Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Nonequilibrium During Unsaturated Water Flow

Traditionally, the water retention characteristic is measured under equilibrium or steady-state flow conditions, and it is assumed that the so-determined properties can be used to model transient water flow under field conditions. However, comparison of retention data obtained with the conventional method and using transient methods indicate the presence of “dynamic effects” which show up as differences between static and dynamic hydraulic functions. This paper reviews previous evidence of dynamic effects, illustrates the presence of dynamic effects during a multistep outflow/inflow experiment, and discusses an experiment specifically designed to quantify dynamic effects. Finally, a comparison of simulations with the classical Richards model and a two-phase flow model show that dynamic effects are to a considerable part caused by non-negligible resistances of air flow. INTRODUCTION Hydraulic properties of porous media are generally assumed to be of a static nature, i.e., to depend only on the distribution and geometric arrangement of pores in the porous medium and on the wetting/drying history (hysteresis), provided the solid matrix is rigid, fluid properties are constant, and external conditions do not change with time. This implies that the relationship between water content, θ, and matric potential, ψ, during monotonous draining or imbibition processes is not affected by the dynamics of water flow, and that θ (ψ) is expressed by a unique characteristic. Traditionally, the water retention characteristic is measured in the laboratory under equilibrium conditions, and it is generally assumed that the so-determined properties can be used to model transient water flow under field conditions. However, comparison of drainage retention data obtained with dynamic methods and using the conventional approach indicate that more water will be held at a given suction in the dynamic case. According to Klute [1986], "the reasons for and implication of this observation continue to be a subject of investigation. " If dynamic nonequilibrium occurs between the water content and the water potential during transient water flow, the presently used standard simulation technique for describing saturated/unsaturated flow cannot be reliably applied under transient flow conditions. The aim of this paper is to investigate dynamic effects during transient flow experiments, which are generally used to identify hydraulic parameters by inverse simulation. Contrary to most investigations in the past, we use undisturbed columns and
Web-network Social Capital: Exploring Network Actions and Benefits for Online News Community Members

This research introduces a new measure of social capital for users of online news communities by applying social capital concepts used to measure networks in real-world communities. “Web-network” social capital measures the strength of ties created online for the benefit of engagement that is non-local. Using the concept of the “networked individual” as a theoretical tool, this research sampled users of news sites that offered online community forums for comment. The results show that traditional social capital measures rooted in local community increase both local forms of engagement and engagement in causes that are more national than local. 뀀ഀȠ뀀ഀȠ 뀀ഀȠ Work regarding civic ties and engagement by researchers such as Putnam (2000) tends to look at people's relationships with others in the community, in conjunction with media variables such as news use, as a predictor of their civic behavior both in their hometown and nationally. Others have looked at how online community joining has increased the tendency to participate in one’s own local community (Norris, 2002). This research attempts to study those two concepts together more explicitly by examining the growing trend of news sites that offer online forums for community conversation and are built around niches (whether they be local geography or topics of interest). Despite concerns scholars have voiced about the potentially isolating effects of heavy Web use (Ng & Wiemer-Hastings, 2005; Becker & Mark, 1999), the ease of joining online communities has led to people being engaged in places far away with those they’ve never met as the Web has evolved to include more social and networked forms of communication, particularly on news sites that cater to niche interests. At the center of this divergence is the question of how and when the use of social networks online isolates users, enhances offline actions, or represents a new type of engagement. Recent research on Americans’ Internet use from the USC Annenberg School for Communication뀀ഀȠadds뀀ഀȠto뀀ഀȠthe뀀ഀȠpicture. 뀀ഀȠIn 2013, about 62% of Americans
Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Stellar Population Analysis of Galaxies

