Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Prevalence of Bacteria Helicobacter pylori in Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cancer is a complex disease that is variable in its presentation, development and outcome. The same heterogeneity and variability exist at the cellular and molecular level. Cancer is a multistep process during which cells undergo intense metabolic and behavioral changes, leading them to prolife rate in an extreme and early way to escape supervision by the immune system and ultimately invades distant tissues to form metastases. Globally, almost 20% of cancers are related to infectious agents. Several viruses with oncogenic poten tial stimulate cell proliferation leading to cancer in animals and humans. Viruses, in particular, have been found to play a major role in the process of cancer involving several organs. Bacterial species related with cancer etiology are varied; however, the infections they cause have common characteristics. The asso ciation between Helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinoma is well established but the association between H. pylori and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not evident. Studies have also reported the existence of H. pylori in the oral cavity, but whether the oral cavity serves as an extra gastric source for H. pylori or carries the organism only transiently is debatable. Hence, with this aim in the mind, we conducted the present study to evaluate the incidence of H. pylori in premalignant disorders and OSCC.
Some risk factors and effective agents on cardiovascular diseases incidence: The cross-sectional study in three cities in Southwest of Iran

Introduction: Among the chronic diseases, cardiovascular disease is the most important and most common cause of death in many countries. The aim of this study was to determine some risk factors and effective agents on cardiovascular diseases incidence by studying the cases of 705 patients referred to the hospital of 22 Bahman in Masjed Soleyman that were residing in Masjed Soleyman, Lali and Andika. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional analytical descriptive study, 705 cases of patients with cardiovascular disease admitted to the Masjed Soleyman Hospital of 22 Bahman that lived in the Masjed Soleyman, Lali and Andika, which were studied for 3 years from 2016 to 2018. Data were then entered into SPSS software version 20 and analyzed by descriptive statistics, analytical tests and significant level of P 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that cardiovascular disease is also found in people with a poorer economic status, lower education, people with family history of heart disease, smoking (especially unstable angina and myocardial infarction), positive troponin (especially in unstable angina and myocardial infarction), had a history of pulmonary and renal problems there were statistically significant more than others. Therefore, it is necessary to take necessary educational measures to reduce some of these risk factors.
T cells targeting multiple tumor-associated antigens as a postremission treatment to prevent or delay relapse in acute myeloid leukemia

Background Relapse is a major problem in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and adversely affects survival. Tumor-associated antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (TAA-CTLs)-based therapy was introduced and increasingly used clinically to kill tumor cells via tumor antigen activation. Method In this study, we expanded autologous lymphocytes reactive to five TAA (NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A3, WT1, Survivin, and PRAME) and evaluated its safety and efficacy in 9 patients with AML at high risk of relapse. Results Before first TAA-CTL infusion, 5 patients were minimal residual disease (MRD) positive, whereas 4 were MRD negative. Patients received TAA-CTL infusion for 1–3 times. None of them had obvious adverse reactions during or post the infusion. Of the 4 MRD-negative patients who were infused with TAA-CTLs, one developed relapsed disease. Among 5 MRD+ patients, there was a demonstrable antileukemic effect of the TAA-CTLs alone without any concomitant chemotherapy in 2 patients, as demonstrated by the negative of MRD in bone marrow after TAA-CTL infusion. Conclusions In summary, we have observed preliminary indications of activity and safety after administration of autologous TAA-CTLs in patients with AML. The ultimate question of clinical efficacy, however, will need to be addressed in a larger trial with larger homogeneous patient population.
Fatigue and recovery of central nervous system function following intermittent-sprint exercise

