Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hawking Radiation inside Black Holes in Quantum Gravity

We study black hole radiation inside black holes within the framework of quantum gravity. First, we review on our previous work of a canonical quantization for a spherically symmetric geometry where one of the spatial coordinates is treated as the time variable, since we think of the interior region of a black hole. Based on this formalism, under physically plausible assumptions, we solve the Wheeler-De Witt equation inside the black hole, and show that the mass-loss rate of an evaporating black hole due to thermal radiation is equivalent to the result obtained by Hawking in his semi-classical approach. A remarkable point is that our assumptions make the momentum constraint coincide with the Hamiltonian constraint up to an irrelevant overall factor. Furthermore, for comparison, we solve the Wheeler-De Witt equation outside the black hole as well, and see that the mass-loss rate of an evaporating black hole has the same expression. The present analysis suggests that the black hole radiation comes from the black hole singularity. We also comment on the Birkhoff theorem in quantum gravity.
Economic evaluation of the precipitation of phosphate as struvite at pilotscale

A novel approach using ureolytic induced MAP formation, for the recovery of phosphate, has been economically evaluated. The ureolytic MAP crystallizationon has been tested on anaerobic effluent of a potato processing company in a pilot plant, with MgCl2.6H2O as magnesium source. The pilot plant showed a high phosphate removal efficiency of 82 ± 9 %, resulting in a final effluent concentration of 13 ± 7 mg/L PO4-P. XRD analyses confirmed the presence of struvite in the precipitate. During operation pH and the molar magnesium : ammonium : phosphate ratio are the most important operational parameters influencing MAP crystallization. Results show that for high phosphate concentrations in wastewater (e.g. 100 mg/L PO4-P) the ureolytic phosphate precipitation is a cost effective method (6.1 € kg-1 Premoved). Moreover, the technique is competitive with the chemical phosphate precipitation of struvite (6.2 € kg-1 Premoved).
A Prevalence Study of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in a Rural Hospital

Survey on prevalence of various intestinal parasitic infections is prerequisite to obtain an accurate understanding of burden of cases of intestinal parasitic infections in particular area. The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among all age group of people in Latur district, India. Material and Method: A total of 211 stool samples were collected from all age groups and examined by routine naked eye and microscopic examination. Results: 14(6.63%) stool samples showed presence of ova/cysts of protozoa or helminths. Protozoal cysts or trophozoites were found in 3(32.4%) while helminthic eggs were found in 11(78.5%) of positive samples. Conclusion: The prevalence is very low as compared to other studies. These findings suggest that there is increased awareness of personal hygiene and sanitary practices among people in this area. Key word: Intestinal parasitic infections Introduction: Over one quarter of world’s population is most likely suffering from some form of intestinal parasitic infections.The prevalence of different parasitic diseases depends upon environmental, social and economical factors. It is highly prevalent in developing countries like India. There is paucity of information of prevalence of different intestinal parasitic infections. Poor sanitation, scarcity of portable drinking water and low standard of personal hygiene contributes to rapid spread of these infections. The prevalence of different intestinal parasitic infections reported by different authors shows wide variations probably due to difference in place time and method used. The frequency of parasitic infections varies with age and sex of general population. Intestinal parasitic infections are more common in childrens. It affects the nutrition and as a result of morbidity they are at increased risk for detrimental effects like poor cognitive performance and physical growth. It is then important to know the burden of intestinal parasitic infections in community. So this study was undertaken to know the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections. Materials and Methods: The study was undertaken in Department of Microbiology, MIMSR Medical College and Y C Rural Hospital, Latur district, Maharashtra, India. A total of 211 stool samples were collected from patients of all age groups. Stool samples were collected in wide mouth containers without preservatives and transported to laboratory within one hour. Naked eye examination and microscopic examination by using Saline and Lugol’s iodine preparation has been done directly from stool.
Developing Critical Thinking with Debate: Evidence from Iranian Male and Female Students

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between the performance of Iranian male and female EFL learners on the five dimensions of the California Critical Thinking Skills Test.88 learners, out of 120, who were selected through convenience sampling method, participated in this study. The researcher used a quantitative research method with one-group pretest posttest design. This group received some treatment in the form of “the Meeting-House Debate” strategy. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result showed that there was no significant difference in the performance of males and females on the sub-scales measured; i.e. evaluation, analysis, inference, deductive reasoning, and inductive reasoning. It was concluded that gender did not have a significant effect on the students’ critical thinking skills.
Singular limits for the compressible Euler equation in an exterior domain. II. Bodies in a uniform flow

some geometric assumptions on the boundary (e.g. non trapping conditions)seem to be necessary. If we consider the non-isentropic fluid, in order to proveTheorem B, we have to study spectral and scattering problems of the linearizedoperator of acoustics with coefficients depending on time, which seems to be adelicate problem. Theorem A also holds for the interior domain (we take
Individual evaluation of DEP, EP and AC-EOF effects on λDNA molecules in a DNA concentrator

