Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The good old days and a better tomorrow: Historical representations and future imaginations of China during the 2008

Based on the stereotype content model, we examined Mainland and Hong Kong Chinese’ historical represen-tations and future imaginations of China during the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Among Mainland Chinese, China’sunprecedented economic growth and the resulted value competition led to the expectation of a more competentChina in the future (
Thirty years of Evidence-based Librarianship (EBL):Citation analysis and review

The main objective of this study was to visualize the trend of scientific production on Evidence Based Librarianship (EBL)and identify the active authors, the top institutes, the leading countries and accordingly, to articulate the contribution of Iranian authors on EBL in comparison with other countries. Utilizing advanced search strategy using related terms Scopus database was searched. Queries were formulated based on SPICE, limiting the searches to “title”,”abstract” and “keywords”. Then searched was narrowed to the time span 1985–2014 with no language limitation. A manual search was also carried out on references to drill down more in bibliographical information. The search results provided us with 512 records, 392 of them were original papers and 120 theoretical and narrative reviews. The USA, England and Canada were leading countries in publishing the EBL papers. Journal of Health Information and Libraries with 92 records was the core and active journal in Evidence Based Librarianship. Findings indicated that,Iranian authors have a small contribution to world’s publications on EBL, in comparison with other countries. This study suggests that, EBL has a potentiality to establish a wide research front. For that it is eligible to more concentration in curriculum of library science education. This will support And empower the practice of library education and services based on evidence, especially in countries out of the three leading countries and in developing world.
Thirty‐year trends in acid deposition and neutralization in two headwater catchments, northwestern Massachusetts, USA

Long‐term decreases in acidic precursors have changed the chemistry of precipitation and streamflow in two moderately to well‐buffered, forested headwater catchments in the Taconic Range of western New England, USA. We report 30‐year geochemical trends from Birch Brook and annual and seasonal variations from Birch Brook and adjacent Ford Glen, which drain phyllitic and carbonate bedrock. Median pH of precipitation has increased irregularly since 1983, consistent with regional trends. Increases in precipitation pH and decreases in sulfate (SO42−) correspond with increasing stream pH and decreasing SO42− concentration and flux over at least the past 30 years. Calcium (Ca2+) concentration and acid‐neutralizing capacity (ANC) in Birch Brook began to increase about 2005, in contrast to geochemical indicators from some poorly buffered catchments in the NE USA. Point and longitudinal sampling over a range of flows show that Birch Brook chemistry is a mixture of upstream source waters (throughfall, soil water, and ground water) with different chemistries. Acidic precipitation and shallow soil water affect stream chemistry directly only in the upper reaches of Birch Brook and during periods of extremely high flow, such as snowmelt. Ford Glen has high ANC and is near saturation with calcite at most flows. Long‐term trends measured at Birch Brook and at other streams in western Massachusetts show that stream chemistry reflects changes in acidic deposition in upland catchments, even where ecosystem geochemistry is well buffered by bedrock composition.
Managing human pressures to restore ecosystem health of Zanzibar coastal waters

Zanzibar is a small (2461km2), densely populated (530 people per km2) archipelago, approximately 30 km off the coast of Tanzania. The coastal zone of the Zanzibar archipelago is rich in natural resources and consists of diverse ecosystems including coral reefs, mangroves, seagrass beds, beaches, dunes, estuaries, rocky shores and coastal forests.1 Coral reefs include fringing reefs, which occur as a continuous band off the coasts and patchy reefs mostly found in the channels surrounding Zanzibar. The fringing reef has a reef crest which acts as a wave break, dissipating most of the wave energy thus protecting the back-reef lagoons and the beach where seaweeds are cultivated. Coral reefs are associated with highly diverse assemblages of fishes and are estimated to support up to 70% of the artisanal fisheries conducted in Zanzibar waters,2 providing an income to about 20% of the Zanzibar population3 and an important local protein supply. Seagrasses around Zanzibar dominate on soft bottoms in the shallow waters of back-reef lagoons, estuaries and intertidal areas. Seagrass beds support valuable fishery resources, including prawns and finfish and provide feeding grounds for turtles.
Rethinking English Language Instruction: An Architectural Approach

