Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An integrated occupancy and space‐use model to predict abundance of imperfectly detected, territorial vertebrates

It is often highly desirable to know not only where species are likely to occur (i.e. occupancy) but also how many individuals are supported by a given habitat (i.e. density). For many animals, occupancy and density may be determined by distinct ecological processes. Here we develop a novel abundance model as the product of landscape‐scale occupancy probability and habitat‐scale density given occupancy. One can conceptualize our model as fully packing a landscape with home ranges or territories based on habitat quality, and then subtracting territories based on a probabilistic process that accounts for the fact that species rarely exhibit full occupancy across heterogeneous landscapes. The model is designed to predict abundance at fine spatial scales, using resolutions equal to or smaller than a single home range or territory. We demonstrate this model on the Black‐backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus), a species of management concern linked to post‐fire forests. Occupancy is derived from a regional monitoring effort, while density given occupancy comes from a telemetry study of variation in territory size. A Bayesian framework is used to combine independent occupancy and home‐range size models and predict abundance of Black‐backed Woodpeckers at 4 fires that burned in 2012 or 2013. Predictions are evaluated with independently collected survey data, showing that the model is successful at predicting both absolute abundance at fires as well as relative abundance within and among fires. The conceptual model presents a promising new framework for fine‐scale modelling of density and abundance for other territorial yet elusive species. Telemetry and occupancy data are widely collected for many species, but rarely utilized in combination, and the ecological exploration of the factors that determine occurrence versus home‐range size may provide useful biological insight. As applied to the Black‐backed Woodpecker, the model provides a tool for resource managers to explore trade‐offs in retaining burned forest habitat versus managing for other post‐fire goals, such as salvage logging or reforestation efforts that require snag removal.
Assessment on effective factors of maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women

Knowing about prenatal attachment is very important, because it plays an important role in the health of pregnant women, their babies and positive adaptation to motherhood. The purpose of the present study is to define the effective variables influence on maternal fetal attachment (MFA). This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 386 pregnant women in 9 Health Center. The instrument used for data collection are: Cranley MFA scale, Beck depression scale, Spielberger state anxiety inventory, Rosenberg self-esteem scale and social support form. The data was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 14. Effective factors were, planning of pregnancy, marital satisfaction and interest in the partner. Mothers with lower depression and anxiety, had higher MFA scores. This information will guide the midwives and obstetrics to identify MFA during pregnancy and help promote MFA by engaging mothers in positive health practice. (Elieh Abasi, Homaira Tahmasebi, Mandana Zafari, Gholamreza, Nasiri Takami. Assessment on effective factors of maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women. Life Sci J 2012;9(1s):68-75) (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com . 12
Comparative Studies of Rubia cordifolia L. and its Commercial Samples

Rubia cordifolia L. (Family Rubiaceae), is a common medicinal plant used in the preparation of different formulations in Ayurveda. The root of the plant is commonly known as Manjistha and its dried samples are sold in the market under the name Manjith. The present study was carried out to compare the authentic sample from its commercial samples keeping in mind the pharmacopoeial standards of Ayurveda. The quantitative phytochemical studies of the drug samples were carried out by studying the percentage of ash, extractive values and qualitative screening was carried out by Thin Layer Chromatography and different biochemical tests. Thus, the present work aims in forming certain parameters for identification of drug with the help of various phytochemical observations.
Mental fatigue as a conditioner of the tactical and physical response in soccer players: a pilot study

Purpose. the aim of the study was to verify the effect of mental fatigue on tactical actions quality and the intensity of covered distance in soccer players. Methods. Six U-15 male soccer players participated in this study (14.7 ± 0.59 years of age). For data collection, the FUtSAt and GPSports® (SPI-HPU) systems were applied. to induce mental fatigue, the Stroop task was used for 20 minutes. the individuals were evaluated in 2 conditions: mental fatigue and control (with and without the Stroop task). Statistical analysis was performed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test, and Wilcoxon test. Results. the results displayed significant differences in actions related to principles of balance (p = 0.02), defensive unity (p < 0.01), and total defensive actions (p = 0.02), as well as in the covered distance in intensity related to zones 3 (p = 0.03) and 6 (p < 0.01). In mental fatigue, the players revealed a decrease in tactical action quality referring to movements that aimed at numerical stability in relations of opposition and at defending in unity and in block, and covered greater distances in zones 3 and 6. Conclusions. Mental fatigue modified the players’ movement dynamics on the pitch with reference to the quality of tactical actions and covered distance intensity.
Identifying the Optimal Offshore Areas for Wave Energy Converter Deployments in Taiwanese Waters Based on 12-Year Model Hindcasts

