Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Marion Island elephant seals: the paucity-of- males hypothesis tested

The southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, population at Marion Island has declined since the start of research activities there in 1973, as have populations at other Indian Ocean breeding sites. One suggested mechanism for the decline at Marion Island is a shortage of males, resulting in low insemination rates. We tested this "paucity-of- males" hypothesis by looking at (i) adult sex ratios, (ii) male sexual activity, and (iii) the relationship between levels of sexual activity and the probability of a cow pupping in the following season. Sex ratios were similar to those at other sites where populations are either stable (South Georgia) or increasing (Peninsula Valdes). Dominant bulls monopolised mating opportunities, achieving 98.1% of 629 observed copulations over three seasons. Of the 138 cows coming ashore, only 4 (2.9%) were not seen mating and 89% copulated with only one bull; dominant bulls copulated with all but 1 of the 134 (99.3%) cows that did mate. Cows were mated more frequently than at sites with stable and increasing populations. There was no difference in the observed level of sexual activity between cows seen pupping in the following season and those who failed to pup. This indicates that bulls monopolising harems are capable of inseminating all the cows. Such findings refute the paucity-of-males hypothesis. Resume : La population d'elephants de mer, Mirounga leonina, dans l'ile Marion a diminue depuis le debut des activites de recherche en 1973, a l'instar d'autres populations aux sites de reproduction dans l'ocean Indien. Une hypothese avancee pour expliquer le declin dans l'ile Marion est une penurie de mâles qui entraine un taux reduit de fecondation. Nous avons teste cette hypothese de « rarete des mâles » par evaluation (i) du rapport mâles : femelles, (ii) de l'activite sexuelle des mâles et (iii) de la relation entre le degre d'activite sexuelle et la probabilite de mise-bas de la femelle au cours de la saison suivante. Les rapports mâles : femelles sont semblables a ceux enregistres a d'autres sites ou les populations sont stables (Georgie du Sud) ou en croissance (peninsule de Valdes). Les mâles dominants monopolisent les chances de s'accoupler et ils ont ete responsables de 98,1% des 629 accouplements observes au cours de trois saisons. Seulement 4 des 138 femelles (2,9%) qui ont gagne la terre ferme n'ont pas ete observees en train de s'accoupler, 89% se sont accouplees a un seul mâle et les mâles dominants se sont accouples a toutes les femelles sauf une sur les 134 (99,3%) qui se sont accouplees. Les femelles de l'ile Marion se sont accouplees plus souvent qu'a des sites ou les populations sont stables ou en croissance. Nous n'avons pas observe de difference dans l'importance de l'activite sexuelle chez les femelles qui ont mis bas au cours de la saison suivante et celles qui n'ont pas eu de petit. Cela indique que les mâles qui monopolisent des harems sont capables de feconder toutes les femelles, ce qui contredit l'hypothese de la « rarete des mâles ». (Traduit par la Redaction) 1554
Heavy metals in marsh clam (Polymesoda expansa) and green mussel (Perna viridis) along the northwest coast of Sabah, Malaysia

Bivalves are known for their ability to accumulate contaminants such as heavy metals. This allows them to be widely used as bioindicator in monitoring of heavy metals in the marine environment. This study was conducted to determine the levels of heavy metals, namely Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Zinc (Zn) and Manganese (Mn) in marsh clams (Polymesoda expansa) and green mussels (Perna viridis) along the northwest coast of Sabah (Marudu Bay, Ambong Bay, and Mengkabong). The results showed that As (5.1 to 12.8 Î¼g/g) and Mn (33.5 to 116.0 Î¼g/g) concentrations in both marsh clams and green mussels collected from all the sampling stations along the northwest coast of Sabah were much higher than the permissible limit set by the Ministry of Health Malaysia and FAO/ WHO. Similarly, concentration of Zn (265.8 to 535.9 Î¼g/g) in marsh clams from all the sampling areas and that of Cr (53.9 Î¼g/g) in green mussel collected from Marudu Bay were also much higher than the permissible limits. The data also suggested that marsh clams accumulated higher Pb and Zn, whereas green mussels tend to contain higher concentrations of Cr, Cu and Ni. Since bivalves are an important protein source for the local population, a regular monitoring of all edible bivalve species should be conducted so that consumers can be advised about the toxicological and health risks due to consumption of bivalves.
Cyclical Employment and Learning Ability

