Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Tutorial on the Piecewise Regression Approach Applied to Bedload Transport Data

This tutorial demonstrates the application of piecewise regression to bedload data to define a shift in phase of transport so that the reader may perform similar analyses on available data. The use of piecewise regression analysis implicitly recognizes different functions fit to bedload data over varying ranges of flow. The transition from primarily low rates of sand transport (Phase I) to higher rates of sand and coarse gravel transport (Phase II) is termed “breakpoint” and is defined as the flow where the fitted functions intersect. The form of the model used here fits linear segments to different ranges of data, though other types of functions may be used. Identifying the transition in phases is one approach used for defining flow regimes that are essential for self-maintenance of alluvial gravel bed channels. First, the statistical theory behind piecewise regression analysis and its procedural approaches are presented. The reader is then guided through an example procedure and the code for generating an analysis in SAS is outlined. The results from piecewise regression analysis from a number of additional bedload datasets are presented to help the reader understand the range of estimated values and confidence limits on the breakpoint that the analysis provides. The identification and resolution of problems encountered in bedload datasets are also discussed. Finally, recommendations on a minimal number of samples required for the analysis are proposed.
A 2–D Mathematical Model of Vortex Induced Vibration Driven Bladeless Wind Turbine

Bladeless wind turbine (BWT) is a flexible cylindrical structure that extracts energy from wind by utilising vortex-induced vibration (VIV) - aerodynamic forces and the resulting structural vibration. This work focuses on taking possible advantage of the increase in lift forces in the similar fashion to birds flying in a V-formation. The purposes of the present study are 1) to study the flow pattern and characteristic around two BWTs which are cylindrical structures in the same flow field and 2) to study the extra lift force generation of the system. 2–D CFD models are used to simulate flow of stationary cylinder of BWTs at Re = 105. The two different turbulent models, Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes shear-stress transport k(RANS–SST k) and Detached Eddy Simulation shear-stress transport k(DES–SST k) are investigated. The results show that only DES–SST kgives converged results, therefore, DES–SST kis selected for the additional studies of two cylindrical structures. From 2–D CFD simulation, the one BWT in flow field case produces lift coefficient 0.851. In the case of two BTWs in same flow field (BWT no.2 is located at x = 3D, y = 0D, directly downstream of two cylinders), BTW no.1 and BWT no.2 show greater lift coefficients of 0.893 and 1.841, respectively. This result indicates that the kinetic energy generation of the downstream BWT in the two BWTs system in this study is greater than the baseline BWT with an increase of 116% of lift. Further work is needed to determine the optimum location of the behind wind turbine for greater lift and result to increasing of energy produce of the system.
Towards successful Web-based smoking relapse prevention : the efficacy of a computer tailored program incorporating post-motivational components & an attentional bias modification program

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Autismo y trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad:: convergencias y divergencias en el funcionamiento ejecutivo y la teoría de la mente

Introduccion. Aunque los criterios diagnosticos del autismo y del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) en el DSM-IV-TR no se solapan, la presencia de sintomas de TDAH en individuos con un diagnostico clinico de autismo es muy elevada. A su vez, los ninos con TDAH pueden tener rasgos autistas, aunque los mas prevalentes son las dificultades sociales y de comunicacion. El analisis del perfil en las funciones ejecutivas y en la teoria de la mente (ToM) podria ayudar a explicar el solapamiento y la diferenciacion entre ambos trastornos. Objetivo. Revisar los hallazgos de estudios empiricos en los que se ha comparado a ninos con TDAH y con autismo en indicadores de funcionamiento ejecutivo y ToM. Desarrollo. La revision de las investigaciones sugiere la existencia de patrones distintos en el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) y en el TDAH cuando el funcionamiento ejecutivo se segmenta en componentes. Los ninos con TDAH experimentan deficit en el control inhibitorio mientras que los ninos con TEA tienen mas problemas en flexibilidad cognitiva y en planificacion. En cuanto al dominio de las habilidades mentales se producen diferencias evolutivas, asi como en su gravedad. Los ninos mas pequenos con TEA experimentan mayores deficiencias en la ToM en comparacion con los ninos con TDAH y un deficit primario en la orientacion social. Conclusiones. Aunque los avances son importantes, quedan asuntos pendientes por aclarar, entre los que destaca el analisis de como afecta un pobre desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas al desarrollo de la ToM, con estudios longitudinales que analicen las trayectorias evolutivas de ninos con TEA y ninos con TDAH.
The short-term effect of manipulation of selected cervical spinal segments on the peak torque of the rotator cuff in asymtomatic patients with and without mechanical cervical spine dysfunction

