Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing User Trust in B2C e-Services

One of the major differences between B2C e-services (Business to Consumer Internet-based services) and the more traditional types of consumer services is that websites of e-services frequently lack the social presence of the physical services. This lack of social presence may impede the growth of B2C by hindering the development of consumer trust in the service provider. Human interaction, or at least the belief that the system has characteristics of social presence, is believed to be critical in the creation of trust. Trust itself is a major issue affecting the phenomenal growth rate of e-commerce, according to industry sources and recent academic studies. This study examines the effect of social presence on consumer trust in e-services and the relative importance of consumer trust in comparison with the widely studied TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) beliefs. In a free simulation experiment, 161 MBA student subjects assessed Travelocity.com, a popular online travel agency. Findings show that social presence, indeed, affects consumer trust and that trust subsequently has a stronger effect on purchase intentions than TAM beliefs. Implications for e-services are discussed in terms of whether the benefits from adopting an IT depend more on website characteristics like usefulness and ease of use or on consumer trust in the vendor. Managing e-services calls for managing the trust that is engendered in the customer experience on the website. Firms that excel in instilling high degrees of social presence in their websites may prosper more than those that do not.
Reproductive performance of field-caught Glossina pallidipes maintained on different host bloods

flics were significantlg different from goat and waterbuck-fed flies. The highest number of puparia produ- ced per 90 females was by rabbit-fed flies (83) whereas tbe lowest was by goat-fed (60) flies. Mortality was high (84-99 %) irrespectire of the group.
Transgressive Segregation and Maternal Genetic Effects of Non–Target Site Fluazifop-P-Butyl Tolerance in Zoysia spp.

Abstract Zoysia germplasm exhibit different levels of sensitivity to fluazifop-P-butyl, but the genetic factors responsible for such differences are unknown. Segregation patterns of the fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance trait were studied under greenhouse conditions. In total, 244 F1 lines were generated from multiple crosses between the tolerant line 5337-2 (non–target site tolerance) and three more-sensitive lines (123, 252, and 5330-23). Progeny segregation showed that fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance within zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) is expressed as a quantitative trait with a wide range of intermediate phenotypes between parental phenotypes. Transgressive segregation was extensive and largely favored susceptibility in most families, but was especially evident for 5337-2 × 123 and 5337-2 × 5330-23. The segregation patterns for biomass reduction and percent injury were different within reciprocal crosses and among three different family crosses. Reciprocal effects were observed in growth reduction for 5337-2 × 5330-23, in percent injury at 3 wk after the treatment (WAT), and for 5337-2 × 252 at 6 WAT. This indicated that fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance was not completely controlled by nuclear genetic factors in 5337-2 and maternal/cytoplasmic inheritance was also partially responsible. These results suggested that fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance may be attributed to multiple genetic mechanisms, which could present a challenge for future breeding efforts because of the difficulty of fixing multiple traits within a breeding population.
Preliminary data on density and habitat of carnivores in two protected areas of Burkina Faso (West Africa)

Abstract Apparent density [determined as kilometric index of abundance (KIA), by direct sightings and by droppings along line transects] and habitat use of some species of carnivore mammals were studied in two protected areas of Burkina Faso (Comoé-Leraba and Nazinga). Despite the fact that the dataset was collected throughout several years and with a very high field effort, the amount of data collected was relatively small, and confined just to a few species. There was no effect of the year on the average KIA estimates of the carnivores at this study area, and data from direct sightings along transects estimated lower densities than those coming from droppings collected along the same transects. In terms of habitat type, shrub savannah represented the best habitat type for carnivores, despite being relatively scarcely available along the line transects when compared with woody savannah (especially for Canis adustus and Civettictis civetta).
Variation in the gut hydrolytic enzymes of legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) feeding on different pulses

