Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aquifer salinization from storm overwash

Overwash processes are not only an agent of change to the morphology of barrier islands; they are also a source of instantaneous saltwater intrusion to coastal aquifers. Hatteras Island, North Carolina, USA is particularly susceptible to overwash processes because of its geography and the frequency with which tropical and extra-tropical storms strike the area. Hurricane Emily inundated the island in 1993 with saline water from Pamlico Sound. The floodwaters recharged the Buxton Woods Aquifer, raising salinity levels from approximately 40 mg/L prior to flooding to nearly 280 mg/L within several weeks of flooding. By 1997, chloride levels still had not returned to pre-storm levels. One-dimensional analytical solutions of the advection-dispersion equation are used to simulate chloride transport within the aquifer utilizing a pulse source implemented with linear superposition. These simulations are matched with chloride breakthrough curves. Initial simulations show that a pulse duration of five days provides the best fit to the data. Simulation of chloride breakthrough at two streamline locations demonstrates that higher gradients advect chloride further into the aquifer, causing higher chloride concentrations and increasing the duration of contamination. The Cape Hatteras region historically is susceptible to several hurricanes in a single season. In order to analyze the effect of multiple overwash events on water quality, predictive simulations show the effect of two overwash events separated by several time lags between storms. Simulations indicate that higher gradients and short time lags between overwash events result in chloride MCL violations that persist for more than four months.
LONG RUN EQUILIBRIUM RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INWARD FDI AND PRODUCTIVITY

By constructing a panel dataset from nine OECD countries for the period 1971-1999 and adopting up-to-date panel cointegration estimation methods, the paper shows the robustness of long run positive relationship between inward foreign direct investment and productivities of host countries. Especially, with group mean fully modified OLS, the estimation model allows common time dummies to control possible cross-sectional dependence and also allows heterogeneous cointegrating vectors for the members of cross section. The paper also confirms the long run equilibrium relationship between domestic knowledge stocks and productivities in G7 countries.
Determining the Halo Mass Scale Where Galaxies Lose Their Gas

A major question in galaxy formation is how the gas supply that fuels activity in galaxies is modulated by their environment. We use spectroscopy of a set of well-characterized clusters and groups at 0.4 < z < 0.8 from the ESO Distant Cluster Survey and compare it to identically selected field galaxies. Our spectroscopy allows us to isolate galaxies that are dominated by old stellar populations. Here we study a stellar-mass-limited sample ( ) of these old galaxies with weak [O ii] emission. We use line ratios and compare to studies of local early-type galaxies to conclude that this gas is likely excited by post-AGB stars and hence represents a diffuse gas component in the galaxies. For cluster and group galaxies the fraction with EW([O ii]) > 5 Å is f[O II] = and f[O II] = , respectively. For field galaxies we find f[O II] = , representing a 2. 8σ difference between the [O ii] fractions for old galaxies between the different environments. We conclude that a population of old galaxies in all environments has ionized gas that likely stems from stellar mass loss. In the field galaxies also experience gas accretion from the cosmic web, and in groups and clusters these galaxies have had their gas accretion shut off by their environment. Additionally, galaxies with emission preferentially avoid the virialized region of the cluster in position–velocity space. We discuss the implications of our results, among which is that gas accretion shutoff is likely effective at group halo masses (log / > 12.8) and that there are likely multiple gas removal processes happening in dense environments.
A Study of the Relationship between Internet Dependence and Social Skills of Students of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Internet dependence is a topic of interest that has been discussed as a behavior-based addiction in recent years and has become a growing issue in the information technology era. This addiction has caused many problems for college students. In this regard, the current study aimed to investigate the relationship between Internet addiction and social skills of students of Medical Sciences. Methods: This is a descriptive-correlational study. The sample included 354 medical students who were selected through applying stratified random sampling method and were tested using two questionnaires of Internet Addiction and Social Skills. Data were analyzed applying the Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. Results: The findings indicated that there were significant positive relationships between Internet dependence and social skills. Internet dependence has a reversed relation with initiation and termination, assertiveness, social reinforcement, empathy, and cooperation. Increasing Internet dependence, these skills weakened. However, no significant correlation was found between Internet dependence and orientation skills. Moreover, the results of the regression analysis showed that these five variables predicted about 66% of the criterion variable (internet dependence). Conclusion: Since Internet addiction can falter students’ social skills and has strong negative effects on interpersonal communication and social interaction, it is essential to make efforts to give students’ use of the Internet a specific direction to avoid its probable adverse effects.
Women in the Workforce: A Decomposition of Female Racial Wage Gaps in Brazil

