Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Congential Lower Lip Pits

A 10-year-old girl was referred to our department because of the presence since birth of bilateral depressions on both sides of her lower lip. On clinical examination, bilateral punctiform depressions were located on the peak of her lowerlip convexity, which appeared to be swollen (Fig. 1). No other abnormalities were noted on the oral cavity, periauricular, or thyroid regions. Her mother reported that she, the patient’s grandmother, one uncle, and one cousin had similar lesions.
Localization and characterization of neuropeptide Y in the brain of Microcebus murinus (primate, lemurian)

The distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the brain of the lemur Microcebus murinus was determined by immunocytochemistry with the aid of a highly specific antiserum against synthetic porcine NPY. When compared with previous immunohistochemical data obtained in primates and other mammalian species, the localization of NPY‐immunoreactive (IR) structures in the Microcebus murinus brain revealed particular features. (1) Numerous NPY‐IR perikarya and a dense network of IR nerve terminals were found in the supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei, respectively. The occurrence of NPY‐IR perikarya in the supraoptic nucleus, also reported in the squirrel monkey, seems to be specific to primates. In the squirrel monkey, the suprachiasmatic nucleus exhibits only a moderate innervation, whereas in humans it appears totally devoid of NPY‐IR fibers. (2) IR perikarya and axon processes were observed in many upper brainstem areas, in particular in the interpeduncular, raphe pontine, dorsal tegmental, parabrachial, and dorsal raphe nuclei, in the locus coeruleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract, and the reticular formation; in this latter area, the occurrence of two categories of NPY‐IR neurons was demonstrated on the basis of their morphology and localization, suggesting that they may play distinct roles. (3) NPY‐IR nerve processes could be traced over a long distance. (4) For the first time, numerous NPY‐IR terminals were observed close to the lumen of the various cerebral ventricles. The immunoreactive NPY‐like peptide was characterized by combining high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and radioimmunoassay quantification. The dilution curves obtained with synthetic porcine NPY and serial dilutions of occipital cortex, paraventricular and supraoptic hypothalamus, posterior hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, or preoptic area extracts were parallel. The highest amounts of NPY were measured in the hypothalamus and telencephalon. HPLC analysis resolved a single peak of NPY‐like immunoreactivity that exhibited the same retention time as synthetic porcine NPY. The distribution of NPY in the lemurian brain is discussed with respect to phylogeny and putative functions.
A thorough QT study to evaluate the effects of singledose exenatide 10 μg on cardiac repolarization in healthy subjects.

OBJECTIVE This was a singledose, randomized, positive- and placebo-controlled, double-dummy, double-blinded, 3-period crossover thorough QT study of exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes that enhances insulin secretion in a glucose- dependent fashion. METHODS Healthy subjects (n = 70) underwent an initial tolerability screening, receiving subcutaneous exenatide 10 μg daily for 3 consecutive days. Subjects who passed tolerability screening (n = 62) received exenatide 10 μg, placebo, and moxifloxacin (400 mg orally; positive control) separated by washout periods of approximately 5 days. Twelve-lead electrocardiograms and blood samples for plasma exenatide, glucose, and insulin were collected. QT intervals were heart rate-corrected using Fridericia's correction (QTcF) and an individual correction (QTcI) and were analyzed as change from predose (ΔQTcF, or ΔQTcI). The relationships between the QTc interval and plasma exenatide, glucose, and insulin concentrations were also explored. RESULTS Based on ΔQTcF and ΔQTcI assessments, exenatide 10 μg did not show a clinically significant prolongation of QT compared with placebo; the upper bound of the 2-sided 90% confidence interval (CI) for the largest mean difference from placebo was < 10 msec with both corrections. A positive slope was observed between plasma exenatide and ΔΔQTcF (0.02 (95% CI 0.01, 0.03), p < 0.001); no significant slope was observed between plasma exenatide concentrations and ΔΔQTcI (0.01 (95% CI 0.00, 0.02), p = 0.064). The plasma exenatide versus QTc analyses may be confounded by exenatide's glucose-lowering effect. A negative slope was observed between plasma glucose and [delta]QTcF (-1.5 (95% CI -2.2, -0.7), p < 0.001) and between plasma glucose and ΔQTcI (-1.6 (95% CI -2.3, -0.9), p < 0.0001). Plasma insulin and ΔQTcF were not correlated. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that single-dose exenatide 10 μg was not associated with clinically meaningful prolongation of the QTc interval.
Coping with motor neurone disease — an analysis using self-regulation theory

