Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-time video kinematic evaluation of the in situ beating right ventricle after pulmonary valve replacement in patients with tetralogy of Fallot: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVES The timing for pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) after tetralogy of Fallot repair is controversial, due to limitations in estimating right ventricular dysfunction and recovery. Intraoperative imaging could add prognostic information, but transoesophageal echocardiography is unsuitable for exploring right heart function. Right ventricular function after PVR was investigated in real time using a novel video-based contactless kinematic evaluation technology (Vi.Ki.E.), which calculates cardiac fatigue and energy consumption. METHODS Six consecutive patients undergoing PVR at 13.8 ± 2.6 years (range, 6.9-19.8) after the repair of tetralogy of Fallot were enrolled. Mean right ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume at magnetic resonance imaging were 115.6 ± 16.2 ml/m2 and 61.5 ± 14.6 ml/m2, respectively. Vi.Ki. E. uses a fast-resolution camera placed 45 cm above the open chest, recording cardiac kinematics before and after PVR. An algorithm defines cardiac parameters, such as energy, fatigue, maximum contraction velocity and tissue displacement. RESULTS There were no perioperative complications, with patients discharged in satisfactory clinical conditions after 7 ± 2 days (range, 5-9). Vi.Ki. E. parameters describing right ventricular dysfunction decreased significantly after surgery: energy consumption by 45% [271 125 ± 9422 (mm/s)2 vs 149 202 ± 11 980 (mm/s)2, P = 0.0001], cardiac fatigue by 12% (292 671 ± 29 369 mm/s2 vs 258 755 ± 42 750 mm/s2, P = 0.01), contraction velocity by 54% (3412 ± 749 mm/s vs 1579 ± 400 mm/s, P = 0.0007) and displacement by 23% (27 ± 4 mm vs 21 ± 4 mm, P = 0.01). Patients undergoing PVR at lower end-diastolic volumes, had greater functional recovery of Vi.Ki. E. parameters. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative Vi.Ki. E shows immediate recovery of right ventricular mechanics after PVR with less cardiac fatigue and energy consumption, providing novel insights that may have a prognostic relevance for functional recovery.
If You Shared My Happiness, You Are Part of Me: Capitalization and the Experience of Couple Identity

The way in which individuals react to a partner’s disclosure of positive news (capitalization response) is associated with relational well-being. Two studies analyzed the role of couple identity in explaining the association between perceived capitalization responses and relationship quality. A daily diary study (n = 90 couples) revealed that on days people perceived their partners’ responses as active-constructive, they reported higher levels of couple identity. A longitudinal two-wave study (n = 169 couples) showed that couple identity mediated the link between active-constructive (for both women and men) and passive-destructive responses (only for men) and relationship quality. Overall, our findings suggest that the experience of the partner’s involvement and support in good times contribute to a sense of couple identity, which over the long turn, is associated with partners’ relational well-being.
An Anti-CD3 Antibody, Teplizumab, in Relatives at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes.

BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease that leads to destruction of insulin-producing beta cells and dependence on exogenous insulin for survival. Some interventions have delayed the loss of insulin production in patients with type 1 diabetes, but interventions that might affect clinical progression before diagnosis are needed. METHODS We conducted a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of teplizumab (an Fc receptor-nonbinding anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody) involving relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes who did not have diabetes but were at high risk for development of clinical disease. Patients were randomly assigned to a single 14-day course of teplizumab or placebo, and follow-up for progression to clinical type 1 diabetes was performed with the use of oral glucose-tolerance tests at 6-month intervals. RESULTS A total of 76 participants (55 [72%] of whom were ≤18 years of age) underwent randomization - 44 to the teplizumab group and 32 to the placebo group. The median time to the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was 48.4 months in the teplizumab group and 24.4 months in the placebo group; the disease was diagnosed in 19 (43%) of the participants who received teplizumab and in 23 (72%) of those who received placebo. The hazard ratio for the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (teplizumab vs. placebo) was 0.41 (95% confidence interval, 0.22 to 0.78; P = 0.006 by adjusted Cox proportional-hazards model). The annualized rates of diagnosis of diabetes were 14.9% per year in the teplizumab group and 35.9% per year in the placebo group. There were expected adverse events of rash and transient lymphopenia. TIGIT+KLRG1+CD8+ T cells were more common in the teplizumab group than in the placebo group. Among the participants who were HLA-DR3-negative, HLA-DR4-positive, or anti-zinc transporter 8 antibody-negative, fewer participants in the teplizumab group than in the placebo group had diabetes diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS Teplizumab delayed progression to clinical type 1 diabetes in high-risk participants. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01030861.).
Association of Tobacco Control Policies With Youth Smoking Onset in Chile.

