Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle risk management--a qualitative analysis of women's descriptions of taking hormone therapy following surgically induced menopause.

AIM This article is a report of a study that examined how women describe their decisions in relation to the use of menopausal hormone therapy following surgical menopause. BACKGROUND Women who have had a surgically induced menopause generally experience more intense menopausal symptoms than natural menopause and are regularly prescribed menopausal hormone therapy. Since 2002 the risks associated with this therapy have been widely reported. METHOD This study is a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews between March and May 2009 with 30 participants who had experienced surgical menopause and were, or had in the past, taken menopausal hormone therapy. This was a community sample recruited in Christchurch, New Zealand. A risk management theoretical approach underpinned the analysis. FINDINGS The womens' descriptions of managing the risks associated with menopausal therapy fell into two main themes: Life has to go on and Waiting for someone to tell me. All these women had either made an active decision to continue on treatment because of the impact of menopausal symptoms or took their doctor's advice to continue. A less dominant theme but one that was also evident was Relying on my body to get me through in which the women had decided to discontinue treatment because they regarded it as unnatural. CONCLUSION The study provided insights into how women utilize an experiential reasoning process to manage the health and lifestyle risks associated with taking menopausal hormone therapy. Nurses need to be aware of how this process influences women's reasoning processes when working with women following surgical menopause.
Characterization of DNA damage induced by gamma-radiation-derived water radicals, using DNA repair enzymes.

PURPOSE To characterize the DNA damage profiles due to gamma-radiation induced water radicals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Double stranded (ds) phiX174 DNA was irradiated in aqueous solution with gamma-rays under different gassing conditions (O2, N2O or N2) and the damage profiles were determined using DNA repair enzymes. RESULTS The DNA damage profile under O2 is characterized by about equal numbers of direct single-strand breaks (ssb) and Fpg sensitive sites, whereas endonuclease III and exonuclease III sites are formed in lower amounts. The DNA damage profiles under N2O and N2 in phosphate buffer consist predominantly of direct single-strand breaks. Fpg sensitive sites dominate the DNA damage profile under N2 in phosphate buffer in the presence of the radical scavenger 2-methyl propan-2-ol, where (almost) only . H atoms are present. CONCLUSIONS Both . OH radicals and . H atoms induce direct single-strand breaks, but . OH radicals are the most effective ones. Fpg sensitive sites are induced in high amounts by both . OH radicals and H atoms, but when both types of radicals are present, the formation of Fpg sensitive sites is prevented. Hydrated electrons (e(aq)-) contribute to inactivation of DNA, although only a very small fraction of the e(aq)- is involved in this process.
Antenna Characterization for UAV Based GPS Jammer Localization

Louis Dressel is a Ph.D. candidate in the Aeronautics and Astronautics Department at Stanford University. There, he works on a joint project with both the Stanford Intelligent Systems Lab and the GPS Research Laboratory implementing control algorithms for a jammer-hunting UAV. He received his B.S. in Aerospace Engineering with a minor in Computer Science from Georgia Tech in 2013 and his Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University in 2015.
Serum Total Antioxidant Status in Severe Exacerbation of Asthma: Correlation with the Severity of the Disease

Oxidative processes, mediated by oxygen free radicals are recognized to contribute significantly to the inflammatory pathology of bronchial asthma. An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants has also been proposed in this disease. This study examines the serum total antioxidant status (TAS) in asthmatic patients with severe exacerbation of their disease and the probable correlation with clinical or laboratory findings. The TAS was measured in 20 patients (10 men and 10 women, with a mean age of 41.95 ± 20.75 years), using a colorimetric method. On the days of admission and discharge, the forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), the partial arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2), and severity criteria were recorded and correlated with TAS at the same time. The TAS was also measured in 10 healthy subjects (8 men and 2 women, mean age of 39 ± 9 years). A statistically significant decrease of TAS was observed on admission day compared to that on discharge day (0.98 ± 0.08 vs. 1.12 ± 0.17 mmol/L, p < 0.001, respectively, paired t‐test) suggesting the presence of oxidative stress during an asthma attack. The TAS on admission was also statistically significantly decreased compared to that of normal subjects (0.98 ± 0.08 vs. 1.19 ± 0.09 mmo/L, p < 0.001, respectively, paired t‐test). A statistically significant correlation was observed between FEV1change and TAS change, from admission to discharge day (r = 0.58, p = 0.007, Pearson correlation). Finally, a statistically significant correlation was found between FEV1change and TAS on discharge day (r = 0.65, p = 0.002). Decreased TAS was found during an asthma attack, probably as a consequence of increased oxidative stress. The TAS change was correlated with severity criteria, such as FEV1. Therefore, it seems that measurement of TAS could be a simple and useful tool in the evaluation of an asthma attack. The supplementary administration of antioxidants in future needs further clarification.
The effect of having a children with cerebral palsy on quality of life, burn-out, depression and anxiety scores: a comparative study.

