Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 5 (CRMP5) Induces Mitophagy, Thereby Regulating Mitochondrion Numbers in Dendrites

Background: Collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5) influences neuronal differentiation and dendrite outgrowth during brain development. Results: CRMP5 is partially located in mitochondrial membranes, inducing mitophagy and reducing mitochondrial content of developing dendrites. Conclusion: Control of mitochondrion numbers by CRMP5 inhibits dendrite growth when the axon is growing. Significance: Learning how dendrite growth is regulated by CRMP5 is important for understanding the establishment of neuronal polarization. Degradation of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy is an essential process to ensure cell homeostasis. Because neurons, which have a high energy demand, are particularly dependent on the mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy represents a key mechanism to ensure correct neuronal function. Collapsin response mediator proteins 5 (CRMP5) belongs to a family of cytosolic proteins involved in axon guidance and neurite outgrowth signaling during neural development. CRMP5, which is highly expressed during brain development, plays an important role in the regulation of neuronal polarity by inhibiting dendrite outgrowth at early developmental stages. Here, we demonstrated that CRMP5 was present in vivo in brain mitochondria and is targeted to the inner mitochondrial membrane. The mitochondrial localization of CRMP5 induced mitophagy. CRMP5 overexpression triggered a drastic change in mitochondrial morphology, increased the number of lysosomes and double membrane vesicles termed autophagosomes, and enhanced the occurrence of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) at the mitochondrial level. Moreover, the lipidated form of LC3, LC3-II, which triggers autophagy by insertion into autophagosomes, enhanced mitophagy initiation. Lysosomal marker translocates at the mitochondrial level, suggesting autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and induced the reduction of mitochondrial content via lysosomal degradation. We show that during early developmental stages the strong expression of endogenous CRMP5, which inhibits dendrite growth, correlated with a decrease of mitochondrial content. In contrast, the knockdown or a decrease of CRMP5 expression at later stages enhanced mitochondrion numbers in cultured neurons, suggesting that CRMP5 modulated these numbers. Our study elucidates a novel regulatory mechanism that utilizes CRMP5-induced mitophagy to orchestrate proper dendrite outgrowth and neuronal function.
Lower Propensity to Pay Dividends? New Evidence from Europe

Recently, some empirical studies reported the phenomenon of the low propensity of firms to dividend payment, concluding that companies have become less likely to pay dividends. In addition, the major parts of these studies sustain the investors' expectations regarding dividend payments also decreased. We analyse the propensity to pay dividends in three European markets: Portugal, France and the UK. Although they are all European markets, they are different from each other for several reasons. Firstly, the UK is one of the most important European capital markets, whereas the French and Portuguese markets are smaller, specially Portugal, that is a very small market compared to other Western European markets. Additionally, these two markets are less intensively researched. Secondly, we have differences in these countries associated with the ownership of equity. In Portugal and France ownership tends to be more concentrated than in the UK. Thirdly, Portugal and France are bank-based system, whereas the UK is a market-based system. Finally, the legal rules covering protection of corporate shareholders is different in the three countries. While the UK is a country of Anglo-Saxon influence, the other two countries are characterised by a continental influence. We find evidence of the decline of firms paying dividends, except for the French market. Moreover, we find evidence suggesting that the Portuguese market does not have such a smoothing dividend policy like the US or the UK markets, but it has a more volatile dividend policy, such as the case of the German market.
for Inducing T Cell Development Maintain Delta-Like Expression Necessary Architecture of the Thymus Is Required to Cutting Edge: Three-Dimensional

The three-dimensional microarchitecture of the thymus plays a unique role in directing T cell lineage commitment and development. This is supported by the fact that, in contrast to fetal thymic organ cultures, thymic stromal cell monolayer cultures (TSMC) fail to support T lymphopoiesis. Nevertheless, OP9-DL1 cell monolayer cultures induce T lineage commitment and differentiation. Thus, the inability of TSMC to support T lymphopoiesis may be due to a loss of Notch ligand expression and/or function during culture. In this study, we report that, in contrast to fetal thymic organ cultures, TSMC fail to maintain expression of the Notch ligands, Delta-like (Dll) 1 and Dll4, and concomitantly lose the ability to support T lymphopoiesis. Importantly, ectopic re-expression of Dll1 or Dll4 is sufficient to restore the ability of TSMC to support T lymphopoiesis. These findings demonstrate that mainte-nance of endogenous Dll1 or Dll4 expression by thymic stromal cells is required for the commitment and differentiation of T cells in the absence of a three-dimensional microenvironment. The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 176: 730–734.
The hematologic toxicity of interleukin‐2 in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma

Background. High dose interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) has been found to produce durable antitumor responses in some patients, benefiting most greatly those patients with melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. In this paper, the hematologic toxicity and changes resulting from high dose IL‐2 alone administered by intravenous bolus are discussed.
Literarische sumerische Texte aus den hethitischen Archiven aus paläographischer Sicht – Teil II

