Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Relation Between Trust and Fairness in Environmental Risk Management

In this study, we empirically examine the relations between trust, fairness, and cooperation within two environmental risk management contexts, one in which the focal issue is of high personal moral importance and the other in which the focal issue is of low moral importance. Using an experimental design embedded in two parallel survey questionnaires, one mailed to residents of Washington State, the other to German‐speaking residents of Switzerland, we either manipulated or constructed three factors, issue importance (high/low), procedural fairness (fair/unfair), and policy outcome (risk averse/risk accepting). This design enabled us to compare the predictions of the standard account of procedural fairness, that trust and cooperation are determined by judgments of fairness, with the predictions of an alternative account, that trust and cooperation will be determined by judgments of procedural fairness only when the issue involved is not morally important. Results for the American case showed that under conditions of high issue importance, policy outcome affected judged fairness, trust, and cooperation. Under conditions of low issue importance, policy outcome had no effect on judged fairness or trust but did have a moderate impact on cooperation. Analyses also showed that when issue importance was high, procedural fairness had no effects. When issue importance was low, procedural fairness had moderate effects on judged fairness and trust. Results for the Swiss case replicated the main findings for the American case. Together, these results support the alternative model of the relation between trust and fairness, suggesting that the efficacy of fair procedures is strictly limited.
A generic, cost-effective, and scalable cell lineage analysis platform

Advances in single-cell genomics enable commensurate improvements in methods for uncovering lineage relations among individual cells. Current sequencing-based methods for cell lineage analysis depend on low-resolution bulk analysis or rely on extensive single-cell sequencing, which is not scalable and could be biased by functional dependencies. Here we show an integrated biochemical-computational platform for generic single-cell lineage analysis that is retrospective, cost-effective, and scalable. It consists of a biochemical-computational pipeline that inputs individual cells, produces targeted single-cell sequencing data, and uses it to generate a lineage tree of the input cells. We validated the platform by applying it to cells sampled from an ex vivo grown tree and analyzed its feasibility landscape by computer simulations. We conclude that the platform may serve as a generic tool for lineage analysis and thus pave the way toward large-scale human cell lineage discovery.
A Structural Equation Model of the Halal Certification and its Business Performance Impact on Food Companies

Despite the overwhelming popularity of halal certification, there is considerable confusion surrounding its role and business value as well as its relation to business performance. Thus, the aim of this study is to gain better understanding of the relationship between halal certification and the business performance of halal certified food companies in the Philippines. The study was based on a survey and the time horizon was cross-sectional. The survey was carried out using stratified sampling on halal certified food companies operating in the Philippines. Through a self-administered questionnaire, 141 usable responses were acquired from the responding companies. The theorized relationship of halal certification and business performance was tested using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings of this study revealed that halal certification significantly affect business performance of halal certified food companies in terms of innovative and financial performance. It was also revealed that innovative performance fully mediates the relationship between halal certification and financial performance.
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA, KEPUASAN KOMPENSASI, DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP DISIPLIN KERJA PEGAWAI PADA PDAM TIRTA MOEDAL KOTA SEMARANG

This research was motivated by the problems that often occur about the work discipline of the employee in PDAM Tirta Moedal Semarang City. Various violations that often occur indicate that the lack of understanding and understanding about what is the discipline of their own work both in written and non-regulatory rules that exist in the company. The purpose of this study to analyze the influence of work environment, compensation and work motivation to work discipline PDAM Tirta Moedal employees Semarang City. This research used independent variables such as work environment, satifaction compensation, and work motivation, as well as the dependent variable is the work discipline. Populations used were all employees of PDAM Tirta Moedal Semarang City. The sampling technique used methode used Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling and obtained the sample of 71 people. Data analysis methods used are quantitative analysis including variable index, validity and reliability, the classic assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, t test, F test, and the coefficient of determination (R 2 ). Based on multiple linear regression test, the results indicate that the work environment have a positive relationship and a significant influence on the work discipline. Satifaction compensation have a positive relationship and a significant influence on the work discipline. And the last one, work motivation have a positive relationship and a significant influence on the work discipline. The coefficient of determination shows that the work discipline are influenced by work environment, satifaction compensation, and work motivation by 49,2% , while the remaining 50,8%are influenced by other variables in which the research did not examined in this study.
Universal percolation-threshold limits in the continuum.

