Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CO2‐caused change in plant species composition rivals the shift in vegetation between mid‐grass and tallgrass prairies

Atmospheric CO2 enrichment usually changes the relative contributions of plant species to biomass production of grasslands, but the types of species favored and mechanisms by which change is mediated differ among ecosystems. We measured changes in the contributions of C3 perennial forbs and C4 grasses to aboveground biomass production of tallgrass prairie assemblages grown along a field CO2 gradient (250–500 μmol mol−1) in central Texas USA. Vegetation was grown on three soil types and irrigated each season with water equivalent to the growing season mean of precipitation for the area. We predicted that CO2 enrichment would increase the forb contribution to community production, and favor tall‐grasses over mid‐grasses by increasing soil water content and reducing the frequency with which soil water fell below a limitation threshold. CO2 enrichment favored forbs over grasses on only one of three soil types, a Mollisol. The grass fraction of production increased dramatically across the CO2 gradient on all soils. Contribution of the tall‐grass Sorghastrum nutans to production increased at elevated CO2 on the two most coarse‐textured of the soils studied, a clay Mollisol and sandy Alfisol. The CO2‐caused increase in Sorghastrum was accompanied by an offsetting decline in production of the mid‐grass Bouteloua curtipendula. Increased CO2 favored the tall‐grass over mid‐grass by increasing soil water content and apparently intensifying competition for light or other resources (Mollisol) or reducing the frequency with which soil water dipped below threshold levels (Alfisol). An increase in CO2 of 250 μmol mol−1 above the pre‐industrial level thus led to a shift in the relative production of established species that is similar in magnitude to differences observed between mid‐grass and tallgrass prairies along a precipitation gradient in the central USA. By reducing water limitation to plants, atmospheric CO2 enrichment may alter the composition and even structure of grassland vegetation.
Socioeconomic and clinical profile of pregnant women with Gestational Hypertension Syndrome

Objective: to know the socioeconomic and clinical profile of pregnant women with Gestational Hypertensive Syndrome. Methods: descriptive and exploratory study, carried out in Primary Care, with 50 pregnant women, using form. Data analyzed by descriptive statistics. For dichotomous questions a binomial test was used. Results: pregnant women aged between 18 and 35 years (76.0%), married (52.0%), housewife (44.0%), with high school education (64.0%), non-smokers (88.0%) and non-alcoholic (96.0%) predominated. They had never had an abortion (68.0%), had previous cesarean deliveries (37.0%), Diabetes Mellitus (24.0%), chronic Hypertension (60.0%), and were heart disease patients (6.0%), overweight (56.0%) and had bleeding during pregnancy (12.0%). Conclusion: young pregnant women of childbearing age prevailed with high school education and other comorbidities and important risk factors. Descriptors: Nursing; Women’s Health; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced.
Bank Market Risk and Efficiency of Commercial Banks in Malaysia

ABSTRACT Since the global financial crisis, banking supervisors have realised that bank market risk is crucial to banking stability. Guided by the Financial Sector Master Plan, Bank Negara Malaysia has implemented risk-focused and pre-emptive regulation and supervision to control the market risk exposure. This paper examines the market risk and effects of cost and profit efficiencies on market risk using all listed banks in Malaysia for the 2000–2015 period. Using the Expected Shortfall and Stochastic Frontier Analysis, this paper estimates the cost and profit efficiencies and analyses the effects on market risk. The results show that the bank market risk exposure decreases and both cost and profit efficiencies affect market risk. Bank managers and supervisors could apply the results as a basis for formulating business strategy and developing banking policy. Keywords: Malaysian banks; market risk; expected shortfall; stochastic frontier analysis; logit ABSTRAK Sejak krisis kewangan global, penyelia perbankan telah menyedari bahawa risiko pasaran bank adalah penting untuk kestabilan sistem perbankan. Berpandukan Pelan Induk Sektor Kewangan, Bank Negara Malaysia telah melaksanakan penyeliaan yang berorientasikan risiko dan pengawalan terhadap pendedahan risiko pasaran. Makalah ini mengkaji risiko pasaran dan kesan kecekapan kos dan kecekapan keuntungan terhadap risiko pasaran menggunakan kesemua bank yang tersenarai di Malaysia untuk tempoh 2000-2015. Menggunakan Kekurangan Dijangka (ES) dan Analisa Sempadan Stokastik (SFA), makalah ini menganggarkan kecekapan kos dan keuntungan dan menganalisa kesannya kepada risiko pasaran. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa pendedahan bank terhadap risiko pasaran berkurangan dan kedua-dua kecekapan mempengaruhi risiko pasaran. Pengurus penyelia perbankan dapat menggunakan dapatan kajian sebagai dasar untuk merumuskan strategi perniagaan dan membangunkan polisi perbankan. Kata kunci: Bank; risiko pasaran; kekurangan dijangka (ES); analisa sempadan stokastik (SFA); logit
DESIGN OF SCIENCE MOBILE LEARNING OF ECLIPSE PHENOMENA WITH CONSERVATION INSIGHT ANDROID-BASED APP INVENTOR 2

