Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coupled Decadal Variability in the North Pacific: An Observationally Constrained Idealized Model*

Abstract Air–sea coupled variability is investigated in this study by focusing on the observed sea surface temperature signals in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region of 32°–38°N and 142°E–180°. In this region, both the oceanic circulation variability and the heat exchange variability across the air–sea interface are the largest in the midlatitude North Pacific. SST variability in the KE region has a dominant time scale of ∼10 yr and this decadal variation is caused largely by the regional, wind-induced sea surface height changes that represent the lateral migration and strengthening/weakening of the KE jet. The importance of the air–sea coupling in influencing KE jet is explored by dividing the large-scale wind forcing into those associated with the intrinsic atmospheric variability and those induced by the SST changes in the KE region. The latter signals are extracted from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data using the lagged correlation analysis. In the absence of the SST feedback, the intrinsic atmospheric for.
A Review on Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Gastroprotective Abilities of Mango (Magnifera indica) Leaf Extract and Mangiferin

Citation: Stohs SJ, Swaroop A, Moriyama H, Bagchi M, Ahmad T, et al. (2018) A Review on Antioxidant, AntiInflammatory and Gastroprotective Abilities of Mango (Magnifera indica) Leaf Extract and Mangiferin. J Nutr Health Sci 5(3): 303. doi: 10.15744/2393-9060.5. 303 Volume 5 | Issue 3 Journal of Nutrition and Health Sciences
Assessing naturally acquired immune response and malaria treatment outcomes in Lagos, Nigeria

Background : There are emerging reports of poor efficacy of artemisinin-based combination treatment (ACT). However, mutations on the Kelch-13 gene marking delayed parasite clearance have no clinically defined relationship with ACT resistance across Africa. With increasing malaria control efforts, declining acquired immunity could be responsible for varying drug response profiles that may be dependent on levels of exposure to infections. To examine antibody responses against malaria and the influence on the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine (AL), plasma samples were collected, prior to treatment, from individuals presenting with uncomplicated malaria. Methods : Participants were stratified into two groups: early (within 24 hours, N = 20) and late (between 48 – 72 hours, N = 30) parasite clearance after treatment, as determined by var gene acidic terminal sequence ( var ATS) polymerase chain reaction. Magnetic bead-based luminex assay was used to profile antibody responses specific to a panel of 21 Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite, merozoite and An. gambiae salivary antigens. Results: Median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the antibodies was highest against glutamate-rich protein (GLURP-R0) and lowest against merozoite surface protein (MSP2) antigen. Analysis showed a positive correlation between expression of immunity and age of individuals (P = 0.023). However, there was no association between parasite density and antibody responses, except a significant positive relationship with reticulocyte binding protein-like homologue 5 (Rh5), P = 0.047; Plasmodium exported protein (Hyp2), P = 0.037 and merozoite surface protein 11 (H103), P = 0.038. Though higher levels of antibodies against erythrocyte binding antigens (EBA 140 and 175), MSP1.19, GLURP, circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and Rh4.2 were observed in individuals who recorded early parasite clearance, there was no significant difference in antibody responses in the early and late parasitological response groups. Conclusions: Characterization of additional markers in larger populations is required to reveal potential immunological correlates of drug efficacy.
Glutamate and GABA Systems in the Pathophysiology of Major Depression and Antidepressant Response to Ketamine

In patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD), abnormalities in excitatory and/or inhibitory neurotransmission and neuronal plasticity may lead to aberrant functional connectivity patterns within large brain networks. Network dysfunction in association with altered brain levels of glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been identified in both animal and human studies of depression. In addition, evidence of an antidepressant response to subanesthetic dose ketamine has led to a collection of studies that have examined neurochemical (e.g. glutamatergic and GABA-ergic) and functional imaging correlates associated with such an effect. Results from these studies suggest that an antidepressant response in association with ketamine occurs, in part, by reversing these neurochemical/physiological disturbances. Future studies in depression will require a combination of neuroimaging approaches from which more biologically homogeneous subgroups can be identified, particularly with respect to treatment response biomarkers of glutamatergic modulation.
Learning within-session budgets from browsing trajectories

