Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lynch Syndrome–Associated Colorectal Cancer

&NA; This Journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical problem. Evidence supporting various strategies is then presented, followed by a review of formal guidelines, when they exist. The article ends with the author's clinical recommendations. A 48‐year‐old man presents with intermittent lower abdominal pain on his right side and reports a weight loss of 4.5 kg (10 lb). He is married and has two healthy teenage children. The physical examination is remarkable for the presence of blood in the stool on digital rectal examination. The hemoglobin level is 11.4 g per deciliter. His mother had a gynecologic cancer at 45 years of age, and his maternal grandfather had colorectal cancer at 63 years of age. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis shows thickening of the cecal wall and pericecal adenopathy. A colonoscopy reveals a polypoid cecal mass, and a biopsy shows poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. How should this patient be further evaluated and treated?
Differential effects of speed on two-dimensional foot strike pattern during barefoot and shod running in recreationally active men

ABSTRACT The majority of barefoot running studies have not considered speed as an influential factor on foot strike pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in foot strike pattern and spatiotemporal characteristics between barefoot and shod overground running at varying speeds. We first determined maximal running speed (Vm) over 50 m in 15 recreationally active men who self-reported as habitual rearfoot strikers. Participants then completed shod and barefoot running trials at different speeds equivalent to approximately 90%, 80%, 70% and 60% of Vm. Sagittal plane two-dimensional (2D) foot-ground contact angle, ankle plantar-dorsi flexion angle, contact time, flight time, step length and step rate variables for each trial were recorded. A significant interaction effect of running speed and footwear condition (p < 0.05) on foot-ground contact angle, ankle plantar-dorsi flexion angle and contact time was observed. There was a main effect of running speed (p < 0.01) on flight time, step length and step rate. There was a main effect of footwear condition on step length (p < 0.01). Participants were more inclined to plantarflex the ankle and contact the ground with the forefoot at higher percentages of Vm, especially when running barefoot.
Comparing Similarity Perception in Time Series Visualizations

A common challenge faced by many domain experts working with time series data is how to identify and compare similar patterns. This operation is fundamental in high-level tasks, such as detecting recurring phenomena or creating clusters of similar temporal sequences. While automatic measures exist to compute time series similarity, human intervention is often required to visually inspect these automatically generated results. The visualization literature has examined similarity perception and its relation to automatic similarity measures for line charts, but has not yet considered if alternative visual representations, such as horizon graphs and colorfields, alter this perception. Motivated by how neuroscientists evaluate epileptiform patterns, we conducted two experiments that study how these three visualization techniques affect similarity perception in EEG signals. We seek to understand if the time series results returned from automatic similarity measures are perceived in a similar manner, irrespective of the visualization technique; and if what people perceive as similar with each visualization aligns with different automatic measures and their similarity constraints. Our findings indicate that horizon graphs align with similarity measures that allow local variations in temporal position or speed (i.e., dynamic time warping) more than the two other techniques. On the other hand, horizon graphs do not align with measures that are insensitive to amplitude and y-offset scaling (i.e., measures based on z-normalization), but the inverse seems to be the case for line charts and colorfields. Overall, our work indicates that the choice of visualization affects what temporal patterns we consider as similar, i.e., the notion of similarity in time series is not visualization independent.
A Comprehensive Side-Channel Information Leakage Analysis of an In-Order RISC CPU Microarchitecture

Side-channel attacks are a prominent threat to the security of embedded systems. To perform them, an adversary evaluates the goodness of fit of a set of key-dependent power consumption models to a collection of side-channel measurements taken from an actual device, identifying the secret key value as the one yielding the best-fitting model. In this work, we analyze for the first time the microarchitectural components of a 32-bit in-order RISC CPU, showing which one of them is accountable for unexpected side-channel information leakage. We classify the leakage sources, identifying the data serialization points in the microarchitecture and providing a set of hints that can be fruitfully exploited to generate implementations resistant against side-channel attacks, either writing or generating proper assembly code.
Approach to the Identification and Differentiation of Migraine.

