Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Tsallis entropy in detection of SYN flood DoS attacks

In this paper, we present results of application of Tsallis entropy in detection of denial of service attacks. Two detectors, one based on Tsallis and the other one based on Shannon's entropy, have been applied in several attack simulations, and their properties have been compared. The simulated attack is Synchronize packet SYN flood. A simple packet distribution, that is, entropy of source addresses are considered. In both cases, cumulative sum control chart algorithm is used for change point detection. Properties of two detectors that are compared are detection delay and rate of true and false positives. The results show that Tsallis entropy-based detector can outperform with respect to false positive rate Shannon-based one but that requires careful tuning of Tsallis Q parameter that depends on characteristics of network traffic. The detection delay of two detectors is approximately the same. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation

uropean Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015 ection 2. Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation avin D. Perkinsa,b,∗, Anthony J. Handleyc, Rudolph W. Kosterd, Maaret Castréne, ichael A. Smytha,f, Theresa Olasveengeng, Koenraad G. Monsieursh,i, Violetta Raffay j, an-Thorsten Gräsnerk, Volker Wenzel l, Giuseppe Ristagnom, Jasmeet Soarn, on behalf of he Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation section Collaborators1
Beyond weeping and crying: a gender analysis of expressions of depression

Objective. To explore depression from a gender perspective, by capturing depressed women's and men's formulations of their experiences and understanding of their situation. Design. Qualitative interview study. Setting. A healthcare centre in northern Sweden. Subjects. Eighteen patients who had been diagnosed with depression and treated for at least 6 months were interviewed in depth, both women and men of different ages and social status. Open questions were posed around the themes of Malterud's key questions, focusing especially on how the informants conveyed their experiences. Interviewing and qualitative data analysis went on simultaneously. Results. The experience of depression held similarities for men and women, but the outward manifestations differed by gender as well as socioeconomic status. Though experiences of high demands underlay the narratives of all informants, home or work had different priority. Men talked more easily about physical distress – often the heart – than about emotions. Women verbalized more readily emotional distress – shame and guilt – while physical symptoms often revolved around the stomach. Men dealt with insecurity by aggrandizing their previous competence, women by self-effacement. Conclusion. As clinicians we must listen attentively not only to the manifest but to the avoided or unarticulated. By doing so we might counteract normative gender patterns that highlight the depression of women and conceal that of men.
A naturalistic multicenter trial of a 12-week weight management program for overweight and obese patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and feasibility of a weight control program for overweight and obese patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder using a large sample across various clinical settings. METHOD Psychiatric patients taking antipsychotics participated in a 12-week weight management program at 33 clinical centers across South Korea, and the data for 232 subjects who had a body mass index (BMI) 25 kg/m(2) or above and were diagnosed with DSM-IV schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were used in the final analysis. The primary measures of efficacy were changes in body weight and BMI. The study was conducted from December 2005 to July 2006. RESULTS These patients showed significant mean +/- SD reductions in BMI (0.98 +/- 1.01 kg/m(2), p < . 001) and body weight (2.64 +/- 2.75 kg, p < .001), with moderate compliance, after the 12-week intervention. Diet compliance was the strongest single predictor of weight loss. Although significant differences in BMI reduction occurred between groups classified by clinical setting and compliance, all sex, age, clinical setting, compliance, and initial BMI groups showed significant BMI reductions, which fell between 0.4 and 1.5 kg/m(2). CONCLUSION Overall results suggest that a weight management program may be disseminated and adopted by practitioners across settings, resulting in short-term weight loss in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients.
Photoassisted Biodegradation of Irradiated Organics in Simulated Nuclear Wastewater

The extent of dehalogenation and degradation of toxic aromatic compounds in a nuclear wastewater was evaluated using a two‐stage system consisting of a photolytic reactor followed by a biological reactor. Experiments were performed by varying the initial 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP) concentration from 50 to 1000 mg/L. The UV pretreatment stage improved the overall efficiency of biodegradation of the recalcitrant compound by facilitating degradability in the biological stage. Removal efficiencies greater than 98% were achieved at 4‐CP feed concentrations ≤ 50 mg/L. Adding an H2O2 dose of 0.1 mg/L as an oxidant further improved biodegradation under optimum operating conditions for the entire system. Some known aromatic compound degraders such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas mendocina were detected in the consortium using the 16S rRNA genetic fingerprint technique. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study on biodegradation of halogenated aromatic compounds that are co‐pollutants of metallic radionuclides in radioactive wastewater.
Characterization of SnTe films grown by molecular beam epitaxy

