Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Significance of Standing versus Reversed Trendelenburg Position for the Diagnosis of Lower-Extremity Venous Reflux in the Great Saphenous Vein

Introduction Sonographic detection of incompetence in the deep and superficial veins requires proper patient positioning. Although these tests have been traditionally performed in the reversed Trendelenburg (RT) position, recent mandates from The Intersocietal Commission for the Accreditation of Vascular Laboratories and some insurance providers require that patients be evaluated for reflux in the standing position (SP). The purpose of this study was to determine whether performing venous duplex in the SP versus RT position adds information that affects patient treatment. Methods Twenty-eight subjects (25 women; mean age of 52 years) with signs and symptoms of venous insufficiency were evaluated prospectively with the use of ultrasound imaging and Doppler in the 5- to 8-MHz ranges. The great saphenous vein (GSV) was evaluated for each limb from below the knee to the saphenofemoral junction. Patients were initially evaluated at 15–25 degrees of RT position. Reflux was defined by reversal of flow for >0.5 seconds via use of the Valsalva and/or manual compression maneuvers. The GSV was measured in A-P diameter at the saphenofemoral junction and at the knee level. The subjects were then elevated to SP and measurements were repeated while the limb was in a nonweight-bearing position. Results A total of 52 limbs were evaluated for venous reflux in 28 study subjects. The mean lower-extremity CEAP score was 3 SD ± 3. Twenty-six (50%) GSVs were positive for venous reflux in the RT position. Of these GSVs, three were negative for reflux in SP. Twenty-seven (53%) GSVs were positive for venous reflux in SP; however, four of these GSVs were negative for reflux in RT. The median difference in reflux time from RT to SP was 0.15 seconds (interquartile range 0–3.8 seconds and 0–2.7seconds, respectively, p = 0.02). The mean difference in GSV diameter from RT to SP was 0.7 mm (±0.96 mm SD, p < 0.0001). These results changed the clinical course for one subject who did not have reflux in RT but did in SP (3.5%, p = 0.085). Conclusion The results from evaluating subjects in SP were not independently associated with a change in clinical outcome. However, 15% of GSVs negative for reflux in RT were positive for reflux in the SP. As a result, 3.5% of subjects in our study had a change in clinical course as the result of evaluation of the GSV in SP. This finding suggests that failure to identify GSV reflux in RT in patients with signs and symptoms of venous insufficiency may be an indication to evaluate the GSV in SP.
Landscape effects on the occurrence of ichthyofauna in first-order streams of southeastern Brazil

Objective: In this study we aimed to understand how extrinsic environmental factors measured in the watercourses and the surrounding landscape influence the ichthyofauna of first-order streams. Methods: Data were collected within the Corumbataí River Basin, São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, during the dry season of 2012. We sampled the ichthyofauna in 13 stretches of streams distributed across four river sub-basins. The stretches differed in relation to the presence/absence of riparian forest, the predominant type of matrix and the percentage of forest. Response variables were species richness and the occurrence of functional groups and explanatory variables include both local and landscape structures from the surrounding environment. Local variables comprised the following water quality and structural attributes: pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, flow rate, depth, width, type of substrate. Landscape variables included presence/absence of riparian vegetation, type of vegetation, type of matrix, percentage of forest and canopy cover. Results: A total of 268 individuals were recorded, which were distributed among 12 species. The landscape structure influenced the occurrence of functional groups in first-order streams, especially allochthonous-feeders, nektonic and hypoxia-intolerant species. The presence of riparian forest was the most important predictor. Species richness was negatively related to the presence of riparian vegetation, supporting the hypothesis that degraded landscapes lead to a reduction in diversity. Conclusion: The protection of riparian vegetation is critical to the maintenance of ichthyofauna diversity in first-order streams. The presence or absence of riparian vegetation differently affected the occurrence of species depending on their functional characteristics, particularly those related to the tolerance to hypoxia, source of alimentary items and the position in the water column.
A model to increase employability of traumatic brain injury patients at the West Los Angeles Veteran Affairs Administration

This study assessed the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) upon specific behavioral and psychosocial factors related to employability. This descriptive study was a retrospective chart review of the records of TBI patients, returning military service members, between 2003 and 2010. Some long term residual effects for TBI patients with blast or non-blast head injuries include cognitive deficits, memory problems, chronic pain, post-traumatic stress disorder, all of which impact recovery and function. The 4 research questions relate to (a) global assessment of functioning, (b) employment challenges, (c) the impact of blast versus non blast TBI upon global assessment of functioning and employment challenges, (d) type of treatment provided, and (e) what interventions seem promising for helping those patients maintain self-sufficiency. Only 186 TBI patient charts met criteria for inclusion. The mean GAF was 55.2, which is typical for major depressive disorder. The majority was perceived by clinicians as having moderate difficulty in social, occupational, or school functioning. Approximately half of the subjects were unemployed. The lowest GAF scores belong to subjects with blast injury. The highest GAF scores belong to both blast and non-blast subjects. Only 6% of the blast group showed GAF score stability (48%), and approximately the same number of patients were seen to have worsened symptoms as had alleviated symptoms at a later date. A greater percentage of subjects with non-blast TBI were unemployed than those with blast TBI. As an indication of emotional lability, 34% of subjects exhibited emotional outbursts. Over three-fourths of the subject group reported symptoms leading to the diagnosis of depression, and a similar proportion was diagnosed with PTSD. Of those with depression, most (74%) were prescribed depression medication, but had no
Ameliorating Effect of Moringa against Liver and Kidney Injury Induced by Monosodium Glutamate

Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) produces adverse and damaging effects in different organs like liver and kidneys. Moringa has ameliorating effect on kidney and liver injury induced by monosodium glutamate. Objective: To study the ameliorating effect of moringa against rats liver and kidney injury induced by monosodium glutamate. Design: Prospective study. Setting: College of Pharmacy, Qassim University. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 20 male rats and equally divided into 4 groups. The first group was control group, second group was moringa group, third group was MSG group and forth group was MSG plus moringa group. We determined liver function, albumin, total protein, kidney function, electrolytes and histopathological examination of tissue. Main Outcome Results: Moringa has ameliorating effect on kidney and liver injury induced by monosodium glutamate. Sample Size: A total of 20 malerats. Results: There was a significant increase in the levels of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea and creatinine. Significant decrease in the levels of albumin, total proteins and sodium levels in rats treated with monosodium glutamate. Kidney sections revealed normal structure of glomeruli and renal tubules as control group, liver revealed good improvements and mild cellular infiltrations were observed in rats treated with MSG and moringa group. Conclusion: Moringa causes ameliorating effect on kidney and liver injury induced by monosodium glutamate in rats. Limitation of the Study: Few studies about the protective effect of Moringa against toxic effect of MSG. So we need to focus on its beneficial effect against toxicity induced by MSG.
THE MANAGEMENT RESEARCHER AS PRACTITIONER -ISSUES FROM THE INTERFACE

This chapter focuses upon the issues and associated opportunities and constraints faced by academic management researchers undertaking research that is immediately useful and relevant to practitioners. It takes as its starting point the emphasis given to the academic-practitioner interface by the relevance debates of the past decade and government policy initiatives to support knowledge transfer from academia to practice. As previous chapters have revealed, a substantial body of literature arguing the need for relevance in management research now exists (for example Huff and Huff, 2001; Starkey and Maddon, 2001; Rousseau, 2006; Van Aken, 2005). Although this highlights possible reasons for management academics deciding whether or not to undertake research at the interface and issues associated with such working (for example Bartunek, et al. 2006; Pollit, 2006; Macbeth, 2002), the actual realities have been discussed less widely. When discussions occur, they highlight differences between management researchers and practitioners in their orientations. Here the focus tends to be on potential tensions and constraints management researchers may face (for example, Buchanan et al., 1988; Learmonth, 2008; Macbeth, 2002), rather than also considering potential opportunities such interface research may offer along with issues that might need to be addressed (for example, Cornelissen, 2002; Maclean and Macintosh, 2002). This chapter is written with the belief that, while not all management research can or should be of direct relevance to practitioners or have commercial value, management researchers can address the needs of practitioners, delivering practical, relevant and useful research grounded in practice. This adoption of a practitioner orientation in research I refer to as ‘management researcher as practitioner’. I begin the chapter with a consideration of differences between management researchers and practitioners derived from the literature, which highlights possible tensions and the potential issues these create. This is followed by two case studies based on my own and colleagues’ experiences, offered as inside accounts of such research. These are used to explore and discuss the tensions and issues, highlighting associated opportunities and constraints. I conclude with a discussion of how the differences outlined can offer the management researcher as practitioner additional research opportunities at the interface, albeit constrained by practitioners’ requirements.
Analysis of Long-Term Water Level Variations in Qinghai Lake in China

Qinghai Lake is the largest inland saline lake on the Tibetan Plateau. Climate change and catchment modifications induced by human activities are the main drivers playing a significant role in the dramatic variation of water levels in the lake (Δh); hence, it is crucial to provide a better understanding of the impacts caused by these phenomena. However, their respective contribution to and influence on water level variations in Qinghai Lake are still unclear and without characterizing them, targeted measures for a more efficient conservation and management of the lake cannot be implemented. In this paper, data monitored during the period 1960–2016 (e.g., meteorological and land use data) have been analyzed by applying multiple techniques to fill this gap and estimate the contribution of each parameter recorded to water level variations (Δh). Results obtained have demonstrated that the water level of Qinghai Lake declined between 1960 and 2004, and since then has risen continuously and gradually, due to the changes in evaporation rates, precipitation and consequently surface runoff associated with climate change effects and catchment modifications. The authors have also pinpointed that climate change is the main leading cause impacting the water level in Qinghai Lake because results demonstrated that 93.13% of water level variations can be attributable to it, while the catchment modifications are responsible for 6.87%. This is a very important outcome in the view of the fact that global warming clearly had a profound impact in this sensitive and responsive region, affecting hydrological processes in the largest inland lake of the Tibetan Plateau.
OPTH_A_224279 1963..1972

