Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the origin of degeneracy in the genetic code

The degeneracy of amino acid coding is one of the most crucial and enigmatic aspects of the genetic code. Different theories about the origin of the genetic code have been developed. However, to date, there is no comprehensive hypothesis on the mechanism that might have generated the degeneracy as we observe it. Here, we provide a new theory that explains the origin of the degeneracy based only on symmetry principles. The approach allows one to describe exactly the degeneracy of the early code (progenitor of the genetic code of LUCA, the last universal common ancestor) which is hypothesized to have the same degeneracy as the present vertebrate mitochondrial genetic code. The theory is based upon the tessera code, that fits as the progenitor of the early code. Moreover, we describe in detail the possible evolutionary transitions implied by our theory. The approach is supported by a unified mathematical framework that accounts for the degeneracy properties of both nuclear and mitochondrial genetic codes. Our work provides a new perspective to the understanding of the origin of the genetic code and the roles of symmetry principles in the organization of genetic information.
Control strategies of a tilt-rotor UAV for load transportation

Nessa dissertacao sao apresentadas estrategias de controle para solucionar o problema de transporte de carga suspensa ao longo de uma trajetoria desejada por um Veiculo Aereo Nao Tripulado (VANT) na configuracao Tilt-rotor. Para o presente estudo, e importante que a aeronave seja capaz de manter tanto a si mesma quanto a carga transportada estavel mesmo na presenca de perturbacoes externas, incertezas parametricas e erros de medicao. Em geral, e importante que se tenha um modelo dinâmico preciso do sistema para que se possa projetar estrategias de controle avancadas para o mesmo. Dessa forma, um modelo dinâmico para o VANT Tilt-rotor com carga suspensa e rigorosamente derivado usando a formulacao de Euler-Lagrange. Com o modelo obtido, e possivel entao projetar leis de controle que satisfacam as especificacoes desejadas. Para tanto, leis de controle lineares e nao lineares sao projetadas. Para projetar leis de controle lineares, lineariza-se o sistema em torno do seu ponto de operacao. Com o sistema linearizado, duas leis de controle sao projetadas: uma por D-estabilidade e outra que leva em consideracao D-estabilidade e a norma H simultaneamente. Ja para o projeto do sistema de controle nao linear, uma estrategia em cascata e proposta. Cada nivel do sistema em cascata executa uma lei de controle atraves do metodo de linearizacao por realimentacao de saida, sendo considerados tres niveis. Cada um desses niveis controla um grupo diferente de variaveis do sistema ate que a aeronave esteja estavel por completo. Para essa estrategia, dois controladores para seguimento de trajetoria sao especificados. O primeiro controlador considera a carga apenas como uma perturbacao e nao atua para impedi-la de balancar, preocupando-se apenas com o seguimento de trajetoria. O segundo controlador, por sua vez, busca encontrar um compromisso entre seguir a trajetoria e reduzir o balanco da carga. Por fim, como prova de conceito, a estrategia nao linear e modificada de forma a fazer com que a aeronave estabilize um pendulo invertido. Para os projetos de controle descritos, considera-se que todas as medicoes fisicas da aeronave sao precisamente conhecidas em todos instantes de tempo. Entretanto, ´r sabido que toda medicao fisica e sujeita a erros e imprecisoes e nem sempre e possivel obter alta frequencia de amostragem ao medir alguma variavel de processo. Portanto, parte desse trabalho e destinada ao estudo de incertezas em medicoes de posicao da aeronave em uma situacao na qual o controlador possua frequencia de amostragem superior a frequencia de amostragem do GPS. Diante desse problema, deve-se estimar a posicao da aeronave enquanto nao se tem novas medicoes levando em consideracao que existem entradas de perturbacao no sistema. Esse problema e solucionado usando o Filtro de Kalman com Entradas Desconhecidas.
Inter-strand resistance and AC loss in resin-filler impregnated ReBCO Roebel cables

