Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cover Crop and Nitrogen Fertilization Influence Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Under Bioenergy Sweet Sorghum

463 Sweet sorghum has been considered a promising crop for bioenergy production because of its high sugar content which can be easily converted to ethanol (Rooney et al., 2007; Tamang et al., 2011). Furthermore, lignocellulose and starch from grain, stalk, and bagasse (stalks after sugar extraction) can also be used for ethanol production (Tamang et al., 2011). Compared with other bioenergy crops, such as corn (Zea mays L.), sweet sorghum is widely adapted in warm regions, is drought tolerant, requires less water, and produces greater biomass (Howell et al., 1997; Rooney et al., 2007; Evers et al., 2013). Sweet sorghum can also remain in vegetative stage late in the growing season even in dryland or rainfed conditions and can regrow after harvest, resulting in greater biomass yield through multiple cuttings, especially in regions with a longer growing season (Ketterings et al., 2007; Rooney et al., 2007). Such bioenergy crops could replace about 30% of the US total current petroleum consumption by 2030 (Perlack et al., 2005; USDOE, 2011). Aboveground biomass (grain, leaves, and stems) of sweet sorghum is usually harvested for bioenergy production. As a result, belowground biomass (root) becomes the main supplier of C and N to maintain or increase soil C and N in bioenergy crop production. Continuous removal of aboveground biomass can reduce soil and environmental quality (Wilhelm et al., 2004; Blanco-Canqui and Lal, 2007); therefore, improved management practices are needed to enhance C and N inputs to the soil, sustain soil C and N stocks, reduce N leaching, and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by sequestering atmospheric C and N in bioenergy cropping systems. Enhancement of soil C and N stocks also has an indirect effect of improving soil fertility, such as increased soil water-nutrient-crop productivity relationships (Bauer and Black, 1994; Blanco-Canqui and Lal, 2007). There is a paucity of information regarding the effect of crop residue removal on soil C and N storage and N leaching under bioenergy crops (Blanco-Canqui and Lal, 2007; Blanco-Canqui, 2010). One of the management practices to maintain or enhance soil C and N stocks and reduce N leaching is to grow winter cover crops after harvest of bioenergy crops in the fall (Kuo et al., 1997a, 1997b; Sainju et al., 2006, 2007). By providing additional residues and enhancing C and N inputs to the soil, Cover Crop and Nitrogen Fertilization Influence Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Under Bioenergy Sweet Sorghum
Optimal Percentage Fees

Revenue seeking intermediaries and governments around the globe charge fees as a function of the transaction price. In a setup with few buyers, one seller and two-sided private and independent information about valuations, we derive the fee structure that maximizes a weighted average of revenue and seller welfare. In increasingly thin markets, such optimal fees converge to linear fees. The optimal fee decreases with the weight on welfare and with the elasticity of supply, but may increase with the elasticity of demand. We test the model’s empirical predictions using data from the Boston condominium market in the 1990s and use the estimate to perform counterfactual analysis. We find that percentage fees achieve 99 percent of what can be obtained under the optimal Bayesian mechanism.
What makes Italian sme entrepreneurs successful? The leverage effect of relational competencies

We analyze the role of emotional intelligence competencies and their impact on business outcomes in a sample of entrepreneurs of small and medium sized Italian firms. We focus on the measurement of competencies by using a variety of tools and identify those ones that distinguish superior performers (i.e. distinctive competencies). Using factor and regression analysis we identify three factors of distinctive competencies and show that the relational dimension primarily affects organizational results. In particular, competencies such as Efficiency orientation, Organizational awareness and Teamwork are related to a higher firm financial performance.
Doing well and happy about it? Explaining variance in entrepreneurs’ stated satisfaction with performance

The importance of performance measurement is largely undisputed. There is debate, however, regarding the equivalency of objective and subjective performance measures.This debate has not considered a frequently used subjective measure, satisfaction with performance, to be an important measure independent of its equivalency with objective measures. Using a sample of 368 manufacturing firms, this study found that objective measures explained only a modest amount of variance in satisfaction with performance and that other variables added significantly to the explained variance.These factors included perceived environmental hostility, vulnerability, perceived competitive advantage, and commitment.
Self-Organized Beating and Swimming of Internally Driven Filaments

