Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ehrl , Philipp Working Paper Agglomeration economies with consistent productivity estimates

This paper investigates the relative impact of microeconomic agglomeration mechanisms on plant’s total factor productivity (TFP) using German establishment and employment level data. Contrasting different strategies to estimate TFP from plant level production functions reveals that not accounting for the endogeneity of input choices and not separating price effects from true productivity leads to underestimated agglomeration economies. Under the preferred TFP measure, labor market pooling, captured by the correlation of the occupational composition between one county-industry and the rest of the county, is found to have the largest impact. Besides, two knowledge spillover mechanisms, transmitted via job changes and public R&D funding, positively affect plant productivity. Except for job changes the result is even robust when the spatial units are broadened from counties to labor market regions. Testing for urbanization and localization economies, I find that TFP is higher in more specialized and larger counties, whereas sectoral diversity is of no importance at the county level. JEL-Classification: D24, R11, R30
Adopting Proactive Environmental Strategy: The Influence of Stakeholders and Firm Size

While smaller firms are less likely to undertake as many environmental practices as larger firms, extant literature suggests that smaller firms may be more responsive to stakeholder pressures. This paper contributes to the development of stakeholder theory by deriving a size moderated stakeholder model and applying it to a firm's adoption of proactive environmental practices. The empirical results show that smaller firms are more responsive to value-chain, internal, and regulatory stakeholder pressures. These findings suggest that researchers evaluating organizations and the natural environment should be cautious about associating stakeholder pressures directly with firms' environmental strategies. Rather, the relationship between stakeholder pressures and environmental strategy tends to vary with size.
Immunohistochemical detection of sialosyl-Tn antigen in carcinoma of the prostate.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of sialosyl-Tn antigen (STn) in human benign and malignant prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of STn was investigated immunohistochemically in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 56 patients with primary prostatic adenocarcinoma (median age 74.3 years, range 47-89) and 20 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (median age 73.4 years, range 60-87). RESULTS STn was expressed in only three (4%) of the 20 hyperplastic glands and the benign areas adjacent to the 54 carcinomas; by contrast, STn was expressed in 34 (61%) of the 56 carcinomas. The frequency of STn positivity was much higher in well-differentiated carcinomas than in those poorly differentiated. CONCLUSION STn is expressed with malignant transformation of the prostatic epithelial cells and immunohistochemical methods using commercially available STn monoclonal antibody may be useful as an adjunct for distinguishing carcinoma from benign tissue.
Diagnostic History of Traumatic Axonal Injury in Patients with Cerebral Concussion and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Cerebral concussion and mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been used interchangeably, although the two terms have different definitions. Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a more severe subtype of TBI than concussion or mild TBI. Regarding the evidence of TAI lesions in patients with concussion or mild TBI, since the 1960's, several studies have reported on TAI in patients with concussion who showed no radiological evidence of brain injury by autopsy. However, conventional CT and MRI are not sensitive to detection of axonal injury in concussion or mild TBI, therefore, previously, diagnosis of TAI in live patients with concussion or mild TBI could not be demonstrated. With the development of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the 1990's, in 2002, Arfanakis et al. reported on TAI lesions in live patients with mild TBI using DTI for the first time. Subsequently, hundreds of studies have demonstrated the usefulness of DTI in detection of TAI and TAI lesions in patients with concussion or mild TBI. In Korea, the term "TAI" has rarely been used in the clinical field while diffuse axonal injury and concussion have been widely used. Rare use of TAI in Korea appeared to be related to slow development of DTI analysis techniques in Korea. Therefore, we think that use of DTI analysis techniques for diagnosis of TAI should be facilitated in Korea.
The development of the retina of the albino rat.

Morphogenesis of the retina of the Sprague-Dawley albino rat was studied by light microscopy from day 11 of gestation until 225 days after birth. A quantitative analysis during development of retinal volume, thickness of the entire neural retina and thickness of each of the retinal layers, both posteriorly and peripherally, was made. The results indicate that initially a single neuroblastic layer forms and continually thickens by mitosis at its outer border. The retinal layers then form in sequence, moving from the inner retinal border outward and always beginning posteriorly and then spreading peripherally. The transient layer of Chievitz does not appear. All adult layers are present by eight days after birth and each layer thins after reaching its maximal thickness. Total thickness of the retina excluding pigmented epithelium, is greatest on postnatal day 5, but retinal volume only reaches a peak on postnatal days 7 to 12. The nerve fiber, inner plexiform, outer plexiform and bacillary layers all continue to increase in thickness after the ganglion cell and inner and outer nuclear layers reach their maximal width and are beginning to become thinner.
Dynamics of stimulated Raman scattering in double-clad fiber pulse amplifiers