The cuckoo search algorithm (CS) is a simple and effective global optimization algorithm. It has been applied to solve a wide range of real-world optimization problem. In this paper, an improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm (ICS) is presented for determining the age and relative contribution of different stellar populations in galaxies. The results indicate that the proposed method performs better than, or at least comparable to state-of- the-art method from literature when considering the quality of the solutions obtained. The proposed algorithm will be applied to integrated color of galaxy NGC 3384. Simulation results further demonstrate the proposed method is very effective. The study revealed that cuckoo search can successfully be applied to a wide range of stellar population and space optimization problems.
The management accounting vocational fallacy

Rapid changes in highly competitive economic environments have created the need for sound financial management in organisations. In order to source sufficient numbers of skilled financial managers, specialised career guidance should be high on the agenda of educational and labour policy makers. While the chartered management accountant (CMA) enjoys international status, not many studies have been conducted to measure South African students’ and accounting teachers’ awareness of the CMA designation. This article reports on the results of first-year accounting students’ perceptions of a career in management accounting as well as on the career guidance they received on how to become a CMA. It also reports on accounting teachers’ awareness of the management accounting designation. This study found that first-year accounting students and accounting teachers do not possess sufficient knowledge of the career opportunities in the management accounting field and of the route to follow on how to become a CMA. Recommendations are made for tertiary institutions and professional bodies to alleviate this information gap by distributing brochures and posters to accounting and career guidance teachers and by providing information sessions to them as well as to first-year accounting students on career opportunities in the management accounting field.
THE IMPACT OF FUNDING SOURCES, OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE, DIVERSIFICATION AND EXTERNAL FACTORS ON DIVIDEND, INVESTMENT, AND FIRM VALUE

This research was motivated to reexamine; a) debate the superiority of dividends and investment in creating firm value, and b) the factors that affect the dividend, investment, firm value. This study examines the firm that has been listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2004 until 2008. The results of this study found indications of dividends and investment are factors that can increase the value of the firm, although such dividends to be superior compared with investments in companies in creating value.
Periodismo especializado en medio ambiente: el caso Doñana como paradigma de manipulación informativa

Este articulo es parte de una tesis doctoral titulada "Flujos de informacion entre cientificos y prensa" en la que, entre otros asuntos, se aborda la manipulacion politica de la informacion cientifica. En esta tesis se utilizo la metodologia de investigacion participativa, que implico, entre otras circunstancias, que quien suscribe este articulo estuviera seis meses en el gabinete de prensa del CSIC como becario para investigar a fondo como se gestiona la informacion desde un gabinete de prensa gubernamental. En el articulo se demuestra la gran influencia de los gabinetes de comunicacion en la prensa espanola. Tambien se analiza como se manipula el mensaje y como se seleccionan las fuentes para someter los criterios cientificos a los politicos. Para demostrar esta hipotesis se han estudiado todas las informaciones que aparecieron sobre el desastre ecologico de Donana en la prensa de tirada nacional desde abril hasta julio de 1998. Se han relacionado las diferentes actuaciones del gabinete con la teoria general de la gestion de crisis informativas.
Composantes de l'adaptation à une altération des distances apparentes par modification de la demande en vergence

