Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cohort Study of p 27 Localization in Colon Cancer , Body Mass Index , and Patient Survival

Energy balance and the AKT pathway are important in colorectal cancer development and regulate p27 (cyclindependent kinase inhibitor-1B/CDKN1B/KIP1), which plays a role in preventing cell cycle progression. However, little is known on the clinical outcome or prognostic significance of p27 alterations in relation to patient body mass index (BMI). Among 630 colon cancers (stage I-IV) in two prospective cohort studies, we detected p27 alterations (cytoplasmic p27 localization or p27 loss) in 500 tumors (79%) by immunohistochemistry. The remaining 130 (21%) tumors were “p27-nuclear+. ” Cox proportional hazard models computed hazard ratios (HR) of deaths, adjusted for patient and tumoral characteristics, including p53, p21, cyclin D1, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, cyclooxygenase-2, fatty acid synthase (FASN), β-catenin, microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) hypomethylation. Compared with p27-nuclear+ patients, p27-altered patients experienced low colon cancer–specific [adjusted HR, 0.63; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.42-0.94] and overall mortality (adjusted HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.510.95), independent of FASN, MSI, CIMP, LINE-1 methylation, and other potential confounders. The effect of p27 alteration on overall mortality significantly differed by BMI (Pinteraction = 0.013); adjusted HR (p27-altered versus p27-nuclear+ tumors) was 0.28 (95% CI, 0.130.59) for BMI ≥30 kg/m, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.40-1.14) for BMI 25 to 29 kg/m, and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.57-1.46) for BMI <25 kg/m. Obesity was associated with inferior overall survival among p27-nuclear+ cases (adjusted HR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.49-6.32; versus nonobese cases), but not among p27-altered cases (adjusted HR, 1.08). In conclusion, p27 alterations in colon cancer are associated with superior prognosis. Adverse prognostic effect of obesity seems limited to patients with nuclear p27 expression, suggesting a host-tumor interaction. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(6):1849–58)
Poor Outcomes in Elderly Kidney Transplant Recipients Receiving Alemtuzumab Induction

Introduction: Alemtuzumab and rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) are being used with increasing frequency as induction agents in kidney transplantation. Using the US Renal Data Base System, we analyzed the safety profile of these agents in the elderly. Methods: In a cohort of patients transplanted from January 2000 to July 2009 and followed through 2009, we assessed the effect of induction on allograft loss and death among elderly recipients. Recipients were censored at dates of allograft loss, death or the end of study. Independent associations between induction agents and allograft loss or death were examined using multivariate analysis with forward stepwise Cox regression. Results: Among 130,402 patients with first transplants, 14,907 were age 65 years or older. 4,466 (30%), 3,049 (20.5%), 1,501 (10.1%), and 999 (6.7%) were induced with thymoglobulin, basiliximab, daclizumab, and alemtuzumab, respectively. After adjusting for baseline differences, induction with alemtuzumab was associated with an increased risk of graft loss and death, with an adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) of 1.26 (95% CI 1.08–1.48). Risk was also present at other age cutoffs [age >60 (AHR 1.16; 95% CI 1.03–1.31; p = 0.014), age >70 (AHR 1.43; 95% CI 1.13–1.81; p = 0.003) and age >75 (AHR 1.68; 95% CI 1.07–2.63; p = 0.024)]. Conclusions: In the elderly, alemtuzumab is associated with an escalating risk of death and graft loss in recipients of kidney transplantations.
Single-port access transaxillary totally endoscopic thyroidectomy: a new approach for minimally invasive thyroid operation.

