Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does environmental awareness determine GDP growth ? evidence from Singapore based on ARDL and NARDL approaches

Global environmental pollution has been rapidly growing over the past few years, causing global warming and drastic climate changes. There are efforts carried out by individuals and entities to minimize the level of pollution worldwide. This study attempts to investigate the nexus relationship between carbon emissions, FDI inflows, exports and GDP. Having an open economic setting, heavy reliance on FDI and exports, as well as high rate of carbon emissions, Singapore appears to suit the study. The analysis is carried out using standard time-series techniques, supplemented by ARDL and NARDL tests on annual data spanning from 1970 to 2017. The empirical results tend to suggest that the nexus relationship is statistically significant, the rate of carbon emissions really influences GDP through FDI and that the CO2 emission is the most exogenous among the variables. This study is consistent with the “no pain all gain” slogan by which implementation of policies related to carbon emissions is expected to expand GDP growth due to the awareness of investors regarding environmental issues. Our findings are of great importance to the development policies in countries facing similar challenges.
Stem Careers and the Changing Skill Requirements of Work

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) jobs are a key contributor to economic growth and national competitiveness. Yet STEM workers are perceived to be in short supply. This paper shows that the â€œSTEM shortageâ€ phenomenon is explained by technological change, which introduces new job skills and makes old ones obsolete. We find that the initially high economic return to applied STEM degrees declines by more than 50 percent in the first decade of working life. This coincides with a rapid exit of college graduates from STEM occupations. Using detailed job vacancy data, we show that STEM jobs change especially quickly over time, leading to flatter age-earnings profiles as the skills of older cohorts became obsolete. Our findings highlight the importance of technology-specific skills in explaining life-cycle returns to education, and show that STEM jobs are the leading edge of technology diffusion in the labor market.
Effective Language Teaching in Large Classes

With more and more people who are jumping into the line of learning the second language (especially English),and also due to the limited resources in language teaching,many foreign language teachers are nowadays confronting the large classes when teaching.So how to teach foreign language effectively in large classes has become an issue as well as a special field to make researches in.
Effect of Organisational Culture on Customer Satisfaction in Selected Nigerian Banks: Evidence from Multiple Age Bands

This study investigated the extent to which technology-banking culture impacts on customer satisfaction with age cum generational differentials as moderating factor. A Likert-type survey was administered, via convenience sampling, to customers of Zenith Bank, First Bank, Fidelity Bank, Guarantee Trust Bank and Access Bank at the corporate headquarters of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). 300 copies of the survey were distributed while 259 customers responded, representing 86.3% of the administered instrument. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that customers across all age categories gain significant satisfaction from tech-banking culture. However, compared to younger customers, older customers are practically more inclined to face-to-face (FTF) banking. Both the younger tech-savvy generation and the older techno-phobic generation are equally dissatisfied with the use of automated helpdesks. It was recommended that other Nigeria-based businesses, inclusive of government parastatals and establishments, should fully adopt technology-driven systems and processes towards earning Nigeria a better technology-compliance status as an upcoming economy provided that they also eliminate automated machines and leverage on humans for the delivery of helpdesk services. Keywords: Organizational Culture, Customer, Customer Satisfaction DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-18-01 Publication date :June 30 th 2019
Age estimation from voice in the Cantonese elderly population: influence of listener’s age and stimulus types

ABSTRACT Voice provides listeners with cues to estimate the age of the speaker. Age estimation is a subjective process and its accuracy can be influenced by various factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of listener’s age and speech stimulus types on age estimation. Sixty listeners (30 younger and 30 elderly) participated in the study. The listeners gave their direct age estimation for 32 speakers based on four types of stimulus: sustained vowel prolongation, sentence, passage and monologue. The results showed that in general, listeners tended to under-estimate age of elderly speakers but over-estimate age of younger speakers. Younger listeners were able to make more accurate age estimation than elderly listeners. Speech stimulus types could influence the accuracy of age estimation from voice. Connected speech stimuli were more effective than sustained vowel prolongation in providing listeners with cues for age estimation.
When astrophysics meets lay and specialized audiences: titles in popular and scientific papers

