Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three Dimensional Cluster Distributions in Processed Multi-wall Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites

We determine the three-dimensional structure of melt-mixed carbon nanotube (CNT) networks in an amorphous polymer matrix via confocal microscopy and image analysis. We find that the CNT networks consist of ramified clusters whose size distribution scales with cluster mass according to exponents typical of percolating systems. Remarkably, these scaling relationships hold over a wide range of concentrations, processing operations (squeezing, shearing, annealing) and subsequent electrical conductivity levels. Our results suggest that the power law scaling of cluster mass with size and frequency might be an important principle governing multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) structure in processed composites. We suggest that subtle changes in MWCNT-polymer interface structure may play a significant role in composite electrical direct current DC conductivity. Also, we find that residual flow plays a key role in the phenomenon of conductivity recovery during post-process annealing.
Show me the pictures: The effect of representational modalities on abductive reasoning in decision making

This paper describes a study designed to investigate the effect of concept representation types on the use of abductive reasoning by decision makers when selecting early stage innovation concepts for further development. According to prior research, abductive reasoning can be instrumental to decision makers in terms of generating testable hypotheses about an innovation concept’s future developments into concrete, viable product or service offerings. It has furthermore been linked with an increase in project acceptance rates. Here, an experiment is described testing whether visual concept representations promotes higher levels of abductive reasoning than textual concept representations or a combination of visuals and text. The results show that when purely visual concept representations were used, the participants showed a significant higher level of abductive reasoning than when this visual representation was complemented with text. This has managerial implications pertaining to how innovation concepts could/should be presented to selection committees or individuals in companies seeking to increase the amount of innovation projects that pass through a first screening process.
Alleviating Poverty through the Use of Entrepreneurship Skill Acquisition in Kogi State, Nigeria

Abstract - This study assessed the impact of entrepreneurship skill acquisition on poverty in Kogi State of Nigeria. The study made use of primary data collected with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire, which were administered by well-trained enumerator to beneficiaries of entrepreneurship acquisition skills randomly sampled from six Local Government Area of the state. The data collected through the questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages. The result shows that 65% of the respondents accepted that lack of entrepreneurship skills among youth is responsible for the high rate of poverty in Nigeria. The result also revealed that at least 60% of the people that benefitted from the skill acquisition programme can now afford the basic necessity of life. The study therefore recommended that since most of the people that benefited from the programme could afford the basic necessity of life, the government should begin to think of the way of developing the programme to the status of poverty eradication programme. Keywords : Entrepreneur; Vocation; Skill acquisition; Poverty; Alleviation; Optimum Paper Type : Research Paper
Late Carboniferous colonial Rugosa (Anthozoa) from Alaska

Late Carboniferous colonial corals from the Moscovian Saginaw Bay Formation and the underlying Bashkirian crinoidal limestone exposed on northeastern Kuiu Island and a nearby islet, part of the Alexander terrane in southeastern Alaska, are described and illustrated for the first time, and are supplemented by revision, re-description and re-illustration of most Atokan specimens from Brooks Range, northern Alaska, first described by Armstrong (1972). New taxa from the Kuiu Island area include the new species Paraheritschioides katvalae and the new genus and species Arctistrotion variabilis, as well as the new Subfamily Arctistrotioninae. The corals Corwenia jagoensis and Lithostrotionella wahooensis of Armstrong (1972) also are redefined and redescribed. Paraheritschioides jagoensis is based on the holotype of ‘C’. jagoensis. P. compositus sp. nov. is based on a “paratype” of ‘C. ’ jagoensis. In addition to a redefinition and redescription of ‘L. ’ wahooensis as Arctistrotion wahooense, one “paratype” of that species is described as A. simplex sp. nov. The phylogeny and suspected relationships of some fasciculate Carboniferous Rugosa also are discussed. Based on relationships and similarities within the Late Carboniferous colonial Rugosa from the Brooks Range, Kuiu Island and the eastern Klamath terrane, we conclude that all three areas were geographically close enough at that time so that larvae were occasionally dispersed by oceanic currents. Distances between these areas, however, may have been so great and/or isolation so long that individual speciation occurred in all of the various locations. That hypothetical situation is reflected by a common generic, but not a specific, content of the particular faunas.
A Model for the Onset of Self-gravitation and Star Formation in Molecular Gas Governed by Galactic Forces. I. Cloud-scale Gas Motions