Medicine and environmental changes have had tremendous success in controlling the infectious diseases that were the major causes of death in the last century. However, the consequential extension of life has been accompanied by an increase in the number of persons living with and dying of chronic illness.1 Despite these changes and their implications, the means by which people cope with such illnesses has only recently begun to receive the attention the subject warrants. 2,3 Such diseases have a high prevalence in the population and self-detection and self-management are critical to the treatment and control of chronic disease and disability.4 This paper examines how people cope with motor neurone disease and sets this in the context of earlier research on psychological aspects of chronic disease and current theoretical approaches to coping with long-term ill health.
Selectivity for strand-transfer over 3′-processing and susceptibility to clinical resistance of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors are driven by key enzyme–DNA interactions in the active site

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are highly effective against HIV infections. Co-crystal structures of the prototype foamy virus intasome have shown that all three FDA-approved drugs, raltegravir (RAL), elvitegravir and dolutegravir (DTG), act as interfacial inhibitors during the strand transfer (ST) integration step. However, these structures give only a partial sense for the limited inhibition of the 3′-processing reaction by INSTIs and how INSTIs can be modified to overcome drug resistance, notably against the G140S-Q148H double mutation. Based on biochemical experiments with modified oligonucleotides, we demonstrate that both the viral DNA +1 and −1 bases, which flank the 3′-processing site, play a critical role for 3′-processing efficiency and inhibition by RAL and DTG. In addition, the G140S-Q148H (SH) mutant integrase, which has a reduced 3′-processing activity, becomes more active and more resistant to inhibition of 3′-processing by RAL and DTG in the absence of the −1 and +1 bases. Molecular modeling of HIV-1 integrase, together with biochemical data, indicate that the conserved residue Q146 in the flexible loop of HIV-1 integrase is critical for productive viral DNA binding through specific contacts with the virus DNA ends in the 3′-processing and ST reactions. The potency of integrase inhibitors against 3′-processing and their ability to overcome resistance is discussed.
Directional Gene Movement from Human-Pathogenic to Commensal-Like Streptococci

ABSTRACT Group A streptococci (GAS) are highly pathogenic for humans, and their closest genetic relatives, group C and G streptococci (GCS and GGS, respectively), are generally regarded as commensals, although they can be found in association with human disease. As part of an effort to better understand the evolution of virulence, the phylogenetic relationships between GAS, GCS, and GGS were examined. The nucleotide sequence was determined for an internal portion of seven housekeeping (neutral) loci among >200 isolates of GAS and 34 isolates of GCS or GGS obtained from human subjects. Genotypic analysis failed to show support for the separation of GCS and GGS into two distinct populations. Unlike GAS, there was poor concordance betweenemm type and genetic relatedness among GCS and GGS. All housekeeping genes within GAS displayed relatively low levels of sequence diversity. In contrast, individual GCS and GGS strains had mosaic genomes, containing alleles at some loci that were similar or identical to GAS alleles, whereas the alleles at other loci were about 10 to 30% diverged. The data provide evidence for a history of recent interspecies transfer of neutral genes that exhibits a strong net directionality from GAS donors to GCS and GGS recipients. A model for the evolution of GAS and of GCS and GGS is described.
Pregnancy outcome in hyperemesis gravidarum – the role of fetal gender