De nombreuses situations modifient les coordinations sensorimotrices (e.g., croissance, pathologie, interfaces optiques ou mecaniques). Le systeme nerveux doit alors s’adapter afin de preserver la precision de ses interactions avec l’environnement. Si l’adaptation visuomotrice a une alteration de la direction visuelle par prismes lateraux a ete largement etudiee, les mecanismes de l’adaptation visuomotrice a une alteration des distances apparentes sont en revanche peu connus. Ce travail regroupe une serie d’etudes de psychophysique explorant les mecanismes de l’adaptation visuomotrice a une alteration des distances apparentes, lors d’une exposition a court terme dans l’espace de prehension. L’alteration des distances apparentes a ete realisee par modification de la vergence a l’aide de prismes a bases externes. La manipulation des retours visuels a permis de mettre en evidence trois niveaux d’adaptation. Le premier niveau concerne la modification des distances percues liee a l’augmentation de la vergence tonique. Cette modification resulte de la potentiation musculaire extra-oculaire (EMP) induite par une convergence soutenue. Le second niveau implique la recalibration du signal altere de distance derive de la vergence par les signaux proprioceptivo-moteurs du membre superieur expose. Le troisieme niveau resulte d’une reorganisation des commandes motrices du membre expose. Aucune adaptation proprioceptive du membre expose n’a ete retrouvee. La nature des composantes adaptatives a une alteration des distances apparentes differe de celle classiquement decrite pour l’alteration de la direction visuelle impliquant essentiellement des composantes proprioceptive et motrice. La contribution des composantes adaptatives sensorielles est determinee par la precision respective de la localisation spatiale fondee sur la vision et sur la proprioception, qui differe en lateral et en profondeur. D’autre part, les aspects geometriques de la perception des distances fondee sur la vergence ont ete explores par comparaison de l’adaptation visuelle aux prismes a bases externes (augmentant la demande en vergence d’un angle constant pour toutes les distances de fixation) et au telestereoscope (multipliant la demande en vergence pour toutes les distances de fixation). Quel que soit le dispositif optique utilise, l’adaptation visuelle a consiste en un effet consecutif ne dependant pas de la distance d’observation, contrairement aux resultats predits sur la base du signal de vergence.
The effect of sea ice loss on sea salt aerosol concentrations and the radiative balance in the Arctic

Understanding Arctic climate change requires knowledge of both the external and the local drivers of Arc- tic climate as well as local feedbacks within the system. An Arctic feedback mechanism relating changes in sea ice ex- tent to an alteration of the emission of sea salt aerosol and the consequent change in radiative balance is examined. A set of idealized climate model simulations were performed to quantify the radiative effects of changes in sea salt aerosol emissions induced by prescribed changes in sea ice extent. The model was forced using sea ice concentrations consis- tent with present day conditions and projections of sea ice extent for 2100. Sea salt aerosol emissions increase in re- sponse to a decrease in sea ice, the model results showing an annual average increase in number emission over the po- lar cap (70-90 N) of 86◊ 10 6 m 2 s 1 (mass emission in- crease of 23 µg m 2 s 1 ). This in turn leads to an increase in the natural aerosol optical depth of approximately 23%. In response to changes in aerosol optical depth, the natural component of the aerosol direct forcing over the Arctic po- lar cap is estimated to be between 0.2 and 0.4 W m 2 for the summer months, which results in a negative feedback on the system. The model predicts that the change in first in- direct aerosol effect (cloud albedo effect) is approximately a factor of ten greater than the change in direct aerosol forcing although this result is highly uncertain due to the crude rep- resentation of Arctic clouds and aerosol-cloud interactions in the model. This study shows that both the natural aerosol di- rect and first indirect effects are strongly dependent on the
Tropical temperature variability and Kelvin-wave activity in the UTLS from GPS RO measurements

Abstract. Tropical temperature variability over 10–30 km and associated Kelvin-wave activity are investigated using GPS radio occultation (RO) data from January 2002 to December 2014. RO data are a powerful tool for quantifying tropical temperature oscillations with short vertical wavelengths due to their high vertical resolution and high accuracy and precision. Gridded temperatures from GPS RO show the strongest variability in the tropical tropopause region (on average 3 K2). Large-scale zonal variability is dominated by transient sub-seasonal waves (2 K2), and about half of sub-seasonal variance is explained by eastward-traveling Kelvin waves with periods of 4 to 30 days (1 K2). Quasi-stationary waves associated with the annual cycle and interannual variability contribute about a third (1 K2) to total resolved zonal variance. Sub-seasonal waves, including Kelvin waves, are highly transient in time. Above 20 km, Kelvin waves are strongly modulated by the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in stratospheric zonal winds, with enhanced wave activity during the westerly shear phase of the QBO. In the tropical tropopause region, however, peaks of Kelvin-wave activity are irregularly distributed in time. Several peaks coincide with maxima of zonal variance in tropospheric deep convection, but other episodes are not evidently related. Further investigations of convective forcing and atmospheric background conditions are needed to better understand variability near the tropopause.
Can Benefits and Work Incentives Counseling Be a Path to Future Economic Self-Sufficiency for SSI/SSDI Beneficiaries?

