Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Contamination of the Marine Environment-Arthur Harbor and McMurdo Sound, Antarctica.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, and trace metal concentrations in McMurdo Sound and Arthur Harbor, Antarctica, sediments and marine biota are reported. Biomarkers of contaminant exposure, biliary metabolites and EROD assays, were also measured. Hydrocarbon and trace metal contamination are generally limited to within hundreds of meters of human settlements. Local releases of fossil fuels, disposal of waste materials, and aging of ship and station structures contribute to contamination. High concentrations of PCBs were detected in sediments (250-4200 ng g{sup -1}) and organisms (up to 420 ng g{sup -1}) from Winter Quarters Bay (WQB). Trace metal and PAH sediment concentrations rarely exceed levels known to cause toxic effects in marine organisms, whereas PCBs in WQB often do. Biological responses to exposure include the formation of PAH metabolites and the inducement of the P4501A detoxification system in fish. Induction of EROD activity in in vitro rat hepatoma H4IIE cell bioassays by tissue extracts correlated with known levels of PCB contamination in invertebrate tissues. Local sources of contaminants greatly exceed those attributable to long-distance atmospheric transport. 31 refs., 4 figs.
Forces Required for a Knife to Penetrate a Variety of Clothing Types

In stabbing incidents, it is usual for the victim to be clothed and therefore a knife penetrates both clothes and skin. Clothes (other than leather) have been thought to make little difference to the penetration force. However, there is little quantitative data in the literature. In this study, a range of clothes have been tested, either singly or in layers of, for example, T‐shirt and shirt, to quantify the additional force required when clothes are present. A materials testing system has been used to test the penetration force required to stab through clothes into a foam–silicone rubber skin simulant. The results show that the force required can be significantly different, particularly when layers of clothing are penetrated. A cotton t‐shirt adds c. 8 N to the penetration force, while a T‐shirt and jacket can add an additional 21 N. The results allow a more quantitative assessment of forces required in stabbing.
Ontogeny of Size and Shape Sexual Dimorphism in the Ilium: A Multislice Computed Tomography Study by Geometric Morphometry

We studied sexually dimorphic differences in the ilium using geometric morphometric analysis of 10 osteometric landmarks recorded by multislice computed tomography, based on three‐dimensional reconstructions of 188 children (95 boys, 93 girls) of mixed origins living in the area of Toulouse, southern France, and ranging in age from 1 to 18 years. We used geometric morphometrics methodology first to test sexual dimorphism in size (centroid size) and shape (Procrustes residuals) and second to examine patterns of shape change with age (development) and size change with age (growth). On the basis of statistical significance testing, the ilium shape became sexually dimorphic at 11 years of age, although visible shape differences were observed as early as 1 year of age. There was no statistically significant difference in size between sexes. Trajectories of shape (development) and size (growth) differed throughout ontogeny and between sexes.
Prevalence of Substance Use and Mental Distress Among Patients on Waiting Lists for Substance Use Disorder Treatment

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of illicit substance use, alcohol consumption, and psychosocial distress among Norwegian patients on waiting lists for substance use disorder treatment. Methods: Patients on waiting lists at 16 Norwegian treatment clinics for substance use disorders received a mailed questionnaire or were recruited during pre-treatment meetings (response rate 40%, n = 203). The patients completed a questionnaire consisting of validated screening tools of substance use and psychosocial distress. When available, Norwegian norm data were used as a reference group in analyses. Results: Among patients who reported use of illicit substances in the last month, 40% reported scores above cut-off. About 50% of those who had consumed alcohol reported a severe pattern of alcohol consumption. A total of 60% of the sample reported severe symptom loads and nearly 70% of the sample reported interpersonal problems above cut-off. Compared to the norm data, patients on waiting lists reported more psychosocial distress on all the symptom dimensions, as expected. Conclusions: Patients on waiting lists reported substantial substance use and psychosocial burden. Pre-treatment interventions should be conducted among these patients. Treatment could benefit from more standardized screening routines and clinical assessments before patients enter treatment. The findings may challenge the Norwegian policy of supply-driven treatment services.
Weight References for Burned Human Skeletal Remains from Portuguese Samples

