Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Type II Supernova Spectral Diversity. I. Observations, Sample Characterization, and Spectral Line Evolution

We present 888 visual-wavelength spectra of 122 nearby type II supernovae (SNe II) obtained between 1986 and 2009, and ranging between 3 and 363 days post-explosion. In this first paper, we outline our observations and data reduction techniques, together with a characterization based on the spectral diversity of SNe II. A statistical analysis of the spectral matching technique is discussed as an alternative to nondetection constraints for estimating SN explosion epochs. The time evolution of spectral lines is presented and analyzed in terms of how this differs for SNe of different photometric, spectral, and environmental properties: velocities, pseudo-equivalent widths, decline rates, magnitudes, time durations, and environment metallicity. Our sample displays a large range in ejecta expansion velocities, from ∼9600 to ∼1500 km s−1 at 50 days post-explosion with a median value of 7300 km s−1. This is most likely explained through differing explosion energies. Significant diversity is also observed in the absolute strength of spectral lines, characterized through their pseudo-equivalent widths. This implies significant diversity in both temperature evolution (linked to progenitor radius) and progenitor metallicity between different SNe II. Around 60% of our sample shows an extra absorption component on the blue side of the P-Cygni profile (“Cachito” feature) between 7 and 120 days since explosion. Studying the nature of Cachito, we conclude that these features at early times (before ∼35 days) are associated with Si ii , while past the middle of the plateau phase they are related to high velocity (HV) features of hydrogen lines.
Five Stars and a Cricket. Beppe Grillo Shakes Italian Politics

The article focuses on a new political player: the Five Star Movement led by the comedian Beppe Grillo. The party lies at the junction between different organisational models and conceptions of democracy: it combines an online and an offline presence; it has ‘horizontal’ structural elements, but a top-down decision-making process; it is positioned ‘beyond’ ideologies, while its electorate comes from various political families. The work considers the history, message, leader, organisation and electoral base of the movement, as well as the political opportunity structure that facilitated its growth in 2012 and the challenges it faces in the delicate phase of institutionalisation.
Side-jump induced spin-orbit interaction of chiral fluids from kinetic theory

We apply the Wigner-function approach and chiral kinetic theory to investigate the angular momentum and polarization of chiral fluids composed of Weyl fermions with background electric/magnetic fields and vorticity. It is found that the quantum corrections in Wigner functions give rise to nonzero antisymmetric components in the canonical energy-momentum tensors, which are responsible for the spin-orbit interaction. In global equilibrium, conservation of the canonical angular momentum reveals the cancellation between the orbital component stemming from side jumps with nonzero vorticity and the spin component in the presence of an axial chemical potential. We further analyze the conservation laws near local equilibrium. It turns out that the canonical angular momentum is no longer conserved even in the absence of background fields due to the presence of a local torque coming from the spin-orbit interaction involving temperature/chemical-potential gradients, which is implicitly led by collisions.
RADIOXENON MEASUREMENTS WITH THE PHOSWATCH DETECTOR SYSTEM

Many of the radioxenon detector systems used in the International Monitoring System and in other applications employ beta/gamma coincidence detection to achieve high sensitivity. In these systems, the coincidence detection is implemented by requiring simultaneous signals from separate beta and gamma detectors. While very sensitive to small amounts of radioxenon, this approach requires careful calibration and gain matching of several detectors and photomultiplier tubes. An alternative approach is the use of a phoswich detector in which beta-gamma coincidences are detected by pulse shape analysis. The phoswich requires only a single photomultiplier tube and thus is easier to set up and calibrate, and can be assembled into a more compact and robust system. In the past, we have developed a COTS detector system, named PhosWatch, which consists of a CsI(Tl)/BC-404 phoswich detector, digital readout electronics, and on-board software to perform the pulse shape analysis. Several units of this system have been manufactured and are now evaluated at several radioxenon research laboratories. In this paper, we will report results from production tests and some of the evaluations, including a side-by-side comparison of a SAUNA detector and a PhosWatch system using atmospheric radioxenon samples. In addition, we will show initial results obtained withmore » a higher speed version of the readout electronics, digitizing at 500 MHz and thus able to better resolve the fast pulses from the BC-404. « less
An Empirical Investigation of the Day-of- the-Week Effect on Stock Returns and Volatility: Evidence from Muscat Securities Market

This paper investigates the anomalous phenomenon of the day-of-the-week effect on Muscat securities market. The study uses a sample that covers the period from 1 December 2005 until 23 November 2011. It also utilizes a nonlinear symmetric GARCH (1,1) model and two nonlinear asymmetric models, TARCH (1,1) and EGARCH (1,1). The empirical findings provide evidence of no presence of the day-of-the-week effect. However, unlike other developed markets, Muscat stock market seems to start positive and ends also positive with downturn during the rest of the trading days. In addition, the parameter estimates of the GARCH model (a and b ) suggest a high degree of persistent in the conditional volatility of stock returns. Furthermore, the asymmetric EGARCH, and TARCH models show no significant evidence for asymmetry in stock returns. The study concludes that Muscat securities market is an efficient market.
Antecedents and organisational performance implications of internal audit effectiveness

