Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An evidence-based review: helmet efficacy to reduce head injury and mortality in motorcycle crashes: EAST practice management guidelines.

According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Association, in 2008, 5,290 motorcyclists died and 96,000 were injured. Motorcycles make up 3% of all registered vehicles in the United States and account for only 0.4% of all vehicle miles traveled. However, motorcycle crashes accounted for 10% of all motor vehicle crash fatalities, and per mile traveled, motor cycle crashes are 37 times more lethal than automobile crashes. Head injuries are one of the most common injuries after motorcycle crashes and were estimated to be the cause of death in 50% of these fatalities. In close to a third of these victims, the head injury is the sole organ system that is injured. However, in the majority of patients, estimated as high as 90% of some patient cohorts, a head injury is present along with other injuries. Despite these facts, it is estimated that only 50% of motorcyclists routinely wear helmets. It was intuitive even to our earliest ancestors that a hard shell would protect the head from injury. However, establishing the effectiveness of the motorcycle helmet remains a challenging effort especially in light of the powerful opposition to universal helmet laws. Furthermore, quantifying the protective effect of helmets supports the promotion of helmet programs regardless of the controversial nature of legislative efforts. In the United States, an increasing recognition that helmet use is associated with reductions in fatalities without apparent harm increased the implementation of universal helmet laws. In response to the 1966 Federal Highway Act, which withheld federal funds from states that did not enact a helmet law, Georgia became the first state to enact a mandatory universal motorcycle helmet law in 1967. By 1975, 47 of the 50 states had universal helmet laws. However, public and political concerns over individual rights versus public safety opened a new debate. In the following years, political changes reversed and/or limited previous sanctions and grants that encouraged states to enact universal helmet laws, which further eroded support for helmet laws. An increasing number of states either repealed their mandatory laws altogether or significantly reduced the laws to apply only to minors. At present, only 20 states have universal helmet laws, another 26 states require only partial coverage, and 4 states have no helmet laws (Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, and New Hampshire). A large volume of literature has quantified the consequences of not wearing a helmet while riding a motorcycle. Although motorcycle riding and registration are increasing and more states with universal helmet laws are introducing bills to repeal their laws, the debate continues on the personal advantages of helmet usage. Therefore, we have reviewed the literature and summarize the evidence basis for the use of motorcycle helmets. In particular, we have sought to assess the impact of helmet use on overall mortality, head injuryrelated mortality, nonlethal head injury after a motorcycle crash, and the impact universal helmet laws on helmet use.
Exploring the Risk Factors of Interactive E-Health Interventions for Digital Addiction

Digital Addiction refers to a problematic usage of digital devices characterised by being excessive, compulsive, impulsive and hasty. It is often associated with negative life experience such as anxiety and depression. To combat Digital Addiction, interactive e-health intervention applications started to appear to aid users adjust their usage style. The present study aims to understand the risks related to such e-health interventions. The authors conducted an empirical research to investigate such risks from users' perspectives through a diary study. Fourteen participants were recruited and asked to install popular “digital diet” applications and use them for two weeks and record their significant moments. The authors then interviewed the participants to discuss their experience. Self-governed interactive e-health intervention for digital addiction could lead to adverse side effects such as lower self-esteem, misconception of the healthy usage and creating an alternative addictive experience. Thus, there is a need for theory-based development and rigorous testing for such e-health solutions.
Avaliação dos parâmetros metabólicos (colesterol, triglicérides e glicemia) e pressão arterial sistólica em cães obesos: antes e após 30 dias de restrição calórica

A obesidade e definida como o acumulo excessivo de tecido adiposo corporeo de origem multifatorial e cronico, associados determinantes poligenicos e neuroendocrinos a fatores ambientais e sociais. Tem como base do tratamento a utilizacao de terapia nutricional, alem do exercicio fisico.
Comorbidity of Medical Illnesses Among Adults With Serious Mental Illness Who Are Receiving Community Psychiatric Services

We studied the medical comorbidity among individuals with serious mental illness who were receiving community-based psychiatric treatment. A total of 200 psychiatric outpatients divided between those with schizophrenia and affective disorder diagnoses were recruited from samples receiving outpatient care at two psychiatric centers. Interviews used questions from national health surveys. Logistic regression analyses compared responses from each sample with those of matched subsets of individuals from the general population. Both patient groups had greater odds of having many medical conditions. The odds of respiratory illnesses remained elevated in the patient groups even after controlling for smoking, as did the odds of diabetes in the affective disorder group after controlling for weight. Persons with serious mental illness who are in outpatient care are more likely to have comorbid medical conditions than persons in the general population. The odds of diabetes, lung diseases, and liver problems are particularly elevated. These findings underscore the need for intensified preventive health interventions and medical services for this population.
The discriminative stimulus properties of cyclazocine: generalization studies involving nalorphine, morphine and LSD.

