Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COP1, the Negative Regulator of p53, Is Overexpressed in Breast and Ovarian Adenocarcinomas

The tumor suppressor protein p53 plays a central role in protecting normal cells from undergoing transformation. Thus, it is fitting that cancer cells selectively dampen the p53 response to gain a selective growth advantage. In fact, the p53 gene is the most commonly mutated tumor suppressor gene in human cancers, and if the gene is not mutated, then other components of the p53 pathways are skewed to dampen the p53 response to stress. We recently identified COP1 as a novel and critical negative regulator of p53. COP1 is a RING finger-containing protein that targets p53 for degradation to the proteasome and is necessary for p53 turnover in normal and cancer cells. However, the association between COP1 and cancer remains to be determined. We performed expression analysis of COP1 in ovarian and breast cancer tissue microarrays. COP1 is significantly overexpressed in 81% (25 of 32) of breast and 44% (76 of 171) of ovarian adenocarcinoma as assessed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Overexpression of COP1 correlated with a striking decrease in steady state p53 protein levels and attenuation of the downstream target gene, p21, in cancers that retain a wild-type p53 gene status. Overall, these results suggest that overexpression of COP1 contributes to the accelerated degradation of p53 protein in cancers and attenuates the tumor suppressor function of p53.
PUBLIC MEDIA AND POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE: Lessons for the Future of Journalism from Around the World

of Free Press, and by our academic and journalistic colleagues around the globe (listed at the end of this report). The conclusions of this study, and any factual errors, are our own. Free Press is a national, nonpartisan, nonprofit organization working to reform the media. Through education, organizing and advocacy, we promote diverse and independent media ownership, strong public media, quality journalism, and universal access to communications. We live in paradoxical times. The core institutions and systems that have supported journalism in America for decades are weathering a perfect storm of challenges that have undercut our country's longstanding information infrastructure. At the same time, a new generation of news and journalism organizations are driving a renaissance in local reporting and reinvigorating our media system. This shifting media landscape has inspired a range of important reports and initiatives designed to help chart a course toward stronger journalism and media in America. A diverse set of stakeholders – policymakers, academics, foundations, nonprofits, and former and current journalists – have weighed what the future of journalism might look like and what it might take to get there. In report after report, America's public and noncommercial media sector has been held up as a core component to the future of hard-hitting, accountability journalism. All of the major reports released in 2009 and 2010 agreed that there is a vital role for public and noncommercial media to play, and that the federal government must work to strengthen and expand funding for it. 1 Together, these reports sparked inquiries at both the Federal Communications Commission and the Federal Trade Commission. However, too often the moderate proposals for federal funding and public media run into a wave of protest and knee-jerk reactions against any and all government action. In fact, government has always and will always influence how our media system functions, from the early newspaper postal subsidies to handing out broadcast licenses and subsidizing broadband deployment. The question is not if government should be involved, but how, and that is a question that demands an in-depth conversation, not a shouting match. Those concerned about government involvement in journalism have legitimate concerns about the ways federal funding can open the door to undue political pressure. While there is broad agreement that the current situation in American journalism is a classic case of market failure, remedial action has been stymied by the fear that any public policy cure …
Adult human progenitor cells from the temporal lobe: Another source of neuronal cells

Objectives: In the adult human brain, neurogenesis occurs in the SVZ and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, but it is still unclear whether persistent neural progenitor/stem cells are also present in other brain areas. The present work studies the possibility of obtaining neural progenitor/stem cells from the temporal lobe and investigates their potential to differentiate into neuronal cells. Methods: Human biopsies from the temporal lobe of epileptic patients were used to isolate potential neural progenitors. Differentiation was induced in the presence of different agents (NGF, NT3, RA) and immunocytochemistry was then performed for quantitative analysis. Results: It was shown that a significant number of cells in the temporal lobe are also capable of expansion and multi-potency. These cells can be amplified as neurospheres and have the potential to differentiate naturally in vitro into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Quantitative analyses show that the progenitor cells of the temporal lobe exhibit a better rate of neuronal differentiation in vitro than the cells from the SVZ, particularly in the presence of NGF. Conclusion: This study indicates that neural progenitors are also present in the human temporal lobe. Studying them could be of great interest for cell therapy in neurological disorders.
Blue Light Receptors and Signal Transduction Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.000646.

