Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF JOB DESIGN ON EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION LEVELS IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN KENYA; A CASE STUDY OF MOUNT KENYA UNIVERSITY.

Many managers in Kenya and around the world are faced with the problem of determining if employees are satisfied with their jobs. There is need to determine if the way a job is designed has an impact on an employee’s satisfaction level. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of job design on employee satisfaction levels in private universities in Kenya, using Mount Kenya University as a case. The study used a case study research design to allow detailed examination of a single subject group and make conclusions. The study covered a sample of 89 respondents drawn from a total population of 176 employees of Mount Kenya University, Thika Campus. The sample was selected through stratified sampling techniques. Primary data was collected through the use of questionnaires. A pilot study was undertaken on nine employees to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. The qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. Qualitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistical tool namely frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation while inferential statistical tools such as correlation and regression were used to determine and explain relationships between variables. From the findings of the regression analysis, The R square value is 0.627 which clearly suggests that there is a strong relationship between Job Satisfaction and Job Enlargement, Job Enrichment and Job Rotation. This indicates that the Job Enlargement, Job Enrichment and Job Rotation share a variation of 62.7 % of Job Satisfaction. The remaining 37% implies that there are other factors that have not been studied in this research that affect employee Job Satisfaction levels at Mount Kenya University. The results of the ANOVA test show that the mean square is 1.618 and the F-test result was 32.514 with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05 level of significance. Therefore a significant relationship was present between the independent variables (Job Enlargement, Job Enrichment and Job Rotation) and the dependent variable (Job Satisfaction). The most important independent variable in the regression model was Job Enlargement as it had the highest Beta value of 0.474, followed by Job Enrichment with a Beta value of 0.467 and lastly Job Rotation with a beta of 0.395. The study found out that job design affects employee satisfaction levels in Mount Kenya University, both variables move in the same direction, good job design brings more job satisfaction and bad job design brings job dissatisfaction for the employee. The study recommends that employees should be optimally utilized at the workplace though employers should be careful not to overwork their employees. It also recommends that job rotation should be done as a routine and employers should consider giving employees some sort of control over their work and more discretion over how it gets done.
Social Stratification of Education by Ethnic Minority Groups over Generations in the UK

A large body of research has been conducted both on the social stratification of education at the general level and on the educational attainments of ethnic minority groups in the UK. The former has established the increasing fluidity in the class–education association, without paying much attention to ethnicity, whilst the latter has shown reinvigorated aspirations by the second generation without fine-grained analyses. This paper adds to this literature by examining the relationship between family class, ethno-generational status and educational attainment for various 1st, 1.5, 2nd, 2.5, 3rd and 4th generations in contemporary UK society. Using data from Understanding Society, we study the educational attainment of different ethno-generational groups. Our analysis shows high educational selectivity among the earlier generations, a disruptive process for the 1.5 generation, high second-generation achievement, and a ‘convergence toward the mean’ for later generations. Parental class generally operates in a similar way for the ethno-generational groups and for the majority population, yet some minority ethnic groups of salariat origins do not benefit from parental advantages as easily. An ‘elite, middle and lower’ structure manifests itself in the intergenerational transmission of advantage in educational attainment. This paper thus reveals new features of class-ethno relations hitherto unavailable in UK research.
DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL ALLOMETRIC EQUATION TO ESTIMATE TOTAL ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS IN PAPUA TROPICAL FOREST

Recently, pantropical allometric equations have been commonly used across the globe to estimate the aboveground biomass of the forests, including in Indonesia. However, in relation to regional differences in diameter, height and wood density, the lack of data measured, particularly from eastern part of Indonesia, may raise the question on accuracy of pantropical allometric in such area. Hence, this paper examines the differences of local allometric equations of Papua Island with equations developed by Chave and his research groups. Measurements of biomass in this study were conducted directly based on weighing and destructive samplings. Results show that the most appropriate local equation to estimate total aboveground biomass in Papua tropical forest is Log(TAGB) = -0.267 + 2.23 Log(DBH) +0.649 Log(WD) (CF=1.013; VIF=1.6; R2= 95%; R2-adj= 95.1%; RMSE= 0.149; P<0.001). This equation is also a better option in comparison to those of previously published pantropical equations with only 6.47% average deviation and 5.37 points of relative bias. This finding implies that the locally developed equation should be a better option to produce more accurate site specific total aboveground biomass estimation.
MPPT Schemes for PV System under Normal and Partial Shading Condition: A Review

