Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bell's Palsy Associated with Linezolid Therapy: Case Report and Review of Neuropathic Adverse Events

Bell's palsy is one of the most common neurologic disorders affecting the seventh cranial nerve. Several disease states have been associated with facial paralysis. Drugs, however, have been rarely implicated as an etiology. We describe a 49‐year‐old man who developed peripheral facial paralysis after 3 weeks of linezolid therapy, along with recurrence of symptoms on rechallenge. He had insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus and a longstanding history of bilateral diabetes‐related foot problems. After hospitalization, debridement, and vancomycin therapy for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis, the patient was discharged to home with oral linezolid therapy. On day 23 of linezolid therapy, he developed signs and symptoms that were consistent with Bell's palsy. Linezolid was discontinued; the Bell's palsy gradually improved, with complete resolution occurring at month 3. On rechallenge with linezolid for recurrent osteomyelitis, the patient developed a second episode of Bell's palsy within a similar time frame as in the first episode. Assessment of causality using the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale revealed a probable relationship between this adverse drug event and linezolid therapy. Clinicians should be aware that Bell's palsy may be another neuropathic adverse effect associated with linezolid.
Cheating Under Pressure: A Self-Protection Model of Workplace Cheating Behavior

Workplace cheating behavior is unethical behavior that seeks to create an unfair advantage and enhance benefits for the actor. Although cheating is clearly unwanted behavior within organizations, organizations may unknowingly increase cheating as a byproduct of their pursuit of high performance. We theorize that as organizations place a strong emphasis on high levels of performance, they may also enhance employees’ self-interested motives and need for self-protection. We suggest that demands for high performance may elicit performance pressure—the subjective experience that employees must raise their performance efforts or face significant consequences. Employees’ perception of the need to raise performance paired with the potential for negative consequences is threatening and heightens self-protection needs. Driven by self-protection, employees experience anger and heightened self-serving cognitions, which motivate cheating behavior. A multistudy approach was used to test our predictions. Study 1 developed and provided validity evidence for a measure of cheating behavior. Studies 2 and 3 tested our predictions in time-separated field studies. Results from Study 2 demonstrated that anger mediates the effects of performance pressure on cheating behavior. Study 3 replicated the Study 2 findings, and extended them to show that self-serving cognitions also mediate the effects of performance pressure on cheating behavior. Implications of our findings for theory and practice are provided.
Are We Moving Towards Functioning Agricultural Markets and Trade Relations

We introduce a special feature on the functioning of international agricultural markets. This feature is motivated by the increased interest in the functioning of commodity markets raised by unprecedented price turbulences since 2008, major structural changes through changed roles of emerging economies and related concerns regarding food security. We argue that the delineation of non-functioning markets from markets that adequately adjusted to adverse framework conditions lacks theoretical foundation. We discuss the relevance of some results on institutions for agricultural markets in emerging and transition countries. A synthesis of the articles included in the special feature is provided by highlighting the selection of topics that span a topical range covering price formation on world and domestic markets, market power and trade policy modelling.
Survival differences between patients with scalp or neck melanoma and those with melanoma of other sites in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program.

OBJECTIVE To compare the prognosis of patients with scalp or neck (scalp/neck) melanomas with that of patients with melanomas at other sites in a large, population-based national data set controlling for known prognostic factors. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study using US cancer registries that constitute the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 13 Registries (SEER-13) database. PATIENTS A total of 51 704 non-Hispanic white adults in the United States with a first invasive cutaneous melanoma reported during the period 1992 to 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were used to compare melanoma-specific survival by anatomic site at 5 and 10 years. Multivariate Cox models were used to examine the hazard ratio (HR) of melanoma-specific death associated with scalp/neck melanoma compared with melanoma of the extremities after controlling for other variables. RESULTS The 5- and 10-year Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities for scalp/neck melanoma were 83.1% and 76.2%, respectively, compared with 92.1% and 88.7%, respectively, for melanoma of the other sites, including extremities, trunk, face, and ears (log-rank test; P < .001). In a multivariate Cox model, the patients with melanoma of the scalp/neck died of melanoma at 1.84 times (HR, 1.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.62-2.10) the rate of those with melanoma on the extremities, controlling for age, Breslow thickness, sex, and ulceration. Neither excluding cases of lentigo maligna and nodular melanoma nor controlling for lymph node involvement materially changed the HR for scalp/neck melanoma. CONCLUSIONS A notable survival difference remained between scalp/neck melanoma and melanoma of other sites even after adjustment for important prognostic factors. This finding has implications for screening and public health recommendations, and we urge physicians, physician assistants, nurses, and nurse practitioners to examine the scalp/neck carefully during routine skin examinations. Further studies are needed to understand the biological or environmental factors leading to survival differences by anatomic site.
Eddy-Current Induction by a Coil Whose Axis is Perpendicular to that of a Tube

