Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Issues Affecting the Adoption and Usage of Mobile Instant Messaging in Semi-Rural Public Schools of South Africa for Learning

Mobile instant messaging technologies have become popular among the youth, they predominantly use it to socialise, communicate and share information anywhere and anytime and it provides the platform which learners can use for learning from specialists across the world. This study was conducted in semi-rural schools in the Vhembe District in Limpopo Province of South Africa. Diffusion of innovation theory was used to determine factors that could promote the adoption of mobile instant messaging for learning mathematics in semi-rural public schools. IBM SPSS Statistics 20 for analysis was used to analyze data. However, learners in most semi-rural public schools in South Africa appear not to be aware of mobile instant messaging for learning and are not adopting and using it despite its availability and convenience. It was also found that most learners and educators never used mobile instant messaging for learning, because they had never heard of it. Lack of awareness of mobile instant messaging was found as one of the factors hindering learners to adopt mobile instant messaging for learning in South African semi-rural public schools.
The Influence of Firing Line Active Learning Approach on Students’ Motivation in Learning Mathematics

This research was carried out because of the low motivation of grade 8 students in SMPN 01 Tenjo and the conventional teacher centred method used in their mathematics classroom. The aim of this research was to identify whether there is an influence of firing line active learning approach on students’ motivation in learning mathematics. This research used quasi experimental posttest only control design. The subject if this research were the students at SMPN 01 Tenjo grade 8 in two classes 8.1 and 8.2 with the total number of students are 65 students. In order to get the data, students learning motivation questionnaire used in this research. Then, t-test used to analyse the data. It was proven by the results of tvalue = 2.043 and ttable = 1.998. (2.043 > 1.998). It was found out that the average score of students’ mathematics learning motivation in experiment class (which use firing line active learning approach) is greater than in the control classroom (that use conventional learning method). In conclusion, the firing line active learning approach influenced students’ motivation in learning mathematics.
Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy versus Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease: Tomographic Characteristics

Objective: To report a case of a male patient with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) mimicking acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, discuss imaging findings and review pertinent tomography literature contributing to this diagnostic challenge. Case Report: A twenty six year-old male presented with bilateral blurring of vision for 2 weeks, for which he underwent full ophthalmologic examination, laboratory evaluation, B-scan ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCT disclosed multifocal intra-retinal lobulated cystic fluid collections with septae of variable thickness, disruption of the photoreceptor layer with choroidal thickening and hyper-reflectance in outer retinal layers. Conclusions: APMPPE and acute VKH can present with substantial overlap in symptoms, signs and ophthalmic imaging characteristics. OCT offers valuable information about both shared and different features. A holistic approach is necessary to reach a proper diagnosis and plan treatment and follow up.
Use of Trichoderma virens in the Control of Tomato Sclerotinia in Cote ''Ivoire

A biological control approach using Trichoderma virens has been considered in the suppression of sclerotinia in tomatoes in Côte d'Ivoire. In vivo evaluations by amendment with different doses of a formulation of T. virens (TSM) in one or two applications on naturally infested Songon soils and artificially inoculated soils with an isolated strain in the Songon market garden perimeter. Growth parameters, flowering time and disease severity were noted to see the effect of the different treatments. The results showed that the incidence of sclerotinia is reduced in both types of soil amended with T. virens. In addition, transplants on soils treated with T. virens have better vegetative growth compared to transplants on control soils. The 200 g dose of TSM applied once or twice was more effective in both reducing disease and stimulating plant growth. These results are of interest for the use of this biological fungicide as an alternative to chemical control of Sclerotium rolfsii in tomato cultivation.
On the oscillation of third-order quasi-linear delay differential equations

Abstract The aim of this work is to study asymptotic properties of the third-order quasi-linear delay differential equation , (E) where and τ(t) ≤ t. We establish a new condition which guarantees that every solution of (E) is either oscillatory or converges to zero. These results improve some known results in the literature. An example is given to illustrate the main results.
Effective Marginal Tax Rates of Pension Systems

This paper aims to answer the question of how pension systems impact labour supply in a framework where agents face uncertainty about their future incomes. I demonstrate that the effective marginal tax rate, which takes into account both payroll taxes and future benefits, can be derived directly from the first order conditions of an optimizing household, and decompose it into five intuitive components. Using a lifecylce model calibrated to the US economy, I then calculate that the effective marginal tax rate of 4% lies significantly below the statutory rate of 11%. Contrary to previous work, I find that this rate does not differ significantly by income. However, this homogeneity hides significant differences in the composition of the effective tax rates, with borrowing constraints driving the tax rate for low income households, while high income households are primarily impacted by the redistribution inherent in the US pension system. Finally, I show that it would be possible to reduce this rate by an additional 3% points by replacing the current US pension system with a linear pension that pays the same average replacement rate.
Visual outcome after cataract surgery in a tertiary eye hospital of Chittagong district, Bangladesh

