Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TinyCache - An Effective Cache Admission Filter

Effective management policies for datastore caches should provide good hit-ratios on a large number of workloads, operate in constant time, and maintain a small amount of metadata. In certain workloads, cache stability is an important metric, as limiting the number of cache updates can improve power consumption, increase the life expectancy of flash memories, and conserve network bandwidth in distributed settings. This paper introduces TinyCache, a compact table based management policy for datastore caches. TinyCache achieves similar hit ratio compared to the leading alternatives while operating in worst case constant time and only accessing a fixed sized memory word for each update. TinyCache encodes its metadata in a memory optimal manner and reduces the number of cache updates by up to X6 compared to state of the art.
Individual Income, Incomplete Information and Aggregate Consumption

In this paper I study a model of life-cycle consumption in which individuals react optimally to their own income process but ignore economy wide information. Since individual income is less persistent than aggregate income consumers will react too little to aggregate income variation. Aggregate consumption will be excessively smooth. Since aggregate information is slowly incorporated into consumption, aggregate consumption will be autocorrelated and correlated with lagged income. The second part of the paper provides empirical evidence on individual and aggregate income processes and calibrates the model using the estimated parameters. The mode predictions roughly correspond to the empirical findings for aggregate consumption data. Allowing for the existence of measurement error in micro income, durables, finite lifetimes of consumers, and advance information improves the predictions of the model.
Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptotic induction by Euphorbia hirta in MCF-7 breast cancer cells

Abstract Context: Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) has been used as a folk remedy in Southeast Asia for the treatment of various ailments. Objective: The current study evaluates the cytotoxicity, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptotic induction by E. hirta in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Materials and methods: Cytotoxic activity of methanol extract of whole part of E. hirta was determined by the MTT assay at various concentrations ranging from 1.96 to 250.00 µg/mL in MCF-7 cells. Cell morphology was assessed by light and fluorescence microscopy. Apoptosis and cell-cycle distribution were determined by annexin V staining and flow cytometry. DNA fragmentation, caspase activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays were performed using the commercially available kits. To identify the cytotoxic fraction, E. hirta extract was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation. Results: Euphorbia hirta exhibited significant inhibition of the survival of MCF-7 cells and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values was 25.26 µg/mL at 24 h. Microscopic studies showed that E. hirta-treated cells exhibited marked morphological features characteristic of apoptosis. Euphorbia hirta extract also had an ignorable influence on the LDH leakage and generating intracellular ROS. The flow cytometry study confirmed that E. hirta extract induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Euphorbia hirta also resulted in DNA fragmentation in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, E. hirta treatment resulted in the accumulation of cells at the S and G2/M phases as well as apoptosis. The caspase activity study revealed that E. hirta extract induced apoptosis through the caspase-3-independent pathway by the activation of caspase-2, 6, 8, and 9. Euphorbia hirta hexane fraction, namely HFsub4 fraction, demonstrated highest activity among all the fractions tested with an IC50 value of 10.01 µg/mL at 24 h. Discussion and conclusion: This study revealed that E. hirta induced apoptotic cell death and suggests that E. hirta could be used as an apoptosis-inducing anticancer agent for breast cancer treatment with further detailed studies.
Inappropriate shocks due to subcutaneous air in a patient with a subcutaneous cardiac defibrillator.

A 56-year-old man with a history of ischemic cardiomyopathy and a transvenous implanted cardiac defibrillator (ICD) for secondary prevention presented with device endocarditis requiring ICD removal and lead extraction. After extended therapy with intravenous antibiotics and resolution of systemic infection, a subcutaneous implantable cardiac defibrillator (S-ICD; Cameron Health/Boston Scientific, San Clemente, CA) was electively implanted with standard technique.1 Specifically, 3 subcutaneous pockets were created, a subaxillary pocket for the generator and 2 parasternal pockets, to which the defibrillator coil was tunneled. After the coil and generator were positioned and sutured and after the fascial layer was closed, sustained ventricular fibrillation was induced. Detection was successful in the primary vector, which involves the pulse generator and proximal parasternal sensing electrode (Figure 1). Sinus rhythm was effectively restored with a submaximal 65-J polarity shock with time to therapy of 13 seconds and impedance of 55 Ω. Device interrogation the next day was unremarkable; the device, per its automatic programming, chose the secondary vector for detection (which involves the pulse generator and distal parasternal sensing electrode; Figure 1). The postoperative course was otherwise uneventful, and the patient was discharged the following day. Figure 1. Anteroposterior chest film after device implantation, with notations illustrating possible sensing vectors that can be programmed with the subcutaneous implantable …
Glomerular immune deposits are associated with increased proteinuria in patients with ANCA-associated crescentic nephritis.

