Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Conflicts in Human Pregnancy

Pragnancy has commonly been viewed as a cooperative interaction between a mother and her fetus. The effects of natural selection on genes expressed in fetuses, however, may be opposed by the effects of natural selection on genes expressed in mothers. In this sense, a genetic conflict can be said to exist between maternal and fetal genes. Fetal genes will be selected to increase the transfer of nutrients to their fetus, and maternal genes will be selected to limit transfers in excess of some maternal optimum. Thus a process of evolutionary escalation is predicted in which fetal actions are opposed by maternal countermeasures. The phenomenon of genomic imprinting means that a similar conflict exists within fetal cells between genes that are expressed when maternally derived, and genes that are expressed when paternally derived. During implantation, fetally derived cells (trophoblast) invade the maternal endometrium and remodel the endometrial spiral arteries into low-resistance vessels that are unable to constrict. This invasion has three consequences. First, the fetus gains direct access to its mother's arterial blood. Therefore, a mother cannot reduce the nutrient content of blood reaching the placenta without reducing the nutrient supply to her own tissues. Second, the volume of blood reaching the placenta becomes largely independent of control by the local maternal vasculature. Third, the placenta is able to release hormones and other substances directly into the maternal circulation. Placental hormones, including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (hPL), are predicted to manipulate maternal physiology of fetal benefit. For example, hPL is proposed to act on maternal prolactin receptors to increase maternal resistance to insulin. If unopposed, the effect of hPL would be to maintain higher blood glucose levels for longer periods after meals. This action, however, is countered by increased maternal production of insulin. Gestational diabetes develops if the mother is unable to mount an adequate response to fetal manipulation. Similarly, fetal genes are predicted to enhance the flow of maternal blood through the placenta by increasing maternal blood pressure. Preeclampsia can be interpreted as an attempt by a poorly nourished fetus to increase its supply of nutrients by increasing the resistance of its mother's peripheral circulation.
Coagulation and fibrinolysis in chronic venous insufficiency.

BACKGROUND Varicose veins (VV) are common, but only some patients will develop chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) with skin changes or venous ulcer. The pathophysiology of venous ulcer development is complex, and may involve abnormalities in coagulation, fibrinolysis and proinflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this study was to correlate plasma markers within these systems and skin pathology. METHOD A group of twenty consecutive patients with active or recent venous ulcer were matched for sex and age with further three groups of individuals i.e. controls and patients with VV with and without skin changes respectively. Blood samples were analysed for hemoglobin (HB), total platelet count (TPC), C-reactive protein (CRP), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin complex (PT), fibrinogen, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), prothrombin fragments 1 and 2 (F1 + 2), and thrombin antithrombin III complex (TAT). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION There was an increase of systemic levels of PAI-1 activity and tPA with progressive skin pathology in patients with CVI, and in the group with active ulcer there was an elevation of F1 + 2. Those findings could reflect a defect fibrinolysis, a thrombotic potential or a damaged endothelium.
Correlation of Hypoxia Inducible factor-1α and Vascular Endothelium Growth Factor in Rat Myocardium During Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise

