Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The star formation law at GMC scales in M33, the Triangulum galaxy

We present a high spatial resolution study, on scales of ∼100 pc, of the relationship between star formation rate (SFR) and gas content within Local Group galaxy M33. Combining deep SCUBA-2 observations with archival GALEX, SDSS, WISE, Spitzer, and submillimetre Herschel data, we are able to model the entire SED from UV to sub-mm wavelengths. We calculate the SFR on a pixel-by-pixel basis using the total infrared luminosity, and find a total SFR of 0.17±0.06M ⊙ 0.17±0.06M⊙ yr−1, somewhat lower than our other two measures of SFR – combined FUV and 24 μ μ m SFR ( 0.25 +0.10 −0.07 M ⊙ 0.25−0.07+0.10M⊙ yr−1) and SED-fitting tool magphys ( 0.33 +0.05 −0.06 M ⊙ 0.33−0.06+0.05M⊙ yr−1). We trace the total gas using a combination of the 21cm H i line for atomic hydrogen, and CO(J=2−1) data for molecular hydrogen. We have also traced the total gas using dust masses. We study the star formation law in terms of molecular gas, total gas, and gas from dust. We perform an analysis of the star formation law on a variety of pixel scales, from 25 arcsec to 500 arcsec (100 pc to 2 kpc). At kpc scales, we find that a linear Schmidt-type power law index is suitable for molecular gas, but the index appears to be much higher with total gas, and gas from dust. Whilst we find a strong scale dependence on the Schmidt index, the gas depletion time-scale is invariant with pixel scale.
THE STRUCTURE, LIMITS, AND DRIVERS OF DAPHNID DIVERSITY: UNDERSTANDING THE PARADOX OF AZISCOHOS LAKE, MAINE

In 1961 Hutchinson proposed the “Paradox of the Plankton” questioning how sympatric planktonic species can coexist for long periods of time while seemingly avoiding the competitive exclusion principle. As this ‘paradox’ became a focus of inquiry, one researcher conducted a 2-year study (1961-1962; Tappa 1965) on Aziscohos Lake Daphnia to address the question. While the study did not solve the enigma, it provided a detailed record of the dynamics and interactions of six coexisting species. Aziscohos Lake and its zooplankton have not been studied since. This study revisits the ‘paradox of the plankton’ by establishing the dynamics of extant Daphnid populations within Aziscohos Lake. Analysis of plankton tows indicate that five species (D. catawba, D. ambigua, D. g. mendotae, D.retrocurva, D. dubia) from Tappa’s study are still present in addition to three species (D. rosea, D. schødleri, D. parvula) recorded for the first time in Aziscohos Lake. This composition is unusually high given that the typical lake has between 1 and 3 species of Daphnia. It is proposed here that a seasonal compression of the littoral region from drawdowns of Aziscohos Lake is forcing littoral species into direct competition and overlap with pelagic species. This results in a higher species richness from a pelagic sample than the average lake that does not undergo such drastic lake level fluctuations. Further research of the littoral zone of Aziscohos Lake is recommended, as all previous studies have focused on the pelagic zone.
Executing trades in style: retail investors vs. institutions

ABSTRACT Employing an exhaustive sample of trades made by all investors in a fully automated order-driven stock market, we examine trade execution prices between retail and institutional investors. Retail investors execute both purchases and sales systematically at better prices than domestic institutions but receive better prices than foreign institutions only when executing sales. Importantly, we also find some evidence consistent with the hypothesis that retail investors have a comparative advantage in executing trades of small-cap stocks. Based on a population of retail trades, our findings are not consistent with the stereotype arising from earlier studies that retail investors are noise traders.
Role of Liv . 52 DS Tablets as a Hepatoprotective Agent in Tuberculosis Patients Receiving Antitubercular Drugs : A Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study

Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a potentially serious adverse effect of antituberculosis treatment regimens containing Isoniazid, Rifampicin and Pyrazinamide short-course (DOTS) strategy for control of tuberculosis endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and all the three drugs have been observed to have hepatotoxic potential. A review of available literature suggests that reduction in lipid peroxide content in tissue and increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione-s-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities should help to maintain liver cell integrity and control the increase in level of liver enzymes. Liv.52 DS, a polyherbal formulation, has been used and clinically documented extensively for its various benefits in the management of various hepatic disorders over the past 55 years. In the present study, Liv.52 DS was evaluated in 90 cases of TB-DILI for hepatoprotective activity in a double blind placebo controlled design for 6 months. Statistical analysis showed improvement in haemoglobin, serum protein and the signs and symptoms of TB-DILI. Also, significant reduction was observed in liver enzymes; SGOT, SGPT, Serum Alkaline Phosphatase and serum bilirubin. Thus, the results were suggestive of positive outcome in the management of TB-DILI by Liv.52 DS formulation.
Comparison of the Distances between the Maxillary Sinus Floor and Root-Tips of the First and Second Maxillary Molar Teeth Using Panoramic Radiography among Dolichocephalic and Brachycephalic and Mesocephalic Individuals

