Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autocrine growth stimulation of the MCF 7 breast cancer cells by the estrogen-regulated 52 K protein.

The growth of MCF 7 human breast cancer cells is stimulated in vitro by estradiol (E2) and we have previously shown that estrogen-regulated glycoproteins released into the culture medium can partly mimic this effect. In this paper, we evaluate the mitogenic activity of the 52 K glycoprotein, which is a major E2-stimulated protein released by MCF 7 cells. The 52 K protein was purified 600-fold by affinity chromatography on Concanavalin A and an anti-52 K monoclonal antibody Sepharose columns. The 99% purified 52 K protein fraction stimulated the growth of estrogen-deprived MCF 7 cells. A mean 1.7-fold increase was obtained with nanomolar concentrations of seven different preparations of 52 K protein. This stimulation represented 40% of the mitogenic effect of E2. Both the 52 K protein and E2 induced microvilli at the cell surface but the effect of the 52 K protein occurred earlier. Other putative growth factors which are also stimulated by E2 and observed by [35S]cysteine labeling did not comigrate with the purified 52 K protein. Finally, the labeled 52 K protein was found to enter MCF 7 cells and to be processed into an immunoreactive 34 K protein. These data indicate that the E2-regulated 52 K glycoprotein is an autocrine mitogen on MCF 7 cells in culture and support the hypothesis that estrogens stimulate the growth of mammary cancer via this (and possibly other) secreted protein(s) acting as autocrine (and paracrine? ) growth factors.
Photophysics of Melatonin in Different Environments

Abstract— Melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) is a naturally occurring hormone with a structural resemblance to tryptophan. Its fluorescence is solvent dependent and strongly quenched in the presence of oxygen. Fluorescence quenching in aqueous and organic solutions have been studied in the presence of different quenchers. A 1: 1 inclusion complex formation between melatonin and different cyclodextrins in aqueous solution has been observed. The effects of microheterogeneous media provided by cyclodextrins, micelles and reverse micelles on the fluorescence characteristics of melatonin have been investigated. The water‐soluble inorganic quenchers like KBr and KI were unable to quench the fluorescence of melatonin dissolved in a microemulsion consisting of surfactant + cyclohexane + 1‐propanol + water, whereas the organic quenchers like CC14 and CHC13 were able to quench the fluorescence with a rate constant (on the order of 108 dm3 mol−1 s−1) quite similar to that in neat organic solvents.
A precursory ULF signature for the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan

ULF emission data at Lunping (epicentral distance, 120 km) have been analysed for the Chi-Chi earthquake (with magnitude 7.6 and depth of 11 km) in Taiwan which occurred on 21 September 1999. Simple intensity analyses have not yielded any significant results but we have found, based on the analysis of polarization (the ratio of vertical magnetic field component Z to the horizontal component G ), that the polarization ( Z / G ) showed a significant enhancement for two months before the earthquake. This kind of temporal evolution of polarization seems to be very similar to previous results, so that it is highly likely that this phenomenon may be associated with the Chi-Chi earthquake. Also, the comparison of the results of polarization analyses, by changing the signal threshold, has given us an approximate intensity of the seismogenic emission of the order of the monthly mean value.
The Economic Impact of Autism in Britain

Little is known about the economic impact of autism. This study estimated the economic consequences of autism in the United Kingdom, based on published evidence and on the reanalysis of data holdings at the Centre for the Economics of Mental Health (CEMH). With an assumed prevalence of 5 per 10,000, the annual societal cost for the UK was estimated to exceed £1 billion. The lifetime cost for a person with autism exceeded £2.4 million. The main costs were for living support and day activities. Family costs account for only 2.3 percent of the total cost, but a lack of relevant information limited our ability to estimate these costs. Minor improvements in life outcome for people with autism could substantially reduce costs over the lifetime.
Phenylarsine oxide augments tyrosine phosphorylation in hematopoietic cells

