Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of reproductive health and sexual behaviors of university students: Case study from Istanbul

Abstract Background: Young people are affected to a higher extent by early and unprotected sexual relations in Turkey. They do not have healthy sexual attitudes, are ignorant about reproductive health and engage in risky practices and behavior. It is therefore necessary to provide effective and confidential reproductive health services to young people. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the reproductive health behaviors of male and female university students. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted between January and May 2008. The study population was composed of university students from Istanbul University, Florence Nightingale Nursing High School, Faculty of Forestry and Department of Science Teachers’ Training, as well as students residing at the Students Dormitory of the Regional Directory of Forestry. Questionnaires were distributed in envelopes during the breaks in the university buildings, cafeterias and in the dormitories. Completed questionnaires were also collected under cover in envelopes. The data were collected by four students from the nursing school. Results: A total of 647 students were enrolled. Among the participants, 75% (N = 490) were female students and 24.3% (N = 157) were male students. The mean age was 21.38 (SD = 1.92). The rate of sexually active participants was 26% (N = 169) and the rate of participants who masturbated was 36% (N = 233). The rate of using a family planning method was determined as 25% (N = 163) and the most frequently used family planning method was use of condoms (67.4%). The rate of pregnancy was determined as 1.5% and the rate of abortion was 1.4%. In 69% of the students, the main source of knowledge on sexuality was the internet. The rate of students stating that sexually transmitted diseases are transmitted by sexual intercourse and via blood was 72.6%, and the percentage of students who were vaccinated against Hepatitis B was 61.8%. Conclusion: Twenty-six percent of the students are sexually active and students are unable to reach information on reproduction and sexual health through reliable sources. These results indicate the need for organization of health education programs for university students with regard to reproductive and sexual health.
Giardia lamblia

The surface antigens of Giardia lamblia trophozoites were characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, radioiodination, and immunoprecipitation. Crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis of trophozoites with hyperimmune rabbit anti-trophozoite antiserum revealed a prominent precipitin peak that disappeared upon adsorption of the antiserum with live or formaldehyde-fixed trophozoites. This peak was intensely labeled when the antigen was derived from surface-radioiodinated trophozoites. An antiserum monospecific for the antigen contained in this precipitin peak was prepared. The precipitin peak was shown to contain an antigen with an apparent molecular weight of 82,000 by Western blotting. The antiserum also detected this 82,000-molecularweight antigen on nitrocellulose blots of trophozoites analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On radioiodination of live trophozoites, an iodinated molecule of 82,000 apparent molecular weight was resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was immunoprecipitated by the monospecific antiserum. Preliminary characterization of this antigen with the monospecific antiserum in crossed immunoelectrophoresis revealed that the surface antigen is hydrophobic and thus may be anchored in the plasma membrane, and that it is heat sensitive, but only partially sensitive to pronase or periodate. This antigen was shared by the four G. lamblia strains examined.
Expansion and Diversification of Virus-Specific T Cells following Immunization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Infected Individuals with a Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara/HIV-1 Gag Vaccine

ABSTRACT Affordable therapeutic strategies that induce sustained control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication and are tailored to the developing world are urgently needed. Since CD8+ and CD4+ T cells are crucial to HIV-1 control, stimulation of potent cellular responses by therapeutic vaccination might be exploited to reduce antiretroviral drug exposure. However, therapeutic vaccines tested to date have shown modest immunogenicity. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the changes in virus-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses occurring after vaccination of 16 HIV-1-infected individuals with a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara-vectored vaccine expressing the consensus HIV-1 clade A Gag p24/p17 sequences and multiple CD8+ T-cell epitopes during highly active antiretroviral therapy. We observed significant amplification and broadening of CD8+ and CD4+ gamma interferon responses to vaccine-derived epitopes in the vaccinees, without rebound viremia, but not in two unvaccinated controls followed simultaneously. Vaccine-driven CD8+ T-cell expansions were also detected by tetramer reactivity, predominantly in the CD45RA− CCR7+ or CD45RA− CCR7− compartments, and persisted for at least 1 year. Expansion was associated with a marked but transient up-regulation of CD38 and perforin within days of vaccination. Gag-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell proliferation also increased postvaccination. These data suggest that immunization with MVA.HIVA is a feasible strategy to enhance potentially protective T-cell responses in individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection.
Two galactose‐α‐1,3‐galactose carrying peptidases from pork kidney mediate anaphylactogenic responses in delayed meat allergy

