Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avaliação do peso e do modo de transporte do material escolar em alunos do ensino fundamental

OBJETIVOS: Identificar y comparar el modo de transporte y el peso del material escolar utilizado por escolares entre el 2o, 5o y 9o anos de la ensenanza fundamental. METODOS: Entre las escuelas del municipio de Dois Irmaos (RS, Brasil), una escuela fue sorteada y 58 escolares fueron investigados mediante cuestionario, que evaluo el accesorio utilizado para transportar el material escolar y la forma de transporte, las variables antropometricas y el peso del material escolar fueron medidos a lo largo de cinco dias. El analisis del cuestionario envolvio tablas de frecuencia y test del chi-cuadrado. El peso mediano del material, relativo al peso corporal, registrado a lo largo de la semana, fue sometido por ANOVA one-way y por el test post hoc de Bonferroni (α=0,05). RESULTADOS: Escolares del 2o, 5o y 9o anos transportaron su material a la espalda, en mochila con dos asas (60, 77,3 y 85,5%, respectivamente, p<0,05), apoyadas sobre los hombros (60, 77,3 y 81%, respectivamente; p<0,05). El promedio del peso de la mochila relativo al peso corporal en el 2o, 5o y 9o anos fue 7,2±2,3, 8,8±3,0 y 5,9±1,7%, respectivamente, con diferencia significativa solamente entre los escolares del 5o y 9o anos. CONCLUSIONES: Los escolares del 2o, 5o y 9o anos transportan preferencialmente su material escolar utilizando la mochila con dos asas a la espalda apoyada simetricamente sobre los hombros. Independientemente del ano escolar, el peso de la mochila transportada fue inferior al 10% del peso corporal; los escolares del 5o anos fueron los que transportaron mochilas con mayores cargas.
Beta TiNbSn Alloys with Low Young's Modulus and High Strength

Young's modulus and tensile strength were investigated in relation to phase transformation and microstructural changes occurring during cold rolling and subsequent heat treatment using β (Ti-35 mass%Nb)-4 mass%Sn and (Ti-35 mass%Nb)-7.9 mass%Sn alloys. Stress-induced a" martensite is generated on cold rolling of (Ti-35Nb)-4Sn whose martensitic transformation start temperature is around room temperature. Young's modulus in the rolling direction is lowered by the generation of stress induced a" phase with preferred texture, while it is recovered by the reverse martensitic transformation to ft at 523 K. The reverse transformation yields fine β grains which are elongated approximately along the rolling direction and have an average grain size in width of less than 1 μm. This fine microstructure leads to high strength over 800 MPa with keeping low static Young's modulus of 43 GPa. In contrast, mechanical properties of (Ti-35Nb)-7.9Sn in which matensite is not stress-induced are not so significantly improved by cold rolling and heat treatment.
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): A Tool for Assessment of Depression in Elderly

Background: India is in the process of rapid demographic progression of increased life expectancy and aging with geriatric population of 7.2 percent which is estimated to rise to 20 percent in 2050. With increasing geriatric population elderly with dementia and associated depressive illness are expected to rise in number to almost an epidemic. Among the morbidity encountered in elderly, depressive disorders are common. Aim & Objectives: The present study was conducted with the objective to assess the extent and degree of depression in elderly, and study some correlates associated with depression in them. Material & Methods: The study was carried out at geriatric clinic of Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Pune under the guidance of department of community medicine. Methodology: The randomly selected elderly above the age of 60 years attending the clinic and willing to participate in study were administered the questionnaire of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), scores were given, based on which the subjects were categorized as mild, moderate and severe. Those with score >5 were considered as suggestive of depression and some factors studied were analysed to find out their association with depression. Results: It was revealed that the proportion of elderly having depression was 52.4% with 84.6% of depressed in age group of 76-80 years. Moderate to severe type was more commonly seen in illiterate; however some degree of depression was present in all elderly irrespective of literacy status. Moderate to severe type was seen more commonly in elderly living in nuclear families (23.8%), and living alone (33.3%). Thus more than half of elderly studied were having depression, and it was observed that as the age advanced the degree of depression significantly increased. Some of the factors studied like low
Peran Komitmen Afektif Dalam Memperkuat Dampak Dari Dimensi Iklim Kerja Etis Terhadap Perasaaan Berkewajiban Pegawai

