Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors that discourage medical students from pursuing a career in psychiatry

Aims and method This cross-sectional study investigated the evolution of intentions among medical students to pursue a career in psychiatry and the factors that might discourage them from becoming a psychiatrist. A questionnaire survey was sent to medical students in years 1-5 at Aberdeen University. Results From 918 students, 467 (51%) returned useable responses. Proportions of students across the 5-year groups who definitely or probably intended to become psychiatrists remained fairly stable at 4-7%. In their final year, psychiatry remained a possible career option for a further 17% of students. The most potent discouraging factor was the perception of poor prognoses among psychiatric patients. Perceptions of a lack of scientific/evidence base reduced enthusiasm for becoming a psychiatrist. Issues relating to the prestige of the specialty were also important. Implications If recruitment to the specialty is to improve, these negative perceptions among students should be addressed by their teachers and more widely within psychiatry.
Computational musical instrument recognition and its application to content-based music information retrieval

The current capability of computers to recognize auditory events is severely limited when compared to human ability. Although computers can accurately recognize sounds that are sufficiently close to those trained in advance and that occur without other sounds simultaneously, they break down whenever the inputs are degraded by competing sounds. In this thesis, we address computational recognition of non-percussive musical instruments in polyphonic music. Music is a good domain for computational recognition of auditory events because multiple instruments are usually played simultaneously. The difficulty in handling music resides in the fact that signals (events to be recognized) and noises (events to be ignored) are not uniquely defined. This is the main difference from studies of speech recognition under noisy environments. Musical instrument recognition is also important from an industrial standpoint. The recent development of digital audio and network technologies has enabled us to handle a tremendous number of musical pieces and therefore efficient music information retrieval (MIR) is required. Musical instrument recognition will serve as one of the key technologies for sophisticated MIR because the types of instruments played characterize musical pieces; some musical forms, in fact, are based on instruments, for example “piano sonata” and “string quartet. ” Despite the importance of musical instrument recognition, studies have until recently mainly dealt with monophonic sounds. Although the number of studies dealing with polyphonic music has been increasing, their techniques have not yet achieved a sufficient level to be applied to MIR or other real applications. We investigate musical instrument recognition in two stages. At the first stage, we address instrument recognition for monophonic sounds to develop basic technologies for handling musical instrument sounds. In instrument recognition for monophonic sounds, we deal with two issues: (1) the pitch dependency of timbre and (2) the input of non-registered instruments. Because musical instrument sounds have wide pitch ranges in contrast to other kinds of sounds, the pitch dependency of timbre is an important issue. The second issue, that is, handling
Teaching for student success: Promising practices in university teaching.

The ability of universities to teach in ways that support the success of diverse students is a matter of focused action in many nations, especially those where demographic trends suggest an increasing prevalence of students from groups under-represented in universities. This paper describes findings from research involving three Faculties and a service centre at a university. Ninety-two interviews were undertaken with Māori and Pasifika students using the Critical Incident Technique (CIT). Teaching and other interventions in non-lecture settings based on the Phase 1 interview findings were implemented. A second set of interviews followed to evaluate the impact of the interventions. Results from the interviews are discussed, along with an analysis of more than 1900 student stories of when teaching in non-lecture settings has helped or hindered their success in degree-level studies. Promising practices for university teaching that helps Māori and Pasifika success are described.
Between the chalkface and the ivory towers? : a study of the professionalism of teacher educators working on primary initial teacher education courses in the English university sector

The central focus of this thesis is how teacher educators, involved in teaching primary Initial Teacher Education (ITE) courses, construct their professionalism(s). The question is framed within a broadly sociological concern with the (re)production of social patterns and relations, particularly gendered relations, in and through ITE. Teacher educators are seen as agents involved in (re)producing the gendered discourses of primary schooling and primary teacher education. The theoretical framework draws on the work of Bourdieu to conceptualise primary ITE as a field which can be analysed at the levels of the macro (national), meso (institutional) and micro (the individual tutors). The empirical work consists of interviews and questionnaires with teacher educators working in three English universities. Case studies of the three universities are presented to contextualise the findings. These elements of the thesis draw on an analysis or mapping of the field of English primary 1TE at the macro level between approximately 1963 and 1996. The first five chapters provide a discussion of relevant substantive, methodological and theoretical issues based on a review of relevant literature and research. The following five chapters present the empirical research and the institutional case studies. The final chapter summarises the contribution which this study makes to a number of fields. Amongst the achievements of the research is the development of a theoretical framework for analysing the professionalism of teacher educators and other professional educators working within Higher Education Institutions. A contribution is also made to the previously underresearched area of teacher educator professionalism, since the study indicates how and why certain constructions of professionalism come to be valorised within different university settings. List of Figures and Tables FIGURES
Early attachment experience and interpersonal relationships between the voices that people hear and the voice-hearer

