Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meclizine Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss and Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis Partially by Upregulating PXR

Pregnane X receptor (PXR) which belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily plays vital roles in several biological functions, especially in the inflammatory procedure. Besides that, PXR is revealed by recent studies to have essential effects on bone tissue. As an agonist of PXR, meclizine is a piperazine-derived histamine H1 antagonist, and has been frequently used for prevention and treatment of vomiting and nausea. Because osteoclastogenesis is characterized by the activation of inflammation-related signaling pathways, we speculated that meclizine may affect formation and function of osteoclast. In the present study, we explored the effect of meclizine on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. In primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), meclizine reduced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner, while knockdown of PXR with siRNA partially abrogated the osteoclastogenesis inhibition of meclizine. On the one hand, at the molecular level, meclizine attenuated RANKL-induced activation of c-Fos, NFATc1, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), including ERK and p38, but not JNK. Meanwhile, meclizine reduced the expression of osteoclast-specific genes, including TRAP, MMP9, Cathepsin K and NFATc1. On the other hand, meclizine decreased OVX-induced bone loss by repressing osteoclast activity. In conclusion, our results indicated that meclizine inhibits osteoclastogenesis via regulation of several RANKL signaling pathways and PXR was involved in the processes. Therefore, meclizine may be considered as a novel therapeutic candidate for osteoclast-related diseases.
Transgenic Tobacco Overexpressing Glyoxalase Pathway Enzymes Grow and Set Viable Seeds in Zinc-Spiked Soils1

We reported earlier that engineering of the glyoxalase pathway (a two-step reaction mediated through glyoxalase I and II enzymes) enhances salinity tolerance. Here we report the extended suitability of this engineering strategy for improved heavy-metal tolerance in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The glyoxalase transgenics were able to grow, flower, and set normal viable seeds in the presence of 5 mm ZnCl2 without any yield penalty. The endogenous ion content measurements revealed roots to be the major sink for excess zinc accumulation, with negligible amounts in seeds in transgenic plants. Preliminary observations suggest that glyoxalase overexpression could confer tolerance to other heavy metals, such as cadmium or lead. Comparison of relative tolerance capacities of transgenic plants, overexpressing either glyoxalase I or II individually or together in double transgenics, evaluated in terms of various critical parameters such as survival, growth, and yield, reflected double transgenics to perform better than either of the single-gene transformants. Biochemical investigations indicated restricted methylglyoxal accumulation and less lipid peroxidation under high zinc conditions in transgenic plants. Studies employing the glutathione biosynthetic inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine, suggested an increase in the level of phytochelatins and maintenance of glutathione homeostasis in transgenic plants during exposure to excess zinc as the possible mechanism behind this tolerance. Together, these findings presents a novel strategy to develop multiple stress tolerance via glyoxalase pathway engineering, thus implicating its potential use in engineering agriculturally important crop plants to grow on rapidly deteriorating lands with multiple unfavorable edaphic factors.
The Health Workforce in Ethiopia: Addressing the Remaining Challenges

Health indicators in Ethiopia, particularly on child health and malaria, have improved significantly in recent years, with the next challenge now focused on improving maternal health indicators. Improvements in child health and malaria in particular can be attributed to strong government commitment towards health results, reflected in a number of notable policies and programs related to Human Resources for Health (HRH), in particular the health extension worker program. However, indicators related to maternal health remain problematic. Ethiopia has one of the lowest levels of assisted deliveries in the region. Although increases in the number of health workers particularly in rural areas may have contributed to improving access to some health services, it is in the government's interest to further improve the stock, distribution, and performance of relevant health workers in Ethiopia, particularly to bring about improvement in access to maternal health services for the poor. This document reviews the current HRH situation in Ethiopia, summarizes the evidence on population use of select health services, and offers relevant policy options to assist the government finalize its new human resources strategy and address remaining health challenges.
Estimated Impact of the Fed&Apos;S Mortgage-Backed Securities Purchase Program

We examine the quantitative impact of the Federal Reserve's mortgage-backed securities (MBS) purchase program. We focus on how much of the recent decline in mortgage interest rate spreads can be attributed to these purchases. The question is more difficult than frequently perceived because of simultaneous changes in prepayment and default risks. When we control for these risks, we find evidence of statistically insignificant or small effects of the program. For specifications where the existence or announcement of the program appears to have lowered spreads, we find no separate effect of the size of the stock of MBS purchased by the Fed.
Offering Speed and Private Placements: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment

We empirically show that the time delay for raising debt in public markets has a pronounced impact on ﬁrms’ switching to private placement. We exploit the 2005 Security Offerings Reform as a quasi-natural experiment where for a subset of large U.S. ﬁrms the regulatory delay (1-1.5 month) associated with raising public debt is eliminated. Difference-in-dfference estimates suggest a direct link between regulatory delay on public markets and the share of private placements. Following the Reform, treated ﬁrms have reduced their share of private market placements by 25-30% in comparison to control-group ﬁrms. The empirical ﬁndings lead to the conclusion that the SEC has succeeded in containing the growth of private placements and strengthening public markets.
Identification of karyopherins involved in the nuclear import of RNA exosome subunit Rrp6 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The exosome is a conserved multiprotein complex essential for RNA processing and degradation. The nuclear exosome is a key factor for pre-rRNA processing through the activity of its catalytic subunits, Rrp6 and Rrp44. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rrp6 is exclusively nuclear and has been shown to interact with exosome cofactors. With the aim of analyzing proteins associated with the nuclear exosome, in this work, we purified the complex with Rrp6-TAP, identified the co-purified proteins by mass spectrometry, and found karyopherins to be one of the major groups of proteins enriched in the samples. By investigating the biological importance of these protein interactions, we identified Srp1, Kap95, and Sxm1 as the most important karyopherins for Rrp6 nuclear import and the nuclear localization signals recognized by them. Based on the results shown here, we propose a model of multiple pathways for the transport of Rrp6 to the nucleus.
Stereotypes and Risk Attitudes: Evidence from the Lab and the Field

Recent studies have found correlations between risk attitudes and several sociodemographic characteristics. In this paper, we deploy an artefactual fi eld experiment and study whether subjects - non-professionals and financial professionals - are aware of these correlations. This is largely confi rmed by our results for all subject groups. We show that the subjects attach informational value to sociodemographic information when assessing others' risk attitudes. This provides external validity to the correlations found between risk preferences and sociodemographics. A person's self-assessment of risk attitudes is the most helpful device for the subjects' assessments of others, although experienced professionals make use of it to a minor extent than all other subjects.
Comparison Analysis of Camel Ratio Between Bank Mandiri and Bank Negara Indonesia Period 2008-2012

The banking sector has a huge potential and opportunities in its role as a source of financing for the public and business sectors. Since many banks are liquidated when the monetary crisis, Bank Indonesia made more incentive to restructure the banking system is expected to bring wrong banking structure, effective, efficient and healthy. Soundness of bank can be assessed to the qualitative approcah to the management factors and quantitative approach to the factors of capital, asset quality, management, earnings and liquidity. Known as CAMEL Analysis Ratio. This aim of this research is to know the level of health of Bank Mandiri and Bank Negara Indonesia from 2008 to 2012. The benefits of this research is increasing the financial performance of Bank Mandiri and Bank Negara Indonesia and the data can be used for the furthur information. This research is used CAMEL (Capital, asset quality, management, earning and liquidity) Ratio Analysis to assess the bank soundness. CAR ratio has no significant effect on problematic conditions and positive effect means that higher the CAR, the possibility of banks in the less troubled conditions In the CAR, KAP, NIM, ROA, BOPO and LDR show that just a very small nominal in comparing the both banks. Generally, Bank Mandiri has a bit bigger nominal about the CAR, KAP, NIM, ROA, BOPO and LDR between Bank Negara Indonesia. The question in the research problem is: Are there any differences of bank soundess between Bank Mandiri and Bank Negara Indonesia period 2008-2012 using CAMEL ratio? The answer is very clearly as what that already explain above which is there is no significant difference about bank soundness between Bank Mandiri and Bank Negara Indonesia period 2008-2012 from the manual test and the statistical test. Keyword : CAMEL r atio, bank soundness
Electric power system cost/loss optimization using Dynamic Thermal Rating and linear programming

Electric power systems consist of generation, transmission, and distribution components. As the demand for electricity grows seemingly endless, it is expected that a number of constraints, such as environmental, regulatory and economic, prevent the construction of new power plants and transmission lines. Finding improved ways to utilize the capacity supplied by existing power generation facilities and power transmission infrastructure is the problem that engineers, equipment manufacturers, and regulatory agencies are now facing.
THE EFFECT OF STORE ENVIRONMENT ON CONSUMER EVALUATIONS AND BEHAVIOR TOWARD SINGLE-BRAND APPAREL RETAILERS

