Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amélioration de la production halieutique des trous traditionnels à poissons (whedos) du delta de l'Ouémé (sud Bénin) par la promotion de l'élevage des poissons-chats Clarias gariepinus et Heterobranchus longifilis

La presente etude s'inscrit dans une approche perspective d'augmentation de la production halieutique nationale par l'amelioration des techniques piscicoles deja existantes, notamment les trous traditionnels a poissons (whedos), dans le delta du fleuve Oueme (sud Benin). Les premieres approches de nos investigations montrent que, sur le plan socio-economique, l'augmentation de la productivite des whedos s'avere necessaire pour l'amelioration des conditions de vie des pecheurs dans la Vallee de l'Oueme. En effet, avec le mode actuel de gestion des whedos, le revenu net par hectare et par an peut varier entre 182.000 et 572.000 Fcfa. Il represente au niveau actuel environ 27 % des revenus totaux de la peche par menage. Cependant, avec la mise en charge et l'alimentation artificielles d'especes piscicoles adaptees, telles que les poissons-chats Clarias gariepinus et Heterobranchus longifilis, des rendements annuels de 3 a 36 t ha-1 peuvent etre obtenus en fonction des densites d'elevage (respectivement de 4 a 24 poissons m-3). Les revenus nets provenant d'une telle gestion sont assez importants et peuvent varier en fonction de la densite de mise en charge, entre 1.664. 000 et 31.675. 000 Fcfa (respectivement de 4 a 24 poissons m-3). Ainsi, bien que la densite de 10,5 poissons m-3 soit apparue comme etant ideale pour l'optimisation des performances zootechniques, la recherche du profit maximal nous amene a suggerer pour la promotion de l'elevage de C. gariepinus dans les whedos, l'utilisation des densites plus elevees (environ 24 poissons m-3) afin de maximiser leurs capacites de production. Par ailleurs, la necessite de production massive d'alevins de ces poissons-chats s'est averee indispensable pour la promotion effective de leur elevage en whedos. A cet effet, nous avons evalue quelques aspects de l'elevage larvaire de ces especes (âge de sevrage et densite de stockage), de meme que les effets zootechniques et nutritionnels de differents regimes a base des tourteaux de soja et de coton aussi bien chez les larves que les juveniles. Il ressort de ces etudes que le sevrage des larves de H. longifilis, maintenues a des densites de 10 a 25 individus L-1, est necessaire entre les jours 5 et 8 post-eclosion afin d'optimiser aussi bien les performances zootechniques qu'economiques de l'elevage. D'autre part, le tourteau de soja s'est avere plus efficace que celui de coton aussi bien chez les larves que les juveniles de ces poissons-chats. Cependant, la presence des facteurs antinutritionnels, notamment l'acide phytique, limite les niveaux d'utilisation de ces tourteaux dans les regimes, etant donne que chez les juveniles des reductions significatives des teneurs corporelles en mineraux, notamment en P, Zn et Mn ont ete observees avec les regimes contenant jusqu'a 60 % de ces tourteaux.
Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial-drug therapy.

Over the past 20 years, outpatient parenteral therapy with antimicrobial drugs has proved effective, safe, and cost effective for patients with a wide range of infectious diseases.1–4 Teams to manage this type of therapy have been established at medical centers,5,6 emergency departments,7 health maintenance organizations,8 physicians' offices,9,10 and other sites. Indications Three criteria must be met before outpatient parenteral antimicrobial-drug therapy can be implemented. The patient must have an active infectious disease that requires continued treatment beyond the anticipated period of hospitalization. There should be no further need for hospitalization, other than for treatment of the infectious .
Phylogeography of the high alpine plant Senecio halleri (Asteraceae) in the European Alps: in situ glacial survival with postglacial stepwise dispersal into peripheral areas

