Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Capacity of Nakagami-m Fading Channels with Full Channel State Information at Low SNR

The capacity of flat Rayleigh fading channels with full channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter and at the receiver at asymptotically low SNR has been recently shown to scale essentially as SNR log(1/SNR). In this paper, we investigate the Nakagami-m fading channel capacity with full CSI, and show that the capacity of this channel scales essentially as Ω/m SNR log (1/SNR), where m is the Nakagami-m fading parameter and where Ω is the channel mean-square. We also show that one-bit CSI at the transmitter is enough to achieve this asymptotic capacity using an On-Off power control scheme. Our framework may be seen as a generalization of previous works as it captures the Rayleigh fading channel as a special case by taking m = 1.
A pilot study of maternal and term infant outcomes associated with ultrathin nipple shield use.

OBJECTIVE To examine maternal satisfaction with nipple shield use and maternal and infant physiological outcomes of breastfeeding with and without nipple shields. DESIGN A descriptive study using a structured telephone survey to examine maternal satisfaction of nipple shield use and a within-subject design to compare maternal and infant physiological outcomes for a subset of mother-infant dyads. SETTING Breastfeeding sessions were conducted in Pacific Northwest hospitals. PARTICIPANTS 32 lactating women with experience using nipple shields; a subset of 5 maternal-infant dyads participated in the physiological part of the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Maternal response to survey explored maternal satisfaction with nipple shield use. To examine maternal and infant physiological outcomes, two measures were used: infant test weighing to evaluate breast milk intake and maternal prolactin and cortisol levels to evaluate breast milk production. RESULTS Maternal survey response indicated that use of nipple shields may prevent premature breastfeeding termination. Physiological results demonstrated no significant difference in maternal hormonal levels and infant breast milk intake for breastfeeding sessions with and without nipple shields. CONCLUSION Use of nipple shields may be considered in face of potential abandonment of breastfeeding.
Shareholder Protection and Stock Market Development in France (1852-2007)

This paper is the first long-run historical analysis of stock market development and minority shareholder protection in France (1852-2007). For this purpose, we constructed a unique time series of shareholder protection indices (anti-director rights and securities law) and relied on triangulated and extensive secondary time-series data on French stock market development. Our analysis indicates that, contrary to the predictions of the influential “Law and finance” theory, formal investor protection was not a crucial determinant of stock market development in France from 1852 to 2007. In addition, beyond its conceptual shortcomings, “Legal Origins” theory is not able to account consistently for the differences in levels of shareholder protection between Civil law France and Common law countries across the century. Finally, the evidence provided suggests that neither capital and trade openness alone nor the partisan orientation of governments were significant contributors to the development of French equity markets in the period considered. Rather, we suggest that a political explanation, which incorporates the preferences of social classes and interest groups, the distinct impact of political institutions and the consequences of complementarities among economic institutions, may be a better option in explaining the variance in stock market development in France over time.
Financial distress, relative performance and takeovers as drivers for abnormal accruals

Our article examines abnormal accruals for a large sample of UK firms between 1994 and 2004, standardized so as to control for firm size, profitability, growth, information asymmetry and debt. We find that financial distress, proxied by a bankruptcy prediction model developed for UK firms (Charitou et al., 2004), and profitability relative both to cross-sectional and industry-specific norms, are important determinants of abnormal accruals: this is consistent with Peasnell et al. (2000) and Butler et al. (2004). Our results also confirm the suggestion by Jiraporn (2005) that abnormal accruals for acquired firms do not appear to display a particular ‘sign’.
Internationalization of the Business Curriculum at U.S. Colleges and Universities

Abstract This study provides results of a survey of business curriculum internationalization at AACSB member U.S. colleges and universities. The majority of member schools have substantially increased international exposure at their institutions during the 1990s. Diverse methods of internationalization remain. Joint programs, student and faculty exchanges andforeign language requirements are increasingly in place. Elective specialized international courses are the dominant method of curriculum internationalization, but many schools also add international content to existing non-international courses.
The Status of Planning in Smaller Family-Owned Business

Numerous articles in academic publications as well as practitioner oriented journals have recognized the importance of planning for family owned businesses. Yet there is surprisingly little empirical work that has examined the techniques, tools, and approaches to planning that are actually being used in these types of firms. The present study is designed to fill this gap by reporting the results of a survey of 128 smaller family-owned businesses. Specifically, it seeks to determine (1) the types of objectives being used by these firms, (2) the external factors that serve as inputs to the long-range plans, (3) for those firms who plan for growth and expansion, how they intend to achieve such goals, (4) the types of financial planning undertaken by these companies, (5) the extent to which performance is periodically reviewed, (6) whether outside consultants are used to assist in the long-range planning process, and (7) the extent to which mathematical or computer models are utilized.
Enantiomeric drug development: issues, considerations, and regulatory requirements.

