Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Season and Scale on Response of Elk and Mule Deer to Habitat Manipulation

Abstract Manipulation of forest habitat via mechanical thinning or prescribed fire has become increasingly common across western North America. Nevertheless, empirical research on effects of those activities on wildlife is limited, although prescribed fire in particular often is assumed to benefit large herbivores. We evaluated effects of season and spatial scale on response of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) to experimental habitat manipulation at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in northeastern Oregon, USA. From 2001 to 2003, 26 densely stocked stands of true fir (Abies spp.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were thinned and burned whereas 27 similar stands were left untreated to serve as experimental controls. We used location data for elk and mule deer collected during spring (1 Apr–14 Jun) and summer (15 Jun–31 Aug) of 1999–2006 to compare use of treated and untreated stands and to model effects of environmental covariates on use of treated stands. In spring, elk selected burned stands and avoided control stands within the study area (second-order selection; large scale). Within home ranges (third-order selection; small scale), however, elk did not exhibit selection. In addition, selection of treatment stands by elk in spring was not strongly related to environmental covariates. Conversely, in summer elk selected control stands and either avoided or used burned stands proportional to their availability at the large scale; patterns of space use within home ranges were similar to those observed in spring. Use of treatment stands by elk in summer was related to topography, proximity to roads, stand size and shape, and presence of cattle, and a model of stand use explained 50% of variation in selection ratios. Patterns of stand use by mule deer did not change following habitat manipulation, and mule deer avoided or used all stand types proportional to their availability across seasons and scales. In systems similar to Starkey, manipulating forest habitat with prescribed fire might be of greater benefit to elk than mule deer where these species are sympatric, and thus maintaining a mixture of burned and unburned (late successional) habitat might provide better long-term foraging opportunities for both species than would burning a large proportion of a landscape.
Echocardiographic Methods of Fetal Heart Size Assessmentheart to Chest Area Ratio and Transversal Heart Diameter

Abstract Introduction: Ultrasound assessment of fetal heart size (FHS) is widely used and recommended in many guidelines of fetal echocardiography due to its clinical value. The aim of this study was an analysis of some fetal heart measurements: ratio of heart area to chest area (HA/ CA) and transversal diameter of heart (AP) and their correlation to gestational age. Material and methods: This retrospective study was based on database of records of ultrasound and echocardiographic examinations performed in our unit and included fetuses between 15th and 39th week of gestation with no evidence of heart defect or any abnormality. Results: 609 ultrasound examinations were analyzed. The mean HA/CA was 0,30 ± 0,015, with no statistical difference between female and male (p>0,05), and seemed to be relatively constant with slight increase with advancing gestational age. The AP diameter in whole group correlated with gestational age (r=0,94) and there was no difference related to the fetuses gender. Conclusion: The correlation of AP diameter and relative constancy of HA/CA ratio with gestational age presented in our normograms could be used for monitoring fetal development, but also for fetal cardiomegaly assessment.
Avoiding pitfalls in shallow seismic reflection surveys

Acquiring shallow reflection data requires the use of high frequencies, preferably accompanied by broad bandwidths. Problems that sometimes arise with this type of seismic information include spatial aliasing of ground roll, erroneous interpretation of processed airwaves and air‐coupled waves as reflected seismic waves, misinterpretation of refractions as reflections on stacked common‐midpoint (CMP) sections, and emergence of processing artifacts. Processing and interpreting near‐surface reflection data correctly often requires more than a simple scaling‐down of the methods used in oil and gas exploration or crustal studies. For example, even under favorable conditions, separating shallow reflections from shallow refractions during processing may prove difficult, if not impossible. Artifacts emanating from inadequate velocity analysis and inaccurate static corrections during processing are at least as troublesome when they emerge on shallow reflection sections as they are on sections typical of petroleum .
Body composition and nutritional requirements of protein and energy for body weight gain of lambs browsing in a tropical semiarid region 1

