Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SLDP: Sequence learning dependency parsing model using long short-term memory

Recent work on neural network models shows success in dependency parsing. In this paper, we present a sequence learning dependency parsing (SLDP) model using long short-term memory for shift-reduce parser. A feed-forward neural network is used to build greedy model from rich local features. With the features extracted by the local model, we further train a long short-term memory (LSTM) model optimized for global parsing sequences. Our model has the capability of learning not only atomic feature combinations automatically but also the long distance dependent information for dependency parsing. Experiments on English Penn Treebank show that our SLDP model significantly outperforms the baseline, achieving 90.7% unlabeled attachment score and 89.0% labeled attachment score.
Arsenic Accumulation and Speciation of PM2.5 and Relevant Health Risk Assessment in Jinan, China

Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous carcinogen in the environment. Its bio-toxicity is significantly correlated with its chemical forms. In this study, As accumulation and speciation of PM2.5 was investigated in Jinan. The high PM2.5 levels fluctuated between 69.67 μg·m -3 and 211.25 μg·m-3 in winter, and ranged from 63.46 μg·m-3 to 125.50 μg·m-3 in summer. The total As concentration of PM2.5 in winter and summer varied from 4.23 to 15.47 ng·m-3 and from 4.59 to 11.69 ng·m-3. As(V) accounted for 70~100% of the extractable speciation in the PM2.5 samples. Exposure levels of total As for the general public were 63.45~232.05 ng d-1, and 68.85~175.35 ng d-1 by inhalation in winter and summer. The mean of cancer risk (CR) of As in PM2.5 for winter and summer were 7.30×10 -6±0.89×10-6 and 5.26×10-6±0.58×10-6, respectively.
Applying organizational psychology as a design science: A method for predicting malfunctions in socio-technical systems (PreMiSTS)

As a discipline, design science has traditionally focused on designing products and associated technical processes to improve usability and performance. Although significant progress has been made in these areas, little research has yet examined the role of human behaviour in the design of socio-technical systems (e.g., organizations). Here, we argue that applying organizational psychology as a design science can address this omission and enhance the capability of both disciplines. Specifically, we propose a method to predict malfunctions in socio-technical systems (PreMiSTS), thereby enabling them to be designed out or mitigated. We introduce this method, describe its nine stages, and illustrate its application with reference to two high-profile case studies of such malfunctions: (1) the severe breakdowns in patient care at the UK’s Mid-Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust hospital in the period 2005–2009, and (2) the fatal Grayrigg rail accident in Cumbria, UK, in 2007. Having first identified the socio-technical and behavioural antecedents of these malfunctions, we then consider how the PreMiSTS method could be used to predict and prevent future malfunctions of this nature. Finally, we evaluate the method, consider its advantages and disadvantages, and suggest where it can be most usefully applied.
Isolation of Fusarium fujikuroi antagonistic bacteria and cloning of its phenazine carboxylic acid genes

Bakanae disease caused by Fusarium fujikuroi is very important in rice. Pseudomonas fluorescens produces a broad-spectrum antibiotic phenazine-carboxylic acid (PCA), which is active against a variety of fungal root pathogens. In this study contaminated rice samples were collected from infected farms of Guilan. 238 bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere and the antagonistic ability of 12 of them was demonstrated with two culture method. Eight of these isolates were identified as P. fluorescens. The effects of volatile metabolites produced by antagonistic P. fluorescens found in the isolates inhibited growth of F. fujikuroi in vitro. Culture filtrate and antibiotics from these isolates inhibited growth of the pathogen. Two genes from seven gene locus of phenazine were cloned in Escherichia coli DH5.
Roads and landslides in Nepal: how development affects environmental risk

Abstract. The number of deaths from landslides in Nepal has been increasing dramatically due to a complex combination of earthquakes, climate change, and an explosion of informal road construction that destabilizes slopes during the rainy season. This trend will likely rise as development continues, especially as China's Belt and Road Initiative seeks to construct three major trunk roads through the Nepali Himalaya that adjacent communities will seek to tie in to with poorly constructed roads. To determine the effect of these informal roads on generating landslides, we compare the distance between roads and landslides triggered by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake with those triggered by monsoon rainfalls, as well as a set of randomly located landslides to determine if the spatial correlation is strong enough to further imply causation. If roads are indeed causing landslides, we should see a clustering of rainfall-triggered landslides closer to the roads that accumulate and focus the water that facilitates failure. We find that in addition to a concentration of landslides in landscapes with more developed, agriculturally viable soils, that the rainfall-triggered landslides are more than twice as likely to occur within 100 m of a road than the landslides generated by the earthquake. The oversteepened slopes, poor water drainage and debris management provide the necessary conditions for failure during heavy monsoonal rains. Based on these findings, geoscientists, planners and policymakers must consider how road development affects the physical (and ecological), socio-political and economic factors that increase risk in exposed communities, alongside ecologically and financially sustainable solutions such as green roads.
A new single CCII- based voltage-mode first-order all-pass filter and its quadrature oscillator application

