Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE MASSABESIC GNEISS COMPLEX, NEW HAMPSHIRE: A STUDY OF A PORTION OF THE AVALON TERRANE

Geochemical data from the 625 Ma Massabesic Gneiss Complex of southern New Hampshire show strong affinities for other Avalonian rocks of southern New England and suggest continental rifting in the Late Proterozoic. Migmatized paragneiss, the dominant rock type in the complex, has major and trace element compositions that are compatible with graywackes from continental arcs. The para- gneiss also has strong lithologic, metamorphic, and isotopic similarities to the rocks of the Hope Valley zone of Connecticut Avalon, suggesting a possible Hope Valley— Massabesic correlation. At 625 Ma, the paragneiss eNd values are similar to Avalonian crust in other locations of the orogen. Two types of amphibolite are present in minor amounts in the paragneiss of the Massabesic Gneiss Complex. The first type is a paramphibolite and consists of calc-silicate layers in the Massabesic paragneiss, the second type is metaigneous. Major and trace element abundances reveal that the protoliths of the orthoamphibolites range from continental rift alkaline basalts and tholeiites to N-type MORBs. Orthoam- phibolite eNd (625 Ma) values range from 2.4 to 4 as expected of rift-related magmas derived from partial melting of a depleted mantle source and have the same values as Iapetus ocean floor rocks of similar age. Orthoamphibolite major and trace element geochemical characteristics overlap those of the Middlesex Fells amphibolites of the Esmond-Dedham zone of eastern Massachusetts Avalon, which range from alkaline to transitional basalts erupted in a continental rift setting. The compositions of orthoam- phibolites define a potential magmatic continuum produced by batch partial melting of the mantle initiated during continental rifting and proceeded to ocean basin forma- tion. The inferred continuity of mafic magmatism from the Esmond-Dedham (Mid- dlesex Fells Formation) to the Massabesic Gneiss Complex (and Hope Valley zone) suggests that these zones are not distinct lithotectonic zones but are parts of a single landmass. Massachusetts Avalon (Esmond-Dedham) represents the continental section of Avalon where the alkaline to transitional magmas of the early rifting stages are preserved. According to our tectonic reconstruction, the Massabesic Gneiss Complex is the oceanward, continental margin represented by volcanoclastic sediments with the MORBs representing the initiation of ocean basin development. The leading edge of this landmass, of which the Massabesic Gneiss Complex is the only observable remnant, collided with Laurentia during the Acadian Orogeny. The inboard, thicker, more continental trailing-edge, that is, platform Avalon (Esmond-Dedham) collided later during the Alleghanian Orogeny.
Variation spatiale des facteurs qui expliquent le volume des précipitation en France ; analyse à échelle locale

Les precipitations, selon leur nature, peuvent etre regroupees en trois types : type frontal, type convectif et type orographique. Meme si, a tout moment, les precipitations des deux premieres categories peuvent etre dopees par les processus orographiques, nous nous interesserons, dans le cadre de cet article aux seuls processus orographiques. Les precipitations sont tres souvent soumises a des effets locaux, et ce, d'autant plus que l'echelle temporelle est proche de l'instantane. Si, a l'echelle d'une heure (averse convective), les processus pseudo aleatoires dominent, il n'en va plus tout-a-fait de meme a l'echelle d'une journee (precipitation frontale) ou une forme d'organisation spatiale prend le pas sur l'aleatoire qui, toutefois subsiste plus ou moins. A l'echelle d'une decade ou d'un mois, l'aleatoire tend a disparaitre car les processus orographiques, qui agissent sur le declenchement et sur le volume des precipitations, deviennent preponderants et dessinent des structures spatiales clairement identifiables : altitude, pente et orientation des versants sont autant de variables qui agissent sur les abats cumules precipitations (Boubaker et Gammar, 2002; Carrega et Garcia, 2000, Creech et McNab, 2002, Ninyerola et al., 2000; Zahar et Laborde, 2000, Laborde et Traboulsi, 2002, Benichou, Lebreton, 1987; Humbert et al., 1998; Fouchier et al., 2004).
Progressive spastic myelopathy in a patient co‐infected with HIV‐1 and HTLV‐II: autoantibodies to the human homologue of rig in blood and cerebrospinal fluid

