Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motivating millennials to engage in charitable causes through social media

Purpose – It has been suggested that the future success of non-profit organizations lies in ensuring the sustainable involvement of the Millennial generation through social network sites. Facebook is a social media (SM) network that creates new research contexts and methodologies in service management. Organizations must now engage in learning how customer-with-customer interactions in SM could work best for them. The purpose of this paper is to better understand the factors influencing Millennials support for social causes through their autonomous engagement in the public environment of SM. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted two studies of events for social causes (breast cancer and youth homelessness). In each, two Facebook event pages appealing to others-benefits and self-benefits were designed. Participants were randomly assigned the task of examining the appeal pages online. The dependent variables were two sets of intentions in support of the cause (online and offline). The effectiv.
Food-safety test performance and public disclosure: The value of information in encouraging improvements in food safety in the chicken-slaughter industry

This paper examines the impact of changes in the regulatory standards enforced by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service on the Salmonella test performance of chicken-slaughter establishments. Regulatory changes include open disclosure of establishments with poor performance on Salmonella tests and rigorous Salmonella standards. Empirical results show that public disclosure of establishments with mediocre or poor levels of performance on Salmonella tests led to a substantial drop in Salmonella levels over the 2008−2010 period, which allowed FSIS to later reduce its tolerance for acceptable levels of Salmonella in chicken by 50 percent.
The Impact of Unconventional Monetary Policy on Firm Financing Constraints: Evidence from the Maturity Extension Program

This paper investigates the impact of unconventional monetary policy on firm financial constraints using the maturity extension program (MEP). Consistent with bond market segmentation and limits to arbitrage, around the MEP's announcement, stock prices rose for those firms more dependent on longer-term debt. These firms also issued more long-term debt during the MEP and expanded employment and investment. There is also evidence of “reach for yield” behavior, as the demand for riskier corporate debt also increased. Our results suggest that unconventional monetary policy might have relaxed financial constraints for some firms by inducing gap-filling behavior and affecting bond market risk premia.
Negative life events and life satisfaction in university students: Belief in a just world as a mediator and moderator

A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the role of belief in a just world between negative life events and life satisfaction. The results revealed that two dimensions of belief in a just world played partial mediating roles between negative life events and life satisfaction. Moreover, belief in a just world was also a moderator between negative life events and life satisfaction that mitigates the adverse effects of negative life events. In conclusion, these results suggest that belief in a just world could be both a mediator and a moderator between negative life events and life satisfaction.
Differences in purchase behavior between France and the USA: the cosmetic industry

This study investigates the differences in purchasing behavior between the US and French cosmetic markets. Our study suggests that a difference should exist due to psychological factors, social influences, and the purchase situation. Our paper will discuss the underlying theoretical perspectives that support our proposition, and illustrate the various components which influence consumer behavior in this particular marketplace. The analysis and investigation is based on the cosmetic industry in terms of comparing US and French consumers and their historical purchase patterns. The results indicate that there are in fact notable differences in purchase behavior. The implications of these findings are important in two primary ways. First, the findings provide support for the theoretical underpinnings. Second, the findings have important managerial implications in terms of developing appropriate product development, distribution and marketing strategies.
Unilateral pseudophakia in children under 4 years.

PURPOSE We examined the efficacy of intraocular lens implantation (IOL) in children younger than 4 years of age for unilateral aphakic visual rehabilitation. METHODS Twenty-one patients underwent unilateral cataract extraction, IOL placement, posterior capsulotomy, and anterior vitrectomy between 1990 and 1994. Postoperative vision, refractive change, and complications were monitored prospectively. Two cataract subgroups were analyzed: 12 patients with infantile (congenital and developmental) cataracts, and nine patients with posttraumatic cataracts. RESULTS Overall age at surgery averaged 26 months (range 9 to 44 months), with follow up of 5 to 55 months. Fifty-two percent achieved 20/40 or better vision: 42% in the infantile group and 67% in the traumatic group. IOL power averaged 22.6 diopters (D). The difference between predicted and actual postoperative refraction was less than 1 D in 70%. After 6 months, the average change in refraction was 0.50 D (21 patients). An increasing myopic shift of 1.10 D at 12 months (14 patients), 1.80 D at 18 months (nine patients), and 2.90 D after 24 months (eight patients) was noted. This trend was greater in the infantile group. Amblyopia treatment was implemented in 18 patients. Half have completed occlusion successfully, one third continue therapy, 17% are treatment failures, and 11% (two patients) were lost to follow up. Six patients required strabismus surgery; five had infantile cataracts. Postoperative complications occurred in four eyes, two infantile and two traumatic; they consisted of posttraumatic temporal IOL dislocation, corectopia, partial pupillary capture of an IOL, and partial pupillary membrane. CONCLUSION Primary IOL implantation is an effective way to rapidly achieve aphakic visual rehabilitation in preschool children. We continue to evaluate the long-term safety and effects of pediatric pseudophakia.
Performance evaluation tool for rapid prototyping of hardware-software codesigns

