Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online Students' Perceived Self-Efficacy: Does It Change?.

Two types of self-efficacy were investigated in this study: self-efficacy for course content and self-efficacy for online learning technologies. Specifically, the study examined how these two types of selfefficacy change throughout a semester. Secondly, it examined whether students' self-efficacy is predicative of their satisfaction and course performance. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) self-efficacy for both course content and online learning technologies change across a semester; (2) selfefficacy is predictive of student satisfaction with course; (3) self-efficacy is predictive of course performance. Participants were undergraduate students who enrolled in an online course at the University of Central Florida. In an attempt to longitudinally gauge the student's continuing self-efficacy, a self-efficacy survey for the course content and online learning technologies was administered every three weeks (Four times across a semester). At the end of the semester, students' perceived degree of satisfaction with the online course was measured and students' final course scores were obtained from the instructor. Results indicated that both self-efficacy for course content and self-efficacy for online technologies increased during the semester. In addition, while initial self-efficacy for course content was a significant predicator of students' satisfaction with the course, neither self-efficacy with the course content nor self-efficacy with online technologies was a significant predictor of performance. (Contains 39 references.) (Author/AEF) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Online Students' Perceived SelfEfficacy: Does It Change? By: Lee, Cheng-Yuan; Witta, E. Lea PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) ti This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.
Dynamics in Braess Paradox with Nonimpulsive Commuters

In Braess paradox the addiction of an extra resource creates a social dilemma in which the individual rationality leads to collective irrationality. In the literature, the dynamics has been analyzed when considering impulsive commuters, i.e., those who switch choice regardless of the actual difference between costs. We analyze a dynamical version of the paradox with nonimpulsive commuters, who change road proportionally to the cost difference. When only two roads are available, we provide a rigorous proof of the existence of a unique fixed point showing that it is globally attracting even if locally unstable. When a new road is added the system becomes discontinuous and two-dimensional. We prove that still a unique fixed point exists, and its global attractivity is numerically evidenced, also when the fixed point is locally unstable. Our analysis adds a new insight in the understanding of dynamics in social dilemma.
Modelling residential mobility: factors associated with the movement of children in Greater Johannesburg, South Africa

Conceptualisation of child residential mobility has been influenced by developed country contexts; however, trends and models for movement are likely to differ in transitional societies. This paper uses event-history analysis to model the residential movements of South African urban children in the Birth to Twenty cohort over their first 14 years of life. Associations with mobility of children are tested over a set of domains relating to the child, the child's primary caregiver, and the child's household. A methodological approach is proposed for analysing repeated moves using multi-level models, which are adapted to maximise information from children who dropped out of the study or who had long gaps in their residential histories. The results indicate mobility is associated with economic disadvantage with children whose primary caregivers had no formal education and who lived in households with fewer assets and less access to services being more likely to change residence. The study suggests potential risks for mobile children in urban environments who may be more likely to be exposed to disruption or compromised living conditions.
The Model of Quality of Life Improvement for Chronic Patients in Community by Using Social Support

Problem statement: Caring for a chronically ill-patients is a complex process which require the cooperation and social support to manage a chronic disease. It need an interaction of a large number of actors or collaborations from health care personnel of different organizations. Questions were raised to develop an appropriate intervention and the model of QOL improvement for chronic-patients in the community. Approach: To (1) develop the Quality Of Life (QOL) improvement for chronic illness patients in community by using social support program (2) evaluate the effects of the program on perception of illness, severity of illness, benefits and barriers of health promotion, health behaviors, Quality Of Life (QOL) and stress level. Participatory Action Research (PAR) was used. It was consisted of two phrases. The participants in first phase including with nurses, nutritionist, patients, caregivers, Village Health Volunteers (VHVs) and research team. The second phrase was to implement the interventions and evaluation. A total of 10 VHVs and 50 participants who met the inclusion criteria. The intervention composed of 2 main programs; (1)The VHVs were trained for 1 month as a comprehensive program to be a healthcare team collaboration. (2)The chronically ill-patients received main interventions including self-care education, apply Thai traditional medicine and home visits. Descriptive statistics and t-test were use to evaluate the pre-post intervention. Results: The majority of the participants were female (n = 38,76%), with the mean age of 66.68 years (SD = 17.20), 85% caring by their children and 42.5% by their relatives. Most participants came from low income family (40%). The post test score on each item showed that after intervention, changed scores on all five items (before-after), how ever the changes were statistically significantly (0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggested the set of interventions were effective to improve QOL of chronic patients and it was the appropriate model. To improve health care providers’s knowledge, skills and increasing of collaborations among multidisciplinary team, Local Administration Organization (LAO). VHVs and Health Care Service Centre were strongly recommended to work with chronic patients.
Inference and Prediction for High Dimensional Data via Penalized Regression and Kernel Machine Methods

