Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer and Rotamerism of 2-(2‘-hydroxyvinyl)benzimidazole and 2-(2‘-hydroxyphenyl)imidazole

The intramolecular proton transfer of 2-(2‘-hydroxyvinyl)benzimidazole (HVBI) and 2-(2‘-hydroxyphenyl)imidazole (HPI) in the ground state and in the 1ππ*, 1nπ*, and 3ππ* excited states has been studied at the HF/CIS/D95** level of theory. Their rotamerism reaction in the ground and 1ππ* excited states has been also analyzed. These systems are two different fragments of 2-(2‘-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (HPBI), containing an intramolecular hydrogen bond through a common NCCCO backbone. The comparison of the calculations on HVBI and HPI with the experimental results available for HPBI and the theoretical calculations done for HPBI, salicyaldimine, and 1-amino-3-propenal allow us to determine the influence that each functional group of HPBI has on its intramolecular proton transfer in different electronic states. It is found that the aromaticity of the phenol ring of HPBI exerts a great influence on the proton transfer in the ground state and the lowest-lying 1ππ*, and 3ππ* excited states. The aromatic chara.
Isolation of new anti‐CD30 scFvs from DNA‐immunized mice by phage display and biologic activity of recombinant immunotoxins produced by fusion with truncated pseudomonas exotoxin

To target CD30 on Hodgkin's disease and anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma, anti‐CD30 single‐chain antibodies were obtained by DNA immunization of mice with the complete human CD30 cDNA. Spleens were isolated from mice with high anti‐CD30 titer, and the RNA was used for the production of an scFv‐displaying phage library. Specific phages were enriched by 3 rounds of panning on soluble CD30 or CD30+ K562 cells. Recombinant immunotoxins (rITs) were made from 3 ELISA‐positive scFv phages by fusion to a 38 kDa truncated mutant of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE38) with or without a KDEL mutant sequence at the C terminus. In vitro cytotoxicity of purified anti‐CD30 rITs was measured on CD30‐transfected A431 cells. IC50 values ranged from 3 to 7 ng/ml (50–110 pM) for PE38 rITs and 0.1 ng/ml (2 pM) for the PE38‐KDEL IT on A431‐CD30 cells. The parental A431 cells were resistant, indicating that the cytotoxicity was specific and CD30‐mediated. rITs were tested for anti‐tumor activity in a nude mouse model. A431‐CD30 cells were injected s.c. on day 0; then, mice bearing measurable tumors were treated beginning on day 4 with 3 alternate daily doses i.v. Anti‐tumor activity was dose‐dependent and not found when irrelevant ITs were administered or when CD30– tumors were treated. Our data show that DNA immunization and antibody phage display may be useful in producing new rITs against hematologic malignancies. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydroxychloroquine and risk of diabetes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

CONTEXT Hydroxychloroquine, a commonly used antirheumatic medication, has hypoglycemic effects and may reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between hydroxychloroquine use and the incidence of self-reported diabetes in a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS A prospective, multicenter observational study of 4905 adults with rheumatoid arthritis (1808 had taken hydroxychloroquine and 3097 had never taken hydroxychloroquine) and no diagnosis or treatment for diabetes in outpatient university-based and community-based rheumatology practices with 21.5 years of follow-up (January 1983 through July 2004). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Diabetes by self-report of diagnosis or hypoglycemic medication use. RESULTS During the observation period, incident diabetes was reported by 54 patients who had taken hydroxychloroquine and by 171 patients who had never taken hydroxychloroquine, with incidence rates of 5.2 per 1000 patient-years of observation compared with 8.9 per 1000 patient-years of observation, respectively (P < .001). In time-varying multivariable analysis with adjustments for possible confounding factors, the hazard ratio for incident diabetes among patients who had taken hydroxychloroquine was 0.62 (95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.92) compared with those who had not taken hydroxychloroquine. In Poisson regression, the risk of incident diabetes was significantly reduced with increased duration of hydroxychloroquine use (P < .001 for trend); among those taking hydroxychloroquine for more than 4 years (n = 384), the adjusted relative risk of developing diabetes was 0.23 (95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.50; P < .001), compared with those who had not taken hydroxychloroquine. CONCLUSION Among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, use of hydroxychloroquine is associated with a reduced risk of diabetes.
TETRACYCLINE, ERYTHROMYCIN, AND GENTAMICIN RESISTANCE OF CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI AND CAMPYLOBACTER COLI ISOLATED FROM POULTRY IN POLAND

