Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Look at the Relationship between User Involvement in Systems Development and System Success

The relationship of user involvement to successful systems development has been the focus of much attention for information systems researchers for some time. Common understanding has been that extensive user involvement is not only important, but absolutely essential to system success. However, earlier studies trying to link user involvement to system success have shown mixed results. In this paper we review 28 empirical research studies that investigate the significance of user involvement. From our results we conclude that user involvement in the systems development process is indeed important to system success. We further identify several key points pertinent to making user involvement effective.
Effect of Dietary α-Linolenic Fatty Acid Derived from Chia when Fed as Ground Seed, Whole Seed and Oil on Lipid Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Rat Plasma

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of death in the Western world. In both the USA and the EU it accounts for over 600,000 deaths yearly. Early data showing the benefits n–3 fatty acids provide in preventing CHD disease were obtained using 20:5n–3 and 22:6n–3 fatty acids derived from fish. Recently, however, it has been shown that reduced risks of CHD and other cardiovascular diseases are found with 18:3n–3 fatty acid as well. To determine if 18:3n–3 fatty acids positively influence plasma composition, 32 male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum four isocaloric diets with the energy derived from corn oil (T1), whole chia seed (T2), ground chia seed (T3), or chia oil (T4) for 30 days. At the end of the feeding period the rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were analyzed to determine serum CHOL, HDL, LDL, TG content, hemogram, and fatty acid composition. Chia decreased serum TG content and increased HDL content. Only with the T2 diet was TG significantly (p < 0.05) lower, and only with the T3 diet was HDL significantly (p < 0.05) higher, than the control diet. Chia significantly (p < 0.05) increased the 18:3n–3, 20:5n–3 and 22:6n–3 plasma contents compared to the control diet, with no significant (p < 0.05) difference among chia diets detected. Significant (p < 0.05) improvement in n–6/n–3 fatty acid ratio was observed for all chia diets when compared to the control.
Data Vocalization: Optimizing Voice Output of Relational Data

Research on data visualization aims at finding the best way to present data via visual interfaces. We introduce the complementary problem of "data vocalization". Our goal is to present relational data in the most efficient way via voice output. This problem setting is motivated by emerging tools and devices (e.g., Google Home, Amazon Echo, Apple's Siri, or voice-based SQL interfaces) that communicate data primarily via audio output to their users. We treat voice output generation as an optimization problem. The goal is to minimize speaking time while transmitting an approximation of a relational table to the user. We consider constraints on the precision of the transmitted data as well as on the cognitive load placed on the listener. We formalize voice output optimization and show that it is NP-hard. We present three approaches to solve that problem. First, we show how the problem can be translated into an integer linear program which enables us to apply corresponding solvers. Second, we present a two-phase approach that forms groups of similar rows in a pre-processing step, using a variant of the apriori algorithm. Then, we select an optimal combination of groups to generate a speech. Finally, we present a greedy algorithm that runs in polynomial time. Under simplifying assumptions, we prove that it generates near-optimal output by leveraging the sub-modularity property of our cost function. We compare our algorithms experimentally and analyze their complexity.
Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 p12I Enhances Interleukin-2 Production during T-Cell Activation

ABSTRACT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders. The early virus-cell interactions that determine a productive infection remain unclear. However, it is well recognized that T-cell activation is required for effective retroviral integration into the host cell genome and subsequent viral replication. The HTLV-1 pX open reading frame I encoding protein, p12I, is critical for the virus to establish persistent infection in vivo and for infection in quiescent primary lymphocytes in vitro. p12I localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cis-Golgi apparatus, increases intracellular calcium and activates nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-mediated transcription. To clarify the function of p12I, we tested the production of IL-2 from Jurkat T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) expressing p12I. Lentiviral vector expressed p12I in Jurkat T cells enhanced interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in a calcium pathway-dependent manner during T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Expression of p12I also induced higher NFAT-mediated reporter gene activities during TCR stimulation in Jurkat T cells. In contrast, p12 expression in PBMC elicited increased IL-2 production in the presence of phorbal ester stimulation, but not during TCR stimulation. Finally, the requirement of ER localization for p12I-mediated NFAT activation was demonstrated and two positive regions and two negative regions in p12I were identified for the activation of this transcription factor by using p12I truncation mutants. These results are the first to indicate that HTLV-1, an etiologic agent associated with lymphoproliferative diseases, uses a conserved accessory protein to induce T-cell activation, an antecedent to efficient viral infection.
Medical students' attitudes to psychiatry at the end of the clinical curriculum

Synopsis The significantly favourable changes in medical students' general attitude to psychiatry and intention to specialize in the subject, which we found after an 8-week psychiatric clerkship, were maintained one year later, at the time of the students' M.B. , B.S. examinations. However, of 18 specific attitudes to psychiatry, only one changed significantly overall – fewer students agreed that ‘psychiatrists are held in poor regard by most other doctors’. Contrary to other reports, these preliminary findings suggest that a psychiatric clerkship may be followed by stable attitudes and intent towards the specialty.
Buprenorphine treatment outcomes among opioid-dependent cocaine users and non-users.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES National treatment guidelines state that polysubstance users, including cocaine users, may not be appropriate candidates for office-based buprenorphine treatment. However, data to support this recommendation are sparse and conflicting, and the implications of this recommendation may include limiting the usefulness of buprenorphine treatment, as cocaine use is common among opioid-dependent individuals seeking buprenorphine treatment. We compared buprenorphine treatment outcomes (6-month treatment retention and self-reported opioid use over 6 months) in opioid-dependent cocaine users versus non-users who initiated buprenorphine treatment at an urban community health center. METHODS We followed 87 participants over 6 months, collecting interview and medical record data. We used logistic regression models to test whether baseline cocaine use was associated with treatment retention and mixed effects nonlinear models to test whether baseline cocaine use was associated with self-reported opioid use. RESULTS At baseline, 39.1% reported cocaine use. In all participants, self-reported opioid use decreased from 89.7% to 27.4% over 6 months, and 6-month treatment retention was 54.5%. We found no significant difference in 6-month treatment retention (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: .58-4.17, p = .38) or self-reported opioid use (AOR = .89, 95% CI: .26-3.07, p = .85) between cocaine users and non-users. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates that buprenorphine treatment retention is not worse in cocaine users than non-users, with clinically meaningful improvements in self-reported opioid use. These findings suggest that opioid-dependent cocaine users attain considerable benefits from office-based buprenorphine treatment and argue for the inclusion of these patients in office-based buprenorphine treatment programs.
Relationships of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression to Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Objectives: The present study evaluated the prognostic implications of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2 in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Our subjects were 91 patients who underwent surgery and subsequently received fluoropyrimidines. Expressions of IGF-1R, EGFR and HER-2 in primary lesions were analyzed immunohistochemically to determine the prognostic significance of these biomarkers. Results: Overexpression was found for IGF-1R in 48 tumors (53%), EGFR in 57 (63%) and HER-2 in 2 (2%). Overexpression of IGF-1R was significantly correlated with shorter survival from the start of first-line chemotherapy (p = 0.033). Overexpression of EGFR was a significant predictor of clinical response to fluoropyrimidines (p = 0.032). Multivariate analysis of potential prognostic factors showed that IGF-1R expression and worsened performance status were independent predictors of poor outcomes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that anti-IGF-1R strategies may offer a useful approach in molecular therapy for CRC, which has the potential to improve outcomes.
Relationships among measurements obtained by use of computed tomography and radiography and scores of cartilage microdamage in hip joints with moderate to severe joint laxity of adult dogs.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate correlations among measurements on radiographic and computed tomography (CT) images with articular cartilage microdamage in lax hip joints of dogs. ANIMALS 12 adult mixed-breed hounds. PROCEDURES Pelvic CT and radiography were performed. Hip joints were harvested following euthanasia. Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) and PennHIP radiograph reports were obtained. Norberg angle (NA) and radiographic percentage femoral head coverage (RPC) were determined. Center-edge angle (CEA), horizontal toit externe angle (HTEA), ventral acetabular sector angle (VASA), dorsal acetabular sector angle (DASA), horizontal acetabular sector angle (HASA), acetabular index (AI), and CT percentage femoral head coverage (CPC) were measured on 2-dimensional CT images. Femoral head-acetabular shelf percentage was measured on sagittal 3-dimensional CT (SCT) and transverse 3-dimensional CT (TCT) images. Light microscopy was used to score joint cartilage. Relationships of OFA confirmation and PennHIP osteoarthritis scores with radiography, CT, and cartilage variables and relationships of cartilage scores with radiography and CT measurements were evaluated with Spearman rank correlations. Pearson correlation was used for relationships of distraction index (DI) with radiography, CT, and cartilage variables. RESULTS Significant relationships included PennHIP osteoarthritis score with cartilage score, CEA, HTEA, DASA, AI, CPC, and TCT; OFA confirmation score with cartilage score, NA, RPC, CEA, HTEA, DASA, AI, CPC, and TCT; cartilage score with NA, RPC, CEA, HTEA, DASA, HASA, AI, and TCT; and DI with cartilage score, CEA, HTEA, DASA, HASA, AI, and CPC. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CT appeared to be a valuable imaging modality for predicting cartilage microdamage in canine hip joints.
Expression and regulation of collagenase‐2 (MMP‐8) in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

MMP‐8 (collagenase‐2) is the most effective collagenase to initiate type I collagen degradation. Since initiation of lysis of the surrounding collagen matrix is an essential prerequisite for carcinoma cells to spread, this study investigated the expression of MMP‐8 in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck in vivo and in vitro. Most of the recently established head and neck carcinoma cell lines (22/25), corresponding tumour (5/7) and dermal (2/2) fibroblasts, commercial tongue carcinoma (HSC‐3 and SCC‐25), and transformed keratinocyte cell lines of the tongue (IHGK) and skin (HaCaT) expressed MMP‐8 mRNA analysed by the PCR method. Western blotting revealed a latent 50 kD band in concentrated culture media of carcinoma cells and corresponding tumour and dermal fibroblasts. The expression of immunoreactive MMP‐8 protein was reduced 30% by transforming growth factor beta‐1 (TGF‐β1) at 1 ng/ml concentration and 60% at 10 ng/ml concentration, but up‐regulated 2‐ and 2.5‐fold after 10 nM and 100 nM phorbol 12‐myristate 13 acetate (PMA), respectively. Immunohistological staining localized MMP‐8 protein in a few malignant invading tumour cell islands, certain fibroblasts, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), and plasma cells. In situ hybridization revealed a faint sporadic signal in carcinoma cells of all eight tissue sections analysed. It is concluded that tissue from head and neck carcinomas can express MMP‐8 both in vivo and in vitro. Since the amount of MMP‐8 in carcinoma and stromal cells is rather low, MMP‐8 may have a potential role, with other collagenases, in the proteolysis of connective tissue associated with the spreading of invasive carcinoma. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Versican overexpression in human breast cancer lesions: Known and new isoforms for stromal tumor targeting

Proteoglycans play a key role in cancer development and progression by participating in the constitution of a specific fertile tumor microenvironment. As they are largely overexpressed in the malignant stroma, proteoglycans provide a reservoir of potential new targets for anticancer therapies, because they can serve to convey toxic payloads in the close proximity of cancer cells and subsequently destroy them. In this context, versican, a proteoglycan largely overexpressed in several solid cancers, bears the potential to be such an ideal target. As 4 main versican isoforms have been characterized, we sought to determine which isoform could represent the best target in human breast cancer. We used a series of 10 primary breast cancer lesions that were characterized as overexpressing the versican protein, when compared with matched normal breast tissues, using shotgun mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry experiments. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western‐blotting experiments were used to evaluate versican isoform expression in breast cancer/normal tissue pairs for which ARN quality was excellent. All known isoforms were significantly overexpressed in the malignant lesions, both at the mRNA and at the protein levels. In the course of this study, we also identified and cloned a new alternatively spliced versican isoform, referred to as V4, which was also found to be upregulated in human breast cancer. This study provides for the first time a comprehensive mRNA and protein analysis of versican isoforms expression in human breast tissues, and offers insights into which therapeutic strategy would be best suited to target versican in human breast cancer lesions.
Dimethyl sulfoxide in the treatment of experimental brain compression.

✓ Forty rhesus monkeys were subjected to acute experimental head injury by extradural balloon compression of the brain. A critical endpoint in the compression was used to inject either saline, urea, or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). All saline-treated animals died. Ten of 15 urea-treated animals survived, while 14 of 15 DMSO-injected monkeys survived. The incidence of neurological deficits seen in survivors was four for urea and one for DMSO. It is concluded that DMSO is capable of modifying the mortality rate and posttraumatic sequelae of brain injury in the experimental model used.
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Affective Style Questionnaire and its role as a moderator of the relationship between stress and negative affect

The Affective Style Questionnaire is a self-report instrument for assessing affective style. Study 1 investigated the psychometric properties of the Chinese Affective Style Questionnaire in a sample of 459 Chinese participants. The confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure. Study 1 indicated that the Chinese Affective Style Questionnaire can be used as a simple, reliable, and valid scale for measuring individual differences in affective style. Study 2 examined the moderating role of different affective styles in the relationship between stress and negative affect. Concealing and tolerating moderated the relationship between stress and anxiety, and adjusting moderated the relationship between stress and depression.
Meta-Analysis of Theory of Mind and Peer Popularity in the Preschool and Early School Years.

It has been argued that children who possess an advanced theory of mind (ToM) are viewed positively by their peers, but the empirical findings are mixed. This meta-analysis of 20 studies including 2,096 children (aged from 2 years, 8 months to 10 years) revealed a significant overall association (r = .19) indicating that children with higher ToM scores were also more popular in their peer group. The effect did not vary with age. The effect was weaker for boys (r = .12) compared to girls (r = .30). ToM was more strongly associated with popularity (r = .23) than with rejection (r = .13). These findings confirm that ToM development has significant implications for children's peer relationships.
The Challenge of Diagnosing Pulmonary Embolism in Children, Pregnant Women, and Elderly Patients: A Descriptive Review of the Literature

The prompt and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) greatly influences patient outcomes. However, diagnosing PE is one of the most difficult challenges confronting physicians, even more so when the clinical suspicion is addressed in children, during pregnancy, or in elderly patients. In these patient groups, symptoms and signs from concomitant conditions or diseases may mimic PE and make difficult defining clinical probability categories for PE as usually applied to general adult patients. Moreover, the diagnostic techniques show wider, specific limitations in these settings. PE is considered rare in children. The diagnostic management of a child with suspected PE is largely extrapolated from the knowledge achieved in adult patients. An increased risk of venous thromboembolism is reported in all trimesters of pregnancy and in the puerperium. An accurate diagnosis of PE in pregnancy has important implications, including the need for prolonged anticoagulation, delivery planning, and prophylaxis during future pregnancies, as well as concerns about future oral contraceptive use and estrogen therapy. Although incidence, morbidity, and mortality increase steadily with age, PE remains an underdiagnosed disease in elderly patients. About 40% of PE found at necropsy were not suspected antemortem. In the present article, challenges in diagnosing PE in children, during pregnancy, and in the elderly will be discussed, reviewing the available clinical, laboratory, and instrumental diagnostic strategies.
Increasing Energy and Resource Efficiency Through Innovation - An Explorative Analysis Using Innovation Survey Data

