Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use and Selection of Inferior Vena Cava Filters

Thromboembolic disease continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Although the actual prevalence of this condition remains unknown, it has been estimated that 5 million cases of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), 750,000-900,000 cases of pulmonary embolism (PE), and 200,000 deaths from PE occur in the United States annually. Fully 85 to 95% of pulmonary emboli originate in the lower extremities and pelvis, with the remaining arising in the vena cava, ovarian veins, upper extremities, and right atrium. Efforts to treat DVT and prevent PE have focused on improved methods of diagnosis, prevention of thrombus formation, removal (mechanical and pharmacologic) of existing thrombi, and interruption of the pathways of embolization (Table 1). Although anticoagulation remains the favored therapy for thromboembolic disease, this form of treatment is either ineffective or contraindicated in a certain subset of patients (Table 2). Additionally, there are patients with risk factors, such as extensive venous thrombi above the inguinal ligament, who are predisposed to significant embolic phenomena in spite of adequate anticoagulation. It is in these patients that vena cava interruption is commonly performed to protect against potentially fatal pulmonary emboli.
What Constitutes the Best Interest of a Child? Views of Parents, Children, and Physicians in a Pediatric Oncology Setting

Background: In pediatrics, the “best interest” standard has become the prevailing standard in decision making even though it proves difficult to apply in practice. Differences in values can lead to different views by families and physicians of what is in the interest of a child. Our aim was to gain insight into the views of parents, children, and physicians in a pediatric oncology setting. Methods: We conducted a qualitative multicenter study, using in-depth semistructured interviews, with 21 children aged 8–18 years undergoing cancer treatment, 26 parents, and 15 pediatric oncologists. Results: At the onset of treatment, parents, children, and physicians had the same views on what is in the interest of the child: survival by following the treatment protocol. In the course of treatment, however, a transition takes place. For families, what constitutes the best interests expands beyond medical considerations, to include the wish to lead a normal life, having control over certain aspects of treatment, and maintaining one's identity (e.g., through religion). These aspects sometimes collide with medical aspects, leading to different professional and familial views about what course of action is appropriate. Conclusions: In order to recognize personal views and avoid conflicts, physicians should explicitly discuss parent and family concerns and opinions in the course of treatment. We present a model of “communicative ethics” to make these issues a subject of discussion. The role of the family in determining what is in the best interest of the child should only be limited when it implies a substantial medical risk of (irreversible) harm to the child.
Effect of Drug Addiction on the Biopsychosocial Aspects of Persons with Addiction in Kuwait: Nursing Implications

&NA; Addiction is often seen as a “family illness” that has biological, psychological, and socio‐cultural aspects that should be taken into consideration in order to achieve successful treatment and prevent relapse. The aims of this study are to describe the effect of drug abuse on the biophysical and mental health, family relationships, and job performance of individuals with addiction. The study also investigated drug‐associated habits of persons with addiction in an Arabic society. This study was conducted in the Psychological Medicine Hospital, Kuwait. Data were obtained from 237 persons with addiction who were receiving treatment in the addiction center. A self‐administered questionnaire designed in Arabic was used for data collection. Pearson and Mantel Hazel tests showed that addiction affects the biophysical, mental, behavioral, and occupational status of individuals with addiction. Also a relationship was found between drug addiction and disrupted family environment. Strategies for nursing intervention focused on family therapy as an important consideration in the management of drug addiction.
Management of patients with diabetes by general dentists in New Zealand.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes in New Zealand is reaching epidemic proportions, with serious implications for oral health. We investigated the attitudes, beliefs, and practices of New Zealand (NZ) general dental practitioners (GDPs) with respect to the management of patients with diabetes and contrasted the NZ findings with those from a similar survey of GDPs in the Northeast United States (NE US) conducted in 2002. METHODS A nationwide postal survey was conducted of NZ dentists. A random sample was selected from the 2005 New Zealand Dental Register. Responses were received from 437 dentists (response rate: 64.5%). RESULTS The sample was representative. Most GDPs participated in the assessment and discussion phases of managing patients with diabetes, but the prevalence of more hands-on activities (such as testing) was considerably lower. Three-quarters of dentists asked new patients about their type of diabetes. Just over two in five respondents believed that their evaluation and/or management of the patient with diabetes were hindered by the lack of continuing education opportunities. Almost one-third of dentists were unwilling to screen for diabetes using a finger-stick test, and only 2.6% overall had ever done so. There were only minor differences between NZ and NE US dentists. CONCLUSION Given the increasing numbers of patients with diabetes (known and unknown), there is a need for NZ and US dentists to be more involved in their active management.
A study of prevalence of anemia and sociodemographic factors associated with anemia among pregnant women in Aurangabad city, India