In this chapter we will present an approach for rethinking English language instruction using an architectural metaphor. We will lay out a blueprint for infusing English language development (ELD) throughout the instructional program, and describe the design features and general instructional principles that underpin high-quality, rigorous second-language teaching. In other words, we will outline how to conceptualize an ELD program, how to design instruction, and how to teach English for academic purposes. We join Fillmore and Snow (2000) in their call for including linguistic knowledge in the wide range of competencies required of teachers. We further suggest that all teachers need not only linguistic knowledge, but also knowledge of how to design a comprehensive approach to ELD. We will present an approach for academic language instruction that helps resolve the acquisition versus direct teaching tension in the second-language literature and provides a workable model for incorporating language teaching throughout the instructional day. Given the increasingly multilingual populations in our schools, to effectively prepare students for success in academic subjects teachers need a focused approach to teaching language in every classroom, in every subject area, every day. It is clear that the need for second-language instruction is growing steadily. In 1980 over half the teachers in the United States either had English language learners or had taught them previously, whereas only one in seventeen had had any coursework in teaching English as a second language (Hamayan & Damico, 1990). The number of English language learners in the United States has increased dramatically in the past decade. The most recent
Striations in molecular clouds: streamers or MHD waves?

Dust continuum and molecular observations of the low column density parts of molecular clouds have revealed the presence of elongated structures which appear to be well aligned with the magnetic field. These so-called striations are usually assumed to be streams that flow towards or away from denser regions. We perform ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations adopting four models that could account for the formation of such structures. In the first two models striations are created by velocity gradients between ambient, parallel streamlines along magnetic field lines. In the third model striations are formed as a result of a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability perpendicular to field lines. Finally, in the fourth model striations are formed from the nonlinear coupling of MHD waves due to density inhomogeneities. We assess the validity of each scenario by comparing the results from our simulations with previous observational studies and results obtained from the analysis of CO (J = 1 - 0) observations from the Taurus molecular cloud. We find that the first three models cannot reproduce the density contrast and the properties of the spatial power spectrum of a perpendicular cut to the long axes of striations. We conclude that the nonlinear coupling of MHD waves is the most probable formation mechanism of striations.
Constitution Of Binary Alloys

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Radio propagation measurements at microwave frequencies for microcellular mobile and personal communications

The design and results of a propagation experiment at 900 MHz and 11 GHz to characterize microcell channels at two distinct frequencies in various environments, from rural to dense urban, are presented. The measurements were made by transmitting a continuous-wave (CW) signal from a mobile source to a fixed base and recording the signal envelope variations as a function of mobile location. The results show the propagation in rural areas is dominated by interference between the direct ray and a specular roadway-reflected ray. In urban areas, the addition of two specular wall-reflected rays adequately represents microcell propagation. Using this simple model, the received signal power as a function of vehicle position in a microcell environment can be accurately predicted. <<ETX>>
Differences in the use of surface water resources by desert birds are revealed using isotopic tracers

ABSTRACT The scarcity of free-standing water sources is a key determinant of animal and plant community structure in arid environments, and an understanding of the extent to which particular species use surface water is vital for modeling the effects of climate change on desert avifauna. We investigated interspecific variation in the use of artificial water sources among birds in the Kalahari Desert, South Africa, by (i) observations at waterholes and (ii) tracing spatial water-use patterns during summer by isotopically labeled water sources and blood sampling. More than 50% of the avian community (primarily insectivores and omnivores) were not observed to drink. The majority (53%) of species drinking at waterholes were granivorous, and their use of surface water was best predicted by their relative abundance in the community. Species representing the remaining dietary guilds drank significantly more on hot days. Blood samples revealed that only 11 of 42 species (mostly granivores and a few omnivores) showed evidence of drinking at a waterhole with enriched deuterium values; on average, in the latter birds, water from the enriched waterhole accounted for ∼38% of their body water pool. These findings illustrate that 2 methods employed in this study provide different, but complementary data on the relative importance of a water source for an avian community. Although our results suggest that most avian species are independent of surface water, drinking patterns on the hottest days during our study period suggest that free-standing water might become more important for some of the non-drinking species under hotter climatic conditions.
Could There Be an Undetected Inner Planet Near the Stability Limit in Kepler-1647?

