Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human herpesvirus-6 and human herpesvirus-7 in the bone marrow from healthy subjects.

BACKGROUND Human herpesviruses (HHVs) 6 and 7 are recently discovered betaherpesviruses. Although HHV-6 has been associated with disordered hematopoiesis in bone marrow transplant recipients, little information is available on the presence of both viruses in the bone marrow from healthy subjects. METHODS We detected HHV-6 and HHV-7 DNA by means of polymerase chain reaction in bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from 18 healthy subjects who underwent total hip arthroplasty. RESULTS Genomic HHV-6 and HHV-7 DNA were detected in 11% and 67% of the blood samples, respectively, and in 28% and 50% of the bone marrow samples, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Both viruses may be present in the bone marrow without hematopoiesis disorder and can be transmitted through bone marrow infusion. Therefore, the causative role of these two viruses in some bone marrow diseases cannot be inferred simply from the detection of their genome in bone marrow by means of polymerase chain reaction.
Design of a doubly-fed reluctance machine for wind energy generation

This paper presents the design of a 30 kW doubly-fed reluctance machine (DFRM) used for wind energy generation. Wind represents a variable-speed intermittent source of energy in nature and can be utilized using doubly-fed induction machines (DFIMs). The use of reluctance rotors can further improve energy efficiency and the reliability by eradicating the mechanical brushes and slip rings. This paper focuses on the machine design with a view to matching site-specific features with the loss distribution within the machine. The wind profile at the installation site is investigated so as to derive parameterized wind speeds, particularly, the annual cubic mean speed. By coordinating the loss components, it is possible to change the point of maximum efficiency of the machine to be near the actual nominal load corresponding to this wind speed. In a long term, a maximized overall energy production can be achieved for the generator. The DFRM is modeled in finite element (FE) and loss balancing is conducted for the rated condition. The total energy production is used as a key criterion to refine the machine design considering various stator winding arrangements and reluctance rotor topologies.
Quality Attributes and In Vitro Bioequivalence of Different Brands of Amoxicillin Trihydrate Tablets

Bacterial resistance and antibiotic drug effectiveness can be related to administering generic products with a subtherapeutic dose or poor in vivo drug release. The aim of this study was to investigate whether locally marketed amoxicillin tablets have the required chemical and physical attributes, including in vitro bioequivalence performance. Five generic products (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5) containing combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate as 1 g strength present in immediate release tablets were compared to the reference listed drug product Augmentin® (R) for weight variation, friability, resistance to crushing, and chemical content of amoxicillin. Difference (f1) and similarity (f2) factors were calculated to assess in vitro bioequivalence requirements. The tablets from different products have shown compliance with the pharmacopeial requirements of the performed tests. The measured resistance to crushing of tablets did not influence the dissolution time. Three generic products released more than 85% of amoxicillin by the first 15 min as did the reference product and were considered as bioequivalent products. T1 and T4 had f1 values of 16.5% and 25.4% respectively and their f2 values were 44.5 and 34.6 respectively, indicating failure to meet in vitro bioequivalence requirements. Tablet formulations can play an important role in achieving bioequivalence. Independent investigations such as this study serve as an important tool to reveal possible inferior or noncompliant products that may find their way to the market.
A Note on the Prague School

e 80th anniversary of the Prague Linguistic Circle offers an occasion to think about how to document the Prague School related events, how to keep whatever related to the Prague School, and how to make the Prague School resources easily accessible. In the following I will first chronologically list some Prague School related events in the past ten years (1996–2006). en I will refer to several personal communications as related to certain aspects of the Prague School theory. Finally I will propose when faced with this age of globalization and digitization what can be done so as to maximally utilize the Prague School resources. e following chronological list of Prague School related events are highly selective. Under the heading of the year are listed the events that occurred in that year.
Abattoir survey of bovine kidney disease

A survey of the prevalence and type of renal disease was carried out at a Dublin abattoir in 1979-80. Of 4166 cattle surveyed, 173 (4.2 per cent) had kidneys rejected for gross abnormalities. The rejection rate was 7.7, 1.7, 2.2 and 28 per cent for cows, bullocks, heifers and bulls, respectively. The most common reason for rejection was focal interstitial nephritis (60.1 per cent of rejected kidneys). Other lesions included cysts (26.0 per cent), pigmentation (6.4 per cent), pyelonephritis (3.5 per cent), amyloidosis (2.9 per cent), glomerulonephritis (0.6 per cent), renal atrophy (0.6 per cent) and agonal haemorrhage.
CARACTERIZACION MORFOLOGICA DE FRUTOS DE ONOTO (Bixa orellana L.) Y SU CORRESPONDENCIA CON PATRONES DE PROTEINAS E ISOENZIMAS

