Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institutional mapping of open educational practices beyond use of Open Educational Resources

ABSTRACT Many initiatives exist to increase the adoption of open educational practices (OEP) within universities, but few initiatives start by exploring the capacity of educators to adopt open approaches. This paper addresses this challenge, suggesting that in order to build OEP capacity, universities should build on the existing skills of local champions who are familiar with open approaches. The paper builds on the Open Educators’ Factory methodology to map the capacities of university teachers across four areas: open design, open content, open teaching and open assessment and presents the results of its application to a case study within an Italian university. The pilot demonstrates that by using this approach, it is possible to map universities’ existing OEP and connect them with the capability of local educators. This enables university managers to build on the expertise of open education practitioners to raise the overall capacity of their staff to adopt open approaches.
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals

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Japanese Guideline for Allergic Rhinitis

Like asthma and atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis is an allergic disease, but of the three, it is the only type I allergic disease. Allergic rhinitis includes pollinosis, which is intractable and reduces quality of life (QOL) when it becomes severe. A guideline is needed to understand allergic rhinitis and to use this knowledge to develop a treatment plan. In Japan, the first guideline was prepared after a symposium held by the Japanese Society of Allergology in 1993. The current 6th edition was published in 2009, and is widely used today. To incorporate evidence based medicine (EBM) introduced from abroad, the most recent collection of evidence/literature was supplemented to the Practical Guideline for the Management of Allergic Rhinitis in Japan 2009. The revised guideline includes assessment of diagnosis/treatment and prescriptions for children and pregnant women, for broad clinical applications. An evidence-based step-by-step strategy for treatment is also described. In addition, the QOL concept and cost benefit analyses are also addressed. Along with Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact of Asthma (ARIA), this guideline is widely used for various clinical purposes, such as measures for patients with sinusitis, childhood allergic rhinitis, oral allergy syndrome, and anaphylaxis and for pregnant women.
Acute scaphoid fracture: a review

The scaphoid is by far the most commonly fractured carpal bone. Occult fractures, imperceptible on initial radiographs and a reputation for non-union make diagnosis and management challenging. The past few years have seen significant advances in the assessment and surgical treatment of scaphoid fractures. This article reviews the published literature relating to acute scaphoid fractures and examines the advances that have been made in management.
Treatment of branch retinal vein occlusion

Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a common cause for vision loss in elderly people. The complex pathogenesis of BRVO makes it an interdisciplinary task. Treatment of BRVO should aim to eliminate the complications and vision-disturbing effects of BRVO but should also include prophylactic measures in order to avoid recurrence of the disease. Problems are mainly caused by the ischemic form of BRVO, leading to neovascularization. Several treatment methods have been investigated over the past few decades, including drug therapy and surgical methods. Until recently, sufficient evidence-based studies were only available for the effect of grid and scatter laser therapy on BRVO. New studies have shown a positive effect of intravitreal therapy with anti-VEGFs on the progression of the disease. Ongoing studies are now focusing on different combination therapies. Larger randomized studies will hopefully lead to a commonly accepted regimen for the treatment of BRVO in the near future.
Use of "One Minute Preceptor" in surgery OPD in Rural Medical College

Introduction- Post graduate students during OPD hours, sometimes find it difficult to reach the provisional diagnosis. There is rising tendency to send patients to investigations without utilizing history and clinical findings to reach the diagnosis. Ideal approach- Residents should take careful history, do thorough clinical examination and develop a thought process to utilize these findings to come to a provisional diagnosis. Aim - Use of “One Minute Preceptor” in surgery post graduate residents in surgery OPD. Objectives- The tendency to rush for investigations should change and they should utilize the investigative tools to reinforce their diagnosis rather than getting / seeking readymade diagnosis. Innovation- To achieve this goal, the use of ‘One Minute Preceptor’ was adapted which provides a different approach compared to the traditional teaching. Materials And Methods – 1.Preproject questionnaire 2.Implementation 3.Interval feedback 4. Assessment Results: The use of “One Minute Preceptor’ in Surgery residents in ambulatory setup of Surgery OPD has positively contributed in achieving objectives of developing thought process to reach provisional diagnosis by utilizing history and clinical examination.
Mechanism of calcium oxalate renal stone formation and renal tubular cell injury