Learning application is a medium that can be used to convey the content of the material involving mobile devices such as mobile phones based on Android. Learning Phenomens of Eclipse is android-based multimedia application that is created as a supplementof science instructional material in concepts of eclipses that can be accessed using a mobile device such as mobile phone. The methodology used to make this application is waterfall methodology. The purpose of making the application is the conception of conservation and science mobile learning is expected to help the students in particular and scientific community in general to get the ease of learning the concept of solar and lunar eclipses using a smartphone device without having to print using paper (paperless). The application also comes with interactive features of images, videos and quizzes. The conclusion is that mobile learning science applications of eclipse phenomenon in conception of conservation is developed and feasible to be used to study the concept of eclipse and support theefforts to reduce the use of paper (paperless). © 2016 Science Education Study Program FMIPA UNNES Semarang
Organizational climate and turnover in Islamic banking in the UAE

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature, strength and significance of the links between organizational climate and employee turnover. Design/methodology/approach - Using a self-administered questionnaire, 70 employees from an Islamic bank were surveyed in order to examine the five main hypotheses of the study. Findings - The study results revealed that employees' perceptions of corporate climate plays a significant role in the rate of staff turnover. Organizational justice, as a component of corporate climate, found to be the most important factor in explaining the variance in employee turnover. Practical implications - The theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed in the paper, together with some recommendations for managing corporate climate and turnover in today's diverse work teams and environments. Originality/value - The paper examines the links between organizational climate and employee turnover for the first time, to the authors' knowledge, in the UAE and the Arabic context.
A diverse assemblage of Botryosphaeriaceae infect Eucalyptus in native and non-native environments

The Botryosphaeriaceae cause endophytic infections of leaves and bark of various trees, including Eucalyptus, and they apparently persist in this state for extended periods of time. Under conditions of stress, these fungi cause many different disease symptoms on Eucalyptus, of which stem and branch cankers and die-back are the most prominent. Given their cryptic, endophytic nature, the Botryosphaeriaceae are easily overlooked when moving seeds and plants around the world. It is, therefore, not surprising to see a growing number of examples of introductions of Botryosphaeriaceae into new environments. In the past, three species were commonly reported from Eucalyptus, namely Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum ribis (reported as B. ribis) and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. It is now known that B. dothidea and N. ribis are generally rare on Eucalyptus, and that Aplosporella yalgorensis, B. mamane, N. parvum, N. eucalyptorum, N. eucalypticola, N. australe, N. macroclavatum, N. andinum, N. mangiferum, Dichomera eucalypti, Dichomera versiformis, Fusicoccum ramosum, Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum, P. adansoniae, P. ardesiarum, P. kimberleyense, Lasiodiplodia crassispora, L. gonubiensis, L. pseudotheobromae and L. rubropurpurea also infect this host. Interestingly, different species dominate on Eucalyptus in different regions of the world, irrespective of whether other species occur in that environment or not. As examples, in parts of eastern Australia, N. eucalyptorum and N. eucalypticola dominate, although N. australe is common on Acacia spp. in this area, while in Western Australia N. australe dominates. In South Africa and Chile N. parvum, N. eucalyptorum and N. eucalypticola are common, despite the presence of N. ribis and N. australe on related hosts such as Syzygium. In Venezuela, there are five other species not common on Eucalyptus elsewhere, but L. theobromae dominates. In Colombia, B. dothidea and N. ribis, and in Uganda and Ethiopia, L. theobromae and N. parvum, are most common. These fascinating patterns of distribution are explored, while their pathogenicity and potential influence on Eucalyptus plantations and surrounding native plant communities are considered.
Outsourcing core competencies in the mining industry: Reshaping management discourse to achieve impact