Whether alpine plant species survived Pleistocene glaciations in situ on high alpine nunatak mountains is still under debate. To test this hypothesis, Senecio halleri, a high alpine and endemic species with a narrow distribution range in the European Alps, was chosen as a model organism. Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphisms of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA PCR‐RFLPs) were used in a phylogeographic analysis of 14 populations of S. halleri, covering its total distribution area. The results of haplotype diversity and distribution gave evidence of in situ glacial survival on siliceous central‐alpine nunatak mountains in two areas, southwest and northeast of the Aosta valley. According to the absence of genetic differentiation between these two nunatak areas (based on amova), nested clade analysis implied a history of preglacial gene flow, in situ survival and extinction of intermediate populations during glaciation and postglacial stepwise recolonization of peripheral and intermediate areas.
Differential Survivorship of Invasive Mosquito Species in South Florida Cemeteries: Do Site-Specific Microclimates Explain Patterns of Coexistence and Exclusion?

ABSTRACT Within 2 yr of the arrival of the invasive container mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse), the previously dominant invasive mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) disappeared from many Florida cemeteries. At some cemeteries, however, Ae. aegypti populations seem stable despite Ae. albopictus invasion. We sought to understand this variation in the outcome (exclusion, coexistence) of this invasion, given that previous experiments show that Ae. albopictus is the superior larval competitor. We tested experimentally the hypothesis that climate-dependent egg survivorship differs between exclusion and coexistence cemeteries and that differences in invasion outcome are associated with microclimate. Viability of eggs oviposited in the laboratory and suspended in vases at six cemeteries was significantly greater for Ae. aegypti than for Ae. albopictus, and greater in 2001 than in 2006. Cemeteries differed significantly in egg survivorship of Ae. albopictus, but not of Ae. aegypti, which is consistent with the hypothesis that Ae. albopictus suffers site-specific, climate-driven egg mortality that mitigates the competitive superiority of larval Ae. albopictus. Principal component (PC) analysis of microclimate records from vases during the experiments yielded three PCs accounting for >96% of the variance in both years of experiments. Multivariate analysis of variance of the three PCs revealed significant microclimate differences among the six cemeteries and between exclusion versus coexistence cemeteries. Stepwise logistic regression of egg survivorship versus microclimate PCs yielded significant fits for both species, and twice as much variance explained for Ae. albopictus as for Ae. aegypti in both years, Higher mortalities in 2006 were associated with high average daily maximum temperatures in vases, with lethal thresholds for both species at ≈40°C. From 1990 to 2007, vase occupancy by Ae. albopictus increased and that by Ae. aegypti decreased, with increasing seasonal precipitation at one well-sampled cemetery. Results support the hypothesis that locally variable climate-driven mortality of Ae. albopictus eggs contributes to patterns of exclusion of, or coexistence with, Ae. aegypti.
Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reversal by Gene Knockdown of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Activities in Live Animal Brains

The involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activities in the development of abnormal water diffusion in the brain after cardiac arrest is not fully understood. We used magnetic resonance imaging to determine the correlation between MMP-9 activity and the mechanism of abnormal water diffusion after global cerebral ischemia (GCI)-induced brain damage in C57black6 mice. We induced GCI in mice by occluding both carotid arteries for 60 min, then allowing reperfusion. We labeled a short DNA that targets mmp-9 mRNA activity [phosphorothioate-modified oligodeoxynucleotide (sODN)-mmp9] or a control probe without intracellular target (sODN-Ran) with iron-based MR contrast agent [superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)-mmp9 or SPION-Ran] or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-sODN-mmp9 or FITC-sODN-Ran; we then delivered these probes by intracerebroventricular infusion or intraperitoneal injection within 3 h of reperfusion. At low dose (120 pmol/kg) the SPION-mmp9 probe was retained at significant levels in the striatum and cortex of living brains 10 h after GCI. Probe retention was validated by similar elevation of mmp-9 mRNA and antigens in postmortem samples taken from regions that exhibited GCI-induced hyperintensity in diffusion-weighted imaging, and a significant reduction in apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC, p = 0.0006, n = 12). At a higher dose (120 nmol/kg), the FITC-sODN-mmp9 probe revealed significant knockdown of MMP-9 activity, per zymography, and a reversal of striatal rADC (p = 0.004, n = 6). These observations were not duplicated in the control group. We conclude that expression of mmp-9 mRNA is associated with abnormal ADC after GCI.
Lifetime memories from persistently supple synapses