Abstract: Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are implicated in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. A diverse identification of key regulatory proteins by their content of phosphotyrosine has been hampered by the very low level of tyrosine phosphorylation. This is presumably caused by the relative preponderance of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity in many cells. We report that treatment of hematopoietic cells with phenylarsine oxide (PAO), a membrane‐permeable phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, induced a dramatic accumulation of phosphotyrosine in a number of cellular proteins. No changes in serine or threonine phosphorylation were detected. The PAO‐induced accumulation of phosphotyrosine occurred well before any signs of toxicity or irreversible damage to the cells were seen. Addition of dithiotreitol reversed the effect of PAO. Our data demonstrate that phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity has a major impact on the level of phosphotyrosine in cellular proteins, even in cells with high protein tyrosine kinase activity. Cells with constitutively elevated tyrosine kinase activity are easily detected following treatment with PAO and substrates with an otherwise too low phosphotyrosine content or too rapid phosphate turnover can be studied. This effect of PAO allows determinations of tyrosine phosphorylation‐dependent complex formation between proteins.
Endophthalmitis after vitrectomy and vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification: incidence and visual outcomes

Purpose To study the incidence of endophthalmitis after vitrectomy and after combined vitrectomy and phacoemulsification surgery and to report the results of treatment in such cases. Methods This is a retrospective, noncomparative, interventional study based at a tertiary ophthalmology center in Kuwait. Cases of vitrectomy only and combined vitrectomy with phacoemulsification surgery performed during the period from January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2007, were included. Patients undergoing vitrectomy for traumatic etiologies and endophthalmitis were excluded. Patients who developed endophthalmitis after vitrectomy were identified and their records were analyzed. Results Six patients developed endophthalmitis among 2965 cases of all vitrectomy procedures, resulting in an incidence of 0.20%. The incidence of endophthalmitis was 0.12% for cases undergoing vitrectomy (3 out of 2564 cases) and 0.75% for cases undergoing combined vitrectomy and phacoemulsification surgery (3 out of 401 cases), respectively. Three cases were culture positive. Four cases ended up with final visual acuity of perception of hand movements or worse. Conclusions Incidence of endophthalmitis in our series was higher than in other studies. The visual results were poor in 4 out of 6 cases. Earlier diagnosis and more aggressive approach may be needed to improve the results of treatment in these cases.
Retiring Cold Turkey

This paper documents “sharp retirement”—retirement accompanied by a discontinuous decline in labor supply—across three data sets, which previous literature found difficult to explain. I propose and estimate a life-cycle labor supply model with habit persistence wherein sharp retirement can be explained by workers quitting “cold turkey. ” In much the same way that one might quit smoking, workers with accumulated “working habit” exit the labor force with a pronounced, discontinuous decline in labor supply. The working habit model is consistent with the data, where workers reduce yearly labor supply by scaling back more in hours worked per week (over 50% reduction) than in weeks worked per year (20% reduction). The fixed costs approach, which has been the standard model used to understand sharp retirement, cannot explain these trends. After estimating the model, counterfactuals show that reducing Social Security benefits by 20% causes individuals work an additional 8.6 months. Individuals choosing sharp retirement respond mostly on the extensive margin by delaying retirement eight months, while individuals choosing smooth retirement respond mostly on the intensive margin by increasing yearly labor supply and delaying retirement only one month.
Deletion of the distal COOH‐terminus of the A2B adenosine receptor switches internalization to an arrestin‐ and clathrin‐independent pathway and inhibits recycling

Background and purpose: We have investigated the effect of deletions of a postsynaptic density, disc large and zo‐1 protein (PDZ) motif at the end of the COOH‐terminus of the rat A2B adenosine receptor on intracellular trafficking following long‐term exposure to the agonist 5′‐(N‐ethylcarboxamido)‐adenosine.
Measuring the Level and Inequality of Wealth: An Application to China

We construct and compare three distinct measures of household asset wealth that complement traditional income- or expenditure-based measures of socioeconomic status. We apply these measures to longitudinal household survey data from China and demonstrate that household asset wealth has been increasing over time, a theme consistent with many previous studies on the process of development in China. Unlike other studies that have shown rising income inequality over time, however, we show that asset wealth inequality has actually been declining in recent years, indicating widespread participation in the benefits of economic reforms. Furthermore, the evolution in the cumulative distribution of household welfare is such that social welfare has been increasing with the passage of time, despite rising inequality in the early years of the survey.
Where Should a New IS Researcher Start?