Strengthening of the rotator cuff muscles forms an integral part of any rehabilitation programme for the shoulder. Shoulder rehabilitation programmes which incorporate early motion and emphasize strengthening, have a lower incidence of recurrent subluxations and dislocations. If cervical manipulation were proven to increase the strength of the rotator cuff muscles, then this could be used to develop and implement more effective treatment and rehabilitation protocols for patients with musculoskeletal painful shoulders and rotator cuff pathologies, and therefore provide future patients with more effective health care. Studies have shown consistent reflex responses associated with spinal manipulative treatments. These reflex responses have been hypothesized to cause the clinically beneficial effects of decreasing hypertonicity in muscles, pain reduction and increasing the functional ability of the patient, and although spinal manipulation has been shown to affect muscle strength, it has not been extensively researched and it is unclear whether increased muscle strength is yet another reflex effect of manipulation. As the rotator cuff is innervated by nerves arising from the mid and lower cervical spine, it is theorised that dysfunction of the spinal joints adversely affects nerve endings, causing inhibition of nerve function and affecting the rotator cuff. This is congruent with research which describes how there could be a decrease in muscular activity due to interference with the nerve supply of a muscle by means of a spinal joint fixation. In light of this, one could hypothesize that removal of a cervical joint dysfunction by manipulation, could increase motor unit recruitment and muscular activity of the muscles supplied by that cervical level and therefore possibly strengthen the muscles involved. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine whether cervical manipulation could contribute to the strengthening process of the rotator cuff.
Current and future markers for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer

Today, immunohistochemical markers are routinely used alone or in association to examine thyroid lesions but without sufficient sensitivity and specificity regarding to cancer diagnosis. Additional markers are currently identified among genetic alterations or miRNA panels carrying significant diagnostic values. Combining immunostaining data, mutation status, gene rearrangement and miRNA expression should help to define an integrative signature for the accurate diagnosis of thyroid carcinomas.
The design of a rotor blade test facility

The Design of a Rotor Blade Test Facility Jason W. Gill The Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department has developed a need for test facilities related to rotorcraft, specifically facilities capable of testing scaled rotorcraft models and experimental propellers and rotors. A design was completed to fill these needs. The design included several factors; aerodynamic conditions during operation, flexibility of application, ease and cost of construction, and safety. The aerodynamic conditions involved in the testing of rotors or propellers in static conditions were investigated. Other testing involving downwash impingement on wings was considered and incorporated into the design. In addition, the design of the power transmission components was completed. This included the power requirements for testing, drivetrain components, and selection of electric motor and controller for use. Finite element analysis of the facility’s frame in static loading conditions was completed in Pro/Mechanica to determine response to operational loads.
A Stepped-care Approach to Smoking Cessation and Harm Reduction

Robert Carels, Advisor Smoking is the most preventable cause of death in the US (American Cancer Society, 2004). Despite a significant public health need for effective cessation interventions, the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions has declined over the past 15 years (Piasecki & Baker, 2001; Irvin and Brandon, 2000). The purpose of this study was to examine a stepped-care approach to smoking cessation and harm reduction. Stepped-care has been proposed as a promising, yet relatively unexplored approach to smoking cessation (Piasecki & Baker, 2001). In a stepped-care program, participants who are not responding therapeutically to the current level of treatment (i.e. experience significant difficulties or failure) are stepped-up to a more intensive form of treatment. In this study, individual problem solving therapy (PST) was used as the stepped-care component. The participants in this study were 40 smokers from the community. While all participants were engaged in an 8-session cognitive-behavioral group smoking cessation program, half of the participants were eligible to be stepped-up to individual PST when they experienced difficulties meeting their smoking reduction goals. Alternative measures of success (i.e., harm reduction) included progression along the stages of change model as measured by the Stages of Change Algorithm, Processes of Change Inventory, Decisional Balance Inventory, Self-Efficacy/Temptation Inventory, and the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SEQ-12), as well as reductions in nicotine exposure and the ability to achieve a 24-hour quit attempt.
Measurement of the form factors of the decay B0→D⊃* -ℓ+νℓ and determination of the CKM matrix element |Vcb|

