Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A combined experimental-theoretical study of the vibrational predissociation and product rotational distributions for high vibrational levels of He79Br2

Pump-probe spectra of HeBr2 in vibrational states v′=10 and 39 through 48 of the B electronic state are reported and the fragment rotational distributions from vibrational predissociation of the cluster are extracted from the measured E(0g+)←B(3Π0u+) spectra of Br2. The experimental results are compared to theoretical calculations on the B←X spectra using atom-atom model potentials and performing a thermal average over transitions that contribute to the net excitation. Very good agreement between experiment and theory is obtained, except in the region of v′=44, where the Δv=−1 channel closes, and in the region of v′=48 where the Δv=−2 channel closes. For v′=43, and v′=44, the agreement is less satisfactory because the dynamics are extremely sensitive to details of the potential energy surface due to threshold effects associated with the Δv=−1 channel closing. Similar sensitivity to the potential due to the Δv=−2 channel closing impairs the agreement between experiment and theory for v′=48. Below v′=43, th.
Identification and characterization of tetraploid and octoploid Jatropha curcas induced by colchicine

Jatropha curcas is considered to be one of the greatest potential biofuel plants. However, the application of J. curcas is limited by a lack of high yielding varieties. Polyploids often generate useful germplasm for genetic improvement in many plants. Here, tetraploid and octoploid J. curcas were obtained by treating the shoot tips of seedlings with colchicine. The ploidy of J. curcas was determined by measuring the nuclear DNA content with flow cytometry and by counting chromosomes. Treatment with 0.1% colchicine for seven days was the most effective condition for producing polyploid plants, yielding 15% tetraploids. There was no significant plant height difference between tetraploid and diploid plants, but octoploid plants grew slowly and were about one-third the height of diploid plants. With increased ploidy, the stomata and pollen grains became larger, stomatal density decreased, the leaves became thicker, and the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance decreased. Compared with diploid plants, the tetraploid plants had larger leaves, male and female flowers and pollen, but the octoploid leaves were about half the size of the diploid leaves. The fruits and seeds of the tetraploid plants were larger than those of the diploid, but the single seed weight and oil content were decreased. The octoploid plants were sterile, with no flower buds on three-year-old plants. The polyploid plants obtained in this study could be useful for breeding programs and for studies of flower development and abiotic stress tolerance in J. curcas.
Ergenlerde Şiddet Eğilimi, Yalnızlık ve Sosyal Destek

The aim of this study is to analyze the level of perceived social support and loneliness levels of the adolescents with and without high tendency towards violence. For this purpose, information has been collected from 899 high school students educated in state schools located in Adana. The data of the research have been obtained by using Violence Tendency Scale (VTS) developed by Haskan and Yildirim (2012), UCLA Loneliness Scale developed by Russell, Peplau ve Ferguson (1978) and adapted into Turkish culture by Demir (1989) and Perceived Social Support Scale (ASDO-R) developed by Yildirim (2004). Independent-samples t-test has been used in the analysis of the data. According to the results of the analysis, the students with a high tendency towards violence have been found to have less support from their families, friends and teachers and high loneliness levels.
The Company and the Product: Corporate Associations and Consumer Product Responses

Although brand theorists suggest that what a person knows about a company (i.e., corporate associations) can influence perceptions of the company's products, little systematic research on these effects exists. The authors examine the effects of two general types of corporate associations on product responses: One focuses on the company's capabilities for producing products, that is, corporate ability (CA) associations, and the other focuses on the company's perceived social responsibility, that is, corporate social responsibility (CSR) associations. The results of three studies, including one that measures respondents’ CA and CSR associations for well-known companies and one that uses consumers recruited in a shopping mall, demonstrate that (1) what consumers know about a company can influence their beliefs about and attitudes toward new products manufactured by that company, (2) CA and CSR associations may have different effects on consumer responses to products, and (3) products of companies with negative associations are not always destined to receive negative responses. The authors conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for marketing managers and further research.
Glucosinolates and Their Important Biological and Anti Cancer Effects : A Review = الجلاكوسينولات و تأثيراتها البيولوجية و مضادات السرطان المهمة : مراجعة

