Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning Without Lectures: A Case Study

During a 1995-1996 sabbatical, the authors' long-standing concern about discrepancies between their teaching philosophies and classroom practices reached a crisis. As a result, they decided to offer the fall 1996 Introduction to Psychology course on the World Wide Web. There were several issues to think about. First, the authors saw the potential for a huge impact, since 80 to 85 percent of North Dakota State University students enrol in Psych110, most within their first two years. Second, they decided to design the course so that it could be offered for off-campus distance learning as well as on-campus resident instruction. Third, they decided to minimize overhead for students by using only a Web browser, e-mail, a textbook, and the textbook publisher's demonstration/simulation software. Fourth, they chose to base decisions about course components on published literature covering cognition and teaching. Finally, they built in mid term and final student course evaluation components and a field experiment comparing student attitudes and learning outcome for online versus lecture classes.
Sudden Death in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence

and the latter will be of particular interest to paediatric neurologists. There are, of course, comprehensive chapters on psychiatric aspects of somatic disease and on psychological aspects of chronic physical illness, a new chapter on psychological reactions to life threatening and terminal illnesses and bereavement. Overall the book remains a major achievement. It is rigorously and carefully edited. It is a must for every paediatric unit. Practising paediatricians will find it an essential source in gaining in-depth knowledge on the psychiatric perspective of many of the psychopathological aspects of paediatric practice. M E GARRALDA Professor of child and adolescent psychiatry
Epidemiology and Profile of Pediatric Burns in a Large Referral Center

Background: Burns are a preventable cause of pediatric injury with over 100 000 annual hospitalizations. The authors hypothesize that analysis of injury patterns can generate age-specific and injury-specific prevention strategies to reduce these injuries. Methods: Data from the burn registry were collected over a 9-year period. Cross-tabulations were employed to examine associations. An analysis of variance model was used to examine differences in injury pattern. Results: Burns in children less than 1 year accounted for 16% of all admissions. The most common mechanism of injury was scalds (48.4%). Electrical and chemical burns occurred more often in older children. Suspected abuse (N = 142) accounted for 6.7% of all admissions. House fire injuries (N = 94) had a higher mean total burn surface area (18.2%). Smoke detectors were present in two thirds of the cases. Conclusions: These predictors can form the basis for targeted public health initiatives with a potential reduction in the number of burn injuries.
Newborn Infant With Prolonged Jaundice

This is a newborn Hispanic boy born at 38 weeks and 5 days via vaginal delivery to a 25-year-old gravida 4, para 2, abortus 1 woman who received appropriate prenatal care. The pregnancy was complicated only by dietcontrolled gestational diabetes mellitus. The Apgar score were 9 at 1 and 5 minutes. The infant’s birth weight was at the 86th percentile, length was at the 78th percentile, and head circumference was at the 55th percentile. An initial assessment showed a large for gestational age infant with an otherwise normal physical examination. The maternal ABO Rh type was O+, and the infant was B+ with a negative direct Coombs test. The family history was remarkable for 2 older halfbrothers (each with a different father) who also developed jaundice during the newborn period. One had a total bilirubin as high as 21 mg/dL which resolved after 1 week of phototherapy. The other brother’s jaundice resolved after 1 week without any intervention. On the second day of life, the infant was found to have significant jaundice. Initially, the total bilirubin level was 13.8 mg/dL and direct bilirubin was 0.5 mg/dL. The highest total bilirubin level attained during the hospital course was 16.6 mg/dL, and direct bilirubin was 1.0 mg/dL. Originally, the jaundice was attributed to ABO incompatibility and was initially treated with 5 days of phototherapy in the newborn nursery. He was breastfeeding adequately and remained in stable condition during his initial hospital stay. The infant was discharged from the hospital with a total bilirubin of 14.6 mg/dL and a direct bilirubin of 0.7 mg/dL. On a follow-up visit with his primary care physician 3 weeks after discharge, the indirect bilirubin was measured at 25.8 mg/dL and direct bilirubin was 0.7 mg/dL. Because of these values, he was readmitted to the hospital and placed on triple phototherapy for 2 days. Because of this clinical change, molecular testing for abnormalities in bilirubin metabolism was initiated.
Characterization of intrinsically disordered proteins with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: Conformational heterogeneity of α‐synuclein

