Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of level-specific dielectronic-recombination cross sections of heliumlike Fe XXV.

The strengths of individual 1{ital s}2{ital l}2{ital l}{prime} resonances for dielectronic recombination of heliumlike iron are measured on an electron-beam ion trap using high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy. An energy resolution {Delta}{ital E}/{ital E} of better than 0.1% is achieved by monitoring the exit channel of the recombination process. Dielectronic-resonance strengths are measured relative to the cross section for nonresonant radiative electron capture of heliumlike Fe XXV, and an overall uncertainty of 20% is achieved. Good agreement with theory is found for the strongest resonances; however, less good agreement is found for the weaker resonances. The results indicate that further theoretical and experimental efforts are necessary to reliably use weak dielectronic satellite lines in plasma diagnostics.
Prevalence of Mental Disorders after Catastrophic Financial Loss

In a controlled study, the authors determined the risk of developing major mental illness after catastrophic financial loss. Seventy-two adults who lost their retirement savings in a bank fraud were interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Major depression by DSM-3 criteria was present in 29% of the victims during the first 20 months after their loss as compared with 2% of 66 age, gender, and residential area-matched control subjects (p<.0001). Generalized anxiety disorder as defined by DSM-3 criteria was experienced by 27% of victims after the loss as compared with 10% of control subjects (p = .03). After the loss, victims had lower subjective health ratings, more functional somatic complaints, and higher tranquilizer usage than control subjects. There was no difference between depressed and nondepressed in types of coping responses or use of social supports and confidants. Only four of 21 victims who suffered major depression sought help from a mental health professional. We conclude that catastrophic financial loss may result in the onset of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder.
Meander geometry of Venusian canali: Constraints on flow regime and formation time

[1] The similar meander geometries of Venusian canali and terrestrial rivers imply that the in-channel flow regimes may be comparable. This work details meander geometry measurements from ten lowland canali and compares the extensive data set produced to a variety of solar system channels. The meander properties of Venusian canali do not closely match any channel so far observed on the terrestrial planets. However, analysis of the relationship between meander wavelength and radius of channel curvature confirms previous suggestions that the canali were carved by a low (water-like) viscosity fluid. Whether the canali are due to thermal and/or mechanical erosion of the plains by an exotic lava, or have some other genesis, the dominant meander wavelengths of 11 to 77 km require peak fluid discharge rates of up to 6.6 × 106 m3 s−1, an order of magnitude larger than terrestrial rivers. Slight decrease in width along the channel length was observed in most investigated canali, perhaps reflecting the effect of downstream loss processes. Cyclical variations in the average channel width were observed in some channels; where topographic data are available, these variations apparently correlate with peaks in plains topography. This indicates that the canali remained active, after their initially rapid formation, long enough to interact with the early stages of plains tectonism.
Isoflavone Malonyltransferases GmIMaT1 and GmIMaT3 Differently Modify Isoflavone Glucosides in Soybean (Glycine max) under Various Stresses

Malonylated isoflavones are the major forms of isoflavonoids in soybean plants, the genes responsible for their biosyntheses are not well understood, nor their physiological functions. Here we report a new benzylalcohol O-acetyltransferase, anthocyanin O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, anthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyl/benzoyltransferase, deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase (BAHD) family isoflavone glucoside malonyltransferase GmIMaT1, and GmIMaT3, which is allelic to the previously characterized GmMT7 and GmIF7MaT. Biochemical studies showed that recombinant GmIMaT1 and GmIMaT3 enzymes used malonyl-CoA and several isoflavone 7-O-glucosides as substrates. The Km values of GmIMaT1 for glycitin, genistin, and daidzin were 13.11, 23.04, and 36.28 μM, respectively, while these of GmIMaT3 were 12.94, 26.67, and 30.12 μM, respectively. Transgenic hairy roots overexpressing both GmIMaTs had increased levels of malonyldaidzin and malonylgenistin, and contents of daidzin and glycitin increased only in GmIMaT1-overexpression lines. The increased daidzein and genistein contents were detected only in GmIMaT3-overexpression lines. Knockdown of GmIMaT1 and GmIMaT3 reduced malonyldaidzin and malonylgenistin contents, and affected other isoflavonoids differently. GmIMaT1 is primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum while GmIMaT3 is primarily in the cytosol. By examining their transcript changes corresponding to the altered isoflavone metabolic profiles under various environmental and hormonal stresses, we probed the possible functions of GmIMaTs. Two GmIMaTs displayed distinct tissue expression patterns and respond differently to various factors in modifying isoflavone 7-O-glucosides under various stresses.
Loss of Heterozygosity on Chromosome 19 in Secondary Glioblastomas

