Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling anaerobic mixed culture fermentations

Esta Tesis contribuye al modelado de fermentaciones anaerobias en cultivo mixto (FCM) con el fin de desarrollar y mejorar tecnologias para fines diversos, entre los que se encuentran la produccion de sustancias con valor de mercado o portadoras de energia o procesos de tratamiento de residuos. En el capitulo 1 se presentan fundamentos de las fermentaciones anaerobias y se describen las biorreacciones mas comunes, con una especial atencion a la energetica y temodinamica de las mismas. Se presentan tambien algunos fundamentos teoricos de modelado matematico. Se presenta una breve historia del modelado de los procesos de digestion anaerobia, donde se observa como la mayoria de los trabajos realizados hasta la fecha se han centrado fundamentalmente en aplicaciones orientadas al tratamiento de aguas residuales o de residuos solidos y no en la obtencion de productos de valor. Existe un interes emergente en los procesos anaerobios de fermentacion con el objetivo de obtener productos con valor de mercado en el que se tenga en cuenta la mecanistica de los fenomenos que rigen estos proceso, para controlar la formacion de productos. En el capitulo 2 de la Tesis se presenta un nuevo y prometedor enfoque para abordar el modelado de procesos de FCM, basado en realidades mecanisticas y en particular orientado hacia la prediccion de la formacion de productos. El cultivo mixto microbiano es considerado como si fuese un microorganismo virtual capaz de llevar a cabo las rutas de fermentacion mas comunes y todo ello implantado en forma de red metabolica. Los productos de fermentacion inicialmente considerados son acetato, propionato, butirato, lactato y etanol junto con hidrogeno y dioxido de carbono y se busca una relacion entre la formacion de unos u otros con las condiciones ambientales de operacion. Se desarrolla un modelo inicial que predice la formacion de productos en funcion de variables ambientales de operacion del cultivo como
Educational and career pathways of dental hygienists: comparing graduates of associate and baccalaureate degree programs.

The purpose of this study was to compare the educational and career pathways of graduates from associate degree (A.S./A.A.) and baccalaureate degree (B.S./B.A.) entry-level dental hygiene (DH) programs. A thirty-item, closed-ended questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 1,352 dental hygienists who were educated and licensed in California between 1990 and 2000. The response rate was 76 percent. Approximately half of the respondents had a degree prior to entering the DH program, and the elapsed time between degrees was greater for A.S. /A.A. graduates (p=0.05). More B.S./B.A. graduates had earned or were seeking master's and other more advanced degrees: 11.9 percent versus 4.3 percent. Graduates from both types of programs were involved in professional and community organizations and held leadership positions. Most were currently practicing in the traditional clinical setting, with means of 3.6 and 3.3 days/week for the A.S. /A.A. and B.S./B.A. graduates, respectively (p<0.05). More B.S./B.A. graduates held DH faculty positions (30.3 percent versus 4.3 percent, p<0.05) and other non-DH teaching positions (14.9 percent versus 8.6 percent, p<0.05) and had greater involvement with research (8.0 percent versus 3.6 percent, p<0.05). The two groups did not differ in regard to other dental and DH-related positions. In conclusion, graduates from B.S./B.A. programs are more likely to have positions in nontraditional settings.
Preventive Intervention Possibilities in Radiotherapy- and Chemotherapy-induced Oral Mucositis: Results of Meta-analyses