It is here proposed that the evanescent network derived from malleable or supple synapses is the substrate for long‐lasting memory. The subjective sense of memory permanence is not derived, as suggested by Bain and others, from the stabilization of synaptic structure which gives rise to consolidated distributed networks. This generally held wisdom that synapses are activated and ultimately stabilized to reflect the long‐lasting substrate of memory is reinforced by increased interest in the importance of sparse coding in memory consolidation. One line of evidence for sparse coding derives from studies on the lateral nucleus neurons of the amygdala (for review, see Josselyn, 2010 ). These findings lead to the conclusion that a small number of neurons are both necessary and sufficient to retrieve the fear engram. Recently, it has been shown that sparse coding in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is sufficient for retrieving the fear conditioning engram (Liu et al., 2012 ). One implication of these findings is that memory is stored in selected cells and that this restricted storage is more or less permanent, as the authors note: “… Defined cell populations can form the cellular basis for fear memory engrams (Liu et al., 2012 , p. 89). ” But the problem with this model is that because new learning is incorporated into existing networks, stabilization would work against this integration. For this reason and because of obligatory processes of metabolic protein turnover and ongoing synaptic malleability, the “supple synapse” model is proposed (Routtenberg, A., Rekart, 2005; Routtenberg, 2008a , b ). Specifically, long‐lasting memory is derived from the instructive, use‐dependent sampling of neural networks selected from a very large universe of networks that are evanescent because they are linked together by supple synapses. Importantly, if such suppleness did not exist, the stabilization of synapses would then prevent the physiological malleability of brain circuitry that is essential both for proper integrated information storage and for flexible information retrieval. A corollary of this proposal is that it suggests an alternative view of consolidation: the same agent which is disruptive immediately after learning is no longer effective later because the network, over time, becomes widely distributed and evanescent. Thus, time‐dependence is replaced with space‐dependence. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of Trans-Vag Broth, Colistin-Nalidixic Agar, and CHROMagar StrepB for Detection of Group B Streptococcus in Vaginal and Rectal Swabs from Pregnant Women in South Africa

ABSTRACT Maternal vaginal colonization with group B streptococcus (GBS) is a major risk factor for invasive GBS infection in newborns. The CDC-recommended method for detecting GBS colonization is to culture vaginal and rectal swabs in a selective broth followed by subculture on blood agar or a selective medium. A high incidence of antimicrobial resistance in the fecal microflora can compromise the recovery of GBS from the selective broth. Here, we compared CHROMagar StrepB (CA), Columbia colistin-nalidixic agar (CNA), and Trans-Vag selective broth enrichment for the isolation of GBS from 130 vaginal and 130 rectal swabs from pregnant women. The swabs were randomized for plating first on either CA or CNA, and they then were inoculated in Trans-Vag broth. GBS was cultured from 37.7% of the vaginal swabs and 33.1% of the rectal swabs. There were no differences in the detection rates for the vaginal swabs between CA (31.5%), CNA (26.2%), and the selective broth (30.0%). The sensitivities in relation to a composite score were 83.7%, 69.4%, and 79.6%, respectively. However, recovery of GBS from the rectal swabs was significantly higher from CA (29.2%; P < 0.0001) and CNA (23.8%; P = 0.002) than from the selective broth (9.2%). The sensitivities were 88.4%, 72.1%, and 27.9%, respectively. The order of plating on the solid medium was significant (P = 0.003), with GBS detection rates of 30.8% and 24.6% when swabs were plated first and second, respectively. These findings show that a selective broth is not suitable for the recovery of GBS from rectal swabs in settings such as ours, due to masking of the GBS colonies by persistent microflora.
Selfing ability and dispersal are positively related, but not affected by range position: a multispecies study on southern African Asteraceae

