Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sports and health : the influence of motivational orientation on body image and doping behaviors

Health is much talked about topic in today’s society, likewise with sports. Sports and exercise have been introduced has an entranceway to healthier living styles. But increasing reports about how athletes and exercisers use doping agents that are contrary to health beliefs and recommendations from the World Anti-Doping Agency are found in the media. Body Image and eating disorders has also seen a rise in media reports, especially in the sporting world. Athletes are now models and are visible in all realms. Healthy attitudes and approaches to ones sports has been studied using self-determination theory’s motivation orientations. Intrinsic motivation has shown strong correlations to athletic enjoyment, performance improvement and healthier lifestyles while extrinsic orientations has previously shown unhealthier sporting behaviors such as doping use. No previous study has tried to relate all three variables to establish construct to help coaches and trainers identify unhealthy behaviors. The paper discusses the health implications of motivation orientation, performance enhancement drugs, and body image and eating disorders. Study: A study relating motivation orientation, doping behaviors and body image problems was conducted among local high school and college intramural athletes. Results showed that being task oriented was a protective factor against doping behaviors but no relation was found for neither motivation orientation and body image nor doping behaviors and body image. Conclusion: Body image is a complicated factor that cannot be explained by motivation orientation. Motivation orientation was shown to be a protective factor against doping behaviors. Sports and Health: The Influence of Motivational Orientation on Body Image and Doping Behaviors Master i Helse og Sosial Psykologi Ric Lugo Universitet I Oslo
Ambiguity and Gender Differences in Financial Decision Making: An Experimental Examination of Competence and Confidence Effects

This paper reports the results of an experiment that brings together psychological measures of competence and overconfidence with laboratory economic measures of individual valuations of uncertainty. We examine the valuations of risky and ambiguous lotteries in a financial decision context. The experiment can be viewed in two parts. The first part replicates an experimental design reported by Heath and Tversky (1991) but within a financial market context. This part produces two measures: 1) competence, the perception of feeling knowledgeable or competent in an area and 2) overconfidence, the well documented result that many individuals overestimate their ability. These measures, together with an indicator of objective knowledge, were used to explain elicited certainty equivalents in the second part of the experiment. Certainty equivalents were elicited for lotteries that were contingent on the price movements of real stock and bond funds, the price changes of simulated virtual funds, and pure risk lotteries. These represent three different levels of uncertainty: two-sided ambiguity, one-sided ambiguity and pure risk. Our results show a significant relationship between individual overconfidence and competence measures and elicited values of lotteries in a financial decision context. Further, the interaction of overconfidence, competence and knowledge measures with gender produce nearly opposite effects.
Cladistic analysis of Sericania (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Sericini) - implications for the evolution of the xerophilous fauna of the Himalaya

Kew words. Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini, Sericania, taxonomy, cladistic analysis, biogeography, Himalaya, Tibet Abstract. A cladistic analysis of the species of Sericania Motschulsky, 1860, was executed using fifty-six morphological characters of adults. The monophyly of the genus is supported by the phylogenetic trees generated. Among the three major lineages indicated by the strict consensus tree the East Asian Sericania fuscolineata lineage represents the genus Sericania as defined "originally" and adopted by subsequent authors. The second, the clade Sericania nepalensis group + Sericania sp. 2, is a sister group to the S. fusco- lineata clade. Both constitute a sister group to the third major lineage, the Sericania kashmirensis clade, which is endemic in the drier North-West Himalaya where it is the most diverse monophyletic group of Sericini. Provided that the stem species of the S. kashmirensis clade was xerophilous, the origin of this clade can not predate the early Miocene. Based on paleoclimatical and geo- logical data, two competing hypotheses are proposed to explain the evolution of the xerophilous Sericania lineage: (a) a basal split- ting within Sericania occurred because of the altitudinal and climatic barrier posed by the Himalaya, which separated the xerophilous lineage in the north (Tibet) from the hygrophilous lineage in the south-east (S slope of Himalaya/ Tibet), or (b) it was a consequence of the increase in the climatic east-west contrast along the southern slope of the Himalaya, which strengthened with the onset of monsoons 8 Ma ago.
Determination of Microbial Dynamics and Some Metabolite Formation of Semi-Dried Tarhana Produced from Home-Made Yoghurt

