Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of TiO2, Cu2O, and TiO2/Cu2O thin films for application in PV devices

Several Cu2O and TiO2 thin films and four additional TiO2/Cu2O structures were fabricated by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. The process parameters were selected on the basis of earlier studies and numerical simulations. We examined the morphology of a cross-section of the PV structures, roughness and topography, and the transmission spectra of the thin films. Additionally, the properties of the samples were determined by X-ray diffraction. Next, the morphology cross-sectional and layer compositions of the solar cells was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Only one of the TiO2/Cu2O structures appeared smooth and homogeneous with columnar-type growth. For the as-grown films, diffraction peaks were observed and identified as brookite, rutile, CuO, and Cu2O and the average roughness of the samples was 0.5, 1.2, 5.4, and 4.0 nm, respectively. Finally, the transmission spectra of the thin films were recorded. Transmission and reflection spectra of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were analyzed, and the optical band gap and absorption coefficient of the oxidized layers were calculated. In the region of 400 to 1000 nm, transmittance varied from 5% to 70% in the TiO2 samples, and from 15% to 40% in the Cu2O samples, and reflectance of the TiO2 and Cu2O samples ranged from 20% to 90%. In the region of 1.5 eV to 3.5 eV, the mean absorption coefficient varied from ∼105 1/cm to ∼3 · 105 1/cm for TiO2 thin film, and from ∼2 · 105 to ∼6 · 105 1/cm for Cu2O thin film. The optical band gap values of the samples shifted slightly toward bulk anatase-3.5 eV, bulk rutile-3.1 eV, and copper(I) oxide. Finally, silver contacts were used for the electrodes. One of the fabricated TiO2/Cu2O PV structures was found to be sensitive to electromagnetic radiance during the experiment.Several Cu2O and TiO2 thin films and four additional TiO2/Cu2O structures were fabricated by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. The process parameters were selected on the basis of earlier studies and numerical simulations. We examined the morphology of a cross-section of the PV structures, roughness and topography, and the transmission spectra of the thin films. Additionally, the properties of the samples were determined by X-ray diffraction. Next, the morphology cross-sectional and layer compositions of the solar cells was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Only one of the TiO2/Cu2O structures appeared smooth and homogeneous with columnar-type growth. For the as-grown films, diffraction peaks were observed and identified as brookite, rutile, CuO, and Cu2O and the average roughness of the samples was 0.5, 1.2, 5.4, and 4.0 nm, respectively. Finally, the transmission spectra of the thin films were recorded. Transmission and reflection spectra of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were analyze.
Chromosome 17 and hereditary dementia

Several previous families with differing clinical and pathologic characteristics have demonstrated linkage to the 17q21–22 region. We have performed a linkage analysis with chromosome 17 markers on three families showing autosomal dominant inheritance of non-Alzheimer dementia and 60 kindreds with late-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). Family A shows unequivocal evidence of linkage with a maximum lod score of 5.0 for marker D17S934 (𝛉 = 0.001). This family has an unusual syndrome of a schizophrenia-like psychosis beginning in the fifth or sixth decade followed by severe dementia with an average disease duration of 13.8 years. Neuropathology from five autopsies in this family has shown marked neurofibrillary tangle formation (NFT), degeneration of the amygdala, and no amyloid plaques. This confirms the presence of a gene associated with dementia on 17q and extends the related phenotype to include schizophrenia-like symptoms and classic NFT pathology. A second family with early aphasia progressing to dementia and cortical-basal ganglion-like degeneration also has suggestive evidence for linkage to 17q. A third family with very early-onset dementia (mean, 31 years) and nonspecific pathology can be excluded from the 17q region and emphasizes additional genetic heterogeneity in non-Alzheimer hereditary dementia. Finally, we also present evidence against linkage to D17S579 in the set of 60 families with late-onset FAD, providing further evidence that the chromosome 17 gene is unlikely to be involved in the pathogenesis of typical AD.
Prostaglandins Enhance Epidermal Growth Factor-Induced DNA Synthesis in Hepatocytes by Stimulation of E Prostanoid 3 and F Prostanoid Receptors

