Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Early Feed Restriction on the Occurrence of Compensatory Growth, Feed Conversion Efficiency, Leg Abnormality and Mortality in Unsexed Broiler Chickens Reared in Cages

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of early feed restriction on growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality in unsexed broiler chickens. In Experiment 1, 350 one-day-old broiler chickens were divided into 7 groups. Each treatment group was represented by five replicates of ten broilers each. One group was fed ad libitum as the control group and the other six groups were fed 25% ad libitum (25% multiplied by amount of feed intake of ad libitum chickens at the previous day) for 4 or 6 days, 50% ad libitum for 4 or 6 days, and 75% ad libitum for 4 or 6 days. In experiment 2, 500 broiler chickens were divided into 10 groups. Each treatment group was represented by five replicates of ten broilers each. One group was fed ad libitum as the control group. Three ages of feed restriction initial timing (2, 4 or 6 days of age) and three types of feed restriction (physical restriction, meal feeding and diet dilution) were used (3×3) in both experiments. They were feed-restricted for 6 days. Results showed that restricted broilers exhibited compensatory growth in both experiments except for diet dilution groups. In both experiments, FCR of restricted broilers was higher, whereas feed intake of them was lower during restriction period. FCR of restricted broilers was lower upon refeeding. Mortality was inconsistently affected by early feed restriction. Leg abnormality was lower in restricted broilers in both experiments. Level of feed restriction significantly influenced body weight, FCR and feed intake of restricted broilers (p<0.05), but duration of feed restriction had no effect. Type of restriction significantly affected body weight, feed intake and FCR (p<0.05). It appeared that to achieve the best result (complete compensatory growth and better FCR), broilers should be restricted at 25% ad libitum for 6 days (Experiment 1). Meal feeding started at 2 days of age would show the best performance (Experiment 2). (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2002. Vol 15, No. 9 : 1319-1325)
Surface Modification of Carbon Nano tubes with Nystatin for Drug Delivery Applications

The present study is an approach to describe the increased antifungal efficacy of Nystatin by conjugation with functionalized multi-walled carbon nano tubes. Functionalized Multi-walled carbon nano tubes are acts as nano vectors for the delivery of therapeutic molecules by conjugation. Structural properties of carbon nano tubes have emerged as a new alternative and efficient tool for transporting and translocating therapeutic molecules to target moieties. Carbon nano tubes are easily cross cell membranes delivered drug molecules into fungal cells. Nystatin, most effective antibiotic in the treatment of fungal infections. Carbon nano tubes oxidized using strong acids (3:1 Ratio of Concentrated Sulphuric and Nitric acid), resulting in the reduction of their length while generating carboxylic groups, which increase their dispersibility in aqueous solutions. Oxidised CNTs are then functionalized by direct coupling of Ethylene-diamine with carboxylic groups cited at external walls to introduced amino group via amide formation. Nystatin, most effective antibiotic is conjugated with CNTs via two step process of diamide-activated amidation. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT/IR), UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), & Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) measurements clearly confirmed the functionalization & conjugation steps.
Perceived Barriers to Entry into Self- employment in Khayelitsha, South Africa: Crime, Risk, and Start-up Capital Dominate Profit Concerns

In South Africa, the broad unemployment rate for Africans has remained near or above forty percent for most of the last ten years. One critical reason is the relatively low level of employment in small-scale entrepreneurial work. This paper explores the factors that constrain individuals from engaging in selfemployment activities in a large township in Cape Town. Crime is perceived to be the dominant hindrance to entering the micro-enterprise sector. A number of other hindrances, including capital constraints, transportation costs, and community jealousy, are on par or surpass concerns over profitability or government regulation. These findings are robust to a series of alternative ranking scheme.
Optimised design of permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor series using combined analytical–finite element analysis based approach

This paper presents a comprehensive approach to design of series of permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motors using combined analytical and finite element calculations. A global optimisation metaheuristic algorithm (differential evolution) is utilised in order to achieve optimal design in terms of maximum torque per volume with numerous specific boundaries imposed on motor geometry and performance. A novel approach to the calculation of the specified constant power speed range and demagnetisation effect in sudden symmetrical short circuit using iterative finite element magnetostatic simulations is presented. Based on the results of optimised design, a 100 kW prototype was built and tested.
College Choice, Abilities and Lifetime Earnings: a Local IV Approach with Swedish Registry Data

