Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Species Identification Based on trnH-psbA and ITS 2 Genes and Analysis of Mineral Nutrients of Selected Medicinal Plants from Malaysia

Accurate plant identification and screening of the elements in medicinal plants have become increasingly important. Some elements can become toxic when existing at high concentrations. The present study presents a molecular identification method to discriminate plant species and assess the mineral nutrients in four selected medicinal plants widely used in traditional healing practices in Malaysia. Medicinal plants were sampled from a secondary forest in Northern Peninsular of Malaysia. Species discrimination was conducted using phylogenetic inference and BLAST method on two target genes, trnH-psbA and ITS2 while the concentration levels of the mineral in terms of macro and micro nutrients (Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu ) were determined using ICP-OES spectroscopy in the leaf samples. The present study revealed that the DNA identification method has successfully discriminated all samples to species level and that the trnH-psbA is the best marker for identification. The concentration levels of mineral nutrients ranged from 0.01 to 5.76 mg/kg. within the safety range as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results of the present study provide important data on the DNA barcoding of medicinal plants and assessment of mineral nutrients, which can be useful for providing scientific information on dietary supplements based on authentic medicinal plants and products.
A sorting hat that fails? The transition from primary to secondary school in Germany

Germany ranks lowest regarding educational equalities among OECD countries, as the recently published PISA ‘Programme of International Student Assessment’ data revealed (ref. PISA 2000). This might be due to the remarkable German transition process from primary to secondary school where children are selected into diversely prestigious school environments at an early stage of their intellectual development. This paper aims at examining whether sorting of children is leading to educational inequalities. Based on the two different surveys of learning achievement TIMSS (‘Third International Math and Science Study’) and PISA 2000 we find consistently that although ability is a main criterion of the sorting process, pupils' socio-economic background, their gender and the region they live in also exert a significant influence on the selection results. Since sorting is difficult to correct and school choice determines career options, these educational inequalities in secondary schooling very probably have an impact on pupils’ life even long after they have finished school.
Bovine "Enterotoxemia". II. Experimental Reproduction of the Disease.

"CLOSTRIDLUM PERFRINGENS ENTEROTOXEMIA" receives wide acceptance when it refers to a disease condition in the ovine caused by the toxin of Cl. perfringens type D. It is perhaps presumptuous for some veterinary practitioners to have attributed sudden deaths in the bovine to the same etiological agent mainly because the latter species exhibited a somewhat similar clinical history and post-mortem picture to that seen in sheep known to have died of enterotoxemia. This attitude on the part of veterinary practitioners and failure in previous studies (15) to isolate Cl. perfringens types other than A from clinically suspected cases of bovine enterotoxemia prompted an attempt to experimentally reproduce this condition in the bovine. Considerable research has already been done on enterotoxemia in sheep. Bullen and co-workers (4,3) experimentally reproduced it in over-fed sheep, by dripping type D organisms into the duodenum. The fate of such organisms when introduced into the rumen was also studied (5). Jansen (12) administered single doses of type D cultures mixed with dextrin by the intraduodenal route and was able to reproduce enterotoxemia. Griner (9) and Griner and Carlson (11) studied the effects of type D toxin on the brains of sheep and mice. Gordon et al. (8) injected culture filtrates of types A, C, and D into sheep by the intravenous route and observed the resultant pathology. The neurotoxic, and circulatory effects as well as the pharmacologic aspects of types D, B and C toxins injected intravenously into lambs, rabbits and cats were studied by Kellaway et al. (14, 13). Apparently the only reports on experimental reproduction of enterotoxemia in domestic animals other than sheep are those of Field and Goodwin (7) who used Cl. perfringens type C in piglets, and Griner and Bracken (10) who reproduced acute hemorrhagic enteritis in suckling calves with type C organisms.
Femoral Radiographic Landmarks for Popliteus Tendon Reconstruction and Repair

Background: Although the popliteus muscle-tendon complex is one of the most important structures in controlling posterolateral rotatory stability of the knee, not much literature has been reported concerning the use of femoral radiographic landmarks of the popliteus tendon in repair and reconstruction. Hypothesis: By using standardized radiographic techniques, the femoral insertion of the popliteus tendon could be more precisely determined by the Blumensaat line than by the extension line of the posterior cortex. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Ten fresh-frozen human knees were dissected, and the popliteus tendon was exposed. After identification of the femoral insertion site of the popliteus tendon, the insertion’s center was indicated with a radiographic marker. True lateral radiographs of the distal femur were taken, and the digital radiographic images were analyzed by 2 independent observers. Results: The femoral insertion site of the popliteus tendon was found to be a mean 47.5% ± 5.2% across the width of the femoral condyle, 60.7% ± 7.8% along the perpendicular bisector of the Blumensaat line, 0.3 ± 1.7 mm posterior to the extension line of the posterior femoral cortex, and 20.5 ± 3.8 mm distal to the perpendicular line at the Blumensaat point. The variance from the mean point by using the Blumensaat line as a reference was significantly smaller than by using the extension line of the posterior cortex (mean, 2.6 vs 3.6 mm; P = .044). Conclusion: A reproducible anatomic and radiographic reference point for the femoral insertion of the popliteus tendon can be determined using standardized radiographic techniques and can be more precisely determined by the Blumensaat line compared with the extension line of the posterior femoral cortex. Clinical Relevance: This radiographic information provides an adjunctive tool for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative assessments of surgical repair and reconstruction of the popliteus tendon.
Frontolimbic responses to emotional face memory: The neural correlates of first impressions

