Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Molybdenum, Nickel, and Nitrogen Sources on the Mineral Nutrition and Growth of Rice Plants

Upland rice plants, cultivar ‘IAC 202,’ were grown in nutrient solution until full tillering. Treatments consisted of ammonium nitrate (AN) or urea (UR) as nitrogen (N) source plus molybdenum (Mo) and/or nickel (Ni): AN + Mo + Ni, AN + Mo − Ni, AN − Mo + Ni, UR + Mo + Ni, UR + Mo − Ni, and UR − Mo + Ni. The experiment was carried out to better understand the effect of these treatments on dry‐matter yield, chlorophyll, net photosynthesis rate, nitrate (NO3 −‐N), total N, in vitro activities of urease and nitrate reductase (NR), and Mo and Ni concentrations. In UR‐grown plants, Mo and Ni addition increased yield of dry matter. Regardless of the N source, chlorophyll concentration and net photosynthesis rate were reduced when Mo or Ni were omitted, although not always significantly. The omission of either Mo or Ni led to a decrease in urease activity, independent of N source. Nitrate reductase activity increased in nutrient solutions without Mo, although NO3 −‐N increased. There was not a consistent variation in total N concentration. Molybdenum and Ni concentration in roots and shoots were influenced by their supply in the nutrient solution. Molybdenum concentration was not influenced by N sources, whereas Ni content in both root and shoots was greater in ammonium nitrate–grown plants. In conclusion, it can be hypothesized that there is a relationship between Mo and Ni acting on photosynthesis, although is an indirect one. This is the first evidence for a beneficial effect of Mo and Ni interaction on plant growth.
Workaholism Among Medical Residents: It Is the Combination of Working Excessively and Compulsively That Counts

Workaholism is defined as an irresistible inner drive to work excessively. Accordingly, it is assessed with a questionnaire that measures working excessively (WE) and working compulsively (WC), representing the behavioral and cognitive aspects of workaholism, respectively. A cluster-analysis using a nationwide sample of Dutch medical residents (N = 2,115) resulted in 4 groups: (a) workaholics, (b) nonworkaholics, (c) hardworking residents, and (d) compulsive working residents. As predicted, the combination of WE and WC was related to the most unfavorable conditions in terms of resident's job demands (i.e., work overload, work-home conflict, overwork, role conflict, mental demands, emotional demands, and organizational demands), job resources (i.e., social support from colleagues, participation in decision making, feedback, supervisory coaching, and opportunities to learn), well-being (i.e., burnout, happiness, recovery), and organizational behavior (i.e., "presenteeism," and medical performance). Taken together, our results confirm the suitability of conceptualizing workaholism as an inner drive to work excessively hard.
Homogenization and corrector for the wave equation in domains with small holes

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Analysis of the Nature of Economic Growth of Slovenian Economy

The aim of this article is to outline the economic growth for the Slovenian economy between 1992--2001. Our major interest is the nature of the past growth. Was it intensive or extensive? On the basis of four groups of different arguments we were expecting that there would be a predominantly extensive economic growth. In order to answer this question we developed an empirical study, which follows the conventional neo-classical growth accounting framework. First we estimated three mathematical specifications of aggregate production functions. The analysis was than conducted through an econometric analysis of these estimates. Using these results we developed the growth accounting equation, which allowed us to compute the contributions of each particular input (physical capital, human capital and technical progress) to output growth. On base of our received empirical results we are able to state, that the past economic growth of the Slovenian economy was significantly extensive.
Shrubsteppe Bird Response to Habitat and Landscape Variables in Eastern Washington, U.S.A.

Abstract: The landscape of the intermountain west has changed dramatically in the last 150 years, particularly in the state of Washington, where over half the native shrubsteppe ecosystem has been converted to agricultural lands, resulting in a fragmented landscape with few extensive tracts of shrubsteppe. We examined the historical and current distribution of shrubsteppe on different soil types in eastern Washington, and we censused bird communities at 78 sites in shrubsteppe from 1991 to 1993. We compared abundance of species among soil types and range conditions and developed models of species occurrence using site‐specific vegetation and landscape variables. The pattern of shrubsteppe conversion has resulted in a disproportionate loss of deep soil communities. Eight bird species showed strong relationships with soil type and three with range condition. These associations likely resulted from the influence of soil type and range history on the vegetation of these communities. Brewer's Sparrows ( Spizella breweri) and Sage Sparrows (Amphispiza belli) reached their highest abundances in deep, loamy soils, whereas Loggerhead Shrikes ( Lanius ludovicianus) were most abundant in deep, sandy soils. Sage Sparrows occurred more frequently in landscapes dominated by shrubsteppe, indicating a negative relationship with fragmentation. Our results suggest that fragmentation of shrubsteppe and the pattern of agricultural conversion among soil types have had detrimental effects on numerous shrubsteppe species. The landscape for species with an affinity for deep, loamy soil communities has changed considerably more than the overall loss of shrubsteppe would indicate. Conservation practices that emphasize retention of shrubsteppe communities on deep soils and that reduce further fragmentation will be critical to the maintenance of avian biological diversity in this system.
￼LEARNERS’ PERSPECTIVES OF ￼FACTORS INFLUENCING GAINS IN ￼STANDARDIZED ENGLISH TEST SCORES

