Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ontogeny of the pericarp of Serjania communis Camb. and Urvillea ulmacea Kunth (Sapindaceae) with emphasis on the dispersion apparatus

The pericarp development of Serjania communis Camb. and Urvillea ulmacea Kunth was described to expand the structural knowledge of Sapindaceae fruit. Ovaries and fruits were analyzed with usual techniques in plant anatomy. Ovary is structurally similar and the occurrence of glandular and non-glandular trichomes varies between species. In S. communis, the samaroid schizocarp has proximal wings and distal cavities; in U. ulmacea , the fruit presents septicidal and septifragal passive dehiscence and each seed chamber presents a dorsal wing. The unistratified exocarp has long pluricellular, uniseriate and sparse trichomes in U. ulmacea . The mesocarp is spongy, parenchymatous and in S. communis it presents three distinguished regions. Dorsal, lateral and ventral vascular bundles are more developed in S. communis and fiber caps on the phloem in the lateral bundles have an important role on the mericarp separation. The endocarp derives from the adaxial meristem and its oblique and tangentially elongated cells become lignified. The wings originate from a more active meristem – at the ovarian edges – and by intense divisions of ovarian mesophyll in this region. Fruit of U. ulmacea can represent a transition state between the samaroid schizocarp formed by Serjania and the septifragal capsule produced by Cardiospermum .
Interaction between adaptor proteins Ruk/CIN85 and Tks4 in normal and tumor cells of different tissue origins

Aim. To study the interaction of adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 SH3 domains with endogenous adaptor protein Tks4 in normal and tumor cells of different tissue origins. Methods. GST in vitro pull-down assay was performed using total cell lysates of cell lines of different origins. Results. Using GST in vitro pull-down assay, we have determined that SH3A domain of adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 precipitated full-length form of adaptor protein Tks4 (M r 120 kDa) from lysates of human breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231), melanoma (MM-4), colon (HT-29, DLD-1) tumor cells as well as from lysates of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC) and fibroblasts (NIH 3T3). It has been also revealed that all Ruk/CIN85 SH3 domains (A, B and C) with high efficiency precipitate the additional forms of Tks4 with M r 75, 90 and 160 kDa from lysates of human colon carcinoma cells and mouse fibroblasts. The molecular nature of new multiple forms of Tks4 has not been determined to date. Conclusions. New multiple molecular forms of adaptor protein Tks4 with M r 75, 90 and 160 kDa, able to interact with high affinity with SH3 domains of Ruk/CIN85, were identified using GST in vitro pull-down assay. The data obtained suggest that interaction between Ruk/CIN85 SH3 domains with Tks4 endogenous forms is determined by cellular context while a level of this interaction can be regulated in the course of physiological cellular responses.
Marketing Strategies for Overcoming Consumer Resistance to Innovations

Eliminating the production of old goods and refreshing the product assortment by developing and introducing innovations is one of the means to increase competitiveness of an enterprise. The process of new product development and its introduction to the market stipulates taking into consideration consumer needs. At the same time, introduction of a new product to the market is usually closely associated with a certain degree of resistance on the part of consumers. Especially when the product is highly innovative, consumers experience risks and technological fears related to the idea of purchasing and using this product. Modelling consumer behaviour and consumer reaction to a new product as well as developing marketing strategies that would contribute to introduction of a new product to the market is helpful when solving the problem of rejecting the innovation and increasing the possibility of its success. The present article aims at: investigating the causes of slow consumer acceptance of innovation; systematization and determining the main features concerning new marketing approaches to overcoming consumer resistance to the use of a new product and its functional applications; discussing marketing strategies for decreasing fears in decisions related to the new product purchase.
Kinetic characterisation of respiratory carbon pools in a grassland ecosystem

