Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective To assess the relative effects of individual testosterone products among hypogonadal men. Design Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and grey literature (25 May 2017) for randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies (NRS) that involved hypogonadal men given testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) for ≥3 months. Comparators were placebo, another TRT, or the same product at a different dose. Outcomes were quality of life, depression, libido, erectile function, activities of daily living and testosterone levels, as well as cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, prostate cancer, heart disease, diabetes, serious adverse events, withdrawals due to adverse events and erythrocytosis. RCT data were pooled via meta-analysis and network meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane’s risk of bias tool (RCTs) andScottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)50 (NRS). Results Eighty-seven RCTs and 51 NRS were included. Most were at high or unclear risk of bias, with short treatment duration and follow-up. When compared as a class against placebo, TRT improved quality of life (standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.26, 95% CI −0.41 to –0.11), libido (SMD 0.33, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.50), depression (SMD −0.23, 95% CI −0.44 to –0.01) and erectile function (SMD 0.25, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.41). Most individual TRTs were significantly better than placebo at improving libido (6/10). Only one TRT was better than placebo at improving quality of life, and no individual TRTs improved depression or erectile function. There was no increased risk of adverse events, with the exception of withdrawals due to adverse events with the use of some TRTs. Conclusion Despite a class effect of improving quality of life, depression, erectile function and libido, major improvements were not observed with the use of any individual product. We observed no statistically significant increase in the risk of adverse events; however, longer-term high-quality trials are needed to fully assess the risk of harm. PROSPERO registration number CRD42014009963.
The component fatty acids of oils found in spores of plant rusts and other fungi.

The fatty acid compositions of oils extracted from the spores of 21 species of fungi, mainly rusts and smuts, have been determined by gas liquid phase chromatography. Cis-9,10-epoxyoctadecanoic acid was present in the spore oil of six species of Puccinia, two species of Melampsora, and one species each of Cronartium and Phragmidium, but not in one species each of Uromyces, Gymnosporangium, and Ravenelia. Palmitic acid was the principal saturated acid in all the fats, except those from the mildews, and the unsaturated C18 acids generally made up the remainder. Rusts of the same genus with hosts in the same plant family had similar fatty acids but other rusts of the same genus with hosts in other families had a quite different pattern. The fats of smuts and mildews are quite distinct from those found in the rusts.
Pengaruh Manfaat, Modal, Motivasi dan Edukasi Terhadap Minat Dalam Berinvestasi di Pasar Modal

Penelitian ini bertujuan: untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh manfaat investasi terhadap minat berinvestasi di pasar modal. untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh modal investasi terhadap minat berinvestasi di pasar modal. untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh motivasi investasi terhadap minat berinvestasi di pasar modal. untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh edukasi investasi terhadapa minat berinvestasi di pasar modal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis regresi berganda. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa sekolah Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Balikpapan. Sedangkan sampel dari penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa yang telah mendapatkan edukasi dan sosialisasi tentang pasar modal sebanyak 100 orang. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh manfaat investasi mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap minat berinvestasi, modal investasi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap minat berinvestasi, motivasi investasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat berinvestasi, edukasi investasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat berinvestasi dan Secara simultan atau bersama – sama variabel manfaat, modal, motivasi dan edukasi mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap minat berinvestasi di pasar modal (Studi Mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Balikapapan). Kata Kunci : minat, investasi, manfaat, modal, motivasi, edukasi.
Early postpartum mood as a risk factor for postnatal depression in Nigerian women.

OBJECTIVE This report explored early postpartum mood changes and their correlation with postnatal depression in African women. METHOD Scores on the Maternity Blues Scale and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for 478 women on the fifth day postpartum were compared with the women's Research Diagnostic Criteria diagnosis at 4 and 8 weeks postpartum. RESULTS The Maternity Blues Scale and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores at day 5 postpartum were found to reliably predict the diagnosis of depression at 4 and 8 weeks postpartum. CONCLUSIONS African women at risk of postnatal depression can be identified in the early postnatal period by incorporating simple screening methods.
The impact of Big Data analytics and data security practices on service supply chain performance

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of Big Data analytics, data security and service supply chain innovation capabilities on services supply chain performance.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on the relational view of resource-based theory to propose a theoretical model. The data were collected through survey of 145 service firms.FindingsThe results of this study found that the Big Data analytics has a positive and significant relationship with a firm’s ability to manage data security and a positive impact on service supply chain innovation capabilities and service supply chain performance. This study also found that most service firms participating in this study used Big Data analytics to execute existing algorithms faster with larger data sets.Practical implicationsA main recommendation of this study is that service firms empower a chief data officer to establish the data needed and design the governance of data in the company to eliminate any security issues. Data security was a concern if a firm did not have ample data governance and protection as the information was shared among members of service supply chain networks.Originality/valueBig Data analytics are a useful technology tool to forecast market preference based on open source, structured and unstructured data.
The effect of whole bee venom on arthritis.