This paper uses the principles of disciplinarity to answer questions posed by many authors on the legitimacy of the IS discipline. Using these answers, the paper uncovers which areas a new IS researcher should focus on and provides a teleological basis for advancement of the IS discipline. The paper also draws from Heidegger’s and Jonas’s philosophy of technology to arrive at an operational ideology for IS – the imperative of responsibility. This philosophy offers many benefits that will free the IS discipline to find its unifying paradigm.
Actions of cocaine on rat nucleus accumbens neurones in vitro

1 Intracellular recordings were made from 103 neurones of the rat nucleus accumbens in vitro. 2 Dopamine (3–100 μm; in sulpiride, 1 μm) hyperpolarized neurones (79%) by acting at D1 receptors: dopamine (3–100 μm; in SCH23390, 1 μm) depolarized neurones (55%) by acting at D2 receptors. 5‐Hydroxytryptamine (1–100 μm) depolarized 86% neurones. 3 Both actions of dopamine as well as the effect of 5‐hydroxytryptamine were potentiated by cocaine (0.3–30 μm), which had no effect of its own on membrane potential. 4 Dose‐ratio was computed as [(concentration of agonist causing a 4 mV potential change in cocaine)/(concentration of agonist causing a 4 mV potential change without cocaine)]. Cocaine (1–30 μm) caused the same dose‐ratio whether dopamine depolarizations (D2) or hyperpolarizations (D1) were measured; the dose‐ratio ranged from 2 (1 μm) to 50 (30 μm). 5 Responses to 5‐hydroxytryptamine were increased more than responses to dopamine; cocaine 1 μm gave a dose‐ratio of 13.4 and at 30 μm gave a dose‐ratio of 118. 6 It is concluded that cocaine acts to inhibit the uptake of dopamine and 5‐hydroxytryptamine in slices of rat nucleus accumbens; lower concentrations of cocaine (0.3 to 1 μm) are particularly effective in potentiating the action of 5‐hydroxytryptamine.
[Internal limiting membrane staining using intravitreal brilliant blue G: good help for vitreo-retinal surgeon in training].

La membrana limitante interna (MLI) es la capa más interna de la retina. La eliminación de la misma se ha mostrado efectiva en el tratamiento de patologías como el agujero macular y membrana epirretiniana. Es evidente que la eliminación de la misma sin tinción dificulta su extracción debido a la escasa visibilidad de la misma. Ante las dudas razonables que existen sobre la toxicidad de la tinción con verde indocianina (1), donde cada vez más se está recomendando su uso a bajas concentraciones (0,05-0,125%) y pequeños volúmenes (menos de 0,1 cc) durante tiempos de exposición cortos (menos de 30 segundos), se están utilizando otros colorantes como alternativa, entre ellos el Azul Brillante G (Brillant Blue G) (2,3). Conseguimos el Brilliant Blue-G (BBG) de Sigma Aldrich (www.sigma-aldrich.com) en frascos de 25 grs en polvo. El Servicio de Farmacia prepara alícuotas de 25 mgr de BBG en polvo. En el momento de la cirugía diluimos esta pequeña cantidad en 50 ml de suero fisiológico hasta conseguir una concentración de 0,50 mg/ml. Introducimos 0,5 ml de BBG en el ojo, con la vía de infusión cerrada, dejando que pase a través de un filtro de milipore de 0,22 μm para esterilizarlo. Una vez entra en contacto con la MLI, la tiñe en menos de 5 segundos, procediendo al lavado del mismo en un tiempo no superior a 15 segundos. La visualización de la MLI es óptima, se ha conseguido el cierre anatómico en los casos realizados (n.o= 6) (fig. 1) y el lectrorretinograma realizado no ha mostrado signos de deterioro funcional en ninguno de ellos (fig. 2). CARTA AL DIRECTOR ARCH SOC ESP OFTALMOL 2007; 82: 71-72
Generation of Nutrients and Detoxification: Possible Roles of Yeasts in Leaf-Cutting Ant Nests