This study evaluated body fat, protein and energy contents and nutritional requirements for body weight (BW) gain of lambs in tropical semiarid conditions. Thirty-two castrated Santa Inês 3-to-4-month old lambs (initial BW: 15.8 kg ± 1.4 kg) were used. Eight lambs were initially slaughtered to serve as the reference for initial body weight composition. The remaining 24 animals were placed in a randomized block with three treatments and eight replications. Each one of the eight experimental blocks consisted initially of three 15 kg lambs to which treatments (daily supplement levels: 0.0, 1.0, and 1.5% of body weight of a corn, soybean and minerals concentrate mixture adjusted for a daily 200 g BW gain at 1.5% level) were randomly assigned. As one of the lambs reached 30 kg all three were slaughtered. Body composition (per kg of empty body weight EBW), ranged from 171.59 to 145.84 g protein, from 0.53 to 319.00 g fat, and from 2,06 to 3,90 Mcal energy, for lambs from 15 to 30 kg EBW, respectively. Net requirements for 200 g BW gain/day ranged from 25.99 to 22.09 g protein and from 0.311 to 0.591 Mcal energy for lambs from 15 to 30 kg EBW, respectively. Santa Inês lambs browsing in tropical semiarid regions require more protein and less energy than lambs raised in temperate regions or kept in feedlots in tropical areas, as reported in the literature.
Evolutionary conflicts in a small mammal : behavioural, physiological and genetic differences between the sexes

Mökkönen, Mikael Evolutionary conflicts in a small mammal: behavioural, physiological and genetic differences between the sexes. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2011, 60 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Biological and Environmental Science ISSN 1456-9701; 225) ISBN 978-951-39-4391-2 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-4392-9 (PDF) Yhteenveto: Sukupuolten välinen konflikti: käyttäytymiseen, fysiologiaan ja genetiikkaan liittyvistä ristiriidoista pikkunisäkkäillä
Inflation Targeting Policy: Pre-requisites and Opportunities for Tunisia

The objective of this paper is to explore the feasibility and the efficiency of a strategy of inflation targeting in Tunisia. We check whether the necessary conditions for a successful implementation of inflation targeting are fulfilled or not and we outline the pre-requisites for adopting this strategy in Tunisia. By developing a structural VAR model, we try to evaluate the transmission channels of monetary policy and to identify the conditions for successful adoption of the regime of inflation targeting.
WATCHING (OUT FOR) EACH OTHER: THE ROLE OF CLAN CONTROLS IN MANAGING PROJECT TEAMS.

As project teams become more prevalent in organizations, using traditional agency theory-based concepts of control to understand the behavior of individuals in organizations becomes much more difficult. A useful alternative perspective is Ouchi’s (1980) concept of clan control. However, the limited theoretical development of this concept prevents it from being more widely used in organizational research. I address this lacuna by developing a model of the antecedents and consequences of the acceptance of clan control by members of a project team, based on theories of identification, socialization and social exchange. Propositions are offered based on the arguments embedded in the model.
Near-wall modelling and free-stream turbulence effects on square cylinder unsteady heat transfer

Unsteady flow passing a heated square cylinder has been investigated using a hybrid LES-RANS approach at a moderate Reynolds number of 22, 050. Two near-wall RANS models are blended smoothly to the LES region. The two models applied have successfully reproduced time- and phase-averaged flow field. Encouraging convective heat transfer has been predicted. An increase in the convective heat flux is found on the cylinder top/bottom surface with imposed free-stream turbulence. More accurate prediction of velocity and Nusselt number profiles has been made by the use of LES-k! model.
Parents' nonstandard work and child wellbeing: a critical review of the existing literature

Jianghong Li* and Sarah Johnson, Curtin Health Innovation Research, Centre for Population Health Research, Curtin University and Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia Wen-Jui Han, Silver School of Social Work, New York University Sonia Andrews, Curtin Business School, Curtin University Garth Kendall, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia and School of Nursing and Midwifery, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University Lyndall Strazdins, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Biology & Environment, The Australian National University Alfred Michael Dockery, Curtin Business School, Curtin University
Neuroinflammation and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: What Do We Know?

We need to learn more about who is likely to develop POCD. At present, surgeons, anesthesiologists, and other perioperative clinicians should implement plans to limit the surgical trauma, reduce pain effectively, prevent postoperative complications, promote early mobilization and rehabilitation, and provide enriched environment for patients, as enriched environment may reduce POCD. Citation: Jian-Jun Yang, and Zhiyi Zuo. Neuroinflammation and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: What Do We Know? J Anesth Perioper Med 2016; 3: 53-56. doi: 10.24015/JAPM.2016. 0007 This is an open-access article, published by Evidence Based Communications (EBC). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format for any lawful purpose. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Biological markers and prognostic scoring systems in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Charles H. Lawrie Erica Ballabio Oliver-James Dyar Margaret Jones Roland Ventura Jianxiang Chi Daniela Tramonti Sarah Gooding Jacqueline Boultwood James S. Wainscoat Christian S.R. Hatton Anna Schuh Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Department of Haematology, John Radcliffe Hospital, and The Oxford Partnership Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. E-mail: charles.lawrie@ndcls.ox. ac.uk
Dynamic Web Services Composition Using Change Management System