This article describes a determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element vertical bar V-cb vertical bar from the decay B-0 -> D*(-) l(+) v(l) using 711 fb(-1) of Belle data collected near the Y(4S) resonance. We simultaneously measure the product of the form factor normalization F(1) and the matrix element vertical bar V-cb vertical bar as well as the three parameters rho(2), R-1(1) and R-2(1), which determine the form factors of this decay in the framework of the heavy quark effective theory. The results, based on about 120 000 reconstructed B-0 -> D*(-) l(+) v(l) decays, are rho(2) = 1.214 +/- 0.034 +/- 0.009, R-1(1) = 1.401 +/- 0.034 +/- 0.018, R-2(1) = 0.864 +/- 0.024 +/- 0.008 and F(1)vertical bar V-cb vertical bar = (34.6 +/- 0.2 +/- 1.0) x 10(-3). The branching fraction of B-0 -> D*(-) l(+) v(l) is measured at the same time; we obtain a value of B-0 -> D*(-) l(+) v(l) = (4.58 +/- 0.03 +/- 0.26)%. The errors correspond to the statistical and systematic uncertainties. These results give the most precise determination of the form factor parameters and F(1)vertical bar V-cb vertical bar to date. In addition, a direct, model-independent determination of the form factor shapes has been carried out.
Schizophrenia and its association with biological and environmental factors: a community based study.

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the proportion of probable schizophrenia in Arab population visiting primary health care centers and investigate its associated biologic and environmental factors. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Primary Health Care (PHC) centres, Supreme Council of Health, Qatar, between January 2009 to December 2010. Subjects: Of 1491 Arab patients approached, 1148 patients agreed to participate in the study (77%). Methods: The study was based on a face to face interview with a designed questionnaire including socio-demographic, biologic and environmental factors. A diagnostic screening questionnaire which consisted of 6 questions about the symptoms of schizophrenic disorders was used for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Results: Of the studied subjects, 11.7% of them were diagnosed with schizophrenia. A significant association was observed between schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic Research Article British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 4(1): 202-214, 2014 203 patients in terms of age group (p=0.048), BMI (p=0.019), gender (p=0.027), ethnicity (p=0.008), marital status (p=0.001), occupation (p<0.001), household income (p<0.001) and place of residence (p=0.039). Obstetric complications were significantly higher in schizophrenic patients with a higher frequency of pregnancy stress (31.3%; p<0.001) and diabetes (20.1%; p=0.008). Among the obstetric complications, Rhesus incompatibility (OR 2.74; 95% CI (1.16-6.47); P=0.021) and pregnancy stress (OR 2.51; 95% CI (1.60-3.94); P<0.001) were the major predictors for the development of schizophrenia. Delivery complications of asphyxia (17.9%; p=0.003), uterine atony (10.4%; p=0.028) and emergency caesarean section (17.2%; p=0.024) were significantly higher in mothers of the patients. Urban upbringing (OR 1.60; 95% CI (1.02 2.50); P<0.037) and social isolation (OR 1.72; 95% CI (1.06-2.74); P<0.027) were the main significant environmental risk factors for schizophrenia. Conclusion: An increasing schizophrenia risk with obstetric complications was observed in the study sample. Rhesus incompatibility and pregnancy stress were the main predictors for schizophrenia.
Deep neural network for plasmonic sensor modeling

Metallic plasmonic nanostructures have been widely used for ultra-sensitive, label-free and real-time chemical and biological molecule sensors. Computational modeling is the key for plasmonic sensor design and performance optimization, which relies on time-consuming electromagnetic simulations, and only the optimized result is useful while all other computation results are wasted. Deep learning method enabled by artificial neural networks provides a powerful and efficient tool to construct accurate correlation between plasmonic geometric parameters and resonance spectra. Without the need to run any costly simulations, the spectra of millions of different nanostructures can be obtained and the cost is only a one-time investment of two thousand groups of training data. This approach can be easily applied to other similar types of nanophotonic system which can help eliminate the simulation step and expedite the photonic sensor design process.
Narrow Syntax and Phonological Form: Scrambling in the Germanic languages

‘Scrambling’, the kind of word order variation found in West Germanic languages, has been commonly treated as a phenomenon completely unrelated to North Germanic ‘Object Shift’. This book questions this view and defends a unified analysis on the basis of strictly syntactic and phonological evidence. Given that its main conclusions are drawn from German data, it also sheds light on several problematic aspects of the grammar of this language, which have traditionally resisted a principled account. Prominent among these are: the inconsistent behaviour of German coherent infinitives with respect to extraction of their internal arguments; the existence of a less ‘liberal’ type of ‘Scrambling’ within topicalised VPs; the link between reordering possibilities and headfinalness; the asymmetry exhibited by monotransitive and ditransitive structures with respect to the interaction between ‘Scrambling’ and the unmarked word order, and, finally, certain anomalies in the reordering of the lower arguments of ditransitive predicates that assign inherent case.
Revisiting Counting Solutions for the Global Cardinality Constraint

