Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Importance and Use of Normative Criteria to Manipulate Argument Quality

Argument quality plays an important theoretical and methodological role in persuasion research. Researchers frequently refrain from employing independent normative criteria to manipulate argument quality. Instead, they use pretests to qualify arguments that evoke predominantly favorable thoughts as strong and arguments that predominantly evoke unfavorable thoughts as weak. In this article, we analyze weak arguments as they have been used in actual studies. These weak arguments ranged from arguments referring to less favorable consequences compared to their strong counterparts, to consequences that are irrelevant to the participants, or even to undesirable consequences, thereby essentially functioning as counterarguments. We discuss the implications of this practice for our understanding of the persuasion process and our ability to provide evidence-based guidelines for message designers. We also provide guidelines on how to manipulate argument quality using normative criteria.
Constraints and Strategies to Scaling Up in Sport for Development and Peace Organizations: Evidence From the Field

The purpose of this study was to explore and examine the constraints faced by managers as they attempt to scale up their sport for development and peace (SDP) organizations, and to identify the strategies they are employing to mitigate these constraints. Previous research has not examined constraints to scaling up in the SDP nonprofit space. Findings revealed three major themes related to challenges within four types of scaling up (quantitative, functional, political, organizational); skepticism about sport as a development tool, funding challenges leading to an entrepreneurial mind-set, and challenges associated with a general lack of business acumen among key leaders. Within each of these three themes, strategies for addressing these constraints are illuminated. These constraints and strategies are positioned within the broader nonprofit context, and theoretical and practical implications for scaling up SDP organizations are also explicated.
Investigating homicide offender typologies based on their clinical histories and crime scene behaviour patterns

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify offender typologies based on aspects of the offenders’ psychopathology and their associations with crime scene behaviours using data derived from the National Confidential Enquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health concerning homicides in England and Wales committed by offenders in contact with mental health services in the year preceding the offence (n=759). Design/methodology/approach The authors used multiple correspondence analysis to investigate the interrelationships between the variables and hierarchical agglomerative clustering to identify offender typologies. Variables describing: the offenders’ mental health histories; the offenders’ mental state at the time of offence; characteristics useful for police investigations; and patterns of crime scene behaviours were included. Findings Results showed differences in the offenders’ histories in relation to their crime scene behaviours. Further, analyses revealed three homicide typologies: externalising, psychosis and depression. Practical implications These typologies may assist the police during homicide investigations by: furthering their understanding of the crime or likely suspect; offering insights into crime patterns; provide advice as to what an offender’s offence behaviour might signify about his/her mental health background. Findings suggest information concerning offender psychopathology may be useful for offender profiling purposes in cases of homicide offenders with schizophrenia, depression and comorbid diagnosis of personality disorder and alcohol/drug dependence. Originality/value Empirical studies with an emphasis on offender profiling have almost exclusively focussed on the inference of offender demographic characteristics. This study provides a first step in the exploration of offender psychopathology and its integration to the multivariate analysis of offence information for the purposes of investigative profiling of homicide by identifying the dominant patterns of mental illness within homicidal behaviour.
The Hopeful Minds Programme: A Mixed-method Evaluation of 10 School Curriculum Based, Theoretically Framed, Lessons to Promote Mental Health and Coping Skills in 8–14-year-olds

