Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural probabilistic models for melody prediction, sequence labelling and classification

Data-driven sequence models have long played a role in the analysis and generation of musical information. Such models are of interest in computational musicology, computer-aided music composition, and tools for music education among other applications. This dissertation begins with an experiment to model sequences of musical pitch in melodies with a class of purely data-driven predictive models collectively known as Connectionist models. It was demonstrated that a set of six such models could perform on par with, or better than state-of-the-art n-gram models previously evaluated in an identical setting. A new model known as the Recurrent Temporal Discriminative Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RTDRBM), was introduced in the process and found to outperform the rest of the models. A generalisation of this modelling task was also explored, and involved extending the set of musical features used as input by the models while still predicting pitch as before. The improvement in predictive performance which resulted from adding these new input features is encouraging for future work in this direction. Based on the above success of the RTDRBM, its application was extended to a non-musical sequence labelling task, namely Optical Character Recognition. This extension involved a modification to the model’s original prediction algorithm as a result of relaxing an assumption specific to the melody modelling task. The generalised model was evaluated on a benchmark dataset and compared against a set of 8 baseline models where it faired better than all of them. Furthermore, a theoretical extension to an existing model which was also employed in the above pitch prediction task the Discriminative Restricted Boltzmann Machine (DRBM) was proposed. This led to three new variants of the DRBM (which originally contained Logistic Sigmoid hidden layer activations), with Hyperbolic Tangent, Binomial and Rectified Linear hidden layer activations respectively. The first two of these have been evaluated here on the benchmark MNIST dataset and shown to perform on par with the original DRBM.
Load-Balanced Opportunistic Routing for Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks

In duty-cycled wireless sensor networks running asynchronous MAC protocols, the time when a sender waits for its receiver to wake up and receive the packet is the major source of energy consumption. Opportunistic routing can reduce the sender wait time by allowing multiple candidate receivers, but by doing that it suffers from redundant packet forwarding due to multiple receivers waking up at the same time. Thus, the number of forwarders should be controlled in a way that overall forwarding cost is minimized considering both sender wait time and cost of redundant packet forwarding. Also, in order to prolong network lifetime, candidate forwarders should be selected so that load is balanced among nodes. We propose ORR, an opportunistic routing protocol that addresses the two issues. First, the optimal number of forwarders is calculated based on forwarding cost estimation, which is derived from duty cycle and network topology. Second, the metric used for selecting forwarders considers residual energy so that more traffic is guided through nodes with larger remaining energy. The resulting routing protocol is proven to avoid loops and shown to achieve longer network lifetime compared to other protocols regardless of duty cycle and network topology.
Insects Rearing and Irradiation Samples Process : A stock culture of Tribolium castaneum

The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs. eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.
THE ROLE OF OATS , COMMON VETCH AND TANSY PHACELIA AS COVER PLANTS IN THE FORMATION OF MICROORGANISMS COMMUNITIES IN THE SOIL UNDER THE CULTIVATION OF ROOT CHICORY ( Cichorium intybus var . sativum Bisch

The composition of microorganisms in the cultivation environment is extremely important since it affects the healthiness and hence the yielding of plants. The purpose of the present studies was to determine the effect of oats, common vetch and tansy phacelia as intercrop cover plants on the formation of microorganisms communities in the soil under the cultivation of root chicory and salsify. Before winter, cover plants formed an abundant green mass, which constituted the natural mulch on the surface of the land managed in two ways: 1) pre-winter ploughing, or 2) spring ploughing. The control was the conventional cultivation of these vegetables, i.e. without any cover plants. The microbiological analysis of the soil showed that regardless of the species of the studied vegetable, the total population of bacteria and the population of bacteria Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were the highest when the soil was mulched with oats. A little fewer of those microorganisms occurred after using the mulch of common vetch or phacelia. On the other hand, the fewest bacteria were obtained as a result of the traditional cultivation of those vegetables. The total population of fungi in the soil mulched with oats was the lowest, whereas the most of fungi occurred in the control. The cultivation system, i.e. performing the spring or pre-winter ploughing, rather had no significant effect on the population of the studied microorganisms in the soil. Among the studied vegetables, the following were most frequently isolated: Alternaria alternata, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium irregulare, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Gliocladium spp. , Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. Laboratory tests showed that both the cultivation of root chicory and salsify which included cover crops promoted the development of antagonistic bacteria (Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp.) and fungi (GlioCorresponding author: El bieta Patkowska, Department of Phytopathology and Mycology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Leszczy skiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, e-mail: elzbieta.patkowska@up.lublin.pl; Miros aw Konopi ski, Department of Soil Cultivation and Fertilization of Horticultural Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczy skiego 58, 20-068 Lublin, miroslaw.konopinski@up.lublin.pl 180 E. Patkowska, M. Konopi ski _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Acta Sci. Pol. cladium spp., Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp.) better than the traditional cultivation of those vegetables.
3-D Numerical computations of turbulence in a partially vegetated shallow channel