Individual evaluation of and effects on DNA in a DNA Abstract: Bio concentrators have been proposed to concentrate and detect tiny amount of cells, DNAs, or proteins in a microfluidic system. Concentrating processes have been experimentally studied and discussed as a result of concentration caused by multiple electrokinetic phenomena. Here, we have investigated individual electrokinetic phenomenon in a DNA concentrator to propose a design guide for a micro bio concentrator. Three dominant electrokinetic phenomena: dielectrophoresis (DEP), electrophoresis (EP), and AC electroosmotic flow (AC-EOF) are experimentally and theoretically evaluated. DNA mobility due to DEP was separately studied by utilizing quadrupole electrodes generating a uniform field gradient, which enables us to derive a DEP force on the order of 10-13 N acting on a single DNA molecule. Using the theoretical model the DEP force on the order of 10-12 N, close to the experimental result, was calculated. The EP force estimated from the average charge per base pair of DNA molecule was on the order of 10-9 N. Compared with these two forces, AC-EOF generating a flow velocity of 100~200 m/s, globally dominates the manipulation of DNA molecules throughout the concentrator. However, the three-dimensional observation of molecule distribution reveals that the EP force has a significant role in holding the DNA molecules at the electrode centre. The results (AC-EOF) Bio concentrators have been proposed to concentrate and detect tiny amount of cells, DNAs, or proteins in a microfluidic system. Concentrating processes have been experimentally studied and discussed as a result of concentration caused by multiple electrokinetic phenomena. Here, we have investigated individual electrokinetic phenomenon in a DNA 20 concentrator to propose a design guide for a micro bio concentrator. Three dominant electrokinetic phenomena: dielectrophoresis (DEP), electrophoresis (EP), and AC electroosmotic flow (AC-EOF) are experimentally and theoretically evaluated. DNA mobility due to DEP was separately studied by utilizing quadrupole electrodes generating a uniform field gradient, which enables us to derive a DEP force on the order of 10 -13 N acting on a single DNA molecule. Using the theoretical model the DEP force on the order of 10 -12 N, close to the experimental result, was calculated. The EP force 25 estimated from the average charge per base pair of DNA molecule was on the order of 10 -9 N. Compared with these two forces, AC-EOF generating a flow velocity of 100~200  m/s, globally dominates the manipulation of DNA molecules throughout the concentrator. However, the three-dimensional observation of molecule distribution reveals that the EP force has a significant role in holding the DNA molecules at the electrode centre. The results not only support the proposal that the biomolecular concentrator should be designed to utilize AC-EOF and EP [1, 2], but also provide approximate estimates 30 for the DEP and EP forces, and the AC-EOF velocity which will allow us to design a concentrator with a given
The impact of human resource practices on psychological empowerment

Article history: Received January 5, 2016 Received in revised format April 15, 2016 Accepted June 7, 2016 Available online June 8, 2016 The main objective of this study is to explain the relationship between human resource management (HRM) and psychological empowerment among the employees who worked for the National Iranian oil company (NIOC). The study population includes all NIOC’s 950 employees, where 276 people were randomly chosen as sample study. The survey uses a questionnaire originally developed by Spreitzer (1995) [Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465. ] to measure psychological empowerment and designs another questionnaire for measuring HRM. Cronbach alphas for psychological empowerment and HRM are 0.856 and 0.839, respectively. The results have indicated that there was a positive and meaningful relationship between psychological empowerment and HRM. © 2016 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of genetic and non-genetic factors on milk yield and milkcomposition traits in Murrah buffaloes

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of genetic and non-genetic factors and to estimate genetic parameters of first lactation 305 days milk yield (FLMY305), 305 days fat yield (LFY), 305 days solid not fat yield (LSNFY), 305 days total solid yield (LTSY), 305 days fat percentage (FAT%), 305 days solid not fat percentage (SNF%) and 305 days total solid percentage (TS%) in Murrah buffaloes. The data of 315 Murrah buffaloes calved from 1993 to 2013 and sired by 47 bulls maintained in an organized farm at ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal was analyzed to study the effect of genetic and non-genetic factors. Least squares analysis was done to estimate the effect of genetic and non-genetic factors on FLMY305, LFY, LSNFY, LTSY, FAT%, SNF% and TS%. Heritability estimates were obtained by using paternal half-sib correlation method. The heritability estimates for FLMY305, LFY, LSNFY, LTSY, FAT%, SNF% and TS% traits were found to be 0.30, 0.29, 0.30, 0.30, 0.05, 0.02 and 0.06, respectively. Very high and positive genetic and phenotypic correlations of FLMY305 with milk constituents’ yield traits implied that selection based on FLMY305 would result in correlated response in milk constituents yield traits and therefore need not to be considered separately for their improvement.
Volume compression of cerium up to 4 GPa