We have derived analytical expressions for the quasi-static time-harmonic electromagnetic field of a circular coil used to induce eddy currents in a tube or pipe, the axis of the coil being perpendicular to that of the conductor. The results are used to determine coil impedance variations with frequency and position due to induced current. The analysis is based on a derivation of the transverse electric field of a circular current filament in free space expressed as a single layer potential. Integration of the filament field yields the coil field and its impedance in the presence of a tube. We have used the theory and a numerical approximation in fitting the frequency dependence of experimental coil impedance and thereby determined accurate estimates of the electrical conductivity of an inconel tube and the coil lift-off. Finding these parameters is a preliminary step in evaluating coil interactions with flaws.
Espoused versus realized knowledge management tool usage in knowledge intensive organizations

Abstract Many knowledge-intensive organizations (KIOs) have invested in tools and policies to enhance knowledge-sharing and application as this is crucial for their growth. The implementation of these tools results in multiple approaches for knowledge-sharing being available. This article reports on an empirical study of five global management consultancies investigating how consultants choose between these knowledge-sharing alternatives and the factors driving this choice. Our findings indicate that consultants base their decisions on both judging the anticipated benefits of the knowledge content and the associated process costs. Importantly, the criteria employed to assess these knowledge-sharing alternatives were different to that of the leadership. The use of different criteria resulted in the leadership championing tools and policies that the consultants did not perceive as valuable. The study contributes to the HRM and knowledge management literature, not only by surfacing criteria, yet to be discussed in the literature, used by the leadership and consultants of KIOs in determining which knowledge-sharing approach to use, but also by highlighting that when considering KM tools it was critical to take a multi-level approach as there may be some differences in rationales as to why some systems are used or not.
South African consumer sentiment towards marketing : a longitudinal analysis

A constant interaction occurs between the firm, its markets and the variables in the business environment. This dynamic interaction ensures that changes in the environment continuously exert an influence on consumer attitudes and sentiment and how consumers react to and perceive the marketing of products and services. The primary objective of this longitudinal study is to measure South African consumer sentiment towards marketing and to compare the results with previous studies done in 1990 and 1994. Secondary objectives include an investigation to establish to what extent this sentiment towards marketing is influenced by demographic variables. Although the marketing index decreased during the period 1990 to 1994, it improved dramatically during the period 1994 to 1999. In contrast to the previous studies it was established that demographic factors had no significant influence on the sentiment towards marketing in this study. As it is generally acknowledged that attitudes influence actual buying behaviour, marketers need to be aware that attitudes and sentiment toward marketing and marketing activities can change over time and proactive steps need to be taken to ensure that sentiment remains positive regardless of the changes in the external environment.
The Effects of Women's Labor Force Participation: An Explanation of Changes in Household Income Inequality

Abstract:Some previous studies of the relationship between women's labor force participation and household income inequality indicate that the promotion of the former has an equalizing effect on the latter; other studies insist that the promotion of women's labor force participation has a widening effect on household income inequality by way of the tendency toward assortative marriage. Hence, the relationship between women's labor force participation and household income inequality is unclear in the literature. This study aims to clarify the mechanism through which the interaction between household income and marriage produces social inequality by using mathematical and simulation-based approaches. The presented findings suggest that the promotion of women's labor force participation has a temporary widening effect on household income inequality, but an attenuating effect in the long run. They also state that assortative marriage itself has no widening effect on household income inequality, but rather an accelerating effect on widening inequality. Finally, by applying the model of that mechanism to Japan, I examine changes in household income inequality in that country.
Comparative assessment of urinary prostate cancer antigen 3 and TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion with the serum [-2]proprostate-specific antigen-based prostate health index for detection of prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND We compared urinary prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3), transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2):v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (avian) (ERG) gene fusion (T2:ERG), and the serum [-2]proprostate-specific antigen ([-2]proPSA)-based prostate health index (Phi) for predicting biopsy outcome. METHODS Serum samples and first-catch urine samples were collected after digital rectal examination (DRE) from consented outpatients with PSA 0.5-20 μg/L who were scheduled for prostate biopsy. The PCA3 score (PROGENSA PCA3, Hologic Gen-Probe) and T2:ERG score (Hologic Gen-Probe) were determined. Measurements of serum PSA, free PSA, and [-2]proPSA (Beckman Coulter) were performed, and the percentages of free PSA (%fPSA) and Phi ([-2]proPSA/fPSA × √PSA) were determined. RESULTS Of 246 enrolled men, prostate cancer (PCa) was diagnosed in 110 (45%) and there was no evidence of malignancy (NEM) in 136 (55%). A first set of biopsies was performed in 136 (55%) of all men, and 110 (45%) had ≥1 repeat biopsies. PCA3, Phi, and T2:ERG differed significantly between men with PCa and NEM, and these markers showed the largest areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) (0.74, 0.68, and 0.63, respectively). PCA3 had the largest AUC of all parameters, albeit not statistically different from Phi. Phi showed somewhat lower specificities than PCA3 at 90% sensitivity. Combination of both markers enhanced diagnostic power with modest AUC gains of 0.01-0.04. Although PCA3 had the highest AUC in the repeat-biopsy cohort, the highest AUC for Phi was observed in DRE-negative patients with PSA in the 2-10 μg/L range. CONCLUSIONS PCA3 and Phi were superior to the other evaluated parameters but their combination gave only moderate enhancements in diagnostic accuracy for PCa at first or repeat prostate biopsy.
Fabry Disease: Incidence of the Common Later-Onset α-Galactosidase A IVS4+919G→A Mutation in Taiwanese Newborns—Superiority of DNA-Based to Enzyme-Based Newborn Screening for Common Mutations

