Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arterial injuries in civilian practice in Lagos, Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE This is a retrospective study of patients managed at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital for peripheral arterial injuries from January 1995 to April 2003. The aim was to study the pattern of peripheral arterial injuries in Lagos. Nigeria and to look at the outcome of management and see what improvements could be made in future. METHOD Data was collated from case notes of patients, operation register in theatre and admission and discharge books from the surgical wards and the data bank of consultants involved in patients' management. RESULT Forty-one patients. 37 males and 4 females. were treated within the study period (M:F ratio of 9:1). Twenty three patients (56.1%) suffered gunshot injuries during armed robbery attacks while 9 patients (22.0%) had stab injuries in civilian violence. Twenty-one patients (3 with gunshot injuries and 18 non gunshot penetrating injuries) were managed by direct suturing of vessels. Eight patients had prosthetic graft interposition while 2 patients had reversed saphenous vein grafts. Two patients had the superficial branches of their radial arteries tied up at the wrist. CONCLUSION Gun shot injuries from armed robbery attack was the commonest cause of peripheral arterial injuries in this environment during the period of study.
Discrepancy between Intrarenal Messenger RNA and Protein Expression of ACE and ACE2 in Human Diabetic Nephropathy

Background: The intrarenal angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and type 2 ACE (ACE2) play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, but human data are limited. We studied glomerular and tubulointerstitial mRNA and the protein expression of ACE and ACE2 in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Methods: We studied renal biopsy specimens of 22 patients with diabetic nephropathy and 11 transplant donors as normal controls. Intrarenal mRNA expression of ACE and ACE2 was measured by laser microdissection and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; expression at the protein level was determined by immunostaining. Results: Glomerular and tubulointerstitial mRNA expression levels of ACE and ACE2 were significantly higher in patients with diabetic nephropathy than in normal controls (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Glomerular ACE and ACE2 protein levels of patients with diabetic nephropathy were significantly higher than those of kidney donors (4.90 ± 2.55% vs. 2.64 ± 0.98%, p = 0.022, and 7.40 ± 3.36% vs. 4.37 ± 2.36%, p = 0.017, respectively). The tubulointerstitial ACE at the protein level, however, was similar between diabetic patients and controls (8.76 ± 4.18% vs. 10.44 ± 6.61%, p = 0.453), and the tubulointerstitial ACE2 at the protein level was significantly lower in diabetic nephropathy (16.48 ± 7.68% vs. 23.23 ± 7.65%, p = 0.025). Conclusion: The mRNA expression of ACE and ACE2 increased in both the glomerular and tubulointerstitial area of diabetic nephropathy. However, the tubulointerstitial ACE expression at the protein level remained unchanged, while that of ACE2 actually decreased. Our results suggest a posttranscriptional modulation of tubulointerstitial ACE and ACE2 expression. Experimental data of intrarenal mRNA expression of ACE and ACE2 should be interpreted with caution.
Urban Land and Housing Markets in the Punjab, Pakistan

Well-functioning urban land and housing markets are critical success factors for achieving robust economic growth. This paper provides an overview of urban land and housing market performance in Punjab Province of Pakistan. It describes the characteristics of well-functioning markets and argues that the Punjab’s present markets are not performing adequately. In fact, there exists a range of impediments to efficient urban land and housing market performance: excessive public land ownership, inadequate infrastructure services, weak property rights, pervasive public- and private-sector rent seeking, counter-productive urban planning policies and regulations, costly sub-division and construction regulations, limited financing for property development and acquisition, rent controls and inadequate property-tax-based revenue-generating mechanisms. The paper concludes by suggesting that a prioritised comprehensive reform agenda is needed to improve urban land and housing market performance in Punjab Province. The analytical and conceptual approach used to research this paper is based on standard neo-classical economics. Therefore, the paper does not address broader political economy or structural issues. Consequently, the paper’s contribution should be viewed as limited in scope.
Doing Sport in a Headscarf ? German Sport and Turkish Females

“Sport is best played in a club,” “Ali is on our side,” “Sport is international”—these and similar slogans are designed to encourage foreigners living in Germany to join a sport club. This interest of German sport organizations in attracting immigrants has a variety of aims. First, everybody living in Germany ought to have the chance of making use of the potentially positive effects of physical activities, such as improving health, establishing social networks, and having just pure fun. Further, sport can be used as a means of socialization and as a way of helping foreign people to adapt to the mainstream culture of the country in which they live. Moreover, sport organizations and officials hope that sporting activities, especially among young people, can contribute towards reducing deviant behavior and even violence. However, sport officials and the public seldom either question whether adaptation and integration is indeed the right goal for immigrants or consider that this kind of advertisement only attracts males, Sport fits in with their ideas and their ideals of masculinity, with their life circumstances, and with their habitus in Bourdieu’s sense of the term. A number of studies confirm our everyday knowledge that sport plays an important role in the lives of many male immigrants, especially Turks. But is sport attractive for immigrant girls and women? And what do we know about the sporting activities of female immigrants?
Allograft Tolerance CXCL16/CXCR6 in NKT Cell Trafficking in Cutting Edge: Critical Role of

