Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A hybrid multiobjective immune algorithm with region preference for decision makers

Recently, one of the main tools of decision maker (DM) preference incorporation in the multiobjective optimization (MOO) has been using reference points and achievement scalarizing functions (ASF). The core idea of these methods is converting the original multiobjective problem (MOP) into single objective problem by using ASF to find a single preferred point. However, many DMs not only interest in a single point but also a set of efficient points in their preferred region. In this paper, we introduce a hybrid multiobjective immune algorithm (HMIA) for DM. It combines the immune inspired algorithm and region preference based on a novel dominance concept called region-dominance without ASF. The new algorithm can let DMs flexibly decide the number of reference points and accurately determine the preferred region with its simple and effective interactive methods. To exemplify its advantages, simulated results of HMIA are shown with some well-known problems.
Free perforation of the small bowel due to regional enteritis

occurs, or at least I have not seen it. ’ At that time only z cases had been recorded and since then only a further 8 have been reported. T w o more cases are now presented and the cause of the perforation discussed. central paramedian incision was made. There was gee pus in the peritoneal cavity and a segment of active Crohn’s disease was found affecting the distal I ft. (30 cm.) of the terminal ileum. A localized perforation was present in this area 24 in. (6.25 cm.) from the ileocaecal valve (Figs. I,
Risperidone in the treatment of acute mania: double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

BACKGROUND Severe mania is life-threatening, carries an increased risk of suicide and has a serious impact on patients and their families. Efficient and rapid control of episodes of acute mania is needed. AIMS To evaluate the safety and efficacy of risperidone monotherapy for acute mania. METHOD In a 3-week, randomised, double-blind trial, 290 in-patients with bipolar I disorder with current manic or mixed episode and a baseline Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score of 20 or more received flexible doses of risperidone (1-6 mg per day) or placebo. RESULTS Risperidone was received by 146 patients and placebo by144. Their mean baseline YMRS score was 37.2 (s.e.=0.5). Significantly greater improvements were observed with risperidone than with placebo at weeks 1 and 2 and at end-point (total YMRS: P <0.01). Extrapyramidal symptoms were the most frequently reported adverse events in the risperidone group. CONCLUSIONS In patients with severe manic symptoms, risperidone produced significant improvements in YMRS scores as early as week 1 and substantial changes at end-point. Treatment was well tolerated.
Differences in biological activity and structural protein VP1 phosphorylation of polyomavirus progeny resulting from infection of primary mouse kidney and primary mouse embryo cell cultures

Both primary mouse kidney and primary mouse embryo cells in culture were used for polyomavirus progeny production. Examination of polyomavirus virion structural integrity revealed that mouse embryo cell progeny contained a threefold greater population of unstable particles when compared with mouse kidney cell progeny. Differences in biological activity between these two progeny virion types were also shown. Mouse kidney cell progeny compared with mouse embryo cell progeny exhibited a 10-fold greater ability to agglutinate guinea pig erythrocytes, a 3-fold lower ability to become internalized into monopinocytotic vesicles, and a 2-fold lower ability to initiate a productive infection based on positive nuclear immunofluorescence when mouse embryo host cell cultures were used. The mouse kidney progeny were also found to bind to host cells less specifically than the mouse embryo cell progeny. When these two progeny virion types were labeled in vivo with 32P and subjected to isoelectric focusing followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophroesis in the second dimension, differences in the phosphorylation pattern of the major virus-encoded structural protein VP1 species were observed. It was revealed that species D and E of mouse kidney cell progeny were phosphorylated to the same degree, while mouse embryo cell progeny species E and F were phosphorylated equally. These data suggest that the host cells play a role in modulating the biological activity of the virus by affecting the degree and site-specific phosphorylation of the major capsid protein VP1 which may influence the recognition of virus attachment proteins for specific cellular receptors.
Synergistic Activation of Caspase-3 by m-Calpain after Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia

The relative contributions of apoptosis and necrosis in brain injury have been a matter of much debate. Caspase-3 has been identified as a key protease in the execution of apoptosis, whereas calpains have mainly been implicated in excitotoxic neuronal injury. In a model of unilateral hypoxia-ischemia in 7-day-old rats, caspase-3-like activity increased 16-fold 24 h postinsult, coinciding with cleavage of the caspase-3 proenzyme and endogenous caspase-3 substrates. This activation was significantly decreased by pharmacological calpain inhibition, using CX295, a calpain inhibitor that did not inhibit purified caspase-3 in vitro. Activation of caspase-3 by m-calpain, but not μ-calpain, was facilitated in a dose-dependent manner in vitroby incubating cytosolic fractions, containing caspase-3 proform, with calpains. This facilitation required the presence of some active caspase-3 and could be abolished by including the specific calpain inhibitor calpastatin. This indicates that initial cleavage of caspase-3 by m-calpain, producing a 29-kDa fragment, facilitates the subsequent cleavage into active forms. This is the first report to our knowledge suggesting a direct link between the early, excitotoxic, calcium-mediated activation of calpain after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia and the subsequent activation of caspase-3, thus representing a tentative pathway of “pathological apoptosis. ”
The stock market reaction towards acquisition announcements in different business cycles

We investigate whether the stock market reaction towards acquisition announcements is dependent on different business cycles. In addition, we examine if the stock market reaction is consistent with predictions in the free cash flow theory (Jensen, 1986) and the overvaluation theory (Myers & Majluf, 1984). Our paper builds mostly on the previous work by Bouwman et al. (2009) which investigates acquisition quality related to different stock market valuations. Thus, we estimate the cumulative abnormal returns for 233 acquisition announcements of publicly listed firms on the Swedish stock exchange between 1997 and 2014. We conclude that there is evidence of a relationship between the stock market reaction and business cycles. We also find that the stock market reaction is consistent with the free cash flow theory and the overvaluation theory regarding that cash acquisitions outperform stock acquisitions. Additionally, our findings indicate that the market perceives acquisitions in high (low) business cycles differently from high (low) stock market states.
Validation of a chart to estimate true Schistosoma mansoni prevalences from simple egg counts

Schistosoma mansoni egg counts by faecal examination vary considerably and are not very sensitive, so prevalences are underestimated. The distribution of egg counts can adequately be described by a stochastic model which distinguishes variation in counts between persons and variation in repeated counts within a person. Based on this model a pocket chart has been developed which predicts the proportion of individuals harbouring at least 1 S. mansoni worm pair – the ‘true prevalence’ – from a simple single survey prevalence and geometric mean egg count (using common duplicate 25 mg Kato–Katz smears). The current paper describes the validation of this chart by comparing predicted true prevalences with prevalences observed after 5–7 repeated Kato–Katz faecal examinations (Burundi), by examination of a large quantity of stool using the Visser filter (Brazil) or a selective sedimentation–filtration method (Surinam). Because 5–7 repeated examinations do not suffice to measure all infections, predictions have been made of the cumulative proportion positives over 5–7 surveys – the ‘approximate true prevalence’ – as well. After dividing the data into age groups, 12 different subsets were considered for validation. In all 12 cases, predicted true prevalences (or approximate true prevalences for the Burundi data) agree well with those observed. The overall agreement depends only slightly on the assumed relationship between worm numbers and mean egg counts, with a good fit for a productivity between 0·8 and 4·4 eggs per gramme faeces (EPG) per worm pair (WP). This interval includes the most plausible value from the literature, i.e. 1·0 EPG/WP, which has been applied in the initial pocket chart. These findings support the validity of the chart to predict true prevalences for a wide range of productivity assumptions, and reinforces the applicability of its underlying stochastic model to describe egg count variation. However, as predictions appear to vary importantly when using only part of the data, it is also concluded that the pocket chart never compensates for limited validity of initial single survey prevalences and geometric means in consequence of small sample sizes.
Upregulation of CXCR4 through promoter demethylation contributes to inflammatory hyperalgesia in rats

Chronic pain associated with inflammation is a common clinical problem, and the underlying mechanisms yet are incompletely defined. DNA methylation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic pain. However, the specific genes regulated by DNA methylation under inflammatory pain condition remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated how chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression is regulated by DNA methylation and how it contributes to inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats.
Temporal Aspects of the VO2 Response at the Power Output Associated with VO2peak in Well Trained Cyclists—Implications for Interval Training Prescription