Abstract: Formation of calcium oxalate stones tends to increase with age and begins from the attachment of a crystal formed in the cavity of renal tubules to the surface of renal tubular epithelial cells. Though most of the crystals formed in the cavity of renal tubules are discharged as is in the urine, in healthy people, crystals that attach to the surface of renal tubular epithelial cells are thought to be digested by macrophages and/or lysosomes inside of cells. However, in individuals with hyperoxaluria or crystal urine, renal tubular cells are injured and crystals easily become attached to them. Various factors are thought to be involved in renal tubular cell injury. Crystals attached to the surface of renal tubular cells are taken into the cells (crystal–cell interaction). And then the crystal and crystal aggregates grow, and finally a stone is formed.
Dendritic cells and regulatory T cells in spondyloarthritis

Purpose of reviewThe spondyloarthropathies (SpAs) are a group of interrelated inflammatory disorders with overlapping clinical features. Current SpA treatments only provide partial symptomatic and functional relief in a subgroup of patients. Consequently, there is a need to better understand the pathophysiology of SpA to develop more specific and effective treatments for these conditions. Recent findingsGenetic and mechanistic evidence links SpA with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psoriasis, and the symptoms of these diseases partially overlap. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and dendritic cells control the adaptive immune response, and failures in their functions are likely to contribute to the establishment of chronic inflammation. The contributions of Tregs and dendritic cells to IBD and SpA have been assessed in both animal models of disease and patients. SummaryAlthough defects in Tregs are important in psoriasis and in animal models of IBD, there is little evidence that they are important in SpA. However, data from animal models indicate that dendritic cells drive pathogenic T-cell responses, partly through the production of interleukin-23 (IL-23). Dendritic cells from SpA patients may also contribute to disease by producing IL-23, therefore supporting the differentiation of the Th17 cells that contribute to inflammation. The driving forces in SpA pathophysiology are now becoming clear; these data may lead to the development of novel therapies to target SpA and related inflammatory disorders.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE USE OF KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN WILD CARNIVORES1

Ketamine hydrochloride was administered intramuscularly to 171 individual animals of five carnivore species. The drug was used in doses which resulted in a range of effects from simple immobilization to a surgical plane of anesthesia during which minor operations were conducted. The drug was found to have a wide margin of safety, was easily administered by syringe, and took effect rapidly. Undesirable side effects of excessive salivation and maintenance of muscle tone were readily controlled by combining ketamine hydrochloride with other drugs.
Therapeutic work with refugees living in exile: Observations on clinical practice

Asylum seekers and refugees fleeing to Britain or other host countries face a range of dilemmas, which are qualitatively different from those facing any other client group. Refugees find themselves in an entirely different country, having often fled at short notice without making preparations. They may have suffered multiple practical and psychological losses. Significant numbers of refugees will have been subject to organised violence in their country of origin. Responding clinically to the needs of some of those becoming refugees has many implications and challenges for existing models of therapeutic intervention. This paper draws upon the author's clinical work in Britain and abroad, it details some observations on therapeutic practice and highlights the challenges and rewards of working with this client group.
The Role of Advanced Nurse Practitioners in Offering Brief Therapeutic Conversation Intervention for Families of Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Type 1

A growing number of families are dealing with diabetes in children, that places increased demand on the family. Advanced nurse practitioners (APN) are in a core position to support and empower families who are dealing with diabetes. The purpose of this study was to measure the benefits of a brief family therapeutic conversation (FAM-TC) intervention, offered by an APN, for parents of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. A quasi-experimental intervention study with one group pre- and-posttest design was conducted. Parents of children and adolescents with diabetes participated, who received health care service from an APN in pediatric outpatient clinic; 14 families (13 mothers, 11 fathers) got two sessions of therapeutic conversations focusing on emotional support and were offered education and professional advice. Data were collected from 2009–2010. The main findings indicated no significant difference for both parents in perceived family support after the brief FAM-TC intervention compared to before the intervention. However, when the parents response to the family support scale, were evaluated further, a significant difference was found on the mothers perception regarding having experienced the APN to draw forth their family strengths after the brief FAM-TC intervention, compared to before the intervention. APN can play a major role in offering families of children with type 1 diabetes educational and emotional support when managing diabetes on a daily basis. Further studies are however needed on the role APN have in diabetes education, family management and support.
Probiotic Therapy in the Prevention of Pouchitis Onset: Decreased Interleukin‐1&bgr;, Interleukin‐8, and Interferon‐&ggr; Gene Expression

