Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The physiological reactions of men of two age groups to a hot environment

MacKinnon (1954) has claimed that advancing age is associated with a great reduction in the number of active sweat glands on the finger pad. If this were true for the eccrine glands of the general body surface, the tolerance of older individuals to hot environments would presumably be adversely affected and demonstrable disturbances in heat regulation might be expected. We have been concerned with this problem because of its significance in coal mining, where older workers may be required to do heavy tasks in hot conditions (Lind, Hellon, Weiner & Jones, 1955). Careful search of the literature revealed only two studies dealing with the relation of age to physiological responses to hot conditions, and these yield only limited information. That by Krag & Kountz (1952) describes the reactions of a small group of males and females of widely different ages (including some patients) to unstandardized tests in a fever cabinet with saturated environments; in the second, by Wiebers (1954), the subjects were exposed to only moderate heat for 20 min. In the investigation reported here two groups of miners, fairly comparable except in age, were required to perform a standardized routine of work and rest in a hot environment for 4 hr. The aim of this exploratory experiment was to discover whether any differences attributable to age could be detected in heat regulatory and circulatory responses. A subsequent investigation dealing with the influence of age on the number of active sweat glands in hot conditions has been reported elsewhere (Hellon & Lind, 1956).
Low dose aspirin in pregnancy: a clinical and biochemical study of effects on the newborn

Low dose Aspirin in pregnancy reduces the incidence of intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR) and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) in women at risk for these complications. To investigate if this drug, even in a low dose, could expose the newborn to hemorrhagic complications, we studied ten neonates whose mothers had been taking 50 mg/day of Aspirin from the 12th week of pregnancy until delivery and compared them with eight newborns whose mothers didn't take the drug. No hemorrhagic complications (emathemesis, ecchymoses or petechiae, subconjunctival hemorrhage, cephaloematomas etc.) were observed in the fetuses exposed to Aspirin or in the control group. No hemorrhagic lesions were found by ultrasound brain scan on the fourth day of life. Newborns exposed to Aspirin showed a significantly lower thromboxane concentration on the first day of life (median 73 ng/ml versus 217 ng/ml); however on the fourth day the level of serum thromboxane in the cases exposed reached the values of the unexposed ones (median 146 ng/ml versus 143 ng/ml). In conclusion low dose Aspirin in pregnancy can be considered a safe drug without and adverse effect on the newborn.
A model of personality change after traumatic brain injury and the development of the Brain Injury Personality Scales

Objective: The aims of this study were to develop models of personality change after traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on information provided by the TBI survivor and a significant other (SO), and to compare the models generated from the two different sources of information. Methods: Individuals with and without TBI and an SO were interviewed separately about their current personality. The SOs were also interviewed about the personality of the TBI survivor before the injury. A subset of TBI survivors and their SOs were interviewed twice to assess test–retest reliability. Items which were not associated with personality change after TBI, which could not be measured reliably or which did not contribute to the model, were excluded. Results: Of the 123 original items, 29 items from the interview with the survivor and 31 items from the interview with the SO were retained to form the Brain Injury Personality Scales. Separate factor analyses of ratings from each interview (survivor and SO) resulted in seven first order factors. The second order factor analyses for each interview resulted in four factors. Concordance between the information obtained from the two interviews was low. Conclusions: The information obtained from the interviews with the TBI survivors and the SOs produced two models with a similar structure: three superordinate factors of personality items (affective regulation, behavioural regulation and engagement) and one superordinate factor of items relevant to mental state (restlessness and range of thought). Despite the similarity in structure, the content of the information obtained from the two interviews was different.
ACID: A Debugger Built From A Language

Acid is an unusual source-level symbolic debugger for Plan 9. It is implemented as a language interpreter with specialized primitives that provide debugger support. Programs written in the language manipulate one or more target processes; variables in the language represent the symbols, state, and resources of those processes. This structure allows complex interaction between the debugger and the target program and provides a convenient method of parameterizing differences between machine architectures. Although some effort is required to learn the debugging language, the richness and flexibility of the debugging envi­ ronment encourages new ways of reasoning about the way programs run and the conditions under which they fail.
The neural basis of response inhibition and attention allocation as mediated by gestational age

