Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Interest Rate and Stock Price: Empirical Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries

Stock exchange and interest rate are two crucial factors of economic growth of a country. The impacts of interest rate on stock exchange provide important implications for monitory policy, risk management practices, financial securities valuation and government policy towards financial markets. This study seeks evidence supporting the existence of share market efficiency based on the monthly data from January 1988 to March 2003 and also shows empirical relationship between stock index and interest rate for fifteen developed and developing countries- Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Germany, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippine, S. Africa, Spain, and Venezuela. Stationarity of market return is tested and found none of this stock market follows random walk model, means not efficient in weak form. To investigate the reasons of market inefficiency, relationship between share price and interest rate, and changes of share price and changes of interest rate were determined through both time series and panel regressions. For all of the countries it is found that interest rate has significant negative relationship with share price and for six countries it is found that changes of interest rate has significant negative relationship with changes of share price. So, if the interest rate is considerably controlled for these countries, it will be the great benefit of these countries’ stock exchange through demand pull way of more investors in share market, and supply push way of more extensional investment of companies.
A comparative study of breast cancer in the black and white populations of two inner‐city hospitals

A comparative study of breast cancer was made among black and white populations admitted to two inner‐city hospitals from 1971 through 1976, inclusive. There were 306 patients in the study group of which 162 were black and 144 were white. Age, sex, color, duration of illness, different quadrants of breast involved, staging of cancer, histological diagnosis, treatment given, and incidence of recurrence were studied in each group. A statistically higher incidence of cancer of the breast was found among the black patients in the groups aged 30–50 years and 70–80 years, as compared to the white population. All other parameters studied showed no statistical differences.
Hematological parameters and coronary collateral circulation in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND Although hematological parameters have been associated with prognosis in patients with various cardiovascular diseases, their relationship with coronary collateral (CC) circulation in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between hematological parameters and CC vessel development in patients with stable CAD. METHODS A total of 96 patients who underwent coronary angiography were retrospectively enrolled. All study participants had at least one occluded major coronary artery. Development of CCs was classified using the method of Rentrop. Rentrop grades of 0 and 1 indicate poor CCs, whereas grades 2 and 3 indicate good CCs. Hematological parameters, including mean platelet volume (MPV) and neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio, were measured. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent variables. RESULTS The MPV and N/L ratio were significantly higher in the poor CC group compared with the good CC group. Negative correlations were found in the analyses comparing Rentrop score with MPV and N/L ratio (r=-0.274; P=0.012 and r=-0.339; P=0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the N/L ratio was independently related to CC circulation (OR 0.762 [95% CI 0.587 to 0.988]; P=0.04). CONCLUSION The results suggest that N/L ratio and MPV are associated with poor CCs, and a high N/L ratio is a significant predictor of poor CC development in patients with stable CAD.
Cytogenetic Analysis in Down Syndrome

Abstract Clinically diagnosed Down syndrome cases are referred for karyotyping and counseling. Data on incidence patterns of the 3 cytogenetic types of Down syndrome from the cases seen during the duration of 35 years is presented. Chromosomes were examined after G-banded technique of peripheral lymphocyte cultures. For each patient, in addition to the detailed case history in the proforma 15 metaphases were examined and in cases of mosaicism, the count was increased to 25 to 50 metaphases for analysis. A total of 874 cases were confirmed to have the karyotype of Down syndrome. 509 were male probands (58.24%) and 365 (41.76%) were female cases. The most common was free trisomy 21 in 759 (86.9%), translocation in 77 (8.8%) and mosaicism in 38 (4.3%) cases. Robertsonian translocation 14;21 (48;62.34%) was prevalent among the 77 cases with translocation and the remaining 29 cases had the translocation of chromosome 21 either to chromosomes 1 (1) or 15(2) or 21 (26). The sex ratio has indicated the prevalence of the males for the total sample (1.41:1) (509: 365) as well as for the 3 basic cytogenetic types of DS. Included in the male trisomy 21 are the 2 cases with Klinefelter syndrome (KFS)(48,XXY+21) and one with de novo Robertsonian translocation between chromosomes 13 and 14.
The Leaky Pipeline: Factors Associated With Early Decline in Interest in Premedical Studies Among Underrepresented Minority Undergraduate Students

