Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modelling of the Motion of Dust-Laden Gases in the Freeboard of CFB Using the Two-Fluid Approach

Fluidized beds are the units designed to provide fluid-solid contacting by the fluid flow through a bed of particles (Andrews and Arthur 2007). A number of thermal processes in technology take advantage of the importance of gas-solid interaction in fluidized beds to carry out gas-solid reactions, heterogeneous catalysis and particle drying. The gas-solid fluidization process in circulating fluidized beds is widely applied in many industrial branches. Characterization of the gas-solid particle flow in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser is important for the process optimization. The particle size distribution has significant influence on the dynamics of gas-solid flow (He et al., 2008) along with another important property of the giving system, such as difference in the physical densities of the used materials. The gas-fluidized beds consist of fine granular materials that are subject to the gas flow from below giving the transport velocity that is large enough to overcome the gravity by the viscous drag force and thus the particles can suspend and be fluidized. When in the fluidized state, the moving particles work effectively as a mixer resulting in a uniform temperature distribution and high mass transfer rate, which are beneficial for the efficiency of many physical and chemical processes (Wang et al., 2005). For this reason the gasfluidized beds are widely applied in different industries: thermal, energy, chemical, petrochemical, metallurgical, and environmental industries in large-scale operations involving adhesion optimized coating, granulation, drying, and synthesis of fuels and base chemicals (Kunii & Levenspiel, 1991). In general, the lack of understanding of fundamentals of the dense gas–particle flows has led to severe difficulties in design and scale-up of these industrially important gas-solid contactors (van Swaaij, 1985). In most cases, the design and scale-up of fluidized bed reactors is a fully empirical process based on preliminary tests on pilot-scale model reactors, which is a very time consuming and thus expensive activity. Clearly, computer simulations can be a very useful tool to aid this design and scale-up process. In the CFB furnaces the ash solids and inert materials like sand particles are mainly used as a solid heat carrier – separated in a hot cyclone and cooled after that in a heat exchanger
SMOOTHING LOCALLY SMOOTH PROCESSES BY BAYESIAN NONPARAMETRIC METHODS

This report is concerned with the analysis of stochastic processes of the form R(x) = S(x) + N(x) where S is a "smooth", N is noise, and all quantities including x are real-valued. Our methods, which can easily be extended to a much more general class of stochastic processes, derive from the assumption that the observed R-values and unobserved values of R (interpolants or predictands, the assumed inferential objectives of the analysis), are linearly related through Taylor series expansions of observed about unobserved values. The expansion errors and all other a priori unspecified quantities have a joint multivariate normal distribution which expresses the prior uncertainty about their values. For technical expediency, both maximum likelihood and cross-validation are used to estimate the a prior unspecified hyperparameters. The results include interpolators, predictors and derivative estimates with credibility interval estimates automatically generated in each case. An analysis of an acid rain, wet-deposition time series is included to indicate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Toward a phylogenetic subfamilial classification for the Compositae (Asteraceae)

