Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Number sense in school mathematics: student performance in four countries

Document Type Book Publisher Mathematics, Science & Technology Education Centre, Edith Cowan University Place of Publication Perth, Western Australia School Mathematics, Science and Technology Education Centre Comments McIntosh, A. , Reys, B. , Reys, R. , Bana, J., Farrell, B. (1997). Number sense in school mathematics: student performance in four countries. Perth, Australia: Mathematics, Science & Technology Education Centre, Edith Cowan University. Abstract Since 1988 teams of researchers in the United States, Japan and Australia have been involved in a collaborative research project to assess the mental computation ability of their students. The results of this research have been reported elsewhere (Mcintosh, Bana & Farrell 1995; Mcintosh, Nohda, Reys & Reys 1995). The researchers involved were Professors Robert and Barbara Reys of the University of Missouri Columbia, Professor Nobuhiko Nohda of the University of Tsukuba and Alistair Mcintosh, Jack Bana and Brian Farrell of Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia.
Sparsity & Dictionaries - Algorithms & Design

Abstract With the ﬂood of information available today the question how to deal with high dimensional da-ta/signals, which are cumbersome to handle, to calculate with and to store, is highly important.One approach to reducing this ﬂood is to ﬁnd sparse signal representations, as a signal that is thelinear combination of a few elements from a pool of building blocks, can be reduced to the few coeﬃ-cients of this representation. If these building blocks form a basis, ﬁnding the sparse representationposes no problem but unfortunately not many signal classes are sparse in a basis. Taking morebuilding blocks, i.e. a redundant dictionary, increases the chances of having sparse representations,but actually ﬁnding them becomes very hard. This led to the development of numerous strategiesand algorithms for ﬁnding sparse representations, with varying complexity and success rate.The ﬁrst part of the thesis deals with two of those algorithms, Thresholding and Matching Pur-suit, from a more theoretical point of view. It is shown that both those greedy algorithms can beimproved with a little trick, that does not increase their complexity, and that when consideringtheir averageinstead of their worst case performance they perform quite well in comparison to morecomplex methods.The second part of thesis treats questions concerning the whole dictionary and its properties. Firstit gives more evidence that sparsity is useful by extending the concept of compressed sensing tosignals that are sparse not in a basis but in a redundant dictionary. Thus to record a sparse signal itis not necessary to make as many measurements as the dimension of the signal but only a multipleof the number of dictionary elements used to represent it.Next we show that dictionaries cannot only provide sparse representations but that their geometricproperties can also be exploited to model data structures. Here we explain how to model diﬀerentsubclasses of a class of signals by incoherent subspaces, present an algorithm to learn a dictionarymade out of these subspaces and then use it for classiﬁcation of faces.Finally we turn back to the sparse representation problem and study the fundamental question howto ﬁnd a dictionary providing sparse representations. We pick up the idea to learn a dictionary viaminimisation of a continuous cost function and provide conditions, guaranteeing that the decom-position of a collection of training signals into a dictionary and a coeﬃcient matrix constitutes alocalminimum. Wealsoanalysestatisticallywhentheseconditionsarefulﬁlledwithhighprobability. Keywords: sparse representation, redundant dictionary, greedy algorithms, preconditioning,average case analysis, multichannel, compressed sensing, classiﬁcation, dictionary learningvii
PENGARUH FASILITAS BELAJAR BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA

Pendidikan sangat penting bagi kita, negara bisa maju karena orang-orangnya berpendidikan. Keberhasilan pendidikan ditentukan oleh kualaitas pendidikan itu sendiri. Untuk mengetahui kualitas pendidkan diperlukan suatu hasil atau prestasi. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi prestasi adalah fasilitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh fasilitas belajar terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Pengambilan sample menggunakan sistem simple random sampling sebanyak 58 orang dari total populasi keseluruhan sebanyak 70 orang pada jenjang pendidikan formal. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data yaitu menggunakan quisioner, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan analisis regresi linear sederhana. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dan pengujian hipotesis diketahui bahwa kedua variabel yaitu fasilitas belajar (X) dan prestasi belajar siswa (Y) mempunyai pengaruh yang positif, hal ini dibuktikan dengan r = 0,277 dimana pedoman yang digunakan untuk memberikan interpretasi yang dikemukakan oleh Sugiyono berada pada interval 0,20 – 0,399 yang mana termasuk dalam kategori rendah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dikemukakan oleh penulis yang mana terdapat pengaruh antara fasilitas belajar terhadap prestasi belajar dengan kategori rendah, maka perlu ditingkatkan efektifitas penggunaan fasilitas belajar serta dilakukan penelitian lain tentang faktor lain yang mempengaruhi prestasi belajar siswa selain fasilitas belajar.
Human identification using one lead ECG

A new biometric manner is proposed to identify one's identification by electrocardiogram(ECG). In general,electrocardiogram is used to diagnose some cardiopathies.In addition,because the position,size and the thoracic structure of one's heart,and the age,gender,emotion,weight,and motion status of people are different,everyone has a different ECG.The research uses one lead ECG which is of low frequency,one-dimensional signal and is easy to arrange,and the signal is recorded from electrodes on the hands directly which costs low.It utilizes the method of genetic algorithms(GA) and particle swarm optimization(PSO) to modulate the dynamic model parameter and then make synthesized wave shape similar or close to the subject's electrocardiogram.Moreover,it puts the set of parameter into neural networks to recognize personal identity.Experiment shows the accuracy rate of the measurement for thirty subjects reaches 96 %.
Private Schools for the Poor

serve the privileged; everyone else, especially the poor, requires public school. The poor, so this logic goes, need government assistance if they are to get a good education, which helps explain why, in the United States, many school choice enthusiasts believe that the only way the poor can get the education they deserve is through vouchers or charter schools, proxies for those better private or independent schools, paid for with public funds. But if we reflect on these beliefs in a foreign context and observe low-income families in underprivileged and developing countries, we find these assumptions lacking: the poor have found remarkably innovative ways of helping themselves, educationally, and in some of the most destitute places on Earth have managed to nurture a large and growing industry of private schools for themselves. For the past two years I have overseen research on such schools in India, China, and sub-Saharan Africa. The project, feature
Big Data and Social Science: A Practical Guide to Methods and Tools

Both Traditional Students and Working Professionals Acquire the Skills to Analyze Social Problems. Big Data and Social Science: A Practical Guide to Methods and Tools shows how to apply data science to real-world problems in both research and the practice. The book provides practical guidance on combining methods and tools from computer science, statistics, and social science. This concrete approach is illustrated throughout using an important national problem, the quantitative study of innovation. The text draws on the expertise of prominent leaders in statistics, the social sciences, data science, and computer science to teach students how to use modern social science research principles as well as the best analytical and computational tools. It uses a real-world challenge to introduce how these tools are used to identify and capture appropriate data, apply data science models and tools to that data, and recognize and respond to data errors and limitations. For more information, including sample chapters and news, please visit the author's website.
Penerapan model PBL dengan video untuk meningkatkan minat dan prestasi belajar bahasa Indonesia

The purpose of this study: (1) Implementing PBL learning, with video to increase interest and achievement learning Indonesian class VII F SMP Negeri 26 Purworejo on the subject of poetry writing writing. (2) To know the advantages and weaknesses of PBL learning with video to improve interest and achievement of learning Indonesian Class VII F SMP Negeri 26 Purworejo on the subject of Poetical Creative Writing With regard to Natural Beauty. (3) To know the effectiveness of the application of PBL learning model with video in improving the interest and learning achievement Bahasa Indonesia is the subject of creative writing poems related to the natural beauty. Class Action Research (PTK) conducted in Class VII F SMP Negeri 26 Purworejo in the second semester of the Year of Study: 2016/2017. The implementation of this research consists of two cycles. Data collection techniques through achievement test, questionnaire, observation, and interview. Test the validity of the questionnaire instrument using the formula Test reliability of the questionnaire instrument using Alpha Cronbach. Test the effectiveness of PBL applications with video using the Kirk Patrick model program evaluation. The results showed: (1) Implementation of PBL with Video to increase interest and learning achievement of Indonesian language showed average score of student achievement in precycle: 69,87%, cycle I: 77,03% and cycle II: 79,77 % greater than 75% success indicator with KKM: 76.
The correlation between vocabulary size and the three levels of reading comprehension

