Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NUISANCE: a neutrino cross-section generator tuning and comparison framework

NUISANCE is an open source C++ framework which facilitates detailed studies of neutrino interaction cross-section models implemented in Monte Carlo neutrino event generators. It provides a host of automated methods to perform comparisons of multiple generators to published cross-section measurements and each other. External reweighting libraries are used to allow the end-user to evaluate the impact of model parameters variations in the generators with data, or to tune the generator predictions to arbitrary dataset combinations. The design is modular and focusses on ease-of-use to allow new datasets and more generators to be added without requiring detailed understanding of the entire NUISANCE package. We discuss the motivation for the NUISANCE framework and suggested usage cases, alongside a description of its core structure.
EFFECT OF TRANSPORTATION DISTANCE ON WEIGHT LOSSES IN PIGS FROM DEHYDRATION

ABSTRACT: The increasing of global demand for food has required more efficiency in the production process. Transportation represents a source of body dehydration for pigs transported from farm to slaughterhouses. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the distances on the body dehydration of pigs transported to slaughter in tropical conditions. We analyzed 350 pigs shipments with a total of 68,588 heads using statistical software SAS by anova, means and corr procedures. The results showed a liveweight loss estimated at 12% which was increased gradually as the distance increased as pigs were deprived of water for a long time. The most cost-effective distance for the pigs’ transportation under tropical condition is within the range below 100 km, where there were not detected weight losses (p < 0.05).
Lindblad-Floquet description of finite-time quantum heat engines

The operation of autonomous finite-time quantum heat engines rely on the existence of a stable limit cycle in which the dynamics becomes periodic. The two main questions that naturally arise are therefore whether such a limit cycle will eventually be reached and, once it has, what is the state of the system within the limit cycle. In this paper we show that the application of Floquet's theory to Lindblad dynamics offers clear answers to both questions. By moving to a generalized rotating frame, we show that it is possible to identify a single object, the Floquet Liouvillian, which encompasses all operating properties of the engine. First, its spectrum dictates the convergence to a limit cycle. And second, the state within the limit cycle is precisely its zero eigenstate, therefore reducing the problem to that of determining the steady-state of a time-independent master equation. To illustrate the usefulness of this theory, we apply it to a harmonic oscillator subject to a time-periodic work protocol and time-periodic dissipation, an open-system generalization of the Ermakov-Lewis theory. The use of this theory to implement a finite-time Carnot engine subject to continuous frequency modulations is also discussed.
Silver nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity, but not cell transformation or genotoxicity on Balb3T3 mouse fibroblasts

Abstract Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are one of the most common nanomaterials present in nanotechnology-based products. Here, the physical chemical properties of Ag NPs suspensions of 44 nm, 84 nm and 100 nm sizes synthesized in our laboratory were characterized. The NM-300 material (average size of 17 nm), supplied by the Joint Research Centre Nanomaterials Repository was also included in the present study. The Ag NPs potential cytotoxicity was tested on the Balb3T3 cell line by the Colony Forming Efficiency assay, while their potential morphological neoplastic transformation and genotoxicity were tested by the Cell Transformation Assay and the micronucleus test, respectively. After 24 h of exposure, NM-300 showed cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 8 µM (corresponding to 0.88 µg/mL) while for the other nanomaterials tested, values of IC50 were higher than 10 µM (1.10 µg/mL). After 72 h of exposure, Ag NPs showed size-dependent cytotoxic effect with IC50 values of 1.5 µM (1.16 µg/mL) for NM-300, 1.7 µM (1.19 µg/mL) for Ag 44 nm, 1.9 µM (0.21 µg/mL) for Ag 84 nm and 3.2 µM (0.35 µg/mL) for Ag 100 nm. None of the Ag NPs tested was able to induce either morphological neoplastic transformation or micronuclei formation.
Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Transport of Sand-Water Mixtures in Pipelines

The development of empirical model for the hydraulic transport of sand-water mixtures is important for the design of economical solid-liquid transportation system in chemical and waste-disposal industries. The hydraulic transport characteristics of sand-water mixtures in circular pipelines are numerically investigated by using the FLUENT commercial software. Eulerian granular multiphase (EGM) model with the k-e turbulent model is used for the computation. Present method is validated by the computed values with the measured data. The effect of the concentration and pipe sizes on the relative solid effect is numerically investigated. It is found that the effect of the volumetric delivered concentration on both hydraulic gradient and solid effect increases as the Reynolds number decreases. When the Reynolds number is small, the increase in the volumetric delivered concentration has an effect of decreasing the hydraulic gradient whereas the solid effect increases with the volumetric delivered concentration stepping up. The effect of the pipe diameter is not the critical parameter for deciding the values of the relative solid effect in the sand-water mixture transportation.
DIRECT FORMATION OF SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES IN METAL-ENRICHED GAS AT THE HEART OF HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXY MERGERS