Performance evaluation is essential for tradeoff analysis during rapid prototyping. Existing performance evaluation strategies based on co-simulation and static analysis are either too slow or error prone. We therefore present an intermediate approach based on profiling and scheduling for rapid prototyping of hardware-software codesigns. Our performance evaluation tool obtains representative task timings by profiling which is done simultaneously with system specification. During design space exploration the tool obtains performance estimates by using well known scheduling and novel retiming heuristics. It is capable of obtaining both nonpipelined and pipelined schedules. The tool includes an area estimator which calculates the amount of hardware area required by the design by taking resource sharing between different hardware tasks into account. The tool also allows the user to evaluate the performance of a particular schedule with different task timings. In contrast to co-simulation and static analysis, the tool is able to provide fast and accurate performance estimates. The effectiveness of the tool in a rapid prototyping environment is demonstrated by a case study.
Lipids, lipoprotein (a) profile and HbA1c among Arabian Type 2 diabetic patients

The aim of this study was to assess lipids, lipoprotein (a) profile and HbA1c in Qatari’s type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and to correlate the values with various risk factors. This case control study was conducted in Hamad General Hospital, Doha, State of Qatar from May 2004 to November 2005 in 214 cases (with diabetes) and 214 controls (without diabetes) aged 25 to 65 years, males and females and Qatari nationals. Face to face interviews were based on a questionnaire that included variables such as age, sex, family history, physical examination, fasting blood glucose, lipids, Lp (a) HbA1c cholesterol total, HDL, LDL and triglycerides analysis. The age, male gender, BMI , obesity, WHR were higher in diabetics, (p<0.001). The prevalence of hypertension was associated with the presence of diabetes (29% for diabetics vs. 4% for control group , p<0.001). The percentages of patients with Lp (a) above 300 mg/l were significantly different between the two groups (48% vs 23%, p<0.001). Diabetic patients had significantly higher TC (p<0.001); TG (p<0.001), LDL (p<0.001) and Lp (a) (p = 0.0045). In diabetic patients, Lp (a) correlates with total cholesterol (r=0.296; p<0.05), LDL-C (r=0.285; p<0.05), but marginally significant with ApoB (r=0.573, p<0.001), TG (r=0.288; p<0.05), and LDL-C (r=0.584; p<0.001). Similarly, ApoA1 significantly correlated with TC (r= 0.292; p<0.05), LDL-C (r= 0.305; p<0.001) and HDL-C (r=0.565; p<0.001. The present study revealed that obesity, consanguinity, total cholesterol, reduced HDL cholesterol and triglyceride were more prevalent in diabetic patients. Furthermore, this study has reported that diabetes state does not increase plasma Lp (a) concentrations and fail to show any association of Lp (a) levels with glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.
Transcatheter closure of high pulmonary artery pressure persistent ductus arteriosus with the Amplatzer muscular ventricular septal defect occluder

Background: The design of devices currently used for closure of persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with high pulmonary artery pressure is not ideal and there is a risk of embolisation into the aorta. Objective: To investigate the use of the Amplatzer muscular ventricular septal defect occluder (AMVSDO) for treatment of PDA with high pulmonary artery pressure. Patients and design: Seven patients, aged 5–12 years, with large PDAs and systemic or near systemic pulmonary artery pressure underwent attempted transcatheter closure using the AMVSDO. The device consists of two low profile disks made of a nitinol wire mesh with a 7 mm connecting waist. Balloon occlusion of the duct was performed before closure from the venous side, and prosthesis size was chosen according to the measured diameter of the occluding balloon. A 7 French sheath was used to deliver the device. All patients underwent a complete haemodynamic and angiographic study one year after occlusion. Results: The mean (SD) angiographic PDA diameter was 9.8 (1.7) mm (range 7–13 mm) and the mean AMVSDO diameter was 11.4 (1.8) mm (range 9–16 mm). Qp/Qs ranged from 1.9–2.2 (mean 2.0 (0.1)). Successful device delivery and complete closure occurred in all patients (100% occlusion rate, 95% confidence interval 59.04% to 100.00%). Mean systolic pulmonary artery pressures were as follows: before balloon occlusion, 106 (13) mm Hg; during occlusion, 61 (6) mm Hg; immediately after the procedure, 57 (5) mm Hg; and at the one year follow up catheterisation, 37 (10) mm Hg. Fluoroscopy time was 10.4 (4.3) min (range 7–18 min). No complications occurred. Conclusions: AMVSDO is an important adjunct for closure of large PDAs associated with high pulmonary artery pressure. Further studies are required to document its efficacy, safety, and long term results in a larger number of patients.
Dopamine-Regulated Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Secretion in Lactating Rats: Functional Plasticity of Melanotropes