Abstract Objective: To determine whether the incidence, severity and effects of hyperemesis gravidarum (HEG) are related to fetal gender. Method: A retrospective study of all pregnant women who were admitted with the diagnosis of HEG between 1994 and 2008 (N = 545). The association between fetal gender and pregnancy outcome in pregnancies complicated by HEG was compared to that of a control group of women with singleton pregnancies matched by maternal age and parity in a 3:1 ratio (N = 1635). Results: Women with HEG with a female fetus were younger (28.2 ± 4.8y versus 29.5 ± 5.5y, p = 0.003), were admitted earlier in pregnancy for HEG (admission < 10w: 62.3% versus 53.4%, p = 0.04), and were more likely to require TPN support (35.6% versus 26.9%, p = 0.03) compared to women with HEG having a male fetus. Compared to controls, women with HEG were more likely to have a female rather than a male fetus (odds ratio (OR) = 1.20) although this difference reached statistical significance only for the subgroup of women with HEG who were admitted prior to 10 weeks of gestation (OR = 1.40, 95%-confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.70) or who required TPN support (OR = 1.593, 95% CI 1.15–2.0263). The presence of a male fetus in pregnancies complicated by HEG was associated with an increased risk for preterm delivery (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.27–0.87), and composite neonatal morbidity (OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.20–0.74). Conclusion: Although HEG appears to be more common and more severe in the presence of a female fetus, male fetuses appear to be more susceptible to the adverse effects of HEG on pregnancy outcome.
The diet of Atilax paludinosus (water mongoose) at St Lucia, South Africa

The only indigenous mammalian piscivorous predator at St Lucia is the water mongoose (Atilax paludinosas). It is mainly nocturnal and occurs commonly along streams, rivers and marshes where shelter is available in water vegetation (Roberts, 1951). Prey is hunted in the littoral zone and along the margins of water bodies. Rowe-Rowe (1975) has described the food and feeding ecology of A. paludinosus in the Natal Midlands, but this study is the first into their feeding biology in anestuarine system.
C-Met Expression and Mechanical Activation of Satellite Cells on Cultured Muscle Fibers

Single-fiber cultures can be used to model satellite cell activation in vivo. Although technical deficiencies previously prevented study of stretch-induced events, here we describe a method developed to study satellite cell gene expression by in situ hybridization (ISH) using protocol modifications for fiber adhesion and fixation. The hypothesis that mechanical stretching activates satellite cells was tested. Fiber cultures were established from normal flexor digitorum brevis muscles and plated on FlexCell dishes with a layer of Vitrogen. After 2 hr of stretch in the presence of BrdU, satellite cells on fibers attached to Vitrogen were activated above control levels. In the absence of activating treatments or mechanical stretch, ISH studies showed 0–6 c-Met+ satellite cells per fiber. Time course experiments demonstrated stable quiescence in the absence of stretch and significant peaks in activation after 30 min and 2 hr of stretch. Frequency distributions for unstretched fiber cultures showed a significantly greater number of quiescent c-Met+ satellite cells than were activated by stretching, suggesting that typical activation stimuli did not trigger cycling in the entire c-Met+ population of satellite cells. These methods have a strong potential to further dissect the nature of stretch-induced activation and gene expression among characterized populations of individual quiescent and activated satellite cells.
Evaluation of Lymphocyte Subgroups in Children With Down Syndrome

In this study, lymphocyte subgroups including blood CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, CD19, and CD16.56 values were analyzed in children with Down syndrome (DS). The study includes 85 children with DS, followed at Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Yüzüncü Yil University and 64 healthy age-matched control participants. Blood CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, CD19, and CD16.56 values were examined in both the groups. Significantly decreased blood CD3, CD4, and CD19 values were found in the study group (P < .05) when compared with the control group. In conclusion, we would like to emphasize that blood CD3, CD4, and CD19 levels were found to be decreased in children with DS. Based on these finding, we think that these decreased lymphocyte subgroups might be responsible for increased susceptibility to infections in children with DS.
Les jeunes des cités en visite au bled : Ennemis de l'intérieur en France et touristes étrangers au Maghreb

