Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Boundary Conditions to Account for Mean Flow Effects in a Zero Mach Number Acoustic Solver

The present study is devoted to the modeling of mean flow effects while computing thermoacoustic modes under the zero Mach number assumption. It is first recalled that the acoustic impedance modelling a compressor or a turbine must be pre- scribed under an energetical form instead of the classical acous- tic variables. Then we demonstrate the feasibility to take into ac- count the coupling between acoustic and entropy waves in a zero Mach number framework to capture a family of low frequency entropic modes. The proposed approach relies on a new Delayed Entropy Coupled Boundary Condition (DECBC) and proves able to capture a family of Low frequency entropic mode even though no mean flow term is included into the fluctuating pressure equa- tion.
Aquabot: A Diagnostic Chatbot for Achluophobia and Autism

Chatbots or chatter bots have been a good way to entertain one. This paper emphasizes on the use of a chatbot in the diagnosis of Achluophobia – the fear of darkness and autism disorder. Autism and Achluophobia (fear of darkness) are the most common neurodevelopment disorders usually found in children. State of the art trivial diagnosis methods require a lot of time and are also unable to maintain the case history of psychological disease. A chatbot has been developed in this work which can diagnose the severity of disease based on user’s text based questions. It performs Natural Language Processing (NLP) for meaning extraction and uses Decision Trees to characterize a patient in terms of possible disease. NLP unit extracts meaning of keywords defining intensity of disease’s symptoms, from user’s chat. After that similarity matching of sentence containing keywords is performed. Depth First Search (DFS) technique is used for traversing Decision Tree and making decision about severity of disease. The proposed system namely Aquabot, proves to be an efficient technique in diagnosing Achluophobia and Autism. Aquabot is useful for practitioner psychologists to assist a human psychologist. Aquabot not only saved time and resources but also achieved an accuracy of 88 percent when compared against human psychologist’s diagnosed results.
Antifungal Constituents from the Chinese Moss Homalia trichomanoides

Bioautographic assay on TLC plates was adopted to guide the fractionation of the Et2O extract of Homalia trichomanoides (Hedw.) B. S. G. , which led to the isolation of the novel p‐terphenyl derivative trichomanin (=4,4″‐dihydroxy‐1,1′:4′,1″‐terphenyl‐2′,3′,5′,6′‐tetrayl tetrakis(phenylacetate); 1), together with five known compounds: 3α‐methoxyserrat‐14‐en‐21β‐ol (2), 3β‐methoxyserrat‐14‐en‐21β‐ol (3), 3β‐methoxyserrat‐14‐en‐21‐one (4), atranorin (5), and methyl 2,4‐dihydroxy‐3,6‐dimethylbenzoate (6). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral data (1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, MS), X‐ray crystallographic analysis, and chemical transformation. Compounds 3, 5, and 6 exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans, with minimum inhibitory doses (MID) of 2.0, 2.0, and 0.6 μg, respectively.
Textural features corresponding to textural properties

Five properties of texture, namely, coarseness, contrast, business, complexity, and texture strength, are given conceptual definitions in terms of spatial changes in intensity. These conceptual definitions are then approximated in computational forms. In comparison with human perceptual measurements, the computational measures have shown good correspondences in the rank ordering of ten natural textures. The extent to which the measures approximate visual perception was investigated in the form of texture similarity measurements. These results were also encouraging, although not as good as in the rank ordering of the textures. The differences may be due to the complex mechanism of human usage of multiple cues. Improved classification results were obtained using the above features as compared with two existing texture analysis techniques. The application of the features in agricultural land-use classification is considered. >
Effect of Capsaicin Supplementation on Repeated Sprinting Performance

