To compare the intraocular pressure in diabetes mellitus and non diabetics individuals

Introduction: To compare the intraocular pressure in diabetes mellitus patients and non diabetics individuals. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational type of study with 100 patients, 50 diabetic and 50 non-diabetics subjects, was conducted at D.Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital Kolhapur from 1 February 2019 to 30 April 2019. All subjects underwent routine complete ophthalmological examination, intra ocular pressure was measured using Perkins applanation tonometer. Blood investigation fasting blood sugars, postprandial sugars, and HbA1c levels was done in diabetics and random blood sugars were done in non diabetic subjects. Results: The mean intraocular pressure in diabetic subjects was 16.67±2.04mmHg and in nondiabetics 13.84±2.85mmHg and difference between the two groups was clinically significant (p<0.0001). The mean intraocular pressure was (16.88±3.09mmHg) in diabetic patients with duration of diabetes greater than 10years as compared with (16.54±2.76mmHg) in diabetic patients with duration less than 10 years, p value > 0.05 which is not statistically significant and with HbA1c >6.5% showed statistically significant higher intraocular pressure compared to HbA1c <6.5%. Conclusion: Diabetic subjects showed higher intraocular pressure as compared to non-diabetic subjects and also there was increase in intraocular pressure with uncontrolled diabetes independent on duration of diabetes. All diabetic patients should undergo intra-ocular pressure measurement routinely. Introduction It is estimated the overall prevalence of diabetes in India to be 7·3%. In many studies diabetes is associated with increase in the thickness of the cornea and also raised intraocular pressure compared to normal healthy individuals. Glaucoma is caused by raised intra ocular pressure which can cause damage to optic disc by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons and permanent visual field loss. In diabetic patients the intraocular pressure is higher. Elevated intra ocular pressure and glaucomatous optic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus patients occurs due to small vessels damage which supply the optic nerve head. Beckers has found elevated intra ocular pressure of more than or equal to 20mmHg in diabetic individuals. Prevalence of chronic open angle glaucoma is higher in diabetics by factor of about 2 in majority of the population based survey’s. Gold standard for measurement of intra ocular pressure is Goldmann tonometer. Chronic raised blood sugar levels can lead to major complication like stroke, cardiac failure, renal failure, myocardial infarction also ophthalmological complications. Ophthalmological complication due to diabetes is one of major complication causing low vision or blindness in many patients. Diabetes can cause cataract, retinal blood vessel changes, macular edema, vitreous haemorrhage, diabetic retinopathy. Aims To compare intraocular pressure in Diabetes mellitus patients and Non diabetics individuals. Objective 1. To compare intra ocular pressure between Diabetes mellitus patients and Non diabetics. 2. To compare intra-ocular pressure in Diabetes mellitus patients with HbA1c value of >6.5% and those with HbA1c value of < 6.5%. 3. To find out intra ocular pressure in relation to duration and different stages of diabetic retinopathy (ETDRS Classification). Materials and Methods General Design This is a hospital based prospective observational study. Patients having diabetes mellitus (who are previously Article Info Received: 18th May, 2019 Accepted: 19th June, 2019 Published Online: 9th September, 2019