In the frame of the EuCARD2 collaboration, aimed at developing the technology for 20 T class accelerator magnets, several demonstrator dipole magnets are being built using high critical current density and fully transposed ReBCO tape-based Roebel-type cables. In accelerator magnets the dynamic magnetic field quality is one of the key parameters, which is affected by the effective inter-strand resistances in the cables. For this reason, measurements of the inter-strand resistances on ReBCO Roebel cables were carried out at 4.2 and 77 K. Acquiring these data is also essential for input of cable simulation models. The cable samples are impregnated with epoxy resin to reduce the effect of transverse stress degradation due to Lorentz forces acting on the strands in the Roebel cables. The measured inter-strand resistance is used to estimate the AC coupling loss in different magnetic field orientations. Moreover, the contributions of diverse interface contact resistances to overall inter-strand resistance of Roebel cables were determined using a novel theoretical model. For validation, the AC loss of cables were examined in various orientations of applied field at 4.2 K. With three analytical models the hysteresis loss was calculated and compared to the measured data. The average inter-strand resistance of the cable samples impregnated with the unfilled epoxy CTD-101K range from 3 to 16 μΩ at 77 K and 1.5 to 9 μΩ at 4.2 K. Between the tapes the copper to copper interface resistance dominates the inter-strand resistance of impregnated Roebel cables. The calculated and measured AC loss for the CTD-101K impregnated Roebel cable lead to equivalent conclusions that the coupling loss is lower than the hysteresis loss within the range of the experiment. These observations substantially differ from earlier results extracted from a similar cable but impregnated with the alumina-filled epoxy resin CTD-101G, which showed considerable coupling loss when exposed to magnetic field parallel the wide face of the cable.
Computation and Experiment on Linearly and Circularly Polarized Electromagnetic Wave Backscattering by Corner Reflectors in an Anechoic Chamber

Electromagnetic wave backscattering by corner reflectors in an anechoic chamber is studied using our developed computational tool. The tool applies the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method to simulate the propagation of the wave’s electric and magnetic fields. Experimental measurement in an anechoic chamber is also carried out as a comparison. The two results show agreement, including the finding that the backscatter intensity variation amongst the four circularly polarized modes is significantly smaller than the variation amongst the four linearly polarization modes.
PCA REDUCED FOREST FOR LEARNING TO RANK SPOKEN TRANSCRIPTIONS

This paper discusses the problem of learning to rank specially for spoken transcriptions. The state-of-art approach for text/web documents is to apply machine learning techniques to learn a ranking model from labeled query-documents pairs with their features. One of the best state-of-art learning algorithms is the Random Forest, however it does not perform very well when features are dependent or are monotonic transformation of other features as this makes the trees of the forest less independent. We propose to use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to bags of features, in order to reduce them to simplify the model and have a surrogate score for each field's features producing more independent set of features for the Random Forest. Using this technique for a transcriptions dataset, 4.32% improvement in terms of Expected Reciprocal Rank (ERR@10) and 0.4% improvement in terms of Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG@10) for training data are achieved with very comparable results for the testing data. We emphasized the effectiveness of the technique by applying it to the larger and benchmarked web documents dataset; Microsoft LETOR. An improvement of 7.99% and 1.29% for test data are achieved for the two used metrics respectively.
Bridging Studies- A Key in the Extrapolation of Clinical Results between Regions

In pharmaceutical industry, the sponsors are interested in bringing their drug products from one region (e.g., the United States of America) to another region (e.g., Asian Pacific) to increase the exclusivity of the drug products in the marketplace. However, it is about the clinical results that can be extended from the victim patient population in one region to a similar, but different patient population in a new region due to a possible difference in ethnic factors. The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) suggested that a bridging study may be important to extrapolate the clinical results between regions. However, little or no information concerns the basis for determining whether a bridging study is necessary based on the assessment of the complete clinical data package provided by the ICH. Moreover no criteria on the evaluation of similarity of clinical results between regions is given. Keywords: International Conference on Harmonization, Bridging study, Clinical trails
PERANCANGAN BUSANA ZERO WASTE DENGAN TEKNIK DRAPING PATTERN MAKING PADA POLA KIMONO

