Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behaviour of pre-parturient sows housed in intensive outdoor or indoor systems

This work compared the behaviour of pre-parturient sows housed in intensive confined and outdoor systems, during the morning and afternoon prior to delivery. Eight sows were kept individually in farrowing crates or in paddocks with access to fresh pasture from 8 to 10 days before expected parturition. All outdoor sows built a nest within 24 hours before farrowing. On the morning and afternoon before farrowing they spent 6.5% of the time collecting grass and 7.5% of the time organizing the nest. Outdoor sows were observed more often than confined sows rooting (4.60% vs. 0.25%), feeding (10.2% vs. 3.0%), standing (51% vs. 13%) and walking (8% vs. 0%). Indoor sows redirected the nesting behaviour to other behaviours like attempts to dig the ground, nosing, biting and rooting parts of the crate, feeder or drinker, during 4.7% of the time. They also spent more time than outdoor sows inactive (85% vs. 60%), lying (72% vs. 41%), drinking (2.1% vs. 0.5%) and vacuum chewing (3.7% vs. 0.1%). The pre-parturient behaviour of sows was considerably affected by the husbandry system. The outdoor system appears to be more appropriate for the sows' welfare than the conventional confinement.
Whole-Genome Sequence of a Novel Sequence Type 3136 Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain Isolated from a Hospitalized Patient in Durban, South Africa

Here, we describe the genome sequence of a novel sequence type 3136 (ST3136) Klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated in South Africa. The 5,574,236-bp genome harbored 23 resistance determinants and 12 virulence factors that are of cardinal importance to infections. ABSTRACT Here, we describe the genome sequence of a novel sequence type 3136 (ST3136) Klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated in South Africa. The 5,574,236-bp genome harbored 23 resistance determinants and 12 virulence factors that are of cardinal importance to infections. The genomics of Klebsiella pneumoniae offer valuable insights into its pathogenicity.
Spatio-temporal channel measurements at 1800 MHz for adaptive antennas

To get acquainted with the space-, and time-characteristics of the radio channel, wideband spatio-temporal channel measurements have been carried out. The spatial information can be used for optimisation of adaptive antenna systems, estimation of the behaviour of space diversity arrangements or as input to channel models or simulations. The measurements were conducted in dense urban/suburban environments with the antennas arranged to resemble a typical cellular phone scenario. The angular sensitivity of the measurement system is restricted to azimuth. Impulse responses (IRs) were collected by each sensor of an eight-column dual polarised antenna array. As a first approach the Fourier method is applied at different time delays of the impulse responses to derive the azimuth-delay spectrum. In this paper, emphasis is laid on the azimuth spread, delay spread and fading characteristics of the two environments with adaptive antennas in mind. The results are applicable to cellular mobile radio systems, especially the W-CDMA mode of UMTS.
2-Amino-1-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridinium bromide

Refinement . Refinement of F 2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R -factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F 2 , conventional R -factors R are based on F , with F set to zero for negative F 2 . The threshold expression of F 2 > σ ( F 2 ) is used only for calculating R -factors(gt) etc . and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R -factors based on F 2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F , and R - factors based on ALL data will be even larger.
Cell therapy for the treatment of spinal cord injury with focus on stem cells: A review

Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs) cause physical disruption of axons through the epicenter of the injury site, the release of factors that alter neuronal excitability, and inflammation, leading to deficits in motor, sensory, and autonomic function. Other factors contributing to loss of function include the death of cells and the formation of scar tissue that inhibits regeneration. Current clinical treatments for SCI include performing surgery to stabilize the injury site, administering high doses of corticosteroids to limit secondary injury processes, and providing rehabilitative care. However, no long term cures exist for the treatment of SCI and accordingly more aggressive strategies for repairing the damaged spinal cord have been investigated. A number of different cell therapies have been evaluated in both pre-clinical and clinical trials and here we review these studies that evaluated the following types of cell therapies: neural cells derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs), oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), motor neuron progenitor cells (MNPs), neural stem cells (NSCs), bone marrow-derived stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), olfactory unsheathing cells (OECs) and Schwann cells (SCs). We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each cell type and their specific role in functional improvement. We highlight preclinical versus clinical studies along with discussion of new clinical trials and give suggestions for future areas of study.
Diagnostic Performance of Core Needle Biopsy and Fine Needle Aspiration Separately or Together in the Diagnosis of Intrathoracic Lesions Under C-arm Guidance