—Molecular studies of the flowering plarjt family Compositae (Asteraceae) based on comparative DNA sequence data of chloroplast genes provide new insights into the evolution and radiation of the family. The results support the creation of new groups to maintain a classification that reflects evolutionary history. We are proposing the following new names: subfamilies Corymbioideae, Gochnatioideae, Gymnarrhenoideae, Hecastocleoideae, and Pertyoideae; tribes Athroismeae, Corymbieae, Dicomeae, Gochnatieae, GymCTarrheneae, Hecastochsideae, Polyomieae; subtribe Rojasianthinae. The totals now stand at 11 subfamilies and 35 tribes. Only one tribe, the Mutisjeae, is non-monophyletic having two branches. Most, of the new groups are derived from taxa included in tribe Mutisieae, long suspected to be a paraphyletic group. Molecular studies that support these changes are discussed elsewhere but a summary of their results is presented. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the family Compositae (Asteraceae) have been instrumental in providing important insight into the evolution and radiation of the family. Assessments of phylogenetic relationships in the family using molecular data began with restriction fragment Length polymorphisms of the chloroplast genome. These studies identified a 22 kb inversion present in a|l members of the Compositae except the MuQsjeae subtri.be Baroadesieae (Jansen & Palmer 1987), which had a chloroplast organization similar to the rest of land plants. This result was used to elevate the Barnadesieae to subfamily status (Brenter & Jansen 1992), & the traditional two subfamily system consisting of Cichorioideae and Asteroideae was expanded to include the Bamadesioideae. Kim & Jansen (1995) published what can arguably be viewed as one of the most important papers using DNA sequence data aimed at elucidating the phylogeny of the Compositae. In this paper they identified the major clades of the Compositae using sequence data of the chloroplast gene ndftF and provide additional evidence for the paraphyly of subfamily Cichorioideae. Their data provided some support for the recognition of three main groups within subfamily Cichorioideae s.l, splitting sequentially from above the Bamadesioideae: 1) Mutisieae, followed by 2) Cardueae, and finally, 3) the tribes Cichorieae, Liabeae, Vemonieae, and Arctoteac forming a monophyletic group sister to Asteroideae. The latter group plus Asteroideae was recognized by Bremer (1994, 1996) as the vernonioid group. Since the publication of the molecular phylogeny of the Compositae by Kim & Jansen (1995) only the study by Bayer & Starr (1998) has provided a competing hypothesis of tribal relationship based on nencoding regions of the chloroplast genome, but this study did not provide good support for any new patterns of relationshipMost studies using the ndhF data matrix to date have concentrated on elucidating the placement of a particular
A COMPLEX RATIO MEASURING UNIT USING ENHANCED BRANCH-LINE COUPLER FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS

This article presents the complex ratio measurement unit (CRMU) design formed by enhanced 3-dB branch-line couplers (BLCs), which are placed symmetrically. The first CRMU is formed by four wideband 3-dB BLCs implementing Defect Ground Structure (DGS) and stub impedance techniques that operate over the frequency of 2.5 to 4 GHz. Meanwhile, the other CRMU is formed by four reduced size of enhanced two-section microstrip-slot BLCs with tight coupling of 3-dB over frequency of 2 to 5 GHz. The performances of the CRMU designs are observed and analyzed. The BLCs and CRMUs are designed using CST Microwave Studio. While, the S-parameter performances of the CRMUs are analyzed using Keysight’s Advanced System (ADS) software.
Efficiency And Farm Size In Western Cape Grape Production: Pooling Small Datasets

A stochastic frontier is fitted to two panels of wine grape farms (34 in Robertson and 36 in Worcester) for 2003 and 2004 and a cross section of 37 table grape farms in De Doorns for 2004 only. The panel of wine grape farms is the best model as tests show that De Doorns is different. Output is explained by land, labour and machinery and efficiency is affected by labour quality, age and education of the farmer, location, the percentage of non-bearing vines and expenditures on electricity for irrigation. There is evidence of a small degree of increasing returns to scale. Copyright (c) 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation (c) 2006 Economic Society of South Africa.
pproach-related left prefrontal EEG asymmetry predicts muted rror-related negativity

In two studies, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to test whether approach-motivation-related brain activity would predict reduced sensitivity to negative outcomes. In both studies, participants (Study 1, N = 26; Study 2, N = 56) were first recorded for baseline EEG to measure approach-related left frontal EEG activity. They then completed either the color-naming Stroop task (Study 1) or the Multi-Source Interference Task (Study 2) to measure error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential that
Modern Orthopaedic Implant Coatings — Their Pro’s, Con’s and Evaluation Methods

Metal implants in the field of orthopaedic and trauma surgery have been used for a long time to restore joint function, reduce pain or stabilize fractures [1-3]. Both prevention of infection as well as integration of the implant with the host-tissue (mostly bone) are factors of concern. The most frequently used implants for these purposes are made of metallic alloys (for plates and nails for fracture repair and for total joint arthroplasties) and polyethylene (PE) (used in the articulating parts of a prosthesis).
Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry in Studies of Nanoparticle-Protein Interactions