Research into fatigue following sports characterised by intermittent sprint exercise has increased substantially in recent years. However, when investigating post-exercise impairments in muscle function and recovery thereof, studies have predominantly focused on peripheral perturbations. The aim of this thesis was to examine the aetiology of impairments in neuromuscular function which occur following intermittent sprint exercise, with a focus on both peripheral and central perturbations. Study 1 determined the optimal protocol for the measurement of corticospinal excitability (CSE), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation (ICF) in the rectus femoris using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Study 2 examined the reliability of single- and paired-pulse TMS measures, as well as the reliability of measures of neuromuscular and physical function and perceptual assessments, when measured within-day and on consecutive days. These studies informed the methodology of subsequent chapters, and demonstrated that these variables could be assessed reliability within- and between-days. Study 3 examined the aetiology and recovery of perturbations in neuromuscular function following competitive football match-play. The study demonstrated that football match-play elicited substantial post-match impairments in isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) strength of the knee extensors (-14%, P < 0.001) that persisted for 48 h (-4%, P = 0.01), before recovering by 72 h post-exercise. In addition, match-play elicited protracted impairments in contractile function, as demonstrated through considerable post-match reductions in potentiated twitch force (−14%; P < 0.001), which persisted at 24 h (−6%; P = 0.01) before recovering by 48 h. Furthermore, match-play evoked prolonged impairment in central nervous system (CNS) function, with a decline in the capacity of the CNS to voluntarily activate muscle post-match (−8%; P < 0.001), which persisted at 24 h (−5%; P = 0.01) and required up to 48 h to recover. Study 3 implemented a novel method of cryotherapy using phase change material (PCM) in an attempt to accelerate recovery following match-play. The study showed that wearing cold PCM garments had no effect on recovery when compared with a placebo control. These studies provide novel insight into the aetiology of fatigue following intermittent sprint exercise, which elicits prolonged impairments in CNS function, requiring up to 48 h to resolve.
The challenge of drug resistant tuberculosis

Tuberculosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally with 10.4 million new cases worldwide in 2015 (WHO data). Drug resistance has also emerged as a public health concern in high-income countries as a result of immigration from endemic areas, the HIV pandemic and immunosuppressive treatments. The challenge this expansion poses to public health authorities is illustrated by an outbreak of isoniazid resistant tuberculosis in London (UK) in which over 400 cases have been diagnosed since 1995. The main scope of this thesis is to address the challenges of drug resistant tuberculosis, with a particular focus on the applications of whole genome sequencing to the drug discovery process. A multi-strategy approach has been adopted, starting with the use of next generation sequencing to understand pathogenicity and discover new potential drug targets, to the laboratory testing of new compounds. Using a sub-cluster of strains from the London outbreak, our findings have confirmed the utility of whole genome sequencing in understanding the pathogenesis of clinical strains, discovering specific genetic mutations that may have allowed the outbreak to persist for years. At the same time, we have also integrated sequencing technologies within the screening process of new compounds and we have demonstrated its potential role in elucidating the mechanism of action of old and new drugs, in particular para-aminosalicylic acid and its newly created analogues. The repurposing of current drugs (carbapenems) has been evaluated as a potential treatment in case of drug resistance whilst gold nanoparticles have been assessed as alternative compounds. Hence, this thesis has reflected the complexity of addressing the challenge of drug resistant tuberculosis and how a multi strategy approach is essential for the eradication of this global pathogen.
Implementation and Outcomes of Lay Health Worker–Led Self-Management Interventions for Long-Term Conditions and Prevention: A Systematic Review

The aim of this study was to systematically review lay health worker (LHW)–led self-management interventions for adults with long-term conditions to see how the interventions have been implemented and to compose a synthesis of research findings, taking into consideration the intervention components that have been applied. We conducted systematic searches for articles published between January 2010 and December 2015 in five databases: Cochrane, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Forty original studies were found that met the inclusion criteria: self-management with diabetes (n = 29), cardiovascular diseases (n = 8), and those at risk of cardiovascular diseases (n = 3). These consisted of 22 randomized controlled trials and 18 other trials, with durations of 1 day to 24 months. The findings showed that the training of LHWs and the implementation of interventions varied widely. A synthesis of the implementation methods covers the background of the LHWs and the interventions as well as the components applied in each. Eight interventions had effects on physical activity and eight on nutrition behavior. The review also includes preliminary findings on intervention components effective in improving physical activity and nutrition behavior, including self-monitoring as a behavior change technique and group meetings as an intervention format. The same components and behavior change techniques were applied in effective and noneffective interventions. The review found that LHW-led interventions have potential in promoting self-management in long-term condition. In the future, a qualified and evidence-based structure for LHW-led interventions is suggested in order to improve the systematization of interventions and their effects.
Effects of Chronic Inhalation of Electronic Cigarette Vapor Containing Nicotine on Neurotransmitters in the Frontal Cortex and Striatum of C57BL/6 Mice

