Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Milk Yield and Composition and Pasture Ruminal Digestion in Grazing Dairy Cows Receiving Three Levels of Energy Concentrate Supplementation

The objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of feeding three levels (T3.5, T7.0 and T10.5) of energy concentrate (3.5, 7.0 and 10.5 kg cow-1 day-1) on total dry matter (DM) and energy intakes, milk yield and composition, nutritional value of milk and rumen pasture neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestion in grazing dairy cows. Twenty-one multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation (70.2 ± 13 days postpartum) producing 37.1 (±4.7) kg of milk were assigned to a 3 treatments (7 cows/treatment) × 3 periods Latin square design. Parameters of ruminal environment and pasture NDF degradation were obtained using 3 additional cows of the same breed fitted with rumen cannulae. On a wet basis, concentrate was composed by corn grain (68%), soybean meal (22%), wheat bran (8%) and a vitamin-mineral nucleus with monensin. Pasture (Medicago sativa, sp) was used in a rotational grazing system with an herbage allowance of 30 kg DM cow-1 d-1. Yield (kg cow-1 d-1) of fat corrected milk (4% FCM) resulted higher (p p p p p p p p
Seven complex lessons in education for the future

This publication examines seven fundamental educational problems which require appropriate responses from all societies and cultures. It is hoped that the text will inspire debate about the essentials of education, and will fuel further discussion on the need for education as a driving force in the future. The author calls for redesign and reform of educational policies and systems, corresponding to the need for international transformation and preparation for a sustainable future. The publication is structured such that the chapters represent each of the seven lessons: Detecting error and illusion; Principles of pertinent knowledge; Teaching the human condition; Earth identity; Confronting uncertainties; Understanding each other; Ethics for the human genre.
Partial replacement of fishmeal with meat and bone meal and tuna byproducts meal in practical diets for juvenile spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus

A 120 days feeding trial was conducted to evaluate diets in which fish meal (FM) was replaced with meat and bone meal (MBM) or tuna byproduct meal (TBM) on growth performance, apparent digestibility and hematological parameters of juvenile spotted rose snapper (SRS) L. guttatus. Three isonitrogenous compounds (47.6-49.0%) and isoenergetic (20.9-22.9 kJ g- 1 ) diets were formulated. A control diet contained FM as a main protein source (D-FM) and two diets with 35% of fish meal protein replaced by MBM or TBM protein (D-MBM, D-TBM). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 20 SRS juvenile (initial weight 8.2 ± 0.02 g) to apparent satiation three times a day. Growth performance, hematological parameters and apparent digestibility of SRS fed D-MBM or D-TBM diets were not significantly different from D-FM diet. However, the whole body crude protein was significantly higher in D-MBM group than D-TBM group, and the values were comparable to D-FM group. Based on these results, the meat and bone meal is an economical and viable option, as tuna byproduct meal in practical diets for juvenile spotted rose snapper.
Lexical case marking affects the processing of animacy in simple verbs, but not particle verbs: Evidence from event-related potentials

In case-marking languages like German, nonstandard nominative-dative verbs lead to enhanced processing costs. So far, it is unclear if these case-marking effects reflect the special syntax or semantics of nominative-dative verbs. We present the results of two ERP experiments aimed to disentangle semantic and syntactic contributions to lexical case-marking by manipulating object animacy and case-marking for two verb types: simple verbs (nonstandard syntax and semantics for nominative-dative verbs) and particle verbs (nonstandard semantics only). Simple nominative-dative verbs show effects of case-marking, and no animacy effects. Particle verbs show no effects of case-marking, and animacy effects for nominative-accusative and nominative-dative verbs. Our findings suggest that lexical case-marking effects reflect the special syntax, rather than semantics, of simple nominative-dative verbs.
RESTORATIVE QUALITIES OF FAVORITE PLACES

Theory and research dealing with place identity and restorative environments have for the most part proceeded independently. Assuming that emotional- and self-regulation are processes underlying the development of place identity, and that a person's favorite place is an exemplar of environments used in such regulation processes, the present study goes beyond preliminary observations about restorative aspects of favorite places to consider how individuals evaluate their favorite places using terms set out in restorative environments theory. Finnish university students (n=78) evaluated the central square of their city (Tampere) and favorite and unpleasant places of their own designation using the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS), an instrument based on attention restoration theory. Consistent with notions of self-regulation, PRS subscale scores for Being Away, Fascination, Coherence, and Compatibility were all high in the favorite place evaluations, but Coherence and Compatibility were reliably higher than Being Away, which was in turn reliably higher than Fascination. Also, PRS subscale scores for the favorite places were reliably higher than those for the central square, which were in turn higher than those for the unpleasant places. Furthermore, differences were also found in self-reported emotional states associated with each place. The discussion suggests ways to develop further mutually reinforcing relations between restorative environments research and research on place identity.
The Method of How to Collect Data of Cardiac Arrests Occurred during Marathon Races and Analysis Items

