Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipid composition and molecular speciation of the triacylglycerol of the oil of Picralima nitida.

The seed of Picralima nitida was analyzed for the proximate and mineral composition while its oil was chemically evaluated. The crude protein content was found as 10.20±0.50 % while the carbohydrate content was 74.53±0.50 %. The iodine and saponification values were found as 136.40±1.00 and 198.25±0.30 mg KOH/g, respectively. Potassium (114.00±0.20 ppm) was the dominant mineral in the seed while calcium (91.00±0.20 ppm) was the dominant mineral in the oil. C18:1 (50.65±0.2 %) was the major fatty acid while the neutral lipids (96.30±0.50 %) were the predominant lipid class. The molecular speciation of the triacylglycerol revealed the presence of molecular species with equivalent carbon chain number C 38 (20.38±0.1 %) as the most abundant species. Monogalactosylmonoacylglycerol (67.95±0.10 %) and phosphatidyl choline (66.30±0.10 %) were the main glycolipids and phospholipids found in the oil. Sterols and hydrocarbons were identified in the unsaponifiable matter of the oil using GC-MS.
Plant accessible phosphorus as a discriminator of native vegetation in the upper Blue Mountains.

Soil phosphorus is often considered a critical factor in the distribution of mesomorphic communities in south-eastern Australia. This is based largely on the measurement of total P concentrations in the surface soil rather than P accessibility, even though changes between vegetation patterns are often associated with a change in parent material. This study estimated plant accessible P with reference to mesomorphic forest (MF), dry sclerophyll forest (DSF), woodland (WO) and heath (H) on basalt and sandstone substrates in the upper Blue Mountains. Soil surface total P concentrations (Pt) were significantly greater in MF than in xeromorphic communities (DSF, WO & H) as reported by others. However, Pt for DSF was at levels typically associated with mesomorphic vegetation. Olsen P concentrations were not significantly greater in DSF than HE and Mehlich-3 P could not separate any of the xeromorphic communities. Pt may exaggerate the fertility status of DSF soils whereas available P is consistent with the occurrence of a xeromorphic community at this site. P accessibility was significantly lower in basalt-derived soils than on sandstone substrates, though available P still discriminated between MF on basalt and the xeromorphic communities.
Asymmetric information and dividends payout at the São Paulo stock exchange

Iquiapaza, Robert Aldo; Lamounier, Wagner Moura; Amaral, Hudson Fernandes (2008): Asymmetric information and dividends payout at the Sao Paulo stock exchange. Adv. sci. appl. Account. 1(1), 1001-14. The research objective was to assess the influence of asymmetric information, agency costs and property structure on the dividends payout in 178 open capital companies listed at the Sao Paulo stock exchange (Bovespa). The analyzed period was 20002004. Tobit s regression model for censored data was used due to the fact that the payout index was censored at zero. It was verified that companies with American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) issued at the New York stock exchange, a proxy for smaller asymmetric information, paid smaller dividends, which is in line with the signaling hypothesis. After asymmetric information control, propriety concentration by the company gestors (insiders) presented a negative relationship with dividends payout. Finally, dividends payment relationship was found to be negative with opportunities for growth and positive with the cash flow, as forecasted by the pecking order hypothesis.
Tectonics and Sedimentation in the Panama Basin: Geologic Results of Leg 16, Deep Sea Drilling Project

