Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dual Diagnosis Patients First Admitted to a Psychiatric Ward for Acute Psychiatric Patients: 2-Year Period 2003–2004 versus 2013–2014

Dual diagnosis (DD) is the coexistence of severe mental illness (SMI) and substance use disorder (SUD). The increase of DD observed in recent years has important implications for mental health services organization. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and features of DD over a decade, comparing the periods 2003–2004 and 2013–2014. We performed a retrospective study retrieving sociodemographic and clinical data from the medical records of patients at their first admission to the Psychiatric Ward of University Hospital “Maggiore della Carita” in Novara, Italy. Patients with SMI and comorbid SUD (SMI-SUD) and patients with SMI without comorbidity (SMI) were compared in the two periods, 2003–2004 versus 2013–2014. SMI-SUD patients in both 2-year periods were more likely to be male, younger, unemployed, living with parents (or alone, for the 2013–2014 period) rather than with a family of their own, and single (or divorced, in 2003–2004). The 2003–2004 patients were more frequently diagnosed with a personality disorder, whereas the 2013– 2014 patients had mixed diagnoses. We have found differences in the possible predictors of substance abuse in the two periods as well: in both periods, male gender was associated with an increased risk of DD, whereas age >61 years was associated with decreased risk. Only in the first period (2003–2004) was having a university degree associated with a decreased risk of DD, whereas the diagnosis of a personal‐ ity disorder was associated with an increased risk of DD; on the contrary, in the second period (2013–2014), living in a protective environment was associated with a decreased risk of DD. The identification of changes in the prevalence of first admission DD patients and their clinical and sociodemographic features may help to highlight an evolving pattern of substance use and to identify possible risk factors that may be the target of prevention and treatment approaches. © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Redistribution of Medical Responsibility in the Network of the Hyper-Connected Self

The penetrating societal impact of information and communication technologies discussed in the Onlife Manifesto poses challenges and simultaneously opens new avenues in health care. In this chapter we investigate how phenomena such as hyper-accessibility and hyper-connectivity enable patients to establish a counter-expertise to traditional medical authority and to build up their own health knowledge, giving rise to new standards for diagnosis, normality, and pathology. The investigation is rooted in a qualitative study of online health communities and consumption of health-related online information in Denmark.
Emergence of restless legs syndrome during subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson disease

The authors systematically studied the emergence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) after subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson disease (PD). Postoperatively, 11 of 195 patients with STN DBS reported new problematic symptoms of RLS. The mean reduction in antiparkinsonian medication was 74%. The mean RLS score at diagnosis was 15 (±5.9) of a possible 24 points and after symptomatic drug therapy 4.3 (±3.1) points. Reduction of antiparkinsonian medication during STN DBS may unmask symptoms of RLS and complicate therapy of both RLS and PD.
Abstract Regular Model Checking ⋆

We propose abstract regular model checking as a new generic technique for veriﬁcation of parametric and inﬁnite-state systems. The technique combines the two approaches of regular model checking and veriﬁcation by abstraction. We propose a general framework of the method as well as several concrete ways of abstracting automata or transducers, which we use for modelling systems and encoding sets of their conﬁgurations as usual in regular model checking. The abstraction is based on collapsing states of automata (or transducers) and its precision is being incrementally adjusted by analysing spurious counterexamples. We illustrate the technique on veriﬁcation of a wide range of systems including a novel application of automata-based techniques to an example of systems with dynamic linked data structures.
A Distributed LT Code Design for Multiple-Access Relay Networks Subject to Erasures

This letter proposes a new distributed Luby transform (LT) code which is particularly suitable for the multiple-access relay network with erasure channels. We analyze the asymptotic performance of our distributed coding scheme by virtue of AND-OR tree analysis and present the simulation results of finite length comparing with existing methodologies. The proposed coding scheme is shown to be superior to conventional strategies in presence of both source-relay and relay-sink erasures.
Upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma: current treatment overview of minimally invasive approaches

Our search included the PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid and ScienceDirect databases for English language articles with the following headings: ‘upper urinary tract carcinoma’, ‘nephroureterectomy’, ‘laparoscopic’, ‘ureteroscopy’, ‘percutaneous’, and their combinations. The most recent papers were selected in an effort to clarify each method’s position in the current therapeutic options, assess advances in every minimally invasive treatment and their adherence to the well-established surgical and oncological principles. This was followed by a review of classical papers published on the subject. In recent articles, all abstracts and citations were checked, and important information retrieved.
Macroeconomic Implications of the Earned Income Tax Credit

