Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of insertion torque on the survival of immediately placed and restored single-tooth implants.

PURPOSE The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the medium- to long-term clinical outcome of single-tooth implants placed into fresh extraction sockets using a low-insertion-torque protocol and immediately restored with acrylic resin provisional crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-one patients consecutively referred for the replacement of one or more failing teeth were planned for treatment by means of extraction and immediate implant placement and provisionalization using a low-insertion-torque protocol of ≤ 25 Ncm. Low rotational stability was not a contraindication to treatment unless there was a lack of axial stability. Implant survival and marginal bone levels were documented. A statistical analysis was performed to discover any correlations between insertion torque, age, gender, implant size and tooth position and marginal bone loss. RESULTS Sixty-eight implants were placed. Three implants failed to osseointegrate; one was replaced and immediately restored and has been successful for more than 5 years. The overall survival rate for all implants was 95.5%, which have been in function for a period of 1.25 to 9.5 years. The mean marginal bone loss of the 54 implants followed for at least 24 months was 0.23 ± 0.60 mm mesially and 0.20 ± 0.72 mm distally. Overall, 78% of implants showed no marginal bone loss, 9% experienced 0.1 to 0.5 mm of bone loss, and 13% demonstrated > 0.5 mm of bone loss. There were no significant correlations between the various parameters analyzed and marginal bone loss. CONCLUSION A torque of only 25 Ncm would seem more than sufficient to yield a favorable clinical outcome, and there may be a misconception as to what actually represents adequate primary stability. Immediate provisionalization of single-tooth implants placed with a relatively low insertion torque can yield favorable survival rates and optimal maintenance of marginal bone levels compared to the generally accepted norm.
Single-cell based random neural network for deep learning

Recent work demonstrated the value of multi clusters of spiking Random Neural Networks (RNN) with dense soma-to-soma interactions in deep learning. In this paper we go back to the original simpler structure and we investigate the power of single RNN cells for deep learning. First, we consider three approaches with the single cells, twin cells and multi-cell clusters. This first part shows that RNNs with only positive parameter can conduct convolution operations similar to those of the convolutional neural network. We then develop a multi-layer architecture of single cell RNNs (MLSRNN), and show that this architecture achieves comparable or better classification at lower computation cost than conventional deep-learning methods.
Analysis of MRI for knee osteoarthritis using machine learning

Approximately 8.5 million people in the UK (13.5% of the population) have osteoarthritis (OA) in one or both knees, with more than 6 million people in the UK suffering with painful osteoarthritis of the knee. In addition, an ageing population implies that an estimated 17 million people (twice as many as in 2012) are likely to be living with OA by 2030. Despite this, there exists no disease modifying drugs for OA and structural OA in MRI is poorly characterised. This motivates research to develop biomarkers and tools to aid osteoarthritis diagnosis from MRI of the knee. Previously many solutions for learning biomarkers have relied upon handcrafted features to characterise and diagnose osteoarthritis from MRI. The methods proposed in this thesis are scalable and use machine learning to characterise large populations of the OAI dataset, with one experiment applying an algorithm to over 10,000 images. Studies of this size enable subtle characteristics of the dataset to be learnt and model many variations within a population. We present data-driven algorithms to learn features to predict OA from the appearance of the articular cartilage. An unsupervised manifold learning algorithm is used to compute a low dimensional representation of knee MR data which we propose as an imaging marker of OA. Previous metrics introduced for OA diagnosis are loosely based on the research communities intuition of the structural causes of OA progression, including morphological measures of the articular cartilage such as the thickness and volume. We demonstrate that there is a strong correlation between traditional morphological measures of the articular cartilage and the biomarkers identified using the manifold learning algorithm that we propose (R2 = 0.75). The algorithm is extended to create biomarkers for different regions and sequences. A combination of these markers is proposed to yield a diagnostic imaging biomarker with superior performance. The diagnostic biomarkers presented are shown to improve upon hand-crafted morphological measure of disease status presented in the literature, a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classification for early stage diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis results with an AUC of 0.9. From the biomarker discovery experiments we identified that intensity based affine registration of knee MRIs is not sufficiently robust for large scale image analysis, approximately 5% of these registrations fail. We have developed fast algorithms to compute robust affine transformations
Genetic link of hepatocellular carcinoma with polymorphisms of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A7 gene.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with risk factors including hepatitis C, hepatitis B, cirrhosis, genetic liver diseases, and environmental carcinogens. Uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases are a superfamily of detoxifying enzymes capable of tobacco-borne carcinogen detoxification and cellular protection. This study examines the association of UGT1A7 and UGT1A9 gene polymorphisms with hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS Genomic DNA from the blood of 59 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 70 control subjects without evidence of cancer was analyzed by UGT1A7- and UGT1A9-specific PCR, sequencing analysis, and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Three UGT1A7 missense mutations were detected defining the UGT1A7*2, UGT1A7*3, and UGT1A7*4 alleles. Wild-type UGT1A7 alleles were present in 41.4% of controls but only in 6.8% of cancer patients (P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR], 9.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.17-29.83). UGT1A7 polymorphisms were present in 93.2% of hepatocellular cancer patients, 74.5% carried the UGT1A7*3 allele (P < 0.001; OR, 10.76; 95% CI, 4.75-24.38), which combines the W208R, N129K, and R131K mutations and encodes a protein with low carcinogen detoxification activity. No UGT1A9 polymorphisms were detected. CONCLUSIONS The significant association of hepatocellular carcinoma with the UGT1A7*3 allele encoding a low detoxification activity protein is identified and implicates UGT1A7 as a risk gene of hepatocarcinogenesis in addition to a role as potential marker for cancer risk assessment in chronic liver disease.
The influence of organizational design on knowledge transfer