Abstract The power output achieved at peak oxygen consumption (VO 2Peak) and the time this power can be maintained (i. e., Tmax) have been used in prescribing high-intensity interval training. In this context, the present study examined temporal aspects of the VO2 response to exercise at the cycling power that output well trained cyclists achieve their VO 2peak (i. e., Pmax). Following a progressive exercise test to determine VO 2peak, 43 well trained male cyclists (M age = 25 years, SD = 6; M mass = 75 kg, SD = 7; M VO2 peak = 64.8 ml-kg1 min−1, SD = 5.2) performed two Tmax tests 1 week apart. Values expressed for each participant are means and standard deviations of these two tests. Participants achieved a mean VO 2peak during the Tmax test after 176 s (SD = 40; M = 74% of Tmax, SD = 12) and maintained it for 66 s (SD = 39; M = 26% of Tmax, SD = 12). Additionally, they obtained mean 95% of VO 2peak after 147 s (SD = 31; M = 62% of Tmax, SD = 8) and maintained it for 95 s (SD = 38; M = 38 % of Tmax, SD = 8). These results suggest that 60–70 % of Tmax is an appropriate exercise duration for a population of well trained cyclists to attain VO 2peak during exercise at Pmax. However, due to intraparticipant variability in the temporal aspects of the VO2 response to exercise at Pmax, future research is needed to examine whether individual high-intensity interval training programs for well trained endurance athletes might best be prescribed according to an athlete's individual VO2 response to exercise at Pmax.
Fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws: an analysis of 122 cases in Thailand.

BACKGROUND There are no previously published reports on fibro-osseous jaw lesions in Thailand. The aims of this study were to determine the relative frequencies and the clinicopathologic features of these lesions in Thailand, and to compare these data with information available in the literature. METHODS A total of 122 cases of fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws, out of a total of 4808 biopsy specimens, were collected from the files of the Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, during a 34-year period from 1973 to 2006. Clinical data and histopathologic diagnoses were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS The most common was ossifying fibroma (50.8%), followed by fibrous dysplasia (42.6%). Ossifying fibroma most frequently occurred in the third and fourth decades of life (61.3%) and mostly involved the posterior region of the mandible (41.9%). Fibrous dysplasia was mostly seen in the second decade of life (40.4%). The maxilla was involved far more often than the mandible (53.8% and 6.2%, respectively), most common in the posterior region of the maxilla (28.8%). Both lesions presented as painless swellings (62.9% and 90.4%, respectively). Radiographically, ossifying fibroma mostly was mixed radiolucent-radiopacity (45.2%). Fibrous dysplasia mostly appeared as a radiopaque lesion (34.6%). CONCLUSIONS The relative frequency of osseous dysplasia is underestimated because most lesions are not treated and the patients are kept under long-term follow-up without biopsy. The clinicopathologic features of ossifying fibroma and fibrous dysplasia in Thailand are identical to those in the literature.
Two new endemic tree species from Puerto Rico: Pisonia horneae and Pisonia roqueae (Nyctaginaceae)

Abstract In this paper, we describe two endemic tree species of Pisonia (Caryophyllales: Nyctaginaceae) from Puerto Rico that were erroneously catalogued under the single name Pisonia subcordata var. typica f. gigantophylla, misidentified as P. albida or P. subcordata, and informally named as “P. borinquena” and “P. woodburyana”. The species here named as P. horneae is a rare to locally occasional tree from low elevations in the Northern Karst and the Sierra de Cayey. The other species, here named as P. roqueae, is a rare to locally common tree from mid to high elevations in the Central Mountain Range and the Luquillo Mountains. We provide an account of the taxonomical and nomenclatural history of both species, images, conservation notes, a distribution map, and a key to distinguish the species of Pisonia present in Puerto Rico.
Families of Children Newly Diagnosed With Cancer Incur Significant Out-of-Pocket Expenditure for Treatment: Report of a Multi-Site Prospective Longitudinal Study From India (INPOG-ACC-16-01)

