Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of α- Linolenic Acid (ALA) in Meat Animals

A key function of ALA (C18:3 n-3) is as substrate for the synthesis of longer-chain omega 3 fatty acid found in fish EPA (C20:5 n-3) and DHA (C22:6 n-3) which play an important role in the regulation of inflammatory immune reactions and blood pressure, brain development, cognitive function, etc. (Sirot et al., 2008). The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends to increase the consumption of n-3 fatty acids and to reach a low omega 6/omega 3 ratio for reach a healthy status (Russo, 2009). Fat is an important component of the human diet, but current levels of intake are considered too high and the overall fatty acid composition imbalanced. There is an excessive intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) relative to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), expressed usually as the P/S ratio, and the consumption of n-6 PUFA is too high relative to n-3 PUFA. The ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA is a risk factor in cancers and coronary heart disease, especially the formation of blood clots leading to a heart attack. More recently, nutritionists have focused on the type of PUFA and the balance in the diet between n-3 PUFA formed from C18:3 n-3 and the n-6 PUFA from C18:2 n-6 (Willians, 2001) ALA and LNA (C18:2 n-6) serve as the precursor molecules from which the rest of fatty acids belonging to the n-3 and n-6 fatty acid family can be synthesized through a series of elongation and desaturation reactions. All the reactions are catalyzed by an enzymatic system consisting in fatty acyl-CoA synthetases Δ-6 and Δ-5 desaturases and respective elongases. These two fatty acid families not only share these enzymes, but they also compete for the same enzymes (Brenner, 1989). There are two basic metabolic fates for ALA. First it is subjected to ┚-oxidation and extensive carbon recycling. Second, it is converted into longer fatty acids via elongation and desaturation. The predominant fate of ALA is catabolism (Demar et al. 2005) and carbon recycling to acetate (Cunnane et al., 1997, 2003). In rodents, only 16% of an ALA dose is found in rat tissues, mainly adipose, and 6% was elongated /desaturated (Kaduce et al., 2008). Increasing the ALA content of the maternal diet of sucking rats led to increased of ALA, EPA and DPA (C22:5 n-3) in the whole body, skin epididymal fat pads and but there was no effect on the DHA content of these tissues nor on the brain or muscles (Bordoni et
Cohort-specific Winter Growth Rates of YOY Bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, in Northeast Florida Estuaries: Implications for Recruitment

Age and growth were determined from otoliths for 181 juvenile bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix ), collected using a variety of gear in northeast Florida during 2003 and 2005. Three distinct cohorts were identified recruiting to the near shore waters during spring, summer and autumn. Growth rates were high regardless of cohort or season. To compare pre- and post-recruitment growth rates, models were fit to individual growth trajectories using change point analysis. Post-estuarine growth rates were generally higher. Growth rates and hatching times were within the range of those obtained in other bluefish studies conducted at higher latitudes. As this is the only area where winter recruitment of bluefish has been observed, coastal Florida habitats may be essential for the bluefish stock and will need to be carefully monitored in future studies.
The ecology of cooperative learning in a high school physical education Pprogramme

The purpose of this study was to describe and interpret the ecology of cooperative learning as an instructional model in two high school physical education classes. One eighth grade (year 9) and one eleventh grade (year 12) class and their teacher were observed during a ten-lesson team handball unit. The following research questions framed the study (a) What were the curricular and organizational characteristics of the handball units? (b) How was the content organized and presented through the instructional tasks? and (c) What were the students' motor responses during the physical education content? A modified version of the task structure observational instrument was used to systematically observe 20 physical education classes (Siedentop, 1994). The ecological analysis demonstrated that both classes had low management time, high engagement time, and a large number of refinements tasks. Students in both classes performed a high number of opportunities to respond in both practice and game situations. Much of the accountability for student performance in managerial and instructional tasks was embedded within the cooperative learning tasks. In addition, the student social system contributed to work in the managerial and instructional task system. Cognitive tasks, which appeared in every lesson, contributed to the students’ understanding of the content and contributed to their selection and implementation of appropriate skills and strategies in the games. Cooperative Learning appears to be a viable instructional model for teaching quality high school physical education.
Comorbidity ADHD and RD Comorbidity between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and reading disabilities : Implications for assessment and treatment

Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading disorder (RD) is greater than what would occur by chance. Considering the well-documented adverse impact of both ADHD and RD on development, the presence of both conditions may lead to particularly poor outcomes for affected people. This chapter, which reviews 43 research studies carried out in the last decade that have focused on the link between ADHD and RD, is divided into two broad nuclei of contents. First, studies are described that contribute information about characteristics of the comorbid phenotype. Second, studies related to procedures directed toward evaluation and intervention in this problem are analyzed. The review carried out does not make it possible to extract definitive results on the exact nature of ADHD and RD comorbidity or, even less, reach conclusions about its causes. However, the literature-based evidence shows a cognitive profile of ADHD+RD characterized by failure of various functions that can produce more severe functional deficits and worse neuropsychological, academic, and behavioral outcomes. Furthermore, the analysis of the set of results from the studies shows a limited efficacy of pharmacological and psychopedagogical treatments, and highlights the need for continued research on this topic. From a clinical and educational standpoint, the conclusions derived from this review underline the importance of performing an exhaustive evaluation of children and adolescents with symptoms of ADHD and/or RD, in order to be able to plan interventions with greater possibilities of success in each case.
Growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.) in response to different moisture conservation and integrated nutrient management practices under rainfed condition

A study was carried out to investigate the effect of moisture conservation practices and integrated nutrient management of growth and yield on maize (Zea mays L.) during pre kharif seasons of 2013 and 2014 at the Instructional Farm of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, West Bengal. The result showed that the moisture conservation practices revealed that, the highest plant height (215.7 & 219.6 cm at harvest), leaf area index (LAI) (4.39 & 4.42 at 75 days after sowing), dry matter accumulation (DMA) (1198.1 & 1207.6 g m-2 at harvest), crop growth rate (CGR) (19.60 & 20.74 g. g m2 at 61-75 days after sowing), grain yield (4014 & 4694 kg/ha), stover yield (11942 & 12184 kg/ha), harvest index (25.07 & 27.81%), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake (87.27 & 92.65, 52.72 & 55.91 and 102.03 & 106.23 kg/ha) and yield attributing characters was recorded under irrigation (M1) as compared to other treatments. Among the integrated nutrient management, the highest plant height (215.5 & 218.1cm at harvest), LAI (4.25 & 4.27 at 75 days after sowing), DMA (1162.2 & 1171.3 g m-2 at harvest), CGR (19.15 & 19.85 g. g m-2 at 61-75 days after sowing), grain yield (3907 & 4502 kg/ha), stover yield (11518 & 11705 kg/ha), harvest index (25.03 & 27.54%) and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake (88.78 & 91.82, 49.52 & 53.45 and 97.33 & 101.38 kg/ha) was recorded under 75% RDF + PSB + Azotobacter + vermicompost @ 5.0 t/ha (N3) as compared to other treatments. It may be concluded that maize grown with irrigation and supplied with 75% RDF + PSB + Azotobacter + vermicompost @ 5.0 t/ha (N3) is best for obtaining overall gain on a sustainable basis.
Competition between domestic livestock and wild bharal Pseudois nayaur in the Indian Trans-Himalaya

1. The issue of competition between livestock and wild herbivores has remained contentious. We studied the diets and population structures of the mountain ungulate bharal Pseudois nayaur and seven species of livestock to evaluate whether or not they compete for forage. The study was conducted in the high altitude Spiti Valley, Indian Trans-Himalaya. 2. We compared resource (forage) availability and bharal population structures between rangelands differing in livestock density. Forage availability was estimated by clipping the standing graminoid biomass in sample plots. Livestock and bharal population structures were quantified through annual censuses. Seasonal diets of livestock were studied by direct observations, while those of bharal were quantified through feeding signs on vegetation. 3. We found that livestock grazing causes a significant reduction in the standing crop of forage. Graminoid availability per unit livestock biomass was three times greater in a moderately grazed rangeland compared with an intensively grazed one. 4. There was considerable diet overlap among the herbivore species. In summer, bharal, yak Bos grunniens, horse Equus caballus, cow Bos indicus, and dzomo (yak-cow hybrids) fed predominantly on graminoids, while donkey E. asinus, sheep Ovis aries, and goat Capra hircus, consumed both graminoids and herbs. The summer diet of bharal was a subset of the diets of three livestock species. In winter, depleted graminoid availability caused bharal, yak and horse to consume relatively more herbs, while the remaining livestock species fed predominantly on graminoids. Diet overlap was less in winter but, in both seasons, all important forage species in the bharal diet were consumed in substantial amounts by one or more species of livestock. 5. Comparison of the population structures of bharal between two rangelands differing in livestock density by c. 30% yielded evidence of resource competition. In the intensively grazed rangeland, bharal density was 63% lower, and bharal population showed poorer performance (lower young : adult female ratios). 6. Synthesis and applications. High diet overlap between livestock and bharal, together with density-dependent forage limitation, results in resource competition and a decline in bharal density. Under the present conditions of high livestock density and supplemental feeding, restricting livestock numbers and creating livestock-free areas are necessary measures for conserving Trans-Himalayan wild herbivores. Mediating competitive effects on bharal through supplemental feeding is not a feasible option.
Optimization of Burr size, Surface Roughness and Circularity Deviation during Drilling of Al 6061 using Taguchi Design Method and Artificial Neural Network