The aim of these meta-analyses was to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for the prevention of oral mucositis in cancer patients treated with head and neck radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, with a focus on randomized clinical trials. A literature search was performed for reports of randomized controlled clinical studies, published between 1966 and 2004, the aim of which was the prevention of mucositis in cancer patients undergoing head and neck radiation, chemotherapy, or chemoradiation. The control group consisted of a placebo, no intervention, or another intervention group. Mucositis was scored by either the WHO, the National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC) score, or the absence or presence of ulcerations, or the presence or absence of grades 3 and 4 mucositis. The meta-analyses included 45 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria, in which 8 different interventions were evaluated: i.e., local application of chlorhexidine; iseganan; PTA (polymyxin E, tobramycine, and amphotericin B); granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor/granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF/G-CSF); oral cooling; sucralfate and glutamine; and systemic administration of amifostine and GM-CSF/G-CSF. Four interventions showed a significant preventive effect on the development or severity of oral mucositis: PTA with an odds ratio (OR) = 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39–0.96); GM-CSF, OR = 0.53 (CI: 0.33–0.87); oral cooling, OR = 0.3 (CI: 0.16–0.56); and amifostine, OR = 0.37 (CI: 0.15–0.89). To date, no single intervention completely prevents oral mucositis, so combined preventive therapy strategies seem to be required to ensure more successful outcomes.
Increased Response-time Variability is Associated with Reduced Inferior Parietal Activation during Episodic Recognition in Aging

Intraindividual variability (IIV) in cognitive performance shares systematic associations with aging-related processes, brain injury, and neurodegenerative pathology. However, little research has examined the neural underpinnings of IIV, with no studies investigating brain correlates of IIV in relation to retrieval success. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined links between IIV, recognition memory performance, and blood oxygenation level dependent activations. Nineteen older adults (7079 years) were presented with 80 words at encoding, with brain scans and response latencies obtained during subsequent recognition. An index of IIV, the intraindividual standard deviation (ISD), was computed across successful latency trials. Decreasing ISDs were systematically associated with better recognition, faster latencies, and increased activation in the inferior parietal cortex (BA 40). Demonstrated links between less behavioral variability and parietal activations are consistent with the known importance of the parietal cortex for retrieval success. In support of extant findings and theory from neuroscience, neuropsychology, and cognitive aging, the present results suggest that behavioral IIV represents a proxy for neural integrity.
CD94/NKG2A Expression Is Associated with Proliferative Potential of CD8 T Cells during Persistent Polyoma Virus Infection1

Memory CD8 T cells comprise a critical component of durable immunity because of their capacity to rapidly proliferate and exert effector activity upon Ag rechallenge. During persistent viral infection, memory CD8 T cells repetitively encounter viral Ag and must maintain a delicate balance between limiting viral replication and minimizing immunopathology. In mice infected by polyoma virus, a natural mouse pathogen that establishes long-term persistent infection, the majority of persistence-phase antiviral CD8 T cells express the inhibitory NK cell receptor CD94/NKG2A. In this study, we asked whether CD94/NKG2A expression is associated with Ag-specific recall of polyoma virus-specific CD8 T cells. During the persistent phase of infection, polyoma virus-specific CD8 T cells that express CD94/NKG2A were found to preferentially proliferate; this proliferation was dependent on cognate Ag both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, CD94/NKG2A+ polyoma-specific CD8 T cells have a markedly enhanced capacity to produce IL-2 upon ex vivo Ag stimulation compared with CD94/NKG2A− polyoma-specific CD8 T cells. Importantly, CD94/NKG2A+ anti-polyoma virus CD8 T cells appear to be essential for Ag-specific recall responses in mice persistently infected by polyoma virus. Because of its higher proliferative potential and capacity to produce IL-2, we propose that the CD94/NKG2A+ subpopulation represents a less differentiated state than the CD94/NKG2A− subpopulation. Identification of proliferation-competent subpopulations of memory CD8 T cells should prove valuable in designing therapeutic vaccination strategies for persistent viral infections.
Deep Learning for Accelerated Seismic Reliability Analysis of Transportation Networks

To optimize mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery procedures for infrastructure systems, it is essential to use accurate and efficient means to evaluate system reliability against probabilistic events. The predominant approach to quantify the impact of natural disasters on infrastructure systems is the Monte Carlo approach, which still suffers from high computational cost, especially when applied to large systems. This article presents a deep learning framework for accelerating seismic reliability analysis, on a transportation network case study. Two distinct deep neural network surrogates are constructed and studied: (1) a classifier surrogate that speeds up the connectivity determination of networks and (2) an end‐to‐end surrogate that replaces modules such as roadway status realization, connectivity determination, and connectivity averaging. Numerical results from k‐terminal connectivity analysis of a California transportation network subject to a probabilistic earthquake event demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed surrogates in accelerating reliability analysis while achieving accuracies of at least 99%.
Dietary salt affects biochemical markers of resorption and formation of bone in elderly women.