Over the years a number of epidemiological studies have shown that PM from combustion sources such as motor vehicles contributes to respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.Especially so do the ultra-fine particles (UFPs) with a diameter less than 0.1 micrometer.UFPs from combustion engines are capable to translocate over the alveolar–capillary barrier. When nano-sized PM (nanoparticles, NP), which are small enough to enter the blood stream, do so they are likely to interact with plasma proteins and this protein-NP interaction will probably affect the fate of and the effects caused by the NPs in the human body. Here, by using a proteomic approach, we present results showing that several proteins indeed are associated to NPs that have in vitro been introduced to human blood plasma.
Data fusion for precise dead-reckoning of passenger cars

Abstract This paper investigates the possibility of computing the actual position of a passenger car based on different independent internal signals available in a production car. A new front wheel based dead reckoning approach is compared to a model based approach as well as to an Extended Kalman Filter. Depending on the method the input signals are the wheel revolutions of the front wheels, the steering angle and the yaw rate. Experimental results show the quality of all three algorithms compared to position data obtained by a DGPS system and also to the well known rear wheel based dead reckoning approach.
Female Falcons: An Exploration of Feminine Honor in South Asian Communities

_____________________________________________ Honor is a very complex system of values, norms, and social practices that can be categorized under four themes. Each of the themes signifies specific qualities of honor. The current study presents a further exploration of the concept of feminine honor, by exploring the experience of feminine honor in individuals of South Asian descent. Participants were asked to define honor, describe honorable women, and to give anecdotes of “good” and “bad” experiences with honor a woman they know had. The present study aims to contribute to the literature on honor in two important ways. First, the present study collected data from an underrepresented population in research on honor. Second, the present study focuses on the understudied topic of feminine honor.
D~TECTED BY CERVICAL CYTOLOGY

Forty two women whose cervical cytologic smears (Fast smear) exhibt­ ed en,dometrial cells during the second half of the menstrual cycle were subjected to histologic examination of the endometrium. Fifteen (35.7%) showed endometrial pathology as endometrial polyp in 4 (9.5%), cystic hyperplasia in 8 (19%) and adenomatous hyperplasia in 3 (7.2%) cases. Seventy five percent of endometrial polyps were found in women after the age of 40 (P<0.05). Introduction The presence of endometrial cells in cervico-vaginal smear in the second half of the menstrual cycle and its coexistence with en­ dometrial pathology have been re­ ported, The association of these findings with endometrial diseases in women over 40 years ranged from 20 60% and correlation with adenocarcinoma of endometrium from 1 3% (Gondos and King, 1977 Zuker et aI., 1985). The aim of this study was to evaluate the histologic changes that accompany the finding of abnor­ mally shed endometrial cells detect­ ed on routine cervical cytology and to define the predictive value of this finding regarding endometrial disease. Material and Methods This study included 42 women whose cervical cytologic smears (Fast smear) demonstrated the presence of endometrial cells dur­ ing the second half of menstrual cycle (beyond the tenth day of the cycle). From each woman, an en­ dometrial biopsy was taken and the collected endometriun was histo­ logically examined and the patho­
THE PROBLEM OF THE DETERMINATION OF WATER AND COW MILK ADULTERATING GOAT MILK

The demonstrability of the adulteration of goat milk with added water and cow milk was investigated by measurement of the freezing point of the milk. Milk samples collected from a Saanen goat flock were mixed with water in the ranges 0-90% and 1-10% and with cow milk in the ranges 0-90%. The freezing points of the samples were determined by a standard cryoscopic method. Our results suggested that the freezing point prescribed as a reference value by the Codex Alimentarius Hungaricus and the EU directives for fresh and unadulterated goat milk (-0.52 °C) is too liberal, and this opens the door for the adulteration of goat milk. Only extraneous water in excess of 6% could be detected reliably in goat milk and therefore the measured freezing points at lower extraneous water contents appear falsely as good results. Accordingly, revision of the reference freezing point value of goat milk seems reasonable. Similarly, demonstrated that the adulteration of goat milk with cow milk can not be proved by measurement of the freezing point unless the goat milk contains cow milk in excess of 50%.
The how, why, what, when, and who of happiness: Mechanisms underlying the success of positive activity interventions.

