling, arrest, adhesion strengthening, spreading, and intraluminal crawling to extravasation sites, and subsequent transendothelial diapedesis. Upon extravasation, PMNs can perform abluminal crawling on the pericytes lining the blood vessels until they enter the tissue for interstitial migration to sites of lesion. During rolling, PMNs are in intimate contact with the endothelium and can be activated by proinflammatory cytokines such as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), or other mediators presented on the luminal side of inflamed endothelial cells. Activation of PMNs leads to rapid conformational changes of the b2 integrins, lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1, CD11a/ CD18), or macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1, CD11b/CD18) by insideout signaling. The high affinity conformation of b2 integrins mediates firm arrest under flow conditions by binding to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) on inflamed endothelial cells allowing subsequent extravasation and migration to sites of lesion. Emerging evidence has shown that midkine (MK), the 13 kilodalton founding member of a family of so-called heparin-binding growth factors, promotes inflammation. The human MK gene is induced during hypoxic or inflammatory conditions due to the presence of hypoxia and nuclear factor kB-responsive elements upstream of its promoter sequence. MK is expressed in PMNs, monocytes, and lymphocytes, and released by endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions. MK binds to various receptors with high affinity, including heparan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, b1 integrins, 21 and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). Interestingly, LRP1 interacts with b2 integrins, thereby promoting leukocyte adhesion. MK has been implicated in awide number of biological functions including for example, angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions, cell survival, and tumor growth. Multiple studies also suggest an important role for MK in several pathological inflammatory conditions. Accordingly, MK is significantly upregulated in inflamed synovial tissue during an active rheumatoid arthritis flare in contrast to synovial tissue of healthy patients. This is further confirmed by findings in a mouse arthritis model, where leukocyte infiltration and joint damage are markedly attenuated in MK
Epidemiologia do aborto inseguro em uma população em situação de pobreza Favela Inajar de Souza, São Paulo

Procurou-se, neste trabalho, comparar os Resultados de Pesquisa recente, realizada em Sao Paulo, Brasil, pais em que o aborto e ilegal em quase todas as circunstâncias, com dados referentes a Cuba, pais onde o aborto e legal e seguro, dispondo de registros confiaveis. Essa pesquisa foi sediada em uma comunidade da Zona Norte da cidade de Sao Paulo, Favela Inajar de Souza: um estudo transversal que teve por objetivo estimar a frequencia de Abortos Inseguros, bem como determinar as caracteristicas sociodemograficas e a morbidade associadas a tal ocorrencia, em uma populacao em situacao de pobreza. Foram entrevistadas todas as mulheres entre 15 e 54 anos residentes na comunidade (Censo). Na analise dos dados foram empregados o teste exato de Fisher e o teste qui-quadrado para as variaveis categoricas, e a analise de variância (ANOVA) para as variaveis numericas. Em toda a analise adotou-se um nivel de significância de 5%, com p < 0,05. Encontrou-se, na populacao estudada, Favela Inajar, um alto numero de abortos inseguros e alta porcentagem de complicacoes pos-aborto. Em comum com Cuba, quanto ao Aborto Induzido foi observada semelhanca de perfil somente em relacao a Idade e ao Estado Civil. Nos Resultados foram constatadas tambem - contrariamente ao que ocorre em Cuba - associacoes estatisticamente significativas entre Aborto Inseguro e Renda/Escolaridade (baixas), Aborto Inseguro e Etnia/Cor, Aborto Inseguro e Nao Apoio do Parceiro, e Aborto Inseguro e Migracao Interna - o que torna essa populacao especialmente vulneravel ao aborto inseguro frente as violencias estruturais, geradoras de iniquidade, vigentes no Brasil. O aborto legal e seguro, tal como em Cuba, transformaria essa realidade. A legalizacao do aborto beneficiaria, sobretudo, as mulheres pobres.
A randomized trial of avatrombopag, an investigational thrombopoietin-receptor agonist, in persistent and chronic immune thrombocytopenia.

Stimulation of platelet production by thrombopoietin-receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) is an effective second-line treatment in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). This 28-day phase 2 study assigned subjects with ITP of ≥3 months to once-daily oral avatrombopag (2.5, 5, 10, or 20 mg), an investigational nonpeptide TPO-RA active in humans, or placebo; subjects completing randomized treatment could enroll in a 24-week extension study. Of 64 randomized subjects, 13% (avatrombopag 2.5 mg), 53% (5 mg), 50% (10 mg), and 80% (20 mg), vs 0% for placebo, achieved a platelet count (PC) response of ≥50 × 10(9)/L with ≥20 × 10(9)/L increase above baseline at day 28. Fifty-three subjects (83%) entered the extension: 52% and 76% had a durable (PC response at ≥75% of their platelet assessments over the last 14 weeks) and overall (stable response or response at any ≥2 consecutive visits) response, respectively. All subjects experienced ≥1 adverse event (AE) (most commonly fatigue, headache, and epistaxis); 19% (n = 12) reported ≥1 serious AE; 10 (16%) withdrew due to an AE (5 due to increased PC). Avatrombopag was active and generally well tolerated, with PC response rates and AE incidence comparable with other TPO-RAs. These studies were registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT00441090 and #NCT00625443.
Predicting Parental Attitudes Toward the Helpfulness of Postoperative Analgesic Medication