The photovoltaic system is one of the renewable energy device, which directly converts solar radiation into electricity. The I-V characteristics of PV system are nonlinear in nature and under variable Irradiance and temperature, PV system has a single operating point where the power output is maximum, known as Maximum Power Point (MPP) and the point varies on changes in atmospheric conditions and electrical load. Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) is used to track MPP of solar PV system for maximum efficiency operation. The various MPPT techniques together with implementation are reported in literature. In order to choose the best technique based upon the requirements, comprehensive and comparative study should be available. The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of various MPPT techniques for uniform insolation and partial shading conditions. Furthermore, the comparison of practically accepted and widely used techniques has been made based on features, such as control strategy, type of circuitry, number of control variables and cost. This review work provides a quick analysis and design help for PV systems. Article History : Received March 14, 2016; Received in revised form June 26 th 2016; Accepted July 1 st 2016; Available online How to Cite This Article : Sameeullah, M. and Swarup, A. (2016). MPPT Schemes for PV System under Normal and Partial Shading Condition: A Review. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development , 5(2), 79-94. http://dx.doi. org/10.14710/ijred.5. 2.79-94
DO THE STUDENTS FROM DIFFERENT MAJORS DIFFER IN MOTIVATION TYPE TOWARDS LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE ?

This study aims to investigate whether students from different majors differ in motivation type towards learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL). While the motivation type was the independent variable, the major that students were studying was the dependent one in this research. The participants of this study were 170 students from five different majors at a foundation university in Istanbul, Turkey. The participants were asked to answer a 20-item questionnaire which aimed to identify if they would show difference in integrative and instrumental motivation towards learning EFL. The collected data was analysed through SPSS. The results demonstrated that the students studying different majors did not differ in integrative motivation towards learning EFL. However they differed in instrumental motivation. Students from Aviation Technology program had higher instrumental motivation than students from Psychological and Counselling Guidance and Nursing programs. It is discussed that EFL has an important role for students studying at ATP to understand the materials of the major they study and to find a job after graduating. It is expected that the findings will be a source for EFL instructors and the institution to use the appropriate materials and strategies to motivate their students.
Teachers’ Reflective Teaching and Self-Efficacy as Predicators of their Professional Success: A Case of Iranian EFL Teachers

Language teacher’s professional successes has become a very important topic in SLA specially after the introduction of post-method era. Furthermore, L2 teacher’s professional successes can be influenced by some traits of the teachers including self-efficacy and way of teaching. The present study, therefore, was an attempt to investigate whether Iranian EFL teachers’ reflective teaching and their self-efficacy can predict their professional success. Twenty-eight male and female EFL teachers were asked to fill out the questionnaires of Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale and Reflective Teaching Questionnaire. Then, 168 male and female EFL learners with the age range of 18-32 from three branches of Safir language institute in Tehran were randomly selected out of the teachers’ students. This initial sample included more than 400 EFL students. In the next step, the selected learners were asked to fill out the Teachers’ Professional Success Survey. The data analysis using multiple regression revealed that both self-efficacy and reflective teaching could relatively predict EFL teachers’ professional success. Secondly, the results revealed that there was not any significant difference between the prediction ability of the two variables aforementioned in predicting teachers’ success from the point of view of their students. The findings of the present suggest that EFL teachers should enhance their self-efficacy and reflective teaching to increase their professional success.
MINERALOGICAL AND STABLE ISOTOPIC STUDY OF ANCIENT WHITE MARBLE QUARRIES IN LARISA, THESSALY, GREECE

The present work focuses on the white marbles which were extracted in Larisa prefecture, Central Greece, during the antiquity. Three characteristic ancient quarries, which are located in the Kastri village (Aghia area), in Kalochori (Sykourio area) and in Gonnoi (Tembi area), were selected for the present study. Data obtained from the extraction techniques are combined with the geological, mineralogical and stable isotopic features in order to determine these marble ancient sources. The average δ 13 C and δ 18 O values of the Kastri marble are +2.80‰ and 4.51‰ and of the Kalochori marble +0.87‰ and –8.33‰. At Gonnoi ancient quarrying sites, the isotopic results are heterogeneous: +1.05‰ δ 13
On The Calibration of Probability Judgments: Some Critical Comments and Alternative Perspectives

