Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical Characteristics of Compost and Humic Acid from Sago Waste ( Metroxylon sagu )

Problem statement: Agriculture waste such as Sago Waste (SW) has a potential to cause pollution either on land or in water. In order to reduce this problem, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of three different treatments on the chemical characteristics of compost and humic acid from SW. Approach: The study had three treatments which were: T1: SW (80%) + chicken feed (5%) + chicken dung slurry (5%) + molasses (5%) + urea (5%), T2: SW (80%) + chicken feed (10%) + chicken dung slurry (5%) + molasses (5%) and T3: SW (80%) + chicken feed (10%) + chicken dung slurry (5%) + urea (5%). Composting was done for 60 days in a white polystyrene box with a size of 61.5×49×33.5 cm. The composts were analyzed for pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon, organic matter, ash, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), phosphorus and HA using standard procedures. Results: All treatments did not reach thermophilic phase. Compost of T2 had high quality (pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon, organic matter, ash, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), phosphorus and HA) compared to T1 and T3. The yield of HA of T2 was also significantly higher compared to those of T1 and T3. The compost characteristics of T1 and T3 were similar. The chemical characteristics of HA the 3 treatments were within the standard range reported by other researchers. Conclusion: T2 is more efficient in producing mature and good quality compost in 60 days compared to T1 and T3.
Rapid oral desensitization to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in infants and children.

BACKGROUND Although trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the preferred chemoprophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, there are frequent IgE-mediated reactions among children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Oral desensitization allows more patients to receive chemoprophylaxis, but it has been studied in only a limited number of children. METHODS We desensitized five children infected with the HIV using a rapid, 4-h oral protocol. RESULTS Three children (including two infants) successfully completed desensitization and started maintenance therapy, but the other two experienced reactions that precluded further administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a rapid, oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole desensitization protocol is safe and, in some instances, effective among HIV-infected children and infants with a history of non-life-threatening, IgE-mediated reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
An estimation of the worldwide economic and health burden of visual impairment

Abstract This study aims to provide a rigorous estimate of the worldwide costs of visual impairment (VI), and the associated health burden. The study used a prevalence-based model. Prevalence rates for mild VI (visual acuity (VA) worse than 6/12 but not worse than 6/18), moderate VI (VA worse than 6/18 but not worse than 6/60) and blindness (VA worse than 6/60) were applied to population forecasts for each World Health Organisation (WHO) subregion. The limited available country cost data were extrapolated between subregions using economic and population health indicators. Age and gender subgroup population numbers were derived from United Nations’ data. Costs and the health burden of VI were estimated for each world subregion using published disease prevalence rates, health care expenditures and other economic data. The study includes direct health care costs, indirect costs and the health burden of VI. The total cost of VI globally was estimated at $3 trillion in 2010, of which $2.3 trillion was direct health costs. This burden is projected to increase by approximately 20% by 2020. VI is associated with a considerable disease burden. Unless steps are taken to reduce prevalence through prevention and treatment, this burden will increase alongside global population growth.
Incidence and Etiology of Sudden Cardiac Death: New Updates for Athletic Departments

Context: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in a young athlete is a tragic event and is the leading medical cause of death in this population. The precise incidence of SCD in young athletes has been subject of debate, with studies reporting drastically different rates (1:917,000 athlete-years (AYs) to 1:3000 AYs) depending on the methodological design of the investigation or the targeted population. Evidence Acquisition: A literature search was performed in PubMed using the terms: incidence, sudden cardiac death, sudden death, sudden cardiac arrest, etiology, pathology, registry, athlete, young, children, and adolescents. Articles were reviewed for relevance and included if they contained information on the incidence of SCD in athletes or young persons up to the age of 35 years. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Results: Studies of high quality and rigor consistently yield an incidence of 1:50,000 AYs in college athletes and between 1:50,000 and 1:80,000 AYs for high school athletes, with certain subgroups that appear to be at particularly high risk, including the following: men, basketball players, and African Americans. Initial reports suggest that the most common cause of SCD is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, more comprehensive investigations in the United States and international populations—athletes, nonathletes, and military—support that the most common finding on autopsy in young individuals with SCD is actually a structurally normal heart (autopsy-negative sudden unexplained death). Conclusion: SCD is the leading cause of death in athletes during exercise and usually results from intrinsic cardiac conditions that are triggered by the physiologic demands of vigorous exercise. Current rates of SCD appear to be at least 4 to 5 times higher than previously estimated, with men, African Americans, and male basketball players being at greatest risk. Emerging data suggest that the leading finding associated with SCD in athletes is actually a structurally normal heart (autopsy-negative sudden unexplained death).
Do End Users Accept End User Development?

