Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon Contents and Structural Characteristics of Organic Matter in Soils of a Climo-biosequence in the Main Range of Peninsular Malaysia

Climate and vegetation are known to be the most important soil forming factors in determining carbon (C) contents and structural characteristics of organic matter (OM) in soils. Four representative soil profiles along a climo-biosequence in the Main Range of Peninsular Malaysia were investigated to determine the impacts of climate and vegetation on C contents and structural characteristics of OM. Soil samples from all genetic horizons were subjected to physical and chemical analyses. Structural characteristics of soil samples from selected horizons were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Soil organic carbon content to 1 m depth increased along the studied climo-biosequence, from 5.7 kg m -2 in Udult under hill dipterocarp forest to 8.9 kg m -2 in Humult under upper dipterocarp forest to 15.8 kg m -2 in Orthod under myrtaceous forest, reaching a maximum value of 49.6 kg m -2 in Saprist under ericaceous forest. FTIR spectra for the surface organic horizons showed an increase of aliphatic band (2920 cm -1 ) with increasing elevation from upper dipterocarp forest to ericaceous forest. The increase in aliphatic band with increasing elevation likely resulted from a selective preservation of aliphatic structures derived from original plants with high content of waxes. This study demonstrates that differences in C contents along the studied climo-biosequence are related to co-variation of climate and vegetation; however, vegetation, not climate, is the major driver of differences in structural characteristics of OM.
Microstructure and Electromagnetic Properties of Ni-Zn-Co Ferrite up to 20 GHz

The present paper examines the relation between different developed microstructures and the microwave electromagnetic properties in Ni-Zn-Co ferrite. To this end, the Ni0.25Zn0. 25Co0.5Fe2O4 composition has been prepared with the conventional ceramic process with varied prefiring (750°C, 1000°C) and sintering top temperatures (1200°C, 1250°C). When lower temperatures are applied in these production stages, incomplete microstructures with low density, higher porosity, or finer grains are achieved. On account of these features, the contributions of domain wall motion and spin rotation to the complex permeability move to higher frequencies, whereas microwave dielectric permittivity is decreased. In particular in conjunction with the high Co content, the wall relaxation and spin resonance are interestingly forced to occur at 850 MHz and 8.05 GHz, respectively. Regarding the electromagnetic wave attenuation, the ferrite annealed at lower temperatures exhibits strong return loss peaks at higher frequencies, but without other performance improvement. We should notice that the variations in sintering temperature yield the maximum changes in the recorded parameters, including the coercive field, and , indicating the inferior role of prefiring in Ni-Zn ferrite.
Can Near Real-Time Avalanche Occurrence Data Improve Avalanche Forecasting?

Avalanche forecasting is by large data driven - and experience-based. Snow instability data, which are of crucial importance, are scarce and often not available in time, i.e. when the forecast is established. Besides signs of instability, such as whumpfs, that can easily be observed and trans- mitted by backcountry recreationists via smart phones, avalanche occurrences are generally reported inconsistently and too late to be considered for the forecast. However, information on avalanche activ- ity provides unambiguous evidence of unstable snow conditions. In addition, these data are essential for developing statistical relations between meteorological data and avalanche formation. Whereas meteorological data are readily available with high temporal resolution - measured and modelled - the corresponding avalanche occurrence data are lacking. Based on two winters of seismic data from the Steintalli field site above Davos (Switzerland), we studied whether seismic monitoring provides precur- sory data for avalanche forecasting. Before periods of high wet-snow avalanche activity the waiting time between avalanches clearly decreased towards peak avalanche activity, suggesting that an early warning based on accurate and near real-time avalanche activity is possible. However, the same fea- ture was not observed for periods when dry snow avalanches occurred - though they were generally less frequent. Of course, prerequisites for applying the waiting time approach as an operational early warning tool are near real-time data transmission and automatic signal detection.
Evaluación preliminar de la huella genómica de genotipos élite de Rubus glaucus Benth. con marcadores AFLP

