Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Overview of the IEEE 802.15.4z Standard its Comparison and to the Existing UWB Standards

This paper focuses on the new standard of IEEE 802.15. 4z, which is seeking to enhance the already existing standards for the Impulse Radio Ultra - Wideband (UWB) technology. We describe the current state in regards of standardization of the UWB technology and also the proposed changes to be made. In the last part, we compare the new enhancements to the existing standards and describe the proposed improvements to be made in ranging capabilities, power consumption and security for both HRP and LRP UWB PHYs while also naming several practical applications where these new enhancements will be used.
When beggars are choosers—How nesting of a solitary bee is affected by temporal dynamics of pollen plants in the landscape

Abstract Wild bees are declining in intensively farmed regions worldwide, threatening pollination services to flowering crops and wild plants. To halt bee declines, it is essential that conservation actions are based on a mechanistic understanding of how bee species utilize landscapes. We aimed at teasing apart how foraging resources in the landscape through the nesting season affected nesting and reproduction of a solitary bee in a farmland region. We investigated how availability of floral resources and potentially resource‐rich habitats surrounding nests affected nest provisioning and reproduction in the solitary polylectic bee Osmia bicornis. The study was performed in 18 landscape sectors dominated by agriculture, but varying in agricultural intensity in terms of proportion of organic crop fields and seminatural permanent pastures. Pasture‐rich sectors contained more oak (Quercus robur), which pollen analysis showed to be favored forage in early season. More oaks ≤100 m from nests led to higher proportions of oak pollen in nest provisions and increased speed of nest construction in early season, but this effect tapered off as flowering decreased. Late‐season pollen foraging was dominated by buttercup (Ranunculus spp.), common in various noncrop habitats. Foraging trips were longer with more oaks and increased further through the season. The opposite was found for buttercup. Oak and buttercup interacted to explain the number of offspring; buttercup had a positive effect only when the number of oaks was above the mean for the studied sectors. The results show that quality of complex and pasture‐rich landscapes for O. bicornis depends on preserving existing and generating new oak trees. Lignose plants are key early‐season forage resources in agricultural landscapes. Increasing habitat heterogeneity with trees and shrubs and promoting suitable late‐flowering forbs can benefit O. bicornis and other wild bees active in spring and early summer, something which existing agri‐environment schemes seldom target.
Hard X‐Ray Nanoholotomography: Large‐Scale, Label‐Free, 3D Neuroimaging beyond Optical Limit

There have been great efforts on the nanoscale 3D probing of brain tissues to image subcellular morphologies. However, limitations in terms of tissue coverage, anisotropic resolution, stain dependence, and complex sample preparation all hinder achieving a better understanding of the human brain functioning in the subcellular context. Herein, X‐ray nanoholotomography is introduced as an emerging synchrotron radiation‐based technology for large‐scale, label‐free, direct imaging with isotropic voxel sizes down to 25 nm, exhibiting a spatial resolution down to 88 nm. The procedure is nondestructive as it does not require physical slicing. Hence, it allows subsequent imaging by complementary techniques, including histology. The feasibility of this 3D imaging approach is demonstrated on human cerebellum and neocortex specimens derived from paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks. The obtained results are compared to hematoxylin and eosin stained histological sections and showcase the ability for rapid hierarchical neuroimaging and automatic rebuilding of the neuronal architecture at the level of a single cell nucleolus. The findings indicate that nanoholotomography can complement microscopy not only by large isotropic volumetric data but also by morphological details on the sub‐100 nm level, addressing many of the present challenges in brain tissue characterization and probably becoming an important tool in nanoanatomy.
Prevalence of mecA gene among staphylococci from clinical samples of a tertiary hospital in Benin City, Nigeria

Background The staphylococci have increasingly been associated with infections worldwide and anti-microbial resistance has made these versatile pathogens more recalcitrant in the hospital setting. Objectives This study sought to investigate the occurrence and distribution of Staphylococcus species as well as determine the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) among clinical samples from University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) in Benin City. Methods Ninety one (91) clinical isolates comprising S. aureus and Coagulase Negative staphylococci (CoNS) were recovered from routine clinical specimens and anti-microbial susceptibility tests were carried out. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was thereafter carried out on these isolates to detect mecA gene. Results Staphylococcus species had its highest prevalence from infected wounds of patients (28.8%) while urine samples showed the least (5.4%). The highest level of resistance was to ceftazidime (S. aureus - 68%, CoNS - 75.6%) while the least resistance was observed for meropenem (S. aureus- 26%, CoNS- 46.3%). Using phenotypic method (with 1µg oxacillin antibiotic disc), the distribution of MRSA and MRCoNS was 44.0% and 46.3% respectively. PCR analysis showed that 38.0% of S. aureus and 41.5% of the CoNS had mecA gene respectively; wound swabs showed the highest prevalence with 30.5% of staphylococcal isolates being mecA gene positive. There was also no significant association between the Staphylococcal isolates and their isolation rate, isolation site and mecA gene distribution (p > 0.05). Conclusion This study draws attention on the increase in the prevalence of mecA gene (39.6%) and an increase in multidrug resistant staphylococci when compared to previous studies in our country; it recommends laboratory guidance and periodic review to stem the tide of resistance.
Arsenic hyperaccumulating ferns and their application to phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated sites.

