Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SUBMAXIMAL HEART RATE PROFILE IN HIGHLY TRAINED TRIATHLETES

Rev.int.med.cienc. act. fís. deportevol.x número x ISSN: 1577-0354 2 Nine male triathletes (VO2max: 68.0 ± 2.0 mL·kg·min, age: 25 ± 1.9 years, weight: 68.3 ± 2.2 kg, height: 177.4 ± 2.2 cm), performed an incremental maximal cycle exercise test on three separate occasions corresponding to the start of the season, pre-competitive period, and competitive period. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2respectively) were assessed in each visit. Despite changes in the distribution of training among disciplines, total training time, training time per week, and intensity of the training, POmax, VO2max, submaximal HR, and lactate concentration remained stable throughout the season. Due to the stability displayed by the heart rate ventilatory thresholds relationship in our sample, we conclude that a single laboratory testing at the start of the season could be enough to prescribe training intensities (at least for cycling) based on heart rate zones in highly trained triathletes. These results should be compared in future studies with longer samples in order to be generalised.
A LITERATURE SURVEY OF COST OF QUALITY MODELS

To collect quality costs an organization needs to adopt a framework to classify costs. CoQ is usually understood as the sum of conformance plus non-conformance costs, where cost of conformance is the price paid for prevention of poor quality (for example, inspection and quality appraisal) and cost of non-conformance is the cost of poor quality caused by product and service failure. The scope of this paper is to present a survey on the topic of CoQ; it opens with a literature review focused on existing CoQ models; then it briefly presents the most common CoQ parameters and the metrics (indices) used for monitoring CoQ. In the third section, the use of CoQ models in practice, i.e., the implementation of quality costing systems in companies is discussed, with emphasis in cases concerning manufacturing firms.
Past Performance and Procurement Outcomes-WORK IN PROGRESS -

Reputational incentives may be a powerful mechanism for improving supplier performance. We analyze their role in contract awarding, exploiting an experiment run by a firm which introduced a new vendor rating system scoring suppliers’ past performance and linking it to the award of future contracts. We study responses in both price and performance to the announcement of the switch from price-only to price-andrating auctions. Across the 136 parameters scored, overall compliance improves from 25 percent to 80 percent. Improvements involve all parameters and suppliers, but are more pronounced for parameters receiving a higher weight in the announced scoring auction. Prices do not significantly change overall, but we find some evidence of lower prices right after the announcement when suppliers compete to win contracts to get scored, and of higher prices once they have established a good reputation. Even under an upper bound estimate for this price increase, however, the cost of the policy is below its lower bound benefit estimate, which derives from a reduction in fatal accidents driven by improvements on the subset of parameters involving worksite safety. To gain a lung run perspective on the experiment’s effects, we are in the process of updating the paper with data received on January 2018 covering the 2010-2017 period. ∗Decarolis: Bocconi University, francesco.decarolis@unibocconi.it. Pacini: Agenzia del Demanio, riccardo.pacini01@agenziademanio.it. Spagnolo: SITE-Stockholm School of Economics, EIEF and Tor Vergata, spagnologianca@gmail.com. We are grateful to Nick Bloom, Luis Cabral, Liran Einav, Rosa Ferrer, Stefano Gagliarducci, Ricard Gil, Luigi Guiso, Hugo Hopenhayn, Neale Mahoney, Enrico Moretti, Gustavo Piga, Piero Sabbatini, Stephane Saussier, Steve Tadelis, Paola Valbonesi and to the participants at the seminars at Barcelona GSE, Berkeley, FGV Rio de Janeiro, Stanford University, Stockholm University, University of Bologna and University of Paris I for their useful suggestions. We are thankful to the firm running the experiment and to the Italian Procurement Authority for providing us with the data. Decarolis thankfully acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant 679217). Spagnolo is grateful to the Wallander and Hedelius foundation for financial support (Handelsbanken P2013-0162).
ANALYSIS OF PLANTAIN MARKETING IN IKWUANO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ABIA STATE , NIGERIA

