Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nurse and patient perception of stressors associated with coronary artery bypass surgery

Cardiac surgery is often viewed by patients as an anxiety producing event. Many studies have been done in an effort to understand and to alter patient's reactions to surgery and to reduce the anxiety. However, few studies exist evaluating the patient's perception of stressors surrounding coronary artery bypass surgery. To help provide quality nursing care for these patients, more must be known about the patient's perception of stressors. This study investigated the relationships between the nurses' and patients' perception of stressors associated with coronary artery bypass surgery. The population of the study consisted of two groups; 1) patients recovering from coronary artery bypass surgery, and 2) registered nurses providing the care for the coronary artery bypass patient. The instrument utilized was the Cardiac Surgery Stressor Scale. The research data was analyzed by the following statistical techniques; 1) descriptive methods, 2) Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and 3) Student t-test. Understanding the conditions that are considered stressful by the patient will improve and individualize nursing interventions to patient care. The results indicated that incongruencies existed between nurses' and patients' perceptions of coronary artery bypass surgery. Nurses consistently rated the stressors higher than the patients. The results suggest that nurses need to develop a method of accurately assessing the patient's perception of the stressors related to coronary artery bypass surgery. Examination of the patients' needs, fears and beliefs and communication of these factors are an integral part of the assessment phase. Using the assessment and examination in the development of the plan of care rather than relying upon generalizations will facilitate more concise and accurate patient care. The findings of this study contributed to a greater understanding of the relationships between the nurse and patient perceptions. The discovery and recognition of the similarities and differences within the perceptions, could ultimately improve patient care. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE
Discourse dependency structures as DAGs

Nous montrons que les representations s´emantiques pour les discours, concues comme des representations de d´ependances semantiques, ont la structure mathematique d'un DAG. Notre argumentation repose sur des discours tres simples, a savoir sur les discours comportant trois propositions et deux connecteurs de discours. Ces discours, bien que simples, permettent d'aboutir a une conclusion importante : les DAG representant les discours ne sont pas arbitraires, ils presentent des contraintes structurelles.
Estimation of soil strength in fine-grained soils by instrumented free-fall sphere tests

The dynamic response of a sphere in soft clay is considered through field tests in which a 0·25 m dia. steel sphere was allowed to free-fall in water and dynamically penetrate the underlying soft soil. The test data, collected in a lake and a sea environment, relate to sphere velocities of up to 8 m/s, reaching sphere invert embedments close to ten diameters. An inertial measurement unit located within the sphere measured the motion response of the sphere during free-fall and penetration in soil. The resulting acceleration data were used within a simple framework that accounts for both geotechnical shearing resistance and fluid mechanics drag resistance, but cast in terms of a single capacity factor that can be expressed in terms of the non-Newtonian Reynolds number. The merit of the framework is demonstrated by using it as a forward model in a series of inverse analyses that calculate the undrained shear strength profile from acceleration data measured in free-fall sphere tests. The good match between th.
Spatiotemporal Cortical Activation Underlying Reward Processing under “Worse off than Some, Better off than Many” Comparison: An ERP Study

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to explore the electrophysiological correlates of reward processing in the complex social co mparison context. Four social co mparison stimu lus categories (four relative reward levels) were mainly prepared: Self:He:She = 1:2:4 (Disadvantageous Inequity); Self:He:She = 1:1:1 (Equity); Self:He:She = 4:2:1 (Advantageous Inequity); Self:He:She = 2:1:4 (A mbiguous Comparison: worse off than some, better off than many). Results showed that: Disadvantageous, Advantageous Inequity and Amb iguous Comparison conditions all elicited a mo re negative ERP deflection (N350-550) than did Equity between 350-550 ms, which might reflect reward predict ion error. Then, Ambiguous Co mparison, Disadvantageous and Advantageous Inequity all elicited a more ERP deflection than did Equity between 550-750 ms, which might be involved in evaluating the rewards after detection of reward pred iction error. Furthermore, A mb iguous Comparison elicited a greater negativity (N550-750) than did Disadvantageous and Advantageous Inequity, and the generator of N550-750 was localized in the caudate nucleus and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which might be related to reward processing and cognitive conflict controlling. Last, Disadvantageous Inequity elicited a late more positive ERP co mponent (LPC) than did Advantageous Inequity, Equity and Amb iguous Comparison conditions between 1200-1400 ms. The LPC might reflect strong unpleasant emotional experience (social co mparison affects subjective well-being).
Flow cytometric assessment of specific leucine incorporation in the open Mediterranean