Glioblastomas develop rapidly de novo (primary glioblastomas) or slowly through progression from low-grade or anaplastic astrocytoma (secondary glioblastomas). Recent studies have shown that these glioblastoma subtypes develop through different genetic pathways. Primary glioblastomas are characterized by EGFR amplification/overexpression, PTEN mutation, homozygous p16 deletion, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on entire chromosome 10, whereas secondary glioblastomas frequently contain p53 mutations and show LOH on chromosome 10q. In this study, we analyzed LOH on chromosomes 19q, 1p, and 13q, using polymorphic microsatellite markers in 17 primary glioblastomas and in 13 secondary glioblastomas that progressed from low-grade astrocytomas. LOH on chromosome 19q was frequently found in secondary glioblastomas (7 of 13, 54%) but rarely detected in primary glioblastomas (1 of 17, 6%, p = 0.0094). The common deletion was 19q13.3 (between D19S219 and D19S902). These results suggest that tumor suppressor gene(s) located on chromosome 19q are frequently involved in the progression from low-grade astrocytoma to secondary glioblastoma, but do not play a major role in the evolution of primary glioblastomas. LOH on chromosome 1p was detected in 12% of primary and 15% of secondary glioblastomas. LOH on 13q was detected in 12% of primary and in 38% of secondary glioblastomas and typically included the RB locus. Except for 1 case, LOH 13q and 19q were mutually exclusive.
Thyrotropin (TSH) interacts with multiple discrete regions of the TSH receptor: polyclonal rabbit antibodies to one or more of these regions can inhibit TSH binding and function.

As a means of identifying functional regions of the TSH receptor (TSHr), we immunized four rabbits with recombinant extracellular TSHr (ETSHr) protein and systematically evaluated their antibody response. The antibody response was characterized by testing serial serum samples for immunoglobulin G (IgG) against ETSHr protein and 26 synthetic peptides which span the entire ETSHr. Sera were also tested for their ability to block TSH binding to native TSHr. All four rabbits developed high serum IgG titers (>1:100,000) to ETSHr. None of the rabbits developed significant IgG titers against 11 of the peptides, but each showed persistent high titers against several of the others. After multiple inoculations of antigen, sera from 3 rabbits showed significant ability to block TSH binding. Based on the ability of peptides to reverse this blocking activity, we identified 3 regions of the TSHr (i.e. amino acids 292-311, 367-386, and 397-415) through which antibodies can block TSH binding. Moreover, antibodies purified on either peptide 292-311 or peptide 367-386 affinity columns could block both TSH binding and TSH-mediated activation of thyroid cells in culture. These studies show ETSHr protein is sufficient to induce production of functionally relevant antibodies. Furthermore, we have identified several sites on the TSHr through which antibodies can inhibit TSH binding, thus leading to identification of several potential TSH-binding regions.
The febrile child: diagnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUND Fever accounts for 70% of all consultations with pediatricians and family physicians. Fever without an identifiable cause (<7 days' duration) and fever of unknown origin (FUO, ≥ 7 days' duration) are particularly challenging clinical situations. METHOD This article is based on a selective literature search for publications containing the term "pediatric fever management," with special attention to meta-analyses and systematic reviews. RESULTS The mainstay of diagnosis is physical examination by a physician who is experienced in the care of children and adolescents. The frequency of severe bacterial infection (SBI) is about 10% in neonates, 5% in babies aged up to 3 months, and 0.5% to 1% in older infants and toddlers. The mortality of SBI in neonates is about 10%. Both the degree of the parents' and the physician's concern are important warning signs for SBI. Clinical signs of SBI include cyanosis, tachypnea, poor peripheral perfusion, petechiae, and a rectal temperature above 40°C. Antipyretic drugs should only be used in special, selected situations. More than 40% of cases of FUO are due to infection; in more than 30% of cases, the cause is never determined. CONCLUSION Aspects of central importance include the repeated physical examination of the patient, and parent counseling and education of medical and nursing staff pertaining to the warning signs for SBI. Research is needed in the areas of diagnostic testing and the development of new vaccines.
Diminishing efficacy of combination therapy, response-heterogeneity, and treatment intolerance limit the attainability of tight risk factor control in patients with diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the attainability of tight risk factor control targets for three diabetes risk factors and to assess the degree of polypharmacy required. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-III. STUDY DESIGN We simulated a strategy of "treating to targets," exposing subjects to a battery of treatments until low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (100 mg/dL), hemoglobin A1c (7 percent), and blood pressure (130/80 mm Hg) targets were achieved or until all treatments had been exhausted. Regimens included five statins of increasing potency, four A1c-lowering therapies, and eight steps of antihypertensive therapy. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS We selected parameter estimates from placebo-controlled trials and meta-analyses. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Under ideal efficacy conditions, 77, 64, and 58 percent of subjects achieved the LDL, A1c, and blood pressure targets, respectively. Successful control depended highly on a subject's baseline number of treatments. Using the least favorable assumptions of treatment tolerance, success rates were 11-17 percentage points lower. Approximately 57 percent of subjects required five or more medication classes. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of people with diabetes will fail to achieve targets despite using high doses of multiple, conventional treatments. These findings raise concerns about the feasibility and polypharmacy burden needed for tight risk factor control, and the use of measures of tight control to assess the quality of care for diabetes.
The Economics of Internet Markets