The aim of the article is to analyze the rational for choice of suppliers and the influence these decisions have on the firm’s core competencies. We examine the choice of in-house operations versus buying maintenance in the Swedish mining industry through a qualitative case study approach. The findings reveal a strong tendency to outsource maintenance. This in turn has a strong influence on the firm’s core competencies, sustained competitive advantage and long-term sustainability. Based on the empirical findings, we comment on the strength and weaknesses of the different outsourcing approaches and offer recommendations to reshape management discourse to successfully integrate the trend to outsourcing and also achieve long term impact.
Multi-Species Ecotoxicity Assessment of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil

In 1992, a study was begun to compare the effect of landfarming vs. natural attenuation on the restoration of soil that had been contaminated with crude oil. Each of three lysimeters was filled with a sandy loam topsoil, and crude oil was applied to two of the lysimeters. One of the contaminated lysimeters was tilled, watered, and received a one-time application of fertilizer (N, P, K). No amendments were added to the second contaminated lysimeter, and the third was left uncontaminated. The lysimeters were monitored for 6 months and then left unattended. In 1995 and again in 1997 we sampled these lysimeters to evaluate the long-term effects of contamination and bioremediation. In 1995 we found marked effects on soil chemistry, bacterial, fungal, nematode, and plant populations and a higher rate of bioremediation in the fertilized-contaminated lysimeter (Lawlor et al., 1997). Data from 1997 and previously unreported data from 1995 are the subject of the current report. In 1997, low densities of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were found in all the lysimeters and little loss of TPH from the two contaminated lysimeters, suggesting a decreased rate of bioremediation. Nevertheless, there were increases in diversity and number of functional groups of bacteria, nematodes, and native plant species. However, molecular analyses revealed marked differences remained in the composition of dominant eubacterial species, and tests of soybeans indicated field conditions remained unsuitable for these plants.
Comparative Analysis of Pre and Post Re-basing Economic Performance of Nigeria Construction Sector for Economic Development

This study analysed pre and post re-basing economic performance of Nigeria construction sector with a view to ascertaining if significant improvements have been achieved in terms of construction output, construction growth rate, contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and economic development. Data were obtained from the publications of the Central Bank of Nigeria and the National Bureau of Statistics from 1981 to 2015, and analysed using Z test and Pearson correlation. Statistically, the study found that there was significant improvement in the construction sector outputs and contribution to GDP after re-basing as the computed Z scores (-8.0381) and (-5.4647) were greater than the critical value (1.96) at 5% significance difference respectively. The correlation coefficients (0.706) and (0.561) and the p-values (<0.00001) indicated a strong and significant correlations. However, there was no significant difference in the growth rate of construction sector and GDP after re-basing as the computed Z scores (-0.2388) and (0.2835) were less than the critical value (1.96). The correlation coefficient (0.030) and (0.036) and p-values (0.81126) and (0.776794) also showed a very weak and non-significant correlation. This implied that Nigeria economic re-basing has triggered improvement in construction output and contribution to GDP but not in construction growth rate and GDP growth rate as previously believed.
Chemical Composition, Cholesterol, Trans-Fatty Acids Contents, pH, Meat Color, Water Holding Capacity and Cooking Loss of Hanwoo Beef (Korean Native Cattle) Quality Grade