Introduction: Comparison of the relationships and distance between maxillary root tips and the maxillary sinus floor using oral panoramic in the dolichocephalic and brachycephalic compared to mesocephalic individuals. Methods: Oral panoramic images from 300 individuals were analyzed and the relationships and distance between the maxillary root tips and the sinus floor was assessed by qualitative and quantitative variables. Results: The distance was significantly higher in the brachycephalic groups than that of the mesocephalic, and the mesocephalic group showed longer distance in comparison to dolichocephalic individuals. Qualitative comparison showed that type 1 relationship was the dominant position in the brachycephalic individuals while most of dolichocephalic individuals demonstrated type 2 and 3 relationships of the molar root tips and the maxillary sinus floor. Conclusion: Higher distances between the molar root tips and the maxillary sinus floor could be expected in the brachycephalic than mesocephalic and dolichocephalic individuals
Spin-to-orbital conversion of the angular momentum of light and its classical and quantum applications

A few years ago the possibility of coupling and inter-converting the spin and orbital angular momentum (SAM and OAM) of paraxial light beams in inhomogeneous anisotropic media was demonstrated. An important case is provided by waveplates having a singular transverse pattern of the birefringent optical axis, with a topological singularity of charge q at the plate center, hence named ‘q-plates’. The introduction of q-plates has given rise in recent years to a number of new results and to significant progress in the field of orbital angular momentum of light. Particularly promising are the quantum photonic applications, because the polarization control of OAM allows the transfer of quantum information from the SAM qubit space to an OAM subspace of a photon and vice versa. In this paper, we review the development of the q-plate idea and some of the most significant results that have originated from it, and we will briefly touch on many other related findings concerning the interaction of the SAM and OAM of light.
Context dependent and time-course dependent prosodic analysis

In this preliminary study, we examine the change in prosodic parameters along personal interviews comprised of six questions. Our purpose is to demonstrate the importance of examining prosodic discourse context when studying conversational prosody. Findings show that as the interview unfolds, speakers tend to increase their speaking rate in longer IPUs while their intensity is lowered, and its instability increases. It is suggested here that the meaningful context that might explain the behavior of the acoustic parameters is the level of intimacy for one group of features, and the level of fluency and "easy going" topic for a different group of features. This preliminary study shows that context dependent and time-course dependent prosodic analysis are associated with the discourse content and can assist in understanding the discourse as a whole and the interaction in which it occurred.
The impact of TQM on financial performance

The question of whether an adoption of total quality management (TQM) improves the financial performance has been discussed for several years. Various studies have been conducted to examine the impact of TQM on financial performance, but there is still disagreement concerning the effectiveness of TQM. This paper presents a study of Swedish quality award recipients, which are compared to branch indices and to identified competitors. The comparison concerns the development of different financial performance indicators. The study indicates that the award recipients as a group outperform the branch index and their identified competitors on most of the studied indicators.
Anticipating Long-Term Stock Market Volatility

We investigate the relationship between long-term U.S. stock market risks and the macroeconomic environment using a two component GARCH-MIDAS model. Our results provide strong evidence in favor of counter-cyclical behavior of long-term stock market volatility. Among the various macro variables in our dataset the term spread, housing starts, corporate profits and the unemployment rate have the highest predictive ability for stock market volatility . While the term spread and housing starts are leading variables with respect to stock market volatility, for corporate profits and the unemployment rate expectations data from the Survey of Professional Forecasters regarding the future development are most informative. Our results suggest that macro variables carry information on stock market risk beyond that contained in lagged realized volatilities, in particular when it comes to long-term forecasting.
Magnetic Nanoparticle Superstructures

The aim of this microreview is to present recent advances in the preparation of magnetic nanoparticle superstructures from ferrofluids and by nanosphere lithography. Different successes of methods presented in this article to create magnetic nanoparticles will be discussed in view of different requirements of available assembling techniques. Theoretical aspects of nanoparticle assemblies and their assembled layer magnetic properties are not reviewed here. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Plantar Pressure Distribution in Patients with Flexible Flat Foot, High Arched Foot and Diabetic Foot Without Neuropathy Versus Normal