There has been an increased level of attention devoted to the consequences of test use in recent years; however, the majority of washback studies focused on teaching. In fact, little research has addressed learners’ perspectives to analyze possible determinants of test results. To address this issue, this study first compared the pre-and-post standardized English tests of two groups of Taiwanese university students, and six students from each of the groups were interviewed at a later date to investigate the possible factors that may influence their score gains. A control group of 140 Taiwanese university students at a school without any English proficiency certificate exit requirement was compared to a contrast group of 136 similar students at a school that required the students to pass an English certification test in order to graduate. The major finding indicates that the amount of time spent on language learning plays an essential role in determining the degree to which student scores improve. This study subsequently offers pedagogical implications for the instruction of English at institutes of tertiary education.
A NEW WORKING POINT FOR THE KEKB

In order to improve the beam-beam performance and to increase the luminosity of the KEKB [1,2], a new working point with a tune above the half integer in both planes has been proposed. The strong-strong beam-beam simulations with a code developed by K. Ohmi [3] are used for the luminosity scan. In this paper, we discuss the simulation results in the new tune space region, and suggest a new working point as a candidate for the operation of the KEKB machine.
A Novel type of antioxidant isolated from leaf wax of eucalyptus leaves

As a search for natural antioxidants from plant materials, strong antioxidative activity was observed in leaf waxes extracted from Eucalyptus species. A novel type of antioxidant was isolated from the leaf wax of Eucalyptus globulus and identified as n-tritriacontan-16,18-dione. Antioxidative activities were determined by different methods; a thiocyanate method, a thiobarbituric acid method, a total carbonyl value method and a weighing test. The anti-oxidant showed remarkable antioxidative activity in a water/alcohol system and was more effective than α-tocopherol and BHA; however, it has no antioxidative activity in an oil system.
Does Banning Affirmative Action Lower College Student Quality

Banning affirmative action from college admissions cannot prevent an admissions office that cares about diversity from achieving it in ways other than explicitly considering race. We model college admissions where candidates from two groups with different average qualiÞcations compete for a Þxed number of seats. Under affirmative action, an admissions office that cares both about quality and diversity admits the best-qualiÞed candidates from each group. Under a ban, it may promote diversity by partially ignoring candidates’ qualiÞcations and therefore not admitting the best-qualiÞed candidates from either group. A ban always reduces diversity and may also lower quality. (JEL J71 ,J 15, I28)
The Great Crash, The Oil Price Shock And The Unit Root Hypothesis

The unit root hypothesis is examined allowing a possible one-time change in the level or in the slope of the trend function. When fluctuations are stationary around a breaking trend function, standard tests cannot reject the unit root, even asymptotically. Consistent tests are derived and applied to the Nelson-Plosser data set (allowing a change in level for the 1929 crash) and to the postwar quarterly real GNP series (allowing a change in slope after 1973). The unit root hypothesis is rejected at a high confidence level for most series. Fluctuations are stationary. The only persistent "shocks" are the 1929 crash and the 1973 oil price shock. Copyright 1989 by The Econometric Society.
Investigation of the Effects of Strips Thickness and Grain Size on AC Magnetic Barkhausen Noise of Grain-oriented Electrical Steel

The influence of sample thickness and grain size of Conventional Grain-Oriented (CGO) and High Permeability Grain-oriented (HGO) steels on Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) of Epstein strips has been examined. It might be expected that MBN decreases with increasing sample thickness due to eddy current damping but the measurements show that the average domain width, hence the grain size influences MBN in strips less than 0.35 mm thick. From 0.35 mm and above, both strip thickness and domain width influence MBN in CGO and HGO.
Production of Ligninolytic Enzymes by White-Rot Fungus Datronia sp. KAPI0039 and Their Application for Reactive Dye Removal

This study focused on decolorization of 2 reactive dyes; Reactive Blue 19 (RBBR) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5), by selected white-rot fungus Datronia sp. KAPI0039. The effects of reactive dye concentration, fungal inoculum size as well as pH were studied. Samples were periodically collected for the measurement of color unit, Laccase (Lac), Manganese Peroxidase (MnP), and Lignin Peroxidase (LiP) activity. Eighty-six percent of 1,000 RBBR decolorization was achieved by 2% (w/v) Datronia sp. KAPI0039 at pH 5. The highest Lac activity (759.81 ) was detected in the optimal condition. For RB5, Datronia sp. KAPI0039 efficiently performed (88.01% decolorization) at 2% (w/v) fungal inoculum size for the reduction of 600 RB5 under pH 5. The highest Lac activity (178.57 ) was detected, whereas the activity of MnP and LiP was absent during this hour. The result, therefore, indicated that Datronia sp. KAPI0039 was obviously able to breakdown both reactive dyes, and Lac was considered as a major lignin-degradation enzyme in this reaction.
Towards a successful customer relationship management: A conceptual framework