Rats learned to discriminate cyclazocine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) from saline using a two-lever operant (FR-4) procedure within 10 sessions under each drug condition. The cyclazocine discriminative stimulus (DS) was both dose- and time-related, being antagonized by naloxone at doses approximately 80 times that necessary to block the discriminative stimulus effect of morphine. Cyclazocine also generalized to nalorphine, but not to morphine, pentazocine or LSD. These data suggest that cyclazocine produced DS control of behavior by acting at CNS sites different from those affected by morphine or LSD.
Machine learning (decision tree analysis) identifies ecological selectivity patterns across the end-Permian mass extinction

Decision tree algorithms are rarely utilized in paleontological research, and here we show that machine learning algorithms can be used to identify determinants of extinction as well as predict extinction risk. This application of decision tree algorithms is important because the ecological selectivity of mass extinctions can reveal critical information on organismic traits as key determinants of extinction and hence the causes of extinction. To understand which factors led to the mass extinction of life during an extreme global warming event, we quantified the ecological selectivity of marine extinctions in the well-studied South China region during the end-Permian mass extinction using the categorized gradient boosting algorithm. We find that extinction selectivity varies between different groups of organisms and that a synergy of multiple environmental stressors best explains the overall end-Permian extinction selectivity pattern. Extinction risk was greater for genera that were limited to deep-water habitats, had a stationary mode of life, possessed a siliceous skeleton or, less critically, had calcitic skeletons. These selective losses directly link the extinction to the environmental effects of rapid injections of carbon dioxide into the ocean-atmosphere system, specifically the combined effects of expanded oxygen minimum zones, rapid warming, and ocean acidification.
Lay Judgments of Judicial Decision Makingjels

This study examined laypeople’s evaluations of judicial decision making, specifically of the judicial decision-making process and the judiciary’s legitimacy. Seven-hundred participants were presented with three judicial decisions, which were portrayed as following on the heels of solid and appropriate legal procedure. Each decision was accompanied by one of four types of reasoning. Participants were asked to evaluate the acceptability of the decisions, focusing on the manner in which they were made and to evaluate the legitimacy of the decisionmaker, all regardless of their outcomes. The study yielded four findings. First, laypeople’s judgments were highly contingent on the outcome of the judges’ decisions. Consistent with the theory of motivated reasoning, participants found the decisions highly acceptable when they agreed with the judges’ decision, but deemed them relatively unacceptable when they disagreed with them. Second, participants were indifferent to the modes of reasoning offered by the judges when they agreed with the outcomes of the decisions, but were differentially sensitive to the modes of reasoning when the judges’ decisions frustrated their preferred outcomes. Third, when participants were sensitive to the modes of reasoning, they gave higher ratings of acceptability to decisions that openly admitted to good reasons on both sides of the case as compared with decisions accompanied by reasons that supported one side of the case exclusively. Giving no reasons at all was found to be more acceptable than giving a single, curt reason. Fourth, the findings replicated the coherence effect. Implications for the legitimacy of the judiciary are discussed.
Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Amac: Bu calismanin amaci, ankilozan spondilit (AS) hasta- larindaki inflamasyon ile notrofil-lenfosit orani (NLO) arasindaki iliskiyi belirlemektir. Yontem: Ankilozan spondilit tanili 40 hasta ve 30 saglikli gonullu calismaya dahil edildi. Tum veriler yatan ve polik- linik hasta kayit veritabanindan elde edildi. Tum olgularin Bath Ankilozan Spondilit Hastalik Aktivite Indeksi (BAS- DAI), tam kan sayimi (TKS), CRP ve ESH'i da kapsiyan ayrin- tili fizik muayene ve laboratuvar bulgulari kaydedildi. Lenfosit ve notrofil sayisi otomatik TKS'nin bir parcasi olarak olculdu. Bulgular: Akut- faz reaktani olan CRP ve ESH kontrol gru- buna gore hasta grubunda anlamli olarak daha yuksekti (p 0.05). Sonuc: Bu calismada NLO duzeylerinin AS hastalarinda saglikli bireylere gore anlamli olarak yuksek olmadigi goruldu. Bu sonuc NLO'nun AS hastalarinda sistemik inf- lamasyonu degerlendirmede uygun bir olcu birimi olmadi- gini gotermektedir. Bizim elde ettigimiz bu on sonuclarin daha ileri calismalarla tamamlanmasi gerektigine inaniyo- ruz. Objective: The purpose of the present study is to determine the association between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Method: Forty patients with ankylosing spondylitis and 30 healthy volunteers were included in the study. All data were obtained from patient registry database from in-patient and out-patient clinics. Detailed physical examination, and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) were recorded. Complete blood count (CBC), CRP and ESR were performed recorded as laboratory tests in all participants. Lymphocyte and neutrophil counts were measured as part of the automated CBC. Results: The CRP, which is an acute-phase reactant, and ESR were significantly higher in the patient group than those in the control group (p0.05). Conclusion: We observed that NLR levels weren't significantly higher in AS patients compared to healthy individuals. NLR hasn't seem a reasonable measure to detect systemic inflam- mation in AS patients. We believe that our preliminary results need to be complemented with further studies.
Sleep schedules and peak times of oral temperature and alertness in morning and evening 'types'.

