Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Egg Storage Periods on Egg Weight Loss , Hatchability and Growth Performances of Brooder and Grower Leghorn Chicken Ewonetu

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of egg storage periods on egg weight loss, hatchability, hatchling weight and subsequent performances of leghorn. A total of 576 eggs were collected from similar ages of layers and randomly grouped into three storage periods of 0, 5 and 10 days with three replications, each contained 192 which were randomly sub-divided into three replicates of 64 eggs in a CRD. The chicks that hatched on the same day (21) were counted, weighed individually at hatch and the percentage hatchability was calculated. The chicks were intensively raised on deep litter system for 12 weeks on a similar diet, but kept separately according to the initial treatment of the eggs. Data were summarized using SAS and means were separated using Duncan’s multiple-range test. This study showed that egg storage periods strongly influenced all parameters measured during all the studied periods. It has significant effect on egg weight loss, hatchability, day-old weight, body weight, weight gain, feed conversion and mortality. From this study, it can be concluded that as the egg storage period increase, eggs loss more weight, hatchability rate reduces, brooder and grower live weight, weight gain and survivability would be decreases whereas feed conversion ratio increases. Therefore, it is not good to store leghorn eggs for more than 5 days as it increases egg weight loss and chick mortality, reduces hatchability and growth performances, and requires more feed to grow.
Perceptions, Knowledge, and Commitment of Clinical Staff to Shared Governance

The perceptions, knowledge, and commitment of clinical staff to shared governance were explored in a nonexperimental, survey research design, wherein preimplementation responses were compared to postimplementation responses. Using a nonprobability sampling method, all clinical staff members had the opportunity to respond to the Shared Governance Survey at the preimplementation and the 1-year postimplementation period. Thirty-eight clinical areas, including inpatient and outpatient areas, were included in the study. Both surveys contained a short demographic section and the Shared Governance Survey adapted from Minors et al. Results showed a decrease in perception and knowledge of shared governance between the 2 survey periods. This pattern was attributed to the idealism of shared governance in the preimplementation period compared to the reality of implementing shared governance. Interestingly, commitment to shared governance increased during this same time. When the sample was divided into groups, participants in shared governance had significantly higher scores on perception and knowledge of shared governance than did nonparticipants. Overall, participants and nonparticipants were committed to shared governance. The results of the survey indicated that clinical staff members recognized shared governance as a process, not a project, and that it takes time to share responsibility, accountability, and authority for nursing practice.
Computer model for mechanisms underlying ultradian oscillations of insulin and glucose.

Oscillations in human insulin secretion have been observed in two distinct period ranges, 10-15 min (i.e. rapid) and 100-150 min (i.e., ultradian). The cause of the ultradian oscillations remains to be elucidated. To determine whether the oscillations could result from the feedback loops between insulin and glucose, a parsimonious mathematical model including the major mechanisms involved in glucose regulation was developed. This model comprises two major negative feedback loops describing the effects of insulin on glucose utilization and glucose production, respectively, and both loops include the stimulatory effect of glucose on insulin secretion. Model formulations and parameters are representative of results from published clinical investigations. The occurrence of sustained insulin and glucose oscillations was found to be dependent on two essential features: 1) a time delay of 30-45 min for the effect of insulin on glucose production and 2) a sluggish effect of insulin on glucose utilization, because insulin acts from a compartment remote from plasma. When these characteristics were incorporated in the model, numerical simulations mimicked all experimental findings so far observed for these ultradian oscillations, including 1) self-sustained oscillations during constant glucose infusion at various rates; 2) damped oscillations after meal or oral glucose ingestion; 3) increased amplitude of oscillation after increased stimulation of insulin secretion, without change in frequency; and 4) slight advance of the glucose oscillation compared with the insulin oscillation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Surgical management of unilateral gangrenous mastitis in a doe: A case report

A case of gangrenous mastitis was surgically manageed in a cross breed doe aging 3.5 years and weighing 25 kg at SA Quadery Teaching Veterinary Hospital of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Confirmatory diagnosis of the case was done based on physical changes of udder, and identification of associated bacterial agents; two bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli could be isolated from the milk sample. Parenteral administration of combined antimicrobials (Gentamycin + Sulphadimidine + Trimethoprim) and concurrent intra-mammary infusion of antimicrobials (Streptomycin + Penicillin) along with supportive treatments for 7 days could not save the quarter rather the condition deteriorated. After performing the antibiogram of the isolated bacteria, only Ciprofloxacin was found to be sensitive. Mastectomy was done, and Ciprofloxacin (dosed at 10 mg/kg body weight) was given intramuscularly as antimicrobial, together with supportive medicine. The doe recovered without any complication after 7 days of post-treatment and management.
Brain structure and function correlates of general and social cognition.