The therapeutic implications of chirality in medicinal compounds is now well recognized. Indeed, the failure to recognize chirality while describing the drug disposition, including pharmacokinetic characteristics, pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, and toxicology, can result in farreaching untoward effect as exempli®ed by the toxicity associated with thalidomide, benoxaprofen, and terodoline. Although some years ago it was not considered fashionable to develop the more active enantiomer of the chiral molecule, the present day scene has seen a surge in popularity for the development of the single enantiomer. In addition, regulatory agencies are increasingly scrutinizing New Drug Applications (NDAs) of racemates, requiring the sponsor(s) to research and fully characterize the contribution of each component of the racemate. As a result of the heightened awareness of chirality, one has to apply a rational approach to justify the selection of the chiral entity for the NDA ®ling, which is going to be used to obtain safety and ef®cacy parameters. It should be noted that although chirality may be a factor that would determine the selection of the appropriate chiral form of the molecule for drug development, to the best of our knowledge, chirality considerations are not impacting as yet on the fast throughput screening of lead drug candidates. However, when a chiral molecule is identi®ed as the lead candidate, stereochemical issues become part of the developmental issues, such as selection of the desirable isomer or racemate, and ideally they should be addressed early in the course of drug development. The intent of this review is (a) to provide a few case studies to support the decision about the developability of the racemate or individual enantiomers, (b) to list the available strategies for the enantiomeric drug development, (c) to discuss issues with regard to each applicable strategy, (d) to provide additional considerations for each strategic decision, and (e) to summarize the overall assessment from a regulatory perspective.
Defining entrepreneurship as a 'domain of practice': Implications for theory and research for policy and education

This paper holds in tension two perspectives on the framing of entrepreneurship: one as a discipline and the other as a domain of practice. Cooperative inquiry is the research method used to 'hold' and 'conduct' this inquiry with the purpose of exploring the implications of both the different definitional frames of entrepreneurship and the use of a cooperative inquiry research method. First, we demonstrate the application and implementation of the cooperative inquiry. Second, the implications of the different definitional frames are explored within the contexts of Australian education policy and the teaching and learning practice of entrepreneurship. Finally, the implications and possibilities of a cooperative inquiry research method are discussed for the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) project.
Policy Regimes and Normative Conceptions of Nationalism in Mass Public Opinion

The effect of policy regimes on immigrant incorporation has been the subject of extensive debate. Despite much theoretical literature on the subject, the relationships between specific national policies in various domains and outcomes broadly related to social solidarity have not been well explored empirically. The present work develops measures tapping the priority of “ascriptive” traits defining membership in the national community. It tests the expectations of the theoretical literature on multiculturalism, citizenship policy, and social welfare redistribution against these measures across 18 immigrant-receiving democracies. Cross-sectional analyses on, 2003 data indicate that both jus soli citizenship regimes and high levels of social spending are related to more immigrant-inclusive definitions of the national community, but the effect of multiculturalism is inconsistent. Examined longitudinally, the effect of a jus soli citizenship regime and social spending remains consistent, but citizens in multicultural countries appear to have become substantially more “ascriptive” on these outcomes over time.
Mechanical Design of the Series Connected Hybrid Magnet Superconducting Outsert

An innovative hybrid magnet configuration is being developed at the NHMFL, consisting of a Florida-Bitter resistive magnet nested within a cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) superconducting magnet to provide high fields for less power than traditional hybrid magnets. The resistive and superconducting magnets, connected in series, will be capable of producing 23.1 T and 13.8 T respectively for a total central field of 36.9 T. The CICC uses a cable of multifilamentary Nb3Sn/Cu strands inside a superalloy jacket that confines flowing supercritical helium in direct contact with the cable strands. The design of the magnet system is presented along with the design criteria used to evaluate the superconducting magnet and its integral components. The results of a structural analysis performed using finite elements for normal operational and fault loads are discussed for the most critical component, the conduit
Test Strategies in Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Control and Eradication Campaigns in Europe

