Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testing trade-off theory and pecking order theory under managerial overconfidence

Abstract We address our research to the problem of managerial overconfidence and financing behavior. The aim of the paper is, hence, to ascertain the pattern of financing decisions of overconfident managers and identify the relevant capital structure theory (trade-off or pecking order theory) that can be used to explain financing decisions of overconfident managers. We collected a sample of 145 private companies. The degree of overconfidence was distinguished by surveying the managers on overestimation, overplacement, and overoptimism. The financial data covers the period of 2010–2015. We calculated static ratios of capital structure and uncovered the determinants of capital structure. We then unveiled the target debt ratios using Fama and French methodology and identified the difference between target and actual debt ratios. We also calculated the value of deficit and the sources of financing according to Shyam-Sunder and Myers. We found that the companies managed by overconfident managers use higher value of equity and display similar debt ratios. They also utilize reverse pecking order preference—trying to use internal funds and then turning to equity. Moreover, we noted that companies managed by overconfident managers come closer to target debt ratios and implement more risky fixed assets financing strategies. The significance of our research is that we contribute to the understanding of capital structure decisions by taking into account behavioral biases and conducting comprehensive research on both static and dynamic capital structure.
Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos na Informática em Saúde: Desenvolvendo Aplicativos com App Inventor

informática se tornou essencial na área da saúde. Políticas de informatizaçãovem sendo implantadas pelo governo brasileiro para capacitar profissionais e acadêmicos, estabelecendo novas relações com a tecnologia e permitindo idealizar novas aplicações de recursos computacionais. O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar e avaliar uma experiência de ensino baseada na Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos em uma disciplina de Informática Aplicada à Saúde para graduação. Na disciplina, foi proposto o desenvolvimento de aplicativos móveis para a saúde. A turma contou com a participação de 21 alunos que foram avaliados qualitativamente por dois surveys. Todos os alunos completaram a disciplina e relataram um impacto positivo na sua formação. Cinco aplicativos foram construídos e uma nova percepção de tecnologia foi adquirida, 15 estudantes afirmaram estar motivados para aprender novas tecnologias e 16 se consideraram aptos para desenvolver novos aplicativos.
Uniting the Tribes: Using Text for Marketing Insight

Words are part of almost every marketplace interaction. Online reviews, customer service calls, press releases, marketing communications, and other interactions create a wealth of textual data. But how can marketers best use such data? This article provides an overview of automated textual analysis and details how it can be used to generate marketing insights. The authors discuss how text reflects qualities of the text producer (and the context in which the text was produced) and impacts the audience or text recipient. Next, they discuss how text can be a powerful tool both for prediction and for understanding (i.e., insights). Then, the authors overview methodologies and metrics used in text analysis, providing a set of guidelines and procedures. Finally, they further highlight some common metrics and challenges and discuss how researchers can address issues of internal and external validity. They conclude with a discussion of potential areas for future work. Along the way, the authors note how textual analysis can unite the tribes of marketing. While most marketing problems are interdisciplinary, the field is often fragmented. By involving skills and ideas from each of the subareas of marketing, text analysis has the potential to help unite the field with a common set of tools and approaches.
Citomegalovirus y microorganismos periodontopaticos subgingivales en periodontitis crónica y agresiva