Analysis of high dimensional data often seeks to identify a subset of important features and assess their effects on the outcome. Furthermore, the ultimate goal is often to build a prediction model with these features that accurately assesses risk for future subjects. Such statistical challenges arise in the study of genetic associations with health outcomes. However, accurate inference and prediction with genetic information remains challenging, in part due to the complexity in the genetic architecture of human health and disease. A valuable approach for improving prediction models with a large number of potential predictors is to build a parsimonious model that includes only important variables. Regularized regression methods are useful, though often pose challenges for inference due to nonstandard limiting distributions or finite sample distributions that are difficult to approximate. In Chapter 1 we propose and theoretically justify a perturbation-resampling method to derive confidence regions and covariance estimates for marker effects estimated from regularized procedures with a general class of objective functions and concave penalties. Our methods outperform their asymptotic-based counterparts, even when effects are estimated as zero.
Quasi-3 D Simultaneous Topographical , Optical , Chemical and Electrical Mapping of Organic Solar Cells at the Nanoscale

Novel optoelectronic devices use advanced nanomaterials systems, such as multi-component organic or hybrid semiconductors, where nanoscale morphology can crucially affect performance 2, . However, currently there are few analytical techniques that can directly correlate morphology with optoelectronic properties or chemical composition at nanometre length-scales presenting a major obstacle to device optimisation. Herein, we demonstrate a unique approach that allows simultaneous quasi-3D topographical, optical, chemical and electrical mapping of organic optoelectronic devices with an optical and photocurrent lateral resolution of 15 – 20 nm by combining tip-enhanced optical spectroscopy (TEOS) with photoconductive atomic force microscopy (PC-AFM) into a single measurement. We show that the rich information obtained from these multi-parameter measurements, directly correlating nanoscale local composition with topography and optoelectronic properties, can be used to infer the 3D composition distribution in the blend, successfully describe the relationship between nanostructure and performance in bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, and identify routes to performance improvement.
PREDICTION MARKETS: AN EXTENDED LITERATURE REVIEW

This paper presents an attempt to study and monitor the evolution of research on prediction markets (PM). It provides an extended literature review and classification scheme. The former consists of 155 articles, published between 1990 and 2006. The results show that an increasing volume of PM research has been conducted in a very diverse range of areas. The articles are further classified and the results of this classification are presented, based on a scheme that consists of four main categories: description, theoretical work, applications, and law and politics. A comprehensive list of references concludes this literature review. It is the authors' intention to provide an expedient source for anyone interested in PM research and motivate further interest.
Selected aspects of economic socialization and saving behavior – comparative study

One consequence of the current economic crisis raised by politicians, economists and educators is the issue of individual economic resourcefulness of people, manifested inter alia in saving. The results of previous studies suggest that the propensity to save is related to the level of economic knowledge. The referenced study is to analyze the forms of formal and informal economic education and savings behavior of young people from three European countries: Poland, Ukraine and Denmark. Those countries have different current situation as well as socio-economic history. Also, the level of society financial status varies, which may significantly affect the analyzed saving behavior. The respondents group consists of 120 young people who enter the labor market and take the first independent financial decisions. The conducted analysis shows that there are significant differences between Poles, Ukrainians and Danes in the aspect of educational influences remembered from childhood. With regard to the saving behavior, the majority of respondents declare saving money, the frequency of these behaviors is similar in the groups of Ukrainians and Danes, and slightly higher among respondents from Poland. Moreover, the most regular saving habits characterizing respondents from Denmark, while answers of Poles and Ukrainians are similar. The results suggest that economic education, both formal and informal, plays a virtual role in shaping young people's behavior, but individual's economic statement sets the boundaries of saving behavior.
EFFECT OF CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) PROTECTED BY FORMALDEHYDE ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL QUALITY OF LAMB