In the present study three dimensional computations, based on the RANS equations and turbulence models of k-ε and RSM type, have been performed for calculating the flow and turbulence characteristics, such as flow velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, shear stresses and eddy viscosity, in a partially vegetated shallow channel for various vegetation heights and densities, based on laboratory experiments. Computed results are compared with available experimental measurements and expressions from a vortex-based model proposed by the same investigators. In addition, the momentum exchange between the vegetation and the free channel in the lateral direction, and the distribution of flow and turbulence characteristics, mainly at the interface region, are studied.
Is there an evident housing bubble in Sweden ?

A discussion has been ongoing for some time on house prices and household indebtedness in Sweden, and whether their current levels are sustainable in the long term. In this article we study this issue for single-family house prices, both in Sweden as a whole and in various municipalities. Our results do not support the notion that Swedish houses are evidently overvalued in the country as a whole, if we assume that their prices are influenced by the relevant economic variables in the same way as in a number of other countries. When we change our perspective and look at how house prices on the municipal level have developed relative to earned income in the same municipalities, we cannot find any strong evidence for abnormal price differences among municipalities. However, the current high valuations of housing is only sustainable in the long term if households’ housing costs remain low in relation to their income. Concern over the current developments on the Swedish housing market is therefore justified.
Scaling properties of laboratory-generated river networks

Selected laboratory experiments were carried out in the Hydraulic Engineering Laboratory at University of Basilicata, to explore scaling properties and self-organization tendencies of river networks. Experiments were made using a 1.5 m by 1.5 m basin-simulator-box with an outlet in the middle of the downslope-end side. The experimental landscape was weakly-cohesive soil mainly made by clay and silt. A system of micro-sprinklers delivered an almost uniform artificial precipitation. Simulations were performed at a constant rainfall intensity of 100 mm/h using different planar slopes. An additional experiment was also made to consider the base-level control. Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the evolving landscape were achieved through detailed soil surveys with a laser distancemeter and/or a laser scanner. The river networks were extracted from the DEMs using the D8 algorithm. Channel networks were ordered using the Horton-Strahler ranking as well as the Shreve topological classification. Hence, scaling laws were analysed to explore whether the generated systems resembled natural river networks. Thus, findings are provided on basin allometry, exceedance probability of basin areas and stream lengths, and slope-area relationship.
Impact of drainage and soil properties on carbon dioxide emissions from intact cores of cultivated peat soils

Drained peatlands contribute to anthropic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), so a better understanding of the underlying processes and identification of mitigation options for agricultural peatlands are urgently required. Peatland soil properties vary greatly and, in combination with drainage, can affect emissions of CO2 both directly and indirectly. Drainage reduces soil water content but increases CO2 production, so it is important to find the optimum drainage level that minimises CO2 emissions without affecting agricultural use. Intact soil cores from nine different sites (topsoil, plus subsoil at four sites) were collected and brought into a controlled laboratory environment. Repeated measurements of CO2 fluxes were performed at increasing soil water suctions corresponding to different drainage levels. Physical and chemical properties of the soils were determined and compared with the CO2 emissions. The soil cores displayed different CO2 emission patterns with increasing soil water suction head. In some cores, emissions increased rapidly to a high level, while in others they remained at lower levels. At a soil water suction head of only 0.5 m of water, the average soil CO2 emissions had already reached a maximum. The soil cores represented peat soils with a wide range of soil properties, e.g. bulk density from 0.17 to 0.47 g cm(-3) and total carbon from 26.3 to 43.5 %, but none of the properties measured was clearly correlated with CO2 emissions.
Prevalence and correlates of subjective traumatic distress among Emergency Department Nurses in Lagos, Nigeria