Serum IgE antibodies directed at galactose‐α‐1,3‐galactose (α‐Gal) are associated with a novel form of delayed anaphylaxis occurring upon consumption of red meat or innards. Pork kidney is known as the most potent trigger of this syndrome, but the culprit allergens have not yet been identified. The aim of this study was the identification and characterization of pork kidney proteins mediating delayed anaphylactic reactions through specific IgE to α‐Gal.
Effects of imatinib mesylate (Glivec®) as a c‐kit tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the guinea‐pig urinary bladder

In the gastrointestinal tract, slow wave activity in smooth muscle is generated by the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Detrusor smooth muscle strips of most species show spontaneous contractions which are triggered by action potential bursts, however, the pacemaker mechanisms for the detrusor are still unknown. Recently, ICC‐like cells have been found in guinea‐pig bladder, using antibodies to the c‐kit receptor. We have investigated the effects of Glivec, a c‐kit tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on spontaneous action potentials in guinea‐pig detrusor and intravesical pressure of isolated guinea‐pig bladders.
Effects of meloxicam on plasma iohexol clearance as a marker of glomerular filtration rate in conscious healthy cats.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of therapeutic dosages of meloxicam on the plasma clearance of iohexol in healthy, euvolemic, conscious cats fed a sodium-replete diet. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult neutered male cats. PROCEDURES For each treatment period in a masked, randomized, crossover study, cats were administered either no treatment or meloxicam. Iohexol clearance studies were performed before the treatment period began (baseline) and on the final day of the treatment period. Iohexol concentrations were determined by use of a high-performance liquid chromatography assay, and plasma iohexol clearance as a marker of glomerular filtration rate was calculated by use of a 1-compartment model. RESULTS No significant treatment effect was detected. Mean +/- SE iohexol clearance for cats administered meloxicam (3.31 +/- 0.27 mL/min/kg) was not significantly different from mean baseline value for the meloxicam treatment period (3.07 +/- 0.32 mL/min/kg). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, short-term meloxicam administration did not measurably alter the glomerular filtration rate as assessed via plasma clearance of iohexol. This suggests that renal prostaglandins in cats did not have a measurable effect on glomerular filtration rates in healthy, euvolemic, conscious states as determined on the basis of methods used in this study.
Importance of characteristics and modalities of physical activity and exercise in the management of cardiovascular health in individuals with cardiovascular disease (Part III)