First impressions, especially of emotional faces, may critically impact later evaluation of social interactions. Activity in limbic regions, including the amygdala and ventral striatum, has previously been shown to correlate with identification of emotional content in faces; however, little work has been done describing how these signals may influence emotional face memory. We report an event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging study in 21 healthy adults where subjects attempted to recognize a neutral face that was previously viewed with a threatening (angry or fearful) or nonthreatening (happy or sad) affect. In a hypothesis‐driven region of interest analysis, we found that neutral faces previously presented with a threatening affect recruited the left amygdala. In contrast, faces previously presented with a nonthreatening affect activated the left ventral striatum. A whole‐brain analysis revealed increased response in the right orbitofrontal cortex to faces previously seen with threatening affect. These effects of prior emotion were independent of task performance, with differences being seen in the amygdala and ventral striatum even if only incorrect trials were considered. The results indicate that a network of frontolimbic regions may provide emotional bias signals during facial recognition. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ambulatory Monitoring of Disordered Voices

Objectives: Recently developed systems for ambulatory monitoring of voice use employ miniature accelerometers placed at the base of the anterior neck to sense phonation. As it is hoped that such systems will help improve the clinical assessment and management of voice disorders, this study was undertaken to determine the impact of dysphonia severity on the accuracy of accelerometer-based estimates of vocal function. Methods: Simultaneous recordings were made of oral acoustic (microphone) and neck skin acceleration signals for 6 normal speakers and 18 patients with voice disorders (mild to severe dysphonia) as they performed several speech tasks. Measures of phonation time, fundamental frequency, and sound pressure level were extracted from the Two types of signals and compared. Results: It was generally demonstrated that accelerometer-based measures closely approximated corresponding measurements obtained from a microphone signal across all levels of dysphonia severity. Furthermore, there was evidence that in some cases the accelerometer may actually represent a more robust approach for estimating phonation parameters in disordered voices. Conclusions: The results generally support the recent application of accelerometers as phonation sensors in ambulatory voice monitoring systems that can be used in the clinical assessment and management of voice disorders.
Molecular analysis of the cercosporin biosynthetic gene cluster in Cercospora nicotianae

We describe a core gene cluster, comprised of eight genes (designated CTB1–8), and associated with cercosporin toxin production in Cercospora nicotianae. Sequence analysis identified 10 putative open reading frames (ORFs) flanking the previously characterized CTB1 and CTB3 genes that encode, respectively, the polyketide synthase and a dual methyltransferase/monooxygenase required for cercosporin production. Expression of eight of the genes was co‐ordinately induced under cercosporin‐producing conditions and was regulated by the Zn(II)Cys6 transcriptional activator, CTB8. Expression of the genes, affected by nitrogen and carbon sources and pH, was also controlled by another transcription activator, CRG1, previously shown to regulate cercosporin production and resistance. Disruption of the CTB2 gene encoding a methyltransferase or the CTB8 gene yielded mutants that were completely defective in cercosporin production and inhibitory expression of the other CTB cluster genes. Similar ‘feedback’ transcriptional inhibition was observed when the CTB1, or CTB3 but not CTB4 gene was inactivated. Expression of four ORFs located on the two distal ends of the cluster did not correlate with cercosporin biosynthesis and did not show regulation by CTB8, suggesting that the biosynthetic cluster was limited to CTB1–8. A biosynthetic pathway and a regulatory network leading to cercosporin formation are proposed.
Escape from X inactivation

Although the process of X inactivation in mammalian cells silences the majority of genes on the inactivated X chromosome, some genes escape this chromosome-wide silencing. Genes that escape X inactivation present a unique opportunity to study the process of silencing and the mechanisms that protect some genes from being turned off. In this review, we will discuss evolutionary aspects of escape from X inactivation, in relation to the divergence of the sex chromosomes. Molecular characteristics, expression, and epigenetic modifications of genes that escape will be presented, including their developmental regulation and the implications of chromatin domains along the X chromosome in modeling the escape process.
The Probability Distribution of Spectral Moments for the Gaussian beta-Ensembles

