Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermo-mechanical design of honeycomb panel with fully-potted inserts used for spacecraft design

To support focused science and engineering missions, spacecraft bus designs should minimize mass and maximize design flexibility without reducing capability. This requires a highly efficient spacecraft structure to maintain the required stiffness with a minimal mass. Honeycomb sandwich structure combines high flexural rigidity and bending strength with low weight and plays an increasing role in industry. Aluminium sandwich structures consist of thin, high-density outer and inner facings, and a thick, low-density core. They overcome the problem of increasing weight with increasing material thickness and are thus particularly useful in aerospace applications. In This paper the finite-element method FEM has been employed to study the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the hexagonal honeycomb panel. Fully coupled thermal-Modal analyses were conducted using the FEM to predict the frequencies modes and thermal coupling caused by the adjacent inserts under extreme thermal loading conditions. Detailed finite element models for honeycomb panels are developed in this study including the insert joints. New approach of the adhesive joint is modelled. Thermal simulations showed that the adjacent inserts causes the thermal coupling and the adjacent inserts are highly sensitive to the effect of elevated temperatures. The results of the equivalent models presented in this analysis are significant in the preliminary satellites structural dimensioning which present an effective approach of development by reducing the cost and the time of analysis.
Maternal Midpregnancy Plasma trans 18:1 Fatty Acid Concentrations Are Positively Associated with Risk of Maternal Vascular Complications and Child Low Birth Weight.

Background: Evidence is plentiful that trans fatty acids (TFAs) induce vascular inflammation with adverse metabolic consequences. However, it is not clear whether TFAs increase the risk of vascular pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia.Objective: We investigated associations between midpregnancy maternal plasma trans 18:1 fatty acid (t18:1) concentrations and pregnancy course and outcomes.Methods: Participants were 6695 pregnant women and newborns from the Generation R Study, Rotterdam, Netherlands (enrollment in 2001-2005). Maternal midpregnancy (mean ± SD gestational age: 20.7 ± 1.2 wk) t18:1 plasma concentrations were determined and related to gestational age and sex-adjusted birth weight SD scores, placental weight, and the risk of preeclampsia. In addition, we explored potential time trends by testing the association of maternal plasma t18:1 concentrations with birth weight in birth cohorts given the Dutch industry-initiative to lower food TFA contents during the inclusion period. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were performed, taking various socioeconomic and biological covariates into account.Results: A higher midpregnancy maternal plasma t18:1 concentration was associated with lower birth weight (SD score, adjusted β: -0.10; 95% CI: -0.15, -0.04; P < 0.001) and placental weight (kilograms, adjusted β: -10,65; 95% CI: -20.23, -1.07; P = 0.03) and with a higher risk of preeclampsia (adjusted OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.49; P = 0.02). We observed a 31% decrease in the median plasma t18:1 concentration in our population over time, but the association between the plasma t18:1 concentration standardized per birth year and birth weight was comparable between birth-year cohorts (years 2001-2005). Conclusions: A higher maternal midpregnancy plasma t18:1 concentration was associated with lower birth weight and placental weight and with a higher risk of preeclampsia. Although the intake of TFAs in our population decreased during the inclusion period, the association with adverse pregnancy outcomes was unchanged even at lower maternal plasma t18:1 concentrations.
Role of aspartate 132 at the orifice of a proton pathway in cytochrome c oxidase

Proton transfer across biological membranes underpins central processes in biological systems, such as energy conservation and transport of ions and molecules. In the membrane proteins involved in these processes, proton transfer takes place through specific pathways connecting the two sides of the membrane via control elements within the protein. It is commonly believed that acidic residues are required near the orifice of such proton pathways to facilitate proton uptake. In cytochrome c oxidase, one such pathway starts near a conserved Asp-132 residue. Results from earlier studies have shown that replacement of Asp-132 by, e.g., Asn, slows proton uptake by a factor of ∼5,000. Here, we show that proton uptake at full speed (∼104 s−1) can be restored in the Asp-132–Asn oxidase upon introduction of a second structural modification further inside the pathway (Asn-139–Thr) without compensating for the loss of the negative charge. This proton-uptake rate was insensitive to Zn2+ addition, which in the wild-type cytochrome c oxidase slows the reaction, indicating that Asp-132 is required for Zn2+ binding. Furthermore, in the absence of Asp-132 and with Thr at position 139, at high pH (>9), proton uptake was significantly accelerated. Thus, the data indicate that Asp-132 is not strictly required for maintaining rapid proton uptake. Furthermore, despite the rapid proton uptake in the Asn-139–Thr/Asp-132–Asn mutant cytochrome c oxidase, proton pumping was impaired, which indicates that the segment around these residues is functionally linked to pumping.
Two mechanisms in the action of repressor δEF1: binding site competition with an activator and active repression