The surface of the Mediterranean Sea is a low- phosphate-low-chlorophyll marine area where marine het- erotrophic prokaryotes significantly contribute to the biogeo- chemical cycles of all biogenic elements such as carbon, no- tably through the mineralization of dissolved organic com- pounds. Cell-specific leucine incorporation rates were de- termined in early summer in the open stratified Mediter- ranean Sea. The bulk leucine incorporation rate was on average 5± 4 pmol leu l 1 h 1 (n = 30). Cell-specific 3 H- leucine incorporation rates were assayed using flow cy- tometry coupled to cell sorting. Heterotrophic prokaryotes (Hprok) were divided into cytometric groups according to their side scatter and green fluorescence properties: high nu- cleic acid containing cells (HNA) with high scatter (HNA- hs) and low scatter (HNA-ls) and low nucleic acid contain- ing cells (LNA). Cell-specific leucine incorporation rates of these cytometric groups ranged from 2 to 54, 0.9 to 11, and 1 to 12◊ 10 21 mol cell 1 h 1 , respectively. LNA cells rep- resented 45 to 63% of the Hprok abundance, and signifi- cantly contributed to the bulk leucine incorporation rates, from 12 to 43%. HNA/LNA ratios of cell-specific leucine incorporation were on average 2.0± 0.7 (n = 30). In sur- face layers (from 0 m down to the deep chlorophyll depth, DCM), cell-specific rates of HNA-hs were elevated (7 and 13 times greater than LNA and HNA-ls, respectively). Nev- ertheless, on average HNA-hs (26%) and LNA (27%) equally contributed to the bulk leucine incorporation in these lay- ers. Prochlorococcuscells were easily sorted near the DCM and displayed cell-specific leucine incorporation rates rang- ing from 3 to 55◊ 10 21 mol leu cell 1 h 1 , i.e. as high as HNA-hs'. These sorted groups could therefore be defined as key-players in the process of leucine incorporation into proteins. The mixotrophic features of certain photosyn- thetic prokaryotes and the high contribution of LNA cells to leucine incorporation within the microbial communities of the Mediterranean could be reinforced.
Effects of winter green manuring on organic cucumber production in unheated greenhouse conditions

The effects of winter green manure crops on organic cucumber production were determined in unheated greenhouse conditions in order to integrate soil building and conservation practices, which are critically important in greenhouse production without crop rotation. The study was conducted between 2006 and 2008 to compare (1) pea (Pisum sativum L.), (2) Italian rye-grass (Lolium multiflorum L.), and (3) common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) as winter green manure plants. These treatments were compared with a control without green manuring (4). All of the plots were divided into halves, and poultry manure was applied as 0 (-PM) and 0.75 kg m-2 (+PM) to each. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus 'Sardes') was grown as a spring cycle production after winter green manure plants were incorporated into the soil. Treatments were evaluated in terms of yield, fruit quality parameters such as electrical conductivity, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and dry weight. Soil fertility and pest/disease incidence were also determined. It was found that cucumber yield varied between 9.7 and 16.3 kg m-2 and between 10.0 and 13.6 kg m-2 in the first and second spring growing seasons, respectively. Green manuring improved the organic matter and nitrogen contents of the soils. Other available nutrients in the soil were also analyzed and found to be sufficient. Additionally, the nutrient status of the cucumber plants was found to be sufficient. Pea and vetch proved to be efficient as winter green manure crops for vegetable production in greenhouses. Poultry manure also produced positive effects, in particular on soil total N content. Therefore, it could be used with green manure crops according to the N content of the soil.
Riverbank filtration for the treatment of highly turbid Colombian rivers

