Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing individual and spatial influences on foraging behaviour in Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella

We investigated intra-specific and geographic variation in the behaviour of female Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella by serially sampling 11 individuals throughout their breeding season using satellite tracking, time-depth recorders and radio transmitters. There was significant variation between individuals in trip durations and the maximum distance reached from the breeding beach, but not in the direction of travel. We recognised 4 categories of trip duration, depending on the location of foraging: long deep-location, long intermediate-location, short intermediate-location and short shallow-location, based on the maximum distance reached from the breeding beach and the mean depth of water where diving occurred. Trip category accounted for a greater amount of the variation between trips than the identity of the seal. Seals on long deep-location trips spent proportionally less time diving, had a lower dive rate, and dived to shallower depths for shorter durations with less bottom time than seals on short shallow-location trips. There was no significant difference in the total number of dives within trips between trip categories or between individual seals. There was also no significant difference in either the mean size of krill taken by individual seals or the incidence of fishes in their diet. These data suggest there is a strong individual component to where a seal forages especially in terms of the distance it travels from the breeding beach. However, we suggest that it is where an individual forages, not who that individual is, that determines how it will behave in terms of its diving. While individual seals may exploit areas of previous feeding success, their diving behaviour within these areas is likely to be determined by the spatial and temporal distribution of the prey within them.
LARGE AMPLITUDE THEORY OF A SHOCK-ACCELERATED INSTABILITY IN COMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS

The interface between fluids of different densities is unstable under acceleration by a shock wave. A previous small amplitude linear theory for the compressible Euler equation failed to provide a quantitatively correct prediction for the growth rate of the unstable interface. In this paper, to include dominant nonlinear effects in a large amplitude regime, we present high-order perturbation equations of the Euler equation, and boundary conditions for the contact interface and shock waves.
Uncovering Cloze Testing Practices in Selected Practice Papers for Primary Schools in Kenya

Reading comprehension is probably the most prominently tested skill in upper primary classes in Kenya. Most test papers, for instance, comprise a fifteen-item cloze test, a fictional passage and a factual one both of which contribute at least twenty items. While the latter two passages mainly focus on the learner’s ability to identify correct answers from the passage, a cloze test taker is expected to provide words that have been omitted deliberately. Assessment may depend on whether the exercise is objective (i.e. students are given multiple choices to use in a cloze) or subjective (i.e. students fill in a cloze with words that would make a given sentence grammatically correct). Consequently, cloze tests require the ability to understand context and vocabulary in order to identify the correct words or type of words that belong in the deleted parts of a text. However, cloze tests are probably the least understood aspect of language testing in schools. Thus, this paper seeks to address the following issues: What aspects of language are tested in cloze tests and how is this done? How are multiple choice questions constructed? What contextual clues are evident in cloze passages? It is hoped that answers to these and other issues could have implications for testing practices and also the development of essential skills for answering such tests.
Trophic ecology of a benthic marine hydroid

The diet and prey capture rate were studied in Campanularia everta (Hydrozoa) in the western Mediterranean Sea during both a 1 yr period and a diel period. A sample of 20 colonies was collected from the thall~ of the alga Halirneda tuna every 2 wk, and the stomach content of 100 polyps was examined. The d ~ e t of C. everta consisted primarily (88%) of particulate organic matter between 30 and 80 pm in size (probably detritus). Zooplankton accounted for only 12% of the diet; the predominant prey items were crustacean eggs, larvae, and fragments, and as well as other benthic invertebrate larvae. In terms of biomass, zooplankton contributed 54% of the diet. The percentage of prey-containing polyps was rather constant at around 70'X over both the annual and diel cycles. Prey capture rates were quite high overall (between 0.6 and 2.7 prey items per polyp) and likewise the number of polyps with prey is remained high throughout the year, with maximum values in autumn and minimum values in summer. Digestion t ~ m c was less than 2 h Prey capture estimates were slightly fewer than 4000 prey m-2 d-l in summer and 800 000 prey m-' d-l in winter. Accordingly, C. everta may ingest a mean of 1925 pg C m-2 d. ' in particulate organic matter and 2260 pg C m-' d ' in zooplankton each year, representing a total of 1528 mg (: m-2 yrrl Each pg C of polyps (somatic biomass) ingests a mean value of 69.6 1-19 C of prey per year. These figures suggest that the contribution of hydroids to the transfer of energy from the plankton to the benthos in littoral systems may be much hlgher than that suggested by hydroid biomass values themselves
Neotectonics of the Sumatran fault, Indonesia