Prostaglandins stimulate hepatocyte proliferation in vivo and in vitro. We have examined the role of E prostanoid (EP) and F prostanoid receptors (FP) in enhancing the growth-stimulatory effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in cultured hepatocytes. The EP2 receptor agonist butaprost had no significant effect on EGF-induced DNA synthesis. EP1 receptor-selective antagonists did not affect the enhancement by prostaglandin E2 of EGF-stimulated DNA synthesis. Sulprostone, misoprostol, and fluprostenol strongly enhanced DNA synthesis and inhibited glucagon-stimulated cAMP accumulation, indicating that they all activated EP3 receptors. Sulprostone and fluprostenol, and to a lesser extent misoprostol, stimulated accumulation of inositol phosphates. The effects of fluprostenol and sulprostone on phospholipase C (PLC) were inhibited by the FP receptor antagonist AL-8810 [9α, 15R-dihydroxy-11β-fluoro-15-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)-16,17,18,19,20-pentanor-prosta-5Z, 13E-dien-1-oic acid], indicating that this effect was mediated by FP receptors. Inhibition of protein kinase C with GF109203X [2-[1-(3-dimetylaminopropyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-maleimide] resulted in a partial reduction of the growth stimulation induced by fluprostenol, indicating a minor role of FP receptors. Combining fluprostenol with misoprostol, but not with sulprostone, resulted in partially additive effects on DNA synthesis, suggesting that both EP3 and FP receptors are involved. Combining sulprostone with misoprostol did not result in additive effects on DNA synthesis, suggesting that EP4 receptors were not involved. We conclude that, although a minor effect is exerted by FP receptors, the growth-stimulatory effects of prostaglandins in rat hepatocytes are mediated mainly by EP3 receptors. We have found no evidence of EP1 receptor involvement.
Tension and contraction time of motor units of the middle ear muscles in the cat.

The all-or-none contraction of 46 individual tensor tympani motor units and of 44 individual stapedius motor units in response to threshold stimulation of their motor neurones have been recorded. The tensor tympani was found to contain two types of twitch motor units, a fast type and a slow type. The fast type had a contraction time between 23 and 40 ms, a half relaxation time between 17 and 46 ms and a tetanic fusion rate of 75 Hz. The slow type had a contraction time between 58 and 92 ms, a half relaxation time between 52 and 100 ms and a tetanic fusion rate of 15 to 20 Hz. The stapedius muscle consisted of only one type of twitch motor units, a fast type with contraction time from 14 to 39 ms, a half relaxation time from 15 to 50 ms, and a tetanic fusion rate between 75 and 100 Hz. The number of motor units was estimated as the ratio between the average twitch tension of the muscles to supramaximal stimulation and the average twitch tension of individual motor units. On the average, the tensor tympani contained 92 fast and 40 slow twitch motor units and the stapedius 87 fast twitch motor units.
Validity and reliability of visual acuity measurements

A more scientific method than the Snellen chart for determining visual acuity is imperative for research studies and is desirable in many clinical situations. The psychometric method using the constant contour interaction S‐chart of Flom has been regarded as an accurate and reliable visual acuity measure and has been used widely for research purposes. This paper compares visual acuity measured by the S‐chart with that measured by the Snellen and Bailey‐Lovie charts. The results indicate that the Baily‐Lovie chart is a valid, reliable and rapid method of measuring threshold visual acuity for research purposes.
L* Protein of Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus Is Required for Virus Growth in a Murine Macrophage-Like Cell Line

We sought to confirm the importance of L* protein for growth ofTheiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) in a macrophage-like cell line, J774-1. The protein is out of frame with the polyprotein and synthesized in DA but not GDVII subgroup strains of TMEV. A recombinant virus, DANCL*/GD, which substitutes the DA 5′ noncoding and L* coding regions for the corresponding regions of GDVII and synthesizes L* protein, grew with little restriction in J774-1 cells. In contrast, another recombinant virus, DANCL*-1/GD, which has an ACG rather than an AUG as the starting codon of L* protein at nucleotide 1079, resulting in no synthesis of L* protein, did not grow well. No significant difference between the rates of adsorption to J774-1 cells of these viruses was observed. RNase protection assay demonstrated that DANCL*/GD viral RNA significantly increased, whereas only a minimal increase was observed for DANCL*-1/GD. The present study suggests that L* protein is required for virus growth in macrophages.
Safety of Simultaneous Administration of Diminazene aceturate and Sulphadimidine Sodium in Donkeys