Opheim, MN, and Rankin, JW. Effect of capsaicin supplementation on repeated sprinting performance. J Strength Cond Res 26(2): 319–326, 2012—Performance in many team sports is partially dependent on the ability to perform repeatedly at high intensity. Previous research demonstrates that capsaicin (CAP) has physiological and metabolic effects that could influence exercise performance and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of CAP on performance of and the interleukin-6 (IL-6) response to repeated sprints. Nineteen healthy male experienced athletes, age 18–30 years, participated in a placebo (PCB)-controlled, crossover study. During 1 trial, they consumed 3 g·d−1 cayenne (25.8 mg·d−1 CAP) and the other a PCB for days. Directly after the supplementation period, they completed a repeated sprint test (RST) consisting of 15 30-m maximal effort sprints on 35-second intervals with sprint times measured via an electronic dual-beam timing system. Fasted blood draws for IL-6 were taken at baseline before supplementation, 45 minute pre-RST, and immediately post-RST. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE), muscle soreness (MS), and gastrointestinal distress (GD) for 5 symptom subscales were measured 1-minute pretest, during, posttest, and 1-minute posttest. The MS was additionally measured for 3-day posttest. Relative to the PCB, CAP significantly increased the sum of ratings of GD symptoms by 6.3-fold. There was no difference between treatments in fastest or mean sprint time, fatigue, IL-6 response, RPE, or MS. In summary, CAP did not influence repeated sprint performance or the IL-6 response but caused substantial GD. The CAP is not recommended for athletes involved in repeated sprinting.
Antioxidant Vitamin Supplements and Cardiovascular Disease

The American Heart Association (AHA) has had a long-standing commitment to provide information about the role of nutrition in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction. Many activities have been and are currently directed toward this objective, including issuing AHA Dietary Guidelines periodically (most recently in 20001) and Science Advisories and Statements on an ongoing basis to review emerging nutrition-related issues. The objective of the AHA Dietary Guidelines is to promote healthful dietary patterns. A consistent focus since the inception of the AHA Dietary Guidelines has been to reduce saturated fat (and trans fat) and cholesterol intake, as well as to increase dietary fiber consumption. Collectively, all the AHA Dietary Guidelines have supported a dietary pattern that promotes the consumption of diets rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat or nonfat dairy products, fish, legumes, poultry, and lean meats. This dietary pattern has a low energy density to promote weight control and a high nutrient density to meet all nutrient needs. As reviewed in the first AHA Science Advisory2 on antioxidant vitamins, epidemiological and population studies reported that some micronutrients may beneficially affect CVD risk (ie, antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin E, vitamin C, and β-carotene). Recent epidemiological evidence3 is consistent with the earlier epidemiological and population studies (reviewed in the first Science Advisory). 2 These findings have been supported by in vitro studies that have established a role of oxidative processes in the development of the atherosclerotic plaque. Underlying the atherosclerotic process are proatherogenic and prothrombotic oxidative events in the artery wall that may be inhibited by antioxidants. The 1999 AHA Science Advisory2 recommended that the general population consume a balanced diet with emphasis on antioxidant-rich fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, advice that was consistent with the AHA Dietary Guidelines at the time. In the absence of …
Physiological basis for human autonomic rhythms

Oscillations of arterial pressures, heart periods, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity have been studied intensively in recent years to explore otherwise obscure human neurophysiological mechanisms. The best-studied rhythms are those occurring at breathing frequencies. Published evidence indicates that respiratory fluctuations of muscle sympathetic nerve activity and electrocardiographic R-R intervals result primarily from the action of a central ‘gate’ that opens during expiration and closes during inspiration. Parallel respiratory fluctuations of arterial pressures and R-R intervals are thought to be secondary to arterial baroreflex physiology: changes in systolic pressure provoke changes in the R-R interval. However, growing evidence suggests that these parallel oscillations result from the influence of respiration on sympathetic and vagal-cardiac motoneurones rather than from baroreflex physiology. There is a rapidly growing literature on the use of mathematical models of low- and high-frequency (respiratory) R-R interval fluctuations in characterizing instantaneous ‘sympathovagal balance’. The case for this approach is based primarily on measurements made with patients in upright tilt. However, the strong linear relation between such measures as the ratio of low- to high-frequency R-R interval oscillations and the angle of the tilt reflects exclusively the reductions of the vagal (high-frequency) component. As the sympathetic component does not change in tilt, the low- to high-frequency R-R interval ratio provides no proof that sympathetic activity increases. Moreover, the validity of extrapolating from measurements performed during upright tilt to measurements during supine rest has not been established. Nonetheless, it is clear that measures of heart rate variability provide important prognostic information in patients with cardiovascular diseases. It is not known whether reduced heart rate variability is merely a marker for the severity of disease or a measurement that identifies functional reflex abnormalities contributing to terminal dysrhythmias.
Action of propofol on resistance and capacitance vessels during cardiopulmonary bypass