A group of 32 annatto genotypes collected in five Venezuelan regions (Oriente, Centro, Llanos, Andes and Amazonas) and in Brazil were used for morphological studies. The fruit variables with the greatest discriminatory power in the formation of groups were capsule size, spinosity and seed size. On the other hand, an association group among the variables spinosity, spine length, dehiscence and apex shape were formed, also a proportional association between capsule and seed size, and between dehiscent capsule and brown coloured seeds. Additionally, in order to discriminate morphological variables behaviour in respond to electrophoretic variables, a group of protein and isozyme bands associated with fruit characteristics were established. Therefore, a classification system of this species was possible using morphological studies of the capsules, even though a determined association relating morphological and molecular patterns
Reconstructed density and velocity fields from the 2MASS redshift survey

We present the reconstructed real-space density and the predicted velocity fields from the Two-Micron All-Sky Redshift Survey (2MRS). The 2MRS is the densest all-sky redshift survey to date and includes about 23 200 galaxies with extinction-corrected magnitudes brighter than Ks= 11.25 . Our method is based on the expansion of these fields in Fourier–Bessel functions. Within this framework, the linear redshift distortions only affect the density field in the radial direction and can easily be deconvolved using a distortion matrix. Moreover, in this coordinate system, the velocity field is related to the density field by a simple linear transformation. The shot noise errors in the reconstructions are suppressed by means of a Wiener filter which yields a minimum variance estimate of the density and velocity fields. Using the reconstructed real-space density fields, we identify all major superclusters and voids. At 50 h^−1 Mpc , our reconstructed velocity field indicates a backside infall to the Great Attractor region of vinfall= (491 ± 200) (β/0.5) km s^−1 in the Local Group frame and vinfall= (64 ± 205) (β/0.5) km s^−1 in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) frame and β is the redshift distortion parameter. The direction of the reconstructed dipole agrees well with the dipole derived by Erdogdu et al. The misalignment between the reconstructed 2MRS and the CMB dipoles drops to 13° at around 5000 km s^−1 but then increases at larger distances.
An integrative taxonomic approach to characterize Trichogramma marandobai (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae).

Trichogramma is the largest genus of Trichogrammatidae, with nearly 210 species worldwide (Pinto 2006), of which 41 species occur in South America and 26 in Brazil (Zucchi et al . 2010). Trichogramma are tiny parasitoids of eggs of insects, mostly lepidopterans. Some species have been mass-reared for biological control of agricultural pests.
Analysis and Controlled Synthesis of Inhomogeneous Textures

Many interesting real‐world textures are inhomogeneous and/or anisotropic. An inhomogeneous texture is one where various visual properties exhibit significant changes across the texture's spatial domain. Examples include perceptible changes in surface color, lighting, local texture pattern and/or its apparent scale, and weathering effects, which may vary abruptly, or in a continuous fashion. An anisotropic texture is one where the local patterns exhibit a preferred orientation, which also may vary across the spatial domain. While many example‐based texture synthesis methods can be highly effective when synthesizing uniform (stationary) isotropic textures, synthesizing highly non‐uniform textures, or ones with spatially varying orientation, is a considerably more challenging task, which so far has remained underexplored. In this paper, we propose a new method for automatic analysis and controlled synthesis of such textures. Given an input texture exemplar, our method generates a source guidance map comprising: (i) a scalar progression channel that attempts to capture the low frequency spatial changes in color, lighting, and local pattern combined, and (ii) a direction field that captures the local dominant orientation of the texture. Having augmented the texture exemplar with this guidance map, users can exercise better control over the synthesized result by providing easily specified target guidance maps, which are used to constrain the synthesis process.
Expression and Distribution of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Flk-1 in the Rat Pituitary

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) acts primarily as an endothelial cell mitogen via the specific receptors Flk-1 and Flt-1. To help further define the possible role of VEGF in the control of pituitary cell function, we examined Flk-1 expression in normal rat pituitaries and in GH3 cells. Flk-1 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and double-labeling immunofluorescence combined with confocal laser microscopy. In normal rat pituitaries, Flk-1-immunoreactive cells appeared widely distributed only in the anterior lobe and were not detected in the intermediate or posterior lobe. Apart from the adenohypophysial cells, Flk-1 immunopositivity was also evident in endothelial cells of many capillaries distributed throughout the gland. Immunohistochemistry also showed that majority of GH3 cells expressed Flk-1 protein. In situ hybridization showed conclusive staining with the antisense probe and confirmed the immunohistochemical results. The double immunofluorescence method revealed Flk-1 expression in all types of hormone-producing adenohypophysial cells but not in folliculostellate cells. The percentage of immunopositive cells varied among the various cell types. The present study demonstrates that pituitary cells are not only sources of VEGF but also targets of this multifunctional substance, supporting the concept that VEGF functions as an autocrine/paracrine factor in the pituitary.
Combined Carcinoid Tumor and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lung: Expanding the Spectrum of Combined Tumors of Lung