Electronic (E)-cigarettes are the latest form of nicotine delivery device and are highly popular in the general population. It is currently unknown whether vaping E-cigarettes (E-CIGs) leads to nicotine addiction. Alterations in the levels of the neurotransmitters in the mesocorticolimbic areas have been reported to mediate the initiation and development of nicotine addiction. Therefore, to determine whether E-CIGs activate the same addiction pathways as conventional cigarettes, we investigated for the effects of daily inhalation of nicotine (24 mg/ml)-containing E-CIG vapor for 6 months on the concentrations of these neurotransmitters in the frontal cortex (FC) and striatum (STR) of male C57BL/6 mice as compared to control group that was exposed to air only. We reported here that 6-month E-CIG vapor containing nicotine inhalation decreased dopamine concentration only in the STR. There were no changes in serotonin concentrations in the FC or STR. Chronic E-CIG exposure also increased glutamate concentration in the STR alone, while glutamine concentrations were increased in both the FC and STR. We found that E-CIG exposure also decreased GABA concentration only in the FC. These data suggest that chronic E-CIG use alters homeostasis of several neurotransmitters in the mesocorticolimbic areas, which may result in the development of nicotine dependence in E-CIG users.
In-office wide-awake hand surgery versus traditional surgery in the operating room: a comparison of clinical outcomes and healthcare costs at an academic institution

Background: Our study compared clinical outcomes and healthcare costs of A1 pulley release performed wide-awake in an office setting to A1 pulley release performed in an operating room with monitored anesthesia care (MAC) at a United States academic institution. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on consecutive patients who underwent single-digit A1 pulley release wide-awake in an office setting or in an ambulatory surgical center with MAC. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the modified Disabilities Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores and a telephone questionnaire. Hospital financial records were reviewed for all patients and the summation of professional fee, anesthesiology fee, and hospital fee was calculated to determine healthcare cost. Financial comparisons were stratified by insurance carriers. Results: There were 76 patients with complete records: 43 wide-awake, 33 traditional. Both groups had significant improvement in postoperative quick DASH scores. When asked about subsequent surgery, 100% of wide-awake patients and 68% of traditional patients reported they would prefer to be wide-awake. Eighty percent of wide-awake patients said the procedure was less painful or comparable to a procedure at the dentist. Eighty-four percent of wide-awake patients said their experience was better than they expected, compared to 23% of traditional patients. The traditional group had significantly higher total healthcare costs ($2148.62 vs. $607.65), a more than 250% increase in healthcare spending. Professional reimbursement was significantly higher in the wide-awake group ($607.65 vs. $298.83). Conclusions: A1 pulley release performed with patients wide-awake in an office setting led to higher patient satisfaction, decreased healthcare spending and higher physician reimbursement than when performed in an operating room with sedation.
Glenohumeral and Scapular Adaptations in Overhead Throwing Athletes

In overhead athletes, the shoulder complex joint is strongly required especially during movements of external rotation with abduction. This makes these athletes suffer adaptations both in bone and inert structures.The purpose of our study was to evaluate shoulder axial rotation, scapular upward rotation and protraction of three different groups, team-handball players, swimmers and a control group. Thirty-three male participants, divided into three groups (handball, swimming and, control), aged between 16 and 36 years. Handball players present a lower total arc of motion (TRM), thedifferences found are statistically significant (P = 0.003). Regarding protraction, differences were observed concerning the dominant member both in handball and swimming athletes in resting position (0°, P = 0.007);between the handball and control group (P = 0.005) at 45° of abduction; at 90° of abduction, differences were found between the handball and swimming group (P =0.004) and the handball and control group (P = 0.017). Swimmers are those with higher values of scapular superior rotation in both members.The Handball player’s presented lower internal rotation values; however, theydid not present external rotation gains. These athletes present higher scapular protraction. In this group we found changes that are common in overhead athletes with many years of practice or injured subjects.
A clinical study of surgical management of distal femur fracture using locking compression plate

