Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BLINDLY DETECTING MERGING SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES WITH RADIO SURVEYS

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) presumably grow through numerous mergers throughout cosmic time. During each merger, SMBH binaries are surrounded by a circumbinary accretion disk that imposes a significant (∼104 G for a binary of 108 M☉) magnetic field. The motion of the binary through that field will convert the field energy to Poynting flux, with a luminosity ∼1043 erg s−1 (B/104 G)2(M/108 M☉)2, some of which may emerge as synchrotron emission at frequencies near 1 GHz where current and planned wide-field radio surveys will operate. We find that the short timescales of many mergers will limit their detectability with most planned blind surveys to <1 per year over the whole sky, independent of the details of the emission process and flux distribution. Including an optimistic estimate for the radio flux makes detection even less likely, with <0.1 mergers per year over the whole sky. However, wide-field radio instruments may be able to localize systems identified in advance of merger by gravitational waves. Further, radio surveys may be able to detect the weaker emission produced by the binary's motion as it is modulated by spin–orbit precession and inspiral well in advance of merger.
Performance Analysis for Overlay Multicast on Tree and M-D Mesh Topologies

Without the multicast support from the underlying networks, overlay multicast has the advantage of implementing inter-domain multicast communications. Usually, overlay multicast protocols employ two different topologies: tree and m-D mesh. We propose to study the influence of topology selection to the multicast performances in this paper. We present a set of theoretic results on the metrics of the worst link stress, the worst number of overlay hops and the number of shortest paths for tree-based and M-D mesh-based multicast respectively. Then, we give our observations to these two kinds of multicast. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to evaluate multicast performances on different overlay topologies. We hope that our results are useful for the new multicast protocol design. We hope that our results are useful for the design of new overlay multicast protocols.
Efficacy of Translaminar Facet Screw Fixation in Circumferential Interbody Fusions As Compared to Pedicle Screw Fixation

Objectives Posterior lumbar fixation with translaminar facet screws is a minimally invasive technique with good success rates. Long-term follow-ups show reduced reoperation rates, a decrease in pain scores, and few complications compared with pedicle screw fixation devices. The purpose of this study was to compare the reoperation rate of translaminar facet screw fixation with that of pedicle screw fixation in 360° anterior and posterior fusions for incapacitating low back pain due to lumbar disc degeneration unresponsive to at least 6 months of aggressive nonoperative treatment. Methods One hundred five patients underwent a combined circumferential lumbar fusion with posterior fixation for discogenic pain by one surgeon between August 1993 and February 2003. Seventeen patients were excluded from the study owing to their preoperative etiology for fusion or a prior instrumented posterior fusion. A retrospective chart review was done on all 88 remaining patients. Patients were followed in the office, by phone, or by mail to obtain functional outcome measures. Any subsequent operations by this surgeon or another were recorded. The comparison focused on the rate of reoperation on the region of posterior lumbar fixation. Results Sixty-seven patients have had at least a 2-year follow-up. Twenty-four patients had a posterior fusion with pedicle screws, and 43 had translaminar facet screw fixation. Nine patients of the pedicle screw population (37.5%) had a reoperation to remove their instrumentation. Two patients of the translaminar facet screw population (4.7%) had reoperations on their lumbar spine. There was a significant association between posterior instrumentation type and reoperation (P=0.001). Conclusion The success of translaminar facet screws in circumferential fusions is justified.
Impact of Soil Warming on the Plant Metabolome of Icelandic Grasslands

Climate change is stronger at high than at temperate and tropical latitudes. The natural geothermal conditions in southern Iceland provide an opportunity to study the impact of warming on plants, because of the geothermal bedrock channels that induce stable gradients of soil temperature. We studied two valleys, one where such gradients have been present for centuries (long-term treatment), and another where new gradients were created in 2008 after a shallow crustal earthquake (short-term treatment). We studied the impact of soil warming (0 to +15 °C) on the foliar metabolomes of two common plant species of high northern latitudes: Agrostis capillaris, a monocotyledon grass; and Ranunculus acris, a dicotyledonous herb, and evaluated the dependence of shifts in their metabolomes on the length of the warming treatment. The two species responded differently to warming, depending on the length of exposure. The grass metabolome clearly shifted at the site of long-term warming, but the herb metabolome did not. The main up-regulated compounds at the highest temperatures at the long-term site were saccharides and amino acids, both involved in heat-shock metabolic pathways. Moreover, some secondary metabolites, such as phenolic acids and terpenes, associated with a wide array of stresses, were also up-regulated. Most current climatic models predict an increase in annual average temperature between 2–8 °C over land masses in the Arctic towards the end of this century. The metabolomes of A. capillaris and R. acris shifted abruptly and nonlinearly to soil warming >5 °C above the control temperature for the coming decades. These results thus suggest that a slight warming increase may not imply substantial changes in plant function, but if the temperature rises more than 5 °C, warming may end up triggering metabolic pathways associated with heat stress in some plant species currently dominant in this region.
THE EFFECT OF INCREASED INTRA-ABDOMINAL PRESSURE ON RENAL FUNCTION IN MAN.