Background: Probiotic therapy has been shown to prevent the onset of pouchitis and to improve the quality of life in ulcerative colitis patients who required ileal pouch anal anastomosis. Pouchitis has been associated with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Methods: In this retrospective analysis of archived endoscopic samples from responding patients enrolled in the above‐mentioned trial, we were interested in studying mucosal gene expression of the pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐1&bgr;, interleukin‐6), TH1 cytokines (interferon‐&ggr;, tumor necrosis factor‐&agr;, interleukin‐12), regulatory cytokines (interleukin‐10, transforming growth factor‐&bgr;), and the chemokine interleukin‐8. In addition to assessment of cytokine gene expression, the presence of polymorphonuclear cells in the mucosal tissue was evaluated. Results: Data show that patients who were treated with probiotics had significant lower mucosal mRNA expression levels of interleukin‐1&bgr;, interleukin‐8, and interferon‐&ggr; compared with placebo‐treated patients. Conclusions: In addition, a lower number of polymorphonuclear cells was present in the tissue of patients within the probiotic group compared with the number of polymorphonuclear cells in the tissue of patients receiving placebo and patients having an episode of pouchitis. Conclusions: These data suggest that probiotic treatment regulates the mucosal immune response by reducing mucosal levels of neutrophil‐chemoattractant IL‐8 and tissue influx of polymorphonuclear cells, and may further act by inhibition of T‐cell activation, by reinforcement of barrier function and by a tight control of the potent pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐1&bgr;.
Problems with Chaotic Cryptosystems

Matthews [1] has proposed a function based on chaos theory for generating sequences of random numbers to be used like a one-time pad. When implemented on digital computer systems, these functions must produce repeating cycles of values. The cycle length turns out to be unpredictable and often short. The function is not suitable for cryptographic use in the manner proposed by Matthews.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for radiation‐induced hemorrhagic cystitis

Abstract: Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has recently emerged as a potential primary option for the management of hemorrhagic cystitis. We review our experience treating hemorrhagic cystitis with HBO. Between January 2001 and May 2007, eight patients with radiation‐induced hemorrhagic cystitis underwent HBO therapy. There were five men and three women with a mean age of 64.3 years (47–73). Radiation was given for local disease, and the mean dosage delivered was 56.6 Gy (42–70). The mean duration between the onset of hematuria and the beginning of HBO therapy was 8.9 months (3–34). Mean follow‐up period was 15.5 months (2–31). Hematuria resolved completely in six of the eight patients, one of whom suffered recurrence of hematuria and was treated with HBO until the hematuria resolved again. The response rate was 75%, compatible with the previous reports, and no side‐effects of HBO were noted. HBO treatment should be attempted for radiation‐induced hemorrhagic cystitis.
Pediatric Refracture Rates After Angulated and Completely Displaced Clavicle Shaft Fractures

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess refracture rates after angulation-only and completely displaced clavicle shaft fractures in children. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Level 1 pediatric trauma center. Patients: Computerized medical records searches identified children treated nonoperatively for clavicle shaft fractures at our institution. Inclusion criteria were age less than 18 years and a minimum of 1-year radiographic follow-up. Statistical methods included Fisher exact test with significant probability values being defined as less than 0.05. Results: Of the 120 angulation-only patients and 41 completely displaced patients meeting criteria for inclusion in our study, we identified a statistically higher (P = 0.002) refracture rate (18%, 21/120) in angulation-only fractures as compared with 0% (0/41) for completely displaced fractures. Subgroup analysis of the angulation-only fractures revealed that fractures angulated less than 40 degrees refractured at a 26% rate (18/69) versus 6% (3/51) of fractures with greater angulation (P = 0.004). Conclusions: We found that angulation-only shaft fractures had a significantly higher refracture rate than completely displaced fractures. Furthermore, subgroup analysis demonstrated that less-angulated fractures had a higher refracture rate than the more-angulated ones. We feel this somewhat paradoxical finding is analogous to fractures of the forearm shaft, for which greenstick fractures refracture at a higher rate than complete forearm shaft fractures due to less-exuberant callus formation. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Proteasomal degradation of β‐carotene metabolite—Modified proteins

Free radical attack on β‐carotene results in the formation of high amounts of carotene breakdown products (CBPs) having biological activities. As several of the CBPs are reactive aldehydes, it has to be considered that these compounds are able to modify proteins. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate whether CBP‐modification of proteins is leading to damaged proteins recognized and degraded by the proteasomal system. We used the model proteins tau and ferritin to test whether CBPs will modify them and whether such modifications lead to enhanced proteasomal degradation. To modify proteins, we used crude CBPs as a mixture obtained after hypochloric acid derived BC degradation, as well as several single compounds, as apo8′‐carotenal, retinal, or β‐ionone. The majority of the CBPs found in our reaction mixture are well known metabolites as described earlier after BC degradation using different oxidants. CBPs are able to modify proteins, and in in vitro studies, we were able to demonstrate that the 20S proteasome is able to recognize and degrade CBP‐modified proteins preferentially. In testing the proteolytic response of HT22 cells toward CBPs, we could demonstrate an enhanced protein turnover, which is sensitive to lactacystin. Interestingly, the proteasomal activity is resistant to treatment with CBP. On the other hand, we were able to demonstrate that supraphysiological levels of CBPs might lead to the formation of protein‐CBP‐adducts that are able to inhibit the proteasome. Therefore, the removal of CBP‐modified proteins seems to be catalyzed by the proteasomal system and is effective, if the formation of CBPs is not overwhelming and leading to protein aggregates. © 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Children of adults with severe mental illness: mental health, help seeking and service use

