Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Release of Controlled Delivery Granules Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

The objectives of our study were two fold: to examine enantioselective release of controlled delivery granules based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for various racemic drugs, including ibuprofen and ketoprofen (NSAIDs) and propranolol (β-blockers); to evaluate the use of controlled delivery granules containing a combination of different MIPs for the multiple simultaneous enantioselective-controlled delivery of mixed racemic drugs. In this work, the MIP beads selective to S-Ibuprofen, S-ketoprofen, and R-propranolol were prepared using multistep swelling and thermal polymerization method. Afterward, the MIP beads were formulated with racemate of the chiral drugs and a binder and followed by granulation. Then, the enantioselective release of racemic drugs from the prepared MIP granules was investigated by an in vitro dissolution test using a chiral HPLC for assays of enantiomers. The influence of drug/polymer ratio and medium pH on the selective enantiomeric release of MIP granules was explored. Further, the release of the enantiomers of racemic ibuprofen and racemic ketoprofen from the granule containing two MIPs - S-ibuprofen MIP and S-ketoprofen MIP - was examined. The release profiles of both S-ibuprofen MIP granule and R-propranolol MIP granule exhibited differential release of enantiomers. Also, the findings indicated the stereoselective retardation of those controlled delivery granules as well as the influence of MIP formulation on enantioselective release mechanism. The enantioselective release of S-ibuprofen MIP granule and R-propranolol MIP granule appeared to depend on polymer loading and medium pH. In this case, the drug/polymer ratio of 1:25 showed the best enantioselective release with initial enantiomeric excess of 100%. On the other hand, the enantioselectivity of both granules was the greatest in buffer pH 7.4. Furthermore, the efficiency in enantioselective release of the combined MIP granule was higher than its relative single MIP granules, as a result of the cross-reactivities of the MIPs. In our study, controlled delivery granules based on MIPs demonstrated significant enantioselective release for several chiral drugs, and thus it may be developed as a tool to administer chiral pharmaceutical as a single enantiomer.
UEFA champions league revenues, performance and participation 2003–2004 to 2016–2017

ABSTRACT UEFA Champions League revenues continue to grow (€1.3bn in 2016–2017), although previous studies highlight competitive imbalance within the competition, and in the leagues supplying teams. UEFA is increasing the allocation of automatic places for the top four ranked leagues for 2018–2019, and altering the financial distribution model. This paper analyses the representation, performance and revenue distribution from 2003–2004 to 2016–2017. UEFAs priorities are split, between meeting their governance responsibility to 55 member nations, and meeting the commercial expectations from clubs. The findings demonstrate the current structure significantly benefits a small proportion of clubs, with sixteen clubs receiving €5.6bn (52%) of all revenue. The market pool element of the distribution model is where the most differences lie. Discussions include the benefits and issues with the quota changes around representation, revenue and performance, with reference to UEFAs aim to offer “fair competition” and “fair distribution” in the future.
Inactivation of the LRP1 Intracellular NPxYxxL Motif in LDLR-Deficient Mice Enhances Postprandial Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis

Objective—The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of the intracellular NPxYxxL motif of LRP1 for the atheroprotective role of this multifunctional receptor. Methods and Results—LRP1 knock-in mice carrying an inactivating mutation in the NPxYxxL motif were crossed with LDLR-deficient mice, a model for atherosclerosis. In this LDLR−/− background the mutated mice showed a more atherogenic lipoprotein profile, which was associated with a decreased clearance of postprandial lipids because of a compromised endocytosis rate and reduced lipase activity. On an atherogenic diet LRP1 mutant mice revealed a 50% increased development of atherosclerosis. This aggravation was accompanied by an increase in smooth muscle cell (SMC) and collagen content and apoptotic cells in the lesions. The mutation showed, however, a limited impact on basal PDGFR-&bgr; expression and signaling and the antimigratory property of apoE on PDGF-BB–stimulated SMCs. Additionally, levels of LRP1 atherogenic ligands, like MMP2, t-PA, FVIII, and the inflammatory ligand TNF-&agr; showed to be significantly elevated. Conclusion—These findings demonstrate that the NPxYxxL motif is essential for the atheroprotective role of LRP1. This motif is relevant for normal control of lipid metabolism and of atherogenic and inflammatory ligands, but has no pronounced effect on regulating PDGF-BB/PDGFR-&bgr; signaling in SMCs.
Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods1

