Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In search of energy-efficient mobile networking

With the proliferation of mobile fixed-power devices, energy consumption emerged as a vibrant research and development subject area in networking. Mobile devices are designed with several hard constraints such as low cost and small geometries, as well as, low heat dissipation, and operation using fixed power sources. Manufacturers have been adding an ever increasing set of features to small mobile devices, which are no longer binary-use gadgets, but fully-fledged computers. With respect to power management, several mechanisms have been introduced; but, by and large, gains in power consumption at the hardware level have been essentially traded for extended functionality. All in all, the overall operational time has not increased. For example, early GSM cellular phones could only allow for less than an hour of talk time in a single battery charge. By the late 1990s, top models, introduced through better engineering and an evolutionary development approach, featured talk times increased by a factor of 3-5. This level of performance has remained the same over the last decade, although it is well below user expectations. This article reviews the evolution from simple cell phones toward the feature-rich mobile networked devices we have come to expect from manufacturers, and explains the factors that have led to stagnation in operational time. We then turn our attention to the multiaccess nature of modern mobile devices and the respective implications for power management. We find that the current host-centric mobile networking paradigm, based on end-to-end always on connectivity, leads to energy-inefficient operation. Finally, this article introduces information-centric networking and outlines open research issues in the design of energy-efficient future Internet architectures.
Creation of Polyvalent Decoys of Protein Cytotoxins as Therapeutics and Vaccines

Abstract : Polyvalent protein shells (capsids) are useful platforms for the display of molecules of interest (MOI) on their surface. The resulting polyvalent reagents act as efficacious prophylactic vaccines and therapeutics. The coat protein subunits of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV) and structurally similar Norwalk viruses, when expressed in insect cells, spontaneously self assemble to form protein shells. The self-assembly of the coat protein mutants of TBSV resulted in two types of nanoparticles: small (60 subunit) and the regular size (180 subunit) capsids. These protein shells (capsids) can be used for the display of 60-180 copies of peptides/proteins of the pathogens of concern. Previously, it has been shown that antibodies raised against various cytotoxins (e.g., ricin and Shiga toxin) render protection against the potential toxin attack. The proposed polyvalent reagents, which display various peptide/protein fragments of ricin would act as prophylactic vaccines of the ricin toxin. As a proof of concept we have successfully generated a reagent displaying one of the ricin peptides (RTA, 95-110) on the surface of TBSV. Generation of other reagents and estimation of their efficacy are underway. Continued support is requested for the creation of new and novel reagents that render protection against the different types of cytotoxins.
Decrease of invasive pneumococcal infections in children among 8 children's hospitals in the United States after the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

OBJECTIVE To monitor clinical and microbiologic features including antimicrobial susceptibility and serogroup distribution of invasive infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae among children before and after the introduction of routine administration of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). DESIGN A 9-year (January 1, 1994 through December 31, 2002) prospective surveillance study of all invasive pneumococcal infections in children. PATIENTS Infants and children cared for at 8 children's hospitals in the United States with culture-proven invasive infections caused by S pneumoniae. RESULTS When compared with the mean of the years 1994 to 2000, the annual number of invasive pneumococcal infections for children < or =24 months of age declined 58% in 2001 and 66% in 2002. If only the serogroups in the PCV7 are considered, the number of cases in children < or =24 months old declined 63% and 77% in 2001 and 2002, respectively. The greatest decrease was observed for serogroup-14 isolates. The number of isolates in nonvaccine serogroups increased 28% in 2001 and 66% in 2002 for children < or =24 months old. Nonvaccine serogroup-15 and -33 isolates had the greatest increase in number. The proportion of all isolates nonsusceptible to penicillin increased yearly from 1994 to 2000, reached a plateau in 2001 at 45%, and declined to 33% in 2002. Decrease in nonsusceptibility to penicillin occurred entirely in the isolates with penicillin minimum inhibitory concentration > or =2 microg/mL. Nonsusceptibility to penicillin increased slightly among nonvaccine-serotype isolates. Most infections after at least 2 doses of PCV7 were caused by nonvaccine-serotype isolates. CONCLUSIONS Since the introduction of the PCV7, the number of invasive pneumococcal infections caused by vaccine-serogroup isolates among 8 US children's hospitals has decreased >75% among children < or =24 months old. In addition, penicillin resistance decreased in 2002 for the first time since our surveillance began in 1993-1994. However, we have noted that replacement may be developing with serogroups 15 and 33. Furthermore, penicillin resistance seems to be increasing among nonvaccine serogroups. Surveillance must be continued to detect the emergence of changes in the distribution of serotypes as well as antibiotic susceptibility.
Receptor activity of rotavirus nonstructural glycoprotein NS28

