Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Antiseptic Effect of VACWM Therapy : A Case Report

This case report illustrates that the continuous removal of inflammatory exudates from the abdomen might be a key factor in the treatment of septic shock in patients with an open abdomen. The vacuum assisted wound closure with mesh mediated traction technique has clearly proven his feasibility when it comes to closing rate of the abdomen. However, up to this moment, there is little evidence about the effect of continuous removal of inflammatory as cites on the septic status of the patient. Jens Goeteyn*, Aude Vanlander and Frederik Berrevoet Department of General and HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Ghent University, Belgium Jens Goeteyn, et al. Annals of Clinical Case Reports Gastroenterology Remedy Publications LLC. , | http://anncaserep.com/ 2016 | Volume 1 | Article 1174 2 pace (Figure 2). Biochemical inflammatory markers decreased rapidly after this moment. Discussion In recent years, laparotomy management has gone through various evolutions with the introduction of a wide variety of technical modifications [6]. Vacuum therapy is the most used TAC. Various studies have shown that VAC therapy is an excellent answer for IAH and ACS, drains the abdomen of exudate, reduces the rate of abscess formation and has a low incidence of intestinal fistula formation [2,5,10-12]. VAC systems alone, however, cannot prevent fascial retraction [6]. For this reason, it must be combined with another technique that facilitates approximation of the fascia. The combination of fascial traction and vacuum therapy has first been described in 2003 by Nasvaria et al. [13]. He combined retention sutures with a vacuum pack. Fantus et al. [14] described the use of the Wittmann patchTM in combination with vacuum pack. Pettersson et al. [4] was the first to combine a polypropylene mesh and vacuum-assisted closure system in a series of seven patients. Since this first pilot study, more studies have focused on the use of this novel VAWCM therapy. Acosta et al. [2] reported primary fascia closure of 76.6% in the intention-to-treat analyses. Intestinal fistulae occurred in 7.2% of the population. In a multivariate analysis, they found that age and failure of fascial closure were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. In a followup study by Bjarnason 66% of patients had an incisional hernia one year after OA treatment. No patients were documented with a giant ventral hernia [3]. A study by Kleif et al. [5] reports fascial closure only in 44% of patient. However, this was a small sample study and a mesh was only inserted when fascia closure deemed impossible to the surgeon with vacuum-assisted therapy alone. The ability of inflammatory as cites to propagate systemic inflammation has recently been the subject of many studies. Although there is no consensus about the specific pathway that causes severe A B
Cochlear Function and Speech Recognition in the Elderly: Funcián coclear y discriminación del lenguaje en los adultos mayores

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the performance of elderly subjects in advanced tests that assess primary cochlear functions (temporal summation, frequency selectivity, cochlear mechanics) and relate them to speech recognition scores. The results show that measures of primary cochlear function in elderly subjects are worse than in young adults, suggesting that receptor failure is primarily involved in ‘presbyacusis’. Moreover, the data suggest that significant changes in the conductive structures within the inner ear could be involved in age-related hearing loss. Peripheral function deterioration seems to be highly relevant for speech recognition; in fact, it was found that the elderly with the poorest speech recognition scores also had the worst frequency selectivity.
Outcome of type-1 tympanoplasty.

OBJECTIVE The outcome of 97 patients who underwent tympanoplasty type-1 surgery by different ear, nose and throat surgeons was evaluated. METHODS This retrospective study was carried out from the records pertaining to all patients who had tympanoplasty type-1 at King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraidah, Al-Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during the years April 1995 through to April 2000. Specific criterias were setup for selecting all the patients involved and excluding others. Thus 97 ears were selected in this study. The factors presumed to influence the outcome included age, sex, nationality, affected ear, middle ear status at surgery, perforation size and surgical approach and techniques chosen by different surgeons. These data was collected in a set out proformae and tables and analyzed and discussed. RESULTS The patients age ranged from 11-45 years with a mean of 26.3, standard deviation 7.6 in all selected patients and also in the successful group. Very few children from age of 11-16 were involved. The male female ratio was 1:1.4 in the total selected group and 1:1.6 in the successful group. The success rate was 80% in males and 87.7% in females (p value 0.301). The results obtained showed no significant difference due to these factors except the permeatal approach (p<0.045) as compared to endaural approach. In this series the overall graft success rate was 84.5% in the total of 97 patients selected for the study. CONCLUSION The overall success rate coincided with published literature from elsewhere. The factors presumed to influence the outcome of tympanoplasty type-1 surgery showed no significant difference, except the permeatal approach as compared to endaural approaches.
Identification of the CD85 antigen as ILT2, an inhibitory MHC class I receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily

The CD85 molecule was originally defined at the Fifth Workshop on Leucocyte Antigens in 1993 by two monoclonal antibodies, VMP55 and GHI/75. This cell‐surface glycoprotein is expressed on B cells, monocytes, and subpopulations of T and natural killer (NK) cells, and particularly high levels are expressed by normal and neoplastic plasma cells and by hairy cell leukemia B cells. We affinity purified the CD85 antigen and obtained tryptic peptide sequence which indicated that this molecule might be ILT2, a recently described inhibitory major histocompatibility complex class I receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This was confirmed by showing that both of the original anti‐CD85 mAbs stained ILT2 transfectants. The cell signaling role demonstrated for ILT2 is consistent with the previously reported involvement of CD85 in T cell activation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 65: 841–845; 1999.
Propagation of lead in the human body

Lead is a toxin that has well known side effects including fatigue, muscle pain, impaired kidney function, lower IQs for children, and brittle bones. Lead can be absorbed into the body through paint, air, water, and various other consumer products. Once ingested, blood transports lead throughout the body. The vast majority of lead absorbed in the body accumulates in the bone. Here we explore a three-compartment nonlinear ODE model for lead in blood, cortical bone, and trabecular bone. Thereafter, we compare the ODE results with a PDE model in which it is assumed that lead slowly diffuses through the bone. Numerical solutions of the model ODE equations suggest that in order to have results which are consistent with experimental data, one should assume nonlinear interactions between the blood and cortical bone, but linear interactions between the blood and trabecular bone. On the other hand, we find that the PDE model we use does not provide for a good comparison with the data. We briefly touch upon some possible reasons for this discrepancy, and ways in which the model could be improved.
Palmitic Acid and Health: Introduction

ABSTRACT Interest in the dietary role and metabolic effect of saturated fatty acids has been recently renewed on the basis of epidemiologic observations and economical approach to health and well-being. Saturated fats may favorably increase blood HDL-Cholesterol levels without significant changes of the total cholesterol/HDL-Cholesterol ratio. Also, the negative effect of saturated fat on cardiovascular diseases risk has recently been challenged. Palmitic acid, among all, may have special structural and functional roles in utero and in infancy, and indeed is it is being delivered in a unique form in human milk. Future research should include objective cost-benefit analyses when disentangling the role of saturated fats in dietary recommendations.
Improvement in preventive care of young adults after the affordable care act: the affordable care act is helping.

IMPORTANCE The 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) included expansion of insurance coverage for young adults and improved access to preventive care. OBJECTIVE To examine the ACA's initial effects on young adults' receipt of preventive care. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Secondary data analysis using a pre-post design that compared health care use by young adults (aged 18 to 25 years) from 2009 and 2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys. Data were collected through computer-assisted personal interviews of a nationally representative sample of the noninstitutionalized US population. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Differences by year in rates of receiving a routine examination in the past year, blood pressure screening, cholesterol screening, influenza vaccination, and annual dental visit. Three logistic regression models were developed to (1) compare pre-ACA (2009) and post-ACA (2011) rates of receiving preventive care and (2) determine if post-ACA increases in insurance coverage accounted for changes in preventive care rates. Model 1 was a bivariate model to determine differences in preventive care rates by year; model 2, a multivariable model adding insurance status (full-year private, full-year public, partial-year uninsured, and full-year uninsured) to determine whether insurance accounted for survey year differences; and model 3, a multivariable model adding covariates (usual source of care and sociodemographic variables) to determine whether they further accounted for differences by survey year or insurance status. RESULTS After ACA, young adults had significantly higher rates of receiving a routine examination (47.8% vs. 44.1%; P < .05), blood pressure screening (68.3% vs. 65.2%; P < .05), cholesterol screening (29.1% vs. 24.3%; P < .001), and annual dental visit (60.9% vs. 55.2%; P < .001) but not an influenza vaccination (22.1% vs. 21.5%; P = .70). Full-year private insurance coverage increased (50.1% vs. 43.4%; P < .001), and rates of lacking insurance decreased (partial-year uninsured, 18.4% vs. 20.7%; P = .03; and full-year uninsured, 22.2% vs. 27.1%; P < .001). Full-year public insurance rates remained stable (9.4% vs. 8.8%; P = .53). Insurance status fully accounted for the pre- and post-ACA differences in routine examination and blood pressure screening and partially accounted for year differences for cholesterol screening and annual dental visits. Covariate adjustment did not affect year differences. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The ACA provisions appear to increase insurance coverage and receipt of preventive services among young adults. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings as other ACA provisions are implemented.
Immunodeficiencies in chronic muco-cutaneous candidosis.

Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses have been investigated in fifteen patients with chronic muco-cutaneous candidosis and appropriate controls. An impaired cellular response to Candida albicans was found in all patients by the cytotoxicity test, using specifically activated lymphocytes which were reacted against 51Cr labelled chicken red cells. Migration of guinea-pig macrophages was not inhibited by supernatants from stimulated leucocyte cultures in eleven out of twelve patients and similar results were found when these patients were skin tested for delayed hypersensitivity. A significant though low grade lymphocyte transformation reaction was detected in five patients, two of whom yielded a negative delayed skin reaction. Responses to unrelated antigens, such as PPD and Herpesvirus hominis Type 1 were also impaired in some patients but to a lesser extent than to Candida albicans. It is suggested that chronic muco-cutaneous candidosis shows a spectrum of increasing cell-mediated immunodeficiencies which can be ranked into six grades. Chronic oral candidosis has a limited cellular immune defect (Grades A, B and C) whereas in the muco-cutaneous candidosis a more severe immunodeficiency is found (Grades D, E and F). Serum IgG and IgM antibodies to Candida were largely impaired in all but one grade of immunodeficiency (Grade E), whereas salivary IgA antibodies were deficient in the three more severe grades of immunodeficiencies (D, E and F).
New drugs in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas

Purpose of review Currently, there are no curative therapies for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), and consecutive treatments tend to be given until loss of response. There is an urgent need for new and improved therapies in CTCL to treat symptoms such as pruritus and painful skin lesions and prolong survival. This article reviews new drugs available for CTCL. Recent findings CTCL encompasses a group of T-cell neoplasms presenting in the skin without systemic involvement. Mycosis fungoides being the most common type and Sézary syndrome the leukaemic form. Treatment is dependent on stage and responses to previous therapy. Treatments are broadly divided into skin-directed therapies which are first-line for early stage disease and systemic therapy reserved for refractory or advanced stage CTCL. This article reviews mode of action, responses and adverse effects of new drugs being considered for CTCL. Summary Most drugs for CTCL have response rates between 30 and 40%, and response durations tend to be less than a year. As such new studies looking at drug combinations or as maintenance therapy in those with a response to previous therapy should be trialled and may offer improved quality of life and outcome in CTCL.
Efficacy and safety of the fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal system (ITS) and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA) with morphine for pain management following abdominal or pelvic surgery.