Purpose To determine the causes among underrepresented racial and ethnic minority groups (URM) of a decline in interest during the undergraduate years in pursuing a career in medicine. Method From fall 2002 through 2007, the authors conducted a longitudinal study of 362 incoming Stanford freshmen (23% URM) who indicated on a freshman survey that they hoped to become physicians. Using a 10-point scale of interest, the authors measured the change in students' levels of interest in continuing premedical studies between the beginning of freshman year and the end of sophomore year. Follow-up interviews were conducted with 68 participants, approximately half of whom had experienced decreases in interest in continuing as premeds, and half of whom who had experienced increases in interest. Results URM students showed a larger decline in interest than did non-URM students; women showed a larger decline than did men, independent of race or ethnicity. The authors found no association between scholastic ability as measured by SAT scores and changes in level of interest. The principal reason given by students for their loss of interest in continuing as premeds was a negative experience in one or more chemistry courses. Students also identified problems in the university's undergraduate advising system as a contributor. Conclusions Largely because of negative experiences with chemistry classes, URM students and women show a disproportionate decline in interest in continuing in premedical studies, with the result that fewer apply to medical school.
Decreased production of TNF and IL‐6 in whole blood of CLL patients

Monocyte derived cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), were determined in cell free plasma after stimulation of heparinized whole blood from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 1 μg/ml for 6 hr. Compared to control donors (390 U/ml), CLL patients in average had eight‐fold lower levels of TNF bioactivity (50 U/ml). The depressed levels were observed over a wide range of LPS concentrations (0.01 to 10 μg/ml). Furthermore, after stimulation with S. aureus bacteria, CLL samples gave three‐fold lower levels, as well. TNF levels were not decreased because of defective bioactivity of TNF, since strongly reduced levels of TNF protein were also detected in an immunoassay. Finally, interleukin‐6 levels after LPS stimulation were decreased threefold.
Testing estrogenicity of known and novel (xeno‐)estrogens in the MolDarT using developing zebrafish (Danio rerio)

The MolDarT is a novel short‐term assay for testing mechanism‐based molecular effects in developing zebrafish embryos. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inducibility of vitellogenin1 mRNA (Vtg1) by the estrogenically active compounds 17β‐Estradiol (E2), 17α‐Ethinylestradiol (EE2), Nonylphenol (NP), Bisphenol A (BPA), Cyproconazol, and the suspected xeno‐estrogen Atrazin in the MolDarT. Freshly fertilized zebrafish eggs were exposed semistatically for 120 h. Using reverse transcription real‐time PCR, the relative abundance of Vtg1 was measured. For EE2 a dose‐response relationship was established with EC50 = 60.7 ng/L (205 pM). Induction of Vtg1 was significant at concentrations of 84 pM EE2 (25 ng EE2/L) and above, 10 nM E2 (2.7 μg E2/L), 100 nM E2 (27 μg E2/L), 10 μM BPA (2280 μg BPA/L), and 15 μM BPA (3420 μg BPA/L). At NP concentrations of 0.75 μM (165 μg NP/L) and 1.5 μM (330 μg NP/L) Vtg1 was significantly down‐regulated. Both atrazine and cyproconazol showed no effect on relative Vtg1 abundance. With this study we further characterize the MolDarT assay and show its applicability for effect screening of compounds. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 22: 185–193, 2007.
OGLE-2013-SN-079: A LONELY SUPERNOVA CONSISTENT WITH A HELIUM SHELL DETONATION