Do end-users accept end-user development by using enterprise mashups? Using the technology acceptance model, this research investigates the acceptance of the FAST platform, which enables endusers to build their own application by simply drag and drop graphical building blocks onto a canvas. An evaluation workshop of 159 individuals in various countries and locations found strong support of the idea. It was revealed that perceived usefulness strongly affected the attitude towards using enterprise mashups for end-user development. In turn, perceived ease of use did not. With respect to the developed mashup platform it was found that the available content within a mashup platform is the main influencing factor on the acceptance of end-user development by using mashups.
Clinical and Immunological Features of 65 Iranian Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency

ABSTRACT Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent bacterial infections. The records of 65 patients with CVID (37 males and 28 females) in the age range of 24 to 537 months were reviewed. By the year 2003, 11 patients had died and seven patients could not be located. The total follow-up period was 221 patient-years. The median diagnostic delay (time between onset and diagnosis) in our patient group was 60 months. At the time of diagnosis, the baseline serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA levels were below the level normal for the patients' age; the medians for this group were 120, 10, and 0 mg/dl, respectively. All of the patients presented with infectious diseases at the time of onset, the most common of which were otitis media, diarrhea, pneumonia, and sinusitis. Acute and recurrent infections were also found in almost all of the patients, particularly involving respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. The most common infections, before diagnosis and during follow-up, were pneumonia, acute diarrhea, acute sinusitis, and otitis media. CVID should be considered in any patient with a history of recurrent infections and decreased levels of all serum immunoglobulin isotypes.
Electrical responses to acoustic clicks in monkey: extent of neocortex activated.

THE POSTERIOR HALF of the cortex of the supratemporal plane in the monkey has been related to the auditory system by anatomical and electrophysiological techniques (2, 11, 15, 20). One investigation has indicated that the posterior insula also is activated by stimulation of the auditory sysLem (25, 27). Because of the inaccessibility of the supratemporal plane, experimenters usually resect the inferior portions of the frontal and parietal lobe in order to expose the cortex of the inferior bank of the sylvian fissure. I n recent experiments on the cortex of the operculum, insula, and supratemporal plane, the customary resection was abandoned and the sylvian fissure was opened by gentle dissection and retracted by packing (16). The present study was undertaken in order to utilize this procedure in a reinvestigation of the extent of the cortex of monkey activated by acoustic stimulation. The unexplained difference in size between the relatively large area of "auditory cortex" in rodent and carnivore and the comparable area in primate suggested that this new research might prove fruitful. Maps may vary with (i) the dimension of the stimulus or (ii) the criteria of response. For the stimulus, clicks were chosen because they evoke the most nearly consistent electroneural response and appear to activate the cortex extensively. With electrical responses the experimenters must determine which aspects of the responses are to be employed in mapping the cortex. (Since the techniques chosen were used to measure the activity of large populations of responding elements, all-or-none measurements could be made only when "all" and "none" were delimited.) In this study the effect of ::coustic clicks of various intensities on the electrical activity of the neocortex of the monkey was mapped in terms of various criteria. The resulting congruence and incongruence of maps provides topics for discussion.
Comparative effects of dimethoate and deltamethrin on reproductive system in male mice

The effects of dimethoate (5, 15 and 28 mg kg−1 day−1), deltamethrin (5 mg kg−1 day−1) and their mixture (5 mg kg−1 day−1) on male reproduction in mice were studied. The insecticides were given orally by gavage to male mice for 21 days. At the end of the treatment period, body, testes and epididymides weights and sperm parameters were determined. Alone mixture treatment has significantly decreased body weights. Dimethoate at 28 mg kg−1 day−1, deltamethrin at 5 mg kg−1 day−1 and their mixture at 5 mg kg−1 day−1 were associated with a significantly decreased sperm count, motility and viability and significantly increased percent morphologically abnormal spermatozoa compared with the controls. This study demonstrated the adverse effects of dimethoate at high dose, deltamethrin and their combining at 5 mg kg−1 day−1 on reproductive system and sperm parameters in male mice.
Functional analysis of novel Rab GTPases identified in the proteome of purified Legionella‐containing vacuoles from macrophages

