Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The trouble with seeing double

The recently discovered phase transition for (Mg,Fe)SiO3 from perovskite to post‐perovskite structure for pressure‐temperature conditions in the lowermost mantle provides a plausible mechanism to explain a several percent shear velocity increase detected at the top of the D″ region in many regions. The phase transition has a large positive Clapeyron slope, and given the likely presence of a strong temperature increase just above the core‐mantle boundary, D″ conditions may reintersect the phase boundary, resulting in a thin layer of perovskite below a lens of post‐perovskite, separated by a few percent velocity decrease. Detection of such a velocity decrease is shown to be much harder than detection of the shallower velocity increase due to fundamental properties of seismic waves; purported observations in support of a double‐discontinuity are re‐evaluated based on waveform modeling. Waveform stacking procedures are required for reliable detection of the lower half of any double‐crossing of the phase boundary.
Effect of Different Natural Feed additives Compared to Antibiotic on Performance of Broiler Chicks under High Temperature

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding natural spices as growth promoters compared to antibiotic for broilers under high environmental temperature. Two hundred and forty day old chick (Cobb strain) was divided into six groups A, B, C, D, E, F in complete randomized design. A control group received broilers basal diet. For the other groups, the basal diet was supplemented with the antibiotic (Doxystin) at 0.5% in group B, cumin (Cuminum cyminum) at 2% in group C, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) at 2% in group D, ginger Z. officinale at 2% in group E and cinnamon, C verum at 2% for the last group F. Growth performance traits and carcass characteristic were studied. There were significant differences among treatment groups for body weight gain in the first (growing) period. Group A showed the highest result (737.2g) while group F reported the lowest estimate (627.4 g). Group C and E on one side and group B, C and D were not significantly different for the trait. In the second (finisher) period weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) higher in group D (720.13g) compared with group B , A and F which reported low weight gain (528.4 -596.5 g). In the first period feed intake was significantly (P 0.05) high in group D, C and B while group E reported the lowest feed intake. In the second period the highest feed intake was reported by group D, and the lowest estimates were recorded by group E and C. Better feed conversion ratio in group E followed by D, C, and F. High dressing percentage recorded in group fed E and F with no difference from B group. Low abdominal fat in the group fed D, B. It is concluded that different spices used did not affect weight gain in the first period, but they exert different effects in the second period. Their effects on feed intake are dissimilar.
Modeling Rapid Flood Propagation Over Natural Terrains Using a Well-Balanced Scheme

AbstractThe consequences of rapid and extreme flooding events, such as tsunamis, riverine flooding, and dam breaks show the necessity of developing efficient and accurate tools for studying these flow fields and devising appropriate mitigation plans for threatened sites. Two-dimensional simulations of these flows can provide information about the temporal evolution of water depth and velocities, but the accurate prediction of the arrival time of floods and the extent of inundated areas still poses a significant challenge for numerical models of rapid flows over rough and variable topographies. Careful numerical treatments are required to reproduce the sudden changes in velocities and water depths, evolving under strong nonlinear conditions that often lead to breaking waves or bores. In addition, new controlled experiments of flood propagation in complex geometries are also needed to provide data for testing the models and evaluating their performance in more realistic conditions. This work implements a ro.
SPIN TRAPPING TECHNIQUE STUDIES ON ACTIVE OXYGEN RADICALS FROM HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES DURING FLUORIDE-STIMULATED RESPIRATORY BURST

SUMMARY: By means of the ESR spectrum technique it was demonstrated that fluoride (F-) stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in a respiratory burst to generate active oxygen radicals ( •02 and -OH) and to consume oxygen (0 2). The experiments' using the spin trapping technique with the nitrone DMPO as the trapping agent indicated that the PMN produce the adduct DMPO-OOH under high concentrations of F- and the adduct DMPO-OH under low concentrations of F-. Under medium concentrations of F-, DMPO-OOH was produced which then decreased in amount as a decrease occurred in F- concentration. The results of tests of scavenging by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase suggested that the active oxygen radicals generated in the respiratory burst originated mainly from superoxide (-02). By the spin probe oximetry method (CTPO and CrOX) it was shown that the 02 consumed is from the intercellular medium.
Mental Models : The Role of Representations in Problem Solving in Chemistry PROCEEDINGS

