Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a Hereditary Component in Homing Behavior of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Returns from three groups of coded wire tagged fall-run chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Columbia River were analyzed to determine the learned and innate components of homing behavior. Homing of an experimental group produced from intercepted adults, reared and released at a hatchery 370 km downstream from the ancestral location, was compared with the homing of the ancestral stock from their natural site and with the stock native to the downriver release site. Controls from the ancestral location and release site homed to their expected destinations with high accuracy. The experimental group demonstrated an intermediate homing response: 58% returned to the release site, 5% returned to hatcheries 12–50 km upstream, 28% were accountable in an intercepting fishery 15–200 km upstream, and 9% returned to the ancestral spawning area, despite total lack of contact with this area.
Ambiguity and choice in European public policy

ABSTRACT Amending rational institutionalist accounts of EU policy, I use the multiple streams perspective and examples from several policy sectors to explore the impact of two elements of policy choice: policy windows and the dynamics of coupling. I argue that policy outputs are neither exclusively rational nor solely a function of institutional design; rather they depend heavily on a complex interaction between problems, solutions, and politics during fleeting open windows of opportunity. Policy windows pose limitations to rational policy-making by framing the context within which choice is made, while the notion of coupling stresses the impact of entrepreneurial politics and strategies in EU policy-making. The analysis illuminates the limitations of rationality in explaining policy choice, the role of political power in the absence of institutional hierarchies, and the impact of ideas, institutions, and entrepreneurs in the EU policy process.
Probing d8−d8 Interactions in Luminescent Mono- and Binuclear Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes of 6-Phenyl-2,2‘-bipyridines

A series of luminescent mono- and binuclear cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes, namely [Pt(L1-6)Cl] (1a−6a; HL1-6 = 4-(aryl)-6-phenyl-2,2‘-bipyridine; aryl = H (1), phenyl (2), 4-chlorophenyl (3), 4-tolyl (4), 4-methoxyphenyl (5), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl (6)), [Pt(L1)E]+ (E = py (7), PPh3 (8)), [Pt2(L1-6)2(μ-dppm)]2+ (1b−6b, dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane), [Pt2(L1)2(μ-pz)]+ (9, Hpz = pyrazole), and [Pt2(L1)2(μ-dppCn)]2+ (dppCn = bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (10, n = 3) and -pentane (11, n = 5)), were synthesized in order to examine fluid- and solid-state oligomeric d8−d8 and ligand−ligand interactions. The molecular structures of 4b(ClO4)2 and 9(PF6) reveal intramolecular Pt−Pt distances of 3.245(1) and 3.612(2) A, respectively. While minimal metal−metal communication is expected for 9, weak π−π interactions are possible. All complexes described in this work are emissive in fluid solution at room temperature. Negligible changes in emission energy are detected by incorporating different aryl subs.
Country Exposure Limit Modelling : Country Risk Approach

As global competition is increasing, international banking plays an important role of the banking business. While maximizing profit, the financial institution is trying to minimize and mitigate the risk by formulating risk mitigation framework. This paper attempts to focus on Country Exposure Limit modelling by identifying important factors using country risk framework. This study was conducted at XYZ Bank one of the biggest bank in Indonesia which has a huge country exposure risk. The research tries to evaluate the model and suggest a new formula to calculate Country Exposure Limit. We examine the important macroeconomic factors used in predicting Country Exposure Limit across 47 countries. The finding of the empirical analysis indicates that GDP and Gross Capital Formation are positively significant in predicting Country Exposure Limit. This study result can also be used as a reference for financial institution in considering their model in predicting Country Exposure Limit.
Flow tilt angles near forest edges – Part 1: Sonic anemometry

Abstract. An analysis of flow tilt angles from a fetch-limited beech forest site with clearings is presented in the context of vertical advection of carbon dioxide. Flow angles and vertical velocities from two sonic anemometers by different manufacturers were analyzed. Instead of using rotations, where zero-flow angles were assumed for neutral flow, the data was interpreted in relation to upstream and downstream forest edges. Uncertainties caused by flow distortion, vertical misalignment and limited sampling time (statistical uncertainty) were evaluated and found to be highly significant. Since the attack angle distribution of the wind on the sonic anemometer is a function of atmospheric stratification, an instrumental error caused by imperfect flow distortion correction is also a function of the atmospheric stratification. In addition, it is discussed that the sonic anemometers have temperature dependent off-sets. These features of the investigated sonic anemometers make them unsuitable for measuring vertical velocities over highly turbulent forested terrain. By comparing the sonic anemometer results to that of a conically scanning Doppler lidar (Dellwik et al., 2010b), sonic anemometer accuracy for measuring mean flow tilt angles was estimated to between 2° and 3°. Use of planar fit algorithms, where the mean vertical velocity is calculated as the difference between the neutral and non-neutral flow, does not solve this problem of low accuracy and is not recommended. Because of the large uncertainties caused by flow distortion and vertical alignment, it was only possible to a limited extent to relate sonic anemometer flow tilt angles to upwind forest edges, but the results by the lidar indicated that an internal boundary layer affect flow tilt angles at 21m above the forest. This is in accordance with earlier studies at the site. Since the mean flow tilt angles do not follow the terrain, an estimate of the vertical advection term for near-neutral conditions was calculated using profile measurements of carbon dioxide. The estimated advection term is large, but it is not recommended to include it in the surface carbon balance, unless all terms in the carbon dioxide conservation equation can be precisely estimated.
Early-Type Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. IV. Colors and Chemical Evolution

