Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional activity and effective connectivity of the posterior medial prefrontal cortex during processing of incongruent mental states

The neurocognitive components of Theory of Mind reasoning remain poorly understood. In particular the role of the posterior medial prefrontal cortex in the processing of other's mental states such as beliefs that are incongruent with one's own knowledge of reality is not clear‐cut. It is unknown whether this region is involved in computing discrepant mental states or in subsequently resolving a response conflict between the discrepant others' and one's own beliefs. To test this, we adapted a false belief paradigm for the separate inspection of functional brain activity related to (1) the computation of diverging beliefs and (2) the subsequent consideration and selection of another's or one's own belief. Based on statistical parametric findings from functional neuroimaging, we employed dynamic causal modelling combined with Bayesian model selection to further characterize the interplay of resulting brain regions. In the initial computation of diverging beliefs, the posterior medial prefrontal cortex (pMPFC) and the bilateral temporoparietal cortex were crucially involved. The findings suggest that the bilateral temporal cortex engages in the construction and adjustment of diverging mental states by encoding relevant environmental information. The pMPFC inhibits this stimulus‐bound processing which helps to compute discrepant mental states and process another's false belief decoupled from one's own perception of reality. In the subsequent question phase the right temporoparietal cortex showed increased activity related to switching to and reconsidering another's beliefs in order to select the correct response. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2950–2965, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention: A Case Study on Employees of a Retail Company in Malaysia

High employee turnover rate in Malaysia’s retail industry has become a major issue that needs to be addressed. This study determines the levels of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention of employees in a retail company in Malaysia. The relationships between job satisfaction and organizational commitment on turnover intention are also investigated. A questionnaire was developed using Job Descriptive Index, Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, and Lee and Mowday’s turnover intention items and data were collected from 62 respondents. The findings suggested that the respondents were moderately satisfied with job satisfaction facets such as promotion, work itself, co-workers, and supervisors but were unsatisfied with salary. They also had moderate commitment level with considerably high intention to leave the organization. All satisfaction facets (except for co-workers) and organizational commitment were significantly and negatively related to turnover intention. Based on the findings, retention strategies of retail employees were proposed. Keywords—Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, retail employees, turnover intention.
Tone-evoked ABR in full-term and preterm neonates with normal hearing

This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of applying tone-ABRs in the nursery and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and to provide normative tone-ABR data from neonates. Normative tone-ABR latency data were determined. The study obtained intensity series of tone-ABRs from thirty preterm neonates and twenty full-term neonates who had confirmed normal peripheral auditory function after passing both an OAE and ABR screening examination. ABRs were collected in response to 500, 1500, and 4000 Hz tone bursts at 70, 50, 30, and 20 dB nHL. Mean wave V latencies were compared between groups, ears, and by gender. Responses to tone bursts of 20 and 30 dB nHL were detected in 97% and 100% of all ears respectively, in addition to responses to the higher-intensity stimuli. Preterm neonates’ ABRs showed significantly longer latencies than those of the full-term infants. Tone-ABR evaluation was found to be both feasible and reliable as a measure of auditory function in neonates.
Human Herpes Viruses Latent Infection in the Nervous System

The neurotropic herpes viruses, HSV-1, HSV-2 and VZV, colonize and establish latent infection in human peripheral sensory ganglia. Recurrent diseases due to reactivation of these viral pathogens can take place despite an effective immune response. Molecular, cellular, physiological and immune mechanisms work in concert to enable the establishment of latency, the maintenance of the latent state for the entire life of the host, and the reactivation infection. Although all three viruses belong to the same family and establish latent infection in the same tissue, the clinical pattern of their reactivation is quite different. This review covers current knowledge of the basis of these infections, and offers a theory explaining the basis of HSV-1 latent infection and the differences of the disorders caused by HSV-1 and VZV reactivation in humans.
Exterior integrability: Yang–Baxter form of non-equilibrium steady-state density operator

A new type of quantum transfer matrix, arising as a Cholesky factor for the steady-state density matrix of a dissipative Markovian process associated with the boundary-driven Lindblad equation for the isotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg (XXX) chain, is presented. The transfer matrix forms a commuting family of non-Hermitian operators depending on the spectral parameter, which is essentially the strength of dissipative coupling at the boundaries. The intertwining of the corresponding Lax and monodromy matrices is performed by an infinitely dimensional Yang–Baxter R-matrix, which we construct explicitly and is essentially different from the standard 4 × 4 XXX R-matrix. We also discuss a possibility to construct Bethe ansatz for the spectrum and eigenstates of the non-equilibrium steady-state density operator. Furthermore, we indicate the existence of a deformed R-matrix in the infinite dimensional auxiliary space for the anisotropic XXZ spin-1/2 chain, which in general provides a sequence of new, possibly quasi-local, conserved quantities of the bulk XXZ dynamics.
Consensus statements and recommended clinical procedures regarding loading protocols for endosseous dental implants.