Changes in the monthly pattern of Earned Income Tax Credit disbursements over the last two decades identify a large macroeconomic consumption response from EITC checks. This paper recovers a large and significant MPC out of EITC disbursements based on an array of macroeconomic data and econometric specifications. Point estimates of the contemporaneous consumption response average 0.7 and do not attribute a disproportionate share of consumption to durable goods. Results are consistent with other empirical findings that consumption is excessively sensitive to income, and they suggest that the EITC is a much more effective fiscal stimulus tool than broad-based tax refunds.
Demographics, comorbidities and outcomes in hospitalized Covid-19 patients in rural southwest Georgia

Abstract Background There is limited data on outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) in rural United States (US). This study aimed to describe the demographics, and outcomes of hospitalized Covid-19 patients in rural Southwest Georgia. Methods Using electronic medical records, we analyzed data from all hospitalized Covid-19 patients who either died or survived to discharge between 2 March 2020 and 6 May 2020. Results Of the 522 patients, 92 died in hospital (17.6%). Median age was 63 years, 58% were females, and 87% African-Americans. Hypertension (79.7%), obesity (66.5%) and diabetes mellitus (42.3%) were the most common comorbidities. Males had higher overall mortality compared to females (23 v 13.8%). Immunosuppression [odds ratio (OR) 3.6; (confidence interval (CI): 1.52–8.47, p=. 003)], hypertension (OR 3.36; CI:1.3–8.6, p=.01), age ≥65 years (OR 3.1; CI:1.7–5.6, p<.001) and morbid obesity (OR 2.29; CI:1.11–4.69, p=.02), were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Female gender was an independent predictor of decreased in-hospital mortality. Mortality in intubated patients was 67%. Mortality was 8.9% in <50 years, compared to 20% in ≥50 years. Conclusions Immunosuppression, hypertension, age ≥ 65 years and morbid obesity were independent predictors of mortality, whereas female gender was protective for mortality in hospitalized Covid-19 patients in rural Southwest Georgia. KEY MESSAGES Patients hospitalized with Covid-19 in rural US have higher comorbidity burden. Immunosuppression, hypertension, age ≥ 65 years and morbid obesity are independent predictors of increased mortality. Female gender is an independent predictor of reduced mortality.
The Impact of Working Capital Management on Firm Value: Evidence from a Frontier Market

Corporate finance literature and finance practitioners have the notion that the efficient working capital management (WCM) affects firm value. This study investigates the value effect of working capital management, using a sample of 44 listed companies on the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) over the period 2011-2015. The CSE is currently recognized as a high growth frontier market (FM) in the world. The efficiency of WCM is measured using the Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) and its components while firm value is measured by the Tobin Q ratio. The firm size, leverage and sales growth are used as the control variables. Using panel data regression methodology (the pooled OLS and fixed effects regressions), the study finds that CCC is inversely related to Tobin Q, suggesting that managers can create value for their shareholders by efficiently managing investment in working capital of their firms.
ANALISIS KESEDIAAN MEMBAYAR PENGUNJUNG TERHADAP PAKET WISATA PENDIDIKAN LINGKUNGAN DI TAMAN WISATA ALAM WIRA GARDEN KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG

Lampung is province in Indonesia which is trying to generate income through tourism sectors. One of them is Wira Garden Nature Park (TWA). Wira Garden is located in Bandar Lampung. Activities from tourist increasly effects increase garbage that impact on aesthetics and environmental quality in Wira Garden. So that, takes antourism program based on environmental education. That is able to educate visitors so visitors will participated in activities that aim to promote concern in environment, especially nature tourism. Focus of planning an tourism program based on environmental education is creating environmental education packages, by two activities are planting trees and deposit garbage (deposit refund). Manager of Wira Garden collaborate with BSCH (Bank Sampah Cangkir Hijau) to build garbage deposit program (deposit refund). Environmental education programs in Wira Garden is realized into three types options that are (Personal Green), (Garden Family) and (Jungle Community). Funding for this program is expected from income of (WTP) Willingness to Pay from visitors in Wira Garden.
Extraesophageal Reflux in Patients with Contact Granuloma: A Prospective Controlled Study

The aim of this study was to compare the incidences of extraesophageal reflux in patients with contact granuloma and healthy controls. A 24-hour ambulatory pH monitoring technique was used to measure reflux parameters in the pharynx and distal esophagus. Pharyngeal acid reflux events occurred in 17 of 26 granuloma patients (1 to 20 episodes per patient) and 5 of 19 controls (1 to 8 episodes per subject). The reflux episodes were typically short and occurred predominantly in an upright position. A comparison between the groups showed a significant difference in the number of pharyngeal reflux episodes (p = .009) and in the total time of pH below 4 (p = .006). On the other hand, we found no significant differences in any esophageal reflux parameters, except for the percentage of distal esophageal reflux episodes that reached the pharynx (p = .006). In this study, pharyngeal acid exposure was significantly more prevalent in patients with contact granuloma than in healthy controls.
Effect of Isoflurane and Other Potent Inhaled Anesthetics on Minimum Alveolar Concentration, Learning, and the Righting Reflex in Mice Engineered to Express α1 γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors Unresponsive to Isoflurane