OBJECTIVE The fentanyl HCl iontophoretic transdermal system (ITS) has effectively managed pain following several types of surgery. This study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and ease of care associated with fentanyl ITS and morphine intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA) for pain management following abdominal or pelvic surgery. DESIGN This open-label, multicenter, randomized, active-controlled, parallel-group, phase IIIb study enrolled 506 postoperative patients at 39 U.S. sites. Patients received fentanyl ITS (40 microg fentanyl/dose) or morphine IV PCA (1 mg morphine/dose). The primary efficacy measure was demonstrating equivalence on the patient global assessment (PGA) of the method of pain control in the first 24 hours of treatment between the groups. RESULTS Percentages of patients in the fentanyl ITS and morphine IV PCA groups reporting PGA ratings of "good" or "excellent" in the first 24 hours were statistically equivalent (84.9% vs 84.3%, respectively; difference = 0.7%, 95% CI: -5.6% to 7.0%). Equivalence was also demonstrated based on mean last pain intensity scores in the first 24 hours (3.0 vs 2.9, respectively; difference = 0.1, 95% CI: -0.28 to 0.43). Overall discontinuation rates were not significantly different between groups (16.7% vs 11.8%, respectively; P = 0.128). Patients and nurses reported better ease-of-care ratings for fentanyl ITS than for morphine IV PCA. Commonly occurring adverse events were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS Fentanyl ITS and morphine IV PCA were comparable methods of pain control following abdominal or pelvic surgery; however, fentanyl ITS was rated better than morphine IV PCA for ease of care by patients and nurses.
Experiences of women in obtaining human immunodeficiency virus testing and healthcare services

Purpose: Over a decade ago, the U.S. Public Health Service recommended routine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing for pregnant women. Despite this recommendation, nearly 30% of pregnant women report not being tested. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe personal experiences of women in obtaining HIV testing and healthcare services in east Texas. Data sources: A secondary data analysis was conducted using audiotapes and transcriptions from structured group interview data obtained from HIV‐positive and high‐risk negative women residing in east Texas (n = 64). Conclusions: Content analysis revealed three patterns: living with stigma; struggling to be healthy; and getting along, day by day. Additional findings indicated that women are more likely to access HIV testing if they are assured of confidentiality and women living with HIV are more likely to remain in the healthcare system if healthcare professionals are supportive, knowledgeable, and nonjudgmental. Implications for practice: Healthcare professionals must engage in self‐reflection to conscientiously uncover their true feelings related to caring for women with or at risk for HIV disease. Once providers acknowledge that their beliefs and values differ from their clients, they will be able to minimize personal biases that interfere with HIV testing and healthcare services.
Physical evidence of a plasmid in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Cultures of Neisseria gonorrhoeae started with type 1 colonies were examined for the presence of plasmids. The cells were grown in a biphasic system containing 8-14C-adenine, then lysed. After most of the chromosomal DNA was removed by centrifugation, the remaining lysate was added to an ethidium bromide-cesium chloride solution and centrifuged to a density equilibrium. Fractions were collected and counted. A peak of radioactivity was observed in the denser fractions (30-40) that contain the covalently closed, circular DNA plasmid molecules. Treatment of the lysates with RNase removed some of the counts at the bottom of the gradient, but it had no apparent effect on the plasmid-containing fractions. The culturing, lysing, and labeling techniques described provide the means to investigate other isolates of N. gonorrhoeae for plasmids that may possess the genetic information for bacteriocinogeny and/or pili.
Cerebral Localization of Functions and the Neurology of Language: Fact versus Fiction or Is It Something Else?

Over the last 15 years there has been a burgeoning number of publications using functional brain imaging (>40,000 articles based on an ISI/Web of Science search) to localize behavioral and cognitive processes to specific areas in the human brain that are often not confirmed by traditional, lesion-based studies. Thus, there is a need to reassess what cerebral localization of functions is and is not. Otherwise, there is no rational way to interpret the escalating claims of localization in the functional imaging literature that is taking on the appearance of neurophysiologic “phrenology”. This article will present arguments to suggest that functional localization in the brain is a robust but very dynamic, four-dimensional process. It is a learned phenomenon driven over time by large-scale, spatially distributed, neural networks seeking to efficiently maximize the processing, storage, and manipulation of information for cognitive and behavioral operations. Because of historical considerations and space limitations, the main focus will be on localization of language-related functions whose theoretical neurological basis can be generalized for any complex cognitive-behavioral function.
Co‐induction of nitric oxide synthase and cyclo‐oxygenase: interactions between nitric oxide and prostanoids

