Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FOR MOST RECENT VERSION

Targeted advertising is a form of online advertising that relies on knowledge of consumer data to tailor promotional messages. Targeted ads have raised privacy concerns, but the advertising industry has extolled its economic benefits for consumers: via targeted ads, consumers are presented with promotions for products and services they are interested in, reducing their search costs. The effect that targeted advertisement has on consumer welfare, however, depends in part also on the impact targeted ads have on the prices consumers end up paying for advertised products. To date, little is known about the relationship between targeted advertising and consumer prices. We present an ongoing empirical investigation of that relationship, focusing on a specific type of targeted advertising: sponsored search ads. We mine data from both organic and sponsored search results on a popular search engine while searching for a large array of products to compare prices and quality across the results. We present our experimental procedure as well as results from a pilot that highlights preliminary insights on the way targeted ads may impact consumer prices.
A Content Transformation Block for Image Style Transfer

Style transfer has recently received a lot of attention, since it allows to study fundamental challenges in image understanding and synthesis. Recent work has significantly improved the representation of color and texture and com- putational speed and image resolution. The explicit transformation of image content has, however, been mostly neglected: while artistic style affects formal characteristics of an image, such as color, shape or texture, it also deforms, adds or removes content details. This paper explicitly focuses on a content-and style-aware stylization of a content image. Therefore, we introduce a content transformation module between the encoder and decoder. Moreover, we utilize similar content appearing in photographs and style samples to learn how style alters content details and we generalize this to other class details. Additionally, this work presents a novel normalization layer critical for high resolution image synthesis. The robustness and speed of our model enables a video stylization in real-time and high definition. We perform extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluations to demonstrate the validity of our approach.
Working Paper Series No 61 / December 2017 Discriminatory pricing of over-the-counter derivatives by

New regulatory data reveal extensive discriminatory pricing in the foreign exchange derivatives market, in which dealer-banks and their non-financial clients trade over-the-counter. After controlling for contract characteristics, dealer fixed effects, and market conditions, we find that the client at the 75th percentile of the spread distribution pays an average of 30 pips over the market mid-price, compared to competitive spreads of less than 2.5 pips paid by the bottom 25% of clients. Higher spreads are paid by less sophisticated clients. However, trades on multi-dealer request-for-quote platforms exhibit competitive spreads regardless of client sophistication, thereby eliminating discriminatory pricing. JEL Codes: G14, G18, D4
Deep ConvNet for Multi-label Classification with Partial Labels-Supplementary

In this section, we give additional information about the Graph Neural Networks (GNN) used in our work. We first show the algorithm used to predict the classification scores with a GNN in Algorithm 1. The input x ∈ R of the GNN is the ConvNet output, where C is the number of categories. The fM function in the message update function M is a fully connected layer followed by a ReLU. Because the graph is fully-connected, the message update function M averages on all the nodes of the graph excepts the current node v i.e. Ωv = V \ {v}. Similarly to [11], the final prediction uses both first and last hidden states. We observe that using both first and last hidden states is better than using only the last hidden state. According to [11], we use T = 3 iterations in our experiments.
Digital Nature Benefits Typical Individuals but not Individuals with Depressive Symptoms

Being in the natural environment has beneficial effects, including improved performance on subsequent mental tasks that require careful control over thought and action. This restorative effect has also been observed for individuals with depression after they experienced a 50 min walk in nature. While individuals without depression experienced this restorative effect even after brief exposure to low-intensity, digital nature stimuli, the negative thought biases associated with depressive symptomatology might interfere with the restorative effect during such brief exposures. The goal of this study was to assess whether brief exposure (4 min and 10 s) to twodimensional digital nature images results in the restorative effect on a cognitive control task, the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART), in individuals with depressive symptoms, compared to a control group without these symptoms. The results indicated that only typical individuals show improved performance after the lowintensity nature exposure, while individuals with significant depressive symptoms experienced no performance improvement. Thus, the findings imply that the salient negative self-focus associated with depression inhibits the restorative effect during such brief nature interventions. The results provide potential constraints for the scope of the restorative effect with digital nature and boundaries for its application in treatment of individuals with certain psychological states, such as depression.
Path-Invariance of Directed Map Networks