The group was asked to develop evidence-based reviews on topics related to various loading protocols for dental implants. Three reviews were prepared: the first addressed the literature related to different loading protocols for partially edentulous cases, the second examined the literature for loading protocols in completely edentulous cases, and the third addressed clinical procedures for the various loading protocols. Drafts of the manuscripts were prepared and distributed to the members of the group prior to the conference. The overall objective of the literature review was to determine whether a procedure could be recommended as a standard based on the available evidence. The second objective was to identify whether patients perceived a benefit associated with these procedures. The literature included full-length articles in English on endosseous root-form titanium implants. For edentulous patients, a minimum follow-up of 1 year was required. The volume of literature found was moderate, but the level of evidence was limited at best for the procedures considered. The predominant literature was case reports. The primary goal was to identify survival of the implants and success or failure of the procedure(s), and to relate these to the implant and/or prosthesis. A secondary goal was to identify possible risk factors for the procedures. At the consensus conference, the authors presented their manuscripts to the group for discussion. There was discussion concerning how the authors approached writing the draft, how the literature was searched and reviewed, what the major findings were, and finally, what conclusions could be drawn. Following these presentations, group members addressed several aspects of each review, including:
Effects of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and related compounds on nuclear RNA metabolism.

This study examines the effects of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and certain related compounds on the synthesis and processing of nucleolar and nucleoplasmic RNA in cultured L1210 cells. Treatment with 0.25 mm 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea has little effect on either quantity or size distribution of RNA synthesized during the first 10 min after drug addition. By 30 min, however, synthesis of both RNA fractions is markedly inhibited. By contrast, the processing of 45 S nucleolar (ribosomal precursor) RNA is inhibited immediately. The inhibition of nucleolar RNA processing is due to an action at some step after the normal synthesis and methylation of 45 S species. The processing or exit of high-molecular-weight RNA from the nucleoplasmic fraction also is inhibited. Structure-activity studies of some nitrosoureas indicated that inhibition of RNA processing requires a substitution at the N-3 nitrogen of the urea moiety. The isocyanate decomposition products of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea were found to be more effective than the parent compounds, suggesting that it is these isocyanate products that are responsible for the inhibition of RNA processing. In accord with this interpretation, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, which lacks an N-3 nitrogen substituent and therefore cannot form an isocyanate product, was inactive. Since this nitrosourea is known to be highly active against experimental neoplasms, it is concluded that inhibition of RNA processing or other effects of isocyanate products are probably not directly responsible for the antitumor activity. These effects may instead be side effects, potentially related to toxicity.
The Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr) on Corporate Brand Positioning

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in corporate brand positioning in the printing and packaging industry in Zimbabwe. The research was conducted by reviewing various streams of literature and interviews with 10 representatives from 5 companies and 10 customers also participated in this research. A semi-structured questionnaire was used. Two representatives from each of the ten competing companies were selected while customer representatives (both industrial and ordinary) were selected using the companies’ customer records as the sampling frame. These were selected on the basis of the ratio of their revenue contribution which stands at 1: 2 in favour of industrial customers. All qualitative responses were grouped into themes for coding purposes. The data gathered was coded and captured to form panel data for further analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. Results of the research indicated that15 out of the sampled respondents of 20 confirmed that indeed CSR directed towards employees through provision of health care services and education and other activities as highlighted help to improve corporate image and position. The research also concluded that communities are intertwined with companies and their perceptions matter in corporate brand positioning. Using results of the T-Tests, it was concluded that CSR programs directed towards the environment play an important role in positioning corporate brands. Future research can refine CSR input by recognizing these differences and theorizing about employees’ reactions. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014. v5n20p2597
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND DIFFERENT FOOD MATRICES ON CYCLOSPORA CAYETANENSIS OOCYST SPORULATION

