Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High ‐ throughput identificationof factorspromotingneuronal differentiation of human neural progenitor cells inmicroscale 3 D cell culture

Funding information National Institutes of Health, Grant/Award Number: ES020903; New York State Stem Cell Science Program Abstract Identification of conditions for guided and specific differentiation of human stem cell and progenitor cells is important for continued development and engineering of in vitro cell culture systems for use in regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and human toxicology. Three‐dimensional (3D) and organotypic cell culture models have been used increasingly for in vitro cell culture because they may better model endogenous tissue environments. However, detailed studies of stem cell differentiation within 3D cultures remain limited, particularly with respect to high‐throughput screening. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a microarray chip‐based platform to screen, in high‐throughput, individual and paired effects of 12 soluble factors on the neuronal differentiation of a human neural progenitor cell line (ReNcell VM) encapsulated in microscale 3D Matrigel cultures. Dose–response analysis of selected combinations from the initial combinatorial screen revealed that the combined treatment of all‐trans retinoic acid (RA) with the glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor CHIR‐99021 (CHIR) enhances neurogenesis while simultaneously decreases astrocyte differentiation, whereas the combined treatment of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and the small azide neuropathiazol enhances the differentiation into neurons and astrocytes. Subtype specification analysis of RA‐ and CHIR‐differentiated cultures revealed that enhanced neurogenesis was not biased toward a specific neuronal subtype. Together, these results demonstrate a high‐throughput screening platform for rapid evaluation of differentiation conditions in a 3D environment, which will aid the development and application of 3D stem cell culture models.
DEVELOPMENT OF ANTHERS AND POLLEN IN BRAZILIAN HETEROSTYLIC SPECIES OF ERYTHROXYLUM ( ERYTHROXYLACEAE ) : AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH

This study describes the development of anthers and pollen in heterostylic flowers of two species of Erythroxylum. The features of anthers and their developmental pattern, which is of the dicotyledonous type, do not vary according to morphs or species. The pollen grains of both morphs show differences in their morphology, development, and content stored as a reserve source. In both species, thrum (short-styled) flowers presented bicellular pollen grains, while pin (long-styled) ones yielded biand tricellular pollen grains. The presence of inviable pollen grains in the two flower morphs of both species and the malformation of one of the four microsporanges in the thrum flowers of E. campestre are noteworthy. We verified that features found both in the anther wall and in the pollen grains could be related to the reproductive success and adaptation of the species to the Brazilian savanna biome.
STUDY OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTION WITH DEFORMARLE ELEMENTS

In the frame of the sliding filament theory of Huxley [22], a mathematical model related to the muscle contraction is proposed. This model takes into account the deformability of the constituting elements of the muscle. A locai existence theorem is proved for the solution in a simplified situation. A numeri cai scheme is devised for the approximation of the problem and the related graphical results are described.
METHOTREXATE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN PATIENTS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Objective: To find out methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in patients of rheumatoid arthritis treated for 6 months with methotrexate 15 mg once weekly. Material and Methods: This non-interventional, descriptive study was carried out on 50 diagnosed Rheumatoid Arthritis patients of more than 12 years of age, irrespective of sex, presented to medical outpatient department of Post Graduate Medical Institute, Govt. Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from January to December 2004. These patients were treated with methotrexate 15 mg once weekly and followed up for 06 months with monthly liver function tests (LFTs). Patients were selected by non-probability convenient sampling method after obtaining an informed consent. Results: Out of the 50 diagnosed cases of rheumatoid arthritis patients, females were 32(64%) and males were 18 (36%), with age range from 20 to 80 years and mean age 46.4 years. Baseline mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 24.78 U/L (SD + 4.89) and baseline mean Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) was 170.14 ( SD + 21.12). During he follow-up initially 10 cases ( 20%) had raised ALT and ALP levels while bilirubin remained normal in all cases. Out of these 10 cases, 8 cases remained stable and only 2 cases had persistently raised LFTs and had to discontinue methotrexate. At 6 months mean ALT and ALP were 26.74 U/L (+10.79) and 184.02 (+ 74.7) respectively. Conclusion: Methotrexate (MXT) can be hepatotoxic and close monitoring is essential to reduce the risk of unrecognized serious liver disease.
Title: Value Orientations and the Selection of Cross-Border Managers: An Investigation of Construct Validity Using Structural Equation Modelling Author: A. Fish, R. Bhanugopan and J. Cogin

