Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seroprevelance of H.Pylori in Patients with Gastric Upset in Baquba City

Background: H.pylori is recognized as one of the most common chronic bacterial infections and considered a significant agent in the development of various gastric diseases. It infects the upper gastrointestinal tract of more than (50%) of people in the world, most of infected people are asymptomatic . It is the causal factor for several clinically important diseases in gastric and duodenal ulcer. Half of the infected patients develop peptic ulcer diseases and gastric cancer. Infection initially affects mucosa causing superficial gastritis and can develop if not treatment. Patients and Methods: A study was conducted in Baquba Teaching Hospital between July 2016 and February 2017. A total number of (124) patient was included in this study. They were (84) males and (40) females, their ages ranged from (15-70) years. They were suffering from chronic gastric upset, and attending to endoscopic unit of department of surgery for the diagnosis of cause of the gastric upset. Questionnaire including sex,age, smoking, presence of ulcer. Serum from patients were taken for serological study to detect the presence of IgG antibody against H.pylori, and those with positive IgG antibody were tested for detection of H.pylori – antigen in the stool, for diagnosing active infection and confirming cure. Results: In this study (124) patients were included. They complained from chronic gastric upset, they were 84 (67.74%) males and 40 (32.25%) female. Out of (124) patients 76 (61.29%) had positive IgG antibody against H.pylori, they were 52 (68.42%) males and 24 (31.57%) females, 48 (63.15%) patients were smoker. According to the age group (15-24) years had the highest percentage of positive IgG antibody 30(39.47%), out of those patients with positive IgG 76 (61.29%), 50 (65.78%) had positive H.pylori antigen in the stool and 26(34.21%) showed negative results, from positive patients for H.pylori antigen in stool were 38 (76%) males and 12 (24%) females. prevalence of H.pylori differs significantly both between and within countries, with high rates of infection associated with poor socioeconomic conditions that regarded as risk factors it is transmitted mainly through fecal-oral route and gastro-oral route . Transmission of close contact infection depends on the degree of mixing and age distribution between susceptible and infected individuals.
Effect of In ovo Injection of L-Carnitine at Different Incubational Ages on Egg Hatchability in Broiler Breeders and Post-Hatch Performance

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo L-carnitine injection at three incubational ages on hatchability of broiler breeders and post-hatch performance. Four doses of L-carnitine (0.0, 4, 8 and 12 mg/100 μL) were injected into fertile eggs at days 14, 16 and 18 of incubation. Hatched chicks were individually weighed and fertile hatchability was calculated. Birds were kept in batteries and fed common starter and grower diets. Means of weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were estimated. Mortality was also monitored. A slaughter test was made to evaluate the relative weights of carcass yield, front and hind parts and the edible organs. No deaths occurred during a 7-week feeding trial. Hatchability was unaffected by the injected dose of L-carnitine but it significantly improved when eggs were injected on day 14 of incubation compared with those injected on days 16 or 18. Although, total feed intake of chicks was not affected by in ovo L-carnitine injection, cumulative weight gain was positively affected. Birds hatched from eggs that were injected with L-carnitine at 8.0 or 12.0 mg/100 μL achieved significantly better feed conversion compared with the control group. Injection with 12.0 mg/100 μL positively affected the percentages of front parts but decreased those of liver and gizzard and had no effect on other traits examined. It is concluded that in ovo L-carnitine injection is beneficial for hatchability on day 14 while its injection at 8.0 mg/100 μL on day 16 of incubation is advantageous to subsequent performance.
The topological structure of (homogeneous) spaces and groups with countable cs*-character

In this paper we introduce and study three new cardinal topological invariants called the cs*, cs-, and sb-characters. The class of topological spaces with countable cs*-character is closed under many topological operations and contains all aleph-spaces and all spaces with point-countable cs*-network. Our principal result states that each non-metrizable sequential topological group with countable cs*-character has countable pseudo-character and contains an open $k_\omega$-subgroup.
BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING: IMPORTANCE OF SPECIES EVENNESS IN AN OLD FIELD

Changes in land use, habitat fragmentation, nutrient enrichment, and environmental stress often lead to reduced plant diversity in ecosystems. However, it remains controversial whether these reductions in diversity will affect energy flow and nutrient cycling. Diversity has two components: species richness, or the number of plant species in a given area, and species evenness, or how well distributed abundance or biomass is among species within a community. We experimentally varied species evenness and the identity of the dominant plant species in an old field of Quebec to test whether plant productivity would increase with increasing levels of evenness, and whether relationships would be invariant with respect to species identity. Total and belowground biomass increased linearly with increasing levels of evenness after one growing season. These relationships did not depend on the identity of the dominant species. Relationships between aboveground biomass and evenness varied and depended on the identity of.
The Ambiguity Premium vs. the Risk Premium under Limited Market Participation

