Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors which influence women's decisions for choice of primary surgery for Stage I and Stage II breast cancer

A descriptive correlational study was conducted to describe the factors that Western Australian women with either Stage I or Stage II Breast Cancer, pen. :eivcd to be important considerations when deciding upon either Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) or Breast Conserving Treatment (BCT) for surgical treatment. The Conflict Theory of Decision Making (Janis & Mann, 1977) was used as the theoretical framework to guide this study. Ward, Heidrich and Wolberg's (1989) Factor List, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scale (Wallston, Wallston & De Vellis, 1978) and a demographic questionnaire were used to measure variables. Questionnaires were mailed to a consecutive sample of370 women diagnosed with breast cancer during a six-month period and selected from the Cancer Registry at the Health Department of Western Australia. Results revealed that women who had undergone BCT rated the surgeon's preference as a more important factor and influence on decision-making than the MRM group, 1 (101.10) ~ -2.30, n ~ . 02. These women also rated the factor concerning no difference in long term survival between the t\vo surgeries as a more important influence than the MRM group, 1 (106) ~ -3.33, I! ~ . 00. Area of residence was also significantly associated with surgical choice. Women in rural areas tended to choose MRM rather than BCT, ,'(I, N ~ 160) ~ 12.75, n ~ . 00. Important sources of information that women used to assist them in decision-making were the surgeon, their family and General Practitioner (GP). There was a significant association between women's involvement in decision-making and use of GP as an information source,;;', (3, N ~ 164) ~ 9.94, n ~ . 02.
Interaction effects on galaxy pairs with Gemini/GMOS- III: stellar population synthesis

We present an observational study of the impacts of the interactions on the stellar population in a sample of galaxy pairs. Long-slit spectra in the wavelength range 3440-7300 {\AA} obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) at Gemini South for fifteen galaxies in nine close pairs were used. The spatial distributions of the stellar population contributions were obtained using the stellar population synthesis code STARLIGHT. Taking into account the different contributions to the emitted light, we found that most of the galaxies in our sample are dominated by the young/intermediate stellar populations. This result differs from the one derived for isolated galaxies where the old stellar population dominates the disc surface brightness. We interpreted such different behavior as being due to the effect of gas inflows along the disk of interacting galaxies on the star formation in a time scale of the order of about 2Gyr. We also found that, in general, the secondary galaxy of the pairs has a higher contribution of the young stellar population than the primary one. We compared the estimated values of the stellar and nebular extinctions derived from the synthesis method and the H{\alpha}/H\b{eta} emission-line ratio finding that the nebular extinctions are systematically higher than stellar ones by about a factor of 2. We did not find any correlation between nebular and stellar metallicities. We neither found a correlation between stellar metallicities and ages while a positive correlation between nebular metallicities and stellar ages was obtained, with the older regions being the most metal-rich.
Dynamics of seagrasses and associated algae in coral reef lagoons

Seagrass communities in tropical reef systems are situated in a distinct environmental setting than other seagrass beds around the world: they are exposed to high light intensities and low nutrient concentrations in carbonate sediments. Little is known about the forces which determine the community dynamics in these systems. Here we review studies realized over the last two decades at Puerto Morelos reef lagoon, Mexican Caribbean (Latitude 20 o 52´N) which highlight the dynamics of seagrasses and rooted macroalgae at time distinct frames. Daily fluctuations in physiology, growth and release of gametes or pollen are driven by light and possibly by herbivore pressure. Growth and sexual reproduction of the seagrasses and algae show seasonal patterns driven by the annual solar cycle. The temporal dynamics of the algae are more intense than those of the seagrasses, possibly due to their respective clonal expansion strategies and rates. Sexual recruitment serves to colonize cleared areas and maintains high genetic variability within populations as was shown for Thalassia testudinum. Hurricanes have a small effect on the seagrass-algal community, selectively removing certain species, but the foundation species T. testudinum and the main producer of calcareous sand Halimeda incrassata are resistant to hurricanes and full community recovery occurs within 2-3 y. Gradual but persistent changes in community structure (relatively more investment in above-ground biomass) and composition (higher relative dominance of faster growing species) reveal increasing input of nutrients in this originally considered pristine and oligotrophic habitat.
Two procedures forassessing inequality of educational opportunities in Brazil

