Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental Mucin Gene Expression in the Gastroduodenal Tract and Accessory Digestive Glands. II. Duodenum and Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas

Studies were undertaken to provide information regarding cell-specific expression of mucin genes and their relation to developmental and neoplastic patterns of epithelial cytodifferentiation. In situ hybridization was used to study mRNA expression of mucin genes in duodenum and accessory digestive glands (liver, gallbladder, pancreas) of 13 human embryos and fetuses (6.5–27 weeks' gestation), comparing these with normal and neoplastic adult tissues. These investigations demonstrated that the pattern of mucin gene expression in fetal duodenum reiterated the patterns we observed during gastric and intestinal ontogenesis, with MUC2 and MUC3 expression in the surface epithelium and MUC6 expression associated with the development of Brünner's glands. In embryonic liver, MUC3 was already expressed at 6.5 weeks of gestation in hepatoblasts. As in adults, MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC6 were expressed in fetal gallbladder, whereas MUC4 was not. In contrast, MUC4 was strongly expressed in gallbladder adenocarcinomas. MUC5B and MUC6 were expressed in fetal pancreas, from 12 weeks and 26 weeks of gestation, respectively. Surprisingly, MUC3 which is strongly expressed in adult pancreas, was not detected in developmental pancreas. Taken together, these data show complex spatio–temporal regulation of the mucin genes and suggest a possible regulatory role for mucin gene products in gastroduodenal epithelial cell differentiation.
IMC capability: antecedents and implications for brand performance

Purpose Drawing on the resource-based view, this paper aims to investigate how a firm’s integrated marketing communication (IMC) as a capability is influenced by the organisational antecedents of learning orientation (LO), market orientation (MO) and brand orientation (BO). Further, the research examines how an IMC capability influences brand performance and whether these relationships are influenced by brand size. Design/methodology/approach Based on survey data from 187 managers responsible for brand communications, this paper applies structural equation modelling using SmartPLS3 to assess hypothesised relationships. Findings IMC capability is directly influenced by BO but not by MO and LO; these have important indirect effects. Size does not moderate key relationships but directly affects IMC capability. Research limitations/implications Organisational antecedents play an important role in shaping IMC capability and ultimately brand performance. Future researchers should consider a larger sample of brands and firms, IMC capability building in small firms and longitudinal design to evaluate the effects of IMC capability. Practical implications BO is nested in and complementary to learning and MO, and thus cannot stand alone. Developing an IMC capability is critical for translating the benefits of organisational orientations into performance outcomes. IMC capability links MO and BO to firm performance. Appropriate resourcing is critical for success, as it has implications for developing other resources and capabilities. Originality/value This study empirically establishes for the first time a relationship between critical organisational antecedents of LO, MO and BO, their influence on IMC capability and subsequently on brand performance.
The human sex ratio. Part 1: A review of the literature.

This is the first part of a scheduled two-part study on the human sex ratio. The objectives of the study are "first to summarize much that is known about the variation of the human sex ratio at birth; second to relate these findings to a hypothesis designed to explain them; and third to outline some of the research needed to test the hypothesis. In the present paper the literature will be reviewed: in the second paper the adequacy of the hypothesis to accommodate the data will be discussed and a research program will be outlined. " Factors associated with variations in the sex ratio include race season war legitimacy birth order and paternal age. Consideration is also given to other factors that may affect the sex ratio including psychological factors smoking handedness of parents the location of an anomalously implanted pregnancy occupation and maternal age. (EXCERPT)
A Genetic Change Associated with the R Locus in Maize Which Is Directed and Potentially Reversible.

