Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Embryonic development of the Drosophila brain. I. Pattern of pioneer tracts

The neuropile of the late embryonic Drosophila brain can be subdivided into a vertical component (cervical connective), a transverse component (supraesophageal commissure), and a horizontal component for which we propose the term protocerebral connective. The core of each neuropile component is formed by numerous axon fascicles, the trajectory of which follows an invariant pattern. In the present study we have used an antibody against the adhesion molecule Fasciclin II (FasII) that is expressed in a large number of early differentiating neurons of the Drosophila embryo to follow the development of the axon tracts of the brain. The FasII antigen appears on the surface of clusters of neuronal somata prior to axon outgrowth. These clusters, for which we propose the term fibre tract founder clusters, are laid out in a linear pattern that forms an almost uninterrupted longitudinal track reaching from the ventral nerve cord to the “tip” of the brain. After expressing FasII on their soma, neurons of the fibre tract founder clusters extend axons that grow along the surface of the founder clusters and form a simple system of pioneer tracts for each of the components of the brain neuropile. We have reconstructed the FasII‐positive fibre tract founder clusters and their axons from optical sections and generated digital 3‐D models that illustrate the spatial relationships of the pioneer tracts. Three fibre tract founder clusters, D/T, P1, and P3m, pioneer the cervical connective. P2l and P2m form a transverse track that pioneers the supraesophageal commissure. P4m and P4l/P5l/P5m form two tracts that pioneer a medial and a lateral component of the protocerebral connective, respectively. Because FasII expression continues uninterruptedly into the larval period when the “rudiments” of many parts of the adult neuropile are readily identifiable, it was possible to assign several of the embryonic pioneer tracts to definitive neuropile components, including the median bundle, antennocerebral tract, mushroom body, and posterior optic tract. J. Comp. Neurol. 402:10–31, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A case report of hydatid cysts containing aspergillus.

Infection by the Aspergi l l u s is usually obser ved in immunocompromised patients (1) while hydatid disease infected by the tapeworm Echinococcus is endemic in many parts of the world, most ommonly in the Middle East, Australia, Iceland, and South America. The liver and/or lungs are often affected (2). But Aspergillus within a hydatid cyst is extremely rare, and to our knowledge, no more than ten cases have been reported in the English literature. The patients reported mostly were in middleaged or suffering from other diseases (3-6), the patient in this case is the youngest one ever reported and is immunocompetent. Here, we described the clinical manifestations and possible mechanisms for the co-infection.
In Vitro Th1 Cytokine‐Independent Th2 Suppressive Effects of Bifidobacteria

A comparison between 17 strains of lactic acid bacteria and 15 strains of bifidobacteria indicated that bifidobacteria induced significantly lower levels of interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) in murine splenic cells. The present study aims to evaluate the effect and mechanism of Bifidobacterium longum BB536, a probiotic strain, in suppressing antigen‐induced Th2 immune response in vitro. BB536 suppressed immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IL‐4 production by ovalbumin‐sensitized splenic cells, but induction of Th1‐inducing cytokine production, such as IL‐12 and gamma interferon (IFN‐γ) tended to be lower compared with lactic acid bacteria. Neutralization with antibodies to IL‐12, IFN‐γ, IL‐10 and transforming growth factor β indicated negative involvement of Th1‐inducing cytokines and regulatory cytokines in the suppression of Th2 immune response by BB536, especially when treated at higher doses of BB536 (>10 μg cells/ml). Furthermore, BB536 induced the maturation of immature bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BM‐DCs), and suppressed antigen‐induced IL‐4 production mediated by BM‐DCs. These results suggested that BB536 suppressed Th2 immune responses, partially independent of Th1‐inducing cytokines and independent of regulatory cytokines, mediated by antigen‐presenting cells such as dendritic cells.
Do Different Case‐Mix Measures Affect Assessments of Provider Efficiency?: Lessons from the Department of Veterans Affairs