The objective of this study was to investigate the proximate composition, pH, meat color, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss (CL), cholesterol content, and trans-fatty acid content of Hanwoo beef according to quality grade and cut. Five cuts [Cheggt (strip loin), Dngsim (loin), Moksim (chuck roll), Udoon (top round), Yanggi (brisket)] were obtained from 15 Hanwoo animals [3 bulls and 12 steers, 24-30 months old]. Three animals were selected from each quality grade of 1 , 1 , 1, 2, and 3. The protein and moisture contents (%) were significantly higher, and the fat contents (%) were significantly lower in 3 quality grade compared to the other grades (p<0.05). pH values of chuck roll and strip loin were significantly lower in 1 quality grade (5.61 and 5.51) than those in 3 quality grade (5.88 and 5.92) (p<0.05). CIE L values were significantly higher in the 1 quality grade group (38.52-42.69%) than in 3 quality grade (33.02-36.08) (p<0.05). In the 1 and 2 quality grade groups, CIE L values of loin were significantly higher than those of other cuts (p<0.05). CIE a values of loin (28.11) in 1 quality grade were the highest, whereas those of strip loin (15.36) in 3 quality grade were the lowest (p<0.05). WHC was not significantly different among the five cuts or quality grades. In CL, loin and strip loin were significantly lower in 1 quality grade than in 3 quality grade (p<0.05), and they were also significantly lower (22.21-24.81%) than the other cuts in the same quality grade (p<0.05). The loin in 1 (41.26 mg/100 g), 1 (43.23), and 1 quality grades (48.63) had higher cholesterol contents (%) than in 2 (36.02) and 3 quality grades (29.84) (p<0.05). Cholesterol contents of the five cuts in 1 quality grade (39.44-43.31%) were significantly higher than those in 3 quality grade (28.09-32.39%). The trans-fatty acid contents of the five cuts were 1.08-2.72%. The loin, strip loin, brisket, and top round in 3 quality grade had significantly higher trans-fatty acid contents than those of the other grades (p<0.05).
Warbling Vireo reproductive success and nest-site characteristics in the northern Sierra Nevada, California

Abstract Over the past 20 yr Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) populations have declined in California. We monitored Warbling Vireo nests in the high elevations of the northern Sierra Nevada in the Tahoe National Forest near Truckee, California. Nest survivorship was low (29.9% Mayfield estimate) compared to Warbling Vireo populations outside of California, but similar to levels reported for other California populations. Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism in the study population was low (7%). Warbling Vireo nest fate was related to nest-site location; successful nests in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) were situated on the west or “warmer” side of the tree, in the outer periphery of the foliage, and in areas with slightly less canopy cover compared to unsuccessful nests. These features of the nest site may help reduce the threat of predation and combat cold stress. Our results argue that Warbling Vireos in the northern Sierra Nevada have low nest survivorship (similar to populations in other areas of the state), and that successful nests are often found on thin branches well removed from the main stem.
Error Analysis: A Case Study Of Malaysian Efl Learners

Error analysis is a very significant area of applied linguistics as well as foreign language learning. This study was to identify, describe and explain the errors made by EFL tertiary-level learners in tackling a translation assignment from Malay into English. A class of 38 students of the 3rd and 4th levels constituted the subjects of the study. A period of one week was given to complete the translation task. The answers were thoroughly examined and analysed. Based on the first reading of the answers, it was clear that nearly all types of errors were made. The study focused more on the errors in written English, be it grammatical or collocational, rather than those of a translational or equivalence-based nature. It is hoped that when EFL teachers understand the different types of errors learners make, they will be better able to help learners improve their writing skills and acquire grammar accuracy. Results and implications of the findings are to be discussed further.
New Cepheid Period-Luminosity Relations for the Large Magellanic Cloud: 92 Near-Infrared Light Curves