Modern extragalactic molecular gas surveys now reach the scales of star-forming giant molecular clouds (GMCs; 20–50 pc). Systematic variations in GMC properties with galaxy environment imply that clouds are not universally self-gravitating objects, decoupled from their surroundings. Here we re-examine the coupling of clouds to their environment and develop a model for 3D gas motions generated by forces arising with the galaxy gravitational potential defined by the background disk of stars and dark matter. We show that these motions can resemble or even exceed the motions needed to support gas against its own self-gravity throughout typical galactic disks. The importance of the galactic potential in spiral arms and galactic centers suggests that the response to self-gravity does not always dominate the motions of gas at GMC scales, with implications for observed gas kinematics, virial equilibrium, and cloud morphology. We describe how a uniform treatment of gas motions in the plane and in the vertical direction synthesizes the two main mechanisms proposed to regulate star formation: vertical pressure equilibrium and shear/Coriolis forces as parameterized by Toomre Q ≈ 1. As the modeled motions are coherent and continually driven by the external potential, they represent support for the gas that is distinct from that conventionally attributed to turbulence, which decays rapidly and thus requires maintenance, e.g., via feedback from star formation. Thus, our model suggests that the galaxy itself can impose an important limit on star formation, as we explore in a second paper in this series.
DRC Is Not Ready for Transition from Anonymous Unlinked Sero-surveillance to Using PMTCT Program Data for HIV Surveillance, According to the WHO Criteria Assessment Results

Since 2003, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has carried on HIV surveillance through Anonymous Unlinked Testing in Sentinel Surveillance sites (AUT-SS) amongst pregnant women attending Antenatal Clinics (ANC). However, this expensive process raises ethical limitations. In 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended countries to evaluate the possibility of transitioning from the AUT-SS to surveillance based on data from the routine diagnosis of HIV in Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) programs. The authors carried out this evaluation for DRC. An evaluation of four of the five criteria proposed by the WHO was conducted by following the defined procedure, and comparing with the determined benchmarks, to assess whether DRC can undergo the transition. Data for this assessment were collected in 2013 and 2015 during sentinel surveillance activities. AUT- SS data of 26,301 pregnant women were collected from 60 sentinel sites, while data from PMTCT routine testing were available for 12,291 women. The overall rate of agreement between routine PMTCT and AUT-SS test results (Cohen's Kappa coefficient of agreement) was 0.7% (95% CI: 0.65 - 0.76%), the proportion of positive agreement (PPA) was 65.7% (95% CI: 59.8%-71.1%), and the proportion of negative agreement (PNA) was 99.5% (95% CI: 99.4%-99.7%). The level of non-consent bias in the routine screening test was 4.8%, with a ratio of difference in prevalence of 1 to 10. Eighty-three per cent of sentinel surveillance sites also offered PMTCT service, which was discontinued for 34% of them. DRC must still strengthen the robustness of routine HIV testing, the overall rate of access to this test, its permanence/regularity, and the quality of the data collected in routine, before claiming to use the data from the PMTCT program for purposes of HIV surveillance, in lieu of the ANC AUT- SS.
Comparison of the effect of intravenous and intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid on blood loss in total knee arthroplasty

Objective: To compare the effect of intravenous and intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid on blood loss in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: A total of 90 patients treated with total knee arthroplasty in our hospital from August 2015 to August 2016 were selected as the objects and divided into observation group and control group according to different treatment methods with 45 cases in each group. The control group were given intravenous drip of 10 mg/kg tranexamic acid during anesthetic induction with the maximum dose of 1 g while the observation group were treated by intra-articular injection of 1 g tranexamic acid after finishing suture but before loosening tourniquet. After that, the blood loss, blood coagulation and the incidence of deep venous thrombosis were observed in the two groups. Results: In the observation group, the postoperative drainage volume was (252.21 ± 63.98) mL, the occult blood loss was (603.21 ± 59.96) mL and the total blood loss was (923.12 ± 286.21) mL, significantly less than those in the control group, they were respectively (545.21 ± 61.98) mL, (882.21 ± 113.96) mL and (1223.13 ± 386.25) mL and the difference in between was of statistical significance (P 0.05). Conclusion: Intraarticular injection of tranexamic acid can effectively control blood loss after TKA treatment and avoid the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis, thus worth popularizing.
Study of the Role of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyl Transferase/Visfatin in Egyptian Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematous and Lupus Nephritis

Introduction: Lupus nephritis (LN) is common and carries a high burden of morbidity in SLE patients. The adipokine ‘‘visfatin’’is highly expressed in visceral fat, exerts several pro inflammatory functions and was demonstrated as a marker of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aim of the work: to evaluate the state of serum visfatin in SLE patients and to detect its possible correlation to disease activity and kidney affection. Also, to define a possible correlation between the level of visfatin before and after a treatment regimen of combined mycophenolate mofetil and corticosteroids. Patients and methods: visfatin was assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chemical and immunological markers of SLE and LN were measured in 50 SLE patients (included 25 patients with LN and 25 patients without LN), and compared with 25 age and sex matched healthy controls. Disease activity was assessed using SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Renal biopsies were taken from LN subgroup and were classified according to the modified WHO classification. [1] Results: There was statistically highly significant difference (P Conclusion: visfatin is closely associated with SLE activity especially with lupus nephritis revealing the promising role of this adipokine in SLE activity measurement and prediction of renal involvement in SLE patients.
Failure Analysis of a Composite Cylinder

