Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Making Technology Masculine: Men, Women, and Modern Machines in America, 1870-1945

Het zal weinig opzien baren wanneer technologie als 'mannelijk' wordt gekwalificeerd, maar de stelling dat deze uitspraak historisch bepaald en pas sinds kort 'waar' is, zal meer stof doen opwaaien. Making Technology Masculine brengt in kaart op welke wijze mannen beslag legden op de technologie als hun exclusieve domein en onderzoekt hoe vrouwen dit mannelijke overwicht op alternatieve wijze probeerden te ondermijnen. Het strijdtoneel waaarop de vrouwelijke ingenieurs, uitvinders, sociale wetenschappers, activistes en schrijfsters zich verzetten tegen technologie als de moderne mannelijke mythe, strekt zich uit van de werkvloer tot de wereldtentoonstellingen. Oldenziel vertelt de geschiedenis van de technologie - als intellectuele constructie en als practische toepassing - aan de hand van deze strubbelingen. Ze legt uit waarom mannelijke machines de moderne ijkpunten van de technologie zijn geworden en daarbij baseert ze zich op een groot aantal bronnen. De schrijfster laat zien hoe de technologie zich heeft ontwikkeld tot de narratieve reproductie van moderne mannelijkheid, en zo weinig ruimte overlaat voor vrouwelijke inmenging.
Pilot contamination elimination precoding in multi-cell massive MIMO systems

This paper considers the pilot contamination problem in multi-cell massive MIMO systems. We propose a novel cell-specific uplink training scheme along with a downlink pilot contamination elimination precoding (PCEP) scheme. In the uplink training phase, users in one cell apply the same pilot sequence, while orthogonal pilot sequences are employed in different cells. With time-division duplex operation, base stations (BSs) estimate downlink channels in uplink training phases. For downlink data transmissions, the PCEP scheme is introduced to cancel the intra-cell interference caused by pilot contamination. Analytical studies show that the downlink received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) of all users approach infinity simultaneously as the number of BS antennas tends to infinity. We also analytically investigate the performance of the proposed schemes in practical scenarios with a finite number of BS antennas. Simulation results demonstrate significant improvement in system performance of the proposed schemes over the existing methods.
Application of parabolic equation methods to HF propagation in an Arctic environment

This paper demonstrates the usefulness and flexibility of parabolic equation methods when applied to high frequency (HF) propagation calculations over cliffs and in realistic arctic environments, which are required for estimating the performance of High Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR). All calculations are performed using a modified version of the TERPEM (TERrain Parabolic Equation Model) software package. This software has been tested extensively through comparisons with other models. As an example, a comparison between data generated with TERPEM and data published in the literature is shown. Calculations performed for four cliff heights (0, 102, 300, 498 m) show that the cliff does not significantly affect the propagation of HFSWR signals at the ranges of interest. Site-specific calculations performed for realistic arctic conditions (cold, low-salinity water covered with broken sea ice and snow) show that HFSWR propagation can be equal to or better than that for ice-free conditions over a significant range for a significant portion of the year (/spl sim/3 or 4 months). Based on these results, and other considerations related to sea clutter, ionospheric clutter, and man-made noise, it is concluded that useful operation of HFSWR at specific sites in the arctic should be feasible for a significant portion of the year.
Infantile spasms with predominantly unilateral cerebral abnormalities.

To investigate the pathogenesis of infantile spasms, 12 children underwent a combination of neurophysiologic and neuroimaging studies including brainstem evoked potentials and single photon emission computed tomography with 99mTcHMPAO. Three of the children had localized cerebral abnormalities on neuroimaging, i.e. right frontotemporal cortical microdysgenesis, left frontotemporal polymicrogyria, and right parietooccipitotemporal porencephalic cyst. Neurophysiologic studies also indicated that a single cerebral hemisphere was predominantly involved, while the other hemisphere and the brainstem were relatively spared, a result compatible with the clinical findings of hemiparesis and hemiconvulsion. In these three patients, administration of carbamazepine was followed by marked improvement of the clinical and electroencephalographic findings. Our results suggest that a combination of noninvasive examinations can distinguish a particular subtype of infantile spasms associated with a localized cerebral abnormality and responsive to carbamazepine.
PAK4: a pluripotent kinase that regulates prostate cancer cell adhesion

