Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular epidemiology of the Staphylococcus aureus by Rep-PCR method in Sanandaj hospitals

Staphylococcus aureusis a major pathogen within hospital and community. The aim of this study was genetic relationship determination in isolates bacteria and dynamic transmission in hospital. Eighty eight S. aureusstrains isolated from different clinical samples and were characterized by Repetitive extragenic palindromic (Rep-PCR) technique. The received results and the similarity between the strains were determined on the basis of the Jaccard similarity coefficient in the SAHN program of the NTSYS-pc software. The Rep-PCR profile allowed the typing of the 88 isolates into 7 main clusters. In conclusion, our results showed more diversity in S.aureus isolates that indicates the low rate of hospital infection in Sanandaj hospitals and the results of the share pattern of especially among ICU, Pediateric and Internal wardsindicate the exist of nosocomial infections in these wards, According to the study that we carried out the greatest resistance was observed to erythromycinAnd for all drives vancomycin-resistant, MIC of vancomycin using E-test strips were placed by all who are sensitive, so that the Disc Diffusions are not reliable at all. (Rashid Ramazanzadeh, Hanar Narenji.Molecular epidemiology of the Staphylococcus aureus by Rep-PCR method in Sanandaj hospitals. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s):117-121). (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 20
Perceptions of the Prehistoric in Anglo-Saxon England: Religion, Ritual and Rulership in the Landscape

Managing: The New World of Ancient Economies, 323–31 BC. Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 188–232. Lawall, M.L. 2006. Amphoras and Economic History. In: P. Scherrer & E. Trinkl, eds. Die Tetragonos Agora in Ephesos: Grabungsergebnisse von archaischer bis in byzantinische Zeit – ein Überblick: Befunde und Funde klassischer Zeit. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Forschungen in Ephesos 13/2), pp. 253–55. Lejpunskaja, N.A. 1981. Keramicěskaja tara iz Olvii: iz opyta izucěnija amfor VI–IV vv. do n.e. Kiev: Naukova dumka. Malkin, I. 2011. A Small Greek World: Networks in the Ancient Mediterranean. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Monachov, S. Ju. 1999. Grecěskie amfory v Pricěrnomor’e: Kompleksy keramicěskoj tary VII-II vekov do n. e. Saratov: Saratov University. Reger, G. 1994. Regionalism and Change in the Economy of Independent Delos, 314–167 B. C. Berkeley, Los Angeles and Oxford: University of California Press (Hellenistic Culture and Society 14).
Volunteers' Perceptions of the Use of Social Media in Emergency Management

The paper presents the results of interviews with representatives from Norwegian emergency management volunteer organizations on their current use of social media and their perception of the potential for extended use of social media in their operations. Our study shows that social media is currently mainly used for information to the public and for internal communication. The informants expressed some reluctance towards the concept of virtual operations support teams, and using social media to collect information from the public. Yet, based on the possible benefits reported in the literature from studies of early adopters of digital volunteer groups, we argue in this paper for establishing a similar service at the regional level in Norway that can support the local volunteer organizations.
Naturally Occurring CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Are an Essential, IL-10-Independent Part of the Immunoregulatory Network in Schistosoma mansoni Egg-Induced Inflammation

