Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time Out for Women: Innovation in Scotland in a Context of Change

The 218 Centre was set up following consistent concerns about the increasing number of women in prison in Scotland and the high-level needs of many of these women. It is an innovative and high-profile attempt to develop appropriate responses to women in the criminal justice system. It offers women an opportunity for time out of their normal environment without resorting to time in custody, providing both residential and community-based services. This article outlines some of the issues and challenges which characterised the early development and operation of the 218 Centre. It illustrates the ways in which some of the issues that arose during the evaluation resonate with current and ongoing debates within criminology, and draws attention to the difficulties in using the criminal justice system to address other issues.
Discussant remarks on Filipa Sá, Pascal Towbin and Tomasz Wieladek’s paper "Capital inflows,financial innovation and housing booms"

Since the global financial crisis of 2007–09, economists and policymakers have struggled to understand the causes of asset price booms and busts. The challenge is illustrated in Figure 1, which shows the path of real property prices from 2000 through 2010 for seven advanced economies (Austria, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States). One question is why property prices in all seven of these countries (and many more besides) all rose and fell over roughly the same period. Was a common factor at work across countries, and if so, what was it? The second question is why the size of the boom differed across countries. What explains the fact that house prices doubled in the United Kingdom, but appreciated only slightly in Austria?
Nutritional composition and aerobic stability of winter cereal silage at different storage times

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the nutritional composition, dry matter (DM) recovery and aerobic stability of winter cereal silages under different storage periods. The materials used were wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. BRS Gralha Azul), barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. BRS Brau), white oat (Avena sativa cv. URS Guará), black oat (Avena strigosa cv. Embrapa 139) and triticale (X Triticosecale IPR 11), in three storage periods: 60, 120 and 180 days. The experiment was conducted in a 5x3 factorial, completely randomized design, consisting of five forage species and three storage periods, with five replicates. In nutritional assessment, barley silage presented low values of acid detergent fiber (ADF; 331.2, 355.2 and 378.5 g kg DM for 60, 120, 180 days, respectively), high total digestible nutrients (TDN; 558.2, 544.7 and 531.6 g kg DM for 60, 120, 180 days, respectively), high DM recovery and aerobic stability. Wheat and triticale showed a decrease in DM recovery with the increase in storage length, although showed high aerobic stability. The storage period had a different effect on forages; however, storage period above 60 days provided no benefits for the variables evaluated.
Do sedation and neuromuscular blockade influence the outcome of adult intensive care patients ? – a prospective observational study