Calibration of probability judgments has attracted in recent years an increasing number of researchers as re ected by an expanding number of articles in the literature on judgment and decision making. The underlying fundamental question that stimulated this line of research concerns the standards by which probability judgments could (or should) be assessed and evaluated. The most common (though certainly not exclusive) accepted criterion is what has been termed `calibration', the roots of which can be traced in the well-known Brier score (Brier, 1950) and subsequent modi®cations (e.g. Murphy, 1973; Yates, 1982, 1988). Two main criteria that evolved from this line of research are customarily referred to as calibration and resolution. Calibration (or reliability) supposedly measures the accuracy of probability judgments whereas resolution measures the diagnosticity (or discriminability) of these judgments. The two major substantive and pervasive ®ndings (e.g. Lichtenstein, Fischho, and Phillips, 1982; Keren, 1991) are overcon®dence and the interaction between the amount of overcon®dence and diculty of the task, the so-called hard±easy eect. Several problems have been raised with regard to research on calibration, and in this commentary l would like to focus on three of them. First, calibration studies assume (implicitly or explicitly) that probabilities are subjective (e.g. Lichtenstein, Fischho, and Phillips, 1982) yet evaluate them by a frequentistic criterion (Gigerenzer, 1991; Keren, 1991). The validity of such a procedure remains controversial. A second problem concerns the possible tradeo between calibration and resolution. Yates (1982) noted that calibration and resolution are not completely independent of each other, and Keren (1991) claimed that the requirements for maximizing calibration (i.e. minimizing the discrepancies between probability judgments and the corresponding reality) and achieving high resolution may often be incompatible. A similar point has been recently made by Yaniv and Foster (1995), who studied the evaluation of interval judgments. A third problem concerns the analysis and interpretation of calibration studies. Speci®cally, Erev, Wallsten, and Budescu (1994) have eloquently described the importance of regression toward the mean in interpreting calibration studies. Similar conclusions have been reached independently by Pfeifer (1994). In a nutshell, the contribution of the papers by Erev et al. and Pfeifer is in pointing out that both overcon®dence and the hard±easy eect may, at least to some degree, be an artifact due to regression toward the mean. In re ecting on the articles in this special volume, I will focus on these three issues and examine how they are treated by the dierent authors. I will end this commentary by raising the question of what has been learned from thirty years of research on calibration of probabilities, and will oer a brief (and somewhat skeptical) answer to the question.
Methane in the northern Atlantic controlled by microbial oxidation and atmospheric history

During May ‐ August, 1997, the distributions of dissolved methane and CCl3F (CFC11) were measured in the Atlantic between 50° and 60°N. In surface waters throughout the region, methane was observed to be close to equilibrium with the atmospheric mixing ratio, implying that surface ocean methane is tracking its atmospheric history in regions of North Atlantic Deep Water formation. Despite the different atmospheric history and ocean chemistry of CH4 and CFC11, their spatial distribution patterns in the water column are remarkably similar. One‐dimensional distributions have been simulated with an advection‐diffusion model forced by the atmospheric histories. The results suggest that the similar patterns result from the increasing input of CH4 and CFC11 to newly formed deep waters over time, combined with the effect of horizontal mixing and the oxidation of methane on a 50 year time scale.
Speciation and solubility modeling of actinides in the waste isolation pilot plant

The WIPP geochemical model uses the Pitzer equations coupled to a thermodynamic database to carry out speciation and solubility calculations for the actinides in the +III, +IV, and +V oxidation states in aqueous systems composed of Na + -K+-Mg2+-Ca2+-SO 4 2- -OH - -CO 3 2- -HCO 3 - -H 2 O-acetate-cit-rate-oxalate-EDTA. The WIPP database incorporates results for actinide speciation and complexation work carried out primarily at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Germany) and Florida State University. Calculations are performed at Sandia National Laboratories with the code FMT, using the Harvie-Moller-Weare database, and parameters that were developed specifically for actinides in high ionic strength aqueous solutions. This paper describes derivation of the thermodynamic database, and provides normalized standard chemical potentials and Pitzer parameters for modeling An(III, IV, and V) speciation and solubility in brines.
Effect of shoes containing nanosilica particles on knee valgus in active females during landing

