Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symptoms related to sleep-disordered breathing in white and Hispanic children: the Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea Study.

STUDY OBJECTIVES The Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea (TuCASA) study is designed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of objectively measured sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in preadolescent children. This article describes the parental report of sleep symptoms associated with SDB in Hispanic and white children. DESIGN A 13-question sleep habits screening questionnaire designed to assess the severity of sleep-related symptoms associated with SDB in children 4 to 11 years of age. SETTING Questionnaires were completed by the parents of children attending elementary school in the Tucson Unified School District, Tucson, AZ. PARTICIPANTS There were 1,494 questionnaires returned, which comprised a sample of whites (38%), Hispanics (45%), and other races (17%). Of these questionnaires, 1,214 were returned for the children of white (45.8%; 556 children) or Hispanic (54.2%; 658 children) ethnicity only. The primary analysis was completed on these 613 boys (50.5%) and 601 girls (49.5%). RESULTS In the total sample of 1,494 children, parents were more likely to report excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in female children than in male children (p <.01), however, this association did not achieve significance in the sample of only white and Hispanic children (p <.07). Composite variables for EDS and witnessed apnea (WITAP) show that parents of Hispanic children were more likely to report EDS (p <.01) and WITAP (p <.007). Hispanic children were also more likely to have learning problems (LPs) [p <. 03] and to snore frequently (SN) [p <. 02] than were white children. There were no significant differences between boys and girls for SN or WITAP. Hispanic boys were more likely to have reports of EDS (p <.02) and LPs (p <.04) than white boys, however, there were no other significant differences in gender or ethnicity in reports of EDS or LPs for white or Hispanic boys and girls. Those children with frequent LPs were significantly more likely to have SN (p <.001), EDS (p <.001), and WITAP (p <.001). A logistic regression model predicting LP resulted in significant adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 2.4 for SN, 2.5 for EDS, and 2.1 for children aged 8 to 11 years. A similar model for EDS resulted in significant adjusted ORs of 3.2 for SN, 5.7 for WITAP, and 1.6 for female gender. Ethnicity was not significant in either model. CONCLUSIONS Hispanic children in the population-based TuCASA study experienced more frequent symptoms associated with SDB, such as SN, EDS, WITAP, and LPs, than did white children. Children with LPs are 2.4 times more likely to have SN, 2.5 times more likely to have EDS, and were 2.1 times more likely to be between the ages of 8 and 11 years. Children with EDS were 3.2 times more likely to have SN, 5.7 times more likely to have WITAP, and were 1.6 times more likely to be a girl.
CLD1/SRL1 modulates leaf rolling by affecting cell wall formation, epidermis integrity and water homeostasis in rice

Leaf rolling is considered as one of the most important agronomic traits in rice breeding. It has been previously reported that SEMI-ROLLED LEAF 1 (SRL1) modulates leaf rolling by regulating the formation of bulliform cells in rice (Oryza sativa); however, the regulatory mechanism underlying SRL1 has yet to be further elucidated. Here, we report the functional characterization of a novel leaf-rolling mutant, curled leaf and dwarf 1 (cld1), with multiple morphological defects. Map-based cloning revealed that CLD1 is allelic with SRL1, and loses function in cld1 through DNA methylation. CLD1/SRL1 encodes a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein that modulates leaf rolling and other aspects of rice growth and development. The cld1 mutant exhibits significant decreases in cellulose and lignin contents in secondary cell walls of leaves, indicating that the loss of function of CLD1/SRL1 affects cell wall formation. Furthermore, the loss of CLD1/SRL1 function leads to defective leaf epidermis such as bulliform-like epidermal cells. The defects in leaf epidermis decrease the water-retaining capacity and lead to water deficits in cld1 leaves, which contribute to the main cause of leaf rolling. As a result of the more rapid water loss and lower water content in leaves, cld1 exhibits reduced drought tolerance. Accordingly, the loss of CLD1/SRL1 function causes abnormal expression of genes and proteins associated with cell wall formation, cuticle development and water stress. Taken together, these findings suggest that the functional roles of CLD1/SRL1 in leaf-rolling regulation are closely related to the maintenance of cell wall formation, epidermal integrity and water homeostasis.
Differential cytokine response in interstitial fluid in skin and serum during experimental inflammation in rats

Tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) are important mediators produced during inflammation. We hypothesized that the pro‐inflammatory cytokine response in the interstitial fluid (IF) is different from that in serum, and we aimed at quantifying the amount of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in the IF. By centrifugation of rat skin at < 424 g pure IF is extracted. Using ELISA such fluid was analysed for cytokines in back and/or paw skin of pentobarbital‐anaesthetized rats, after either induction of endotoxaemia or ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. During endotoxaemia, TNF‐α increased in the IF from 0 in control to 640 ± 100 pg ml−1 (mean ±s.e.m.) after 90 min, with the serum concentration being 5–10 times higher at all time points. The response pattern of IL‐1β after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge differed greatly from that of TNF‐α with a large increase in IF from 390 ± 90 to 28 000 ± 1500 pg ml−1 after 210 min, and a significantly smaller increase in serum (600 ± 45 pg ml−1). During reperfusion of the hind paw after 2 h of ischaemia, there was a gradual increase of TNF‐α in both IF of the paw skin and serum after 3 min of reperfusion. Both declined after 20 min. The pattern for IL‐1β differed, increasing significantly less in serum (25 ± 15 pg ml−1 after 20 min of reperfusion) than in the IF (1100 ± 200 pg ml−1). Immunostaining of the inflamed tissues showed increased expression of the two cytokines in cells of both epidermis and dermis compared to controls. Subdermal injections of TNF‐α and IL‐1β at the same concentrations found in IF after LPS infusion affected interstitial fluid pressure significantly. Local TNF‐α production dominates after I/R injury, whereas in endotoxaemia systemic production predominates. For IL‐1β local production dominates in both conditions. Thus, there is a differential pattern of cytokine production and the current method allows the study of the role of cytokines in IF during different inflammatory reactions.
Isolation of cold-sensitive mutants of measles virus from persistently infected murine neuroblastoma cells

Clone NS20Y of the mouse neuroblastoma C1300 was infected with wild-type Edmonston measles virus, and, after a transition to a carrier culture, became persistently infected. Persistently infected clones were derived and characterized morphologically by the appearance of multinucleate giant cells and nucleocapsid matrices in cytoplasm and nucleus, but very few budding virus particles. Antimeasles antibodies markedly suppressed the expression of viral antigens and giant cells, and the effect was totally reversible. When the cells were cultured at 33 degrees C, the number of giant cells began to diminish and ultimately disappeared; in contrast, when cultured at 39 degrees C, the cultures invariably lysed. Yields at 33 degrees C were ca. 2 logs lower than those at 39 degrees C. Cells cultured at 33 degrees C produced relatively high levels of interferon, whereas those at 39 degrees C produced little or no interferon. When the persistently infected cultures were exposed to anti-interferon alpha/beta serum at a nonpermissive temperature, there was a marked increase in multinucleate cells, suggesting that maintenance of the persistence state and its regulation by temperature may be related to the production of interferon. Viral isolates from cells cultured at 39 degrees C were obtained, and 90% of viral clones were found to be cold sensitive. Complementation studies with different viral clones indicated that the cold-sensitive defect was probably associated with the same genetic function. Western blot analysis of the persistently infected cells indicated a significant diminution and expression of all measles-specific proteins at a nonpermissive temperature. Infection of NS20Y neuroblastoma cells with the cold-sensitive virus isolates resulted in the development of an immediate persistent infection, whereas infection of Vero or HeLa cells resulted in a characteristic lytic infection, suggesting that the cold-sensitive mutants may be selected or adapted for persistent infection in cells of neural origin.
Tilting of radioactive plaques after initial accurate placement for treatment of uveal melanoma.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate plaque movement as a potential factor in local failure using intraoperative ultrasonography at plaque insertion and removal. METHODS Prospective study of 162 patients with uveal melanoma undergoing intraoperative B-scan ultrasonography at insertion and removal of iodine 125 plaques. RESULTS Tilting of the posterior plaque edge more than 1.0 mm away from the sclera was detected in 15 patients (9%) at plaque insertion and in 85 patients (53%) at plaque removal (P < .001). Factors associated with tilt at plaque removal included male sex (P = .009), decreased tumor distance to the fovea and optic disc (P < .001 for both), notched plaque (P = .001), and episcleral hematoma (P = .009). Plaque tilt caused a reduction greater than 10% in actual radiation dose to the tumor apex in 37 patients (23%). Local failure occurred in only 3 patients (2%), all of whom had tilt of 1.95 mm or greater at plaque removal. CONCLUSIONS Plaque tilt after initial accurate placement occurs frequently during brachytherapy for uveal melanomas and may represent an important cause of local treatment failure. Recognizing and counteracting the effects of plaque tilt may reduce the risk of local failure. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00459849.
Revision of Infected Total Hip Arthroplasty

Extension of infection down the medulla of the femur to the supracondylar region may occur in cases of chronic infected total hip arthroplasty. Because this cannot always be identified before operation, the femur should be reamed and flushed proximally from the lateral condyle in all cases where there is suspicion of infection around the femoral component. Where infection is unequivocal and extensive, a period of irrigation and suction drainage is advisable before final total hip arthroplasty. After the prosthesis has been inserted in either one or two stages, it is wise not to rely on antibiotic cement mixtures alone but to monitor the bacterial flora and prescribe local antibiotic therapy accordingly.
Better Prognosis of Senile Patients with Intertrochanteric Femoral Fracture by Treatment with Open Reduction Internal Fixation than by Hip Arthroplasty

