Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association analysis for pod yield and component characters in dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus L.)

The experimental material comprised genotypes of Lablab purpureus collected from different parts of India. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed that number of pods plant-1, pod width, pod weight and pod length had positive correlation with pod yield plant-1. The traits like number of branches and leaf length showed positive relation with yield at the same time days to 50% flowering and days to first picking showed negative effect on yield. Hence, direct selection for these characters may lead to the development of high pod yielding Dolichos genotypes. Path analysis revealed that selection based on number of pods plant-1, pod weight could be effective in developing high yielding genotypes of Dolichos bean for Vindhyan Zone.
Decision Support for Blood Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients

Description: Hyperglycemia in intensive care patients is associated with increased mortality and prolonged illness. Tight blood glucose control reduces mortality and morbidity in some groups of critically ill patients, but increases the risk of hypoglycemia. Fear of hypoglycemia, and the required time and effort have yet prohibited tight blood glucose control to become a standard of care in intensive care units.
A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF RATE AND DETERMINANTS OF CAESAREAN SECTIONS AMONG MOTHERS ATTENDING GOVERNMENT MATERNITY HOSPITAL, HYDERABAD

Background: Caesarean sections (CS) were introduced in clinical practice as a life saving measure for both the mother and the baby. Caesarean section rates are increasing worldwide and a rapid increase has been observed in India. The rising CS rates are a major public health problem because it increases the health risk of both mother and baby. Objectives: 1. To determine the rate of caesarean sections in the Government Maternity hospital. 2. To identify the various determinants and factors for caesarean sections. Materials and methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted. A total of 690 deliveries in Govt. Maternity hospital constituted the study group. Demographic characteristics, literacy, income, birth order, health problems and indications for caesarean section were studied. Data was analyzed using excel and Epi Info. Results: Two hundred and fifty five (36.9%) deliveries were by caesarean section, out of which repeat Csections were 22%, obstructed labour 18.5% and Fetal distress 16%. Conclusions: The results of the present study revealed a very high rate of caesarean sections, with repeat sections constituting a major portion of it. This could be reduced by reducing primary caesarean sections,
A study of otoacoustic emissions in type 1 diabetes mellitus

The aim of this study was to investigate the functional properties of the cochlea in subjects with type 1 (insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus. Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were measured in 21 normally hearing, well controlled, type 1 diabetic patients aged 23–42 years (mean 31.6 years) and in an age‐ and sex‐matched healthy, non‐diabetic, normally hearing control subjects. Mean TEOAE amplitude was found to be significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in the diabetic patients (mean 9.0 ± 1.7 dB SPL) compared with those of the control group (mean 13.1 ± 2.74 dB SPL). It was also found that the most significant reduction (p = 0.001) in the response was in the group of patients with diabetic microangiopathy (mean 7.3 ± 0.78 dB SPL) but those who had diabetic neuropathy exhibited similar reduction in the TEOAE response (mean 9.9 ± 0.93 dB SPL) to the group of patients with uncomplicated diabetes (p = 0.8). These early changes are mild and sub‐clinical and can only be detected by TEOAEs. We conclude from this study that TEOAE testing provides a simple, quick and non‐invasive method for the assessment of the cochlear receptor in the diabetic patient. Further longitudinal studies are suggested to establish such a progressive relationship.
Intra-abdominal adiposity, abdominal obesity, and cardiometabolic risk

Preferential fat deposition in the abdomen—between and within viscera—has been linked with cardiometabolic risk. We review data obtained in vivo in subjects with obesity and/or diabetes using magnetic resonance imaging (to quantify fat depots), and positron emitting tomography to quantify glucose uptake (18FDG) and blood flow (H215O) under conditions of euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia (clamp technique). Abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is small in amount, is dependent on sex, body mass index, and age and is variably related to waist circumference. VAT is inherently more insulin-sensitive than subcutaneous fat; both show impaired glucose uptake in conditions of whole-body insulin resistance. Furthermore, in VAT, insulin sensitivity declines with mass and is directly related to blood flow, possibly reflecting the cellular phenotype of hypertrophic adipose tissue. Nevertheless, in obesity the expanded fat mass makes a greater contribution to overall glucose disposal, thereby providing a compensatory mechanism to the insulin resistance of glucose metabolism. Fat accumulation impairs the ability of target tissues to respond to insulin. On the other hand, it provides a safe repository for excess calories and glucose. The balance between the two sides may set individual disease risk. Fat deposition in ‘forbidden’ sites (VAT, liver) signals risk well beyond the amount of fat itself.
Evaluation of the incidence, nature of injury and clinical outcomes of head injuries in North Eastern part of India -

