Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3-D coupled electromagnetic-fluid-thermal analysis of epoxy impregnated paper converter transformer bushings

The temperature distribution is vital to the lifetime and reliability of converter transformer bushings. However, the temperature distribution of epoxy impregnated paper converter bushings under a certain current has usually been calculated through the two dimensional model, without considering the heat convection and radiation effects. In this paper, using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element method (FEM) analysis, a 3-D electromagnetic-fluid-thermal analysis method has been proposed. With the considering of heat conduction, heat convection and radiation, the temperature distribution of the converter transformer bushing has been simulated according to the actual operating environment. The temperature and velocity distribution of the converter transformer bushing has been obtained. Moreover, the simulation results have been compared with the experimental results to verify the accuracy of the simulation method. The simulation results, especially for the inner conductor, external conductor and the epoxy impregnated paper, are very close to the experimental results and the maximum temperature difference percentage is within 10 %, which indicates the accuracy and effectiveness of the electromagnetic-fluid-thermal analysis method proposed.
The role of elastic and inelastic electron reflection in multipactor discharges

In this brief, it is demonstrated that the inclusion of primary electron elastic and inelastic reflection from the surfaces of vacuum RF electronic systems can result in a multipactor discharge where under current techniques multipactor is predicted not to occur. Electron reflection effectively broadens the phase range over which multipactor can occur, as the increased energy available to reflected electrons allows electrons to travel further through retarding fields and electrons can via reflection "bounce" along the surface until the phase of the RF changes to a favorable range. Multipactor at these neo-band points is dependent upon reflected electrons to increase the phase range over which electron multiplication occurs.
Chemokine-Directed Trafficking of Receptor Stimulus to Different G Proteins: Selective Inducible and Constitutive Signaling by Human Herpesvirus 6-Encoded Chemokine Receptor U51

The human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6)-encoded chemokine receptor U51 constitutively activates phospholipase C (PLC) and inhibits cAMP-responsive element (CRE)-mediated gene transcription via the activation of Gq/11 proteins. Yet, chemokines known to bind U51 differentially regulate U51 coupling to G proteins. CCL5/RANTES induced pertussis toxin (PTX)-insensitive increases in PLC activity and changes in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), whereas both CCL2/MCP-1 and CCL11/eotaxin failed to stimulate PLC activity or increase [Ca2+]i. In contrast, all three chemokines counteracted the effects of U51 on CRE activity via the activation of PTX-sensitive Gi/o proteins. For each of the tested chemokines, coexpression of U51 with a variety of Gα subunits, however, revealed a distinct profile for preferred G-protein coupling, which could be shifted by modulation of the relative expression of G proteins. These findings are consistent with a chemokine-selective trafficking of receptor stimulus to distinct G proteins and suggest that the constitutive activity of U51 and the chemokine-induced signaling involve different active states of the receptor. By virtue of its ability to constitutively activate signaling pathways, its G-protein promiscuity, and the chemokine-directed trafficking of receptor stimulus, U51 can be considered a sensitive and versatile virally encoded signaling device, potentially of importance in HHV-6-related pathologies.
Racial/ethnic disparities in self-reported pediatric orthodontic visits in the United States.

OBJECTIVE Studies in orthodontics have focused primarily on clinical care and techniques. Little, however, has been reported from epidemiological studies using national data on orthodontic dental visits as a measure of orthodontic service utilization and access to care in minority populations. We examined the effect of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic factors on pediatric orthodontic visits in the United States. METHODS We analyzed data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1996-2004. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were performed, with self-reported orthodontic visits in a given year as the main outcome variable. RESULTS The prevalence of an orthodontic visit among children ages 9 to 18 years remained relatively constant (ranged between 14.3 percent and 16.8 percent) from 1996 to 2004. Multiple regression analyses revealed significantly lower odds of an orthodontic visit for Black and Hispanic children in comparison with White children. Males, children from low-income families, children eligible for Medicaid, and children with other public or no insurance were generally less likely to have made an orthodontic visit. CONCLUSION Substantial racial/ethnic disparities in self-reported orthodontic visits exist for Black and Hispanic children even after adjusting for possible covariates. Children from lower-income families and those without private health insurance were less likely to report an orthodontic visit in the United States.
Retroperitoneoscopic versus open surgical radical nephrectomy for 152 Chinese patients with large renal cell carcinoma in clinical stage cT2 or cT3a: A long-term retrospective comparison.

