Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Degree of Market Power in the Export Demand for Nigerian Cocoa: An Analysis of Dutch Market

The study examined the degree of market power in the export demand for Nigerian Cocoa with focus on the Dutch Market. The study covered the periods of 1961–2007 and data comprised published national aggregates on specific trade and macroeconomic variables from reputable sources. Two Stage Least Squares (2 SLS) approach was used in the estimation after instrumenting for simultaneity and establishing stationarity alongside cointegration relationship. Findings, on the demand side, showed that the demand for cocoa increases as income of Netherlands (importing country) increases. Total production of the non– participating countries traced out a positive relationship with demand for cocoa by the importing country while the coefficient of price of Coffee (substitute crop) possessed a negative sign. On the supply relation side, the demand for the export crop has a negative sign, indicating decreasing marginal output with respect to cost while the proxy for ocean freight rate with its negative sign, imply increasing export cost. The result further showed that there is relative competitiveness in the Dutch market on the strength of a market power coefficient -0.712 with a Lerner index of 0.122. Based on the findings, the study calls for government intervention in the agricultural export subsector with the aim to revitalize the country’s agricultural export capacity and enhance her market power via increased market shares. These interventions could be in the form of input/production subsidies, targeted export promotion programs, farm settlement, expanded export processing zones to mention but a few.
Engineering Microbial Physiology with Synthetic Polymers

• Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. • Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. • User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (? ) • Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain.
Working at Play: BDSM Sexuality in the San Francisco Bay Area

In this article, I argue that BDSM sexuality should be conceptualized as a form of "working at play. " Considering two dominant models of sexuality, identity and lifestyle, I argue that BDSM is more fluid and less binary than identity Moreover, while lifestyle focusses attention on BDSM as consumptive labour, this model does not adequately address the pleasure or sociality BDSM practitioners themselves emphasize. Instead, I argue that "working at play" recognizes the ways that practi- tioners move between registers of work (productive labour) and play (creative recombination). This analysis situates BDSM (and other sexualities) within the shifting cultural geography of U.S. late-modernity, drawing attention to the ways sexuality blurs boundaries between individual-social, real-pretend and leisure-labour.
qu an tph ] 9 S ep 2 01 6 Energy-Efficient Quantum Computing

Joni Ikonen, ∗ Juha Salmilehto, and Mikko Möttönen 3 QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI–00076 Aalto, Finland Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. University of Jyväskylä, Department of Mathematical Information Technology, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland. (Dated: October 3, 2018)
SIMULATION OF HETEROJUNCTION SILICON SOLAR CELLS

Solar modules based on single crystal and polycrystalline silicon have almost a 90% share of the total world market, primarily because of their stable, robust and reliable characteristics. For these reasons, a great deal of attention is devoted to improving their characteristics and especially their efficiency. One of the many approaches includes HIT solar cells (hetero-junction solar cell with an intrinsic thin amorphous layer) fabricated at temperatures below 300C. In this paper, the electrical characteristics of HIT solar cells are simulated by using the TCAD Silvaco software package. The structure of HIT solar cell is optimized in order to obtain their maximum efficiency. In addition, the modifications of the simulation procedure, which allow the simulation of HIT solar cell, are described.
Effect of a School-based Nutrition Education Program on the Nutritional Status of Primary School Children