In this study we carry out a comparative analysis between titles of research papers published in the most authoritative specialized European and US-based astrophysics journals written in English and titles of articles on astrophysics published in Scientific American Magazine, the most prestigious English-written journal in the divulgation of science. We specifically address issues related to three linguistic variables: title length, title lexical density and title type. Our main results show that titles of research papers published in scientific journals are much longer than titles of articles published in Scientific American Magazine. Lexical density is also higher in scientific titles than in popular science ones. Scientific American Magazine titles are formulated in a clear and direct way, with no syntactic complexity. They consist primarily in simple and nominal constructions with a low presence of adjectives, compound groups and technical terminology. The predominance of nominal compounds over adjectival ones and the use of proper names, which mainly refer to well-known stars, planets, satellites and galaxies, imply that popular science titles usually deal with more global and well established concepts. The higher number of verbal titles and of definite articles in popular science titles when compared to scientific titles may also be interpreted as a greater desire to generalize the ideas presented. This study may be applied to languages other than English and would surely be of the utmost importance to determine the design of titles of scientific and popular science papers, not only in astrophysics but also in other fields.
The Demand for Money in Developing Countries : Assessing the Role of Financial innovation

Traditional specifications of money demand have been commonly plagued by persistent overprediction, implausible parameter estimates, and highly autocorrelated errors. This paper argues that some of those problems stem from the failure to account for the impact of financial innovation. We estimate money demand for ten developing countries employing various proxies for the innovation process and provide an assessment of the relative importance of this variable. We find that financial innovation plays an important role in determining money demand and its fluctuations, and that the importance of this role increases with the rate of inflation.
The role of macroeconomic constraints on cash conversion cycle: evidence from the Turkish manufacturing sector

ABSTRACT The cash conversion cycle is a crucial firm-level factor in liquidity in sustainable firm growth; therefore, the effects of macroeconomic factors on cash conversion cycle have high importance to economic development and growth in developing countries, such as Turkey. Unlike previous studies, we use a set of different macroeconomic variables (growth volatility, inflation, and real exchange rate) to check the effects of macroeconomic variables on firms’ cash conversion cycle for the Turkish manufacturing sector in the 2006–2017 period. The obtained findings show that the cash conversion cycle is affected by macroeconomic factors in the Turkish manufacturing sector.
The Comprehension of English Relative Clauses by Arabic-Speaking EFL Learners

This study investigates the extent to which 50 Arabic-speaking EFL learners comprehend English relative clauses (RCs). It also aims to test which relative pronoun among the seven pronouns we are investigating is the easiest to comprehend and which is the most problematic. Furthermore, it aims to measure whether the English proficiency level of the participants affects their performance on the test. Therefore, a multiple-choice test was administered in order to examine their comprehension of this complex syntactic structure. The participants were asked to choose the correct answer out of four choices. The results demonstrate that Arabic-speaking EFL learners may not be fully aware of English relative clauses (total percentage= 48.5%). The t-test shows that the English proficiency level affected the participants’ performance on the test. Consequently, there is a significant difference between the answers of the advanced learners (ALs) (61.3%) and those of the intermediate learners (ILs) (35.6%). Moreover, the results reveal that the easiest relative pronoun to comprehend is the pronoun when , and the most difficult one is the pronoun whom . This study accounts for these difficulties and concludes with pedagogical implications and recommendations for further research.
Introduction To Cyclotomic Fields

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Okun's Law; Fit at 50?

This paper asks how well Okun’s Law fits short-run unemployment movements in the United States since 1948 and in twenty advanced economies since 1980. We find that Okun’s Law isa strong and stable relationship in most countries, one that did not change substantiallyduring the Great Recession. Accounts of breakdowns in the Law, such as the emergence of“jobless recoveries,” are flawed. We also find that the coefficient in the relationship—the effect of a one percent change in output on the unemployment rate—varies substantially across countries. This variation is partly explained by idiosyncratic features of national labormarkets, but it is not related to differences in employment protection legislation.
Engineering the interface chemistry for scandium electron contacts in WSe2 transistors and diodes

