Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dairy and industrial sources of trans fat do not impair peripheral insulin sensitivity in overweight women.

BACKGROUND The 2 major dietary sources of trans fatty acids (TFAs) are partially hydrogenated oils and ruminant-derived products. Epidemiologic data suggest that chronic consumption of industrial sources of TFAs could be damaging to insulin sensitivity, but intervention studies on this issue have remained inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The trial was designed to compare the effects of dairy compared with industrial sources of TFAs on insulin sensitivity in overweight women. DESIGN Sixty-three healthy women with abdominal obesity [waist circumference >88 cm and a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) >28] were recruited. After a run-in period, the volunteers were randomly assigned to consume 1 of 3 four-week diets: 60 g low-TFA lipids/d (0.54 g/d; n = 21), ruminant TFA-rich lipids (4.86 g/d; n = 21), or industrial TFA-rich lipids (5.58 g/d; n = 21). Changes in peripheral insulin sensitivity were assessed by using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. RESULTS After the intervention period, fasting glycemia and insulinemia and insulin sensitivity were not significantly modified in either group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that consumption of dairy- and industrial-source TFAs for 4 wk at nutritional levels do not impair peripheral insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant women. Our study may not preassess the effects of TFAs in normal insulin-sensitive individuals. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT00617435.
Short‐Term Elevation of Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Acute Lower Respiratory Infection

Rationale: Nearly 60% of U.S. children live in counties with particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 &mgr;m in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) concentrations above air quality standards. Understanding the relationship between ambient air pollution exposure and health outcomes informs actions to reduce exposure and disease risk. Objectives: To evaluate the association between ambient PM2.5 levels and healthcare encounters for acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI). Methods: Using an observational case‐crossover design, subjects (n = 146,397) were studied if they had an ALRI diagnosis and resided on Utah's Wasatch Front. PM2.5 air pollution concentrations were measured using community‐based air quality monitors between 1999 and 2016. Odds ratios for ALRI healthcare encounters were calculated after stratification by ages 0‐2, 3‐17, and 18 or more years. Measurements and Main Results: Approximately 77% (n = 112,467) of subjects were 0‐2 years of age. The odds of ALRI encounter for these young children increased within 1 week of elevated PM2.5 and peaked after 3 weeks with a cumulative 28‐day odds ratio of 1.15 per +10 &mgr;g/m3 (95% confidence interval, 1.12‐1.19). ALRI encounters with diagnosed and laboratory‐confirmed respiratory syncytial virus and influenza increased following elevated ambient PM2.5 levels. Similar elevated odds for ALRI were also observed for older children, although the number of events and precision of estimates were much lower. Conclusions: In this large sample of urban/suburban patients, short‐term exposure to elevated PM2.5 air pollution was associated with greater healthcare use for ALRI in young children, older children, and adults. Further exploration is needed of causal interactions between PM2.5 and ALRI.
Evolução intergeracional da estatura no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, entre 1945 e 2006: 2 - aspectos analíticos

This study used multivariate regression models to identify factors associated with the height trend in residents of Pernambuco State, Brazil, in 2006, born from 1945 onward. The data were from two population-based statewide surveys. In the final model for each age bracket, year of birth, gender, schooling, and residence in urban areas were positively associated with stature in adults, as well as in children and adolescents 5 to 19 years of age. In children under five years, in addition to these variables, birth weight and prenatal care were also positively associated, while diarrhea in the two weeks prior to the interview showed a negative association. The findings show that stature was favored by settings with better socioeconomic and environmental conditions.
Cyber-management of people with chronic disease: A potential solution to eHealth challenges

The evolving eHealth agenda presents a range of potential opportunities for the management and prevention of chronic disease. This paper identifies issues and barriers to the uptake of eHealth and describes a strategy (Healthy Outcomes for Australians© – HOFA) for creating a central knowledge filter and cyber space method for tracking health determinants through an interactive, social media platform. Discussion will be directed towards presenting contemporary interactive cyber platforms that are aimed at harnessing social media (Web 2.0) technologies in preparation for delivering effective early 21st century health care.
Influence of PRP on autogenous sinus grafts