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the postoperative survival and mortality rates in intertrochanteric femoral fracture (IFF) patients who underwent either open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) or hip arthroplasty. Methods: Clinical data from senior patients who had IFF and underwent ORIF or hip arthroplasty were analyzed retrospectively. Survival curves were compared between groups with Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. Significant independent prognostic factors were identified by Cox multivariate regression analysis. Results: All patients recovered fully post-surgery. Although 31 patients died during the follow-up period (ORIF, mean 45.4 months; arthroplasty, mean 51.6 months), mortality rate did not differ significantly between the groups. The 1-yr and 2-yr survival rate estimates for the ORIF group were 92.2%, and 86%, respectively; they were 85% and 74% for the arthroplasty group. Average survival lengths for ORIF and arthroplasty groups were 88 and 67 months, respectively. The effect of surgical approaches on survival differed significantly (log-rank test c2 = 6.402, p = 0.011). Multivariate Cox regression model indicated that surgical choice (p = 0.036) was a significant independent risk factor for the prognosis of senile IFF, even with adjustment for age (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The overall postoperative prognosis was superior in senile IFF patients treated with ORIF.
From Venture Idea to Venture Opportunity

Opportunities are a core construct in the field of entrepreneurship. Despite recent advances suggesting the separation of ideas from opportunities, the field still suffers from conceptual deficiencies. This article builds on this distinction and leverages insights from creativity and innovation management literature to propose a framework that allows tracing the evolution of a venture from first insight to exploitation. It discusses real‐time/longitudinal and retrospective measurement techniques from the fields of entrepreneurship, creativity, and innovation management to empirically capture the framework. Several research questions for future studies are provided, concluding with a discussion of implications for research and practice.
Modelling generation capacity margin as a dynamic control problem

In this paper generation investment process in a liberalised electricity market is simulated as a dynamic control problem with prices, both current and predicted, acting as a feedback variable. Market price is modelled as a function of the capacity margin only. We model an energy-only market, with no capacity payments. The model includes different power plant types with different investment lags, lumpy investment, possibility of mothballing and different investment behaviour. It is shown that the modelled market itself cannot guarantee a sufficient capacity margin and exhibits an oscillatory behaviour
Association of mortality with high temperatures in a temperate climate: England and Wales

Background It is well known that high ambient temperatures are associated with increased mortality, even in temperate climates, but some important details are unclear. In particular, how heat–mortality associations (for example, slopes and thresholds) vary by climate has previously been considered only qualitatively. Methods An ecological time-series regression analysis of daily counts of all-cause mortality and ambient temperature in summers between 1993 and 2006 in the 10 government regions was carried out, focusing on all-cause mortality and 2-day mean temperature (lags 0 and 1). Results All regions showed evidence of increased risk on the hottest days, but the specifics, in particular the threshold temperature at which adverse effects started, varied. Thresholds were at about the same centile temperatures (the 93rd, year-round) in all regions—hotter climates had higher threshold temperatures. Mean supra-threshold slope was 2.1%/°C (95% CI 1.6 to 2.6), but regions with higher summer temperatures showed greater slopes, a pattern well characterised by a linear model with mean summer temperature. These climate-based linear-threshold models capture most, but not all, the association; there was evidence for some non-linearity above thresholds, with slope increasing at highest temperatures. Conclusion Effects of high daily summer temperatures on mortality in English regions are quite well approximated by threshold-linear models that can be predicted from the region's climate (93rd centile and mean summer temperature). It remains to be seen whether similar relationships fit other countries and climates or change over time, such as with climate change.
Lease it or lose it? The implications of New York’s Land Lease Initiative for public housing preservation

Urban scholars frequently call for equitable and inclusive growth to create more just cities but this vision has proven elusive in urban development – especially involving low-income communities and affordable housing. In 2013, the New York City Housing Authority proposed to leverage private development to benefit low-income residents by supporting market-rate residential construction on open space in public housing sites to pay for needed improvements to subsidised units. The Land Lease Initiative was a seemingly win-win plan but quickly faced backlash from multiple quarters. Using interviews with key housing authority officials and analysis of plan documents and media coverage, we show how the content and framing of the plan stoked fears of displacement, despite stated intentions. Our analysis reveals that criticism overlooked four unconventional ideas for preserving public housing, which are embedded in the plan: (1) retaining all public housing units and high-rise public housing towers on site, as opposed to demolishing them; (2) deconcentrating poverty by increasing residential density, instead of displacing poor residents; (3) adding affordable housing units to the site of low-income public housing; and (4) creating mixed-income communities around buildings, in addition to within them. The findings suggest that the future of affordable housing in the neoliberal era involves blurring the line between preservation and privatisation.
Endogenous GluR1‐containing AMPA receptors translocate to asymmetric synapses in the lateral amygdala during the early phase of fear memory formation: An electron microscopic immunocytochemical study

