Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant effect of curry leaf ( Murraya koenigii ) powder on quality of ground and cooked goat meat

The antioxidant effect of curry leaf powder (CLP) was determined by assessing the formation of lipid peroxides, free fatty acids (FFA) and thiobarbituric acid substances (TBARS) in raw ground and cooked goat meat patties during refrigerated storage. pH, water holding capacity and cooking loss per cent were not affected by curry leaf powder when added in raw ground goat meat. Fresh goat meat with CLP had acceptable odour up to 5 days whereas in control sample it was up to 3 days. Raw goat meat with CLP had significantly lower free fatty acids content than control during 9 days refrigerated storage. CLP significantly inhibited the rate of lipid peroxides and TBARS formation in raw meat than control. CLP in cooked goat meat patties showed significant antioxidant effect as indicated by TBARS values measured by distillation as well as extraction method. CLP did not affect microbial population in raw and cooked goat meat during entire storage period. These results show that CLP at concentrations as low as 0.2% is a very effective inhibitor of primary and secondary oxidation products in raw ground and cooked goat meat patties and has potential as a natural antioxidant in raw and cooked meat systems.
Favorable outcome with doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy and radiotherapy for adult patients with early stage primary systemic anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma

The aim of this study was to analyze outcomes in adult patients with early stage systemic anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma (ALCL) treated with doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Forty‐six adult patients with early stage systemic ALCL received chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. All patients except two received chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) or a CHOP‐like regimen. Twenty patients had stage I disease, and 26 patients had stage II disease. The 5‐yr overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and local control rates for all patients were 84.4%, 63.6%, and 90.8%, respectively. The 5‐yr OS and PFS rates were 95.0% and 77.4% for Ann Arbor stage I disease, and 75.1% and 51.7% for stage II disease, respectively. Lymph node involvement was the main pattern of disease progression or relapse for these patients. Adult patients with early stage systemic ALCL treated with doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy and radiotherapy had a favorable prognosis.
ADHD in girls: clinical comparability of a research sample.

OBJECTIVE The investigation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in girls raises complex questions of referral bias and selection criteria. The authors sought to determine whether they could recruit a research sample of comparably affected girls using a combination of sex-independent diagnostic criteria and sex-normed cutoffs on teacher ratings. They also report on the largest placebo-controlled crossover comparison of methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine in girls with ADHD. METHOD Subjects were 42 girls with DSM-III-R/DSM-IV ADHD (combined type) contrasted to 56 previously studied boys with ADHD on comorbid diagnoses, behavioral ratings, psychological measures, psychiatric family history, and stimulant drug response. RESULTS Girls with ADHD were statistically indistinguishable from comparison boys on nearly all measures. Girls exhibited robust beneficial effects on both stimulants, with nearly all (95%) responding favorably to one or both drugs in this short-term trial. Dextroamphetamine produced significantly greater weight loss than methylphenidate. CONCLUSIONS This highly selected group of ADHD girls was strikingly comparable with comparison boys on a wide range of measures. The results confirm that girls with ADHD do not differ from boys in response to methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine and that both stimulants should be tried when response to the first is not optimal.
Excitation of atmospheric oscillations by volcanic eruptions

We investigated the mechanism of atmospheric oscillations with periods of about 300 s which were observed for the 1991 Pinatubo and the 1982 El Chichon eruptions. Two distinct spectral peaks, at T = 270 and 230 s for the Pinatubo eruption and at T = 195 and 266 s for the El Chichon eruptions, have been reported. We found similar oscillations for the 1980 Mount St. Helens and the 1883 Krakatoa eruptions. To explain these observations, we investigated excitation problems for two types of idealized sources, “mass injection” and “energy injection” sources, placed in an isothermal atmosphere. In general, two modes of oscillations, “acoustic” and “gravity” modes, can be excited. For realistic atmospheric parameters, the acoustic and gravity modes have a period of 275 and 304 s, respectively. For a realistic time history of eruption, atmospheric oscillations with an amplitude of 50 to 100 Pa (0.5 to 1 mbar) can be excited by an energy injection source with a total energy of 10^17 J. This result is consistent with the observations and provides a physical basis for interpretation of atmospheric oscillations excited by volcanic eruptions.
Causes and consequences of animal dispersal strategies: relating individual behaviour to spatial dynamics

