Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Dental Caries of Preschool Children in Shiraz, 2014

Statement of the Problem: Dental caries, the most common infectious disease, can lead to several consequences, including inflammation and bleeding of the gum, abscess formation, tooth loss, and subsequently loss of available space in the arch. Purpose: This study was designed to determine dental caries status of Shiraz preschool children and its related factors. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the children registered in Shiraz kindergartens in 2014. The study recruited 453 children by randomized cluster sampling. We evaluated the children’s demographic and oral hygiene factors, and their dental caries status using decayed, missed, and filled tooth (dmft) index and prevalence of the children with untreated dental caries. Relationship between the children’s characteristics and their dental caries status was evaluated. Results: Only 119 children (30.1%) were caries-free. The children’s mean dmft index was 3.88(±3.9). After controlling the effect of confounding factors, the children’s dental caries status was significantly associated with variables indicating their socioeconomic status such as fathers’ job, mothers’ education, and number of children in the family. Furthermore, there was a significant association between the children’s dental caries status and their oral hygiene habits such as frequency of tooth brushing. Conclusion: The dental caries status of the studied preschool children was not desirable which could be indicative of the inadequacy of the current preventive programs. To improve this issue, interventional preventive programs such as tooth brushing are recommended. The programs are more necessary for the children of low socioeconomic families and those with poor oral hygiene habits.
Physical and biochemical changes in guava ('Psidium Guajava' L.) during various stages of fruit growth and development

Physiological and biochemical changes during fruit growth, development and maturity of eleven genotypes of guava fruit were studied at 30, 60, 90, 105, 120 and 127 days after fruit set (DAFS). Fruit weight, length and diameter of guava fruit increased continuously from the initial stage of fruit development till maturity and ripening in all the genotypes. The increases in fruit weight and diameter were comparatively more between 30 to 60 DAFS and 90 to 127 DAFS than 60 to 90 DAFS where the increase in fruit weight and diameter was slow in most of the genotypes. However, RCG-1, RCG-2 and RCG-3 showed the continued rapid increase in fruit weight upto 120 days and thereafter the rate of increase was quite slow. A gradual increase in total soluble solids (TSS) was observed in all the genotypes throughout development and ripening stage of the fruits. However, the amount of total titratable acidity increased steadily in the beginning upto 105 days after fruit set in most of the genotypes except RCG-1, RCG-2 and RCG-3 which showed upto 90 days only and afterwards there was a continuous reduction till ripening. The fruits showed continuous and progressive increase in TSS: acid ratio from 30 DAFS till maturity and ripening in all the genotypes except RCG-11, RCGH-1 and RCGH-7 that showed from 60 DAFS. Based on the present findings, days taken from flowering to harvest maturity (>105 days), TSS (>9.50%) and TSS: acid ratio (>15.00) were some of the parameters for judging the maturity indices of genotypes like RCG-1, RCG-2 and RCG-3. Similarly, days taken from flowering to harvest maturity (>110 days), TSS (>10.50%), TSS: acid ratio (>21.00) and fruit skin colour (whitish green) for RCGH-1 were some of the parameters for judging the maturity indices. Whereas, other genotypes were also exhibited the variation for days taken from flowering to harvest maturity (>120 days), skin colours, TSS (9.20–11.00%) and TSS: acid ratio (13.50–23.50.
Changes in Body Compositions and Basal Metabolic Rates during Treatment of Graves' Disease

Objectives Because thyroid hormone is an important determinant of body weight and basal metabolic rate, we investigated the changes in the basal metabolic rate and body composition sequentially after treatment for Graves' disease. Methods A prospective cohort study was performed with six women newly diagnosed with Graves' disease. During a 52-week treatment of methimazole, body composition, resting respiratory expenditure (REE), and handgrip strength were measured consecutively. Results After methimazole treatment, body weight was initially increased (0–8 weeks), subsequently plateaued (8–24 weeks), and gradually decreased in the later period (24–52 weeks) despite the decreased food intake. The measured REE was 40% higher than the predicted REE at baseline, and it gradually decreased after treatment. REE positively correlated with thyroid hormone levels, peripheral deiodinase activity, and thyroid's secretory capacity. Body compositional analyses showed that the fat mass increased during an earlier period (4–12 weeks), while the lean mass increased significantly during the later period (26–52 weeks). Consistent with the lean mass changes, muscle strength also significantly increased during the later period. Conclusions Treatment of Graves' disease increased body weight and fat mass transiently with decreased REE. However, long-term compositional changes moved in a beneficial direction increasing lean mass and reinforcing muscle strength, following decreasing fat percentages.
THE EFFECT OF LIBRARY SERVICES QUALITY TOWARDS ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AND LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF UNDIKSHA STUDENTS ON BALI-INDONESIA