This study was performed to assess the clincotherapeutic effect of whole venom of honeybee (Apis mellifera) in adjuvant-induced arthritic rat. Ninety Sprague-Dawley male rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Adjuvant arthritis was produced by a single subcutaneous injection of I mg Mycobacterium butyricum suspended in 0.1 ml paraffin oil into the right hind paw. Righting reflex was uniformly lost and considered to be the point of arthritis development on day 14 after CFA injection. The experiments were divided into three groups. When arthritis was developed in the rat, tested groups were administered with prednisolone (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or honeybee venom (one bee, s.c.) every other day for another 14 days. Control group was injected with 0.1 ml of physiological saline solution subcutaneously. Clinical and hematological values with histopathological findings were observed during the drug administration. In treatment groups, the development of inflammatory edema and polyarthritis was suppressed. No significant differences of hind paw edema volume and lameness score between prednisolone and honeybee venom groups were observed during treatment. White blood cell counts of control group showed leucocytosis that was significantly different from the two treatment groups (p < 0.01). Erosions of articular cartilage and inflammatory cell infiltrations into interphalangeal joint were effectively suppressed in treated groups. In conclusion, whole honeybee venom was found to suppress arthritic inflammation in the rat. This may be an alternative treatment of arthritic agony in humans.
The Evolution of the Number Density of Large Disk Galaxies in COSMOS

We study a sample of approximately 16,500 galaxies with IACS,AB ≤ 22.5 in the central 38% of the COSMOS field, which are extracted from a catalog constructed from the Cycle 12 ACS F814W COSMOS data set. Structural information on the galaxies is derived by fitting single Sérsic models to their two-dimensional surface brightness distributions. In this paper we focus on the disk galaxy population (as classified by the Zurich Estimator of Structural Types), and investigate the evolution of the number density of disk galaxies larger than approximately 5 kpc between redshift z ~ 1 and the present epoch. Specifically, we use the measurements of the half-light radii derived from the Sérsic fits to construct, as a function of redshift, the size function Φ(r1/2, z) of both the total disk galaxy population and of disk galaxies split in four bins of bulge-to-disk ratio. In each redshift bin, the size function specifies the number of galaxies per unit comoving volume and per unit half-light radius r1/2. Furthermore, we use a selected sample of roughly 1800 SDSS galaxies to calibrate our results with respect to the local universe. We find the following: (1) The number density of disk galaxies with intermediate sizes (r1/2 ~ 5-7 kpc) remains nearly constant from z ~ 1 to today. Unless the growth and destruction of such systems exactly balanced in the last eight billion years, they must have neither grown nor been destroyed over this period. (2) The number density of the largest disks (r1/2 > 7 kpc) decreases by a factor of about 2 out to z ~ 1. (3) There is a constancy—or even slight increase—in the number density of large bulgeless disks out to z ~ 1; the deficit of large disks at early epochs seems to arise from a smaller number of bulged disks. Our results indicate that the bulk of the large disk galaxy population has completed its growth by z ~ 1 and support the theory that secular evolution processes produce—or at least add stellar mass to—the bulge components of disk galaxies.
Numerical Study of Quench Protection Schemes for a $ \hbox{MgB}_{2}$ Superconducting Magnet

Thermal stability and protection in the event of quench are key issues in the design of superconducting magnets. Quench development and propagation strongly depend on the conductor characteristics and the magnet configuration. An adequate quench protection method must maintain both the peak temperature and the peak voltage during the event within acceptable limits. This paper presents quench modeling and evaluation of candidate protection schemes for a superconducting coil based on a magnesium diboride (MgB2) wire, designed for use in a new cryogen-free magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The wire properties are different, and the current density is significantly higher from those previously reported. In contrast to previous studies, it is concluded that the coil cannot be considered self-protecting and that protection using external resistance provides a practically acceptable solution.
Mannose receptor induces T-cell tolerance via inhibition of CD45 and up-regulation of CTLA-4

