Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Magnetospheric Beat-Frequency and Lense-Thirring Interpretations of the Horizontal-Branch Oscillation in the Z Sources

Three types of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) have been discovered so far in the persistent emission of the most luminous neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries, the Z sources: ~10-60 Hz horizontal-branch and ~6-20 Hz normal/flaring-branch oscillations and ~200-1200 Hz kilohertz QPOs, which usually occur in pairs. Here we study the horizontal-branch oscillations and the two simultaneous kilohertz QPOs, which were discovered using the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer, comparing their properties in five Z sources with the predictions of the magnetospheric beat-frequency and Lense-Thirring precession models. We find that the variation of the horizontal-branch oscillation frequency with accretion rate predicted by the magnetospheric beat-frequency model for a purely dipolar stellar magnetic field and a radiation-pressure-dominated inner accretion disk is consistent with the observed variation. The model predicts a universal relation between the horizontal-branch oscillation, stellar spin, and upper kilohertz QPO frequencies that agrees with the data on five Z sources. The model implies that the neutron stars in the Z sources are near magnetic spin equilibrium, that their magnetic field strengths are ~109-1010 G, and that the critical fastness parameter for these sources is ≳0.8. If the frequency of the upper kilohertz QPO is an orbital frequency in the accretion disk, the magnetospheric beat-frequency model requires that a small fraction of the gas in the disk does not couple strongly to the stellar magnetic field at 3-4 stellar radii but instead drifts slowly inward in nearly circular orbits until it is within a few kilometers of the neutron star surface. The Lense-Thirring precession model is consistent with the observed magnitudes of the horizontal-branch oscillation frequencies only if the moments of inertia of the neutron stars in the Z sources are ~4-5 times larger than the largest values predicted by realistic neutron star equations of state. If instead the moments of inertia of neutron stars have the size expected and their spin frequencies in the Z sources are approximately equal to the frequency separation of the kilohertz QPOs, Lense-Thirring precession can account for the magnitudes of the horizontal-branch oscillation frequencies only if the fundamental frequency of the horizontal-branch oscillation is at least 4 times the precession frequency. We argue that the change in the slope of the correlation between the frequency of the horizontal-branch oscillation and the frequency of the upper kilohertz QPO, when the latter is greater than 850 Hz, is directly related to the varying frequency separation of the kilohertz QPOs.
Etude de l’influence des paramètres externes et internes sur le capteur hybride photovoltaïque thermique (PVT)

Durant la conversion photovoltaïque du capteur solaire, une chaleur est générée, ce qui augmentera la température de la cellule photovoltaïque et causera une chute de son rendement. Ce phénomène est dû à la partie du rayonnement solaire non absorbée par les cellules et qui sera à l’origine de son échauffement. Cet échauffement a été considéré comme néfaste pour le rendement des capteurs solaires photovoltaïques, et plusieurs efforts ont été consentis pour évacuer cette chaleur. Il y a eu aussi l’aide d’exploiter ce phénomène par la combinaison des systèmes photovoltaïques avec un système thermique pour former le capteur hybride PVT, qui va générer en même temps de l’électricité et de la chaleur. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier l’influence des paramètres externes et internes sur les performances thermique et électrique du capteur hybride photovoltaïque thermique PVT.
The packing of α‐helices: simple coiled‐coils

It is shown in this paper by Crick that when -helices of the same sense pack together they will probably do so about 20° away from parallel. For very long chains this may lead to a coiled-coil. The two simplest models - the two-strand rope and the three-strand rope - are described, and used to illustrate the diffraction theory already developed. It is shown that they would give a diffuse -pattern. Possible examples of these models are briefly discussed.
Gender and Agriculture in Tanzania

