Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decline in locomotor functions over time in HIV-infected patients

Objectives:To assess changes in locomotor function in HIV-infected patients and to evaluate the determinants of variations in lower limb muscle performance. Design:Longitudinal study within the ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort. Methods:Standardized locomotor tests, including global functional capacity [6-min walk distance (6MWD)] and lower limb muscle performance tests [five times sit-to-stand (5STS) test], were performed in HIV-infected adults at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Evolution of performances and determinants of 5STS time were studied in linear mixed-effects models. Results:At baseline (354 patients, 90% on antiretroviral treatment), median 5STS time was 9.8 s and 6MWD 549 m. Poorer performances were associated with falls, reported by 12% of 178 patients at follow-up. Estimated mean deterioration was +0.24 s/year (P < 10−2) for 5STS time and −11 m/year (P < 10−4) for 6MWD. In multivariable analyses, older age was associated with worse baseline 5STS time (+0.47 s/10-year age increase; P = 10−3), but not with further deterioration. Deterioration was greater in prior injecting drug users compared to others (difference in slope +0.62 s/year; P = 0.04). 5STS time at any time point was worse in patients with history of cerebral AIDS conditions (+2.47 s; P < 10−3) and diabetes (+0.95 s; P = 0.02) than in others. No significant associations were found for antiretroviral treatment type, viral load or CD4+ cell count. Conclusion:Compared to published data from healthy persons of similar age, baseline 5STS time and 6MWD were poorer in HIV-infected adults and associated with subsequent falls. Test performances deteriorated further over time. Age, diabetes, neurologic complications and injection drug use, rather than virologic factors, contribute to variations in lower limb muscle performance.
Performance of the provider satisfaction inventory to measure provider satisfaction with diabetes care.

OBJECTIVE To develop and validate an inventory to measure provider satisfaction with diabetes management. METHODS Using the Mayo Clinic Model of Care, a review of the literature, and expert input, we developed a 4-category (chronic disease management, collaborative team practice, outcomes, and supportive environment), 29-item, 7-point-per-item Provider Satisfaction Inventory (PSI). For evaluation of the PSI, we mailed the survey to 192 primary-care and specialized providers from 8 practice sites (of whom 60 primary-care providers were participating in either usual or planned diabetes care). The Cronbach a score was used to assess the instrument's internal reliability. Participating providers indicated satisfaction or dissatisfaction with management of chronic disease by responding to 29 statements. RESULTS The response rate was 58%. In each category, the Cronbach a score ranged from 0.71 to 0.90. Providers expressed satisfaction with patient-physician relationships, with the contributions of the nurse educator to the team, and with physician leadership. Providers were dissatisfied with their ability to spend adequate time with the patient (3.6 +/- 1.4), their ability to give patients with diabetes necessary personal attention (4.1 +/- 1.2), the efficient passing of communication (4.3 +/- 1.2), and the opportunities for input to change practice (4.3 +/- 1.6). No statistically significant difference (P = 0.12) was found in mean total scores between planned care (5.0 +/- 0.5) and usual care (4.7 +/- 0.6) providers. Moreover, no significant differences were noted across practice sites. CONCLUSION The PSI is a reliable and preliminarily valid instrument for measuring provider satisfaction with diabetes care. Use in research and quality improvement activities awaits further validation.
Preaching to the converted.