Objective: Increased number of runners in Japan has been one reason for increasing the risk of cardiac arrest during marathon races. The purpose of the study was to examine 1) the incidence of cardiac arrest during marathon races held in the past in Japan, 2) the characteristics of runners with cardiac arrest, 3) the effectiveness of public access defibrillation (PAD) use for cardiac arrest cases. Methods: We examined the incidence of the cardiac arrest during marathon races in Japan from the medical records of marathon races that Kokushikan University provided in the past five years. Also, we analyzed cardiac arrests occurred in Japan in the past 15 years between 1999 and 2013. Results: The incidence rate of cardiac arrest was 2.18 per 100,000 participants. As shown in Table 1, the incidence rates were 2.00 per 100,000 participants in full marathon and 2.50 per 100,000 participants in half-marathon. A total of 63 cardiac arrests occurred in the past 15 years, and the number of incidents has been increasing every year. Among 63 cardiac arrest cases, the mean age was 45.3 ± 14.9 years old and 93.7% (59/63 cases) were in males. Eighty-three percentage of cardiac arrest cases applied AED (20/24 cases) were the shockable rhythm. In terms of the survival rate, there was a statistically significant difference between the cases where both bystander CPR and PAD were delivered and the cases where the only bystander CPR took place without PAD (95.0% vs. 47.1%; p < 0.05). In Japan, the case of the PAD use during marathon races has been increasing since the use of AED was permitted for public citizens in 2004. Conclusions: Performing PAD on the scene during marathon races could be expected to be higher in the survival rate. Creating a medical support system is needed to handle sudden cardiac arrest rapidly in order to perform early bystander CPR and PAD. How to cite this paper: Shirakawa, T. , Tanaka, H. , Kinoshi, T. , Tanaka, S. and Takyu, H. (2017) Analysis of Sudden Cardiac Arrest during Marathon Races in Japan. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8, 472-480. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2017. 87044 Received: June 25, 2017 Accepted: July 25, 2017 Published: July 28, 2017 Copyright © 2017 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access
Examination of the terrestrial algae of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA.

Forest soils of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park were examined for soil algae as part of the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory underway in that park. Soils of both mature and secondary growth forests were sampled, along with samples from rocks and tree bark. A total of 42 taxa were observed, representing Cyanobacteria (3 species), Chlorophyceae (12 species), Trebouxiophyceae (18 species), Ulvophyceae (3 species), Klebsormidiophyceae (1 species), Zygnematophyceae (2 species), Tribophyta (3 species), Eustigmatophyta (1 species), Euglenophyta (1 species), and Dinophyta (1 species). Twenty new taxa records for the park were established.
Stochastic thermodynamics for “Maxwell demon” feedbacks

We propose a way to incorporate the effect of a specific class of feedback processes into stochastic thermodynamics. These “Maxwell demon” feedbacks do not affect the system energetics but only the energy barriers between the system states (in a way which depends on the system states). They are thus of a purely informational nature. We show that the resulting formalism can be applied to study the thermodynamic effect of a feedback process acting on electron transfers through a junction.
Analytical modelling for Newtonian fluid flow through an elastic tube

The objective of the present work is to develop analytical modelling of an unsteady fluid flow through an elastic tube. The fluid is considered to be Newtonian and incompressible. The cylindrical tube wall boundaries are isotropic. The study provides a review of recent modelling aimed at understanding the effects of fluid parameters over the elastic tube wall behaviour. First of all, the fluid flow is analysed following an asymptotic approach according to a large Reynolds number and a small aspect radio. Second of all, the wall has been assumed to be a thin shell, which generates a small axisymmetric vibration. The mathematical model is developed according the thin shell theory. The dynamic behaviour of the tube wall is represented and discussed.
A survey on knowledge , attitude and awareness of pharma covigilance among medical students in a teaching hospital , Puducherry 1

Introduction: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) represent major concern on the health care system which causes morbidity and mortality. Under reporting of ADR in India could be due to inadequacies in knowledge and awareness about Pharmacovigilance (PV) and ADR reporting among the health care providers. This study was aimed at suggesting possible ways for improving ADR reporting. Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire (24 questions) based study suitable for assessing the basic knowledge, attitude and awareness of Pharmacovigilance was designed and distributed among 415 undergraduate medical students (Final year part 1& 2) and Interns of Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and hospital, Puducherry. Data were analysed using Epi info software 7.0 and the values were expressed in descriptive stastistics. Observation and results: Among 81% of the respondents who were aware of the term Pharmacovigilance, only 53% had better knowledge regarding PV. 33% of the students were aware of various government ADR Centres in India. Common reasons observed in the study for failure in implementing PV in India were lack of awareness (42%) and lack of enough research on ADRs (23%). 80% of students felt that there is a need for intensive training about PV in the undergraduate curriculum. Conclusion: An alarmingly inadequate level of knowledge and awareness towards PV was observed in this study. Efforts are needed to develop a curriculum that incorporates all important aspects of PV in the undergraduate and internship training periods.
HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY OF EXTREMELY METAL-POOR STARS IN THE LEAST EVOLVED GALAXIES: BOÖTES II

