Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adjunctive chemotherapeutic suppression of mutans streptococci in the setting of severe early childhood caries: an exploratory study.

OBJECTIVES This investigational study assessed the suppressive effect of 10 percent povidone iodine (PI) coupled with elimination of active carious lesions on salivary mutans streptococci (MS) populations in children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). METHODS 77 children (38 females, 39 males) were treated for S- ECC in one session; a 0.2 ml PI solution was applied to the dentition after dental surgery was completed and immediately wiped off. The subjects aged from 2 to 5 years (mean = 3.78 years) at baseline. Whole nonstimulated saliva samples were obtained at baseline, 30 days, 60 days, and 90 days post dental surgery. Samples were placed on ice and processed within 2 hours. The MS level in each sample was expressed as colony forming units (CFUs) per ml of saliva. RESULTS Approximately 50 percent of subjects had a >95 percent reduction in CFU/ml of saliva at each time point after baseline. The percentages of subjects with a >50 percent reduction in MS level were 85 percent at 30 days, 83 percent at 60 days, 84 percent at 90 days. The median (25th, 75th percentiles) CFUs/ml of saliva counts were 8.40 x 10(5) (1.49 x 10(5), 5.00 x 10(6)) at baseline (n= 77), 4.12 x 10(4) (8.40 x 10(3), 1.89 x 10(5)) at 30 days (n = 74), 4.62 x 10(4) (7.00 x 10(3), 1.36 x 10(5)) at 60 days (n = 70), and 5.09 x 10(4) (1.16 x 10(4), 1.00 x 10(5)) at 90 days (n = 70). The changes from baseline to 30 days, 60 days, and 90 days were statistically significant (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS PI coupled with dental surgery has a significant suppressive effect on salivary MS levels in the setting of S-ECC for at least 90 days. These data strongly suggest that treatment with PI may be an important adjunct to dental surgery for S-ECC.
The effect of ethanol on asialoglycoprotein receptor—mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by rat hepatocytes

Apoptotic cell death is a well‐defined process that is controlled by intrinsic cellular mechanisms followed by the generation of apoptotic bodies and their subsequent rapid elimination through the action of phagocytic cells. Within the liver, the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP‐R) has been shown to be involved in the phagocytosis of apoptotic hepatocytes, as well as altered cellular endocytic events after ethanol administration. The goal of the present study was to further clarify the capacity of ASGP‐R to phagocytose apoptotic cells in relationship to the damaging events that occur with alcohol consumption. For these experiments, we used an in vitro suspension assay coupled with flow cytometry to measure apoptotic cell engulfment by rat hepatocytes after chronic ethanol administration. The results of this assay indicated that the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells was decreased significantly (30% to 42%, P < 0.05) in the presence of antibody specific for ASGP‐R as well as the introduction of competing sugars in the media. In addition, uptake of apoptotic cells was impaired by 40% to 60% (P < 0.05) in cells obtained from ethanol‐fed animals as compared with controls. In conclusion, the ASGP‐R is involved in the recognition and uptake of apoptotic cells and this process is altered significantly by ethanol treatment. These findings may play a role in a better understanding of the clinical manifestations of alcohol‐induced liver injury as altered uptake of apoptotic cells via ASGP‐R may result in the release of proinflammatory mediators, the introduction of autoimmune responses, and inflammatory injury to the tissue. (HEPATOLOGY2002;36:1478–1487).
Sunitinib Plus Erlotinib for the Treatment of Advanced/Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Lead-In Study

