Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social contagion of autonomous motivation among professional educators : as a resource of leadership in schools

Yada, Takumi. 2015. Social Contagion of Autonomous Motivation among Professional Educators: As a Resource of Leadership in Schools. Master's Thesis in Education. University of Jyvaskyla. Department of Education. Enhancement of motivation among members in educational organizations is a crucial aspect for leaders to make the organizations more effective. However, when leadership is considered as a process, which makes leadership accessible to every member in an educational organization, the previous studies are still based on the thought that leaders determine leadership styles that motivate followers. While distributed leadership suggest some implications, it is still unclear how each member takes on autonomous motivation and it is distributed. Social contagion is the concept that the motivation of the model person spreads to the perceiver. The purpose of this study is to reveal social contagion of autonomous motivation among professional educators including educational leaders and teachers. A sample of 359 Japanese primary and secondary professional educators filled in a questionnaire comprising the adapted editions of the Subscales Assessing Four Types of Motivation for Teaching (SAFTMT) scale (Roth, Assor, Kanat-Maymon & Kaplan, 2007) and the Perceived Social Power Scale (PSPS) (Imai, 1993). The results indicate that autonomous motivation of professional educators spreads from one to another through social power which consists of attractive, reference, and expert power. In addition, the model persons of the professional educators who have autonomous motivation were mostly the other teachers, not educational leaders such as principals or vice-principals. The current study concludes that educational leaders should pay attention to how their teachers are autonomously motivated and make the most of it.
Effect of drill speed on the strain distribution during drilling of bovine and human bones

Drilling is an operation commonly required in orthopaedic surgery for insertion of screws and internal fixation of bone fractures. Induced damage is one of the undesired effects of drilling mainly due to the use of inadequate drilling parameters. During the recent years, scientists have been trying to describe the relationship between drilling parameters and bone injury. However, no studies have examined the level of strain generated in the bone during the drilling process. This paper focuses on the analysis of different drill speeds during drilling of fresh bovine femora and human cadaveric tibiae. The main contribution of this work is to determine how differences in applied drill speeds affect the strain of cortical tissue near the drilling site and the drill bit temperature. Strains were measured in ex-vivo material during the osteotomy preparation with three drill speeds (520, 900 and 1370 r.p.m.). Additionally, a thermographic camera was used to measure the drill bit temperature. As the drilling operations are blind in nature with unknown depth, the osteotomies were performed using a drill press machine without control of the feed rate or depth. Drill bit geometry was kept constant with 4 mm of diameter, point angle 1200 and helix angle 300. The tests were conducted at room temperature without applying cooling at the drilling zone. Bone strains near to the drilling sites were recorded with high accuracy using linear strain gages mounted around the diaphyseal cortex. It was noted that the bone strain and drill bit temperature increased with an increasing drill speed. Human and bovine bone samples presented significantly different levels of strain and temperature. Both strain and temperature were higher when drilling bovine femora than when drilling human cadaveric tibiae. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24243/JMEB/2.5. 170
The Effect of Group Investigation Learning Model, Accelerated Learning Team and Role Playing on Elementary School Students’ Writing Skills Viewed from Cognitive Style

This study aims at finding out the differences on the writing skills of students who follow the group learning model Investigation Group, Accelerated Learning Team, and Role Playing, (2) finding out group differences on the writing skills of students who have the dependence field cognitive style and independence filed cognitive style, and (3 ) finding out the use of three types of interaction models of cooperative learning and cognitive styles in influencing writing skills. This study is an experimental study with a 3x2 factorial design. Manipulations were performed on variables of learning models. The experimental group was given special treatment on each cooperative learning model namely Investigative Group, Accelerated Learning Team, and Role Playing. The experimental group consists of students who have dependence and independene cognitive style . The population is the fifth grade students of primary school in Kediri of 2012/2013 batch, while the samples are fifth grade students at 12 elementary schools in the three districts in the Kediri regency, four elementary schools in District Kandat, four elementary schools in the District Ngadiluwih, four elementary schools in District Badas , with the total of 368 students. The data were taken with the two-stage technique of random sampling area. The data were collected by testing the students’ writing skills, while the students’ cognitive style is determined by the type of cognitive style test. The collected data were presented in the form of tables, graphs, and analyzed by two-way analysis of variance. The conclusions of this study reveals that the writing skills of students who follow the group cooperative learning model in the type of investigation group is better than the group of students who are learning in Accelerated Learning Team and Role Playing, while the writing skills of students who follow the group cooperative learning model type and Accelerated Learning Team and role playing are just the same. The writing skills of students who have independence field cognitive style are better than the group of students who have dependence field cognitive style . There was an interaction between the type of cooperative learning and cognitive styles in influencing the writing skills. The interaction was shown to a group of students who have an independence field cognitive style , the use of cooperative learning model type of investigation group is better than the kind of Accelerated Learning Team or any type of Role Playing, whereas Accelerated Learning Team gives the same result as type of Role Playing. In the group of students who have the dependence cognitive style , the three types of cooperative learning was just all good. Keywords : learning model, writing skill, cognitive style
Litter Dynamics in Eucalyptus and Native Forest in the Brazilian Cerrado