Conformational heterogeneity of α‐synuclein was studied with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry by analyzing protein ion charge state distributions, where the extent of multiple charging reflects compactness of the protein conformations in solution. Although α‐synuclein lacks a single well‐defined structure under physiological conditions, it was found to sample four distinct conformational states, ranging from a highly structured one to a random coil. The compact highly structured state of α‐synuclein is present across the entire range of conditions tested (pH ranging from 2.5 to 10, alcohol content from 0% to 60%), but is particularly abundant in acidic solutions. The only other protein state populated in acidic solutions is a partially folded intermediate state lacking stable tertiary structure. Another, more compact intermediate state is induced by significant amounts of ethanol used as a co‐solvent and appears to represent a partially folded conformation with high β‐sheet content. Protein dimerization is observed throughout the entire range of conditions tested, although only acidic solutions favor formation of highly structured dimers of α‐synuclein. These dimers are likely to present the earliest stages in protein aggregation leading to globular oligomers and, subsequently, protofibrils. Proteins 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia encountered clinically in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and has been associated with increased morbidity and possibly mortality. Small retrospective studies have shown a preventive effect on AF development with the use of agents interfering with the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Method and Results:We carried out a systematic search of the literature in the English language in order to elucidate the potential mechanism underlying this added beneficial effect of RAS inhibitors in CHF. The concepts of ionic, electrical and structural remodelling of the atrium induced by AF are discussed. Conclusion: Inhibition of RAS could prevent AF development in patients with CHF.
Non-IgE-Mediated Cow Milk Allergy Is Linked to Early Childhood Clusters of Commonly Seen Illnesses

Objective. There are few established diagnostic tools to define non-IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity reactions. Cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a multisystem disorder affecting the gastrointestinal, skin, and lower and upper airway systems. This link is frequently missed because of subspecialty evaluation of the multisystem effects individually. The authors hypothesize that a more global evaluation based on a simple scored questionnaire will reveal this link. Methods. Over an 18-month period, children younger than 2 years with non-IgE-mediated CMPA were identified. A symptom questionnaire was developed and scored and also applied to a control population. The prevalence of symptoms in each group was compared and a cumulative score was determined. Symptoms evaluated included gastrointestinal, aerodigestive, lower airway, and skin symptoms. A positive response was scored 1 and a negative response scored 0. Results. Significant differences in prevalence rates between CMPA and control populations were noted, particularly in aerodigestive symptoms. There were marked differences in cumulative score between populations (P < .001). The authors identified a cut-off score at which there was close to 80% sensitivity and 90% specificity for distinguishing CMPA from a control population. Conclusion. A global evaluation of multiple systems can be an important diagnostic tool in determining CMPA in infants.
Current status of membrane protein structure classification

For over 2 decades, continuous efforts to organize the jungle of available protein structures have been underway. Although a number of discrepancies between different classification approaches for soluble proteins have been reported, the classification of membrane proteins has so far not been comparatively studied because of the limited amount of available structural data. Here, we present an analysis of α‐helical membrane protein classification in the SCOP and CATH databases. In the current set of 63 α‐helical membrane protein chains having between 1 and 13 transmembrane helices, we observed a number of differently classified proteins both regarding their domain and fold assignment. The majority of all discrepancies affect single transmembrane helix, two helix hairpin, and four helix bundle domains, while domains with more than five helices are mostly classified consistently between SCOP and CATH. It thus appears that the structural constraints imposed by the lipid bilayer complicate the classification of membrane proteins with only few membrane‐spanning regions. This problem seems to be specific for membrane proteins as soluble four helix bundles, not restrained by the membrane, are more consistently classified by SCOP and CATH. Our findings indicate that the structural space of small membrane helix bundles is highly continuous such that even minor differences in individual classification procedures may lead to a significantly different classification. Membrane proteins with few helices and limited structural diversity only seem to be reasonably classifiable if the definition of a fold is adapted to include more fine‐grained structural features such as helix–helix interactions and reentrant regions. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of crystalline structure of autogenous tooth bone graft material: X-Ray diffraction analysis

This study evaluated the mineral crystalline structure of an autogenous tooth bone graft material. The crystalline structures o f the autogenous tooth bone graft material enamel (AutoBT E+), dentin (AutoBT D+), xenograft (BioOss), alloplastic material (MBCP), allograft (ICB) an d autogenous mandibular cortical bone were compared using XRD. The XRD pattern of AutoBT dentin and ICB was similar to that of autogenous bo ne.
The strongly connecting problem on multihop packet radio networks

