Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface heterogeneity effects on regional-scale fluxes in stable boundary layers: An LES study

Surface boundary conditions used in weather and climate models require the specification of turbulent fluxes of heat and momentum between the land surface and the atmosphere as a function of the grid-averaged velocity and temperature fields. Parameterizing these fluxes at the relevant regional scales has proven to be a challenge, especially under stable atmospheric stability conditions (Holtslag, 2005). This has led to numerous research efforts, mainly focused on homogeneous quasi-steady stable boundary layers (Beare et al., 2006). The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is characterized by a wide range of length and time scales, which are highly dependent on the spatial distribution of landsurface properties such as temperature, aerodynamic roughness and soil moisture. The non-linear interaction between surface heterogeneities and atmospheric turbulence limits the applicability of similarity theories (e.g., the log-law), commonly used to model turbulent fluxes, and strictly is only applicable in homogeneous boundary layers. Under stable atmospheric conditions, the effect of stratification on local turbulence scales further complicates our ability to parameterize the effects of surface heterogeneity on ABL fluxes. Previous numerical studies of surface heterogeneity have focused on either neutral (e.g., Glendening and Lin, 2002; Bou-Zeid et al., 2004; Stoll and Porté-Agel, 2006) or convective atmospheric stability conditions (e.g., Albertson et al., 2001; Patton et al., 2005). In contrast, the effect of surface heterogeneity under stable conditions has been explored mainly through experiments (e.g., Derbyshire, 1995; Mahrt and Vickers, 2005) and has yet to be studied with LES. Here we present some preliminary results from LES of the stable atmospheric boundary layer over heterogeneous surface boundary conditions. This manuscript is organized as follows. First, a brief description of the LES code used in this study and the simulation setup used for the homogeneous and heterogeneous cases is given in section 2.1. In section 2.2, results are given for simulations with the scale-dependent Lagrangian dynamic model over heterogeneous surfaces with different length scales and amplitudes of heterogeneity.
Feedback informed care : co-creating treatment success

This qualitative research was conducted in order to answer the question: What factors do patients think are most useful in therapy? Feedback was collected from a sample of 630 participants from The Community Psychiatry Program (CPP) at Johns Hopkins. Respondents were asked to complete a written survey answering two questions: 1. How do you know when you are getting better? and 2. What are the most important aspects of (CPP)? This study collected data from both patients and caregivers. Brief responses for each question were coded using a general inductive approach, which revealed multiple themes and subthemes. One significant finding which was generated from patient responses was the importance of the therapeutic relationship as an indicator of treatment success. This finding correlates with a relational theoretical framework and with previous Feedback Informed Care studies. This research study suggests many implications for incorporating patient feedback into clinical social work practice. FEEDBACK INFORMED CARE: CO-CREATING TREATMENT SUCCESS This paper is based upon secondary data. Data were collected by Daniel Buccino, LCSW-C, BCD and Michael Van Wert, LCSW-C, MPH at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Campus. The secondary data were then analyzed and discussed below by Eve Sandler. It was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work. Eve M. Sandler Smith College School for Social Work Northampton, Massachusetts 01063
ÇALIŞANLARIN İŞ TATMİNİ İLE YENİLİKÇİ DAVRANIŞININ BİREYSEL PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ

Bu calismanin temel amaci, is tatmini ve yenilikci davranisin, bireysel performansina etkisi olup olmadigini tespit etmektir. Bu baglamda Kahramanmaras ilinde bulunan bir kamu kurumu calisanlarindan 226 kisiye anket uygulanmistir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS istatistik programi ile analiz edilmis ve sonuclar degerlendirilmistir. Calisma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara gore, is tatmini ve yenilikci davranisin, bireysel performansa olumlu yonde etkisinin oldugu belirlenmistir. Ayrica, is tatmini, yenilikci davranis ve bireysel performansin pozitif iliski icerisinde oldugu belirlenmistir.
Effect of aeration on selected water quality parameters in freshwater fish culture

This paper report findings of an investigation into the effect of aeration devices on some selected freshwater quality parameters. Three aeration columns, Upturned shower rose (USR), Downturned shower rose (DSR) and Perforated pipe (PEP) were experimented. Freshwater fish culture water was passed through the devices and analysed for Temperature, pH, Alkalinity and Dissolved oxygen (DO) in the morning, afternoon and evening. The percentage modification was used to measure the effect of aeration on the selected water quality parameters. Temperature modification ranged from -2.4% to 0% with equal value in all the aeration devices at all the period, Alkalinity ranged between -10.7% and 3.7% with least modification in DSR in the morning but highest in USR in the evening, The percentage modification in pH fell between -8.3% and -1.8% with the least modification in USR in the morning while the highest was recorded also in USR but in the evening. The DO ranged between 37.1% to 161.9% with the highest modification in DSR in the afternoon and the lowest in USR in the evening. The investigated aerating devices have little effect on all the selected water quality parameters, except for dissolved oxygen where the effect is very prominent. Keywords : Aeration columns, aquaculture, downturned shower rose, freshwater quality, perforated pipe, upturned shower rose,
A Critical Look at the Use of SEM in International Business Research

