Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal dosing with risperidone: updated recommendations.

BACKGROUND Drug dosages utilized during controlled clinical trials are not always optimal for patients encountered in day-to-day practice. The original trials of risperidone, a novel antipsychotic, suggested that an initial target dose of 6 mg/day was appropriate, but these trials were necessarily conducted among patients who were chronically impaired, hospitalized, and often partly drug resistant. DATA SOURCES Relevant data relating to the dosage of risperidone identified through an online (MEDLINE) search using the keywords risperidone, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder dementia, bipolar disorder, and dose were supplemented by a review of international and U.S. Congress abstracts in which the dose of risperidone was specifically described. CONCLUSION On the basis of naturalistic studies, clinical audit, phase 4 trials, positron emission tomography data, and 5 years of clinical experience, the currently recommended target dose of risperidone is 4 mg/day for most patients, with less-rapid titration than previously recommended. Moreover, a lower dose than this and slower titration may be appropriate for elderly patients, young patients, and first-episode patients.
The use of trait labels in making psychological inferences.

Three studies investigated children's capacity to use trait labels as tools for making inferences about mental states. For example, knowledge that a story character is "nice" as opposed to "mean" could lead to predictions that the character would respond with greater negative affect upon discovering that his or her action had made someone upset. Study 1 (N = 48) examined whether participants (kindergartners, second graders, fifth graders, and adults) would make different psychological inferences based on whether a character was labeled as "nice" versus "mean. " Study 2 (N = 30) examined the same issue with 4-year-olds using a simpler methodology. Study 3 (N = 30) extended the results of Study 2, by examining whether describing characters as "shy" versus "not shy" would lead 4-year-olds to make different mental state inferences. Taken together, these findings suggest that even for young children, trait labels can serve as a basis for making nonobvious inferences. Developmental differences are discussed.
How does scarcity uniquely inform the financial motives and outcomes of middle-class, non-retired households?

The 2016 Survey of Consumer Finances was used to investigate the impact of scarcity on the savings motives and debt of middle-class, non-retired households. This project adds to financial planning literature by incorporating previously unobserved variables, financial and time scarcity, in financial decision-making. Its use of the scarcity lens has also provided new insights for serving the middle-class with financial planning. Middle-class household decision-making was impacted by financial and time scarcity. Objective financial scarcity was related to increased odds of saving for basic needs and negatively related to saving for retirement. Objective financial scarcity was negatively associated with household debt, which can be attributed to credit constraints lenders want. Subjective financial scarcity was negatively associated with saving for retirement and at the same time positively associated with saving for esteem or luxury. Objective time scarcity was positively related to higher levels of household debt. Subjective time scarcity had a significant but mixed relationship with household debt. Financial planners and financial counselors working with the middle-class should consider the impact of scarcity for managing debt and shaping goals that will influence saving for retirement. How does scarcity uniquely inform the financial motives and outcomes of middle-class, non-retired households? by
The social influence factor: Impact of online product review characteristics on consumer purchasing decisions

Consumers no longer base their purchasing decisions only on advertisements or professional advices but instead primarily rely on online consumer opinions in the form of reviews as future consumers search for reviews across various online consumer review platforms. The various review platforms differ in their function characteristics; hence reviews are displayed differently across platforms. No literature until this point has further analyzed review function characteristics and viewed those as a moderating variable of reviews and consumer purchasing decisions. The impact of online consumer reviews on consumer purchasing decisions was validated and is of high importance for a company’s profitability. Monitoring and quick responding to high numbers of reviews which one single product can attract in a short time on various platforms are challenging for companies but essential for reputation management and product sales. Therefore, to do so effectively, companies need to understand consumer reviews platforms and its review content. The research challenge therefore entails review function characteristics and its impact on consumer purchasing decisions. The research identifies four main categories of review online platforms which are retail websites, independent reviewing platforms, video-sharing platforms and personal blogs. All of them display reviews in different formats with various review function characteristics. An online survey, conducted by the author, with a population of 211 respondents, analyzed consumer opinions about the diverse platforms and review mechanisms and the impact of those on consumer buying behavior. The results show an impact of credibility and usability characteristics on consumer reliance in reviews. Finally, it can be concluded that consumers make use of various platforms and are thereby influenced in their purchasing decision through credibility and usability review function characteristics.
Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass and hemofiltration on plasma cytokines and protein leakage in pigs.