Maruca vitrata (Fabricius), commonly known as legume pod borer, is a serious pest in pulses affecting the yield. Liberal use of chemical insecticides to control has resulted in diverse array of insect detoxification enzymes produced by the pest to metabolize these toxic chemicals and develop resistance. Here, we studied the gut hydrolytic enzymes of M. vitrata up on its field exposure to different insecticides in order to have an idea about level of adaptation. Among the larval samples collected from different pulses, the maximum protein content of 547.14 mg was recorded per g of gut sample of legume pod borer, M. vitrata collected from green gram. Total trypsin activity was insignificant in gut samples of larvae collected from different samples. The total chymotrypsin and aminopeptidase activities were found maximum in cowpea of 0.5655 and 0.1184 mM/mL/min/g, respectively. Whereas, the maximum GST activity in lablab populations of M. vitrata (2.3335 mM/mL/min/g). The specific activity of trypsin was maximum in Maruca larval populations from lablab (0.0050 nM/mL/min/mg of protein) and red gram or pigeonpea (0.0049 nM/mL/min/mg of protein) and chymotrypsin activity in cowpea (0.0098 nM/mL/min/mg of protein). The larval samples collected from lablab (0.0052 nM/mL/min/mg of protein) and cowpea (0.0037 nM/mL/min/mg of protein) showed the maximum specific activity of aminopeptidase. Maximum specific GST activity of 0.0325 and 0.0294 nM/mL/min/mg of protein was recorded in larvae collected from lablab and red gram, respectively. Larval samples from black gram ranked the last with respect to the activity of gut enzymes.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA, TOXICIDADE E AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTIBACTERIANA DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DO CRAVO DA ÍNDIA (Syzygium aromaticum)

A especie vegetal do Syzygium aromaticum, conhecida popularmente como Cravo da India, e uma arvore de 12 a 15 m de altura, que pertence a familia das Mirtaceae. No Brasil, a planta e encontrada em regioes quentes, principalmente na regiao do baixo sul da Bahia. Seus botoes florais contem um oleo essencial de grande valor economico no mercado internacional, devido ao elevado teor de eugenol (seu composto majoritario) o qual e largamente usado nas industrias quimicas e farmaceuticas. Neste trabalho, realizou-se a extracao do oleo essencial dos botoes florais secos do cravo da india pelo metodo da hidrodestilacao, utilizando um sistema de Clevenger. Observou-se que o volume maximo de oleo e extraido em um tempo de 4 horas com um rendimento de 3,54 % m/m. Alem dos parâmetros fisico-quimicos como a densidade, indice de refracao, solubilidade, cor e aparencia; foi possivel pela tecnica da cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas identificar com seguranca o eugenol como constituinte majoritario do oleo essencial do Syzygium aromaticum. Pelo metodo da normalizacao foi possivel identificar e quantificar os componentes: eugenol (52,53 %), cariofileno (37,25 %), humuleno (4,11 %), acetato de eugenila (4,05 %) e copaeno (2,05 %). Com a aplicacao do oleo essencial do cravo e do padrao de eugenol no bioensaio com a toxicidade observou-se um grande potencial toxico frente as larvas da Artemia salina. Avaliou-se ainda a atividade antibacteriana do oleo essencial e do padrao de eugenol sobre as bacterias Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella ssp, isoladas de alimentos e agua. O estudo microbiologico revelou que o oleo essencial do cravo da india apresentou uma boa atividade antibacteriana contra as cepas testadas, sendo que o eugenol e o principal responsavel por essa eficacia.
Latent structure discriminative learning for natural language processing

Natural language is rich with layers of implicit structure, and previous research has shown that we can take advantage of this structure to make more accurate models. Most attempts to utilize forms of implicit natural language structure for natural language processing tasks have assumed a pre-defined structural analysis before training the task-specific model. However, rather than fixing the latent structure, we may wish to discover the latent structure that is most useful via feedback from an extrinsic task. The focus of this thesis is on jointly learning the best latent analysis along with the model for the NLP task we are interested in. In this work, we present a generalized learning framework for discriminative training over jointly learned latent structures, and apply this to several NLP tasks. We develop a highaccuracy discriminative language model over shallow parse structures. We demonstrate an efficient algorithm for learning this grammaticality classifier by combining the input of multiple representations of the latent structures. Next, we set forth a framework for latent structure learning for statistical machine translation (SMT), in which the latent segmentation and alignment of the parallel training data inform the translation model. This model jointly optimizes segmentation and alignment for the translation task, novelly learning over latent representations of the input. We also propose a discriminative bilingual topic model over hierarchically structured latent topics, which allows for weighted contributions from more informative inputs and can be optimized for SMT. We apply this model to morphological disambiguation and domain adaptation for SMT. Finally, we give an investigation of large-scale distributed training for structured discriminative models and propose recommendations for distributed computational topologies.
Forest edges, tree diversity and tree identity change leaf miner diversity in a temperate forest

