Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence that Homeostatic Sleep Regulation Depends on Ambient Illuminance Levels

We examined whether the ambient illuminance during extended wakefulness modulates the homeostatic increase in human deep sleep [i.e. slow wave sleep (SWS) and electroencephalographic (EEG) slow-wave activity (SWA)] in healthy young and older volunteers. Thirty-eight young and older participants underwent 40 hours of extended wakefulness [i.e. sleep deprivation (SD)] once under dim light (DL: 8 lux, 2800K), and once under either white light (WL: 250 lux, 2800K) or blue-enriched white light (BL: 250 lux, 9000K) exposure. Subjective sleepiness was assessed hourly and polysomnography was quantified during the baseline night prior to the 40-h SD and during the subsequent recovery night. Both the young and older participants responded with a higher homeostatic sleep response to 40-h SD after WL and BL than after DL. This was indexed by a significantly faster intra-night accumulation of SWS and a significantly higher response in relative EEG SWA during the recovery night after WL and BL than after DL for both age groups. No significant differences were observed between the WL and BL condition for these two particular SWS and SWA measures. Subjective sleepiness ratings during the 40-h SD were significantly reduced under both WL and BL compared to DL, but were not significantly associated with markers of sleep homeostasis in both age groups. Our data indicate that not only the duration of prior wakefulness, but also the experienced illuminance during wakefulness affects homeostatic sleep regulation in humans. Thus, working extended hours under low illuminance may negatively impact subsequent sleep intensity in humans.
Religiosity, Mindset, and Math Achievement

ii Dedication . iii Acknowledgements . iv List of Tables . xi List of Figures . xii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Problem Statement . 2 Nature of the Study . 3 Research Questions . 3 Hypotheses . 4 Research question 1 . 4 Research question 2 . 4 Research questions 3 and 4 . 4 Research Objectives . 4 Purpose. 4 Conceptual Framework . 5 Definitions of Terms . 6 Religiosity . 6 Mindset. 7 Assumptions. 7 Limitations . 8 Scope and Delimitations . 8
The Impact of Readers Theater on Fluency

This action research study describes a problem of practice derived from the identification of several students in fifth-grade that lack the reading skills necessary to be classified fluent readers as identified by Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills-Next Edition Oral Reading Fluency (DIBELS Next ORF). The identification of the problem of practice led to the development of an action research study, which examined the impact of fluency instruction that used readers theater texts on students’ overall fluency performance. Through a convergent mixed methods design, the study addressed three research questions, which explored the impact of using readers theater texts on students’ overall fluency performance, the perceptions of student-participants, and the perceptions of the teacher-participant on the fluency intervention. Quantitative data collection instruments of pre-and post-tests and qualitative instruments of field notes, open-ended questionnaires, and a one-on-one semi-structured interview were used in this study. The study revealed that the prescribed fluency intervention using readers theater texts with a combination of research-based fluency instructional strategies was statistically significant in improving students’ accuracy percentages, showed promising impacts on fluency rate, and had a positive effect on the way in which students’ view themselves as readers. The findings and supporting themes suggest implications for professional development at the research site to increase the awareness of the impacts of fluency on students’ reading performance, to effectively analyze fluency data to make a plan of action to support struggling students within each teachers’ classroom, and to support teachers as they begin to use fluency instructional strategies and appropriate texts in their classrooms. Future research will determine if the fluency text type of poetry is effective in the same type of intervention used in this action research study and if students’ retell of the text becomes more sophisticated in nature as fluency rate and accuracy percentages increase.
The Bidirectionality of Impulsivity and Alcohol Use: An Ecological Momentary Examination Among Emerging Adults