Background: Anemia in pregnancy accounts for one fifth of maternal deaths worldwide and is a major factor responsible for low birth weight. In India, 16% of maternal deaths are attributed to anemia. The association between anemia and adverse pregnancy outcome, higher incidence of preterm and low-birth weight deliveries have been demonstrated. However, high prevalence of anemia among pregnant women persists in India despite the availability of effective, low-cost interventions for prevention and treatment. A knowledge of the sociodemographic factors associated with anemia will help to formulate multipronged strategies to attack this important public health problem in pregnancy. Aim: To study the prevalence of anemia and the various sociodemographic factors associated with anemia among pregnant women at an urban health center in Aurangabad city, India. Setting: Urban Health Center (UHC) of Government Medical College, Aurangabad, India. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out from August 2006 to July 2008. A total of 352 pregnant women were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. The participants were included only after confirmation of the pregnancy. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test, Chi-square test for trend. Results: Overall prevalence of anemia among the pregnant women was found to be 87.21%. Factors such as religion, level of education of women and their husbands and socioeconomic status were found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Low socioeconomic class, illiteracy, Hindu religion were significantly associated with high prevalence of anemia during pregnancy in Indian women.
An inhibitor of advanced glycation end product formation reducesNϵ-(carboxymethyl)lysine accumulation in glomeruli of diabetic rats

Abstract Background: An inhibitor of advanced glycation, OPB-9195, retards the progression of nephropathy in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study is to evaluate histologically the role of N ϵ -(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) in the development of diabetic nephropathy and investigate whether inhibition of CML accumulation by OPB-9195 is associated directly with the prevention of glomerular lesions in OLETF rats. Methods: Kidneys of OLETF and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats were obtained at ages 7, 20, 50, and 68 weeks after collecting their blood and urine samples. OPB-9195 had been administered to the rats from age 24 weeks to the end of the experiments. CML in kidneys was detected by using a monoclonal antibody against CML according to an indirect immunofluorescence technique. CML-positive glomerular area was measured using NIH Image software (Research Services Branch of NIMH, Bethesda, MD). Hyalinized and/or sclerotic areas in glomeruli and mesangial and glomerular volume were measured using a point-counting technique. Results: CML-positive area in glomeruli correlated closely not only with urinary albumin excretion ( r = 0.912; P = 0.001), but also with volumes of mesangium and hyalinized and/or sclerotic lesions ( r = 0.859; P = 0.0019 and r = 0.833; P = 0.0027, respectively). Treatment with OPB-9195 reduced CML-positive area and prevented the increase in mesangial volume, with no significant change in glomerular volume at age 68 weeks. The volume of hyalinized and/or sclerotic lesions also decreased by treatment with OPB-9195 in three of four rats at age 68 weeks. Conclusion: CML is a major advanced glycation end product contributing to the development of diabetic nephropathy, and inhibition of its accumulation by OPB-9195 results in amelioration of glomerular lesions in OLETF rats. Am J Kidney Dis 41(S1):S68-S71. © 2003 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
Selecting candidates for pharmacy residencies: A national survey of residency program directors

Due to advances in healthcare and treatment options, there is a need for pharmacists with additional post‐graduate residency training. With the growing need for residency‐trained pharmacists, obtaining a post‐graduate pharmacy residency has become more competitive. The objective of this study was to capture the perspectives of post‐graduate year 1 residency programme directors (RPDs) in the United States (US) regarding aspects of a candidate's application and interview they found most important when selecting future residents.
Effects of a Simulation based Clinical Reasoning Practice Program on Clinical Competence in Nursing Students

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a simulation based clinical reasoning practice program on clinical competence in nursing students. The program was based on the theoretical frameworks of simulation models and experiential learning theory. Methods: The program consisted of eight scenarios which includes three main symptoms (abdominal pain, changes in mental status, dyspnea), for improvement of clinical competencies in nursing students. A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used for evaluation of the effects of the program. Fifty-two junior nursing students in Y University participated in the experimental group (n=25) or control group (n=27). Critical thinking was measured using a self-administered questionnaire. Clinical judgment and clinical performance were measured by a rater using the Rubric. Descriptive analysis, t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for data analyses. Results: Clinical judgment and clinical performance increased in the experimental group, but there were no significant differences in critical thinking. Conclusion: Results indicate that the program developed in this study is a useful strategy to enhance clinical judgment and clinical performance in nursing students. However, the program did not significantly enhance critical thinking disposition, and further study is needed to measure integrated clinical competence including critical thinking skills.
Characteristics that identify Hispanic women likely to be ill informed about heart attack and stroke symptoms: an analysis of 2003–2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey data

