Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building motivation and sustainability into the prescription and recommendations for physical activity and exercise therapy: The evidence

Client adherence to exercises prescribed by a physical therapist is very important to successful treatment outcomes. Unfortunately, many clients struggle with adherence and thus efficient and effective motivational interventions are desirable. The purpose of this article was to review the available evidence for: 1) the modifiable factors associated with adherence to physical therapy recommended exercise and 2) the efficacy of exercise intervention efforts to make conclusions and suggestions toward practice. Articles were limited to English peer-reviewed journals and published from 1993 to 2008. Major findings from 13 studies were summarized based on common subtopics of: outcome expectations, self-efficacy expectations, cognitive-behavioural and educational interventions, and intervention medium. The review provided evidence for the importance of self-efficacy in exercise adherence to physical therapy, but it showed that current cognitive-behavioural interventions have had limited effectiveness. It was recommended that future research broaden the scope of predictor variables with social ecological designs, increase the length of prospective follow-up in assessments, include larger and more diverse samples, and focus on innovative aesthetic and affective-based intervention strategies.
Capturing Value from IP in a Global Environment

This paper documents the strong growth in tools used by firms to protect their intellectual property (IP), develop their know-how, and build and maintain their reputation globally during the last decades. We focus on three tools: patents, trademarks, and industrial designs. We find that, although most IP applications come from a few countries (the United States, European Union, Japan, China, and South Korea), most growth in IP activity has come from middle-income countries, especially in Asia. We observe important differences in the origins of this growth. For example, while in India most applicants were foreign firms, in China most were local. However, most Indian innovations are also applied overseas, while Chinese innovations rarely made it out of China. Interestingly, growth in applications varies by IP tool, with industrial designs experiencing the most growth.
Free water elimination diffusion tractography: A comparison with conventional and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, diffusion tensor imaging acquisitions.

PURPOSE White matter tractography reconstructions using conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) near cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces are often adversely affected by CSF partial volume effects (PVEs). This study evaluates the ability of free water elimination (FWE) DTI methods to minimize the PVE of CSF for deterministic tractography applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten healthy individuals were scanned with "traditional," FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery), and FWE DTI scans. The fornix, corpus callosum, and cingulum bundles were reconstructed using deterministic tractography. The FWE DTI scan was performed twice to separately match total acquisition time (long FWE) and number of measurements (encoding directions, short FWE) to the FLAIR and "traditional" DTI scans. PVE resolution was determined based on reconstructed tract volume. All reconstructions underwent blinded review for anatomical correctness, symmetry, and completeness. RESULTS Reconstructions of the fornix demonstrated that the FWE and FLAIR scans produce more complete, anatomically plausible reconstructions than "traditional" DTI. Additionally, the tract reconstructions using FWE-DTI were significantly larger than when FLAIR was used with DTI (P < 0.0005). FLAIR and the FWE methods led to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) reductions of 33% and 11%, respectively, compared with conventional DTI. The long and short FWE acquisitions did not significantly (P ≥ 0.31) differ from one another for any of the reconstructed tracts. CONCLUSION The FWE diffusion model overcomes CSF PVE without the time, SNR, and volumetric coverage penalties inherent to FLAIR DTI. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2015;42:1572-1581.
Investigation of Differences in Diffusion Between Positive and Negative Word-Of-Mouth

amount that participants were willing to pay for the both products. A between groups analysis revealed that participants were willing to pay significantly more for the DVDs when there were no other bidders versus the condition where there were multiple bidders (F(1, 59)=7.93, p<0.01, M$DVD_social presence=10.114 vs. M$DVD_social presence absent=7.749). There were no observed differences between the two groups in the willingness to pay for the universal remote control. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that under conditions of uncertainty, informational social influence can enhance the perceived quality of products. However, when consumers are familiar with the products in question, informational social influence can create negative byproducts through its employment which we have demonstrated can decrease the value of the product as well as its perceived quality.
How are colors memorized in working memory? A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

The hypothesis that colors could be memorized either in verbal or visual working memory depending on the color category borders was tested using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We introduced a 2-back task to investigate the involvement of verbal and visual working memory in color memory. Colors across the categories, defined by basic color names, strongly activated the left inferior frontal gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule corresponding to the phonological loop as verbal working memory, whereas colors within the same category strongly activated the right inferior frontal gyrus corresponding to the visuospatial sketchpad as visual working memory. The choice of colors to memorize might modulate the cognitive load balance between the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad.
Feasibility study of 5G-based localization for assisted driving

5G assisted driving applications demand the provision of centimetre-accurate positioning. Automated vehicles typically use several positioning systems, such as radars, cameras and sensors, in addition to Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). This is necessary to ensure integrity and reliability, as well as precise positioning. The deployment of 5G cellular networks along roads are envisaged to complement these existing technologies for assisted driving. Thus, this paper provides a feasibility study of the positioning capabilities for future 5G vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) networks, considering 5G-like multicarrier signals. Simulation results indicate achievable localization accuracies below 30 centimetres by using cellular ranging measurements with 50 and 100 MHz of system bandwidth.
Intracerebral Hematoma Due to Aneurysm Rupture: Are There Risk Factors Beyond Aneurysm Location?