This article assesses the sources and consequences of public disorder. Based on the videotaping and systematic rating of more than 23,000 street segments in Chicago, highly reliable scales of social and physical disorder for 196 neighborhoods are constructed. Census data, police records, and an independent survey of more than 3,500 residents are then integrated to test a theory of collective efficacy and structural constraints. Defined as cohesion among residents combined with shared expectations for the social control of public space, collective efficacy explains lower rates of crime and observed disorder after controlling neighborhood structural characteristics. Collective efficacy is also linked to lower rates of violent crime after accounting for disorder and the reciprocal effects of violence. Contrary to the "broken windows" theory, however, the relationship between public disorder and crime is spurious except perhaps for robbery.
The interaction between governance, social responsibility, and territorial attractiveness: an application of “the structural equation modeling approach”

The purpose of this article is to present and test a conceptual framework that describes how the government’s commitment in improving corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices promotes the attraction of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Tunisia. As such, this conceptual framework inspires the existence of an interaction between the improvement of CSR practices by public policies (PP), and the attraction of FDI. In this regard, this study applied structural equation modeling (SEM) to empirically test this proposed model. It finds that the Tunisian government is valuing CSR and considering it as an investment. It presents examples of instruments, PP and tools that encourage to adopt CSR practices, thus, enhancing the attraction of FDI, which will have a positive impact on the growth of the country in terms of wealth creation, jobs and poverty reduction.
Salmonella osteoarticular infection without predisposing factors

Salmonella osteoarticular infection without predisposing factors In their case report (July 1999 JRSM, p. 363), Mr Spencer and colleagues show an anteroposterior radiograph of the right shoulder with a lytic lesion in the greater tuberosity of the humerus. This is a normal variant, occurring in 10% of shoulders, and is referred to as a humeral pseudocystl. Misdiagnosis leads to unnecessary biopsy and the correct diagnosis can usually be made on the plain radiograph alone. Comparative views are useful since the lesion is typically bilateral. The investigation of choice in doubtful cases is scintigraphy, which is characteristically negative-although this does not, of course, exclude myeloma. False positives do occur and these are usually due to adjacent disease such as ligamentous avulsion and calcific tendinitis. The septic arthritis referred to cannot be disputed, but the acute osteomyelitis can. John Houghton Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Countess of Chester Hospital, Chester CH2 1UL, UK
PI3Kδ Inhibition Augments the Efficacy of Rapamycin in Suppressing Proliferation of Epstein−Barr Virus (EBV)+ B Cell Lymphomas

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) continues to be a devastating and potentially life‐threatening complication in organ transplant recipients. PTLD is associated with EBV infection and can result in malignant B cell lymphomas. Here we demonstrate that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is highly activated in EBV+ B cell lymphoma lines derived from patients with PTLD. Treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor Rapamycin (RAPA) partially inhibited the proliferation of EBV+ B cell lines. Resistance to RAPA treatment correlated with high levels of Akt phosphorylation. An mTORC1/2 inhibitor and a PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor suppressed Akt phosphorylation and showed a greater anti‐proliferative effect on EBV+ B lymphoma lines compared to RAPA. EBV+ B cell lymphoma lines expressed high levels of PI3Kδ. We demonstrate that PI3Kδ is responsible for Akt activation in EBV+ B cell lymphomas, and that selective inhibition of PI3Kδ by either siRNA, or a small molecule inhibitor, augmented the anti‐proliferative effect of RAPA on EBV+ B cell lymphomas. These results suggest that PI3Kδ is a novel, potential therapeutic target for the treatment of EBV‐associated PTLD and that combined blockade of PI3Kδ and mTOR provides increased efficacy in inhibiting proliferation of EBV+ B cell lymphomas.
St Helens Drug Testing Profile (2013/14 to 2015/16)