Hammouda Hamdy Ghoraba Mahmoud Leila 2 Hashem Ghoraba 3 Mohamed Amin Heikal 4 Hosam Othman Mansour 1Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt and Medical Director, Magrabi Eye Hospital, Tanta, Egypt; 2Retina Department, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt; 3Magrabi Eye Hospital, Tanta, Egypt; 4Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt; 5Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, New Damietta City, Egypt Objective: To describe the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in terms of macular hole closure and ellipsoid zone (EZ) recovery following modified internal limiting membrane (ILM) surgical technique in traumatic macular holes (TMH). Methods: The study was a retrospective case series that recruited 16 consecutive patients with TMH. Following vitrectomy (PPV), we performed modified ILM surgical technique (IFT) in which ILM peel was stopped at the edges of the hole forming a floating ILM flap. Primary outcome measures were pattern of TMH closure and recovery of EZ. Student’s Ttest and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Results: The study had 16 eyes of 16 patients. Mean baseline minimum linear diameter (MLD) was 562μ. Mean baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.4 logMAR. Upattern closure occurred in 50% of eyes, V-pattern closure occurred in 31.2% of eyes, whereas W-pattern closure occurred in 18.7% of eyes. Mean BCVA improvement was 5 lines (p 0.02). Failure of recovery of EZ was detected in 75% of eyes. In the present series, neither pre-operative MLD nor time lapse prior to surgery were significant factors in determining the closure pattern of TMH, the grade of EZ recovery or final BCVA. Conclusion: Modified IFT is effective in promoting macular hole closure and improving visual acuity in patients with TMH. The technique does not promote recovery of EZ.
Epidemiological aspects of patients underwent appendectomy in Birjand, Iran, from May 2017 to 2019

Introduction: Appendectomy is one of the most performed surgeries worldwide. There are lots of factors involved in the incidence of appendicitis, and most of them vary among populations. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of appendicitis in Birjand, Iran, for the first time. Methods: This prospective study included 666 cases out of 673 acute appendicitis patients treated surgically in Imam Reza Hospital in Birjand, Iran, from May 2017 to 2019. The data were analyzed regarding gender, age groups, and season in SPSS software (version. 22) using a t-test and the Chi-square test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically
REGULATION, INSTITUTIONS AND AGGREGATE INVESTMENT: NEW EVIDENCE FROM OECD AND EU COUNTRIES

This paper investigates the relationship linking investment (capital stock) and structural policies. Using a panel of 32 OECD countries from 1985 to 2013, we show that more stringent product and labour market regulations are associated with less investment (lower capital stock). We also show the effects on a separate panel of EU countries. The paper also sheds light on the existence of non-linear effects of product and labour market regulation on the capital stock. Several alternative testing methods show that the negative influence of product and labour market regulation is considerably stronger at higher levels. The paper uncovers important policy interactions between product and labour market policies. Higher levels of product market regulations (covering state control, barriers to entrepreneurship and barriers to trade and investment) tend to amplify the negative relationships between product and labour market regulations and the capital stock. Equally important is the finding that the rule of law and the quality of (legal) institutions alters the overall impact of regulations on capital deepening: better institutions reduce the negative effect of more stringent product and labour market regulations on the capital stock, possibly through the reduction of uncertainty as regards the protection of property rights. JEL classification codes: E24; C13; C23; C51; L43; L51
Self-Evaluated ADHD Symptoms as Risk Adaptation Factors in Elementary School Children

Previous studies have shown that students with ADHD symptoms are more likely to have problems in all aspects of adaptation. The aim of this study is to identify ADHD symptoms that predict maladjustment in the general population of students. Hyperactivity, impulsiveness and inattention were examined with respect to academic, social and emotional adjustment. Elementary school students (average age M = 12.72, SD = 1.62) participated in the study (N = 501). The instruments used were: Hyperactivity-Impulsivity-Attention Scale, Croatian version of Self-efficacy questionnaire for children, Emotional competence questionnaire, self-assessment of peer acceptance and school success. Inattention was a significant predictor of problems in all aspects of adaptation, i.e. academic (β = -0.317 ; β = -0.528 ; p < 0.001), social (β = -0.269 ; β = -0.430 ; p < 0.001) and emotional adjustment (β = -0.225 ; β = -0.367 ; p < 0.01). Impulsiveness was only a significant predictor of academic self-efficacy (β = -0.187, p < 0.01), whereas hyperactivity was only significant for emotional competence (β = -0.174, p < 0.05). Since inattention proved to be a dominant problem, it is recommended that experts working with children make an effort to increase attention and concentration as a prevention strategy for adaptation problems of all students.
EMBRYONIC MORTALITY AND BROILER CHICK QUALITY (Gallus gallus) FROM GLASS-SHELLED EGGS