AIMS To examine how general (e.g., memory, attention) and social (emotional and interpersonal processes) cognition relate to measures of brain function and structure. METHODS PCA was used to identify general and social cognitive factors from Brain Resource International Database in 1,316 subjects. The identified factors were correlated with each subject's corresponding brain structure (MRI) and function (EEG/ERP) data. RESULTS Seven core cognitive factors were identified for general and three for social. General cognition was correlated with global grey matter, while social cognition was negatively correlated with grey matter in fronto-temporal-somatosensory regions. Executive function, information processing speed and verbal memory performance were correlated with delta-theta qEEG, while most general cognitive factors negatively correlated with beta qEEG. Faster information processing speed was correlated with alpha qEEG. Executive function and information processing speed was correlated with negative-going ERP amplitude and slower ERP latency at frontal sites, but at posterior sites negative correlations were found. DISCUSSION In contrast to general cognition, social cognition is identified by different functional (automated) activity and more localized neural structures. Only general cognition, requiring more effortful, controlled processing is related to brain function measures, particularly in frontal cortices. INTEGRATIVE SIGNIFICANCE Recording measures from multiple modalities including MRI, EEG/ERP, social and general cognition within the same subject provides a method of brain profiling for use in cognitive-neurotherapy and pharmacological studies.
Timing of the maternal drug dose and risk of perinatal HIV transmission in the setting of intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine

Context: Single-dose intrapartum and neonatal nevirapine (NVP) reduces perinatal HIV transmission and is in increasingly common use throughout the developing world. Objective: We studied risk factors for perinatal transmission in the setting of NVP. Design and setting: A prospective cohort study at two public obstetrical clinics in Lusaka, Zambia. Patients and methods: In a volunteer sample of HIV-infected pregnant women and their newborns, the women received a 200 mg oral dose of NVP at the onset of labor; their infants received 2 mg/kg of NVP syrup within 24 h of birth. The main outcome measure was the infant HIV infection status at 6 weeks of life, determined by DNA polymerase chain reaction. Results: Only 31 of 278 (11.2%) infants were infected at 6 weeks. In logistic regression, viral load exceeding the median [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 3.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1–8.7] and 1 h or less elapsing between NVP ingestion and delivery (AOR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.8–14) were associated with transmission. Women delivering within 1 h of NVP ingestion had a lower mean drug concentration (351 versus 942 ng/ml; P < 0.001) and were more likely to have a ‘sub-therapeutic’ NVP level of less than 100 ng/ml (56 versus 20%; P < 0.001) than those who delivered more than 1 h post-ingestion. However, concentrations < 100 ng/ml were not more likely to be associated with transmission than concentrations ⩾ 100 ng/ml (12.9 versus 11.7%; P = 0.8). We did not identify a threshold concentration below which risk of transmission increased. Conclusions: We confirmed low perinatal transmission rates with single-dose NVP. At least 1 h of pre-delivery NVP prophylaxis was a critical threshold for efficacy.
Submembranous junctional plaque proteins include potential tumor suppressor molecules

T HE multistep theory of tumorigenesis is now widely accepted. During the tumor development the genetic alterations are accumulated, oncogenes are activated, and tumor suppressor genes are inactivated. Recently, the interesting idea is emerging that some cell adhesion molecules, integral membrane proteins, may work as tumor suppressors (Hedrick et al., 1993). Most of these cell adhesion molecules are known to be intimately associated with cytoskeletal proteins underlying plasma membranes (peripheral membrane proteins) to form a specialized membrane domain called a junctional apparatus including tight junctions (TJ) ~, adherens junctions (AJ), and desmosomes (DS) (Fig. 1). These peripheral membrane proteins concentrated in a "plaque" are thought to play a role in signal transduction from adhesion receptors (Juliano and Haskill, 1993) and in the regulation of adhesion molecules (Takeichi, 1991). Recently, the application of gene engineering techniques to plaque proteins has generated a wealth of novel observations, leading to the speculation that some of these proteins are required to suppress the development of tumors, i.e., act as a kind of "tumor suppressors" Here we review these findings and discuss some functions of the plaque proteins in normal cells as well as in tumorigenesis.
Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect Associated with Tetralogy of Fallot. Favourable Outcome of Transatrial Transpulmonary Repair