As the world economy becomes globalized, competition has intensified and the differences in products have faded. Consequently, businesses have become fixated on customer relationship management (CRM) as it has become a central orienting point in academia and business environment with organizations increasingly focusing on managing customer relationships as a strategic capability to achieve market leadership and profits. In spite of the commercial significance of the concept, CRM has been demonized by critics as a marketing or managerial fad destined to failure. The purpose of this article is to examine ways to improve the success and effectiveness of CRM through the conceptualization of a framework known as CRM pyramid and to stimulate debate and research on how to improve the success of the concept as its potency to engage customers and improve business performance has not been in doubt. Key words: Customer relationship management, strategy, capability, customer retention, resources, pyramid.
Carrageenan Content in Three Species of Hypnea ( H. musciformis Wulfen J. V. Lamouroux, H. pannosa J. Agardh and H. valentiae Turner Montagne) of Karachi Coast

Seaweeds are marine algae commonly found in marine environment. The red seaweed (Rhodophyta) is commonly exploited for the production of polysaccharides. Carrageenan is one of the commercial polysaccharide. It is complex of D-galactose 3, 6-anhydro D-galactose and monoesterified sulphuric acid found in cell wall of red seaweeds, used as an emulsifier, a binder. It is also used for suspension and stabilization in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food processing. Hypnea is a red algal genus and well known carrageenan producing marine plant. Therefore three species of Hypnea : H. musciformis, H. pannosa and H. valentiae were collected from the four different coastal areas (Buleji, Hawks Bay, Manora and Paradise Point) of Karachi coast for the extraction of carrageenan in present study. The highest carrageenan extracted from H. valentiae (18-46.93%) as compared with the other two studied species. The high carrageenan concentration was mostly found in winter season. The total biomass 6846.79 g/m 2 of three species of Hypnea was recorded during the study period and the highest biomass was recorded in January and the lowest in August. The highest biomass was obtained from Manora coast as compared to other three coastal areas. There was significant correlation was found in between carrageenan and biomass. From the present investigation it is concluded that studied seaweeds species of Hypnea have good quantity of carrageenan and can be used in industries for the manufacturing and production of carrageenan.
Teachers ’ Ideas about the Degradation of Ecosystems

The aim of this research is to investigate student science teachers’ opinions about the causes of degradation of ecosystems and the effects of such degradations on the environment. This research focuses on the following questions: What kind of descriptions do student science teachers ascribe to the reasons of degradation in ecosystems? What are the effects of ecosystem degradations on the environment? What are the misconceptions in relation to degradations in ecosystems? A total of 130 participating students, who were studying to become science teachers at Faculty of Education of Necmettin Erbakan University in Turkey, participated in this study. To reveal the participating students’ opinions about the reasons for degradations in ecosystems and their effects on the environment, they were asked to answer two open questions: (1) What are the reasons for degradations in ecosystems? (2) What are the effects of degradations in ecosystems on the environment? The participants were asked to answer these two questions. Data obtained from the questions were analyzed and the frequencies of the answers were classified in different categories. Moreover, these included some misconceptions such as ‘the greenhouse effect can lead to skin cancer’ and ‘ozone layer depletion leads to global warming’. The findings are compared with related literature and suggestions are presented.
The moderating effects of switching costs and inertia on the customer satisfaction-retention link: auto liability insurance service in Taiwan

Satisfaction, inertia, and switching costs are important factors affecting customer retention. However, the moderating effects of inertia and switching costs on the satisfaction-retention link in the auto liability insurance context have not been concluded. The purpose of this paper is to extend and verify such a customer retention model. A questionnaire was constructed and data were collected from 686 policyholders of auto liability insurance in Taiwan. Confirmatory factor analysis and regression techniques were then applied to analyze the data. The results indicate that customer satisfaction, inertia, and switching costs have positive effects on customer retention. For the moderating effect, the impact of satisfaction on customer retention decreases under conditions of high inertia and switching costs. Our findings show that the barriers made by switching costs and the behavioral lock-in effect produced by inertia create a pull-back effect, which prevents customers from switching to another insurance provider even in the face of dissatisfaction with the quality of service by the existing provider. Furthermore, the key findings specify that switching costs strengthen the moderating effect of inertia on the satisfaction-retention link and cause dissatisfied customers to retain their existing transaction relationships.
THE DISCRIMINATING CAPACITY OF SSR, RAPD AND AFLP MARKERS AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS IN ESTABLISHING GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN OLIVE (Olea europaea L.)