BACKGROUND The hypothesis that an inflammatory process during and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) impairs hemodynamics and causes increased capillary protein leakage and that this is possibly ameliorated by hemofiltration (HF) was tested. METHOD 26 anesthetized pigs were subjected to 120 min CPB (90 min cardioplegia followed by 30 min reperfusion, combined with conventional and modified HF in 13 animals). Hemodynamics, leukocytes, cytokines (IL-1ra, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha), LNPI, plasma protein, and the half-life of i.v. injected Evans Blue (t/2) were assessed before and after CPB. RESULTS CPB was followed by depression of left ventricular function and activation of inflammatory mediators. Although a slight elimination of some inflammatory mediators occurred, HF did neither improve cardiac function nor reduce the inflammatory process. Plasma protein was lost during CPB and hemofiltration by protein trapping to the surfaces of the CPB system, by filtration across the hemofilter, and by increased microvascular filtration (solvent drag). The latter was probably due to an increased filtration pressure in consequence of the reduction of plasma colloid osmotic pressure by the crystalloid primed CPB. t/2 did not indicate an increased microvascular protein leakage after CPB. CONCLUSION Hemofiltration is ineffective in improving cardiac function or reducing the inflammatory response of CPB in the pig model.
How Job Crafting Enhance Work Engagement? - Effects of Role Ambiguity and ICT Presenteeism -

사회가 급속히 변화하면서 종업원들의 자발적인 업무 수행이 중요한 이슈로 대두되었다. 이에 종업원들은 Job Crafting 전략을 이용하여 그들의 업무 자체의 범위나 방법 (Task Crafting), 업무에 대한 인식 (Cognitive Crafting), 그리고 직장 동료들과의 관계 (Relational Crafting) 등을 자신의 능력과 환경에 맞도록 자발적으로 변화시켜 업무의 효율성 증진을 꾀하고 있다. 이와 같은 Job Crafting의 중요성을 강조하기 위하여 기존의 연구에서는 종업원들의 Job Crafting 행동으로부터 얻을 수 있는 성과를 발견하고 검증하는 데에 많은 노력을 기울이고 있고, 가장 널리 알려진 성과는 종업원들의 업무 몰입도일 것이다. 그러나 종업원들의 Job Crafting 활동이 어떤 과정을 거쳐서 그들의 업무 몰입도에 영향을 미치는지를 실증적으로 탐색한 논문은 매우 드물다. 이에 본 연구에서는 이 과정에서 어떤 환경 변수들이 영향을 미치는지를 탐색하여 보았다. 과거에 비하여 현재의 업무환경의 가장 큰 변화는 업무가 매우 복잡해졌다는 점과 업무에 있어서 정보통신기술 (ICT)의 활용이 보편화되었다는 점이다. 본 연구에서는 두 가지의 현재 업무 환경의 특징들 (업무가 복잡화되면서 발생한 개인의 역할모호성과 ICT의 활용으로 인한 지속적인 커뮤니케이션)이 Job Crafting이 업무 몰입도에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 어떤 작용을 하는지를 실증적으로 탐색하여 보았다. 연구 결과, 역할 모호성은 Cognitive Crafting과 Relational Crafting이 업무 몰입에 미치는 긍정적인 영향을 매개하는 것으로 조사되었고, ICT 활용으로 인한 지속적인 커뮤니케이션 정도는 Cognitive Crafting가 업무 모호성에 미치는 부정적인 영향을 조절하는 것으로 조사되었다.
The Curse of Knowledge: Having Access to Customer Information Can Reduce Monopoly Profits