– The purpose of this paper is to synthesize relevant theoretical and empirical literature to develop propositions and suggest a research agenda on the antecedents and organisational performance implications of internal audit effectiveness. , – The paper employs institutional theory and Karl Marx's theory of the “circuit of industrial capital” to synthesize relevant internal audit literature to develop theoretically justifiable propositions and highlight an operational research agenda. , – Propositions and a research agenda are provided on potential antecedents of internal audit effectiveness and its possible association with company performance measured as rate of return on capital employed. Also, key variables are identified and operationalisation issues discussed. , – As the extant literature does not provide a canon of internal audit effectiveness, the paper's originality is its argument that a positive association between compliance with standards for the professional practice of internal auditors and organisational goal achievement could serve as an approach to assess internal audit effectiveness. Furthermore, the use of the two theories in combination provides additional insights into identifying the antecedents of internal audit effectiveness and its measurement.
Sensitivity of Global Circulation Response to a Southern Ocean Zonal Wind Stress Perturbation

Previous studies indicate that Southern Ocean wind stress may drive global oceanic overturning variability on decadal timescales. An experiment with a perturbation to a nearglobal ocean model with realistic topography and forcing (Klinger and Cruz, 2009) raises questions about the evolution of the overturning anomaly. What determines the relative strength of the Atlantic and Pacific response? Is the model’s large Indo-Pacific response due to the great width of the Indo-Pacific basin? What is the relationship between the initial response and the final equilibrium? What determines the timescale of the response? These questions are addressed through experiments with a primitive equation model (MOM4) in which the sensitivity of the response to basin width and Atlantic-Pacific density differences are tested. Pacific overturning anomaly is very roughly proportional to basin width. The North Pacific stratification has little influence on the initial response but strongly affects the final equilibrium response. For strongly stratified North Pacific, the Pacific’s transient overturning anomaly is much stronger than its final value, implying a large decadal response. Response timescales are proportional to the global basin width, consistent with shallow water theory. Mass budgets indicate that cross-isopycnal flow anomalies can be ignored for the first few decades (as in the simplest shallow water models), but become increasingly important afterwards. The response of a single-basin configuration is independent of horizontal resolution, horizontal viscosity, and the use of unequal tracer and momentum timesteps. This strengthens the conclusion that on decadal scales, the behavior is dominated by Rossby wave dynamics and is independent of the detailed behavior of the Kelvin waves.
The Analysis of Critical Thinking Skill of Version P21 in Solving the Problems of Two Dimensional Arithmetic Derived from the Implementation of Guided Discovery Learning

This study aims to analyze the critical thinking skills of P21 students in solving Arithmetic Two Dimensional problems through the application of Guided Discovery Learning. GDL is a learning process that occurs when students are not presented with material in final form but learners are expected to organize their own material with guidance from educators if needed. Implementation of GDL in learning process is expected to improve students' thinking ability, especially critical thinking ability version P21. According to P21, in the 21st century, every individual is required to have 4C's skills in order to compete globally and one of 4C's skills is critical thinking. By having these skills, learners are expected to achieve success in life and work. The subjects of this study are discrete mathematics class students, as many as 64 students. Research steps are by providing initial knowledge of Two Dimensional Arithmetic materials through GDL method and Student Worksheet (LKM) then at the end of student learning work on Test Mastery of Teaching Materials (TPBA). The test results are then analyzed using the P21 critical thinking indicator that is reasoned effectively, using a system of thinking, making judgments and decisions. From the analysis result of Teaching Material Mastery Test obtained data about critical thinking level of students, in class A there are 25 students being in very high category (level 4), 10 students are in high category (level 3) and 9 students are in medium category (level 2). While in class C there are 22 students being in very high category (level 4), 4 students are in high category (level 3) and 4 students are in medium category (level 2). The study also produced a two dimensional arithmetic monograph. From the results of this study can be concluded that the application of GDL has a positive effect in developing students' critical thinking skills in solving two-dimensional arithmetic problems.
Out in the Cold? Iceland's Trade Performance Outside the European Union and European Monetary Union