The 1900-km-long, trench-parallel Sumatran fault accommodates a significant amount of the right-lateral component of oblique convergence between the Eurasian and Indian/Australian plates from 10°N to 7°S. Our detailed map of the fault, compiled from topographic maps and stereographic aerial photographs, shows that unlike many other great strike-slip faults, the Sumatran fault is highly segmented. Cross-strike width of step overs between the 19 major subaerial segments is commonly many kilometers. The influence of these step overs on historical seismic source dimensions suggests that the dimensions of future events will also be influenced by fault geometry. Geomorphic offsets along the fault range as high as ~20 km and may represent the total offset across the fault. If this is so, other structures must have accommodated much of the dextral component of oblique convergence during the past few million years. Our analysis of stretching of the forearc region, near the southern tip of Sumatra, constrains the combined dextral slip on the Sumatran and Mentawai faults to be no more than 100 km in the past few million years. The shape and location of the Sumatran fault and the active volcanic arc are highly correlated with the shape and character of the underlying subducting oceanic lithosphere. Nonetheless, active volcanic centers of the Sumatran volcanic arc have not influenced noticeably the geometry of the active Sumatran fault. On the basis of its geologic history and pattern of deformation, we divide the Sumatran plate margin into northern, central and southern domains. We support previous proposals that the geometry and character of the subducting Investigator fracture zone are affecting the shape and evolution of the Sumatran fault system within the central domain. The southern domain is the most regular. The Sumatran fault there comprises six right-stepping segments. This pattern indicates that the overall trend of the fault deviates 4° clockwise from the slip vector between the two blocks it separates. The regularity of this section and its association with the portion of the subduction zone that generated the giant (M_w 9) earthquake of 1833 suggest that a geometrically simple subducting slab results in both simple strike-slip faulting and unusually large subduction earthquakes.
Histopathological changes in the gonads, liver, and kidney of Glossogobius giuris exposed to sub-lethal concentration of diazinon

The organophosphorus insecticide, diazinon that is widely used in agricultural field and private industrial premises to control pests, easily accumulates in aquatic ecosystems and exerts toxic effects on aquatic animals. The study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity (LC 50 ) of diazinon on Glossogobius giuris and histopathological alterations of its gonads, liver and kidney due to the effect of this insecticide. G. giuris were exposed to different concentrations of diazinon ranging from 0.00025 ppm to 2.048 ppm with parallel untreated control. At the doses of 0.0005 ppm, 0.001 ppm, 0.002 ppm, and 0.004 ppm 40%, 50%, 70%, and 90% mortality of G. giuris were observed within 96 hrs, respectively, whereas, 100% mortality was observed at doses above 0.008 ppm. Based on probit analysis, the LC 50 value of diazinon for 96 hrs of exposure on G. giuris was found as 0.001 ppm. During the exposure trial several behavioral alterations including restlessness, sudden and quick movements, loss of equilibrium, increased opercular activities and paralysis were observed in the fish. The histopathological changes observed in the tissues of G. giuris indicate that sub lethal concentration as well as higher concentration caused moderate to severe alterations in the liver, kidney as well as gonads. Kidney was found to be the most seriously affected organ compared to gonads and liver. Major histopathological changes like fragmentation of testis and ovary with ruptured wall, karyolysis, hypertrophy, pyknosis and degenerative changes such as necrosis of tubular and haematopoietic cells of kidney, necrotic hepatocytes, pyknosis, hypertrophy, haemorrhage and vacuolation were observed in the liver cells. The present study demonstrated that diazinon is highly toxic especially to G. giuris and thus, indiscriminate use of this insecticide in the agriculture and industrial sectors should be strictly controlled. Progressive Agriculture 27 (4): 530-538, 2016
Investigation of GNSS Integrity Augmentation Synergies with Unmanned Aircraft Systems Sense-and-Avoid

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) can support the development of low-cost and high performance navigation and guidance architectures for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and, in conjunction with suitable data link technologies, the provision of Automated Dependent Surveillance (ADS) functionalities for cooperative Sense-and-Avoid (SAA). In non-cooperative SAA, the adoption of GNSS can also provide the key positioning and, in some cases, attitude data (using multiple antennas) required for automated collision avoidance. A key limitation of GNSS for both cooperative (ADS) and non-cooperative applications is represented by the achievable levels of integrity. Therefore, an Avionics Based Integrity Augmentation (ABIA) solution is proposed to support the development of an Integrity-Augmented SAA (IAS) architecture suitable for both cooperative and non-cooperative scenarios. The performances of this IAS architecture were investigated in representative simulation case studies by testing the ability of the SAA system to exploit the predictive (caution) and reactive (warning) integrity flags generated by ABIA. Additionally, the ABIA False Alarm Rate (FAR) and Detection Probability (DP) performances were examined and an initial evaluation of the complementarity with Space-Based and Ground-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS/GBAS) was accomplished. Simulation results show that the proposed IAS architecture is capable of performing high-integrity conflict detection and resolution when GNSS is used as the primary source of navigation data and there is a clear synergy with state-ofthe art SBAS/GBAS in all applicable flight phases.
Helicobacter pylori infection in gastrectomy specimens

