Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘Non‐hypotensive’ hypovolaemia reduces ascending aortic dimensions in humans.

1. The notion that small, ‘non‐hypotensive’ reductions of effective blood volume alter neither arterial pressure nor arterial baroreceptor activity is pervasive in the experimental literature. We tested two hypotheses: (a) that minute arterial pressure and cardiac autonomic outflow changes during hypovolaemia induced by lower body suction in humans are masked by alterations in breathing, and (b) that evidence for arterial baroreflex engagement might be obtained from measurements of thoracic aorta dimensions. 2. In two studies, responses to graded lower body suction at 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 mmHg were examined in twelve and ten healthy young men, respectively. In the first, arterial pressure (photoplethysmograph), R‐R interval, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia amplitude (complex demodulation) were measured during uncontrolled and controlled breathing (constant breathing frequency and tidal volume). In the second, cross‐sectional areas of the ascending thoracic aorta were calculated from nuclear magnetic resonance images. 3. Lower body suction with controlled breathing resulted in an increased arterial pulse pressure at mild levels (5‐20 mmHg; ANOVA, P < 0.05) and a decreased arterial pulse pressure at moderate levels (40 mmHg; ANOVA, P < 0.05). Both R‐R intervals and respiratory sinus arrhythmia were negatively related to lower body suction level, whether group averages (general linear regression, r > 0.92) or individual subjects (orthogonal polynomials, 12 of 12 subjects) were assessed. 4. Aortic pulse area decreased progressively and significantly during mild lower body suction, with 47% of the total decline occurring by 5 mmHg. 5. These results suggest that small reductions of effective blood volume reduce aortic baroreceptive areas and trigger haemodynamic adjustments which are so efficient that alterations in arterial pressure escape detection by conventional means.
Induction of estrus in ovariectomized cows and heifers: effects of estradiol benzoate and gonadotropin releasing hormone.

Three experiments were conducted with ovariectomized (OVX) cows and heifers to investigate potential neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling estrous behavior. In Exp. 1, 10 OVX cows were treated with either 125 micrograms estradiol benzoate and 10 cc saline (125 micrograms EB + SAL), 125 micrograms EB and 500 micrograms gonadotropin releasing hormone (125 micrograms EB + GnRH), 250 micrograms EB and 10 cc SAL (250 micrograms EB + SAL), 250 micrograms EB and 500 micrograms GnRH (250 micrograms EB + GnRH) or 500 micrograms EB and 10 cc SAL (500 micrograms EB + SAL) in a replicated 5 X 5 Latin-square design. During the 48 h following EB injection, 2-h observation blocks were alternated with 2-h non-observation blocks. During each 2-h observation block, 14 behavioral interactions were monitored. The percentage of cows in estrus was lower for cows receiving 125 micrograms EB as compared with those given the higher doses. However, the cows receiving 125 micrograms EB + SAL did not differ in their estrous response from those receiving 125 micrograms EB + GnRH. The interval from injection to the onset of estrus and the duration of estrus were similar for all treatments. In Exp. 2, 10 OVX heifers were subjected to the same treatments and observation procedures utilized in Exp. 1. The results of Exp. 2 were similar to those of Exp. 1. In Exp. 3, 10 OVX cows were treated with either 300, 600, 1,200, 2,400 or 4,800 micrograms EB in a replicated 5 X 5 Latin-square design. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
New derivation of a third post-Newtonian equation of motion for relativistic compact binaries without ambiguity

A third post-Newtonian ~3PN! equation of motion for an inspiraling binary consisting of two spherical compact stars with strong internal gravity is derived under the harmonic coordinate condition using the strong field point particle limit. The equation of motion is complete in the sense that it is Lorentz invariant in the post-Newtonian perturbative sense, admits the conserved energy of the orbital motion, and is unambiguous, that is, with no undetermined coefficient. In this paper, we show explicit expressions of the 3PN equation of motion and an energy of the binary orbital motion in the case of a circular orbit ~neglecting the 2.5PN radiation reaction effect! and in the center of mass frame. It is argued that the 3PN equation of motion we obtained is physically unambiguous. Full details will be reported elsewhere.
Progress in Surface Passivation of Heavily Doped n-Type and p-Type Silicon by Plasma-Deposited AlO $_{\bm x}$/SiN$_{\bm x}$  Dielectric Stacks

