Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validity and reliability study for social climate scale in organizations

Purpose- The importance of the social environment in which employees are involved and the inter-personal relationships in organizations have been discussed since the neoclassical period. There are various studies related to this issue in the literature. The purpose of this study is to develop a social climate scale in order to evaluate the social environment in which the organization's employees are involved. Method- The study was conducted on the clinical and administrative employees of five public hospitals operating in Istanbul. The research sample consists of 517 observations. In order to enable a proper assessment of the social climate, employees working less than six months with the organization were not included in the study. IBM SPSS 24.0 and IBM SPSS AMOS 24.0 package programs were used to analyse the obtained data. Factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis in the structural equation model, binary correlations, t-tests and variance analysis (ANOVA) as well as descriptive statistics were applied. Findings- During the development process of the social climate scale, a scale of 49 items was drawn based on the theories and studies in the literature. The final scale obtained from factor analysis consists of 26 items and 6 dimensions. These dimensions are as follows: interpersonal coherence (7 items), organizational support (7 items), intragroup communication (4 items), work ethic (4 items), occupational cooperation (2 items) and out of workplace relationships (2 items). The total reliability of the scale was 0.87 and the reliability coefficients of individual dimensions were 0.84, 0.83, 0.78, 0.71, 0.89 and 0.80, respectively. Conclusion- The literature is certainly not poor in terms of studies assessing the organizational climate on the basis of a number of dimensions such as ethical climate, safety climate, and psychological climate. Yet, the number of studies on social climate is rather limited, with those investigating the topic focusing mostly on education. It is believed that, in this sense, the social climate scale developed in this study will make a unique contribution to the literature.
Target-enrichment sequencing and copy number evaluation in inherited polyneuropathy

Objective: To assess the efficiency of target-enrichment next-generation sequencing (NGS) with copy number assessment in inherited neuropathy diagnosis. Methods: A 197 polyneuropathy gene panel was designed to assess for mutations in 93 patients with inherited or idiopathic neuropathy without known genetic cause. We applied our novel copy number variation algorithm on NGS data, and validated the identified copy number mutations using CytoScan (Affymetrix). Cost and efficacy of this targeted NGS approach was compared to earlier evaluations. Results: Average coverage depth was ∼760× (median = 600, 99.4% > 100×). Among 93 patients, 18 mutations were identified in 17 cases (18%), including 3 copy number mutations: 2 PMP22 duplications and 1 MPZ duplication. The 2 patients with PMP22 duplication presented with bulbar and respiratory involvement and had absent extremity nerve conductions, leading to axonal diagnosis. Average onset age of these 17 patients was 25 years (2–61 years), vs 45 years for those without genetic discovery. Among those with onset age less than 40 years, the diagnostic yield of targeted NGS approach is high (27%) and cost savings is significant (∼20%). However, the cost savings for patients with late onset age and without family history is not demonstrated. Conclusions: Incorporating copy number analysis in target-enrichment NGS approach improved the efficiency of mutation discovery for chronic, inherited, progressive length-dependent polyneuropathy diagnosis. The new technology is facilitating a simplified genetic diagnostic algorithm utilizing targeted NGS, clinical phenotypes, age at onset, and family history to improve diagnosis efficiency. Our findings prompt a need for updating the current practice parameters and payer guidelines.
Instability of syllable repetition as a marker of disease progression in Parkinson's disease: A longitudinal study

Parkinsonian speakers show a tendency to articulatory acceleration and have difficulties to keep the steady pace of repeated syllables. The aim of this study was to analyse the stability of motor speech performance based upon a syllable repetition paradigm during the course of disease to find a potential marker of disease progression in Parkinson's disease (PD). 58 patients withPD and 35 controls were tested and re‐tested after at least 12 months (mean: 33.40/range: 12–88). In the PD group, motor impairment was similar at first and second visit. Participants had to repeat the syllable /pa/ in a self chosen steady pace. Percental coefficient of variance (COV) of interval length was measured for description of pace stability throughout the performance. Percental pace acceleration (%PA) was based upon a comparison of the speed of syllable repetition in the first and second half of the task. Patients with PD showed a significant elevation of COV and %PA indicating an instability of syllable repetition and a tendency to pace acceleration in the course of performing. Furthermore, in the PD group, COV and %PA showed a significant deterioration from first to second examination. Instability of steady syllable repetition in PD shows characteristic changes during the course of the disease, but no correlation with general motor impairment. Therefore, the underlying mechanism may be independent from dopaminergic deficits. The potential role of impaired syllable repetition as a marker of non‐dopaminergic disease progression in PD needs validation by further studies. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Bar Training for Active Bystanders: Evaluation of a Community-Based Bystander Intervention Program