To evaluate the visual outcome in patients who have had their cataract surgery in a tertiary hospital of Chittagong district in Bangladesh. This is a clinic-based study of consecutive cataract-operated patients who had age-related cataract with vision less than <6/60 before surgery. A total of 228 patients who visited the hospital and met the eligibility criteria were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 62.46± 10.14 years and 134 (58.8%) were female. A total of 456 surgeries were performed on 228 patients. The most common procedure was small incision cataract surgery (SICS) with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, operated in 422(92.5%) eyes. Among cataract-operated eyes, 290 (64%) had presenting vision >6/18 and <6/60 were found in 11 (2.4%) eyes. In most of the cases, visual acuity has improved after best correction as the percentages with the best correction were 402(88%) and 7(1.55%) respectively. Analysis of multiple logistic regression shows that patient’s older age (OR 9.101; 95% CI 3.331, 24.869), gender female (OR 2.374 CI 1.403, 4.017), literacy (OR 1.660; CI 1.009, 2.733) and SICS surgery technique (OR 3.540; CI1.298, 9.659) were significantly associated with poor visual outcome. Overall, this study demonstrates that cataract surgery can restore good visual acuity. However, the visual outcome needs to be improved to meet the WHO standard, and more attention should be directed towards monitoring of outcomes and correction of refractive error after cataract surgery. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(3): 212-218
The Effects of Working Memory Training and Encoding Strategy on Working Memory Capacity

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Background . 1 Working Memory: General Definitions . 2 Working Memory: Components and Theory . 6 Working Memory Training . 12 Working Memory: Strategies . 20 The Present Study . 24 CHAPTER TWO: METHOD Participants . 30 Materials . 31 Working Memory Measures . 31 Working Memory Training . 34 Procedure . 35 Design and Data Analysis . 38 CHAPTER THREE: RESULTS . 39 CHAPTER FOUR: DISCUSSION . 45 APPENDIX A: FIGURES . 56 APPENDIX B: IRB APPROVAL . 66 REFERENCES . 68
Use of Experimental Design to Evaluate the Effect of the Incorporation of Quartzite Residues in Ceramic Mass for Porcelain Tile Production

The potential of using quartzite residues in the composition of an industrial ceramic mass for porcelain tile production was investigated through experimental design. Chemical, physical and microstructural analyses were accomplished to understand how the incorporation of quartzite residues affects the material, before and after sintering. Central composite design was used to analyze the effects of firing temperature (1143; 1160; 1200; 1240; 1257oC) and residue content (1.76; 3; 6; 9; 10.24 wt.%) on the physical-mechanical properties of the material, and regression models correlating these factors to the response variables linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent density and flexural strength were adjusted. Firing temperature had statistically significant effect on the response variables, so that the elevation of its levels contributed to the properties improvement. Residue content presented nonsignificant effect. In conclusion, specimens containing quartzite residues, up to 10.24 wt. %, sintered at 1240 and 1257oC, fulfil the ISO 13006 requirements for porcelain tiles.
Long-term outcomes of pediatric meningioma surgery: single center experience with 23 patients.

AIM Childhood meningiomas are rare group of tumors that differ from adult counterparts and there is paucity of literature regarding their long-term outcomes. In this study, our aim was to evaluate long-term outcomes and prognostic variables in a surgical cohort of pediatric meningiomas treated at a single institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS Medical records and follow-up notes of 23 pediatric patients (age 18 years) harboring 27 meningiomas operated between 1994 and 2019 at Hacettepe University Children's Hospital were evaluated. RESULTS There were 12 male and 11 female patients. Mean age at presentation was 13.1±4.4 years. There were one patient with NF1 and 5 patients with NF2. Most common location of tumor was convexity (n=6) and parasagittal/falcine (n=6). Gross total resection was performed in 70.4% of cases. WHO grade I tumors accounted for 56% of all cases, whereas high grade meningiomas were present in 44% (33% grade II, 11% grade III). Mean follow-up duration was 10.3±7.7 years. Three patients (13%) died during follow-up, and 76.2% of the patients had favorable outcome (GOS 3) at the time of last follow-up assessment. Relapses occurred in 10 patients (43.5%). In univariate analysis, low histologic grade (p=0.030) and gross total resection (p=0.024) were associated with favorable outcome. 10-year overall survival rate was 86%. CONCLUSION Meningiomas in the pediatric age group are surgically treatable tumors with fairly good outcomes. However relapses are not uncommon even for low grade tumors, therefore long-term surveillance and aggressive treatment is needed.
The early Famennian recovery of phoebodont sharks