The aim of this study was to evaluate the litter dynamics in the seasons of the year in three areas: Forest formation Cerradão (CE), and in two hybrids stands of Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis with different ages: E1 (34-58 months) and E2 (58-82 months). The produced litter, stored litter and the remaining mass was collected over 720 days. The evaluation of the remaining litter mass in each area was performed from the random distribution of 648 litter bags on the soil. Chemical analyzes (N, P, C) and the structural components of the cell wall (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose) of the remaining litter were performed. The C of the litter stock was also determined. For both years of evaluation were observed higher biomass and C content in litter at E2. In contrast, the highest decomposition rate was for the CE, especially in the second year of evaluation (mass remaining at 720 days of 35%, 37% and 23% for E1, E2 and CE, respectively), attributed to the higher apparent liberation of N, soil moisture and biodiversity in the native area. Lignin contents increased, cellulose decreased, and hemicellulose remained stable throughout the 720 days. It was also observed an increase in the N and P concentration of the remaining mass and positive correlations among the remaining mass and the C:N and C:P ratios. The C:N ratio of litter was ≥ 76:1 at time 0 and ≥ 30:1 at 720 days for the three areas.
Stock Repurchases and Executive Compensation Contract Design: The Role of Earnings per Share Performance Conditions

ABSTRACT: We examine the link between firms’ stock repurchase activity and the presence of earnings per share (EPS) performance conditions in executive compensation contracts. Findings reveal a strong positive association between repurchases and EPS-contingent compensation arrangements. Further analysis suggests net benefits to shareholders from this association. Specifically, repurchasers experience larger increases in total payouts; the positive association between repurchases and cash performance is more pronounced for firms with EPS targets in the presence of surplus cash; undervalued firms with EPS targets are more likely to signal mispricing through a repurchase; and repurchasers with EPS conditions are associated with lower abnormal accruals. We find no evidence that EPS-driven repurchases impose costs on shareholders in the form of investment myopia.
MOrtality of captive-raised malleefowl, Leipoa ocellata, released into a mallee remnant within the wheat-belt of New South Wales

Loss, fragmentation and degradation of mallee habitat within the New South Wales wheat-belt have caused a marked decline in the range and local abundance of malleefowl, Leipoa ocellata. Small disjunct populations of malleefowl now occupy small isolated remnants of suitable habitat. and several of these populations have become locally extinct in recent times. Young captive-reared malleefowl(8-184 days old) were experimentally released in March and June 1988 into a 558-ha remnant of mallee vegetation. The remnant contained a small but declining population of rnalleefowl. From the first day after release, malleefowl were found dead, and mortality continued at a rapid rate until none remained alive. Of the 31 released, 16 (52%) were dead after 7 days, at least 22 (71%) were dead after 11 days, and none survived longer than 107 days. In all, 94% of malleefowl were killed by predators: 26-39% by raptors, and 55-68% by introduced predators, principally foxes, Vulpes vulpes. No improvement in survival was evident when malleefowl were given supplementary food. Relying principally on camouflage, young malleefowl have no effective defence or escape behaviour to evade ground-dwelling predators such as the fox. By imposing severe predation pressure on young malleefowl, foxes are likely to be curtailing recruitment into the breeding population. Such a situation must inevitably lead to the further localised extinction of small disjunct populations of malleefowl. Foxes are thus a major threat to the continuance of remnant populations of malleefowl within the wheat-belt of New South Wales.
Characterization and determination of chlorogenic acids (CGA) in coffee beans by UV-Vis spectroscopy

In this research characterization and method for determination of CGA in green and roasted coffee beans have been reported by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The optical transition properties and solvent effects of CGA were measured in different polar-solvents. After characterization of the electron transition of the standard solutions, a method was developed for UV-Vis spectrophotometer determination of CGA in coffee beans. The method was resolved (deconvoluted), the overlapped spectra of CGA and caffeine using dichloromethane and a direct determination of CGA from the residue of the extraction, at peak height. The validations of the methods are limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, recovery study and precision calculated as coefficients of variation. The obtained results were in excellent agreement with those obtained with HPLC method, verified by the student t-test at 95% confidence level.
ON THE BIODIVERSITY OF SULFIDIC KARST HABITATS