Knowledge of the ecological and evolutionary causes of dispersal can be crucial in understanding the behaviour of spatially structured populations, and predicting how species respond to environmental change. Despite the focus of much theoretical research, simplistic assumptions regarding the dispersal process are still made. Dispersal is usually regarded as an unconditional process although in many cases fitness gains of dispersal are dependent on environmental factors and individual state. Condition‐dependent dispersal strategies will often be superior to unconditional, fixed strategies. In addition, dispersal is often collapsed into a single parameter, despite it being a process composed of three interdependent stages: emigration, inter‐patch movement and immigration, each of which may display different condition dependencies. Empirical studies have investigated correlates of these stages, emigration in particular, providing evidence for the prevalence of conditional dispersal strategies. Ill‐defined use of the term ‘dispersal’, for movement across many different spatial scales, further hinders making general conclusions and relating movement correlates to consequences at the population level. Logistical difficulties preclude a detailed study of dispersal for many species, however incorporating unrealistic dispersal assumptions in spatial population models may yield inaccurate and costly predictions. Further studies are necessary to explore the importance of incorporating specific condition‐dependent dispersal strategies for evolutionary and population dynamic predictions.
Algorithms and Tools for Verification and Testing of Asynchronous Programs

Software is becoming increasingly concurrent: parallelization, decentralization, and reactivity necessitate asynchronous programming in which processes communicate by posting messages/tasks to others’ message/task buffers. Asynchronous programming has been widely used to build fast servers and routers, embedded systems and sensor networks, and is the basis of Web programming using Javascript. Languages such as Erlang and Scala have adopted asynchronous programming as a fundamental concept with which highly scalable and highly reliable distributed systems are built. Asynchronous programs are challenging to implement correctly: the loose coupling between asynchronously executed tasks makes the control and data dependencies difficult to follow. Even subtle design and programming mistakes on the programs have the capability to introduce erroneous or divergent behaviors. As asynchronous programs are typically written to provide a reliable, high-performance infrastructure, there is a critical need for analysis techniques to guarantee their correctness. In this dissertation, I provide scalable verification and testing tools to make asyn- chronous programs more reliable. I show that the combination of counter abstraction and partial order reduction is an effective approach for the verification of asynchronous systems by presenting PROVKEEPER and KUAI, two scalable verifiers for two types of asynchronous systems. I also provide a theoretical result that proves a counter-abstraction based algorithm called expand-enlarge-check, is an asymptotically optimal algorithm for the coverability problem of branching vector addition systems as which many asynchronous programs can be modeled. In addition, I present BBS and LLSPLAT, two testing tools for asynchronous programs that efficiently uncover many subtle memory violation bugs.
Rapid report New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C 4 origins

• Grasses rank among the world’s most ecologically and economically important plants. Repeated evolution of the C4 syndrome has made photosynthesis highly efficient in many grasses, inspiring intensive efforts to engineer the pathway into C3 crops. However, comparative biology has been of limited use to this endeavor because of uncertainty in the number and phylogenetic placement of C4 origins. • We built the most comprehensive and robust molecular phylogeny for grasses to date, expanding sampling efforts of a previous working group from 62 to 531 taxa, emphasizing the C4-rich PACMAD (Panicoideae, Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Micrairoideae, Aristidoideae and Danthonioideae) clade. Our final matrix comprises c. 5700 bp and is > 93% complete. • For the first time, we present strong support for relationships among all the major grass lineages. Several new C4 lineages are identified, and previously inferred origins confirmed. C3/C4 evolutionary transitions have been highly asymmetrical, with 22–24 inferred origins of the C4 pathway and only one potential reversal. • Our backbone tree clarifies major outstanding systematic questions and highlights C3 and C4 sister taxa for comparative studies. Two lineages have emerged as hotbeds of C4 evolution. Future work in these lineages will be instrumental in understanding the evolution of this complex trait.
Multimodal Inhibition of Return Effects in Adults With and Without Down Syndrome

Data from a previous study (Welsh & Elliott, 2001) has been reanalyzed to explore inhibition of return (IOR) effects in adults with and without Down syndrome (DS). Participants were required to react and move with either the left or right hand as quickly as possible to 1 of 2 target locations based on either a visual or a verbal cue. Although persons with DS demonstrated a different pattern of information processing capabilities, they demonstrated the same magnitude of IOR across all conditions of presentation as their peers without DS. This pattern of results provides further support for the multimodal and response-based nature of IOR. Moreover, the results indicate that the inhibitory processes that underlie IOR in the average population seem to be functional in persons with DS.
Constant power control based self-oscillating electronic ballast

This paper presents the constant-power control circuit, which maintains the input power and lamp power of the self-oscillating ballast. Abilities of constant input power and lamp power are required for the self-oscillating ballast. The conventional self-oscillating electronic ballast is disadvantageous because the input power and lamp power vary according to the input voltage. This difference in lamp power causes poor quality of illumination for the lamp. In order to solve the problems of the self-oscillating electronic ballast, a constant-power control circuit is proposed to provide constant input power and lamp power. In this paper, a 38 W self-oscillating ballast with the constant-control circuit is implemented. The ability to provide constant levels of input power and lamp power is demonstrated in the experimental results to verify the performance of the proposed constant-power control circuit.
Heritabilities and correlations of lactation yields and fertility for Holsteins.