DISCLOSURES Dr. Diamond discloses that she is on advisory boards and a consultant for Alder BioPharmaceuticals Inc.; Amgen Inc.; Promius Pharma, LLC; and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. She is on the speakers’ bureaus for Amgen Inc.; Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Depomed, Inc.; Pernix Therapeutics; Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. She is on the advisory boards for Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Depomed, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; and Upsher-Smith Laboratories. Dr. Diamond is on the Board of Directors for the National Headache Foundation and the Diamond Headache Clinic Research and Educational Foundation.
Privacy-Friendly Wi-Fi-Based Occupancy Estimation with Minimal Resources

Occupancy estimation is becoming an increasingly popular research topic, as solutions can be deployed both to the challenges of demand-driven ambient comfort control applications, and to the challenges of building safety and security. With this article, the authors aim to estimate the number of people in a particular area of a building, using only existing infrastructure. To achieve this, information is collected from the Wi-Fi Access Points installed throughout a building, in such a way that the privacy of the persons using the Wi-Fi resources remains intact. While several approaches have been proposed to address the occupancy question, the main contribution lies in that the solution uses only standard Wi-Fi infrastructure, already deployed in any modern building. In addition, the authors claim that their solution comes at virtually zero cost, as their mechanisms add negligible network traffic, using minimal network and processing resources, and it does not require specialised hardware.
Fabrication of Multimode-Single Mode Polymer Fiber Tweezers for Single Cell Trapping and Identification with Improved Performance

Optical fiber tweezers have been gaining prominence in several applications in Biology and Medicine. Due to their outstanding focusing abilities, they are able to trap and manipulate microparticles, including cells, needing any physical contact and with a low degree of invasiveness to the trapped cell. Recently, we proposed a fiber tweezer configuration based on a polymeric micro-lens on the top of a single mode fiber, obtained by a self-guided photopolymerization process. This configuration is able to both trap and identify the target through the analysis of short-term portions of the back-scattered signal. In this paper, we propose a variant of this fabrication method, capable of producing more robust fiber tips, which produce stronger trapping effects on targets by as much as two to ten fold. These novel lenses maintain the capability of distinguish the different classes of trapped particles based on the back-scattered signal. This novel fabrication method consists in the introduction of a multi mode fiber section on the tip of a single mode (SM) fiber. A detailed description of how relevant fabrication parameters such as the length of the multi mode section and the photopolymerization laser power can be tuned for different purposes (e.g., microparticles trapping only, simultaneous trapping and sensing) is also provided, based on both experimental and theoretical evidences.
Chatbots

chatbot applications suggest that conversational user interfaces still face substantial challenges, generally speaking, as well as for the field of human-computer interaction (HCI). Chatbots imply not only a change in the interface between users and technology; they also imply changing user dynamics and patterns of use. We have previously outlined the potential implications and opportunities that chatbots hold for the field of HCI [1]. In this article, we dig into what we see as a key challenge with chatbots from a user-centered perspective. Chatbots have been around for decades. However, the real buzz around this technology did not start until the spring of 2016. Reasons for the sudden renewed interest in chatbots include massive advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and a major usage shift from online social networks to mobile-messaging applications such as Facebook Messenger, Telegram, Slack, Kik, and Viber. The first of these reasons holds promise that intelligent chatbots may well be within reach. The second concerns service providers’ need to reach users in the context of mobile messaging. However, C Insights → Chatbot initiatives often aim for poor use cases, ignoring user needs and user experiences. → The potential unpredictable variation in user input and what constitutes a valid chatbot response are big challenges for HCI. → The expansion in chatbot use is revealing new user needs and motivations. Chatbots: Changing User Needs and Motivations Petter Bae Brandtzaeg and Asbjørn Følstad, SINTEF, Norway
Keyphrase Generation with Correlation Constraints

In this paper, we study automatic keyphrase generation. Although conventional approaches to this task show promising results, they neglect correlation among keyphrases, resulting in duplication and coverage issues. To solve these problems, we propose a new sequence-to-sequence architecture for keyphrase generation named CorrRNN, which captures correlation among multiple keyphrases in two ways. First, we employ a coverage vector to indicate whether the word in the source document has been summarized by previous phrases to improve the coverage for keyphrases. Second, preceding phrases are taken into account to eliminate duplicate phrases and improve result coherence. Experiment results show that our model significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art method on benchmark datasets in terms of both accuracy and diversity.
Estradiol Affects Epstein–Barr Virus Reactivation-Induced Thyrotropin Receptor Antibody and Immunoglobulin Production in Graves’ Disease Patients and Healthy Controls