Introduction The last 15 years has seen the striking emergence of new Internet platforms for search, e-commerce, online media, job matching, social networking, and other activities. The growth of these platforms has been dramatic. Amazon, which opened in 1995, has annual revenue of more than 40 billion dollars. Google, which started in 1998, processes more than 1 billion search queries every day. Facebook, founded in 2004, has attracted more than 800 million users. Groupon exceeded 1 billion dollars in revenue in just its third year of operation. These and other Internet platforms take advantage of how the Internet has lowered a range of economic costs: the cost of creating and distributing certain products and services, the cost of acquiring and providing information, and the cost of collecting and using data on consumer preferences and behavior. These changes helped make Internet platforms dynamic and innovative, and they are inspiring significant economic research. Several aspects of Internet platforms are distinctive relative to traditional industries. One is the rapid ability to initiate and scale up operations. Internet firms, and especially consumer-oriented Internet firms, often have very low start-up costs and even lower costs of serving additional users because the underlying engineering is scalable. Facebook, for example, grew to more than 500 million users with fewer than 500 engineers, or one engineer for every million users. The potential speed and low cost of expansion are particularly relevant in thinking about the market structure of Internet industries and how platforms can design market mechanisms that operate efficiently and take advantage of large scale.
The influence of time of lambing on the performance of fine wool Merino ewes.

Observations were carried out at Lismore in western Victoria on the performance of two groups of 250 fine wool Merino ewes mated in spring (November) and autumn (May) respectively. A greater proportion of ewes lambing in spring lambed within 150-170 days after the introduction of the rams than ewes lambing in autumn. The duration of lambing was shorter in spring. There were no significant differences in the proportion of ewes lambing, in the proportion of twins born or in the proportion of lambs marked between the two groups. Ewes lambing in spring weaned more lambs than ewes lambing in autumn because of a higher lamb survival rate in the spring (spring = 90%, autumn = 81%). The lambs born in spring were heavier at birth (P < 0.001) and grew faster than the lambs born in autumn. Body weights at 18 months of both groups were variable; at 30 months of age, both groups had body weights of approximately 36 kg (80 lb).
Changes in the major macromolecular fractions of egg yolk during embryogenesis.

Yolk from fertile eggs was separated into its three major fractions (granule, low-density, and water-soluble) after 0, 6, 12, 15, and 18 days' incubation. Qualitative and quantitative changes in whole yolk and its fractions were small during the first 12 days, but later marked changes occurred. A decrease in the proportions of granule and low-density fractions and an increase in the water-soluble fraction account for most of the overall changes in the nitrogen, phosphorus, and lipid contents of yolk. Qualitatively the lipid-rich low-density fractions showed little change. The granule fraction, however, lost phosphorus, and at least one new component was evident in both its ultracentrifugal and electrophoretic patterns. A marked increase in the amount of water-soluble material after 12 days' incubation can be attributed to the appearance of a new component having sedimentation and electrophoretic mobilities similar to those of ovalbumin.
A survey of capital budgeting techniques used by listed mining companies in South Africa

Capital budgeting is crucial in the maximisation of shareholder value as it depends on the capital budgeting decisions made by the managers. The capital budgeting techniques used by South African mines listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE) and the reasons behind their use were investigated. Questionnaires were conducted during the period of March to May 2011 to gather data. The results also indicated that the net present value (NPV) (69%), the internal rate of return (IRR) (46%) and the payback period (PB) (23%) are the most common techniques used to evaluate major projects. The main reason for the use of the NPV was its superiority as it accurately takes into account the time value of money. The IRR method is used owing to its ability to rank projects and to indicate the actual return of each project, thereby informing managers whether an investment will increase the company’s value. The results indicated that the continual use of PB was based on the simplicity of the technique. Financial officers (FOs) should also make use of other techniques for example, discounted payback period (DPB), profitability index (PI) and the real options which are of valuable in determining the feasibility of projects. Key words: Capital budgeting techniques, net present value, internal rate of return, payback period, mining companies, South Africa.
The role of early life viral bronchiolitis in the inception of asthma

