Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hubble Space Telescope Imaging and Keck Spectroscopy of z ≈ 6 i-Band Dropout Galaxies in the Advanced Camera for Surveys GOODS Fields

We measure the surface density of i'-band dropout galaxies at z ~ 6 through wide-field Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) imaging and ultradeep Keck DEIMOS spectroscopy. Using deep HST ACS SDSS i' (F775W) and SDSS z' (F850LP) imaging from the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-North (GOODS-N; 200 arcmin2), we identify nine i'-drops satisfying (i′-z′)AB > 1.5 to a depth of z = 25.6 (corresponding to L at z ~ 3). We use HK' imaging data to improve the fidelity of our sample, discriminating against lower redshift red galaxies and cool Galactic stars. Three i'-drops are consistent with M/L/T dwarf stars. We present ultradeep Keck DEIMOS spectroscopy of 10 objects from our combined GOODS-N and GOODS-S i'-drop sample. We detect Lyα emission at z = 5.83 from one object in the GOODS-S field, which lies only 8' (i.e., 3 h Mpc) away from a previously confirmed z = 5.78 object. One possible Lyα emitter at z = 6.24 is found in the GOODS-N field (although identification of this spatially offset emission line is ambiguous). Using the rest-frame UV continuum from our six candidate z ~ 6 galaxies from the GOODS-N field, we determine a lower limit to the unobscured volume-averaged global star formation rate at z ~ 6 of (5.4 ± 2.2) × 10-4 h70 M☉ yr-1 Mpc-3. We find that the cosmic star formation density in Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) with unobscured star formation rates greater than 15 M☉ yr-1 falls by a factor of 8 between z ~ 3 and z ~ 6. Hence, the luminosity function of LBGs must evolve in this redshift interval: a constant integrated star formation density at z > 3 requires a much steeper faint-end slope, or a brighter characteristic luminosity. This result is in agreement with our previous measurement from the GOODS-S field, indicating that cosmic variance is not a dominant source of uncertainty.
Entrepreneurship, Financiership, and Selection

We develop an equilibrium model of the market for entrepreneurial finance, in which all agents have some personal wealth and a project whose quality is their private information. All agents choose whether to invest either as entrepreneurs or financiers, or to invest in storage technology. We find that a binding economy‐level wealth constraint, which renders credit scarce, can create advantageous selection, where productive agents become entrepreneurs and unproductive agents become their financiers. If funding is easier to obtain, entrepreneurship also attracts unproductive agents. In our model, individual wealth and entrepreneurship are positively (negatively) correlated if financial market participation is complete (incomplete).
Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Engagement in Jordan

Purpose: to investigate the impact of internal Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices on Employees' Engagement. Specifically, it examines the impacts of five internal CSR practices namely, training and education, human rights, health and safety, work life balance and workplace diversity on the two dimensions of employees' engagement Job Engagement (JE) and Organisational Engagement (OE). Design/methodology/approach: it utilizes a nonprobability sampling method in the forms of quota and convenience sampling. The proposed model was tested on a sample of 336 frontline employees working in the banking sector in Jordan. Findings: the testing of several hypothetical relationships between internal CSR and employee engagement revealed that all the relationships were significant. Moreover, it shows that CSR practices are not highly adopted within the banking sector in Jordan. Only one dimension of internal CSR, namely work life balance as being less adopted compared with the other four dimensions of internal CSR. The impact of internal CSR practices on OE was greater as compared with that of JE. This implies that internal CSR practices could predict employees’ OE stronger than their JE. Practical implications/originality/value: The study has made significant contributions to the body of knowledge at academic and practical levels by extending knowledge regarding the impact of CSR particularly internal CSR on employee attitude and behavior. Also through examining the impact of various dimensions of internal CSR on two dimensions of EE in a developing countries business environment, the banking sector in Jordan. Specifically, this study answers the call by many researchers for more studies to address the relationship between CSR activities and organizational performance in emerging economies.
Propagation of Pawpaw—A Review

Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) is an under-exploited small tree with commercial potential as a fruit crop, ornamental tree, and source of secondary products with insecticidal and medicinal properties. It is most often propagated from seeds that are recalcitrant and must be stored moist at a chilling temperature. Seeds display combinational (morphophysiological) dormancy. Endogenous, physiological dormancy is broken by about 100 days of chilling stratifi cation followed by a period of warm moist conditions where the small embryo develops prior to seedling emergence about 45 days after the warm period begins. Pawpaw cultivars with superior fruit characteristics are propagated by grafting onto seedling understocks. The most common practice is chip budding. Other methods of clonal propagation have proven problematic. Pawpaw can be propagated from cuttings, but only in very young seedling stock plants. Micropropagation from mature sources is not yet possible, but shoot proliferation has been accomplished from seedling explants and explants rejuvenated by induction of shoots from root cuttings of mature plants. However, rooting of microcuttings and subsequent acclimatization has not been successful.
Credit Reporting, Relationship Banking, and Loan Repayment

This paper examines the impact of credit reporting on the repayment behavior of borrowers. We implement an experimental credit market in which loan repayment is not third-party enforceable. We then compare market outcome with a public credit registry to that without a credit registry. This experiment is conducted for two market environments: first, a market in which repeat interaction between borrowers and lenders is not feasible and, second, a market in which borrowers and lenders can choose to trade repeatedly with each other. In the market without repeat interaction the credit market collapses without a credit registry, as lenders rightly fear that borrowers will default. The introduction of a registry in this environment significantly raises repayment rates and the credit volume extended by lenders. When repeat transactions are possible a credit registry is not necessary to sustain high market performance as relationship banking enforces repayment even when lenders cannot share information. In this environment credit reporting has little impact on market efficiency, it does however affect trading structure and distribution. The presence of a credit registry leads to fewer banking relationships and reduces the ability of lenders to extract rents from such relationships.
Phenomenological study of the liquid phase penetration on diesel sprays

The phenomenological characterization of the liquid phase penetration on the diesel spray through the combustion chamber is very important to prevent and to reduce the pollution emission on the heavy duty Diesel engines as well as new combustion chambers design, for this reason, this work has concentrated on the characterization of the macroscopic behavior of the liquid phase penetration of diesel spray. The main purpose of this research is to define the influence of the nozzle hole diameter, injection pressure, gas density and temperature in diesel spray penetration on evaporating conditions. The results show that the nozzle hole diameter and thermodynamics properties as the gas density and temperature have a significant effect on the liquid phase penetration, while the injection pressure has no significant effect on the maximum liquid phase penetration. Schematic diagrams and main components of the equipment, experimental layout for imaging tests, instantaneous spray images, example of the liquid phase penetration for different nozzle holes, injection pressures, different gas density and temperature are presented in the paper.
Dependence of the open-closed field line boundary in Saturn's ionosphere on both the IMF and solar wind dynamic pressure: comparison with the UV auroral oval observed by the HST

We model the open magnetic field region in Saturn's southern polar ionosphere during two compression regions observed by the Cassini spacecraft upstream of Saturn in January 2004, and compare these with the auroral ovals observed simultaneously in ultraviolet images obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope. The modelling employs the paraboloid model of Saturn's magnetospheric magnetic field, whose parameters are varied according to the observed values of both the solar wind dynamic pressure and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) vector. It is shown that the open field area responds strongly to the IMF vector for both expanded and compressed magnetic models, corresponding to low and high dynamic pressure, respectively. It is also shown that the computed open field region agrees with the poleward boundary of the auroras as well as or better than those derived previously from a model in which only the variation of the IMF vector was taken into account. The results again support the hypothesis that the auroral oval at Saturn is associated with the open-closed field line boundary and hence with the solar wind interaction.
Verbal fluency in children with intellectual disability: Influence of basic executive components

Phonemic and semantic fluency tasks are frequently used to differentiate executive control roles and the integrity of lexical-semantic representation. The main goal of this study is to determine the influence of basic executive components on phonemic and semantic productivity in children with mild intellectual disability. The sample consisted of 95 children with unspecified mild intellectual disability (MID), ages 10-13.11. Phonemic fluency was assessed by the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), while semantic fluency was assessed by the Category Naming Test (CNT). Cognitive flexibility was assessed by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Trail Making Test (TMT). Number Manipulation Task (NMT) was used for the verbal working memory assessment, while Day/Night Stroop Task was used for the assessment of inhibitory control. The results analysis showed that all of the assessed EF components significantly affect phonemic productivity. Semantic productivity significantly depends on WCST and TMT performance. Verbal working memory and inhibitory control do not significantly contribute to semantic productivity. The results of our study indicate that the discrepancy between phonemic and semantic productivity in children with MID could be directly associated with the basic executive functions components. Key words : verbal fluency, executive functions, mild intellectual disability
The Value of Narrative: Memory and Patrimony among the Siona