Rotavirus morphogenesis involves the budding of subviral particles through the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) membrane of infected cells. During this process, particles acquire the outer capsid proteins and a transient envelope. Previous immunocytochemical and biochemical studies have suggested that a rotavirus nonstructural glycoprotein, NS28, encoded by genome segment 10, is a transmembrane RER protein and that about 10,000 Mr of its carboxy terminus is exposed on the cytoplasmic side of the RER. We have used in vitro binding experiments to examine whether NS28 serves as a receptor that binds subviral particles and mediates the budding process. Specific binding was observed between purified simian rotavirus SA11 single-shelled particles and RER membranes from SA11-infected monkey kidney cells and from SA11 gene 10 baculovirus recombinant-infected insect cells. Membranes from insect cells synthesizing VP1, VP4, NS53, VP6, VP7, or NS26 did not possess binding activity. Comparison of the binding of single-shelled particles to microsomes from infected monkey kidney cells and from insect cells indicated that a membrane-associated component(s) from SA11-infected monkey kidney cells interfered with binding. Direct evidence showing the interaction of NS28 and its nonglycosylated 20,000-Mr precursor expressed in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and single-shelled particles was obtained by cosedimentation of preformed receptor-ligand complexes through sucrose gradients. The domain on NS28 responsible for binding also was characterized. Reduced binding of single-shelled particles to membranes was seen with membranes treated with (i) a monoclonal antibody previously shown to interact with the C terminus of NS28, (ii) proteases known to cleave the C terminus of NS28, and (iii) the Enzymobead reagent. VP6 on single-shelled particles was suggested to interact with NS28 because (i) a monoclonal antibody to the subgroup I epitope on VP6 reduced particle binding, (ii) a purified polyclonal antiserum raised against recombinant baculovirus-produced VP6 reduced ligand binding, and (iii) a monoclonal antibody to a conserved epitope on VP6 augmented ligand binding. These experimental data provide support for the hypothesized receptor role of NS28 before the budding stage of rotavirus morphogenesis.
Collective circular motion of multi-vehicle systems with sensory limitations

Collective motion of a multi-agent system composed of nonholonomic vehicles is addressed. The aim of the vehicles is to achieve rotational motion around a virtual reference beacon. A control law is proposed, which guarantees global asymptotic stability of the circular motion with a prescribed direction of rotation, in the case of a single vehicle. Equilibrium configurations of the multi-vehicle system are studied and sufficient conditions for their local stability are given, in terms of the control law design parameters. Practical issues related to sensory limitations are taken into account. The transient behavior of the multi-vehicle system is analyzed via numerical simulations.
A Study of Intracoronary Injection of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Is It an Applicable Solution for Critically Ill Patients?