Significance Endocytic receptors regulate the internalization of extracellular antigens and are often targeted to induce a potent immune response (e.g., tumor vaccinations), albeit with limited success. Here, we describe a role of an endocytic receptor on the regulation of T-cell functionality. We demonstrate that the expression of the mannose receptor on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) impaired full activation of cytotoxic T cells by direct interaction with CD45 on the T-cell surface, resulting in CD45 inhibition, T-cell reprogramming, and the induction of T-cell tolerance. These findings demonstrate that the immune-regulatory properties of endocytic receptors expressed on APCs have an important impact on the potency of T-cell activation. The mannose receptor (MR) is an endocytic receptor involved in serum homeostasis and antigen presentation. Here, we identify the MR as a direct regulator of CD8+ T-cell activity. We demonstrate that MR expression on dendritic cells (DCs) impaired T-cell cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. This regulatory effect of the MR was mediated by a direct interaction with CD45 on the T cell, inhibiting its phosphatase activity, which resulted in up-regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4) and the induction of T-cell tolerance. Inhibition of CD45 prevented expression of B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6), a transcriptional inhibitor that directly bound the CTLA-4 promoter and regulated its activity. These data demonstrate that endocytic receptors expressed on DCs contribute to the regulation of T-cell functionality.
Long‐term effects of oral contraceptives on ovarian cancer risk

Several epidemiologic studies have reported a protective effect of oral contraceptives (OCs) on ovarian cancer. However, there remain open issues, including better quantification of time‐related factors such as time since last use, age at first use and time since first use. We performed a collaborative reanalysis of 6 case‐control studies conducted between 1978 and 1999 in the United Kingdom, Greece and Italy, including a total of 2,768 incident, histologically confirmed cases of epithelial ovarian cancer and 6,274 hospital controls under age 70 years. A reduced risk of ovarian cancer was found for ever‐ compared to never‐users [odds ratio (OR) = 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56–0.79], and a stronger reduction was observed for women who had used OCs for ≥5 years (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.33–0.76) compared to those who had used them for <5 years. The protective effect of OCs on ovarian cancer was consistent across strata of age, parity, menopausal status and family history of breast or ovarian cancer. After allowance for duration of use, no other time factor was related to ovarian cancer risk: the reduced risk was similar for women who stopped OC use ≥20 years before compared to <10 years; likewise, no significant modification of risk reduction was observed for age at first OC use and time since first OC use. The present analysis indicates that, after taking into account duration of OC use, the OC protection from ovarian cancer persists for a long time after stopping use. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metformin Inhibits Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Action in Human Granulosa Cells: Relevance to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background: Women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are generally insulin-resistant and as a consequence are often treated with the biguanide metformin. Results with metformin have, however, been variable with some studies demonstrating induction of regular cycles and an increase in ovulation, whereas others do not. Hence more understanding is needed regarding the mechanism of metformin's actions in ovarian granulosa cells especially in light of previous demonstrations of direct actions. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate metformin's interaction with the FSH/cAMP/protein kinase A pathway, which is the primary signaling pathway controlling CYP19A1 (aromatase) expression in the ovary. Methods: The effect of metformin on FSH and forskolin-stimulated aromatase expression in human granulosa cells was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Activity was assessed after transfection with a promoter II-luciferase construct, and by an RIA measuring conversion of androgen to estrogens. The effect on FSH receptor (FSHR) mRNA was assessed by quantitative PCR. Levels of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2) were measured by Western blotting and cAMP by a bioluminescent assay. Results: Metformin markedly reduced FSH but not forskolin-stimulated aromatase expression and activity. This effect was exerted by inhibition of basal and ligand-induced up-regulation of FSHR expression. Metformin also reduced FSH-induced phosphorylation of CREB and hence CRE activity, which could potentially disrupt the CREB–CREB-binding protein–CRTC2 coactivator complex that binds to CRE in promoter II of the aromatase gene. This is mediated in an AMP-activated protein kinase-independent manner, and does not involve alteration of cAMP levels. Conclusion: These finding have implications for the use of metformin in the treatment of anovulation in women with PCOS.
Metabolism of neoplastic tissue. IV. A study of lipid synthesis in neoplastic tissue slices in vitro.

Summary A study of lipogenesis in neoplastic tissues has shown that acetate and glucose carbon can be utilized for synthesis of the fatty acid chain. However, the data indicate that this process is probably too slow to supply the lipid needs of a rapidly growing tumor, and the tumor must therefore obtain its lipids preformed from the host.
Re-imagining the growth process: (co)-evolving metaphorical representations of entrepreneurial growth

We investigate the role and influence of the biological metaphor ‘growth’ in studies of organizations, specifically in entrepreneurial settings. We argue that we need to reconsider metaphorical expressions of growth processes in entrepreneurship studies in order to better understand growth in the light of contemporary challenges, such as environmental concerns. Our argument is developed in two stages: first, we review the role of metaphor in organization and entrepreneurship studies. Second, we reflect critically on three conceptualizations of growth that have drawn on biological metaphors: the growing organism, natural selection and co-evolution. We find the metaphor of co-evolution heuristically valuable but under-used and in need of further refinement. We propose three characteristics of the co-evolutionary metaphor that might enrich our understanding of entrepreneurial growth: relational epistemology, collectivity and multidimensionality. Through this we provide a conceptual means of reconciling an economic impetus for entrepreneurial growth with an environmental imperative for sustainability.
A day at the university fair: ‘hot’ brands, ‘house of brands’ and promotional tactics in higher education