Composite cylinders are high-strength containers made from a mixture of fibre glass or carbon fibers and a plastic resin typically epoxy. A lamina is assumed to be homogeneous and the mechanical behavior is characterized by a set of equivalent or effective moduli and strength properties. In the phenomenological approach, the lamina properties are determined experimentally by conducting tests on a single lamina or a laminate. Once the mechanical properties of the ply are known the initial failure of the ply within a laminate or structure can be predicted by applying an appropriate failure criterion. Failure types are dependent on loading, stacking sequence, and specimen geometry. There are many proposed theories to predict the one-set of failures. Most of failure criteria are based on the stress state in a lamina. The present work aims to determine the effect of diameter-to-thickness ratio 'S' with respect to failure pressure of a four layers, introduction of hoop layers at ends on four layered cylinder and introduction of hoop layers at middle of six layered angle-ply laminated cylinder which is analyzed by using Finite Element software ANSYS. The variation of failure pressure with respect to fiber angles was also presented in this work.
Antibacterial potentiality and phytochemical analysis of mature leaves of Polyalthia longifolia (Magnoliales: Annonaceae)

The present study evaluated the antibacterial potentiality of hot aqueous and methanol solvent extract of mature leaves of Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites (Magnoliales: Annonaceae) against six reference bacteria viz. Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 2940, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, Escherichia coli MTCC 739, Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 530, Proteus vulgaris MTCC 426 and Enterobacter aerogenes MTCC 111. A sensitivity test performed with commercially available sensitivity test disks resulted in the appearance of multiple drug resistance phenotypes as all the tested bacteria are resistant to amoxycillin, cloxacillin, penicillin G and ampicillin. Most effective antibiotic against bacteria includes ofloxacin against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae; cephalexin against P. vulgaris; ciprofloxacin against E. coli and B. subtilis; kanamycin against E. aerogenes. When antibacterial potentiality of hot aqueous and methanol solvent extract of mature leaves of P. longifolia was evaluated against the bacteria, highest antibacterial activity was observed against K. pneumoniae in both the extracts followed by E. coli in hot aqueous extract and B. subtilis in methanol extract as evident from MIC values. Chromatographic analysis of the methanol extract of P. longifolia revealed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, biterpenoids, carbohydrates, amino acids, essential oil, phenolics and flavonoids as major phytochemicals.
International Database on Human Capital Quality: An Update

The aim of this paper is to propose an evaluation of the performance of schooling systems. Based on a previous work, our approach tries to evaluate the performance of each level of education, namely the primary and the secondary levels. We use international test on pupil achievement, by employing a unique methodology which enables us to obtain a database containing four complementary databases. The first database gives the possibility to compare schooling performance between countries for each level of education, by computing an average score for schooling quality between 1965 and 2007 (Database 1). This database includes quality scores for 108 countries in primary education and 93 countries in secondary education. The second database permits to compare the global change in schooling quality over time, for a long term period. This long term table includes quality scores from 1970 to 2007 for 13 countries (Database 2). Moreover, we propose a complementary database which allows to analyze short term trends – between 1995 and 2007 – on schooling quality for 79 countries (Database 3). Finally, we present an analysis of trends of schooling quality since 1995 by combining all existing data, in order to find significant changes of pupils’ achievement in international tests (Database 4). The file containing these four database is available on request.
The internal bond and shear strength of hardwood veneered particleboard composites

The effects of several accelerated aging tests and weather exposures on hardwood reconstituted structural composite panels were evaluated. The results indicated that the internal bond and shear by tension loading strength reductions of the panels were affected by the exposure test method. The ranking of the effects of various exposure tests on strength values in an increasing order of severity was (1) 24-hour soak, (2) 1-hour boil, (3) 2-hour boil, (4) ASTM-6 cycles, and (5) WCAA-6 cycles. Both ASTM and WCAA tests had similar influences on IB and shear strength properties. Also, 4 cycles of either of these tests resulted in about the same degree of strength reduction as 6 cycles. In addition to test methods, a few construction variables were evaluated. The type of glueline, dry phenolic resin film and wet melamine-urea formaldehyde resin used to laminate the veneer over the core material yielded similar strength values. Other construction variables evaluated indicated that panels with an exterior particleboard core made from smaller particles as compared to wafers had higher IB values than waferboard core panels.
Changes in a Nucleic Acid and a Protein Component of Rice Dwarf Virus Particles Associated with an Increase in Symptom Severity

