Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship between prisoners' educational motives and previous incarceration, sentence length, and sentence served

The aim of this study was to examine Norwegian prisoners’ educational motives, and how previous incarceration, sentence length, and sentence served influence such motives. Three motive categories emerged: future planning (Factor 1), social reasons and escapism (Factor 2), and competence building (Factor 3). Among prisoners who participated in education, longer sentence predicted high score on both Factor 1 and Factor 3. Also, with the greater proportion of sentence served, participants scored higher on Factor 3. Among non-participants, longer sentence predicted high score on Factor 3. Previous incarceration was not significantly related to the educational motives for either of the two groups.
The regional economic impacts of mining the case of northern Sweden

The commodity boom during recent years has increased mineral prospecting activities considerably, not the least in Sweden. Several new mining projects are in the planning-stage, particularly in the northern parts where communities have been struggling with relatively high unemployment and declining populations during the last decades. New mining projects are therefore greeted with open arms by many of these communities, since such projects can offer plenty of employment opportunities and relatively attractive wages. It is crucial that local planners understand what effects the mining projects will generate to properly prepare themselves and their communities, but predicting the future is no easy task. Nevertheless, in the paper at hand we use a regional economicand demographic model of the Swedish economy to estimate the potential socio-economic impacts of two new iron ore mines in Pajala, a small municipality in the northern-most parts of Sweden, where unemployment and demographic decline have been particularly troublesome. Our analysis considers the potential for mining to contribute to local employment, incomes and not the least demographic growth.
VIRULENCE OF THREE SPECIES OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES TO THE CHESTNUT WEEVIL, CURCULIO ELEPHAS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

Indigenous entomopathogenic nematodes were evaluated in laboratory soil cup experiments as candidates for management of the chestnut weevil, Curculio elephas (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the most severe insect pest of chestnut in Turkey. Three entomopathogenic nematode species, Steinernema carpocapsae (Anamur strain), S. feltiae (Tur-S3 strain), and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Tur-H1 and Tur-H2 strains) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) were bioassayed against last-instar weevils at different temperatures (10, 15, and 25°C) and nematode concentrations (0, 100, 500, and 1000). The steinernematid species were unable to cause lethal weevil infections at 10°C whereas the heterorhabditid strains still induced 21-22% host mortality. The Tur-H2 strain of H. bacteriophora was the most virulent nematode at all temperatures tested, most notably killing 96.5% of weevil larvae at 25°C. LC[sub5][sub0] values for the Tur-H2 and Tur-H1 strains of H. bacteriophora at 15°C, the most probable field application temperature, were 266 and 494 infective juveniles, respectively.
STELLAR POPULATIONS IN COMPACT GALAXY GROUPS: A MULTI-WAVELENGTH STUDY OF HCGs 16, 22, AND 42, THEIR STAR CLUSTERS, AND DWARF GALAXIES

We present a multi-wavelength analysis of three compact galaxy groups, Hickson compact groups (HCGs) 16, 22, and 42, which describe a sequence in terms of gas richness, from space- (Swift, Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and Spitzer) and ground-based (Las Campanas Observatory and Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory) imaging and spectroscopy. We study various signs of past interactions including a faint, dusty tidal feature about HCG 16A, which we tentatively age-date at <1 Gyr. This represents the possible detection of a tidal feature at the end of its phase of optical observability. Our HST images also resolve what were thought to be double nuclei in HCG 16C and D into multiple, distinct sources, likely to be star clusters. Beyond our phenomenological treatment, we focus primarily on contrasting the stellar populations across these three groups. The star clusters show a remarkable intermediate-age population in HCG 22, and identify the time at which star formation was quenched in HCG 42. We also search for dwarf galaxies at accordant redshifts. The inclusion of 33 members and 27 “associates” (possible members) radically changes group dynamical masses, which in turn may affect previous evolutionary classifications. The extended membership paints a picture of relative isolation in HCGs 16 and 22, but shows HCG 42 to be part of a larger structure, following a dichotomy expected from recent studies. We conclude that (1) star cluster populations provide an excellent metric of evolutionary state, as they can age-date the past epochs of star formation; and (2) the extended dwarf galaxy population must be considered in assessing the dynamical state of a compact group.
ON IMPROVING ANALYTICAL MODELS OF COSMIC REIONIZATION FOR MATCHING NUMERICAL SIMULATION

