Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Volatile aroma components of Thai fish sauce in relation to product categorization

Numerous investigations on aroma characteristics of fish sauce in particular samples have been conducted extensively; however, the relation of those volatile aroma profiles and aroma characteristics to quality and categorization of the product have never been reported. This study explored the contribution of volatile aroma components on product quality categorization of 52 Thai fish sauce samples. First, odour-active compounds were investigated by dynamic headspace gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC-O) from eight selected samples with four different qualities, including mature–unblended samples, premium-grade samples, first-grade samples and second-grade samples. Eleven odour-active compounds, i.e. acetic acid, propanoic acid, 2-methylpropanoic acid, butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, dimethyl trisulfide, 3-(methylthio)propanal, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-butanol, trimethylamine and n-propanol, contributed to the aroma characteristics of Thai fish sauce. A combination score was assigned to express the integration of flavour dilution on dynamic headspace dilution analysis and intensity of odour perceived on GC-O. The combination scores were analysed with principal component analysis to categorize these eight selected samples. Furthermore, these odour-active compounds detected as released volatile compounds from 52 fish sauce samples were applied for categorization of 52 samples. As a result, both combination scores and relative concentrations of these odour-active compounds could discriminate the fish sauce products according to their conventional grading which is based on total nitrogen of the sample. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selection environments and innovation regimes: Micro-macro innovation dynamics in late development

This paper explores macro-, and meso-economic forces shaping search and explorative behaviour at the firm level. In particular, we focus on top-down selection mechanisms (both direct and indirect) that modify the rate and direction of technological change, as well as the nature of technological learning at the micro-economic level. Studies on economic development in developing countries focus increasingly on the concepts of technological learning and technology systems. It is well accepted that fundamental causes of differences in long term economic performance expresses technological asymmetries at the firm and sectoral level (Dosi, Pavitt and Soete, 1990; Fagerberg, 1994). Given that technological learning is embedded in production chains, knowledge networks, and institutions, patterns of accumulation of technological capabilities depend in turn on related systems of innovation (Lundvall, 1992; Nelson, 1993). Opportunities for catching-up and narrowing technological asymmetries depend as well on the particular innovation regime, the rules govern search and innovative behaviour that in a particular industry and in a particular time (Nelson and Winter, 1982; Malerba and Orsenigo, 1995). However, macro-to-micro causality has been largely excluded in these fundamental explanations of economic performance (see Cimoli and Katz, 2002). Macroeconomic environments determining levels and growth rates of key variables can influence directly the rates of technology absorption and local innovation through traditional channels like relative prices of capital, capital turnover rates, market size and growth rates, etc. Next to these quantitative impacts, we argue, macroeconomic settings can also affect the nature of technical change, by influencing marketand firm-level selection mechanisms that govern an economy’s capacity of generating variety. Following Nelson and Winter (1982) model of search and selection, we develop an analytic framework that links explicitly micro-level behaviour and learning, with macroeconomic selection mechanisms. In turn, we show how macro-to-micro causation can bias technological behaviour into certain directions, reinforcing cumulative causation and path1 Science, Technology, and Development Program, El Colegio de México UNU-MERIT, University of Maastricht
An urban strategy in time of crisis: Mobility management and low-cost public space design

This research underlines the importance of mobility management tools and small-scale targeted interventions of public space upgrades in order to encourage conscious sustainable mobility behaviour. The paper reviews tools and tactics of soft transport policy measures, as well as of small-scale and low-cost public space design approaches and strategies in the USA and Europe to assess their characteristics and results. It will then focus on Thessaloniki (Greece) presenting 1) the main findings of a trip survey concerning the impact of the economic crisis on mobility behaviour and 2) the shift to low-cost street scale urban design projects which have emerged during the crisis. The paper states that quality public space and urban transport constitute conditions necessary to attain long-term change in mobility behaviour. While the importance of hard transport policy measures should not be underestimated, the strategy for achieving sustainable urban mobility and public space design adapted to the economic crisis-specific conditions is discussed.
Morphometric Data of Testudo Hermanni in the Vlora Area

The purpose of this paper is the morphometric study as well as the assessment of population structure of the Testudo hermani tortoise in the Vlora area. Individuals are collected in the study area. A morphometric study is made for the caught individuals. Suitable habitats have been identified for their growth and development. It is estimated the number of healthy or unhealthy individuals, dead individuals and also the identification of the local population’s threatening factors. Individuals with anomalies are studied and then compared with normal individuals, especially in terms of the number and shape of the dermal plates.
Vegetation dynamics and climate seasonality jointly control the interannual catchment water balance in the Loess Plateau under the Budyko framework

