Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of elaborative processing on implicit and explicit memory for new associations.

Previous research has demonstrated that priming effects on word-completion tests are influenced by newly acquired associations between normatively unrelated words. This phenomenon, which we call implicit memory for new associations, can occur independently of explicit remembering but requires elaborative processing of study materials. The present experiments explored further the relation between elaborative processing and implicit memory for new associations. Results indicated that implicit memory for new associations, like explicit memory, depended on encoding of meaningful relations between paired words in the study list. However, variations in degree and type of associative elaboration had a large effect on explicit memory, as revealed by performance on letter-cued recall and paired-associate tests, but had little effect on implicit memory, as revealed by performance on a word-completion test. Discussion focuses on the theoretical implications of the observed similarities and differences between implicit and explicit memory for new associations.
Inhibition of Flap Endonuclease 1 by Flap Secondary Structure and Relevance to Repeat Sequence Expansion*

Recent genetic evidence indicates that null mutants of the 5′-flap endonuclease (FEN1) result in an expansion of repetitive sequences. The substrate for FEN1 is a flap formed by natural 5′-end displacement of the short intermediates of lagging strand replication. FEN1 binds the 5′-end of the flap, tracks to the point of annealing at the base of the flap, and then cleaves. Here we examine mechanisms by which foldback structures within the flap could contribute to repeat expansions. Cleavage by FEN1 was reduced with increased length of the foldback. However, even the longest foldbacks were cleaved at a low rate. Substrates containing the repetitive sequence CTG also were cleaved at a reduced rate. Bubble substrates, likely intermediates in repeat expansions, were inhibitory. Neither replication protein A nor proliferating cell nuclear antigen were able to assist in the removal of secondary structure within a flap. We propose that FEN1 cleaves natural foldbacks at a reduced rate. However, although the cleavage delay is not likely to influence the overall process of chromosomal replication, specific foldbacks could inhibit cleavage sufficiently to result in duplication of the foldback sequence.
Interactive whiteboards: interactivity, activity and literacy teaching

This paper explores the implementation and the use of the Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) in literacy teaching in an Australian primary school. A socio-cultural approach (Vygotsky, 1978) and Activity Theory (Engestrom, 2001) are used to explore the integration of the IWB in the literacy classroom environment where the individual, classroom and the whole school contexts are considered. A sociocultural conceptualisation of technology allows us to view the IWB as a tool that can be used to enhance teachers’ pedagogical practices. The paper is based on a case study in an independent primary school located in a South Western suburb of Sydney.
Clonal Expansions and Loss of Receptor Diversity in the Naive CD8 T Cell Repertoire of Aged Mice1

There are well-characterized age-related changes in the peripheral repertoire of CD8 T cells characterized by reductions in the ratio of naive:memory T cells and the development of large clonal expansions in the memory pool. In addition, the TCR repertoire of naive T cells is reduced with aging. Because a diverse repertoire of naive T cells is essential for a vigorous response to new infections and vaccinations, there is much interest in understanding the mechanisms responsible for declining repertoire diversity. It has been proposed that one reason for declining repertoire diversity in the naive T cell pool is an increasing dependence on homeostatic proliferation in the absence of new thymic emigrants for maintenance of the naive peripheral pool. In this study, we have analyzed the naive CD8 T cell repertoire in young and aged mice by DNA spectratype and sequence analysis. Our data show that naive T cells from aged mice have perturbed spectratype profiles compared with the normally Gaussian spectratype profiles characteristic of naive CD8 T cells from young mice. In addition, DNA sequence analysis formally demonstrated a loss of diversity associated with skewed spectratype profiles. Unexpectedly, we found multiple repeats of the same sequence in naive T cells from aged but not young mice, consistent with clonal expansions previously described only in the memory T cell pool. Clonal expansions among naive T cells suggests dysregulation in the normal homeostatic proliferative mechanisms that operate in young mice to maintain diversity in the naive T cell repertoire.
Collaboration as a wave of future: exploring experiences from Croatian archives

