Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epilepsies in twins: Genetics of the major epilepsy syndromes

We studied twins to examine the genetics of epilepsy syndromes. We ascertained 358 twin pairs in whom one or both reported seizures. After evaluation, 253 of 358 (71%) had seizure disorders and 105 pairs were false positives. Among the monozygous (MZ) pairs, more were concordant for seizures (48 of 108; casewise concordance = 0.62 ± 0.05) than among the dizygous (DZ) pairs (14 of 145; casewise concordance = 0.18 ± 0.04). In 94% of concordant MZ pairs, and 71% of concordant DZ pairs, both twins had the same major epilepsy syndrome. When analyzed according to major epilepsy syndrome, the casewise concordances for generalized (MZ = 0.82; DZ = 0.26), both idiopathic (MZ = 0.76; DZ = 0.33) and symptomatic (MZ = 0.83; DZ = 0), were greater than those for partial epilepsies (MZ = 0.36; DZ = 0.05), with intermediate values seen for febrile seizures (MZ = 0.58; DZ = 0.14) an dunclassified epilepsies (MZ = 0.53; DZ = 0.18). We conclude that genetic factors are particularly important in the generalized epilepsies but also play a role in the partial epilepsies. The high frequency of concordant MZ pairs with the same major syndrome strongly suggets there are syndrome‐specific genetic determinants rather than a broad genetic predisposition to seizures.
AYNI PUANLAR ÜZERİNDEN YAPILAN MUTLAK VE BAĞIL DEĞERLENDİRME UYGULAMALARININ NOTLARDA FARKLILIK OLUŞTURUP OLUŞTURMADIĞINA İLİŞKİN BİR İNCELEME

Bu makalede mutlak ve bagil degerlendirme uygulamalarinin ogrencilerin basari duzeylerinin gostergesi sayilan notlarda bir farklilik olusturup olusturmadigi karsilastirmali olarak incelenmis ve elde edilen sonuclar yorumlanmistir Bu amacla bir grup ogrenciye ait oldugu varsayilan ve arastirmaci tarafindan uc farkli ders icin X Y ve Z turetilen olcme sonuclari mutlak degerlendirme uygulamalarini temel alan Abant Izzet Baysal Universitesi nin Lisans Egitim Ogretim Suresiyle Sinav ve Degerlendirme Esaslarina Iliskin Yonetmelikte belirtilen olcutlere gore ve bagil degerlendirme uygulamalarini temel alan Trakya Universitesi nin Bagil Degerlendirme Yontemi Uygulama Esaslari Yonergesinde belirtilen uc farkli yonteme gore nota donusturulmus ve elde edilen bulgular yorumlanmistir X dersi icin elde edilen bulgular ozellikle ogrencilerin puanlarinin dusuk oldugu durumlarda mutlak degerlendirme sonucunda dusuk not alarak basarisiz sayilan cok sayida ogrencinin bagil degerlendirme sonucunda yuksek not alarak basarili hatta cok basarili sayildigini gostermektedir Y dersi icin elde edilen bulgular ogrencilerin puanlarinin birbirine cok yakin oldugu durumlarda bagil degerlendirme yaklasimina dayali not verme isleminin gerceklestirilemedigini Z dersi icin elde edilen bulgular ise verilen notlarda aralarinda buyuk farkliliklar olmamakla birlikte bagil degerlendirme yaklasiminin lehine farklarin olustugunu gostermektedir Elde edilen bulgular bir butun olarak incelendiginde bagil degerlendirmeye dayali olarak verilen notlarin mutlak degerlendirmeye dayali olarak verilen notlarin aksine ogrencilerin sahip olduklari basari duzeylerini temsil etmekten uzaklastigi biciminde yorumlanabilir
Predictive Validity of Risk Assessments in Juvenile Offenders