Background: Benefits of stem cell therapy on remodelling and cardiac function have been described in adults with dilated cardiomyopathy and acute myocardial infarction. Objectives: We investigated the effect of this treatment modality amongst children with severe dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods: Intracoronary injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear stem cells was performed in our centers for 8 severely ill children during 2015 - 2016. The mean age of the patients was 10.1 years (5 girls, 3 boys). They were followed by longitudinal speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and conventional echocardiography for 6 months. Results: Heart functional class improved in 62% of patients. M-mode echocardiography showed significant improvement in ejection fraction (mean 24.8 ± 8.3 vs. 37.4 ± 10.5) and in STE, the mean global longitudinal strain improved (GLS: -2.8 ± 1.9 vs. -5.2 ± 3.9). None of the patients had serious complications. Conclusions: Intracoronary injection of autologous mononuclear stem cells might improve the ventricular function and cardiac remodelling in pediatric patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and could be considered in critically ill patients.
In vivo amyloid imaging in autopsy-confirmed Parkinson disease with dementia

Objective: To investigate the specificity of in vivo amyloid imaging with [11C]–Pittsburgh Compound B (PIB) in Parkinson disease dementia (PDD). Methods: We performed detailed neuropathologic examination for 3 individuals with PDD who had PIB PET imaging within 15 months of death. Results: We observed elevated cortical uptake of [11C]-PIB on in vivo PET imaging in 2 of the 3 cases. At autopsy, all 3 individuals had abundant cortical Lewy bodies (Braak PD stage 6), and were classified as low-probability Alzheimer disease (AD) based on NIA-Reagan criteria. The 2 PIB-positive individuals had abundant diffuse Aβ plaques but only sparse neuritic plaques and intermediate neurofibrillary tangle pathology. The PIB-negative individual had rare diffuse plaques, no neuritic plaques, and low neurofibrillary tangle burden. Conclusions: [11C]–Pittsburgh Compound B (PIB) PET is specific for fibrillar Aβ molecular pathology but not for pathologic diagnosis of comorbid Alzheimer disease in individuals with Parkinson disease dementia. The ability to specifically identify fibrillar Aβ amyloid in the setting of α-synucleinopathy makes [11C]-PIB PET a valuable tool for prospectively evaluating how the presence of Aβ amyloid influences the clinical course of dementia in patients with Lewy body disorders.
Clinical assessment of medication adherence among HIV-infected children: examination of the Treatment Interview Protocol (TIP)

This paper presents findings of a multi-site study designed to document: (1) caregivers’ regimen knowledge; (2) barriers to adherence; and (3) the relationships between adherence, regimen knowledge and barriers. Fifty-one predominately female, African American parents and caregivers of HIV-infected children completed the Treatment Interview Protocol (TIP), a brief, structured interview designed to assess regimen knowledge and barriers to adherence. TIP data were compared to information obtained from medical records and pharmacy refill histories. Forty-nine per cent of children were considered adherent, defined as ≥90% refill rate, which was significantly associated with virologic response. Significant regimen knowledge deficits were observed among caregivers, and inaccurate identification of prescribed medications was significantly associated with adherence. Caregivers identified 21 barriers to adherence, and poor adherence was significantly related to the number of barriers reported. Results indicate that the TIP is a successful tool for identifying regimen knowledge, potential adherence barriers and adherence problems. Results suggest that the TIP could be integrated into clinical practice as a quick, effective tool to identify poor adherers and guide interventions and treatment decision making.
Phenotypic Differences in Alpha 1 Antitrypsin-Deficient Sibling Pairs May Relate to Genetic Variation

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is associated with variable development of airflow obstruction and emphysema. Index patients have greater airflow obstruction than subjects detected by screening, but it is unclear if this reflects smoking differences and/or ascertainment bias, or is due to additional genetic factors. In this study 72 sibling pairs with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency were compared using lung function measurements and HRCT chest. Tag single nucleotide polymorphisms to cover all common variation in four genes involved in relevant inflammatory pathways (Tumour necrosis factor alpha, Transforming growth Factor beta, Surfactant protein B and Vitamin D binding protein) were genotyped using TaqMan® technology and compared between pairs for their frequency and relationship to lung function. 63.5% of non-index siblings had airflow obstruction and 59.5% an FEV1 < 80% predicted. Index siblings had lower FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio, a higher incidence of emphysema (all P ≤ 0.001) and lower gas transfer (P = 0.02). There was no correlation of FEV1 between siblings but KCO was significantly correlated (r = 0.42, P = 0.002). Quantitative analyses against lung function showed that a polymorphism in Surfactant protein B was associated with FEV1 (P = 0.002). This result was replicated in a non-sibling group (P = 0.01). Our results show that clinical differences in families with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency are not solely explained by smoking or ascertainment bias and may be due to variation within genes involved in inflammatory pathways.
Something Larger: An Evolutionary Account of the Meaningfulness of Life