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi peran keterikatan psikis dan emosional Pegawai Negeri Sipil dalam memperkuat dimensi iklim kerja etis publik dalam upaya peningkatan kewajiban yang dirasakannya untuk membantu pencapaian tujuan dari sebuah organisasi publik. Oleh karenanya penelitian ini mencoba untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian tentang apakah komitmen afektif mampu memperkuat efek dari masing – masing dimensi iklim kerja etis pada peningkatan perasaan berkewajiban pegawai, dan mana diantara dimensi tersebut yang paling dominan dalam memberikan efek terbesar secara tidak langsung pada perasaan berkewajiban melalui komitmen afektif pegawai. Sebanyak 42 orang Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang bekerja di kantor Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat menjadi responden dalam penelitian ini. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan model persamaan struktural berbasis Partial Least Square. Temuan penelitian mengungkap bahwa seluruh dimensi iklim kerja etis mempunyai arti penting dalam membentuk keterikatan emosional pegawai dengan organisasinya, terutama dampak terbesar dihasilkan oleh rules and codes. Hal menarik yang terungkap adalah Hasil penelitian mengkonfirmasi bahwa keterikatan emosional pegawai dapat memberi dampak sangat besar terhadap peningkatan perasaan berkewajibannya kepada organisasi. Implikasi penting bagi organisasi publik adalah bagaimana memperkuat dimensi iklim kerja etis yang tidak hanya berangkat dari aturan semata.
Dynamics of some partial differential equation models arising in fluid mechanics and biology

In this thesis, we study the dynamics of some partial differential models arising in fluid mechanics and biology. First, we analyze a long-wave model for a liquid thin film on an inclined periodic substrate that is valid at a near-critical Reynolds number. The existence and the uniqueness, as well as the asymptotic formula, of a periodic steady-state are derived. Floquet-Bloch theory and asymptotic analysis are carried out to study the stability in a weighted functional space. The generalized Burgers equation is another fluid model that we consider. After transforming the problem into a constant coefficients problem, a shooting method is used to prove the existence of separable solutions. The total number of them is given and the uniqueness of the positive solution is proved. The stability of the small-amplitude positive steady-state is provided using the bifurcation analysis. Dynamics of a two-species competition model with diffusion is studied in the last part. The minimal wave speed selection mechanism (linear vs. nonlinear) is investigated. Hosono conjectured that there is a critical value of the birth rate so that the speed selection changes only at this value. We prove a modified version of this conjecture and establish some new results for the linear and the nonlinear speed selection. The local and the global stability, using the comparison principle together with the squeezing technique, of the traveling wavefront are studied in a weighted functional space. Some open problems and future works are presented.
SUPPLEMENTATION EFFECT OF PROTEIN AND ENERGY ON NUTRIENT DIGESTION AND NMETABOLISM OF BUFFALO CALVES FED WHEAT STRAW BASED DIETS

A 4 x 4 calf metabolism trial with 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was conducted with ruminally cannulated buffalo calves to explore the effects of protein and energy supplementation of wheat straw based diets on total tract nutrient digestion and nitrogen metabolism of buffalo calves. The calves were fed experimental diets @ 2% of their body weight. They were fed either low energy low protein diets or high energy high protein diets. Total faeces were collected for OM, OM, Nand NOF digestion, whereas total urine was collected for N balance studies. Rumen samples were analyzed for rumen ammonia nitrogen and blood plasma samples for plasma urea nitrogen. Total tract OM and OM digestion was greater (P<0.05) for calves fed high energy diets, however, total tract NDF digestion was found to be the highest (P<O.O1) with low energy diets. Higher (P<O.O1) total tract N digestibility was found with high protein diets. Although high energy diets showed only a trend of greater N digestion, N retention (g/d) was 17.8,22.9, 16.4, and 24.3 for low energy, high energy, low protein and high protein diets respectively. Nitrogen retention-percent N intake and N retention-percent N digestion were greater (P<O.OI) for high energy diets. Rumen NHrN concentrations at 3, 6 and 9 hr postfeeding were higher (P<O.OI) for high protein and low energy diets. Plasma urea N concentrations at 3, 6 and 9 hr postfeeding were higher (-P<O.OI) for high protein and low energy
Türkiye’de 1988-2008 Dönemindeki Firma Birleşmeleri, Birleşme Dalgaları ve Genel Tablo