Objetivo: Algunos herpesvirus y en especial citomegalovirus (HCMV) han sido implicados en la patogénesis de la enfermedad periodontal y sobrecrecimiento bacteriano a nivel subgingival. El objetivo de esta investigación es describir la frecuencia de detección de HCMV y coinfección con bacterias periodontopáticas en sujetos con periodontitis. Material y métodos: Parámetros clínicos periodontales y muestras de placa bacteriana subgingival fueron tomados de pacientes con periodontitis crónica (28), periodontitis agresiva (5) y sujetos periodontalmente sanos (24). Para detectar y cuantificar HCMV (copies/μL) se utilizó Real Time PCR. La detección de P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, A. actinomycetemcomitans y bacilos entéricos Gram negativos se realizó por medio de cultivo microbiológico. Diferencias entre grupos fueron establecidas por medio de la prueba t de Student y Chi2 (P ≤ 0.05). Resultados: La frecuencia de detección de HCMV fue de 60% en pacientes con periodontitis en contraste con 4.1% en sujetos periodontalmente sanos (P < 0.05). El número promedio de copias de HCMV fue de 635.6 copias/μL en periodontitis vs 6.45E-004 copias/mL en sujetos sanos. Los parámetros periodontales (BOP, PD, CAL) estuvieron aumentados en pacientes HCMV (+) así como la infección por P. gingivalis y T. forsythia. Conclusiones: La detección subgingival de HCMV estuvo asociada con parámetros clínicos aumentados y adicionalmente co-infección entre HCMV y P. gingivalis y T. forsythia puede ser un factor patogénico importante.
Selected classical and novel antiepileptic drugs – mechanisms of action, neuroprotection, and effectiveness in epileptic and non-epileptic conditions

Summary Introduction One of the most common neurological disorders is epilepsy, characterised by recurrent spontaneus seizures. Although not fully efficient in ca 30% of patients, pharmacologic treatment of epilepsy plays an important therapeutic approach not only against epilepsy. Aim To provide data on the mechanism of action, activity and neuroprotective efficacy in experimental conditions, clinical efficacy against epilepsy and non-epileptic diseases of major, classical and newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs – lamotrigine, topiramate, levetiracetam, valproate and carbamazepine). Methods A literature search for publications written in English, preferably published within a period of the last fifteen years, using the key words listed below. Review The majority of AEDs possess more than one mechanism of action. They exert their effect by acting on various receptors (different types of glutamatergic and mainly GABAA receptors), neurotransmitters (mainly glutamate or GABA) and voltage-gated ion channels (sodium or calcium ion channels). All reviewed AEDs possess neuroprotective activity, the weakest being carbamazepine. Apart from epilepsy, AEDs may be also used in the pharmacotherapy of migraine, neuropathic pain, spasticity, psychiatric disorders and Parkinsons’s or Alzheimer’s diseases. Conclusions As highlighted above, around 30% of epileptic patients do not substantially benefit from AEDs. It is possible that rational combinations of AEDs, based upon experimental studies, could improve this outcome. The neuroprotective effects of AEDs may point to their disease-modifying activity.
Hip fracture surgery: reasons for surgical delay

Hip fractures are a common trauma. In 2008 18,500 patients were hospitalized in the Netherlands because of hip fractures. It is expected that, due to the aging population, the incidence of hip fracture patients will rise to approximately 24,000 patients per year in 2025. Because surgical repair is the preferred treatment, this trend will lead to an increase in the number of surgical interventions. To ensure good quality of care for these patients and to reduce the risk of complications, the Dutch Health Care Inspectorate developed in cooperation with health care organizations and professionals the performance indicator ‘percentage of hip fracture surgery within one calendar day’. Research has shown that reducing delays may result in a reduction of mortality and complications. However, for a number of patients it is neither desired nor feasible to undergo surgery within one calendar day, which results in surgical delay. It is not known how frequent and by what cause surgical delay within the hospital Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) occurs. Therefore, it is important to identify and where possible to influence these causes.
Evaluation of state forest institutions in Romania based on the 3L model