We study a simple two-dimensional model for motion of an elastic filament subject to internally gen- erated stresses and show that wavelike propagating shapes which can propel the filament can be induced by a self-organized mechanism via a dynamic instability. The resulting patterns of motion do not de- pend on the microscopic mechanism of the instability but only of the filament rigidity and hydrodynamic friction. Our results suggest that simplified systems, consisting only of molecular motors and filaments, could be able to show beating motion and self-propulsion. (S0031-9007(99)08456-2) In this article, we introduce a simple two-dimensional model which reveals many physical aspects of the mo- tion of an elastic filament driven by internal forces that should be relevant for flagellar beating. Our approach is inspired by studies of semiflexible filaments subject to ex- ternal forces (13- 17), however, in our case all motion is induced by internal stresses. Our model consists of two incompressible but elastic filaments of length L arranged at constant distance a ? L and rigidly attached only at one end which we call the head. A large number of molecu- lar motors and passive elements holding the filament pair together are assumed to generate a coarse-grained force per unit length f which acts in opposite directions on the two filaments and induces the relative sliding of the fila- ment pair. The dynamic equations of this model define pat- terns of beating motion resulting from the internal forces which are assumed to oscillate. More interestingly, we show that characteristic wavelike patterns which propa- gate along the filament are generated most naturally by a dynamic instability of the motor-filament system (see Fig. 1 for examples). As we show below, the qualitative shapes of these patterns do not depend on the microscopic
Pan Evaporation Trends and the Terrestrial Water Balance. II. Energy Balance and Interpretation

Declines in pan evaporation have been reported across the USA, former Soviet Union, India, China, Australia, New Zealand and Canada, among other places. The trend is large – approximately an order of magnitude larger than model-based estimates of top of the atmosphere radiative forcing. The pan evaporation trend also has a different sign (i.e. decline) from commonly held conceptions. These are a remarkably interesting set of observations. In the first article of this two-part series, we discussed the measurements themselves and then presented summaries of the worldwide observations. In this, the second article, we outline the use of energy balance methods to attribute the observed changes in pan evaporation to changes in the underlying physical variables, namely, radiation, temperature, vapour pressure deficit and wind speed. We find that much of the decline in pan evaporation can be attributed to declines in radiation (i.e. dimming) and/or wind speed (i.e. stilling). We then discuss the interpretation of changes in the terrestrial water balance. This has been an area of much misunderstanding and confusion, most of which can be rectified through use of the familiar and longstanding supply/demand framework. The key in using the pan evaporation data to make inferences about changes in the terrestrial water balance is to distinguish between water- and energy-limited conditions where different interpretations apply.
Are CAP Decoupling Policies Really Production Neutral ?

This paper examines the effects of decoupling policies on Greek cotton production. We estimate a system of cotton supply and input derived demand functions under the hypothesis that producers face uncertainty about prices. Using our estimation results we simulate the effects on cotton production under four alternative policy scenarios: the ‘Old’ CAP regime (i.e. the policy practiced until 2005), the Mid Term Review regime, a fully decoupled policy regime and a free trade-no policy scenario. Our results indicate that cotton production gradually decreases as more decoupled policies are adopted. Moreover, the fully decoupled payment is found to be non-production neutral since it indirectly affects producers’ decisions through the wealth effect. Keywords— CAP, decoupling, uncertainty
Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in a Burkina Faso Urban Area: Prevalence,Associated Factors and Comorbidities

Background: The prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome is not just a problem of the developed countries but is also with a growing trend in developing countries, especially in urban areas. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in the urban population living in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and to investigate the factors and comorbidities associated with them. Methods: Data were collected in two rounds (in March and December 2011) from two different neighbourhoods (peripheral and central) of Ouagadougou. We included all over 20 year old volunteers’ subjects (excluding pregnant women). All characteristics were collected during face-to-face interviews. We used international standards to define obesity, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. The statistical analysis used chi-square (chi 2) tests and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Results: 632 subjects with a mean age of 41.3 ± 6.8 years [20-75 years] and sex ratio (men/women) of 0.9were included in this survey. Overall crude prevalence of overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome were respectively 30.5%, 22% and 7%. Compared with normal weight participants, obese individuals had more hypertension, diabetes or impaired fasting glucose (p=0.000), and they were more likely to be older, women, employed and living in the central neighbourhood. Obesity was found in 81.8% of subjects with metabolic syndrome. On bivariate analysis, those with the metabolic syndrome were female, older, and obese Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in urban Burkina Faso is high. There is a need to pay closer attention to combating these health disorders. An important place must be reserved for the prevention and the fight against obesity by appropriate lifestyle.
Morphological activation in sentence context: when the root prevails over the meaning

Two experiments explore the extent of morphological root-based spreading activation in adult skilled readers of Hebrew. Participants performed semantic judgements on sentences in Hebrew, half of which included sentence-final incongruent targets. Critical targets were morphologically related but semantically unrelated to an expected but non-presented congruent sentence completion, and control items had no such morphological relation. Participants were slower and more error-prone in correctly rejecting critical targets than controls, due to the morphological relation with the congruent completion. These results demonstrate that prediction-based lexical activation in the absence of form exposure can support morphologically based spreading activation in Hebrew. Furthermore, semantic constraints do not completely eliminate activation of morphologically related but semantically incongruous lexical candidates, similar to patterns found for ambiguous lexical items in other languages. Taken together, these results support and extend the central role of the morphological root in shaping lexical organisation and dynamics of lexical access in Hebrew.
Contribution to the Study of the Size Structure, the Length-Weight Relationship, the Condition Factor and the Sex-ration of Shrimp Farfantepenaeus notialis (Pérez Farfante, 1967) in the Estuary of Sine-Saloum (Senegal)