DSDP Sites 155, 157, and 158 of Leg 16, and Site 84 of Leg 9 have broadly defined the depositional history of the Panama Basin and provided constraints as to its tectonic evolution. Only during the last 5 m.y. have the depositional histories of DSDP 157, 84, and 158 (the continuously cored sites) diverged strongly. DSDP 157 contains a fairly uniform sequence of carbonate-rich oozes and chalks, whereas the upper sections of DSDP 84 and 158 become progressively richer in volcanic and terrigenous debris and 158 shows a decrease in sedimentation rate from the late Miocene until the late Quaternary. These changes apparently resulted from separation of the sites due to spreading along the Galapagos Rift Zone; movement of DSDP 84 and 158 out of the productive zone along the northern fringe of the Peru Current; influx of hemipelagic sediments as the northern sites approached Central America; influx of volcanic debris to DSDP 84 from the active Coiba Fracture Zone; and a general rise in the lysocline during the late Cenozoic coupled with the normal rise of this feature along a continental margin. The basalts cored at the Leg 16 sites are more fractionated than mid-ocean ridge tholeiites, suggesting that they are derived from a "hot spot," such as the Galapagos. The depositional histories, basement compositions, and basement ages of the DSDP sites suggest that the aseismic ridges of the Panama Basin formed from the Galapagos volcanic center and the Basin itself developed by spreading along a formerly more extensive Galapagos Rift Zone during the past 15 million years.
USING WIKIS TO DEVELOP WRITING PERFORMANCE AMONG PROSPECTIVE ENGLISH AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS

This study aimed at investigating the effect of using wikis to develop prospective English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' writing performance. The participants were fourth year prospective EFL teachers at Suez Faculty of Education in Egypt. Thirty prospective EFL teachers participated in each of the experimental and control groups. Both groups were pre-tested by using the Writing Performance Test (WPT) for equivalence in their writing performance. The experiment was conducted at the beginning of the first term of the academic year 20092010. The experimental group and the control group were post-tested by using the WPT. Differences between the mean scores of the preand post-WPT were calculated by using the t-test. The results showed that statistically significant differences were found between the mean scores of the experimental group and the control group on the post-WPT in favor of the experimental group. The results also revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the mean scores of the experimental group between the preand post-WPT in favor of the post-WPT. These results revealed the effectiveness of using wikis in developing prospective EFL teachers' writing performance. It is recommended that formal training of EFL writing instructors should introduce programs that based on using wikis in writing classrooms to develop their students' writing performance. Suggestions for further research include investigating the effect of using wikis on developing prospective EFL teachers' collaboration and reflection.
When Customer Love Turns into Lasting Hate: The Effects of Relationship Strength and Time on Customer Revenge and Avoidance

This article explores the effects of time and relationship strength on the evolution of customer revenge and avoidance in online public complaining contexts. First, the authors examine whether online complainers hold a grudge—in terms of revenge and avoidance desires—over time. They find that time affects the two desires differently: Although revenge decreases over time, avoidance increases over time, indicating that customers indeed hold a grudge. Second, the authors examine the moderation effect of a strong relationship on how customers hold this grudge. They find that firms' best customers have the longest unfavorable reactions (i.e., a longitudinal love-becomes-hate effect). Specifically, over time, the revenge of strong-relationship customers decreases more slowly and their avoidance increases more rapidly than that of weak-relationship customers. Third, the authors explore a solution to attenuate this damaging effect—namely, the firm offering an apology and compensation after the online complaint. Overall, they find that strong-relationship customers are more amenable to any level of recovery attempt. The authors test the first two issues with a longitudinal survey and the third issue with a follow-up experiment.
Synchrotron X-ray microtomography and lattice Boltzmann simulations of gas flow through volcanic pumices

To illustrate the advances made in permeability calculations combining X-ray microtomography and lattice Boltzmann method simulations, a sample suite of different types of pumices was investigated. Large three-dimensional images at high spatial resolution were collected at three different synchrotron facilities (Elettra, SLS, and ESRF). Single phase gas flow simulations were done on computer clusters with a highly parallelized lattice Boltzmann code, named Palabos. Permeability measurements obtained by gas flow simulation were compared to lab measurements of pumices produced by the Kos Plateau Tuff eruption to validate the method. New permeability data for pumices from other silicic volcanic deposits is presented, and an empirical model for permeability is tested using geometrical and topological data, i.e., tortuosity, specific surface area, and total and connected porosity.
Size-class partitioning and herding in a foraging group of green turtles Chelonia mydas