BACKGROUND In small vessel vasculitis and its renal-limited form, idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis, renal damage is characterized by pauci-immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) without histological evidence of immunoglobulin (Ig) deposition. In some patients, however, significant amounts of immune deposits may be detected. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical significance of these immune deposits in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated pauci-immune CGN. METHODS Renal biopsies of 45 consecutive patients with new onset of Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis and idiopathic CGN were retrospectively evaluated by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy and the findings compared with renal function and outcome. RESULTS Typical pauci-immune CGN was found in 37 patients (group I). In eight patients (18%; group II), however, histopathological examination revealed substantial deposition of Ig in the mesangium and/or along the glomerular basement membrane. Five of these eight patients were cANCA positive; two initially had pANCA and developed a cANCA pattern and one was pANCA positive. There were no differences between groups in age, gender, renal function or extra-renal organ involvement at the time of biopsy. However, patients in group II had significantly more proteinuria (5.4+/-3.1 vs 1.3+/-1.0 g/24 h; P=0.016). We also observed a trend for a worse outcome with respect to renal function and mortality in group II patients; however, the differences did not reach significance. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that in ANCA-associated CGN a substantial percentage of patients have evidence of Ig deposition in renal biopsies. In this subgroup, Ig deposition was associated with a significantly greater degree of proteinuria. Further investigations are necessary to define the full clinical impact of immune-complex deposition on the clinical course of renal disease in pauci-immune CGN.
Efficacy and safety of cumaru syrup as complementary therapy in mild persistent asthma: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study

Amburana cearensis is a medicinal plant known as "cumaru". It is used in Northeast Brazil in the treatment of respiratory diseases. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, with the aim of evaluating the efficacy and safety of cumaru syrup as complementary therapy in mild persistent asthma. The study consisted of 3 phases, pre-treatment, treatment and post-treatment. The primary efficacy outcome was comparison of the changes reported by patients of the cumaru and placebo groups after treatment, using the "Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire" (AQLQ). The secondary outcome was the effect of cumaru syrup on lung function based on spirometry. The results showed that in the cumaru group, the proportion of patients who had global improvement in asthma symptoms was significantly greater (61.90%, P=0.0009) than in the placebo group (9.52%). Only the spirometric parameters Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) showed significant intergroup differences in post-treatment (P 0.05). Adverse events were reported by 3 patients (14.29%) in the cumaru group and 3 patients (14.29%) in the placebo group. All adverse events were considered non-serious and mild.
Diindolylmethane-mediated Gli1 Protein Suppression Induces Anoikis in Ovarian Cancer Cells in Vitro and Blocks Tumor Formation Ability in Vivo*

Background: Anoikis, a detachment-free cell death, and pathways involving anoikis are not well understood. Results: Diindolylmethane and cyclopamine induce anoikis in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting Gli1. Conclusion: Gli1 suppresses anoikis resistance and inhibits tumor formation ability of ovarian cancer cells. Significance: This is the first report demonstrating the role of Gli1 in anoikis. Gli1 inhibitors can be used clinically to inhibit metastasis. Anoikis is a cell death that occurs due to detachment of a cell from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Resistance to anoikis is a primary feature of a cell that undergoes metastasis. In this study for the first time, we demonstrated the potential role of Gli1 in anoikis resistance. Treatment of various ovarian cancer cells by different concentrations of diindolylmethane (DIM), an active ingredient of cruciferous vegetables, reduced the anoikis resistance in a concentration-dependent manner. Reduction in anoikis resistance was associated with a decrease in the expression of Gli1 and an increase in the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Sonic hedgehog (Shh) treatment not only increased the expression of Gli1, but also blocked anoikis induced by DIM and abrogated the change in the expression of Gli1 and cleaved PARP by DIM. To confirm the role of Gli1, hedgehog inhibitor cyclopamine, Gli1 siRNA and Gli1−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were used. Cyclopamine treatment alone significantly reduced anoikis resistance in A2780 and OVCAR-429 cells. Cyclopamine-mediated reduction in anoikis resistance was associated with reduced expression of Gli1 and induction of cleaved PARP. Shh treatment blocked cyclopamine-induced anoikis. Silencing Gli1 expression induced anoikis and cleavage of PARP in A2780 and OVCAR-429 cells. Furthermore, Gli1−/− MEFs were more sensitive to anoikis compared with Gli1+/+ MEFs. Our in vivo studies established that DIM- or cyclopamine-treated ovarian cancer cells under suspension culture conditions drastically lost their ability of tumor formation in vivo in mice. Taken together, our results establish that Gli1 is a critical player in anoikis resistance in ovarian cancer.
Pulmonary , gastrointestinal and urogenital pharmacology The novel b 3-adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron reduces carbachol-induced contractile activity in detrusor tissue from patients with bladder outflow obstruction with or without detrusor overactivity