We present novel 3D multi-scale smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of gas-rich galaxy mergers between the most massive galaxies at z ∼ 8–10, designed to scrutinize the direct collapse formation scenario for massive black hole seeds proposed in Mayer et al. The simulations achieve a resolution of 0.1 pc, and include both metallicity-dependent optically thin cooling and a model for thermal balance at high optical depth. We consider different formulations of the SPH hydrodynamical equations, including thermal and metal diffusion. When the two merging galaxy cores collide, gas infall produces a compact, optically thick nuclear disk with densities exceeding 10−10 g cm3. The disk rapidly accretes higher angular momentum gas from its surroundings reaching ∼5 pc and a mass of ≳109 M⊙ in only a few 104 years. Outside ≳2 pc it fragments into massive clumps. Instead, supersonic turbulence prevents fragmentation in the inner parsec region, which remains warm (∼3000–6000 K) and develops strong non-axisymmetric modes that cause prominent radial gas inflows (>104 M⊙ yr−1), forming an ultra-dense massive disky core. Angular momentum transport by non-axisymmetric modes should continue below our spatial resolution limit, quickly turning the disky core into a supermassive protostar which can collapse directly into a massive black hole of mass 108–109 M⊙ via the relativistic radial instability. Such a “cold direct collapse” explains naturally the early emergence of high-z QSOs. Its telltale signature would be a burst of gravitational waves in the frequency range of 10−4–10−1 Hz, possibly detectable by the planned eLISA interferometer.
Compute-and-Forward for Random-Access: The Case of Multiple Access Points

Compute-and-forward (C&F) recently finds new applications in random-access networks focusing on the single access point (AP) scenario. In this paper, we extend the use of C&F from the single AP scenario to the multi-AP scenario. To achieve this, we identify two major challenges and propose two novel solutions. First, we introduce an AP cooperation problem and develop an efficient distributed algorithm. Second, we introduce a joint channel estimation and active user recovery problem and propose a solution based on spare recovery techniques. In addition, we provide accurate throughput and delay expressions for C&F-based carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) protocols. These expressions, together with our trace-driven simulations, demonstrate the significant advantages of C&F-based CSMA over conventional CSMA in the multi-AP scenario.
Bioassay-Guided Fractionation of the Crude Methanol Extract of Cassia singueana Leaves

The crude methanol extract of Cassia singueana leaves was subjected to chromatographic separation using column and thin layer chromatographic techniques. The eluted fractions were screened for bioactivity using indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. The extract yielded eight (8) component fractions. Fraction 8 (F8) exhibited the most profound anti-ulcer activity when it completely protected rat stomachs from experimentally-induced ulcerative effects caused by 40 mg/kg of oral indomethacin treatment. Further fractionation of F8 gave two second generation fractions (A and B). Sub-fraction 8A or 8B demonstrated a comparatively reduced in vivo anti-ulcer protective ability compared to the parent fraction (F8). The bioactive effects of the subfractions against indomethacin-induced ulcerogenic tendencies in rats appeared to be synergistic.
Effect of spin-orbit interaction on the excitonic effects in single-layer, double-layer, and bulk MoS2

We present converged ab-initio calculations of the optical absorption spectra of single-layer, bi-layer, and bulk MoS$_2$. Both the quasiparticle-energy calculations (on the level of the GW approximation) and the calculation of the absorption spectra (on the level of the Bethe-Salpeter equation) explicitly include spin-orbit coupling, using the full spinorial Kohn-Sham wave-functions as input. Without excitonic effects, the absorption spectra would have the form of a step-function, corresponding to the joint-density of states of a parabolic band-dispersion in 2D. This profile is deformed by a pronounced bound excitonic peak below the continuum onset. The peak is split by spin-orbit interaction in the case of single-layer and (mostly) by inter-layer interaction in the case of double-layer and bulk MoS$_2$. The resulting absorption spectra are thus very similar in the three cases but the interpretation of the spectra is different. Differences in the spectra can be seen around 3 eV where the spectra of single and double-layer are dominated by a strongly bound exciton.
Second Harmonic Generation Imaging

Second harmonic generation (or SHG) is a nonlinear optical process wherein a material interacts with intense laser light, resulting in the emission of light that is precisely doubled in frequency. Since different materials induce this effect to varying degrees, it can be used as an imaging technique, and as seen in recent literature, can be used in biological imaging as complementary to other nonlinear imaging modalities such as two photon microscopy.
Visual web test repair