We report an outstanding level of surface passivation for both n<sup>+</sup> and p<sup>+</sup> silicon by AlO<sub>x</sub>/SiN<sub>x</sub> dielectric stacks deposited in an inline plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) reactor for a wide range of sheet resistances. Extremely low emitter saturation current densities (J<sub>0e</sub>) of 12 and 200 fA/cm<sup>2</sup> are obtained on 165 and 25 Ω/sq n<sup>+</sup> emitters, respectively, and 8 and 45 fA/cm<sup>2</sup> on 170 and 30 Ω/sq p<sup>+</sup> emitters, respectively. Using contactless corona-voltage measurements and device simulations, we demonstrate that the surface passivation mechanism on both n<sup>+</sup> and p <sup>+</sup> silicon is primarily due to a relatively low interface defect density of <;10<sup>11</sup> eV<sup>-1</sup>cm<sup>-2</sup> in combination with a moderate fixed negative charge density of (1-2) × 10<sup>12</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. From advanced modeling, the fundamental surface recombination velocity parameter is shown to be in the order of 10<sup>4</sup> cm/s for PECVD AlO<sub>x</sub>/SiN<sub>x</sub> passivated heavily doped n<sup>+</sup> and p<sup>+</sup> silicon surfaces.
Intercellular Junctions in the Endothelium and the Control of Vascular Permeability a

One of the most relevant homeostatic activities of the endothelium is the regulation of exchanges between blood and lymphatic fluids, on one side, and tissues on the other. Vascular permeability is controlled, at least to a relevant extent, by endothelial cell-to-cell junctions. These structures are formed by a network of transmembrane adhesive proteins linked intracellularly to a well developed plasmalemma1 undercoat. 1-3 One of the typical characteristics of endothelial junctions is their dynamic organization. Endothelial cells are able to change the architecture of the junctions rapidly to allow the passage of plasma constituents and circulating blood cells. This effect, in most cases, is quickly reversible and the endothelium is able to disorganizeh-eorganize its intercellular junctions within minutes. Interendothelial junctions present a different degree of complexity4 along the vascular tree, responding to different functional requirements. They are well organized in large arteries or in the blood vessels of the brain, where the control of permeability must be strict, whereas they are primitive and almost disappear in the postcapillary venules, where cell extravasation and exchange of plasma constituents need to be particularly effi~ient. ~
PLANT UPTAKE OF CADMIUM, ZINC, AND MANGANESE FROM FOUR CONTRASTING SOILS AMENDED WITH Cd-ENRICHED SEWAGE SLUDGE

ABSTRACT Studies on the uptake of cadmium, zinc and manganese from Cd-enriched sewage sludge (0–80 mg Cd kg−1) amended Ultisol, Alfisol, Entisol and Vertisol by maize (Zea mays L.) followed by mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) revealed that in general, there was a progressive reduction in the dry matter yield of both the crops due to enhanced Cd concentrations in the soil-sludge mixture in all the soils except Ultisol. Significant enhancement in the Cd content of shoots of both the crops with increased sludge Cd was also noticed. Both native and Cd-enriched sewage sludge amendments enhanced the Zn content significantly but resulted in variable uptake of Mn by maize and mung bean shoots. Data on DTPA extractable Cd from soils (Ultisol, Alfisol and Entisol) after first crop (maize) harvest correlated significantly with forage Cd of second crop (mung bean) which indicated significant residual levels of Cd available for plant uptake.
Sex and age differences in serum potassium in the United States.