The peripheral vascular action of propofol on the resistance and the capacitance vessels was investigated in 16 patients during cardiopulmonary bypass. The venous reservoir (RV) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were used as indices of the changes in venous capacitance and systemic vascular resistance (SVR), respectively. Propofol 2 mg · kg‐1 produced a decrease in MAP without a significant change in RV, suggesting that propofol preferentially decreases SVR without a significant change in venous capacitance.
Consideration of Block Nomenclature: Erector Spinae Plane Block or Retrolaminar Block?

To the Editor: We congratulate Dr Forero et al 1 on their article addressing the dermatomal effect of erector spinae plane block (ESPB). Their results show that the block may be effective with this easy maneuver. Moreover, the spread of the injectate was clearly shown with cadaveric dissection. However, it is important to note that current literature on retrolaminar block (RLB), or paravertebral block lamina technique, has already shown similar technique and analgesic effect for surgical patients. The ultrasound-guided technique of ESPB is almost identical to that of ultrasound-guided RLB shown in the previous article. Dr Forero and colleagues have demonstrated that superficial ESPB had no cutaneous sensory block and that deep injection into the interfascial plane between the transverse process and the erector spinae muscle resulted in complete sensory loss over the ipsilateral thorax. The pictures of the anatomical location of the needle tip placement under ultrasound guidance were identical to that of RLB. At this early stage of investigation regarding ESPB and RLB, it remains
Prognostic values of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin, interleukin-1, interferon-alpha, and interferon-gamma in the serum of patients with septic shock. Swiss-Dutch J5 Immunoglobulin Study Group.

Serum concentrations of immunoreactive tumor necrosis factor/cachectin (TNF), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interferon-gamma (IFN gamma), and interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) were prospectively measured in 70 patients with septic shock to determine their evolution and prognostic values. In a univariate analysis, levels of TNF (P = .002) and IL-1 beta (P = .05) were associated with the patient's outcome, but not IFN alpha (P = .15) and IFN gamma (P = .26). In contrast, in a stepwise logistic regression analysis, the severity of the underlying disease (P = .01), the age of the patient (P = .02), the documentation of infection (nonbacteremic infections vs. bacteremias, P = .03), the urine output (P = .04), and the arterial pH (P = .05) contributed more significantly to prediction of patient outcome than the serum levels of TNF (P = .07). After 10 days, the median concentration of TNF was undetectable (less than 100 pg/ml) in the survivors, whereas it remained elevated (305 pg/ml, P = .002) in the nonsurvivors. Thus, in patients with septic shock due to various gram-negative bacteria, other parameters than the absolute serum concentration of immunoreactive TNF contributed significantly to the prediction of outcome.
Synaptic loss reflected by secretoneurin‐like immunoreactivity in the human hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease

Secretoneurin is a recently described peptide derived by endoproteolytic processing from secretogranin II, previously named chromogranin C. In this study, we have investigated the distribution of secretoneurin‐like immunoreactivity in the human hippocampus in controls and in Alzheimer's disease patients, and compared the staining pattern to that of calretinin. Secretoneurin‐like immunoreactivity is present throughout the hippocampal formation. At the border of the dentate molecular layer and the granule cell layer, a band of dense secretoneurin immunostaining appeared. In this part, as in the area of the CA2 sector, the high density of secretoneurin‐immunoreactivity coincided with calretinin‐like immunoreactivity. The mossy fibre system displayed a moderate density of secretoneurin‐immunoreactivity. In the entorhinal cortex, a particularly high density of secretoneurin‐immunoreactivity was observed. The density of secretoneurin‐like immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in the innermost part of the molecular layer and in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in Alzheimer's disease. For calretinin‐like immunoreactivity, a less pronounced decrease was found in the innermost part of the molecular layer. About 40–60% of neuritic plaques were secretoneurin‐immunopositive.
Characteristics of Prevalent Vertebral Fractures Predict New Fractures in Elderly Men.