To characterise the kinetic properties of the respiratory substrate supply in a grassland ecosystem, the relative contributions and turnover of the main carbon sources were investigated. A precise and accurate 13CO2/12CO2 labelling technology was developed, which is suitable for application in the field with minimal disturbance of carbon allocation. It was demonstrated with a soil CO2 transport model, that differences between belowground respiratory CO2 production and soil CO2 efflux were critical for the accuracy of respiration measurements. The kinetic characteristics of autotrophic respiration observed in the field were consistent with current understanding of plant and canopy respiration gained with experiments in controlled environments.
The effect of feedback after good and poor trials on the continuous motor tasks learning

Background: Although the useful effects of motivational feedback on the motor skills learning have been proven, a study focusing on the effects of feedback after good and poor trials in continuous motor tasks has not been conducted. Objective: The purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of feedback after good versus poor trials on continuous motor tasks learning among novices. Methods: Eighteen right-handed students (age 24.66 ± 1.35 years) were randomly divided in two groups (7 males and 2 females each) of good trial and poor trials. All participants completed 11 blocks of 6 trials for a total of 66 practice trials in line-tracking task. After each block of 6 trials, participants in the "feedback after good trials" group received feedback on their 3 best trials in that block, whereas those in the "feedback after poor trials" group received feedback on their 3 poorest trials in the block. The practice was conducted in a day and a retention test was administered after 48 hours. Results: Our findings showed that feedback after good trials versus poor trials is significantly better for learning continuous motor tasks and performance (p < .05). Conclusions: The findings of the present study highlight the motivational role of feedback in learning and performance of a continuous motor task.
PREVENTION OF BROILER CHICK COCCIDIOSIS USING THE INACTIVATED SUBUNIT VACCINE COXABIC

The efficacy of the vaccination of breeding hens in the prevention of coccidiosis of broiler chicks hatched from eggs laid by hens immunized with CoxAbic ® vaccine in comparison to broiler chicks coming from non-vaccinated hens was examined. Breeders were vaccinated 8 and 4 weeks before the beginning of egg laying. The level of Eimeria antibodies was determined using ELISA: in hen sera before and after the vaccination and in chick sera at the first day of age. One hundred and fifty six one-day-old chicks were divided into 4 groups: group 1- chicks from vaccinated hens and groups 2, 3, 4 - chicks from non-vaccinated hens . Chicks of groups 1, 2 and 3 were maintained in pens on concrete floor and chicks of group 4 in cages with wire net floor. One seeder chick in each pen was inoculated by oral gavage at 1 d of age with 50 oocysts each of 3 coccidia species: E. maxima, E. acervulina, E. tenella. Broilers of group 3 were fed diet containing diclazuril At age of 34 d the broilers were challenged with sporulated oocysts (300 000 E. acervulina,150 000 E. maxima, 60 000 E. tenella per bird). Six d after challenge intestinal lesion scores were recorded. It was demonstrated that CoxAbic ® vaccine used to vaccinate breeders protected their progeny against coccidiosis caused by 3 coccidian species. The level of Eimeria antibodies estimated in sera of chicks coming from vaccinated breeders was significantly higher than that in chicks coming from non-vaccinated ones. Broilers from vaccinated breeders were characterized by the lowest lesion score after challenge.
Towards a Consistent Segmentation Level across Multiple Chinese Word Segmentation Corpora

One of the crucial problems facing current Chinese natural language processing (NLP) is the ambiguity of word boundaries, which raises many further issues, such as different word segmentation standards and the prevalence of out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words. We assume that such issues can be better handled if a consistent segmentation level is created among multiple corpora. In this paper, we propose a simple strategy to transform two different Chinese word segmentation (CWS) corpora into a new consistent segmentation level, which enables easy extension of the training data size. The extended data is verified to be highly consistent by 10-fold cross-validation. In addition, we use a synthetic word parser to analyze the internal structure information of the words in the extended training data to convert the data into a more fine-grained standard. Then we use two-stage Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) to perform finegrained segmentation and chunk the segments back to the original Peking University (PKU) or Microsoft Research (MSR) standard. Due to the extension of the training data and reduction of the OOV rate in the new fine-grained level, the proposed system achieves state-of-the-art segmentation recall and F-score on the PKU and MSR corpora.
Bilingualism, Gender, and Friendship: Constructing Second Language Learners in an English Dominant Kindergarten.