An association between low serum potassium and prolongation of the electrocardiographic QT interval and cardiac arrhythmia has been known for some time (1)(2)(3). High serum potassium has also been found to be independently associated with increased cardiovascular mortality (4). However, population distributions of serum potassium have not been published recently, and as a result, physicians may not appreciate the prevalence of abnormal concentrations in the population. Knowledge of the prevalence of abnormal serum potassium concentrations is important when prescribing diuretics or drugs that are arrhythmogenic in the presence of hypo- or hyperkalemia. This report describes the distribution by age and sex of serum potassium concentrations in the US population and provides data on the prevalence of abnormal concentrations. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a nationwide probability sample of the noninstitutionalized civilian population of the US. NHANES has been conducted on a periodic basis since the early 1970s. Baseline data collection usually includes a medical history, standardized medical examination, dietary assessment, laboratory tests, and anthropometric measurements. Serum potassium was measured in participants of the third survey (NHANES III), which was performed during the period 1988–1994. Frozen sera were collected and sent for analyses to the CDC. Potassium values were obtained only …
Screening for colorectal neoplasms with new fecal occult blood tests: update on performance characteristics.

BACKGROUND One type of fecal occult blood test (FOBT), the unrehydrated guaiac fecal occult blood test (GT), is recommended by the United States Preventive Services Task Force and the Institute of Medicine for use in screening programs, but it has relatively low sensitivity as a single test for detecting advanced colonic neoplasms (cancer and adenomatous polyps > or = 1 cm in diameter). Thus, improving the sensitivity of FOBT should make colon cancer screening programs that use these tests more effective. METHODS We assessed prospectively the performance characteristics of two newer FOBTs in 5841 subjects at average risk for colorectal cancer in a large group-model managed care organization. The tests evaluated included a sensitive GT, a fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and the combination of both tests. Patients with positive and negative test results were advised to have colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for detecting advanced neoplasms in the left colon within 2 years after the FOBT screening were evaluated for the two tests administered separately and in combination. RESULTS A total of 139 patients were diagnosed with advanced colorectal neoplasms (n = 14 cancers, n = 128 adenomas) within the 2 years following their initial FOBT screening. Sensitivity for detecting cancer was 81.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 47.8% to 96.8%) for the FIT alone and 64.3% (95% CI = 35.6% to 86.0%) for the sensitive GT and the combination test. Sensitivity for detecting advanced colorectal adenomas was 41.3% (95% CI = 32.7% to 50.4%) for the sensitive GT, 29.5% (95% CI = 21.4% to 38.9%) for the FIT, and 22.8% (95% CI =16.1% to 31.3%) for the combination test. Specificity for detecting cancer and adenomas was 98.1% (95% CI = 97.7% to 98.4%) and 98.4% (95% CI = 98.0% to 98.7%), respectively, for the combination test; 96.9% (95% CI = 96.4% to 97.4%) and 97.3% (95% CI = 96.8% to 97.7%), respectively, for the FIT; and 90.1% (95% CI = 89.3% to 90.8%) and 90.6% (95% CI = 89.8% to 91.4%), respectively, for the sensitive GT. CONCLUSIONS The FIT has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting left-sided colorectal cancer, and it may be a useful replacement for the GT.
Serum Level of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor as a Useful Parameter of Clinical Course in Patients with Wegener's Granulomatosis and Relapsing Polychondritis

Novel biological activities of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) have been rediscovered. In addition, elevation of the serum MIF level has been reported in different types of disorders, including various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In the present study, serum MIF levels were analyzed in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) and relapsing polychondritis. It was shown that the serum MIF levels in these patients were significantly higher than those of normal healthy controls. In a WG patient, the MIF level showed a good correlation with clinical symptoms and C-ANCA titers. Thus, serum MIF levels will be a useful laboratory parameter for following the clinical course of WG patients and determining medical treatment. The immunopathologic roles of MIF in these diseases are discussed.
Academic Self-Efficacy Partially Mediates the Relationship between Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation and Composite Attainment Score