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of library services quality on achievement motivation associated with the learning achievement of Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha (UNDIKSHA) student. This research is conducted in Undiksha students using ex-post facto method. The sampling is done through random sampling method with 350 students. The data on library services quality and achievement motivation are collected using questionnaire. The data are analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The research results show that a) Library services quality has an influence towards achievement motivation, with probability value of 0.034 (p<0.05), b) Library services quality has no influence towards learning achievement, with probability value of 0.585 (p>0.05), c) Achievement Motivation has an influence towards learning achievement with probability value of 0.026 (p<0.05), d) Achievement motivation fully mediated the effect of library quality towards learning achievement. keywords: library services quality, achievement motivation, learning achievement Introduction University library as one of the supporting units of a university works hand in hand with other units in achieving the vision and mission of said university. The university library is directly under the supervision and management of the university and has the main purpose ofsupporting the university efforts to achieve its goals. The University library is essentially a working unit which is an integral part of the university which together with other units, is chargedwith assisting the university in implementing its Three Main Duties (Tri Dharma). A university library occupies a vital position in the university where the library acts as the umbrella in terms of supporting the implementation of educational programs, teaching programs, and researches. For every higher
On the efficiency of the genetic code after frameshift mutations

Statistical and biochemical studies of the standard genetic code (SGC) have found evidence that the impact of mistranslations is minimized in a way that erroneous codes are either synonymous or code for an amino acid with similar polarity as the originally coded amino acid. It could be quantified that the SGC is optimized to protect this specific chemical property as good as possible. In recent work, it has been speculated that the multilevel optimization of the genetic code stands in the wider context of overlapping codes. This work tries to follow the systematic approach on mistranslations and to extend those analyses to the general effect of frameshift mutations on the polarity conservation of amino acids. We generated one million random codes and compared their average polarity change over all triplets and the whole set of possible frameshift mutations. While the natural code—just as for the point mutations—appears to be competitively robust against frameshift mutations as well, we found that both optimizations appear to be independent of each other. For both, better codes can be found, but it becomes significantly more difficult to find candidates that optimize all of these features—just like the SGC does. We conclude that the SGC is not only very efficient in minimizing the consequences of mistranslations, but rather optimized in amino acid polarity conservation for all three effects of code alteration, namely translational errors, point and frameshift mutations. In other words, our result demonstrates that the SGC appears to be much more than just “one in a million”.
Human interleukin‐10 delivered intrathecally by self‐complementary adeno‐associated virus 8 induces xenogeneic transgene immunity without clinical neurotoxicity in swine

Intrathecal interleukin (IL)‐10 delivered by plasmid or viral gene vectors has been proposed for clinical testing because it is effective for chronic pain in rodents, is a potential therapeutic for various human diseases, and was found to be nontoxic in dogs, when the human IL‐10 ortholog was tested. However, recent studies in swine testing porcine IL‐10 demonstrated fatal neurotoxicity. The present study aimed to deliver vector‐encoded human IL‐10 in swine, measure expression of the transgene in cerebrospinal fluid and monitor animals for signs of neurotoxicity.
Feeding Ecology and Habitat Utilization of the Great Barracuda Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards 1771) in Southeast Florida

Great barracuda Sphyraena barracuda is a large predatory teleost found circumglobally, other than the Eastern Pacific Ocean. The species is commonly caught by both recreational and commercial fishermen as bycatch while targeting other, more economically or recreationally valuable fishes. This species also exhibits an ontogenetic shift in habitat, with juveniles inhabiting mangrove and seagrass habitats, while adults live near offshore reefs and associated structure. This thesis consists of two separate studies of S. barracuda: 1) feeding ecology along an ontogenetic gradient and 2) habitat utilization of as derived through electronic tagging. The first chapter of this thesis describes the feeding ecology of great barracuda in South Florida, with an emphasis on the determination of when the ontogenetic shift in diet occurs between habitats and individual fish sizes. Specimens were collected primarily by seine net and hook-and-line fishing. The specimens were then dissected with the stomach contents examined. This study found that the ontogenetic diet shift in great barracuda begins around the second year, and that juveniles and adults are opportunistic predators with a wide diversity of teleost and crustacean prey items within the selected habitat. The second chapter of this thesis describes the habitat utilization and vertical movements of two great barracuda off of South Florida interpreted from data acquired from pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs). This study found that large (>100 cm) great barracuda are capable of travelling hundreds of kilometers over a period of days to weeks. The results show that large great barracuda can tolerate temperatures ranging from 17.8° C to 31.3° C, and are capable of diving to depths greater than 175 m. It was also found that there was a significant difference in time spent at depth, with greater depths being inhabited more frequently at night.
The Relationship between Physical Fitness and Simulated Firefighting Task Performance

