Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Method for Estimation of Extreme Values of Wind Pressure on Buildings Based on the Generalized Extreme-Value Theory

By analysis of statistical characteristics and probability density distribution of extreme values of wind pressures on the surfaces of a typical low-rise building model and a typical high-rise building model, characteristics of the commonly used methods for estimating the extreme-values of wind pressure are discussed. The relationship between the parameters of the extreme value distribution of wind pressure and its observation length is then deduced based on the generalized extreme value theory and the independence of the observed extreme values. A new method for estimating the extreme values is developed by dividing the time history sample of the wind pressure into several subsamples. The extreme values of the wind pressure coefficients calculated with the present method and those with the commonly used methods are compared and the results indicate that the present method can estimate the extreme values of non-Gaussian wind pressure more accurately than the commonly used ones.
Micro-components of aggregate wage dynamics *

Abstract: We propose an approach for measuring and analyzing the dynamics of standard aggregate wage growth of macro statistics with micro-data. Our method decomposes aggregate wage growth to the wage growth of job stayers and to various terms related to job and worker restructuring. This method produces explicit expressions with clear interpretations for the various restructuring components and therefore opens new opportunities for a deeper analysis of various micro-level mechanisms and their cyclicality. The methodology also allows us to study many topics simultaneously that have previously been studied in isolation. Using comprehensive longitudinal employer-employee data over an extended period of time, we study how job and worker restructuring influences aggregate wage growth and its cyclicality. We show that wage formation is significantly more flexible than suggested by the aggregate numbers, and we identify the microlevel mechanisms that explain the greater flexibility. This version: December 7, 2012
Severe Drought Events as Revealed in the Climate Records of China and Their Temperature Situations over the Last 1000 Years

The total 15 severe droughts are discovered with the aid of the 'Retrieval System of Chinese Historical Climate Records' for the last 1000 years. The droughts are extensive to envelope more than 4 provinces and persistent to cover 3 yr or more, and their severity is equivalent to or in excess of that in the 1930s in China.According to the documentary records and restorations it can be inferred that most droughts are more severe than those in the last 50 years. The 15 droughts may either occur warm or in a cold climate background,with 11 of the 15 cases in the cold phase. This indicates the difference in climate correspondence between China and northern America, showing the severity of the events in China to be in a cold instead of a warm climate situation. That is likely to relate to the monsoon climate in eastern Asia.
The effect of third-order nonlinearity on statistical properties of random directional waves in finite depth

Abstract. It is well established that third-order nonlinearity produces a strong deviation from Gaussian statistics in water of infinite depth, provided the wave field is long crested, narrow banded and sufficiently steep. A reduction of third-order effects is however expected when the wave energy is distributed on a wide range of directions. In water of arbitrary depth, on the other hand, third-order effects tend to be suppressed by finite depth effects if waves are long crested. Numerical simulations of the truncated potential Euler equations are here used to address the combined effect of directionality and finite depth on the statistical properties of surface gravity waves; only relative water depth kh greater than 0.8 are here considered. Results show that random directional wave fields in intermediate water depths, kh=O(1), weakly deviate from Gaussian statistics independently of the degree of directional spreading of the wave energy.
Molecular Classification of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus from Chick Embryo Origin Vaccine, Tissue Culture Origin Vaccine and Field Isolates

The molecular classification of the infectious laryngotracheitis virus from chicken embryo origin (CEO) vaccine, tissue culture origin (TCO) vaccine and field isolates by the sequence of ICP4 genes from CEO and TCO vaccines in the GenBank was performed for the different sequence analysis. The sequences of TCO vaccine virus (accession no. EU104908) were used as a prototype for a primer design to cover the region of 450 basepairs (bp) by Primer3 software. The simulation sequences of CEO vaccine virus (accession no. EU104900) and TCO vaccine virus (accession no. EU104908) from PCR reaction were selected for restriction enzyme. Hga I could separate 3 isolates of the viruses from simulation model and in vitro model. The PCR products from CEO, TCO and field isolates were 428, 440 and 450 bp, respectively. The PCR products were cut by restriction enzyme, Hga I, and the results revealed the DNA of CEO vaccine virus equal to 414 and 14 bp and TCO vaccine virus equal to 250 and 176 bp. The field virus has no restriction sequences according to Hga I, so no RFLP production occurred and the PCR product remained at 450 bp.
PREVALENCE OF DEVIATED NASAL SEPTUM AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH BIRTH MOULDING AMONG NEONATES – A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY

About 75% adults have Deviated Nasal Septum (DNS). It was believed that most cases of DNS are due to birth moulding. But prevalence of deviated nasal septum in newborns were found to be different in different studies varying from <4% to 60%. This study was conducted at Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram to find out the prevalence of DNS in new born babies and to find whether there is any significant association between DNS and birth moulding. 400 newborn babies were examined. The prevalence of DNS was found to be 44.3%. Association of DNS with mode of delivery, intrauterine position, parity and duration of second stage of labour were studied.
Does Corporate Social Responsibility Lead to Improve in Firm Financial Performance? Evidence from Malaysia

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a common business practices has only recently established a foothold in developing countries. This paper examines the relationship between CSR and Corporate Financial Performance (CFP) for a Malaysia firms. Malaysia was chosen due to it’s one of worlds developing countries and has undergone radical economic and social change. The objective of this research to determine whether CSR based on environment, community, marketplace and workplace dimension has positive, negative or neutral relationship with CFP. The empirical study used to collect secondary data from corporate annual report for three firms listed in Bursa Malaysia for the period from 2007 to 2011. The data taken and gather by using content analysis. CSR dimension of workplace, community, environment and marketplace is used as independent variable while Return on Asset (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROA) is used as dependent variable. Regression analysis used to test the relationship by using SPSS. Prior studies had produce mixed result but most research found there is positive relationship between CSR and CFP. The result of this study concludes that there is positive relationship between CFP and CSR practices together with Firm Size and Firm Revenue as control variable. As well as, this paper will contribute to finance and accounting literature in identified investment in CSR will lead to firm financial performance or otherwise.
Feeling the Numbers: On the Interplay Between Risk, Affect, and Numeracy

People overweigh small and underweigh large risks, resulting in probability weighting functions with an inverted S-shape. This bias is stronger for affect-rich outcomes: For two outcomes of the same monetary value, people are less sensitive to probability variation for affect-rich than for affect-poor outcomes (e.g., winning a $100 voucher toward a romantic dinner versus an electricity bill). In the current research, we investigated the interactive influence of affect and cognitive skills on probability weighting. Participants decided about buying insurance against the loss of an object, given various probabilities of loss. The description of the object was neutral, affect-rich, or affect-rich followed by an affective reappraisal task. The reappraisal task consisted of thinking about effective coping strategies and possible positive consequences of the loss. We also investigated the effect of numeracy on probability weighting. In particular, we investigated whether people have different affective responses to risks depending on their numerical abilities. Participants showed more overweighting of small probabilities for an affect-rich than for a neutral outcome. This effect was mediated by fear. When participants were given the opportunity to reappraise the loss of the affect-rich object, the effect disappeared. After reappraisal, participants' decisions were influenced by both fear and hope and were more in line with expectations based on normative models. The latter applied in particular to participants who had higher numeracy; they showed more emotional sensitivity to risks and assigned weights closer to linearity. Implications for the role of emotions and numeracy in risk communication are discussed.
Intrapersonal Resilience Moderates the Association Between Exposure-Severity and PTSD Symptoms Among Civilians Exposed to the 2014 Israel–Gaza Conflict

Among civilians exposed to war trauma, the development of acute anxiety symptoms has been found to be positively associated with the severity of the traumatic exposure but negatively associated with intrapersonal resilience (optimism, hope, and self-esteem). No study to date has examined whether intrapersonal resilience plays a moderating role in the development of acute anxiety among individuals as they are exposed to trauma. This “natural laboratory” study examined the putative role of intrapersonal resilience in moderating the association between exposure-severity and the development of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as assessed in vivo (i.e., under life-threatening conditions during exposure to war). A nonclinical community sample of 251 adults was assessed during real-time exposure to missile and rocket fire during an eruption of violence in the Middle East during July and August 2014. The results indicate that the severity of PTSD symptoms was positively associated with severity of exposure to trauma. However, this association was moderated by individual differences in intrapersonal resilience. More specifically, individuals with low levels of intrapersonal resilience reported more PTSD symptoms than those with high levels of intrapersonal resilience in the geographic regions in which individuals were exposed to low and high levels of rocket and missile fire. The findings of this study provide further evidence that intrapersonal resilience may significantly mitigate the development of PTSD symptoms among civilians exposed to potentially traumatic events.
Olive cultivars suitability for high-density orchards