The aim of the research was the determination of resistance of 387 Campylobacter sp. strains isolated between 1994 and 1996 (broilers, laying hens) and 2005-2008 (broilers, laying hens, turkeys) to tetracycline, erythromycin, and gentamicin. The resistance was determined with the reference to minimum inhibitory concentration on the agar plates (MIC). Limit concentration value for tetracycline and gentamicin was measured at ≥8 µg/mL, while for erythromycin it was obtained at ≥16 µg/mL. Among the Campylobacter sp. isolates obtained in 2005-2008, tetracycline resistant strains were found, while the isolates obtained between 1994 and 1996 were tetracycline susceptible. An increase in the percentage of erythromycin intermediate susceptible strains from 20052008 was reported in comparison to the isolates obtained in 1994-1996. Gentamicin susceptibility was found in 99.5% of all the Campylobacter sp. strains isolated between 1994 and 2008. These findings reveal a broad extent of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates from poultry in Poland and underline the need for prudent use of antibiotics in poultry production to minimise the spread of antibiotic resistant Campylobacter strains.
Associations between perfluoroalkyl compounds and immune and clinical chemistry parameters in highly exposed bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) are ubiquitous, persistent chemical contaminants found in the environment, wildlife, and humans. Despite the widespread occurrence of PFCs, little is known about the impact these contaminants have on the health of wildlife populations. The authors investigated the relationship between PFCs (including ∑perfluorocarboxylates, ∑perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorodecanoic acid) and the clinocopathologic and immune parameters in a highly exposed population (n = 79) of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (mean ∑PFCs = 1970 ng/ml; range 574–8670 ng/ml) sampled from 2003 to 2005 near Charleston, South Carolina, USA. Age‐adjusted linear regression models showed statistically significant positive associations between exposure to one or more of the PFC totals and/or individual analytes and the following immunological parameters: absolute numbers of CD2+ T cells, CD4+ helper T cells, CD19+ immature B cells, CD21+ mature B cells, CD2/CD21 ratio, MHCII+ cells, B cell proliferation, serum IgG1, granulocytic, and monocytic phagocytosis. Several PFC analyte groups were also positively associated with serum alanine aminotransferase, gamma‐glutamyltransferase, creatinine, phosphorus, amylase, and anion gap and negatively associated with cholesterol levels, creatinine phosphokinase, eosinophils, and monocytes. Based on these relationships, the authors suggest that the PFC concentrations found in Charleston dolphins may have effects on immune, hematopoietic, kidney, and liver function. The results contribute to the emerging data on PFC health effects in this first study to describe associations between PFCs and health parameters in dolphins. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:736–746. © 2013 SETAC
Diffusional anisotropy in cranial nerves with maturation: quantitative evaluation with diffusion MR imaging in rats.

