Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A universal characteristic of type II radio bursts

[1] We present a study on the spectral properties of interplanetary type II radio bursts observed by the Radio and Plasma Wave (WAVES) experiment on board the Wind spacecraft. We investigated the relative bandwidth of the type II radio bursts observed by WAVES from 1997 up to 2003. We obtained three sets of events, based on the frequency domain of occurrence: 109 events in the low-frequency domain (30 KHz to 1000 kHz, detected by the RAD1 receiver), 216 events in the high-frequency domain (1-14 MHz, observed by the RAD2 receiver), and 73 events that spanned both domains (RAD1 and RAD2). Statistical results show that the average bandwidth-to-frequency ratio (BFR) was 0.28 ± 0.15, 0.26 ± 0.16, and 0.32 ± 0.15 for RAD1, RAD2, and RAD1 + RAD2, respectively. We compared our results with those obtained for ISEE-3 type II bursts and found a difference in the average BFR, which seems to be due to a selection effect. The BFR of the WAVES type II bursts is similar to that of metric type II bursts reported in published works. This suggests that the BFR is a universal characteristic, irrespective of the spectral domain. Finally, we also studied the BFR evolution with heliocentric distance using white-light observation of the associated coronal mass ejections. We found that the BFR remains roughly constant in the SOHO/LASCO field of view (i.e., from 2.1 to 32 solar radii), while the bandwidth itself decreases.
The Role of Team Identification in the Dissimilarity-Conflict Relationship

This study examined the role of team identification in the dissimilarity and conflict relationship. We tested competing predictions that team identification would either mediate or moderate the positive associations between visible (age, gender and ethnic background), professional (background) and value dissimilarity and task and relationship conflict. Data was collected from 27 MBA student teams twice during a semester. Multilevel modelling and a longitudinal design were used. Results showed that value dissimilarity was positively associated with task and relationship conflict at Time 2. Its effects on relationship conflict at Time 1 were moderated by team identification. Team identification also moderated the effects of gender, age and ethnic dissimilarity on task conflict at Time 2, and the effects of gender and professional dissimilarity on relationship conflict at Time 2. No support was obtained for the mediating role of team identification on the associations between dissimilarity and conflict, or for changes in the effects of dissimilarity over time.
Advancing Quantitative Methods in Second Language Research

Part I: Introduction 1. Introduction Luke Plonsky 2. The place and value of advanced quantitative methods in L2 research JD Brown Part II: Enhancing Existing Quantitative Methods 3. Statistical power, p values, descriptive statistics, and effect sizes: A "back-to-basics" approach to advancing quantitative methods in L2 research Luke Plonsky 4. A practical guide to bootstrapping descriptive statistics, correlations, t tests, and ANOVAs Geoffrey T. LaFlair, Jesse Egbert, & Luke Plonsky 5. Presenting quantitative data visually Thom Hudson 6. Meta-analysis Luke Plonsky & Frederick L. Oswald Part III: Advanced and Multivariate Methods 7. Multiple Regression Eun Hee Jeon 8. Mixed effects modeling and longitudinal data analysis Ian Cunnings & Ian Finlayson 9. Principal components analysis & factor analysis Shawn Loewen & Talip Gonulal 10. Structural equation modeling Rob Schoonen 11. Cluster analysis Douglas Biber & Shelley Staples 12. Rasch analysis Ute Knoch & Tim McNamara 13. Discriminant function analysis John M. Norris 14. Bayesian data analysis Beth Mackey & Steven Ross
Geographical structure and postglacial history of mtDNA haplotype variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) among rivers of the White and BarentsSea basins