A systematic analysis on dynamics of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in highly pumped ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber amplifiers during amplification of nanosecond pulses at tens-of-kilohertz repetition rates is presented. Energy and waveform evolutions of signal and Raman pulses in the amplifiers under forward, backward and bidirectional pump are depicted respectively. In consideration of the SRS components and incurred energy loss at the amplifier output, the detrimental effects of SRS on signal amplification for three pumping methods are quantitatively compared and comprehensively illustrated upon different signal, fiber and pump conditions. To avoid the performance deterioration, some limitations are also discussed.
hMSH5 Facilitates the Repair of Camptothecin-induced Double-strand Breaks through an Interaction with FANCJ*

Background: Camptothecin induces replication-associated DSB formation. Results: hMSH5-FANCJ facilitates the repair of camptothecin-induced DSBs. Conclusion: Functional interplay between hMSH5 and FANCJ is involved in replication stress-induced DSB repair. Significance: Understanding the mechanisms of DSB repair, induced by replication stress, is pivotal to develop new anticancer targets and therapeutic strategies. Replication stress from stalled or collapsed replication forks is a major challenge to genomic integrity. The anticancer agent camptothecin (CPT) is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor that causes fork collapse and double-strand breaks amid DNA replication. Here we report that hMSH5 promotes cell survival in response to CPT-induced DNA damage. Cells deficient in hMSH5 show elevated CPT-induced γ-H2AX and RPA2 foci with concomitant reduction of Rad51 foci, indicative of impaired homologous recombination. In addition, CPT-treated hMSH5-deficient cells exhibit aberrant activation of Chk1 and Chk2 kinases and therefore abnormal cell cycle progression. Furthermore, the hMSH5-FANCJ chromatin recruitment underlies the effects of hMSH5 on homologous recombination and Chk1 activation. Intriguingly, FANCJ depletion desensitizes hMSH5-deficient cells to CPT-elicited cell killing. Collectively, our data point to the existence of a functional interplay between hMSH5 and FANCJ in double-strand break repair induced by replication stress.
Robust decentralized controller design for power systems using matrix inequalities approaches

This paper presents robust decentralized power system stabilizer (PSS) design approaches for power system that can be expressed as minimizing a linear objective function under linear matrix inequality (LMI) in tandem with bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) constraints. In particular, the paper addresses two approaches with their practical implications for large power systems. These approaches are: i) based on the concept of interconnection method for designing robust decentralized dynamic output feedback controllers that guarantee robust connective stability of the overall system, and ii) based on parameter continuation method involving matrix inequalities for designing reduced-order decentralized Hinfin dynamic output feedback controllers. Furthermore, the paper proposes algorithms to solve such optimization problems using sequential linear matrix inequality programming and general parameterized two-stage matrix inequalities optimization methods. It is also shown that the approaches presented in this paper can be used for designing realistic robust PSSs, notably so-called reduced-order robust PSSs design for power systems
Diversity, effort, and cooperation in team-based learning

ABSTRACT Student and team performance in 17 sections of an introductory microeco-nomic theory course taught using team-based learning are analyzed to determine what measurable characteristics of teams influence team and individual outcomes. Results suggest that team performance is positively influenced by the grade point average of the top individual on the team as well as the percentage of females on the team. While the level of cooperation within a team does not significantly influence team outcomes, it positively influences individual performance by females while having no statistically significant influence on male performance. Individual success also is positively and significantly influenced by gender diversity and individual effort in team activities, as measured by peer evaluations. These results are robust to a variety of measures of gender diversity.
Postacute Care Following Stroke or Hip Fracture

Objective: To describe the use of postacute services alone or in combination following a hospitalization for a hip fracture or stroke by Medicare beneficiaries who were relatively well and living in the community prior to the index event. Methods: Healthservice use histories were constructed using Medicare claims. Patients in the study represented all subjects from a 1% sample of Medicare beneficiaries who were age 70 years or older at the time of the index hospitalization. Results: From 1987 to 1992, the proportion of patients receiving any postacute care and those receiving combinations of care increased. For example, therewas a doubling of the proportion of patients with either condition using sequences of rehabilitation with home health or SNF and home health. Within 1 year of the hospitalization, 42.6% of patients with stroke and 35.0% post-hip fracture had been rehospitalized. Discussion: Resource use and assessment of patient outcomes should be examined across the continuum of postacute care and in the months beyond to examine the relative effectiveness of different combinations of care.
Interleukin‐1 Receptor Antagonist Inhibits Pulmonary Hypertension Induced by Inflammation a