Introducing a new hobby for other people may inspire them to join with you. Reading, as one of mutual hobby, is considered as the very easy hobby to do. But, many people are not interested in this hobby. Why? Boring is the reason of why. However, this feel actually can deal with the book and time of you reading. Yeah, one that we will refer to break the boredom in reading is choosing preaching to the converted as the reading material.
Family Network and Mortality: Survival Chances through the Lifespan of an Entire Age Cohort

This study relates certain family network variables (marital status and number of children) to chances of survival. Through multivariate analysis, survival is also related to social class, social mobility, migration and local environment, and legitimacy of birth. All persons in a local birth cohort born in the years 1902 and 1903 were followed in population records from birth until eighty years of age. The group comprised 487 individuals with a dropout rate of 4 percent. Univariate survival analysis between twenty to eighty years of age showed widows and also divorced women to have a significantly higher survival than those still married and never married. Never married men and women had the lowest survival rates. The number of children was not associated with survival for neither men nor women when controlled for marital status. Multiple regression survival analysis showed different patterns for males and females. The risk of not surviving to eighty years of age for men resulted from a combination of being single, downward social mobility, a father in the manual working class group and few children, with being single as the strongest predictor. For women the strongest predictor for death before eighty was the category single and/or married (as opposed to earlier married). The combination of being single/married, high migration, earlier life mainly in rural areas, and having few children were predictors in the model of death before eighty. Thus, for both men and women marital status was the strongest predictor for survival but in different ways.
Bacteriuria and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Among HIV Patients Attending ALERT Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Urinary tract infections are some of the most common bacterial diseases both in general population and amongst HIV infected patients. It is important to define the prevalence and drug susceptibility pattern of bacteriuria among HIV patients in Ethiopia and especially in Addis Ababa, because of the information scarcity about bacteriuria in HIV patients in our region. A cross sectional study was conducted in ALERT Center; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; from 2014 to 2015 among 165 adult HIV patients. Midstream urine was collected with sterile wide-mouthed urine cups. Samples were inoculated to Cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient, Blood agar and MacConkey accordingly and biochemical tests performed to identify the isolates. Drug susceptibility pattern of isolates were determined using the disk diffusion techniques. Data analyzed using SPSS version-20 software package. Chi-square test was used to see the association between the outcome variable and independent and the strength of the association was identified using odds ratio in the binary logistic regression. Female study participants showed at least three times more likely to have bacteriuria (AOR=3.25, 95% CI= 0.98-10.79) than the male. Subsequent multivariate analysis CD4 value less than 200 cells/mm3 (p=0.02) retained its significance association. Presence of dysuria was almost three times (AOR=2.87; 95% CI=0.84-9.79) and previous history of UTI at least two times (AOR=2.38; 95%=0.73-7.72) more likely to have bacteriuria than absence of them. The isolated bacteria were E. coli (38.5%), followed by S. aureus (30.8%), P. mirabilis (11.5%), S. epidermidis (11.5%) and S. saprophyticus (7.7%). Bacterial isolates in the current study were most sensitive to ceftriaxone (100%), nitrofurantoin (88.46%), gentamicin (84.62%) and ceftazidime (84.62%) while resistant to ampicillin (84.62%), tetracycline (92.31%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (88.46%). The occurrence of bacteriuria and susceptibility pattern of the antibiotics in the current study was comparable to other studies in HIV patients. The identified bacteria were reported by other authors as UTI causative agents in HIV patients. Still, bacteriuria in HIV patients needs more consideration for better management and preventing drug resistance.
Laser in situ keratomileusis in 2012: a review

Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is a safe and effective treatment for refractive error. A combination of technological advances and increasing surgeon experience has served to further refine refractive outcomes and reduce complication rates. In this article, we review LASIK as it stands in late 2012: the procedure, indications, technology, complications and refractive outcomes.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Constructive Interference in Steady State Sequence Alone for Follow-Up Imaging of Vestibular Schwannomas