Building price- and budget-aware recommender systems is critical in settings where one wishes to produce recommendations that balance users' preferences (what they like) with a model of purchase likelihood (what they will buy). A trivial solution consists of learning global budget terms for each user based on their past expenditure. To more accurately model user budgets, we also consider a user's within-session budget, which may deviate from their global budget depending on their shopping context. In this paper, we find that users implicitly reveal their session-specific budgets through the sequence of items they browse within that session. Specifically, we find that some users "browse down," by purchasing the cheapest item among alternatives under consideration, others "browse up" (selecting the most expensive), and others ultimately purchase items around the middle. Surprisingly, this mixture of behaviors is difficult to observe globally, as individual users tend to belong firmly to one of the three segments. To model this behavior, we develop an interpretable budget model that combines a clustering component to detect different user segments, with a model of segment-specific purchase profiles. We apply our model on a dataset of browsing and purchasing sessions from Etsy, a large e-commerce website focused on handmade and vintage goods, where it outperforms strong baselines and existing production systems.
ENHANCING HEATH THROUGH FOOD WSR TO IMMUNITY - A REVIEW

The immune system plays a crucial role in the body's ability to fight infection and reduce the risk of developing autoimmune and degenerative disorders. On the global scale it has been accepted that malnutrition, in its both forms under nutrition and over nutrition contributes to higher mortality and morbidity. Ayurveda, the ancient wisdom recommends various food items and behaviours for physical and mental well being. This work aims to reveals the hidden secrets of Ayurveda dietetics and immunity through comprehensive review of available literature. Taking leads from Ayurveda the effects of different food products with specific nutrient on immune response is discussed to give the clinical insight into the age old doctrines of Ayurveda related to diet for promoting and preserving health. This review has profound clinical and public health implication. This will boost the idea of nutritional manipulation of immune system as an innovative powerful tool to reduce illness and death caused by different communicable and non communicable disease.
Intergroup trust and anxiety: The two sides of stigma towards people with Down syndrome

People with Down syndrome experience a type of ambivalent stigmatisation, which combines stereotypes, emotional reactions, and both positive and negative attitudes. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between ambivalent attitudes towards people with Down syndrome, and the levels of intergroup trust and anxiety felt towards them. A total of 144 university students completed a questionnaire on their social perception of people with Down syndrome, indicating the extent to which they anticipate an interaction with this group based on trust or anxiety. The results show that responses to people with Down syndrome are ambivalent. Moreover, while intergroup trust is preceded by high levels of admiration and competence, intergroup anxiety is associated with high levels of aversion, compassion and low admiration. We discuss the implications of these results, taking into account how to enhance the social perception of people with Down syndrome, as well as the complex role of compassion in the assessment of stigmatised groups.
Spatial and temporal variability in the concentration and speciation of metals in suspended sediment transported by the River Aire, Yorkshire, UK

In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the important role of fine sediment in the transport and storage of metals in fluvial systems. However, there has been little research on the behaviour of contaminated sediment in industrial rivers in the UK. This paper examines spatial and temporal variations in the concentration and speciation of lead, copper and chromium associated with suspended sediment in the River Aire in Yorkshire, UK. An increase in the total concentration of all three metals in sediment was identified in the lower reaches, which reflected inputs of road dust, sewage and industrial effluents. Spatial variations in the chemical speciation of the metals were also identified. The iron–manganese oxides and organic fractions were the most significant for the adsorption of metals by sediment. Both the concentrations and speciation of sediment‐associated metals exhibited substantial temporal variation. Such variation reflected the accumulation of metals and organic matter on the river‐bed during low flows, the subsequent remobilization of the sediment at high flows and the additional supply of sediment from uncontaminated and contaminated sources, including pulse inputs of road dust, sewage and industrial effluent. The findings presented have important implications for the development of effective catchment management strategies for the control of point‐ and diffuse‐source pollution. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
USING FRACTION IMAGES DERIVED FROM MODIS DATA FOR COFFEE CROP MAPPING

Coffee production was closely linked to the economic development of Brazil and, even today, coffee is an important product of the national agriculture. The State of Minas Gerais currently accounts for 52% of the whole coffee area in Brazil. Remote sensing data can provide information for monitoring and mapping of coffee crops, faster and cheaper than conventional methods. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of coffee crop mapping in Monte Santo de Minas municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, from fraction images derived from MODIS data, in both dry and rainy seasons. The Spectral Linear Mixing Model was used to derive fraction images of soil, coffee, and water/shade. These fraction images served as input data for the supervised automatic classification using the SVM – Support Vector Machine approach. The best results concerning Overall Accuracy and Kappa Index were obtained in the classification of the dry season, with 67% and 0.41, respectively.
Interpretable Video Captioning via Trajectory Structured Localization