Background: Exercise increases the need for oxygen to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. If the high energy demand during exercise is not balanced by sufficient oxygen supply, hypoxia occurs in skeletal muscle tissue leading to upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). The activity of HIF-1α increases the expression of various genes in order to reduce the metabolic dependence on oxygen and to increase oxygen supply to the tissue, e.g., VEGF which plays a role in angiogenesis. In myocardium, it is unclear whether exercise leads to hypoxia and whether HIF-1α and VEGF play a role in the mechanism of hypoxic adaptation. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of HIF-1α and VEGF in heart muscle tissue of rats during aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Methods: A rat treadmill was used with a specific exercise program for 1, 3, 7 and 10 days. The concentrations of HIF-1α and VEGF were measured the myocardium. Results: Both, HIF-1α protein and VEGF were increased (p < 0.05) in the groups with aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Concentrations of HIF-1α were highest on the first day of activity, being higher in the anaerobic than in the aerobic group (156.8 ± 33.1 vs. 116.03 ± 5.66). Likewise, the highest concentration of VEGF in the group with anaerobic exercise occurred on the first day (36.37 ± 2:35), while in the aerobic group, VEGF concentration was highest on day 3 (40.66 ± 1.73). The correlation between the myocardial tissue consentrations of HIF-1α and VEGF is moderate (r = 0.59) in the aerobic group and strong in the anaerobic group (r = 0.69). Conclusion: Aerobic and anaerobic exercise increase HIF-1α and VEGF concentrations in rat myocardium in specific patterns. The anaerobic condition triggers vascularization stronger and obviously earlier than aerobic exercise. (Med J Indones. 2012;21:133-40) Keywords: Exercise, HIF-1α, myocardium, VEGF
Improved metabolic profile after switch to darunavir/ritonavir in HIV positive patients previously on protease inhibitor therapy

Metabolic abnormalities associated with cumulative exposure to antiretroviral therapy have been linked to an increased risk of myocardial infarction in HIV positive individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the switch from lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) or fosamprenavir/ritonavir (FPV/r) to darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) is able to improve the lipid profile. A total of 13 Caucasian subjects (7 from LPV/r and 6 from FPV/r) were enrolled in the study and received DRV/r at the dose of 800/100 mg, without change in their NRTI backbone. Viro‐immunological parameters, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TCh), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, fasting glucose, HOMA‐IR, indexes of hepatic and renal functionality, microalbuminuria and cystatin C were measured at baseline (T0), 3 months (T3), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12). The switch to DRV/r reduced levels of TCh, LDL, and TGs at T3. Similar improvements were confirmed further at T6 and at T12. A 14% increase in CD4+ count cells (P < 0.05) was observed. Serum cystatin C values showed a statistically significant decrease. After 12 months of switching to DRV/r from LPV/r or FPV/r, patients infected with HIV with TGs above 200 mg/dl, showed a 49% decrease in TGs, along with a 16% reduction of LDL and 19% reduction of TCh. Switching to DRV/r also improved immunological parameters, such as CD4+ cells count and cystatin C plasmatic levels, which may translate into a reduction of the cardiovascular risk. In conclusion, a switch to DRV/r should be considered in those HIV positive patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy, who also present abnormal lipid profiles. J. Med. Virol. 85:755–759, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Capsulotomy for refractory anxiety disorders: long-term follow-up of 26 patients.

OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of capsulotomy in patients with anxiety disorders. METHOD Twenty-six patients who had undergone bilateral thermocapsulotomy were followed up 1 year after the procedure and after a mean of 13 years. Primary diagnoses were generalized anxiety disorder (N=13), panic disorder (N=8), and social phobia (N=5). Measures of psychiatric status included symptom rating scales and neuropsychological testing. Ratings were done by psychiatrists not involved in patient selection or postoperative treatment. A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation was conducted to search for common anatomic denominators. Seventeen of the 23 patients who were alive at long-term follow-up were followed up in person, and one was interviewed by telephone; the relatives of these 18 patients were interviewed. RESULTS The reduction in anxiety ratings was significant both at 1-year and long-term follow-up. Seven patients, however, were rated as having substantial adverse symptoms; the most prominent adverse symptoms were apathy and dysexecutive behavior. Neuropsychological performance was significantly worse in the patients with adverse symptoms. No common anatomic denominator could be found in responders in the analysis of MRI scans. CONCLUSIONS Thermocapsulotomy is an effective treatment for selected cases of nonobsessive anxiety but may carry a significant risk of adverse symptoms indicating impairment of frontal lobe functioning. These findings underscore the importance of face-to-face assessments of adverse symptoms.
The role of convective plumes and vortices on the global aerosol budget

