Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
It’s Your Place: Development and Evaluation of an Evidence-Based Bystander Intervention Campaign

ABSTRACT Preventing sexual assault on college campuses is a national priority. Bystander intervention offers a promising approach to change social norms and prevent sexual misconduct. This study presents the implementation and evaluation of a theory-based campaign to promote active bystander intervention. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) served as a conceptual framework throughout campaign development and evaluation. Formative research published elsewhere was used to develop campaign strategies, communication channels, and messages, including “It is your place to prevent sexual assault: You’re not ruining a good time. ” The It’s Your Place multi-media campaign fosters a culture of bystander intervention through peer-to-peer facilitation and training, as well as traditional and new media platforms. A cross-sectional post-test only web-based survey was designed to evaluate the campaign and test the TPB’s ability to accurately predict intention to intervene. Survey data were collected from 1,505 currently enrolled students. The TPB model predicted intention to intervene. There was a significant effect of campaign exposure on attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral intention. This theory-based communication campaign offers implications for promoting active bystander intervention and reducing sexual assault.
Gastric Suction in Healthy Newborn Infants Effects on Circulation and Developing Feeding Behaviour

ABSTRACT. Gastric emptying of newborn infants is a procedure performed to prevent aspiration of gastric contents. The present investigation was conducted to study the effects of gastric suction on circulatory and behavioural parameters in 21 healthy newborn children (11 cases, 10 controls). A small elevation in mean arterial blood pressure was observed during gastric suction. The incidence of retching was also increased. In all children spontaneous sucking and rooting movements, as well as state of sleep and wakefulness were recorded. In the control group spontaneous sucking and rooting movements started to occur 15 min after birth and reached a maximum at 45 and 60 min, respectively. The first hand to mouth movement was observed after a mean of 34 min and the infants found the nipple and started to suckle at about 55 min. This sequence of prefeeding behaviour was disrupted in children who had undergone gastric suction. The physiological side‐effects induced by gastric suction are minor, but it seemed to be unpleasant for the child and no clear advantages are gained by the procedure.
A selective α2B adrenoceptor agonist (A‐1262543) and duloxetine modulate nociceptive neurones in the medial prefrontal cortex, but not in the spinal cord of neuropathic rats

The noradrenergic system contributes to pain modulation, but the roles of its specific adrenoceptors are still being defined. We have identified a novel, potent (rat EC50 = 4.3 nM) and selective α2B receptor agonist, A‐1262543, to further explore this adrenoceptor subtype's contribution to pathological nociception.
The startle response to acoustic stimuli near startle threshold: effects of stimulus rise and fall time, duration, and intensity.

The present study assessed the interaction of several stimulus parameters in the elicitation of the startle response in humans. Broadband noise stimuli with intensities of 80 and 85 dB(A) and durations of 30 and 50 ms were presented to four groups of 15 college undergraduates. Within subjects, stimulus rise and fall times of 2.5, 10, and 25 ms were presented in a 3 × 3 factorial design. Amplitude, probability, and latency of integrated EMG activity from orbicularis oculi (eyeblink) were assessed. As stimulus rise time increased, response amplitude and probability decreased, and response latency increased, for both durations and both intensities tested. A main effect of stimulus duration on response probability was found, with higher probability for 50-ms than for 30-ms stimuli. In conjunction with previous research which found no effect of stimulus rise time on startle responding with more intense stimuli, these results suggest that startle response elicitation is determined by an interaction of stimulus parameters, with manipulation of some parameters being more effective at certain levels of other parameters.
Multiple blood donations associated with iron deficiency in patients with restless legs syndrome.

