Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tobacco Leaf Protein: II. Genetic and Fractionation Approaches to Improving Tobacco Leaf Protein Production

Abstract Tobacco variety T. I. 401 was evaluated for seasonal leaf protein yields and crossbred with other genotypes to determine whether leaf protein yield was a genetically transmissible trait. Relatively high leaf protein yields associated with later maturity were observed in preliminary trials but additional crossbreeding and selection is deemed necessary to achieve stable integration of improved leaf protein yields and desirable agronomic performance. Chromatographic and electrophoretic analyses demonstrated that high leaf protein yield of T. I. 401 was not associated with a particular protein fraction but rather was a general phenomenon affecting all major protein classes. Besides examining genetic factors for improving leaf protein yields, two mechanical improvements in leaf protein fractionation technology were introduced into the process. A mild acidification step (to pH 5.5) with a subsequent moderate heat treatment (50°C) resulted in a green coagulum which was readily removed by brief low speed centrifugation without substantial loss of the fraction containing soluble protein which precipitates as a white pellet when heated to 80°C. Hollow-fiber membrane technology was also investigated as a means of producing a purified concentrate with high levels of undegraded protein. The membrane system tested was relatively efficient and greatly improved the quality of the Protein product.
Electron-Impact Ionization of Be-like C III, N IV, and O V

We present recent measurements of absolute electron-impact ionization cross sections for Be-like C III, N IV, and O V forming Li-like C IV, N V, and O VI. The measurements were taken using the crossed-beams apparatus at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A gas cell beam attenuation method was used to independently measure the metastable fractions present in the ion beams. The measured ionization cross sections were compared with calculations using the R-matrix with pseudostates and distorted-wave theoretical methods. Best agreement is found with the R-matrix with pseudostates cross sections results that account for the metastable fractions inferred from the gas attenuation measurements. We present a set of recommended rate coefficients for electron-impact single ionization from the ground state and metastable term of each ion.
Flow and stress acclimation both enhance predator avoidance in a common cyprinid fish

I investigated the impact of flow and predator stress acclimation on the swimming per- formance and predator avoidance ability of juvenile qingbo Spinibarbus sinensis. The experimental sub- jects were acclimatized for 20 d to nearly still water (control), flowing water, or nearly still water in the presence of their natural predators. Fish housed in flowing water showed a significantly greater ca pacity for prolonged swimming, as suggested by their critical swimming speeds compared to those of the other 2 groups. The group acclimatized to predators reacted more quickly to a predator stimulus, but did not exhibit faster burst (indicated by fast-start escape response) or prolonged swimming speeds. However, both the group housed in flowing water and the group exposed to predators demonstrated signifi- cantly greater predator avoidance capabilities than the control group. Therefore, both treatments sub- stantially improved predator avoidance capabilities, although, apparently, via different mechanisms. This result may have considerable importance in the de- velopment of optimal rearing conditions in hatcheries for fish that are destined to be released into the wild.
Fitness and Training PARASYMPATHETIC WITHDRAWAL DURING 30-15 INTERMITTENT FITNESS TEST CORRELATES WITH ITS ’ MAXIMAL RUNNING SPEED IN MALE HANDBALL PLAYERS

Perandini LA, Chimin P, Okuno NM, Lima JRP, Buchheit M, Nakamura FY. Parasympathetic withdrawal during 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test correlates with its’ maximal running speed. JEPonline 2009;2(1):29-39. Parasympathetic withdrawal parameters estimated during continuous graded exercise have been used as aerobic indices. The purposes of this study were to: 1) examine the pattern of parasympathetic withdrawal during an intermittent fitness test (30-15 IFT) and, 2) verify the relationship among parasympathetic withdrawal parameters estimated during 30-15IFT, with its’ maximal running speed (VIFT). Thirteen male handball players performed the 30-15 IFT. Heart rate variability (HRV) indices were estimated every 45 s over the 30-15IFT until 85% of maximal heart rate or 15 km.h, and plotted against time to estimation of parasympathetic withdrawal parameters (t, amplitude (A) and area under the curve (AUC)). Parasympathetic withdrawal was well adjusted to a mono-exponential decay curve-fitting (R = 0.96-0.97). The parasympathetic withdrawal parameters t and A were poorly correlated with VIFT (r = 0.29-0.46, P > 0.05), whereas AUC was moderate-tostrongly correlated with VIFT (r = 0.64-0.80, P < 0.05). Therefore, AUC derived from the mono-exponential decay pattern during 30-15 IFT can be considered an aerobic index of intermittent exercise.
An Investigation of the Perceptions of Early Career Academics towards Science

