Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Band‐Edge Exciton Fine Structure and Exciton Recombination Dynamics in Single Crystals of Layered Hybrid Perovskites

2D perovskite materials have recently reattracted intense research interest for applications in photovoltaics and optoelectronics. As a consequence of the dielectric and quantum confinement effect, they show strongly bound and stable excitons at room temperature. Here, the band‐edge exciton fine structure and in particular its exciton and biexciton dynamics in high quality crystals of (PEA)2PbI4 are investigated. A comparison of bulk and surface exciton lifetimes yields a room temperature surface recombination velocity of 2 × 103 cm s−1 and an intrinsic lifetime of 185 ns. Biexciton emission is evidenced at room temperature, with a binding energy of ≈45 meV and a lifetime of 80 ps. At low temperature, exciton state splitting is observed, which is caused by the electron–hole exchange interaction. Transient photoluminescence resolves the low‐lying dark exciton state, with a bright/dark splitting energy estimated to be 10 meV. This work contributes to the understanding of the complex scenario of the elementary photoexcitations in 2D perovskites.
Unconventional Hund Metal in MnSi

The interplay between electronic itinerancy and localization in magnetic metals rests at the heart of numerous frontiers in condensed matter physics. Fluctuations of magnetic order in metals inevitably couple to charge carriers and are believed to drive phenomena spanning from dramatic violations of Fermi liquid theory to realizations of high temperature superconductivity. The nature of these fluctuations and the paradigms through which they arise are however often debated. In particular, the continued relevance of local electron correlations driven by Hund's coupling (the electrostatic interaction between electrons in different orbitals on the same atomic site) in metals far removed from insulating states remains an open question. Here we use inelastic neutron scattering to study a canonical example of a weakly magnetic metal known to be far from a localized insulating regime, MnSi, and we demonstrate that correlation effects surprisingly remain essential to forming its magnetic fluctuations. Short wavelength magnons continue to propagate until a mode crossing predicted for strongly interacting quasiparticles is reached, and the local susceptibility peaks at a coherence energy predicted for a Hund metal by dynamical mean-field theory. Our results establish MnSi as a striking example of a correlated Hund metal and showcase a model where scattering between electrons and intertwined orbital and spin fluctuations generates non-Fermi liquid character distant from a Mott instability.
The Imprint of Spiral Arms on the Galactic Rotation Curve

We discuss a model for the Milky Way obtained by fitting the observed terminal velocities with the radial acceleration relation. The resulting stellar surface density profile departs from a smooth exponential disk, having bumps and wiggles that correspond to massive spiral arms. These features are used to estimate the term for the logarithmic density gradient in the Jeans equation, which turn out to have exactly the right location and amplitude to reconcile the apparent discrepancy between the stellar rotation curve and that of the interstellar gas. This model also predicts a gradually declining rotation curve outside the solar circle with slope , as subsequently observed.
Survival analysis as a classification problem

In this paper, we explore a method for treating survival analysis as a classification problem. The method uses a "stacking" idea that collects the features and outcomes of the survival data in a large data frame, and then treats it as a classification problem. In this framework, various statistical learning algorithms (including logistic regression, random forests, gradient boosting machines and neural networks) can be applied to estimate the parameters and make predictions. For stacking with logistic regression, we show that this approach is approximately equivalent to the Cox proportional hazards model with both theoretical analysis and simulation studies. For stacking with other machine learning algorithms, we show through simulation studies that our method can outperform Cox proportional hazards model in terms of estimated survival curves. This idea is not new, but we believe that it should be better known by statistiicians and other data scientists.
Energy Minimization Principle for non-archimedean curves

Baker and Rumely defined a notion of Arakelov-Green's functions on the Berkovich analytification of the projective line and established an Energy Minimization Principle. We extend their definition and show the Energy Minimization Principle for general smooth projective curves. As an application we get a generalization and a different proof of an equidistribution result by Baker and Petsche.
Rainbow Pancyclicity in Graph Systems