Background and Objectives: Regarding the high prevalence of unhealthy food habits among Iranian children, we aimed to assess the effect of a school-based nutrition education program on nutritional status of primary school students in Shiraz. Materials and Methods: This randomized educational controlled trial was carried out on 221 primary school age children selected by cluster sampling in the elementary schools of Shiraz-Iran. The intervention consisted of 6 nutrition education sessions carried out through one year for children, using active learning methods. Mothers’ education was carried out in person in both lecture and question-answer sessions also via sending text messages and pamphlets. Weight, height and waist circumference (WC) of children were measured before and after the intervention. Also a 168-item food frequency questionnaire was completed. Two separate nutrition knowledge questionnaires were filled up by children and their mothers. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: 171 children (83 in the case and 88 in the control group), aged 9.5-10.5 years, completed the study. Anthropometric and nutritional knowledge of the participants in both the intervention and control groups was significantly increased. Weight, height, WC and nutritional knowledge increased significantly more in the intervention group compared to the controls. Consumption of fruits and vegetables decreased in the intervention group while plain sugar and fast foods intake increased among the controls. There were no significant differences between the changes in the intake of any of the food groups in the two groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, the designed nutrition education program could increase students’ nutritional knowledge, and lead to a non-significant change towards reducing the consumption of unhealthy foods such as fast foods, sweets and salty snacks.
Spectroscopy on the B 850 Band of Individual Light-Harvesting 2 Complexes of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila I . Experiments and Monte Carlo Simulations

The electronic structure of the circular aggregate of 18 bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a) molecules responsible for the B850 absorption band of the light-harvesting 2 (LH2) complex of the photosynthetic purple bacterium Rhodopseudomonas acidophila has been studied by measuring fluorescence-excitation spectra of individual complexes at 1.2 K. The spectra reveal several well-resolved bands that are obscured in the single, broad B850 band observed in conventional absorption measurements on bulk samples. They are interpreted consistently in terms of the exciton model for the circular aggregate of BChl a molecules. From the energy separation between the different exciton transitions a reliable value of the intermolecular interaction is obtained. The spectra of the individual complexes allow for a distinction between the intraand the intercomplex disorder. In addition to the random disorder, a regular modulation of the interaction has to be assumed to account for all the features of the observed spectra. This modulation has a C2 symmetry, which strongly suggests a structural deformation of the ring into an ellipse.
Physicochemical properties and survivability of probiotics in bio-doogh containing wild thyme essence and xanthan gum

In this study, the effect of kakuti or wild thyme (Ziziphora clinopodioids) essence and Xanthan gum on survivability of Bifidobacterium lactis in Iranian yogurt drink (doogh) was evaluated. The kakuti essence was added at concentrations of 50 and 75 μl. The levels of added Xanthan gum were 0, 0.075 and 0.15%. Samples were analyzed after 1, 15, 30 and 45 days of storage. The results of statistical analysis showed that by increasing the amounts of Xanthan gum to 0.075%, B. lactis count increased 1.2 log CFU/ml significantly (P<0.05), but further increasing of the gum, had no significant effect on B. lactis count (p>0.05). Moisture content was decreased as the amounts of Xanthan gum increased. Stability, viscosity and texture score were increased significantly (P<0.05). Samples containing 0.15% of xanthan gum were completely stable during storage period. The acidity increased in all samples during storage and the highest acidity was observed for samples containing xanthan gum. The results of sensory evaluation showed that the flavor scores were decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the amount of essence was increased from 50 to 70 μl. According to the obtained results, at least 0.15% of xanthan gum is necessary to produce a completely stable doogh, although increasing the gum concentration to more than 0.075% did not have any significant effect on the viability of B. lactis. The favorable amount of kakuti essence was observed to be 50 μl. Thus, these additives could be used at the said amounts successfully without having detrimental effects on bio-doogh.
5 September 2007 1 THE IMPACTS OF INCOME TRANFER PROGRAMS ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND POVERTY IN BRAZIL : AN INTEGRATED MICROSIMULATION AND COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS

This research intends to assess the efficiency of the Governmental income transfer programs in achieving their purposes of alleviating poverty and reducing the inequality in income distribution in Brazil. After evaluating the impacts of the current programs, we also intend to simulate the effects of alternative designs for these programs in order to generate proposals that can be used as inputs that can help to improve the income transfer programs in achieving their purposes in a more strong and effective way.
In vitro and In vivo Antifungal Activity of Culture Filtrates and Organic Extracts of Penicillium sp. and Gliocladium spp. against Botrytis cinerea