A plant blue light response was documented as early as 1881 by Darwin when he discovered what is now known as the blue light–induced phototropic response ([Darwin, 1881][1]). However, blue light receptors mediating phototropism and other photoresponses in plants have remained elusive until
Fungal Diversity in Permafrost and Tallgrass Prairie Soils under Experimental Warming Conditions

ABSTRACT Soil fungi play a major role in terrestrial ecosystem functioning through interactions with soil structure, plants, micro- and mesofauna, and nutrient cycling through predation, pathogenesis, mutualistic, and saprotrophic roles. The diversity of soil fungi was assessed by sequencing their 28S rRNA gene in Alaskan permafrost and Oklahoma tallgrass prairie soils at experimental sites where the effect of climate warming is under investigation. A total of 226,695 reads were classified into 1,063 genera, covering 62% of the reference data set. Using the Bayesian Classifier offered by the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) with 50% bootstrapping classification confidence, approximately 70% of sequences were returned as “unclassified” at the genus level, although the majority (∼65%) were classified at the class level, which provided insight into these lesser-known fungal lineages. Those unclassified at the genus level were subjected to BLAST analysis against the ARB-SILVA database, where ∼50% most closely matched nonfungal taxa. Compared to the more abundant sequences, a higher proportion of rare operational taxonomic units (OTU) were successfully classified to genera at 50% bootstrap confidence, indicating that the fungal rare biosphere in these sites is not composed of sequencing artifacts. There was no significant effect after 1 year of warming on the fungal community structure at both sites, except perhaps for a few minor members, but there was a significant effect of sample depth in the permafrost soils. Despite overall significant community structure differences driven by variations in OTU dominance, the prairie and permafrost soils shared 90% and 63% of all fungal sequences, respectively, indicating a fungal “seed bank” common between both sites.
‘Public–Private Entanglement’: Entrepreneurship in Lebanon’s Hybrid Political Order

Abstract While the literature is clear that political influence and clientelism characterises the investment decisions of entrepreneurs and the performance of their firms when governance is weak, it is less understood how governance systems and entrepreneurs interact, particularly when governance is of a hybrid nature. We address this issue in this paper by studying how entrepreneurs obtain access to electricity in Lebanon, showing that the hybrid political order imposes a high cost on electricity. We furthermore find that a hybrid political order channels entrepreneurial talent into lobbying and bribery. The key constraint that emerges from the hybrid political order in this case is the corrupt organisation of governance of the electricity sector. This results in higher prices (because bribes for contracts have to be earned back) in entrenchment of oligopolies, because contracts often come with political protection.
Trend Inflation and Firms Price-Setting: Rotemberg vs. Calvo

We compare two widely used pricing assumptions in the New-Keynesian literature: the Calvo and Rotemberg price-setting mechanisms. We show that, once trend in? ation is taken into account, the two models are very different. i) The long-run relationship between inflation and output is positive in the Rotemberg model and negative in the Calvo model. ii) The log-linearized NKPCs are very different and the dynamics of the two models differs even to a first order approximation. iii) Positive trend inflation enlarges the determinacy region in the Rotemberg model, while it shrinks the determinacy region in the Calvo model. iv) The responses of output and inflation to a positive technology shock are amplified by trend inflation in Calvo, while they are damped in Rotemberg. v) The two models imply a different non-linear adjustment after a disinflation.
Reduced serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in adrenal incidentalomas: a marker of adrenocortical tumour

