Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on machine-crop parameters of cylinder threshers for cumin threshing

Prior to developing a cumin thresher, the efficiency factors of cumin threshing w as investigated. The effect of thresher variables including the moisture content, cylinder type and cylinder speed, feed rate and concave clearance on weight percentage of separated seeds, shattered stems and damaged seeds were studied in this research. The results showed that as moisture content increased from 7% to 13%, separated seed and damaged seed decreased from 92.8% to 90.4% and from 10.1% to 7.6%, respectively. However, increasing cylinder speed from 12.8 to 16.5 m/s, increased the percentage of separated seed, shattered stems and damaged seed. The cylinder type did not have significant effect on weight percentage of separated seed, while it had a significant effect on shattered stems and damaged seeds. It was concluded that the rub bar cylinder was better than the rasp bar cylinder. Thus, the rub bar cylinder, 16.5 m/s cylinder speed and 7% grain moisture content were the most suitable conditions for cumin threshing. Keywords : thresher, cumin, moisture content, cylinder type , cylinder speed, feed rate , concave clearance
A New Approximation Method for Constant Weight Coding and Its Hardware Implementation

In this chapter, a more memory-efficient method for encoding binary information into words of prescribed length and weight is presented. The solutions in existing work include complex float point arithmetic or extra memory overhead which make it demanding for resource-constrained computing platform. The solution we propose here solves the problems above yet achieves better coding efficiency. We also correct a crucial error in previous implementations of code-based cryptography by exploiting and tweaking the proposed encoder. For the time being, the design presented in this work is the most compact one for any code-based encryption schemes. We show, for instance, that our lightweight implementation of Niederreiter encrypting unit can encrypt approximately 1 million plaintexts per second on a Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGA, requiring 183 slices and 18 memory blocks.
A Network-constrained Empirical Bayes Method for Analysis of Genomic Data

Empirical Bayes methods are widely used in the analysis of microarray gene expression data in order to identify the differentially expressed genes or genes that are associated with other general phenotypes. Available methods often assume that genes are independent. However, genes are expected to function interactively and to form molecular modules to affect the phenotypes. In order to account for regulatory dependency among genes, we propose in this paper a network-constrained empirical Bayes method for analyzing genomic data in the framework of general linear models, where the dependency of genes is modeled by a discrete Markov random field model defined on a pre-defined biological network. This method provides a statistical framework for integrating the known biological network information into the analysis of genomic data. We present an iterated conditional mode algorithm for parameter estimation and for estimating the posterior probabilities using Gibbs sampling. We demonstrate the application of the proposed methods using simulations and analysis of a human brain aging microarray gene expression data set. A Network-constrained Empirical Bayes Method for Analysis of Genomic Data Caiyan Li, Zhi Wei and Hongzhe Li Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Computer Science New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102. Address correspondence to: Hongzhe Li Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Tel: (215) 573-5038 Email: hongzhe@mail.med.upenn.edu Hosted by The Berkeley Electronic Press
A new approach for obtaining settling velocity in a thickener using statistical regression: A case study

In this research work, the parameters affecting the settling velocity within the thickeners were studied by introducing an equivalent shape factor. Several thickener feed samples of different densities including copper, lead and zinc, and coal were prepared. The settling tests were performed on the samples, and the corresponding settling curves were plotted. Using the linear regression analysis, the Chein's equation was fitted to the experimental data in order to obtain the equivalent shape factors for the different minerals. Moreover, the relations between the equivalent shape factors and the settling parameters were investigated. The R-squared values for the fits proved the capability of the Chein's equation to fit well on the experimental data (0.96R 2 0.99 for the copper sample, 0.96R 2 0.98 for the lead and zinc sample, and 0.93R 2 0.97 for the coal sample). The results obtained showed that the equivalent shape factor generally decreased with increase in the initial solid concentration. The equivalent shape factor for the coal sample in the samples with concentrations higher than 25% was negative but close to zero. This unusual behavior was explained by discussing the effects of the flocculants on the formation of the network structure in these samples. Determination of the equivalent shape factors would be an invaluable achievement in mineral processing. The researchers can simply put these factors into the Chein's equation to calculate the settling velocity of the minerals instead of performing expensive and time-consuming experiments.
Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Microorganisms: Approaches, Advantages, and Limitations