Case report A 29 vear old nurse was referred to us with a history of recurrent orogenital ulcers since her late teens. The condition had worsened during the previous six years, when it became evident that it was related to her menstrual cycle. Each month she developed small painful red areas in her mouth and vulva around midcycle. These broke down to ulcers within a week. Usually four to six ulcers of about 1 cm diameter appeared at one or both sites. The ulcers healed a week after the menses, the symptoms thus lasting three weeks. She sometimes used aqueous tetracycline suspension with some benefit. There were no other features to suggest a diagnosis of Behcet's disease. The results of haematological and hormonal investigations were normal. She had been taking the combined contraceptive pill since the age of 17. She kept a daily record of her symptoms for three months while taking the contraceptive pill and for three months without the pill. This confirmed the cyclical pattern of the ulcers and showed that the contraceptive pill had no effect on her symptoms. Treatment with dydrogesterone for four months had no effect, although the ulcers no longer appeared in the premenstrual phase but appeared in the postmenstrual
Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori in Bhutan: The Role of Environment and Geographic Location

Bhutan is small mountainous country bordering India and China and consists of four geographic regions, west, east, central, and south. The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection and risk factors associated with in Bhutan are not previously studied. The World Health Organization reported the incidence of stomach cancer to be very high in Bhutan.
AN INITIAL MASS FUNCTION STUDY OF THE DWARF STARBURST GALAXY NGC 4214

The production rate of ionizing photons in young (⩽8 Myr), unresolved stellar clusters in the nearby irregular galaxy NGC 4214 is probed using multi-wavelength Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 data. We normalize the ionizing photon rate by the cluster mass to investigate the upper end of the stellar initial mass function (IMF). We have found that within the uncertainties the upper end of the stellar IMF appears to be universal in this galaxy, and that deviations from a universal IMF can be attributed to stochastic sampling of stars in clusters with masses ⪅103 M☉. Furthermore, we have found that there does not seem to be a dependence of the maximum stellar mass on the cluster mass. We have also found that for massive clusters, feedback may cause an underrepresentation in Hα luminosities, which needs to be taken into account when conducting this type of analysis.
The effect of pore size on tissue ingrowth and neovascularization in porous bioceramics of controlled architecture in vivo

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of pore size on tissue ingrowth and neovascularization in porous bioceramics under the accurate control of the pore parameters. For that purpose, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) cylinders with four different macropore sizes (300–400, 400–500, 500–600 and 600–700 µm) but the same interconnection size (120 µm) and unchangeable porosity were implanted into fascia lumbodorsalis in rabbits. The fibrous tissues and blood vessels formed in scaffolds were observed histologically and histomorphometrically. The vascularization of the porous bioceramics was analyzed by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). It is found that pore size as an important parameter of a porous structure plays an important role in tissue infiltration into porous biomaterial scaffolds. The amount of fibrous tissue ingrowth increases with the decrease of the pore size. In four kinds of scaffolds with different macropore sizes (300–400, 400–500, 500–600 and 600–700 µm) and a constant interconnection size of 120 µm, the areas of fibrous tissue (%) were 60.5%, 52.2%, 41.3% and 37.3%, respectively, representing a significant decrease at 4 weeks (P < 0.01). The pore size of a scaffold is closely related to neovascularization of macroporous biomaterials implanted in vivo. A large pore size is beneficial for the growth of blood vessels, and the diameter of a pore smaller than 400 µm limits the growth of blood vessels and results in a smaller blood vessel diameter.
Spin-Current Manipulation of Photo-Induced Magnetization Dynamics in Heavy Metal/Ferromagnet Double Layer-Based Nanostructures