Agriculture is a principal source of livelihood for the Tanzanian population. Agriculture provides more than two-thirds of employment and almost half of Tanzania‘s GDP.1 Women play an essential role in agricultural production. The sector is characterized as female-intensive, meaning that women comprise a majority of the labor force in agriculture (54%). 2 Agriculture also comprises a greater part of women‘s economic activity than men‘s: 81% of women, compared to 73% of men, are engaged in agricultural activity. In rural areas, that number rises to 98% for women. In Tanzania, the share of adult population working in agriculture is higher than regional averages, especially for women: 81% of the female population works in agriculture in Tanzania, compared to 55% in the rest of subSaharan Africa.3
A Note on Price Systems in Infinite Dimensional Space

A Note on Price Systems in Infinite Dimensional Space Author(s): Edward C. Prescott and Robert E. Lucas, Jr. Source: International Economic Review, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Jun., 1972), pp. 416-422 Published by: Blackwell Publishing for the Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and Institute of Social and Economic Research -Osaka University Stable URL: http://www.jstor. org/stable/2526035 Accessed: 21/06/2010 20:10
Laboratory Measurements of Iron L-Shell Emission: 3→2 Transitions of Fe XXI-XXIV between 10.5 and 12.5 Å

Using the electron beam ion trap EBIT-II facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, we have measured the iron L-shell spectrum between 10.5 and 12.5 Å for Fe XXI-XXIV with a spectral resolution of ~30 mÅ. The relative line intensities of strong 3 → 2 transitions for each charge state are measured as functions of electron energy and compared to distorted wave (DW) calculations. The contributions of resonant processes, namely, resonant excitation (RE) and spectroscopically unresolved dielectronic recombination (DR) satellites, are investigated. The RE contributions are shown to be less than the experimental and theoretical uncertainties for plasma in collisional ionization equilibrium. The unresolved DR satellites, however, enhance the emissivities of almost all lines, some by as large as 15%, consistent with our earlier measurements for Fe XXIV. The DW results agree with our measurements to better than 20% under the condition of collisional ionization equilibrium. The line emissivities in the widely used spectral synthesis model, MEKAL, are also compared to our measurements and are found to be discrepant at a greater than 20% level for some lines.
Grafische Umsetzung von Ernährungsricht- linien - traditionelle und neue Ansätze

Fur die erfolgreiche Vermittlung von wissenschaftlich fundierten Verhaltensregeln fur eine bedarfsgerechte, die Gesundheit erhaltende Ernahrung sind grafische Darstellungen als didaktisches Hilfsmittel unverzichtbar. In den letzten Jahren ist die Zahl der veroffentlichten Grafiken (z. B. Dreiecke, Pyramiden) sprunghaft gestiegen, wobei methodenbedingte Unterschiede in den „key messages“ offensichtlich sind. Nachfolgend sollen vorhandene Konzepte eingeordnet und bewertet sowie neue Ansatze vorgestellt werden.
The Findings

This collection of policy briefings provides a comprehensive overview of the present state of the Chinese defense economy at a time of rapid change and accelerating advancement in its innovation capabilities and performance. This review has three aims: 1) locate China's defense innovation dynamics within broader historical, technological, and methodological frameworks of analysis; 2) assess the performance of the Chinese defense economy's six principal sub-sectors; and 3) compare China's approach to defense industri-alization with major counterparts in the Asia-Pacific region. The briefings are based on more extensive papers written for a conference on " China's Defense and Dual-Use Science, Technology, and Industrial Base " organized by the University of Califor-nia's Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation (IGCC) in July 2010. The conference is part of a research project led by IGCC and funded by the U.S. Defense Department's Minerva Initiative on " The Evolving Relationship Between Technology and National Security in China. " This project examines China's drive to become a world-class defense and dual-use technological and industrial power and the security, geo-political, economic and technological implications of this transformation. These briefings offer a number of insights into the state of development of the Chinese defense economy at the end of the 2000s and longer-term trends. The Chinese defense science, technology and innovation (DSTI) system is making a concerted effort to build a strong and capable indigenous innovation capacity, but progress is at an early stage and focused predominantly on incremental and sustaining types of activities. Architectural and disruptive forms of innovation that would lead to important defense technological breakthroughs are likely to be beyond China's reach for another 5-10 years, although there may be exceptions in select high-priority areas that enjoy access to ample funding, foreign knowledge and technologies, and leadership support. The technological development of the Chinese defense economy since the onset of major sector reforms in the late 1990s has been impressive. This progress can be measured through a diverse array of hard performance indicators such as corporate profitability, patents, product and R&D output, and educational standards. If this momentum can be maintained, the Chinese defense economy will be able to considerably narrow the still wide technological gap it faces with the world's advanced defense S&T powers over the next decade. China has demonstrated that it can engage in radical defense innovation leading to significant technological breakthroughs if the country's security is considered to be in acute …
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Plant health, Plant protection products and their Residues on a request from EFSA related to the evaluation of dichlorvos in the context of Council Directive 91/414/EEC