Background: This randomized, double-blind, multicenter study evaluated sunitinib plus erlotinib versus placebo plus erlotinib. Subjects with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer had received prior treatment with a platinum-based regimen. Here, we report safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of the combination of sunitinib and erlotinib. Methods: Lead-in subjects in this phase II study received sunitinib 37.5 mg/d and erlotinib 150 mg/d. Safety, including dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs, cohort 1 only), pharmacokinetic profiles, and antitumor activity were investigated (cohorts 1 and 2). Results: Thirty patients were evaluated. The combination of sunitinib and erlotinib was tolerable. Diarrhea (76.9%), fatigue (61.5%), and decreased appetite (53.8%) were the most frequent adverse events in cohort 1; and diarrhea (52.9%) and rash (41.2%) were the most frequent adverse events in cohort 2. DLTs were observed (fatigue, n = 2 and paronychial inflammation, n = 1) in three of 13 patients evaluated for DLTs. Geometric mean ratios for the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under plasma concentration–time profile from time 0 to 24 hours of erlotinib with and without sunitinib were 1.05 and 1.03, respectively. Corresponding values for sunitinib with and without erlotinib were 0.62 and 0.62 for sunitinib, 2.13 and 2.07 for SU12662; and 0.81 and 0.79 for total drug. Three patients experienced partial response as per response evaluation criteria in solid tumor. Conclusion: A dosage of sunitinib 37.5 mg/d concurrently with erlotinib 150 mg/d was tolerable and established the recommended combinatorial dose in subjects with platinum-refractory non–small-cell lung cancer. Coadministration of sunitinib with erlotinib does not affect the pharmacokinetics of erlotinib, but may result in decreased exposure to sunitinib.
Dynamic leg volume changes when sitting in a locked and free floating tilt oé ce chair

It is well established that prolonged sitting may lead to swelling of the lower extremities. However, activation of the vein pump system by repeated walking breaks or dynamic tiltable foot-rests have been shown to reduce foot and leg oedema. Some oé ce chairs incorporate tilt mechanisms facilitating movements of the body from the feet up. The present study was undertaken to establish whether a beneficial effect on the transcapillary fluid balance of the legs by enabling such mechanisms could be documented. An oé ce chair where the tilt mechanism could be locked or open was used for the study. The seat position and seat activity level was recorded by a transducer system developed for the study. Calf volume and calf muscle pump activity was detected by mercury strain gauge plethysmography. In the locked position there was a steady increase in volume of mean=1.2% (range=0.8–1.8%) for all participants in the 30-min study period. On the other hand, for all participants there was a decrease in calf volume (mean=0.7%, range=0.1–1.2%, p=0.008) when the tilt mechanism was open (30-min period), irrespective of what study period came first. The study showed that upward seat deflection was not associated with concomitant venous obstruction, since such obstruction was detected in less than 2% of the time period with more than 50% of maximal upward deflection. A locked seat mechanism does not prevent activation of the vein pump mechanism, but the study indicates that oé ce chairs that permit variation in seat angle per se stimulate movements of the leg. This, in turn, activates vein pumps and counteracts local oedema formation in seated working postures.
Random Graphs and Complex Networks

The advent of the computer age has incited an increasing interest in the fundamental properties of real-world networks. Due to the increased computational power, large data sets can now easily be stored and investigated, and this has had a profound impact on the empirical studies of large networks. As we explain in detail in this chapter, many real-world networks are small worlds and have large fluctuations in their degrees. These realizations have had fundamental implications for scientific research on networks. Network research is aimed to both to understand why many networks share these fascinating features, and also to investigate what the properties of these networks are in terms of the spread of diseases, routing information and ranking of the vertices present. The study of complex networks plays an increasingly important role in science. Examples of such networks are electrical power grids and telecommunication networks, social relations, the World-Wide Web and Internet, collaboration and citation networks of scientists, etc. The structure of such networks affects their performance. For instance, the topology of social networks affects the spread of information or disease (see, e.g., Strogatz (2001)). The rapid evolution and success of the Internet have spurred fundamental research on the topology of networks. See Barabási (2002) and Watts (2003) for expository accounts of the discovery of network properties by Barabási, Watts and co-authors. In Newman et al. (2006), you can find some of the original papers detailing the empirical findings of real-world networks and the network models invented for them. The introductory book by Newman (2010) lists many of the empirical properties of, and scientific methods for, networks. One common feature of complex networks is that they are large. As a result, a global description is utterly impossible, and researchers, both in the applications and in mathematics, have turned to their local description: how many vertices they have, by which local rules vertices connect to one another, etc. These local rules are probabilistic, reflecting the fact that there is a large amount of variability in how connections can be formed. Probability theory offers a highly effective way to deal with the complexity of networks, and leads us to consider random graphs. The simplest imaginable random graph is the Erdős-Rényi random
FRONTIER FIELDS CLUSTERS: DEEP CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF THE COMPLEX MERGER MACS J1149.6+2223

The Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields cluster MACS J1149.6+2223 is one of the most complex merging clusters, believed to consist of four dark matter halos. We present results from deep (365 ks) Chandra observations of the cluster, which reveal the most distant cold front (z = 0.544) discovered to date. In the cluster outskirts, we also detect hints of a surface brightness edge that could be the bow shock preceding the cold front. The substructure analysis of the cluster identified several components with large relative radial velocities, thus indicating that at least some collisions occur almost along the line of sight. The inclination of the mergers with respect to the plane of the sky poses significant observational challenges at X-ray wavelengths. MACS J1149.6+2223 possibly hosts a steep-spectrum radio halo. If the steepness of the radio halo is confirmed, then the radio spectrum, combined with the relatively regular ICM morphology, could indicate that MACS J1149.6+2223 is an old merging cluster.
Shear-weakening of the transitional regime for granular flow

This paper experimentally investigates the rheology of dense granular flow through itssolid-like to fluid-like transition. Between the well-established flow regimes – quasi-static and grain-inertial – the physical description of the transition remains elusive. Our experiment uses a top-rotating torsional shear cell capable of ± 1 μm accuracy in height and 5 decades (10−3 − 100 rad s−1) in rotation rate. The data on beach sand shows that shear and normal stresses exhibit an inverse rate-dependence under a controlledvolume environment in the transitional regime, while in the limiting regimes the results are in agreement with previous work. Theshear-weakening stresses illustrate a previouslyunknown ‘dip’ with increasingshear rate. Under a controlled-pressure environment, however, the shear-compacting volume-fraction ‘peaks’ with increasing shear-rate. We combine these results from both configurations to infer a constitutive law based on a rate-invariant granular fluid compressibility. The formulation provides an equation-of-state for dynamic granular systems, with state variables of pressure, strain rate and free-volume-fraction. Fitting parameters from independent constant-volume and constant-pressure data shows good agreement in validating our model. Moreover, the degree of grain jaggedness is essential to the rate-dependence within the transitional regime. The results on the solid–fluid transitionmay elucidate the evolution of granular flow anisotropies.
Depth Coherency Analysis for Strong Seismic Motions from KiK-Net

ABSTRACT Due to the limited number of seismic records in the soil and inefficient use of one-dimensional wave theory in the estimation of vertical components for seismic waves, this paper studies depth coherency (coherency between the surface seismic waves and that at depth) in order to describe seismic acceleration at different depths based on surface seismic acceleration signals. In this study, the authors utilized data from the KiK network to investigate the variability of seismic ground motions with depth and obtain a model to simulate coherency of depth-dependent ground motions. Furthermore, by using the methodology described in the Chinese Code for the Seismic Design of Buildings, the authors categorized a number of test locations based on the depth and shear velocity of the soil cover. Four different types of sites were defined and both the horizontal and vertical components of ground motion from strong motion seismometers were analyzed. The results show that there is no significant dependence between the estimated coherencies from different earthquake magnitudes or epicentral distance (less than 200 km). Moreover, the behavior of depth coherency is site-dependent and there are notable differences between horizontal and vertical depth coherency. In addition, existing spatial coherency models may not provide a satisfactory estimate of the variation of depth coherency.
Urinary angiotensinogen as a biomarker of chronic kidney disease: ready for prime time?

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MAD1 and p27KIP1 Cooperate To Promote Terminal Differentiation of Granulocytes and To Inhibit Myc Expression and Cyclin E-CDK2 Activity

ABSTRACT To understand how cellular differentiation is coupled to withdrawal from the cell cycle, we have focused on two negative regulators of the cell cycle, the MYC antagonist MAD1 and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27KIP1. Generation of Mad1/p27KIP1 double-null mice revealed a number of synthetic effects between the null alleles of Mad1 and p27KIP1, including embryonic lethality, increased proliferation, and impaired differentiation of granulocyte precursors. Furthermore, with granulocyte cell lines derived from the Mad1/p27KIP1 double-null mice, we observed constitutive Myc expression and cyclin E-CDK2 kinase activity as well as impaired differentiation following treatment with an inducer of differentiation. By contrast, similar treatment of granulocytes from Mad1 or p27KIP1 single-null mice resulted in differentiation accompanied by downregulation of both Myc expression and cyclin E-CDK2 kinase activity. In the double-null granulocytic cells, addition of a CDK2 inhibitor in the presence of differentiation inducer was sufficient to restore differentiation and reduce Myc levels. We conclude that Mad1 and p27KIP1 operate, at least in part, by distinct mechanisms to downregulate CDK2 activity and Myc expression in order to promote cell cycle exit during differentiation.
Effect of Reduction Mammaplasty on Sexual Activity