This article draws on data collected during a year-long ethnographic study of six Spanish-dominant English language learners, enrolled in both English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) and Spanish Transitional Bilingual Education (TBE) "pull-out" programs, in an English kindergarten classroom. The study is based on a theoretical framework that conceptualizes language as the site of social meaning construction and power negotiations. It argues that a focus on effective second language instruction and language acquisition alone are inadequate for understanding and addressing complex learning environments and the needs of language learners. Four broad research questions address the local meanings of bilingualism, gender, and friendship, and.how these ideologies, identities, and social relationships relevant to these sociallyconstructed discourses affect the Spanish-speaking students. Broad-, mid-, and micro-level analyses were conducted using standard interpretive analytic procedures. The study demonstrates how the meanings of these three local discourses and their inherent power dynamics shape students' identities, classroom participation, access to relationships, access to knowledge, and ultimately their investment in school. (Contains 86 references.) (Author/KFT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
A STOCHASTIC PARTICLE METHOD WITH RANDOM WEIGHTS FOR THE COMPUTATION OF STATISTICAL SOLUTIONS OF MCKEAN-VLASOV EQUATIONS

In the first part of this paper [7], we have proposed a stochastic particle method to compute statistical solutions of a McKean-Vlasov equation with random initial condition and we have empirically studied its convergence rate. In this second part, we estimate the convergence rate of our method in terms of the number of simulated particles and the time discretization step.
The Effect of Black Cumin Seeds, Nigella sativa, on the Immune Response of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Using of natural plants as immunostimulant in fish is more useful than antibacterial drugs that cause adversely side effects for fish, environment and consumers. Therefore, we investigated the effect of black cumin seeds, Nigella sativa, as a herbal medicine plant on some immuno-hematological parameters and specific as well as non-specific defence mechanisms of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish were fed with basal diet incorporated with 1, 2.5 and 5% Nigella sativa for 21 days. At the end of experiment, the hematocrit (Hct), leukocyte levels, glass-adherent NBT positive cell activation, serum protein and total immunoglobulin level were determined in fish blood. No significant differences (P >0.05) were found in hematocrit levels of fish fed the diets containing 1 and 2.5% black cumin seeds, but it was significantly (P 0.05) when compared to the control group. The serum protein and total immunoglobulin levels were significantly (P <0.05) higher than those of the control group. In conclusion, based on the current findings together with the low cost and the immunostimulative effect of black cumin seed, it is recommended to be used in fish feed to minimize the mortalities caused by some pathogens.
Turbulence Amplitude Modulation in an Externally Forced , Subsonic Turbulent Boundary Layer

This paper describes an experiment in which a forced shear layer external to a turbulent boundary layer is used to impart external large-scale forcing to the boundary layer. The shear-layer forcing creates periodic coherent vortical structures in the shear layer that convect at the shear-layer convective velocity. The convecting coherent structures create a concomitant unsteady pressure field that provides a disturbance for the turbulent boundary layer on the upper wall of the tunnel above the forced shear layer. The unsteady pressure field in turn creates a variation of the effective freestream velocity experienced by the boundary layer, and both the pressure disturbance and the concomitant velocity fluctuations are reported. The character of the turbulence in the boundary layer due to the external forcing is studied through hot-wire anemometry. Thorough examination of the turbulence results in similarities between the turbulence amplitude modulation results due to these externally-forced experiments and modulation response of an internally-forced boundary layer done by others.
Caffeine blocks cholesterol-enriched diet induced AD-like pathology in rabbits