The beneficial effect of exercise training and exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on symptom-free exercise capacity, cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function, quality of life, general healthy lifestyle, and reduction of depressive symptoms and psychosocial stress is nowadays well recognized. However, it remains largely obscure, which characteristics of physical activity (PA) and exercise training ⊟ frequency, intensity, time (duration), type (mode), and volume (dose: intensity × duration) of exercise – are the most effective. The present paper, therefore, will deal with these exercise characteristics in the management of individuals with cardiovascular disease, i.e. coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure patients, but also in patients with congenital or valvular heart disease. Based on the current literature, and if sufficient evidence is available, recommendations from the European Association on Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation are formulated regarding frequency, intensity, time and type of PA, and safety aspects during exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. This paper is the third in a series of three papers, all devoted to the same theme: the importance of the exercise characteristics in the management of cardiovascular health. Part I is directed to the general population and Part II to individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. In general, PA recommendations and exercise training programmes for patients with coronary artery disease or chronic heart failure need to be tailored to the individual’s exercise capacity and risk profile, with the aim to reach and maintain the individually highest fitness level possible and to perform endurance exercise training 30–60 min daily (3–5 days per week) in combination with resistance training 2–3 times a week. Because of the frequently reported dose–response relationship between training effect and exercise intensity, one should seek sufficiently high training intensities, although more scientific evidence on effect sizes and safety is warranted. At present, there is insufficient data to give more specific recommendations on type, dosage, and intensity of exercise in some other cardiovascular diseases, such as congenital heart disease, valve disease, cardiomyopathies, channelopathies, and patients with implanted devices.
Intracranial Hypotension as A Rare Complication of Vertebroplasty: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Vertebral compression fracture is one of the frequent complications of osteoporosis. Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) has been applied in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, multiple myelomas and vertebral metastatic lesions. Complications of the procedure include bleeding at the puncture site, local infection, cement leakage in the vertebral canal and intervertebral foramen. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage after the procedure was rarely mentioned in the literature. CASE REPORT A 51-year-old healthy female patient has no neurologic or orthopedic illness before. She suffered from severe low back pain since 10 days ago after some exercise. She has back pain with radiating to bilateral subcostal areas. The pain aggravated by bending forward. X ray of spine showed T12 vertebral body compression fracture. MRI demonstrated compression fracture at T12 with bone marrow edema and increased bone marrow enhancement. Bone mineral density checked by Dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry revealed osteopenia. The symptoms were not relieved by conservative treatments and she received vertebroplasty for pain relief. The operation course was smooth, but she started to suffer from orthostatic headache after the procedure. Spinal MRI revealed fluid accumulation at posterior epidural space of T11-12-L1 and CSF leakage was impressed. Intracranial hypotension related to CSF leakage was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic criteria formulated by Schievink, et al (2008). After hydration and bed-rest, her symptoms improved gradually without epidural blood patch. CONCLUSION Our report highlights the possibility and importance of intracranial hypotension related to CSF leakage after vertebroplasty. Clinicians should be alert to this complication.
Romanian Rural World Heritage Sites and Tourism Development

Objective: The aim of this article is to investigate if Romanian rural localities hosting or situated within a natural WHS (World Heritage Site) have benefited from their situation and developed the local rural tourism. <br><br>Research Design &amp; Methods: Since the topic of this article had not been previously investigated for Romania, the research was constructed as a case study, exploring the available secondary data on tourism supply and demand. Within the case study, a combination of empirical methods was used in order to investigate two ratios (the survival rate and continuity ratio) constructed to study the sustainability of the offer of local tourism. <br><br>Findings: Romanian rural localities hosting or being part of a WHS do not exploit properly their tourist potential. However, these localities are in a better position than common rural localities from the viewpoint of a sustainable tourism offer. <br><br>Implications &amp; Recommendations: Further studies on tourism demand and tourism governance for WHS localities are needed in order to help local governments to develop authentic and sustainable tourism for these areas. <br><br>Contribution &amp; Value Added: Given the sparse academic Romanian literature focusing on WHSs, this study contributes to this field and opens new avenues for research. Furthermore, the findings of this study add to the existing international literature by supporting the idea that simply the presence of a WHS in rural areas is not a panacea for promoting tourism.
Activity‐dependent regulation of release probability at excitatory hippocampal synapses: a crucial role of fragile X mental retardation protein in neurotransmission

