Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Efficiency of Computation of Right-linear Constructor Term Rewriting Systems with Extra Variabless 西田 直樹

項書換え系 (TRS)の逆計算への取り組みとして, 逆計算TRSを生成する手法がある [5]. 関数 f の逆計 算とは,与えられた値 vから f(v1, ., vn) = vを満た す値 v1, . , vnを求めることであり,その逆演算 f−1 は f−1(v) = (v1, ., vn)を満たす写像である. 提案さ れたアルゴリズムは,与えられた構成子TRSからそ の逆計算をする余剰変数付き TRS(EV-TRS)を生 成する. ここで,EV-TRSとは,書換え規則の右辺 のみに現れる余剰変数と呼ばれる変数の出現を許す TRSである. EV-TRSは書換え関係が無限分岐であ るが,EV-TRS上に自然に拡張したナローイングで EV-TRSの書換えを模倣することで計算できる [6]. この模倣では基礎項から始まるナローイング系列の みを扱う. ナローイングはほとんどの場合に停止性 を持たないにも関わらず,基礎項から始まる無限の 系列を持たないことが多い. そこで,著者らはこの ような性質,すなわち,ナローイングの基礎項停止 性を判定する手法を提案している [3, 6]. 2つの自然 数の加算の逆計算から想像がつくように,逆計算は 複数個の解を持つことが多い. そのため,生成され る逆計算 EV-TRSは一般に合流性を持たない. よっ て,逆計算のすべての解を求めるためには全探索が 必要であり,その計算量が膨大になる可能性がある. 一方,合流性を持たなくとも停止性を持つ右線形 オーバーレイ TRS では,与えられた項のすべての 正規形は(最左,最右)最内書換えにより求めるこ とができる [4]. 文献 [5]の手法により生成された逆 計算 EV-TRSは構成子システムである. また,入力 のTRSが消滅的でない(non-erasing)ときには,出 力はTRSになる. 入力が左線形ならば,生成された EV-TRSは右線形である. 構成子システムはオーバー レイであるので,消滅的でない左線形構成子TRSか ら生成された逆計算 TRSが停止性を持つ場合には, 文献 [4]の結果により最左最内書換えにより逆計算 の効率を向上できる. 通常,左非線形な TRS を扱 うことは少ないが,消滅的であることは多い. した がって,文献 [4]の結果の EV-TRS上への拡張が望 まれる. 本稿では,右線形構成子 EV-TRSに対して,最内 ナローイングが停止する線形項のナローイングによ るすべての正規形が最内戦略により求められること を示す. これにより,最内戦略により正規形を効率 よく求めることが可能となる.
India Since Independence : An Analytic Growth Narrative

Before the late 1980s the economic growth rate of independent India looks ordinary: India's rate of growth of output per worker is square in the middle of the world's distribution, and the values of its proximate determinants of growth are ordinary too. This puts a bound on the growth-retarding effects of the "license raj" generated by prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru's attraction to Fabian socialism and central planning. Since the late 1980s India does not look ordinary at all. It has been one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, with a doubling time for average GDP per capita of only sixteen years. Conventional wisdom traces the growth acceleration neoliberal economic reforms implemented under the government of Narasimha Rao. Yet the timing of the growth acceleration suggests an earlier start for the current Indian boom under the government of Rajiv Gandhi.
Economic evaluation of reproductive performance