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a benign, slow-growing tumor, and radiologic monitoring is an acceptable alternative to surgery in small lesions and in elderly patients. MR imaging with contrast is the study of choice in the follow-up of these lesions. However, gadolinium-based contrast agents have side effects and should be used only when definitely indicated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the constructive interference in steady state (CISS) sequence used without postcontrast sequences for the follow-up imaging of VS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging examinations of 18 patients were retrospectively evaluated by 2 radiologists. VS masses were measured on both CISS and the postcontrast images by each observer. For each patient, the masses were also assessed qualitatively for possible progression between every consecutive study. RESULTS: Fifty MR images of 18 patients were evaluated. Patients had 1–5 follow-up studies. The mean time interval between the consecutive studies was 23 months (6–55 months). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the CISS sequence for the detection of progression were 100%. There was good interobserver and intraobserver (CISS and postcontrast) correlation. The CISS sequence had, however, limited sensitivity for the detection of changes in the internal architecture. CONCLUSIONS: Noncontrast CISS-only technique may be a viable alternative to routine contrast-enhanced sequences for the follow-up of overall lesion size in patients with VS; however, treatment-related changes internal to the tumor are less noticeable using the CISS sequence.
A large animal model of spinal muscular atrophy and correction of phenotype

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by reduced levels of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein, which results in motoneuron loss. Therapeutic strategies to increase SMN levels including drug compounds, antisense oligonucleotides, and scAAV9 gene therapy have proved effective in mice. We wished to determine whether reduction of SMN in postnatal motoneurons resulted in SMA in a large animal model, whether SMA could be corrected after development of muscle weakness, and the response of clinically relevant biomarkers.
False positive or negative results of shear-wave elastography in differentiating benign from malignant breast masses: analysis of clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics

Background Shear-wave elastography (SWE) has the potential to improve diagnostic performance of conventional ultrasound (US) in differentiating benign from malignant breast masses. Purpose To investigate false positive or negative results of SWE in differentiating benign from malignant breast masses and to analyze clinical and imaging characteristics of the masses with false SWE findings. Material and Methods From May to October 2013, 166 breast lesions of 164 consecutive women (mean age, 45.3 ± 10.1 years) who had been scheduled for biopsy were included. Conventional US and SWE were performed in all women before biopsy. Clinical, ultrasonographic morphologic features and SWE parameters (pattern classification and standard deviation [SD]) were recorded and compared with the histopathology results. Patient and lesion factors in the “true” and “false” groups were compared. Results Of the 166 masses, 118 (71.1%) were benign and 48 (28.9%) were malignant. False SWE features were more frequently observed in benign masses. False positive rates of benign masses and false negative rates of malignancy were 53% and 8.2%, respectively, using SWE pattern analysis and were 22.4% and 10.3%, respectively, using SD values. A lesion boundary of the masses on US (P = 0.039) and younger patient age (P = 0.047) were significantly associated with false SWE findings. Conclusion These clinical and ultrasonographic features need to be carefully evaluated in performance and interpretation of SWE examinations.
Neurocognitive and behavioral impact of sleep disordered breathing in children

The consequences of poor quality and/or inadequate sleep in children and adolescents have become a major public health concern, and one in which pediatric health care professionals have become increasingly involved. In particular, insufficient and/or fragmented sleep resulting from primary sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), often compounded by the presence of comorbid sleep disorders as well as by voluntary sleep curtailment related to lifestyle and environmental factors, has been implicated in a host of negative consequences. These range from metabolic dysfunction and increased cardiovascular morbidity to impairments in mood and academic performance. The following review will focus on what is currently known about the effects of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) specifically on neurobehavioral and neurocognitive function in children. Because of the scarcity of literature on the cognitive and behavioral impact of sleep disorders in infants and very young children, this review will target largely the preschool/school‐aged child and adolescent populations. In addition, the focus will be on a review of the most recent literature, as a supplement to several excellent previous reviews on the topic.1–4 Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:417–422. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histologic Dating of the Endometrium: Accuracy, Reproducibility, and Practical Value