A 12-year sea-state hindcast for Taiwanese waters, covering the period from 2005 to 2016, was conducted using a fully coupled tide-surge-wave model. The hindcasts of significant wave height and peak period were employed to estimate the wave power resources in the waters surrounding Taiwan. Numerical simulations based on unstructured grids were converted to structured grids with a resolution of 25 × 25 km. The spatial distribution maps of offshore annual mean wave power were created for each year and for the 12-year period. Waters with higher wave power density were observed off the northern, northeastern, southeastern (south of Green Island and southeast of Lanyu) and southern coasts of Taiwan. Five energetic sea areas with spatial average annual total wave energy density of 60–90 MWh/m were selected for further analysis. The 25 × 25 km square grids were then downscaled to resolutions of 5 × 5 km, and five 5 × 5 km optimal areas were identified for wave energy converter deployments. The spatial average annual total wave energy yields at the five optimal areas (S1)–(S5) were estimated to be 64.3, 84.1, 84.5, 111.0 and 99.3 MWh/m, respectively. The prevailing wave directions for these five areas lie between east and northeast.
IMPLICIT CONTRAST AND EXPLICIT ASSIMILATION EFFECTS FOLLOWING SUBTLE

This study investigated the different effectiveness of subtle and blatant advertising on implicit and explicit attitudes. We hypothesized that the same commercial message could change both explicit and implicit attitudes toward the advertised brand, and that explicit changes would last longer than implicit ones. Sixty-two undergraduate psychology students were involved in the study for no reward. Participants were chosen according to their preference for one of two major competing brands of cola. We used a mixed factorial design, manipulating between subjects the type of advertisement that participants watched (subtle, blatant, control) and within subjects the time when measures of implicit and explicit attitudes were taken. The study followed a prepost-test design with a follow-up (third session) after 48 hours. Results partially supported our hypotheses. At the explicit level, subtle advertising was assimilated, while blatant advertising had no effect. Explicit assimilation even increased after 48 hours. At the implicit level, blatant advertising produced a short-term contrast effect, while subtle advertising had no effect.
Antimicrobial Evaluation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus AureusNasal Carriage amongst Healthy Students in Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria

The antibacterial susceptibility of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the nostrils of students of College of Education Agbor, Nigeria was investigated. Three hundred (300) specimens was collected from 150 male and 150 female students and cultured on appropriate bacteriological media. The bacterial isolates (S. aureus) were identified by standard biochemical tests. The MRSA was determined using Oxacillin antibiotic disk. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was performed according to Clinical Laboratory Standard testing Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Of the 300 nasal swab samples collected and screened, a total 218 (72.7%) of the isolates were found to be S. aureus based on morphology and biochemical tests. The incidence rate from female to male individuals were 103 (68.6%) and 115 (76.6%) respectively. The prevalence rate/ colonization of MRSA among healthy individuals in the community of the S. aureus isolated was 56 (18.7%). The antibiotic resistant pattern of the MRSA isolates was: Amoxicillin 30 (54%) > Streptomycin 25 (45%) >Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 14 (25%), >Erythromycin 13 (23%) >Chloramphenicol 12 (21%),> Co-trimoxazole 10 (18%),>Ofloxacin 8 (13%),> Ciprofloxacin 9 (16%) > Gentamicin 5 (9%). The MRSA isolates showed multiple drug resistance to the beta-lactam and other commonly used antibiotics.
Combined Chelation Therapy and Survival of Beta-Thalassemia Major: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: There recently are multiple different iron-chelation regimens among thalassemia patients in Iran. The aim of our study was evaluated the efficacy of combined chelation therapy on survival time of the beta-thalassemia major patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on 667 beta-thalassemia major patients in Shiraz, Iran. Using a predetermined checklist data were collected from their medical records. For analysis, patients were divided into two groups (exposure variable); one drug (single-agent therapy) and two or more drugs (combination therapy). Dependent variable is survival time following combination therapy. We used Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards model to identify the effect of combined therapy against mortality of the patients. Results: Both crude (HR=0.30, 95%CI: 0.19, 0.43) and adjusted (HR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.86) hazard ratios showed that combination therapy was significantly associated with decreased risk of mortality. The 10-year, 20-year and 40-year survival rates for patients with combination therapy were 99%, 93% and 78%, respectively. However, the 10-year, 20-year and 40-year survival rates for patients receiving single agent therapy were 98%, 74% and 47%, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the combination therapy is associated with lower risk of mortality. Future prospective studies are needed in future to examine this association to achieve the maximum accuracy of the results.
Significance of tree roots for preferential infiltration in stagnic soils