Background : Incidence of head injuries/ traumatic brain injuris(TBI) is increasing day by day,and this is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Objectives : To evaluate the incidence ,nature of injury and clinical outcomes of head injuries in North eastern part of India. Material and Methods : 1300 patients of head injury were included in the study. On presentation a patients clinical status is grossly assessed with the Glasgow Coma Scales (GCS). X-ray cervical spine in suspicious cases and Non contrast computed tomography scan was done of all head injury patients . Result : 21-40 years age group (40.0%) was most commonly affected and most of patients (74%) were male . Road traffic accident (47.07%) was most common cause of head injury followed by fall from height (32%) . Overall mortality in total head injury patient was 13% . According to GCS al 368 (43.5%) patients of severe head injury patient expired while mortality in moderate grade injury was 5.6% and 100% of mild head injury patients were saved . A total of 532 (40.92%) patients had skull bone fracture and among bone fracture simple bone fracture was most common. Conclusion : Most of the injuries occur more commonly in certain age groups, at certain localities and mostly in male. So the knowledge about the causes and pattern of head injury may be extremely helpful in making preventive policies. Key words : head injury, Road traffic accident, GCS
Proceedings of the International Consensus on Periprosthetic Joint Infection.

Louis Pasteur once said that: "Fortune favours the prepared mind. " As one of the great scientists who contributed to the fight against infection, he emphasised the importance of being prepared at all times to recognise infection and deal with it. Despite the many scientific discoveries and technological advances, such as the advent of antibiotics and the use of sterile techniques, infection continues to be a problem that haunts orthopaedic surgeons and inflicts suffering on patients. The medical community has implemented many practices with the intention of preventing infection and treating it effectively when it occurs. Although high-level evidence may support some of these practices, many are based on little to no scientific foundation. Thus, around the world, there is great variation in practices for the prevention and management of periprosthetic joint infection. This paper summaries the instigation, conduct and findings of a recent International Consensus Meeting on Surgical Site and Periprosthetic Joint Infection.
The impact of HIV education on nurses and nurse-midwives in Uganda

Over the past three decades, the HIV epidemic has gained a stranglehold in sub-Saharan Africa, where 10% of the world‟s population comprises more than 60% of all people living with the disease. Recent initiatives to boost prevention and treatment interventions are beginning to yield modest but promising results, as infection rates slowly start to stabilize. However, continued improvement will require aggressive and unrelenting efforts to prepare and equip a workforce for the tremendous challenges that remain. The purpose of this critical ethnography was to explore the impact of an intensive 6-month HIV/AIDS education program on the lives of 24 Ugandan registered nurses and nurse-midwives who worked at a large referral hospital. The study began following completion of the course and involved participant observation and semi-structured interviews for 18 weeks over a 2-year period. The findings are presented in this dissertation, which consists of four published or publishable manuscripts along with introductory and concluding chapters. The first paper describes the impact of education on the personal, professional, and social lives of the participants, and provides an account of their new ways of viewing themselves as nurses, leaders, and advocates. The second paper addresses ethical issues concerning the conduct of research in international settings. The third paper identifies the phenomenon of moral distress as it manifested in the participants, and the effects of education on their ability to transform practice and attitudes. The final paper examines the congruence between the critical qualitative methodology used in the study and the concept of cultural safety in the context of international nursing research. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of the crucial role of continuing professional education for the development of a strong and responsive nursing workforce that is prepared to contribute leadership and vision to addressing the obstacles presented by HIV and AIDS. Dealing effectively with the epidemic requires numerous interventions at various levels; the potential synergies offered by a small investment in education may have far-reaching effects. Finally, implications for nursing practice are presented along with suggestions for further research.
Age Typical Associations between Skeletal Muscle Mass and Bone Mass among Healthy Women