Much of Earth’s recent geologic history is dominated by periods of extensive glaciation, with relatively low global mean temperatures and correspondingly low atmospheric CO2 concen‐ trations [1]. The current interglacial period stands out as an anomaly because the atmospheric CO2 concentration has risen sharply above the range of approximately 180-280 parts per million by volume that has defined the past 420,000 years to reach levels that are nearly 40% higher than the biosphere has experienced over this time frame [2]. This rapid increase in CO2 concentration is primarily due to the release of ancient fixed atmospheric CO2 into the modern atmosphere through the combustion of fossil fuel resources over the past 200 years. Since it is clear from ice core records that atmospheric CO2 concentration has a strong positive correlation to global temperature, it is expected that changes to global climate are forthcoming [3]. There are substantial uncertainties regarding the ability of terrestrial and oceanic carbon sinks to absorb this anthropogenic CO2 on time scales that are relevant to human society [2], so the continued release of ancient CO2 into the modern atmosphere at current rates carries with it an important risk of inducing climate changes of unknown amplitude along with a host of ancillary changes that are difficult to predict with certainty. This has led to the search for alternatives to fossil fuels to meet a rising global energy demand, and one such option is the use of extant organic matter to produce energy. This resource contains carbon that was fixed from the modern atmosphere, which means it does not result in a net increase in atmospheric CO2 upon combustion.
Effects of Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) Removal on Survival of Artificial Songbird Nests in Boreal Forest Fragments

Abstract The importance of red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) as predators of songbird nests in the boreal forest was determined by monitoring survival of artificial nests before and after squirrel removal. In eight conifer-dominated forest fragments surrounded by agricultural fields we placed artificial ground and shrub nests along the edge and interior of each fragment. Nests contained one quail and one clay egg, which were monitored for 12 d. We then removed squirrels from four forest fragments and repeated the experiment. Nests located in reference plots, where squirrel numbers were not manipulated, had similar survival rates among trials (2 ± 7% change between trials). In contrast, the percentage of quail eggs surviving 12 d increased 32 ± 9% after squirrels were removed. The survival of clay eggs increased 22 ± 10% after squirrel removal, although this was not significantly different from changes in clay egg survival between trials in reference plots (−2 ± 6%). The increase in nest survival when squirrels were removed was consistent for nests on edge and interior transects and ground and shrub nests. Unlike previous studies, we did not observe compensatory predation by other predators, although the relative frequency of mice destroying nests increased after squirrel removal.
Snow avalanche friction relation based on extended kinetic theory

Abstract. Rheological models for granular materials play an important role in the numerical simulation of dry dense snow avalanches. This article describes the application of a physically based model from the field of kinetic theory to snow avalanche simulations. The fundamental structure of the so-called extended kinetic theory is outlined and the decisive model behavior for avalanches is identified. A simplified relation, covering the basic features of the extended kinetic theory, is developed and implemented into an operational avalanche simulation software. To test the obtained friction relation, simulation results are compared to velocity and runout observations of avalanches, recorded from different field tests. As reference we utilize a classic phenomenological friction relation, which is commonly applied for hazard estimation. The quantitative comparison is based on the combination of normalized residuals of different observation variables in order to take into account the quality of the simulations in various regards. It is demonstrated that the extended kinetic theory provides a physically based explanation for the structure of phenomenological friction relations. The friction relation derived with the help of the extended kinetic theory shows advantages to the classic phenomenological friction, in particular when different events and various observation variables are investigated.
Leader-Member Exchange and Organizational Justice in Bahraini Workgroups

This research aimed at measuring individuals' and workgroups' perceptions of the quality of leader-followerexchange (LMX) and differentiation as well as of organizational justice (OJ) and OC climates. A survey wasdeveloped and used. A purposive non-probability sampling method was followed to collect data from 173 employeesworking in different workgroups that belong to five economic sectors in Bahrain. The individual-level data on LMXand OJ were collected via the survey, were used to examine the relationship between individuals’ perceptions ofLMX and dimensions of OJ. Later, the individual-level data on LMX and OJ dimensions were aggregated to thegroup-level of analysis in order to reflect workgroups’ perceptions. The study found that individuals' andworkgroups' perceptions of OJ were positively related to their perceptions of the level of exchange exerted by aleader toward his/her subordinates.
Effect of Boron Foliar Application on Yield and Quality of Some Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Cultivars