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on research that examined the relationship between, and collaboration of, Croatian archives, libraries and museums.Design/methodology/approach – Online survey and unstructured interviews with archivists from across Croatia were used to investigate collaborative activities in Croatian archives.Findings – Archivists see libraries and museums as their natural partners and believe that collaboration facilitates their mission and leads to better service to patrons. However, they all believe that there is room for more intensive inter‐institutional partnerships. Apart from numerous benefits, they also indicated a number of challenges they face in collaborative activities.Research limitations/implications – A larger sample for qualitative methodology would greatly serve to clarify and expand upon the findings.Practical implications – The results of this survey are useful to cultural heritage professionals in planning and organisation of collaborative projects. Als.
Parametric study on environmetal loads of hindcast and measured full scale data

The reason of determining the probability of extreme occurrences of wind speed, wave height and current flow is due to the large impact these environmental loads have on the offshore facilities. These occurrences are difficult to predict and may happen once in many years. Several techniques can be used to extract and derive wind, wave and current information from the measured or measured full scale metocean data (PARAS). However, to rely on the measured metocean data alone may not be representative of the accurate sea conditions found locally. This requires correlating the measured metocean data to data derived from Hindcast. This research focuses on the parametric studies of two (2) types of data which are PARAS and hindcast. The hindcast model here is referred to as SEAMOS-South Fine Grid hindcast (SEAFINE) which is derived from a Joint Industry Project (JIP). The objectives of this research are to compare the statistical properties of measured full scale metocean data to the hindcast data through the correlation between winds, waves and currents of measured full scale metocean data and hindcast data in the basins off the coast of Malaysia and finally to validate with statistical certainty on the reliability of the hindcast data. This paper demonstrates some of the previous hindcast studies that have been done in some other regions. The statistical analysis, time series of metocean data and its correlation results are presented here in.
Stability of Tringo's Hierarchy of Preference toward Disability Groups: 30 Years Later

The hierarchy of preference toward disability groups was measured for 171 subjects on 16 disabilities. Results indicated that the hierarchy of preference reported by Tringo (1970) exists today despite many efforts by society to remove such stereotypes. Further, the rank-order of the hierarchy appears to be quite stable in that only individuals with cancer show an appreciable change in relative position.
An Open Prospective Pilot Study on the Use of Rapamycin after Penetrating High-Risk Keratoplasty

Background. The purpose of this study was to prove efficacy and safety of systemic immunosuppression with rapamycin following penetrating high-risk keratoplasty. Rapamycin has shown its immunosuppressive potential in the rat keratoplasty model and is a component of several immunosuppressive protocols after solid organ transplantation. In this pilot study, we compared the efficacy and safety of rapamycin and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Methods. Ten patients (group 1) undergoing high-risk keratoplasty were included in this study, receiving rapamycin as postoperative immunoprophylaxis. Rapamycin was administered orally once daily (blood trough level 4–10 ng/ml) for 6 months. Thereafter, it was tapered over 2 weeks. The control group (group 2) consisted of 24 patients who received 1000 mg MMF twice daily for 6 months. All of the patients received postoperative medication with fluocortolone 1 mg/kg/day (tapered over 3 weeks) and prednisolone acetate eyedrops 5 times per day (tapered over 5 months). Results. Mean follow-up of all patients (n=34) was 739 days. No immune reaction was observed in groups 1 and 2 during the first 6 months under immunosuppression. Two immune reactions occurred in group 1, and five in group 2 within a 2-year follow-up. All of the immune reactions were reversible. The side effects observed in both groups were mostly reversible. Conclusions. Rapamycin and mycophenolate mofetil seem to be similarly efficacious in preventing immune reactions after high-risk keratoplasty, as long as they are administered. However, we observed a broad spectrum of side effects from rapamycin.
Single-Dose Intracardiac Injection of Pro-Regenerative MicroRNAs Improves Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction

Rationale: Recent evidence indicates that a few human microRNAs (miRNAs), in particular hsa-miR-199a-3p and hsa-miR-590-3p, stimulate proliferation of cardiomyocytes and, once expressed in the mouse heart using viral vectors, induce cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction. Viral vectors, however, are not devoid of safety issues and, more notably, drive expression of the encoded miRNAs for indefinite periods of time, which might not be desirable in light of human therapeutic application. Objective: As an alternative to the use of viral vectors, we wanted to assess the efficacy of synthetic miRNA mimics in inducing myocardial repair after single intracardiac injection using synthetic lipid formulations. Methods and Results: We comparatively analyzed the efficacy of different lipid formulations in delivering hsa-miR-199a-3p and hsa-miR-590-3p both in primary neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes and in vivo. We established a transfection protocol allowing persistence of these 2 mimics for at least 12 days after a single intracardiac injection, with minimal dispersion to other organs and long-term preservation of miRNA functional activity, as assessed by monitoring the expression of 2 mRNA targets. Administration of this synthetic formulation immediately after myocardial infarction in mice resulted in marked reduction of infarct size and persistent recovery of cardiac function. Conclusions: A single administration of synthetic miRNA–lipid formulations is sufficient to stimulate cardiac repair and restoration of cardiac function.
CHCHD7‐PLAG1 and TCEA1‐PLAG1 gene fusions resulting from cryptic, intrachromosomal 8q rearrangements in pleomorphic salivary gland adenomas

Pleomorphic salivary gland adenomas are characterized by recurrent chromosome rearrangements of 8q12, leading to activation of the PLAG1 oncogene. Here we demonstrate that CHCHD7‐PLAG1 is a novel and recurrent gene fusion generated by a cytogenetically cryptic rearrangement in pleomorphic adenomas. CHCHD7 is a newly identified member of a multifamily of proteins containing a conserved (coiled coil 1)‐(helix 1)‐(coiled coil 2)‐(helix 2) domain. Northern blot analysis revealed that the gene is ubiquitously expressed. Its biological function is unknown and the gene has hitherto not been associated with neoplasia. CHCHD7 and PLAG1 are located head‐to‐head about 500 bp apart in 8q12. Molecular analyses of 27 tumors revealed CHCHD7‐PLAG1 fusions in three tumors, two of which had t(6;8) and t(8;15) translocations as the sole anomalies and one a normal karyotype. FISH analyses of interphase nuclei and nuclear chromatin fibers of a fourth adenoma with a normal karyotype revealed that a second fusion partner gene, TCEA1, located about 2 Mb centromeric to PLAG1, also is fused to PLAG1 as a result of a cryptic 8q rearrangement. The breakpoints in both fusions occur in the 5′‐noncoding regions of the genes, leading to activation of PLAG1 by promoter swapping/substitution. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that the PLAG1 protein was overexpressed in epithelial, myoepithelial, and mesenchymal‐like tumor cells in tumors with both fusions. Our findings further emphasize the significance of PLAG1 activation in pleomorphic adenomas and demonstrate that the gene is more frequently activated than previously anticipated. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of VITEK 2 Rapid Identification and Susceptibility Testing System against Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates

ABSTRACT A total of 281 strains of miscellaneous members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other gram-negative bacteria were evaluated by use of identification tests with the VITEK 2 system (bioMérieux) and an API identification system (bioMérieux). A total of 237 (95%) strains were correctly identified to the species level. Only six (2.1%) strains were misidentified, and eight (2.8%) strains were not identified. Among 14 strains with discrepant identifications, 8 (57.1%) strains were nonfermenters. The susceptibilities of 228 strains to 11 antibiotics including amikacin, netilmicin, tobramycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin, and piperacillin in combination with tazobactam were tested with the VITEK 2 AST-No. 12 card and by the broth microdilution (MB) method, according to NCCLS guidelines, as a reference. For the 2,508 organism-antibiotic combinations, the rates at which duplicate MICs correlated within ±1 dilution ranged from 84.2 to 95.6%. Only 13 (0.5%) and 10 (0.4%) of the susceptibility tests gave major errors (resistant with the VITEK 2 system but sensitive by the MB method) and very major errors (sensitive with the VITEK 2 system but resistant by the MB method), respectively. Both VITEK 2 ID-GNB (an identification system) and VITEK 2 AST-No. 12 (a susceptibility testing system) card systems gave rapid, reliable, and highly reproducible results.
Impaired host defence against Mycobacterium avium in mice with chronic granulomatous disease

Patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), an inherited disorder of phagocytic cells, often contract recurrent life‐threatening bacterial and fungal infections. CGD is considered to arise from a functional defect of the O2‐generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in phagocytes. To determine whether or not NADPH oxidase is crucial to the host defence against Mycobacterium avium, we investigated the response against M. avium using CGD model mice (gp91‐phox‐) of C57BL/6 strain. A tracheal injection of 1 × 107 colony‐forming units (CFU)/head of M. avium strain FN into the CGD mice resulted in a pulmonary infection, while also increasing the mortality rate. In contrast, normal C57BL/6 mice injected with same dose of the organisms did not develop severe pulmonary infection and were able to survive through 2 months of observation. The macrophages obtained from the CGD mice were observed to have a higher burden of the bacterial growth than macrophages from normal C57BL/6 mice. These results suggest that the defect of the NADPH oxidase function impairs the host defence against M. avium infection.
[Impact of telemetric management on overall treatment costs and mortality rate among patients with chronic heart failure].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The rising prevalence of chronic heart failure (CHF) has led to an increase in total treatment expenditures. A medical care programme of telemetry was developed to reduce the number of patients with decompensated CHF, hospital admissions and overall treatment cost. PATIENTS AND METHODS As part of a prospective controlled study the body weight of 251 patients with CHF was monitored over one year. The supervising center contacted the patients whenever their body weight exceeded a threshold value. Patients were phoned by a designated personal adviser and received regular informative material and advice by specialist medical personnel. Patients' general practitioners had been involved in recruiting patients and by regularly sending them follow-up reports. Another group of 251 patients who had not received the described telemetric intervention served as control. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 71.7 years, lower than the 76.4 years of the control group. More patients in the intervention groups were in NYHA class III and IV than in the control group (52 % vs 36 %). After an average observation period of 12 months the duration of hospital stay had been reduced by 48 % (p = 0.01), the hospital costs by EUR 7128 per patient p = 0.01), while drug expenditure had increased by EUR 245 per patient (not significant). The total costs had thus fallen by EUR 6993 per patient (-39.5 %; p = 0.05). The mortality rate of 14.7 % in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group of 27.1 % (p = 0.001). The reduction in costs and mortality rate was clearly greater for men than women. Total expenditure had been highest for patients who had died. CONCLUSION The results indicate that total treatment costs and mortality rate can be reduced by telemetric monitoring of patients in CHF, especially in men.
Production and clearance of cyclobutane dipyrimidine dimers in UV‐irradiated skin pretreated with 1% pimecrolimus or 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide creams in normal and atopic patients

Background: Ultraviolet (UV)‐induced pyrimidine dimers are an early step in skin carcinogenesis, which is accelerated in the setting of long‐term immunosuppression with systemic calcineurin inhibitors. It is not known whether topical application of calcineurin inhibitors exposes to a similar risk.
Matching simulation and experiment (extended abstract): a new simplified model for simulating protein folding

Simulations of simplified protein folding models have provided much insight into solving the protein folding problem. We propose here a new off-lattice bead model, capable of simulating several different fold classes of small proteins. We present the sequence for an α/β protein resembling the IgG-binding proteins L and G. The thermodynamics of the folding process for this model are characterized using the multiple multi-histogram method combined with constant-temperature Langevin simulations. The folding is shown to be highly cooperative, with chain collapse nearly accompanying folding. Two parallel folding pathways are shown to exist on the folding free energy landscape. One pathway contains an intermediate—similar to experiments on protein G, and one pathway contains no intermediates—similar to experiments on protein L. The folding kinetics are characterized by tabulating mean-first passage times, and we show that the onset of glasslike kinetics occurs at much lower temperatures than the folding temperature. This model is expected to be useful in many future contexts; investigating questions of the role of local versus non-local interactions in various fold classes, addressing the effect of sequence mutations affecting secondary structure propensities, and providing a computationally feasible model for studying the role of solvation forces in protein folding.
Where is the governance in Internet governance?

