Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of microbiological, cellular and risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis in female buffaloes

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and cellular milk profile for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in female buffaloes and to assess risk factors for predisposition of the disease. Methods Analyses were carried out by standard plate count (SPC), identification of species and antibiotic resistance, somatic cell count (SCC), electrical electrical conductivity of milk (ECM), and lactoferrin content in milk. Teat cups were swabbed to evaluate risk factors, observing hyperkeratosis, milking vacuum pressure and cleanliness of the site. Hence, 30 female buffaloes were randomly selected (15 from a group in early lactation and 15 in late lactation). Results The most common bacteria in the microbiological examination were Staphylococcus spp. , Streptococcus spp. and Corynebacterium sp. In the antibiotic sensitivity test, 10 (58.82%) of the 17 antibiotics tested were sensitive to all isolates, and resistant bacteria were Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus haemolyticus, and Escherichia coli. It was observed that positive samples in the microbiological examination showed total bacterial count between 9.10×103 to 6.94×106 colony forming units/mL, SCC between 42,000 to 4,320,000 cells/mL and ECM ranging from 1.85 to 7.40 mS/cm. It was also found that the teat cups had high microbial counts indicating poor hygiene, and even faults in the cleanliness of the animals’ waiting room were observed. It is concluded that values of SCC above 537,000 cells/mL and ECM above 3.0 mS/mL are indications of mammary gland infection for this herd; however, the association of these values with a microbiological analysis is necessary to more accurately evaluate the health status of mammary glands with subclinical mastitis. Conclusion Through phenotypic characterization of bacteria involved in the samples, the genera Staphylococcus spp. , Streptococcus spp. , and Corynebacterimum bovis were the most prevalent in this study. Faults in environment and equipment hygienization are factors that are directly associated with mastitis.
Inhibition of RNA splicing at the Rous sarcoma virus src 3' splice site is mediated by an interaction between a negative cis element and a chicken embryo fibroblast nuclear factor

In permissive Rous sarcoma virus-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF), approximately equimolar amounts of env and src mRNAs are present. In nonpermissive mammalian cells, the src mRNA level is elevated and env mRNA level is reduced. A cis element in the region between the env gene and the src 3' splice site, which we have termed the suppressor of src splicing (SSS), acts specifically in CEF but not in human cells to reduce src mRNA levels. The splicing inhibition in CEF is not caused by a base-paired structure which is predicted to form between the SSS and the src 3' splice site. To further investigate the mechanism of the inhibition, we have used human HeLa cell nuclear extracts to compare in vitro the rates of splicing of RNA substrates containing the Rous sarcoma virus major 5' splice site and either the env or src 3' splice sites. We show that the src 3' splice site is used approximately fivefold more efficiently than the env 3' splice site. The efficiency of in vitro splicing at the src 3' splice site is specifically reduced by addition of CEF nuclear extract. The inhibition is dependent on the presence of the SSS element and can be abrogated by addition of competitor RNA. We propose that the SSS region represents a binding site for a negative-acting CEF splicing factor(s).
Ordenaciones de bienestar e inferencia estadística : el caso de las EPF DE 1980-81 y 1990-91