La situation conflictuelle, lors de leurs vacances au Maghreb, des jeunes Francais habitants des cites et originaires d'Afrique du Nord fait ici l'objet d'une etude approfondie. Les problemes avec la population locale et, notamment, avec les jeunes tournent souvent autour du pouvoir d'achat, different selon les pays. L'etude de cette problematique s'appuie sur une enquete qualitative menee en Tunisie, en Algerie et au Maroc. ; Cette enquete permet d'apprehender de nouvelles pistes de recherche sur ce sujet.
Puffing behavior during the smoking of a single cigarette in tobacco-dependent adolescents.

INTRODUCTION Adult and adolescent smokers regulate their nicotine and smoke intake by smoking low-yield cigarettes more intensely than high-yield cigarettes. One likely mechanism of nicotine regulation is altered puffing topography, which has been demonstrated in adult smokers. The purpose of this study was to examine the pattern of puffing behavior during the smoking of a single cigarette in adolescents. METHODS Tobacco-dependent adolescents (n = 89) were enrolled in a treatment trial testing the efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy. About 1 week before their quit date, participants smoked ad libitum one of their usual brand of cigarettes during a laboratory session. Smoking topography measures included puff volume, puff duration, puff velocity, and interpuff interval. RESULTS Controlling for sex, race, and number of puffs, puff volume and puff duration decreased 12.8% and 24.5%, respectively, from the first 3 to the last 3 puffs. Puff velocity and interpuff interval increased 14.8% and 13.5%, respectively. Puff volume was positively correlated with puff duration and puff velocity, whereas puff duration and puff velocity were negatively correlated. However, none of the topography measures were correlated with smoking history variables. DISCUSSION These results suggest that adolescent smokers, like adults, are able to regulate smoke and nicotine intake on a puff-by-puff basis, therefore indicating that this aspect of smoking control is acquired early in the tobacco-dependence process.
Barriers and Facilitators to Intake of Dairy Products in Adolescent Males and Females With Different Levels of Habitual Intake

Background: Dairy products and alternatives can contribute to overall good health including positive body composition and decreased adiposity; however, these foods are grossly underconsumed by youth, and worldwide, almost 25% of children are overweight or obese. Objective: The study investigated the barriers and facilitators toward dairy consumption by Grade 7 youth. Methods: Thirty 50-minute, audio-recorded focus groups were conducted with 134 students in eight Grade 7 classes across 5 elementary schools. Focus groups were led by trained facilitators in the elementary schools and participants were separated based on dairy consumption and gender. Recorded data were transcribed and thematically analyzed using qualitative analysis software to identify themes related to barriers and facilitators to dairy product intake by each gender. Results: Factors considered important by males and females across different levels of habitual intake include personal knowledge about dairy products and misconceptions regarding dairy foods and their associated health benefits; food characteristics, including taste; personal behaviors such as habits or routines including dairy products; social environments including parental and peer influence; physical environments factors such as availability and skipping meals; and the convenience of dairy products. Interestingly, only males noted sports as a positive influence for dairy product intake. Also, there were differences in the way males and females perceived dining out as affecting their dairy intake. Conclusion: Results suggest several potential factors that nutrition education interventions aiming to increase dairy consumption could target.
Self-resonant structures of normal-mode helical antennas embedded in dielectric and magnetic materials

Normal-mode helical antennas (NMHA) are well known for achieving high antenna efficiencies in very small sizes when antenna structures are tuned to self-resonant situations. The design equation determining self-resonant structures were developed in free space conditions. However, in practically, NMHA mostly used dielectric or magnetic materials as cores. The design equation for these cases is not studied yet. In this paper, fundamental self-resonant structures are studied for NMHA placed in dielectric or magnetic material. In order to obtain correct calculation results, calculation models of an commercial electromagnetic simulator (FEKO) is studied. Many data for structural change from free space condition to inside materials are achieved. Moreover, input resistance and antenna efficiency changes are also obtained.
Acute effect of exercise on blood glucose and insulin levels in women with gestational diabetes