First lactations from a total of 5802 cows in the North Carolina Institutional Breeding project from 1950 to 1980 were used. Heritabilities from paternal half-sisters were . 05 for days open, . 05 for age at first calving, . 27 for lactation milk yield, and . 29 for fat yield. Corresponding estimates from regressions of cow on dam were . 13 for days open, . 06 for age at first calving, . 35 for milk yield, and . 33 for fat yield. Genetic correlations between yields and days open from various methods of estimation and editings of the data were all antagonistic and ranged from . 35 to . 60. Genetic correlations of yield and age at first calving were favorable, ranging from -. 10 to -. 36. Heritabilities for days open and genetic antagonism between days open and yield were greater for cows calving prior to the hot summer months than for cows calving in the fall. Heritabilities and variance of sires increased for days open and yield traits from the 1950's to 1980. For records from 1970 to 1980, heritability from paternal half-sisters of days open was . 12. Genetic increase of 1000 kg milk would result in 5 to 10 additional days open.
Infarct Volume on Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Maps Correlates with Length of Stay and Outcome after Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke

Background: Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) can depict acute ischemia based on decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. ADC maps, unlike DWI (which have contributions from T2 properties), solely reflect diffusion properties. Recent studies indicate that severity of neurological deficit corresponds with degree of ADC alteration. Purpose: To determine whether infarct volume on ADC maps correlates with length of hospitalization and clinical outcome in patients with acute ischemic middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke. Study Population: Forty-five consecutive patients with acute (≤72 h) MCA infarcts seen on DWI. Methods: Infarct volume was determined by counting pixels with ADC values >3 SDs below the average ADC value of a contralateral control region. Infarct volume was correlated with length of hospitalization and 6-month outcome assessed with Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), Modified Rankin Score (mRS), Barthel Index (BI) and a dichotomized outcome status with favorable outcome defined as GOS 1, mRS ≤1 and BI ≧95. Results: Infarct volume on ADC maps ranged from 0.2 to 187 cm3 and was significantly correlated with length of hospitalization (p < 0.001, r = 0.67). Furthermore, ADC infarct volume was significantly correlated with GOS (r = 0.73), mRS (r = 0.68), BI (r = 0.67) and outcome status (r = 0.65) (each p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression revealed a statistically significant correlation between ADC infarct volume and outcome status (p < 0.05), but none for Canadian Neurological Scale score, age and gender (p >0.05 each). Conclusion: Infarct volume measured by using a quantitative definition for infarcted tissue on ADC maps correlated significantly with length of hospitalization (as a possible surrogate marker for short-term outcome) and functional outcome after 6 months. ADC infarct volume may provide prognostic information for patients with acute ischemic MCA stroke.
Brief Report: Intestinal Microbiota-Produced Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Its Association With Coronary Stenosis and HIV Serostatus

Abstract:Recent evidence has shown a complex relationship between the gut microbiota, dietary nutrients, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) production, initiated by the microbiota, has been associated with CVD events. We sought to test if this association exists in HIV-infected persons. After adjusting for aspirin use and CVD risk factors, HIV-infected men were more likely to have coronary stenosis in the second and third TMAO quartiles compared with the first quartile, but did not differ significantly in the fourth quartile. We found an inverted U-shaped association between TMAO levels and the presence of coronary artery stenosis among HIV-infected men.
Political connections and tax-induced earnings management: evidence from China

We use the occasion of a change in tax policy that raised the tax rate for many of the listed companies in China to examine tax-induced earnings management (TEM) from the perspective of political connections. We find that when the tax rate increased, only those affected firms with politically connected management engaged in TEM. This suggests that, in addition to motivation for managing earnings, capability of influencing tax authorities is also an important determinant of TEM. We also find that TEM helped the firms with politically connected management to reduce their tax burden.
Context-Free Language Processing in Time n^3

Three problems in language processing are the recognition of strings that are sentences of a given language, the parsing of sentences according to a given grammar, and the syntax-directed translation of sentences in one language to those in another. Limiting our attention to context-free languages, we consider first the simplest of these problems--recognition. A procedure is given whereby for an arbitrary string of length n and a specification of a context-free grammar, the string is recognized as generated by that grammar or not; the time, i.e. number of steps, required by this algorithm is proportional to n3. For a linear or metalinear grammar, this procedure is simplified to yield recognition in time Kn2. The algorithm for recognition is then extended to procedures for parsing and syntax-directed translation.
The origin of representational drawing: a comparison of human children and chimpanzees.