Effects of temperature on the sporulation of the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis were studied in 2 food substrates, dairy and basil. Unsporulated Cyclospora oocysts were subjected to freezing and heating conditions for time periods ranging from 15 min to 1 wk. Oocysts were then removed from the food substrates and placed in 2.5% potassium dichromate for 2 wk to allow viable unsporulated oocysts to differentiate and fully sporulate, and to determine the percentage sporulation as an indicator of viability. Sporulation occurred when oocysts resuspended in dairy substrates were stored within 24 hr at −15 C. When oocysts were placed in water or basil, sporulation occurred after incubation for up to 2 days at −20 C, and up to 4 days at 37 C. Few oocysts sporulated when incubated for 1 hr at 50 C. Sporulation was not observed in basil leaves or water at −70 C, 70 C, and 100 C. Sporulation was not affected when incubated at 4 C and 23 C for up to 1 wk, which was the duration of the experiment in both of the tested substrates.
A self-parametrizing partition model approach to tomographic inverse problems

Partition modelling is a statistical method for nonlinear regression and classification, and is particularly suited to dealing with spatially variable parameters. Previous applications include disease mapping in medical statistics. Here we extend this method to the seismic tomography problem. The procedure involves a dynamic parametrization for the model which is able to adapt to an uneven spatial distribution of the information on the model parameters contained in the observed data. The approach provides a stable solution with no need for explicit regularization, i.e. there is neither user supplied damping term nor tuning of trade-off parameters. The method is an ensemble inference approach within a Bayesian framework. Many potential solutions are generated, and information is extracted from the ensemble as a whole. In terms of choosing a single model, it is straightforward to perform Monte Carlo integration to produce the expected Earth model. The inherent model averaging process naturally smooths out unwarranted structure in the Earth model, but maintains local discontinuities if well constrained by the data. Calculation of uncertainty estimates is also possible using the ensemble of models, and experiments with synthetic data suggest that they are good representations of the true uncertainty.
Effectively Subsampled Quadratures for Least Squares Polynomial Approximations

This paper proposes a new deterministic sampling strategy for constructing polynomial chaos approximations for expensive physics simulation models. The proposed approach, effectively subsampled quadratures involves sparsely subsampling an existing tensor grid using QR column pivoting. For polynomial interpolation using hyperbolic or total order sets, we then solve the following square least squares problem. For polynomial approximation, we use a column pruning heuristic that removes columns based on the highest total orders and then solves the tall least squares problem. While we provide bounds on the condition number of such tall submatrices, it is difficult to ascertain how column pruning effects solution accuracy as this is problem specific. We conclude with numerical experiments on an analytical function and a model piston problem that show the efficacy of our approach compared with randomized subsampling. We also show an example where this method fails.
Growth hormone for children with chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND Growth retardation is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children and is of concern to families. Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment has been used to help short children with CKD attain a height more in keeping with their age group. However there are concerns about the long-term benefits of rhGH in significantly improving adult height as well as concerns about potential adverse effects (deterioration in native kidney function, increased acute rejection in kidney transplant recipients, benign intracranial hypertension). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the benefits and harms of rhGH treatment in children with CKD. SEARCH METHODS Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from the Cochrane Renal Group's Specialised Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Issue 12, 2011), MEDLINE (from 1966), EMBASE (from 1980), article reference lists and through contact with local and international experts in the field.Date of last search: December 29, 2011 SELECTION CRITERIA RCTs were included if they were carried out in children aged zero to 18 years, diagnosed with CKD, who were pre-dialysis, on dialysis or post-transplant; if they compared rhGH treatment with placebo/no treatment or two doses of rhGH treatments; and if they included height outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed studies for risk of bias and extracted data from eligible studies. Data was pooled using a random effects model with calculation of mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS Sixteen studies (enrolling 809 children) were identified. Risk of bias assessment indicated that study quality was poor or poorly reported with only four and five studies respectively reporting adequate allocation concealment or blinding of study participants and investigators. Treatment with rhGH (28 IU/m²/wk) compared with placebo or no specific therapy resulted in a significant increase in height standard deviation score (HSDS) at one year (8 studies, 391 children: MD 0.82, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.07), and a significant increase in height velocity at six months (2 studies, 27 children: MD 2.85 cm/6 mo, 95% CI 2.22 to 3.48) and one year (7 studies, 287 children: MD 3.88 cm/y, 95% CI 3.32 to 4.44). Height velocity, though reduced, remained significantly greater than untreated children during the second year of therapy (1 study, 82 children: MD 2.30 cm/y, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.21). Compared to the 14 IU/m²/wk group, there was a 1.18 cm/y increase in height velocity in the 28 IU/m²/wk group (3 studies, 150 children: 1.18 cm/y, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.84) . The frequency of reported side effects of rhGH was generally similar to that of the control group. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS One year of 28 IU/m²/wk rhGH in children with CKD resulted in a 3.88 cm increase in height velocity above that of untreated patients. Studies were too short to determine if continuing treatment resulted in an increase in final adult height.
Observer design for satellite angular rate estimation using the state-dependent riccati equation method

The problem of estimating the angular rate of a satellite is considered. A nonlinear observer based on the state-dependent Riccati equation method is proposed. A sufficient stability condition for the convergence of the estimation error is presented. This condition is related to a state-dependent algebraic Riccati equation. The Riccati equation is derived by transforming nonlinear error dynamics into a Lipschitz nonlinearity. Observer gains are obtained from this state-dependent algebraic Riccati equation. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the proposed method.
First-in-human trial of a poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor MK-4827 in advanced cancer patients with antitumor activity in BRCA-deficient tumors and sporadic ovarian cancers (soc).