Automatically describing open-domain videos with natural language are attracting increasing interest in the field of artificial intelligence. Most existing methods simply borrow ideas from image captioning and obtain a compact video representation from an ensemble of global image feature before feeding to an RNN decoder which outputs a sentence of variable length. However, it is not only arduous for the generator to focus on specific salient objects at different time given the global video representation, it is more formidable to capture the fine-grained motion information and the relation between moving instances for more subtle linguistic descriptions. In this paper, we propose a Trajectory Structured Attentional Encoder-Decoder (TSA-ED) neural network framework for more elaborate video captioning which works by integrating local spatial-temporal representation at trajectory level through structured attention mechanism. Our proposed method is based on a LSTM-based encoder-decoder framework, which incorporates an attention modeling scheme to adaptively learn the correlation between sentence structure and the moving objects in videos, and consequently generates more accurate and meticulous statement description in the decoding stage. Experimental results demonstrate that the feature representation and structured attention mechanism based on the trajectory cluster can efficiently obtain the local motion information in the video to help generate a more fine-grained video description, and achieve the state-of-the-art performance on the well-known Charades and MSVD datasets.
Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoids contents of three herbs used as condiments and additives in pickles products

Abstract Heracleum lasiopetalum Boiss, Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. , and Echinophora platyloba DC. belong the Apiaceae family. They are Iranian endemic plants. These three herbs have been used as food additives in traditional preparations such as pickles. Antioxidant activity (AA) of methanol extracts (ME) of the plants was evaluated by three assays, including DPPH, FRAP, and TEAC. From all three assays, comparing all the MEs for their IC50 and EC1 values, E. platyloba had the highest AA. Total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts ranged from 74 to 120 mg TAE/g. The extract of H. lasiopetalum exhibited the highest TPC. The flavonoids content (FC) of the extracts ranged from 7.63 to 14.52 mg RE/g, from which the extract of E. platyloba had the highest flavonoids concentration. A positive correlation between the FC and AA in DPPH assay was found. A significant correlation was also found between the TPC and AA in FRAP assay. These results suggested that the level of AA in these plants varied in a great extent. Our results indicated that extract of E. platyloba could be an important dietary source of flavonoids compounds with high antioxidant capacity. In addition, E. platyloba can be used as an alternative preservative and natural flavor instead of synthetic ones in food industry (especially pickles) Streszczenie Heracleum lasiopetalum Boiss. , Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. i Echinophora platyloba DC. należą do rodziny Apiaceae. Są to irańskie rośliny endemiczne. Tych trzech ziół używa się jako dodatków do tradycyjnych produktów, takich jak marynaty. Działanie przeciwutleniające wyciągu metanolowego z tych roślin zostało zbadane trzema metodami: DPPH, FRAP i TEAC. Z trzech badań, podczas których porównano wartości IC50 i EC1 dla wyciągów metanolowych, największe działanie przeciwutleniające wykazano dla E. platyloba. Całkowita zawartość związków fenolowych (TPC) w ekstraktach wynosiła od 74 do 120 mg TAE/g. Największą zawartość TPC wykazano dla wyciągu z H. lasiopetalum. Zawartość flawonoidów (FC) w wyciągach wynosiła od 7.63 do 14.52 mg RE/g; największe stężenie flawonoidów odnotowano dla wyciągu z E. platyloba. W teście DPPH znaleziono dodatnią korelację pomiędzy zawartością flawonoidów a aktywnością antyoksydacyjną. W teście FRAP znaleziono istotną korelację między całkowitą zawartością związków fenolowych a aktywnością antyoksydacyjną. Te wyniki sugerują, że aktywność antyoksydacyjna w tych roślinach bardzo się różni. Nasze wyniki pokazały, że wyciąg z E. platyloba może być ważnym źródłem flawonoidów w diecie, działających silnie przeciwutleniająco. Co więcej, E. platyloba można stosować jako alternatywny, naturalny dodatek smakowy i konserwujący, zamiast dodatków syntetycznych (szczególnie w marynatach)
The Kuroshio Extension System : Its Large-Scale Variability and Role in the Midlatitude Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction

The Kuroshio Extension and its recirculation gyre form an interconnected dynamic system. The system is located at a crossroads where the meso-scale and large-scale oceanic variability are highest, and where the ocean-atmosphere interaction is most active in the Pacific Ocean outside of the tropics. Following a brief review of the mean flow and meso-scale eddy variability, this study describes in detail the largescale structural change (an oscillation between an elongated and a contracted state) observed in the Kuroshio Extension system. Causes for this structural change are explored next, and it is argued that the basin-wide external wind forcing and the nonlinear dynamics associated with the inertial recirculation gyre are both important factors. Data analysis results are reviewed and presented, emphasizing that the surface Kuroshio Extension is not simply a well-mixed layer passively responding to heat flux anomalies imposed by the atmosphere. It is argued that large-scale changes in the Kuroshio Extension system influence the surface ocean heat balance and generate wintertime sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies through both horizontal geostrophic heat advection and re-emergence to the surface mixed layer of sequestered mode water temperature anomalies.
Reduced Complexity Decoding of Polar Codes with Reed-Solomon Kernel