The gastrectomy specimens of 46 patients were re-examined microscopically. Twenty-eight of the 31 patients with malignant gastric tumors had gastric carcinoma. Seven (25%) of these had H. pylori infection. Nine patients had gastric ulcer and six had duodenal ulcer. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in this group (of benign diseases) was 47% (7/15). The prevalence of H. pylori infection is lower than expected in H. pylori-related gastric diseases. The difference between the prevalences of H. pylori infection in benign and malignant gastric diseases was not statistically significant. Our conclusions are that diffuse type gastric garcinoma is more correlated with H. pylori infection than the intestinal-type and that the diffuse-type gastric carcinoma tends to occur closer to pylorus than does the intestinal-type. This differs from those of the reviewed literature. We therefore suggest that H. pylori-related diseases in Turkey may have extraordinary features and that more extensive studies be carried out.
Which Reforms Work and Under What Institutional Environment: Evidence from a New Dataset on Structural Reforms

Abstract Are structural reforms growth enhancing? Is the effectiveness of reforms constrained by a country's distance from the technology frontier or by its institutional environment? This paper takes a new and comprehensive look at these questions by employing a novel data set that includes several kinds of real (trade, agriculture, and networks) and financial (domestic finance, banking, securities, and capital account) reforms for an extensive list of developed and developing countries, going back to the early 1970s. First-pass evidence based on growth breaks analysis and on panel growth regressions suggests that on average, both real and financial sector reforms are positively associated with higher growth. However, on several occasions, botched reforms resulted in growth disasters. More important, the positive reform-growth relationship is shown to be highly heterogeneous and to be influenced by a country's constraints on the authority of the executive power and by its distance from the technology fro.
Radio haloes in nearby galaxies modelled with 1D cosmic ray transport using SPINNAKER

We present radio continuum maps of 12 nearby (D ≤ 27 Mpc), edge-on (i ≥ 76? ), latetypespiral galaxies mostly at 1.4 and 5 GHz, observed with the Australia Telescope CompactArray, Very LargeArray, Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, Effelsberg 100-m, and Parkes64-m telescopes. All galaxies show clear evidence of radio haloes, including the first detectionin the Magellanic-type galaxy NGC 55. In 11 galaxies, we find a thin and a thick discthat can be better fitted by exponential rather than Gaussian functions. We fit our SPINNAKER(SPectral INdex Numerical Analysis of K(c)osmic-ray Electron Radio-emission) 1D cosmicray transport models to the vertical model profiles of the non-thermal intensity and to thenon-thermal radio spectral index in the halo. We simultaneously fit for the advection speed (ordiffusion coefficient) and magnetic field scale height. In the thick disc, the magnetic field scaleheights range from 2 to 8 kpc with an average across the sample of 3.0 ± 1.7 kpc; they showno correlation with either star formation rate (SFR), SFR surface density (Σ SFR), or rotationspeed (Vrot). The advection speeds range from 100 to 700 km s-1 and display correlations ofV α SFR0.36±0.06 and V α Σ0. 39±0.09 SFR; they agree remarkably well with the escape velocities(0.5 ≤ V/Vesc ≤ 2), which can be explained by cosmic ray-driven winds. Radio haloes showthe presence of disc winds in galaxies with ΣSFR > 10-3Mo˙yr-1 kpc-2 that extend overseveral kpc and are driven by processes related to the distributed star formation in the disc.
Reducing False Positive Feigning Classifications on the SIRS among Criminal Defendants with a History of Trauma

Clinical research has demonstrated that individuals with a traumatic history elevate scales on the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS; Rogers, Bagby, & Dickens, 1992) leading to their misclassification as malingerers. Rogers, Payne, Correa, Gillard, and Ross (2009) created the trauma index (TI) by summing 3 SIRS scales to reduce the number of false positives in a severely traumatized sample. The TI was included as an additional criterion in determining feigning. The TI has not been studied using a forensic sample. Fifty-one adult male criminal defendants were identified as malingering by the SIRS with a final sample of 5 definite cases and 5 marginal cases that met the criteria set forth by Rogers et al. (2009). Detailed profiles were created for each case and individuals were classified as either feigning or honest respondents. Four cases were classified as honest respondents who would benefit from the inclusion of the TI into the SIRS criteria and 5 cases were identified as likely feigners who would be misclassified by the inclusion of the TI with the final case being inconclusive. Practical implications concerning the utility of the TI as an additional SIRS classification criterion in forensic samples
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) DDL as an " Internalization " of Dynamic Belief