&NA; Although case‐mix adjustment is critical for provider profiling, little is known regarding whether different case‐mix measures affect assessments of provider efficiency. We examine whether two case‐mix measures, Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACGs) and Diagnostic Cost Groups (DCGs), result in different assessments of efficiency across service networks within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Three profiling indicators examine variation in resource use. Although results from the ACGs and DCGs generally agree on which networks have greater or lesser efficiency than average, assessments of individual network efficiency vary depending upon the case‐mix measure used. This suggests that caution should be used so that providers are not misclassified based on reported efficiency.
Current research on how infertility affects the sexuality of men and women.

OBJECTIVE To assess data published from 2000 to 2010 on the effect of infertility on the sexual function of men and women. DATA SOURCES The PubMed, Lilacs and Embase databases were searched for scientific articles assessing the sexual response of couples during infertility treatment. STUDY SELECTION Studies selected for this review were published in English and conducted in human beings; articles included meta-analyses and cross-sectional or cohort studies that used objective measurement tools to quantitatively assess the data. DATA EXTRACTION Seven studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. DATA SYNTHESIS Infertility is a major risk factor for sexual problems in both men and women. CONCLUSION Infertile couples are at higher risk of sexual dysfunction than fertile couples. We also describe several recent patents.
Testosterone concentrations in testicular interstitial fluid collected with a push-pull cannula or by drip-collection from adult rats given testosterone or aminoglutethimide.

This study was designed to investigate the differences in testosterone concentrations measured in testicular extracellular interstitial fluid obtained with a push-pull cannula or by post-mortem drip-collection. In the first experiment, testosterone-filled silicone elastomer capsules (2-16 cm lengths) or empty 2 cm capsules were implanted s.c. in adult male rats for 1 week. Animals were then anaesthetized and interstitial fluid was collected with a push-pull cannula for 1 h from one testis in each animal. Testicular and peripheral venous blood were then sampled and supernatant fluid was collected from the dispersed cells of the same testis. The contralateral testis in each animal was removed, and postmortem interstitial fluid obtained by drip-collection for 20 h at 4 degrees C. In animals given empty capsules, testosterone concentrations in drip-collected interstitial fluid were significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than testicular and peripheral venous blood levels, testicular fluid levels, and levels in interstitial fluid calculated from push-pull cannula samples. The concentrations of testosterone calculated in interstitial fluid collected with a push-pull cannula were never significantly greater than testicular venous blood levels. In animals with testosterone-filled capsules, testosterone concentrations measured in drip-collected interstitial fluid were similar to those calculated from push pull cannulae samples, and to testicular venous blood levels. In a second experiment, a group of adult male rats was pretreated with amino-glutethimide to block steroidogenesis. Two hours later, interstitial fluid was drip-collected from the testes of these animals and from a group of vehicle-treated controls. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The impact of a brief gratitude intervention on subjective well-being, biology and sleep

This randomised controlled experiment tested whether a brief subjective well-being intervention would have favourable effects on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine function and on sleep. We compared 2 weeks of a gratitude intervention with an active control (everyday events reporting) and no treatment conditions in 119 young women. The treatment elicited increases in hedonic well-being, optimism and sleep quality along with decreases in diastolic blood pressure. Improvements in subjective well-being were correlated with increased sleep quality and reductions in blood pressure, but there were no relationships with cortisol. This brief intervention suggests that subjective well-being may contribute towards lower morbidity and mortality through healthier biological function and restorative health behaviours.
Do Firms Adopt More Conservative Earnings Reporting Strategies after Restatements ?