It is well established that increased intra-abdominal pressure alters renal function. In experimental animals, distention of the abdominal cavity under pressures greater than 15 mm. of mercury usually reduces urine flow and, under pressures greater than 30 mm. , stops urine flow altogether (1). In man, a tense accumulation of ascitic fluid may be associated with oliguria and the retention of water and salt, which disappear following paracentesis (1). In one respect, increased intra-abdominal pressure seems to improve the function of the kidney, for the urine may become highly concentrated during the period of oliguria. This effect has found practical application in the hands of radiologists (2, 3), who use abdominal compression during intravenous pyelography to assure maximum density of the contrast media excreted by the kidneys. Until the present there has been no satisfactory explanation for these alterations in renal function during abdominal pressurization. It has been suggested that they are due to partial urinary obstruction (3), but the radiologic evidence is against this explanation (4). Urine flow may be increased by diuretics during the application of pressure in experimental animals, indicating the absence of obstruction. Thorington and Schmidt (1) have called attention to the possibility that the associated increased renal venous pressure may interfere with normal blood flow through the kidney and disturb renal function. Recently, abdominal compression has been used as a means of protecting airmen against the illeffects of centrifugal force (positive G) (5). It was assumed that pressurization prevents the pooling of venous blood in the abdominal veins and sustains the return of blood to the heart. The
A feature grouping method for ensemble clustering of high-dimensional genomic big data

High-dimensional genomic big data with hundred of features present a big challenge in cluster analysis. Usually, genomic data are noisy and have correlation among the features. Also, different subspaces exist in high-dimensional genomic data. This paper presents a feature selecting and grouping method for ensemble clustering of high-dimensional genomic data. Two most popular clustering methods: k-means and similarity-based clustering are used for ensemble clustering. Ensemble clustering is more effective in clustering high-dimensional complex data than the traditional clustering algorithms. In this paper, we cluster un-labeled genomic data (148 Exome data sets) of Brugada syndrome from the Centre of Medical Genetics, VUB UZ Brussel using SimpleKMeans, XMeans, DBScan, and MakeDensityBasedCluster algorithms and compare the clustering results with proposed ensemble clustering method. Furthermore, we use biclustering (δ-Biclustering) algorithm on each cluster to find the sub-matrices in the genomic data, which clusters both instances and features simultaneously.
Substitution of Glutamine by Pyruvate To Reduce Ammonia Formation and Growth Inhibition of Mammalian Cells

In mammalian cell culture technology glutamine is required for biomass synthesis and as a major energy source together with glucose. Different pathways for glutamine metabolism are possible, resulting in different energy output and ammonia release. The accumulation of ammonia in the medium can limit cell growth and product formation. Therefore, numerous ideas to reduce ammonia concentration in cultivation broths have been developed. Here we present new aspects on the energy metabolism of mammalian cells. The replacement of glutamine (2 mM) by pyruvate (10 mM) supported cell growth without adaptation for at least 19 passages without reduction in growth rate of different adherent commercial cell lines (MDCK, BHK21, CHO‐K1) in serum‐containing and serum‐free media. The changes in metabolism of MDCK cells due to pyruvate uptake instead of glutamine were investigated in detail (on the amino acid level) for an influenza vaccine production process in large‐scale microcarrier culture. In addition, metabolite profiles from variations of this new medium formulation (1–10 mM pyruvate) were compared for MDCK cell growth in roller bottles. Even at very low levels of pyruvate (1 mM) MDCK cells grew to confluency without glutamine and accumulation of ammonia. Also glucose uptake was reduced, which resulted in lower lactate production. However, pyruvate and glutamine were both metabolized when present together. Amino acid profiles from the cell growth phase for pyruvate medium showed a reduced uptake of serine, cysteine, and methionine, an increased uptake of leucine and isoleucine and a higher release of glycine compared to glutamine medium. After virus infection completely different profiles were found for essential and nonessential amino acids.
Regulation of Peripheral Clock to Oscillation of Substance P Contributes to Circadian Inflammatory Pain