BACKGROUND The caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) should overcome the difficulties and complications arising from their children's impairments. It may be stressful for the caregivers when the balance between these inevitable demands and their own social needs impairs. Therefore, the primary caregiver, may experience several psycho-social problems. AIM To compare the quality of life (QoL), mental health and burnout of caregivers of patients with CP and healthy controls. The effects of the functional limitations of children with CP on the QoL, mental health and burnout of caregivers have also been evaluated. DESIGN Cross-sectional, comparative. SETTING Outpatient. POPULATION One hundred and forty-three caregivers of children with CP and 60 caregivers of typically developing children were recruited for the study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inventories related to QoL, mental health and burnout of the caregivers for both groups were compared. The correlations between functional limitations of the children with CP and QoL, mental health and burnout of their caregivers have been analyzed. RESULTS Caregivers in CP group had poorer QoL, worser mental health, and higher burnout levels compared to the controls. The functional limitations of the children with CP were correlated with impairment of QoL and depression scores of their caregivers, but not with the anxiety or burnout scores. CONCLUSION Having a disabled child has interference on caregivers' QoL and mental health and increases the burnout. Furthermore, as the functional impairment level of the child increases, the interference does too. Clinical rehabilitation impact. Health professionals working in this area should also consider the mental health and the QoL of caregivers and should develop interventions that support and nurture the family as a whole.
Empirical research evaluating non-traditional approaches to managing sleep problems in children with autism

Abstract Objective: This paper examines the efficacy of non-behavioural and non-pharmacological approaches to the treatment of sleep disturbance in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases and reference lists identified eight studies that met inclusion criteria. Studies were evaluated according to (a) treatment used, (b) participants, (c) experimental design, (d) baseline measures, (e) dependent variables, (f) follow-up measures, (g) reliability and treatment integrity, (h) results and certainty of evidence and (i) implications for treatment. Results: Positive outcomes were reported for the use of massage therapy and vitamin supplements. Aromatherapy was reported to have no effect on sleep. No studies were found that examined other non-traditional treatment approaches, nor did any of the studies provide conclusive evidence. Conclusions: The limited corpus of evidence and the methodological limitations suggests that the efficacy of non-traditional approaches to treatment of sleep problems in individuals with autism is yet to be demonstrated.
The Radiographic Measurement of Ulnar Translation

Our purpose was to quantify the Gilula score for measurement of lunate uncovering, to compare it with another method of measurement and to examine the reliability of these measurements in posteroanterior (PA) views in radial and ulnar deviation. Seventy-six normal wrist arthrograms were reviewed retrospectively. Carpal height and lunate uncovering measurements were made. Statistical analysis included mixed effects models to evaluate the difference between the mean measurements in each position. Reproducibility was assessed using imprecision estimates. Normal values for the Gilula method were 40% lunate uncovering in neutral, 49% in radial and 20% in ulnar deviation. There was a statistically significant difference between the values in the different views. Ulnar translation of the carpus can be measured reliably on neutral and radially deviated PA views using the Gilula method, but the different normal values for each view should be used. The Schuind method of measurement is comparable to the Gilula method in the neutral PA view.
Meta‐barcoding of ‘dirt’ DNA from soil reflects vertebrate biodiversity

DNA molecules originating from animals and plants can be retrieved directly from sediments and have been used for reconstructing both contemporary and past ecosystems. However, the extent to which such ‘dirt’ DNA reflects taxonomic richness and structural diversity remains contentious. Here, we couple second generation high‐throughput sequencing with 16S mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) meta‐barcoding, to explore the accuracy and sensitivity of ‘dirt’ DNA as an indicator of vertebrate diversity, from soil sampled at safari parks, zoological gardens and farms with known species compositions. PCR amplification was successful in the full pH range of the investigated soils (6.2 ± 0.2 to 8.3 ± 0.2), but inhibition was detected in extracts from soil of high organic content. DNA movement (leaching) through strata was evident in some sporadic cases and is influenced by soil texture and structure. We find that DNA from the soil surface reflects overall taxonomic richness and relative biomass of individual species. However, one species that was recently introduced was not detected. Furthermore, animal behaviour was shown to influence DNA deposition rates. The approach potentially provides a quick methodological alternative to classical ecological surveys of biodiversity, and most reliable results are obtained with spatial sample replicates, while relative amounts of soil processed per site is of less importance.
Trends in emergency department use of gastric lavage for poisoning events in the United States, 1993–2003