In acute and chronic schistosomiasis, survival of the host requires a carefully balanced immune response against highly immunogenic parasite eggs. We characterized the phenotype, distribution, and functional role of CD4+Foxp3+ naturally occurring regulatory T cells (naTregs) in schistosome egg-induced inflammation. In adoptive transfer experiments and by intracellular staining for Foxp3, we demonstrate significant frequencies of naTregs in hepatic granulomas and draining lymphoid tissues of mice infected with the trematode Schistosoma mansoni. Strikingly, egg-induced inflammation does not change the normal ratio between naTregs and effector CD4+ T cells at the inflammatory site or in lymphoid organs in acute or chronic disease. However, increasing frequencies of CD103-expressing cells in the naTreg compartment indicate a change in phenotype for naTregs with disease progression. Because CD103 was described recently as an activation marker for naTregs, we speculate that naTregs in chronic schistosomiasis are potentially more suppressive. Furthermore, we found that most naTregs do not contribute to egg-induced IL-4 and IL-10 production. Importantly, depletion of CD25+ naTregs strongly enhances the frequency of IL-4-producing effector T cells in acute egg-induced inflammation. It does not change clonal expansion of activated CD4+ T cells. This regulation of egg-induced cytokine production does not require the presence of IL-10. These data demonstrate that naTregs limit egg-induced effector-cytokine production in our model. Our results identify naTregs as an important, IL-10-independent part of the regulatory network in schistosome egg-induced inflammation.
Patients' experience of chronic illness care in a network of teaching settings.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate chronic illness care delivery from the patient's perspective and to examine its main correlates. DESIGN Cross-sectional, descriptive study using questionnaires and medical chart review. SETTING Nine teaching family practices in Quebec. PARTICIPANTS A total of 364 patients with diabetes, hypertension, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Score on the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) questionnaire, which evaluates the patient's perspective on the care received based on the chronic care model (CCM); patients characteristics (sex, level of education, number of chronic illnesses); patient-physician relationship (relational continuity, interpersonal communication assessed from the patient's perspective); and interdisciplinary care and technical quality of care abstracted from patients' medical charts. RESULTS The mean PACIC score obtained (2.8 out of 5) indicates that, on average, CCM-concordant care "generally did not occur" or occurred only "sometimes" in this network of teaching practices. However, with a mean technical quality-of-care score of nearly 80%, physicians in this network showed a high degree of adherence to clinical guidelines for the chronic illnesses under study. Patient education level lower than high school was negatively associated with PACIC scores, while positive associations were found with male sex, number of chronic illnesses, relational continuity, interpersonal communication, interdisciplinary care, and technical quality of care. CONCLUSION Patients with less education reported receiving less CCM-concordant care. The patient-physician relationship was the strongest correlate of PACIC scores, while interdisciplinary care and technical quality of care had modest contributions.
Temperature Enhanced Effects of Ozone on Cardiovascular Mortality in 95 Large US Communities, 1987–2000: Assessment Using the NMMAPS Data

ABSTRACT A few studies examined interactive effects between air pollution and temperature on health outcomes. In this study, the authors aimed to examine whether temperature modified effects of ozone on cardiovascular mortality in 95 large US cities. The authors separately used a nonparametric regression model and a parametric regression model to explore interactive effects of temperature and ozone on cardiovascular mortality between May and October of the years from 1987 to 2000. The authors used a Bayesian meta-analysis to pool estimates. The nonparametric and parametric regression models both showed that temperature enhanced effects of ozone on mortality, but the effect modification varied across regions. A 10-ppb increment in average ozone concentration at 3 previous days was associated with 0.41% (95% posterior interval [PI]: −0.19%, 0.93%), 0.27% (95% PI: −0.44%, 0.87%), and 1.68% (95% PI: 0.07%, 3.26%) increases in daily cardiovascular mortality corresponding to low, moderate, and high levels of temperature in all 95 US cities, respectively. The authors concluded that temperature modified effects of ozone, particularly in the northern regions.
Descriptive epidemiology and short-term outcomes of heart failure hospitalisation in rural Haiti