OBJECTIVE To describe a series of patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and iron deficiency with and without anemia related to repeated blood donations. PATIENTS AND METHODS Study patients were identified by asking consecutive patients with RLS seen at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, from February 1 to December 31, 2001, whether they donated blood. All patients who fulfilled the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group criteria for RLS, had donated blood a minimum of 3 times a year the preceding 3 years, and had iron deficiency (serum ferritin concentration <20 microg/L) were included in the study. RESULTS Eight patients met the study criteria. The mean +/- SD serum ferritin concentration was 8.1 +/- 3.5 microg/L, and 4 patients had anemia. In 6 of the 8 patients, RLS began at about the same time of or after blood donation. Patients had donated blood for 4.2 +/- 13 times a year (range, 3-6 times a year) for 15.2 +/- 83 years (range, 5-25 years). Hemoglobin concentrations were 12.8 +/- 1.8 g/dL (range, 10.6-15.5 g/dL). In 2 patients, RLS essentially resolved with correction of iron stores alone, and medications for RLS were successfully discontinued in 2 other patients. CONCLUSIONS Repeated blood donation is associated with induction or perpetuation of RLS due to iron deficiency with or without coexisting anemia. Potential blood donors should be questioned about RLS, and donation should not be allowed until the serum ferritin concentration has been measured and iron stores replenished if necessary.
Cell-Neutrophil Interactions Urethritis Reveal Novel Epithelial Chlamydia trachomatis and gonorrhoeae Neisseria Distinct Defensin Profiles in

10.1128/IAI.73. 8.4823-4833.2005. 2005, 73(8):4823. DOI: Infect. Immun. Ganz, Peter A. Rice and Alison J. Quayle Marcia Klein-Patel, Gill Diamond, Sunita Gulati, Tomas Mahoozi, Omar Murillo, Heriberto Lima, Sheila Greene, Laily Edith Porter, Huixia Yang, Sujata Yavagal, Gloria C. Preza, Cell-Neutrophil Interactions Urethritis Reveal Novel Epithelial Chlamydia trachomatis and gonorrhoeae Neisseria Distinct Defensin Profiles in
Sirtuin-dependent clock control: new advances in metabolism, aging and cancer

Purpose of reviewThe circadian clock is an intricate biological timekeeper that is subject to fine-tuning mechanisms in order to maintain synchrony with the surrounding environment. One such mechanism is performed by the mammalian sirtuins that provide plasticity to the circadian clock by sensing cellular metabolic state. The sirtuins modulate the circadian epigenome and subsequent transcriptional control, and alterations to this organized system manifest in metabolic consequences, aging phenotypes and possibly cancer. Recent findingsNew information regarding sirtuin-dependent control of the circadian clock has emerged. In addition to sirtuin (SIRT)1 and SIRT3, SIRT6 has been demonstrated as a critical regulator of circadian transcription that also serves as an interface with metabolic homeostasis. Also, new metabolic functions of SIRT1 have been described in the brain, which are critical to relay nutritional inputs to the central clock. SummaryThis review focuses on the link between the circadian clock and the sirtuins, with an emphasis on new findings. In addition, speculation on the possible connections at the physiological level will be made that could further link the clock to aging and cancer.
Translation and Linguistic Validation of the Self‐Completed Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S‐LANSS) Scale for Use in a Libyan Population

Background: The Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) pain scale is used to identify pain of neuropathic origin and has been validated as a self‐completed tool (S‐LANSS). We translated the S‐LANSS into Arabic and evaluated its reliability and linguistic validity for use by Libyan people.
A Bit-Vector Approach to Satisfiability Testing in Finitely-Valued Logics

We define a new bit-vector approach for reducing the satisfiability problem of any finitely-valued logic to SAT. Our approach consists of first encoding both the finitely-valued logic and the formula under consideration as an SMT program under the logic of quantifier-free uninterpreted functions and bit vectors (QF_UFBV), and then automatically derive a SAT instance using flattening techniques and efficient CNF conversion algorithms. Moreover, we report on an experimental investigation that shows that the proposed approach is competitive.
Overexpression of microRNA‐122 enhances in vitro hepatic differentiation of fetal liver‐derived stem/progenitor cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a versatile class of tiny non‐coding RNAs involved in regulation of various biological processes. miRNA‐122 (miR‐122) is specifically and abundantly expressed in human liver. However, the role of miR‐122 in differentiation of fetal liver stem/progenitor cells into hepatocytes remains unclear. In this study, dual positive CD34+/CD117+ expressing human fetal liver stem/progenitor cells was enriched by magnetic cell sorting and cultured in vitro. The level of miR‐122 was found to be increased at specific time intervals. Interestingly, during the differentiation process of hepatocyte‐like cells, the increase in expression of miR‐122 was positively correlated with expression of hepatocyte‐specific genes. The status of differentiation process was improved by transfection of miR‐122 into enriched stem/progenitor cells. The expression level of hepatic‐specific genes as well as liver‐enriched transcription factors (LETFs) was significantly increased by overexpression of miR‐122 in fetal liver stem/progenitor cells. Thus, the study delineated the role of hepato‐specific miR‐122 in differentiation of fetal liver stem/progenitor cells into hepatocyte‐like cells which could be used as a therapeutic target molecule to generate abundant hepatocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1575–1583, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the Interplay between Speculative Bubbles and Productive Investment

