Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Catalog of Rules, Variables, and Definitions Applied to Accelerometer Data in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2006

Introduction The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) included accelerometry in the 2003–2006 data collection cycles. Researchers have used these data since their release in 2007, but the data have not been consistently treated, examined, or reported. The objective of this study was to aggregate data from studies using NHANES accelerometry data and to catalogue study decision rules, derived variables, and cut point definitions to facilitate a more uniform approach to these data. Methods We conducted a PubMed search of English-language articles published (or indicated as forthcoming) from January 2007 through December 2011. Our initial search yielded 74 articles, plus 1 article that was not indexed in PubMed. After excluding 21 articles, we extracted and tabulated details on 54 studies to permit comparison among studies. Results The 54 articles represented various descriptive, methodological, and inferential analyses. Although some decision rules for treating data (eg, criteria for minimal wear-time) were consistently applied, cut point definitions used for accelerometer-derived variables (eg, time spent in various intensities of physical activity) were especially diverse. Conclusion Unique research questions may require equally unique analytical approaches; some inconsistency in approaches must be tolerated if scientific discovery is to be encouraged. This catalog provides a starting point for researchers to consider relevant and/or comparable accelerometer decision rules, derived variables, and cut point definitions for their own research questions.
Detecting Hacked Twitter Accounts based on Behavioural Change

Social media accounts are valuable for hackers for spreading phishing links, malware and spam. Furthermore, some people deliberately hack an acquaintance to damage his or her image. This paper describes a classification for detecting hacked Twitter accounts. The model is mainly based on features associated with behavioural change such as changes in language, source, URLs, retweets, frequency and time. We experiment with a Twitter data set containing tweets of more than 100 Dutch users including 37 who were hacked. The model detects 99% of the malicious tweets which proves that behavioural changes can reveal a hack and that anomaly-based features perform better than regular features. Our approach can be used by social media systems such as Twitter to automatically detect a hack of an account only a short time after the fact allowing the legitimate owner of the account to be warned or protected, preventing reputational damage and annoyance.
A new species and a new record of Diatrypaceae from Panama

Based on opportunistic collections of fungi in Panama, two species of Diatrypaceae (Xylariales) are described and illustrated. One of them, Eutypella semicircularis, found twice on branches probably belonging to Alnus acuminata, is new to science. It differs from known species of Eutypella and Peroneutypa with strongly allantoid or semicircular ascospores, such as E. crustata and P. curvispora, in having larger ascospores that sometimes almost form a circle and broader stromata, among other differences. Molecular data of the ITS rDNA region show that the new species is a sister taxon of Eutypella cerviculata, the type species of the genus Eutypella. Diatrype bermudensis on stems of Guadua angustifolia is reported from Panama for the first time, being known up to now apparently only from Bermuda.
Conceptualizing Chronic Non-Income Poverty . Advantages and Limitations

An increasing interest in poverty dynamics has lately also led to an extensive literature on the analysis of chronic poverty. Based on Amartya Sen’s groundbreaking work on capabilities and functionings static poverty measures have long used non-income indicators. In contrast, measures of poverty dynamics including chronic poverty – have in general conceptualised poverty only in an income dimension. Hence, this paper first critically discusses the conceptual and empirical potentials and limitations of analysing chronic poverty from a nonincome perspective. Second, it proposes methods to empirically measure chronic nonincome poverty, with an exploratory application to panel data from Vietnam from 1992 and 1997, which demonstrates that a range of useful insights can be generated from such an analysis. In particular, we find that the correlation between chronic income and non-income poverty is rather low which is mostly due to a low correlation between income and nonincome poverty in each period, while both move relatively closely over time. We also find a surprising amount of heterogeneity in static and dynamic non-income poverty within households.
Inhibitory Effect on the Lipolysis-stimulated Receptor of the 39-kDa Receptor-associated Protein (*)

