Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feruloylation and structure of arabinoxylan in wheat endosperm cell walls from RNAi lines with suppression of genes responsible for backbone synthesis and decoration

Summary Arabinoxylan (AX) is the major component of the cell walls of wheat grain (70% in starchy endosperm), is an important determinant of end‐use qualities affecting food processing, use for animal feed and distilling and is a major source of dietary fibre in the human diet. AX is a heterogeneous polysaccharide composed of fractions which can be sequentially extracted by water (WE‐AX), then xylanase action (XE‐AX) leaving an unextractable (XU‐AX) fraction. We determined arabinosylation and feruloylation of AX in these fractions in both wild‐type wheat and RNAi lines with decreased AX content (TaGT43_2 RNAi, TaGT47_2 RNAi) or decreased arabinose 3‐linked to mono‐substituted xylose (TaXAT1 RNAi). We show that these fractions are characterized by the degree of feruloylation of AX, <5, 5–7 and 13–19 mg bound ferulate (g−1 AX), and their content of diferulates (diFA), <0.3, 1–1.7 and 4–5 mg (g−1 AX), for the WE, XE and XU fractions, respectively, in all RNAi lines and their control lines. The amount of AX and its degree of arabinosylation and feruloylation were less affected by RNAi transgenes in the XE‐AX fraction than in the WE‐AX fraction and largely unaffected in the XU‐AX fraction. As the majority of diFA is associated with the XU‐AX fraction, there was only a small effect (TaGT43_2 RNAi, TaGT47_2 RNAi) or no effect (TaXAT1 RNAi) on total diFA content. Our results are compatible with a model where, to maintain cell wall function, diFA is maintained at stable levels when other AX properties are altered.
What You Can Do to Inhibit Business Process Standardization

Business process standardization (BPS) has recently got into focus of the BPM literature as a methodology to substantially enable efficiency potentials and therefore improve process performance. So far, the BPS literature has exclusively focused on success factors for BPS and relevant capabilities. By contrast, inhibiting factors have not been sufficiently considered, yet, but success factors respectively enablers and inhibitors are not simply the opposites. The objective of this paper is to identify factors which inhibit BPS and to deduce management actions which help successfully standardize processes. To answer this question, we study the case of an international process standardization project in a global maintenance company. We derive a set of inhibiting factors for BPS. Thereby, some of these inhibitors have to be considered for any organizational change project while others are BPS specific. The specific inhibitors are analyzed in detail and discussed by mirroring them to non-BP standardization research.
Debt Maturity and Firm Performance: A Panel Study of Indian Companies

Economic policy makers traditionally hold the view that, because of imperfections in capital markets, a shortage of long-term finance acts as a barrier to industrial performance and growth. Long term finance is thought to allow firms to invest in more productive technologies, even when they do not produce immediate payoffs, without fear of premature liquidation. As a result, special state-supported term-lending institutions have been established, especially in developing countries. But some believe that short-term finance may offer better incentives because it allows suppliers of finance to monitor and control firms more effectively, thus improving the firms' performance. The authors empirically investigate the determinants and consequences of the term structure of debt. Using a rich panel of data on privately owned companies in India, they also examine the influence of debt maturity structures on those firm's performance, especially on productivity. The results are not conclusive, but seem to support conventional beliefs about the importance of long term finance to firm performance. Heavy leveraging, however, has a strong negative impact on productivity. They base their econometric evidence on estimates of a maturity equation and of a production function augmented by financial variables. The data on which these results are based have been generated by a financial system in which there is little competition, in which state-owned financial institutions are not guided by the profit motive and have no control over interest rates, so one cannot say whether short term finance would have been more beneficial in a less regulated system. Moreover, by the end of the 1980s, the capital base of India's government-owned financial institutions had been severely eroded and they carried a heavy burden of nonperforming assets. This means that the benefits of long term finance must be weighed against the costs.
Innovation Adoption Behavior Among Nurses