This paper analyses how racial wage gaps amongst women in the Brazilian urban labour market have evolved in response to a strong increase in workers’ skills between 2001 and 2011. For this purpose, Melly (2005, 2006) quantile decomposition frameworks will be applied using PNAD data. In so doing we acknowledges a gap in the literature by focusing on women instead of men, extending wage decomposition frameworks applied to Brazil and updating wage gap estimates by using the latest 2011 data. Our conclusions thus coincide with Salardi (2013) in that increased female labour force skills are the strongest factor determining the reduction, albeit maintenance of glass ceiling effects. However contrasting previous findings by Foguel & Acevedo (2006) we find that the combination of higher skills, greater returns to those skills and changing unobserved factors drive, in conjunction, the lowering of racial wage gaps around the median of the earnings distribution. Finally our key contribution to the existing empirical literature in Brazil reveals that is has been mostly the combined effects of higher skills and unobserved economic wage structures which mostly explain the unexpected rise of sticky floor effects amongst women in the workforce.
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts SEXUALITY OF CRIMINAL OFFENDERS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF SEXUAL ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR, CRIMINAL HISTORY, AND MARRIAGE A Thesis in Crime, Law, and Justice by

Romantic relationships in adulthood are important phenomena in contemporary criminology. Criminological research has begun to emphasize the need for more information on the quality and nature of romantic relationships, and the processes that contribute to successful relationships; such as happy marriages. However, there is relatively little research on the processes involved in offenders’ intimate relationships. This study examines offenders’ intimate relationships by focusing on sexuality. Criminological theory and research often assume offenders have different sexual attitudes and behaviors compared to non-offenders and it is possible these differences contribute to the prevalence and quality of sexual relationships. In this project I derive hypotheses from classic criminological theory, and from family literature’s research on sexuality. Using data from the National Health and Social Life Survey, offenders were found to have different sexual attitudes and less satisfying sexual relationships compared to non-offenders. Offenders’ sexual attitudes also mediated much of the negative effect that a criminal history has on emotional satisfaction with sexual relationships. Marriage processes appear to be different for offenders compared to non-offenders. Implications for life-course criminology and future research are discussed.
Regional Economic Growth and SMEs in Brazil: a Spatial Analysis (Submission for the Refereed Y-session Papers).

This paper examines the relationship between economic growth and the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) sector for a panel of 503 Brazilian micro-regions for the period 1980-2004 using panel spatial econometrics. It investigates the importance of the SME sector size measured by the share of the SME employment in total employment, and the level of human capital in the SME sector measured by the average years of schooling in SMEs. The exploratory spatial data analysis show strong evidence accounting for the existence of spatial dependence and indicate the use of spatial econometrics techniques to provide a more comprehensive analysis of the importance of entrepreneurship for regional economic growth. The empirical results indicate that the relative importance of SMEs (size of SME sector) is negatively correlated with economic growth. On the other hand, human capital embodied in SMEs present a positive and significant impact on economic growth. Moreover, the interaction of the relative size of the SME sector across space is positive and statistically significant for growth, suggesting that more SMEs in neighbouring regions incites productive entrepreneurship and new economic possibilities that affect economic performance positively. This is in line with the idea that entrepreneurial activities have a more positive influence on neighbouring regions than on distant regions due to cultural aspects. Besides, the spatial lag of human capital in SMEs is negatively related with growth and indicates that a given region does not benefit from a higher level of human capital in the neighbouring region; SMEs in regions with higher level of human capital only attract more skilled labour from neighbouring regions and do not generate any spillover for those regions. Therefore, a SME policy that subsidizes the creation of SMEs does not generate economic growth directly but through spatial interactions. Additionally, the promotion of human capital in SMEs seems to be important for regional growth, although there is no human capital spillover in the SME sector.
Finding distinct biclusters from background in gene expression matrices

Biclustering, or the discovery of subsets of samples and genes that are homogeneous and distinct from the background, has become an important technique in analyzing current microarray datasets. Most existing biclustering methods define a bicluster type as a fixed (predefined) pattern and then trying to get results in some searching process. In this work, we propose a novel method for finding biclusters or 2-dimensional patterns that are significantly distinct from the background without the need for pre-defining a pattern within the bicluster. The method named Distinct 2-Dimensional Pattern Finder (D2D) is composed of an iterative reordering step of the rows and columns in the matrix using a new similarity measure, and a flexible scanning-and-growing step to identify the biclusters. Experiments on a large variety of simulation data show that the method works consistently well under different conditions, whereas the existing methods compared may work well under some certain conditions but fail under some other conditions. The impact of noise levels, overlapping degrees between clusters and different setting of parameters were also investigated, which indicated that the D2D method is robust against these factors. The proposed D2D method can efficiently discover many different types of biclusters given that they have distinctive features from the background. The computer program is available upon request.
The Selection of Skills into Sectors: Evidence from the Market for Economists