Kepler-1647b is the most recently discovered planet that transits two stars, i.e., a circumbinary planet (CBP). Due to its large orbital separation, Kepler-1647b stands out from the rest of the Kepler CBPs, which mostly reside on much tighter orbits near the stability limit. The large separation of Kepler-1647b challenges inward disk migration as a dominant formation pathway, suggested by the other Kepler CBPs. In this paper, we consider the possibility of an undetected planet near the stability limit by examining observational consequences of such a planet. We calculate the transit probability of the putative planet, transit timing variations (TTVs) of the known planet, and eclipsing timing variations of the host binary caused by the putative planet. We find the presence of a ≳30 M⊕ inner planet to be highly unlikely near the stability limit. In addition, we provide future TTV observation windows, which will further constrain possible undetected planets with lower masses.
Importance of air pressure in the compensation for the solar radiation effect on temperature sensors of radiosondes

Solar radiation affects temperature measurements by radiosondes considerably in the upper air. In the present study, the effect of both radiation intensity and air pressure on the temperature measurement of radiosonde sensors, as well as reference temperature sensors for comparison, was studied using a home‐built chamber allowing light transmission and pressure control. Temperature measurements were conducted both in the illuminated area and the shaded area inside the radiosonde chamber and the temperature difference (ΔT) between the two was considered for the compensation of radiation. It was found that the temperature difference is linearly proportional to the radiation intensity experimentally as well as theoretically. The effect of air pressure is significant in such a way that the temperature difference rapidly increases up to about 5.5 K under 356.5 W m−2 as the air pressure is decreased down to 1 kPa. The characteristic behaviours of the pressure‐dependent temperature deviation are explained by heat transfer equations. The present study emphasizes the importance of considering both radiation intensity and air pressure in efforts to calibrate radiosonde sensors for the solar radiation effect using ground facilities.
Dynamic analyses of four-bar mechanism in MechAnalyzer software

Kinematic and dynamic analyses of mechanisms or machines form a major part in Theory of Machines course. The kinematic analysis involves study of motion of links or parts and is more intuitive to understand. On the other hand, the results of dynamic analysis which deals with forces and moments, are in the form of graph plots and require better understanding of underlying mathematics to comprehend the results. For the effective teaching of kinematics of mechanisms, the authors have developed MechAnalyzer software which has a set of common planar mechanisms that can be selected and analyzed almost instantly. In this paper, the formulation and the implementation of dynamic analysis of four-bar mechanism is presented. A recursive formulation named DeNOC (Decoupled Natural Orthogonal Complement) has been used to perform the inverse and forward dynamics, the results of which have been validated with a commercial software package.
POLA PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DAN EVALUASI PEMANFAATAN RUANG DI KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

Perkembangan sosial ekonomi wilayah yang dinamis memberikan dampak terhadap penggunaan lahan. Ketersediaan lahan yang tetap mengakibatkan terjadinya persaingan dalam pemanfaatan lahan, dengan konsekuensi perubahan penggunaan lahan yang semakin intensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui pola perubahan penggunaan lahan pada beberapa titik tahun (2001, 2008 dan 2015) di Kabupaten Banjarnegara, dan (2) mengevaluasi kesesuaian antara pemanfaatan ruang saat ini dengan alokasi ruang berdasarkan RTRW Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah analisis spasial pada citra dan analisis inkonsistensi alokasi pola ruang dalam RTRW dan pemanfaatan ruang. Penggunaan lahan di Kabupaten Banjarnegara tahun 2001 didominasi kebun dengan proporsi 40.018,5 ha, tegalan 28.524 ha, sawah 18.319,1 ha , hutan 10.163,8 ha, lahan terbangun 8.895,1 ha, semak belukar 7.203,4 ha, tubuh air 1.716,4 ha dan lahan terbuka 103,2 ha. Pada tahun 2008 terjadi penambahan luasan kebun 1.781,2 ha, lahan terbangun 977,5 ha, semak belukar 618,3 ha, dan tegalan sebesar 155,1 ha. Sementara itu, hutan mengalami penurunan luasan yang siginifikan sebesar 2.498 ha, diikuti oleh sawah sebesar 1.025 ha dan lahan terbuka 9 ha. Pada tahun 2015 terjadi penambahan luasan kebun sebesar 464,1 ha, lahan terbangun 1.048,1 ha, semak belukar 238,6 ha, dan tegalan 474,1 ha. Hutan mengalami penurunan sebesar 1.342,8 ha, sawah 872,8 ha dan lahan terbuka 9,2 ha. Pengaturan alokasi lahan pada pola ruang tahun 2011-2031 Kabupaten Banjarnegara menunjukkan inkonsistensi dengan peta penunjukan kawasan hutan sebesar 13.737 ha atau 11,9% dari luas wilayah. Sementara itu, kondisi penggunaan lahan tahun 2015 di Kabupaten Banjarnegara menunjukkan inkonsistensi dengan alokasi pola ruang sebesar 37.032,7 ha atau 32,1% dari luas wilayah
Association between the built environment, parental perceptions and children's neighborhood travel: an exploration of independent mobility licenses of Hispanic children in the San Francisco Bay Area