In this study, home-made yoghurt samples was used for making tarhana and microbial and metabolic features of different semi-dried tarhana samples were analyzed. Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts were isolated from home-made yoghurt and semi-dried tarhana. Molecular characterization of isolates was performed with PCR approach using species-specific primers. Each sample was analyzed in terms of metabolite profile by using HPLC. Lactic acid contents of yoghurt were varied between 27.87±1.61 and 165.32±0. 30µg/g, while this acid was between 1.70±0.35 and 22.03±1.05 µg/g values in semi-dried tarhana. Acetaldehyde was found in the range of 15.32±2.56 and 179.37±3. 99µg/g in yoghurt and of 1.89±0.25 and 61.08±1.35 µg/g in semi-dried tarhana.
The flexural behaviour of SCC beams pre-stressed with BFRP

Corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete bridges leads to costly maintenance and repairs. As a result, the application of FRP materials as an alternative to steel has developed increasing interest in the last decade. This can be attributed to the FRP's potential to be utilised within sustainable infrastructure as a lightweight, non-corrosive material with high tensile strength. A perceived issue regarding the use of FRP bars is the lower elastic modulus despite the higher tensile strength in comparison to conventional reinforcing steel resulting in greater deflections of beams under similar loading. A solution is to pre-stress concrete beams to reduce deflections. Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) is an alternative to E-Glass or Aramid FRP. This report details an experimental investigation into the behaviour of concrete beams pre-stressed with BFRP bars and describes the development of a pre-stressing method. Beams were subjected to four-point flexural testing under load control conditions with the SLS and ULS behaviour observed and compared with reinforced beams under no pre-stress. Furthermore, BFRP was cast in self-compacting concrete (SCC) using waste material to partially replace Portland cement thus providing a durable, homogenous, low carbon alternative. Test variables considered include the pre-stress material and beams with and without pre-stress. This research is part of a FP7 EiroCrete project with the aim to develop zero maintenance, low energy solutions to reduce the long-term costs associated with infrastructure projects.
ubduction of the Western Pacific Plate underneath Northeast China: mplications of numerical studies

The geodynamic process of the deep subduction of the western Pacific Plate underneath Northeast China is critical for understanding the extensional events and volcanism in Northeast China. Understanding of this process depends on: (1) the initial time of the subduction, (2) the trench retreat velocity during the subduction process, (3) the contribution of Indian-Eurasian collision and Pacific-Eurasian subduction to extensional events in the northeast of China. However, information on these three issues is very limited.
Rural–urban migration brings conservation threats and opportunities to Amazonian watersheds

The spatial distribution and growth of human populations have been overlooked by current debates concerning the impact of rural–urban migration for forest conservation in tropical countries. We investigated human settlement and population change in the Brazilian Amazon, combining government census data with field surveys along rivers. Rural populations were clustered and growing within 300 km of urban centers, whereas depopulation and land abandonment dominated farther from towns. The permanently inhabited extent of rivers contracted by 33 ± 8 SE% in recent decades, and households farther upriver were more likely to be considering rural–urban migration. However, harvesting of aquatic and terrestrial wildlife by nonresidents continued into headwater regions, hundreds of kilometers beyond the last household on any given river. Policy makers should consider that expanding cities may drive deforestation and overexploitation near towns while unclear property rights threatens overharvesting and unregulated land speculation in abandoned headwaters.
Stem cells in the adult heart - 3D culture, isolation of side population cells and search for a stem cell niche

