Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing Open Innovation: Connecting the Firm to External Knowledge

Contents: Part I: Firms React Differently when Managing Open Innovation 1. Open Innovation and the Relation between Innovative Activities and Firm Performance 2. Firm-level Effects of Incoming Knowledge Spillovers, Research Collaboration and Strategic Appropriability 3. A Comparative Analysis of Open Innovation and the Relation between Research Intensity and Product Innovativeness Part II: Open Innovation and Public Funding Practices 4. Public Intervention and Innovative Networking: Firm-level Evidence on the Opening up of the Innovation Process 5. Public Funding for Innovation and Research Cooperation 6. The Impact of Public Funding for Research on Private - Public Research Cooperation Part III: A Closer Look at Open Innovation: R&D Outsourcing 7. The Impact of Internal R&D, Strategic Appropriability and Cooperation on R&D Outsourcing 8. Managing R&D Outsourcing and the Impact on Firms' R&D Employment Part IV: The Role of Human Resources in Open Innovation Practices 9. The Impact of Occupation and Education of R&D Personnel on Knowledge Exchange 10. Research Experts' Role in Knowledge Development and Exchange in Formal Research Cooperation General Conclusion References Index
Relocation and distinct subcellular localization of p34cdc2‐cyclin B complex at meiosis reinitiation in starfish oocytes.

M phase promoting factor (MPF) is a major element controlling entry into the M phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle. MPF is composed of two subunits, p34cdc2 and cyclin B. Using indirect immunofluorescence staining with specific antibody against starfish cyclin B, we monitored the dynamics of the subcellular distribution of MPF during meiosis reinitiation in starfish oocytes. We found that all of the cyclin B is already associated with p34cdc2 in immature oocytes arrested at the G2/M border and that this inactive complex is present exclusively in the cytoplasm. After its activation, part of the p34cdc2‐cyclin B complex moves into the germinal vesicle before nuclear envelope breakdown, independently of either microtubules or actin filaments. Thereafter, some part of the complex accumulates in the nucleolus and condensed chromosomes. Another portion of the complex accumulates on meiotic asters and spindles, while the rest is still present throughout the cytoplasm. As these patterns of localization are detected in the detergent‐extracted oocytes, we propose at least four distinct subcellular states of the p34cdc2‐cyclin B complex: freely soluble, microtubule‐associated, detergent‐resistant cytoskeleton‐associated and chromosome‐associated. Thus, in addition to the intramolecular modification of p34cdc2‐cyclin B complex, its intracellular relocation plays a key role in promoting the M phase.
Policy competition for foreign direct investment : a study of competition among governments to attract FDI

Competition for foreign direct investment has been neglected as a subject of research. Yet many claim that such competition is having deleterious effects, such as lowering governments’ standards of protection of the environment and workers’ rights.This book looks at the evidence and assesses the impact of competition among governments to attract FDI. It finds little evidence directly to support fears of a "global race to the bottom" in labour and environmental standards. The widespread use of investment incentives, however, in OECD and developing countries alike, tends to be bad for government transparency and accountability. This is highly detrimental both to economic policy making and to the construction of democratic institutions in developing countries. The author proposes a shift away from incentive-based policies for attracting FDI towards a rules-based approach on both a national and international level.
Commercialization of Innovations and Firm Performance

The decision on investment in R&D is very important and highly risky for firms’ performance and survival in their business. This paper focuses on the commercialization of firms’ investment in innovation and how these decisions affect their performance. The study uses a large innovation survey of Danish firms holding information on their R&D investment as well as their expenses on marketing which gives knowledge of the commercialization of their innovations. The results suggest a highly significant commercialization of innovation, which means that firms’ follows a strategy of investment both in innovation and marketing making R&D and marketing complements in their investment decision. However, there is only week evidence for the hypothesis that commercialization of innovations also creates more value for the firms in the short run.
Meta‐Analysis of gross insertions causing human genetic disease: Novel mutational mechanisms and the role of replication slippage