BACKGROUND Complete correction of atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) associated with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) has been reported to account for an increased surgical risk. Impaired right ventricular function after classic transventricular repair, residual outflow tract stenosis, and incompetence of the pulmonary or atrioventricular valves are considered to be essential factors affecting the results. METHODS From 3/95 to 6/98 six consecutive patients with AVSD and TOF underwent repair (age 18 months to 7.3 years) using a combined transatrial-transpulmonary approach. RV outflow tract balloon dilatation preceded transatrial correction in 4 patients. Pulmonary annulotomy but not transanular patching was necessary in 4 cases. The septal defects were closed by two separate patches using a Dacron patch with short depth and anterior extension for the ventricular component. RESULTS All patients survived and had stable sinus rhythm. Echocardiography demonstrated mild, but hemodynamically insignificant mitral regurgitation in two and tricuspid regurgitation in four patients. Right ventricle to pulmonary artery gradients ranged from 5 to 35 mmHg (mean 24.2 mmHg) without progression. During follow-up ranging from 4 months to 3.5 years (mean 16.8 months) no reoperation was necessary. CONCLUSIONS The transatrial-transpulmonary approach for correction of AVSD with TOF contributes to improved results after repair of this rare combination of defects.
Findings and recommendations from an international comparison of models and approaches for the estimation of radiological exposure to non-human biota

There is general international acceptance of the need to demonstrate that the environment is protected from ionising radiation. In some countries requirements and guidelines for the protection of non-human biota are already in place. As a consequence a number of models and approaches have been proposed for the estimation of the exposure of non-human biota to ionising radiation. The IAEA EMRAS programme's Biota Working Group has conducted the most comprehensive intercomparison of the predictions of these approaches to date. In this paper, we present an overview of the activities of the Biota Working Group concentrating on its conclusions and recommendations.
Multiple stressor effects of predation by rotifers and herbicide pollution on different Chlamydomonas strains and potential impacts on population dynamics

Environmental factors can interact with the effects of chemical pollutants on natural systems by inducing multiple stressor effects in individual organisms as well as by altering selection pressure on tolerant strains in heterogeneous populations. Predation is a stressful environmental factor relevant for many species. Therefore, the impact of predation by the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus on tolerance of eight genetically different strains of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to simultaneous exposure to each of the three herbicides (diuron, paraquat, and S‐metolachlor) was tested. Interactions of combined stressors were analyzed based on the independent action model; additive, synergistic, and antagonistic effects of the combined exposure could be detected depending on the herbicide and strain tested. If cultures were acclimated (pre‐exposed) to one stressor, tolerance to the second stressor could be increased. This indicates that physiological changes can induce cotolerance of predation‐exposed algae to herbicides and of herbicide‐treated algae to predation depending on the combination of stressors. The strain‐specific differences in multiple stressor effects also changed the correlation of strains' tolerances to individual stressors determined during combined and single‐stressor exposure. Changes in cotolerance to stressors affect selection pressure and population dynamics during long‐term exposure. This shows that predation stress can have adverse effects on the toxicity of chemical pollutants to microalgae on the organism and population levels. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2832–2840. © 2012 SETAC
Comparing the Effect of Music on Pain Threshold, Anxiety, Behavioral Responses to Pain and the Hemodynamic Parameters During Dressing Change in Burn Patients

Aims: Music is one of the non-pharmacotherapeutic approaches of pain relief. This study was done to investigate the effect of music (selective and nonselective) in reducing pain, anxiety and behavioral reactions and changes of hemodynamic parameters in the burned patients during the daily dressing changing. Materials & Methods: This clinical trial was done on 90 burned patients of Shahid Rajaei Hospital of Qazvin, Iran, in 2012 that were selected via purposeful sampling method and randomly divided into three control, selected music and nonselective music groups. Data were collected by interview, selfreporting and document observing with the demographic, the Spielberger and pain behavioral questionnaires and pain intensity recording sheet. The hemodynamic status (heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate) of the patient was measured during dressing changing. Data were analyzed using oneway ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests. Findings: Music caused a significant reduction of pain and also anxiety in the burned patients (p<0.05). The selective music caused a significant reduction of behavioral reactions to pain (p=0.02). Selective and nonselective music caused significant modification of heart rate of the patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: Music, especially the familiar type can have positive effects in reducing anxiety, pain and controlling some vital sings of burned patients.
Second neoplasms in survivors of childhood cancer: findings from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort.