The ubiquitous metalloid arsenic is a toxic environmental pollutant. Arsenic pollution of groundwater is a major health concern worldwide. Remediating arsenic contaminated soil and groundwater using currently available engineering methods is costly and difficult. The discovery of the Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata L) and related species to hyperaccumulate arsenic in their fronds has led to the development of environmentally-friendly and cost-effective phytoremediation technology for remediation of arsenic contaminated sites. An understanding of how P. vittata hyperaccumulates arsenic will be helpful to further improve and fully utilize the phytoremediation potential of this fern. This review summarizes recent research on the mechanisms of arsenic hyperaccumulation in P. vittata and its relevance to application in phytoremediation.
Hydrocarbon Behavior at Nanoscale Interfaces

Throughout Earth’s crust and upper mantle, fluids play the dominant role in transporting and concentrating Earth’s energy and mineral resources (Liebscher and Heinrich 2007). Furthermore, the flux of fluids, which act as both reaction media and reactants, strongly influences the genesis and evolution of many different kinds of rocks. Among many different types of fluids, those containing volatile carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (C-H-O) species tend to dominate in the lithosphere along with various electrolytes and silica. These fluids commonly contain methane as both a major constituent and an important energy source. Conventional natural gas deposits reside in sedimentary basins where fluid overpressure often results in brittle failure of the confining rocks. Industry exploration and exploitation of shale gas (e.g., the Marcellus, Utica, and Barnett formations) has refocused attention on understanding the fundamental behavior of volatile hydrocarbon—rock interactions. Recent observations of hydrocarbons emanating from non-sedimentary systems (abiogenic), such as mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems or occurring within some crystalline rock-dominated Precambrian shield environments have challenged the view that organic rich sediments provide the only significant source of crustal hydrocarbons (Potter and Konnerup-Madsen 2003; Sleep et al. 2004; Sherwood Lollar et al. 2006; McCollom 2013; Sephton and Hazen 2013). Geopressured-geothermal regimes contain C-H-O fluids with vast energy potential in the form of methane and hot water at high pressure. Even fluid inclusions from both metamorphic and igneous terrains record the presence of methane-bearing fluids reflecting reduced redox state conditions of formation. The consequences of coupled reactive-transport processes common to most geological environments depend on the properties and reactivity of these crustal fluids over broad ranges of temperature, pressure and fluid composition. The relative strengths of complex molecular-scale interactions in geologic fluids, and the changes in those interactions with temperature, pressure, and fluid composition, are the fundamental basis for observed …
A Study to Assess the Prevalence of Vaccination Card Retention of Children between 12 to 23 months age by their Parents in a Rural Area of Tripura.

Introduction: low card retention and utilization has been shown by different studies determining immunization coverage in developing countries. The present study aims at assessing the prevalence of vaccination card retention of children between 12 to 23 months age by their parents in a rural area of Tripura. Material and Methods: a community based cross-sectional study has been conducted among parents of 330 children of 12 to 23 months using Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) technique in Mohanpur, the rural field practice area under Department of Community Medicine, Agartala Government Medical College. Data was collected using pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using computer software SPSS version 20.0. Univariate analysis was done to find the factors associated with non-retention of vaccination card. Results: the prevalence of vaccination card retention is found to be 97.9%. Majority (71.4%) said that they have lost the card and rest 28.6% of the parents mentioned that the card is with the local ASHA. Card retention was higher among children with higher educational status of both the parents and those children who were delivered institutionally. Conclusion: the present study reveals that vaccination card retention byparents of thestudy children is higher than previously conducted studies elsewhere.
Socioeconomic Status and Macroeconomic Expectations

We show that individuals’ macroeconomic expectations are influenced by their socioeconomic status (SES). People with higher income or higher education are more optimistic about future macroeconomic developments, including business conditions, the national unemployment rate, and stock market returns. The spread in beliefs between high- and low-SES individuals diminishes significantly during recessions. A comparison with professional forecasters and historical data reveals that the beliefs wedge reflects excessive pessimism on the part of low-SES individuals. SES-driven expectations help explain why higher-SES individuals are more inclined to invest in the stock market and more likely to consider purchasing homes, durable goods, or cars. Received November 13, 2017; editorial decision February 12, 2019 by Editor Wei Jiang. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Predictably Unequal? The Effects of Machine Learning on Credit Markets