Abstract The glass-shelled egg has various points on the surface with light gray coloration, which becomes more visible with the passage of egg storage period. The objective of this work was to evaluate the stage of embryonic mortality, egg weight during the incubation period, hatch window, and quality of chicks at hatch from glass-shelled egg. The research was divided into two parts. In the first part, 80 eggs from 45 weeks old hens were incubated, being half normal eggs and half glass-shelled eggs, while in the second part, 80 eggs from 70 weeks old hens from the same flock as the previous one were incubated. Again, half were normal shelled and half were glass-shelled eggs. No differences were observed for embryonic mortality, egg weight, hatch quality (hatch weight, uniformity, and navel quality), and hatch window between normal and glass-shelled eggs from hens of 45 and 70 weeks of age. However, there was higher contamination in glass-shelled egg from 70-week-old breeder hens. The results show that the presence of glass-shelled egg does not seem to interfere with the quality of the chick at hatch in the breed, ages, and studied conditions, but causes higher contamination in glass-shelled egg from 70-week-old breeder hens.
2-Deoxy-D-glucose Mediates Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenases Over-expression and Cisplatin Resistance in Human Cervical Cancer Cells

Dihydrodiol dehydrogenases (DDHs) belong to a superfamily of cytosolic NADP (H)-dependent oxidoreductases. The over-expression of DDHs induces cisplatin resistance. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analogue, is currently being used as an anticancer reagent. In this study we investigated the effect of 2-DG on DDHs expression and cisplatin resistance in human cervical cancer 2008 and C13 cells. We employed RT-PCR to detect mRNA level of DDH1, DDH2, and DDH3 and western blotting for protein expression. The cisplatin resistance was investigated with MTT and colony formation assays. Apoptosis/necrosis and mitochondrial membrane potential analysis were evaluated with flow cytometry. The intracellular ROS regulation was evaluated with H2DCFDA probe. We used 2-DG resistant cells to demonstrate the effect of 2-DG on DDHs expression and cisplatin resistance. 2-DG significantly up-regulated the mRNA level and protein expression of DDH1, DDH2, and DDH3, which consequently increased cisplatin resistance as confirmed by MTT and colony formation assays. In the 2-DG-resistant cells, the apoptosis/necrosis percentage and intracellular ROS were significantly decreased. 2-DG itself could activate JNK. When treating the cells combined with cisplatin, 2-DG attenuated cisplatin-mediated JNK phosphorylation. 2-DG down-regulated wild-type p53 protein expression at lower 2-DG concentrations (1/2 IC50 and IC50) at 24-hour. Activated JNK attenuation and decreased p53 expression by 2-DG implied the underlying resistance mechanism. Our study highlighted that 2-DG, as an anticancer reagent currently, could be a two-side sword that also significantly inhibited apoptosis by up-regulating DDHs expression and consequently increased cisplatin resistance in the human cervical cancer cells we used.
Dispersed trees and their effect on the productivity of paddocks in the ecuadorian Amazonia

Fifty paddocks of ten years of establishment associated with tree species were randomly selected; an inventory of all dispersed species with breast height diameters (DBH) ≥ 5 cm was made. Dasometric variables as DBH, total height and crown area were measured in each tree. Frecuency, richness, abundance, importance value index, biodiversity index based on proportional abundance of species (Shannon, Simpson) and species richness (Margalef) were determinated. 22 tree families were registered, 83.8% correspond to timber species and 16,2% to fruit species, the family with the highest number of individuals was Boraginaceae with 194,96% of variation of the basal area was explained by BDH. As far as this increased and the structure of tree species do not shown any influence in dry matter production, cover and quality of the three found pasturages, due to low tree cover (3,69 ± 0,67%) and to the number of dispersed trees in the paddocks (5 to 7 trees ha−1). The impact of tree cover showed that it affects significantly on the growth of the plants, demonstrating that Marandú has the best shadow tolerance respect to Dallis and Saboya. It is concluded that the amazonian livestock system of northem central Ecuador according to the biodiversity indexes could be considerate as low levels, but with a medium richness of dispersed tree species on paddocks. The importance value index allowed identifying 4 species with the highest ecological weight over the average (3,4%) Cordia alliodora, Cedrela odorata, Schizolobium parahybum and Psidium guajava.