We demonstrate the "curse of knowledge" when a monopolist can recognize different consumer groups through their purchase histories, which are influenced by the firm's dynamic pricing policies. Under the Markov-perfect equilibrium, after each commitment period, the firm offers a new introductory price so as to attract new customers. More and more market segments are added gradually. Eventually, the whole market is covered. Shortening the commitment period will result in a fall in profit. In contrast, a full-commitment monopolist prefers to stick to uniform pricing, achieving higher profit. Hence, the firm is better off by refraining from collecting customer information.
SCHIZOPHRENIA - ELECTROLYTE PROFILE & THE EFFECT OF TREATMENT

Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disorder and various hypotheses have been put forward to explain its aetiopathogenesis. Recently, much of the efforts have been made to explain the nature of the illness on the basis of biochemical studies. Several workers (Gjessing 1938, Katzenebogen et al 1943, Coopen 1965, Yassa et al 1979) have studied serum electrolytes in Schizophrenia but with equivocal results. This has inspired us to take up the present study.
Treatments Addressing Pain-Related Fear and Anxiety in Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Preliminary Review

Abstract This review covers the current cognitive behavioural treatments available to address fear-avoidance beliefs in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). Four types of treatment protocols were identified for inclusion in the review: (a) graded in vivo exposure (GivE); (b) graded activity (GA); (c) acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT); and (d) mixed cognitive behavioural protocols. Most of the research suggests that GivE and ACT result in the best outcomes for treating fear-avoidance beliefs in patients with CMP. There is also a readily apparent paucity of research from North America; indeed, most of the available studies were conducted in the Netherlands and Scandinavia. This relative absence of North American research raises potentially important questions about the role of compensation status and access to care, which differ between countries, on treatment outcome. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Novel Genomic Approach to the Arrhytmogenic Sudden Cardiac Death

Unfortunately, most of the common diseases in cardiology do not show traditional Mendelian genetics, they usually are complex genetic diseases resulting from the combination of multiple heritable and environmental factors. However, one of the cardiology dysfunction that can affect apparently healthy young adults or with any previous heart disease, such as sudden cardiac death (SCD), could be the first symptom of a Mendelian disease such as cardiomyopathies or channelopathies. In many of the SCD cases, especially in case of young people, the cause of death cannot be explained neither after autopsy nor after laboratory tests. Inherited heart diseases such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and primary electrical diseases such as long QT syndrome (LQTS), Brugada syndrome (BrS) or catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), are the main cause of death in young adults with no previous clinical history. Most often these inherited cardiac disorders give rise to lethal ventricular arrhythmias and show an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Genetic screening of the genes described as implicated in the different pathologies may help to determine the cause of death and to evaluate the potential risk of the relatives. Today we know which are the main causes of sudden cardiac death in young adults and we also know which are the genes responsible of these diseases in a high percentage of cases. The aim of this article is to present to the reader the estate of the art of the use of the new next generation sequencing technologies for the study of arrhythmogenic sudden cardiac deaths. We will discuss the different available technologies, and the different applications: Candidate gene resequencing. We will describe the interesting genes to be studied and the different strategies available for their enrichment and sequencing Whole exome resequencing. We will describe the application of this approach to those cases were we need to look for new genes.
Some alterations in the pattern of drug metabolism aociated with pegnancy, oral contraceptives, and the newly-born.

Studies of the pattern of urinary excretion of pethidine and promazine, and of a selection of their primary metabolites, suggest that metabolism of these agents is rendered somewhat deficient during pregnancy, during the neonatal period and under the influence of certain oral contraceptive agents. Some general conclusions have been drawn from these observations. Increased caution in the administration of drugs to patients known to be taking oral contraceptives is recommended.
Should We Treat Children with Idiopathic Short Stature?