I empirically document that ability is an important determinant of individual employment rates over the business cycle. Using the Armed Forces Qualication Test score as a proxy for individual ability, I find that high ability workers have a less procyclical employment rate than low ability workers even after conditioning on experience, education or average hourly wage. Moreover, the ability and education effect on employment cyclicality decreases over the life-cycle but the ability effect decreases much more gradually than the education effect. In the second part of the paper, I build a life-cycle model with human capital accumulation through learning-by-doing where agents have heterogeneous learning ability. High ability agents have a steeper human capital accumulation slope which delivers high future labor income. In recession, employment rates for all agents fall due to low labor income. However, high ability agents' employment rate decreases less than others because the current employment increases future labor income. The calibrated model, which simultaneously matches employment and wage proles, is consistent with the major cyclical properties observed in the data.
LOOKING BACKWARDS: ASSESSING THE PROJECTIONS OF A TRANSITION MATRIX MODEL

Analyses of population projection models are increasingly being used by conservation biologists and land managers to assess the health of sensitive species and to evaluate the likely effects of management strategies, harvesting, grazing, or other manipulations. Here I describe some of the limitations of this approach and illustrate how these limitations may affect its usefulness. I do this by comparing the results of such an analysis, performed in 1979 on two populations of a perennial plant, Arisaema triphyllum, with new information about the size and structure of these same populations gathered in 1994, 15 years later. While one population changed as the model projected it would, the other behaved quite differently from the projection. Instead of increasing in size, this population decreased between 1979 and 1994. Possible shortcomings in the data and in the model include: too few plants to provide accurate transition probabilities; too few years to capture accurately the complete range of year-to-year .
Yukio Shimada and Kenji Fujiwara attainment in a real-world clinical setting in Japan Combination therapy with losartan / hydrochlorothiazide for blood pressure reduction and goal

Objective: When physicians prescribe a new antihypertensive drug, they do not know the extent of the drug’s effect on lowering blood pressure. To resolve this dilemma, a Web-based program was constructed for real-time entry and analysis of treatment. This observational study evaluated the efficacy of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide (Lo/HCTZ) in lowering blood pressure (BP) and achieving BP target values. Methods: Physicians prescribed Lo/HCTZ for patients with hypertension who failed to achieve target BP values of < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg in patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease, respectively, with antihypertensive drugs including an angiotensin receptor blocker. Results: From December 2006 to December 2009, the data of 88,254 patients were entered into this database, and the data of 24,825 subjects were analyzed. At the first visit, a total of 88,254 patients received a first prescription of Lo/HCTZ daily. Among these, at the end of the present analysis, 24,825 (28%) outpatients had a follow-up visit at 1 month and 20,726 (23%) outpatients had a follow-up visit at 6 months. The prevalence of hypertensive patients achieving systolic blood pressure (SBP) control (< 140 mmHg) increased over time from 6.9% to 54.3% in females and 6.1% to 52.3% in males (p < 0.05). At the start of the study, the levels of SBP were significantly highest in the eldest patients (≥ 75 years) followed by the group of 65–75 years and lowest in the youngest patients (≤ 64 years). However, at the end of the study, there were no differences in levels of SBP among the three groups. Conclusions: This Web-based system may provide useful information when a new drug is first released into the market. Treatment with Lo/HCTZ enabled a substantial proportion of hypertensive patients to achieve the recommended goal of < 140/90 mmHg.
Operationalization , Analysis , and Synthesis A Review of the Tripartite Structure of Subjective Well-Being : Implications for Conceptualization