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is associated with tumour progression and increases the invasiveness of prostate carcinoma cells. Migration and invasion require coordinated reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton and regulation of cell-adhesion dynamics. Rho-family GTPases orchestrate both of these cellular processes. p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), a specific effector of the Rho GTPase Cdc42, is activated by HGF, and we have previously shown that activated PAK4 induces a loss of both actin stress fibres and focal adhesions. We now report that DU145 human prostate cancer cells with reduced levels of PAK4 expression are unable to successfully migrate in response to HGF, have prominent actin stress fibres, and an increase in the size and number of focal adhesions. Moreover, these cells have a concomitant reduction in cell-adhesion turnover rates. We find that PAK4 is localised at focal adhesions, is immunoprecipitated with paxillin and phosphorylates paxillin on serine 272. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PAK4 can regulate RhoA activity via GEF-H1. Our results suggest that PAK4 is a pluripotent kinase that can regulate both actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and focal-adhesion dynamics.
ZigBee-nased wireless ECG monitor

In this paper a portable, wireless ZigBee based ECG monitoring device prototype is presented. The device is able to acquire, sample and transmit over the air a single lead ECG signal to a remote base station (e.g. PC, laptop), in real time. ZigBee offers an efficient relay protocol, good transmission range, flexible network structure with emphasis on power consumption efficiency. Considerations are made upon ZigBee usefulness in the field of telemedicine and biomedical engineering, focusing on the trade-off between the amount of data transmitted and preservation of battery life.
Subsistence economy in the Negev Highlands: the Iron Age and the Byzantine/Early Islamic period

Abstract The article reports results of a long-term geoarchaeological project in the Negev Highlands. Based on previous phytolith analysis from degraded livestock dung, we suggested that the inhabitants of an Iron IIA site in the region subsisted on animal husbandry, without practicing cereal cultivation (Shahack-Gross and Finkelstein 2008). Here we report on further investigations — on another Iron Age site, a Byzantine/Early Islamic site, and on a pre-modern Bedouin winter encampment. We seek to test the nature of the phytolith record in this arid environment. We establish that phytolith assemblages in the study area are generally well preserved; that phytolith concentrations in dung of pre-modern free-grazing livestock were originally low; and that in a Byzantine/Early Islamic site for which cereal cultivation is documented textually, livestock dung includes cereal phytoliths. These patterns enable a secure interpretation of the phytolith assemblages from the Iron IIA sites, fortifying our previous suggestion that the Iron Age inhabitants of the Negev Highlands subsisted mainly on herding and did not undertake dry farming.
Protein phosphatase 2A and its B56 regulatory subunit inhibit Wnt signaling in Xenopus

Wnt signaling increases β‐catenin abundance and transcription of Wnt‐responsive genes. Our previous work suggested that the B56 regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibits Wnt signaling. Okadaic acid (a phosphatase inhibitor) increases, while B56 expression reduces, β‐catenin abundance; B56 also reduces transcription of Wnt‐responsive genes. Okadaic acid is a tumor promoter, and the structural A subunit of PP2A is mutated in multiple cancers. Taken together, the evidence suggests that PP2A is a tumor suppressor. However, other studies suggest that PP2A activates Wnt signaling. We now show that the B56, A and catalytic C subunits of PP2A each have ventralizing activity in Xenopus embryos. B56 was epistatically positioned downstream of GSK3β and axin but upstream of β‐catenin, and axin co‐immunoprecipitated B56, A and C subunits, suggesting that PP2A:B56 is in the β‐catenin degradation complex. PP2A appears to be essential for β‐catenin degradation, since β‐catenin degradation was reconstituted in phosphatase‐depleted Xenopus egg extracts by PP2A, but not PP1. These results support the hypothesis that PP2A:B56 directly inhibits Wnt signaling and plays a role in development and carcinogenesis.
A 5 year retrospective study of biopsied jaw lesions with the assessment of concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnoses

Introduction: The jaw can be affected by several lesions that manifest in the oral cavity, but little is known about their distribution patterns in various populations. Aims and Objectives: This study presents the frequency and distribution of biopsied jaw lesions recorded in Faculty of Dentistry and gathers the information including provisional and final diagnosis of the lesions. Material and Methods: Biopsy of 1938 lesions (2008–2013) was reviewed and 1473 lesions were included in this study. The provisional diagnosis and histopathological validations of lesions were compared. Data on the location of the lesion, as well as patient demographics, were also evaluated. The lesions were divided into three major groups as 1 - developmental/reactive and inflammatory lesions of the jaw, 2 - cystic lesion and 3 - tumor and tumor-like lesions. Statistical Analysis: The variables were recorded and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results and Observations: Three hundred and ninety-six lesions were in Group 1 and periapical granuloma was the most frequent diagnosis. Seven hundred and eighty-nine lesions were in Group 2 and the radicular cyst was the most frequent diagnosis. Two hundred and eighty-eight lesions were in Group 3 and the keratocystic odontogenic tumor was the most frequent. Two hundred and ninety-one biopsied lesions were in disagreement with respect to the diagnoses on clinical and histopathological examination. Conclusion: Consequently, a provisional diagnosis of some of the malignant lesions was reactive, inflammatory, cystic or benign lesions, therefore the importance of evaluation of the specimen is emphasized.
Symphysio-Fundal Height Measurement as a Means of Gestational Age Assessment in the Second Half of Pregnancy at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Background: Accurate determination of gestational age (GA) is an important part of obstetric care. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the reliability of symphsio-fundal height (SFH) measurement in assessing gestational age in the second half of pregnancy. Method: A total of 390 pregnant Nigerian women carrying uncomplicated singleton pregnancies between the gestational age of 20-40 weeks had SFH measurements done at the antenatal clinic, and ultrasonic biparietal diameter (BPD) and femur length (FL) determination at the fetal assessment unit, maternity wing of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. The patients were followed up subsequently and managed till delivery. At delivery each baby was examined within the first 48 hours of life and gestational age at birth was assigned using the Ballard method. Result: Of the 390 patients studied, SFH correctly assessed GA in 80% compared to 81.3% for BPD (P = 0.43), 82.1% for FL (P = 0.41), 84.1% for BPD and FL (p = 0.35). There is no significant difference in the sensitivity of SFH 93.1% and ultrasound 97.9%. There is also no significant difference in the margin of error between the true gestational ages obtained by the two methods (SFH 15-41days Vs ultrasound 15-33days). Combined ultrasound parameters(BP & FL),FL, BPD and SFH were progressively less closely correlated with the age of the fetus assessed by Ballard method. Conclusion: This study showed that accurate measurement of the SFH is a reliable method of gestational age assessment in the second half of pregnancy DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjog.v26i1. 13751 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2011; Vol. 26(1) : 3-9
High Discounts and High Unemployment

In recessions, all types of investment fall, including employers' investment in job creation. The stock market falls more than in proportion to corporate profit. The discount rate implicit in the stock market rises, and discounts for other claims on business income also rise. According to the leading view of unemployment-the Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides model-when the incentive for job creation falls, the labor market slackens and unemployment rises. Employers recover their investments in job creation by collecting a share of the surplus from the employment relationship. The value of that flow falls when the discount rate rises. Thus high discount rates imply high unemployment. This paper does not explain why the discount rate rises so much in recessions. Rather, it shows that the rise in unemployment makes perfect economic sense in an economy where, for some reason, the discount rises substantially in recessions.
Synthesis, processing, and oligomerization of bovine herpesvirus 1 gE and gI membrane proteins