Aim The research question for this study was: Are there within-group disparities in Hispanic women’s knowledge of heart attack and stroke symptomology? Background Hispanics constitute the fastest growing group in the US and have surpassed other racial and ethnic groups to become the largest US minority. Hispanics make up about one-third of the US population, and hence are a group of significant interest for health care providers. Few studies have examined heart attack and stroke symptom awareness among adult Hispanic women, a group at high risk for delays in treatment. Research is needed to elucidate their knowledge of warning symptoms for these vascular events. Methods Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey data from states using the 2003–2005 Heart and Stroke module were examined by multivariate techniques. To maximize the representativeness of the sample, three years of survey data (2003–2005) were amalgamated into a single dataset. If a given state administered the Heart and Stroke module in multiple years, only the data from the most recent year were included in the merged dataset. In the final analysis, data from 23 states, one territory and the District of Columbia were included in the combined 2003–2005 database. The unweighted sample size for the population of interest for the years 2003–2005 was 3146. For analysis these data were weighted to represent 2 641 024 Hispanic women aged 18 years and older who answered questions about heart attack and stroke symptoms. Findings Adult Hispanic women earning low scores on the heart attack and stroke knowledge questions were more likely to have less than a high school education, be uninsured, live in a household with an annual income of <$35 000 and not have a primary care provider. Discussion These results suggest that strategies to educate Hispanic women on signs and symptoms of heart attack and stroke might benefit from targeting women in these groups.
Distribution and hormonal characterization of primary murine L cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) secreted from enteroendocrine L cells is an incretin that potentiates insulin secretion and is already applied in therapies for type 2 diabetes. However, detailed examination of L cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract remains unclear, because of difficulties in purifying scattered L cells from other cells. In the present study, we identified characteristics of L cells of the upper small intestine (UI), the lower small intestine (LI) and the colon using glucagon‐green fluorescent protein‐expressing mice that express GFP driven by the proglucagon promoter.
PERCENTAGE OF WEIGHT LOSS: BASIC INDICATOR OF SURGICAL RISK IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PEPTIC ULCER

The general mortality rate among patients suffering from peptic ulcer has been materially reduced by surgical care. The reduction has been due chiefly to early operation in those having one type of ulcer lesion; that is, ruptured ulcer. 1 The rate following operations for chronic peptic ulcer, uncomplicated by rupture or gross hemorrhage, has always been much lower, but proportionate progress in reducing this figure further has not been made. This rate has remained for some time at a relatively stationary level of about 10 per cent, 2 except in selected series. To present further observations on the sequence of events leading to this sustained rate is my object in this communication. The ordinary patient chronically ill with peptic ulcer is to be dealt with here. Those patients with ruptured peptic ulcer, with acute hemorrhage or with gastrojejunal ulcer are naturally not under consideration, since they all present preoperative and
Analysis of Factors Contributing to Severity of Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema

BackgroundUpper extremity lymphedema is a well-described complication of breast cancer treatment. Risk factors for lymphedema development include axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), obesity, increasing age, radiation, and postoperative complications. In this study, we seek to evaluate a cohort of patients who have either self-referred or been referred to the Department of Physical Therapy for lymphedema treatment. Our goal is to evaluate specific risk factors associated with the severity of lymphedema in this patient population. MethodsAll patients who presented to the Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2010, with a chief complaint of upper extremity lymphedema after breast cancer treatment were reviewed retrospectively. Upper extremity lymphedema index (UELI) was used as a severity indicator and patient factors including demographics and breast cancer treatments were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. ResultsFifty (4.5%) patients presented for upper extremity lymphedema treatment after breast cancer treatment (total of 1106 patients treated surgically for breast cancer). Greater UELIs were found in patients 50 years and older, those with ALND, radiation, chemotherapy, pathologic stage greater than 3, and an International Society of Lymphology lymphedema stage II (P < 0.05). The multivariate model showed age older than 50 years and pathologic stage greater than 3 were significant predictors of higher UELI (P < 0.05). ConclusionsIn this study, we report that in patients who present for lymphedema treatment, increased UELI is significantly related to ALND, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, age, and pathologic stage. An improved understanding of the patient population referred for lymphedema treatment will allow for the identification of patients who may be candidates for therapeutic intervention.
Cross-sectional echocardiographic delineation of coronary arterial origins in complete transposition