To collect data on green turtles Chelonia mydas near the Marquesas Keys, Florida, USA, we conducted haphazard, unmarked, nonlinear transect (HUNT) surveys from a moving vessel. Dur- ing HUNTs, we recorded green turtle locations and made opportunistic captures. We found a unique foraging assemblage of subadult and adult green turtles in open-water seagrass habitat (3 to 5 m deep) at the eastern Quicksands, west of the Marquesas Keys. At an adjacent area in the Marquesas Keys (Mooney Harbor), we observed juvenile green turtles foraging in shallow seagrass habitat (<2 m). During 267 km of HUNTs, 370 green turtles (153 adults, 216 subadults, 1 juvenile) were recorded from the eastern Quicksands. At the Mooney Harbor site, 190 juvenile green turtles were sighted during 309 km of transects. Green turtles captured at the eastern Quicksands were adult and subadult animals that ranged from 69.3 to 108.5 cm straight carapace length (SCL; mean ± SD = 88.4 ± 10.6 cm, n = 31). Green turtles captured in Mooney Harbor were juveniles ranging from 27.0 to 59.3 cm SCL (mean = 44.0 ± 7.8, n = 41). Six repeatable, linear transects were surveyed during 3 sampling events at the eastern Quicksands. During these transects, 238 green turtles were observed. These spatial data were used in a nearest-neighbor analysis, which indicated that the distribution of green turtles at the eastern Quicksands was non-random and clumped. We hypothesize that adult and large subadult green turtles use deeper water habitats than juveniles, and this size-class parti- tioning may be due to differing habitat requirements and predation risk. Our analyses indicate that green turtles found at the eastern Quicksands form foraging herds.
The Transformation of the Chinese Class Structure, 1978-2005

This chapter investigates the transformation of the Chinese class structure and class inequality since economic reforms. Drawing from neo-Marxian class theory, the chapter develops a Chinese class schema based on the unique socialist institutions, such as the household registration system ( hukou ), the work unit ( danwei ), and the cadre-worker distinction, which are associated with the ownership of different types of productive assets. Using data from several national representative surveys from 1988 to 2005, the chapter shows the expansion of new capitalist classes and the declines in the numbers of both peasants and state workers, and finds that the class structure has shifted to a trajectory of proletarianization, particularly since 1992. Both capitalists and cadres are the main winners of the economic transitions, whereas peasants, workers in the private sector, and even the self-employed are the losers. Keywords: capitalist classes; Chinese class structure; neo-Marxian class theory
Modelling the relationships between internal marketing factors and employee job satisfaction in oil and gas industry

Employees have long been playing the pivotal role in service organizations to achieve a success-oriented goal. The oil and gas industry is included in the high rising sectors in the world’s economy. Due to economic turmoil in this sector, a fear of being laid off remains in an employee’s mind. Thus, the goal of this study is to assess the impact between internal marketing factors (e.g., extrinsic and intrinsic employee rewards, leadership, internal communication, and training and development), and employee job satisfaction in the oil and gas industry. There were 215 complete and usable questionnaires received, and the answers varied among the demographic and functional designation within the oil and gas industry. Multiple regressions were utilized for analysis of data. Results revealed that internal communication is recognized to have the strongest effect on employee job satisfaction in the oil and gas industry. Organizations must emphasize on communicating to all level of employees by setting clear directions and key priorities in the organization, provided that the communications are not misled through upward and downward streams. Furthermore, organizations are to create a space for employees to give clear instructions via e-mail, paper, telephones, and face-to-face communication. A management can utilize the research results by conducting such internal marketing practices to keep their top rated employees within the organization. ut the individual differences related to entrepreneurial intentions, it is necessary to continue studying this phenomenon, considering that the results are still scarce and inconclusive.
Organizational Structure and Exposure to Crisis Among European Banks: Evidence from Rating Changes

