Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Free time and leisure participation: international perspectives.

1. Introduction Grant Cushman, A. J. Veal and Jiri Zuzanek 2. Australia A.J. Veal 3. Canada Jiri Zuzanek 4. Finland Mirja Liikkanen and Hannu Paakkonen 5. France Nicole Samuel 6. Germany Walter Tokarski and Harald Michels 7. Great Britain Chris Gratton and A. J. Veal 8. Hong Kong Atara Sivan, Bob Robertson and Sue Walker 9. Israel Hillel Ruskin and Atara Sivan 10. Japan Munehiko Harada 11. Netherlands Wim Knulst and Hugo Van der Poel 12. New Zealand Sue Walker, Mary Donn and Allan Laidler 13. Poland Bhodan Jung 14. Russia I.A. Butenko 15. Spain Concepcion Maiztegui-Oate 16. United States of America: Outdoor Recreation H. K. Cordell, G. T. Green, V. R. Leeworthy, R. Stephens and C. J. Betz 17. United States of America: Time-use John P. Robinson and Geoffrey Godbey 18. Conclusion Grant Cushman, A. J. Veal and Jiri Zuzanek.
Genotoxic risk and oxidative DNA damage in workers exposed to antimony trioxide

The growing use of antimony (Sb) compounds in industry and the consequent increase in the number of exposed workers make it important to carry out a health risk assessment. The main goal of this study was to assess the genotoxicity of Sb2O3 in occupationally exposed workers. Genotoxicity was evaluated by the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus tests, and the enzyme (Fpg)‐modified comet assay. In addition, antimony exposure levels were established by environmental monitoring with personal air samplers. We studied 23 male workers assigned to different fire retardant treatment tasks in the car upholstery industry and a control group of 23 healthy nonexposed males. The exposed workers were divided into two groups on the basis of their tasks and the work cycle: Group A comprised finishing and intermediate inspection operators who directly handled a mixture containing Sb2O3; Group B were jet operators, not directly exposed to the compound. Environmental monitoring detected low Sb exposure levels but significant differences between the two groups, with Group A having the higher exposure level. Cytogenetic analyses showed no difference between exposed workers and controls for micronuclei and SCE. The enzyme‐modified comet assay showed a probable relation between moderate levels of oxidative DNA damage and exposure to antimony, with a significantly higher proportion of workers in Group A having oxidative DNA damage compared to controls. The results support the theory that oxidative DNA damage is involved in the genotoxicity of antimony and indicate the need for further research in this field. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 40:184–189, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in regional cerebral blood flow following mood challenge in drug‐free, remitted patients with unipolar depression

Studies of mood provocation in remitted patients with depression have enabled the description of specific brain changes relevant to depression relapse vulnerability. Because patients in these studies were also receiving maintenance pharmacotherapy, the ability to subtract out the drug effect from the changes observed is reduced. Our study addresses this concern. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) among 11 medication‐free, remitted patients with unipolar depression relative to baseline state were assessed with [15O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET) following provocation of sadness. Participants showed decreased activation in prefrontal cortex similar to those reported for remitted, medicated patients undergoing mood challenge, as well as for acutely depressed patients who were medication free. Previously reported mediofrontal changes in remitted patients are unlikely to be a consequence of maintenance medication and more likely are evidence of relapse vulnerability. Depression and Anxiety 24:597–601, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthetic retinoid CD437 promotes rapid apoptosis in malignant human epidermal keratinocytes and G1 arrest in their normal counterparts

Four human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines and normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) cells from two donors were examined for sensitivity to the synthetic retinoid 6‐[3‐(1‐adamantyl)‐4‐hydroxyphenyl]‐2‐naphthalene carboxylic acid (CD437) alone or in combination with other agents. CD437 promoted rapid (within 2 h) apoptosis in SCC cells and G1 arrest in NHEK cells. G1 arrest in NHEK cells was sustained for 48 h while apoptosis occurred in approximately 60% of SCC cell after 24 h. Apoptosis could not be inhibited by nuclear retinoic acid receptor antagonists or cycloheximide, indicating CD437 was functioning in a receptor‐independent manner. All‐trans retinoic acid not only failed to induce apoptosis in SCC cells even at 20‐fold higher concentration relative to the effective concentration of CD437; it also decreased the efficacy of CD437. Because of its differential effects on normal versus malignant keratinocytes, CD437 may be useful for the prevention or treatment of cutaneous SCC. J. Cell. Physiol. 186:24–34, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of daily oral care with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate and a standard oral care protocol on the development of nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients: a pilot study.