RESUMEN The Andean blackberry ( Rubus glaucus Benth.) is a promissory fruit crop for Colombia with potential to become an international commodity due to its high nutritional and nutraceutical value. Farmer genotypes from the national R. glaucus collection were selected from eight outstanding accessions according to their nutritional and agronomic value, for distribution among local producers. The goal of this work is to evaluate the genomic fingerprint by AFLP analysis of these elite genotypes using three primer combinations. From 179 total amplified loci produced by the three combinations, 20% resulted polymorphic. The EAGG/MCTT combination was the most informative with a 32% polymorphism and greater discrimination power. The genotypes tested showed a high average similarity (96%) and the accessions San Antonio and ILS-1863 formed independent groups with good statistical support in the clustering analysis. The remaining accessions did not form discrete groups with good support (<50%), probably due to genetic homogeneity among them and/or low resolving power of markers. This study is one of the first attempts to generate a genomic fingerprint of these farmer elite genotypes for protection, seed certification and future support to breeding programs. La mora de Castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth.) es un cultivo promisorio para Colombia por su potencial comercial internacional derivado de su alto valor nutricional y nutraceutico. De la coleccion nacional de mora se seleccionaron genotipos provenientes de ocho accesiones sobresalientes por sus caracteristicas nutricionales y agronomicas, para ser distribuidos entre los productores. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la huella genomica y las relaciones geneticas de estos genotipos elite mediante el analisis de marcadores AFLP generados con el uso de tres combinaciones de cebadores. De un total de 179 loci amplificados por las tres combinaciones, 20% resultaron polimorficos. La combinacion EAGG/MCTT fue la mas in formativa con un 32% de polimorfismo y un mayor poder de diferenciacion. Los genotipos presentaron una alta similitud promedio (96%) y las accesiones San Antonio e ILS-1863 formaron grupos independientes con buen soporte estadistico en el analisis de agrupamiento. El resto de accesiones no formaron grupos discretos con buen soporte (<50%), probablemente debido a la homogeneidad genetica entre ellas y/o al bajo poder de diferenciacion de los marcadores. El estudio representa una primera aproximacion al conocimiento de la huella genomica de estos genotipos de agricultor sobresalientes para proteccion, certificacion de semilla y posterior apoyo a programas de mejoramiento.
Kerapatan dan Bentuk Kristal Kalsium Oksalat Umbi Porang (Amorphophallus Muelleri Blume) Hasil Penanaman dengan Perlakuan Pupuk P dan K pada Fase Pertengahan Pertumbuhan

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk kristal kalsium oksalat yang ditemukan, pengaruh dari pupuk P dan K terhadap kerapatan kristal kalsium oksalat pada bagian tepi dan tengah umbi porang, dan mengetahui dosis pemberian pupuk P dan K yang dapat menurunkan kerapatan total kristal kalsium oksalat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan RAK pola faktorial 4x4 menggunakan 3x ulangan. Pemberian level pupuk P dan K masing-masing yaitu 0; 2,16; 4,32; dan 6,36 g/12 kg tanah,. Pengamatan kristal kalsium oksalat dilakukan dengan membuat preparat semi permanen, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengamatan mikroskopis kerapatan kristal kalsium oksalat yang meliputi bagian tepi dan tengah umbi. Data dianalisis statistik menggunakan ANOVA dengan α = 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan empat bentuk kristal kalsium oksalat yaitu rafida kecil, rafida besar, druse, dan X1. Perlakuan kombinasi pupuk P dan K tidak mempengaruhi kerapatan total kristal kalsium oksalat. Perlakuan dengan dosis pupuk P tunggal yang menghasilkan kerapatan total kristal kalsium oksalat paling rendah adalah dosis 4,32 g/12 kg tanah, sedangkan perlakuan tanpa pemberian pupuk P atau dosis 0 g/12 kg tanah memiliki kerapatan total kalsium oksalat paling tinggi. Perlakuan dengan pupuk K tunggal pada dosis 6,36 g/12 kg tanah memiliki kerapatan total kristal kalsium oksalat paling rendah, sedangkan kerapatan kristal kalsium oksalat paling tinggi terjadi pada perlakuan dengan dosis pupuk K 4,32 g/12 kg tanah. Perlakuan P secara tunggal memiliki pengaruh yang lebih baik untuk menurunkan kerapatan total kristal kalsium oksalat umbi porang pada fase pertengahan dibandingkan dengan pemberian pupuk K secara tunggal. Kata kunci : kerapatan kristal kalsium oksalat, kristal kalsium oksalat, porang , unsur K, unsur P
Epidural versus Intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia after Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass Surgery