Department of Agricultural Economics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike; email: floxynse@gmail.com. Phone: 08035236753 This study analyzed plantain marketing in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State. The objectives of the study were to examine the socio-economic characteristics of plantain marketers, identify plantain marketing channels, estimate costs and returns of plantain marketing, determine the factors that affect marketing efficiency and identify problems hindering plantain marketing in the study area. The study was conducted in two major markets namely Ndoru and Ariam markets. A random sampling technique was used to select 25 respondents each from the two markets giving a total of 50 respondents in the study area. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, costs and return analysis and multiple regression analysis. Result showed that 98% of the respondents were female, 64% were within the age range of 31-40 years, 76% were married, 54% had household size between 6-10 persons. Majority (67%) of the respondents had formal education while 78% had marketing experience of less than 10 years. Marketing channels constituted producers, processors, wholesalers, retailers and finally to the consumers. Results also showed that plantain marketing was a profitable venture with net return of N41000 and also economically efficient with marketing efficiency of 1.52. Variables that significantly affected marketing efficiency of plantain were purchasing cost, selling price and household size. Lack of fund, seasonality, high cost of plantain, spoilage, fluctuation in price and high transportation cost were the problems associated with plantain marketing. The study recommends that plantain marketers should form cooperatives association to help reduce cost of marketing while taking advantage of economies of scale.
Interactive comment on “ Mercury in arctic tundra snowpack : temporal and spatial concentration patterns and trace – gas exchanges ” by Yannick

The authors investigated snow Hg dynamics in the interior arctic tundra at Toolik, Alaska. They compared their results to a temperate snowpack in the Rocky Mountain, Colorado and conclude that photochemical Hg(0) losses from the snowpack in models should be adjusted and treated differently in arctic and temperate snowpacks. I think that this research provides some very interesting results and the manuscript is fairly well written. However, to my opinion, it lacks a thorough comparison to other studies performed in polar regions and a discussion on instrumental limitations. I think that the manuscript will be appropriate for publication in The Cryosphere after the authors
Structure-Activity Relationship ( SAR ) of Withanolides to Inhibit Hsp 90 for Its Activity in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Withaferin A (WA), a naturally occurring steroidal lactone, directly binds to Hsp90 and leads to the degradation of Hsp90 client protein. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structure activity relationship (SAR) of withanolides for their inhibition of Hsp90 and anti-proliferative activities in pancreatic cancer cells. In pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells, withaferin A (WA) and its four analogues withanolide E (WE), 4-hydroxywithanolide E (HWE), 3-aziridinylwithaferin A (AzWA) inhibited cell proliferation with IC50 ranged from 1.0 to 2.8 μM. WA, WE, HWE, and AzWA also induced caspase-3 activity by 21-, 6-, 11and 15-fold, respectively, in Panc-1 cells, while withaperuvin (WP) did not show any activity. Our data showed that WA, WE, HWE, and AzWA, but not WP, all directly bound to Hsp90 and induced Hsp90 aggregation, hence inhibited Hsp90 chaperone activity to induce degradation of Hsp90 client proteins Akt and Cdk4 through proteasome-dependent pathway in pancreatic cancer cells. However, only WA, HWE and AzWA disrupted Hsp90-Cdc37 complexes but not WE and WP. SAR study suggested that the C-5(6)epoxy functional group contributes considerably for withanolide to bind to Hsp90, inhibit Hsp90 chaperone activity, and result in Hsp90 client protein depletion. Meanwhile, the hydroxyl group at C-4 of ring A may enhance withanolide to inhibit Hsp90 activity and disrupt Hsp90-Cdc37 interaction. These SAR data provide possible mechanisms of anti-proliferative action of withanolides.
The spread of the Zygothrica samoaensis group ( Drosophilidae , Diptera ) over the Pacific