Awake intubation requires an anesthetic management that provides the security and comfort given adequate intubation conditions and hemodynamic variables stability. In this prospective clinical study, the purpose was to evaluate the hemodynamic variables with the use of remifentanil for awake intubation in critically ill patients. Methods: 20 critically ill patients received a remifentanil as continuous infusion (0,1 microgr/kg/min) for ten min before endotracheal intubation using a fiber optic laryngoscope while remaining awake. HR, SBP, DBP, RR, SatO2 and Glasgow values were recorded at baseline, 10 minutes post remifentanil infusion, and at postintubation. The hemodynamic change were compared with 20 patients scheduled for elective surgery. For intubation an optic fiber laryngoscope and induction was performed with midazolam bolus (0,5 to 0,7 mg/Kg)followed by a fentanyl (1.5 microg/kg)and propofol (2,5 mg/Kg)bolus. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, and t-test, (p , 0.05 with statistical significance). Results: UCI: basal: SBP: 116.8 mmHg, DBP: 65 mmHg HR: 121.4 beats/min, RR: 30 vent/ min, SatO2: 84.9%, Glasgow: 13 pts. At 10 min: SBP: 91.3 mmHg (p , 0.0001), DBP: 42.8 mmHg (p , 0.0001) HR: 107.8 (p , 0.01) beats/min, RR: 22.1 vent/min (p , 0.0001), SatO2: 91.95% (p , 0.0001), Glasgow: 10.5 pts. Stability in hemodynamic variables was observed during intubation, with slight increase in HR (110.4 bets/min) while obtaining the patient’s cooperation in the procedure with spontaneous mouth opening and all intubations were successful in the first attempt. Elective surgery patients: ASA I III, baseline SBP: 111.7 mmHg, DBP: 72.1 mmHg, HR: 121.8 beats/min, RR: 24 vent/min, SatO2: 96.7%, Glasgow: 14 pts. Following induction: SBP: 92.5 mmHg (p , 0.0001), DBP: 53 mmHg (p , 0.0001) HR: 105.3 beats/min (p , 0.0001) SatO2: 100 % (p , 0.0001). In all cases a muscle relaxant was used for intubation. The only significant difference between groups was in SatO2, RR (p , 0,05), due to respiratory failure in UCI patients. Both groups demonstrated a significant decrease during induction in SBP, DBP, HR, RR and incresed SatO2. Discussion: Usually, for intubation in critically ill patients, drugs are used that depress hemodynamic variables, ventilation, and in a greater or lesser extent the patient’s neurological state. With the remifentanil infusion, hypotension resulted which responded to expanders solutions, but this decrease was less pronounced (p , 0.05) than midazolam-fentanyl-propofol. Also observed was little Abstracts presented at WCA 2012 BJA ii91 D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /bja/article-ab08/suppl_2/ii75/324764 by gest on 28 D ecem er 2018 neurological depression and maintenace of spontaneous ventilation, with improvement in oxygen saturation in patients with symptoms respiratory failure, making intubation safer. Conclusion: Remifentanil induction proved to be safe for intubation in critically ill patients and allowed them to remain awake, with slight hemodynamic alterations.
On the topological support of species sampling priors

: In Bayesian nonparametric statistics, it is crucial that the sup- port of the prior is very large. Here, we consider species sampling priors. Such priors are widely used within mixture models and it has been shown in the literature that a large support for the mixing prior is essential to ensure the consistency of the posterior. In this paper, simple conditions are given that are necessary and suﬃcient for the support of a species sampling prior to be full. In particular, for proper species sampling priors, the condition is that the maximum size of the atoms of the corresponding process is small with positive probability. We apply this result to show that the main classes of species sampling priors known in literature have full support under mild conditions. Moreover, we ﬁnd priors with a very simple construction still having full support.
Response of Onion to Salinity

Germination responses to salinity levels were evaluated for eight days using the most frequently cultivated onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivar in Tunisia ‘Merveille de Pompei’, an early white European variety with a flat bulb and small neck. Five salt levels were used with electrical conductivities (EC) ranging from 1.21 to 9.51 dS.m -1 . Germination percentage after 8 days was not significantly reduced at any salt level. These test results confirm that salt effects during germination are not related to later responses of the whole plant to salt. Screening onion for salt tolerance would best be done at the vegetative stage. In a second experiment, onion growth responses to salinity levels were evaluated in a greenhouse study in which the same range of salt levels was tested. Total number, height, fresh and dry weight of the leaves, fresh and dry weight of bulbs and fresh and dry weight of roots were measured during the growing season. Onion was sensitive to low salt levels. In the field, continuous irrigation of onion with water having electrical conductivities of 1.21, 1.45, 3.70, 6.21 and 9.51 dS.m -1 resulted in severe die-off of transplanted seedlings in the salinized plots during the first 60 days of growth and consequently, in reduced yields of bulbs. Significant differences in both foliage and bulb weight were found due to the interaction between treatments and plant age. Observations of plant morphological and physiological behaviour under saline conditions were used to
Role of biomass burning and climate anomalies for land‐atmosphere carbon fluxes based on inverse modeling of atmospheric CO2