b3-Adrenoceptors are major players in detrusor relaxation and have been suggested as a new putative target for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome. We determined the effects of mirabegron (YM178), a novel b3-adrenoceptor agonist, on carbachol-induced tone in isolated human detrusor preparations from patients with bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) with and without detrusor overactivity (DO), and from patients with normal bladder function. We compared the effects to those of isoprenaline, a non-selective b-adrenoceptor agonist. Detrusor specimens were obtained from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia undergoing cystoscopy and from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy/cystectomy (in total 33 donors). Detrusor contractility was evaluated by organ bath studies and strips were incubated with carbachol (1 mM) to induce and enhance tension. Both mirabegron and isoprenaline reduced carbachol-induced tone in tissues from all groups. Isoprenaline decreased tension with higher potency than mirabegron in normal, BOO and BOOþDO detrusor strips with pIC50 values of 7.4970. 16 vs. 6.2370. 26 (P1⁄40.0002), 6.8970. 34 vs. 6.0470. 31 (P1⁄40.01), and 6.5770. 20 vs. 5.4170. 08 (Po0.0001, n1⁄44), respectively. The maximal relaxant effect of isoprenaline and mirabegron in the normal, BOO and BOOþDO detrusor was 37.7714. 4% and 36.1723. 3%, 14.4712. 2% vs. 33.4721. 0% and 18.3710. 0% vs. 28.3712. 2% (n1⁄44, P40.05), respectively. Mirabegron and isoprenaline reduced carbachol-induced tone in both normal bladders and obstructed bladder with and without DO. Isoprenaline had higher potency than mirabegron, but the efficacy of mirabegron effect was the same as that of isoprenaline. & 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Mass cultivation of Giardia lamblia in a serum-free medium.

biotopes, especially along rivers, but not dense tropical forests. The African and Eurasian ranges of the two migrating species from which I. (I.) euplecti has been collected were mapped in the Bull. Wld. Hlth. Org. by Hoogstraal et al. (1961, 24: 197-212 for Oenanthe oenanthe; 1963, 28: 235-262 for Anthus trivialis). Many of these 15 birds species are abundant over wide areas of Africa. The few I. (I.) euplecti recorded reflect either the paucity of careful tickcollecting efforts in the humid habitats generally suitable for survival of species of the subgenus Ixodes or the limited ecological foci in which I. (I.) euplecti breeds in a wide geographical area of Africa.
Promoting Public Health Messages: Should We Move Beyond Fear-Evoking Appeals in Road Safety?

Road traffic injury is one of the most significant global public health issues of the 21st century. The extent to which negative, fear-evoking messages represent effective persuasive strategies remains a contentious public and empirical issue. Nevertheless, negative, fear-based appeals represent a frequently used approach in Australasian road safety advertising. The authors conducted a series of focus groups with 16 licensed drivers to explore the potential utility of appeals to emotions other than fear. More specifically, they sought to explore the utility of positive emotional appeals, such as those incorporating humor. The themes emerging from the qualitative analysis suggested that both emotion and the provision of strategies are key components contributing to the overall persuasiveness of a road safety advertisement. Overall, it appears there is support for researchers and health advertising practitioners to provide further attention to the role that positive emotional appeals might play in future campaigns.
Construction of a Gait Adaptation Model in Human Split-Belt Treadmill Walking Using a Two-Dimensional Biped Robot

A number of studies have measured kinematics, dynamics and oxygen uptake while a person walks on a treadmill. In particular, during walking on a split-belt treadmill, in which the left and right belts have different speeds, remarkable differences in kinematics are observed between normal subjects and subjects with cerebellar disease. In order to construct a gait adaptation model of such human split-belt treadmill walking, we proposed a simple control model and developed a new two-dimensional biped robot walk on a split-belt treadmill. We combined the conventional limit-cycle-based control consisting of joint PD control, cyclic motion trajectory planning and a stepping reflex with a newly proposed adjustment of P-gain at the hip joint of the stance leg. The data obtained in experiments on the robot (normal subject model and cerebellum disease subject model) have highly similar ratios and patterns to data obtained in experiments on normal subjects and subjects with cerebellar disease carried out by Bastian et al. We also showed that the P-gain at the hip joint of the stance leg was the control parameter of adaptation for symmetric gaits in split-belt walking and that P-gain adjustment corresponded to muscle stiffness adjustment by the cerebellum. Consequently, we successfully proposed a gait adaptation model for human split-belt treadmill walking, and confirmed the validity of our hypotheses and the proposed model using the biped robot.
On the Gromov-Prohorov distance

We survey some basic results on the Gromov-Prohorov distance between metric measure spaces. (We do not claim any new results.) We give several different definitions and show the equivalence of them. We also show that convergence in the Gromov-Prohorov distance is equivalent to convergence in distribution of the array of distances between finite sets of random points.
A Modified micro Genetic Algorithm for undertaking Multi-Objective Optimization Problems