The pathogenesis of sporadic AD is believed to result from complex interactions between nutritional, environmental, epigenetic and genetic factors. Among those factors, elevated plasma cholesterol, independent of APOE genotypes, is strongly linked to the pathogenesis of sporadic AD, whereas chronic ingestion of caffeine is protective against sporadic AD. Others and we have shown that rabbits-fed cholesterol-enriched diet exhibit early AD-like pathological features including bloodbrain barrier (BBB) leakage and endolysosome dysfunction, as well as, AD-like pathological hallmarks including synaptic disruption, increased intraneuronal and brain deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ), and tau pathology. Further, we found that caffeine protects against the cholesterol-induced increases in BBB permeability. Here, we determined the extent to which caffeine affects cholesterol-enriched diet-induced increases in other pathological features of AD. We demonstrated that caffeine administration at low and moderate doses did not affect plasma levels of cholesterol, but did block significantly cholesterol-enriched diet-induced increases in brain levels of apoB and accumulation of apoB in neuronal endolysosomes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that caffeine administration at the two doses blocked cholesterol-enriched diet-induced abnormal accumulation of synaptophysin, Aβ, and phosphorylated tau in endolysosomes. Our findings suggest that caffeine exerts its protective effects against the development of sporadic AD-like pathological features, in part, by preventing the entrance of LDL cholesterol into brain parenchyma, the accumulation of LDL-cholesterol in neuronal endolysosomes, and structural and functional changes to endolysosomes. Correspondence to: Xuesong Chen, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline St., Room 112, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA, Tel: (701) 777-0919, Fax: (701) 777-0387; E-mail: xuesong. chen@med.und. edu
The Globalisation of Marriage Fields: The Swedish Case

Marriage fields—the geographical areas where people meet to partner—traditionally tend to be relatively small and local. Increasing international travel and the use of the internet have broadened the geographical opportunity structure of potential partners. This increases the chances of meeting a partner from abroad, possibly resulting in a rise in international marriage migration. This paper uses unique longitudinal population data for the whole of Sweden to explore the globalisation of Swedish marriage fields. The results show an increase of ‘marriage migrants’ in Sweden between 1990 and 2004, although absolute numbers remain relatively low. The paper yields two new insights not previously recorded in the literature. First, we found a substantial proportion of all marriage migrants in Sweden to be males, while most existing literature on marriage migration focuses almost exclusively on females. Second, the pattern of geographical origins of marriage migrants is highly gendered, with male and female marriage migrants in Sweden originating from different regions in the world. This suggests that different mechanisms underlie male and female marriage migration.
The design of a semantic differential scale for measuring the psychosocial well-being of students

This article describes the construction and standardisation of a semantic differential scale for measuring and quantifying the psychosocial well-being of students. The respondents rate the following aspects of their childhood years: emotional support while growing up, socio-economic background, whether they grew up in an environment conducive to learning, and the presence of depression in the family. Regarding the students' current life situation, the scale measures the degree of relationship and economic problems experienced by the students, the presence of depression, and concerns regarding HIV and AIDS. Die ontwerp van 'n semanties differensiele skaal om die psigososiale welstand van studente te meet Hierdie artikel beskryf die konstruksie en standaardisering van 'n semanties differensiele skaal wat die psigososiale welstand van studente meet en kwantifiseer. Die respondente beoordeel die volgende aspekte rakende hul kinderdae: emosionele ondersteuning, sosio-ekonomiese agtergrond, die teenwoordigheid van 'n leerstimulerende omgewing en die voorkoms van depressie in die gesin. Wat die studente se huidige lewensomstandighede betref, meet die skaal die voorkoms van verhoudings- en ekonomiese probleme, die voorkoms van depressie, en die vrees vir die opdoen van MIV.
Is Now the Time to Add Commodities to Your Portfolio?