This paper tests the extrapolative and interrelated nature of a two-dimensional bipolar values taxonomy. The taxonomy provides a basis for sourcing information as to the potential cultural and business suitability of managers for cross-border assignments. Three dimensions were identified on both elements of the taxonomy. Initial results; including CFA and canonical correlations to test the measurement fit, were reported in Fish, Bhanugopan and Cogin (2008 – in press). Significant relationships were identified. A Structural Equation Model (LISREL 8.80) is presented here which further assesses the statistical properties of the identified value dimensions. Results were shown to be significant (p < .001). Findings appear to support the application of the taxonomy as a source important information as to the cultural and business suitability of managers for (i) cross border assignments per se; as well as, (ii) different types of cross-border assignments.
Title: Alternative Corporate Governance Paradigm and Corporate Financing: Capital Structure Choice in Employee-governed Firm

Assuming an alternative corporate governance paradigm that puts employees in the firm’s governance structures, as well as understanding their objective functions, we investigate the corporate capital structure choice. Examining corporate capital structure decisions in 12 European countries, we provide strong empirical evidence that employee-governed firms operate with lower leverage compared to the firms governed by other stakeholders. We found negative correlation of leverage to employees’ entrenchment and employees’ ownership rights. But in contrast to the expectations, we found that firm’s leverage is, except in the UK, negatively associated with ownership concentration and the effectiveness of monitoring. Besides, we found that employee-governed firms tend to be less levered at the same amount of earnings volatility than the firms governed by other stakeholders.
Investment Bank Governance and Client Relationships

The relational contract at the heart of an investment banking relationship is valuable because it engenders and requires mutual trust in a setting where conflicts of interest are significant and are not easily resolved through formal contract. But a bank’s ability to commit to a relational contract depends on internal governance mechanisms that align the interests of individual bankers with those of the bank. We argue that increasing complexity in investment banks weakens internal governance and estimate a causal model that indicates that the likelihood of a relationship being broken is increasing in bank complexity.
A Hypothesis on the Etiology of Hyperactivity, With a Pilot Study Report of Related Nondrug Therapy

The growing number of hyperactive children in our practices has caused many of us to look about for alternatives to medication therapy. Our recent experience in one such technique prompts this letter. We hypothesize that hyperactivity may make its first appearance in the toddler or preschool child, but is detectable from early infancy. The tense, colicky, hypertonic infant seems to be the infantile precursor to the hyperactive older child. We consider that both are the result of a chronic state of arousal manifested in these children as increased activity level and muscular tension and later by frantic limit testing at home and behavior and learning problems at school.
Negociating curriculum : Learning-Service in included school

This article analyzes the planning and implementation of a Service-Learning(SL) as a curricular practice. The aim of this study is to describe the development of the SL project as a curricular practice linked to the territory and to analyze the curriculum negotiation strategies and student participation in the educational practice. Methodologically, it is a case study with an ethnographic approach, where have been used qualitative tools such as participant observation, interviews and focus groups, documentary analysis and the research diary. The results show the process of negotiation and development of the SL practice carried out among all sectors of the educational community. It was through the use of cooperative dynamics and participatory social diagnosis such as social cartography, cooperative learning and classroom assemblies. In addition, the main participatory strategies developed by students are highlighted, such as those that facilitate their own voice in a collaborative work, like theater or mockups, and others oriented towards the knowledge mobilization using social networks. Discussion section emphasizes the relevance and educational value of this experience of participation and democratic negotiation of the curriculum due to the few initiatives that exist in this regard and the fact of reconciling it with the interests of the territory.
Pixel-Wise Confidences for Stereo Disparities Using Recurrent Neural Networks

One of the inherent problems with stereo disparity estimation algorithms is the lack of reliability information for the computed disparities. As a consequence, errors from the initial disparity maps are propagated to the following processing steps such as view rendering. Nowadays, conﬁdence measures belong to the most popular techniques because of their capability to detect disparity outliers. Recently, convolutional neural network based conﬁdence measures achieved best results by directly processing initial disparity maps. In contrast to existing convolutional neural network based methods, we propose a novel recurrent neural network architecture to compute conﬁdences for different stereo matching algorithms. To maintain a low complexity the conﬁdence for a given pixel is purely computed from its associated matching costs without considering any additional neighbouring pixels. As compared to the state-of-the-art conﬁdence prediction methods leveraging convolutional neural networks, the proposed network is simpler and smaller in terms of size (reduction of the number of trainable parameters by almost 3-4 orders of magnitude). Moreover, the experimental results on three well-known datasets as well as with two popular stereo algorithms clearly highlight that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art conﬁdence estimation techniques.
An Investigation of the Epistemological Beliefs of Prospective Teachers in Terms of Certain Variable

