Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chronic Alcohol Exposure is Associated with Decreased Neurogenesis, Aberrant Integration of Newborn Neurons, and Cognitive Dysfunction in Female Mice.

BACKGROUND Neurological deficits of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have been attributed to dysfunctions of specific brain structures. Studies of alcoholic patients and chronic alcohol exposure animal models consistently identify reduced hippocampal mass and cogntive dysfunctions as a key alcohol-induced brain adaptation. However, the precise substrate of chronic alcohol exposure that leads to structural and functional impairments of the hippocampus is largely unknown. METHODS Using a calorie-matched alcohol feeding method, we tested whether chronic alcohol exposure targets neural stem cells and neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. The effect of alcohol on proliferation of neural stem cells as well as cell fate determination and survival of newborn cells was evaluated via bromodeoxyuridine pulse and chase methods. A retrovirus-mediated single-cell labeling method was used to determine the effect of alcohol on the morphological development and circuitry incorporation of individual hippocampal newborn neurons. Finally, novel object recognition (NOR) and Y-maze tests were performed to examine whether disrupted neurogenesis is associated with hippocampus-dependent functional deficits in alcohol-fed mice. RESULTS Chronic alcohol exposure reduced proliferation of neural stem cells and survival rate of newborn neurons; however, the fate determination of newborn cells remained unaltered. Moreover, the dendritic spine density of newborn neurons significantly decreased in alcohol-fed mice. Impaired spine formation indicates that alcohol interfered the synaptic connectivity of newborn neurons with excitatory neurons originating from various areas of the brain. In the NOR test, alcohol-fed mice displayed deficits in the ability to discriminate the novel object. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that chronic alcohol exposure disrupted multiple steps of neurogenesis, including the production and development of newborn neurons. In addition, chronic alcohol exposure altered connectivity of newborn neurons with other input neurons. Decreased neurogenesis and aberrant integration of newborn neurons into hippocampal networks are closely associated with deficits in hippocampus-dependent cognitive functions of alcohol-fed mice.
Geographic and habitat partitioning of genetically distinct zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium) in Acropora corals on the Great Barrier Reef

Intra‐ and intercolony diversity and distribution of zooxanthellae in acroporid corals is largely uncharted. In this study, two molecular methods were applied to determine the distribution of zooxanthellae in the branching corals Acropora tenuis and A. valida at several reef locations in the central section of the Great Barrier Reef. Sun‐exposed and shaded parts of all colonies were examined. Single‐stranded conformational polymorphism analysis showed that individual colonies of A. tenuis at two locations harbour two strains of Symbiodinium belonging to clade C (C1 and C2), whereas conspecific colonies at two other reefs harboured a single zooxanthella strain. A. valida was found to simultaneously harbour strains belonging to two distinct phylogenetic clades (C and D) at all locations sampled. A novel method with improved sensitivity (quantitative polymerase chain reaction using Taqman™ fluorogenic probes) was used to map the relative abundance distribution of the two zooxanthella clades. At two of the five sampling locations both coral species were collected. At these two locations, composition of the zooxanthella communities showed the same pattern in both coral species, i.e. correlation with ambient light in Pioneer Bay and an absence thereof in Nelly Bay. The results show that the distribution of genetically distinct zooxanthellae is correlated with light regime and possibly temperature in some (but not all) colonies of A. tenuis and A. valida and at some reef locations, which we interpret as acclimation to local environmental conditions.
Interpreting Premenstrual Symptoms Impact Survey scores using outcomes in health-related quality of life and sexual drive impact.