Although gross insertions (>20 bp) comprise <1% of disease‐causing mutations, they nevertheless represent an important category of pathological lesion. In an attempt to study these insertions in a systematic way, 158 gross insertions ranging in size between 21 bp and ∼10 kb were identified using the Human Gene Mutation Database (www.hgmd.org). A careful meta‐analytical study revealed extensive diversity in terms of the nature of the inserted DNA sequence and has provided new insights into the underlying mutational mechanisms. Some 70% of gross insertions were found to represent sequence duplications of different types (tandem, partial tandem, or complex). Although most of the tandem duplications were explicable by simple replication slippage, the three complex duplications appear to result from multiple slippage events. Some 11% of gross insertions were attributable to nonpolyglutamine repeat expansions (including octapeptide repeat expansions in the prion protein gene [PRNP] and polyalanine tract expansions) and evidence is presented to support the contention that these mutations are also caused by replication slippage rather than by unequal crossing over. Some 17% of gross insertions, all ≥276 bp in length, were found to be due to LINE‐1 (L1) retrotransposition involving different types of element (L1 trans‐driven Alu, L1 direct, and L1 trans‐driven SVA). A second example of pathological mitochondrial‐nuclear sequence transfer was identified in the USH1C gene but appears to arise via a novel mechanism, trans‐replication slippage. Finally, evidence for another novel mechanism of human genetic disease, involving the possible capture of DNA oligonucleotides, is presented in the context of a 26‐bp insertion into the ERCC6 gene. Hum Mutat 25:207–221, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An analysis of private versus public sector responses to the environmental challenges of the supply chain

This paper examines differences and similarities between private and public sectors regarding green supply: the incorporation of environmental considerations into procurement and supply chain relationships. While there are considerable differences between the sectors, there are two key areas of similarity. Firstly, responses in both sectors are heavily influenced by organisational structure and patterns of decision-making and information flow. Secondly, the success of green supply initiatives appears to be heavily dependent on organisation’s ability to align activity with dominant corporate objectives.
Quantitative studies on the wetting of leaves by water

Quantitative studies on the wetting by water of the exterior surfaces of leaves of Sinapis arvensis, Triticum vulgare, and other plants, have been made, using advancing contact angle as a measure of the extent to which wetting takes place. The magnitude of the contact angle of water on a leaf surface has been found to vary regularly with the position of the leaf on the plant and to show also a characteristic diurnal fluctuation through a range which may be as much as 30°. The diurnal variations in contact angle are shown to be correlated with changes in leaf water content. On detached leaves contact angle varies markedly as wilting proceeds, this change being reversible on recovery of turgor. Evidence is presented to show that these variations in the behaviour of water on leaves are caused by changes in the degree of corrugation of the leaf surface produced by changes in the water content of the tissues. The events in the diurnal cycle are explained on this basis. The significance of the observed phenomena in connexion with the retention of water by leaves, the exchange of water and dissolved substances between leaf and water, and stomatal behaviour, is discussed.
Experimental Characterization of High-Performance Miniature Auto-Focusing VCM Actuator

When designing an auto-focusing actuator for use in cell phone cameras, it is important to maximize the positioning repeatability while simultaneously minimizing the device size, the power consumption, the response time, and the dynamic tilt angle. In a previous study (Liu and Lin, Opt. Express, vol. 17, pp. 9754-9763, 2009), the current group designed a miniature auto-focusing voice coil motor (VCM) actuator in which the lens was held in position using a magnetoconductive plate and a closed-loop control mechanism. The aim of this study is to characterize the performance of this device using an experimental approach. The results show that the proposed actuator has a high positioning repeatability, a low dynamic tilt angle, a rapid response, and a low power consumption.
Collegiate alcohol involvement and role attainment in early adulthood: findings from a prospective high-risk study.

OBJECTIVE Recent research has highlighted the magnitude of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems on college campuses. However, the effects of alcohol use and abuse during the college years on early adult role attainment are not well characterized. Accordingly, this study was designed to prospectively examine relations between alcohol involvement during the college years and early adult educational and occupational attainment. METHOD Participants (N = 429: 231 women) at low and high risk for the development of alcoholism were recruited at a large midwestern university for a study of alcohol and health during the college years. Alcohol involvement was assessed by self-report and structured clinical interviews conducted annually for 4 years. Educational and occupational attainment were assessed by self-report 6 years postmatriculation. RESULTS Alcohol involvement demonstrated a modest prospective effect on educational attainment, with a reduced effect observed when analyses controlled for academic aptitude and high school academic achievement. Prior academic achievement moderated the relation between alcohol involvement and educational attainment, such that individuals who were higher on secondary school class ranking were more negatively affected by pathologic alcohol involvement than those with lower levels of prior academic achievement. Less consistent evidence was found for prospective relations between alcohol involvement and early adult occupational attainment. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a modest role for alcohol involvement in negative educational outcomes, with a more pronounced negative effect of alcohol involvement on educational attainment among those who were high academic performers in high school.
Expression and Porin Activity of P28 and OMP-1F during Intracellular Ehrlichia chaffeensis Development