Children and adolescents born before 33 weeks of gestation, that is very preterm, may experience problems with the inhibitory control of behaviour and the allocation of attention. Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have found preterm‐born adolescents to display altered brain activation in tasks measuring inhibitory control. However, adolescence is a period during which dynamic changes are occurring in the brain, and it is not yet known whether these functional alterations will persist into adulthood, or instead reflect developmental delay. This study used an event‐related fMRI Go/No‐Go motor response inhibition paradigm, which included an oddball task measuring attention allocation to infrequent stimuli, to compare blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signal between 26 preterm‐born adults and 21 controls. Group differences in brain activation were observed in inhibition and attention networks during both conditions. During motor response inhibition, preterm‐born participants compared to controls showed increased BOLD signal in medial and right lateral posterior brain regions, including middle temporal/occipital gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus. During oddball trials, preterm‐born young adults displayed attenuated brain activation in a fronto‐parietal‐cerebellar network which is involved in mediating attention allocation. This pattern of reduced brain activation in task‐relevant regions of attention allocation, and increased activation in posterior brain regions during inhibitory control, suggests adult alteration of inhibition and attention processing following very preterm birth, which may reflect a developmental delay. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multihoming Behavior of Users in Social Networking Websites: A Theoretical Model

– This paper aims to investigate the multihoming behavior of users on social networking web sites in the absence or the presence of product differentiation. , – The approach is to build a theoretical model to explain the multihoming behavior of users on social networking web sites. , – Under multihoming without product differentiation, all members of the smaller network multihome to the bigger network and the social networking web site with the bigger network size benefits from multihoming. Under multihoming with product differentiation, when the smaller network differentiates its product from the bigger network, then all members of the bigger network will multihome to the smaller network. Welfare is higher for both sided multihoming and both sided multihoming will happen only when the social networking web sites are differentiated in terms of features. , – The model is a theoretical model and will need to be tested empirically. , – The results of the model indicate that multihoming results in increased utility for the users of social networking web sites when the two web sites are differentiated in terms of features. , – From the literature available in the public domain, the paper has not found any existing theoretical model to explain multihoming behavior of users on social networking web sites. The paper fulfils this objective.
Physical activity, fitness and fatness: relations to mortality, morbidity and disease risk factors. A systematic review

The purpose of this systematic review was to study the relative health risks of poor cardio‐respiratory fitness (or physical inactivity) in normal‐weight people vs. obesity in individuals with good cardio‐respiratory fitness (or high physical activity). The core inclusion criteria were: publication year 1990 or later; adult participants; design prospective follow‐up, case–control or cross‐sectional; data on cardio‐respiratory fitness and/or physical activity; data on BMI (body mass index), waist circumference or body composition; outcome data on all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, cardiovascular disease incidence, type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risk factors. Thirty‐six publications filled the criteria for inclusion. The data indicate that the risk for all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality was lower in individuals with high BMI and good aerobic fitness, compared with individuals with normal BMI and poor fitness. In contrast, having high BMI even with high physical activity was a greater risk for the incidence of type 2 diabetes and the prevalence of cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors, compared with normal BMI with low physical activity. The conclusions of the present review may not be applicable to individuals with BMI > 35.
Multidisciplinary and Multilevel Design Methodology of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Enhanced Collaborative Optimization

The present work describes the implementation of the Enhanced Collaborative Optimization (ECO) multilevel architecture with a gradient-based optimization algorithm with the aim of performing a multidisciplinary design optimization of a generic unmanned aerial vehicle with morphing technologies. The concepts of weighting coefficient and dynamic compatibility parameter are presented for the ECO architecture. A routine that calculates the aircraft performance for the user defined mission profile and vehicle’s performance requirements has been implemented using low fidelity models for the aerodynamics, stability, propulsion, weight, balance and flight performance. A benchmarking case study for evaluating the advantage of using a variable span wing within the optimization methodology developed is presented. Keywords—Multidisciplinary, Multilevel, Morphing, Enhanced Collaborative Optimization (ECO).
Comparison of two automated DNA amplification systems with a manual one-tube nested PCR assay for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis

Eighty-four specimens of respiratory secretions culture positive for mycobacteria (70 positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 14 positive for nontuberculous mycobacteria) and 120 culture-negative specimens were evaluated by three DNA amplification techniques: a manual in-house single-tube nested PCR (nPCR) and two commercial automated assays (the Cobas Amplicor System [aPCR-h] from Roche Diagnostic Systems and the Abbott LCx Probe System [aLCx-p] from Abbott Laboratories). The overall diagnostic sensitivities of the nPCR, aPCR-h, and aLCx-p were 77.1, 84.3, and 77.1%, respectively, and the sensitivities were 57.9, 57.9, and 36.8%, respectively, for smear-negative specimens. Specimens culture positive for nontuberculous mycobacteria were negative by all three assays. Eight culture-negative specimens which were positive by one or more assays had previously been documented by culture to be positive for M. tuberculosis and were taken from patients who were treated with antituberculosis agents. Retesting of specimens negative by one assay by the other two assays revealed that each test had its unique group of negative specimens. When considering the DNA extraction and amplification steps of these assays separately, it was found that extracts from aPCR-h and aLCx-p were compatible with nPCR amplication, while the two automated assays could only amplify extracts processed with their own reagents. Limiting dilution analysis revealed that the order of analytical sensitivity was nPCR, followed by aLCx-p and then aPCR-h. Comparison of the work flow of each assay revealed that although the aPCR-h demands the least specimen handling, the turnaround time of aLCx-p is the most favorable.
User Acceptance Enablers in Individual Decision Making About Technology: Toward an Integrated Model