A series of SnTe layers with thicknesses varying from 0.42 to 9.1 µm were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (111) BaF2 substrates. The SnTe lattice parameter was found to be 6.331 A as determined from x-ray diffraction spectra measured in the triple-axis configuration. The FWHM of the (222) SnTe x-ray rocking curves indicated a good crystalline quality and an unusual dependence on layer thickness. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of the SnTe surface revealed spirals with monolayer steps formed around threading dislocations, similar to the PbTe on BaF2 epitaxy. The dislocation density was estimated from the AFM picture to be 9x108 cm-2. Small black pits corresponding to holes that were left during growth were also observed on the AFM images. Sn diffusion can be a possible reason for these pits and the relatively high dislocation density. Electrical measurements showed that the SnTe epilayers present a typical p-type carrier concentration around 1020 cm - 3 almost temperature independent and a Hall mobility which decreases from 104 to 103 cm2/V.s as the temperature increases from 10 to 350K.
Glucocorticoid therapy in neurologic critical care

Background:The pivotal role of inflammation and edema across the spectrum of central nervous system injury has driven extensive investigation into the therapeutic potential of glucocorticoids. Objective:To review the experimental and clinical data relating to the efficacy and adverse effects of glucocorticoids in conditions encountered in critical neurologic and neurosurgical illness. Data Source:Search of MEDLINE and Cochrane databases, manual review of article bibliographies. Data Synthesis and Conclusions:The efficacy of glucocorticoids is well established in ameliorating edema associated with brain tumors and in improving outcome in subsets of patients with bacterial meningitis. Despite frequently encouraging experimental results, clinical trials of glucocorticoids in ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury have not shown a definite therapeutic effect. The evidence supporting glucocorticoid therapy for spinal cord injury is controversial; however methylprednisolone continues to be widely employed in this setting.
$v^1$ Concept: Designing a Voltage-Mode Control as Current Mode With Near Time-Optimal Response for Buck-Type Converters

This paper introduces the v1concept that explains how by only measuring the output voltage, designers have information about almost every signal of the power stage. Following the v1concept, it is explained how to design a traditional type-III voltage-mode control to behave like a current-mode control with near time-optimal response under load transients. This study is validated in simulations and experimentally on a 300-kHz buck converter.
Massive pleural effusions in cryptococcal meningitis

Cryptococcal infection uncommonly presents with pulmonary manifestations and even more rarely so as massive bilateral effusions. Pleural involvement is usually associated with underlying pulmonary parenchymal lesions and is unusual while on antifungal therapy. We report a patient with cryptococcal meningitis who, while on intravenous 5-flucytosine and amphotericin B, developed life-threatening bilateral massive pleural effusions with evidence of spontaneous resolution, consistent with prior hypothesis of antigenic stimulation as the cause of pleural involvement.
Connexions between hair-plate afferents and motoneurones in the cockroach leg.

1. The trochanteral hair-plate afferents in the metathoracic leg of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, were stimulated electrically and at the same time intracellular recordings were made from either motoneurones, interneurones or afferent terminals within the methathoracic ganglion. 2. Activity in the hair-plate afferents evoked short latency excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in femur flexor motoneurones. The latency of the IPSPs was on average 1-8 ms longer than the latency ofthe EPSPs. 3. Intracellular recordings from terminal branches of the hair-plate afferents showed that the delay between the peak of the afferent terminal spike and the beginning of the EPSPs is about 0.4 ms. This finding, together with the observations that the amplitude of the EPSPs is increased by the passage of hyperpolarizing current and decreased following high-frequency stimulation, indicates that the EPpSPs are evoked via-monosynaptic chemical synaptic junctions. 4. The observations of the long latency of the IPSPs, the need for a number of afferents to be simultaneously acive for them to be evoked and the occasional variability in latency, all indicate that the IPSPs are evoked via a disynaptic pathway.
Tocopherol content of seaweed and seaweed meal. 3. Influence of processing and storage on the content of tocopherols, carotenoids, and ascorbic acid in seaweed meal.

Analysis of Norwegian commercial seaweed meals prepared from Ascophyllum nodosum demonstrated that losses of tocopherols during thermal dehydration were normally small; more than 80% of the original tocopherol content of the fresh seaweed was retained in the freshly produced meals. Storage studies strongly indicated that the conditions of storage normally applied by the industry should secure satisfactory stability of β-carotene and tocopherols; low temperature and low moisture content are essential for acceptable stability. However, wet storage of fresh seaweed prior to dehydration has a detrimental effect upon the stability of the resulting meal during subsequent storage in the dry state.
PI3K Signaling in Glioma—Animal Models and Therapeutic Challenges