This study was carried out within the context of USAID/COMFISH project for establihing a biological data base for some fish species including shrimp Farfantepenaeus notialis to support management plans for these species. This study on Farfantepenaeus notialis in the Sine-Saloum estuary revealed that the sampled individuals are relatively small sizes. The average cephalothoracic sizes are less than 20 mm at Bettenty (male = 18.0 ± 2.9; female=18.5 ± 3.9) and at Foundiougne (male = 17.6 ± 2.9; female = 18.5 ± 3.8). The allometric rate «b» is more important at Bettenty (b = 2.94) than at Foundiougne (b = 2.75) and condition factor K is higher during the hot season in both locations (Bettenty: K = 0.80 in hot season; K = 0.78 in cold season; Foundiougne: K = 0.82 in hot season, K = 0.75 in cold season). The sex ratio of Farfantepenaeus notialis is in favor of females at Bettenty (54.6%) and at Foundiougne (51.2%). The size classes show that below 15 mm and beyond 20 mm, the number of female is higher than that of male. Beween 15 to 20 mm, male are higher.
The Role of Spatial and Temporal Structure for Residential Rent Predictions

This paper examines the predictive power of five linear hedonic pricing models for the residential market with varying complexity in their spatial and temporal structure. In contrast to similar studies, we extend the out-of-sample forecast evaluation to one-day-ahead predictions with a rolling estimation window, which is a reasonable setting for many practical applications. We can show that in-sample fit and cross-validation prediction accuracy improve significantly when we account for spatial heterogeneity. In particular, for one-day-ahead forecasts, the spatiotemporal autoregressive (STAR) model demonstrates its superiority compared to model specifications with alternating spatial and temporal heterogeneity and dependence structures. In addition, sub-market fixed-effects, constructed on the basis of statistical TREE methods, further improve the results of predefined local rental markets.
Atomic force microscopy reveals microscale networks and possible symbioses among pelagic marine bacteria

Marine Bacteria and Archaea ('bacteria') interact with upper ocean productivity to fundamen- tally influence its biogeochemical fate with conse- quences for ecosystems and global climate. Most bac- teria-mediated carbon cycling is due to numerically dominant free-living bacteria, but their adaptive strategies to interact with primary productivity are not fully understood. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we made the surprising discovery that a sub- stantial, and variable, fraction (on average 30 ± 17.8% with a range of 0 to 55%) of 'free-living' bacteria in our samples from California coastal and open ocean environments were, in fact, intimately associated with other bacteria at nanometer to micrometer scales. Twenty-one to 43% of bacteria, including Syne- chococcus, were conjoint. Such close associations could indicate symbioses; however, they could also be antagonistic, parasitic, neutral, or accidental. Further, a substantial fraction (4 to 55%) of bacteria was con- nected by pili and gels into cell-cell pairs or occurred in networks of up to 20 cells. We frequently observed nanoparticles associated with the networks, raising the question of their identity and origin (e.g. scav- enged from the seawater colloid pool by the networks or produced by the bacteria within the networks). The networks occasionally contained structures that mor- phologically resembled coccoliths or protist scales. These may impart ballast to sinking particles if the networks coalesce to form larger, sinking, particles. Our finding of abundant bacteria-bacteria associations and possible microenvironment structuring by pelagic bacteria offers a novel context for bacterial ecology and diversity and models of ocean productivity and elemental cycling.
Assesing the Knowledge, Attitudes and Eating Habits of Dietary Fibers in Tîrgu-Mureş Population

Abstract Background: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and eating habits upon consumption of dietary fibers in a group of people from Tirgu-Mures area. Material and Method: We used a transversal descriptive study conducted on a group of 251 subjects from the urban area (76.4%), as well as from the rural area (23.6%), aged between 18 and 62 years, obtained using an online questionnaire consisting of 40 questions related to knowledge and attitude towards dietary fibers and estimated consumption of fiber from whole foods. Results: In the study group, we observed that 21.28% consumed whole cereals once per week and 18% did not consume cereals at all; regarding fruit consumption 17.44% consumed 6-8 pieces/week, and 3.4% consumed over 18 pieces/week. Frequency of fast food –meals consuming: 67.68% did not consume fast-food meals, 25.25% ate fast food once/week, and 1.1% consumed fast food between 8-10 times/week. Concerning the statement that fibers can prevent and/or treat colon cancer and obesity, 40% fully accepted the statement, 40% agreed, 14.29% were indifferent and 4.7% were against. From the total group of subjects, approximately 37.6% knew the meaning and classification of dietary fiber, 26.8% knew the recommended amount of fiber to be consumed daily, and 5.9% did not check the fiber content of foods ever. Conclusions: The inclusion of cereals and whole foods in diet is recommended in all nutrition guidelines worldwide, because of their association with a high health status, and prevention of chronic diseases. Consumers need to understand the benefits of whole foods, also to recognize and read the information about it on food labels.
Depression, ADHD, Job Stress and Sleep Problems with Dry Eye Disease in Korea