Cardiac tissue shows a poor regenerative capacity. From 2003 reports, mostly based on animal models, have showed existence of stem cells also in the heart. Using 14C measurements, a slow but steady turnover of the cardiac cells was shown in humans, around 1%/year. As a source for this regeneration endogenous stem cells have been suggested. The aim of this thesis was to identify, isolate and characterize cardiac stem cells and to find their niche. Therefore, in Study I a new “High Density Sphere” 3D culture system was adopted where cardiacand progenitor biomarker levels increased over time. In Study II Side Population progenitors were isolated from the left human atria. In Study III the distribution of label retaining cells was investigated, throughout the adult rat heart and a region in the Atrio Ventricular junction (AVj) was proposed as a potential stem cell niche. To assess translatability human AVj was explored in Study IV. The concomitant appearance of all of the selected stem cell biomarkers in the AVj indicated that the normal human heart also harbours a potential stem cell niche which to our knowledge has not been described previously. The location of these findings in the humans coincides with the same region in rat hearts. In conclusion we propose a new, 3D in vitro system for studies of cardiac cell phenotypes, identified Side Population cells and found an anatomic site, with features of a stem cell niche in rats and humans. The function of these potential niches is important to investigate in future. With these findings, we hope to contribute to better understanding of basic concepts of cardiac regeneration; an important step towards improved future therapies for patients.
Statistical optimization of production conditions of alkaline pectin lyase from Bacillus cereus using response surface methodology

Abstract Alkaline pectin lyase finds applications in the degumming and retting of plant fibres, textile industry and pectic wastewater treatment where it degrades highly methylesterified pectin without prior action of any other pectinase. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been frequently utilized for the optimization of production process of industrially important enzymes from microbes. In the present work, fermentation conditions for the production of pectin lyase from Bacillus cereus were optimized using the factorial and central composite design of RSM. The cubic order polynomial regression model was found to be adequate and significant with a determination coefficient R2 of 0.9505 (p < .0001). The ANOVA analysis and three-dimensional surface plots confirmed interaction among variables. The optimum values of variables were found to be pectin 4% (w/v), sodium carbonate 1% (w/v), manganese sulphate 0.055% (w/v) and magnesium sulphate 0.018% (w/v) at 150 rpm under response surface curves. After optimization using RSM, the experimental value of maximum activity of enzyme (3.37 U/ml) was found higher but close to the predicted value (2.68 U/ml) and the enzyme activity increased by 1.32-fold against activity of 1.43 U/ml using manual optimization.
Cross-linguistic semantic prosody: The case of ‘commit’, ‘signs of’ and ‘utterly’ and their Norwegian correspondences

This paper reports on a contrastive study of semantic prosody in English and Norwegian. Semantic prosody refers to the communicative function of extended units of meaning (Sinclair 1996, Stubbs 2013), i.e. «the semantic prosody of an item is the reason why it is chosen, over and above the semantic preferences that also characterise it» (Sinclair 1998: 20), where an item is equated with the sequence of words constituting an extended unit of meaning. The paper presents three case studies of English units with an established negative prosody containing the core items ‘commit’, ‘signs of’ and ‘utterly’. The Norwegian correspondences of these items are identified on the basis of a bidirectional corpus, viz. the English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus. These correspondences serve as the starting point for an investigation of cross-linguistic prosodies. It is shown that while units with ‘commit’ and ‘signs of’ have good Norwegian matches in terms of semantic prosody, units with ‘utterly’ are less stable across the two languages, underlining the importance of carrying out studies of this kind in order to improve the cross-linguistic understanding of extended units of meaning. This in turn has implications for how teachers, translators and lexicographers choose to present words in isolation or as part of larger, extended units.
Stratonovich-Weyl correspondence via Berezin quantization

Let G be a quasi-Hermitian Lie group and let K be a maximal compactly embedded subgroup of G. Let be a unitary repre- sentation of G which is holomorphically induced from a unitary repre- sentation of K. We introduce and study a notion of complex-valued Berezin symbol for an operator acting on the space of and the corre- sponding notion of Stratonovich-Weyl correspondence. This generalizes some results already obtained in the case when is a unitary character, see (19). As an example, we treat in detail the case of the Heisenberg motion groups.
How labour organization may affect technology adoption: an analytical framework analysing the case of integrated pest management