Objective There is increasing attention to cardiovascular diseases in low-income countries. However, little is known about heart failure (HF) in rural areas, where most of the populations in low-income countries live. We studied HF epidemiology, care delivery and outcomes in rural Haiti. Methods Among adults admitted with HF to a rural Haitian tertiary care hospital during a 12-month period (2013–2014), we studied the clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes including length of stay, inhospital death and outpatient follow-up rates. Results HF accounted for 392/1049 (37%) admissions involving 311 individuals; over half (60%) were women. Mean age was 58.8 (SD 16.2) years for men and 48.3 (SD 18.8) years for women; 76 (41%) women were <40 years of age. Median length of stay was 10 days (first and second quartiles 7, 17), and inhospital mortality was 12% (n=37). Ninety nine (36%) of the 274 who survived their primary hospitalisation followed-up at the hospital's outpatient clinic, and 18 (6.6%) were readmitted to the same hospital within 30 days postdischarge. Decreased known follow-up (p<0.01) and readmissions (p=0.03) were associated with increased distance between patient residence and hospital. Among the one-quarter (81) patients with echocardiograms, causes of HF included: non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (64%), right HF (12%), hypertensive heart disease (7%) and rheumatic heart disease (5%). One-half of the women with cardiomyopathy by echocardiogram had peripartum cardiomyopathy. Conclusions HF is a common cause of hospitalisation in rural Haiti. Among diagnosed patients, HF is overwhelming due to non-atherosclerotic heart disease and particularly affects young adults. Implementing effective systems to improve HF diagnosis and linkage to essential outpatient care is needed to reduce long-term morbidity and mortality.
The Effects of Diverse Warm-up Exercises on Balance

[Purpose] To examine how stretching, plyometric, and treadmill exercises influence the dynamic balance necessary for sports activities. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-two healthy subjects participated in this study. The subjects conducted stretching, plyometric exercises, and treadmill walking for set times over a period of three days. The subjects’ dynamic balance was then measured. The measurements were taken prior to the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 20 minutes after the intervention. All the intervention times were set at 16 minutes, excluding resting times. The data were analyzed with using the two-way ANOVA. [Results] There was no interaction between exercises and time. There were no statistical differences among the exercises and no statistical differences in changes over time. [Conclusion] This study found that warm-up exercises such as plyometric exercises, stretching, and treadmill walking have no effect on the dynamic of balance in healthy subjects.
Sub-extensional type theory

Martin-Löf’s type theory is the basis of a variety of formal systems underlying many proof assistants. There are a lot of variants of type theory, among which two classes can be identified: intensional and extensional type theory. The difference between the two lies in the manner in which the equality is dealt with, but this results in huge differences. Intensional type theory requires the user to write explicit coercions, which can lead to a big overhead when programming with dependent types. It also lacks some desirable properties such as function extensionality. On the other hand, extensional type theory deals more smoothly with these issues, but as a result it suffers from undecidable typechecking. Moreover, it allows to type non-normalizing terms. There have been many different attempts to reconcile these two views, either by reducing the overhead in intensional type theory, by trying to put up with the undecidability of extensional type theory, or by proposing new kinds of type theories which combine the good aspects of the two.
Shear-Wave Elastography Assessments of Quadriceps Stiffness Changes prior to , during and after Prolonged Exercise : A Longitudinal Study during an Extreme Mountain UltraMarathon

In sports medicine, there is increasing interest in quantifying the elastic properties of skeletal muscle, especially during extreme muscular stimulation, to improve our understanding of the impact of alterations in skeletal muscle stiffness on resulting pain or injuries, as well as the mechanisms underlying the relationships between these parameters. Our main objective was to determine whether real-time shear-wave elastography (SWE) can monitor changes in quadriceps muscle elasticity during an extreme mountain ultra-marathon, a powerful mechanical stress model. Our study involved 50 volunteers participating in an extreme mountain marathon (distance: 330 km, elevation: +24,000 m). Quantitative SWE velocity and shear modulus measurements were performed in most superficial quadriceps muscle heads at the following 4 time points: before the race, halfway through the race, upon finishing the race and after recovery (+48 h). Blood biomarker levels were also measured. A significant decrease in the quadriceps shear modulus was observed upon finishing the race (3.31±0.61 kPa) (p<0.001) compared to baseline (3.56±0.63 kPa), followed by a partial recovery +48 h after the race (3.45±0.6 kPa) (p = 0.002) across all muscle heads, as well as for each of the following three muscle heads: the rectus femoris (p = 0.003), the vastus medialis (p = 0.033) and the vastus lateralis (p = 0.001). Our study is the first to assess changes in muscle stiffness during prolonged extreme physical endurance exercises based on shear modulus measurements using non-invasive SWE. We concluded that decreases in stiffness, which may have resulted from quadriceps overuse in the setting of supra-physiological stress caused by the extreme distance and unique elevation of the race, may have been responsible for the development of inflammation and muscle swelling. SWEmay hence PLOSONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone. 0161855 August 31, 2016 1 / 21 a11111
Adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.