Psychological research in the last three decades has led to considerable developments in the theoretical understanding of auditory hallucinations. Research into the experience of voice-hearers has attempted to identify the ‘meaning’ attached to voices and increased focus has been placed on the voice as an ‘interpersonal other. ’ However, only limited research has focused on the relationship that exists between the voice and the voice-hearer. No studies appear to examine the influence past interpersonal experiences may have had upon this relationship. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the relationship that exists between voice-hearers and their voices are influenced by early interpersonal experience. Specifically, it aimed to explore perceived parenting style during the first sixteen years of the individual’s life and associations with the current relationship with the predominant voice. Twenty-seven voice hearers were recruited to participate in the study. Individuals completed measures of ‘relating’ to the voice and ‘being related to’ by the voice as well as retrospective measures of perceived parenting. Findings suggest a tentative link between the perceived relating o f parents and ‘being related to’ by the predominant voice. No associations were found between ‘relating’ to the voice and perceived parenting. Consistent with previous research most individuals related to the voice from a position o f distance. Results are discussed within attachment and interpersonal frameworks and findings are discussed in view of design limitations. Clinical implications are proposed with particular reference to assessment and intervention. Recommendations for future research are considered in light o f the findings.
Factors to Assess Self-Archiving in Institutional Repositories

Abstract This paper proposes a group of factors that may be used to assess the success of open access self-archiving. It concentrates on self-archiving in institutional repositories. The authors emphasize the importance of examining content materials, particularly the availability of full text versus abstracts and the deposits archived by authors versus by others.
CONTENT CACHING AND SCHEDULING IN WIRELESS NETWORKS WITH ELASTIC AND INELASTIC TRAFFIC

There is a huge growth in the wireless networks in current days. With this growth, accessing the content through wireless networks needs placing the content at the base stations and scheduling them. Users who are in the network are divided into groups based on the channel conditions, their requests are placed in the front end of the logical queue. All these requests are elastic and inelastic. These requests are placed in the queues which are known as requests queues and the deficit queues contains the deficits which are had in the in elastic services. The data which are stored in the cache are of limited size and they will be getting refreshed frequently to constant time intervals. This paper considering the two different models which will be concentrating on inelastic requests for streaming stored content and real-time streaming of events. In this paper some of the suggestions are made which are used to design the optimal policies which are used to stabilize the request queues and to reduce the deficit to zero
Relative clause production in Basque-Spanish bilinguals with aphasia: material testing in a control group

Research on the comprehesion of relative clauses (RCs) in participants with agrammatism has revealed that although this population encounters difficulties with momevent-derived constructions in general, subject relatives (SRs) are comprehended more accurately than object relatives (ORs). Research on production, on the other hand, has shown quite consistently that the production of RCs and other structures involving the CP node is impaired in aphasia. However, some recent findings in V-2 movement and interrogative sentences suggest that the inaccessibility to the higher nodes of the tree may not be as robust as it was thought. Regarding bilinguals, several studies on bilingual aphasia have revealed that disorders do not necessarily affect all the languages to the same extent. The aim of the present study is to test the validity of some RC elicitation material with the objective of later using it with Basque-Spanish aphasics to shed light upon their syntactic deficiencies. To that aim, the production of RCs in two groups of unimpaired bilinguals (L1 Basque-early L2 Spanish, and L1 Spanish-early L2 Basque) has been explored in Basque and Spanish. The study reveals a better performance in the production of SRs in both groups and languages. Data also points towards an asymmetry in the production of Basque ORs between the Basque and Spanish L1 groups, the former outperforming the latter. In view of the fact that the abscence of the ergative marker is the most frequent error, particularly among Spanish native speakers, we suggest that the divergent case systems of both languages, in general, and the ergative nature of Basque, in particular, could be the responsible for the mentioned asymmetries. Finally, the results indicate that the material used is appropriate to assess the production of RCs, although some remodelling could be done to decrease the number of ambiguous responses. 1 Data were previously collected in a project of a research group from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) thanks to a collaboration grant from the Basque Government.
Deep Sedation With Propofol by Nonanesthesiologists

