Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructure of the external sensory apparatus of Gyrodactylus gasterostei Gläser, 1974

The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the ultrastructure of gyrodactylid sensilla and to ascertain how these may be employed in the colonisation of new hosts using the Gyrodactylus gasterostei Gläser, 1974—Gasterosteus aculeatus L. model. As Gyrodactylus has no specific transmission stage in its life‐cycle, movement between hosts must be achieved by strategies employed by the adult. This study suggests that certain sensilla, presented for the first time in Gyrodactylus gasterostei, may serve as chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors and possible photoreceptors. The results of this study provide photographic data using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) concerning the sensory structures that are found on the tegument and in the sub‐tegumental zone of G. gasterostei that infect 3‐spine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). For this reason, it is vital to understand the factors underlying transmission to a new host, and a detailed, ultrastructural examination of the sensory structures that are used may improve current understanding of the receptors that Gyrodactylus species employ to interpret both their host and ambient environments. Such information may assist in the interpretation of transmission behaviors, particularly their responses to chemical or physical cues which gyrodactylids employ in host location during the transmission process. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:740–747, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Testicular Cancer: Passage through the Help-Seeking Process for a Cohort of U.K. Men (Part 1)

Although there have been many studies in “patient delay” and help-seeking for cancer symptoms, these have tended to be focused on women and breast cancer. Few papers have investigated specifically male cancers and the help-seeking process. We interviewed 10 men who had experienced testicular changes and a diagnosis of testicular cancer. We analysed, using grounded theory methodology, the stories men told about their experience of testicular changes and the process of seeking help. The central unifying theme concerned how men faced and handled uncertainty. The theory suggested several steps whereby they sought to gain an explanation for testicular changes, justify seeking help, and anticipate exposing their fears to professionals. In so doing, men described several barriers founded in their own knowledge, perceptions, and assumptions about testicular cancer. We discuss several taboos surrounding testicular concerns, a range of issues related to masculinity and sexuality, and the role of physicians in the help-seeking process.
Ni3C-assisted growth of carbon nanofibres 300 °C by thermal CVD

Ni-assisted thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) is one of the most common techniques for the growth of carbon nanofibres/nanotubes (CNFs/CNTs). However, some fundamental issues related to the catalytic growth of CNFs/CNTs, such as the low-limit growth temperature, the limiting steps and the state of Ni, are still controversial. Here, we report the growth of CNFs at 300 °C; that is the lowest temperature for the growth of CNFs by TCVD using Ni as the catalyst so far. The results showed that the Ni existed in rhombohedral Ni3C, not in the normal form of face-centered cubic Ni, and the C atoms for building the CNFs were precipitated from the (001) planes of the faceted Ni3C nanoparticles. The CNFs are believed to be formed by the decomposition-formation cycle of metastable Ni3C that has a low-limit decomposition temperature of about 300 °C. Our results strongly suggest that TCVD is a valuable tool for the synthesis of CNFs/CNTs at temperatures below 400 °C, which is generally considered as the upper-limit temperature for fabricating complementary metal oxide semiconductor devices but is the low-limit temperature for growing CNFs/CNTs by TCVD at present.
A Comparison of Mortality following Distal Femoral Fractures and Hip Fractures in an Elderly Population

Introduction. Patients suffering a distal femoral fracture are at a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Currently this cohort is not afforded the same resources as those with hip fractures. This study aims to compare their mortality rates and assess whether surgical intervention improves either outcome or mortality following distal femoral fractures. Methods. Patients over sixty-five admitted with a distal femoral fracture between June 2007 and 2012 were retrospectively identified. Patients mobility was categorised as unaided, walking aid, zimmer frame, or immobile. The 30-day, six-month, and one-year mortality rates were recorded for this group as well as for hip fractures during the same period. Results. 68 patients were included in the study. The mortality rate for all patients with distal femoral fractures was 7% at 30 days, 26% at six months, and 38% at one year, higher than hip fractures during the same period by 8%, 13%, and 18%, respectively. Patients managed surgically had lower mortality rates and higher mobility levels. Conclusion. Patients suffering a distal femoral fracture have a high mortality rate and surgical intervention seems to improve both mobility and mortality.
Forces between different latex particles in aqueous electrolyte solutions measured with the colloidal probe technique

