Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overweight and Normal-Weight Children’s Decision-Making in a Child Variant of the Iowa Gambling Task

In the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), overweight as compared to normal-weight adults make more risky decisions resulting in immediate rewards and long-term losses. Findings regarding a potentially moderating role of gender have been inconsistent and investigations on the development of weight-group differences in decision-making during childhood are lacking. Using a 3-wave longitudinal study, we examined decision-making in a matched sample of 94 overweight and 94 normal-weight children (49% girls, aged 6–9 years at wave 1) over a 3-year period. Decision-making was measured with the Hungry Donkey Task (HDT), an age-appropriate version of the IGT, and learning within the task was examined via analysis across trial blocks. Mixed-design ANOVA revealed that more risky decisions were made by overweight as compared to normal-weight children and by girls as compared to boys. Within-task learning was evident at all three waves, moderated by weight group and gender. However, although risky decisions generally decreased across the 3-year period, weight-group and gender differences did not significantly change over the 3-year period. Our findings demonstrate that weight-group and gender differences in decision-making are already present and do not significantly change over a 3-year period in middle childhood.
Polymorphisms and their Haplotype Combinations in the Lysozyme Gene Associated with the Production Traits of a Chinese Native Chicken Breed

ABSTRACT Animal lysozymes, which have been studied in many of invertebrate and vertebrate species, have been characterized and demonstrated to be immune-associated molecules, digestive enzymes and multifunctional molecules. The purpose of this study was to detect the connection between lysozyme-gene polymorphism and the production traits of a Chinese native chicken breed (Langshan chicken). Four single nucleotide mutation sites were identified: G345A, C1726T, G1836A, A1838G. By the linkage disequilibrium analysis, six haplotypes and 15haplotype combinations were depicted in the studied population. The statistical analysis demonstrated that the SNPs and the haplotype combinations are related to body weight at sixteen weeks of age in Langshan chickens (p<0.05), and those with combined haplotype Hap3-Hap6 (GA-TT-GG-AA) presented higher body weight. Our study demonstrated that the SNPs and their haplotype combinations in the lysozyme gene were associated with the chicken production traits, and that SNPs can be used as a molecular marker for chicken marker-assisted selection.
Ocean Rossby waves as a triggering mechanism for primary Madden–Julian events

The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is sporadic, with episodes of cyclical activity interspersed with inactive periods. However, it remains unclear what may trigger a Madden–Julian (MJ) event which is not immediately preceded by any MJO activity: a ‘primary’ MJ event. A combination of case‐studies and composite analysis is used to examine the extent to which the triggering of primary MJ events might occur in response to ocean dynamics. The case‐studies show that such events can be triggered by the arrival of a downwelling oceanic equatorial Rossby wave, which is shown to be associated with a deepening of the mixed layer and positive sea‐surface temperature (SST) anomalies of the order of 0.5–1 °C. These SST anomalies are not attributable to forcing by surface fluxes which are weak for the case‐studies analysed. Furthermore, composite analysis suggests that such forcing is consistently important for triggering primary events. The relationship is much weaker for successive events, due to the many other triggering mechanisms which operate during periods of cyclical MJO activity. This oceanic feedback mechanism is a viable explanation for the sporadic and broadband nature of the MJO. Additionally, it provides hope for forecasting MJ events during periods of inactivity, when MJO forecasts generally exhibit low skill. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Spanish Adaptation of the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI): psychometric properties of the patient and therapist forms (WAI-P and WAI-T)

The working alliance is one of the most widely studied con- structs in psychotherapy process research. The purpose of our study was to adapt the patient and therapist forms of the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI-P and WAI-T) into Spanish. Both measurement instruments were translated into Spanish through a systematic translation process. The psy- chometric properties of the instruments were evaluated in both a pilot study and a clinical study involving Spanish outpatients with depressive disorders and their therapists. In the clinical study, patients completed the Spanish-language Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) prior to initiating ther- apy and after the third and tenth psychotherapy sessions. High average scores were obtained with the Spanish-language WAI-P and WAI-T. A large number of individual items correlated satisfactorily with the overall score for the corresponding subscale. Both measures demonstrated excel- lent reliability (internal consistency) and convergent validity. There were some limitations in the discriminant validity of the measures vs. measures of empathy. Regarding predictive validity, the overall WAI-P and the Task subscale of the WAI-T separately explained a moderate percentage of the variance in patient change in the BDI after the tenth psychotherapy ses- sion. These results were satisfactory and consistent with those obtained in studies using the English-language WAI.
Digital Spare Parts

Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) This material is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. Salmi, Mika; Partanen, Jouni; Tuomi, Jukka; Chekurov, Sergei; Björkstrand, Roy; Huotilainen, Eero; Kukko, Kirsi; Kretzschmar, Niklas; Akmal, Jan; Jalava, Kalle; Koivisto, Satu; Vartiainen, Matti A. ; Metsä-Kortelainen, Sini; Puukko, Pasi; Jussila, Ari; Riipinen, Tuomas; Reijonen, Joni; Tanner, Hannu; Mikkola, Markku
Lactic Acid Bacteria from Argentinean Fermented Foods: Isolation and Characterization for their Potential Use as Starters for Fermentation of Vegetables

SUMMARY Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) improve the organoleptic, nutritional and physicochemical properties of artisanal foods. In this study, we selected 31 fermented dairy and vegetable foods marketed in Tucumán city, Argentina, as sources of LAB for the production of pickles. Sixty-four isolates presumptively identified as Lactobacillus strains were screened for relevant technological properties for production of fermented foods. Most strains showed moderate to good acidification (>0.04 pH units/h) and proteolytic capabilities (free aminoacids >1 mmol/L), produced diacetyl and/or acetoin and were resistant to 4% NaCl. Based on acid production and osmotolerance, we selected six LAB strains and identified them by 16S rDNA sequencing (97–100% identity) as: Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL2159 and CRL2164, L. plantarum CRL2161 and CRL2162, Weissella viridescens CRL2160 and W. paramesenteroides CRL2163. Relevant properties for pickle manufacturing were further assessed. At an initial pH=4.5 and 7% NaCl, L. plantarum CRL2162 and L. rhamnosus CRL2164 performed the best with high growth and inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua. There was no obvious antagonism among the selected strains that would dismiss their use in mixed cultures. Properties of the selected LAB suggest their potential as starter cultures for obtaining standardized, fermented vegetable products of high quality. The development of these new industrial starters would increase the competitiveness of production and open the country’s frontiers in the canned vegetable market.
Analisis Permasalahan "Perkembangan Kognitif Anak Usia Dini”

Abstrak Kemampuan kognitif ialah kemampuan anak untuk berfikir lebih kompleks serta melakukan penalaran dan pemecahan masalah, berkembangnya kemampuan kognitif ini akan mempermudah anak menguasai pengetahuan umum yang lebih luas, sehingga ia dapat berfungsi secara wajar dalam kehidupan masyarakat sehari-hari. Namun dalam perkembangannya tidak semua anak dapat berkembang sesuai tahapannya. Sehingga perlu dilakukan analisa. Adapun Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk menganalisa permasalahan perkembangan kognitif anak usia 4-6 tahun di TK Raisa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar yakni 39% anak usia 4-6 tahun banyak bermasalah pada perkembangan kognitif, selanjutnya 37% anak berada pada kriteria banyak sekali, dan hanya ada 17% anak yang memiliki sedikit sekali permasalahan pada perkembangan kognitif, sedangkan 7% anak lainnya tidak memiliki permasalahan dalam perkembangan kognitif. Sehingga pada usia 0-6 tahun anak dalam masa Golden Age (masa keemasan) harus mendapatkan perhatian yang lebih besar untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kognitifnya. Kata Kunci: Perkembangan Kognitif, Permasalahan Kognitif, Anak Usia Dini Abstract Cognitive is the ability of children to think more complex and do reasoning and problem solving, the development of cognitive abilities will make it easier for children to master broader general knowledge, so that it can function normally in people's daily lives. However in its development, not all children can develop suit to the stages. So, it needs to be analyzed the problem. This research is a descriptive using a quantitative approach that aims to analyze the cognitive development problems of children aged 4-6 years in TK Raisa Pekanbaru. Based on the results of the research that has been done it can be concluded that 3 most of the children aged 4-6 years, that is 39% have many problems in cognitive development, then 37% of children are on the criteria of a lots, and there are only 17% of children who have very few problems in cognitive development, while 7% of other children do not have problems in cognitive development. So that at the age of 0-6 years, children in the golden age must get greater attention to their growth and cognitive development. Key words: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Problems, Early Childhood
Unemployment and Employment in the Italian Provinces

The aim of the paper is to discuss the characteristics of various labour market performance indicators and to use them to provide some empirical evidence regarding Italian labour market performance at provincial level (NUTS 3). This is done by comparing results obtained by means of various descriptive statistics and sigma and beta convergence analysis for unemployment and employment indicators. The empirical analysis is preceded by a discussion on the theoretical meaning and implications of using unemployment rates vs. employment rates and on the possibility/appropriateness of using convergence tools for labour market analysis. The last section summarises and discusses the main results, and some policy considerations are provided. J.E. L. Classification: E24, R23, J21
Factor productivity in smallholder pigeonpea production systems: Empirical evidence from Northern Tanzania