Background: Diagnosis of cancer in a child places considerable economic burden on families. The health expenditures are more catastrophic in resource limited countries like India where GDP spend on health is just over 1% and financing of treatment is usually out-of-pocket (OOP). Consequently parents may abandon their child's cancer treatment to ensure financial sustainability of the family. Research in this area is mostly from resource rich countries and OOP expenditure burden remains unknown in India. Aim: The objective of this study is to describe the OOP expenditure incurred by families of children (< 18 years age) with cancer being treated in India prior to and during cancer directed treatment. Methods: A prospective cost of illness study from a family household perspective was conducted in 14 centers (5 public, 5 private and 4 charitable trust sector) in 4 cities in India from 2016-2018. Baseline family demographic and socioeconomic data were collected followed by OOP expenditure incurred prior to start of treatment. For the duration of the child's treatment, a social worker contacted parents at regular intervals to record their expenditure on cancer directed treatment. Data collection was stopped when one of these happened - completion of treatment or death or progression/relapse or abandonment or transfer. Data were described descriptively and a univariate/multivariate analysis using logistic regression was done to detect factors associated with OOP expenditure. Results: 394 children (63% male, median age 5 years) with cancer (64% leukemia/lymphoma, 33% solid tumors, 3% CNS tumors) were enrolled from public (45%), charitable trust (28%) and private (27%) sector hospitals. They were symptomatic for a median duration of 6 weeks (range 0 to 104 weeks). 88% had no insurance and 73% were from families with monthly income of ≤ 10,000 rupees (≤ 159 US$). Mean OOP expenditure was Rs 209,500 (3325 US$) which is 195% of per capita income (1706 US$) of India. OOP expenditure from onset of symptoms to start of treatment was Rs 53,104 (843 US$) of which 77% was medical (15% laboratory tests, 11% medicines, 9% hospital bed costs) and 23% nonmedical (12% travel, 6% food, 3% lodging). OOP expenditure on cancer directed treatment was Rs 156,396 (2482 US$) of which 64% was medical (9% hospital bed costs, 9% supportive care drugs, 8% laboratory tests) and 36% nonmedical (19% food, 9% travel, 6% lodging). On univariate analysis age, gender, city, type of treatment facility, insurance, type of cancer, driving time and distance were significantly associated with OOP expenditure but only insurance and type of treatment facility were found significant on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Families of children with cancer incur significant OOP expenditure prior to and during cancer directed treatment, which includes a significant portion on nonmedical expenses. Expenditure varied significantly by insurance and type of treatment facility.
Modelisation markovienne de l'ecriture manuscrite application a la reconnaissance des adresses postales

Nous decrivons dans ce document une nouvelle methode de modelisation de l'ecriture pour la reconnaissance de mots ou de locutions manuscrites. La technique proposee consiste a realiser une caracterisation statistique de l'ecriture fondee sur les modeles de markov. Le systeme mis au point appartient a la famille des systeme omni-scripteur de reconnaissance hors-ligne des mots manuscrits sans contrainte dans un vocabulaire ouvert mais limite dynamiquement. Le caractere reel de l'application nous expose a plusieurs difficultes telles que la presence de tous les types d'ecriture possibles (baton, cursif, mixte), la variation dans les styles d'ecriture (ecriture penchee, taille variable, etc. ), le phenomene frequent des variantes d'ecriture, ou encore les erreurs des scripteurs lors de la redaction d'une phrase ou d'un mot. En revanche, l'application admet quelques caracteristiques positives qui facilitent la tache de reconnaissance. Notamment, les locutions sont composes de plusieurs mots, et sont donc codes sur plusieurs caracteres. Cette redondance reduit considerablement l'ambiguite entre les formes soumises a la reconnaissance. D'autre part, des phrases differentes possedent rarement des mots communs, ce qui augmente les chances de discrimination entre les differents candidats. Nous fondons notre systeme sur une approche de segmentation basee sur la reconnaissance guidee par lexique et utilisant les modeles de markov caches. Cette approche admet un caractere global en ce sens qu'elle privilegie les decisions douces par rapport aux decisions dures. La modelisation markovienne permet d'integrer plusieurs niveaux de connaissance au sein d'une representation unique. Ces niveaux correspondent a la reconnaissance au niveau caractere, au niveau mot, aux connaissances a priori sur le langage de l'application consideree, etc. Les differentes etapes du systeme interagissent pour delivrer une decision lors de la reconnaissance. Pour valider notre methode, nous avons developpe un systeme complet pour la reconnaissance des mots manuscrits dans les adresses postales. Ce systeme permet de reconnaitre et de localiser conjointement le nom de voie dans une ligne de distribution et possede la capacite d'etablir une decision de rejet en cas d'ambiguite ou si la ligne traitee ne correspond pas a une ligne de distribution. Les tests d'evaluation sur des images obtenues a partir des enveloppes du courrier reel donnent des resultats tres encourageants et prouvent la robustesse de notre systeme. Dans la premiere partie de ce rapport, nous donnons une vue generale du probleme de la reconnaissance de l'ecriture manuscrite en discutant les problemes rencontres et les differentes approches utilisees dans le domaine. La seconde partie decrit dans l'ordre chronologique les differentes phases de traitement qui composent notre systeme : les pretraitements, la segmentation des mots en caracteres, l'extraction de primitives et la reconnaissance.
External versus endoscopic approach in the management of 131 sinonasal inverted papillomas.