ENGLISH: In this paper, we discuss advantages and limits of two alternative methodologies which can be used for measuring inequality of educational opportunities, both of which are based on Roemer (1998). The two alternatives reflect the usual opposition between a dominance approach and an approach based on specific indices. We provide illustrations using Brazilian data. The dominance analysis reveals a situation of evident inequality of opportunity when types are defined in terms of parental education, while when types are defined in terms of skin color we obtain both inequality of opportunity and (at least weak) equality of opportunity, depending on the types we compare. The inequality indices approach shows that, according to the parameters we employ, inequality of opportunity represents 16.1% of overall inequality in Brazil, and we observe large regional variation. PORTUGUES: Neste artigo, discutem-se vantagens e limites de dois metodos alternativos de mensuracao de desigualdades de oportunidades educacionais, ambas as quais se baseiam em Roemer (1998). Tais alternativas refletem a oposicao usual entre uma abordagens de dominância e aquelas baseadas em indices especificos. Apresentamos ilustracoes usando dados brasileiros (do SAEB). A analise de dominância revela uma situacao de evidente desigualdade de oportunidades quando os tipos sao definidos em termos de nivel de educacao dos pais, enquanto no caso em que se definem por meio da cor da pele, obtem-se tanto desigualdade de oportunidades como igualdade de oportunidades (fraca), em funcao dos tipoes que estejam sendo comparados. A abordagem baseada em indices de desigualdade mostra que, de acordo com os parâmetros usados, a desigualdade de oportunidades representa ao menos 16.1% da desigualdade total no Brasil, e se observam substanciais variacoes regionais. JEL classification: D63, I21, I39. Key-words/palavras-chave: equality of opportunity, education fairness, inequality measurement, opportunity measurement / igualdade de oportunidades, justica educacional, medidas de desigualdade, medidas de oportunidade. AREA ANPEC: Area 11 Economia social e demografia
Preparing Special Education Teachers for Teaching Mathematics and Science with Technology by Integrating the TPACK Framework into the Curriculum: A Study of Teachers’ Surveys and Lesson Plans.

This study focuses on the development of Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in mathematics and science of pre-service special education teachers via one course. TPACK development is measured through a survey (teachers' perceptions of knowledge) and lesson plans (teachers' artifacts). Paired samples t-test revealed that upon completion of the course requirements, the participants' TPACK scores increased significantly in regards to their perceptions as well as their lesson plans. Correlations between the two measures were not significant leading to a discussion about assessing constructs through measures of self-perception and teaching artifacts. Factor analysis of the survey raises questions about the domains of knowledge of the TPACK framework. Implications for teacher education programs are discussed.
Slaughter and carcass characteristics of Gokceada, Maltese and Turkish Saanen suckling kids

Aim of the study was to investigate comparatively the slaughter and carcass characteristics of Gokceada, Maltese and Turkish Saanen suckling kids. Eight suckling male kids at 80-90 days of age from each genotype were used in the study. The kids were collected from dairy goat farms and slaughtered after lairage of an overnight period. Although the kids were at similar age and sex, the slaughter weight and chilled carcass weight of indigenous Gokceada kids were lower than those of Maltese and Turkish Saanen kids (P 0.05). While there were significant differences between breeds in terms of muscle, bone and fat weights in half carcass on the side of Turkish Saanen and Maltese kids, the differences between the genotypes were not significant for percentages of muscle, bone and fat. The carcass structure of suckling kids was small and meat production was low, however, they had very little fat in the carcass. It was concluded that Maltese and Turkish Saanen kids were favourable than Gokceada kids in terms of suckling kid meat production.
On the formation of multiple local peaks in breakthrough curves

The analysis of breakthrough curves (BTCs) is of interest in hydrogeology as a way to parameterize and explain processes related to anomalous transport. Classical BTCs assume the presence of a single peak in the curve, where the location and size of the peak and the slope of the receding limb has been of particular interest. As more information is incorporated into BTCs (for example, with high‐frequency data collection, supercomputing efforts), it is likely that classical definitions of BTC shapes will no longer be adequate descriptors for contaminant transport problems. We contend that individual BTCs may display multiple local peaks depending on the hydrogeologic conditions and the solute travel distance. In such cases, classical definitions should be reconsidered. In this work, the presence of local peaks in BTCs is quantified from high‐resolution numerical simulations in synthetic fields with a particle tracking technique and a kernel density estimator to avoid either overly jagged or smoothed curves that could mask the results. Individual BTCs from three‐dimensional heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity fields with varying combinations of statistical anisotropy, heterogeneity models, and local dispersivity are assessed as a function of travel distance. The number of local peaks, their corresponding slopes, and a transport connectivity index are shown to strongly depend on statistical anisotropy and travel distance. Results show that the choice of heterogeneity model also affects the frequency of local peaks, but the slope is less sensitive to model selection. We also discuss how solute shearing and rerouting can be determined from local peak quantification.
Models Based on Positive Mathematical Programming: State of the Art and Further Extensions