ObjectiveHuman T-cell leukemia virus types I (HTLV-I) and II (HTLV-II) are closely related human retroviruses. HTLV-I has been implicated in a chronic progressive myelopathy, known as tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) or HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM). We sought to determine whether autoantibodies to brain antigens were present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient with chronic progressive spastic myelopathy with evidence of both HIV-1 infection and HTLV-I/II seropositivity. DesignA 54-year-old bisexual man with clinical features of HAM/TSP of over 20 years' duration was followed. MethodsWe applied discriminatory DNA amplification (polymerase chain reaction) to distinguish HTLV-I from HTLV-II and to verify co-infection with HIV-1. The patient's CSF was used to screen a human brain cDNA expression library to identify antibodies directed against brain antigens. Autoreactive bacteriophage clones were isolated and sequenced. ResultsThe patient was found to be co-infected with both HIV-1 and HTLV-II, but not with HTLV-I. HTLV-II proviral levels in the peripheral blood remained relatively constant, despite therapy with zidovudine. Prominent oligoclonal banding of immunoglobulins was present in the patient's CSF. A single repeatedly reactive cDNA clone was identified, by screening with CSF antibody, sequenced, and found to be the human homologue of the rat insulinoma gene, rig. ConclusionsHTLV-II infection may predispose to development of a HAM/TSP-like illness. Autoimmune mechanisms, such as autoantibody formation, may play a role in pathogenesis.
Ultrathin high-efficiency X-band reflective polarization converter using sunken double arrowhead metasurface

In this paper, an ultrathin and high efficiency linear reflective polarization converter is proposed for X-band using dual resonant metasurface. It offers 42% (8 GHz–12.2 GHz) fractional bandwidth with over 80% polarization conversion efficiency, while it is only λ/18.75 thick at the mid operating frequency. The polarization converter is insensitive to variation of incident angle for both the TE and TM polarized waves. Furthermore, exact expressions are given to calculate co- and cross-polarized reflections using decomposed u- and v-polarized incidence method of analysis. The measurement results show good agreement with numerically simulated and theoretically calculated results.
MR imaging of human herpesvirus-6 encephalopathy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adults.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6)-associated encephalopathy tends to develop in immunocompromised patients. Neurologic symptoms, such as disorientation, short-term memory loss, convulsion, coma, and hypopnea could occur, but they may be nonspecific. We retrospectively reviewed MR images of 6 adults with HHV-6-associated encephalopathy to study characteristic imaging findings that could be useful in making the diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 2003 and 2005, we encountered 6 cases of HHV-6-associated encephalopathy (3 men and 3 women; age range, 36-55 years) in 3 hospitals. The diagnosis was made clinically according to the neurologic symptoms accompanied by high-level copies of HHV-6 DNA in CSF or peripheral blood by quantitative polymerase chain reaction without the detection of any other infectious pathogen. RESULTS All 6 patients had abnormal hippocampus/amygdala findings on presentation, and no other regions were involved. In the early period (0-2 days from onset), abnormal high signal intensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging (2 of 3, 67%) and on diffusion-weighted images accompanied by apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) reduction (2 of 2, 100%) were observed. In the middle period (3-30 days), abnormal low signal intensity on T1-weighted images (5 of 6, 83%) and abnormal high signal intensity on T2-weighted images (4 of 6, 67%) and FLAIR (5 of 6, 83%) were confirmed. In the late period (> 30 days), we saw the resolution of signal intensity abnormalities and the appearance of atrophic change (4 of 4, 100%) of the affected regions. CONCLUSION HHV-6-associated encephalopathy in adults tends to affect the mesial temporal lobe. MR imaging is useful for detecting HHV-6 encephalopathy and distinguishing it from the other diseases of the central nervous system in immunocompromised patients.
Upregulation of Tyrosine Kinase TKT by the Epstein-Barr Virus Transactivator Zta