NTEGRITY of the gene in heterozygotes, first inferred from MENDEL'S (1865) Pisum data and repeatedly corhrmed since in a wide variety of organisms, is re-garded as a universal principle in Mendelian heredity. Departures from the law have been reported from time to time, only to prove unfounded, in most instances at least, on close analysis. The present study is concerned with a seeming exception to the rule at the well-known R locus in maize conditioning aleurone and plant color.
Legal Form as a Determinant of the Evaluation of Agricultural Entities in Slovakia Using the Topsis Method

The agriculture represents one of the sectors of the economy, where economic differentiation is more than obvious. Different efficiency of agricultural entities has been a persistent phenomenon that depends on several objective and subjective factors. One of them is also legal form of agricultural enterprises. In Slovakia, the structure of farms is specific compared to almost any other member states of the European Union. The majority of agricultural land is framed by big farms. These farms with high acreage are usually either agricultural cooperative or Business Company. In the economic literature is a number of important studies identifying the advantages of cooperatives in comparison with other organizational forms, mainly business companies. The aim of this paper is evaluate the economic status of agricultural entities according the legal form using the TOPSIS method.
Work-Life Balance: Reality Check for the Working Women of Bangladesh

In today’s world, the concept “work-life balance” is considered to be one of the major issues that play a vital role in organizational success. However, work-life balance is seen differently in different society. This paper aims to find out the reasons, which create work-life imbalance. Since in perspective of Bangladesh, a female employee faces more difficulties to balance between work and life than a male employee, this study focuses on women working in different sectors. This study has been conducted based on primary research where a sample of 40 female employees from different organizations is selected. Questionnaire and interviews were taken to reveal the reasons that lead to the reason on an imbalance work-life. The study shows that the reasons for which female employees are facing trouble to maintain a work-life balance are mostly because of: long working hours, job rigidity, work overload, responsibilities related to child care, discrimination & biasness at work place , lack of supervisory support, dominant managerial style and scarce family support. The finding of the study focuses on formulating a structured guideline for the organizations so that the above mentioned reasons can be omitted and female employees can balance their professional and personal life and live in harmony.
Audit Delay and Its Implication for Fraudulent Financial Reporting: A Study of Companies Listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange

This research examines the impact of company size, profit or loss, and information system toward audit delay in companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Additionally, it also scrutinizes the implications of audit delay to fraudulent financial reporting. The population of the study includes the LQ 45 companies registered in the Indonesian Stock Exchange in the period of 2010-2014. Purposive sampling technique was employed in the study, involving the total sample of 90 companies. The data analysis used Amos software. The results of the study indicate that the information system, company size, and operation loss and profit have significant influence towards audit delay. Furthermore, it is revealed that audit delay have significant influence towards fraudulent financial reporting system.
Physician’s practice patterns for chronic prostatitis

Chronic prostatitis (CP) is one of the most prevalent conditions in urology, yet the most poorly understood. Although there is little controversy regarding the therapy for documented acute bacterial infections, most symptomatic men do not have bacterial prostatitis, for which treatment and management are usually successful. Throughout the past century, the diagnostic entity of CP has been recognised and its clinical characteristics have been well described. However, no hard and fast guidelines have been developed. To date, several surveys of physicians have been undertaken in order to examine their practice characteristics, attitude, diagnostics and treatment modalities applied in patients with CP. These surveys demonstrate that physicians show large deficits in familiarity with and knowledge of CP along with significant uniformity in the medical approach to this condition and confirm the frustration experienced by physicians in the management of this disease. The results of these studies also suggest an important role for continuing education on the diagnosis and treatment of CP. Further study is needed to identify the aetiology and pathogenesis of male chronic pelvic pain and to establish guidelines for its diagnosis and treatment.
Anti-avoidance rules against international tax planning: A classification