Abstract Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a gamma-herpesvirus persisting mainly in human B lymphocytes. EBV reactivation induces host cells to differentiate into plasma cells and is related to autoimmune diseases. Graves’ disease, an autoimmune hyperthyroidism, is caused by the thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb), which overstimulates thyroid stimulating hormone receptor. The disease occurs predominantly in women, which suggests involvement with estrogen. Graves’ disease patients and healthy controls have EBV-infected lymphocytes with TRAb on the surface (TRAb(+)EBV(+) cells) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). TRAb can be produced by reactivation of EBV in vitro, which is an alternative system of antibody production. In this study, we cultured PBMCs from Graves’ disease patients and healthy controls with 0, 1, and 100 nM estradiol, corresponding to control, midluteal, and pregnancy levels, respectively, and analyzed the levels of TRAb, total-IgG, and total-IgM during EBV reactivation. We found that 1 nM estradiol increased TRAb levels and 100 nM estradiol slightly lowered them in both patients and controls. In patients, IgM production at 100 nM estradiol was significantly lower than that at 0 nM estradiol (p = 0.028). Estradiol increased the ratio of IgG production to immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) production (IgG/IgG + IgM), which suggested an increase in class switch recombination in the process of EBV reactivation-induced Ig production. Moreover, TRAb production was stimulated by a midluteal level of estradiol and was suppressed by a pregnancy level of estradiol in controls and patients. These results were consistent with premenstrual worsening and maternity improving of autoimmune diseases, including Graves’ disease.
Semantic Crash Bucketing

Precise crash triage is important for automated dynamic testing tools, like fuzzers. At scale, fuzzers produce millions of crashing inputs. Fuzzers use heuristics, like stack hashes, to cut down on duplicate bug reports. These heuristics are fast, but often imprecise: even after deduplication, hundreds of uniquely reported crashes can still correspond to the same bug. Remaining crashes must be inspected manually, incurring considerable effort. In this paper we present Semantic Crash Bucketing, a generic method for precise crash bucketing using program transformation. Semantic Crash Bucketing maps crashing inputs to unique bugs as a function of changing a program (i.e., a semantic delta). We observe that a real bug fix precisely identifies crashes belonging to the same bug. Our insight is to approximate real bug fixes with lightweight program transformation to obtain the same level of precision. Our approach uses (a) patch templates and (b) semantic feedback from the program to automatically generate and apply approximate fixes for general bug classes. Our evaluation shows that approximate fixes are competitive with using true fixes for crash bucketing, and significantly outperforms built-in deduplication techniques for three state of the art fuzzers.
Activation of NF-κB in Synovium versus Cartilage from Patients with Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis: A Potential Contributor to Inflammatory Aspects of Disease Progression

The aim was to assess the activation and association of the NF-κB system across synovial membrane (SM) and articular cartilage (AC) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and ascertain its potential effects on catabolic mediator expression in advanced OA. SM and AC were obtained from 40 OA patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and from 19 postmortem control subjects. NF-κB subunit RelA in nuclear and cytosolic fractions and NF-κB1–DNA binding in nuclear extracts was assessed by ELISA, whereas NFKB1, RELA, IL-8, IL-6, and MMP3 gene expression were analyzed by reverse transcriptase–quantitative PCR in tissues. We observed higher SM nuclear RelA protein levels and upregulated NF-κB1–DNA binding in OA patients compared with postmortem controls. However, in AC, lower nuclear RelA levels were observed compared with cytosolic extracts in patients. Nuclear RelA levels correlated positively with NF-κB1–DNA binding in SM and AC in patients. SM RELA and MMP3 mRNA levels were upregulated, whereas IL-8 and IL-6 as well as AC RELA were downregulated in patients compared with controls. In SM, nuclear RelA levels correlated positively with MMP3 gene expression in patients. A negative correlation was observed between SM nuclear RelA levels and AC NF-κB1–DNA binding, and SM nuclear NF-κB1-DNA binding correlated negatively with AC MMP3 and NFKB1 mRNA levels in patients. These findings highlight NF-κB–triggered cross-talk and feedback mechanisms between SM and AC in OA. Further, our findings strongly support a role for an activated NF-κB system in the transcriptional mechanism of inflammatory processes, especially in SM of patients with advanced OA.
Finding Better Ways to Prevent Postpartum Hemorrhage.

Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death in low-income countries.1 Although moderate bleeding after childbirth is not problematic in most healthy mothers, it can be life-threatening in mothers with clinically significant anemia, and severe bleeding can be rapidly fatal. Prevention of excessive postpartum bleeding is essential. The administration of drugs to contract the uterus (uterotonic agents) immediately after delivery is the cornerstone of strategies to prevent excessive postpartum bleeding.2 The uterine smooth muscle is believed to act as a living ligature that compresses bleeding blood vessels, stemming the flow of blood. Although there are remarkably few high-quality trials .
Model-Driven Run-Time Enforcement of Complex Role-Based Access Control Policies