Counteraction between activators and repressors is crucial for the regulation of a number of cell‐specific enhancers, where an activator and a repressor are mutually competitive in binding to the same site. δEF1 is a repressor protein of δ1‐crystallin minimal enhancer DC5 binding at the CACCT site, and inhibits activator δEF3 from binding to the overlapped site. It has two zinc finger clusters N‐fin and C‐fin, close to N‐ and C‐termini, respectively, and a homeodomain in the middle. δEF1 also binds to the E2‐box sequence CACCTG, and represses E2‐box‐dependent enhancers.
Lenticule thickness readout for small incision lenticule extraction compared to artemis three-dimensional very high-frequency digital ultrasound stromal measurements.

PURPOSE To evaluate the accuracy of the lenticule thickness readout for small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with the VisuMax femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). METHODS Artemis very high-frequency digital ultrasound (ArcScan, Inc., Morrison, CO) measurements were obtained before and 3 months after SMILE in 70 eyes of 37 patients. The Artemis measured lenticule thickness was calculated as the maximum difference in stromal thickness before and after treatment. Comparative statistics and linear regression analysis were performed between the VisuMax readout lenticule thickness and Artemis measured maximum stromal change. Central epithelial thickness was measured and a similar analysis was performed using corneal thickness. Variability of the data were compared to ablation depths for a matched group of eyes from a previously published LASIK population treated with the MEL80 excimer laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec). RESULTS The mean maximum myopic meridian treated was -7.81 ± 2.33 diopters (range: -2.25 to -12.50 diopters). On average, the VisuMax readout lenticule depth was 8.2 ± 8.0 μm thicker (range: -8 to +29 μm) than the Artemis measured stromal change (P < .001). On average, central epithelial thickness was 15.0 ± 5.2 μm thicker (range: 5 to 30 μm) after the procedure. The VisuMax readout lenticule thickness was 23.2 ± 10.9 μm thicker (range: +5 to +49 μm) than the Artemis measured corneal thickness change. The R(2) of 0.868 for the SMILE group was higher than 0.738 for the LASIK group (P = .015). CONCLUSIONS The accuracy of SMILE lenticule thickness was found to be higher than actual measured stromal thickness change; however, predictability for SMILE lenticule thickness appeared higher than predictability for excimer laser ablation depth. The VisuMax readout lenticule depth was found to be 8 μm thicker than the achieved stromal change. This can be partly explained by alignment errors between preoperative and postoperative scans. However, this appears to show some biomechanical changes occur after SMILE.
The MAOA promoter polymorphism, disruptive behavior disorders, and early onset substance use disorder: gene–environment interaction

Objectives Conduct, oppositional defiant, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, reflecting early antisociality and behavior dysregulation, are predictive of substance use disorders. Liabilities to these disorders share genetic and environmental variance. Parenting characteristics have been shown to influence development of antisociality, moderated by variation at the MAOA gene, which has also been associated with the risk for substance use disorders. To extend these findings, we tested the relationships between the MAOA promoter polymorphism (variable number tandem repeat), indices of child's perception of paternal and maternal parenting, and disruptive behavior disorders and substance use disorders. Methods A sample of 148 European–American males was assessed prospectively at ages from 10–12 to 18–19 years and genotyped for the monoamine oxidase A variable number tandem repeat. The Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder-III-R diagnoses were obtained using standard methodology. Parenting was assessed using a scale summarizing the child's evaluation of the parenting style (parent's behavior toward him, parental emotional distance and involvement). Correlation, logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to determine the relationships between the variables. Results The strength of association between parenting index and conduct and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders depended on the MAOA genotype. Unlike earlier findings, the parenting–risk relationships were observed in the ‘high-’ rather than ‘low-activity’ genotypes. The strength and direction of relationships depended on the parental sex. The MAOA polymorphism's association with the risk for substance use disorders was detected when parenting was controlled for. Conclusions The results are consistent with the contribution of the MAOA gene, parenting style and their interactions to variation in the risk for early onset behavior disorders and liability to substance use disorders.
Theoretical noise model for oxygenation‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging

Contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) in blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) based functional MRI (fMRI) studies is a fundamental parameter to determine statistical significance and therefore to map functional activation in the brain. The CNR is defined here as BOLD contrast with respect to temporal fluctuation. In this study, a theoretical noise model based on oxygenation‐sensitive MRI signal formation is proposed. No matter what the noise sources may be in the signal acquired by a gradient‐echo echo‐planar imaging pulse sequence, there are only three noise elements: apparent spin density fluctuations, S0(t); transverse relaxation rate fluctuations, R 2* (t); and thermal noise, n(t). The noise contributions from S0(t), R 2* (t), and n(t) to voxel time course fluctuations were evaluated as a function of echo time (TE) at 3 T. Both noise contributions caused by S0(t) and R 2* (t) are significantly larger than that of thermal noise when TE = 30 ms. In addition, the fluctuations between S0(t) and R 2* (t) are cross‐correlated and become a noise factor that is large enough and cannot be ignored. The experimentally measured TE dependences of noise, temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio, and BOLD CNR in finger‐tapping activation regions were consistent with the proposed model. Furthermore, the proposed theoretical models not only unified previously proposed BOLD CNR models, but also provided mechanisms for interpreting apparent controversies and limitations that exist in the literature. Magn Reson Med 53:1046–1054, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Irreversible perinatal imprinting of adult expression of the principal sex‐dependent drug‐metabolizing enzyme CYP2C11

We proposed to determine whether, like other sexual dimorphisms, drug metabolism is permanently imprinted by perinatal hormones, resulting in its irreversible sex‐dependent expression. We treated newborn male rats with monosodium glutamate (MSG), a total growth hormone (GH) blocker, and, using cultured hepatocytes, examined expression of adult CYP2C11, the predominant cytochrome‐P450 expressed only in males, as well as the signal transduction pathway by which episodic GH solely regulates the isoform's expression. In addition, adolescent hypophysectomized (hypox) male rats served as controls in which GH was eliminated after the critical imprinting period. Whereas renaturalization of the masculine episodic GH profile restored normal male‐like levels of CYP2C11, as well as CYP2C12, in hepatocytes from hypox rats, the cells derived from the MSG‐treated rats were completely unresponsive. Moreover, GH exposure of hepatocytes from hypox rats resulted in normal induction, activation, nuclear translocation, and binding to the CYP2C11 promoter of the signal transducers mediating GH regulation of CYP2C11 expression, which dramatically contrasted with the complete unresponsiveness of the MSG‐derived hepatocytes, also associated with hypermethylation of GH‐response elements in the CYP2C11 promoter. Lastly, neonatal MSG treatment had no adverse effect on postnatal and adult testosterone levels. The results demonstrate that the sexually dimorphic expression of CYP2C11 is irreversibly imprinted shortly after birth by a hormone other than the customary testosterone, but likely by GH. —Das, R. K. , Banerjee, S. , Shapiro, B. H. Irreversible perinatal imprinting of adult expression of the principal sex‐dependent drug‐metabolizing enzyme CYP2C11. FASEB J. 28, 4111‐4122 (2014). www.fasebj. org
ETIKA BISNIS ISLAMI DALAM PRAKTEK BISNIS RASULULLAH