This study examined the validity and reliability of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY), the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI), and the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) in a sample of Spanish adolescents with a community sanction (N = 105). Self-reported delinquency with a follow-up period of 1 year was used as the outcome measure. The predictive validity of the three measures was compared with the unstructured judgment of the juvenile’s probation officer and the self-appraisal of the juvenile. The three measures showed moderate effect sizes, ranging from area under the curve (AUC) = . 75 (SAVRY) to AUC = . 72 (PCL:YV), in predicting juvenile reoffending. The two unstructured judgments had no significant predictive validity whereas the SAVRY had significantly higher predictive validity compared with both unstructured judgments. Finally, SAVRY protective factor total scores and SAVRY summary risk ratings did not add incremental validity over SAVRY risk total scores. The high base rates of both violent (65.4%) and general reoffending (81.9%) underline the need for further risk assessment and management research with this population.
Systematic clinical examination of early postpartum cows and treatment of puerperal metritis did not have any beneficial effect on subsequent reproductive performance

The objective of this field trial was to evaluate the impact of a control program based on systematic clinical examination on Day 10 ± 3 post partum (pp) and treatment in the case of puerperal metritis on reproductive performance in dairy cows. Cows having serious dystocia as well as cows treated for retained placenta were not involved in the trial. The evaluation was performed by comparing reproductive performance between systematically examined cows (Group E, n = 83) and cows that were examined and treated occasionally on the basis of farmers’ notifications of a pathological condition (Group C, n = 95). In Group E, reproductive performance was compared between cows with a mild form of metritis (Group E1, n = 18), cows with a severe form of metritis (Group E2, n = 14) and cows without puerperal metritis (Group E0, n = 51). Clinical examination consisted in rectal and vaginal palpation with inspection of the lochia manually withdrawn from the vagina. Cows with puerperal metritis were treated with an intramuscular administration of PGF2α analogue – dinoprost. An intrauterine antibiotic (rifaximin foam) was added in cases of severe metritis. The examination and treatment (in cases of a pathological condition, n = 10) were repeated in Group E on Day 24 ± 3 pp. In addition, the incidence of puerperal metritis in the year seasons was evaluated. Occurrence of ovarian disorders (30.1 vs. 24.2%) and clinical endometritis (27.7 vs. 23.2%), calving to first service interval (83.2 vs. 85.4 days), pregnancy until Day 100 pp (30.8 vs. 35.3%) as well as until Day 150 pp (64.6 vs. 64.7%), services per conception (2.45 vs. 2.16), calving to conception interval (141.6 vs. 136.4 days), total culling rate (20.5 vs. 28.4%) and culling rate due to (sub)infertility (8.4 vs. 6.3) in Group E compared to Group C were not different. Only the first service pregnancy rate was lower in Group E (30.3 vs. 47.1%, P < 0.05). Even though no significant differences were found in the reproduction parameters between groups E1, E2 and E0, the worst parameters were in Group E2. The incidence of puerperal metritis in the year seasons was not different. The trial did not prove that there was a beneficial effect of systematic clinical examination on Day 10 ± 3 pp nor of treatment in cases of puerperal metritis, using PGF2α and intrauterine antibiotic, on reproductive performance in dairy cows.
Butyrate Activates the WAF1/Cip1 Gene Promoter through Sp1 Sites in a p53-negative Human Colon Cancer Cell Line*

Butyrate is a well known colonic luminal short chain fatty acid, which arrests cell growth and induces differentiation in various cell types. We examined the effect of butyrate on the expression of WAF1/Cip1, a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, and its relation to growth arrest in a p53-mutated human colon cancer cell line WiDr. Five millimolar butyrate completely inhibited the growth of WiDr and caused G1-phase arrest. WAF1/Cip1 mRNA was rapidly induced within 3 h by treatment with 5.0 mm butyrate, and drastic WAF1/Cip1 protein induction was detected. Using several mutant WAF1/Cip1 promoter fragments, we found that the butyrate-responsive elements are two Sp1 sites at −82 and −69 relative to the transcription start site. We also found that a TATA element at −46 and two overlapping consensus Sp1 sites at −60 and −55 are essential for the basal promoter activity ofWAF1/Cip1. These findings suggest that butyrate arrests the growth of WiDr by activating the WAF1/Cip1 promoter through specific Sp1 sites in a p53-independent fashion.
Distortion of KB estimates of endothelin‐1 ETA and ETB receptor antagonists in pulmonary arteries: Possible role of an endothelin‐1 clearance mechanism