Building on recent unique, yet potentially complementary, approaches to understanding the formation of user perceptions about technology (Venkatesh, 1999; Venkatesh & Speier, 1999), the present work reanalyzes the data from both studies to develop an integrated model of technology acceptance. The integrated model specifically examines the influence of pre-training and training environment interventions (termed user acceptance enablers) to understand how user perceptions are formed prior to system implementation. The model is then further extended and tested using longitudinal data in a field setting. The results indicate that the integrated model emerged as a better predictor of user behavior when compared to the existing models.
Incidence of K1 antigen in Escherichia coli isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients in the United Kingdom.

Altogether 411 cultures of Escherichia coli isolated from blood and 60 from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients in the United Kingdom were identified biochemically and serologically. They were tested for the presence of K1 antigen by an antiserum-agar method using horse meningococcus group B antiserum and by slide agglutination using E. coli 07.K1. H-antiserum. In total 71 cultures from blood (17%) and 29 from CSF (48%) gave positive results by both methods and were considered to possess the K1 antigen. Among the cultures from patients less than 3 years of age the K1 antigen was found significantly more often in those isolated from CSF (53%) than in those from blood (29%). The K1 antigen was found significantly more frequently in cultures isolated from the blood of patients less than 3 years old (29%) than in those from the blood of older patients (13%). Cultures which gave negative results in the slide agglutination test also gave negative results by the antiserum-agar method but positive results obtained by slide agglutination were not always confirmed using the antiserum-agar technique. Slide agglutination was considered to be valuable for the elimination of K1 negative cultures, but positive results required confirmation using the antiserum-agar method.
Level of HgCl2‐mediated phosphorylation of intracellular proteins determines death of thymic T‐lymphocytes with or without DNA fragmentation

Exposure to Hg2+ at a wide range of concentrations (approximately 1–100 μM) more or less caused the death of murine thymic T‐lymphocytes, and exposure to 1 μM but not 10 μM (or more) of Hg2+ induced DNA fragmentation. Exposure of cells to Hg2+ caused phosphorylation of multiple cellular proteins at the tyrosine residue in a concentration‐dependent manner. We found that not only the DNA fragmentation induced by 1 μM Hg2+ but also the cell death bypassing DNA fragmentation caused by 10 μM or more Hg2+ was partly inhibited by protein kinase inhibitors such as staurosporine and herbimycin A. This result suggested the involvement of a protein phosphorylation‐linked signal in the mechanism of the Hg2+‐mediated cell death with or without DNA fragmentation. Analysis of proteins by both one‐ and two‐dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblot showed that a 52‐kDa Shc protein was heavily phosphorylated by an early signal delivered by a high concentration of Hg2+, which also phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 (ERK1; p44) and ERK2 (p42) of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) family in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. The c‐Jun amino terminal kinase (p54), which is a distant relative of the MAPK family, was also phosphorylated by the treatment with Hg2+. This eventually formed the signaling cascade that ended with a nuclear target by phosphorylating c‐jun at the serine 73. This phosphorylation of c‐jun was inhibited by staurosporine. These results suggest that a high level of Hg2+‐mediated protein phosphorylation‐linked signal induces rapid cell death bypassing DNA fragmentation, whereas a lower level induces cell death accompanying DNA fragmentation. This conclusion in turn implies that DNA fragmentation is not always a prerequisite for the signal transduction‐dependent cell death of T‐lymphocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 71:243–253, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identifying pancreatic cancer patients for targeted treatment: the challenges and limitations of the current selection process and vision for the future

Recent preclinical data have demonstrated that pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells with defects in the Fanconi anemia/BRCA2 pathway are hypersensitive to interstrand crosslinking agents. The challenge is to efficiently identify patients who will benefit from these therapies. Patients were chosen for this study by evaluating personal history, ethnic background and family history of pancreatic malignancy. Molecular assays were performed on tissue samples. Patient A developed PDA in the context of a known BRCA2 frameshift mutation (2157delG), suspected because of her personal and multigenerational family history of breast cancer. She was treated with surgical resection, and targeted chemotherapy. Patient A continues to be disease free 32 months after her diagnosis and treatment. Patient B developed PDA in the context of a strong family history of PDA and Ashkenazi Jewish heritage. Genetic analysis on critical DNA repair genes revealed no alterations. This patient did not receive a tailored treatment regimen. This study highlights the challenge of treating PDA patients and selecting those eligible for targeted therapy. The current targeted treatment options for PDA are reviewed. A new multidisciplinary approach for stratifying PDA patients for promising targeted adjuvant therapy and familial risk counseling is proposed.
Sicily During the Centuries of Darkness