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations from 30 spawning rivers along the north-eastern European coast were analyzed for restriction site variation on the standard 2000 base pair fragment of mitochondrial DNA. Overall genetic diversity was higher than in the North Sea or Baltic Sea populations. Linear partitioning of the populations into three geographical areas contributed 27% to the total molecular variance. The Atlantic haplotypes dominate in the westernmost populations along the Barents Sea up to Svyatoi Nos. A haplotype belonging to the North American phylogenetic branch was also frequent along the western Barents coast. The Kola Peninsula rivers draining to the White Sea are dominated by haplotypes hypothesized to originate from the Komi Ice Lake, diluted by Atlantic immigrants. On the Karelian and Arkhangelsk coast of the White Sea, only two haplotypes were present, which are suggested to be derived directly from the freshwater refugium.
clinical characterization of ERBB 2 exon 20 insertions and heterogeneity of outcomes responding to afatinib in chinese lung cancer patients

and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). OncoTargets and Therapy 2018:11 7323–7331 OncoTargets and Therapy Dovepress
COMPETITION BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES: QUALITY, PRICES AND EXAMS *

The rapid growth of private higher education in response to high demand is a recent phenomenon in most European countries. This paper provides a theoretical model of the higher education market in which a public and a private university compete for students in the presence of borrowing constraints. We find that there exists a unique equilibrium in which the public institution is of higher quality than the private institution. This result supports the observation across many European countries that public universities have usually higher quality and admission standards than their private competitors.
Are knowledge flows all alike? Evidence from European regions

ABSTRACT Are knowledge flows all alike? Evidence from European regions. Regional Studies. The paper investigates the impact of distance, contiguity and technological proximity on cross-regional knowledge flows by comparing the evidence concerning co-inventorship, applicant–inventor relationships and citation flows. Evidence is found of significant differences across these diverse kinds of knowledge flows for what concerns the role of distance, and the moderating role of contiguity and technological proximity. Moreover, it is shown that border effects may prove crucial in a twofold sense. On the one hand, contiguity between regions belonging to two different countries still plays a moderating role, although weaker as compared with that of within-country contiguity. On the other hand, regions sharing a frontier with a foreign country are more likely to exchange knowledge with this foreign country than other regions which are far from the border.
Winter ecology of American black bears in a desert montane island

Abstract American black bears (Ursus americanus) have recolonized western Texas following extirpation in the mid-1900s. Knowledge of winter ecology of black bears is important for conservation and management because denning, parturition, and early cub development occur during this period. We monitored 13 radiocollared black bears for 22 den-years in Big Bend National Park (BBNP) during 1998–2003. All pregnant females (n=6), 2 females with yearlings, 7 subadults, and 1 adult male denned. Three females with yearlings remained active during winter 1998–1999. We located 4 cave dens, 5 ground dens, and 6 rock-pile dens. Volume and elevation of den sites averaged 2.00 m3 (SD=1.51) and 1,800 m (SD=346), respectively. Mean (±SD) dates of den entrance and emergence for 5 pregnant females were 30 December±17 days and 27 April±21 days, respectively, producing a mean denning period of 118±29 days. Pregnant females exited dens later (P= 0.003) and denned longer (P=0.02) than solitary females and males. Black bears in western Texas used den sites located in higher elevations that were remote and highly defensible. A den-habitat model described less than 56 km2 of suitable denning habitat within and bordering BBNP. Resource managers should reduce visitor and management activities in and around potential denning areas during winter.
Prevalence of HPV Proteins in Esophageal Squamous CellCarcinoma from Tang Shan of China: An ImmunohistochemistryStudy