PURPOSE Various techniques for minimally invasive thyroid surgery have been described over the last decade. As interest in single-port access laparoscopic surgery (SPA™) continues to grow, the authors present their technique and short-term outcomes for single-port access transaxillary totally endoscopic thyroidectomy in the management of benign thyroid tumors in a series of 4 patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Four consecutive patients from a prospectively maintained endoscopic thyroidectomy database were analyzed under an institutional review board-approved protocol. Clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS All the patients were young women with no prior neck surgery. A single-port totally endoscopic thyroidectomy was performed for thyroid adenoma in 2 cases and for nodular goiter in 2 cases. Retraction, exposure, and extraction were possible in all cases. The average operating room time was 92.5 minutes. Postoperative pain scores on postoperative day 1 were all 1/10. No patient experienced complications. The median hospital stay was 1.75 days. The mean specimen size was 2.7 cm × 2.375 cm × 2.625 cm. The patients were uniformly pleased with the cosmetic results of the operation. CONCLUSIONS Single-port access transaxillary totally endoscopic partial thyroidectomy appears to be safe and feasible. This technique may provide both an attractive way to reduce injury to the anterior neck tissue and a method for ideal cosmetic effect.
Raltitrexed (Tomudex®): An Alternative Choice in Patients Intolerant to 5-Fluorouracil

Raltitrexed (Tomudex®), a classical folate antagonist, is a selective inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (TS). It has significant single-agent activity in metastatic colorectal cancer. Severe life-threatening toxicity related to the administration of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin is described in two patients, both of whom were not deficient in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. Raltitrexed was administered to both patients with clinically acceptable side effects and allowed a TS inhibitor to be administered as part of an adjuvant program.
Adrenocortical Steroids in Small-for-Gestational-Age Term Infants during the Early Neonatal Period1,2

ABSTRACT: We evaluated adrenocortical steroid concentrations at birth and during postnatal adaptation (2 h until 7 days) in 10 vaginally delivered term small-for-gestational- age (SGA) infants and 12 term appropriate-forgestational age infants. Plasma aldosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol, and cortisone were longitudinally measured by specific RIA after Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. Mean aldosterone was significantly higher in SGA than in appropriate-for-gestationalage infants (2 h to 7 days; p<0.001). In SGA infants, cortisone and cortisol levels were significantly lower in umbilical artery (p<0.05), and all glucocorticoid levels were significantly lower 12 h after birth (p<0.05). Thereafter (24 h to 7 days), only 11-deoxycortisol levels remained significantly lower in SGA; corticosterone and cortisol levels were even higher (p<0.05) in SGA 24 h after birth. The data suggest that SGA infants maintain high aldosterone levels throughout the 1st wk of life. Low cortisol and cortisone levels in umbilical artery as well as low glucocorticoid levels at 2 h and/or 12 h compared to term appropriate-for-gestational-age infants may reflect either a less stressful postnatal adaptation or, more likely, a reduced adrenocortical synthesis in term SGA infants.
Mitochondrial diversity evaluated by the single strand conformation polymorphism method in African and North American house flies (Musca domestica L.)

Single strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCPs) provide a convenient and inexpensive method of surveying mitochondrial genetic variation in large samples. We investigated how much variation should be incorporated into such surveys by scoring SSCP variation at eight mitochondrial loci in each of four sub‐Saharan African and four North American house fly (Diptera: Muscidae.) populations. Hierarchical analysis of diversity was performed on haplotype frequencies at each locus and on haplotype frequencies formed by combining haplotypes from two, three, four, five and eight loci. Composite haplotypes at two loci were as informative about population structure as those composed of a greater number of loci. Increasing the number of loci increased diversity estimates within, but not between, populations. Mean composite haplotype diversities (16S2 and COII) were 0.49 ± 0.09 among the African populations and 0.32 ± 0.08 among the North American populations. Only two of 16 haplotypes were shared between continents. Nei's genetic differentiation statistic between populations in continents GPC was 0.30 ± 0.06 and mean genetic differentiation between continents GCT was 0.39 ± 0.06. We conclude that there has been little detectable gene flow between North America and sub‐Saharan Africa.
Prevalence, serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella isolates from apparently healthy camels in Canary Islands (Spain).