This study examined the extent of adoption by clinical nurses of 14 research-based nursing practices and explored characteristics of the nurses which may have influenced their use of innovations. The relationship between the nurses' adoption of innovative practices and their perception of organizational support in the form of a hospital policy about the practice was also examined. The 14 nursing practices used in the study met the criteria established by the 1982 Conduct and Utilization of Research in Nursing (CURN) Project. The Nursing Practice Questionnaire (NPQ) developed by Brett (1987) to explore nurses' stage of innovation adoption was sent to a random sample of nurses in 10 medium sized hospitals throughout North Carolina; 113 nurses responded. The majority of the sample were aware of 9 of the 14 nursing practices. The percentage who were aware of individual practices ranged from 28% to 93.8%. Eight of the 14 practices were used regularly by more than half of the sample.
Investigating Brand Loyalty Factors among Young Mobile Phone Users

One of the key elements in marketing mix is to successfully promote and build a brand name for business to progress. Hence, this study is to investigate Brand Loyalty factors among young mobile phone users in the Mobile Telecommunication Sector in Malaysia. In this research, five antecedents of customer satisfaction that leads to customer loyalty are identified. The variables measured are "Switching Cost", "Corporate Image", "Service Quality", "Trust" and "Promotion". A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed to three schools in Bukit Mertajam, Pulau Pinang. 337 questionnaires were returned and useable representing 84.3 percent response rate. The Pearson correlations test that was conducted showed that "Promotion" is the highest influential factor in influencing brand loyalty in mobile telecommunication sector. This is followed by "Trust", "Service Quality", "Corporate Image" and "Switching Cost". The findings although might be premature since it was conducted in a small scale. However, it could have prescribed potential implications for mobile telecommunication service providers to review their loyalty programs to retain existing customers and at the same time attract new ones.
Novel hypotheses on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes have been put forward in recent years in which insulin resistance is proposed as a physiological defence mechanism against metabolic stress , especially for the heart

The consequence of adaptive insulin resistance may be reduced risk of acute cardiovascular disease, but at the same time an increased burden on the other organs in the body, with an elevated risk of microvascular damage. Type 2 diabetes may be the price the body has to pay for survival in a caloric intoxicated state. But what is type 2 diabetes? In the current paradigm type 2 diabetes is caused by an «inherited disposition, often in combination with overweight and decreased physical activity» (1). The disease is characterised by reduced sensitivity to the effects of insulin (insulin resistance) and reduced insulin production according to the needs of the body (beta cell failure), with resulting hyperglycaemia (2). The diagnosis is set when blood glucose reaches a certain level, for example measured by HbA1c 6.5 %. Traditional pharmacological treatment aims to reduce glucose production by the liver (metformin), increase insulin production from beta cells (sulfonylureas) or add insulin through injections. It is well documented that intensive glycaemic control by the use of these mechanisms reduces the risk of microvascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes, as well as reducing the symptoms of hyperglycaemia (1).
Role of the Ram Domain and Ankyrin Repeats on Notch Signaling and Activity in Cells of Osteoblastic Lineage

Notch proteins belong to a family of single pass transmembrane receptors that are activated after interactions with the membrane‐bound ligands Delta and Jagged/Serrate. We determined the pathways responsible for the inhibitory effects of Notch on osteoblastogenesis and the contributions of the RAM domain and ankyrin repeats to this process in cells of the osteoblastic lineage.
Species-specific recognition of Aspergillus fumigatus by Toll-like receptor 1 and Toll-like receptor 6.