Historical study of the Muhammad’s behavior and business ethics before being appointed as messenger is an interesting study, because the conduct and business ethics that Mohammed applied was based on the study of the verses of the Koran.After appointed as messenger (40 years old), the life of prophet Muhammad wasmore guided by the revelations of the Qur'an. Some principles which the prophet applied are honest, amanah, accurate in weighting, , avoid gharar, not hoard goods,not execute al-ghab and tadlis among seller and buyer. ABSTRAK: Kajian sejarah mengenai perilaku dan etika bisnis Muhammad sebelum ditunjuksebagai nabi merupakan kajian yang menarik, karena peri laku dan etika bisnisyang diterapkan oleh Muhammad didasarkan pada kajian ayat-ayat al-Qur’an.Setelah ditunjuk sebagai nabi (usia 40 tahun), kehidupan Nabi Muhammad lebihdibimbing oleh wahyu-wahyu al-Qur’an. Beberapa prinsip yang diterapkan olehMuhammad adalah jujur, amanah, timbangan yang tepat, menghindari gharar,tidak menimbun barang, tidak melakukan al-ghalb dan tadlis di antara penjualdengan pembeli.Keywords: etika, moral, bisnis, Muhammad, perilaku, ekonomi.
[Dual articulation retentive acetabular liners and wear: surface analysis of 40 retrieved polyethylene implants].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The original concept of dual articulation retentive liners has been implemented in routine clinical practice for total hip arthroplasty since 1976. The retentive liner improves stability and the dual mobility favors preservation of joint motion. In this study, we analyzed wear of the two concave and convex surfaces in 40 retrieved polyethylene implants in order to search for factors favoring wear. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty polyethylene inserts were examined. These implants had been removed after mean implantation of eight years. Mean patient age at implantation was 48 years. The inserts were removed because of prosthesis infection or mechanical failure. Macroscopic examination was followed by a surface analysis with direct measurement of alterations of the curvature radii. Internal concavity was measured in the three dimensions using a 4-mm stylus (BNH 706). External convexity was measured by lateral projection. The estimated error was +/- 5 microm for both measurement methods. Manufacturers' tolerances for these implants were approximately 50 microm. Linear and volumetric wear was determined by comparing the measured dimensions with the theoretical dimensions of new inserts. RESULTS Macroscopically, all of the pieces studied had lost their initial striation on the convex surface; 40% of the pieces displayed visible wear of the retentive collar. Mean annual wear was 9 microm (SD 9microm) for the convex surface and 73 microm (SD 69 microm) for the concave surface. Mean total wear, taken as the sum of the wears on the convex and concave surfaces was 82 microm (SD 72 microm). Volumetric wear was 28.9 mm3/yr for the convex surface (SD 27.6) and 25.5 for the concave surface (SD 23.2) giving a mean annual total volumetric wear of 54.3 mm3/yr (SD 39.6). DISCUSSION Total wear observed for these 40 dual articulation liners which had functioned in vivo was to the same order as reported for the metal-polyethylene bearing with 22.2 mm femoral heads. Considering the wear on both the convex and concave surface, the dual articulation was not associated with increased wear compared with the conventional metal-polyethylene bearings, but with the advantages of retention and greater stability. CONCLUSION Use of a dual articulation acetabular liner is an attractive solution when a metal-polyethylene bearing is considered. The benefit in terms of joint stability does not increase wear.
Relationship between the second reflective band on optical coherence tomography and multifocal electroretinography in age-related macular degeneration.

PURPOSE The second hyper-reflective on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) has been suggested to correlate with the photoreceptor inner segment ellipsoids (ISe). The purpose of our study was to determine the relationship between the intensity of the ISe band and retinal function measured by multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) in patients with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS A high-resolution horizontal line scan through the fovea on SD-OCT and an mfERG recording were performed in one eye of 29 early AMD and 31 control participants. The relative intensity of the ISe band within 1000 μm of the fovea was quantified using ImageJ. The relationships between the relative intensity of the ISe band and the mfERG response parameters (P1 amplitude and implicit time) within the three central hexagons along the horizontal axis were determined. RESULTS In normal participants, the relative intensity of the ISe band was significantly correlated with age (r = -0.634, P < 0.001) and also exhibited a topographic variation. On average, the relative intensity of the ISe band was significantly lower in patients with early AMD (1.77 ± 0.26) compared to control subjects (1.95 ± 0.27, P < 0.001) of a similar age range. The relative intensity of the ISe band was correlated significantly with the mfERG P1 implicit time (r = -0.745, P < 0.001), but not P1 amplitude (r = 0.144, P = 0.281). CONCLUSIONS The relative intensity of the ISe band reduced with age and further in early AMD. The relative intensity was significantly correlated with mfERG P1 implicit time.
Induction of early gene expression in murine macrophages by synthetic lipid A analogs with differing endotoxic potentials