The Great Crisis that started in 2007 deeply affected banks throughout Europe. Using the assessments of the two global agencies that publish ratings of the financial strength of individual banks, we study whether the crisis hit European banks differently depending on their organizational structure. We analyze the changes in the ratings during the crisis and how they are related to bank ownership. Our results lend support to the hypothesis that stakeholder banks, especially cooperative banks, were downgraded to a lesser degree than shareholder banks. However, the results differ somewhat across the rating agencies. We also discuss the sources of ratings disagreements in the paper. Our paper is among the first presenting statistically based evidence on the relative merits of different organizational structures during the recent financial and economic crisis.
The Impact of Metacognitive Instruction on EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension and Oral Language Proficiency

The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of metacognitive instruction on EFL learners’ metacognitive awareness of listening strategies, listening comprehension, and oral language proficiency. Fifty students of two upper-intermediate English courses participated in the study and were sampled as the experimental and control groups. For sixteen weeks the experimental group participated in metacognitive instruction of listening with the aim of promoting their metacognitive awareness of listening strategies while listening to oral texts. Meanwhile, the control group received listening instruction without any focus on strategies. The result revealed that, while controlling for students’ entry-level metacognitive awareness and English listening and speaking proficiency, the instruction heightened the experimental group’s metacognitive awareness significantly at the end of the experiment. Although a difference between the listening ability of the experimental and control groups was found, this difference did not reach the level of statistical significance. As hypothesized, a significant difference between the experimental and control groups’ speaking ability was found in favor of the experimental group.
POLLUTION STATUS OF NIKOL LAKE LOCATED IN EASTERN AHMEDABAD, GUJARAT- INDIA

Pollution is viewed as the release of substances and energy as waste product of human activities which result in harmful changes within the natural environment. The pollutant which causes pollution can be defined as “anything living or non living or any physical agent that in its excess makes any part of the environment undesirable. In the present study water of Nikol lake was analyzed for various physicochemical parameters. The study was carried out for a period of one year (March 2010 to February 2011). Monthly data’s been collected but were represented seasonally along with standard error. Different parameters studied were Temperature, Electrical conductivity, Turbidity, Total dissolve solids, pH, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemcial oxygen demand, Chloride, Nitrate and Phosphate. The results obtained from the above study indicate that the water of Nikol lake shows very high level of pollution and ecological balance of lake is totally disturb.
Structural evolution and tectonic setting of the Porongos belt, southern Brazil

The SW–NE-striking Porongos belt, located between juvenile Neoproterozoic rocks in the west and the Dom Feliciano belt, characterized by intense reworking of older crust, in the east, comprises a greenschist to amphibolite-facies metavolcano-metasedimentary succession (Porongos sequence) of unknown age with some exposures of Palaeoproterozoic gneisses (Encantadas gneisses). High-temperature ductile deformation of the basement gneisses comprises at least two magmatic events followed by three deformational phases including folding and shearing (DT1–DT3) and can be attributed to the Palaeoproterozoic Trans-Amazonian orogeny. The deformation of the Porongos sequence occurred during the Neoproterozoic Brasiliano orogeny and comprises four ductile deformation phases (DB1–DB4), including two phases of isoclinal folding associated with shearing recorded in mylonitic layers, followed by closed NW-vergent folding and thrusting leading to formation of a thrust stack. Uplift of the basement and formation of late tectonic sedimentary basins occurred as a result of semi-ductile to brittle block faulting in a sinistral strike-slip regime. The Porongos sequence can be subdivided into a southeastern and a northwestern part. Trace element analyses as well as Sm–Nd and Rb–Sr geochemical data indicate partial melting and significant contamination by old continental crust for the metavolcanic rocks. The metavolcanic rocks show εNd(t=780 Ma) values of −20.64 and −21.72 (northwestern units) and −6.87 (southeastern sequence). The metasedimentary rocks were derived from late Palaeoproterozoic to Archaean sources, and the data indicate different sources for the northwestern and southeastern rock units of the Porongos sequence. εNd(t=780 Ma) are −6.25 and −6.85 in the southeastern units, with TDM model ages between 1734 and 1954 Ma, and vary between −14.72 and −17.96 in the northwestern parts, which have TDM model ages between 2346 and 2710 Ma. High 87Sr/86Sr(t) values between 0.7064 and 0.7286 confirm reworking of older crust. Isotopic signatures of the Porongos sequence do not show indications for a significant contribution from a Neoproterozoic juvenile source. A passive margin or continental rift environment is suggested for the tectonic setting of the Porongos belt, which is compatible with both deposition of shallow marine to deep marine sediments and stretching of continental crust leading to volcanism which is characterized by significant contamination by old continental crust.
Is gravity, the curvature of spacetime or a quantum phenomenon?