Eight isolates of Penicillium sp. and two isolates of Gliocladium spp. were tested in vitro and in vivo for their inhibitory effects against Botrytis cinerea, causal agent of tomato fruit grey mold. The biocontrol essays conducted in vitro revealed that the culture filtrates of the isolates tested have significantly reduced the mycelial growth of the pathogen. The filtrates of the isolate CH6 of Penicillium sp. applied at different concentrations (10, 15 and 20% v/v), was most effective in reducing B. cinerea colony diameter. The ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of the isolates CH6 of Penicillium sp. , Gc1 of G. catenulatum and Gv1 of G. virens have shown an inhibitory effect of the pathogen radial growth, at the concentrations used (1, 2.5 and 5% v/v). In addition to the reduction of the mycelial growth of B. cinerea, these antagonistic agents have induced important morphological alterations to the mycelium of the pathogen. These antagonists were applied to tomato fruits 2 hours before their inoculation with the pathogen. Tested as culture filtrates, the most effective isolates CH11 and MC1 of Penicillium sp. and Gv1 of G. virens had significantly reduced the severity of the disease compared to the inoculated and untreated control fruits. Similar effects were recorded using the ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of the tested antagonists; those of CH6 and CH5 of Penicillium sp. and Gc1 of G. catenulatum were found to be the most effective in reducing severity grey mold. Thus, this study showed the presence of bioactive molecules in the culture filtrates of the antagonistic agents used and also allowed the selection of effective isolates for grey mold disease control.
The Inverted Classroom in a First-Year Engineering Course

Kathleen A. Harper is a faculty lecturer in the Engineering Education Innovation Center at The Ohio State University. She received her M.S. in physics and B.S. in electrical engineering and applied physics from Case Western Reserve University, and her Ph.D. in physics from The Ohio State University. She has been on the staff of Ohio State’s University Center for the Advancement of Teaching, in addition to teaching in both the physics department and college of engineering. Her research interests address a broad spectrum of educational topics, but her specialty is in how people learn problem solving skills.
Galaxy formation in the Planck Millennium: the atomic hydrogen content of dark matter haloes

We present recalibrations of the GALFORM semi-analytical model of galaxy formation in a new N-body simulation with the Planck cosmology. The Planck Millennium simulation uses more than 128 billion particles to resolve the matter distribution in a cube of $800$ Mpc on a side, which contains more than 77 million dark matter haloes with mass greater than $2.12 \times 10^{9} h^{-1} {\rm M_{\odot}}$ at the present day. Only minor changes to a very small number of model parameters are required in the recalibration. We present predictions for the atomic hydrogen content (HI) of dark matter halos, which is a key input into the calculation of the HI intensity mapping signal expected from the large-scale structure of the Universe. We find that the HI mass $-$ halo mass relation displays a clear break at the halo mass above which AGN heating suppresses gas cooling, $\approx 3 \times 10^{11} h^{-1} M_{\rm \odot}$. Below this halo mass, the HI content of haloes is dominated by the central galaxy; above this mass it is the combined HI content of satellites that prevails. We find that the HI mass - halo mass relation changes little with redshift up to $z=3$. The bias of HI sources shows a scale dependence that gets more pronounced with increasing redshift.
Taphonomic Evidence of Bone Processing from the Oligocene of Northwestern Nebraska

I examine bone processing in autochthonous assemblages of coprolites and fossil bone, representing about 80,000 years of early Oligocene deposition and bone accumulation, from volcaniclastic floodplain sediments of the Orella Member of the Brule Formation (White River Group) in northern Sioux County. , Nebraska. The samples were collected using brooms to sweep fossiliferous surface litter from small areas within University of Nebraska State Museum (UNSM) localities Sx-6 (0.08 km2) and Sx-7 (0.05 km2) during 1989-1991. The coprolites (n = 1,250) contained teeth and bones of didelphid marsupials, lagomorphs, camels, oreodonts, leptomerycids, hypertragulids, and canids. Based on their size, degree of fragmentation, types of breakage, corrosion by stomach acids, bone articulation, skeletal part representation, and prey fauna composition of their contained bone, the coprolites were likely produced by a carnivore having a body size and feeding habits similar to the coyote, Canis latrans. Based on body sizes and dentitions of Orellan carnivores, the large amphicyonid Daphoenus vetus likely produced most of the coprolites. Processing of the postcranial bone Sample (n=1,706) consisted of gouging, pitting, spalling, and transverse scratching by mammalian carnivores and rodent gnawing. Based on the frequency, style, and distribution of bone processing observed on five size groups of postcranial bone fragments, the bone assemblage was moderately processed by carnivores of several body sizes having canidlike dentitions and exhibiting "wolf-like" processing behaviors. Based on the body sizes and dentitions within Orellan carnivores, the canids Hesperocyon and Mesocyon, and the amphicyonids Daphoenus hartshornianus and D. vetus likely produced most of the bone
The effect of Food Assistance on Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV/AIDS Patients in Sofala Province, in Mozambique: A Retrospective Study

Background: The availability of Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) has changed the course of HIV/AIDS, by transforming it into a chronic condition. However, important challenges remain in the management of HIV/AIDS. These challenges are exacerbated by the fact that in resource limited settings, food insecurity and HIV/AIDS overlap. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of a food assistance program on adherence to ART in Sofala province, Mozambique. Methods: In order to assess the effect of the food assistance program on adherence we used propensity score matching with difference in differences estimation. We compared food assistance recipients with controls. We measured adherence based on pill pick-up, a pharmacy adherence measure. Results: During the food assistance programme, the adherence of food assistance recipients who received food assistance for a period of six and 12 months and non-food assistance recipients is not significantly different as the average impact is only 0.4% (p=0.94) and -2.3% (p=0.73) respectively. For the period after food assistance had been terminated, adherence is still not significantly different between the two groups, as the average impact is 5.3% (p=0.44) and 1.9% (p=0.65). Conclusion: Our study suggests that food assistance provided to HIV/AIDS patients in Sofala province in Mozambique had no effect on their adherence to ART. Our results indicate that although efforts have been put forth to reduce food insecurity among HIV/AIDS patients, more should be done to ensure that these efforts really result in the improvement of adherence to ART.
International Conference on Alternative Energy in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies Effect of TiO 2 Incorporated with Al 2 O 3 on the Hydrodeoxygenation and Hydrodenitrogenation CoMo Sulfide Catalysts

The influence of TiO2 incorporation in Al2O3 support was investigated in the catalytic activity of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) reactions. Alumina–titania supported CoMo sulfide catalysts (mole ratio 1:0, 1:0.25, 1:50, 1:0.75, and 0:1) were prepared by sol-gel method. The CoMo sulfide catalysts were characterized by BET, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR, XRD and TEM techniques. Guaiacol and quinoline were used as model compounds in HDO and HDN reactions, respectively. The liquid products were examined by GC-FID and GC-MS. The results suggest that TiO2 incorporated Al2O3 support obviously involves the catalytic activity on the HDO and HDN reactions. The role of the partial incorporation of TiO2 into Al2O3 was discussed. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of 2015 AEDCEE.
Ageing Effects of Na-Alginate/PEO Spinning Solution on Electrospinnability and Morphology of Nanofibres