BACKGROUND Aspergillus fumigatus causes invasive aspergillosis, a potentially fatal infection in oncohematological patients. Innate immune detection of A. fumigatus involves Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR2, which forms a heterodimer with either TLR1 or TLR6. The role of those coreceptors in Aspergillus sensing is unknown. METHODS Cytokine production was measured in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from wild-type (WT) and TLR-deficient mice after incubation with a WT and an immunogenic RodA-deficient (ΔrodA-47) strain of A. fumigatus and in lungs from these mice after intranasal mold inoculation. Aspergillus fumigatus-mediated NF-κB activation was measured in HEK293T cells transfected with plasmids expressing mouse or human TLRs. RESULTS Bone marrow-derived macrophages from TLR1- and TLR6-deficient mice produced lower amounts of interleukin 12p40, CXCL2, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α than BMDMs from WT mice after stimulation with A. fumigatus. Lungs from TLR1- and TLR6-deficient mice had diminished CXCL1 and CXCL2 production and increased fungal burden after intranasal inoculation of ΔrodA A. fumigatus compared with lungs from WT mice. ΔrodA strain-mediated NF-κB activation was observed in HEK293T cells expressing mouse TLR2/1, mouse TLR2/6, and human TLR2/1 but not human TLR2/6. CONCLUSIONS Innate immune detection of A. fumigatus is mediated by TLR4 and TLR2 together with TLR1 or TLR6 in mice and TLR1 but not TLR6 in humans.
Illustrating outcomes for Australian nascent and young firm entrepreneurial activity

This paper examines the outcomes of nascent and young entrepreneurial firms in Australia. Findings of interest in this paper include: • After three years similar proportions of nascent firms reach an operational state (31 per cent), i.e. sales regularly exceed costs, compared with those that have terminated (35 per cent), and those who are still trying to achieve venture creation (34 per cent). This outcome closely mirrors the outcomes in the US PSED study. • The young firm sample shows that these new ventures remain more robust to firm closure. The vast majority of young firms (78 per cent) continue to be active in the market the last time they participated in CAUSEE. • The annual termination rate for young firms is 9 per cent at most, and 14 per cent cumulatively, while cumulatively only 8 per cent of young firms experience a drop-off in activity to be considered as having uncertain status. • The average number of employees in Nascent Firms is one person, the average number of Young Firm employees increases from two at first sampling to three after three years. • While the founders of exiting Nascent Firms are more likely to return to their old job upon termination of their business, Young Firm founders move on to new jobs. Regardless the majority of exiting firm founders rate their experience as positive and are prepared to attempt business creation in the future.
Bank Funding Structures and Risk: Evidence from the Global Financial Crisis

This paper analyzes the evolution of bank funding structures in the run up to the global financial crisis and studies the implications for financial stability, exploiting a bank-level dataset that covers about 11,000 banks in the U.S. and Europe during 2001–09. The results show that banks with weaker structural liquidity and higher leverage in the pre-crisis period were more likely to fail afterward. The likelihood of bank failure also increases with bank risk-taking. In the cross-section, the smaller domestically-oriented banks were relatively more vulnerable to liquidity risk, while the large cross-border banks were more susceptible to solvency risk due to excessive leverage. The results support the proposed Basel III regulations on structural liquidity and leverage, but suggest that emphasis should be placed on the latter, particularly for the systemically-important institutions. Macroeconomic and monetary conditions are also shown to be related with the likelihood of bank failure, providing a case for the introduction of a macro-prudential approach to banking regulation.
Activation of Organum Vasculosum of Lamina Terminalis, Median Preoptic Nucleus, and Medial Preoptic Area in Anticipation of Nursing in Rabbit Pups