Objective(s): The effect of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) in sport shoes outsoles on the parameters related to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Injury has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of shoes outsole containing a composite of thermoplastic elastomer based on styrene-butadiene and silica nanoparticles (TPEN shoe) on Knee Valgus Angle (KVA) as a risk factor of ACL injuries during landing Materials and Methods: Fourteen active healthy women without knee injuries and disorders performed bilateral drop jump (DJ) and single leg drop landing (SLL) tasks in barefoot, wearing shoes fabricated with polyvinyl chloride outsole (PVC shoe) and TPEN shoes conditions , randomly. The knee valgus angle values of right and left legs were calculated in the landing conditions. Two factors repeated measures ANOVA were used to investigate the effect of landing and footwear conditions on KVA of right and left legs. Results: For both left and right limbs, the KVA was at maximum and minimum values during landing with barefoot and TPEN shoes, respectively. PVC shoe significantly reduced the knee valgus by 3.84% in left and 4.18% in right knee (P<0.05) as compared to barefoot landing. In a similar pattern, TPEN shoe significantly reduced the knee valgus compared to barefoot by 7.82% and 9.71% in left and right limbs, respectively. Moreover, the knee valgus during DJ was significantly increased as compared to SLL condition (P<0.05). Conclusion: Shod landing and specially TPEN shoe decreases KVA compared to barefoot. Our results suggested that using SNPs could produce some viscoelasticity property and a better joint movement control in shoe outsoles which can reduce KVA and consequent reduction of ACL Injury.
Gender Errors in French Interlanguage: The Effect of Initial Consonant Versus Initial Vowel of the Head Noun

Many studies on gender assignment in French have focused on the effect of the final morpheme of the noun on the identification of the gender of the noun and the subsequent agreement with any determiners. The present study considers the effect of a noun’s initial vowel on gender accuracy in conversations with 36 Dutch-speaking French foreign language learners. The analysis of 1540 indefinite article + noun sequences revealed that gender accuracy was significantly lower when the noun started with a vowel. This effect was significant for French L3 learners but weaker among more advanced French L2 learners. It thus seems that an initial vowel, and the resulting gender syncretism, delays the correct identification of a noun’s gender among French L2 learners.
UNDERSTANDING EMPLOYEES’ DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR: THE ROLE OF AGREEABLENESS AND STRESS RELATED TO WORK_1

These days the majority of organizations struggle to overcome employees’ misbehavior. Understanding why a phenomenon occurs, Employers and industrial organizational psychologists are interested to find factors contributing to such behaviors. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between job stress and agreeableness (a type of personality traits) with employee deviant behaviors. Data were collected through 212 employee of an organization in Malaysia. The results showed that both job stress and agreeableness predict workplace deviant behavior. Results found that there is a positive relationship between job stress and workplace deviance and negative relationship between agreeableness and deviant behavior. It was also shown that agreeableness moderate the relationship between job stress and workplace deviant behavior. Implications for future research are discussed.
Preliminary Assessment of Methane Concentration Variation Observed by GOSAT in China

Atmospheric column-averaged methane (XCH4) observations from GOSAT are analyzed to study the spatiotemporal variation of XCH4 in China. Furthermore, we investigate the driving mechanism of XCH4 spatiotemporal variations, especially for high XCH4 values shown over Sichuan Basin, by analyzing both the emission mechanism of rice planting process and the regional atmosphere dynamic transportation. The results indicate that spatially the Sichuan Basin presents a higher XCH4 concentration than other regions in China and is 17 ppb higher than the paddy area in the same latitude zone. Seasonally, XCH4 in Sichuan Basin during rice harvest season is generally higher than that in early cultivation period. However, comparing to paddy area in the same latitude zone, Sichuan Basin shows a relatively higher XCH4 value during the winter of noncultivation period when the emissions from rice paddies are weak and surface air temperature is low. To further investigate the high XCH4 concentration during this low-emission period, we use the HYSPLIT model to simulate the atmosphere dynamic transport process, and the result suggests that the typical closed topography of Sichuan Basin, which may lead to CH4 accumulation and keep it from diffusion, is one possible reason for the high XCH4 value in winter.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Cardiologist’s View

The review presents current data on the prevalence of diabetes in the cohort of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The relevance of active approach to the identification of diabetes and prediabetes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) before coronary revascularization is reviewed. Recent information about the negative impact of diabetes on the prognosis of myocardial revascularization is reported as well as the main mechanisms responsible to the development of adverse outcomes of interventions in these patients. Target perioperative values of glycemia recommended by the leading associations of the study of diabetes have been compared. Beneficial potential of other carbohydrate metabolism markers (glycated hemoglobin, fructosamine, 1,5-anhydroglucitol) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in terms of their impact on cardiovascular prognosis, including coronary intervention. The results of studies comparing different management strategies for these patients are reviewed. The significance of carbohydrate metabolism compensation during myocardial revascularization is reported; thus, a too stringent glycemic control has no benefits neither for percutaneous nor for open coronary intervention. Recent trials suggest the groups of antidiabetic drugs and evidence of their impact on the cardiovascular system. The importance of comprehensive monitoring of major risk factors in diabetic patients with coronary intervention has been proved.