The volume compression of cerium was remeasured up to 4 GPa.The bulk modulus and its pressure derivative, as calculated from the compression data, are respectively 19 . 1 GPa and -10 for y-cerium. The y-+ a transition was found to occur at 0 . 77 GPa with 0 . 2 GPa hysteresis for the y;0 a transition. The bulk modulus of the a-phase immediately after the transition is very low (14 GPa)13; and its pressure derivative large (- 10). The pressure derivative of the bulk modulus becomes normal beyond ^'2 GPa. The anomalous volume compression of y-cerium has been explained in terms of a continuous delocalization under pressure of 4f electrons. The average fraction of 4f electrons delocalized under pressure has been estimated. The pressure variation of the gap between the 4f electrons and the Fermi level has been estimated from the compression data and found to be 0 . 04 eV GPa'. An estimate of the valency of a-cerium suggests that it approaches +4 state as the pressure is increased. The valency prior to the a -* a' transition is estimated to be 3.8 xB1; 0.1.
Extreme sea events during the last millennium in the northeast of Morocco

Abstract. The Moroccan Mediterranean coast is located in one of the area's most vulnerable to extreme weather events or tsunami hazards. The objective of this research is to reconstruct the historical extreme submersion-event record using sea-induced deposits preserved in coastal lagoon. The Nador lagoon is the largest Moroccan lagoon (115 km2). It is located along the western Mediterranean, which has a high cyclogenetic character and is exposed to tsunamis from the Alboran Sea. The sandy barrier which separates the lagoon from the Mediterranean Sea is marked by much overwash, which indicate how intensely it has been exposed to the adverse sea events through history. Using the UWITEC© gravity coring platform, an undisturbed MC4.5 core (1.15 m long) was successfully sampled in the studied lagoon. To identify extreme sea events, a multi-proxy approach was applied combining sedimentological and geochemical data. Three paleoevents were identified; all of them are concentrated over the last 500 years, and the most recent event corresponds to the 1889 storm. For the others deposits, it is difficult to determine exactly their origin; however, the high frequency of storm events over the relevant period and the absence of historical tsunamis evidence is more in favor of the meteorological origin.
On the Role of Chloroplasts in the Polymerization of Tannins in Tracheophyta: A Monograph

Proanthocyanidins are formed in the chlorophyllous organs of Tracheophyta from a redifferentiation of chloroplasts involving the thylakoidal membrane and lumen. With the purpose to help researchers of concerned disciplines to identify such chloroplasts, we described herein the morphologies of functional and redifferentiating chloroplasts in various members of Tracheophyta. The most obvious sign of redifferentiation is a tremendous swelling of the chloroplast which turns obese. De novo genesis of osmiophilic materials is also characteristic, either as single dots attached to the inner face of the swollen thylakoidal membrane which will yield the tannosomes, or as pearl necklace-shaped structures protruding into the lumen; this last formation can be viewed as a giant tannosome forming finally stromal chlorotannic accretions. Whatever their mode of formation is, tannosomes are expulsed from the chloroplast as shuttles.
Optimal Collateralization with Bilateral Default Risk

We consider over-the-counter (OTC) transactions with bilateral default risk, and study the optimal design of the Credit Support Annex (CSA). In a setting where agents have access to a trading technology, default penalties and collateral costs arise endogenously as a result of foregone investment opportunities. We show how the optimal CSA trades off the costs of the collateralization procedure against the reduction in exposure to counter-party risk and expected default losses. The results are used to provide insights on the drivers of different collateral rules, including hedging motives, re-hypothecation of collateral, and close-out conventions. We show that standardized collateral rules can have a detrimental impact on risk sharing, which should be taken into account when assessing the merits of standardized vs. bespoke CSAs in non-centrally cleared OTC instruments.
Environmental life cycle assessment of concrete made with fine recycled concrete aggregates