The present study explored the correlation between vocabulary size and the three levels of reading comprehension namely literal, inferential, and critical reading comprehension. The main intention was to discover what the correlation was between vocabulary size and literal reading comprehension, inferential reading comprehension, and critical reading comprehension in terms of direction and magnitude. The subjects were 30students of English Department at a university in Surabaya. A Vocabulary Size Test and a Reading Comprehension Test were administered to measure the subjects' vocabulary size and reading comprehension performance. The findings revealed that vocabulary size was positively, strongly, and significantly correlated to literal reading comprehension, inferential reading comprehension and critical reading comprehension.
Membangun Jaringan Komputer

Sejak memasyarakatnya Internet dan dipasarkannya sistem operasi Windows95 oleh Microsoft, menghubungkan beberapa komputer baik komputer pribadi (PC) maupun server dengan sebuah jaringan dari jenis LAN (Local Area Network) sampai WAN (Wide Area Network) menjadi sebuah hal yang biasa. Demikian pula dengan konsep "downsizing" maupun "lightsizing" yang bertujuan menekan anggaran belanja khususnya peralatan komputer, maka sebuah jaringan merupakan satu hal yang sangat diperlukan. Dalam makalah ini akan dibahas sebagian komponen yang diperlukan untuk membuat sebuah jaringan komputer.
Students’ intentions to use PBWorks: a factor-based PLS-SEM approach

PurposeWikis, as one of the Web 2.0 tools, has been increasingly used to engage students to learn with others in a collaborative virtual environment. However, there are relatively few studies examining the application of wikis in secondary schools. Therefore, this study aims to investigate factors affecting the use of PBWorks (a popular wiki tool). Design/methodology/approachThe aim was achieved by empirically examining an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) from a sample of 429 junior secondary students in Hong Kong. Specifically, relationships among six latent variables, which were school support, teacher support, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitudes towards use and the intention to use, were posited in the model. The more robust factor-based partial least squares structural equation modelling (factor-based PLS-SEM) was used to test the research model.FindingsThe results indicated that most of the hypotheses were supported, which suggested that the extended TAM could explain the rationale behind students’ intentions to use PBWorks for group projects.Originality/valueThis paper extended the original TAM by including two additional variables (school support and teacher support) for explaining behavioural intentions. Because of the increased use of e-learning platforms in secondary schools, more understanding of what motivates secondary school students’ e-learning intentions is necessary.
Bioactive compounds in fresh and dried ginger root (Zingiber Officinale)

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is known as an additive for food and therapeutic purposes. It can help improve memory, helps eliminate toxins from the body, lowering arterial pressure and cholesterol, and is a good source of many bioactive compounds – phenolic s, vitamins and mineral elements. The aim of study was to determine biological active compounds of fresh and dried ginger in aqueous extracts. Spectrophotometric methods were used for determination content of total phenolic (according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method) and flavonoid compounds (aluminium chloride method) as well as antioxidant activity with DPPH radical. Content of vitamin C was determined by titration with with 2.6-dichlorphenolindophenol. The highest content of phenolic compounds (104.7±4.5 mg GAE 100 g DW) in water extracts was obtained using fresh ginger root; it is for 30% more than from dried root sample. The flavonoid content was higher in the samples obtained from fresh ginger peel (68.74±3.39 mg quercetin equivalent 100 g, DW) and there were not significant differences in the use of fresh or dried ginger root (46.16±2.23 mg quercetin equivalent 100 g on average, DW). Content of vitamin C in aqueous extract from fresh ginger root (4.59±0.98 mg 100 g, DW) was for 21.7% higher than from fresh ginger peel, but there were not significant differences (p>0.05) regarding dried samples (3.43±0.71 mg 100 g, DW). Order of antioxidant activity by free radical scavenging activity in aqueous extracts was as follows: fresh ginger root > dried ginger root > fresh ginger peel > dried ginger peel. The recommendation is that fresh ginger root is more suitable for obtaining a richer extract with the biological active compound, as the drying process affects both the phenol and vitamin C content in the samples and in the extract accordingly.
Effective fusion-based approaches for recommender systems