To examine the evolutional origin of representational drawing, two experiments directly compared the drawing behavior of human children and chimpanzees. The first experiment observed free drawing after model presentation, using imitation task. From longitudinal observation of humans (N = 32, 11-31 months), the developmental process of drawing until the emergence of shape imitation was clarified. Adult chimpanzees showed the ability to trace a model, which was difficult for humans who had just started imitation. The second experiment, free drawing on incomplete facial stimuli, revealed the remarkable difference between two species. Humans (N = 57, 6-38 months) tend to complete the missing parts even with immature motor control, whereas chimpanzees never completed the missing parts and instead marked the existing parts or traced the outlines. Cognitive characteristics may affect the emergence of representational drawings.
CD4 T-Cell-Mediated Demyelination Is Increased in the Absence of Gamma Interferon in Mice Infected with Mouse Hepatitis Virus

ABSTRACT Mice infected with the murine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus, strain JHM (MHV) develop an immune-mediated demyelinating encephalomyelitis. Adoptive transfer of MHV-immune splenocytes depleted of either CD4 or CD8 T cells to infected mice deficient in recombination activation gene 1 resulted in demyelination. We showed previously that the process of CD8 T-cell-mediated demyelination was strongly dependent on the expression of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) by donor cells. In this report, we show, in contrast, that demyelination and lymphocyte infiltration were increased in recipients of IFN-γ−/− CD4 T cells when compared to levels in mice receiving C57BL/6 CD4 T cells.
Occupational injuries in workers from different ethnicities

Objectives: Occupational injuries remain an important unresolved issue in many of the developing and developed countries. We aimed to outline the causes, characteristics, measures and impact of occupational injuries among different ethnicities. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the literatures using PUBMED, MEDLINE, Google Scholar and EMBASE search engine using words: “Occupational injuries” and “workplace” between 1984 and 2014. Results: Incidence of fatal occupational injuries decreased over time in many countries. However, it increased in the migrant, foreign born and ethnic minority workers in certain high risk industries. Disproportionate representations of those groups in different industries resulted in wide range of fatality rates. Conclusions: Overrepresentation of migrant workers, foreign born and ethnic minorities in high risk and unskilled occupations warrants effective safety training programs and enforcement of laws to assure safe workplaces. The burden of occupational injuries at the individual and community levels urges the development and implementation of effective preventive programs.
Hospital Admissions Before an Alcohol-Related Death Among Middle-Aged Employed Men and Women: A Cohort Study Using Routine Data.

BACKGROUND Due to lack of appropriate longitudinal data, relatively little is known about how and when persons who ultimately die due to alcohol-related causes interact with hospitals during the years before death. Using routinely collected nationwide data, we aimed to establish the timing and causes of all hospitalizations during a 10-year period before an alcohol-related death. METHODS We traced back the timing and causes of all hospitalizations occurring during a 10-year period before death among men and women (n = 2,981) who were aged 35 and in employment at study entry, and who died from alcohol-related causes at ages 45 to 54 in 1997 to 2007. The study data consisted of 80% of all persons living in Finland who died during the study period. Those who died at ages 45 to 54 without alcohol involvement were used as a reference group. RESULTS Persons who ultimately died from alcohol-related causes had on average 7 (mean 7.4, SD 9.9) hospital admissions, and they spent on average 56 days (mean 56.2, SD 105.1) in hospital during the study period. By the fifth year before death (from the year -10 to year -5), about three-fifths of these persons had been hospitalized due to any cause at least once, but less than one-third had a hospital admission with an alcohol-related diagnosis. Those who died without alcohol involvement had an average 9 hospital admissions (mean 9.3, SD 11.2), and they spent on average 81 days (mean 81.2, SD 163.9) in hospital during the study period. CONCLUSIONS The majority of employed middle-aged persons who ultimately died due to alcohol-related causes interacted with hospitals frequently and already several years before death. Additional research is warranted to evaluate whether enhanced patient management at hospitals targeted to this population could potentially reduce alcohol-related harms.