We derive the joint probability distribution of the first two spectral moments for the G$\beta$E random matrix ensembles in N dimensions for any N. This is achieved by making use of two complementary invariants of the domain in $\mathbb{R}^N$ where the spectral moments are defined. Our approach is significantly different from those employed previously to answer related questions and potentially offers new insights. We also discuss the problems faced when attempting to include higher spectral moments.
Gingival granular cell tumors of the newborn (congenital “epulis”): A clinical and pathologic study of 21 patients

The clinical and pathologic features of 24 gingival granular cell tumors in newborns are reviewed. These tumors occurred exclusively in females and were localized on the anterior alveolar ridge (maxilla: 15; mandible: 9); the gingiva overlying future canine and lateral incisor teeth was most frequently involved. Follow-up data for 15 patients (average duration 15 years) indicated a lack of tumor recurrence despite incomplete resection in 11 instances. Tumors resected early in the newborn period were larger (maximum diameter 2.0 cm) and showed confluent to nodular submucosal growth with relatively less collagen. Some showed features suggesting involution. The histology in most cases supported a mesenchymal origin rather than one from odontogenic epithelium. Immunohistochemical staining for selected oncofetal and other antigens was negative. Electron microscopy did not entirely resolve the controversy regarding histogenesis.
A Note on a Question of Erdős and Graham

We give a quantitative proof that, for sufficiently large $N$, every subset of $[N]^2$ of size at least $\delta N^2$ contains a square, i.e., four points with coordinates $\{(a,b),(a+d,b),(a,b+d),(a+d,b+d)\}$.
THE SPLASH SURVEY: SPECTROSCOPY OF 15 M31 DWARF SPHEROIDAL SATELLITE GALAXIES

We present a resolved star spectroscopic survey of 15 dwarf spheroidal (dSph) satellites of the Andromeda galaxy (M31). We filter foreground contamination from Milky Way (MW) stars, noting that MW substructure is evident in this contaminant sample. We also filter M31 halo field giant stars and identify the remainder as probable dSph members. We then use these members to determine the kinematical properties of the dSphs. For the first time, we confirm that And XVIII, XXI, and XXII show kinematics consistent with bound, dark-matter-dominated galaxies. From the velocity dispersions for the full sample of dSphs we determine masses, which we combine with the size and luminosity of the galaxies to produce mass–size–luminosity scaling relations. With these scalings we determine that the M31 dSphs are fully consistent with the MW dSphs, suggesting that the well-studied MW satellite population provides a fair sample for broader conclusions. We also estimate dark matter halo masses of the satellites and find that there is no sign that the luminosity of these galaxies depends on their dark halo mass, a result consistent with what is seen for MW dwarfs. Two of the M31 dSphs (And XV, XVI) have estimated maximum circular velocities smaller than 12 km s−1 (to 1σ), which likely places them within the lowest-mass dark matter halos known to host stars (along with Boötes I of the MW). Finally, we use the systemic velocities of the M31 satellites to estimate the mass of the M31 halo, obtaining a virial mass consistent with previous results.
Part II: The Effects of Aromatherapy and Guided Imagery for the Symptom Management of Anxiety, Pain, and Insomnia in Critically Ill Patients An Integrative Review of Current Literature

This review is part II of a 2-part series that presents evidence on the effectiveness of aromatherapy and guided imagery for the symptom management of anxiety, pain, and insomnia in adult critically ill patients. Evidence from this review supports the use of aromatherapy for management of pain, insomnia, and anxiety in critically ill patients. Evidence also supports the use of guided imagery for managing these symptoms in critical care; however, the evidence is sparse, mixed, and weak. More studies with larger samples and stronger designs are needed to further establish efficacy of guided imagery for the management of anxiety, pain, and insomnia of critically ill patients; to accomplish this, standardized evidence-based intervention protocols to ensure comparability and to establish optimal effectiveness are needed. Discussion and recommendations related to the use of these therapies in practice and needs for future research in these areas were generated.
Exploring the implementation blind spots Selective Decoupling of Freedom of Information

This article explores the usefulness of sentiment analysis and Google trends data for car sales forecasting. Previous research has demonstrated the use of both techniques for sales forecasting, but current literature is more ambiguous in its results for forecasting the sales of high involvement goods like cars. In this study, about 500,000 social media posts for eleven car models on the Dutch market are analyzed using linear regression models. Furthermore, this study compares these outcomes to the predictive power of Google Trends. The results suggest that social media sentiments have little predictive power towards car sales while Google Trends data and social mention volume show significant results and can be incorporated into an effective prediction model. A prediction model with time lags using decision tree regression is built that can be used by the car industry as an addition to traditional forecasting methods.
Electrofishing as a sampling technique for coastal stream fish populations and communities in the Southeast of Brazil.