M ost people want to be happy (Diener, 2000) and they seek happiness in a variety of ways—through achieving greater income or more prestigious careers, living walking distance to the ocean, or buying a shiny new car. Evidence suggests, however, that changing one’s life circumstances (e.g., marital status, career, location, and income) is not the most fruitful path to greater well-being (Sheldon & Lyubomirsky, 2006a). Instead, simple cognitive and behavioral strategies that people can employ in their daily lives have been found to reliably improve happiness (Sin & Lyubomirsky, 2009), including its hallmark, positive emotions (Diener, Sandvik, & Pavot, 1991; Urry et al., 2004). Th ese strategies do not involve making major shift s to people’s current life situations and can be used by anyone, regardless of their genetic make-up. Although possessing the capacity to increase one’s own happiness may sound too good to be true, the development and understanding of happiness-boosting strategies have come a long way since Fordyce (1977, 1983) published his fi rst successful attempts at intentionally increasing happiness levels in his classrooms. Since that time, research has accumulated to convincingly suggest that a large portion of happiness may be under people’s control through the activities they choose and how they construe and respond to situations in their lives (Lyubomirsky, Sheldon, & Schkade, 2005). A common argument from skeptics is that people’s happiness levels are genetically determined and cannot be substantively changed. Despite persuasive evidence from twin studies that well-being levels are strongly infl uenced by genetics (Lykken & Tellegen, 1996), more recent research suggests that genetic infl uences on happiness might be weaker than originally thought, with environmental infl uences explaining a large portion of individual diff erences in happiness (Røysamb, Harris, Magnus, Vittersø, & Tambs, 2002; Stubbe, Posthuma, Boomsma, & de Geus, 2005). Furthermore, research on gene-environment interactions suggests that biology and
In Pursuit of Porcine Pluripotent Stem Cells for Autologous Cell Therapy

Treatments to repair the human heart following regenerative diseases remain a challenge for medical science. Unlike lower vertebrate species the human heart lacks a regenerative pathway meaning that research has to be focused on cell transplantation. Porcines (Sus scrofa) are excellent models for cardiovascular disease and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) generated from porcines will provide important clinical insights for cardiac cell therapy. This could open a new avenue of research into degenerative conditions as porcine is a more effective human proxy to work with. However, bona fide PSCs are currently available onlyin rodents (mouse, rat) and primates (monkey, human). Attempts to derivepluripotent stem cells (PSCs) from porcine have been going on for more than two decades with slow progress. Despite the fact that the porcine stem cells are under increasing glare of publicity due to milestone achievements in this area of research. Advances in stem cell technology, especially the genetic engineering, innovative cell culturing and induced pluripotency to generate stem cells has dramatically revolutionized the basic and applied investigations and applications of porcine stem cells. This review attempts to summarize the major signaling pathways involved in maintenance of pluripotency and the state of the art conceptual and technical progress for generating bona fide porcine PSCs.
THE EFFECT OF NEIGHBORHOODS ON CHILDREN ’ S ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN CHINA : EXPLORING MEDIATING MECHANISMS Inspired by William

Along with the economic reforms, rapid urbanization, and the growth of a free land market, Chinese cities witness the emergence of new forms neighborhood poverty and increasing residential segregation by social class, migration status, and housing tenure. But little is known about the consequences of this growing social-spatial differentiation for children’s academic achievement in China. Using nationwide data from the China Family Panel Studies in 2010, this study examines the effect of neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) on children’s test scores in urban China and explores the mechanisms through which neighborhood environment affects children. The results show that neighborhood SES is positively associated with children’s verbal and math test scores after accounting for myriad individual and family characteristics. These neighborhood effects are partly transmitted through the quantity and types of neighborhood institutions and through collective socialization. Peer contagion, neighborhood social organization, and parenting behavior account for only a small portion of the effects of neighborhood SES on children’s test scores.
Analysis of the Influence of Alkyl Polyglycoside Surfactant and Cosolvent Structure on Interfacial Tension in Aqueous Formulations versus n-Octane