The colors and chemical abundances of early-type galaxies at redshifts z < 0.3 are studied using a sample of nearly 9000 galaxies, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey using morphological and spectral criteria. In this sample, redder galaxies have larger velocity dispersions: g*-r* ∝ σ0.26±0.02. Color also correlates with magnitude, g* - r* ∝ (-0.025 ± 0.003)M, and size, but these correlations are entirely due to the L-σ and Ro-σ relations: the primary correlation is color-σ. The red light in early-type galaxies is, on average, slightly more centrally concentrated than the blue. Because of these color gradients, the strength of the color-magnitude relation depends on whether or not the colors are defined using a fixed metric aperture; the color-σ relation is less sensitive to this choice. Chemical evolution and star formation histories of early-type galaxies are investigated using co-added spectra of similar objects. The resulting library of co-added spectra contains spectra that represent a wide range of early-type galaxies. Chemical abundances correlate primarily with velocity dispersion: Hβ ∝ σ-0.24±0.03, Mg2 ∝ σ0.20±0.02, Mg b ∝ σ0.32±0.03, and ⟨Fe⟩ ∝ σ0. 11±0.03. At fixed σ, the population at z ∼ 0.2 had weaker Mg2 and stronger Hβ absorption compared to the population at z ∼ 0. It was also bluer. Comparison of these colors and line strengths and their evolution with single-burst stellar population models suggests a formation time of 9 Gyr ago, consistent with a fundamental plane analysis of this sample. Although the fundamental plane shows that galaxies in dense regions are slightly different from galaxies in less dense regions, the co-added spectra and color-magnitude relations show no statistically significant dependence on environment.
GaN Nanowires Fabricated by Magnetron Sputtering Deposition

GaN, as an attractive third-generation semiconductor material (III-V), has shown great prospect in applications of short wavelength blue and ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting devices (LEDs), microwave devices and high-power semiconductor devices, due to its unique physical properties such as wide band-gap (3.39 eV direct gap at room temperature), high thermal conductivity, high electron saturated mobility, high thermal stability, and so on (Fasol, 1996; Nakamura, 1998; Morkoc & Mohammad, 1995; Han et al., 1997). As we all know, GaN have three kinds of strucrure: hexagonal wurtzite (┙-phase), cubic blende (┚-phase) salt mine (NaCl-type compound square structure), which are shown as Figure 1.
Analysis of Correlation Between the Severity of Urinary Incontinence and Sexual Function in Women with Pelvic Floor Dysfunction

Aim The study aimed to analyze the correlation between the intensity of urinary incontinence (UI) in women by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and sexual function by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Methods: Cross-sectional, correlational and quantitative study. It was developed in the urogynecology clinic with 110 women with stress or mixed UI. Exclusion criteria: overactive bladder syndrome, stage of pelvic organ prolapsed >3, neurological disease or dementia. The FSFI consists of 19 questions assessing female sexual function in the last 4 weeks in the areas of sexual desire, arousal, vaginal lubrication, orgasm, sexual satisfaction and pain. It was considered final score ≤ 26.5 indicative of sexual dysfunction. The UI was evaluated using the (ICIQ-SF) consists of 4 items such as frequency of UI, volume, impact of UI on daily life and urinary symptoms. Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between the final ICIQ-SF result (mean = 13) and the final FSFI score (mean = 23.4), (p = 0.004). The higher the ICIQ-SF final score, the lower the final FSFI score. The FSFI domains most affected by UI severity as evidenced by ICIQ-SF were: sexual desire (p =0.000), sexual arousal (p =0.036) and satisfaction (p =0.010). Conclusions: There was a strong correlation between the severity of stress and mixed UI and sexual function in the studied population. The UI negatively interferes with the woman's desire, arousal, and sexual satisfaction.
Interventions in adult children and spouses of alcoholics. Randomized controlled trials of mental health and drinking patterns.