Bystander intervention programs are proliferating on college campuses and are slowly gaining momentum as sexual violence prevention programs suitable for the larger community. In particular, bystander intervention programs aimed at bar staff have been developed in a number of locations. This study entails the exploratory evaluation of a community-based bystander program for bar staff. Using a pre–posttest design, this study suggests that evidence surrounding the effectiveness of this program is promising as it decreases rape myths, decreases barriers to intervention, and increases bartenders willingness to intervene. Future research and policy implications are discussed.
Revision of the Australian species of the weevil genus Trigonopterus Fauvel

Abstract The Australian species of the genus Trigonopterus Fauvel are revised. Eight previously recognized species are redescribed and 24 additional new species are described: Trigonopterus allaetus Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus athertonensis Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus australinasutus Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus australis Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus bisignatus Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus bisinuatus Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus boolbunensis Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus cooktownensis Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus daintreensis Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus deplanatus Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus finniganensis Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus fraterculus Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus garradungensis Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus hasenpuschi Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus hartleyensis Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus kurandensis Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus lewisensis Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus montanus Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus monteithi Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus mossmanensis Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus oberprieleri Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus robertsi Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus terraereginae Riedel, sp. n. , Trigonopterus yorkensis Riedel, sp. n. All new species are authored by the taxonomist-in-charge, Alexander Riedel. Lectotypes are designated for the following names: Idotasia aequalis Pascoe, Idotasia albidosparsa Lea, Idotasia evanida Pascoe, Idotasia laeta Lea, Idotasia rostralis Lea, Idotasia sculptirostris Lea, Idotasia squamosa Lea. A new combination of the name Idotasia striatipennis Lea is proposed: Trigonopterus striatipennis (Lea), comb. n. A key to the species is provided. Australian Trigonopterus occur in coastal Queensland, narrowly crossing into New South Wales. The southern parts of the range are inhabited by species found on foliage. A rich fauna of 19 edaphic species inhabiting the leaf litter of tropical forests is reported for the first time from the Australian Wet Tropics.
Structural patterns of information cascades and their implications for dynamics and semantics

Information cascades are ubiquitous in both physical society and online social media, taking on large variations in structures, dynamics and semantics. Although the dynamics and semantics of information cascades have been studied, the structural patterns and their correlations with dynamics and semantics are largely unknown. Here we explore a large-scale dataset including $432$ million information cascades with explicit records of spreading traces, spreading behaviors, information content as well as user profiles. We find that the structural complexity of information cascades is far beyond the previous conjectures. We first propose a ten-dimensional metric to quantify the structural characteristics of information cascades, reflecting cascade size, silhouette, direction and activity aspects. We find that bimodal law governs majority of the metrics, information flows in cascades have four directions, and the self-loop number and average activity of cascades follows power law. We then analyze the high-order structural patterns of information cascades. Finally, we evaluate to what extent the structural features of information cascades can explain its dynamic patterns and semantics, and finally uncover some notable implications of structural patterns in information cascades. Our discoveries also provide a foundation for the microscopic mechanisms for information spreading, potentially leading to implications for cascade prediction and outlier detection.
Blue Mode Imaging may Improve the Detection and Visualization of Small-Bowel Lesions: A Capsule Endoscopy Study

Background/Aims: Diagnostic miss rate and time consumption are the two challenging limitations of small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE). In this study, we aimed to know whether using of the blue mode (BM) combined with QuickView (QV) at a high reviewing speed could influence SBCE interpretation and accuracy. Materials and Methods: Seventy CE procedures were totally reviewed in four different ways; (1) using the conventional white light, (2) using the BM, [on a viewing speed at 10 frames per second (fps)], (3) using white light, and (4) using the BM (on a viewing speed at 20 fps). In study A, the results of (1) were compared with those of (2), and in study B, the results of (3) and (4) were separately compared with those of (1). Results: In study A, the total number of the vascular (P < 0.001) and the inflammatory lesions (P = 0.005) detected by BM was significantly higher than that detected by the white light. No lesion was found using the white light that was not detected by the BM. Moreover, the BM highly improved the image quality of all the vascular lesions and the erythematous ones from the nonvascular lesions. In study B, the total number of only the vascular lesions, detected by the BM on a rapid speed of viewing at 20 fps was significantly higher than that detected by the white light (P = 0.035). However, the true miss rate for the BM was 4%. Conclusion: BM imaging is a new method that improved the detection and visualization of the vascular and erythematous nonvascular lesions of SB as compared with the conventional white light imaging. Using of the BM at a slow viewing speed, markedly reduced the diagnostic miss rate of CE.
Advanced Intercross Line Mapping of Eae5 Reveals Ncf-1 and CLDN4 as Candidate Genes for Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis1