Dispersal and breeding system traits are thought to affect colonization success. As species have attained their present distribution ranges through colonization, these traits may vary geographically. Although several theories predict associations between dispersal ability, selfing ability and the relative position of a population within its geographic range, there is little theoretical or empirical consensus on exactly how these three variables are related. We investigated relationships between dispersal ability, selfing ability and range position across 28 populations of 13 annual, wind‐dispersed Asteraceae species from the Namaqualand region of South Africa. Controlling for phylogeny, relative dispersal ability – assessed from vertical fall time of fruits – was positively related to an index of autofertility – determined from hand‐pollination experiments. These findings support the existence of two discrete syndromes: high selfing ability associated with good dispersal and obligate outcrossing associated with lower dispersal ability. This is consistent with the hypothesis that selection for colonization success drives the evolution of an association between these traits. However, no general effect of range position on dispersal or breeding system traits was evident. This suggests selection on both breeding system and dispersal traits acts consistently across distribution ranges.
Genome Modification Technologies and Their Applications in Avian Species

The rapid development of genome modification technology has provided many great benefits in diverse areas of research and industry. Genome modification technologies have also been actively used in a variety of research areas and fields of industry in avian species. Transgenic technologies such as lentiviral systems and piggyBac transposition have been used to produce transgenic birds for diverse purposes. In recent years, newly developed programmable genome editing tools such as transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) have also been successfully adopted in avian systems with primordial germ cell (PGC)-mediated genome modification. These genome modification technologies are expected to be applied to practical uses beyond system development itself. The technologies could be used to enhance economic traits in poultry such as acquiring a disease resistance or producing functional proteins in eggs. Furthermore, novel avian models of human diseases or embryonic development could also be established for research purposes. In this review, we discuss diverse genome modification technologies used in avian species, and future applications of avian biotechnology.
Repression of platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor expression by mitogenic growth factors and transforming oncogenes in murine 3T3 fibroblasts

Platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) is an important extracellular factor for regulating the G0-S phase transition of murine BALB/c-3T3 fibroblasts. We have investigated the expression of the PDGF beta receptor (PDGF beta R) in these cells. We show that the state of growth arrest in G0, resulting from serum deprivation, is associated with increased expression of the PDGF beta R. When the growth-arrested fibroblasts are stimulated to reenter the cell cycle by the mitogenic action of serum or certain specific combinations of growth factors, PDGF beta R mRNA levels and cell surface PDGF-BB-binding sites are markedly downregualted. Oncogene-transformed 3T3 cell lines, which fail to undergo growth arrest following prolonged serum deprivation, express constitutively low levels of the PDGF beta R mRNA and possess greatly reduced numbers of cell surface PDGF receptors, as determined by PDGF-BB binding and Western blotting (immunoblotting). Nuclear runoff assays indicate the mechanism of repression of PDGF beta R expression to be, at least in large part, transcriptional. These data indicate that expression of the PDGF beta R is regulated in a growth state-dependent manner in fibroblasts and suggest that this may provide a means by which cells can modulate their responsiveness to the actions of PDGF.
Effects of stocking densities on growth and survival of Thai Sharpunti (Barbonymus gonionotus) in earthen ponds

The present study was conducted over 4 months during 1st September to 30th December 2005 to observe the effects of stocking density on growth and survival of Thai Sharpunti, Barbodes gonionotus in 3 earthen ponds of size of 2.8 decimal each. The stocking densities of 80, 100 and 120 fish/decimal were treated as T1, T2 and T3, respectively. All the treatments were subjected to the same feeding regime and fertilization. The range of water quality parameters such as temperature were 30.31, 30.16 and 29.65 0C, transparency were 29.94, 37.63, and 40.02 cm, water depth were 143.91, 148.67 and 151.54 cm, dissolved oxygen were 4.72, 4.35 and 4.24 mg/l, pH were 7.71, 7.49 and 7.31, plankton biomass were 43.05 x 105 /l, 37.97 x 105 /l and 36.05 x 105 /l in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Among the growth parameters, mean weight gain were 48.87 g, 41.43 g and 34.09 g, percent weight gain were 698.21%, 591.93% and 487%, the average daily gains were 1.65, 1.54 and 1.20 g, the specific growth rate were 1.73, 1.61 and 1.47%, in T1, T2 and T3 respectively. The gross total productions of Barbonymus gonionotus were 1041.96, 1085.71 and 1019.64 kg/ha/120 days while the net productions were 911.60, 929.46 and 846.43 kg/ha/120 days in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The gross and net total productions in T2 were highest among the treatments. The highest growth and survival rate were obtained in T1.
Enhanced facial expression recognition by age