We present observational data for a peculiar supernova discovered by the OGLE-IV survey and followed by the Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey for Transient Objects. The inferred redshift of z = 0.07 implies an absolute magnitude in the rest-frame I-band of MI ∼ −17.6 mag. This places it in the luminosity range between normal Type Ia SNe and novae. Optical and near infrared spectroscopy reveal mostly Ti and Ca lines, and an unusually red color arising from strong depression of flux at rest wavelengths <5000 Å. To date, this is the only reported SN showing Ti-dominated spectra. The data are broadly consistent with existing models for the pure detonation of a helium shell around a low-mass CO white dwarf and “double-detonation” models that include a secondary detonation of a CO core following a primary detonation in an overlying helium shell.
Myofibroblastoma of the Breast: Sixteen Cases of a Distinctive Benign Mesenchymal Tumor

The clinical and pathologic findings of 16 examples of a distinctive stromal tumor of the breast designated as“myofibroblastoma” are reported. Eleven of the 16 patients were men, and the average age at presentation was 63 years. Fourteen were treated by local excision and two by simple mastectomy. None of the lesions recurred or metastasized. The tumors were grossly nodular and welldemarcated from the surrounding mammary tissue. Ducts and lobules were not engulfed by the neoplasm. Microscopically, the lesions were formed by uniform, slender, bipolar spindle cells haphazardly arranged in fascicular clusters separated by broad bands of hyalinized collagen. Ultrastructural examination of four lesions identified a predominance of myofibroblasts. Immunoreactivity for S-100 protein and cytokeratin was absent in the 10 tumors examined, but desmin immunoreactivity was focally present in three lesions. The differential diagnosis of myofibroblastoma includes reactive processes and benign neoplasms such as nodular and proliferative fascititis, fibromatosis, spindle-cell lipoma, neurofibroma, neurilemmoma, and leiomyoma. Malignant neoplasms such as stromal sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and spindle-cell or metaplastic carcinoma should not be confused with a myofibroblastoma. The clinical significance of this entity lies primarily in its recognition as a distinctive benign neoplasm.
Sex differences in self-perceived employability and self-motivated strategies for learning in Polish first-year students

Self-perceived employability (SPE) is defined as the ability to attain sustainable employment appropriate to one’s qualification level (Rothwell 2008) and perceived as a crucial factor in university graduates’ career development. Meanwhile, University students are mainly assessed through the lens of academic achievement, which depend, inter alia, on the self-motivated strategies for learning (MSL). Firstly, we tested hypothesised sex differences in SPE’s and MSL’s factors in a group of the first-year university students (n = 600) in a Central European context. Our analyses revealed that female students, despite their higher results in MSL’s factors (self-regulation, learning strategies, intrinsic values, self-efficacy) presented lower internal SPE than male students. Secondly, we explored how much general SPE can be predicted from general MSL, taking into account sex as a moderator, finding that sex factor was not significant as a moderator. We can consider general MSL as a good predictor of general SPE in both sex groups. The results will provide evidence to support HEI curricular development and strategies for workplace attitude change to address existing sex inequalities. In addition, our findings relating to MSL will provide evidence to support the development of approaches to enhancing student employability with additional long term benefits in mental health and well-being.
Vaccinating premature infants in a Special Care Baby Unit in the UK: results of a prospective, non-inferiority based, pragmatic case series study

Premature infants are at greater risk of infections in part because of impaired functioning of external barriers, innate and adaptive systems. For similar immunological reasons, diminished responses to particular vaccines have also been reported. This study, utilising a prospective, pragmatic case series approach was designed to show non-inferiority of antibody response in premature infants to diphtheria, tetanus, Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate (Hib), meningococcal C conjugate (MenC) and pneumococcal conjugate (PnC) vaccines between immunization in a routine clinical situation rather than a vaccine trial. A secondary objective was to determine the effect of gestational age on antibody response to these vaccines. The case series comprised 131 infants born at ≤ 32 weeks gestation and managed on the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of a District General Hospital in Stockport, UK. For diphtheria and tetanus, 98.3% and 100% of premature infants respectively developed a minimum protective antibody response; 86.6% were protected against Men C. However, only 67.8% preterm infants achieved anti-polyribosylribitolphosphate (PRP) antibodies >0. 15μg against Hib, with only 34.7% having a level ≥1. 0μg, and responses to the different pneumococcal serogroups ranged from 67.5% against serotype 6B to 92.5% against serogroup 19F. In comparison to term infants, preterm infants were less likely to achieve protective levels against MenC and Hib: there were no significant differences in the proportions of infants protected against diphtheria and tetanus. Protection was inferior to expected based on published premature infant clinical trial data for Hib and particular pneumococcal serotypes; data for Men C were also lower than expected.
Endangered childhoods: how consumerism is impacting child and youth identity