Fabry disease is a panethnic, X-linked, inborn error of glycosphingolipid metabolism resulting from mutations in the α-galactosidase A gene (GLA) that lead to the deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme, α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A). Affected males with no α-Gal A activity have the early-onset classic phenotype, whereas those with residual activity present with the later-onset subtype. Recently, we reported that newborn enzyme-based screening using dried blood spots (DBS) in Taiwan revealed a high incidence of newborn males who had the GLA c.936+919G→A (IVS4+919G→A) mutation. This lesion causes cryptic splicing, markedly reducing the amount of wild-type GLA mRNA, and has been found in males with the later-onset Fabry phenotype, manifesting as cardiac, renal and/or cerebrovascular disease. To more accurately determine the incidence of the IVS4+919G→A mutation, 20,063 consecutive newborns were screened by a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based assay. Of the 10,499 males, 12 (1/875) and 24 of the 9,564 females (1/399) had the mutation. On the basis of these frequencies, the previous newborn enzyme-based DBS screening (cutoff: <30% of the normal mean) only identified 67% and 17% of mutation-positive males and females, respectively. The mean DBS α-Gal A activities in the mutation-positive males and females were 23% (1.54 U) and 55% (3.63 U) of normal mean male/female values, respectively. These studies confirm the high incidence of the IVS4+919G→A mutation in the Taiwanese population and indicate that its detectability by enzyme-based DBS screening is unreliable, especially in females. These studies emphasize the superiority of DNA-based newborn screening for common mutations, particularly for X-linked diseases.
Protein kinase C and the development of diabetic vascular complications

Hyperglycemic control in diabetes is key to preventing the development and progression of vascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Increased activation of the diacylglycerol (DAG)‐protein kinase C (PKC) signal transduction pathway has been identified in vascular tissues from diabetic animals, and in vascular cells exposed to elevated glucose. Vascular abnormalities associated with glucose‐induced PKC activation leading to increased synthesis of DAG include altered vascular blood flow, extracellular matrix deposition, basement membrane thickening, increased permeability and neovascularization. Preferential activation of the PKCβ isoform by elevated glucose is reported to occur in a variety of vascular tissues. This has lead to the development of LY333531, a PKCβ isoform specific inhibitor, which has shown potential in animal models to be an orally effective and nontoxic therapy able to produce significant improvements in diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and cardiac dysfunction. Additionally, the antioxidant vitamin E has been identified as an inhibitor of the DAG‐PKC pathway, and shows promise in reducing vascular complications in animal models of diabetes. Given the overwhelming evidence indicating a role for PKC activation in contributing to the development of diabetic vascular complications, pharmacological therapies that can modulate this pathway, particularly with PKC isoform selectivity, show great promise for treatment of vascular complications, even in the presence of hyperglycemia.
Respiratory Retraining Therapy in Long-Term Treatment of Paradoxical Vocal Fold Dysfunction