The aim of this paper is to study the interplay between long term productive investments and more short term and liquid speculative ones. A three-period lived overlapping generations model allows us to make this distinction. Agents have two investment decisions. When young, they can invest in productive capital that provides a return during the following two periods. When young or in the middle age, they can also invest in a bubble. Assuming, in accordance with the empirical evidence, that the bubbleless economy is dynamically efficient, the existence of a stationary bubble raises productive investment and production. Indeed, young agents sell short the bubble to increase productive investments, whereas traders at middle age transfer wealth to the old age. We outline that a technological change inducing either a larger return of capital in the short term or a similar increase in the return of capital in both periods raises productive capital, production and the bubble size. This framework also allows us to discuss several economic applications: the effects of both regulation on limited borrowing and fiscal policy on the occurrence of bubbles, the introduction of a probability of market crash and the effect of bubbles on income inequality.
Assessing the benefit of adaptive null-steering using real-world signals

Abstract This study compared the noise reduction of adaptive null-steering and near-hypercardioid directional hearing-aid algorithms via performance on real-world signals. Using subject-individualized and generic (i.e. similar to current hearing aids), off-line frequency-domain implementations, we processed recordings made through two microphones of a BTE device worn by five subjects. Recording scenarios included homes, offices, cafés, streets, buses, and automobiles. We found practically all (> 95% of recording time) adaptive noise-reduction benefit for generic implementations is below 1.2 dB, and 96% and 92% is below 2 dB for 16-and 32-band individualized implementations, respectively. A 256-band, individualized implementation showed a majority of benefit between 1–4 dB. We found no extended (> 2 s) continuous periods of significant (> 2 dB) benefit for the generic adaptive implementations. The recordings—having many independent and simultaneously active sources, spatially extended sources, significant reverberation, or combinations thereof—indicate an environment comprising few instances of high direct-to-diffuse energy situations. Combined with results from previous field trials, the evidence suggests that such an environment is common and represents a significant limitation on adaptive benefit. Sumario Este estudio compara la reducción del ruido en algoritmos de auxiliares auditivos con direccionamento anulado o direccionamiento casi-hipercardioides por medio del rendimiento con señales de mundo real. Usando implementaciones fuera de línea en campos frecuenciales, individualizadas y genéricas (p.ej. similares a las de los auxiliares auditivos usuales), procesamos los registros realizados con dos micrófonos de un instrumento BTE usado por cinco sujetos. Los escenarios de registro incluyeron hogares, oficinas, cafés, calles, autobuses y automóviles. Encontramos prácticamente en todas las implementaciones (> 95% del tiempo de registro) que el beneficio en la reducción de ruido adaptable es inferior a 1.2 dB y que en 96% y 92% es menor a 2 dB para implementaciones individualizadas en bandas de 16 y 32, respectivamente. Una implementación individualizada en una banda de 256, mostró la mayoría de los beneficios entre 1-4 dB. No encontramos períodos continuos extendidos (> 2 s) de beneficio significativo (> 2 dB) con las implementaciones genéricas adaptables. Los registros –que tienen muchas fuentes independientes o simultáneamente activas, extendidas espacialmente, con reverberación significativa o combinaciones de los mismos- indican un ambiente que comprende pocas instancias de situaciones de alta energía de difusión directa. La evidencia, combinada con los resultados de pruebas libres previas, sugiere que este ambiente es común y representa una limitación significativa para el beneficio de adaptación.
Characterizing and Comparing Young Adult Intermittent and Daily Smokers