This paper considers a stock market with ambiguity-averse informed investors under the CARA-normal setting, and studies the relationship between limited market participation and the equity premium which is decomposed into the risk premium and the ambiguity premium. In a rational expectations equilibrium, limited market participation arises if the largest deviation of investors' ambiguity increases sufficiently or if the variance of the stock return decreases sufficiently. In each case, a change in the risk premium and a change in the ambiguity premium may have opposite signs. This paper identifies conditions under which a change with the plus sign dominates and thus the equity premium increases when fewer investors participate in the stock market. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.
Pulmonary Perspective The Relationship between Lung Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease

Acute and chronic lung inflammation is an underrecognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Yet, there are compelling epidemiological data to indicate that airway exposures to cigarette smoke, air pollution particles, and viral and bacterial pathogens are strongly related to acute ischemic events. Over the past 10 years, there have been important human and animal studies that have provided experimental evidence to support a causal link. In this article, we review the epidemiological data for the relationship between lung inflammation and cardiovascular disease and provide plausible mechanistic pathways by which acute and chronic inflammation contributes to the development of acute cardiovascular syndromes.
A rigidity theorem for discrete subgroups

0. Introduction. Let G denote an analytic group and let P c G denote a discrete subgroup. A left invariant Haar measure on G then induces a measure on G/r, which is determined up to a positive constant. We let v denote one such induced measure on G/P. DEFINITION 0.1. F is called a lattice, in case v(G/f) < oo. Unless specified otherwise, F will denote a lattice in the analytic group G. Let W be a simply connected Cr manifold; let M denote the set of all one-one homomorphisms
Grating-based tomography applications in biomedical engineering

For the investigation of soft tissues or tissues consisting of soft and hard tissues on the microscopic level, hard X-ray phase tomography has become one of the most suitable imaging techniques. Besides other phase contrast methods grating interferometry has the advantage of higher sensitivity than inline methods and the quantitative results. One disadvantage of the conventional double-grating setup (XDGI) compared to inline methods is the limitation of the spatial resolution. This limitation can be overcome by removing the analyser grating resulting in a single-grating setup (XSGI). In order to verify the performance of XSGI concerning contrast and spatial resolution, a quantitative comparison of XSGI and XDGI tomograms of a human nerve was performed. Both techniques provide sufficient contrast to allow for the distinction of tissue types. The spatial resolution of the two-fold binned XSGI data set is improved by a factor of two in comparison to XDGI which underlies its performance in tomography of soft tissues. Another application for grating-based X-ray phase tomography is the simultaneous visualization of soft and hard tissues of a plaque-containing coronary artery. The simultaneous visualization of both tissues is important for the segmentation of the lumen. The segmented data can be used for flow simulations in order to obtain information about the three-dimensional wall shear stress distribution needed for the optimization of mechano-sensitive nanocontainers used for drug delivery.
Relationships between mental toughness, barriers to exercise, and exercise behaviour in undergraduate students

The present study explored relationships between mental toughness (MT), barriers to exercise, and self-reported exercise behaviour in university students. Perceived barriers to exercise are important since previous work has identified barriers as strong predictors of exercise behaviour. MT was hypothesised to predict exercise barriers and self-reported exercise behaviour. Participants were 173 undergraduate students (45 men, 128 women) from 10 United Kingdom universities. Questionnaires were used to assess MT, exercise levels, and exercise barriers. Path analysis identified that MT predicted barriers to exercise, with higher MT associated with weaker perceived barriers. Regular exercisers were found to have significantly higher MT than non-regular exercisers, with commitment identified as a key difference. These findings support the proposed hypotheses and provide further evidence of the importance of MT in exercise / physical activity contexts. Future research that adopts longitudinal designs and tests targeted interventions to reduce perceptions of barriers and enhance exercise participation are encouraged.
DIAGNOSTIC MEASUREMENTS OF HUMAN BONE AFFECTED BY PRIMARY GONARTHROSIS

The aims of the paper is to furnish a new methodology to (i) define chemical and physical parameters used as references to distinguish between a healthy human bone tissue and the one affected by primary gonarthrosis and (ii) to enrich the base of knowledge used in the biomaterials field. The methodology pointed out is based on measurement techniques used for civil engineering materials. Therefore, it is possible to assess that the obtained results depend only by the material under test and not by the specific measurement method. Experimental results will be shown (i) to assess the suitability of the characterization method pointed out, and (ii) to allow the definition of parameters to evaluate the primary gonarthrosis diseases in human knees. Key-Words: primary gonarthrosis, characterization, thermal analysis.
Establishing the resistance of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) by molecular methods