The overall aim of this study was to measure the physiological responses of firefighters from a single fire service during simulated functional firefighting tasks and to establish the relationship between physical fitness parameters and task performance. 46 males and 3 females firefighters were recruited. Firefighters' aerobic capacity levels were estimated using the Modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test (mCAFT). Grip strength levels, as a measure of upper body strength levels, were assessed using a calibrated J-Tech dynamometer. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) protocol for the static floor lifting test was used to quantify lower body strength levels. Firefighters then performed two simulated tasks: a hose drag task and a stair climb with a high-rise pack tasks. Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) were calculated between firefighters' physical fitness parameters and task completion times. Two separate multivariable enter regression analyses were carried out to determine the predictive abilities of age, sex, muscle strength, and resting heart rate on task completion times. Our results displayed that near maximal heart rates of ≥88% of heart rate maximum were recorded during the two tasks. Correlation (r) ranged from −0.30 to 0.20. For the hose drag task, cardiorespiratory fitness and right grip strength (kg) demonstrated the highest correlations of −0.30 and −0.25, respectively. In predicting hose drag completion times, age and right grip strength scores were shown to be the statistically significant (p < 0.05) independent variables in our regression model. In predicting stair climb completion times, age and NIOSH scores were shown to be the statistically significant (p < 0.05) independent variables in our regression model. In conclusion, the hose drag and stair climb tasks were identified as physiological demanding tasks. Age, sex, resting heart rate, and upper body/lower body strength levels had similar predictive values on hose drag and stair climb completion times.
Lightweight and Practical Anonymous Authentication Protocol for RFID Systems Using Physically Unclonable Functions

Radio frequency identification (RFID) has been considered one of the imperative requirements for implementation of Internet-of-Things applications. It helps to solve the identification issues of the things in a cost-effective manner, but RFID systems often suffer from various security and privacy issues. To solve those issues for RFID systems, many schemes have been recently proposed by using the cryptographic primitive, called physically uncloneable functions (PUFs), which can ensure a tamper-evident feature. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of them has succeeded to address the problem of privacy preservation with the resistance of DoS attacks in a practical way. For instance, existing schemes need to rely on exhaustive search operations to identify a tag, and also suffer from several security and privacy related issues. Furthermore, a tag needs to store some security credentials (e.g., secret shared keys), which may cause several issues such as loss of forward and backward secrecy and large storage costs. Therefore, in this paper, we first propose a lightweight privacy-preserving authentication protocol for the RFID system by considering the ideal PUF environment. Subsequently, we introduce an enhanced protocol which can support the noisy PUF environment. It is argued that both of our protocols can overcome the limitations of existing schemes, and further ensure more security properties. By analyzing the performance, we have shown that the proposed solutions are secure, efficient, practical, and effective for the resource-constraint RFID tag.
Electro: Toward QoS-Aware Power Management for Latency-Critical Applications

Reducing the energy consumption of datacenters is critical for their scalability, sustainability, and affordability when hosting latency-critical applications. Prior work has focused on single-thread applications with a stable workload. Recently, multi-thread latency-sensitive services are widely used in current datacenters. However, the variability of user queries in these service makes existing schemes ineffective, leading to either QoS violations or higher energy consumption. In order to address this new problem, we propose Electro, a machine learning enhanced dynamic power management system. Electro consists of a query duration predictor and a query consolidating engine. The duration predictor can precisely predict the duration of each user query in different scenarios based on the pre- trained duration models. At runtime, according to the predicted duration, the query consolidating engine consolidates user queries accordingly to maximize the duration of the CPU idle states while guaranteeing the QoS. The longer each idle state is, the deeper low-power sleep states can the CPU enter. Our evaluation results on the latest Intel Xeon V4 CPU show that Electro reduces the energy consumption by 81.8% on average compared with the default OS scheduling, and by 14.4% on average compared with the state-of-the-art technique while achieving the 95%-ile latency target for latency-sensitive applications.
Alpha-Fetoprotein and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immunity

Hepatocarcinoma is one of the most prevalent gastroenterological cancers in the world with less effective therapy. As an oncofetal antigen and diagnostic marker for liver cancer, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) possesses a variety of biological functions. Except for its diagnosis in liver cancer, AFP has become a target for liver cancer immunotherapy. Although the immunogenicity of AFP is weak and it could induce the immune escapes through inhibiting the function of dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and T lymphocytes, AFP has attracted more attention in liver cancer immunotherapy. By in vitro modification, the immunogenicity and immune response of AFP could be enhanced. AFP-modified immune cell vaccine or peptide vaccine has displayed the specific antitumor immunity against AFP-positive tumor cells and laid a better foundation for the immunotherapy of liver cancer.
Assessment of functional defecation disorders using anorectal manometry