In this paper, we estimate the effect of benefits and work incentives counseling services on labor market outcomes of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) beneficiaries participating in the vocational rehabilitation (VR) programs in the period between 2003 and 2009 in New York State. By explicitly controlling for non-random selection of beneficiaries into the services using the propensity score matching and instrumental variable methods, the paper contributes to the literature by providing more precise estimates of causal relationships between benefits and work incentives counseling services and several labor market outcomes of beneficiaries. We find that the effect of benefits and work incentives counseling on the probability of successful case closure can be positive, but in certain cases is not statistically significant. At the same time, the estimates of the effects of benefits and work incentives counseling on earnings and working hours at closure are positive and substantial in magnitude. The provision of benefits and work incentives counseling can be considered as a first and important step toward achieving financial independence for the large group of SSI/SSDI beneficiaries with strong employment goals.
Adaptive Malleability of Memory: Involuntary Memory in Executing Interpersonal Self-Deception

Extending earlier work on the function of memory in executing self-deception, we hypothesized that involuntary conscious memory was temporarily lost or distorted to help the deceiver keep truthful information away from both self and others, whereas unconscious memory remained intact. In two experiments, participants were instructed to deceive a high- or low-status target by concealing previously studied words. Results showed that involuntary conscious memory but not voluntary conscious memory or unconscious memory of the participants differed between the two conditions of deception and nondeception, when the deceiving target was a high- compared to low-status person. This study pinpoints the involuntary conscious memory among the memory components in executing self-deception and supports the adaptive malleability of memory.
How Do Innovative Banking Channels Reduce Costs in Downscaling?

This paper analyzes and quantifies cost structures of agent-assisted banking beyond branches channels (ABCs) and compares them to the costs of branch channels. This addresses a gap in the existing literature. The qualitative review finds that ABCs maximize the proportion of variable costs that depend on realized transactions, which match revenue flows. ABCs reduce investment and operating costs, since existing agent business infrastructure is enhanced and shared. In the context of downscaling, ABCs bridge the major barrier for commercial banks: the expensive last mile to the customer. The quantitative review finds that POS / PC terminal-based ABCs reduce transactional costs to 58 percent of branch channel costs and mobile-based ABCs to 15 percent. Apart from analysis and quantification of cost structures, this paper develops a comprehensive definition of ABCs. Likewise, downscaling is defined; the two research fields are linked and investigated from a commercial banking perspective. This addresses gaps in the existing literature.
World Trade in Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture Products: Policy Issues for Australia

The growing environmental, health and ethical concerns associated with chemicalintensive and genetically modified food and agriculture have enhanced the importance of sustainable agriculture. This paper addresses the market failure associated with conventional and sustainable agriculture. Data on several indicators reflect that Australia is lagging behind many European countries in developing sustainable agriculture. This paper argues that Australia should reposition and promote itself as an 'eco-nation' with a strong emphasis on sustainable technologies. This paper also proposes several policies relevant for Australia in increasing production, consumption and trade in this growth sector. JEL Classification Code: Q01, Q17, Q28 and O13.
L'hypogée néolithique de Loisy-en-Brie (Marne), lieu-dit Les Gouttes-d'Or

Cet article est le premier d'une serie consacree a un type d'architecture funeraire troglodyte particulier : l'hypogee. Situe en Champagne il a ete date par C14 de 3690 ± 100 ans. Sont particulierement exposees ici la structure du monument, les inhumations et son utilisation. La seconde partie de l'article dresse l'inventaire du mobilier mis au jour
Foreign Job Opportunities and Internal Migration in Vietnam

