Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An uncombed inversion of multiwavelength observations reproducing the net circular polarization in a sunspot’s penumbra

Context. The penumbra of sunspots has a complex magnetic field topology whose three-dimensional organization remains unclear after more than a century of investigation. Aims. I derive a geometrical model of the penumbral magnetic field topology from an uncombed inversion setup designed to reproduce the net circular polarization (NCP) of simultaneous spectra in near-infrared (IR; 1.56 μm) and visible (VIS; 630 nm) spectral lines. Methods. I inverted the co-spatial spectra of five photospheric lines with a model that mimicked vertically interlaced magnetic fields with two distinct components, labeled background field and flow channels because of their characteristic properties (flow velocity, field inclination). The flow channels were modeled as a perturbation of the constant background field with a Gaussian shape using the SIRGAUS code. The location and extension of the Gaussian perturbation in the optical depth scale retrieved by the inversion code were then converted to a geometrical height scale. By estimating the geometrical size of the flow channels, I investigated the relative amount of magnetic flux in the flow channels and the background field atmosphere. Results. The uncombed model is able to reproduce the NCP well on the limb side of the spot and less successfully on the center side; the VIS lines are better reproduced than the near-IR lines. I find that the Evershed flow happens along nearly horizontal field lines close to the solar surface given by optical depth unity. The magnetic flux that is related to the flow channels constitutes about 20-50% of the total magnetic flux in the penumbra. Conclusions. The gradients that can be produced by a Gaussian perturbation are too small for a perfect reproduction of the NCP in the IR lines with their small formation height range, where a step function seems to be required. Two peculiarities of the observed NCP, a sign change in the NCP of the VIS lines on the center side and a ring structure around the umbra with opposite signs of the NCP in the Ti I line at 630.37 nm and the Fe I line at 1565.2 nm, deserve closer attention in future modeling attempts. The large fraction of magnetic flux related to the flow channel component could suffice to replenish the penumbral radiative losses in the flux tube picture.
CURRENT STATE OF THE ART HISTORIC BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING

Abstract. In an extensive review of existing literature a number of observations were made in relation to the current approaches for recording and modelling existing buildings and environments: Data collection and pre-processing techniques are becoming increasingly automated to allow for near real-time data capture and fast processing of this data for later modelling applications. Current BIM software is almost completely focused on new buildings and has very limited tools and pre-defined libraries for modelling existing and historic buildings. The development of reusable parametric library objects for existing and historic buildings supports modelling with high levels of detail while decreasing the modelling time. Mapping these parametric objects to survey data, however, is still a time-consuming task that requires further research. Promising developments have been made towards automatic object recognition and feature extraction from point clouds for as-built BIM. However, results are currently limited to simple and planar features. Further work is required for automatic accurate and reliable reconstruction of complex geometries from point cloud data. Procedural modelling can provide an automated solution for generating 3D geometries but lacks the detail and accuracy required for most as-built applications in AEC and heritage fields.
Relationship between occupational stress, emotional intelligence and job performance: An empirical study in Malaysia

This study was conducted to examine the effect of emotional intelligence in the relationship between occupational stress and job performance using 104 usable questionnaires gathered from academic employees who work in private institutions of higher learning in Kuching City, Malaysia. The outcomes of testing research hypothesis using a stepwise regression analysis showed that relationship between occupational stress and emotional intelligence significantly correlated with job performance. Statistically, the result confirms that the inclusion of emotional intelligence in the analysis has mediated the effect of occupational stress on job performance in the organizational sector sample. Further, implications and discussion are elaborated.
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXIC EFFECT OF DELTAMETHRIN AND DIMETHOATE ON BRAIN OF ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS

organophosphate pesticides are being increasingly used in combination with Pyrethroids. The effects of single molecules are being studied, but the risk associated with pesticide mixtures is still to estimate. So, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the individual and combined toxic effects of deltamethrin (DLM) and dimethoate (DM) on brain of adult male albino rats. For this purpose, 60 adult male albino rats were randomized into 5equal groups: Group I: negative control, Group II: positive control received 1ml corn oil once daily. Group III received deltamethrin (5 mg/kg b.w./orally ∕daily), Group IV received dimethoate (20 mg/kg b.w./ orally ∕daily), Group V received deltamethrin (5 mg/kg b.w) and dimethoate(20 mg/kg b.w)orally ∕daily . At the end of the study (12 weeks); Body weight was evaluated then blood sample were obtained for estimation of oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA) glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity TAC) and plasma cholinesterase (PCHE) level then rats were sacrificed. The brains were excised, prepared for histopathological, immunohistochemical examination and DNA damage estimation by comet assay. Results revealed that single DLM and DM exposure significantly had adverse effects on adult male Albino rats in the form of decrease in the body weight, increase in brain &serum MDA, decrease in TAC &GSH and decrease in PCHE level. Pathological changes in brain of rats included, pychnosis, neuronal degeneration, neuropil vacuolization, hemorrhage and congested blood vessels beside positive immuoreaction for bax. Also they caused DNA damage compared to control group. In conclusion, chronic exposure to DLM and DM singly and in combination induced significant oxidative damage in rat brain, associated with marked perturbations in antioxidant defense system in addition to genotoxicity detected by comet assay. Also, the mixture of the two pesticides caused greater damage on the brain of male albino rats, than the individual pesticides.
Sedimentary record from the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean: implications for late to middle Pleistocene glacial history

Abstract. Sediment core ARC4-BN05 collected from the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean, covers the late to middle Quaternary (Marine Isotope Stage – MIS – 1–15, ca. 0.5–0.6 Ma) as estimated by correlation to earlier proposed Arctic Ocean stratigraphies and AMS14C dating of the youngest sediments. Detailed examination of clay and bulk mineralogy along with grain size, content of Ca and Mn, and planktic foraminiferal numbers in core ARC4–BN05 provides important new information about sedimentary environments and provenance. We use increased contents of coarse debris as an indicator of glacier collapse events at the margins of the western Arctic Ocean, and identify the provenance of these events from mineralogical composition. Notably, peaks of dolomite debris, including large dropstones, track the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) discharge events to the Arctic Ocean. Major LIS inputs occurred during the stratigraphic intervals estimated as MIS 3, intra-MIS 5 and 7 events, MIS 8, and MIS 10. Inputs from the East Siberian Ice Sheet (ESIS) are inferred from peaks of smectite, kaolinite, and chlorite associated with coarse sediment. Major ESIS sedimentary events occurred in the intervals estimated as MIS 4, MIS 6 and MIS 12. Differences in LIS vs. ESIS inputs can be explained by ice-sheet configurations at different sea levels, sediment delivery mechanisms (iceberg rafting, suspension plumes, and debris flows), and surface circulation. A long-term change in the pattern of sediment inputs, with an apparent step change near the estimated MIS 7–8 boundary (ca. 0.25 Ma), presumably indicates an overall glacial expansion at the western Arctic margins, especially in North America.
Spiritual Interventions in Iran: a Review Article

Objectives: Although many studies have examined the effects of spiritual interventions, ambiguity of the model of them causes bias. This study aimed to achieve a picture of spiritual interventions in Iran as a Shiite Muslim country. Method: An advanced search was conducted in main Iranian and international databases using both the English and Persian keywords of spiritual intervention, spiritual care, spiritual therapy, spiritual support, and spirituality. Iranian studies that indexed until May 2016 and were related to the effects of spiritual therapies in clinical trials were selected. Results: Out of the 31selected articles, 17 were in Persianlanguage journals, and 14 were in English-language journals. The interventions that have presented in these articles were classified into three main categories: research-based interventions, mixed interventions and arbitrary interventions. Conclusion: No clear model for spiritual interventions can be extracted from Iranian studies. You can submit your Manuscripts at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Protective Effects of Selenium and Alpha-Tocopherol against Lead-Induced Hepatic and Renal Toxicity in Oreochromis Niloticus