The prevalence, serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella strains isolated from apparently healthy camels in Canary Islands (Spain) were determined. A total of 52 camels from 3 different farms were tested for the carriage of Salmonella spp. in their faeces. Salmonella was detected in 9 (17.3 %) of the samples. All of the isolates were characterized as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Frintrop. Feed (oat, alfalfa, wheat straw and maize) and water were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Limete was isolated from water, while all feed samples tested negative. All isolates were susceptible to all of the tested antimicrobial agents, which included ampicillin, amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, piperacillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These results suggest that some sanitary measures should be taken for veterinarians and animal handlers in order to minimise the potential risk of acquiring Salmonella zoonoses from Camels.
Critical fluctuations in domain-forming lipid mixtures

Critical fluctuations are investigated in lipid membranes near miscibility critical points in bilayers composed of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, chain perdeuterated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol. Phase boundaries are mapped over the temperature range from 10°C to 60°C by deuterium NMR. Tie-lines and three-phase triangles are evaluated across two-phase and three-phase regions, respectively. In addition, a line of miscibility critical points is identified. NMR resonances are broadened in the vicinity of critical points, and broadening is attributed to increased transverse relaxation rates arising from modulation of chain order with correlation times on a microsecond time scale. We conclude that spectral broadening arises from composition fluctuations in the membrane plane with dimensions of <50 nm and speculate that similar fluctuations are commonly found in cholesterol-containing membranes.
Increased viral load correlates with improved survival in HPV-16-associated tonsil carcinoma patients

Conclusion. Our results indicate that viral load may serve as an independent prognostic indicator for patients with HPV-16-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil. Objective. HPV-16 has gained increasing attention as a possible causative agent for squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil. Recent reports have indicated that the viral load within the tumor, along with other factors, may be correlated to the patient survival. In this study, we sought to examine HPV-16 viral load as an independent prognostic indicator. Patients and methods. DNA was extracted from 35 tonsil carcinoma samples and the viral load was determined by real-time PCR. The patients were divided into four groups according to HPV-16 viral load. The correlation between viral load and recurrence, disease-free survival, and overall survival was assessed. Results. We found that HPV-positive patients with the highest viral loads had improved overall and disease-free survival. Recurrences of squamous cell carcinoma were significantly less likely to occur with increasing viral load.
Pharmacokinetics and inflammatory fluid penetration of sparfloxacin

A single 400-mg oral dose of sparfloxacin was given to each of six healthy male volunteers, and the concentrations of the drug were measured in plasma, cantharides-induced inflammatory fluid, and urine over the subsequent 52 h. The mean peak concentration in plasma of 1.6 micrograms/ml was attained at a mean time of 2.7 h postdose. The mean peak concentration in inflammatory fluid of 1.3 micrograms/ml was attained at a mean time of 5 h postdose. The mean elimination half-life in plasma was 17.6 h, and that in inflammatory fluid was 19.7 h. The overall penetration into inflammatory fluid was 117%. Urinary recovery within the first 52 h postdose was 8.8% of the administered dose. Our results indicate that a once-daily dosage of sparfloxacin should be adequate to treat systemic infections caused by most common bacterial pathogens.
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) Plays a Role in Pasteurella multocida Toxin (PMT)-induced Protein Synthesis and Proliferation in Swiss 3T3 Cells*

