Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An investigative study of the experiences of elderly people in a South African black township

The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences which impact on aspects of the lives and sense of well-being of elderly people in a township in South Africa in order to make recommendations for future service delivery. A cross- sectional, qualitative survey was carried out in Mfuleni Township, a part of the Cape Metropolitan Region in the Western Cape. Sixteen people of ages ranging from 60-82 years were conveniently selected from a group of elderly people who meet regularly at a community centre. Data were collected through focused group discussions and unstructured interviews. Analysis of data revealed three main categories namely, psychological/ emotional, socio-economic and health, under which different themes emerged. The experiences of individuals in a given society may vary, but somehow, their basic rights tend to be universal as revealed by the literature. Loneliness and isolation, lack of recreation facilities, loss of dignity and respect, poor health services and lack of shelter are some of the experiences expressed by the elderly people in this sample. These experiences highlight the need for clearly stated policies and commitment by governmental and non-governmental structures, appropriate health service strategies and improved socio-economic standards supported by properly researched data.
Shifts in plant communities caused by vegetation clearing in powerline corridors

vii 1.0 Introduction . 1 2.0 Materials and Methods . 5 2.1 Study sites and sampling design . 5 2.2 Field data collection . 6 2.3 Extraction of data from digital sources and the literature . 7 2.4 Statistical Analysis . 8 2.4. 1 Response variables . 8 2.4. 2 Explanatory variables . 9 3.0 Results . 11 3.1 Effect on total species richness and richness of forbs species . 11 3.2 Effect on diversity and compositional dissimilarity . 15 3.3 Effect on the cover of forbs, shrubs, heather, bilberry and cultural landscape species . 18 3.4 Effect on mosses, lichens and ellenberg functional groups . 24 4.0 Discussion . 25 5.0 Conclusion . 29 6.0 References . 30
BREASTFEEDING PRACTICES IN RURAL EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH : A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Breastfeeding practices can have substantial effects on infant‟s health & mortality in developing countries. This is an extract of cross sectional study undertaken from December 2009 to February 2010 in Rural Health Training Centre, Chiraigaon, the field practice area of area of department of Community Medicine, IMS, BHU. The objective was to describe the breastfeeding practices prevalent in the study area & its association with the selected socio-economic & demographic factors. A total of 200 mothers having children less five years old were interviewed . Data collection for breastfeeding practices was restricted to the last born children . Univariate regression analysis was done to investigate the association between breastfeeding practices and several explanatory factors. The study revealed that among the interviewed mothers, 45 per cent initiated breast feeding with in 24 hrs of birth. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months was only 21 per cent in the present study. It was observed that the literate women were more likely to initiate breastfeeding early in comparison to illiterates. Significant association was also found between the time of initiation of breastfeeding and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, there is a need for promotion of good breastfeeding practices among expectant mothers and also in the community, especially the families.
Increased drag reduces growth of snails:comparison of flume and in situ experiments

Snails Littorina littorea with and without artificial epibionts were exposed in situ for nearly 1 mo. Measurement of individual shell length increase over this period revealed that clean snails grew 3 times faster than fouled snails. These results compare well with previously conducted flume experiments (Wahl 1996). This epibiosis effect is thought to be due to increased drag-the only feature distinguishing the 2 treatment groups-caused by the presence of epibionts on the shell. Increased drag probably entails higher energy expenditure for pedal activities (attachment and locomotion) and a reduced allocation of resources towards growth and, possibly, reproduction
Tailoring an Evidence-Based Practice Fellowship to Meet Learning Needs of Bedside Nurses

The ability for nurses to practice to the fullest level of their education and expertise in order to optimize patient care is an ideal vision for nursing practice. While healthcare quality has improved over the past decades, delays continue in transferring current information from research to patient care. Many nurses are not experienced in transferring research into practice. This paper describes the process for planning, implementing and evaluating the evidence-based practice (EBP) Fellowship that transferred these critical skills to five bedside nurses. All five Fellows implemented evidence in their area of practice with significant positive changes in patient outcomes. The results from the Fellowship indicate that we met and exceeded the goals of transferring the knowledge, skills and attitudes for EBP to bedside nurses. Unexpected outcomes included the development of leadership and presentation skills as all five of the Fellows disseminated the results of their successful projects regionally and nationally.
Gender Employment Longevity: I.T. Staff Response to Organizational Support in Pakistan