We present high-resolution Magellan/MIKE spectra of the four brightest confirmed red giant stars in the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Boötes II (Boo II). These stars all inhabit the metal-poor tail of the Boo II metallicity distribution function. The chemical abundance pattern of all detectable elements in these stars is consistent with that of the Galactic halo. However, all four stars have undetectable amounts of neutron-capture elements Sr and Ba, with upper limits comparable to the lowest ever detected in the halo or in other dwarf galaxies. One star exhibits significant radial velocity variations over time, suggesting it to be in a binary system. Its variable velocity has likely increased past determinations of the Boo II velocity dispersion. Our four stars span a limited metallicity range, but their enhanced α-abundances and low neutron-capture abundances are consistent with the interpretation that Boo II has been enriched by very few generations of stars. The chemical abundance pattern in Boo II confirms the emerging trend that the faintest dwarf galaxies have neutron-capture abundances distinct from the halo, suggesting the dominant source of neutron-capture elements in halo stars may be different than in ultra-faint dwarfs.
Drought Assessment in a Changing Climate

Drought is a natural and recurrent feature of climate. It occurs in all climatic zones, even if its characteristics vary significantly from one region to another, and differs from aridity that is a permanent feature of climate restricted to low rainfall areas. Drought originates from a deficiency of precipitation (less than normal) over an extended period of time, usually a season or more (Wilhite & Glantz, 1985; Bordi & Sutera, 2007). However, since precipitation is related to the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, combined with the upward forcing of the air masses containing that water vapor, a reduction of either of these may favour the onset of drought conditions. Thus, the phenomenon can be triggered by an above average prevalence of high-pressure systems, by winds carrying continental rather than oceanic air masses, or by high temperatures that enhance evaporation. Moreover, drought is a creeping phenomenon that slowly sneaks up and impacts many sectors of the economy, the environment, and operates on many different time scales (Wilhite et al., 2007). For example, soil moisture conditions respond to precipitation deficits occurring on a relatively short time scale, whereas groundwater, streamflow, and reservoir storage respond to precipitation deficits arising over many months. As a result, drought cannot be viewed solely as a physical phenomenon but it should be considered in relation to its impacts on society. The American Meteorological Society (1997) grouped drought definitions and types into four categories: meteorological, agricultural, hydrological and socioeconomic (Heim, 2002). Based on all these definitions that nowadays are commonly accepted by the scientific community, three main issues emerge to be important for a comprehensive drought assessment: 1) Development of a drought index able to objectively assess drought conditions of regions characterized by different hydrological regimes and to evaluate the different kinds of droughts, 2) Perform a drought risk analysis in order to prevent the negative impacts of droughts, and 3) Understanding the link between climate variability and drought occurrence in relation to a changing climate. The first point has been addressed first by McKee et al. (1993) by developing the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), which is a drought index based only on monthly precipitation. The idea was to quantify the precipitation deficit for multiple time scales that reflect the impacts of drought on the availability of the different water resources. Since the index is standardized through an equal-probability transformation (see next section and Bordi & Sutera, 2004 for details), dry and wet conditions can be monitored in the same way as well as a comparison between locations with different climates is possible. For these reasons the SPI is widely applied for drought monitoring purposes, and in 2009 it has been recommended for characterizing meteorological drought around the world (see Lincon declaration on drought indices, Hayes
Concentrations of Imidacloprid and Olefin-Imidacloprid Metabolite in the Walnut Husk Maggot (Diptera:Tephritidae)

Summary Several species of insects diminish the value of black walnut, which is considered a valuable economic and environmental tree species. Because imidacloprid has been used successfully against pests of other host plants, we investigated how it would impact larvae of the walnut husk maggot, Rhagoletis suavis (Loew), on black walnuts. Thus, the objective of this project was to document the concentration levels of imidacloprid and olefin-imidacloprid, an insecticidal metabolite of imidacloprid, within the walnut husk maggot larvae dwelling within the nut husk of fly-infested mature black walnut trees. CoreTect, a pellet formulation of imidacloprid, was applied to the soil surrounding mature black walnut trees in spring of 2011. Concentrations of both imidacloprid and olefin-imidacloprid were assessed in walnut husk maggot tissue using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Both imidacloprid and olefin-imidacloprid were detected in walnut husk maggot larvae from both the lower (11.72 ppb) and upper (9.25 ppb) strata. Olefin-imidacloprid concentrations in larvae were significantly lower in the lower stratum compared with the upper stratum, while the opposite was true when assessing concentration levels of imidacloprid. Olefin-imidacloprid concentrations were significantly lower than imidacloprid concentrations within each stratum. Populations of walnut husk maggot were significantly lower in treated trees compared to control trees indicating that imidacloprid, applied as a soil pellet, reduced populations of the walnut husk maggot.
Deep Convolutional Level Set Method for Image Segmentation