The presence of HPV DNA in cases of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma has been reported repeatedly from Tangshan area of China and other regions with a high incidence of esophageal carcinoma. In current study, to investigate the presence of human papillomavirus in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 112 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of ESCC from Tangshan were evaluated for HPV16/18E6, HPV16/18E7, P16 and P21 proteins by Immunohistochemistry method. 112 samples divided to two HPV PCR positive and negative groups of 83 and 29 cases respectively. From 83 slides of PCR positive group 73(87.95%), 48(57.83%), 75(90.36%) and 72(86.74%) of slides had positive reaction for HPV16/18 E6, HPV16/18E7, P21 and P16 respectively. From 29 PCR negative cases 14(48.27%) and 15(51.72%) showed positive staining reaction for P16 and P21 respectively. Results showed a good direct relation between expression of two common cancerous proteins, P16 and P21, and HPV specific proteins by higher positive slides of 72/83 (86.74%) for P16 and 75/83 (90.36%) for P21 in group of positive HPV PCR, in compare with the lower positive result in negative HPV PCR group of 15/29 (51.72%) and 14/29 (48.27%) for P16 and P21 respectively. In this study, P16 and P21 were implicated as two good markers with high expression in ESCC cancerous tissue with HPV infection probability. Findings in this study raise the possibility that HPV is involved in esophageal carcinogenesis. Further investigation with a large sample size over different areas may be warranted.
Gene action of some agronomic traits in corn (Zea mays L.) using diallel cross analysis

In 2007, seven inbred lines of corn were crossed in a complete diallel cross design (Griffing's method 1). The seven parents and their 42 hybrids were planted in field based on Random Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in two different environments. The studied traits were days from emergence to silking, days from emergence to physiological maturity, plant height, ear height, area of ear leaf, ear length, area of flag leaf, number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row and grain yield. Results of combined ANOVA revealed that environment effect was significant for all the traits. Based on diallel cross analysis according to Griffing method 1, General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) effects were significant for the majority of traits. Reciprocal variance effects were significant for days from emergence to physiological maturity and number of rows per ear that indicate presence of cytoplasmic inheritance. � 2 GCA/ �
Real Effect of Bank Efficiency: Evidence from Disaggregated Manufacturing Sectors

In this paper, we investigate the real effect of bank efficiency for the growth and market structure of 23 manufacturing sectors in a two‐dimensional panel framework. We use the cost and profit efficiency scores that are estimated based on the stochastic frontier model for 5850 banks. The robust finding is that industries that rely heavily on external finance grow faster and are enhanced by the creation of new enterprises in countries with efficient banking systems. Further evidence, however, reveals that the efficiency effect is mainly derived from the cost side during the financial crisis period.
A re-appraisal of the systematics of the African genus Chamaeleo (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae)

The genus Chamaeleo, currently subdivided into two sub-genera, Chamaeleo (Chamaeleo) and Chamaeleo (Trioceros) (Klaver & Bohme 1986), is reviewed from both a morphological and genetic basis and it is concluded that the two subgenera are sufficiently distinct as to warrant their formal elevation to seperate and distinct genera. Evaluation of the soft anatomy and several other characters provide sufficient basis for making this distinction. The proposed change is supported by the demonstration of monophyletic groupings (based on two mitochondrial and one nuclear gene) consistent with distinct genera.
Optimized Reputable Sensing Participants Extraction for Participatory Sensor Networks

By collecting data via sensors embedded personal smart devices, sensing participants play a key role in participatory sensor networks. Using information provided by reputable sensing participants ensures the reliability of participatory sensing data. Setting a threshold for the reputation, and those whose reputations are bigger than this value are regarded as reputable. The bigger the threshold value is, the more reliable the extracted reputable sensing participant is. However, if the threshold value is too big, only very limited participatory sensing data can be involved. This may cause unexpected bias in information collection. Existing works did not consider the relationship between the reliability of extracted reputable sensing participants and the ratio of usable participatory sensing data. In this work, we propose a criterion for optimized reputable sensing participant extraction in participatory sensor networks. This is achieved based on the mathematical analysis on the ratio of available participatory sensing data and the reliability of extracted reputable sensing participants. Our suggested threshold value for reputable sensing participant extraction is only related to the power of sensing participant’s reputation distribution. It is easy to be applied in real applications. Simulation results tested on real application data further verified the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Local embeddedness versus global orientation in European club football?: exploring fan attachment of Schalke 04