Epistemological beliefs refer to the systems of the certainty of knowledge, the source of knowledge, the creation of knowledge by the individuals, the acquisition of knowledge and subjective beliefs about the structure of knowledge. They influence the decisions and choices of a teacher in teaching methods, classroom management, and so on. In this regard, it is of great importance to analyze the epistemological beliefs of prospective teachers in terms of several variables and to present a general framework. The objective of this study is the investigation of the epistemological beliefs of prospective teachers in terms of certain variable. Descriptive survey model was used in this research. 426 prospective teachers participated in the research. Personal Information Form, and "Epistemological Beliefs Scale" were used as data collection tool in this study. Descriptive statistics and multivariate variance analyses methods were used (MANOVA) for the analysis of the data obtained. Following the research, it was observed that the opinions of prospective teachers concerning the Epistemological Beliefs Scale were as “partially I agree”. No significant difference was observed between the Epistemological Beliefs scores of the prospective teachers in terms of gender, however significant difference was observed in terms of their class levels, department and university entrance score type variables. Various recommendations have been developed based upon the findings.
Stock Market Capitalization , Foreign Direct Investment and Stock Market Performance : A Comparative Study of Ghana and Nigeria

the study assesses the impact of stock market capitalization and foreign direct investment in stock market performance for the period of 1996 to 2017 in a comparative study of Ghana and Nigeria. The study used both panel and time-series approaches and methodologies such as unit root tests, cointegration tests, vector error correction model, dynamic ordinary least square, generalized least square, multiple linear regression (random and fixed effects) models and granger causality tests to make its statistical inference. The study concludes that stock market capitalization and foreign direct investment have a negative impact on stock market performance in a panel study, but both have positive impact on stock market performance in Ghana and Nigeria respectively. The study recommends further look into the areas for validation.
JPEG-resistant Adversarial Images

Several papers have explored the use of JPEG compression as a defense against adversarial images [3, 2, 5]. In this work, we show that we can generate adversarial images which survive JPEG compression, by including a differentiable approximation to JPEG in the target model. By ensembling multiple target models employing varying levels of compression, we generate adversarial images with up to 691× greater success rate than the baseline method on a model using JPEG as defense.
The elephant's foot : prevention and care of foot conditions in captive Asian and African elephants

The context of elephant foot care approaches to routine foot care common elephant foot conditions and their treatment surgical intervention for elephant foot disease antibiotic and anti-inflammatory dosages for elephants conclusions and recommendations Appendix I: American Zoo and Aquarium Association Elephant Management Guidelines Appendix II: results of a survey of elephant foot condition and care in North America.
Unit Root Test ing in ARMA Models : A Likel ihood Rat io Approach *

In this paper I propose a Likelihood Ratio test for a unit root (LR) with a local-to-unity Autoregressive parameter embedded in ARMA(1,1) models. By dealing explicitly with dependence in a time series through the Moving Average, as opposed to the long Autorregresive lag approximation, the test shows gains in power and has good small-sample properties. The asymptotic distribution of the test is shown to be independent of the short-run parameters. The Monte Carlo experiments show that the LR test has higher power than the Augmented Dickey Fuller test for several sample sizes and true values of the Moving Average parameter. The exception is the case when this parameter is very close to -1 with a considerably small sample size.
Overall Governance and Cost of Capital : Evidence From Canada Using Panel Data

The governance-performance relationship literature has recently evolved from studies that use one or multiple governance attributes to studies that employ holistic governance ratings or indexes. The findings of US and Canadian studies are mixed or conflicting and as a result, it is difficult to draw any firm conclusion on the association between corporate governance scores and firm performance. Tobin’s Q has been extensively used as a proxy for firm performance or value. However, the use of Q is subject to more and more criticism. Therefore, the objective of this study is to further investigate the governanceperformance relationship while proposing an alternative measure of firm performance: the weightedaverage cost of capital (WACC). This research is conducted in Canada over a four-year period from 2002 to 2005 and uses panel data from 155 firms or 517 firm-year observations. Corporate governance is measured based on the ROB corporate governance index published by The Globe and Mail. Using fixed effects regressions in a 2SLS framework, we find strong evidence that the cost of capital decreases as the quality of corporate governance practices increases. Canadian firms with higher ROB scores have lower WACC.
Study on large scale projectile impact point positioning method based on trajectory shock wave

With multiple nodes of single acoustic sensor layed around the target, the ballistic shock wave signal of the projectile generated before hitting the ground can be detected at different locations. The trajectory can be estimated by measuring the time difference between the signal of different nodes, and the impact point can be coordinated by crossing the trajectory with the target. In this article, the projectile impact point positioning model is parameterised and fomulated by nonlinear equations with six patameters, and it can be solved by means of nonlinear least square (NLS) method. By means of Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) analysis, measurement error distribution by different incident angle and different impact location is calculated, and also, parameter of exterior ballistics model and wind vector is under consideration.
Microbiological evaluation and chemical composition of organic extracts from Euphorbia aff . viridis ( Klotzsch & Garcke ) Boiss on Staphylococcus Aureus , Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Escherichia Coli 1 Introduction