Reproductive improvement results in higher milk productivity and, therefore, higher milk income over feed cost, more calf sales and lower culling and breeding expenses. Therefore, as the reproductive efficiency improves, the herd net return increases. These increments follow the law of diminishing returns, increases at a decreasing pace, but are still positive even at high reproductive performance (e.g., 40% 21 day pregnancy rate). Most herds in the United States use a combination of timed artificial insemination (TAI) and estrous detection (ED) reproductive programs. The ratio of achievable pregnancies between ED and TAI determines the economic value difference between both and their combinations. Nonetheless, complex interactions between reproductive programs, herd relative milk yield, and type of reproductive programs exist. Improved reproductive efficiency produces extra replacements. The availability of additional replacements allow more aggressive culling policies (e.g., less services for nonpregnant cows) to balance on-farm supply and demand of replacements. More heifer replacements available result in additional economic benefits. The University of WisconsinMadison Dairy Management has developed a series of customizable decision support tools for optimal decision-making.The tool “economic value of a dairy cow” allow decision makers calculate the value of a pregnancy, the cost of a pregnancy loss, the economic value of improving the 21-day pregnancy rate, the cost of a day open and their interactions with milk production and other productive, economic, and management traits. The tool “heifer pregnancy rate” allow decision makers calculate the efficiency reproductive of heifers and their associated costs. The tool “Wisconsin-Cornell dairy repro” allow decision makers to define and evaluate in depth dairy reproductive programs including those that rely only on TAI, only on ED, or those that combine TAI and ED. Decision support tools are openly available at the University of Wisconsin Dairy Management Website: DairyMGT.info.
Experimental study of the phase transformation plasticity of 16 MND 5 low carbon steel under multiaxial loading

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Public Domain Experimental study of the phase transformation plasticity of 16MND5 low carbon steel under multiaxial loading Michel Coret, Sylvain Calloch, Alain Combescure
Rapid report Is vanadium a biometal for boreal cyanolichens ?

Molybdenum (Mo) nitrogenase has long been considered the predominant isoenzyme responsible for dinitrogen fixation worldwide. Recent findings have challenged the paradigm of Mo hegemony, and highlighted the role of alternative nitrogenases, such as the vanadiumnitrogenase. Here, we first characterized homeostasis of vanadium (V) along with other metals in situ in the dinitrogen fixing cyanolichen Peltigera aphthosa. These lichens were sampled in natural sites exposed to various levels of atmospheric metal deposition. These results were compared with laboratory experiments where Anabaena variabilis, which is also hosting the V-nitrogenase, and a relatively close relative of the lichen cyanobiont Nostoc, was subjected to various levels of V. We report here that V is preferentially allocated to cephalodia, specialized structures where dinitrogen fixation occurs in tri-membered lichens. This specific allocation is biologically controlled and tightly regulated. Vanadium homeostasis in lichen cephalodia exposed to various V concentrations is comparable to the one observed in Anabaena variabilis and other dinitrogen fixing organisms using V-nitrogenase. Overall, our findings support current hypotheses that V could be a more important factor in mediating nitrogen input in high latitude ecosystems than previously recognized. They invite the reassessment of current theoretical models linking metal dynamics and dinitrogen fixation in boreal and subarctic ecosystems.
Baicalin exerts lipid-lowering , fatty liver attenuating and anti-oxidation properties in hypercholesterolemic rats induced with a high-cholesterol diet

