Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Morphological Classification Scheme for the Mandibular Hypoplasia in Treacher Collins Syndrome.

BACKGROUND Mandibular hypoplasia is a hallmark of Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS), and its severity accounts for significant functional morbidity. The purpose of this study is to develop a mandibular classification scheme. METHODS A classification scheme was designed based on three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) scans to assess 3 characteristic features: degree of condylar hypoplasia, mandibular plane angle (condylion-gonion-menton), and degree of retrognathia (sella-nasion-B point angle). Each category was graded from I to IV and a composite mandible classification was determined by the median value among the 3 component grades. RESULTS Twenty patients with TCS, aged 1 month to 20 years, with at least one 3D-CT prior to mandibular surgery were studied. Overall, 33 3D-CTs were evaluated and ordered from least to most severe phenotype with 10 (30%) Grade 1 (least severe), 14 (42%) Grade 2, 7 (21%) Grade 3, and 2 (7%) Grade 4 (most severe). Seven patients had at least 2 longitudinal scans encompassing an average 5.7 (range 5-11) years of growth. Despite increasing age, mandibular classification (both components and composite) remained stable in those patients over time (P = 0.2182). CONCLUSION The authors present a classification scheme for the TCS mandible based on degree of condylar hypoplasia, mandibular plane angle (Co-Go-Me angle), and retrognathia (SNB angle). While there is a natural progression of the mandibular morphology with age, patients followed longitudinally demonstrate consistency in their classification. Further work is needed to determine the classification scheme's validity, generalizability, and overall utility.
Characterization of High Altitude Turbulence for Air Force Platforms

Upper tropospheric and stratospheric turbulence (altitudes ∼ 12-25 km) is an atmospheric phenomenon that has a significant impact on many DoD operations. In particular, optical turbulence (i.e., high frequency fluctuations in the temperature fields) can be a limiting factor in laser propagation for both weapon (e.g., Airborne Laser) and optical communication systems. Optical turbulence along a laser’s path acts to defocus the beam and thus reduces the energy per unit area on a target. When used for visible spectrum high-band width communications, strong optical turbulence can cause significant data dropouts. At the altitudes between 12 and 25 km the atmosphere is generally stably stratified with embedded optically turbulent layers on the orders of 1 to 100 m thick in the vertical and tens to hundreds of km long in the horizontal. While there is a need for real-time forecasts of high altitude turbulence, the vertical scale of the phenomena precludes its explicit depiction by operational numerical weather prediction models. The current approach is to use statistical parameterizations relating vertical temperature gradients and wind shear to optical turbulence (i.e., Dewan et al. 1993; Walters and Miller 1999; Jackson 2004). However none of these techniques come close to fully representing the needs of DoD (e.g., Ruggiero and Debenedictis 2002). While Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) and for some cases Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) have the ability to explicitly resolve atmospheric turbulence, they are not currently practical for real-time applications due to their computational intensive nature.
The Role of Resources and Flow at Work in Well-Being

This study examined flow at work, an optimal experience for individuals and organizations generating motivation and well-being. Relationships between job resources, flow at work, and personal resources were investigated, and their association with positive/negative emotions at work was also investigated. In all, 520 Italian nurses completed a questionnaire which measured supervisors’ support, job autonomy (job resources), job competencies, self-efficacy at work (personal resources), flow at work, and positive and negative emotions at work. Data analysis performed using a structural equations model showed that job resources were positively associated with flow at work, which was positively associated with personal resources. Moreover, job resources were positively associated with personal resources through flow at work, and job resources and flow at work were positively associated with positive emotions. The relationship between these variables and well-being/discomfort highlights the importance of promoting flow at work, supporting job resources that nurture positive experiences at work.
Stage 2 Registered Report: There is no appreciable relationship between strength of hand preference and language ability in 6- to 7-year-old children

Background: Weak or inconsistent hand preference has been postulated to be a risk factor for developmental language delay. Following on from our Registered Stage 1 report this study assessed the extent to which variations in language skills are associated with the strength of hand preference. Methods: Data are drawn from a large sample ( N = 569) of 6- to 7-year-old children unselected for ability, assessed at two time points, 6 months apart. Hand preference was assessed using the Quantitative Hand Preference (QHP) task and five uni-manual motor tasks. Language skills (expressive and receptive vocabulary, receptive grammar, and morphological awareness) were assessed with standardized measures. Results: We found QHP scores did not distinguish children with weaker language skills from those with stronger language skills and the correlation between QHP scores and language ability was negligible in this study. Hand preference on the QHP task was significantly stronger among right-handed than left-handed children and left-handed children were typically inconsistent in the hand used across different tasks. Conclusions: The findings presented here fail to provide any support for the theory that weak cerebral lateralisation (as assessed here by the QHP task) places children at risk of language difficulties . Stage 1 report: https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15077. 1
Antibacterial effect of some wild medicinal plants in Palestine against multidrug resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolate

Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens, plants are being an excellent alternate to fight the further spread of multidrug resistant microorganisms. In this study, six plant species grown wildly in Palestine were used to determine their efficacy against multidrug resistant clinical isolate of Escherichia coli. The dried areal parts of Calamintha incana, Lupins pilosus, Parietaria judica, Satureja thymbra, Thymbra spicata and Verbascum fruticulosum were extracted with water, ethanol and methanol solvents. All extracts were screened for their antibacterial activity using micro-dilution method. Plant extraction with alcohol solvents provided stronger antibacterial effect compared to the aqueous ones. All alcoholic extracts have an inhibitory effect against E. coli except the ethanol extract of L. pilosus and the methanol extracts of V. fruticulosum and C. incana. Moreover, C. incana aqueous extract was the only aqueous extract with bacteriostatic activity. Among the studied plant species, ethanol extract of T. spicata was the most potent one with MBC value 12.5 mg/mL. However, P. judica ethanol extract which exhibited the best MIC effect (6.25 mg/mL) killed E. coli isolate at a 25 mg/mL. In conclusion, obtained results confirmed the efficacy of using some plant extracts as natural antibacterial alternatives. Therefore, it suggests the possibility of using them as drugs for the treatment of other multidrug resistant bacterial isolates.
The individual and the nation: A qualitative analysis of US liberal and conservative identity content

Recent research highlights the significant role of political ideological identities in America’s increasing political polarisation. In line with social identity theory, self-placement as a US liberal or conservative predicts favouritism toward the ideological in-group and negative attitudes and behaviours toward the outgroup. The theory also holds that the link between self-categorisation and behaviour is mediated by the content of that identity, by what an individual believes it means to be a member of that group. Although previous research has done much to analyse the differences between US liberals and conservatives on various a priori dimensions, little work has been aimed at gaining a holistic account of ideological identity content from the individual’s lay perspective. Through qualitative analysis of 40 interviews (20 liberals and 20 conservatives), this study identifies central themes in the meaning self-identified US liberals and conservatives attribute to these labels and finds evidence for asymmetrical constructions of these identities. The liberal participant group’s identity construction revolved around identification as, and concern for, individuals, supported by reference to personal values and political issues and underpinned by a motivation to move toward a more equal society. Conversely, the conservative participant group connected the understanding of their identity directly to the political ideology of the nation through a thread of self-reliance and reverence for the national group. Implications for political behaviour and the study of ideological identity are discussed.
Spatial Variability of Pesticides in Field Soils: Methods for Data Analysis and Consequences

The spatial variation of measured pesticide concentrations is often a complicating factor in interpreting the results from field studies. This is particularly true when the study objective is quantitative evaluation of pathways of pesticide loss (leaching, degradation) or efficacy. The variation can result from a lack of uniformity in pesticide or water application (an extrinsic factor) or from spatial differences in various physical, chemical, and biological processes (intrinsic factors) that act to transport and transform pesticides in the field. Most research attention to date has not focused on the spatial variation of these basic processes, but rather on the total spatial variation (extrinsic plus intrinsic) in the measured concentrations of residual pesticide.
University spaces for entrepreneurship: a process model

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore trends in entrepreneurship spaces developed by universities to support entrepreneurship education. It identifies characteristics that make a space conducive to innovation and explains whether current spaces adequately conform to those characteristics. More generally, this paper seeks to clarify what is being built, for which purposes and with what results. Design/methodology/approach Given the novelty of this research, the paper uses a multiple-method approach to allow for an iterative examination between theory and data. Multiple data and methods were used, including an action research method, a systematic survey of 57 entrepreneurship spaces at US universities and a thematic and content analyses of interviews carried out with individuals directly involved in the functioning of such spaces. Findings The paper presents a prescriptive model aimed at guiding the practitioner in the design of an entrepreneurship space. It identifies five types of entrepreneurship spaces that differentially support entrepreneurial activities and rely on different characteristics. These characteristics are centrally important for innovation and entrepreneurship spaces. Practical implications There are a number of practical implications from the work. It identifies key challenges in the design of entrepreneurship spaces and shows which questions to consider in the decision-making process. Originality/value The paper advances research on entrepreneurship spaces, an important yet poorly understood phenomenon. It reviews and introduces the literature on how space can support innovation, entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial “spirit’” and proposes a typology of entrepreneurship spaces, providing a path toward more robust and comprehensive theory building.
Semantic Models for a Version of PARLOG