According to Timo Rissanen, a designer who focuse s on zero-waste fashion, in his dissertation , every production process of clothing will generate 15% textile waste of the total fabric. The waste may damage the environment because fabric takes 20-50 years to decompose. There are several ways to reduce waste of clothing production , among others is by implementing zero-waste production concept which is divided into some techniques. First, pattern making technique that design s and places patterns effectively on fabric. Second, up-cycling technique that recycles waste. Thirdly, reconstruction that converts discarded materias into something new and useful. Based on Zero -w aste concept, in the present study the author will design nice pieces of kimono that can be mixed and match ed into several look s for different occasion s, such as casual, semi-formal dan formal event s. To minimize waste in the production process, the author implements zero-waste concept . The technique used is draping pattern making that designs a pattern directly on a mannequin. The main concept is to maximize sheet of fabric in making clothes and minimize the amount of production waste. Keywords : Zero Waste, Draping Pattern Making, Kimono, Mix and Match ___________________________________________________________________ Menurut Timo Rissanen, seorang desainer yang fokus dalam pembuatan konsep zero waste, dalam disertasinya, setiap proses produksi pakaian akan menghasilkan 15% limbah dari total bahan yang dipergunakan. Limbah tersebut dapat menjadi salah satu faktor yang dapat merusak lingkungan karena kain membutuhkan waktu 20-50 tahun untuk dekomposisi. Terdapat beberapa cara untuk mengurangi limbah produksi busana, salah satunya dengan konsep produksi zero waste yang terbagi kedalam beberapa teknik. Pertama, teknik pattern making yang merancang dan menempatkan pola pada kain secara efektif. Kedua, teknik up-cycling yang mendaur ulang sisa limbah. Ketiga, teknik reconstruction yang membuat sesuatu yang baru dari barang yang sudah tidak terpakai. Berdasarkan konsep Zero Waste tersebut, dalam penelitian kali ini penulis akan merancang sebuah koleksi busana kimono yang terdiri dari sembilan pieces yang dapat dipadu-padankan menjadi beberapa look dengan fungsi yang berbeda sehingga dapat dipergunakan dari acara casual, semi-formal hingga formal. Untuk meminimalisir limbah, penulis menerapkan konsep zero waste . Teknik yang digunakan adalah draping pattern making yang merancang pola di atas manekin secara langsung. Konsep utamanya yaitu memaksimalkan lembaran kain untuk menciptakan busana sehingga dapat meminimalisir jumlah limbah produksi. Kata Kunci : Zero Waste, Draping Pattern Making, Kimono, Mix and Match
Learning to Pay Attention on Spectral Domain: A Spectral Attention Module-Based Convolutional Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Over the past few years, hyperspectral image classification using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has progressed significantly. In spite of their effectiveness, given that hyperspectral images are of high dimensionality, CNNs can be hindered by their modeling of all spectral bands with the same weight, as probably not all bands are equally informative and predictive. Moreover, the usage of useless spectral bands in CNNs may even introduce noises and weaken the performance of networks. For the sake of boosting the representational capacity of CNNs for spectral-spatial hyperspectral data classification, in this work, we improve networks by discriminating the significance of different spectral bands. We design a network unit, which is termed as the spectral attention module, that makes use of a gating mechanism to adaptively recalibrate spectral bands by selectively emphasizing informative bands and suppressing less useful ones. We theoretically analyze and discuss why such a spectral attention module helps in a CNN for hyperspectral image classification. We demonstrate using extensive experiments that in comparison with state-of-the-art approaches, the spectral attention module-based convolutional networks are able to offer competitive results. Furthermore, this work sheds light on how a CNN interacts with spectral bands for the purpose of classification.
Age at first marriage and its determinants in Bangladesh.

