Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alternative Grains as Potential Raw Material for Gluten- Free Food Development in The Diet of Celiac and Gluten- Sensitive Patients

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder resulting from gluten intolerance and is based on a genetic predisposition. Gluten is a protein composite found in the cereals wheat, rye, barley and certain oat varieties. A strict gluten-free diet is the only currently available therapeutic treatment for patients with celiac disease. Rising demands for gluten-free products parallels the apparent or real increase in celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity and gluten allergy. However, gluten removal results in major problems for bakers, and currently, many gluten-free products available on the market are of low quality exhibiting poor mouthfeel and flavor. Thus, an increasing trend in research is focusing on the application of alternative grains potentially healthy to elaborate gluten-free products. A promising area is the use of cereals (rice, corn and sorghum), minor cereals (fonio, teff, millet and job’s tears) or pseudocereals such as amaranth, buckwheat, quinoa. Nevertheless, commercialization of these products is still quite limited. The aim of this work is to review recent advances in research about the nutritional quality and potential health benefits of alternative grains tolerated by patients with gluten related pathologies.
Evaluation of Five Chitosan Production Routes with Astaxanthin Recovery from Shrimp Exoskeletons

Shrimp waste can be potentially used as source of high value products, from biopolymers to bioactive compounds. In this work, was defined a methodology for chitosan production via of depigmentation, demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation of chitin. Five chitosan production processes were performed from the chitin present in shrimp exoskeletons using chemical agents such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Concentrations used were 1.5 M for acid, 1.0 M and 50 % w/v for base, 85 % for ethanol and 10 % v/v for acetone, and chitosan samples obtained were compared with commercial chitosan. Results shows that percentages of deacetylation obtained varied between (80 and 81.8 %) near the degree of deacetylation of the commercial chitosan (82.1 %). The extraction process with prior depigmentation using ethanol before demineralization registered the highest value of deacetylation, and the lowest value obtained was from the product obtained via ethanol followed by a second depigmentation with acetone after deproteinization of chitin. The characteristic bands of chitosan and similarity in each sample were confirmed by FTIR are NH bonds (between 3,350 – 3,500 cm-1), NH bonds of the secondary amide (between 1,420 – 1,590 cm-1), the tertiary amide band (between 1,360 – 1,380 cm-1) and C = O bonds of the primary amide (between 1,618 – 1,630 cm-1).
Red deer Cervus elephus vigilance behaviour differs with habitat and type of human disturbance

Abstract Red deer Cervus elaphus, even in wilderness areas, are increasingly exposed to disturbance from human recreation as well as hunting, and it has been suggested that both types of disturbance may be perceived as a predation risk. We studied the vigilance behaviour of red deer in the Scottish Highlands, in sites with traditionally high numbers of visitors (‘disturbed’) and sites with relatively few visitors (‘less-disturbed’) during the main recreational season (spring and summer), and in their mating grounds during the hunting season (autumn and winter). We carried out direct observations, using scan sampling at 3-minute intervals for 1-hour periods, and recorded the number of animals in each group that were vigilant and their mode of vigilance. During the recreational season, in both the disturbed and less-disturbed sites, data were collected in habitats with different levels of cover (grassland, heather and woodland). The percentage of animals that were vigilant was higher in disturbed than in less-disturbed sites, and higher in disturbed grassland (poor cover) and heather (intermediate cover) than in disturbed woodland (good cover). The majority of the vigilant animals in disturbed heather and woodland habitats and in all the less-disturbed habitats were standing. In disturbed grassland, however, lying was the main posture whilst vigilant. In both disturbed grassland and heather, the percentage of vigilant animals that were moving was higher than in woodland or the less-disturbed habitats. In disturbed sites, the deer were more likely to be aggregated when vigilance levels were high. During the hunting season, the overall level of vigilance was higher than at any sites during the recreational season, and the majority of vigilant animals were moving. We conclude that red deer respond to disturbance from human recreational activities by increasing their level of vigilance, but that the nature of their response varies with the level of cover available. We suggest that red deer may lie down when keeping vigil in grasslands, because lying animals are less conspicuous and the low cover will still allow animals to scan their surroundings. We conclude that, although they respond to both types of disturbance by increasing vigilance, red deer perceive human recreation as a less acute threat than hunting.
RESOLVING THE INNERMOST REGION OF THE ACCRETION DISK OF THE LENSED QUASAR Q2237+0305 THROUGH GRAVITATIONAL MICROLENSING