Article history Received:19 August 2014 Accepted: 21September 2014 Available online: 1 March 2015 A study was conducted to evaluate the safety of repeated administration of Diminazene aceturate (Berenil) and/or Sulphadimidine sodium in donkeys. For this purpose 18 healthy male donkeys, 4-10 years of age were allocated into three treatment groups, each of 6 animals. The first group was treated with Diminazene aceturate at a dose rate of 3.5 mg/kg intramuscularly for three successive days, animals in the second group were subjected to treatment with sulphadimidine sodium at a dose rate of 3 ml/10 kg for three consecutive days, while the third group had been subjected to treatment with combination of the two drugs Diminazene aceturate and sulphadimidine sodium with the same previous doses for three successive days. Animals were monitored for two hours following each administration of the drugs. Blood samples were collected before (Baseline), during (1, 2, and 3), and at (5, 7, and 10) days following the first treatment to evaluate some haematological (PCV, RBCs, and HB) and blood biochemical parameters (total protein, albumin, Bilirubin, urea, creatinine, and the effectiveness of liver enzymes (Alanine aminotransferase ALT and Aspartate aminotransferase enzyme AST), calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium). Results obtained showed fluctuation in the parameters tested but still the values were within the normal reference values reported in donkeys. It is to be concluded that administration of diminazene aceturate, Sulphadimidine sodium alone or in combination for three continuous days is safe in healthy donkeys.
Myopathy associated with anti–signal recognition peptide antibodies: Clinical heterogeneity contrasts with stereotyped histopathology

We report three patients with anti–signal recognition particle antibodies who had different presenting clinical pictures, mimicking acute polymyositis, limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy, and acute rhabdomyolysis. Muscle biopsies typically showed necrotizing myopathy with little or no inflammation and deposits of membrane attack complex (C5b‐9) in endomysial capillaries. The clinical course was severe in two patients and mild in one. The combination of corticosteroid with either an immunosuppressive agent or intravenous immunoglobulins was required to improve the condition of these patients. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Study on the Basic Performance of Three‐phase Fluidized Bed Equipment for Solar Photocatalysis–Membrane Separation

In this study, three‐phase fluidized bed equipment for the solar photocatalysis–membrane separation (E‐SPME), comprising solar photocatalytic degradation and membrane separation zones, was first introduced, and the photocatalytic degradation of acid red B wastewater (ARBW) with a TiO2 photocatalyst was investigated using the E‐SPME. The experimental results indicated the circulating flow of wastewater between the two zones and the increase in the ARBW photocatalytic degradation efficiency with decreasing membrane flux. The same experimental phenomenon was observed with the change in the aeration rate in the lower water tank from 0.10 to 0.40 m3 h−1, but the degradation efficiency started to decrease with further increase in the aeration rate to 0.50 m3 h−1. The degradation efficiency on a clear day was greater than that on a cloudy day; however, it was significantly improved with the opened UV lamps on a cloudy day. The steady operation of the E‐SPME was still possible by the opening of the UV lamps on completely cloudy and clear days with a solar light intensity of <13.0 W m−2.
Morphological Characterization and Intraspecific Variation of Zoothamnium intermedium Precht, 1935 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) Attached to Calanoid Copepods in the Chesapeake Bay, USA

ABSTRACT. A redescription of Zoothamnium intermedium Precht, 1935, a peritrich epibiont on copepods, is provided using specimens colonizing Acartia tonsa and Eurytemora affinis in Chesapeake Bay, USA. Bell‐shaped zooids of Z. intermedium ranged in size from 31.2–54.7 μm × 16.7–31.3 μm in vivo. A single contractile vacuole and a “C shaped” macronucleus lie in the upper half of the body. Colonies had up to 30 zooids, but most presented two to four zooids. The single myoneme was continuous from the zooids through the lateral branches and basal stalk, terminating 4–73.2 mm before the attachment point of the colony. The ciliature of Z. intermedium was typical of sessile peritrichs, consisting of an outer haplokinety and an inner polykinety 1 (PK1) that made ∼ turns around the peristomial disk before entering the infundibulum. Within the infundibulum, PK 1 was accompanied by polykinetid 2 (PK2) and polykinetid 3 (PK3), each consisting of three kinetosomal rows: PK2 of Z. intermedium terminated adoral to the aboral end of PK1 and had a central row of kinetosomes shorter than the lateral rows. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an annular pattern of pellicular ridges with pellicular pores. Morphological features used in peritrich species identification are quantified for specimens attached to both hosts and compared with other species of Zoothamnium. Statistically significant differences found between specimens attached to A. tonsa and E. affinis may reflect phenotypic plasticity rather than infestation by multiple species of Zoothamnium.
INVESTIGATION OF PROTEINURIA IN PREGNANCY BY IMMUNO‐ELECTROPHORESIS