Weight is often one of the few recoverable data when analyzing human cremains but references are still rare, especially for European populations. Mean weights for skeletal remains were thus documented for Portuguese modern cremations of both recently deceased individuals and dry skeletons, and the effect of age, sex, and the intensity of combustion was investigated using both multivariate and univariate statistics. The cremains from fresh cadavers were significantly heavier than the ones from dry skeletons regardless of sex and age cohort (p < 0.001 to p = 0.003). As expected, males were heavier than females and age had a powerful effect in female skeletal weight. The effect of the intensity of combustion in cremains weight was unclear. These weight references may, in some cases, help estimating the minimum number of individuals, the completeness of the skeletal assemblage, and the sex of an unknown individual.
ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY BALANCE IN LOBAR PNEUMONIA

While it is recognized that the course and outcome in any individual case of lobar pneumonia is probably determined by the ability of the body to overcome the disease by the elaboration of substances antagonistic to the progress of the infection, it is not definitely known what the relative importance of the various immunity principles involved is, nor what factors serve to tip the balance favorably or otherwise in the struggle between antigen and antibody. It has been known for some time that natural recovery from pneumonia is attended by the development of certain humoral antibodies which appear shortly before or at the time of crisis. In 1891 G. and F. Klemperer 1 showed that the blood of patients who had recovered from the disease might protect rabbits against infection with the pneumococcus. This fact was confirmed by Neufeld and Handel, 2 who also showed that similar protection might be afforded to
Study of clinical and aetiological pattern of anterior uveitis in middle Karnataka

Background and Objectives: Uveitis, a complex intraocular inflammatory disease results from several aetiological entities. The cause of inflammation might be infectious agent or trauma, but in most cases the underlying mechanism appears to be autoimmune in nature. Anterior uveitis is most common form of uveitis and accounts for an annual incidence rate of about 17 cases/1,00,000 population. Objective of this study is to evaluate the aetiological pattern, treatment and its outcome and complications of anterior uveitis. Methods: A prospective clinical study was done in the Department of Ophthalmology, Karnataka during December 2012 to May 2014. All patients between 20 and 80 years of age clinically presenting with anterior uveitis were studied. A thorough clinical evaluation followed by investigations was done to determined aetiology. Patients were put on specific and nonspecific treatment and were followed up for a period of 6 months. Complications were noted. Results: The aetiology of uveitis remained unknown in most cases (42%). Most common cause was observed to be blunt trauma (20%) followed by phacolytic (12%). Most cases responded well to treatment. Commonest complication was posterior persistent synechiae (23.64%), and cataract was the second common (14.54%). Interpretation and Conclusion: Aetiological diagnosis remains undetermined in majority of cases. A thorough examination and investigation are required in each case to facilitate a final diagnosis. Prompt treatment ensures good visual outcome. Ocular morbidity is common in chronic and recurrent cases.
Distribuição de queloide e cicatriz hipertrófica segundo fototipos de pele de Fitzpatrick