In this paper we re-evaluate Segerberg’s “full DDL” (Dynamic Doxastic Logic) from the perspective of Dynamic Epistemic Logic (DEL), in its beliefrevision-friendly incarnation. We argue that a correct version of full DDL must give up the Success Postulate for dynamic revision. Next, we present (an appropriately generalized and simplified version of) full DDL, showing that it is a generalization of the so-called Topo-logic of Moss and Parikh. We construct AGM-friendly versions of full DDL, corresponding to various revising/contracting operations considered in the Belief Revision literature. We show that DDL can internalize inside one model the “external” doxastic dynamics of DEL, as well as the evidential dynamics investigated by van Benthem and Pacuit. In our Conclusions section, we compare three styles of modeling doxastic dynamics: DDL, DEL and PDL/ETL (the Propositional Dynamic Logic approach, with its Epistemic Temporal Logic variant).
The role of the school in transitioning young people into vocational training in selected secondary schools in Gwanda District

This paper sought to assess the role of the school in transitioning young people into vocational training in selected secondary schools in Gwanda district. Many young people are completing secondary school education without skills needed to live independently or contribute meaningfully to society‟s daily demands. With the ever increasing job demands on technical skills young people need to be prepared for specialised technical jobs. The research sought to assess the role of the school system in preparing youths who can effectively compete in the labour market. The major challenge youths face is unemployment due to their unemployability. It is therefore imperative, to prepare them for vocational training and ultimately for lifelong employment. The teaching of technical and vocational subjects prepares youths for the labour market as well as increasing their chances of becoming professionals. Through the learning of technical and vocational subjects, youths are empowered to make choices for their future careers and realise the benefits of possessing knowledge of technical and vocational skills. The study evaluated the role played by the education system in preparing youths for working life. A descriptive survey was used to obtain respondents‟ views. The study used questionnaire, structured interview schedule and observation guide in the data collection process to promote triangulation. The study recommends the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education to come up with a clear policy guiding the implementation of technical and vocational curricula in secondary schools. The study findings reveal that secondary schools had no suitably qualified technical and vocational teachers, thus inadequate time was allocated to technical and vocational subjects. To keep pace with global trends, the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education should also seriously consider the use of computers/IT in the instruction of technical and vocational subjects.
The effect of chirped intense femtosecond laser pulses on the Argon cluster

The interaction of intense femtosecond laser pulses with atomic Argon clusters has been investigated by using nano-plasma model. Based on the dynamic simulations, ionization process, heating and expansion of a cluster after irradiation by femtosecond laser pulses at intensities up to 2*1017 Wcm-2 are studied. The analytical calculation provides ionization ratefor different mechanisms and time evolution of the density of electrons for different pulse shapes. In this approach the strong dependence of laser intensity, pulse duration and laser shape on the electron energy, the electron density and the cluster size are presented using the intense chirped laser pulses. Based on the presented theoretical modifications, the effect of chirped laser pulse on the complex dynamical process of the interaction is studied. It is found that the energy of electrons and the radius of cluster for the negatively chirped pulsesare improved up to 20% in comparison to the unchirped and positively chirped pulses.
The Relationship Between Reader Response and Prior Knowledge on African American Students’ Reading Comprehension Performance Using Multicultural Literature

Educators receive numerous strategies to engage reluctant readers (L'Allier & Elish-Piper, 2007). Most methods involve motivating through student interest. It is important to consider cultural context when engaging reluctant readers. This study asks which is the stronger indicator of comprehension performance for 117 eighth grade African American students: interest or prior knowledge. A repeated measure design was used to investigate within-group variability of students at different achievement levels. The quantitative analysis explored the effects of cultural orientation of texts, prior achievement, and prior knowledge on students' comprehension performance. The results reveal prior knowledge as a consistently stronger indicator of comprehension.
Environmental Barriers and Correlations of Self-Rated Driving Confidence among Older Malaysian Drivers

As population age, it is becoming more important to identify the environmental aspects of driving among the older persons. This study aims to investigate the driving confidence and the influence of environmental barriers on driving among older Malaysian drivers. The cross-sectional data was obtained via face-to-face interview protocol. A total of 400 older adults aged 50 years and above were used in the quota sampling stratified by gender and age in the states of Perak and Selangor. Multiple Linear Regression analysis showed the ten predictor variables (gender, ethnicity, employment status, self-rated health status, driving ability, psychomotor ability, driving distance, weekly driving frequency, driving knowledge, perceived environmental barriers) which accounted for 32.1 percent of variance in driving confidence (F = 18.28, p < 0.05). Information about the determinants of driving confidence and environmental factors is significant providing insights for future road planning system and as input for driving training programs.