The purpose of this study was to understand science perceptions of the research assistants as early career academics. For this aim the questionnaire composing three main parts was conducted to 347 research assistants from a state university in Turkey. The findings of the study revealed that the research assistants generally have strong interest to their academic fields. Another important finding was that research assistants have a pragmatic approach toward the idea of science. Results also pointed out that majority of the research assistants consider themselves as an intellectual on science. The results of this study are expected to enhance scientific culture at universities by revealing the current science perception among research assistants. © 2013 IOJES. All rights reserved
Female Labor Force Participation in Urbanization Process: The Case of Turkey

Urbanization -as a worldwide pheonemenon- has increased its pace especially in the twentieth century in all over the World. Turkey is no exception of this process. In Turkey, urbanization has been accelerated since 1950 and it still carries on by increasing its speed. While only 25% of the population had lived in cities in 1927, nowadays this portion of the population has reached to aproximately 70.0 %. Like in many developing countries, women in rural labor markets of Turkey mostly work as unpaid family workers in agriculture and in some non-market activities such as home production and voluntary jobs. It is observed that from 1950’s to today women’s labor force participation rates (LFPRs) in urban areas have been diminished dramatically. Besides other factors that reduces women’s LFP in urban areas, ongoing migration from rural to urban areas seems to play the dominant role in this result. It appears that as a result of migration rural female workers are left without any jobs in the cities. Several factors can be taken into account to explain this transformation such as; cultural values against women’s participation in market work, women’s lack of education and marketable skills, unfavorable labor market conditions and increases in enrollment rates in all levels of schooling. In this paper, we have explained the characteristics, causes and dimensions of female labor force participation in urbanization process of Turkey.
The standard model of low-mass star formation applied to massive stars: a multi-wavelength picture of AFGL 2591

Context. While it is currently unclear from a theoretical standpoint which forces and processes dominate the formation of high-mass stars, and hence determine the mode in which they form, much of the recent observational evidence suggests that massive stars are born in a similar manner to their low-mass counterparts. Aims. This paper aims to investigate the hypothesis that the embedded luminous star AFGL 2591-VLA 3 (2.3 × 10 5 Lat 3.33 kpc) is forming according to a scaled-up version of a low-mass star formation scenario. Methods. We present multi-configuration Very Large Array (VLA) 3.6 cm and 7 mm, as well as Combined Array for Research in Millimeter Astronomy C 18 O and 3 mm continuum observations to investigate the morphology and kinematics of the ionized gas, dust, and molecular gas around AFGL 2591. We also compare our results to ancillary Gemini North near-IR images, and model the near-IR to sub-mm spectral energy distribution (SED) and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) image profiles of AFGL 2591 using a Monte-Carlo dust continuum radiative transfer code. Results. The observed 3.6 cm images uncover for the first time that the central powering source AFGL 2591-VLA 3 has a compact core plus collimated jet morphology, extending 4000 AU eastward from the central source with an opening angle of <10 ◦ at this radius. However, at 7 mm VLA 3 does not show a jet morphology, but instead compact (<500 AU) emission, some of which (<0.57 mJy of 2.9 mJy) is estimated to be from dust emission. The spectral index of AFGL 2591-VLA 3 between 3.6 cm and 7 mm was found to be between 0.4 and 0.5, similar to that of an ionized wind. If the 3.6 cm emission is modelled as an ionized jet, the jet has almost enough momentum to drive the larger-scale flow. However, assuming a shock efficiency of 10%, the momentum rate of the jet is not sufficient to ionize itself via only shocks, and thus a significant portion of the emission is instead likely created in a photoionized wind. The C 18 O emission uncovers dense entrained material in the outflow(s) from these young stars. The main features of the SED and 2MASS images of AFGL 2591-VLA 3 are also reproduced by our model dust geometry of a rotationally flattened envelope with and without ad isk. Conclusions. The above results are consistent with a picture of massive star formation similar to that seen for low-mass protostars. However, within its envelope, AFGL 2591-VLA 3 contains at least four other young stars, constituting a small cluster. Therefore it appears that AFGL 2591-VLA 3 may be able to source its accreting material from a shared gas reservoir while still exhibiting the phenomena expected during the formation of low-mass stars.
Monetary and Non-monetary Gift Exchange

We study the role of reciprocity in a labour market field experiment. Recently, many experiments have been conducted to test the extent to which cash and non-monetary gifts affect workers’ productivity through social exchange. Our experiment concluded that non-monetary gifts are more effective at invoking reciprocal behaviour. Despite a higher preference for money, a non-monetary incentive results in a significant increase in productivity as compared to an equivalent cash gift. Extending the experiment for negative reciprocity, the results highlight the asymmetry of positive and negative reciprocity that exists in the field. Discontinuation of a monetary gift results in a stronger negative effect than the discontinuation of non-monetary gifts
IMPACTS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MALINDI: AN ANALYSIS OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTION

Tourism is the largest component ofMalindi’s local economy. The growth ofthe industry is not without some socio-cultural impacts in the coast region, thus calling for a critical examination of tourism development and the hosts’ socio-cultural dynamics. This paper investigates the Malindi residents’ perceptions ofthe socio-cultural implications resulting from tourism. Two months of interviews revealed that the Malindi residents fully supported the present levels of tourism development and would like the industry to expand. However, they identified several impacts, both positive and negative, that tourism had on the destination. The study findings confirmed that those respondents who economically relied on tourism had more positive attitudes than those who did not depend on it.
Six sigma, absorptive capacity and organisational learning orientation

The importance of the six sigma methodology in industry is growing constantly. However, there are few empirical studies that analyse the advantages of this methodology and its positive effects on organisational performance. The purpose of this paper is to extend understanding of the success of six sigma quality management initiatives by investigating the effects of six sigma teamwork and process management on absorptive capacity. It also seeks to understand the relation between absorptive capacity and organisational learning as two sources of sustainable competitive advantage. The information used comes from a larger study, the data for which was collected from a random sample of 237 European firms. Of these 237 organisations, 58 are six sigma organisations. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. The main findings show that six sigma teamwork and process management positively affect the development of absorptive capacity. A positive and significant relationship is also observed between absorptive capacity and organisational learning orientation. The findings of this study justify six sigma implementation in firms. This study provides us with an in-depth understanding of some structural elements that characterise the six sigma methodology, enabling us to provide an explanation for its success.
Multigenerational Persistence

ABSTRACT This work documents multigenerational persistence in economic status, showing that not only do parents influence children’s economic outcomes, but so too do grandparents and great-grandparents. Economic persistence is measured using direct grandfather–father–son links, including up to five generations, in administrative data from Norway spanning nearly 150 years (1865–2011). The findings are robust to alternative ways of measuring the characteristics of the parent generation, as well as to alternative indicators of economic status. High persistence is observed also in subsamples where grandchildren had less chance to interact directly with grandparents, suggesting an important role of unexpressed family characteristics in intergenerational transmission. The results indicate a slower occupational convergence across families over time than what is implied by parent–child associations.
Crisis, What Crisis? The Media: Business and Journalism in Times of Crisis

0 false 21 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Normale Tabelle"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} 0 false 21 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Normale Tabelle"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} The global financial and economic crisis is often used to justify a crisis of media and journalism: lower advertising, collapses in the share price, falls in consumption, more unemployment. But is this just a business crisis, or is it also a crisis in journalism and its role in democratic societies? In this case, is the journalism crisis attributable to the economic crisis or, rather, was it forged during the years of high profitability and high salaries in the mass media? These two sides of the crisis, in media industry and in journalism, are addressed in this article, which explores the evolution of mainly Spanish media in the years before the crisis. However, in order to understand how they reached the current situation, political and economic transformations in what has been called the Information Society and neoliberal globalization must be addressed.
Pattern of household access to water supply in sub-urban settlements in parts of Lagos State, Nigeria

Access to safe water supply is one of the fundamental basic needs for human survival. This study examined patterns of household access to water supply in sub-urban settlements in arts of Lagos State,Nigeria.Data used for this study were obtained from social survey on access through questionnaire administration of randomly sampled 200 household members from four settlements each from Badagry and Ikorodu local government areas during the month of September 2012.The results showed that, boreholes, protected dug wells, vendors providing water, and rainwater harvesting were the main sources of water in the study area. Access to improved water source revealed that Igbogbo, a settlement from Ikorodu had the highest score with about 16.1%. About 21.7% of the households have access to safe water. A dependent relationship was established at p<. 000 between the settlements and safe water sources. The pattern of access to improved water source showed that, households from Iworo-Ajido and Igbogbo had the highest access in Badagry and Ikorodu local government areas respectively. The attributes of water access showed about 60%, 79.8%, 42.7% and 62.1% of the respective households gained access to water based on distance, time taken, number of trips and quantity of water consumed per capita per day. The study concluded that access to safe water supply was low in the area. It recommended rainwater harvesting technology, extension of piped water connections and public standpipes for safe water supply provision to the suburb settlements. Keywords : access to water, household, improved water source, Lagos-Nigeria, safe water supply, sub-urban settlemen
International Views of Inclusive Education: A Comparative Study of Early Childhood Educator's Perceptions in Jordan, United Arab Emirates, and the United States of America.

