Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 45,000-M(r) glycoprotein in the Sendai virus envelope triggers virus-cell fusion

Sendai virus envelopes devoid of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase but containing the fusion protein (F-virosomes) were prepared. F-virosomes exhibited discernible serine protease activity at neutral pH. Electrophoretic analysis of the protein profile of the F-virosomes under nonreducing conditions, by both sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing, led to the identification of a previously unknown glycoprotein with a relative molecular weight of 45,000 (45K protein) associated with the F protein. The identity of the 45K protein, as distinct from F protein, was established by Western blot analysis with F- and 45K-specific antibodies. This 45K protein forms a nexus with the F protein through noncovalent hydrophobic interactions, as proved by its sensitivity to urea treatment, and it is essential for the proteolytic activity of the F-virosomes as well as for the fusion of the viral envelope with host cell membrane. N-terminal sequence analysis (first 11 amino acids) of this protein showed strong homology (> 90%) to flavivirus NS3 serine proteases but no similarity to any of the Sendai viral proteins. On the basis of the N-terminal sequence, oligonucleotides were designed corresponding to the sense and antisense DNA sequences. Dot blot hybridization and primer extension with these oligonucleotides with the viral and the host genome confirmed the host origin of this protein. Further, the limited proteolytic digestion of the target membrane resulted in significant inhibition of viral fusion with it. On the basis of these results, we postulate a model for the molecular mechanism of F protein-induced membrane fusion, which may provide a rationale for other paramyxoviruses.
EDEM As an Acceptor of Terminally Misfolded Glycoproteins Released from Calnexin

Terminally misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are retrotranslocated to the cytoplasm and degraded by proteasomes through a mechanism known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD). EDEM, a postulated Man8B-binding protein, accelerates the degradation of misfolded proteins in the ER. Here, EDEM was shown to interact with calnexin, but not with calreticulin, through its transmembrane region. Both binding of substrates to calnexin and their release from calnexin were required for ERAD to occur. Overexpression of EDEM accelerated ERAD by promoting the release of terminally misfolded proteins from calnexin. Thus, EDEM appeared to function in the ERAD pathway by accepting substrates from calnexin.
Roles of fkbN in Positive Regulation and tcs7 in Negative Regulation of FK506 Biosynthesis in Streptomyces sp. Strain KCTC 11604BP

ABSTRACT FK506 is an important 23-member polyketide macrolide with immunosuppressant activity. Its entire biosynthetic gene cluster was previously cloned from Streptomyces sp. strain KCTC 11604BP, and sequence analysis identified three putative regulatory genes, tcs2, tcs7, and fkbN, which encode proteins with high similarity to the AsnC family transcriptional regulators, LysR-type transcriptional regulators, and LAL family transcriptional regulators, respectively. Overexpression and in-frame deletion of tcs2 did not affect the production of FK506 or co-occurring FK520 compared to results for the wild-type strain, suggesting that tcs2 is not involved in their biosynthesis. fkbN overexpression improved the levels of FK506 and FK520 production by approximately 2.0-fold, and a deletion of fkbN caused the complete loss of FK506 and FK520 production. Although the overexpression of tcs7 decreased the levels of FK506 and FK520 production slightly, a deletion of tcs7 caused 1.9-fold and 1.5-fold increases in FK506 and FK520 production, respectively. Finally, fkbN overexpression in the tcs7 deletion strain resulted in a 4.0-fold (21 mg liter−1) increase in FK506 production compared to that by the wild-type strain. This suggests that fkbN encodes a positive regulatory protein essential for FK506/FK520 biosynthesis and that the gene product of tcs7 negatively regulates their biosynthesis, demonstrating the potential of exploiting this information for strain improvement. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analyses of the transcription levels of the FK506 biosynthetic genes in the wild-type and mutant strains proved that most of the FK506 biosynthetic genes are regulated by fkbN in a positive manner and negatively by tcs7.
On the killing of mycobacteria by macrophages

