Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obstetric and Bleeding Complications in Pregnancy with Von Willebrand Disease: Results from Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database 2003-2011

Introduction: Prior studies suggest that women with Von Willebrand Disease(vWD) are at an increased risk of bleeding and obstetric complications during pregnancy. This study was undertaken to determine the risk of complications occurring during pregnancy for women with vWD using Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality(AHRQ). Method: We queried the NIS database for the years 2003- 2011, to identify all pregnancy-related discharges for women between 18-50 years of age. The pregnancy-related discharge records were identified by using the International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and were classified as to whether they were an admission during pregnancy or postpartum. ICD 9 code used for vWD was 286.4. Binary logistic regression was used to compute adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval(CI) after adjusting for potential confounders such as age, race, primary payer, hospital location, teaching status and patient comorbidities. Results: There were 15,258 pregnant women with vWD among 40,617,511 pregnancy related discharges. Women with vWD were slightly older than those without (28.01±6.08 vs 27.95±5.98, p Conclusion: Pregnant women with vWD have increased risk of bleeding complications, hypertensive disorder and need of transfusion. High incidence of cesarean section in patients with vWD could likely be explained by planned cesarean section in this high-risk group. There was no increased risk of fetal or maternal mortality in women with vWD. This cross sectional study would help to understand the magnitude of these complications so that they could be managed optimally during antenatal period. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Effects of Dietary Aspergillus Meal Prebiotic on Turkey Poults Production Parameters and Bone Qualities

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 0.2% dietary Aspergillus Meal (AM) on performance and bone parameters of neonatal turkey poults. A total of 200 day-of-hatch turkey poults were used for this experiment. Two dietary treatments, similar in energy and protein content differing only by the addition of 0.2% AM, were used. Poults were divided into 2 treatment groups with 25 birds per treatment and four replicates each. Group 1 received a basal non medicated control diet and group 2 received dietary AM. At the end of 30 d, poults were weighed, euthanized, and tibias were collected to evaluate bone quality using an Instron shear press machine and bone parameters such as tibia weight, diameter, ash, calcium and phosphorus assays. Samples of distal ileum were collected and the content subjected to protein and energy analysis. Poults fed with dietary AM had a significant improvement in BW and feed conversion ratios (p<0.05). Distal ileum content showed significantly less concentration of energy and protein when compared with the poults receiving control diet. Tibia weight, diameter, breaking strength, ash, calcium and phosphorus were significantly higher in poults that received dietary AM prebiotic. These results suggest that the increase in performance and bone parameters in neonatal turkey poults fed with 0.2% AM, is improved upon feeding Aspergillus niger mycelium prebiotic.
Effects of Long-Term Fertilization Management Practices on Soil Microbial Carbon and Microbial Biomass in Paddy Soil at Various Stages of Rice Growth

ABSTRACT Soil microbial biomass plays a significant role in soils, and it is often used as an early indicator of change in soil quality. Soil microbial biomass is affected by different fertilization management practices. Therefore, the impact of different long-term fertilization management practices on the soil organic carbon (SOC) content, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN), as well as the soil microbial quotient (SMQ) in the tilled layer (0.00-0.20 m) were studied in the present [. ]
SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS OF A LOSSY METALLIC ENCLOSURE

In this paper, shielding effectiveness (SE) of a perforated enclosure with imperfectly conducting walls is evaluated. To this end, first, an accurate numerical technique based on method of Moments (MoM) is presented. In this method, lossy metallic walls of the enclosure are replaced by equivalent electric surface current sources. Then, the impedance boundary condition on the imperfectly conducting surfaces is applied and an electric field integral equation is extracted. At the end, the integral equation is solved numerically by Galerkin method. In addition to the mentioned numerical method, an extremely fast analytical technique based on transmission line model(TLM) is proposed which is able to predict the SE with high level of accuracy over a large frequency bandwidth just in a few seconds. For validation of both methods, other commercial softwares (FEKO and CST) are employed and several enclosures with different conductivities are studied. Lossy MoM method shows accurate results for conductivities down to 10S/m, while efficient TLM method proves its accuracy for conductivities down to 250S/m.
November 1986 CROP RESIDUE EFFECTS ON SOIL ENVIRONMENT AND DRYLAND MAIZE AND SOYA BEAN

