Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Application of Problem Based Learning (PBL) Approach for Elementary Schools Teachers

─The purpose of this study was to describe the teacher's skills in applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) approach to Indonesian language subjects for elementary schools in Sijunjung through training activities. The method used was a descriptive qualitative approach — techniques for collecting data through documentation and observation. The research subjects were elementary school teachers in Sijunjung District, which amounted to 101 teachers from 13 schools. The results obtained that through training activities teachers can design, practice, or simulate learning Indonesian using PBL. teachers as educators and as instructors could improve the quality of learning and can improve their profession as professional teachers. Keywords─ PBL, elementary school
Supporting Student Success in the First-Year Experience: Library Instruction in the Learning Management System

Abstract This article discusses how the Library and Office of Institutional Research at a public college measured the relationship of an online information literacy module in the learning management system with student success metrics in a first-year experience course. Specifically, the authors examine the relationships of an online instruction module, online module completion status, library use sessions, and student success metrics, such as semester grade point average (GPA), one-year retention, and academic standing. The results suggest that students who participated in the online information literacy module had better student outcomes than those that did not participate in the module. Research assignment grade and library use sessions are found as significant predictors of student semester GPA and one-year retention, controlling for high school GPA, student characteristics, and utilization of student support services. Practice implications are discussed.
Bayesian network models of causal learning

Associationist theories of causal induction model learning as the acquisition of associative weights between cues and outcomes. An important deficit of this class of models is its insensitivity to the causal role of cues. A number of recent experimental findings have shown that human learners differentiate between cues that represent causes and cues that represent effects. Our Bayesian network model overcomes this restriction. The model starts learning with initial structural assumptions about the causal model underlying the learning domain. This causal model guides the estimation of causal strength, and suggests integration schemas for multiple cues. In this way, causal models effectively reduce the potential computational complexity inherent in even relatively simple learning tasks. The Bayesian model is applied to a number of experimental findings, including studies on estimation of causal strength, cue competition, base rate use, and learning linearly and nonlinearly separable categories.
Low-frequency magnetic variations at the high-β Earth bow shock

Abstract. Observations of Earth's bow shock during high-β (ratio of thermal to magnetic pressure) solar wind streams are rare. However, such shocks are ubiquitous in astrophysical plasmas. Typical solar wind parameters related to high β (here β>10) are as follows: low speed, high density, and a very low interplanetary magnetic field of 1–2 nT. These conditions are usually quite transient and need to be verified immediately upstream of the observed shock crossings. In this report, three characteristic crossings by the Cluster project (from the 22 found) are studied using multipoint analysis, allowing us to determine spatial scales. The main magnetic field and density spatial scale of about a couple of hundred of kilometers generally corresponds to the increased proton convective gyroradius. Observed magnetic variations are different from those for supercritical shocks, with β∼1. Dominant magnetic variations in the shock transition have amplitudes much larger than the background field and have a frequency of ∼ 0.3–0.5 Hz (in some events – 1–2 Hz). The wave polarization has no stable phase and is closer to linear, which complicates the determination of the wave propagation direction. Spatial scales (wavelengths) of variations are within several tens to a couple of hundred of kilometers.
Kemampuan Menarik Kesimpulan Berdasarkan Tabel Dan Grafik Fisika Pada Peserta Didik Kelas X(MIA) SMA Barrang Lompo

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Ex - Post F acto yang bersifat deskriptif-survei Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas X (MIA) SMA Barrang Lompo yang terdaftar pada tahun 2014/2015 dengan jumlah peserta didik 43 orang dengan 21 orang peserta didik sebagai sampel penelitian.Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitan ini adalah data mengenai kemampuan menarik kesimpulan berdasarkan tabel dan grafik peserta didik yang diambil dengan cara memberikan tes uraian tertulis. Pemberian skor dirangkum dengan menggunakan lembar observasi. Data yang terkumpul diolah dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif untuk memperoleh gambaran secara kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dan pembahasan diperoleh skor rata-rata kemampuan menarik kesimpulan berdasarkan tabel dan grafik peserta didik adalah sebesar 41,52 dari skor ideal yaitu 60. Dari 21 orang peserta didik, umumnya memiliki kemampuan menarik kesimpulan berdasarkan tabel dan grafik berada pada kateogri sedang. Kata kunci: penelitian Ex-Post Facto bersifat deskrpitif-survei, kemampuan menarik kesimpulan berdasarkan tabel dan grafik, data kuantitatif. This study is the Ex-Post Facto descriptive-survey. Thesubjects are registered students of class X (MIA) SMA Barrang Lompo in 2014/2015 with 43 people as population and 21 students asthe sample.Data collection techniques isdata regardinglearnersability to draw conclusions based on tables and graphs by providing a written description test.Scoring summarized using the observation sheet.Collected data analyzed using descriptive statistics to obtain a quantitative description.Based on the results of data analysis and discussion,the average score of ability to draw conclusions based on tables and graphs of learners obtainedis at 41.52 from the ideal score,thatis 60. Generally, the 21 students have ability to draw conclusions in moderate category. Keywords: Deskrpitif-surveyof Ex-Post Facto study, ability to draw conclusions based on tables and graphs, quantitative data.
Degrees of Freedom Region of the (M, N1, N2) MIMO Broadcast Channel with Partial CSIT: An Application of Sum-set Inequalities