Adenovirus vector-mediated transfer of the receptor-associated protein (RAP) gene into low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient mice was shown to achieve plasma concentrations ranging between 20 and 200 μg/ml and to result in the accumulation of remnant lipoproteins (Willnow, T. E., Sheng, Z., Ishibashi, S., and Herz, J.(1994) Science 264, 1471-1474). Both this finding and the observation that in addition to various other members of the LDL receptor gene family, RAP binds to a yet unidentified protein of apparent molecular mass of 105 kDa prompted us to examine the effect of high concentrations of RAP on the lipolysis-stimulated receptor (LSR). LSR is a receptor distinct from the LDL receptor and the LDL receptor-related protein and is capable of binding apoB and apoE when activated by free fatty acids. Data reported here show that in fibroblasts isolated from a subject homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia, RAP fusion protein inhibited LSR-mediated binding of I-LDL and the subsequent internalization and degradation of the particles. Studies on the interaction of RAP with LSR in isolated rat liver membranes revealed that at concentrations ≥10 μg/ml, RAP inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the binding of LDL to LSR; half-maximum inhibition was obtained with 20 μg/ml RAP. Ligand blotting studies revealed that RAP bound directly to two rat liver membrane proteins of apparent molecular masses identical to those that bind I-LDL after preincubation with oleate. However, unlike LDL, binding of I-RAP to LSR did not require preincubation with oleate. Preincubation of nitrocellulose membranes with an excess of unlabeled RAP fusion protein decreased oleate-induced binding of I-LDL to LSR candidate proteins, whereas preincubation with excess unlabeled LDL was unable to prevent the subsequent binding of I-RAP to the LSR proteins. Both the latter data and analysis of the mechanism of inhibition were consistent with the RAP inhibitory effect on LSR being achieved by interference with a site distinct from the oleate-induced LDL binding site. In conclusion, this study shows that at concentrations reported to delay chylomicron remnant removal in LDL receptor-deficient mice, RAP exerted a significant inhibitory effect on LSR.
Impact Evaluation of a Pilot Web-Based Intervention to Increase Physical Activity

Purpose. The purpose of this pilot study was to conduct an impact evaluation of a 10-week Web-based physical activity intervention. Design. Quasi-experimental, three-group pretest, posttest design. Setting. Large Midwestern university. Subjects. Participants (N = 233) included college students registered for three courses. The study employed a convenience sample consisting of a Web-based group (n = 108), a physical activity group (n = 64), and a general health group (n = 61). Intervention. The Web-based group received a Social Cognitive Theory behavioral skill-building intervention and exercised 3 days per week in their leisure time. The physical activity group received exercise instruction and was required to attend three physical activity labs per week. The comparison group received health instruction. Measures. Outcome variables included moderate and vigorous physical activity, self-regulation, social support, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations and expectancies. Analysis. Differences between groups were assessed at pretest and posttest using multiple analyses of variance. Results. Vigorous physical activity, self-regulation, and outcome expectancy value changed significantly in the Web-based and physical activity course groups (p < .01). Conclusions. Even with consideration of limitations such as small sample size and lack of randomization, the Web-based and traditional physical activity lecture and activity lab interventions were superior in eliciting changes in vigorous physical activity, self-regulation, and outcome expectancy value than a traditional health course. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[4]:227–230.)
Effect of age and housing location on antibiotic resistance of fecal coliforms from pigs in a non-antibiotic-exposed herd

The relationship of age and housing location to single antibiotic resistance, multiple antibiotic resistance, and resistance patterns of fecal coliforms obtained during a 20-month period from pigs in a herd that was not exposed to antibiotics for 126 months was determined. Bacteria resistant to single and multiple antibiotics were isolated more frequently (P less than 0.01) from pigs under 7 months of age. A greater proportion of isolates from pigs over 6 months of age was sensitive to the 13 antimicrobial agents tested (P less than 0.01), while a smaller proportion showed resistance to single (P less than 0.05) and multiple (P less than 0.01) antibiotics. More than 80% of the resistant isolates were resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, or sulfisoxazole. Resistance was greater (P less than 0.01) for pigs in the finishing unit than for those on pasture. Resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, and tetracycline was greater (P less than 0.05) for pigs in the finishing unit than for those in the farrowing house. More isolates from pigs on pasture were sensitive to all antimicrobial agents tested (P less than 0.01). A greater proportion of isolates from pigs in the finishing unit showed resistance to a single antibiotic (P less than 0.01). The data from this study suggest that exposure to antibiotics is not the only factor that influences the prevalence of bacteria that are resistant to single and multiple antibiotics in the feces of domestic animals and that considerable research is needed to define the factors influencing antibiotic resistance in fecal bacteria.
Breast self-examination beliefs and practices, ethnicity, and health literacy: Implications for health education to reduce disparities

Objective: This study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively examine breast cancer screening practices, including breast self-examination (BSE), and health literacy among patients with chronic disease. Design: A prospective, multi-method study conducted with a targeted purposive sample of 297 patients with diabetes and/or hypertension from four ethnic groups (Latino, Vietnamese, African American, White-American) at an urban community health center. Setting: A federally qualified health center in Western Massachusetts. Methods: In our four-year study, 297 participants completed cancer knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and screening utilization scales and measures of health literacy. In addition to survey data collection, we conducted in-depth interviews, focus groups, home visits, and chronic disease diaries (n = 71). Results: In focus groups, African American, Vietnamese and Latina participants offered interviewers an unprompted demonstration of BSE, reported regular BSE use at particular times of the month, and shared positive feelings about the screening method. In a sample where approximately 93% of women have had a mammogram, many also had performed BSE (85.2%). Women with adequate health literacy were more likely than those with inadequate health literacy to rely on it. Despite being positively inclined toward BSE, Vietnamese women, who had the lowest health literacy scores in our sample, were less likely to perform BSE regularly. Conclusions: BSE seemed to be an appealing self-care practice for many women in our study, but we conclude that proper BSE practices may not be reinforced equally across ethnic groups and among patients with low health literacy.
Choosing the Most Suitable MEMS Accelerometer for Your Application — Part 2 By