A Role-based Access Control (RBAC) mechanism prevents unauthorized users to perform an operation, according to authorization policies which are defined on the user's role within an enterprise. Several models have been proposed to specify complex RBAC policies. However, existing approaches for policy enforcement do not fully support all the types of policies that can be expressed in these models, which hinders their adoption among practitioners. In this paper we propose a model-driven enforcement framework for complex policies captured by GemRBAC+CTX, a comprehensive RBAC model proposed in the literature. We reduce the problem of making an access decision to checking whether a system state (from an RBAC point of view), expressed as an instance of the GEMRBAC+CTX model, satisfies the constraints corresponding to the RBAC policies to be enforced at run time. We provide enforcement algorithms for various types of access requests and events, and a prototype tool (MORRO) implementing them. We also show how to integrate MORRO into an industrial Web application. The evaluation results show the applicability of our approach on a industrial system and its scalability with respect to the various parameters characterizing an AC configuration.
Historical data for conservation: reconstructing range changes of Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) in eastern China (1970–2016)

The Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) has long suffered from intense exploitation driven by consumer demand for medicinal use and food. Effective conservation management is hampered by insufficient data on pangolin status and distribution. We integrated ecological niche modelling with long-term ecological records at the local scale (e.g. from local historical documents, grey and published literature and interviews) to estimate the magnitude of potential distribution change of the Chinese pangolin in eastern China (Fujian, Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces) over time. Our results suggest that the range of the species decreased by 52.20% between the 1970s and early 2000s and that the population is now mainly confined to the Wuyi Mountains. This reduction in potential distribution range is attributable to anthropogenic pressures. According to our conservation prioritization analysis, the priority conservation area for the Chinese pangolin in eastern China is 51 268.4 km2, 5.62% of which is covered by nature reserves. There are 18 nature reserves and 46 prefectures which are priority areas for conservation in China. The priority-level nature reserves and prefectures in eastern China are mainly located in the centre of the Wuyi Mountains, and areas declared important tend to be around the Wuyi Mountains. We propose several actions to improve the conservation status of this species: establish or enlarge nature reserves, ensure local governments at the prefecture level prioritize conservation management and encourage local communities to participate in pangolin conservation.
Improved ArtGAN for Conditional Synthesis of Natural Image and Artwork

This paper proposes a series of new approaches to improve generative adversarial network (GAN) for conditional image synthesis and we name the proposed model as “ArtGAN. ” One of the key innovation of ArtGAN is that, the gradient of the loss function w.r. t. the label (randomly assigned to each generated image) is back-propagated from the categorical discriminator to the generator. With the feedback from the label information, the generator is able to learn more efficiently and generate image with better quality. Inspired by recent works, an autoencoder is incorporated into the categorical discriminator for additional complementary information. Last but not least, we introduce a novel strategy to improve the image quality. In the experiments, we evaluate ArtGAN on CIFAR-10 and STL-10 via ablation studies. The empirical results showed that our proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art results on CIFAR-10 in terms of Inception score. Qualitatively, we demonstrate that ArtGAN is able to generate plausible-looking images on Oxford-102 and CUB-200, as well as able to draw realistic artworks based on style, artist, and genre. The source code and models are available at: https://github.com/cs-chan/ArtGAN.
A Nonballasted Rail Track Slab Crack Identification Method Using a Level‐Set‐Based Active Contour Model

The nonballasted rail tracks have been extensively applied in the new high‐speed railway system development in China, that is, the China Railway Track System (CRTS). However, many defects have been identified during the operation of the CRTS, among which concrete slab crack is recognized as one of the most common, yet critical defects that require accurate identification and timely maintenance attention. Because of the unique outlook of the cracks in nonballasted rail track slabs captured in the survey imagery, direct adaptations of the existing crack extraction methods show dramatically degraded performance. A new automatic crack identification method is developed in this study by employing a region‐based active contour framework with the intensity cluster energy. The proposed method embodies three major contributions, including (1) a heavy penalization energy component that could effectively avoid both under‐ and overevolutions; (2) a multiphase level‐set function that effectively evolves the contours generated with different intensity clusters; and (3) a two‐step implementation of the framework that significantly improves the efficiency. The experimental test evaluates the performance of the proposed method using the data collected on high‐speed rail tracks in Hebei Province, China. The proposed method accurately identifies more than 93.0% of digitized cracks in different crack patterns and challenging backgrounds using a data set consisting of 1,500 synthetic images and 150 actual images. In addition, it shows promising performance in comparison with other popular state‐of‐the‐art crack detection algorithms in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. The proposed method has demonstrated the promising capacity to support a reliable and efficient nonballasted rail track crack identification and to facilitate the subsequent maintenance cost‐effectively.