Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality Measurement Model for Analysis and Design Tools Based on FLOSS

The selection of Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) tools for Analysis and Design (A&D) is a hard task due to their complexity, their wide variety within the market, and their functionality level. This article aims at introducing a group of quality features to evaluate FLOSS tools for A&D. Such features are presented based on the perspective of the Software Quality Systemic Model (MOSCA), inspired by ISO/IEC 9126 [9], Dromey's quality model [5] and the Goal-Question-Metrics (GQM) Paradigm. This model includes attributes such as functionality, usability and maintainability, and establishes 52 new metrics for a total of 102 metrics that allow evaluating FLOSS tools for A&D within a specific context. Lastly, validation of this proposal is verified through its application on eight FLOSS-based A&D tools.
Altered markers of tonic inhibition in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairments in schizophrenia are associated with lower expression of markers of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis in the prefrontal cortex. The effects of GABA are mediated by GABA(A) receptors that mediate either phasic or tonic inhibition. The authors assessed the expression of GABA(A) receptor alpha4 and delta subunits, which coassemble to form receptors mediating tonic inhibition, in schizophrenia. METHOD The authors used in situ hybridization to quantify expression patterns of GABA(A) receptor alpha4 and delta subunits in prefrontal cortex from 23 matched pairs of schizophrenia and comparison subjects. RESULTS Levels of delta mRNA were significantly lower in schizophrenia subjects regardless of medication use, whereas alpha4 mRNA levels were lower only in subjects with schizophrenia receiving certain medications at the time of death. To understand the nature of this unexpected dissociation between alpha4 and delta subunit expression in schizophrenia, the authors used similar methods to quantify alpha4 and delta mRNA levels in multiple animal models. During postnatal development of monkey prefrontal cortex, levels of alpha4 mRNA decreased, whereas delta mRNA levels increased. In addition, delta mRNA levels, but not alpha4 mRNA levels, were lower in the medial frontal cortex of mice with a genetic deletion of the GABA(A) receptor alpha1 subunit, and neither delta nor alpha4 mRNA levels were altered in rodent models of altered excitatory neurotransmission. CONCLUSIONS Since GABA(A) receptor alpha1 subunits also have lower mRNA levels in schizophrenia, show increased expression with age in monkey prefrontal cortex, and can coassemble with delta subunits to form functional GABA(A) receptors, lower delta mRNA levels in schizophrenia might reflect a reduced number of alpha(1)beta(x)delta GABA(A) receptors that could contribute to deficient tonic inhibition and prefrontal cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Admissions to hospital caused by adverse drug reactions: cross sectional incidence study

The incidence of adverse reactions to drugs has been assessed with prospective epidemiological studies conducted within single units, departments, or hospitals.1–3 Because of the variability of the results and a lack of representativeness, it is difficult to confidently extrapolate these results to a national level. To calculate the incidence of admissions caused by adverse drug reactions we conducted a prospective cross sectional study of a representative nationwide sample of medical wards in public hospitals. Between 2 March and 20 April 1998, the study was conducted for 14 days in each of a representative sample of medical departments in French teaching hospitals and general hospitals. The sample size required was calculated from the results of a pilot study.4 All patients admitted to the departments sampled were included in the study. Each patient was assessed by a team of local clinicians and pharmacologists to determine whether the admission was the result of an adverse …
Antagonizing pathways leading to differential dynamics in colon carcinogenesis in Shugoshin1 (Sgo1)‐haploinsufficient chromosome instability model

Colon cancer is the second most lethal cancer. It is predicted to claim 50,310 lives in 2014. Chromosome Instability (CIN) is observed in 80–90% of colon cancers, and is thought to contribute to colon cancer progression and recurrence. However, there are no animal models of CIN that have been validated for studies of colon cancer development or drug testing. In this study, we sought to validate a mitotic error‐induced CIN model mouse, the Shugoshin1 (Sgo1) haploinsufficient mouse, as a colon cancer study model. Wild‐type and Sgo1−/+ mice were treated with the colonic carcinogen, azoxymethane (AOM). We tracked colon tumor development 12, 24, and 36 wk after treatment to assess progression of colon tumorigenesis. Initially, more precancerous lesions, Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF), developed in Sgo1−/+ mice. However, the ACF did not develop straightforwardly into larger tumors. At the 36‐wk endpoint, the number of gross tumors in Sgo1−/+ mice was no different from that in wild‐type controls. However, Copy Number Variation (CNV) analysis indicated that fully developed colon tumor in Sgo1−/+ mice carried 13.75 times more CNV. Immunohistological analyses indicated that Sgo1−/+ mice differentially expressed IL‐6, Bcl2, and p16INK4A. We propose that formation of ACF in Sgo1−/+ mice is facilitated by the IL6‐STAT3‐SOCS3 oncogenic pathway and by the Bcl2‐anti‐apoptotic pathway, yet further development of the ACF to tumors is inhibited by the p16INK4A tumor suppressor pathway. Manipulating these pathways would be beneficial for inhibiting development of colon cancer with CIN. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha functions in an autocrine manner in the induction of human immunodeficiency virus expression.

Tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) is an immunoregulatory cytokine capable of inducing viral expression in cells chronically infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), such as the promonocytic line U1 and the T-lymphocytic line ACH-2. In the present study, we demonstrate an autocrine mechanism of TNF-a-mediated HIV induction. Stimulation of U1 and ACH-2 cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) resulted in the induction of TNF-a mRNA and the secretion of TNF-a. Of note is the fact that anti-TNF-a antibodies significantly suppressed the expression of HIV in PMA-stimulated U1 and ACH-2 cells. Furthermore, anti-TNF-a antibodies also suppressed both the constitutive and inducible levels i viral expression in the chronically infected promonocytic clone U33.3. This study illustrates the interrelationship between the regulation of HIV expression and normal immunoregulatory mechanisms in that virus expression, both constitutive and induced, can be modulated by an autocrine pathway involving TNF-a, a cytokine involved in the complex network of regulation of the normal human immune response.
Just as the threat of predation leads to the evolution of behavioral systems, so too does the threat of parasitic attack. In certain species of leafcutter

Personality styles vary widely across cultures, as Volume 1 of this work attests. On average, New Zealanders report higher extraversion than Nigerians; Chileans report higher openness to experience than Chinese (e.g., McCrae et al., 2005). Similarly, when comparing small-scale societies, the Wolof tend to be more self-restrained than the Warrau; the Aztec more restrained than the Amahuaca (Barry, Josephson, Lauer, & Marshall, 1976). But why does this variation exist? Is it simply stochastic noise, or ethnographic dazzle? Or do these cultural differences reflect real, adaptive responses to differing ecological and social demands between cultures? In this chapter, we focus on one specific ecological variable—the threat posed by infectious disease—and its implications for cultural variation in personality.
To What Extent Are State Scope of Practice Laws Related to Nurse Practitioners’ Day-to-Day Practice Autonomy?

We explore the extent to which state scope of practice laws are related to nurse practitioners (NPs)’ day-to-day practice autonomy. We found that NPs experienced greater day-to-day practice autonomy when they had prescriptive independence. Surprisingly, there were only small and largely insignificant differences in day-to-day practice autonomy between NPs in fully restricted states and those in states with independent practice but restricted prescription authority. The scope of practice effects were strong for primary care NPs. We also found that the amount of variation in day-to-day practice autonomy within the scope of practice categories existed, which suggests that factors other than state scope of practice laws may influence NP practice as well. Removing barriers at all levels that potentially prevent NPs from practicing to the full extent of their education and training is critical not only to increase primary care capacity but also to make NPs more efficient and effective providers.
Induction of ovulation in quarter horse mares through the use of deslorelin acetate and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)

The aim this study was to compare two protocols of induction for ovulation by desloreline acetate and hCG in Quarter Horse mares. The choice of the animals was based on the observations by the estrus, by rectal palpation of the ovaries and by ultrassonography of the follicular dynamics. After estrus detection and follicle control, the measurement of the follicles and the classification of uterus were carried out. The animals that had dominant follicle (diameter more than 35 mm) and swollen uterus were used. In these conditions, the mares received hCG or desloreline acetate. Once ovulation occurred, the artificial insemination was carried. Two groups were performed: G1 (20 animals) received 1.5 mg desloreline acetate and G2 (20 animals) received 1700 IU of hCG. Following 6h intervals, the control follicular was performed by ultrasonography. The follicular average diameter was 42.6 cm for the groups and set up a score of 0 to 3 of uterine edema displayed by the device as well as the time of ovulation. In conclusion, the desloreline acetate showed better performance than hCG, because the ovulation was induced in less time (nine hours than hCG) (p<0.05). The pregnancy rate was 80 and 75 %, respectively in G1 and G2.
Throughput Capacity of Opportunistic Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Recently, the idea of opportunistic routing (OR) has been widely explored to cope with the unreliable transmissions by exploiting the broadcast nature and spatial diversity of the wireless medium in order to improve the performance of wireless sensor networks. However, there are few theoretical analyses on the maximum throughput of OR WSNs. This paper is the first attempt to conduct a theoretical analysis on aggregate throughput capacity of OR in multihop many-to-one WSNs with consideration for lossy link and transmission fairness. By capturing the key characteristics of forwarding candidate set in OR networks, we propose the cumulative delivery transmission model. Then we introduce the concept of concurrent schedulable set to represent the constraints imposed by the transmission conflicts of OR, and formulate the optimal aggregate throughput problem as a maximum concurrent flow linear programming problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the OR design derived from our analysis model often yields noticeably better throughput than traditional unicast routing protocols and the OR design derived from existing analysis model under a range of scenarios.
Identification of functional differences between prototype Epstein-Barr virus-encoded LMP1 and a nasopharyngeal carcinoma-derived LMP1 in human epithelial cells.