A vast amount of research has been devoted to estimating the return to education. Recent work has however clarified that if returns both vary across people and influence their schooling decisions, standard methods typically fail to identify relevant treatment effect parameters. In this paper, I use Swedish registry data to estimate lifetime returns to college and to what extent they vary with respect to observed and unobserved characteristics. The data set includes nearly complete measures of lifetime earnings and high-quality ability measures, which allow me to examine how returns vary with respect to cognitive and noncognitive ability. I implement the local instrumental variables (LIV) procedure (Heckman and Vytlacil, 1999, 2001, 2005) to recover marginal and average treatment effects in the presence of self selection on idiosyncratic gains using the distance to nearest university and local labor market conditions in late adolescence as conditionally exogenous shifters of the selection probability. The large data set allows me to implement the method with more flexibility than in previous studies. My findings lend support to the notion of self selection, but mainly on observed characteristics. In particular, I find that returns vary substantially with respect to both cognitive and noncognitive ability.
Moderating Effects of Human Resource Management Practices and Entrepreneur Training on Innovation and Small-Medium Firm Performance

A large number of studies on innovation can be found in the literature, yet until recently, research on the moderating effects of HRM practices and entrepreneur training on the relationship between innovation and firm performance are nonexistent. This study attempts to address the questions of how HRM practices and entrepreneur training interact with innovation, which then affect SMF performance. Two hundred eighty-four samples were obtained from SMFs in Malaysia. This study found that the employee and employer training interacted with innovation and significantly influenced SMF performance. Theoretically, greater performance of SMFs is not merely explained by how much they put their effort in innovation, but also how much they invest in employee and employer training. This also reminds the SMFs that innovation and training of both employee and entrepreneur must go hand in hand, so that their performance could be enhanced.
Oral health Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among a sample of Kurdish people inSulaimani governorate

Objective:This study was carried out to assess the oral hygiene knowledge, behaviour and attitude among a sample of Kurdish people in Sulaimani governorate. Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out among the patients visiting the Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani.A total of 500 patients were selected using random sampling technique. A self-constructed questionnaire including 16 multiple choice questions was presented to them. The data analyzed using Responses SPSS statistical software. Results:Among the participants, 30.8%brushed their teeth at least twice dailywhile 26.2% seldom or not brushed their teeth, from these about 24.42% of subjects regarded it as too much bother or had no time for tooth brushing. About 56% agree that used of fluoride prevent tooth decay; only 15.4% performed recommended methods of tooth brushing.44% of participants preferred to used soft toothbrush and 66.74% changed their toothbrush during 4-6 months. The difference between males and females for changed their toothbrush statistically significant (P= 0.000142). A total of 19% used dental floss and 67.4% used mouthwash and the difference between males and females for using mouthwash was statistically significant (P=0.001996). 44.8% visited dentist 3 times or morewhile 22.4% never visited dentist in their lifetime. A dentalvisit within the previous 1-2 years ago was reported by 39.17% of all participants and 9.79% had adental check-up during lifetime. Only 9.2% of the subjects would visit a dentistif they experienced bleeding from gingiva; about 13.6% of the subjects visited dentist for filling if had signs of caries and 19.6% did not paid attention if there was no pain and the difference between males and females was statistically significant (P= 0.000218). Only 43.36% of participants knew that good oral health had effect on general health. Conclusions:Knowledge of studied subjects about oral hygiene was limited. Oral health promotion programs are needed to improve oral health knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of the population.
Sustainability of Government Debt in the EMU

This unique and fascinating book illustrates that the ‘credit crunch’ and the ensuing financial and economic crisis of 2007–2009 did not only strike hard at the economy in the Western world, but also at its policymakers, at economics as a scientific discipline and, more specifically, at the process of European integration itself.
Vitamin D status in patients with psoriasis

Introduction : Vitamin D may act as immune modulator in psoriasis and be related with disease characteristics. Our study aimed to evaluate the vitamin D status in patients admitted for diagnostics or exacerbation of psoriasis. Material and methods : 92 patients (50 male, 42 female, mean age 55 years) were included in analysis. Disease severity was assessed by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Type of disease was classified according to age at presentation as early (up to 40 years) and late (above 40 years). Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D, were tested with immune fluorescent method (ADVIA Centaur Vitamin D Total, Siemens). Results : The mean level of 25(OH)D in psoriatic patients was 12.07 ng/ml (30.18 nmol/l), found at low limit of insufficiency; related 95% CI range was 10.55 – 13.60 ng/ml (26.38 – 33.99 nmol/l). A total of 45 of 92 patients (48.9%) had vitamin D insufficiency (defined as 25 (OH) D level of 10 to 30 ng/ml), 44 patients (47.82%) had deficiency (< 10 ng/ml) and only in 3 patients 25(OH)D was assessed at level of sufficiency. Vitamin D level correlate with PASI (r=-0.508), but does not correlate with C-reactive protein. No significant difference in vitamin D status was observed in patients with obesity and early type 1 psoriasis. Conclusion : High prevalence (47.83%) of vitamin D deficiency in patients with moderate and severe psoriasis suspects the role of vitamin D in pathogenesis of disease exacerbation. Vitamin D therapeutic supplementation needs to be clarified by further studies.
Seedling Growth Pattern of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) as Influenced by Different Seed Scarification Treatments