This paper explores the origins of a subjective sense of meaning in life from the perspective of cultural group selection within evolutionary theory. Philosophical underpinnings are discussed, as are the origins or morality and social groups. It is argued that a subjective meaning acts as a motivator of cultural transactions which allowed pre-human groups possessing meaning to survive over groups of individuals lacking meaning.
Journal of Organizational Effectiveness : People and Performance Building trust and cohesion in virtual teams : the developmental approach

Purpose – Using the developmental process of interpersonal relationships as a metaphor, the purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effects of trust and cohesion on the links between psychosocial factors and work outcomes among Chinese employees. Design/methodology/approach – A three-wave survey method was used to collect data from 388 full-time employees working in virtual teams in diverse industries in Taiwan. Findings – Structural equation modeling confirmed that trust and cohesion were two key psychological mechanisms linking up team psychosocial factors (i.e. psychological similarity, shared activities) and work outcomes (i.e. job satisfaction, team performance). Practical implications – This study examined virtual teams, which are increasingly prevalent in cloud computing applications, from a largely overlooked social psychological perspective. The results clearly demonstrated that the development and functioning of work teams is similar to the formation and functioning of social relationships. Thus, psychology in general, social psychology in particular, should have a lot to contribute to the better understanding of the rich dynamism of work teams, virtual and face-to-face. Originality/value – This is the first study testing a comprehensive model of the process of attraction-identification-trust-performance in the virtual team context with a non-western sample. The unique individual-level analysis underlining the human factors complements more often taken approach of organizationand/or team-level analysis of virtuality tackling structural and strategic issues.
Squamous carcinoma arising in a giant peri‐anal condyloma associated with human papillomavirus types 6 and 11

A case is reported of squamous carcinoma of the peri‐anal region arising in a giant condyloma. In situ DNA hybridization showed human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11. These HPV types are commonly demonstrated in ano‐genital condylomas but have not previously been reported in association with malignant change at this site.
The Müller-Lyer illusion: a cross-cultural study in Singapore.

Previous work suggests that Europeans are more prone to the Muller-Lyer (M-L) illusion than non-Europeans. The present experiment compared the quantitative reactions of two matched groups (English-educated Singaporean Chinese and British Caucasian ) resident in Singapore. Subjects were male students with the same academic attainment. The Singaporeans were significantly more prone to the illusion than the British: this conflicts with the previous conclusion that Europeans are more prone to the illusion than non-Europeans. An explanation is offered and the importance of studying perception cross-culturally discussed.
Personalized medicine: challenges and opportunities for translational bioinformatics.

Personalized medicine can be defined broadly as a model of healthcare that is predictive, personalized, preventive and participatory. Two US President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology reports illustrate challenges in personalized medicine (in a 2008 report) and in use of health information technology (in a 2010 report). Translational bioinformatics is a field that can help address these challenges and is defined by the American Medical Informatics Association as "the development of storage, analytic and interpretive methods to optimize the transformation of increasing voluminous biomedical data into proactive, predictive, preventative and participatory health. " This article discusses barriers to implementing genomics applications and current progress toward overcoming barriers, describes lessons learned from early experiences of institutions engaged in personalized medicine and provides example areas for translational bioinformatics research inquiry.
Endocrine disrupting effects of HIV antiretrovirals in the South African aquatic environment