ABSTRACT The Zta protein is a key transactivator involved in initiating the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic cascade. In addition to transactivating many viral genes, Zta has the capacity to influence host cellular signals by binding to promoter regions or by interacting with several important cellular factors. Based on the observation that tyrosine kinases play central roles in determining the fate of cells, a kinase display assay was used to investigate whether cells expressing Zta have an altered pattern of kinase expression. The assay revealed that TRK-related tyrosine kinase (TKT) is expressed at significant levels in Zta transfectants but not in control cells. Additional evidence was obtained from Northern and Western blotting. Importantly, the upregulation of phosphorylated TKT and TKT downstream effector matrix metalloproteinase 1 in Zta transfectants hinted that TKT might initiate a signaling cascade in Zta-expressing cells. In addition, deletion analysis of the Zta protein revealed that the transactivation and dimerization domains were both essential for the upregulation of TKT transcription. Moreover, correlation of expression levels of Zta and TKT transcripts in nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsy specimens was clearly demonstrated by quantitative PCR (Q-PCR), which provides the first evidence for an effect of Zta on cellular gene expression in vivo. These findings offer insight into the virus-cell interactions and may help us elucidate the role of EBV in tumorigenesis.
Thalidomide and hematopoietic-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma.

BACKGROUND High-dose therapy with melphalan can prolong survival among patients with multiple myeloma. We assessed whether the addition of thalidomide, which has activity against advanced and refractory myeloma, would further improve survival. METHODS Between October 1998 and February 2004, 668 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma received two cycles of intensive melphalan-based chemotherapy, each supported by autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. A total of 323 were randomly assigned to receive thalidomide from the outset until disease progression or undue adverse effects, and 345 did not receive thalidomide. The primary end point was the five-year event-free survival rate. Secondary end points were complete response and overall survival. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 42 months among survivors, the thalidomide and control groups had rates of complete response of 62 percent and 43 percent, respectively (P<0.001), and five-year event-free survival rates of 56 percent and 44 percent (P=0.01). The five-year rate of overall survival was approximately 65 percent in both groups (P=0.90). Median survival after relapse was 1.1 years in the thalidomide group and 2.7 years in the control group (P=0.001). Severe peripheral neuropathy and deep-vein thrombosis occurred more frequently in the thalidomide group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS When incorporated into high-dose therapy for myeloma, thalidomide increased the frequency of complete responses and extended event-free survival at the expense of added adverse effects without improving overall survival. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00083551.).
Miniaturized time-scanning Fourier Transform Spectrometer based on silicon technology

Optical MEMS is a challenging new field that combines micro- optics with micro-mechanics in order to build compact systems. In this paper we present a miniaturized Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) fabricated on silicon. The FTS is a Michelson interferometer with one scanning mirror. The motion of the mirror is carried out by a new type of electrostatic comb drive actuator. The mirror is designed to be linear with respect to the applied voltage. Experimentally, we have measured a mirror displacement of 38.5 micrometer corresponding to a maximum optical path difference of 77 micrometer. The applied voltage was plus or minus 10 V and the non-linearity of the driving system is plus or minus 0.25 micrometer. A method is presented to correct the spectrum in order to get rid of the non-linearity. The measured resolution of the spectrometer after the phase correction is 16 nm at a wavelength of 633 nm.
Intestinal Stem Cells in GI Physiology and Disease Activation of two distinct Sox 9-EGFP-expressing intestinal stem cell populations during crypt regeneration after irradiation