Let $G_1,\ldots,G_n$ be graphs on the same vertex set of size $n$, each graph with minimum degree $\delta(G_i)\ge n/2$. A recent conjecture of Aharoni asserts that there exists a rainbow Hamiltonian cycle i.e. a cycle with edge set $\{e_1,\ldots,e_n\}$ such that $e_i\in E(G_i)$ for $1\leq i \leq n$. This can be viewed as a rainbow version of the well-known Dirac theorem. In this paper, we prove this conjecture asymptotically by showing that for every $\varepsilon>0$, there exists an integer $N>0$, such that when $n>N$ for any graphs $G_1,\ldots,G_n$ on the same vertex set of size $n$ with $\delta(G_i)\ge (\frac{1}{2}+\varepsilon)n$, there exists a rainbow Hamiltonian cycle. Our main tool is the absorption technique. Additionally, we prove that with $\delta(G_i)\geq \frac{n+1}{2}$ for each $i$, one can find rainbow cycles of length $3,\ldots,n-1$.
Stability of axion dark matter-photon conversion

It is known that a coherently oscillating axion field is a candidate of the dark matter. In the presence of the oscillating axion, the photon can be resonantly produced through the parametric amplification. In the universe, there also exist cosmological magnetic fields which are coherent electromagnetic fields. In the presence of magnetic fields, an axion can be converted into a photon, and vice versa. Thus, it is interesting to investigate what happens for the axion-photon system in the presence of both the axion dark matter and the magnetic fields. This system can be regarded as a coupled system of the axion and the photon whose equations contain the Mathieu type terms. We find that the instability condition is changed in the presence of magnetic fields in contrast to the conventional Mathieu equation. The positions of bifurcation points between stable and unstable are shifted and new instability bands appear. This is because the resonantly amplified axion can be converted to photon, and vice versa.
Harish-Chandra Pairs in the Verlinde Category in Positive Characteristic

In this article, we develop the theory of commutative and cocommutative Hopf algerbas in the Verlinde category and prove that the category of affine group schemes of finite type in the Verlinde category is equivalent to the category of Harish-Chandra pairs in the Verlinde category. Subsequently, we extend this equivalence to an equivalence between corresponding representation categories.
Runtime Verification over Out-of-order Streams

We present an approach for verifying systems at runtime. Our approach targets distributed systems whose components communicate with monitors over unreliable channels, where messages can be delayed, reordered, or even lost. Furthermore, our approach handles an expressive specification language that extends the real-time logic MTL with freeze quantifiers for reasoning about data values. The logic’s main novelty is a new three-valued semantics that is well suited for runtime verification as it accounts for partial knowledge about a system’s behavior. Based on this semantics, we present online algorithms that reason soundly and completely about streams where events can occur out of order. We also evaluate our algorithms experimentally. Depending on the specification, our prototype implementation scales to out-of-order streams with hundreds to thousands of events per second.
Robust Semi-Direct Monocular Visual Odometry Using Edge and Illumination-Robust Cost

In this work, we propose a monocular semi-direct visual odometry framework, which is capable of exploiting the best attributes of edge features and local photometric information for illumination-robust camera motion estimation and scene reconstruction. In the tracking layer, the edge alignment error and image gradient error are jointly optimized through a convergence-preserved reweighting strategy, which not only preserves the property of illumination invariance but also leads to larger convergence basin and higher tracking accuracy compared with individual approaches. In the mapping layer, a fast probabilistic 1D search strategy is proposed to locate the best photometrically matched point along all geometrically possible edges, which enables real-time edge point correspondence generation using merely high-frequency components of the image. The resultant reprojection error is then used to substitute edge alignment error for joint optimization in local bundle adjustment, avoiding the partial observability issue of monocular edge mapping as well as improving the stability of optimization. We present extensive analysis and evaluation of our proposed system on synthetic and real-world benchmark datasets under the influence of illumination changes and large camera motions, where our proposed system outperforms current state-of-art algorithms.
Early pericalcarine atrophy in acute optic neuritis is associated with conversion to MS