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB) of intrathoracic lesions using the same coaxial guide-needle under a C-arm Cone-Beam computed tomography system. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and eighty-eight patients (181 male, 107 female; 65.8 ± 13.3 years) with 293 lesions underwent 300 procedures, in which both FNA and CNB were performed. After inserting the coaxial guide-needle into the target lesion, we performed 18-gauge CNB, followed by 20-gauge FNA through the same coaxial guide-needle. The comparison of the procedures in which both showed adequate sample was performed with McNemar’s test (n = 229). Results: Of 300 procedures, 293 were technically successful. Adequate samples were obtained in 248/300 FNA and 288/300 CNB cases. The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of malignancy were respectively 84.7% (133/157), 100% (72/72) for FNA, when atypical cells included benign entity; 97.5% (153/157), 100% (72/72) for FNA, when atypical cells included malignancy; 97.6% (162/166), 100% (102/102) for CNB; and 100% (166/166), 100% (102/102) for combined FNA and CNB. Diagnosis of malignancy was significantly higher for CNB than for FNA (p < 0.001); however, it was not significantly higher when atypical cells included malignancy for FNA. Pneumothorax occurred in 50 (16.7%) and hemoptysis in 18 (6.0%) procedures. Conclusions: Combined use of CNB and FNA using the same coaxial guide-needle showed better diagnostic performance than using one alone. When comparing CNB and FNA, CNB showed significantly better performance, when atypical cells included a benign entity in FNA.
Satisfaction of surgical patients with perioperative nursing care in a Spanish tertiary care hospital

Objective: Although numerous studies have assessed patient satisfaction in diverse settings, in the realm of nursing surgical care, standardization of measurement for patient experience and satisfaction is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the satisfaction of surgical patients with perioperative nursing care. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted. Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical data were recorded. Patient satisfaction was measured with a modified version of the La Monica–Oberst Patient Satisfaction Scale (LOPSS-12). Results: 150 patients (73 women, 49% and 77 men; 51%) completed the survey. The mean age was 63 years (standard deviation, 16 years). The mean overall satisfaction score on the La Monica–Oberst Patient Satisfaction Scale was 3.17 (standard deviation, 0.21). The scale showed adequate content validity (Lawshe’s Content Validity Index was 0.76) and moderate reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.70). Two variables—patient sex and the presence of comorbidities—were significantly associated with overall satisfaction: men and patients with comorbidities were more satisfied with the care received. Patients with university studies were significantly more likely than patients with less education to consider nurses “impatient,” but also considered the nurses’ advice to be “useful. ” Patients with hospital-acquired complications were more likely to perceive nurses to be “more interested in completing tasks than in listening,” although they also felt that nurses worked “conscientiously. ” Conclusion: Overall, patient satisfaction with perioperative nursing care was good. This study identified several areas of nursing care in need of improvement, particularly the need to spend more time with patients and to keep them better informed about the perioperative process. The modified La Monica–Oberst Patient Satisfaction Scale is suitable for measuring surgical patient satisfaction with perioperative nursing care. The findings presented here may be of value to nursing administrators, educators, and nursing care providers to improve patient satisfaction and to develop strategies to prevent patient dissatisfaction.
Orthodox and Inclusive Masculinity: Competing Masculinities among Heterosexual Men in a Feminized Terrain