Abstract The relation between circadian variables (oral temperature and subjective alertness) and sleep-awake schedules was explored as a function of a subjective preference index (Home and Ostberg 1976) which classifies subjects as ’morning’ or ‘evening’ type. Measurements of oral temperature and self-assessed alertness were obtained every 3 hours from rising time to bedtime over a 2 week period in 49 medical students. Sleep logs were kept by the students during the same period. Sleep schedules and alertness peak time, as well as the relative temporal location of alertness peak time and temperature peak time, differed in relation to the Home and Ostberg index. These results suggest that in normal conditions the coupling between temperature circadian rhythm and sleep-awake cycle differs in morning types and evening types.
Rhinovirus in Otitis Media with Effusion

We studied rhinovirus in the middle ear fluid of 61 children with subacute or chronic otitis media with effusion. Rhinovirus was recovered from the middle ear fluid of 5 children with subacute otitis media with effusion. The minimum duration of effusion was 32 to 60 days. Additionally, 1 patient had middle ear fluid that was positive for adenovirus. Bacterial pathogens were cultured from the middle ear fluid of 20 of 61 patients. Our finding that rhinovirus can be isolated from middle ear fluid after an asymptomatic period of several weeks suggests its possible role in the development of otitis media with effusion.
Studies on Cercariae from Kuwait Bay. X. Description and surface topography of Cercaria kuwaitae X sp. n. (Digenea: Renicolidae).

A new renicolid cercaria, Cercaria kuwaitae X sp. n. , from the prosobranch gastropod Cerithium scabridum from Kuwait Bay is described. The new cercaria is nonstyleted gymnocephalous with voluminous Y-shaped excretory vesicle, flame cell formula 2[(3 + 3 + 3) + (3 + 3 + 3)] = 36, and without caudal fins. Surface topography of the new cercaria is studied by scanning electron microscopy. Domed papillae are abundant on the anterior and lateral aspects of the body, ciliated papillae are sparse dorsally. The ventral sucker bears nine domed papillae. Domed papillae form two circles around the oral sucker with three circles of spines in between. This is the first renicolid cercaria to be recorded in a gastropod from the Arabian Gulf region.
Activation of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α enhances cell death in cultured cerebellar granule cells

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPARα) is a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. In rodents, PPARα alters genes involved in cell cycle regulation in hepatocytes. Some of these genes are implicated in neuronal cell death. Therefore, in this study, we examined the toxicological consequence of PPARα activation in rat primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons. Our studies demonstrated the presence of PPARα mRNA in cultures by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. After 10 days in vitro, cerebellar granule neuron cultures were incubated with the selective PPARα activator 4‐chloro‐6‐(2,3‐xylidino)2‐pyrimidinylthioacetic acid (Wy‐14,643). The inherent toxicity of Wy‐14,643 and the effect of PPARα activation following toxic stimuli were assessed. In these studies, neurotoxicity was induced through reduction of extracellular [KCl] from 25 mM to 5.36 mM. We observed no inherent toxicity of Wy‐14,643 (24 hr) in cultured cerebellar granule cells. However, after reduction of [KCl], cerebellar granule cell cultures incubated with Wy‐14,643 showed significantly greater toxicity than controls. These results suggest a posssible role for PPARα in augmentation of cerebellar granule neuronal death after toxic stimuli. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:236–241, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complete resolution of pulmonary Rhizopus oryzae infection with itraconazole treatment: more evidence of the utility of azoles for zygomycosis

Zygomycosis often requires aggressive surgical and antifungal therapy. We report a non‐neutropenic patient with myelodysplastic syndrome and iron overload receiving cytotoxic therapy who presented with pulmonary Rhizopus oryzae infection. This patient was cured through the use of itraconazole alone and the literature on the utility of azole antifungals for zygomycosis is reviewed.
Repolr : an R package for fitting proportional-odds models to repeated ordinal scores