This study aimed to assess consumer behavior towards single-brand apparel retailers by employing the Stimulus-Organism-Response model. In addition to the traditional store atmospheric stimuli of social cues, design cues, and ambient cues, this study introduced merchandise cues as a stimulus within the single-brand apparel retail store. This study also incorporated both cognitive and affective evaluations as consumers‘ internal states. The effect of stimulus on approach-avoidance behaviors was mediated by these internal states. This study also introduced the concept of ‗store as a brand‘ which was evaluated to identify whether consumers considered the single-brand apparel retail store and the merchandise carried by the store to be a single holistic entity. The specific research objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) the effects of store atmospheric cues and merchandise cues on cognitive evaluation toward store and merchandise, respectively; (2) the effects of cognitive evaluation toward store and merchandise on affective evaluation toward store and merchandise, respectively; (3) the effects of cognitive and affective evaluation towards store and merchandise on approach-avoidance behaviors; and (4) the ‗store as a brand‘ concept wherein the paths between the two internal evaluations were postulated to be equal for store and merchandise. This study was conducted in the context of single-brand apparel retailers. A mall intercept survey methodology was employed to collect the data and 438 completed responses were used for the data analyses. All the constructs had acceptable levels of composite reliability and was valid in terms of convergent and discriminant validity. The data were analyzed by using a structural equation modeling approach. Several hypotheses were significant as proposed except vi for a few which were not significant. Design cues were found to have an insignificant relationship with cognitive evaluations toward the store. Cognitive evaluations toward merchandise and affective evaluations toward store were found not to be significant. The results supported the ‗store as a brand‘ concept, thereby validating that consumers do not perceive the store and the merchandise sold by the single-brand apparel retailer to be different from each other. Research implications, managerial implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research were provided.
Survival of HIV-positive individuals with hepatitis B and C infection in Michigan

SUMMARY We sought to estimate mortality and associated factors in HIV-hepatitis co-infected individuals in Michigan using a retrospective cohort study. For the study period of 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2009, all HIV-infected individuals were matched to hepatitis B and C cases. In the final Cox proportional hazards regression model, individuals of other [hazard ratio (HR) 2·2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·4–3·2] and black (HR 1·3, 95% CI 1·1–1·6) race had decreased survival compared to white race. Similarly, injecting drug users (IDUs) (HR 2·1, 95% CI 1·6–2·6), men who have sex with men (MSM)/IDUs (HR 1·5, 95% CI 1·1–2·2), individuals with undetermined risk (HR 1·5, 95% CI 1·2–1·9) and heterosexual practices (HR 1·4, 95% CI 1·1–1·8) had decreased survival compared to MSM. Additionally, an interaction was found between current HIV status and co-infection. Mortality in HIV-hepatitis co-infected individuals remains a continuing problem. Our study can help in planning interventions to reduce mortality in HIV-infected individuals.
The influence of consumers' goals on selective attention to product features

Although attention is a key construct in models of marketing communications and consumer choice, its selective nature has rarely been examined in the time-pressured conditions that consumers face everyday. We investigate how consumers' goals influence selective attention to product features under such conditions. Specifically, we focus on the role of goa/ salience, that is, the readiness with which particular goals (e.g., personalized customer service) are brought to mind by consumers in relation to a given product category (e.g., banks). Study 1 demonstrated that when product feature information was presented rapidly, individuals for whom the goal of personalized customer service had high chronic or habitual salience displayed selective attention in terms of their elevated recall of a target feature (a bank's "friendly employees"). Also, as expected, individual differences in chronic goal salience affected judgments of the target product. Study 2 showed that when subjects were additionally informed about a specific product usage situation (e.g., being new in town or experiencing difficulty in balancing a checkbook), selective attention was no longer affected by individuals' chronic tendencies. Instead, both feature recall and judgments were influenced by the relevance of the target feature to the goals made salient by the situational context. Discussion emphasizes the theoretical and managerial implications of the findings regarding the role of goal salience in selective attention to product features.
Is Corporate Social Responsibility an Agency Problem? Evidence from CEO Turnovers

We empirically examine two competing claims: first, if a firm’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activity is driven by its CEO’s private rent extraction (i.e. an agency problem), firms with higher CSR ratings are poorly governed and their managers are less likely to be dismissed for poor financial performance. In contrast, if CSR reflects owners’ preferences, CEOs of firms with higher CSR ratings are more likely to be removed in light of poor financial performance. We find that CEO turnover-financial performance sensitivity increases in firm CSR scores during the last years of both the outgoing CEO as well as his predecessor. Further, firm CSR ratings do not change following CEO turnover suggesting that CSR ratings are a firm characteristic. Our findings are consistent with the view that CSR is driven by shareholder preferences.
Cross-Dimension-Ambivalent In-Group Stereotypes: The Moderating Roles of Social Context of Stereotype Endorsement and In-Group Identification

In this study, the authors examined in-group stereotypes that are cross-dimensionally ambivalent—simultaneously (a) positive in cognition-related content dimensions and negative in affect-related content dimensions or (b) negative in cognition-related content dimensions and positive in affect-related content dimensions—to establish whether endorsement of such in-group stereotypes depends on whether this process occurs in an intragroup versus intergroup context. Drawing on social identity theory, the authors predicted that (a) endorsement of cross-dimension-ambivalent in-group stereotypes would be greater in an intragroup, relative to an intergroup, context and (b) this would hold for high but not low in-group identifiers. Confirming these hypotheses, results showed that endorsement of cross-dimension-ambivalent in-group stereotypes may vary as a function of their contribution to securing a positive social identity.
An innovative method of fracture reduction in an arthroscopically assisted cannulated screw fixation of an Ideberg type III glenoid fracture