BACKGROUND Studies have shown that specific characteristics of prevalent vertebral fractures are associated with a markedly low bone mineral density. This study evaluates if these characteristics also predict subsequent fractures. METHODS MrOS (Mister Osteoporosis) Sweden is a population-based, prospective observational study that includes 3014 community-living men who are sixty-nine to eighty-one years of age. At baseline, 1453 men underwent lateral thoracic and lumbar spine radiography; radiographs of 1427 men were readable. A radiologist identified and characterized prevalent vertebral fractures. Incident fractures during the next five and ten years were objectively registered with use of radiographs. The annual fracture incidence and relative risk of sustaining new fractures were assessed for men with and without baseline prevalent vertebral fracture. Data are presented as the mean and the 95% confidence interval. RESULTS There were 215 men (15.1%) with at least one prevalent vertebral fracture. During the five-year follow-up, these men had a relative risk of 3.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.6 to 4.3) of sustaining new fractures. The relative risk of sustaining any fracture was especially high in men with two or more prevalent vertebral fractures at 5.5 (95% confidence interval, 3.7 to 7.8), in men with different types of prevalent vertebral fractures at 5.7 (95% confidence interval, 3.6 to 8.5), in men with prevalent fractures in both the thoracic and lumbar regions at 6.4 (95% confidence interval, 4.5 to 8.8), and in men with prevalent fractures with a degree of vertebral body compression in the three worst quartiles, with the relative risk for the worst quartile at 4.0 (95% confidence interval, 2.6 to 5.9). CONCLUSIONS Older men with a prevalent vertebral fracture have three times increased risk of sustaining new fractures compared with men without a vertebral fracture. Older men with two or more prevalent vertebral fractures, different types of fractures (wedge, biconcave, and/or crush), fractures in both the thoracic and lumbar regions, and a degree of vertebral body compression in the three worst quartiles are at an especially high risk of sustaining new fractures. Older men with prevalent vertebral fractures should be considered for fracture-prevention efforts.
Bactericidal effects of various concentrations of enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tilmicosin phosphate, and tulathromycin on clinical isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica.

OBJECTIVE To determine bactericidal effects of enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tilmicosin, and tulathromycin on clinical isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica at various bacterial densities and drug concentrations. SAMPLE 4 unique isolates of M haemolytica recovered from clinically infected cattle. PROCEDURES Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and mutant prevention concentration (MPC) were determined for each drug and isolate. Mannheimia haemolytica suspensions (10(6) to 10(9) CFUs/mL) were exposed to the determined MIC and MPC and preestablished maximum serum and tissue concentrations of each drug. Log10 reduction in viable cells (percentage of cells killed) was measured at various points. RESULTS Bacterial killing at the MIC was slow and incomplete. After 2 hours of isolate exposure to the MPC and maximum serum and tissue concentrations of the tested drugs, 91% to almost 100% cell killing was achieved with enrofloxacin, compared with 8% growth to 93% cell killing with florfenicol, 199% growth to 63% cell killing with tilmicosin, and 128% growth to 43% cell killing with tulathromycin over the range of inoculum tested. For all drugs, killing of viable organisms was evident at all bacterial densities tested; however, killing was more substantial at the MPC and maximum serum and tissue drug concentrations than at the MIC and increased with duration of drug exposure. Rank order of drugs by killing potency was enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tilmicosin, and tulathromycin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings suggested that antimicrobial doses that equaled or exceeded the MPC provided rapid killing of M haemolytica by the tested drugs, decreasing opportunities for antimicrobial-resistant subpopulations of bacteria to develop during drug exposure.
Changes in dendritic cell function in the immune response to sepsis

