Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photofunctionalised Ti6Al4V implants enhance early phase osseointegration

Objectives Ultraviolet (UV) light-mediated photofunctionalisation is known to improve osseointegration of pure titanium (Ti). However, histological examination of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V), which is frequently applied in orthopaedic and dental surgery, has not yet been performed. This study examined the osseointegration of photofunctionalised Ti6Al4V implants. Methods Ti and Ti6Al4V implants were treated with UV light, and the chemical composition and contact angle on the surfaces were evaluated to confirm photofunctionalisation. The implants were inserted into femurs in rats, and the rats were killed two or four weeks after the surgery. For histomorphometric analysis, both the bone–implant contact (BIC) ratio and the bone volume (BV) ratio were calculated from histological analysis and microcomputed tomography data. Results The amount of carbon and the contact angle on both implants were significantly reduced after UV irradiation. The BIC ratios for both UV light-treated implants significantly increased at two weeks, but there was no significant difference at four weeks. There was no significant difference in the BV ratios between the UV light-treated and control implants at two or four weeks. Conclusions This study suggests that photofunctionalisation of Ti6Al4V implants, similar to that of Ti implants, may promotes osseointegration in early but not in the late phase of osseointegration. Cite this article: R. Yamauchi, T. Itabashi, K. Wada, T. Tanaka, G. Kumagai, Y. Ishibashi. Photofunctionalised Ti6Al4V implants enhance early phase osseointegration. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:331–336. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.65. BJR-2016-0221.R1.
Multiscale analysis of coronary branching and collateral connectivity: coupling vascular structure and perfusion in 3D

Transmurale vaten, die door de hartspier lopen, zijn verantwoordelijk voor specifieke lagen in het hart, elk met karakteristieke eigenschappen. Pepijn van Horssen onderzocht de ordening van de bloedvaten en de doorbloeding in het hart onderzocht. Hierbij gebruikte hij een unieke beeldverwerkingsmethode gebruikt, de cryomicrotoom, waarmee de bloedvaten zeer gedetailleerd en in drie dimensies worden bestudeerd. De ligging van vaten die een brug vormen tussen andere bloedvaten als natuurlijke bypass, zijn in het gezonde en zieke hart gekwantificeerd. Van Horssen testte eveneens een techniek voor een niet-invasieve diagnose van de ernst van een vaatvernauwing getoetst met de cryomicrotoom. Hij constateert dat de techniek goede resultaten kan geven voor klinische meetmethodes van wisselende beeldkwaliteit.
COMPREHENSIVE TESTING FOR THALASSEMIA TRAIT *

The thalassemias are a group of hereditary blood conditions that occur with considerable frequency in ethnic groups tracing their origins to countries that border the Mediterranean Sea, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia.l The conditions result from genetic defects causing deficient synthesis of hemoglobin polypeptide chains, and are manifested by microcytic, hypochromic anemias of varying degrees of severity. In the homozygous state, thalassemia genes cause severe and often lethal diseases for which there is no cure.2 The heterozygous state, thalassemia trait, is usually benign, but has clinical and genetic implications. Diagnosis of thalassemia trait is suggested by a familial microcytosis and is usually confirmed by demonstration of characteristic changes in the proportions of Hgb A? and F or unbalanced polypeptide chain synthe~is . ~-~ These latter diagnostic tests are somewhat complicated and expensive, and this has inhibited the screening of populations at risk for these defects. Techniques for rapid, accurate electronic measurement of red cell size have recently become available. A preliminary study at this institution by one of us (P.M.) indicated that about 25% of hospital patients with microcytosis determined with an electronic cell counter (Coulter Model S) had thalassemia trait.6 This suggested that measurement of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) might be used as a screening test for thalassemia trait but did not indicate its reliability. The present report describes a comprehensive testing program for thalassemia trait in high-risk populations. This program included education, voluntary testing with evaluation of several screening methods, and individual genetic counseling. The program was designed to conform with the recommendations of the Institute of Society, Ethics and Life Sciences regarding the initiation and operation of genetic screening programs. ’
Spina bifida in a 13‐week fetus with a normal intracranial translucency