This paper investigates a firm’s reporting behavior in restoring a damaged reputation after announcing restatements. We argue that improving earnings quality to a more conservative level should be a firm’s priority to restore financial statement credibility after experiencing restatement. This paper also tries to empirically show the linkage between restatement firms’ incentive and earnings strategy in the post-announcement period. We thus argue that firms experiencing severe restatement tend to adopt even more conservative accounting principles. The results of this study find that restatement firms barely adopt similar levels of conservatism to control firms after suffering from restatements. However, if firms restate financial statements because of overstating assets/revenues or understating liabilities/expenses, these restatements lead firms to adopt a more conservative accounting policy than control firms and firms involved in a minor restatement. This tendency is especially pronounced in the year of the restatement announcement. The conservatism level of restatement firms declines to no difference from control firms as time moves on. This research finds that restatement firms continuously adopt an aggressive accounting strategy in the pre-announcement period, but a constraint of earnings management exists as time closes to the year of announcement. Combined with the finding of conservative accounting strategy after restatement, our evidence suggests that restatement firms have a reversal of discretionary accruals behavior in the preand post-announcement period, especially for firms with severe restatements.
The Relationship Between Denture-Wearing and the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index in a Group of Institutionalised Romanian 65-74 Year Olds

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relation between prosthetic status and quality of life of a group of institutionalised 65-74 year olds using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. Methods: In 2010, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Iasi, Romania, among a convenience sample of 161 residents aged 65-74 years from the St. Parascheva Retirement Centre (118 [73%] females, 43 [27%] males). They were divided in three groups according to the type of prostheses: Group 1=people with complete dentures, Group 2=people with removable partial dentures, and Group 3=people with fixed or no prostheses. The subjects were clinically examined according to World Health Organization 1997 criteria by two calibrated dentists and their oral health-related quality of life was assessed using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) questionnaire. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the relevant authority. The resulting data were entered in to a statistical software program, for a statistical significance threshold at P
CREUTZFELDT‐JACOB DISEASE: A GOLGI STUDY

A cerebral biopsy of a patient with Creutzfeldt‐Jacob (C‐J) disease was examined with the Golgi method. Distortion of soma and neuronal processes associated with vacuolization of the neuropil was observed. The main findings were decreased numbers of basal dendrites and of branches of the apical dendrite of the pyramidal cells, marked loss of synaptic spines, and varicosities in the proximal segment of some apical and basal dendrites. These changes, though non‐specific, may be interpreted as the result of deafferentation, although primary reactions related to C‐J disease cannot be ruled out. These changes underline the intense disruption of intracortical connections which takes place in this condition in addition to the neuronal loss.
The Descriptive Properties of Some Models for Density Dependence

(1) The descriptive abilities of several difference equation models for density dependence have been examined, first by a qualitative comparison of their flexibility and secondly by considering their ability to describe thirty sets of data on density dependent mortality. (2) The qualitative comparison demonstrated that two of the models have forms which are particularly flexible. The quantitative comparison indicated that of these two, that due to Maynard Smith & Slatkin (1973) is better able to describe a wide range of data.
Reversal of Multidrug Resistance by Gefitinib Via RAF1/ERK Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line

Pancreatic cancer is a devastating malignancy, characterized by intrinsic or acquired resistance to conventional chemotherapies. Recent evidences suggest an involvement of tyrosine kinase pathway in the regulation of multidrug resistance (MDR) protein gene expression. The aim of this study was to test whether gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor could regulate the MDR protein gene expression and sensitize the resistant cancer cells to chemotherapy. The gene expression of MDR proteins (MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, and PGP) were evaluated by quantitative RT‐PCR, and expression levels of various tyrosine kinases were investigated by quantitative RT‐PCR and Western Blot in pancreatic cancer cell line. MTT assay was used for evaluating the effect of chemotherapeutic agents. Chemotherapeutics induced drug resistance by regulating the gene expression of MDR proteins (MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3), and increased the gene expression of RAF1/ERK and the phosphorylation of ERK in pancreatic cancer Bxpc‐3 cells. Gefitinib caused an inhibition of p‐ERK tyrosine kinase activation in a dose‐dependent manner, and reversed gemcitabine‐induced RAF1/ERK gene expression and p‐ERK activation. In addition, a reversal of MDR proteins gene expression was achieved by gefitinib, which sensitized resistant cells to gemcitabine. This study demonstrated that MDR of Bxpc‐3 cell is involved in the RAF1/ERK tyrosine kinase pathway. Gefitinib reverses the MDR protein gene expression and restores sensitivity of resistant cells to gemcitabine via RAF1/ERK signaling pathway. Combination of gefitinib with conventional chemotherapeutic agents may offer a new approach for the treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HIV/HCV co‐infection: histopathologic findings, natural history, fibrosis, and impact of antiretroviral treatment: a review article