The Scientific Panel on Plant health, Plant protection products and their Residues (PPR Panel) of EFSA was asked if i) related to the increased incidence of tumours observed in various tissues in rats and mice following dichlorvos exposure, it is possible to identify a mode of action (for any of the tumours) and if so, is it possible to set a threshold for this effect; and ii) in considering any identified modes of action for the tumourigenic responses to dichlorvos, is any of them relevant for humans.
CONVEX SOLUTIONS OF ELLIPTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN CLASSICAL DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY

The issue of convexity is fundamental in the theory of partial differential equations. We discuss some recent progress of convexity estimates for solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations arising from some classical problems in differential geometry. We first review some works in the literature on the convexity of solutions of quasilinear elliptic equations in Rn. The study of geometric properties of the harmonic function and solutions of general elliptic partial differential equations was initiated long time ago, such as the location of the critical points and the star-shapeness of the level set, etc. Gabriel [16] obtained the strict convexity of level set for the Green function in thee dimension convex domain in R3. Makar-Limanov [34] studied equation ∆u = −1 in Ω, (1.1) u = 0 on ∂Ω,
On mixed finite element methods for the Reissner-Mindlin plate model

In this paper we analyze the convergence of mixed finite element approximations to the solution of the Reissner-Mindlin plate problem. We show that several known elements fall into our analysis, thus providing a unified approach. We also introduce a low-order triangular element which is optimalorder convergent uniformly in the plate thickness.
AORTNA STENOZA Progresija bolesti

Starenjem populacije i poboljπanim dijagnostiËke metodama registriran je dramatiËan porast broj pacijenata s bolestima srËanih zalistaka. UzimajuÊi u obzir predviene promjene u dobnoj distribuciji, moæemo oËekivati porast ovog trenda te stoga ove bolesti mogu se doista smatrati “sljedeÊom kardioloπkom epidemijom”. Nema sumnje da se suoËavamo sa sloæenijim odlukama kod pacijenata uznapredovale dobi i prisutnog komorbiditeta. U rutinsku primjenu ulaze napredne tehnike perkutane intervencije na valvulama. Istovremeno, novi podaci o prirodnom tijeku bolesti i identifikaciji prediktora ishoda omoguÊuju napredak u procesu donoπenja odluka i lijeËenju pacijenata s bolestima srËanih zalistaka.
Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thinning in Alzheimer Disease

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by impaired memory and cognitive function. A proportion of patients present with visual symptoms which could result from either anterior or posterior visual pathway dysfunction. Retinal and optic nerve abnormalities have in recent years been studied intensively in Alzheimer disease (AD) and are reviewed in this chapter.
Investigation and Survey on the Teaching Status of Theoretical Curriculum in Physics

In this paper,setting the teaching course of quantum mechanics and solid state physics etc of department of physics in Xinzhou Teachers University as samples,the teaching status of theoretical curriculum were investigated and studied by questionnaire.And based on these,a systematically analysis on cause it formed was given.It may give reference for physics teaching innovation of the local teacher college.
Sign-Changing Blow-Up for Scalar Curvature Type Equations