BACKGROUND Incidence of inverted Papilloma (IP) is around 0.5% to 4% of all nasal tumours. It is characterised by its propensy for local invasiveness, recurrence and malignant transformation. The treatment of reference is surgery. The aim of our study was to compare our oncologic outcome and morbidity between the open and the endoscopic approach to remove inverted papillomas. MATERIAL AND METHOD This retrospective study includes all primary and benign cases operated between 1985 and 2012. We assessed epidemiologic data, medical history, tumour location, morbidity of treatment, pathological outcomes, patient's follow-up and rate of recurrence. The mean time of surgery, of follow-up and recurrence delay were compared. RESULTS 131 patients were included: 77 operated by lateral rhinotomy or mid-facial degloving and 54 by endoscopic approach (± associated with a limited Caldwell-Luc or a frontal incision). The mean time of surgery for the endoscopic approach was 76 ± 46 min (10-240 min) vs 163 ± 46 min (60-300 min) for the open approach (p< 10(-5)). The uncinate process was included in most of the IP (97/131; 74%), including its horizontal and/or vertical parts. The mean follow-up in endoscopic group was 43 ± 32 months (12-177 months) vs 73 ± 48 months (12-221 months) for the open approach group (p< 10(-4)). The recurrence rates are not significantly different for both groups: 9% (7/77) after open approach vs 7.4% (4/54) after endoscopic approach (p> 0.05). Also, the mean delay of recurrence was not different between both group (p> 0.05) and the propensy of recurrence didn't depend on the degree of dysplasia. There were fewer complications in the endoscopic group (13%) than in the open approach group (57%). CONCLUSION According to several authors we found no statistical difference on the oncological outcome between surgery via open versus endoscopic approach to remove IP. Endoscopic surgery offers less complications and morbidity than external approach.
Physically Based Sound Synthesis and Control of Footsteps Sounds

We describe a system to synthesize in real-time footsteps sounds. The sound engine is based on physical models and physically inspired models reproducing the act of walking on several surfaces. To control the real-time engine, three solutions are proposed. The first two solutions are based on floor microphones, while the third one is based on shoes enhanced with sensors. The different solutions proposed are discussed in the paper.
Strategies for Promoting Early Activity in Critically Ill Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Prolonged immobilization plays a significant role in neuromuscular abnormalities and complicates the clinical course of a majority of critically ill patients. Immobilization in critically ill patients is associated with significant morbidity and impaired physical function. Overuse of sedation, sleep deprivation, immobility, and the development of delirium are all intensive care unit (ICU) factors that may negatively impact patient outcomes. Ambulation of critically ill patients is difficult with risk for adverse events. However, with a dedicated and trained team and culture change, early ICU mobility can be a feasible and safe process. Early mobility has potential as a therapy to prevent or treat the neuromuscular complications of critical illness. ICU culture can be transformed in a way that leads to improved and more reliable treatments and care, including early activity and mobility.