This paper describes the main anti-avoidance rules against international tax planning by multinational enterprises in OECD and G20 countries. Building on this information and on previous classification efforts in the literature, a new classification of anti-avoidance strength is compiled. It takes into account five key dimensions of anti-avoidance: (i) transfer price rules and documentation requirements; (ii) rules on interest deductibility such as thin capitalisation and interest-to-earnings rules to prevent the manipulation of debt location; (iii) controlled foreign company (CFC) rules; (iv) general anti-avoidance rules (GAARs); and (v) withholding taxes on interest payments, royalties and dividends, taking into account bilateral tax treaties. The classification is based on a simple framework aiming to capture the main features of anti-avoidance rules in a harmonised way across countries, although it inevitably leaves aside certain country-specific characteristics as well as the enforcement of existing rules. The empirical analysis in Johansson et al., (2016), which is based on this classification, suggests that strong anti-avoidance rules can reduce profit shifting. Regles anti-evitement contre la planification fiscale internationale : une classification Ce document decrit les principales regles anti-evitement contre la planification fiscale internationale par les entreprises multinationales dans les pays de l'OCDE et du G20. En s’appuyant sur cette description et sur les efforts de classification precedents dans la litterature, une nouvelle classification de la force des regles anti-evitement est compilee. Elle prend en compte cinq dimensions cles de l'anti-evitement: (i) les regles de prix de transfert et les exigences en matiere de documentation ; (ii) les regles sur la deductibilite des interets pour empecher la manipulation de l'emplacement de la dette, telles que les regles relatives a la sous-capitalisation ou portant sur les ratios interet-benefice ; (iii) les regles CFC sur les societes etrangeres controlees ; (iv) les regles generales anti-evitement (GAAR) ; et (v) les impots retenus a la source sur les paiements transnationaux d'interets, de redevances et de dividendes, en tenant compte des conventions fiscales bilaterales. Le classement est base sur un cadre simple visant a capturer les principales caracteristiques des regles anti-evitement d'une maniere harmonisee dans tous les pays, meme si elle laisse inevitablement de cote certaines caracteristiques propres a chaque pays, ainsi que l'application des regles existantes. L'analyse empirique de Johansson et al., (2016), qui est basee sur cette classification, suggere que des regles anti-evitement fortes peuvent reduire les transferts de benefices des entreprises multinationales.
Stroke in Isfahan, Iran: Hospital Admission and 28-Day Case Fatality Rate

Background: In Isfahan, a city in the middle of Iran, a community intervention trial has been started for cardiovascular disease prevention and control via reducing its risk factors and improvement of relevant healthy behavior. A surveillance system was needed to monitor vascular diseases, especially stroke, during and following this community intervention program. Methods: A prospective study on hospitalized stroke patients was done in Isfahan, Iran, from 2000 to 2003. All hospitalized stroke events were recorded via a system adopted from the World Health Organization Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) project, yet ignoring the MONICA age limitation. The age-adjusted hospital admission rate was calculated. Patients and/or their families were followed and asked regarding the patients’ survival status. Results: The age-adjusted hospital admission rate in Isfahan was increasing from 2000 to 2003 (rising from 84.16 to 103.23/100,000). The 28-day case fatality rates were nearly the same during these years and were about 32%. Ischemic stroke events made up the majority of cases (about 70%), and intracerebral hemorrhage events had the second highest prevalence (25%). Conclusions: This study showed that the stroke hospital admission rate might be increasing in Isfahan. A community-based stroke incidence study is needed to elucidate stroke epidemiology in Isfahan, Iran, as a Middle East country.
Prospective Evaluation of Kidney Disease in Joubert Syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Joubert syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy associated with >30 genes. The characteristics of kidney disease and genotype-phenotype correlations have not been evaluated in a large cohort at a single center. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We evaluated 97 individuals with Joubert syndrome at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center using abdominal ultrasonography, blood and urine chemistries, and DNA sequencing. RESULTS Patients were ages 0.6-36 years old (mean of 9.0±7.6 years old); 41 were female. Mutations were identified in 19 genes in 92 patients; two thirds of the mutations resided in six genes: TMEM67, C5orf42, CC2D2A, CEP290, AHI1, and KIAA0586. Kidney disease was detected in 30%, most commonly in association with the following genes: CEP290 (six of six), TMEM67 (11 of 22), and AHI1 (three of six). No kidney disease was identified in patients with mutations in C5orf42 (zero of 15) or KIAA0586 (zero of six). Prenatal ultrasonography of kidneys was normal in 72% of patients with kidney disease. Specific types of kidney disease included nephronophthisis (31%), an overlap phenotype of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease/nephronophthisis (35%), unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney (10%), and indeterminate-type cystic kidney disease (24%). Early-onset hypertension occurred in 24% of patients with kidney disease. Age at ESRD (n=13) ranged from 6 to 24 years old (mean of 11.3±4.8 years old). CONCLUSIONS Kidney disease occurs in up to one third of patients with Joubert syndrome, most commonly in those with mutations in CEP290, TMEM67, and AHI1. Patients with mutations in C5orf42 or KIAA0586 are less likely to develop kidney disease. Prenatal ultrasonography is a poor predictor of kidney involvement in Joubert syndrome. Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease-like enlarged kidneys with early-onset hypertension can be part of the Joubert syndrome kidney phenotype.
Uptake of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in turbid, tidal estuaries

