Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wireless Charging for Ships: High-Power Inductive Charging for Battery Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Vessels

This article discusses the general challenges of high-power battery charging in marine applications, with a focus on electric ferries that have tight schedules and short docking times. For such applications, inductive wireless power transfer allows for safe and fully automated operations with better utilization of the docking time for charging the batteries. Battery charging for ship applications requires higher power levels in a single charging unit than what has been demonstrated for public transportation systems like buses and trams. The technical challenges of designing high-power inductive charging systems in marine applications are discussed, and the general characteristics of a solution developed for power transfer in the range of 1-2 MW are described. The presented concept, envisioned as an integrated part of a zero emission ferry in Figure 1, has been demonstrated in fullscale laboratory environments and is currently being installed for testing in regular operation on the Norwegian ferry MS Folgefonn, which is a plug-in hybrid vessel being used for industrial demonstration projects.
Vitamin B12, folate and hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with epilepsy

such divergent results. An extensive amount of previous data has shown that phosphorylated neurofilament heavy protein (pNFH) is more stable against proteolysis as compared to NFL. On the other hand, pNFH is susceptible to dephosphorylation, whereas NFL is not. A changed degree of phosphorylation of NFH has been implied in several neurological disorders and in this aspect the assay of CSF NFL is advantageous. Our earlier studies and the present work using NFL as biomarker circumvent this potential problem. CSF NFL levels reflect disease activity in the early phase of MS; ie, levels in CSF are measurable in remission and significantly increased during exacerbations. Moreover, the UmanDiagnostics NF-light R enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is highly sensitive, also enabling quantification of NFL in healthy subjects. By taking the issue of stability among other factors into consideration, we agree with Koel-Simmelink and colleagues that accurate sample handling is a crucial step in CSF biomarker analysis. Thus, all samples in our study, before and after 6 to 12 months of natalizumab treatment, were snap-frozen to 80 C within 6 hours of sampling and not thawed until analysis. This is in line with the recently published consensus protocol for standardization of CSF sample collection. In such conditions, no problems with NFL degradation can be anticipated. The multicenter design of our study also supports the feasibility of this preanalytical sample handling. NFL levels in the CSF were markedly reduced following natalizumab treatment and posttreatment levels were not significantly different from those obtained in healthy subjects. Our results suggest that NFL has the potential to provide treatment efficacy information. Further investigation on pNFH in this CSF sample set and others are warranted. Such studies are in progress.
Satisfaction with joint replacement in public versus private hospitals: a cohort study

Introduction: In Australia, the majority of total knee and hip replacement surgeries occur in the private sector. Outcome‐based research needs to be inclusive of this sector if the findings are intended to reflect the broader picture. This study compares outcomes up to 1 year post knee and hip replacement between patients treated in the public and private sectors.
Sublethal effects of neurotoxic insecticides on insect behavior.

PERSPECTIVES AND OVERVIEWThe behavior of insects, and all animals, is governed by interactions amongneurons within their nervous systems. Insecticides have been selected andsometimes designed for their remarkable ability to kill insects. Most attackspecific sites within the insect’s nervous system (59, 63; see section on modesand sites of action). Therefore it is not surprising that insecticides at levelsthat do not lead to mortality can influence behavior. However, there havebeen few detailed studies concerning the potential behavioral effects ofsublethal doses of insecticides.Studies of the behavioral effects of neurotoxicants are important for severalreasons (89). First, detailed observations of the behavioral symptoms poisoned insects will help to elucidate the modes of action of both novel andconventional insecticides. Second, it is clear that almost all insecticidesinterfere with the normally well-orchestrated behavioral patterns of pestinsects and thus might contribute to management of their populations. Animportant related point is that beneficial insects may be adversely affected bythese compounds in a way that is overlooked by current screening procedures.Lastly, selection may favor those insects that respond to insecticides in theenvironment by minimizing their contact with the toxic material; thus thepotential for evolution of behavioral resistance to insecticides is anotherimportant consideration.Insecticides are the cornerstones upon which pest management practices arebased, and are likely to remain so as long as effective and inexpensivechemicals are available. However, many insect-pest management techniques1490066-4 170/88/0101-0149 $02.00Annual Reviews www.annualreviews. org/aronline
Mitochondrial and microsomal derived reactive oxygen species mediate apoptosis induced by transforming growth factor‐β1 in immortalized rat hepatocytes

Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGFβ1) is a multifunctional cytokine that is over expressed during liver hepatocytes injury and regeneration. SV40‐transformed CWSV‐1 rat hepatocytes that are p53‐defective undergo apoptosis in response to choline deficiency (CD) or TGFβ1, which mediates CD‐apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential mediators of apoptosis. We have shown that apoptosis induced by TGFβ1 is accompanied by ROS generation and the ROS‐trapping agent N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibits TGFβ1‐induced apoptosis. While persistent induction of ROS contributes to this form of apoptosis, the source of ROS generated downstream of TGFβ1 is not clear. The mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum both harbor potent electron transfer chains that might be the source of ROS essential for completion of TGFβ1‐apoptosis. Here we show that CWSV‐1 cells treated with cyclosporine A, which prevents opening of mitochondrial membrane pores required for ROS generation, inhibits TGFβ1‐induced apoptosis. A similar effect was obtained by treating these cells with rotenone, an inhibitor of complex 1 of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain. However, we demonstrate that TGFβ1 induces cytochrome P450 1A1 and that metyrapone, a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A1, inhibits TGFβ1‐induced apoptosis. Therefore, our studies indicate that concurrent with promoting generation of ROS from mitochondria, TGFβ1 also promotes generation of ROS from the cytochrome P450 electron transfer chain. Since inhibition of either of these two sources of ROS interferes with apoptosis, it is reasonable to conclude that the combined involvement of both pathways is essential for completion of TGFβ1‐induced apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 89: 254–261, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mental health care use, morbidity, and socioeconomic status in the United States and Ontario.

This study focuses on mental health problems and compares the association of demographic and socioeconomic factors to the use of mental health specialty care and general medical care in the United States and the Canadian province, Ontario. It also examines how lack of insurance coverage in the United States and perceived need for care affects differences between the two countries. We employ a cross-sectional study design using the 1990 U.S. National Comorbidity Survey and the 1990 Mental Health Supplement to the Ontario Health Survey. Overall, 8.8% of Americans report one or more visits to the health sector for a mental health problem, compared to 6.9% of Canadians in Ontario. Americans with the highest incomes and no mental morbidity are much more likely to receive services than their Canadian counterparts. By contrast, Americans with the lowest incomes and high morbidity are much less likely to receive services for mental health problems than a similar group of Canadians. These results suggest that universal and comprehensive coverage, as exists in Ontario, does not necessarily lead to increased use of services with low value. However, the greater prevalence of perceived need for care among Americans with higher socioeconomic status and low mental morbidity suggests that the United States should be cautious in drawing lessons from other countries.
The speciation of dissolved H 2 O in dacitic melt