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how organizational design – particularly, delegation, and extrinsic and intrinsic reward systems – impacts employees' knowledge transfer in the context of Spanish small nonprofit organizations.Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative analysis using data from a sample of 105 Spanish small nonprofit organizations obtained by means of a postal survey was performed using the partial least squares (PLS) approach, in order to test the research hypotheses.Findings – The research findings show that delegation involves a greater use of rewards and these, in turn, improve knowledge transfer. Considering the results obtained it is possible to conclude that, due to lack of technical knowledge, managers of these nonprofit organizations must delegate decision rights to qualified employees and that they should use a higher degree of rewards, both intrinsic and extrinsic, especially the intrinsic ones, to motivate employees to mutually transfer knowledge efficiently.R.
Infection and transmission of Nosema bombi in Bombus terrestris colonies and its effect on hibernation, mating and colony founding

The impact of the microsporidium Nosema bombi on Bombus terrestris was studied by recording mating, hibernation success, protein titre in haemolymph, weight change during hibernation, and colony founding of queens that were inoculated with N. bombi in the larval phase. Infection with N. bombi was diagnosed in 36% of B. terrestris queens exposed to N. bombi. Mating and hibernation of queens was not significantly affected by N. bombi infection but colony founding was reduced significantly. Haemolymph protein titre of N. bombi diseased queens was reduced, possibly indicating a disturbance of the metabolism. It was demonstrated that N. bombi infection was transmitted to the successive age cohorts in a colony and to the adults that were already in the colony prior to the introduction of the infection. The study showed a significant negative impact of N. bombi on B. terrestris colony development and indoor rearing.ZusammenfassungWir untersuchten die Auswirkung des Mikrosporidiums Nosema bombi auf die Koloniegründung bei Bombus terrestris. Dazu registrierten wir die Faktoren Pupalentwicklung, Paarung, Überwinterung und Koloniegründung bei Königinnen, die in der Larvalphase mit N. bombi Sporen infiziert wurden. N. bombi Sporen wurden von Nosema infizierten B. terrestris Arbeiterinnen gewonnen und in einer 12.5 % (w/v) Sacharoselösung an 9–14 Tage alte Könininnenlarven verfüttert. Bei mindestens 36 % der Hummelköniginnen führte dies zu einer Nosema bombi Infektion. Weder die Paarung noch die Überwinterung von Königinnen war durch die N. bombi Infektion beeinflusst. Die Koloniegründung hingegen erwies sich als signifkant reduziert. Das Lebendgewicht vor, während und nach der Überwinterung sowie der Hämolymphproteingehalt von B. terrestris Königinnen waren durch die N. bombi Infektion deutlich beeinflusst, was auf eine Wirkung auf den Stoffwechsel hinweist. Bezüglich der Detektion einer N. bombi Infektion bei B. terrestris erwies sich ein molekulares Verfahren als deutlich besser im Vergleich zur lichtmikroskopischen Erfassung von N. bombi Sporen im Darmtrakt.Die Art und Weise wie N. bombi innerhalb von B. terrestris Kolonien übertragen wird, untersuchten wir durch Infektion von 9–14 Tage alten Arbeiterinnenlarven in Kolonien mit 10–20 Arbeiterinnen. Während der Kolonieentwicklung wurden in sukzessiver Weise Alterskohorten markiert und sowohl diese Alterskohorten als auch die bereits vorhandenen adulten Arbeiterinnen wurden später auf N. bombi Infektionen hin untersucht. Wir fanden eine Übertragung sowohl bei den sukzessiven larvalen Alterskohorten als auch bei den adulten Arbeiterinnen, die bereits vor Beginn der Infektion in der Kolonie waren. Damit zeigt sich, dass N. bombi sowohl auf Adulte als auch auf Larven erfolgreich übertragen werden kann.
Does Being an Immigrant Make a Difference in Seeking Physician Services?

