Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adelmidrol, a Palmitoylethanolamide Analogue, as a New Pharmacological Treatment for the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Leukocyte infiltration, improved levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and oxidative stress in the colon are the principal factors in inflammatory bowel disease. The goal of the current study was to explore the effects of adelmidrol, an analog of the anti-inflammatory fatty acid amide signaling molecule palmitoylethanolamide, in mice subjected to experimental colitis. Additionally, to clarify whether the protective action of adelmidrol is dependent on the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), we investigated the effects of a PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, on adelmidrol action. Adelmidrol (10 mg/kg daily, o.s.) was tested in a murine experimental model of colitis induced by intracolonic administration of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Nuclear factor-κB translocation, cyclooxygenase-2, and phosphoextracellular signal-regulated kinase, as well as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, were significantly increased in colon tissues after dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid administration. Immunohistochemical staining for ICAM-1, P-selectin, nitrotyrosine, and poly(ADP)ribose showed a positive staining in the inflamed colon. Treatment with adelmidrol decreased diarrhea, body weight loss, and myeloperoxidase activity. Adelmidrol treatment, moreover, reduced nuclear factor-κB translocation, cyclooxygenase-2, and phosphoextracellular signal-regulated kinase expression; proinflammatory cytokine release; and the incidence of nitrotyrosine and poly(ADP)ribose in the colon. It also decreased the upregulation of ICAM-1 and P-selectin. Adelmidrol treatment produced a reduction of Bax and an intensification of Bcl-2 expression. This study clearly demonstrates that adelmidrol exerts important anti-inflammatory effects that are partly dependent on PPARγ, suggesting that this molecule may represent a new pharmacologic approach for inflammatory bowel disease treatment.
Changes in Schizophrenic Psychopathology and Ward Behaviour as a Function of Phenothiazine Treatment

Although the efficacy of chlorpromazine and other phenothiazine derivatives in the treatment of schizophrenic psychotic reactions has been established for almost a decade, there remain differences of opinion regarding which symptoms and behaviours are affected favourably by psychopharmacologic treatment. By and large, the phenothiazines have been characterized as “ataractics” or “tranquillizers”, the implication being that their predominant action is to calm excited patients by relieving the patient's anxiety or other forms of psychic distress. However, clinical experience increasingly asserts that the phenothiazines influence many manifestations of schizophrenic patients other than anxiety and excitement, including symptoms such as incoherent thought and apathy.
Canine dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of signalment, presentation and clinical findings in 369 cases.

OBJECTIVE To review the clinical and diagnostic findings and survival of dilated cardiomyopathy from a large population of dogs in England. METHODS A retrospective study of the case records of dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy collected between January 1993 and May 2006. RESULTS There were 369 dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy of which all were pure-bred dogs except for four. The most commonly affected breeds were dobermanns and boxers. Over 95 per cent of dogs weighed more than 15 kg and 73 per cent were male. The median duration of signs before referral was three weeks with 65 per cent presenting in stage 3 heart failure. The most common signs were breathlessness (67 per cent) and coughing (64 per cent). The majority of dogs (89 per cent) had an arrhythmia at presentation and 74 per cent of dogs had radiographic signs of pulmonary oedema or pleural effusion. The median survival time was 19 weeks. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dilated cardiomyopathy occurs primarily in medium to large breed pure-bred dogs, and males are more frequently affected than females. The duration of clinical signs before referral is often short and the survival times are poor. Greater awareness of affected breeds, clinical signs and diagnostic findings may help in early recognition of this disease which often has a short clinical phase.
Data quality improvement in general practice.

BACKGROUND The importance of routine data generated by GPs has grown extensively in the last decade. These data have found many applications other than patient care. More attention has therefore been given to the issue of data quality. Several systematic reviews have detected ample space for improvement of data quality. A new review was conducted in order to find out which methods of improvement are effective. METHOD The Medline database was searched using an iteratively composed set of terms and MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) headings. Only papers that focused on explicit attempts at improving data quality of medical records in general practice were included. RESULTS Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. No study used patient-based comparison of records with external sources as the method to assess data quality improvement. Ten studies used internal indicators or markers of data quality instead. Attempts at data quality improvement often involve some sort of individualized feedback, and nearly all attempts seem to have some positive effect. Only one of the included studies fulfilled the basic methodological requirements of an intervention study. The most recent studies used a simple before-after design. CONCLUSION No intervention to improve data quality has been put to a rigorous enough test. We still lack empirical knowledge as to how improvement can be brought about.
Factors associated with the severity of fatal accidents in construction workers