The PI3 kinase (PI3K) family plays a complex role in cell biology and metabolism. Signaling through the PI3Ks is frequently activated in many human cancers, including glioblastoma, because of gain‐of‐function mutations in PIK3CA or loss of PTEN. Experiments involving genetic mouse models and small molecule inhibitors have helped to elucidate the roles of the regulatory and catalytic subunits of PI3K in metabolism and cancer. Downstream of PI3K is Akt, a critical effector of growth, proliferation and survival. The suggested dependence of glioblastoma tumors on PI3K signaling implies that PI3K inhibitors should lead to effective killing of these cancer cells, but that has been shown not to be the case. The engagement of other survival pathways in response to PI3K inhibition prompts the need to develop combination therapies that promote cytotoxicity in cancer cells.
The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS)

Abstract The clinical opiate withdrawal scale (COWS) is a clinician-administered, pen and paper instrument that rates eleven common opiate withdrawal signs or symptoms. The summed score of the eleven items can be used to assess a patient's level of opiate withdrawal and to make inferences about their level of physical dependence on opioids. With increasing use of opioids for treatment of pain and the availability of sublingual buprenorphine in the United States for treatment of opioid dependence, clinical assessment of opiate withdrawal intensity has received renewed interest. Buprenorphine, a partial opiate agonist at the mu receptor, can precipitate opiate withdrawal in patients with a high level of opioid dependence who are not experiencing opioid withdrawal. Since development of the first opiate withdrawal scale in the mid-1930s, many different opioid withdrawal scales have been used in clinical and research settings. This article reviews the history of opiate withdrawal scales and the context of their initial use. A template version of the COWS that can be copied and used clinically is appended. PDF formatted versions of the COWS are also available from the websites of the American Society of Addiction Medicine, the California Society of Addiction Medicine, the UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, and AlcoholMD.com.
Towards a Novel Treatment Strategy for Acute Pancreatitis

Despite more than a century of research endeavour, there is no specific medical treatment for acute pancreatitis and early mortality is high – 20% of fatalities by the day after admission. I do not see any realistic prospect that today’s focus on immunomodulation will provide a breakthrough either. The signs are that the outcome of acute pancreatitis is determined almost at its inception, and that those unfortunate individuals in whom the seeds for a precipitous course are sewn do not declare themselves until it is too late. This reappraisal of the evidence on disease aetiogenesis has been undertaken in an effort to fathom why this might be.
Nonequilibrium dynamics of spin glasses.

We consider the nonequilibrium behavior of the spin-glass ordered phase within the droplet scaling theory introduced previously. The fundamental long-time nonequilibrium process is assumed to be the thermally activated growth of spin-glass ordered domains. The remanent magnetization, m(t), in zero field is found to decay at long times as m(t)\ensuremath{\sim}${R}_{t}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\lambda}}$, where ${R}_{t}$\ensuremath{\sim}(lnt${)}^{1/\ensuremath{\psi}}$ is the linear domain size, \ensuremath{\psi} is the previously introduced barrier exponent describing the growth of activation-barrier heights with length scale, and \ensuremath{\lambda} is a new nonequilibrium dynamic exponent, satisfying the relation \ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\ge}d/2 for d-dimensional systems. The effects of waiting for partial equilibration before making a measurement are studied in various regimes. The effects of quenching first to one temperature and then to another are also examined. Such experiments can, in principle, be used to obtain information about the relative rate of dynamic evolution as well as the overlap between the equilibrium states at different temperatures. In particular, the length scale ${L}_{\ensuremath{\Delta}T}$, below which equilibrium correlations at temperatures T and T+\ensuremath{\Delta}T are similar, plays an important role. The decay of m(t) and the growth of spin-glass order after a quench are examined in Monte Carlo simulations of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model.
Playing It Safe? Managerial Preferences, Risk, and Agency Conflicts

This article examines managers’ incentive to play it safe. We find that, after managers are insulated by the adoption of an antitakeover law, they take value-destroying actions that reduce their firms’ stock volatility and risk of distress. To illustrate one such action, we show that managers undertake diversifying acquisitions that target firms likely to reduce risk, have negative announcement returns, and are concentrated among firms with managers who gain the most from reducing risk. Our findings suggest that instruments typically used to motivate managers, such as greater financial leverage and larger ownership stakes, exacerbate risk-related agency challenges.
H and M antigens of Histoplasma capsulatum: preparation of antisera and location of these antigens in yeast-phase cells

Antiserum has been prepared in rabbits against the H and M antigens of H. capsulatum with immunoelectrophoretic precipitin arcs used as vaccines. The antiserum is specific for H. capsulatum in the immunodiffusion test and can be used as reference serum for identifying antibodies to these antigens in sera from suspected cases histoplasmosis. We found that (1) hand m antigens are not located on the surface of yeast-phase cells and (ii) complement fixation releases the antigens reactive in the complement fixation test from yeast-phase cells.
Knowledge mapping model for construction project organizations