Van Landeghem L, Santoro MA, Krebs AE, Mah AT, Dehmer JJ, Gracz AD, Scull BP, McNaughton K, Magness ST, Lund PK. Activation of two distinct Sox9-EGFP-expressing intestinal stem cell populations during crypt regeneration after irradiation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 302: G1111–G1132, 2012. First published February 23, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00519. 2011. —Recent identification of intestinal epithelial stem cell (ISC) markers and development of ISC reporter mice permit visualization and isolation of regenerating ISCs after radiation to define their functional and molecular phenotypes. Previous studies in uninjured intestine of Sox9EGFP reporter mice demonstrate that ISCs express low levels of Sox9-EGFP (Sox9-EGFP Low), whereas enteroendocrine cells (EEC) express high levels of Sox9-EGFP (Sox9-EGFP High). We hypothesized that Sox9-EGFP Low ISCs would expand after radiation, exhibit enhanced proliferative capacities, and adopt a distinct gene expression profile associated with rapid proliferation. Sox9-EGFP mice were given 14 Gy abdominal radiation and studied between days 3 and 9 postradiation. Radiation-induced changes in number, growth, and transcriptome of the different Sox9-EGFP cell populations were determined by histology, flow cytometry, in vitro culture assays, and microarray. Microarray confirmed that nonirradiated Sox9-EGFP Low cells are enriched for Lgr5 mRNA and mRNAs enriched in Lgr5-ISCs and identified additional putative ISC markers. Sox9-EGFP High cells were enriched for EEC markers, as well as Bmi1 and Hopx, which are putative markers of quiescent ISCs. Irradiation caused complete crypt loss, followed by expansion and hyperproliferation of Sox9-EGFP Low cells. From nonirradiated intestine, only Sox9-EGFP Low cells exhibited ISC characteristics of forming organoids in culture, whereas during regeneration both Sox9-EGFP Low and High cells formed organoids. Microarray demonstrated that regenerating Sox9-EGFP High cells exhibited transcriptomic changes linked to p53-signaling and ISC-like functions including DNA repair and reduced oxidative metabolism. These findings support a model in which Sox9-EGFP Low cells represent active ISCs, Sox9-EGFP High cells contain radiation-activatable cells with ISC characteristics, and both participate in crypt regeneration.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Corydoras duplicareus (Teleostei, Siluriformes, Callichthyidae)

Abstract In this work, we reported the complete mitochondrial genome of Corydoras duplicareus. The total length of the mitochondrial genome is 16,667 bp, with the base composition of 32.90% A, 26.55% T, 25.94% C, and 14.61% G. It contains two ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a major non-coding control region (D-loop region). The arrangement of these genes is the same as that found in the Siluriformes. All the protein initiation codons are ATG, except for cox1 that begins with GTG. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX1) amino acid sequence of C. duplicareus and other 27 species from 8 genera were used for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood method. The topology demonstrated that all species are divided into two groups (Callichthyidae and Cyprinidae), and the C. duplicareus was clustered with C.nattereri.
Clinical correlates of early-onset and late-onset poststroke generalized anxiety.

OBJECTIVE The authors' goal was to determine if generalized anxiety diagnosed while a patient was hospitalized for stroke (early onset) had the same clinical correlates as anxiety beginning 3 months or more after the stroke (late onset). METHOD Patients with acute stroke (N = 142) were examined while they were in the hospital and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months later for the presence of anxiety symptoms. Patients underwent a structured psychiatric interview as well as assessment of cognitive, physical, and social function at each visit. Patients with early-onset and late-onset poststroke generalized anxiety were identified and compared to patients without poststroke generalized anxiety. RESULTS The frequency of early-onset poststroke generalized anxiety was 27% and that of late-onset poststroke generalized anxiety was 23%. Three-quarters of the anxious patients had comorbid major or minor depression. Patients who developed early-onset or late-onset poststroke generalized anxiety were no more socially, cognitively, or physically impaired than patients who did not develop anxiety. Early-onset but not late-onset anxiety was associated with a previous history of psychiatric disorder. The median duration of late-onset anxiety was 3.0 months, and that of early-onset anxiety was 1.5 months. The presence of anxiety was significantly associated with depression; onset of depression and onset of anxiety occurred at approximately the same time. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that although early-onset and late-onset poststroke generalized anxiety are phenomenologically similar, they may be the result of different pathophysiological mechanisms.
Gliomatosis Cerebri in a Dog Fabiano