ABSTRACT This study is the first evaluation of Hopeful Minds: a novel school-based mental health promotion programme designed for children and pre-adolescents. Ten hope theory-based lessons were assessed. A mixed-methodology design was used with a sample of 127 participants (88 pre/post; 39 focus groups), aged 8–13 years. In the pre/post-study, there were significant improvements in anxiety and emotional regulation levels (primary school), coping and resilience levels (post-primary). Focus groups were conducted with three post-primary groups. The key overarching qualitative themes included developing a hopeful mind; increased emotional insight and awareness; improved resilience, confidence, self-belief, and developing new coping skills and a request to provide the programme to all transitioning primary school children. Outcomes provide preliminary evidence indicating that the Hopeful Minds programme, which utilises ‘Hope theory’ as it's foundation, has potential in preventing the development of mental health issues in pre and early adolescent children. Recommendations include adopting a whole school approach, include additional lessons on rumination and academic failure.
Pathways to Working Alliances: Special Educators’ Emotional Labor and Relationships with Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Background/Context Research has also shown that educators who are more socially and emotionally competent are more likely to create nurturing relationships and high-quality classroom environments that result in more academic success for students. Despite the importance of teacher-student relationships on student outcomes, limited research has investigated factors that contribute to development of these relationships, particularly for special education teachers (SETs) working with students with emotional/behavioral disorders (EBDs). Focus of Study This study explores educators’ emotions in the classroom through emotional labor theory, a framework for understanding how employees engage in the deliberate suppression or expression of emotions to achieve an organization's goals. We empirically investigate the potential connections between SETs’ perceptions of their administrators’ expectations about emotional displays, SETs’ emotional acting strategies, and teacher-student relationships. Setting This study was conducted within three schools in Western Pennsylvania serving students with EBDs in self-contained classrooms. Participants Participants included SETs (N = 61) serving K–12 students who have been identified as having EBDs. SET demographics were as follows: 75% female, average age 32 (range 23–51), and 97% Caucasian. Participants averaged 4.62 years of teaching experience with the study site. Research Design All SETs reported on their perceptions of emotional labor and their working alliances with each of their students in the fall semester. Students were nested within teachers, so we used multilevel path analyses to estimate mediational effects of emotional display rules and emotional acting on the teacher-student working alliance. Results The results of this study suggest important connections between SETs’ perceptions of emotional display rules, their use of emotional acting strategies, and their working alliances with students with EBDs. Specifically, SETs’ reported perceptions of negative display rules affected how they engaged in surface acting when interacting with students. SETs’ ratings of surface acting were associated with their working alliance tasks scores. Conclusions/Recommendations These findings confirm recent research showing that educators engage in emotional acting and that some dimensions of this acting contribute to their relationships with students. Our findings may also suggest that surface acting is an acceptable emotional acting strategy that supports SETs’ relationships with students. Because the emotional labor research in special education has yet to extrapolate on what display rules lead to the emotional acting strategies that the organization desires, how we make these rules more explicit could help teachers establish more sensibility regarding this area of their job.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KECANDUAN INTERNETDENGAN PROKRASTINASI TUGAS SEKOLAH PADA REMAJA PENGGUNA WARNET DI KECAMATAN MEDAN KOTA

This studyaimed to determinethe relationshipbetween internet addictionwithprocrastination of school work. Subjectswere youth of internet cafeusersin the district ofMedanKota, samples were takenwith purposive sampling technique. Data collection toolused is the internet addictionscaleandthe procrastination of school work scale. Analysis of datausing the Product Moment correlation technique from Pearson. Based onanalysis ofdata, found that thehypothesis presentedin this studyreceived, that there isa positive relationship between internet addiction to procrastination of school work at youth of internet cafeusersin the district ofMedanKota. This is evidenced bythe correlationcoefficientr xy = 0,770 withρ=0.000, while thecoefficientof determination(r²) of 59.3%. The result ofthe empirical meanandhypothetical mean obtained that internet addiction classified aslikely to be high (107.60>105)and procrastination of school work quitetends to be high (98.87>95). Key words : Internet addiction,procrastinationofschool work
Understanding Teaching Method Used in EFL Classroom: Studentsâ€™ and Teachersâ€™ Perspective

This study is focused on getting an understanding of the students and teachers perceptions of teaching methods use in EFL classroom. More importantly, this research is aimed at bringing to light how students and teachers in the higher education English language classroom help provide new meanings of how different methods are used in the classrooms. To make sense of their perceptions of teaching methods, we focus on four individual narrative interviews, classroom observations and two focus group discussions. The data findings show that a particular teaching method, such as students’ presentation, based on the students’ view, is due to that lecturers are not quite confident to speak in front of the classroom. The students assert that the lecturers seem are not quite well prepared to teach, so that the students are asked to make presentation in front of the classroom. This, based on the students’ view is about spending much time for the students to speak rather than their lecturers’ do. In addition, the data findings illustrate that the traditional methods used in the classroom such as classroom presentation and group discussion are needed to be modified by considering the employment of technology to mediate the acquisition of 21 century skills. In addition, the findings suggest that the lecturers’ experience during their careers and study deeply influence the way they conduct teaching methods in the classroom. Moreover, the data findings indicate that identity and the selfimage are prevalent in shaping the teaching methods the lecturers are used in the classroom. This study indicates that students and lecturers have different view point with regards to the teaching methods use in the higher education language classroom. It is suggested, therefore, that the use of teaching methods in the classroom should ideally involve the students’ view point to generate more effective and future goals oriented.
Justifying the Impact of Economic Deprivation, Maternal Status and Health infrastructure on Under-Five Child Mortality in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis

During the 1980’s child survival first time attached with biological and social factors for its determination (Mosley and Chen, 1984). Socioeconomic factors need some proximate factor to impact child survival, at that time policymakers believe that socioeconomic factors indirect impact on child survival. But maternal factors, environmental contamination, nutrient deficiency and injury have direct impact on child survival. This study has tried to justify the fact that economic deprivation, health, infrastructure and maternal status impact under-five child mortality in Pakistan over the period of 1980 to 2017. For checking the stationarity of the data, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test is applied. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model has been used for examining the co-integration among the variables of the model. Granger causality test has been applied to explore the causal relationship among the variables. The estimated results show that there is a long run relationship among the variables of the model. The results of Granger causality test highlight that there is unidirectional causality is running from independent variables to the dependent variable. The findings suggest that for reducing under-five child mortality, the government of Pakistan should improve the maternal status and health infrastructure whereas economic deprivation should be minimized.
Comparing ‘deep’ insider knowledge: developing analytical strategies for cross-national qualitative studies

ABSTRACT One overarching question in scholarly methodological discussions on qualitative comparative approaches concerns how it is possible to compare and generalise deep insider knowledge across (nationally) specific contexts. The aim of this article is to propose a research strategy that both facilitates the comparison and theorisation of such knowledge across nations and limits the risks of reproducing naturalised national ‘truths’. The strategy is developed within a feminist, cross-national, qualitative comparative analysis of how European countries addressed military deaths in connection with the ISAF mission in Afghanistan. The article underlines the importance of collective analytical work and of strategies that allow continuous movement between insider and outsider positions throughout the research process. A number of analytical strategies are presented: collective project design, alternating between analytical closeness and distance, and de-familiarising writing practices.
Effect of College Students’ Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy on Entrepreneurial Intention: Career Adaptability as a Mediating Variable

The aim of this study is to explore the relationship among college students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy, career adaptability, and entrepreneurial intention. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior（TPB）, this study adopted the entrepreneurial self-efficacy scale, career adaptability scale and entrepreneurial intention scale to investigate 1039 college students from a university in ShanDong province, China. The results indicated the following: (a) entrepreneurial self-efficacy of college student significantly and positively affected entrepreneurial intention; (b) entrepreneurial self-efficacy of college student significantly and positively affected career adaptability; (c) career adaptability significantly and positively affected entrepreneurial intention; and (d) career adaptability partially mediated the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention. The results of this study can serve as a reference for universities wishing to implement career education and provide entrepreneurship guidance.
Novel way for FMS score calculation highlights field of sport- specific information among young competitive athletes

Any complex movement encompasses information about a person’s abilities and disabilities. FMS™ test includes such exercise tests that have shown to reflect risk for injury in the athletic population. There are few reports where FMS™ score reflects certain sports to be more prone to injury. The inconsistency of results may arise from the way subtest scores are combined. Instead of a summation we propose to apply more justified method of geometric mean of subtest scores to tally the final composite score. We used tests on 215 young competitive athletes, 133 young female (age 17.35 ± 1,65) and 82 males (age 17,78± 2.1) from 8 fields of sport (volleyball, basketball, handball, fencing, judo, biathlon, cycling, soccer). Original FMS 21 point (FMS21) were used and for every participant’s arithmetic and geometric mean were calculated. The mean composite FMS™ score of young female athletes was 14.3±1.7 and for male’s 13.8±1.6 out of possible 21 total point. The comparison of sport-specific geometric mean values among girls showed that basketball players had significantly lower results than athletes from biathlon and handball players. Contrarily among boys the handball players had lowest values, being significantly lower from in cyclists, fencers and soccer players. Cyclists had also higher geometric mean values than volleyball players and judo athletes. Detailed analysis of the structure of differences is needed to highlight the specific causes impacting FMS_GM for assessment for seriousness and for specific exercises to potentially compensate for the sport specific detrimental effect on the kinematic chain.
A Preschool Teacher’s Perception of Teacher’s Roles in Children’s Emotion Regulation Development