Importance Tobacco smoking is still responsible for more than 6 million preventable deaths annually, most of which occur in low- and middle-income countries. South American countries, Chile in particular, endure some of the highest cigarette smoking prevalence rates globally. Despite the lack of any meaningful increases in cigarette taxes (the most effective tobacco control measure) between 1999 and 2014, cigarette prices in Chile increased sharply almost entirely driven by British American Tobacco (BAT). Objective To examine the associations between cigarette prices and nonprice tobacco control policies targeted at youth introduced in 2006 (Law 20105) and smoking onset among Chilean youths. Design, Setting, and Participants This study used data from 8 waves of a large national school survey of urban communities in Chile conducted between October and December in 2001, 2003, 2015, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, and 2015 and discrete-time hazard models. Data analysis was performed from May 2017 to January 2019. Exposures Prices, advertising, and retail restrictions. Main Outcomes and Measures Smoking onset (the transition between never smoking and smoking) in youth. Results In this study of 181 624 survey respondents in 8751 Chilean secondary schools, higher prices (own-price elasticity [percentage change in quantity demanded in response to a 1% change in price], -0.40; 95% CI, -0.45 to -0.36) and the tobacco control policies enacted in 2006 (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.81-0.85) were associated with lower hazards of starting smoking. The study found that an increase in real prices of 58.6% and the introduction of Law 20105 were associated with similar lower hazards of starting smoking (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.81-0.85); in comparison, between 1999 and 2017, inflation-adjusted cigarette prices increased by 206%. Conclusions and Relevance The findings suggest that higher prices initiated by BAT and the tobacco control policies enacted by the Ministry of Health in 2006 were associated with lower hazards of starting smoking in Chilean youth. Large cigarette tax increases may be a strategy that can be used to help reduce smoking among youths in Chile.
Merkel cell polyomavirus oncoproteins induce microRNAs that suppress multiple autophagy genes

Viruses can inhibit host autophagy through multiple mechanisms, and evasion of autophagy plays an important role in immune suppression and viral oncogenesis. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) T‐antigens are expressed and involved in the pathogenesis of a large proportion of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Yet, how MCPyV induces tumorigenesis is not fully understood. Herein, we show that MCPyV T‐antigens induce miR‐375, miR‐30a‐3p and miR‐30a‐5p expressions, which target multiple key genes involved in autophagy, including ATG7, SQSTM1 (p62) and BECN1. In MCC tumors, low expression of ATG7 and p62 are associated with MCPyV‐positive tumors. Ectopic expression of MCPyV small T‐antigen and truncated large T‐antigen (LT), but not the wild‐type LT, resulted in autophagy suppression, suggesting the importance of autophagy evasion in MCPyV‐mediated tumorigenesis. Torin‐1 treatment induced cell death, which was attenuated by autophagy inhibitor, but not pan‐caspase inhibitor, suggesting a potential role of autophagy in promoting cell death in MCC. Conceptually, our study shows that MCPyV oncoproteins suppress autophagy to protect cancer cells from cell death, which contribute to a better understanding of MCPyV‐mediated tumorigenesis and potential MCC treatment.
Long-term effect of bariatric surgery versus conventional therapy in obese Korean patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study