Both pathogenic and non‐pathogenic mycobacteria are internalized into macrophage phagosomes. Whereas the non‐pathogenic types are invariably killed by all macrophages, the pathogens generally survive and grow. Here, we addressed the survival, production of nitrogen intermediates (RNI) and intracellular trafficking of the non‐pathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis, the pathogen‐like, BCG and the pathogenic M. bovis in different mouse, human and bovine macrophages. The bacteriocidal effects of RNI were restricted for all bacterial species to the early stages of infection. EM analysis showed clearly that all the mycobacteria remained within phagosomes even at late times of infection. The fraction of BCG and M. bovis found in mature phagolysosomes rarely exceeded 10% of total, irrespective of whether bacteria were growing, latent or being killed, with little correlation between the extent of phagosome maturation and the degree of killing. Theoretical modelling of our data identified two different potential sets of explanations that are consistent with our results. The model we favour is one in which a small but significant fraction of BCG is killed in an early phagosome, then maturation of a small fraction of phagosomes with both live and killed bacteria, followed by extremely rapid killing and digestion of the bacteria in phago‐lysosomes.
Classifier Classifier Classifier Fine-grained classication Logo retrieval Original Image Background Reconstruction Bckg . Filtering ( Text Saliency ) Binarizing Text Saliency Character Detection Textual Cue Encoding Visual Cue Encoding Character Recognition

This work focuses on fine-grained object classification using recognized scene text in natural images. While the state-of-the-art relies on visual cues only, this paper is the first work which proposes to combine textual and visual cues. Another novelty is the textual cue extraction. Unlike the state-of-theart text detection methods, we focus more on the background instead of text regions. Once text regions are detected, they are further processed by two methods to perform text recognition i.e. ABBYY commercial OCR engine and a state-of-the-art character recognition algorithm. Then, to perform textual cue encoding, biand trigrams are formed between the recognized characters by considering the proposed spatial pairwise constraints. Finally, extracted visual and textual cues are combined for fine-grained classification. The proposed method is validated on four publicly available datasets: ICDAR03, ICDAR13, Con-Text and Flickr-logo. We improve the state-of-the-art end-to-end character recognition by a large margin of 15% on ICDAR03. We show that textual cues are useful in addition to visual cues for fine-grained classification. We show that textual cues are also useful for logo retrieval. Adding textual cues outperforms visualand textual-only in finegrained classification (70.7% to 60.3%) and logo retrieval (57.4% to 54.8%).
Smart mobile media services: consumer intention model

The deployment of Smart Mobile Media Devices (SMMD) is growing rapidly. The primary reason that consumers are adopting Smart Mobile Media Devices is that they integrate many of the functions that previously required numerous technologies and devices. However, research on consumer's perceptions of this phenomenon is still at an early stage. The lack of a comprehensive definition of Smart Mobile Media Devices (SMMD), together with associated Smart Mobile Media Services (SMMS) means that integrating extant research to gain an understanding of consumer's perceptions is very difficult. This paper contributes to the existing theoretical body of knowledge on this phenomenon, through providing comprehensive definitions of both Smart Mobile Media Devices (SMMD) and Smart Mobile Media Services (SMMS). Furthermore, it provides an exploratory model to explore consumers' perceptions of Smart Mobile Media Services.
Inflammatory cytokines in exhaled breath condensate in children with inflammatory bowel diseases

Although inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) affect mainly the gastrointestinal tract, the extra‐intestinal manifestations are not uncommon. Different diagnostic methods have been applied to assess pulmonary involvement in patients with IBD, but majority of these methods show significant limitations in children. The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) measurements of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in children with IBD.
Statistical Data Analysis in the Computer Age