Although glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1)‐containing α‐amino‐3‐hydroxyl‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐propionate receptors (GluR1‐AMPARs) are implicated in synaptic plasticity, it has yet to be demonstrated whether endogenous GluR1‐AMPARs undergo activity‐dependent trafficking in vivo to synapses to support short‐term memory (STM) formation. The paradigm of pavlovian fear conditioning (FC) can be used to address this question, because a discrete region—the lateral amygdala (LA)—has been shown unambiguously to be necessary for the formation of the associative memory between a neutral stimulus (tone [CS]) and a noxious stimulus (foot shock [US]). Acquisition of STM for FC can occur even in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors, indicating that redistribution of pre‐existing molecules to synaptic junctions underlies STM. We employed electron microscopic immunocytochemistry to evaluate alterations in the distribution of endogenous AMPAR subunits at LA synapses during the STM phase of FC. Rats were sacrificed 40 minutes following three CS‐US pairings. In the LA of paired animals, relative to naïve animals, the proportion of GluR1‐AMPAR‐labeled synapses increased 99% at spines and 167% in shafts. In the LA of unpaired rats, for which the CS was never associated with the US, GluR1 immunoreactivity decreased 84% at excitatory shaft synapses. GluR2/3 immunoreactivity at excitatory synapses did not change detectably following paired or unpaired conditioning. Thus, the early phase of FC involves rapid redistribution specifically of the GluR1‐AMPARs to the postsynaptic membranes in the LA, together with the rapid translocation of GluR1‐AMPARs from remote sites into the spine head cytoplasm, yielding behavior changes that are specific to stimulus contingencies. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4723–4739, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can sphygmomanometers designed for self-measurement of blood pressure in the home be used in office practice?

ObjectiveTo examine the possibility of measuring automated office (AO) blood pressure (BP) using home BP recorders in place of the more expensive, fully automated devices designed specifically for professional use. Participants and methodsThree groups of 100 patients each had five AOBP readings recorded with one of three home BP devices while resting alone in a quiet examining room. These devices were also used to obtain 24 home BP readings during 6 days. Five AOBP readings were also recorded using the BpTRU device and all patients had 24-h ambulatory BP and manual BP readings taken. ResultsMean systolic AOBP was within 3–4 mmHg of the mean awake ambulatory BP for each of the three home BP recorders whether used in the office setting or at home. Diastolic readings tended to be higher than the corresponding awake ambulatory BP. For the 139 patients with hypertension, mean (±standard deviation) AOBP taken with the home BP devices (146±14/86±12) was higher (P<0.001) than the awake ambulatory BP (142±11/81±12) and AOBP taken with the BpTRU device (141±15/82±12). Systolic BP at home (142±14/85±10) was also similar to the awake ambulatory BP but diastolic BP was higher (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in correlation coefficients between each set of AOBP readings and awake ambulatory BP. ConclusionHome BP devices may be used to record AOBP in selected patients. However, a fully automated sphygmomanometer is still the device of choice for obtaining AOBP readings similar to the awake ambulatory BP in patients with suspected hypertension.
Sense the Words: The Impact of Discussion Board Postings on the Stock Market

Some empirical studies claim that postings in the stock message board have a small but significant correlation on stock return. We study the effect of 2.85 million postings of 58 representative listed firms in HS300 index in China. Instead of considering daily postings as a whole, we divide daily postings into five intervals according to text length. We find that the magnitude of correlation between postings and stock return varies by the number of words, i.e., short postings have positive correlations, more words are negative and longest postings have positive correlation again.
Analyzing Optimal Timing of Merger and Acquisition with Premium under Incomplete Information in a Real Options and Game Theoretic Framework

This paper examines the optimal threshold value of merger and acquisition with premium under incomplete information by real option and optimal stopping time.And with the numerical example it is concluded the quantity fluctuation of merger and acquisition premium presents a reverse with the upper and lower bound of threshold value.Based on the conclusion,it further analyzes the optimal strategy of merger and acquisition considering the competitor's premium under incomplete information.It concludes that the premium should be increased or decreased to the competitor's premium when the bidder is more competitive than the rival and if the bidder is less competitive its premium should be more than or equal to the premium of competitor.Moreover,this conclusion should take the upper threshold of bidder at least equal to the upper threshold which is determined by an expected premium of competitor as precondition.And the conclusions can guide practice directly.