The contribution of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) strain variation to the pathogenesis of virus-associated tumours remains unknown. Given the central role of LMP1 in EBV-induced transformation, much interest has focused on the influence of LMP1 sequence variation on the signaling pathways and multiple downstream phenotypic consequences of LMP1 expression. The identification of LMP1 variants with a common 10-amino-acid deletion and additional point mutations (typified by the CAO-LMP1 isolate) in EBV strains associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma prompted us to examine the effect of stable prototype B95.8-LMP1 and CAO-LMP1 expression on the phenotype and differentiation of SCC12F human epithelial cells. Both forms of LMP1 were able to induce expression of the antiapoptotic A20 protein and provide protection from tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced cytotoxicity. Although B95.8-LMP1 induced growth inhibition, expression of certain cell surface molecules (CD40, CD44, and CD54), and secretion of interleukin-6 and -8 in SCC12F cells, stable CAO-LMP1 expression failed to elicit these effects. Furthermore, B95. 8-LMP1, but not CAO-LMP1, induced alterations in cell morphology and blocked epithelial cell differentiation. Both B95.8-LMP1 and CAO-LMP1 induced similar levels of nuclear factor-kappaB activation, but the ability of CAO-LMP1 to activate the AP-1 pathway was relatively impaired. These data highlight significant functional differences between the prototype B95.8-LMP1 and the CAO-LMP1 variant when stably expressed in human epithelial cells and suggest that continued analysis of LMP1 variants will help to further dissect the signaling pathways activated by LMP1 as well as provide insights into the contribution of LMP1 sequence variation to the pathogenesis of EBV-associated tumours.
Parvovirus infection.

Parvovirus B19 is a common infection, usually presenting as erythema infectiosum in children. There is a wide range of potential consequences of parvovirus B19 infection. These extend from minor febrile illness to erythema infectiosum (fifth disease, slapped cheek syndrome), a generalised rash illness clinically indistinguishable from rubella, aplastic crises in patients with increased red cell turnover, arthropathy and persistent infection in the immunocompromised. It may also cause fetal loss or fetal hydrops and so detection in pregnancy is important for monitoring and possible treatment.
Bioremediation of Acetochlor in Soil and Water Systems by Cyanobacterial Mat

This study investigated the bioremediation of organic pollution in soil and water systems by cyanobacterial mats collected from Wadi Gaza. Acetochlor, a model compound of herbicide, was used as a standard organic pollutant. Various concentrations of acetochlor were injected in soil and water samples pre-treated with cyanobacterial mat for several periods of time. Percentage of growth of wheat as a test plant was taken as indicator of bioremediation of acetochlor. Results showed that acetochlor was degraded in both soil and water systems. Degradation was much faster in the water system than in the soil system. Concentrations of acetochlor above the field rate did not affect the bioremediation process in the water system whereas it did in soil pots. Furthermore, bioremediation in water system was nearly completed in 15 days whereas it did not reach high percentage in the soil system. These encouraging results are new contribution in field of bioremediation of pesticide by cyanobacterial mats and suggest that application of cyanobacterial mat could be a fast and suitable methodology for bioremediation of organic pollutant in the ecosystem.
A comparative study of Caribbean return migration from Britain and France: towards a context-dependent explanation.

"The currently dominant element in the labour migration from the Caribbean to Britain and France is a return flow of migrants. This paper focuses on the migrations from the Commonwealth and the French Caribbean to Britain and France respectively. While these migrations are historically similar in origin, subsequent differences in the colonial and immigration policies of Britain and France have resulted in divergent migration trends and experiences. New sources of data are drawn on in this comparative study of return migration to the Caribbean, providing up-to-date information on the size and demographic characteristics of the returnee populations. Equally important to this study is the section of the migrant population who are likely to remain in Europe. The authors argue that a comprehensive model of labour migration would need to incorporate the non-return situation in its dynamic entirety. "
Advanced Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar Simulator

The Advanced Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar Simulator (APDWRS) capable of generating I&Q time series voltages for a ground based fully-polarimetric Doppler weather radar is described in this paper. The Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model is used in conjunction with the T-Matrix code to generate radar signals according to the propagation-modified covariance matrix. Mixtures of rain, hail, graupel and snow hydrometeors relative to a realistic weather phenomenon are considered. The polarimetric and Doppler observables estimated from the simulated radar signals showed a good agreement with those found in previous observations.
Clusterin (Apolipoprotein J), a Molecular Chaperone That Facilitates Degradation of the Copper-ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B*

