Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed Information Flow Verification Framework for the Composition of Service Chain in Wireless Sensor Network

Dynamic service composition provides us with a promising approach to cooperate different sensor nodes in WSN to build complex applications based on their basic functions. Usually multiple nodes located in different regions provide data with different security levels, and it is critical to ensure the security of the information flow in the composite services. However, the energy-limited nature of sensor nodes in WSN poses a significant challenge for the centralized information flow verification with which the verification node needs to consume lots of computation and network resources. In this paper, we specify the security constraints for each service participant to secure the information flow in a service chain based in the lattice model and then present a distributed verification framework that cooperates different service participants to verify their information flow policies distributively. The evaluation results show a significant decrease on the verification cost of the single verification node, which provides a better load balance in each sensor node.
Transepidermal delivery of cosmeceuticals using radiofrequency and ultrasound: Study of the penetration of a cosmetic gel in vivo by fluorescence microscopy

Background: A prospective, controlled study was carried out to determine the transepidermal penetration of a cosmeceutical after permeabilizing the skin using a device which combines radiofrequency and ultrasound. Material and methods: The Legato device (Alma Lasers) was used to introduce the fluorescein-stained PixelTreatSRTM cosmeceutical gel into the dermis. The treatments were performed in the retroauricular area in 16 patients, and biopsies were taken at 10 minutes and at 15 hours after the procedure. The intensity of dermal fluorescence in the treated samples was compared to that of Autofluorescence Controls (AC) and Technical Controls (TC). Results: The samples treated with the Legato device displayed a greater intensity of fluorescence than the AC and TC, both at 10 minutes and 15 hours. The increases in fluorescence were graded as moderate or intense, but in no case as nil or slight. The results at 10 minutes were: Legato (55.4 ± 10.1), AC (8.6 ± 2.8), TC (8.2 ± 3.6). At 15 hours, the results were: Legato (54.2 ± 7.2), AC (8.9 ± 1.7), TC (8.3 ± 2.4). The differences between the samples and the controls were significant, both at 10 minutes and at 15 hours (p<0.0008). Conclusion: The transepidermal delivery procedure carried out facilitated a prolonged and effective dermal penetration of the topically applied products.
Rebuilding the Great Pyramids: A Method for Identifying Control Relations in Complex Ownership Structures

Identifying the corporate controller (controlling shareholder, ultimate owner) is an essential prerequisite for any debate on the corporate governance of a specific firm and of entire markets. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive, precise and economically sound method for identifying control relations on the corporate level and especially in complex ownership structures. We apply weighted voting games literature as a theoretical framework for our analysis and use the Shapley-Shubik and the Banzhaf power indices to determine control rights. The core element of the proposed method, distinguishing our study from others, in solving the puzzle of corporate control, is the simultaneous analysis of both the specific ownership map within the corporation and the corporate network in which the firm is embedded. We implemented our algorithm into a Java computer program and tested it on a real-world data set of corporate ownership in the Israeli market. The direct product of the analysis of these data is a comprehensive map of control relations at every time point. We find that the corporate control relations identified by our method are richer and more accurate than those provided by different official sources.
Financial Reporting, Framing Effects and Successful Investment Decision

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of the financial reports and investment decision and framing bias affects the relationship of financial reporting and investment decision. We collected data through 225questionnaires from individual investors of Islamabad stock exchange (ISE). Result shows that financial reporting is significantly positive associated with investment decision and framing bias affects the relationship of financial reporting and successful investment decision. Our study may help the investor to focus on present facts and choices as neutrally and consistently at the time of investment decision and to keep the big picture in mind.
A 3‐YEAR‐OLD BOY WITH DRUG‐RESISTANT COMPLEX PARTIAL SEIZURES

Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a rare, nonfamilial congenital neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by melanocytic nevi and excessive proliferation of melanocytes within the central nervous system. We report the surgical pathological features of a lesion in the right temporal lobe in a 3-year-old boy with congenital pigmented nevi and complex partial seizures. Brain MRI showed a focal lesion in the right uncus. The lesion was hyperintense on T1-weighted and hypointense on T2-weighted images with no gadolinium enhancement. A right anterior temporal lobectomy and hippocampectomy was performed. Post-surgery pathological study revealed the histological and immunohistochemical features of NCM. At the postoperative follow-up the boy remained seizure-free. This case confirms that NCM should be listed among the possible causes of chronic drug-resistant partial epilepsy. Surgical resection should be considered for treatment of this type of lesion. Correspondence 728 Brain Pathology 22 (2012) 725–728 © 2012 The Authors; Brain Pathology © 2012 International Society of Neuropathology
ASSESSING THE MARKET OUTLOOK FOR RABBIT MEAT IN LOUISIANA AND TEXAS