A combination of techniques including field notes collected in operating classrooms, informal interviews with students in a tutorial environment, and formal structured interviews have been applied to study problem solving in chemistry among groups ranging from freshman enrolled in general chemistry through 6th-year graduate students within a variety of content domains including general, organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry. Regardless of the level of the students from whom data have been collected or the content domain in which the data were obtained we have found that one of the characteristic differences between successful and unsuccessful problem solvers is the number and kinds of representations they bring to the problem.
Inter-organisational routines and transformation of customer relationships in collaborative innovation

Innovation, learning and knowledge leverage are crucial for the competitive edge of knowledge-intensive firms. In recent research on business relationships, the significance of studying routines embedded in inter-organisational learning has been stressed as a key element in understanding the development of relationships. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an approach for increasing understanding of the driving forces and influence of inter-organisational routines in the transformation process towards deeper customer-orientated collaboration in innovation. In practice, the results of the paper aim to promote organisations' balance between exploitation- and exploration-related activities towards more customer-orientated innovation management. The case study on the knowledge-intensive engineering consultancy industry illustrates features, driving forces and observed routines influencing the transformation process and collaborative learning mechanisms. Final conclusions and managerial implications are based on an analysis of the theoretical and empirical parts of the study.
Effects of organic acid and probiotic on performance and gut morphology in broiler chickens

The effects of organic acid, probiotic and a combination of the two on performance and gut morphology in broiler chickens were investigated. Two hundred and forty one-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments with six replicates, each with eight birds. The treatments were basal diet (negative control, NC), basal diet + antibiotic (positive control (PC)), NC + 0.4% organic acid (OA), NC + 0.3% probiotic (PB) and NC + 0.4% OA and 0.3% PB. Reduced body weight gain (BWG) was recorded for birds on the NC diet at the starter phase and over the total period. The addition of OA significantly increased BWG compared to values obtained in birds on the NC and other diets. Diet had no effect on BWG at the grower phase or on feed intake, dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio in any growth phase. Gain : feed ratio was lowered in the NC diet, but improved significantly by OA and PB in the starter phase. Organic acid supplementation reduced the weight of the bursa of Fabricius. The weight of pancreas, height of villi and crypt depth were reduced in birds on the NC diet compared with those on OA, PB and a combination of these. Diet had no effects on the weights of the lungs, heart, spleen, kidneys, liver, villus width, villus height : crypt depth ratio, lactic acid bacteria, coliform bacteria and total bacterial count in any gut section. In conclusion, supplementation of broiler diets with OA and PB could improve their growth and gut morphology better than antibiotics would, with a greater positive effect in the starter phase. Keywords: Broiler chickens, gut health, organic acids, performance, probiotics
Screening Arab Israeli Pregnant Women for Group B Streptococcus by the AmpliVue GBS Assay: Are the Rates Higher than the National Average?

BACKGROUND The recommendation of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention regarding universal screening for Group B Streptococcus (GBS) at 35-37 weeks gestational age in pregnancy is not accepted in Israel. The National Council for Obstetrics, Neonatology and Genetics recommends intrapartum prophylaxis, mainly based on risk factors, to prevent early neonatal GBS infection. This policy is based on past studies demonstrating low colonization rates of the bacteria in Israeli pregnant women and very low neonatal sepsis rates. OBJECTIVES To determine the applicability of the high-risk group prophylaxis policy for Arab Israeli pregnant women. METHODS Vaginorectal swabs from Arab Israeli pregnant women who attended the labor ward between October 2015 and February 2016, were obtained before any pelvic examination for GBS identification using Quidel's AmpliVue® GBS assay. Women who tested positive received intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent neonatal infection. Obstetric data were collected from each woman from a standardized questionnaire. Data regarding the delivery and neonates were collected as well. RESULTS The study comprised 188 Arab pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria and signed a consent form to participate in the study. Of these, 59 had positive tests, and a carriage rate of 31%. No neonatal colonization of GBS was found. CONCLUSIONS The carrier rate in Arab pregnant women in northern Israel is higher than the national average, at least partially due to the more sensitive method of GBS detection used in the present study.
BG Model Based on Bagnold's Concept and Its Application to Analysis of Elongation of Sand Spit and Shore - Normal Sand Bar

© 2012 Uda et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. BG Model Based on Bagnold’s Concept and Its Application to Analysis of Elongation of Sand Spit and Shore – Normal Sand Bar
An Experimental Analysis of Spatial Position Effects on Foraging and Vigilance in Brown‐Headed Cowbird flocks