Spin currents offer a way to control static and dynamic magnetic properties, and therefore, they are crucial for the next-generation magnetoresistive random access memory devices or spin-torque oscillators. Manipulating the dynamics is especially interesting within the context of photo-magnonics. In typical 3d transition metal ferromagnets, such as CoFeB, the lifetime of light-induced magnetization dynamics is restricted to about 1 ns, which, e.g., strongly limits the opportunities to exploit the wave nature in a magnonic crystal filtering device. Here, we investigate the potential of spin currents to increase the spin-wave lifetime in a functional bilayer system, consisting of a heavy metal [8 nm of $\beta $ -Tantalum (Platinum)] and 5 nm CoFeB. Due to the spin Hall effect, the heavy metal layer generates a transverse spin current when a lateral charge current passes through the strip. Using time-resolved all-optical pump-probe spectroscopy, we investigate how this spin current affects the magnetization dynamics in the adjacent CoFeB layer. We observed a linear spin-current manipulation of the effective Gilbert damping parameter for the Kittel mode from which we were able to determine the system’s spin Hall angles. Furthermore, we measured a strong influence of the spin current on a high-frequency mode. We interpret this mode as an exchange dominated higher order spin-wave resonance. Thus, we infer a strong dependence of the exchange constant on the spin current.
Surgical aspects of Behçet's disease

Behçet's disease is an uncommon condition that is managed primarily by medical therapy. Nevertheless, the widespread manifestations of the disease mean that surgeons from many different subspecialties may be involved in the care of patients. This is especially so for the treatment of life‐threatening complications. For this reason the surgeon needs to consider Behçet's disease in the differential diagnosis of many conditions and to be aware of the general principles underlying the surgical care of affected patients.
Hydroperoxide-induced Increases in Intracellular Calcium Due to Annexin VI Translocation and Inactivation of Plasma Membrane Ca2+-ATPase*

Oxidative stress can cause changes in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) that resemble those occurring under normal cell signaling. In the alveolar macrophage, hydroperoxide-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i modulates the respiratory burst and other important physiologic functions. The source of Ca2+ released by hydroperoxide is intracellular but separate from the endoplasmic reticulum pool released by receptor-mediated stimuli (Hoyal, C. R., Gozal, E., Zhou, H., Foldenauer, K., and Forman, H. J. (1996) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 326, 166-171). Previous studies in other cells have suggested that mitochondria are a potential source of oxidant-induced [Ca2+]i elevation. In this study we have identified another potential source of hydroperoxide-releasable intracellular calcium, that bound to annexin VI on the inner surface of the plasma membrane. Translocation of annexin VI from the membrane during exposure to t-butyl hydroperoxide matched elevation of [Ca2+]i as a function of time and t-butyl hydroperoxide concentration. The translocation was possibly due to a combination of ATP depletion and oxidative modification of membrane lipids and proteins. A sustained increase in [Ca2+]i occurring > 50 pmol/106 cells (50 μM under these conditions) appeared to be a consequence of membrane Ca2+-ATPase dysfunction. These results suggest that exposure to oxidative stress results in early alterations to the plasma membrane and concomitant release of Ca2+ into the cytosol. In addition it suggests a mechanism for participation of annexin VI translocation that may underlie the alterations in macrophage function by oxidative stress.
Factors affecting criminal recidivism among participants in the Magistrates Early Referral Into Treatment (MERIT) program in New South Wales, Australia.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS The Magistrates Early Referral Into Treatment (MERIT) program is a diversionary program for people with substance use (primarily illicit drug) problems, based in New South Wales, Australia. The aim of this study was to assess factors relevant to recidivism among MERIT participants. DESIGN AND METHODS A longitudinal study utilising administrative data was conducted. MERIT participants entering the program after 1 August 2004 and with a finalisation date of prior to 31 December 2005 were included in the study. Recidivism records for this cohort were obtained for the period 1 August 2004 and 31 December 2007 and linked to MERIT administrative data. Cox proportional hazards modelling was used to identify predictors of recidivism. RESULTS A total of 1160 MERIT participants were included in the analysis. Compared to non-completers, completion of the MERIT program was associated with a 30% reduction in risk of recidivism. Factors associated with increased risk of recidivism following MERIT included principal drug other than cannabis and higher number of prior convictions. Discussion and Conclusions. Although the design of this study does not permit causal conclusions, these results suggest the MERIT program may be associated with reduced criminal offending. The identification of factors associated with increased risk of recidivism may be helpful in identifying participants in need of higher intensity interventions. [Larney S, Martire KA. Factors affecting criminal recidivism among participants in the Magistrates Early Referral Into Treatment (MERIT) program in New South Wales, Australia.
Common MEFV mutations in Iranian Azeri Turkish patients with Behçet's disease