The possible roles played by yeasts in attine ant nests are mostly unknown. Here we present our investigations on the plant polysaccharide degradation profile of 82 yeasts isolated from fungus gardens of Atta and Acromyrmex species to demonstrate that yeasts found in ant nests may play the role of making nutrients readily available throughout the garden and detoxification of compounds that may be deleterious to the ants and their fungal cultivar. Among the yeasts screened, 65% exhibited cellulolytic enzymes, 44% exhibited pectinolytic activity while 27% and 17% possess enzyme systems for the degradation of protease and amylase, respectively. Galacturonic acid, which had been reported in previous work to be poorly assimilated by the ant fungus and also to have a negative effect on ants’ survival, was assimilated by 64% and 79% of yeasts isolated from nests of A. texana and Acromyrmex respectively. Our results suggest that yeasts found in ant nests may participate in generation of nutrients and removal of potentially toxic compounds, thereby contributing to the stability of the complex microbiota found in the leaf-cutting ant nests.
A novel foraging mode in snakes: browsing by the sea snake Emydocephalus annulatus (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae)

Summary 1 Ecologists often ascribe considerable importance to traits that are widespread within a specific lineage but rarely seen in other kinds of organisms. Unfortunately, such hypotheses cannot be tested robustly unless there is variation in expression of the trait within that lineage; such ‘exceptions to the rule’ provide opportunities to falsify predictions about putative functional correlates of the focal trait. 2 Research on snake foraging has emphasized species that feed infrequently and take large prey, often from ambush positions, but these characteristics do not apply to all snakes. 3 Movement patterns and feeding rates of free-ranging Turtle-Headed Sea Snakes Emydocephalus annulatus (Krefft 1869) were quantified in coral reefs of New Caledonia. These snakes forage by moving slowly (<2 m min−1) but consistently across the substrate as they investigate crevices and burrows for fish nests. The snakes feed frequently (sometimes, several times per hour) on large numbers of very small (1 × 0·5 mm2) eggs. Snakes weighed more than one hundred thousand times as much as the prey items (eggs) they consumed, in contrast to high relative prey masses often reported for other snake species. 4 Field experiments in which snakes were exposed to a variety of stimuli indicate that these animals locate their prey by scent rather than visual cues. 5 The foraging mode of Emydocephalus (slow continuous movement, with frequent ingestion of small, immobile, defenceless food items) is more similar to that of herbivorous browsing mammals than to that of most macrostomate snakes. 6 In support of published hypotheses, Emydocephalus differ from most other snakes in traits predicted to be functionally associated with ingestion of large prey.
Successful ABO‐Incompatible Kidney Transplantation with Antibody Removal and Standard Immunosuppression

ABO‐incompatible (ABOi) kidney transplantation is an established therapy, though its implementation to date has been in part limited by the requirement for additional immunosuppression. Here, we describe the outcomes of 37 patients undergoing ABOi kidney transplantation utilizing perioperative antibody depletion and receiving an identical tacrolimus‐based immunosuppressive regimen to contemporaneous ABO‐compatible (ABOc) recipients, with the exception that mycophenolate was commenced earlier (7–14 days pretransplant). Antibody depletion was scheduled according to baseline anti‐ABO antibody titer (tube IAT method: median 1:128, range 1:8 to 1:4096). Patient and graft survival for the 37 ABOi recipients was 100% after a median 26 months (interquartile range [IQR] 18–32). Eight rejection episodes (two antibody‐mediated and six cellular) in ABOi recipients were successfully treated with biopsy‐proven resolution. Latest median eGFR is 50 mL/min × 1.73 m2 (IQR 40–64) for ABOi patients and 54 mL/min × 1.73 m2 (IQR 44–66) in the ABOc patients (p = 0.25). We conclude that ABOi transplantation can be performed successfully with perioperative antibody removal and conventional immunosuppression. This suggests that access to ABOi transplantation can include a broader range of end‐stage kidney disease patients.
A Neuro-Experimental Evidence for the Motor Theory of Speech Perception