Near-infrared J, H, and Ks photometric measurements of 92 Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud are presented. The stars are spread over the face of the Cloud, their periods range from 3 to 100 days, and their light curves are sampled at an average of 22 phase points per star. The intensity-weighted mean magnitudes and colors define period-luminosity-color (PL or PLC) relations whose uncertainties due to differential metal abundance and reddening/extinction effects are minimal. The dispersions in the infrared PL, PLC, and extinction-free period-Wesenheit relations are extremely small, amounting to less than 0.10 mag (or 5% in distance). The orientation of the disk plane of the sample (inclination angle and line of nodes) agrees well with the 2001 results of van der Marel & Cioni. The PL and PLC fits are the best-determined such relationships yet found for any sample of Cepheids and establish a calibration that can be used to precisely anchor ground- and space-based near-infrared Cepheid data to external galaxies, as well as back to Cepheid calibrators in the Galaxy. As an example, we use the 1998 Galactic Cepheid calibration of Gieren and coworkers to obtain the distance modulus to the centroid of our LMC sample. The true modulus of the LMC is thus determined to be 18.50 ± 0.05 mag. Currently, the dominant source of uncertainty in this number is the scatter in the Galactic calibrator sample. The PLC fits and dispersions and the dependence of the PLC on metal abundance are compared with theoretical versions computed from the 1999 work of Alibert and coworkers. Overall, the agreement is excellent, indicating that at near-infrared wavelengths the slope and dispersion of the PLC depend very weakly on metal abundance. The shift in the JHK PLC relations is ∼0.02 mag for a change in metal abundance from solar to one-half solar.
Nonlinear relaxational absorption/transparency for acoustic waves due to thermoelastic effect

Summary A thermoelastic mechanism that manifests itself as nonlinear dissipation of acoustic waves without implying either hysteresis or nonlinear viscous-like losses is considered. This idea was earlier considered at rheological level by the present authors for microinhomogeneous solids with defects possessing elastic nonlinearity and linear viscous-like dissipation. In the present paper, this mechanism is discussed first from a more general point of view in terms of relaxators with parameters varied due to purely reactive nonlinearity. Then it is considered in details for a practically important special case of such relaxators in the form of cracks containing inner contacts. It is shown that, due to strong stress concentration at the contacts and due to enhanced temperature gradients, the thermoelastic dissipation at these relaxators can be very e cient. Implications for linear small-amplitude losses as well as nonlinear e ects of induced transparency and induced dissipation are discussed. The two latter e ects may coexist and be observed at di erent frequency ranges (below and above the relaxation maximum). The considered amplitude-dependent e ects are typical of the same defects that may also exhibit hysteretic properties due to adhesion or friction mechanisms. Thus the discussed non-hysteretic and hysteretic mechanisms may be activated simultaneously, which should be taken into account in theoretical interpretation of observations.
Tales of adventure and change: academic staff members' future visions of higher education and their professional development needs

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore future consciousness, in particular the desire for adventure and change, in light of the literature and ideas around academic development in higher education teaching and learning, and with a particular focus on supporting staff in their engagement with technologies in new ways.Design/methodology/approach – The article builds on and extends recent work by the authors Barnes and Tynan; and Tynan, Lee and Barnes, as well as that of other researchers and theorists. A case study approach is adopted, in which the narratives or “stories” of academics at an Australian university relating to issues surrounding learning technologies are analysed. The themes that emerge from the preliminary analysis are synthesised to draw out barriers and potential solutions from the participants' perspectives, especially with regard to their self‐identified future professional development needs, and particularly in relation to their adoption and sustainable use of educational tech.
Assessing reef fish assemblages in a temperate marine park using baited remote underwater video

v Acknowledgements vii List of Figures viii List of Tables x Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Background 1 BRUV 3 Applications and advantages of BRUV 6 Limitations of BRUV 8 Aims of the study 10 Chapter 2: Baited Underwater Video – Does Bait Matter? 12 Introduction 12 Methods 17 Study Site 17 Sampling Design 20 Bait 21 BRUV Components 22 Analysis of video footage 26 Statistical Analysis 27 Results 30 Fish Species Richness and Abundance 30 Fish Assemblage 35 Discussion 37 Chapter 3: A Comparison of Fish Assemblage on Coastal and Patch Reefs Using Baited Remote Underwater Video 42 Introduction 42 Methods 45 Analysis of video footage 47 Statistical Analysis 47 Results 49 Species Richness and Abundance 50 Assemblage Structure 52 Discussion 56