Recommender systems are important nowadays. With the explosive growth of resources on the Web, users encounter information overload problem. The research issue of recommender systems is a kind of information filtering technique that suggests user-interested items (e.g., movies, books, products, etc.) to solve this problem. Collaborative filtering (CF) is the key approach. Over the decades, recommender systems have been demonstrated important in E-business. Thus designing accurate algorithms for recommender systems has attracted much attention. This thesis is to investigate effective fusion-based approaches for recommender systems. Effective fusion of various features and algorithms becomes important along with the development of recommendation techniques. Because each feature/algorithm has its own advantages and disadvantages. A combination to get the best performance is desired in applications. The fusion-based approaches investigated are from the following four levels. (1) Relational fusion of multiple features for the classical regression task (single measure and dimension). Originally, the task of recommender systems is formulated as a regression task. Many CF algorithms and fusion methods have been proposed. The limitation of previous fusion methods is that only local features are utilized and the global relational dependency is ignored, which would impair the performance of CF. We propose a relational fusion approach based on conditional random fields (CRF) to improve traditional fusion methods by incorporating global relational dependency. (2) Fusion of regression-oriented and ranking-oriented algorithms for multi-measure adaption. Beyond the level of classical regression, ranking the items directly is another important task for recommender systems. A good algorithm should adapt to both regression-oriented and ranking-oriented measures. Traditionally, algorithms separately adapt to a single one, thus they cannot adapt to the other. We propose methods to combine them to improve the performances in both measures. (3) Fusion of quality-based and relevance-based algorithms for multi-dimensional adaption. Recommender systems should consider the performances of multiple dimensions, such as quality and relevance. Traditional algorithms, however, only recommend either high-quality or high-relevance items. But they cannot adapt to the other dimension. We propose both fusion metrics and fusion approaches to effectively combine multiple dimensions for better performance in multi-dimensional recommendations. (4) Investigation of impression efficiency optimization in recommendation. Besides performance, impression efficiency, which describes how much profit can be obtained per impression of recommendation, is also a very important issue. From recent study, over-quantity recommendation impression is intrusive to users. Thus the impression efficiency should be formulated and optimized. But this issue has rarely been investigated. We formulate the issue under the classical secretary problem framework and extend an online secretary algorithm to solve it.
The Impact of High Stakes Testing on Curriculum, Teaching, and Learning