Euphorbia aff. viridis (Klotzsch Garcke) Boiss. a plant species belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, is one of the most diverse of the American continent, and is used in multiple treatments in ancestral medicine. In the present study, organic compounds extracted from the leaves of the plant were analyzed. The description and taxonomic classification of the plant was established. For the phytochemical study, phenols, tannins, saponins, coumarins, lactones and flavonoids were analyzed, and positive results were observed for each chemical compound with the exception of alkaloid compounds. The chemical characterization by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry GC-MS, showed 36,66% lanosterol, 12,25% β-sitosterol, 5,11% 3−β− cholest − 4− en− 3− ol, 4,73% hexadecanoic acid as major elements. The microbiological assay of ethanolic extracts showed a 44% inhibition percentage on Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC70693) and 43% on Escherichia coli (ATCC10536) with an MIC of 30μl/ml for each strain, and a negative inhibition result was observed for Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC24213). The organic extracts of Euphorbia aff. viridis (Klotzsch Garcke) Boiss. presented antimicrobial activity being able to observe their potential use as antimicrobial agents.
somatic genome engineering in Drosophila An optimized CRISPR / Cas toolbox for efficient germline and

The type II CRISPR/Cas system has recently emerged as a powerful method to manipulate the genomes of various organisms. Here, we report a novel toolbox for high efficiency genome engineering of Drosophila melanogaster consisting of transgenic Cas9 lines and versatile guide RNA (gRNA) expression plasmids. Systematic evaluation reveals Cas9 lines with ubiquitous or germline restricted patterns of activity. We also demonstrate differential activity of the same gRNA expressed from different U6 snRNA promoters, with the previously untested U6:3 promoter giving the most potent effect. Choosing an appropriate combination of Cas9 and gRNA allows targeting of essential and non-essential genes with transmission rates ranging from 25% 100%. We also provide evidence that our optimized CRISPR/Cas tools can be used for offset nicking-based mutagenesis and, in combination with oligonucleotide donors, to precisely edit the genome by homologous recombination with efficiencies that do not require the use of visible markers. Lastly, we demonstrate a novel application of CRISPR/Cas-mediated technology in revealing loss-of-function phenotypes in somatic cells following efficient biallelic targeting by Cas9 expressed in a ubiquitous or tissue-restricted manner. In summary, our CRISPR/Cas tools will facilitate the rapid evaluation of mutant phenotypes of specific genes and the precise modification of the genome with single nucleotide precision. Our results also pave the way for high throughput genetic screening with CRISPR/Cas. on September 18, 2014 http://biorxiv.org/ Downloaded from
Re-examining Instruction Reuse in Pre-execution Approaches

Long-latency cache accesses cause significant, performance impacting delays for both in-order and out-of-order processors. One method proposed to tolerate these long latency accesses, runahead pre-execution, has been shown to produce speedups for both models of execution through increased overlap of data memory accesses. However, the reuse of pre-execution results in an out-of-order runahead processor has previously been shown to provide little additional benefit compared to a simpler prefetching-only pre-execution model. This paper examines runahead pre-execution and the reuse of results for both in-order and out-of-order pre-execution models. As previous research has shown, result reuse on an out-of-order runahead model provides minimal speedups when compared to simple out-oforder runahead. For a selection of SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks, the reproduced results show average speedups of 1.03X and a best case speedup of 1.12X. However, these results do not provide a valid picture of the benefits of result reuse for in-order runahead processors. The fundamentally different behavior of in-order and out-of-order processors greatly affects the performance impact of pre-executionuted instruction reuse. In fact, the addition of reuse to the in-order runahead model results in average speedups of 1.09X and a 1.47X speedup in the best case.
Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography # 19 . 27 A shot in the dark ? Policy influence on cluster networks

Cluster policies are often intended and designed to promote interaction in R&D among colocated organisations, as local knowledge interactions are perceived to be underdeveloped. In contrast to the popularity of the policy measure little is known about its impact on knowledge networks, because most scientific evaluations focus on impacts at the firm level. Using the example of the BioRegio contest, we explore cluster policy effects on local patent co-application and co-invention networks observed from 1985 to 2013, in 13 German regions. We find that the initiative increases network size and innovation activities during the funding period but not afterwards. The impact of the BioRegio contest on network cohesion is moderate. In contrast, general project-based R&D subsidisation is found to support cohesion more robustly.