Given (M, g) a compact Riemannian manifold of dimension n ≥ 3, we are interested in the existence of blowing-up sign-changing families (u ϵ)ϵ>0 ∈ C 2, θ(M), θ ∈ (0, 1), of solutions to where Δ g : = −div g (∇) and h ∈ C 0, θ(M) is a potential. Assuming the existence of a nondegenerate solution to the limiting equation (which is a generic assumption), we prove that such families exist in two main cases: in small dimension n ∈ {3, 4, 5, 6} for any potential h or in dimension 3 ≤ n ≤ 9 when . These examples yield a complete panorama of the compactness/noncompactness of critical elliptic equations of scalar curvature type on compact manifolds. The changing of the sign is necessary due to the compactness results of Druet [11] and Khuri et al. [19].
VITAMINS FOR THE PREVENTION OF COLDS

Repeated studies have shown that both animals and man have a decreased resistance to infections of various kinds when suffering from vitamin deficiencies. Apparently this may be true for each of the better known vitamins. On the other hand, it has not been shown by adequately controlled experiments that the addition of any of the vitamins to a reasonably adequate diet produces increased resistance to infections of the upper respiratory tract, the millions of dollars' worth of vitamin preparations which are sold each year for this alleged purpose notwithstanding. Most of the studies of vitamins for the prevention of colds have been limited to vitamin A alone or to vitamins A and D as contained in cod liver oil. The experiments with vitamin A have resulted almost uniformly in negative results, while cod liver oil has been reported by a number of authors to reduce the severity and by some
Statistics for ordinary Artin-Schreier covers and other -rank strata

We study the distribution of the number of points and of the zeroes of the zeta function in different p-rank strata of Artin-Schreier covers over Fq when q is fixed and the genus goes to infinity. The p-rank strata considered include the ordinary family, the whole family, and the family of covers with p-rank equal to p − 1. While the zeta zeroes always approach the standard Gaussian distribution, the number of points over Fq has a distribution that varies with the specific family.
Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach Geometric Aspects of Spectral Theory

The workshop " Geometric Aspects of Spectral Theory " brought together leading researchers working in various areas of this vast field of mathematics. The meeting featured presentations on some of the most fascinating recent developments in the subject, including five survey talks given by top experts, as well as reports on the progress made by graduate students and postdocs. A number of new stimulating questions were formulated during the open problem session.
How to define and measure access and need satisfaction in transport

Transport planning aims to improve access to important destinations, that is, the ease of reaching opportunities. Typically, transport planners consider the time and money needed to reach opportunities. We propose that transport planners should take a broader perspective. Rather than focussing on improving accessibility as such, they should aim to increase individual quality of life which depends on the extent to which basic human needs and values are fulfilled. This chapter discusses ways to assess anticipated and actual effects of transport planning policies on individual quality of life. We explain the concept quality of life, and indicate how individual quality of life can be assessed. Also, we describe how quality-of-life assessments can assist transport planners in designing, implementing, and evaluating policies to increase accessibility. Finally, we discuss factors that should be considered when assessing expected changes in quality of life. 1 University of Groningen, Department of Psychology, Phone: +31 (0) 50 363 6482 (Linda Steg), +31 (0) 50 363 8783 (Judith de Groot), E.M. Steg@rug.nl, j.i. m.de. groot@rug.nl. Linda Steg, Judith de Groot
Cutoff for non-backtracking random walks on sparse random graphs