The purpose of this study was to determine the plantar pressure distribution in adult subjects suffering from flexible flat foot, high arched foot and diabetic foot without neuropathy versus normal using a pedobarograph. The plantar pressure of foot distribution regarding flexible flat foot, high arched foot and diabetic foot without neuropathy and normal subjects was measured during static and walking in each subject during normal walking speed. Sixty male subjects contributed in this study divided into four groups, the first group is flexible flat foot, the second group is high arched foot, the third group is diabetic foot without neuropathy, and the fourth group is the control or normal subjects. Time series pressure measurements for all sensors were grouped into five anatomical areas of human foot. In normal subjects, the hind foot (heel) was the first part of the foot receiving the weight bearing of the body. Then it moved to the toe through the midfoot and the metatarsal area. The highest mean pressure in normal subjects was found posterior in the hind foot under the heel and then anterior under the metatarsal heads. The lowest pressure distribution was under the cuboid bone. The highest mean plantar pressure distribution in the flat foot subjects was found under cuboid bone compared to normal subjects. The highest mean plantar pressure distribution in the high arched foot subjects or pes cavus was lower under all parts of foot. The highest mean of plantar pressure distribution in the diabetic foot without neuropathy was found under both forefoot and rear foot.
Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and essential oil composition in Ocimum basilicumvar. Genovese

Abstract Sweet basil is characterized by its essential oils, synthesized and stored in glandular hairs. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonize the root of most terrestrial plants, forming a very common symbiosis. In the present paper, the effects induced by three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae or Gigaspora margarita or Gi-gaspora rosea) on shoot growth and essential oil production of Ocimum basilicum var. Genovese were evaluated. Gi. rosea significantly increased internode number and decreased internode distance in comparison with control plants and the other fungal treatments. Furthermore, Gi. margarita and Gi. rosea modified essential oil content analyzed semi-quantitatively.
Hierarchical clustering based structural learning of Bayesian networks

Bayesian networks are being used in various domains, such as data mining, diagnosis, bioinformatics/computational biology, etc. One problem associated with Bayesian networks is to learn their structures from training data. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to structural learning of Bayesian networks, based on hierarchical clustering. We learn the network in hierarchical stages, learning over a subset of the random variables at each stage. Experiments show that this approach learns Bayesian networks faster as compared to curriculum-based learning methods. We show a comparison of our networks with curriculum based learned Bayesian networks over different evaluation metrics as well. Also, performance of hierarchical clustering vs an existing ordering-based algorithm is observed.
Coping by Competitive Athletes With Performance Stress : Gender Differences and Relationships With Affect

This study evaluated patterns of coping, relationships between coping and negative and positive affect, and gender differences in coping and affect in competitive athletes. A sample of 235 female and male athletes reported recent stressful performance situations and indicated appraisals related to performance goals, coping, and affective responses. Lack of goal attainment (goal incongruence) was used as a measure of stress. Group means for coping indicated that athletes primarily used strategies such as increasing effort, planning, suppressing competing activities, active coping, and self-blame. Females used higher levels of seeking social support for emotional reasons and increasing effort to manage goal frustration. Males experienced higher levels of positive affect. For positive affect, regression analysis found a significant five-variable solution (R2 = .31). For negative affect, there was also a significant five-variable solution (P = .38). The gender differences were not congruent with views that males would use higher levels of problemfocused coping.
6-2005 Institutions and Growth Volatility

Apart from the human suffering it causes, growth volatility is a major factor that retards growth. Recently several studies provided empirical evidence that democratic political institutions generate less volatile growth. In the economics literature fluctuations in major macroeconomic processes, like aggregate investment, are considered fundamental factors influencing growth volatility. However, the studies on democracy and growth volatility do not provide any link between democracy and investment volatility. Here, instead of democracy, we consider another institutional variable in explaining growth volatility: we focus on the specific channel that links individualistic societies and low growth volatility. In our theoretical model, it turns out that in a collectivistic society agents choose to invest together or choose not to invest together. In an individualistic society, on the other hand, there are also some parameter values at which the agents with more wealth choose to invest while the agents with less wealth do not find it worth investing. Hence, investment volatility and consequently growth volatility are lower in an individualistic society than in a collectivistic society. This is because in an individualistic society, agents are able to reap the entire benefits of their individual investments themselves and make their investment decisions regardless of the other agent’s investment decision. Whereas in a collectivistic society, individuals are not able to reap the entire benefits of their individual investments themselves and cannot make their investment decisions regardless of the other agent’s investment decision. We test the theoretical model’s prediction by constructing a two-equation system of investment and income growth volatility, allowing various measures of individualism to influence growth volatility both directly and indirectly. Using standard controls, we importantly control for the development of democratic institutions. Based on a battery of sensitivity tests, we find individualism significantly directly and indirectly influences growth volatility negatively. We also find that, unlike individualism, democracy’s influence on investment depends on the measure of democracy and econometric specification used. ______________________________________________________________________ * We would like to thank Geert Hofstede, Cem Karayalcin, Dani Rodrik and Mehmet Ali Ulubasoglu for their many helpful comments and suggestions at various stages of this project. ** Nejat Anbarci, Department of Economics, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33186, phone: 305.348. 2735; fax: 305.348. 1524; e-mail: anbarcin@fiu.edu (corresponding author). Jonathan Hill, Department of Economics, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33186, phone: 305.348. 2682; fax: 305.348. 1524; e-mail: hilljona@fiu.edu. Hasan Kirmanoglu, Department of Economics, Bilgi University, Inonu cad. , No. 28, Sisli, Istanbul 80130, Turkey; phone: +90.212. 311.6329; fax:+90.212. 216.8478; e-mail: hkirman@bilgi.edu. tr.
Investigating the Role of Open Bigrams in Visual Word Perception