Subjective well-being (SWB) comprises a global evaluation of life satisfaction and positive and negative affective reactions to one’s life. Despite the apparent simplicity of this tripartite model, the structure of SWB remains in question. In the present review, the authors identify five prominent structural conceptualizations in which SWB is cast variously as three separate components, a hierarchical construct, a causal system, a composite, and as configurations of components. Supporting evidence for each of these models is reviewed, strengths and weaknesses are evaluated, and commonalities and discrepancies among approaches are described. The authors demonstrate how current ambiguities concerning the tripartite structure of SWB have fundamental implications for conceptualization, measurement, analysis, and synthesis. Given these ambiguities, it is premature to propose a definitive structure of SWB. Rather, the authors outline a research agenda comprising both shortterm and longer-term steps toward resolving these foundational, yet largely unaddressed, issues concerning SWB.
Effect of 30 s of Static Active Stretching on Anaerobic Power Using The Wingate Test

Stretching is performed with or without assistance when individuals warm up prior to physical activity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 30 s of static active stretching on anaerobic power using the Wingate test (WT). Ten healthy men performed the WT under two different conditions: after performing 30 s of active static stretching (SS-condition) or after sitting in a chair (CON-condition). During the SS-condition, participants performed three stretching exercises for the hamstrings and quadriceps. Participants stretched the targeted muscle slowly until it reached its most comfortable position and maintained the position for 30 s. The WT was performed using an electromagnetic bicycle ergometer. Participants were instructed to pedal as fast as possible against a load corresponding to 7.5% of their body mass. Although peak performance (peak power and peak revolutions per minute) during the WT did not differ significantly between the CON- and SS-conditions, the mean power in the SS-condition (579.2 ± 15.8 W) was significantly greater than that in the CON-condition (560.3 ± 17.8 W). These results suggest that although 30 s of active static stretching has no effect on peak performance, it increases mean power during WT. Further, heart rate in pre-WT was significantly higher in the SS-condition (96 ± 5 bpm) than in the CON-condition (63 ± 2 bpm). Therefore, increased HR by active static stretching might elicit an aerobic warm-up effect.
A Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernova with Enhanced Iron-group Absorption: A New Link between SLSNe and Broad-lined Type Ic SNe

We present optical observations of the Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN-I) SN 2017dwh at z ≈ 0.13, which reached Mi ≈ −21 mag at peak. Spectra taken a few days after peak show an unusual and strong absorption line centered near 3200 Å that we identify with Co ii, suggesting a high fraction of synthesized 56Ni in the ejecta. By ∼1 month after peak, SN 2017dwh became much redder than other SLSNe-I, instead strongly resembling broad-lined Type Ic supernovae (Ic-BL SNe) with clear suppression of the flux redward of ∼5000 Å, providing further evidence for a high mass of Fe-group elements. Late-time upper limits indicate a 56Ni mass of ≲0.6 M⊙, leaving open the possibility that SN 2017dwh produced a 56Ni mass comparable to SN 1998bw (≈0.4 M⊙). Fitting the light curve with a combined magnetar and 56Ni model using MOSFiT, we find that the light curve can easily accommodate such masses without affecting the inferred magnetar parameters. We also find that SN 2017dwh occurred in the least-luminous detected host galaxy to date for an SLSN-I, with MB = −13.5 mag and an implied metallicity of Z ∼ 0.08 Z⊙. The spectral properties of SN 2017dwh provide new evidence linking SLSNe-I with Type Ic-BL SNe, and in particular, the high Fe-group abundance may be due to enhanced 56Ni production or mixing due to asphericity. Finally, we find that SN 2017dwh represents the most extreme end of a correlation between continuum shape and Co ii absorption strength in the near-peak spectra of SLSNe-I, indicating that Fe-group abundance likely accounts for some of the variation in their spectral shapes.
Numerical Investigation on Jet Impingement Behaviors Affected by a Vertically Rotating Disk Suspended Close to the Surface