The current study investigated the effects of immigration status, acculturation, and health beliefs on the use of preventive and non-preventive visits, through use of a nationally representative sample of U.S.-born and foreign-born adults. U.S.-born adults were found to have significantly more preventive and non-preventive visits than immigrants. The effects on predicting preventive visits of education, having a usual source of care, and having other public insurance were stronger among immigrants than among the U.S.-born. Health confidence and believing in the need for health insurance significantly predicted the numbers of both preventive and non-preventive visits among the U.S.-born but correlated little with either type of visit among immigrants. Among immigrant adults, acculturation affected only the number of preventive visits. The lower utilization of both preventive and non-preventive care among immigrants may be associated with a combination of better health and more limited enabling resources.
The neural substrate of gait and executive function relationship in elderly women: A PET study

Understanding the relationship between age‐related gait impairment, such as slow gait, and executive functioning in seniors may help identify individuals at higher risk of mobility decline, falls, and progression to dementia at earlier stages. We aim to identify brain regions concomitantly associated with poor gait and executive functioning in a cohort of well‐functioning elderly women.
Stroke Hormones and Outcomes in Women (SHOW) Study: Is the ‘Healthy-User Effect’ Valid for Women after Stroke?

Aims: To determine differences in stroke severity and outcomes in women using hormone therapy (HT) versus nonusers at baseline, and to investigate whether there is a ‘healthy-user effect’ of HT in women with stroke. Materials and methods: A total of 133 women over the age of 18 years with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled and categorized based on their use of HT at the time of stroke. Initial stroke severity was assessed at admission, and disability and activities of daily living were assessed at 6-month intervals for 2 years. Results: A total of 30% of the cohort were HT users. HT users were less likely to have hypertension and were leaner than nonusers. There were no differences in initial stroke severity, mortality or any of the functional status outcomes based on HT use at baseline. Conclusion: There did appear to be a healthy-user effect for HT users at baseline, but following stroke, there were no significant differences in long-term outcomes.
Antiphospholipid Antibodies Induce Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Endothelial Cells1

The presence of antiphospholipid Ab is associated with increased risk of thrombosis. The monocyte-endothelial cell interaction has been suggested to play a key role at the site of vascular injury during thrombosis. Therefore, we tested the effect of anticardiolipin Abs (aCL) on the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in HUVEC. We found that monoclonal aCL as well as IgG fractions from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS-IgG) could induce the production of MCP-1 in HUVEC. The ability of IgG aCL to induce MCP-1 production could be abrogated by preabsorption with cardiolipin liposomes. Simultaneous addition of either monoclonal aCL or APS-IgG with IL-1β resulted in synergistic increase in MCP-1 production, whereas the addition of control IgG lacking aCL activity did not alter IL-1β-induced levels of MCP-1. MCP-1 mRNA expression was also up-regulated when HUVEC were incubated with either APS-IgG or monoclonal aCL, and down-regulated by the treatment of dexamethasone. In addition, we found that serum levels of MCP-1 in 76 systemic lupus erythematosus patients correlated well with the titers of IgG aCL. Collectively, these results indicate that aCL could promote endothelial cell-monocyte cross-talk by enhancing the endothelial production of MCP-1, thereby shifting the hemostatic balance toward the prothrombotic state of APS.
Exposure to early adversity: Points of cross-species translation that can lead to improved understanding of depression

Abstract The relationship between developmental exposure to adversity and affective disorders is reviewed. Adversity discussed herein includes physical and sexual abuse, neglect, or loss of a caregiver in humans. While these stressors can occur at any point during development, the unique temporal relationship to specific depressive symptoms was the focus of discussion. Further influences of stress exposure during sensitive periods can vary by gender and duration of abuse as well. Data from animal studies are presented to provide greater translational and causal understanding of how sensitive periods, different types of psychosocial stressors, and sex interact to produce depressive-like behaviors. Findings from maternal separation, isolation rearing, chronic variable stress, and peer–peer rearing paradigms clarify interpretation about how various depressive behaviors are influenced by age of exposure. Depressive behaviors are broken down into the following categories: mood and affect, anhedonia, energy, working memory, sleep–wake, appetite changes, suicide, and general malaise. Cross-species evidence from humans, nonhuman primates, rats, and mice within each of these categories is discussed. In conclusion, sensitive periods for affective-related behaviors (anxiety, mood, and controllability) occur earlier in life, while other aspects of depression are associated with adversity later during adolescence.
Notes from the graveyard: neuropathology and schizophrenia *