Although entering a currency union involves both costs and benefits, an increasing body of research is finding that the benefits – in terms of international trade creation – are remarkably large. For example, Rose (2000) suggests that countries can up to triple their trade by joining a currency union. If true the impact on trade, income and welfare should Iceland join EMU could be enormous. However, by focussing simply on EMU rather than the broad range of currency unions studied by Rose, we find that the trade impact of EMU is smaller – but still statistically significant and economically important. Our findings suggest that the Iceland's trade with other EMU countries could increase by about 60% and that the trade-to-GDP ratio could rise by 12 percentage points should Iceland join the EU and EMU. This trade boost could consequently raise GDP per capita by roughly 4%. These effects would be even larger if the three current EMU outs (Denmark, Sweden and the UK) were also to enter EMU.
Otosclerosis Surgery: Contribution of Imaging in Surgical Failures andLabyrinthine Complications Diagnosis

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the role of post-operative imaging and to illustrate with a rich iconography the main causes of surgical failures and post-operative complications of otosclerosis. Subjects and methods: This a retrospective study of 49 ears having otosclerosis and undergoing middle ear surgery. CT scan was performed in the postoperative assessment when post-operative complication or unsatisfactory surgical results were suggested. Results: Surgical failures were noticed in 28 ears (57%): Hearing loss was the most frequent symptom (89%). Tinnitus was found in 21 cases and vertigo in three cases. Audiometric exploration found 21 cases of conductive hearing loss, six cases of mixed type and one case was a sensorineural type. The causes of surgical failure were erosion of the long process of the incus in four cases, uncudo-mallear dislocation in one case, displacement of the prosthesis in five cases and fibrosis of the oval window in one case. Progression of otosclerosis was noticed in 13 cases. Labyrinthine complication was retained in 21 ears of our study. The causes of labyrinthine complication were intravestibular protrusion of the prosthesis (15 cases), intravestibular footplate dislocation (1 case), perilymphatic fistula (1 case), ossificans labyrinthitis (1 case), infectious labyrinthitis (1 case) and intravestibular granulation tissue (1 case). In one case, no abnormities was retained in CT and MRI Conclusion: After this study, to ensure maximum efficiency in the postoperative monitoring and the management of complications and post-operative failures, the clinician is required to take into account both the functional findings, results audiometric and radiological data.
Nursing Presence: A Theoretical Overview

Throughout history, the concept of presence has been discussed in the fields of psychology, philosophy, and spirituality. It was first introduced to the nursing field in the mid-1960s, and discussion has continued into the present day. Different definitions and classifications have been made from the different points of views. Concept of presence has been defined per following. According to well-known writers in nursing area, there are a numbers of different definitions for the concept of presence. For instance, it can be a voluntary action a nurse takes when caring for patients; it can also include focusing on the moment, being physically available, and tending to patients’ needs. This review aims to theoretically examine the definition, classification and presence of nursing in light of the available literature.
Contribution of Eucalyptus Harvest Residues and Nitrogen Fertilization to Carbon Stabilization in Ultisols of Southern Bahia

ABSTRACT: Eucalyptus forests in southern Bahia (BA) are planted in soils with a sandy surface layer and humid tropical climate, conditions that lead to soil carbon (C) decomposition. Recent studies have shown that nitrogen (N) may be important for soil C stabilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of Eucalyptus harvest residues and nitrogen fertilization to C stabilization in Ultisols of southern BA. The experiment was conducted in Eucalyptus clonal plantations cultivated in two regions of [. ]
Analytical and Numerical Solutions of Vapor Flow in a Flat Plate Heat Pipe

In this paper, the optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM) and differential transform method (DTM) were applied to solve the problem of 2D vapor flow in flat plate heat pipes. The governing partial differential equations for this problem were reduced to a non-linear ordinary differential equation, and then non-dimensional velocity profiles and axial pressure distributions along the entire length of the heat pipe were obtained using homotopy analysis, differential transform, and numerical fourth-order Runge-Kutta methods. The reliability of the two analytical methods was examined by comparing the analytical results with numerical ones. A brief discussion about the advantages of the two applied analytical methods relative to each other is presented. Furthermore, the effects of the Reynolds number and the ratio of condenser to evaporator lengths on the flow variables were discussed. Graphical abstract
Top-down and bottom-up regulation in a high nutrient-high herbivory coastal ecosystem

In this study, carried out in San Antonio Bay (Northern Argentinean Patagonia), we aimed to understand the relative importance of bottom-up and top-down controls on macroalgal blooms in a macrotidal system with high nutrient supply and high consumer abundance. Our results show that nutrients, pH, and O2 concentrations were higher during low tide. A field experiment showed that the biomass accumulation rate of Ulva lactuca ranged from 6 to 12% d -1 and was reduced by herbivory by 60%. The biomass accumulation rate did not differ in thalli with different initial internal nutrient pools. There was a negative relationship between the percentage of algae consumed and the N content in algal tissues, suggesting compensatory feeding by herbivores. Her- bivory reduced the biomass accumulation rate of U. lactuca when PO4 3- or no nutrients were added, but not when NO3 - was added. In the absence of herbivory, the addition of nutrients did not increase U. lactuca biomass accumulation rate. These results suggest that nutrients remain high enough for adequate time intervals to be assimilated by macroalgae and support blooms. Large water exchange during tidal changes, however, can diminish the potential negative effects of macroalgal accumula- tion (oxygen depletion, high ammonium concentrations) on herbivores such that herbivores can have a large impact on macroalgae.
Multi-object adaptive optics on-sky results with Raven