Purpose – Structural equation modeling (SEM) has been widely used to examine complex research models in international business and marketing research. While the covariance-based SEM (CB-SEM) approach is dominant, the authors argue that the field’s dynamic nature and the sometimes early stage of theory development more often require a partial least squares SEM (PLS-SEM) approach. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the application of SEM techniques in the field. Design/methodology/approach – The authors searched six journals with an international business (and marketing) focus (Management International Review, Journal of International Business Studies, Journal of International Management, International Marketing Review, Journal of World Business, International Business Review) from 1990 to 2013. The authors reviewed all articles that apply SEM, analyzed their research objectives and methodology choices, and assessed whether the PLS-SEM papers followed the best practices outlined in the past.
‘ White Man ’ s Burden ’ ? A Field Experiment on Generosity and Foreigner Presence ∗

Can the presence of white foreigners influence measured behavior in developing countries? We experimentally vary foreigner presence across behavioral games conducted in 60 communities in Sierra Leone, and assess its effect on standard measures of generosity. We find that foreigner presence substantially increases player contributions in dictator games, by an average of 19 percent. Using household and village survey data, we show that the treatment effect is smaller for players who hold positions of authority, which suggests that perceived power differentials between players and the experimenter, based on identity, plays a role in mediating this effect. We also find that subjects from villages with greater exposure to development aid give substantially less, and are more inclined to believe that the behavioral games were conducted to test them for future aid. These findings suggest that behavioral responses to researcher identity are in part related to expectations regarding development assistance. More generally, our findings hold implications for measuring generosity and the design and administration of behavioral experiments in developing
On the junior subjective synonyms of Coullia Hamond, 1973 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontidae): an and key to species and related genera

Morphological comparison of the genera Coullia Hamond, 1973 and Phycolaophonte Pallares, 1975 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontidae) shows that the latter should be relegated to a junior synonym of the former. Th e forgotten generic name Eolaophonte Apostolov, 1990, introduced for two species displaying the plesiomorphic condition of P2–P4 endopodal segmentation, is also considered synonymous with Coullia since the taxon it denotes lacks a distinct apomorphy, rendering it paraphyletic exclusive of Coullia. Pesta’s (1959) record of Laophonte sp. from Sorrento (Italy) pertains to Coullia mediterranea (Apostolov, 1990) comb. nov. Keys to the six species currently included in Coullia and to the laophontid genera displaying endopodal size discrepancy (P2 endopod smallest) are presented.
Exchanging information through social links: The role of friendship, trust and reciprocity

This paper shows that the features that characterize the exchange of information among individuals vary depending on the type of information exchanged (novel or specific) and the institutional affiliation of the individuals involved. It unbundles the concept of strong and weak links into three main tie characteristics: trust, friendship and reciprocity. Using data from a survey of nanotechnology researchers, we identify the characteristics of 594 links between researchers and individuals from different institutional groups (firms, governmental organizations and universities). Findings suggest behavioral regularities that are contingent on the kind of information being exchanged and the contact? s institutional membership. For, instance, when university researchers exchange novel information between themselves, the level of trust becomes essential, but exchanges with individuals from other institutional settings (firms and governmental organizations) will be characterized instead by reciprocity and friendship. We discuss the implications of these findings for research on the relational perspective of social networks and university-society relationships.
Organic seaweed nano powder effect on growth and yield attributes of pigeonpea

In the field experiment Sargassum myricocystum extract at 1% concentration for 3 h soaking with foliar spray 5% at vegetative and flowering stages were effective by recording higher plant height, total chlorophyll content, leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and yield attributes, such as pod yield plant-1 and seed yield ha-1 in both kharif, 2014 and rabi, 2015 seasons. The per cent increase of pod yield plant-1 and seed yield ha-1 was 13.4 and 18.3%, respectively. The other seaweeds viz., Gracilaria edulis, Caulerpa racemosa were less effective, but the effect was better than water.
Resettlement Programme Implementation: The Effect on Livelihoods of People in Mining Communities in the Tarkwa-Nsuaem Municipality, Ghana