This research attempts to explain reasons behind employment longevity on the basis of gender among the I.T staff. Previous empirical researches have confirmed the correlation between organisational commitment, job satisfaction, and organisational support programme. However, most researches were single dimension primarily due to their focus on establishing the relationship between above mentioned variables in different organisational settings whereas, this research mainly explore on the grounds of gender’s impact of organisational support programme on the affective, normative, and continuance commitment of I.T staff. Furthermore, the causes and consequences of organisational support programme on I.T personnel is elaborated though "Hypothetico-Inductive-Deductive Model". This cross sectional study is commenced at Incisivesoft (I.T firm), following post-positivism research philosophy. Mixed research method has been used to explore both qualitative as well quantitative aspects related to research problem, using "Online Survey questionnaire" and "In-depth Interviews" as main research instruments used to collect responses from the sample size of 103 participants. The results reveal that organisational support programme has more impact on the female professionals in the I.T firms as compare to male staff. In the comparative analysis of three dimensions of organizational commitment, normative commitment and continuance commitment is high in female employees whereas male employees have high affective commitment. Moreover, research found that cultural influence is key factor for female's strong obligation towards firm. On the other hand, majority of male employees have "situational commitment" which reflects that their performance is highly driven by the situation at hand. Furthermore, this paper found that female employees are more loyal towards organisation whereas male are high performers but have low level of loyalty towards the organisation due to intense competition in the I.T sector of Pakistan.
Suidae and Sanitheriidae from Wadi Moghra, Early Miocene, Egypt

New suid and sanithere material from Wadi Moghra, early Miocene, Egypt, is described and discussed. The new material greatly improves the sample size and diversity of suoids known from North Africa, and includes one species of Sanitheriidae and three species of Kubanochoerinae. The Moghra suoid assemblage most closely resembles that from Gebel Zelten, Libya, suggesting that at least part of the Moghra deposits may overlap in time with part of Zelten, i.e., is equivalent in age to MN 4–5 of the European mammal zonation, or PIII of the East African one. Information from suids and sanitheres is consistent with previous interpretations, that the Moghra deposits were formed under swampy and littoral paleoenvironmental conditions.
Liquidity and Corporate Debt Market Timing

This paper investigates whether firm managers time debt issuances according to market liquidity conditions. Using transactions data in the U.S. market from July 2002 to December 2009, our results show that both the moment and volume of debt issuance are significantly associated with periods of high aggregate liquidity in the corporate bond market. The result is especially strong when liquidity is aggregated across bonds in the same risk class. Splitting the sample into timers and nontimers, we find that liquidity timers benefit from issuing in moments of debt overpricing obtaining financing at much lower cost.
Malting Barley Diseases, Yield and Quality – Responses to Using Various Agro-Technology Regimes

Abstract Pyrenophora teres (net blotch) and Cochliobolus sativus (spot blotch), the most widely spread diseases in the Northern Baltic region, have high impact on cereal production. The effect of three levels of fertilisation and two fungicide treatments on the severity of barley diseases, grain yield and quality traits (protein content, test weight, thousand kernel weight (TKW), grading) was tested during a period of three years. Weather conditions during the growing season highly determined disease severity, yield and quality. In addition, the infection level of P. teres was more dependent on fungicide treatment (p ≤ 0.001) and barley variety (p ≤ 0.001) while C. sativus infection was influenced more by fertilisation (p ≤ 0.001) and year x fertilisation interaction (p ≤ 0.001). Fungicide treatment had no influence on grain yield and protein content, but slightly improved TKW (p ≤ 0.05), test weight (p ≤ 0.001) and grading (p ≤ 0.001). However, these quality traits were mostly influenced by barley variety (p ≤ 0.001). TKW and test weight were highest at fertilisation level N80P12K43. The effect of year and fertilisation contributed significantly to the grain protein content. Grain yield and protein content were highest at the maximum fertiliser application (N100P15K54).
Energy values of traditional ingredients and sugarcane yeast for laying hens

An experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) values of corn, soybean meal (SBM), soybean oil (SO) and sugarcane yeast (SY) (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). A metabolism trial was performed with 120 Dekalb White laying hens at 65 weeks of age, using the method of total excreta collection. Birds were housed in metabolism cages and distributed according to a completely randomized design into five treatments with, six replicates of four birds each. The experimental period consisted of four days of adaptation and four days of excreta collection. The experimental diets included: a reference diet based on corn and SBM and four test diets containing 40% corn, 30% SBM, 10% SO or 30 % SY. The chemical compositions of the tested ingredients, expressed on "as-is" basis were: 86.9, 87.29, 87.32 and 99.5% dry matter; and 3.51, 2.08, 99.31 and 0.03 ether extract for corn, SBM, SO and SY, respectively. Corn, SBM, and SO presented 7.33, 43.61 and 24.64% crude protein, and 0.58, 5.07 and 6.77% ash, respectively; and crude fiber contents of corn and SBM were, respectively, 2.24% and 3.56%. The following AME and AMEn (kcal/kg dry matter) values were obtained: 3,801 and 3,760 kcal/kg for corn, 2,640 and 2,557 kcal/kg for SBM, 8,952 and 8,866 kcal/kg for SO, and 1,023 and 925 kcal/kg for sugarcane yeast, respectively.
Community Libraries in Nepal