Lead is a serious poison causing serious injury or death. Current study was designed to investigate the potential protective effect of selenium (Se) and alpha-tocopherol (alpha-toc) against the hepatic and renal toxicity of lead acetate in Oreochromis niloticus. Two hundred and twenty five O. niloticus were divided into five groups; control, lead acetate treated (73.40 mg/liter), Se treated (4 mg sodium selenite/ kg diet), alpha-toc treated (200 mg/kg diet) plus Se + alpha-toc co-treated groups for 10 weeks. Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), total protein, urea, creatinine, calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphate (P), magnesium (Mg), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and the lipid peroxidation index (MDA) were determined The results revealed an increase in the levels of liver enzymes, urea, creatinine and MDA; meanwhile, the total protein, Ca, P, Mg, SOD and GSH were decreased. Therefore, it could be concluded that selenium (Se) and alpha-tocopherol (alpha-toc) may be useful tool to minimize the toxic effects of lead toxicity by its potent antioxidant activity.
The Impact of Service Quality and Product Quality towards Customer Loyalty through Emotional and Functional Values in Traditional Markets in Pontianak, Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to analyze and examine the impact of the service quality and product quality variables towards customer loyalty through emotional and functional values in the traditional markets in Pontianak. This research is a confirmatory research or conclusive research, which highlights the relationship between the research variables and tests the formulated hypotheses. The sampling technique used in this study is probability sampling with proportional cluster random sampling. The number of samples in this study is a total of 120 respondents in seven traditional markets in the city of Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, managed by the Government of Pontianak. The analysis tool used to test the hypothesis is the Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structure) program package. The results of this study showed that out of the eight hypotheses, six showed significant positive effect and influence, namely the service quality towards the emotional value, service quality on functional value, service quality towards customer loyalty, product quality towards emotional value, product quality towards customer loyalty and emotional value on customer loyalty in. On the other hand, two hypotheses showed no insignificant results nor effect or influence, namely the product quality towards the functional value and the functional value towards customer loyalty in the traditional markets in Pontianak. Keywords : Service Quality, Product Quality, Emotional Value, Functional Value, and Customer Loyalty.
Broken Promises: Consequences of Continuous Extension of Involuntary Temporary Employment Status

URLs: Broken Promises: Consequences of Continuous Extension of Involuntary Temporary Employment Status Author(s): Azaz, A. ; D'Netto, B. ; Erich Fein, D. Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management Conference 2013 4-6th December 2013
Fully coupled FBSDE with Brownian motion and Poisson process in stopping time duration

Abstract We first give the existence and uniqueness result and a comparison theorem for backward stochastic differential equations with Brownian motion and Poisson process as the noise source in stopping time (unbounded) duration. Then we obtain the existence and uniqueness result for fully coupled forward-backward stochastic differential equation with Brownian motion and Poisson process in stopping time (unbounded) duration. We also proved a comparison theorem for this kind of equation.
Serum vitamin D seviyelerinin fibromiyalji sendromunun klinik bulguları ile ilişkisi

Amac: Bu calisma, fibromiyalji sendromlu (FMS) hastalarda serum 25-OH vitamin D seviyelerini belirlemek ve 25-OH vitamin D seviyelerinin klinik bulgular ile iliskisini arastirmak amaciyla yapildi. Yontemler: Calismaya ACR 1990 fibromiyalji tani kriterlerine gore tani konulan ondokuz premenapozal kadin ve kontrol grubu olarak 24 premenapozal saglikli kadin dahil edildi. Yaygin vucut agrisi, bas agrisi, yorgunluk, sabah tutuklugu, uyku bozuklugu, hassas nokta sayisi, fibromiyalji etki anketi skorlari ve Beck depresyon skorlari FMS\'nin klinik bulgulari olarak degerlendirildi. Bulgular: Serum 25-OH vitamin D seviyeleri FMS\'li hastalarda kontrol grubuna gore anlamli olarak daha dusuktu (p=0.01). FMS grubunda 25-OH vitamin D seviyeleri ile yaygin vucut agrisi (r=-0.731), Beck depresyon skorlari (r=-0.777), bas agrisi (r=-0.629) ve uyku bozuklugu arasinda (r=-0.767) anlamli negatif korelasyonlar vardi (p
A top-down assessment using OMI NO2 suggests an underestimate in the NOx emissions inventory in Seoul, South Korea, during KORUS-AQ