fully performed. No patient required intubation. Transient desaturation resolving spontaneously occurred in 134 (12.7%) of 1059 patients. Major desaturation requiring a short course of ventilation occurred in 4 (0.8%) of 483 patients undergoing upper endoscopies, in 1 (0.3%) of 287 patients undergoing painful procedures, and in none of the 289 patients undergoing colonoscopies. Laryngospasm occurred in 10 (2.1%) of 483 patients undergoing upper endoscopies. Conclusions: In this experience, the use of propofol with concurrent oxygen administration allowed sedations in children with no significant complications for colonoscopies and painful procedures. Complications in the group of upper endoscopies appear too high for recommending propofol in a sedation unit with residents in attendance. This protocol of procedural sedation by nonanesthesiologists allowed a significant increase in the number of procedures performed with sedation and saved anesthesiology resources. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157:1097-1103
Practical Management and Monitoring of Psoriasis Patients on Biologic Therapy: A Survey of Opinion Leaders and Practitioners

Objective To provide practical guidance to dermatologists on how to monitor psoriasis patients on biologic therapies. Design Survey of health care providers on monitoring and vaccination practices in patients on biologic therapies. Participants 21 present and former members of the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation. Results The survey revealed a wide variety of practices, but some general trends emerged. Most of the experts who were surveyed checked screening hematology with all of the drugs and continued to check it every two to six months. CD4+ counts were only checked with alefacept and were generally taken at screening and at least every two weeks. Serum chemistry and liver function monitoring were usually checked at screening and then every two to six months, especially in patients on infliximab. Most of the practitioners surveyed did not check for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) at screening. However, approximately one-third did screen for ANA in patients on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-blocking agents; only a few continued to check it every three to six months. Tuberculosis screening was generally done for patients on all of the biologic therapies, but was almost universally done in patients treated with TNF-blocking drugs. Yearly tuberculin skin testing was continued by approximately two-thirds of the practitioners. Approximately half of respondents gave influenza vaccines to patients on biologic therapy. Conclusions Currently there are no guidelines for the monitoring of patients on biologic therapy and there is a lack of consistency among practitioners. However, medical literature provides a great deal of information on which to base monitoring practices. Monitoring and vaccination practices should vary from patient to patient depending on many factors, so these findings should not be viewed as guidelines.
Emission of chemical substances from solid matrices : A method for consumer exposure assessment

Het RIVM heeft in opdracht van de nieuwe Voedsel en Waren Autoriteit (nVWA) een model ontwikkeld en beschreven waarmee de blootstellingschatting voor stoffen die uit vaste materialen vrijkomen, wordt verbeterd. Een dergelijke methode ontbreekt momenteel voor de blootstellingschatting van stoffen uit consumentenproducten. Het voorgestelde model beoogt vooral de blootstellingschatting voor biociden uit producten die met dergelijke ongediertebestrijdingsmiddelen zijn behandeld ('treated articles') te verbeteren, maar kan veel algemener worden toegepast. Om het model te kunnen gebruiken, zijn gegevens over parameters nodig, zoals de snelheid waarmee de stof zich in het materiaal verplaatst (diffusiecoefficient), de vluchtigheid van de stof uit het materiaal (materiaal lucht partitiecoefficient) en hoe snel het van het oppervlak van het materiaal de lucht in wordt getransporteerd (massatransfercoefficient). Voor deze parameters zijn in de literatuur waarden verzameld. Voor de gevallen waarin gegevens ontbreken, worden methoden voorgesteld om ze te schatten. Van deze methoden is de nauwkeurigheid overigens beperkt. Naast deze gegevens over parameters is een belangrijke voorwaarde voor bruikbaarheid van het model dat de beginconcentratie van de stof in de matrix bekend is. Behalve voor toepassing in de risicobeoordeling voor stoffen en biociden kan het model ook worden gebruikt om gangbare methoden voor blootstellingschattingen, die bijvoorbeeld voor REACH worden gebruikt, te evalueren. Daarnaast kan het worden gebruikt om alternatieve methoden te ontwikkelen waarmee snelle inschattingen kunnen worden gemaakt, zoals die bijvoorbeeld nodig zijn voor REACH. Het model is geimplementeerd in een computerprogramma dat openbaar beschikbaar is (via www.consexpo.nl). Om de bruikbaarheid van de ontwikkelde methode te vergroten, wordt aanbevolen om de database met modelparametergegevens uit te breiden met gegevens over veelvoorkomende stoffen en producten.
The Effectiveness Of Blended Learning Environments