Randomized studies of various support programs for spouses and children of alcoholics are few in the international literature. This thesis comprises two randomized controlled studies of intervention programs for two family groups: spouses living with an alcoholics partner (paper I and II) and university students who have grown up with at least one parents with alcohol problems (paper III and IV). Follow-ups of the intervention programs were performed after 12 and 24 months respectively, at which the effects of the programs in each study were evaluated. In the first study, 39 spouses of alcoholics were randomized into one of three interventions: standard information, individual coping skills training or group support. At the 12-month follow-up, all three groups had improved their coping styles, and their mental symptoms were reduced. There were tendencies of larger improvements in mental symptoms in the individual coping skills training and the group support groups compared with the standard information group. The 24-month follow-up showed that changes in mental symptoms (SCL-90) were significantly larger in the group support and coping skills training groups than in the control group. The major improvements in coping behavior, hardship and mental symptoms occurred in the first year. The stability of improvements achieved after one year was generally good. In the second study, 82 university students with at least one parent with alcohol problems were randomized into one of three programs: alcohol intervention, coping intervention and a combination of alcohol and coping intervention. The duration per session was identical in all three programs: two hours on two occasions with one month between. The 12 months follow-up showed that the groups receiving alcohol intervenion (the alcohol intervention program and the combination program) improved their drinking pattern significantly more than the group not receiving alcohol intervention. No changes in coping behavior were evident. At the 24-month follow-up, the results showed that participants who had received both alcohol and coping intervention had improved their alcohol behavior more in the second follow-up year than those participants who had only received alcohol intervention or coping intervention. There were no changes in coping variables. The results documented in the first study constitute one of the few research contributions showing the effects of various types of intervention on spouses. Similarly, intervention studies of adult children of alcoholics are unusual. The current finding that alcohol intervention is effective in reducing alcohol consumption has important preventive aspects. The second-year improvement in the effect on alcohol consumption by the combined alcohol and coping intervention is important both theoretically as well as practically.
Efficacy of open‐ocean ballast water exchange as a means of preventing invertebrate invasions between freshwater ports

Ballast water is a major vector of nonindigenous species invasion globally. Mandatory ballast water exchange (BWE) was implemented for vessels carrying ballast water into the Great Lakes in 1993. Despite the implementation of this policy, few data are available on its effectiveness, and invasions have continued to be reported in the Great Lakes. In this study, we conducted experiments to assess the efficacy of BWE on six operational transoceanic vessels traveling from the Great Lakes to European ports. Each vessel had paired ballast tanks, one of which was designated as a control that remained filled with Great Lakes water, while the other was exchanged with mid‐ocean water. Community composition was assessed immediately after tanks were filled and again prior to water discharge in European ports. BWE was verified by ship records and, in two cases, by in situ water quality sensors. BWE was highly effective (>99% loss) for reducing concentrations of freshwater zooplankton. Live sentinel amphipods and oligochaetes deployed in incubator chambers sustained nearly universal mortality in tanks that experienced BWE, but not in unexchanged tanks. Finally, BWE reduced in situ recruitment of zooplankton from diapausing eggs present in ballast sediments in additional incubator chambers deployed in these tanks. Collectively, these studies support the contention that BWE by transoceanic vessels traveling between freshwater ports results in ballast water that would exceed proposed International Maritime Organization (2004) ballast water performance standards if these standards were applied to freshwater species only. Thus, BWE provides strong protection to freshwater ecosystems against invasions by both pelagic and benthic freshwater species.
Study of some soils of the Himalayan piedmont plain of Bangladesh

Results of four representative pedons of the Old Himalayan piedmont, collected horizonwise from Thakurgaon district, revealed that the color of the topsoil was dark grayish brown to dark yellowish brown and that of the subsoils was dark yellowish brown to light olive-brown and light brownish grey when moist. The soils have moderately well drained conditions except Baliadangi soils which are imperfectly drained. Prismatic to subangular blocky structure has been developed in subsurface horizons of all the profiles, whereas massive structure was found in the surface horizons. Sand was by far the dominant fraction in the soils. The texture of the soils varied from clay loam to sandy loam. The irregular vertical distribution patterns of sand/silt ratio in the profiles indicate the heterogeneous nature of the parent materials. The pH of the soils ranged from 5.4 to 6.26. The organic matter contents as well as total nitrogen of these soils were, in general, low. The C/N ratios of the soils varied from 4.3 to 10.3. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) in most of the studied soils were low. Calcium and magnesium were the dominant cations in all the soils. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jasbs.v38i2. 15610 J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 38(2): 199-206, December 2012
ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE FOR DISEASE SUPPRESSION 1

Identification of the biological properties contributing to the function of suppressive soils is a necessary first step to the management of such systems for use in the control of soilborne diseases. The development and application of molecular methods for the characterization and monitoring of soil microbial properties will enable a more rapid and detailed assessment of the biological nature of soil suppressiveness. Although suppressive soils have provided a wealth of microbial resources that have subsequently been applied for the biological control of soilborne plant pathogens, the full functional capabilities of the phenomena have not been realized in production agricultural ecosystems. Cultural practices, such as the application of soil amendments, have the capacity to enhance disease suppression, though the biological modes of action may vary from that initially resident to the soil. Plants have a distinct impact on characteristics and activity of resident soil microbial communities, and therefore play an important role in determining the development of the disease-suppressive state. Likewise, plant genotype will modulate these same biological communities, and should be considered when developing strategies to exploit the potential of such a natural disease control system. Implementation of consistently effective practices to manage this resource in an economically and environmentally feasible manner will require more detailed investigation of these biologically complex systems and refinement of currently available methodologies.
Is a Meal without Wine Good for Health?