Recognition of the metabolic process of chemosynthesis has recently overthrown the ecological dogma that all life on earth is dependent on sunlight. In complete darkness, complex ecosystems can be sustained by the energy and nutrients provided by chemosynthetic microorganisms. Many of these chemosynthetically-based ecosystems result from microbial manipulation of energy-rich sulfur compounds that can be found in high concentrations in groundwater. Subsurface environments in general can be highly stressful habitats (i.e., darkness, limited food, etc.), but in the case of sulfidic groundwater habitats, organisms must also tolerate and adapt to different stresses (e.g., toxic levels of gases or lethally low oxygen concentrations). Nevertheless, these habitats, and specifically cave and karst aquifers, have a richly diverse fauna. This review focuses on the biodiversity (as the number and types of species) of sulfur-based cave and karst aquifer systems. The relationships among ecosystem productivity, biodiversity, and habitat and ecosystem stresses are explored. The relatively high numbers of species and complex trophic levels could be attributed to the rich and plentiful, chemosyntheticallyproduced food source that has permitted organisms to survive in and to adapt to harsh habitat conditions. The geologic age and the hydrological and geochemical stability of the cave and karst aquifer systems may have also influenced the types of ecosystems observed. However, similar to non-sulfidic karst systems, more descriptions of the functional roles of karst aquifer microbes and macroscopic organisms are needed. As subterranean ecosystems are becoming increasingly more impacted by environmental and anthropogenic pressures, this review and the questions raised within it will lead to an improved understanding of the vulnerability, management, and sustainability challenges facing these unique ecosystems.
Estimating the Average Treatment Effect of Social Safety Net Programmes in Bangladesh

Abstract Since the famine in 1974, the Bangladesh government and some national and international agencies have been providing food, or cash, or both, to poor households through the Social Safety Net programmes. I seek to estimate how much these programmes affect the well-being of poor households. Most previous studies have estimated impacts of these programmes on calorie consumption, simply computing the raw differential. However, both observed and unobserved characteristics bias this treatment effect. Using fuzzy regression discontinuity (RD) design, I control for these selection effects.
Effects of Protein and Energy Feeding on Ovine Oocyte Production and Developmental Capacity

A study was conducted to determine the effects of protein and energy on oocyte production in ewes. Eighty-one multiparous whiteface ewes were randomly divided into three feeding treatments, and penned in groups of three, which served as the experimental unit. Ewes were placed on one of three feeding treatments, wheat hay (maintenance), mixed grain with added protein, or mixed grain with added energy. Ewes were fed for 35 d then ovaries were removed, trimmed, weighed, lacerated, and rinsed with TL Hepes. Recovered oocytes were graded and matured in the incubator for 24 h in 5% CO2 at 38.5°C. Following incubation, oocytes were removed, rinsed and activated to begin development. Oocytes were incubated in a blood gas mixture for 7 d and evaluated at d 4 and d 7 for cleavage rates and morula formation. Results yielded no difference (P > 0.05) among feeding treatments with respect to ovarian weights, oocyte numbers, quality scores, or developmental rates.
Unpacking the potential of educational gaming: A new tool for gaming research

The article begins by reviewing the theoretical bases for the contention that advanced computer-based educational gaming can provide powerful learning experiences, and overviews the limited research on the use of such games. Although studies to date have generally supported their value, most of the published investigations have methodological limitations. Critical process data are typically not collected, and unreliable student and teacher self-reports are heavily relied on in evaluating the educational efficacy of many games. To address these and other limitations, the authors have developed research software that can remotely and unobtrusively record screen activity during game play in classroom settings together with synchronized audio of player discussion. A field trial of this data collection system in which 42 college students were studied as they played a coursework-related Web-based learning game is described, and the article discusses how the trial outcomes concretely demonstrate the methodological advantages the tool offers researchers.
Socio-Economic Characteristics of Farming Community and Food Security Situation in Punjab, Pakistan

Despite the availability of ample food and reasonably low food prices, food insecurity prevailed in many developing countries in 1970s. The paradigm shift in 1980s from supply to demand side of food security underlined the entitlement or access to food as the center of mainstream research. Current study is the findings of the data collected from household level survey regarding socio-economic and food insecurity conditions in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The descriptive analysis and cross tabulation of the household data revealed that household assets, house building material, size of agricultural farms, ownership of tractor, farm livestock were associated with food security conditions of the farming community. The data results also confirmed that the poorer families made major expenditure on the food out of total household expenditure every month. It was also revealed that households in the irrigated regions of Punjab have better entitlement as compared with households surveyed from Thal (desert) and rain-fed regions. The daily consumption of eggs, milk and various forms of meat was found below daily recommended nutritional requirements in most of the households. This study confirms the findings of the earlier surveys made in this regard and highlights the demand side of food insecurity issues in Punjab province of Pakistan. Food security policies in Pakistan should focus entitlement and food access of farming households. The household and farm assets need to be built for reducing vulnerability of poorer farming community to food insecurity in Pakistan.
Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit THE “ RISK GAP ” , ITS DETERMINANTS AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS

Demography and economics are linked and it is not possible to look at either discipline in complete isolation from the other. The gap between the time of first sex and first marriage is of particular importance, as this is the time when a person is most vulnerable to infection with HIV/AIDS as well as unwanted pregnancies. This gap is thus referred to as the risk gap. Both these phenomena are extremely costly. The risk gap in South Africa is growing due to the duel impact of delayed marriages and sexual encounters which take place at an increasingly early age. There is a positive relationship between the provincial HIV/AIDS prevalence rate and the provincial risk gap. This suggests that by manipulating the risk gap, government may have a tool that could be used to affect the HIV/AIDS level in South Africa.
DYNAMIC ASSIGNMENT OF DEDICATED AND FLEXIBLE SERVERS IN TANDEM LINES

Consider a system of queuing stations in tandem having both flexible servers (who are capable of working at multiple stations) and dedicated servers (who can only work at the station to which they are dedicated). We study the dynamic assignment of servers to stations in such systems with the goal of maximizing the long-run average throughput. We also investigate how the number of flexible servers influences the throughput and compare the improvement that is obtained by cross-training another server (i.e., increasing flexibility) with the improvement obtained by adding a resource (i.e., a new server or a buffer space). Finally, we show that having only one flexible server is sufficient for achieving near-optimal throughput in certain systems with moderate to large buffer sizes (the optimal throughput is attained by having all servers flexible). Our focus is on systems with generalist servers who are equally skilled at all tasks, but we also consider systems with arbitrary service rates.
Effect of Nurse's Professionalism on Customer Orientation, Job Satisfaction and Service Delivery Level in Specialty Hospital

The main purpose of this study is to examine a influence factor of professionalism which is effected on nurse`s customer orientation, job satisfaction and service delivery level in specialty hospitals. And this study has reviewed the theoretical background of specialty hospital system, professionalism, customer orientation, job satisfaction and service delivery level, and set up the hypothesis to test the relations with nurse`s professionalism, customer orientation, job satisfaction and service delivery level. Data were collected from 142 nurses in 6 specialty hospitals in the Seoul region using a standardized questionnaire. For reliability and appropriateness, Cronbach and factor analysis and SPSS 12.0K for the actual proof were used. The research findings are summarized below. The professionalism influences positively on the customer orientation and the job satisfaction while it does not on the service delivery level. Also, the customer orientation influences positively on the service delivery level, it does not influence positively on the service delivery level as the research is analyzed. Therefore, the courses that are emphasizing the customer satisfaction and the importance of service should be included in the curriculum of the Department of Nursing Science and the nurses in active service at speciality hospitals should be trained persistently for the importance of customer management.
Antimicrobial Properties and Lactase Activities from Selected Probiotic Lactobacillus brevis Associated With Green Cacao Fermentation in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Lactase activity is very important enzyme for Lactose Intolerant people. The lactic acid bacteria selected for use as Probiotic bacteria should be able to tolerate many organotoxic or heavy metal toxicities in intestine at least for 90 minute, attach to the epithelium, and grow in the lower intestinal tract before they can start providing any health benefits. The Green varieties of cacao fruits were used for cacao bean fermentation. The cacao bean covers with white pulp containing fructose, e.g. 42 mg/g, glucose 24 mg/g and sucrose 21 mg/g, as carbon source of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). Screening of LAB was carried out after 24-36 h during spontaneous fermentation. This paper aims to find potential LAB resistant acid pH and producing potential antimicrobial and showing high protease/lactase activities. The medium of de Man, Ragosa, and Sharpe (MRS) were used to screen LAB, and 63 colonies were found. The screening of isolates is based on LAB survival growth in acid pH ranges (2.0; 2.5 and 3.0) and body temperature (37°C). For Antimicrobial experiments were used pathogen bacterial E. coli and Salmonela (Unand Collection) as indicator strain. Six isolate were conformed as strong antimicrobial and selected as potential for producing protease (lactase) using specific Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA) medium. The isolate G3 and G6 were selected for further enzyme protease delivered with 2% Skim Milk as a protein subsrate. The results showed, the maximum amount of protease activity potential from isolate G6 in acid pH (3.0) were calculated as 0.0088 and protease activity 1.1795 Unit/mL, while the optimum of protease activity was found at pH (6.0) calculated protease activity 3.150 Unit/mL. This study could explain the possibility of using potential isolate G6 LAB as Probiotic for dairy or food Industry and supplement tablet. There is no report so far concerning this topic and potential isolate G6, with high antimicrobial or wide pH of protease. The study will continue to purify antimicrobial Bacteriocin and amino acid structure determination. The G6 isolate was 95% polymorphism with Lactobacillus brevis.