In the recent challenge to conventional Near Eastern and Mediterranean chronologies, many doubts are expressed about the date of protohistoric phases in Sicily and Lipari (James et al. 1991, 36-40). The main tenet, which stems from the critique of East Mediterranean chronology, is that no reliable timetable can be established for Sicily unless the Mycenaean dates are lowered. A second and essentially separate point is that the Sicilian sequence requires additional revisions in the Cassibile and Pantalica South periods, just prior to Greek colonization. This note is primarily concerned with the latter question. From a Sicilian standpoint, there is no obvious need to alter the earlier part of the sequence in line with the radical proposals of James and his colleagues, unless the Mycenaean dates are in fact wrong (a question reviewed in CA] 1991, 1(2), 22753). It remains true that Sicilian chronology relies upon Aegean connections, which provide hooks on which to hang a local sequence by means of crossdating with Late Helladic (LH) IIIA-IIIC pottery. A historical calendar, based on the account of Thucydides (James et al. 1991,99-103), begins around the middle of the eighth century BC, or slightly later, with the foundation of Greek colonies at Naxos, Syracuse (Thucydidean date 733 BC) and Megara Hyblaea, while the intervening centuries witness the development of local cultures, which have links with Italy and the West Mediterranean. Sicily had a pivotal role in the system of European chronology set out by Miiller-Karpe (1959), thanks to its key position between East and West. In theory, the consequences of the chronological upset being promoted are perhaps less alarming than might be thought. The absolute dates of the Mycenaean connection could be lowered without totally demolishing current frameworks of interpreta-
Metabolic syndrome: Clinical concept and molecular basis

The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, and atherogenic dyslipidemia and is a common basis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Although the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated, a practical definition is needed. A worldwide definition that considers increased waist circumference as an essential component has been settled. Visceral fat locates upstream of the liver. Free fatty acids and glycerol derived from visceral fat reach the liver and stimulate lipoprotein synthesis and gluconeogenesis, respectively. The adipose tissue produces a variety of bioactive substances conceptualized as ‘adipocytokines’. Overproduction of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 and tumor necrosis factor‐α seems to relate to the thrombotic and inflammatory tendency. On the other hand, adiponectin, which has antiatherogenic and antidiabetic activities, is reduced in subjects with metabolic syndrome. In Japan, the waist circumference criterion based on visceral fat accumulation has been adopted. The concept of this syndrome has been widely publicized, and health promotion programs based on the concept have commenced in various areas of the country. Such ‘Adipo‐Do‐It’ movement is an incentive to encourage physical exercise to reduce visceral fat and is a big challenge to prevent life‐style‐related diseases and CVD.
Amino acid changes in the amino terminus of the Na,K‐adenosine triphosphatase alpha‐2 subunit associated to familial and sporadic hemiplegic migraine

Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare subtype of migraine with aura inherited with an autosomal dominant pattern. Here, we report the genetic analysis of four families and one sporadic case with hemiplegic migraine (HM) in whom we searched for mutations in the three genes associated with the disease CACNA1A, ATP1A2 and SCN1A. Two novel amino acid changes p.Arg65Trp and p.Tyr9Asn, in the Na,K‐adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) alpha‐2 subunit encoded by the ATP1A2 gene, were found in one FHM family and in the sporadic case, respectively. These mutations are peculiar for their location in the extreme N‐terminus, an uncommon mutation target in this protein. Low frequency of migraine attacks in all our mutant patients with low complexity of the associated aura symptoms in the sporadic case is also observed. Besides the two novel mutations, the data here reported confirm the involvement of ATP1A2 gene in the sporadic form of HM, while the negative results on the other families tested for all genes known in HM strengthen the hypothesis of the existence of at least another locus involved in FHM.
Performance of cellular networks with relays and centralized scheduling

Future cellular wireless networks could include multihop transmission through relays. We propose a centralized downlink scheduling scheme in a cellular network with a small number of relays. The scheduling scheme has the property that it guarantees stability of the user queues for the largest set of arrival rates. We obtain throughput results by simulation for various scenarios and study the effect of number of relays, relay transmit power relative to the base station (BS) power, and the effect of distributing a given total power between the BS and different numbers of relays. We also present results for the case without channel fading to determine what fraction of the throughput gain is achieved from diversity reception. We find that, with four relays deployed in each sector, it is possible to achieve significant throughput gain including the signaling overhead.