A 34-year-old Caucasian woman, gravida 0, para 0 was referred at 13 weeks and 2 days to our tertiary center because she requested a chorionic villus sample (CVS) in spite of a 1/6825 estimated risk for Down syndrome at first-trimester combined test. She was on daily 0.4 mg of folic acid, started in the preconceptional period. At the ultrasound scan carried out before CVS, using both the transvaginal and transabdominal route (Siemens Sonoline Antares, Siemens Medical Systems, Malvern, PA, USA), a single fetus was observed with a 71mm crown-rump length (CRL) and a sacroccygeal cyst. A detailed examination in both, axial and mid-sagittal views, showed an interruption of the cutaneous contour at this level. A ‘U’ shape in the affected vertebrae was noted in the axial plane, and lateral processes appeared separated in the coronal view. A spina bifida was suspected. Lack of ultrasound visualization of the fourth ventricle in a midsagital view of a fetal head has been recently described as a new marker of spina bifida at 11–13 weeks and named intracranial translucency (Chaoui et al., 2009; Chaoui and Nicolaides, 2010). For this reason, this new marker was evaluated. The midsaggital view of the fetal head and upper thorax showed a normal sized fourth ventricle (1.8 mm) (Figure 1). The nuchal translucency (1.7 mm), the facial frontomaxillary angle (81◦) and the frontal bones shape presented also with a normal appearance, and no associated anomalies were observed in a careful examination. Other ultrasound markers of poor prognosis, such as increased head circumference, talipes and scoliosis were ruled out. CVS was carried out revealing a normal male karyotype. The couple was counseled about the prognosis for a low lesion (70% survival, and among survivors: 80% have normal IQ, 90% can walk and 45% are continent) and opted for a termination of pregnancy which was performed at 13 weeks and 4 days.
Striatal dopamine modulates song spectral but not temporal features through D1 receptors

The activity of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and their projection to the basal ganglia (BG) are thought to play a critical role in the acquisition of motor skills through reinforcement learning, as well as in the expression of learned motor behaviors. The precise role of BG dopamine (DA) in mediating and modulating motor performance and learning, however, remains unclear. In songbirds, a specialized portion of the BG is responsible for song learning and plasticity. Previously we found that DA acts on D1 receptors in Area X to modulate the BG output signal and thereby trigger changes in song variability. Here, we investigate the effect of D1 receptor blockade in the BG on song behavior in the zebra finch. We report that this manipulation abolishes social context‐dependent changes in variability not only in harmonic stacks, but also in other types of syllables. However, song timing seems not to be modulated by this BG DA signal. Indeed, injections of a D1 antagonist in the BG altered neither song duration nor the change of song duration with social context. Finally, D1 receptor activation in the BG was not necessary for the modulation of other features of song, such as the number of introductory notes or motif repetitions. Together, our results suggest that activation of D1 receptors in the BG is necessary for the modulation of fine acoustic features of song with social context, while it is not involved in the regulation of song timing and structure at a larger time scale.
Prevalence and risk factors of anxiety and depression in Chinese patients with lung cancer：a cross-sectional study

Background: Lung cancer is very common in China. The low cure rate, limited overall survival, and continuous therapies lead the patients to experience considerable psychological distress. Traditional Chinese medicine therapy is one unique treatment method in China. Nevertheless, most patients in the existing studies on anxiety and depression were treated in western medical hospitals. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the prevalence and risk factors of these emotional disorders in lung cancer patients treated in traditional Chinese medical hospitals. These findings may assist in clinical intervention. Patients and methods: A total of 315 patients with lung cancer were enrolled. Individuals completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess their levels of anxiety and depression. Demographic and clinical data were also collected. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors that significantly predicted anxiety and depression. Results: The anxiety and depression prevalence rates of lung cancer patients were 43.5% and 57.1%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, patients without surgery, who were young, or who received radiotherapy were more likely to experience anxiety. Patients without surgery, who were young, or who had late-stage cancer, were more likely to experience depression. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of both anxiety and depression were lack of surgery and young and middle age (＜65, especially 45–65 years). Conclusion: Anxiety and depression were very common in lung cancer patients. Lack of surgery, young, and middle age, were independent risk factors for anxiety and depression. Therefore, medical workers should pay close attention to the emotional changes of young or middle-aged patients, or patients without the chance to undergo surgery.
Epidemiology of leukemia and multiple myeloma in Golestan, Iran.

BACKGROUND The aim of this paper was to present the incidence rates of leukemia and multiple myeloma (MM) in Golestan province located in northeastern Iran during 2004-2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data on newly diagnosed (incident) leukemia and MM cases were obtained from collected from Golestan population-based cancer registry. Data was entered into CanReg-4 software. Age standardized incidence rates (ASR) (per 100000 person-years) for leukemia and MM were calculated. Data on Golestan population was obtained from the data of Iranian national census in 2006. RESULTS Totally, 11036 new cancer cases were registered in GPRC from 2004-2009. Leukemia and MM accounted for 693 and 124 of cases, respectively. The mean age in patients with leukemia and MM was 43.8 and 62.4 years, respectively. The ASRs for leukemia among men and women were 10.4 and 7.8, respectively (p<0.001). The ASRs for MM were 2.1 and 2 in men and women, respectively (p=0.93). The rate of leukemia was significantly higher in rural areas (p=0.02) whereas the incidence of MM was higher in urban areas (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed a high incidence rate of leukemia in Golestan province of Iran. The incidence of leukemia was significantly higher in males and residents of rural areas. High exposure to pesticides and other agricultural related products may be a possible explanation for epidemiological pattern of leukemia in this area. Determining and controlling important risk factors, especially environmental factors, of leukemia may lead to decrease in its burden in Golestan province of Iran.
Enterprise Systems Use: Towards a Structurational Analysis of Enterprise Systems Induced Organizational Transformation