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) loaded alginate nano-fibres were produced by electrospinning of the 4 % (w/w) of 70:30 Na-alginate/PEO spinning solution. In this research, the effects of solution viscosity and storage time of the spinning solution on fibre diameter and morphology were studied. Results show that the viscosity of the spinning solution was 2284 cP at the age of day 1, which was dropped slowly and reached at 2184 cP until day 5. However, the viscosity sharply decreased after 5 days of storing and the mean diameter of the fibres remain similar until 20 days though the uniformity of the fibre diameters decreased significantly. At day 40, the viscosity of the spinning solution dropped 48 cP which yields beads-onstring fibres. The solutions of 5 days and 10 days old produced smooth and uniform nanofibres having mean diameter of 133 nm and 132 nm, respectively. They also produced stable electrospinning fibre jet compared to other solutions. Overall, the results revel that the electrospinnability of Naalginate/PEO spinning solution remain suitable until 10 days of storing time.
ANALYSIS OF THE TV REGULARIZATION AND H − 1 FIDELITY MODEL FOR DECOMPOSING AN IMAGE INTO CARTOON PLUS TEXTURE

We study the Osher-Sol´e-Vese model [11], which is the gradient ﬂow of an energy consisting of the total variation functional plus an H − 1 ﬁdelity term. A variational inequality weak formulation for this problem is proposed along the lines of that of Feng and Prohl [7] for the Rudin-Osher-Fatemi model [12]. A regularized energy is considered, and the minimization problems corresponding to both the original and regularized energies are shown to be well-posed. The Galerkin method of Lions [9] is used to prove the well-posedness of the weak problem corresponding to the regularized energy. By letting the regularization parameter (cid:15) tend to 0, we recover the well-posedness of the weak problem corresponding to the original energy. Further, we show that for both energies the solution of the weak problem tends to the minimizer of the energy as t → ∞ . Finally, we ﬁnd the rate of convergence of the weak solution of the regularized problem to that of the original one as (cid:15) ↓ 0.
Low Hemoglobin Levels in Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Background: Studies have shown that anemia is twice as common in diabetics compared with nondiabetics. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anemia in diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) patients and it’s correlation with infection. Methods: This study was conducted from October 2015 to the end of February 2016 and consisted of (55) Iraqi diabetic patients with foot ulcer that sub grouped to patients with non infected diabetic foot patients (n=25, group NIDFU), and patients with infected diabetic foot (n=30, group IDFU) according to erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Anthropometric indices and clinical examinations were done. Anemia is defined according to WHO as hemoglobin (Hb) levels <12 g/dL. Statistical analysis was done using t-test and Pearson correlation. Results: ESR of group NIDFU (25.2±14.26 mm/hr) was significantly lower (P = <0.001) in comparison to that of group IDFU (76.73±33.39 mm/hr). The mean values of Hb of NIDFU group (13.45±2.15 g/dl) was significantly higher (P = <0.001) than that of IDFU group (11.34±2.17 g/dl). In IDFU group; 63% were anemic while only 32% of NIDFU group have anemia. Pearson correlation of ESR in IDFU group revealed significant negative correlation with Hb (r= −0.386; P <0.05), while no significant correlation with Hb (r= 0.404; P >0.05) was found in NIDFU group. Conclusion: This prospective study showed a high incidence of anemia in patients with IDFU in contrast to NIDFU and a negative correlation was found between anemia and infection. Iron replacement and therapeutic strategies are recommended.
JOURNALISTS’ PERCEPTION OF BROWN ENVELOPE SYNDROME AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR JOURNALISM PRACTICE IN NIGERIA

This study examined journalists‟ perception of the brown envelope syndrome and its implication for journalism practice in Nigeria. It surveyed some selected journalists as well as interviewed other journalism practitioners to reach the conclusion that greed is the major cause of the brown envelope syndrome in Nigeria. The paper also noted that this ignoble practice influences journalism practice negatively as some important issues are downplayed while unimportant ones are exaggerated in a bid to satisfy the givers of these brown envelopes. The paper concludes that giving and/or accepting of brown envelopes is corrupt and unprofessional conduct that must be punished and stopped. It therefore recommended that media professional bodies should be serious in maintaining ethics in the media industry by sanctioning defaulting journalists and by so doing, ensure highest professional conduct of members in all situations. Key words: Brown envelope syndrome, Ethics, Professionalism, Media, Journalists, Nigeria.