The opportunistic pathogen Legionella pneumophila employs the Icm/Dot type IV secretion system and ∼300 different effector proteins to replicate in macrophages and amoebae in a distinct ‘Legionella‐containing vacuole’ (LCV). LCVs from infected RAW 264.7 macrophages were enriched by immuno‐affinity separation and density gradient centrifugation, using an antibody against the L. pneumophila effector SidC, which specifically binds to the phosphoinositide PtdIns(4)P on the pathogen vacuole membrane. The proteome of purified LCVs was determined by mass spectro‐metry (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000647). The proteomics analysis revealed more than 1150 host proteins, including 13 small GTPases of the Rab family. Using fluorescence microscopy, 6 novel Rab proteins were confirmed to localize on pathogen vacuoles harbouring wild‐type but not ΔicmT mutant L. pneumophila. Individual depletion of 20 GTPases by RNA interference indicated that endocytic GTPases (Rab5a, Rab14 and Rab21) restrict intracellular growth of L. pneumophila, whereas secretory GTPases (Rab8a, Rab10 and Rab32) implicated in Golgi‐endosome trafficking promote bacterial replication. Upon silencing of Rab21 or Rab32, fewer LCVs stained positive for Rab4 or Rab9, implicated in secretory or retrograde trafficking respectively. Moreover, depletion of Rab8a, Rab14 or Rab21 significantly decreased the number of SidC‐positive LCVs, suggesting that PtdIns(4)P is reduced under these conditions. L. pneumophila proteins identified in purified LCVs included proteins putatively implicated in phosphorus metabolism and as many as 60 Icm/Dot‐translocated effectors, which are likely required early during infection. Taken together, the phagocyte and Legionella proteomes of purified LCVs lay the foundation for further hypothesis‐driven investigations of the complex process of pathogen vacuole formation.
A comparison of three methods of orienting cervical punch biopsies.

AIMS: To compare methods of orienting cervical punch biopsies, since well oriented biopsies are needed to optimise the diagnosis and grading of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. METHODS: The orientation, the presence and preservation of the squamocolumnar junction, and the presence or absence of the surface layers of the squamous epithelium were compared in 345 cervical biopsies that had either been attached to paper (n = 112), floated directly into 10% formalin (n = 107), or floated into a solution of 10% formalin including 0.05% eosin (n = 126) in the colposcopy clinic. RESULTS: When the specimens were mounted on filter paper before fixation, they were more likely to be optimally oriented, to have a preserved squamocolumnar junction, and to have intact surface epithelium than specimens that were handled using the other methods, even when the specimens floated off the paper in transit. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical biopsy specimens should be mounted on paper before fixation and submission to the laboratory.
Protein roadblocks and helix discontinuities are barriers to the initiation of mismatch repair

The hemimethylated d(GATC) sequence that directs Escherichia coli mismatch repair can reside on either side of a mismatch at a separation distance of 1,000 bp or more. Initiation of repair involves the mismatch-, MutS-, and MutL-dependent activation of MutH endonuclease, which incises the unmethylated strand at the d(GATC) sequence, with the ensuing strand break serving as the loading site for the appropriate 3′-to-5′ or 5′-to-3′ excision system. However, the mechanism responsible for the coordinated recognition of the mismatch and a hemimodified d(GATC) site is uncertain. We show that a protein roadblock (EcoRIE111Q, a hydrolytically defective form of EcoRI endonuclease) placed on the helix between the two DNA sites inhibits MutH activation by 70–80% and that events that escape inhibition are attributable, at least in part, to diffusion of EcoRIE111Q away from its recognition site. We also demonstrate that a double-strand break located within the shorter path linking the mismatch and a d(GATC) site in a circular heteroduplex abolishes MutH activation, whereas a double-strand break within the longer path is without effect. These findings support the idea that initiation of mismatch repair involves signaling along the helix contour.
Exercise Training as a Therapy for Chronic Heart Failure: Can Older People Benefit?

Despite recent advances in pharmacological therapy, chronic heart failure remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in older people. Studies of exercise training in younger, carefully selected patients with heart failure have shown improvements in symptoms and exercise capacity and in many pathophysiological aspects of heart failure, including skeletal myopathy, ergoreceptor function, heart rate variability, endothelial function, and cytokine expression. Data on mortality and hospitalization are lacking, and effects on everyday activity, depression, and quality of life are unclear. Exercise therapy for patients with heart failure appears to be safe and has the potential to improve function and quality of life in older people with heart failure. To realize these potential benefits, exercise programs that are suitable for older, frail people need to be established and tested in an older, frail, unselected population with comorbidities.
The role of memory in document re-finding

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore graduate students’ behaviour and perspectives regarding personal digital document management, as well as insights into the connections between memory and document re-finding. Design/methodology/approach – Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 graduate students studying information and library science. The interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed. The transcripts were analysed using open and axial coding. Findings – Participants were overall positive about the importance of managing their digital documents but they had little knowledge about currently available personal information management (PIM) tools. Characteristics of digital documents frequently used by participants to re-find documents include name, subject, storage location, creation time, keyword, document title, document file type, user’s location and recency. For participants the act of organizing documents is itself a memory aid. Participants’ recommendations for PIM tools.
Depressive Disorders in Primary Care " Prevalence , Functional Disability , and Identification

MEASUREMENTS: The SDS and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) were interviewer-adminlstered by an experienced bilingual research assistant to all subjects in the language of their choice. A physician administered independently the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III diagnosis (SCID) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) to all patients who exceeded a minimum threshold on the SDS and to a randomly selected sample of patients who had subthreshold scores. MDD was defined by DSM-III criteria and SubD was defined as two to four DSM-III criteria, of which one had to be depressed mood or ~,nhedonia.
Arctic Ocean Gravity Field Derived From ERS-1 Satellite Altimetry