Abstract. It is generally recognized that roots have an effect on infiltration. In this study we analysed the relation between root length distributions from Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst), silver fir (Abies alba Miller), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and preferential infiltration in stagnic soils in the northern Pre-Alps in Switzerland. We conducted irrigation experiments (1 m2) and recorded water content variations with time domain reflectometry (TDR). A rivulet approach was applied to characterise preferential infiltration. Roots were sampled down to a depth of 0.5 to 1 m at the same position where the TDR-probes had been inserted and digitally measured. The basic properties of preferential infiltration, film thickness of mobile water and the contact length between soil and mobile water in the horizontal plane are closely related to root densities. An increase in root density resulted in an increase in contact length, but a decrease in film thickness. We modelled water content waves based on root densities and identified a range of root densities that lead to a maximum volume flux density and infiltration capacity. These findings provide convincing evidence that tree roots in stagnic soils represent the pore system that carries preferential infiltration. Thus, the presence of roots should improve infiltration.
Robust estimation of hydrological model parameters

The estimation of hydrological model parameters is a challenging task. With increasing capacity of computa- tional power several complex optimization algorithms have emerged, but none of the algorithms gives a unique and very best parameter vector. The parameters of fitted hydrological models depend upon the input data. The quality of input data cannot be assured as there may be measurement errors for both input and state variables. In this study a methodology has been developed to find a set of robust parameter vectors for a hydrological model. To see the effect of observational error on parameters, stochastically generated synthetic mea- surement errors were applied to observed discharge and tem- perature data. With this modified data, the model was cal- ibrated and the effect of measurement errors on parameters was analysed. It was found that the measurement errors have a significant effect on the best performing parameter vector. The erroneous data led to very different optimal parameter vectors. To overcome this problem and to find a set of robust parameter vectors, a geometrical approach based on Tukey's half space depth was used. The depth of the set of N ran- domly generated parameters was calculated with respect to the set with the best model performance (Nash-Sutclife ef- ficiency was used for this study) for each parameter vector. Based on the depth of parameter vectors, one can find a set of robust parameter vectors. The results show that the parame- ters chosen according to the above criteria have low sensitiv- ity and perform well when transfered to a different time pe- riod. The method is demonstrated on the upper Neckar catch- ment in Germany. The conceptual HBV model was used for this study.
Regional Scale Determinants of Nutrient Content of Soil in a Cold-Temperate Forest

The effect of climatic factors on soil nutrients is significant. Identifying whether soil nutrients respond to local climate and how the forest types modulate this responsiveness is critical for forest management. Therefore, six soil nutrients from five main forest types found for a range of sites within the Daxing’an Mountains, China, were investigated. Climatic factors were obtained from the WorldClim dataset. Pearson correlations and stepwise regressions were employed to elucidate and model the response of the six soil nutrients to the four different climatic factors in this study. On the whole, climate was correlated with all the nutrients. Further, from stepwise regressions, climatic factors could affect soil nutrients in distinct forests. Our findings suggest that climatic factors are instrumental in affecting soil nutrients in different forest types. Identifying the relationships between soil nutrients, climatic factors and forest types, as suggested in this research, can provide theoretical foundations to further comprehend nutrient cycling in the forest ecosystem.
Adoption of the Automatic Milking System by Swedish Milk Producers

This study uses survey data on Swedish milk producers, comprising adopters and nonadopters of an automatic milking system (AMS), to comprehensively investigate various aspects of the adoption decision. The results show that farmers report non-profit-related reasons as the most important for the decision to adopt an AMS, whereas profit-related reasons are the most important for the decision not to adopt the AMS. Despite problems with profitability, over 90 per cent of the AMS farmers would recommend the AMS to other milk producers. A probit estimation of the probability of investing in an AMS finds positive effects of AMS adoption in the social network, positive beliefs of future profitability and existence of a successor, and negative effects of age, experience, education, share of tenured land and regular use of advisors. JEL Classification: O33, Q12, Q16
When a Foundation Crumbles: Forecasting Forest Dynamics Following the Decline of the Foundation Species Tsuga Canadensis