Optimizing a network of maps among a collection of objects/domains (or map synchronization) is a central problem across computer vision and many other relevant fields. Compared to optimizing pairwise maps in isolation, the benefit of map synchronization is that there are natural constraints among a map network that can improve the quality of individual maps. While such self-supervision constraints are well-understood for undirected map networks (e.g., the cycle-consistency constraint), they are underexplored for directed map networks, which naturally arise when maps are given by parametric maps (e.g., a feedforward neural network). In this paper, we study a natural self-supervision constraint for directed map networks called path-invariance, which enforces that composite maps along different paths between a fixed pair of source and target domains are identical. We introduce path-invariance bases for efficient encoding of the path-invariance constraint and present an algorithm that outputs a path-variance basis with polynomial time and space complexities. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on optimizing object correspondences, estimating dense image maps via neural networks, and semantic segmentation of 3D scenes via map networks of diverse 3D representations. In particular, for 3D semantic segmentation our approach only requires 8% labeled data from ScanNet to achieve the same performance as training a single 3D segmentation network with 30% to 100% labeled data.
Effect of the wear of skates on performance in vertical jump

Introduction Jumping is the result of the conversion of angular motion of body segments around joints to vertical motion of the center of gravity of the body (van Ingen Schenau et al., 1987). However, in figure skating, the range of motion of the ankle joint is strongly constrained by the skate boot. As it is well known in the literature, plantar flexion plays a major role on the vertical jump performance. Indeed, many researches have demonstrated that body segments contribute in a proximo-distal sequence to the projection of the body (Gregoire et al., 1984; Bobbert and van Ingen Schenau, 1988). Bobbert (1988) has shown that this sequential order of the extension of the hip and knee joints and the plantar flexion of the ankle joints delays the influence of the anatomical and geometrical constraints (van Ingen Schenau, 1989) to the very end of the push-off. Luhtanen and Komi (1978) reported a contribution of 22% of plantar flexion to takeoff velocity which is related to performance. Therefore the purpose of this study was to quantify the influence of the restriction of ankle extension on jumping coordination.
G T ] 1 J ul 2 01 8 Bayesian Exploration : Incentivizing Exploration in Bayesian Games *

We consider a ubiquitous scenario in the Internet economywhen individual decision-makers (henceforth, agents) both produce and consume information as they make strategic choices in an uncertain environment. This creates a three-way tradeoff between exploration (trying out insufficiently explored alternatives to help others in the future), exploitation (making optimal decisions given the information discovered by other agents), and incentives of the agents (who are myopically interested in exploitation, while preferring the others to explore). We posit a principal who controls the flow of information from agents that came before to the ones that arrive later, and strives to coordinate the agents towards a socially optimal balance between exploration and exploitation, not using any monetary transfers. The goal is to design a recommendation policy for the principal which respects agents’ incentives and minimizes a suitable notion of regret. We extend prior work in this direction to allow the agents to interact with one another in a shared environment: at each time step, multiple agents arrive to play a Bayesian game, receive recommendations, choose their actions, receive their payoffs, and then leave the game forever. The agents now face two sources of uncertainty: the actions of the other agents and the parameters of the uncertain game environment. Our main contribution is to show that the principal can achieve constant regret when the utilities are deterministic (where the constant depends on the prior distribution, but not on the time horizon), and logarithmic regret when the utilities are stochastic. As a key technical tool, we introduce the concept of explorable actions, the actions which some incentive-compatible policy can recommend with non-zero probability. We show how the principal can identify (and explore) all explorable actions, and use the revealed information to perform optimally. In particular, our results significantly improve over the prior work on the special case of a single agent per round, which relies on assumptions to guarantee that all actions are explorable. Interestingly, we do not require the principal’s utility to be aligned with the cumulative utility of the agents; instead, the principal can optimize an arbitrary notion of per-round reward. *An extended abstract of this paper has been published in ACM EC 2016. This research was done while Y. Mansour was a Principal Researcher at Microsoft Research (Herzliya, Israel), and Z.S. Wu was a student at University of Pennsylvania and a research intern at Microsoft Research NYC. †Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Email: mansour@tau.ac. il. ‡Microsoft Research, New York, NY, USA. Email: slivkins@microsoft.com. §Microsoft Research, Cambridge, MA, USA. Email: vasy@microsoft.com. ¶University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Email: zsw@umn.edu.
Role of Involvement and Loyalty in Predicting Buyer ’ s Purchase Intention towards Private Apparel Brand Extensions