Dual endothelin ETA and ETB receptor antagonists are approved therapy for pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). We hypothesized that ETB receptor‐mediated clearance of endothelin‐1 at specific vascular sites may compromise this targeted therapy. Concentration‐response curves (CRC) to endothelin‐1 or the ETB agonist sarafotoxin S6c were constructed, with endothelin receptor antagonists, in various rat and mouse isolated arteries using wire myography or in rat isolated trachea. In rat small mesenteric arteries, bosentan displaced endothelin‐1 CRC competitively indicative of ETA receptor antagonism. In rat small pulmonary arteries, bosentan 10 μmol L−1 left‐shifted the endothelin‐1 CRC, demonstrating potentiation consistent with antagonism of an ETB receptor‐mediated endothelin‐1 clearance mechanism. Removal of endothelium or L‐NAME did not alter the EC50 or Emax of endothelin‐1 nor increase the antagonism by BQ788. In the presence of BQ788 and L‐NAME, bosentan displayed ETA receptor antagonism. In rat trachea (ETB), bosentan was a competitive ETB antagonist against endothelin‐1 or sarafotoxin S6c. Modeling showed the importance of dual receptor antagonism where the potency ratio of ETA to ETB antagonism is close to unity. In conclusion, the rat pulmonary artery is an example of a special vascular bed where the resistance to antagonism of endothelin‐1 constriction by ET dual antagonists, such as bosentan or the ETB antagonist BQ788, is possibly due to the competition of potentiation of endothelin‐1 by blockade of ETB‐mediated endothelin‐1 clearance located on smooth muscle and antagonism of ETA‐ and ETB‐mediated contraction. This conclusion may have direct application for the efficacy of endothelin‐1 antagonists for treating PAH.
Designing and implementing culturally-sensitive IT applications: The interaction of culture values and privacy issues in the Middle East

The Internet, World Wide Web, and related information technologies, originally developed in Western countries, have rapidly spread to a great variety of countries and cultures. Many of these technologies facilitate and mediate interpersonal communication, an activity whose modes and means bind closely to cultural values. This article provides a theoretical integration of a framework for culture values together with a model for understanding privacy and related issues that arise when personal information is shared or exchanged using information technology. The resulting hybrid framework can help understand and predict individuals’ culturally linked reactions to various communication‐related IT applications (e.g. e‐mail, e‐commerce sites, Web‐logs, bulletin boards, newsgroups) in diverse cultural contexts. An application of the framework to cultural settings in Middle Eastern nations concludes the article.
Mean platelet volume is associated with aortic arterial stiffness in patients with Behçet's disease without significant cardiovascular involvement

Behçet's disease (BD), is a chronic, systemic vasculitis, which may affect all types and sizes of blood vessels. BD is associated with endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation. Endothelial dysfunction is the critical early step in the process of atherogenesis, and it is commonly investigated by measuring arterial stiffness. Mean platelet volume (MPV) has been investigated in relation with both thrombosis and inflammation. We aimed to investigate the relationship between an increased arterial stiffness and MPV in patients with Behçet's disease without significant cardiovascular involvement.
Relationship between Lipoprotein(a) and Thyroid Hormones in Hypothyroid Patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Changes in plasma lipid concentrations are well known metabolic consequences of thyroid dysfunction. The alterations are most prominent in hypothyroidism which is typically associated with pronounced hypercholesterolaemia and frequently with moderate hypertriglyceridaemia. In cases of hypothyroidism, how the serum Lp(a) levels are influenced by thyroid hormone remains unknown and contradictory results on the effect of thyroid hormone on serum Lp(a) levels have been reported. There is substantial evidence to suggest that elevated serum Lp(a) levels contribute significantly to the development of CHD. The present study was designed to determine the lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], lipid profile and thyroid hormone levels in newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients and to find any correlation that existed between Lp(a) and other parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Untreated hypothyroid (n=50) patients were included in the study. We also included 40 normal healthy subjects as controls. Lipid profile, Lp(a) and thyroid profile were estimated by using autoanalyzers. RESULTS The results of this study showed that levels of HDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased (p<0.001), whereas those of other lipid parameters and Lp(a) levels were found to be significantly increased (p<0.001) in hypothyroid patients as compared to those in controls. Correlation study revealed a significant positive correlation between Lp(a) and TSH levels in hypothyroid patients. CONCLUSION Our present findings indicated that hypothyroidism could be strongly associated with lipid abnormalities that enhanced the development of cardiovascular diseases. Also, Lp(a) and non-HDL-C should be estimated with other lipid parameters as a useful index for measuring the cardiac risk in hypothyroid patients. A recommended screening should be advised for any patient with thyroid dysfunction, especially hypothyroidism, to assess lipid abnormalities by using Lp(a) and non- HDL-C and he/she should treated at the earliest.
Clinical outcome after 4 years follow‐up of HIV‐seropositive subjects with incomplete virologic or immunologic response to HAART