Glucosinolates are sulfur-rich plant metabolites of the family of Brassicace and other fifteen families of dicotyledonous angiosperms including a large number of edible species. At least 130 different glucosinolates have been identified. Following tissue damage, glucosinolates undergo hydrolysis catalysed by the enzyme myrosinase to produce a complex array of products which include volatile isothiocyanates and several compounds with goitrogenic and anti cancer activities. Glucosinolates are considered potential source of sulfur for other metabolic processes under low-sulfur conditions, therefore the breakdown of glucosinolates will be increased under sulfur deficiency. However, the pathway for sulfur mobilization from glucosinolates has not been determined.Glucosinolates and their breakdown products have long been recognized for their fungicidal, bacteriocidal, nematocidal and allelopathic properties and have recently attracted intense research interest because of their cancer chemoprotective attributes. Glucosinolate derivatives stop cancer via destroying cancer cells, and they also suppress genes that create new blood vessels, which support tumor growth and spread. These organic compounds also reduce the carcinogenic effects of many environmental toxins by boosting the expression of detoxifying enzymes.
Enhancement of self-efficacy and interest in learning English of undergraduate students with low English proficiency through a collaborative learning programme

Self-efficacy and interest are two of the essential motivational factors that influence learning. An exploratory study aimed to discover the development of self-efficacy and interest of learning English through participation in a collaborative learning programme had been organised. Five undergraduate students with low proficiency in English participated in this exploratory study. Pre- and post-questionnaire on self-efficacy were collected. After completing 12 English tutoring classes of teaching experience, the five undergraduate students were invited to attend a focus group interview. The verbatim scripts were transcribed and analysed by using content analysis. Three themes have been identified: 1. there were an increase in the sources of self-efficacy to the subjects in learning English, 2. an increase in self-efficacy in the subjects’ English learning, and 3. a greater interest in learning English. Pre- and post- mean scores on the language self-efficacy scale were collected and showed that the mean score was increased by 1.2, 95% CI = 0.027 to 2.13. The subjects’ language self-efficacy scores had increased significantly (t = 3.57, df = 4, p = 0.02). Collaborative learning programme might be an effective approach in enhancing students’ interest in learning English and through the process students could become more self-efficacious in learning English.
Evidence that Executive Productivity Matters When Determining Optimal Incentive Levels

We document evidence that (absolute) grant size and exercise price choices in determining optimal pay-performance sensitivity are moderated by executive productivity. Specifically, we find that larger grants are associated with lower productivity, but we also find that in-the-money (ITM) grants are associated higher executive productivity. Given that large-firm CEOs in our Australian data set are less productive than small-firm CEOs in our sample, we show empirically that ITM grants rather than larger grants are preferred to incentivize less-productive CEOs.
Cosmic dynamics in the era of Extremely Large Telescopes

The redshifts of all cosmologically distant sources are expected to experience a small, systematic drift as a function of time due to the evolution of the Universe's expansion rate. A measurement of this effect would represent a direct and entirely model-independent determination of the expansion history of the Universe over a redshift range that is inaccessible to other methods. Here we investigate the impact of the next generation of Extremely Large Telescopes on the feasibility of detecting and characterising the cosmological redshift drift. We consider the Lyman alpha forest in the redshift range 2 < z < 5 and other absorption lines in the spectra of high redshift QSOs as the most suitable targets for a redshift drift experiment. Assuming photon-noise limited observations and using extensive Monte Carlo simulations we determine the accuracy to which the redshift drift can be measured from the Ly alpha forest as a function of signal-to-noise and redshift. Based on this relation and using the brightness and redshift distributions of known QSOs we find that a 42-m telescope is capable of unambiguously detecting the redshift drift over a period of ~20 yr using 4000 h of observing time. Such an experiment would provide independent evidence for the existence of dark energy without assuming spatial flatness, using any other cosmological constraints or making any other astrophysical assumption.
Identifying idiolect in forensic authorship attribution: an n-gram textbite approach