Summary Repeated selection of plants with unusually severe symptoms after their inoculation by insect vectors which had been injected with dilute inoculum from crude extracts of a stock culture (O strain) of rice dwarf virus (RDV) resulted in the emergence of a severe isolate (S strain). Of the 12 segments of RDV RNA, the fourth largest RNA of the S strain had an apparent M r about 20000 larger than that of the corresponding segment of the O strain. The M r of the protein corresponding to the M r 43000 protein of the O strain, which is located on the outside of the outer capsid, was 44000 in the S strain. The implication of the differences in the RNA and protein components between the S and O strains is discussed.
Twin Calving and Its Connection to Other Economically Important Traits in Dairy Cattle

The occurrence of twin calving in Holstein Friesian cattle is 3 – 5%. Reproductive prob- lems found before and after the time of calving lead to serious economic losses. The authors ’ aim was to form a compilation of data regarding the cause and effects of twin calving on dairy cows by comparing the reproductive performance of cows before and after calving twins vs. single calves and also analyzing the milk production of dairy cows both before and after twin calving. Cows that would have twins became pregnant earlier, probably because of their better health and fertility, with shorter gestations and calving interval. However, after calving, cows that had twins showed poorer reproductive performance. The results show that twin-calving cows had better condition prior to calving, resulting in an earlier successful twin calving. However, the economic losses during parturition, metabolic disorders of the cow, and low vitality of the twin calves, coupled with the decreased fertility and elevated culling rate in cows after twinning, may discourage breeding twins in dairy cattle.
Chicken management systems and egg production in Delta State Nigeria.

The study was necessitated by the need to stir the minds of chicken egg producers towards adopting the best chicken management system. The extensive system of rearing chicken for egg is old and still remained the most popular in the study area. Commercial eggs production was carried out on a large scale by the few farmers who practiced the intensive (battery cage) chicken management system. A significant (p < 0.05) and high degree of positive relationship (r = 0.70) was found between chicken management system and level of egg production. Majority of the farmers would require general education, fund and technical training in poultry production to enable them adopt the intensive (battery cage) management system of rearing chickens for egg production. Mostly local chickens were reared under the extensive system. No matter the popularity, the extensive system of rearing chickens lacks the potential for increased egg production. Egg protein is regarded as luxury to the extent that children who consume eggs are regarded as thieves among most of the poor in Nigeria. More poultry farmers need to embrace the intensive (battery cage) system in order to meet the egg protein needs of the people of Delta State, Nigeria.
Learning Your Comparative Advantage

This paper introduces a labor market model where workers learn about their general human capital, rather than the quality of their current match. Di¤erent worker types perform di¤erently across occupations, but neither the worker, nor the market, have full information about the workers type. Output realizations reveal information about the workers productivity and therefore her type. Wage and occupational mobility decisions depend on both the workers comparative advantage and di¤erences in the speed of learning across occupations. The model has di¤erent implications than the standard labor market learning model (Jovanovic (1979)): human capital is occupationspeci c, since each occupation puts a di¤erent price on the workers skills, but tenure in other occupations will also be important in wage determination. Returns to overall employment experience capture the selection of workers sorting through occupations and learning about their general human capital. Moreover occupational choice is no longer random, since previous work experience reveals information about the workers t in other occupations as well. In this framework, an increase in unemployment bene ts may result in matches of lower quality.
Strategic factor analysis for industry 4.0

In impending decades Industrie 4.0 will challenge us in how to re-invent jobs in a world where machines will take our jobs. Although plenty of research has been carried out on the strategic importance of resources, capabilities, and boundaries where knowledge must be shared and assessed, no studies have been found which looking on strategic factor analysis for understanding how prepared we are for the fourth industrial revolution. Therefore asking the central research question “Is our strategy ready for the fourth industrial revolution? ” Comparing the strategically related general and significant categories and subcategories of Industrie 4.0, with the strategic factor analysis summary themes and most important subcategories from firms in Estonia (n = 123), allowed answering the central research question that our strategy is only partly ready for the fourth industrial revolution. But the results of this study indicate also that we are ready in employee development, values, flexible services and products, high quality target, customer orientation, and strategy. Proposed solutions to overcome low profitability, lack of qualified manpower, and growth, could be expanding the market share into new markets, and development of innovative services. In order to be prepared for the fourth industrial revolution the development of a strategic knowledge vision is needed.