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Fractures of distal femur are common due to increased road traffic accidents and fall from height because of increased construction activities. These fractures are quite disabling hence, these fractures necessitate early stabilization of fractures. Internal fixation with LCP has shown to give one of the best results in terms of recovery, fracture union, and clinical outcome. The aim of the study the clinical outcome of treatment of distal femur fractures using locking compression plates. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of n=20 cases of distal femur fractures treated with LCP from December 2013 to June 2015 at NMCH and RC, Raichur. They were admitted and examined according to protocol clinically and radiologically. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 6 months and outcome assessed with Neer’s score. <strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> All fractures healed with an average duration of 16 weeks which is comparable with other studies. We had two cases of varus collapse one was due to early weight bearing in one case and other case is due to gross communition. One case had an implant failure (plate breakage) due to early weight bearing. Cases needing hardware revision is comparable to other studies at 10%. Average Neer's knee score was 76. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> we have found higher Neer’s scores in this study. The LCP also prevents compression of periosteal vessels. It may not completely solve the age-old problems associated with any fracture like non-union and malunion, but is a valuable technique in the management of these fractures. But however, in type C fractures the outcome is poorer. </p>
Effects of 12-Week Supplementation of a Polyherbal Formulation in Old Adults with Prehypertension/Hypertension: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background Uncontrolled blood pressure is the leading cause of mortality and disability due to associated cerebral and cardiovascular diseases and kidney failure. More than one-third of the old adult population have hypertension or prehypertension and many of their blood pressure are poorly controlled. Objective We hypothesized that plant extracts-based antioxidants may benefit those with prehypertension/hypertension. Method One hundred age- and gender-matched healthy older adults were randomly assigned to receive HyperBalance capsules (n=50) or placebo (n=50) at Tang-Qiao Community Health Service Center, Shanghai. Blood pressure and severity scores of hypertension treatment-related symptoms (dizziness, headache, ringing/buzzing in ears, rapid heart rate, and chest tightness) were evaluated before and after the 12-week intervention. Results Ninety-eight people completed the study, with 2 dropouts in the placebo group before the end of the study. Forty-one subjects (82%) of the HyperBalance group and 40 subjects (83.3%) of the placebo group had prehypertension (systolic blood pressures (SBP) between 130-139 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 85-89mmHg), and 9 subjects (18%) in the HyperBalance group and 8 subjects (16.7%) in the placebo group had hypertension (≥140/90mmHg) before the intervention. HyperBalance significantly (P<0.01) reduced SBP from 136.18±4.38 to 124.14±3.96 mmHg and reduced DBP from 82.45±2.91 to 80.24±2.41mmHg, respectively, and reversed all 9 hypertension people to normotension or prehypertension state, whereas the placebo moderately reduced SBP from 135.79±4.22 to 132.35±4.656mmHg and reduced DBP from 82.90±3.07 to 82.27±3.01mmHg. All symptom severity scores became significantly lower in the HyperBalance group than in the placebo group after HyperBalance intervention: dizziness (0.82±0.44; vs 2.02±0.64, P<0.01); headache (0.46±0.50; vs 1.81±0.61, P<0.01); ringing/buzzing in ears (0.44±0.50; vs 1.04±0.29, P<0.01); and rapid heart rate and chest tightness (0.30±0.46; vs 0.92±0.28, P<0.01). Conclusion Polyherbal supplementation such as HyperBalance could benefit old adults with prehypertension/hypertension and improve treatment-related symptoms. Further studies are needed to validate the current findings.
The AI trilemma: Saving the planet without ruining our jobs

Digitalization and artificial intelligence increasingly affect the world of work. Rising risk of massive job losses have sparked technological fears. Limited income and productivity gains concentrated among a few tech companies are fueling inequalities. In addition, the increasing ecological footprint of digital technologies has become the focus of much discussion. This creates a trilemma of rising inequality, low productivity growth and high ecological costs brought by technological progress. How can this trilemma be resolved? Which digital applications should be promoted specifically? And what should policymakers do to address this trilemma? This contribution shows that policymakers should create suitable conditions to fully exploit the potential in the area of network applications (transport, information exchange, supply, provisioning) in order to reap maximum societal benefits that can be widely shared. This requires shifting incentives away from current uses toward those that can, at least partially, address the trilemma. The contribution analyses the scope and limits of current policy instruments in this regard and discusses alternative approaches that are more aligned with the properties of the emerging technological paradigm underlying the digital economy. In particular, it discusses the possibility of institutional innovations required to address the socio-economic challenges resulting from the technological innovations brought about by artificial intelligence.
Document Classification using LSTM Neural Network

Document Classification is one of the most important topic in Computer Science as the number of electronic documents are increasingly very rapidly each day. Document classification is also known as Document Categorization. Classification is training of known labels to predict the unknown labels. It is the process of assigning a particular document to predefined categories. In this paper, we apply machine learning methods for classification of Documents. Recurrent Neural Networks of which LSTM is one of the most successful and have been developed for Controlling Robots, Natural Language Text Compression, Automatic Speech Recognition, Time Series Prediction, Handwriting Recognition and many more. LSTM can also be used for document classification. Document Classification includes text processing, feature extraction, feature vector construction and label prediction or final classification. Furthermore, we first try some data processing on 20 Newsgroup Dataset, and then we extract a features by using feature weighting and feature selection algorithms. The extracted features are then passed to the LSTM Neural network for future Label Predictions. Therefore, the documents are classified into different categories according to their context.