Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aripiprazole for the treatment of psychoses in institutionalized patients with Alzheimer dementia: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled assessment of three fixed doses.

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole for psychosis associated with Alzheimer dementia (AD). METHODS In this double-blind, multicenter study, 487 institutionalized patients with psychosis associated with AD were randomized to placebo or aripiprazole, 2, 5 or 10 mg/day. Primary efficacy assessment was the mean change from baseline to week 10 on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home (NPI-NH) version Psychosis Subscale score. Secondary measures included NPI-NH Total, Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-S), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) Core and Total, and the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) scores. RESULTS Aripiprazole 10 mg/day showed significantly greater improvements (mean change [2 x SD]) than placebo on the NPI-NH Psychosis Subscale (-6.87 [8.6] versus -5.13 [10.0]; F = 6.29, df = 1, 422, p = 0.013 by analysis of covariance [ANCOVA]); CGI-S (-0.72 [1.8] versus -0.46 [1.6]; F = 4.68, df = 1, 419, p = 0.031 [ANCOVA]); BPRS Total (-7.12 [18.4] versus -4.17 [21.6]; F = 4.72, df = 1, 399, p = 0.030 [ANCOVA]); BPRS Core (-3.07 [6.9] versus -1.74 [7.8]; F = 7.30, df = 1, 407, p = 0.007 [ANCOVA]); CMAI (-10.96 [22.6] versus -6.64 [28.6]; F = 5.23, df = 1, 410, p = 0.023 [ANCOVA]), and NPI-NH Psychosis response rate (65 versus 50%; chi(2) = 5.52, df = 1, p = 0.019 [CMH]). Aripiprazole 5 mg/day showed significant improvements versus placebo on BPRS and CMAI scores. Aripiprazole 2 mg/day was not efficacious. Cerebrovascular adverse events were reported: aripiprazole 2 mg/day, N = 1; 5 mg/day, N = 2; 10 mg/day, N = 4; placebo, N = 0. No deaths in any group (aripiprazole 2 mg/day, 3%; 5 mg/day, 2%; 10 mg/day, 7%; placebo, 3%) were considered to be treatment-related. CONCLUSION Aripiprazole 10 mg/day was efficacious and safe for psychosis associated with AD, significantly improving psychotic symptoms, agitation, and clinical global impression. However, clinicians should be aware of the safety considerations of atypical antipsychotic uses in this population.
Quantitative structure-activity relationship study on the biodegradation of acid dyestu ff s

Quantitative structure-biodegradability relationships (QSBRs) were established to develop predictive models and mechanistic explanations for acid dyestuffs as well as biological activities. With a total of four descriptors, molecular weight (MW), energies of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO), and the excited state (EES), calculated using quantum chemical semi-empirical methodology, a series of models were analyzed between the dye biodegradability and each descriptor. Results showed that EHOMO and MW were the dominant parameters controlling the biodegradability of acid dyes. A statistically robust QSBR model was developed for all studied dyes, with the combined application of EHOMO and MW. The calculated biodegradations fitted well with the experimental data monitored in a facultative-aerobic process, indicative of the reliable prediction and mechanistic character of the developed model.
Lichen Planus: Treatment of Thirty Cases with Systemic and Topical Phenytoin

1, Barba-Rubio J, Diphenylhydantoin in leprosy. Presented to the Xll Congress o? Dermatology, Oaxaca, Mexico, Oct. 9-12, 1985, 2, El Zayat S, Preliminary experience with topical phenytoin in wound healing in a war zone, Milit Med, 1989; 154:178-180, 3, Malhotra YK, Amin SS, Wound healing in trophic ulcers of leprosy in India, Ouad Coop Sanit, 1988;9:345, 4, Modaghegh S, Salehian B, Tavassoli M, et al. Use of phenytoin in healing of war and non-war wounds: a pilot study of 25 cases, IntJ Dermatol, 1989;28:347-350, 5, Rodriguez-Noriega E, Esperanza-Ahumada S, Andrade-Perez JS, et al. Treatment of soft-tissue ulcerations with topical diphenylbydantoin. Invest Medica Int. 1983;10:184-186, 6, Smith BH, Bogoch S, Dreyfus J, The broad range of clinical use of phenytoin. New York: Dreyfus Medical Foundation, 1988,
Vasomotor reactivity evaluation in cardiac rehabilitation.