We study three high magnification microlensing events, generally recognized as probable caustic crossings, in the optical light curves of the multiply imaged quasar Q2237+0305. We model the light curve of each event as the convolution of a standard thin disk luminosity profile with a straight fold caustic. We also allow for a linear gradient that can account for an additional varying background effect of microlensing. This model not only matches noticeably well the global shape of each of the three independent microlensing events but also gives remarkably similar estimates for the disk size parameter. The measured average half-light radius, R 1 / 2 = ( 3.0 ± 1.5 ) M / 0.3 M ⊙ ? > light-days, agrees with previous estimates. In the three events, the core of the magnification profile exhibits “fine structure” related to the innermost region of the accretion disk (located at a radial distance of 2.7 ± 1.4 Schwarzschild radii according to our measurement). Relativistic beaming at the internal rim of the accretion disk can explain the shape and size of the fine structure, although alternative explanations are also possible. This is the first direct measurement of the size of a structure, likely the innermost stable circular orbit, at ∼3 Schwarzschild radii in a quasar accretion disk. The monitoring of thousands of lensed quasars with future telescopes will allow the study of the event horizon environment of black holes in hundreds of quasars in a wide range of redshifts (0.5 < z < 5).
Finite element based hybrid techniques for advection-diffusion-reaction processes

In this paper, numerical solutions of the advection-diffusion-reaction (ADR) equation are investigated using the Galerkin, collocation and Taylor-Galerkin cubic B-spline finite element method in strong form of spatial elements using an α-family optimization approach for time variation. The main objective of this article is to capture effective results of the finite element techniques with B-spline basis functions under the consideration of the ADR processes. All produced results are compared with the exact solution and the literature for various versions of problems including pure advection, pure diffusion, advection-diffusion, and advection-diffusion-reaction equations. It is proved that the present methods have good agreement with the exact solution and the literature.
Particulate Organic Matter Transport to the Deep Sea by Salp Fecal Pellets

Free-floating sediment traps were suspended at 200 and 900 m in the northern North Pacific Ocean during 20-21 May, 1974. A considerable amount of large, dark-green particles, larger than 1 mm in diameter, was collected at both depths. These large particles corresponded morphologically with fecal pellets of salps. Vertical carbon flux was estimated to be 10.5 and 6.7 mg C m 2 d ' at 200 and 900 m, respectively. This suggests that vertical transport of salp fecal pellets could play a n important role in meeting the energy requirements of bathypelagic organisms in the open ocean.
Do the spectral energy distributions of type 1 active galactic nuclei show diversity

We create broadband SEDs of 761 type 1 AGN. The Scott et al. sample, created by a cross-correlation of the optical SDSS DR5 quasar catalogue and the 2XMMi catalogue of serendipitous X-ray sources, is further matched with the FIRST catalogue of radio sources, the WISE MIR all-sky data release, the 2MASS NIR point source catalogue, the UKIDSS DR9 Large Area Survey and the GALEX all-sky and medium UV imaging surveys. This allows broadband SEDs covering log(nu)~9.2-18.1 to be created. We investigate variations in the SED shape by binning a subsample of 237 AGN with the best quality SEDs according to their X-ray spectral parameters, their AGN sub-type and their luminosity, black hole mass and Eddington ratio. The AGN sub-populations show some significant differences in their SEDs; X-ray absorbed AGN show a deficit of emission at X-ray/UV frequencies and an excess in the MIR consistent with absorption and re-emission, radio-loud AGN show increased radio and X-ray emission, consistent with the presence of a jet component in addition to the emission seen from radio-quiet AGN and the SEDs of NLS1s only differ from other type 1s in the X-ray regime, suggesting any physical differences are limited to their X-ray emitting region. Binning the AGN according to underlying physical parameters reveals more subtle differences in the SEDs. The X-ray spectral slope does not appear to have any influence or dependence on the multiwavelength emission in the rest of the SED. The contribution of X-rays to Lbol is lower in higher luminosity sources, and relatively more emission in the optical/UV is seen in AGN with higher Lx. Variations in the relative flux and peak frequency of the BBB are observed and may suggest higher inner disc temperatures with increasing accretion rates. Overall, we find that the diversity in the SED shapes is relatively small, and we find no apparent single driver for the variations.
La Palma observations of umbral flashes

We present high-quality Ca  H & K data showing chromospheric flashes in sunspot umbrae collected with the Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope, the Dutch Open Telescope, and the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma. Differential movies, time slices, spectrograms, and Fourier power maps demonstrate that umbral flashes and running penumbral waves are closely related oscillatory phenomena, combining upward shock propagation with coherent wave spreading over the entire spot. We attribute the flash brightening to large redshift by post-shock material higher up. We find no obvious relation between umbral dots and umbral flashes.
Accuracy assessment of water vapour measurements from in situ and remote sensing techniques during the DEMEVAP 2011 campaign at OHP