INTRODUCTION To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and long-term efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for Chinese patients with a mean body mass index (BMI) of ≤24 and large renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A long-term retrospective analysis of clinical data of 152 Chinese patients with a mean BMI of ≤24 and large RCC. Totally, 84 patients who underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (RPNx) for tumor size >7 cm (group 1) were compared with 68 patients, who underwent open radical nephrectomy (group 2) for tumor with similar size characteristics. Moreover, their 10 years outcomes (or the number of patients) were divided into segments (e.g., the first 5 and last 5 years, the first 30 and last 30 patients, etc.) looking for the differences of learning curve. RESULTS RPNx patients experienced significantly shorter hospital stay, less blood loss, and had a decreased analgesic requirement and more rapid convalescence. The incidence of intra- and post-operative complications was 6% and 13%, 7.2% and 16.1% in the two groups, respectively. The 5-year survival rates of the two groups were 86% and 82%, respectively. CONCLUSION Retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for patients with a mean BMI of ≤24 and large RCC is safe, feasible, and the efficacious procedure produced good long-term results.
The Influence of Social, Religious, Institutional, and Cultural Factors on Postsecondary Education Transition of Arab American and Muslim Students in Northern New Jersey

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT. iv DEDICATION . vi TABLE OF CONTENTS . vii LIST OF TABLES . x LIST OF FIGURES . xi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION . 1 Background of the Study . 6 Statement of the Problem . 9 Purpose of the Study . 15 Research Questions . 17 Theoretical Framework . 18 Research Design and Methodology . 23 Significance of the Study . 27 Limitations of the Study.31 Definition of Terms.32 Summary . 35 Organization of the Study . 36 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE . 38 Overview of Islam and Arabs/Muslims . 40 Religion of Islam.41 Migration.44 Arab American and Muslim Population . 46 Historical Perspective of Postsecondary Education . 50 Diversity in Education . 54 Academic Preparation . 65 Family Structure.66 School Academics and Preparation . 71 Arab American and Muslim Students and Stereotyping.72 Stereotyping of Arab Americans and Muslims . 72 Stereotyping in Textbooks . 78 Media Stereotyping . 79 Stereotyping on Campuses . 84 The Invisible Community . 86 Islamophobia . 89 Community under Active Surveillance . 92 Educational Discrimination and Arab Americans and Muslim Students . 97 Chapter Summary . 107 VIII CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY . 109 Research Design.112 Sample Population . 116 Instrumentation . 118 Instrument Questions . 121 Data Collection . 124 Data Analysis . 126 Description of the Participants . 129 Validity and Reliability . 132 Role of the Researcher . 134 Participants . 137 Summary . 138 CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION OF THE FINDINGS . 140 Research Questions . 144 Results of the Study . 144 Demographic Questionnaire . 145 Participants’ Interviews . 146 Research Question 1 . 147 Category 1. Religious Beliefs and Practices . 147 Category 2. Social Factors . 163 Category 3. Cultural Characteristics . 186 Research Question 2 . 216 Category 4. Institutional Factors . 216 Research Question 3 . 233 Category 5. Support Structures and Barriers Encountered . 234 Summary . 245 CHAPTER V: DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 248 Discussion . 250 Key Findings . 251 Research Question 1 . 253 Category 1. Religious Beliefs and Practices . 254 Religious Practices . 254 Knowledge of the Quran Effect on the Daily Life . 257 Religious Beliefs and College Choice . 259 Category 2. Social Factors . 260 Socioeconomic Status . 260 Gender . 263 Islamophobia and Images of Arabs and Muslims . 264 Category 3. Cultural Characteristics . 268 Family and Cultural Values . 268 The American Lifestyle . 271
Valuation and Conservatism