We report the first systematic study of H2O speciation in dacitic melt with total dissolved H2O ranging from 1.4 to 2.6 wt%. Samples were heated in a one-atmosphere tube furnace at 480–590 °C for certain durations and then quenched in water or air. Species concentrations were measured with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. At a given temperature, the equilibrium constant for the reaction, H2Om (melt) + O (melt) = 2OH (melt), is roughly constant. At the same temperature and water content, the equilibrium constant for the hydrous species interconversion reaction in dacitic melt appears to be slightly greater than in hydrous rhyolitic melt, reflecting a larger proportion of dissolved H2O as hydroxyl groups in dacitic melt. Our results can be applied to model species equilibrium in hydrous dacitic melt, to estimate the apparent equilibrium temperature of natural dacitic glasses, and to investigate viscosity of hydrous dacitic melts. more than 2.5 wt% (Ihinger et al. 1999). Whether K depends on water content at H2Ot > 2.5 wt% remains a topic of debate (Ihinger et al. 1999; Nowak and Behrens 2001). Speciation in basaltic melt also has received considerable attention (Dixon et al. 1995; Ohlhorst et al. 2001). Experiments were carried out at 1200 °C in internally heated pressure vessels. Dixon et al. (1995) showed that the quenched speciation is the same for normal (8 K/s) and rapid quench (calculated as 500 K/s, Holloway et al. 1992). However, the kinetics of the reaction has not been investigated and the quench effect has not been quantified. Other melt compositions (synthetic Ca-Al-silicate glasses, orthoclase, anorthite, jadeite: Silver et al. 1990; Fe-free andesite: Richet et al. 1996; andesite and dacite: Ohlhorst et al. 2001; andesite and Fe-free andesite: Mandeville et al. 2002) also have been investigated, but these preliminary data also are based on samples quenched from high-temperature experiments (≥850 °C) and probably reflect speciation at the apparent equilibrium temperature (Tae). Here we report the first experimental study of H2O speciation in dacitic melt at 480–590 °C and 1 bar using the heat-and-quench technique. It has been shown that reaction of hydrous species during quench from 400–600 °C is negligible in rhyolitic glasses (Withers et al. 1999). Behrens and Nowak (2003) also showed that water speciation data obtained by the quench technique, by in situ IR measurements and by controlled cooling from superliquidus temperature, are in excellent agreement for rhyolitic and albitic compositions. EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS
Oral contraceptive and antiepileptic drug interaction resulting in contraceptive failure.

This response to a published question about the effect of Dilantin (phenytoin, an antiepileptic drug) on the metabolic rate of estrogen indicates that several reports of contraceptive failure while patients were taking such drugs have been published. In addition, results of 1 study showed that bleeding disorders occurred in some women taking hormonal steroid contraceptives when they were given the anticonvulsant drugs phenobarbital, phenytoin, or carbamazepine. The decreased effectiveness is caused by an increased rate of metabolism of estrogen that resulted from induction of metabolizing enzymes by the anticonvulsant. Because of this interaction, some clinicians recommend alternative contraception for medicated epileptics. Decreased effectiveness of estrogen may also occur with other drugs that induce hepatic enzymes, e.g., barbiturates and sedatives.
Afferent Connections of the Optic Tectum in Lampreys: An Experimental Study

Tectal afferents were studied in adult lampreys of three species (Ichthyomyzon unicuspis, Lampetra fluviatilis, and Petromyzon marinus) following unilateral BDA injections into the optic tectum (OT). In the secondary prosencephalon, neurons projecting to the OT were observed in the pallium, the subhipoccampal lobe, the striatum, the preoptic area and the hypothalamus. Following tectal injections, backfilled diencephalic cells were found bilaterally in: prethalamic eminence, ventral geniculate nucleus, periventricular prethalamic nucleus, periventricular pretectal nucleus, precommissural nucleus, magnocellular and parvocellular nuclei of the posterior commissure and pretectal nucleus; and ipsilaterally in: nucleus of Bellonci, periventricular thalamic nucleus, nucleus of the tuberculum posterior, and the subpretectal tegmentum, as well as in the pineal organ. At midbrain levels, retrogradely labeled cells were seen in the ipsilateral torus semicircularis, the contralateral OT, and bilaterally in the mesencephalic reticular formation and inside the limits of the retinopetal nuclei. In the hindbrain, tectal projecting cells were also bilaterally labeled in the dorsal and lateral isthmic nuclei, the octavolateral area, the sensory nucleus of the descending trigeminal tract, the dorsal column nucleus and the reticular formation. The rostral spinal cord also exhibited a few labeled cells. These results demonstrate a complex pattern of connections in the lamprey OT, most of which have been reported in other vertebrates. Hence, the lamprey OT receives a large number of nonvisual afferents from all major brain areas, and so is involved in information processing from different somatic sensory modalities.
Alpha-2-Macroglobulin Is an Important Progressive Inhibitor of Thrombin in Neonatal and Infant Plasma