Ammonium and nitrate uptake was measured in 6 European tidal estuaries (Ems, Rhine, Scheldt, Loire, Gironde and Douro) using N-15-tracer techniques. Uptake rates of ammonium and nitrate ranged from 0.005 to 1.56 mu mol N l(-1) h(-1) and 0.00025 to 0.25 mu mol N l(-1) h(-1), respectively, and differed significantly between and within estuaries. Analysis of nitrogen uptake using the relative preferential index (RPI) indicated ammonium to be the preferred substrate. The turnover times of particulate nitrogen (0.7 to 31 d) and dissolved ammonium (0.1 to 27 d) were similar to or shorter than estuarine-water residence times, whereas turnover times of dissolved nitrate (19 to 2160 d) were longer than residence times. Assimilation of nitrate in the water column of estuaries consequently does not influence its distribution, and most nitrate entering or produced in estuaries flushes through unless significant denitrification and/or burial in the sediment occur. As ammonium and particulate nitrogen are efficiently recycled, most allochthonous organic matter is extensively microbially modified before export, burial, or consumption by higher trophic levels. [KEYWORDS: nitrogen uptake; nitrogen turnover; ammonium; nitrate; estuary; heterotrophy Ecosystem model moses; north-atlantic ocean; schelde estuary; sw netherlands; river estuary; heterotrophic bacteria; westerschelde estuary; organic nitrogen; delaware estuary; nitrate uptake]
Function of the C-terminal domain of the alpha subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in basal expression and integration host factor-mediated activation of the early promoter of bacteriophage Mu