Background: Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) is a highly mitogenic bacterial protein whose detailed mechanism is not well understood. Results: PMT deamidates and activates Gαq/11 leading to mTORC1 activation. Conclusion: Gαq/11/PLCβ/PKC-mediated mTORC1 activation is at least partially responsible for PMT-induced cell growth, migration, and proliferation in Swiss 3T3 cells. Significance: Understanding PMT-induced mTORC1 activation could help elucidate mechanisms of oncogene regulation. Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) is a potent mitogen known to activate several signaling pathways via deamidation of a conserved glutamine residue in the α subunit of heterotrimeric G-proteins. However, the detailed mechanism behind mitogenic properties of PMT is unknown. Herein, we show that PMT induces protein synthesis, cell migration, and proliferation in serum-starved Swiss 3T3 cells. Concomitantly PMT induces phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K1) and its substrate, ribosomal S6 protein (rpS6), in quiescent 3T3 cells. The extent of the phosphorylation is time and PMT concentration dependent, and is inhibited by rapamycin and Torin1, the two specific inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Interestingly, PMT-mediated mTOR signaling activation was observed in MEF WT but not in Gαq/11 knock-out cells. These observations are consistent with the data indicating that PMT-induced mTORC1 activation proceeds via the deamidation of Gαq/11, which leads to the activation of PLCβ to generate diacylglycerol and inositol trisphosphate, two known activators of the PKC pathway. Exogenously added diacylglycerol or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, known activators of PKC, leads to rpS6 phosphorylation in a rapamycin-dependent manner. Furthermore, PMT-induced rpS6 phosphorylation is inhibited by PKC inhibitor, Gö6976. Although PMT induces epidermal growth factor receptor activation, it exerts no effect on PMT-induced rpS6 phosphorylation. Together, our findings reveal for the first time that PMT activates mTORC1 through the Gαq/11/PLCβ/PKC pathway. The fact that PMT-induced protein synthesis and cell migration is partially inhibited by rapamycin indicates that these processes are in part mediated by the mTORC1 pathway.
Integrative analysis of the colorectal cancer proteome: potential clinical impact

ABSTRACT Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the common types of cancer that affects a significant proportion of the population and is a major contributor to cancer related mortality. The relatively poor survival rate of CRC could be improved through the identification of clinically useful biomarkers. Areas covered: This review highlights the need for biomarkers and discusses recent proteomics discoveries in the aspects of CRC clinical practice including diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, screening and molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE). Studies have been evaluated in relation to biomarker target, methodology, sample selection, limitations, and potential impact. Finally, the progress in proteomic approaches is briefly discussed and the main difficulties facing the translation of proteomics biomarkers into the clinical practice are highlighted. Expert commentary: The establishment of specific guidelines, best practice recommendations and the improvement in proteomic strategies will significantly improve the prospects for developing clinically useful biomarkers.
Stimulus‐specific adaptation to visual but not auditory motion direction in the barn owl's optic tectum

Whether the auditory and visual systems use a similar coding strategy to represent motion direction is an open question. We investigated this question in the barn owl's optic tectum (OT) testing stimulus‐specific adaptation (SSA) to the direction of motion. SSA, the reduction of the response to a repetitive stimulus that does not generalize to other stimuli, has been well established in OT neurons. SSA suggests a separate representation of the adapted stimulus in upstream pathways. So far, only SSA to static stimuli has been studied in the OT. Here, we examined adaptation to moving auditory and visual stimuli. SSA to motion direction was examined using repeated presentations of moving stimuli, occasionally switching motion to the opposite direction. Acoustic motion was either mimicked by varying binaural spatial cues or implemented in free field using a speaker array. While OT neurons displayed SSA to motion direction in visual space, neither stimulation paradigms elicited significant SSA to auditory motion direction. These findings show a qualitative difference in how auditory and visual motion is processed in the OT and support the existence of dedicated circuitry for representing motion direction in the early stages of visual but not the auditory system.
Effect of Load Changes on Hybrid Shipboard Power Systems and Energy Storage as a Potential Solution: A Review

More electric technologies (METs) play an important role in meeting ever-growing demands for energy efficiency and emission reduction in the maritime transportation sector. As a result, ships with electrical power transmission are becoming popular compared to traditional mechanical power transmission based ships. Hybrid electric propulsion is an intermediate step in this trend where both mechanical and electrical propulsion technologies are combined to get the benefits of both technologies. In this arrangement, not only the propulsion loads but also non-propulsion loads are connected to a common electrical power bus that could lead to serious power quality issues due to disturbances such as large load changes. This paper presents a comprehensive review on energy storage-based solutions that have been proposed to reduce their effects. The important aspects of existing as well as emerging energy storage control techniques and challenges in reducing transient effects in hybrid shipboard power systems with the use of energy storage are discussed in the paper.
Deep Multi-Similarity Hashing for Multi-label Image Retrieval