Background: Construction work (building houses, roads, workplaces, and repairing and maintaining infrastructures) is a dangerous land-based job. This includes many hazardous tasks and conditions such as working at the following conditions: Height, excavation, noise, dust, power tools and equipment. Construction work has been increased in developed and underdeveloped countries over the past few years. Occupational fatalities have increased with an increase in this type of work. Occupational fatalities refer to individuals who pass way while on the job or performing work related tasks. In the present study, to identify the factors, personal characteristics and work-related factors associated with fatal occupational mortality were assessed using data for Tehran, Iran, 2014-2016. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study, using 967 postmortem reports from fatal occupational injuries collected through postmortem investigations during 2014-2016. A sampling frame of 967 postmortem reports from fatal occupational injuries was used to draw a total sample of 714 fatal construction accidents for this cross-sectional study. Pearson χ2 test and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Based on the results of this study, male gender (n=714; 100%), age range of 30-39 years (n=183; 25.6%), secondary educational level (n=273; 38.2%), being married (317; 44.4%), causal employee (n=389; 54.5%), unskilled performance (389; 54.5%), no insurance coverage (472; 66.1%), and daytime duty work (287; 40.2%) were identified as risk factors for fatality in the event of construction fatal injury. A significant relationship was found between the type of injury and sociodemographic and work related variables. Conclusion: Workers’ characteristics such as age, gender, experience, and educational background, and work related variables such as skill training, safety measurement, and close monitoring could be used to discriminate among different severity levels of occupational fatal accidents.
A Dominant STIM1 Mutation Causes Stormorken Syndrome

Stormorken syndrome is a rare autosomal‐dominant disease with mild bleeding tendency, thrombocytopathy, thrombocytopenia, mild anemia, asplenia, tubular aggregate myopathy, miosis, headache, and ichthyosis. A heterozygous missense mutation in STIM1 exon 7 (c.910C>T; p.Arg304Trp) (NM_003156.3) was found to segregate with the disease in six Stormorken syndrome patients in four families. Upon sensing Ca2+ depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, STIM1 undergoes a conformational change enabling it to interact with and open ORAI1, a Ca2+ release‐activated Ca2+ channel located in the plasma membrane. The STIM1 mutation found in Stormorken syndrome patients is located in the coiled‐coil 1 domain, which might play a role in keeping STIM1 inactive. In agreement with a possible gain‐of‐function mutation in STIM1, blood platelets from patients were in a preactivated state with high exposure of aminophospholipids on the outer surface of the plasma membrane. Resting Ca2+ levels were elevated in platelets from the patients compared with controls, and store‐operated Ca2+ entry was markedly attenuated, further supporting constitutive activity of STIM1 and ORAI1. Thus, our data are compatible with a near‐maximal activation of STIM1 in Stormorken syndrome patients. We conclude that the heterozygous mutation c.910C>T causes the complex phenotype that defines this syndrome.
Landuse legacies and small streams: identifying relationships between historical land use and contemporary stream conditions

Abstract The concept of landscape legacies has been examined extensively in terrestrial ecosystems and has led to a greater understanding of contemporary ecosystem processes. However, although stream ecosystems are tightly coupled with their catchments and, thus, probably are affected strongly by historical catchment conditions, few studies have directly examined the importance of landuse legacies on streams. We examined relationships between historical land use (1944) and contemporary (2000–2003) stream physical, chemical, and biological conditions after accounting for the influences of contemporary land use (1999) and natural landscape (catchment size) variation in 12 small streams at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. Most stream variables showed strong relationships with contemporary land use and catchment size; however, after accounting for these factors, residual variation in many variables remained significantly related to historical land use. Residual variation in benthic particulate organic matter, diatom density, % of diatoms in Eunotia spp. , fish density in runs, and whole-stream gross primary productivity correlated negatively, whereas streamwater pH correlated positively, with residual variation in fraction of disturbed land in catchments in 1944 (i.e., bare ground and unpaved road cover). Residual variation in % recovering land (i.e., early successional vegetation) in 1944 was correlated positively with residual variation in streambed instability, a macroinvertebrate biotic index, and fish richness, but correlated negatively with residual variation in most benthic macroinvertebrate metrics examined (e.g., Chironomidae and total richness, Shannon diversity). In contrast, residual variation in whole-stream respiration rates was not explained by historical land use. Our results suggest that historical land use continues to influence important physical and chemical variables in these streams, and in turn, probably influences associated biota. Beyond providing insight into biotic interactions and their associations with environmental conditions, identification of landuse legacies also will improve understanding of stream impairment in contemporary minimally disturbed catchments, enabling more accurate assessment of reference conditions in studies of biotic integrity and restoration.
Do Drug Transporter (ABCB1) SNPs Influence Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus Dose Requirements and Renal Allograft Outcome in the Posttransplantation Period?