In this article, a compilation of results on direct force measurements between colloidal particles in monovalent salts carried out with the colloidal probe technique based on Atomic Force Microscopy was presented. The interaction forces between similar and dissimilar particles was studied and it was concluded that, in general, these force profiles may be satisfactorily quantified by the DLVO theory down to distances of few nanometers. However, in the specific case where the charge of one of the involved particle is close to neutral, it was found that the surface potential of this particle may change its sign depending on the sign of charge of the opposite particle. In this respect, the assumption that the surface potential of a particle is a property only related to the particle surface features and the bulk properties is called into question. Microsc. Res. Tech. 80:144–152, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study on water‐dispersible colloids in saline–alkali soils by atomic force microscopy and spectrometric methods

Recent studies have revealed that water‐dispersible colloids play an important role in the transport of nutrients and contaminants in soils. In this study, water‐dispersible colloids extracted from saline–alkali soils have been characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV absorption spectra. AFM observation indicated that the water‐dispersible colloids contain some large plates and many small spherical particles. XRD, XPS, and UV absorption measurement revealed that the water‐dispersible colloids are composed of kaolinite, illite, calcite, quartz and humic acid. In addition, UV absorption measurement demonstrated that the humic acids are associated with clay minerals. Water‐dispersible colloids in the saline–alkali soils after hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride treatment and an agricultural soil (nonsaline–alkali soil) were also investigated for comparison. The obtained results implied that the saline–alkali condition facilitates the formation of a large quantity of colloids. The use of AFM combined with spectrometric methods in the present study provides new knowledge on the colloid characteristics of saline–alkali soils. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:525–531, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do Individual Characteristics Matter? An Analysis of Americans’ Opinions toward the Korean, Vietnam, Persian Gulf, and Iraq Wars

This article presents the results of an analysis of public attitudes toward war for the Korean, Vietnam, Persian Gulf, and Iraq wars. In total, 61 surveys conducted by the Gallup Organization starting in August 1950 (near the beginning of the Korean War) and ending February 2006 (middle of the Iraq War) were analyzed. This article examines the social characteristics of those people who are more or less likely to oppose war and is a continuation of our earlier work analyzing the Iraq War. The research reported here was arrived at answering the following question: Are there some groups (e.g., Democrats) who are more likely to oppose war? Using binary logistic regression methods, this research analyzes why some groups are more likely than others to oppose or support war. This cross-sectional analysis studies groups by age, education, gender, race, religion, party identification, and political ideology, in their general likelihood to oppose war. In addition, this analysis studies respondents’ attitudes toward war, which includes whether the respondent was a hawk or a dove, an internationalist or isolationist, and optimistic or pessimistic about the war's outcome. Several traditional expectations on war attitudes, including a “race gap” and a “liberal–conservative gap,” were unfounded. In some cases where correlations were found, the relationship could be explained predominately by the correlation of demographic characteristics with partisanship. This study has demonstrated, over time, just how much more powerful party identification has become in the United States. This trend analysis is the closest look at U.S. public opinion on wars after World War II since the ground-breaking and prize-winning work of John Mueller (1973, 1994).
Early Treatment with Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Patients with Kawasaki Disease

OBJECTIVES: To determine if a shorter interval between Kawasaki Disease (KD) treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and fever onset results in increased treatment failures, need for adjunctive therapy (ADJ) or development of coronary artery lesions (CAL). STUDY DESIGN: 178 KD patients diagnosed between 1987-1999 were included in this case-control study. All patients had fever plus > 4 out of the 5 clinical criteria for KD. Eighty-nine patients who received treatment at day 5 or earlier were matched to 89 patients treated at days 6-9 of fever according to the closest date of KD diagnosis to the index case. Compiled data from a detailed chart review included demographics, clinical features, fever duration, investigations, disease course and response to therapy. Differences between matched case and control pairs were analyzed using t-tests and McNemar tests. RESULTS: No demographical differences were noted between the 2 groups. Patients treated on 5 days of fever had a shorter total fever duration (5.2±1.9 days vs 8.0±1.8 days, p<0.0001), longer fever post IVIG treatment (1.5±1.9 days vs 0.8±1.3 days, p=0.008) and less coronary artery ectasia at 1 year post KD onset (4% vs 16%, p=0.02). There was no significant difference between cases and controls in the number of patients with KD recrudescence, need for repeat courses of IVIG, need for corticosteroids, length of hospitalization or development of coronary artery aneurysms within the first 3 months. Patients who were treated at day 5 of fever, had higher levels of serum albumin (36±5 g/L vs 33±5 g/L, p<0.01) and serum ALT (115±155 U/L vs 46±49 U/L, p<0.001), as well as a lower platelet count (354±131 vs 403±166, p=0.02) than controls during the acute phase. CONCLUSIONS: Early treatment of KD resulted in less coronary ectasia at one-year post KD onset but was not associated with a quicker resolution of fever, an increased number of treatment failures, an increased need for ADJ, length of hospitalization nor development of CAL. In children with fever and classical clinical and laboratory findings of KD, treatment with IVIG prior to 6 days of fever resulted in better coronary outcomes and decreased the length of time of clinical symptoms.
Predictive value of p 63 , ki-67 , and survivin expression in oral leukoplakia : A tissue microarray study

Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Correspondence M arcia Gaiger Oliveira, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492 sala 503, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Email: marciago@gmail.com Review Editor: Prof. George Perry Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of survivin, ki-67, and p63 in oral leukoplakic lesions, histopathologically differentiated into dysplastic and nondysplastic. A tissue microarray containing 57 samples of biopsies from clinically classified lesions, such as leukoplakia, was immunolabeled for survivin, ki-67, and p63. Samples were scored for percentage of positively stained. Scores were designated as follows: low5 less than 25% of positive cells; and high5more than 25% of positive cells. On performing histopathological diagnosis, 20 dysplastic lesions and 37 nondysplastic lesions were seen, in which female patients (56.1%) were predominant with an average age of 58.27 years. The study showed a high expression of 37.5% for survivin, 43.7% for ki-67, and 88.2% for p63 in dysplastic lesions. However, there was a high expression of 16.7% for survivin, 16.7% for ki-67, and 92% for p63 in nondysplastic lesions. There is a positive correlation of expression among the three antibodies. In the association of immunoreactivity, in both dysplastic and nondysplastic lesions, increased expression of survivin reflects on the increased expression of ki-67, and there is an overexpression of p63. In leukoplakia, the expression of survivin associated with that of ki-67 reinforces the assumption that all these lesions are potentially malignant, regardless of histopathology; and the overexpression of p63 may indicate carcinogenic potential. These findings may help in the treatment of patients with this type of lesion.
Determinants of Long‐Term Care Needs of Community‐Dwelling Older People in Singapore

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TiF4 gel effects on tubular occlusion of eroded/abraded human dentin

This in situ study evaluated the tubular occlusion caused by 4% TiF4 gel on the surface of eroded/abraded dentin. Sixty human dentin samples were eroded in vitro and assigned into six groups (n = 10) according to the in situ surface treatment and number of cycling days: 4% TiF4 gel applied once (TiF41), twice (TiF42), or three times (TiF43) followed by 2, 4, and 6 days of erosive/abrasive in situ cycling, respectively. Control groups (no treatment) were subjected to 2 (C1), 4 (C2), and 6 (C3) days of erosive/abrasive in situ cycling only. A seventh group (n = 10) was comprised by in vitro uneroded samples (UN), subjected to 6 days of in situ erosive/abrasive cycling. Each cycling day consisted on six erosive (0.5% citric acid, pH 2.6) and one abrasive events. Environmental scanning electron microscopy micrographs were taken. For all groups, blinded examiners assessed dentin tubules occlusion using visual scores (0—unoccluded, 1—partially occluded by granular deposits, 2—partially occluded by reduction in tubular lumen into diamond shape, 3—completely occluded) on images captured prior and after the in situ phase. Scheirer‐Ray‐Hare test demonstrated that treatments significantly affected tubule occlusion (p < .001). Dunn's test showed that tubule occlusion in TiF43 was significantly higher than in C1. Tubule occlusion in remaining groups did not differ from that observed in groups TiF43 and C1. Tubule occlusion was significantly higher after in situ phase. It may be suggested that TiF4, when applied three times, was able to positively change tubule occlusion of dentin samples.
Gene frequencies of abo and rhesus blood groups and haemoglobin variants in ogbomoso, South – West Nigeria