Early Famennia microvertebrates from the Cape Fortune Member, Parry Islands Formation, of the Beverley Inlet area of Melville Island, Arctic Canada, comprise the teeth and possible scales of a new phoebodontid shark, Phoebodus rayi sp.n. , of a protacrodont shark, Protacrodus aequalis IVANOV, and rare teeth of other sharks. The new phoebodont from the early Famennian crepida Zone is closely related to the Lazarus taxon, Ph. typicus GINTER & IVANOV. Ph. typicus emerges in the early Famennian Late triangularis Zone following the phoebodont shark hiatus subsequent to the Kellwasser Event which apparently caused extinction of most earlier phoebodonts.
Analysis of Taxpayers' Non-compliance Factors Based on the Results of the Tax Audit and the Opinion of the Tax Auditor in Indonesia

One cause which makes tax revenue in Indonesia is not yet optimal because the lack of compliance of the taxpayer to fulfill their tax obligation. Tax compliance is a problem which happened in almost all country applying taxation system. The result of the tax audit is one of the media which can be used to evaluate the tax compliance of the taxpayer. This research describes the factor that causes the non-compliance of the taxpayer in Indonesia based on the correction in tax audit report and the opinion of the tax auditor. This research shows the analysis and auditor’s point of view and tax auditor report, which is different from the research with taxpayer sample. This research uses qualitative methods. The sample of this research uses a tax audit report based on the tax inspection on 2013-2015. An interview and questionnaire filling methods are conducted for 30 tax auditors. This research shows the analysis of non-compliance tax factor based on the result of tax audit and tax auditor opinion. One factor that causes the noncompliance of the taxpayer is they do not understand the tax rules. Keyword: Tax audit report, Tax non-compliance, Tax regulations, Indonesia
Chemical Properties of the Saccular Endolymph in the Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri

Saccular endolymph was analyzed for electrolyte composition and total CO2 content in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. The endolymph contained a potassium concentration of 26 times as high as in serum. Sodium concentration was slightly lower while chloride concentration was slightly higher in the endolymph than in serum. The calcium and magnesium concentrations were about 60% of those of serum. Total CO2 (mostly HCO,-) and pH values of the endolymph considerably surpassed those of serum and varied diurnally, almost paralleling between the two fluids. Total CO2 indicated high and low levels during light and dark photoperiods respectively, and pH changed conversely. Acetazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, induced increases in total CO2 and calcium levels, and a decrease in pH in saccular endolymph and serum. A single injection of estradiol-l 7 j3 resulted in marked hypercalcemia, while calcium concentration in the endolymph remained unaffected. The inner ear of teleosts is composed of a membranous labyrinth which differs greatly from that of mammals in the complete absence of a cochlea. The labyrinth is generally divided into a pars superior (semicircular canals and utriculus) and a pars inferior (sacculus and lagena). The pars superior is concerned with the maintenance of equilibrium and the pars inferior functions as a receptor of gravity and sound (Lagler et al., 1962; Lowenstein, 1971). In rainbow trout (non-Ostariophysi), the sacculus is a closed sac filled with endolymph and contains a large calcified stone, or otolith (sagitta). The otolith, at least in part, is directly in contact with the lymph and probably functions to generate microphonic potential by vibrating and stimulating sensory hair cells in the macula. The otolith also serves to date the fish because daily and seasonal growth marks are recorded on its surface. Therefore, it would be important to elucidate physicochemical properties of the endolymph for otolith maintenance as well as auditory physiology. In mammals, the production and electrochemical composition of inner ear (cochlear) endolymph have been studied by many researchers, and the stria vascularis is considered to be a site of fluid production. The endolymph is well defined in composition by high potassium and low sodium, showing intracellular-like composition (Sterkers et al., 1984). In fish, however, little is known concerning these aspects of endolymph physiology. As far as the authors are aware, the only two studies on sodium and potassium determinations in the saccular endolymph of teleosts are by Enger (1964) and Fange et al. (1972), who showed that sodium concentration in the fluid was not as low as in mammals. • Laboratory of Physiology and Ecology, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University (~tw)ll:*,,#-7.K. tli':,,#-ll1lt:j::J! ,,#-1=. rm"#-~Jm:)
Can we save near-dying games? An approach using advantage of initiative and game refinement measures