Endothelial dysfunction is a generalized phenomenon detectable at various levels in the vasculature, and is evident very early in the atherosclerotic process. These peculiarities have stimulated the introduction of new non-invasive techniques dedicated to evaluate the vasomotor response of arteries or districts in favourable position in the body (forearm, hand) that may reflect the response of inner arteries otherwise requiring invasive procedures (i.e. coronary arteries). Moreover, these techniques can be theoretically used to detect abnormalities of vasomotor response before a clinical adverse event may occur in subjects prone to vascular accidents with risk factors for atherosclerosis. Of physical stimuli inducing e-NOS activation and subsequent nitric oxide synthesis, the shear stress produced by pulsatile blood flow is the most important. This property is actually used in clinical practice to study the flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Any condition that reduces the ability of endothelial cells to produce nitric oxide causes endothelial dysfunction, which is directly reflected into a depressed FMD. There is evidence that brachial artery flow-mediated dilation is improved after local as well as systemic exercise, suggesting that the improvement in endothelial function is generalized and documentable in different arterial districts with similar results. Aerobic exercise induces e-NOS expression and improves the endothelial-dependent relaxation in normal as well as cardiac patients. The endothelium-independent vasorelaxation is generally unchanged after chronic conditioning, but this result is not evident in all studies. The improved endothelial vasoreactivity is correlated with enhanced functional capacity after moderate aerobic exercise, suggesting an important pathophysiological role of oxygen transport in exercise tolerance. These beneficial effects has been described in patients with stable heart failure in II and III NYHA functional class and in patients with coronary artery disease with programs different for frequency, duration and intensity. The evaluation of vasomotor reactivity gives promising results in explaining the effects of medications and exercise training. The demonstration that flow-mediated dilation may quantify endothelial dysfunction in subjects with a variety of conditions can be used in clinical practice not only to assess the effects of interventions, but also to provide a preliminary screening in apparently healthy subjects who have an underlying silent coronary artery disease. In cardiac rehabilitation, there are promising results from FMD evaluation in selecting patients who take major benefits in terms of functional capacity and endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
Genomic Structure and Insulin-mediated Repression of the Aquaporin Adipose (AQPap), Adipose-specific Glycerol Channel*

Aquaporin adipose (AQPap) is a putative glycerol channel in adipocytes (Kishida, K., Kuriyama, H., Funahashi, T., Shimomura, I., Kihara, S., Ouchi, N., Nishida, M., Nishizawa, H., Matsuda, M., Takahashi, M., Hotta, K., Nakamura, T., Yamashita, S., Tochino, Y., and Matsuzawa, Y. (2000) J. Biol. Chem.275, 20896–20902). In the current study, we examined the genomic structure of the mouse AQPap gene and its regulation by insulin. The mouse AQPap gene spanned 12 kilobase pairs in chromosome 4 and consisted of 8 exons and 7 introns. The first two exons, designated exon 1 and exon 1′, are alternatively spliced to common exon 2, and thus the AQPap gene possessed two potential promoters. The exon 1-derived transcript is dominant in both adipose tissues and adipocytes on the basis of RNase protection assay and promoter analysis. The mRNA increased after fasting and decreased with refeeding. Insulin deficiency generated by streptozotocin enhanced the mRNA in adipose tissue. Insulin down-regulated AQPap mRNA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The AQPap promoter contained heptanucleotide sequences, TGTTTTT at −443/−437, similar to the insulin-response element identified previously in the promoters of insulin-repressed genes. Deletion and single base pair substitution analysis of the promoter revealed that these sequences were required for insulin-mediated repression of AQPap gene transcription. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway was involved in this inhibition. We conclude that insulin represses the transcription of AQPap gene via insulin response element in its promoter. Sustained up-regulation of AQPap mRNA in adipose tissue in the insulin-resistant condition may disturb glucose homeostasis by increasing plasma glycerol.
Douglas‐fir plantations in Europe: a retrospective test of assisted migration to address climate change