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an important component of sustainable agriculture. Farmers who switch from a more capital-intensive pesticide-based pest management strategy to IPM have to substitute capital with labour. The adoption of IPM will therefore depend, among other things, on the opportunity costs of labour. A simple model analyses the trade-off between IPM and current farmers' best practice in developing countries. Modifications of the model include different forms of labour organization in pest management, such as owner operated and short- and long-term labour contracts. The implications are that agricultural policies, environmental policies, and labour market policies can go hand in hand. Unfortunately, this will be more likely at a higher level of original pesticide use and hence a higher level of environmental costs.
Measurements and simulations of scattered neutrons in a water phantom

A recoil neutron spectrometer based on NE230 deuterated liquid scintillator (25 mm diameter × 25 mm) has been used to investigate neutron energy spectra of scattered neutrons at positions in and near to the beam axis in a water phantom irradiated by a quasi-monoenergetic 64 MeV neutron beam. An important feature of the spectrometer is that it is able to discriminate against backgrounds that can arise from n-p scattering in the water. Neutron energy spectra are obtained from measurements of pulse height spectra by the NE230 spectrometer using the Bayesian unfolding code MAXED. The experimentally measured energy spectra are compared with spectra calculated by Monte Carlo simulation using the code MCNPX.
Social, Biology and Economic Life of Children Links on Street-Begging in Bangladesh: A Cross-Cultural Multivariate Analysis

The study was conducted at four upazilas in Dhaka city of Bangladesh taking 70.73% boys and 29.29% girls using convenience sampling method. About 41.46% respondents were 2501-3000 BDT, 9.75% were 1001-1500 BDT and 3001-3500 BDT earners having 82.92% respondents no link with other occupations. Some 53.66% fathers of the respondents were rickshaw pullers, 17.07% farmers and beggars as well as 46.34% mothers of respondents were housewives, 26.83% beggars and day labors in occupation. About 60.97% respondents came in begging from the slums and 63.41% respondents adopt begging due to their poverty and 34.15% were forced beggars.
Sea ice contribution to the air–sea CO2 exchange in the Arctic and Southern Oceans

Although salt rejection from sea ice is a key process in deep-water formation in ice-covered seas, the concurrent rejection of CO2 and the subsequent effect on air–sea CO2 exchange have received little attention. We review the mechanisms by which sea ice directly and indirectly controls the air–sea CO2 exchange and use recent measurements of inorganic carbon compounds in bulk sea ice to estimate that oceanic CO2 uptake during the seasonal cycle of sea-ice growth and decay in ice-covered oceanic regions equals almost half of the net atmospheric CO2 uptake in ice-free polar seas. This sea-ice driven CO2 uptake has not been considered so far in estimates of global oceanic CO2 uptake. Net CO2 uptake in sea-ice–covered oceans can be driven by; (1) rejection during sea–ice formation and sinking of CO2-rich brine into intermediate and abyssal oceanic water masses, (2) blocking of air–sea CO2 exchange during winter, and (3) release of CO2-depleted melt water with excess total alkalinity during sea-ice decay and (4) biological CO2 drawdown during primary production in sea ice and surface oceanic waters.
Modeling spatial pattern of deforestation using GIS and logistic regression: A case study of northern Ilam forests, Ilam province, Iran

This study aimed to predict spatial distribution of deforestation and detects factors influencing forest degradation of Northern forests of Ilam province. For this purpose, effects of six factors including distance from road and settlement areas, forest fragmentation index, elevation, slope and distance from the forest edge on the forest deforestation were studied. In order to evaluate the changes in forest, images related to TM1988, ETM + 2001 and ETM + 2007 were processed and classified. There are two classes as, forest and non-forest in order to assess deforestation factors. The logistic regression method is used for modeling and estimating the spatial distribution of deforestation. The results show that about 19,294 ha from forest areas are deforested in the 19 years. Modeling results also indicate that more deforestation occurred in the fragmented forest cover and in the areas of proximity to forest/non forest edge. Furthermore, slope and distance from road and settlement areas had negative relationships with deforestation rates. Meanwhile, deforestation rate is decreased with increase in elevation. Finally, a simple spatial model is presented that is able to predict the location of deforestation by using logistic regression. The validation was also tested using ROC approach which was found to be 0.96. Key words : Deforestation modeling, remote sensing, logistic regression, Zagros forests, Ilam province, Ilam.
Peak Torque as an Indicator of Rapid Torque Production during Screening Examinations