BACKGROUND The level of adherence of various pharmacological therapies in chronic diseases varies, but is predominantly low. With tamoxifen (TAM), 23% and 50% nonadherence after 1 and 4 years have been reported. Day-to-day clinical observation suggests that adherence may even be lower with aromatase inhibitors, but limited data exist on the situation in daily clinical routine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of adherent patients in a randomly selected sample of postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer, who had been assigned to an adjuvant endocrine treatment with TAM or anastrozole (ANA). MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated a random sample of 100 postmenopausal women with breast cancer (50 TAM and 50 ANA) who had received surgery for their primary breast cancer at our hospital in 2004/2005 and thereafter had been assigned to an adjuvant endocrine treatment. We evaluated the adherence rate with a detailed questionnaire and additionally carried out a retrospective prescription check of the hospital chart as well as calling the local physicians of our patients. A patient was counted as adherent with a self-reported tablet intake of 80% or more and if a medication possession ratio of 80% or more was achieved. RESULTS Regarding the baseline characteristics, a significant difference in mean age was noticed in women on ANA versus TAM [65 (+/-3) and 72 (+/-3); P<0.001]. All women on TAM and ANA reported to be adherent (100%). After controlling for prescriptions, only 40 (80%) and 27 (69%) of the women on TAM and ANA were still classified as adherent (P<0.01 and P<0.01 versus self-report). We found no significant correlation of adherence to any baseline characteristics or side-effects in a logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS An important goal of any therapeutic intervention is to achieve comparable efficacy in routine clinical practice to that demonstrated in randomised clinical trials. However, a similar magnitude of adherence will be necessary in routine clinical practice to assure comparable clinical effects. Our results further support the data on suboptimal adherence of women with breast cancer on adjuvant TAM treatment. Here, we evaluated for the first time the patient reported and real-world adherence on adjuvant ANA and were able to show a similarly low adherence compared with TAM. More prospective studies are needed to increase our understanding of the underlying reasons for nonadherence in women with breast cancer.
Antidiarrhoeal activity of seed extract of Albizzia lebbeck Benth.

The antidiarrhoeal activity of the seed extract of Albizzia lebbeck (Benth.) was investigated employing conventional rodent models of diarrhoea, i.e. castor oil‐induced diarrhoea, upper gastrointestinal transit (u.g.t.) and fluid secretion. It was found that the aqueous methanol extract of Albizzia lebbeck seeds (2.5–5 mg/kg i.p.) possessed antidiarrhoeal activity which strengthens the earlier use of the seeds in the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery. The antidiarrhoeal dose of the extract was at least 10–30 times less than the LD50 dose. The extract (2.5–5 mg/kg i.p.) potentiated the antidiarrhoeal activity of loperamide (1 mg/kg i.p.). Nalaxone (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) significantly inhibited the antidiarrhoeal activity of the extract as well as loperamide, thus indicating a role of the opioid system in the antidiarrhoeal activity of the extract. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinantes de la tasa de consultas de salud del nino y del adolescente