Enterprise systems (ES) are industry-specific, customizable software packages that integrate information and business process in organizations. Despite the advantages associated with implementing ES, their success has been mixed. This has attracted the interest of researchers and resulted in a proliferation of literature on implementation. However, the extant ES studies lack a theoretical framework for the examination of ES use and its implications for change in organizations. We seek to bridge this research gap by proposing a theoretical framework for change induced through ES use. This paper contributes to theory in two areas. First, by analytically separating the notions of structure, institution, and organization, we illustrate a consistent application of Giddens' structuration theory to ES use. Second, we develop a structurational model of ES-induced change that explicates the relationship between specific characteristics of ES and the nature of change occasioned through their use by human agents within a historically shaped organizational context. Towards this objective, we distinguish ES from other information systems. Implications for practitioners and researchers are presented.
A Study on Patient Safety Management Activity for Nursing Students

The Purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting patient safety management activity targeted nursing student and to provide basic data for patient safety in nursing education and to develop education program improving students’ patient safety management activity. The participants of this study were 358 nursing students in a region and collected data by self-reported questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, stepwise multiple regression analysis. As a resutls, Significant positive correlations were found between patient safety competency, performance confidence, coping and patient safety management activity for nursing students. Patient safety competency, performance confidence were significant factors related to patient safety management activity but coping was not found to directly affect patient safety management activity. Thus, we propose to develop a education intervention program that considers patient safety competency, performance confidence in order to improve patient safety management activity of nursing students.
Extramedullary Gastric Relapse at the Time of Bone Marrow Relapse of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation

Extramedullary relapse (EMR) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is relatively rare. The most commonly reported sites in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients after allo-HSCT are soft tissue and the central nervous system, and the gastrointestinal system is an uncommon site. We herein report a unique case with massive hematemesis resulting from gastrointestinal relapse of ALL after allo-HSCT. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed bleeding from a 1.5-cm submucosal tumorous lesion with central ulceration on the anterior wall of the stomach. At the same time, computed tomography revealed extramedullary relapse at the breast and bilateral adrenal glands.
Mycobacterium smegmatis Erm(38) Is a Reluctant Dimethyltransferase

ABSTRACT The waxy cell walls of mycobacteria provide intrinsic tolerance to a broad range of antibiotics, and this effect is augmented by specific resistance determinants. The inducible determinant erm(38) in the nontuberculous species Mycobacterium smegmatis confers high resistance to lincosamides and some macrolides, without increasing resistance to streptogramin B antibiotics. This is an uncharacteristic resistance pattern falling between the type I and type II macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B (MLSB) phenotypes that are conferred, respectively, by Erm monomethyltransferases and dimethyltransferases. Erm dimethyltransferases are typically found in pathogenic bacteria and confer resistance to all MLSB drugs by addition of two methyl groups to nucleotide A2058 in 23S rRNA. We show here by mass spectrometry analysis of the mycobacterial rRNA that Erm(38) is indeed an A2058-specific dimethyltransferase. The activity of Erm(38) is lethargic, however, and only a meager proportion of the rRNA molecules become dimethylated in M. smegmatis, while most of the rRNAs are either monomethylated or remain unmethylated. The methylation pattern produced by Erm(38) clarifies the phenotype of M. smegmatis, as it is adequate to confer resistance to lincosamides and 14-member ring macrolides such as erythromycin, but it is insufficient to raise the level of resistance to streptogramin B drugs above the already high intrinsic tolerance displayed by this species.
Post Method Pedagogy: A Plausible Choice in Iran?