A Long-term Composition Service (LCS) is a dynamic collaboration between autonomous web services that collectively provide a value-added service. LCS has a long-term commitment to its users. Earlier technologies proposed various integrated framework that are managed changes of long term composed services. The frameworks are also used for some techniques to handle the change reaction of LCS. But, the earlier frameworks cannot be effectively process the most challenging issues of change management such as how to automate the process of change reaction. To overcome this issue, evolution of Long-term Composed Services (Ev-LCS) has been proposed. This system provides the grounding semantics to support the automation of change management and it is offered a set of change operators that is allowed to specify a change in a specific and formal manner. After that, it is proposed a change enactment strategy that actually implements the changes. Finally, develop a prototype system such as travel agency for the proposed Ev-LCS to demonstrate its effectiveness. Further, enhance our proposed system that works on multiple concurrent changes in the LCS.
Consumers’ Acceptance Model for Taiwan Agriculture and Food Traceability System

Abstract Due to globalization, the food-borne illness may cause damage to people’s health in various countries. Such scandals resulted in consumers losing confidence in the government’s ability to manage food safety. To regain consumers’ trust and confidence, many countries placed more emphasis on food traceability, which is capable of recording the details of a specific food as it makes its way from the farm to the table. Accordingly, in 2004, the Taiwan Agriculture and Food Traceability System (TAFTS) were implemented to govern food safety. Being the key stakeholder along the food supply chain, consumers’ acceptance to food traceability plays a critical role in the promotion and persistence of the policy. Based on the technology acceptance model (TAM), a consumers’ acceptance model is proposed by adding three extra constructs of mobile anxiety (MA), social influence (SI), and perceived limitations (PL). A survey of 380 participants being recruited from two major metropolises in Taiwan is conducted to examine the proposed model via structural equation modeling analysis. The empirical results show that the proposed model possesses good model fits and explanatory power. Some findings identify that perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) exhibit significantly positive effects while PLhas a significantly negative effect on both attitude (ATT) and intention to use (ITU). Besides, ATT partially mediates the relationship between beliefs (PU, PEOU or PL) and ITU. However, due to high Internet usage rate and the popularity of social networks, there is no significant effect between two constructs of MA and ATT, MA and ITU, SI and ATT, or SI and ITU. Finally, some recommendations are provided to policymakers for better implementation of TAFTS.
Effect of different levels and particle sizes of wheat bran on the quality of flat bread.

Due to the positive effects of fiber on human health, production and distribution of high fiber containing foods is on the increase. Amongst different foods, bread is a suitable option to convey fiber in human diets. Flat breads which are very common in Asian countries, are mainly produced from white flour and hence are low in fiber. The main objectives followed in this study were to produce high fiber Barbari bread (a popular flat bread) using wheat bran, while minimizing the adverse effects of inclusion of bran in the bread recipe. To achieve this, wheat bran of different levels (0-20%, w/w flour basis) and particle sizes (170, 280, 425 and 750 μm) were added to Barbari bread recipe. Using Brabender Farinograph, it was found that with increase in bran level and its particle size, the water absorption of the dough increased. Color determination results showed that the bread crust color became darker as the level of the bran and its particle size increased. The results of determination of the bread texture using Texture Profile Analyser, showed that the bread became harder and less cohesive with increase of the fiber in the dough and for each bran particle size. According to the panelists, barbari breads constituted the most appropriate breads with up to 15% bran with particle sizes of shorter than 280 μ μ μ μm. In total, it was concluded that by a control of the level and particle size of the bran, it is possible to increase the fiber content of the bread without any significant adverse effects on the quality.
Hydrography above the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (33°-40°N) and within the Lucky Strike segment

As part of the French-American Ridge Atlantic program the French-American Zero- Angle Photon Spectrometer and Rocks (FAZAR) cruise conducted water column studies between 33 and 40°N along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) to detect hydrothermal activity and map its influence. This paper describes the large-scale hydrography within the axial valley, with particular emphasis on the hydrothermally active Lucky Strike segment (37°17'N). The FAZAR study area is affected by the presence of the Azores Current and Mediterranean Water (MW). Although the MW core has been mapped as far north as 50°N off the ridge, the northern boundary of the MW within the MAR in the FAZAR study area exists as a strong front south of the Azores platform. This front is most likely caused by the shallower ridge crest becoming a physical barrier to the MW. The Lucky Strike segment lies within this front and, as a result, has complicated hydrography which can obscure hydrothermal temperature and salinity anomalies.
Comparison of Levels of Androgenic Hormones in various Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in High School Girls aging 14 to 18 Years