The existing criteria for the onset of percolation in the continuum are limited to systems of parallel-aligned, equal-size, penetrable, convex objects. We present here criteria for the much more general case of macroscopically isotropic or anisotropic systems in which the objects may also be of variable sizes and of random orientations. It is found that the critical fractional occupied area (or the equivalent average critical total excluded area 〈${A}_{\mathrm{ex}\mathrm{〉}}$) as well as the critical fractional occupied volume (or the equivalent 〈${V}_{\mathrm{ex}\mathrm{〉}}$) are confined within two limits. The upper limit is that of the ``parallel objects'' systems and the lower limit is that of the (newly introduced) ``horizontal-vertical'' system. These limits are 3.2\ensuremath{\le}〈${A}_{\mathrm{ex}\mathrm{〉}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\le}}4.5}$ and 0.7\ensuremath{\le}〈${V}_{\mathrm{ex}\mathrm{〉}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\le}}2.8}$. AE
Oral health status of the visually impaired children--a south Indian study.

UNLABELLED Oral health is an important aspect of health for all children, and is all the more important for children with special health needs. The oral health of children who are visually impaired can be disadvantaged, since they are often unable to adequately apply the techniques necessary to control plaque. PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the oral health status of visually impaired children. METHOD A modified WHO oral health assessment form was used to assess oral conditions, oral hygiene status, caries experience and gingival status. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The children exhibited suboptimal levels of oral health with majority of the children showing a high caries prevalence as well as moderate to severe gingivitis.
Adrenal lesions: attenuation measurement differences between CT scanners.

PURPOSE To retrospectively compare unenhanced computed tomographic scans of the same adrenal lesion obtained with two different manufacturers' multidetector scanners to assess whether there are differences in attenuation measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was approved by the local ethical committee, which waived patient consent, and was conducted in compliance with HIPAA. Electronic searching revealed patients with adrenal nodules scanned with both a Siemens 16-detector row scanner and one of eight GE Medical Systems multi-detector row scanners between January 2000 and September 2004 without the use of intravenous contrast material. Lesions were characterized by using histologic findings, fat content, or size stability. Size stability for 6 months was required unless both scans were obtained within 21 days of each other. Two radiologists independently measured lesion attenuation for regression analysis. Lesions considered benign (< or = 10 HU) on one scan and indeterminate (> 10 HU) on the other were separately analyzed, and technical parameters of scanning were compared. RESULTS There were 47 patients (27 men, 20 women; age range, 40-86 years; mean age, 64 years) with four metastases, 42 adenomas, and one myelolipoma (long-axis length, 10-85 mm; mean, 24 mm). GE scans were obtained with four-detector row scanners (n = 32), an eight-detector row scanner (n = 2), and 16-detector row scanners (n = 13). Correlation between the two readers was 0.99 for both Siemens and GE scan attenuation measurements. The slope of regression lines for both readers plotting GE attenuation (y-axis) against Siemens attenuation (x-axis) was less than 1, which indicated a slight but statistically significant tendency for GE scans to have lower attenuations than do Siemens scans. For both readers, there were more lesions indeterminate (> 10 HU) on Siemens scans but benign (< or = 10 HU) on GE scans than the reverse (McNemar test, P < .02 for reader 1, not significant for reader 2). Average Siemens and GE scan technical parameters were similar. CONCLUSION There are only slight differences in attenuation of adrenal nodules measured on scans obtained with different scanners.
Client co-production in knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) – Case study analysis.

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the topic of client co-production in knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). The paper first sketches a theoretical background and reviews previous studies on factors affecting successful client co-production in such companies and then examines these factors via case study research among a small KIBS company and its five customers. Methodology: The paper is based on an in-depth analysis of literature devoted to client co-production in KIBS firms and on the results of case studies analysis. The authors explore theoretically and empirically the perception of factors behind a successful client co-production process of a KIBS company from the point of view of both customers and service provider. The examination resulted in the clarification of what a successful client-KIBS firm cooperation should look like and what kind of actions KIBS firms should undertake to provide it. Findings: As the analysis shows, to perceive client-KIBS firm cooperation as successful, customers desire on hand immediate effects that would justify and compensate their time and money investments (e.g. new clients or brand recognition) and on the other hand, some of them desire positive changes in longer term, which tangible form is associated with the newly obtained knowledge and more importantly, freshly developed and written strategy. Among the factors that influence the co-production process one can list teamwork, trust, communication and knowledge flows. Research limitations: Research results are limited to one KIBS company operating in Poland and its five customers. As such, they are not conclusive for the whole KIBS sector. Research implications: The findings of both literature review and case study analysis indicate that there are several outcomes that are expected from the point of view of a KIBS customer when selecting the service of a KIBS company. The paper examines important aspect of service co-production and provides practical guidelines how cooperation between KIBS firms and their customers should look like. Practical implications: The paper examines the relation between a client and a KIBS company and explores the factors influencing the successful outcome of this relation. The paper provides guidelines how this type of relation should be handled by managers or owners of KIBS firms.
Light drinking during pregnancy: still no increased risk for socioemotional difficulties or cognitive deficits at 5 years of age?