It is well-documented that certain chemokines or their receptors play important roles in the graft rejection. How-ever, the roles of chemokines and their receptors in the maintenance of transplantation tolerance remain un-clear. In this study, we demonstrate that blocking of the interaction between the chemokine receptor, CXCR6, highly expressed on V (cid:1) 14 (cid:2) NKT cells and its ligand, CXCL16, resulted in the failure to maintain graft tolerance and thus in the induction of acceleration of graft rejection. In a mouse transplant tolerance model, the expression of CXCL16 was up-regulated in the tolerated allografts, and anti-CXCL16 mAb inhibited intragraft accumulation of NKT cells. In vitro experiments further showed that blocking of CXCL16/CXCR6 interaction significantly affected not only chemotaxis but also cell adhesion of NKT cells. These results demonstrate the unique role of CXCL16 and CXCR6 molecules in the maintenance of cardiac allograft tolerance mediated by NKT cells. The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 175: 2051–2055.
Autologous stem cell transplantation in the treatment of adults with acute myeloid leukaemia

Most adult patients under 60 years with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) who achieve a complete remission after induction chemotherapy will relapse if they do not receive further therapy. Consolidation treatment with autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) is one option that has been studied extensively. High‐dose cytotoxic therapy followed by autologous SCT or intensive cycles of chemotherapy furnish overall approximately similar probabilities of survival when applied in first remission. Here, we present a concise update regarding the place of autologous SCT in the treatment of AML. Particular issues discussed are the value of autologous SCT in different prognostic subsets of AML and the value of autologous mobilised peripheral blood stem cell transplants, which offer a much faster haematopoietic recovery.
The Effects of e-Business on Supply Management

The exploitation of e-business has become one of the primary conditions of doing business in the current business environment. Companies have moved to web-based business to business platforms where transactions are done efficiently and in a fast pace. The importance of e-business technology has grown significantly in supply management as well. Therefore, this study examines the effects of e-business on supply management using data collected from 100 Finnish firms. Moreover, light is shed on the targets of e-business and the changes caused by e-business in supply management and how these changes have influenced the firm’s competitive and bargaining positions. The results of the study show that the main targets of e-business in supply management are cost and time savings and process development. It was also found that ebusiness has caused changes in supply chains and networks in terms of bargaining and competitive position.
Intracoronary propofol attenuates myocardial but not coronary endothelial dysfunction after brief ischaemia and reperfusion in dogs.

We have investigated the effects of propofol on recovery of regional mechanical and coronary endothelial function and on lipid peroxidation in post-ischaemic myocardium in dogs. The animals were assessed for 180 min during reperfusion after 15-min of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). They were treated with intracoronary (i.c.) propofol 5 or 20 micrograms/ml of coronary flow or vehicle (control group) for 60 min, beginning 30 min before LAD occlusion. Propofol significantly enhanced recovery of regional contractile function (70% and 81% of baseline segment shortening in the propofol 5 and 20 micrograms ml-1 groups, respectively, compared with 51% in controls at 3 h of reperfusion). However, LAD flow responses to i.c. acetylcholine were similarly attenuated regardless of treatment with propofol throughout reperfusion. The increase in malondialdehyde induced by ischaemia-reperfusion was significantly suppressed by both doses of propofol. These results demonstrated that in vivo, propofol ameliorated dysfunction of the myocardium but not of the coronary endothelium resulting from brief ischaemia and reperfusion; the protection may be related, at least in part, to its ability to reduce lipid peroxidation.
Diagnosing Endometrial Hyperplasia: Why is it so Difficult to Agree?