Abstract. The Development of Methodologies for Water Vapour Measurement (DEMEVAP) project aims at assessing and improving humidity sounding techniques and establishing a reference system based on the combination of Raman lidars, ground-based sensors and GPS. Such a system may be used for climate monitoring, radiosonde bias detection and correction, satellite measurement calibration/validation, and mm-level geodetic positioning with Global Navigation Satellite Systems. A field experiment was conducted in September–October 2011 at Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP). Two Raman lidars (IGN mobile lidar and OHP NDACC lidar), a stellar spectrometer (SOPHIE), a differential absorption spectrometer (SAOZ), a sun photometer (AERONET), 5 GPS receivers and 4 types of radiosondes (Vaisala RS92, MODEM M2K2-DC and M10, and Meteolabor Snow White) participated in the campaign. A total of 26 balloons with multiple radiosondes were flown during 16 clear nights. This paper presents preliminary findings from the analysis of all these data sets. Several classical Raman lidar calibration methods are evaluated which use either Vaisala RS92 measurements, point capacitive humidity measurements, or GPS integrated water vapour (IWV) measurements. A novel method proposed by Bosser et al. (2010) is also tested. It consists in calibrating the lidar measurements during the GPS data processing. The methods achieve a repeatability of 4–5%. Changes in the calibration factor of IGN Raman lidar are evidenced which are attributed to frequent optical re-alignments. When modelling and correcting the changes as a linear function of time, the precision of the calibration factors improves to 2–3%. However, the variations in the calibration factor, and hence the absolute accuracy, between methods and types of reference data remain at the level of 7%. The intercomparison of radiosonde measurements shows good agreement between RS92 and Snow White measurements up to 12 km. An overall dry bias is found in the measurements from both MODEM radiosondes. Investigation of situations with low RH values (
On the Contribution of Mother’s Education to Children’s Nutritional Capabilities in Mozambique

This paper examines the role of mother’s education in expanding children’s nutritional capabilities in Mozambique, a country where both educational and nutritional deprivations are dramatic. The econometric results, based on data from the 2003 DHS survey, suggest that mother’s schooling is a key determinant of children’s nutrition, but its direct marginal contribution is declining after completion of primary education. Children whose mothers have completed primary education are far more likely to be well nourished than children whose mothers have lower or no educational attainments. Primary education works through the increase of mother’s general knowledge and, to a less extent, of her nutrition knowledge. Mother’s secondary schooling, instead, contributes only indirectly, by increasing household wealth. A further empirical analysis shows that there is no substantial difference in the benefits of mother’s education depending on whether she resides in urban or rural areas. Finally, the paper provides empirical evidence that female education is essential to improve children’s wellbeing in Mozambique, and that only a small part of this influence works through the traditional economic channel.
Biosorption of Hexavalent Chromium Using Aspergillus niger dead biomass and its optimization studies

Degradation of such heavy metals is not possible as these are elements which cannot be converted to non-toxic end products like CO2 and H2O (Pandey and Banerjee, 2012). Since heavy metals are the major pollutants of both terrestrial and aquatic (even in treated waste water), novel technologies for effective metal removal are still managing to register the success (Nuhoglu et al., 2002). Some of the important sources of metal pollution include electroplating, painting, dying, tannery etc. These heavy metals are toxic and cause several health hazards that ultimately damage the vital organs (Sanyal et al., 2005; Volesky and Holan, 1995). ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 10 (2014) pp. 669-678 http://www.ijcmas. com
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SYNCHRONISATION OF BUSINESS CYCLES FOR DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING ECONOMIES WITH THE WORLD BUSINESS CYCLE

Globalisation brought about worldwide changes, including economic and financial integration between countries. This integration implied, in business cycle theory, the emergence of a common business cycle. Most developed economies seem to follow the world business cycle most of the time. However, there is little evidence of the co-movement between emerging markets, such as South Africa, and the common cycle. Factor models, using principal component analysis, were constructed for developed and developing countries with output, consumption and investment data. These factors were compared to the world business cycle. Co-movement was found between some countries and the world factor. The results suggest that there are country-specific and worldwide sources of economic shocks, which play different roles at different times in different countries. This has implications for forecasting the business cycle, especially in times of economic turmoil.
Omega-3 Enrichment of Quail Eggs: Age, Fish Oil, and Savory Essential Oil