Abstract We studied the influence of molecular structural elements of alkyl polyglycoside (APG) surfactants on the interfacial tension (IFT) in aqueous formulations against n-octane. This included the analysis of alkyl and aryl chain length, type and number of sugar-ring head, anomers, addition of cosolvents and effect of salt addition. We found that longer alkyl or aryl chains lead to lower IFT, consistent with data recorded for commercial (mixed) APGs. APGs with only one sugar-ring head had lower IFT than their analog maltose derivates (two-ring head). Intriguingly the stereochemistry of the sugar head (i.e. galactose versus glucose) and the type of anomer showed a significant influence on IFT. The n-octyl-α-D-glucopyranoside anomer had a lower IFT than the corresponding β-anomer. 1-octanol and 1-hexanol were efficient cosolvents consistent with the datasets observed for commercial APGs. Salt addition reduced IFT. Functional groups (aldehyde, amide-methoxy) integrated into the molecular architecture of the APG skeleton were efficient in terms of significantly reducing IFT, suggesting a strategy for the molecular design of advanced APG surfactants. We discuss the results in the context of the hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLD) concept, which we modified so that IFT values are discussed instead of phase behavior.
A DIFFERENTIABLE PHYSICS ENGINE

One of the most important fields in robotics is the optimization of controllers. Currently, robots are often treated as a black box in this optimization process, which is the reason why derivative-free optimization methods such as evolutionary algorithms or reinforcement learning are omnipresent. When gradient-based methods are used, models are kept small or rely on finite difference approximations for the Jacobian. This method quickly grows expensive with increasing numbers of parameters, such as found in deep learning. We propose an implementation of a modern physics engine, which can differentiate control parameters. This engine is implemented for both CPU and GPU. Firstly, this paper shows how such an engine speeds up the optimization process, even for small problems. Furthermore, it explains why this is an alternative approach to deep Q-learning, for using deep learning in robotics. Finally, we argue that this is a big step for deep learning in robotics, as it opens up new possibilities to optimize robots, both in hardware and software.
Nutrient enrichment of some waste agricultural residues after solid state fermentation using Rhizopus oligosporus.

Objective: To study biodelignification of waste agricultural residues for the purpose of developing novel livestock feeds and feedstuffs. Methodology and results: Waste agricultural residues of grain crops (maize cob, maize sheath, corn bran, sorghum stover, rice husk ), root crop (cassava waste), leguminous crop (groundnut shell), Mansonia saw dust, Guinea grass and Feather meal were incubated with Rhizopus oligosporus in solid state fermentation,with untreated samples used as the control. Proximate analysis, mineral composition, fibre fractions and the invitro enzymatic digestibility of dry matter were determined and compared. The fungus was able to delignify the waste agricultural residues with significant (P<0.05) reduction in the crude fibre and lignin contents. Protein content of fermented waste agricultural residues increased significantly (P<0.05) above the unfermented samples and protein enrichment was highest with feather meal, followed by rice husk and was lowest for maize sheath. After incubation, maize cob produced a solid residue with a higher in-vitro dry matter enzymatic digestibility than the untreated samples. Conclusion and application of findings: The study demonstrated that solid state fermentation of some waste agricultural residues with Rhizopus oligosporus can increase the level of limiting nutrients, e.g. proteins and minerals for monogastric and ruminant animals
Protection of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells from Oxidative Stress by Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases

Larry F. Lemanski1,2,*, Chi Zhang*,3, Andrei Kochegarov1, Ashley Moses1, William Lian1, Jessica Meyer1, Pingping Jia4, Yuanyuan Jia5, Yuejin Li6,7, Keith A. Webster5, Xupei Huang6, Michael Hanna1, Mohan P. Achary8, Sharon L. Lemanski2 and Herbert Weissbach9 1Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, Texas 2Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and The Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA