Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NADPH diaphorase activity in the rabbit retina is modulated by glutamatergic pathways

NADPH diaphorase activity in the rabbit retina is modulated by the state of visual adaptation. In this study, we tested possible glutamatergic control of this phenomenon. Rabbits were injected intravitreally with agonists and antagonists of glutamate. After adaptation (3 hours) to either room light or darkness, the rabbits were killed and the retinae were prepared for NADPH diaphorase histochemistry. Kainic acid significantly reduced the number of NADPH diaphorase amacrine cells but augmented NADPH diaphorase activity in horizontal cells in both light‐ and dark‐adapted animals. 6,7‐Dinitroquinoxaline‐2,3(1H,4H)‐dione exerted no effect on amacrine cells but eliminated NADPH diaphorase activity in horizontal cells. 2‐Amino‐4‐phosphono butyric acid did not affect NADPH diaphorase activity in horizontal cells but reduced the degree of staining in the neuronal processes of amacrine cells. MK‐801 and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) had no effect on NADPH diaphorase activity in horizontal cells. However, MK‐801 reduced staining in the neuronal processes of amacrine cells but not in their cell bodies. NMDA effects were expressed in a significant reduction in the number and size of amacrine cells that were NADPH diaphorase positive. These results indicate that activation of NADPH diaphorase in horizontal cells by darkness is mediated by the activation of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/kainic acid (KA)‐type glutamate receptors. The ON pathway in the retina is probably involved in modulation of NADPH diaphorase in the neuronal processes of amacrine cells. Amacrine cells that are NADPH diaphorase positive contain NMDA‐type and AMPA/KA‐type receptors and are highly susceptible to NMDA and kainic acid toxicity. J. Comp. Neurol. 431:28–38, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Specific Pathological Tau Protein Variants Characterize Pick's Disease

Pick's disease (PiD) is characterized by a pan-laminar frontotemporal cortical atrophy, widespread degeneration of the white matter, chromatolytic neurons, and Pick bodies (PB). Microtubule-associated Tau proteins are the main cytoskeletal components modified during these neurodegenerative changes. In the present study, pathological alterations of Tau proteins were investigated in the brains of five PiD cases at both neuropathological and biochemical levels, using the monoclonal antibody AD2 which recognizes a phosphorylation-dependent Tau epitope and strongly labeled PB. A large number of cortical and subcortical regions were studied on frozen materials. Tau proteins were analyzed on mono- and two-dimensional gel electrophoreses using a quantitative western blot approach. In all specimens, a 55 and 64 kDa Tau doublet was observed in limbic, frontal, and temporal cortices as well as in striatum and substantia nigra. In contrast, Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains are characterized by the presence of the 55, 64, and 69 kDa Tau triplet whereas the 64 and 69 kDa doublet is more typical of progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. Thus, the 55 and 64 kDa doublet appears to be specific to PiD, less acidic than AD Tau proteins, and well correlated with the presence of PB.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Avian Escherichia coli O86:K61 Isolates Possessing a Gamma-Like Intimin

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli O86:K61 has long been associated with outbreaks of infantile diarrhea in humans and with diarrheal disease in many animal species. Studies in the late 1990s identified E. coli O86:K61 as the cause of mortality in a variety of wild birds, and in this study, 34 E. coli O86:K61 isolates were examined. All of the isolates were nonmotile, but most elaborated at least two morphologically distinct surface appendages that were confirmed to be type 1 and curli fimbriae. Thirty-three isolates were positive for the eaeA gene encoding a gamma type of intimin. No phenotypic or genotypic evidence was obtained for elaboration of Shiga-like toxins, but most isolates possessed the gene coding for the cytolethal distending toxin. Five isolates were selected for adherence assays performed with tissue explants and HEp-2 cells, and four of these strains produced attaching and effacing lesions on HEp-2 cells and invaded the cells, as determined by transmission electron microscopy. Two of the five isolates were inoculated orally into 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks, and both of these isolates colonized, invaded, and persisted well in this model. Neither isolate produced attaching and effacing lesions in chicks, although some pathology was evident in the alimentary tract. No deaths were recorded in inoculated chicks. These findings are discussed in light of the possibility that wild birds are potential zoonotic reservoirs of attaching and effacing E. coli.
Cross-Validation of a Predictive Scale for Subsequent Suicidal Behaviour in an Italian Sample