Schizophrenia is commonly regarded as a ‘functional’ psychosis, the implication being that the delusions, hallucinations and cognitive impairment characteristic of the disease have no organic basis. This view is due in no small way to the failure of pathologists to find convincing pathological changes associated with the disease in the first seven decades of the century. Over the last 10 years things have changed considerably. Recent CT and MRI scan studies have provided convincing evidence of significant ventricular enlargement in the brains of schizophrenics and post‐mortem studies have shown that schizophrenic brains are about 6% lighter than controls and have a reduced volume and reduced antero‐posterior length.
Cyber Safety : A Systems Theory Approach to Managing Cyber Security Risks – Applied to TJX Cyber Attack

To manage security risks more effectively in today’s complex and dynamic cyber environment, a new way of thinking is needed to complement traditional approaches. In this paper we propose a new approach for managing cyber security risks, based on a model for accident analysis used in the Systems Safety field, called System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP). We have adapted and applied STAMP to cybersecurity, which we call Cybersafety, and used it to analyze the cyber-attack on TJX, the largest at that time. Our analysis revealed insights which had been overlooked in prior investigations. The lessons learned from this analysis can be extended to address ongoing challenges to cyber security.
Aromatic N-deacylation by chick-kidney mitochondria.

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Signalling processes in endothelial ageing in relation to chronic oxidative stress and their potential therapeutic implications in humans

Ageing is an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Vascular ageing is mainly characterized by endothelial dysfunction, an alteration of endothelium‐dependent signalling processes and vascular remodelling. The underlying mechanisms comprise increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inactivation of nitric oxide (·NO) and subsequent formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO−). Elevated ONOO− may exhibit new messenger functions by post‐translational oxidative modification of intracellular regulatory proteins. Mitochondria are a major source of age‐associated superoxide formation, as electrons are misdirected from the respiratory chain. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, is an integral part of the nucleoids and may protect mitochondrial DNA from ROS. A model linking ·NO, mitochondria, MnSOD and its acetylation/deacetylation by sirtuins (NAD+‐dependent class III histone deacetylases) may be the basis for a potentially new powerful therapeutic intervention in the ageing process.
Preimplantation development in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse.

Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to develop a diabetic mouse model in which to study the development of the preimplantation embryo. STZ doses of 0, 160, 190, 210 and 240 mg kg-1 were given; 190 mg kg-1 was found to be the most suitable as the standard diabetogenic dose, providing about 60% mice with plasma glucose greater than 20 mM. The STZ-diabetic mice responded to superovulation with 10 i.u. of gonadotrophin in the same manner as control mice, producing similar embryo numbers at 48 h, 72 h and 96 h post-hCG. Furthermore, the proportion of 2-cell embryos collected from STZ-diabetic mice which developed to blastocysts in vitro was similar to that of 2-cell embryos from control mice. The STZ-diabetic mouse model after superovulation thus produced normal early preimplantation embryos whose development can be examined in detail in a diabetic environment.
Global Comparison of Drug Resistance Mutations After First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Across Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Subtypes

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 drug resistance mutations (DRMs) often accompany treatment failure. Although subtype differences are widely studied, DRM comparisons between subtypes either focus on specific geographic regions or include populations with heterogeneous treatments. Methods. We characterized DRM patterns following first-line failure and their impact on future treatment in a global, multi-subtype reverse-transcriptase sequence dataset. We developed a hierarchical modeling approach to address the high-dimensional challenge of modeling and comparing frequencies of multiple DRMs in varying first-line regimens, durations, and subtypes. Drug resistance mutation co-occurrence was characterized using a novel application of a statistical network model. Results. In 1425 sequences, 202 subtype B, 696 C, 44 G, 351 circulating recombinant forms (CRF)01_AE, 58 CRF02_AG, and 74 from other subtypes mutation frequencies were higher in subtypes C and CRF01_AE compared with B overall. Mutation frequency increased by 9%–20% at reverse transcriptase positions 41, 67, 70, 184, 215, and 219 in subtype C and CRF01_AE vs B. Subtype C and CRF01_AE exhibited higher predicted cross-resistance (+12%–18%) to future therapy options compared with subtype B. Topologies of subtype mutation networks were mostly similar. Conclusions. We find clear differences in DRM outcomes following first-line failure, suggesting subtype-specific ecological or biological factors that determine DRM patterns.