We evaluate genetic test plantations of North American Douglas‐fir provenances in Europe to quantify how tree populations respond when subjected to climate regime shifts, and we examined whether bioclimate envelope models developed for North America to guide assisted migration under climate change can retrospectively predict the success of these provenance transfers to Europe. The meta‐analysis is based on long‐term growth data of 2800 provenances transferred to 120 European test sites. The model was generally well suited to predict the best performing provenances along north–south gradients in Western Europe, but failed to predict superior performance of coastal North American populations under continental climate conditions in Eastern Europe. However, model projections appear appropriate when considering additional information regarding adaptation of Douglas‐fir provenances to withstand frost and drought, even though the model partially fails in a validation against growth traits alone. We conclude by applying the partially validated model to climate change scenarios for Europe, demonstrating that climate trends observed over the last three decades warrant changes to current use of Douglas‐fir provenances in plantation forestry throughout Western and Central Europe.
Algebraic cycles and antholomorphic involutions on projective spaces

The first step in the development of what is known now as “Lawson homology” was H. B. Lawson’s proof of the algebraic version of the Thom isomorphism for a certain class of bundles [9] and, as a consequence, a complete description of the groups of algebraic cycles on CPn from the topological point of view. In this paper we describe two real counterparts of the results of [9]. Usually, the term “real variety” means “complex variety with an antiholomorphic involution on it”. In concrete examples, however, reality comes in very different flavours. On the Riemann sphere, for example, there are two essentially different antiholomorphic involutions: complex conjugation and the antipodal map. The analogue of the antipodal map exists on any odd-dimensional complex projective space; the “reality” associated with it has a close relationship to quaternions. Taking this into account, by “real algebraic cycles” in CPn we will mean those invariant under complex conjugation. Cycles that are invariant under the generalised antipodal map will be called “quaternionic cycles”. Our main results are the calculations of the homotopy groups of the groups of real and quaternionic cycles on complex projective spaces. The real case has already been treated by T. K. Lam [8], who calculated the homotopy type of what he called “groups of mod 2 cycles”. We complement his calculation by computing the homotopy type of the groups of cycles with integral coefficients. (In a recent work [10] by H.B. Lawson, P.Lima-Filho and M. -L. Michelsohn the authors also calculate the homotopy type of these groups. The results of [10] are more complete than ours as they include a description of the multiplicative structure on the homotopy of the groups of real cycles.) As for quaternionic cycle groups, we determine their homotopy type only rationally. Stronger statements about groups of quaternionic cycles of even dimension were obtained by Lawson, Lima-Filho and Michelsohn in [11], but the rational description of odd-dimensional cycle groups seems to be the best available at the moment. The paper is organised as follows. The next section contains some background material on symmetric products and complex cycle spaces. We need it mostly to establish the notation.
Serum and bronchoalveolar IgG against A60 and 38 kDa antigens in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

SETTING The ELISA test is generally accepted for serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. Its sensitivity and specificity depend on the antigen used and data are not always concordant. In some patients suspected of tuberculosis, sarcoidosis or lung cancer, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is performed. BAL fluid (BALF) contains immunoglobulins--their source is transudation from the serum but local IgG synthesis of IgG is not excluded. OBJECTIVE The comparison of BALF versus serum in the serodiagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, and its differentiation from sarcoidosis and lung cancer. DESIGN The IgG against A60 and 38 kDa antigens in serum and BALF were measured using the commercially available IgG EIA kits. The study included 13 tuberculous patients, 8 patients with sarcoidosis, 10 patients with lung cancer and 9 healthy volunteers. RESULTS In the serum studies the sensitivity of the assays did not exceed 40% and 60% in the estimation of IgG 38 kDa and IgG A60, respectively. The specificity of both assays was similar: 81% (IgG 38 kDa) and 69-75% (IgG A60). In BALF studies the sensitivity of the IgG 38 kDa assay was 50% and its specificity was 44%. The ranges of the IgG A60 concentrations in BALF were similar in all subject groups. CONCLUSION In differentiation between tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and lung cancer, the measurement of IgG against A60 and 38 kDa antigens in serum is more useful than that in BALF.
Gap-crossing behavior in a standardized and a nonstandardized jumping stone configuration