Este articulo presenta un analisis de los principales determinantes socioeconomicos de la tasa de consultas de salud y la frecuencia de atenciones para una muestra de ninos y adolescentes de las ciudades de Santiago, Concepcion y Valparaiso. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que las variables explicativas mas importantes de ambas decisiones son el nivel nutricional de los menores, su edad y su elegibilidad al Programa Nacional de Alimentacion Complementaria (PNAC). La recomendacion de politica que surge de esta comprobacion es que una manera de aumentar la tasa de consulta y la frecuencia de atenciones es a traves de expandir la poblacion objetivo del PNAC. Esto se debe a que un incremento en su cobertura tendria efectos muy positivos sobre los niveles de salud de los ninos y sobre su nivel nutricional.
Fault collapsing for flash memory disturb faults

Disturb failures are considered the most predominant failure mode in flash memories. Disturb faults are highly dependant on the core memory cell structure, manufacturing technology, and array organization and operation. In this paper, we develop appropriate fault primitives for all possible disturb faults in flash memories. Further, we analyze the origins of such disturbs and propose a method that uses cell structure and array organization information to identify the relevant disturbs to create reduced list of faults. As an example, the method was used to create a minimized faults list for NOR and NAND flash memory arrays. Moreover, we show how the reduced fault list developed can be used to devise more efficient test algorithms.
Predicting forest insect flight activity: A Bayesian network approach

Daily flight activity patterns of forest insects are influenced by temporal and meteorological conditions. Temperature and time of day are frequently cited as key drivers of activity; however, complex interactions between multiple contributing factors have also been proposed. Here, we report individual Bayesian network models to assess the probability of flight activity of three exotic insects, Hylurgus ligniperda, Hylastes ater, and Arhopalus ferus in a managed plantation forest context. Models were built from 7,144 individual hours of insect sampling, temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, photon flux density, and temporal data. Discretized meteorological and temporal variables were used to build naïve Bayes tree augmented networks. Calibration results suggested that the H. ater and A. ferus Bayesian network models had the best fit for low Type I and overall errors, and H. ligniperda had the best fit for low Type II errors. Maximum hourly temperature and time since sunrise had the largest influence on H. ligniperda flight activity predictions, whereas time of day and year had the greatest influence on H. ater and A. ferus activity. Type II model errors for the prediction of no flight activity is improved by increasing the model’s predictive threshold. Improvements in model performance can be made by further sampling, increasing the sensitivity of the flight intercept traps, and replicating sampling in other regions. Predicting insect flight informs an assessment of the potential phytosanitary risks of wood exports. Quantifying this risk allows mitigation treatments to be targeted to prevent the spread of invasive species via international trade pathways.
Maternal obesity and its effect on placental cell turnover

Abstract Background: Maternal obesity is a frequent obstetric risk factor, linked with short- and long-term consequences for mother and child, including foetal overgrowth, growth restriction and stillbirth. The mechanisms underlying these pathologies remain unknown but likely involve the placenta. Aims: To study placental cell turnover in relation to maternal body mass index (BMI). Methods: Term placental villous tissue was randomly sampled from 24 pregnancies, with a range of maternal BMI of 19.5–49.6. Immunohistochemistry was performed for human chorionic gonadotropin, Ki67 and M30 and image analysis used to calculate syncytiotrophoblast area and proliferative and apoptotic indices. Results were compared categorically between women of BMI 18.5–24.9 (normal), BMI 30.0–39.9 (obese classes 1and 2) and BMI 40+ (obese class 3) and continuously against BMI; p < 0.05 by the Kruskal–Wallis test or linear regression was considered statistically significant. Results: Increased maternal BMI was associated with categorical (normal versus obese class 3 and obese classes 1 and 2 versus obese class 3, both p < 0.05) and continuous (r2 = 0.24, p = 0.016) reductions in the proliferative index and a continuous reduction (r2 = 0.17, p = 0.047) in the apoptotic index. Discussion: Maternal obesity is associated with a dose-dependent reduction in placental villous proliferation and apoptosis which may increase susceptibility to adverse pregnancy outcomes.