Bu calismada Turkiye de 1988-2008 yillari arasinda gerceklesen firma birlesme ve satin almalari ile ilgili islemsel ozelliklere bakilarak genel bir ampirik tablo sunulmasi amaclanmistir. Arastirmanin buyuk bir bolumu Thomson One veritabani kullanilarak yapilmistir. Bu tarihler icerisinde birlesme dalgasi diye tanimlayabilecegimiz iki onemli donem gorulmustur: Bunlardan biri 2000-2001, digeri ise 2005-2008 yillari arasinda gerceklesmistir. Fakat bu iki doneme baktigimizda islem degerleri ve alici firma profilleri arasinda farkliliklar gozlemlenmistir. 2005-2008 yillari arasinda gerceklesen satin almalari hem sayi hem de islem degeri olarak yabanci alici firmalar domine etmis, 2000-2001 yillari arasinda ise sayi olarak yerli, deger acisindan ise yine yabanci alici firmalar one cikmistir. En aktif sektorler icerisinde islem sayisi olarak bankacilik, hammadde ve imalat sanayii, islem degeri olarak da ayrica telekomunikasyon ve enerji sektorleri bulunmustur. Son yillarda alici firmanin hedef firmada kontrolu ele gecirdigi islem sayisinda bir artis gorulmustur.
Light-trap Catch of Harmful Microlepidoptera Species in Connection with Polarized Moonlight and Collecting Distance

The paper deals with light-trap catch of 25 Microlepidoptera species depending on the polarized moonlight and collecting distance. The catching data were chosen from the 27 stations of the Hungarian National Light-trap Network and from the years between 1959 and 1961. Relative catch values were calculated from the catching data per stations and swarming. They are ranged and averaged in the phase angle divisions. The catching peak of ten species is in First Quarter, another ten species have the peak in the First Quarter and Last one, and only in two cases, the peak is in Last Quarter. Then there is the maximum ratio of polarized moonlight. Catching peak of only three species is in connection with the collecting distance when is the greatest of collection distance.
Comparative effect of temperature and interrupted wet periods on germination, penetration, and infection of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici and P. striiformis on wheat seedlings

Under optimal temperature and nonlimiting wetness duration, the infection efficiency (defined as the proportion of inoculated urediniospores causing lesions on wheat seedling leaves) was 12 times greater for Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici than for P. striiformis. Penetration of both species, however, was similarly affected by a 1-h dry period interrupting a 24-h wet period 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 16 h after inoculation at several temperatures between 5 and 30 C. Appressoria from germinated P. r. tritici urediniospores prior to penetration were unable to survive the 1-h dry period. An interruption of the wet period by a dry period did not affect ungerminated urediniospores, which were able to infect leaves during a subsequent dew period. The minimal continuous dew period necessary for infection increased from 4 to 6 h at optimal temperatures (8 C for P. striiformis, 15 C for P. r. tritici) to at least 16 h at suboptimal temperatures. Infection by P. r. tritici occurred over a wide range of temperatures (5-25 C), whereas infection by P. striiformis was restricted to a narrower range (5-12 C). Percentage of infection as a function of the duration of the continuous dew period was described by a Richards's function with temperature-dependent parameters. For a dry period interrupting the 24-h dew period before the minimal continuous dew period necessary for infection, percentage of infection at specific temperatures was fitted by a negative exponential function of time of interruption. If the dry period occurred after the minimal dew duration for infection, percentage of infection was the same as with a continuous wet period
Analysis of global and regional CO burdens measured from space between 2000 and 2009 and validated by ground-based solar tracking spectrometers