Electrofishing adequacy was tested as a technique to obtain quantitative data of coastal stream fish populations and communities in the Southeast of Brazil. Seven field trips, between July/94 and July/95, were done in 5 localities of the Ubatiba fluvial system (Maricá, RJ). Seventeen species, among the 22 collected, had their numbers estimated through the Zipping method, the model used to test the sampling methodology. At each field trip, three removals with electrofishing were done in each locality and, according to the number of obtained species at each locality/field trip, we analysed 315 cases. Nineteen cases, among 315, showed failure condition. Estimates were significant (p < 0.01) in 96% of the studied cases. Non-significant cases were obtained for rare species due to over and randomly efficient electrofishing in 63.3% and 36.4% of the cases, respectively. No correlation was found between catchability and the estimated number of individuals and/or environmental characteristics. High values for sampling efficiency (> 85%) were found for all estimates. An experimental analyses were done for one locality and, the comparison between the estimates for 3 and 6 successive removals showed a mean error and a standard deviation of 5.5% and 2.1% respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that electrofishing was an efficient method for quantitative data analysis of fish populations and communities in the Ubatiba fluvial system.
Labriform propulsion in fishes: kinematics of flapping aquatic flight in the bird wrasse Gomphosus varius (Labridae)

Labriform, or pectoral fin, propulsion is the primary swimming mode for many fishes, even at high relative speeds. Although kinematic data are critical for evaluating hydrodynamic models of propulsion, these data are largely lacking for labriform swimmers, especially for species that employ an exclusively labriform mode across a broad range of speeds. We present data on pectoral fin locomotion in Gomphosus varius (Labridae), a tropical coral reef fish that uses a lift-based mechanism to fly under water at sustained speeds of 1­6 total body lengths s-1 (TL s-1). Lateral- and dorsal-view video images of three fish swimming in a flow tank at 1­4 TL s-1 were recorded at 60 Hz. From the two views, we reconstructed the three-dimensional motion of the center of mass, the fin tip and two fin chords for multiple fin beats of each fish at each of four speeds. In G. varius, the fin oscillates largely up and down: the stroke plane is tilted by approximately 20 ° from the vertical. Both frequency and the area swept by the pectoral fins increase with swimming speed. Interestingly, there are individual differences in how this area increases. Relative to the fish, the fin tip in lateral view moves along the path of a thin, inclined figure-of-eight. Relative to a stationary observer, the fin tip traces a sawtooth pattern, but the teeth are recumbent (indicating net backwards movement) only at the slowest speeds. Distal fin chords pitch nose downward during the downstroke and nose upward during the upstroke. Hydrodynamic angles of attack are largely positive during the downstroke and negative during the upstroke. The geometry of the fin and incident flow suggests that the fin is generating lift with large upward and small forward components during the downstroke. The negative incident angles during the upstroke suggest that the fin is generating largely thrust during the upstroke. In general, the large thrust is combined with a downward force during the upstroke, but the net backwards motion of the fin at slow speeds generates a small upward component during slow swimming. Both the alternating sign of the hydrodynamic angle of attack and the observed reduced frequencies suggest that unsteady effects are important in G. varius aquatic flight, especially at low speeds. This study provides a framework for the comparison of aquatic flight by fishes with aerial flight by birds, bats and insects.
Mutations and molecular variants of the NBS1 gene in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma

Non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are characterized by chromosomal translocations that juxtapose loci encoding lymphoid antigen receptors with cellular proto‐oncogenes. These translocations are thought to arise from inaccurate processing of DNA breaks created during physiologic recombination of the antigen receptor genes in lymphocytes. The inherited disorders ataxia‐telangiectasia and Nijmegen breakage syndrome are caused by mutations in the ATM and NBS1 genes, respectively, and are characterized by generalized genomic instability and a high incidence of lymphoid cancers. Lymphoid cells from patients with either disorder frequently have chromosomal translocations involving T‐cell‐receptor or immunoglobulin loci. To investigate the potential role of the NBS1 gene in the pathogenesis of NHL, we screened tumor DNA samples from 91 sporadic cases of NHL and genomic DNA from 154 control individuals for mutations in all 16 exons of the NBS1 gene and in flanking intronic sequences. One NHL case with a truncating mutation in NBS1 and a second NHL case with a putative missense mutation were detected. Neither mutation was observed among controls. Three additional putative missense mutations were observed only in the normal control samples. A panel of six common polymorphisms spanning the NBS1 gene was genotyped and provided no evidence for loss of heterozygosity in the NHL cases with mutations or in the NHL population overall. These results suggest that mutations in NBS1 do not play a major role in the development of NHL in the United States. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.