Plant growth studies involve seed germination studies and this depends on seed viability and dormancy aspects, besides essential require-ments and factors for the same. Of the various factors involved in seed germination, dormancy plays a significant role. In guava, seed dormancy is more of physical nature (due to hard seed coat) than being physiological. An experiment was conducted from March-November, 2015 at the experimental orchard of the Department of Horticulture, CCSHAU, Hisar to study effect of different scarification treatments on guava seed germination and their effect on subsequent seedling growth. Three scarification methods were used i.e. water soaking (for 24, 48 and 72 hrs), hot water soaking (at 70, 80, 90 and 100°C) and sulphuric acid soaking (at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% dilution). Duration for hot water soaking and sulphuric acid soaking was kept as quick dip (5 seconds), 1 minute and 3 minutes. All these treatments significantly decreased days to emergence of seedling over control. Among the various scarification methods and durations used, treatment of guava seeds with 20%sulphuric acid for 3 minutes was judged best with maximum germination per cent (51.7%), Quick dip of guava seeds in 30%sulphuric acid resulted in better seedling growth with a maximum seedling height (42 cm) while maximum fresh weight of shoot (22.6 g) and maximum dry weight of shoot (8.81 g) was recorded in seedlings which were subjected to scarification treatment with quick dip at 90°C.
Gender and Academic Careers in Portuguese and Turkish Higher Education Institutions Yükseköğretim Kurumlarinda Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Akademik Kariyer: Portekiz ve Türkiye İçin Kültürlerarasi Karşilaştirmali Bir Araştirma

A major paradox has developed in higher education institutions. Although participation rate of female undergraduates has increased significantly, the participation of women in academia has not increased by the same proportion. Moreover, women experience several challenges. This research examines the participation of academic women in higher education (HE) in Portugal and Turkey. Education statistics for these countries show that women continue to lag behind men in academia specifically in science, mathematics, and engineering. Also, education stereotyping continues; with women relegated to so-called women’s disciplines and programs in engineering, physics, and the so-called hard sciences continue to be dominated by men. This paper examines the gender effect on academic career development and the main differences in male and female academic careers to determine the real impact of gender on the development of academic careers.
Effect of farmyard manure and elemental sulfur on the growth and chemical characteristics of Jatropha curcas L. tree grown in Calcareous soil.

Expansion of biofuel cultivation and production has become an urgent issue in the case of depending on disposed sewage secondary treated water in irrigation, so it was necessary to focus on the soil management before planting to maximize plant growth and access to production quickly is needed. Therefore, this study was carried out on a loamy sandy soil at Suez Governorate on Jatropha curcas trees planted three years ago. Two types of amendments were applied regarding to organic and inorganic; farm yard manure, FYM (5 and 10 ton/fed.) and elemental sulfur (0.15 and 0.30 ton/fed) in addition to the untreated soil (control). This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of organic and inorganic amendments on some growth characters and chemical constituents of Jatropha curcas plants. The results revealed that the Jatropha trees received 10 ton/fed FYM gave greatest values of most of the characters over the other treatment (5 ton/fed). These characters were plant height, total hull weight, flower diameter and (N, P and K %). The effects of both doses were nearly equal on total seed weight, total hull length and total hull diameter. Moreover, the effect of sulfur treatments on Jatropha tree was superior at 0.30 ton/fed overcome the control on total seed weight, total hull weight, flower diameter, oil and K contents. The Jatropha trees received FYM exhibited increment values in most studied characters more than those with Sulfur as on plant height, total seed weight, total hull weight, hull diameter, seed index, N and P contents. The comparison among the impact of the studied amendments on the main economical Jatropha plant characters revealed that FYM was superior in case of seed index, and content of N and P in leaves. Whereas sulfur had a promotive effect on the leaf K and oil content in seeds.
The Effects of Planting Systems and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Combined Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Eastern Ethiopia.

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 2003 and 2004 in Eastern Ethiopia to assess the effects of planting systems and nitrogen and phosphorus combined fertilizer on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) and also to investigate the interaction effect of tie-ridge and NP combined fertilizer on yield. Yield and other related parameters studied were affected by planting systems and showed an increment in tie-ridge planting system as compared with flat bed, and it was concluded that the tie-ridge might have conserved larger amount of soil moisture ans this resulted in higher seed yield. NP combined fertilizer had a significant effect on yield and other parameters, among the combined NP fertilizers in this study, 41-46 kg N-P 2O5/ha gave the highest yield, though it was statistically at par with 64-46 kg N-P 2O5/ha. Variety had also a significant effect on yield and other parameters, and Melkassa I variety performed better than the local variety. Interaction between planting systems and NP combined fertilizer was significant for yield, indicating that there is a need to determine planting system for NP combined. N1P1 and N2P1 gave better result in tie-ridge planting system.
Magnetically-regulated fragmentation of a massive, dense and turbulent clump

Massive stars, multiple stellar systems and clusters are born from the gravitational collapse of massive dense gaseous clumps, and the way these systems form strongly depends on how the parent clump fragments into cores during collapse. Numerical simulations show that magnetic fields may be the key ingredient in regulating fragmentation. Here we present ALMA observations at ~0.25'' resolution of the thermal dust continuum emission at ~278 GHz towards a turbulent, dense, and massive clump, IRAS 16061-5048c1, in a very early evolutionary stage. The ALMA image shows that the clump has fragmented into many cores along a filamentary structure. We find that the number, the total mass and the spatial distribution of the fragments are consistent with fragmentation dominated by a strong magnetic field. Our observations support the theoretical prediction that the magnetic field plays a dominant role in the fragmentation process of massive turbulent clump.
Macronutrient optimization and energy maximization determine diets of brown bears

Abstract Many animals consume mixed diets that maximize their fitness by optimizing macronutrient intake. We tested whether brown bears (Ursus arctos), generalist omnivores that hibernate, regulated their diet to a common nutrient target, achieved a nutrient target related to fitness, and selected a nutrient target that differed between seasons and from other species with differing life histories. When given unlimited access to 2 or 3 highly digestible foods containing primarily protein, carbohydrate, or lipid, brown bears selected mixed diets in which protein provided 17% ± 4% SD of the metabolizable energy and 22% ± 6% of the dry matter. This dietary protein content maximized the rate of gain per unit of energy consumed, is similar to the level preferred by other omnivores, and is less than that preferred by obligate carnivores. Between seasons, bears selected similar dietary protein levels, although the proportion of lipid was higher during the fall than during the spring. Bears strongly preferred lipids over carbohydrates, as did other carnivores, but they used lipids and carbohydrates with equal efficiency to produce a dietary protein content that maximized mass gain per unit of energy intake. Thus, dietary sources of lipids and carbohydrates play an interchangeable and important role in determining the productivity of bears that goes beyond their role in providing energy.
Length-weight relationship and condition factor of female skinnycheek lanternfish, Benthosema pterotum (Alcock, 1890), in the Makran Sea (Teleostei: Myctophidae)

Length-weight relationship ( TL-BW ) and condition factors of 654 female skinnycheek lanternfish, Benthosema pterotum , were evaluated in the Iranian shelf region of Makran (Oman) Sea from April 2013 through March 2014. Prediction of growth pattern was done using a log-transferred of the power function. Analyzing the coefficient b , demonstrated negative allometric growth in juveniles and isometric in adults. The TL-BW relationships obtained were BW= 0.0173TL 2.396 and BW=0.0074TL 2.933 for juveniles and adults and BW=0.0164TL 2.429 for all. The lowest adult condition factor was recorded in summer with an ascending towards spring with the highest value in this season. This value increased from spring to winter in juveniles with the highest value in winter. This trend in juveniles maybe results as better feeding condition in winter, while in adults, it could be affected by the reproductive condition.
Studies on Planting Density in Banana cv. 'Jahaji' (AAA)

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of high density planting of banana cv. ‘Jahaji’ at experimental field, Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during the year 2003-04. The treatments comprised of T1 = 2 suckers per pit (2m x 3m), T2 = 3 suckers per pit (2m x 3m), T3 = 2 suckers per pit (1.8m x 3.6m), T4 = 3 suckers per pit (1.8m x 3.6m) and T5 = 1 sucker per pit (1.5m x 1.5m) accommodating plant population of 3334, 5001, 3084, 4626 and 4444 plants per hectare, respectively. Most of the growth, yield and quality parameters were significantly influenced by plant densities. Considering the growth, yield and yield attributing characters, quality traits and economy of cultivation of banana cv. ‘Jahaji’ (AAA), the treatment T2 i.e. 3 suckers per pit (2m x3m) as plant crop was found to be most suitable for agroclimatic condition of Assam.
Chief Executive Officer Turnovers and the Performance of China's Listed Enterprises

This study examines the relation between chief executive officer (CEO) turnovers and performance in China's listed enterprises where controlling shareholders are state-owned entities. We obtain three results. First, we offer evidence that the likelihood of forced CEO turnover is related to the incidence of negative earnings but not to industry-adjusted return on asset. Second, we document some improvement in accounting performance following CEO turnover, but the extent of the improvement is smaller and less significant than what has been documented for U.S. and Japanese enterprises. Third, we show that there is no significant relation between CEO turnovers and stock price performance.