Abstract This article discusses some aspects of the literary texts in or with parts written in the Sumerian language from the Hittite archives – focusing questions of textual traditions and the role these texts play in the context of the scribal training in the Hittite capital. A second aim is to demonstrate that palaeography and the study of the “orthography” of these texts are valuable methods in helping us to understand more about this interesting material. What can we learn from these examples is that obviously there are a lot of different aspects vis-à-vis the interests of Hittite scholars in foreign textual materials.
Sun-Safety Behavior among Elementary School Children: The Role of Knowledge, Social Norms, and Parental Involvement

98 children in Grades 4, 5, and 6 were surveyed in 1997 for their knowledge of sunlight's harmful effects, attitude toward and frequency of usage of sun-safety devices, perceived peer pressure against sun-safe behavior, and parental encouragement for practicing sun-safe behavior. Children exhibited low knowledge of harmful effects of sun exposure and perceived the threat as remote. Of the two primary determinants of sunscreen usage, parental reminders and a positive attitude towards sunscreen use, the former was dominant. The knowledge of harmful effects of sun exposure, the primary focus of most interventions, does not appear to be the most critical variable influencing children's sun-safety behavior; parental involvement does.
Lyophilized Powder of Catalpol and Puerarin Protected Cerebral Vessels from Ischemia by Its Anti-apoptosis on Endothelial Cells

Catalpol and puerarin are two monomers of Rehmannia glutinosa and Lobed Kudzuvine Root, which are two herbs commonly used together in ancient prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine for cerebral ischemia. Our previous study shows that the lyophilized powder of the two monomers improved the outcome of cerebral ischemia excellently in rodents. However, if it protects vessels from ischemia is unknown. The present research studied the protection of lyophilized powder of catalpol and puerarin (CP) on endothelial cells and the relative mechanism in vivo and in vitro. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats were used to study the improvement of CP on neurological deficiency, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and infarct volume. The morphology of vessels and the apoptosis of brain vascular endothelial cells (BVECs) were observed and detected by immunohistochemistry approaches. To study how CP protected primary BVECs (pBVECs) from ischemic penumbra, oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-damaged pBVECs were cultured in the condition of insufficient nutrition and low oxygen which recapitulate the low perfusion of ischemic penumbra. Using the cell model, the mechanism by which CP protected pBVECs was studied by shRNA and pathway inhibitors. CP at the dose of 65.4 mg/kg increased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), reduced infarct volume, protected vessel integrity and inhibited endothelial cell apoptosis in vivo. But it only improved rCBF, vessel integrity and BVECs apoptosis at the dose of 32.7 mg/kg. In vitro, the protection of CP on pBVECs was proved to be ERK/HIF-1a- and PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1a-dependent. This study indicates a possibility of CP being a new drug for cerebral ischemia. Besides, this research provides an alternative cell model for penumbra ECs study.
Individual and work environment characteristics associated with error occurrences in Korean public hospitals.

AIMS To determine individual and work environment characteristics associated with the occurrence of errors in Korean public hospitals. BACKGROUND Medical errors are affected by individual and work environment characteristics. Few studies have examined the factors influencing medical errors, including perceptions of safety climate and individual and organisational characteristics. DESIGN A survey. METHODS A questionnaire was distributed to 2358 nurses in 33 public hospitals to collect information on the frequency of errors, perceptions of safety climate and general characteristics of the participants. Data on hospital characteristics were obtained from the Regional Public Hospital Profile. The response rate was 89·7%. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors influencing the occurrence of errors. RESULTS Of the participants, 19% reported having made at least one error in the previous year. Nurses with better perceptions of workgroup- (OR = 0·73) and organisation- (OR = 0·69) level safety climate were less likely to make errors. Nurses with less than 3 years of nursing experience (OR = 2·05) were more likely to make errors than those with ten years or more. Nurses working at Red Cross hospitals (OR = 1·63) and in rural areas (OR = 2·04) were more likely to make errors than those at Regional Medical Centres and in urban areas, respectively. CONCLUSION The factors associated with the occurrence of errors were perceived safety climate, years of nursing experience and hospitals' ownership and location. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Public hospital executives and nurse managers should be actively involved in creating a strong safety climate. Furthermore, training programmes and managerial support focussed on improving patient safety and directed at less experienced nurses, especially those working at Red Cross hospitals in rural areas, need to be emphasised to prevent errors.
The role of emotion transition for the perception of social dominance and affiliation