Several observational studies have found that the costs and benefits of social foraging vary as a function of spatial position in the group. However, it is difficult to make mechanistic inferences because several confounding factors, such as food deprivation levels, food availability, neighbor distance, and group size can mask or amplify spatial position effects. We attempted to address experimentally the effect of spatial position on foraging and vigilance in a group, controlling for many confounding factors. We used enclosures that restricted physical but not visual interactions between brown-headed cowbirds and manipulated spatial position, flock size, and neighbor distance. Pecking rate (number of pecks per trial duration) was not related with position, but instantaneous pecking rate (number of pecks per foraging bout duration) was higher at the edge. The proportion of time spent head-up (scanning and food-handling) was also higher at the edge. For pecking rate and proportion of time spent scanning, changes in neighbor distance influenced the behavior of edge birds to a lesser extent than central birds. These results suggest that cowbirds at the edge perceived greater predation risk and that during the limited foraging time available, edge birds tried to compensate by foraging at a faster rate.
STUDY OF DERMATOGLYPHIC PATTERNS OF HANDS IN WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER

The objective was to study the relationship of digital dermatogletphic patterns of hands in women with breast cancer and or at risk for developing breast cancer. Fingerprints were studied in 616 women in three groups: (1) 154 breast cancer patients (2) 154 females at increased risk for developing breast cancer and (3) 308 control females for the purpose of finding patterns that would identify those women with breast cancer or those who are predisposed to its development. A pattern of 6 or more digital Whorls was identified more frequently in women with breast cancer (48.7%) as compared in the control group to (27.5%) (P < 0.05). It was also more frequent in women with known risk factors for breast cancer (47.4%) as compared in the control group to (27.5%) (P < 0.05). No obvious differences were noted in women at increased risk for developing breast cancer (47.4%) when compared with women who had breast cancer (48.7%). Digital dermatoglyphics may play an important role in identifying women either with or at increased risk for breast cancer so that either risk reduction measures or earlier therapy may be instituted. (authors)
Growth and Grain Yield of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Genotypes at Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization in the Southeastern United States

Pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br) has the requisite characteristics for dry land production in the southeastern USA in comparison to the traditional grain crops while requiring less input. The purpose of this study was to identify the genotypes that produce the highest yield and seed quality at different rates of nitrogen. Four pearl millet genotypes (2304, LHB08, 606A1*2304 and 707A1*4280) were cultivated on secondary land and treated with 4 different nitrogen rates: 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha -1 . The genotypes were evaluated for agronomic parameters including booting, number of tillers, plant height, plant weight, number of heads, head length and yield. Nitrogen rate did not have any significant effect on the head length, number of tillers and plant (dry) weight among the genotypes. Plant height ranged between 96 and 111 cm and was significantly different among the genotypes. However, numerically, genotype LHB08 produced the longest heads (42 cm) and highest seed yield (6,159 kg ha -1 ) across all treatments. Overall, nitrogen rate did not produce significant difference in yield among the genotypes. Since grain yield obtained in this study is comparable to those reported elsewhere, it can be inferred that pearl millet has the potential as a new grain crop for the southeastern United States. Furthermore, results demonstrated that pearl millet can be grown with limited N-input. As N-fertilization is the major cost of producing any crop, pearl millet offers special opportunity for large number of limited resource farmers in the region.
Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in Selected Banks in Rwanda

This study was set to determine the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in Banque Populaire du Rwanda, Kigali branches. It was based on both descriptive and cross-sectional survey designs. A selfadministered questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 498 customers, using convenient sampling technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS’s frequencies and percentages, means, and Pearson’s Linear Correlation Coefficient. The study was based on five research objectives: (a) to determine the profile of respondents in terms of gender, type of account, educational qualification and banking experience, (b) to determine the level of service quality in BPR, (c) to determine the level of customer satisfaction among BPR customers (d) to determine relationship between service quality and customers’ satisfaction in BPR and (e) to recommend strategies enhance customer satisfaction basing on the study findings. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents were female, over three equators with current type of account, over half of the respondents had no professional education qualification and majority of the respondents had been customers for BPR for relatively a long period of time that is from three years and above. It went ahead to revealed that both the level of service quality and customer satisfaction was at mean ≈3 (high level). The findings from PLCC showed a significant and positive relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction while comparing dimension like customer loyalty with reliability, responsiveness and assurance. On the other hand, comparison based on positive word of mouth with service quality sub-variables like Reliability, Assurance, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness, revealed that there was no significant relationship between the variables. The researcher recommended that if BPR is to improve on service it offers to her customers to ensure their satisfaction, BPR staff should: (a) maintains on error-free records service, (b) handle customer problems in constant manner, (c) be willing to solve customer problems promptly and (d) understand specific needs of individual customers.
Work readiness in graduate recruitment and selection: A review of current assessment methods