The Rural Education and Development (READ) international nongovernmental organization (NGO) is working in the most remote areas in Nepal to build community libraries and fill them with rich resources of information and books. READ is revolutionizing the very definitions of library and outreach in communities that hunger for resources and greater empowerment by partnering with these communities to develop self-sustaining library community centers. In this article we provide an evaluation of READ and its pioneering approach to promoting information and literacy. We also describe how this model may effectively inform literacy efforts in the United States and throughout the world.
Selective Dorsal and Ventral Processing: Evidence for a Common Attentional Mechanism in Reaching and Perception

The primate visual system can be divided into a ventral stream for perception and recognition and a dorsal stream for computing spatial information for motor action. How are selection mechanisms in both processing streams coordinated? We recently demonstrated that selection-for-perception in the ventral stream (usually termed “visual attention”) and saccade target selection in the dorsal stream are tightly coupled (Deubel & Schneider, 1996). Here we investigate whether such coupling also holds for the preparation of manual reaching movements. A dual-task paradigm required the preparation of a reaching movement to a cued item in a letter string. Simultaneously, the ability to discriminate between the symbols “E” and “∃” presented tachistoscopically within the surrounding distractors was taken as a measure of perceptual performance. The data demonstrate thatdiscrimination performance is superior when the discrimination stimulus is also the target for manual aiming; when the discrimination stimulus and point.
Marketing Artificial Reef as Recreational SCUBA Diving Resources: Feasibility Study for Sustainable Tourism

Indonesia is known as a coastal country which has rich natural resources. Indonesia’s islands have attracted scuba divers globally to dive and experience the sensation of Indonesia’s maritime ecosystem. Previous studies have shown that scuba diving as an ecotourism object is able to contribute both positive and negative impact to the environment and the local communities. World Resource Institute reported that 45% of coral reefs in Indonesia face a high level of threat, and this ecosystem can still be aided by the presence of artificial reefs. This study focuses to understand the feasibility of implementing artificial reef to boost local community and boost their economy in order to preserve the environment for sustainability.
Air demand in gated tunnels - a Bayesian approach to merge various predictions

High flowrate through gated tunnels may cause critical flow conditions, especially downstream of the regulating gates. Aeration is found to be the most effective and efficient way to prevent cavitation attack. Several experimental equations are presented to predict air demand in gated tunnels; however, they are restricted to particular model geometries and flow conditions and often provide differing results. In this study the current relationships are first evaluated, and then other approaches for air discharge estimation are investigated. Three machine learning techniques are compared based on the flow measurements of eight physical models, with scales ranging from 1:12–1:20, including the fuzzy inference system (FIS), the genetic fuzzy system (GFS), and the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The Bayesian Model Average (BMA) method is then proposed as a tool to merge the simulations from all models. The BMA provides the weighted average of the predictions, by assigning weights to each model in a probabilistic approach. The application of the BMA is found to be useful for improving the design of hydraulic structures by combining different models and experimental equations.
Application of Stable Signal Recovery to Seismic Data Interpolation

We propose a method for seismic data interpolation based on 1) the reformulation of the problem as a stable signal recovery problem and 2) the fact that seismic data is sparsely represented by curvelets. This method does not require information on the seismic velocities. Most importantly, this formulation potentially leads to an explicit recovery condition. We also propose a large-scale problem solver for the `1regularization minimization involved in the recovery and successfully illustrate the performance of our algorithm on 2D synthetic and real examples.
SOHO CTOF Observations of Interstellar He+ Pickup Ion Enhancements in Solar Wind Compression Regions

We present a recent analysis with 1996 SOHO CELIAS CTOF data, which reveals correlations of He+ pickup ion fluxes and spectra with the magnetic field strength and solar wind density. The motivation is to better understand the ubiquitous large variations in both pickup ion fluxes and their velocity distributions found in interstellar pickup ion datasets. We concentrate on time periods of that can be associated with compression regions in the solar wind. Along with enhancements of the overall pickup ion fluxes, adiabatic heating and acceleration of the pickup ions are also observed in these regions. Transport processes that lead to the observed compressions and related heating or acceleration are discussed. A shift in velocity space associated with traveling interplanetary compression regions is observed, and a simple model presented to explain this phenomenon based on the conserved magnetic adiabatic moment.
Weathering rates in the Hietajärvi Integrated Monitoring catchment