Raven is a Multi-Object Adaptive Optics (MOAO) technical and science demonstrator which had its first light at the Subaru telescope on May 13-14, 2014. Raven was built and tested at the University of Victoria AO Lab before shipping to Hawai`i. Raven includes three open loop wavefront sensors (WFSs), a central laser guide star WFS, and two independent science channels feeding light to the Subaru IRCS spectrograph. Raven supports different kinds of AO correction: SCAO, open-loop GLAO and MOAO. The MOAO mode can use different tomographic reconstructors, such as Learn-and-Apply or a model-based reconstructor. This paper presents the latest results obtained in the lab, which are consistent with simulated performance, as well as preliminary on-sky results, including echelle spectra from IRCS. Ensquared energy obtained on sky in 140mas slit is 17%, 30% and 41% for GLAO, MOAO and SCAO respectively. This result confirms that MOAO can provide a level of correction in between GLAO and SCAO, in any direction of the field of regard, regardless of the science target brightness.
Near Edge Structure in Electron Energy Loss Spectra of Chromium Trioxide Intercalalted into Graphite and Some Chromium Oxides

TitleNear Edge Structure in Electron Energy Loss Spectra ofChromium Trioxide Intercalalted into Graphite and SomeChromium Oxides (Commemoration Issue Dedicated toProfessor Natsu Uyeda, on the Occasion of His Retirment)Author(s) Kurata, Hiroki; Ishizuka, Kazuo; Kobayashi, TakashiCitationBulletin of the Institute for Chemical Research, KyotoUniversity (1989), 66(5): 572-579Issue Date 1989-03-15URL http://hdl.handle. net/2433/77273RightType Departmental Bulletin PaperTextversion publisher
School Leadership for ICT and Teachers' Use of Digital Tools

International literature and Norwegian policy documents both identify school leadership as essential in order to implement ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) in teaching and learning practices in the classrooms. Data from an online survey in 2009 of 247 school leaders and 386 teachers from Norwegian primary and lower secondary schools are used to examine if conditions promoted by school leaders are associated with the use of ICT in classrooms by teachers. The research question posed in this paper is if the attitudes and behaviours of school leaders with regard to ICT in their schools correlate with the attitudes and behaviours of teachers? To answer the question, four construct variables are utilised as indicators of school leadership for ICT. These indicators are informative on school leaders’ decisions and beliefs regarding their schools as ICT-using organizations. Results showed that the indicators were correlated with the time teachers spend on ICT in the classrooms and for administrative use, their use of common digital tools and with a construct measuring the teachers’ attitudes towards innovative and student-centred pedagogy (life-long learning attitudes). The indicators of school leadership for ICT carry traits of perspectives from distributed, transformational and pedagogical leadership, but more research is needed in order to align the practice-based indicators with more overarching theoretical concepts.
Towards a Cultural Sensitive Framework for the Investigation of Adult Learners' Approaches to Learning

The significant link between learning and knowledge economy is so crucial that the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001) has reconceptualized the term knowledge-economy to call it 'learning economy'. Ultimately, one of the main challenges of human resource development in the 21 st century is to evaluate the significant learning attributes of the adult learners (Kearns, 1999; Lambert, 2001, July). Literature on Students' Approaches to Learning (Marton & Saljo, 1976), Biggs' 3 P Model (Biggs, 1987a) and Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) (Biggs, 1987b)were used to conceptualize the study. However, studies have reported the weakness of the SPQ for cross cultural studies (Kember, Wong, & Leung, 1999; Tan, Pillay, & Fiona, 2004). Thus, this study acknowledges the importance of cultural issues in the study of learning approaches. The adapted version of SPQ, i.e. R-SPQ-2FM (Revised-Study Process Questionnaire-2 Factors Malaysia) which considered both etic and emic characteristics were administered on 532 Malay and 326 Chinese adult learners. To ensure rigor in the study, response bias pattern was first established with the two cultural groups. Secondly, seven moderating variables (e.g. Age, Work Experience) were included in the analyses for a more comprehensive understanding. Thirdly, SEM was used to examine the fine differences in the models of the two cultural groups. Results show that even in analysis within a country, there are interesting cross-cultural insights between Malay and Chinese adult learners, particularly in the Understanding and Memorizing Approach, Career/Achieve Motives constructs, the effects of 'work experience' and 'time spent on study' have on