Introduction: There is no clear consensus about the optimal postoperative pain management in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Patient-Controlled- Epidural-Analgesia (PCEA) compared to Intravenous-Patient-Controlled-Analgesia (IV-PCA) in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery. Methods: Between January 2013 and December 2014, 154 obese patients underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery. Included in our analyses were all patients receiving either IV-PCA or PCEA in their postoperative course. Group comparison with respect to patient demographics, co-morbidities, details of surgical procedure, details of postoperative course, NRS-scores at rest, and medical follow-ups were performed. Results: Overall 63 (44.4%) patients were treated by PCEA, 79 (55.6%) patients by IV-PCA. We observed no differences across the groups with respect to sex, age, ASA-score, co-morbidities, postoperative BMI, body height, pre- and postoperative weight, ideal weight, weight loss, duration of surgery and postoperative ward. Patient´s BMI (p=0.025) and excess weight before surgery (p=0.029) were significantly higher in the IV-PCA-group. Surgical complications occurred significantly more often in the IV-PCA group (p=0.045). Concerning the postoperative pain management there was no statistically significant difference between different NRS-scores throughout the study period. However, individuals in the IV-PCA-group received significantly more paracetamol (p<0.0001) and diclofenac combined with orphenadrine (p=0.003). Duration of PCA was longer in the PCEA-group compared to patients treated with IV-PCA (p<0.01). Conclusions: Particularly for obese patients, PCEA is more beneficial than IV-PCA, which is borne out by a significantly lower incidence of surgical complications observed in patients receiving PCEA.
The Analysis of Company Liquidity A Using Cash Conversion Cycle Application: Evidence from Taiwan

It is important to determine whether firms realize assets within a short period to settle liabilities when the debts are due. Most common indicators used to measure liquidity are the current and quick ratios. However, the cash conversion cycle period (CCC) may be a better approach. This study chooses two Taiwan companies in food industries: a listed company (Uni-President) and a delisted company (Tsin Tsin) to compare performance based on liquidity indicators. We examine financial data of the two companies from 1996 to 2005 (Tsin Tsin was delisted in 2006), to calculate their current ratio, quick ratio and cash conversion cycles. The research results show that CCC indicators better reflect the company's actual short term debt-paying ability and liquidity.
Telepsychiatry pilot-project in Denmark Videoconference by distance by ethnic specialists to immigrants/refugees

A telepsychiatry service, using broadband (sHDSL), was established in order to provide psychiatric assessments and/or treatment of immigrants/refugees. Mental health care of immigrants/refugees in Denmark is concentrated to specialized centres where treatment is provided via translators. Limited access to clinicians that speak immigrants/refugeeslanguage and understand their background can have influence on speed and accuracy of diagnosis and treatment. Clinicians involved in the project have ethnic background (including the language abilities) which enable providing mental health care on patientsown language, without translators. The main part of the work in the first year of this 3-years project consisted of diagnostic assessment and/or treatment conducted by videoconference in real time. All participants reported a high level of acceptance and satisfaction with telepsychiatry regardless their ethnicity, educational level or mental health state. Clinicians employed in specialized centres reported their attitudes toward the project and telepsychiatry in generally, through semi-structured interview. They express reluctance toward the aim of the project and would prefer to use translators.
Dynamical changes of the polar cap potential structure: an information theory approach