Purpose Long-term results following bariatric surgery compared to conventional treatments has never been reported in morbidly obese Korean patients. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of bariatric surgery in morbidly obese Korean patients compared to conventional medical treatments. Methods In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we reviewed 137 obese subjects between January 2008 and February 2011 with a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 who had more than 5 years of follow-up clinical data after bariatric surgery (surgery group, n = 49) or conventional treatment (conventional treatment group, n = 88). Anthropometric data and the status of comorbidities were compared between the 2 groups. Results The median follow-up period was 72.1 months (range 19.3–109.7 months). At the last follow-up, the surgery group showed a greater amount of total weight loss than the conventional treatment group (24.9% vs. 2.8%, P < 0.001). The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension significantly decreased in the surgery group, while the conventional treatment group showed a marked increase in these comorbidities. In the surgery group, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy achieved comparable long-term weight loss (26.5% vs. 22.4%, respectively; P = 0.087). Conclusion In the long-term, bariatric surgery achieved and maintained significantly greater weight reduction, as well as a decrease in obesity-related comorbidities, than did conventional medical therapy in morbidly obese Korean patients.
Relationship between Device Performance, Trust and User Behaviour in a Care-taking Scenario

We present insights obtained from a web-based game designed to investigate trust-related factors in a care-taking scenario. The game is set in a retirement village, where elderly residents live in smart homes equipped with monitoring systems. These systems should raise alerts when adverse events happen, but they do not function perfectly (they may issue false alerts or miss true events). Players, who "work'' in the village, perform a primary task, whereby they must ensure the welfare of the residents by attending to adverse events in a timely manner, and a secondary routine task that demands their attention. Our contributions are (1) the game itself, which supports experimentation with various trust-related factors; (2) a methodology for the calibration of the game's parameters; (3) insights from two experiments regarding the relationship between device performance, in particular error type, and trust and user behaviour; and (4) insights from predictive models about factors that influence trust and aspects of user behaviour.
Touch as an auxiliary proprioceptive cue for movement control

Cutaneous stimuli from contact with objects provide auxiliary proprioceptive feedback for guiding actions. Recent studies extended the classical view that touch is mainly devoted to the perception of the external world. Perceptual tasks where the hand was stationary demonstrated that cutaneous stimuli from contact with objects provide the illusion of hand displacement. Here, we tested the hypothesis that touch provides auxiliary proprioceptive feedback for guiding actions. We used a well-established perceptual phenomenon to dissociate the estimates of reaching direction from touch and musculoskeletal proprioception. Participants slid their fingertip on a ridged plate to move toward a target without any visual feedback on hand location. Tactile motion estimates were biased by ridge orientation, inducing a systematic deviation in hand trajectories in accordance with our hypothesis. Results are in agreement with an ideal observer model, where motion estimates from different somatosensory cues are optimally integrated for the control of movement. These outcomes shed new light on the interplay between proprioception and touch in active tasks.
Linguistic Design of In-Vehicle Prompts in Adaptive Dialog Systems: An Analysis of Potential Factors Involved in the Perception of Naturalness

Against the background of current trends towards natural and adaptive in-vehicle Spoken Dialog Systems, this paper aims at evaluating potential factors involved in the perception of naturalness and comprehensibility of system prompts. By conducting an exploratory user study investigating various syntactic paraphrases, we were able to identify several system- and user-sided characteristics which should be considered in the design of system prompts. We conclude from our results that the choice of a syntactic structure for in-vehicle prompts is a relevant question and interestingly depends on several individual user characteristics, such as personality.
Triterpenoids and steroids from the fruiting bodies of Hexagonia tenuis and their cytotoxicity

Abstract One new triterpenoid, hexagonin F (1) was characterized from the fruiting bodies of Hexagonia tenuis with the assistance of spectroscopic and spectrometric analytical methods. In addition, two triterpenoids and two steroids were also identified by comparison of their physical and spectroscopic data with those reported. The purified compounds were examined for their cytotoxicity against five tumor cell lines, however, only weak cytotoxicity was demonstrated. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Beyond Explicit Reports: Comparing Data-Driven Approaches to Studying Underlying Dimensions of Music Preference

