Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Whole-body retention and distribution of orally administered radiolabelled zerovalent iron nanoparticles in mice

Abstract Zerovalent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) are used for in situ remediation of contaminated ground water, raising the possibility that nZVI particles or their altered residues could contaminate the ground water. Therefore, it is important to study their effects on humans and other organisms in vivo. The objective of this study was to assess the whole-body retention and terminal disposition of neutron-activated radioactive nZVI administered by oral gavage in mice. Radioactivity was primarily eliminated in the faeces within 1 day of administration. However, a small amount of iron-derived radioactivity appeared in the liver after three repeated daily doses. This prototypic study further suggests that neutron activation applied judiciously may be broadly applicable to studies of nanoparticles derived from other biologically abundant metals.
African‐American race is a predictor of prostate cancer detection: incorporation into a pre‐biopsy nomogram

To construct a pre‐biopsy predictive model incorporating several clinical variables, including African‐American (AA) or Caucasian race, to predict the risk of prostate cancer detection on prostate biopsy, as traditionally AA men have had a higher incidence of prostate cancer than Caucasian men, but previous predictive tools for prostate cancer have not incorporated the effect of race.
Beyond the Pleasure Principle

In reasoned progression he outlined core psychoanalytic concepts, such as repression, free association and libido. Of the various English translations of Freud's major works to appear in his lifetime, only one was authorized by Freud himself: The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud under the general editorship of James Strachey. Freud approved the overall editorial plan, specific renderings of key words and phrases, and the addition of valuable notes, from bibliographical and explanatory. Many of the translations were done by Strachey himself; the rest were prepared under his supervision. The result was to place the Standard Edition in a position of unquestioned supremacy over all other existing versions.Newly designed in a uniform format, each new paperback in the Standard Edition opens with a biographical essay on Freud's life and work -along with a note on the individual volume-by Peter Gay, Sterling Professor of History at Yale.
Determinants of correct inhalation technique in children attending a hospital‐based asthma clinic

Many children with asthma use their inhaler device incorrectly even after comprehensive inhalation instruction. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with correct inhalation technique. Two hundred children with asthma demonstrated their inhalation technique. Patient characteristics and the components of inhalation instructions they had received were compared for children demonstrating a correct or incorrect inhalation technique. In addition, the inhalation technique of 47 newly referred patients was followed‐up prospectively after repeated comprehensive instruction sessions. Seventy‐eight percent of all patients demonstrated a correct inhalation technique. Patients who had received repeated instruction sessions and patients who had previously been asked to demonstrate the use of their inhaler during an instruction session were more likely than other children to demonstrate a correct inhalation technique (p < 0.001 and p= 0.03, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that repetition of instructions was significantly associated with a correct inhalation technique (odds ratio (OR) 8.2, 95% CI 3.2–21.5; p < 0.0001) irrespective of type of inhaler used. Demonstration of the inhaler use by the patient was significantly associated with a correct inhalation technique for patients using a metered dose inhaler plus spacer device (OR 3.5,95% CI 1.0–12.6; p= 0.05), but not for patients using a dry powder inhaler (OR 1.6,95% CI 0.4‐6.4; p= 0.54). The number of newly referred patients demonstrating a correct inhalation technique improved from 57.4% to 97.9% after three comprehensive instruction sessions.
Significance of clinical stage, extent of surgery, and pathologic findings in metastatic cutaneous squamous carcinoma of the parotid gland

Metastatic cutaneous cancer is the most common parotid malignancy in Australia, with metastatic squamous carcinoma (SCC) occurring most frequently. There are limitations in the current TNM staging system for metastatic cutaneous malignancy, because all patients with nodal metastases are simply designated N1, irrespective of the extent of disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of clinical stage, extent of surgery, and pathologic findings on outcome after parotidectomy for metastatic SCC by applying a new staging system that separates metastatic disease in the parotid from metastatic disease in the neck.
Redundancy in the function of mitochondrial phosphate transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana

Most cellular ATP is produced within the mitochondria from ADP and Pi which are delivered across the inner‐membrane by specific nuclearly encoded polytopic carriers. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, some of these carriers and in particular the ADP/ATP carrier, are represented by several related isoforms that are distinct in their pattern of expression. Until now, only one mitochondrial Pi carrier (mPic) form, encoded by the MIR1 gene in S. cerevisiae, has been described. Here we show that the gene product encoded by the YER053C ORF also participates in the delivery of phosphate to the mitochondria. We have called this gene PIC2 for Pi carrier isoform 2. Overexpression of PIC2 compensates for the mitochondrial defect of the double mutant Δmir1 Δpic2 and restores phosphate transport activity in mitochondria swelling experiments. The existence of two isoforms of mPic does not seem to be restricted to S. cerevisiae as two Arabidopsis thaliana cDNAs encoding two different mPic‐like proteins are also able to complement the double mutant Δmir1 Δpic2. Finally, we demonstrate that Pic2p is a mitochondrial protein and that its steady state level increases at high temperature. We propose that Pic2p is a minor form of mPic which plays a role under specific stress conditions.
Mechanisms Limiting EOT Scaling and Gate Leakage Currents of High- $k$/Metal Gate Stacks Directly on SiGe

This letter addresses mechanisms responsible for a high gate leakage current (Jg) and a thick interfacial layer in the surface channel SiGe pFET enabling transistor fabrication with sub-1-nm equivalent-oxide-thickness (EOT) high-k /metal gate stack. The primary mechanism limiting EOT scaling is Ge-enhanced Si oxidation resulting in a thick (1.4-nm) SiOx interface layer. A secondary mechanism, i.e., Ge diffusion (ges3%) into high- k, results in high Jg. In the framework of this understanding, we optimized a high-k nitridation process to form as an efficient diffusion barrier, which reduces both O and Ge diffusion resulting in the total gate stack EOT ~ 0.9 nm with J g comparable to that of bulk Si substrate samples. The proposed plasma nitridation process enables fabrication of the sub-1-nm EOT gate-first gate stack with HfSiON dielectric directly on SiGe without Si cap.
Insights into the catalysis of a lysine-tryptophan bond in bacterial peptides by a SPASM domain radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) peptide cyclase

Radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzymes are emerging as a major superfamily of biological catalysts involved in the biosynthesis of the broad family of bioactive peptides called ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). These enzymes have been shown to catalyze unconventional reactions, such as methyl transfer to electrophilic carbon atoms, sulfur to Cα atom thioether bonds, or carbon-carbon bond formation. Recently, a novel radical SAM enzyme catalyzing the formation of a lysine-tryptophan bond has been identified in Streptococcus thermophilus, and a reaction mechanism has been proposed. By combining site-directed mutagenesis, biochemical assays, and spectroscopic analyses, we show here that this enzyme, belonging to the emerging family of SPASM domain radical SAM enzymes, likely contains three [4Fe-4S] clusters. Notably, our data support that the seven conserved cysteine residues, present within the SPASM domain, are critical for enzyme activity. In addition, we uncovered the minimum substrate requirements and demonstrate that KW cyclic peptides are more widespread than anticipated, notably in pathogenic bacteria. Finally, we show a strict specificity of the enzyme for lysine and tryptophan residues and the dependence of an eight-amino acid leader peptide for activity. Altogether, our study suggests novel mechanistic links among SPASM domain radical SAM enzymes and supports the involvement of non-cysteinyl ligands in the coordination of auxiliary clusters.
Reevaluation of an Acanthamoeba Molecular Diagnostic Algorithm following an Atypical Case of Amoebic Keratitis