Polymorphisms in the drug transporter gene (ABCB1) may play a significant role in individualizing cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac) dosage and subsequently the allograft outcome in renal transplant recipients. In total, 225 recipients on CsA and 75 on Tac‐based immunosuppression regimen were recruited, and 6 common polymorphic sites in the ABCB1 gene were analyzed for association with dose‐adjusted levels of CsA/Tac. Furthermore, association of ABCB1 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with allograft outcome was examined. GG and CC genotype patients at ABCB1 2677G>T and ABCB1 3435C>T were associated with lower dose‐adjusted levels of CsA and Tac at 1 month (P = .057, P = .034), 3 months (P = .001, P = .015), and 6 months (P = .043) posttransplantation. Wild‐type patients at 1236C>T (log P = .025) and 2677G>T (log P = .002) in CsA and 2677G>T (log P = .008) and 3435C>T (log P = .015) in Tac therapy patients demonstrated lower mean time to allograft rejection. No influence of ABCB1 haplotypes on CsA/Tac dose‐adjusted levels was observed. Wild‐type patients at ABCB1 2677G>T and 3435C>T were associated with lower dose‐adjusted levels and thereby were at increased risk of allograft rejection because of under‐immunosuppression in the early part of posttransplantation. Thus, genetic evaluation may be helpful to identify patients at risk for allograft rejection and also to individualize immunosuppressant dosing.
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities: implications from the outcome for couples with chromosomal rearrangements

Chromosomal rearrangements can lead to infertility or repeated spontaneous or induced abortions. The use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) allows the selected transfer of chromosomally balanced embryos. The aim of this study was to carry out detailed analysis of the outcome of 11 PGD cycles for 8 patients carrying various chromosomal rearrangements.
A Comparative Study of Depressive Episode in Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder

Distinguishing between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder is important because there are differences in the optimal management of these conditions. Antidepressant treatment of bipolar depression (BPD) can adversely affect long-term prognosis by causing destabilisation of mood and more frequent depressive episodes, and can lead to the development of treatment resistance. Most people with bipolar disorder experience depression rather than mania as their first episode of illness. It is clinically desirable to recognise, or at least to suspect, bipolar depression at an early stage of a bipolar illness. OBJECTIVE : Comparison of depressive episode in major depressive disorder and bipolar affective disorder in a tertiary care general hospital, psychiatry unit. METHOD : 80 cases of unipolar depression and 54 cases of bipolar depression were compared on the basis of socio-demographic profile, family history of mood disorder and clinical features using Semi structured questionnaire for socio-demographic profile and validated Bengali version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS : Bipolar depression is characterized by early age of onset, more number of previous episodes, positive family history, more severe in nature associated with prominent features of guilt feeling, self dislike, self accusation, suicidal ideas, irritability, social withdrawal, fatigability and loss of libido. Major depressive disorder shows female preponderance, more number of stressful life events before episodes. Body image change, insomnia, anorexia, weight loss, somatic pre-occupation are more in unipolar depression.
The trochanteric gamma nail versus the dynamic hip screw: a prospective randomised study. One-year follow-up of 146 intertrochanteric fractures.

In a prospective, randomized trial we compared the trochanteric gamma nail (TGN) and the dynamic hip screw (DHS) in the treatment of 146 intertrochanteric fractures. Follow-up was after four and 12 months. The operation time was significantly shorter in the DHS group. At discharge the need for walking aids was less in the DHS group. There were no differences in intraoperative blood loss, medical complications, mortality or length of hospital stay. Major fracture complications occurred twiceas often in the TGN group compared with the DHS group, however they were not statistically significant. Any potential for the TGN leading to a less invasive procedure and a more rapid postoperative mobilisation could not be demonstrated. Compared with the TGN we prefer the DHS for most intertrochanteric fractures in a setting where the majority of these fractures are treated by younger doctors and not by highly specialized hip/trauma surgeons. The TGN may have advantages in selected intertrochanteric fractures. ;
A 60–110 GHz Transmission-Line Integrated SPDT Switch in 90 nm CMOS Technology