THE BIDIRECTIONALITY OF IMPULSIVITY AND ALCOHOL USE: AN ECOLOGICAL MOMENTARY EXAMINATION AMONG EMERGING ADULTS Amy L. Stamates Old Dominion University, 2019 Director: Dr. Cathy Lau-Barraco Impulsivity is a robust risk factor for alcohol use among emerging adults (i.e., 18 to 25), but significant gaps remain in our understanding of the way that impulsivity relates to alcohol harms. Most prior research has been limited to between-level differences; thus, within-person variability in impulsivity at the momentary level and its bidirectional association with alcohol use has not been examined. Consequently, the present research used a 14-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design to: (1) determine momentary impulsivity as a predictor of subsequent alcohol use and problems; (2) examine the influence of alcohol use on subsequent impulsivity; (3) test socio-cognitive mechanisms (motives, expectancies, and norms) as real-time mediators explaining the link between momentary impulsivity and alcohol use; and (4) test context and sex as moderators of the relationship between momentary impulsivity and alcohol use. Participants were 96 (63 women) heavy drinking, college students. The mean age was 19.80 (SD = 1.76) years. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire and 14 consecutive days of momentary reports sent in the morning, afternoon, and evening; participants also completed two user-initiated reports during a drinking occasion (i.e., at the beginning and the end of their drinking). Multilevel modeling results indicated that greater levels of impulsivity experienced during the day was not associated with alcohol use or problems experienced that night. For bidirectional effects, alcohol use was associated with greater impulsivity reported at the end of the drinking occasion and greater alcohol use predicted greater impulsivity the next morning. Multilevel structural equation modeling revealed significant within-person mediation, such that on days when individuals reported greater than usual impulsivity, they also reported greater enhancement motives, positive expectancies, and negative expectancies, which in turn, was associated with greater alcohol consumption. Coping motives and norms did not mediate the association between impulsivity and alcohol use. A peer drinking context and sex were not significant moderators of the link between impulsivity and alcohol use. Overall, this study was the first to examine the bidirectional relationship between impulsivity and alcohol use as well as mechanisms and moderators using an EMA methodology. Findings supported impulsivity’s conceptualization as a state construct, and fluctuations in momentary states of impulsivity may coincide with alcohol use behaviors. Thus, findings from the present study contributed to conceptual daily process models of drinking by identifying how alcohol behaviors unfold in the real world. Future research is needed to examine other potential within-person mechanisms that may underlie or factors that may impact the examined relationships.
Arousal or Relevance? Applying a Discrete Emotion Perspective to Aging and Affect Regulation

While research in the psychology of human aging suggests that older adults are quite adept at managing negative affect, emotion regulation efficacy may depend on the discrete emotion elicited. For instance, prior research suggests older adults are more effective at dealing with emotional states that are more age-relevant/useful and lower in intensity (i.e., sadness) relative to less relevant/useful or more intense (i.e., anger). The goal of the present study was to probe this discrete emotions perspective further by addressing the relevance/intensity distinction within a broader set of negative affective states (i.e., fear and disgust, along with anger and sadness). Results revealed that participants reported relatively high levels of the intended emotion for each video, while also demonstrating significant affective recovery after the attentional refocusing task. Age differences in sadness and anger reactivity were observed with older adults reporting higher subjective reactivity relative to younger adults, with comparable recovery levels. Results from the physiological analyses did not reveal significant age differences in reactivity and recovery profiles. We discuss how the present results, at least in terms of participants’ subjective emotional experiences, suggest potential expansions to the discrete emotions approach for affective processing and regulation throughout the adult lifespan.
GCSE exam stress: student perceptions of the effects on wellbeing and performance

ABSTRACT In the UK education system, an ‘audit culture’ has led to pressures being placed on students to achieve high grades in their GCSEs. It has been suggested that schools are required to achieve good academic results and look after their students’ wellbeing, causing a conflict in relation to public examinations, such as GCSEs. School staff support both performance and wellbeing by preparing students for exams. However, research suggests that there is a danger that many underperform, or are negatively affected (emotionally) by exam stress, or both. This paper describes a research project within the UK. The aims of which were to explore the views of students who had recently taken GCSE exams, to gain an understanding of how they felt their GCSE experiences affected their wellbeing and performance, to find out what factors contributed to or alleviated their levels of exam stress, and whether theories relating to exam stress such as Achievement Goal Theory could be used to explain the individual differences in levels of exam stress. Findings and conclusions provided ways to improve the support for students during their GCSEs, improving academic performance and wellbeing.
Advice taking by groups: The effects of consensus seeking and member opinion differences

Individuals often underutilize the advice they receive from others, a phenomenon known as egocentric advice discounting. Recent research suggests that this tendency may be even stronger in groups (Minson & Mueller, 2012; Schultze, Mojzisch, & Schulz-Hardt, 2019). Using a quantity estimation task, we tested five hypotheses about advice taking by groups and individuals. Chief among these is that groups will discount advice more than individuals do when they have reached consensus on the quantity in question prior to receiving that advice, but will discount it less than individuals do when, in addition to being prevented from reaching consensus beforehand, their members initially have rather different opinions about that quantity. We also tested the hypothesis that advice received from groups will be discounted less than advice received from individuals. Individuals and two-person teams received advice on 15 general knowledge questions that each called for a percentage response. Half of the teams were required to reach an initial consensus judgment before receiving that advice, while the rest were prevented from doing so. Study results support most of our hypotheses, and are discussed in terms of the motivated cognitive closure likely induced by pre-advice consensus seeking in groups.
Abnormal electroencephalographyas predictor of mortality in meningoencephalitis