Using in-depth interviews and participant observation from sixty-eight male cheerleaders and four selected cheerleading teams, this research examines the construction of masculinity among college-age heterosexual male cheerleaders. Whereas previous studies of men in feminized terrain have shown that hegemonic processes of dominance and subordination influence most men to bolster their masculinity through an approximation of orthodox masculine requisites, this research finds that heterosexual men in collegiate cheerleading today exhibit two forms of normative masculinity. One form retains most tenets of orthodox masculine construction, whereas the other is shown to be more inclusive. Men who subscribe to this inclusive form of masculinity do not respond to their transgression into feminized terrain in the same manner as has been shown in other investigations of men in feminized arenas because they are shown to accept feminine behavior and homosexuality among men. The emergence of this more inclusive form of masculinity is attributed to many factors, including the structure of the sport, the reduction of cultural, institutional, and organizational homophobia, and the resocialization of men into a gender-integrated sport.
Chemical analysis of giant stars in the young open cluster NGC 3114

Context. Open clusters are very useful targets for examining possibl e trends in galactocentric distance and age, especially whe n young and old open clusters are compared. Aims. We carried out a detailed spectroscopic analysis to derive t he chemical composition of seven red giants in the young open cluster NGC 3114. Abundances of C, N, O, Li, Na, Mg, Al, Ca, Si, Ti, Ni, Cr, Y, Zr, La, Ce, and Nd were obtained, as well as the carbon isotopic ratio. Methods. The atmospheric parameters of the studied stars and their ch emical abundances were determined using high-resolution optical spectroscopy. We employed the local-thermodynamic-equilibrium model atmospheres of Kurucz and the spectral analysis codemoog. The abundances of the light elements were derived using the spectral synthesis technique. Results. We found that NGC 3114 has a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] =−0.01±0.03. The isochrone fit yielded a turn-o ff mass of 4.2 M⊙. The [N/C] ratio is in good agreement with the models predicted by firs t dredge-up. We found that two stars, HD 87479 and HD 304864, have high rotational velocities of 15.0 km s −1 and 11.0 km s −1 ; HD 87526 is a halo star and is not a member of NGC 3114. Conclusions. The carbon and nitrogen abundance in NGC 3114 agree with the fi eld and cluster giants. The oxygen abundance in NGC 3114 is lower compared to the field giants. The [O/Fe] ratio is similar to the giants in young clusters. We detec ted sodium enrichment in the analyzed cluster giants. As far as the othe r elements are concerned, their [X/Fe] ratios follow the same trend seen in giants with the same metallicity.
Osteopontin versus alpha-fetoprotein as a diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis

Background Several studies have reported that osteopontin (OPN) is a promising marker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, some studies emerged with conflicting results. Therefore, we provide a systematic review to evaluate the diagnostic performance of OPN for HCC. Methods Studies that investigated the diagnostic value of OPN and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in HCC were collected from PubMed and Embase. Sensitivity, specificity, and other parameters about the diagnostic accuracy of serum OPN and AFP in HCC were pooled using STATA 12.0 software. The summary receiver operating characteristic curve (sROC) and other parameters were used to summarize the overall test performance. Results Twelve studies were included in our meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.813 (95% CI: 0.671–0.902), 0.874 (95% CI: 0.778–0.932), and 30.047 (95% CI: 8.845–102.067) for OPN; 0.639 (95% CI: 0.538–0.729), 0.959 (95% CI: 0.909–0.982), and 41.518 (95% CI: 13.688–125.929) for AFP; and 0.856 (95% CI: 0.760–0.918), 0.738 (95% CI: 0.630–0.823), and 16.718 (95% CI: 7.950–35.156) for OPN+AFP, respectively. The area under the sROC for OPN, AFP, and OPN+AFP was 0.91, 0.88, and 0.85, respectively. For diagnosis of early HCC, pooled sensitivity of serum OPN, AFP, and OPN+AFP was 0.493 (95% CI: 0.422–0.563), 0.517 (95% CI: 0.446–0.587), and 0.732 (95% CI: 0.666–0.791), respectively. Conclusions OPN is a comparable marker to AFP for the diagnosis of HCC, and the sensitivity of OPN was higher than that of AFP. A combination of AFP and OPN can elevate the sensitivity of diagnosis for early HCC.
Cancer Risk Assessment and the Biostatistical Revolution of the 1970s—A Reflection