Most of our familiar statistical methods, such as hypothesis testing, linear regression, analysis of variance, and maximum likelihood estimation, were designed to be implemented on mechanical calculators. Modern electronic computation has encouraged a host of new statistical methods that require fewer distributional assumptions than their predecessors and can be applied to more complicated statistical estimators. These methods allow the scientist to explore and describe data and draw valid statistical inferences without the usual concerns for mathematical tractability. This is possible because traditional methods of mathematical analysis are replaced by specially constructed computer algorithms. Mathematics has not disappeared from statistical theory. It is the main method for deciding which algorithms are correct and efficient tools for automating statistical inference.
Central coherence in full recovery of anorexia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE This study examined central coherence as a possible endophenotype in a large sample of women recovered from anorexia nervosa (rec AN). Recovery was defined by considering physiological, behavioural and psychological variables. METHOD A total of 100 rec AN women and 100 healthy women completed the Rey Complex Figure Test, a measure for visual-spatial central coherence. The participants were matched 1:1 for age and educational level. RESULTS Compared with the healthy control group, the rec AN group showed better accuracy in the copy condition. There was a trend for a local strategy in the rec AN group compared with a global strategy in the healthy control group. CONCLUSIONS This sample of rec AN women showed no inefficiencies in global processing but a superior local processing after full recovery from AN.
Von Willebrand factor activity assay errors

VJY has received reimbursement for attending symposia/congresses and/or honoraria for speaking and/or honoraria for consulting, and/or funds for research from Baxter, Bayer, CSL-Behring, Grifols, Novo Nordisk, Octapharma and Pfizer. JO has received reimbursement for attending symposia/congresses and/or honoraria for speaking and/or honoraria for consulting, and/or funds for research from Baxter, Bayer, Biogen Idec, Biotest, CSL-Behring, Grifols, Novo Nordisk, Octapharma, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum and Pfizer. SR has received reimbursement for attending symposia/congresses and/or honoraria for speaking and/or honoraria for consulting, and/or funds for research from Baxter, Grifols, Biotest and Pfizer. MHK has received reimbursement for attending symposia/congresses and/or honoraria for speaking and/or honoraria for consulting, and/or funds for research from Grifols. JB is employee of Grifols. ES has received reimbursement for attending symposia/congresses and/or honoraria for speaking and/or honoraria for consulting, and/or funds for research from Bayer, Baxter, Pfizer, CSL Behring, Novo-Nordisk, Sobi/ Biogen, Octapharma, Kedrion, Roche and Grifols.
Ultrasonographic findings of gonarthritis caused by toothpick: A case report

We report a rare case of a 5‐year‐old patient with a toothpick in the knee joint resulting in septic arthritis. The toothpick was detected in the joint by sonography and was confirmed at surgery. A wooden foreign body is an uncommon cause of arthritis. This case report is followed by a discussion of the value of sonography in the diagnosis of wooden foreign‐body arthritis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:379–381, 2014
Acceso a materiales de estudio universitarios en Uruguay

Si bien el termino acceso suele asociarse a la matriculacion, el acceso a la Educacion Superior no solo incluye el momento en el cual el estudiante se matricula en la universidad. Entre otros multiples factores, el acceso a los materiales de estudio pasa a ser un punto relevante al momento de ingresar y permanecer en el sistema educativo. En el articulo se presenta el estado del arte y los principales debates sobre el acceso a los materiales de estudio en Uruguay, de modo de conocer la situacion actual y orientar politicas educativas, en especial aquellas vinculadas al desarrollo de los Recursos Educativos Abiertos como politica insititucional de publicacion de contenidos educativos.
An Investigation Into Electron Temperature, Number Density, and Optical Emission Spectroscopy of the DC Hollow-Cathode Plasma Discharge in $\hbox{N}_{2}\hbox{O}$

In this paper, we measured the electron temperature and density of hollow-cathode plasma discharge as a function of discharge pressure and power in transition and collisional regions employing double-Langmuir-probe technique. Correction for the ion-current signal was made to compensate the reduction in the measured ion density due to high-pressure collisional processes within the sheath. The correction factor was found to increase from 9.94 to 48.23 as the pressure increased from 0.2 to 1.1 torr. Spectroscopic emission spectra were recorded, and the intensity of emission lines was investigated as a function of discharge power and pressure. The dominant dissociation fragments were found to be those of NO, , , and . An identification of the states leading to the observed emission lines and bands was made. Our results unambiguously show that the dissociation fragments and are mainly consumed in the production of NO. Effect of He gas on the discharge was found to be negligible.
Effect of the sp2 carbon phase on n-type conduction in nanodiamond films