Although the incidence of meningoencephalitis has decreased,howeverits mortality remainshigh. Electroencephalography (EEG) has an important role in the management of meningoencephalitis although the imaging modalities have replaced its position. Abnormality in EEG may appear earlier than in imaging so it is expected to predict mortality.The study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of EEG results in predicting mortality of meningoencephalitis.This was an observational prospective cohort study involvingmeningoencephalitis patients in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital,Yogyakartafrom July 2016 to January 2017 who underwent EEG examination.The patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into abnormal and normal EEG groups. The outcomewas the mortality during hospitalization. Furthermore, the type of EEG abnormalities associated with mortality were evaluated.Thirty-eight patients with the mean age was 33.61±20.37 yearwere involved in this study. Twenty-eight patients (73.7%) had abnormal EEG result and 10 patients (26.3%) death.Bivariate analysis showed that abnormal EEG result (p =0.028) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (p =0.005) were significantly associated with mortality. Analysis for the type of EEG abnormalities found that only diffuse slowing (p =0.001) was significantly associated with mortality. Multivariate analysis showed either abnormal EEG result or GCS score were independently predictor of mortality. Abnormal EEG and GCS score were interrelated in affecting mortality.In conclusion, abnormal EEG resultin meningoencephalitis, diffuse slowing in particular, is predictor of mortality during hospitalization
Party Members in Austria

Die Mitgliederzahlen politischer Parteien sind in nahezu allen westlichen Demokratien rucklaufig. Dennoch ist es nach der hier vertretenen Ansicht verfruht, Parteimitglieder als Forschungsgegenstand aufzugeben. Parteien und ihre Mitglieder erfullen noch immer zentrale Funktionen in demokratischen Systemen (etwa Partizipation, Reprasentation und Auswahl politischer Spitzenfunktionen) sowie hinsichtlich der notwendigen Delegation von Kompetenzen und Verantwortlichkeiten von Parlamenten hin zur Regierung und Exekutive. Des Weiteren stellt Osterreich mit seinen (noch immer) bemerkenswert hohen Mitgliederzahlen einen weltweit beachteten Sonderfall dar. Deswegen sowie aufgrund der Tatsache, dass Parteimitglieder in Osterreich bis dato kaum systematisch untersucht wurden, widmet sich diese Masterarbeit der Beantwortung folgender drei Forschungsfragen: Wie reprasentativ sind Osterreichs Parteien und Parteimitglieder? In welchem Umfang und auf welche Weise engagieren sich osterreichische Parteimitglieder? Welche Faktoren erklaren das Engagement innerhalb von Parteien am zuverlassigsten? Nach einer umfassenden Darstellung internationaler und nationaler Forschungsergebnisse werden diese Forschungsfragen anhand Daten aus der AUTNES Pre- and Post-Panel Study 2013 beantwortet. Zusammengefasst kann festgehalten werden, dass Osterreichs Parteien im europaischen Vergleich als durchaus reprasentativ bezeichnet werden konnen. Bestimmte gesellschaftliche Gruppen, darunter Frauen, junge Menschen und formal Niedrigqualifizierte, sind jedoch nur ungenugend reprasentiert. Die Analyse der Aktivitaten osterreichischer Partei-mitglieder zeigt, dass zumindest mehr als ein Drittel als vollig inaktiv einzustufen ist. Im Vergleich zu Nicht-Parteimitgliedern weisen sie jedoch ein uberdurchschnittliches Interesse an Politik auf, des Weiteren gehen sie haufiger politischen Aktivitaten nach. Die Selbsteinstufung osterreichischer Parteimitglieder und eine logistische Regressionsanalyse zeigen, dass mehrere Einflussfaktoren bei der Entscheidung einer Partei beizutreten eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. In einem abschliesenden Kapitel werden die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit in den Kontext der bestehenden politikwissen-schaftlichen Forschung gesetzt und auf ihre normativen Implikationen untersucht.
Self–Processes of Acceptance, Compassion, and Regulation of Learning in University Students with Learning Disabilities and/or ADHD

University students with a learning disability (LD) represent a growing fraction of the student population within North America. Although past research has focused on cognitive aspects of living with an LD and/or attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), social–emotional factors have received less attention. Such factors may play an important role in self–regulation of learning. This study investigated the relations among self–compassion, self–acceptance of an LD, and self–regulated learning in university students with an LD and/or ADHD. Participants were 78 university students who self–identified as possessing an LD and/or ADHD. Variables were measured using an online questionnaire. These students had lower self–compassion scores than found by researchers in other studies. Correlational analyses revealed significant associations among self–acceptance of an LD, self–compassion, and self–regulated learning.
Domination and Objectification: Men’s Motivation for Dominance Over Women Affects Their Tendency to Sexually Objectify Women