PROTEINUR~A in pregnancy may be due to a variety of conditions, such as pre-eclampsia, urinary infection, and primary renal diseases. Distinction between the various conditions is difficult, even after biochemical investigations and renal biopsy. Urinary protein studies by paper electrophoresis have been undertaken by several workers (Lorincz et al., 1961; Mack, 1955; Parviainen et al., 1951) to differentiate toxaemia from other disorders, but the method is not satisfactory for definite diagnosis. Recently, more precise studies of proteinuria have become possible by utilizing immunoelectrophoretic techniques, and these have been carried out in cases of nephrosis and proliferative glomerulonephritis, in an attempt to correlate biochemical analysis with renal function (Hardwicke, 1965; Cameron and White, 1965). The present report deals with a study of proteinuria in pregnancy using this technique.
Effects of Voluntary Apnea on Haemodynamic Responses during Groundwork Techniques of Judo

Context: Several studies were conducted on physiology of apnea in scuba diving. No survey has been reported in fighting sports. Objective: To evaluate cardiovascular variations misled by voluntary apnea during groundwork techniques of judo training. Methods: The temporal evolution of heart rate and modifications of the blood pressure have been investigated during cross sectional and experimental study. A total of 28 Congolese judoists took part in the study. The voluntary apnea was achieved by a judoist to try to carry out two kinds of groundwork (hon-gesagatame and kamishiho-gatame). According to the case, Student t test and analysis of variance were used for comparing data. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the effect of “type of groundwork technique × category of weight”. Results: Between 0 and 3 seconds, tachycardia has been observed during the static groundwork techniques and then bradycardia occurred to 3 - 9 seconds for the dynamic groundwork techniques : +6.8% of the rest frequency versus -9.4% for hon-gesa; +4.9% versus -13.7% for kami-shiho. Thereafter, it followed a fluctuation of heart rate of 9 - 15 seconds. Beyond, a stagnation was noted for hongesa, whereas a minimal increase (<5%) for kami-shiho. In relation to the systolic arterial pressure, a meaningful rise was recovered: +46.5% (hon-gesa) versus +50.1% (kami-shiho) in static exercise; +43.4% (hon-gesa) versus +43.3% (kami-shiho) in dynamic exercise. The report was similar for the diastolic arterial pressure: +31.5% (hon-gesa) versus 30.0% (kami-shiho) in static exercise; +20.3% (hon-gesa) versus +23.8% (kami-shiho) in dynamic exercise. Conclusion: The apnea consecutive to the hindrance of an exit groundwork technique to judo drags bradycardia increased while exercise realized static posture, and a rise of the arterial pressure.
Organizational Demography

10 Definitions Termination 11 An organization is considered 12 terminated if it is fully abolished, 13 merged with another organization, 14 or split into different autonomous 15 new entities. Transition 16 An organization experiences a 17 transition if it is either terminated, 18 absorbed by another organization, 19 or succeeded by another 20 organization with a new name, at a 21 new level of operation, or with 22 other new structural 23 characteristics. 24 Introduction
The Effect of Obesity on Skin Disease and Epidermal Permeability Barrier Status in Children

