Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Histone Variant Exchange Accompanies Gene Induction in T Cells

ABSTRACT Changes in chromatin composition are often a prerequisite for gene induction. Nonallelic histone variants have recently emerged as key players in transcriptional control and chromatin modulation. While the changes in chromatin accessibility and histone posttranslational modification (PTM) distribution that accompany gene induction are well documented, the dynamics of histone variant exchange that parallel these events are still poorly defined. In this study, we have examined the changes in histone variant distribution that accompany activation of the inducible CD69 and heparanase genes in T cells. We demonstrate that the chromatin accessibility increases that accompany the induction of both of these genes are not associated with nucleosome loss but instead are paralleled by changes in histone variant distribution. Specifically, induction of these genes was paralleled by depletion of the H2A.Z histone variant and concomitant deposition of H3.3. Furthermore, H3.3 deposition was accompanied by changes in PTM patterns consistent with H3.3 enriching or depleting different PTMs upon incorporation into chromatin. Nevertheless, we present evidence that these H3.3-borne PTMs can be negated by recruited enzymatic activities. From these observations, we propose that H3.3 deposition may both facilitate chromatin accessibility increases by destabilizing nucleosomes and compete with recruited histone modifiers to alter PTM patterns upon gene induction.
Effects of inhibitors of the binding of iodinated alpha-bungarotoxin to acetylcholine receptors in rat muscle.

The effects of agonists and antagonists on the rate of binding of iodo-α-bungarotoxin to rat diaphragm have been measured. Homogenates or detergent extracts of rat diaphragm muscle (usually denervated beforehand) were used so that the time course of binding would not be affected by diffusion. Noninhibitable binding (measured in the presence of a high tubocurarine concentration) was subtracted from all binding measurements. Bungarotoxin binding was apparently a bimolecular reaction, with rate constants of 2 x 106 M-1 min-1 (homogenate) and 5 x 106 M-1 min-1 (solubilized). The rate constant for binding was reduced in the presence of agonists and antagonists, the relationship between retardation and inhibitor concentration being that expected for simple competitive antagonism. The equilibrium constants for antagonists, such as tubocurarine, derived from these results were close to the values found by null pharmacological methods. The apparent KI values for agonists were similar to the concentrations needed to block neuromuscular transmission. The onset of retardation was slower with agonists than with antagonists, which suggests that desensitization may be responsible both for retardation of bungarotoxin binding and for neuromuscular blockade. Similar KI values were found for both homogenates and detergent extracts of denervated muscle, and similar values were found in homogenates of normal and of denervated muscle, when tubocurarine or carbachol was used as inhibitor. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We are very grateful to Dr. Z. W. Hall for showing us his work (27, 28) before it was published.
Randomised comparison of Nobori, biolimus A9-eluting coronary stent with a Taxus(R), paclitaxel-eluting coronary stent in patients with stenosis in native coronary arteries: the Nobori 1 trial.

BACKGROUND We studied the Nobori coronary stent coated with a bioabsorbable polymer and the anti-proliferative agent Biolimus A9 which may reduce neointimal formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for de novo lesions in up to two native coronary arteries, in 29 centres across Europe, Asia and Australia were randomly (2:1) assigned to receive the Biolimus A9 eluting stent Nobori (85 patients) or paclitaxel eluting stent Taxus(R) (35 patients). The two groups were well matched in baseline characteristics. The primary end point of non-inferiority for in-stent late loss of Nobori stent versus Taxus(R) stent, at 9 months, was reached with the values of 0.15+/-0.27 mm with Nobori stent and 0.32+/-0.33 mm with Taxus(R) stent (p=0.006). Neointimal volume obstruction was 2.2+/-6.0% and 8.9+/-9.2% for Nobori and Taxus(R) stent respectively (p=0.017). The rates of death, myocardial infarction and any target vessel revascularisation at 9 months were 0%, 4.7%, and 7.1% respectively for Nobori stent, and 0%, 8.6% and 14.3% respectively for Taxus(R) stent. Clinically-driven target lesion revascularisation rate was 0% for Nobori stent and 2.9% for Taxus(R) stent. Stent thrombosis rates at 9 months were 0% in both groups. CONCLUSIONS In this trial the Nobori Biolimus A9 eluting stent proved to be safe and effective in reducing neointimal proliferation. The long term safety remains to be confirmed during the extended follow-up period of 5 years.
Ketamine, an NMDA‐antagonist, increases the oscillatory frequencies of α‐peaks on the electroencephalographic power spectrum