Many models of word identification suppose a hierarchical system in which units at increasing levels respond to features, letters, letter combinations, and words. Some models suppose units responsive to bigrams—letter pairs—that may not be adjacent in a letter-string stimulus. In such a model, a stimulus such as BIRD would activate, at the bigram level, bigrams representing adjacent letters BI, IR, and RD, and also bigrams representing nonadjacent letters BR and ID. Grainger, Mathot, and Vitu (2014) reported an experiment in which strings to be classified as words or pseudowords were flanked by bigrams from the target string or not; for flanking bigrams consisting of target-string letters, the order of the bigrams was as in the target string or switched, and the order of letters within the bigrams was as in the target string or switched. For example, BIRD could appear with these flankers: BI BIRD RD; RD BIRD BI; IB BIRD DR; DR BIRD IB; CE BIRD NT. Grainger et al. (2014) found, for words, better performance when flanking bigrams contained target-string letters (e.g., BI BIRD RD; RD BIRD BI; IB BIRD DR; DR BIRD IB) than when they did not (e.g., CE BIRD NT); and better performance when flanking bigrams contained letters ordered as in the target (e.g., BI BIRD RD; RD BIRD BI) than switched (e.g., IB BIRD DR; DR BIRD IB); but whether flanking bigrams were ordered as in the target did not affect performance. We investigated whether flanking open bigrams facilitate lexical decisions. Experiment 1 investigated performance in the conditions from Grainger et al. (2014). The results of Experiment 1 essentially replicated those of Grainger et al. (2014). Experiment 2 included four additional conditions in which the flanking bigrams consist of letters
Adaptive Process Simplification and Conformance Checking in Event Logs

In this paper, we used two classes of process mining techniques (i.e., Discovery and Conformance Analysis) in order to discover models and organizational structures related to the handling of proceedings’ peer reviews in an international conference in Thailand. We monitored the deviations, comparing the observed events (real-life data) with the predefined models, as well. Knowing that ProM plugins receive the input logs only in MXML (Mining eXtensible Markup Language) and XES (eXtensible Event Stream) formats, we chose ProMimport as a framework to extract MXML log from an event log consisted of 87 cases (papers) and 3267 events. Alpha (α) Algorithm, Heuristic, Fuzzy and Social Network mining techniques (from Discovery class) were applied to automatically construct the proceedings’ review models, primarily without any priori model. Though the Heuristic Miner closely followed the Alpha algorithm, the technique had the privilege to derive XOR and AND connectors from dependency relations of the event log. Next, the actual process behavior was projected onto fuzzy models. The result was an animation movie coming up with a better understanding of what has occurred in reality. Also, using Social Network Miner technique we could analyze the organizational perspective of the peer review process in terms of three metrics, namely as: (a) Handover of Work, (b) Working Together, and (c) Similar Tasks. Alternatively, having a priori model for review of the proceedings, we used LTL Checker and Performance Analysis techniques (from Conformance Checker class) to identify discrepancies between the log and the pre-defined model. After applying the LTL checking approach, the deviations were detected — leading to enrich the real model. In addition, Performance Analysis technique made us capable of projecting the bottlenecks all through the peer review system. In general, one of the main benefits of the techniques used in this paper is that information is objectively compiled. To say simple, we gathered valuable information about what actually was happening according to the review process of the papers and existing bottlenecks, and not what we just thought or expected to see happening in the event log. Considering the results of the study, conference committee chairs can better evaluate the performance of the involving reviewers (as well as team members) within the assigned tasks. This will improve the performance, efficiency and effectiveness of the handling of reviews for prospective academic/educational conferences.