PURPOSE To investigate the correlation between diffusional anisotropy and developmental changes in anatomy, which include myelination, in central and peripheral nerves in an animal model by using quantitative diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and electron microscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo transverse and longitudinal apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the optic and trigeminal nerves in 2-10-week-old rats were measured with MR imaging. Then the animals were sacrificed at each time point, and transverse and longitudinal sections of optic and trigeminal nerves were studied with electron microscopy. RESULTS In the optic nerve, the ADC parallel to the neurofibers increased with development and increased contemporaneously with myelination, while the ADC perpendicular to the nerve did not change. This resulted in a significant increase in diffusional anisotropy. There were no significant changes in ADCs in either direction in the trigeminal nerve. Longitudinal sections of optic nerve showed a marked change in the orientation of each fiber. As development proceeded, the axons, which initially followed tortuous courses, assumed straighter and more parallel orientations. Trigeminal nerves displayed straight parallel courses at 2 weeks that did not change over the study period. CONCLUSION Changes in fiber anatomy in maturation from tortuous to straighter and more parallel orientation can account for changes in longitudinal ADC and in diffusional anisotropy.
Genetic relationship and similarity of some selected chicken strains

Random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) technique was applied to detect genetic similarity between seven local chicken strains selected for eggs and meat production in Bangladesh. Conservation and improvement strategies ought to be based on proper genetic characterization in association with phenotypic characterization. White Leghorn, White Rock, Rhode Island Red, and Barred Plymouth Rock fall under recognized strain and Hilly, Deshi and Necked Neck fall under native bird group. Based on four oligonucleotide primers, the genetic similarity between the eggproducing strains (White Leghorn; White Rock; Rhode Island Red and Barred Plymouth Rock) was between 81.3 to 89.3 %. While the genetic similarity of three native chicken strains selected for meat production (Hilly, Deshi and Necked Neck) was 69.0 to 78.7 % similar based on the RAPD Marker. So, RAPD markers appeared to be effective in detecting similarity between chicken strains and they provide a potential tool for studying the inter-strain genetic similarity.
Distributed Knowledge Bases in Low- and Medium-Technology Industries

It is a general understanding that the advanced economies are currently undergoing a fundamental transformation into knowledge-based societies. There is a firm belief that this is based on the development of high-tech industries. Correspondingly, in this scenario low-tech sectors appear to be less important. A critique of this widely held belief is the starting point of this book. It is often overlooked that many of the current innovation activities are linked to developments inside the realm of low-tech. Thus the general objective of the book is to contribute to a discussion concerning the relevance of low-tech industries for industrial innovativeness in the emerging knowledge economy.
The effect of SLCO1B1 polymorphism on repaglinide pharmacokinetics persists over a wide dose range.

AIMS To establish whether the effect of SLCO1B1[encoding organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1)] c.521T-->C (p.Val174Ala) polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of repaglinide is dose-dependent. METHODS Twelve healthy volunteers with the SLCO1B1 c.521TT genotype (controls) and eight with the c.521CC genotype ingested a single 0.25-, 0.5-, 1- or 2-mg dose of repaglinide in a dose-escalation study with a wash-out period of > or =1 week. RESULTS The mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC(0-infinity)) of 0.25, 0.5, 1 or 2 mg repaglinide was 82% (95% confidence interval 47, 125), 72% (24, 138), 56% (24, 95) or 108% (59, 171) (P < or = 0.001) larger in participants with the SLCO1B1 c.521CC genotype than in those with the c.521TT genotype, respectively. Repaglinide peak plasma concentration and AUC(0-infinity) increased linearly along with repaglinide dose in both genotype groups (r > 0.88, P < 0.001). There was a tendency towards lower blood glucose concentrations after repaglinide administration in the participants with the c.521CC genotype than in those with the c.521TT genotype. CONCLUSIONS The effect of SLCO1B1 c.521T-->C polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of repaglinide persists throughout the clinically relevant dose range.
'The cry of the children': the Edwardian medical campaign against maternal drinking.