Abstract. In this work, we investigate the NOx emissions inventory in Seoul, South Korea, using a regional ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) NO2 product derived from the standard NASA product. We first develop a regional OMI NO2 product by recalculating the air mass factors using a high-resolution (4 km × 4 km) WRF-Chem model simulation, which better captures the NO2 profile shapes in urban regions. We then apply a model-derived spatial averaging kernel to further downscale the retrieval and account for the subpixel variability. These two modifications yield OMI NO2 values in the regional product that are 1.37 times larger in the Seoul metropolitan region and >2 times larger near substantial point sources. These two modifications also yield an OMI NO2 product that is in better agreement with the Pandora NO2 spectrometer measurements acquired during the South Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) field campaign. NOx emissions are then derived for the Seoul metropolitan area during the KORUS-AQ field campaign using a top-down approach with the standard and regional NASA OMI NO2 products. We first apply the top-down approach to a model simulation to ensure that the method is appropriate: the WRF-Chem simulation utilizing the bottom-up emissions inventory yields a NOx emissions rate of 227±94 kt yr−1, while the bottom-up inventory itself within a 40 km radius of Seoul yields a NOx emissions rate of 198 kt yr−1. Using the top-down approach on the regional OMI NO2 product, we derive the NOx emissions rate from Seoul to be 484±201 kt yr−1, and a 353±146 kt yr−1 NOx emissions rate using the standard NASA OMI NO2 product. This suggests an underestimate of 53 % and 36 % in the bottom-up inventory using the regional and standard NASA OMI NO2 products respectively. To supplement this finding, we compare the NO2 and NOy simulated by WRF-Chem to observations of the same quantity acquired by aircraft and find a model underestimate. When NOx emissions in the WRF-Chem model are increased by a factor of 2.13 in the Seoul metropolitan area, there is better agreement with KORUS-AQ aircraft observations and the recalculated OMI NO2 tropospheric columns. Finally, we show that by using a WRF-Chem simulation with an updated emissions inventory to recalculate the air mass factor (AMF), there are small differences (∼8 %) in OMI NO2 compared to using the original WRF-Chem simulation to derive the AMF. This suggests that changes in model resolution have a larger effect on the AMF calculation than modifications to the South Korean emissions inventory. Although the current work is focused on South Korea using OMI, the methodology developed in this work can be applied to other world regions using TROPOMI and future satellite datasets (e.g., GEMS and TEMPO) to produce high-quality region-specific top-down NOx emissions estimates.
A financially stressed euro area

Abstract The authors analyse 149 newly compiled monthly time series on financial market stress conditions in the euro area. With the aid of a factor model they find different sources of financial stress that are important for selecting and preparing the appropriate policy response. The existence of a “Periphery Banking Crisis” factor, a “Stress” factor and a “Yield Curve” factor seems to explain the bulk of volatility in recent euro area financial sector data. Moreover, by a real-time forecasting exercise, the authors show that including additional factors—that reflect financial sector conditions—improves forecasts of economic activity at short horizons.
Assessing Independent Mobility of Children Indicators in Military Barrack Community of Nigeria