Summary A six-point predictive scale for parasuicide repetition developed by Buglass and Horton (1974a) was tested on a group of patients admitted for parasuicide to a psychiatric ward of one of the city hospitals of Verona. The scale gave a range of probability of repetition within 12 months of 15 per cent at a score of 0 up to 45.5 per cent at the scores 3, 4, 5 and 6. Moreover the scale discriminated significantly between repeaters and non-repeaters. Items significantly associated with repetition in the Italian sample, which are not represented by the six-point scale were: previous parasuicide not admitted to hospital, violence received, alcohol taken at time of act, less than one year at the present address.
Microsatellites provide insight into contrasting mating patterns in arribada vs. non‐arribada olive ridley sea turtle rookeries

Molecular studies of sea turtles have shown that the frequency of multiple paternity (MP) varies between species, and between rookeries of the same species. This study uses nuclear microsatellite markers to compare the incidence of MP in two neighbouring olive ridley rookeries on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, with contrasting nesting behaviours — the ‘arribada’ population nesting at Ostional and the solitary nesters of Playa Hermosa. Using two highly polymorphic microsatellite markers, we tested 13 nests from each location and found a significant difference (P < 0.001) between the level of MP of the arribada rookery (92%— the highest found for marine turtles) and that of the solitary nesting rookery (30%). Additional analyses based on six microsatellite loci revealed no genetic differentiation between nesting females from the two locations, or between nesting females and attendant males from the Ostional breeding area. Sixty‐nine per cent of the nests with MP were fathered by a minimum of three different males, and three nests showed evidence of at least four fathers. The results suggest that the differences observed in levels of MP between arribada and solitary rookeries are due to an effect of abundance of individuals on the mating system. This is supported by a regression analysis combining other paternity studies on sea turtles which shows that levels of MP increase with increasing abundance of nesting females.
STARSS: A Spatio-Temporal Action Rating System for Soccer

An important task in sports analytics is to devise playerperformance metrics that allow managers to take better-informed decisions. While several such metrics have been proposed for baseball, basketball, and ice hockey, this task has virtually remained unexplored to date for soccer. This paper presents an approach for automatically rating the actions performed by soccer players based on historical match data. The approach considers all player actions that contribute to a team’s offensive output and accounts for the context of the actions.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection of frozen‐thawed bovine oocytes and subsequent embryo development

Oocyte cryopreservation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are advantageous to expand their usefulness in genetic engineering. Oocytes matured for 22 hr were vitrified in droplets of cryoprotectants (3.2 M ethylene glycol (EG), 2.36 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 0.6 M sucrose) on copper electron microscope (EM) grids. After being warmed, the oocytes were cultured in IVM medium for an additional 2 hr. Sperm treated with dithiothreitol were utilized for ICSI. Oocytes injected with sperm were activated by combination of ionomycin with cycloheximide (CHX). The ICSI oocytes were compared for the rates of pronuclear formation, development, cell number, and the ratio of ICM to those of fresh ICSI and IVF control. The proportion of 2PN formation was significantly higher in IVF control (Group 1) than those in other treated groups. Among the treated groups a significant lower 2PN formation was observed in IVF‐frozen‐thawed than in ICSI‐fresh and frozen‐thawed groups. Cleavage rates in IVF‐frozen‐thawed and ICSI‐frozen‐thawed groups were significantly lower than those of IVF control and ICSI‐fresh groups. In ICSI groups, the rates of cleavage and blastocyst in fresh oocytes were significantly higher than in frozen‐thawed. Development rates into blastocysts in the ICSI‐fresh and frozen‐thawed groups were significantly lower than that of IVF control. Total cell number was significantly lower in both frozen‐thawed IVF and ICSI groups than those in IVF‐control and ICSI‐fresh groups. However, the rates of the remaining cells that were found in the ICM were significantly higher in both frozen‐thawed IVF and ICSI than in the IVF‐control and ICSI‐fresh groups. The results indicated that frozen‐thawed bovine oocytes were suitable for ICSI procedure. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 68: 449–455, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CDF-Based Scheduling Algorithm for Proportional Throughput Fairness