mage retrieval based on deep hashing methods has attracted more and more attentions from both academic and industry, due to the out-standing performance of deep neural network in various tasks of computer vision. However, most of the hashing methods are designed to learn simple similarity only for single-label image retrieval, thus cannot work well for the multi-label cases. In this paper, we proposed a framework named Deep Multi-Similarity Hashing (DMSH) method to learn semantic binary representations for multi-label image retrieval task. In the proposed model, a convolutional architecture is incorporated with hash function to learn compact binary representations from every pair of images with multiple labels. On the purposed of learning semantic structure of multi-label images, we define the pairwise loss for multi-label image pairs, which is influenced by zero-loss interval under the control of the number of common labels. The objective loss function consists of hashing quantification loss and pairwise loss for multi-label images, which pays more attention to high-level similarity than low-level similarity during the training process. Furthermore, our proposed model is flexible to be implemented with various deep networks. Experiments on large scale dataset NUS-WIDE have proved the state-of-the-art performance of our proposed DMSH model in the task of multi-label image retrieval.
Comorbidity of Asthma With ADHD

Objective: To assess how frequently drugs used to treat asthma and ADHD are prescribed to the same patients. Method: The authors used data from the Norwegian Prescription Database for 2006, including the total Norwegian population (n = 4,640,219). Results: Anti-asthma drugs were prescribed to 350,894 persons (7.56 % of the population), anti-ADHD drugs to 18,481 persons (0.40 %), and both to 1,730 persons. There was a 65% increased overall risk (OR = 1.65) of being prescribed one of the drugs given a prescription of the other. Women had a markedly higher risk than men. When data for each age group (10 years interval) and each gender were analyzed separately, the strongest associations were found for women between 20 and 49 years of age and men between 30 and 49 years of age. Conclusion: These prescription patterns suggested a marked comorbidity between asthma and ADHD.
A Preliminary Phylogenetic Hypothesis for the Cotingas (Cotingidae) Based on Mitochondrial DNA

The cotingas (Cotingidae) are a diverse family of Neotropical suboscines that are thought to be closely related to manakins (Pipridae) and tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae) in the superfamily Tyrannoidea (Lanyon 1985; McKitrick 1985; Sibley and Ahlquist 1985, 1990; Prum 1990). The cotingas include species with a great variety of plumages, breeding systems, and ecologies, and they exhibit the largest range in body size of any passerine family (Snow 1982). Understanding the evolutionary history of variation in these traits requires a corroborated phylogenetic hypotheses for the group. Toward this goal, we have conducted a preliminary molecular phylogenetic analysis to identify the major cotinga clades and reconstruct their interrelationships. Modern phylogenetic studies of the cotingas have included five analyses of morphological and molecular data. Some cotingas were included in phylogenetic studies based on allozyme electrophoresis (Lanyon 1985) and DNA-DNA hybridization (Sibley and Ahlquist 1985, 1990; Sibley et al. 1985). Furthermore, Prum (1990) performed a test of the monophyly of the cotingas based on morphology. Prum and Lanyon (1989) did a phylogenetic analysis of the Schiffornis group based on morphology, and Lanyon and Lanyon (1988) analyzed the relationships among the genera of the Phytotoma group using morphology and allozyme electrophoresis. Here, we analyze data from sequences of mitochondrial DNA from individuals of 32 cotinga species in 26 genera and 7 outgroup taxa. Monophyly of cotingas. —First recognized in nearly its modern form by Sclater (1888), the Cotingidae has varied somewhat in taxonomic composition over the last century (Ridgway 1907; Hellmayr 1929; Snow 1979, 1982). Garrod (1876) first recognized the close relationship between manakins and cotingas based on the presence of an enlarged femoral artery. Prum (1990) established that the majority of cotingas and manakins possess the derived femoral artery condi-