Objective: Behçet's disease (BD) is an inflammatory disorder of unknown cause with higher prevalence along the ancient Silk Road. BD shares epidemiological and clinical features with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Moreover, association of BD and certain MEFV gene mutations has been described in recent decades. We studied the role of MEFV mutations in Iranian Azeri Turkish patients with BD. Methods: Fifty-three BD patients who met the International Study Group criteria for BD were analysed for five common MEFV mutations (M694V, V726A, M680I, M694I, and E148Q) using amplification refractory mutation system and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction–digestion testing methods. A cohort of 200 healthy Azeri Turkish individuals who had been previously genotyped regarding the five common MEFV mutations served as the control group. Results: Eighteen patients were found to carry a single MEFV mutation and one additional patient was compound heterozygote. There was a statistically significant difference between the patient group and ethnically matched healthy individuals regarding M694V and M680I mutations (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively). Both BD groups (carriers and non-carriers of MEFV mutations) were similar in their clinical symptoms. Conclusion: Definite MEFV mutations seem to be a susceptibility factor for BD in our cohort of Iranian Azeri Turkish patients.
Helminth parasites of Epinephelus morio (Pisces: Serranidae) of the Yucatan Peninsula, southeastern Mexico.

The present paper comprises a systematic survey of helminths from 202 red groupers, Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes) (Pisces: Serranidae), the most important commercial marine fish in the region, collected from ten localities off the Yucatan Peninsula in the Gulf of Mexico during 1994-1996; two more helminth species were recorded from E. morio earlier. Thirty species of helminths were found: Monogenea 1, Cestoda 3, Trematoda 17, Nematoda 8, Acanthocephala 1. Of them, 15 species were adults, whereas 15 species were larval stages parasitizing piscivorous elasmobranch and teleostean fishes, birds and marine mammals as adults. A new didymozoid trematode, Allonematobothrium yucatanense sp. n. , is described from the fins of this host. Most findings represent new host- and geographical records. Philometra margolisi, a nematode parasitizing the gonads, is undoubtedly the most important parasite affecting the reproduction of the host, endangering E. morio in aquaculture. Larval anisakid nematodes (Anisakis, Pseudoterranova, Hysterothylacium) recorded from the red grouper in the region of the southern Gulf of Mexico are important from the viewpoint of public health.
Transfer Subspace Learning Model for Face Recognition at a Distance

— Many machine learning algorithms work under the assumption that the training and testing data are drawn from the same distribution. However, in practice the assumption might not hold. Transfer subspace learning algorithms aims at utilizing knowledge gained in source domain to learn a task in target domain. The main objective of this work is to apply transfer subspace learning framework on face recognition task at a distance. In this paper we identify face recognition at distance as a transfer learning problem. We show that if the face recognition task is modeled as transfer learning problem, the overall classification rate is increased significantly compared to traditional brute force approach. We also discuss a data set which is unique and meant to advance this research. The novelty of this work lies in modeling face recognition task at distance as a transfer subspace learning problem.