Current studies of facial expression recognition (FER) pay little attention to the age effect on the performance of expression recognition. In this paper, we propose to enhance expression recognition by age. Specifically, we propose a three-node Bayesian network to incorporate age information as privileged information, which is only available during training. During training phase, a full probabilistic model is constructed to capture the joint probability among image features, age, and expression labels. During testing, the conditional probability of expression labels given image features is obtained by using the Bayesian rule and marginalizing over age. Experiments are conducted on two databases, i.e. the Lifespan and the FACES. Experimental results of the significant hypothesis test prove the age effect on expression recognition. Expression recognition experiments demonstrate that using age information as privileged information can construct a better expression classifier than using facial images alone.
Low-dose SoluMatrix diclofenac: a review of safety across two Phase III studies in patients with acute and osteoarthritis pain

Introduction: Similar to other NSAIDs, diclofenac is associated with serious dose-related cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and renal adverse events. Low-dose SoluMatrix diclofenac, containing submicron particles of diclofenac, was developed to provide effective analgesia at lower drug doses compared with currently available NSAIDs. Areas covered: The efficacy and safety of low-dose SoluMatrix diclofenac was evaluated in two randomized, placebo-controlled Phase III studies: a study in patients with acute pain following bunionectomy surgery and a study in patients with osteoarthritis pain of the hip or knee. In this review article, we summarize safety data from these studies. Expert opinion: The safety results from the Phase III studies indicate that all dosing regimens of low-dose SoluMatrix diclofenac up to 12 weeks are generally well tolerated. Few serious gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, renal, or hepatic adverse events commonly associated with NSAID use were reported in these studies. Although not directly compared, the safety of SoluMatrix diclofenac was similar to findings for other diclofenac drug products. The potential for safe and effective management of acute and chronic pain at reduced NSAID doses is attractive; definitive characterization of SoluMatrix diclofenac safety requires confirmation by long-term studies.
Structure of Yin Yang 1 Oligomers That Cooperate with RuvBL1-RuvBL2 ATPases*

Background: Oligomerization of transcription factor YY1 is not well understood. Results: YY1 assembles homo-oligomers that bind DNAs without the consensus sequence, whose structure is studied by electron microscopy. Conclusion: RuvBL1-RuvBL2 enhances YY1 binding to DNAs without the consensus sequence for the transcription factor. Significance: YY1-RuvBL1-RuvBL2 complexes could contribute to functions beyond transcription, and we find this occurs during homologous recombination. Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a transcription factor regulating proliferation and differentiation and is involved in cancer development. Oligomers of recombinant YY1 have been observed before, but their structure and DNA binding properties are not well understood. Here we find that YY1 assembles several homo-oligomeric species built from the association of a bell-shaped dimer, a process we characterized by electron microscopy. Moreover, we find that YY1 self-association also occurs in vivo using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Unexpectedly, these oligomers recognize several DNA substrates without the consensus sequence for YY1 in vitro, and DNA binding is enhanced in the presence of RuvBL1-RuvBL2, two essential AAA+ ATPases. YY1 oligomers bind RuvBL1-RuvBL2 hetero-oligomeric complexes, but YY1 interacts preferentially with RuvBL1. Collectively, these findings suggest that YY1-RuvBL1-RuvBL2 complexes could contribute to functions beyond transcription, and we show that YY1 and the ATPase activity of RuvBL2 are required for RAD51 foci formation during homologous recombination.