This paper presents the influence of cutting parameters like cutting speed, feed rate, drill diameter, point angle and clearance angle on the burr size, surface roughness and circularity deviation of Al 6061 during drilling on CNC vertical machining center. A plan of experiments based on Taguchi technique has been used to acquire the data. An orthogonal array, signal to noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to investigate machining characteristics of Al 6061 using HSS twist drill bits of variable tool geometry and maintain constant helix angle of 45 degrees. Confirmation tests have been carried out to predict the optimal setting of process parameters to validate the used approach, obtained the values of 0.2618mm, 0.1821mm, 3. 7451µm, 0.0676mm for burr height, burr thickness, surface roughness and circularity deviation respectively. Finally, artificial neural network has been applied to compare the predicted values with the experimental values, good agreement was shown between the predictive model results and the experimental measurements. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE
Influence of the vapor wall loss on the degradation rate constants in chamber experiments of levoglucosan and other biomass burning markers

Abstract. Vapor wall loss has only recently been shown a potentially significant bias in atmospheric chamber studies. Yet, previous works aiming at the determination of the degradation rate of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) often did not account for this process. Here, we evaluate the influence of vapor wall loss on the determination of the gas-phase reaction rate kOH of several biomass burning markers (levoglucosan, mannosan, coniferyl aldehyde, 3-guaiacyl propanol, and acetosyringone) with hydroxyl radicals (OH). Emissions from the combustion of beech wood were injected into a 5.5 m3 Teflon atmospheric chamber, and aged for 4 h (equivalent to 5–8 h in the atmosphere). The particle-phase compound concentrations were monitored using a thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (TAG-AMS). The observed depletion of the concentration was later modeled using two different approaches: the previously published approach which does not take into consideration partitioning and vapor wall loss, and an approach with a more complex theoretical framework which integrates all the processes likely influencing the particle-phase concentration. We find that with the first approach one fails to predict the measured markers' concentration time evolution. With the second approach, we determine that partitioning and vapor wall loss play a predominant role in the particle-phase concentration depletion of all the compounds, while the reactivity with OH has a non-significative effect. Furthermore, we show that kOH cannot be determined precisely without a strong constraint of the whole set of physical parameters necessary to formally describe the various processes involved. It was found that the knowledge of the saturation mass concentration C* is especially crucial. Therefore, previously published rate constants of levoglucosan and more generally SVOCs with hydroxyl radicals inferred from atmospheric chamber experiments must be, at least, considered with caution.
Benefits and barriers of clown care: A qualitative phenomenographical study of parents with children in clown care services

Clowning is a form of humour. It is an art form that invites play, interaction, and laughter. Clown Care is a programme in hospitals and medical centres involving visits from specially trained hospital clowns. The aim of this paper is to describe the benefits and barriers associated with the clown care programme. A qualitative phenomenographical study was performed using a semi-structured in-depth interview of twelve parents with children receiving clown care in various hospital wards in a Finnish University Hospital for children. Clown care creates a positive emotional state, promotes interaction between parents and child, and fosters affirmative environmental conditions. Barriers include psychological and emotional state, severity of medical condition, developmental level, and timing and context. The findings suggest that clown care integration in the care for family and child is useful in the promotion of emotional and psychosocial well-being.
Understanding Translation as a Site of Language Contact: The Potential of the Code-Copying Framework as a Descriptive Mechanism in Translation Studies

This paper begins by acknowledging translation as an important site of language contact and its primary aim is to reinterpret a theoretical framework from the field of language contact, namely Johanson�s Code-Copying Framework (1993, 1999, 2002a), with translation in mind. The framework is then systematically applied to empirical data and a corpus-based study is conducted, using the translation of popular science articles from English into Greek as a case in point, and in particular examining any change in the frequency of passive voice reporting verbs. The discussion and corpus analysis suggest that the Code-Copying Framework offers a new vantage point for understanding translation as facilitating linguistic development in the target language, and that translation studies can benefit from adopting it as a descriptive mechanism when comparing instances of contact through translation across languages
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-EFFICACY, SELF-REGULATED LEARNING STRATEGIES AND ACHIEVEMENT: A PATH MODEL