This study examined explanatory variables that could predict parent attitudes concerning the helpfulness of pain medication for their postoperative child. Predictor variables included beliefs underlying attitudes, prior medical experiences of the child and parent, and parental goals for pain relief. Data were provided by 236 parents of children undergoing day surgery and were analyzed using a multiple regression model. Although beliefs were significant predictors, parents' own experiences with surgery were stronger predictors of attitudes toward the helpfulness of pain medication for their children. Identifying parents' personal adverse experiences with surgery may assist in improving the care they provide to their child after surgery.
Prevalence and Social Correlates of Injury Among In-School Adolescents in Botswana

Injury is a significant public health concern that has received limited attention in Africa. There is in particular a lack of data regarding injury and its social correlates among in-school adolescents in Botswana. This article discusses how cross-sectional data from the 2005 Botswana Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) were analysed with the aim of estimating the incidence and social correlates of serious injury. Results indicated that of the 2 197 students, 65.8% (68.1% among boys and 63.8% among girls) had sustained at least one serious injury during the previous 12 months. Variables positively associated with the outcome of serious injury during the past 12 months in univariate analysis were current smoking, current alcohol use, excessive drinking, illicit drug use, truancy, bullied and having gone hungry, while in multivariate analysis being bullied, having gone hungry and truancy remained associated with serious injury during the past 12 months.
Discussion and documentation of future care: a before-and-after study examining the impact of an alternative approach to recording treatment decisions on advance care planning in an acute hospital

Objective To determine whether discussion and documentation of decisions about future care was improved following the introduction of a new approach to recording treatment decisions: the Universal Form of Treatment Options (UFTO). Methods Retrospective review of the medical records of patients who died within 90 days of admission to oncology or respiratory medicine wards over two 3-month periods, preimplementation and postimplementation of the UFTO. A sample size of 70 per group was required to provide 80% power to observe a change from 15% to 35% in discussion or documentation of advance care planning (ACP), using a two-sided test at the 5% significance level. Results On the oncology ward, introduction of the UFTO was associated with a statistically significant increase in cardiopulmonary resuscitation decisions documented for patients (pre-UFTO 52% to post-UFTO 77%, p=0.01) and an increase in discussions regarding ACP (pre-UFTO 27%, post-UFTO 49%, p=0.03). There were no demonstrable changes in practice on the respiratory ward. Only one patient came into hospital with a formal ACP document. Conclusions Despite patients’ proximity to the end-of-life, there was limited documentation of ACP and almost no evidence of formalised ACP. The introduction of the UFTO was associated with a change in practice on the oncology ward but this was not observed for respiratory patients. A new approach to recording treatment decisions may contribute to improving discussion and documentation about future care but further work is needed to ensure that all patients’ preferences for treatment and care at the end-of-life are known.
Review article: Emergency department data sharing to reduce alcohol‐related violence: A systematic review of the feasibility and effectiveness of community‐level interventions

The present paper aims to review current evidence for the effectiveness and/or feasibility of using inter‐agency data sharing of ED recorded assault information to direct interventions reducing alcohol‐related or nightlife assaults, injury or violence. Potential data‐sharing partners involve police, local council, liquor licensing regulators and venue management. A systematic review of the peer‐reviewed literature was conducted. The initial search discovered 19 506 articles. After removal of duplicates and articles not meeting review criteria, n = 8 articles were included in quantitative and narrative synthesis. Seven of eight studies were conducted in UK EDs, with the remaining study presenting Australian data. All studies included in the review deemed data sharing a worthwhile pursuit. All studies attempting to measure intervention effectiveness reported substantial reductions of assaults and ED attendances post‐intervention, with one reporting no change. Negative logistic feasibility concerns were minimal, with general consensus among authors being that data‐sharing protocols and partnerships could be easily implemented into modern ED triage systems, with minimal cost, staff workload burden, impact to patient safety, service and anonymity, or risk of harm displacement to other licensed venues, or increase to length of patient stay. However, one study reported a potential harm displacement effect to streets surrounding intervention venues. In future, data‐sharing systems should triangulate ED, police and ambulance data sources, and assess intervention effectiveness using randomised controlled trials that account for variations in venue capacity, fluctuations in ED attendance and population levels, seasonal variations in assault and injury, and control for concurrent interventions.