Background: The manifestations of subjective traumatic distress among emergency nurses in Nigeria have not been extensively studied. Objective: To determine the prevalence and correlates of subjective traumatic distress among emergency department nurses in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: One hundred nurses working at the Emergency Department of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria, were surveyed for the impact of subjective traumatic distress using the Revised Impact of Event Scale. The sociodemographic characteristics and some work-related factors were also determined. Results: Of the 100 participants, 60 (60%) met the criteria for the impact of subjective traumatic distress. The overall mean score of the participants for the IESR was 27.9 ± 6.7 with a range of 0 to 66. The most frequent symptoms of subjective trauma distress sub-scale included avoidance symptoms, (mean: 12.2± 9.1; range 0-28) intrusion symptoms (mean: 7.3 ± 3.8; range 0-20) and hyperarousal symptoms (mean: 5.3 ± 1.6; range 0-17). Female participants had higher exposures in the sub-scales of the IESR scores. The associations between sociodemographic parameters such as age, gender and marital status and the subscales of the IESR were not significant. Conclusion: The study showed that more than half of the participants experienced subjective psychological traumatic distress. There is a need for hospital managers to provide psychological interventions regularly for emergency department nurses to prevent occurrence of psychopathologies such as burnout and posttraumatic stress disorders.
Dilemma in the South China Sea : Conflict Management & the Increasing of China ’ s Power

This article seeks to explain about security dilemma and offense-defense balance in the South China Sea. The rising of China’s power in the South China Sea that facilitate security dilemma makes cooperation between claimant countries becoming more difficult. Regarding this matter, it’s important to explain why cooperation in the area is difficult in the midst of many literatures that advocated cooperation as the tools for conflict management in the South China Sea. This article refers to the concepts of security dilemma and offense-defense balance by Robert Jervis. By employing qualitative research method of literature review, this article illustrates the distribution of power in the region. Through data exploration, this article finds that China’s offensive power in the South China Sea is massive and triggers security dilemma. Thus, this article argues that security dilemma caused by China’s offensive power in South China Sea is the main the reason that inhibiting cooperation between claimant states.
The Role of Retail Environmental Cues in Developing Customer Experience in Retail Stores : A Comparative Study Between Egypt and the United Arab Emirates ( UAE )

Retail stores are increasingly competing on developing customer experience through improving the retail environment. In order to develop emotional bonds with brands, retailers have turned their attention to develop customer experience. Regardless of the importance of the physical environment, very few customer behaviour researches have been performed to test some of the basic relationships between the physical environment and Mehrabian and Russell‟s (1974) environmental psychology model. This research has attempted to enhance existing knowledge in the field of customer experience in retail stores and identify the impact of store atmospherics on consumers‟ emotions and purchasing behaviour. Concern about the retail shopping experience is affected by functional and emotional factors leading to a specific customers‟ approach behaviour. A multiple-item scale has been developed to measure the overall conceptual framework of store at mospherics in retail store settings. The researchers adopted a quantitateve approach using a conclusive research where non-probability sampling was used. The questionnaire was the primary method of collecting data. It included surveying people living in Egypt (Alexandria and Cairo) and in United Arab of Emirates (UAE) (Abu Dhabi and Dubai) about their retail shopping experiences. In total, 408 useable surveys were collected from Egypt and 404 from UAE. Results provide insights to retailers about the effect of functional and emotional factors on consumers‟ feelings of pleasure and arousal, which in turn affect consumers‟ approach behavioural intentions. They indicated that there is a significant impact of customer pleasure and arousal on customer‟s approach behavioural intentions to purchase in retail stores in both Egypt,
DIMENSIONS OF THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF LANDSCAPES — PERSPECTIVES OF NEW

Introduction Landscapes should not only be regarded as physical spaces, as natural scientists usually understand them. In social sciences they are more often understood as social constructions resulting from individual and societal processes. Recent work in human geography and sociology (Jones, 2006; Kaufmann, 2005; Kühne, 2008; Robertson and Richards, 2003) has widened the perspective of landscape research1: while the physical “reality” of landscapes remains an important point of reference, human agency, symbolic representations, normative constructions of spatial images and — more generally — forms of cultural and social practice are acquiring greater importance. The term “social construction of landscape” emphasises not only the relevance of subjective meanings and interpretations (Duncan, 1995), but also the often neglected influence of cultural and institutional factors for any area perceived and designated as a landscape. This paper aims to enrich ongoing DIMENSIONS OF THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF LANDSCAPES — PERSPECTIVES OF NEW INSTITUTIONALISM
Industrial clusters and promotion of CSR : the case of developing countries