Modelling repeated ordinal score data is a common statistical problem, across many application areas. The proportional-odds model is widely applied to such repeated ordinal scores and can be fitted in the repolr package (repeated measures proportional odds logistic regression) in R using the method of generalized estimating equations (GEE). The GEE approach specifies a model for the mean of the correlated observations within clusters of repeated scores for each individual without fully specifying the joint distribution of the observations. This paper describes the core features of package repolr, which has undergone extensive changes since the first release in 2008, for the first time. A number of example datasets and extensive R code are used to illustrate a range of data analysis tasks that users of repolr may typically wish to undertake.
Reliability of the ALPHA Health-Related Fitness Test Battery in Adolescents With Down Syndrome

Abstract Tejero-Gonzalez, CMª, Martinez-Gomez, D, Bayon-Serna, J, Izquierdo-Gomez, R, Castro-Piñero, J, and Veiga OL. Reliability of the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery in adolescents with Down syndrome. J Strength Cond Res 27(11): 3221–3224, 2013—The Assessing Levels of Physical Activity (ALPHA) health-related fitness test battery is a set of reliable, valid, and feasible tests to assess health-related physical fitness in children and in adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of this battery in adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). The extended ALPHA health-related fitness test battery was performed twice within 1 month in 17 apparently healthy adolescents, aged 12–18 years, with DS who had an intelligence quotient ≥35. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determinate test-retest reliability, and nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare mean differences between measurements. With the exception of subscapular skinfold test, which obtained a moderate agreement (ICC = 0.64), all tests had a very high reliability: the 20-m shuttle-run test (ICC = 0.86), the right handgrip strength test (ICC = 0.86), the left handgrip strength test (ICC = 0.86), the standing broad jump test (ICC = 0.85), body mass index (ICC = 0.95), waist circumference (ICC = 0.98), triceps skinfold (ICC = 0.85), and the 4 × 10-m shuttle-run test (ICC = 0.92). There were no significant differences (all p > 0.05) in any of the tests. The ALPHA health-related fitness battery is reliable for measuring health-related components of fitness in adolescents with DS.
RECQ1 Helicase Interacts with Human Mismatch Repair Factors That Regulate Genetic Recombination*[boxs]

Understanding the molecular and cellular functions of RecQ helicases has attracted considerable interest since several human diseases characterized by premature aging and/or cancer have been genetically linked to mutations in genes of the RecQ family. Although a human disease has not yet been genetically linked to a mutation in RECQ1, the prominent roles of RecQ helicases in the maintenance of genome stability suggest that RECQ1 helicase is likely to be important in vivo.To acquire a better understanding of RECQ1 cellular and molecular functions, we have investigated its protein interactions. Using a co-immunoprecipitation approach, we have identified several DNA repair factors that are associated with RECQ1 in vivo. Direct physical interaction of these repair factors with RECQ1 was confirmed with purified recombinant proteins. Importantly, RECQ1 stimulates the incision activity of human exonuclease 1 and the mismatch repair recognition complex MSH2/6 stimulates RECQ1 helicase activity. These protein interactions suggest a role of RECQ1 in a pathway involving mismatch repair factors. Regulation of genetic recombination, a proposed role for RecQ helicases, is supported by the identified RECQ1 protein interactions and is discussed.
Three-month stability of delay and probability discounting measures.

Psychopharmacologists are interested in delay and probability discounting because the tendency to discount the value of future and uncertain rewards has been linked with drug dependency. However, relatively little is known about the long-term stability of discounting measures typically studied in clinical psychopharmacology. To evaluate the stability of discounting over a 3-month period, the authors compared points of subjective equality (indifference points) with those collected from the same subjects 3 months earlier. Seven delay periods, ranging from 1 week to 25 years, and 7 probability values, ranging from . 95 to . 05, were assessed in an undergraduate sample (n=22, delay discounting; n=18, probability discounting). The authors examined both differential stability (stability of individual differences) and absolute stability (stability of the group mean) of delay and probability discounting measures as well as their respective indifference points. The results demonstrate that standard delay and probability discounting parameters (e.g., hyperbolic k and area under the curve) had both differential stability and absolute stability across 3 months. Moreover, most indifference points in the delay and probability discounting tasks demonstrated both differential and absolute stability. All together, these results suggest that delay and probability parameters are stable enough to predict future behavior, such as substance abuse. Additional findings indicated that a hyperbolic function fitted the data better than an exponential function and that delay and probability discounting parameters were not significantly correlated.