PURPOSE The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if a difference existed between nosocomial pneumonia rates for intubated critical care unit (CCU) patients who received twice-daily oral hygiene care with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate and those who received the standard oral care. METHODS Over seven months (February to August), CCU patients were identified through screening and informed consent procedures, and randomized into 1 of 2 groups. Over the 7 months, due to the critically ill nature of the patients, only 5 subjects were enrolled. While in the study, twice-daily oral hygiene care consisted of brushing the cheeks, teeth, and endotracheal tube with a suctioning toothbrush using an FDA-approved 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate antimicrobial agent with the experimental group (2 intubated patients in the CCU). The control group (3 intubated patients in the CCU) received the standard oral care 6 times per day utilizing a soft foam swab and half strength hydrogen peroxide. All oral care was performed by the nursing staff. The number of persons developing nosocomial pneumonia was monitored until hospital discharge. RESULTS Results revealed that 1 person out of 3 in the control group was discharged from the hospital with a diagnosis of nosocomial (aspiration) pneumonia. Neither of the 2 subjects in the experimental group was diagnosed with nosocomial pneumonia. Preliminary findings suggest that twice-daily oral hygiene care with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate may reduce the risk of nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients more than the 6-times daily standard oral care protocol. The standard oral care protocol does not include the use of an FDA-approved antimicrobial solution. However, the small size of the sample makes this finding inconclusive. CONCLUSION Twice-daily oral hygiene care with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate may hold promise as a nosocomial pneumonia reduction strategy within hospital CCUs; however, its application requires further testing.
Photoperiodic flowering of Arabidopsis: integrating genetic and physiological approaches to characterization of the floral stimulus

In many plants the transition from vegetative growth to flowering is controlled by environmental cues. One of these cues is day length or photoperiod, which synchronizes flowering of many species with the changing seasons. Recently, advances have been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms that confer photoperiodic control of flowering and, in particular, how inductive events occurring in the leaf, where photoperiod is perceived, are linked to floral evocation that takes place at the shoot apical meristem. We discuss recent data obtained using molecular genetic approaches on the function of regulatory proteins that control flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. These data are compared with the results of physiological analyses of the floral transition, which were performed in a range of species and directed towards identification of the transmitted floral singals.
Ku Is a Novel Transcriptional Recycling Coactivator of the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer Cells*

The androgen receptor (AR) dynamically assembles and disassembles multicomponent receptor complexes in order to respond rapidly and reversibly to fluctuations in androgen levels. We are interested in identifying the basal factors that compose the AR aporeceptor and holoreceptor complexes and impact the transcriptional process. Using tandem mass spectroscopy analysis, we identified the trimeric DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) complex as the major AR-interacting proteins. AR directly interacts with both Ku70 and Ku80 in vivo and in vitro, as shown by co-immunoprecipitation, glutathione S-transferase pull-down, and Sf9 cell/baculovirus expression. The interaction was localized to the androgen receptor ligand binding domain and is independent of DNA interactions. Ku interacts with AR in the cytoplasm and nucleus regardless of the presence or absence of androgen. Ku acts as a coactivator of AR activity in a luciferase reporter assay employing both Ku-defective cells and Ku small interfering RNA knock-down in a prostate cancer cell line. DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) also acts as a coactivator of androgen receptor activity in a luciferase reporter assay employing DNA-PKcs defective cells. AR nuclear translocation is not affected in Ku defective cells, implying Ku functionality may be mainly nuclear. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that both Ku70 and Ku80 interact with the prostate-specific antigen promoter in an androgen-dependant manner. Finally, in vitro transcription assays demonstrated Ku involvement in transcriptional recycling with androgen dependent promoters.
Investigation of GaAsBi/GaAsN Type-II Staggered Heterojunction TFETs with the Analytical Model

