Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beauty and Body Image Concerns Among African American College Women

The current study examined body image concerns among African American women. In recent years, there has been an attempt to include ethnic minority samples in body image studies, but few specifically examine unique issues pertaining to beauty and body image for African American college-age women. A total of 31 African American women participated in one of five focus groups on the campus of a large Southwestern University to examine beauty and body image. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach and several themes were identified. The majority of themes pertained to issues related to hair, skin tone, body type, and message sources. Themes included sacrifice, ignorance/racial microaggressions, validation and invalidation by others, thick/toned/curvy as optimal, hypersexualization, and being thin is for White women. Findings of the current study suggest a reconceptualization of body image for African American women where relevant characteristics such as hair and skin tone are given more priority over traditional body image concerns often associated with European American women.
Towards predicting task performance from EEG signals

Smart wearable devices have lead to an increased need for processing and sharing large streams of physiological data in real-time. Modern Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) systems, especially applications designed for user training and assessment (e.g., educational or smart-rehabilitation systems), should be able to track and monitor those signals and adapt their parameters accordingly in order to optimally facilitate the special needs of each individual. Towards this end, we propose a passive Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), using a wireless non-intrusive EEG sensor under a robot assisted training task designed for cognitive assessment. As part of this ongoing work, we demonstrate our initial results on predicting user's task performance, from the EEG signals, before task completion. Our findings highlight the potentials of our hypotheses as we achieve a maximum accuracy rate equal to 74% when evaluated on 69 real subjects.
An assessment of community pharmacists’ attitudes towards professional practice in the Republic of Moldova

Pharmacy in Moldova is undergoing a period of transition. The professional practice is adjusting to a market-oriented economy from the previous Soviet system. The pharmaceutical sector has been liberalised giving rise to a significant increase in the number of community pharmacies. This has led to some adverse effects on the profession of pharmacy with pharmacists having considerable difficulties fulfilling their professional aspirations and possibly losing confidence in further developing their professional role. Objective To assess community pharmacists’ attitudes towards their professional practice and to determine their perceived competence in various pharmaceutical activities. Methods A questionnaire which addressed managerial activities, dispensing activities, pharmaceutical care activities, inter-professional relationships, public health and competence was mailed to 600 community pharmacists who were asked to score the importance and perceived competence for each activity on a scale ranging from 0-5. In the case of pharmaceutical care activities, pharmacists were asked to score their degree of agreement or disagreement as to whether it is the responsibility of the pharmacist to engage in specific pharmaceutical care activities. Results A total of 370 valid questionnaires were returned giving a response rate of 61.7%. Managerial and dispensing activities were scored the highest both in terms of perceived importance and competence. The more innovative pharmaceutical care activities scored relatively low. Overall scores relating to the importance of pharmacists engaging in public health activities appear to be the lowest of the entire questionnaire. Younger pharmacists between the ages of 22-30 obtained significantly higher scores with regards to the perceived pharmacist’s responsibility in engaging in various pharmaceutical care activities. Respondents who practiced in an accredited pharmacy scored higher in the majority of questions. Conclusion Pharmacists in Moldova appear to be deeply rooted in the traditional approach to the practice of pharmacy pertaining mainly to distributive practice model and are somewhat distant from the other models of practice such as pharmaceutical care, drug information and self-care.
College Students' Attitudes About Lesbians

Abstract The article reviews empirical studies on trends in attitudes toward lesbians and gay men and compares data from a 1985 survey of 297 students living in a college residence hall with data collected in 2001 when 152 students living in the same residence hall responded to a similar questionnaire. College students in 2001 expressed more accepting attitudes toward lesbians, reported more contact with lesbians, and assessed their parents' attitudes as more positive when compared with the 1985 sample. Consistent trends in the importance of these variables to the development of attitudes toward lesbians were shown, with gender role attitudes, parental attitudes, and exposure to education and media about gays and lesbians remaining the most important predictors. This suggests that strategies that discourage gender role stereotypes and provide educational and media experiences could increase acceptance of sexual minorities. Although gender was significant in 1985, there were no effects of gender in the 2001 sample. Continued study of trends in attitudes toward all sexual minorities and attention to the relative importance of gender and gender roles are recommended.
Cerebellar–M1 Connectivity Changes Associated with Motor Learning Are Somatotopic Specific