In this paper, a new voltage-mode (VM) first-order all-pass filter (APF) topology composed of only a grounded capacitor is proposed. The proposed APF uses a single minus-type second-generation current conveyor (CCII-) which can be constructed by only five MOS transistors. It has low power consumption. Resonance frequency of the proposed APF can be adjusted by changing only a resistor value. However, it needs a single matching condition. As an application, a quadrature oscillator example is given. A non-ideality analysis for the proposed APF is also given. A number of time domain and frequency domain simulation results and an experimental test result are included to confirm the theory.
On the origin of [NeII] 12.81 μm emission from pre-main sequence stars: disks, jets, and accretion

Context. Extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray photons from classical T Tauri stars are powerful ionization and heating agents that drive disk chemistry, disk instabilities, and photoevaporative flows. The mid-infrared fine-structure line of [Ne II] at 12.81 mu m has been proposed to trace gas in disk surface layers heated and ionized by stellar X-ray and EUV radiation. Aims. We aim at locating the origin of [Ne II] line emission in circumstellar environments by studying distributions of [Ne II] emission and correlating the inferred [Ne II] luminosities, L([Ne II]), with stellar and circumstellar disk parameters. Methods. We have conducted a study of [Ne II] line emission based on a sample of 92 pre-main sequence stars mostly belonging to the infrared Class II, but including 13 accreting transition disk objects, and also 14 objects that drive known jets and outflows. Results. We find several significant correlations between L([Ne II]) and stellar parameters, in particular L(X) and the wind mass loss rate,. (M) over dot(loss). Most correlations are, however, strongly dominated by systematic scatter of unknown origin. While there is a positive correlation between L([Ne II]) and L(X), the stellar mass accretion rate,. (M) over dot(acc), induces a correlation only if we combine the largely different subsets of jet sources and stars without jets. Our results indeed suggest that L([Ne II]) is bi-modally distributed, with separate distributions for the two subsamples. The jet sources show systematically higher L([Ne II]), by 1-2 orders of magnitude with respect to objects without jets. Jet-driving stars also tend to show higher mass accretion rates. We therefore hypothesize that the trend with. (M) over dot(acc) only reflects a trend with (M) over dot(loss) that is more physically relevant for [Ne II] emission. Conclusions. The [Ne II] luminosities measured for objects without known outflows and jets are found to agree with simplified calculations of [Ne II] emission from disk surface layers if the measured stellar X-rays are responsible for heating and ionizing the gas. The large scatter in L([Ne II]) may be introduced by variations of disk properties and the irradiation spectrum, as previously suggested. If these additional factors can be sufficiently well constrained, then the [Ne II] 12.81 mu m line should be an important diagnostic for disk surface ionization and heating, at least in the inner disk region. This applies in particular to transition disks also included in our sample. The systematically enhanced [Ne II] flux from jet sources clearly suggests a role for the jets themselves, as previously demonstrated by a spatially resolved observation of the outflow system in the T Tau triple.
FRETTING FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF IN100 AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Fretting fatigue behaviour of a nickel based alloy, IN100, was investigated at room temperature. Fretting fatigue tests were conducted at various stress levels by using two cylindrical pad geometries. Fretting fatigue crack initiation location and orientation angle were documented. Fretting reduced the strength/life in comparison to those in the plain fatigue; however, this reduction was relatively less than that in titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V. Both IN100 and Ti-6Al-4V are used in gas turbine engines. Increase in cylindrical pad radius had relatively less detrimental effect on the fretting fatigue life/strength of IN100 relative to those of titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V. The primary fretting fatigue crack initiated near the trailing edge on the contact surface, and at an orientation of 45° with a variation of ±10°. Finite element analysis was also conducted to obtain the stress state in the contact region, which was then used to compute a critical plane based
Towards Practical Implementation of Phase-Sensitive Amplifier Based Transmission Systems

All commercially available optical amplifiers are so-called phase-insensitive amplifiers (PIAs) which degrade the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) through the amplification process. This kind of amplifier has a quantum limited noise figure (NF) of 3 dB. Another category of amplifiers are phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs) which in theory are capable of noiseless amplification, i.e. amplification with a 0 dB NF. Successful implementation of PSAs in transmission systems would lead to significant performance improvements compared to using conventional PIAs. However, the implementation is challenging and no system with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) compatibility has previously been demonstrated over a significant transmission distance. This thesis is dedicated to realizing and investigating the properties of PSA-amplified transmission links utilizing fiber optical parametric amplifiers (FOPA) and the so-called copier-PSA scheme. One of the main challenges on the way towards realization is to recover and amplify a weak phase-modulated wave with high fidelity. To handle this, a hybrid injection locking (IL)/Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)-based pump recovery system was designed and thoroughly investigated experimentally. Other challenges include continuous phase-locking of several waves and high-precision wave tuning. A single-span PSA-amplified transmission link with WDM compatibility was demonstrated over 80 km of fiber. The link performance was compared against a conventional EDFA-based link for operation both in the linear and nonlinear transmission regime. The PSA-amplified system is shown to have capability to mitigate nonlinear distortions due to the Kerr effect and outperform the EDFA-amplified link in both regimes.
Analysis of physical, mechanical and chemical properties of seeds and kernels of Jatropha curcas