Abstract: Since platelet -rich plasma (PRP) has been introduced to the field of oral surgery, it has become a widely accepted additive for bone regeneration treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the regenerative capacity of PRP in a sinus graft study on sheep. Twelve adult sheep underwent a bilateral sinus floor elevation procedure with cancellous bone from the iliac crest. Unilaterally, PRP was administrated to the bone graft. After 4 (six sheep) and 12 weeks (six sheep), bone biopsies were obtained from each site. With histomorphometric analysis we evaluated both the percentage of newly formed bone within the grafted site and the percentage of the contact area between the grafted bone and the newly formed bone. After 4 weeks the mean proportion of newly formed bone on the control side was 26.1%, whereas it was 29.2% on the test side. After 12 weeks it was 46.9% on the control side and 51.1% on the test side. The area of contact between the graft and the newly formed bone was 73.0% on the control side and 78.5% on the test side after 4 weeks, and 87.2% on the control side and 90.1% on the test side after 12 weeks. A statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences between the control and the test side. The results of the present experimental study show a regenerative capacity of PRP of quite low potency. Further basic research is needed to investigate more profoundly the possibilities of PRP in bone regeneration.
Assessing user perceptions of staff training requirements in the substance use workforce: A review of the literature

Although the potential range of the workforce that may positively interact with substance users is large, and takes in all who may have to deal with substance use issues in some way, the literature mainly focuses on user views of specialist substance use or health and social care staff. With client-centred care a key policy of modern service delivery, this review assesses the available literature on service user perceptions of staff abilities and comments on possible training needs. Many service users rated a positive attitude towards the user as the key staff attribute that enhanced quality of care. There was also evidence that generally users desired more knowledgeable staff, both professional and ex-user, and that staff working within sub-specialties require advanced training. However, a positive attitude towards the user in interpersonal therapeutic situations was potentially able to overcome a staff member’s knowledge deficiency. Potential methods of instilling positive attitudes within the substance use workforce are discussed, including organizational culture and potential educational requirements.
Dynamic hash tables

Linear hashing and spiral storage are two dynamic hashing schemes originally designed for external files. This paper shows how to adapt these two methods for hash tables stored in main memory. The necessary data structures and algorithms are described, the expected performance is analyzed mathematically, and actual execution times are obtained and compared with alternative techniques. Linear hashing is found to be both faster and easier to implement than spiral storage. Two alternative techniques are considered: a simple unbalanced binary tree and double hashing with periodic rehashing into a larger table. The retrieval time of linear hashing is similar to double hashing and substantially faster than a binary tree, except for very small trees. The loading times of double hashing (with periodic reorganization), a binary tree, and linear hashing are similar. Overall, linear hashing is a simple and efficient technique for applications where the cardinality of the key set is not known in advance.
Immunology of lung cancer

Lung cancer is the most common malignant disease. This cancer is basically derived from epithelial cells. Increased knowledge of immunology and current therapies has opened perspectives for the use of immunotherapy in the management of lung cancer patients. In the present communication lung cancer immunotherapy is studied in detail. Both active and passive immunotherapy is used for diagnosis and treatment. Active immunotherapy includes tumor antigens. Tumor antigens are antigenic substances produced in tumor cells and are potential candidates for use in cancer therapy. Passive immunotherapy includes both humoral and cell mediated immune response. Humoral immune response study was carried out by using monoclonal antibodies. Recent advancement in monoclonal antibody technology provides new approaches for lung cancer treatment and diagnosis. Cellular immune response against tumor mediated cells included natural killer (NK) cells; lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells; cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL); and activated macrophages. These cells alone or with cytokines or interferon's provide new efficient therapeutic approaches. Studies have also shown additional anti-tumoral effects using these cells and molecular bioengineering. Recently adhesion molecules have also documented their role in immune response. This communication also includes immunocompetence of lung cancer patients. The advancement in studies has revived the dream of designing tumor vaccines and active specific immunotherapy.
Information needs, library resources and services available to post graduate students in the Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

The study evaluated information needs and library resources available to post graduate students in the Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. One hundred and fifty-five copies of questionnaire were administered to postgraduate students in Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS), African Studies (AFS) and Peace Building (BD) units. The study identified Kenneth Dike, WORDOC and IFRA as libraries normally used by postgraduate students of the Institute of African Studies. The study shows that the library resources/materials in the Institute of African Studies library were readily available and accessible; and that 79.4% of postgraduate students were satisfied with the available library materials. Theses and dissertation and journal articles were the most frequently referenced library materials. The study further revealed that journal articles and textbooks/monographs were the main library materials required by research students. Result of One-Way Analysis of Variance indicated that the postgraduate level of satisfaction with library materials do not vary significantly (F = 0.895, p>0.05). The study recommended that the Institute of African Studies library should be updated in terms of acquiring current books, journals and audio-visual materials to make it the most referenced library in order to meet the needs of Institute of African Studies researchers. Key words: Information need, Institute of African Studies, library resources and services, postgraduate students.
Poster Presentations Improve Engineering Students’ Communication Skills