This case study was to investigated in what ways early childhood teachers address children’s emotion regulation development, and to explore the aspects of teacher-student relationship that can influence children’ emotion regulation development. The data sources included participant observations, interview and documents. This study revealed that preschool teachers can influence children’s emotion regulation in various ways, such as modeling, direct intervene, discussions of emotion, and general warm and caring interactions. However, more efforts are required to increase parents’ and educators’ the awareness of teachers’ important roles in facilitating children’s emotion regulation.
Management issues and challenges of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT Saudi Arabia has five UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHS) and plans to submit additional sites for inscription in the future. With the current level of tourist visitation to the country and potential new influx, this creates major impacts for sites that lack resources for preservation and management. The purpose of this research note is to examine management issues and challenges of WHS in Saudi Arabia via a review of academic papers, reports from the World Heritage Centre and International Council of Monuments and Sites, and government documents. Findings identify common challenges and concerns that include resource allocation, obstacles to implement management plans, pressure from increased tourism and urban development, and associated environmental impacts. The implications call for sustainable management of the WHS in the country.
Populism and Polarization in Social Media Without Fake News: The Vicious Circle of Biases, Beliefs and Network Homophily

We build a search-and-matching algorithm of network dynamics with decision-making under incomplete information, seeking to understand the determinants of the observed gradual downgrading of expert opinion on complicated issues and the decreasing trust in science. Even without fake news, combining the internet's ease of forming networks with (a) individual biases, such as confirmation bias or assimilation bias, and (b) people's tendency to align their actions with those of peers, produces populist and polarization network dynamics. Homophily leads to actions with more weight on biases and less weight on expert opinion, and such actions lead to more homophily.
The Impact of Noise and Message Content on Message Elaboration of Psychiatric Help-Seeking Information – A Pilot Study

The decision to access healthcare resources and psychiatric treatment may be impacted by information provided in the external environment. For messages about depression, how and where messages are delivered may be critical to whether an individual seeks help. In this study, participants were placed in a simulated environment and asked to provide ratings of state anxiety, message elaboration, psychiatric help-seeking intentions, mental health anxiety, trait anxiety, and attitudes towards psychiatric help-seeking after 30 minutes. Overall, the study revealed that (1) the subjects in a high noise condition reported a higher level of state anxiety than subjects in a low noise condition, and (2) the effect of state anxiety on message elaboration depends on anxiety-relatedness. The study improves our understanding of the relationships between state anxiety, mental health anxiety, and trait anxiety. The results also offer implications for mental health communication as a critical path to depression treatment.
PEDAGOGICAL STRATEGIES AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN UGANDA

Purpose: This study analysed the relationship between pedagogical strategies and academic achievement of students in public universities in Uganda. Specifically, the study analysed the relationship between student-centred, teacher-centred and teacher-student pedagogical strategies with academic achievement of students.Methodology: The study adopted a correlational design and data were collected using a questionnaire on a sample of 383. Quality control of data was ensured by carrying out Confirmatory Factor Analysis and calculating Cronbach’s alpha. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential analyses.Findings: Regression results revealed that the student-centred strategy had a positive and significant influence on academic achievement of students but the teacher-centred and teacher-student interaction strategies did not. Therefore, the student-centred pedagogical strategy is essential for academic achievement of students, the teacher-centred pedagogical strategy is less affective teaching strategy for academic achievement of students and the teacher-student pedagogical strategy is not the most important teaching strategy for academic achievement of students.Contribution to policy, practice and policy: The study suggests that lecturers in the universities should prioritise the student-centred pedagogical strategy when teaching students, should give least priority to teacher-centred pedagogical strategy when teaching students, and should not over prioritise the teacher-student pedagogical strategy when carrying teaching of students.
Teacher Profiles of Psychological Capital and Their Relationship with Burnout

This study adopts a person-centered approach to identify the possible existence of different teacher profiles of psychological capital, according to the way in which its four components combine (efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience). The study aimed to examine whether the identified profiles differed in their levels of burnout. In total, 1379 non-university teachers participated in the study. A latent profile analysis was performed using MPlus 7.11 software. Seven teaching profiles of psychological capital were identified, differing both quantitatively and qualitatively. The differences between the profiles in burnout were estimated using SPSS 26 software. Teachers with a profile of low psychological capital (i.e., low confidence of successfully completing challenging tasks—efficacy; lack of energy for establishing personal goals and working towards achieving them —hope; little tendency to make positive causal attributions and develop expectations of success—optimism; and low capacity to recover or emerge stronger from adverse situations—resilience) exhibited significantly higher levels of burnout. The lowest levels of burnout were found in the profile of high psychological capital (i.e., higher in efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience). These results suggest that teachers who can muster the four components of psychological capital are more protected against burnout.