ABSTRACT Research on promotional behavior within higher education has exploded over the last two decades, spurred on by the intensification of student recruitment. To date, studies have focused on mapping the content of conventional promotional texts (e.g. viewbooks, web sites), to identify how institutions depict themselves through them. By comparison, recruitment events, such as exhibitions or fairs, have received limited scholarly attention. This study aims to ameliorate this gap within the present literature, using observational methods and collaborative auto-ethnography to analyze branding strategies and broader social dynamics within a prominent Canadian university fair. Using such methods, this study identifies (i) variance in the uptake of ‘house of brands’ and ‘branded house’ strategies, (ii) diverging degrees of student interest across institutional types, along with (iii) ‘niche’-oriented marketing tactics across information booths. Observed patterns are theorized from the standpoint of contemporary research within the field of organizational sociology and higher education marketing.
Modèles d'ordres non entiers appliqués à la caractérisation thermique de milieux évolutifs par méthode inverse : cas d'un sol humide

Le travail presente propose de mesurer la teneur en eau in situ, en particulier dans les couches peu profondes qui sont rapidement evolutives. Cette mesure s'effectue par le biais d'une caracterisation thermique du systeme. L'etude est divisee en deux parties. La premiere est la determination des parametres thermiques d'un echantillon de sol en laboratoire par des methodes classiques. Ces essais sont realises avec une teneur en eau que l'on fait varier par palier, dans le but d'etudier son influence sur les proprietes thermiques de l'echantillon. On etablit alors une correlation entre l'effusivite b qui caracterise le materiau et son humidite w. La seconde partie traite de la partie in situ des experimentations. Elle fait appel a des techniques plus complexes. Du fait de l'evolution rapide du systeme etudie, nous avons eu recours a l'utilisation d'outils adaptes dans la theorie de traitement du signal : les modeles non entiers. Nous avons etudie trois types de sol differents : tout d'abord un sable, qui nous a servi de reference pour nos essais, puis nous avons etendu la methode sur un sol argileux, et un sol argilo-sableux. Ce travail a debouche sur le suivi de la teneur en eau de ces sols, en fonction du temps et de la profondeur. Les resultats ont ete valides par des essais gravimetriques.
Faktor - Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kredit pada Bank Umum Swasta Nasional (Busn) Devisa

Besarnya kredit yang diberikan ditentukan oleh berbagai factor diantaranya Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), dan Non Performing Loan (NPL), Sertifikat Bank Indonesia (SBI), dan Tingkat Suku Bunga Kredit. Tujuan penelitan ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana hubungan Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), dan Non Performing Loan (NPL), Sertifikat Bank Indonesia (SBI), dan Tingkat Suku Bunga Kredit terhadap besarnya penyaluran kredit pada Bank Umum Swasta Nasional (BUSN) Devisa di Indonesia Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Bank Umum Swasta Nasional (BUSN) Devisa di Indonesia periode 2011-2015 dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 19 bank dan jumlah sampel menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode observasi non partisipan dengan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Dana Pihak Ketiga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kredit. Sertifikat Bank Indonesia berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kredit. Sementara Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non Performing Loan dan Tingkat Suku Bunga Kredit berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap Kredit. Kata kunci: kredit, dana pihak ketiga, capital adequacy ratio, non performing loan, sertifikat bank Indonesia, dan tingkat suku bunga kredit
Impact of Integrated Marketing Communication on Consumers Purchase Decisions

The integrated marketing communication (IMC) is one of the important communication trend adopted by advertising and business organizations during last decade. This research is conducted to find out the impact of IMC practices on consumers’ purchase decisions in Pakistan. In this age of globalization, with the spread of advanced and updated technologies and increase in well-informed customers, it has become essential for the business market to be more efficient to make powerful impact on the target audience and market. In Pakistan, the business market has started progressing towards an integrated approach to achieving efficiency by synergy and this concept has become one of the most significant examples of development in the marketing discipline. This research highlights the importance of IMC activities with respect to influencing consumers’ purchase decisions. Through consumers feedback the research successfully found consumers preferences for IMC tools, activities, demographic profiles and buying behavior. The descriptive research design is adopted and interviews and questionnaires are used for data collection. Finally, the research concludes that consumers are becoming demanding as their demographic profiles and buying behavior are influenced by IMC activities which contribute in consumers' final purchase decisions.