The methods for studying the epoch of cosmic reionization vary from full radiative transfer simulations to purely analytical models. While numerical approaches are computationally expensive and are not suitable for generating many mock catalogs, analytical methods are based on assumptions and approximations. We explore the interconnection between both methods. First, we ask how the analytical framework of excursion set formalism can be used for statistical analysis of numerical simulations and visual representation of the morphology of ionization fronts. Second, we explore the methods of training the analytical model on a given numerical simulation. We present a new code which emerged from this study. Its main application is to match the analytical model with a numerical simulation. Then, it allows one to generate mock reionization catalogs with volumes exceeding the original simulation quickly and computationally inexpensively, meanwhile reproducing large-scale statistical properties. These mock catalogs are particularly useful for cosmic microwave background polarization and 21 cm experiments, where large volumes are required to simulate the observed signal.
Cointegration Analysis of the Fed Model

The Fed model postulates that the equity earnings yield follows the bond yield in the long run. Our tests based on a cointegration analysis of the United States, United Kingdom and German data indicate that the Fed model has predictive power in forecasting changes in the equity prices, earnings and bond yields. The predictions are better in the US than in other countries. Our approach consists of building a Vector Equilibrium Correction model which provides a quantitative dynamic version of the Fed model.
Companionate marriage in India: the changing marriage system in a middle-class Brahman subcaste

The Eighteen-Village Vattimas are a Tamil Brahman subcaste. They were formerly rural landlords, but today they mostly belong to the urban middle class. In recent decades, the Vattimas’ marriage system has changed markedly. Child marriage has ended and the age of marriage has since risen further. Close-kin marriage is no longer preferred, although subcaste endogamy remains the norm. Nevertheless, the education and employment of individuals, and their personal compatibility, have now become crucial criteria, and young men and women are involved in arranging their own marriages. Among the Vattimas (like other Indians), a form of arranged, endogamous companionate marriage has now developed, which plays a fundamental role in reproducing both caste and the middle class in contemporary India.
The homotopy type of the space of rational functions

For each positive integer d, let Hold denote the space of all holomorphic (equivalently, algebraic) maps of degree d from the Riemann sphere S = C ∪ ∞ to itself. This space is of interest both from a classical and a modern point of view (see [1], [5]). Let Hold be the subspace of Hold consisting of maps which preserve a basepoint of S. It is well known that Hol1 is the group of fractional linear transformations PSL2(C) and that Hol1 may be identified with the affine transformation group of C. It is an elementary fact that Hold and Hold are connected spaces. The fundamental groups of these spaces are Z/2d,Z respectively; these computations are due to Epshtein ([6]) and Jones (see [8]). The following more general result was obtained by Segal:
Fiscal Multipliers in the EuroArea

In a standard linear structural VAR framework we analyse the size and sign of fi scal multipliers in the euro area, using a newly available quarterly dataset of fi scal variables for the period 1981-2007. From a policy perspective, the analysis of fi scal multipliers in “average times” provides insights on the impact of both fi scal stimulus and fi scal consolidation measures, provided “good” and “bad” times are on average similar. * The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily refl ect those of the European Central Bank, the Bank of Spain or the Eurosystem. We thank Pablo Hernandez de Cos, Ad van Riet, Michele Lenza, seminar participants at the Bank of Spain, the ECB, the Working Group of Public Finance (WGPF) and Banca d’Italia Perugia Workshop, as well as an anonymous referee for useful comments. Contact details: Pablo Burriel (pburriel@bde.es), Francisco de Castro (fcastro@bde.es), Daniel Garrote (daniel.garrote@bde.es), Esther Gordo (egordo@bde.es) and Javier J. Perez (javierperez@ bde.es): all Research Department, Bank of Spain. Joan Paredes (joan.paredes@ecb.int), Fiscal Policies Division, European Central Bank. 8 BURRIEL, DE CASTRO, GARROTE, GORDO, PAREDES, PEREZ
Nutritive Value of three varieties of banana and plantain blossoms from Cameroon