doing so, will miss critical acceleration data due to the reduced effective sampling rate. In order to measure the range of real-time human motion, power consumption has to be increased significantly. The ADXL362 and ADXL363 do not alias input signals by undersampling; they sample the full bandwidth of the sensor at all data rates. Power consumption scales dynamically with sample rate, as shown in Figure 1. Of note is the fact that these parts can sample up to 400 Hz with current consumption at only 3 μA. These higher data rates enable extra functionality in wearable device interfaces such as tap/double tap detection. The sampling rate can be reduced to 6 Hz to allow a device to start when picked up or when motion is detected, giving an average current consumption of 270 nA. This also makes the ADXL362 and ADXL363 attractive for implantable applications where batteries can’t be replaced easily.
Bilateral Sudden Profound Hearing Loss and Vertigo as a Unique Manifestation of Bilateral Symmetric Inferior Pontine Infarctions

Objectives: We present a case of sudden bilateral profound deafness and vertigo, without any accompanying neurologic signs, secondary to bilateral infarctions of the cochlear and vestibular nuclei. Methods: Vertigo, vomiting, tinnitus, and bilateral profound deafness suddenly developed in a 65-year-old woman without any accompanying neurologic signs. In particular, she did not present dysarthria, numbness, cranial nerve palsies, or visual or cerebellar signs. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed 2 fresh infarctions of 8 to 10 mm symmetrically localized in the posterolateral bulbopontine junction. Angiography revealed a complete occlusion of the basilar artery, with a well-represented backward flow of its distal portion from the carotid artery via posterior communicating arteries. Excluding a transient ischemic attack that occurred 16 days after the acute episode, the patient had had no other neurologic events at 8 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Acute vertigo and sudden deafness in a patient with known cerebrovascular occlusive disease may represent the warning signs of an impending brain stem or cerebellar infarction, even when other neurologic signs are absent. These events are fortunately very rare, but should be considered by clinicians who see patients with vertigo.
Start hard, finish better: further evidence for the reversal of the RAE advantage

ABSTRACT The relative age effect (RAE) has been highlighted extensively within literature as influencing selection and identification within sports. However, this initial bias appears to not be systemic in some talent development systems. Accordingly, we report an investigation into the initial identification, selection and conversion of academy players from professional Rugby Union and Cricket at national level. Reflecting previous studies, data again demonstrated a reversal of RAE advantage whereby relatively young players from both sports were less likely to be selected into their respective national academy systems but were more likely to transition into senior national squads. On the basis of our observations, we further propose a psychological explanation for the mechanism of such a reversal, based on the influence of additional challenge experienced throughout the development journey. As such, we also highlight the need for further qualitative investigation to explore this phenomenon in greater depth.
Calibration of the ocean color and temperature scanner

Calibration results of the ocean color and temperature scanner (OCTS) on board the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS) are presented. The authors have evaluated the OCTS responses to internal calibration sources (i.e., lamps, electric voltages, and sunlight), natural targets (i.e., night data and uniform targets in the daytime), external calibration source (i.e., underflight of a calibrated airborne sensor), and a theoretical calibration source modeled for the atmospheric radiation. The authors then compared the acceptability of these calibration sources.
Application of an idealized model to morphometry of the mammalian tracheobronchial tree

Quantitative anatomical descriptions (morphometry) of the tracheobronchial airways are of importance in many applications including the preparation of successful mathematical models describing airflow patterns and deposition patterns of airborne particles in the lung. Morphometric data are also useful in studies of comparative anatomy and in describing normal and diseased states of an organ. The collection of such data is aided by the use of idealized models of airway branches of the tracheobronchial airways. Morphometric measurements from the lungs of several mammalian species are presented using a model that consists of three connected tubular segments. The morphometric model uniquely defines an identification number for each branch segment, a branching angle, an airway segment length and diameter, an inclination of a segment to gravity and the degree of alveolarization of each segment. Designed to be compatible with computerized data handling, the model is unambiguous and realistic, but flexible so that anomalous anatomical structures can be classified and noted. Morphometric data describing the variation of structure with depth in the tracheobronchial airways are presented in the form of graphical representations of anatomical measurements on replica casts of the human, dog, rat and hamster airways. These distributions describe the anatomical character of the tracheobronchial airways concisely, quantitatively, and characteristically for each species.
Mass spectrometric characterization and physiological actions of GAHKNYLRFamide, a novel FMRFamide‐like peptide from crabs of the genus Cancer