Abstract. The poor quality of many Colombian surface waters forces us to seek alternative, sustainable treatment solutions with the ability to manage peak pollution events and to guarantee the uninterrupted provision of safe drinking water to the population. This review assesses the potential of using riverbank filtration (RBF) for the highly turbid and contaminated waters in Colombia, emphasizing water quality improvement and the influence of clogging by suspended solids. The suspended sediments may be favorable for the improvement of the water quality, but they may also reduce the production yield capacity. The cake layer must be balanced by scouring in order for an RBF system to be sustainable. The infiltration rate must remain high enough throughout the river–aquifer interface to provide the water quantity needed, and the residence time of the contaminants must be sufficient to ensure adequate water quality. In general, RBF seems to be a technology appropriate for use in highly turbid and contaminated surface rivers in Colombia, where improvements are expected due to the removal of turbidity, pathogens and to a lesser extent inorganics, organic matter and micro-pollutants. RBF has the potential to mitigate shock loads, thus leading to the prevention of shutdowns of surface water treatment plants. In addition, RBF, as an alternative pretreatment step, may provide an important reduction in chemical consumption, considerably simplifying the operation of the existing treatment processes. However, clogging and self-cleansing issues must be studied deeper in the context of these highly turbid waters to evaluate the potential loss of abstraction capacity yield as well as the development of different redox zones for efficient contaminant removal.
Technical Analysis and the London Stock Exchange : Testing Trading Rules Using the FT 30

This paper investigates the predictive ability of various simple technical trading rules by analysing daily data on the London Stock Exchange FT30 index for the period 1935± 1994. Assessing the statistical signi®cance of the rules via AR±ARCH models and bootstrap techniques, it is found that the trading rules worked, in the sense of producing a return greater than a buy-and-hold strategy, for most of the sample period, at least up to the early 1980s, i.e. when the market was effectively driftless. Since then, however, the buy-and-hold strategy has clearly dominated. # 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved entropic uncertainty relations and information exclusion relations

The uncertainty principle can be expressed in entropic terms, also taking into account the role of entanglement in reducing uncertainty. The information exclusion principle bounds instead the correlations that can exist between the outcomes of incompatible measurements on one physical system, and a second reference system. We provide a more stringent formulation of both the uncertainty principle and the information exclusion principle, with direct applications for, e.g., the security analysis of quantum key distribution, entanglement estimation, and quantum communication. We also highlight a fundamental distinction between the complementarity of observables in terms of uncertainty and in terms of information
Radiative transition probabilities for forbidden lines in singly ionized cobalt (Co II)

Radiative transition probabilities have been calculated for the magnetic dipole (M1) and electric quadrupole (E2) transitions connecting the 47 metastable energy levels in the 3d 8 , 3d 7 4s and 3d 6 4s 2 configurations in Co II. The most important configuration interaction (CI) and relativistic effects have been taken into account in the computations carried out with the help of the relativistic Hartree-Fock (HFR) method combined with a semi-empirical optimization of the radial parameters.
Excitons in carbon nanotubes

We present two‐photon excitation luminescence experiments on carbon nanotubes which show the excitonic origin of the optical excitations. The two‐photon allowed exciton state, which has even parity under rotation about the U‐axis, is roughly 300 meV above the one‐photon active, odd‐parity state. This indicates exciton binding energies on the order of 400 meV for nanotubes with diameters around 8 Å. Ab‐initio calculations of the exciton wavefunctions and energies are in good agreement with our experimental results, confirming the predictions on the symmetry of the exciton states. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interannual changes of the ocean wave variability in the North Atlantic and in the North Sea