3102 Background: MK4827 is an orally active, PARP 1/2 inhibitor with nanomolar potency. It induces selective synthetic lethality in homologous recombination (HR) repair deficient tumors with BRCA1/2 loss and in tumor cell lines with non-BRCA-related HR defects, supporting broad clinical application. A phase I study was undertaken to determine the toxicity and tolerability, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles, and preliminary anti-tumor activity. METHODS Patients (p) with advanced solid tumors enriched for BRCA-mutation carriers (BRCA-MC) and non-BRCA HR defects received once daily, escalating doses of MK4827 in cohorts of 3-6 p. Dose escalation was guided by toxicity, PK and PD data. RESULTS 60 p (M13, F47; median age 56 yr; 21 BRCA-MC) were treated at 10 dose levels from 30mg to 400mg on days 1-21 of a 28 day cycle (C) in C1, followed by continuous dosing. 20 additional p with soc were enrolled at the MTD. Prior systemic treatments were ≤2 (23p), ≥3 (17p), and ≥4 (40p). Overall, DLT was observed in 4p: grade (G) 3 fatigue in 1/6p at 30mg, reversible G3 pneumonitis in 1/6p at 60mg, and reversible G4 thrombocytopenia in 2/6p treated at 400mg. The MTD was established at 300mg. Other MK4827 related G1-2 reversible adverse events included fatigue, anorexia, nausea and myelosuppression. Dose proportional PK was observed with a mean t1/2 of 40 hours (range 37-42 hr). PD studies confirmed PARP inhibition in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at doses of ≥80 mg. Antitumor activity was observed in both sporadic and BRCA-MC cancers. In total, there have been 12p with partial responses (PR) (10 ovarian [7 BRCA-MC; 3 soc], 2 breast, 10/12 BRCA-MC cancers, 4/12 with ongoing treatment), and 8p with stable disease (SD) (4 ovarian [2 BRMC-MC], 2 NSCLC, 2/4 BRCA-MC) ≥120 days. PRs have ranged from 86(+)-483 days and SD from 18(+)-354 days. CONCLUSIONS MK-4827 was well tolerated, had linear PKs, evidence of target modulation, and promising antitumor activity in both BRCA-MC and sporadic cancer. Specific cohort expansions in other nonhereditary tumors enriched for HR defects is ongoing. Updated safety and response data will be provided.
Running head: GESTURE AND CREATIVE THINKING This is a pre-publication copy of a manuscript accepted for publication in Psychological Science. Title: Gesture Facilitates Children’s Creative Thinking. Authors: Elizabeth Kirk

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Comparison of Imbrie-Kipp transfer function and modern analog temperature estimates using sediment trap and core top foraminiferal faunas

We evaluate the reliability of statistical estimates of sea surface temperature (SST) derived from planktonic foraminiferal faunas using the modem analog method and the Imbrie-Kipp method. Global core top faunas provide a calibration data set, while modem sediment trap faunas are used for validation. Linear regression of core top predicted SST against atlas SST generated slopes close to one for both methods. However, the Imbrie-Kipp transfer function temperature estimates had an intercept 1.3oC warmer than modem analog estimates and 1.7oC warmer than recorded atlas SST. The RMS error for the core top data set using the modem analog method (1.5oC) was smaller than that of the Imbrie- Kipp method (1.9oC). SST errors for the sediment trap faunas were not statistically different from those of the core top data set, regardless of method. Developing Imbrie-Kipp transfer functions for limited regions reduced the RMS variability but introduced residual structure not present in the global Imbrie- Kipp transfer function. Dissolution simulations with the sediment trap sample which generated the warmest SST residual for both methods suggests that the loss of delicate warm water foraminifera from midlatitude sediments may be the cause of this thermal error. We conclude that (1) the fauna) structure of sediment trap and core top assemblages are similar; (2) both methods estimate SST reliably for modem foraminifera) flux assemblages, but the modem analog method exhibits less bias; and (3) both methods are relatively robust to samples with low communality but sensitive to selective faunal dissolution.