Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review Over the Incidence of Colorectal Cancer in Iran

Context Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide which is less common in the Middle East. It is also the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality and represents a major public health problem in developed countries. Objectives The present review aimed to explore the differences among the reports on number and age standardized incidences of CRC in both sexes in different areas of Iran to find the incidence trend of this cancer. Data Sources All the published reports citing the incidence of CRC in Iran were collected by conducting a literature search in international databases. Study Selection English articles were included where there was a clear definition of the population of patients under study and where the criteria for diagnosing CRC were well described. Data Extraction One author read each paper and extracted several studies and then the studies suitable for inclusion were reported in three categories. Results We identified 181 independent studies dating back to 2003; 168 full text articles were assessed for eligibility. However, 136 full text articles were excluded due to different reasons. Finally, 26 studies were suitable for inclusion in the analysis. The highest and lowest (age standardized rates) ASRs were respectively 3.4 and 2.6 in males and 11.42 and 10.56 in females. Time showed a slightly increasing trend in recent years. Conclusions Although Iran was expected to have a low incidence rate of CRC, recent studies revealed a slightly increasing trend for the incidence rate of CRC. This finding shows the necessity to consider CRC screening as an important issue in health policy priorities.
PHYSICAL COMPONENT SUMMARY AND MENTAL COMPONENT SUMMARY ARE DETERMINING FACTORS FOR THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN ESRD PATIENTS.

Article history Introduction:In the chronic disorders like CKD, the quality of life is measured in terms of length of hospital stay and risk of mortality. The aim of this study is to present how Physical component summary(PCS) scores and Mental component summary(MCS) scores affects the quality of life in ESRD patients, that is length of hospital stay and risk of death. Method and Results:A Prospective observational and interventional study has been conducted in ESRD patients(N=72), of age > 21yrs and who completed maintenance haemodialysis for more than three months at least twice in a week were studied for a period of six months to assess the effects of PCS and MCS on their quality of life. The study instrument KDQOL-SF36 was administered twice to the study groups, at 0th month and 6th month. Simultaneously the length of hospital stay was calculated and compared with the PCS and MCS at beginning and end of the study. During the study period, many efforts were made to improve the patient condition, which also includes patient counseling. Results clearly shown the significant improvement in PCS and MCS with P-value<0.005 via Pearson correlation and paired T-test in all age groups. The improvement seen was highest in males with the age groups of 66- 80yrs with 48.87% and also in patients undergoing hemodialysis for a period of 31-36 months with 44.44% . The length of hospital stay for age groups 66-80yrs and for patients undergoing hemodialysis over a period of 31-36 months has been reduced from 36days per 3months(prior to the study) to 30 days per 3months (at the end of study) which was significant. There is a minor improvement in lab findings which does not have any statistical importance. Conclusion:The results produced in this study clearly indicates that the PCS and MCS are one of the most reliable tools to estimate QOL in ESRD patients, but the risk of death cannot be estimated as it is caused by many reasons and the co-morbid conditions produced by acute infections may lead to errors in the calculation of length of hospital stay, which requires further more studies.
Dentin basic structure and composition—an overview

Dentin is the most voluminous structural component of human tooth. Dentin protects pulp tissue from microbial and other noxious stimuli. It also provides essential support to enamel and enables highly mineralized and thus fragile enamel to withstand occlusal and masticatory forces without fracturing. Furthermore, it is the first vital tissue to meet external irritation, and instead of being merely a passive mechanical barrier, dentin may in many ways participate in dentin–pulp complex defensive reactions. Even though dentin is usually considered as an entity, different parts of dentin may have special qualitative properties that help dentin to meet all of its required demands. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the basic structure and composition of dentin, including the collagenous components of the dentin organic matrix and minerals. We also describe the specific structural and functional features of the dentin–enamel junction (DEJ), mantle dentin, inter- and peritubular dentin, and pulp stones.
Analytical formulation for the synchronization performance of Q-level M-sequences in DS-CDMA