Age Typical Associations between Skeletal Muscle Mass and Bone Mass among Healthy Women Human body composition changes through the process of ageing. Beside a well documented increase in fat mass, bone mass and muscle mass decline progressively, resulting in pathologically deceased skeletal muscle mass, i.e. sarcopenia and osteoporosis, in the worst case. Both reduced bone density and reduced muscle mass have dramatic consequences, such as impaired functional performance, increased risk of falls, and consequently, an increased risk of fragility fractures.
Kangaroo Mother Versus Traditional Care for Newborn Infants ≤2000 Grams: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Background. In 1978, kangaroo mother care (KMC) was proposed as a caring alternative for low birth weight (LBW) infants. We are reporting here early outcomes of a randomized, controlled trial comparing KMC to traditional care. Method. An open randomized, controlled trial was conducted in a large tertiary care hospital. All newborn infants ≤2000 g, surviving the neonatal period and being eligible for a minimal care unit, were included. A total of 1084 newborns ≤2000 g were followed, and 746 were randomized—382 to KMC and 364 to traditional care. KMC infants were discharged after randomization, regardless of weight or gestational age. Infants spent 24 hours per day in an upright position, in skin-to-skin contact, and attached to the mother9s chest. After randomization, control infants remained at the minimal care unit until meeting usual discharge criteria. Both groups are being followed up to 12 months of corrected age; 679 (90%) were available for evaluation when they reached term (40 to 41 weeks of postconceptional age). The present paper reports early outcomes (when reaching term) including mortality, infectious episodes, hospital stay after eligibility, and growth and feeding patterns. Results. Both study groups were similar regarding all baseline variables but weight at eligibility. The risk of dying was similar in both groups (relative risk = 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.22–1.6). There were no differences in growth indices. Nosocomial infections were more frequent in control infants. Hospital stay after eligibility was shorter in KMC, primarily for infants ≤1800 g. Conclusions. These results show that KMC is a safe approach to the care of clinically stable LBW infants. Our findings provide the necessary scientific support to a method that is already incorporated in the care of LBW infants at many hospitals around the world and at different levels of care.
A six year retrospective study of maternal mortality at a tertiary teaching institute in Uttarpradesh

Background: A high maternal mortality ratio is a serious public health issue in India. The lack of monitoring of pregnant mothers contributes to maternal deaths. Aims & Objectives: This To study the incidence of maternal mortality and the causes of maternal mortality at a tertiary care (teaching) institute over a period of 6 years from January 2006 – December 2010. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of maternal deaths from hospital records. Results: As per present study, MMR was 1180 per 100,000 live births. Haemorrhage (53%) was the leading cause of death. Anaemia was a contributory factor in almost all cases (63%) & most of the deaths were associated with intrauterine fetal deaths (71%). Conclusion: MMR of the institute was very high, because most patients were referred cases with no antenatal care.
A pilot study on the effect of exercise and abdominal massage on bowel habit in continuing care patients

In this pilot study the effects of exercise and abdominal massage on intestinal transit time, bowel habit, faecal incontinence and the use of laxatives and enemas were determined in 12 immobile, longstay patients for 12 weeks. Daily records of bowel habit, faecal incontinence and the use of laxatives and enemas were made for six weeks before and for 12 weeks during the programme. No significant differences (p = 0.26) were found in the transit times before and after treatment. Episodes of faecal incontinence were significantly decreased (p = 0.0002), with a significant increase in the number of bowel motions (p = 0.0006). The number of enemas given was reduced (p < 0.0001) and just one patient took one laxative. In the absence of a control group, these results could simply be due to discontinuing bowel medication, rather than exercise and massage. Further definitive research should be carried out to establish the effectiveness of exercise and abdominal massage in treating constipation in the continuing care unit.
Appendicular Bone Density and Age Predict Hip Fracture in Women

To determine whether measurement of bone density predicts hip fracture in women, we prospectively studied 9703 nonblack women aged 65 years and older who had measurements of bone mineral density using single-photon absorptiometry in the calcaneus, distal radius, and proximal radius. During an average of 1.6 years of follow-up, 53 hip fractures occurred. The risk of hip fracture was inversely related to bone density at all three measurement sites. After adjusting for age, the relative risk of hip fracture was 1.66 for a decrease of 1 SD in the bone density at the calcaneus (95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 2.26), 1.55 (95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 2.11) at the distal radius, and 1.41 (95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.88) at the proximal radius. None of the three measurements was a significantly better predictor of hip fracture than the others. After adjusting for bone mineral density, the risk of hip fracture doubled for each 10-year increase in age (relative risk, 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.31 to 3.33). We conclude that decreased bone density in the appendicular skeleton is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture, but this accounts for only part of the age-related increase in risk of hip fracture among older women. ( JAMA . 1990;263:665-668)
Efficacy and safety of pimobendan in canine heart failure caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of pimobendan by comparing it with ramipril over a six-month period in dogs with mild to moderate heart failure (HF) caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Methods: This was a prospective randomised, single-blind, parallel-group trial. Client-owned dogs (n=43) with mild to moderate HF caused by MMVD were randomly assigned to one of two groups, which received either pimobendan (P dogs) or ramipril (R dogs) for six months. The outcome measures studied were: adverse HF outcome, defined as failure to complete the trial as a direct consequence of HF; maximum furosemide dose (mg/kg/day) administered during the study period; and any requirement for additional visits to the clinic as a direct consequence of HF. Results: Treatment with pimobendan was well tolerated compared with treatment with ramipril. P dogs were 25 per cent as likely as R dogs to have an adverse HF outcome (odds ratio 4.09, 95 per cent confidence interval 1.03 to 16.3, P=0.046). Clinical Significance: R dogs had a higher overall score and thus may have had more advanced disease than P dogs at baseline (P=0.04). These results should be interpreted cautiously but such a high odds ratio warrants further investigation.
Cerebral and cardiovascular dynamics in response to orthostatic stress