A simplified physical model is built up to study the swirl flow effect induced by a rotating disk on the jet impingement behaviors, which is adopted to simulate the grinding process. To solve the definition problem of the interface between a rotating disk and a stationary plate in the computational simulation, a tiny gap is set between the rotating disk and the stationary plate. The results show that the rotating disk suspended above the surface adds more complexity to the flow field of jet impingement on a stationary plate. The swirling flow around the rotating disk obstructs the impinging jet flow to penetrate into the interfacial contact zone and forces the wall jet across the rotating disk to flow along transverse directions. For the given jet impinging velocity and nozzle orientation, as the disk rotational speed increases, the effect of the rotating disk on the impinging jet flow behaves more significantly. The impinging jet with small inject velocity is difficult to penetrate through the interfacial contact zone to follow by the disk swirl flows. For smaller jet impinging distance or larger oblique angle, the flow recirculation away from the interfacial contact zone becomes stronger.
Novel polymer-surfactant complex for enhancing the flow in pipes

A special unresolved issue in liquid transportation is the high energy consumption attributed to the turbulent mode of their transportation, despite many efforts that have been made to solve this problem, such as adding minute concentrations of polymers, surfactants or the complex mixtures of these materials. A universally acceptable solution to this has not been proffered, in view of this; the present work introduces a novel complex mixture system to enhance the drag reduction efficiency of polymeric drag with the use of a polymer, polyacrylamide (PAM) and surfactant, (Triton X-45). Both materials were individually and their complex mixtures tested in a Brookfield viscometer and Rotating Disk apparatus (RDA) at varied concentrations and rotational speeds (r.p.m), investigations on their drag reduction mechanisms was as well undertaken. The complex mixtures of these materials at 1500ppm concentration were able to reduce drag by 54% unlike their individual studies which gives 33% and 35% respectively. It was also observed that the time taken for mechanical degradation increased with less degradation and display drag reduction for a larger range of Reynolds numbers which later realigned which could be attributed to the critical role played by the complex mixtures which is greatly dependent upon the alky chain in the surfactant.
Don't Answer the Phone - Financial Advice and Individual Investors' Performance

We use a proprietary dataset from a large Swiss wholesale bank and examine the impact of fiancial advice on individual investors' trading performance and behavioral biases. Due to the unique structure of our dataset, we can classify each trade as either an advised or an independent trade. This allows us to compare advised and independent trades on a trade-by-trade within-person analysis. Thus, our study is not plagued by the typical selection and endogeneity problem existing studies on the impact of financial advice typically face. We document that advisors hurt trading performance and that this effect is particularly pronounced if the trade follows a client-advisor contact that is initiated by the advisor. There is also only limited evidence that advisors help to reduce behavioral biases, casting serious doubts on the role of financial advisors.
phenomenon following ACL tear ? Can MRI predict the clinical instability and loss of the screw home

Our purpose was to determine the relationship between tibiofemoral translation on magnetic resonance imaging and clinical instability of the knee following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Within 66 patients (43 males, 23 females, mean age 30.25 years), 15 of 19 patients (80%) with an intact ACL had a demonstrable normal screw home movement, while 24 of 47 patients (51%) with an ACL tear had absence of the screw home movement. Patients with clinical instability had greater tibial translation and excursion at the lateral compartment (P=.0001). Following ACL injury, there is demonstrable absence of the normal screw-home movement with anterior tibial translation and excursion related to presence of clinical instability. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Results Characterization of the Photoresponse in Wild-type Cells