Power, J.F. , Wilhelm, W.W. and Doran, J.W. , 1986. Crop residue effects on soil environment and dryland maize and soya bean production. Soil Tillage Res., 8 : 101-111. The research reported here provides data on the effects of crop residues o n the surface of no-till soil upon the soil environment and resulting biological activity, including crop growth. For maize (Zea mays L.) and soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] production in eastern Nebraska, U.S.A. (4 years of data), increasing crop residue rate decreased maximum soil temperatures a t the soil surface by a t least 5"C, and generally increased soil water storage by a t least 50 mm. Availability and uptake of nitrogen from the soil organic matter and applied fertilizers (and for soya bean from decomposition of crop residues) were increased by increasing the crop residue rate from 0 t o 150% of the quantity left after grain harvest of the previous crop. Hardly any of the nitrogen in maize residues was used by the next crop. These changes in the soil environment resulted in less stress on crops produced o n residuecovered soil than for those on bare soil. Consequently, each Mg ha-' of crop residues on the soil surface increased grain and stover production by approximately 120 and 270 kg ha-' for maize, and 90 and 300 kg ha-' for soya bean, respectively. Results show that there are major direct crop growth benefits from leaving crop residues on the soil surface, in addition t o cumulative benefits that may result from reduced erosion losses and enhanced soil organic-matter contents.
Climate Change and Water Variability: Do Water Treaties Contribute to River Basin Resilience?

Climate-driven water variability is a natural phenomenon observed across river basins, but predicted to increase due to climate change. Environmental change of this kind may aggravate political tensions, especially in regions that are not equipped with an appropriate institutional apparatus. This paper argues that attempts to assess the ability of states to deal with variability in the future rests with considering how river basins with agreements have fared in the past. The paper investigates whether basins governed by treaties witness less tension (and by extension more cooperation) over shared water in comparison with those basins not governed by treaties, using the 1948-2008 country dyads event data from the Basins at Risk project. The results provide evidence to suggest that the presence of a treaty promotes cooperation. Furthermore, the number of agreements between riparian countries has a significant positive effect on cooperation, which is robust across different specifications controlling for a broad set of climatic, geographic, political, and economic variables.
Formulation of nutritious premixes based on natural ingredients and evaluating their efficacy for value addition

The objective was to formulate premixes using natural ingredients, namely, amaranth (Amaranthus sp, Premix-I) or cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea, Premix-II) leaves, flax seeds (Linum usitatissimum), cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum) and evaluate their efficacy for value addition. Raw materials and premixes were analyzed for their chemical composition. Premixes were incorporated to unleavened flat bread at 6 and 12% levels and evaluated for nutritional and sensory quality. Results indicated that premixes were rich sources of protein, iron, calcium, total and β-carotene, dietary fiber and bioactive components. Products with premixes showed in vitro starch digestibility of 36%. In vitro digestible protein (80.3%), bioaccessible calcium (85.8%) and absolute iron (4.36 mg/100 g) were higher in premix incorporated products than control. Products with premix-I scored less for appearance and colour, though they were accepted for taste and texture. Products with premix-II were similar to control for sensory acceptability. In conclusion, premixes with natural ingredients can be used for value addition to obtain nutritionally superior products.
Discovery of 59 ms pulsations from 1RXS J141256.0+792204 (Calvera)

We report on the results of a multi-wavelength study of the compact object candidate 1RXS J141256.0+792204 (Calvera). Calvera was observed in the X-rays with XMM-Newton/EPIC twice for a total exposure time of ~50 ks. The source spectrum is thermal and well reproduced by a two-component model composed of either two (absorbed) hydrogen atmosphere models or two blackbodies with temperatures kT 1 ~ 55/150 eV, kT 2 ~ 80/250 eV, respectively (as measured at infinity). Evidence was found for an absorption feature at ~0.65 keV while no power-law high-energy tail is statistically required. Using pn and MOS data we discovered pulsations in the X-ray emission at a period P = 59.2 ms. The detection is highly significant (≳ 11σ), and unambiguously confirms the neutron star nature of Calvera. The pulse profile is nearly sinusoidal, with a pulsed fraction of ~18 per cent. We looked for the timing signature of Calvera in the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data base and found a significant (~5σ) pulsed signal at a period coincident with the X-ray value. The gamma-ray timing analysis yielded a tight upper limit on the period derivative, P < 5 × 10 -18 s s -1 (E rot < 10 33 erg s -1 , B < 5 x 10 10 G for magneto-dipolar spin-down). Radio searches at 1.36 GHz with the 100-m Effelsberg radio telescope yielded negative results, with a deep upper limit on the pulsed flux of 0.05 mJy. Diffuse, soft (< 1 keV) X-ray emission about 13 arcmin west of the Calvera position is present both in our pointed observations and in archive ROSAT all-sky survey images, but is unlikely associated with the X-ray pulsar. Its spectrum is compatible with an old supernova remnant (SNR); no evidence for diffuse emission in the radio and optical bands was found. The most likely interpretations are that Calvera is either a central compact object escaped from a SNR or a mildly recycled pulsar; in both cases the source would be the first ever member of the class detected at gamma-ray energies.
Defining the Indications and Levels of Erector Spinae Plane Block in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Study of Our Current Experience