The use of growth hormone (GH) to treat short children who are clearly GH-deficient is now well accepted. However, GH treatment of short children who have no currently recognizable abnormalities in their GH-insulin-like growth factor I axis remains controversial. Whether such children with so-called idiopathic short stature (ISS) should be treated with GH was the subject of an international workshop held in St.-Paul-de-Vence, France, in April 1999. This article summarizes the issues discussed at the workshop, including the definition of ISS, ethical and health-economic aspects of treatment, results from clinical trials and surveillance studies, and the use of prediction models in aiding treatment decisions.
Surgical and anesthetic considerations for the endovascular treatment of ruptured descending thoracic aortic aneurysms

Purpose of review Ruptured descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (rDTAA) is a life-threatening disease. In the last decade, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has evolved as a viable option and is now considered the preferred treatment for rDTAAs. New opportunities as well as new challenges are faced by both the surgeon and the anesthesiologist. This review describes the impact of current developments and new modalities for the surgical and anesthetic management of rDTAAs. Recent findings A collaborative approach between the anesthesiologist and surgeon during critical moments such as induction, moment of aortic occlusion and placement of the aortic stent-graft is mandatory. Important issues to consider on preoperative imaging evaluation are correct sizing of the aortic stent-graft and localization of the artery of Adamkiewicz. Emergency TEVAR should preferentially be started under local anesthesia and could be switched to general anesthesia after stent placement. Patients should be kept in permissive hypotension preoperatively and during the intervention before stent-graft deployment and relative hypertension after deployment. The use of a proactive spinal cord protection protocol could decrease the risk of spinal cord ischemia and/or paraplegia and consists of permissive hypertension after stent deployment, cerebrospinal fluid drainage to maintain adequate spinal cord perfusion, relative hypothermia and possibly use of mannitol. Summary In order to improve outcomes of TEVAR for rDTAA, a close communication between the anesthesiologist and the surgeon and a thorough understanding of the events during the procedure is mandatory. The use of a proactive spinal cord protection protocol may decrease the rates of devastating spinal cord ischemia.
Variação genética e seleção para características de crescimento em teste de progênies de Mimosa scabrella var. aspericarpa.

Estimativas de parâmetros geneticos foram obtidas para progenies de meiosirmaos de Mimosa scabrella var. aspericarpa, oriundas de talhoes comerciais de duas localidades do Estado do Parana: Bocaiuva do Sul e Campo Largo. O material genetico foi instalado em Colombo-PR, no delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repeticoes e dez plantas por parcela. O experimento foi avaliado aos tres anos de idade. As estimativas de herdabilidade mostraram um razoavel controle genetico para as caracteristicas de crescimento, indicando boas possibilidades de selecao nesse material. Os progressos geneticos foram estimados por meio de tres metodos de selecao, ao nivel de bloco: a) selecao individual; b) selecao combinada e c) indice multi-efeitos. Os ganhos geneticos previstos para o volume cilindrico das arvores, obtidos por selecao atraves do DAP, foram superiores a 52% para a populacao de Bocaiuva do Sul e superiores a 35% para a populacao de Campo Largo, independente do metodo utilizado. O ganho genetico adicional previsto por meio do metodo do indice multi-efeitos foi de pequena magnitude, em termos percentuais, em relacao aqueles obtidos por selecao individual e selecao combinada. Contudo, o metodo do indice multi-efeitos deve ser utilizado por propiciar maior acuracia e nao implicar em custos adicionais ao processo seletivo. Alem disso, pequenos ganhos podem ser significativos considerando-se que, normalmente, os reflorestamentos abrangem grandes areas.
Metabolic Disorders in Chronic Lung Diseases