Muller M. , Hornickova S. , Hrabě P., Mařik J. (2015): Analysis of physical, mechanical and chemical proper ties of seeds and kernels of curcas. Res. Agr. Eng., 61: 99–105. The research was performed to examine the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of seeds and kernels of Jatropha curcas. The test parameters were the dimensions of the seeds and kernels, required energy for oil ex traction , determination of fatty acids in the oil by gas chromatography method , determination of the iodine value , determination of the acid value, determination of total polyphenols by the Folin & Ciocault reagent and determina tion of tocopherols and tocotrienols (vitamin E) by High-performance liquid chromatography. It was ascertained that the size of the seed and kernel varies considerably . Pressing of whole seeds needs more energy (50%) than pressing of kernels. From a chemical point of view it seems to be very appropriate for a production of biofuels. Jatropha curcas contains more polyphenols and vitamin E, which act as antioxidants, than the rape . Due to the low content of unsaturated fatty acids it is chemically suitable to replace the rape-seed oil with Jatropha curcas oil.
A Preliminary Study of the Translation of English Idiomatic / Formulaic Expressions by ESL / EFL Students : As Marked and Non-Canonical Forms

Recent studies done on the translation of "idiomatic/formulaic expressions" have always concerned themselves with the type of strategies used to account for the translation of idiomatic expressions. However, the difficulties which ESL/EFL students encounter in tackling such expressions stem not only from finding the appropriate strategy but also from the complex and culture-specific nature of such expressions which seem to constitute a real challenge to both native and non-native speakers This paper is two-folds: First, it argues for the proposition that idiomatic /formulaic expressions can potentially represent the 'marked' rather than the 'unmarked' or the 'non-canonical versus canonical ' structures in English or any language and as a result of that such expressions constitute a real challenge to ESL/EFL students. It attributes the difficulties that such expressions pose to ESL/EFL students to the peculiar nature and recurrent structure of such expressions. Second, it provides a sound rationale for ESL/EFL students' adoption of specific translation strategy over other one to account for the translation of such expressions. The methodology in this study consists of a set of 20 idiomatic expressions some of which have equivalence in the students' native language while other expressions do not have equivalents. The test is administered to 71 undergraduate English major at An-Najah National University. The second component of the test has dealt with the interview which the instructor conducted as a follow -up and for the sake of soliciting necessary feedback concerning students' responses and the opting of specific translation strategy over other possible ones. The findings of this study have shown that ESL/EFL students have relied heavily on their mother tongue as a potential strategy to account for the translation of idiomatic/formulaic expressions. Their adoption of the literal translation strategy over other possible strategies is a clear indication that EFL/ESL students resort to their mother tongue to account for the translation of such expressions due to lack of pragmatic/cultural competence and lack of exposure to the use of such idioms. The findings have also underscored a) the merits and significant role which the Cross-Linguistic Influence known as CLI can play in any learning process; and b) the Markedness Deferential Theory known as MDT as an instrumental mechanism in assisting ESL/EFL students and instructors with the task of distinguishing between " marked and unmarked" structures.
Computational fluid dynamics analyses on the hydrodynamic entry length in internal flows

Öz In the present numerical study, effects of the shape of the cross-section and their surface roughness on the pipe hydrodynamic entry length have been investigated for various Reynolds (Re) numbers. Standard k- turbulence model has been adopted to analyze the turbulent flows in circular, square and equilateral triangle cross-sectional pipes. Analyses indicate that the rough surfaces have the shorter entry lengths than that of the smooth surfaces and increasing surface roughness reduces the entry length regardless of the cross-section of the pipes. The equilateral triangle pipes have the longest while circular cross-sectional pipe has the shortest entry lengths. Re number has the significant effect on the entry length and it is seen that the higher the Re number the longer the entry length. Bu sayısal çalışmada, en kesit şekillerinin ve yüzey pürüzlülüklerinin borulardaki hidrodinamik giriş uzunluğuna olan etkileri farklı Reynolds (Re) sayıları için incelenmiştir. Dairesel, kare ve eşkenar üçgen kesitli borulardaki türbülanslı akışı analiz etmek için standart k- türbülans modeli kullanılmıştır. Analizler pürüzlü yüzeyli borulardaki giriş uzunluğunun pürüzsüz borulardakine göre daha kısa olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, yüzey pürüzlülüğünü artırmak borunun en kesit şeklinden bağımsız olarak giriş uzunluğunu kısaltmaktadır. Eşkenar üçgen kesitli boruların en uzun, dairesel kesitli boruların ise en kısa giriş uzunluğuna sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Re sayısı giriş uzunluğu üzerinde önemli etkilere sahiptir ve Re sayısı ne kadar büyürse giriş uzunluğunun da o kadar arttığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles

Contents: Introduction to automobile aerodynamics. Some fundamentals of fluid mechanics. Performance of cars and light vans. Aerodynamic drag of passenger cars. Driving stability in side winds. Operation, safety and comfort. High performance vehicles. Commercial vehicles. Engine cooling systems. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning of motor vehicles. Wind tunnels for automobile aerodynamics. Measurement and test techniques. Numerical methods for computation of flow around road vehicles.
Landform partitioning and estimates of deep storage of soil organic matter in Zackenberg, Greenland

Abstract. Soils in the northern high latitudes are a key component in the global carbon cycle, with potential feedback on climate. This study aims to improve the previous soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) storage estimates for the Zackenberg area (NE Greenland) that were based on a land cover classification (LCC) approach, by using geomorphological upscaling. In addition, novel organic carbon (OC) estimates for deeper alluvial and deltaic deposits (down to 300 cm depth) are presented. We hypothesise that landforms will better represent the long-term slope and depositional processes that result in deep SOC burial in this type of mountain permafrost environments. The updated mean SOC storage for the 0–100 cm soil depth is 4.8 kg C m−2 , which is 42 % lower than the previous estimate of 8.3 kg C m−2 based on land cover upscaling. Similarly, the mean soil TN storage in the 0–100 cm depth decreased with 44 % from 0.50 kg ( ± 0.1 CI) to 0.28 ( ± 0.1 CI) kg TN m−2 . We ascribe the differences to a previous areal overestimate of SOC- and TN-rich vegetated land cover classes. The landform-based approach more correctly constrains the depositional areas in alluvial fans and deltas with high SOC and TN storage. These are also areas of deep carbon storage with an additional 2.4 kg C m−2 in the 100–300 cm depth interval. This research emphasises the need to consider geomorphology when assessing SOC pools in mountain permafrost landscapes.
Chemoheterotrophic Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis B-3157. Microbiological Preparation of Deuterium Labeled Purine Ribonucleoside Inosine from Bacillus Subtilis B-3157

It was carried out the microbiological preparation of 2 H-labeled purine ribonucleoside inosine excreted into liquid microbial culture (LC) by Gram-positive chemoheterotrophic bacterium Bacillus subtilis B-3157 while growing of this bacterium on heavy water (HW) medium with 2% (v/v) hydrolysate of deuterated biomass of the methylotrophic bacterium Brevibacterium methylicum B-5662 as a source of 2 H-labeled growth substrates. Isolation of 2 H-labeled inosine from LC was performed by adsorption/desorption on activated carbon with following extraction by 0.3 M ammonium–formate buffer (pH = 8.9), crystallization in 80% (v/v) EtOH, and ion exchange chromatography (IEC) on a column with AG50WX 4 cation exchange resin equilibrated with 0.3 M ammonium–formate buffer and 0.045 M NH 4 Cl. The investigation of deuterium incorporation into the inosine molecule by FAB method demonstrated incorporation of 5 deuterium atoms into the molecule (the total level of deuterium enrichment – 65.5 atom% 2 H) with 3 deuterium atoms being included into the ribose and 2 deuterium atoms – into the hypoxanthine residue of the molecule. Three non-exchangeable deuterium atoms were incorporated into the ribose residue owing to the preservation in this bacterium the minor pathways of de novo glucose biosynthesis in 2 H 2 O-medium. These non-exchangeable deuterium atoms in the ribose residue were originated from HMP shunt reactions, while two other deuterium atoms at C2,C8-positions in the hypoxanthine residue were synthesized from [ 2 H]amino acids, primarily glutamine and glycine, that originated from deuterated hydrolysate. A glycoside proton at b-N 9 -glycosidic bond could be replaced with deuterium via the reaction of ? 2 elimination at the stage of ribulose-5-monophosphate formation from 3-keto-6-phosphogluconic acid with subsequent proton (deuteron) attachment at the ? 1-position of ribulose-5-monophosphate. Two other protons at C2(C3) and C4 positions in ribose residue could be replaced with deuterium via further enzimatic isomerization of ribulose-5-monophosphate into ribose-5-monophosphate. Key words : 2 H-labeled inosine, biosynthesis, biosynthetic pathways, heavy water, Bacillus subtilis