Games are attractive and engaging due to the complexity they pose to the player. Some games are complex enough which made them attractive to play. However, popular games would lose their attractiveness due to the large advantage of initiative. Highperformance AI like AlphaZero suggests from their actual games played that advantage of the first player would become larger as the performance level increases. This implies that games with a large advantage of the initiative would lose their attractiveness due to the unfairness. This paper explores an innovative way to make a game stay attractive. A link between the advantage of initiative and performance level is investigated while using Scrabble AI. Using two measures: the advantage of initiative and game refinement, possible treatments are considered. The experimental results with Scrabble AI suggest that reduction of search space from 15x15 to 13x13 board size is a possible enhancement.
Outcomes and Determinants of Success of a Performance Payment Scheme for Carnivore Conservation

This paper presents a first empirical assessment of the outcomes and determinants of carnivore conservation success in Sweden’s pioneer performance payment scheme. Carnivores in northern Sweden depend on reindeer as prey which causes conflicts with reindeer herders. As compensation and conservation incentive, the government issues performance payments to reindeer herder villages based on the number of carnivore offspring certified on their land. The villages decide on the internal use and distribution of the payments. In the literature, it is generally assumed that benefit distribution rules are exogenously given. We extend the literature by developing a model to investigate such rules as endogenous decision. We hypothesize that conservation success is determined by natural geographical factors and each village’s capability to engage in collective action to manage the internal payments so that conserving rather than hunting carnivores becomes villagers’ optimal strategy. The hypotheses developed are tested with empirical village and household-level data from Sweden. The paper concludes that if limited hunting is legal, conservation success strongly depends on villages’ potential for collective action and their payment distribution rule. In cases without legal hunting, performance payments together with penalties on poaching provide sufficient incentives for herders to refrain from illicit hunting. Furthermore, the data reveals that villages’ group size has a direct negative effect on conservation outcomes as predicted by collective action theory. However, there is also an indirect effect which positively impacts conservation outcomes through the payment distribution rule. This result, at least in part, revises the general collective action hypothesis on purely negative effects of group size and highlights the importance of investigating factors driving groups’ internal benefit distribution rules.
Age and metallicity gradients support hierarchical formation for M87

In order to probe the inside-out formation of the most massive galaxies in the Universe, we have explored the radial (0.1 < R < 8 kpc) variation of the spectral energy distribution (SED) of M87 from UV to IR. For this purpose, we have combined high resolution data in 16 different bands. Our analysis indicate that the age of the stellar population of M87 remains almost unchanged with radius. However, the metallicity ([Z/H]) profile presents three different zones: the innermost kpc shows a plateau with supersolar metallicity, followed by a decline in metallicity down to 5 kpc and another plateau afterwards. The size of the inner plateau is similar to the expected size (Re) of an object with the predicted mass of M87 at z=2. The global [Z/H] gradient is -0.26 +- 0.10, similar to those found in other nearby massive ellipticals. The observed change in the stellar population of M87 is consistent with a rapid formation of the central part (R<5 kpc) of this galaxy followed by the accretion of the outer regions through the infall of more metal-poor material.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MUSIC THERAPY ON ANXIETY AND Β-ENDORPHIN LEVELS IN PRIMIGRAVIDA DURING THE THIRD STAGE OF PREGNANCY

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of music therapy on anxiety levels and β-endorphin levels in primigravida during the third stage of pregnancy. Methods: This was a quasy experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. The research was conducted in December 2016 - Januari 2017. There were 39 respondents selected using purposive sampling technique, which 13 assigned in the experiment group 1 (music therapy with a sound pressure of 40 dB), experiment group 2 (music therapy with a sound pressure of 62 dB) and control group (health counseling). Anxiety levels were measured using the HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale), and β-endorphin hormone levels were measured using ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. Data analysis used paired t-test, One-Way Anova test with post-hoc bonferroni, and Kruskall Wallis test with post-hoc Mann Whitney. Results: Findings revealed that there was a decrease of the mean of anxiety levels in the experiment group 1 from 31.92 (pretest) to 24.69 (posttest), and the experiment group 2 from 34.54 (pretest) to 25 (posttest) with p-value <0.05; and there was an increase of the mean of β-Endorphin levels in the experiment group 1 from 53.63 (pretest) to 63.24 (posttest), and the experiment group 2 from 48.55 (pretest) to 64.9 (posttest) with p-value <0.05; however there was no effect of counseling in the control group on anxiety levels (p=0.413) and β-Endorphin levels (p= 0.394) Conclusion: Music therapy is effective in reducing anxiety levels and increasing β-endorphin levels. Thus, music therapy can be used as an alternative treatment for pregnant mothers at home who experienced anxiety.