Summary In the years 1899-1907 a new critique of alcohol evolved which pointed to increasing female insobriety as a factor in infant mortality. Exploiting the opportunity of a governmental committee appointed to investigate physical deterioration, 14 leading medical doctors, well known for their antipathy to drink, submitted evidence which subsequently formed the basis for the Report's conclusion associating alcoholic abuse with racial deterioration. Between 1905 and 1907 six of these doctors, together with Sir Thomas Brunton and Professor Sims Wood head, orchestrated concern over drink's deleterious impact on pregnant women and babies. By condemning alcohol as one important source of infant deaths and national inefficiency, these anti-drink doctors, all except one numbers of the Society for the Study of Inebriety, encouraged the medical profession to adopt a more critical public posture towards drink and compelled the Government to permit hygiene and temperance instruction in elementary schools. They further provided the rationale early in 1907 for George Sims’ newspaper articles, which emphasized the imperial consequences of Britain's high infant mortality. He alone publicized the prevalence of babies and small children taken into public houses, where they were given alcohol or contracted fatal respiratory diseases. Breast milk contaminated with alcohol also endangered their lives. Following these revelations, sympathizers formed the Tribune Committee, and, with the support of the eight anti-drink doctors and others, helped translate Sims’ proposal to prohibit children under 14 from licensed premises into legislation.
Radical scavenging and neurotoxicity of four varieties of Ficus deltoidea

Ficus deltoidea or locally known as ‘Mas Cotek’ is a very common herb found throughout the tropics is available in many varieties. In Malaysia, traditional practitioners use this plant in herbal remedies to treat several illnesses like headache, hypertension, and hyperglycemia which may be related to antioxidant properties of the plant. The first objective of the study was to evaluate antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts of four varieties of Ficus deltoidea namely var angustifolia, deltoidea, intermedia, and kunstleri in order to identify which variety possess the highest antioxidant potential. In this study, the antioxidant of aqueous extract of the leaves and fruits of the four varieties of Ficus deltoidea were evaluated by their DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. In addition, total phenolic content (TPC) of the aqueous extracts were also determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The TPC value of var intermedia was very good both for the leaves and fruits (86.52 and 96.58 mg GAE/100 g extract respectively) compared to other varieties. In the DPPH assay, var deltoidea showed the highest radical scavenging activity both for the leaves and fruits (82.04% and 71.43% respectively) compared to other varieties. The second objective was to study the neurotoxicity. In this study, neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y was used to determine the neurotoxicity of aqueous extracts of four varieties of Ficus deltoidea. Cell viability was assessed using MTS assay. Results showed that the aqueous extracts of four varieties of Ficus deltoidea were not toxic within the tested concentration range from 1 ng/ml to 1 mg/ml. The study also showed that the aqueous extracts could protect neuron cells and suggested that the varieties possess potential neuroprotective effects.
Left-Luggage Detection from Finite-State-Machine Analysis in Static-Camera Videos

We present an abandoned object detection system in this paper. A finite-state-machine model is introduced to extract stationary foregrounds in a scene for visual surveillance, where the state value of each pixel is inferred via the cooperation of short-term and long-term background models constructed in the proposed approach. To identify the left-luggage event, we then verify whether the static foregrounds are abandoned objects through the analysis of owner's moving trajectory back-tracked to the static foreground locations. Experimental results reveal that the proposed approach tackles the problem well on publicly available datasets.
Age and short-term feed restriction effects on plasma triglyceride and free fatty acid concentrations in male turkeys.

Age (6 to 68 weeks of age) was without effect on plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA; means + .18 +/- .02 mu eq/ml) and triglycerides (TG; means + .74 +/- mu eq/ml) in male turkeys fed ad libitum practical type growing or breeder diets. Short-term (up to 44 hr) feed restriction resulted in an approximate threefold increase in FFA concentrations and an approximate 70% decrease in TG concentration at all ages.
Genotype-dependent variation of mitochondrial transcriptional profiles in interpopulation hybrids