Empirical results from two-ordered probit models suggest that (a) men, Catholics, and blue-collar workers are more positive about rabbit meat than their corresponding counterparts are; (b) men, Catholics, and blue-collar workers are the major consumers of rabbit meat in Louisiana and southeast Texas; and (c) 11 percent of female consumers are willing to try rabbit meat. Rabbit meat is low in fat, sodium, and cholesterol, and high in protein, but its price is comparable to that of bone and skinless chicken breast. Therefore, any promotional efforts to expand consumption must emphasize the meat's nutritional attributes rather than its price.
BORROWING PATTERNS, BANKRUPTCY AND VOLUNTARY LIQUIDATION

We study the impact of financial variables upon bankruptcy and voluntary exit. Controlling for efficiency, which we find to decrease the odds of both bankruptcy and voluntary exit, characteristics of firms which correlate with the firms' access to funds, exert very different impacts upon the two modes of exit. Our findings support the idea that information asymmetries create cash constraints and that financial decisions are used to signal firms' quality and reduce the degree of information asymmetries between borrowers and lenders.
Genetic predictors of cue- and stress-induced cigarette craving: an exploratory study.

UNLABELLED Cigarette cravings in response to environmental cues and stressors are widely recognized as important predictors of smoking cessation outcomes. Accumulating evidence suggests that genetics plays a role in these craving responses, as well as in smoking cessation more generally. Previous studies of genetic polymorphisms have been limited by examination of single candidate genes and the use of broadly defined phenotypes (e.g., smoking history). In addition, research examining the similarities and differences between cue- and stress-induced cravings has been limited, although some evidence has suggested that they may have common genetic underpinnings. In the current study, we examined associations between a panel of 1,350 candidate genetic polymorphisms and craving responses to laboratory smoking cues and stressors. We hypothesized that common genetic polymorphisms would be predictive of both cue- and stress-induced craving. Nicotine-dependent smokers (n = 210) donated a blood sample, were exposed to neutral, smoking-related, and stress-related stimuli, and completed craving questionnaires immediately prior to and following each stimulus. Findings indicated that craving responses to smoking cues and stressors were moderately correlated (r = .44). However, genetic analysis revealed that cue and stress-induced cigarette craving were predicted by different polymorphisms, such that variants in the glycine and dopamine pathways were predictive of cue-induced craving, whereas variants in the stress-corticotropin pathway predicted stress-induced craving. CONCLUSIONS Study results provide no support for the hypothesis that cue- and stress-induced craving have the same genetic predictors.
The Role of Phospho enol pyruvate Carboxylase during C 4 Photosynthetic Isotope Exchange and Stomatal Conductance 1 [ OA ]

Molecular Plant Physiology Group (A.B.C., I.B., M.R.B., A.I., S.v.C) and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (A.B.C., M.R.B.), Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom (P.J.L.); and Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Robert Hill Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom (R.C.L.)
Thrombolytic activities of nattokinase extracted from Bacillus subtilis fermented soybean curd residues.

To recycle food wastes, soybean curd residue (SCR) was used as substrate in Bacillus subtilis fermentation to extract nattokinase (NK). In researches, the extract conditions of Natto-NK, as well as the fibrinolytic activities of SCR-NK were investigated. In fibrinolytic activities, Natto-NK and wet corn distillers’ grain (WDG)-NK were regarded as comparisons. It was showed that the highest Natto-NK yield could reach 0.108 g per 150 g Natto (wet), when extract conditions were involved with saline (0.9%) 375 ml, (NH4)2SO4 30 g and the ratio of 3/4 of ethanol to saline. After fibrin hydrolysis for 4 h, hydrolyzed areas of SCR-NK were 49 mm 2 in one hole, consistent with that of Natto-NK. Apart from this, as a result calculated according to the dried substrate, the SCR-NK yields (0.415 g/150 g) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than Natto-NK yields (0.270 g/150 g), although in activities, SCR-NK (1.3 fibrinolytic unit/ml (FU/ml)) showed slight superiorities to that of Natto-NK. It suggested that SCR could be regarded as a promising fermentation source for NK production.
Exports and Productivity in the German Business Services Sector. First Evidence from the Turnover Tax Statistics Panel

A wide range of empirical studies has analysed the relationship between exports and productivity in the manufacturing sector. By contrast, a detailed investigation of the services sector has remained neglected. To close this gap, this paper provides first evidence about export and productivity in the German business services sector. The database used is the German turnover tax statistics panel, which allows for the first time a detailed longitudinal analyses of exporting business services enterprises. Similar to the manufacturing sector, these enterprises are more productive than non-exporters, and more productive business services enterprises self-select into export markets. However, no evidence is found concerning the hypotheses that exporting increases productivity.
Student-centred learning in a passive learning environment: students' perception and performance