Summary The role of cross-sectional echocardiography is demonstrated in defining the anatomy of the coronary arteries in 29 patients with complete transposition (concordant atrioventricular and discordant ventriculoarterial connections). The study revealed a relationship between some of the less frequent patterns and the spatial relationship of the arterial trunks, along with the presence or absence of a ventricular septal defect. It suggests that a side-by-side relationship of the arterial trunks due to infundibular maldevelopment may be related to some of the less common patterns.
Avaliação postural da coluna vertebral em escolares surdos de 7-21 anos

INTRODUCTION: Childhood and teenage are periods where prevention and treatment of postural alterations, derived from bad postural habit and mechanical overcharge are more efficient, due to osteomuscular maturation that occurs in these phases. OBJECTIVE: The main goal of this study was to detect possible postural alterations of the vertebral column in deaf school kids from 7 to 21 years old, at Centro de Reabilitacao e Educacao Especial Rotary Club Caruaru (Rehabilitation and Educational Center Rotary Club), in Pernambuco State, Brazil. METHODOLOGY: Thirty two deaf school kids have participated of an interview about data, referring to the period of installation and kind of deafness, biological, anthropometric and postural habits data, having been submitted to a postural evaluation according to literature proposed criteria. Data were analyzed in a descriptive way and association among variable points used the Chi-Square test or their variant items through SPSSTM program version 11.5. RESULTS: Studies have showed that prevalence of postural alterations on deaf school kids reached 90.62% of all cases. The most frequently observed postural alteration was thoracic hyperciphosis, which was associated to pain in school kids. By considering the distribution in relation to sex, postural alteration of the type scoliosis was associated to female sex. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of postural alterations on deaf school kids in our study suggests that deafness may represent an important factor in development of postural alterations. However, there is necessity of new studies to investigate a possible relation between deafness and biological and environmental factors in larger school kids' population.
Theoretical characterization of the surface composition of ruthenium nanoparticles in equilibrium with syngas.

A deeper understanding of the relationship between experimental reaction conditions and the surface composition of nanoparticles is crucial in order to elucidate mechanisms involved in nanocatalysis. In the framework of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, a resolution of this complex puzzle requires a detailed understanding of the interaction of CO and H with the surface of the catalyst. In this context, the single- and co-adsorption of CO and H to the surface of a 1 nm ruthenium nanoparticle has been investigated with density functional theory. Using several indexes (d-band center, crystal overlap Hamilton population, density of states), a systematic analysis of the bond properties and of the electronic states has also been done, in order to bring an understanding of structure/property relationships at the nanoscale. The H : CO surface composition of this ruthenium nanoparticle exposed to syngas has been evaluated according to a thermodynamic model fed with DFT energies. Such ab initio thermodynamic calculations give access to the optimal H : CO coverage values under a wide range of experimental conditions, through the construction of free energy phase diagrams. Surprisingly, under the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis experimental conditions, and in agreement with new experiments, only CO species are adsorbed at the surface of the nanoparticle. These findings shed new light on the possible reaction pathways underlying the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and specifically the initiation of the reaction. It is finally shown that the joint knowledge of the surface composition and energy descriptors can help to identify possible reaction intermediates.
Critical Evaluation of Different Scoring Systems of the Knee

Assessment of the natural history of various knee injuries and the effects of operative and nonoperative treatments requires validated outcome measures. We present and review various outcome measures for the knee, including subjective patient reporting systems, comprehensive patient and clinician instruments, and activity scales. The validated subjective scales we review here include the Lysholm score, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Score, the Knee Outcome Survey, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Sports Knee Instrument, and the Quality of Life Measure. We also review the widely used comprehensive instruments, including the Cincinnati Knee Rating System, the International Knee Documentation Committee Knee Evaluation Form, and the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score. We present analysis of several patellofemoral instruments and activity scales, and present and discuss studies that have compared various knee outcome measures.
Assortative Matching and Risk Sharing

This paper analyzes sorting pattern of risk-sharing partnerships where agents are heterogenous in their income riskiness. When preference belongs to the class of HARA, household production in terms of monetary equivalence is perfectly transferable between spouses. Hence the characterization of stable match which minimizes social risk premium crucially depends on the interaction between risks in the household portfolio. In the multiplicative model where individuals are ranked by their holdings of a common risky stock, the convexity of household risk premium in joint risk size lead to negative assortative matching. In the additive model where individuals are ranked by their idiosyncratic risks in the Rothschild-Stiglitz sense, negative sorting is stable if any Rothschild-Stiglitz deterioration raises local risk aversion a la Ross.