Modelos causales para la implementación de herramientas de manufactura esbelta y cadena de suministro

espanolLa globalizacion ha obligado a las empresas a modificar sus cadenas de suministro y tecnicas aplicadas para asegurar la calidad de sus productos, ya que se actualmente se tienen sistemas de produccion distribuidos geograficamente. En esta tesis se reportan dos articulos que investigan los factores criticos de exito de la metodologia seis sigma en la industria maquiladora de Ciudad Juarez (Mexico) y los beneficios que se obtienen de esta. Un tercer articulo reporta el efecto que tiene la flexibilidad y agilidad de la cadena de suministro en los indices de desempeno de esta y se valida con informacion del sector vitivinicola de La Rioja (Espana). Se generan modelos de ecuaciones estructurales que relacionan factores criticos de exito de seis sigma con sus beneficios, asi como la flexibilidad y agilidad con el desempeno de la misma y esas relaciones constituyen una serie de hipotesis de investigacion. Para validar las hipotesis, se ha obtenido informacion del sector maquiladora (Mexico) y de la industria vitivinicola de La Rioja y se usan tecnicas de minimos cuadrados parciales. Los resultados indican que los gerentes de las industrias maquiladoras deben focalizarse sus esfuerzos en la formacion de recursos humanos, proporcionar capacitacion y entrenamiento a los grupos de mejora continua y realizar una adecuada administracion del conocimiento generado en los proyectos, asimismo, los gerentes de las empresas vitivinicolas deben hacer un esfuerzo por generar flexibilidad a sus canales de distribucion para generar agilidad en los productos que ofrecen a sus clientes. EnglishGlobalization has forced companies to modify their supply chains and techniques to ensure the quality in their products, since currently the production systems are geographically distributed. In the present thesis, two articles that investigate the critical success factors from the Six Sigma methodology as a tool for quality assurance in the maquiladora industry of Ciudad Juarez (Mexico) and its obtained benefits are reported. In addition, a third article addresses the effect of the flexibility and agility in the supply chain on its performance indexes, which is validated with data from the wine sector of La Rioja (Spain). Also, Structural equation models are generated to relate critical success factors from six sigma along with their benefits, as well as their flexibility and agility with their performance, also these relationships among variables portray a series of research hypotheses. In order to validate these hypotheses, data has been obtained from the maquiladora sector (Mexico) as well as from the wine industry of La Rioja. In addition, partial least squares techniques are used for evaluating the models. Finally, the results indicate that managers in maquiladora industries should focus their efforts on human resources training, such as, provide training to groups who are operating continuous improvement, as well as support an adequate knowledge management generated in projects, similarly, managers in wine sectors must make an effort to achieve flexibility in their distribution channels to generate agility in the products that are offered to customers.