A Time‐dependent inverse (TDI) model is used to estimate carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes for 64 regions of the globe from atmospheric measurements in the period January 1994 to December 2001. The global land anomalies agree fairly well with earlier results. Large variability in CO2 fluxes are recorded from the land regions, which are typically controlled by the available water for photosynthesis, and air temperature and soil moisture dependent heterotrophic respiration. For example, the anomalous CO2 emissions during the 1997/1998 El Niño period are estimated to be about 1.27 ± 0.22, 2.06 ± 0.37, and 1.17 ± 0.20 Pg‐C yr−1 from tropical regions in Asia, South America, and Africa, respectively. The CO2 flux anomalies for boreal Asia region are estimated to be 0.83 ± 0.19 and 0.45 ± 0.14 Pg‐C yr−1 of CO2 during 1996 and 1998, respectively. Comparison of inversion results with biogeochemical model simulations provide strong evidence that biomass burning (natural and anthropogenic) constitutes the major component in land‐atmosphere carbon flux anomalies. The net biosphere‐atmosphere carbon exchanges based on the biogeochemical model used in this study are generally lower than those estimated from TDI model results, by about 1.0 Pg‐C yr−1 for the periods and regions of intense fire. The correlation and principal component analyses suggest that changes in meteorology (i.e., rainfall and air temperature) associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation are the most dominant controlling factors of CO2 flux anomaly in the tropics, followed by the Indian Ocean Dipole Oscillation. Our results indicate that the Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations are closely linked with CO2 flux variability in the temperate and high‐latitude regions.
Vibration of Visco-Elastic Parallelogram Plate with Parabolic Thickness Variation

The main objective of the present investigation is to study the vibration of visco-elastic parallelogram plate whose thickness varies parabolically. It is assumed that the plate is clamped on all the four edges and that the thickness varies parabolically in one direction i.e. along length of the plate. Rayleigh-Ritz technique has been used to determine the frequency equation. A two terms deflection function has been used as a solution. For visco-elastic, the basic elastic and viscous elements are combined. We have taken Kelvin model for visco-elasticity that is the combination of the elastic and viscous elements in parallel. Here the elastic element means the spring and the viscous element means the dashpot. The assumption of small deflection and linear visco-elastic properties of “Kelvin” type are taken. We have calculated time period and deflection at various points for different values of skew angles, aspect ratio and taper constant, for the first two modes of vibration. Results are supported by tables. Alloy “Duralumin” is considered for all the material constants used in numerical calculations
REVERBERATION MEASUREMENTS OF THE INNER RADIUS OF THE DUST TORUS IN 17 SEYFERT GALAXIES

We present the results of a dust reverberation survey for 17 nearby Seyfert 1 galaxies, which provides the largest homogeneous data collection for the radius of the innermost dust torus. A delayed response of the K-band light curve after the V-band light curve was found for all targets, and 49 measurements of lag times between the flux variation of the dust emission in the K band and that of the optical continuum emission in the V band were obtained by the cross-correlation function analysis and also by an alternative method for estimating the maximum likelihood lag. The lag times strongly correlated with the optical luminosity in the luminosity range of MV = −16 to −22 mag, and the regression analysis was performed to obtain the correlation log Δt (days) = −2.11 − 0.2 MV assuming Δt∝L0.5, which was theoretically expected. We discuss the possible origins of the intrinsic scatter of the dust lag–luminosity correlation, which was estimated to be approximately 0.13 dex, and we find that the difference of internal extinction and delayed response of changes in lag times to the flux variations could have partly contributed to intrinsic scatter. However, we could not detect any systematic change of the correlation with the subclass of the Seyfert type or the Eddington ratio. Finally, we compare the dust reverberation radius with the near-infrared interferometric radius of the dust torus and the reverberation radius of broad Balmer emission lines. The interferometric radius in the K band was found to be systematically larger than the dust reverberation radius in the same band by the about a factor of two, which could be interpreted by the difference between the flux-weighted radius and response-weighted radius of the innermost dust torus. The reverberation radius of the broad Balmer emission lines was found to be systematically smaller than the dust reverberation radius by about a factor of four to five, which strongly supports the unified scheme of the Seyfert type of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Moreover, we examined the radius–luminosity correlations for the hard X-ray (14–195 keV) and the [O iv] λ25. 89 μm emission-line luminosities, which would be applicable for obscured AGNs.
Religious Responses to Fisheries Decline in Irish Coastal Communities with a Comparison to the Pacific Northwest Region, USA