We interviewed 732 smokers (from five US upper Midwestern states) via telephone in 2006 to examine young adult smoking patterns. We first defined two groups of intermittent smokers—low (who smoked for 1–14 days in the past 30 days) and high (who smoked for 15–29 days in the past 30 days), and then analyzed differences between these two groups and daily smokers. Low intermittent smokers were much less likely to consider themselves smokers, feel addicted, or smoke with friends than high intermittent smokers. Daily smokers were more likely to feel addicted and have trouble quitting smoking than high intermittent smokers. Implications, limitations, and ideas for future studies will be discussed.
Non-cell-autonomous rescue of anaphase-promoting complex function revealed by mosaic analysis of HOBBIT, an Arabidopsis CDC27 homolog

The Arabidopsis HOBBIT (HBT) gene encodes a homolog of the CDC27 anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome subunit and is essential for postembryonic development. We induced loss-of-function clones by Cre/lox-mediated recombination of a single complementing HBT transgene in a background homozygous for the strong mutant allele hbt2311. Defects in cell division and cell expansion are the primary consequences of ubiquitous postembryonic HBT excision. In roots, both cell division and cell expansion are rapidly affected. In contrast, in leaf primordia, cell division and cell expansion halt after a lag phase, which results in different severities of defects in the proximodistal and mediolateral axes. Surprisingly, small clones reveal non-cell-autonomous rescue of hbt mutant cells, indicating a previously unrecognized compensation mechanism for reduced activity of an anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome component critical for cell cycle progression.
A Formal Model of Message Blocking and Deadlock Resolution in Interconnection Networks

This paper presents a theoretical model of resource allocations and dependencies in wormhole and virtual cut-through interconnection networks. This model allows various types of message blocking to be described precisely, including deadlock. The model distinguishes between messages involved in deadlock and those simply dependent upon deadlock, thus establishing a framework for evaluating the accuracy and correctness of deadlock detection mechanisms. The paper also identifies the necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence and resolution of deadlock in interconnection networks, thus providing efficiency and correctness criteria for deadlock resolution mechanisms. Theorems derived from the model are related to various routing algorithms which are based on deadlock recovery.
Red blood cell regeneration induced by subcutaneous recombinant erythropoietin: iron-deficient erythropoiesis in iron-replete subjects.

Limited red blood cell (RBC) regeneration often prevents collection of sufficient blood from autologous donors. We studied the effects of subcutaneous recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) in subjects making frequent blood donations. Six healthy iron-replete male subjects took rEPO (200 U/kg) subcutaneously daily, and donated blood (450 mL) twice a week for 3 weeks. During a control study, these subjects also attempted twice-weekly blood donations without rEPO. Four other males given rEPO, including one with idiopathic hemochromatosis, waited until day 8 to begin blood donations. All healthy subjects took oral ferrous sulfate. Subcutaneous rEPO given with blood donations resulted in a marked reticulocytosis (mean peak value 568 +/- 159 x 10(9)/L v 235 +/- 77 x 10(9)/L, control study; P < . 05), and enhanced RBC production at 28 days (1,208 +/- 227 mL v 719 +/- 161 mL, P < .05). rEPO in advance of blood donations was slightly less effective in normal subjects (941 +/- 139 mL, P < .05); however, the subject with hemochromatosis produced substantially more RBCs (1,764 mL) than any normal subject. rEPO-treated normal subjects (but not the rEPO-treated patient with hemochromatosis or untreated controls) produced iron-deficient RBCs with elevated zinc protoporphyrin levels and low hemoglobin content. These cells appeared within 1 week of rEPO administration and before laboratory confirmation of depleted iron stores. Thus, subcutaneous rEPO is an effective stimulant of erythropoiesis in nonanemic blood donors. However, in addition to eventual depletion of iron stores, early functional iron deficiency affects response to the drug.
Cancer of the ovary.