The continued use of the endometrial biopsy for the diagnosis of luteal phase defects (LPDs) and in the general evaluation of the infertile couple is based largely on tradition, the absence of a clearly superior diagnostic modality, the absence of studies that have either validated or repudiated its efficacy with certainty, its ability to assess the endometrial response irrespective of endogenous progesterone levels, its ability to monitor the endometrial response to hormonal therapy in fertility treatments, and, finally, its ability to exclude other intrinsic endometrial anomalies that may be detrimental to the implantation of the conceptus, such as chronic endometritis or neoplasia. However, the intra- and interobserver variability inherent in dating the product of the endometrial biopsy-the endometrium-has led to the current situation, in which, in approximately 20% of cases, variability attributed to the pathologist alone is determinant of whether a given biopsy in “in phase” or out of phase (ie, an assigned postovulatory date that is at least 2 days behind the chronologic date). Thus, studies that clearly delineate which histologic parameters serve as the greatest source of disagreement for pathologists provide a valuable framework for further refinement of the criteria for endometrial dating. Meanwhile, continued use of the criteria of Noyes et al for endometrial dating is recommended until more precise modalities for assessing the adequacy of endometrial maturation are available.
A Thermodynamic Comparison of Arboreal and Terrestrial Sleeping Sites for Dry‐Habitat Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at the Toro‐Semliki Wildlife Reserve, Uganda

The nightly construction of an arboreal sleeping platform (SP) has been observed among every chimpanzee's population studied to date. Here, we report on bioclimatic aspects of SP site choice among dry‐habitat chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at the Toro‐Semliki Wildlife Reserve, Uganda. We placed a portable weather monitor within 1 m of chimpanzee SPs and compared the microenvironment of this site with terrestrial monitors placed 10 cm above the ground directly underneath the simultaneously studied SP. We calculated physical “comfort levels” of monitored sites using the RayMan thermophysiological model that we modified to take ape body proportions into account. The RayMan tool gauges energy balance using wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, and heat index in conjunction with the study subject's mass and stature to determine whether the individual is in energy balance or homeostasis. We found that (1) terrestrial microclimates have greater homeostatic potential than arboreal microclimates, and (2) there is a significant positive linear relationship between wind speed and height of SP in the forest canopy. Advantages of terrestrial sites are that they require lesser energetic expenditure to stabilize the body when the SP is under construction and perhaps during use as well. We found that terrestrial sites also had better homeostatic potentials. This combination of advantages explains why SPs are so often sited terrestrially in habitats where predation risk is low. Early hominins must have had technological or social measures to avoid or deter predators that were significantly advanced over those found among chimpanzees before they began sleeping on the ground. Am. J. Primatol. 74:811–818, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Altered inhibition‐related frontolimbic connectivity in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Recent studies have shown that response inhibition is impaired in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder and their unaffected siblings, suggesting that these deficits may be considered a cognitive endophenotype of obsessive–compulsive disorder. Structural and functional neural correlates of altered response inhibition have been identified in patients and siblings. This study aims to examine the functional integrity of the response inhibition network in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder and their unaffected siblings.
Epigenetic regulation of redox state mediates persistent cardiorespiratory abnormalities after long‐term intermittent hypoxia

The effects of short‐term (ST; 10 days) and long‐term (LT; 30 days) intermittent hypoxia (IH) on blood pressure (BP), breathing and carotid body (CB) chemosensory reflex were examined in adult rats. ST‐ and LT‐IH treated rats exhibited hypertension, irregular breathing with apnoea and augmented the CB chemosensory reflex, with all these responses becoming normalized during recovery from ST‐ but not from LT‐IH. The persistent cardiorespiratory responses to LT‐IH were associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the CB and adrenal medulla, which were a result of DNA methylation‐dependent suppression of genes encoding anti‐oxidant enzymes (AOEs). Treating rats with decitabine either during LT‐IH or during recovery from LT‐IH prevented DNA methylation of AOE genes, normalized the expression of AOE genes and ROS levels, reversed the heightened CB chemosensory reflex and hypertension, and also stabilized breathing.
Modeling the αIIbβ3 integrin solution conformation