Recent innovations in statistical technology, including in evaluating creditworthiness, have sparked concerns about impacts on the fairness of outcomes across categories such as race and gender. We build a simple equilibrium model of credit provision in which to evaluate such impacts. We find that as statistical technology changes, the effects on disparity depend on a combination of the changes in the functional form used to evaluate creditworthiness using underlying borrower characteristics and the cross-category distribution of these characteristics. Employing detailed data on US mortgages and applications, we predict default using a number of popular machine learning techniques, and embed these techniques in our equilibrium model to analyze both extensive margin (exclusion) and intensive margin (rates) impacts on disparity. We propose a basic measure of cross-category disparity, and find that the machine learning models perform worse on this measure than logit models, especially on the intensive margin. We discuss the implications of our findings for mortgage policy.
The management of the oropharyngeal anterior wall cancer.

INTRODUCTION Anterior wall of the oropharynx or the base of the tongue is the site of different types of cancers, most of them usually diagnosed in advanced stages. The most common histological type of cancer diagnosed in these patients is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The treatment methods are multiple, but the optimal therapeutic option with best results on outcome and on the patients' quality life has not been established. The objectives of our study were to evaluate the tongue base SCCs treated by transhyoid approach and the oncological outcomes of the surgery combined with radiotherapy. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS The retrospective study was performed over a period of 10 years (2001-2010) on 37 previously untreated patients. All the tumors were biopsied and after histopathological (HP) diagnosis, the tumors were excised. All the specimens were fixed in 4% (v/v) buffered formalin and sent for the HP evaluation. RESULTS In the study were included only the patient diagnosed on biopsy with different types of SCC. The mean age was 61 years old, most of the patients (94.59%) being males. We performed a tongue base transhyoid tumor resection in 23 (62.17%) cases followed by epiglottectomy in five (13.51%) cases or horizontal supraglottic laryngectomy in nine (24.32%) cases, respectively. Bilateral neck dissections and postoperative radiotherapy were performed in all cases. The postoperative and post-therapeutic evolution was favorable at three years (81.1%) and five years (75.67%). There were no signs of local or regional recurrences. The tumor specific three-year and five-year survival rates were: pT2 100%, pT3 87.5%, pT4a 71.42% and 57.14%, and pT4b 50% and 25%, respectively. The stage specific three-year and five-year survival rates were: stage II 100%, stage III 85.71%, stage IVA 83.33% and 79.16%, and stage IVB 50% and 25%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The prognosis for the SCC of the tongue base is poor. Cancer resection by transhyoid approach is a feasible procedure, which permits a good tumor control with limited postoperative morbidity, with an important benefit on the life quality of the patients.
Availability of Nanopore sequences in the genome taxonomy for Vibrionaceae systematics: Rumoiensis clade species as a test case

Whole genome sequence comparisons have become essential for establishing a robust scheme in bacterial taxonomy. To generalize this genome-based taxonomy, fast, reliable, and cost-effective genome sequencing methodologies are required. MinION, the palm-sized sequencer from Oxford Nanopore Technologies, enables rapid sequencing of bacterial genomes using minimal laboratory resources. Here we tested the ability of Nanopore sequences for the genome-based taxonomy of Vibrionaceae and compared Nanopore-only assemblies to complete genomes of five Rumoiensis clade species: Vibrio aphrogenes, V. algivorus, V. casei, V. litoralis, and V. rumoiensis. Comparison of overall genome relatedness indices (OGRI) and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on Nanopore-only assembly and Illumina or hybrid assemblies revealed that errors in Nanopore-only assembly do not influence average nucleotide identity (ANI), in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH), G+C content, or MLSA tree topology in Vibrionaceae. Our results show that the genome sequences from Nanopore-based approach can be used for rapid species identification based on the OGRI and MLSA.
Drag Minimization Based on the Navier–Stokes Equations Using a Newton–Krylov Approach

A methodology is presented for performing numerical aerodynamic shape optimization based on the three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations. An initial multiblock structured mesh is first fit with B-spline volumes that form the basis for a hybrid mesh movement scheme that is tightly integrated with the geometry parameterization based on B-spline surfaces. The RANS equations and the one-equation Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model are solved in a fully coupled manner using an efficient parallel Newton–Krylov algorithm with approximate-Schur preconditioning. Gradient evaluations are performed using the discrete-adjoint approach with analytical differentiation of the discrete flow and mesh movement equations. The overall methodology remains robust even in the presence of large shape changes. Several examples of lift-constrained drag minimization are provided, including a study of the common research model wing geometry, a wing–body–tail geometry with a prescribed spanwise load distributi.
Cross-Cultural Differences in a Global “Survey of World Views”