Residual income models provide an important theoretical link between equity valuation and financial statement variables. While various researchers have developed models of how accounting policy impacts on the structure of these models, empirical support for these models is at best weak and frequently contradictory. In this paper, we develop a general model, which identifies the dependency between valuation parameters in residual income models and the associated structure of earnings information dynamics and accounting conservatism. We test these models by relating the parameters of residual income models to two measures of conservatism, the conventional measure of price-to-book ratio and the recent measure of a C-Score index developed by Khan and Watts (2009) and find that the empirical results accord well with our theoretical predictions.
Innovation and Strategic Divergence: An Empirical Study of the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry from 1920 to 1960

Today, firms employing two distinct survival strategies--(1) innovation and (2) imitation --coexist in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry. History indicates that this intraindustry heterogeneity did not exist prior to 1940. This study empirically investigates the origin of this strategic divergence by focusing on changes in firms' R&D inputs and outputs. It finds that some U.S. pharmaceutical firms responded to the opportunity presented by the discovery of antibiotics in the 1940s by investing more in R&D, while many others did not. Over time, the innovators dominated in developing new drugs, and the gap between innovators and imitators steadily increased. These findings also shed light on "the genesis of strategic groups," a phenomenon that is not yet well understood.
Effects of a hospitalist model on elderly patients with hip fracture.

BACKGROUND Hospitalists' increased role in perioperative medicine allows for examination of their effects on surgical patients. This study examined the effects of a hospitalist service created to medically manage elderly patients with hip fracture. METHODS During a 2-year historical cohort study of 466 patients 65 years or older admitted for surgical repair of hip fracture, we examined outcomes 1 year prior to and subsequent to the change from the standard to the hospitalist model. RESULTS The mean (SD) time to surgery (38 [47] vs 25 [53] hours; P<.001), time from surgery to dismissal (9 [8] vs 7 [5] days; P = .04), and length of stay (10.6 [9] vs 8.4 [6] days; P<.001) were shorter in the hospitalist group. Predictors of shorter time to surgery were care by the hospitalist group (P = .002), older age (P = .01), and fall as the mechanism of fracture (P<.001), while American Society of Anesthesia scores of 3 and 4 were associated with increased time to surgery (P<.001). Receiving care by the hospitalist group (P<.001) and diagnosis of delirium (P<.001) were associated with increased chance of earlier dismissal, while admission to the intensive care unit decreased this chance (P<.001). Diagnosis of delirium was more frequent in the hospitalist group (74 [32.2%] of 230 vs 42 [17.8%] of 236; P<.001). There were no differences in inpatient deaths or 30-day readmission rates. CONCLUSION In elderly patients with hip fracture, a hospitalist model decreased time to surgery, time from surgery to dismissal, and length of stay without adversely affecting inpatient deaths or 30-day readmission rates.
Long-term recordings of local field potentials from implanted deep brain stimulation electrodes.

BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus is an effective treatment for Parkinson disease. However, DBS is not responsive to an individual's disease state, and programming parameters, once established, do not change to reflect disease state. Local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from DBS electrodes are being investigated as potential biomarkers for the Parkinson disease state. However, no patient data exist about what happens to LFPs over the lifetime of the implant. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether LFP amplitude and response to limb movement differed between patients implanted acutely with subthalamic nucleus DBS electrodes and patients implanted 2 to 7 years previously. METHODS We recorded LFPs at DBS surgery time (9 subjects), 3 weeks after initial placement (9 subjects), and 2 to 7 years (median: 3.5) later during implanted programmable generator replacement (11 sides). LFP power-frequency spectra for each of 3 bipolar electrode derivations of adjacent contacts were calculated over 5-minute resting and 30-second movement epochs. Monopolar impedance data were used to evaluate trends over time. RESULTS There was no significant difference in β-band LFP amplitude between initial electrode implantation (OR) and 3-week post-OR times (P=.94). However, β-band amplitude was lower at implanted programmable generator replacement times than in OR (P=.008) and post-OR recordings (P=.039). Impedance measurements declined over time (P<.001). CONCLUSION Postoperative LFP activity can be recorded years after DBS implantation and demonstrates a similar profile in response to movement as during acute recordings, although amplitude may decrease. These results support the feasibility of constructing a closed-loop, patient-responsive DBS device based on LFP activity.
unDerstAnDinG tHe GrowtH in invALiD's beneFit reCeiPt in new ZeALAnD