ABSTRACT Individuals who show anger are rated as higher in dominance and lower in affiliation, whereas those who express sadness are rated lower in dominance and higher in affiliation. Little is known about situations where people show both expressions in sequence as happens when a first emotional reaction is followed by a second, different one. This question was examined in two studies. Overall, we found that the last emotion shown had a strong impact on perceived behavioural intentions. However, the information about the previously shown emotion was also integrated. The specific mode of integration was dependent on the salience of the change and naive theories about the type of person who changes their emotion in the face of changing events.
A Friendly Turn: Advertising Bias in the News Media

This paper investigates whether newspapers report more favorably about advertising corporate clients than about other firms. Our identification strategy based on high-dimensional fixed effects and high frequency advertising data shows that advertising leads to more positive press coverage. This advertising bias in reporting is found among local and national newspapers. Further results show that advertising bias manifests particularly in less negative reporting after bad news events such as negative earnings surprises or extremely negative stock returns. Our findings cast doubt on the independence of the press from corporate pressure and hint at important information frictions.
Cancer incidence and mortality in Chukotka, 1997–2010

Objectives . The general aim was to assess cancer incidence and mortality among the general population of Chukotka in 1997–2010 and to compare it with the population of Russia. Methods . Cancer data were abstracted from the annual statistical reports of the P.A. Hertzen Research Institute of Oncology in Moscow. The annual number and percent of cases, crude and age-standardized cancer incidence (ASIR) and mortality (ASMR) rates per 100,000 among men and women in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug were determined for the period 1997–2010 for incidence and 1999–2010 for mortality. Two years’ data were aggregated to generate temporal trends during the period. In age-standardization, the Segi-Doll world standard population used by the International Agency for Research on Cancer was used. Results . The higher incidence and mortality rate of cancer (all sites combined) among men compared to women, which was observed in Russia nationally, was reflected also in Chukotka, although the difference between men and women was not statistically significant. Overall, the patterns of cancer sites are similar between Chukotka and Russia, with cancer of the lung/trachea/bronchus and stomach occupying the top ranks among men. Oesophageal cancer is common in Chukotka but not in Russia, whereas prostate cancer is common in Russia but not in Chukotka. Among women, breast cancer is either the commonest or second commonest cancer in terms of incidence or mortality in both Chukotka and Russia. Cancer of the lung/trachea/bronchi ranks higher in Chukotka than in Russia. The rate of cancer incidence and mortality for all sites combined during the 13-year period was relatively stable in Russia. Dividing the period into two halves, an increase among both men and women was observed in Chukotka for all sites combined, and also for colorectal cancer. Conclusions . This paper presents previously unavailable cancer epidemiological data on Chukotka. They provide a basis for comparative studies across circumpolar regions and countries. With its small population, cancer rates in Chukotka tend to be highly unstable and fluctuate widely from year to year. Even when aggregated over a decade or more, only broad conclusions regarding patterns and trends can be made regarding some of the commonest cancer sites, or with all sites combined. Chukotka experienced substantial social and economic dislocations during the period under study, which could conceivably affect risk factor distribution and the quality of medical care.
Keratocystic odontogenic tumor with ossification and calcification: A case report with unusual histological findings

The keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), formerly known as odontogenic keratocyst, is a benign developmental odontogenic tumor with many distinguishing clinical and histologic features. Hard tissue deposits, which usually take the form of dystrophic calcifications, cartilaginous tissue, or dentinoid, are uncommon findings in the connective tissue capsule of the KCOT. We report a case of a 33-year-old female with KCOT showing osseous tissue and calcified deposits close to its epithelial lining, which is an extremely rare occurrence. A brief review on the reported prevalence of hard tissue deposits in KCOTs and possible mechanisms that has been implicated in mineralization and bone formation has been discussed.
Exploring User-Created Digital Content Ecosystem: A Study of China's Digital Celebrity Industry

This paper explores the user-generated digital content ecosystem. User-generated content (UGC) is not new in Information Systems. Nonetheless, few research has looked in-depth the value of these content beyond marketing purposes. Considering the increasing variety of content that users can produce and the ease of distribution, the content industry has long been adapting to the disruptions, realizing that these selfgenerated contents can bring challenging management issues. This paper offers an analysis of the recent emergence of digital celebrities, or Wanghong in China. By adopting value co-creation as the theoretical lens, this study aims to 1) expand the contemporary understanding of UGC as the core product of digital content industry, shedding light on the economic value of self-generated content as part of creative and cultural industry, and 2) articulate the evolution of the user-generated digital content ecosystem, providing an actionable view of ecosystem strategy
Personalized , Adaptive Digital Educational Games using Narrative Game-Based Learning Objects