The Drug Interventions Programme (DIP) process begins with the police arresting and drug testing potential drug using offenders. If offenders test positive for Class A drugs they are served with a Required Assessment (RA) by the police. This is a compulsory legal sanction for the individual to attend up to two appointments (initial/follow-up RA) with a drugs worker. During these assessments the drugs worker will assess the individual’s drug use and offending behaviour and, if necessary, encourage them to engage with drug treatment services. This drug testing profile for St Helens presents drug testing data between April 2013 and March 2016, with an emphasis on the most recent financial year (2015/16). This profile contextualises Merseyside Police drug testing data by providing numbers and trends of drug using offenders identified through this route into the DIP system and a demographic overview of the client group. This profile also provides recommendations for local government, commissioners and service providers, in terms of the efficient use of resources and effective services locally and across Merseyside.
[Quality of surgical continuing education in plastic surgery in Germany].

PURPOSE Medical profession lost continuously attractiveness due to various reasons (insufficient training, irregular working time, decreasing income) in the last years. This does notably apply to surgical disciplines. In a survey should be clarified to what extent this dissatisfaction may be the case for residents and young specialists in plastic surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS A questionnaire was sent to all associated members of the "Vereinigung der Deutschen Plastischen Chirurgen (VDPC)" and was published in the communication journal of the VDPC. The questionnaire was sent back by 91 surgical residents or newly specialists (about 19 % of all). RESULTS A well structured residency program existed for 47 %. 40 % of the residents were satisfied with the teaching assistance by their clinical teachers in the OR, whereas the fewest surgical procedures were done in the field of aesthetic surgery (n = 7). At least once per year it was possible for 80 % to take part in seminars or congresses. Therefore 45 % had to take holyday. For 44 % no financial support was paid. As perspective 30 % aim a career advancement in their hospitals and 18 % aim a private practice as plastic surgeon. CONCLUSION To some extent training structures in plastic surgery are not well established. An urgent challenge should be to develop improvements in the continuing education in plastic surgery. This includes an increase in internal training, an organised rotation of residents between different hospitals, and structured mentoring of the residents.
Control of adenovirus packaging

The results of studies of Adenovirus have contributed to our basic understanding of the molecular biology of the cell. While a great body of knowledge has been developed concerning Ad gene expression, viral replication, and effects on the infected host, the molecular details of the assembly process of Adenovirus particles are largely unknown. In this article, we would like to propose a theoretical model for the packaging and assembly of Adenovirus and present an overview of the studies that have contributed to our present understanding. In particular, we will summarize the molecular details of the process for packaging of viral DNA into virus particles and highlight the events in packaging and assembly that require further study. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluating subconjunctival bleb function after trabeculectomy using slit-lamp optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy.

BACKGROUND The existing classifications for evaluating glaucoma filtering blebs rely mostly on external bleb characteristics and the postoperative control of intraocular pressure (IOP). Internal bleb structures are not carefully observed. This study aimed to analyze and compare glaucoma filtering bleb morphology using slit-lamp-adapted optical coherence tomography (SL-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and to classify blebs according to results and intraocular pressure. METHODS We followed 29 eyes of 21 male patients and 40 eyes of 32 female patients who underwent glaucoma filtering surgery in Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai, between 2002 and 2006. The blebs were imaged using SL-OCT and UBM and classified according to the intrableb morphology and control of IOP after surgery. A Fisher's exact test was used to compare the sensitivity for predicting a functioning bleb differed significantly between SL-OCT and UBM. A Fisher's exact test was also used for morphological analysis of the trabeculectomy blebs based on SL-OCT. RESULTS In the 69 eyes, there were 45 (65.2%) functioning blebs and 24 (34.8%) non-functioning blebs. We classified the blebs into four categories on the basis of SL-OCT images: diffuse, cystic, encapsulated and flat. Diffuse and cystic blebs were typically functional, whereas the other two types were always non-functional. The sensitivity of SL-OCT for predicting a functioning bleb was 92.7% (38/41 eyes) and specificity of predicting a non-functioning bleb was 83.3% (20/24 eyes). By contrast, sensitivity of UBM was 66.7% (30/45 eyes) and specificity was 75.0% (18/24 eyes). The sensitivity for predicting a functioning bleb differed significantly between the two techniques (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS SL-OCT provides high-axial-resolution images of anterior segment structures. The non-contact approach of SL-OCT enables visualization of intrableb structures at any time after surgery. SL-OCT has greater sensitivity and specificity than UBM in evaluating filtering bleb function. The morphological classification supported the assessment of bleb function and could provide objective data for evaluating the outcome of antiglaucoma surgery or the need for a second procedure.
Ammoniated forage toxicosis in nursing calves: a herd outbreak.