Combined lung cancers containing both small cell and non—small cell carcinoma elements are uncommon but well recognized. Lung tumors with neuroendocrine differentiation form a group of histologically distinct tumors with differing clinical behavior ranging from low-grade tumors with good prognosis (typical carcinoid) to intermediate-grade tumors (atypical carcinoid) to high-grade tumors with poor prognosis (small cell carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine tumors). The authors report clinical findings and pathologic findings in a case of combined carcinoid tumor and squamous cell carcinoma of lung. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of such a case in the peer reviewed literature, thus broadening the spectrum of combined lung tumors.
Enhancing Critical Reflective Practice in Fieldwork Education: An Exploratory Study of the Role of Social Work Agencies in the Welfare Context of Hong Kong

In recent decades, it is observed that social work agencies have participated actively, and thus, have gradually been more influential in social work education in Hong Kong. The neo-liberal welfare ideologies and changing funding mode have transformed the landscape in social work practice and have also had a major influence on the fieldwork environment in Hong Kong. The aim of this research is to explore the educational role of social work agencies and examine in particular whether they are able to enhance or hinder critical reflective learning in fieldwork. In-depth interviews with 15 frontline social workers and managers in different social work agencies were conducted to collect their views and experience in helping social work students in fieldwork. The overall findings revealed that under the current social welfare context most social workers consider that the most important role of social work agencies in fieldwork is to help students prepare to fit-in the practice requirements and work within agencies’ boundary. The fit-for-purpose and down-to-earth view of fieldwork practice is seen as prevalent among most social workers. This narrow perception of agency’s role seems to be more favourable to competence-based approaches. In contrast, though critical reflection has been seen as important in addressing the changing needs of service users, the role of enhancing critical reflective learning has not been clearly expected or understood by most agency workers. The notion of critical reflection, if considered, has been narrowly perceived in fieldwork learning. The findings suggest that the importance of critical reflection is found to be subordinate to that of practice competence. The lack of critical reflection in the field is somehow embedded in the competence-based social work practice. In general, social work students’ critical reflection has not been adequately supported or enhanced in fieldwork agencies, nor critical reflective practice has been encouraged in fieldwork process. To address this situation, the role of social work agencies in fieldwork should be re-examined. To maximise critical reflective learning in the field, critical reflection as an avowed objective in fieldwork learning should be clearly stated. Concrete suggestions are made to help fieldwork agencies become more prepared to critical reflective learning. It is expected that the research can help social work communities to reflect upon the current realities of fieldwork context and to identify ways to strengthen agencies’ capacities to enhance critical reflective learning and practice of social work students. Keywords—Competence-based social work, fieldwork, neo-liberal welfare, critical reflective learning. Yee-May Chan is with the Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University (phone: 852-34112005; fax: 852-34117145; e-mail: emaychan@ hkbu.edu.hk).
The Impact of Death Education on Fear of Death and Death Anxiety Among Human Services Students

Human services professionals will undoubtedly work with the dying and bereaved populations at one time or other. Yet, they are poorly prepared to do so since death education, that is, lessons about the human and emotional aspects of death, its implications, and subsequent bereavement issues, is often not part of their curriculum. This nonequivalent comparison group study (N = 86) examined death fear and death anxiety among human services students before and after receiving death education using the Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale. The results showed a statistically significant decrease in death anxiety among the group of students who participated in death education compared to those who did not.
[Residual chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in the eggs and adipose tissue of wild birds].