The paper uses panel data originated from two sessions of household surveys: a baseline survey conducted in 2008 and a follow up survey in 2010, in northern Tanzania. Using a flexible transcendental logarithmic (translog) production function, results showed that the productivity of pigeonpea is positively and significantly associated with the size of pigeonpea cultivated land, labor, interaction between plot size and seed quantity, and the interaction of seed use with time. The study also revealed that there was technological progress in pigeonpea production systems over the period of 2008 to 2010. Furthermore, results from elasticity analysis indicated that smallholder pigeonpea producers were experiencing increasing returns to scale, suggesting that output of pigeonpea could respond positively and with higher proportion for a given simultaneous percentage change in quantity of seed, manure and labor. Therefore, support for human capital formation of farmers and increased access to improved pigeonpea seed varieties could be important intervention areas to increase pigeonpea productivity in northern Tanzania. Moreover, farmers should also be encouraged to use more manure, seed and labor so as to increase pigeonpea production without expansion of land use.
Analysis of near-IR spectra of 1 Ceres and 4 Vesta, targets of the Dawn mission

We obtained high signal to noise spectra of the two targets of the Dawn mission, 4 Vesta and 1 Ceres from observations carried out in remote control between the Observatoire de Paris-Meudon and the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility on Mauna Kea. 4 Vesta was observed in the 0.7-2.5 μm spectral region at three different rotational phases in order to i) determine the mineral composition; ii) understand the spectral variations across the surface. Vesta was also observed in the 2.0-3.8 μm range. The 3 μm absorption feature was not detected, implying the absence of OH and/or H2O-bearing minerals on the asteroid surface at the latitude of our observations. The spectrum of 1 Ceres was obtained in the 2.0-4.1 μm range and the presence of the 3.06 μm absorption feature confirmed. Laboratory measurement of ion-irradiated organics and ices suggest that the 3.06 μm feature can be reproduced with a linear mixture of crystalyne ice and residues of ion-irradiated asphaltite.
Origin of the Changbai intraplate volcanism in Northeast China: Evidence from seismic tomography

Seismic images of the mantle beneath the active Changbai intraplate volcano in Northeast China determined by teleseismic travel time tomography are presented. The data are measured at a new seismic network consisting of 19 portable stations and 3 permanent stations. The results show a columnar low-velocity (-3%) anomaly extending to 400 km depth under the Changbai volcano. High velocity anomalies are visible in the mantle transition zone, and deep earthquakes occur at depths of 500–600 km under the region, suggesting that the subducting Pacific slab is stagnant in the transition zone, as imaged clearly also by global tomography. These results suggest that the Changbai intraplate volcano is not a hotspot like Hawaii but a kind of back-arc volcano related to the upwelling of hot asthenospheric materials associated with the deep subduction and stagnancy of the Pacific slab under northeast Asia.
Tillage does not increase nitrous oxide emissions under dryland canola (Brassica napus L.) in a semiarid environment of south-eastern Australia

Dryland cereal production systems of south-eastern Australia require viable options for reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions without compromising productivity and profitability. A 4-year rotational experiment with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–canola (Brassica napus L.)–grain legumes–wheat in sequence was established at Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia, in a semiarid Mediterranean-type environment where long-term average annual rainfall is 541mm and the incidence of summer rainfall is episodic and unreliable. The objectives of the experiment were to investigate whether (i) tillage increases N2O emissions and (ii) nitrogen (N) application can improve productivity without increasing N2O emissions. The base experimental design for each crop phase was a split-plot design with tillage treatment (tilled versus no-till) as the whole plot, and N fertiliser rate (0, 25, 50 and 100kgN/ha) as the subplot, replicated three times. This paper reports high resolution N2O emission data under a canola crop. The daily N2O emission rate averaged 0.55g N2O-N/ha.day, ranging between –0.81 and 6.71g N2O-N/ha.day. The annual cumulative N2O-N emitted was 175.6 and 224.3g N2O-N/ha under 0 and 100kgN/ha treatments respectively. There was no evidence to support the first hypothesis that tillage increases N2O emissions, a result which may give farmers more confidence to use tillage strategically to manage weeds and diseases where necessary. However, increasing N fertiliser rate tended to increase N2O emissions, but did not increase crop production at this site.
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) interaction as a resistance inductor factor in Brassica oleracea var. capitata

College of Veterinary and Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro, 38064-790, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Department of Entomology and Acarology, Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Universidade de Uberaba, 38055-500, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Stocking densities of juvenile Brycon orthotaenia : production parameters and economic benefits in net cages

