Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Home use of margarine is an important determinant of plasma trans fatty acid status: a biomarker study

The contribution of the home use of margarines, made with partially hydrogenated vegetables oils, to total trans fatty acid intake is difficult to determine using dietary assessment because food composition databases are incomplete for trans fatty acids; moreover, hidden fats in manufactured foods may be the predominant sources of trans fatty acids. The objective of our study was to determine, using plasma phospholipid trans fatty acid composition as a surrogate measure of exposure, whether the home use of margarine or butter is an important determinant of trans fatty acid status. We conducted a community-based (Dunedin, New Zealand), cross-sectional survey of people who consumed either margarine (n 65) or butter (n 64) but not both for home use. The levels of the 18:1 trans isomers commonly found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils were all significantly higher in the plasma phospholipids of margarine compared with butter consumers, with the exception of 18:1n-7t, which did not differ. Among margarine consumers, the percentage of total fat from margarine was significantly correlated with levels of phospholipid 18:1n−6t, 18:1n-8t and 18:1n-1/t isomers (r 0·57–0·63, P<0·001) but only weakly with 18:1n-7t (r 0·30, P=0·016). The intake of fat from fast foods, bakery products or meat and meat products was not associated with plasma phospholipid trans isomeric composition. The home use of margarine, made with partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, is an important determinant of trans fatty acid exposure in New Zealand.
Intrahepatic cytokine profile in renal‐transplant patients infected by hepatitis C virus

In order to examine the immunopathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related liver injury in renal‐transplant patients, intra‐hepatic cytokine profiles were examined in 38 liver biopsies from 38 patients by measuring messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations by a real‐time PCR method of a Th1 cytokine (i.e., interferon (IFN)‐γ), a Th2 cytokines (i.e., interleukine (IL)‐10), a proinflammatory cytokine (i.e., IL‐8), and a potent fibrogenic factor (transforming growth factor [TGF]‐β). There was no significant difference in TGF‐β, IFN‐γ, IL‐10, or IL‐8 levels of expression according to liver‐activity grade, liver‐fibrosis stage, the concentration of HCV RNA at liver biopsies, or the HCV genotype. However, IFN‐γ/β‐actin mRNA concentration was higher than the IL‐10/β‐actin mRNA concentration in patients with F3 Metavir score. Median IFN‐γ/β‐actin mRNA concentration tended to be higher in patients with A3 and A4 Metavir activity grades compared with those with A0 and A1 activity grades. There was a significant correlation between the duration of HCV infection and both TGF‐β/β‐actin (r2 = 0.19, P = 0.04) and IL‐8/β‐actin mRNA concentrations (r2 = 0.19, P = 0.03). IFN‐γ/β‐actin mRNA concentration also increased according to the duration of HCV (r2 = 0.19, P = 0.07). Finally, there was a significant correlation between the duration of HCV infection and liver fibrosis stage (r2 = 0.17, P = 0.045). Intrahepatic Th1 cytokine profile seems to be predominant in patients with extensive fibrosis and activity scores, suggesting that it might be responsible for liver injury in renal transplant patients. J. Med. Virol. 76:482–488, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sleep disorders in Machado–Joseph disease

Purpose of review This article provides a description on clinical features and pathophysiology of the main sleep disorders observed in Machado–Joseph disease (MJD). Recent findings Pathological studies have clearly demonstrated that degenerative process in MJD is widespread in the nervous system, and not restricted to the cerebellum. Nonmotor manifestations are frequent and may include pain, cramps, dysautonomia, cognitive deficits, psychiatric manifestations, olfactory deficits, fatigue, nutritional issues, and sleep disorders. Summary Sleep disorders are frequent in MJD, and include restless legs syndrome, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, sleep apnea, periodic limb movements during sleep, parasomnia, and others. Pathophysiological mechanisms related to sleep disorders in Machado–Joseph are complex and poorly understood. Considering that sleep complaints are a treatable condition, recognizing sleep disorders in MJD is relevant.
Centres of evidence-based nursing: directions and challenges