fisheries has been based on Garrett Hardin’s ‘tragedy of the commons’—a simple model of human behavior that concludes: ‘individuals locked into the logic of the commons are free only to bring universal ruin’ (Hardin 1968; de Steiguer 1997; Baden and Noonan 1998). Fishing management has integrated Hardin’s presuppositions into policy design, thereby assuming all fishers are self-profit maximizers, who are inveterate free riders, unaware of conservation. Recently, anthropologists have drawn attention to the dynamics of small, traditional fishing communities, many of which have existed for centuries without collapsing the populations of harvested species, and all of which have some form of indigenous environmental regulation (McGoodwin 1990; Cordell 1989; Dyer and McGoodwin 1994; Pinkerton and Weinstein 1995). This work points to two important deficiencies in the religious environmental ethics literature—relatively little is known about: (1) how specific communities or trades develop an ‘environmental ethic’; and (2) how religious practice and belief respond to changing environmental concerns in industrialized cultures. The purpose of this study is to document the impact of fisheries decline on religious beliefs, superstition and concepts of animal protection in coastal communities in the Republic of Ireland. Fisheries in the North Atlantic, North Sea and the Irish Sea have suffered major collapses in the last two decades (FAO 1997; MacGarvin 1990; Kennedy 1995; Charles 1996; Berrill 1997; Kurlansky 1997; Soares 1998;
Kinetic model for the motion of compressible bubbles in a perfect fluid

Collective behavior of compressible gas bubbles moving in an inviscid incompressible fluid is studied. A kinetic approach is employed, based on an approximate calculation of the fluid flow potential and formulation of Hamilton’s equations for generalized coordinates and momenta of bubbles. Kinetic equations governing the evolution of a distribution function of bubbles are derived. These equations are similar to Vlasov’s equations. Conservation laws which are direct consequences of the kinetic system are found. It is shown that for a narrowly peaked distribution function they form a closed system of hydrodynamical equations for the mean flow parameters. The system yields the analogue of Rayleigh–Lamb’s equation governing oscillations of bubbles. A variational principle for the hydrodynamical system is established and the linear stability analysis is performed.  2002 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.
Active galactic nuclei vs. host galaxy properties in the COSMOS field

Context. The coeval active galactic nuclei (AGN) and galaxy evolution and the observed local relations between super massive black holes (SMBHs) and galaxy properties suggest some sort of connection or feedback between the SMBH growth (i.e., the AGN activity) and the galaxy build-up (i.e., the star formation history). Aims. We have looked for correlations between average properties of X-ray detected AGN and their FIR detected, star forming host galaxies, in order to find quantitative evidences for this connection, that has been highly debated in the latest years. Methods. We exploit the rich multi-wavelength data set (from X-ray to FIR) available in the COSMOS field for a large sample (692 sources) of AGN and their hosts, in the redshift range 0.1 < z < 4. We use X-ray data to select AGN and determine their properties, such as X-ray intrinsic luminosity and nuclear obscuration, and broad-band (from UV to FIR) SED fitting results to derive host galaxy properties, such as stellar mass (M∗) and star formation rate (SFR). Results. We find that the AGN 2-10 keV luminosity (LX) and the host 8 − 1000 μm star formation luminosity (L SF IR ) are significantly correlated, even after removing the dependency of both quantities with redshift. However, the average host L IR has a flat distribution in bins of AGN LX, while the average AGN LX increases in bins of host L SF IR with logarithmic slope of ∼ 0.7, in the redshifts range 0.4 < z < 1.2. We also discuss the comparison between the full distribution of these two quantities and the predictions from hydrodynamical simulations. No other significant correlations between AGN LX and host properties is found. On the other hand, we find that the average column density (NH) shows a clear positive correlation with the host M∗, at all redshifts, but not with the SFR (or L IR ). This translates into a negative correlation with specific SFR, at all redshifts. The same is true if the obscured fraction is computed. Conclusions. Our results are in agreement with the idea, introduced in recent galaxy evolutionary models, that BH accretion and SF rates are correlated, but occur with different variability time scales. Finally, the presence of a positive correlation between NH and host M∗ suggests that the column density that we observe in the X-rays is not entirely due to the circum-nuclear obscuring torus, but may also include a significant contribution from the host galaxy.
Optical and Physical Analysis of Nd3. Doped Borosilicate Glasses