Atherosclerosis and its associated oxidative stress and numerous complications are consequential to an aberrant increase in blood cholesterol generally known as hypercholesterolemia and constitute a fatal death cause. Lipid lowering drugs are the only promising option for decreasing the risk of death and morbidness related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Treatment particularly designed for decreasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) such as statins are needed for limiting the risk of death from coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. However, for patients with a high risk of CVD, it is necessary to find alternative therapies. The present survey was designed to evaluate the lipid-lowering and antioxidative potential of baicalin, a flavonoid component of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that is cognized for its therapeutic properties. SD rats were fed with a cholesterol-rich diet to induce hypercholesterolemia. Subsequently, the hypercholesterolemia rats were treated with different doses of baicailin. The levels of different types of lipids in serum and liver, as well as those of oxidative stress indicators such as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GSH-Px were examined. The cholesterol-rich diet increased the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) in serum and hepatic samples HDL-C while the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was significantly decreased. The levels of TBARS, SOD and GSH-Px were equally increased. Liver index, coronary heart disease (R-CHD) value and atherosclerosis index (AI) were also increased by feeding with the high cholesterol diet. Baicalin administration controlled the weight gain in rats, and reversed all the above variables. Our present findings indicated that Baicalin is an efficient lipid-lowering, fatty liver attenuating and anti-oxidation agent that can be used for preventive and therapeutic purposes in atherosclerosis and other coronary heart diseases.
Breakfast skipping , late Dinner intake and heavy lunch consumption relationship to glycemic control and neck circumference among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introduction: There is an increasing awareness about the daily feed-fasting rhythm and meals timing among patients with diabetes. Objectives: The current study assessed breakfast skipping, late dinner consumption relation to glycemic control and neck circumference among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted among 102 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes attending a diabetes clinic in Omdurman, Sudan during the period from June to September 2017. A structured questionnaire was used to interview the participants to collect the demographic data, breakfast skipping, and high-calorie consumption in Lunch. The neck circumference was measured to assess central adiposity, and a blood sample was taken for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to determine glycemic control. The Chi-square and t-test were used to compare the categorical and numerical dat and a Pvalue<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 102 of participants (70.6% females), their mean age was 59.62±9.91, the mean glycated hemoglobin (10.16±3.14), neck circumference was (34.27±9.26), only 23.5% achieved target HbA1c, breakfast skipping, late dinner intake, and consumption of high calorie at lunch were evident in 27.5%, 43.1%, 41.2% of patients respectively. No significant statistical difference was apparent between patients with habitual breakfast skipping, late dinner intake, and those whose main meal was Lunch and their counterparts regarding HbA1c, neck circumference, diabetes nephropathy, and diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: Breakfast skipping, late Dinner intake, and large calorie consumption were not associated with poor glycemic control and high neck circumference.
Determinants of Audit Fees Pricing: Evidence from Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE)

The study sought to find out the determinants of audit fees in Kenya, this was informed by the fact that most literature on audit fee models relates to developed countries while little attention has been given to developing countries like Kenya. Previous research has found the significance of the audit fee variables change according to each country’s characteristics and period of analysis; such models therefore need to be revised periodically. Deductive approach was used in the study. Data was collected from listed firms’ annual reports covering the period from 2008 to 2014. Out of the 62 listed firms targeted by the study, 41 firms were responsive representing a response rate of 66.12%. Linear regression model was used to test the hypothesis. The R square of the model was 0.709 meaning that 70.9% of the variations of audit fees are explainable by the model studied. F-statistic value of 67.273 and p-value (sig) of 0.000 indicates the model is statistically significant and can be relied to predict audit prices. The findings of the study support a link between Audit pricing and: Auditor Experience, Auditor Reputation, Big 4 status; Client size; Client complexity; and the reporting time lag are the important factors determining audit fees for Kenyan listed firms. A negative relationship was found between audit fees and auditor size while no relationship was found between audit fees and: reporting season, client profitability, and client risk.
Validation of an Actuator Line Method for Tidal Turbine Rotors

Computations of the blade loading and the local flow field around the Model Rotor Experiments In Controlled Conditions (MEXICO) rotor are presented using an actuator line method, implemented within the open source code OpenFOAM. The nacelle and near wake mesh refinement are shown to have little influence on the computed blade loads but a significant impact on the near wake flow field. In addition, the blade loads and near wake flow field calculated with 3 different distributions of the Gaussian smearing parameter ǫ are compared with experimental measurements. Local chord and lift coefficient scaled smearing distributions are shown to yield a significant improvement in the representation of the computed tip vortices and also a small improvement in the blade loading prediction, when compared with a spanwise constant smearing distribution. Despite these improvements in performance prediction, the performance of the rotor is shown to be more strongly influenced by the tip correction factor, where considerable improvement is still required before actuator line methods can represent real rotors with sufficient accuracy.
Does OO sync with the way we think

Given that corrective-maintenance costs already dominate the software life cycle and look set to increase significantly, reliability in the form of reducing such costs should be the most important software improvement goal. Yet the results are not promising when we review recent corrective-maintenance data for big systems in general and for OO in particular-possibly because of mismatches between the OO paradigm and how we think.
Taxonomic position of the genus Puto Signoret (Homoptera: Coccinea: Pseudococcidae) and separation of higher taxa in Coccinea