Web tests are prone to break frequently as the application under test evolves, causing much maintenance effort in practice. To detect the root causes of a test breakage, developers typically inspect the test's interactions with the application through the GUI. Existing automated test repair techniques focus instead on the code and entirely ignore visual aspects of the application. We propose a test repair technique that is informed by a visual analysis of the application. Our approach captures relevant visual information from tests execution and analyzes them through a fast image processing pipeline to visually validate test cases as they re-executed for regression purposes. Then, it reports the occurrences of breakages and potential fixes to the testers. Our approach is also equipped with a local crawling mechanism to handle non-trivial breakage scenarios such as the ones that require to repair the test's workflow. We implemented our approach in a tool called Vista. Our empirical evaluation on 2,672 test cases spanning 86 releases of four web applications shows that Vista is able to repair, on average, 81% of the breakages, a 41% increment with respect to existing techniques.
Proximate composition and cytotoxicity of single cell protein enriched rich

Single cell protein or mycoprotein does not only enrich crude protein content but also enhances the carbohydrate, lipids, minerals, and other nutritional attributes of the substrates. Thus, the conduct of the present study to evaluate the proximate composition (moisture content, crude fat, crude fiber and ash content, total carbohydrates and total energy) of the endophytic fungi treated rice bran. Nine species of endophytic fungi associated with bamboo (Cladosporium cladosporioides, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium citrinum, Monascus ruber, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium sp. 1 and Fusarium sp. 2) were used to improve the proximate composition of the rice bran. Results revealed significant increase in the moisture, crude fiber, crude fat and ash content while decrease in total energy and total carbohydrates were recorded. Fusarium semitectum – treated rice bran obtained the highest moisture content of 10.82% while the least of 7.83% was obtained by Penicillium citrinum – treated rice bran. Ash content of rice bran was increased from 19.75% to 22.90% by Aspergillus niger. For the crude fat, Fusarium sp. 2 – treated rice bran recorded the highest crude fat of 4.86% while Fusarium sp 1 registered the highest crude fiber with 27.64%. All, except Aspergillus ochraceaus and Fusarium sp 1 were found non-cytotoxic at 6 and 12 hrs of incubation depicting their feasibility as safe and nutrient enriched substitute to animal feeds.
Teenagers with type 2 diabetes mellitus as a hidden population : A qualitative study of the representations and experiences related to the disease in Mazatlán , Mexico

Objective: To analyze the representations that adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus living in Mazatlán, Mexico have of the disease. Methods: The study design was qualitative and based on an analytical approach of narrative research. Indepth interviews and participant observation were conducted with eight adolescents (four females and four males). The sample was theoretical-intentional according to age (10-19 years), diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and residence in Mazatlán. Results and Discussion: Adolescent experiences and representations regarding the disease were associated with six themes: 1) knowledge of the disease; 2) self-care practices; 3) identity construction; 4) significance of the disease; 5) family support; and 6) gender as a transversal category. Social stigma that is associated with diabetes and its management leading to self-management barriers, the abandonment of treatment and hiding the disease make adolescents with diabetes to be a hidden population. Identity construction is strongly affected by the disease; indeed, diabetes implied a reconstruction of male identity, while for females the disease was associated with overweight that affects their self-esteem. All of the adolescents lived in a constant dichotomy between present and future, with the fear of dying or getting worse. The absence of intergenerational communication and family support within the adolescents’ families limited adolescent care practices, exacerbating their emotional distress and living the disease with the feeling of loneliness. Conclusions: Our study showed that adolescents affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus, did not experience nor they did face the disease homogeneously but accordingly to the gender and level of family support, which, therefore, should be specifically considered by care programs and health professionals to encourage adherence to treatment, taking into account the emotional well-being and psychological needs of adolescents. Affiliations:
Towards a general theory for nonlinear locally stationary processes

In this paper some general theory is presented for locally stationary processes based on the stationary approximation and the stationary derivative. Laws of large numbers, central limit theorems as well as deterministic and stochastic bias expansions are proved for processes obeying an expansion in terms of the stationary approximation and derivative. In addition it is shown that this applies to some general nonlinear non-stationary Markov-models. In addition the results are applied to derive the asymptotic properties of maximum likelihood estimates of parameter curves in such models.
Coaching elite athletes: How coaches stimulate elite athletes' reflection