In two years of investigating resistance of the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) by molecular methods, several types of resistance were established in the majority of individuals from peach and tobacco in Serbia and Montenegro. Most of the tested individuals had the FE4 gene, which encodes production of FE4 esterase. The gene responsible for kdr (knock-down resistance) was found in the majority of individuals, but in the heterozygous state, while resistance based on formation of modified acetlycholinesterase (MACE) was least represented. Also, tests showed aphids from tobacco to be more sensitive to insecticide action than aphids from peach. Three tests were used in these investiga­tions, e.g., the PCR - esterase, PCR - kdr, and RFLP - PCR tests, each for a single type of resistance.
FDI in Developing Countries

One of the most important notions of our world is “globalization” which affects the lives of human beings in several ways. It is a concept which removes boundaries and limits; therefore, involves a global world, and consequently a global economy. Within the global economy, there are flows of goods, capital, technology and other means of production among different countries. As a result, these movements create a high competition among the different actors of the game. In order to develop themselves in this global economy, firms have to expand their businesses abroad to compete in the international arena. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one of the mostly used ways of internationalization which plays an important role as an engine of employment, technological development, productivity enhancement, economic intensification, and more importantly, as an instrument of technology transfer especially from developed to developing countries. This study analyzes the inward FDI in developing countries by analyzing a case of a Swedish company, Ericsson, in two developing countries: Mexico and Vietnam.
Elastic Full‐Field Strain Analysis and Microdamage Progression in the Vertebral Body from Digital Volume Correlation

The strain distribution in vertebral body has been measured in vitro in the elastic regime but only on the bone surface by means of strain gauges and digital image correlation. Digital volume correlation (DVC) based on micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) images allowed measurements of the internal strain distribution in bone at both tissue (trabecular and cortical bone) and organ (vertebra) levels. However, DVC has been mainly used to investigate failure of the vertebral body but has not yet been deployed to investigate the internal strain distribution in the elastic regime. The aim of this study was to investigate strain in the elastic regime and up to failure inside the vertebral body, including analysis of strain in all directions. Three porcine thoracic vertebrae were loaded in a step‐wise fashion at increasing steps of compression (5, 10 and 15%). Micro‐CT images were acquired at each step of compression. DVC successfully provided the internal strain distribution both in the elastic regime and up to failure. Micro‐CT images successfully identified regions of failure initiation and progression, which were well quantified by DVC‐computed strains. Interestingly, the same regions where failure eventually occurred experienced the largest strain magnitude also for the lowest degrees of compression (yet in the elastic regime).
Turks and Caicos Islands 2006 coral reef assessment: Large-scale environmental and ecological interactions and their management implications

The Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI) has some of the best remaining reef in the Caribbean, but corals are declining as elsewhere in the region. Traditional reef assessment methods cover too little area to accurately characterize complex reef ecosystems, miss large-scale patterns, and high intrinsic spatial variability of reefs inhibits the ability to identify changes or causes. Spatially extensive surveys provide more information, over larger areas, in less time, than intensive ones, revealing large-scale gradients that intensive methods are inher - ently unable to identify. Extensive surveys were carried out in Providenciales, South Caicos, East Caicos, and Grand Turk. Live coral cover averaged 10-20%, maximum around 40%. Dead coral exceeded live coral at all sites. Several past mortality events from disease and high temperature were identified. Dead offshore elkhorn reefs, which protect the shoreline from erosion, are slowly crumbling from boring organisms. Stress from sedi- mentation was seen down-current from the Cruise Ship Port dredging site. Unexpectedly frequent and severe, but localized, coral disease was seen at many locations, often appearing in intense patches. A special focus of the survey was identifying algae distribution across environmental gradients. 26 ecological and environmental parameters were assessed at 47 coral reef sites across TCI. Transects were parallel and perpendicular to major environmental gradients and spanned their ranges. Correlations between all pairs of ecological and environmen - tal variables were assessed by non-parametric statistics. The matrix of all correlations and significance provided improved insight into interactions between species and their relations to environmental gradients, revealing that many diseases correlate with certain species of algae, which might be reservoirs for pathogens. High algae abun- dance was seen at almost all sites, with zoned gradients pointing towards nutrient sources. Most dive sites had little algae in shallows, but algae increased dramatically at the drop off edge into deeper water to the thermocline. In many shallow reefs algae zonation indicated land-based nutrient sources from outflow of creeks, marinas, salinas, fish processing plants, hatcheries, or groundwater seepage. Surprisingly high levels of algae were also seen at many remote sites with no land-based nutrient sources. Spatial zonation of algae suggest nutrient inputs from persistent localized upwelling of cold, deep, nutrient-rich water offshore. Green chlorophyll-rich surface water was noted at all sites affected by land-based sources or by offshore upwelling, suggesting widespread high natural nutrient backgrounds. Extensive methods are more cost effective than intensive ones and could be much more widely used for management purposes. The TCI data are being used to develop national water quality management and restoration strategies. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (Suppl. 1): 25-49. Epub 2008 May 30.
On Metacognitive Strategy Use for College Students in English Listening Teaching