Human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) co‐infection has emerged as a leading cause of liver morbidity in the last two decades. Liver failure is also frequently a cause of death in HIV/HCV co‐infected patients. Highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) has revolutionized the HIV treatment, leading to a significantly decreased morbidity, prolonged survival, and an overall better outcome of HIV infection. Hepatotoxicity associated with antiretroviral treatment, however, has been recognized as one of the serious complications of the treatment. The effects of HIV infection on the natural history and progression of HCV‐associated chronic liver disease that had been well documented in the pre‐HAART treatment era have been changing, and there are now many indications that HIV/HCV co‐infection should be recognized as an evolving and a challenging disease entity.
Intussusceptive angiogenesis: its role in embryonic vascular network formation.

Intussusceptive angiogenesis is a novel mode of blood vessel formation and remodeling, which occurs by internal division of the preexisting capillary plexus without sprouting. In this study, the process is demonstrated in developing chicken eye vasculature and in the chorioallantoic membrane by methylmethacrylate (Mercox) casting, transmission electron microscopy, and in vivo observation. In a first step of intussusceptive angiogenesis, the capillary plexus expands by insertion of numerous transcapillary tissue pillars, ie, by intussusceptive microvascular growth. In a subsequent step, a vascular tree arises from the primitive capillary plexus as a result of intussusceptive pillar formation and pillar fusions, a process we termed "intussusceptive arborization. " On the basis of the morphological observations, a 4-step model for intussusceptive arborization is proposed, as follows: phase I, numerous circular pillars are formed in rows, thus demarcating future vessels; phase II, formation of narrow tissue septa by pillar reshaping and pillar fusions; phase III, delineation, segregation, growth, and extraction of the new vascular entity by merging of septa; and phase IV, formation of new branching generations by successively repeating the process, complemented by growth and maturation of all components. In contrast to sprouting, intussusceptive angiogenesis does not require intense local endothelial cell proliferation; it is implemented primarily by rearrangement and attenuation of the endothelial cell plates. In summary, transcapillary pillar formation, ie, intussusception, is a central and probably widespread process, which plays a role not only in capillary network growth and expansion (intussusceptive microvascular growth), but also in vascular plexus remodeling and tree formation (intussusceptive arborization).
Ireteba Pluton, Eldorado Mountains, Nevada: Late, Deep‐Source, Peraluminous Magmatism in the Cordilleran Interior

The Ireteba pluton is a ∼66 Ma \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$\mathrm{biotite}\,\pm \mathrm{muscovite}\,\pm \mathrm{garnet}\,$$ \end{document} granite emplaced at the eastern edge of the Cordilleran plutonic belt in southeastern Nevada. In common with other Cordilleran peraluminous granites, its mineralogy, major element chemistry, isotopic composition, and abundant Proterozoic zircon inheritance document crustal origin. Distinctive trace element chemistry, field relations, and inherited components further constrain its genesis. High Sr concentrations, low heavy rare earth elements, and absence of negative Eu anomalies indicate that the Ireteba magma was extracted from a residue relatively rich in garnet and poor in feldspar; rounded quartz is probably a resorbed, high‐P liquidus phase or restite. The granite shares with adakites (slab‐derived arc magmas) and Archean granitoids the Sr–rare earth element signature of deep‐source origin. Nd‐Sr isotopic compositions indicate a dominantly crustal origin for the granite, but it is less mature than the underlying ancient Mojave crust. The granite is apparently a hybrid derived primarily from the ancient crust but with a less mature component as well: either Jurassic igneous rock, as suggested by sparse 150–170 Ma zircon cores, or juvenile mafic magma, as implied by abundant synplutonic mafic rocks, or both. Influx of basaltic magma during the waning stages of Cordilleran convergence may have triggered melting in the deep, thickened crust, with basaltic magmas being trapped beneath the less dense crustal melts. Like other relatively young peraluminous granites of the Cordilleran Interior, including the Idaho‐Bitterroot batholith, the Ireteba pluton may reflect changing conditions during the waning stages of plutonism.
Resorption of calcification in primary pulmonary tuberculosis