Patients with ovarian cancer usually present with advanced disease, and the disease is generally managed with surgical resection followed by platinum-based chemotherapy. Recent chemotherapeutic advances have led to improved survival, and a better understanding of genetic risk factors has permitted a tailored approach to preventive strategies, such as bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in selected women. This review describes the clinical features of ovarian cancer and recent advances in postoperative management.
Does fracture pattern predict death with lateral compression type 1 pelvic fractures?

BACKGROUND Our goal was to analyze whether radiographic fracture pattern correlates with mortality of patients with lateral compression type 1 (LC1) fractures. METHODS We conducted a retrospective case-controlled study at a Level I trauma center. Radiographs and outcome data were obtained for 52 patients with LC1 fractures who died and 63 who lived. LC1 fractures were classified by Denis zone of sacral injury and presence of fracture displacement. Our main outcome measurement was mortality during index hospital admission. RESULTS No difference was observed in frequency of higher energy Denis zone II sacral fractures between patients with LC1 fractures who died (73.1%) and those who lived (69.8%, p = 0.86, χ²). No difference was observed in number of displaced fractures (50.0% vs. 34.9%, p = 0.15, χ²). Patients who died were more likely to have significant brain injury (69.2% vs. 14.2%, p < 0.0001, χ²), chest injury (73.1% vs. 49.2%, p < 0.05, χ²), or abdominal injury (30.8% vs. 9.5%, p < 0.05, χ²) than those who lived. CONCLUSION Sacral fracture pattern does not seem to be predictive of mortality for patients with LC1 pelvic fractures The presence of associated injuries seems to be the key driver of mortality.
Re‐evaluating the roles of myosin 18Aα and F‐actin in determining Golgi morphology

The peri‐centrosomal localization and morphology of the Golgi apparatus depends largely on the microtubule cytoskeleton and the microtubule motor protein dynein. Recent studies proposed that myosin 18Aα (M18Aα) also contributes to Golgi morphology by binding the Golgi protein GOLPH3 and walking along adjacent actin filaments to stretch the Golgi into its classic ribbon structure. Biochemical analyses have shown, however, that M18A is not an actin‐activated ATPase and lacks motor activity. Our goal, therefore, was to define the precise molecular mechanism by which M18Aα determines Golgi morphology. We show that purified M18Aα remains inactive in the presence of GOLPH3, arguing against the Golgi‐specific activation of the myosin. Using M18A‐specific antibodies and expression of GFP‐tagged M18Aα, we find no evidence that it localizes to the Golgi. Moreover, several cell lines with reduced or eliminated M18Aα expression exhibited normal Golgi morphology. Interestingly, actin filament disassembly resulted in a marked reduction in lateral stretching of the Golgi in both control and M18Aα‐deficient cells. Importantly, this reduction was accompanied by an expansion of the Golgi in the vertical direction, vertical movement of the centrosome, and increases in the height of both the nucleus and the cell. Collectively, our data indicate that M18Aα does not localize to the Golgi or play a significant role in determining its morphology, and suggest that global F‐actin disassembly alters Golgi morphology indirectly by altering cell shape.
Plasticity changes in adult metabolic homeostasis and tissue oxidative stress: neonatal programming by corticosterone and melatonin as deprogrammer

Objective: To evaluate the long-term plasticity changes induced by neonatal corticosterone programming on adult metabolic status and the deprogramming effect of melatonin. Methods: Male and female Wistar rats were maintained under standard conditions and when mated females delivered pups, neonates of both sexes were separated and equal number of pups was assigned to lactating mothers. Pups treated with saline, corticosterone or a combination of corticosterone and melatonin from PND 2 to PND 14, were maintained until 120 days of age. Various serum and tissue parameters pertaining to glycaemic regulation, dyslipidemia, hepatic and renal distress and oxidative stress were analyzed in adult rats. Results: Neonatal corticosterone exposure induced dyslipidemia, increased fed and fasting glucose levels, insulin resistance, lipid peroxidation, serum levels of insulin, corticosterone and hepatic and renal dysfunction markers and decreased the levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, relatively more in males. Melatonin proved as an effective deprogrammer of corticosterone induced plasticity changes. Conclusions: Neonatal corticosterone exposure induces long lasting effects on adult physiology and metabolism. Concurrent treatment with melatonin effectively deprograms the changes.