Background:Enhancement of the function of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors containing the α1 subunit may underlie a portion of inhaled anesthetic action. To test this, the authors created gene knock-in mice harboring mutations that render the receptors insensitive to isoflurane while preserving sensitivity to halothane. Methods:The authors recorded miniature inhibitory synaptic currents in hippocampal neurons from hippocampal slices from knock-in and wild-type mice. They also determined the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), and the concentration at which 50% of animals lost their righting reflexes and which suppressed pavlovian fear conditioning to tone and context in both genotypes. Results:Miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents decayed more rapidly in interneurons and CA1 pyramidal cells from the knock-in mice compared with wild-type animals. Isoflurane (0.5–1 MAC) prolonged the decay phase of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in neurons of the wild-type mice, but this effect was significantly reduced in neurons from knock-in mice. Halothane (1 MAC) slowed the decay of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current in both genotypes. The homozygous knock-in mice were more resistant than wild-type controls to loss of righting reflexes induced by isoflurane and enflurane, but not to halothane. The MAC for isoflurane, desflurane, and halothane did not differ between knock-in and wild-type mice. The knock-in mice and wild-type mice did not differ in their sensitivity to isoflurane for fear conditioning. Conclusions:γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors containing the α1 subunit participate in the inhibition of the righting reflexes by isoflurane and enflurane. They are not, however, involved in the amnestic effect of isoflurane or immobilizing actions of inhaled agents.
Effectiveness of occupational therapy with frail community living older adults

This study examined the effectiveness of short-term, home-based occupational therapy guided by the Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model for improving activities of daily living [ADL] with eight frail, older adults living in assistive living. A multi-method research approach was utilized to collect both quantitative and descriptive, qualitative data in the form of a retrospective examination of the participants’ clinical records. The quantitative component was a within-subjects, repeated-measures analysis of participants’ Assessment of Motor and Process Skills [AMPS] ADL motor and ADL process ability measures that revealed statistically significant improvement in ADL motor, but not ADL process abilities. The qualitative component was a content analysis of the clinical records. ADL baselines, goals, interventions and outcomes documented were analyzed. Improvement was noted in 77% of the written ADL goals. Results are discussed and recommendations were given for future research and documentation to improve the profession's ability to support evidence-based practice.
Filtered Split-Path Nonlinear Integrator (F-SPANI) for improved transient performance

The recently introduced Split-Path Nonlinear Integrator (SPANI) is designed to improve the transient performance of linear (motion) systems in terms of overshoot. The SPANI was shown to be an effective nonlinear controller to improve transient performance by enforcing the same sign in the integrator action and the error. However, to avoid (fast) switching in the control input in steady-state, conservatism had to be introduced in the SPANI design, thereby limiting the performance. In this paper, this conservatism is removed by introducing a new design, called the Filtered Split-Path Nonlinear Integrator (F-SPANI). This design is based on the inclusion of an additional filter in the phase path, which enables the full potential behind the main idea of the SPANI. The ease of the design and implementation and the potential of the proposed controller are illustrated both in simulation and in experiments on a motion system.
Distinctive Modulation of Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell Mediated by Dopamine and Acetylcholine Receptors

Nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell shows unique dopamine (DA) signals in vivo and plays a unique role in DA-dependent behaviors such as reward-motivated learning and the response to drugs of abuse. A disynaptic mechanism for DA release was reported and shown to require synchronized firing of cholinergic interneurons (CINs) and activation of nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (nAChRs) in DA neuron (DAN) axons. The properties of this disynaptic mechanism of DA transmission are not well understood in the NAc shell. In this study, in vitro fast-scan cyclic voltammetry was used to examine the modulation of DA transmission evoked by CINs firing in the shell of mice and compared with other striatal regions. We found that DA signals in the shell displayed significant degree of summation in response to train stimulation of CINs, contrary to core and dorsal striatum. The summation was amplified by a D2-like receptor antagonist and experiments with mice with targeted deletion of D2 receptors to DANs or CINs revealed that D2 receptors in CINs mediate a fast inhibition observed within 100 ms of the first pulse, whereas D2 autoreceptors in DAN terminals are engaged in a slower inhibition that peaks at ∼500 ms. ACh also contributes to the use-dependent inhibition of DA release through muscarinic receptors only in the shell, where higher activity of acetylcholinesterase minimizes nAChR desensitization and promotes summation. These findings show that DA signals are modulated differentially by endogenous DA and ACh in the shell, which may underlie the unique features of shell DA signals in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The present study reports that dopamine (DA) release evoked by activation of cholinergic interneurons displays a high degree of summation in the shell and shows unique modulation by endogenous DA and acetylcholine. Desensitization of nicotinic receptors, which is a prevailing mechanism for use-dependent inhibition in the nucleus accumbens core and dorsal striatum, is also minimal in the shell in part due to elevated acetylcholinesterase activity. This distinctive modulation of DA transmission in the shell may have functional implications in the acquisition of reward-motivated behaviors and reward seeking.
Toll-Like Receptor 3 Mediates Establishment of an Antiviral State against Hepatitis C Virus in Hepatoma Cells