A high-resolution ocean wave hindcast for 1981 to 1993 with the WAM wave model is used to study the mean sea state and its dominant modes of variability in the North Atlantic and in the North Sea. The wind and wave data share high correlation coefficients with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index of the winter season and rather low correlation coefficients with the monthly NAO index. The low correlations are induced by the different modes of variability. The NAO index varies at semiannual and shorter periods and the wind and wave data vary with the seasonal cycle. In addition, considerably unsteady variability is apparent at synoptic scales. The dominant modes of that variability, retrieved by a wavelet analysis, are similar for wind and wave data of the same year but may change considerably from year to year. From 1987 to 1989, when the NAO index increases, the dominant period of variability also increases. The same trend is inferred from wind and wave measurements at Ocean Weather Station M. In contrast, the dominant periods inferred from data of the southern North Sea show a reverse trend. This indicates that the wave variability in the North Sea is reduced when the westerlies are more zonal, and is intensified when the westerlies are less zonal through more meridional contributions initiated by the Northeast Atlantic wind and wave variability.
Where the Heart Is: Information Production and the Home Bias

This paper tests whether home bias exists among information producers. We find that credit analysts are more generous when rating issuers from their home states compared with (a) benchmark analysts from outside the state and (b) their own standards for rating issuers from other states. This home analyst effect strengthens around key rating certifications (AAA and investment grade), reduces credit spreads, and expands affected issuers’ debt capacity. We conduct several tests to address the possibility that the observed home analyst effect reflects a selection effect based on informational advantages and conclude that it instead reflects a home bias. This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance.
Experimental Studies on the Effects of Certain Growth Regulators on Seed Germination of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni

Stevia rebaudiana a natural herbal non-caloric sweetener of the family Asteraceae is an endemic species of North Paraguay. Experimental studies were conducted to determine the effect of certain growth regulators in breaking seed dormancy , total percentage of germination and speed of germination.GA3 and IAA gave the most superior results which can be exploited in Stevia cultivation.
Genetic counseling and testing for gynecological cancers: Perception of female undergraduates of universities in Ibadan, Nigeria

Introduction: Genetic education and counseling give individuals an opportunity to make informed choices related to risks, benefits, and limitations of genetic testing for social and medical purposes. We aimed to assess the perception of female undergraduates of universities in Ibadan to genetic counseling and testing (GCT) for gynecological cancers and their willingness to participate in the twin procedure. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving consented female students from the two universities within Ibadan metropolis – University of Ibadan and Lead City University, Ibadan. Using a self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire, information on their understanding of GCT, perception of implications, and willingness to participate in the procedure were obtained. Results: There were 943 respondents with mean age of 20.0 ± 3.4 years, 908 (96.3%) had ever heard of cancers, but only 252 (26.7%) provided proper definition. Overall, 484 (51.3%) were aware of GCT although three-quarters, 712 (75.5%), wished to know their inheritable risk of developing gynecologic cancer. All the respondents were willing to participate in the counseling procedure, but only 815 (86.4%) would be willing to proceed with testing if indicated. Possible surgical intervention reduced willingness to test from 82.3% to 45.7%. Conclusion: The female undergraduates of universities in Ibadan were willing to partake in GCT provided there are no surgical interventions. There is a need for an increased awareness and encouragement of GCT for at-risk groups and also in the prevention and/or early detection to reduce the burden of familial gynecologic cancers.
Effect of dietary organic zinc sources on growth performance, incidence of diarrhoea, serum and tissue zinc concentrations, and intestinal morphology in growing rabbits

