Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soft Information and Economic Activity: Evidence from the Beige Book

This study employs text-analysis software to analyze the contents of the Federal Reserve Beige Book summary of national economic and business conditions, with a particular focus on the predictive content of the text. We show that the Beige Book language is a good predictor of economic turning points as it often provides an early indication of future economic activities. During economic upswings, positive tone becomes more prominent and negative tone becomes less prominent. In addition, this study is the first to document that Beige Book tone affects stock market volatility and trading volume.
Hypothermia prevents gliosis and angiogenesis development in an experimental model of ischemic proliferative retinopathy.

PURPOSE To develop a time course study of vascularization and glial response to perinatal asphyxia in hypoxic-ischemic animals, and to evaluate hypothermia as possible protective treatment. METHODS We used retinas of 7-, 15-, 21-, and 30-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats that were exposed to perinatal asphyxia at either 37°C (PA) or 15°C (HYP). Born to term animals were used as controls (CTL). We evaluated the thickness of the most inner layers of the retina (IR), including internal limiting membrane, the retinal nerve fiber layer, and the ganglion cell layer; and studied glial development, neovascularization, adrenomedullin (AM), and VEGF by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. RESULTS A significant increment in IR thickness was observed in the PA group from postnatal day (PND) 15 on. This alteration was concordant with an increased number of new vessels and increased GFAP expression. The immunolocalization of GFAP in the internal limiting membrane and perivascular glia of the IR and in the inner processes of Müller cells was coexpressed with AM, which was also significantly increased from PND7 in PA animals. In addition, VEGF expression was immunolocalized in cells of the ganglion cell layer of the IR and this expression significantly increased in the PA group from PND15 on. The retinas of the HYP group did not show differences when compared with CTL at any age. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that aberrant angiogenesis and exacerbated gliosis seem to be responsible for the increased thickness of the inner retina as a consequence of perinatal asphyxia, and that hypothermia is able to prevent these alterations.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus:current knowledge and unmet needs

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global health concern, not only because its prevalence is high and on the increase, but also because of the potential implications for the health of mothers and their offspring. Unfortunately, there is considerable controversy in the literature surrounding the diagnosis and treatment of GDM, as well as the possible long‐term consequences for the offspring. As a result, worldwide there is a lack of uniformly accepted diagnostic criteria and the advice regarding the treatment of GDM, including diet, insulin therapy, and the use of oral blood glucose‐lowering agents, is highly variable. In this review we provide an overview of the important issues in the field of GDM, including diagnostic criteria, different treatment regimens available, and the long‐term consequences of GDM in the offspring.
Image Sponsoring: A Methodology to Match Event and Sponsor

This study is part of a larger investigation concerned with a methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of image sponsoring. The notion of image, which is equivalent to the idea of social representation from social psychology, is central to this series of studies. This study was concerned with the similarities and dissimilarities in the images or social representations of the Lyon's Tennis Grand Prix, France (GPTL) and Perrier, a seller of mineral water. In the first phase, a convenience sample of 80 subjects was presented with a list of 300 adjectives and requested to identify those adjectives that described the tennis event and Perrier, Frequency analyses of these responses showed that 23 adjectives were most often cited as representative of the tennis event, while 16 were cited as representative of Perrier. These items were used in the construction of a semantic differential scale, which was administered to 162 randomly selected subjects who were familiar with both the tennis event and Perrier. Canonic.
Confusing procedures with process when appraising the impact of cognitive bias modification on emotional vulnerability†.

If meta-analysis is to provide valuable answers, then it is critical to ensure clarity about the questions being asked. Here, we distinguish two important questions concerning cognitive bias modification research that are not differentiated in the meta-analysis recently published by Cristea et al (2015) in this journal: (1) do the varying procedures that investigators have employed with the intention of modifying cognitive bias, on average, significantly impact emotional vulnerability? ; and (2) does the process of successfully modifying cognitive bias, on average, significantly impact emotional vulnerability? We reanalyse the data from Cristea et al to address this latter question. Our new analyses demonstrate that successfully modifying cognitive bias does significantly alter emotional vulnerability. We revisit Cristea et al's conclusions in light of these findings.
The Impact of Damping on Flicker Frequency Noise of AlN Piezoelectric MEMS Resonators