In the 1980's there was an increase in the use of anhydrous ammonia by livestock producers to increase the nutritive value of available forage feeds. Investigators have demonstrated that treatment with anhydrous ammonia improves nitrogen content, dry matter intake, and digestibility of poor quality roughages (1). Ammoniation of high quality forages that are baled or stored with a high moisture content will also reduce spoilage. Ammoniation prevents heating and subsequent microbial proliferation, fermentation, and mould formation (2,3). However, there have been several reports of a syndrome of neurological disease ("bovine bonkers", "bovine hysteria") in mature cattle, feedlot animals, and nursing calves, related to the feeding of ammoniated forages (4-6). The heterocyclic ring compound 4-methylimidazole is a by-product of the ammoniation of carbohydrates and it has been proposed as the toxin responsible for this clinical syndrome (7,8). We report herein an outbreak of neurological disease in nursing calves whose dams were fed ammoniated barley greenfeed; the cows did not show concurrent clinical signs. In March, 1989, three beef calves (two live and one dead), aged between 2 and 12 days, were presented to the Large Animal Clinic of the Western College of Veterinary Medicine (WCVM) with a history of aberrant behavior and neurological signs. The calves were from a Charolais-cross cow herd of 68 animals, 21 of which had calved at the time of the outbreak. Prior to calving, the cows were housed in a feedlot, were fed 2 kg of grain/animal/day, and had free access to bales of slough hay and ammoniated barley greenfeed. The farmer estimated that the cows were consuming 4 kg of greenfeed and 8 kg of hay/animalday on an as fed basis. Just before parturition, individual cows were moved to a precalving area where only the greenfeed and grain were fed. This diet was maintained postcalving.
Time Courses of Cortical Glucose Metabolism and Microglial Activity Across the Life Span of Wild-Type Mice: A PET Study

Contrary to findings in the human brain, 18F-FDG PET shows cerebral hypermetabolism of aged wild-type (WT) mice relative to younger animals, supposedly due to microglial activation. Therefore, we used dual-tracer small-animal PET to examine directly the link between neuroinflammation and hypermetabolism in aged mice. Methods: WT mice (5–20 mo) were investigated in a cross-sectional design using 18F-FDG (n = 43) and translocator protein (TSPO) (18F-GE180; n = 58) small-animal PET, with volume-of-interest and voxelwise analyses. Biochemical analysis of plasma cytokine levels and immunohistochemical confirmation of microglial activity were also performed. Results: Age-dependent cortical hypermetabolism in WT mice relative to young animals aged 5 mo peaked at 14.5 mo (+16%, P < 0.001) and declined to baseline at 20 mo. Similarly, cortical TSPO binding increased to a maximum at 14.5 mo (+15%, P < 0.001) and remained high to 20 mo, resulting in an overall correlation between 18F-FDG uptake and TSPO binding (R = 0.69, P < 0.005). Biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the TSPO small-animal PET findings. Conclusion: Age-dependent neuroinflammation is associated with the controversial observation of cerebral hypermetabolism in aging WT mice.
Improvement in Dissolution of Bosentan Monohydrate by Solid Dispersions Using Spray Drying Technique

Result: The significant rise in a saturation solubility 174.23±1.36 mg/mL; and drug dissolution 95.11±1.22%; was observed with optimized formulation (SD 6). The solid state characterization of optimized formulation (SD 6) by SEM, DSC, and XRPD revealed the absence of crystalline nature of BM in solid dispersion. High dissolution rate of solid dispersion (SD 6) compared with pure drug indicated the increase in dissolution characteristics.
Pengaruh Viral Marketing terhadap Keputusan Pembelian