Several European countries have initiated national and regional control-and-eradication campaigns for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Most of these campaigns do not involve the use of vaccines; in Germany, vaccination is used only in states in which it is considered necessary because of high BVDV prevalence. In European countries without organized BVDV control programs, vaccination is commonly used to control BVDV. Diagnostic test strategies are fundamental to all control-and-eradication campaigns; therefore, the purpose of this review is to describe how the available diagnostic tests are combined into test strategies in the various phases of control-and-eradication campaigns in Europe. Laboratory techniques are available for BVDV diagnosis at the individual animal level and at the herd level. These are strategically used to achieve 3 main objectives: 1) initial tests to classify herd status, 2) follow-up tests to identify individual BVDV-infected animals in infected herds, and 3) continued monitoring to confirm BVDV-free status. For each objective or phase, the validity of the diagnostic tests depends on the mode of BVDV introduction and duration of infection in test-positive herds, and on how long noninfected herds have been clear of BVDV. Therefore, the various herd-level diagnostic tools—such as antibody detection in bulk milk or in blood samples from young stock animals, or BVDV detection in bulk milk—need to be combined appropriately to obtain effective strategies at low cost. If the individual diagnostic tests are used with due consideration of the objectives of a specific phase of a BVDV control program, they are effective tools for controlling and eradicating BVDV in regions not using vaccination and where vaccination is a part of the control or eradication program.
The dimensions and numbers of small vesicles in cells, endothelial and mesothelial and the significance of these for endothelial permeability *

Measurements were made of the diameters, numbers and other parameters of small, smooth‐surfaced vesicles in the endothelium of blood capillaries and lymphatics, and in the mesothelial cells of the diaphragms of mice. Some measurements were also made on the aortic endothelium. With a few exceptions, there were no morphological differences between the various sites.
Investment in Primary, Secondary, and Higher Education and the Effects on Economic Growth

This author analyzes the effects of primary, secondary, and higher education on per capita growth for flow measures of education: enrollment rates, public expenditures, and expenditures per student. Worldwide panels since 1960 and developing and developed country subsamples are examined. Secondary and higher education enrollment rates and expenditures per student in lower education stages and primary overall demonstrate significance. Public higher education expenditures overall and per student are disadvantageous. This study recommends raising enrollment rates and prioritizing public expenditures toward lower education stages, while ensuring that expenditures per student keep up with increases in student cohorts. Indirect effects of education are explored. (JEL "O11", "H52", "I28") Copyright 2006 Western Economic Association International.
Nonuniform Bertrand Competition

The feasibility of Bertrand undercutting with nonuniform prices is established and properties are derived for Bertrand equilibrium in nonuniform price strategies. With free entry, equilibrium entails zero-profit minimum average cost production. If there is more than one producing firm, all prices collapse to a minimum average cost uniform price. An existence condition is compared to conditions from uniform price theory. Without free entry equilibrium, prices may not collapse to a uniform price. Positive profit may occur but all firms earn equal profit and incur equal marginal cost, while consumers pay average outlay no greater than marginal cost. Copyright 1992 by The Econometric Society.
The 3rd OECD World Forum on "Statistics, Knowledge and Policy" Charting Progress, Building Visions, Improving Life

A vibrant civil society is critical for social progress. The experiences of social movements show that active civil society can change the political climate and improve the much-corrupted national politics. When the governments recognize the importance of the civil society and consider it as legitimate partner of governance, social progress can be further accelerated. Among the vibrant CSOs around the world, women’s organizations have been visible forces. Since the 1990’s, the women’s organizations have emerged as agents of social change globally as well as nationally. At the global level, the women NGO leaders have eagerly participated in the UN world conferences, intervened in the adoption of the conference documents, organized themselves to network, and mobilized efforts to set global agendas. At the national level, the women’s movement organizations have been educator in social awareness-raising and a watchdog on the political governance and social policies. Women’s activism of monitoring, assessing, criticizing, and suggesting alternative policies has brought changes in the government’s policy formulation and implementation. The women’s movement organizations have also been an important actor in providing some essential social services as well as bringing legislative changes where necessary. And yet, women’s full and equal participation in the social and economic affairs, especially in the decision-making processes are still far from satisfactory. Without women’s full and equal participation, no real social progress can be achieved. For any meaningful social progress, gender equality should be set as the national goal, and gender mainstreaming needs to be adopted as the strategy for all segments of society—not only for the government and business corporations, but also for the NGO community itself. Gender mainstreaming strategy towards gender equality prescribes sex disaggregated data collection, gender impact analysis of all policies, gender-sensitive budgeting and more than anything else, cultural change in gender role stereotypes. The civil society organizations should be the frontier to get rid of the traditional gender roles among its members, and to promote equal sharing of responsibilities in both public and private spheres.
Adverse Selection in Durable Goods Markets

An undesirable feature of Akerlof style models of adverse selection is that ownership of" used cars is independent of preferences and is therefore ad hoc. We present a dynamic model" that incorporates the market for new goods. Consumers self-select into buying new or used" goods making ownership of used goods endogenous. We show that, in contrast with Akerlof and" in agreement with reality, the used market never shuts down and that the volume of trade can be" quite substantial even in cases with severe informational asymmetries. By incorporating the" market for new goods, the model lends itself to a study of the effects of adverse selection on" manufacturers' incentives. We find that manufacturers may gain from adverse selection. We" also give an example in which the market allocation under adverse selection is socially optimal. " An extension of the model to a world with many brands that differ in reliability leads to testable" predictions of the effects of adverse selection. We show that unreliable car brands have steeper" price declines and lower volumes of trade.
Exploring the barriers to lean health care implementation