In this paper, a Modified micro Genetic Algorithm MmGA is proposed for undertaking Multi-objective Optimization Problems MOPs. An NSGA-II inspired elitism strategy and a population initialization strategy are embedded into the traditional micro Genetic Algorithm mGA to form the proposed MmGA. The main aim of the MmGA is to improve its convergence rate towards the pareto optimal solutions. To evaluate the effectiveness of the MmGA, two experiments using the Kursawe test function in MOPs are conducted, and the results are compared with those from other approaches using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm indicator, i.e. the Generational Distance GD. The outcomes positively demonstrate that the MmGA is able to provide useful solutions with improved GD measures for tackling MOPs.
Outpatient Methadone Programme for Pregnant Heroin Using Women

Summary: A prospective study of pregnant narcotic users who attended the antenatal clinic at Westmead hospital was undertaken to determine the practicality and safety of an outpatient methadone programme for these women. Forty six women were commenced and managed on a methadone maintenance programme based at the Drug and Alcohol clinic at Westmead hospital (GROUP I), 12 women were maintained on long‐term methadone therapy by outside prescribers (GROUP II), 12 women not on methadone continued to use heroin through the pregnancy (GROUP III), 14 women used heroin intermittently (GROUP IV). These were compared with a group of 52 women who were non‐drug using (GROUP V). Women on the hospital based methadone programme had an earlier first antenatal clinic visit (p< 0.001) than those women on outside methadone programmes or on heroin and had a longer pregnancy (p< 0.001) than those women on heroin. The birth‐weights on babies delivered to women on the Westmead Methadone Programme were significantly higher than those on babies born to women using heroin (p<0.05). A disappointing aspect of the study was a lower number of antenatal clinic visits (p< 0.001) for all narcotic using women when compared with the comparison group. The outcome of the Westmead Methadone Programme women showed that better maternal and neonatal outcome followed entry into a hospital monitored methadone programme with attendant antenatal care.
Do subjective cognitive complaints correlate with cognitive impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus? A Danish outpatient study

This study examined the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its association with depressive symptoms and self-reported cognitive complaints in Danish outpatients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fifty-seven consecutive female SLE-outpatients were examined with a comprehensive neuropsychological test-battery, a 20-item self-administered Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ) and a self-rated depression scale (Major Depression Inventory). Twenty-two patients (38.5%) were classified as cognitively impaired, mostly with deficits in executive functions and attention. Among cognitively impaired patients only 18.2% had significantly higher PDQ scores than the normal range. PDQ scores were highly correlated to depressive symptoms (r = 0.67, p < 0.001). Only two neuropsychological tests were significantly correlated with subjective cognitive complaints. When these variables and self-rated depression score were entered into a regression model both depression score and Symbol Digit Modalities Test performances were significantly associated with the PDQ score. In conclusion, cognitive impairments were common in this group of (mild) SLE outpatients, but the level of significant subjective cognitive complaints was low even among patients with cognitive impairment. Affective status may influence subjective experience of cognitive functions even more than cognitive functioning itself, and absence of subjective cognitive complaints did not exclude the presence of cognitive impairments.
The haemolytic effect of various regimens of primaquine with chloroquine in American Negroes with G6PD deficiency and the lack of an effect of various antimalarial suppressive agents on erythrocyte metabolism.

In view of the fact that increased resistance to drugs by malaria parasites in some parts of the world may lead to increasing use of a combination of primaquine with chloroquine for chemotherapy, studies were made on the severity of the haemolytic anaemia induced by 45 mg primaquine in American Negroes with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. It was found that twice-weekly administration of primaquine induced more haemolysis than once-weekly administration, and that administration once weekly for 4 weeks and twice weekly thereafter resulted in a degree of anaemia falling between those produced by the other regimens. Anaemia was not induced in controls with no G6PD deficiency. One volunteer developed an intercurrent infection that was treated with salicylates; his haemolysis was markedly intensified, but whether by the infection, the salicylates or both could not be determined.In a conjoint study, the administration of six malaria-suppressive drugs had no detectable effect on the activities of several erythrocyte enzymes or on the levels of adenosine monophosphate, diphosphate or triphosphate.
Impact of three-dimensionality of femtocell deployments on aggregate interference estimation

Accurate estimation of aggregate interference is crucial for understanding the potential capacity gains from densification of cells. In this paper we study the impact of three-dimensionality of femtocell deployments on both cross-tier and co-tier aggregate interference using realistic building data and accurate propagation models. Our results show that the three-dimensional character of urban femtocell deployments can result in significantly higher interference effects compared to typically used two-dimensional evaluation scenarios. Further, we also show that heterogeneity in building heights plays an important role in the amount of aggregate interference, and should be considered more carefully when specifying standard topologies for interference studies.