Background: Ketamine, an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, is known to activate the electroencephalogram (EEG), despite its sedative effects. Spindle oscillations are known to be related to the sedative actions of the reticular thalamic nucleus with links to thalamocortical neurons. This study was designed to examine the effect of ketamine on the spindle oscillations to understand the simultaneous sedative effect and EEG activation that occurs with ketamine, by comparing the EEG in emergence.
Physical layer analysis of emerging IEEE 802.11n WLAN standard

In January 2004 IEEE announced that it had formed a new 802.11 Task Group N (TGn) to develop a new amendment to the 802.11 standard for wireless local-area networks that is known as the IEEE 802.11n standard. The real data throughput is at least 100 Mbps, with the possibility of even higher raw data rate at the physical layer (PHY), and should be up to 5 times faster than 802.11a or 802.11g, and perhaps 25 times faster than 802.11b in mandatory modes of operation. It is projected that 802.11n also offer better operating distance and full compatibility with current WLANs. There are two competing proposals of the 802.11n standard, expected to be ratified: WWiSE and TGnSync. This paper on PHY compares new technical solutions of these two proposals believing that the best of these proposals is incorporated in 802.11n standard. We also emphasize features and technical solutions on PHY that is inevitably built in the emerging 802.11n standard
Peroxynitrite alters the catalytic activity of rodent liver proteasome in vitro and in vivo

The proteasome is an important multicatalytic enzyme complex that degrades misfolded and oxidized proteins, signal transduction factors, and antigenic peptides for presentation. We investigated the in vitro effects of peroxynitrite (PN) on the peptidase activity of both crude 20S and 26S and purified 20S proteasome preparations from rat liver as well as proteasome activity in Hep G2 cells and in mouse liver. Crude and purified proteasome preparations were exposed to PN or to the PN donor, 3‐morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN‐1), and then assayed for chymotrypsin‐like activity. For in vivo experiments, mice were treated with molsidomine, which is metabolized to SIN‐1 in liver. PN and SIN‐1 dose‐dependently modulated the chymotrypsin‐like activity of the 20S proteasome: lower concentrations enhanced proteasome activity, and higher concentrations caused its decline. The NO donor S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), at all concentrations, suppressed 20S proteasome activity. We observed similar results when liver soluble fractions (S‐100) were treated with PN, SIN‐1, or SNAP, except that enzyme activity in S‐100 fractions was less sensitive than the purified enzymes to these agents. Treatment of Hep G2 cells with 0.01 or 0.1 mmol/L SIN‐1 stimulated in situ proteasome activity in these cells, while 1 mmol/L SIN‐1 suppressed it. SNAP treatment did not affect proteasome activity in Hep G2 cells. Mice treated with molsidomine had enhanced liver proteasome activity 6 hours after treatment, but after 24 hours enzyme activity declined below control levels. In conclusion, PN dose‐dependently modulated proteasome activity, regulating protein degradation by the proteasome in liver cells. (HEPATOLOGY 2004;40:574–582.)
Electrically evoked potentials in cochlear implant subjects