The degrees of freedom (DoF) region is characterized for the 2-user multiple input multiple output (MIMO) broadcast channel (BC), where the transmitter is equipped with M antennas, the two receivers are equipped with N1 and N2 antennas, and the levels of channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) for the two users are parameterized by β1, β2, respectively. The achievability of the DoF region was established by Hao, Rassouli and Clerckx, but no proof of optimality was heretofore available. The proof of optimality is provided in this work with the aid of sum-set inequalities based on the aligned image sets (AIS) approach.
Residual analysis for comparing procedures that adjust heterogenous phenotypic variances in a 305 days lactational model genetic evaluation

Proper modelling of heterogeneity of variance among strata of data and plausibility of its application in national evaluations act in opposite directions. Assuming a constant heritability and repeatabilty in a 305 day lactational model reduces computational needs because of a lower number of parameters to be estimated. This is the case with procedures that have been applied to national evaluations using a large amount of data as in Meuwissen et al. (1996) and Robert-Granie et al. (1999). These two procedures are preferred against those that perform a heterogeneity correction through standardization of data previous to genetic evaluation (Brotherstone and Hill, 1986; Weigel and Gianola, 1992) because they allow to take into account genetic and environmental effects that influence observations when estimating heterogeneity correction factors.
Inflaton candidates: from string theory to particle physics

Cosmic inflation is the cornerstone of modern cosmology. In particular, following the Planck mission reports presented in 2015 regarding cosmic microwave background (CMB), there is an increasing interest in searching for inflaton candidates within fundamental theories and to ultimately test them with future CMB data. This thesis presents inflationary models using a methodology that can be described as venturing top-down or bottom-up along energy scales. In the top-down motivation, we study inflationary scenarios in string theory and supergravity (SUGRA), namely with (multiple) 3-forms, Dirac-Born-Infeld Galileon model, a string field theory setup and $\mathcal{N}=1$ SUGRA $\alpha-$attractor models. In the bottom-up motivation, we construct a grand unified theory based inflationary model with an additional conformal symmetry and study not only inflation but also provide predictions related to particle physics. Our research work includes various classes of inflation driven by scalar fields under a canonical, non-canonical and induced gravity frameworks. All these models are consistent with Planck data, supported by key primordial cosmological parameters such as the scalar spectral index $n_{s}$, the tensor to scalar ratio $r$, together with the primordial non-Gaussianities. Future probes aiming to detect primordial gravitational waves and CMB non-Gaussianities can further help to distinguish between them.
Predicting Exoplanets Mass and Radius: A Nonparametric Approach

A fundamental endeavor in exoplanetary research is to characterize the bulk compositions of planets via measurements of their masses and radii. With future sample sizes of hundreds of planets to come from TESS and PLATO, we develop a statistical method that can flexibly yet robustly characterize these compositions empirically, via the exoplanet M-R relation. Although the M-R relation has been explored in many prior works, they mostly use a power-law model, with assumptions that are not flexible enough to capture important features in current and future M-R diagrams. To address these shortcomings, a nonparametric approach is developed using a sequence of Bernstein polynomials. We demonstrate the benefit of taking the nonparametric approach by benchmarking our findings with previous work and showing that a power-law can only reasonably describe the M-R relation of the smallest planets and that the intrinsic scatter can change non-monotonically with different values of a radius. We then apply this method to a larger dataset, consisting of all the Kepler observations in the NASA Exoplanet Archive. Our nonparametric approach provides a tool to estimate the M-R relation by incorporating heteroskedastic measurement errors into the model. As more observations will be obtained in the near future, this approach can be used with the provided R code to analyze a larger dataset for a better understanding of the M-R relation.
A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Surface Coil Transceiver Employing a Metasurface for 1.5T Applications

A capacitive impedance metasurface combined with a transceiver coil to improve the radio frequency magnetic field for 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging applications is presented. The novel transceiver provides localized enhancement in magnetic flux density when compared to a transceiver coil alone by incorporating an electrically small metasurface using an interdigital capacitance approach. Full field simulations employing the metasurface show a significant improvement in magnetic flux density inside a homogeneous dielectric phantom, which is also shown to perform well for a range of depths into the phantom. The concept was experimentally demonstrated through vector network analyzer measurements and images have been taken using a 1.5T MRI scanner. The results show there is a 216% improvement in transmission efficiency, a 133% improvement in receiver signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), and a 415% improvement in transceiver SNR for a particular transmission power when compared against a surface coil positioned at the same distance from the phantom, where these improvements are the maximum observed during experiments.
Manifestations of the polytype structure of ?-TlInS2 crystals in their optical anisotropy parameters.