The authors investigate marriage patterns and their determinants in Bangladesh using data from the 1989 Bangladesh Fertility Survey. "It is believed that whatever is the impact of the differentials that could be discerned from the analysis a lower age at marriage (a) among rural women (b) among those who are Muslims and (c) among those without pre-marital exposure to work is associated with a low level of education. " (EXCERPT)
Falls in old age: a threat to identity.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE This study aimed to understand older people's perceptions of their and other older peoples' falls risk, to increase understanding of why older people might not believe falls are relevant to themselves. BACKGROUND One-third of the people aged≥65 years (older people) fall yearly. Many older people do not participate in falls prevention programmes because they purport they are not personally vulnerable. DESIGN A qualitative study was conducted, guided by the tenets of grounded theory. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine community-dwelling older people living in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia. The interview explored participant's direct and indirect experience of falling, their perceived chance of falling in the next 12 months and that of others of the same age and sex to themselves and their reasons for this. RESULTS Participants carefully presented themselves as being 'not the type who fall', who they view negatively. They believed their or their friends past or future falls were (or could be) because of factors outside of their personal control or because they were not paying attention at that moment of falling, as opposed to being the type of person who falls. They used these explanations as strategies to maintain or protect their identity as being physically competent. CONCLUSIONS Older people know that falling can be viewed negatively. Falling is a threat to their identity as the type of person who does not fall. This explanation is consistent with self-presentation theory, where people use accounting strategies in social interaction to create a desired impression. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Falls prevention messages are likely to be rejected if the target group associate the message with a negative identity. These findings can assist nurses to understand older people's reluctance to engage in falls prevention and can stimulate thinking regarding alternative engagement strategies.
Modeling Climate Change Impacts on Rice Growth and Yield under Global Warming of 1.5 and 2.0 °C in the Pearl River Delta, China

In this study, the potential climate change impacts on rice growth and rice yield under 1.5 and 2.0 °C warming scenarios, respectively, are simulated using the Ceres-Rice Model based on high-quality, agricultural, experimental, meteorological and soil data, and the incorporation of future climate data generated by four Global Climate Models (GCMs) in the Pearl River Delta, China. The climatic data is extracted from four Global Climate Models (GCMs) namely: The Community Atmosphere Model 4 (CAM4), The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts-Hamburg 6 (ECHAM6), Model for Interdisciplinary Research On Climate 5 (MIROC5) and the Norwegian Earth System Model 1 (NorESM1). The modeling results show that climate change has major negative impacts on both rice growth and rice yields at all study sites. More specifically, the average of flowering durations decreases by 2.8 days (3.9 days), and the maturity date decreases by 11.0 days (14.7 days) under the 1.5 °C and (2.0 °C) warming scenarios, respectively. The yield for early mature rice and late mature rice are reduced by 292.5 kg/ha (558.9 kg/ha) and 151.8 kg/ha (380.0 kg/ha) under the 1.5 °C (2.0 °C) warming scenarios, respectively. Adjusting the planting dates of eight days later and 15 days earlier for early mature rice and late mature rice are simulated to be adaptively effective, respectively. The simulated optimum fertilizer amount is about 240 kg/ha, with different industrial fertilizer and organic matter being applied.
Scale interactions in turbulent rotating planar Couette flow: insight through the Reynolds stress transport