Taxonomic characters of the families Pseudococcidae Cockerell, 1898, Putoidae Beadsley, 1969, Pennygullaniidae Koteja et Azar, 2008 and two superfamilies of Coccinea are discussed in view of phylogenetic meaning of these characters. It is shown that Putoidae Beadsley, 1969 is an unavailable name (nomen nudum); moreover, Putoidae sensu Williams et al., 2011 as a separate family considered in the superfamily Orthezioidea (= an informal group of “archeococcids”), is a taxonomic paradox that lies outside of both cladistic and evolutionary concepts in taxonomy and ignores the majority of well-known and carefully proven facts. There is not a single unique apomorphic character in the monotypic family Putoidae; all characters of the genus Puto Signoret, 1875 are plesiomorphies of all scale insects or synapomorphies with other mealybugs or with the closely related Ceroputo Šulc, 1898. Ceroputo is accepted here as a subgenus of Puto. The monotypic fossil family Pennygullaniidae is considered by us a new subjective synonym of Pseudococcidae. The taxonomic and nomenclatural problems connected with the higher taxa of scale insects and other groups of Homoptera are briefly discussed.
Nonbinary-LDPC-coded modulation schemes for high-speed optical communication networks

IEEE has recently finished its ratification of the IEEE Standard 802.3ba in June 2010 which set the target Ethernet speed as 100 Gb/s. The studies on the future trends of the ever-increasing demands for higher speed optical fiber communications show that there is no sign of decline in the demand. Constantly increasing internet traffic and the bandwidth-hungry multimedia services like HDTV, YouTube, voice-over-IP, etc. can be shown as the main driving forces. Indeed, the discussions over the future upgrades on the Ethernet speeds have already been initiated. It is predicted that the next upgrade will enable 400 Gb/s Ethernet and the one after will be toward enabling the astounding 1 Tb/s Ethernet. Although such high and ultra high transmission speeds are unprecedented over any transmission medium, the bottlenecks for achieving them over the optical fiber remains to be fundamental. At such high operating symbol rates, the signal impairments due to interand intra-channel fiber nonlinearities and polarization mode dispersion get exacerbated to the levels that cripple the high-fidelity communication over optical fibers. Therefore, efforts should be exerted to provide solutions that not only answer the need for high-speed transmission but also maintain low operating symbol rates. In this dissertation, we contribute to these efforts by proposing nonbinary-LDPCcoded modulation (NB-LDPC-CM) schemes as enabling technologies that can meet both the aforementioned goals. We show that our proposed NB-LDPC-CM schemes can
Associative matrix for nano-scale integrated circuits

Moving towards minimum feature sizes of nanometric scale, a new computational architecture for future nano-scale integration is presented. Due to the fact that resonant tunneling diodes are very promising devices, they are applied to a novel associative matrix architecture. Fault and error tolerance as well as high computational power (word-parallel realization) are inherently related features of such structures that display their full performance in the application presented here. By means of devices with increased functionality, relative complex circuit functions are performed at high speed with reduced component counts.
Predictors of Knowledge Sharing Through a Mediating Role of Organizational Reputation and Willingness to Share : A Case of Banking Sector

Now a day, every organization strive for competitive advantage. Knowledge sharing promotes new ideas, critical thinking to attain competitive advantage. The prime objective of this study is to investigate the factors that influence knowledge sharing among employees of banking sector, Lahore, Pakistan. A combination of extrinsic and intrinsic factors was use to investigate the relationship with mediating effect of willingness to share and organizational reputation. A self-administrative questionnaire was use to for collecting data. There were 287 employees working in banking sector both public and private are participated in this study. For data analysis SPSS and AMOS was used. Work engagement, trust on colleague and organizational reward have significantly influence on knowledge sharing. Organizational reputation and willingness to share have also mediates the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The limiting and future guidelines were also discussed in conclusion.
ASPECTS OF CONCRETE DAMS RESPONSE TO NEAR-FIELD GROUND MOTIONS