Before around 1960, assessment of risk from exposure to toxic substances, including risk of cancer, was generally implemented using the NOAEL-safety factor approach that essentially assumed that an exposure threshold existed and exposures below the threshold carried no risk. In the 1970s there came a realization that cancer could develop from a mutation in a single cell and consequently it was unlikely that a threshold existed for substances that could cause such mutations, and that risk could increase linearly with exposure. During this time the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was formed and charged with protecting the public from a perceived high risk of environmental cancer. Faced with this difficult task, EPA decided to assess cancer risk by fitting a statistical model to dose-response cancer data and extrapolating to low dose using the fitted model. After some early experimentation EPA selected the Linearized Multistage Model for this fitting, which predicted risk increased linearly with exposure at low exposures. This approach led to an increased emphasis on statistical issues in risk assessment. Today, cancer risk assessment guidelines allow for different approaches depending upon the understanding of a substance's mode of action. However, a review of EPA's experience with current guidelines indicates that most cancer risk assessments still follow procedures similar to those initiated more than 40 years ago.
Spinal Infections: From Prevention to Cure Surgical Site Infection in Spine Surgery: Who Is at Risk?

Abstract Study Design: Retrospective literature review of spine surgical site infection (SSI). Objective: To perform a review of SSI risk factors and more specifically, categorize them into patient and surgical factors. Methods: A review of published literature on SSI risk factors in adult spine surgery was performed. We included studies that reported risk factors for SSI in adult spinal surgery. Excluded are pediatric patient populations, systematic reviews, and metaanalyses. Overall, we identified 72 cohort studies, 1 controlled-cohort study, 1 matched-cohort study, 1 matched-paired cohort study, 12 case-controlled studies (CCS), 6 case series, and 1 cross-sectional study. Results: Patient-associated risk factors—diabetes mellitus, obesity (body mass index >35 kg/m), subcutaneous fat thickness, multiple medical comorbidities, current smoker, and malnutrition were associated with SSI. Surgical associated factors—preoperative radiation/postoperative blood transfusion, combined anterior/posterior approach, surgical invasiveness, or levels of instrumentation were associated with increased SSI. There is mixed evidence of age, duration of surgery, surgical team, intraoperative blood loss, dural tear, and urinary tract infection/urinary catheter in association with SSI. Conclusion: SSIs are associated with many risk factors that can be patient or surgically related. Our review was able to identify important modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors that can be essential in surgical planning and discussion with patients.
Simultaneous three Enterobacteriaceae with different blaNDM-1-encoding plasmids in a patient transferred from mainland China to Taiwan

New-Delhi metallo-β-lactamase1 (NDM-1) Enterobacteriaceae are increasing worldwide. Herein, we describe a single patient who carried three unusual NDM-1 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae – Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) yielded from a urine specimen and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) from stool specimens. For E. cloacae, its bla NDM-1-encoding plasmid was pKP04NDM with a size of ~54 kb replicons with an IncN backbone. For K. pneumoniae, its blaNDM-1-encoding plasmid was pNDM-BTR with a size of ~59.6 kb and belonged to IncN. For E. coli, its main blaNDM-1-encoding plasmid was pIMP-HK1500, and the NDM-1 gene was obtained from a part of pNDM-BTR (8439 bp). These three clinical strains are reported for the first time and are assumed to be imported from mainland China to Taiwan. The three different plasmids were never reported in K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and Citrobacter spp before. Owing to their associated multidrug resistance, appropriate measures of periodic, targeted surveillance, and development of new antimicrobial agents are urgently needed.
A study of formative assessment strategies in teachers’ school-based in-service training