A series of experiments was performed to study electrically evoked potentials as indicators of subject response to cochlear implantation. 1. Brain stem evoked responses to electrical stimulation were compared to those obtained by acoustic stimulation in guinea pigs. The response pattern was similar and was independent of the site of placement of the stimulus electrode (cochlear base or apex) or of the extracochlear ground electrode (eustachian tube or temporalis muscle) when evoked electrically. 2. Electrically evoked middle latency responses were recorded and compared to subjective behavioral thresholds in patients who had received a single channel cochlear implant (House‐Urban). The behavioral responses to the same stimuli were similar. 3. Electrically evoked auditory brain stem responses were studied in single channel cochlear implant subjects (3M/House). When evoked electrically, potential latencies were shorter and interpeak intervals narrower than acoustically evoked potentials.
Hyponatraemia and dopaminergic agents.

septicaemia is unusual. ' We report a patient in whom staphylococcal pneumonia resulted in multiple abscesses of the skeletal muscles. A 25 year old male was admitted with the chief complaints of high-grade fever, cough and expectoration of mucopurulent sputum of 10 days duration. Five days prior to admission, the patient complained of a painful swelling on the left side of the chest extending toward the left shoulder. Examination revealed a toxic, dehydrated, diaphoretic, moderately built and nourished patient with a pulse rate of 132 beats/minute, respiratory rate of40/minute regular and a blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg. The temperature was 102.4'F. Chest examination revealed bilateral coarse crepitations, more on the left side. There was a hot, tender, brawny, rubbery hard, pitting swelling on the left side of the chest anteriorly extending to the tip of the left shoulder. The movements of the left arm were markedly restricted and painful. Investigations showed a total leucocyte count of 16 x 109/1 with 74% neutrophils showing toxic granules. ESR was 45 mm in the first hour. Blood sugar, urea, serum electrolytes and creatinine were normal. The chest X-ray displayed bilateral fluffy opacities occupying the whole of the lung fields without the presence ofeffusion or pneumatocele. Blood culture was repeatedly sterile. Sputum culture showed a growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The patient was given cefazolin and gentamicin along with supportive treatment. During his stay in the hospital, the patient developed abscesses on the medial aspect of the right thigh extending anteriorly and on volar surface of both forearms. These abscesses were drained and revealed intramuscular collection of pus which grew Staphylococcus aureus. The patient showed a steady recovery. 'Tropical pyomyositis' is frequently seen in the tropics. In 90% of the cases, Staphylococcus aureus is the incriminating organism.2 The aetiology of this condition is still unknown. Various predisposing factors have been described. ' Defect in host immunity may have a role in the pathogenesis. Pneumonitis with abscess or pleural thickening is seen in 5% of cases of tropical pyomyositis. ' However, staphyloccal pneumonia and septicaemia causing metastatic abscess is unusual.3 As far back as 1930, Sayers4 described pulmonary complications in six out of 26 cases of tropical pyomyositis of whom one had lobar pneumonia. Taylor et al.5 found at autopsy that 50% of the 19 cases had macroscopic evidence of bronchopneumonia. All these cases had presented with symptoms and signs related to the musculoskeletal system. Our case presented with respiratory complaints following which he developed multiple abscesses. From the literature that we could go through, we did not come across any report of bronchopneumonia causing pyogenic muscle abscess.
Global optimisation of communication protocols for bulk synchronous parallel computation