OBJECTIVE To link the Premenstrual Symptoms Impact Survey (PMSIS) scores to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and sexual drive impact associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). STUDY DESIGN Secondary data analysis was performed using the online survey study for PMSIS development. Women were sorted into 10 mutually exclusive score levels (N = 949). Their responses to the SF-12v2 Health Survey and the sexual drive question were dichotomized to indicate the presence of limitations/impairment. Chi-square analysis was conducted to compare the differences in percentages of women with limitations across 3 representative PMSIS score levels containing (1) women with no indication of PMS, (2) women at risk for PMS but not PMDD, and (3) women at risk for PMDD. RESULTS The higher the PMSIS score level (more severe impact), the greater the percentage of women reported functional limitations. Women either at risk for PMS or PMDD were significantly more likely to report limitations than women with no indication of PMS in all HRQOL areas except for 2 Physical Functioning items and 1 Mental Health item and the General Health item. Significantly more women with PMS (67.5%) and with PMDD (73.3%) reported sexual drive impact than in women with no PMS (45.7%). CONCLUSION The associations between PMSIS score levels and the premenstrual symptoms' impact on HRQOL and sexual functioning assist the interpretation of PMSIS scores and use of the tool in reproductive-age women.
Interstitial Metamorphoses: Informal Urbanism and the Tourist Gaze

Marina Warner has argued that it is in the interstices between inconsistent cultures and ideas that creativity and new paradigms—metamorphoses—arise. In cities of the developing world, the most prominent instances of interstitial spaces and practices relate to questions of urban informality. In one sense, informal settlements insert themselves in the cracks and gaps of the formal city; in another sense, there are the frictions where informal space rubs against the formal, with interstitial practices arising in the cracks and gaps that such confrontations produce; informal economies emerge, spaces and practices are intertwined and intersecting. In yet a further sense, informal practices can invade even the most emblematic spaces of state and formal economy. So, a question: where might one seek signs of metamorphosis—new forms of creativity, new ways of thinking, transformation to a different social condition—in these various forms of informal/formal intersections and interstices? We explore this question with regard to public spaces and political events in Bangkok. The argument of this paper is that a new and potentially transformational level of invasion comes with the searing gaze of global media and tourist intrusion.
Polarization-Reconfigurable Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna for 5G Wi-Fi

A novel polarization-reconfigurable aperture-coupled magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna is presented. By electronically controlling the state of switches between square patches and an additional strip of the ME dipole, the antenna is capable of switching the polarization among one linearly polarized (LP) and two orthogonal circularly polarized states. A fully functional prototype is developed and tested, demonstrating the antenna with an overlapped bandwidth of 16% from 5.07 to 5.95 GHz for both <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$</tex-math> </inline-formula><sub>11</sub> ≤ –10 dB and axial ratio (AR) ≤ 3 dB. A measured gain of approximately 8.2 dBi and a radiation efficiency of approximately 85% over the overlapped band are obtained for all polarization states. Moreover, due to advantages of the ME dipole, the proposed design is able to realize stable radiation patterns with both cross-polarization and back-radiation levels lower than –13 dB. With all these features, the proposed design is very attractive for 5G Wi-Fi applications.
Repeat elective caesarean: decision-making for women with a previous caesarean section

4 Résumé scientifique . 5 Acknowledgements . 7 Preface and Contributions . 9 0.0 Family Medicine Context . 10 1.0 Introduction . 10 2.0 Literature Review . 12 2.1 Purpose . 12 2.2 Search Strategy . 12 2.3 Caesarean Section . 13 2.4 Vaginal Birth after Caesarean Section . 14 2.5 Trial of Labour . 15 2.6 The Safety of Repeat Caesarean versus Vaginal Birth after Caesarean . 17 2.7 Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Canada Guidelines . 19 2.8 Sources of Information about Birth Options . 20 2.9 Numeracy and Decision-making . 21 2.10 Decision-aids . 22 2.11 Role of the Physician in Decision-making . 23 2.12 Role of the Woman in Decision-making . 25 2.12 . 1 Women’s reasons for caesarean section . 26 2.13 Summary . 27 2.14 Conclusion . 28 3.0 Methods . 29 3.1 Objectives and Study Design . 29 3.2 Study Population . 29 3.3 Sampling and Recruitment . 29 3.4 Measurement . 32 3.4.1 Instruments . 32 3.4.2 Potential predictors and confounders . 37 3.5 Data Analysis . 37 3.6 Power Calculation . 39 3.7 Ethical Considerations . 39 4.0 Results . 41 4.1 Study Population . 41 4.2 Comparison of Study Participants, Refusals, and Participants not Contacted . 42 4.3 Results Regarding the Delivery Decision . 45 4.3.1 The decision for a second caesarean section . 45 4.3.2 Reasons for repeat caesarean section . 46 4.3.3 Sources of information . 52 5.0 Discussion . 58 5.1 Most Significant Research Findings and Comparison with the Existing Literature . 58
Does Age Group Identification Differentially Influence Younger and Older Adults' Intergenerational Perceptions?