Graduate recruitment and selection differs from other contexts in that graduate applicants generally lack job-related experience. Recent research has highlighted that employers are placing increasing value on graduates being work ready. Work readiness is believed to be indicative of graduate potential in terms of long term job performance and career advancement. A review of the literature has found that current graduate recruitment and selection practices lack the rigour and construct validity to effectively assess work readiness. In addition, the variety of interchangeable terms and definitions articulated by employers and academics on what constitutes work readiness suggests the need to further refine this construct. This paper argues that work readiness is an important selection criterion, and should be examined systematically in the graduate assessment process, as a construct in itself. The ineffectiveness of current assessment methods in being able to measure work readiness supports the need to develop a specific measure of work readiness that will allow more effective decision practices and potentially predict long term job capacity and performance.
Biological Effects of Very Low Frequency ( VLF ) Atmospherics in Humans : A Review

Ð The living organism is constantly affected by natural electromagnetic influences covering a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes. One of these influences, with frequencies in the very low frequency (VLF) range, (1-100 kHz) is represented by a phenomenon called VLF-atmospherics or VLF-sferics. Sferics are very short, weak, and dampened electromagnetic impulses generated by atmospheric discharges (lightning). Due to this fact, they can be used to study the characteristics of lightning, as well as the lower ionosphere. Besides their significance as indicators of thunderstorm activity, it has been hypothesized that sferics are able to affect the functioning of living organisms and physico-chemical systems. More specifically, this atmospheric parameter has been considered a possible trigger for changes in the somatic and emotional well-being of humans, sometimes referred to as weather sensitivity symptoms or meteoropathy. The following review attempts to summarize present knowledge of biological significance of VLFsferics in humans.
Monitoring the Function of the Heart Using the Monophasic Action Potential-Investigation in the Langendorff Perfused Rabbit Heart

In 1997, more than 120,000 cardiac operations were performed in Germany. More than 90,000 of these operations were open heart procedures using the heart lung machine for extracorporal circulation (ECC) [1]. The introduction of ECC by Gibbon [2] (1953) and Kirklin [3] (1955) enabled the surgeons to perform open heart surgery in the way we know it today. Although there are different techniques for the management during ECC, most surgeons prefer to use cardioplegic solutions, normally a cold saline solution containing potassium as the essential part, to achieve cardiac arrest for a determined part of the operation. The cardiac arrest is strictly necessary for most open heart procedures and therefore, cardioplegia is unavoidable to protect the heart from ischemia. But, depending on the extent of cardioplegic arrest, alterations of myocardial function can be found. That happened even though the heart was protected as good as possible and no technical problems occurred. In many of these cases, standard examinations like surface ECG do not show any alterations and other tests like a continuously performed transesophageal echo are not Monitoring the Function of the Heart Using the Monophasic Action Potential Investigation in the Langendorff Perfused Rabbit Heart
Family background and students’ achievement on a university entrance exam in Brazil

This paper examines the determinants of students’ performance on the entrance test at Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil. Particular attention is paid to the importance of family background variables, such as parents’ education and family income, on students’ performance and how they relate to the probability of attending public schools and private tutoring classes. Results suggest that parents’ education and study environment are key determinants of students’ achievements. Also, they are positively related to the probability of attending private schools and private tutoring classes, which are both estimated to have a positive effect on test scores. Finally, the quantile regression estimation shows that the effect of parents’ education and family income varies across the conditional score distribution. These results highlight the need for developing policies that seek to improve the equality of opportunities in access to higher education. They are of special importance for a developing country like Brazil, in which not only the level of inequality is among the highest in the world but also the level of social intergenerational mobility is among the lowest compared to international standards.
Aging, gender, and self: Dimensionality and measurement invariance analysis on self-construal

The dimensionality of self-construal, and the consistency of this dimensionality across age and gender, was examined using confirmatory factor and measurement invariance analyses. Across young and older adults, across men and women, and across White Americans and Hispanic Americans, a four-factor solution, including vertical and horizontal interdependence and vertical and horizontal independence, fitted the data better than a two-factor solution with vertical and horizontal dimensions posited as single factors. These results support the hypothesized individual-level multidimensionality of self-construal and suggest that it is structurally similar to the dimensionality of individualism – collectivism at the cultural level. Latent mean comparisons revealed that elders valued uniqueness, on average, more than young adults and that both genders strive equally for achievement, albeit through different means. Implications for cross-level (i.e., cultural vs. individual) and multidimensional understandings of the self are discussed.