Abstract. The purpose of this research is to find the viral marketing at ngorea bistro bandung, to know the level decision the purchase of ngorea bistro bandung and to find how big the influence of viral marketing of the decision purchase. The study is done at ngorea bistro bandung, with the survey and the kind of research verifikatif and using analysis simple regression mixed with spss. The subject of the research is 100 respondents. In any sample withdrawal is non the probability of sampling insidensial sampling. An analysis of the data used was regression analysis simple aims to test the hypothesis. The implementation of the viral marketing at ngorea bistro namely use dimensions (1) electronic media (2) involvement with the product (3) knowledge with product (4) discuss product (5) reduce uncertainty. The results show that there is a viral marketing of the decision by the purchase p = 0.000, a correlation coefficient of 0.680 (R=0.680), and coefficients determinan (R-Square/ ) of 46,3% it means there were influence between viral marketing by purchasing decision. Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan viral marketing di Ngorea Bistro kota Bandung, untuk mengetahui tanggapan konsumen tentang viral marketing di Ngorea Bistro kota Bandung, untuk mengetahui tingkat keputusan pembelian terhadap Ngorea Bistro kota Bandung , dan untuk mencari seberapa besar pengaruh viral marketing terhadap keputusan pembelian. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Ngorea Bistro Kota Bandung, dengan metode survey dan jenis penelitian verifikatif dan serta menggunakan analisis regresi sederhana yang diolah dengan SPSS. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 100 orang responden. Dengan teknik penarikan sampel adalah non probability sampling yaitu insidensial sampling. Analisis data yang di gunakan adalah analisis regresi sederhana yang bertujuan untuk menguji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh viral marketing terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan nilai p = 0.000, koefisien korelasi sebesar 0.680 (R = 0.680), dan koefisien determinan (R-Square/ ) sebesar 46,3%. Artinya terdapat pengaruh antara viral marketing terhadap keputusan pembelian.
The effect of county non-attainment status on the product mix of plants in the pulp, paper, and paperboard industries

ABSTRACT This paper examines the effect of ground-level ozone county non-attainment status on the product-mix decisions of plants in the pulp, paper, and paperboard industries. Plants located in non-attainment counties face more stringent standards than plants located in attainment counties. These standards may plausibly induce firms to reduce output of pollution-intensive products (products that lead to ozone-forming emissions of volatile organic compounds) or drop some of these products entirely. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we find evidence that plants in non-attainment counties (treatment group) are more likely to drop pollution-intensive products relative to non-pollution-intensive products compared to plants in attainment counties (control group).
Ultrasound-Guided Approach for L5 Dorsal Ramus Block and Fluoroscopic Evaluation in Unpreselected Cadavers

Background and Objectives Medial branch blocks are frequently performed to diagnose lumbar facet-joint–mediated pain. Ultrasound guidance can increase practicability and eliminate exposure to ionizing radiation when compared with fluoroscopy. However, ultrasound-guided L5 dorsal ramus block, which, together with L4 medial branch block is necessary to anesthetize the most commonly affected facet joint L5/S1, has not been described so far. The objective of this study was to develop a technique and to evaluate its accuracy with standard fluoroscopy in unpreselected cadavers. Methods Twenty ultrasound-guided L5 dorsal ramus block approaches were performed with a new oblique out-of-plane technique in a rotated cross-axis view bilaterally in 10 cadavers. After checking the needle position in a second perpendicular sonographic plane, the final needle position was confirmed with conventional fluoroscopy by an independent observer. Results All cadavers had significant degenerations of the lumbar spine, and 5 of them had moderate to severe spondylolisthesis. Skin-to-target distances were 42 ±7 mm. Sixteen L5 dorsal ramus block attempts were located at the exact radiological target, 1 was slightly too lateral, and 3 were slightly too caudal (3–10 mm away). The overall success rate in unpreselected cadavers reached 80% (95% confidence interval, 56%–94%) and in the subgroup of corpses without spondylolisthesis 100% (95% confidence interval, 69%–100%). Conclusions This is the first study to show that ultrasound-guided L5 dorsal ramus block is accurate and feasible in the absence of significant spondylolisthesis when performed with an oblique out-of-plane technique.