In the forests of northeastern North America, invasive insects and pathogens are causing major declines in some tree species and a subsequent reorganization of associated forest communities. Using observations and experiments to investigate the consequences of such declines are hampered because trees are long-lived. Simulation models can provide a means to forecast possible futures based on different scenarios of tree species decline, death, and removal. Such modeling is particularly urgent for species such as eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), a foundation species in many northeastern forest regions that is declining due to the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae). Here, we used an individual-based forest simulator, SORTIE-ND, to forecast changes in forest communities in Central Massachusetts over the next 200 yr under a range of scenarios: a no-adelgid, status quo scenario; partial resistance of hemlock to the adelgid; adelgid irruption and total hemlock decline over 25 yr, adelgid irruption and salvage logging of hemlock trees; and two scenarios of preemptive logging of hemlock and hemlock/white pine. We applied the model to six study plots comprising a range of initial species mixtures, abundances, and levels of hemlock dominance. Simulations indicated that eastern white pine, and to a lesser extent black birch and American beech, would gain most in relative abundance and basal area following hemlock decline. The relative dominance of these species depended on initial conditions and the amount of hemlock mortality, and their combined effect on neighborhood-scale community dynamics. Simulated outcomes were little different whether hemlock died out gradually due to the adelgid or disappeared rapidly following logging. However, if eastern hemlock were to become partially resistant to the adelgid, hemlock would be able to retain its dominance despite substantial losses of basal area. Our modeling highlights the complexities associated with secondary forest succession due to ongoing hemlock decline and loss. We emphasize the need both for a precautionary approach in deciding between management intervention or simply doing nothing in these declining hemlock forests, and for clear aims and understanding regarding desired community- and ecosystem-level outcomes.
Enhancing Perceptual-Motor Accuracy through Flotation REST

Previous studies using flotation Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique (REST) to enhance motor performance have focused on relatively gross arm and leg movements and have combined the technique with a variety of imaginal practice and relaxation training procedures. This study independently varied REST and an imaginal training and relaxation script to improve accuracy among novice, intermediate, and expert darts players. REST by itself and REST combined with the script were equally effective in enhancing performance (M change about +12%). The imagery script alone and a no-treatment control condition resulted in no change on test-retest measures. The results indicate that in the area of perceptual-motor coordination, REST is not merely a potentiator of other techniques, but a useful and efficient unimodal intervention, which takes a short time and does not require further rehearsal or repetition.
Chemical nature of soil humified fractions and their bioactivity

The aim of this work was to evaluate the humus composition from an Ultisol from Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. Soil samples of four depths (0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m) and its chemical nature were analysed by elemental composition, E4/E6 ratios and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The bioactivity of these humified substances was evaluated through their action on maize root growth and H + -ATPase activity of roots microsomes. In topsoil, the content of high condensed alkaline soluble humic substances is greater than that found in the subsuperficial layers. The chemical nature of humic and fulvic acids also varied with the soil depth. The humic acids isolated from the soil samples exhibited higher bioactivity compared with the fulvic acids. Moreover, the results suggest that more condensed humic substances can promote highest stimulation of the microsomal H + -ATPases from maize roots. These data reinforce the concept that the activity of the H + pumps can be used as a biochemical marker for evaluation of humic substances
Testing alternative uses of electromagnetic data to reduce the prediction error of groundwater models

Abstract. In spite of geophysics being used increasingly, it is often unclear how and when the integration of geophysical data and models can best improve the construction and predictive capability of groundwater models. This paper uses a newly developed HYdrogeophysical TEst-Bench (HYTEB) that is a collection of geological, groundwater and geophysical modeling and inversion software to demonstrate alternative uses of electromagnetic (EM) data for groundwater modeling in a hydrogeological environment consisting of various types of glacial deposits with typical hydraulic conductivities and electrical resistivities covering impermeable bedrock with low resistivity (clay). The synthetic 3-D reference system is designed so that there is a perfect relationship between hydraulic conductivity and electrical resistivity. For this system it is investigated to what extent groundwater model calibration and, often more importantly, model predictions can be improved by including in the calibration process electrical resistivity estimates obtained from TEM data. In all calibration cases, the hydraulic conductivity field is highly parameterized and the estimation is stabilized by (in most cases) geophysics-based regularization. For the studied system and inversion approaches it is found that resistivities estimated by sequential hydrogeophysical inversion (SHI) or joint hydrogeophysical inversion (JHI) should be used with caution as estimators of hydraulic conductivity or as regularization means for subsequent hydrological inversion. The limited groundwater model improvement obtained by using the geophysical data probably mainly arises from the way these data are used here: the alternative inversion approaches propagate geophysical estimation errors into the hydrologic model parameters. It was expected that JHI would compensate for this, but the hydrologic data were apparently insufficient to secure such compensation. With respect to reducing model prediction error, it depends on the type of prediction whether it has value to include geophysics in a joint or sequential hydrogeophysical model calibration. It is found that all calibrated models are good predictors of hydraulic head. When the stress situation is changed from that of the hydrologic calibration data, then all models make biased predictions of head change. All calibrated models turn out to be very poor predictors of the pumping well's recharge area and groundwater age. The reason for this is that distributed recharge is parameterized as depending on estimated hydraulic conductivity of the upper model layer, which tends to be underestimated. Another important insight from our analysis is thus that either recharge should be parameterized and estimated in a different way, or other types of data should be added to better constrain the recharge estimates.