Hybridization between populations can disrupt gene expression, frequently resulting in deleterious hybrid phenotypes. Reduced fitness in interpopulation hybrids of the marine copepod Tigriopus californicus has been traced to interactions between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Here, we determine transcript levels of four to six genes involved in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway for a series of parental and inbred hybrid lines using RT-qPCR. Both nuclear and mitochondrial-encoded genes are included in the analysis. Although all genes studied are up-regulated under salinity stress, only expression of genes located on the mtDNA differed among lines. Because mitochondrial genes are transcribed by a dedicated RNA polymerase encoded in the nuclear genome, we compare transcript levels among hybrid lines with different combinations of mitochondrial RNA polymerase and mtDNA genotypes. Lines bearing certain mtDNA-mitochondrial RNA polymerase genotypic combinations show a diminished capacity to up-regulate mitochondrial genes in response to hypoosmotic stress. Effects on the transcriptional profile depend on the specific interpopulation cross and are correlated with viability effects. We hypothesize that disruption of the mitochondrial transcriptional system in F2 hybrids may play a central role in hybrid breakdown.
Phylogeny of Nassella (Stipeae, Pooideae, Poaceae) Based on Analyses of Chloroplast and Nuclear Ribosomal DNA and Morphology

Abstract The genus Nassella, as currently circumscribed, includes 116–117 American species. It is characterized by florets with a strongly convolute lemma, a conspicuous or inconspicuous crown, and a short palea. Using 53 species of Nassella and 22 outgroup species we conducted phylogenetic analyses to test the monophyly of Nassella and relationships among species. Two plastid (trnT-trnL and rpl32-trnL) and two nuclear ribosomal (ITS and ETS) regions and morphology were used. Our DNA data alone and combined with morphology showed Nassella to be paraphyletic with respect to a monophyletic Amelichloa. Two main clades were recovered: one with species of Nassella distributed in regions of high elevation from Mexico to northwestern Argentina and one composed of the remaining species of Nassella and those of Amelichloa. The latter is mainly concentrated in southern South America in a variety of habitats with generally lower elevation than the other clade. The monophyly of the close relative of Nassella, the South American genus Jarava s. s. , was rejected. None of the groups previously circumscribed as subgenera of Stipa, that are now considered to be composed of species in Nassella, were recovered as monophyletic. The close phylogenetic relationship of Nassella and Amelichloa is supported by only one morphological synapomorphy: the lemma margins flat and strongly overlapping.
[Obesity during pregnancy: gestational complications and birth outcomes.]

PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of maternal obesity on pregnancy, childbirth, and neonatal outcomes. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 298 postpartum women. Information was obtained through interviews and access to patients' medical records. The patients were divided into three groups according to their pre-gestational body mass index: normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥30.0 kg/m2). Data are reported as adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) following multinomial logistic regression analysis to account for confounding variables. RESULTS Compared to pregnant women with normal body mass index, overweight women had greater chances of having cesarean delivery, odds ratio (OR) of 2.2 and 95%CI 1.3-3.9, and obese women even more (OR=4.2; 95%CI 2.1-8.1). The chances of gestational diabetes increased in the Overweight (OR=2.5; 95%CI 1.1-5.6) and Obese groups (OR=11.1; 95%CI 5.0-24.6). The occurrence of hypertensive syndrome was also higher in overweight (OR=3.2; 95%CI 1.2-8.1) and obese pregnant women (OR=7.5; 95%CI 2.9-19.1). Major postpartum hemorrhage only showed greater values in the obese women group (OR=4.1; 95%CI 1.1-15.8). Regarding the newborns, the probability of a low Apgar score at first minute was higher in the Obese Group (OR=5.5; 95%CI 1.2-23.7) and chances of macrosomia were higher in the Overweight Group (OR=2.9; 95%CI 1.3-6.3). Data regarding neonatal hypoglycemia were not conclusive. CONCLUSION Excessive weight (overweight and obesity) during pregnancy increases the chance of maternal complications (gestational diabetes, hypertensive syndrome, and major postpartum hemorrhage) and neonatal outcomes (cesarean delivery, macrosomia, and low Apgar score).