This paper investigates the role of employment opportunities created by foreign-owned firms as a determinant of internal migration and destination choice using the Vietnam Migration Survey 2004 and the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey 2004. Multinomial logit and conditional logit models are estimated to study both origin and destination-specific characteristics of migrants. The paper finds that the migration response to foreign job opportunities is larger for female workers than male workers; there appears to be intermediate selection in terms of educational attainment; and migrating individuals on average tend to go to destinations with higher foreign employment opportunities, even controlling for income differentials, land differentials, and distances between sending and receiving areas.
Influence of Atomic Layer Deposition Temperatures on TiO2/n-Si MOS Capacitor

This paper reports on the influence of deposition temperature on the structure, composition, and electrical properties of TiO2 thin filmsdepositedonn-typesilicon(100)byplasma-assisted atomiclayerdeposition(PA-ALD). TiO2 layers ∼20nmthick,depositedat temperatures ranging from 100 to 300◦C, were investigated. Samples deposited at 200◦C and 250◦C had the most uniform coverage as determined by atomic force microscopy. The average carbon concentration throughout the oxide layer and at the TiO2/Si interface was lowest at 200 ◦ C. Metal oxide semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) were fabricated, and profiled by capacitance-voltage techniques. The sample prepared at 200 ◦ C had negligible hysteresis (from a capacitance-voltage plot) and the lowest interface trap density (as extracted using the conductance method). Current-voltage measurements were carried out with top-to-bottom structures. At −2 V gate bias voltage, the smallest leakage current was 1.22 × 10 −5 A/cm 2 for the 100 ◦ C deposited sample.
Isolation and Characterization of Methane-utilizing Yeasts

SUMMARY: Five yeast strains capable of utilizing CH4 as the sole energy source for growth have been isolated using selective enrichments for methanotrophic micro-organisms. One of the pure cultures was selected for single-cell isolations and antibiotic screening to verify more rigorously the purity of the methanotrophic yeast cultures. Examination of the ultrastructure of this isolate confirmed its eukaryotic nature. The rates of CH4 oxidation by the isolates were determined by assaying whole cell suspensions for CH4-dependent oxygen consumption in an oxygen electrode and by measuring the conversion of 14CH4 to 14CO2 and incorporation of 14C into cellular material by whole cells. Characterization of the isolates suggests that four different species of yeast have been obtained that are capable of utilizing CH4
Innovation and Digital Marketing Adoption in Mexican Small Business

Today, companies are under enormous pressure to innovate (Steinhoff & Trommosdorff, 2013) due to rapid technological evolution, reduced product life cycles and globalized markets (Rovira & Tolstoy, 2016), coupled with the fact that the user is increasingly interactive with digital media, which emphasizes the fact that companies must have presence on the web to be able to cope with the current environment. The main objective of the present study is to investigate how innovation in products, processes, marketing and organization generates opportunities for efficient marketing of companies, transforming it into digital marketing. The present study was carried out in a sample of 256 companies in the state of Aguascalientes (Mexico) using the technique of structural equations modeling (SEM), where the results show positive and significant effects of the innovation on the adoption of digital marketing.
A Third Multiallelic Mating-type Locus in Physarum polycephalum

SUMMARY: Sexual development (crossing) in Physarum polycephalum occurs when two haploid amoebae fuse to form a diploid plasmodium. The imz locus influences the maximum pH at which crossing can occur. A new allele of imz has been identified, bringing the total number of alleles to three. Contrary to earlier findings, it has been shown that all homoallelic combinations of imz alleles display a similar pH limit for crossing, which is lower than that for imz-heteroallelic combinations. It is concluded that imz is a mating compatibility locus; thus the mating-type system of P. polycephalum comprises three multiallelic loci: matA, matB and imz. It is proposed that imz be renamed matC.