This article analyses implementation barriers to lean thinking in health care, based on experience of applying lean thinking in the UK's National Health Service (NHS). It discusses the differences and similarities between lean thinking in manufacturing and health care and why lean implementation has been slower in health care than in manufacturing. The problems to be faced and overcome when implementing lean approaches are compared with those in other improvement programmes. The authors conclude that lean approaches do offer ways to improve health care.
Hyperthermia‐treated mesenchymal stem cells exert antitumor effects on human carcinoma cell line

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the potential for differentiation into multilineages. MSCs have been reported to play a role as precursors for tumor stroma in providing a favorable environment for tumor progression. Hyperthermia destroys cancer cells by raising the temperature of tumor‐loaded tissue to 40°C to 43°C and causes indirect sensitizing effects when combined with chemo‐ and/or radiotherapy. However, how hyperthermia affects the tumor‐supportive stroma is unknown. Here, the authors investigated the effects of hyperthermia‐treated MSCs, from different sources, on the human ovarian cancer cell line SK‐OV‐3.
Criteria for determining performance in service of crosslinked polyethylene insulated power cables

This paper presents results of a study on the mechanism of failure of crosslinked polyethylene (XLP) power cable. The n factor which establishes a basis for prediction of voltage stress-time characteristics is determined. The influence of the environment and normal operating conditions on voltage-time characteristics of XLP is presented. Recommendations are offered for an effective factory testing program for XLP insulated power cable.
PHYTOEXTRACTION OF HEAVY METALS FROM CONTAMINATED SOIL BY CO-CROPPING WITH CHELATOR APPLICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF ASSOCIATED LEACHING RISK

Phytoextraction using hyperaccumulating plants is generally time-consuming and requires the cessation of agriculture. We coupled chelators and a co-cropping system to enhance phytoextraction rates, while allowing for agricultural production. An experiment on 1 m3 lysimeter beds was conducted with a co-cropping system consisting of the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii and low-accumulating corn (Zea Mays, cv. Huidan-4), with addition of a mixture of chelators (MC), to assess the efficiency of chelator enhanced co-crop phytoextraction and the leaching risk caused by the chelator. The results showed that the addition of MC promoted the growth of S. alfredii in the first crop (spring-summer season) and significantly increased the metal phytoextraction. The DTPA-extractable and total metal concentrations in the topsoil were also reduced more significantly with the addition of MC compared with the control treatments. However, mono-cropped S. alfredii without MC was more suitable for maximizing S. alfredii growth and therefore phytoextraction of Zn and Cd during the autumn-winter seasons. No adverse impact to groundwater due to MC application was observed during the experiments with three crops and three MC applications. But elevated total Cd and Pb concentrations among subsoils compared to the initial subsoil concentrations were found for the co-crop + MC treatment after the third crop.
Effect of Intrathecal Fentanyl on subarachnoid block with 0 . 5 % hyperbaric bupivacaine

Background and objectives: Subarachnoid block is most versatile regional block commonly employed for infraumbilical surgeries. The use of neuroaxial opioids has gained widespread popularity as they potentiate the analgesia produced by local anesthetics. Hence the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of intrathecally administered fentanyl (25mcg) on the characteristics of hyperbaric bupivacaine induced subarachnoid block and adverse effects of fentanyl. Methods: In this prospective randomized study eighty ASA grade I and II patients scheduled for elective gynecological surgeries were assigned to receive either 3ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with0.5ml of CSF (Group I) or 3ml of 0.5%hyperbaric bupivacaine and 0.5ml of fentanyl(25mcg,Group II). Vital signs, sensory , motor block and side effects were observed every 1minute for first 30minutes , at 10 minutes for an hour and at every 30minutes till recovery. Results: Onset of sensory and motor block was comparable in both groups. Two segment regression and the duration of analgesia was significantly prolonged in group II i.e.134.12±10.81 and 207±17.57 minutes respectively compared to group I i.e-89.85±10.98 and 192.12±21.04minutes respectively. Intraoperatively 75% [30] of patients in group I needed sedation and 10 %( 4) patients had to be administered GA, however none required supplementation in group II, which was statistically highly significant. There was no significant statistical difference in the incidence of side effects in both the groups. Conclusion: This study confirmed that addition of fentanyl (25mcg) to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia would markedly improve the quality of intraoperative analgesia with minimal side effects.