This paper examines the relationship between involvement, brand loyalty and consumer’s willingness to buy the extension products from private stores that sells apparels. The results that emerge from the study are (i) Involvement plays a significant role in the decision making for apparels and influence the brand loyalty. (ii) Consumer’s evaluation towards the extension from apparel store brands is influenced by relevance and similarity. Further, the outcome also indicates that consumer’s reaction towards the extension product category (non-durable or durable) is influenced by brand association.
CuSH: Cognitive Scheduler for Heterogeneous High Performance Computing System

Heterogeneous computing systems deliver high performance and flexibility while increasing system management complexity. Resource management is particularly affected, because of the variety of computing, memory, and storage resources to handle. This paper describes Cognitive ScHeduler (CuSH), a resource management and job scheduling framework that leverages deep neural networks and reinforcement learning. To handle the complexity of heterogeneous resource scheduling, CuSH employs a two-step hierarchical solution. This solution decouples the job selection from the policy selection problem. CuSH has been evaluated using a simulator that is based on experiments executed on an IBM Power® system. Results show that CuSH outperforms traditional heuristic-based approaches on all the use cases, delivering significantly lower normalized turnaround time.
Visual Similarity from Optimizing Feature and Memory On A Hypersphere

Supervised learning of classification from annotated images develops a latent feature representation that captures semantic visual similarity. We propose an unsupervised metric learning method that develops apparent visual similarity from images alone. Our method maps highdimensional visual data onto a low-dimensional hypersphere and consolidate such feature representations into a visual memory representation. Optimizing the feature mapping and visual memory on a hypersphere achieves maximal discrimination among instances. Our formulation and solution is not only more principled in theory than closely related unsupervised instance discrimination algorithms, but also better in practice in terms of classification accuracy, convergence rate, and feature transferability. We also show that our learned feature can be very useful for vision-based reinforcement learning tasks to improve sample efficiency.
Segment deletion in the Kiel Corpus of Spontaneous Speech *

In this paper we examine the characteristics of symbolic con sonant deletions in the Kiel Corpus of Spontaneous Speech . This survey comprises the 31 phonetically labelled dialogues of CD-ROM#2 (IPDS 1995) together with a further 43 dialogues which form a subset of the data on CD-ROMs#3–4 (IPDS 1996, 1997). This da ta base is identical to that used in Helgason and Kohler (1996). The primary focus is on deletions that have been labelled with an MAmarker, which denotes that some phonetic correlates of the deleted segment can be detected in the signal (see Helg ason and Kohler 1996). Such cases, we believe, give valuable insights into the arti culatory processes involved in reduction. Symbolic consonant deletions refer to the deletion of conso nantal segments with reference to canonical lexical citation forms (as laid out i n Helgason and Kohler 1996). In the present discussion, a distinction is made between sym bolic deletions that have no adjacent deleted segment, and deletions that occur in con junction with another deletion, i.e. when a preceding and/or following vowel or conson ant is also deleted. Henceforth the former are referred to as single deletion and the la tt r s multiple deletion, and treated in separate sections. This refers only to deleti ons within a lexical item, so that, e.g., the consecutive deletion of two segments that oc curs across a word boundary is counted as two single deletions. The data used for this survey contain 3018 single deletions ( f vowels and consonants) and 295 multiple deletions 1. TheMAmarker has been applied in 427 instances
PRE-AND POST OF 2007 AUDIT QUALITY EFFORTS IN INDONESIA

This paper is to explore how the efforts have been undertaken by Indonesia to improve audit quality (AQ) practice. In doing so, the identification of regulator’s efforts undertaken by the Indonesian authorities has been identified on a preand post2007 basis. The finding shows that 2007 was the starting point for quality improvement efforts on audit practices among public accountants in Indonesia. However, the initial reaction to AQ was shown by Indonesia prior to 2007 through policies established to improve the accounting profession. The study also identified regulator’s efforts after the year of 2007 that depicts the collaborations among Indonesian regulators in improving the practice. This study contributes the institutional perspective on the phenomenon of the regulatory changes in the context of Indonesia. The key roles of regulators explored in this study can help accounting professionals provide better quality services in audit practice.
Herbage Yield and Grazing Capacity Estimation in a Tropical Coastal Savanna Rangeland Using Spatial Statistics