Research affirms the assertion that mining-induced displacement and resettlement (MIDR) impoverishes livelihoods. Particular of such impoverishments include; landlessness, joblessness, and social disarticulation. This thus threatens the sustainable and human-centered development the world seeks to attain. However, policy documents and researchers such as the World Bank’s Involuntary Resettlement Sourcebook (2004) and Sonnenberg and Munster (2001) propose the preparation of resettlement programmes as an intervention for the mitigation of the adverse effects of resettlement. Despite the introduction of resettlement programmes, relocation and resettlement continues to impoverish the livelihoods of affected population. This paper assesses the extent to which resettlement programmes have affected livelihoods of people in the Tarkwa-Nsuaem Municipality. The paper first identifies some models and theories that underpin the preparation of resettlement programmes. It then proceeds to assess the effect of resettlement programme on livelihoods of affected households. Thirdly, it identifies the effect on societal ties. Fourtly, the paper identifies the challenges of an effective resettlement programme implementation. Lastly, the study makes plausible recommendations and way forward for an effective resettlement programme implementation. The study thus concludes that for the extractive industry to be beneficial to both the national and local economies there should be commitment to implementation strategies of resettlement programmes. Control measures should be put in place to manage all participation challenges of resettlement programmes. In this way, the primary aim of resettlement programmes would be achieved without blemish. Keywords: Mining-Induced Displacement and Resettlement (MIDR), Resettlement Programme, Impoverishment, Tarkwa-Nsuaem Municipality, Affected Households
The importance of using games in EFL classrooms

This paper aims to find out how games are important and effective when used in EFL classrooms. Two different kinds of qualitative research methods are used to gather the data. These are semi-structured interviews and observation. Multi-method triangulation is used throughout in this study. Kopinak (1999) defines multi-method triangulation as “gathering information pertaining to the same phenomenon through more than one method, primarily in order to determine if there is a convergence and hence, increased validity in research findings” (Kopinak, 1999: 171). Kopinak (1999) states that more detailed and multi-layered information about the fact under study would be provided from using more instruments. It is a case study in which 2 undergraduate students are taught English by using the game called ‘Twister’ which is adapted for teaching. The study sample consisted of people who are between 20-25 years old and live in Lefke. It was determined from the data that games should be employed in second language learning classrooms in terms of providing an atmosphere for EFL learners in which there are fun, motivation and high learning performance. Key words: games, Twister, vocabulary, EFL classrooms
Protistan diversity does peak in the horohalinicum of the Baltic Sea: Reply to Ptacnik et al. (2011)

In reply to the Comment by Ptacnik et al. (2011; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 432:291-292), a sub- stantiation is given for the use of the simplest method to conduct a meta-analysis of published plank- ton data sets and annotated checklists aimed at refining the 'Artenminimum' (species-minimum) con- cept (Remane 1934; Zool Anz 7(Suppl):34-74). The applicability of this concept, which originally derived from macrozoobenthos data, was tested by Telesh et al. (2011; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 421:1-11) for plankton species using much larger data sets, and these results backed up the novel 'protistan species-maximum concept' for the horohalinicum of the Baltic Sea. Re-fitting our algorithm to the available data sets after the critical comments of Ptacnik et al. (2011) did not alter the shape of the plankton diversity trends, and the original conclusions that (1) the brackish-water Baltic Sea is not poor in plankton species, (2) Remane's curve is invalid for plankton, and (3) protistan species richness peaks in the horohalinicum at salinities of 5 to 8 remained robust. The suggestion by Ptacnik et al. (2011) to use a more detailed statistical analysis for describing the patterns of overall plankton diver- sity is recognized as a perspective for future research of changes in plankton communities within the Baltic Sea salinity gradient, although it cannot be implemented until spatially representative zoo- plankton data sets become available.
Verification of the Stabilizer Bar of an Articulated Trolleybus

At the modernization of the SKODA 22 Tr low-floor articulated trolleybus a different type of an articulated joint and a different type of driving axles were used in its construction besides other changes. During test drives with the modernized trolleybus, which were focused on the driving stability of the vehicle, a large roll of the rear section appeared. A suitable structural solution for reducing the rear section roll angle of the modernized trolleybus was the using of a rear section stabilizer bar. The stabilizer effect on dynamic properties of the vehicle and a suitable bar diameter were determined on the basis of the results of the computer simulations with the trolleybus multibody models. The test drives focused on the vehicle driving stability were performed again with the loaded real trolleybus, in the structure of which the designed rear section stabilizer bar was applied. On the basis of computer simulations of the test drives with the trolleybus multibody models the correctness of the experimental-simulation approach used for the stabilizer bar structural design was verified.
A hump‐shaped density–area relationship for island lizards

We evaluated the density of Anolis lizards as a function of island area, habitat diversity, and topographic diversity on the Grenadines islands. We found a hump-shaped density-area relationship. Density at sea level increased with island area until an island was sufficiently large to contain multiple habitat types. Beyond this area threshold, average sea level density declined with island area. Increased species interactions on larger islands may explain the density decline.
Reducing poverty through fiscal decentralization in Ghana and beyond: A review