Over the last years, the omnipresent standardization of playgrounds—the distances between, for example, jumping stones tend to be equal—has been criticized by both scientists and architects. First, it has been argued that standardization fails to do justice to the variability in the children’s action capabilities. Second, it might simplify play in that children repetitively cross over the same distance and, thus, do not have to worry about their movements anymore. In the present study we examined the gap-crossing behavior of children in both a standardized and a nonstandardized jumping stone configuration. Children, between 5 and 10 years of age, were to play in each configuration for two minutes. No significant differences between the configurations were found in the number of gaps the children crossed and the percentage of jumps (ps>0.05). However, more children crossed a gap that they perceived as challenging (i.e. gap width close to their estimated maximum jumping distance) in the nonstandardized configuration than in the standardized one. Interestingly, significant differences were found in variables reflecting the children’s action preparation—the variation in both the time on a jumping stone and the numbers of steps on it was bigger in the nonstandardized playground than in the standardized one (ps<0.05). The implications of these findings are discussed for both the design of playgrounds and the academic discussions about them.
Negative Regulation of T Cell Homeostasis by Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (CD223)1

Lymphocyte homeostasis is a central biological process that is tightly regulated. However, its molecular and cellular control is poorly understood. We show that aged mice deficient in lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), an MHC class II binding CD4 homologue, have twice as many T cells as wild-type controls. CD4+ and CD8+ LAG-3-deficient T cells showed enhanced homeostatic expansion in lymphopenic hosts, which was abrogated by ectopic expression of wild-type LAG-3, but not by a signaling-defective mutant. In addition, in vivo treatment with anti-LAG-3 mAb resulted in enhanced T cell expansion to a level comparable to that in LAG-3-deficient cells. This deregulation of T cell homeostasis also resulted in the expansion of multiple cell types, including B cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cells. Lastly, regulatory T cells were dependent on LAG-3 for their optimal control of T cell homeostasis. Our data suggest that LAG-3 negatively regulates T cell homeostasis by regulatory T cell-dependent and independent mechanisms.
articleEffects of chocolate milk consumption on markers of muscle recovery following soccer training : a randomized cross-over study

Background: The efficacy of chocolate milk (CM) as a recovery beverage following a period of increased training duration (ITD) was studied in intercollegiate soccer players. Methods: 13 subjects completed one week of normal 'baseline' training followed by four days of ITD. After each day of ITD, subjects received either a high-carbohydrate (504 kcal; CHO: 122 g; 2 g Fat) or isocaloric CM (504 kcal; 84 g CHO; 28 g Pro; 7 g Fat) recovery beverage. Serum creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (Mb), muscle soreness, fatigue ratings and isometric quadriceps force (MVC) were obtained prior to ITD, and following 2and 4-days of ITD. Performance tests (Tdrill, vertical jump) were performed within training sessions. Treatments were administered in a randomly counterbalanced protocol, and subjects repeated the procedures with the alternate beverage following a two-week
The β-catenin/VegT-regulated early zygotic gene Xnr5 is a direct target of SOX3 regulation

In Xenopus laevis, β-catenin-mediated dorsal axis formation can be suppressed by overexpression of the HMG-box transcription factor XSOX3. Mutational analysis indicates that this effect is due not to the binding of XSOX3 to β-catenin nor to its competition with β-catenin-regulated TCF-type transcription factors for specific DNA binding sites, but rather to SOX3 binding to sites within the promoter of the early VegT- andβ -catenin-regulated dorsal-mesoderm-inducing gene Xnr5. Although B1-type SOX proteins, such as XSOX3, are commonly thought to act as transcriptional activators, XSOX3 acts as a transcriptional repressor of Xnr5 in both the intact embryo and animal caps injected with VegT RNA. Expression of a chimeric polypeptide composed of XSOX3 and a VP16 transcriptional activation domain or morpholino-induced decrease in endogenous XSOX3 polypeptide levels lead to an increase in Xnr5 expression, as does injection of an anti-XSOX3 antibody that inhibits XSOX3 DNA binding. These observations indicate that maternal XSOX3 acts in a novel manner to restrict Xnr5 expression to the vegetal hemisphere.
Nuclear Maspin expression is associated with response to adjuvant 5‐fluorouracil based chemotherapy in patients with stage III colon cancer