One of the functions of the cerebellum in motor learning is to predict and account for systematic changes to the body or environment. This form of adaptive learning is mediated by plastic changes occurring within the cerebellar cortex. The strength of cerebellar-to-cerebral pathways for a given muscle may reflect aspects of cerebellum-dependent motor adaptation. These connections with motor cortex (M1) can be estimated as cerebellar inhibition (CBI): a conditioning pulse of transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the cerebellum before a test pulse over motor cortex. Previously, we have demonstrated that changes in CBI for a given muscle representation correlate with learning a motor adaptation task with the involved limb. However, the specificity of these effects is unknown. Here, we investigated whether CBI changes in humans are somatotopy specific and how they relate to motor adaptation. We found that learning a visuomotor rotation task with the right hand changed CBI, not only for the involved first dorsal interosseous of the right hand, but also for an uninvolved right leg muscle, the tibialis anterior, likely related to inter-effector transfer of learning. In two follow-up experiments, we investigated whether the preparation of a simple hand or leg movement would produce a somatotopy-specific modulation of CBI. We found that CBI changes only for the effector involved in the movement. These results indicate that learning-related changes in cerebellar–M1 connectivity reflect a somatotopy-specific interaction. Modulation of this pathway is also present in the context of interlimb transfer of learning. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Connectivity between the cerebellum and motor cortex is a critical pathway for the integrity of everyday movements and understanding the somatotopic specificity of this pathway in the context of motor learning is critical to advancing the efficacy of neurorehabilitation. We found that adaptive learning with the hand affects cerebellar–motor cortex connectivity, not only for the trained hand, but also for an untrained leg muscle, an effect likely related to intereffector transfer of learning. Furthermore, we introduce a novel method to measure cerebellar–motor cortex connectivity during movement preparation. With this technique, we show that, outside the context of learning, modulation of cerebellar–motor cortex connectivity is somatotopically specific to the effector being moved.
The Influence of Client Preferences on Tax Professionals' Search for Judicial Precedents, Subsequent Judgments and Recommendations

Tax professionals provide valuable services to clients by reducing uncertainty about how clients should report transactions on their tax returns. To reduce uncertainty, tax professionals research applicable authorities (e.g., judicial precedents) and provide assessments to clients of the level of authoritative support for client‐favorable positions. Tax professionals have strong incentives to make accurate assessments of the strength of client‐preferred positions so that clients will understand the level of risk associated with the reporting position. Further, tax professionals must make accurate assessments of authoritative support in order to maintain compliance with tax professional standards and Federal income tax regulations. Incentives notwithstanding, psychological research on confirmation bias suggests that tax professionals' client advocacy role may inhibit professionals' ability to search objectively for relevant tax authority which, in turn, might inhibit their ability to accurately assess auth.
The Study of the Relationship between Leadership Style and Project Success

From three aspects of literatures: Leadership style, project success factors, and the match of leadership type and project type, this paper studied the relationship between leadership style and project success, and found that although leadership or manager is rarely included in the project success factors, it infl uences the performance of project through various patterns, like the collaboration of teamwork, management of source, communication with both followers and clients.
Floods and residential property values: A hedonic price analysis for the Netherlands

The central question addressed in this article is whether floods have an impact on residential property values. In the Netherlands floods of the Meuse river in 1993 and 1995 had negative effects on prices of the houses that were affected; specifically a decrease of about 9 per cent. An analysis of sales in municipalities along the river during the decade after this period reveals that this price decrease has been permanent. We also find countervailing effects related to water: a location close to the water has an upward effect on property values of up to 3 per cent.
Influence of functional interleukin 10/tumor necrosis factor-alpha polymorphisms on interferon-alpha, IL-10, and regulatory T cell population in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving antimalarial treatment.

OBJECTIVE As interleukin 10 (IL-10)/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) polymorphisms have been shown to influence TNF-alpha inhibition and clinical response to antimalarial treatment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we investigated involvement of these variants in antimalarial effects on cytokine serum levels and regulatory T cell population (Treg). METHODS The alleles present at -308 TNF-alpha and -1082 IL-10 genes; serum concentrations of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), IL-10 and TNF-alpha; and size and function of CD4+CD25(high) (Treg) population were determined in SLE patients and in healthy controls. These data were related to treatment and clinical manifestations. RESULTS Patients were observed to have increased IFN-alpha serum levels that did not correlate with any treatment. Among patients receiving antimalarial drugs, high IL-10/low TNF-alpha producers presented higher levels of IFN-alpha and IL-10 than carriers of other genotypes. In contrast, patients with the converse, low IL-10/high TNF-alpha genotype who were receiving antimalarial treatment presented increased size and function of Treg population. The percentage of CD4+CD25(high) cells was inversely correlated to TNF-alpha levels. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the beneficial effect of antimalarials in low IL-10/high TNF-alpha patients with SLE may be partially attributable to the increase in Treg activity, whereas patients with the converse genotype did not show this phenomenon, yet did have significantly upregulated levels of IFN-alpha and IL-10, 2 cytokines that have been associated with SLE activity.
Testosterone mediates satellite cell activation in denervated rat levator ani muscle