Research suggests that high stakes testing impacts teachers’ decisions regarding curriculum and instruction, which, in turn, impacts student learning. Because Virginia administered SOL tests for Computer/Technology, then discontinued them, a study was possible comparing teachers’ perceptions and actual student achievement of those taught while the high-stakes tests were in place and those taught after the tests were discontinued. A survey was administered to all elementary and middle school classroom teachers in a midsize urban Virginia school division to determine their perceptions of the effects of high-stakes testing. Cross tabulations were performed based upon: school level; on whether the teacher had taught prior to, or only after, the SOL tests were implemented; and whether the teacher perceived he/she was teaching a high or low percentage of lower socio-economic status (SES) students. In addition to the survey, the 2002 versions of the Virginia Computer/Technology Standards of Learning (C/T SOL) assessments were administered to all 2005 fifth and eighth grade students within the same school division. Statistical comparisons of the means of raw scores from the 2002 fifth (n = 625) and eighth (n = 641) grade groups and the 2005 fifth (n = 583) and eighth (n = 522) grade groups were conducted. Comparisons were also conducted on scores from each test between groups of students who qualified for free and reduced price lunches and those that did not qualify. Finally, statistical comparisons were made between the scaled scores of students who were eighth graders in 2005 (n = 397) and their scaled scores as fifth graders when tested in 2002. The study found a majority of teachers felt high-stakes testing creates pressure and changes the focus of instruction to tested areas at the expense of other activities and non-tested content. When the means of the scores of students who took the C/T SOL tests in 2002 were compared to those from 2005, the scores for the students taught under the high-stakes testing pressure were significantly better than those tested in 2005. Further, this gap in student achievement was more pronounced for lower SES students, suggesting a widening of the “digital divide. ”
CMOS microelectrode array for bidirectional interaction with neuronal networks

We report on a microelectrode array for bidirectional communication (stimulation and recording) with electrogenic cells, for e.g., observing neuronal information processing in vitro. The chip overcomes the interconnect challenge that limits today's bidirectional microelectrode arrays. The array has been fabricated in industrial CMOS-technology with post-CMOS processing and comprises all necessary control circuitry and on-chip A/D-conversion. Measurements from neural cell cultures with amplitudes of 500 /spl mu/V are presented.
Effects of Mathematics Content Knowledge on Mathematics Pedagogical Content Knowledge.

Introduction Content knowledge (CK), includes knowledge of the subject and its organizing structures (Shulman, 1986; Wilson et al, 1987). Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) includes an understanding of how a student learns a subject, as well as how to design and manage the learning process (Shulman, 1986; Magnussan et al, 1999). A significant factor affecting teaching and learning process is teachers’ content knowledge (Ahn & Choi, 2004). However, CK itself is not sufficient for effective instruction and teachers should also have deep and broad-ranging PCK (An et al, 2004; Ball et al, 2008; Kahan et al, 2003). Accordingly, researchers have pointed out that mathematics pedagogical content knowledge (MPCK) is directly correlated with mathematics content knowledge (MCK), and teachers should thoroughly master the mathematical meaning of the concepts so that they can form conceptually correct representations and explanations (Borko & Putnam, 1996; Ma, 1999; McDiarmid et al, 1989). Although teacher training and professional practices have important effects on teachers’ profes-
Hemşin Kuzularında büyüme ve bazı vücut ölçülerinin belirlenmesi

Bu arastirma Hemsin kuzularinda buyume ve bazi vucut olculerinin belirlenmesi amaciyla yapilmistir. Arastirma, Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Egitim, Arastirma ve Uygulama Ciftligi Koyunculuk Unitesinde gerceklestirilmistir. Arastirmadaki kuzular Artvin Ili Ardanuc Ilcesi’nden kayitli yetistiricilik yapan bir yetistiriciden satin alinmistir. Arastirmada 77 bas Hemsin kuzusu kullanilmistir. Kuzularin canli agirliklari ve vucut olculeri dogumundan 180. gune kadar 30 gun araliklarla alinmistir. Kuzularin dogum, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 ve 180. gun canli agirliklarina iliskin en kucuk kareler ortalamalari sirasiyla 4.10, 14.45, 23.49, 27.44, 29.97, 34.39 ve 38.97 kg olarak belirlenmistir. Dogum, 150 ve 180. gun canli agirliklarina cinsiyetin (P<0.01, P<0.001), 30. gun canli agirligina dogum tipinin (P<0.05), 120. gun canli agirligina ana yasinin (P<0.05) etkisinin istatistiki olarak onemli oldugu belirlenmistir. Sonuc olarak, Hemsin kuzularinin buyume ozelliklerine ait degerler farkli irklar ile yapilan diger arastirmalar ile karsilastirildiginda genel olarak yuksek ve benzer oldugu soylenebilir.