Modern-day children are immersed in cultures of consumption such that every aspect of their lives is touched by a buy-and-consume modality. In particular, children in North America are increasingly experiencing the effects of consumer culture at unprecedented levels of involvement. It becomes necessary, therefore, to examine the impact of consumerism in order to assess identity formation and development in youth. Young people are receiving an endless barrage of material messages encouraging purchasing behavior and consumption that impacts the self-image. Indeed, children from the ages of 4 to 12 have increasingly been defined and viewed by their spending capacity. Girls especially are targeted by marketers to sell them a whole line of products they ‘need’ to emulate a feminine ideal. There is mounting evidence to suggest that the structure of childhood is eroding and children are suffering from serious physical, emotional and social deficits directly related to consumerism.
An online social network to increase walking in dog owners: a randomized trial.

PURPOSE Encouraging dog walking may increase physical activity in dog owners. This cluster-randomized controlled trial investigated whether a social networking Web site (Meetup™) could be used to deliver a multicomponent dog walking intervention to increase physical activity. METHODS Sedentary dog owners (n = 102) participated. Eight neighborhoods were randomly assigned to the Meetup™ condition (Meetup™) or a condition where participants received monthly e-mails with content from the American Heart Association regarding increasing physical activity. The Meetup™ intervention was delivered over 6 months and consisted of newsletters, dog walks, community events, and an activity monitor. The primary outcome was steps; secondary outcomes included social support for walking, sense of community, perceived dog walking outcomes, barriers to dog walking, and feasibility of the intervention. RESULTS Mixed-model analyses examined change from baseline to postintervention (6 months) and whether change in outcomes differed by condition. Daily steps increased over time (P = 0.04, d = 0.28), with no differences by condition. The time-condition interaction was significant for the perceived outcomes of dog walking (P = 0.04, d = 0.40), such that the Meetup™ condition reported an increase in the perceived positive outcomes of dog walking, whereas the American Heart Association condition did not. Social support, sense of community, and dog walking barriers did not significantly change. Meetup™ logins averaged 58.38 per week (SD, 11.62). Within 2 months of the intervention ending, organization of the Meetup™ groups transitioned from the study staff to Meetup™ members. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that a Meetup™ group is feasible for increasing physical activity in dog owners. Further research is needed to understand how to increase participation in the Meetup™ group and facilitate greater connection among dog owners.
Integration of Cholinesterase , cortisol and blood glucose in the fish , Labeo rohita as biomarkers of pollution

P * PChairman, Bihar State Environment Impact Assessment Authority, Govt. of India & Corresponding Author 1. Abstract: Signal transduction by xenobiotics in fish has gained much attention in the recent decade. Organophosphates and carbamates bind specifically to the membrane bound enzyme acetylcholinesterase affecting neural transmission. Since nervous system is one of the important physiological systems in animals, hypofunction of nervous system leads to secondary hypothalamic functions. Even low levels of xenobiotics are sufficient enough to bring about remarkable changes in the functional physiology of fish. In the present study, sub-lethal acute toxicity of methyl parathion in fish, Labeo rohita was assessed using an integration of biomarkers namely acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, cortisol and glucose. These biomarkers were selected as indicators of key physiological functions in the fish Labeo rohita as a function of methyl parathion. These biochemical endpoints could therefore be recommended to the policy makers in India for using these biomarkers of pollution to be used as complementary parameters in the assessment of water quality.
Linguistic significance of babbling: evidence from a tracheostomized infant