Storytelling and gaming approaches are used as motivational instruments for suspenseful, engaging learning. This chapter describes the concept of Narrative Game-Based Learning Objects (NGLOB), providing a model of how to combine these different axes (narration, gaming, and learning) and how to apply it within personalized, adaptive Digital Educational Games (DEG). From a research perspective, this results in one of the main technical challenges of Serious Games (SG): personalization and adaptation. Here, the central question might be summarized with “How does one create and control a game during play considering the game context and characteristics of individual users or user groups? ” This question and the use of NGLOBs are illustrated through the example of “Save the Earth” for teaching and learning geography. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-3673-6.ch005
Adaptive Method for AUV Navigation Using Stereo Vision

Adaptive method for autonomous underwater vehicle /AUV/ visual navigation using the sequence of stereo images is discussed in the paper. The designed method allows to improve the precision of the AUV positioning and to decrease the computational demand for the real time system operation. During the AUV mission execution the task of precise localization and navigation in undetermined environment must be solved. Our solution is based on visual data processing that is supposed as an additional means to the traditionally used hydro acoustical positioning systems. The method discussed in the paper is based on the method of visual odometry. Some results of simulation and field trials of designed algorithms using AUV Junior are supplemented.
Disease‐oriented treatment of T‐cell lymphoma

Natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphomas are relatively rare lymphoid malignancies, and their incidence accounts for 10% to 20% of non‐ Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). According to the International T‐cell Lymphoma Project, extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) and adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma (ATL) had the 2 worst prognoses among the various types of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL). Here, we describe recent advances in the management of PTCLs, focusing on ENKL and ATL.
Incubation media affect the survival, pathway and time of embryo development in Neotropical annual fish Austrolebias nigrofasciatus (Rivulidae).

To analyse the survival, pathway and time of embryo development in the annual fish Austrolebias nigrofasciatus eggs were monitored in four liquid media and two damp media under experimental conditions for 130 days until their development was complete. Eggs kept in the same breeding water from oviposition remained in diapause I (DI) during all experiments. In constrast, up to the stage prior to entering diapause II (DII), the other media had no influence on development. Embryos at this stage (DII), however, show longer development time when treated in medium with water and powdered coconut shell so that about 80% of embryos remained in DII at 100 days. In contrast, all other treatments had a significantly lower proportion of embryos remaining in DII. When treated with Yamamoto's solution in humid media, embryos showed the fastest development. The first fully developed embryos (DIII) were seen at 27 days after oviposition. It took an average of 46-58 days for 50% of eggs in each treatment to reach DIII. Compared with other studies, survival in all incubation media was high at between 70 and 98%. Taken together, it can be concluded that all incubation media were found to be viable for maintaining embryos. Altering developmental trajectories through the manipulation of diapauses in different media makes this species a potential model organism for laboratory studies.
Practice parameters for the management of hemorrhoids (revised 2010).

T he American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons is dedicated to assuring high-quality patient care by advancing the science, prevention, and management of disorders and diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus. The Standards Committee is composed of Society members who are chosen because they have demonstrated expertise in the specialty of colon and rectal surgery. This Committee was created to lead international efforts in defining quality care for conditions related to the colon, rectum, and anus. This is accompanied by developing Clinical Practice Guidelines based on the best available evidence. These guidelines are inclusive, and not prescriptive. Their purpose is to provide information on which decisions can be made, rather than dictate a specific form of treatment. These guidelines are intended for the use of all practitioners, health care workers, and patients who desire information about the management of the conditions addressed by the topics covered in these guidelines. It should be recognized that these guidelines should not be deemed inclusive of all proper methods of care or exclusive of methods of care reasonably directed to obtaining the same results. The ultimate judgment regarding the propriety of any specific procedure must be made by the physician in light of all of the circumstances presented by the individual patient.
A 1-V, 8b, 40MS/s, 113µW charge-recycling SAR ADC with a 14µW asynchronous controller

This paper presents an energy-efficient charge-sharing SAR ADC design that targets for 1-V, 8-bit 40MS/s performance. By reconfiguring the networks for the input sampling and the reference banks, the settling time at input sample-hold stage and the pre-charge energy for each evaluation phase can be alleviated, that is equivalent to power saving. In addition, a dedicated asynchronous controller is developed to precisely control the energy for each logic operation. With a 90nm CMOS process, the prototype achieves 113µW (20fJ/conv), 48.4 dB SNDR. Digital controller only dissipates 12.4% of system power.
Toward a Contingency Model of Leadership and Psychological Empowerment: When Should Self-Leadership Be Encouraged?

In this paper, we develop and present a contingency model of leadership and psychological empowerment that specifies the circumstances and situations under which follower self-leadership should be encouraged. The model suggests that certain key contingency factors, including follower development, situational urgency and task structure, dictate which of several leadership approaches, including directive, transactional, transformational and empowering, should be chosen. Each specific leadership approach in turn results in a specific combination of predictable outcomes, which include the level of follower involvement, dependence, creativity and psychological empowerment. We also advance research propositions based on the model and discuss the model's practical implications along with possible approaches for empirically testing its linkages.