El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer una respuesta a la pregunta "? Que ha ocurrido con el bienestar economico en Espana entre 1980-81 y 1990-91? ". Se utiliza para ello la informacion contenida en las dos ultimas Encuestas de Presupuestos Familiares. El nivel de vida de hogares y personas se identifica con el gasto corriente en bienes y servicios de consumo, y con el gasto corriente neto de ciertas inversiones. Estas medidas se ajustan para tener en cuenta las diferencias en el tamano del hogar usando un amplio abanico de hipotesis sobre la importancia que deseamos conceder a las economias de escala en el consumo. Las comparaciones intertemporales en terminos reales se realizan utilizando indices de precios especificos para cada hogar. Hemos comparado el bienestar economico agregado de ambas distribuciones empleando solamente la media y el grado de desigualdad, basandonos en los poderosos resultados analiticos que sustentan dicha estrategia. Los criterios de desigualdad utilizados abarcan tanto los aspectos relativos como los absolutos. Asimismo se emplean sistematicamente procedimientos rigurosos de inferencia estadistica que mejoran sustancialmente los procedimientos numericos habituales. Para la poblacion en su conjunto, los principales resultados que caracterizan esta decada son el importante incremento de la media en terminos reales, los nulos efectos distributivos de la evolucion de los precios relativos y la mejoria experimentada por la desigualdad relativa. La desigualdad absoluta, en cambio, aumenta. Tanto en el caso relativo como en el absoluto, el estudio realizado sobre la particion basada en el tamano del hogar confirma los resultados anteriores en cada uno de los subgrupos.
The Effects of Hypnosis/Guided Imagery on the Postoperative Course of Children

Hypnosis, guided imagery, and relaxation have been shown to improve the postoperative course of adult surgical patients. Children have successfully used hypnosis/guided imagery to significantly reduce the pain associated with invasive procedures and to improve selected medical conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of hypnosis/guided imagery on the postoperative course of pediatric surgical patients. Fifty-two children (matched for sex, age, and diagnosis) were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The experimental group was taught guided imagery by the investigator. Practice of the imagery technique included suggestions for a favorable postoperative course. Significantly lower postoperative pain ratings and shorter hospital stays occurred for children in the experimental group. State anxiety was decreased for the guided imagery group and increased postoperatively for the control group. This study demonstrates the positive effects of hypnosis/guided imagery for the pediatric surgical patient.
Mycophenolate Mofetil versus Azathioprine in the Maintenance Therapy of Lupus Nephritis

Background. Renal involvement is one of the major determinants of the outcome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Renal involvement contributes to both morbidity and mortality of the patients as well as indirectly through side effects of therapy directed at the renal lesions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and azathioprine (AZA) in the maintenance therapy of lupus nephritis. Methods. Thirty-two patients from our center with diagnosed lupus nephritis World Health Organization Class III, IV, V were treated with IVC (0.75–1g/month) for six months in addition to steroid therapy, and then with AZA (n = 15) or MMF (n = 17) as a maintenance therapy. The efficacy of two drugs was compared with changes in serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, 24 hour urine protein excretion, cholesterol, anti-dsDNA antibody, and urine sediment. Results. Mean follow-up time was 41.5 + 7 months. The total remission occurred in 84% of patients (82% with MMF and 87% with AZA), with a complete remission rate of 59.3% (58% with MMF and 60% with AZA) and a partial remission rate of 25% (22% with MMF and 27% with AZA). The urinary protein excretion before MMF treatment was 1.9 + 1 g/dL and decreased significantly to 0.91 + 0.6 g/dL (p = 0.028) after treatment, and decreased from 1.58 + 0.7g/dL to 0.4 + 0.23g/dL in the AZA group (p = 0.04). The serum creatinine level decreased from 1.32 + 0.7 mg/dL to 1.12 + 0.68 mg/dL in the MMF group (p = 0.23), and decreased from 0.91 + 0.23mg/dL to 0.88 + 0.23 mg/dL in the AZA group (p = 0.49). There was no significant change between two groups (p = 0.1). The serum cholesterol decreased from 229 + 57 mg/dL to 171 + 9 mg/dL (p = 0.002), and serum triglyceride level decreased from 228 + 116 mg/dL to 98 + 35 mg/dL (p = 0.004) in the MMF treatment, but no significant change was seen in AZA group. There was no significant difference between the two groups considering the rates of doubling of serum creatinine, progression to end-stage renal failure, relapses, and documented side effects, as well. Conclusion. Both therapeutic approaches with MMF or AZA, in combination with corticosteroids, are effective as a maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis.
Hemodynamic, metabolic, and organ function effects of pure oxygen ventilation during established fecal peritonitis-induced septic shock