Abstract: Obese adult patients have many dermatoses, such as skin tags, candida infection, cellulite, and intertrigo, but only limited data have been published on obese children and the barrier function of their skin. Sixty‐five overweight and obese children (n = 40, BMI 85th–95th percentile; n = 25, BMI > 95th percentile) (aged 8–15; mean age 11.6) and 30 normal‐weight controls (aged 7–15; mean age 11.1) underwent a clinical evaluation and calculation of transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Higher weight percentile was associated with a higher incidence of some dermatoses. Skin tags were found in 40% of subjects in the 95th percentile and 2.5% of those in the 85th percentile. Striae distensae were observed in 32% of patients in the 95th percentile and 22.5% of those in the 85th percentile. Plantar hyperkeratosis was observed only in 20% of the 95th percentile subjects and was not observed in the other groups. TEWL values at the forearm site were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in obese children than in the control group, but no significant differences in TEWL values according to BMI level were found between the two groups of obese children. Degree of obesity influences the incidence of some associated dermatoses; skin tags, striae distensae, and plantar hyperkeratosis were more frequent in children in the 95th percentile of BMI. Obesity increases the TEWL rate, suggesting that obese children might become more easily overheated as weight increases, with more profuse sweating because of the thick layers of subcutaneous fat.
Academic Information Services : A Library Management Perspective

AELSTRACT USINGNETWORKED INFORMATION RESOURCES to communicate the results of scholarship has great potential value for academic libraries. This development, here called “academic information services,” will require collaboration among libraries, scholars, computing centers, and university presses. Three barriers to collaboration are discussed: (1) clashes of organizational cultures, (2) personal incompatibilities, and (3) different approaches to change. In each case, library managers can take steps to overcome the barriers and help ensure successful collaboration. Developing appropriate organizational structures, selecting staff who work well in a collaborative environment, and showing leadership in organizational flexibility are all important management contributions to the development of academic information systems.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension amongst adults in a rural community of Limpopo Province, South Africa

Background Hypertension is problem already faced by urban populations of South Africa, but little is known about its prevalence and risk factors in rural areas. Aim To assess the prevalence of and risk factors associated with hypertension amongst adults in a rural community in South Africa. Setting Dikgale Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out at this site where individuals aged 15 years and older were screened using a locally adapted version of the World Health Organization STEPwise questionnaire. Demographics, anthropometry and three independent blood pressure (BP) readings were taken. The average of the three BP measurements was used in analysis, and hypertension taken as systolic and diastolic BP of ≥ 140 or ≥ 90 mmHg respectively, or at least a two-week history of antihypertensive treatment. Analysis included the Chi-square test and statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results A total of 1407 individuals were interviewed, of whom 1281 had complete BP, weight and height measurements taken. The mean age of participants was 44.2 ± 20.9 years(range 15–98 years), 63% were female, 55% were single and 90% were unemployed, whilst 13% were tobacco smokers and 20% reported drinking alcohol. Overall prevalence of hypertension was 41% and this was significantly associated with age and marital status. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was found to be high. Prevention strategies are urgently needed to address this life-threatening and important risk factor for cardiovascular disease in rural Limpopo Province.
Changing prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes: Molecular epidemiology and clinical implications in the hepatitis C virus hyperendemic areas and a tertiary referral center in Taiwan

To determine the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype distribution in Taiwan and to clarify the relationship between genotype and the pathogenesis of HCV infection, 1,164 subjects positive for serum HCV antibodies and HCV RNA from three HCV hyperendemic areas (Masago, Tzukuan, and Taoyuan) and a tertiary referral center in Taiwan were studied during 1995–1997. HCV genotypes and viral loads were determined using Okamoto's method and branched DNA assay, respectively. Genotype 1b was the most prevalent in Tzukuan (61.9%), Taoyuan (76.9%), and the referral center (47.0%). By contrast, genotype 2a was the major HCV type in Masago (63.5%). Prevalence of genotype 1b positively and that of genotype 2a negatively correlated to age, regardless of study populations (P < 0.01). Based on multivariate analysis, the significant factors associated with the presence of cirrhosis, with or without hepatocellular carcinoma, in chronic hepatitis C patients were genotype 1b and age. In conclusion, these results underline that independent HCV outbreaks continue in HCV hyperendemic areas in Taiwan, concomitant with a changing relative prevalence of HCV genotypes in relation to age. Both the correlation of genotype 1b with age (cohort effect) and intrinsic properties of HCV genotypes are probably responsible for the association between genotype and the pathogenesis of HCV infection. J. Med. Virol. 65:58–65, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.