Eae5 in rats was originally identified in two F2 intercrosses, (DA × BN) and (E3 × DA), displaying linkage to CNS inflammation and disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), respectively. This region overlaps with an arthritis locus, Pia4, which was also identified in the (E3 × DA) cross. Two congenic strains, BN.DA-Eae5 and BN.DA-Eae5.R1, encompassing the previously described Eae5 and Pia4, were established. DA alleles within the chromosome 12 fragment conferred an increase in disease susceptibility as well as increased inflammation and demyelination in the CNS as compared with BN alleles. To enable a more precise fine mapping of EAE regulatory genes, we used a rat advanced intercross line between the EAE-susceptible DA strain and the EAE-resistant PVG.1AV1 strain. Linkage analysis performed in the advanced intercross line considerably narrowed down the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-EAE regulatory locus (Eae5) to a ∼1.3-megabase region with a defined number of candidate genes. In this study we demonstrate a regulatory effect of Eae5 on MOG-EAE by using both congenic strains as well as fine mapping these effects to a region containing Ncf-1, a gene associated with arthritis. In addition to structural polymorphisms in Ncf-1, both sequence polymorphisms and expression differences were identified in CLDN4. CLDN4 is a tight junction protein involved in blood-brain barrier integrity. In conclusion, our data strongly suggests Ncf-1 to be a gene shared between two organ-specific inflammatory diseases with a possible contribution by CLDN4 in encephalomyelitis.
Using Customized Rate-Coding and Recruitment Strategies to Maintain Forces During Repetitive Activation of Human Muscles

Background and Purpose: During functional electrical stimulation (FES), clinicians typically increase stimulation intensity to offset fatigue and maintain functional levels of force production. However, recent studies have suggested that increasing the stimulation frequency is an effective strategy for overcoming fatigue during FES. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 5 stimulation strategies on maintaining forces during repetitive isometric muscle activation. Subjects and Methods: The right quadriceps femoris muscles of 12 subjects with no history of lower-extremity orthopedic, neurological, or vascular problems were tested. The 5 stimulation strategies were: progressively increasing the frequency, progressively increasing the intensity, and 3 combination protocols that first increased the intensity and then increased the frequency. The only difference among the 3 combination protocols was the starting frequency used in each protocol (20, 30, or 40 Hz). For all protocols, the stimulation frequency or intensity was increased progressively every time the peak force declined more than 10% from a targeted force level. The specific step increases in frequency or intensity were customized for each subject. A contraction was defined as successful when its peak force exceeded 90% of the targeted force level. Results: The results showed that progressively increasing only the frequency produced 59% more successful contractions than progressively increasing only the intensity. In addition, the combination stimulation protocol that began with 30-Hz trains produced the most successful contractions (mean=1,205 contractions; 35%–74% more than the other 4 protocols tested). Discussion and Conclusions: The results suggest that increasing the stimulation intensity and then the frequency is the best strategy to maintain muscle performance and could help clinicians design optimal stimulation protocols to use for each patient during FES.
A Cutaneous Test for Rheumatic Activity in Children

Summary 1. Inunction with an ointment containing 5% tetrahydrofurfuryl ester of nicotinic acid (Trafuril) in 337 children caused localized cutaneous hyperemia and/or edema (“typical” reaction) in normal subjects and those with congenital heart disease or non-rheumatic conditions. 2. Twenty of 22 patients with active rheumatic disease failed to show this typical hyperemia or edema. Their response (“atypical”) consisted of either blanching, failure to react, or barely perceptible hyperemia. 3. Inactive rheumatics and patients whose activity was suppressed by cortisone or aminopyrine gave typical reactions. 4. The atypical response was observed in tonsillitis and streptococcal sore throat, as well as rheumatic activity.
Impact of infusion line compliance on syringe pump performance

To determine the impact of infusion line compliance on the time to occlusion alarm (occlusion time) and the size of the subsequent occlusion release bolus, we studied three different infusion lines in combination with a 50‐ml and a 10‐ml syringe. The mean occlusion time of the 50‐ml syringe amounted to 20.3 ± 0.28 min and increased to 26.2 ± 0.19 min with the infusion line yielding the largest compliance (P < 0.0001). The mean occlusion time of the 10‐ml syringe was 2.5 ± 0.75 min and showed a 2.7‐fold variation with the three infusions lines (2.6 ± 0.08, 5.6 ± 0.28 and 6.9 ± 0.35 min, respectively; P < 0.0001). Occlusion times correlated strongly to the calculated estimated compliance of the syringe‐infusion line assembly (Pearson's r=0.998, P < 0.0001). Infusion line compliance has an important impact on time to occlusion, particularly when using small, low compliant infusion pump syringes.
Predictors of reduction in mitral regurgitation in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronisation treatment