Football has become a global business and most matches are broadcasted worldwide nowadays. Due to these developments, it can be suggested that football clubs are dis-embedding as they begin to lose their local roots. However, research has shown that clubs still depend on local connections. Thus, this study aims at answering the question whether the attitudes of local and distant fans differ as their attachment to the location of the favourite club is supposed to differ. In order to tackle this question, a case study among fans of the German Bundesliga club Schalke 04 was conducted. By using a Mann-Whitney U Test, this study is able to highlight attitudinal differences among the fan base and an archetypal ‘global fan’ can be identified. It is further shown that football clubs have various options to respond to the emergence of this new fan type. Although clubs are facing new challenges, this study does not reveal a strong process of dis-embeddedness.
Exploring Corporate Social Responsibility practices of Greek companies

This paper examines the extent of use of Corporate Social Re- sponsibility (CSR) practices among 27 companies from 9 of the biggest in- dustries in Greece based on their annual revenues. The types of practices used are examined and grouped into five categories, related to: Environment, Community, Marketplace, Values and Vision and the Workplace, depicting the emphases and priorities of these enterprises. Data have been collected from published information available on the Internet. The information gath- ered was content-analyzed while the categorization based on CSR activities followed, so as to enable us to detect patterns and variations between indus- tries. The findings provide a picture of the types of CSR practice choices that large companies operating in Greece are making, with regard to the content, variety and number of occurrences. The findings in this study offer an under- standing of the approach of large Greek companies to CSR and demonstrate the particular importance they assign to specific domains of CSR in the pe- riod of economic crisis. Considering the increasing importance of CSR prac- tices in the way businesses conduct themselves and the rising trend of adopt- ing such practices and communicating them to the stakeholders involved, the knowledge produced about corporate CSR practices can help in the creation and enrichment of best practices which can then be communicated and ad- vertized to the wider population of the country's businesses.
Analysis 1 : Patterns of Association Motivation

We present original evidence that abstract and concrete concepts are organized and represented differently, based on statistical analyses of thousands of concepts in publicly available datasets. First, we show that abstract and concrete concepts have differing patterns of association with other concepts. Second, we test recent hypotheses that abstract concepts are organized according to association, whereas concrete concepts are organized according to (semantic) similarity. Third, we present evidence suggesting that concrete representations are more strongly feature-based than abstract representations. We argue that degree of featurebased structure may fundamentally determine concreteness, and discuss implications for cognitive and computational models of meaning.
Predicting the Vote: Implicit Attitudes as Predictors of the Future Behavior of Decided and Undecided Voters

Two studies assessed the predictive validity of implicit political attitudes in relation to voting behavior. In Study 1, we demonstrated the validity of the adopted measure (i.e., the IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) with a sample of voters who clearly sided with one of the opposing parties. In Study 2, implicit political preferences were measured in a sample of undecided voters one month before the election, and actual voting behavior was assessed immediately after the election. Results demonstrated that implicit political attitudes were good predictors of future voting behaviors. These findings support the hypothesis of the presence of embryonic attitudes even in the case of those voters who at the explicit and conscious level deny any preference for one of the two opposing candidates.
WOOD AND PULP PROPERTIES OF TWO EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS WOOD SAMPLES

This paper reports experimental data about wood chemical composition (extractives and lignin content), fibre characteristics, kraft cooking behaviour and papermaking potential of two wood samples of Eucalyptus globulus (one industrial chip sample and another obtained from a clone tree). The samples were submitted to the kraft cooking and bleaching processes in order to evaluate its pulping potential. The experimental results showed that the clone tree requires milder cooking conditions and exhibits higher pulp yield. The pulp fibres obtained from the clone have higher fibre length and fibre width and lower coarseness, which give higher fibre flexibility and collapsibility. In consequence, structural, mechanical and optical properties of paper are significantly different. In addition, we observed that the fibres from the clone tree are weaker than the corresponding fibres from the industrial sample.
Cross-Border M&A and Innovative Activity: Firm-Level Evidence