A developing literature continues to testify to the relationship between higher socio-economic status (SES) and better academic attainment. However, the literature is complex in terms of the variety of SES and attainment indicators used. Against the backdrop of a Scottish Government initiative to close the attainment gap between higher and lower SES children, the present study examined the relationship between individual-level Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) and National Lower Tariff Score in school children in the West of Scotland. Results showed a practically significant relationship between SIMD and Tariff Score. This relationship was partially mediated by higher academic self-efficacy, so that higher belief in academic competency partially mediated the SIMD-Tariff Score relationship. Further, this partial mediation was robust to the influence of gender, sensation seeking, level of school attendance and past month frequency of Heavy Episodic Drinking. It is suggested that increasing attendance and perceived academic competence are viable ways (among others) of attempting to close the attainment gap.
i FILE CO 06 PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF MATCHED OLDER AND YOUNGER MEN DURING DRY-HEAT ACCLIMATION 0

Nine youns,:r and nine older men were matched (p>0.05) ior body weight, surface area, suv',m . dr . weight ratio. percent body fat and maximal aerobic power, but differed (p<0.05) in age by 25 years and regular weekly aerobic activity. After evaluation in a comfortable environment (220C.50% rh). these subjects were concurrently heat acclimated by treadmill walking (1.56 m.s "1 . 5% grade) for two 50min exercise bouts separated by 10-min rest for 10 consecutive days in a hot-dry (Ta.-49O C. rh=20%) environment. During the first day of heat exposure, performance time was 27 min longer (p<O.05) for the older men while final rectal and skin temperatures and heart rate were lower, and final total body sweat loss higher . (pd05--when compared to the younger men. These physiological advantages for the older men persisted for the first few days of exercise-heat acclimation 4p<k.05). By the end of acclimation, no physiological or performance time differences were observed between groups(p$4 .05). Final rated perceived exertion was generally higher (p -0.05) for the younger men throughout the acclimation period while final thermal sensation was higher -(p4.05) only on the first acclimation day. Sweating sensitivity, esophageal temperature at sweating onset, and the sweating onset time did not differ (p>b0.05) between groups either preor post-acclimation. Both plasma volume and total circulating protein increased p<. 05) from preto post-acclimation with no differences -" (p>O.05) between groups. Greater regular weekly aerobic activity for the older men was associated with their better initial performance during exercise in the heat: however, heat acclimation negated this advantag These findings would challenge the belief that ageing per se is associated with impairment of the thermoregulatory system at least through the fifth decade of life.
Instrumentality, aesthetics and symbolism of physical artifacts as triggers of emotion

Building on qualitative data collected from three groups of professionals who assessed the green colour of a public transportation bus, this paper develops a model of the relationship between physical artifacts and emotions. The model suggests that artifacts need to be analysed according to three conceptually distinct aspects: instrumentality, aesthetics and symbolism. These three aspects are suggested to arouse emotion through different mechanisms: a hygiene, a sensory and an associative mechanism. The model opens an arena for extensive future research on the role and influence of physical artifacts in general and on emotions in particular.
Constraint-Induced Therapy With Trunk Restraint for Improving Functional Outcomes and Trunk-Arm Control After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Studies have suggested that constraint-induced therapy combined with trunk restraint (CIT-TR) improves arm movement and reduces trunk compensation. Whether participants who receive CIT-TR can translate the benefits to real-life circumstances awaits further investigation. Objective The effects of distributed CIT-TR (dCIT-TR) on motor function, daily function, quality of life (QOL), and arm-trunk control were investigated. Design The study was a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Setting The study took place at 4 hospitals. Participants Participants were 57 people who had had a stroke 6 to 55 months earlier. Intervention Participants received a dose-matched intervention (2 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 3 weeks) of dCIT-TR, distributed constraint-induced therapy (dCIT), or control therapy. Measurements The Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Motor Activity Log, Frenchay Activities Index (FAI), and Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) were used to evaluate motor function, daily function, and QOL. Data for reaching kinematics were recorded. Results Participants receiving dCIT-TR and dCIT exhibited higher overall scores on the ARAT, FAI, and hand function domain of the SIS and better quality of movement and larger amount of use (of the affected arm) on the Motor Activity Log than participants in the control group. Participants receiving dCIT-TR further demonstrated greater improvements on the ARAT grip subscale and FAI outdoor activities scale than participants receiving dCIT or participants in the control group. However, participants receiving dCIT showed greater improvements on the strength domain of the SIS after training than participants receiving dCIT-TR or participants in the control group. Limitations Research with a larger sample size is needed. Conclusions Participants who received dCIT-TR were able to translate gains in arm-trunk control into functional performance and QOL, specifically in grip function and outdoor activities. A long-term study to examine the recovery course for force output may be needed to evaluate people's perception of less improvement in strength after dCIT-TR.
Peeling back the multiple layers of Twitter’s private disclosure onion: The roles of virtual identity discrepancy and personality traits in communication privacy management on Twitter