Background Previous work showed that pericalcarine cortical volume loss is evident early after presentation with acute clinically isolated optic neuritis (ON). The aims of this study were: (1) To determine whether pericalcarine atrophy predicts conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS); (2) To investigate whether regional atrophy specifically affects visual cortex; (3) To investigate potential causes of early pericalcarine atrophy using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Twenty-eight patients with acute ON and ten controls underwent structural MRI (brain and optic nerves) and were followed up over 12 months. Associations between the development of MS, optic nerve, optic radiation and pericalcarine cortical damage measures were investigated using multiple regression models. Regional cortical volumetric differences between patients and controls were calculated using t-tests. Results The development of MS at 12 months was associated with greater whole-brain and optic radiation lesion loads, shorter acute optic nerve lesions and smaller pericalcarine cortical volume at baseline. Regional atrophy was not evident in other cortical regions. Pericalcarine atrophy was not directly associated with whole-brain lesion load, optic radiation measures or optic nerve lesion length. However, the association between pericalcarine atrophy and MS was not independent of these parameters. Conclusions Reduced pericalcarine cortical volumes in patients with early clinically isolated ON predicts the development of MS, but volumes of other cortical regions early after ON are not predictive. Hence, pericalcarine cortical regions appear particularly susceptible to early damage. These findings could be explained by a combination of pathological effects to visual grey and white matter in patients with ON.
Biodegradation of Azo dye using Bacillus flexus

Morphologically different, three bacterial strains, capable of decolorizing azo dye were isolated from textile dyeing industry effluent located at Erode. These strains were characterized and were identified to be Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus flexus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. B. flexus isolated from the effluent sample was studied for its biodegradation action on azo dye. Percentage degradation of 100 ppm dye by 5% v/v and 10% v/v inoculum of B. flexus was studied. B. flexus at a higher concentration (10% v/v) was found to exhibit maximum degradation activity (80.2%) than at lower concentration. The decolorization was confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The biomass of 5% v/v inoculum of B. flexus estimated during dye degradation assay was found to be 0.0032 g at 48 h incubation and that of 10% v/v inoculum showed 0.0039 g biomass.
Effects of Soy Consump tion on Oxidative Stress , Blood Homocysteine , Coagulation Factors , and Phosphorus in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Objective: We studied the effects of soy consumption on oxidative stress, blood homocysteine, coagulation factors, and phosphorus in peritoneal dialysis patients. Design: This was an unblinded, randomized clinical trial. Setting: This study involved peritoneal dialysis centers in Tehran, Iran. Patients: We included 40 peritoneal dialysis patients (20 males and 20 females). Intervention: Peritoneal dialysis patients were randomly assigned to either a soy or control group. Patients in the soy group received 28 g/day textured soy flour (containing 14 g of soy protein) for 8 weeks, whereas patients in the control group received their usual diet, without any soy. Main Outcome Measures: Blood oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), homocysteine, phosphorus, fibrinogen concentrations, and the activities of coagulation factors VII, IX, and X were measured at baseline and at the end of week 8 of the study. Results: The percentage of plasma coagulation factor IX activity decreased significantly by 17% in the soy group at the end of week 8 compared with baseline (P , .01), and the reduction was significant compared with the control group (P , .05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in mean changes of blood ox-LDL, homocysteine, phosphorus, fibrinogen concentrations, and the activities of coagulation factors VII and X. Conclusion: Soy consumption reduces plasma coagulation factor IX activity, which is a risk factor for thrombosis in peritoneal dialysis patients. 2009 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Severe teratozoospermia associated with severe oligospermia affects clinical outcome in human ICSI cycles