The problem of strongly connecting a multihop packet radio network by using a minimal total amount of transmission power is investigated. This problem is shown to be NP-complete. An approximation algorithm with the same computational complexity as that of finding a minimum spanning tree is given. It is also shown that the approximation algorithm can find a solution no greater than twice that of the optimal solution. Experimental results show that the approximation solution may be close to the optimal solution. >
Knowledge management as a factor for the formulation and implementation of organization strategy

Purpose Knowledge management (KM) and organization strategy are both important to the success of an organization. This study aims to assess the research needs of their interrelationship. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on a collection of over 200 interviews of KM worldwide experts. Their inputs have been categorized based on the frequency of their occurrence. Findings This study looked at the research themes recommended by the experts and concluded that KM is to be regarded as a factor for the formulation and implementation of the organization strategy. Research limitations/implications The sample of scholars and practitioners interviewed, the analysis approach used and the use of broad questions and dimensions are some of the limitations of this study. Nevertheless, a variety of effects KM has on the formulation and implementation of company strategy has emerged. Practical implications Organizations would improve their chances of success in a changing and competitive world by integrating the KM approach, methods and goals within the articulation of their strategy. Originality/value This study is original in variety because of the wide demographic sample supplied, and to its involvement both of KM academic experts as well as of practitioners. Its value is in the recommendations on the research of KM and organization strategy that would be of value, not only to organizations looking for ways to make their strategy more effective but also to those willing to implement KM in a better way.
Inpatient Weight Loss as a Precursor to Bariatric Surgery for Adolescents With Extreme Obesity

Background. As the obesity epidemic takes its toll on patients stricken with the disease and our health care system, debate continues regarding the use of weight loss surgery and its long-term consequences, especially for adolescents. One subset of patients regarding whom there is increased controversy is adolescents with extreme obesity (BMI > 60 kg/m2) because the risk of complications in this weight category is higher than for others undergoing bariatric surgery. Several strategies have been suggested for this patient group, including staged operations, combined operations, intragastric balloon use, and endoluminal sleeve placement. However, the device options are often not available to adolescents, and there are no data regarding staged or combined procedures in this age group. Methods. All adolescents with BMI >60 kg/m2 referred to our program were evaluated for inpatient medical weight loss prior to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The program utilizes a multidisciplinary approach with a protein-sparing modified fast diet, exercise, and behavioral modification. Results. Three patients completed the program, and each achieved significant preoperative weight loss through the inpatient program and successfully underwent bariatric surgery. Conclusions. Presurgical weight loss via an inpatient program for adolescents with a BMI >60 kg/m2 results in total weight loss comparable to a primary surgical procedure alone, with the benefit of decreasing the perioperative risk.
Interaction with external agents, innovation networks, and innovation capability: the case of Uruguayan software firms

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to disentangle the interplay between nurturing interaction with external agents, innovation networks, and innovation capability. In particular, the paper argues that nurturing interaction with external agents (by means of participation in different events that allow face-to-face interaction, or via collaborative technology) positively affects the innovation capability of firms by allowing the development of innovation networks and making them run smoothly. Design/methodology/approach – For this to be tested, an analysis has been carried out in Uruguayan software firms. A questionnaire was designed and addressed to the managers of the firms making up the target population. Structural equation modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS) was then applied to test the hypotheses put forward by the research. Findings – The results obtained show that nurturing interaction with external agents has a positive and significant influence both on the formation of innovation n.
Do House Officers Learn From Their Mistakes

To the Editor. —The article by Wu et al 1 raises two important issues that need further discussion. One issue is about residents taking responsibility for their mistakes and the involvement of the attending physician. The second issue concerns the possible consequences of withholding information about mistakes from the involved patients or their families. I am encouraged that 88% of residents spoke with somebody about their mistakes. However, I find it very unsatisfactory that only 54% of residents actually discussed their mistakes with their attending physicians. We cannot expect residents to accept responsibility for their mistakes unless the attending physicians or the institution teaches them to do so. An interesting question is why the residents did not discuss their mistakes with their attending physicians. Is it because the residents thought or believed that the attending physicians would not be supportive of them? I agree with Wu et al that residents
The relationship between face to face social networks and knowledge sharing: an exploratory study of manufacturing firms