The aim of this study was to explore a team of teachers’ ( n =4) use of theoretically based formative assessment strategies within the course of a learning study. The thematic analysis is based on video observations of teachers’ discussions during planning meetings, teaching in the classroom and evaluation meetings. The subject-specific content focused on learning about fractions, specifically the concepts of double and half, in three groups of six- to seven-year-old students ( n =51 in total). An iterative process was used in which the teachers in the study used video recordings as a tool for analyzing their work in the classroom. The thematic analysis shows that the use of a general learning theory – variation theory ­– strengthens the effect of the teachers’ formative assessment. Without explicit use of the assumptions from the theoretical framework, the formative assessment strategies had only a minor impact on students’ learning outcomes.
Catching insects while recording bats: impacts of light trapping on acoustic sampling

Collecting information on bat prey availability usually involves the use of light traps to capture moths and flies that constitute the main prey items of most insectivorous bats. However, despite the recent awareness on the adverse effects of light on bats, little is known regarding the potential impacts of light trapping on the bat sampling outcomes when passive acoustic sampling and light trapping are implemented simultaneously. Using a before–after experimental design that involved the installation of a 6 W actinic light trap 1 m away from the bat detector, we tested the predictions that (1) slow‐flying bat species will be less active when the light trap is present, while the opposite will be true for fast‐flying species; and (2) bat species richness will be lower at lit conditions compared to dark ones. Our results suggest that the use of light traps in combination with bat detectors may considerably influence the outcomes of acoustic sampling. Although the activity of fast‐flying bat species did not differ between the two treatments, we found that the activity of slow‐flying ones such as Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Rhinolophus hipposideros decreased significantly at lit conditions. Furthermore, we recorded fewer bat species when the light trap was deployed. To overcome this issue, we strongly recommend either (1) placing light traps at a considerable distance from bat detectors; or (2) using light traps during the night that follows the bat sampling if sampling needs to be at the same position; or (3) deploying non‐attractant insect traps such as Malaise traps if Lepidoptera is not the main order targeted.
A Grammar of Tariana, from Northwest Amazonia

This is a comprehensive reference grammar of Tariana, an endangered Arawak language from a remote region in the northwest Amazonian jungle. Its speakers traditionally marry someone speaking a different language, and as a result most people are fluent in five or six languages. Because of this rampant multilingualism, Tariana combines a number of features inherited from the protolanguage with properties diffused from neighbouring but unrelated Tucanoan languages. Typologically unusual features of the language include: an array of classifiers independent of genders, complex serial verbs, case marking depending on the topicality of a noun, and double marking of case and of number. Tariana has obligatory evidentiality: every sentence contains a special element indicating whether the information was seen, heard, or inferred by the speaker, or whether the speaker acquired it from somebody else. This grammar will be a valuable source-book for linguists and others interested in natural languages. • Full reference grammar of a relatively undescribed and currently endangered language • An account of the multilingualism resulting from strict traditions of exogamy and its effect on the structure of a language • A description of varied unusual linguistic features in typological perspective (classifiers, evidentiality, serial verbs and many others)
A NOVEL COUPLED T-MATRIX AND MICROWAVE NETWORK APPROACH FOR MULTIPLE SCATTERING FROM PARALLEL SEMICIRCULAR CHANNELS WITH ECCENTRIC CYLINDRICAL INCLUSIONS

Abstract—A novel coupled T-matrix and microwave network approach is proposed for the multiple scattering from parallel semicircular channels. First, an equivalent network is set up to derive the T-matrix of a single channel, in which the S-parameters are derived for the semicircular boundary and the T-matrix of the inclusive cylinders is served as loading matrix of s-parameters. In addition, the T-matrix of the inclusive cylinders is obtained from the T-matrix of each cylinder in its local coordinates using the addition theorem of cylindrical harmonics. Thus, the T-matrix description of semicircular channels could be obtained steadily by the equivalent microwave network theory. Second, the addition theorems in half space are derived and utilized to take account of multiple scattering from several parallel channels. Comparing with previous dual-series eigenfunction solutions, the coupled method simplifies the analysis and could handle much more complex structures step by step. The method is verified by comparison with previous publications and both TM and TE wave illumination are considered.