The publication of Porter’s book entitled "Competitive Advantage of Nations" allowed clustering to become a worry of all countries and territories. It has proven its efficiency as an effective means of industrial and economic development of nations and a way to improve the competitiveness of firms by allowing them to benefit from positive externalities induced by collective action and geographic proximity both in developed and developing countries. But, beyond its economic benefits that are widely discussed in the theoretical and empirical literature, the question that can be asked about clustering is "To what extent clustering can contribute to the diffusion of CSR in the context of developing countries (DCs)? ". This relatively new question is still underexplored by the researchers. Also, the available studies on the subject brought divergent conclusions on the potential impact of clustering on CSR. In this paper, we show that clustering, through joint action it implies and the support that it enjoys can encourage firms to adopt a positive attitude towards the ecological environment and the society by implementing CSR policies. But this can be achieved only when the State and the private institutions accomplish their role by deterring socially irresponsible behavior and by funding and encouraging CSR actions and initiatives. keywords: Clusters; clustering; Corporate Social Responsibility Clusters industriels et promotion de la RSE : Cas des pays en développement
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCING ACTINOMYCETES AGAINST CERTAIN PATHOGENS

Aim of the present study was isolation and identification of Actinomycetes against certain pathogens. Actinomycetes strains were isolated from cultivated field of Sudhowala, Dehardun and Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi were also isolated from sewage at Dehradun. Both Actinomycetes and pathogens were characterized on the basis of microscopy and various biochemical tests. Further, we evaluated antimicrobial activity of Actinomycetes strains against isolated pathogens. Microscopic examination and biochemical tests confirmed that isolated strains were Actinomycetes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Actinomycetes did not show inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus. But crude extract of Actinomycetes showed 191.66, 181.81 % more inhibition zone as compare to 25% extract concentration against pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella typhi repectively. It confired that Actinimycetes effectively control growth of E. coli and Salmonella typhi.
Making sense of place: exploring creative and (inter)active research methods with young people

This paper explores the added value of the ’new’ creative and (inter)active research methods in geographial research. Using examples from our research project with young people in Cedar (Vancouver Island, Canada) we analyze the contributions and limitations of walks, mental mapping, photography and video when compared to only interviewing. Given our engagement with everyday places and a participatory research approach, we explicitly focus and evaluate the research methods for their qualities in revealing different aspects of place, and for their success in involving young people with various interests and abilities actively in the whole research process. The findings suggest that, in addition to revealing diverse aspects of everyday places and practices on different levels of detail, the ’new’ research methods motivate and enable different individuals to participate and share their experiences. Furthermore, combining the ’new’ methods or combining them with interviews has an added value as such a mix is able to paint a detailed picture of daily places, colored by the way different individuals see, hear, smell, use or experience them.
Climate Change Adaptation and Tourism : Towards Sustainable Tourism development in Kilimanjaro National Park Mountain , Tanzania Happy

Tourism is among the major economic sectors in Tanzania, contributing about 17.5% of the gross domestic product (GDP). However, the sector is facing many challenges including climate change leading to the destruction of tourist attractions. This study clearly identifies the impacts of climate change in KINAPA. Furthermore, the study examines the existing climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in KINAPA. Also the study analyzes the contribution of climate change adaptation on tourism development in KINAPA and last the study examines policy option for tourism development in KINAPA. The study used cross-sectional in design employing interviews, observations and documentary review data collection techniques. The study involved 90 respondents who were randomly selected among the residents of the three villages adjacent to KINAPA. Furthermore, one month and one week used to collect data from three villages adjacent to KINAPA. Results from the study showed that afforestation, eco-tourism, green tourism, provision of Original Research Article Lemweli and Minja; JEMT, 23(1): 1-11, 2019; Article no.JEMT. 47143 2 loans, environmental conservation projects, and environmental education were the major adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate change in KINAPA and adjacent villages. In addition, there was a strong relationship of 4.705 between climate change impacts and available resources in KINAPA. The more the climate change the more the resources available were affected. Based on these findings it is recommended that all stakeholders should work together to address climate change adaptation especially those adaptation strategies, which were reported to be low.