This study attempts to seek students’ preference of teaching methods for the Accounting Theory course and to compare students’ performance in classes using student-centred learning (SCL) with traditional lecture method (TLM), in a passive learning environment. Results reveal that the teaching method most frequently ranked highest by students is still the TLM. Also, there is no significant difference between students’ performance under SCL or TLM. While this is unexpected, it is possible that SCL may not have the expected positive results when the students have been largely exposed to a passive learning environment. The results have important implications for accounting educators and policy-makers in Malaysia and other countries, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region where the learning environment is more passive.
Short-Term Effects of Ambient Particles on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Mortality

Background: Particulate air pollution is associated with increased mortality. There is a need for European results from multicountry databases concerning cause-specific mortality to obtain more accurate effect estimates. Methods: We report the estimated effects of ambient particle concentrations (black smoke and particulate matter less than 10 μm [PM10]) on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, from 29 European cities, within the Air Pollution and Health: a European Approach (APHEA2) project. We applied a 2-stage hierarchical modeling approach assessing city-specific effects first and then overall effects. City characteristics were considered as potential effect modifiers. Results: An increase in PM10 by 10 μg/m3 (lag 0 + 1) was associated with increases of 0.76% (95% confidence interval = 0.47 to 1.05%) in cardiovascular deaths and 0.58% (0.21 to 0.95%) in respiratory deaths. The same increase in black smoke was associated with increases of 0.62% (0.35 to 0.90%) and 0.84% (0.11 to 1.57%), respectively. Conclusions: These effect estimates are appropriate for health impact assessment and standard-setting procedures.
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Development of Gastric Cancer in Korea: Long-term Follow-up

Background and Aim Infection of Helicobacter pylori is viewed as a major driver of progression to the precancerous state or to gastric cancer. This study was performed to investigate the effect of H. pylori infection on gastric cancer development and to determine to what extent H. pylori eradication is likely to reduce the prevalence of gastric cancer. Methods Gastric cancer development was investigated in 1790 Korean subjects who underwent gastroscopy and H. pylori testing between 1992 and 1998. The effects of H. pylori-positive and eradicated states on gastric cancer development were analyzed. Results Gastric cancer developed in 5 of the study cohort during a mean follow-up period of 9.4 years. All of these patients were positive for H. pylori infection, and 4 of the 5 had antral intestinal metaplasia (IM) at the time of study enrollment. One of these 5 patients was in an eradicated state when the gastric cancer was diagnosed, and had histologic IM before eradication therapy was performed. Gastric cancer was found to develop 10.9 times more frequently in the presence of IM than in its absence. Conclusions The present study shows a close relationship between H. pylori infection and IM, and between IM and the development of gastric cancer. In addition, our finding suggests that chronic H. pylori infection looks like an important risk factor for the development of gastric cancer in Korea, where the prevalence of H. pylori remains high. This study indicates that to prevent gastric cancer H. pylori eradication is best performed before the development of IM.
Juvenile stress potentiates aversive 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations and freezing during auditory fear conditioning in adult male rats

Traumatic experiences that occur during adolescence can render individuals vulnerable to mood and anxiety disorders. A model in juvenile rats (age: 27–29 days) was developed previously to study the long-term effects of adolescent stress exposure on behaviour and physiology. This paradigm, termed juvenile stress, involves subjecting juvenile rats to different stressors on consecutive days over a 3-day period. Here, we investigated the effects of the juvenile stress paradigm on freezing behaviour and aversive 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) during auditory fear conditioning in adult male rats (age: 68–90 days). We found that rats previously subjected to juvenile stress increased aversive 22-kHz USVs (total calls and time spent calling) compared with controls during fear-conditioning training. The acoustic USV parameters between control and juvenile stress rats were largely equivalent, including duration, peak frequency and amplitude. While rats did not differ in freezing behaviour during fear conditioning, juvenile stress rats exhibited greater cue-conditioned freezing upon testing 24 h later. Our results show that juvenile stress elicited different long-term changes in freezing and aversive USVs during fear conditioning. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of assessing USVs to detect experience-dependent differences between control and stress-exposed animals which are not detectable by measuring visible behaviour.
Government initiatives for IT adoption in small businesses: experiences of the Singapore Small Enterprise Computerization Program