In the context of DS-CDMA asynchronous system applications, as in the uplink cellular environment, a spreading process theory based on q-level m-sequences is developed with the aim of improving the acquisition performance with respect to the classic binary case. A very simple sequential acquisition strategy, two-threshold based, is introduced and its performance studied for a generic number of levels of the spreading sequence elements. Moreover, the possibility of avoiding the tracking subsystem is considered. Some synchronization merit factors are defined and characterized to permit fast and easy performance comparison and physical observability. The results presented show that by using q-level m-sequences the tradeoff between acquisition reliability and time can be improved.
Study on Cultural Competency of Japanese Nurses

STUDY ON CULTURAL COMPETENCY OF JAPANESE NURSES Asako Kawashima, PhD George Mason University, 2008 Dissertation Director: Dr. Chien-Yun Wu There is an increase in the number of immigrants and foreign residents in Japan. This social demographic change requires Japanese nurses to deliver culturally appropriate and sensitive care. It is thus necessary to expand the research addressing Japanese nurses’ cultural competency. However, there are few studies addressing the issues regarding Japanese nurses’ cultural competency and associated variables. Furthermore, the literature suggests that the nurses’ habits of mind and attitudes regarding critical thinking dispositions (CTDs) may possibly be connected with some of the key components of cultural competence, but there are no studies examining the relationships among these variables. In addressing this gap, the purposes of this study were: 1) to examine the level of cultural competency reported by Japanese nurses; 2) to examine the level of CTDs reported by Japanese nurses; 3) to examine the relationship between nurses’ cultural competency and their CTDs; and 4) to examine the relationship between nurses’ cultural competency and selected demographic and personal factors. Cultural competency levels were measured by using the Japanese version of Campinha-Bacote’s Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competency among Healthcare Professionals-Revised (IAPCC-R). The Japanese version of the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) was employed to measure nurses’ levels of CTDs. The study included a sample of 1,035 Japanese nurses. The findings indicated that nurses mostly perceived that they were only at a “culturally aware” level according to the IAPCC-R. Nurses’ cultural competency levels were lower than those reported by western studies. Clinical experience in caring for culturally diverse clients, experience in taking courses and workshops related to cultural nursing care, other learning experiences about the concept of cultural diversity, and ability to speak a foreign language were significant factors influencing cultural competency levels. The findings further indicated that sub- scales of CCTDI including inquisitiveness, open-mindedness, self-confidence, systematicity, and maturity were predictors of nurses’ cultural competency. Responses by nurses to a series of more qualitative questions provided additional insights into their experiences with, and perceptions of, caring for culturally diverse clients. Those responses also provided information regarding impressions of the study, feelings towards the issue of cultural competency, and suggestions relating to the modification of the IAPCC-R. Overall, the study suggests the need for the development of better cultural competency education and practice.
Professional change and knowledge translation in mental health nursing : case study of the integration of a health policy into practice

This investigation aims to explore the area of change and knowledge translation in professional practice by using a case study to investigate the integration of a health policy into clinical mental health nursing (MHN) practice. It will address the research question of ‘What factors influenced the integration of Choosing Health (2006) and the Well-being Support Programme (WBSP) at the Trust’ by exploring how mental health nurses and managers of mental health services constructed and operationalised the recommendations of this policy into mental health services 2007-2008. A case study design and constructivist grounded theory methodology were used and the participants were taken from two groups who both worked in the Trust: registered mental health nurses (MHN) (n=28) and clinical managers of mental health services (n=18). Data were collected from the reflective accounts of the participants’ experiences of implementing the Choosing Health (2006) policy recommendations over a six month period during 2008. The Trust in this study was a large mental health and social care Trust in the South-East of England. Data were deductively analysed using a modified version of Lewin’s (1946) change theory which found six minor themes representing the factors that affected the implementation of Choosing Health (2006) in the Trust. The factors were common to both practitioners and managers and were: resources; policy and procedures; leadership in change; personal and professional development: support; motivation and innovation. The relationships between the six minor themes were examined further using inductive analysis producing three key themes that answered the research question of this study which are: organisational factors; professional factors and individual factors. This thesis argues that professional, as defined by Dopher (2012), influence in health policy both individually and strategically is weak, indicating deficits in professional influence, specifically in relation to organisational influence and professional representation. Further, shortfalls in professional influence at both local and national level were identified, resulting in under representation of the professional values, beliefs, codes of conduct and culture of mental health nursing (MHN). It is proposed that groups representing MHN should provide a higher profile advising on and developing mental health policy to improve the translation of policy into practice instead of its interpretation into practice. It also recommends that there should be an increased involvement in critically evaluating the professionally relevant evidence pertaining to the policy and an means of interpretation policy implications in terms of the practitioners related roles and responsibilities.
Non-fatal suicidal behaviour at the Johannesburg General Hospital : original article