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary organic zinc (Zn) sources on growth performance, the incidence of diarrhoea, serum and tissue Zn concentration, and intestinal morphology in growing rabbits. A total of 120 New Zealand White rabbits aged 35 d and with an initial body weight of 755±15 g, were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups for a 49 d feeding trial. Dietary treatments were designed with different Zn supplements as follows: (1) Control group: 80 mg/kg Zn as ZnSO4; (2) ZnLA group: 80 mg/kg Zn as Zn lactate; (3) ZnMet group: 80 mg/kg Zn as Zn methionine; (4) ZnGly group: 80 mg/kg Zn as Zn glycine. The results showed that, when compared with rabbits fed ZnSO4, supplementation with ZnLA improved (P<0.05) growth performance and led to a lower (P<0.01) incidence of diarrhoea. ZnLA supplement increased the liver Zn concentration (58.97 vs. 46.59 mg/g; P<0.05) compared with rabbits fed ZnSO4. Supplementing with ZnLA increased duodenum villi height (681.63 vs. 587.14 μm, P<0.05) and decreased duodenum crypt depth (141.69 vs. 168.91 μm; P<0.05) when compared to that of the control group. However, experimental results obtained ZnMet and ZnGly supplementation were no significantly different to ZnSO4, except that feeding ZnMet led to higher (P<0.05) Zn concentrations in serum and liver than rabbits fed ZnSO4. The results indicated that supplementation with 80 mg/kg Zn as ZnLA could improve growth performance, increase liver Zn concentration and enhance duodenum morphology, while reducing the incidence of diarrhoea in growing rabbits.
A new global gridded data set of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion: Methodology and evaluation

[1] We describe a system for constraining the spatial distribution of fossil fuel emissions of CO 2 . The system is based on a modified Kaya identity which expresses emissions as a product of areal population density, per capita economic activity, energy intensity of the economy, and carbon intensity of energy. We apply the methodology of data assimilation to constrain such a model with various observations, notably, the statistics of national emissions and data on the distribution of nightlights and population. We hence produce a global, annual emission field at 0.25° resolution. Our distribution of emissions is smoother than that of the population downscaling traditionally used to describe emissions. Comparison with the Vulcan inventory suggests that the assimilated product performs better than downscaling for distributions of either population or nightlights alone for describing the spatial structure of emissions over the United States. We describe the complex structure of uncertainty that arises from combining pointwise and area-integrated constraints. Uncertainties can be as high as 50% at the pixel level and are not spatially independent. We describe the use of 14 CO 2 measurements to further constrain national emissions. Their value is greatest over large countries with heterogeneous emissions. Generated fields may be found online (http://ffdas.org/).
Stream ecosystem responses to the 2007 spring freeze in the southeastern United States: unexpected effects of climate change

Some expected changes in climate resulting from human greenhouse gas emissions are clear and well documented, but others may be harder to predict because they involve extreme weather events or heretofore unusual combinations of weather patterns. One recent example of unusual weather that may become more frequent with climate change occurred in early spring 2007 when a large Arctic air mass moved into the eastern United States following a very warm late winter. In this paper, we document effects of this freeze event on Walker Branch, a well‐studied stream ecosystem in eastern Tennessee. The 2007 spring freeze killed newly grown leaf tissues in the forest canopy, dramatically increasing the amount of light reaching the stream. Light levels at the stream surface were sustained at levels considerably above those normal for the late spring and summer months due to the incomplete recovery of canopy leaf area. Increased light levels caused a cascade of ecological effects in the stream beginning with considerably higher (two–three times) rates of gross primary production (GPP) during the late spring and summer months when normally low light levels severely limit stream GPP. Higher rates of stream GPP in turn resulted in higher rates of nitrate (NO3−) uptake by the autotrophic community and lower NO3− concentrations in stream water. Higher rates of stream GPP in summer also resulted in higher growth rates of a dominant herbivore, the snail Elimia clavaeformis. Typically, during summer months net NO3− uptake and snail growth rates are zero to negative; however, in 2007 uptake and growth were maintained at moderate levels. These results show how changes in forest vegetation phenology can have dramatic effects on stream productivity at multiple trophic levels and on nutrient cycling as a result of tight coupling of forest and stream ecosystems. Thus, climate change‐induced changes in canopy structure and phenology may lead to large effects on stream ecosystems in the future.