This research reports the procedures the writers have employed in teaching several academic and workplace communication skills through engineering multidisciplinary projects (EMDPs). In these projects students are divided into teams, with each team comprising a minimum of three and a maximum of four students from different engineering majors. The students choose and appoint a team leader, choose a research topic/problem in the surrounding environment that requires input from all team members and collaboration from all students, each in his/her respective discipline, in finding a solution to the situation/problem. Team members choose the topics, obtain approval of the topics from cooperating engineering faculty and the course instructor, and then prepare detailed research proposals. They receive specialist feedback on their proposals, and based on how detailed their proposals are, are given the go ahead to proceed with their research. The execution of the research project requires the use of several technical communication skills such as, internet searches; sending email messages; writing formal letters; meeting with officials, engineering academics and experts, as well as giving powerpoint supported oral presentations, EMDP poster presentations and submitting end of research written reports.
Development of a novel set of microsatellite markers for castor bean, Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae).

PREMISE OF STUDY Microsatellite primers were developed for castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) to investigate genetic diversity and population structure, and to provide support to germplasm management. METHODS AND RESULTS Eleven microsatellite loci were isolated using an enrichment cloning protocol and used to characterize castor bean germplasm from the collection at the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC). In a survey of 76 castor bean accessions, the investigated loci displayed polymorphism ranging from two to five alleles. CONCLUSIONS The information derived from microsatellite markers led to significant gains in conserved allelic richness and provides support to the implementation of several molecular breeding strategies for castor bean.
Does assertive community outreach improve social support? Results from the Lambeth Study of early-episode psychosis.

OBJECTIVES Specialized early intervention by a team providing assertive community treatment (ACT) is beneficial to the recovery, housing, and employment of individuals with schizophrenia, but few studies have examined its effect on social support. This study assessed whether the ACT model of care was related to clinical and social outcomes among patients who had experienced a first episode of psychosis. METHODS The sample was drawn from the Lambeth Early Onset Trial, a study of 144 patients in the United Kingdom who sought treatment for a first episode of psychosis between January 2000 and October 2001 and who were randomly assigned to a specialized early intervention modeled on ACT or standard care. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Global Assessment of Functioning, and the Significant Others Scale were administered at six-month and 18-month follow-ups. RESULTS Data on social support were available at both follow-ups for 57 patients assigned to specialized care and 50 patients assigned to standard care. The two groups were similar in personal characteristics, relationship status, and living arrangements at baseline and at six-month follow-up, but by 18 months, patients in specialized care reported having a higher mean±SD number of significant others in their social networks than did standard care patients (2.40±1.20 and 1.71±1.06, respectively; p=.01). They also achieved superior clinical outcomes at 18 months, and these outcomes were associated with network size. CONCLUSION Early intervention by using an ACT model of care may improve clinical results by reestablishing or maintaining bonds between patients and family, friends, and acquaintances.
The factors affecting the clinical learning of the nursing students: A qualitative research

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The OMERACT Ultrasound Task Force — Status and Perspectives

This article reports the most recent work of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Ultrasound Task Force, and highlights the future research priorities discussed at the OMERACT 10 meeting. Results of the following studies were presented: (1) intra- and interobserver reliability of ultrasound detecting and scoring synovitis in different joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); (2) systematic review of previous ultrasound scoring systems of synovitis in RA; (3) enthesitis systematic review and Delphi definition exercise in spondyloarthritis enthesitis; (4) enthesitis intra- and interobserver reliability exercise; and (5) Delphi definition exercise in hand osteoarthritis, and reliability exercises. Study conclusions were discussed, and a future research agenda was approved, notably further validation of an OMERACT ultrasound global synovitis score (GLOSS) in RA, emphasizing the importance of testing feasibility, predictive value, and added value over standard clinical variables. Future research areas will include validating scoring systems for enthesitis and osteoarthritis, and testing the metric qualities of ultrasound for evaluating tenosynovitis and structural damage in RA.
First human challenge testing of a pneumococcal vaccine. Double-blind randomized controlled trial.