DOI: 10.15580/GJAS.2015. 2.012115009 Background: The by-products of banana and plantain shrubs, especially banana blossom (banana male bud) are usually thrown away by producers in plantations, and produce important quantities of post harvest waste. The nutritional composition of three varieties of banana and plantain blossoms grown in Cameroon; dessert banana (Musa AAA), plantain (Musa AAB) and cooking banana (Musa ABB), was assessed for their potential applications.
Ghrelin influence on metabolism and fertility

Ghrelin is a 28 amino-acid orexigenic hormone originally identified in the stomach. The effect of ghrelin on hunger is most probably indirect and exerted through its interaction with blood glucose level and insulinemia shortly after consumption and just prior to the next meal. Apart from its stimulating effect on growth (GH), ghrelin stimulates the secretion of prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and cortisol. Its effect on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion is not unequivocal. The tests carried out on animals and humans so far are inconsistent and it cannot be unequivocally stated whether ghrelin’s activity is stimulating or inhibitory. It has been suggested that ghrelin decreases LH pulse frequency. In this mechanism ghrelin may play a significant physiological role in reproductive function. In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) a lower serum concentration of ghrelin was noted in comparison to healthy women, however the reports are not consistent. Ghrelin is a hormone, that is strictly related to energy balance, obesity, insulin resistance and most probably to the reproductive function. As PCOS predisposes to obesity and metabolic changes such as insulin resistance it may be assumed that ghrelin’s activity is linked with pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Role of ghrelin in reproductive functions is very interesting and requires further research studies.
Title Explaining variance in self-directed learning readiness of firstyear students in health professional programs

Background: Self-directed learning (SDL) is expected of health science graduates; it is thus a learning outcome in many pre-certification programs. Previous research identified age, gender, discipline and prior education as associated with variations in students’ self-directed learning readiness (SDLR). Studies in other fields also propose personality as influential. Method: This study investigated relationships between SDLR and age, gender, discipline, previous education, and personality traits. The Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale and the 50-item ‘big five’ personality trait inventory were administered to 584 first-year undergraduate students (n = 312 female) enrolled in a first-session undergraduate interprofessional health sciences subject. Results: Students were from health promotion, health services management, therapeutic recreation, sports and exercise science, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, and podiatry. Four hundred and seven responses (n = 230 females) were complete. SDLR was significantly higher in females and students in occupational therapy and physiotherapy. SDLR increased with age and higher levels of previous education. It was also significantly associated with ‘big five’ personality trait scores. Regression analysis revealed 52.9% of variance was accounted for by personality factors, discipline and prior experience of tertiary education. Conclusion: Demographic, discipline and personality factors are associated with SDLR in the first year of study. Teachers need to be alert to individual student variation in SDLR.
Daily Activities and Social Pattern of two Himalayan Pikas, Ochotona macrotis and O. roylei, Observed at Mt. Everest (With 9 Text-figures and 3 Tables)

Title Daily Activities and Social Pattern of two Himalayan Pikas, Ochotona macrotis and O. roylei, Observed at Mt. Everest (With 9 Text-figures and 3 Tables) Author(s) KAWAMICHI, Takeo Citation 北海道大學理學部紀要 = JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY Series VI. ZOOLOGY, 17(4): 587-609 Issue Date 1971-04 Doc URL http://hdl.handle. net/2115/27508 Type bulletin File Information 17(4)_P587-609.pdf
Forensic dentistry: dental indicators for identification