We propose to reduce the decoding complexity of polar codes with Reed-Solomon kernels by exploiting its algebraic similarity with Arikan kernel, and employing the stack algorithm for computing the probabilities of kernel input symbols. Simulation results show that polar codes with $8\times 8$ Reed-Solomon kernel under SC decoding provide performance comparable to Arikan polar codes with CRC under list SC decoding.
An empirical understanding of triple collocation evaluation measure

Triple collocation method is an advanced evaluation method that has been used in the soil moisture field for only about half a decade. The method requires three datasets with an independent error structure that represent an identical phenomenon. The main advantages of the method are that it a) doesn’t require a reference dataset that has to be considered to represent the truth, b) limits the effect of random and systematic errors of other two datasets, and c) simultaneously assesses the error of three datasets.
REAL-TIME SPECTROGRAM INVERSION USING PHASE GRADIENT HEAP INTEGRATION

The knowledge of the phase of STFT is a prerequisite for a successful signal reconstruction. However, the phase might be lost or no longer applicable depending on the kind of processing involved. We propose a real-time spectrogram inversion algorithm based on the relationship of the gradients of the phase and the logarithm of the magnitude and on the gradient integration theorem. We present a detailed comparison with the state-of-the-art phase reconstruction algorithms.
Simulating high-latitude permafrost regions by the JSBACH terrestrial ecosystem model

The current version of JSBACH incorporates phenomena specific to high latitudes: freeze/thaw processes, coupling thermal and hydrological processes in a layered soil scheme, defining a multilayer snow representation and an insulating moss cover. Evaluations using comprehensive Arctic data sets show comparable results at the site, basin, continental and circumarctic scales. Such comparisons highlight the need to include processes relevant to high-latitude systems in order to capture the dynamics, and therefore realistically predict the evolution of this climatically critical biome.
Quality of life in patients treated with methadone: The WHOQOL-BREF, psychometric study and application results

The most commonly instrument used to measure quality of life in patients with addictive behaviors is the WHOQOL-BREF, developed by the World Health Organization. No studies have been found to explore the psychometric properties in Spanish clinical samples. This paper aims to study their reliability as well as the construct validity in a representative sample of patients and comparing the results to the data available for the general population in Spain. A sample was recruited comprised of 523 subjects who were undergoing treatment with methadone in Madrid and Extremadura. A confirmatory factor analysis was completed to test the theoretically proposed structure and then an optimized-parallel analysis was done to establish the most adequate number of components. The result offers solid values for internal consistency both as concerns the items and the scales. The theoretical tetra-dimensional structure is confirmed in the sample although serious arguments are also found for considering its one-dimensionality. The structural relationship between the four domains was studied. The WHOQOL-BREF proves to be a reliable and valid test for use on patients treated with methadone, providing a multi-dimensional measure of perceived quality of life that includes social and environmental factors of great importance in treating addiction problems.
Lack of conservation effort rapidly increases African great ape extinction risk

A network of resource management areas (RMAs) exists across tropical Africa to protect natural resources. However, many are poorly managed and weakly protected. We evaluated how the lack of conservation effort influences the extinction risk of African great apes. We compiled information on presence/absence of primary (law enforcement guards) and secondary (tourism, research) conservation activities and nongovernmental conservation organizations (NGOs) support for 109 RMAs over the last 20 years. Along with these data, we collected environmental and anthropogenic variables, including recent records of ape presence/absence for all RMAs. As expected, law enforcement as a primary activity was the best predictor of ape survival rather than tourism or research as secondary activities. Furthermore, long‐term NGO support had a significant positive influence on ape persistence. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of evaluating the relative importance of different conservation activities, an important step towards more evidence‐based approaches in ape conservation.
Quantitative mapping of global land degradation using Earth observations

Land degradation is a global issue on par with climate change and loss of biodiversity, but its extent and severity are only roughly known and there is little detail on the immediate processes – let alone the drivers. Earth-observation methods enable monitoring of land degradation in a consistent, physical way and on a global scale by making use of vegetation productivity and/or loss as proxies. Most recent studies indicate a general greening trend, but improved data sets and analysis also show a combination of greening and browning trends. Statistically based linear trends average out these effects. Improved understanding may be expected from data-driven and process-modelling approaches: new models, model integration, enhanced statistical analysis and modern sensor imagery at medium spatial resolution should substantially improve the assessment of global land degradation.