ABSTRACT Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) senses double-stranded RNA, initiating signaling that activates NF-κB and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), thereby inducing the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, type I interferons, and numerous interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). This pathway has not been extensively investigated in human hepatocytes, and its role in sensing and protecting against hepatitis virus infections is uncertain. We show here that primary human hepatocytes express TLR3 and robustly upregulate ISGs upon poly(I·C) stimulation. We also show that TLR3 senses hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection when expressed in permissive hepatoma cells, acting independently of retinoic acid-inducible gene I and inducing IRF-3 activation and the synthesis of ISGs that restrict virus replication. In turn, HCV infection reduces the abundance of TRIF, an essential TLR3 adaptor, and impairs poly(I·C)-induced signaling. The induction and disruption of TLR3 signaling by HCV may be important factors in determining the outcome of infection and the ability of HCV to establish persistent infections.
Differential brain-derived neurotrophic factor and transforming growth factor-beta expression in the rat cochlea following deafness

Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and transforming growth factor-&bgr; (TGF&bgr;) subtypes have demonstrated their importance in cochlear functions. The aim of this study was to determine gene and protein expression patterns of BDNF, TGF&bgr;1/2 and their main receptors trkB and TGF&bgr;R1/R2 in the auditory nerve and inferior colliculus of normal hearing and deafened rats by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Deafening was performed by cochlear injection of neomycin (10%). Significant gene expression changes were not found in the inferior colliculus after deafness; however, in the auditory nerve, BDNF, TGF&bgr;1 and TGF&bgr;R1 mRNA in particular were upregulated. Additionally, BDNF protein and the cytokines were found to be expressed in the auditory nerve after hair cell loss. These data indicate the importance of BDNF and TGF&bgr;1 as endogenous survival factors.
Humoral Immune Responses Inhibit the Antitumor Activities Mediated by Salmonella enterica Serovar choleraesuis

Salmonella is a powerful antitumor agent owing to its tumor-targeting potential, antitumor capability, and ability to deliver therapeutic genes. Host factors including innate and adaptive immune responses play roles in Salmonella-induced antitumor activity. An emerging realization from animal models that host immune system responses to Salmonella remains uncertain. Herein, we used naive mice and Salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis (S. choleraesuis) immunized mice to study the role of humoral immune response in the antitumor activity of S. choleraesuis. When the anti-Salmonella antibody existed, the invasion activity and gene transfer capability of S. choleraesuis were significantly decreased. Adaptive immune response inhibited S. choleraesuis to target the tumor sites in the immunized mice after systemic administration. Tumors in naive mice treated with S. choleraesuis were significantly smaller than those treated with the control vehicle. By contrast, the treatment of S. choleraesuis was not capable of delaying tumor growth and enhancing survival in experimental metastasis models in the immunized mice. Adoptive transfer of immunized serum and knockout mice experiments demonstrated that adaptive immune responses play important roles in the antitumor activity of S. choleraesuis. These findings provide the basis for future studies aiming to modulate the immune response during bacterial therapy.
Wide-field cosmic shear surveys

We present the current status of cosmic shear based on all surveys done so far. Taken together, they cover more about 70 deg2 and concern more than 3 million galaxies with accurate shape measurement. Theoretical expectations, observational results and their cosmological interpretations are discussed in the framework of standard cosmology and CDM scenarios. The potentials of the next generation cosmic shear surveys are discussed.
Using Odometry to Improve Swarm Robot Aggregation

Aggregation is a useful building block behaviour that can allow a swarm of robots to interact with each other or a user more easily. Previous work on swarm robot aggregation has assumed that the capabilities of individual robots are quite limited. We test whether incorporating odometry as an additional capability is helpful and make the argument that odometry is both realizable and biologically plausible. We propose an algorithm called ODOCLUST which takes inspiration from the BEECLUST algorithm but uses a continuously active odometry-based homing process to achieve more tightly packed robot aggregates more quickly than BEECLUST. Initial results in simulation suggest that high-fidelity odometry is not required in order to see these gains.