The genus Zygothrica has diversified in South America where about 100 species have been recognized. It is closely related to the genus Hirtodrosophila that is particularly abundant in Asia. The two genera are so closely related that their respective delimitations are still not well defined. Moreover two plesiomorphic Zygothrica species have been described from Africa, suggesting a possible African origin of the genus. The geographical route followed by the members of the genus between the different continents is quite enigmatic. In that context the study of the Z. samoaensis group is interesting. Indeed the Z. samoaensis group is constituted of a few species distributed over the Pacific, from French Polynesia to SouthEast Asia, and shows a possible link between Old and New worlds. Our revision of the Z. samoaensis group leads to the recognition of 15 species. We have proposed its subdivision into three subgroups based on the morphological characters. We clearly observe a gradient of plesiomorphy between the three subgroups suggesting their individualization at three different times along an evolutionary trend. Interestingly the geographical distribution of the three subgroups is mainly overlapping, suggesting a parallelism in the migration route. They may have spread over the Pacific by three successive waves or simultaneously. According to the similar degree of morphological differentiation observed in each subgroup it is suggested that their diversification and spread over the Pacific has been simultaneous. However we cannot reject a phenotypic stability due to adaptive selection. It is however unclear if the colonization of the American continent is related to the same migration event. Considering the degree of morphological diversification on the continent this scenario seems unlikely and should be therefore more ancient, except if we consider a relaxation of the selective pressure. Further collecting and molecular analysis will be necessary to resolve this issue.
A P ] 1 2 A ug 2 01 9 Honeycomb-lattice Minnaert bubbles ∗

The ability to manipulate the propagation of waves on subwavelength scales is important for many different physical applications. In this paper, we consider a honeycomb-lattice of subwavelength resonators and prove, for the first time, the existence of a Dirac dispersion cone at subwavelength scales. As shown in [H. Ammari et al., A high-frequency homogenization approach near the Dirac points in bubbly honeycomb crystals, arXiv:1812.06178], near the Dirac points, the use of honeycomb crystals of subwavelength resonators as near-zero materials has a great potential. Here, we perform the analysis for the example of bubbly crystals, which is a classic example of subwavelength resonance, where the resonant frequency of a single bubble is known as the Minnaert resonance. Our first result is to derive an asymptotic formula for the quasi-periodic Minnaert resonance frequencies close to the symmetry points K in the Brilloun zone. Then we obtain the linear dispersion relation of a Dirac cone. Our findings in this paper are illustrated in the case of circular bubbles, where the multipole expansion method provides an efficient technique for computing the band structure. Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC2000). 35R30, 35C20.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF EVAPORITIC WEATHERING PRODUCTS ON f ANTARCTIC METEORITES Final Report

White evaporite deposits of terrestrial origin occur on some 5% of Antarctic meteorites. The few previous studies, and new mineralogical analyses, indicate that the deposits are predominantly carbonates and/or sulfates of magnesium. The distribution of white evaporitic salt deposits differs among different meteorite compositional groups and weathering categories of Antarctic meteorites. Salts occur with unusual frequency on carbonaceous chondrites, and are especially common in carbonaceous chondrites of weathering categories A and B. achondrites, weathering categories A and A/B show the most examples of salt weathering. chondrites and achondrites, most salt-bearing ordinary (H and L) chondrites are from rustier meteorites of weathering categories B, and, to a lesser degree, B/C and C. LL chondrites are conspicuous by their complete lack of any salt-weathering product. meteorites belong to weathering categories A, A/B, and B. Where chemical and/or mineralogical data are available, there is a persistent suggestion that evaporite formation is accompanied by elemental redistribution from meteorite interiors. Meteorites of weathering categories B, A/B, and even A may have experienced significant element redistribution and/or contamination as a result of terrestrial exposure. Evaporite formation during terrestrial weathering cannot be neglected in geochemical, cosmochemical, and mineralogical studies of Antarctic meteorites. A lower-case "ett should be added to the weathering classification of evaporite-bearing Antarctic meteorites, to inform meteorite scientists of the presence of evaporite deposits and their associated compositional effects. Among
Identity and English as a Medium of Instruction At the World Innovation Summit for Education in Doha, Qatar, in December of 2010, Kiong Byun, the vice-director of the Higher Education Policy Research Institute at Korea