Sepsis represents a complex clinical syndrome of significant morbidity and mortality. This continues to be the case in intensive care units around the world, despite extensive use of antibiotics, aggressive surgical intervention and optimization of nutritional support. Furthermore, the failure of > 30 anti-inflammatory mediator therapeutic trials implies, beyond the issue of trial design, there remains the necessity to develop a better understanding of the evolving pathophysiology of this syndrome. Studies indicate that the development of marked immune suppression in sepsis is more often associated with morbid outcome. Dendritic cells, a critical immune cell type bridging the innate and adaptive immune response, not only are affected (killed) by the systemic inflammatory response but also contribute to (by impaired function) the development of immune suppression during sepsis. Here the authors attempt to review emerging data indicating the key role dendritic cells may play in sepsis-induced immune suppression. Undoubtedly, a better understanding of the dendritic cell's response during sepsis will be critical to developing novel strategies for fighting this deadly disease.
Phenylpropanolamine: an alpha-adrenergic agent for the management of urinary incontinence in the bitch associated with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence

Ten bitches with urinary incontinence due to incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism were treated with phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride at a dose of either 1 mg/kg orally three times daily or 2 mg/kg orally once daily in a prolonged release formulation. The signs of incontinence resolved in all the bitches, and improvements were maintained over periods ranging from one to more than two years, except in one bitch which became refractory to treatment after three months. One bitch which was inadvertently treated at a dose rate of 2.5 mg/kg showed signs of lethargy and inappetence but returned to normal when the dose rate was reduced.
Block of a glioma cell line in S by interferon

The human glioma cell line U‐251 MG, with a well‐characterized defect in growth control, was sensitive to the antiproliferative effects of human (fibroblast) interferon (IFN). IFN inhibited exponentially growing cells by increasing the number of cells in the S stage of the cell cycle. At the same time the number of cells in G0/G1 diminished. The rate of thymidine incorporation was decreased during the first cell cycle, with no prolongation of S. However, in synchronized cultures, the wave of cells with a S‐phase content did not decrease over a time period several hours longer than the length of S measured by pulse labelling. Thus we conclude that, at a sufficient dose, the cells were unable to accomplish cell division as they prematurely stopped synthesizing DNA.
Mechanistic investigations into the species differences in pinometostat clearance: impact of binding to alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and permeability-limited hepatic uptake

Abstract 1. The plasma clearance of the first-in-class DOT1L inhibitor, EPZ-5676 (pinometostat), was shown to be markedly lower in human compared to the preclinical species, mouse, rat and dog. 2. This led to vertical allometry where various interspecies scaling methods were applied to the data, with fold-errors between 4 and 13. We had previously reported the elimination and metabolic pathways of EPZ-5676 were similar across species. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explore the mechanistic basis for the species difference in clearance for EPZ-5676, focusing on other aspects of disposition. 3. The protein binding of EPZ-5676 in human plasma demonstrated a non-linear relationship suggesting saturable binding at physiologically relevant concentrations. Saturation of protein binding was not observed in plasma from preclinical species. Kinetic determinations using purified serum albumin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) confirmed that EPZ-5676 is a high affinity ligand for AAG with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.24 μM. 4. Permeability limited uptake was also considered since hepatocyte CLint was much lower in human relative to preclinical species. Passive unbound CLint for EPZ-5676 was estimated using a correlation analysis of logD and data previously reported on seven drugs in sandwich cultured human hepatocytes. 5. Incorporation of AAG binding and permeability limited hepatic uptake into the well-stirred liver model gave rise to a predicted clearance for EPZ-5676 within 2-fold of the observed value of 1.4 mL min−1 kg−1. This analysis suggests that the marked species difference in EPZ-5676 clearance is driven by high affinity binding to human AAG as well as species-specific hepatic uptake invoking the role of transporters.