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is processed to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and β-lipotropin in corticotropes of the anterior lobe, and to α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and β-endorphin in melanotropes of the intermediate lobe (IL) of the pituitary gland. While ACTH secretion is predominantly under the stimulatory influence of the hypothalamic factors, hormone secretion of the IL is tonically inhibited by neuroendocrine dopamine (NEDA) neurons. Lobe-specific POMC processing is not absolute. For example, D2 type DA receptor (D2R)-deficient mice have elevated plasma ACTH levels, although it is known that corticotropes do not express D2R(s). Moreover, observations that suckling does not influence α-MSH release, while it induces an increase in plasma ACTH is unexplained. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of the NEDA system in the regulation of ACTH secretion and the participation of the IL in ACTH production in lactating rats. Untreated and estradiol (E2)-substituted ovariectomized (OVX) females were also studied. The concentration of ACTH in the IL was higher in lactating rats than in OVX rats, while the opposite change in α-MSH level of the IL was observed. DA levels in the IL and the neural lobe were lower in lactating rats than in OVX rats. Suckling-induced ACTH response was eliminated by pretreatment with the DA receptor agonist, bromocriptine (BRC). Inhibition of DA biosynthesis by α-methyl-p-tyrosine (αMpT) and blockade of D2R by domperidone (DOM) elevated plasma ACTH levels, but did not influence plasma α-MSH levels in lactating rats. The same drugs had opposite effects in OVX and OVX + E2 animals. In lactating mothers, BRC was able to block ACTH responses induced by both αMpT and DOM. Surgical denervation of the IL elevated basal plasma levels of ACTH. Taken together, these data indicate that melanotropes synthesize ACTH during lactation and its release from these cells is regulated by NEDA neurons.
In-field measurement of soil nitrate using an ion-selective electrode

Standard laboratory methods for measurement of soil nitrate (NO3–N) use various procedures and instruments to analyze soil samples taken from the field and transported to the laboratory. Concerns with these procedures range from delays in measurement time, the high cost of soil sampling and analysis, high labour requirements, and the need to aggregate samples. With recent advances in using the ion-selective electrode, as presented in this chapter, soil NO3–N can now be measured directly, rapidly, accurately, at low cost, at a fine scale, and in real-time right in the field. This chapter describes the methodologies and procedures for how this can be done and provides experimental data and results from data analyses that validate measurements of soil NO3–N obtained with a prototype soil nitrate mapping system (SNMS) developed at the Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada. These advances in the in-field use of the nitrate ion-selective electrode (NO3 –ISE) provide the ability for (i) assessing soil nitrate variation, (ii) linking soil nitrate variation to crop growth, (iii) developing site-specific crop management practices, and (iv) environmental monitoring of soil nitrate. This chapter will begin with a discussion of the concerns with nitrate in the soil and environment, precision agriculture and site-specific crop management, variation in soil nitrate and its links to crop growth and yield, and issues with assessing soil nitrate variation in a field. Next will be a discussion of ion-selective electrode theory and application for measuring soil nitrate, followed by a presentation and discussion of early experiments conducted for determining electrode operating parameters to enable the electrode to be used in a soil slurry. The development and testing of the mechanical system used for soil nitrate extraction and measurement along with a description of the control sub-unit, measurement methodology, and operation of the nitrate extraction and measurement subunit (NEMS) for using the NO3 –ISE in the field will be presented. And the results of experiments used to validate in-field measurements of soil NO3–N obtained with the ionselective electrode will be presented and discussed. There will be a discussion of what is 1
The new EU member states

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Interfunctional climate and a new product performance: dependence as a moderator