lIgObjective:l/Ig Non-fatal suicidal behaviour (NFSB) severely impacts on the health services and the resources of a country and should be prevented. The aim of this control study was to describe a group of patients with NFSB and to elicit, if any, the factors associated with this behaviour compared to a non-suicidal control group. lbrglIgMethod:l/Ig Interviews were conducted on patients with NFSB treated in the Johannesburg Hospital medical emergency rooms. The information was gathered by way of a questionnaire and included: patient demographics, past history of psychiatric and medical illness, family history, habits and social adjustment. lbrglIgResults:l/Ig The study sample comprised forty-three patients with NFSB (mean age = 29.7 years) and control group of forty-five non-suicide attempters (mean age = 30.9 years). 26 (60.5%) of the patients and 33 (73.3%) of the controls were females. 10 (23.3%) of the patients had been treated for NFSB within the preceding 12 months. Patients with a past history of a psychiatric illness or of physical or sexual abuse were significantly more likely to exhibit NFSB compared to the control group (p < 0.05). lbrglIgConclusions:l/Ig Patients who threaten deliberate self-harm and who have a history of previous NFSB, past psychiatric illness and physical or sexual abuse, are at a higher risk of this behaviour as compared to the general population. If NFSB intentions are suspected in or voiced by an individual, then these risk factors should be assessed and appropriate preventative measures instituted.
The Predictive Value of Selected Extrinsic and Intrinsic Indicators of Overall Job Satisfaction in Diagnostic Radiological Technology, Radiation Therapy, and Nuclear Medicine Technology Allied Health Faculty.

Healthcare is the largest industry in the United States and 60 percent of its 14 million workers are in allied health jobs. The need to attract and retain allied health faculty is critical to preparing a competent workforce in healthcare. This study reports the results of a survey of 259 faculty members working in diagnostic radiologic technology, nuclear medicine technology, and radiation therapy allied health programs in hospital, community college, proprietary schools, colleges, and universities in the United States and Puerto Rico. The analysis tested the value of seven intrinsic variables, six extrinsic variables, and eight personal and job characteristics for predicting the overall job satisfaction based on a survey created by Smerek and Peterson (2007). The analysis also tested Herzberg, Mausner, and Snyderman's (1959) well-known, duality theory of motivators and hygiene factors. The results suggested that Herzberg's theory may not be of value as a measure of job satisfaction in this population due to a strong correlation between extrinsic (hygiene) factors and overall job satisfaction, which according to Herzberg et al.'s (1959) theory should have little to neutral correlation. In addition, the results of this study revealed that the intrinsic variables of responsibility (p = .001), clarity of mission (p = .042), and the work itself (p = .001); and the extrinsic variables of effective supervision (p = .000), good relationships with co-workers (p = .003), and satisfaction with benefits (p = .001); as well as the personal characteristic of age (p = .020) and the job characteristic of number of employees (p = .039) are significant predictors of overall job satisfaction.
Patterns of Passive and Active Cultural Activities among 13- 18 Year Old Norwegian High School Students