BACKGROUND Along with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a ruptured aneurysm may also cause an intracerebral hematoma (ICH), which negatively impacts the functional outcome of SAH. OBJECTIVE To identify independent risk factors of aneurysmal ICH. METHODS Six hundred thirty-two consecutive patients with aneurysmal SAH treated at our institution from January 2005 to December 2012 were eligible for this study. Demographic parameters and preexisting comorbidities of patients, as well as various clinical and radiographic characteristics of SAH were correlated with the incidence and volume of aneurysmal ICH. RESULTS One hundred fifty-five patients (25%) had ICH on initial computed tomography with a mean volume of 26.7 mL (±26.8 mL). Occurrence and volume of ICH were associated with the location (distal anterior or middle cerebral artery >proximal anterior cerebral or internal carotid artery >posterior circulation, P < .001/P < .001) and size (>12 mm, P = .026/P < .001) of the ruptured aneurysm. Vascular risk factors independently increased the risk of ICH as well (arterial hypertension: odds ratio [OR] = 1.62, P = .032; diabetes mellitus: OR = 3.06, P = .009), while the use of aspirin (P = .037) correlated with the volume of ICH. The predictors of ICH were included into a risk score (0-9 points) that strongly predicted the occurrence of ICH (P = .01). Poor functional outcome after SAH was independently associated with the occurrence of ICH (P = .003, OR = 2.77) and its volume (P = .001, OR = 1.07 per-mL-increase). CONCLUSION Aneurysmal ICH is strongly associated with poorer functional outcome and seems to be predictable even before the bleeding event. The proposed risk factors for aneurysmal ICH require further validation and may be considered for treatment decisions regarding unruptured intracranial aneurysms. ABBREVIATIONS ACA, anterior cerebral arteryDHC, decompressive hemicraniectomyEVD, external ventricular drainageICA, internal carotid arteryICH, intracerebral hematomaMCA, middle cerebral arterymRS, modified Rankin scalePC, posterior circulationSAH, subarachnoid hemorrhageSIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndromeTCD, transcranial Doppler sonography.
An Accurate Security Game for Low-Resource IoT Devices

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology incorporates a large number of heterogeneous devices connected to untrusted networks. Nevertheless, securing IoT devices is a fundamental issue due to the relevant information handled in IoT networks. The intrusion detection system (IDS) is the most commonly used technique to detect intruders and acts as a second wall of defense when cryptography is broken. This is achieved by combining the advantages of anomaly and signature detection techniques, which are characterized by high detection rates and low false positives, respectively. To achieve a high detection rate, the anomaly detection technique relies on a learning algorithm to model the normal behavior of a node, and when a new attack pattern (often known as signature) is detected, it will be modeled with a set of rules. This latter is used by the signature detection technique for attack confirmation. Activating the anomaly detection technique simultaneously at each low-resource IoT device and all the time could generate a high-energy consumption. Thereby, we propose a game theoretic technique to activate anomaly detection technique only when a new attack's signature is expected to occur; hence, a balance between detection and false positive rates, and energy consumption is achieved. Even by combining between these two detection techniques, we observed that the number of false positives is still non null (almost equal to 5%). Thereby, to decrease further the false positive rate, a reputation model based on game theory is proposed. Simulation results show that this lightweight anomaly detection outperforms current anomaly detection techniques, since in scaling mode (i.e., when the number of IoT devices and attackers are high) it requires low energy consumption to detect the attacks with high detection and low false positive rates, almost 93% and 2%, respectively.
Early detection and treatment of lame cows