Objective:To test the hypothesis whether pure oxygen ventilation is equally safe and beneficial in fully developed fecal peritonitis-induced septic shock as hyperoxia initiated at the induction of sepsis. Design:Prospective, randomized, controlled, experimental study with repeated measures. Setting:Animal research laboratory at a university medical school. Subjects:Twenty anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and instrumented pigs. Interventions:Twelve hours after induction of fecal peritonitis by inoculation of autologous feces, swine, which were resuscitated with hydroxyethyl starch and norepinephrine to maintain mean arterial pressure at baseline values, were ventilated randomly with an Fio2 required to keep Sao2 >90% (controls: n = 10) or Fio2 1.0 (hyperoxia, n = 10) during the next 12 hrs. Measurements and Main Results:Despite similar hemodynamic support (hydroxyethyl starch and norepinephrine doses), systemic and regional macrocirculatory and oxygen transport parameters, hyperoxia attenuated pulmonary hypertension, improved gut microcirculation (ileal mucosal laser Doppler flowmetry) and portal venous acidosis, prevented the deterioration in creatinine clearance (controls 61 (44;112), hyperoxia: 96 (88;110) mL·min−1, p = . 074), and attenuated the increase in blood tumor necrosis factor-&agr; concentrations (p = .045 and p = .112 vs. controls at 18 hrs and 24 hrs, respectively). Lung and liver histology (hematoxyline eosine staining) were comparable in the two groups, but hyperoxia reduced apoptosis (Tunel test) in the liver (4 (3;8) vs. 2 (1;5) apoptotic cells/field, p = . 069) and the lung (36 (31;46) vs. 15 (13;17) apoptotic cells/field, p < . 001). Parameters of lung function, tissue antioxidant activity, blood oxidative and nitrosative stress (nitrate + nitrite, 8-isoprostane levels; deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage measured using the comet assay) were not further affected during hyperoxia. Conclusions:When compared with the previous report on hyperoxia initiated simultaneously with induction of sepsis, i.e., using a pretreatment approach, pure oxygen ventilation started when porcine fecal peritonitis-induced septic shock was fully developed proved to be equally safe with respect to lung function and oxidative stress, but exerted only moderate beneficial effects.
A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Effectiveness of Ultrasound Guidance Versus Nerve Stimulation for Lateral Popliteal‐Sciatic Nerve Blocks in Obese Patients

Ultrasound guidance may decrease the procedural time for many peripheral nerve blocks compared to nerve stimulation, but these studies have generally excluded obese patients. This single‐blinded randomized clinical trial was designed to compare procedural times and related outcomes for ultrasound‐ versus nerve stimulation‐guided lateral popliteal‐sciatic nerve blockade specifically in obese patients.
A PET study of