Forensic authorship attribution is concerned with identifying authors of disputed or anonymous documents, which are potentially evidential in legal cases, through the analysis of linguistic clues left behind by writers. The forensic linguist “approaches this problem of questioned authorship from the theoretical position that every native speaker has their own distinct and individual version of the language [. ], their own idiolect” (Coulthard, 2004: 31). However, given the difficulty in empirically substantiating a theory of idiolect, there is growing concern in the Veld that it remains too abstract to be of practical use (Kredens, 2002; Grant, 2010; Turell, 2010). Stylistic, corpus, and computational approaches to text, however, are able to identify repeated collocational patterns, or n-grams, two to six word chunks of language, similar to the popular notion of soundbites: small segments of no more than a few seconds of speech that journalists are able to recognise as having news value and which characterise the important moments of talk. The soundbite oUers an intriguing parallel for authorship attribution studies, with the following question arising: looking at any set of texts by any author, is it possible to identify ‘n-gram textbites’, small textual segments that characterise that author’s writing, providing DNA-like chunks of identifying material? Drawing on a corpus of 63,000 emails and 2.5 million words written by 176 employees of the former American energy corporation Enron, a case study approach is adopted, Vrst showing through stylistic analysis that one Enron employee repeatedly produces the same stylistic patterns of politely encoded directives in a way that may be considered habitual. Then a statistical experiment with the same case study author Vnds that word n-grams can assign anonymised email samples to him with success rates as high as 100%. This paper argues that, if suXciently distinctive, these textbites are able to identify authors by reducing a mass of data to key segments that move us closer to the elusive concept of idiolect.
Evidence on Union-Firm Bargaining in the U.K

In t-his paper an attempt is made to assess the behaviour of the rate of return on sales of unionised firms as compared to the non-unionised ones in the late 1980s in the U.K. The main aim is to examine what has happened to the rela.LluH. 51úp ~o::;~w=1L ul~uuisation anel }Jfolltauiiüy after the changes in the union legislation, competition environrnent and cyclical variations that took place over this period. The impact of different forms of union-firm bargaining on the union-profitability effect is also examined. The data reveal that the negative union effect on profitability exists, even after controlling for firm specific fixed effects, that it is larger where unions negotiate jointly with the firm as part of industry leveI bargaining, but that it has been sharply reduced over the 1980s. JEL Classification: J51
Gastrointestinal Parasites of Domesticated Grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus) in South-western Nigeria

Abstract A total of one hundred and seventy-eight (178) faecal samples were collected for the study of domesticated grasscutters’ gastrointestinal parasites, from four farms located in three states (Oyo, Ogun and Lagos) in south-western Nigeria. The faecal samples were subjected to qualitative (Direct smear, Floatation and concentration of eggs and cysts, Larva culture.) and quantitative (Cornell-McMaster dilution egg counting technique) examinations. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The identified parasites included 9 species of Nematodes, 1 species of Cestode and a Protozoan parasite. The Nematodes were Ascaris sp. , Bunostomum sp. , Strongyloides sp. , Trichostrongylus sp. , Oesophagostomum sp. , Trichuris sp. , Haemonchus sp. Nematodirus sp and Strongyles sp. The Cestode identified was Moniezia sp, while Eimeira oocyst was the only protozoan parasite isolated. The highest prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites infection was observed in grasscutters from Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (78.8%) while the least was from Agege farm (58.0%).
Multiscale Analysis of Foreign Exchange Order Flows and Technical Trading Profitability