This study examined multiple layers of private disclosure on the microblogging site Twitter. Survey data (N = 375) were collected from current Twitter users (N = 198), nonusers (N = 116), and dropouts (N = 61). Data from current Twitter users revealed the existence of multiple strata of private disclosure boundaries on Twitter. There were significant differences at the descriptive and inferential levels among the multiple dimensions of private information, including daily lives, social identity, competence, socio-economic status, and health. Private information regarding daily lives and entertainment was disclosed easily and located at the outermost layer of the disclosure onion. In contrast, health-related private information was concealed and located within the innermost layer of the disclosure onion. ANOVAs (N = 375) also indicated that there were significant differences among current Twitter users, nonusers, and dropouts with regard to personality traits and privacy concerns about Twitter. Theoretical implications were discussed.
New complete mitochondrial genome of the Odontobutis potamophila (Perciformes, Odontobutidae): genome description and phylogenetic performance

Abstract A new complete sequence of mitochondrial genome of Odontobutis potamophila has been reported. It was 16,843 bp and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and 1 control region. Except for 8 tRNA and ND6 genes, all other mitochondrial genes were encoded on the heavy strand. Phylogenetic comparison proved that ND4, ND5 and ND6 genes might be dependable “leading” indicators of lineage divergence in Odontobutis obscurus. Also, COII, ND5 and cytb genes are useful in examining intraspecific population genetic diversity.
Induction of patients with moderately severe methadone dependence onto buprenorphine

Current clinical practice allows patients with low levels of physiological dependence on opioids (equivalent to methadone doses of 30 ? mg/d or less) to be transferred to buprenorphine. This study investigated the response of opioid – dependent patients receiving doses of methadone between 30 – 70 ? mg/d when transferred to buprenorphine at doses between 12 – 16 ? mg/d. Twenty‐three patients receiving inpatient opioid detoxification agreed to take part in a trial of facilitated transfer to buprenorphine. Following the last morning dose of methadone, buprenorphine was substituted in doses increasing from 4 ? mg to a maximum of 16 ? mg, with adjunctive lofexidine (maximum of 2.4 ? mg/d). All except two patients successfully completed transfer to buprenorphine. To investigate the effect of initial methadone dose, the group was split into intermediate dose (ID; 30 – 49 ? mg/d; n = 10) and high dose (HD; 50 – 70 ? mg/d; n = 11) groups. Average stabilisation dose of buprenorphine for the sample who completed transfer was 14.0 ? mg/d (SD 2.3) and average daily lofexidine dose during transfer was 0.57 ? mg (SD 0.39). The HD group used significantly more lofexidine to complete transfer compared to the ID group. Increased opioid withdrawal symptoms, of mild severity as measured by the Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale (SOWS), were found in the HD group compared with the ID group during the first and last day of buprenorphine stabilisation. However, average SOWS scores for the whole of the period of transfer were not significantly different from those during the period of stabilisation on buprenorphine in either the ID or HD groups. This study suggests that transfer to buprenorphine is relatively uncomplicated from daily methadone doses of 30 – 70mg in an inpatient setting and may be facilitated by use of lofexidine. This procedure may allow a larger proportion of opioid‐dependent patients access to buprenorphine treatment.