Summary Antithrombin III (ATIII) is the main inhibitor of thrombin in adult plasma; α2-macroglobulin (α2M) and heparin cofactor II (HCII) are of lesser importance. The relative contributions of these inhibitors to the inactivation of thrombin may differ during the neonatal period and infancy, when plasma concentrations of α2M are about twice as high as those of ATIII. We therefore compared the relative importance of these anti-proteases for the inhibition of 125I-thrombin in defibrinated pooled adult and neonatal plasma. Observations were also made in pooled plasma of 6 months old infants. 125I-thrombin-inhibitor complexes were quantitated after SDS-PAGE and autoradiography by scanning densitometry. Thrombin (2.5 NIH U/ml) was inhibited more slowly in neonatal than in adult plasma. However, both plasmas inhibited 88% of the added thrombin by 5 minutes. α2M inhibited consistently a larger fraction of thrombin in neonatal than in adult plasma. Consequently, the ratio of thrombin bound to ATIII over thrombin bound to α2M was significantly lower in neonatal (<2.5) than in adult plasma (>4.5; p <0.0001). In infant plasma, this ratio was <2.0. Upon addition of therapeutic amounts of heparin (0.4 U/ml), differences between the contributions of ATIII and α2M to the inhibition of thrombin were no longer apparent, as over 90% of complexed thrombin was bound to ATIII in heparinized plasmas of all age groups. We conclude that α2M is an important progressive inhibitor of thrombin in young infants. This finding may explain why healthy newborns rarely suffer from thrombosis, despite their low plasma ATIII levels.
Test-Retest Reliability of the Emotional Stroop Task: Examining the Paradox of Measurement Change

Abstract The Emotional Stroop (ES) task (I. H. Gotlib & C. D. McCann, 1984) has been proposed as an experimental measure to assess the processing of emotion or the bias in attention of emotion-laden information. However, study results have not been consistent. To further examine its reliability for empirical research, the authors of this study administered the ES task to 33 participants on 2 separate occasions separated by 1 week. Results indicated that retest reliabilities for reaction times (RTs) derived from the 3 separate emotion conditions (manic, neutral, and depressive) across the 1 week interval were very high. However, consistent with previous research, the reliabilities were very low for the interference indices (manic and depressive). These low reliabilities reflect the very high intercorrelation between the RTs derived from the 3 conditions. The authors concluded that a better indicator of the reliability for this task is the individual RTs from each emotion condition.
Allergy: a systemic disease? The HUNT and Young–HUNT study, Norway.

A systemic nature of allergic diseases has been hypothesized. As part of this discussion, we studied if adolescent allergic wheeze and increasing combinations of allergic organ involvements (lung, nose and skin) would also increase the reporting of other health problems (headache, muscle pain and abdominal pain). In addition, we studied if parental asthma was associated with adolescent clustering of allergic expressions and if parental asthma with additional health problems (headache or muscle pain) was associated with adolescent reporting allergy in combination with headache, muscle pain and abdominal pain. Adolescents 13–19 yr (n = 8817, 89%) participated in the Young–HUNT study, Norway, 1995–97. Parental data on asthma were eligible in n = 5620. Health and lifestyle were measured by questionnaires and interviews. Associations with additional health problems were significantly strengthened with combinations of wheeze and other allergic expressions. Odds Ratio for associations ‘wheeze only’, ‘wheeze and rhinitis’ and ‘wheeze, rhinitis and eczema’ were for headache 2.1, 3.4 and 3.7; for muscle pain 2.8, 3.2 and 4.9; for abdominal pain 3.6, 4.0 and 4.9. All p for trend were <0.010. Similar results were obtained when studying allergic wheeze; p for trend <0.001. Parental asthma was associated with clustering of adolescent allergic expressions, and parental asthma with headache or muscle pain was significantly associated with reported allergy combined with similar health problems in their offspring. The results indicate that allergy may be expressed beyond organs commonly viewed as part of an allergic disease, and hence may support a hypothesis of a systemic nature of allergic diseases.
Magnetoencephalography in partial epilepsy: Clinical yield and localization accuracy