In forests, besides tree diversity, tree identity can determine herbivore species diversity. Herbivore species diversity can also depend on spatial factors, such as edge effects; however, empirical evidence for this remains scarce. Furthermore, patterns in herbivore diversity may differ between forest stand level and responses at individual tree species. It is therefore important to disentangle stand‐level patterns from associational responses specific to certain host species. We studied the effects of edge distance, tree diversity and tree species composition on leaf miner abundance, richness and diversity in temperate forests. We disentangled leaf miners’ responses at stand level from those of miners associated with each of three individual tree species: Quercus robur L. , Quercus rubra L. and Fagus sylvatica L. We found that tree diversity increased stand‐level leaf miner richness and diversity. Fagus sylvatica and stand‐level leaf miner abundance increased closer to edges. This was suppressed at stand level in more diverse mixtures. Underlying tree diversity effects, stand‐level leaf miner metrics are strongly associated with tree species composition, due to many unique species found on F. sylvatica and Q. robur. Additionally, F. sylvatica experienced associational susceptibility to abundance in mixtures with Q. robur. Quercus robur experienced association susceptibility to miner richness in the mixture with Q. rubra. Studying the herbivore community at different spatial scales is a first step towards better understanding tree identity effects underlying tree diversity effects. Our findings emphasise context dependency of positive diversity effects on herbivores in terms of edge effects and tree species composition.
The Representation of Korean and Other Altaic Languages in Artificial International Auxiliary Languages

Korean and other Altaic languages are generally not well represented in artificial international auxiliary languages: the best known such languages (such as Esperanto and Ido) have borrowed almost nothing from them, instead almost exclusively using Indo-European languages as sources. In this paper I will present some auxiliary languages which have taken words and/or parts of their grammar from Altaic languages, looking at which items have been borrowed and in some cases what percentage of the vocabulary they account for. The languages discussed (most of which were created relatively recently) include Ardano, Dousha, Dunia, Konya, Kosmo, Kumiko, Lingwa de Planeta, Neo Patwa, NOXILO, Olingo, Pan-kel, Sambahsa-mundialect, Sona, and Unish. In the cases of most of these languages only a small proportion of the total vocabulary comes from Altaic languages. Further, some of the words said to have been taken from an Altaic language originally came from an Indo-European language. In addition, I will compare the proportion of Korean items to those taken from the other languages of the Altaic family. Overall Korean has been drawn upon less than Japanese, but (not surprisingly) more than Mongolian, Azerbaijani, and Uzbek. Most conclusions are tentative because the vocabularies of most of the auxiliary languages examined have not been fully developed and because often information about sources of words is not given.
Ocins database: a database of bug-busters from Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus

The ocins are antimicrobial polypeptides produced by probiotic microbes, such as Lactobacillus , Enterococcus , Streptococcus , Leuconostoc and Bifidobacterium . They are produced in response to stress and for the self-defense of the bacterium. It is indispensable to understand their mechanistic characteristics, structures, and functions, if the food industry is to reduce contamination levels and produce germfree foods. Databases of the ocins that are readily accessible to the food industry are scarce, but urgently required. Therefore, we established a very useful, unique, and a simple ocin database, which not merely provides information about ocins, but also directs their utilisation in the food industry. The database includes information about each ocin, its amino acid sequence, molecular weight, and isoelectric point. The database also possesses all the currently known ocin (probiotic origin only) sequences and structures, target organisms, and relevant to food industries (aqua culture, dairy and meat industries), which is hard to obtain in other databases. The database is free for public and accessed at http://ocins.cftri. com/ocins/.
Phenylpropanoid Glycerol Glucosides Attenuate Glucose Production in Hepatocytes