The frequencies of low achievers’ metacognitive strategy use are examined in this study and in addition, it is proposed that a metacognitive strategy training model would be effective for low achievers. For these purposes, 146 students from China West Normal University were involved in a comprehensive research. The results indicate that language high achievers and language low achievers vary considerably in metacognitive strategy use and it is necessary to carry out the metacognitive strategy training to enhance the language listening proficiency.
Factors Influencing Postsecondary Education Enrollment Behaviors of Urban Agricultural Education Students.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influenced the postsecondary education enrollment behaviors of students who graduated from an urban agricultural education program. Students indicated that parents and/or guardians had the most influence on their decisions to enroll in a postsecondary education program of agriculture. However, they indicated that their mothers or female guardians had slightly more influence than their fathers or male guardians. Students also reported an interest in agriculture, personal factors, and job opportunities as the events and experiences that most influenced their decisions to enroll. Students who did not choose to enroll cited a lack of interest and personal factors as the primary reasons. Discriminant analysis revealed that high school grade point average and mother’s or female guardian’s level of influence were the most important factors for predicting if students would or would not enroll in a postsecondary education program of agriculture.
EVAPORATION: a new vapour pressure estimation methodfor organic molecules including non-additivity and intramolecular interactions

Abstract. We present EVAPORATION (Estimation of VApour Pressure of ORganics, Accounting for Temperature, Intramolecular, and Non-additivity effects), a method to predict (subcooled) liquid pure compound vapour pressure p 0 of organic molecules that requires only molecular structure as input. The method is applicable to zero-, mono- and polyfunctional molecules. A simple formula to describe log 10 p 0 ( T ) is employed, that takes into account both a wide temperature dependence and the non-additivity of functional groups. In order to match the recent data on functionalised diacids an empirical modification to the method was introduced. Contributions due to carbon skeleton, functional groups, and intramolecular interaction between groups are included. Molecules typically originating from oxidation of biogenic molecules are within the scope of this method: aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, ethers, esters, nitrates, acids, peroxides, hydroperoxides, peroxy acyl nitrates and peracids. Therefore the method is especially suited to describe compounds forming secondary organic aerosol (SOA).
Out-of-Time-Order Correlation at a Quantum Phase Transition

In this paper we numerically calculate the out-of-time-order correlation functions in the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model. Our study is motivated by the conjecture that a system with Lyapunov exponent saturating the upper bound $2\pi/\beta$ will have a holographic dual to a black hole at finite temperature. We further conjecture that for a many-body quantum system with a quantum phase transition, the Lyapunov exponent will have a peak in the quantum critical region where there exists an emergent conformal symmetry and is absent of well-defined quasi-particles. With the help of a relation between the Renyi entropy and the out-of-time-order correlation function, we argue that the out-of-time-order correlation function of the Bose-Hubbard model will also exhibit an exponential behavior at the scrambling time. By fitting the numerical results with an exponential function, we extract the Lyapunov exponents in the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model across the quantum critical regime at finite temperature. Our results on the Bose-Hubbard model support the conjecture. We also compute the butterfly velocity and propose how the echo type measurement of this correlator in the cold atom realizations of the Bose-Hubbard model without inverting the Hamiltonian.
Capacity of normal and turbo-roundabouts: comparative analysis

While researchers agree as to the safety benefits of turbo-roundabouts, their improvements in terms of capacity and delay remain open to discussion. This is mostly because previous research is based on capacity models that do not fully describe the complex interactions between traffic streams on multi-lane roundabouts. This paper proposes a procedure to calculate capacity based on gap-acceptance theory. It addresses the limitations mentioned by accounting for usually disregarded effects such as the dynamic choice of the entry lane and unequal allocation of traffic in the circulatory lanes. Capacities were calculated for a wide range of demand scenarios and it has been shown that only under demand scenarios that are very specific and uncommon in real-world networks, associated with very high percentages of right-turning entry traffic, can a standard turbo-roundabout be expected to provide more capacity than the equivalent two-lane roundabout. It has also been shown that two-lane roundabouts can normally be.