Independent mobility of children assessment lacks a defined standard and measurement process. It is largely due to ways in which environmental context dictate relevant indicators. In a developing country like Nigeria, there is inadequate data and research in this area to inform a holistic assessment. Hence, this study employed multi-method data collection involving field survey, semi-structured interview, and survey questionnaire to assess independent mobility of children’s indicators. Barrack spatial data was analysed using Landsat imagery and ArcGIS for objective measurement of indicators. Subsequently, 60 children from 3 NAF primary schools and 390 parents living in Sam Ethnan Air Force Barrack (SEAB) at Lagos participated. Consequently, their perception on destinations accessibility, road network connectivity, population density, land use, home geographical range, and average travel time validated objectively measured same variables. It was found that SEAB has 0.941 km2 land area, high percentage (80%) of built up area, and population density of 42,480.315 per / km2. Home geographical range indicated a catchment of school and playground within 100-700m and average travel time for walking to 3 primary schools are 5m.82s, 8m. 56s, 16m. 20s, and 8m.26s for children’s park. Destination accessibility, population density, home geographical range, and travel time met the threshold of factor loading >0.7. The Land use and road connectivity are secondary factors excluded for failure to meet the threshold. Poor level of independent mobility, mobility restriction, closed destination accessibility associated with land use mix and short distances were found in barrack community. These findings contributed to the spatial dynamics of mobility nexus, and the perceived shift in the degree of children's independent mobility depends on these indicators.
Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography # 10 . 14 Network Dynamics in Regional Clusters : The Perspective of an Emerging Economy

Regional clusters are spatial agglomerations of firms operating in the same or connected industries, which enable innovation and economic performance for firms. A wealth of empirical literature shows that one of key elements of the success of regional clusters is that they facilitate the formation of local inter-organizational networks, which act as conduits of knowledge and innovation. While most studies analyze the benefits and characteristics of regional cluster networks and focus on advanced economies and high tech ‘hot spots’, this paper advances with the existing literature by analyzing network dynamics and taking an emerging economy’s perspective. Using longitudinal data of a wine cluster in Chile and stochastic actor-oriented models for network dynamics, this paper examines what micro-level effects influence the formation of new knowledge ties among wineries. It finds that the coexistence of cohesion effects (reciprocity and transitivity) and the presence of inter-firm knowledge base heterogeneity contribute to the stability of an informal hierarchical network structure over time. Empirical results have interesting implications for cluster competitiveness and network studies, and for the burgeoning literature on corporate behavior in emerging economies.
Storm-time ring current: model-dependent results

Abstract. The main point of the paper is to investigate how much the modeled ring current depends on the representations of magnetic and electric fields and boundary conditions used in simulations. Two storm events, one moderate (SymH minimum of −120 nT) on 6–7 November 1997 and one intense (SymH minimum of −230 nT) on 21–22 October 1999, are modeled. A rather simple ring current model is employed, namely, the Inner Magnetosphere Particle Transport and Acceleration model (IMPTAM), in order to make the results most evident. Four different magnetic field and two electric field representations and four boundary conditions are used. We find that different combinations of the magnetic and electric field configurations and boundary conditions result in very different modeled ring current, and, therefore, the physical conclusions based on simulation results can differ significantly. A time-dependent boundary outside of 6.6 R E gives a possibility to take into account the particles in the transition region (between dipole and stretched field lines) forming partial ring current and near-Earth tail current in that region. Calculating the model SymH* by Biot-Savart's law instead of the widely used Dessler-Parker-Sckopke (DPS) relation gives larger and more realistic values, since the currents are calculated in the regions with nondipolar magnetic field. Therefore, the boundary location and the method of SymH* calculation are of key importance for ring current data-model comparisons to be correctly interpreted.
The Role Of Financial Development On Income Inequality In Malaysia

This study examines the role of financial development in influencing income inequality in Malaysia over the period of 1980-2000. The empirical results based on ARDL bounds test indicate that financial market development is, at best, very weak and statistically insignificant in reducing income inequality in Malaysia. The evidence is valid for a variety of financial indicators, including the banking sector, the stock market and financial aggregate variables. The evidence also highlights that besides various governmenti¯s development programs, efforts should also concentrate on improving institutional quality, economic development and maintaining low inflation in its attempt to combat income inequality.