Current World Health Organization classification of endometrial hyperplasia is problematic because of poor diagnostic reproducibility. We sought to determine factors that cause diagnostic disagreement in a review of 2601 endometrial specimens. Blinded random specimens of normal endometrium, hyperplasias, and carcinoma were reviewed by 2 pathologists, with review by a third pathologist in cases with disagreement. All cases of endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma were scored for degree of glandular crowding, architectural complexity, and cytologic atypia. Sample adequacy, hyperplasia volume, presence of metaplasia, or endometrial polyp were also scored. The overall κ for agreement was 0.71, with a lower κ of 0.36 when cases called “no hyperplasia” were excluded. The percent specific agreement was 90.3% for no hyperplasia, 31.1% for simple hyperplasia, 51.1% for complex hyperplasia, 49.8% for atypical hyperplasia, and 57.5% for adenocarcinoma. Cases categorized as “low volume hyperplasia” had more diagnostic disagreement than “high volume,” (62% vs. 39%, P=0.003). Similarly, cases called “scant” had more diagnostic disagreement than “not scant” (65% vs. 57%, P=0.013). The histologic feature associated with the most diagnostic disagreement was cytologic atypia (P<0.0001). Architectural crowding, architectural complexity, or the presence of a polyp were all associated with diagnostic disagreement (P<0.0001). High diagnostic disagreement in endometrial hyperplasia is related to both sample adequacy and interpretation of histologic features present. Although obtaining additional tissue may increase diagnostic reproducibility, differences in interpretation of key histologic features like cytologic atypia remain major factors contributing to diagnostic disagreement.
20.3 A 100nA-to-2mA successive-approximation digital LDO with PD compensation and sub-LSB duty control achieving a 15.1ns response time at 0.5V

Modern subthreshold SoC designs feature multiple power domains to dynamically track the maximum energy-efficiency point (0.32–0.45V [1]) in response to application demands. While analog low-drop-out (LDO) regulators have shown rapid response times (e.g. TR = 0.65ns [2]) and excellent steady-state performance, they fail to operate at the low input voltages, VIN, typically supplied to such SoCs via either a high-efficiency switching DC-DC converter or an external harvesting source (e.g., VIN = 0.5V). On the other hand, digital LDOs (DLDOs) are becoming popular in low-voltage SoC designs where they can operate reliably from supplies down to 0.5V. However, conventional DLDOs respond slowly to large current steps, especially at low voltages (e.g., TR = ∼44ns, 57.1ns, and 4µs at VIN=1V [3–5], and 20µs at VIN=0.5V [1]). Furthermore, they suffer from limited dynamic range over which the load is regulated and stable (e.g. < 50× [1,4,5]) and occupy a large active area due to barrel-shifter-based control. While slow response can be mitigated with a higher sampling frequency, fs, this comes at increased power consumption and, importantly, reduced loop stability. To address these issues, this paper presents a 0.5V 0.0023mm2 recursive all-digital LDO (RLDO) in 65nm with hybrid PD-SAR and PWM duty control that achieves 15.1ns and 100ns response and settling times, respectively, while maintaining 5.6mV/mA load regulation and loop stability across a 20,000× dynamic load range, eclipsing state-of-the-art active area, response time, settling time, and dynamic range metrics across prior-art digital LDOs by over an order of magnitude.
PREDICTIVE MEDICINE. IX. DIET

A unique feature in a predictive medicine program is the role of diet in the prediction of classical disease. Examples are given of the relationships between diet and the clinical state, the electrocardiographic P1 wave, and the biochemical state. Countless dietary interrelationships are based on the link‐ages between nutritional substances, metabolic reactions, and hormones.
Structural conditions for disturbances decoupling with stability using proportional and derivative control laws

We consider the disturbance decoupling problem with internal stability by means of generalized control laws which use not only state feedback, but also external terms coming from the disturbance and some of its time derivatives. We derive from our previous geometric condition an equivalent one in terms of some structures of the system to be controlled (zeros at infinity and unstable zeros), and no longer dependent on a particular approach (geometric, algebraic, .).
A systematic review of atypical antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia.

Authors' objectives The main objectives were to assess the clinical effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of 'atypical' antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia in comparison with conventional antipsychotic drugs, placebo and other atypical antipsychotic drugs. The secondary objectives of the review were to investigate response in those with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, with predominantly negative symptoms or experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia.
Evaluation of articular cartilage progenitor cells for the repair of articular defects in an equine model.

BACKGROUND We sought to determine the effectiveness of chondroprogenitor cells derived from autologous and allogenic articular cartilage for the repair of cartilage defects in an equine model. METHODS Cartilage defects (15 mm) were created on the medial trochlear ridge of the femur. The following experimental treatments were compared with empty-defect controls: fibrin only, autologous chondroprogenitor cells plus fibrin, and allogenic chondroprogenitor cells plus fibrin (n = 4 or 12 per treatment). Horses underwent strenuous exercise throughout the twelve-month study, and evaluations included lameness (pain) and arthroscopic, radiographic, gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS Arthroscopy and microscopy indicated that defects in the autologous cell group had significantly better repair tissue compared with defects in the fibrin-only and control groups. Repair tissue quality in the allogenic cell group was not superior to that in the fibrin-only group with the exception of the percentage of type-II collagen, which was greater. Radiographic changes in the allogenic cell group were poorer on average than those in the autologous cell group. Autologous cells significantly reduced central osteophyte formation compared with fibrin alone. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the arthroscopic, radiographic, and histologic scores, autologous cells in fibrin yielded better results than the other treatments; allogenic cells cannot be recommended at this time.
Learning to Value Annuities: The Role of Information and Engagement