This study retrospectively investigated the effects of obvious head shape defect in sperm on embryo development and pregnancy outcome. Couples with severe oligospermia (total sperm count was less than several hundred, thus not enough for morphological assessment) were divided into two groups based on morphological observation of sperm head. Group 1 (N=45): sperm with obvious head shape defects (large or small, tapered, pyriform and amorphous head defects). Group 2 (N=166): sperm with “good looking head shape”. The parameters of embryo development and pregnancy outcome were compared between the two groups. There were lower fertilization rates, availablity rate, high-quality embryo rate and cumulative live birth rate and higher miscarriage rate in Group 1 when compared with Group 2. No birth defects in the two groups were reported in the clinic. Embryo development and pregnancy outcome with fresh versus frozen-thawed sperm were similar in two groups. However, poor embryo development and pregnancy outcome were found in the obvious head shape defect sperm group regardless of using fresh or frozen-thawed sperm. While embryo development was apparently divergent in OAT/OA/NOA groups, the clinical outcomes were similar. Sperm with obvious head shape defects did affect embryo development and clinical outcome in OAT groups, but not in the OA/NOA group. All above results may supply a reference for clinical outcome when using these severe teratozoospermia associated with extreme oligospermia samples.
Spectral Theory and Mirror Curves of Higher Genus CODESIDO SANCHEZ

Recently, a correspondence has been proposed between spectral theory and topological strings on toric Calabi-Yau manifolds. In this paper we develop in detail this correspondence for mirror curves of higher genus, which display many new features as compared to the genus one case studied so far. Given a curve of genus g, our quantization scheme leads to g different trace class operators. Their spectral properties are encoded in a generalized spectral determinant, which is an entire function on the Calabi-Yau moduli space. We conjecture an exact expression for this spectral determinant in terms of the standard and refined topological string amplitudes. This conjecture provides a non-perturbative definition of the topological string on these geometries, in which the genus expansion emerges in a suitable 't Hooft limit of the spectral traces of the operators. In contrast to what happens in quantum integrable systems, our quantization scheme leads to a single quantization condition, which is elegantly encoded by the vanishing of a quantum-deformed theta function on the mirror curve. We illustrate our general theory by [. ] CODESIDO SANCHEZ, Santiago, GRASSI, Alba, MARINO BEIRAS, Marcos. Spectral Theory and Mirror Curves of Higher Genus. Annales Henri Poincaré, 2017, vol. 18, no. 2, p. 559-622 DOI : 10.1007/s00023-016-0525-2
How beam hardening influences the dimensional geometry in X-ray computed tomography

Dimensional and geometric measurements acquired using X-ray computed tomography can be affected by many variables. This paper focusses on the path length of the X-rays as they travel th rough an object, which in turn results in varying amounts of beam hardening. The effects of the orientation of the object during imagin g is also studied. Four aluminum holeplates, with dimensions of (48 × 48 × 8) mm are used, one being complex with a series of 4 mm holes and the others with just a single 4 mm hole in different positions. Results indicate that the amount of distortion to the apparent geometry (in the range of 75 μm to 115 μm) is correlated to the path length and therefore the amount of beam harden ing that has occurred as the X-rays are attenuated by the objects.
long-term effects of digital prevention and treatment interventions for cannabis use reduction : A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Frequent Cannabis use has been linked to a variety of negative mental, physical, and social consequences. We assessed the effects of digital prevention and treatment interventions on Cannabis use reduction in comparison with control conditions. Methods: Systematic review with two separate meta-analyses. Thirty randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria for the review, and 21 were included in the meta-analyses. Primary outcome was self-reported Cannabis use at post-treatment and follow-up. Hedges’s g was calculated for all comparisons with non-active control. Risk of bias was examined with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Results: The systematic review included 10 prevention interventions targeting 8138 participants (aged 12 to 20) and 20 treatment interventions targeting 5195 Cannabis users (aged 16 to 40). The meta-analyses showed significantly reduced Cannabis use at post-treatment in the prevention interventions (6 studies, N=2564, g=0.33; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.54, p= 0.001) and in the treatment interventions (17 comparisons, N=3813, g=0.12; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.22, p= 0.02) as compared with controls. The effects of prevention interventions were maintained at follow-ups of up to 12 months (5 comparisons, N=2445, g=0.22; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.33, p < 0.001) but were no longer statistically significant for treatment interventions. Conclusions: Digital prevention and treatment interventions showed small, significant reduction effects on Cannabis use in diverse target populations at post-treatment compared to controls. For prevention interventions, the post-treatment effects were maintained at follow-up up to 12 months later.
Shareholder Recovery and Leverage