Mathematical programming models have received renewed interest in the area of agricultural and agri-environmental policy analysis. Their ability to explicitly represent physical constraints makes them specifically suited for connecting economic and bio-physical aspects of agricultural systems. Furthermore, they allow for a direct representation of many current agricultural policy measures related to production activity levels. The introduction of Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) addressed problems with plausibility of simulated behaviour and lack of empirical validation of these models. This paper reviews the development of PMP in its various forms and takes a look at approaches beyond PMP contributing to the quest for empirically specified programming models.
Economic burden of breast cancer to the households in Punjab, India

Introduction: Breast cancer is on rise and cervix cancer is on declining mode according to the cancer registry data in India. The major mode of financing treatment is out-of-pocket (OOP) and this can push 25% of the cancer affected households below the poverty line. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study with a household perspective was done in the state of Punjab. By using probability proportional to the size method and systematic random sampling, the sample was drawn from every district of Punjab. A face-to-face semi-structured interview schedule was administered to 221 patients. Results: The direct cost contributed 79% toward the total cost-of-illness. The cost of drugs (36.23%) followed by cost of hospitalization (27.05%) and productivity loss (13.44%) were the main contributors toward the total cost of illness. The contribution of indirect cost is 21 per cent of the total cost. The cost of treatment depends upon type of facility used (more in private as compared to the public), stage of cancer (stage above first stage cost more than the first stage), and age at the time of diagnosis aged above sixty incurred more expenditure as compared to the aged below sixty. The 84% of the households had experienced the catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and 51% of the households had faced distress financing (DF). The main financial coping strategies*(*multiple strategies) used were saving (74%), borrowing at low rate of interest (88%), social nets (55%), and selling financial assets (30%).
Persistence of Profitability in Family-Owned Food Businesses

We examine firm profitability in the food economy and determine the source of variance of firm profitability in family-owned and non-family-owned food processing firms. The results indicate firm effects dominate in explaining the variance in the business-segment performance in the food economy. More specifically, we find family-owned firms compared to non-family-owned firms have a higher percentage of total variance in the business-segment performance explained by yearly effects, industry effects, and firm effects for both the random-effects and fixed-effects models.
FIRING UP SUSTAINABLE BEHAVIOUR

For many products there is a substantial potential for reducing environmental impacts by altering the way people interact with them. The current work investigates the potential for improving the way people interact with woodstoves, thereby reducing the environmental impact resulting from burning firewood, by adjusting the design of the woodstove. The paper describes a complete user centred Design for Sustainable Behaviour process, from initial ethnographic studies, through the design process, to a comparative testing of a prototype and a regular woodstove monitoring emissions and user behaviour. The test indicates that the prototype is used much more in line with the recommendations and emitted 35% less particles than the conventional stove, and thus indicates the successfulness of the applied approach.
Treatment of congenital club foot with Ponseti method

Introduction: Idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (Club Foot) is a complex deformity that is difficult to correct. The goal of treatment is to reduce or eliminate its four components so that the patient has a functional, pain free, plantigrade foot, with good mobility and without calluses, and does not need to wear modified shoes. Material and Methods: We have treated 41 patients with 60 idiopathic clubfoot deformity using Ponseti method of management. The severity of foot deformity was assessed according to the grading system of Dimeglio et al. Results: The mean number of casts that were applied to obtain correction was six (range four to nine casts). Tenotomy was done in 58 feet. Fifty eight feet had good results.Two patients developed recurrence of the deformity due to non-compliance of the use of orthrotics. Conclusion: The Ponseti method is a safe and effective treatment for congenital idiopathic clubfoot and radically decreases the need for extensive corrective surgery. Non compliance with orthotics has been widely reported to be the main factor causing failure of the technique.
Simulations of ultra-high energy cosmic rays in the local Universe and the origin of cosmic magnetic fields

We simulate the propagation of cosmic rays at ultra-high energies, ≳1018 eV, in models of extragalactic magnetic fields in constrained simulations of the local Universe. We use constrained initial conditions with the cosmological magnetohydrodynamics code ENZO. The resulting models of the distribution of magnetic fields in the local Universe are used in the CRPROPA code to simulate the propagation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We investigate the impact of six different magneto-genesis scenarios, both primordial and astrophysical, on the propagation of cosmic rays over cosmological distances. Moreover, we study the influence of different source distributions around the Milky Way. Our study shows that different scenarios of magneto-genesis do not have a large impact on the anisotropy measurements of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. However, at high energies above the Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin (GZK)-limit, there is anisotropy caused by the distribution of nearby sources, independent of the magnetic field model. This provides a chance to identify cosmic ray sources with future full-sky measurements and high number statistics at the highest energies. Finally, we compare our results to the dipole signal measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory. All our source models and magnetic field models could reproduce the observed dipole amplitude with a pure iron injection composition. Our results indicate that the dipole is observed due to clustering of secondary nuclei in direction of nearby sources of heavy nuclei. A light injection composition is disfavoured, since the increase in dipole angular power from 4 to 8 EeV is too slow compared to observation by the Pierre Auger Observatory.
Hydrothermal activity in the Northwest Lau Backarc Basin: Evidence from water column measurements