Abstract. Some features, such as vortex structures often observed through a wide spread of spatial scales, suggest that ionospheric convection is turbulent and complex in nature. Here, applying concepts from information theory and complex system physics, we firstly evaluate a pseudo Shannon entropy, H , associated with the polar cap potential obtained from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) and, then, estimate the degree of disorder and the degree of complexity of ionospheric convection under different Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) conditions. The aforementioned quantities are computed starting from time series of the coefficients of the 4th order spherical harmonics expansion of the polar cap potential for three periods, characterised by: (i) steady IMF B z > 0, (ii) steady IMF B z B z . A neat dynamical topological transition is observed when the IMF B z turns from negative to positive and vice versa, pointing toward the possible occurrence of an order/disorder phase transition, which is the counterpart of the large scale convection rearrangement and of the increase of the global coherence. This result has been confirmed by applying the same analysis to a larger data base of about twenty days of SuperDARN data, allowing to investigate the role of IMF B y too.
The spread of product development methodology: Exploring drivers and barriers in Swedish Industry

The outcome of Design, Innovation and Product development research is often manifested as recommendations in the form of methods, but these do not always find their way into industrial application. This paper elaborates on drivers and barriers for the spread of product development methodology based on 41 interviews with managers, designers, developers and knowledge brokers. Results indicate a range of motives for adopting methods including e.g. coordination of different actors, generation of documentation, methods serving as tools for various design tasks etc. However; the value of tools must be seen in relation to local conditions and practices. The spread of methods occurs between and within organisations and may be actively supported while ideally “good tools spread themselves”. Participants call for methods to be scalable or malleable, guiding, informing and enabling without constraining or enforcing too rigid procedures.
Possible allelopathic effects of three different weeds on germination and growth of maize (Zea mays) cultivars.

The experiment was designed to determine the allelopathic effects of three different weeds viz., Onion weed (Asphodelus tenuifolius Cavase), pill-bearing spurge/Asthma plant (Euphorbia hirta Linn) and Fumitory (Fumaria indica Haussk H.N.) on the growth of maize. The weed powders toxicity and their inhibitory effects on germination and growth of maize crop were observed. It was demonstrated that different weed species responded differently to the maize. It was observed that the Asphodelus tenuifolius and Fumaria indica inhibited % germination and germination index of maize. The growth parameters of maize did not show consistent effects by these weeds. During the present study, allelopathic effects were not revealed and more experiments are suggested before making any conclusion about the allelopathic characteristic considering these
International Environmental Agreements: An Emission Choice Model with Abatement Technology

The present paper examines the size of stable IEAs concerning transboundary environmental problems. A coalition is considered stable when no signatories wish to withdraw while no more countries wish to participate. We assume that the coalition behaves as a leader maximizing its members' aggregate welfare while the countries outside the coalition maximize their own welfare independently, taking the choice of the coalition as given. We further assume a benefit function that is concave in the country's own emissions, an environmental damage function that is convex in aggregate net emissions and an abatement cost function that is convex in the country's abatement effort. Each country chooses both its emission and abatement levels. Within this framework we find that the size of the stable coalition depends on the model's parameters but it is always larger than in the case in which countries are allowed to choose either emission or abatement level. Our results complement Barrett's (1994) suggestion that the size of the stable coalition depends on the model's parameters, even though we are imposing the constraint that the net emission flow is positive.
Prevalence and Pattern of Styloid Process Elongation and Calcification on Digital Panoramic Radiographs in an Iranian Population

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran 2 Dentist, Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3 Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dental Research Institute, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Phylogeny, palaeoecology, and invasion of non-marine waters by the late Miocene hemicytherid ostracod Tyrrhenocythere from Lake Pannon