We investigate GaAs<sub><italic>1-x</italic></sub>Bi<sub><italic>x</italic></sub>/GaAs<sub><italic>1-y</italic></sub>N<sub><italic>y</italic></sub> type-II staggered heterojunction tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) with the analytical model. GaAs<sub><italic>1-x</italic></sub>Bi<sub><italic>x</italic></sub>/GaAs<sub><italic>1-y</italic></sub>N<sub><italic>y</italic></sub> exhibits a remarkable type-II band lineup and the effective bandgap <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E} _{{{G,{\mathrm{ eff}}}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at interface is significantly reduced with the increasing of bismuth (Bi) and nitrogen (N) compositions. Theoretical characterization shows that the band-to-band tunneling probability and current of TFETs are boosted with the decreasing of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E} _{{{G,\text {eff}}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at the GaAs<sub><italic>1-x</italic></sub>Bi<sub><italic>x</italic></sub>/GaAs<sub><italic>1-y</italic></sub>N<sub><italic>y</italic></sub> staggered tunnel-ing junction by increasing Bi and N compositions. It is demonstrated by the analytical calculation that GaAs<sub><italic>1-x</italic></sub>Bi<sub><italic>x</italic></sub>/GaAs<sub><italic>1-y</italic></sub>N<sub><italic>y</italic></sub> heterostructure is a potential candidate for high-performance TFET.
Adoptable strategic approaches to improve outcomes of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantations from unrelated donors

While previous studies have shown comparable clinical results for related and unrelated bone marrow transplantation (BMT), the transplantation outcomes for related and unrelated peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) may not follow the same pattern due to a higher incidence of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD)‐related morbidity and mortality in the case of long‐term survival after unrelated PBSCT. Thus, given the higher possibility of an impaired quality of life due to severe GVHD in long‐term survivors who receive unrelated PBSCT, the selection of the stem cell source needs to be decided very carefully. In addition, strategic approaches, such as the extended use of immunosuppressant as a GVHD prophylaxis, the use of antithymocyte globulins (ATGs), choosing a younger donor, and optimizing the CD34+ cell dose, need to be adopted to improve the transplantation outcomes by minimizing GVHD‐related morbidity and mortality in an unrelated PBSCT setting. This review article provides a comparison of BMT and PBSCT, and related and unrelated PBSCT, plus introduces several adoptable strategies to improve the outcomes of unrelated PBSCT.
Evaluation of Feeding Varying Levels of Wet Distillers Grains with Solubles as Compared to Dry Distilelrs Grains with Solubles to Finishing Steers

A study was repeated over 2 years to determine the effect of feeding different levels of dry distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) on the performance of finishing cattle. In each year, 120 steers (756 ± 22 lb) were weighed, and randomly allocated to 15 pens. The pens were then assigned to one of five treatments: 1) cornsoybean meal (CON); 2) 20% DDGS; 3) 20% WDGS; 4) 40% DDGS; or 5) 40% WDGS. The basal diet consisted of 10% alfalfa hay, 4% molasses, 2% supplement, 10.5% SBM and 73.5% cracked corn. The WDGS and DDGS were added to replace all the SBM and part of the cracked corn. Steers were fed these diets for 138 and 129 days in years 1 and 2, respectively. Body weight was recorded prior to feeding at the start of the trial and every 28 days. Steers were harvested at a commercial facility and carcass data were collected. No treatment x year interactions occurred, thus data were pooled over the 2 years. There was an interaction between wet vs. dry and 20% vs. 40% distillers grains with solubles (DGS) for cumulative DMI. Steers fed 20% and 40% DDGS had the highest DMI, but feeding 40% WDGS significantly depressed (P < 0.01) DMI. Cumulative ADG was similar across all treatments; however, steers fed 40% DGS had greater G:F (P < 0.05) than those fed 20% DGS, and those fed WDGS were more efficient (P < 0.01) than those fed DDGS. Pooled carcass data showed that steers fed DGS had greater (P < 0.01) 12 rib fat compared to CON resulting in steers fed DGS having greater (P < 0.05) Yield Grades compared to CON steers. Steers fed 20% DDGS and 20% WDGS had numerically higher
Surgical Treatment of Displaced Medial Epicondyle Fractures in Adolescent Athletes*