Counting solutions for a combinatorial problem has been identified as an important concern within the Artificial Intelligence field. It is indeed very helpful when exploring the structure of the solution space. In this context, this paper revisits the computation process to count solutions for the global cardinality constraint in the context of counting-based search. It first highlights an error and then presents a way to correct the upper bound on the number of solutions for this constraint.
Estimations and Optimal Tests in Some Parametric Models

In the present paper, we introduce an efficient method for the estimation in the multidimensional case. The key idea is based on a good assessment of the error without using confidence intervals. The consistency of the proposed estimate is established. Consequently, we discuss the estimation in statistical tests corresponding to parametric context, and prove that this kind of estimators ensures the optimality of statistical tests. We partially extend the scope of our study to some processes. In order to examine the performance of our methodology, finite sample results are performed. This work completes and extends in nontrivial way the results obtained by Lounis (2017).
Advanced Engineering Mathematics

Part 1 Linear algebra: introduction vector spaces linear transformations The solution of simultaneous linear algebraic equations schems for solution of linear equations partitioned matrices. Part 2 Eigenvalue problems: algebraic determination of eigenvalues further results on eigenvalues quadratic forms and their reduction boundary-value problems finding the eigenvalue of largest modulus determination of other eigenvalues. Part 3 Optimization: linear programming - graphical solution the simplex algorithm non-linear optimization search techniques in one variable functions of several variables - direct search methods calculas approach to functions of several variables methods using the gradient of a function. Part 4 Ordinary differential equations: one-step and multistep methods predictor-corrector methods linear difference equations stability of numerical procedures case study - surge tank phase-plane diagrams boundary-value problems. Part 5 Special functions: a problem in heat transfer series solution of ordinary differential equations the gamma function bessel functions of the first and second kind modifeied bessel functions transformations of bessel's equation an intoduction to legendre polynomials solution of partial differential equations. Part 6 Fourier series approximations: approximation of a function by a trigonometic series examples of fourier series odd and even functions - half-range series further features of fourier series trigonometric series approximation of discrete data. Part 7 Partial differential equations: steady state temperature distribution in a plate some basic ideas separation of variables method origin of some partial differential equations parabolic equations - finite difference methods elliptic equations. Part 8 Integral transforms: basic results on the laplace transform finite fourier transforms infinite fourier transforms solution of heat conduction equation. Part 9 Integration and vector field theory: scalar and vector fields - differentiation and integration of vectors the gradient of a scalar field divergence of a vector field line integrals curl of a vector field vector identities double integration further features of double integrals triple integrals green's theorem in the plane surface integral-stokes' theorem gauss divergence theorem. Part 10 Functions of a complex variable: analytic functions - the cauchy-riemann equations standard functions of a complex variable complex potential and conformal mapping further conformal mappings complex integrals taylor and laurent series the residue theorem evaluation of real integrals further applications of contour integration. Part 11 Statistical methods: tests of hypotheses mean of a small sample - the t test test of sample variance - the x2 distribution sample variances - the f test comparison of sample means introduction to analaysis of variance introduction to simple linear regression.
Talking healthy eating : a study of the dietary practices of mothers and grandmothers

Food practices are influenced by numerous factors, including the meanings that food holds and the conception of self and acceptance within a community (O'Neill et al 2004). Generational and socioeconomic differences are also influential with James et al (1997) suggesting that diet has a lifelong effect on the health of socially disadvantaged people leading to "an intergenerational spiral of ill health and handicap. " The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate some of the factors that influence the dietary behaviour of women from different generations. A questionnaire was developed from a thematic analysis of interviews with parents and grandparents. The results showed differences in perceptions around dietary practices between two generations of women. The grandmothers chose and enjoyed "healthy" foods more often, and were less influenced by external forces, Mothers were more susceptible to emotional eating and to external influences. The results of the questionnaire were used to inform the focus groups which raised issues around the environments that determine food choice, and the difficulties that lifestyles and working arrangements pose for many women. Women in both familial roles reminisced about eating and feeding patterns and expressed that foods not made "from scratch" promoted guilty feelings and that anything "fried" or processed was automatically rendered nutritionally deficient. ln the focus groups there was also an emphasis on the environment and how it impacts on food choice. The data reinforced the belief that psychological as well as social and environmental influences are key in understanding why foods are chosen. Giddens' (1992) theory of structuration has been introduced to explore the impact of environment on food choice while Erikson's (1962) concept of generativity has been identified as an area of research to build on the current findings.