Atmospheric aerosols produce both a direct radiative forcing by scattering and absorbing solar and infrared radiation, and an indirect radiative forcing by altering cloud processes. Therefore, it is essential to understand the physical processes that contribute to the global aerosol budget. The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports that mineral dust contributes to ∼1/3 of all primary particle emissions to the atmosphere. The significance of mineral dust aerosol becomes evident when one considers the large surface area of arid and semi‐arid regions on most continents. It is evident from observations in the U.S. Southwest that convective plumes and vortices lift large quantities of desert dust. Here, we use a combination of observational data and theory to determine the role of convective plumes and vortices on the global aerosol budget. We show that convective plumes and vortices contribute to about 35% of the global budget of mineral dust.
Predicting Rumen Microbial Population and Volatile Fatty Acids in Growing Rams Fed Avocado Seeds with Orange Peels Meal as Replacement for Guinea Grass

The West African Dwarf (WAD) growing rams, aged between 8 and 9 months with mean body weight of 8.00 ± 0.12kg were used to predict rumen microbial population and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) for 84days. The WAD growing rams were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments with eight rams per treatment group in a completely randomized design. The compared experimental diets were; diet A (solely 60% guinea grass which serves as the control group), diet B (avocado seeds with orange peels in a ratio of 25:35) and diet C (avocado seeds with orange peels in a ration of 20:40). Concentrate supplement of 40% was added to each of the experimental diet. The results showed that rumen fungi (40.26mm 2 ), rumen pH (6.78), acetic acid (46.77%) and acetic: propionic ratios (3.89%) were significantly (P < 0.05) highest in growing rams on diet A compared to other treatment diets. Rumen ammonia nitrogen concentration (18.04mg/100ml), rumen protozoa (14.01 x 10 3 ml), rumen bacteria (16.02 x 10 9 ml), propionic acid (21.51%) and butyric acid (12.85%) were significantly (P < 0.05) better in growing rams on diet B, whereas rumen temperature (38.95 0 C) and total volatile fatty acids (88.01mmol/litre) were significantly (P < 0.05) highest in growing rams on diet C. It is concluded that avocado seeds with orange peels meal in a ratio 25:35 respectively, has the potential to replace guinea grass in the diet of WAD growing rams.
The Impact of Academics in Start-Ups Emerging from Universities

The US has a long tradition of university research being spun out to form new high tech business. Many have grown to become leading firms not only within the US but internationally. In Europe there has been much less of a tradition of universities encouraging faculty to develop their research competency and outputs as new businesses. It is only in relatively recent times that attention has focused on this as a way of enhancing the position of the university, generating more income and prestige and enabling mutually beneficial partnerships with the corporate world. In addition, as global competition accelerates in more traditional industries, these knowledge-intensive businesses are seen by governments at all levels as offering the potential for competitive advantage to regions and countries and new high quality jobs. Driven by budgetary cuts from central governments, European universities have increasingly been forced to look for new sources of revenue. A focus on commercialisation has led to many new start-ups based on leading edge research and some examples of new enterprises achieving rapid growth. But many seem to fail either to find a sustainable market or, despite public funding being channelled into such firms, at the stages where venture capital is required. One long established success factor for starts ups is the network of the entrepreneur and how it is used. In this paper we present new thinking about the importance of the network of the entrepreneur as a support for growing such businesses. We examine the literature on social network theory and its application to entrepreneurship. We then present a model of the role of the social network. Following this we look at the particular circumstances of the university spin-out with particular reference to two key domains of leadership - technical leadership and commercial leadership. This enables us to examine university spin-outs to see how thy have structured themselves, the capabilities within the enterprise, the extent to which the entrepreneurial leadership is networked, the form of networks and their impact on the success or otherwise of the business. An exploratory study is presented in which the model is tested using the case method. Conclusions drawn will be of particular relevance to researchers seeking to undertake quantitative research in this field. They will also be of interest to practitioners setting up such businesses, particularly those coming from an academic background, the many venture capitalists seeking investment opportunities and consultants offering support to such ventures.
Prevalence of genotype‐specific human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia in Taiwan: A community‐based survey of 10,602 women