II TABLE OF CONTENTS . III LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS . V LIST OF FIGURES . IX LIST OF TABLES . X CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES . 3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 4 2.1. WATER AS A NATURAL RESOURCE . 4 2.1.1. Sources of pollution . 4 2.2. PHARMACEUTICALS AS ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS . 5 2.2.1. Pharmaceuticals . 6 2.3. HIV & ARVS . 9 2.3.1. ARVs in the aquatic environment . 11 2.3.2. Side effects of ARVs . 13 2.4. DETERMINING EFFECTS OF EDCS . 13 2.4. 1. Endocrine disrupting effects by activation of AhR . 15 2.4. 2. Relevance of bioassays . 16 2.4. 3. Hormonal effects of ARVs . 18 2.5. INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS . 19 2.6. QUANTIFICATION OF ARVS IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE AHR . 19 CHAPTER 3: METHODS AND MATERIALS . 21 3.1. SAMPLING SITES . 21 3.1.1. Klip River and the Waterval and Vlakplaats WWTPs . 23 3.1. 2. Blesbok Spruit and the Welgedacht WWTP . 25 3.1. 3. Hennops River and the Olifantsfontein and Sunderland Ridge WWTPs . 26 3.1. 4. Pienaars River/Roodeplaat Dam and the Zeekoegat WWTP . 28 3.1. 5. Wonderfontein Spruit and the Flip Human WWTP . 29 3.1. 6. Drinking water samples . 30 3.2. SAMPLING . 31 3.3. CLEAN-UP AND EXTRACTION OF WATER SAMPLES . 31
A fast , implementation of a deep vanilla

Introduction During the past few years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been established as the dominant technology for approaching real-world visual understanding tasks. A significant research effort has been put into the design of very deep architectures, able to construct highorder representations of visual information. The accuracy obtained by deep architectures such as GoogleNet [1] and the more contemporary ResNet [2] on image classification and object detection tasks, proved that depth of representation is indeed the key to a successful implementation.
2D Switched Model-Based Infinite Horizon LQ Fault-Tolerant Tracking Control for Batch Process

For batch processes described by 2D switched system models, the paper comes up with an infinite horizon linear quadratic fault-tolerant tracking control (LQFTTC). First, the paper leads a new variable into the process model with time delay to convert it to a new model without time delay, after that, an equivalent extended 2D switched system model is established. Next, by introducing a quadratic performance function, a controller that can resist actuator faults is designed to realize infinite horizon LQ fault-tolerant tracking control. Moreover, the range of the disturbance can be calculated using the Lyapunov stability theory when the actuator fault is viewed as a kind of disturbance. Additionally, the paper designs each phase’s minimum running time as dependent on the convergence indexes along the directions of time and batch. Finally, for the purpose of proving the validity and practicability of the method, this article compares the proposed 2D method with the 1D traditional control method through the i.
CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets express connexin 43 and establish gap junction channel communication with macrophages in vitro

Gap junction channels constructed of connexins (Cxs) are expressed by peripheral and secondary lymphoid organ‐derived lymphocytes. These channels in the plasma membrane play key roles in a range of lymphocyte functions exemplified by the synthesis and secretion of Igs and cytokines and during transmigration across the endothelium. Most recently, their involvement in antigen cross‐presentation has also been established. We report here for the first time the expression of mRNA and protein encoding Cx43 in mouse‐derived CD4+ Th0, Th1, and Th2 lymphocyte subpopulations and demonstrate the establishment gap junction channel formation with primary macrophages in vitro. We show that this mode of direct communication is particularly favored in Th1‐macrophage interactions and that LPS inhibits lymphocyte‐macrophage cross‐talk independently of the subset of lymphocyte involved. Our work suggests that gap junction‐mediated communication can be modulated in the absence of specific antigenic stimulation. Therefore, a further mechanism featuring gap junction‐mediated communication may be implicated in immune regulation.