The governance of the Internet provides one of the most important arenas in which new ideas regarding Internet studies can be applied and tested. This paper critiques the prevailing conceptualization of Internet governance. The label is routinely applied to the study of a few formal global institutions with limited or no impact on governance, but not to studies of the many activities that actually shape and regulate the use and evolution of the Internet, such as Internet service provider interconnection, security incident response or content filtering. Consequently, current conceptualizations of Internet governance inflate the presence and influence of state actors. Furthermore, they undermine efforts to understand how large-scale distributed systems in the global economy can be governed in the absence of formalized international regimes. We conclude by discussing how concepts of networked governance can be applied and extended to illuminate the study of Internet governance.
The Muscles of Mastication in the Caspian Seal (Phoca caspica)

The muscles of mastication and their related skull characters in the Caspian seal (Phoca caspica) were anatomically examined and compared with those of the Baikal (Phoca sibirica) and ringed (Phoca hispida) seals. A well‐developed masseter muscle was observed in the Caspian seal, whereas the temporal muscle consisted of thin bundles. The skull of the Caspian seal possessed the same thin frontal bone and the dorso‐ventrally developed zygomatic arch found in the Baikal seal that are required to install the enlarged eyeball into the orbit. The temporal bone was not robust, and the digastric muscle was well‐developed in the ventral space of the auditory bulla. The present results suggest that the skull form of the Caspian seal has changed morphologically from its ringed seal‐like ancestors, and suggest that the evolutionary strategy of the muscles of mastication in the Caspian seal is principally consistent with that of the Baikal seal.
The Affect in Play Scale: Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Elementary School Children

The aim of this paper was to study the construct validity of the Affect in Play Scale, an empirically based measure of pretend play, in a group of 519 Italian children ages 6 to 10 years. In confirmatory factor analysis, a correlated two-factor structure with a cognitive and an affective factor was identified. Possible differences in factor scores by sex and age were investigated but no significant differences were found.
Fault Detection for Non-Gaussian Processes Using Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis and Randomized Algorithms

In this paper, we first study a generalized canonical correlation analysis (CCA)-based fault detection (FD) method aiming at maximizing the fault detectability under an acceptable false alarm rate. More specifically, two residual signals are generated for detecting of faults in input and output subspaces, respectively. The minimum covariances of the two residual signals are achieved by taking the correlation between input and output into account. Considering the limited application scope of the generalized CCA due to the Gaussian assumption on the process noises, an FD technique combining the generalized CCA with the threshold-setting based on the randomized algorithm is proposed and applied to the simulated traction drive control system of high-speed trains. The achieved results show that the proposed method is able to improve the detection performance significantly in comparison with the standard generalized CCA-based FD method.
A Serologieal Survey on Prevalenee of Sheep Border Disease in Iran

Summal} This survey was carried out via serum neutralization and ELISA tests with NADL strain ofBVD virus. The sheep sera were collected from 8 different provinces of Iran. By SN test the rate of infection in ail provinces was 13.5%. Chaharrnahal-Bakhtiary and Khorasan showed highest (21.2%) and lowest rate (4.1%) rate of infection. By ELISA the total rate ofinfectivity came out to be 11.9% while by SN test using border disease virus (isolated from Iran) this rate was 12.8%. Statistical analysis revealed no significance differences in these results. According to the age, the lambs between 4-8 months showed lowest (8.1 %) and those over 18 months had the highest (18.3%) infection rate.