Rhythmic feeding in rabbit pups is a natural model to study food entrainment because, similar to rodents under a schedule of food restriction, these animals show food-anticipatory activity (FAA) prior to daily nursing. In rodents, several brain systems, including the orexinergic system, shift their activity to the restricted feeding schedule, and remain active when subjects are hungry. As the lamina terminalis and regions of the preoptic area participate in the control of behavioral arousal, it was hypothesized that these brain regions are also activated during FAA. Thus, the effects of daily milk ingestion on FOS protein expression in the organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis (OVLT), median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), and medial preoptic area (MPOA) were examined using immunohistochemistry before and after scheduled time of nursing in nursed and fasted subjects. Additionally, FOS expression was explored in orexin (ORX) cells in the lateral hypothalamic area and in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) because of their involvement in arousal and fluid ingestion, respectively. Pups were entrained by daily nursing, as indicated by a significant increase in locomotor behavior before scheduled time of nursing in both nursed and fasted subjects. FOS was significantly higher in the OVLT, MnPO, and MPOA at the time of nursing, and decreased 8 h later in nursed pups. In fasted subjects, this effect persisted in the OVLT, whereas in the MnPO and MPOA, values did not drop at 8 h later, but remained at the same level or higher than those at the time of scheduled nursing. In addition, FOS was significantly higher in ORX cells during FAA in nursed pups in comparison with 8 h later, but in fasted subjects it remained high during most fasting time points. Additionally, OVLT, SON, and ORX cells were activated 1.5 h after nursing. We conclude that the OVLT, MnPO, and MPOA, but not SON, may participate in FAA, as they show activation before suckling of periodic milk ingestion, and that sustained activation of the OVLT, MnPO, and MPOA by fasting may contribute to the high arousal state associated with food deprivation. In agreement with this, ORX cells also remain active after expected nursing, which is consistent with reports in other species.
Distributed Filtering for Fuzzy Time-Delay Systems With Packet Dropouts and Redundant Channels

This paper is concerned with the distributed H∞ filtering problem for a class of discrete-time Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems with time-varying delays. The data communications among sensor nodes are equipped with redundant channels subject to random packet dropouts that are modeled by mutually independent Bernoulli stochastic processes. The practical phenomenon of the uncertain packet dropout rate is considered, and the norm-bounded uncertainty of the packet dropout rate is asymmetric to the nominal rate. Sufficient conditions on the existence of the desired distributed filters are established by employing the scaled small gain theorem to ensure that the closed-loop system is stochastically stable and achieves a prescribed average H∞ performance index. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to verify the theoretical findings.
Electronic Commerce 2018: A Managerial and Social Networks Perspective

Chapter 1. Overview of Electronic Commerce -- Chapter 2. E-Commerce: Mechanisms, Platforms, and Tools -- Chapter 3. Retailing in Electronic Commerce: Products and Services -- Chapter 4. Business-to-Business E-Commerce -- Chapter 5. Innovative EC Systems: From E-Government to E-Learning, E-Health, Sharing Economy and P2P Commerce -- Chapter 6. Mobile Commerce and the Internet of Things -- Chapter 7. Intelligent (Smart) E-Commerce -- Chapter 8. Social Commerce: Foundations, Social Marketing, and Advertising -- Chapter 9. Social Enterprise and Other Social Commerce Topics -- Chapter 10. Marketing and Advertising in E-Commerce -- Chapter 11. E-Commerce Security and Fraud Issues and Protections -- Chapter 12. Electronic Commerce Payment Systems -- Chapter 13. Order Fulfillment along the Supply Chain in E-Commerce -- Chapter 14. EC Strategy, Globalization, SMEs and Implementation -- Chapter 15. E-Commerce: Regulatory, Ethical, and Social Environments.
Multi-radio Resource Allocation Strategies for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

In this paper we present algorithms for dy- namic channel allocation with QoS support. In particular, we focus on the integration of networks with different Radio Access Technologies (RATs), as is currently subject of in- vestigation within the novel concept of Ambient Networks. On this matter, we investigate the introduction of collabo- rative channel assignment, which exploits service elasticity and the tunability offered by QoS management. To this end, the comparison between non cooperative and cooperative resource allocation is briefly discussed and simulations are performed to demonstrate how collaborative strategies are able to improve system performance.
Naming from definition: The role of feature type and feature distinctiveness

The present paper evaluates the contribution of feature type and feature distinctiveness to naming of living and nonliving things using a naming from definition task. Normal subjects read verbal descriptions containing features varying in type (i.e., sensory vs. functional) and distinctiveness (i.e., distinct vs. shared) and were asked to name the concept described and to select the three features that most contributed to their answer. Main results showed that sensory features were selected more often than functional features to support naming living things and that, independent of feature type, more distinct features were selected to support naming more often than shared features. Results are discussed considering the implications for understanding naming and for neuropsychological evaluation.
Predictors of a variceal source among patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