Background: CRT causes reduction in MR due to left ventricular (LV) remodelling, but determinants of clinically meaningful MR reduction acutely after CRT have not been evaluated. Objectives: We evaluated echocardiographic predictors of significant reduction in functional mitral regurgitation (MR) by cardiac resynchronisation treatment (CRT). Methods: 35 patients with ⩾ moderate to severe MR underwent CRT for presence of electrical and/or mechanical dyssynchrony. Significant reduction in MR post-CRT was defined as reduction to less than moderate MR (MR jet area/left atrial area <25%, group 1) on follow-up echocardiogram at 1.7 (SD 2.8) months post-CRT. Results: Significant MR reduction of 62% (28%) from baseline MR occurred in 18 patients vs 22% (16%) in the remaining patients (group 2), p<0.01). Follow-up left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 0.43 (0.09) in group 1 patients vs 0.29% (0.1%) in group 2 patients (p<0.001). On multivariate analysis, time to peak strain in the mid inferior segment was the only significant predictor of MR reduction post-CRT (p = 0.008, OR = 1.023 (CI 1.006 to 1.041). The sensitivity and specificity of the combined variable of time to peak strain of >400 ms in the mid inferior segment and peak negative strain of ⩾9% and 8% in the basal and mid posterior segments, respectively, to predict follow-up MR was 88% and 93% respectively and positive and negative predictive value was 94% and 87%. Conclusion: In patients with cardiomyopathy and significant MR, the presence of delayed longitudinal strain in the mid inferior LV segment along with preserved negative systolic strain in the basal and mid posterior segments predicts substantial reduction in MR post-CRT.
Singlets, cascaded singlets, and the nonresonating node model for advanced modular design of elliptic filters

The singlet, which contains one resonator and generates one transmission zero, is introduced as the most basic building block for modular design of elliptic filters. Higher-order elliptic filters are designed by cascading singlets to generate the required transmission zeros. A novel model, the nonresonating node model (NRNM), which contains both resonating and nonresonating nodes is then introduced. The model allows a high level of modularity in the design of elliptic filters. Example filters are designed and measured to validate the model and the design approach.
How useful are delta checks in the 21st century? A stochastic-dynamic model of specimen mix-up and detection

Introduction: Delta checks use two specimen test results taken in succession in order to detect test result changes greater than expected physiological variation. One of the most common and serious errors detected by delta checks is specimen mix-up errors. The positive and negative predictive values of delta checks for detecting specimen mix-up errors, however, are largely unknown. Materials and Methods: We addressed this question by first constructing a stochastic dynamic model using repeat test values for five analytes from approximately 8000 inpatients in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The analytes examined were sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and creatinine. The model simulated specimen mix-up errors by randomly switching a set number of pairs of second test results. Sensitivities and specificities were then calculated for each analyte for six combinations of delta check equations and cut-off values from the published literature. Results: Delta check specificities obtained from this model ranged from 50% to 99%; however the sensitivities were generally below 20% with the exception of creatinine for which the best performing delta check had a sensitivity of 82.8%. Within a plausible incidence range of specimen mix-ups the positive predictive values of even the best performing delta check equation and analyte became negligible. Conclusion: This finding casts doubt on the ongoing clinical utility of delta checks in the setting of low rates of specimen mix-ups.
Social inequality in oral health and use of dental care in Sweden.

OBJECTIVE To describe oral health and use of dental care in relation to socio-economic determinants over time in Sweden. METHODS Cross-sectional study based on interview data on two randomly sampled sequential populations consisting of 7,610 Swedish adult (25-64 years) residents and 4,315 children (3-15 years) in their households from the Survey of Living Conditions 1996-97, and 7,649 adult Swedish residents (25-64 years) from the survey of 1988-89. RESULTS Low educational level, having no cash margin and being born outside of Sweden was associated with higher odds of problems with chewing, wearing a prosthesis and not having been treated by a dentist during the 24 months preceding the interview, in a logistic regression analysis of data from the 1996-97 survey in the adult study population (adjusted odds ratios 1.6-2.9). The same socio-economic determinants were associated with caries in children (adjusted odds ratios 1.2-1.5). The socio-economic differences in dental treatment and problems with chewing were greater in the age group 45-64 years compared to 25-44-year-olds. The prevalence of problems with chewing increased from 7.1% (95% CI 6.5-8.1) in the 1988-89 survey to 9.1% (8.4-9.8) in the 1996-97 survey. A similar increase, from 2.4% (2.2-2.6) to 4.4% (3.9-4.9) was observed for individuals not having been in dental treatment during the last 24 months. The socio-economic distribution of oral health and use of dental care in the adult population was similar in the two surveys. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that socio-economic differences in oral health and use of dental care are most marked in older (45-64 years) adults in Sweden, but are significant in young adults and, in terms of oral health, in children as well. A steep increase in user charges during the 1990s has been paralleled by a moderate increase in problems with chewing and the proportion of the population that has no regular dental care, which suggests a link that needs to be evaluated in further studies.