RAPDs, AFLPs and SSRs were compared in terms of their informativeness and efficiency in a study of genetic diversity and relationships among eleven olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) cultivated in Siwa oasis. SSRs presented a higher level of polymorphism and greater information content, as assessed by the expected heterozygosity, than AFLPs and RAPDs. The lowest values of expected heterozygosity were obtained for AFLPs, which nevertheless were the most efficient marker system due to their capacity to reveal the highest number of bands per reaction and because of the high values achieved for a considerable number of indexes. All three techniques discriminated the genotypes effectively, but SSRs were able to discriminate the cultivars Chemlali, Wetagen, Picual and Kalamata. For all markers, a similarity in dendrogram topologies was obtained although some differences were observed. Both, RAPDs and AFLPs, were efficient in detecting genetic similarities in olive, while the codominant nature of SSRs will make it the marker of choice for segregation studies and genome mapping in olive. A better understanding of the effectiveness of the different molecular markers is considered a priority step toward olive germplasm characterisation and classification, and a prerequisite for more effective breeding programs.
An Experimental Study on Performance and Emissions of a Direct Ignition Diesel Engine With Crude Pongamia, Pongamia Methyl Ester and Diethyl Ether Blended With Diesel

In the last few decades biodiesel has proved to be the best alternative for the conventional diesel in many applications. Due to ever increasing demand of the mankind, the fossil fuels are depleted so much that in the near future oil scarcity is inevitable. The environmental impact that is caused by conventional diesel can be greatly reduced by using biodiesel. The present study experimentally investigates the usage of preheated crude pongamia oil (CPOP), pongamia methyl ester (PME) and diethyl ether (DEE) biodiesel blends on an unmodified diesel engine running on its full throttle. Preheating crude pongamia oil reduces its viscosity to a great extent, which is always an issue with biodiesel fuels. In the present study the performance and emission parameters are evaluated for DBD 1 (CPOP 60% and D 40%), DBD 2 (PME 60% and D 40%) and DBD 3 (CPO 60%, DEE 15% and D 25%). The experimental data obtained for performance and emission parameters for biodiesel fuels are checked in par with mineral diesel. For all the biodiesel blends, the trend for BTE is found increasing whereas BSFC followed a decreasing trend at all operated loads. Particulate emissions except HC and NOx are lesser in biodiesel blends than diesel due to the presence of dissolved oxygen. Also, the addition of diethyl ether to crude pongamia has significant impact on performance improvement and reduced emissions when compared to other blends. From this experimental study it is concluded that pongamia oil because of its rich availability in India can be the best fuel for blending with diesel and using for small and medium scale energy producing vehicles.
CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF FOOD COMMODITIES IN AN AREA OF MYMENSINGH

This study is an attempt to generate some micro level information in respect of pattern of consumption of selected food items and the related food consumption parameters. The results showed that rural consumers consumed more rice and non-food items. Per capita consumption of food in general increased substantially with rise in per capita income. The difference between the poor and the rich in terms of nutrition intake was wider in urban than in rural area. The findings also revealed that the quantities consumed or expenditure on food-rain, potato and pulses did not increase much with rising income in both the areas. On the other hand. chances in income were found to have more impact on consumption of other commodities.
Are Islamic Investment Certificates Special? Evidence on the Post-Announcement Performance of Sukuk Issues

The last decade has witnessed rapid expansion of Islamic financial instruments, notably with the proliferation of Islamic investment certificates called Sukuk. Sukuk generally represent the Islamic financial instrument equivalent to conventional bonds. We evaluate the economic differences between these financing techniques and appraise the implications on the future expansion of Sukuk. We use a market-based approach to investigate whether investors react differently to the announcements of issues of Sukuk and conventional bonds. We find that the stock market is neutral to the announcement of conventional bonds, but we observe a significant negative stock market reaction to the announcement of Sukuk. We explain this different stock market reaction using the adverse selection mechanism, which favors Sukuk issuance by lower-quality debtor companies. Unlike arguments presented in prior literature, our results support the view that differences exist between Sukuk and conventional bonds because the market is able to distinguish among these securities.
Cognitive deficits in Parkinson’s disease: current perspectives

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Some Generalized Fixed Point Theorems of Contraction Type Mappings in Quasi Metric Spaces

This paper adjusts conditions on new defined given the name {a, d, c; r} ctype of contraction mappings on complete quasi metric space, confirms that there is only one fixed of any of these mappings with these adjustments, extends and generalizes results given in some previous research papers, and then builds a convergence theorem for a sequence of fixed points of {Sn}n∈N;{wn*}n∈N to the unique fixed of S; w, provided that limn→∞ Sn(w) = S(w).