ABSTRACT Amoebic keratitis (AK) is a potentially blinding infection, the prompt diagnosis of which is essential for limiting ocular morbidity. We undertook a quality improvement initiative with respect to the molecular detection of acanthamoebae in our laboratory because of an unusual case of discordance. Nine ATCC strains of Acanthamoeba and 40 delinked, biobanked, surplus corneal scraping specimens were analyzed for the presence of acanthamoebae with four separate real-time PCR assays. The assay used by the Free-Living and Intestinal Amebas Laboratory of the CDC was considered the reference standard, and the performance characteristics of each individual assay and pairs of assays were calculated. Outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Of 49 included specimens, 14 (28.6%) were positive by the gold standard assay, and 35 (71.4%) were negative. The sensitivities of the individual assays ranged from 64.3% to 92.9%, compared to the gold standard, while the specificities ranged from 88.6% to 91.4%. The PPVs and NPVs ranged from 69.2% to 78.6% and from 86.1% to 96.9%, respectively. Combinations of assay pairs led to improved performance, with sensitivities ranging from 92.9% to 100% and specificities ranging from 97.1% to 100%. ATCC and clinical strains of Acanthamoeba that failed to be detected by certain individual assays included Acanthamoeba castellanii, Acanthamoeba culbertsoni, and Acanthamoeba lenticulata. For three clinical specimens, false negativity of the gold standard assay could not be excluded. Molecular diagnostic approaches, especially combinations of highly sensitive and specific assays, offer a reasonably performing, operator-independent, rapid strategy for the detection of acanthamoebae in clinical specimens and are likely to be more practical than either culture or direct microscopic detection.
The Probability That a Numerical, Analysis Problem Is Difficult

Numerous problems in numerical analysis, including matrix inversion, eigenvalue calculations and polynomial zerofinding, share the following property: The difficulty of solving a given problem is large when the distance from that problem to the nearest "ill-posed" one is small. For example, the closer a matrix is to the set of non-invertible matrices, the larger its condition number with respect to inversion. We show that the sets of ill-posed problems for matrix inversion, eigenproblems, and polynomial zerofinding all have a common algebraic and geometric structure which lets us compute the probability distribution of the distance from a "random" problem to the set. From this probability distribution we derive, for example, the distribution of the condition number of a random matrix. We examine the relevance of this theory to the analysis and construction of numerical algorithms destined to be run in finite precision arithmetic.
Ferromagnetism in multiband Hubbard models: From weak to strong Coulomb repulsion.

We propose a mechanism which can lead to ferromagnetism in Hubbard models containing triangles with different on-site energies. It is based on an effective Hamiltonian that we derive in the strong coupling limit. Considering a one-dimensional realization of the model, we show that in the quarter-filled, insulating case the ground state is actually ferromagnetic in a very large parameter range going from Tasaki{close_quote}s flatband limit to the strong coupling limit of the effective Hamiltonian. This result has been obtained using a variety of analytical and numerical techniques. Finally, the same results are shown to apply away from quarter-filling, in the metallic case. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society. }
Pattern of benign lesions of larynx

Background: The laryngeal lesions are significant because of the human communication through voice and contribution of voice to the identity of the person. Benign lesions of larynx are classified into the commonly occurring non-neoplastic lesions and relatively rare neoplastic lesions. Objective: To know pattern of benign lesions of larynx. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in 50 patients who were diagnosed with various benign lesions of larynx during a period of 1 year. After a detailed history, general physical and systemic examination, complete nasal and paranasal examination, and examination of ears, patients were subjected to examination of larynx which included external examination of larynx, indirect laryngoscopy, and microlaryngoscopy under general anesthesia. Result: This prospective study was conducted in 50 patients who were diagnosed with various benign lesions of larynx during a period of 1 year. The incidence was found to be 0.15% or 15 per 10,000 new patients with high prevalence in third, fourth, and fifth decades of life. Non-neoplastic benign lesions were more common (96%) as compared with neoplastic benign lesions (04%) with preponderance in male patients (72%) as compared with female patients (28%). Hoarseness of voice was the most common presenting symptoms seen in 48 to 50 patients. It was observed that 16 patients (32%) were smokers, 5 patients (10%) had exposure to dust, 2 patients (4%) were having incense exposure, and 2 patients (4%) were farmers and had exposure to hay and pollens. Microlaryngoscopic examination under general anesthesia was done in 41 cases. There were 22 cases (44%) of vocal polyps, 16 cases (32%) of vocal nodules, 3 cases (6%) of Reinkeâ€™s edema, 5 cases (10%) of cysts, and 1 case each of traumatic granuloma, hemangioma, and laryngeal sporidiosis. The predominant site of involvement was the true vocal cords in 44 cases (88%). Simple excision of the lesion was done 36 cases (72%), stripping was done in 3 cases (6%), and endoscopic decapitation and marsupialization was done in 1 case (2%). Conclusion: Benign lesions of larynx are uncommonly occurring lesions. Non-neoplastic benign lesions are far more common than neoplastic lesions, the ratio being 24:1 and most common age group that is involved is 30â€“40 years. Vocal cord polyps and nodules are the most frequent non-neoplastic benign lesions. Microlaryngeal surgery is the treatment of choice in these lesions and postoperative speech therapy should be provided to all the patients to prevent recurrences.
Characteristics of triple-negative breast cancer in patients with a BRCA1 mutation: results from a population-based study of young women.

PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are tumors with low or no expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. These tumors have a poor prognosis, remain a clinical challenge, and are more common among women with BRCA1 mutations. We tested whether there are distinguishing features of TNBC after BRCA1 mutation status has been taken into account. PATIENTS AND METHODS We sequenced BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in a population-based sample of 1,469 patients with incident breast cancer age 20 to 49 years from Los Angeles County (California). Information on tumor receptor status was available for 1,167 women. Clinical, pathologic, and hormone-related lifestyle characteristics were compared across patient subgroups defined by BRCA1 mutation status and triple-negative receptor status. RESULTS Forty-eight percent of BRCA1 mutation carriers had TNBC compared with only 12% of noncarriers. Within BRCA1 mutation carriers, as well as within noncarriers, triple-negative receptor status was associated with younger age at diagnosis and higher tumor grade. Among women without a BRCA1 mutation, we observed that women with TNBC had higher premenopausal body mass index and earlier age at first full-term pregnancy than those with non-TNBC. Age at menarche and other reproductive factors were not associated with triple-negative status regardless of BRCA1 mutation status. Within BRCA1 mutation carriers, Ashkenazi Jewish women were about five times more likely to have TNBC than non-Ashkenazi Jewish women. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that among BRCA1 mutation carriers, as among noncarriers, there are unique characteristics associated with the triple-negative subtype. The findings in Ashkenazi Jewish BRCA1 mutation carriers should be confirmed.
Limb-Shaking Transient Ischemic Attack Induced by Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis

421 Dr. V. Puetz, Department of Neurology Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74 DE–01307 Dresden (Germany) Tel. +49 351 458 3565, Fax +49 351 458 4365 E-Mail volker.puetz@neuro.med.tu-dresden.de 9 Hacke W, Albers G, Al-Rawi Y, Bogousslavsky J, Davalos A, Eliasziw M, Fischer M, Furlan A, Kaste M, Lees KR, Soehngen M, Warach S; DIAS Study Group: The Desmoteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial (DIAS): a phase II MRI-based 9-hour window acute stroke thrombolysis trial with intravenous desmoteplase. Stroke 2005; 36: 66–73. 10 Abciximab in acute ischemic stroke: a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled, dose escalation study. The Abciximab in Ischemic Stroke Investigators. Stroke 2000; 31: 601–609. 11 Lapchak PA, Araujo DM: Therapeutic potential of platelet glyocoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists in the management of ischemic stroke. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2003; 3: 87–94. 12 Selim M, Kumar S, Fink J, Schlaug G, Caplan LR, Linfante I: Seizure at stroke onset: should it be an absolute contraindication to thrombolysis? Cerebrovasc Dis 2002; 14: 54–57. 13 Yasaka M, Yamaguchi T, Yonehara T, Moriyasu H: Recurrent embolization during intravenous administration of tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke. A case report. Angiology 1994; 45: 481–484. 14 Bautista RED: Embolic stroke following thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction in a patient with preexisting ventricular thrombi. Stroke 1995; 26: 324–325. 15 Derex L, Nighoghossian N, Perinetti M, Honnorat J, Trouillas P: Thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke patients with cardiac thrombus. Neurology 2001; 57: 2122–2125.
Pulsed Accretion in the T Tauri Binary TWA 3A