Significantly displaced intra-articular glenoid fractures treated nonoperatively have been found to have poor functional outcomes. For this reason, most are treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Conventional open techniques involve extensive exposure and soft tissue dissection. Moreover, visualization of the fracture and its reduction can also be difficult even with standard open techniques. We present a case of an Ideberg type III glenoid fracture treated with an arthroscopically assisted percutaneous screw fixation, using the coracoid as a reduction aide. This reduction technique is not previously reported in the literature. Arthroscopically assisted percutaneous glenoid fixation has showed promising early results in the literature. In our case, the fracture united and the patient returned to all his normal daily activities by 7 weeks postoperatively. This suggests arthroscopically assisted glenoid fixation provides good functional and radiological outcomes, without the need for extensive soft tissue dissection.
Effects of Occupational Trichloroethylene Exposure on Cytokine Levels in Workers

Objective: We sought to investigate trichloroethylene-induced alterations of the immune system in humans. Methods: The levels of interleukin-2, interleukin-4, and interferon-&ggr; in sera obtained from workers exposed to trichloroethylene were determined and compared with those of internal and external control subjects. Results: In workers with a mean urinary trichloroacetic acid concentration of 13.3 ± 5.9 mg/g creatinine, exposed to a mean environmental trichloroethylene level of 35 ± 14 mg/m3, we observed a significant increase in sera interleukin-2 and interferon-&ggr; levels and a reduction in interleukin-4 concentrations compared with those of workers from the internal and external control groups. Conclusions: This study provides the first report on quantitative immune changes induced by occupational exposure to low levels of trichloroethylene and strongly suggests that exposure to this substance alters immunohomeostasis in humans with possible effects on health.
Effects of Intra-Amniotic Endotoxin on Lung Structure and Function Two Months After Term Birth in Sheep

Objective: Intra-amniotic endotoxin causes chorioamnionitis and results in improved lung function after preterm delivery in sheep. Our aim was to determine the effects on lung structure and function after term birth in lambs exposed to intra-amniotic or intra-allantoic endotoxin. Methods: At 119 days' gestation, pregnant ewes bearing singleton fetuses received intra-amniotic or intra-allantoic injections of either saline (allantoic, n = 1; amniotic, n = 10) or Escherichia coli (055:B5) endoxin (allantoic, n = 5; amniotic, n = 7). Amniotic or allantoic fluid was aspirated for white blood cell counts 24 hours after the injections. Ewes (n = 20) were allowed to deliver spontaneously. At 8 weeks' postnatal age we measured ventilation, lung volumes, and compliance in the offsprig and collected their lungs for morphologic analysis. Results: Higher amniotic or allantoic cell counts were confined to the fluid space into which endotoxin was injected. Saline injections did not increase amniotic or allantoic white blood cell counts. Gestation length, birth weight, and postnatal growth were unaffected by endotoxin treatments. Lung volumes and compliances at 8 weeks of age were not different between saline-treated and endotoxin-treated groups. Lung morphometry was not significantly altered by endotoxin, with one minor exception. interlobular septal volume was increased by intra-amniotic endotoxin, but this effect had no functional consequences. Conclusions: Intra-amniotic or intra-allantoic endotoxin caused a localized inflammatory response but did not cause preterm delivery or intrauterine growth restriction. The functional improvements and corresponding structural alterations in the lungs of preterm lambs, reported previously in this model, were not associated with improved or impaired long function or marked alterations in lung structure 2 months after birth at term.
Flamingo, a seven‐pass transmembrane cadherin, cooperates with Netrin/Frazzled in Drosophila midline guidance

During central nervous system development, several guidance cues and receptors, as well as cell adhesion molecules, are required for guiding axons across the midline and along the anterior–posterior axis. In Drosophila, commissural axons sense the midline attractants Netrin A and B (Net) through Frazzled (Fra) receptors. Despite their importance, lack of Net or fra affects only some commissures, suggesting that additional molecules can fulfill this function. Recently, planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins have been implicated in midline axon guidance in both vertebrate and invertebrate systems. Here, we report that the atypical cadherin and PCP molecule Flamingo/Starry night (Fmi/Stan) acts jointly with Net/Fra signaling during midline development. Additional removal of fmi strongly increases the guidance defects in Net/fra mutants. Rescue and domain deletion experiments suggest that Fmi signaling facilitates commissural pathfinding potentially by mediating axonal fasciculation in a partly homophilic manner. Altogether, our results indicate that contact‐mediated cell adhesion via Fmi acts in addition to the Net/Fra guidance system during axon pathfinding across the midline, underlining the importance of PCP molecules during vertebrates and invertebrates midline development.