Singapore is known as one of the four tigers of the Pacific Rim. Although Singapore is a tiny island country with no natural resources, the government of Singapore has aggressively pursued national policies and initiatives which have enabled it to enter the world industrial mainstream. In this article, Gable and Raman describe one such government inltlative designed to help small businesses computerize. In simple terms, the Singapore government set up the Small Enterprise Computerization Program (SECP) under the National Computer Board with ,a charter to provide small businesses with funds and appropriate technical support to determine their computer requirements and to design their computer infrastructure. This article describes the history of the Program, how it evolved over time, and what was learned along the way. The authors conclude that strong government commitment, and the availability of financial resources, appropriate technology, and technical expertise, were essential to the successful implementation of the Program. One of the most gratifying aspects of the Program Is the significant impact that resulted from its relatively simple, low-cost approach. Although the approach and the Program would most likely be modified to meet local conditions, the concept is easily transportable to other countries seeking to upgrade the informatlon system capabilities of their small business community.
Critical race theory, race and gender microaggressions, and the experience of Chicana and Chicano scholars

Using critical race theory as a framework, this article provides an examination of how racial and gender microaggressions affect the career paths of Chicana and Chicano scholars. This paper reports on open-ended survey and interview data of a purposive sample of six Chicana and six Chicano Ford Foundation Predoctoral, Dissertation, and Postdoctoral Minority Fellows. There are three objectives for this study: (a) to extend and apply a critical race theory to the field of education, (b) to ''recognize,'' ''document,'' and analyze racial and gender microaggressions of Chicana and Chicano scholars, and (c) to ''hear'' the voice of ''discrimination's victims'' by examining the effect of race and gender microaggressions on the lives of Chicana and Chicano scholars. Three patterns of racial and gender microaggressions were found: (a) scholars who felt out of place in the academy because of their race and or gender, (b) scholars who felt their teachers professors had lower expectations for them, and (c) scholars'.
A Design of Recommendation Based on Flexible Mixture Model Considering Purchasing Interest and Post-Purchase Satisfaction

The recommender system is an effective Web marketing tool that havve been used especially on electric commerce sites in recent years. The recommender system provides each user with a list of new recommended items that are predicted to be preferred by the user. Collaborative filtering is one of the most representative and powerful methods to predict user preference in the recommender system. Collaborative filtering measures the similarity of preference between users and uses it to decide items to be recommended. Based on previous researche on this method, user preference is considered to have two aspects: Purchasing interest for items and post-purchase satisfaction with items. However, the conventional methods do not consider the two different preferences at the same time. This paper suggests taking these two preferences into account and proposes a new method that allows users to choose the balance between them. The proposed method is evaluated through simulation experiments with MovieLens data. It demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposal in precision and average rating compared with a previous method.
Evaluation of willow herb's (Epilobium angustofolium L.) antioxidant and radical scavenging capacities

The present study investigated the antioxidative properties of root, leaf and stalk of Epilobium angustofolium L. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase), quantities of malonyldialdehyde, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and reduced glutathione and also the content of total flavonoids, chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids, vitamin C and soluble proteins were determined. The results indicate that extracts from all plant organs exhibited antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the leaves. Radical scavenging capacity (RSC), determined by DPPH assay, was highest in the leaves as well as total reducing power determined by FRAP assay. Lipofuscin ‘plant age pigments’ were also determined. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
'Sloughing-off' of heterochromatin in Werner's syndrome cells during high-temperature phosphate incubation.

Previous investigations of cells undergoing rapid division revealed the presence of heterochromatic 'dots' in chromosomes as well as numerous chromocentres in interphase nuclei. Such structures were seen in human embryonic cells, as well as cells from organisms capable of regeneration, and cells from various malignancies. Cells with a reduced capacity for reproduction were found to be virtually devoid of nuclear chromocentres and chromosome dots after incubation in phosphate buffer at high temperature. The lack of heterochromatin in such cells (Werner's syndrome) thereby explained their reduced capacity for cell division and the resultant rapid rate of aging in individuals afflicted. Re-examination of such slides containing these cells revealed that chromocentres and chromosome dots were present initially, but the incubation process resulted in a 'sloughing-off' of such structures. The incubation process left these heterochromatic structures intact in malignant and control cells, inferring a link between cell proliferation and stable intact heterochromatin. These findings implicate heterochromatin as the object of the purported chromosomal instability factor characteristic of Werner's syndrome. The loss of heterochromatin did not result in chromosome breakage, suggesting that heterochromatin may not be an integral part of chromosome structure, but rather a surface feature or covering.
Predictability of Industry Returns After M&A Announcements

This paper documents a strong and prevalent drift in long-term industry returns after M&A announcements. Specifically, industries that experience positive average announcement reactions continue to do well in the future, while industries that experience negative average announcement reactions continue to do poorly. Industry M&A investment strategies, which buy positively reacting industries and sell negatively reacting industries, appear profitable even after controlling for size and book-to-market effects in returns. Profitability has strengthened over time and seems to exist also for the largest stocks. The evidence suggests that capital markets underreact to the industry-wide information provided by merger announcements.