This structural equation modeling study aimed to investigate both direct and indirect relationships among self-efficacy for learning and performance, cognitive self-regulated learning strategies (CSR), metacognitive self-regulated learning strategies (MSR), time and study environmental management strategies (TSEM), effort regulation strategies and biology achievement of Turkish high schools students. Results of a path analysis showed that students who have high self-efficacy, MSR, TSEM and organizational strategies to complete a task in the face of difficulties can become successful in biology. Also, the findings were found that higher levels of self-efficacy directly associated with CSR, MSR, TSEM and effort regulation strategies. Moreover, mediator analyses explained several mediator effects between these variables that are discussed with the importance of motivational and learning strategies in achievement. Key words: biology achievement, resource management strategies, self-efficacy, self-regulated learning strategies.
DOES PUBLIC R&D CROWD OUT PRIVATE R&D? A NOTE FROM TAIWAN, ROC

This paper tests the cointegration and causal relationship between aggregate public R&D and private R&D for Taiwan for the period 1979-2007 using a newly developed cointegration test proposed by Pesaran et al. (2001) and using a modified version of the Granger causality test due to Toda and Yamamoto (1995). The paper finds a long run cointegrating relationship between public and private R&D and a bi-directional causality where they complement each other. The Government of the ROC should continue to invest not only to stimulate private R&D but also to enable the country to compete more globally in technology-intensive products.
Manifested Attitudes: Intricacies of Inter-Partner Learning in Collaboration

This article is concerned with attitudes to learning in inter-organizational collaboration. Basic attitudes to learning evident in extant research -"selfish", "sharing" and "sidelined"- are compared with those observed through research-oriented action research. A conceptualization based on a characterization of the attitudes observed in the research situations is produced. It models attitudes to learning in collaboration as bundles of varied stances relating to taking and giving knowledge from or to a partner, or excluding learning from the agenda altogether. The observations suggest that actual attitudes - which are evident at individual, community or organizational level - are much more varied than the basic attitudes and that they often include elements of all three -"sidelined", "selfish "and "sharing"- motivations. The model acknowledges differences in perceptions of attitudes, differences of attitudes within partner organizations as well as between them, and differences in partners' attitudes to each other over time. Copyright (c) Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007.
Speed, Coordination and Individualistic Behaviors: A Pilot NK Modeling Study to Investigate the Moderating Effects of Organizational Structure on Performance in Individual Firms

A central concern within the field of organizational design is the study of the relationship between structure, innovation and performance. The basic understanding is that decentralized structures appear best suited to promoting innovation and change. Yet this comes at the cost of efficiency. Conversely, organizations that centralize power in the hands of a few appear well-suited functionally to achieving high levels of efficiency, but at the cost of generating inertia. Taking both forms as polar types at the opposite ends of a continuum, the managerial question of how much of each form is necessary to create a good configuration to perform satisfactorily in the long term remains unknown. In this pilot study, we attempt to answer this question by using an NK model. Our results show that exploration is facilitated by higher levels of decentralization, where a structure that combines centralization and decentralization features delivers the highest long-term performance. We also find that complex organizational forms achieve low performance. This suggests that problems with coordination are costly to manage. Assumptions of game-theory are introduced to quantify the risks of decentralization.
Multiple Emplacement and Exhumation History of the Late Mesozoic Dayunshan‐Mufushan Batholith in Southeast China and Its Tectonic Significance: 2. Magnetic Fabrics and Gravity Survey

The Late Mesozoic magmatic province is a prominent feature of the South China Block (SCB). However, the tectonic regimes associated with the magmatism are still elusive. A combined anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and gravity study has been carried out to determine the fabric patterns and shape at depth of the Dayunshan‐Mufushan composite batholith in the north‐central SCB. This is a companion paper to Part 1 that presented the structural and geochronological data of this batholith. The magnetic fabrics in the batholith interior predominantly reflect magma flow structures. Two distinct patterns of the magnetic lineations are defined, around NNE‐SSW and WNW‐ESE trends for the early‐stage and late‐stage intrusions of the batholith, respectively. The gravity survey reveals that the early‐stage intrusion has a main feeder zone located below its northern part, while several linear feeder zones trending NNE‐SSW are inferred for the late‐stage intrusion. Integrating all results, a two‐stage construction of the batholith with distinct tectonic regimes has been established. It is concluded that the early‐stage intrusion experienced a southward magma transport during its emplacement, partially assisted by far‐field compression from the north at ca. 150 Ma. Conversely, the emplacement and exhumation of the late‐stage intrusion was accommodated by a NW‐SE crustal stretching involving a lateral magma expansion above the multiple feeder zones (likely corresponding to extensional fractures) and ductile shearing during 132–95 Ma localized mainly along the Dayunshan detachment fault. Finally, we discuss the geodynamic linkage between the paleo‐Pacific subduction and the Late Mesozoic tectonomagmatism in the SCB.