Abstract. Interannual variations in AIRS and MOPITT retrieved CO burdens are validated, corrected, and compared with CO emissions from wild fires from the Global Fire Emission Dataset (GFED2) inventory. Validation of daily mean CO total column (TC) retrievals from MOPITT version 3 and AIRS version 5 is performed through comparisons with archived TC data from the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) ground-based Fourier Transform Spectrometers (FTS) between March 2000 and December 2007. MOPITT V3 retrievals exhibit an increasing temporal bias with a rate of 1.4–1.8% per year; thus far, AIRS retrievals appear to be more stable. For the lowest CO values in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), AIRS TC retrievals overestimate FTS TC by 20%. MOPITT's bias and standard deviation do not depend on CO TC absolute values. Empirical corrections are derived for AIRS and MOPITT retrievals based on the observed annually averaged bias versus the FTS TC. Recently published MOPITT V4 is found to be in a good agreement with MOPITT V3 corrected by us (with exception of 2000–2001 period). With these corrections, CO burdens from AIRS V5 and MOPITT V3 (as well as MOPITT V4) come into good agreement in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and in the tropical belt. In the SH, agreement between AIRS and MOPITT CO burdens is better for the larger CO TC in austral winter and worse in austral summer when CO TC are smaller. Before July 2008, all variations in retrieved CO burden can be explained by changes in fire emissions. After July 2008, global and tropical CO burdens decreased until October before recovering by the beginning of 2009. The NH CO burden also decreased but reached a minimum in January 2009 before starting to recover. The decrease in tropical CO burdens is explained by lower than usual fire emissions in South America and Indonesia. This decrease in tropical emissions also accounts for most of the change in the global CO burden. However, no such diminution of NH biomass burning is indicated by GFED2. Thus, the CO burden decrease in the NH could result from a combination of lower fossil fuel emissions during the global economic recession and transport of CO-poor air from the tropics. More extensive modeling will be required to fully resolve this issue.
Pattern and indications for tooth extraction in a tertiary hospital, Kebbi State, Nigeria

The aim of this study is to investigate the reasons and pattern of tooth extraction in patients attending the outpatient Dental clinic of Sir Yahaya Memorial Specialist Hospital, Kebbi, North-West Nigeria between January 2014 and December 2016. The design was a retrospective study of records of individuals who had tooth extraction. Patients’ records were retrieved and analyzed for gender, age, indication(s) for tooth extraction and type of tooth/teeth extracted. A total of 428 extractions from 213 (51.0%) males and 204 (49.0%) females (M:F = 1.04:1) were undertaken during this period. There was no statistical significance difference in gender against indications for extraction [p = 0.8521, 95% CI = 0.018 (-0.096 to 0.131)]. The age ranged from 1 to 75 years (mean ± SD, 30.7 ± 15.2 years, median = 30.0) with majority of the patients (77.6%) not more than 40 years old. Teeth extracted were for patient in the age group 21-30 years. Three hundred and fifty five patients (85.0%) presented with pain while routine dental check up accounted for 4 (1.0%) cases. The major indications for extraction were dental caries and its sequelae 341 (79.7%), periodontal disease 44 (10.3%) and trauma 20 (4.6%). Teeth in the lower arch were more regularly extracted than upper teeth. The lower first molars were the principally extracted teeth. In conclusion, dental caries and its sequelae was the main reason for removal of teeth in this subset of Nigerian population. Thus, it is imperative to ameliorate the underlying social determinants of dental caries and eliminate barriers limiting access to primary preventive oral health care.
The Promise of Adolescence

uniquely fit to prepare young people to meet new life challenges. During adolescence, connections between brain regions become stronger and more efficient, and unused connections are pruned away. Such heightened neuroplasticity during adolescence provides opportunities for resilient responses to trauma and stress, and for remediating maladaptation in brain structure and behavior that accumulated from earlier developmental periods. This report outlines how the systems and settings that adolescents most frequently encounter can be redesigned and reimagined to promote well-being and resilience and to address inequalities.
Correction to “Pyro‐cumulonimbus injection of smoke to the stratosphere: Observations and impact of a super blowup in northwestern Canada on 3–4 August 1998”

[1] In the paper ‘‘Pyro-cumulonimbus injection of smoke to the stratosphere: Observations and impact of a super blowup in northwestern Canada on 3–4 August 1998’’ by M. Fromm, R. Bevilacqua, R. Servranckx, J. Rosen, J. P. Thayer, J. Herman, and D. Larko (Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, D08205, doi:10.1029/2004JD005350), the following was left out of the Acknowledgments section. [2] We thank all the referees for their thorough and constructive criticism of the manuscript. The POAM III instrument was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. The French Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales operates the SPOT 4 spacecraft and has generously waived the uplink fees. Launch and initial operation of POAM were sponsored by the Air Force Space Test Program; continuing operations are performed by the Air Force Space and Missile Command. Support for scientific analysis of the data comes from the Naval Research Laboratory and NASA. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 110, D12202, doi:10.1029/2005JD006171, 2005
Rigidity of mapping class group actions on
S1