The duration of the clinical, virologic, and immunologic response to HAART, is not well defined. In this observational multi‐center study 2,143 patients were enrolled classified according to virologic suppression (<500 cp/ml) and immune recovery (>100 CD4+ cells/μl from baseline) at month 12 of HAART as complete responders, virologic only responders, immunologic only responders and non‐responders. Kaplan Meyer curves, multivariate and politomous regression analysis were used. Complete responders patients were 781 (36.4%), immunologic only responders 441 (20.6%), virologic only responders 336 (15.7%), and non‐responders 585 (27.3%). Using multivariate analysis, being antiretroviral‐naïve increased the probability of having both a virologic only or a complete response and reduced the probability of an immunologic only response (P < 0.001 for all tests). Older age was associated directly with a virologic only response and inversely associated with an immunologic only response (P = 0.027 and P = 0.035, respectively). Using politomous analysis, patients baseline HIV‐RNA level more than 5 log cp/ml had a 1.9‐fold higher probability of an immunologic response than of a complete response (P = 0.001). After 4 years, the clinical progression rate was six times greater in non‐responders, 1.9 times greater in virologic only responders, and 2.3 times greater in immunologic only responders than for responders. However, patients with virologic only response or with immunologic only response had a significantly reduced risk for clinical progression than non‐responders (P < 0.001). After 4 years of HAART, the risk of clinical progression in patients with immunologic only or virologic only response is low but still higher than in complete responder patients. J. Med. Virol. 76:153–160, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Research Priorities for Studies Linking Intake of Low-Calorie Sweeteners and Potentially Related Health Outcomes

Abstract Background: In a world of finite research funding, efforts to prioritize future research topics are increasingly necessary. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the direction of future research in the broad area of low-calorie sweetener (LCS) intake and potentially related health outcomes by using a novel method that incorporates evidence mapping in the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Future Research Needs (FRN) process. Methods: A diverse expert stakeholder panel was convened and engaged to identify research gaps and prioritize future research needs. An independent research team hosted a number of interactive webinars and elicited feedback through surveys and individual interviews with the stakeholder panel, which included policymakers, lay audience members, health providers, a research funder, individuals with food industry experience, and researchers of several different specialties. Results: The stakeholder panel generated and ranked a list of 18 FRN questions across 5 broad research areas. Overall, stakeholder panel members unanimously agreed that the research questions that will have the largest public health impact are those that address outcomes related to body weight, appetite, and dietary intake. Although the LCSs included in this FRN project have all been Generally Recognized as Safe by the FDA or approved as food additives, the recurrent concerns and confusions with regard to the “safety” of LCSs by consumers underscore the importance of communicating the science to the general public. Conclusion: Our project provides evidence that engaging a diverse expert stakeholder panel is an effective method of translating gaps in nutrition research into prioritized areas of future research.
Association of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 in a Llama with Bronchopneumonia