In the present research, we examined the association between heterosexual men’s motivation for dominance over women and their sexual objectification of women. We found that men’s social dominance orientation (SDO) correlated with their tendency to sexually objectify women (Study 1). Inducing threat to men’s dominance over women by assigning men to work under the supervision of women bosses—versus jointly with women partners (Study 2a) or under men bosses (Study 3)—led to increased sexual objectification of women among high-SDO participants. These results persisted when controlling for mood. Examining the corresponding effects among heterosexual women revealed that the correlation between SDO and the sexual objectification of men was non-significant (Study 1) and that working under men bosses did not affect women’s sexual objectification of men (Study 2b). These findings support feminist theorizing that men (re)assert their dominance over women by sexually objectifying them. Increased awareness of the motivations underlying women’s sexual objectification can help professionals plan useful interventions to reduce this phenomenon, hopefully limiting its negative effects on women’s well-being.
Economic analysis of land based farming of salmon

Abstract Land-based farming of salmon is emerging for a number of reasons. The demand for salmon is increasing in many parts of the world. In recent years there has been limited growth in production due to binding government regulations and environmental challenges in sea-based salmon aquaculture. This is true both for Norway (sea lice, salmon escapes) and Chile (sea lice, disease problems), the two largest producers of salmon. Growing demand and limited expansion in production have made for a very profitable industry. At the same time, there have been technological developments when it comes to land-based farming (a technology used for smolt production and species such as sole and turbot), and cost of production has changed. Currently, land-based salmon farming is in operation or in development in several countries including the USA, Denmark, and Norway. In this paper, the economics of land-based salmon farming in a Norwegian context is presented, with an emphasis on the relative competitiveness of this vis-à-vis sea-based farming. If successful, land-based farming could potentially have an important impact on the dynamics of the salmon market.
Existential Dynamics of Local Economic Development Partnerships in Namibia: The Case of Khomas Region

Local Economic Development (LED) in Namibia is an integral part of the broader national development agenda as encapsulated in numerous national policies and legislation. LED has been confronted with various partnership dynamics that have posed challenges among its stakeholders and actors. While remaining under-researched, this developmental challenge has generally remained prominent due to the complexities involved in the numerous interrelated processes, institutions and stakeholders that are expected to work together and achieve accelerated LED. In an effort to lend scope and understand of these dynamics, insights were drawn from existential elements of communication, cooperation and collaboration, social issues, creation of ownership and pride as well as welcoming attitudes from a single case study unit. Using the quantitative research design, this paper sought to delve into the partnership dynamics of LED in Namibia, by using the Khomas region as a case study. Stratified random sampling was used to identify the sample, which included beneficiaries of LED projects, the Khomas Regional Council and the City of Windhoek. Empirical results found that the social issues and welcoming attitudes in the Khomas Region were generally conducive for the advancement of LED, while communication, cooperation and collaboration; creation of ownership and pride served as deterring factors for LED. The study recommends that the Khomas Regional Council fosters communication, cooperation and collaboration among actors on challenges, opportunities and plans regarding LED. Additionally, it is expected of the regional council and municipality to organise prestigious awards and recognise outstanding volunteers, the best community betterment projects and/or businesses that are socially involved in the community, in order to create ownership and pride amongst actors. positive factors are: social issues, welcoming attitudes. The highlighted following negative factors and sub-factors: communication, cooperation and collaboration; creation of ownership and pride; supporting the SME and informal sector; and attraction of visitors.
Promoting Self-Care among Elderly Attending Zagazig Social Club through a Health Education Intervention

Background: Self-care for health promotion required that clients had the knowledge and competencies needed to maintain and enhance health. The aim of the study; was to increase old people's self care capabilities. Research design; quasi-experimental design was used. Setting; this study conducted at geriatric social clubs at Zagazig city. Sample; composed of 120 elderly (60 client for the study group and 60 for the control group). Tools; two tools were used in this study; first, an interview questionnaire to collect data about socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants and their knowledge about self care, the second tool was observational checklist for assessing their practice about certain items of self care. The study results; revealed statistically significant improvements of the study group knowledge and practice about self care and its elements, also hygienic practice and care of some prevalence health problems faced the elderly after health education intervention. No statistically significant relations detected between elderly knowledge and practice related to self care among the control and the study group and their age, sex, residence, and level of education.Conclusion; health education intervention increased elderly satisfactory level of knowledge and adequate practice related to self care. The study recommended; implement a follow up health education intervention about self care in all geriatric social clubs, and booklet containing information about elderly self care should be available in the elderly social club library.