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Reduced serum levels of dehydroeplandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) have been shown In patients with Cushing's syndrome resulting from adrenocortical adenoma, In contrast with normal DHEAS levels In patients with Cushing's disease. The elm of this study was to verify whether patients with incidentally discovered adrenocortical adenomas also have reduced levels of DHEAS.
Design of vibration exciter by using permanent magnets for application to piezoelectric energy harvesting

We designed a piezoelectric energy harvesting system that can shift the resonant frequency to match the fixed external energy frequency. A permanent magnet (10 × 10 × 5 mm3) was attached to the free end of a cantilever beam, and a permanent magnet was attached to each of the four faces of a rotor at 90° angles. The effect of the size of the permanent magnets (40 × 20 × 10 mm3, 30 × 20 × 10 mm3, and 20 × 20 × 10 mm3) and the effect of the pole array distribution (NNNN, SSSS, NSNS, and NNSS) were experimentally investigated. The optimum conditions were determined by testing various distances between the magnets at different rpm's. The experiments showed that the maximum output power was generated for the minimum distance and largest magnet. The most effective approach to adjust the resonance frequency was to change the pole arrays of the magnets attached to the rotor. Furthermore, the optimum conditions were determined at each distance by changing the pole array and rpm. Software simulations support the experimental results.
MODULATION OF HUMAN CYTOCHROME P450 1B1 EXPRESSION BY 2,4,3′,5′-TETRAMETHOXYSTILBENE

We have previously shown that 2,4,3′,5′-tetramethoxystilbene (TMS), a synthetic trans-stilbene analog, is one of the most potently selective inhibitors of recombinant human cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) in vitro. In the present studies, the effects of TMS on CYP1B1 expression were investigated in human cancer cells. TMS significantly inhibited CYP1-mediated 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation activity in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced MCF-7 cells or lung microsomes of Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. TCDD-stimulated CYP1B1 protein and mRNA expression was significantly suppressed by TMS in a concentration-dependent manner in MCF-7, MCF-10A, and HL-60 cells. Whereas TMS down-regulated TCDD-induced CYP1B1 gene expression, the levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator mRNA expression were not changed by TMS treatment. In human cancer cells, TMS induced apoptotic cell death, and the cytotoxic effects of TMS were significant when the cells were incubated with TCDD. CYP1B1 was able to convert TMS to a metabolite(s) when incubated with NADPH. Metabolic activation of TMS by CYP1B1 induced by TCDD may mediate cellular toxicity of TMS in human cancer cells because the sensitivity to TMS in MCF-7 cells treated with TCDD was more significant than in HL-60 cells treated with TCDD. Taken together, our results indicate that TMS acts as a strong modulator of CYP1B1 gene expression as well as a potent selective inhibitor in vitro. The ability of TMS to induce apoptotic cell death in tumor cells, as well as CYP1B1 inhibition, may contribute to its usefulness for cancer chemoprevention.
Effects of red light on sleep inertia

Introduction: Sleep inertia, broadly defined as decrements in performance and lowering of alertness following waking, lasts for durations ranging between 1 min and 3 hrs. This study investigated whether, compared to a dim light condition (the control), exposure to long-wavelength (red) light delivered to closed eyelids during sleep (red light mask) and to eyes open upon waking (red light goggles) reduced sleep inertia. Methods: Thirty participants (18 females, 12 males; mean age=30.4 years [SD 13.7]) completed this crossover, within-subjects, counterbalanced design study. Self-reported measures of sleepiness and objective measures of auditory performance and cortisol levels were collected on 3 Friday nights over the course of 3 consecutive weeks. Results: Performance improved significantly during the 30-min data collection period in all experimental conditions. Subjective sleepiness also decreased significantly with time awake in all experimental conditions. As hypothesized, performance of some tasks was significantly better in the red light mask condition than in the dim light condition. Performance scores in the red light goggles condition improved significantly after a few minutes of wearing the light goggles. Discussion: The results show that saturated red light delivered through closed eyelids at levels that do not suppress melatonin can be used to mitigate sleep inertia upon waking.
Trajectories of preschool disorders to full DSM depression at school age and early adolescence: continuity of preschool depression.