Hippocrates, the father of medicine, had said: “Wine is a thing wonderfully appropriate to man if, in health as in disease, it is administered with appropriate and just measure according to the individual constitution. ” Wine has always accompanied humanity, for religion or for health. Christians and Jews need wine for the liturgy. For Plato, wine was an indispensable element in society and the most important in the symposium. In this second part of the banquet, mixed with water, the wine gave the word. If the French paradox made a lot of ink flow; it was the wine that was originally responsible for it. Many researchers have tried to study alcohol and polyphenols in wine, in order to solve the mystery. Beyond its cardiovascular effects, there are also effects on longevity, metabolism, cancer prevention, and neuroprotection, and the list goes on. The purpose of this work is to make an analysis of the current knowledge on the subject. Indeed, if the paradigm of antioxidants is seductive, it is perhaps by their prooxidant effect that the polyphenols act, by an epigenetic process mediated by nrf2. Wine is a preserve of antioxidants for the winter and it is by this property that the wine acts, in an alcoholic solution. A wine without alcohol is pure heresy. Wine is the elixir that by design, over millennials, has acted as a pharmacopeia that enabled man to heal and prosper on the planet. From Alvise Cornaro to Serge Renaud, nutrition was the key to health and longevity, whether the Cretan or Okinawa diet, it is the small dose of alcohol (wine or sake) that allows the bioavailability of polyphenols. Moderate drinking gives a protection for diseases and a longevity potential. In conclusion, let us drink fewer, but drink better, to live older.
Asymmetry and Federal Reserve Forecasts

Forecasts are a central component of policy making; the Federal Reserve’s forecasts are published in a document called the Greenbook. Previous studies of the Greenbook’s inflation forecasts have found them to be rationalizable but asymmetric if considering particular subperiods, e.g., before and after the Volcker appointment. In these papers, forecasts are analyzed in isolation, assuming policymakers value them independently. We analyze the Greenbook forecasts in a framework in which the forecast errors are allowed to interact. We find that allowing the losses to interact makes the unemployment forecasts virtually symmetric, the output forecasts symmetric prior to the Volcker appointment, and the inflation forecasts symmetric after the onset of the Great Moderation.
A Review Of Epidemiological Studies Of Oral Cancer And Precancer In Malaysia

This paper attempts to review epidemiological studies of oral cancer and precancer in Malaysia. The defmitions of prevalence, incidence, risk habits and oral cancer and precancers were discussed to better understand' the different types of studies conducted, which would be important in making comparisons between studies. Currently, epidemiological data on oral cancer in Malaysia are sketchy. The only incidence data for oral cancer in Malaysia was reported by Hirayama in 1966, 35 years ago. He estimated that 3.1 new cases per 100,000 population were diagnosed for the year 1963. A number of histopathological data of oral and maxillofacial biopsies were reported. Oral cancer accounted for one-fifth of all oral biopsies. A national study on oral mucosal lesions in Malaysia carried out in 1993/4 reported that there was a variation seen in the occurrence of oral premalignancy among the ethnic groups. The Indians and the indigenous people of Sabah and Sarawak were identified as high risk groups for oral cancer and precancer. It was also observed that both of the ethnic groups chewed betel quid. In conclusion, the epidemiological studies have provided useful data, which may be used in planning for future oral health programmes and research towards enhancing Malaysia's on-going effort in preventing the occurrence of these diseases.
Comparing CRF and LSTM performance on the task of morphosyntactic tagging of non-standard varieties of South Slavic languages

This paper presents two systems taking part in the Morphosyntactic Tagging of Tweets shared task on Slovene, Croatian and Serbian data, organized inside the VarDial Evaluation Campaign. While one system relies on the traditional method for sequence labeling (conditional random fields), the other relies on its neural alternative (bidirectional long short-term memory). We investigate the similarities and differences of these two approaches, showing that both methods yield very good and quite similar results, with the neural model outperforming the traditional one more as the level of non-standardness of the text increases. Through an error analysis we show that the neural system is better at long-range dependencies, while the traditional system excels and slightly outperforms the neural system at the local ones. We present in the paper new state-of-the-art results in morphosyntactic annotation of non-standard text for Slovene, Croatian and Serbian.