Denervation stimulates quiescent satellite cells in skeletal muscle to reenter the cell cycle. In the androgen‐sensitive rat levator ani muscle (LA), this mitotic response to loss of neural input fails to occur in castrated animals. To elucidate the role of androgens in denervation‐induced satellite cell proliferation, the denervated LA of castrated rats (Group A) was compared with that of animals infixed with testosterone implants after castration (Group B). Mean myofiber cross‐sectional areas (Group A: 362.95 μm2 ± 27.74; Group B: 403.13 μm2 ± 53.87) and linear nuclear densities (Group A: 74.07 mm−1 ± 17.58; Group B: 104.13 mm−1 ± 4.06) were similar (P > 0.05) in both groups. The androgen‐deprived myofibers of Group A, however, had a significantly lower nuclear content (271.0 ± 74.91 vs. 1,285.80 ± 81.74 in Group B; P < 0.05) on account of their considerably shorter mean length (3.44 mm ± 0.29 vs. 12.31 mm ± 0.92 in Group B; P < 0.05). The proportional representation of satellite cells in hormone‐replaced, denervated muscle was more than twice that in the untreated group (Group B: 5.15 ± 0.83% vs. Group A: 2.28 ± 0.23%; P < 0.05). In absolute terms, the satellite cell number in Group B was approximately an order of magnitude greater than in Group A (408.4 × 103 vs. 38.08 × 103). The results confirm the absence of testosterone as the factor responsible for the inability of satellite cells in the LA of castrated rats to respond mitotically to the withdrawal of neural input after denervation. Anat Rec 263:19–24, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A note on efficiency of Australian and New Zealand stock markets

In this article we re-examine efficiency of the Australia's and New Zealand's stock markets, extending recent work of Narayan (2005). For this purpose we apply the nonlinear unit root test procedure recently developed by Kapetanios et al . (2003). The nonlinear unit root tests reject the null hypothesis of unit root, suggesting that the both stock markets are not weak form efficient, contrary to the findings of Narayan (2005).
Effect of Rest Interval on Strength Recovery in Young and Old Women

Theou, O, Gareth, JR, and Brown, LE. Effect of rest interval on strength recovery in young and old women. J Strength Cond Res 22(6): 1876-1881, 2008-This study compares the effects of rest intervals on isokinetic muscle torque recovery between sets of a knee extensor and flexor exercise protocol in physically active younger and older women. Twenty young (22.4 ± 1.7 years) and 16 older (70.7 ± 4.3 years) women performed three sets of eight maximum repetitions of knee extension/flexion at 60°·s−1. The rest interval between sets was 15, 30, and 60 seconds and was randomly assigned across three testing days. No significant interaction of rest by set by age group was observed. There was a significant decline in mean knee extensor torque when 15- and 30-second rest intervals were used between sets, but not when a 60-second rest interval was applied for both the young and the old women. No significant decline for mean knee flexor torque was observed in the older women when a 30-second rest interval was used, whereas a longer 60-second rest interval was required in younger women. Active younger and older women require similar rest intervals between sets of a knee extensor exercise (60 seconds) for complete recovery. However, older women recovered faster (30 seconds) than younger women (60 seconds) between sets of a knee flexor exercise. The exercise-to-rest ratio for knee extensors was similar for young and old women (1:2). Old women required only a 1:1 exercise-to-rest ratio for knee flexor recovery, whereas younger women required a longer 1:2 exercise-to-rest ratio. The results of the present study are specific to isokinetic testing and training and are more applicable in rehabilitation and research settings. Practitioners should consider age and gender when prescribing rest intervals between sets.
Justification of Strategic Investments in Flexible Manufacturing Technology

Over the last years traditional accounting methods of investment appraisal (such as pay‐back period and discounted cash‐flow analysis) have been abundantly criticized for not being appropriate to evaluate strategic investments, in advanced production technology. It has been argued that strategic arguments should be used as the only sound basis for investment justification. However, opinions continue to be divided about which evaluation criterion (strategic and/or financial) should prevail in the evaluation of flexible manufacturing technology (FMT) investments if the firm is to end up with a successful project. Studies the investment decision‐making process which precedes a major investment in FMT. It is hypothesized that different ways of investment justification can lead to high financial performance of investment projects in FMT, but each way may not be equally effective in every situation. Based on field research in six manufacturing companies, some of the key characteristics of the decision process o.
Buyer Characteristics Among Users of Various Travel Intermediaries