Background This study examines the relationship between light drinking during pregnancy and the risk of socioemotional problems and cognitive deficits at age 5 years. Methods Data from the nationally representative prospective UK Millennium Cohort Study (N=11 513) were used. Participants were grouped according to mothers' reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy: never drinker; not in pregnancy; light; moderate; heavy/binge. At age 5 years the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) and British ability scales (BAS) tests were administered during home interviews. Defined clinically relevant cut-offs on the SDQ and standardised scores for the BAS subscales were used. Results Boys and girls born to light drinkers were less likely to have high total difficulties (for boys 6.6% vs 9.6%, OR=0.67, for girls 4.3% vs 6.2%, OR=0.69) and hyperactivity (for boys 10.1% vs 13.4%, OR=0.73, for girls 5.5% vs 7.6%, OR=0.71) scores compared with those born to mothers in the not-in-pregnancy group. These differences were attenuated on adjustment for confounding and mediating factors. Boys and girls born to light drinkers had higher mean cognitive test scores compared with those born to mothers in the not-in-pregnancy group: for boys, naming vocabulary (58 vs 55), picture similarities (56 vs 55) and pattern construction (52 vs 50), for girls naming vocabulary (58 vs 56) and pattern construction (53 vs 52). Differences remained statistically significant for boys in naming vocabulary and picture similarities. Conclusions At age 5 years cohort members born to mothers who drank up to 1–2 drinks per week or per occasion during pregnancy were not at increased risk of clinically relevant behavioural difficulties or cognitive deficits compared with children of mothers in the not-in-pregnancy group.
Direct Phosphorylation of NF-κB1 p105 by the IκB Kinase Complex on Serine 927 Is Essential for Signal-induced p105 Proteolysis*

The p105 precursor protein of NF-κB1 acts as an NF-κB inhibitory protein, retaining associated Rel subunits in the cytoplasm of unstimulated cells. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-1α (IL-1α) stimulate p105 degradation, releasing associated Rel subunits to translocate into the nucleus. By using knockout embryonic fibroblasts, it was first established that the IκB kinase (IKK) complex is essential for these pro-inflammatory cytokines to trigger efficiently p105 degradation. The p105 PEST domain contains a motif (Asp-Ser927-Gly-Val-Glu-Thr), related to the IKK target sequence in IκBα, which is conserved between human, mouse, rat, and chicken p105. Analysis of a panel of human p105 mutants in which serine/threonine residues within and adjacent to this motif were individually changed to alanine established that only serine 927 is essential for p105 proteolysis triggered by IKK2 overexpression. This residue is also required for TNFα and IL-1α to stimulate p105 degradation. By using a specific anti-phosphopeptide antibody, it was confirmed that IKK2 overexpression induces serine 927 phosphorylation of co-transfected p105 and that endogenous p105 is also rapidly phosphorylated on this residue after TNFα or IL-1α stimulation.In vitro kinase assays with purified proteins demonstrated that both IKK1 and IKK2 can directly phosphorylate p105 on serine 927. Together these experiments indicate that the IKK complex regulates the signal-induced proteolysis of NF-κB1 p105 by direct phosphorylation of serine 927 in its PEST domain.
Purification of liver microsomal cytochrome P-448 from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rabbits.

Rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-448 has been highly purified to a specific content of greater than 20 nmoles/mg of protein. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis showed the presence of a major polypeptide band with a molecular weight of 5l,000 and a faint minor band at 60,000. Purified rabbit cytochrome P-448 differs from cytochrome P-448 purified from rats with respect to its molecular size, its poor reactivity with antibody produced against rat cytochrome P-448, and its relative inactivity for the hydroxylation of several substrates. These results indicate that rabbit cytochrome P-448 and rat cytochrome P-448 are different proteins. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Dr. C. Y. Lai and Mr. D. Chang of the Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Nutley, N. J., for conducting the amino acid analysis. We also thank Mrs. Margaret Althoff for her assistance in the preparation of this manuscript.
Agency Costs, Corporate Governance and the Nature of Controlling Shareholders: Evidence From French Listed Firms