This study was conducted to determine the effect of crude palm oil (CPO) protected byformaldehyde on chemical and physical quality of lamb. The research design applied was completelyrandomized design with 3 treatments and 5 replications Fifteen local male sheeps aged 9-12 monthsweighing 14-17 kg were divided into 3 groups for different ration treatments. The first group receivedonly basal ration (R0), the 2nd group received basal ration and 3% of CPO (R1), while the 3rd groupreceived basal ration and 3% of CPO protected by 2% of formaldehyde (R2). The data were analyzed byanalysis of variance. The differences among treatments were tested by Duncan’s New Multiple RangeTest. The results showed that the addition of CPO protected by formaldehyde (R2) in the sheep dietincreased lamb protein and fat content (P<0.05), produced tenderer lamb (P<0.01) with lower cookingloss (P<0.01). The diet with CPO protected by formaldehyde can improve the chemical and physicalquality of meat sheeps.
Improving the Use of Experimental Auctions in Africa: Theory and Evidence

Experimental auctions have not been widely used in Africa. However, auctions are important tools for evaluating new products and technologies. To increase the quality of these experiments, we explore an alternative first-price bidding mechanism that is more similar to African market exchanges and we analyze factors likely to affect bidding. Experiments with African consumers show that the proposed first-price mechanism has no advantage over conventional second-price mechanisms. Results show high and significant cash-in-hand, experimenter, and time of day effects in main rounds, and significant ordering effects in test rounds. These effects need to be carefully considered when applying the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism in Africa.
Success and failure in translation of findings from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis to multiple sclerosis

Despite the differences between multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), most of the knowledge on immune-mediated tissue damage in MS is based on data from EAE. Immune response– modifying therapies such as TNFα inhibitors, glatiramer acetate (GA) or natalizumab have been studied in rodents and have been translated into treatment for patients with varying success. In humans treatment with an anti TNF monoclonal antibody or a recombinant TNF receptor Ig fusion protein resulted in enhanced inflammation. In contrast, findings from GA or natalizumab have been successful in human translation. Findings of EAE studies should be interpreted carefully and should be confirmed using substances (proof of principle). Only if successful, these substances should be studied in humans.
On the development of a full-scale numerical towing tank Reynolds scaling effects on ducted propellers and wakefields

The continuously increasing computer power has made it possible to make performance calculations based on RANS CFD method for propellers within commercial acceptable lead times nowadays. Wartsila has decided to extent the scope of the numerical analyses, to include the ship hull geometry as well. The final goal is to have a full scale numerical towing tank in operation within the next few years. This ambitious plan can be divided into several building blocks, like developing method to calculate open water performance and the implementation of the cavitation model. In this paper two building blocks will be discussed in more detail. The first topic is about the Reynolds scaling effects on ducted propellers, like the well-known 19Anozzle. The performance of the propeller and nozzle are split into pumping efficiency and loss-coefficients. Comparison of model scale and full scale calculations give a clear explanation of the scaling effects observed. The second topic is the method to calculate wakefields. It is confirmed once more that there are clear scaling effects on the wakefields as well.
The cohomological Hall algebra of a preprojective algebra

We introduce for each quiver Q and each algebraic oriented cohomology theory A , the cohomological Hall algebra (CoHA) of Q , as the A ‐homology of the moduli of representations of the preprojective algebra of Q . This generalizes the K ‐theoretic Hall algebra of commuting varieties defined by Schiffmann–Vasserot [‘The elliptic Hall algebra and the K‐theory of the Hilbert scheme of A2 ’, Duke Math. J. 162 (2013) 279–366. ]. When A is the Morava K ‐theory, we show evidence that this algebra is a candidate for Lusztig's reformulated conjecture on modular representations of algebraic groups [Lusztig, ‘On the character of certain irreducible modular representations’, Represent. Theory 19 (2015) 3–8; Joint Seminar, Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, October 28, 2014].
Investigating the Onset of Color Transparency with CLAS