Maspin, a member of the Serpin protease inhibitor family, is overexpressed in poorly differentiated colorectal tumors and more frequently found in tumors with microsatellite instability. Immunohistochemical nuclear Maspin staining is predominantly seen in tumor cells at the invasion front of such cancers, suggesting that this molecule is associated with local tumor cell infiltration and aggressiveness. In a retrospective study, we studied nuclear Maspin expression as a potential prognostic tool in a total of 172 primary stage III colon cancers by immunohistochemistry. Of those 172 patients, 76 were treated by surgery only, and 96 patients received additional adjuvant 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) based chemotherapy. Nuclear Maspin expression was an independent adverse prognostic factor for overall survival in our patient cohort (hazard ratio 2.08; 95% CI, 1.13–3.81; p = 0.018). However, patients with primary tumors expressing Maspin in the nucleus showed a significant treatment benefit from 5‐FU chemotherapy (hazard ratio 0.384; 95% CI, 0.188–0.784; p = 0.009) compared to adjuvantly treated patients whose tumors did not express this molecule. Nuclear Maspin expression is highly predictive of 5‐FU chemotherapy response in patients with advanced stage colon cancer. Patients with negative immunhistochemical Maspin expression do not benefit from 5‐FU treatment and may be candidates for an alternative (non‐5‐FU based) adjuvant therapy regime. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Personality disorders in patients with winter depression

Sixty‐six patients satisfying the criteria for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) winter depression type (n= 57) or subsyndromal SAD (n= 9), were interviewed in a nondepressed state with the Structured Interview for DSM‐III‐R Personality Disorders (SIDP‐R). Twenty‐three percent of the patients in the SAD sample met DSM‐III‐R criteria for one or more categorical diagnosis of personality disorder (PD). Disorders in cluster C occurred in 18% of the sample, while 12% had cluster B PDs and 5% a cluster A disorder. The relative number of positive criteria, as a dimensional measure of PD, were higher for all cluster C disorders than for any PD in the other clusters. Our data indicate that the pattern of personality disorders in patients with winter SAD are similar to that previously reported for outpatients with non‐SAD major depression. We explored the relationship between lifetime severity and clinical manifestation of SAD and dimensional measures of PD with multiple regression analyses. No significant association was found. This is in accordance with the hypothesis that the two disorders are distinct conditions with independent causes.
Quality of Marginal Adaptation Evaluation of Posterior Composites in Clinical Trials

The evaluation of margins of restorations in clinical trials relies on the subjective assessment of evaluators, with no instrument having been developed, let alone validated, to assist in the process. The purpose of the present study was to assess the quality of evaluations of marginal adaptation by analyzing the distribution of marginal steps rated according to clinical criteria. Replicas of 435 restorations, the marginal qualities of which had been evaluated according to modified USPHS criteria, were randomly selected from the Occlusin TM multi-center clinical trial program. The marginal step height in the most deteriorated area of each restoration was measured by means of a digital step-height instrument. An overlap between the steps in the restorations with A (Alfa; replacement unnecessary) and B (Bravo; replacement questionable) ratings was found to be in the range of 101 μm to 321 μm. When the steps with a height greater or less than one standard deviation of the mean were excluded, the overlap was reduced to a range of 168 μm to 173 μm. This finding indicates a marginal height boundary between A and B ratings for marginal adaptation of 170 ± 3 μm.
INVERTED PAPILLOMA OF THE BLADDER AND THEIR VARIANTS VERSUS INVERTED GROWTH PATTERNS OF CANCER

Inverted papilloma of the bladder is thought to be benign, but some urothelial carcinomas show a prominent inverted growth pattern which may pose a diagnostic dilemma. A recent meta-analysis of 322 cases reported with respect to inverted papilloma of the lower urinary tract identified a recurrence rate of 3.85%. Moreover, 1.55%, 5.90% and 1.54% were associated with previous, simultaneous and subsequent urothelial cell carcinoma, respectively (1). These findings together with the known potential for misinterpretation of urothelial carcinoma with endophytic growth as inverted papilloma emphasizes the need of an appropriated approach to differential diagnosis of endophytic lesions of the bladder.