We present the results of experimental studies of the temperature dependences of optical birefringence and optical indicatrix (OI) orientation increments for β-TlInS2 crystals. Anomalous behaviours of the above characteristics are revealed at the two temperature points, TC1 ≈ 228 K and TC2 ≈ 197 K, which correspond to ferroelectric phase transitions in the polytypes with c = 16c* and c = c*. The maps of increments of OI orientation angle and phase difference are obtained in the range from the room temperature to 100 K. It is found that the spatial distribution of increment of the OI orientation angle in ab plane is homogeneous in the whole temperature range under study. The increment of the phase difference is homogeneously distributed in the ab plane only at 197 K < T < 290 K. Below TC2 ≈ 197 K, two regions are revealed in our sample, which differ by their phase difference. Most probably, these regions correspond to two different polytypes of β-TlInS2.
Analysis of STATCOM Small-Signal Impedance in the Synchronous d-q Frame

Small-signal model impedances of grid-tied converters have recently attracted researchers’ attention and have shown great importance in stability analysis. This article proposes an impedance model in <italic>d-q</italic> frame for static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs), including dynamics from synchronization, current, voltage loops, and QV droop and reveals the significant features compared to other types of grid-tied converters that: 1) impedance matrix strongly coupled in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> channel due to nearly zero power factor; 2) different behaviors of impedances at low frequency due to inversed direction of reactive power; and 3) coupled small-signal propagation paths on the voltage at point of common coupling (PCC) from synchronization and ac voltage regulation. All these characteristics render difficulty in identifying instability patterns using existing knowledge and pinpointing the main contributor to instability among control loops, which was discussed and solved in this article. To better understand the frequency coupling effects of STATCOMs, the <italic>d-q</italic> frame impedance model was further transformed in its complex matrix form. An example of possible instability with STATCOMs was presented and analyzed using the proposed model. The impedance model was verified experimentally with a scaled-down STATCOM prototype.
Quality Attributes of Beef Sausage Supplemented by Flaxseeds and Chickpea

This study was aimed to produce a new low coast product with significant nutritional value using partially replacement of beef meat with milled flaxseeds and chickpea flour.Two sausage formulas were prepared, using 10% flaxseed in formula 1 (F1) and 20% chickpea flour in formula2 (F2) which found to be the most palatable ratios according to the sensory evaluations carried out. The formulas were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, consumer acceptability, approximate chemical composition, minerals content and the profile of amino and fatty acids. The results revealed that, the incorporation of flaxseeds and chickpeas significantly decreased the % of cooking loss and shrinkage while increased the % of cooking yield and water holding capacity. Sensory evaluation showed that there were no significant differences between the control sample and the two prepared formulas in general acceptability. Compared with controls, addition of flaxseeds increased the % of crude fiber, carbohydrates and crude fat as well as Ca, Fe, Zn and P. besides improving the Fatty acids profile and the methionine level. Using of chickpea decreased the fat content while increased both of crude fiber and carbohydrate contents as well as % of Linoleic acid and % of total essential amino acids.As a recommendation of ω6: ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids should be less than 4,In our investigation we improved ω6: ω3 ratio from 9.32:1in control to 1.07:1 in (F1) by incorporating flaxseeds. Moreover, using flaxseeds and chickpeas in preparing beef sausages reduced the final coasts by 8.3 and 16% respectively.
Perception of Pitch and Time in the Structurally Isomorphic Standard Rhythmic and Diatonic Scale Patterns