This letter demonstrates a fully integrated transmit/receive single-pole-double-throw switch in standard bulk 90 nm CMOS process. This switch is based on the transmission-line integrated approach that reduces the effect of parasitic capacitance of transistors in the desired band, and this approach can achieve good isolation and return loss with fewer stages of transistors and broad bandwidth. The switch provides an insertion loss of 3-4 dB and a return loss better than 10 dB in 60-110 GHz. The measured isolation is better than 25 dB. The measured 1 dB compression point of input power is 10.5 dBm at 75 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first CMOS switch operating beyond 100 GHz.
Informality and Long‐Run Growth

One of the most salient features of developing economies is the existence of a large informal sector. This paper uses quantitative theory to study the dynamic implications of informality on wage inequality, human capital accumulation, child labor and long-run growth. Our model can generate transitory informality equilibria or informality-induced poverty traps. Its calibration reveals that the case for the poverty-trap hypothesis is strong: although informality serves to protect low-skilled workers from extreme poverty in the short-run, it prevents income convergence between developed and developing nations in the long run. Sudden elimination of informality would induce severe welfare losses for several generations on the transition path. Hence, we examine the effectiveness of different development policies to exit the poverty trap. Our numerical experiments show that using means-tested education subsidies is the most cost-effective single policy option. However, for longer time horizons, or as the economy gets closer to the poverty trap threshold, combining means-tested education and wage subsidies is even more effective.
Anatomical Disruption and Length-Tension Dysfunction of Anal Sphincter Complex Muscles in Women with Fecal Incontinence

BACKGROUND: Anal sphincter complex muscles, the internal anal sphincter, external anal sphincter, and puborectalis muscles, play an important role in the anal continence mechanism. Patients with symptoms of fecal incontinence have weak anal sphincter complex muscles; however, their length-tension properties and relationship to anatomical disruption have never been studied. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the anatomy of the anal sphincter complex muscles with the use of a 3-dimensional ultrasound imaging system and to determine the relationship between the anatomical defects and the length-tension property of external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscles in women with incontinence symptoms and in control subjects. DESIGN: Severity of anal sphincter muscle damage was determined by static and dynamic 3-dimensional ultrasound imaging. The length-tension property was determined by anal and vaginal pressure with the use of custom-designed probes. PATIENTS: Forty-four asymptomatic controls and 24 incontinent patients participated in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The anatomical defects and length-tension dysfunction of anal sphincter complex muscles in patients with fecal incontinence were evaluated. RESULTS: The prevalence of injury to sphincter muscles is significantly greater in the incontinent patients than in the controls. Eighty-five percent of patients but only 9% controls reveal damage to ≥2 of the 3 muscles of the anal sphincter complex. Anal and vaginal squeeze pressures increased with the increase in the probe size (length-tension curve) in the majority of controls. In patients, the increase in anal and vaginal squeeze pressures was either significantly smaller than in controls or it decreased with the increasing probe size (abnormal length-tension). LIMITATIONS: We studied patients with severe symptoms. Whether our findings are applicable to patients with mild to moderate symptoms remains to be determined. CONCLUSIONS: The length-tension property of the external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscles is significantly impaired in incontinent patients. Our findings have therapeutic implications for the treatment of anal incontinence.
Investigating Work Conditions and Burnout at Three Hierarchical Levels

Objective: To investigate the differences and the association between work conditions and symptoms of burnout at the three hierarchical levels: subordinates, first-line managers, and middle managers. Methods: Analyses were based on questionnaire data from 4096 employees in nine organizations, containing three hierarchical levels: subordinates (n = 3659), first-line managers (n = 345), and middle managers (n = 92). Results: Work conditions were found to differ between the three hierarchical levels, mostly between subordinates and managers. Managers experienced fewer symptoms of burnout than subordinates. Furthermore, the association between work conditions and burnout differed for subordinates, first-line managers, and middle managers. Conclusions: Occupational health research needs to focus more on differences between hierarchical levels regarding work conditions and burnout.
On the modelling of biological effects on morphology in estuaries and seas

Morphological modelling aims to explain and predict the changes in rivers, seas and estuaries due to these interaction. In recent history, a lot of progress has been made, especially with stability analysis approaches. However, so far only the physical interactions have been taken into account. It is known however, that biological factors are important to the dynamics of the water systems. In this paper a first step is made in the inclusion of biology into the morphodynamic models. This inclusion is based on the effect that benthic organisms have on the erodibility of the bed. This can easily be included by a change of the critical bed shear stress. These changes in the critical bed shear stress then influence the morphology. This idea has been applied to two cases. The results of the first case indicate that this approach can reproduce the influence of benthic organisms on the mud content of the bed in estuaries. The second case shows that even low numbers of organisms can influence the characteristics of large bed forms.