Rates of Ca and Mg release by weathering were calculated for four soil profiles (Haplic Podzols) in a small forested catchment in eastern Finland (63°10'N, 30°43'E). Three of the profiles were developed on glacifluvial fine sand and one on till, and all derived from granodiorites. Soil weathering rates (mmol c m -2 a -1 ) were calculated using three methods: Zr depletion, Ca + Mg\temperature sum regression, and the PROFILE model. The first two methods give long-term average rates while the latter gives the current rate. According to the Zr depletion method, the weathering rate of Ca was 7-32 (mean = 19) and that of Mg, 3-16 (mean = 9). According to the regression method, the weathering rate of Ca was 14-19 (mean = 15) and that of Mg, 5-9 (mean = 7). The mean values using the PROFILE model were 10 (Ca) and 3 (Mg). Values were corrected for stone content. Catchment input-output budgets gave values of 18 (Ca) and 8 (Mg).
Impacts of Integrated Crop-livestock System on Soil Surface Greenhouse Gas Fluxes at a Farm Scale in South Dakota

IMPACTS OF INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEM ON SOIL SURFACE GREENHOUSE GAS FLUXES AT A FARM SCALE IN SOUTH DAKOTA BRANT DOUVILLE 2017 Grazing and cover crops (CC) can impact soil nutrient cycling but may increase the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils. However, little is known about their impacts on soil properties and soil surface GHG emissions in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS) in South Dakota, USA. The present study was conducted at a farm scale at the Research Farm of South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, to assess the impact of cover crops and grazing on soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and bulk density (BD), and soil surface carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes. Study treatments included grass dominated mixture CC and broadleaf dominated mixture CC, both with and without grazing, and the control field with no CC or grazing. Soil BD samples were collected using a 5 cm diameter and 5 cm height core from 0-5 and 5-15 cm depths. Additionally, soil samples were collected from 0-5, 5-15, and 15-30 cm depths using a manual push probe to measure the soil EC and pH. The BD was conducted using the core method. Soil pH and EC was measured using a suspended sample consisting of soil (air-dried) and water (soil:water), with an Orion Star pH and EC meter. Soil surface GHG fluxes were monitored using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) static chambers (25 cm diameter x 15 cm height) installed in the field. Gas samples were taken daily in 2016, and weekly, depending on weather conditions, in 2017.
Between Maharam's and von Neumann's problems

In the context of definable algebras Maharam’s and von Neumann’s problems essentially coincide. Consequently, random forcing is the only definable ccc forcing adding a single real that does not make the ground model reals null, and the only pairs of definable ccc -ideals with the Fubini property are (meager,meager) and (null,null). In Scottish Book, von Neumann asked whether every ccc, weakly distributive complete Boolean algebra carries a strictly positive probability measure. Von Neumann’s problem naturally splits into two: (a) whether all such algebras carry a strictly positive continuous submeasure, and (b) whether every algebra that carries a strictly positive continuous submeasure carries a strictly positive measure. The latter problem is known under the names of Maharam’s Problem and Control Measure Problem (see [16], [9], [5, §393]). While von Neumann’s problem has a consistently negative answer ([16]), Maharam’s problem can be stated as a 1 statement and is therefore, by Shoenfield’s theorem, absolute between transitive models of set theory containing all countable ordinals. Theorem 0.1. Let I be a c.c. c. -ideal on Borel subsets of 2 ! that is analytic on G . The following are equivalent:
MEASURING EMERGING STOCK MARKET CORRELATIONS UTILIZING THE GRAVITY MODEL

Gravity models have been employed in determining international trade patterns among countries. In these models, geographical and cultural variables are found to be crucial factors of economic relations. This particular study suggests that application of gravity modeling also is useful for the explanation of stock market correlations. This study uses panel data to examine the effect of geographical, cultural, market size and economic variables on the stock market correlations in emerging markets. Empirical analysis found that distance, market size and legal system similarities have a profound impact on stock market correlations. This knowledge is an important prerequisite for the risk reduction.
Migration and morphometrics of Temminck's Stint Calidris temminckii at Ottenby, southern Sweden

Data are reported from 55 years of ringing and observation on the migration of Temminck's Stint Calldris temminckii at Ottenby Bird Observatory, Sweden. Numbers ringed have declined since the 1940s due to high numbers caught in 1948 and 1949. Thereafter there is no clear trend. The overall autumn migration direction of 13 recoveries is south‐southwest, with a concentration of recoveries in northeast Italy. Median date of spring passage was 20 May, while median date of autumn passage was 28 July for adults and 20 August for juveniles. Hence, the duration of the breeding season is about two months. On autumn migration, adults carry larger fuel (fat) loads (32% of lean body mass, LBM) than juveniles (21.2%), and so adults are capable of a direct flight to the northeast Italian stopover, while the average juvenile cannot do so unless assisted by winds. Over the autumn migration season, fuel loads did not change in adults but late migrant juveniles had higher fuel loads. The maximum rate of fuel accumulation was 7.7% of LBM, which is near the physiological maximum. The maximum migration speed was estimated to be 150 km/day.