Prior research from the field of music psychology has suggested that there are factors common to music preference beyond individual genres. Specifically, research has shown that self-reported ratings of preference for individual musical genres can be reduced to 4 or 5 dimensions, which in turn have been shown to correlate to relevant psychological constructs, such as personality. However, the number of dimensions emerging from multiple studies has varied despite the care taken in conducting such research. Data-driven approaches offer opportunities to further this line of research with actual listening data, at a scale and scope surpassing that of traditional psychological studies. Although listening data can be considered more direct and comprehensive evidence of listening preference, transforming this data into meaningful measurements is non-trivial. In the current paper, we report on investigations seeking to find interpretable underlying dimensions of music taste, using implicit large-scale listening data. Offering a critical reflection on potential researchers' degrees of freedom, we adopt an explicit systematic approach, investigating the impact of varying different parameters, analysis, and normalization techniques. More precisely, we consider various ways to extract listening preference information from two large, openly available datasets of music listening behavior, making use of principal component analysis and variational autoencoders to extract potential underlying dimensions. Results and implications are discussed in light of prior psychological theory, and the potential of user listening data to further research on music preference.
Stochastic In-Face Frank-Wolfe Methods for Non-Convex Optimization and Sparse Neural Network Training

The Frank-Wolfe method and its extensions are well-suited for delivering solutions with desirable structural properties, such as sparsity or low-rank structure. We introduce a new variant of the Frank-Wolfe method that combines Frank-Wolfe steps and steepest descent steps, as well as a novel modification of the "Frank-Wolfe gap" to measure convergence in the non-convex case. We further extend this method to incorporate in-face directions for preserving structured solutions as well as block coordinate steps, and we demonstrate computational guarantees in terms of the modified Frank-Wolfe gap for all of these variants. We are particularly motivated by the application of this methodology to the training of neural networks with sparse properties, and we apply our block coordinate method to the problem of $\ell_1$ regularized neural network training. We present the results of several numerical experiments on both artificial and real datasets demonstrating significant improvements of our method in training sparse neural networks.
Surface group representations in ${\rm SL}_2({\mathbb C})$ with finite mapping class orbits

Given an oriented surface of positive genus with finitely many punctures, we classify the finite orbits of the mapping class group action on the moduli space of semisimple complex special linear rank two representations of the fundamental group of the surface. For surfaces of genus at least two, such orbits correspond to homomorphisms with finite image. For genus one, they correspond to the finite or special dihedral representations. We also obtain an analogous result for bounded orbits in the moduli space.
Tracking the Reflective Light Particles Spreading on the Cornea: An Emerging Assessment for Tear Film Homeostasis

Purpose To implement an emerging noninvasive approach for assessing the dynamic tear film (TF) homeostasis. Methods The video records of dynamic TF from 12 healthy orthokeratology lens wearers were obtained by a clinically available TF analyzer and decomposed as image sequences. The trajectories of TF particles were analyzed by two tracking models, the full-span model (FSM) and the fixed-duration model (FDM). FSM tracked a particle for a complete opening blink cycle, while FDM tracked 1 second of the same cycle. A power-law fitting operation \begin{document}\newcommand{\bialpha}{\boldsymbol{\alpha}}\newcommand{\bibeta}{\boldsymbol{\beta}}\newcommand{\bigamma}{\boldsymbol{\gamma}}\newcommand{\bidelta}{\boldsymbol{\delta}}\newcommand{\bivarepsilon}{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}\newcommand{\bizeta}{\boldsymbol{\zeta}}\newcommand{\bieta}{\boldsymbol{\eta}}\newcommand{\bitheta}{\boldsymbol{\theta}}\newcommand{\biiota}{\boldsymbol{\iota}}\newcommand{\bikappa}{\boldsymbol{\kappa}}\newcommand{\bilambda}{\boldsymbol{\lambda}}\newcommand{\bimu}{\boldsymbol{\mu}}\newcommand{\binu}{\boldsymbol{\nu}}\newcommand{\bixi}{\boldsymbol{\xi}}\newcommand{\biomicron}{\boldsymbol{\micron}}\newcommand{\bipi}{\boldsymbol{\pi}}\newcommand{\birho}{\boldsymbol{\rho}}\newcommand{\bisigma}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}\newcommand{\bitau}{\boldsymbol{\tau}}\newcommand{\biupsilon}{\boldsymbol{\upsilon}}\newcommand{\biphi}{\boldsymbol{\phi}}\newcommand{\bichi}{\boldsymbol{\chi}}\newcommand{\bipsi}{\boldsymbol{\psi}}\newcommand{\biomega}{\boldsymbol{\omega}}{\rm{MMS}}\left( t \right) = {\rm{\alpha }} \times {t^{ - {\rm{\beta }}}}\end{document} was used to extract homeostasis markers based on the tracking model for each subject. Results Comparing two tracking models (N = 6), only one subject had statistical difference in averaged momentary moving speed (MMS; P = 0.0488), while none had significant difference in averaged momentary moving direction (MMD). However, both models showed good correlations in average MMS (ρ = 0.94, P = 0.0048) and MMD (ρ = 1.00, P < 0.0001) and all extracted homeostasis markers [α, β, MMS(0.1), and MMS(2.0)]. Assessing interblink reliability in these markers under FDM tracking (N = 12), only one subject in the MMS (0.1) and another subject in the MMS (2.0) were outside 95% limits of agreement, respectively. Conclusions FDM is a good alternative to FSM and has tracking properties of higher efficiency and easier implementation. The homeostasis markers under FDM tracking showed a good interblink consistence; therefore this approach will be a promising method for analyzing dynamic TF homeostasis in future practice. Translational Relevance FDM analytical architecture can practice the past experimental platform on a TF analyzer to obtain homeostasis markers of TF.
Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection in Electron–Positron–Proton Plasmas: Implications for Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei

Magnetic reconnection is often invoked to explain the nonthermal radiation of relativistic outflows, including jets of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Motivated by the largely unknown plasma composition of AGN jets, we study reconnection in the unexplored regime of electron–positron–proton (pair-proton) plasmas with large-scale two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. We cover a wide range of pair multiplicities (lepton-to-proton number ratio κ = 1–199) for different values of the all-species plasma magnetization (σ = 1, 3, and 10) and electron temperature ( ). We focus on the dependence of the post-reconnection energy partition and lepton energy spectra on the hot pair plasma magnetization (i.e., the ratio of magnetic to pair enthalpy densities). We find that the post-reconnection energy is shared roughly equally between magnetic fields, pairs, and protons for ≳ 3. We empirically find that the mean lepton Lorentz factor in the post-reconnection region depends on σ, Θe, and as , for σ ≥ 1. The high-energy part of the post-reconnection lepton energy distributions can be described by a power law, whose slope is mainly controlled by for κ ≳ 3–6, with harder power laws obtained for higher magnetizations. We finally show that reconnection in pair-proton plasmas with multiplicities κ ∼ 1–20, magnetizations σ ∼ 1–10, and temperatures Θe ∼ 1–10 results in particle power-law slopes and average electron Lorentz factors that are consistent with those inferred in leptonic models of AGN jet emission.
Synthesizing 3D Shapes From Silhouette Image Collections Using Multi-Projection Generative Adversarial Networks

We present a new weakly supervised learning-based method for generating novel category-specific 3D shapes from unoccluded image collections. Our method is weakly supervised and only requires silhouette annotations from unoccluded, category-specific objects. Our method does not require access to the object’s 3D shape, multiple observations per object from different views, intra-image pixel correspondences, or any view annotations. Key to our method is a novel multi-projection generative adversarial network (MP-GAN) that trains a 3D shape generator to be consistent with multiple 2D projections of the 3D shapes, and without direct access to these 3D shapes. This is achieved through multiple discriminators that encode the distribution of 2D projections of the 3D shapes seen from a different views. Additionally, to determine the view information for each silhouette image, we also train a view prediction network on visualizations of 3D shapes synthesized by the generator. We iteratively alternate between training the generator and training the view prediction network. We validate our multi-projection GAN on both synthetic and real image datasets. Furthermore, we also show that multi-projection GANs can aid in learning other high-dimensional distributions from lower dimensional training datasets, such as material-class specific spatially varying reflectance properties from images.