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Enzymatische Glucosebestimmung in hämolysierten Blutproben ohne Störung durch Fructose

Glucose kann im Hämolysat nach Ausschaltung störender Erythrocytenenzyme zuverlässig mit der Hexokinasemethode über die NADPHFluoreszenz bestimmt werden. Inaktivierung der Erythrocyten-Phosphoglucose-Isomerase, und damit Eliminierung der bisher problematischen Fructoseinterferenz, wird auf einfache Weise durch Hämolyse mit 0,lx Essigsäure erreicht. Die beschriebene Methode zeichnet sich durch geringen Zeitaufwand und ökonomische Reagenziennutzung aus und eignet sich auch besonders für Routineuntersuchungen.
PDGF-C is a proinflammatory cytokine that mediates renal interstitial fibrosis.

PDGF-C is a potent mitogen for fibroblasts in vitro. Transgenic PDGF-C overexpression in the heart or liver induces organ fibrosis, and PDGF-C expression is upregulated at sites of interstitial fibrosis in human and rat kidneys; however, the effect of inhibiting PDGF-C on the development of renal fibrosis in vivo is unknown. Renal fibrosis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and then mice were treated with neutralizing anti–PDGF-C antiserum or nonspecific IgG. An increase in PDGF-C expression was observed in fibrotic areas after UUO, contributed in large part by infiltrating macrophages. Treatment with anti–PDGF-C reduced renal fibrosis by 30% at day 5 and reduced interstitial myofibroblast accumulation by 57%. In vitro, PDGF-C was a potent mitogen for renal fibroblasts and induced chemokine expression. In vivo, anti–PDGF-C treatment produced a decrease in the expression of the renal chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 (85 and 67% reductions, respectively), accompanied by a significant decrease in leukocyte infiltration and CCR2 mRNA expression. Further supporting a role of PDGF-C in renal fibrosis, PDGF-C−/− mice demonstrated a reduction in fibrosis and leukocyte infiltration in response to UUO compared with wild-type littermates. In conclusion, specific neutralization or lack of PDGF-C reduces the development of renal inflammation and fibrosis in obstructed mouse kidneys. Leukocyte-derived PDGF-C induces chemokine expression, which may lead to the recruitment of additional leukocytes, creating an amplification loop for renal inflammation and fibrosis.
Is computer navigation when used in the surgery of iliosacral pelvic bone tumours safer for the patient?

Aims Due to the complex anatomy of the pelvis, limb‐sparing resections of pelvic tumours achieving adequate surgical margins, can often be difficult. The advent of computer navigation has improved the precision of resection of these lesions, though there is little evidence comparing resection with or without the assistance of navigation. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of navigation‐assisted surgery for the resection of pelvic bone tumours involving the posterior ilium and sacrum. Patients and Methods Using our prospectively updated institutional database, we conducted a retrospective case control study of 21 patients who underwent resection of the posterior ilium and sacrum, for the treatment of a primary sarcoma of bone, between 1987 and 2015. The resection was performed with the assistance of navigation in nine patients and without navigation in 12. We assessed the accuracy of navigation‐assisted surgery, as defined by the surgical margin and how this affects the rate of local recurrence, the disease‐free survival and the effects on peri‐and post‐operative morbidity. Results The mean age of the patients was 36.4 years (15 to 66). The mean size of the tumour was 10.9 cm. In the navigation‐assisted group, the margin was wide in two patients (16.7%), marginal in six (66.7%) and wide‐contaminated in one (11.1%) with no intralesional margin. In the non‐navigated‐assisted group; the margin was wide in two patients (16.7%), marginal in five (41.7%), intralesional in three (25.0%) and wide‐contaminated in two (16.7%). Local recurrence occurred in two patients in the navigation‐assisted group (22.2%) and six in the non‐navigation‐assisted group (50.0%). The disease‐free survival was significantly better when operated with navigation‐assistance (p = 0.048). The blood loss and operating time were less in the navigated‐assisted group, as was the risk of a foot drop post‐operatively. Conclusion The introduction of navigation‐assisted surgery for the resection of tumours of the posterior ilium and sacrum has increased the safety for the patients and allows for a better oncological outcome.