1 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) co‐induces nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclo‐oxygenase (COX‐2) in J774.2 macrophages. Here we have used LPS‐activated J774.2 macrophages to investigate the effects of exogenous or endogenous nitric oxide (NO) on COX‐2 in both intact and broken cell preparations. NOS activity was assessed by measuring the accumulation of nitrite using the Griess reaction. COX‐2 activity was assessed by measuring the formation of 6‐keto‐prostaglandin F1α (6‐keto‐PGF1α) by radioimmunoassay. Western blot analysis was used to determine the expression of COX‐2 protein. We have also investigated whether endogenous NO regulates the activity and/or expression of COX in vivo by measuring NOS and COX activity in the lung and kidney, as well as release of prostanoids from the perfused lung of normal and LPS‐treated rats.
A targeted resequencing gene panel for focal epilepsy

Objectives: We report development of a targeted resequencing gene panel for focal epilepsy, the most prevalent phenotypic group of the epilepsies. Methods: The targeted resequencing gene panel was designed using molecular inversion probe (MIP) capture technology and sequenced using massively parallel Illumina sequencing. Results: We demonstrated proof of principle that mutations can be detected in 4 previously genotyped focal epilepsy cases. We searched for both germline and somatic mutations in 251 patients with unsolved sporadic or familial focal epilepsy and identified 11 novel or very rare missense variants in 5 different genes: CHRNA4, GRIN2B, KCNT1, PCDH19, and SCN1A. Of these, 2 were predicted to be pathogenic or likely pathogenic, explaining ∼0.8% of the cohort, and 8 were of uncertain significance based on available data. Conclusions: We have developed and validated a targeted resequencing panel for focal epilepsies, the most important clinical class of epilepsies, accounting for about 60% of all cases. Our application of MIP technology is an innovative approach that will be advantageous in the clinical setting because it is highly sensitive, efficient, and cost-effective for screening large patient cohorts. Our findings indicate that mutations in known genes likely explain only a small proportion of focal epilepsy cases. This is not surprising given the established clinical and genetic heterogeneity of these disorders and underscores the importance of further gene discovery studies in this complex syndrome.
Plasma tubes becoming collimated as a result of magnetohydrodynamic pumping

Collimated magnetized plasma structures are commonly observed on galactic, stellar, and laboratory scales. The Caltech plasma gun produces magnetically driven plasma jets bearing a striking resemblance to astrophysical jets and solar coronal loops by imposing boundary conditions analogous to those plasmas. This paper presents experimental observations of gun-produced plasma jets that support a previously proposed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pumping model [ P. M. Bellan, Phys. Plasmas 10, 1999 (2003) ] as a universal collimation mechanism. For any initially flared, magnetized plasma tube with a finite axial current, the model predicts (i) magnetic pumping of plasma particles from a constricted region into a bulged region and (ii) tube collimation if the flow slows down at the bulged region leading to accumulation of mass and thus concentrating the azimuthal magnetic flux frozen in the mass flow (i.e., increasing the pinch force). Time- and space-resolved spectroscopic measurements of gun-produced plasmas have confirmed the highly dynamic nature of the process leading to a collimated state, namely, (i) suprathermal Alfvenic flow (30–50 km/s), (ii) large density amplification from ~ 10^(17) to ~ 10^(22) m^(−3) in an Alfvenic time scale (5–10 μs), and (iii) flow slowing down and mass accumulation at the flow front, the place where the tube collimation occurs according to high-speed camera imaging. These observations are consistent with the predictions of the MHD pumping model, and offer valuable insight into the formation mechanism of laboratory, solar, and astrophysical plasma structures.