This paper reports on research that uses the Ministry of Social Development's benefit administration data to advance our understanding of the growth in the number of people receiving the Invalid's Benefit over the decade to 2002. It investigates the growth in inflows of people to Invalid's Benefit, as this was the main cause of growth in recipient numbers. Some of the growth in inflows can be explained by population growth, population ageing, and the effects of the rise in the age of eligibility for New Zealand Superannuation. However, more than half cannot be accounted for by these factors and is explained instead by an increase in the proportion of people aged 15-59 taking up Invalid's Benefit. This increase was explained both by growth in transfers from other benefits, and by growth in entries from outside the benefit system, some of which was associated with growth in uptake by former benefit recipients returning after a period off benefit. Possible explanations for these shifts, many of which warrant further investigation, are canvassed.
Investigation of the Anxiolytic Effects of Naringenin, a Component of Mentha Aquatica, in the Male Sprague-Dawley Rat

This was a prospective, randomized, between-subjects experimental study to investigate the anxiolytic effects of naringenin, a component of mentha aquatica, and its potential interaction with the benzodiazepine binding site on the &ggr;-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor in the rat. Fifty-five rats were assigned to one of 5 groups with 11 rats per group: control, naringenin, midazolam, midazolam with naringenin, and flumazenil with naringenin. The elevated plus maze measured the behavioral components of anxiety and motor movements. Our data suggest that naringenin does not produce anxiolysis by modulation of the GABAA receptor; however, the findings indicate that naringenin decreases motor movements (P < .05).
Using Permutation Entropy to Measure the Electroencephalographic Effects of Sevoflurane

Background:Approximate entropy (AE) has been proposed as a measure of anesthetic drug effect in electroencephalographic data. Recently, a new method called permutation entropy (PE) based on symbolic dynamics was also proposed to measure the complexity in an electroencephalographic series. In this study, the AE and PE were applied to electroencephalographic recordings for revealing the effect of sevoflurane on brain activity. The dose–response relation of PE during sevoflurane anesthesia was compared with that of AE. Methods:Nineteen patients' electroencephalographic data were collected during the induction of general anesthesia with sevoflurane. PE and AE were applied to the electroencephalographic recordings, and the performance of both measures was assessed by pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling and prediction probability. To ensure an accurate complexity measure of electroencephalographic recordings, a wavelet-based preprocessor was built in advance. Results:Both PE and AE could distinguish between the awake and anesthetized states and were highly correlated to each other (r = 0.8, P = 0.004). The pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model adequately described the dose–response relation between PE and AE and sevoflurane effect site concentration. The coefficient R2 between PE and effect site concentration was 0.89 ± 0.07 for all patients, compared with 0.60 ± 0.14 for AE. Prediction probabilities of 0.86 ± 0.04 and 0.79 ± 0.09 for PE and AE showed that PE has a stronger ability to differentiate between the awake and anesthetic states. Conclusion:The results show that PE can estimate the sevoflurane drug effect more effectively than AE. This method could be applied to design a new electroencephalographic monitoring system to estimate sevoflurane anesthetic drug effect.
Rectifiers with near sinusoidal input currents - MATLAB/Simulink model case studies