From a historical perspective, the field of language teaching has witnessed great changes since the early years to the present. Many methods emerged as the reaction to the former at different periods of time to fulfill the needs of all individuals, but no method could have ever gained the status of the “ best method ” . Although eclecticism as a reaction to method era was introduced as a solution to the problem, it was soon criticized for not having philosophical and theoretical basis. The inefficiency of language teaching methods in fulfilling the needs of all types of learners led to “Death of Method” (Allwright, 2003). Questioning the concept of method and its nature, Kumaravadivelu (1994) introduced “Post method Era” and claimed that there should be “an alternative to method rather than an alternative method”. He further proposed that teachers should be empowered to “theorize from their practice and practice what they have theorized ” (Kumaravadivelu, 1994). This paper tries to shed light on the present status of post method pedagogy in Iran. As different studies suggest, it seems very far-fetched to expect post method to emerge out of centralized system of education unless an extensive shift of policies occurs in the field of ELT in Iran.
The relationship of low voltage on the electrocardiogram and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A retrospective analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between low voltage on the electrocardiogram and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Subjects were 250 patients who had both pulmonary function tests and an electrocardiogram at UMDNJ‐John F. Kennedy Memorial Hospital from the years 1975–1980. Low voltage was detected in only 13 of 250 patients. An attempt to define the relationship between the incidence of low voltage on the electrocardiogram and the severity of airway obstruction, as judged by the reduction in the FEV1, was unsuccessful. Concomitantly, a relationship could not be established between the incidence of low voltage and the degree of hyperinflation, as judged by the residual volume. In conclusion, the electrocardiographic evidence of low voltage does not represent either a sensitive or a specific finding for patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. It cannot be construed as either a useful or predictive parameter in the diagnostic evaluation of these patients.
The effect of continuing professional education on perioperative nurses' relationships with medical staff: findings from a qualitative study.

AIMS To report perceived changes to UK perioperative nurses' relationships with medical staff following periods of formal, university-based study. BACKGROUND Continuing professional development is considered important for nursing internationally; however, practice changes may not result following formal study. The literature did not describe perioperative nurses' experiences of formal study, and it was believed differences may exist due to hierarchical interprofessional relationships in the operating theatre. DESIGN Descriptive, qualitative. METHODS Unstructured interviews (N=23) were conducted between 2006-2007 with a purposive sample of perioperative nurses who had recent experience of continuing professional education. All participants were employed by one National Health Service Trust in the North of England, UK. Audio-taped interviews were transcribed fully into the ethnograph computer-assisted qualitative data analysis programme and data coded and analysed to identify themes. Findings. The findings indicated that whilst continuing professional education did not have a direct impact on practice, development of increased knowledge and confidence facilitated participants' collaboration with and questioning of medical colleagues. Such increased interprofessional collaboration was attributed to indirectly enhancing patient care. CONCLUSION Continuing professional education appeared to lead to intrinsic changes to practitioners rather than direct behavioural change. Nurses' increased knowledge and confidence affected the balance of power in the doctor-nurse relationship in British perioperative environments. This paper is of significance to perioperative nursing and may be transferable to other areas of care.
Effect of Critical Micelle Concentration of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Dissolved in Calcium and Carbonate Source Solutions on Characteristics of Calcium Carbonate Crystals

Various concentrations of anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), were used to control the growth of calcium carbonate crystals. The obtained calcium carbonate particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), laser scattering particle size analyzer and zeta potential analyzer techniques. The effect of various concentrations including critical micelle concentration (CMC) in calcium and carbonate source solutions on the polymorph, morphology, particle size distribution and zeta potential of the particles were studied. It was demonstrated that varied SDS concentrations in carbonate source solution has obvious effect on the characteristics of calcium carbonate particles, while varied SDS concentration in calcium source solution does not affect the characteristics. Also, it was observed that SDS affected orientation development of calcium carbonate crystals.
Subjective socioeconomic status as a predictor of long-term care staff burnout and positive caregiving experiences

Abstract Background: The potentially negative consequences associated with providing care to older adults are well documented. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the positive aspects associated with caregiving. Both aspects are believed to represent a continuum of caregiving experiences. Long-term care (LTC) staff members often report high levels of burnout associated with their work. Whereas several job characteristics and objective indicators of socioeconomic status have been identified as potential predictors of LTC staff caregiving experiences, the role of subjective socioeconomic status (i.e. one's view of one's place in society) has not yet been evaluated. Methods: A cross-sectional design of 122 LTC staff members. LTC staff completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Positive Aspects of Caregiving questionnaire. They also completed questions about job characteristics (i.e. staff-to-resident ratio, number of hours worked per day, and years of experience working with older adults), objective sociodemographic variables (i.e. level of education, professional affiliation), and subjective socioeconomic indicator (i.e. MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status). Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to identify the unique contribution of job characteristics, objective socioeconomic status, and subjective socioeconomic status to LTC staff caregiving experiences. Results: Subjective socioeconomic status remained a significant predictor of LTC staff experience even once job characteristics and objective indicators of socioeconomic status were entered into the model. Those who placed themselves higher on the subjective social ladder reported higher levels of positive caregiving experiences and lower levels of burnout. Conclusions: Building a sense of community identity and improving one's status within the community might result in lower levels of burnout and better caregiving experiences among LTC staff.