Purpose The aim was to evaluate the discriminating accuracy of anorectal manometry (ARM) between nonconstipated (NC) subjects and functionally constipated (FC) subjects, and between FC subjects with and without functional defecation disorder (FDD). Methods Among female patients who visited anorectal physiology unit, those who could be grouped to following categories were included; FC group with FDD (+FDD subgroup), or without FDD (−FDD subgroup) and NC group. ARM was performed and interpreted not only with absolute pressure values, but also pattern classification and quantification of pressure changes in the rectum and anus during attempted defecation. Results There were 76 subjects in NC group and 75 in FC group. Among FC group, 63 subjects were in −FDD subgroup and 12 in +FDD subgroup. In pattern classification of pressure changes, type 0, as ‘normal’ response, was only slightly more prevalent in NC group than in FC group. When all ‘abnormal’ types (types 1–5) were considered together as positive findings, the sensitivity and specificity of pattern classification in diagnosing FC among all subjects were 89.3% and 22.7%. Those values in diagnosing FDD among FC group were 91.7% and 11.1%. Manometric defecation index (MDI) as a quantification parameter was significantly different between −FDD and +FDD subgroups. Other conventional absolute pressures were mostly comparable between the groups. Conclusion Among all parameters of ARM, MDI was useful to diagnose FDD in FC patients. Other parameters including the pattern classification were questionable in their ability to diagnose FDD.
Data-driven fiber tractography with neural networks

Elaborate expert modeling has been the predominant approach to fiber tractography. It attempts to invert the measurement process of diffusion-weighted MRI to reconstruct fibers. We present a purely data-driven neural network regression model for fiber tractography. The model sequentially takes as input a local block of data and the incoming direction of the fiber. From this input, the neural network predicts the outgoing direction. The training data can be provided by either automatic or human supervision. On both real, and synthetic data we observe that our model produces smoother and more accurate fibers than its supervisor. The performance of the model is scored with the Tractometer tool, where it consistently improves the supervisor baseline as well as the state-of-the-art in data-driven tractography. We show that our approach benefits from additional data, which can be incorporated easily, even from different supervisors. In experiments, the model is robust to noise and variation in the data, while being simple to use.
Comparison of Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Differentiation Ability of Buccal Fat Pad Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Gingival Derived Cells

Statement of the Problem: One major goal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is to find an appropriate source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with higher differentiation ability. Purpose: In this experimental study, the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation ability of buccal fat pad derived MSCs (BFP-MSCs) with gingival derived cells (GDCs) were compared. Materials and Method: BFP-MSCs and GDCs were cultured enzymatically and expanded. The expanded cells were analyzed for membrane-associated markers, using flow cytometry. Then the ability of these cells to differentiate into osteocyte and chondrocyte was assessed morphologically and by mRNA expression of collagen I (COLL), BGLA and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) using qRT-PCR. Results: Flow cytometry analysis showed that both BFP-MSCs and GDCs expressed the characteristic stem cell markers such as CD73, CD44, and CD90, whereas they did not express hematopoietic markers. Mineralized calcium deposition was observed apparently in BFP-MSCs cultured in osteogenic medium but GDCs showed fewer mineralized nodules. The mRNA expression levels of BGLA and BMP2 showed 7×105 and 733-fold more mRNA expression in BFP-MSCs treated with differentiation media compared to the control group. In chondrogenic differentiation, BFP-MSCs transformed from a spindle to a cuboidal shape while GDCs showed only a slight transformation. In addition, mRNA expression of COLL showed 282-fold higher expression in BFP-MSCs in comparison to the control group. Such significant difference in mRNA expression of BGLA, BMP2, and COLL was not observed in GDCs compared to their corresponding controls. Conclusion: Based on the present results, BFP yields a greater proportion of stem cells compared to gingiva. Therefore, this tissue can be introduced as an easily available source for the treatment of periodontal defects and other maxillofacial injuries.
Theory and Experiments on Vector Quantized Autoencoders

Deep neural networks with discrete latent variables offer the promise of better symbolic reasoning, and learning abstractions that are more useful to new tasks. There has been a surge in interest in discrete latent variable models, however, despite several recent improvements, the training of discrete latent variable models has remained challenging and their performance has mostly failed to match their continuous counterparts. Recent work on vector quantized autoencoders (VQ-VAE) has made substantial progress in this direction, with its perplexity almost matching that of a VAE on datasets such as CIFAR-10. In this work, we investigate an alternate training technique for VQ-VAE, inspired by its connection to the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. Training the discrete bottleneck with EM helps us achieve better image generation results on CIFAR-10, and together with knowledge distillation, allows us to develop a non-autoregressive machine translation model whose accuracy almost matches a strong greedy autoregressive baseline Transformer, while being 3.3 times faster at inference.