Several radiolabelled cocaine analogues have been proposed for brain imaging of the dopamine transporter in research on neuropsychiatric disorders and drug abuse. In a recent positron emission tomography (PET) study we labelled the cocaine analogue ß-CIT-FE with carbon-11 and demonstrated high specific binding in the monkey striatum. In the present study, the selectivity of [11C]ß-CIT-FE binding in the primate brain was examined by pretreatment experiments with reference ligands for the dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine transporter. In three healthy human subjects the regional binding of [11C]ß-CIT-FE was analysed using equilibrium and kinetic analyses. A Scatchard analysis showed that [11C]ß-CIT-FE bound in a saturable manner yielded a density value of the same order as that reported in vitro. The pharmacological characterization indicated that a high degree of [11C]-CIT-FE binding in the primate striatum represents the dopamine transporter. In human subjects the radioligand provided high brain uptake and reached peak equilibrium within 1 hour after i.v. injection. Different quantitative approaches gave similar values for the binding potential. The results support the view that [11C]ß-CIT-FE is a suitable radioligand for clinical studies of the dopamine transporter. In particular for studies requiring short data acquisition or repeated PET measurements on the same day.
The Effect of Aromatherapy Inhalation on Nausea and Vomiting in Early Pregnancy: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy negatively impacts family relationships and has major consequences on the pregnant woman’s working capabilities (Jewell and Young, 2003). Aim: This study aimed to estimate the effect of mixed essential oils inhalation on nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: This study was conducted in Abha maternity teaching hospital-King Khalid University at the outpatient clinics. In addition to three maternal and child health centers. Abha- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Sample: Simple random sample of one hundred one pregnant women with single fetus were recruited in the study. The inclusion criteria were women who can read and write, their age between 15-38 years, between 8 and 16 weeks gestational, free from any medical disorders, who had nausea and/or vomiting, required anti-emetics and were not hospitalized. Tools and measurements: The Rhodes index for nausea and vomiting assessment, visual analogue mood scale, the fatigue severity scale, oil burners, and lavender and peppermint oils were the tools have been used in this study. Procedure: Women in the study group were asked to use the predefined essential oils twice a day, prior napping or sleeping. All participants in the study group were asked to record episodes of nausea and number of vomitus within twelve hours starting from inhalation of fragrance daily for three days. Results: Nausea and vomiting episodes were decreased at third day essential oils inhalation compared with baseline assessment among pregnant women in the study group. Moreover, women felt energetic after essential oils inhalation. Mood scores ranged between mild to moderate energy. Finally, although there was a significant change in fatigue score at third day’s treatment, the fatigue scores still high. Conclusion: Inhalation of mixed two perfumes of lavender and peppermint oils may minimize the severity of nausea episodes, enhance energy level and decrease fatigability sensation. Key words: Nausea, Vomiting, Pregnancy, Aromatherapy, Essential oils, Lavender oil, Peppermint oil
Tonicity of Resuscitative Fluids Influences Outcome after Spinal Cord Injury

OBJECTIVE This investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that the tonicity of resuscitative fluids administered after spinal cord injury influences the magnitude of secondary injury and, therefore, outcome. METHODS Rat spinal cords were compressed with 50 g of weight for 5 minutes to produce injury. After spinal cord injury, the animals were randomized into three experimental groups. Group 1 (n = 10) received no fluid resuscitation after spinal cord injury. Group 2 (n = 6) received 5 ml/kg of intravenously administered Ringer’s lactate 1 minute after the removal of compression. Group 3 (n = 7) was treated with 5 ml/kg of intravenously administered 7.5% hypertonic saline 1 minute after the removal of compression. Neurological outcome was assessed daily for 10 days using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale. Histological evaluations of the spinal cord were obtained on Day 10. RESULTS The average number of recovery days before the rats were able to spontaneously void their bladders was significantly less (P < 0.05) in the hypertonic saline-treated group. Spontaneous hindlimb movement also occurred sooner in the hypertonic saline-treated animals. The average neurological score was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the hypertonic saline-treated group during each of the 10 days of recovery. Histological evaluation supported the finding of attenuation of injury in the hypertonic saline-treated animals. CONCLUSION The results of this investigation with a chronic model of spinal cord injury support the contention that hypertonic saline treatment may provide protection to the spinal cord after mechanical injury.
Effect of macronutrient intake during the second trimester on glucose metabolism later in pregnancy.