People's knowledge that they will change age groups over time likely makes relations between age groups function differently from relations between racial or gender groups. We tested this possibility by examining whether people's identification with their current age group influenced their responses to threats to the status of their current age group. We found that age group identification was a good predictor of responses to status threat, particularly among young adults. Specifically, young adults who were strongly identified with their age group showed patterns of bias typically found in strongly identified members of other groups, whereas older adults did not. These results provide further evidence that age groups function differently from other group memberships and that models of intergroup conflict need to be tested in groups for whom memberships change over time.
Photoreceptor topography of the retina in the adult pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina)

In spite of the crucial role retinal photoreceptors play in mapping optical images into a pattern of neural excitation, there are no complete studies of photoreceptor topography in any primate retina. We have measured the spatial density and inner segment areas of cones and rods across the whole mounted retinas of three adult pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) and constructed maps of photoreceptor density and inner segment diameter.
Landscape distribution of food and nesting sites affect larval diet and nest size, but not abundance of Osmia bicornis

Habitat fragmentation is a major threat for beneficial organisms and the ecosystem services they provide. Multiple‐habitat users such as wild bees depend on both nesting and foraging habitat. Thus, they may be affected by the fragmentation of at least two habitat types. We investigated the effects of landscape‐scale amount of and patch isolation from both nesting habitat (woody plants) and foraging habitat (specific pollen sources) on the abundance and diet of Osmia bicornis L. Trap‐nests of O. bicornis were studied in 30 agricultural landscapes of the Swiss Plateau. Nesting and foraging habitats were mapped in a radius of 500 m around the sites. Pollen composition of larval diet changed as isolation to the main pollen source, Ranunculus, increased, suggesting that O. bicornis adapted its foraging strategy in function of the nest proximity to main pollen sources. Abundance of O. bicornis was neither related to isolation or amount of nesting habitat nor to isolation or abundance of food plants. Surprisingly, nests of O. bicornis contained fewer larvae in sites at forest edge compared to isolated sites, possibly due to higher parasitism risk. This study indicates that O. bicornis can nest in a variety of situations by compensating scarcity of its main larval food by exploiting alternative food sources.
Flexible endoscopic management of Zenker diverticulum: the Mayo Clinic experience.

OBJECTIVE To describe the outcome of patients undergoing flexible endoscopic therapy for symptomatic Zenker diverticulum. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the outcome of 22 consecutive patients who underwent flexible endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy using needle-knife electrocautery performed by a single endoscopist from March 2006 through January 2010. RESULTS Of the 22 patients with symptomatic Zenker diverticulum, 13 were men and 9 were women (median age, 84.5 years). Moderate sedation was used in all but 3 (14%) of the patients. Postprocedural free air occurred in 6 patients (27%) and resolved uneventfully in all. Another patient developed a neck abscess 1 week after endoscopic treatment, which was surgically drained. All procedures were performed on an outpatient basis, although 8 patients (36%) required subsequent hospitalization. The mean (SD) length of stay in the hospital was 2.9 (1.64) days. All patients had initial symptomatic improvement, and 18 (82%) maintained improvement at a mean (SD) follow-up of 12.7 (9.2) months. CONCLUSION Flexible endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy is an effective treatment of symptomatic Zenker diverticulum, with low recurrence rates and with the benefit of no general anesthesia and hospitalization in most cases. Esophageal perforation is the most common procedural complication.
Analysis of feature detector and descriptor combinations with a localization experiment for various performance metrics