Dramatic changes in healthcare delivery, along with an increased emphasis on quality care and cost containment, have led to the need for reliable, up to date evidence about effective healthcare interventions on the part of clinicians, policy makers, consumers, and researchers. However, barriers to using evidence exist for all groups and include those related to the individual, organisation, environment, and the characteristics of the innovation.1 For nurses specifically, lack of time, poor access to the literature, and lack of ability to judge the quality of the research are major barriers.2, 3 To address these barriers and to facilitate evidence-based practice, several evidence-based nursing centres havebeen created worldwide. In this editorial, we willhighlight the activities of these centres and challenges they face. We sent a brief questionnaire by email to evidence-based nursing centres in Australasia (Joanna Briggs Institute [JBI], which includes several sites in Australia, New Zealand, and Hong Kong), United States, Germany, UK, and Canada. For the JBI, we contacted the coordinating centre in Adelaide, as well as centres in New Zealand and Victoria. The Victorian Centre of Joanna Briggs is incorporated within the Victorian Centre for Nursing Practice Research. Below, we summarise the information provided by the centres. All of the centres have a statement of purpose that relates to improvement of nursing practice and healthcare outcomes through the use of evidence. Although similarities and differences exist in the strategies used by the various centres, most prepare systematic reviews and conduct workshops. ### SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS Each centre has done or plans to do systematic reviews related to nursing practice. The UK centre, the longest established, has been the most productive in this area, with completed reviews of compression treatment for venous leg ulcers, laser treatment for venous leg ulcers, pressure relieving beds, mattresses and cushions for prevention of pressure …
Cross‐challenge studies in rhesus monkeys employing different Indian isolates of hepatitis E virus

The aim of this study was to determine if rhesus monkeys infected with one isolate of hepatitis E virus (HEV) were immune to subsequent challenge with other isolates of the virus. Three epidemic and one sporadic Indian HEV isolates were employed in the study. The interval between primary inoculation and challenge varied from 1 year and 6 months to 2 years and 9 months. Evidence of HEV infection was ascertained by rise in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and/or seroconversion to antibodies to HEV (anti‐HEV), and the presence of HEV‐RNA in the bile or faeces of the infected monkeys. No evidence for multiplication of virus in monkeys challenged with different HEV isolates was obtained. These results show that immunity generated by one isolate of HEV protects against different isolates of hepatitis E virus. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Réponses des cépages de Vitis vinifera L. Aux variations de l'environnement : effets de la contrainte hydrique sur la photosynthèse, la photorespiration et la teneur en acide abcissique des feuilles

L'etude du comportement physiologique de differents genotypes de vigne axee sur l'analyse des echanges gazeux des feuilles est realisee dans une optique de caracterisation des differentes potentialites photosynthetiques d'un groupe de cepages de Vitis vinifera L. Originaires de regions ecologiques diverses. Les effets de la variation de certains parametres du milieu sur la regulation stomatique, la photosynthese et la photorespiration sont etudies au vignoble, en serre et en chambre climatisee. L'etude des formes de reponse des cepages a l'application d'un stress hydrique est analysee particulierement en raison de son importance comme facteur de discrimination de la variabilite genetique au sein de cette espece. Deux groupes de cepages ont ete caracterises en fonction de leur different degre de sensibilite, au niveau des echanges gazeux, a l'application d'un stress hydrique: un premier sensible, forme par le Semillon et l'Ugni blanc, et un deuxieme mieux adapte compose de l'Arriloba, du Chardonnay et du Muscat d'Alexandrie. Differents mecanismes impliques lors de l'intervention d'un stress hydrique sont discutes a partir de l'etude des echanges gazeux et du dosage de l'ABA des feuilles. L'ensemble des resultats obtenus est discute sur une voie de comprehension de la regulation de l'activite photosynthetique des differents cepages en situations diverses de culture, mais aussi sur la voie d'analyse des possibilites de mise en œuvre de tests precoces de selection bases sur les mesures des echanges gazeux
Interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist is detectable in human carotid artery plaques and is related to triglyceride levels and Chlamydia pneumoniae IgA antibodies

Abstract. Gottsäter A, Forsblad J, Mätzsch T, Persson K, Ljungcrantz I, Ohlsson K, Lindgärde F (Malmö University Hospital, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden). Interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist is detectable in human carotid artery plaques and is related to triglyceride levels and Chlamydia pneumoniae IgA‐antibodies. J Intern Med 2002; 251: 61–68.
Deliberate Self-Harm Among Patients Referring to the Emergency Room in Damghan , Iran