This paper explores the value of narrative of the Siona Indians of Colombia as cultural patrimony and expression of ethics and aesthetics of daily life, collective memory and identity. It focuses on a group of narratives collected in the 1960s by a young Siona man, Felinto Piaguaje, who learned to write his language. Five of these were presented in a workshop in 2014 that intended to collaborate with the ongoing language revitalization and ethnoeducation projects of this Western Tukanoan speaking group. Two of the narratives examined in the workshop are analyzed, as well as the discussions and performances that they stimulated. The participating elders emphasized their value for collective memory regarding their perspective of the world and need for their preservation as cultural patrimony. The young teachers expressed the value of the narratives for educational activities and ethnic identity because they reference their own tradition and language in a context of rapid change. Siona narrative tradition continues to invoke their perspective of a fractal universe as well as philosophy of living well. In addition, in the contemporary situation, these narratives represent the expression of identity for the Siona, conveying information about who they are to themselves and others.
Comparison of five methods of fat grafting

1 Associate Professor of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Imam Mousa Kazem Burn Hospital, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Resident of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Imam Mousa Kazem Burn Hospital, School of Medicine And Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 4 General Practitioner, Department of Surgery, Imam Mousa Kazem Burn Hospital, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 5 Scientometry Center, Vice Chancellery for Research and Technology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 6 Vice Chancellery for Research and Technology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Melting Process and the Equilibrium Melting Temperature of Polychlorotrifluoroethylene

A new method of estimating the equilibrium melting temperature, Tm, of a polymer is described, and applied to polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE). Experimentally determined values of the so-called observed melting point, Tm′(obs), are plotted as a function of the isothermal crystallization temperature, Tx. When freed of secondary effects, such as recrystallization, the data fit a straight line of positive slope on a Tm′(obs) versus Tx plot, Tx being the abscissa. This line is then extrapolated to its intersection with the line Tm′(obs)=Tx. The temperature at this intersection is Tm. This intersection is at 224 °C for PCTFE, and Tm is quoted as 224 ± 1 °C. (The highest melting point actually attained for a specimen was 218.2 °C.) The value of Tm estimated using the extrapolation procedure is compared with that estimated using the customary method of slow stepwise warming. A theoretical justification is given for making the type of plot mentioned above. The most important assumption used in the theory is that one of the dimensions of the growing crystal retains a value rather close to that of the appropriate growth nucleus during an isothermal crystallization, the other two dimensions being large in comparison. Combination of this with the fact that the relevant dimension of the growth nucleus will vary as the reciprocal of the degree of supercooling leads to the prediction of melting points that increase linearly with crystallization temperature. The assumption that one of the dimensions of the crystal retains a value fairly close to that of a growth nucleus can readily be justified on the basis of polymer crystal growth with chain folds. Its justification in the case of the customary bundlelike mode of crystallization is less clear. It is demonstrated experimentally that even the largest detectible crystals in PCTFE are only about 70 percent thicker than a primary nucleus, when secondary effects are minimized. The application of the theory to systems other than PCTFE is discussed briefly, and some preliminary measurements on polyethylene mentioned. Some points relating to the shape of the melting curves of highly crystalline polymers are also brought out.
Multilevel Monte Carlo for Random Degenerate Scalar Convection Diffusion Equation

We consider the numerical solution of scalar, nonlinear degenerate convection-diffusion problems with random diffusion coefficient and with random flux functions. Building on recent results on the existence, uniqueness and continuous dependence of weak solutions on data in the deterministic case, we develop a definition of random entropy solution. We establish existence, uniqueness, measurability and integrability results for these random entropy solutions, generalizing \cite{Mishr478,MishSch10a} to possibly degenerate hyperbolic-parabolic problems with random data. We next address the numerical approximation of random entropy solutions, specifically the approximation of the deterministic first and second order statistics. To this end, we consider explicit and implicit time discretization and Finite Difference methods in space, and single as well as Multi-Level Monte-Carlo methods to sample the statistics. We establish convergence rate estimates with respect to the discretization parameters, as well as with respect to the overall work, indicating substantial gains in efficiency are afforded under realistic regularity assumptions by the use of the Multi-Level Monte-Carlo method. Numerical experiments are presented which confirm the theoretical convergence estimates.
Modeling the global bomb tritium transient signal with the AGCM LMDZ‐iso: A method to evaluate aspects of the hydrological cycle