This paper provides empirical evidence on the relationship between cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and innovation. For the empirical analysis a unique firm-level data set is constructed that combines balance sheet data and an M&A database with information on patent applications. Within three years after a cross-border M&A, patent applications filed by the merged entity increase by more than 30%. Splitting patent applications by the inventors country it is found that the positive association with post-merger patenting is mainly driven by patents invented in the countries of the acquirers headquarter and its previous subsidiaries. In contrast, there is on average a decrease in patent applications invented in the targets country of more than 60%. Accounting for endogeneity of international acquisitions by estimating dynamic count data models and applying instrumental variable techniques, the results indicate that part of this correlation stems from a causal effect.
Effect of Gender on Teachers’ Transformational Leadership Perception: A Meta-Analysis

Bu arastirmanin amaci; ogretmenlerin cinsiyetlerine gore donusumcu liderlige iliskin algilarinin ve goruslerinin etki buyukluklerini belirlemektir. Turkiye’de ogretmenlerin donusumcu liderlik yaklasimina iliskin goruslerini konu alan YOK Ulusal Tez Arsivinde yer alan dâhil edilme kriterlerine uygun 20 calisma ile bu konuda yapilan 9 makale arastirma kapsamina alinmistir. Calismalar kapsamindaki toplam orneklem sayisi olup 10693 olup bunun 5490’u kadin ve 5203’u erkek ogretmenden olusmaktadir. Ayrica, birincil arastirmalarda degerlendirmeye dahil edilemeyen moderator olarak yayin turu, yayin yili, arastirmanin yapildigi bolge, olcek turu, ogretim kademesi ve arastirmacinin cinsiyeti degiskenleri analiz edilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda kadin ogretmenler lehine sabit etkiler (d=0,086) ve rastgele etkiler (d=0,041) modeline gore istatistiksel olarak anlamli onemsiz duzeyde bir etki buyuklugu belirlenmistir. Yapilan moderator analizi sonucunda arastirmanin yapildigi bolgenin (p=0,029), ogretim kademesinin (p=0,005), arastirmacinin cinsiyetinin (p=0,000), olcek turunun (p=0,000) ve yayin turunun (p=0,000) birer moderator oldugu saptanmistir. Ayrica arastirmalara ait etki buyukleri yillar itibariyle cinsiyet farkliliginda bir azalma egilimi oldugunu gostermistir. Sonuc olarak ogretmenlerin donusumcu liderlige iliskin goruslerini ele alan calismalarda cinsiyetin onemli bir bagimsiz degisken olarak kullanilmamasi onerilebilir.
Trend analysis of indicators: a comparison of recent changes in the status of marine ecosystems around the world

Blanchard, J. L. , Coll, M. , Trenkel, V. M. , Vergnon, R. , Yemane, D. , Jouffre, D. , Link, J. S. , and Shin, Y-J. 2010. Trend analysis of indicators: a comparison of recent changes in the status of marine ecosystems around the world. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 000– 000. Time-series of ecological and exploitation indicators collected from 19 ecosystems were analysed to investigate whether there have been temporal trends in the status of fish communities. Using linear and non-linear statistical methods, trends are reported for six indicators (mean length of fish in the community, mean lifespan, proportion of predatory fish, total biomass of surveyed species, mean trophic level of landings, and inverse fishing pressure), and the redundancy of these indicators across ecosystems is evaluated. The expected direction of change for an ecosystem that is increasingly impacted by fishing is a decline in all indicators. A mixture of negative and positive directions of change is recorded, both within and among all ecosystems considered. No consistent patterns in the redundancy of the ecological indicators across ecosystems emerged from the analyses, confirming that each indicator provided complementary information on ecosystem status. The different trends in indicators may reflect differing historical exploitation patterns, management, and environmental regimes in these systems. Commitment to monitoring programmes and development of system-specific baseline, target, and threshold reference levels are required. Improved understanding of the responsiveness and performance of ecological indicators to management actions are needed to address adequately whether ecosystems are recovering from, or being further impacted by, fishing, and whether management targets are being met. The relative effects of multiple environmental and ecological processes as well as multiple human-induced stressors that characterize exploited ecosystems also need to be quantified.