The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed performance comparison of feature detector/descriptor methods, particularly when their various combinations are used for image-matching. The localization experiments of a mobile robot in an indoor environment are presented as a case study. In these experiments, 3090 query images and 127 dataset images were used. This study includes five methods for feature detectors (features from accelerated segment test (FAST), oriented FAST and rotated binary robust independent elementary features (BRIEF) (ORB), speeded-up robust features (SURF), scale invariant feature transform (SIFT), and binary robust invariant scalable keypoints (BRISK)) and five other methods for feature descriptors (BRIEF, BRISK, SIFT, SURF, and ORB). These methods were used in 23 different combinations and it was possible to obtain meaningful and consistent comparison results using the performance criteria defined in this study. All of these methods were used independently and separately from each other as either feature detector or descriptor. The performance analysis shows the discriminative power of various combinations of detector and descriptor methods. The analysis is completed using five parameters: (i) accuracy, (ii) time, (iii) angle difference between keypoints, (iv) number of correct matches, and (v) distance between correctly matched keypoints. In a range of ${60^{\circ}}$, covering five rotational pose points for our system, the FAST-SURF combination had the lowest distance and angle difference values and the highest number of matched keypoints. SIFT-SURF was the most accurate combination with a 98.41% correct classification rate. The fastest algorithm was ORB-BRIEF, with a total running time of 21,303.30 s to match 560 images captured during motion with 127 dataset images.
Association of creatinine clearance and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes: the GREECS study.

BACKGROUND The relationship between renal dysfunction and mortality in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) has been extensively investigated, but there are limited data about this relationship in patients presenting with non-ST-segment-elevation MI and unstable angina. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether renal insufficiency is an independent predictor for in-hospital mortality among such patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Two thousand a hundred and seventy-two patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in 6 Greek hospitals were enrolled. Creatinine clearance rates were estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula. Five percentage of patients presented with severe renal dysfunction, 27% with moderate dysfunction and the other 68% were normal. Patients with moderate or severe renal dysfunction were older, more likely to be women and more likely to have history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus compared with those with normal renal function. In comparison with patients with normal renal function, those with moderate and severe renal dysfunction were respectively 3- and 12-fold more likely to die. Moreover, moderate and severe renal insufficiency continued to be a prognostic factor for mortality, even after controlling for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Creatinine clearance rate is an important independent predictor of in-hospital mortality, so patients with ACS complicated by renal dysfunction should receive more aggressive medical care.
Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Developing Countries

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have increased the mortality rate both in developing as well as developed countries, however a lower trend in death rates have been seen in developed and high income countries like USA, UK, Australia, Japan and other European countries due to improved life style, better strategic implementation, control of disease both in young and adults and especially reduced smoking habits. In developing countries CVD become an alarming situation due to prevalence of disease in early age that later on become chronic and difficult to control. Various risk factors that can contribute toward CVD in developing countries include smoking, high alcohol and salt intake, dietary factors, diabetes, high blood pressure and psychosocial aspects such as stress, anxiety and depression. Various other factors such as family history and the gender difference also contributing towards the high risk of developing CVD. Rehan et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, July 2016, 5(8): 69-72 http://www.icpjonline. com/documents/Vol5Issue8/02.pdf
Health care among adults with self-reported diabetes mellitus in Brazil, National Health Survey, 2013.