Nowadays rare earth doped glasses are becoming very interesting among researchers due to their physical and optical properties. In the present work physical and optical parameters were computed for borosilicate glasses doped with Neodymium ion. The glass samples were prepared by conventional melt quenching technique. Their final composition is (50 – x) B2O3 (10 + x) SiO2 – 10 Na2O – 20PbO – 10 ZnO0.3 Nd2O3 (where x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40). The amorphous nature of the glass samples was confirmed by XRD (X-ray diffraction). Composition and functional groups of the glass samples were confirmed by EDX (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) respectively. SEM (Scanning Electron microscopy) and TEM (Transmission electron microscope) images were recorded. Absorption spectra have been recorded at room temperature in UV-VIS-NIR region. Energy and intensity parameters were computed for Nd doped glasses. Physical parameters were measured for the present glass. The optical energy band gap was computed for all different concentration of SiO2 contents. It was found that with increasing of the concentration of SiO2 contents, the values of physical parameters decreases.
Influence of benthic and pelagic environmental factors on the distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments along the Swedish west coast

Abundance and frequency of dinoflagellate cysts in 19 surface sediment samples from the northern part of the Swedish west coast has been related to physical and chemical characters of the sediment, hydrography of the overlying water column, and plankton species data from the area. Density of cysts varied between 5000 and 101 000 cysts g -1 dw, and the most commonly encountered species were Lingulodinium polyedrum and Protoceratium reticulatum. In all, 46 environmental variables were tested for their relation to dinoflagellate cyst densities, proportion of autotrophic and heterotrophic taxa, and individual species distribution and frequency. The outcomes of multivariate analyses, projection to latent structures (PLS) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were consistent with each other and the actual cyst count. The density of the total cyst assemblage (>90% autotrophic taxa) was primarily related to surface temperature, macronutrients, and inversely to phytoplankton competitors, such as diatoms. The abundance of heterotrophic taxa was governed by the preferences of their prey, i.e. diatom-favourable conditions, and, in most cases, higher propor- tions of heterotrophic taxa were found at well-mixed sites. Some possible effects of anthropogenic contaminants were also noted. Several taxa showed distinct distribution patterns with respect to the environmental variables. A discrepancy between the species constituting the planktonic and the benthic community was revealed when data from 6 yr of plankton monitoring was compared to the data on distribution of dinoflagellate cysts. In particular, cyst-forming species were only a minor part of the plankton, suggesting that these dinoflagellates spend much of their life in the sediments.
Serological Comparison Between Twenty-Five Bovine Ureaplasma (T-Mycoplasma) Strains by Immunofluorescence

A serological examination, by the indirect immunofluorescence test, was made of twenty-five bovine Ureaplasma (T-mycoplasma) strains. Two of the 25 strains were apparently identical and did not cross-react with any of the others. None of the other remaining 23 strains were identical but each cross-reacted with at least one other strain, sometimes by one-way reactions. The percentage of similarity of strains was calculated and a similarity matrix was constructed. By this method, the 25 strains were found to fall into three groups. One group contained 11 strains, the second contained 12 strains, whereas the third group contained the two strains that were apparently identical but unrelated to any of the other 23. Certain strains within the two larger groups had a low percentage of similarity to some strains in the other group. Based on these results, a serological method of typing bovine Ureaplasma strains is proposed, using antisera to eight strains with which all 25 strains react. None of these eight antisera reacted with any of the eight proposed serotypes of Ureaplasma urealyticum.