Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Chemical Composition and Rumen Degradation Kinetics of Three Forages: Whole Plant Barley, Whole Plant Foxtail Millet and Grass-Legume Hay

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and in situ rumen degradability of whole plant barley (Hordeum vulgare), whole plant foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss)-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (grass-legume) hay, collected during a companion field grazing study. Relative to grass-legume hay, barley and millet were higher (P = 0.05) in crude protein (CP) and soluble CP, and lower (P = 0.02) in neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, neutral detergent insoluble CP, and acid detergent insoluble crude protein. The potentially undegradable fraction of CP averaged 32% lower for barley and millet, compared to grass-legume hay, while CP soluble fraction was 36 and 64% higher (P < 0.05) for barley and millet, respectively, than for grass-legume hay. Millet had the highest NDF degradability (P = 0.03) and grass-legume hay the least. Barley and millet had greater (P = 0.02) effective degradability of dry matter (DM), CP, and NDF than grass-legume hay. Millet had the highest (P = 0.01) degradable and lowest undegradable fractions of DM and NDF, and lowest soluble fraction of NDF and rate of CP degradation (P < 0.05). Results indicate that whole plant barley and millet have greater nutritive value than grass-legume hay and may be suitable annual forages for extensive grazing.
Planning for Ex-Landfill Redevelopment: Assessing What Community Have in Mind

Malaysia, a fast growing developing country is now facing the issue of inadequate urban spaces for futuredevelopment, which leads to the need to redevelop the brownfield, particularly ex-landfills. A total of 296ex-landfills have been planned to undergo redevelopment by the year 2020. Although there is a policy forex-landfill development, a question arises if the policy reflects the needs of the society as the end-recipient thatdetermines the success of the planned development. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess what thecommunity has in mind as a way to identify the community needs in ensuring the success of the futuredevelopment of ex-landfill. Based on the objectives to identify the perceptions of the community on (i)ex-landfill issues, (ii) the appropriate type of re-development for the ex-landfills, and (iii) the function of thepublic park in ex-landfills, which have been the main priority of the development type considered by thegovernment, this study produced a priority ranking result that could assist the urban administrator or specificallythe Local Authorities in Malaysia to plan an effective and an acceptable development of the ex-landfill for thebenefits of current and future communities.
Impact of Children's Literature on Family Structures and Children's Perceptions of Family

This study asks, what is the impact of children’s literature on children’s perceptions of family structures? Literature teaches young children a great deal about the world in which they live; therefore, literature plays a large role in children’s perceptions of others. This study uses triangulation with three forms of qualitative data collected by children’s drawings of families, interviews, questionnaires, and discussions. The study found that young children can understand differences of others. Teachers hold a great deal of responsibility for shaping the minds of the future and literature has a large impact on how children learn about others and perceive the world they live in. Document Type Thesis Degree Name MS in Literacy Education Department Education First Supervisor Joellen Maples Subject Categories Education This thesis is available at Fisher Digital Publications: https://fisherpub.sjfc. edu/education_ETD_masters/320 Impact of Children’s Literature on Family Structures and Children’s Perceptions of Family
Cisplatin Induced Histological and Ultrastructural Alterations In LiverTissue of Rat

Background: Cisplatin is well-known anticancer drug often been used for treatment of various human malignancies. The hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic effect of drug is a result of altered histological and antioxidant status of the organ. In order to document the extent of cisplatin (CDDP) effect on liver we have studied long term treatment of cisplatin (CDDP) to rat. In our previous studies we have demonstrated changes in reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione related enzymes of liver followed by increased lipid peroxidation process. Materials: Light microscopy (LM) was carried out in liver tissue by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Electron microscopy was performed by staining with uranil acetate and lead citrate. Results: Recent reports depicts that CDDP treatment caused significant alteration at histopathological level showing increased vacuolation in hepatocytes. A noticeable change observed after drug treatment is large perilobular connective and expanded portal spaces. Morphological alterations after transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed heterochromatic border in nucleus followed by prescence of large agglutinations of lysosomes, numerous rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and mitochondria has been observed as one of the significant effect of drug. Conclusion: Thus cytoarchitectural studies signify that long term of CDDP intervention at 0.4 mg/kg/day/animal caused least damage to liver.
Robust Factorization and Completion of Streaming Tensor Data via Variational Bayesian Inference

Streaming tensor factorization is a powerful tool for processing high-volume and multi-way temporal data in Internet networks, recommender systems and image/video data analysis. In many applications the full tensor is not known, but instead received in a slice-by-slice manner over time. Streaming factorizations aim to take advantage of inherent temporal relationships in data analytics. Existing streaming tensor factorization algorithms rely on least-squares data fitting and they do not possess a mechanism for tensor rank determination. This leaves them susceptible to outliers and vulnerable to over-fitting. This paper presents the first Bayesian robust streaming tensor factorization model. Our model successfully identifies sparse outliers, automatically determines the underlying tensor rank and accurately fits low-rank structure. We implement our model in Matlab and compare it to existing algorithms. Our algorithm is applied to factorize and complete various streaming tensors including synthetic data, dynamic MRI, video sequences, and Internet traffic data.
The Populations of Carina. II. Chemical Enrichment

Chemical abundances are presented for 19 elements in a sample of 63 red giants in the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph), based on homogeneous 1D/LTE model atmosphere analyses of our own observations (32 stars) and data available in the literature (a further 31 independent stars). The (Fe) metallicity and [α/Fe] distribution functions have mean values and dispersions of −1.59 and 0.33 dex ([Fe/H] range: −2.68 to −0.64) and 0.07 and 0.13 dex ([α/Fe] range: −0.27 to 0.25), respectively. We confirm the finding of Venn et al. that a small percentage (some 10% in the present investigation) of the sample shows clear evidence for significant enrichment by Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) ejecta. Calcium, with the most accurately determined abundance of the α-elements, shows an asymmetric distribution toward smaller values of [Ca/Fe] at all [Fe/H], most significantly over −2.0 < [Fe/H] < −1.0, suggestive of incomplete mixing of the ejecta of SNe Ia with the ambient medium of each of Carina’s generations. Approximate color–magnitude diagram age estimates are presented for the sample, and together with our chemical abundances, compared with the results of our previous synthetic color–magnitude diagram analysis, which reported the details of Carina’s four well-defined populations. We searched for the Na–O anticorrelation universally reported in the Galaxy’s globular clusters and confirm that this phenomenon does not exist in Carina. We also found that one of the 32 stars in our sample has an extremely enhanced lithium abundance—A(Li)NLTE = +3.36, consistent with membership of the ∼1% group of Li-rich stars in dSph described by Kirby et al.
Studying Consumption Patterns Using Registry Data: Lessons from Swedish Administrative Data

This paper measures consumption expenditures using registry data on income and asset holdings in Sweden and illustrates how a registry-based measure can alleviate some critical limitations of traditional survey measures in capturing changes in consumption inequality and consumption responses to shocks. In the construction of our measure, we build on previous work exploiting the identity coming from the household budget constraint between consumption expenditures and income net of savings. We try to improve this measure using more registry information to account for the contribution of both financial and real assets to consumption flows. We demonstrate the power of the registry-based measure to study the relationship between income and consumption inequality, especially at the top of the income distribution. We also exploit the longitudinal dimension to study consumption responses to important life-time events and the different means used to smooth consumption.
The Dividend Discount Model in the Long-Run: A Clinical Study

Finance professionals frequently value assets using fundamental valuation methods which discount the expected cash flows received by investors. Using information on the share price, dividend payments and earnings for a single firm over a period of more than 120 years, we compare the actual share price to the expected price - calculated using several of the most commonly used fundamental valuation methods. Since these methods depend on the estimation of inputs - such as the discount rate and growth rate - we discuss the sensitivity of the expected prices to different estimation techniques and the relevant assumptions across various economic conditions. Over our entire sample period, we find that dividend-based models perform well at explaining actual prices; they perform better than commonly used earnings-based models (such as the Fed Model).
Irradiation effects on antibody performance in the frame of biochip-based instruments development for space exploration

Abstract Several instruments based on immunoassay techniques have been proposed for life-detection experiments in the framework of planetary exploration but few experiments have been conducted so far to test the resistance of antibodies against cosmic ray particles. We present several irradiation experiments carried out on both grafted and free antibodies for different types of incident particles (protons, neutrons, electrons and 12C) at different energies (between 9 MeV and 50 MeV) and different fluences. No loss of antibodies activity was detected for the whole set of experiments except when considering protons with energy between 20 and 30 MeV (on free and grafted antibodies) and fluences much greater than expected for a typical planetary mission to Mars for instance. Our results on grafted antibodies suggest that biochip-based instruments must be carefully designed according to the expected radiation environment for a given mission. In particular, a surface density of antibodies much larger than the expected proton fluence would prevent significant loss of antibodies activity and thus assuring a successful detection.
Radiative efficiency, variability and Bondi accretion on to massive black holes: the transition from radio AGN to quasars in brightest cluster galaxies