Abstract The unfinished agenda in the theory and practice of fiscal decentralization is how fiscal decentralization affects the universal plague of poverty reduction in developing economies. Focusing on developing economies especially Ghana, and also employing secondary sources of information, this paper made an attempt to provide a holistic review of the concept of fiscal decentralization and its effects on poverty reduction from the optimist and pessimist views. The paper affirmed that fiscal decentralization has the potential for poverty reduction when it is characterized by greater financial autonomy of the local units with proper budgetary allocation, prioritization, accountability and responsiveness. Accountability and proper regulation may reduce some institutional setbacks such as corruption from the system. We, therefore, recommended for a more effective, efficient, and transparent institutional and legal framework to ensure effective fiscal transfer between the central and local governments in order to eliminate various lapses associated with fiscal decentralization as highlighted by the pessimists.
Modeling the contribution of quantum confinement to luminescence from silicon nanoclusters

We present a model for the luminescence spectrum of silicon nanoclusters. We propose that the major contribution to luminescence is from radiative recombination of confined excitons (quantum confinement). Utilizing the effective mass approximation we consider the variation in oscillator strength with cluster size and the associated change in the number of available free carriers. By varying both the mean cluster size and size distribution of silicon nanoclusters, the luminescence spectra are modeled to a good fit. We compare our model with experimental photoluminescence and electroluminescence data from this group and from others.
The spatially-resolved star formation history of the M31 outer disc

We present deep Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys observations of the stellar populations in two fields lying at 20 and 23 kpc from the centre of M31 along the south-west semi-major axis. These data enable the construction of colour-magnitude diagrams reaching the oldest main-sequence turn-offs (~13 Gyr) which, when combined with another field at 25 kpc from our previous work, we use to derive the first precision constraints on the spatially-resolved star formation history of the M31 disc. The star formation rates exhibit temporal as well as field-to-field variations, but are generally always within a factor of two of their time average. There is no evidence of inside-out growth over the radial range probed. We find a median age of ~7.5 Gyr, indicating that roughly half of the stellar mass in the M31 outer disc was formed before z ~ 1. We also find that the age-metallicity relations (AMRs) are smoothly increasing from [Fe/H]~-0.4 to solar metallicity between 10 and 3 Gyr ago, contrary to the flat AMR of the Milky Way disc at a similar number of scale lengths. Our findings provide insight on the roles of stellar feedback and radial migration in the formation and evolution of large disc galaxies.
“Smart water” as a wettability modifier in chalk: The effect of salinity and ionic composition

"Reprinted (adapted) with permission from Fathi, S J., Austad, T. , Strand S. (2010) “Smart water” as a wettability modifier in chalk: The effect of salinity and ionic composition. Energy & Fuels 24(4), pp. 2514–2519. Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society. The article forms part of Jafar Fathi's PhD thesis: Water-based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in carbonate reservoirs : initial wetting condition and wettability alteration by "Smart Water", Stavanger : University of Stavanger
The supernova remnant G 6.4-0.1 and its environment

Flux calibrated CCD images, in the Hα + (N ), (S ), and (O ) emission lines, of a wide field around the supernova remnant G 6.4-0.1 are presented. The low ionization images identify a front of enhanced (S )/Hα + (N ) ratio along the east- west direction. This front is very well correlated with the filamentary radio emission of the remnant as well as with molecular CO emission and may indicate the interaction of the primary blast wave with molecular clouds present in the vicinity of the remnant. We estimate a total Hα flux, corrected for interstellar extinction, of 2 × 10 −8 erg s −1 cm −2 , and a total (S ) flux of 1.1 × 10 −8 erg s −1 cm −2 . T he Hα + (N  )a nd (S) images provide evidence for the presence of emission from shock heated gas to the south-west and to the east of the bulk of the known optical emission, implying that the primary shock wave is able to drive radiative shocks into the interstellar clouds. The image in the medium ionization line of (O )5007 A does not reveal any filamentary structures. On the contrary, the emission is diffuse and very weak, close to our detection limit of 5 × 10 −17 erg s −1 cm −2 arcsec −2 (3σ), and appears to be mainly present in the south-east to north-west areas of the remnant. The long-slit spectra indicate significant extinction in all positions observed, while the measured variations are within the 3σ error. The (O ) emission in the spectra, whenever present, is weaker than the Hβ flux suggesting shock velocities around 70 km s −1 or less all around the remnant in accordance with the (O ) imagery. Thus, the low shock velocities are a common characteristic of G 6.4-0.1 and not just of the areas where the spectra were acquired. The average sulfur line ratio suggests postshock electron densities below 120 cm −3 at the 3σ limit.