Background: The daily fluctuations of many physiologic and behavioral parameters are differentially influenced by either central or peripheral clocks in mammals. Since substance P (SP) oscillates in some brain tissues and plays an indispensable role in modulating inflammatory pain at the spinal level, we speculated that SP mediates circadian nociception transmission at the spinal level. Methods: In the present study behavioral observation, real-time polymerase chain reaction, luciferase assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry stain methods were used to investigate the role of SP in the spinal circadian nociception transmission and its regulation mechanism. Results: Our results showed that under transcriptional regulation of BMAL1:CLOCK heterodimers, SP's coding gene Tac1 expression oscillates in dorsal root ganglion (n = 36), but not in the spinal dorsal horn. Further, the expression of SP cycled in the spinal dorsal horn, and this rhythmicity was potentially determined by circadian expression of Tac1 in dorsal root ganglion. Furthermore, the variation of SP expression induced by formalin was fluctuated in a similar rhythm to behavioral nociceptive response induced by formalin (n = 48); and the nociceptive behavioral circadian rhythm could be abolished through blockade of the SP–Neurokinin 1 receptor pathway (n = 70). Lastly, the variations of spinal SP expression and behavioral nociceptive response were in step, and both were changed by the deletion mutation of clock gene. Conclusions: We conclude that spinal SP probably plays a pivotal role in modulating circadian inflammatory pain and suggest that peripheral circadian-regulated signaling is potentially an essential pathway for circadian nociceptive transmission.
Endoscopic full-thickness resection for T1 early rectal cancer: a case series and video report

Abstract Background and study aims Endoscopic treatment of malignant colorectal polyps is often challenging, especially for early rectal cancer (ERC) localized close to the dentate line. Conversely, the surgical approach may result in temporary or definitive stoma and in frequent post-surgical complications. The Full-Thickness Resection Device (FTRD®) System (Ovesco Endoscopy, Tübingen, Germany) is a novel system that, besides having other indications, appears to be promising for wall-thickness excision of intestinal T1 carcinoma following incomplete endoscopic resection. However, follow-up data on patients treated with this device are scarce, particularly for ERC. Patients and methods Six consecutive patients with incomplete endoscopic resection of T1-ERC were treated with the FTRD and their long-term outcomes were evaluated based on a detailed clinical and instrumental assessment. Results The endoscopic en bloc full-thickness resection was technically feasible in all patients. The histopathologic analysis showed a complete endoscopic resection in all cases, and a full-thickness excision in four. Neither complications, nor disease recurrence were observed during the 1-year follow-up period. Conclusions The FTRD System is a promising tool for treating ERC featuring a residual risk of disease recurrence after incomplete endoscopic mucosal resection in patients unfit for surgery or refusing a surgical approach.
Model for a strongly correlated insulator: FeSi.

Prompted by suggestions that FeSi may be a strongly correlated insulator, somewhat analogous to the Kondo insulators, we study the properties of a two-band Hubbard model Hamiltonian in the infinite-dimensional limit. By a calculation of the one-particle self-energy using self-consistent second-order perturbation theory we are able to calculate the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility and of angle-resolved photoemission spectra. The results are in fair agreement with experimental data on FeSi.
A phase 2a randomized, parallel group, dose-ranging study of molindone in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and persistent, serious conduct problems.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate safety and tolerability of four doses of immediate-release molindone hydrochloride in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and serious conduct problems. METHODS This open-label, parallel-group, dose-ranging, multicenter trial randomized children, aged 6-12 years, with ADHD and persistent, serious conduct problems to receive oral molindone thrice daily for 9-12 weeks in four treatment groups: Group 1-10 mg (5 mg if weight <30 kg), group 2-20 mg (10 mg if <30 kg), group 3-30 mg (15 mg if <30 kg), and group 4-40 mg (20 mg if <30 kg). The primary outcome measure was to evaluate safety and tolerability of molindone in children with ADHD and serious conduct problems. Secondary outcome measures included change in Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form-Typical Intelligence Quotient (NCBRF-TIQ) Conduct Problem subscale scores, change in Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) and -Improvement (CGI-I) subscale scores from baseline to end point, and Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham rating scale-revised (SNAP-IV) ADHD-related subscale scores. RESULTS The study randomized 78 children; 55 completed the study. Treatment with molindone was generally well tolerated, with no clinically meaningful changes in laboratory or physical examination findings. The most common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) included somnolence (n=9), weight increase (n=8), akathisia (n=4), sedation (n=4), and abdominal pain (n=4). Mean weight increased by 0.54 kg, and mean body mass index by 0.24 kg/m(2). The incidence of AEs and treatment-related AEs increased with increasing dose. NCBRF-TIQ subscale scores improved in all four treatment groups, with 34%, 34%, 32%, and 55% decreases from baseline in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. CGI-S and SNAP-IV scores improved over time in all treatment groups, and CGI-I scores improved to the greatest degree in group 4. CONCLUSIONS Molindone at doses of 5-20 mg/day (children weighing <30 kg) and 20-40 mg (≥ 30 kg) was well tolerated, and preliminary efficacy results suggest that molindone produces dose-related behavioral improvements over 9-12 weeks. Additional double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are needed to further investigate molindone in this pediatric population.
Suppression of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ligand, pioglitazone, in rats