We examine unresolved nuclear X-ray sources in 57 brightest cluster galaxies to study the relationship between nuclear X-ray emission and accretion on to supermassive black holes. The majority of the clusters in our sample have prominent X-ray cavities embedded in the surrounding hot atmospheres, which we use to estimate mean jet power and average accretion rate on to the supermassive black holes over the past several hundred Myr. We find that roughly half of the sample have detectable nuclear X-ray emission. The nuclear X-ray luminosity is correlated with average accretion rate determined using X-ray cavities, which is consistent with the hypothesis that nuclear X-ray emission traces ongoing accretion. The results imply that jets in systems that have experienced recent active galactic nucleus (AGN) outbursts, in the last ∼107 yr, are ‘on’ at least half of the time. Nuclear X-ray sources become more luminous with respect to the mechanical jet power as the mean accretion rate rises. We show that nuclear radiation exceeds the jet power when the mean accretion rate rises above a few per cent of the Eddington rate, or a power output of ∼1045ergs−1, where the AGN apparently transitions to a quasar. The nuclear X-ray emission from three objects (A2052, Hydra A, M84) varies by factors of 2–10 on time-scales of 6 months to 10 years. If variability at this level is a common phenomenon, it can account for much of the scatter in the relationship between mean accretion rate and nuclear X-ray luminosity. We find no significant change in the spectral energy distribution as a function of luminosity in the variable objects. The nuclear X-ray luminosity is consistent with emission from either a jet, an advection-dominated accretion flow, or a combination of the two, although other origins are possible. We also consider the longstanding problem of whether jets are powered by the accretion of cold circumnuclear gas or nearly spherical inflows of hot keV gas. For a subset of 13 nearby systems in our sample, we re-examine the relationship between the jet power and the Bondi accretion rate. The results indicate weaker evidence for a trend between Bondi accretion and jet power, due to uncertainties in the cavity volumes and gas densities at the Bondi radius. We suggest that cold gas fuelling could be a likely source of accretion power in these objects; however, we cannot rule out Bondi accretion, which could play a significant role in low-power jets.
A 2–3 billion year old major merger paradigm for the Andromeda galaxy and its outskirts

Recent observations of our neighbouring galaxy M31 have revealed that its disk was shaped by widespread events. The evidence for this includes the high dispersion ($V/\sigma$ $\le$ 3) of stars older than 2 Gyr, and a global star formation episode, 2-4 Gyr ago. Using the modern hydrodynamical code, GIZMO, we have performed 300 high-resolution simulations to explore the extent to which these observed properties can be explained by a single merger. We find that the observed M31 disk resembles models having experienced a 4:1 merger, in which the nuclei coalesced 1.8-3 Gyr ago, and where the first passage took place 7 to 10 Gyr ago at a large pericentre distance (32 kpc). We also show that within a family of orbital parameters, the Giant Stream (GS) can be formed with various merger mass-ratios, from 2:1 to 300:1. A recent major merger may be the only way to create the very unusual age-dispersion relation in the disk. It reproduces and explains the long-lived 10 kpc ring, the widespread and recent star formation event, the absence of a remnant of the GS progenitor, the apparent complexity of the 3D spatial distribution of the GS, the NE and G Clumps and their formation process, and the observed slope of the halo profile. These modelling successes lead us to propose that the bulk of the substructure in the M31 halo, as well as the complexity of the inner galaxy, may be attributable to a single major interaction with a galaxy that has now fully coalesced with Andromeda.
Factors affecting wheat farmers’ attitudes toward organic farming

In recent years the focus on organic farming has been emphasised because of the negative effects of conventional farming. Any persuasion geared toward making farmers adopt organic farming methods requires an investigation of their current attitude toward organic farming. The main purpose of this descriptive-correlational study was to investigate the effective factors that determine farmers’ attitudes toward organic farming. The statistical population consisted of all the wheat farmers in the Khodabande township (N = 24,350), of whom 275 were identified based on Cochran’s sampling formula and through a stratified, randomised sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire (whose validity was verified by a panel of experts in related fields); to check its reliability, a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated to equal 0.78. The results showed that the attitude of the majority of respondents toward organic farming, at 50.9 percent, was positive, and the attitude of the other 49.1 percent was neutral. Correlation analysis revealed that age, family household number, and experience had a negative meaningful correlation with the farmers’ attitude, but education, income, and knowledge of organic farming had a positive meaningful correlation. Comparison analysis showed that there were significant differences between farmers’ attitudes toward organic farming based on the different cultivation methods as well as the use of pesticides and herbicides. Logistical regression analysis revealed that the factors that significantly (p<0.05) affected farmers’ attitudes toward organic farming included the farmer’s experience, income, and their knowledge of organic farming.
Study of InxGa1-xN layers growth on GaN/Al2O3 by MOCVD at different pressures

We present the InxGa1-xN layers growth in a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system. First, we growth a GaN epitaxial layer on sapphire substrate, trimethylgallium (TMGa) and ammonia (NH3) are precursors of gallium and nitrogen, respectively, and hydrogen (H2) is used as the carrier gas. Later, on the GaN epilayer, the growth of the InxGa1- xN layer is carried out using trimethylindium (TMIn) as the indium precursor. The InxGa1-xN layers were studied using X- ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD pattern shows the diffraction lines which could be ascribed to the formation of hexagonal In0.115Ga0. 885N for sample A, and In0.26Ga0. 74N for sample B, both with the wurtzite type structure. SEM images illustrate the effect of the growth pressure on the films surface morphology. At low pressure the sample A has smaller grain size and higher nuclei density; at high pressure the island size increases and has lower den- sity (sample B). The alloy formation is favored at 550 Torr.
Determination nurses’ knowledge about initial drugs used during emergency management of acute myocardial infarction

Objective : Acute myocardial infarction is a life threatening condition that influences the physical, psychological and social dimensions of the individual. The aim of this study was conducted to determine nurses’ knowledge of initial treatment during an emergency management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods : A descriptive study was used. The standardized administered questionnaires were administered on 139 critical care nurses who are employed in five teaching hospitals at Khartoum state/Sudan. Data processed using the statistical package software (SPSS); version 19, Chi-Square test was used, p -value of < . 05 considered statistically significant for the analysis. Results : The study results revealed that the total mean knowledge scores of the studied subjects related to the initial treatment of acute myocardium infarction was found to be low than bench mark with t & p values ( t = 6.87 at p = .000). Also, most of studied subjects had poor level of knowledge regarding thrombolytic agents specifically about characteristics of streptokinase, indications, contraindications and complications; even among trained nurses ( p values = .000). Conclusions : The studied subjects had poor levels of knowledge related to the drugs used for initial management of acute myocardial infarction specifically those related to understanding the thrombolytic agents.
Measurement of low‐altitude CO over the Indian subcontinent by MOPITT

We show that the dayside MOPITT retrievals in the lower troposphere can provide useful information on surface sources of atmospheric CO over the Indian subcontinent. We find that MOPITT retrievals at 850 hPa show localized enhancements over the Indian subcontinent, which correlate with similar enhancements seen in the tropospheric NO2 columns from the SCIAMACHY instrument. In particular, high concentrations of CO over the Indo-Gangetic basin and some prominent cities are captured in the lower-tropospheric retrievals in spring. MOPITT averaging kernels (normalized to take into account the absorber amounts in the layers) indicate that the retrievals are sensitive to CO in the lower troposphere. In winter, MOPITT retrievals at 850 hPa can detect the strongest source areas over the eastern states of Bihar and West Bengal, thus confirming the so-called “Bihar pollution pool,” which was detected earlier in the aerosol measurements by the multiangle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) aboard Terra. The pollution features are consistent with the spatial distribution of CO emissions in India, as reflected in the GEOS-Chem simulation of CO. Furthermore, these lower-tropospheric features in the simulation are still present after smoothing the modeled fields using the MOPITT averaging kernels and a priori profile, demonstrating that the retrievals do have sensitivity in the lower troposphere. This work indicates that although MOPITT retrievals are often most sensitive to CO in the middle and upper troposphere, they do provide information on lower-tropospheric CO in selected continental regions with strong thermal contrast and could be useful for pollution studies.
Dynamic Biomechanical Analysis for Construction Tasks Using Motion Data from Vision-Based Motion Capture Approaches

In the labor-intensive construction industry, workers are frequently exposed to manual handling tasks involving forceful exertions and awkward postures. As a result, construction workers are at about a 16 percent higher risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) than workers in other industries. A biomechanical model-based musculoskeletal stress analysis is one of the widely used methods to identify the risk of WMSDs during occupational tasks. However, the use of biomechanical analysis has been limited in only laboratory experiments due to the difficulty of collecting motion data required for biomechanical models under real conditions. To reflect postural variations when performing construction tasks, an effective and easily accessible mean that enables us to conduct biomechanical analysis under real conditions is required. To address this issue, we propose a motiondata–driven biomechanical analysis by enabling automatic processes to convert motion data from vision-based motion capture into available data for representing motions in biomechanical analysis tools. We conduct a case study on masonry work to determine the feasibility of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed approach has the potential to assess an individual’s motions and to provide personalized feedback for the purpose of reducing biomechanical loads and WMSD risk in real workplaces.