The Northwest Lau Backarc Basin, consisting of the Northwest Lau Spreading Center (NWLSC) and the Rochambeau Rifts (RR), is unique in having elevated 3He/4He ratios (up to 28 Ra) in the erupted lavas, clearly indicating a hot spot or ocean island basalt (OIB)‐type signature. This OIB‐type helium signature does not appear in any other part of the Lau Basin. Water column plume surveys conducted in 2008 and 2010 identified several sites of active hydrothermal discharge along the NWLSC‐RR and showed that the incidence of hydrothermal activity is high, consistent with the high spreading rate of ∼100 mm/year. Hydrocasts into the Central Caldera and Southern Caldera of the NWLSC detected elevated3He/4He (δ3He = 55% and 100%, respectively), trace metals (TMn, TFe), and suspended particles, indicating localized hydrothermal venting at these two sites. Hydrocasts along the northern rift zone of the NWLSC also had excess δ3He, TMn, and suspended particles suggesting additional sites of hydrothermal activity. The RR are dominated by Lobster Caldera, a large volcano with four radiating rift zones. Hydrocasts into Lobster Caldera in 2008 detected high δ3He (up to 239%) and suspended particle and TMn signals, indicating active venting within the caldera. A repeat survey of Lobster in 2010 confirmed the site was still active two years later. Plumes at Lobster Caldera and Central Caldera have end‐member3He/4He ratios of 19 Ra and 11 Ra, respectively, confirming that hot spot‐type helium is also present in the hydrothermal fluids.
Who Gains and Who Loses from Compensated Displacement from Protected Areas? The Case of the Derema Corridor, Tanzania

Increasing attention is being paid to the social impacts of the exclusionary nature of conservation, as well as the mechanisms and policies put in place to mitigate negative impacts. Yet, factors that condition the restoration of well-being among people whose access to resources has changed due to conservation are still poorly understood. In this article we present an analytical framework for studying the social impacts of conservation interventions, and factors affecting post-intervention livelihood rehabilitation. We use this framework to analyse the consequences of the displacement of farmers from the Derema Corridor in northeastern Tanzania, who were given monetary compensation to mitigate livelihood losses. Drawing from qualitative and quantitative data collected over two years following their displacement, we find that the conservation intervention contributed to local social differentiation. Women and the poorest farmers experienced the strongest negative impacts, whereas those who were previously better-off emerged as relative winners among those affected. For more fair and equitable social outcomes, we recommend that conservation planners give careful attention to identifying rights-holders entitled to compensation, promptly implement ex ante risk management mechanisms, and give careful attention to the most appropriate forms of compensation and support measures in the local political economy context.
Extraction and Chemical Composition of Seed Kernel Oil from Irvingia smithii of Congo Basin

This study is part of a wider program on the development of oilseeds in the Congo Basin and its aim was to contribute to the knowledge of Irvingia smithii kernel by studying his chemical composition following the example of those of Irvingia gabonensis and Irvingia wombulu. Irvingia smithii kernel, like those of Irvingia gabonensis and Irvingia wombulu is multipurpose, however, less known than the latter. The assessment of oilseeds of the kernel of Irvingia smithii showed that it is oleaginous with fat contents of about 55%. The fatty acid profile established by gas chromatography showed that the lauric acid content is higher than that of myristic acid (% C12: 0>% C14: 0) and both have a percentage of the total fatty acid content of nearly 90%. Palmitic acid (C16: 0), the third major constituent has nearly 5%. Oleic (C18: 1) and capric (C10: 0) acids have significant levels and palmitoleic (C16: 1) and stearic (C18: 0) acids are to trace. Triacylglycerol profile established by liquid chromatography coupled to the Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (ELSD) has three major TAG (% LaLaM >% LAMM >% LaLaLa), one minor TAG (MMM) and two TAG to trace (CLaLa and MMP). Fats of Irvingia smithii studied have levels of unsaponifiables ranging from 1.25 to 2.97% with the major components such as beta- sitosterol (36%) and stigmasterol (18%). For macronutrients, the most abundant element is Magnesium While the Iron is the least abundant with the following decreasing profile: Mg>P>Ca>Fe. Spectrometric assessment of color led to the remarkable presence of the peaks relating to the absorption of carotenoids and chlorophyll pigments located between 630 and 670 nm.