Cumulative distribution function (CDF)-based scheduling (CS) with resource-based fairness is well-known as an efficient algorithm that satisfies fair resource sharing among users while accommodating exploitation of multiuser diversity. In this letter, we extend CS to satisfy proportional throughput fairness. In particular, the proposed CS with proportional throughput fairness (CSPT) exploits the properties of CS to intelligently calculate the channel access ratio (CAR) for each user that satisfies proportional throughput fairness. Then, user selection is performed under CS with the obtained CARs. Moreover, the throughput upper-bound of schedulers satisfying proportional throughput fairness is analyzed and, through asymptotic analysis and simulations for various scenarios, we show that the performance of our proposed CSPT is close to this upper-bound.
The Hypercategorematic Infinite

This paper aims to show that a proper understanding of what Leibniz meant by “hypercategorematic infinite” sheds light on some fundamental aspects of his conceptions of God and of the relationship between God and created simple substances or monads. After revisiting Leibniz’s distinction between (i) syncategorematic infinite, (ii) categorematic infinite, and (iii) actual infinite, I examine his claim that the hypercategorematic infinite is “God himself” in conjunction with other key statements about God. I then discuss the issue of whether the hypercategorematic infinite is a “whole”, comparing the four kinds of infinite outlined by Leibniz in 1706 with the three degrees of infinity outlined in 1676. In the last section, I discuss the relationship between the hypercategorematic infinite and created simple substances. I conclude that, for Leibniz, only a being beyond all determinations but eminently embracing all determinations can enjoy the pure positivity of what is truly infinite while constituting the ontological grounding of all things. I a striking passage of 1706 meant for his Jesuit correspondent, Bartholomew Des Bosses, Leibniz writes: There is a syncategorematic infinite or passive power having parts, namely, the possibility of further progress by dividing, multiplying, subtracting, or adding. In addition, there is a hypercategorematic infinite, or potestative infinite, and active power having, as it were, parts eminently but not formally or actually. This infinite is God himself. But there is not a categorematic infinite or one actually having infinite parts formally. There is also an actual infinite in the sense of a distributive whole but not a collective one [per modum totius distributivi non collectivi]. Thus, something can be stated of all numbers, though not collectively. In this way it can be said that for every even number there is a corresponding odd number, and vice versa; but it is not therefore accurately said that there is an equal multitude of even and odd numbers.1 This text has attracted significant attention in recent years, especially in the context of the discussion on Leibniz’s theory of the infinite sparked by seminal papers by Laurence Carlin, Gregory Brown, and Richard Arthur published in the Leibniz Review.2 The debate has broadened to other important contributions while retaining a focus on Leibniz’s notions of syncategorematic infinite and actual infinite, and on The Leibniz Review, Vol. 25, 2015
Calibration d'algorithmes de type Lasso et analyse statistique de données métallurgiques en aéronautique

Notre these comprend deux parties : l’une methodologique, l’autre appliquee.La partie methodologique porte sur le Lasso et une variante de cet algorithme, le Lasso projete, en vue de leur calibration par pente. Notre methode tire parti des proprietes de parcimonie du Lasso, en envisageant le probleme de sa calibration comme un probleme de selection de modeles, permettant l’emploi de criteres penalises necessitant le reglage d’une constante. Pour determiner la forme de la penalite et la valeur de la constante, nous adaptons les approches classiques de Birge et Massart. Ceci permet de degager la notion de penalite canonique. Pente et validation croisee sont ensuite comparees. La proximite des resultats suggere qu’en pratique on utilise les deux conjointement, avec des corrections visuelles concernant la pente. Des ameliorations sur le temps de calcul des penalites canoniques sont ensuite proposees, mais sans succes patent. La partie appliquee analyse certaines questions metallurgiques en aeronautique. En fiabilite, le grand nombre de variables presentes, relativement au nombre limite de donnees, mene a une instabilite des solutions par modeles lineaires et a des temps de calculs trop eleves ; c’est pourquoi le Lasso constitue une solution interessante. Notre methode de reglage permet souvent de retenir les variables conformes a l’experience metier. La question de la qualite du procede de fabrication, par contre, ne peut se traiter au moyen du Lasso. Quatre aspects sont alors envisages : la determination des facteurs du procede, la mise en evidence de recettes, l’etude de la stabilite du procede dans le temps et la detection de pieces hors-normes. Un schema general d’etude procede est ainsi degage,en qualite comme en fiabilite.
Mortality in a Consecutive Cohort of 248 Adolescents and Adults Who Underwent Diagnostic Evaluation for Epilepsy Surgery