The object of this experimental study is to measure the effectiveness of a blended learning environment which is laid out on the basis of features for face to face and online environments. The study was applied to 110 students who attend to Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey and take Introduction to Computers Course. During the application, students took the lesson face to face, online and blended. Blended learning environment has been designed in the form of online material sharing, forum, exam, text, picture and lesson summaries supported by videos. Following the training, a scale had been applied to the students on the effectiveness of blended learning environment. According to the results of the analysis, a significant difference between students' view in relation with blended learning environment as well as online and face to face learning environments. In their answers, students have expressed that they learn more effectively in a blended learning environment.
The impact of cigarette smoke on cell survival and inflammation in rat lungs : the role of oxidative stress and VEGF/KDR signalling and its implications in COPD

Cigarette smoke is the main etiological factor in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a major component of which is emphysema. Chronic inflammation, driven by both an oxidant and protease imbalance in the lung is hypothesised to play a central role in the development of both COPD and its component emphysema. The discovery that the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and one of its receptors, the kinase insert-domain receptor (KDR) are both reduced in emphysematous lungs has lead to the emergence of a non-inflammatory vascular perspective in the pathogenesis of the disease. VEGF/KDR signalling represents one of the most important signalling systems in the vasculature. It plays an integral role in the development and maintenance of the vasculature, and is critical for the maintenance of the alveolar structures. A decrease in both VEGF and KDR was observed in rat lungs exposed to cigarette smoke as well as disruption to the other components of their signalling complex, neurophilin-1 and gylpican-1. Impaired survival signalling in rat lungs exposed to cigarette smoke was also demonstrated. These changes were mirrored in both smokers and COPD lungs, indicating that these changes may play a role in cigarette smoke induced COPD. Cigarette smoke-triggered inflammation in COPD may be maintained by a mechanism involving enhanced pro-inflammatory gene transcription. The balance between histone acetylation and deacetylation is a key regulator of the specificity and duration of gene
Impaired Functions of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Patients with Hematological Malignancies are Partially Improved by Fibroblast Growth Factor

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess a multi-lineage potential and immunoregulatory activities which provides them a great potential in cell-oriented technologies. However, their biologic properties may be impaired in various pathologies, so approaches to improving the ability of MSCs to expand and express the expected immunoregulatory properties represent one of the challenges for this novel therapy. In the present study, we characterized bone marrow-derived MSC expansion along with their functional properties in patients with hematological malignancies, and designed a strategy of ex vivo pretreatment with the basic fibroblast growth factor (FGFb) to improve MSC activities. Our results demonstrated those patients MSCs are generally consistent with the Minimal criteria proposed by International Society for Cellular Therapy to design MSCs, and, moreover, possess a well-defined ability to maintain hematopoiesis. At the same time MSC growth, immunosuppressive and osteogenic potential are significantly diminished in patients. Nevertheless, MSC generation in FGFb-enriched conditions was accompanied by a decrease of cultivation until confluence, increase in the cell yield and the number of cycling MSCs. In addition, similar to intact MSCs, FGF-treated MSCs exhibited a significant secretory activity but lowered immunosuppressive and osteogenic potential. These data indicate FGFb ability to correct impaired MSC expansion and note FGFb using is feasible to optimize MSC-based protocols in the treatment of some hematological malignancies.
Determinants of condom use among Agaro High School students using behavioral models

Introduction: HIV/AIDS has been spreading in an alarming rate since the beginning of the pandemic. It is estimated that at least half of the infected ones are between 15-24 years. This has called for a concerted effort to save this segment of the population for many reasons. Since the major mode of transmission is heterosexual contact its interventions are focused mainly on the prevention aspect. Condoms remain the integral part of HIV prevention programmes. The prevalence of condom use is low despite all efforts to improve the use of it. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess factors affecting condom use among students of Agaro High School using health behavioral models. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted on 360 students using structured pretested questionnaire in February 2001. Result: Three hundred sixty students responded from the sampled 363 students making a response rate of 99%. Among these, 90(25%) of them had history of sexual intercourse. The average age of sexual debut was 16.74 years. Among those who had previous sexual exposure, 49(54.4%) used condom at least once. Of these, 23(46.9%) were using condom always. Normative belief was found to be a predictor for males. Self-efficacy was found to be associated with intention to use condom among males. Discussion: The result of this research show that parts of models, which are relevant to our socio cultural characteristics as predictors of condom use. The findings of this research also serve as baseline for future large-scale studies. The prospect of incorporating these findings in the process of information education and communication has been discussed. [ Ethiop.J.Health Dev . 2004;18(1):25-30]