Eight adolescent athletes (average age, 11 years; range, 9 to 15) underwent open reduction and internal fixation of acute, displaced medial epicondyle frac tures. Fixation was achieved with a screw and washer. Four patients (50%) had associated elbow disloca tions. Elbow motion in a brace was initiated 4 days after surgery. The brace allowed full flexion and exten sion but protected the elbow against valgus stress. Bracing was continued for 4 weeks. The average du ration of followup was 10 months (range, 6 to 13). All fractures united, and full motion was achieved in seven patients. One patient lost 5° of hyperextension com pared with the opposite elbow. All eight elbows were stable to valgus stress and were pain-free. All patients returned to full sports activity.
Different sensitivities to rocuronium of the neuromuscular junctions innervated by normal/damaged facial nerves and somatic nerve in rats: the role of the presynaptic acetylcholine quantal release.

BACKGROUND Muscles present different responses to muscle relaxants, a mechanism of importance in surgeries requiring facial nerve evoked electromyography under general anaesthesia. The non-depolarizing muscle relaxants have multiple reaction formats in the neuromuscular junction, in which pre-synaptic quantal release of acetylcholine was one of the important mechanisms. This study was to compare the pre-synaptic quantal release of acetylcholine from the neuromuscular junctions innervated by normal/damaged facial nerves and somatic nerve under the effect of rocuronium in rats in vitro. METHODS Acute right-sided facial nerve injury was induced by nerve crush axotomies. Both sided facial nerve connected orbicularis oris strips and tibial nerve connected gastrocnemius strips were isolated to measure endplate potentials (EPP) and miniature endplate potentials (MEPP) using an intracellular microelectrode gauge under different rocuronium concentrations. Then, the pre-synaptic quantal releases of acetylcholine were calculated by the ratios of the EPPs and the MEPPs, and compared among the damaged or normal facial nerve innervated orbicularis oris and tibial nerve innervated gastrocnemius. RESULTS The EPP/MEPP ratios of the three neuromuscular junctions decreased in a dose dependent manner with the increase of the rocuronium concentration. With the concentrations of rocuronium being 5 µg/ml, 7.5 µg/ml and 10 µg/ml, the decrease of the EPP/MEPP ratio in the damaged facial nerve group was greater than that in the normal facial nerve group. The decrease in the somatic nerve group was the biggest, with significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Rocuronium presented different levels of inhibition on the pre-synaptic quantal release of acetylcholine in the three groups of neuromuscular junctions. The levels of the inhibition showed the following sequence: somatic nerve > damaged facial nerve > normal facial nerve. The difference may be one of the reasons causing the different sensitivities to rocuronium among the muscles innervated by the normal/injured facial nerves and the somatic nerve. The results may provide some information for the proper usage of muscle relaxants in surgeries requiring electromyographic monitoring for the pre-surgically impaired facial nerves.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MOSQUITO NETS TREATED WITH A TABLET FORMULATION OF DELTAMETHRIN FOR MALARIA CONTROL IN A HYPERENDEMIC TRIBAL AREA OF SUNDARGARH DISTRICT, ORISSA, INDIA