This study was carried out in the greenhouse of the National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt, in order to investigate the effect of foliar application of boron (0, 300 and 600 ppm B) as boric acid (H3BO3, 17% B) on the yield and yield components and also the seed quality of two sunflower cultivars (Sakha-53 and Giza-102). B application at a rate of 600 ppm produced the highest values of seed yield/plant (g), head diameter (cm), number of seeds/head, weight of 1,000 seed (g), percentage of oil (%) and oil yield/plant (g) of both cultivars. Seed yield/plant increased by 26.85% and 34.81% with increasing B concentration from 300 ppm and 600 ppm as compared to control plants, respectively. The results indicated that application of 300 ppm B resulted in an increase of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids as compared to the treatment with 600 ppm B and control plants. However, the linoleic acid increased gradually with increasing B up to 600 ppm. Such increases were estimated by 8.72% and 7.19% over the control plants or the treatment sprayed with 300 ppm B, respectively. The highest oleic and linoleic acids percentages (52.71% and 36.05%, respectively) were obtained from Sakha-53 cultivar with 300 ppm B foliar application, while the lowest lenolenic acid percentage (2.01%) was obtained at 600 ppm B. The highest content of gluatmine, isoleucine and arginine (9.61, 3.97 and 3.97 mg/100 g dry weight) was obtained from Sakha-53 cultivar, followed by Giza-102 at a rate of 600 ppm foliar application of B. It can be concluded that B plays a vital role for increasing the productivity and quality of sunflower plants, especially when grown under B deficient soil.
N 2 O emission and nitrogen and carbon leaching from the soil in relation to long-term and current mineral and organic fertilization – a laboratory study

Sosulski T. , Szara E. , Szymańska M. , Stępień W. (2017): N2O emission and nitrogen and carbon leaching from the soil in relation to long-term and current mineral and organic fertilization – a laboratory study. Plant Soil Environ. , 63: 97–104. The paper presents the results of a laboratory experiment aimed at the assessment of N2O emissions, NO3 –, NH4 + and carbon (C) leaching from agricultural soils subjected to long-term mineral and organic fertilization. Our results show that long-term treatment impacts the N2O emissions from loamy-sand Luvisols to a greater extent than the recent single application of mineral or organic fertilizers. The N2O fluxes from soils with higher Corg content that results from long-term organic fertilization exceed those from soils with lower Corg content subsequent to long-term mineral fertilization. Our research confirms previous reports that the intensity of N2O emission is related to soil moisture. The NO3 – leaching depended on the recent application of fertilizers with a stronger influence of single application of NH4NO3 than farmyard manure. Long-term fertilization did not impact the NO3 – leaching.
Cardioprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Callistemon lanceolatus leaves on doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats

The cardioprotective effect of ethanol extract of Callistemon lanceolatus leaves (100 and 200 mg/kg) against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy was studied. Rats were pretreated with the extract for 7 days and simultaneous treatment with doxorubicin along with the extracts for the next 14 days. After 24 hours of last dose of doxorubicin, ECG, invasive blood pressure, serum markers (creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, serum transaminases), tissue antioxidant markers (catalase, superoxide dismutase) and extent of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) were studied. The elevated ST segment, decreased blood pressure, increased level of serum enzymes and decreased level of tissue antioxidant markers were observed in doxorubicin treatment (p<0.01). While 200 mg/kg extract significantly reduced the elevated levels of the serum enzymes and restores the ECG and blood pressure to normal, also significantly increased the tissue antioxidant levels, while decreased the malondialdehyde level (p<0.01) when compared with the control. The histopathological study confirmed the cardioprotection.
DYNAMICS OF LARGE SCALE VEHICLE MODELS USING ADAMS/FLEX

A general methodology is first presented for capturing dynamics of large order vehicle models in a systematic and computationally efficient way. The equations of motion of a simplified vehicle model are set up by applying classical finite element techniques and they may include nonlinearities in the suspension and the tires. The first step is to reduce the dimensions of the original system substantially by applying a component mode synthesis approach. This allows the application of appropriate numerical methodologies for predicting response spectra of nonlinear models to periodic road excitation. Results obtained by direct integration of the equations of motion are also presented for transient road excitation. In all cases, the accuracy and validity of the applied methodology is verified by comparison with results obtained for the original models. Finally, similar results are obtained by employing ADAMS/Flex, for a more involved vehicle model. These results represent the outcome of current efforts to develop a fully automated procedure of using ADAMS/Flex, based on the car model and the road profile alone.
The Effect of Lunar Cycle on the Frequency of Birth in Al-Elwiya Maternity Hospital, Baghdad, 2017