This paper investigates the multiscale (frequency-dependent) relationship between technical trading profitability and feedback trading effects in the Canada/U.S. dollar foreign exchange market. The results suggest that technical trading activities of financial customers drive frequent violations of the FX market microstructure assumption that exchange rate movements are driven by order flow. After controlling for transaction costs, we find that the contribution of financial customers in feedback trading dominates the contribution of non-financial customers, especially at lower frequencies. An additional, novel contribution is that technical indicators constructed from order flows can be profitable.
Short- And Long-Term Word Clustering Effect on Vocabulary Learning of EFL Learners: A Case of Semantic Versus Phonological Clustering

Research on word clustering effect has been a critical issue in vocabulary studies and has generated controversial results. To remove this controversy, the aim of this study is to probe into the effect of word clustering method on vocabulary learning of Iranian EFL learners through semantic versus phonological clustering. To this effect, 80 homogeneous students from four intermediate classes at an English institute in Torbat‑e‑Heydariyeh participated in this research. They were assigned to four groups according to semantic versus phonological clustering (± semantic, ± phonological); then, based on each group's clustering pattern, 10 selected words were taught. At the end of the treatment phase, immediate and delayed posttests of vocabulary were given to the students in a multiple-choice format to investigate the effects of word clustering in short and long-term vocabulary learning. The analysis of the data was done in SPSS through a one-way ANOVA. The results in both immediate and delayed post-tests showed a statistically significant difference among groups. The obtained mean scores revealed the following rank order of mean performance in both immediate and delayed post-tests :(+ semantic, + phonological), (+ semantic, - phonological), (- semantic, + phonological), and (- semantic, - phonological). This finding revealed that semantic and phonological clustering were effective methods of grouping new vocabulary. These findings and relevant implications are discussed in the paper.
Price Discovery in Government Bond Markets

Price discovery in government bond markets is explored using Norwegian data including trades from both tiers of the market and dealer identities. The results show that while aggregate interdealer order flow explains one-fourth of daily yield changes, aggregate customer order flow has little explanatory power. Dealers are heterogeneously informed and appear to have different sources of information. While some dealers mainly rely on their customer trades, others appear to rely on skill in acquiring and interpreting other relevant information, suggesting that dealers play an independent role in the price discovery process.
Inflation Forecast Targeting: Implementing and Monitoring Inflation Targets

Inflation targeting is shown to imply inflation forecast targeting: the central bank's inflation forecast becomes an explicit intermediate target. Inflation forecast targeting simplifies both implementation and monitoring of monetary policy. The weight on output stabilization determines how quickly the inflation forecast is adjusted towards the inflation target. Money growth or exchange rate targeting is generally inferior to inflation targeting and leads to higher inflation variability. Commitment to commitment to
A Late Pleistocene palaeoclimate record based on mineral magnetic properties of the entrance facies sediments of Kulna Cave, Czech Republic

Summary Kulna Cave is located in the Moravian Karst, a well-developed karstic region formed in Devonian limestones in the eastern part of the Czech Republic. The entrance facies sediments in the cave consist of interbedded layers of silts (loess) and clay-rich silts (loam) that were either directly blown into the cave entrance or redeposited in the cave by slope processes during the Last Glacial Stage. The layers of loess and loam overlie fluvial sands and gravels deposited during the Last Interglacial. Previous research at Kulna concentrated on the archaeology, palaeontology and dendrology of these entrance facies sediments. From these data, palaeoenvironmental conditions in the vicinity of the cave were reconstructed. Our results suggest that susceptibility variations and in particular variations in pedogenic susceptibility yield a more detailed record of the palaeoenvironmental conditions at the cave during the Last Glacial Stage. Magnetic susceptibility (χ) was measured on approximately 700 samples collected throughout three well-studied profiles in the cave entrance. The χ record is well defined and correlates from one profile to another. Mineral magnetic measurements [FD, ARM/SIRM, S-ratio, χ(T)] suggest that χ variations in the Kulna sediments from the Last Glacial Stage are controlled by the concentration of magnetite and/or maghemite formed during pedogenesis. After the removal of the effects of fine carbonate debris and detrital ferromagnetic minerals on the bulk χ record, we obtained a record of pedogenic susceptibility (χp) that serves to quantify the concentration of magnetic minerals formed during pedogenesis. Therefore, χp can be thought of as a proxy reflecting the intensity of pedogenesis, which in turn is controlled by climate. Our χp record is also in good agreement with the median grain size record of the Kulna sediments (another proxy for climatic change). We suggest that in the case of Kulna, χp is more sensitive to climate change than bulk χ. The Kulna pedogenic susceptibility record shows variations on both long and short timescales. The long-term trends are in good agreement with the deep-sea SPECMAP record, while the short-term oscillations correlate well with rapid changes in the North Atlantic sea surface temperatures. Our results suggest that Central European climate during the Last Glacial Stage was strongly controlled by the sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic. Short-term warmer events and perhaps higher precipitation over the mid-continent increased the intensity of pedogenesis. Given the number of independent climate proxies determined from the entrance facies of the cave and their high resolution, Kulna is an extremely important site for studying Late Pleistocene climate.
Length weight relationship, food and feeding habits and condition factor of Synodontis melanoptera and Synodontis courtetti from Lower River Benue, Benue State, Nigeria