Objective: Deliberate self-harm (DHS) is a deviant behavior t hat has been not completely emphasized in health-related studies in Iran. The current study w as conducted to explore the prevalence and reasons ssociated with the incidence of DSH in patients referring to the emergency room of Baradaran-e Rezaee Hospital i n Damghan, Iran. Methods: Fifty-four clients with the mean age of 29.4 ( ±10.3) years participated in this cross-sectional st udy in 2010. Firstly, demographics and details of subst ance use were collected based on items elicited fro m the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and a researcher-mad e questionnaire. Then details of comorbidity and fa ctors associated with the current DHS were collected by a semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed by performing descriptive methods of statistics. Results: Deliberate self-poisoning with using toxic substanc es such as lead, and poison (44.8%) followed by drug intoxication such as opiate and methamphetamin e (35.2%) and body and vessel cutting (20%) were th e most prevalent types of DSH. Furthermore, results r evealed that comorbidities such as physical illness (38.9%) and psychiatric disorders including depression (31. 5%), psychotic symptoms (15%), bipolar disorder (5. 6%), stress (5.6%), and anxiety (1.9%) were commonly pre valent. The most frequently reported factors associ ated with DSH were desires for self-punishing (42%), sel f-medication for emotional sufferings (33%), experi encing euphoric feelings (24%), and stress (20%), respecti v ly. Conclusion: DSH is one of the critical health and treatment pr iorities, which are prevalent in emergency rooms of hospitals in Iran. Clients with comorbid d iagnosis of DSH, especially drug use warrant specif ic attention in emergency rooms.
Methods for the analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid-ribonucleic acid hybridization data.

Bolle, A. , Epstein, R. H. , Salser, W. & Geiduschek, E. P. (1968). J. molec. Biol. 31, 325. Bremer, H. , Konrad, M. & Bruner, R. (1966). J. molec. Biol. 16, 104. Chamberlin, M. & Berg, P. (1962). Proc. nat. Acad. Sci., Wash. , 48, 81. Cohen, S. N. & Hurwitz, J. (1967). Proc. nat. Acad. Sci., Wa8h. , 57, 1759. Colvill, A. J. E. , Kanner, L. , Tocchini-Valentini, G. P., Sarnat, M. T. & Geiduschek, E. P. (1965). Proc. nat. Acad. Sci., Wa8h. , 53, 1140. Fox, C. F. & Weiss, S. B. (1964). J. biol. Chem. 239, 175. Fraser, S. & Jerrel, J. (1953). J. biol. Chem. 205, 291. Furth, J. J., Hurwitz, J. & Goldman, M. (1961). Biochem. biophy8. Res. Commun. 4, 362. Geiduschek, E. P., Moohr, J. W. & Weiss, S. B. (1962). Proc. nat. Acad. Sci., Wa8h. , 48,1078. Geiduschek, E. P., Nakamoto, T. & Weiss, S. B. (1961). Proc. nat. Acad. Sci., Wa8h. , 47, 1405. Geiduschek, E. P., Snyder, L. , Colvill, A. J. E. & Sarnat, M. (1966). J. molec. Biol. 19, 541. Gillespie, D. & Spiegelman, S. (1965). J. molec. Biol. 12,829. Green, M. H. (1964). Proc. nd. Acad. Sci., Wa8h. , 52, 1388. Hall, B. D. , Nygaard, A. P. & Green, M. H. (1964). J. molec. Biol. 9, 143. Hurwitz, J., Furth, J. J., Anders, M. & Evans, A. (1962). J. biol. Chem. 237, 2752. Jones, 0. W. & Berg, P. (1966). J. molec. Biol. 22, 199. Khesin, R. B. , Gorlenko, Z. M. , Shemyakin, M. F. , Bass, I. A. & Prozorov, A. A. (1963). Biokhimiya, 28, 1070. Luria, S. E. (1965). Biochem. biophy8. Res. Commun. 18, 735. Maitra, U. , Nakata, Y. & Hurwitz, J. (1967). J. biol. Chem. 242, 4908. Mandell, J. D. & Hershey, A. D. (1960). Analyt. Biochem. 1, 66. Nakamoto, T. , Fox, C. F. & Weiss, S. B. (1964). J. biol. Chem. 239, 167. Richardson, J. P. (1966). J. molec. Biol. 21, 83. Robinson, W. S. , Hsu, W. T. , Fox, C. F. & Weiss, S. B. (1964). J. biol. Chem. 289, 2944. Steck, T. L. , Caicuts, M. J. & Wilson, R. G. (1968). J. biol. Chem. 243, 2769. Weiss, S. B. & Nakamoto, T. (1961). Proc. nat. Acad. Sci., Wash. , 47, 1400.
Structural modulations of the envelope gp120 glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 upon oligomerization and differential V3 loop epitope exposure of isolates displaying distinct tropism upon virion-soluble receptor binding