Using an online experimental survey we investigate perception (in terms of understanding, riskiness and control) and valuation (elicited using iterative multiple price lists) of lifetime annuities relative to flexible drawdown products. We find that for those participants who are engaged with the experimental tasks information provision can substantially reduce or eliminate be-havioral drivers of the complex task of valuation of annuities. Providing balanced information and multiple opportunities to learn about the key features of the products, including impact of potential outcomes, narrows the gap between the willingness to pay and willingness to accept, and, offsets the effects of low financial capability, information framing and real world institutional settings.
The Impact of Private Equity and Venture Capital Funds on Post-IPO Operational and Financial Performance in Brazilian Invested Companies

The present article seeks to analyze the legacy and its persistence over time in terms of financing and operational policies and financial performance, of companies invested by Private Equity and Venture Capital funds (PE/VC). The PE/VC industry is characterized by the function of identifying companies with large return potentials and that grow arithmetically – due to capital constraints – to provide adequate and necessary sources of capital and experience for exponential growth. In this study, we used four measures that relate to companies’ financial policies and their persistence over time: i) cash & equivalents; ii) leverage; iii) Return on Assets (ROA); and iv) sales growth. The results suggest that PE / VC invested companies imply higher levels of cash & equivalents and are associated with a lower level of leverage during the first 5 years after the IPO. In addition, companies financed by PE/VC funds show higher profitability and higher sales growth compared to non-invested companies in the short term, i.e., in the first 3 years after the IPO.
Neuroendocrine (Merkel) Cell Tumors of the Canine Oral Cavity

testinal lesions and disease, in pigs. Similar findings in calves have been reported. *-‘ The absence of reports on Chlamydia causing intestinal disease in pigs, and the coexistence with S. typhimurium, suggests a low intestinal pathogenicity of Chlamydia alone in pigs. The coexistence of Chlamydia and Salmonella at the enterocyte level might facilitate the destructive or invasive capacity of either one of the pathogens, thus enabling Chlamydia to invade enterocytes being altered by Salmonella, or enabling Salmonella to more easily destroy the enterocytes containing Chlamydia. The S. typhimurium strain used in these experiments caused mild, transient diarrhea in the first week post-inoculation. The coexistence of S. typhimurium and Chlamydia might have caused a severe and extensive pseudomembranous enteritis. 3
Evolution of control of cross-listed companies

There are two theories on the determinants of the control structure of the firm. The first theory postulates that the control structure is determined by company-specific characteristics. The second theory emphasises the importance of institutional characteristics in shaping this structure. In this paper, we test the validity of both theories in the context of a cross-listing, which causes a change to the company's legal environment. We find that the initial control structure, risk and size determine the control structure post cross-listing and that cross-listing on better quality markets facilitates the evolution of control towards more dispersed control. To conclude, company characteristics have a greater impact than country characteristics on the company's decision to cross-list and are also better at explaining the change in the control structure post cross-listing.
HIV-1 Alters Intestinal Expression of Drug Transporters and Metabolic Enzymes: Implications for Antiretroviral Drug Disposition

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of HIV-1 infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the expression of intestinal drug efflux transporters, i.e., P-glycoprotein (Pgp), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and metabolic enzymes, such as cytochrome P450s (CYPs), in the human upper intestinal tract. Intestinal biopsy specimens were obtained from HIV-negative healthy volunteers, ART-naive HIV-positive (HIV+) subjects, and HIV+ subjects receiving ART (10 in each group). Intestinal tissue expression of drug transporters and metabolic enzymes was examined by microarray, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qPCR), and immunohistochemistry analyses. Microarray analysis demonstrated significantly lower expression of CYP3A4 and ABCC2/MRP2 in the HIV+ ART-naive group than in uninfected subjects. qPCR analysis confirmed significantly lower expression of ABCC2/MRP2 in ART-naive subjects than in the control group, while CYP3A4 and ABCG2/BCRP showed a trend toward decreased expression. Protein expression of MRP2 and BCRP was also significantly lower in the HIV+ naive group than in the control group and was partially restored to baseline levels in HIV+ subjects receiving ART. In contrast, gene and protein expression of ABCB1/Pgp was significantly increased in HIV+ subjects on ART relative to HIV+ ART-naive subjects. These data demonstrate that the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters is significantly altered in therapy-naive HIV+ subjects and in those receiving ART. Since CYP3A4, Pgp, MRPs, and BCRP metabolize or transport many antiretroviral drugs, their altered expression with HIV infection may negatively impact drug pharmacokinetics in HIV+ subjects. This has clinical implications when using data from healthy volunteers to guide ART.