The three experiments reported here investigate how pitch and time interact in perception using the standard rhythmic pattern and the diatonic scale pattern, which share the intervallic structure of 2 2 1 2 2 2 1. They share a number of theoretical properties, including being cyclic with seven unique rotations. Experiment 1 measured rhythmic stability by dynamically accenting each of the events in each rhythm, called the probe accent; listeners rated how well the probe accent fit the rhythm. Listeners heard the rhythms in subgroups and with reference to a syncopation-shifted metrical hierarchy. Experiment 2 used the probe tone technique to measure the tonal stability of each tone in each mode beginning and ending on C. Higher ratings were given to tones earlier in the contexts and tones closer to C on both the chroma circle and the circle of fifths; influences were also found of tonal hierarchies of diatonic scales with corresponding accidentals. A measure of similarity derived from the probe ratings found the same order for the rhythms and modes which matched theoretical proposals of inter-rhythm and inter-mode distances. Experiment 3 presented all combinations of rhythms and modes; listeners judged how well the rhythm fit the mode. These judgments did not depend on the intervallic isomorphism between tone duration and interval size. Instead, the judgments depended on whether tonally stable events occurred where accents were judged as fitting well with the rhythm. Overall, the standard and diatonic patterns follow different perceptual hierarchies while sharing similar cognitive principles between rhythms, between modes, and across dimensions.
Trace Metal Content and Health Risk Assessment of PM10 in an Urban Environment of León, Mexico

Trace metal concentrations in PM10 were measured in an urban–industrial site in León, Mexico in three different seasons. PM10 were collected in quartz fiber filters of 47 mm diameter using low volume equipment operating with a controlled flow of 5 L min−1 over 24 h. Mass concentrations were gravimetrically determined and it was found that PM10 samples showed values in excess of the Mexican standard and the established values by WHO during cold dry and warm dry seasons. Morphology of selected particles was studied by SEM-EDS analysis, and the elemental composition was determined. Collected samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry in order to quantify ambient air concentrations of some trace metals (Cu, Co, Zn, Cd, Fe, Mg, and Mn). Median concentrations of trace metals showed the maximum value for iron (3.079 μgm−3) and the minimum value for Cd (0.050 μgm−3) over the entire period. From the meteorological analysis, it was found that sources located SW and ESE of the sampling site contributed to the levels of trace metals in PM10 in the studied site. The health risk assessment found that the population of León is at increased lifetime risk of experiencing cancer because of exposure to these concentrations of PM10 and their trace metal content.
GASP: Genetic Algorithms for Service Placement in Fog Computing Systems

Fog computing is becoming popular as a solution to support applications based on geographically distributed sensors that produce huge volumes of data to be processed and filtered with response time constraints. In this scenario, typical of a smart city environment, the traditional cloud paradigm with few powerful data centers located far away from the sources of data becomes inadequate. The fog computing paradigm, which provides a distributed infrastructure of nodes placed close to the data sources, represents a better solution to perform filtering, aggregation, and preprocessing of incoming data streams reducing the experienced latency and increasing the overall scalability. However, many issues still exist regarding the efficient management of a fog computing architecture, such as the distribution of data streams coming from sensors over the fog nodes to minimize the experienced latency. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, we present an optimization model for the problem of mapping data streams over fog nodes, considering not only the current load of the fog nodes, but also the communication latency between sensors and fog nodes. Second, to address the complexity of the problem, we present a scalable heuristic based on genetic algorithms. We carried out a set of experiments based on a realistic smart city scenario: the results show how the performance of the proposed heuristic is comparable with the one achieved through the solution of the optimization problem. Then, we carried out a comparison among different genetic evolution strategies and operators that identify the uniform crossover as the best option. Finally, we perform a wide sensitivity analysis to show the stability of the heuristic performance with respect to its main parameters.
FIB lift-out of conducting ferroelectric domain walls in hexagonal manganites

A focused ion beam (FIB) methodology is developed to lift out suitable specimens containing charged domain walls in improper ferroelectric ErMnO3. The FIB procedure allows for extracting domain wall sections with well-defined charge states, enabling accurate studies of their intrinsic physical properties. Conductive atomic force microscopy (cAFM) measurements on a 700 nm thick lamella demonstrate enhanced electronic transport at charged domain walls consistent with previous bulk measurements. A correlation is shown between domain wall currents in cAFM and applied ion beam polishing parameters, providing a guideline for further optimization. These results open the door for the study and functionalization of individual domain walls in hexagonal manganites, an important step toward the development of atomic scale domain-wall devices that can operate at low energy.A focused ion beam (FIB) methodology is developed to lift out suitable specimens containing charged domain walls in improper ferroelectric ErMnO3. The FIB procedure allows for extracting domain wall sections with well-defined charge states, enabling accurate studies of their intrinsic physical properties. Conductive atomic force microscopy (cAFM) measurements on a 700 nm thick lamella demonstrate enhanced electronic transport at charged domain walls consistent with previous bulk measurements. A correlation is shown between domain wall currents in cAFM and applied ion beam polishing parameters, providing a guideline for further optimization. These results open the door for the study and functionalization of individual domain walls in hexagonal manganites, an important step toward the development of atomic scale domain-wall devices that can operate at low energy.