This paper gives four semantics for PARLOG: two operational semantics based on a transition system, a declarative semantics and a denotational semantics. One operational and the declarative semantics model the success set of a PARLOG program, that is, the set of computed answer substitutions corresponding to all successfully terminating computations. The other operational and the denotational semantics model also deadlock and infinite computations. For the declarative and the denotational semantics we extend standard notions like unification in order to cope with the synchronization mechanism of PARLOG. The basic mathematical structure for the declarative semantics is the set of finite streams of substitutions. In the denotational semantics we use tree-like structures that are labelled with streams of substitutions. We look at the relations between the different models: First we relate the two operational semantics and next we show the relation of the declarative and denotational semantics with their operational counterparts. We treat a version of PARLOG because we do not cover all aspects of the language.
Behavior of 2,4-D in Common Waterplantain (Alisma triviale)

Retention, absorption, translocation, and metabolism of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] by common waterplantain (Alisma triviale Pursh. # ALSPA) at three growth stages were investigated to determine the basis for differential susceptibility of common waterplantain at different growth stages. Plants in the five-leaf and scape elongation stages retained more 2,4-D than plants in the early flowering stage. Absorption of 14C-2,4-D by the flower stalk was less than absorption by the treated leaves regardless of growth stage. The majority of the absorbed 14C translocated out of the treated plant part was recovered in the aerial portion of the plant younger than the treated leaves or in the corm, with greater movement of 14C into the corm at the older growth stages. Metabolism of 14C-2,4-D did not differ among the growth stages. The results suggest that the greater sensitivity of common waterplantain at the scape elongation stage to 2,4-D is due to greater translocation to the corm when compared to the five-leaf stage, and greater retention when compared to the early flowering stage.
Unified Communication Framework

The unified communication framework (UCF) is a unified network protocol and field programmable gate array core for high-speed serial interfaces employed in data acquisition systems. It provides up to 64 different communication channels via a single serial link. One channel is reserved for timing and trigger information, whereas the other channels can be used for slow control interfaces and data transmission. All channels except the timing are bidirectional and share network bandwidth according to assigned priority. The timing channel distributes messages with fixed and deterministic latency in one direction. In this regard, the protocol implementation is asymmetric. The precision of the timing channel is given by the jitter of the recovered clock and is typically in the order of 10–20 ps rms. The timing channel has highest priority and a slow control interface should use the second highest priority channel in order to avoid long delays due to high traffic on other channels. The framework supports point-to-point connections and starlike 1:n topologies for optical networks with a passive splitter. It always employs one of the connection parties as a master and the others as slaves. The starlike topology can be used for front ends with low data rates or pure time distribution systems. In this case, the master broadcasts information according to assigned priority, whereas the slaves communicate in a time sharing manner to the master. In the open systems interconnection layer model, the UCF can be classified as layers one to three, which includes the physical, the data, and the network layer.
Effects of bed slope on the flow field of vertical slot fishways

Vertical slot fishways (VSFs) are the most efficient and least selective typology of technical fish passage, due to their ability to remain effective even when significant upstream and/or downstream water level fluctuations occur. Fishway construction costs can be reduced by increasing its bed slope, but this affects the flow field inside the pools, with higher head drops between the basins, as well as turbulence levels and flow velocities, which may affect fish passage. In light of this, a VSF was investigated by 3D numerical simulations to identify the possible effects of the bed slope (using values from 1.67% to 10%) on the flow field and subsequent implications for fish passage. A particular focus was devoted to cyprinind species, but the results can be extended to other species of similar swimming abilities and, therefore, be applicable to multispecies rivers. Flow velocity and turbulence values such as turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds stresses were analysed from a fish passage perspective in relation to threshold values derived from previous studies. Pool areas where turbulence values are compatible with fish ability and behaviour were quantified. Maps of the location of fish‐friendly zones in the VSF pools were produced and can constitute a reference for practical applications in fishway design. The flow field generated with bed slopes lower than 6.67% is more compatible with fish swimming capabilities, because it exhibits a predominantly 2D behaviour and more suitable hydraulic conditions, whereas at higher slopes, turbulence levels in the pools increase.
Olfaction as a Marker of Cognitive Impairment in Older Veterans