We investigated the binding of conformation-dependent anti-V2, anti-V3, and anti-CD4-binding site monoclonal antibodies to monomeric and virion-associated gp120 from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates displaying marked differences in cell tropism. For all viruses examined, we found that the half-maximal binding values of the anti-V2 and anti-CD4-binding site antibodies with virion-associated gp120 were higher than those with monomeric gp120, but the maximum amount of antibodies bound was diminished only for one of the anti-V2 antibodies tested. These observations suggest that upon gp120 oligomerization, the V2 loop and CD4-binding site undergo conformational changes and that particular epitopes within these domains are occluded in the oligomeric gp120. In contrast, although the overall binding patterns and half-maximal binding values of the anti-V3 loop antibodies tested were similar with monomeric and oligomeric gp120, all the V3 loop epitopes examined were less accessible to antibody binding on the virion surface. This masking of the V3 loop is more pronounced for the primary-like macrophage-tropic isolates examined. Lastly, we observe that upon soluble receptor-virion binding, specific V3 loop epitopes that differ for viruses displaying different tropisms are exposed.
Kinetochore Function and Chromosome Segregation Rely on Critical Residues in Histones H3 and H4 in Budding Yeast

Accurate chromosome segregation requires that sister kinetochores biorient and attach to microtubules from opposite poles. Kinetochore biorientation relies on the underlying centromeric chromatin, which provides a platform to assemble the kinetochore and to recruit the regulatory factors that ensure the high fidelity of this process. To identify the centromeric chromatin determinants that contribute to chromosome segregation, we performed two complementary unbiased genetic screens using a library of budding yeast mutants in every residue of histone H3 and H4. In one screen, we identified mutants that lead to increased loss of a nonessential chromosome. In the second screen, we isolated mutants whose viability depends on a key regulator of biorientation, the Aurora B protein kinase. Nine mutants were common to both screens and exhibited kinetochore biorientation defects. Four of the mutants map near the unstructured nucleosome entry site, and their genetic interaction with reduced IPL1 can be suppressed by increasing the dosage of SGO1, a key regulator of biorientation. In addition, the composition of purified kinetochores was altered in six of the mutants. Together, this work identifies previously unknown histone residues involved in chromosome segregation and lays the foundation for future studies on the role of the underlying chromatin structure in chromosome segregation.
On a pseudo‐rebreathing technique to assess the ventilatory sensitivity to carbon dioxide in man.

1. The ventilatory sensitivity to carbon dioxide obtained from a step‐ramp CO2 challenge was compared to the CO2 sensitivity from the steady‐state method. 2. Experiments were performed in nine healthy male subjects against a background of hyperoxia and in two subjects against a background of normoxia. 3. In each subject experiments were performed in which the stepwise increase in end‐tidal PCO2 above its resting value (A) was varied (range 0‐2 kPa) and the subsequent rate of rise of end‐tidal PCO2 in time (R) kept constant at 0.6 or 0.8 kPa min‐1. 4. The results of the hyperoxic experiments show that the slope of the non‐steady‐state ventilatory response to CO2 (Sn) is greatly influenced by the magnitude of A. An increase of A of 1 kPa results in a 54% increase of the ratio non‐steady‐state ventilatory CO2 sensitivity to steady‐state ventilatory CO2 sensitivity (Ss). The magnitude of R plays a minor role in determining Sn. The normoxic experiments gave similar results. 5. In experiments performed during hyperoxia Sn approximates Ss when the magnitude of A is 0.5 kPa. 6. The results are discussed and related to a physiological model. Simulations with representative values for the model parameters are in fair agreement with experimental values.
YB‐1 promotes transcription of cyclin D1 in human non‐small‐cell lung cancers