The concept of the rectifiers with near sinusoidal input currents (RNSIC) has caught increasing attention, different topologies been designed and analyzed. Even though the OrCAD/PSpice simulation package has proved its merits in the design and study of this type of converters, in order to analyze their integration in complex power electronic systems (such as: wind generator systems, photovoltaic power systems, electric drives), the most powerful simulation tool has proved to be MATLAB/Simulink. The present paper proposes a MATLAB/SimulinK simulation model for RNSIC converters, compares the simulation results with reported OrCAD/PSpice simulation and experimental results and analyzes a complex drive system which includes RNSIC-1 converter.
Reconstruction of the rose of directions from a digital microhologram of fibres

Digital holography makes it possible to acquire quickly the interference patterns of objects spread in a volume. The digital processing of the fringes is still too slow to achieve on line analysis of the holograms. We describe a new approach to obtain information on the direction of illuminated objects. The key idea is to avoid reconstruction of the volume followed by classical three‐dimensional image processing. The hologram is processed using a global analysis based on autocorrelation. A fundamental property of diffraction patterns leads to an estimate of the mean geometric covariogram of the objects projections. The rose of directions is connected with the mean geometric covariogram through an inverse problem. In the general case, only the two‐dimensional rose of the object projections can be reconstructed. The further assumption of unique‐size objects gives access with the knowledge of this size to the three‐dimensional direction information. An iterative scheme is suggested to reconstruct the three‐dimensional rose in this special case. Results are provided on holograms of paper fibres.
Pulsed X-Ray and Continuous Gamma Radiation Effects on Erbium Doped Optical Fibers Properties

The radiation responses of two erbium doped fibers are studied in harsh pulsed X-ray and gamma ray environments. Their transient and continuous responses were measured in the near-infrared spectral range. The online transmission measurements of radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) show no detectable change in the 1450-1600 nm erbium-ions-absorption domain, whereas the background losses from the silica-based host matrix are strongly increased by the creation of point defects. For both harsh environments, the rare-earth doped samples exhibit higher RIA levels compared than standard passive optical fibers. From all our measurements, we proposed that the main contribution to the induced losses is due to the radiation-induced changes of the host matrix rather than changes related to erbium ions. Photo-luminescence analyses confirm the generation of NBOHC in erbium doped fibers and suggest the existence of energy transfer between the radiation-induced point defects and the Er3+ ions.
The Usage of Schoology and Canvas as Media Based Blended Learning

Lecturers are no longer occupying the single position in conveying knowledge to the digital natives. Hence, they have to adapt the effect of the fourth industrial revolution in the teaching learning process through hybrid learning which combine the face-to-face classroom to the online or offline technology. Thus, th is study aims at measuring the students’ learning achievement in studying use kinds of media based blended learning at University of Riau Kepulauan, Batam Indonesia. It was a quasi-experimental method with nonequivalent control group design. The population was all of the sixth semester students with purposive sampling technique. The instrument was in the form of written test which have been validated and reliable previously. The data were measured statistically use T-test. The result exposed that pre-test and post-test marks of the two groups revealed a notable enhancement. It recommends to instructors, or curriculum designer in applying such media based vitual learning to encourage learners’ accomplishment.
Czech OFDI

In this paper, the trends and the geographic and sectoral structure of Czech outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) are analyzed. OFDI flows out of the Czech Republic accelerated in 2009 and 2010, and OFDI stock reached EUR 11 billion. The sectoral breakdown of OFDI broadened to include energy and services, in addition to manufacturing and sales activities. Geographically, domestic investors maintained their traditional link with neighboring Slovakia and invested in countries with a favorable business environment, but they also focused on countries with a large market potential. To date, the largest OFDI has been the investment of Zentiva in 2007 in the Turkish pharmaceutical company Eczacibaşi Generic Pharmaceuticals. Zentiva paid about EUR 460 million for 75 percent of the shares of the Turkish company. The second-largest investment in the history of Czech OFDI was made by Czech energy company CEZ, which invested about EUR 270 million in two Polish power stations. These cases are described in more detail in the second part of the paper, along with the OFDI of Škoda Auto car factory, the most important manufacturing firm in the Czech Republic.