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical neoplasia; but limited data are available from Asia. We conducted a large‐scale community‐based cohort study in Taiwan to estimate prevalence of genotype‐specific HPV infection and cervical neoplasia. Following written informed consent, cervical cells for cytology and HPV testing were collected from 11,923 participants (aged 30–65 years old, mean 46.3) in 1991–1992. Genotyping was performed using MY11/GP6+ PCR‐based HPV Blot (EasyChip) for 39 HPV types. The overall HPV prevalence was 16.2% for 10,602 eligible participants, and 13.8% for 10,190 cytologically normal participants. The most common carcinogenic types were HPV52 (2.5%), HPV16 (2.0%), HPV56 (1.8%), HPV18 (1.6%), HPV33 (1.2%), HPV58 (1.3%) and HPV39 (1.0%). Among the 56 prevalent invasive and in situ cases, HPV16 (48.2%) was most common, followed by HPV58 (25.0%), HPV52 (19.6%), HPV31 (8.9%), HPV33 (8.9%) and HPV18 (3.6%). HPV16 and HPV58 caused cytological HSIL+ at younger ages than HPV52. Approximately half of the cervical cancer cases and high‐grade precursors in Taiwan could be prevented by prophylactic vaccines against HPV16 and HPV18 infection. Up to 40% more could be prevented by targeting HPV58, HPV52, HPV33 and HPV31, arguing for the introduction of vaccines including more types.
Prostaglandin E2 Enters the Brain following Stimulation of the Acute Phase Immune Response a

Fever is a major manifestation of the acute phase of the immune response to infection by a variety of microorganisms including bacteria and viruses. The rise iv body temperature which characterises a febrile episode is thought to be the result of the actions of prostaglandin E, (PGE,) in the preoptic anterior hypothalamic region of the brain. The actions of exogenous pyrogenic agents such as bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) and polyinosinic : polycytidylic acid (poly I : C) are thought to be mediated by the endogenous production of interleukin-1 (IL1) which concomitantly stimulates the biosynthesis of PGE,. Both the exogenous pyrogens and IL-1 have been shown to stimulate the biosynthesis of PGE, both in vitro and in vivo but are unable to cross the blood brain barrier and penetrate into the brain. It has been shown that radiolabelled lipopolysaccharide given peripherally is not detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from the cisterna magna whilst being able to produce fever indicating that the lipopolysaccharide does not cross the blood brain barrier.3 Similarly it has also been shown that IL-1 does not cross the blood brain barrier. Purified natural ['251]IL-1 and recombinant ['251]IL-la have been administered peripherally, and it has been demonstrated that no radioactivity enters the brain paren~hyma. ~. ' In addition no interleukin-1 can be detected in the CSF of cats after the i.v. administration of endotoxin.6 Measurements of IL-1 activity in the study of Coceani et a1.6 were carried out on samples of CSF taken during the rising phase of the endotoxin fever and at the peak of the febrile response indicating that the increase in body temperature did not occur
Mechanics of the lung and chest wall

General anesthesia has a major effect on the motion and shape of the chest wall (diaphragm, thoracic and abdominal wall). The altered motion and shape of the chest wall changes the function of the lungs; the lungs become stiff, the elastic recoil pressure of the lungs increases, and the intrapulmonary distribution of inspired gas is changed. As a consequence of these alterations in lung function, pulmonary gas exchange becomes impaired. Other mechanisms such as attenuation or abolishment of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and hypocapnic bronchoconstriction may also contribute to the impaired pulmonary gas exchange during general anesthesia. It is the purpose of this review to discuss the effects of general anesthesia on pulmonary mechanics and pulmonary gas exchange.
Codevelopment of Delinquent and Depressive Symptoms Across Adolescence: Time-Invariant and Time-Varying Effects of School and Social Failure