RATIONALE New vaccines are urgently needed to protect the vulnerable from bacterial pneumonia. Clinical trials of pneumonia vaccines are slow and costly, requiring tens of thousands of patients. Studies of pneumococcal vaccine efficacy against colonization have been proposed as a novel method to down-select between vaccine candidates. OBJECTIVES Using our safe and reproducible experimental human pneumococcal colonization model, we aimed to determine the effect of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) on colonization. METHODS A total of 100 healthy participants aged 18-50 years were recruited into this double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. They were randomly assigned to PCV (n = 49) or hepatitis A (control, n = 50) vaccination and inoculated with 80,000 CFU/100 μl of Streptococcus pneumoniae (6B) per naris. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Participants were followed up for 21 days to determine pneumococcal colonization by culture of nasal wash. The PCV group had a significantly reduced rate of 6B colonization (10% [5 of 48]) compared with control subjects (48% [23 of 48]) (risk ratio, 0.22; confidence interval, 0.09-0.52; P < 0.001). Density of colonization was reduced in the PCV group compared with the control group following inoculation. The area under the curve (density vs. day) was significantly reduced in the PCV compared with control group (geometric mean, 259 vs. 11,183; P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS PCV reduced pneumococcal colonization rate, density, and duration in healthy adults. The experimental human pneumococcal colonization model is a safe, cost-effective, and efficient method to determine the protective efficacy of new vaccines on pneumococcal colonization; PCV provides a gold standard against which to test these novel vaccines. Clinical trial registered with ISRCTN 45340436.
Isokinetic assessment of patellofemoral pain syndrome : A prospective study in female recruits

Objective: To investigate prospectively the influence of muscular parameters on the development of the patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) in women during a basic military training. Methods: Before the military training, 62 healthy female recruits, aged 18-34 years, without a history of PFPS, underwent an isokinetic test ( concentric contractions of knee flexors and extensors at 60 degrees/s and 240 degrees/s, eccentric contractions at 30 degrees/s). They also completed a questionnaire and performed a single-leg horizontal hop test. After basic military training, they underwent a clinical evaluation to assess PFPS. Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were used to evaluate whether any significant difference existed prior to the development of PFPS between females with and without PFPS. Results: The incidence of PFPS was 42%. Significantly lower peak torque of the extensors at 60 degrees/s and 240 degrees/s were observed in females with PFPS compared to the control group. The relative peak extensor torque per body weight and BMI, the ratio peak torque flexors/extensors and the sports participation were also significantly lower in the PFPS group. Conclusions: Decreased quadriceps strength and insufficient sports participations seem to be risk factors for the development of PFPS. Consequently, strengthening of quadriceps seems an important parameter in the treatment and prevention of PFPS.
Mutans Streptococci and Lactobacilli Colonization in Predentate Children from the Neonatal Period to Seven Months of Age

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the colonization of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB) in predentate children from the neonatal period to 7 months. Methods: A total of 957 mother-and-child pairs were recruited from birth and followed up at 7 months. The 283 children who did not have erupted teeth at the second visit were included in the study. Oral mucosal swabs were taken, and the presence of MS and LB was determined using a commercial microbiological culture kit. Results: At mean ages of 34 days and 7 months, 9 and 11% of the infants, respectively, showed the presence of MS. In contrast, LB presence increased from 24 to 47% (p < 0.0001). MS presence in the neonatal period was associated with maternal MS counts of >105 CFU/ml (p = 0.05), while LB presence was associated with natural birth (p = 0.03) and maternal LB presence (p = 0.02). At 7 months, MS presence was associated with maternal MS counts (p = 0.02) and LB counts of >105 CFU/ml (p = 0.007). Additional predictors of MS presence at 7 months were a child’s MS counts of >105 CFU/ml at the neonatal visit (p = 0.019) and nighttime bottle feeding (p = 0.024). LB presence at 7 months was associated with maternal LB (p < 0.001) and MS presence (p = 0.02). Conclusions: MS and LB can be detected by culture in the oral cavity as early as 34 days after birth. Their infection rates increase to 11 and 47%, respectively, by the time the children reach the end of the predentate stage of oral development.