The somatotopic activation in the sensorimotor cortex during speech comprehension has been redundantly documented and largely explained by the notion of embodied semantics, which suggests that processing auditory words referring to body movements recruits the same somatotopic regions for that action execution. For this issue, the motor theory of speech perception provided another explanation, suggesting that the perception of speech sounds produced by a specific articulator movement may recruit the motor representation of that articulator in the precentral gyrus. To examine the latter theory, we used a set of Chinese synonyms with different articulatory features, involving lip gestures (LipR) or not (LipN), and recorded the electroencephalographic (EEG) signals while subjects passively listened to them. It was found that at about 200 ms post-onset, the event-related potential of LipR and LipN showed a significant polarity reversal near the precentral lip motor areas. EEG source reconstruction results also showed more obvious somatotopic activation in the lip region for the LipR than the LipN. Our results provide a positive support for the effect of articulatory simulation on speech comprehension and basically agree with the motor theory of speech perception.
Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant outer surface protein A Lyme vaccine.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant outer surface lipoprotein A (OspA) Lyme vaccine in healthy adults. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING Clinical research unit of a medical center. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-six healthy adult volunteers aged 18 through 65 years. INTERVENTIONS Volunteers were randomly assigned to receive two 10-micrograms doses of OspA Lyme vaccine, OspA Lyme vaccine adsorbed to alum, or a buffer placebo. Subjects in the OspA Lyme vaccine group received a third dose. Patients were assessed after each vaccination for a total follow-up period of 1 year. Serum samples for antibody determination were drawn at baseline, 2 and 3 weeks after dose 1, once per week for 4 weeks after dose 2, 20 weeks after dose 2, and 1 month after dose 3. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Local and systemic adverse reactions and antibody levels specific for OspA. RESULTS The most common reactions were local pain and tenderness at the injection site. Adverse events did not increase following the second or third dose. Two doses of both vaccine formulations elicited high-titer antibodies that inhibited replication of Borrelia burgdorferi in vitro. No differences were noted in antibody levels elicited by the adsorbed and nonadsorbed formulations. CONCLUSION Two or three doses of OspA Lyme vaccine are safe and immunogenic in adults.
Sociodemographic risk factors associated with low birthweight in United Arab Emirates

Summary This case-control study was undertaken to determine socio-demographic risk factors for low birth weight in Al-Ain (United Arab Emirates) over a 12-month period in 1992–93. A total of 3485 live births occurred of which 293 (8·4%) were low birth weight. The risk factors considered were mother's occupation, house conditions, place of residence (urban or rural), maternal smoking habits, antenatal care, availability of help in the home, maternal BMI and educational status. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that mother's occupation, maternal smoking, antenatal care, and lack of help in the home were associated with increased risk of low birth weight.
Organizing objects by predicting user preferences through collaborative filtering

As service robots become more and more capable of performing useful tasks for us, there is a growing need to teach robots how we expect them to carry out these tasks. However, different users typically have their own preferences, for example with respect to arranging objects on different shelves. As many of these preferences depend on a variety of factors including personal taste, cultural background, or common sense, it is challenging for an expert to pre-program a robot in order to accommodate all potential users. At the same time, it is impractical for robots to constantly query users about how they should perform individual tasks. In this work, we present an approach to learn patterns in user preferences for the task of tidying up objects in containers, e.g. shelves or boxes. Our method builds upon the paradigm of collaborative filtering for making personalized recommendations and relies on data from different users which we gather using crowdsourcing. To deal with novel objects for which we have no data, we propose a method that compliments standard collaborative filtering by leveraging information mined from the Web. When solving a tidy-up task, we first predict pairwise object preferences of the user. Then, we subdivide the objects in containers by modeling a spectral clustering problem. Our solution is easy to update, does not require complex modeling, and improves with the amount of user data. We evaluate our approach using crowdsourcing data from over 1200 users and demonstrate its effectiveness for two tidy-up scenarios. Additionally, we show that a real robot can reliably predict user preferences using our approach.
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