A new olive orchard type, based on high-density planting, was introduced in Tunisia in 2000 by some investors, using mainly ‘Arbequina’, the most utilized cultivar up to that time in Spain and in some other countries. Limited cultivar choice is in fact considered one of the main inconvenients for using high planting densities in olive. Therefore, a comparative trial was set up in 2003 to evaluate the suitability of four olive cultivars (‘Arbosana’, ‘Arbequina i-18’, ‘Chemlali’ and ‘Chetoui’) to a planting density of 1250 trees ha –1 . The results showed that the local cultivars ‘Chemlali’ and ‘Chetoui’ were more vigorous than ‘Arbosana’. However, ‘Arbosana’ and ‘Arbequina i-18’ presented the highest fruit yield in comparison to the local ones. Furthermore, ‘Arbosana’ showed the highest accumulated fruit yield after the first five harvests and the highest crop efficiency (0.56-1.52 kg m –3 of tree canopy). Also, ‘Arbosana’ and ‘Arbequina i-18’ presented the lowest alternate bearing indexes (0.38 and 0.44, respectively) during that period of time. Significant differences among cultivars for oil content and fatty acid composition were observed. The oleic acid content was high in ‘Arbosana’ and ‘Chetoui’ (69.4-66.7%) and intermediate to low in ‘Arbequina-i18’ and ‘Chemlali’ (64.9-56.1%). The high vigour and low production of the studied Tunisian cultivars show that it is not advisable to use them in high-density orchards. ‘Arbosana’ was the most adapted cultivar to this new planting density system in this trial.
Electric potential in the low‐Mach‐number quasi‐perpendicular collisionless shock ramp revisited

[1] Knowledge of the details of the electric field inside the shock is essential forunderstanding ion and electron dynamics. Theoretical modeling of the electric field distribution in the whole structured profile of a quasi-perpendicular collisionless high-Mach-number shock is a difficult problem. Ramp, however, is sufficiently narrow to be analyzed in a simple and efficient way. Behavior of the cross-shock electric field inside the ramp of low-Mach-number shocks and high-Mach-number shocks has a number of features which can be considered as common for most shocks. We reconsider the distribution of the cross-ramp electric potential in low-Mach-number shocks in close connection with the ion motion across the ramp. We derive the relation between the electric potential in the ramp and density of transmitted ions taking into account the narrowness of the ramp. The derivation is based on the ion equations of motion and does not require additional model assumptions. The relation is valid (at least as a good approximation) in a wide range of shock parameters and can be applied (with suitable corrections) to high-Mach-number shocks as well. If the ion and electron β are moderate, it is possible to establish a useful approximate relation of the potential to the magnetic field in the ramp. We suggest that using the derived relations may allow direct testing of the shock models by comparison of high-resolution electric field measurements with measurements of ion density and magnetic field across the ramp. On the other hand, the ion and magnetic field measurements may complete the electric field measurements, when they are insufficient alone (e.g., only two components are measured).
Evaluation of Growth Status in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Case- Control Study

Background: Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are prone to malnutrition and growth retardation. This study aimed to compare growth status between children with CHD and healthy children. Materials and Methods: This case–control study included 310 children with CHD and 300 healthy children matched in age and gender. CHD patients grouped according to cardiac diagnosis: group 1 (n=5), cyanotic patients with pulmonary hypertension; group 2 (n=22), cyanotic patients without pulmonary hypertension; group 3 (n=43), Acyanotic patients with pulmonary hypertension; and group 4 (n=240), Acyanotic patients without pulmonary hypertension. Anthropometric measurements of weight (Kg), height (cm), and head circumference (cm) were measured and recorded for both case and control groups. Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed using the by SPSS version 21.0. Results: Weight and head circumference were significantly lower in CHD children compared to healthy children (p<0.05). Weight, Height and Head circumference was significantly lower in cyanotic patients without pulmonary hypertension, and Acyanotic patients with pulmonary hypertension compared the CHD children (p<0.05). Weight in Acyanotic patients with pulmonary hypertension and Head circumference in cyanotic patients without pulmonary hypertension, and Acyanotic patients with pulmonary hypertension, was significantly lower compared to Acyanotic patients without pulmonary hypertension (p<0.05). CHD patients without operation ingested fewer weight, height and head circumference compared to CHD patients with operation (p<0.05). Conclusion Children with CHD experience early, simultaneous decrease in growth trajectory across weight, length, and head circumference. The results suggest that early surgical intervention and nutritional support can be fruitful in prevention of these complications.
What do National Flags Stand For ? An Exploration of Value Associations across 11 Nations