Cyclin D1, an oncogenic G1 cyclin, and YB‐1, a transcription factor involved in cell growth, are both over‐expressed in several human cancers. In human lung cancer, the functional association between YB‐1 and cyclin D1 has never been elucidated. In this study, we show YB‐1 is involved in the transcription of cyclin D1 in human lung cancer. Depletion of endogenous YB‐1 by siRNA inhibited progression of G1 phase and down‐regulated both the protein and mRNA levels of cyclin D1 in human lung cancer cells. Forced over‐expression of YB‐1 with a cyclin D1 reporter plasmid increased luciferase activity, and ChIP assay results showed YB‐1 bound to the cyclin D1 promoter. Moreover, the amount of YB‐1 mRNA positively correlated with cyclin D1 mRNA levels in clinical non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis also indicated YB‐1 expression correlated with cyclin D1 expression in NSCLC specimens. In addition, most of the cases expressing both cyclin D1 and CDC6, another molecule controlled by YB‐1, had co‐existing YB‐1 over‐expression. Together, our results suggest that aberrant expression of both cyclin D1 and CDC6 by YB‐1 over‐expression may collaboratively participate in lung carcinogenesis.
Design and Analysis of SIW Cavity Backed Dual-Band Antennas With a Dual-Mode Triangular-Ring Slot

Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity backed dual-band triangular-ring slot (TRS) antennas are proposed for planar integration. First, a low profile dual band 45 ° linearly polarized (LP) antenna is designed and analyzed. The dual-mode TRS is proposed and developed by simultaneously exciting the mode of the slot and the mode of the patch inside the slot. To minimize the antenna size, the lowest mode (TE110 mode) of the SIW cavity is adopted to excite the TRS. The -10 dB impedance bandwidth at the higher band is 5.9%, 58.3% wider than that of the conventional SIW cavity backed slot antenna. The interactions of the SIW cavity, the slot mode and the patch mode are analyzed with circuit models and verified by full wave simulations, which provides a new insight into the SIW cavity backed antennas. Then, by exciting a pair of the 45° LP antennas with an SIW coupler, a circularly polarized (CP) dual band antenna with a small frequency ratio of 1.26 is developed. The two antennas are fabricated and tested, and the measured and simulated results agree well.
Anaesthesia and morbid obesity

The prevalence of morbid obesity is increasing in the UK. Recent UK government statistics suggest that 20% of adults are obese and 1% morbidly obese. Anaesthesia and surgery may entail considerable risk for obese patients. Obesity is a multi-system disorder, particularly involving the respiratory and cardiovascular systems; therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is required. This article presents a broad overview of the pathophysiological and practical considerations for anaesthetizing such patients for major (non-bariatric) surgery. A body mass index (BMI) of . 35 kg m with associated comorbidity, or . 40 kg m without significant comorbidity, is considered to be morbidly obese; . 55 kg m is considered super-morbidly obese (Table 1). However, morbidity and mortality increase sharply when BMI is . 30 kg m, particularly in smokers, and risk is proportional to duration of obesity. For a given BMI, men are at higher risk of cardiovascular complications than women. Obesity is described classically as conforming to an android or gynaecoid fat distribution (‘apples and pears’). Both the actual BMI of a particular patient and the distribution of fat are important considerations. The gynaecoid fat distribution characteristically involves more fat distributed in peripheral, sites (arms, legs, and buttocks). An android fat distribution involves more central fat (intraperitoneal fat, including involvement of the liver and omentum). Specific definitions have been proposed based on the waist-to-hip ratio. A value . 0.8 in women or 1.0 in men is typical of the android distribution. Although the android distribution predominates in males and is associated with a higher risk of morbidity, either distribution can occur in each gender. Weight loss reduces risk for both groups. Obese people have greater energy expenditure than lean individuals, and this is balanced by increased caloric intake. Basal metabolic rate is ‘normal’ in obese individuals when corrected for body surface area. However, with increasing weight, body surface area increases and hence absolute basal metabolic rate values are higher than in lean individuals. Consequently, there is a greater absolute oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.
Roepke Lecture in Economic Geography—Who Needs the Nation-State?

abstract The nation-state has long been under attack from liberal economists and cosmopolitan ethicists alike. But it has proved remarkably resilient and remains the principal locus of governance as well as the primary determinant of personal attachments and identity. The global financial crisis has further underscored its centrality. Against the background of the globalization revolution, the tendency is to view the nation-state as a hindrance to the achievement of desirable economic and social outcomes. Yet it remains indispensable to the achievement of those goals.