The goals of this study were to determine (1) the yield of magnetoencephalography (MEG) according to epilepsy type, (2) if MEG spike sources colocalize with focal epileptogenic pathology, and (3) if MEG can identify the epileptogenic zone when scalp ictal electroencephalogram (EEG) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fail to localize it. Twenty‐two patients with mesial temporal (10 patients), neocortical temporal (3 patients), and extratemporal lobe epilepsy (9 patients) were studied. A 37‐channel biomagnetometer was used for simultaneously recording MEG with EEG. During the typical 2–3–hour MEG recording session, interictal epileptiform activity was observed in 16 of 22 patients. MEG localization yield was greater in patients with neocortical epilepsy (92%) than in those with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (50%). In 5 of 6 patients with focal epileptogenic pathology, MEG spike sources were colocalized with the lesions. In 11 of 12 patients with nonlocalizing (ambiguous abnormalities or normal) MRI, MEG spike sources were localized in the region of the epileptogenic zone as ultimately defined by all clinical and EEG information (including intracranial EEG). In conclusion, MEG can reliably localize sources of spike discharges in patients with temporal and extratemporal lobe epilepsy. MEG sometimes provides noninvasive localization data that are not otherwise available with MRI or conventional scalp ictal EEG.
Developmental trajectories associated with juvenile sexually abusive behaviour and emerging severe personality disorder in childhood: 3 - year study.

BACKGROUND Little is known about the developmental trajectories of juveniles presenting with sexually abusive behaviour or emerging severe personality disorder traits. AIMS To investigate whether ;age at onset' of sexually abusive behaviour and whether emerging severe personality disorder traits are associated with specific developmental profiles. METHOD A retrospective file review of 280 juveniles presenting with sexually abusive behaviour was conducted and follow-up Offenders Index data were analysed. RESULTS Juveniles with early onset (<11 years) of sexually abusive behaviour had higher levels of psychosocial adversity and early childhood antisocial behaviour compared withthose with late onset. Emerging severe personality disorder traits were associated with higher levels of psychosocial adversity, antisocial behaviour, convictions and predatory sexually abusive behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary evidence supports the existence of distinct developmental trajectories within this population and points to a key role for traits of emerging severe personality disorder.
Design and performance of pseudo-spin-MOSFETs using nano-CMOS devices

The design and performance of pseudo-spin-MOSFETs (PS-MOSFETs) using nano-CMOS devices were computationally investigated. The operations of a PS-MOSFET with current-induced magnetization switching were also experimentally demonstrated by the hybrid integration of a vendor-made MOSFET and our-developed spin-transfer-torque magnetic tunnel junction. The nonvolatile SRAM and delay flip-flop applications of PS-MOSFETs were also examined.
Parental Age Differences

Summary Data are presented on a representative sample of legitimate live-born first infants in England, Scotland and Wales. When they are categorized simultaneously by paternal age, maternal age and social class of the father, it is found that: (1) Mean parental age difference (father's age — mother's age) is higher in upper class births than in other births. (2) If a man is younger than his wife, he is probably more likely than otherwise to come from the lower social classes, though this conclusion becomes less secure as the age difference increases in this direction. (3) Mean parental age difference increases with paternal age and decreases with maternal age. (4) For a given paternal age, parental age difference increases with a decline in social class, and for a given maternal age, parental age difference increases with a rise in social class. (5) In general, young parents have smaller mean parental age differences than old parents. If such mating patterns are characteristic of white North Americans one would infer: (1) that the risks of neonatal death and stillbirth previously reported in association with aged paternity are the result of biological rather than sociological phenomena, and (2) that the risks of neonatal death and stillbirth previously reported in association with youthful paternity are the result of sociological rather than biological phenomena. In general, it seems that mean parental age difference is unlikely to be a fruitful clue to the aetiologies of pathological conditions unless there are simultaneous controls on the age of at least one parent and on social class. The question is raised whether age disparity between spouses is associated with childlessness as well as with perinatal death and congenital malformations.