Purpose This paper aims to explore the relationship between face-to-face social networks and knowledge sharing. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative data gathered through 25 semi-structured interviews in five manufacturing firms were collected and analysed. A grounded theory approach was used to analyse the data, which was supported through NVivo qualitative data analysis software. Findings The results reveal that face-to-face social networks facilitate knowledge sharing in diverse ways. These include the use of multiple communication styles, brainstorming and problem-solving, learning and teaching, training, consultations and employee rotation. Practical implications The findings of this research are expected to help practitioners to comprehend the big picture and scope of the steps they take to facilitate knowledge sharing in organisations. Viewing knowledge sharing from a holistic perspective can help practitioners comprehend how face-to-face knowledge sharing fits with and complements other knowledge-sharing channels, such as electronic social media and document repositories. In addition, through face-to-face social networks, practitioners can leverage work groups to increase knowledge sharing, meaning that potential cost savings and improved work practices can be achieved. Originality/value For researchers, three new models are developed which provide new insights into the nature of the relationship between face-to-face social networks and knowledge sharing. The first model relates to brainstorming and problem-solving, the second to knowledge levels and the direction of learning and teaching and the third to factors influencing social networks and knowledge sharing.
Eye placement principles in portraits and figure studies over the past two millennia

The importance of the center of the canvas has long been appreciated in art, as has the way the eyes as revealing the personality of the subjects of portraits. Is there a consistent placement of the eyes relative to the canvas frame, based on the horizontal position of the eyes in portraits? Data from portraits over the past 2000 years quantify that one eye is centered with a standard deviation of less than +/- 5%. Classical texts on composition do not seem to mention the idea that the eyes as such should be positioned relative to the frame of the picture; the typical emphasis is on the placement of centers of mass in the frame or relative to the vanishing point in cases of central perspective. If such a compositional principle is not discussed in art analysis, it seems that its manifestation throughout the centuries and varieties of artistic styles (including the extreme styles of the 20th century) must be guided by unconscious perceptual processes.
Cognitive big data: survey and review on big data research and its implications. What is really "new" in big data?

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce and define Cognitive Big Data as a concept. Furthermore, it investigates what is really “new” in Big Data, as it seems to be a hyped-up concept that has emerged during recent years. The purpose is also to broaden the discussion around Big Data far beyond the common 4V (velocity, volume, veracity and variety) model. Design/methodology/approach The authors established an expert think tank to discuss the notion of Big Data, identify new characteristics and re-think what really is new in the idea of Big Data, by analyzing over 60 literature resources. They identified typical baseline scenarios (traffic, business processes, retail, health and social media) as a starting point from which they explored the notion of Big Data from different perspectives. Findings They concluded that the idea of Big Data is simply not new and recognized the need to re-think a new approach toward Big Data. The authors also introduced a five-Trait Framework for “Cognitive Big Data”, socio-technical system, data space, data richness, knowledge management (KM)/decision-making and visualization/sensory presentation. Research limitations/implications The viewpoint is centered on cognitive processes as KM process. Practical implications Data need to be made available in an understandable form for the right application context and in the right portion size that it can be turned into knowledge and eventually wisdom. The authors need to know about data that can be ignored, data that they are not aware of (dark data) and data that can be fully utilized for analysis (light data). In the foreground is the extension of human mental capabilities and data understandability. Social implications Cognitive Big Data implies a socio-technological knowledge system. Originality/value Introduction of cognitive Big Data as concept and framework.
Knowledge management: a key determinant in advancing technological innovation?

Purpose – This paper purports to analyze the relationship between knowledge management (KM) and technological innovation in the Malaysian manufacturing sector. Furthermore, the interrelationships between the KM dimensions will also be investigated. Design/methodology/approach – Survey data from 162 manufacturing firms were obtained. Multiple linear regression and neural network analysis were performed in this study to examine the relationships between KM and technological innovation; as well as the interrelationships between KM practices themselves. Findings – This research study provides empirical evidence and confirms the results of past researchers that KM practices (i.e. knowledge sharing, knowledge application and knowledge storage) are positively and significantly related to technological innovation (i.e. product and process innovation). Moreover, it is also discovered that the interrelationships between the KM dimensions are positive and significant. Research limitations/implications – This researc.
The Epidemiology of Pain

Inadequate pain relief is a global concern for patients and practitioners. Many barriers still exist within the health care system to properly assess and treat pain. This article identifies the need to properly assess pain and develop a treatment plan that includes a discussion with the patient. Pain is not always cured and requires medical management the same as any other disease process.