Background: For ancient period, moon has been held responsible for many biological activities. The moon has long been thought to have physical effects on human beings especially women. The menstrual cycle, conception, delivery and even fertility have been closely linked to the moon’s cycles. Aim: The relation of lunar phases to the birth rate has been the focus of considerable research with still controversial results. This study attempts to dispel or lend significance to beliefs among hospital staff that the moon phases are related to birth rate and possible relationship between lunar position at time of delivery, the gender of the child and multiple pregnancy outcome. Subject and Method: A single center retrospective cohort study was performed at Al-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. Analysis of 8395 spontaneous deliveries, which occurred from 1st of January to 31st of December 2016, sorted by month. We performed one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test on these deliveries during period of lunar cycles. Results: We evidenced an increase in the percentage of deliveries in the Waning Gibbous (15.64%) and the full moon (14.70%). Conclusion and recommendations: Our study displays that birth rates are correlated with the phases of the moon. For this reason, the number of nurses and doctors in obstetric units must be increased during these periods.
Spatial trends in community richness, diversity, and evenness across rocky intertidal environmental stress gradients in eastern Canada

An environmental stress model (ESM) de- veloped by B. A. Menge and J. P. Sutherland and im- proved by other researchers predicts how local-scale rich- ness and diversity (terms often used interchangeably in previous ESM research) should vary with environmental stress. We tested model predictions by surveying all ben- thic producers and consumers across vertical (elevation) and horizontal (wave/ice exposure) stress gradients in rocky intertidal habitats from the Gulf of St. Lawrence (which freezes in winter) and open Atlantic (which does not freeze) coasts of Nova Scotia, Canada. Since local winter conditions are harsher than on most temperate shores studied previously, we made predictions for an in- termediate-to-high range of stress: richness and diversity would be lowest in highly stressful habitats and would increase with decreasing stress. Results matched predic- tions across vertical gradients on both coasts (richness and diversity were negatively related to elevation) and across horizontal gradients on the Gulf coast (richness and diver- sity were negatively related to wave/ice exposure) but not entirely on the Atlantic coast (richness was negatively re- lated to wave exposure, but diversity showed an opposite trend). The spatial changes in evenness explained such differing trends in richness and diversity. Richness and diversity were higher on the Atlantic than on the Gulf of St. Lawrence coast, consistent with the stronger physical stress (winter ice scour) on the Gulf coast. Our study indi- cates that richness and diversity may respond differently to local-scale environmental stress, contrary to common assumptions. To determine the conditions under which such differences might occur, future ESM studies should investigate both variables and also evenness, which to- gether with richness determines diversity.
EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS ON N, P, K, Mg ACCUMULATION AND PLANT GROWTH OF DIFFERENT CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for the growth of citrus plants. A pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse to investigate the citrus cultivars grafted on 10 rootstocks (Cuningmeng, Suanju, Suancheng, Honglimeng, Zhike, Goutoucheng, Xiangyuan, Hongju, Xiangcheng, and Zhicheng) in response to the different phosphorus treatments viz, low P (LP) = 0.01 mmol L −1 , moderate P (MP) = 0.5 mmol L −1 , high P (HP) = 1 mmol L −1 ) concentrations. All P concentrations were employed in pots containing Hoagland solution. The leaves, branch, root, and total dry weight, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium concentrations in the different plant parts were determined. Results showed that P application increased N, P, K and Mg content in different plant parts. With increasing P application, the root dry weight, branch dry weight, leaves dry weight, and total dry weight increased whilst low P treatment affected the P, K, and Mg accumulation in root and ultimately plant growth. Moreover, low P concentrations also affected Mg content in leaves, that can lead to low plant photosynthesis and finally decreased the plant dry biomass
Who benefits from a guided self-help self-compassion training? A randomized controlled trial

This study examined the effects of a guided self-help self-compassion training and explored the moderating role of various demographic variables. Participants with a suboptimal level of well-being were recruited from the general Dutch population and randomized to the self-compassion training (n=121) or a waiting-list control group (n=122). Mixed-ANOVAS and moderator analyses were conducted to examine effects and moderators on pre-to post-and follow-up treatment change of self-compassion and self-criticism scores. Participation in the self-compassion training resulted in significantly larger increases in self-compassion and reductions in self-criticism, compared to the waiting-list control group (effect sizes ηp²=.06-.08). Effects were sustained at follow-up. Results of the moderator analyses were inconsistent. Age moderated the effects of the training on self-criticism. Compared to older adults, younger adults reported significantly larger reductions in self-criticism following the training at follow-up. Level of education moderated the effects of the training on self-compassion. Participants without a university degree reported greater increases in self-compassion following the training at post-intervention, compared to participants with a university degree. Findings suggest that the self-compassion training is effective in improving self-compassion and self-criticism in a heterogeneous population. Future studies should include more formal moderator analyses to be better able to tailor the training to subpopulations.