Several studies illuminate positive relations between health and passive versus active cultural activities. However, current knowledge on the patterns of participation in cultural activities of adolescents in a humanistic health perspective is limited. Aims: the aim of the study was to investigate the patterns of participation in passive versus active cultural activities among adolescents out of a humanistic health perspective. Methods: junior high and high school students from two municipalities in the county of Nord-Trondelag, Norway, aged 13-18 year (n=71) completed a self-administered questionnaire. Results: five passive cultural activities ranked highest among adolescents. Active cultural activities were ranked sixth on the list. Junior high school students gave priority to the active cultural activities. High school students preferred passive cultural activities. Conclusions: out of a humanistic point of view both passive and active cultural activities should be aimed in health promotion programs.
A Study on Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Quality of Care in Family Planning at Dessie Zuria District.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of Family Planning Programme of Dessie Zuria Woreda's female residents who are in childbearing age and to observe the quality of care in FP at health institution level. Method: The type of the study is cross-sectional study. We have conducted community based KAP survey in 1998 in Dessie Zuria Woreda. The Woreda's female residents were interviewed about Family planning and regarding quality care in Family Planning the health institution and health personnel were assessed . In the rural area, the peasant associations were selected by random sampling methods and the village by cluster sampling. In town the urban dweller associations were selected by random sampling. After calculating the sample size the desired number of study population was 1599 women. Concerning the quality of care assessment all the health institutions and all the health personnel who are conducting Family Planning programme in the woreda were included. Results: The most common source of information concerning FP in the urban area are Health personnel (64.6%), Mass media (14%) and similarly in the rural area, Health personnel contribute 80.3%. Among the study population 53.3% are not using Family Planning. It was observed that 75.2% of the rural and 36% of the urban are not using any means of contraceptive methods. When we compare the illiterate and those above six grades in relation to using Family planning service. Those above six grades are using the service 3.36 times more than illiterate ( P Conclusion: Expansion of service at community level with the support of CBDs, ensuring the availability of mix-contraceptive and conducting in-service training on FP is recommended. Key words: Family planning, Contraceptives, Information Education Communication, Counselling, Fertility. [J Ethiopia Med Pract. 2001:3(2):70–76 ]
Testing isometric fatigue in the trunk muscles

Muscle fatigue has high relevance in human performance and may contribute to the high incidence of back pain amongst athletes. However, the term fatigue is often poorly defined and is used inconsistently, frequently being interchanged with endurance. This study aimed to establish whether the Biering-Sorensen test and a test of fatigue for the abdominal muscles were effective at inducing fatigue using a well established definition. Twenty medical students were subjected to two protocols (A & B). Using a Cybex norm isokinetic dynamometer, the isometric peak torques during extension and flexion were measured before and after each protocol. Protocol A involved a 45 second maximal isometric contraction within the dynamometer while Protocol B entailed a Biering-Sorensen (submaximal) test for extension and a sit up crunch for flexion. Extension testing followed flexion testing. Significant reduction in peak mean torque occurred only in flexion for both protocols. The Biering-Sorensen test did not result in a decrease in peak torque suggesting minimal fatigue (using the definition used in this study). A weak correlation was found between the length of time the Biering-Sorensen test was held and the fatigue index. The Biering-Sorensen test does not appear to reduce maximum voluntary contraction strength and remains a test of endurance. However, a similar test for the abdominal muscles did induce fatigue. Further research is required to develop an effective protocol to assess trunk extensor fatigue.
The Clinical Practice of Neurological and Neurosurgical Nursing

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An investigation of the MLU-age relationship and predictors of MLU in 2- and 3-year-old Australian children

AbstractMean length of utterance (MLU) is widely used as an indicator of language development in the speech-language pathology profession. The literature has presented conflicting evidence regarding the age–MLU relationship and the strength of this relationship has been an issue of debate. Much of the previous research on MLU has been conducted with American children. There is a need to investigate the age–MLU relationship in Australian children. This paper presents the results of an investigation into the age–MLU relationship and factors which influence MLU in 2- and 3-year-old Australian children. Language samples were collected from a longitudinal study group of 75 children. Results indicated a positive relationship between age and MLU at the age of 2 years in this study of Australian children. MLU at 2 years was a significant predictor of MLU at 3 years. These results are discussed in the light of current literature and clinical implications. Limitations of the study and future research directions are.
Charnley low-friction arthroplasty. Review of the past, present status, and prospects for the future.

: The evolution of Charnley low-friction arthroplasty highlights the scientific basis for the operation. Long-term results show that the quality of pain relief remains excellent. The quality of the socket fixation has been improved by the use of new methods and designs, while a new technique of stem fixation has all but eliminated the loosening. Ultimately, wear and creep of the high-density polyethylene socket must be given serious consideration. Low friction remains the sound concept, and trochanteric osteotomy, now incorporating an element of compression in its reattachment, remains the method of choice for the exposure.