Abstract Neutrophil activation and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induction play a critical role in ischemia-reperfusion-induced intestinal inflammation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, has recently been implicated as a regulator of inflammatory responses. The aim of the present study was to determine whether pioglitazone, a specific PPAR-γ ligand, can ameliorate reperfusion-induced intestinal injury in rats, and whether the agent can inhibit the increase in neutrophil accumulation associated with TNF-α expression. Intestinal damage was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion. Reperfusion after 30 min ischemia resulted in an increase in luminal protein concentrations with levels reaching a maximum after 60 min of reperfusion. In contrast, pretreatment with pioglitazone 2 h before ischemia inhibited the increase in luminal protein concentrations after 60 min reperfusion in a dose-dependent manner (1-30 mg/kg). The increase in tissue-associated myeloperoxidase activity, an index of neutrophil infiltration, after reperfusion was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with pioglitazone. Pioglitazone also inhibited increases in intestinal TNF-α protein and mRNA expression determined by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. In conclusion, activation of PPAR-γ may represent a novel approach to the treatment of intestinal inflammation induced by ischemia-reperfusion.
Parental presence during induction of anaesthesia: practice differences between the United States and Great Britain

A questionnaire was sent to 1353 paediatric anaesthetists in Great Britain and the United States. Nineteen questions were asked about attitudes toward parental presence during induction of anaesthesia and the prevalence of such practice. Overall, respondents from Great Britain support parental presence more than the United States respondents. For example, 82% of the Great Britain respondents, vs 64% of the United States respondents thought that parental presence during induction decreases the anxiety (P= 0.001) and increases the cooperation of the child (P= 0.001). Most United States respondents (58%) allow parental presence in less than 5% of their cases, but most Great Britain respondents (84%) allow parental presence in more than 75% of their cases. We conclude that in contrast to the respondents from Great Britain, the majority of the United States sample does not feel that parental presence is useful and so does not routinely use this technique in their practice.
Cell dynamic adhesion and elastic properties probed with cylindrical atomic force microscopy cantilever tips

Cell adhesion is required for essential biological functions such as migration, tissue formation and wound healing, and it is mediated by individual molecules that bind specifically to ligands on other cells or on the extracellular matrix. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been successfully used to measure cell adhesion at both single molecule and whole cell levels. However, the measurement of inherent cell adhesion properties requires a constant cell–probe contact area during indentation, a requirement which is not fulfilled in common pyramidal or spherical AFM tips. We developed a procedure using focused ion beam (FIB) technology by which we modified silicon pyramidal AFM cantilever tips to obtain flat‐ended cylindrical tips with a constant and known area of contact. The tips were validated on elastic gels and living cells. Cylindrical tips showed a fairly linear force–indentation behaviour on both gels and cells for indentations >200 nm. Cylindrical tips coated with ligands were used to quantify inherent dynamic cell adhesion and elastic properties. Force, work of adhesion and elasticity showed a marked dynamic response. In contrast, the deformation applied to the cells before rupture was fairly constant within the probed dynamic range. Taken together, these results suggest that the dynamic adhesion strength is counterbalanced by the dynamic elastic response to keep a constant cell deformation regardless of the applied pulling rate. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Simple Method for the Estimation of Interaction Bias in Crossover Studies

The crossover trial is considered the most powerful means of determining the efficacy of new drugs. However this study design is frequently invalidated by treatment‐by‐period interaction. If, for example, the effect of the first treatment period carries on into the next one, then it influences the response to the latter period (carryover effect). A second problem is that there are no reliable statistical methods to test for this potential bias. This article takes issue with these problems and gives an alternative method for the detection of interaction simply by looking at the data. In a crossover without interaction the second period should be a true reflection of the first. If, however, the data of a treatment are better in the second period than in the first, a carryover effect is probable. If worse, a rebound phenomenon or a negative carryover effect is likely. If both treatments are better or worse, a time effect or some other external influence might be present. The authors illustrate this simple method by a summary of a few selected trials that have been published recently. This method enables not only the detection of interaction but also the differentiation between different types of interactions. Therefore, investigators are advised to use it in order to make sure that there are no unexpected problems.