The codevelopment of delinquent behaviors and depressive symptoms from Grade 9 to 11 was investigated on an Italian sample of 518 adolescents (399 male) after the transition to high school, evaluating the time-invariant effects of past school failure and social failure and the time-varying effects of school achievement and social problems. Bivariate latent growth model showed a positive correlation between the two intercepts and the two slopes, suggesting that during adolescence the two trajectories are reciprocally and causally related over time. Time-invariant predictors—past school failure and social failure—explain interindividual variability only for delinquent growth. Time-varying covariates—school achievement and social problems—are significantly associated with both trajectories. These time-varying variables can act as snares, mechanisms responsible for accelerating the otherwise normative pattern of increase of delinquent behaviors and actively retarding the normative decrease of depressive symptoms over adolescence. Findings highlight how interventions aimed to promote competence during adolescence can be an effective way to prevent psychopathology or to reduce its impact.
The Role of Strategic Human Resources Management in the Performance of Logistic Service Provider Firms: A Case Study of Owerri

Owing to the continuous changes in the external business environment, the function of Strategic Human Resources Management in organizations is of paramount importance. The function of the human resource (HR) department has over time, evolved from personnel management to Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) currently seen as a new breed in the management of human resource of organizations. Prior studies have found substantial positive evidence for statistical associations between SHRM practices and improved Logistics service provider’s performance. According to the resource-based view of the firm, an organization can effectively and efficiently achieve sustainability and competitive advantage by creating values that are rare and quite difficult for other competitors in the industry to imitate. Core competencies of logistic service providers can be created through Strategic Human Resources Management System (SHRMS) according to the resource-based view (Goh Hui Chyn, Maniam Kaliannan, 2011). SHRM is said to be operational in an organization when the human resource function is vertically aligned with the mission, vision and objectives of the organization and horizontally integrated with other goal oriented organizational functions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between (SHRM) practices and logistic firm performance with HR Practices in selected logistic provider in Nigeria as the focus. To explore the impact human resource management has on logistics performance in Nigeria, this study examines the relationship between, recruitment and selection, performance appraisal, compensation & benefits, health & safety, training and development, manpower planning, job description and disciplinary action. Data were collected using questionnaire sent to human resource managers and other staff in logistics service providers firms in Nigeria. A total of 84 useable responses were obtained and used for the purpose of analysis. Using hierarchical regression analysis, training and development, recruitment and selection, reward management and performance appraisal, manpower planning, job description and disciplinary action were found to be effective in building sustainable and competitive advantage in any logistic service provider. The implications of these findings in the contextual characteristics of logistic service provider’s capabilities in Nigeria are discussed, including avenues for further research. The findings can form the basis of useful recommendations for logistics managers in encouraging the practice of Strategic human resources management and for employees who are concerned with maintaining their competitive advantage for long-term organizational success and management efficiency and effectiveness.
Consistent chromosomal anomalies in keratinocyte cell lines derived from untreated malignant lesions of the oral cavity

Cytogenetic analysis has been carried out on 8 early passage cell lines derived from 8 untreated human oral squamous cell carcinomas. Clonal aberrations were detected in the karyotypes of each cell line. A high frequency of breakpoints were noted on chromosomes 1, 7, 8, 9, 11, and X. An isochromosome 8 was present in 6 out of 8 cell lines; isochromosome 9 (3 cell lines) and isochromosome 11 (1 cell line) were also found. In 4 out of 8 cell lines the X chromosome harboured breakpoints, a novel finding in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Breakpoints were common on chromosome 1, with 1p12–p13 most frequently involved. Tandem duplication of 11q13–q23, which contains a number of growth regulatory genes, was also noted in 2 cases. We correlate the sites of proto‐oncogenes and other growth control genes with chromosomal breakpoints and suggest that several of these may play a role in the pathogenesis of oral cancer. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.