Objective. To determine current trends in the use of gastric decontamination for the emergency department (ED) treatment of overdose patients. Methods. In the National Health Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), a weighted sampling of U.S. EDs, overdose-related visits were examined using ICD-9 CM E codes and NHAMCS' “reason-for-visit” classification. Results. From 1993 to 2003 there were an estimated 11.68 million ED-treated poisoning events. Some 13.7% of those treated were lavaged. Rates fell significantly, from an annual average of 18.7% of cases during 1993–97 to 10.3% during 1998–2003 (p < 0.001). Controlling for year, urgency, and admission status in multivariate logistic modeling, lavage was significantly and positively associated with private insurance payor status, younger age (<30), female gender, white race, 8 PM–8 AM presentation, and intentional rather than unintentional overdose. Conclusion. ED use of gastric lavage in poisoned patients has decreased significantly over the past decade but varies by demographic and non-clinical factors.
Advocating UX practice in industry: Lessons learnt from UX innovate bootcamp

Adopting UX integrally as part of the product development lifecycle is supported by Malaysian local government agency to ensure the local software and mobile companies deliver satisfactory products and services to the end users. This will help to increase sales and promote local branding to the global marketplace in the long run. We were commissioned to advocate a series of UX practices such as UX trainings, UX bootcamp and mentor-menteeship via UX Innovate Program to industry. This paper describes the experience, challenges and lessons learnt from advocating UX practice to the 19 MSC-status software and mobile companies in Malaysia.
Emergent Properties following Brain Injury: The Claustrum as a Major Component of a Pathway that Influences Nociceptive Thresholds to Foot Shock in Rats

Flinch (pain) thresholds for electric current delivered to the feet were correlated with the amount of necrosis within the diencephalon and telencephalon for rats in which seizures had been induced by lithium and pilocarpine about two months before the testing. The shared variance of the quantitative damage within the claustrum, the anterior part of the paraventricular nucleus of thalamus, (central) mediodorsal thalamus, and lateral amygdala (ventromedial part) explained 81% of the variance in the nociceptive (flinch) thresholds. A primary role of the claustrum within the neuropathways that mediate the response to the interoceptive and “painful” characteristics of stimuli is indicated. The concept of primary pathways versus “emergent” pathways subsequent to excitotoxic damage within the neuromatrix is discussed.
Detection of genotoxicity and mutagenicity of chlorthiophos using micronucleus, chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange, and Ames tests

Potential mutagenic and genotoxic effects of Chlorthiophos, an organophosphate pesticide, were evaluated using four standard assays. Five different concentrations of the pesticide were tested by an Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102, with and without S9 metabolic activation. No concentrations of Chlorthiophos showed mutagenic activity on the TA97, TA100, and TA102 strains, with and without S9 fraction, but were all mutagenic to the TA98 strain without S9. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberration (CA), and micronucleus (MN) tests were used to investigate the genotoxic effects of Chlorthiophos in human peripheral lymphocytes treated with 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL concentrations of Chlorthiophos for 24 and 48 h. The nuclear division index (NDI), replication index (RI), and mitotic index (MI) were also calculated to determine the cytotoxicity of Chlorthiophos. No increase in SCE frequency was seen for any treatment period or concentration, but Chlorthiophos at 200 µg/mL increased the frequency of CAs. Increases in MN formation were only observed at Chlorthiophos concentrations of 200 µg/mL following 24 and 48 h treatments. Chlorthiophos treatment reduced the MI and NDI significantly, but had no effect on the RI. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 937–945, 2015.
Chemotaxis of macrophages is abolished in the Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome

Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare disease characterized by microthrombocytopenia, eczema and immune deficiency. In this study a direct‐viewing chemotaxis chamber was used to analyse chemotactic responses of WAS neutrophils and macrophages in stable linear concentration gradients. In five patients with classic WAS, chemotaxis of macrophages but not of neutrophils was found to be abolished, whereas the speed of random motility of both cell types was found to be indistinguishable from control cells. This supports the existence of an essential functional link, previously suggested by biochemical studies, between Cdc42, WAS protein (WASp) and the actin cytoskeleton in primary human macrophages. Moreover, these data suggest that Cdc42‐WASp‐mediated filopodial extension is a requirement for chemotaxis but not for chemokinesis in these cells. Abnormal directional cell motility of macrophages and related antigen‐presenting cells may play a significant part in the immune deficiency and eczema of WAS.
Trends in Lung Cancer and Smoking Behavior in Italy: An Alarm Bell for Women