Romanian forests account 27.5% of total area and has quite even shares of ownership, 48.5 % state forests and 51.5% private forests. From a total of ~7 million hectares, 3.2 million hectares are state forests managed by State forest administration, 3.8 mil. hectares are managed by private owners or territorial administrative units. This research focuses on the forest policy programs in the contemporaneous context by a performance assessment of the state forest institutions fulfillment of their policy goals. To this end, the 3L Model was using the criteria and indicators approach combined with empirical data from the field (interviews and questionnaires) and available documents, reports, laws etc. The results identify discrepancies between what is on paper and the reality regarding the implementation of forest policy goals, especially regarding cost efficiency of sustained forest stands, as the forests are sustainably managed but with high costs due to lack of forest road infrastructure. Moreover, the forest representation status is clearly challenged, more institutions aspire for the representation of interests in forest which leads to conflicts and bad decision-making. Whilst the state forest administration performance is average, the state authority performance in forestry is relatively low which implies that strengthening of law enforcement is a must in order to mitigate illegal activities in forests and secure property rights protection. A shift towards activating the state forest institutions should be performed by involving all actors in the forest sector and improve the forest policy context through shared representation of the speaker/mediator role. Key words: Romanian forest policy, 3L Model, state forest institutions, management tasks, authority tasks, criteria and indictors, performance evaluation, forest policy.
Dual board governance structure and multi-bank performance: a comparative analysis between Islamic banks in Southeast Asia and GCC countries

This paper aims to examine the effect of dual board governance structure, i.e. Shari’ah supervisory board (SSB) and board of directors (BoD), on the performance of Islamic banks (IBs) in Southeast Asia region versus banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. ,This study uses a sample of 45 IBs over seven countries covering the period of 2007-2015 based on the GMM estimator – First Difference (2-step). ,The findings reveal that SSB and BoD for IBs in both regions are segmented in terms of ROA (negative interaction) and integrated in terms of Zakat ratio (Zakat on equity [ZOE]) (positive interaction) only for Southeast Asia region. Furthermore, SSBs positively affect multi-bank performance in Southeast Asia while its effect is absent for GCC. This suggests that Shari’ah governance practices for IBs in Southeast Asia are stronger compared to GCC IBs. Finally, BoD has a significant association with low ZOE for IBs in both the regions. ,The implications of this research is that the unique agency theory depicted in this study can be inferred when analyzing how dual board structure affects IBs' performance. ,For regulators in both regions, SSBs must be given real power to monitor BoD. They should also balance the number of SSB scholars with experience in Shari’ah, as well as in law, accounting and finance. It is also important that such a balance of scholars with PhD in these areas be required for Southeast Asia IBs. For the GCC’s regulators, CG practices need to be improved by giving due importance to SSB characteristics and BoD structure. ,Though the effects of dual board structure on IBs' performance has been previously examined in the literature, only SSB size has been used as a single proxy of SSB governance. Furthermore, no empirical evidence is recorded to date on this issue in Southeast Asia and the GCC regions. One of the innovations of this paper is the use of multi-bank performance measures in the IBs performance and corporate governance.
The effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy on the structural and material properties of regenerate bone in a rabbit model of limb lengthening

Abstract: A New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit model was used to investigate the effect of cyclical cytotoxic chemotherapy on the structural and material properties of regenerate bone. This attempted to reproduce the biological situation encountered in a human adolescent with a primary malignant bone tumour, treated by surgical resection and either adjuvant or neo-adjuvant cyclical chemotherapy with bone transport to reconstruct the skeletal defect. General Hypothesis It is possible to produce normal bone by distraction osteogenesis in the presence of cyclical cytotoxic therapy. Materials and Methods: Forty immature male rabbits were divided equally into 2 groups. Each received 2 cycles of either cis-platinum / adriamycin or normal saline, with a tibial osteotomy and lengthening at 12-weeks of age. The timing of the cytotoxic drugs differed between groups in an attempt to simulate an adjuvant and neo-adjuvant dose schedule. Results: A reproducible animal model was developed, appropriate doses of cis-platinum and adriamycin were determined and it was demonstrated that surgical lengthening was possible in animals receiving chemotherapy. There were no differences in the physical characteristics of the regenerate or lengthened bone in either arm of the study. In the group that received 2-cycles of chemotherapy before lengthening (neoadjuvant group), there was a significant reduction in bone mineral concentration (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), assessed by dual X- ray absorptiometry (DXA). There was no effect on the structural properties assessed by compression testing In the group that received chemotherapy before and during lengthening (adjuvant group), there was no effect on mineralisation but a reduction in energy to yield and yield strain was demonstrated. Conclusion: These findings should be interpreted with caution, as the animals did not have malignant bone tumours and were given a limited drug regimen. The study did not demonstrate any consistent effect on the properties of regenerate bone but the assessment did not include histological analysis. Further work is needed to investigate the mechanism in which these agents affect distraction osteogenesis and this will require a dynamic assessment of bone formation and more sophisticated analysis of regenerate structure.
Risk Factors of Mortality among Children Admitted with Severe Pneumonia at a Reference Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan

Introduction: Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality among under-five children. Previous studies have documented factors of mortality. These factors were not addressed in this country. This study aimed to determine risk factors of death among children hospitalized for severe pneumonia. Methodology: This cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in Khartoum Children Emergency Hospital among children with severe pneumonia aged 2-59 months from August 2010 to April 2012. Management outcome (died/survived) were recorded within 5 days. History and physical examination were recorded, chest radiograph and a sample of 5 ml of venous blood was collected for white blood cells count, hemoglobin level and serum level of albumin, urea, creatinine and C-reactive protein. Blood samples were cultured in appropriate media. Data were analysed using SPSS software for windows version 16.0. Results: Of the195 recruited children, 33 died (16.9% case fatality). Children who died were younger compared to survivals (n=162) (p<0.001). Malnutrition, dehydration and chest in drawing were frequent among dead compared to survivals; p<0.001, p=0.033 and p=0.017, respectively. The dead had lower mean hemoglobin (p=0.010) and lower mean serum albumin level (p<0.001) and significantly high mean C-reactive protein concentration (p<0.001) and high blood urea (p<0.001). Independent risk factors of mortality were: young age (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.02-1.12), chest in drawing (OR 8.63; 95% CI 2.08-35.83) and history of bronchial asthma (OR 10.31; 95% CI 2.25-47.22), a low concentration of C-reactive protein (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.37-0.66) and increased hemoglobin concentration (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.32-0.49). Conclusions: improvement of management policies and settings of severe pneumonia to decrease mortality. In addition, primary prevention, health education programs and strategies to combat co morbidities. Addressing the risk factors of increased mortality of children with severe pneumonia. These are young age, history of bronchial asthma, high C-reactive protein and anemia.
Express Yourself: Why Managers’ Disclosure Tone Varies Across Time and What Investors Learn from It

We examine the extent to which variation in a given manager’s disclosure tone across time is related to a firm’s cost of capital. In theory, variation in a manager’s tone across time should correspond to the firm’s underlying economic uncertainty. However, managers face incentives to disclose positive information and therefore disclosure tone may not meaningfully reflect a firm’s economic uncertainty. We offer three main findings. First, we find that variation in disclosure tone is positively associated with quantitative measures of firm risk. This suggests that, on average, manager tone variation meaningfully reflects a firm’s economic uncertainty. Second, we find that variation in disclosure tone is positively associated with contemporaneous market-based measures of firm risk. This suggests that investors react to the information conveyed by disclosure tone variation. Finally, we find that variation in disclosure tone is associated with future market-based measures of firm risk. This suggests that investors do not fully incorporate the information conveyed by disclosure tone variation. Overall, our results suggest that managers moderate their tone across time to meaningfully reflect firm risk and that investors do not fully react to this signal.
Pendidikan Islam Multikultur: Relevansi, Tantangan, dan Peluang