The aim of this study was to develop a diet suitable for obtaining quail eggs enriched with omega-3 fatty acids with minimum disadvantages on egg quality. This 12 weeks study was performed to investigate the effects of Fish Oil (FO) and Savory ( Satureja khuzestanica ) Essential Oil (EO) supplementation in diets of laying quails at different ages, on their performance, egg quality, fatty acid composition, and oxidation of egg yolk. One hundred and ninety-two Japanese quails were allocated to 8 groups (24 birds in each) with four replicates (having 6 birds in each) in a factorial arrangement with 3 variables: Age (31 and 12 weeks), FO (0 and 15 g kg -1 ), and EO (0 and 500 mg kg -1 ). The results showed that FO supplementation partially improved feed conversion ratio, hen-day egg production, egg weight and egg mass. There were no significant differences in albumen and shell weight percentage, but yolk percentage was significantly lower in FO groups. Savory essential oil significantly decreased shell thickness (P< 0.05). Percentage of yolk eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) increased but Arachidonic Acid (AA) percentage and the ratio of n-6/ n-3 fatty acids decreased in the eggs of the birds fed on diets supplemented with FO. Also EO supplementation decreased omega-3 enriched egg yolk lipids oxidation during refrigeration and room temperature preservation. Thus, it is possible to produce quail's n-3 enriched eggs, which can improve public health and be used for marketing purposes without any loss in eggs quality through dietary administration of FO and EO.
Whole Gene Sequencing Based Screening Approach to Detect ÃÂ²-Thalassemia Mutations

About 200 causative mutations are characterized in the β-globin gene. Beta thalassemia diagnosis is very complicated due to the genetic diversity of HBB gene across different geographical regions of the world. In the present study, we have analyzed 138 clinical specimens among them 66 were from 21 unrelated families (trio samples which had DNA from father, mother and chorionic villus sample/amniotic fluid sample) and 72 individual specimens using newly developed sequencing and PCR based assay. We observed 11 different HBB gene mutations in 138 samples, which were also cited by literature as the most prevalent mutations in Indian subcontinent population. The most common mutation observed in our study was HBB.C. 92+5 G>C (GC+CC genotype was observed to be 44.93%). Few interesting case studies like co-inheritance of sickle cell anemia and β- thalassemia traits, compound heterozygosity of beta thalassemia major mutation in the case of twin pregnancy were also focused briefly. Commercially available molecular diagnostic kits of HBB gene can detect and identify targeted mutations but will not detect novel and non-targeted mutations of beta thalassemia in parental blood and fetal samples. Hence, a screening technique involving complete sequencing of HBB gene (β-globin gene) is required along with gap PCR approach to provide complete diagnosis of beta thalassemia disease.
Animal Welfare: Could Adult Play be a False Friend?

There is no consensus regarding the functions of play. As play behavior is a characteristic of young stages of development, it has been suggested that the higher prevalence of adult play observed in domestic animals could be the result of their "neotenic retardation. " Functional hypotheses have dealt with the long term benefits, such as "rehearsal," "motor training" for future adult competencies or "training for the unexpected. " However, there is little consistent experimental evidence favoring a particular hypothesis. The present study aimed to test the functional significance of adult play as a potential reliable indicator of good welfare, a by-product of domestication or a tool for social cohesion. Observations of both a domestic species (the horse) and wild/captive animals (cercopithecids) confirm the literature data that show the greater prevalence of adult play in the domestic/captive situations. This convergence between a domestic and a wild species argue against the idea that adult play may be a mere product of domestication. Moreover, animals living in naturalistic situations had the same low level of adult play as observed in wild animals suggesting that captive/domestic animals do not play only because they are stress free or well fed. Play is not a reliable indicator of welfare: Horses and adult macaques that played the most were also those that exhibited the greatest signals of poor welfare as stereotypic behaviors. Furthermore, adult play was more frequent at times of social disturbances and instability. Adult play is a sign showing that the adult organism needs to evacuate stress.
Determination of fracture parameters of concrete based on water-cement ratio

The aim of this study is to predict formulas based on the Abrams’ Law between fracture parameters of concrete and w/c. Therefore, a series of three-point bend test on specimens were performed. The beams were made from mixes with water/cement ratios varying in the range of 0.34-0.85. The fracture parameters for each mix were calculated according to a popular fracture mechanics approach — two-parameter model. The present experimental data indicate that the fracture parameters of two-parameter model are inversely proportional to w/c ratios. In conclusion, the present test results are in agreement with the Abrams’ Law.
Unrealized expectations of jumps in volatility: An explanation to the low and time-varying predictive power of implied volatility

The low predictive power of implied volatility in forecasting the subsequently realized volatility is a well-documented empirical puzzle. As suggested by e.g. Feinstein (1989), Jackwerth and Rubinstein (1996), and Bates (1997), we test whether unrealized expectations of jumps in volatility could explain this phenomenon. Our findings show that expectations of infrequently occurring jumps in volatility are indeed priced in implied volatility. This has two important consequences. First, implied volatility is actually expected to exceed realized volatility over long periods of time only to be greatly less than realized volatility during infrequently occurring periods of very high volatility. Second, the slope coefficient in the classic forecasting regression of realized volatility on implied volatility is very sensitive to the discrepancy between ex ante expected and ex post realized jump frequencies. If the in-sample frequency of positive volatility jumps is lower than ex ante assessed by the market, the classic regression test tends to reject the hypothesis of informational efficiency even if markets are informationally effective.