The derivation of a marine gravity field from satellite altimetry over permanently ice-covered regions of the Arctic Ocean provides much new geophysical information about the structure and development of the Arctic sea floor. The Arctic Ocean, because of its remote location and perpetual ice cover, remains from a tectonic point of view the most poorly understood ocean basin on Earth. A gravity field has been derived with data from the ERS-1 radar altimeter, including permanently ice-covered regions. The gravity field described here clearly delineates sections of the Arctic Basin margin along with the tips of the Lomonosov and Arctic mid-ocean ridges. Several important tectonic features of the Amerasia Basin are clearly expressed in this gravity field. These include the Mendeleev Ridge; the Northwind Ridge; details of the Chukchi Borderland; and a north-south trending, linear feature in the middle of the Canada Basin that apparently represents an extinct spreading center that "died" in the Mesozoic. Some tectonic models of the Canada Basin have proposed such a failed spreading center, but its actual existence and location were heretofore unknown.
Electrical and mechanical activity of human respiratory muscles during voluntary inspiration.

It has been shown, that in a certain range of inspiration there exists a linear relationship between the total number of electromyogram impulses during inspiration and the first time integral of the muscular inspiratory work of breathing. During one inspiration the number of electrumyogram impulses is increasing in a linear relationship to the pressure impulse.
250-mV Supply Subthreshold CMOS Voltage Reference Using a Low-Voltage Comparator and a Charge-Pump Circuit

This brief proposes a subthreshold CMOS voltage reference circuit, which reduces the minimum supply voltage by replacing the analog amplifier in the conventional CMOS voltage reference circuit with a low-voltage comparator, a charge-pump circuit, and a digital control circuit. The subthreshold CMOS voltage reference circuit was fabricated using a 0.11-μm CMOS process. Its core area was 0.013 mm<sup>2</sup> and it consumed 5.35 μW at V<sub>DD</sub> = 250 mV and f<sub>CLK</sub> = 1 MHz. Its minimum supply voltage was 242 mV. Ten sample chips generated 193-207-mV reference voltage with 0.4-3.2-mV/100-mV line sensitivity at V<sub>DD</sub> = 250-400 mV and 58-186 ppm/°C temperature coefficient at 10 °C-90 °C.
IGFBP2/FAK Pathway Is Causally Associated with Dasatinib Resistance in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-2 (IGFBP2) expression is increased in various types of cancers, including in a subset of patients with lung cancer. Because IGFBP2 is involved in signal transduction of some critical cancer-related pathways, we analyzed the association between IGFBP2 and response to pathway-targeted agents in seven human non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Western blot analysis and ELISA showed that four of the seven NSCLC cell lines analyzed expressed high levels of IGFBP2, whereas the remaining three had barely detectable IGFBP2. Susceptibilities of those seven cell lines to nine anticancer agents targeting to IGF1R, Src, FAK, MEK, and AKT were determined by a dose-dependent cell viability assay. The results showed that high IGFBP2 levels were associated with resistance to dasatinib and, to a lesser degree, to sacaratinib, but not to other agents. Ectopic IGFBP2 overexpression or knockdown revealed that changing IGFBP2 expression levels reversed dasatinib susceptibility phenotype, suggesting a causal relationship between IGFBP2 expression and dasatinib resistance. Molecular characterization revealed that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation was associated with increased IGFBP2 expression and partially contributed to IGFBP2-mediated dasatinib resistance. Treatment with a combination of dasatinib and FAK inhibitor led to enhanced antitumor activity in IGFBP2-overexpressing and dasatinib-resistant NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that the IGFBP2/FAK pathway is causally associated with dasatinib resistance and may be used as biomarkers for identification of dasatinib responders among patients with lung cancer. Simultaneous targeting on Src and FAK will likely improve the therapeutic efficacy of dasatinib for treatment of lung cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(12); 2864–73. ©2013 AACR.
Readiness and Motivation for Change Among Young Women With Broadly Defined Eating Disorders

Readiness and motivation for change were examined in 32 women with broadly defined eating disorders who took part in a 10-week Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)-based group intervention. Readiness for change and eating disorder psychopathology were assessed before and after the intervention. The results revealed significant negative associations between degree of eating disorder symptoms and degree of readiness for change before the intervention started. In particular, higher levels of eating concern, shape concern, and body dissatisfaction were associated with lower motivation for change. No significant associations between degree of readiness for change before the intervention started and changes in eating disorder symptoms at the end of intervention were found. Readiness for change increased from the beginning to the end of the intervention, indicating that group CBT may be a cost-effective and time-efficient way of enhancing readiness and motivation for change in individuals with eating psychopathology.