Structural and electrical conduction properties of nitrogen-doped nanocrystalline diamond films are studied as a function of deposition temperature (TD) in a microwave Ar-rich/CH4 plasma with 30%N2 addition. Hall- and Seebeck-effect measurements confirm n-type conduction for TD above 1100 K. For TD from 1100 and 1220 K, the electron concentration increases up to 1020 cm−3 and the electron mobility is in the range of 4–8 cm2 V−1 s−1. For TD above 1250 K, the mobility decreases to ∼1 cm2 V−1 s−1. Low conductivity films deposited at low TD exhibit semiconductorlike thermal activation in the Arrhenius plots, while high conductivity films deposited at high TD are almost temperature independent, indicative of quasimetallic conduction. The nitrogen concentration in the films is about 0.3 at. %, independent of TD. As TD is increased, the sp2 content and order increase. This is responsible for the appearance of midgap states, their delocalization, and the larger distance between diamond grains. The high conductivi.
Das 3 x 2 Achievement Goal Model

In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurden zahlreiche Modelle zu Zielen entwickelt und anhand unterschiedlicher lern- und leistungsrelevanter Variablen untersucht. Dies hat bedeutend zum Verstandnis des Konstrukts beigetragen und fuhrte 2011 zu einer neuen Kategorisierung der Ziele. Das 3 x 2 Achievement Goal Model nach Elliot, Murayama und Pekrun (2011) konzeptualisiert Ziele im Leitungskontext uber den Evaluationsstandard zur Definition der angestrebten Kompetenz (aufgabenbezogen, selbstbezogen, fremdbezogen) und deren Valenz (Annaherung, Vermeidung). Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die Konsequenzen von fremdbezogenen, selbst¬bezogenen und aufgabenbezogenen Zielen auf Fahigkeits¬selbst¬konzept, Umgang mit Misserfolg und Interesse zu untersuchen; zusatzlich wurden die Effekte auf die Prufungs¬leistung analysiert. Hierzu wurde ein Online-Fragebogen im Rahmen der Prufung Forschungsmethoden & Evaluation bzw. Praxis wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens an der Universitat Wien von 389 PsychologiestudentInnen des Bachelor- & Diplomstudiengangs bearbeitet. Die Ziele wurden dabei in Anlehnung an zwei Studien von Elliot et al. (2011) mit einer neu entwickelten deutschen Version des Achievement Goal Questionnaires erfasst. Fremd-Annaherungsziele korrelierten positiv mit der Prufungsleistung, dem Fahigkeitsselbstkonzept und Interesse. Fur Fremd-Vermeidungsziele zeigte sich ein negativer Zusammenhang mit dem Fahigkeitsselbst¬konzept. Aufgaben-Annaherungsziele hingen positiv mit der Prufungsleistung, dem Umgang mit Misserfolg und Interesse zusammen. Selbst-Annaherungsziele zeigten ebenfalls eine positive Korrelation mit Interesse. Selbst-Vermeidungsziele und Umgang mit Misserfolg wiesen dahingegen einen negativen Zusammenhang auf. An den Ergebnissen wird deutlich, dass sowohl Aufgaben-Anna¬herungs¬¬ziele und Selbst-Annaherungsziele als auch Fremd-Anna¬herungs¬¬ziele positive Zusammenhange mit motivationalen Konstrukten aufweisen. Die traditionelle Annahme, Kompe¬tenz¬ziele seien Performanz¬zielen grundsatzlich uberlegen, zeigt sich in der Konzeptu¬alisierung der Ziele im 3 x 2 Modell nicht. So tragt dieser Befund zum Erkenntnis¬gewinn in der Bildungsforschung bei und stellt einen Ausgangspunkt fur neue Forschungsansatze zu Vor- und Nachteilen der Anwendung spezifischer Ziel¬e in Abhangigkeit unterschiedlicher Kontexte dar.
Effects of Different Types of Free Trials and Ratings in Sampling of Consumer Software: An Empirical Study