This article investigates the coaching behaviour of five Norwegian national elite team coaches in cross-country skiing. It identifies how they acted as ‘sensegivers’ towards the athletes. An important part of this is how coaches, assisted by support personnel, stimulated athletes' reflections in ways that improved the quality of everyday training. It draws upon social and relational aspects of learning within an organizational setting. The theory of mindful organizations, with its emphasis on sensemaking and sensegiving, is introduced to capture how coaches and support personnel can influence athletes' reflections. The article makes both an empirical and theoretical contribution. First, it directs attention to sensegiving as an important element of coaching behaviour. Second, it identifies key mechanisms of sensegiving not previously discussed in the literature.
A Two-Stage Fourth-Order Gas-Kinetic Scheme for Compressible Multicomponent Flows

With the use of temporal derivative of flux function, a two-stage temporal discretization has been recently proposed in the design of fourth-order schemes based on the generalized Riemann problem (GRP) [21] and gas-kinetic scheme (GKS) [28]. In this paper, the fourth-order gas-kinetic scheme will be extended to solve the compressible multicomponent flow equations, where the two-stage temporal discretization and fifth-order WENO reconstruction will be used in the construction of the scheme. Based on the simplified two-species BGK model [41], the coupled Euler equations for individual species will be solved. Each component has its individual gas distribution function and the equilibrium states for each component are coupled by the physical requirements of total momentum and energy conservation in particle collisions. The second-order flux function is used to achieve the fourth-order temporal accuracy, and the robustness is as good as the second-order schemes. At the same time, the source terms, such as the gravitational force and the chemical reaction, will be explicitly included in the two-stage temporal discretization through their temporal derivatives. Many numerical tests from the shock-bubble interaction to ZND detonative waves are presented to validate the current approach.
Social determinants of vulnerability to ill-health : Evidences from Mendi Town , Western Ethiopia

Introduction: The premise of this study is that disparity in individuals’ degree of susceptibility to physical and mental ill-health is determined by the amount of structurally (socially) distributed resources (‘capitals’). Based on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of capitals, the study identified and employed economic, social and cultural capitals acting as structurally distributed resources that determine the health outcomes of people in Ethiopia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional survey design to collect quantitative data from 276 randomly selected respondents in Mendi Town, Western Ethiopia to ascertain the role of capitals in determining individuals’ level of vulnerability to physical and mental ill-health. Moreover, qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews have been used to deeply understand the pathways in which ‘capitals’ affect health outcomes. Results: Our study revealed that inequality in the level of vulnerability to ill-health among individuals across different social-strata is based on unequal distribution of capitals. The study found that the poorest individuals, women, elderly, widowed, divorced, and individuals with poor education are the most vulnerable groups to ill-health in the study area. These groups are deprived of adequate economic, social, and cultural capitals that would enable them to avoid ill-health. Majority of the study population are highly vulnerable to ill-health and they are found to have poor health status due to deprivation of capitals. Nevertheless, only little targeted interventions have been made to increase the levels of capitals available for people and to enhance their health status. Conclusion: This study is aligned with an economic perspective of the social determinants of health; it showed that social factors are fundamental agents for protecting individuals from ill-health or to make them vulnerable. The authors recommend public health interventions that consider the social context of individuals in order to reduce vulnerability to ill-health and improve their health status. Amanti Baru1, Padmanabhan Murugan2
Person Perception in Young Children Across Two Cultures

To adult humans, the task of forming an impression of another social being seems effortless and even obligatory. In 2 experiments, we offer the first systematic cross-cultural examination of impression formation in European American and East Asian preschool children. Children across both cultures easily inferred basic personality traits, such as nice and mean, about unfamiliar peers from behavioral information, whether or not they were specifically prompted to do so. Children were able to identify peers they had seen before, to remember the traits associated with these peers, and to anticipate future behaviors consistent with the traits they had attributed. Thus, for basic traits, the ability to make behavior-to-behavior predictions, via an intervening trait inference, is present in young children across diverse cultures.
Effects on Electronic Properties of Molecule Adsorption on CuO Surfaces and Nanowires

First-principles calculations were performed to study the stabilities, electronic structures, and chemical activities of various CuO surfaces for the understanding of the gas-induced change of conductance of CuO nanowires. It was found that CuO(111) and CuO(111) have the lowest surface energies under ambient conditions and hence should be the most preferential facets of CuO nanowires. While band gaps of these surfaces are narrower than that of bulk CuO, they maintain the semiconductor feature. Adsorption of oxidizing gas such as O2 or NO2 on the CuO(111) and CuO(111) surfaces induces metallic behavior, and molecules gain electrons from the substrates. These two effects result in an increase of hole density and hence enhance the surface conductivity of CuO nanowires as observed in our experiments. On the contrary, adsorption of H2O molecules on CuO(111) not only widens the band gap but also donates electrons to the surface, which leads to reduction of surface conductivity. In addition, we found that CuO(.