Purpose: For people with dry eye disease common problems in working area, the associations with depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), job stress, and sleep problems. This study aims to examine the effects of dry eye disease and depression, anxiety, ADHD, job stress, and sleep problems through a self-rated questionnaire. Subjects and Methods: Subjects included 139 people who complained of symptoms of dry eye disease for the first time between September 2014 and February 2015. The comparison group included 363 local adults without symptoms of dry eye disease. A psychiatric and ophthalmic questionnaire survey was given to the group having symptoms of dry eye disease. The presence of a significant difference in depression, anxiety, ADHD, job stress, and sleep problems between the dry eye disease group and the comparison group was evaluated, and each association was analyzed. Results: The dry eye symptoms group showed significantly higher the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), Korean Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Scales (K-AADHS), and The Korean version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-K) values than the comparison group (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001). The result of the regression analysis indicated that depression symptoms and ADHD symptoms significantly increased the odd ratio of the dry eye disease symptoms group by 1.75 times and 2.18 times, respectively (p=0.04 and p<0.001). Conclusion: The dry eye symptoms group is accompanied by ADHD related issues as well as depression. Therefore, a psychiatric approach is needed along with physical treatment.
Antibacterial and antifungal Activities of olive (Olea europaea L.) from Algeria

olive fruit (Olea europaea L.) from the Algeria were powdered and extracted why to assess the antimicrobial activity was screened using (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus feacalis ATCC 29212, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 700603, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047,Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 35659 and Salmonella typhemurium ATCC 13311) and fungi (Cladosporium herbarum MNHN 3369, Alternaria alternaria MNHN 843390, Aspergillus fumigates MNHN 566, Aspergillus flavus MNHN 994294). The olive extracts showed an unusual combined antibacterial and antifungal action, which suggest ethyl acetate and acetone extracts revealed a wide range of antimicrobial activity. Keywords: Olea europaea L, antimicrobial activity, antibacterial, antifungal.
Anticipated changes in the emissions of greenhouse gases and ammonia from pork production due to shifts from fattening of barrows towards fattening of boars

Greenhouse gases and of ammonia emissions from pork production will change when fattening of barrows switches towards to fattening of (intact) boars. The results of an accurate feeding experiment allow for the differentiation of the effects on emissions of gender (differentiating in boars, barrows and gilts) and of diet composition. The modified fattening pig module of the agricultural emission model GAS-EM was used to estimate emissions in 2020 when the fattening of barrows will no longer be common practice. The scenarios also reflect the effect of the expected increased weight gains and the related effect of increased numbers of animals produced. The fattening of intact boars as compared to barrows is associated with a reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases and of ammonia per animal. For ammonia, all scenarios result in reduced emissions, most markedly when this shift is combined with increased weight gains. To a lesser extent, this also applies to nitric and nitrous oxide emissions. Methane emissions are less affected; increased weight gains result in increased emissions.As the greenhouse gas balance is dominated by methane emissions, the overall emission of greenhouse gases (expressed as CO2 equivalents) is likely to increase slightly in 2020 despite the reductions in nitrous oxide emissions.
A proof of the lower bound conjecture for convex polytopes.

1* Definitions and preliminary results* If v is a vertex of a d-polytope P then the antistar of v in P, denoted ast(v, P), is the set of all ά-faces of P that miss v, 0 <Ξ k ̂ d — 1. If H is a hyperplane that separates v from the other vertices of P, then P Π H is called the vertex figure of v. If P is simplicial, then the vertex figure of v will be a simplicial (d — 1)-polytope and each &-face of the vertex figure is the intersection of H with a (k + l)-face of P. Let X be a collection of facets of a simple d-polytope P. We say that X is a strong set of facets provided that given any two facets ^ 7 and ̂ n in X there is a sequence ^7, , ̂ of facets in X such that ^ Π ̂ 7+i is a subfacet of P for all 1 ̂ £ <̂ w — 1. A vertex v of X is said to be an exterior vertex of X provided that v belongs to exactly one facet in X. The graph of a polytope is the graph formed by its vertices and edges. A graph is said to be n-connected provided that between any two vertices there are n independent paths (that is, paths that meet only at their endpoints). A theorem of Balinski [1] states that the graph of a d-polytope is ^-connected. The following also follows from Balinski's work.