In turbulent planar Couette flow under anticyclonic spanwise system rotation, large-scale roll-cell structures arise due to a Coriolis-force-induced instability. The structures are superimposed on smaller-scale turbulence, and with increasing angular velocity ( $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}_{z}$ ) such roll cells dominate the flow field and small-scale turbulence is instead suppressed in a certain rotation number range $0<Ro\lesssim 0.1$ ( $Ro=2\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}_{z}h/U_{w}$ , where $h$ is the channel half-width, $U_{w}$ the wall velocity). At low rotation numbers around $Ro\approx 0.02$ both large-scale roll cells and smaller-scale turbulence coexist. In the present study, we investigate interaction between these structures through a scale-by-scale analysis of the Reynolds stress transport. We show that at low rotation numbers $Ro\approx 0.01$ the turbulence productions by the mean flow gradient and the Coriolis force occur at different scales and thereby the turbulent energy distribution over a wide range of scales is maintained. On the other hand at higher rotation numbers $Ro\gtrsim 0.05$ , a zero-absolute-vorticity state is established and production of small scales from the mean shear disappears although large-scale turbulence production is maintained through the Coriolis force. At high enough Reynolds numbers, where scale separation between the near-wall structures and the roll cells is relatively distinct, transition between these different $Ro$ regimes is found to occur rather abruptly around $Ro\approx 0.02$ , resulting in a non-monotonic behaviour of the wall shear stress as a function of $Ro$ . It is also shown that at such an intermediate rotation number the roll cells interact with smaller scales by moving near-wall structures towards the core region of the channel, by which the Reynolds stress is transported from relatively small scales near the wall towards larger scales in the channel centre. Such Reynolds stress transport by scale interaction becomes increasingly significant as the Reynolds number increases, and results in a reversed mean velocity gradient at the channel centre at high enough Reynolds numbers.
A z = 0 Multiwavelength Galaxy Synthesis. I. A WISE and GALEX Atlas of Local Galaxies

We present an atlas of ultraviolet and infrared images of ∼15,750 local (d ≲ 50 Mpc) galaxies, as observed by NASA’s Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) missions. These maps have matched resolution (FWHM 7.″5 and 15″), matched astrometry, and a common procedure for background removal. We demonstrate that they agree well with resolved intensity measurements and integrated photometry from previous surveys. This atlas represents the first part of a program (the z = 0 Multiwavelength Galaxy Synthesis) to create a large, uniform database of resolved measurements of gas and dust in nearby galaxies. The images and associated catalogs will be publicly available at the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive. This atlas allows us estimate local and integrated star formation rates (SFRs) and stellar masses (M⋆) across the local galaxy population in a uniform way. In the appendix, we use the population synthesis fits of Salim et al. to calibrate integrated M⋆ and SFR estimators based on GALEX and WISE. Because they leverage a Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-based training set of >100,000 galaxies, these calibrations have high precision and allow us to rigorously compare local galaxies to SDSS results. We provide these SFR and M⋆ estimates for all galaxies in our sample and show that our results yield a “main sequence” of star-forming galaxies comparable to previous work. We also show the distribution of intensities from resolved galaxies in NUV-to-WISE1 versus WISE1-to-WISE3 space, which captures much of the key physics accessed by these bands.
Evaluation of the influence of physical and chemical parameters on water radiolysis simulations under MeV electron irradiation using Geant4-DNA

This paper presents the influence of electron elastic scattering models, electron thermalization models, and chemical parameters on Geant4-DNA simulations of liquid water radiolysis under mega-electron-volt electron irradiation. The radiochemical yields are simulated using a new Geant4-DNA example. In particular, the influence of the new elastic scattering model recently developed is presented as well as the influence of improved electron thermalization models. The influence of a new chemistry constructor using parameters of another Monte Carlo track structure code is also described. The results calculated using these different models are compared with each other and with experimental data. For sub-mega-electron-volt electron simulations, the combination of the “G4EmDNAPhysics_option2” physics constructor with the recently developed elastic scattering model, the Meesungnoen electron thermalization model, and the “G4EmDNAChemistry_option1” chemistry constructor is recommended.This paper presents the influence of electron elastic scattering models, electron thermalization models, and chemical parameters on Geant4-DNA simulations of liquid water radiolysis under mega-electron-volt electron irradiation. The radiochemical yields are simulated using a new Geant4-DNA example. In particular, the influence of the new elastic scattering model recently developed is presented as well as the influence of improved electron thermalization models. The influence of a new chemistry constructor using parameters of another Monte Carlo track structure code is also described. The results calculated using these different models are compared with each other and with experimental data. For sub-mega-electron-volt electron simulations, the combination of the “G4EmDNAPhysics_option2” physics constructor with the recently developed elastic scattering model, the Meesungnoen electron thermalization model, and the “G4EmDNAChemistry_option1” chemistry constructor is recommended.