This paper presents a detailed study on the effect of damping on flicker frequency (1/f) noise of 1.1-GHz aluminum nitride (AlN) contour mode resonators (CMRs). A total of 52 different AlN CMRs with different sizes, electrode designs, and anchor types are systemically designed and fabricated to give a wide range of quality factors (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from 300 to 3500, allowing the study of how two major damping mechanisms in AlN CMRs: 1) anchor losses; and 2) thermoelastic damping affect the resonator 1/f noise. In total, we have measured 1/f noise of 104 CMRs using the modified homodyne noise measurement setup and the results confirm that 1/f noise shows a clear power law dependency ranging from 1/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q^{2.7}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to 1/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q^{3.5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, depending on the main nature of the damping mechanism. Additionally, we have measured 1/f noise of 25 CMRs at 10 K and the results follow the trend observed at ambient temperature. Understanding and accounting for the effect of damping on 1/f noise are crucial for building ultra-low noise microelectromechanical systems resonators for sensing, timing, and frequency applications. [2016-0204]
Risk of intussusception after monovalent rotavirus vaccination.

BACKGROUND Although current rotavirus vaccines were not associated with an increased risk of intussusception in large trials before licensure, recent postlicensure data from international settings suggest the possibility of a small increase in risk of intussusception after monovalent rotavirus vaccination. We examined this risk in a population in the United States. METHODS Participants were infants between the ages of 4 and 34 weeks who were enrolled in six integrated health care organizations in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) project. We reviewed medical records and visits for intussusception within 7 days after monovalent rotavirus vaccination from April 2008 through March 2013. Using sequential analyses, we then compared the risk of intussusception among children receiving monovalent rotavirus vaccine with historical background rates. We further compared the risk after monovalent rotavirus vaccination with the risk in a concurrent cohort of infants who received the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine. RESULTS During the study period, 207,955 doses of monovalent rotavirus vaccine (including 115,908 first doses and 92,047 second doses) were administered in the VSD population. We identified 6 cases of intussusception within 7 days after the administration of either dose of vaccine. For the two doses combined, the expected number of intussusception cases was 0.72, resulting in a significant relative risk of 8.4. For the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, 1,301,810 doses were administered during the study period, with 8 observed intussusception cases (7.11 expected), for a nonsignificant relative risk of 1.1. The relative risk of chart-confirmed intussusception within 7 days after monovalent rotavirus vaccination, as compared with the risk after pentavalent rotavirus vaccination, was 9.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 103.8). The attributable risk of intussusception after the administration of two doses of monovalent rotavirus vaccine was estimated to be 5.3 per 100,000 infants vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective postlicensure study of more than 200,000 doses of monovalent rotavirus vaccine, we observed a significant increase in the rate of intussusception after vaccination, a risk that must be weighed against the benefits of preventing rotavirus-associated illness. (Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.).
Herpes zoster infection risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on tumour necrosis factor inhibitors

We read with interest the study conducted by Galloway and colleagues on the risk of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) and herpes zoster (HZ) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists versus non-biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (nbDMARDs). 1 This study highlights the occurrence of common infections, such as SSTI and more uncommon infections such as HZ, when TNF antagonists and nbDMARDs are used in patients with RA with several …
Influence via Comparison-Driven Self-Evaluation and Restoration: The Case of the Low-Status Influencer

Ample research shows that consumers accept influence from a source they identify with and reject influence from a source they wish to dissociate from. The current article moves beyond the well-established identification principle and delineates a new influence process. Influence via comparison-driven self-evaluation and restoration (CDSER) takes place when one observes a counterstereotypical product user and, as a result, questions one's relative standing on the trait that the product symbolizes. In response to this threatening self-evaluation, the observer becomes more interested in the target product. To clearly distinguish CDSER from identification influence, the current investigation focuses on product users with a low socioeconomic status (SES). In contrast to the predictions of the identification principle, this article demonstrates that low-SES users can in some circumstances positively influence observers and increase their purchase intentions. The "low-status user effect" and the CDSER mechanism are demonstrated across multiple product categories in four studies.
Gerstmann Meets Geschwind