OBJECTIVE Preschool-onset depression, a developmentally adapted form of depression arising between ages 3 and 6, has demonstrated numerous validated features, including characteristic alterations in stress reactivity and brain function. This syndrome is characterized by subthreshold DSM criteria for major depressive disorder, raising questions about its clinical significance. To clarify the utility and public health significance of the preschool-onset depression construct, the authors investigated diagnostic outcomes of preschool children at school age and in adolescence. METHOD In a longitudinal prospective study of preschool children, the authors assessed the likelihood of meeting full criteria for major depressive disorder at age 6 or later as a function of preschool depression, other preschool axis I disorders, maternal history of depression, nonsupportive parenting, and traumatic life events. RESULTS Preschool-onset depression emerged as a robust predictor of major depressive disorder in later childhood even after accounting for the effect of maternal history of depression and other risk factors. Preschool-onset conduct disorder also predicted major depression in later childhood, but this association was partially mediated by nonsupportive parenting, reducing by 21% the effect of preschool conduct disorder in predicting major depression. CONCLUSIONS Study findings provide evidence that this preschool depressive syndrome is a robust risk factor for developing full criteria for major depression in later childhood, over and above other established risk factors. The results suggest that attention to preschool depression and conduct disorder in addition to maternal history of depression and exposure to trauma may be important in identifying young children at highest risk for later major depression and applying early interventions.
Clinical characteristics of idiopathic ulcerative colitis in children.

INTRODUCTION Idiopathic ulcerative colitis (IUC) represents a rare disease of childhood. It usually occurs at age over 10 years, and below that exceptionally rarely. OBJECTIVE The aim of the paper was to analyze the clinical signs, symptoms and therapeutic procedures in children with IUC. METHODS The aims of the paper were based on a sample of 17 children (11 male and 6 female, mean age 11.90 +/- 3.50 years; range 3.8-17.5 years) with IUC. The disease diagnosis was based on characteristic endoscopic and pathohistological findings. RESULTS The basic signs of the disease involved chronic mucosal haemorrhagic diarrhoea which was confirmed in 16 of 17 patients, with body weight deficiency (10), recurrent abdominal pain (6), fever (5), slowed-down maturation (5), marked anorexia (4), and tenesmus (3). Two patients had recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 2 anal fissures, 2 arthralgia, one autoimmune hepatitis and one pyoderma gangrenosum. None of the children had longitudinal growth retardation. Elevated sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in blood were registered in 11, sideropenia in 10, anaemia in 6 and hypoalbuminemia in 3 patients. The remission of proctosigmoiditis and left-sided colitis was achieved with aminosalicylates, and of pancolitis with the combination of aminosalicylates and glucocorticoids, except in cases of steroid-dependent colitis, which additionally required azathioprine. CONCLUSION The main signs of IUC in children are chronic mucous haemorrhagic diarrhoea, body weight loss and sideropenic anaemia, while the basic therapy consists of aminosalicylates, and in more severe cases of the disease the initial use of glucocorticoids and later azathioprine.
Retinoic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide promote efficient delivery of transgenes to mouse skin by topically transdermal penetration

Simple and efficient gene transfer to the skin would facilitate many local and systemic gene therapy applications. This study reports a novel approach that allows expression of plasmid DNA in epidermis and hair follicle cells with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) after pre-treatment with depilation and retinoic acid (RA) for the purposes of gene therapy. This study investigated the transdermal efficacy of gene to mouse skin when utilizing DMSO after RA pre-treatment. Retinoic acid pre-treatment can increase the efficiency of transfection. This finding indicates that one can more effectively and much less expensively make use of genes therapy to treat diseases of the hair and skin.
Validation of Clinical Measurement of Kyphosis With a Simple Instrument, the Arcometer