Sc has been employed as an electron contact to a number of two-dimensional (2D) materials (e.g. MoS2, black phosphorous) and has enabled, at times, the lowest electron contact resistance. However, the extremely reactive nature of Sc leads to stringent processing requirements and metastable device performance with no true understanding of how to achieve consistent, high-performance Sc contacts. In this work, WSe2 transistors with impressive subthreshold slope (109 mV dec−1) and ION/IOFF (106) are demonstrated without post-metallization processing by depositing Sc contacts in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) at room temperature (RT). The lowest electron Schottky barrier height (SBH) is achieved by mildly oxidizing the WSe2 in situ before metallization, which minimizes subsequent reactions between Sc and WSe2. Post metallization anneals in reducing environments (UHV, forming gas) degrade the ION/IOFF by ~103 and increase the subthreshold slope by a factor of 10. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates the anneals increase the electron SBH by 0.4–0.5 eV and correspondingly convert 100% of the deposited Sc contacts to intermetallic or scandium oxide. Raman spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy highlight the highly exothermic reactions between Sc and WSe2, which consume at least one layer RT and at least three layers after the 400 °C anneals. The observed layer consumption necessitates multiple sacrificial WSe2 layers during fabrication. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy elucidate the enhanced local density of states below the WSe2 Fermi level around individual Sc atoms in the WSe2 lattice, which directly connects the scandium selenide intermetallic with the unexpectedly large electron SBH. The interface chemistry and structural properties are correlated with Sc–WSe2 transistor and diode performance. The recommended combination of processing conditions and steps is provided to facilitate consistent Sc contacts to WSe2.
Modelling the location choice: evidence from an evolutionary game based on regional input–output analysis

ABSTRACT This paper combines evolutionary game theory and input–output analysis to assess firms’ strategic location choice. To evaluate the model, firms competed in the automotive sector of Mercosur. To decide where to locate, the following exogenous factors were considered: potential market; local productive interdependence; tax incentive; and macroeconomic stability. Firms assigned weights to these factors in their location decision. It was found that competing in a market where there is tax exemption is not always an ideal location decision, contradicting the common-sense assumption by which there is a direct relationship between government incentives and the attractiveness of regions.
Does Import Competition Induce R&D Reallocation? Evidence from the U.S.

We analyze the impact of rising import competition from China on U.S. innovative activities, both at the firm level and at the industry level. Using Compustat firm-level data, we explore how U.S. manufacturing firms respond to Chinese competition by adjusting their R&D expenditures. As import competition is measured for each four-digit SIC industry, we identify both an average effect and a reallocation effect on R&D expenditures. Specifically, import competition induces R&D to be reallocated towards more productive and more profitable firms within each industry, even though firms on average reduce R&D expenditures. When we aggregate the firm-level effects at the four-digit industry level and for the whole manufacturing sector, the reallocation effect is large enough to offset the negative average effect. In addition, our analysis using employment data suggests that rising competition from China in manufacturing has led to reallocation of researchers towards booming service industries, including business and repairs, personal services, and financial services.
Employee engagement and two types of bureaucracy: An investigation into the top-four Iranian universities

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of bureaucratic structure on the employee engagement (EE). Our study extends previous researches by considering bureaucracy from two points of view: enabling versus hindering. We study the extent to which these two types of bureaucracy are related to the two forms of employee engagement: organizational (OE) and work engagement (WE). The viewpoints of the employees working at top-four Iranian universities have been examined through a quantitative survey. The results indicate the positive significant impact of enabling bureaucracy on both types of employee engagement with the stronger effect on work engagement among employees of universities. However, our findings show no significant impact of hindering bureaucracy on employee engagement, whether work engagement or organizational one.
Sectoral networks of transnational trade union cooperation in Europe

This network analysis of trade union cooperation in Europe uses survey data and interviews to map and analyze transnational cooperation networks in the metal, construction, transportation, and healthcare sectors. The study examines the extent to which sectoral and regional clustering tendencies exist in these networks and whether there are differences between the sectors with regard to structure, density, and central actors. The results show that networks of regular bilateral cooperation tend to stay within the sectors, and that there are tendencies toward regional clustering in all sectors. Unions in the Nordic and southern regions of Europe have a strong intraregional focus in bilateral cooperation, whereas unions in CEE and CWE countries have a greater share of interregional partners. Unions in the CWE region cluster at the core of all the networks, and German unions are the main brokers between other regions, which tend to cluster in more peripheral offshoots.
Impacts of Global-Economic-Policy Uncertainty on Emerging Stock Market: Evidence from Linear and Non-Linear Models