Transcriptional silencing of the Fmr1 gene encoding fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) causes fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common form of inherited intellectual disability and the leading genetic cause of autism. FMRP has been suggested to play important roles in regulating neurotransmission and short‐term synaptic plasticity at excitatory hippocampal and cortical synapses. However, the origins and mechanisms of these FMRP actions remain incompletely understood, and the role of FMRP in regulating synaptic release probability and presynaptic function remains debated. Here we used variance‐mean analysis and peak‐scaled nonstationary variance analysis to examine changes in both presynaptic and postsynaptic parameters during repetitive activity at excitatory CA3–CA1 hippocampal synapses in a mouse model of FXS. Our analyses revealed that loss of FMRP did not affect the basal release probability or basal synaptic transmission, but caused an abnormally elevated release probability specifically during repetitive activity. These abnormalities were not accompanied by changes in excitatory postsynaptic current kinetics, quantal size or postsynaptic α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor conductance. Our results thus indicate that FMRP regulates neurotransmission at excitatory hippocampal synapses specifically during repetitive activity via modulation of release probability in a presynaptic manner. Our study suggests that FMRP function in regulating neurotransmitter release is an activity‐dependent phenomenon that may contribute to the pathophysiology of FXS.
Double-blind comparison of bupropion sustained release and sertraline in depressed outpatients.

BACKGROUND A sustained-release formulation of bupropion (bupropion SR), developed with an improved pharmacokinetic profile to permit less frequent dosing than the immediate-release form, has not been evaluated in active comparator trials. This randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of bupropion SR and sertraline. METHOD Outpatients with moderate to severe major depressive disorder (DSM-IV) received bupropion SR (100-300 mg/day) or sertraline (50-200 mg/day) for 16 weeks. Psychiatric evaluations, including the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), the Clinical Global Impressions scale for Severity of Illness (CGI-S), and for Improvement (CGI-I) were completed, and adverse events were assessed in the clinic periodically throughout treatment. Patients' orgasm function was also assessed. RESULTS Mean HAM-D, HAM-A, CGI-I, and CGI-S scores improved over the course of treatment in both the bupropion SR group and the sertraline group; no between-group differences were observed on any of the scales. Orgasm dysfunction was significantly (p < .001) more common in sertraline-treated patients compared with bupropion SR-treated patients. The adverse events of nausea, diarrhea, somnolence, and sweating were also experienced more frequently (p < .05) in sertraline-treated patients. No differences were noted between the two treatments for vital signs and weight. CONCLUSION This double-blind comparison of bupropion SR and sertraline demonstrates that bupropion and sertraline are similarly effective for the treatment of depression. Both compounds were relatively well tolerated, and orgasm dysfunction, nausea, diarrhea, somnolence, and sweating were reported more frequently in sertraline-treated patients.
Differentiation of soft tissue haemangioma by 201Tl scintigraphy

Radiological diagnosis of deep soft tissue is often difficult. In the present study, thallium-201 (201Tl) uptake into haemangiomas and deep malignant soft tissue tumours was investigated in order to assess its clinical utility. 201Tl scintigraphy was reviewed in four patients presenting with soft tissue haemangiomas. Early and delayed planar images, obtained at 15 min and 3 h following the intravenous injection of 201Tl (111 MBq), were examined. The 201Tl uptake ratio was calculated by dividing the count density of the tumour region of interest (ROI) by that of the background ROI. Results were compared with those of five cases of rhabdomyosarcoma and a single instance of angiosarcoma. All haemangioma lesions demonstrated increased 201Tl uptake in early images. However, 201Tl uptake in delayed images was markedly decreased. No significant differences were observed in the early uptake ratio between haemangiomas (1.60-2.72) and reference malignant tumours (1.48-2.45); however, the difference was significant in delayed images (range, 1.01-1.26 vs. 1.43-2.03, respectively) (P<0.02). Deep soft tissue haemangiomas revealed 201Tl accumulation in early images; however, a rapid washout was observed in delayed images. This distinctive feature may facilitate the use of 201Tl scintigraphy in the diagnosis of haemangiomas.
Governance and risk management reforms after the 2008 financial crisis