The mapping class group $\mathrm{Mod}_{g, 1}$ of a surface with one marked point can be identified with an index two subgroup of $\mathrm{Aut}(\pi_1 \Sigma_g)$. For a surface of genus $g \geq 2$, we show that any action of $\mathrm{Mod}_{g, 1}$ on the circle is either semi-conjugate to its natural action on the Gromov boundary of $\pi_1 \Sigma_g$, or factors through a finite cyclic group. For $g \geq 3$, all finite actions are trivial. This answers a question of Farb.
Scale-Transferrable Object Detection

Scale problem lies in the heart of object detection. In this work, we develop a novel Scale-Transferrable Detection Network (STDN) for detecting multi-scale objects in images. In contrast to previous methods that simply combine object predictions from multiple feature maps from different network depths, the proposed network is equipped with embedded super-resolution layers (named as scale-transfer layer/module in this work) to explicitly explore the interscale consistency nature across multiple detection scales. Scale-transfer module naturally fits the base network with little computational cost. This module is further integrated with a dense convolutional network (DenseNet) to yield a one-stage object detector. We evaluate our proposed architecture on PASCAL VOC 2007 and MS COCO benchmark tasks and STDN obtains significant improvements over the comparable state-of-the-art detection models.
Household Production and the Demand for Food and Other Inputs: U.S. Evidence

The paper develops a new productive household model and a consistent household fullincome/ expenditure demand system for inputs and leisure of U.S. households. The demand system is fitted to U.S. annual aggregate data over the last half of the 20th century and findings include that the price and income elasticity of demand for food-at-home are roughly two times larger than for food-away-from-home and that food-at-home and away-from-home are substitutes. The price and income elasticity of demand for men’s unpaid housework are twice as large as for women’s unpaid housework and women’s and men’s unpaid housework are shown to be complements.
Closed-form modified Hamiltonians for integrable numerical integration schemes

Modified Hamiltonians are used in the field of geometric numerical integration to show that symplectic schemes for Hamiltonian systems are accurate over long times. For nonlinear systems the series defining the modified Hamiltonian usually diverges. In contrast, this paper constructs and analyzes explicit examples of nonlinear systems where the modified Hamiltonian has a closed-form expression and hence converges. These systems arise from the theory of discrete integrable systems. We present cases of one- and two-degrees symplectic mappings arising as reductions of nonlinear integrable lattice equations, for which the modified Hamiltonians can be computed in closed form. These modified Hamiltonians are also given as power series in the time step by Yoshida’s method based on the Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff series. Another example displays an implicit dependence on the time step which could be of relevance to certain implicit schemes in numerical analysis. In light of these examples, the potential importance of integrable mappings to the field of geometric numerical integration is discussed.
Seasonal dynamics of methane emissions from a subarctic fen in the Hudson Bay Lowlands

Ecosystem-scale methane (CH 4 ) flux ( F CH 4 ) over a subarctic fen at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada was measured to understand the magnitude of emissions during spring and fall shoulder seasons, and the growing season in relation to physical and biological conditions. F CH 4 was measured using eddy covariance with a closed-path analyser in four years (2008–2011). Cumulative measured annual F CH 4 (shoulder plus growing seasons) ranged from 3.0 to 9.6 g CH 4 m −2 yr −1 among the four study years, with a mean of 6.5 to 7.1 g CH 4 m −2 yr −1 depending upon gap-filling method. Soil temperatures to depths of 50 cm and air temperature were highly correlated with F CH 4 , with near-surface soil temperature at 5 cm most correlated across spring, fall, and the shoulder and growing seasons. The response of F CH 4 to soil temperature at the 5 cm depth and air temperature was more than double in spring to that of fall. Emission episodes were generally not observed during spring thaw. Growing season emissions also depended upon soil and air temperatures but the water table also exerted influence, with F CH 4 highest when water was 2–13 cm below and lowest when it was at or above the mean peat surface.