Objective : To evaluate the effect of a single session of exercise (cycling), at rest (control condition) and at two intensity levels (low- and moderate-intensity exercise conditions), on blood glucose and insulin in pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods : A one-group repeated measures design was used. Women aged 18-38 with GDM, no other complications, not on insulin, and not exercising regularly were recruited. The women rested or exercised at the two intensities for 30 min and rested for 2 h after each session. Blood was sampled for blood glucose, insulin and hematocrit at baseline and every 15 min. Results : There was no difference at baseline in blood glucose levels. The blood glucose level was significantly lower for each exercise condition compared to rest, and for moderate compared to low-intensity exercise (5.2 vs. 4.3 vs 3.9 mmol/l) at the end of exercise (30 min), and for the two exercise conditions compared to rest at 15 min after exercise (4.9 vs 4.4 vs. 4.0 mmol/l). By 45 min after exercise, the blood glucose values were nearly identical. The area under the curve for blood glucose was significantly lower for low- and moderate-intensity exercise than for rest ( p = 0.01). The slope of change in insulin among the three conditions, from baseline to the 30-min session, approached significance ( p = 0.065). The power for that analysis was 0.51. A sample of 23 would have been required to increase the power to 0.80. Conclusions : Significant declines in blood glucose level were observed during low- and moderate-intensity exercise compared to rest. These differences were gone by 45 min after exercise. Continued research should examine those with high body mass index and more pronounced hyperglycemia for further evaluation of the effect of exercise on blood glucose and insulin levels in women with GDM.
From Underground to Elite: Egyptian Bloggers before and after the 2011 Uprising

This research looks at how the shift in the status of Egyptian bloggers from underground dissident voices to mainstream political and media players affected the plurality they add to the public space for discourse in Egypt’s authoritarian settings. The role of the internet – and more recently social media and bloggers – in democratic transition has been studied by various media scholars since the introduction of the worldwide web and especially after the Egyptian and Tunisian uprisings of 2011. But no work has been done to study how bringing those once-underground bloggers into the public and media spotlight affected the nature of the blogosphere and the bloggers themselves. Star bloggers were not only covered by the media after January 25th, 2011, they also started joining the media as column writers; a move that had various effects on them and the blogosphere but was never examined in media studies. The plurality the blogosphere adds to the Egyptian public space for discourse in light of those changes as well as in light of the financial and practical sustainability of blogging was hence never looked at in a context similar to Egypt’s. Guided by modified theories of the public sphere and theories of hegemony and manufacturing consent, I look at whether bloggers have been co-opted into the historical bloc in the process of renewing the social order and how this affects them and the online sphere. Also, guided by theories of power and media elites, I look at bloggers’ backgrounds to assess whether they come from power elites and are transforming into media elites, thus limiting the plurality of the online sphere. Finally, guided by theoretical works on institutionalizing and commercializing the internet, I look at how those shifts into mainstream affect the independence and freedom of the blogs and microblogs. The research uses a comparative study to assess how those changes affect prominent versus less prominent bloggers and compare their backgrounds. The study uses quantitative content analysis and framing analysis of chosen media outlets and interviews with bloggers, marketeers and media professionals. The findings trace an increase in media coverage of bloggers post January 25th, 2011, especially in the prominent bloggers category, and an overall positive framing of bloggers post the uprising. This led to the mainstreaming of bloggers into the media as well as public work, which had various implications on the freedom they had over their content and voice, both online and offline. It also points to a dramatic decrease in bloggers’ activity on their blogs in favour of mainstream and social media and due to star bloggers becoming more career-oriented and their failure to make blogs financially sustainable. The findings also indicate that more prominent bloggers seem to come from more elite backgrounds than others and enjoy luxuries that allow them the time, technology and security to post online. This research concludes that the shifts in bloggers’ status post-January 25th have limited the plurality they add to the discourse in Egypt.