The majority of worldwide structures use concrete as its main material. This happens because concrete is economically feasible, due to its undemanding production technology and ease of use. However, it is widely recognized that concrete production has a strong environmental impact in the planet. Natural aggregates use is one of the most important problems of concrete production nowadays, since they are obtained from limited, and in some countries scarce, resources. In Portugal, although there are enough stone quarries to cover coarse aggregates needs for several more years, supplies of fine aggregates are becoming scarcer, especially in the northern part of the country. On the other hand, as concrete structures’ life cycle comes to an end, an urgent need emerges to establish technically and economically viable solutions for demolition debris, other than for use as road base and quarry fill. This paper presents a partial life cycle assessment (LCA) of concrete made with fine recycled concrete aggregates performed with EcoConcrete tool. EcoConcrete is a tailor-made, interactive, learning and communications tool promoted by the Joint Project Group (JPG) on the LCA of concrete, to qualify and quantify the overall environment impact of concrete products. It consists of an interactive Excel-spreadsheet in which several environmental inputs (material quantities, distances from origin to production site, production processes) and outputs (material, energy, emissions to air, water, soil or waste) are collected in a life cycle inventory, and are then processed to determine the environmental impact (assessment) of the analysed concrete, in terms of ozone layer depletion, smog or “greenhouse” effect.
Interpretations of national identity in post-conflict Northern Ireland: a comparison of different school settings

Abstract It is generally accepted that education has a significant role to play in any society transitioning from conflict to a more peaceful dispensation. Indeed, some have argued that the education system potentially represents the single most effective agent of social change with the capacity to bridge ethnic division in conflict affected countries. Despite the potential, educational policy-makers grapple with the dilemma as to precisely how school systems can best facilitate this agenda. This paper thus attempts to shed light upon the dilemma by exploring pupil identity and associated intergroup attitudes across various school types in Northern Ireland. Five schools were selected for the study with each one representing a particular sector within the Northern Irish education system (maintained grammar, maintained secondary, controlled grammar, controlled secondary, integrated). This led to a total sample size of 265 pupils. The main findings show that children across separate Catholic, separate Protestant and mixed Catholic and Protestant educational contexts construct and interpret identity differently. At the same time, our data suggest that no one school setting has supremacy in promoting social cohesion. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Determination of electric-dipole matrix elements in K and Rb from Stark shift measurements

Stark shifts of potassium and rubidium D1 lines have been measured with high precision by Miller et al. [Phys. Rev. A 49, 5128 (1994)]. In this work, we combine these measurements with our all-order calculations to determine the values of the electric-dipole matrix elements for the 4p{sub j}-3d{sub j{sup '}} transitions in K and the 5p{sub j}-4d{sub j{sup '}} transitions in Rb to high precision. The 4p{sub 1/2}-3d{sub 3/2} and 5p{sub 1/2}-4d{sub 3/2} transitions contribute on the order of 90% to the respective polarizabilities of the np{sub 1/2} states in K and Rb, and the remaining 10% can be accurately calculated using the relativistic all-order method. Therefore, the combination of the experimental data and theoretical calculations allows us to determine the np-(n-1)d matrix elements and their uncertainties. We compare these values with our all-order calculations of the np-(n-1)d matrix elements in K and Rb for a benchmark test of the accuracy of the all-order method for transitions involving nd states. Such matrix elements are of special interest for many applications, such as determination of ''magic'' wavelengths in alkali-metal atoms for state-insensitive cooling and trapping, and determination of blackbody radiation shifts in optical frequency standards with ions.
A Comparison between Therapeutic Effect of Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor and Methylprednisolone in Treatment of Patients with Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Background & Aim: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the worst kinds of traumatic injuries with remarkable social and economic effects on communities. Methods & Materials/Patients: In this prospective randomized clinical trial, 122 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury were admitted to Poursina hospital within 48 h of injury to compare G-CSF and high-dose methylprednisolone as neuroprotective therapy. Results: In this study, 122 patients were studied out of which 62 patients were included in the granulociote colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) group with a mean age of 40.4, and 60 patients in the methylprednisolone group with an average age of 40.10 years. 55 patients (45%) out of 122 patients were completely paralyzed (Grade AIS: A) and 67 (55%) were with incomplete spinal injury (Grade AIS: B, C, D). The average ASIA sensory scores in the two groups were similarly compared in the same time intervals, and p values were 0.7, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.1, respectively . They were not statistically significant. Conclusion: According to the results, the G-CSF was shown to be beneficial in average ASIA motor and sensory scores in the two groups of male patients at six months of onset of G-CSF treatment (p value=0.04) and average ASIA motor scores improvement in the falls subgroup patients also differed significantly within six months of onset of G-CSF treatment (p value=0.03). A multicentre prospective randomized clinical trial to compare the placebo effect with G-CSF protocol's treatment, and also assessment of the cost benefits of the common medical treatment versus G-CSF are n eeded.