Chronic lung diseases represent complex diseases with gradually increasing incidence, characterized by significant medical and financial burden for both patients and relatives. Their increasing incidence and complexity render a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, and personalized approach critically important. This approach includes the assessment of comorbid conditions including metabolic dysfunctions. Several lines of evidence show that metabolic comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency, and thyroid dysfunction have a significant impact on symptoms, quality of life, management, economic burden, and disease mortality. Most recently, novel pathogenetic pathways and potential therapeutic targets have been identified through large-scale studies of metabolites, called metabolomics. This review article aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on the prevalence of metabolic comorbidities in chronic lung diseases, highlight their impact on disease clinical course, delineate mechanistic links, and report future perspectives on the role of metabolites as disease modifiers and therapeutic targets.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Empirical Likelihood Analysis for the Heteroscedastic Accelerated Failure Time Model

two dierent formulations of empirical likelihood that correspond to these models. In this manuscript, we revisit this distinction for the accelerated failure time model under random right censoring. We identify two dierent empirical likelihood formulations under random right censoring, case-wise and residual-wise, each reecting the relevant features of the stochastic model assumed to have generated the data. We specically propose the case-wise empirical likelihood as a computationally simple inference method for the accelerated failure time model with heteroscedastic errors. A nonparametric version of Wilks’ theorem is shown to hold for the resulting likelihood ratio. The results are also applicable to censored quantile regression, illustrated in an example.
Integrating kinetic models for simulating tumor growth in Monte Carlo simulation of ECT systems

We have developed an integrated framework for linking tumor growth models directly into a Monte Carlo simulation algorithm for PET and SPECT systems. Tumors are approximated by arbitrarily complex analytically defined five-dimensional (x,y,z,t/sub geometry/,t/sub activity/) compartments which can be placed into tomographic or mathematical phantoms. Various models for tumor growth have been developed or are implemented such as sigmoidal growth according to the Gompertz equation or compartment models for heterogeneous metastatic tumors, as well as model extensions that account for various therapy strategies. With this approach, Monte Carlo simulation studies can be performed repetitively in static or dynamic acquisition mode at any given time of projected tumor growth. This novel simulation technique provides the basis for deriving allometric relationships between growth rate and tumor representation in a sequence of simulated tomographic images.
Tunable Field Control Over the Binding Energy of Single Dopants by a Charged Vacancy in GaAs

Tuning Semiconductor Dopants Dopants in semiconductors can alter their conductivity or introduce spin centers that alter their magnetic properties. Generally, the charge state of a dopant and field it creates are fixed. Lee and Gupta (p. 1807, published online 9 December) studied Mn dopants in GaAs with a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Using the STM to position As vacancies at different distances from the Mn dopants revealed that the As vacancy tuned the local electrostatic field of the dopant. The electrostatic field of manganese atoms in gallium arsenide depends on its distance from a nearby arsenic vacancy site. Local manipulation of electric fields at the atomic scale may enable new methods for quantum transport and creates new opportunities for field control of ferromagnetism and spin-based quantum information processing in semiconductors. We used a scanning tunneling microscope to position charged arsenic (As) vacancies in the gallium arsenide 110 [GaAs(110)] surface with atomic precision, thereby tuning the local electrostatic field experienced by single manganese (Mn) acceptors. The effects of this field are quantified by measuring the shift of an acceptor state within the band gap of GaAs. Experiments with varying tip-induced band-bending conditions suggest a large binding energy for surface-layer Mn, which is reduced by direct Coulomb repulsion when the As vacancy is moved nearby.
Complex permittivity of human skin in vivo in the frequency band 26.5-60 GHz

With the increasing use of millimeter-wave radiation in communications and radar, it is necessary to know the dielectric properties of various tissues for the evaluation of potential hazards to humans. At millimeter-wave frequencies, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is mostly restricted to the skin because of the submillimeter depths of penetration. So, knowledge of the dielectric properties of human skin in vivo is of prime importance for quantifying the hazardous effects of millimeter-wave radiation. In the past, the dielectric properties of excised human skin tissue have been measured below 30 GHz. Also, the dielectric properties of human skin in vivo have been reported in the 100 MHz-2 GHz frequency range by many researchers. Hay-Shipton et al. (1982) have reported complex permittivities of human skin (palm) in vivo in the 8-18 GHz range. In this paper, we report the complex permittivity data for human skin (palm) in vivo in the frequency range 28-57 GHz.