PURPOSE To review the reports of subsequent neoplasms (SNs) in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) cohort that were made through January 1, 2006, and published before July 31, 2008, and to discuss the host-, disease-, and therapy-related risk factors associated with SNs. PATIENTS AND METHODS SNs were ascertained by survivor self-reports and subsequently confirmed by pathology findings or medical record review. Cumulative incidence of SNs and standardized incidence ratios for second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) were calculated. The impact of host-, disease-, and therapy-related risk factors was evaluated by Poisson regression. RESULTS Among 14,358 cohort members, 730 reported 802 SMNs (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers). This represents a 2.3-fold increase in the number of SMNs over that reported in the first comprehensive analysis of SMNs in the CCSS cohort, which was done 7 years ago. In addition, 66 cases of meningioma and 1,007 cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer were diagnosed. The 30-year cumulative incidence of SMNs was 9.3% and that of nonmelanoma skin cancer was 6.9%. Risk of SNs remains elevated for more than 20 years of follow-up for all primary childhood cancer diagnoses. In multivariate analyses, risks differ by SN subtype, but include radiotherapy, age at diagnosis, sex, family history of cancer, and primary childhood cancer diagnosis. Female survivors whose primary childhood cancer diagnosis was Hodgkin's lymphoma or sarcoma and who received radiotherapy are at particularly increased risk. Analyses of risk associated with radiotherapy demonstrated different dose-response curves for specific SNs. CONCLUSION Childhood cancer survivors are at a substantial and increasing risk for SNs, including nonmelanoma skin cancer and meningiomas. Health care professionals should understand the magnitude of these risks to provide individuals with appropriate counseling and follow-up.
Polyphosphate present in DNA preparations from filamentous fungal species of Colletotrichum inhibits restriction endonucleases and other enzymes.

During the development of a procedure for the isolation of total genomic DNA from filamentous fungi (Rodriguez, R. J., and Yoder, O.C., Exp. Mycol. 15, 232-242, 1991) a cell fraction was isolated which inhibited the digestion of DNA by restriction enzymes. After elimination of DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids, the active compound was purified by gel filtration to yield a single fraction capable of complete inhibition of restriction enzyme activity. The inhibitor did not absorb uv light above 220 nm, and was resistant to alkali and acid at 25 degrees C and to temperatures as high as 100 degrees C. More extensive analyses demonstrated that the inhibitor was also capable of inhibiting T4 DNA ligase and TaqI DNA polymerase, but not DNase or RNase. Chemical analyses indicated that the inhibitor was devoid of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids but rich in phosphorus. A combination of nuclear magnetic resonance, metachromatic shift of toluidine blue, and gel filtration indicated that the inhibitor was a polyphosphate (polyP) containing approximately 60 phosphate molecules. The mechanism of inhibition appeared to involve complexing of polyP to the enzymatic proteins. All species of Colletotrichum analyzed produced polyP equivalent in chain length and concentration. A modification to the original DNA extraction procedure is described which eliminates polyP and reduces the time necessary to obtain DNA of sufficient purity for restriction enzyme digestion and TaqI polymerase amplification.
Title Perinatal exposure to genistein , a soy phytoestrogen , improves spatial learning and memory but impairs passive avoidance learning and memory in offspring Author ( s )

This study investigated the effects of perinatal genistein (GEN) exposure on the central nervous system of rat offspring. Pregnant dams orally received GEN (1 or 10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (1 ml/kg/day) from gestation day 10 to postnatal day 14. In order to assess the effects of GEN on rat offspring, we used a battery of behavioral tests, including the open-field, elevated plus-maze, MAZE and step-through passive avoidance tests. MAZE test is an appetite-motivation test, and we used this mainly for assessing spatial learning and memory. In the MAZE test, GEN groups exhibited shorter latency from start to goal than the vehicle-treated group in both sexes. On the other hand, performances in the step-through passive avoidance test were non-monotonically inhibited by GEN in both sexes, and a significant difference was observed in low dose of the GEN-treated group compared to the vehicle-treated group in female rats. Furthermore, we found that perinatal exposure to GEN did not significantly alter locomotor activity or emotionality assessed by the open-field and elevated-plus maze tests. These results suggest that perinatal exposure to GEN improved spatial learning and memory of rat offspring, but impaired their passive avoidance learning and memory.
A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial of 0.5% Podofilox and Placebo for the Treatment of Genital Warts in Women

Patient-applied formulations of 0.5% podofilox (podophyllotoxin) were evaluated for the treatment of external genital warts in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Seventytwo women were enrolled and, using a randomized, computer-generated list, assigned to receive either active drug or placebo in a 2:1 ratio. Patients were instructed to apply the medication to their external warts twice each day for 3 consecutive days, followed by 4 days without treatment. This cycle was repeated at weekly intervals for a maximum of 4 weeks (and a minimum of 2 weeks). Patients were evaluated weekly for the first month and then at weeks 6 and 10. The number of warts present was recorded and the overall improvement was assessed. The treated area was examined, the patients were questioned about any adverse effects, and standard hematologic/biochemical studies were conducted. The final results showed that podofilox cleared 74% of the total wart count, compared with an 18% regression in the placebo group (P<.001). The investigators' assessments of improvement correctly distinguished active drug from placebo at every observation point. Local untoward effects were minor and transient. There was no evidence of systemic effects. It is concluded that patientapplied podofilox is a safe and effective therapy for genital condylomata in women. When available, this drug will simplify the treatment of genital warts by providing a patient-applied alternative therapy.