Die 2008 Finanzkrise hat die Bedingungen in der Finanzindustrie dramatisch verandert. Wahrend sich die offentliche und akademische Diskussion auf die Regulationsmasnahmen fur die Banken signifikant konzentriert hat, widmet sich die vorliegende Arbeit den eigenen Reaktionen von Banken auf die entstandene Krise. Der Hauptteil besteht aus einer Fallstudie deren einziges Subjekt ist UBS AG, eine schweizerische Bank, die extensive Verluste wahrend der Krise erlitten hat. Die Ergebnisse der Literaturrecherche zeigen auf eine Kombination von Faktoren auf dem Firmenniveau, die zur Krise gefuhrt haben. Die zwei Hauptbereiche mit dem Einfluss auf Bankenkrisenleistung sind Corporate Governance und das Risikomanagement. Die Studie der Krisenverluste von UBS unterstutzt diese Aussage, wobei die Bereiche von Risikomanagement, Corporate Governance, Grenzwertstruktur von Portfolios und Managemententlohnung durch bedeutsame Mangel charakterisiert sind. In der Krisennachwirkung hat UBS bewaltigt, eine umfangreiche Reform von Risikomanagement, Risikokontrolle, Entlohnung und Corporate Governance durchzufuhren. Die angenommenen Masnahmen verbessern die identifizierten Mangel und entsprechen den Empfehlungen von Basel sowie auch anderen Aufsichtsorganisationen. Jedenfalls war UBS weiteren Versagen von interner Kontrolle ausgesetzt. Die Bedeutsamkeit von interner Kontrolle muss in der modernen komplexen Finanzindustrie standig hervorgehoben werden. Die Reform von einer Bank, die signifikante Verluste erlitten hat, ist eine anspruchsvolle und zeitintensive Aufgabe. Die Eventstudie sowie auch die Unternehmensbewertung weisen an eine langer bestehende skeptische Unterschatzung von UBS Leistungspotential seitens der Investoren. Dies abgesehen, die Fortsetzung des Reformplanes, seit 2011 unter dem neuen Vorstand, hat zu einer verbesserten Stabilitat der Bankenleistung gefuhrt. Eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit dem UBS Reformprozess kann eine Inspiration fur die Banken anbieten, die sich auf der Suche nach Verbesserung im Bereich von Aufsicht, Risikomanagement, Risikokontrolle und Entlohnungsgestaltung befinden.
Looking behind the Curtain

This article extends mixed-methods longitudinal research with school and district leaders (2008–present) about their most pressing leadership challenges. Here—through in-depth, qualitative interviews—we explore how a subsample of 30 principals described and understood their internal experiences of addressing pressing challenges. More specifically, using an adaptive/ technical lens, social-emotional frameworks, and constructive-developmental theory, we illuminate how principals‘ social-emotional and developmental capacities influenced their leadership, and highlight findings with in-depth mini-cases. By focusing on the inner workings of principals’ leadership for managing change, this article offers implications for professional practice and school-wide change locally and globally, leadership preparation, policy, and future research.
Alendronate Reduces Periprosthetic Bone Loss After Uncemented Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Study

Periprosthetic bone loss, especially in the proximal part of the femur, is common after cemented and uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA). Bone loss can be progressive and, in the extreme, may threaten survival of the prosthesis. To study whether alendronate therapy can reduce bone loss adjacent to prostheses, 13 uncemented primary THA patients were randomized to the study. They received 10 mg alendronate + 500 mg calcium (n = 8) or 500 mg calcium only (n = 5) daily for 6 months follow‐up after THA. Periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Decreases in periprosthetic BMD in the alendronate‐treated group were lower compared with the changes in the calcium‐only group in the same regions of interest at the same follow‐up time. In the proximal femur, the mean BMD decrease was 17.1% in the calcium‐only group, whereas in the alendronate‐treated group the decrease was only 0.9% (p = 0.019). The mean periprosthetic BMD change was also significantly different in the total periprosthetic area between the study groups at the end of the follow‐up (calcium‐only group −9.9% vs. alendronate‐treated group −2.6%; p = 0.019). Alendronate therapy led to a significant reduction in periprosthetic bone loss after primary uncemented THA compared with the changes found in patients without therapy. This kind of bone response may improve the support of the prosthesis and may result in better survival of the prosthesis. However, in this study the follow‐up time was too short and the study population was too small to make any long‐term conclusions as to the prognosis for THA patients treated with alendronate.