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is mainly diagnosed based on oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea accompanied by clinical or laboratory evidence of hyperandrogenemia. This study aimed to compare the levels of androgenic hormones in various phenotypes of PCOS in high school girls aged 14 to 18 years in 2009. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3200 girl students aged 14 to 18 years. The research community included high school girls in different educational districts of Shiraz. After obtaining written informed consents, demographic questionnaire was completed and clinical signs of increased androgens (acne, hirsutism and alopecia) were recorded. In addition, ultrasound for cyst was performed for the students with menstrual disorders. Results: The mean age of the study population was 16.17 ± 1.25 years. Hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries phenotype compared to other phenotypes were more prevalent (45 patients, 30.8%) in the study population. In addition, the mean testosterone, free testosterone (FT), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels were higher in the patients with polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism. However, the results of independent t-test revealed no significant difference between the patients with polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism and noninfected participants regarding the mean hormone levels (p > 0.05). Yet, the correlation was significant in the other three phenotypes (p < 0.05). Moreover, 144 cases (4.6%) suffered from oligomenorrhea, 29.5% of whom presented PCOS symptoms in the ultrasound. Conclusion: Androgenic hormone levels were higher in the PCOS phenotypes with menstrual disorders, particularly oligomenorrhea. Therefore, compared to other symptoms of hyperandrogenism and ultrasound, menstrual disorders were more important in PCOS.
Banking and Regulation in Emerging Markets : The Role of External Discipline

This article reviews the main issues of regulating and supervising banks in emerging markets with a view toward evaluating the long-run options. Particular attention is paid to Latin America and East Asia. These economies face a severe policy commitment problem that leads to excessive bailouts and potential devaluation of claims of foreign investors. This exacerbates moral hazard and makes a case for importing external discipline (for example, acquiring foreign short-term debt). However, external discipline may come at the cost of excessive liquidation of entrepreneurial projects. The article reviews the tradeoffs imposed by external discipline and examines various proposed arrangements, such as narrow banking, foreign banks and foreign regulation, and the potential role for an international agency or international lender of last resort. Liberalization and integration of financial markets have been associated with an increase in capital movements and with the financial crises. In particular, surges in foreign short-term debt have been blamed for crisis episodes in emerging economies in Asia (Thailand, Indonesia, and the Republic of Korea) and Latin America (Mexico, Brazil, Ecuador, and Argentina), as well as in the periphery of Europe (Turkey). These crises have proved costly in terms of output. Several policy responses have been suggested. Among them have been the reduction of short-term debt, the development of stock markets, the improved regulation and supervision of domestic financial system, enhanced transparency requirements and market discipline, and the establishment of an international lender of last resort. A catalog of “solutions” has been proposed to take care of the problems of banking in emerging market economies including moving to a narrow bank system, building a currency union, and leaving banking in the hands of foreign banks and offshore institutions. This article identifies policy responses tailored to the needs of emerging market and developing economies. The question is whether the regulatory policies and
Temperature , pressure and age constraints on the very low-grade metamorphism of the Jurassic Telekesoldal Nappe ( Inner Western Carpahians ) in NE Hungary – a summary

Jurassic metasedimentary rocks of the Telekesoldal Nappe (Inner Western Carpathians) were sampled for metamorphic studies. The Telekesoldal Nappe represents a mélange-like accretionary complex consisting of black shales, sandstone turbidites and olisthostromes, deposited by gravity mass flows in a backarc (forearc? ) basin. It was affected by ductile deformation and metamorphic alteration connected to the Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous subduction and obduction processes of the Neotethys Ocean. In the case of the 120-140 Ma very low-grade metamorphism – which is younger than the subduction-related blueschist facies metamorphism (Faryad and Henjes-Kunst, 1997) – the peak temperature was ca. 300-350 oC, while the minimum pressure was ca. 2-2.5 kbar.
Feet and Footwear: Applying Biological Design and Mismatch Theory to Running Injuries

The Endurance-Running hypothesis proposes that natural selection has shaped humans into endurance-running specialists. Running-related-injury rates between 20-79% suggests modern humans are prone to injury in this species-specific movement pattern. This opinion piece offers a novel perspective on high-injury prevalence in human endurance running, focussing on evolutionary mismatch between modern athletic footwear and evolved foot structure and function. We propose that non-anatomically shaped, structured, cushioned footwear can lead to maladapted foot structure and loss of biologically-normal function including stability, elasticity, sensory feedback and subsequent movement control. The structure and function of the human foot and its possible impairment by modern footwear has received little attention in running-related literature, but could provide a new area of enquiry and potential solutions for many running-related injuries.