﻿ In the Bulk Synchronous Parallel (or BSP) model of parallel communication represented by BSPlib , the relaxed coupling of the global computation, communication and synchronisation, whilst providing a definite semantics, does not prescribe exactly when and where communication is to be carried out during the computation. It merely states that it cannot happen before requested by the application and that at certain points local computation cannot proceed unless updates have been applied from the other participating processors. The nature of the computation and this framework is open to exploitation by the implementation of the runtime system and can be made to suit particular physical environments without requiring application program changes. This bulk and global view of parallel computation can be used to implement protocols that both maintain and take into account global state for optimising performance. Such global protocols can provide performance improvements which are not easily achieved with local and greedy strategies and may in turn be locally sub-optimal. This global perspective and the exploitable nature of BSP computation is applied to congestion avoidance, transport layer protocols suitable for BSP computation, global stable check-pointing, and work process placement and migration, to achieve a better overall performance. An important consideration for the compositionality of parallel computer systems into larger systems is that in order for the composite to exhibit good performance, the individual components must also do so. However, it is not obvious how the individual components contribute to the global performance. Already mentioned is that non-locally optimal strategies might lead to globally optimal performance, but also of importance is that variance observed at the local level also influences performance. A number of decisions in the transport protocol design and implementations have been made in order that the observed variance in the protocol's behaviour is minimised. It is demonstrated why this is required using the BSP model. The analysis also suggests a regression technique which can be applied to sampled global performance data.
Outcomes of Early Delirium Diagnosis After General Anesthesia in the Elderly

BACKGROUND: Postoperative delirium in the elderly, measured days after surgery, is associated with significant negative clinical outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence and in-hospital outcomes of delirium diagnosed immediately after general anesthesia and surgery in elderly patients. METHODS: Consecutive English-speaking surgical candidates, aged 70 years or older, were prospectively enrolled during July to August 2010. After surgery, each participant was evaluated for a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV diagnosis of delirium in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and repeatedly thereafter while hospitalized. Delirium in the PACU was evaluated for an independent association with change in cognitive function from preoperative baseline testing and discharge disposition. RESULTS: Ninety-one (58% female) patients, 78% of whom were living independently before surgery, were found to have a prevalence of delirium in the PACU of 45% (41/91); 74% (14/19) of all delirium episodes detected during subsequent hospitalization started in the PACU. Early delirium was independently associated with impaired cognition (i.e., decreased category word fluency) relative to presurgery baseline testing (adjusted difference [95% confidence interval] for change in T-score: −6.02 [−10.58 to −1.45]; P = 0.01). Patients whose delirium had resolved by postoperative day 1 showed negative outcomes that were intermediate in severity between those who were never delirious during hospitalization and those whose delirium in the PACU persisted after transfer to hospital wards (adjusted probability [95% confidence interval] of discharge to institution: 3% [0%–10%], 26% [1%–51%], 39% [0%–81%] for the 3 groups, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Delirium in the PACU is common, but not universal. It is associated with subsequent delirium on the ward, and potentially with a decline in cognitive function and increased institutionalization at hospital discharge.
Tiles: A Card-based Ideation Toolkit for the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) offers new opportunities to invent technology-augmented things that are more useful, efficient or playful than their ordinary selves, yet only a few tools currently support ideation for the IoT. In this paper we present Tiles Cards, a set of 110 design cards and a workshop technique to involve non-experts in quick idea generation for augmented objects. Our tool aims to support exploring combinations of user interface metaphors, digital services, and physical objects. Then it supports creative thinking through provocative design goals inspired by human values and desires. Finally, it provides critical lenses through which analyze and judge design outcomes. We evaluated our tool in 9 ideation workshops with a total of 32 participants. Results show that the tool was useful in informing and guiding idea generation and was perceived as appealing and fun. Drawing on observations and participant feedbacks, we reflect on the strengths and limitations of this tool.
Infections Caused by Antimicrobial Drug-Resistant Saprophytic Gram-Negative Bacteria in the Environment