Structural alterations of the lung vessels can occur in each part of the vascular tree including the lung capillaries. In addition to the well-established forms of angitis, there is increasing evidence that inflammatory mechanisms defined by cell-cell interactions and mediator release are part of chronic pulmonary vascular disorders associated with the development of pulmonary hypertension. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and patients with a smoking history demonstrate muscularization of their pulmonary small arteries4 and intravascular cell aggregates consisting of neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets-aided perhaps by alveolar macrophages-these cells could provide the cytokines and growth factors involved in the structural alterations characteristic for chronic pulmonary hypertensive states. ' In this study we examine the hypothesis that interleukin-I ( IL-I ) play5 an important part in the development of chronic pulmonary hypertension and in the vascular remodeling process that accounts for the structural alterations of hypertensive lung vessels. We take the view that the 17.000 Dalton polypeptide. which is synthesized in two major species, IL-cy and IL-/3 acts on the lung vessels either directly or in Combination with lipid mediators. Our approach is to examine in two accepted experimental models of chronic pulmonary hypertension'. 3 whether treatment with the interleukin-I receptor antagonist (IL-lra)"~' prevents development of pulmonary hypertension. The monocrotaline (MCT) rat model8 represents the paradigm of inflammatory pulmonary hypertension, whereas the model of chronic hypoxia exposure represents a / w r s c noninflammatory model of hypertension.y Our rationale for such a pharmacological approach stems from the Combination of several pertinent facts regarding the action of interleukin-I. This cytokine acts as a procoagulant. stimulates the production of collagen in fibroblasts. '" i t is produced by endothelial cells iti uitro," and it is mitogenic for fibroblasts and vascular smooth-muscle cells. "-'4 Moreover, the actions of ILI and of platelet activating factor (PAF) and of eicosanoids are apparently intertwined such that the inhibition of the action of PAF or of eicosanoid synthesis may result in the inhibition of synthesis of action of IL-l . '5 ,16 Finally, i t has been shown that mono-
Treatment of medication-overuse headache: A systematic review

Introduction The objective of this review is to provide an evidence-based discussion of different treatment strategies for medication-overuse headache (MOH). Method We searched PubMed for articles discussing the treatment and prognosis of MOH published between 2004 and August 2014. Titles, abstract and articles were reviewed systematically. The level of evidence provided by each study of the included articles was determined according to the American Academy of Neurology Clinical practice guideline manual. We discuss the level of evidence to support the early discontinuation/withdrawal of overused medications, the level of evidence to support the use of preventive treatment, the short- and long-term prognosis, and the outcome according to the class of drug overused in patients diagnosed with MOH. Results The initial search resulted in 1313 articles; 68 articles met our inclusion criteria and were discussed. The level of evidence to support early discontinuation of overused medications alone is low due to the absence of controlled studies. Adding preventive medication to early discontinuation led to a better outcome than early discontinuation alone. For patients with chronic migraine (CM) and medication overuse (MO), there are large randomized control trials supporting the use of onabotulinumtoxinA and topiramate without early discontinuation of overuse; however, the evidence is limited since data were obtained from post hoc analysis. Conclusion Considering current available evidence and the systemic toxicity of overusing acute headache medication, we suggest discontinuation of the overused medication with the addition of preventive medication. Appropriately sized, randomized controlled trials evaluating the safety and long-term efficacy of preventive medication plus early discontinuation of overuse vs preventive medication alone vs early discontinuation of overuse alone are needed.
[Tiredness and sleepiness in bus drivers and road accidents in Peru: a quantitative study].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship that tiredness and sleepiness in bus drivers have to road accidents in Peru. Information from various countries indicates that driver sleepiness plays an important role in road accidents. However, there is only limited information on this subject in Peru. METHODS Using a supervised, pretested survey, a cross-sectional observational and comparative study was carried out with 238 bus drivers who drive on the Northern Pan American Highway of Peru. To determine the relationship between variables the chi-square test was used, along with the Pearson correlation coefficient. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. The variables analyzed were: tiredness, sleepiness, hours of driving per day, daily hours of sleep, body mass index, snoring, sleep apnea, and either having had or almost having had an accident while driving. RESULTS Of the 238 drivers, all of them were men, 45% said they had had or nearly had had an accident while driving, 55% slept less than 6 hours per day, 31% had slept less than 6 hours in the 24 hours before answering the survey, and 80% were in the habit of driving more than 5 hours without stopping. Of the drivers, 56% of them reported being tired at least some of the time while driving; of this group, 65% of them reported being tired during the early morning. Seventy-six drivers (32%) said that while they were driving their eyes had fallen shut. In terms of where they slept, 194 of the drivers (81%) said they always slept in the lower luggage compartment of the bus while another driver was driving the bus or when the bus was parked in the bus terminal. The steps that drivers took to avoid falling asleep while driving included: wetting the face with water, eating fruit, opening the window of the driver's compartment, drinking coffee, listening to music, smoking, chewing coca leaves, and drinking alcohol mixed with coca leaves. In the opinion of 55% of the drivers, the leading cause of road accidents is tiredness. Accidents and near-accidents while driving occurred mainly between midnight and 6 a. m. Having an accident or a near-accident was strongly associated with tiredness and with having the eyes drop shut while driving (P < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Tiredness and sleepiness while driving were common among the bus drivers, with various possible causes: acute and chronic sleep deprivation, irregular schedule changes, and sleep disorders due to the drivers' working conditions. Our results support the hypothesis that fatigue and sleepiness among bus drivers are related to road accidents.
Management of the Lateral Frontal Sinus Lesion and the Supraorbital Cell Mucocele