AIMS AND METHOD We aimed to determine the prevalence of childhood mental health problems in children of parents registered with an Australian area mental health service, and to study the parents’ help-seeking and service use for their children. Parents were recruited through their case managers, and asked to complete the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Service Utilisation Questionnaire and the Help-seeking Questionnaire. RESULTS A quarter of the children were in the clinical range of the SDQ total scores, with high sub-scale scores. However, 63% of the parents reported reluctance to seek help, and 19% reported not using services. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Children of parents with mental illness are at higher risk of childhood psychiatric disorders. Assessment of the child at the time of referral of the parent is an opportunity for problem identification, parental education, and early intervention.
Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of an exopolysaccharide from a probiotic bacterium

Probiotic bacteria synthesize extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) with commercially significant physiological and therapeutic activities. This important class of biomolecules is also characterized by their ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are formed in the intestine by various metabolic reactions; hence, they exhibit antioxidant activities. Our probiotic bacterium, Bacillus coagulans RK‐02, produces an EPS during the exponential and stationary growth phases when grown in a glucose mineral salts medium. The time course of EPS synthesis was studied with respect to biomass growth. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging potential of isolated EPS were studied by various methods, including the β‐carotene‐linoleic acid model system, a superoxide radical scavenging assay using the PMS‐NADH‐nitroblue tetrazolium system, the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, a hydroxyl radical scavenging assay using the ascorbic acid‐Cu2+‐cytochrome c system and an in vitro microsome peroxidation inhibition study using a thiobarbituric acid assay. The antioxidant activities were compared to known antioxidants vitamin C and E, which were used as reference standards. The results showed that the EPS, which is a heteropolymer composed of four monosaccharides, produced by B. coagulans RK‐02 had significant antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities.
Erythropoietin and its non‐erythropoietic derivative: Do they ameliorate renal tubulointerstitial injury in ureteral obstruction?

Objectives: Pleiotropic effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) have recently been discovered in many non‐renal animal models. The renoprotective effects of EPO and carbamylated‐erythropoietin (CEPO), a novel EPO which has a small stimulatory effect on hemoglobin, have never been explored in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), a chronic tubulointerstitial (TI) disease model which is independent of systemic factors.
Nocturia: A non‐specific but important symptom of urological disease

Nocturia is a prevalent symptom that can adversely affect quality of sleep and overall quality of life leading to morbidity and even mortality. Nocturia can be due to a range of urological conditions and non‐urological diseases. Nocturia can be due to an insufficient bladder capacity and/or (nocturnal) polyuria. Some of the possibly underlying non‐urological diseases can be life‐threatening, implying treatment priorities. Urological treatment options include α‐adrenoceptor antagonists, muscarinic receptor antagonists and vasopressin receptor agonists. The former two have shown beneficial but small and inconsistent effects in patients assumed to have benign prostatic hyperplasia or overactive bladder, respectively. In contrast, the vasopressin analog desmopressin has consistently shown nocturia improvement in patients with proven polyuria. While supported by lower levels of evidence, lifestyle modifications are generally considered important for nocturia treatment. We conclude that nocturia is a urinary storage symptom with a major impact on patients' lives and a complex pathophysiology.
Human Herpesvirus 6 and neuroinflammation

Human herpesvirus (HHV-) 6A and HHV-6B are two distinct β-herpesviruses which have been associated with various neurological diseases, including encephalitis, meningitis, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis. Although the reactivation of both viruses is recognized as the cause of some neurological complications in conditions of immunosuppression, their involvement in neuroinflammatory diseases in immunocompetent people is still unclear, and the mechanisms involved have not been completely elucidated. Here, we review the available data providing evidence for the capacity of HHV-6A and -6B to infect the central nervous system and to induce proinflammatory responses by infected cells. We discuss the potential role of both viruses in neuroinflammatory pathologies and the mechanisms which could explain virus-induced neuropathogenesis.