Giving away trial software is a common practice for software developers to maximize the exposure of their products to potential consumers and to minimize the consumers' uncertainty about software quality. There are two types of free trials: (1) freeware, which consists of very basic features of focal software without a time lock, and (2) trialware, which has the full functionality of focal software with a time lock. In this paper, we study what factors make some free-trial software attract more potential adopters than others. Our empirical model under the traditional Bass-type diffusion examines the effects of the different types of free-trial software and ratings on consumer software sampling and reveals the dynamics of sampling over time. Using free-trial software downloading data on Download.com, we observe that the consumer software sampling process can be described by the theory of information diffusion. We find that user ratings affect sampling performance positively and that third-party ratings need to be positive to be effective. Finally, our results do not show any discernible differences between freeware and trialware with regard to their impact on sampling performance. This study contributes to the understanding of software free-trial practice from the perspective of consumer sampling growth of different types of free trials. Our findings can help design free-trial strategies to extrapolate the extent of consumer awareness of focal software and effectively convey its quality information to potential customers.
Ethnicity and adolescent pathways to alcohol use.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the influence of ethnicity on factors affecting alcohol-use behaviors in a community sample of white, black, and Hispanic youth (N = 323). Conduct problems, positive alcohol expectancies, and socioeconomic status were expected to mediate the effect of negative affectivity and a paternal history of substance dependence on the age at onset of regular drinking and the frequency of drinking. METHOD Subjects ages 14-21 (57.9% female; 60.7% white) were interviewed along with their fathers at baseline (Time 1), and subjects only were interviewed again 5 years later (Time 2). A structural equation model was used to test a deviance proneness model for predicting drinking behaviors and to evaluate differences on model paths by ethnicity. RESULTS Ethnic group membership moderated mediational pathways linked to the onset of regular alcohol use but not to drinking frequency. An increase in the number of childhood conduct problems predicted an earlier age at onset of regular drinking for blacks, whereas more positive alcohol expectancies were associated with an earlier initiation of regular drinking for whites and Hispanics. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study provide evidence that risk factors for alcohol use in adolescents and young adults vary according to ethnic group.
Modelling aspiration noise during phonation using the LF voice source model

This paper presents a technique for modelling the aspiration noise produced during phonation. The method employs the widely used LF voice source model, which is here extended to include a turbulence noise source for the generation of aspiration. Drawing on speech production theory and on empirical data, the overall amplitude level as well as the within-pulse modulation of the noise are determined by the specific shape of the LF model waveform. The main advantage of this approach is that it simplifies the control of the glottal source, as the temporal dynamics of the variation in noise level need not be explicitly set, but is generated automatically. Informal listening tests also suggest that the proposed modelling technique may contribute to the naturalness of synthesised speech, particularly with regard to breathy voicing.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the moss Oxystegus tenuirostris (Hook. & Taylor) A.J.E. Sm. (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta)

Abstract The mitochondrial genome of mosses is characterized by a highly conserved structure and genic content. This is confirmed here through the assembly and annotation of the mt genome of the moss Oxystegus tenuirostris, family Pottiaceae, for which it is assembled. A phylogenetic tree is inferred from the whole genome of 16 species of mosses to validate the sequence of O. tenuirostris by confirming its shared ancestry with Syntrichia. The genome is 105 001 bp long, with a GC content of 39.2%, comprising 40 protein coding, 24 tRNA, and 3 rRNA genes. All introns reported from the mt genome of all but one peristomate moss are present, whereas no region of 50 bp or more is repeated within the genome. The genic content and order is identical to that of most mosses, highlighting that the mt genome is static not only across the phylogenetic depth but also breadth of the moss tree of life.
Spending and service use among people with the fifteen most costly medical conditions, 1997.

This study addresses the Institute of Medicine's recommendation that AHRQ use MEPS data to identify a set of priority conditions to inform efforts at improving quality of care. Using MEPS data we identify the fifteen most expensive conditions in the U.S. in 1997: chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, and acute conditions such as trauma, pneumonia, and infectious disease. Comorbidities were also associated with increased expenses. Type-of-service and source-of-payment distributions varied considerably across this set of conditions. Our findings highlight some of the challenges likely to be encountered in efforts to reform the current system.