Purpose – This study aims to examine the marketing/R&D relationship under different relative dependence situations. Specifically, its basic objective is to analyse if the effect that the climate between these departments exerts on new product development performance is moderated by the dependence perceived by these areas.Design/methodology/approach – The interfunctional climate was measured through six key variables of relationship marketing: cooperation, communication, trust, commitment, social satisfaction and conflict. To do this, the R&D directors of 178 Spanish innovative firms were surveyed. A sample of 345 products (177 successes and 168 failures) was been obtained.Findings – The results derived from a multisample analysis allow the conclusion that in those situations of high dependence the creation of a satisfactory climate is specially important for the development of affective bonds, such as trust and commitment among the functional areas.Originality/value – The novelty of the research lies in t.
Television program involvement and advertising response: some unsettling implications for copy research

Considers the long‐standing debate over media effects on advertising performance, in particular the effects of television advertising material. Argues that the attentiveness towards involving programme material, rather than immediately dissipating with the onset of commercial breaks, remains activated to some extent, producing a positive effect on commercial performance. Provides a summary of the evidence and reports on research findings.
Insider Trading with Uncertain Informed Trading

This paper develops a model of securities market with a strategic trader who is potentially better informed than the public. Unlike in the Kyle model (Kyle (1985) and Back (1992)), market makers do not have perfect information about whether the strategic trader is informed. With common prior beliefs, not only do market makers need to update their value estimate as in the Kyle model, but they also have to update their estimate of the probability that the strategic trader has private information based on the observed cumulative order flow. The dynamics of this probability estimate causes the pricing rule to be stochastic, and so do the market depth and price volatility. The expected profit of the strategic trader is lower with lower prior probability that she is informed, thus, the model is robust.
Indonesian student nurses' perceptions of stress in clinical learning: A phenomenological study

Background : Clinical education is an essential part of the nursing education program. It aims to achieve a set of competencies, integrate the theory with practice and enhance critical thinking and decision making abilities in the clinical setting. However, clinical education has been recognised to be perceived as a stressful event, especially for novice nursing students or nursing students who have no previous clinical experiences. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to explore and understand the meaning of lived experiences of stress for Indonesian novice nursing students in clinical education. Methods : It was an interpretive qualitative study informed by phenomenology and, in particular, van Manen’s method. Six Indonesian novice nursing students undertaking clinical education at a nursing school on the Indonesian island of Sumatera participated via an international telephone interview. Thematic analysis, proposed by van Manen, was used to analyse the data and capture the themes. Results and conclusion: Three main themes emerging from the study were “feelings of pressure”, “challenging relationships”, and “using coping strategies”. There were ten sub-themes, grouped as Clinical, Relationships and Responses and Coping. Nurses as educators play significant roles in assisting nursing students in clinical education to reduce feelings of stress, so that nursing students can undergo clinical education successfully.
Split-Second Recognition: What Makes Outdoor Advertising Work?

ABSTRACT CBS Outdoor used a tachistoscope to determine how long it takes to recognize the brand/product advertised in 187 outdoor posters in the Netherlands. Additionally, CBS Outdoor measured the creative appeal of these advertisements. Using 80 content and format variables, an explanatory model was developed to measure creative appeal and brand/product recognition. Some preliminary findings: Clear branding and the inclusion of new-product information enhance product recognition. Large amounts of text and pictures of people delay product recognition. Lengthy, large headlines, information cues, humor, and images of women delay brand recognition. Short headlines, a somewhat longer body text, and a product shot enhance the creative appeal of posters. Specifying a brand name in the headline or providing price information reduces appeal.
The self-management experience of patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A qualitative study

Background The purpose of this study was to explore views related to the self-management of type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Methods We conducted three semi-structured focus groups in participants with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Credibility was supported through triangulation of data sources and the use of multiple investigators from different disciplines. Results Twenty-three adults participated. Three major themes were identified: emotional reactions to health state, the impact of family dynamics on self-management, and the burden of self-management regimens. Family dynamics were found to be a barrier and support to self-management, while complicated self-management regimens were found to be a barrier. Additionally, participants expressed several emotional reactions related to their CKD status, including regret related to having developed CKD and distress related both to their treatment regimens and the future possibility of dialysis. Conclusions This exploratory study of patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease describes barriers and supports to self-management and emotional reactions to chronic kidney disease status. Future research should confirm these findings in a larger population and should include family members and/or health care providers to help further define problems with self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.