An activity-guided fractionation approach revealed several phenylpropanoid glycerol glucosides isolated from the bulbs of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. (Easter lily) with gluconeogenesis inhibitory activities. The strongest activity was observed for (2S)-1-O-p-coumaroyl-2-O-β-d-glucopyranosylglycerol (3), (2S)-1-O-caffeoyl-2-O-β-d-glucopyranosylglycerol (1), and (2R)-1-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-2-O-p-coumaroylglycerol (2) with inhibitions of 51.2, 39.2, and 36.8%, respectively. The p-coumaroyl-based (3) and its acetylated derivative (5) exhibited differential inhibition activity (51.2% as compared to 3.6%), suggesting that natural acetylation decreases the hypoglycemic activity of these compounds. Direct structure–activity analysis of phenylpropanoid glycerol glucosides indicated that the hydroxylation pattern of the hydroxy cinnamic acid moiety and acetylation were responsible for the differences in activity. This is the first report of phenylpropanoid glycerol glucosides as a phytochemical class of hepatic glucose production inhibitors.
Progress and prospects of glucosinolate pathogen resistance in some brassica plants

Plants are constantly defending themselves against an array of assaults by pathogenic organisms. This has led to the evolution of precise and elaborate chemical defense systems involving glucosinolates (GSLs) in cruciferous plants. These GSLs and their hydrolysis products are biologically active and are implicated as enabling formidable plant defense processes in certain economically important members of Brassicaceae like broccoli, cabbage and mustard seed. This review provides a comprehensive report of how indole and aliphatic GSLs mitigate incidents of plant pathogenesis. By evaluating the roles of GSLs in plant-pathogen interaction of some brassica plants, this review highlights the associated mechanism that culminates in disease suppression. Moreover, seven economically important brassica pathogens were reviewed in terms of their ability to disrupt proper plant functioning as well as the mechanisms by which GSLs and their hydrolysis products in Brassica lower the susceptibility to them. Future perspectives of the application of GSLs in plant pathogen resistance using advanced molecular techniques are also discussed.
Single Cell Profiling Reveals Sex, Lineage and Regional Diversity in the Mouse Kidney

Chronic kidney disease affects 10% of the population with notable differences in ethnic and sex-related susceptibility to kidney injury and disease. Kidney dysfunction leads to significant morbidity and mortality, and chronic disease in other organ systems. A mouse organ-centered understanding underlies rapid progress in human disease modeling, and cellular approaches to repair damaged systems. To enhance an understanding of the mammalian kidney, we combined anatomy-guided single cell RNA sequencing of the adult male and female mouse kidney with in situ expression studies and cell lineage tracing. These studies reveal cell diversity and marked sex differences, distinct organization and cell composition of nephrons dependent on the time of nephron specification, and lineage convergence, in which contiguous functionally-related cell types are specified from nephron and collecting system progenitor populations. A searchable database integrating findings to highlight gene-cell relationships in a normal anatomical framework will facilitate study of the mammalian kidney.
Comparative study of in vitro effects of different nanoparticles at non-cytotoxic concentration on the adherens junction of human vascular endothelial cells