Over the past decade there has been an increased number of llamas and alpacas raised in North America, with a heavy concentration in the Northwest. This increase serves as an impetus for studying the comparative features of the South American camelids in relation to our domestic animal species. The llama and the alpaca occupy a unique epidemiological position between members of the equine and bovine species in terms of their susceptibility to infectious agents that are known to infect either horses and/or cattle. 9,10,12,13 This report describes the isolation of a virus with in vitro properties of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), from the lungs of a llama with bronchopneumonia. The subject was a 3-year-old female llama in the later stages of pregnancy that had a 2-month history of a productive cough and gradual weight reduction. The vaccination history indicated the use of an 8-way clostridial bacterin but no use of viral vaccines. The llama was presented live to the clinic and was anorexic and recumbent. A tracheal wash was performed for bacterial and viral culture and a blood sample obtained for serology. Within 1 day of admittance to the clinic, the llama died. A postmortem examination revealed gross lesions confined to the pleural cavity. The lungs appeared congested and hemorrhagic with small bronchi filled with clotted blood and a bloody froth within the trachea and esophagus. Samples collected at necropsy for laboratory diagnostic procedures included fluid from the pericardial sac and fresh and fixed portions of the lungs, heart, and kidney. Formalin-fixed sections of lung, kidney, and heart were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for routine evaluation. The Brown and Brenn stain was used to evaluate selected sections for the presence of bacteria. Histology of the tissues revealed lesions confined to the lung. A few randomly scattered alveoli contained low numbers of degenerating neutrophils and foamy macrophages. Some of the adjacent bronchioles also contained clumps of degenerating neutrophils and cell debris. Moderate diffuse congestion was present. No inclusion bodies or bacteria were noted in the sections observed. The histologic changes in the lung were regarded as mild and acute and did not explain the death of the llama. The pulmonary changes were reflective of an early inflammatory response compatible with a bacterial infection. The morphologic diagnosis was an acute, mild, multifocal neutrophilic bronchopneumonia consistent with an early inflammatory response to a bacterial infection. The samples collected antemortem and at postmortem were
Temperature Instability of Resistive Switching on $ \hbox{HfO}_{x}$-Based RRAM Devices

In this letter, the temperature instability of HfOx -based resistive switching memory is investigated. It is observed that with the increase of high temperature (up to 100 °C in this work), the leakage current of high-resistance state would increase, and the set/reset voltages would decrease. In addition, multibit switching exhibited at room temperature might not be retained with the increase of temperature. All these phenomena can be correlated with oxygen-vacancy-related trap formation and annihilation.
Charging behavior characteristic simulation of plug-in electric vehicles for demand response

This paper aims to obtain the natural charging behavior characteristic (NCBC) of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) via stochastic simulation. To this end, a novel stochastic simulating methodology is proposed. Compared to earlier studies, advantages of the proposed methodology are: 1) it does not need sophisticated transportation datasets; 2) it simulates the charging behaviors of aggregated PEVs more convincingly for a long time window (multi weeks). Then, two parameters are defined to characterize the natural charging behaviors of the large scale aggregated PEVs. And the time-varying pattern of these two NCBC-parameters are analyzed by using the proposed simulating methodology. Finally, the results of NCBC-parameters for large scale heterogeneous PEVs are simulated. These results can be used to evaluate the demand response flexibility of the aggregated charging load (ACL), which is the key to design smart charging schemes.
Quality of life after adult living donor liver transplantation: A longitudinal prospective follow‐up study

Patient survival after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has improved, but improvement of the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of LDLT recipients is also an important issue. The aim of this study was to assess the HRQOL of LDLT recipients from the preoperative period to 18 months following transplantation by prospectively evaluating Short Form‐36 Version 2 (SF‐36v2) scores.
Activity of the matrix metalloproteinase‐9 promoter in human normal and tumor cells

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to a family of proteins essential for those processes involving extracellular matrix degradation, such as embryonic development, morphogenesis, and tissue resorption and remodeling. Some members of this family play a crucial role also in tumor invasion. Most notably, MMP‐9 is expressed in invasive tumors, and represents a key protein in brain tumor progression, whereas it is not expressed in adult normal tissues. The expression of the MMP‐9, like other members of the family, is transcriptionally regulated. We, therefore, postulated that the MMP‐9 promoter could be useful in driving selective expression of exogenous genes in tumor cells. This represents a key feature for gene therapy applications, since currently employed viral promoters induce severe organ toxicity, limiting the clinical benefits. In this study, we investigated the activity of the MMP‐9 promoter in driving exogenous gene expression in human cell lines. High levels of reporter gene expression were detected in tumor derived cell lines, whereas the MMP‐9 promoter activity in non‐tumor cells was negligible. Furthermore, we show that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is able to enhance considerably the MMP‐9 promoter activity only in tumor cells. Since recent studies have indicated that MMP‐9 enzymatic activity is detectable in the blood, it would be possible to screen potential responsive patients for a tumor gene therapy approach based on the MMP‐9 promoter. Taken together these data suggest that MMP‐9 promoter has the characteristics for transcritpionally targeted and inducible gene therapy applications. J. Cell. Physiol. 199: 126–133, 2004© 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.