TWA 3A is the most recent addition to a small group of young binary systems that both actively accrete from a circumbinary disk and have spectroscopic orbital solutions. As such, it provides a unique opportunity to test binary accretion theory in a well-constrained setting. To examine TWA 3A’s time-variable accretion behavior, we have conducted a two-year, optical photometric monitoring campaign, obtaining dense orbital phase coverage (∼20 observations per orbit) for ∼15 orbital periods. From U-band measurements we derive the time-dependent binary mass accretion rate, finding bursts of accretion near each periastron passage. On average, these enhanced accretion events evolve over orbital phases 0.85 to 1.05, reaching their peak at periastron. The specific accretion rate increases above the quiescent value by a factor of ∼4 on average but the peak can be as high as an order of magnitude in a given orbit. The phase dependence and amplitude of TWA 3A accretion is in good agreement with numerical simulations of binary accretion with similar orbital parameters. In these simulations, periastron accretion bursts are fueled by periodic streams of material from the circumbinary disk that are driven by the binary orbit. We find that TWA 3A’s average accretion behavior is remarkably similar to DQ Tau, another T Tauri binary with similar orbital parameters, but with significantly less variability from orbit to orbit. This is only the second clear case of orbital-phase-dependent accretion in a T Tauri binary.
Transverse electron focusing in systems with spin-orbit coupling

We study the transverse electron focusing in a two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. We show that the interplay between the external magnetic field and the spin-orbit coupling gives two branches of states with different cyclotron radius within the same energy window. This effect generates a splitting of the first focusing peak in two contributions. Each one of these contributions is spin polarized. The surface reflection mixes the two branches and the second focusing peak does not present the same effect. While for GaAs/ AlGaAs heterostructures the effect is small, in systems like InSb/ InAlSb the effect should be clearly observed.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Inhibits Type I Interferon Signaling by Blocking STAT1/STAT2 Nuclear Translocation

ABSTRACT Type I interferons (IFNs) IFN-α/β play an important role in innate immunity against viral infections by inducing antiviral responses. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) inhibits the synthesis of type I IFNs. However, whether PRRSV can inhibit IFN signaling is less well understood. In the present study, we found that PRRSV interferes with the IFN signaling pathway. The transcript levels of IFN-stimulated genes ISG15 and ISG56 and protein level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) in PRRSV VR2385-infected MARC-145 cells were significantly lower than those in mock-infected cells after IFN-α treatment. IFN-induced phosphorylation of both STAT1 and STAT2 and their heterodimer formation in the PRRSV-infected cells were not affected. However, the majority of the STAT1/STAT2/IRF9 (IFN regulatory factor 9) heterotrimers remained in the cytoplasm of PRRSV-infected cells, which indicates that the nuclear translocation of the heterotrimers was blocked. Overexpression of NSP1β of PRRSV VR2385 inhibited expression of ISG15 and ISG56 and blocked nuclear translocation of STAT1, which suggests that NSP1β might be the viral protein responsible for the inhibition of IFN signaling. PRRSV infection in primary porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) also inhibited IFN-α-stimulated expression of the ISGs and the STAT2 protein. In contrast, a licensed low-virulence vaccine strain, Ingelvac PRRS modified live virus (MLV), activated expression of IFN-inducible genes, including those of chemokines and antiviral proteins, in PAMs without the addition of external IFN and had no detectable effect on IFN signaling. These findings suggest that PRRSV interferes with the activation and signaling pathway of type I IFNs by blocking ISG factor 3 (ISGF3) nuclear translocation.