We know that there are cross-cultural differences in psychological variables, such as individualism/collectivism. But it has not been clear which of these variables show relatively the greatest differences. The Survey of World Views project operated from the premise that such issues are best addressed in a diverse sampling of countries representing a majority of the world’s population, with a very large range of item-content. Data were collected online from 8,883 individuals (almost entirely college students based on local publicizing efforts) in 33 countries that constitute more than two third of the world’s population, using items drawn from measures of nearly 50 variables. This report focuses on the broadest patterns evident in item data. The largest differences were not in those contents most frequently emphasized in cross-cultural psychology (e.g., values, social axioms, cultural tightness), but instead in contents involving religion, regularity-norm behaviors, family roles and living arrangements, and ethnonationalism. Content not often studied cross-culturally (e.g., materialism, Machiavellianism, isms dimensions, moral foundations) demonstrated moderate-magnitude differences. Further studies are needed to refine such conclusions, but indications are that cross-cultural psychology may benefit from casting a wider net in terms of the psychological variables of focus.
A morpho-functional study using PEP/LVET ratio and global longitudinal strain in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.

AIM To assess left ventricular (LV) systolic function and morphology in patients with severe dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), using both conventional and a complex technique, speckle-tracking echocardiography, and evaluate the correlation between pre-ejection period and left ventricular ejection period (PEP/LVET) ratio, global longitudinal strain (GLS), and severity of the condition. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen patients were enrolled after rigorous criteria. Echocardiography was performed in conventional and speckle-tracking mode, in all patients with DCM, in sinus rhythm. LV dimensions, volumes and ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured. PEP/LVET ratio was obtained from apical 5-chamber axis and was defined as the time between QRS onset and LV ejection reported to LV ejection period. Speckle-tracking imaging was performed in offline mode and GLS was obtained from parasternal 4-, 3-, 2-chamber apical view, by averaging longitudinal peak systolic strain of all 17 LV-segments. RESULTS New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class correlated significantly with LVEF (-0.82; p=0.0006), PEP/LVET (0.86; p=0.001) or GLS (0.85; p=0.0002). Considerable correlations were between mitral regurgitation (MR) severity and LVEF (-0.65; p=0.01) or PEP/LVET (0.69; p=0.0059), but higher were between MR severity and GLS (0.76; p=0.0018). Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) grading correlated statistically with LVEF (-0.62; p=0.01), PEP/LVET and GLS (0.6; p=0.018; and 0.62; p=0.014, respectively). As opposed to the parameters in conventional echocardiography, GLS correlated with DCM etiology (p=0.0046) and with the gender (p=0.048). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that, in patients with DCM, assessment of cardiac dyssynchrony can be accurately accomplished by combining parameters in conventional and in speckle-tracking echocardiography.
Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood related immune cells and cytokines in patients with depression

Purposes: Profiling the peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations (PBLS), regulatory T cells, immune checkpoints and Th1/Th2/IL-17A cytokines to investigate the immunological variations in patients with depression. Methods: A total of 51 patients diagnosed with depression and 50 healthy persons as normal control were recruited. The profiles of PBLS, regulatory T cells, immune checkpoints (PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3) on T cells were labeled with specific antibodies, and detected by flow cytometry. Th1/Th2/IL-17A cytokines were determined by the CBA assay. Results: Compared to that of the control group, the percentages of CD3+/CD45+ T cells, CD3+CD4+/CD45+ T cells, CD3+CD8+/CD45+ T cells and CD19+/CD45+ B cells in patients with depression had no significant differences (P>0.05), however, the percentage of CD16+56+/CD45+ NK cells was significantly lower in patients with depression (P<0.05). Moreover, the percentage of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells was very significantly lower in patients with depression (P<0.01). As compared to that of the control group, the percentages of CD4+PD-1+ and CD8+PD-1+ T cells were very significantly higher (P<0.01), CD4+TIM-3+ T cells were significantly higher (P<0.05) and CD4+LAG-3+ T cells were very significantly lower (P<0.01) in patients with depression, however, there were no significant differences in percentages of CD8+TIM-3+ and CD8+LAG-3+ T cells (P>0.05). The levels of IL-6 and TNF in patients with depression were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A and IFN-γ concentrations (P>0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed the potential influences of immunological factors in the development of depression, which could facilitate its diagnosis and treatment.