We examined the attributes and emotions people associate with their national flag and how these associations are related to nationalism and patriotism across 11 nations. Positive emotions and democratic values were associated with national flags across most nations in our sample. However, notable differences between nations were found due to current and historical politics. In societies known for their peaceful politics (e.g., Canada, New Zealand) or nations that were currently involved in struggles for independence (e.g., Northern Ireland, Scotland), democratic associations were particularly important; in nations with a negative past (i.e., Germany), the primary association was sports; in imperialist nations (the U.S., the United Kingdom), the flag was associated with power as well as democratic values; in nations with disruption due to separatist or extremist movements (e.g., Northern Ireland, Turkey), associations referring to aggression were not fully rejected; in nations that emphasize hierarchies (India, Singapore, Turkey), obedience was an important association. In addition, positive concepts (such as democratic and biospheric values) are ironically associated with the flag by nationalists (and patriots) in all nations, whereas power-related concepts were associated with the flag by nationalists only. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Optimal portfolio selection in nonlinear arbitrage spreads

This paper analytically solves the portfolio optimization problem of an investor faced with a risky arbitrage opportunity (e.g. relative mispricing in equity pairs). Unlike the extant literature, which typically models mispricings through the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) process, we introduce a nonlinear generalization of OU which jointly captures several important risk factors inherent in arbitrage trading. While these factors are absent from the standard OU, we show that considering them yields several new insights into the behavior of rational arbitrageurs: Firstly, arbitrageurs recognizing these risk factors exhibit a diminishing propensity to exploit large mispricings. Secondly, optimal investment behavior in light of these risk factors precipitates the gradual unwinding of losing trades far sooner than is entailed in existing approaches including OU. Finally, an empirical application to daily FTSE100 pairs data shows that incorporating these risks renders our model's risk-management capabilities superior to both OU and a simple threshold strategy popular in the literature. These observations are useful in understanding the role of arbitrageurs in enforcing price efficiency.
Implications of increased thyroid cancer detection and reporting on risk estimations after the Chernobyl accident

Risk estimates of thyroid cancer from both ecologic studies and cohort studies are analysed for various simulation scenarios after the Chernobyl accident. Based on age and sex-specific dose averages for 669 settlements in the three highly contaminated oblasts of Chernihiv, Zhytomyr and Kyiv and in the city of Kyiv, individual doses have been simulated for 1002706 members of both sexes for the birth cohort 1968-85. For this study population 350 cancer cases have been reported in the period from 1990-99. Two ecologic scenarios have been set up with estimates for regional baseline incidences, screening factors and different correlation patterns for screening and exposure. Using a linear dose response, Poisson regression on the number of cancer cases in a settlement has been performed. The resulting ecologic coefficients for the excess absolute risk and the excess relative risk have been compared with the true mean risk in the population, which has been calculated based on plausible assumptions on baseline incidence and screening regime. Deviations of the ecologic risk from the mean risk were caused by a complex correlation structure of the variables that constitute the dose-response relation. Depending on the scenario, correlations generated a moderate ecologic bias of up to -9 % for the excess absolute risk per unit dose (EARPD) and -15 % for the corresponding relative risk (ERRPD). Based on the simulation of missing information, the observed cases have been sub-divided into spontaneous cases, radiation- induced cases and cases from screening. The EARPD from a scenario for a cohort study overestimated the true risk in the population by a factor of five, owing mostly to more intensive screening. The simulation scenarios comply with many conditions posed by the raw data. They produce consistent results and are able to represent important features of the real situation.
The Use of the Mandibular Ramus for Alveolar Reconstruction in Oral Implantology

Bone grafts are widely used in alveolar ridge augmentations to allow correct implant installations. Intraoral donor sites, such as the maxillary tuberosity, symphysis and mandibular ramus have presented good characteristics and outcomes; however, the mandibular ramus has comparative advantages that promote its increased use. The aim of this work is to describe the current results of the mandibular ramus as a donor site for obtaining bone grafts to be used in alveolar bone augmentations in oral implantology and to determine the survival rate of the implants installed in the grafted sites. A systematic search of the scientific literature between December 2000 and March 2017 was carried out on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS and SciELO databases, analyzing each article according to the method of diagnosis and planning, bone resorption at the receptor site, presence of postoperative complications and implant survival rate. Eleven works were included in this study with an average of 43 patients; the follow-up times varied between 6 and 120 months, considering in addition an average success rate of 98.7 % in the implants installed in sites reconstructed with mandibular ramus bone; low morbidity in the site mainly linked to temporary neurosensory alterations was identified. It may be concluded that the need for a second surgical site to obtain graft material and the longer time the treatment requires until implant rehabilitation continue to be disadvantages; nevertheless, the mandibular ramus donor site presents low morbidity, high versatility in its use and predictable results for the dental implant installation.