We study the selection of skills into sectors in an environment with (1) exogenous variation in the attractiveness of sectors and (2) good measurability of skills. More concretely, we examine how the selection into leading economics PhD programs varies with the business cycle and we measure PhD’s skills by their publication success. Our results strongly support a selection story: cohorts applying fora PhD- and graduating from a PhD during recession achieve a substantially better publication record if they stay in academia after graduating.
Developments in a Cross-Border Bank Exposure "Network"

In this paper we explore the developments in the cross-border bank exposures using the BIS International Banking Statistics. To this end, we treat the web of the cross-border bank exposures as a "network" and investigate the characteristics of the network topology, and compute various statistical measures for the network topology. We find that the network of cross-border bank exposure has become more tightly connected over time. The network now has higher connectivity, a shorter average path length, a higher average degree, and a higher clustering coefficient than in the past. In particular, we observe that such tendency has never been hampered by any disturbances or crises in international financial markets (such as the East Asia currency crisis in 1997 or the LTCM near-default event in 1998). We see both costs and benefits from these developments in the cross-border bank exposures. On the one hand, systemic risk in international financial markets is likely to increase because of the more direct and more widely spreading spillover effects of a crisis in one country once it occurs. On the other hand, efficiency of international financial markets is expected to further improve in terms of capital and risk allocation.
Purification and characterization of chitinase from Gliocladium catenulatum strain HL-1-1

Chitinase was isolated and purified from Gliocladium catenulatum through ammonium sulfate sedimentation, sephadex G-25 gel filtration, deionization, ultra filtration condensation, negative ion exchange separation, and non-denaturing gel electrophoresis. A 51 kDa chitinase was purified from the fungus through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimum temperature and pH for chitinase activity were 60°C and pH 6.0, respectively. The enzyme solution was stable from 20 to 40°C and pH 4 to 5. Co2+ and Ca2+ were conducive to the enzyme activity, whereas the Fe3+, Cu2+, and Ag+ evidently inhibited the enzyme activity. Fe2+, Na+, K+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ showed less inhibitory effects on the enzyme activity. The Km of the chitinase was 2.832 mg ml-1. The chitanase were found to inhibit the hyphal growth, conidial germination and sclerotial germination of various plant pathogenic fungi. Key words: Gliocladium catenulatum, chitinases, purification, characteristics.
Career success across eleven countries: implications for international human resource management

This qualitative study examines perceived meanings of career success across eleven countries. The results show that people define career success in ways that enrich and illuminate the basic dichotomy of objective and subjective career success and establish their relative strengths across countries. Juxtaposing our data with human resource management (HRM) practices, we contribute to the universalist versus contextualist debate in HRM by adding the career management angle. We shed light on the relative importance of cultural and institutional factors for HRM in the area of careers and add a global perspective to the discussion about agentic careers. In our discussion we offer practical suggestions for multinational companies including how to individualize HRM to address diverse views of career success.
Premium Puzzle in a Data-Rich Environment

Standard consumption-based asset pricing models focus on the consumption risk, seen as the only source of fluctuations and information about risk for the informed investor. These models, however, can account for high expected excess stock return only when assuming implausible relative risk aversion. This paper adds additional risk factors to the standard C-CAPM model to resolve both the equity premium and the risk-free rate puzzles as well as the risk-free rate volatility puzzle. By adding other relevant risk factors, the resulting pricing model is able to explain these puzzles relying on admissible range of local relative risk aversion. The model generates, also, a time-varying relative risk aversion and intertemporal elasticity of substitution.
On the mesoscale monitoring capability of Argo floats in the Mediterranean Sea