At the World Innovation Summit for Education in Doha, Qatar, in December of 2010, Kiong Byun, the vice-director of the Higher Education Policy Research Institute at Korea University spoke out about his and his colleagues’ concern with the increasing implementation of an English-medium of instruction policy (EMI) in Korean universities. EMI is derived from bilingual, immersion education programs, and involves varying uses of English for the teaching of school subjects (Hu, 2010a). There are varying forms of EMI, such as the prominent European variant CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning), where an additional language is used more specifically for the learning and teaching of both content and language (Costa & Coleman, 2012). Byun concluded his speech stating, “academics and policymakers in South Korea, and in other countries pursuing similar policies, (need) to ask themselves whether the ‘global’ benefits of studying in English truly outweigh the detrimental impact on local students’ learning” (Cunnane, 2010). Byun’s actions need to be commended, as institutions and teachers have a responsibility to the teaching profession to interpret how pedagogical practices challenge or promote the dominant social hierarchies (Ricento, 2005).
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium from the USA and Pakistan

Abstract Objectives Linezolid is an important therapeutic option for the treatment of infections caused by VRE. Linezolid is a synthetic antimicrobial and resistance to this antimicrobial agent remains relatively rare. As a result, data on the comparative genomics of linezolid resistance determinants in Enterococcus faecium are relatively sparse. Methods To address this knowledge gap in E. faecium, we deployed phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing and Illumina WGS on hospital surface (environmental) and clinical isolates from the USA and Pakistan. Results We found complete concordance between isolate source country and mechanism of linezolid resistance, with all the US isolates possessing a 23S rRNA gene mutation and the Pakistan isolates harbouring two to three acquired antibiotic resistance genes. These resistance genes include the recently elucidated efflux-pump genes optrA and poxtA and a novel cfr-like variant. Although there was no difference in the linezolid MIC between the US and Pakistan isolates, there was a significant difference in the geometric mean of the MIC between the Pakistan isolates that had two versus three of the acquired antibiotic resistance genes. In five of the Pakistan E. faecium that possessed all three of the resistance genes, we found no difference in the local genetic context of poxtA and the cfr-like gene, but we identified different genetic contexts surrounding optrA. Conclusions These results demonstrate that E. faecium from different geographical regions employ alternative strategies to counter selective pressure of increasing clinical linezolid use.
Female adolescent sexual and nonsexual violent offenders : a comparison of the prevalence and impact of risk and protective factors for general recidivism

Background: This study adds to the scarce literature on female adolescent sexual offenders by examining differences between female adolescent sexual and nonsexual violent offenders in the prevalence and impact of dynamic risk and protective factors for general recidivism. Method: The sample consisted of female adolescents who were convicted for a sexual offense (FSOs; n =31) or nonsexual violent offense (FNSOs; n = 407), and for whom the Washington State Juvenile Court Assessment was completed. Results: In FSOs, considerably more protective and fewer risk factors were present than in FNSOs in almost all domains (i.e., school, relationships, family, attitude and aggression). In addition, differences in the impact of risk/protective factors on general recidivism were found. In FSOs, risk/protective factors in the family and aggression domains were especially important, whereas in FNSOs, risk/protective factors in the attitude domain were especially important. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that treatment programs developed for mainstream female offenders may also be useful for female sexual offenders in reducing general recidivism. Furthermore, the results are of importance for determining the main focus of treatment for both mainstream and sexual female adolescent offenders.
Opportunities of Incorporating African Indigenous Knowledge Systems ( AIKS ) in the Physics Curriculum