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of reduction mammaplasty operation on sexual functions of the patients with macromastia and of their partners. Materials and MethodsThirty-nine patients with macromastia and their partners were assessed for their sexual function before and 6 months after reduction mammaplasty. Sexual function of the women and their partners were evaluated using the Index of Female Sexual Function (IFSF) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), respectively. Controls (n = 33) were chosen from healthy hospital staff and their partners. Preoperative and postoperative scores were statistically compared with the controls’ scores by using Student t test. Also, preoperative and postoperative scores were compared by using paired t test. ResultsThe mean of age and body mass index of the women and their partners in the patient and control group were similar (P = 0.07). Before the operation, the mean of IFSF scores in the patient and control group were 22.75 (3.45) and 27.28 (5.05), respectively (P < 0.001). After the operation, the mean of IFSF scores in the patient group increased significantly to 27.67 (P < 0.001). The postoperative scores of all IFSF subscales except lubrication subscale were higher than the preoperative scores. Although there was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative IIEF-total scores, postoperative IIEF-erectile function and IIEF-intercourse satisfaction scores were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). ConclusionsWe found that macromastia adversely affected female sexual function but reduction mammaplasty eliminated this adverse effect. We also found that the partners’ erectile function and intercourse satisfaction reduced after the operation. This reduction may be due to psychological effects.
Fault Initiation in Serpentinite

Serpentinite fault rheology is fundamental to tectonic and earthquake processes, yet links between deformation textures and strength evolution during fault initiation are poorly constrained. Here I present field and petrographic microstructural observations of unsheared and sheared serpentinite that demonstrate a progression of fault development. I compliment observations with a clast‐size distribution analysis to investigate the evolution of fault rigidity and a numerical model to query the stress distribution of a clast‐in‐matrix geometry. Unsheared microstructures reveal well‐aligned, elongate serpentine in the matrix and short, randomly oriented serpentine in clasts. Sheared matrix displays cataclastic textures, discrete brittle surfaces, dissolution bands, and ductile textures defined by anastomosing networks of well‐aligned, fine‐grained serpentine. During fault initiation, matrix serpentine anisotropy promotes slip on basal planes or fiber aggregates, and clast‐on‐clast interactions drive a high bulk viscosity prone to stick‐slip behavior. As deformation progresses, clast fracturing is focused at clast tips, and smaller clasts are preferentially removed by dissolution‐precipitation processes, increasing the relative abundance of matrix and promoting fault creep. Strain is continually focused in the matrix and as clast content reduces the bulk viscosity drops. This study reveals that viscosity contrasts formed by primary serpentinization textures are a major driver for the development and strength evolution of faults. On a continental‐scale, similar processes may govern earthquake distributions, fault growth, and segmentation patterns on young, serpentinite‐hosted faults.
Time of day and stress response to different stressors in experimental animals. Part I: Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus Waterhouse, 1839).

The present paper describes the effects of animal house routine stressors on adult golden hamsters during activity time (2 hrs after lights off) and rest time (2 hrs after lights on). In addition, for determination of norm values, the circadian rhythms of the stress indicators heart rate, core body temperature and general activity of unstressed animals were telemetrically registered via implanted transmitters. The three circadian patterns of the nocturnal golden hamster under L:D = 12:12 were unimodal with a main peak after lights off. The physiological norm values (mean over 24 hours +/-SD) were: heart rate 324 +/- 18 bpm, core body temperature 37.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C and activity 114 +/- 123 units/5 min. The mean body temperature of females was significantly higher (0.4 degree C) and its mean activity level was significantly (40%) lower than that of males. The stress responses were dependent on the time of day and on the kind of stressor. The stress responses were significantly stronger during the rest time of the animals (i.e. light period), and it resulted in the subsequent ranking of stressors: handling < vaginal smear < intruder/resident confrontation < cage changing < grouping. There were no sex-dependent stress response differences. The results of this study were compared with identical investigations on the social Mongolian gerbil (J. Exp. Anim. Sci. 1996/97; 38: No. 3).