Reduced `-cohomology in degree 1 (for short "LpR1") is a useful quasiisometry invariant of graphs [of bounded valency] whose definition is relatively simple. On a graph, there is a natural gradient operator from functions to vertices to functions on edges defined by looking at the difference of the value on the extremities of the edge. Simply put, this cohomology is the quotient of functions with gradient in ` (of the edges) by functions who are themselves in ` (of the vertices). In this talk, I will explain how, under some assumptions on the isoperimetric profile one can identify "LpR1" with a subspace of the space of harmonic functions and yields some interesting corollaries on the space of harmonic functions (for example, on lamplighter graphs). In fact, the "interesting part" of "LpR1" can be identified with a subspace of the Poisson boundary. The transport cost comes up naturally as a key ingredient in the proof. Cutoff for non-backtracking random walks on sparse random graphs by Justin Salez Abstract: An ergodic Markov chain is said to exhibit cutoff if its distance to stationarity drops abruptly from near 1 to near 0 over a negligible time period. Discovered in the context of card shuffling (Aldous-Diaconis, 1986), this phenomenon is now believed to be rather typical among fast mixing Markov chains. Here we consider An ergodic Markov chain is said to exhibit cutoff if its distance to stationarity drops abruptly from near 1 to near 0 over a negligible time period. Discovered in the context of card shuffling (Aldous-Diaconis, 1986), this phenomenon is now believed to be rather typical among fast mixing Markov chains. Here we consider
Measuring Nigerian Stock Market Volatility

The contribution of stock market to the growth process of any economy is not in doubt. However, volatility in stock market can trigger a rise in cost of capital which is capable of affecting economic growth negatively. This has implication for portfolio allocation, asset pricing and market risk measure. This paper is concerned with these issues and aims at empirically testing for the presence or otherwise of volatility clustering in the Nigerian stock market. Using time series data of share prices for the period 1995 to 2009, the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) model and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model were estimated. The estimates indicate that the market exhibits volatility clustering. The rate at which the response function decays is found to be 1.1783 and quite high. It is suggested that aggressive trading on a wide range of securities be encouraged as this will increase market depth and hence reduce volatility.
Cataphora, backgrounding and accessibility in discourse

We examine discourse factors that are involved in the occurrence of intra/inter-sentential cataphora. On the basis of a corpus analysis of natural language, we test two cognitive theories that attempt to explain the phenomenon of cataphora: clausal backgrounding (Harris and Bates, 2002) and Accessibility Theory (Ariel, 1990). In the first part of the paper, we investigate the presence of cataphoric he, she, it and they in a corpus annotatedwith nucleus-satellite labels (Mann and Thompson, 1988), which are interpreted to be discourse correlates of the foreground-background distinction. The analysis shows that cataphora cannot be restricted to backgrounded parts of texts, and that backgrounding as an explanation for the occurrence of cataphora cannot be applied at the discourse level. In the second part of the paper, we investigate a cognitively related phenomenon to backgrounding: accessibility and its influence on cataphora. We demonstrate that in different conditions accessibility parameters such as Givenness, Distance and Unity do not show a clear influence (especially when an instance of cataphora and its antecedent are in different sentences), while Saliency and (non)Competition do play a role in the presence of cataphora (both intraand inter-sententially). © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
in Handwriting Recognition ( ICFHR 2010 ) – Competitions Overview

The great success and high number of participants in pattern recognition related competitions last years show an important improvement of recognition and classification approaches. This success is unconceivable without the availability of huge datasets of real world data. We have invited for proposals for competitions to be held in the framework of the 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR2010). These competitions should aim at evaluating the performance of algorithms and methods for a particular task of Handwriting Recognition. Eight different teams composed of more than one group have submitted their proposals. The subjects of these propositions cover the field of research of handwriting recognition from pre-processing over handwritten document analysis to handwriting text/word recognition. These competitions represent an overview of current research topics and frontiers in handwriting document analysis and recognition. Only 5 competitions have received enough participants (we have defined the threshold to 3 systems) to present their evaluation at the ICFHR 2010. This paper presents the 8 competition proposals with lists of competition organizers and lists of participating systems and approaches. Keywords-ICFHR2010; Competition; Benchmarking; Contest; Evaluation;