Species of the ostracod genus Tyrrhenocythere were found in sediments at the western margin of the Danube Basin, dated as Pannonian zone MN9/MN10 of the late Miocene, together with the euryhaline ostracods Euxinocythere, Loxoconcha, Cyprideis, Hemicytheria, Amplocypris, and Paratethyan Candoninae. Sandy and clayey deposits intercalated with lignite seams, as well as the ostracod assemblages, reflect oscillations of Lake Pannon water level and salinity, from freshwater to pliohaline. Tyrrhenocythere most probably evolved by phyletic transformation from Hemicytheria. The hinge and the central muscle scars of Tyrrhenocythere are plesiomorphic characters and the two genera differ in the arrangement of the marginal pore canals (MPC). The transformation of simple, straight and thin MPC in Hemicytheria to polyfurcate MPC in Tyrrhenocythere can be observed in sympatric and contemporaneous populations in Lake Pannon. On the basis of orna− mentation, T. pezinokensis with heavily calcified valves bearing distinct ornamentation could be a descendent of ribbed and heavily calcified Hemicytheria and possibly represents an extinct lineage, while the lightly calcified T. transitivum sp. nov., T. rastislavi sp. nov., and T. sp. 1, and T. sp. 2 are possibly related to reticulated and punctate Hemicytheria. This model assumes that more than one Hemicytheria lineage transformed their arrangement of MPC, and suggests that Tyrrhenocythere is a polyphyletic genus. After the retreat of Lake Pannon, Tyrrhenocythere species immigrated, together with other ostracod and molluscan fauna, into the Dacian Basin and Eastern Paratethys. Later, in the uppermost Messinian, they colonised the western Mediterranean. Late Miocene and Pliocene Tyrrhenocythere are found in brackish or mixed brackish/freshwater taphocoenoses, but the Pleistocene examples also adapted to freshwater/oligohaline lacus− trine environment (Griffiths et al. 2002: 252). While salinity ranges of Tyrrhenocythere have shifted, toward freshwater since the late Miocene, temperature preference did not change. The mean annual air temperature of the Pannonian (15.6–21.7 C) is close to the temperature preference of living Tyrrhenocythere, with mean annual temperature 12 to 16 C. Two new species, T. rastislavi, and T. transitivum are described.
The properties of asymmetric unit root tests in the presence of mis-specified asymmetry

The seminal analysis of Enders and Granger (1998) is extended to examine the properties of asymmetric unit root tests when the nature of the actual asymmetric adjustment process underlying the observed data is unknown. The analysis is further extended by considering joint testing for asymmetric stationarity in addition to unit root testing. It is shown that the momentum-threshold autoregressive (MTAR) test outperforms the threshold autoregressive (TAR) test. The results indicate that when employing asymmetric unit root tests, practitioners will tend to detect asymmetry of an MTAR rather TAR nature, irrespective of the form of asymmetry actually present in the data.
Sectoral Structure and Entry Regulations

The sectoral allocation of labor differs considerably across developed economies, even in the presence of similar patterns of structural change. A general equilibrium model that captures the stylized facts of structural change is presented. In this framework, economy-wide barriers to entry hinder the development of dynamic sectors such as service industries. Moreover, higher service prices and rents in regulated economies reduce labor supply, providing a rationale for the negative association between product market regulations and the employment rate previously found in the literature. Empirical evidence presented shows that regulatory entry barriers help explaining differences in the sectoral allocation of labor across OECD countries.
Investigation of the Relationship between Moisture Content and Dielectric Constant of Wheat and Millet

Moisture content has significant effects on most properties of agricultural products. One of these properties which are highly affected by moisture content is the dielectric constant of grains and seeds. Capacitive technique is a suitable method for moisture prediction of grains and seeds. In this study, a cylindrical capacitive sensor was used to determine the dielectric constant of Iranian wheat and millet. Results showed that dielectric constant of grains are highly dependent on the moisture content and frequency. Polynomial and hyperbolic regression models were developed between dielectric parameter and moisture content. Results showed that hyperbola model is more suitable and had higher value of R 2 and lower value of SSE and RMSE. The best results were obtained at 500 kHz frequency for wheat and millet with R 2 respectively equal to 0.9999 and 0.9982 in hyperbola regression.