One of the fundamental predictions of QCD is the phenomenon of Color Transparency (CT), which was first described more than two decades ago [2, 3]. CT describes the process by which a color singlet object with a reduced transverse size has a vanishingly small interaction cross section when propagating through a nucleus. Such a Point Like Configuration (PCL) can be created in a scattering experiment at high momentum transfer (Q). See one of the many review articles for details [4, 5, 6]. Experimentally the onset of CT can be observed as a rise in the nuclear transparency, TA = σA AσN with increasing Q. Many experiments have looked for a signal of CT but only a few have observed one. For an overview of the experimental status see [7]. The reaction used in this experiment is incoherent electro-production of ρ mesons off nuclei, which offers many advantages. It is expected that the onset of CT occurs at a lower Q for a meson (qq) compared to a hadron (qqq)[8]. Also, since the ρ is a vector meson, the production mechanism is well understood by the Vector Meson Dominance model (VMD) as the fluctuation of a photon (which has the same quantum numbers as a vector meson) into a (qq) pair. The photon at high virtuality Q is expected to produce a pair with small ∼ 1/Q transverse separation. CT then manifests itself as a vanishing absorption of this (qq) pair as it propagates through the nucleus [9, 10]. The dynamical evolution of the small size (qq) pair to a normal sized vector meson is controlled by the time scale called the formation time. In the rest frame of the nucleus this is given by tf = 2ν m′2 V −mV , where V ′ represents the first excited state of the meson and V represents the ground state. This formation time needs to be sufficiently long to be able to observe CT.
Application Weibull regression in the study of survival patients evolved by Gastric cancer

: Background and purpose: The survival rate of gastric cancer patients has significantly increased during the last decades because of the advances in this type of cancer treatment. The purpose of the current study was to examine the survival levels of gastric cancer through Weibull regression and its affective causes. Materials and methods: In this research, the records and personal information of 643 patients who were evolved by gastric cancer and referred to Imam Khomeini hospital of Sari (2007- 2013) were studied in order to determine their levels of survival. During the study, 74 cases of patients were exempted from the study due to their defective data, and the data collected from 569 cases were analyzed to obtain the results. In the current study, the impact of factors affecting Survival time was determined using the Weibull regression model. The analysis of data was performed using Stata statistical Software in 0.05 significance level. Results: The findings of the study showed that patients were estimated to experience 5 years of survival probability equal to 0.75, 0.68, 0.54, 0.41, 0.3 during the time period November – December, 2013 the 1, 2, 3, 4 with a median survival time equal to 19 months, resulting in a survival mean equal to 24.49 months. Based on the Univariate and Multivariate analyses methods, some variables like: stage and metastasis were determined as the affective factors on the survival probability (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: In this study, it was then concluded that the life span of examined patients is very low in comparison with developed countries, which might be because of late reference or delayed diagnosis and the lack of facilities for treatment. Thus, the factors such as earlier diagnosis of the problem and screen methods could certainly influence and increase the patients' survival rate.
Evaluation of Classroom Physical Adjustments for Inclusion of Pupils with Physical Disability within Inclusive Public Primary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya

Kenya has always placed education as a priority at all levels, promoting it as a key driver for social and economic development. However, as schools are increasingly challenged to serve a diverse population of pupils, much of the concern now is no longer whether to provide inclusive education, but how to implement inclusive education in ways that are both feasible and effective in ensuring schooling success for all children. In relation to this, the government of Kenya recognizes the importance of special needs education as a crucial subsector for accelerating the attainment of Education for All (EFA) and the millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However, the Salamanca Statement reported great concern for learners with special needs being enabled to learn in a conducive environment. This includes adjustment of anything in the education sector that hinders imparting knowledge and skills to the learners, such as those with physical disability. Therefore, certain classroom conditions are paramount within inclusive schools for children with physical disability to enable enhancement of their learning activities. This paper therefore realized this and aimed at evaluating the preparedness in terms of classroom physical adjustments of the selected inclusive public primary schools to accommodate pupils with physical disability.This study adopted mixed method research paradigm. Descriptive survey research and phenomenology designs were used. The findings indicate that there are inadequate classroom physical adjustments for inclusion of pupils with physical disability.
Assessing the Impact of CEO Activism

CEO activism refers to corporate leaders speaking out on social and environmental policy issues not directly related to their company’s core business, which distinguishes it from nonmarket strategy and traditional corporate social responsibility. In the first study of this phenomenon, we implement two framed field experiments to provide evidence on how CEO activism can influence public opinions about government policies and consumer attitudes about the CEO’s company.