Abstract. In this work a simplified observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) approach is used to investigate which Argo design sampling in the Mediterranean Sea would be necessary to properly capture the mesoscale dynamics in this basin. The monitoring of the mesoscale features is not an initial objective of the Argo network. However, it is an interesting question from the perspective of future network extensions in order to improve the ocean state estimates. The true field used to conduct the OSSEs is provided by a specific altimetry-gridded merged product for the Mediterranean Sea. Synthetic observations were obtained by sub-sampling this Nature Run according to different configurations of the ARGO network. The observation errors required to perform the OSSEs were obtained through the comparison of sea level anomalies (SLAs) from altimetry and dynamic height anomalies (DHAs) computed from the real in situ Argo network. This analysis also contributes to validate satellite SLAs with an increased confidence. The simulation experiments show that a configuration similar to the current Argo array in the Mediterranean (with a spatial resolution of 2° × 2°) is only able to recover the large-scale signals of the basin. Increasing the spatial resolution to nearly 75 km × 75 km, allows the capture of most of the mesoscale signal in the basin and to retrieve the SLA field with a RMSE of 3 cm for spatial scales larger than 150 km, similar to those presently captured by the altimetry. This would represent a theoretical reduction of 40 % of the actual RMSE. Such a high-resolution Argo array composed of around 450 floats, cycling every 10 days, is expected to increase the actual network cost by approximately a factor of 6.
Nonlocal anomalous Hall effect in ternary alloys based on noble metals

We present a theoretical study of the nonlocal anomalous Hall effect induced by heavy-metal impurities in dilute magnetic alloys based on noble metals. The results of our first-principles calculations are shown in comparison to those obtained within a model consideration via Matthiessen’s rule. Based on the transport properties of the constituent binary alloys, we reveal optimal host-impurity combinations to enhance the phenomenon. In particular, this allows us to explain experimental findings showing a strong effect in Cu-based alloys but a vanishing effect in the case of the Au host.
The impact of management development system on firm performance : Comparing Asia with Europe

This paper examines the impact of management development system on firm performance through data collected from 146 organisations from four Asian countries and 584 organisations from six European countries. The analysis shows that the management development system is significantly associated with human resources outcomes (the firm‟s ability to attract and retain essential employees, and better inter-firm relationships), which in turn contributes to firm performance outcomes (improved product quality, product development and better customer satisfaction). Importantly, location (i.e., Asia versus Europe) and firm size (i.e., SMEs and Large) have significant effects on the management development system and human resources outcomes.
Data journeys: Capturing the socio-material constitution of data objects and flows

In this paper, we discuss the development and piloting of a new methodology for illuminating the socio-material constitution of data objects and flows as data move between different sites of practice. The data journeys approach contributes to the development of critical, qualitative methodologies that can address the geographic and temporal scale of emerging knowledge infrastructures, and capture the ‘life of data’ from their initial generation through to re-use in different contexts. We discuss the theoretical development of the data journeys methodology and the application of the approach on a project examining meteorological data on their journey from initial production through to being re-used in climate science and financial markets. We then discuss three key conceptual findings from this project about: (1) the socio-material constitution of digital data objects, (2) ‘friction’ in the movement of data through space and time and (3) the mutability of digital data as a material property that contributes to driving the movement of data between different sites of practice.
Lattice vertex polytopes with interior lattice points.

Introduction. In real Euclidean space R of dimension D there is the lattice Z of points with integer coordinates. Unless a different lattice is specified, a lattice point will mean a point of Z D , and a lattice simplex or lattice convex polytope will mean a simplex or convex polytope whose vertices are integer points, that is, elements of Z. The interior in R of a set S is denoted by S°; if the affine span of S has dimension less than D, we denote the relative interior of S by S'. Consider a lattice convex polytope P CR with the number K = #(P° Π Z) of interior lattice points non-zero, and with a total of J = $(P Π Z) lattice points. Our principal result is that J is bounded above by a function B(K, D) of K and D alone. For the case of zero symmetric convex polytopes P there is no need to assume that the vertices are lattice points. By Van der Corput's generalization of Minkowski's theorem vol(P) < K-2 [4]. f By a theorem of Blichfeldt, if the lattice points of P span R, / < D + D\ vol(P) [I] 5 5 . Otherwise we can consider a subspace of R and get the same inequality / < D + D\K2. On the other hand if P need not be symmetric or have lattice point vertices then even for D — 2 and K — 1, / can be arbitrarily large. For instance, P might be the convex hull of (-«,0), (0,1 + \/n), («,0). With the restriction to lattice point vertices and D — 2 we have Scott's result that J < 3K + 7 (3K + 6 for K > 1), and of course when D = 1 we have trivially / < K + 2. These three bounds are best possible. Our results are far from best possible, but in any case the largest possible / grows rapidly with D, even for K — 1. Zaks, Perles and Wills have given examples of lattice simplices in R for which K = 1 and / > 2° ' [11]. There are some grounds for the belief that these examples are best possible. (See §4.) The existence of B(K, D) will follow from some facts about Diophantine approximation which we now establish.