BACKGROUND: Keloid and hypertrophic scars have a common physiopathogenic origin and are defined as fibroproliferative scars. Fibroproliferative scars are frequent in individuals with darker skin. However, mixing of "races" renders it difficult to group patients with different skin tones according to morphological and static classifications (white for Caucasians; brown for individuals of Spanish descent (Hispanic/Latino); yellow for individuals of East Asian descent; and black for individuals of African descent) according to their response to sun exposure. It is known that when individuals whose ethnic origin is in colder countries move to tropical countries, they show a higher incidence of these types of scars, which mainly affect parts of the body that are more exposed to the sun. A correlation between fibroproliferative scars and Fitzpatrick phototype, a dynamic classification based on the skin's response to sun exposure, would contribute to an understanding of the pathophysiology of these scars. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of fibroproliferative scars according to Fitzpatrick phototypes. METHODS: We classified patients' fibroproliferative scars according to the Muir classification as Long-Term Evolution (keloid scars), Short-Term Evolution (hypertrophic scars), and Intermediate Group (mixed scars), while their skin types were grouped according to the Fitzpatrick classification. RESULTS: Fitzpatrick phototype III and mixed scars were predominant among the patients analyzed (p = 0.001). A correlation (p = 0.025) was observed between fibroproliferative scars and Fitzpatrick phototypes; the higher the phototype, the higher the tendency to develop keloid and mixed scar tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Fitzpatrick skin phototypes proved to be an efficient method to study keloid and hypertrophic scars.
Products of the gas-phase reactions of o3 with alkenes.

The products of the gas-phase reactions of O 3 with 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene, cyclopentene, and 1-methylcyclohexene have been investigated at room temperature and 740 Torrtotal pressure of air in the presence of cyclohexane or n-octane to scavenge OH radicals. Products were identified and quantified by gas chromatography and in situ Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy. In the presence of cyclohexane, cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol were observed as products, showing the formation of OH radicals from these O 3 reactions. The OH radical formation yields derived were as follows : 1-pentene, 0.37 ; 1-hexene, 0.32 ; 1-heptene, 0.27 ; 1-octene, 0.18 ; 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene, 0.50 ; cyclopentene, 0.61 ; and 1-methylcyclohexene, 0.90, all with estimated overall uncertainties of a factor of ∼1.5. The carbonyl products identified and quantified were as follows : from 1-pentene : butanal, 0.541 ± 0.065, and HCHO, 0.595 ± 0.055 ; from 1-hexene : pentanal, 0.518 ± 0.095, and HCHO, 0.575 ± 0.057 ; from 1-heptene : hexanal, 0.582 ± 0.078, and HCHO, 0.533 ± 0.049 ; from 1-octene : heptanal, 0.527 ± 0.070, and HCHO, 0.519 ± 0.054 ; from 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene : 3-methyl-2-butanone, 0.391 ± 0.050, and HCHO, 0.776 ± 0.071 ; from cyclopentene : butanal, 0.195 ± 0.027 ; and from 1-methylcyclohexene : 5-acetylpentanal, 0.100 ± 0.024. For the 1-alkenes, the sum of the two carbonyl products expected from the decomposition of the initially formed primary ozonide is 1.1 ± 0.1, consistent with the presently believed reaction mechanism. The 3-methyl-2-butanone and HCHO yields from 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene showthatthe primary ozonide decomposes preferentially to HCHO plus the dialkyl-substituted [(CH 3 ) 2 CHC(CH 3 )OO] * biradical rather than to 3-methyl-2-butanone plus the [CH 2 00] * biradical.
Skyline queries: An introduction

During the two past decades, skyline queries were used in several multi-criteria decision support applications. Given a dominance relationship in a dataset, a skyline query returns the objects that cannot be dominated by any other objects. Skyline queries were studied extensively in multidimensional spaces, in subspaces, in metric spaces, in dynamic spaces, in streaming environments, and in time-series data. Several algorithms were proposed for skyline query processing, such as window-based, progressive, distributed, geometric-based, index-based, divide- and-conquer, and dynamic programming algorithms. Moreover, several variations were proposed to solve application-specific problems like k-dominant skylines, top-k dominating queries, spatial skyline queries, and others. As the number of objects that are returned in a skyline query may become large, there is also an extensive study for the cardinality of skyline queries. This extensive research depicts the importance of skyline queries and their variations in modern applications.
Progress Toward the Determination of Correct Classification Rates in Fire Debris Analysis II: Utilizing Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA)