In 1983 and 1984, in the State Veterinary Institute at Jihlava, 129 samples of eggs of wild birds of 14 species were analyzed coming from different regions of the Czech Socialist Republic for the presence of residues of chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Apart from this, nine samples of hawk fat and 27 samples of buzzard fat were examined. The method of gas chromatography with a detector of electron capture was used for the analysis. The analyzed samples were found to contain residues of PCB, DDT (and mainly its metabolite DDE), HCB, alpha-HCH, gamma-HCH. No residues of other chlorinated carbohydrates were detected. The residue levels of these substances in the eggs and fatty tissues of different species of wild birds vary within a very wide range. A significant influence is exerted on these levels by the differences in food spectrum, the age of the birds, lack of food causing mobilization of food reserves, and mainly the environment where the birds live. The highest levels of residues were found in the eggs and fatty tissues of predatory birds with a narrow spectrum of food, i.e. those feeding on other birds (sparrow-hawk 33.00 mg.kg-1 in the dry matter of eggs, hawk 239.98 mg.kg-1 in fat) or those associated with water (great crested grebe 11.97 mg.kg-1, sea-gull 11.24 mg.kg-1 in the dry matter of eggs). Much lower levels of the residues of the chemicals were recorded in the species feeding mainly on small rodents (kestrel 0.681 mg.kg-1, buzzard 2.456 mg.kg-1 in the dry matter of eggs and 11.398 mg.kg-1 in fat). Some of the samples under study contained dead embryos. These embryos had particularly high residue levels, often higher than the levels regarded in literature as toxic.
The association between caregiver distress and individual neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of dementia constitute one of the most related factors to caregiver burden and patients' early institutionalization. Few studies in Brazil have examined which symptoms are associated with higher levels of caregiver distress. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the caregiver distress related to individual NPS in familial caregivers of patients with dementia. We also examined which caregiver and patient factors predict caregiver distress associated with NPS. METHODS One hundred and fifty-nine familial caregiver and dementia outpatient dyads were included. The majority of the patients had a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (66.7%). Caregivers were assessed with a sociodemographic questionnaire, Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories, and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory – Distress Scale. Patients were submitted to the Mini-Mental State Examination, Functional Activities Questionnaire, and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Spearman's rank correlation was used to assess the relationships between the continuous variables. Multiple linear regression analyses with backward stepping were performed to assess the ability of caregiver and patient characteristics to predict levels of caregiver distress associated with NPS. RESULTS Apathy (M=1.9; SD=1.8), agitation (M=1.3; SD=1.8), and aberrant motor behavior (AMB) (M=1.2; SD=1.7) were the most distressful NPS. The frequency/severity of NPS was the strongest factor associated with caregiver distress (rho=0.72; p<0.05). CONCLUSION The early recognition and management of apathy, agitation and AMB in dementia patients by family members and health professionals may lead to better care and quality of life for both patients and caregivers.
Hippocampal sclerosis in children with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy: detection with MR imaging.

OBJECTIVE Hippocampal sclerosis is the most common lesion associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. Temporal lobectomy is effective for the control of medically refractory seizures in these patients. Before the advent of MR imaging, hippocampal sclerosis was rarely diagnosed preoperatively. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of hippocampal sclerosis in children with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy and the accuracy and reliability with which hippocampal sclerosis can be diagnosed on the basis of MR findings in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the MR images of 53 children (mean age, 10 years) with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. The MR images were reviewed blindly and independently by two radiologists on two occasions, and were classified as showing hippocampal sclerosis, other lesions, or no abnormality. Hippocampal sclerosis was diagnosed when evidence of hippocampal atrophy was present or hippocampal signal intensity was abnormal without evidence of a mass lesion. RESULTS MR images showed hippocampal sclerosis in 30 children (57%), other lesions in 10 (19%) (tumors in eight, cavernous angioma in one, and ectopic gray matter in one), and no abnormality in 13 (24%) (intraobserver agreement: kappa = 0.77 and 0.84, interobserver agreement: kappa = 0.76). MR lateralization was concordant with ictal EEG in 36 (92%) of 39 children. Hippocampal sclerosis was bilateral in one child and associated with extrahippocampal lesions in nine. Hippocampal sclerosis was detected on MR images of 11 (85%) of 13 children with pathologic confirmation of hippocampal sclerosis. Beneficial results were seen in 26 (90%) of 29 children who had temporal lobectomy. CONCLUSION Hippocampal sclerosis is the most common lesion in children with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy, and it can be detected reliably and accurately on MR images. We suspect that hippocampal sclerosis is underdiagnosed in children, possibly leading to postponement of surgery in children with refractory seizures.
Functional Analysis of Antibodies against Dengue Virus Type 4 Reveals Strain-Dependent Epitope Exposure That Impacts Neutralization and Protection

ABSTRACT Although prior studies have characterized the neutralizing activities of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against dengue virus (DENV) serotypes 1, 2, and 3 (DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3), few reports have assessed the activity of MAbs against DENV-4. Here, we evaluated the inhibitory activity of 81 new mouse anti-DENV-4 MAbs. We observed strain- and genotype-dependent differences in neutralization of DENV-4 by MAbs mapping to epitopes on domain II (DII) and DIII of the envelope (E) protein. Several anti-DENV-4 MAbs inefficiently inhibited at least one strain and/or genotype, suggesting that the exposure or sequence of neutralizing epitopes varies within isolates of this serotype. Remarkably, flavivirus cross-reactive MAbs, which bound to the highly conserved fusion loop in DII and inhibited infection of DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3, more weakly neutralized five different DENV-4 strains encompassing the genetic diversity of the serotype after preincubation at 37°C. However, increasing the time of preincubation at 37°C or raising the temperature to 40°C enhanced the potency of DII fusion loop-specific MAbs and some DIII-specific MAbs against DENV-4 strains. Prophylaxis studies in two new DENV-4 mouse models showed that neutralization titers of MAbs after preincubation at 37°C correlated with activity in vivo. Our studies establish the complexity of MAb recognition against DENV-4 and suggest that differences in epitope exposure relative to other DENV serotypes affect antibody neutralization and protective activity.