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to investigate and propose the appropriate K‐mapping models as an approach to integrating key project components and technologies for the effective improvement of project performance within and across construction projects.Design/methodology/approach – In this holistic, single‐case study, one of the largest construction consulting firms in South Korea has been studied by conducting 15 semi‐structured interviews and the different loci for each of the K‐mapping components are identified and analyzed. Based on the different loci, four types of the K‐mapping model are provided and elucidated.Findings – Research findings indicate that these four types of the K‐mapping model provide the criteria to identify the appropriate types of K‐map for construction project organizations, according to the characteristics and conditions of their own construction personnel, construction processes, and K‐transfer technologies. With the K‐mapping models, an appropriate knowledge manageme.
A whispered Mandarin corpus for speech technology applications

Whispered speech is a natural mode of speech in which voicing is absent – its acoustics differ signiﬁcantly from normally spoken speech or so-called neutral speech, such that it is challenging to use only neutral speech to build speech processing and automatic recognition systems that can deal effectively with whisper. At the same time, humans can naturally produce and perceive whispered speech without explicit training. Tonal languages such as Mandarin present an interesting dilemma – tone is primarily encoded by pitch tracks which are absent during whispered speech, but humans can still tell tones apart. How humans manage to process whispered speech well without explicit training on it, whereas machine algorithms fail, is presently an unresolved question which could prove fruitful with study. This, however, is hindered by the lack of suitable, systematically collected corpora. We present iWhisper-Mandarin , a 25-hour parallel corpus of neutral and whispered Mandarin, designed to support research in linguistics and speech technology. We demonstrate and verify that earlier techniques applied to whis-pered speech from non-tonal languages also work with Mandarin, and present some preliminary studies on voice activity detection and whispered Mandarin speech recognition.
FLUORESCENCE OF 5‐METHYLCYTOSINE

Abstract— 5‐Methylcytosine and 5‐methyldeoxycytidylic acid are fluorescent in aqueous solution at room temperature and neutral pH. 5‐Methylcytosine, 10‐3M, pH 8.5, 25°C, has a quantum yield of 5 ×10‐4, 5‐Methyldeoxycitydylic acid, 10‐4M, pH 7.5, 20°C, has a quantum yield of 8 × 10‐4. Emission maxima are 2.91 and 2. 80μ‐1. At pH 14, the quantum yield of 5‐methylcytosine is 1.6 × 10‐2; the emission maximum is 2. 82μ‐1. At pH I, the quantum yield of both compounds is less than or equal to 10‐4. Both compounds were chromatographically homogeneous, had absorption spectra which agreed with published data, and excitation spectra which agreed closely with absorption spectra.
Use of information technology by biological researchers

Recent studies of computer-based information-handling by scientists have tended to look at such activities across all the sciences. This is true, in particular, of the recent detailed Royal Society (RS)/British Library (BL)/Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers (ALPSP) survey. The present study aims to complement these by concentrating on the biological sciences only. It surveys the usage of information technology and related factors by researchers at four institutions - an agricultural faculty, a university school of biology, a government research estab lishment and a pharmaceutical laboratory.
What is the best way to gather clinical questions from physicians?

Increasing attention is being paid to the clinical questions of physicians and other health care providers. Asking and answering questions is important to continuing education, the development of information sources, and the delivery of quality patient care [1–3]. Attempts are underway to systematically identify and answer the questions of clinicians with the best available evidence [4]. The number of questions per patient seen varies considerably depending on how the questions are collected. Studies using direct observation or exit interviews after each patient encounter have generally identified more questions per patient than studies using physician self-report [5–7]. On the other hand, direct observation and exit interviews are almost certainly more expensive and time consuming than self-report, because they require a full-time observer with each physician for the study period. They therefore may not be practical for ongoing surveillance of physician questions. This kind of ongoing surveillance is important because questions change as new tests and treatments are developed. This study is the first to directly compare the content of clinical questions gathered by exit interview after each patient encounter and by physician self-report.
Use of Professionally Administered Topical Fluorides in Asia

Professionally applied topical fluoride varnish, gel, and solution have been shown to be effective in preventing and in arresting dental caries. Their use in different countries in Asia varies greatly and may not correlate with the dental caries situation of the populations in the countries. In the higher-income countries, use of fluoride varnish and gel is common among dental professionals. In contrast, the use of professionally administered topical fluorides is not common in the lower-income countries. Fluoride varnish, being easy to apply and safe, has been the preferred agent for the prevention of early childhood caries, which is prevalent in many developing countries in Asia. The relatively high cost of professionally administered fluoride agents and the shortage of a dental workforce, especially in lower income countries, have hampered the widespread adoption of these effective caries prevention methods in the private and public dental services. Government health policies should be pursued to lower the cost of treatment, either through incentives for local production and/or elimination of taxes and tariffs on imported fluoride products.