The distribution and gene frequencies of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups and haemoglobin variants for samples of the Nigerian population at Ogbomoso, was determined. Data consisting of records of blood groups and haemoglobin types of different ages ranging from infants to adults for a period of 4 to 6 years (1995 – 2000) was collected from Baptist Medical Centre (BMC), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Health Centre (LAUTHC) and Oyo State General Hospital (OSGH), all in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Overall, a total number of 7653, 7053 and 14,845 individuals were typed for ABO and Rh blood groups; and haemoglobin genotypes, respectively. 3824 (50 %) were blood group O, 1750 (22.9 %) were blood group A, 1629 (21.3 %) were blood group B and 450 (5.9 %) were blood group AB. This distribution differs significantly (P 0.05). The gene frequencies of D and d alleles were 0.82 and 0.18, respectively. Six haemoglobin genotypes were recorded in the order of AA (68.1 %) > AS (21.0 %) > AC (5.7 %) >SS (3.0 %) >SC (2.0 %) >CC (0.3 %). The gene frequencies were 0.81, 0.14 and 0.04 for A, S and C alleles, respectively. Our results are representative of the distribution of these genetic variants in Nigeria. (Global Journal of Medical Science, 2004, 3 (1&2): 17-22)
Insight Into Elder Abuse Among Urban Poor of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia—A Middle‐Income Developing Country

Conflict of Interest: The editor in chief has reviewed the conflict of interest checklist provided by the authors and has determined that the authors have no financial or any other kind of personal conflicts with this paper. Author Contributions: Pastorino, Greppi, Bergamo: preparation of manuscript, acquisition of subjects and data. Versino: analysis and interpretation of data. Bo: study concept and design. Pezzilli, Furno, Rrodhe: acquisition of subjects and data. Isaia: study concept and design, preparation of manuscript. Sponsor’s Role: None.
Complications After Mastectomy and Immediate Breast Reconstruction for Breast Cancer: A Claims-Based Analysis

Objective:To evaluate complications after postmastectomy breast reconstruction, particularly in the setting of adjuvant radiotherapy. Background:Most studies of complications after breast reconstruction have been conducted at centers of excellence; relatively little is known about complication rates in irradiated patients treated in the broader community. This information is relevant for decision making in patients with breast cancer. Methods:Using the claims-based MarketScan database, we described complications in 14,894 women undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer from 1998 to 2007 and who underwent immediate autologous reconstruction (n = 2637), immediate implant-based reconstruction (n = 3007), or no reconstruction within the first 2 postoperative years (n = 9250). We used a generalized estimating equation to evaluate associations between complications and radiotherapy over time. Results:Wound complications were diagnosed within the first 2 postoperative years in 2.3% of patients without reconstruction, 4.4% patients with implants, and 9.5% patients with autologous reconstruction (P < 0.001). Infection was diagnosed within the first 2 postoperative years in 12.7% of patients without reconstruction, 20.5% with implants, and 20.7% with autologous reconstruction (P < 0.001). A total of 5219 (35%) women received radiation. Radiation was not associated with infection in any surgical group within the first 6 months but was associated with an increased risk of infection in months 7 to 24 in all 3 groups (each P < 0.001). In months 7 to 24, radiation was associated with higher odds of implant removal in patients with implant reconstruction (odds ratio = 1.48; P < 0.001) and fat necrosis in those with autologous reconstruction (odds ratio = 1.55; P = 0.01). Conclusions:Complication risks after immediate breast reconstruction differ by approach. Radiation therapy seems to modestly increase certain risks, including infection and implant removal.
Sub-surface laser nanostructuring in stratified metal/dielectric media: a versatile platform towards flexible, durable and large-scale plasmonic writing

Laser nanostructuring of pure ultrathin metal layers or ceramic/metal composite thin films has emerged as a promising route for the fabrication of plasmonic patterns with applications in information storage, cryptography, and security tagging. However, the environmental sensitivity of pure Ag layers and the complexity of ceramic/metal composite film growth hinder the implementation of this technology to large-scale production, as well as its combination with flexible substrates. In the present work we investigate an alternative pathway, namely, starting from non-plasmonic multilayer metal/dielectric layers, whose growth is compatible with large scale production such as in-line sputtering and roll-to-roll deposition, which are then transformed into plasmonic templates by single-shot UV-laser annealing (LA). This entirely cold, large-scale process leads to a subsurface nanoconstruction involving plasmonic Ag nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in a hard and inert dielectric matrix on top of both rigid and flexible substrates. The subsurface encapsulation of Ag NPs provides durability and long-term stability, while the cold character of LA suits the use of sensitive flexible substrates. The morphology of the final composite film depends primarily on the nanocrystalline character of the dielectric host and its thermal conductivity. We demonstrate the emergence of a localized surface plasmon resonance, and its tunability depending on the applied fluence and environmental pressure. The results are well explained by theoretical photothermal modeling. Overall, our findings qualify the proposed process as an excellent candidate for versatile, large-scale optical encoding applications.