Integration host factor (IHF) can activate transcription from the early promoter (Pe) of bacteriophage Mu both directly and indirectly. Indirect activation occurs through alleviation of H-NS-mediated repression of the Pe promoter (P. Van Ulsen, M. Hillebrand, L. Zulianello, P. Van de Putte, and N. Goosen, Mol. Microbiol. 21:567-578, 1996). The direct activation involves the C-terminal domain of the alpha subunit (alphaCTD) of RNA polymerase. We investigated which residues in the alphaCTD are important for IHF-mediated activation of the Pe promoter. Initial in vivo screening, using a set of substitution mutants derived from an alanine scan (T. Gaal, W. Ross, E. E. Blatter, T. Tang, X. Jia, V. V. Krishnan, N. Assa-Munt, R. Ebright, and R. L. Gourse, Genes Dev. 10:16-26, 1996; H. Tang, K. Severinov, A. Goldfarb, D. Fenyo, B. Chait, and R. H. Ebright, Genes Dev. 8:3058-3067, 1994), indicated that the residues, which are required for transcription activation by the UP element of the rrnB P1 promoter (T. Gaal, W. Ross, E. E. Blatter, T. Tang, X. Jia, V. V. Krishnan, N. Assa-Munt, R. Ebright, and R. L. Gourse, Genes Dev. 10:16-26, 1996), are also important for Pe expression in the presence of IHF. Two of the RNA polymerase mutants, alphaR265A and alphaG296A, that affected Pe expression most in vivo were subsequently tested in in vitro transcription experiments. Mutant RNA polymerase with alphaR265A showed no IHF-mediated activation and a severely reduced basal level of transcription from the Pe promoter. Mutant RNA polymerase with alphaG296A resulted in a slightly reduced transcription from the Pe promoter in the absence of IHF but could still be activated by IHF. These results indicate that interaction of the alphaCTD with DNA is involved not only in the IHF-mediated activation of Pe transcription but also in maintaining the basal level of transcription from this promoter. Mutational analysis of the upstream region of the Pe promoter identified a sequence, positioned from -39 to -51 with respect to the transcription start site, that is important for basal Pe expression, presumably through binding of the alphaCTD. The role of the alphaCTD in IHF-mediated stimulation of transcription from the Pe promoter is discussed.
γ‐oryzanol reduces caveolin‐1 and PCGEM1 expression, markers of aggressiveness in prostate cancer cell lines

Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death among men due to the limited number of treatment strategies available for advanced disease. γ‐oryzanol is a component of rice bran, rich in phytosterols, known for its antioxidant, anti‐carcinogenic and endocrinological effects. It is known that γ‐oryzanol may affect prostate cancer cells through the down regulation of the antioxidant genes and that phytosterols have anti‐proliferative and apoptotic effects. There are evidences showing that some of the components of γ‐oryzanol can modulate genes involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer, as caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) and prostate specific androgen‐regulated gene (PCGEM1).
The Danger of Investor Overconfidence

We investigate how investor overconfidence and margin trades affect market efficiency around a market crash. We find that the price delay before a crash is about twice the price delay after a crash and that negative information travels slowly only when market sentiment is high because of investor overconfidence and attribution bias. After a market crash, constrained investors become more sensitive to market movements, resulting in high price synchronicity. In addition, margin traders not only trade on market trends but also generate additional momentum in prices, escalating the pyramiding and de-pyramiding effects caused by the shift in market sentiment.
Testicular development and establishment of spermatogenesis in Holstein bulls.

Fifty-two Holstein bulls were castrated at 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 or 32 weeks to (1) determine whether testicular development is influenced by season of birth (April or October) and (2) examine quantitatively the establishment of spermatogenesis. Season of birth (spring or fall) did not influence (P less than .05) either testis weight at castration or the establishment of spermatogenesis. With age held constant, scrotal circumference and testis weight were correlated (.79; p less than .05). Testis weight increased from 9 +/- 1 g at 12 weeks to 117 +/- 10 g at 32 weeks of age. Seminiferous tubules occupied 44% of the testicular parenchyma at 12 weeks and 81% at 32 weeks. Differentiation of basal indifferent supporting cells to Sertoli cells started at 20 weeks, and formation of Sertoli cells was completed near 28 weeks. Gonocytes predominated at 12 weeks, but by 20 weeks most had been replaced by prespermatogonia and A-spermatogonia. Thus, transformation from a prepubertal testis to a pubertal testis containing Sertoli cells and A-spermatogonia occurred between 16 and 24 weeks (testis weight = 18 to 42 g). Preleptotene to diplotene spermatocytes appeared sequentially between 16 and 28 weeks and their numbers increased through 32 weeks. Significant numbers of pachytene spermatocytes and spermatids were not present before 28 and 32 weeks, respectively. Establishment of spermatogenesis was completed by 32 weeks (testis weight less than 80 g). Testes weighing less than 80 g were producing few if any sperm. Thus, the establishment of spermatogenesis was progressive, associated with more than a fourfold increase in testis weight, and occurred over a period of about 16 weeks.