Abstract. Within the Budyko framework, the controlling parameter (ω in the Fu equation) is widely considered to represent landscape conditions in terms of vegetation coverage (M); however, some qualitative studies have concluded that climate seasonality (S) should be incorporated in ω. Here, we discuss the relationship between ω, M, and S, and further develop an empirical equation so that the contributions from M to actual annual evapotranspiration (ET) can be determined more accurately. Taking 13 catchments in the Loess Plateau as examples, ω was found to be well correlated with M and S. The developed empirical formula for ω calculations at the annual scale performed well for estimating ET by the cross-validation approach. By combining the Budyko framework with the semi-empirical formula, the contributions of changes in ω to ET variations were further decomposed as those of M and S. Results showed that the contributions of S to ET changes ranged from 0.1 to 74.8 % (absolute values). Therefore, the impacts of climate seasonality on ET cannot be ignored, otherwise the contribution of M to ET changes will be estimated with a large error. The developed empirical formula between ω, M, and S provides an effective method to separate the contributions of M and S to ET changes.
Towards understanding interpreter trainees ’ ( de ) motivation : An exploratory study

This paper reports on an exploratory study on profiling interpreter trainees’ (de)motivation in a Chinese context. Reflective essays were collected from 40 postgraduate trainees, and questionnaires were administered to 120 undergraduate and postgraduate trainees. Based on the data collected, this paper examines the interrelation among the Criterion Factors (Motivation and Demotivation), the Internal Factors (Ideal Self, Instrumentality and Avoidance), and the External Factors (Teaching Methods, Perceived Supports and Perceived Competence). The study shows that (1) although generally high in motivation, interpreter trainees are susceptible to demotivation; (2) trainees’ Ideal Self (future self-guide) is a better motivator than Instrumentality and Avoidance; (3) factors leading to trainee demotivation could be categorized into four groups: self-, peer-, teacher-, and institute-attributed, and Teacher Factor is the most frequently cited demotivating factor by trainees. Informed by these findings, the paper proposes an expanded research agenda on motivation in interpreting studies and highlights two new measures to encourage and sustain trainee motivation.
Oligocene-Miocene Vertebrates from the Valley of Lakes (Central Mongolia): Morphology, phylogenetic and stratigraphic implications

The detailed study of lagomorphs from the Valley of Lakes yielded 45 different taxa from 88 Early Oligocene to Late Miocene localities. Lagomorphs of the Valley of Lakes belong to 3 families. The most abundant and diverse groups are palaeolagins and ochotonids.
A Research on Production of Rocket and Parsley in Floating System

In this research, the possibility of the production of rocket and parsley which have short production cycle and baby leaf vegetable, in floating system to reduce the concentration of nutrient solution; determination of the effects of yield, quality and leaf nutrient content was aimed. Research was carried out during the autumn and spring production seasons of 2010-2011. Standard nutrient solution ((mM) 12 N-NO3, 3.8 N-NH4, 2.8 P, 8.4 K, 3.5 Ca, 1.4 Mg, 9.5 Na, 8.0 Cl, 2.7 S, 0.04 Fe) was used as full dose (control treatment) and compared to half dose (1/2 dose) Hoagland nutrient solution. Both of the seasons in total yield were changed between rocket 975.81-1612.15 g m-2 and parsley 875.50-1093.50 g m-2 respectively. The results showed that using of floating system in Rocket and Parsley cultivation was successful and reduced the concentration of nutrient solution; variety and growing season at rates ranging from 13.7% to 24.8% compared to have showed reduce the yield. In this study, the effect of treatments to some quality parameters (dry weight, vitamin C, nitrate, pH ve EC) and nutrients removed by plant were determined. In addition, it was found that these values increased with increasing with the concentration of nutrient solution; however, vitamin C decreased in Parsley cultivation. When the results evaluated as a whole, it was concluded that using ½ doses decreased yield, some savings could be achieved in terms of nutrient solution consumed by the plant with the negative impact on the environment.
Nitrification in the Upper Mississippi River: patterns, controls, and contribution to the NO3− budget