OBJECTIVE To describe the care measurements provided to patients with self-reported diabetes mellitus in Brazil. METHODS Data from the Brazilian National Health Survey (2013) were used. This is a cross-sectional population-based study in which the subjects with self-reported diabetes mellitus answered questions concerning their use of health services and access to medicine. RESULTS The prevalence of self-reported diabetes mellitus was 6.2%, while 11.5% of the population had never undergone a glucose testing. From the adults with diabetes mellitus, 80.2% had taken medications two weeks before the interview, 57.4% used the Popular Pharmacy Program, 73.2% received medical care, and 47.1% were cared for in the Health Basic Units. In 65.2%, the physician who cared for them in the last appointment was the same from previous ones, 95.3% of the patients were able to perform the required complementary examinations, and 83.3% could go to the appointments with a specialist. About 35.6 and 29.1% of the subjects with diabetes mellitus reported feet and eyes examination, respectively. About 13.4% declared previous hospitalization owing to diabetes or any complications, and 7.0% mentioned limitations in their daily activities owing to the disease. In general, women and the elderly people, those with higher education levels, white, and those living in the south and southeastern regions showed a higher prevalence of the disease and greater access to services, medicine, and appointments. DISCUSSION The care reported by patients with diabetes, which is essential to maintain their quality of life and prevent serious outcomes, seemed, in most cases, to be adequate.
Applying theory to practice in undergraduate education using high fidelity simulation

High-fidelity patient simulation allows students to apply their theoretical knowledge of pharmacology and physiology to practice. The purpose of this study was to determine if experiential education using high-fidelity simulation improves undergraduate performance scores on simulation-based and written examinations. After receiving research ethics board approval, students completed a consent form and then answered a ten question multiple-choice quiz to identify their knowledge regarding the management of cardiac arrhythmias. Four simulation scenarios were presented and students worked through each scenario as a team. Faculty facilitated the sessions and feedback was given using students’ videotaped performances as a template for discussion. Performance evaluation scores using predetermined checklists and global rating scales were completed. Students then reviewed the American Heart Association guidelines for the management of unstable cardiac arrhythmias. The afternoon session involved repetition of the four case scenarios with the same teams involved but different team leaders. Students then repeated the quiz they received in the morning. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyse results. Two hundred and ninety-nine students completed the study. There was a statistically significant improvement in performance on the pharmacology written test. Simulation team performance also statistically improved and a good correlation between checklist and global rating scores were demonstrated in all but one scenario. Student evaluation of the experience was extremely positive. High-fidelity simulation can be used to allow students to apply theoretical knowledge to practice in a safe and realistic environment. Results of this study indicate that simulation is a valuable learning experience and bridges the gap between theory and practice. Simulation technology has the potential to provide an enriching venue to examine the role of communication and dynamics of novice learners in team environments.
Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling in Cameroon: Women’s Uncertainties Over the Reliability of the Method Are Barriers to Acceptance

Objective The study aimed to assess acceptability and preference for self-collected human papillomavirus tests (self-HPV) compared with traditional physician-sampled Pap tests (physician sampling) in a low-resource country. Materials and Methods Women were recruited through a cervical cancer screening campaign conducted in Cameroon. Written and oral instructions were given to carry out an unsupervised self-HPV, followed by a physician-collected cervical sample for HPV testing and cytology. Subsequently the women were asked to answer a questionnaire. Results A total of 243 women were prospectively enrolled in this study. Median age of participants was 39 years (range = 25–65 years). Acceptability score was higher for self-HPV (p < .001) compared with physician sampling. Preference was lower for self-HPV than physician sampling (29% vs 62%; p < .001). Most participants thought that physician sampling was more reliable than self-HPV (59% vs 1%; p < .001). Women who preferred physician sampling were significantly more likely to have low knowledge about cervical cancer and a low educational level. Conclusions Although most of the women were more comfortable and less embarrassed with the self-HPV, they did not trust the method and did prefer physician sampling. The study underlines the need not only to educate women about HPV, cervical cancer, and its prevention but also to reassure them about the accuracy of self-HPV.