Summary: A cohort analytic study of a broad set of outcomes was performed in a consecutive series of 248 adults and adolescents who underwent evaluation for surgery for intractable epilepsy at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), U.S.A. from 1974 to 1990. In the analysis, 202 were designated as “surgery” patients and 46 were assigned to a “nonsurgery” group, based primarily on whether surgery for a localized surgical region was undertaken. Follow‐up at an average of 6 years revealed that 14 (7%) of the surgery and 9 (20%) of the non‐ surgery group had died (p < 0.01). Results were similar after adjusting for baseline differences between groups. These multivariate models also showed that female gender was significantly associated with lower mortality. A significantly higher proportion of the deceased experienced two or more seizures over the latest year of follow‐up compared with survivors (p < 0.01). Specific causes of death remain to be determined.
A rapidly enlarging nodule on the scalp

A 76-year-old man presented with a history of a rapidly enlarging nodule on his scalp. On examination, he had an ulcerated, friable, multilobular nodule on the left frontal scalp (Fig. 1a), which nearly doubled in size 2 weeks later (Fig. 1b). There was no palpable regional lymphadenopathy. Of note, the patient had a history of an adenocarcinoma of the prostate (Gleason score 4 + 3) diagnosed in 2003, for which he had received treatment with androgen blockade, docetaxel, and more recently mitoxantrone chemotherapy after he developed metastases. Positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET/CT) scan confirmed widespread sclerotic bony metastases and lymphadenopathy above the diaphragm, in addition to the fluorodeoxyglucose-avid scalp lesion.
Solid Malignant Tumors of Infancy and Childhood: A Histopathological Study

In general, the features of malignancies in children differ biologically and histologically from those of adults with respect to incidence, type of tumor, underlying familial or genetic aberration and Tendency to regress spontaneously or cytodifferantiate. In recent years, identification of specific genes, oncogenes, tumor markers and other biological and pathological factors have played an important role in staging and classifying risk categorization of specific tumors as low, intermediate and high-risk lesions. Hence there is need for accurate histopathological reporting in conjugation with ancillary methods. This study was under taken to evaluate the incidence and morphological features of solid malignant tumors in children of fifteen years and below. The material for present study was obtained from SIMS and referred cases. The histopathology slides and paraffin blocks were reviewed. The sections 3-5 μ thick, were cut and stained by haematoxylin and eosin in all cases and special stains like PAS, MTS, RT and IHC done where ever feasible. An analysis of 66 cases of solid malignant tumors of childhood over a period of 5years were made.The early onset and the embryonal nature of the major paediatric tumors, suggest a prenatal origin and role of genetic factors. Infections, exposure to drugs and chemicals during pregnancy are other contributory factors. Accurate incidence of data is important in the planning and evaluation of clinical trials. Documentation of cases, advanced diagnostic methods like IHC, cytogenetic studies and treatment modalities with close follow up is needed to achieve better statistical evaluation of the problem.
Effect of melengestrol acetate on synchronization of estrus, subsequent fertility and milk constituents of lactating dairy cows.