Summary Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of specific hoof lesions on the locomotion score (LS) as well as the effect of early detection and treatment on duration and prevalence of lesion-specific lameness. Material and methods: In a dairy herd in Lower Saxony, Germany, with 144 lactating cows, claw trimming was performed by a professional claw trimmer at the beginning and the end of a 41-week trial period. Weekly a veterinarian assessed the LS according to Sprecher et al. (1997) in 99 cows. The front and hind claws of cows with an LS > 1 were examined and treated within 5 days. For individual diagnoses, the duration of lameness was calculated as the number of weeks from first treatment until recovery (LS = 1). Results: In total, 580 examinations and treatments were performed on 94 cows. There were 189 new lameness cases with a total of 290 diagnoses. At the first treatment, 81.0% of the cows displayed an LS of 2. Cows with digital dermatitis (DD), heel horn erosion and white line disease (WLD) more often had an LS > 2 compared to cows with Rusterholz’ sole ulcer, interdigital hyperplasia or inadequate claw length/posture (p < 0.05). Cows with only one affected leg, more often had an LS > 2 than cows with several affected legs (p < 0.1). Lameness caused by WLD and arthritis/ periarthritis remained for the longest time period. The prevalence of sole haemorrhages and/or double soles, WLD, interdigital dermatitis and interdigital hyperplasia decreased significantly during the test period. Prevalence of sole ulcer (sole ulcer and Rusterholz’ sole ulcer) and DD remained unaffected. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Locomotion score was affected by the type of claw/limb disorder and the number of diseased limbs. Regular locomotion scoring and continuous treatment of cows with an LS > 1 is associated with a decrease in the prevalence of several claw lesions. Therefore, prevalence of severe claw lesions like WLD, which was associated with a long duration of lameness, can be reduced. In con trast, for decreasing prevalence of digital dermatitis more than weekly treatment of every cow with LS > 1 is required. Preventive measures like footbaths or improved hygiene should accompany the individual animal treatment.
Citizen Trust Development for E-Government Adoption and Usage: Insights from Young Adults in Singapore

Trust, which has been found to be a significant facilitator for the adoption and usage of new business paradigms like e-commerce, is relatively unexplored in the context of e-government. Using trust literature as the theoretical lens, we propose an e-government trust grid for the adoption and usage of e-government, comprising two dimensions: ‘trust in government' and ‘trust in Internet technology. ' Based on their levels of trust in the two identified dimensions, nations can fall into one of four quadrants: Adversarial, Competitive, Cooperative, and Collaborative. Using focus groups and interviews with young adults in Singapore, we find that in recent years, Singapore is evolving from the cooperative (low trust in Internet technology and high trust in government) to the collaborative (high trust in Internet technology and high trust in government) quadrant. The study delineates a set of lessons learned from the Singapore experience for engendering citizen trust in e-government. These lessons for governments are: solicit feedback from citizens, demonstrate top leadership commitment and support, build institutional trust, cultivate IT literacy, and enact comprehensive and effective legal systems.
Measuring the Effective Role of Public Sector Monitoring and Evaluation in Promoting Good Governance in Uganda: Implications from the Ministry of Local Government

The general objective of the study was to examine effectiveness of the role of public sector monitoring and evaluation in promoting good governance in Uganda, with a focus on Ministry of Local Government. Specifically, the study sought to: examine out how effective role of M&E accountability, M&E Management Decision, M&E Organisational learning in promoting good governance and draw lessons from practice, and provide a recommendation to better inform the implementation strategy of M&E in the Ministry of Local Government. A case study design was used and both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques were employed. The respondents comprised of staff of the Ministry of Local Government and Office of the Prime Minister. Quantitative data was analysed using correlation and percentages while qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. The study revealed that M&E accountability, M&E management decision and M&E organisation learning had significant role in promoting good governance in the Ministry of Local Government. It was therefore concluded that M&E enhanced accountability, management decision and organisation learning and promoted good governance. The study recommended that M&E should not only be tied to nominal compliance but should support evidence-based decision making. M&E should be properly institutionalised, funded and located so as to mediate policy process, planning and service delivery.
Competing with Superstars

This paper investigates the effect of superstar chief executive officers CEOs on their competitors. Exploiting shocks to CEO status due to prestigious media awards, we document a significant positive stock market performance of competitors of superstar CEOs subsequent to the award. The effect is more pronounced for competitors who have not received an award themselves, who are geographically close to an award winner, and who are not entrenched. We observe an increase in risk taking, operating performance, and innovation activity of superstars' competitors as potential channels for this positive performance. Our results suggest a positive overall welfare impact of corporate superstar systems due to the incentivizing effect on superstars' competitors. This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Financial Literacy and its Contributing Factors in Investment Decisions among Urban Populace