According to the absolute priority rule (APR), firm shareholders should recover nothing in default unless creditors are paid in full. However, historically, shareholders have sometimes received a positive payoff in default. In this paper, I develop a dynamic model to estimate shareholder recovery rate and examine its implications. A positive recovery rate makes shareholders more willing to default, which increases borrowing costs. In response, firms lower leverage ex-ante. This channel helps to match distributions of both leverage and default probabilities. Structural estimation reveals a dramatic change over time in the U.S. bankruptcy system: shareholder recovery rate increased from roughly zero to 29% around the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978, and has gradually decreased back to zero. Finally, I show that a positive shareholder recovery rate has a quantitatively large effect on leverage, default probabilities, firm value, and government tax revenue. ∗The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. I am deeply indebted to my dissertation committee: Joao Gomes, Christian Opp, Nikolai Roussanov, Luke Taylor, and Amir Yaron for their insightful comments, guidance, and support. I would like to thank Sylvain Catherine, Sudheer Chava, Mehran Ebrahimian, Lorenzo Garlappi, Marco Grotteria, Kevin Kaiser, David Skeel, Lin Shen, Karin Thorburn, Wei Wang, Jinyuan Zhang, participants at Trans-Atlantic Doctoral Conference 2018, INSEAD-Wharton Doctoral Consortium, and Wharton PhD Finance seminar for their valuable comments. I would also like to thank the Rodney L. White Center for Financial Research and Jacobs Levy Equity Management Center for financial support on this project.
placemat Place wine glass Place cup Place soda can Place spoon Place fork Place knife Place plate Place bowl

This paper presents a novel approach to robot task learning from language-based instructions, which focuses on increasing the complexity of task representations that can be taught through verbal instruction. The major proposed contribution is the development of a framework for directly mapping a complex verbal instruction to an executable task representation, from a single training experience. The method can handle the following types of complexities: 1) instructions that use conjunctions to convey complex execution constraints (such as alternative paths of execution, sequential or nonordering constraints, as well as hierarchical representations) and 2) instructions that use prepositions and multiple adjectives to specify action/object parameters relevant for the task. Specific algorithms have been developed for handling conjunctions, adjectives and prepositions as well as for translating the parsed instructions into parameterized executable task representations. The paper describes validation experiments with a PR2 humanoid robot learning new tasks from verbal instruction, as well as an additional range of utterances that can be parsed into executable controllers by the proposed system.
Measuring the social carrying capacity for gray wolves in Michigan July 2007

We evaluated the efficacy of a conceptual model to assess social carrying capacity (SCC) for the gray wolf (Canis lupus) in its current Upper Peninsula (UP) range in Michigan. We measured 3 points to assess citizen ranges of tolerance: the minimum wolf presence they would tolerate (minimum demand for wolves), the level they prefer and the maximum presence they will tolerate (wildlife acceptance capacity). Mail surveys requested respondents to select from 5 presented scenarios of varying wolf abundance and wolf-human interactions to describe those 3 tolerance levels. Cluster analysis classified respondents into 4 tolerance groups ranging from “intolerant” to “most tolerant”. Ordinal regression found levels of tolerance toward wolves in the UP were strongly related to basic beliefs about the benefits of wolves and moderately related to concerns for negative impacts of wolves. Region of residence and hunting participation also predicted tolerance. Although considerable support for the presence of UP