Introduction The epidemiology of lung cancer is changing worldwide, with smoking being the key driver of lung cancer incidence and mortality. Our aim is to analyze the incidence, survival and mortality trends in Italy in the framework of the 2017 survey on smoking behavior in Italy. Methods AIRTUM 2017 reports on cancer survival and incidence; 2017 survey on smoking behavior in Italy. Results Men achieved progress in lung cancer control characterized by a decrease in incidence and mortality and an increase in survival. The decreasing use of tobacco in men (from 60% in the 1960s to 24% in 2017) was most likely responsible for the decreasing incidence and mortality. Women showed no progress: although survival improved slightly, the incidence and mortality were both on the rise. This was most likely due to the increasing smoking rates in women in the 1970s and 80s. Of major concern is the accelerated rise in the number of smoking women from 4.6 million in 2016 to 5.7 million in 2017 compared to the decrease observed in men (from 6.9 to 6 million). Conclusions The incidence and mortality trends in males clearly demonstrate that primary prevention is the most effective way to reduce lung cancer mortality. By contrast, a 24% increase in the prevalence of smoking among women in just 1 year is extremely worrying for the future, and calls for immediate action by targeted strategies to reduce tobacco consumption in women and avert the dreadful prospect of a lung cancer epidemic in Italy.
Motor practice and neurophysiological adaptation in the cerebellum: a positron tomography study

We have used positron tomography (PET) to demonstrate that some parts of the motor system exhibit physiological adaptation during the repeated performance of a simple motor task, but others do not. In contrast to the primary sensori-motor cortex, the cerebellum exhibits a decrease in physiological activation (increases in regional blood flow during performance) with practice. A new application of factorial experimental design to PET activation studies was used to make these measurements in four normal males. This design allow ed adaptation to be examined by testing for an interaction between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) increases brought about by a motor task and the number of trials (time). These findings are interpreted as the neurophysiological correlates of synaptic changes in the cerebellum associated with motor learning in man.
Performance Evaluation of 3D-Position Estimation Systems

Applications that are based on indoor location awareness have different requirements with regard to the accuracy of the estimated positions, the measurement cycle time, and the (end-to-end) delay between the start of a measurement and the availability of the position result. Moreover, the energy consumption of the mobile tags is a key parameter for the selection of an appropriate system. In this paper, we present the results of a series of real-time 3D-position measurements carried out with three respective systems. The two commercial systems, DecaWave DW1000 and Time Domain P410, are based on radio-frequency measurements, while an acoustic prototype system employs time-of-flight measurements based on audible signals. The systems were tested in stationary as well as in dynamic scenarios. Our results provide the accuracies and precisions of the individual systems, the position update rates, and the end-to-end delays. In additional measurements, we determined the individual tag power consumptions and calculated a figure of merit giving the energy consumption per position measurement.
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a rare genetic disorder, which is caused by partial deletion of the short arm of one chromosome 4. Brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings are lacking. We report on brain findings in 10 children with WHS. We evaluated the MR imaging films of 10 subjects affected by WHS, which had been confirmed by genetic study. The age range at MR imaging was between 1 month and 9 years. In 9/10 cases enlargement of the third lateral ventricles was present. In 9/10 cases a global reduction of cerebral hemispheres white matter was present. In 10/10 cases diffuse thinning of the corpus callosum was visible; it was severe in 7/10 cases. In 5/10 cases small foci of T (2) hyper intense signal were visible within the subcortical white matter. In three of the six cases studied within the first year of life frontal periventricular cysts were present. In three of the four cases studied after the first year of life a squared shape of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles was visible. The MR imaging findings reported in WHS cannot be considered pathognomonic of the syndrome, however, they may suggest WHS.
General Anesthesia with Laryngeal Mask Airway: Etomidate VS Propofol for Hemodynamic Stability

Background: Propofol is the most popular induction agent for laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion in current anaesthesia practice however associated hypotension has been reported as its major disadvantage. Etomidate, which produces less hypotension, can be considered as an alternative agent for LMA insertion. Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the hemodynamic effects of etomidate with propofol for induction of general anaesthesia (GA) for LMA. Ease of inserting LMA was also looked at. Material and Methods: It was a prospective randomized double blinded study. All ASA I and II patients of 15 - 60 years of age undergoing general anaesthesia with LMA for elective surgeries were included. Patients were induced with intravenous (I/V) fentanyl and induction agent either etomidate or propofol according to group randomization. LMA was inserted after 30 seconds. Intra-operative heart rate (HR), sys tolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), number of attempts and duration of LMA insertion were monitored. Results: There was no difference in the heart rate between the two groups. A significant drop was found for systolic blood pressure (SBP) in propofol group while diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was decreased in both the groups. In propofol group, successful insertion of LMA was achieved on the first attempt in 93.3% of patient as compared to 36.7% in etomidate group. Conclusion: Use of etomidate for induction of laryngeal mask anesthesia can prevent the hypotension following induction; however it may delay the insertion of laryngeal mask airway.