Objectives: Financial literacy helps the persons to understand the information regarding financial aspects and make well-versed decisions when investing their money. The key objective is to explore the literacy level of individual in investment decisions and to suggest sustainable measures of increasing the awareness level in urban areas. Methods and Analysis: The study covered the 200 investors residing in the area of Chennai (Tier-1) and Trichy (Tier-2). Simple random sampling has been followed to collect the primary data from the investors to analyze theirApplications/Improvements: literacy level. Primary data was gathered with help of the questionnaire and secondary data from the related research journal publications and websites. Primary data collected were analyzed using SPSS package and statistical tools like percentage analysis and factor analysis. Findings: Five variables are loaded on five factor and all are positive loadings based on the loadings the factor is named was as ‘facing the problem in investment’. Based on the Factor analysis, in total, five factors such as ‘investment decisions personally, revision of the investment, maintaining the investment portfolio, influence on personal investment and facing the problem in investment’ are able to extract 72.9% of variance. These five factors were identified as important factors influencing the financial literacy. Applications/Improvements: This study can be applied to the investors of any kind to make a rational financial decision to achieve their financial goal.
Self-Esteem Enhancement in Deaf and Hearing Women: Success Stories

The present study is a retrospective exploration of the process of self-esteem enhancement in 23 women, 9 culturally Deaf and 14 hearing, for purposes of both individual and group comparisons. A qualitative design was used to examine material from in-depth interviews to generate themes relating to the ways these women describe the concept of their self-esteem and how they have enhanced their own self-esteem. Both groups of women described self-esteem in conceptually equivalent terms, with most in each group identifying themselves as "capable. " A distinction was found in the specific words used by each of the two groups. Of the top eight rank-ordered themes, five were similar in importance for both groups. Deaf women were more likely to report education as a factor in self-esteem enhancement, and to cite language and communication as a critical component in self-esteem enhancement. No hearing women reported on those factors. Implications for social work with culturally Deaf women, self-esteem work with women, and future research are discussed.
Mathematical biomedicine and modeling avascular tumor growth

In this chapter we review existing continuum models of avascular tumor growth, explaining howthey are inter related and the biophysical insight that they provide. The models range in complexity and include one-dimensional studies of radiallysymmetric growth, and two-dimensional models of tumor invasion in which the tumor is assumed to comprise a single population of cells. We also present more detailed, multiphase models that allow for tumor heterogeneity. The chapter concludes with a summary of the different continuum approaches and a discussion of the theoretical challenges that lie ahead.
Elbow extension using the anterior deltoids and the upper pectorals

Steindler defined a closed kinetic chain as one in which the terminal part of the extremity meets with resistance which restrains its free motion, as in pushing a cart. ' We have observed that quadriplegic patients with loss of voluntary muscle activity of the triceps from a cervical spinal cord injury at the C-5 and C-6 levels retain the ability to extend the elbow in a closed kinetic chain system despite a complete lack of triceps activity. Muscles act not only as isolated elements, but also as a part ofan integrated functioning ~ y s t e m . ~ This is analogous to the use of the gluteus maximus to extend the knee in patients who ambulate with all above-theknee prostheses. ' The purpose of this study was to determine if the anterior deltoid and upper pectoral muscles were active in voluntary kinetic closed chain elbow extension.
Delayed diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke in children - a registry-based study in Switzerland.

QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY/PRINCIPLES After arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) an early diagnosis helps preserve treatment options that are no longer available later. Paediatric AIS is difficult to diagnose and often the time to diagnosis exceeds the time window of 6 hours defined for thrombolysis in adults. We investigated the delay from the onset of symptoms to AIS diagnosis in children and potential contributing factors. METHODS We included children with AIS below 16 years from the population-based Swiss Neuropaediatric Stroke Registry (2000-2006). We evaluated the time between initial medical evaluation for stroke signs/symptoms and diagnosis, risk factors, co-morbidities and imaging findings. RESULTS A total of 91 children (61 boys), with a median age of 5.3 years (range: 0.2-16.2), were included. The time to diagnosis (by neuro-imaging) was <6 hours in 32 (35%), 6-12 hours in 23 (25%), 12-24 hours in 15 (16%) and >24 hours in 21 (23%) children. Of 74 children not hospitalised when the stroke occurred, 42% had adequate outpatient management. Delays in diagnosis were attributed to: parents/caregivers (n = 20), physicians of first referral (n = 5) and tertiary care hospitals (n = 8). A co-morbidity hindered timely diagnosis in eight children. No other factors were associated with delay to diagnosis. A total of 17 children were inpatients at AIS onset. CONCLUSIONS One-third of children with AIS were diagnosed within six hours. Diagnostic delay was predominately caused by insufficient recognition of stroke symptoms. Increased public and expert awareness and immediate access to diagnostic imaging are essential. The ability of parents/caregivers and health professionals to recognise stroke symptoms in a child needs to be improved.