Aim The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the indications, effectiveness, application levels, and local anesthetic (LA) dosages used in erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in pediatric patients based on our clinical data. The secondary aim was to compare previously reported pediatric ESPBs with our data and to prepare a mini-guide for future clinical applications. Materials and methods One hundred and forty-one pediatric patients who received ESPB and were operated by the Department of Pediatric Surgery were included in this retrospective observational study. ESPB is routinely performed with 0.5 ml/kg 0.25% bupivacaine (max 20 ml). Demographic data and the type of surgery were recorded. Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) or Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores, analgesic requirements, and the type of analgesic administered at postoperative period were recorded. Results ESPB was applied using three different techniques, the classic approach, the transverse approach, and the Aksu approach. Unilateral ESPB was performed on 112 patients, while 29 received a bilateral block. ESPB used for 13 different indications. Conclusion ESPB is a relatively safe and effective procedure for achieving opioid-free postoperative analgesia in many different surgical procedures in pediatric patients.
COPD_A_178948 1825..1838

Sarah Marklund Kim-Ly Bui Andre Nyberg 1Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; 2Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine Laval University and Centre de recherche, Laval University Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC, Canada Abstract: Skeletal muscle dysfunction is an important systemic consequence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that worsens the natural cause of the disease. Up to a third of all people with COPD express some form of impairment which encompasses reductions in strength and endurance, as well as an increased fatigability. Considering this complexity, no single test could be used to measure and monitor all aspects of the impaired skeletal muscle function within the COPD population, resulting in a wide range of available tests and measurement techniques. The aim of the current review is to highlight current and new perspectives relevant to skeletal muscle functionmeasurementswithin the COPDpopulation in order to provide guidance for researchers as well as for clinicians. First of all, standardized and clinically feasible measurement protocols, as well as normative values and predictive equations across the spectrum of impaired function in COPD, are needed before assessment of skeletal muscle function can become a reality in clinical praxis. This should minimally target the quadriceps muscle; however, depending on the objective of measurements, eg, to determine upper limb muscle function or walking capacity, other muscles could also be tested. Furthermore, even though muscle strength measurements are important, current evidence suggests that other aspects, such as the endurance and power capacity of the muscle, should also be considered. Moreover, although static (isometric) measurements have been favored, dynamic measurements of skeletal muscle function should not be neglected as they, in a larger extent than static measurements, are related to tasks of daily living. Lastly, the often modest relationships between functional tests and skeletal muscle functionmeasurements indicate that they evaluate different constructs and thus cannot replace one another. Therefore, for accurate measurements of skeletal muscle function in people with COPD, specific and formal measurements should still be prioritized.
Photosynthesis and antioxidant activity in Jatropha curcas L. under salt stress.

Biodiesel is an alternative to petroleum diesel fuel. It is a renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic biofuel. Interest in the production of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas L. seeds has increased in recent years, but the ability of J. curcas to grow in salt-prone areas, such as the Caatinga semiarid region, has received considerably meager attention. The aim of this study was to identify the main physiological processes that can elucidate the pattern of responses of J. curcas irrigated with saline water, which commonly occurs in the semiarid Caatinga region. This study measured the activity of the antioxidant enzymes involved in the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, which include catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The levels of chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoids, amino acids, proline, and soluble proteins were also analyzed. The net carbon assimilation rate (PN), stomata conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E) decreased with salt stress. The activities of CAT and APX were decreased, while H2O2 and MDA levels as well as electrolyte leakage were significantly increased in salt-stressed plants compared to the untreated ones. These observations suggest that the ability of J. curcas plants resist to salt stress is associated with the activities of protective enzymes and their defensive functions. However, our results indicate that the reactive oxygen species scavenging system is not sufficient to protect J. curcas leaves against oxidative damage caused by salt stress, and, therefore, it cannot be treated as a salt tolerant plant species.
Macrophages induce CD47 upregulation via IL-6 and correlate with poor survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients

ABSTRACT CD47 is known to be involved in phagocyte-mediated tumor clearance; however, its expression, clinical significance, and regulatory mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain poorly understood. In the present study, we found that upregulation of CD47 expression on tumor cells was correlated with poor overall survival and recurrence-free survival in patients with HCC. Abundance of macrophages (Mφs) infiltration was found in CD47+ tumor tissues. Mechanistic studies revealed that IL-6 derived from tumor-infiltrating Mφs could upregulate CD47 expression on hepatoma cells through activation of the STAT3 pathway. Neutralization of CD47 or disruption of the IL-6–STAT3 axis reduced the ability of tumor cells to escape phagocytosis. Moreover, CD47 blockade could enhance Mφ-mediated phagocytosis in the presence of chemotherapeutic drugs, and HCC patients with lower CD47 expression were more likely to beneﬁt from adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment. These findings revealed that Mφ-derived IL-6 was responsible for CD47 expression on hepatoma cells, which might be served as a potential prognostic marker and a predictor for patients who might benefit from adjuvant TACE treatment.
Advances in Gene , Molecular and Cell Therapy

The large number of publications reporting advances in vector design, gene transfer protocols and stem cells manipulation prompted the expectation that these methods may become available to the clinicians. However, since the technological transfer from the bench to clinical practice demands that aspects such efficiency, long term effect of the therapy and its safety are elucidated, the development of the field has been slower than anticipated. The use of biological therapies in the management of cardiac arrhythmias to overcome the limitations of pharmacological, ablative and device treatments has attracted a strong interest from the arrhytmologists. Although the availability of such treatments in clinical cardiology, is still far ahead, various research groups are conducting preliminary but very encouraging investigations supporting the view that rhythm manipulation by biological means is a feasible approach at least in animal models. In this review we will discuss the approaches that have been outlined in the experimental laboratories for the control of rhythm disturbances. Three key strategies for biological therapies of cardiac arrhythmias will be presented: 1) the use of viral vectors to modulate molecular targets that are critical for the control of excitability (gene delivery), 2) the use of modified stem cells to re-create specialized structures such as the sinus node or the atrio-ventricular node (cell graft), 3) the application of post transcriptional modulation to control the production of substances that may attenuate the arrhythmogenic potential of different diseases (expression modulation). We will analyse the pros and cons of these approaches and will conclude by discussing the unmet needs and the challenges in this field. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Political Economy of School Size: Evidence from Chilean Rural Areas

Public schools in Chile receive a per-student subsidy depending on enrollment, and are managed by local governments that operate under soft budget constraints. In this paper, we study the effects of this system on per-student expenditures. Per-student expenditures on rural areas are 30% higher than in urban areas. We find that about 75% of this difference is due to the fact that rural public schools are significantly smaller and thus do not benefit from economies of scale. Besides, we also show that in our preferred estimates about 50% of the students in rural areas could be moved to schools that could exploit economies of scale – i.e., these students could attend bigger schools traveling at most an hour day a day in total. We show that even if we use conservative average speed rates or control for transportation, utility and infrastructure costs, there is a sizeable share of students that could be consolidated. We argue that local governments that have soft budget constraints do not consolidate these schools giving the existing potential because of political factors: closing schools is harmful for mayors in electoral terms. Consistent with this claim, we find that a decrease in the degree of political competition in areas with better access to non-voucher transfers from the central government (i.e. with softer budget constraints) decreases the extent of the inefficiency.
Search behaviour with reference point preferences : theory and experimental evidence

People are heterogeneous with respect to their behaviour in sequential decision situations. This paper develops models for search behaviour under the assumption of expected-utility maximisation and a new search model that assumes sequential updating of utility reference points during the search process. I find experimental evidence that supports the new reference point model: Individual loss aversion is systematically related to the observed search behaviour in a way that is consistent with the predictions of the reference point model. Risk attitude is not related to search behaviour. The finding that many people set reference points in sequential decision tasks is of interest in, e.g. consumer economics, labour economics, finance, and decision theory.
A Model of Shodaqoh-Based Waste Management

The problem of waste has become a big issue and requires a serious management. In some cities, this unsolvable problem results in new problems such as social conflict, damaged environment and disease onset. This research aimed to evaluate the waste management in Pakem, Tamanmartani, Kalasan, Sleman , Yogyakarta . This study was conducted using inductive phenomenological approach. The data collection was conducted using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Techniques of validating data used were the extension of length of stay with the studied subject, participatory observation, and data testing with triangulation. Technique of analyzing data used was an interactive model of analysis. The result of research showed that firstly, shodaqoh concept could change the community’s negative perspective on the presence of waste. Secondly, the waste manager appropriately would not only result in a clean and healthy environment but also improve the community’s economy.