Abstract We measured nitrification rates in sediment samples collected from a variety of aquatic habitats in Navigation Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) 7 times between May 2000 and October 2001. We also conducted nutrient-enrichment experiments and analyzed vertical profiles of sediment to determine factors regulating nitrification. Nitrification rates were relatively high compared to other ecosystems (ranging from 0–8.25 μg N cm−2 h−1) and exhibited significant temporal and spatial patterns. Nitrification rates were greatest during the summer and spring compared to autumn and winter (ANOVA, p < 0.05) and were greater in contiguous backwater and impounded habitats compared to main and side-channel habitats (p < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that nitrification rates were weakly (r2 = 0.18, p < 0.0001) related to temperature and exchangeable NH4+ of the sediment. However, nutrient-enrichment experiments showed that NH4+ availability did not limit nitrification in 3 sediment types with variable organic matter. Vertical profiles of sediment cores demonstrated that oxygen concentration and nitrification had similar patterns suggesting that nitrification may be limited by oxygen penetration into sediments. We conclude that temperature and sediment NH4+ can be useful for predicting broad-scale temporal and spatial nitrification patterns, respectively, but oxygen penetration into the sediments likely regulates nitrification rates in much of the UMR. Overall, we estimated that nitrification produces 6982 mt N/y of NO3− or 7% of the total annual NO3− budget.
Acceleration of the contribution of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to sea level rise

Ice sheet mass balance estimates have improved substantially in recent years using a variety of techniques, over different time periods, and at various levels of spatial detail. Considerable disparity remains between these estimates due to the inherent uncertainties of each method, the lack of detailed comparison between independent estimates, and the effect of temporal modulations in ice sheet surface mass balance. Here, we present a consistent record of mass balance for the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets over the past two decades, validated by the comparison of two independent techniques over the last 8 years: one differencing perimeter loss from net accumulation, and one using a dense time series of time‐variable gravity. We find excellent agreement between the two techniques for absolute mass loss and acceleration of mass loss. In 2006, the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets experienced a combined mass loss of 475 ± 158 Gt/yr, equivalent to 1.3 ± 0.4 mm/yr sea level rise. Notably, the acceleration in ice sheet loss over the last 18 years was 21.9 ± 1 Gt/yr2 for Greenland and 14.5 ± 2 Gt/yr2 for Antarctica, for a combined total of 36.3 ± 2 Gt/yr2. This acceleration is 3 times larger than for mountain glaciers and ice caps (12 ± 6 Gt/yr2). If this trend continues, ice sheets will be the dominant contributor to sea level rise in the 21st century.
BRINGING THE DEMOS BACK IN

ABSTRACT The creation of a EUropean demos is often debated by referring to forms of ethnic or civic identities. The present article aims to expose the theoretical shortcomings of this dichotomous approach, which confines the complexity of EUrope within a simplifying methodological nationalism. By relying on empirical data collected in four different EUropean regions, the article points to the relevance of a functional or utilitarian rationale which EUropean interviewees use to justify the existence of EUrope. Although this rationale does not obliterate cultural and civic narrations of EUrope, I would argue that it invites to reconsider the traditional role played by identities in the construction of political institutions. Accordingly, I believe that scholars should take more seriously the metaphor ‘EUrope as a laboratory’ – a convenient, but often empty metaphor.
Highly controlled, reproducible measurements of aerosol emissions from combustion of a common African biofuel source

Abstract. Particulate emissions from biomass burning can both alter the atmosphere's radiative balance and cause significant harm to human health. However, due to the large effect on emissions caused by even small alterations to the way in which a fuel burns, it is difficult to study particulate production of biomass combustion mechanistically and in a repeatable manner. In order to address this gap, in this study, small wood samples sourced from Cote D'Ivoire in West Africa were burned in a highly controlled laboratory environment. The shape and mass of samples, available airflow and surrounding thermal environment were carefully regulated. Organic aerosol and refractory black carbon emissions were measured in real time using an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer and a Single Particle Soot Photometer, respectively. This methodology produced remarkably repeatable results, allowing aerosol emissions to be mapped directly onto different phases of combustion. Emissions from pyrolysis were visible as a distinct phase before flaming was established. After flaming combustion was initiated, a black-carbon-dominant flame was observed during which very little organic aerosol was produced, followed by a period that was dominated by organic-carbon-producing smouldering combustion, despite the presence of residual flaming. During pyrolysis and smouldering, the two phases producing organic aerosol, distinct mass spectral signatures that correspond to previously reported variations in biofuel emissions measured in the atmosphere are found. Organic aerosol emission factors averaged over an entire combustion event were found to be representative of the time spent in the pyrolysis and smouldering phases, rather than reflecting a coupling between emissions and the mass loss of the sample. Further exploration of aerosol yields from similarly carefully controlled fires and a careful comparison with data from macroscopic fires and real-world emissions will help to deliver greater constraints on the variability of particulate emissions in atmospheric systems.
Changing Market Potentials, Regional Growth and Income Disparities in Poland