The need for economic and physical survival has been identified as a primary motivating force for technological advancement (Clark 1997). This study explores what can be learnt and gleaned from indigenous technologies that add to the theoretical conception of African Indigenous Knowledge in general and indigenous Physics in particular. The descriptive research design was used to illustrate how this can be done. Documentary, experiential and observation methods were used to gather data. The study reveals that African Physics based knowledge can be incorporated into conventional physics in order to enhance African students’ appreciation of physics. Physics has always been generated in order to solve societal and natural challenges like weather changes, shelter, communication, food and diseases. The study also argues that African societies had and still have Physics concepts which resemble formal school Physics. Therefore, it makes sense to use the existing African physics to develop the conventional concepts. The study suggests that Physics learners can apply their prior African related physics knowledge in order to k reduce the seemingly mystifying nature of conceptualisation of physics concepts as experienced by some learners. The study encourages curriculum developers to incorporate African Physics knowledge into the Physics curriculum. The study concludes that if African physics is taken seriously, it can help in the regeneration and enhancement of knowledge.
The effect of supplementation of synbiotic in broiler diets on production performance , intestinal histomorphology and carcass quality

The effect of synbiotic in broiler diets on productive performance, intestinal histomorphology and carcass quality was investigated. Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) and BACTOSAC-P ® were used as synbiotic sources, respectively. Four hundred Ross 308 chickens were assigned into a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 replicates (25 chickens per replicate). There were four dietary treatments: control diet (T1), synbiotic supplemented 0.025 % of DM (T2), 0.050 % of DM (T3) and 0.075 % of DM (T4) in broiler diets, respectively. A data was collected at 42 days old for productive performance, intestinal histomorphology, and carcass qualities. Jerusalem artichoke and BACTOSAC-P ® were used at ratio 1:9 (w/w) at the sources of prebiotic and probiotic, respectively. The results showed that feed intake were significantly different (p<0.05), specifically with the supplementation of synbiotic at 0.05% of DM. Use of synbiotics at higher levels were affected on decrease feed conversion ratios (P<0.05) in all the groups are synbiotic supplementation. And dietary supplementation of 0.05% of DM synbiotic significantly (P<0.05) increased the villus height. Moreover, it was found that decrease ammonia concentration in the intestinal and found a decrease of visceral fat was with synbiotic 0.05% of DM (P<0.05) of chicken feed supplementation of synbiotic were not affected on crypt depth, lactic acid bacteria, carcass quality and meat quality. Based on this study, it was concluded that supplementation of synbiotics could improve FCR and reduce ammonia concentration in the intestinal tract.
Chlorogenic acid slows down proteinuria and renal fibrosis in 5 / 6-nephrectomized rats by anti-oxidation and inhibiting accumulation of extracellular matrix

Object: Chlorogenic acid (CA), a phenolic compound, was reported to have beneficial effect on cisplatin induced acute kidney injury. The present study aimed to introduce 5/6 nephrectomized rat model to further evaluate its renal protective effect. Methods: In this study, adult Wistar rats were induced to develop chronic renal failure through 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx). After that, animals were treated orally with saline, CA at 20 and 60 mg/kg daily for 20 weeks; sham-operated animals were also involved as control. After treatment for 10 and 20 weeks, blood and urine samples were collected for biochemical examination; all the kidney remnants were collected for histological examination. The protein levels of TGF-β1, smad2 and phosphorylated-smad2 (p-smad2) in kidney were measured. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of TGF-β1, fibronectin and collagen IV in kidney tissues. Results: Results suggested that CA could reduce the proteinurea, blood urine nitrogen and blood creatinine in 5/6 Nx animals significantly, as well as oxidation stress in the kidney. By histological examination, CA administration alleviated glomerular sclerosis scores and tubulointerstitial injuries in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). Immunohistochemistry also suggested CA could reduce the expression of TGF-β1, fibronectin and collagen IV in kidney tissues. By western blot, we found the CA could reduce the TGF-β1, p-smad2 expression in the kidney tissues of rats. Conclusions: This study suggests that the CA can improve renal function in 5/6 Nx rats effectively. Its effect may be due to its anti-oxidation and inhibiting accumulation of extracellular matrix.