The αIIbβ3 platelet integrin is the prototypical member of a widely distributed class of transmembrane receptors formed by the noncovalent association of α and β subunits. Electron microscopic (EM) images of the αIIbβ3 complex show an asymmetric particle with a globular domain from which two extended regions protrude to contact the lipid bilayer. Distance constraints provided by disulfide bond patterns, epitope mapping, and ligand mimetic cross‐linking studies rather suggest a somewhat more compact conformation for the αIIbβ3 complex.
Neighbourhood Determinants of Caries Experience in Preschool Children: A Multilevel Study

Objectives: To investigate the association between neighbourhood factors and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index among preschool children. Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study comprised 1,110 children (0-5 years old) clustered in 16 official neighbourhoods of Canoas city, southern Brazil. Multilevel binomial models were used to estimate the association of contextual variables at neighbourhood level (Human Development Index, average income, and public primary health care units) with two oral health outcomes: decayed teeth (dt) and missing or filled teeth (mft), after adjusting for individual variables (gender, age, maternal education, equivalent household income logarithm, household, and point of care). Results: Overall, 24.9% of the sample had dental caries experience (dmft >0), and 92.3% of the dmft was untreated caries. There was no statistical significant association (p > 0.05) of contextual characteristics with the decay component. The teeth of children living in richer areas had 2.87 (95% CI: 1.05-7.86) times more chances of being treated (mft component). Variance attributed to neighbourhood level was estimated as 5.9% (p < 0.01) and 4.1% (p = 0.17) for dt and mft, respectively, in adjusted models. Conclusions: Intra-urban areas seem homogeneous, with small variability between neighbourhoods, having no contextual effect on untreated dental caries (dt). Contextual variables may influence treatment access (mft) through the use of dental services in preschool children.
BadNets: Identifying Vulnerabilities in the Machine Learning Model Supply Chain

Deep learning-based techniques have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a wide variety of recognition and classification tasks. However, these networks are typically computationally expensive to train, requiring weeks of computation on many GPUs; as a result, many users outsource the training procedure to the cloud or rely on pre-trained models that are then fine-tuned for a specific task. In this paper we show that outsourced training introduces new security risks: an adversary can create a maliciously trained network (a backdoored neural network, or a \emph{BadNet}) that has state-of-the-art performance on the user's training and validation samples, but behaves badly on specific attacker-chosen inputs. We first explore the properties of BadNets in a toy example, by creating a backdoored handwritten digit classifier. Next, we demonstrate backdoors in a more realistic scenario by creating a U.S. street sign classifier that identifies stop signs as speed limits when a special sticker is added to the stop sign; we then show in addition that the backdoor in our US street sign detector can persist even if the network is later retrained for another task and cause a drop in accuracy of {25}\% on average when the backdoor trigger is present. These results demonstrate that backdoors in neural networks are both powerful and---because the behavior of neural networks is difficult to explicate---stealthy. This work provides motivation for further research into techniques for verifying and inspecting neural networks, just as we have developed tools for verifying and debugging software.
Efflux Pump Lde Is Associated with Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Listeria monocytogenes

ABSTRACT Five Listeria monocytogenes isolates (CLIP 21369, CLIP 73298, CLIP 74811, CLIP 75679, and CLIP 79372) were found to be resistant to fluoroquinolones during the screening for antibiotic resistance of 488 L. monocytogenes isolates from human cases of listeriosis in France. On the basis of a fourfold or greater decrease in the ciprofloxacin MIC in the presence of reserpine, fluoroquinolone resistance was attributed to active efflux of the drugs. The lde gene (Listeria drug efflux; formerly lmo2741) encodes a 12-transmembrane-segment putative efflux pump belonging to the major facilitator superfamily of secondary transporters that displayed 44% identity with PmrA from Streptococcus pneumoniae. Insertional inactivation of the lde gene in CLIP 21369 indicated that the corresponding protein was responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance and was involved in the level of susceptibility to dyes such as ethidium bromide and acridine orange.