aramecium tetraurelia displayed two behavioral responses upon the initiation of a light stimulus at x 104 lux. The cells exhibited a photophobic response in the form of behavioral avoiding reactions, ollowed by an increase in forward swimming velocity that was significantly higher than prior to the light timulus activation. It was determined that an intensity of approximately 6.5 x 103 lux was required to nitiate a moderate avoidance behavioral response. Following the avoiding response, a gradual increase n speed occurred as the intensity increased, indicating that increased swimming speeds are dependent n the light intensity. Two mutants, pawnA and Dancer, were utilized since they affect known Ca2+urrents of the cell. The use of pawnA cells, which lack voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activity, showed hat the two responses to light could be genetically separated, in that the cells showed no avoiding eactions, but did increase their swimming speed. The Dancer cells, which display exaggerated Ca2+ hannel activity, exhibited similar initial avoiding responses as the wild type cells, however did not ncrease their swimming speed as the intensity of the light was increased. This phenotype as replicated n wildtype cells that had been placed in 25 M 8-Br-cGMP. These data demonstrate that the photophobic ight response of Paramecium tetraurelia can be genetically dissected as a means of elucidating the olecular mechanisms of the light response. 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Accrual management as an indication of money laundering through legally registered Mafia firms in Italy

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate how accounting is used to disguise and carry out money laundering activities in specific socio-economic and political contexts and whether discretionary accruals can provide evidence of such illicit practices performed through legally registered Mafia firms (LMFs). Design/methodology/approach - The study is based on a sample of 224 Italian firms identified as LMFs, due to having been confiscated by judicial authorities because of their owners being accused of Mafia-type association. Using a multivariate regression model, specifically developed discretionary accrual proxies for LMFs are compared with those of a population of lawful firms (LWFs). Findings - The results reveal that in the pre-confiscation years, LMFs manage aggregate, revenue and expense accruals more than LWFs do, in order to smooth earnings and disguise/carry out money laundering. In contrast, in the post-confiscation years, there is no significant difference in the level of accrual management between LMFs and LWFs, as a consequence of the effective intervention of legal administrators. Originality/value - This study adopts discretionary revenue and expense accrual proxies that provide additional insight into the simultaneous manipulation of revenues and expenses, linked to money laundering, which may not be fully detected by traditional aggregate accrual models. Furthermore, it suggests that the incentive for LMFs to manage accruals may be fostered by the irrelevance of their financial statements to trades with stakeholders. Finally, this paper may provide regulators with financial accounting signals which could be included in risk assessment models aiming to detect money laundering activities within firms.
Auction bids on environmental attributes of pork products: evidence against part-whole bias

This article examined how different quantities and levels of environmental attributes affect consumers’ valuation of pork products in various regions and the national market. Evidence was examined from a multi-trial Vickrey auction to compare consumers’ willing-to-pay (WTP) for a single pork product with multiple environmental attributes and their WTP for multiple products each with a single environmental attribute. One major finding is that the introduction of environmental attributes could lower the consumers’ WTP for pork products without those attributes. Furthermore, the sum of consumers’ WTP for products with a single environmental attribute is not statistically different from their WTP for a product with multiple environmental attributes, which suggests the premiums for the environmental attributes are additive. Contrary to some previous studies, this experiment found that the part-whole bias did not exist.
A study of omega bands and Ps6 pulsations on the ground, at low altitude and at geostationary orbit

We investigate the electrodynamic coupling between auroral omega bands and the inner magnetosphere. The goal of this study is to determine the features to which omega bands map in the magnetosphere. To establish the auroral-magnetosphere connection, we appeal to the case study analysis of the data rich event of September 26, 1989. At 6 magnetic local time (MLT), two trains of Ps6 pulsations (ground magnetic signatures of omega bands) were observed to drift over the Canadian Auroral Network For the OPEN Program Unified Study (CANOPUS) chain. At the same time periodic ionospheric flow patterns moved through the collocated Bistatic Auroral Radar System (BARS) field of view. Similar coincident magnetic variations were observed by GOES 6, GOES 7 and SCATHA, all of which had magnetic foot points near the CANOPUS/BARS stations. SCATHA, which was located at 6 MLT, 0.5 R E earthward of GOES 7 observed the 10 min period pulsations, whereas GOES 7 did not. In addition, DMSP F6 and F8 were over-flying the region and observed characteristic precipitation and flow signatures. From this fortunate constellation of ground and space observations, we conclude that auroral omega bands are the electrodynamic signature of a corrugated current sheet (or some similar spatially localized magnetic structure) in the near-Earth geostationary magnetosphere.