Abstract Olfactory testing may be an effective marker for cognitive impairment (CI) and dementia, but no studies have explored this association in older veterans, a vulnerable group with a high burden of chronic conditions. Independently living older veterans (n = 59) completed a neuropsychological battery—assessing three cognitive domains: learning/memory, language, and executive function—and an olfactory identification (OI) assessment. Lower OI performance was significantly associated with worse memory and executive function (p for trend = 0.03 and .05) after adjusting for age, education, smoking, and TBI history. Among older veterans, these results suggest that olfactory dysfunction may be a useful marker of CI.
Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-Infected Tuberculosis Patients Saves Lives but Needs to Be Used More Frequently in Thailand

Introduction:The impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HIV-infected tuberculosis (TB) patients in public health programs in resource-limited settings is not well documented due to problems with statistical bias in observational studies. Methods:We measured the impact of ART on survival of HIV-infected TB patients in Thailand using a propensity score analysis that adjusted for factors associated with receiving ART. Results:Of 626 HIV-infected TB patients started on ART during TB treatment, 68 (11%) died compared with 295/643 (46%) of patients not prescribed ART (relative risk 0.24, 95% confidence interval: 0.19 to 0.30); in patients with very low CD4 (<10), 12/56 (21%) patients receiving ART died compared with 35/43 (81%) patients not receiving ART (relative risk 0.26, 95% confidence interval: 0.16 to 0.44). Patients treated in the private sector and in rural areas were less commonly prescribed ART. After controlling for propensity to receive ART, the hazard ratio for death among patients treated with ART was 0.17 (95% confidence interval: 0.12 to 0.24). Discussion:Patients who received ART had one sixth the risk of death of those not receiving ART. The survival benefit persisted even for those with a very low CD4 count. Expanding use of ART in HIV-infected TB patients will require increasing ART use in the private sector and rural areas.
PENGARUH KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP HUBUNGAN ANTARA IKLIM ORGANISASI DENGAN KINERJA PERAWAT PADA RSUD KOTA MATARAM

This research is aimed at determining the effect of work satisfaction on the relation betweenorganizational atmosphere and performance of nurseat Mataram District Hospital. This research is an associative study. The datawerw collected through questionnaires, interview, and hospital as the population from which 162 nurses selected as the samples (besides 15 nurses were evaluated by the head of nurses). The were anlayzed using moderated regression analysis to test hipotesis. The research showed that there is significant and positive effect of organizational atmosphere and performance of nurses at Mataram District Hospitaal. The organizational atmosphere is good to boost the performance of the nurses. work satisfaction is not moderated variables but independent variable that affect the performance of the nurses of Mataram District Hospital. This means that work satisfaction directly affect the performance. The work satisfaction can make the relation between the work satisfaction and the performanceof the nurses but not significant enough. This mean that work satisfication does not affect significantly to strengthen the relation between the work satisfaction and the performance of the nurses, the relation of wihich is only 16,9%, while the rest is the effect of other vaariables outside the this research problems Keywords: work satisfaction, organizational atmosphere, performance
Earnings management, audit quality, and cost of debt: evidence from a Central Asian economy

Purpose This study aims to examine the effects of earnings management and audit quality on cost of debt of listed companies in Kazakhstan. The study also investigates the effects of audit quality on earnings management and whether the relationship between earnings management and cost of debt is affected by audit quality in the context of a given emerging economy. Design/methodology/approach The study sample consists of public companies listed in the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE) from 2011 to 2016, and all data were obtained from audited financial statements and annual reports downloaded from the webpage of KASE. The study uses the cross-sectional ordinary least squares technique to test the impact of audit quality and earnings management on cost of debt. Findings The collected empirical evidence shows that earnings management is negatively related to cost of debt. The findings also indicate that higher audit quality leads to a lower cost of debt. However, the results suggest that audit quality has no impact on earnings management and that the effect of earnings management on cost of debt is not different for the companies audited by the Big Four and for the companies audited by other audit firms. Practical implications The findings of the study can be of interest to policy-makers, regulators, investors and practitioners in emerging markets with an institutional environment similar to that of Kazakhstan. Originality/value The study throws more light on the impact of earnings management and audit quality on cost of debt in Kazakhstan, representing the Central Asian region. This study also extends the current literature by providing empirical evidence that the relationship between earnings management and cost of debt is not affected by audit quality.