Herbage production is known to vary spatially. However, herbage yield (dry matter basis) in the savanna rangelands of Ghana is always generalized leading to inappropriate interventions for herbage improvement. The study sought to employ field survey and geostatistics to determine the spatial variability in herbage yield and grazing capacity in the south-eastern part of the coastal savanna rangelands of Ghana. It was hypothesized that there is spatial heterogeneity in herbage yield and grazing capacity in the coastal savanna rangelands of Ghana. This study employed field survey to estimate point herbage yield and grazing capacity at 109 randomly selected sites. The herbage yield and grazing capacity point estimates were integrated into geostatistics. Estimates of herbage yield and grazing capacity were made for the entire area using ordinary kriging interpolation. The heterogeneity in herbage yield and grazing capacity were evident from the results with herbage yield ranging between 0.58 and 7.21 tha-1 and grazing capacity between 0.4 and 4.94 tropical livestock unit (TLU) ha-1. The root mean square errors (RMSE) of prediction were close to the average standard errors (0.98 and 1.06 for herbage yield; 0.79 and 0.71 for grazing capacity) indicating a high precision in prediction. Herbage yield and grazing capacity declined from the western to the eastern parts indicating the need for more functional intervention toward the eastern parts of the study area. Results of the study could be used to facilitate site-specific range management decisions to improve livestock production.
Testing the Effectiveness of an Avian Flight Diverter for Reducing Avian Collisions with Distribution Power Lines in the Sacramento Valley, California

ix Executive Summary. 1 1.0 Introduction. 5 2.0 Methods . 11 2.1. Methods . 12 2.2. Carcass Searches.14 2.3. Behavior Observations . 16 3.0 Analysis . 17 3.1. 1. Bias Estimates . 17 3.4.1. Flight Height. 18 3.4.2. Reaction Distance. 18 4.0 Results . 19 4.1. Carcass Counts . 19 4.1. 1. Bias Estimates . 19 4.2. Effect of Diverters.22 4.3. Flight Behaviors.24 5.0 Discussion. 27 5.1. Collision Estimates.27 5.2. Diverter Effectiveness Based on the Number of Carcasses Found at Control and Treatment Lines.28 5.3. Diverter Effectiveness Based on Flight Behavior at Control and Treatment Lines.30 5.4. Land Management Recommendations to Reduce Collisions . 31 6.0 References. 35
Sustainable Development : A Case for Female-Headed Households in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

Sustainable development for female-headed households in Niger Delta rural communities is needed to alleviate their suffering because there is heightened tension in the region. Sustainable development is about improving the lives of people; hence the need to raise the standard of living of female-headed households in the region. Therefore, the paper looked at sustainable development goals, potentials and lack in Niger Delta rural communities, causes of poverty, and cycle of frustration in the region. Recommendations were made to minimize the problems faced by female-headed households in the creeks.
The Effect Of Corporate Growth , Capital Structure On profitabilityand Corporate Value

High value of the company will increase investor’s confidence in the performance of the company and also on the company’s prospects so it is expected that firms that go public can increase the prosperity of the owners or shareholders. The aim of the research was to determine the direct and indirect effect of corporate growth, and capital structure on profitability and corporate value in manufacture companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2011-2016. The reasearch was done by downloading financial report and the summary of manufacture companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2011-2016. The sample was selected using purposive sampling technique based on the set criteria, so there were 68 companies. The data were analyzed withregresi data panel using software Eviews 9. The growth of companies was proxied with the change of total asset; capital structure was proxied with debt equity ratio, and profitability was proxied with return on equity. The results of the research indicate that the corporate growth has a direct positive signifikan effect on companie’ value. The corporate growth has a positive signifikan effect on profitability. Capital structure has positif signifikan affect profitability. Capital structure has a direct positivesignifikan effect on companies’ value. Profitability has a direct positive effect on companies’ value. Profitability is to mediate the effect of the corporate growth, capital structure on companies’ value.
Language as a meaning making resource in learning and teaching content: Analysing historical writing in content and language integrated learning

This article reports on a study of written production in content and language integrated learning (CLIL) with special emphasis on the ways linguistic resources are used in constructing historical meaning. The study utilizes the systemic functional framework (SFL) and its data consist of essays written in English (language of instruction) and in Finnish (students’ first language and language of instruction) by ten CLIL students and in English (the only language of instruction, students’ first or second language) by nine peers in international school (all grade 8 students, about 14 years of age). The discussion addresses the following questions: What are some of the features emerging in the written productions that reflect the use of language in constructing historical meaning in the light of systemic-functional linguistics? In particular, what characteristics of grammatical metaphor realized in terms of syntactic intricacy and thematic organization are observed in the English and Finnish essays of the CLIL students? The article concludes with a discussion of future research and pertinent pedagogical implications to CLIL environments.