ABSTRACT Ehrlichia chaffeensis, an obligatory intracellular gram-negative bacterium, must take up various nutrients and metabolic compounds because it lacks many genes involved in metabolism. Nutrient uptake by a gram-negative bacterium occurs primarily through pores or channels in the bacterial outer membrane. Here we demonstrate that isolated E. chaffeensis outer membranes have porin activities, as determined by a proteoliposome swelling assay. The activity was partially blocked by an antibody that recognizes the two most abundant outer membrane proteins, P28/OMP-19 and OMP-1F/OMP-18. Both proteins were predicted to have structural features characteristic of porins, including 12 transmembrane segments comprised of amphipathic and antiparallel β-strands. The sodium dodecyl sulfate stability of the two proteins was consistent with a β-barrel structure. Isolated native P28 and OMP-1F exhibited porin activities, with pore sizes similar to and larger than, respectively, that of OprF, which is the porin with the largest pore size known to date. E. chaffeensis experiences temperature changes during transmission by ticks. During the intracellular development of E. chaffeensis, both P28 and OMP-1F were expressed mostly in the mid-exponential growth phase at 37°C and the late-exponential growth phase at 28°C. The porin activity of proteoliposomes reconstituted with proteins from the outer membrane fractions derived from bacteria in the mid- and late-exponential growth phases at 28°C and 37°C correlated with the expression levels of P28 and OMP-1F. These results imply that P28 and OMP-1F function as porins with large pore sizes, suggesting that the differential expression of these two proteins might regulate nutrient uptake during intracellular E. chaffeensis development at both temperatures.
Nanoparticle–enzyme hybrid systems for nanobiotechnology

Biomolecule–nanoparticle (NP) [or quantum‐dot (QD)] hybrid systems combine the recognition and biocatalytic properties of biomolecules with the unique electronic, optical, and catalytic features of NPs and yield composite materials with new functionalities. The biomolecule–NP hybrid systems allow the development of new biosensors, the synthesis of metallic nanowires, and the fabrication of nanostructured patterns of metallic or magnetic NPs on surfaces. These advances in nanobiotechnology are exemplified by the development of amperometric glucose sensors by the electrical contacting of redox enzymes by means of AuNPs, and the design of an optical glucose sensor by the biocatalytic growth of AuNPs. The biocatalytic growth of metallic NPs is used to fabricate Au and Ag nanowires on surfaces. The fluorescence properties of semiconductor QDs are used to develop competitive maltose biosensors and to probe the biocatalytic functions of proteases. Similarly, semiconductor NPs, associated with electrodes, are used to photoactivate bioelectrocatalytic cascades while generating photocurrents.
Internal Control Quality and Analyst Forecast Behavior: Evidence from SOX Section 404 Disclosures

Using a sample of companies that disclosed auditor-attested evaluation of internal control over financial reporting under the SOX Section 404 provision, this study examines the effect of internal control quality (ICQ) on analyst behavior. Our results reveal the following: First, analysts are less likely to follow firms with weak internal controls. Second, ICQ is inversely associated with analysts’ forecast error and forecast dispersion. Finally, analysts’ forecast revision per unit of current earnings surprises and convergence of analysts’ beliefs subsequent to the release of current earnings reports are higher for firms with effective internal controls than for those with weak internal controls. Our results are consistent with the notion that effective internal controls improve the quality of analysts’ forecasting decisions and analysts take into account the disclosed ICQ information when making their forecasting decisions.
The Investment Behavior of Buyout Funds: Theory and Evidence

This paper analyzes the determinants of buyout funds' investment decisions. In a model in which the supply of capital is "sticky" in the short run, we link the timing of funds' investment decisions, their risk-taking behavior, and the returns they subsequently earn on their buyouts to changes in the demand for private equity, conditions in the credit market, and funds' ability to influence their perceived talent in the market. Using a proprietary dataset of 207 buyout funds that invested in 2,274 buyout targets over the last two decades, we then investigate the implications of the model. Our dataset contains precisely dated cash inflows and outflows in every portfolio company, links every buyout target to an identifiable buyout fund, and is free from reporting and survivor biases. Thus, we are able to characterize every buyout fund's precise investment choices. Our empirical findings are consistent with the model. First, established funds accelerate their investment flows and earn higher returns when investment opportunities improve, competition for deal flow eases, and credit market conditions loosen. Second, the investment behavior of first-time funds is less sensitive to market conditions. Third, younger funds invest in riskier buyouts, in an effort to establish a track record. Fourth, following periods of good performance, funds become more conservative, and this effect is stronger for younger funds.
Customer Satisfaction in Fast Food Restaurants in Ibadan Metropolis