A 6-year-old, female, mixed-breed dog was presented for necropsy with history of prostration and incoordination followed by circling to the right and seizures. There were no gross findings in the brain. Histologically, there were numerous neoplastic glial cells throughout the thalamus, midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. Moderate multifocal lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffings were also present in the same areas. In addition, severe multifocal proliferation of glial cells was observed in the leptomeninge and white matter of the cerebellum. The neoplastic cells observed in the brain stem were negative for GFAP, while in the cerebellum the neoplastic glial cells were strongly labeled with GFAP and vimentin. Based on the histopathological findings and on the immunohistochemical results, a diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri was made.
ZxAKT1 is essential for K+ uptake and K+/Na+ homeostasis in the succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum

The inward-rectifying K+ channel AKT1 constitutes an important pathway for K+ acquisition in plant roots. In glycophytes, excessive accumulation of Na+ is accompanied by K+ deficiency under salt stress. However, in the succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, which exhibits excellent adaptability to adverse environments, K+ concentration remains at a relatively constant level despite increased levels of Na+ under salinity and drought conditions. In this study, the contribution of ZxAKT1 to maintaining K+ and Na+ homeostasis in Z. xanthoxylum was investigated. Expression of ZxAKT1 rescued the K+ -uptake-defective phenotype of yeast strain CY162, suppressed the salt-sensitive phenotype of yeast strain G19, and complemented the low-K+ -sensitive phenotype of Arabidopsis akt1 mutant, indicating that ZxAKT1 functions as an inward-rectifying K+ channel. ZxAKT1 was predominantly expressed in roots, and was induced under high concentrations of either KCl or NaCl. By using RNA interference technique, we found that ZxAKT1-silenced plants exhibited stunted growth compared to wild-type Z. xanthoxylum. Further experiments showed that ZxAKT1-silenced plants exhibited a significant decline in net uptake of K+ and Na+ , resulting in decreased concentrations of K+ and Na+ , as compared to wild-type Z. xanthoxylum grown under 50 mm NaCl. Compared with wild-type, the expression levels of genes encoding several transporters/channels related to K+ /Na+ homeostasis, including ZxSKOR, ZxNHX, ZxSOS1 and ZxHKT1;1, were reduced in various tissues of a ZxAKT1-silenced line. These findings suggest that ZxAKT1 not only plays a crucial role in K+ uptake but also functions in modulating Na+ uptake and transport systems in Z. xanthoxylum, thereby affecting its normal growth.
Synthesis of Aryl Aldimines and Their Activity against Fungi of Clinical Interest

Aldimines are aldehyde‐derived compounds that contain a C=N group. Besides its broad industrial applications, this class of non‐naturally occurring compounds are found to possess antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antiproliferative, anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, and antipyretic properties. Based on this, six aryl aldimines were synthesized from the condensation of aromatic amines with benzaldehydes. The antifungal activities of synthesized compounds were evaluated against nineteen fungal strains that included Candida and Aspergillus species, Cryptococcus neoformans. The aryl aldimines 2‐(benzylideneamino)phenol (3) and 4‐(benzylideneamino)phenol (8) were the most active compounds against the fungi studied. Compounds 3 and 8 efficiently inhibited the metabolism of C. neoformans mature biofilm.
β‐Secretase activity in rat astrocytes: translational block of BACE1 and modulation of BACE2 expression

BACE1 and BACE2 are two closely related membrane‐bound aspartic proteases. BACE1 is widely recognized as the neuronal β‐secretase that cleaves the amyloid‐β precursor protein, thus allowing the production of amyloid‐β, i.e. the peptide that has been proposed to trigger the neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer’s disease. BACE2 has ubiquitous expression and its physiological and pathological role is still unclear. In light of a possible role of glial cells in the accumulation of amyloid‐β in brain, we have investigated the expression of these two enzymes in primary cultures of astrocytes. We show that astrocytes possess β‐secretase activity and produce amyloid‐β because of the activity of BACE2, but not BACE1, the expression of which is blocked at the translational level. Finally, our data demonstrate that changes in the astrocytic phenotype during neuroinflammation can produce both a negative as well as a positive modulation of β‐secretase activity, also depending on the differential responsivity of the brain regions.