Reliable analytical procedures to predict near-field effects on earthquake response of concrete dams are essential to design dams to be earthquake resistant or evaluate the earthquake safety of existing dams. Today ICOLD has adopted an approach based on two levels of earthquakes similar to the one used in nuclear industry, i.e. the design basis earthquake (DBE) and the maximum credible earthquake (MCE). But the Northridge and Hyogoken-Nanbu (Kobe) earthquakes have revealed that near-field ground motions have very damaging effects on structures. Researchers believe that at least some of these failures may have been the result of near-field effects that were not adequately taken into account in previous seismic design guidelines. It is crucial that these near-field effects be identified and thoroughly understood, and that appropriate mitigation measures be found to deal with these special ground motions. Beginning with Landers earthquake of 1992, strong motion data began to be recorded from near-field stations located within a few kilometers of the plane of fault rupture. These ground motions were observed to differ dramatically from their far-field counterparts. They were characterized by distinct large amplitude single or multiple pulses, large velocity pulses, which would be viewed as damaging criteria by engineers, forward rupture directivity and larger ratio of vertical-to-horizontal components ratio (V/H). Other records from U.S (for example Pacoima Dam site) and Japan show similar pattern.
What Makes Talent Stay ?

Background: As employees have become one of the key assets providing companies competitive advantage, the importance of talent retention has grown. This holds true especially in industries such as information technology, where firms not only have to adapt to the needs and expectations of Generation Y but are also experiencing a substantial shortage of knowledge workers. Purpose: The goal of this thesis is to first gain an understanding of what tools and techniques Finnish IT companies are using to approach the topic of retention, a process guided by theory. The existing literature and empirical findings are then combined to create a model for enhancing the retention of IT knowledge workers. Method: Empirical data was generated through interviews with ten Finnish IT firms employing knowledge workers, all different in terms of organizational characteristics and retention approaches. Template analysis was then used to infer meaningful findings from the data. Conclusion: The results show that retention of IT knowledge workers should be approached holistically. There are five categories (Training and Development; Compensation and Benefits; Flexibility and Work-life Balance; Organizational Culture; and Organizational Prestige) that must all be given thought to before implementing retention tools and techniques identified as most suitable for the specific organizational context.
Effect of Nano-iron foliar application on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of cowpea , under end season drought stress

In order to evaluate the effect of spraying Nano-iron on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of cowpea plant, an experiment was conducted in 2011-2012 in agricultural research farm, University of Urmia as a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor included four levels of drought stress: without irrigation disruption (control), irrigation disruption after 80% of flowering, after 80% of pod formation and after the first harvest and sub-factor Included foliar application of Nanoiron in four concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 per 1000). Analysis of variance results showed that effect of irrigation disruption treatments on yield was significant at 1% probability level. According to the mean comparison chart Irrigation disruption treatment after 80% flowering dramatically decreased seed yield (3/1483 kg/ ha) compared to the other levels of drought stress. The highest amount of yield was obtained in irrigation disruption after 80% of pod formation. The effect of Nano-iron spraying treatment was not significant on seed yield. The interaction of iron and irrigation on nitrogen content of seed and leaf was significant at 1% probability level. The highest rate of seed nitrogen was obtained in irrigation disruption after the first harvest and 1.5 per 1000 Nano-iron and the greatest leaf nitrogen content was achieved from Nano-iron treatment of 1 per 1000 and irrigation disruption after the first harvest. The highest amount of leaf potassium was observed in iron treatment of 0.5 per 1000 and irrigation disruption after 80% of pod formation. According to the results of data analysis the effect of Fe Nano-iron treatment on leaf Fe content was significant at 1% probability level but these treatments did not affect leaf phosphorus rate and seed Fe content significantly.