SUMMARY As online travel purchases increase, travel intermediaries must change to meet consumer demands. A survey was conducted to identify travelers' selection criteria and expectations of traditional travel agents. Responses from 382 individuals were compared by their methods of purchasing travel arrangements, including those who purchased online, offline, or both. Differences were found among the groups in terms of travel agent selection criteria and expectations; however, the groups were similar in their frequency of travel and number of information sources used. Results and conclusions identified strategies for travel intermediaries to attract and retain clientele.
Health Insurance, Job Lock, and the Supply of Self‐Employment

Unlike most wage earners, self‐employed Americans have limited access to health insurance and face higher costs. Thus, social commentators and policymakers argue that many potential entrepreneurs are “locked” into their current jobs for fear of losing their health coverage even though they could be more productive in self‐employment. Using a large data set for the period 2000–2008, we find the availability of employer‐provided health insurance to be negatively correlated to the likelihood of self‐employment in the long run, but the effect to be mediated by individual and family health status. However, we find employer‐provided health insurance to have no significant effect on the probability of switching in the short run. Finally, we find differences in the magnitude of the effects between our samples of husbands and wives.
Strategic sourcing: benefits, problems and a contextual model

This paper reviews the strategic benefits and problems relating to the outsourcing decision. These include issues of cost, quality, flexibility, strategic focus, leverage and diversification, the potential loss of critical skills and knowledge, and appropriation of final product value. The outsourcing decision is presented as one that will vary between firms within an industry through the differences in each organization’s context. A model is developed, structuring the contextual factors: capability, cost, technology, supply and product market conditions, to enable a consideration of the outsourcing decision through a focus upon its implications for competitive advantage.
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells secreting anti-PD-L1 antibodies more effectively regress renal cell carcinoma in a humanized mouse model

Advances in the treatment of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have led to improved progression-free survival of many patients; however the therapies are toxic, rarely achieve durable long-term complete responses and are not curative. Herein we used a single bicistronic lentiviral vector to develop a new combination immunotherapy that consists of human anti-carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered to secrete human anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies at the tumor site. The local antibody delivery led to marked immune checkpoint blockade. Tumor growth diminished 5 times and tumor weight reduced 50–80% when compared with the anti-CAIX CAR T cells alone in a humanized mice model of ccRCC. The expression of PD-L1 and Ki67 in the tumors decreased and an increase in granzyme B levels was found in CAR T cells. The anti-PD-L1 IgG1 isotype, which is capable of mediating ADCC, was also able to recruit human NK cells to the tumor site in vivo. These armed second-generation CAR T cells empowered to secrete human anti-PD-L1 antibodies in the ccRCC milieu to combat T cell exhaustion is an innovation in this field that should provide renewed potential for CAR T cell immunotherapy of solid tumors where limited efficacy is currently seen.
The Estimation of the Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard Model from Daily Data Based on Measures of Trading Intensity

We give a method to fit the Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard model [J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B 2001; 63:167–241] to daily data. Many researchers have established a connection between volatility and different measures of trading intensity, such as traded volume or number of trades. We benefit from this connection, and propose to use some measure of trading intensity as the volatility in the model in [J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B 2001; 63:167–241]. Our approach gives stable parameter estimates, and it is much easier to implement than the quadratic variation method. The efficiency of our method is illustrated by a statistical analysis on the Ericsson stock from the OMX Stockholmsborsen during an exceptionally turbulent period of five years. The results indicate a good model fit. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the franchise relationship

This article aims to understand how the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of the franchise system may impact franchisor–franchisee relationship quality, given the conflicting forces for standardization/uniformity and franchisee desire for autonomy. A cross-sectional research design, involving a mail questionnaire survey, was employed to collect data from a sample of franchisors operating in the UK. The hypotheses specified in the study were tested using regression (including moderated regression) analyses. The results revealed that EO was significantly and positively related to relationship quality (as perceived by the franchisor). In addition, the recruitment of entrepreneurial franchisees was found to have a positively significant impact on relationship quality. The structural support systems used by franchisors to encourage franchisee entrepreneurial activities were not found to moderate the relationship between EO and relationship quality. The results suggest that systems with EO and entrepreneurial franchisees may enjoy better relations.
"The role and nature of specialized writing in a translation-specific writing program"

Citer cet article Meyer, I. & Russell, P. (1988). The role and nature of specialized writing in a translation-specific writing program. TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction, 1(2), 114–124. https:// doi.org/10.7202/037025ar Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. [https://apropos.erudit. org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/]