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my graduate committee: Ms. Mary H. Manhein, my advisor, and the other members of my committee, Drs. Robert Tague and Jill Brody for having patience with this project and allowing me to complete the work in my own time. Additionally, I wish to thank Ms. Manhein for allowing me to collect data from the forensic collection. This thesis was created with the support of my family, without which the completion of this thesis would not have been possible. I would like to thank my husband for his willingness to relocate so that I could pursue my education and for providing for me, financially and emotionally, during my graduate career. I am grateful to my parents for all the love and support they have given to me. They have always sustained me through the course of my life.
The effects of doping copper and mesoporous structure on photocatalytic properties of TiO 2

This paper describes a system for the synthesis of Cu-doped mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles by a hydrothermal method at relatively low temperatures. The technique used is to dope the as-prepared mesoporous TiO2 system with copper. In this method, the copper species with the form of Cu1+, which was attributed to the reduction effect of dehydroxylation and evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), was well dispersed in the optimal concentration 1 wt. % Cu-doped mesoporous TiO2. In this as-prepared mesoporous TiO2 system, original particles with a size of approximately 20 nm are aggregated together to shapes of approximately 1100 nm, which resulted in the porous aggregate structure. More importantly, the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity was discussed as effects due to the formation of stable Cu(I) and the mesoporous structure in the Cu-doped mesoporous TiO2. Among them, Cu-doped mesoporous TiO2 shows the highest degradation rate of methyl orange (MO). In addition, the effects of initial solution pH on degradation of MO had also been investigated. As a result, the optimum values of initial solution pH were found to be 3.
SELL-SIDE ILLIQUIDITY AND THE CROSS-SECTION OF EXPECTED STOCK RETURNS

The demand for immediacy is likely to be stronger for sellers of securities than for buyers since investors are more likely to have a pressing need to raise cash than to exchange cash for securities. Secondly, previous literature suggests that market makers will react asymmetrically to orders for the purchase and sale of securities. We estimate separate buyand sell-side price impact measures for a large cross-section of stocks over more than 20 years, and find pervasive evidence that sell-side illiquidity exceeds buy-side illiquidity. Thus, the time-series of the value weighted average difference between buyand sell-side illiquidity is overwhelmingly positive over our sample period. Further, both illiquidity measures co-move significantly with the TED spread, a measure of funding liquidity. In the cross-section, sell-side illiquidity is priced far more strongly than buy-side illiquidity. Indeed, our evidence indicates that the illiquidity premium in asset returns emanates almost entirely from the sell side.
MicroRNA ‐ 216 a inhibits the growth and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma by targeting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 B

There is increasing evidence to suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs; miRs) are involved in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). miR-216a has been identified as being involved in tumorigenesis, however, the mechanisms of miR-216a in various types of cancer, either as a tumor suppressor or as an oncogenic miRNA, and the specific regulatory role of miR‐216a in OSCC remain to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that the expression of miR‐216a was significantly reduced in OSCC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-216a significantly suppressed the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of the OSCC cells. In addition, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B (EIF4B) was identified as a direct target of miR‐216a, which was observed to be upregulated in the OSCC tissues. Furthermore, overexpression of EIF4B significantly attenuated the antitumor effect of miR-216a, and a negative correlation was observed between miR‐216a and EIF4B in the OSCC tissues. Taken together, these findings indicated that miR-216a has a suppressive role in OSCC cells by directly targeting EIF4B, and may function as a potential prognostic biomarker and novel therapeutic target.
PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE

Introduction Regulating alcohol outlet density is an evidence-based strategy for reducing excessive drinking. However, the effect of this strategy on violent crime has not been well characterized. A reduction in alcohol outlet density in the Buckhead neighborhood of Atlanta from 2003 through 2007 provided an opportunity to evaluate this effect. Methods We conducted a community-based longitudinal study to evaluate the impact of changes in alcohol outlet density on violent crime in Buckhead compared with 2 other cluster areas in Atlanta (Midtown and Downtown) with high densities of alcohol outlets, from 1997 through 2002 (preintervention) to 2003 through 2007 (postintervention). The relationship between exposures to onpremises retail alcohol outlets and violent crime were assessed by using annual spatially defined indices at the census block level. Multilevel regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between changes in exposure to on-premises alcohol outlets and violent crime while controlling for potential census blocklevel confounders. Results A 3% relative reduction in alcohol outlet density in Buckhead from 1997–2002 to 2003–2007 was associated with a 2-fold greater reduction in exposure to violent crime than occurred in Midtown or Downtown, where exposure to on-premises retail alcohol outlets increased. The magnitude of the association between exposure to alcohol outlets and violent crime was 2 to 5 times greater in Buckhead than in either Midtown or Downtown during the postintervention period. Conclusions A modest reduction in alcohol outlet density can substantially reduce exposure to violent crime in neighborhoods with high density of alcohol outlets. Routine monitoring of community exposure to alcohol outlets could also inform the regulation of alcohol outlet density, consistent with Guide to Community Preventive Services recommendations.
Why do Women avoid Dental Visits During Pregnancy? A Cross-Sectional Survey in Al Madinah, Western Saudi Arabia

Objective: To investigate why women avoid dental visits during pregnancy and to explore the possible association between this attitude and relevant socio-demographic factors. Material and Methods: An online questionnaire was distributed to pregnant women during their routine visits to antenatal clinics in Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire explored socio-demographic factors of age, education, employment status and nationality. It also explored misconceptions/ reasons for avoiding dental visits during pregnancy. Results: A total of 360 pregnant women participated, and their mean age was 30.08 years (range=18-52 years, SD=5.96). The most commonly cited misconception/reason for avoiding dental visits was “local anesthesia is not safe during pregnancy”, followed by “transportation is difficult” and lastly, “dental treatment is not safe during pregnancy”, (43.6%, 37.5%, 18.9%, respectively). Illiterate participants were statistically significantly associated with the misconception of “unsafe dental treatment during pregnancy” (p=0.002), whereas school-level and unemployed participants were statistically significantly associated with the misconception of “unsafe local anesthesia during pregnancy” (p=0.02, p=0.036 respectively). Conclusion: Pregnant women avoid dental visits mainly due to the misconception that local anesthesia is not safe during pregnancy. Difficult transportation seems to be another important deterrent in preventing pregnant women to visit dentists in this geographic area. Changing the misconceptions should be the starting point in addressing this public health problem and this should involve the three parties involved: pregnant women, oral healthcare providers and obstetric care providers.
The Influence of Saline Water Drip Irrigation and Root temperature Zone on Tomato Yield under Soilless Cultivation

A field experiment was carried out during winter seasons at 2016, on a private farm at the Department of Horticultural Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. To evaluate the saline water drip irrigation (SWDI) (0, 1.5, 3 and 6) ds.m -1 in nutrient solution on tomato plants (Solanum Lycopersicum L Cv. Memory) under high (30°C), low (20°C) and medium (25°C) root zone temperature (RZT), an experiment was carried out as split –plot based on completely randomized design. High of the yield of a plant, total fruit and experimental were under SWDI (3) ds.m -1 compared to control, but lowest fruit diameter was under high SWDI (6) ds.m -1 . SWDI 6 ds.m -1 increased firmness fruit. High RZT 30°C decreased average fruit of weight compared to RZT 25 °C. Yield of the plant, fruit diameter and experimental had not significant by RZT. RZT 25°C decreased total fruit number /plant. Firmness fruit increased under RZT 25 °C compared to low RZT 20 °C. Interactions between RZT and SWDI were significant for all traits studied in the experiment.