ABSTRACT The role of babbling in language development is not well understood. One source of evidence is the utterances of infants who were tracheostomized during the period in which they would normally have produced syllabic vocalization. We describe here the phonetic patterns and linguistic development of a girl called Jenny. She was tracheostomized and generally aphonic from 0;5–1;8 but cognitively and socially normal, with near-normal comprehension of language. Acoustic analyses of Jenny's utterances following decannulation revealed a tenth of the canonical syllables which might be expected in normally developing infants, an extremely small inventory of consonant-like segments, and a marked preference for labial obstruents. In these ways, she resembled a group of infants of the same age who also cannot hear their oral-motor movements, the congenitally deaf, suggesting that the audibility of babbling contributes to its onset. Two months following decannulation, when Jenny was 1;10, she produced only a handful of different words. We think this is because aphonia prevented her from discovering the referential value of vocal expression and discouraged the formation of a phonetic repertoire that could be appropriated for lexical service. This unusual case suggests that babbling normally facilitates the development of language and speech.
Lymphokine Expression Profile Pathology While Maintaining the Same Mice, Fail to Develop Granulomatous KO Knockout (KO) Mice, in Contrast to IL-4 Schistosome-Infected IL-4 Receptor

Th2 lymphocytes have been postulated to play a major role in the immunopathology induced by Schistosoma mansoni infection. Nevertheless, infected IL-4 knockout (KO) and wild-type (wt) mice develop egg granulomas comparable in size. To further investigate the function of the Th2 response in egg pathology we studied IL-4R a -deﬁcient mice, which are nonresponsive to both IL-4 and IL-13. In striking contrast to IL-4 KO animals, infected IL-4R a KO mice developed only minimal hepatic granulomas and ﬁbrosis despite the presence of CD3 1 T cells in the residual egg lesions. Moreover, liver lymphokine mRNA levels in these animals and IL-4 KO mice were equivalent. In addition, infected IL-4R a -deﬁcient, IL-4-deﬁcient, and wt animals developed similar egg Ag-speciﬁc IgG Ab titers, arguing that CD4-dependent Th activity is intact in KO mice. As expected, IFN- g secretion was strongly up-regulated in mesenteric lymph node cultures from both groups of deﬁcient animals, a change reﬂected in increased serum IgG2a and IgG2b Ab levels. Surprisingly, Th2 cytokine production in infected IL-4R a KO mice was not abolished but was only reduced and resembled that previously documented in IL-4 KO animals. This residual Th2 response is likely to explain the ability of IL-4 KO mice to generate egg granulomas, which cannot be formed in IL-4R a -deﬁcient animals because of their lack of responsiveness to the same cytokine ligands. Taken together, these ﬁndings argue that tissue pathology
Measurement of H2AX Phosphorylation as a Marker of Ionizing Radiation Induced Cell Damage

Cancer therapy often involves drugs or radiation, which induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and cause death of tumor cells. A dilemma with radiation and chemotherapy is the narrow therapeutic window and the fact that the sensitivity to DNA damage varies greatly in the human population, resulting in severe side effects and therapy-related deaths. Radiation and chemotherapy are usually planned during 1-3 weeks and delivered over a period of weeks to months. DNA damage testing of the patient could therefore be performed as part of the therapy planning. The level of DNA damage and DNA repair capacity could be measured after the first dose of chemotherapy or radiation, to allow personalized dosing during the following weeks of treatment. Induction of DSBs is followed by rapid formation of gamma-H2AX foci, with thousands of H2AX molecules being phosphorylated in the chromatin flanking the DSB site. Gamma-H2AX foci, each representing one radiation-induced DSB, can be measured by flow cytometry or counted in cell nuclei by fluorescence microscopy. In this chapter we will focus on radiation-induced DNA damage and its biological effects. We will also describe available methods for gammaH2AX detection and discuss its possible use in clinical practice.