Abstract The oral effectiveness of melengestrol acetate in estrus synchronization and its effect on milk yield and milk constituents was determined in 40 lactating dairy cows. Melengestrol acetate was fed at a rate of 1.0 mg/head/day for 14 consecutive days in 0.91 kg of a grain diet. It was observed that melengestrol acetate did not significantly affect milk yield, milk fat, solids-not-fat, or lactose level. Cows were not observed in standing estrus during the feeding period of melengestrol acetate. The occurrence of estrus after withdrawal was 93%. The mean interval from melengestrol acetate withdrawal to onset of the first and second post-treatment estrus was 4.9 and 21.9 days, respectively. The over-all conception rate (first and second service) for the control group was 53%, as compared to 60% for the melengestrol acetate group. Estrus synchronization in the hot summer months tends to have a slight adverse effect on the occurrence of post-melengestrol acetate estrus and on fertility, when compared to estrus synchronization during the cool seasons of the year.
Changes in Pan Evaporation and Their Attribution to Climate Factors in the Zoige Alpine Wetland, the Eastern Edge of the Tibetan Plateau (1969–2014)

Decreases in pan evaporation (Epan) over the last decades have been reported in many regions of the world. In this study, changes of Epan in the Zoige Plateau alpine wetland (hereinafter referred to as “Zoige wetland”) and its peripheral regions from 1969 to 2014 were investigated using the PenPan model based on the long-term meteorological data. The contribution of climate factors to Epan change were quantified by using partial derivatives of the PenPan model. Results indicated that Epan in Zoige wetland exhibited an obvious decreasing trend before 1989, but rapidly increased after 1990. The increase in Epan in the Zoige wetland is more significant than that in its peripheral regions and the entire Tibetan Plateau, which contributed to the more significant warming in the Zoige wetland. The pan evaporation in Zoige wetland after 1990 could be mostly attributed to changes in the aerodynamic component, and the decreasing radiation and wind speed is the primary contributor to the decline of pan evaporation during 1969–1989, while increasing air temperature and vapor pressure deficit were the major contributors to the increase of pan evaporation after 1990.
8 Emotion Regulation from the Perspective of Developmental Neuroscience What , Where , When , and Why

Imagine that a loved one has been diagnosed with a serious illness. What is your response to this devastating news and how will you cope? The emotion regulation researcher can ask this question from numerous perspectives: How intense is your emotional reaction? Do you suppress your emotions or "think on the bright side" and hope for the best? How will your emotional reactions differ if you're depressed rather than anxious? Such questions are only the tip of the iceberg in terms of the possibilities an emotion regulation researcher might choose to pursue. Some of the most exciting research on emotion regulation to emerge recently uses the highly sensitive tools of neuroscience to pursue and refine some of these challenging questions. Yet, research on the neuroscience of child emotion regulation has been relatively slow to develop. Moreover, in research with children, there is a trend to apply emotion regulation theories developed in reference to adults without carefully considering developmental principles. This could limit the ability of researchers to detect emotion regulatory processes that might be critical factors in childhood, but less important in adulthood. The first goal of this chapter is a descriptive one: To critically highlight trends in neuroscience research examining emotion regulation. We argue that a neural biomarker approach has the potential to strengthen and clarify how the field conceptualizes and measures the construct of emotion regulation, and articulates how emotion regulation relates to the development of both positive adjustment and psychopathology. The second goal of this chapter is more prescriptive: To advance developmental neuroscience research on emotion regulation, we must integrate findings from diverse fields, highlight developmental principles, and ground empirical questions in both behavioral and neuroscience principles. Moreover, given the complexity of the construct of emotion regulation, there is a need to improve communication and comparisons across labs, as well as to clarify what we mean by the construct of emotion regulation. To this end, we propose the "FourW Framework," which describes four key domains of inquiry in the field of emotion regulation research: What is being regulated? , Where is regulation occurring? , When is regulation occurring? , and Why is regulation occurring? (e.g., see also Dennis, Buss, & Hastings, 2012). Based on this and our review of the literature, we make recommendations for future developmental neuroscience research on emotion regulation. Our discussion opens by outlining some of the central definitions and models of emotion regulation that inform neuroscience research, followed by a selective review of the neuroscience literature relevant to understanding the development of emotion regulation.