During a long-term follow-up of 10 to 17 years on 383 children aged 2 months to 15 years suffering from primary pulmonary tuberculosis with consolidation-collapse of lung segments, apparent calcification was noted to have disappeared in whole or in part from the lungs and/or lymph nodes of 68 children. This finding was most common in those under 6 years of age on entry to the study, 23·4% compared with 4·5% over six years.
Estimation of relative risk from individually matched series.

Point and interval estimation of relative risk is investigated for the purpose of casecontrol studies of disease etiology with individual matching of cases and controls. It is assumed that the disease is rare and that the relative risk bears no relatioln to the matching factors. The resulting maximum likelihood estimate is expressed in a closed form up to the case of two-to-one matching, while with 3 or more controls for each case a simple iterative procedure of obtaining the estimate is presented. Results for exact and approximate interval estimation are also derived.
SumRate Optimization by Spatial Precoding for aMultiuserMIMODFT-Precoded

By means of DFT-precoding, the PAPR of OFDM waveforms can be reduced. DFT-precoding has been proposed for uplink transmission in various future wireless communication systems. In this work, we consider DFT-precoding combined with spatial precoding for the uplink of multiuser MIMO OFDM systems. An efficient algorithm is developed to optimize the spatial precoder aiming at maximization of the system sum rate subject to individual power constraints of the users and maintenance of the low PAPR property for one user. Potential gains are shown compared to other popular precoding methods in 3GPP-LTE uplink scenarios.
Tropomyosin Localization Reveals Distinct Populations of Microfilaments in Neurites and Growth Cones

The functional and structural differences between neurites and growth cones suggests the possibility that distinct microfilament populations may exist in each domain. Tropomyosins are integral components of the actin-based microfilament system. Using antibodies which detect three different sets of tropomyosin isoforms, we found that the vast majority of tropomyosin was found in a microfilament-enriched fraction of cultured cortical neurons, therefore enabling us to use the antisera to evaluate compositional differences in neuritic and growth cone microfilaments. An antibody which reacts with all known nonmuscle isoforms of the alpha Tms gene (Tm5NM1-4) stains both neurites and growth cones, whereas a second antibody against the isoform subset, Tm5NM1-2, reacts only with the neurite. A third antibody which reacts with the Tm5a/5b isoforms encoded by a separate gene from alpha Tms was strongly reactive with both neurites and growth cones in 16-h cultures but only with the neurite shaft in 40-h cultures. Treatment of neurons with cytochalasin B allowed neuritic Tm5NM1-2 to spread into growth cones. Removal of the drug resulted in the disappearance of Tm5NM1-2 from the growth cone, indicating that isoform segregation is an active process dependent on intact microfilaments. Treatment of 40-h cultures with nocodazole resulted in the removal of Tm5NM1-2 from the neurite whereas Tm5a/5b now spread back into the growth cone. We conclude that the organization of Tm5NM1-2 and Tm5a/5b in the neurite is at least partially dependent on microtubule integrity. These results indicate that tropomyosin isoforms Tm5NM1-2, Tm5NM3-4, and Tm5a/5b mark three distinct populations of actin filaments in neurites and growth cones. Further, the composition of microfilaments differs between neurites and growth cones and is subject to temporal regulation.