Background Drug-resistance genes found in human bacterial pathogens are increasingly recognized in saprophytic Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) from environmental sources. The clinical implication of such environmental GNBs is unknown. Objectives We conducted a systematic review to determine how often such saprophytic GNBs cause human infections. Methods We queried PubMed for articles published in English, Spanish, and French between January 2006 and July 2014 for 20 common environmental saprophytic GNB species, using search terms “infections,” “human infections,” “hospital infection. ” We analyzed 251 of 1,275 non-duplicate publications that satisfied our selection criteria. Saprophytes implicated in blood stream infection (BSI), urinary tract infection (UTI), skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI), post-surgical infection (PSI), osteomyelitis (Osteo), and pneumonia (PNA) were quantitatively assessed. Results Thirteen of the 20 queried GNB saprophytic species were implicated in 674 distinct infection episodes from 45 countries. The most common species included Enterobacter aerogenes, Pantoea agglomerans, and Pseudomonas putida. Of these infections, 443 (66%) had BSI, 48 (7%) had SSTI, 36 (5%) had UTI, 28 (4%) had PSI, 21 (3%) had PNA, 16 (3%) had Osteo, and 82 (12%) had other infections. Nearly all infections occurred in subjects with comorbidities. Resistant strains harbored extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), carbapenemase, and metallo-β-lactamase genes recognized in human pathogens. Conclusion These observations show that saprophytic GNB organisms that harbor recognized drug-resistance genes cause a wide spectrum of infections, especially as opportunistic pathogens. Such GNB saprophytes may become increasingly more common in healthcare settings, as has already been observed with other environmental GNBs such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Evolution of Li, Be, and B in the Galaxy

In this paper we study the production of Li, Be, and B nuclei by Galactic cosmic-ray spallation processes. We include three kinds of processes: (1) spallation by light cosmic rays impinging on interstellar CNO nuclei (direct processes), (2) spallation by CNO cosmic-ray nuclei impinging on interstellar p and 4He (inverse processes), and (3) α-α fusion reactions. The latter dominate the production of 6,7Li. We calculate production rates for a closed box Galactic model, verifying the quadratic dependence of the Be and B abundances for low values of Z. These are quite general results and are known to disagree with observations. We then show that the multizone, multipopulation model that we used previously for other aspects of Galactic evolution produces quite good agreement with the linear trend observed at low metallicities without fine-tuning. We argue that reported discrepancies between theory and observations do not represent a nucleosynthetic problem but instead are the consequences of inaccurate treatments of Galactic evolution.
Long-term effects of treatments for childhood cancers

Purpose of review The late effects of current treatments for childhood cancer increase the risk of morbidity and mortality and diminish the quality of life in long-term survivors. We selectively review the negative late cardiac, endocrine, and neurological effects of childhood cancer and its treatments and comment on current research and recommendations for the care of long-term survivors of childhood cancer. Recent findings Progressive cardiotoxicity has been established. Late cardiac effects can be mitigated with the concomitant use of dexrazoxane with anthracycline. When radiotherapy is used multiple organ systems must be monitored for known late effects dependent on the location. Proper diet, physical activity, and obesity are topics that must be addressed in survivors. Late neurocognitive effects impact intelligence quotient, behavior, and achievement. Systematic follow-up with appropriate clinical screening and testing is important in diagnosing and potentially preventing late effects of cancer therapy. Summary The new paradigm for defining successful cancer therapy is the balance between oncologic efficacy and toxicity/late effects. The complexity of late effects necessitates a multidisciplinary approach to long-term care of these patients. The high frequency, delayed onset, and potential severity of late effects demand increased and lifelong monitoring of these individuals.
The Alterations of Some Pancreas Gland Hormones after an Aerobic Strenuous Exercise in Male Students

The alterations in pancreas gland secretion hormones following an aerobic and exhausting exercise was the purpose of this study. Sixteen healthy men participated in the study. The blood samples of these participants were taken in four stages under fasting condition. The first sample was taken before Bruce exhausting and aerobic test, the second sample was taken after Bruce exercise and the third and forth stages samples were taken 24 and 48 hours after the exercises respectively. The final results indicated that a strenuous aerobic exercise can have a significant effect on glucagon and insulin concentration of blood serum. The increase in blood serum insulin was higher after 24 and 48 hours. It seems that an intensive exercise has little effect on changes in glucagon concentration of blood serum. Also, disorder in secretion in glucagon and insulin concentration of serum disturbs athletes’ exercise. Keywords—Intensive Exercise, Bruce Protocol, Glucagon, Insulin