With the recent increase in equity volatility, commodity investments have garnered significant attention from investors. Previous research has found substantial benefits associated with commodity investments, but there remains considerable uncertainty regarding the consistency and general applicability of those benefits for equity investors. This article provides evidence that helps to resolve some of the uncertainty with regard to commodity investments. Specifically, based on a sample period of 36 years, it shows substantial benefits to commodity investments regardless of the equity style an investor pursues. Obtaining a significant benefit, however, requires a commodity allocation greater than 5%. Interestingly, adding a commodity exposure enhances an equity portfolio’s return only during periods when the Federal Reserve is increasing interest rates, which is consistent with the belief that a major attraction of commodities is that they serve as an inflation hedge. Furthermore, an allocation to commodities in a tactical asset allocation using monetary conditions consistently outperforms both a strategic commodities allocation and an all-equity portfolio.
MINIMUM COST ESTIMATION OF GENERATION EXPANSION PLANNING INCORPORATING WIND POWER PLANT

The most significant planning bustle in the electric utilities is the Generation Expansion Planning (GEP). This paper aims to incorporate Wind Power Plant (WPP) as one among the candidate option in GEP and analyse the cost incurred to incorporate WPP as one of the candidate. The total cost consists of the Initial cost, Operation and maintenance cost, Outage cost and Salvage cost. Outage Cost is calculated based on Expected Energy Not Served (EENS). In this paper, equivalent energy function method is applied to compute EENS and to compute Loss of Load Probability (LOLP) which is considered as a reliability constraint. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique has been applied. The results obtained by PSO were compared with Dynamic Programming (DP) method. Addition of WPP to instead of conventional plants is expected to increase the total cost, and it is necessary to study the impact of such increase. The resulting cost and reliability indices variations were also reported.
Molecular diversity in Coffea canephora germplasm conserved and cultivated in Brazil

This work aimed to characterize accessions that represent the C. canephora germplasm conserved and cultivated in Brazil. A total of 130 accessions from germplasm banks of IAC (Sao Paulo), UFV (Minas Gerais) and also collected in plantations of the State of Espirito Santo and Rondonia were evaluated with a set of 20 new microsatellite primers. Multivariate methods were used to estimate the relationship among the accessions. High level of polymorphism and two major diversity clusters were identified. First cluster was composed by the accessions conserved in the IAC and UFV collections and the second was formed by accessions collected in areas under cultivation. Accessions from Espirito Santo and Rondonia were clear separated, composing two subclusters. Despite the great polymorphism found in Brazilian plantations, the diversity may be increased, because a new threshold in the genetic gains is expected on breeding programs with the intensification of the use of conserved germplasm.
Distinguishing Features of Critical Thinking Classrooms

Critical thinking comes in many forms, but all possess a single core feature. They presume that human arguments require evaluation if they are to be worthy of widespread respect. Hence, critical thinking focuses on a set of skills and attitudes that enable a listener or reader to apply rational criteria to the reasoning of speakers and writer. Those classrooms that encourage critical thinking possess distinguishing features that assist programme evaluators and teachers themselves to assess whether critical thinking is a regular occurrence in a particular classroom. This article suggests that a critical thinking classroom commonly reflects the following attributes: frequent questions, developmental tension, fascination with the contingency of conclusions and active learning. These attributes reinforce one another to provide developmental stimuli for enhanced critical thinking.
The importance of import substitution in marathon economic impact analysis.

Marathon running has experienced considerable growth in recent years, fueled both by an increase in participation rates and by a corresponding increase in the number marathons staged each year. Because marathons have a presumed economic benefit, there also has been growth in the number of marathon-related economic impact studies. However, these studies calculate incorrectly, or omit altogether, an important source of impact: the impact generated when local runners use their home-city marathon as a substitute for participating in an alternative marathon out-of-town. Given that this pattern of behavior is common among marathon runners and the fact that local runners constitute a significant percentage of race participants in most marathons, errors in the treatment of locally based impact is an important problem that must be addressed. This study focuses on the proper way to account for locally sourced impact in marathon analysis, and presents a study of the 2006 Cincinnati Flying Pig Marathon to illustrate this methodology.