BACKGROUND Dietary intake is known to influence glucose metabolism, but there is little consensus on the optimal distribution of macronutrient intakes during pregnancy to prevent gestational diabetes (GDM). OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether macronutrient intake distribution during the second trimester of pregnancy was associated with glucose metabolism later in pregnancy. DESIGN Women with singleton pregnancies and without preexisting type 1 or type 2 diabetes were included. Participants underwent a 3-h oral-glucose-tolerance test at 30 wk (95% CI: 25, 33 wk) gestation and were asked to recall their second-trimester dietary intake by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Of the 205 participants, 47 (22.9%) had a diagnosis of GDM. A higher intake of saturated fat (β ± SEE: 0.059 ± 0.021; P = 0.005) and trans fat (0.381 ± 0.145; P = 0.009) as a percentage of energy and of added sugar (0.017 ± 0.007; P = 0.02) and a lower intake of vegetable and fruit fiber (-0.026 ± 0.012; P = 0.03) were individually associated with increased fasting glucose after multiple adjustment. In participants with a family history of type 2 diabetes, a higher vegetable and fruit fiber intake was associated with reduced insulin resistance (-0.100 ± 0.029; P = 0.0008) and increased insulin sensitivity (0.029 ± 0.012; P = 0.01), after similar adjustment. An increased risk (OR per 1-SD change) of GDM was associated with lower carbohydrate (0.60; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.90) and higher total fat (1.61; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.44) intakes as a percentage of energy, after similar adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Macronutrient intake during the second trimester of pregnancy was associated with a risk of abnormal glucose metabolism later in pregnancy. This finding supports the need for continued work to determine optimal prenatal nutritional strategies to prevent GDM. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01405547.
The Factors That Play a Role in the Decision-Making Process of Adult Deformity Patients

Study Design. Retrospective matched cohort. Objective. To investigate the factors that may affect the decision-making process of adult deformity patients. Summary of Background Data. Adult deformity is a significant cause of morbidity in the elderly population. Despite high complication rates a significant number of patients still prefer operative treatment. Analysis of the factors that drive these patients to operative treatment would help surgeons to better evaluate these patients. Methods. Adult deformity patients who are evaluated in a single institute were reviewed. The inclusion criteria were being >18 years old, having a coronal curve magnitude of >30°, having no previous surgery or associated neuromuscular or inflammatory condition, having completed SF-12, SRS-30, and Oswestry Disability Index questionnaires in the initial visit, and having a complete set of radiographs. The demographic data as well as back and leg pain incidences and magnitudes were collected. The eligible patients were compared first as age-gender-curve type matched cohorts. Results. Functional domain scores particularly walking in Oswestry Disability Index and vitality in the SRS-30 were significantly worse in the operative treatment group, whereas the pain scores were similar in both groups in all outcomes assessment questionnaires. Besides, there was no difference among 2 groups with respect to either the incidence or the magnitude of back or leg pain. Conclusion. These results suggest that functional limitations are more important than pain for adult deformity patients when deciding for operative or nonoperative treatment.
Linear Regression of Postevacuation Serum Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Concentrations Predicts Postmolar Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia

Objective Currently, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) follow-up after evacuation of hydatidiform moles is essential to identify patients requiring chemotherapeutic treatment for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). We propose a model based on linear regression of postevacuation serum hCG concentrations for the prediction of GTN. Methods One hundred thirteen patients with at least 3 serum samples from days 7 to 28 after evacuation were selected from the Dutch Central Registry for Hydatidiform Moles (1994–2009). The slopes of the linear regression lines of the first 3 log-transformed serum hCG and free &bgr;-hCG values were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to calculate areas under curve (AUCs). Results The slope of the hCG regression line showed an AUC of 0.906 (95% confidence interval, 0.845–0.967). Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia could be predicted in 52% of patients with GTN at 97.5% specificity (cutoff, −0.020). Twenty-one percent of patients with GTN could be predicted before diagnosis according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2000 criteria. The slope of free &bgr;-hCG showed an AUC of 0.844 (95% confidence interval, 0.752–0.935), 69% sensitivity at 97.5% specificity, and 38% of patients with GTN could be predicted before diagnosis according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics criteria. Conclusions The slope of the linear regression line of hCG proved to be a good test to discriminate between patients who will achieve spontaneous disease remission and patients developing GTN. The slope of free &bgr;-hCG seems to be a better predictor for GTN than the slope of hCG. Although this model needs further validation for different assays, it seems a promising way to predict the more aggressive cases of GTN.