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui relevansi, tantangan dan peluang pendidikan Islam Multikultural di Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan agama dan sosiologi. Data penelitian yang diperoleh dari wawancara mendalam, konten dokumen dan dokumentasi akan diolah melalui analisis data model interaktif dari Mile & Hubberman yang terdiri dari langkah reduksi, tampilan, dan verifikasi/ kesimpulan. Adapun hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa terdapat kesesuaian antara nilai multikultural dengan nilai pendidikan dalam perspektif Islam seperti demokrasi, toleransi, keadilan, kesetaraan, menghargai perbedaan dan menjungjung hak asasi manusia. Adapun tantangan dan hambatan dalam merumuskan dan mengadopsi nilai multikultural dalam pendidikan Islam adalah perbedaan persepsi batasan multikultural sebagai sebuah Ideologi, ambigunya batasan toleransi yang berpotensi pada ego-sentrisisme, pemilihan model dan jenis multikultur yang cocok untuk bangsa Indonesia, kecenderungan ekslusifitas pada kelompok homogen, kelayakan dan kesiapan setiap komponen-komponen dari sistem pendidikan Islam. Pengembangan pendidikan Islam multikultur memiliki peluang yang besar dan masih sangat terbuka berdasarkan adanya relevansi dan inherensi konsep multikultural dalam pendidikan Islam. Pengembangan pendidikan Islam berbasis multikultur merupakan respon dan jawaban akan tantangan keragaman, modernisasi, globalisasi, solusi dari banyaknya konflik dan ketegangan- ketegangan bermotif SARA di Indonesia dan sekaligus sebagai wadah pengalihan budaya antar generasi.
An Assessment on the Dietary Attitudes, Stress Level and Nutrient Intakes by Food Record of Food and Nutrition Major Female University Students

This study was performed to investigate the stress level, dietary attitudes and nutrient intakes of Food and Nutrition major female students at a university located in Changwon. A total of 122 female students taking the course 'Meal Management' during 2001-2004 participated in this study. The general characteristics, stress level and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. The nutrient intake data collected from 3-day food-record method were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. The symptoms by stress showed that 'eye strain', 'physically exhausted or get tired' and 'pains on neck or shoulders' were high in 59.4-81.8%. The mean scores of stress in 2001-2004 were 8.5-12.0 out of 30 points and the subjects in 2002 and 2004 scored significantly higher on stress level than the subjects in 2001 did (p , vitamin A and iron were less than 75% of Korean RDA, whereas more than half of the subject, protein, vitamin C and phosphorus intake were more than 125% of RDA, and intake ratio of Ca and P showed an unbalance of 1 : 2. The animal protein intake was higher than the plant protein, whereas the animal vitamin A and iron intake were lower than vegetable food source. In 2001-2004, the index of nutritional quality (INQ) of vitamin and niacin was 0.56-0.98, and in 2003, the INQs of vitamin was 0.56, and that of niacin was 0.67, which was extremely low when compared to that of the other nutrients. Therefore, nutritional education is necessary if female university students are to practice optimal nutrition, including well-balanced diets of high nutritional quality.
Il giudizio di idoneità al rischio da esposizione a radiazioni ionizzanti nei lavoratori con pregressa patologia neoplastica: criteri di valutazione e analisi di una casistica

Introduction: The increase in working age has many epidemiological consequences, one of which is an increased incidence of neoplastic diseases among the working population. Therefore it is more frequent than in the past that the Approved Physician (“Autorizzato” according to Italian legislation) have to judge working fitness in employees suffering from cancer and at the same time exposed to ionizing sources. Aims: In this study we give suggestions for the decision if a worker, who have previously suffered from malignant tumors, is ready to go or not to go back to work. Methods: Though we believe in the preventive theory of the linear correlation without threshold for stochastic effects (“Linear No Threshold” LNT), we considered data from the literature that highlight how very low doses of radiation exposure do not increase the risk of stochastic effects and how the potential occupational exposure to low doses does not introduce a significant additional risk of cancer in subjects with a history of malignant tumor. Results: We identify “objective” elements of judgment related to the neoplastic disease of the worker and his activity, but we emphasize the importance of the psychological condition of the worker, as well as his professional interest and his career opportunities. Conclusions: The criteria we recommend were applied to a group of workers suffering from cancer and with different working activities at risk of exposure to ionizing radiations. The evaluation process is a first rational approach to the assessment of their suitability in worker suffering from neoplastic disease, with the need for custom handling for each individual.