A multistep classification scheme was used to detect and classify ignitable liquid residues in fire debris into the classes defined by the ASTM E1618‐10 standard method. The total ion spectra (TIS) of the samples were classified by soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) with cross‐validation and tested on fire debris. For detection of ignitable liquid residue, the true‐positive rate was 94.2% for cross‐validation and 79.1% for fire debris, with false‐positive rates of 5.1% and 8.9%, respectively. Evaluation of SIMCA classifications for fire debris relative to a reviewer's examination led to an increase in the true‐positive rate to 95.1%; however, the false‐positive rate also increased to 15.0%. The correct classification rates for assigning ignitable liquid residues into ASTM E1618‐10 classes were generally in the range of 80–90%, with the exception of gasoline samples, which were incorrectly classified as aromatic solvents following evaporative weathering in fire debris.
The Power of Contextual Effects in Forensic Anthropology: A Study of Biasability in the Visual Interpretations of Trauma Analysis on Skeletal Remains

The potential for contextual information to bias assessments in the forensic sciences has been demonstrated, in several forensic disiplines. In this paper, biasability potential within forensic anthropology was examined by analyzing the effects of external manipulations on judgments and decision‐making in visual trauma assessment. Three separate websites were created containing fourteen identical images. Participants were randomly assigned to one website. Each website provided different contextual information, to assess variation of interpretation of the same images between contexts. The results indicated a higher scoring of trauma identification responses for the Mass grave context. Furthermore, a significant biasing effect was detected in the interpretation of four images. Less experienced participants were more likely to indicate presence of trauma. This research demonstrates bias impact in forensic anthropological trauma assessments and highlights the importance of recognizing and limiting cognitive vulnerabilities that forensic anthropologists might bring to the analysis.
Follow-up phone calls increase nutrient intake estimated by three-day food diaries in 13-year-old participants of the Raine study

Aim: Our primary objective was to determine the effect of follow-up phone calls on estimated nutrient intakes obtained by three-day food diaries from 13-year-old adolescents. Methods: Food diaries were recorded using household measures and entered into a dietary analysis software program, before and after follow up by telephone. A sample of 340 participants aged 13 years born into the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, a population-based longitudinal cohort followed from 16 to 20 weeks' gestation to 13 years of age (current follow up). After face-to-face instruction, participants completed three-day food diaries at home and returned them by post. Follow-up telephone calls were made to each participant to improve data collection response and to verify missing details in the food diaries. Nutrient intakes before and after telephone follow up were compared using Student's t-tests in spss. Results were also compared with those of the Child and Adolescent Physical Activity and Nutrition survey. Results: Follow-up phone calls significantly increased the estimated intake of total kilojoules, water, total carbohydrates, sugars and magnesium (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate the importance of follow-up phone calls to obtain missing details in three-day food diaries completed by adolescents.
Detection of Estrogen- and Dioxin-like Activity in Pulp and Paper Mill Black Liquor and Effluent Using in vitro Recombinant Receptor/Reporter Gene Assays.

In vitro recombinant receptor/reporter gene assays were used to examine pulp and paper mill black liquor and effluent for estrogenic, dioxin-like, and antiestrogenic activities. Using MCF-7 cells transiently transfected with a Gal4-estrogen receptor chimeric construct (Gal4-HEGO) and a Gal4-regulated luciferase reporter gene (17m5-G-Luc), it was estimated that black liquor contains 4 ±2 ppb estrogen equivalents, while negligible estrogenic activity was observed in a methanol-extracted pulp and paper mill effluent fraction (MF). A dioxin response element (DRE)-regulated luciferase reporter gene (pGudLuc1.1) transiently transfected into Hepa1c1c7 wild-type cells exhibited a dose-dependent increase in luciferase activity following treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), black liquor, and MF. Based on the dose-response curves, black liquor and MF contain 10 ± 4 ppb and 20 ± 6 ppt TCDD equivalents, respectively. Moreover, MF exhibited significant AhR-mediated antiestrogenic activity. These results demonstrate the utility of these bioassays and suggest that the effects observed in fish exposed to pulp and paper mill effluent may be due to unidentified ER and AhR ligands not detected by conventional chemical analysis due to the lack of appropriate standards.
Medical waste management at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital

Background: The generation and handling of wastes from medically related procedures poses a potential health hazard to health workers and non health workers alike, and this has far reaching consequences for the public in areas where such wastes are disposed of carelessly. Aim: To investigate the medical waste management procedure at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and assess the knowledge of, attitudes to and practice of waste management by staff of the Hospital. Methods: A stratified random sampling method was used for this descriptive cross sectional study, using a structured questionnaire that was pre-tested, as the instrument of data collection. The respondents were directly involved with medical waste generation, handling and disposal. Data collected was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences for windows software, version 12.0. Results: There was a high level of awareness among UPTH health workers of the different waste types and their hazardous nature. A majority of the respondents showed favourable attitudes towards the importance of guidelines on medical waste management and training in, and use of personal protective equipment. Also the staff avoided certain aspects of their jobs they considered risky. The study also showed that the procedure of medical wastes management i.e. generation, segregation, storage, treatment, and final disposal at the UPTH was inadequate. Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude, and practice of the UPTH members of staff regarding management of medical wastes appeared satisfactory. The procedure of wastes management at the hospital appeared inadequate. We recommend that health education on medical wastes management be aggressively pursued as a policy. Keywords: Medical waste management, UPTH, Personal protective equipment, Generator responsibilities
Advantage of ForensiX Swabs in Retrieving and Preserving Biological Fluids

This study compares two novel swabs (forensiX) with a standard cotton swab (EUROTUBE) for the collection of saliva stains on glass slide for STR analysis. ForensiX collection tubes are a standard cotton swab in an “active drying” tube, where swab sample is soon dried by its innovative tube surface of the wall. The other is forensiX Nylon Flocked Swab. The study is two phases: The first “phase” assesses swab types regarding to retrieve ability of saliva. The second “phase” compares the drying ability of each swab to assess how crime samples would fare when left in storage. The main result showed that “active drying” is effective to store swabbed sample. The forensiX swabs generally are effective for higher (twofold to fourfold) DNA yield compared to delta lab swab (around 750 pg and 250 pg from 0.5 μL of saliva), respectively. These findings demonstrate the importance of drying performance in the preservation of DNA and swab selection.
Uniform approximation of discrete-time nonlinear systems

We consider a large class of discrete-time control systems containing a dynamic linear part and a memoryless nonlinear element and show that such systems can be uniformly approximated using a TDNN, a two-stage dynamic neural structure consisting of a bank of delay elements followed by a memoryless nonlinear element. In addition, we bound the complexity of the TDNN needed to uniformly approximate the system to within a given maximum error /spl epsi/. Specifically, we bound the number of delay elements a by giving constants /spl rho//sub 1/ and /spl rho//sub 2/ such that /spl alpha/>/spl rho//sub 1/ log(/spl rho//sub 2///spl epsi/) suffices, and we show that the nonlinear element satisfies a certain Lipschitz condition. Our assumptions are along the lines of the circle condition for stability, and the concept of approximately finite memory plays a central role in our results.
Decomposition Rate and Pattern in Hanging Pigs

Accurate prediction of the postmortem interval requires an understanding of the decomposition process and the factors acting upon it. A controlled experiment, over 60 days at an outdoor site in the northwest of England, used 20 freshly killed pigs (Sus scrofa) as human analogues to study decomposition rate and pattern. Ten pigs were hung off the ground and ten placed on the surface. Observed differences in the decomposition pattern required a new decomposition scoring scale to be produced for the hanging pigs to enable comparisons with the surface pigs. The difference in the rate of decomposition between hanging and surface pigs was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Hanging pigs reached advanced decomposition stages sooner, but lagged behind during the early stages. This delay is believed to result from lower variety and quantity of insects, due to restricted beetle access to the aerial carcass, and/or writhing maggots falling from the carcass.