Global economic policy uncertainty (GEPU) is one of important phenomena in the global economy; it can impact on the overall economic performance and stock market per-formance, regardless of the status of the world economy. Thus, this paper empirically investigates the impact of global economic policy uncertainty on the Malaysian stock market over the period from 10:2003 to 2017:03. Using the GARCH model, the study demonstrates that global policy uncertainty affects the Malaysian stock market negatively. Similarly, the SVAR model also shows results consistent with the GARCH estimation. Nevertheless, the Markov switching estimation uncovers that global policy uncertainty has negative impacts on stock market performance in both low and high volatile market states. The impact is, however, greater during the high volatile state. Hence, the relationship between global economic policy uncertainty and stock market returns tends to be asymmetric. The overall empirical results infer that global economic policy uncertainty has some implications for asset pricing.
Lower and Upper Bounds of Inequality of Opportunity in Emerging Economies

Equality of opportunity is an important normative ideal that concerns politicians and the larger public alike. In spite of its wide acceptance, current estimation approaches in the literature suffer from severe data restrictions that lead to biased estimates of inequality of opportunity. These shortcomings are particularly pronounced for emerging economies in which comprehensive household survey data often is unavailable. In this paper, we address these issues by estimating lower and upper bounds of inequality of opportunity for a set of emerging economies. Thereby, we address recent critiques that worry about the prevalence of lower bound estimates and the ensuing scope for downplaying the normative significance of inequality.
Literature Review on Extractive Text Summarization Approaches

There is plenty of information available on internet. Important information can be considered by creating summary from available information. Manual creation of summary is complicated task. Therefore research community is developing new approaches to for automatic text summarization. Automatic text summarization system creates summary. Summary is shorter text that covers important information from original document. Summary can be created using extractive and abstractive methods. Abstractive methods are requires deep understanding of text. After understanding, it represents text into new simple notions in shorter form. Extractive approach uses linguistic and statistical approach for selection of sentences for summary. This paper presents an ample survey of recent text summarization extractive approaches developed in last few decades. Summary evaluation is also covered briefly in this paper. Finally this paper ends with conclusion of future research needed.
Transaction Costs, Option Prices, and Model Risk in Fair Value Accounting

This paper examines the reliability of option fair value estimates in the presence of transaction costs. The Black Scholes Merton (BSM) framework assumes zero transaction costs and thus might not provide a reasonable approximation in this context. We investigate the model adjustments companies make to their BSM models to deal with these transaction costs. We specifically examine Employee Stock Option (ESO) plans listed on the French stock exchange, as detailed disclosure on modeling is available for these ESOs. Our analysis questions the reliability of these model adjustments, especially their bias and the extent to which they provide a faithful representation of option fair values. Holding parameter values constant, we find that the model adjustments lead to a median understatement of 52% compared to the BSM model price, higher than the discount we observe for the opportunistic determination of model parameters (below 20%). The paper contributes to the fair value literature by highlighting model risk in the fair valuation of options. This model risk stems from assumptions made about the size of transaction costs and complements the notion of parameter risk analyzed in previous literature. As a result, the model itself might be a possible channel for fair value management.
Factors that Contribute to and Mediate Master’S Level Counseling Students’ Interest in Working with Older Adults

This research study served to examine factors that may contribute to and mediate masters-level counseling students interest in working with older adults. A review of literature on factors related to counselors’ interest in working with older adults established potential relationships between Contact Knowledge of aging, Attitudes/Ageism (expected to be a negative correlation), Counseling Older Adult Selfefficacy (COASE) and Interest in working with older adults. Based on the Social Cognitive Career Theory, COASE was predicted to be impacted by Contact measures and correlated with Attitudes and Knowledge. A sample of 303 masters-level counseling students completed the Student Interest in Gerocounseling Scale (SIGS), Ambivalent Ageism Scale (AAS), Gerontological Counseling Competencies Scale (GCCS), and an adapted Contact Scale. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to examine the hypothesized relationships between the variables and revealed that Contact Quality, and COASE predict Interest in working with older adults. COASE was also found to partially mediate the relationship between Contact Quality and Interest. Additional findings were also discussed along with limitations, areas for further research, and implications for counselor education. NATHANIEL J. WAGNER COUNSELOR EDUCATION AND SUPERVISION WILLIAM AND MARY Factors that Contribute to and Mediate Masters Level Counseling Students’ Interest in Working with Older Adults WORKING WITH OLDER ADULTS 2