Developing a rearing technology requires the determination of the optimum stocking density. This study aimed to determine the best stocking density for Brycon orthotaenia juveniles grown in net cages, during the rearing phase. The research was conducted at the Experimental Farm of EPAMIG, in Felixlândia, Minas Gerais State, in the Tres Marias Reservoir. 9,000 fingerlings were distributed into 12 net cages, 2 m 3 each, according to a completely randomized design with three replications and four different stocking densities (150, 300, 450, 600 fish m -3 ). Random samples were taken from each net cage, at the onset of the experiment and at 60 rearing days, to assess production parameters, specific growth rate and uniformity. We verified a positive linear relationship (p 0.05) for growth parameters, uniformity and final weight. It can be concluded that the density of 300 fish m -3 is the most suitable, because it provides higher net revenue,
Composition of clastic sediments in the Somosaguas area (middle Miocene, Madrid Basin): insights into provenance and palaeoclimate

The western area of the Cenozoic Madrid Basin has not been adequately studied. This, combined with the high homogeneity of detrital facies makes the stratigraphic correlation with other areas of the basin rather difficult. Consequently, only a detailed characterization of different study zones can allow subsequent correlation over this area. Over the last years there have been discovered several vertebrate fossil sites in this area that allow the dating of the sediments which host the fossil remains and provide data about palaeoclimatic trends. In this paper we present the results of the light minerals petrographic analysis carried out in one of these sites (Somosaguas paleontological site). Previous palaeontological and isotopic studies in this site indicate a climate event of cooling and rising aridity that has been described globally for the period after the Miocene Climatic Optimum. The petrographic data and indices presented here corroborate this trend towards a more arid climate through the Somosaguas sedimentary succession. Besides we study the grades of alteration of plagioclase grains as a proxy in the evaluation of palaeoclimatic variations. The increase towards the top of the succession of less altered plagioclase grains suggests a decrease in precipitations and thus more aridity. Part of the quartz and K-feldspar grains display several features like embayments and alterations pointing to palaeosoils formation and reworking processes. These characteristics and other observations suggest several sedimentary pulses in a geotectonic setting of “basement uplift” and a mixed lithological provenance for the Somosaguas deposits (granites, gneisses and minor quantities of low-grade metamorphic rocks).
Phylogenetics of the Borage Family: Delimiting Boraginales and Assessing Closest Relatives

The placement of Boraginales, and relationships within the family have remained elusive in modern, broad phylogenetic studies. In order to assess the phylogeny of Boraginales, and specifically to test the sister lineage of the order, a data matrix of the chloroplast markers rbcL, ndhF, and trnL-trnF was assembled fromGenBank and de novo sequences (representing 132 newGenBank accessions). Phylogenies inferred using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian frameworks resulted in identical topologies. Tests for alternative topologies were used to assess whether any of the candidates for sister (Solanales, Gentianales, Lamiales, or Vahlia) to Boraginales could be ruled out with this dataset. Gentianales was eliminated as the possible closest relative to Boraginales. Additionally, SH tests were used to test topological results within Boraginales: monophyly of Hydrophyllaceae cannot be rejected and paraphyly of Ehretiaceae with respect to the parasitic Lennoaceae is supported. Taxonomic implications are discussed within the context of these phylogenetic results.
An Introduction to the Legal and Economic Theories of Torts

This paper begins with a survey of the classical legal theory of torts. Then we motivate and describe the economic approach to accident law. We demonstrate that negligence rules under which one party bears the entire accident costs induce an efficient pattern of behavior in a setup with identical individuals. Finally, we show that liability rules which share damages are superior to negligence rules once we leave the identical individuals framework.
On the cohomology of classifying spaces of groups of homeomorphisms

The proof of this theorem is given in Section 5.1. Genericity means that there exists a non-empty Zariski open subset Z ⊂ g∨ of the dual of the Lie algebra of G such that the theorem holds for an orbit G · ξ, where ξ ∈ Z. We shall discuss the generic orbits in Section 6. The examples will include complex projective spaces and flag manifolds. However, the subset Z for a given group G is not understood.
Race, Poverty, and Enlistment: Some Evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth

This paper explores the detenninants of enlistment for a large sample of male youth drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Logit results indicate that the probability of en1istment is directly related to minority and poverty ,tatus while controlling for ability and a number of other socioeconomic background variables. In addition, an analysis of poverty transitioRB show that a very Ia.rge percentage of enlistees in the early 19805 who were living in poverty at age 17 were successful in escaping poverty by 1990. An importsnt conclusion is that the military can serve as a mechanism of upward economic mobility for disadvantaged youth. (IlS, 124)