This study reports the identification and initial characterization of the precursors, modified forms, and oligomers of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) gI and gE proteins with polyvalent rabbit serum specific for gI or gE. Our experiments used the Colorado strain of BHV-1 and mutant viruses with insertions of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene into the predicted gE and gI reading frames. We also translated the gE and gI open reading frames in vitro and expressed them in uninfected cells using eukaryotic expression vectors. Precursor-product relationships were established by pulse-chase analysis and endoglycosidase H and glycopeptidase F digestions. Like the homologous glycoproteins of herpes simplex virus type 1, pseudorabies virus, and varicella-zoster virus, BHV-1 gI and gE are modified by N-linked glycosylation and associate with each other soon after synthesis, forming a noncovalent complex in infected and transfected cells. An analysis of mutant and wild-type-virus-infected cells and transfected COS cells expressing gE or gI alone suggested that gE-gI complex formation is necessary for efficient processing of the gE precursor to its mature form. One new finding was that unlike the other alphaherpesvirus gI homologs, a fraction of pulse-labeled gI synthesized in BHV-1-infected cells apparently is cleaved into two relatively stable fragments 2 to 4 h after the pulse. Finally, we incubated BHV-1-infected cell extracts with nonimmune mouse, rabbit, horse, pig, and calf sera and found no evidence that gE or gI functioned as Fc receptors as reported for the herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus homologs.
REFERENCE INTERVALS AND PHYSIOLOGIC ALTERATIONS IN HEMATOLOGIC AND BIOCHEMICAL VALUES OF FREE-RANGING DESERT TORTOISES IN THE MOJAVE DESERT

Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) populations have experienced precipitous declines resulting from the cumulative impact of habitat loss, and human and disease-related mortality. Evaluation of hematologic and biochemical responses of desert tortoises to physiologic and environmental factors can facilitate the assessment of stress and disease in tortoises and contribute to management decisions and population recovery. The goal of this study was to obtain and analyze clinical laboratory data from free-ranging desert tortoises at three sites in the Mojave Desert (California, USA) between October 1990 and October 1995, to establish reference intervals, and to develop guidelines for the interpretation of laboratory data under a variety of environmental and physiologic conditions. Body weight, carapace length, and venous blood samples for a complete blood count and clinical chemistry profile were obtained from 98 clinically healthy adult desert tortoises of both sexes at the Desert Tortoise Research Natural area (western Mojave), Goffs (eastern Mojave) and Ivanpah Valley (northeastern Mojave). Samples were obtained four times per year, in winter (February/March), spring (May/June), summer (July/August), and fall (October). Years of near-, above- and below-average rainfall were represented in the 5 yr period. Minimum, maximum and median values, and central 95 percentiles were used as reference intervals and measures of central tendency for tortoises at each site and/or season. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance for significant (P < 0.01) variation on the basis of sex, site, season, and interactions between these variables. Significant sex differences were observed for packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, aspartate transaminase activity, and cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations. Marked seasonal variation was observed in most parameters in conjunction with reproductive cycle, hibernation, or seasonal rainfall. Year-to-year differences and long-term alterations primarily reflected winter rainfall amounts. Site differences were minimal, and largely reflected geographic differences in precipitation patterns, such that results from these studies can be applied to other tortoise populations in environments with known rainfall and forage availability patterns.
Distributed Tracking Control of an Interconnected Leader–Follower Multiagent System

In the existing control problems for the leader–follower multiagent systems, the leader's dynamics are independent of the followers. In this paper, we consider a tracking control problem for an interconnected leader–follower multiagent system, where the leader's dynamics are interconnected with the states of the followers. It is shown that such a problem can be used to model the autonomous power sharing problem of grid-connected microgrids. In order to solve this problem, a distributed control law using only local information is synthesized. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control law.
Microsomal metabolism of benzene to species irreversibly binding to microsomal protein and effects of modifications of this metabolism.