This paper examines the impact of internal corporate governance on agency costs for French firms from 2000 to 2015. Our results reveal that shareholders themselves are not a homogenous group since they have no single common investment horizon. We found that managerial ownership is more effective in mitigating operational expenses. However, they take advantage of excessive spending on indirect benefits. We show that board of directors does not serve as a significant deterrent to excessive discretionary expenses. Finally, we found that dividend policy is a useful tool to reduce agency conflicts by reducing cash that is available for discretionary uses.
Role of Curcumin in Common Musculoskeletal Disorders: a Review of Current Laboratory, Translational, and Clinical Data

The Indian spice turmeric, in which the active and dominant biomolecule is curcumin, has been demonstrated to have significant medicinal properties, including anti‐inflammatory and anti‐neoplastic effects. This promise is potentially very applicable to musculoskeletal disorders, which are common causes of physician visits worldwide. Research at the laboratory, translational and clinical levels that supports the use of curcumin for various musculoskeletal disorders, such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, musculocartilaginous disorders, and sarcoma is here in comprehensively summarized. Though more phase I−III trials are clearly needed, thus far the existing data show that curcumin can indeed potentially be useful in treatment of the hundreds of millions worldwide who are afflicted by these musculoskeletal disorders.
The role of the commensal gut microbial community in broiler chickens

To understand the relationship between the gastrointestinal inhabiting microbial community and broiler health, a literature review is presented. The available information on the development of gut microbial community, the relationship between commensal microflora and digestive function, the role of gut microorganisms on competitive exclusion of chickens against pathogens, and modulation of the gut microbial community by addition of prebiotics to the diet is summarized. Gut dominant microbial communities become more complex as broilers grow older. The establishment of the dominant bacterial community is affected by dietary and host-related factors. Dietary prebiotics can modulate bacterial community shift towards non-harmful bacteria, which is beneficial for the health of broiler chickens. Gut commensal microorganisms play an important role in the prevention of colonization by pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens, a process known as competitive exclusion. In conclusion, the dilemma caused by the forthcoming ban of antibiotics feed additives and need to maintain the intestinal health of broiler chickens, has produced an enormous interest in finding alternatives. Modulating the intestinal microbial community in a healthy direction, by dietary ingredients such as prebiotics, could be a good solution.
Endothelial cell dysfunction in response to intracellular overexpression of amyloid precursor protein

Previous reports have shown that exposure of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells to exogenous amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide results in cell damage and toxicity via oxidative injury. In this study we demonstrate that overexpression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is toxic to bovine aortic endothelial cells but not to bovine aortic smooth muscle cells. Intracellular coexpression of the free radical scavenger proteins metallothionein or MnSOD abolished the toxic effect of APP overexpression in endothelial cells. Our results demonstrate that endothelial cells are specifically susceptible to intracellular overexpression of APP and free radical generation is the likely mechanism of cell damage due to APP overexpression. J. Neurosci. Res. 54:828–839, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cigarette smoking, suicidal behavior, and serotonin function in major psychiatric disorders.

OBJECTIVE Cigarette smoking is associated with a higher risk for suicide and attempted suicide, but psychopathological or biological explanations for this association have not been explored. Lower serotonin function and impulsive/aggressive traits are associated with suicidal acts, including completed suicide. The authors hypothesized that the relationship that may exist between cigarette smoking and suicidal behavior may be associated with lower serotonin function and the presence of impulsive/aggressive traits. METHOD Study subjects were 347 patients with a psychiatric disorder (175 with depression, 127 with schizophrenia, and 45 with other disorders). Fifty-three percent of the subjects (N=184) had a lifetime history of suicide attempt, and 47% (N=163) had never attempted suicide. Smoking behavior, lifetime suicidal behavior, and psychopathology were assessed. Serotonin function was assessed in a subgroup of patients with depression (N=162) by using a fenfluramine challenge test and/or measurement of CSF levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. RESULTS Among all patients, smokers were more likely to have made a suicide attempt (adjusted odds ratio=2.60, 95% confidence interval=1.60-4.23) and had higher suicidal ideation and lifetime aggression scores, compared with nonsmokers. An inverse relationship was observed between amount of cigarette smoking and both indices of serotonin function. CONCLUSIONS The association between cigarette smoking and the presence and severity of suicidal behavior across major psychiatric disorders may be related to lower brain serotonin function in smokers with depression. Further investigation is required to replicate these findings, to measure serotonin function in patients with disorders other than depression, and to test potential therapeutic effects of serotonin-enhancing treatments on both smoking behavior and suicide risk.