Level Set Method is a popular method for image segmentation. One of the problems in Level Set Method is finding the right initial surface parameter, which implicitly affects the curve evolution and ultimately the segmentation result. By setting the initial curve too far away from the target object, Level Set Method could potentially miss the target altogether, whereas by setting the initial curve as general as possible – i.e. capturing the whole image – makes Level Set Method susceptible to noise. Recently, deep-learning methods, especially Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), have been proven to achieve state-of-the-art performance in many computer vision tasks such as image classification and detection. In this paper, a new method is proposed, called Deep Convolutional Level Set Method (DCLSM). The idea is to use the CNN object detector as a prior for Level Set Method segmentation. Using DCLSM it is possible to significantly improve the segmentation accuracy and precision of the classic Level Set Method. It was also found that the prior used in the proposed method is the lower and upper bound for DCLSM’s precision and recall, respectively.
THE IMPACT OF PETROLEUM PRICES ON VEGETABLE OILS PRICES: EVIDENCE FROM COINTEGRATION TESTS

This paper investigate the long-term relationship between the petroleum and vegetable oils prices represented by palm, soybean, sunflower and rapeseed oils prices. To that end, the bivariate cointegration approach using Engle-Granger two-stage estimation procedure is applied. The study utilises monthly data over the period of January 1983 through March 2008. The results provide a strong evidence of long-run equilibrium relation between the two products prices. The estimates of the error correction models reveal a unidirectional long-run causality flowing from petroleum to each of the vegetable oils prices under study.
Variations on a classical theme: On the formal relationship between magnitudes per square arcsecond and luminance

The formal link between magnitudes per square arcsecond and luminance is discussed in this paper. Directly related to the human visual system, luminance is defined in terms of the spectral radiance of the source, weighted by the CIE V($\lambda$) luminous efficiency function, and scaled by the 683 lm/W luminous efficacy constant. In consequence, any exact and spectrum-independent relationship between luminance and magnitudes per square arcsecond requires that the latter be measured precisely in the CIE V($\lambda$) band. The luminance value corresponding to m_VC=0 (zero-point of the CIE V($\lambda$) magnitude scale) depends on the reference source chosen for the definition of the magnitude system. Using absolute AB magnitudes, the zero-point luminance of the CIE V($\lambda$) photometric band is 10.96 x 10^4 cd/m^2.
Nocturnal nitrogen oxides at a rural mountain-site in south-western Germany

Abstract. A new, two-channel instrument for simultaneous NO3 and N2O5 monitoring was used to make the first comprehensive set of nocturnal NOx measurements (NO, NO2, NO3 and N2O5) at the Taunus Observatory, a rural mountain site (Kleiner Feldberg) in South-western Germany. In May 2008, NO3 and N2O5 mixing ratios were well above the instrumental detection limit (a few ppt) on all nights of the campaign and were characterised by large variability. The concentrations of NO3, N2O5 and NO2 were consistent with the equilibrium constant, K2, defining the rates of formation and thermal dissociation of N2O5. A steady-state lifetime analysis is consistent with the loss of nocturnal NOx being dominated by the reaction of NO3 with volatile organic compounds in this forested region, with N2O5 uptake to aerosols of secondary importance. Analysis of a limited dataset obtained at high relative humidity indicated that the loss of N2O5 by reaction with water vapour is less efficient (>factor 3) than derived using laboratory kinetic data. The fraction of NOx present as NO3 and N2O5 reached ~20% on some nights, with night-time losses of NOx competing with daytime losses.
Triggering active galactic nuclei in galaxy clusters

We model the triggering of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in galaxy clusters using the semi-analytic galaxy formation model SAGE. We prescribe triggering methods based on the ram pressure galaxies experience as they move throughout the intracluster medium, which is hypothesized to trigger star formation and AGN activity. The clustercentric radius and velocity distribution of the simulated active galaxies produced by these models are compared with those of AGN and galaxies with intense star formation from a sample of low-redshift relaxed clusters from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The ram pressure triggering model that best explains the clustercentric radius and velocity distribution of these observed galaxies has AGN and star formation triggered if 2.5 × 10 −14 Pa P ram −13 Pa and P ram > 2 P internal ; this is consistent with expectations from hydrodynamical simulations of ram-pressure-induced star formation. Our results show that ram pressure is likely to be an important mechanism for triggering star formation and AGN activity in clusters.