Numerous lipid A analogs have been synthesized in an attempt to dissociate endotoxic activities from beneficial immunomodulatory activities. In the present study, we have evaluated select lipid A analogs in macrophages for their ability to induce a panel of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-inducible genes to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms which underlie endotoxicity. We evaluated three monosaccharide lipid A analogs: SDZ MRL 953, an agonist with an improved therapeutic margin over endotoxin; SDZ 281.288, a more toxic analog; and SDZ 880.431, an analog with proven LPS-inhibitory activity. In addition, three disaccharide lipid A analogs (i.e., lipid IVA, SDZ 880.611, and SDZ 880.924) that differ in acylation and phosphorylation patterns were also examined and compared with synthetic lipid A. With the exception of SDZ 880.431, each of these structurally diverse analogs was able to induce the complete panel of LPS-inducible genes, specifically genes which encode tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta, 75-kDa type 2 TNF receptor (D7), IP-10, D3, and D8. These results underscore that macrophage stimulation by lipid A analogs is permissive to considerable structural diversity. Structures with favorable therapeutic indices (SDZ MRL 953, SDZ 880.611, and SDZ 880.924) were not different from structures with poor therapeutic indices (lipid A, lipid IVA, and SDZ 281.288) with regard to gene induction. Nonetheless, the nontoxic SDZ MRL 953 was approximately 1,000-fold less potent than synthetic lipid A at inducing TNF-alpha secretion, and perhaps this contributes to the lack of toxicity exhibited by this compound. The ability of compound SDZ 880.431 to inhibit TNF-alpha secretion induced by both SDZ MRL 953 and smooth LPS suggests that the monosaccharide and smooth LPS share a receptor or a portion thereof. A pattern of protein tyrosine phosphorylation similar to that induced by LPS was stimulated by the monosaccharide SDZ MRL 953 and SDZ 281.288 and disaccharides lipid IVA, SDZ 880.924, and SDZ 880.611, providing evidence for a common signalling pathway.
The attitudes and practices of neonatal nurses in the use of kangaroo care.

OBJECTIVES To survey the attitudes and practices of Australian neonatal nurses in the use of kangaroo care (KC) and identify possible concerns with promoting KC in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). DESIGN A two-phase research approach was used that included a descriptive survey followed by in-depth interviews with a subset of survey respondents. SAMPLE Thirty four nurses working in the NICU of a large public hospital in Melbourne completed a survey questionnaire. Four respondents were subsequently selected for follow-up interview to explore in greater depth issues associated with promoting KC in the NICU. OUTCOME MEASURES Quantitative data were analysed to describe the attitudes, practices and role of the neonatal nurse in promoting KC. Analysis of qualitative responses to survey questions and interviews were coded and major themes identified. RESULTS All neonatal nurses surveyed assisted and encouraged parents to provide KC and the majority agreed on the benefits of KC for both infant and parents. There was a general acceptance that KC can be practiced with low birth weight infants requiring intubation and all but two nurses found facilitating KC professionally satisfying. Results also identified practical concerns with the practice of KC and some uncertainty that KC promotes breastfeeding. Notable constraints to promoting KC in the NICU were heavy staff workloads, insufficient education, lack of organisational support and the absence of clear protocols, especially for low birth weight infants. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms neonatal nurses strongly support the use of KC in the NICU. Although the majority of nurses reported positive attitudes and practices, they did identify a number of educational and practical concerns that need to be addressed to ensure KC with low birth weight infants is safe and effective.
Endorectal MRI after radiation therapy: Questioning the sextant analysis

To evaluate whether the information gained by three coregistration systems (sextant, hemi‐prostate, and whole gland) differs significantly, suggesting that one approach should be routinely favored over the others. Despite its known limitations, sextant is the generally accepted standard for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biopsy coregistration; nevertheless, depending on the magnitude of localization errors, other options may be adequate.