It has been shown that when [14C]benzene is incubated with rat liver microsomes in the presence of a NADPH-generating system, metabolites which irreversibly bind to biomacromolecules are formed. This binding occurs mainly to microsomal protein rather than ribonucleic acids. The addition of 2 mM reduced glutathione or cysteine to the incubation mixture prevented 90-95% of the binding but had only a small effect on the formation of phenol, the main metabolite of benzene and rearrangement product of the putative reactive intermediate benzene oxide. The rate of phenol formation was approximately the same when fully deuterated benzene and normal benzene were used as substrates. This is compatible with phenol formation via benzene oxide and not possible if the C-H cleaving of a direct insertion reaction were the rate-limiting step. The decrease in binding in presence of reduced glutathione was accompanied by a corresponding increase in the amount of water soluble metabolites. In contrast to the situation with metabolically activated benzene, the putative reactive metabolite benzene oxide led to negligible binding and reduced glutathione had no effect on the formation of water soluble metabolites, i.e., the spontaneous conjugation of benzene oxide and reduced glutathione was practically zero at the physiological pH of the experiments. However, when [3H]-phenol was incubated with rat liver microsomes and a NADPH-generating system, effects similar to those with benzene were observed in that marked irreversible binding occurred and this binding was prevented by reduced glutathione. The extent of binding was much greater when using phenol. These results are compatible with the assumption that an immediate metabolite of phenol rather than of benzene is responsible for the binding. This assumption is supported by the fact that addition of uridine-diphosphate-glucuronic acid to incubations with [14C]benzene decreased the amount of both phenol and the irreversibly bound metabolites. Metabolism of benzene to 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxybenzene was observable, but only when pure epoxide hydratase was added in amounts greatly exceeding those already present in the microsomes. Increased formation of this diol upon addition of homogeneous epoxide hydratase is unequivocal proof for the metabolic formation of benzene oxide, which has so far eluded isolation. The observations (i) prove that reactive metabolite(s) which irreversibly bind to microsomal protein are formed during microsomal metabolism of benzene and that this binding is prevented by low molecular weight nucleophiles such as glutathione or cysteine; (ii) exclude benzene oxide as the metabolite predominantly responsible for this binding; and (iii) strongly indicate that a secondary metabolite of benzene, namely a metabolite of phenol, is mainly responsible for this binding.
Postprandial Insulin Lispro: A new therapeutic option for type 1 diabetic patients

OBJECTIVE For intensified insulin therapy of type 1 diabetes, bolus injection of regular human insulin 30–15 min before a meal is currently recommended. This randomized study is aimed to determine whether insulin lispro (LIS), a new insulin analog with a rapid onset of action, can provide comparable blood glucose (BG) control by injection after the meal. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eighteen type 1 diabetic subjects injected regular insulin (REG) at 40, 20, or 0 min before or LIS at 20 or 0 min before or 15 min after the start of a standardized test meal. BG excursions and area under the curve of BG excursions (AUC) at the six visits were compared by analysis of variance. Hypoglycemic events (BG ≤2.78 mmol/1) were evaluated in relation to the achieved postprandial BG control. RESULTS Mean AUC values were 2.00, 2.55, and 3.33 mmol · h · 1−1 for REG given 40, 20, and 0 min before the test meal, respectively, and −2.19, −2.15, and 1.98 mmol · h · 1−1 for LIS given 20 and 0 min before and 15 min after the start of the test meal, respectively. LIS injected 20 min (−20) or immediately (0) before the meal was significantly more effective in controlling postprandial BG excursion (P < 0.001) than any REG treatment. Postprandial injection of LIS (15) did not compromise postprandial BG control and resulted in less hypoglycemia. REG −40 and LIS −20 were associated with early hypoglycemia, but other hypoglycemic events were equally distributed among groups. CONCLUSIONS The optimal time for bolus insulin injection was 20 min before the meal for REG and immediately before the meal for LIS. LIS injected immediately after a standard meal provided postprandial BG control at least as good as REG injected from 40 to 0 min before the meal. Postprandial injection of LIS is an attractive new therapeutic option.