BACKGROUND Patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) require an early, tailored approach best guided by knowledge of the bleeding lesion, especially a variceal versus a nonvariceal source. OBJECTIVE To identify, by investigating a large national registry, variables that would be predictive of a variceal origin of UGIB using clinical parameters before endoscopic evaluation. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in 21 Canadian hospitals during the period from January 2004 until the end of May 2005. Consecutive charts for hospitalized patients with a primary or secondary discharge diagnosis of UGIB were reviewed. Data regarding demographics, including historical, physical examination, initial laboratory investigations, endoscopic and pharmacological therapies administered, as well as clinical outcomes, were collected. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was performed to identify clinical predictors of a variceal source of bleeding. RESULTS The patient population included 2020 patients (mean [± SD] age 66.3±16.4 years; 38.4% female). Overall, 215 (10.6%) were found to be bleeding from upper gastrointestinal varices. Among 26 patient characteristics, variables predicting a variceal source of bleeding included history of liver disease (OR 6.36 [95% CI 3.59 to 11.3]), excessive alcohol use (OR 2.28 [95% CI 1.37 to 3.77]), hematemesis (OR 2.65 [95% CI 1.61 to 4.36]), hematochezia (OR 3.02 [95% CI 1.46 to 6.22]) and stigmata of chronic liver disease (OR 2.49 [95% CI 1.46 to 4.25]). Patients treated with antithrombotic therapy were more likely to experience other causes of hemorrhage (OR 0.44 [95% CI 0.35 to 0.78]). CONCLUSION Presenting historical and physical examination data, and initial laboratory tests carry significant predictive ability in discriminating variceal versus nonvariceal sources of bleeding.
Betel Nut Chewing and Selected Psychophysiological Variables

28 male operators of earth movers, with an average age of 30 years, after chewing various quantities of betel nut, volunteered to participate in a laboratory study of visual choice-reaction time, digit span, eye-hand coordination, pulse rate, and blood pressure. Analysis of variance identified a statistically significant increase in pulse rate only. Given no significant decrement in scores on any work-related measure, discussion concerns the possible use of betel nut at the work place and particularly as an antidote for drivers' fatigue. Limitations of the study, implications of the findings, and suggestions for research are discussed.
The Dynamics of Inter-Organisational Governance: Contractual and Relational Mechanisms in Public-Private Supply Arrangements

This research investigates the dynamic interplay of contractual and relational governance mechanisms in long-term supply arrangements. The thesis contributes to an emerging debate that examines the combination of contractual and relational governance in inter-organisational exchanges. Contractual and relational governance mechanisms have been positioned as precluding mechanisms, which may result in destructive effects if combined for governing inter-organisational relationships. Previous research studies have increasingly acknowledged that the use of contractual mechanisms does not exclude the use of relational mechanisms and vice-versa. However, the recent literature offers limited insights into the dynamic interaction of both inter-organisational governance mechanisms and their impact on overall performance. The analysis in this research utilises a conceptual framework and a number of theoretical lenses through which the dynamic interplay of contractual and relational governance mechanisms is explained. Based on empirical case analysis of six public-private supply arrangements across three sectors: healthcare, waste management and emergency services, the research explores the dynamic interplay of both governance mechanisms and their impact on overall performance. Retrospective case study data was collected deploying semi-structured interviews and the critical incident technique was used to investigate the governance interplay over time. The contribution to knowledge is a conceptual framework that refines contractual and relational governance components in supply relationships over time. The findings indicate the importance of the interplay between inter-personal and inter-organisational trust in combination with complex contracts and intermediate contractual agreements. From this the conclusion is drawn that organisations entering into long-term supply relationships need to deploy both contractual and relational governance mechanisms in combination in order to achieve better overall performance.