The purpose of this research was to explore and describe early childhood educators' perceptions of academic aspects and social and emotional aspects of inclusion practices. In this comparative international quantitative research an attitudinal demographic survey was distributed to 300 early childhood educators in mandated kindergartens and primary public schools in urban areas of Amman/Jordan, Sharjah and northern areas/United Arab Emirates, and Southwestern/U.S.A. The main highlighted themes included: teachers’ attitudes toward academic aspects of inclusion practices, teachers’ attitudes toward social and emotional aspects that affect inclusive practices in different contexts.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors in the treatment of advanced oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer

Breast cancer remains the most frequent cancer among women in Poland with malignancies, despite significant improvement in early detection and treatment. In oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancers activation of the CDK4/CDK6/E2F axis is very common, and one of the mechanisms of action of the endocrine therapies is the suppression of CDK4 and CDK6 activity. The inhibition of CDKs is an important target for novel agents. This article concentrates on two CDK4/6 inhibitors, which showed promising efficacy in recently published studies: palbociclib and ribociclib. The phase 3 studies with palbociclib and ribociclib produced practice-changing results, improving the progression-free survival in the first-line setting in ER-positive HER2-negative advanced breast cancer when added to standard endocrine therapy.
Is Cannabis Use Related to Road Crashes? A Study of Long Distance Commercial Drivers in Nigeria

Factors associated with driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) and related road crashes among 422 commercial drivers were studied. A multivariate analysis was conducted to understand the associations between risk factors and DUIC and car crashes respectively. Young age, OR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.9-7.6; cannabis abuse, OR = 4.1, 95% CI, 1.9-8.2; cannabis dependence, OR = 4.4, 95% CI, 2.1- 7.8; hire- driver, OR = 5.3, 95% CI, 2.0- 14.2, remained associated with DUIC after model adjustments while previous DUIC accidents, OR = 4.5, 95% CI, 2.2 -11.0; combined DUIC and driving under influence of alcohol (DUIA), OR = 5.1, 95% CI, 2.7 – 14.0, remained associated with cannabis related crashes after model adjustment. DUIC increases the risk of involvement in a crash most particularly if there is associated DUIA. Key Words: Cannabis, driving under influence, Nigeria, road crashes, commercial drivers
Tale of Two Systems: Winners and Losers When Moving from Defined Benefit to Defined Contribution Pensions

There is a trend among employers to prefer Defined Contribution instead of Defined Benfit pension plans, since the former transfer all risks associated with investment return, longevity, etc from the employer to the employee. However, Defined Contribution plans also allow the individual to enter into positions contingent on the individual situation. This paper investigates the individual welfare consequences of different plans. We used the recent transition from defined benefit to defined contribution for white-collar workers in Sweden as the benchmark for our analysis. The framework for our analysis is a life cycle model of a borrowing - constrained individual's consumption - and portfolio choices in the presence of uncertain labour income. The main result is that individuals with the characteristic of a low expected pre-retirement income relative to average income and high variance in earnings are winners (men with university degree in the private sector), and that those with the opposite characteristic (women with university degree in the public sector) would be losers.
Teaching and Evaluating Graduate Attributes in Science Based Disciplines

Graduate attributes, other than professional knowledge and skills, are now important outcomes for tertiary education. In science, anecdotal observations indicated minimal focus on: innovation; independent learning; communication; and societal involvement. Therefore, how graduate attributes were introduced, developed, taught and assessed into first and second year science units were investigated. Which graduate attributes were contextualized into learning objectives and activities together with how outcomes were measured and assessed were investigated. Results showed ~70% of teaching, development and assessment centred on disciplinary knowledge and most of the rest on professional skills. Oral presentations, portfolios, extended writing, and field trips comprised ~15% of assessment. Hence, a structured overview is needed to address the full scope of graduate attributes at the course level. There is an urgent need for the modern needs of tertiary education to be embraced by staff to ensure graduate attributes are attained commensurate with the expectations of the wider community.
Nutritional intake and physical performance capacity in Flemish schoolchildren (seven to12 years): issues for responsible marketing

Purpose – It is the aim of the present paper to describe the nutritional intake, the physical performance capacity and certain anthropometric variables of a group of schoolchildren (n=297) aged seven to 12 years. The findings on this population may be used to give advice in specific marketing situations.Design/methodology/approach – The subjects were asked to complete a three‐day food diary. During a school visit body weight, stature and skinfold thicknesses were measured. Physical fitness was assessed using items of the Eurofit test battery. Data analysis was carried out as a function of sex and age groups.Findings – The study finds that 77 per cent of all subjects had a caloric intake below the recommended daily allowance (RDA), while 23 per cent had an intake above the RDA. Macronutrient analysis showed for all groups a low carbohydrate intake, a high fat intake, whilst protein intake was just near the upper limit of the RDA. Flexibility, explosive leg strength, abdominal dynamic muscular endurance and.