Background Masses that radiographically appear in the lateral aspect of the frontal sinus can be difficult to access and often are approached through external approaches. Supraorbital ethmoid cells pneumatize the orbital plate of the ethmoid bone to lie posterior and lateral to the frontal sinus. Opacification of a supraorbital cell may radiographically give the appearance of a laterally based frontal sinus lesion. Often, these represent mucoceles, in which their drainage can be achieved through endoscopic techniques and without the need for an external approach. Methods Retrospective review of patients treated for lateral frontal sinus lesions at a tertiary sinus center was performed. Radiology, endoscopic findings, operative reports, and patient symptoms were reviewed. Results Ten patients were identified with lateral frontal sinus lesions based on radiography of the paranasal sinuses and nasal endoscopy. All patients were determined to be supraorbital mucoceles. These patients underwent surgical drainage using computer-aided endoscopic techniques. Initially, endoscopic drainage of the mucocele was successful in all patients. One patient was lost to follow-up after 3 months and one patient underwent a revision endoscopic surgery with trephination 5 months after the initial drainage. The remaining eight patients remain free of disease by nasal endoscopy and postoperative computed tomography scans (median follow-up of 25 months; range, 8–38 months). Conclusion Knowledge of the anatomy of the ethmoid complex and presence of various cells within the frontal recess such as supraorbital cells are important in the management of the laterally based frontal sinus lesion. Often, these lesions may represent supraorbital cell mucoceles amenable to endoscopic drainage. Given the nature of mucoceles, long-term follow-up is needed before endoscopic drainage of these lesions can be validated. However, preliminary data suggest that an endoscopic approach provides for adequate drainage and helps avoid external approaches.
Associations Between Sibling Relationship Quality and Friendship Quality in Early Adolescence: Looking at the Case of Twins

Bidirectional pathways between twin relationship quality and friendship quality were investigated in a large longitudinal twin cohort. We examined negative and positive relationship features in 313 monozygotic (MZ) twins and 238 same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twins from ages 13 to 14 years, using latent structural modeling. Results showed stronger stability of the twin relationship quality compared to friendship quality. Positive features in the sibling relationship were associated with increased positive features in the relationship with the best friend a year later. In contrast, no significant association between negative sibling relationship features and change in negative friendship quality features was found. These findings speak to the important role of the sibling relationship in the development of good quality friendship relations in twins.
Tracking of objects in image sequences using multi-freeness mean shift algorithm

Current mean shift tracking algorithm uses a single radius parameter to describe the scale of the target. Each target has the position and size freeness only. This is not suitable for complex movements of the objects. In this paper we provide a new algorithm in which a bandwidth matrix is employed to describe the objects with two directions determined independently. Target-angle is also introduced to accommodate the rotation of objects. Furthermore we bring forward an efficient search strategy to cope with a temporal occlusion of the objects. Experimental results show that the new algorithm is able to adapt to any kind of object's movements and therefore has better tracking precision.
An ancient bottleneck in the Lost Pines of central Texas

The retreating edge hypothesis for species responding to climate change predicts severe bottlenecks and eventual extinction. The disjunct Lost Pines population at the westernmost edge of the widespread Pinus taeda range is well suited for testing this prediction. The occurrence of one or more genetic bottlenecks in the Lost Pines population was tested using 34 nuclear microsatellite markers and a control sample from the larger, more continuous east Texas P. taeda forests. The Lost Pines population has undergone drastic contractions in effective population size between 3000 and 30 000 years bp. These results were supported by: (i) detection of transient heterozygosity excess, (ii) a mode‐shift indicator of allele frequencies, and (iii) a ratio of allele number to allele size range. No bottleneck was detected for the east Texas control using any of the three methods. The distribution of allele frequencies was skewed for the Lost Pines population compared to the control, indicating a loss of rare alleles. However, allelic diversity was similar between the Lost Pines population and its east Texas control; the mean allele number per locus was 5.29 and 5.38, respectively. It is proposed that the Lost Pines population was the western refugium for P. taeda during Pleistocene glaciation and that East Texas P. taeda forests descended from the bottlenecked Lost Pines population.