That disconnection causes clinical symptoms is a very influential concept in behavioral neurology. Criteria for subcortical disconnection usually are symptoms that are distinct from those following cortical lesions and damage to a single, long-range fiber tract. Yet, a recent study combining functional magnetic resonance imaging and fiber tracking concluded that a focal lesion in left parietal white matter provides the only tenable explanation for pure Gerstmann’s syndrome, an enigmatic tetrad of acalculia, agraphia, finger agnosia, and left-right disorientation. Such a lesion would affect not only a single fiber tract but crossing or “kissing” of different fiber tracts and hence disconnect separate cortical networks. As fiber crossing is prominent in the cerebral white matter, the authors propose an extension to the subcortical disconnection framework that opens the door to ascribing a more diversified clinical phenomenology to white matter damage and ensuing disconnection than has been the case so far.
Lamivudine resistance in untreated chronic hepatitis B patients in Turkey.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Hepatitis B virus infection is an epidemiological problem throughout the world, including in Turkey. Lamivudine is one of the hepatitis B virus reverse-transcriptase inhibitors used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Lamivudine resistance can develop not only following treatment; it can also be seen in untreated patients. This resistance is related with structural changes in the tyrosine-methionine- aspartate-aspartate motif of the polymerase enzyme gene. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence of lamivudine resistance in Turkish chronic hepatitis B virus-infected patients with D genotype before antiviral treatment. METHODS Seventyseven patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection were evaluated for viral loads, HBeAg, anti-HBe antibody, ALT levels, histological activity index, and tyrosine-methionine-aspartateaspartate mutations. RESULTS Tyrosine-methionine-aspartateaspartate motif mutations were determined in 3 of 24 HBeAg positive and 3 of 53 anti-HBe positive patients with a rate of 7.8%. Two of the mutations were YIDD and 4 were YVDD. Median ALT value in patients with mutations was 88 IU/L (range 55-276) and histological activity index was 9 (range 6-10); these values in patients without mutations were 58 (range 19- 176) and 10 (range 2-18), respectively. Knodell fibrosis scores of patients were as follows: 0: 13.2%, 1: 28.9%, 2: 21.1%, 3: 34.2%, and 4: 2.6%. There were no significant differences between the patients regarding Knodell fibrosis scores. One patient was diagnosed as cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of chronic hepatitis B virus patients for lamivudine resistance and planning the treatment accordingly may prevent complications and can increase the effectiveness of the treatment.
Acetaminophen decreases early post-thoracotomy ipsilateral shoulder pain in patients with thoracic epidural analgesia: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE Despite effective epidural analgesia, up to 85% of post-thoracotomy patients complain of moderate-to-severe ipsilateral shoulder pain. This study assessed the efficacy of acetaminophen in decreasing postoperative shoulder pain after a thoracotomy. DESIGN Double-blind randomized and placebo-controlled study. SETTING University medical center. PARTICIPANTS 65 patients. INTERVENTION Patients were randomized into 2 groups; 31 patients received acetaminophen (group A), and 34 patients received a placebo (group P). After induction of anesthesia, patients received either a loading dose of acetaminophen, 1000 mg intrarectally, or a placebo suppository. Thereafter, acetaminophen, 650 mg, or a placebo, was administered intrarectally every 4 hours for 48 hours postoperatively. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Postoperative pain at the surgical site and shoulder pain were assessed separately every 4 hours for 48 hours using a numerical rating scale (NRS). Rescue analgesia for severe shoulder pain (NRS > 7) consisted of subcutaneous hydromorphone. Sixty-three patients experienced shoulder pain (97% prevalence). Demographic and intraoperative data were similar between the 2 groups. Average NRS for shoulder pain was higher in group P compared with group A at 8, 12, and 16 hours postoperatively (3.1 +/- 2.9, 2.6 +/- 2.6, 2.3 +/- 2.4 vs 1.8 +/- 2.6, 1.2 +/- 1.5, 1.3 +/- 1.8; P < 0.05). The total dose of hydromorphone did not differ between the 2 groups at 16, 24, and 48 hours. CONCLUSION Acetaminophen decreases post-thoracotomy ipsilateral shoulder pain when given preemptively and regularly during the first 48 hours postoperatively in patients who received thoracic epidural analgesia.
Predictors of Nurses’ Intentions to Work During the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic

ObjectiveThis study examined potential predictors of nurses’ intentions to work during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. MethodsA questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 1,200 nurses chosen from all RNs and LPNs registered with the Maine State Board of Nursing during the second wave of the flu pandemic. ResultsOf the 735 respondents, 90% initially indicated that they intended to work during a flu pandemic. Respondents were significantly more likely to work if provided with adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) but significantly less likely without adequate PPE or if they feared family members could become ill with pandemic flu. They were also significantly less likely to work if assigned to direct care of a flu patient; if a colleague were quarantined for or died of pandemic flu; if they feared their own family members might die of pandemic flu; if they themselves were ill for any reason; if a family member or loved one were sick at home and needed care; if they lacked a written family protection plan; or if certain incentives were offered: antiviral medication or vaccine for nurse and family, double pay, or free room and board at work. About 7% of RNs reported that they would not be willing to work during a flu pandemic, regardless of incentives or other factors. An inverse relationship was found between the perceived level of threat posed by a flu pandemic and nurses’ willingness to work. ConclusionsTo maintain an adequate nursing workforce during a flu pandemic, employers should ensure that policies and procedures include providing adequate PPE for nurses and safeguarding the health of nurses and their families. The level of perceived threat is likely to affect the proportion of nurses willing to work. Some nurses will not work during a flu pandemic no matter what protections and incentives are offered; efforts intended to force or entice all nurses to work are unlikely to succeed.
Mitochondrial GTPase mitofusin 2 mutations in Korean patients with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth neuropathy type 2

Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) is classified into two types, the demyelinating (CMT1) and axonal forms (CMT2). CMT2 is further subdivided by linkage analysis into eight subgroups. Recently, mutations in the MFN2 gene, which encodes the mitochondrial GTPase mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) that regulates the mitochondrial network architecture by fusing the mitochondria, were identified in CMT2A patients. This study carried out mutation analysis of the MFN2 gene in 12 unrelated Korean patients suspected of having CMT2 and identified four mutations (Arg94Trp, His165Arg, Ser263Pro, and Ser350Pro). Three mutations were found within the highly conserved GTPase domain that is essential for the function of Mfn2, and one mutation (Ser350Pro) was observed between the GTPase domain and the downstream coiled‐coil domain. This suggests that mutations in the MFN2 gene are an important causative gene underlying Korean patients with CMT2, and screening for a mutation in the MFN2 gene is strongly recommended for making a molecular diagnosis of CMT2.
Combined Use of Alcohol and Energy Drinks Increases Participation in High-Risk Drinking and Driving Behaviors Among College Students.

OBJECTIVE A recent study suggested that college students who combined alcohol and energy drinks were more likely than students who consumed only alcohol to drive when their blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was higher than the . 08% limit and to choose to drive despite knowing they had too much alcohol to drive safely. This study sought to replicate those findings with a larger sample while also exploring additional variables related to impaired driving. METHOD College students (N = 549) completed an anonymous online survey to assess differences in drinking and driving-related behaviors between alcohol-only users (n = 281) and combined alcohol-energy drink users (n = 268). RESULTS Combined users were more likely than alcohol-only users to choose to (a) drive when they perceived they were over the . 08% BAC limit (35.0% vs. 18.1%, p < .001), (b) drive despite knowing they had too much alcohol to drive safely (36.3% vs. 17.0%, p < .001), and (c) be a passenger when they knew the driver had too much alcohol to drive safely (44.1% vs. 23.6%, p < .001). Combined users were significantly more likely (p < .001) to report indicators of high-risk alcohol use, such as larger number of drinks consumed, number of days drinking, number of days drunk, number of heavy episodic drinking episodes, greatest number of drinks on one occasion, and average hours of consumption. CONCLUSIONS Combined use of alcohol and energy drinks may place drinkers at greater risk when compared with those who consume only alcohol. College students in this sample who combined alcohol and energy drinks were more likely to participate in high-risk driving behaviors than those who consumed only alcohol.
The extent and nature of ideological selective exposure online: Combining survey responses with actual web log data from the 2013 Israeli Elections

Do users tend to consume only like-minded political information online? We point to two problems with the existing knowledge about this debate. First, the measurement of media preferences by the typical means of surveys is less reliable than behavioral data. Second, most studies have analyzed only the extent of online exposure to like-minded content, not the users’ complete web-browsing repertoire. This study used both survey data and real-life browsing behavior (661,483 URLs from 15,976 websites visited by 402 participants) for the period 7 weeks prior to the 2013 Israeli national elections. The results indicate that (1) self-report measurements of ideological exposure are inflated, (2) exposure to online ideological content accounted for only 3% of total online browsing, (3) the participants’ media repertoires are very diverse with no evidence of echo chambers, and (4) in accordance with the selective exposure hypothesis, individuals on both sides are more exposed to like-minded content. The results are discussed in light of the selective exposure literature.
Infl uence of FCGR 3 AV 212 F and TNFRSF 1 BM 196 R genotypes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infl iximab therapy

1Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; 2Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Pellegrin, Bordeaux Cedex, France. *These authors contributed equally to the work. Caroline Rooryck, MD; Thomas Barnetche, PhD; Christophe Richez, MD; Anatole Laleye, MD; Benoît Arveiler, Professor; Thierry Schaeverbeke, Professor. The experimental work was performed at the Genotyping and Sequencing Facility of Bordeaux which was established thanks to grants from the Conseil Régional d’Aquitaine (n°20030304002FA and n°20040305003FA) and from the FEDER (n°2003227). Follow-up of patients was performed thanks to fi nancial supports from the Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique (PHRC). Please address correspondence to: Dr. Caroline Rooryck. Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France. E-mail: caroline.rooryck-thambo@u-bordeaux2.fr Received on May 2, 2007; accepted in revised form on October 5, 2007. © Copyright CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOLOGY 2008.