ABSTRACT A village-scale trial on the efficacy of mosquito nets treated with a tablet formulation of deltamethrin (K-OTAB®) against malaria in comparison to untreated nets or no net was conducted in Sundargarh District of Orissa, India, which is characterized by perennial transmission with Plasmodium falciparum accounting for more than 80% of malaria cases. Three villages with similar topographical and epidemiological situations were selected and randomly assigned to 3 arms of the study: treated net, untreated net, and no net. Distribution of nets, based on a sleeping pattern survey, was carried out to cover 100% of the population in treated-net and untreated-net villages. Longitudinal and cross-sectional surveys were conducted to measure malaria incidence, prevalence, and splenomegaly. Malaria incidence was reduced by 64.3% in the village with treated nets, 45.2% in the village with plain nets, and 21.4% in the control village without nets. Comparison of malaria incidence data after 1 year of intervention showed significant difference between villages with treated net vs. untreated net (P < 0.05) and treated net vs. no net (P < 0.005). The incidence of clinical attack rate due to P. falciparum was significantly lower in the population using treated nets than in those using untreated nets and no nets. However, no age-specific protective efficacy of treated nets or untreated nets was observed. A significant reduction occurred in spleen rate and parasite rate in children aged 2–9 years using treated nets or untreated nets. An overall significant reduction was found in parasite rate in the total population using treated and untreated nets as compared to nonusers.
LA STIMULATION CARDIAQUE AU CENTRE HOSPITALIER UNIVERSITAIRE DE BRAZZAVILLE : Campagne humanitaire d’implantation de pacemakers

But de l’etude : Evaluer l’activite de la stimulation cardiaque au CHU de Brazzaville: indications, aspects epidemiologiques, aspects techniques et difficultes rencontrees. Materiel et Methodes : C’etait une etude transversale et descriptive au cours d’une compagne gratuite de pose de pacemakers. Resultats : On avait 12 patients implantes dont 6 hommes (50%), âges de 64,5±14,8 ans en moyenne (extremes de 33 a 83 ans). Le tableau clinique etait domine par : l’asthenie (100%), la dyspnee (58,3%), les syncopes (58,3%), les lipothymies (66,7%) et les vertiges (50%). La duree moyenne de la maladie etait de 9,1±9,0 mois (extremes de un a 35 mois). Tous les patients avaient une cardiomegalie radiologique. On avait une dilatation du ventricule gauche chez huit patients (66,7%). La frequence cardiaque moyenne etait de 40,4±4 par minute (extremes de 28 a 50). On avait comme indications de stimulateurs cardiaques : sept BAV isoles de l’adulte (58,3%), quatre bradyarythmies (33,3%) et une dysfonction sinusale (8,3%). On avait retrouve comme etiologies : neuf origines degeneratives (75%), une origine ischemique, une congenitale et une sarcoidose. Comme mode programmation, on avait : sept DDD (58,3%), quatre VVIR (33,3%) et un DDDR (8,3%). La duree totale d’hospitalisation etait en moyenne de 5,9±1,1 jours (extremes de 5 a 8 jours). Aucune complication n’a ete notee a ce jour. Conclusion : La stimulation cardiaque est une technique therapeutique indispensable et techniquement faisable au Congo-Brazzaville, mais dont l’essor depend de la prise en charge de l’etat. Mots cles : stimulation cardiaque, Brazzaville, indications, obstacles
Policies for Endotracheal Suctioning of Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective. The Dutch Working Party on Infection Prevention (Werkgroep Infectiepreventie [WIP]) aimed to determine whether certain policies on endotracheal suctioning are better than others in terms of prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. Methods. Publications were retrieved by a systematic search of Medline and the Cochrane Library for literature published before February 2006. Additionally, the reference lists of all identified trials were examined. All randomized trials, quasi-randomized trials, and systematic reviews or meta-analyses of randomized or quasi-randomized trials that compared different policies on endotracheal suctioning for patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit were selected. Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Disagreements were resolved by discussion with a third reviewer. Data from the original publications were used to calculate the relative risk of VAP. Data for VAP were combined in the analysis where appropriate, by use of a random-effects model. Results. Ten trials were included in the review. The quality of the trials and the way they were reported were generally unsatisfactory. Eight low-quality trials indicate that use of closed instead of open suction systems has no effect on the incidence of VAP. Two moderate-quality trials indicate that changing in-line suction catheters less frequently than every 24 hours does not increase the incidence of VAP. Conclusion. The WIP recommends that there be no preferential use of either open or closed endotracheal suction systems to reduce the rate of VAP, but it elucidates that the quality of the evidence is low. Considerations other than prevention of VAP should determine the choice of the suction system. When closed systems are used, the WIP recommends changing the in-line suction catheters every 48 hours. In case of mechanical failure or soiling of the suction system, they may be changed more frequently.