Energy and resource efficiency innovations (EREIs) are often seen as win-win opportunities for both the economic and the environmental performance of firms. It is thus worth asking how the innovation activities and performance of firms with regard to energy and resource efficiency look like: Do EREI firms follow distinct innovation strategies? Do EREIs spur or limit innovation success? And what are the particular features of EREI firms compared to conventional innovators? Using German innovation data, we find that EREIs are determined by a larger set of technology-push and market-pull factors. On the supply side, R&D budgets, research infrastructure and networking with other firms are important factors of influence, while on the demand side increased productivity and cost reductions are decisive, as well as improved product quality. On the other hand, EREIs are complex activities which also need regulatory incentives. Although EREIs are not more successful compared to conventional innovations, they contribute substantially to the economic success of firms.
Mammographic density as a risk factor for breast cancer in a German case–control study

Mammographic percent density (MD) is recognized as one of the strongest risk factors associated with breast cancer. This matched case–control study investigated whether MD represents an independent risk factor. Mammograms were obtained from 1025 breast cancer patients and from 520 healthy controls. MD was measured using a quantitative computer-based threshold method (0–100%). Breast cancer patients had a higher MD than healthy controls (38 vs. 32%, P<0.01). MD was significantly higher in association with factors such as age over 60 years, body mass index (BMI) of 25–30 kg/m2, nulliparity or low parity (one to two births). Average MD was inversely associated with age, BMI, parity and positively associated with age at first full-term pregnancy. MD was higher in women with at least one first-degree relative affected, but only among patients and not in the group of healthy controls (P<0.01/P=0.61). In women with an MD of 25% or more, the risk of breast cancer was doubled compared with women with an MD of less than 10% (odds ratio: 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.3–3.4; P<0.01); in the postmenopausal subgroup, the risk was nearly tripled (odds ratio: 2.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.6–4.7; P<0.001). This study provides further evidence that MD is an important risk factor for breast cancer. These results indicate strong associations between MD and the risk of breast cancer in a matched case–control study in Germany.
Radio Receptor Assay of Serum Neuroleptic Levels in Psychiatric Patients

The radioreceptor assay for the measurement of neuroleptic drugs in serum has been used to study the relationship between dose and serum level in schizophrenic patients receiving these drugs. The assay was found to be reproducible and capable of detecting neuroleptics in the sera of patients receiving a range of both oral and depot drugs, with the exception of trifluoperazine spansules. Linear correlations were obtained between daily dose and serum level for each drug both in individual patients on different doses and between patients on a stable dose. Extrapyramidal side effects were related to the serum neuroleptic level within, but not between, patients. The assay may be of use in clinical practice, including the assessment of compliance or poor response to neuroleptics.
Specific IgG and IgM antibody responses in herpes-simplex-virus infections.

Summary In nine patients with oral or genital primary herpes-simplex-virus infection, examined by the indirect immunofluorescence technique, IgG and IgM anti- bodies were both present by the sixth day. Significant titres of IgM persisted for 8 weeks or more. No changes in antibody titre were observed in three patients with clinical recurrences; in only two of five patients with a history of recurrences was IgM detectable, and at low levels. Eight adult patients with herpes-simplex encephalitis (HSE) showed serum IgG and IgM antibody responses similar to those seen in the non-encephalitic primary infections, although in one of the cases the IgM antibody was detected only after sucrose density-gradient fractionation of the serum. Another patient with HSE and a past history of cold sores had a low, unchanging level of IgM antibody in the serum that persisted for about 10 weeks. IgG antibody, but no IgM antibody, was found in the CSF of the patients with HSE. I am greatly indebted to Dr F. 0. MacCallum and Dr A. H. Tomlinson for continued encouragement, help and advice during this study.