Gravity is the curvature of spacetime, the structural property of static gravitational field, a geometric field, in curved coordinates, according the functions g uv , that express geometric relations. Course, general relativity is a relational theory, however, gravity, a thinking category, has symetric physical effects with matter. Throught of relativist aether was attempted transform spacetime in a substantia without succes, the consequence was return to problematic geometric field. The philosophy of the science intervenes, and according the substantialist theory spacetime is a inmaterial, geometric substantia. Then, the metaphysics arrives to a full solution in the super-substantivalist theory, that affirms: matter arises from geometric spacetime. Thus, it explains consistently the symetric physical effects between spacetime and matter. Surely, this solution is a medieval speculation. Our goal is driver the debate on gravity, to the arena of the quantum physics, but without the ballast of the general relativity.
The prediction of mental health based on variables of Self-esteem, life satisfaction and hope among College students

Background and objective: Mental health is one of the key variables in the field of Psychology and Educational Sciences that several factors have been studied in relation to it. The aim of this study is to predict students' mental health using the variables of self-esteem, life satisfaction was hope. Methods: This study was of the correlation among non-experimental studies. The population were included all students in shahrood University (9,000 student) and for the sample size used krejcie and Morgan table and 368 were selected. A booklet that participants were asked to respond to questions, including:1-demographic Questionnaire2-General Health Goldberg and Hiller Questionnaire 3- Snyder Hope questionnaire 4- Rosenberg self esteem questionnaire.5-Diner satisfaction with life Questionnaire. To analyze the data descriptive statistics (Charts, measure of central tendency and dispersion measures) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and stepwise regression analysis) were used. Results: The results show that between self-esteem, satisfaction with life, hope and mental health (r=0/76 0/70 and 0/76) There is a significant correlation. Students mental health can be predicted based on variables self-esteem and (β =0/42), satisfaction with life (β = 0/21) and hope (β =0/52). The proportion of self-esteem variable (0/42) was more. there was no difference Between self- esteem, hope and mental health, but between life satisfaction boys scores were more than girls. Conclusion: This study showed that, in general, students with good mental health, and results showed that with increasing self-esteem, hope and life satisfaction of students can improve their mental health. Paper Type: Research Article.
Operating Risk and Accounting Conservatism: An Empirical Study

This paper empirically tests the relation between a firm’s degree of accounting conservatism and its level of operating risk. This paper constitutes the first empirical study in the accounting literature to test the risk signaling theory of accounting conservatism which is recently proposed by Wang, O hOgartaigh and van Zijl (2010), who argue that a firm optimally selects a degree of accounting conservatism in order to signal its own operating risk to the capital market. Consistent with the signaling theory, this paper reports empirical evidence that US firms with a lower level of operating risk are more likely to adopt a higher level of accounting conservatism than are firms with a higher level of operating risk. This finding indicates that a signaling separating equilibrium indeed exists in the capital market, where firms use accounting conservatism as a signaling device. The findings of this paper highlights the important economic role that accounting conservatism plays in reducing the capital market’s information asymmetry with regard to the firm’s operating risk. JEL: G14, M40, M41.