Objectives: Paradoxical vocal fold dysfunction (PVFD) is a disorder in the larynx featuring involuntary adduction of the vocal folds during the inspiratory phase of breathing. The symptoms include acute episodes of dyspnea and bouts of coughing. To date, there is no universally acknowledged treatment for PVFD, though respiratory retraining therapy is the treatment of choice. Aims: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the results of long-term respiratory retraining therapy in cases of PVFD. Patients and Methods: We treated 20 patients with PVFD for 2 years: 10 subjects were submitted to a cycle of respiratory retraining therapy every 12 months (receiving a total of 3 cycles) while 10 were given a cycle every 3 months (for a total of 9 cycles) no matter what their clinical conditions were. Results: The results show that long-term respiratory retraining is particularly efficacious if the cycles of treatment are repeated, no matter what clinical conditions are present. In fact, when only one cycle of retraining treatment is given a year, there is initial improvement followed by progressive worsening. Conclusions: Long-term respiratory rehabilitation is effective, especially if the treatment is given at least once every 3 months.
Polityka Niemiec wobec Europy Wschodniej: Russia first?

Agresywne zachowania Rosji w trakcie konfliktu na Ukrainie w 2014 r. podwazyly strategiczne zalozenia polityki Niemiec. Powiązania gospodarcze nie doprowadzily do przemian wewnetrznych w Rosji oraz nie ograniczyly jej nastawienia na rewindykowanie wplywow imperialnych. Gotowośc Niemiec do poparcia Ukrainy w reformach wewnetrznych i jej zblizenia do UE oznaczala, ze są one sklonne bardziej zniuansowac zalozenia swojej strategii wobec Europy Wschodniej i tym samym ograniczyc priorytet Russia first.
Changes in epidemic patterns of Kawasaki disease in Japan.

OBJECTIVE Clustering of cases of Kawasaki disease throughout Japan was noted three times during the period before 1986. During the ensuing 10 years, however, no nationwide epidemic has been recognized. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that local outbreaks have persisted after 1987. METHOD The data on 56 980 patients reported from 1987 through 1996 were classified according to the area of residence. The time trend of the incidence rate was compared by year and by quarter of the year (January to March, April to June, July to September and October to December) in 10 geographical areas in Japan. RESULTS No nationwide outbreaks have been noted since 1987 in Japan, but the existence of local outbreaks of various magnitudes was recognized as occurring in different periods in certain areas. The incidence rates were continuously high in Area 1 between 1987 and 1988 and in Area 4 between 1995 and 1996. In Area 9 local outbreaks were noted on three separate occasions (from 1987 to the first half of 1988, between 1990 and 1991 and from the second half of 1992 to 1993). No clusterings were witnessed in other areas during the 10-year period. CONCLUSION The current annual number of patients ranges from 5000 to 6000, and local epidemics occur in various areas. The current epidemiologic patterns support the infection theory for the etiology of this disease.
A Population-Based Study of Antipsychotic Prescription Trends in Children and Adolescents in British Columbia, from 1996 to 2011

Objectives: To establish prevalence rates of antipsychotic (AP) prescriptions for children 18 years of age or younger in British Columbia (BC) from 1996 to 2011 by age, sex, AP type, and primary diagnosis; and to identify the predominant AP prescribers for children by specialty training. Methods: BC Ministry of Health administrative data were used to describe AP prescriptions for youth aged 18 years or younger. Comparisons were made using population prevalence based on sex; age group; AP; International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, diagnosis; and prescriber specialty. Results: From 1996 to 2011, overall AP (both first and second generation) prescription prevalence rate increased 3.8-fold (1.66 to 6.37 per 1000 population); second-generation AP (SGA) prescriptions increased 18.1-fold (0.33 to 5.98 per 1000 population). The highest increase in all AP prescriptions occurred in males aged 13 to 18 years (3.3 to 14.4 per 1000 population; 4.4-fold), followed by similar increases in males aged 6 to 12 years (2.3 to 8.6 per 1000 population; 3.7-fold) and in females aged 13 to 18 years (2.8 to 10.7 per 1000 population; 3.8-fold). Overall, the 3 most common diagnoses associated with all AP prescriptions were depressive disorders (12.8%), hyperkinetic syndrome of childhood (11.7%), and neurotic disorders (11.1%); however, variation was observed by prescriber specialty training. Among all new AP prescriptions in 2010/11, 38.6%, 34.3%, and 15.6% were provided by psychiatrists, family physicians, and pediatricians, respectively. Conclusions: There has been an exponential rise in SGA prescriptions in BC secondary to extensive off-label use, not only by psychiatrists but also by family physicians and pediatricians. Knowledge translation initiatives promoting evidence-based prescribing and monitoring practices related to SGA treatment need to target all 3 prescriber groups and be tailored for age subgroups.