Study Design. Evaluation of concordance between different clinical surface measurements and radiographic measurements of kyphosis. Objectives. To validate a new instrument, the Arcometer, in the clinical assessment of kyphosis. Summary of Background Data. Although a few instruments are available that are designed to study the spine in the sagittal plane, they usually are not simple to use, and radiographic concordance data, when reported, are not optimal. Methods. One hundred forty‐five outpatients with different degrees of kyphosis were submitted to 1) spinal radiography and Arcometer evaluation (32 patients, 53 measurements); 2) Arcometer evaluation by two different observers (95 patients, 123 measurements); and 3) Arcometer evaluation by the same observer at two different times (16 patients, 56 measurements). Results. The mean difference between the radiographic and Arcometer values was 2.9°, whereas the interobserver difference was 1.1° and intraobserver difference was 0.1°; the linear correlation between the first and the second measurement in the three groups was higher than 0.98. However, the standard deviation was rather wide‐ 8.8° in sample one, 5.6° in sample two, and 5.7° in sample three. Conclusions. The Arcometer is a practical and reasonably reliable instrument. However, there is considerable disagreement with radiography and some interobserver and intraobserver variability. The arcometer may be useful in following patients with known kyphosis and in the general population screening to decrease x‐ray exposure.
Low and Nontoxic Levels of Ionic Mercury Interfere With the Regulation of Cell Growth in the WEHI‐231 B‐Cell Lymphoma

WEHI‐231 is a mouse B‐cell line, which is a well‐established model for studying signal transduction in B lymphocytes, normally responding to cross‐linking of the B‐cell receptor (BCR) complex by the rapid upregulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity, followed by increased intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C. In WEHI‐231, activation of protein kinase C is functionally associated with downregulation of DNA synthesis, followed by the induction of apoptosis. We have found in WEHI‐231, that at low and environmentally relevant exposure levels (0.1 μm) mercury is not toxic, but still interferes with signal transduction in that it attenuates the growth inhibitory effects of BCR cross‐linking. The molecular target for mercury resulting in attenuation of the BCR‐mediated growth inhibitory signal is likely proximal to activation of the BCR complex, as HgCl2 had no effect on the negative growth signal generated downstream by direct activation of protein kinase C with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate. Treatment of WEHI‐231 cells with high and toxic concentrations of Hg results in a marked increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation in a great many proteins; whereas treatment of WEHI‐231 cells with 0.1 μm mercury is not toxic. Under these conditions mercury selectively perturbed BCR‐mediated protein tyrosine phosphorylation of a 75 kDa protein, without grossly affecting tyrosine phosphorylation levels of most other proteins. These data suggest that low levels of mercury, which are not toxic, may still contribute to immune dysfunction by interfering with antigen‐receptor‐mediated and protein‐kinase‐dependent signal transduction in lymphocytes.
Text Mining Systems for Market Response to News: A Survey

Several prototypes for predicting the short-term market reaction to news based on text mining techniques have been developed. However, no detailed comparison of the systems and their performances is available thus far. This paper describes the main systems developed and presents a framework for comparing the approaches. The prototypes differ in the text mining methods applied and the data sets used for performance evaluation. Some (mostly implicit) assumptions of these evaluations are rather unrealistic with respect to properties of financial markets and the performance results cannot be achieved in reality. Furthermore, the adequacy of applying text mining techniques for predicting stock price movements in general and approaches for dealing with existing problems are discussed.
Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Clinical records of 184 patients with diabetes (0-18 years) admitted between January 2010 and January 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Age and season at admission, type of admission, anthropometric measurements, pubertal status, laboratory tests including, blood glucose, electrolytes, gases, HbA1c, insulin, c-peptide levels, thyroid function tests, lipid profile, thyroid and pancreas autoantibodies were recorded.