The copper-transporting P1B-type ATPases (Cu-ATPases) ATP7A and ATP7B are key regulators of physiological copper levels. They function to maintain intracellular copper homeostasis by delivering copper to secretory compartments and by trafficking toward the cell periphery to export excess copper. Mutations in the genes encoding ATP7A and ATP7B lead to copper deficiency and toxicity disorders, Menkes and Wilson diseases, respectively. This report describes the interaction between the Cu-ATPases and clusterin and demonstrates a chaperone-like role for clusterin in facilitating their degradation. Clusterin interacted with both ATP7A and ATP7B in mammalian cells. This interaction increased under conditions of oxidative stress and with mutations in ATP7B that led to its misfolding and mislocalization. A Wilson disease patient mutation (G85V) led to enhanced ATP7B turnover, which was further exacerbated when cells overexpressed clusterin. We demonstrated that clusterin-facilitated degradation of mutant ATP7B is likely to involve the lysosomal pathway. The knockdown and overexpression of clusterin increased and decreased, respectively, the Cu-ATPase-mediated copper export capacity of cells. These results highlight a new role for intracellular clusterin in mediating Cu-ATPase quality control and hence in the normal maintenance of copper homeostasis, and in promoting cell survival in the context of disease. Based on our findings, it is possible that variations in clusterin expression and function could contribute to the variable clinical expression of Menkes and Wilson diseases.
Quality of life after low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision and temporary loop ileostomy for rectal carcinoma

Low anterior resection (LAR) with total mesorectal excision (TME) may be the optimal operation for carcinoma of the mid or lower rectum. Routine formation of a temporary defunctioning stoma has been recommended with TME. The impact of this strategy on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) has not been addressed.
Argumentation with Abduction

This paper presents a general approach to combining argumentation and abduction where the different uses of argumentation for preference reasoning and abduction for reasoning under incomplete information are synthesized together in an enhancing way. This integrated approach of argumentation and abduction can form the basis for encoding adaptable preference policies in the face of incomplete information from dynamic and evolving environments. The paper shows how this integration can be achieved within a suitable logic based framework and studies a simple computational model to capture the combined form of reasoning.
Optimizing the Structure of Distribution Smart Grids with Renewable Generation against Abnormal Conditions: A Complex Networks Approach with Evolutionary Algorithms

In this work, we describe an approach that allows for optimizing the structure of a smart grid (SG) with renewable energy (RE) generation against abnormal conditions (imbalances between generation and consumption, overloads or failures arising from the inherent SG complexity) by combining the complex network (CN) and evolutionary algorithm (EA) concepts. We propose a novel objective function (to be minimized) that combines cost elements, related to the number of electric cables, and several metrics that quantify properties that are beneficial for SGs (energy exchange at the local scale and high robustness and resilience). The optimized SG structure is obtained by applying an EA in which the chromosome that encodes each potential network (or individual) is the upper triangular matrix of its adjacency matrix. This allows for fully tailoring the crossover and mutation operators. We also propose a domain-specific initial population that includes both small-world and random networks, helping the EA converge quickly. The experimental work points out that the proposed method works well and generates the optimum, synthetic, small-world structure that leads to beneficial properties such as improving both the local energy exchange and the robustness. The optimum structure fulfills a balance between moderate cost and robustness against abnormal conditions. Our approach should be considered as an analysis, planning and decision-making tool to gain insight into smart grid structures so that the low level detailed design is carried out by using electrical engineering techniques.
Association between Patient History and Physical Examination and Osteoarthritis after Ankle Sprain

Abstract Structural abnormalities on MRI are frequent after an ankle sprain. To determine the association between patient history, physical examination and early osteoarthritis (OA) in patients after a previous ankle sprain, 98 patients with persistent complaints were selected from a cross-sectional study. Patient history taking and physical examination were applied and MRI was taken. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to test possible associations. Signs of OA (cartilage loss, osteophytes and bone marrow edema) were seen in the talocrural joint (TCJ) in 40% and the talonavicular joint (TNJ) in 49%. Multivariable analysis showed a significant positive association between swelling (OR 3.58, 95%CI 1.13;11.4), a difference in ROM of passive plantar flexion (OR 1.09, 95%CI 1.01;1.18) and bone edema in the TCJ. A difference in ROM of passive plantar flexion (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.00;1.15) and pain at the end range of dorsiflexion/plantar flexion (OR 5.23, 95%CI 1.88;14.58) were associated with osteophytes in the TNJ. Pain at the end of dorsiflexion/plantar flexion, a difference in ROM of passive plantar flexion and swelling seem to be associated with features of OA (bone marrow edema, osteophytes) in the TCJ and TNJ. Our findings may guide physicians to predict structural joint abnormalities as signs of osteoarthritis. Level of evidence: 1b