Propose of reviewCumulative evidence suggest that early life bronchiolitis is a major risk factor for subsequent wheezing episodes and asthma. The purpose of this review is to present the recent findings and current perspectives regarding the interplay between bronchiolitis and long-term respiratory outcomes. Recent findingsRecent studies have supported the long-recognized link between early life severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and the physician diagnosis of asthma by school age, and this association appears to continue into early adulthood. Evidence is accumulating regarding the role of early life infection with human rhinovirus as an important antecedent for future asthma. Whether viral bronchiolitis is causal or an early manifestation of future asthma remains uncertain. Vitamin D status has emerged as a potential modifying factor for viral-induced wheeze and could potentially influence the development of asthma. SummaryViral bronchiolitis early in life is a major and potential long-term risk factor for subsequent wheezing and asthma. Whether the association between bronchiolitis and subsequent asthma is due to causality or a reflection of predisposition may be dependent on host factors and virus-specific effects.
Self-Reported Concussion Symptoms and Training Routines in Mixed Martial Arts Athletes

Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a full-contact, fighting sport that has risen in popularity over recent years, resulting in an increase in both training facilities and sport participants. To date, little research has examined the complications and vulnerability to head trauma, or concussive symptomatology, in MMA athletes. In this study, we assessed relationships between training routines and concussive symptoms, as well as medical care, in MMA athletes. A sample (N = 119) of MMA athletes reported concussive symptoms, training routines, and medical histories through an online survey. Nearly 15% of the MMA athletes reported history of a knockout, and nearly one-third reported a technical knockout. Subjective ratings of concussive symptoms were high for these athletes, with many of them waiting only a brief time after such incidents to return to competition. These findings have important implications for informing the medical treatment and safety decision for returning to participation for these athletes.
Determinants of the Phagosomal pH in Neutrophils*

Phagosomes formed by neutrophils are much less acidic than those of other phagocytic cells. The defective acidification seen in neutrophils has been attributed to consumption of protons during the dismutation of superoxide, because a large, sustained acidification is unmasked when the cells are treated with inhibitors of the NADPH oxidase. Consumption of protons transported into the phagosome by dismutation would tightly couple the activities of the NADPH oxidase and the vacuolar type H+-pump (or V-ATPase). We tested the existence of the predicted coupling using microfluorimetry and digital imaging and found that the rate of superoxide generation was independent of the activity of the H+-pump. Moreover, we failed to detect the alkalinization predicted to develop through dismutation when the pump was inhibited. Instead, two other mechanisms were found to contribute to the inability of neutrophil phagosomes to acidify. First, the insertion of V-ATPases into the phagosomal membrane was found to be reduced when the oxidase is active. Second, the passive proton (equivalent) permeability of the phagosomal membrane increased when the oxidase was activated. The increased permeability cannot be entirely attributed to the conductive H+ channels associated with the oxidase, since it is not eliminated by Zn2+. We conclude that the NADPH oxidase controls the phagosomal pH by multiple mechanisms that include reduced proton delivery to the lumen, increased luminal proton consumption, and enhanced backflux (leak) into the cytosol.
(En)gendering Colonialism: Masculinities in Hawai'i and Aotearoa

In this paper I argue that indigenous men in the Pacific engage in gender practices that historically have had widely different consequences for their positions of power or marginality. I focus my analysis on the production of modern Polynesian masculinities in Hawai'i and Aotearoa (New Zealand), highlighting the importance of the intersection of European and American colonialism(s) with indigenous forms of social organization. I look specifically at the participation of indigenous men in the military and sports, two of the most important sites for the production of masculinities where indigenous men contend with hegemonic ideologies of gender and culture. I end with some critical reflections on the possibilities and limitations of reviving traditional indigenous masculinities in decolonization movements in Hawai'i and Aotearoa.
Examination of Prior Experience with Telehealth and Comfort with Telehealth Technology as a Moderator of Treatment Response for PTSD and Depression in Veterans

Objective: Telehealth is a method to expand the reach of clinical care for PTSD treatment. However, those with limited prior exposure to telehealth or limited confidence using telehealth may have poorer treatment response. The present study examined familiarity with telehealth as a moderator of treatment response for a behavioral treatment delivered via telehealth. Method: Fifty-nine combat veterans completed eight sessions of exposure-based treatment via telehealth. Familiarity with telehealth and confidence in the technology were assessed at baseline. Results: PTSD and depression symptoms decreased as a result of treatment administered via telehealth. Familiarity with the technology and confidence in the technology were unrelated to symptom change. The lack of a significant relation was maintained after controlling for age. Conclusions: Perceptions of telehealth are unrelated to outcomes for mental health treatment. Clinicians should be confident in using this approach with patients, regardless of their familiarity or comfort with the technology.
CD66c expression in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: strength and weakness

Introduction: In B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL), testing at diagnosis for BCR/ABL1 gene rearrangements is mandatory for prognostic stratification and treatment decisions. Several diagnostic methods have been proposed using flow cytometry to identify BCR/ABL1+ B‐ALL.