Improving the representation of the hydrological cycle in atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) is one of the main challenges in modeling the Earth's climate system. One way to evaluate model performance is to simulate the transport of water isotopes. Among those available, tritium is an extremely valuable tracer, because its content in the different reservoirs involved in the water cycle (stratosphere, troposphere, and ocean) varies by order of magnitude. Previous work incorporated natural tritium into Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Zoom (LMDZ)‐iso, a version of the LMDZ general circulation model enhanced by water isotope diagnostics. Here for the first time, the anthropogenic tritium injected by each of the atmospheric nuclear bomb tests between 1945 and 1980 has been first estimated and further implemented in the model; it creates an opportunity to evaluate certain aspects of LDMZ over several decades by following the bomb tritium transient signal through the hydrological cycle. Simulations of tritium in water vapor and precipitation for the period 1950–2008, with both natural and anthropogenic components, are presented in this study. LMDZ‐iso satisfactorily reproduces the general shape of the temporal evolution of tritium. However, LMDZ‐iso simulates too high a bomb tritium peak followed by too strong a decrease of tritium in precipitation. The too diffusive vertical advection in AGCMs crucially affects the residence time of tritium in the stratosphere. This insight into model performance demonstrates that the implementation of tritium in an AGCM provides a new and valuable test of the modeled atmospheric transport, complementing water stable isotope modeling.
Depressive Symptoms in Fathers and Their Adolescent Offspring: Findings From a Multi-Informant Two-Wave Study

Author: Kristin Garaas Lochen Supervisors: Wendy Nilsen and Espen Roysamb Title: Depressive symptoms in fathers and their adolescent offspring: Findings from a multiinformant two-wave study Background: The potential adverse effects of paternal depression on offspring mental health have received relatively little attention compared to maternal depression. Few studies have examined the association between paternal and offspring depressive symptoms, especially in adolescence. Of the limited studies available, there is a lack of studies utilizing multiinformant data on adolescent depressive symptoms. The main aim of the current study was to examine the association between paternal and offspring depressive symptoms in middle and late adolescence, using parent reports and self-reports on adolescent depressive symptoms. Method: Data were taken from two data waves of the prospective community-based study Tracking Opportunities and Problems in Childhood and Adolescence (the TOPP study). The sample comprised Norwegian adolescents aged 14-15 at wave 1 (N = 454) and 16-17 at wave 2 (N = 371), and their biological parents. Adolescent depressive symptoms were measured by the child and the parent version of the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire. Parent depressive symptoms were measured by the depression subscale from the self-report inventory Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were examined using multiple regression analyses, adjusting for maternal depressive symptoms and other relevant confounding variables. All analyses were run separately for each informants’ report on adolescent depressive symptoms. Results: Adolescents’ self-reports revealed considerably higher levels of depressive symptoms than parent reports on adolescent depressive symptoms. Significant associations between paternal and adolescent depressive symptoms were found cross-sectionally at both data waves and longitudinally only when fathers reported on adolescent depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Findings from the current study revealed that the levels of adolescent depressive symptoms, and the strength of the associations between paternal and adolescent depressive symptoms varied depending on which informant was reporting on adolescent depressive symptoms. These findings have important scientific implications, suggesting that future research should use multi-informant data when assessing adolescent depressive symptoms and the effects of paternal depression on adolescent offspring.
Diffusion of Information Technology, Internet Use and the Demand for Heterogeneous Labor

This paper analyzes the link between the diffusion of information- and communication technology (ICT) and both the skill structure and employment expectations of the different skill categories. The analysis is based on cross-sectional data for 4150 German firms conducted in mid-2000. The penetration of ICT is measured as the percentage of workers using a computer on the job for at least half of the working time, the number of computers per worker, percentage of workers with internet access, as well as the use of software applications such as ERP, CAD/CAE and database management systems. The empirical evidence indicates that firms with a higher diffusion of ICT employ a larger fraction of workers with a university degree as well as ICT specialists. Conversely, a greater ICT penetration is significantly negatively related to the share of both medium-skilled and unskilled workers. To account for censoring in the employment shares, the empirical analysis uses Powell? s (1984) Censored Least Absolute Deviations estimator (CLAD). Furthermore, results of ordered probit models show that employment expectations for workers with a university degree are positively related to the degree of ICT penetration.