Although the ability to produce force rapidly is an indispensable characteristic of optimal health and performance, screening for this very critical parameter of strength is difficult because of clinician time constraints. The purpose this study was to investigate relationships between peak torque (PT) and rate of torque development (RTD) at 0-30, 0-50, 0-100, and 0-200 ms in female collegiate soccer athletes. Seventeen female collegiate soccer athletes were recruited. Isometric PT and RTD were collected at the hip abductors (AB), hip adductors (AD), knee extensors (KE) and knee flexors (KF). The coefficients of determination were calculated to evaluate the association between PT and RTD. Normalized AB, AD and KF PT were significantly correlated to RTD at 0-30, 0-50, 0-100 and 0-200 ms, while KE PT was only significantly correlated to RTD at 0-100 and 0-200 ms. The results of this study indicate that PT is a viable, indirect indicator of early late phase RTD at separate time intervals at the AB, AD and KF. However, it is likely that other physiological factors coupled with PT are required to provide information on the rapid force production capabilities of the KFs and KEs based on the percent of common variance observed.
Czech self-efficacy scale for physical education majors towards children with disabilities

Backround: Including students with disabilities into general physical education (PE) is currently common practice in most European countries. SE-PETE-D is based on Bandura's self-efficacy model. SE-PETE-D measures self-efficacy of PE teacher education majors' toward including students with intellectual disabilities (ID), physical disabilities (PD) and visual impairment (VI) in PE frameworks. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of SE-PETE-D in Czech language. Methods: Transformation and standardization of the questionnaire was done in several steps. The English version of the questionnaire was translated into Czech, followed by back-translation procedure. The sample included 252 (101 females, 151 males) PE students from five Czech universities. We conducted Cronbach's alpha method for assessment of reliability and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for assessment of validity. Results: The coefficient of Cronbach's alpha reached good values (α for PD scale = .87, α for VI scale = .90, α for ID scale = .76). CFA performed for each subscale confirmed two factors in ID scale (F1 peers' instruction, F2 staying on task), three factors (F1 specific adaptations, F2 peers' instruction, F3 safety) in PD scale and two factors (F1 specific adaptations, F2 peers' instruction) in VI scale. CFA confirmed factor structure of Block, Hutzler, Barak, and Klavina (2013) results. The chi-square was significant in all models except for ID (p = .44), other goodness of fit measures demonstrated acceptable model fit. Conclusions: The particular subscales with the items confirmed exhibit significant construct validity evidence that they can be used to explore the impact of different programs on self-efficacy in PE teacher education students. However we have to continue in the process of validation of SE-PETE-D-CZ in the Czech setting.
11 R . 6 PRECIPITATION PHYSICS : THE STRUCTURE OF PRECIPITATION AND ITS MODELING IN SPACE AND TIME

Remote sensing measurements are outcome of the interaction between instrumental characteristics and observed fields. Thus, the quantitative definitions of the measurements are affected by the structure of precipitation fields as well as by the spatial and temporal resolutions. The uncertainty in rain estimates from radar measurements is greatly affected by the spatial and temporal variability of drop size distributions that is responsible for the large stochastic components in an RZ scatterplot as compared to the deterministic component. We investigate the correlation structure of the stochastic component and its connection to precipitation physics. We model the space-time variability of the stochastic component, to allow the study of the characteristics of remote sensing measurements and various correction techniques (raingage adjustment, attenuation corrections).