In this paper we analysed to which extent the changes in market potentials in Poland have been a cause for increasing income disparities, which were observed across Polish regions from 1995 to 2008. To do so we derived and estimated a New Economy Geography Model, which relates per capita GDP growth rates to changes in market potential. The results of the crosssection estimations of the model for the period 1995-2008 and for its different subsamples point to a positive and significant effect of changing market potentials in per capita GDP growth rates. Due to the fact that core-economic regions have mostly benefited in terms of market potential growth during 1995-2008, these results confirm the important role played by the relative changing in market potentials across Polish regions in widening the gap between poor and rich regions in the country in the period of analysis.
Coupling between octahedral tilting and ferroelectric order in tetragonal tungsten bronze-structured dielectrics

Strong coupling between local polar displacements and a commensurate octahedral tilting is proposed to explain the onset of classic ferroelectric behavior in tetragonal tungsten bronzelike dielectrics Ba2LaxNd1−xNb3Ti2O15. The ferroelectric phase transition is associated with a discontinuous non-lock-in transformation of an incommensurate tilted structure to a commensurate superstructure. In a manner reminiscent of perovskitelike oxides, the driving force for commensurate tilting increases as the average ionic radius of the rare-earth ion decreases; no classical ferroelectric transition is observed for compositions with x>0.75, which remain incommensurate and exhibit only relaxor behavior below room temperature.
Influence of synkinematic sedimentation in a thrust system with two decollement levels ; analogue modelling

Compressive systems in foreland domains are characterised by fold and thrust belts linked to the presence of one or several ductile layers in depth acting as a decollement level. The main parameters controlling the structural evolution are: the presence of a decollement level, the amount and rate of shortening, and the amount of synkinematic sedimentation. The effect of these parameters has only been studied on a thrust belt scale. Furthermore, only the effect of synkinematic sedimentation on a simple system with one decollement level has been studied at the scale of a single structure. The aim of this study was to use analogue modelling to test the effect of shortening rate, velocity and the localization of sedimentation on a single system characterised by the presence of two prekinematic decollement levels. The main results showed variations in the structural vergence, folding geometry (symmetric or asymmetric), the evolution of the deformation (horizontal propagation versus vertical uplift), and the decoupling of the lower and upper brittle structures in relation with the main parameters (shortening rate and mass transfer). The results of the experiments were then compared to natural examples from the sub-Andean thrust belt.
The construct of Physical Education A qualitative study investigating the construct of Physical Education in

The objective of the study was to investigate the construction of Physical education (PE) in high school students. Participants were 3 female and 5 male high school students, 16-18 years of age. The participants came from 3 different schools in Malmö and differed in amount of conducted physical activity outside of school. Qualitative interviews were conducted and content analyzed. The result showed that the construct of PE was composed by 4 dimensions; Athletic-, Body and Gender-, Scholasticand Social dimensions. The result can be helpful to understand, interpret and analyze students’ behavior during PE and, in addition, to develop the content and execution of PE in the future.
Investment Horizon to Investment Decision and Mean Reversion: Indonesian Perspective

This study has two research objectives: (1) to find evidence whether investment decisions (allocation of funds in each asset in a portfolio) of Indonesian investors in the short investment horizon diverge with their investment decisions in the long investment horizon, and (2) to examine the belief of Indonesian investors in the mean reversion. This study analyzes the investment horizon from a behavioral point of view by examining the influence of investment horizon on investment decision and mean reversion in Indonesia. We employed the students of Master of Science, Master of Management, and Doctorate Programs at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia as the sample in this research. Of the 217 questionnaires delivered, 172 questionnaires were completely filled and utilized in this study. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) it is significantly proved that Indonesian investors are inclined to assume higher portfolio risk in the longer investment horizon than that in the shorter investment horizon; (2) it is very interesting to see that on average, the investors are inclined to increase their allocation in the risk-free asset in the longer investment horizon although the difference between the risk-free asset holding in the short investment horizon and that in the long investment horizon is not significant; (3) the framing effect significantly influences the investment decisions, both in short investment horizon and in long investment horizon; (4) there is a tendency for the respondents to show a willingness to assume higher portfolio risk when they received the questionnaires that provided the historical five-year returns on the first page; (5) investors predict an asset gaining 50 percent in the first year to continuously gain in the next four years while expecting an asset losing 25 percent in the first year to continuously loss in the next four years.