This study assessed the factors affecting customer satisfaction and its effect on repurchase intention at selected Fast Food Restaurants (FFRs) in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. Primary data were obtained by administering structured questionnaire on a cross-section of 147 Customers of Fast Food Restaurants (CFFRs) who patronized FFRs. Multistage random sampling technique was employed to select seven (7) FFRs from the metropolis. The respondents’ satisfaction level towards FFRs was obtained on Five point Likert scale. Each respondent’s satisfaction level was then assessed by Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). The data were analyzed using a combination of descriptive techniques and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression. The regression analyses were used to identify the relationship between service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction. These dimensions include tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy which concern the physical aspect, regularity and consistency of performances, readiness and willingness to help customers, knowledge and courtesy of the employees and individualized attentions towards customers of the FFRs respectively. Analysis of responses to various indicators of customers’ satisfaction in CSI revealed that 76.2% of the CFFRs considered services of the FFRs as satisfactorily, while 74.5% considered the services as ideal. Regression analysis revealed that customers’ satisfaction with services of the FFRs increased significantly with increase in customer’s perception of tangibility dimension of the service quality (p<0.01), empathy (p<0.01), responsiveness (p<0.05) and assurance (p<0.05). The study therefore, concludes that customer satisfaction significantly enhances repurchase intention and this is closely related to the customers’ perception of tangibility, responsiveness, assurance and empathy dimensions of service quality. The study recommends among others that fast food operator should provide amenities such as parking areas and attractive building exteriors in order to enhance their customers’ satisfaction towards services rendered. Also, service provider of fast food restaurants should endeavor to improve on their empathy by providing more caring and personalized service to customers in order to enhance customers’ satisfaction. Keywords: Nigeria, Fast Food Restaurants, Customer Satisfaction, Service Quality
THE ACTION OF TRI-IODOBENZOIC ACID ON GROWTH.

This test was first described by WENT (4) and was carried out and measured as described by THIMANN and SCHNEIDER (3). In concentrations of 25-100 mg. /liter, TIBA causes a slight inward curvature, but if the slit sections are first washed for 2 hours in water, this curvature disappears (table I). Mixtures of TIBA and auxin produce much greater curvature than the auxin alone. Concentrations of TIBA as low as 0.2 mg. /liter have a large effect. Typical results are given in table I. The same result was obtained when 2,4-D was used as the auxin. This enhancement effect differs from the "pretreatment" effect described by WENT (6) in two respects:
Relationships between nurse care-giving behaviours and preterm infant responses during bathing: a preliminary study.

AIMS The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between specific nurse care-giving behaviours and preterm infant behavioural responses during bathing and to identify nurse behaviours associated with infant 'stress'. BACKGROUND Although recent advances in medical technology have improved neonatal intensive care, the high mortality and morbidity rates in preterm infants have not decreased proportionally. As caregivers strive to reduce infant mortality and morbidity, a factor for consideration is which caregiver behaviours are associated with preterm infant well-being. DESIGN A descriptive correlational design. METHOD Convenience samples of 24 preterm infants and 12 nurses were recruited. A total of 120 baths were videotaped. Infant and nurse behaviours were measured using the coding schemes developed by the researchers. Pearson coefficient correlation, non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, t-test and generalised linear models were methods for data analysis. RESULTS As nurses provided more support, stress was reduced in the infants, and their self-regulation during the bath was enhanced especially by the use of 'containment' and 'positional support'. Conversely, non-therapeutic caregiver behaviours including 'rapid and rough handling' of the baby, 'chatting with other people' and 'inappropriate handling' increased infant 'stress' during the bath. CONCLUSION The findings provide new information about the link between care-giving and infant responses and how caregivers can better interact with preterm infants during a very sensitive period of brain development. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE How nurses take care of the preterm infants influences their responses to care-giving stimuli. To interact better with the infant during care-giving procedures, nurses need to provide more supportive care-giving behaviours especially 'position support' and 'containment' based on the infant's needs, and avoid care-giving that may be too rough and occur too quickly without attending the baby's stressful signals, positioning the baby in hyperextension posture, or chatting with other people during procedures.
How do Analysts Process Pension Information?

Recent studies (e.g., Picconi (2006) and Coronado et al. (2008)) show that significant economic information such as pension information is not incorporated into analysts’ forecasts and stock prices. This result comes from studies which correlate different pension variables with analysts’ earnings forecasts or stock prices. However, little is known about why the analysts get pensions wrong. Therefore, by interviewing and physically inspecting the analysts’ spreadsheets, we shed some light on the analysts’ information process. To examine how analysts utilize pension information we investigate two distinct tasks they may perform, 1) replace the recognized net pension assets found in the balance sheet with the unrecognized net pension assets disclosed in the notes, and 2) recalculate the pension liabilities. There is a reward for the analysts to use correct pension information since the firms we investigate have abnormal pension assumptions. However, we found that analysts do not incorporate relevant pension information into their valuation spreadsheets.