This paper will examine socio-demographic and environment correlates of parental licenses for independent travel, paying particular attention to differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic parents’ interpretation of the built and social environment. Parental licenses for neighborhood travel, defined here as parental permission for children to walk in their neighborhoods without adult supervision, can influence children’s health through the physical activity of active transport (Davison, Werder & Lawson, 2008; Page, Cooper, Griew, Davis & Hillsdon, 2009). Increased physical activity is associated with lower body-mass index, and physical activity, in turn, may be linked to features of the physical environment that afford more active travel such as trips to school (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, n.d.). Licenses for independent travel are only one factor in explaining children’s physical activity; other factors include the availability of motorized transport, children’s perceptions of the neighborhood, recreational facilities or programs, children’s competence, and parental support for physical activity (Gordon-Larsen, 2006; Trost et al., 2003).
Synergy between in situ and altimetry data to observe and study Northern Current variations (NW Mediterranean Sea)

Abstract. During the last 15 years, substantial progress has been achieved in altimetry data processing, now providing data with enough accuracy to illustrate the potential of these observations for coastal applications. In parallel, new altimetry techniques improve data quality by reducing land contamination and enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio. Satellite altimetry provides more robust and accurate measurements ever closer to the coast and resolve shorter ocean signals. An important issue is now to learn how to use altimetry data in conjunction with other coastal observing techniques. Here, we cross-compare and combine the coastal currents provided by large datasets of ship-mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs), gliders, high-frequency (HF) radars and altimetry. We analyze how the different available observing techniques, with a particular focus on altimetry, capture the Northern Current variability at different timescales. We also study the coherence, divergence and complementarity of the information derived from the different instruments considered. Two generations of altimetry missions and both 1 Hz and high-rate measurements are used: Jason-2 (nadir Ku-band radar) and SARAL/AltiKa (nadir Ka-band altimetry); their performances are compared. In terms of mean speed of the Northern Current, a very good spatial continuity and coherence is observed at regional scale, showing the complementarity among the types of current measurements. In terms of current variability, there is still a good spatial coherence but the Northern Current amplitudes derived from altimetry, glider, ADCP and HF radar data differ, mainly because of differences in their respective spatial and temporal resolutions. If we consider seasonal variations, 1 Hz altimetry captures ∼60 % and ∼55 % of the continental slope current amplitude observed by the gliders and by the ADCPs, respectively. For individual dates this number varies a lot as a function of the characteristics of the Northern Current on the corresponding date, with no clear seasonal tendency observed. Compared to Jason-2, the SARAL altimeter data tend to give estimations of the NC characteristics that are closer to in situ data in a number of cases. The much noisier high-rate altimetry data appear to be more difficult to analyze but they provide current estimates that are generally closer to the other types of current measurements. Thus, satellite altimetry provides a synoptic view of the Northern Current circulation system and variability, which helps to interpret the other observations. Its regular sampling allows for the observation of many features that may be missed by irregular in situ data.
DETERMINATION OF PULSATION PERIODS AND OTHER PARAMETERS OF 2875 STARS CLASSIFIED AS MIRA IN THE ALL SKY AUTOMATED SURVEY (ASAS)

We have developed an interactive PYTHON code and derived crucial ephemeris data of 99.4% of all stars classified as “Mira” in the ASAS database, referring to pulsation periods, mean maximum magnitudes, and whenever possible, the amplitudes among others. We present a statistical comparison between our results and those given by the International Variable Star Index (VSX) of the American Association of Variable Star Observers, as well as those determined with the machine learning automatic procedure of Richards et al. Our periods are in good agreement with those of the VSX in more than 95% of the stars. However, when comparing our periods with those of Richards et al., the coincidence rate is only 76% and most of the remaining cases refer to aliases. We conclude that automatic codes still require more refinements in order to provide reliable period values. Period distributions of the target stars show three local maxima around 215, 275, and 330 days, apparently of universal validity; their relative strength seems to depend on galactic longitude. Our visual amplitude distribution turns out to be bimodal, however, 1/3 of the targets have rather small amplitudes (A < 2.5m) and could refer to semiregular variables (SR). We estimate that about 20% of our targets belong to the SR class. We also provide a list of 63 candidates for period variations and a sample of 35 multiperiodic stars that seem to confirm the universal validity of typical sequences in the double period and in the Petersen diagrams.