Background Effects of different nanoparticles (NPs) exposure at acutely non-cytotoxic concentrations are particularly worthy to figure out, compare, and elucidate. Objective To investigate and compare the effect of a small library of NPs at non-cytotoxic concentration on the adherens junction of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), obtaining new insights of NPs safety evaluation. Materials and methods The HUVECs layer was exposed to NPs including gold (Au), platinum (Pt), silica (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, with different surface chemistry and size distribution. Cellular uptake of NPs was observed by transmission electron microscopy. and the cytotoxicity was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The NP-induced variation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and catalase (CAT) activity was measured using the probe of 2ʹ7’-dichlorodihydr fluorescein diacetate and a CAT analysis kit, respectively. The level of VE-cadherin of HUVECs was analyzed by Western blot, and the loss of adherens junction was observed with laser confocal microscopy. Results The acutely non-cytotoxic concentrations of different NPs were determined and applied to HUVECs. The NPs increased the level of intracellular ROS and the activity of CAT to different degrees, depending on the characteristics. At the same time, the HUVECs lost their adherens junction protein VE-cadherin and gaps were formed between the cells. The NP-induced oxidative stress and gap formation could be rescued by the supplementary N-acetylcysteine in the incubation. Conclusion The increase of intracellular ROS and CAT activity was one common effect of NPs, even at the non-cytotoxic concentration, and the degree was dependent on the composition, surface chemistry, and size distribution of the NP. The effect led to the gap formation between the cells, while could be rescued by the antioxidant. Therefore, the variation of adherens junction between endothelial cells was suggested to evaluate for NPs when used as therapeutics and diagnostics.
Pulmonary natural killer cells control neutrophil intravascular motility and response to acute inflammation

The pulmonary immune system defends a huge surface area directly in contact with the contents of the air we breathe. Neutrophils, the most abundant immune cell in the pulmonary vasculature, are critical to immunity but they are also capable of generating life-threatening pathology. Natural Killer cells are the most highly represented lymphocyte subset in the lung, but relatively little is known about their localization, motility or the specific mechanisms by which they contribute to local homeostasis. Here, we used lung-intravital microscopy to directly visualise and quantify neutrophil and natural killer cell dynamics in the pulmonary vasculature of live mice. This approach revealed unexpected sessile behaviour by intravascular natural killer cells. Interactions with natural killer cells made neutrophils scan the endothelium more slowly over larger distances and reduced the number of neutrophils that accumulated in an LPS-triggered inflammatory challenge. This represents a new paradigm by which natural killer cells contribute to lung physiology by diminishing potentially pathogenic neutrophil accumulation.
Mother centrioles are dispensable for deuterosome formation and function during basal body amplification

Mammalian epithelial cells use a pair of mother centrioles (MCs) and numerous deuterosomes as platforms for efficient basal body assembly during multiciliogenesis. How deuterosomes form and function, however, remain controversial. They are proposed to either arise spontaneously followed by maturation into larger ones with increased procentriole-producing capacity or be assembled solely on the young MC, nucleate procentrioles under the MC’s guidance, and released as procentriole-occupied "halos". Here we show that both MCs are dispensable for deuterosome formation in multiciliate cells. In both mouse tracheal epithelial and ependymal cells (mTECs and mEPCs), discrete deuterosomes in the cytoplasm were initially procentriole-free and then grew into halos. More importantly, eliminating the young MC or both MCs in proliferating precursor cells through shRNA-mediated depletion of Plk4, a kinase essential to procentriole assembly, did not abolish deuterosome formation when these cells were induced to differentiate into mEPCs. The average deuterosome numbers per cell only reduced by 21% as compared to control mEPCs. Therefore, MC is not essential to the assembly of both deuterosomes and deuterosome-mediated procentrioles.
Morpho-Physiological Characters Influencing Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Yield during Drought at Different Flowering Phases

A pot culture study was conducted in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to assess the morpho-physiological characters of different groundnut genotypes viz., CO 7, COGn 4, TMV 7 and TMVGn 13 to water stress at different flowering phases viz., Pre Flowering Drought (PFD) between 1530 DAS, Flowering Drought (FD) between 35-50 DAS and Post Flowering Drought (PoFD) between 75-90 DAS by withholding irrigation and a control was also maintained with irrigation to field capacity for comparison. Observations on various morphological (Plant height and Leaf area) and physiological aspects (Relative water content, SPAD chlorophyll Index and Photosynthetic rate) were studied during stress period and after stress recovery. Among the treatments higher value of morphological and physiological parameters were observed under PFD after recovery and CO 7 performed better followed by TMV 7, TMVGn 13, COGn 4.