The stomatogastric ganglion (STG) and the cardiac ganglion (CG) of decapod crustaceans are modulated by neuroactive substances released locally and by circulating hormones released from neuroendocrine structures including the pericardial organs (POs). Using nanoscale liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry and direct tissue matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry we have identified and sequenced a novel neuropeptide, GAHKNYLRFamide (previously misassigned as KHKNYLRFamide in a study that did not employ peptide derivatization), from the POs and/or the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of the crabs, Cancer borealis, Cancer productus and Cancer magister. In C. borealis, exogenous application of GAHKNYLRFamide increased the burst frequency and number of spikes per burst of the isolated CG and re‐initiated bursting activity in non‐bursting ganglia, effects also elicited by the FMRFamide‐like peptides (FLPs) SDRNFLRFamide and TNRNFLRFamide. In the intact STNS (which contains the STG), exogenous application of GAHKNYLRFamide increased the frequency of the pyloric rhythm and activated the gastric mill rhythm, effects also similar to those elicited by SDRNFLRFamide and TNRNFLRFamide. FLP‐like immunoreactivity in the POs and the STNS was abolished by pre‐adsorption with the synthetic GAHKNYLRFamide. Different members of the FLP family exhibited differential degradation in the presence of extracellular peptidases. Taken collectively, the amino acid sequence of GAHKNYLRFamide, the blocking of FLP‐like immunostaining, and its physiological effects on the CG and STNS suggest that this peptide is a novel member of the FLP superfamily.
Molecular weight determination of Fasciola antigens specific for diagnosis of acute fascioliasis.

Acute human fascioliasis depends in its diagnosis on detecting specific antibodies in the sera of patients. It was observed that both somatic fraction I and crude E/S products of adult Fasciola gigantica worm gave sensitive and specific results. Using IgM ELISA, the cut off O.D was 0.6 and 0.3 nm. and the accuracy was 93% and 98% for the two antigens respectively. Determination of the molecular weight of these two antigens was undertaken by SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of the somatic fraction I ranged from 17.5 to 43.9 kd, that of the crude E/S products ranged from 12.5 to 14.7 kd. These results were compored with those of previous works performed on antigens of F. hepatica.
The effect of emulsification of a milk-substitute diet by mechanical homogenization and by the addition of soya-bean lecithin on plasma lipid and vitamin A levels and on the growth rate of the newborn calf

Although experiments on the effect of inclusion of vegetable or animal fats in synthetic milks (Wiese, Johnson, Mitchell & Nevens, 1947 ; Lofgreen, 1950 ; Kastelic, Bentley & Phillips, 1950) or in milk substitutes based on dried skim-milk powder (Gullickson, Fountaine & Fitch, 1942) have been made over a number of years, it is only comparatively recently that milk substitutes consisting basically of skim milk and added fat have been used commercially. This development has come from an increasing interest in veal production which, especially on the continent of Europe, takes the form of intensive production that requires a specialized diet of high energy content, which at the moment can most economically be achieved by utilizing fats other than butterfat. However, the type of added fat and also the method by which it is incorporated into the skim milk is of great importance owing to the sensitivity of the calf to dietary changes, particularly during the 1st month of life. Gullickson et al. (1942) obtained very poor results with homogenized-milk diets containing 3'5% of either cottonseed, soya-bean or maize oil, but the animal fats, lard and tallow, gave moderately good results and coconut oil gave an intermediate response. These workers reported loss of hair, first from the face, ears and neck and later from the cannons of the rear legs, of calves given the maize, cottonseed or soyabean oil. Bate, Espe & Cannon (1946), however, associated similar hair losses with unhomogenized diets, whereas de Man (195 I) found that diets containing unhydrogenated soya-bean oil caused hair loss and development of eczema due to excretion of oil through the skin, whereas hydrogenated soya-bean oil had much less effect. Even when homogenized, unhydrogenated soya-bean oil has been found to cause a poor rate of growth, rough hair coats and a high incidence of scouring and mortality (Jacobson & Cannon, 1947; Wiese et al. 1947; Jacobson, Cannon & Thomas, 1949; Murley, Jacobson, Wise & Allen, 1949; Barker, Wise & Jacobson, 1952; Adams, Gullickson, Gander & Sautter, 1959), but diets containing hydrogenated soya-bean oil have given results nearly as good as those containing butter oil (Murley et al.