Length weight relationship, food and feeding habit and condition factor of Synodontis melanoptera and Synodontis courtetti from Lower River were investigated. The results show that total length, weight and condition factor of S. melanoptera male ranged from 25.50-47.00cm, 100.00-955.00g and 0.39-1.82. Total length, weight and condition factor of S. melanoptera female ranged from 22.50-45.70cm, 103.00- 963.00g and 0.55-2. Female S. melanoptera had higher mean total length (34.02±0.96cm), weight (518.20±42.58g) and condition factor (1.12±0.05) than the male with (33.15±1.21cm), 358.83±52.09g and 0.78±0.05 respectively. Contrastingly, the total length, weight and condition factor of S. courtetti male ranged from 21.48-44.40cm, 106.20-840.40g and 0.37-1.94. Total length, weight and condition factor of S. courtetti female ranged from 22.48-48.30cm, 106.20-946.10g and 0.34-1.76. Female S. courtetti had higher mean total length (33.40±0.85cm), weight (381.58±36.09g) and condition factor (0.89±0.40) than the male counterpart (32.30±0.87cm, 327.32±39.68g and 0.88±0.06 respectively. The ‘b’ values for male, female and combined sexes of S. melanptera were 3.62, 3.32 and 3.45, with high correlation coefficients of 0.91, 0.92 and 0.90, respectively. Male S. melanptera had better ‘b’ value (3.62) than the female (3.32). Also, the ‘b’ values for male, female and combined sexes of S. courtetti were 3.16, 3.10 and 3.12 with high correlation coefficients of 0.83, 0.85 and 0.84, respectively. Higher ‘b’ value (3.16) was recorded for male S. courtetti than the female (3.10). The most frequently food item consumed by S. melanoptera and S. courtetti were stones; while S. melanoptera consumed 61.64% of this food item, S. courtetti consumed 86.44% followed by worms. S. melanoptera consumed 45.21%, S. courtetti consumed 69.49% whereas, the least frequently consumed food item by S. melanoptera and S. courtetti were crayfish (4.11%) and unidentified food item (10.17%), respectively. Numerically, the highest food item consumed by S. melanoptera and S. courtetti were worms (Nematode); S. melanoptera accounted for 31.90% while S. courtetti accounted for 34.57%. Crayfish (3.33%) and unidentified food item (5.76%) were the least food items consumed by S. melanoptera and S. courtetti . Keywords: Length-weight, food and feeding, condition factor Synodontis melanoptera , Synodontis courtetti
Forming Student Project Teams Based On Hermann Brain Dominance (Hbdi) Results

The thinking preferences of 487 students at the University if North Carolina at Charlotte were evaluated with the Hermann Brain Dominance Instrument (HBDI) 1 at the beginning of the fall 1995 term. These beginning engineering, computer science, and engineering technology students were grouped in teams of four to seven students for projects in their ENGR 120