Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating Multimedia Learning with Web Lectures

Naturalistic research has shown that a web lecture intervention that includes multimedia lectures studied before class, short homework assignments, and in-class application activities can increase students’ grades and satisfaction. The multimedia lectures, called web lectures, are a combination of video, audio, and PowerPoint streamed over the web. This experimental study was motivated by a desire to understand the contribution of web lectures themselves to the web lecture intervention’s success. Educational multimedia design guidelines from Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) and the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) were used to evaluate and hypothesize about the learning efficacy of three information-equivalent—Video+Audio+PPT (web lecture), Audio+PPT, PPT+Transcript—and one information-nonequivalent—PPT-Only—educational presentation conditions. 60 randomly assigned participants studied the educational materials and completed a posttest and exit survey. Participants in the web lecture condition performed statistically significantly better on the posttest than all other conditions, and survey responses indicated that participants perceived the combination of modalities used by web lectures as more educationally effective than those used in the other conditions. This study verifies the educational contribution of web lectures to the web lecture intervention, web lectures’ educational effectiveness as standalone learning objects, and the value-added of video for educational multimedia. These results were not completely in line with our hypothesis based on CLT and CTML, suggesting these theories’ limited applicability for multimedia presentations with characteristics of those used in this study. Several possible factors that might account for the results inconsistent with CLT and CTML are identified, including the visibility of gesture in the video and the length and subject matter of the presentations.
Impact of naturally forming human α/β-tryptase heterotetramers in the pathogenesis of hereditary α-tryptasemia

Human α/β-tryptase heterotetramer, a previously hidden form of tryptase, explains some of the unusual clinical features of hereditary α-tryptasemia. α/β-Tryptase forms naturally in mast cells and, when secreted, activates clinically relevant proteins, likely impacting a variety of mast cell disorders.
Postoperative Delirium Is Associated with Long-term Decline in Activities of Daily Living.

WHAT WE ALREADY KNOW ABOUT THIS TOPIC Postoperative delirium is common, but its long-term consequences remain unclear WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: About a quarter of enrolled patients, averaging 80 yr of age, developed delirium after major elective and urgent major orthopedic surgeryActivities of daily living at 2 to 3 yr and mortality at 3 yr were both worse in patients who experienced delirium BACKGROUND:: Postoperative delirium is one of the most common complications in the elderly surgical population. However, its long-term outcomes remain largely to be determined. Therefore a prospective cohort study was conducted to determine the association between postoperative delirium and long-term decline in activities of daily living and postoperative mortality. The hypothesis in the present study was that postoperative delirium was associated with a greater decline in activities of daily living and higher mortality within 24 to 36 months after anesthesia and surgery. METHODS The participants (at least 65 yr old) having the surgeries of (1) proximal femoral nail, (2) hip replacement, or (3) open reduction and internal fixation under general anesthesia were enrolled. The Confusion Assessment Method algorithm was administered to diagnose delirium before and on the first, second, and fourth days after the surgery. Activities of daily living were evaluated by using the Chinese version of the activities of daily living scale (range, 14 to 56 points), and preoperative cognitive function was assessed by using the Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination (range, 0 to 30 points). The follow-up assessments, including activities of daily living and mortality, were conducted between 24 and 36 months after anesthesia and surgery. RESULTS Of 130 participants (80 ± 6 yr, 24% male), 34 (26%) developed postoperative delirium during the hospitalization. There were 32% of the participants who were lost to follow-up, resulting in 88 participants who were finally included in the data analysis. The participants with postoperative delirium had a greater decline in activities of daily living (16 ± 15 vs. 9 ± 15, P = 0.037) and higher 36-month mortality (8 of 28, 29% vs. 7 of 75, 9%; P = 0.009) as compared with the participants without postoperative delirium. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative delirium was associated with long-term detrimental outcomes, including greater decline in activities of daily living and a higher rate of postoperative mortality.
Are Two-Part Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures Stable and does Stability Depend on Fixation Method?

OBJECTIVES To determine stability of two-part intertrochanteric femur fractures and to determine if secondary collapse is related to fixation method. DESIGN A retrospective cohort series. SETTING Single Level I Trauma Center. PATIENTS 114 patients (82 female) older than age fifty (average age 75 years, range 50 to 100 years) with an acute low energy standard obliquity 2-part intertrochanteric femur fracture (OTA 31A) identified from an orthopaedic trauma database were studied. INTERVENTION 23 patients were treated with a sliding hip screw (DHS), 53 with a dual screw trochanteric entry nail (INTERTAN), and 38 with a single blade or screw trochanteric entry intramedullary nail (TFN) based on surgeon choice by four fellowship trained orthopaedic trauma surgeons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fracture collapse was measured by comparing immediate post-operative radiographs to those at final follow-up while controlling for magnification and rotation. RESULTS Collapse averaged 6.8 mm in the DHS group, 3.7 mm in the INTERTAN group, and 7.3 mm in the TFN group. When comparing groups, there was significantly more collapse in the DHS group compared to the INTERTAN group (p = 0.021), and significantly more collapse in the TFN group compared to the INTERTAN group (p < 0.001). Six patients (26%) in the DHS group had > 10 mm collapse including four (17%) with greater than 20 mm collapse (max = 34.2 mm). Four patients (8%) in the INTERTAN group had > 10 mm collapse and none had greater than 12.9 mm. Ten patients (26%) in the TFN group had > 10 mm collapse and three (5%) had greater than 20 mm collapse (max = 30.7 mm). CONCLUSION Stability of two-part intertrochanteric femur fractures is dependent upon the fixation device. These fractures are not necessarily stable when treated with a sliding hip screw as 26% treated with this method collapsed greater than 10 mm and 17% more than 20 mm. Dual screw intramedullary nail fixation appears to be most effective to maintain stability for patients with this fracture pattern.
Influence of Cooking Methods on Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates Content in Novel Cruciferous Foods

Brassica vegetables are of great interest due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, being responsible for the glucosinolates (GLS) and their hydroxylated derivatives, the isothiocyanates (ITC). Nevertheless, these compounds are quite unstable when these vegetables are cooked. In order to study this fact, the influence of several common domestic cooking practices on the degradation of GLS and ITC in two novel Brassica spp. : broccolini (Brassica oleracea var italica Group x alboglabra Group) and kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L.) was determined. On one hand, results showed that both varieties were rich in health-promoter compounds, broccolini being a good source of glucoraphanin and sulforaphane (≈79 and 2.5 mg 100 g−1 fresh weight (F.W.), respectively), and kale rich in glucoiberin and iberin (≈12 and 0.8 mg 100 g−1 F.W., respectively). On the other hand, regarding cooking treatments, stir-frying and steaming were suitable techniques to preserve GLS and ITC (≥50% of the uncooked samples), while boiling was deleterious for the retention of these bioactive compounds (20–40% of the uncooked samples). Accordingly, the appropriate cooking method should be considered an important factor to preserve the health-promoting effects in these trending Brassica.
The role of distress and pain catastrophizing on the health-related quality of life of children with inflammatory bowel disease.

OBJECTIVES Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be particularly challenging during the pediatric age with a relevant impact on patient's health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Disease activity accounts for only a small part of the variability in HRQoL, and psychological factors can play a significant role. We aimed to evaluate the impact of patient's distress and pain catastrophizing on children and adolescents with IBD. METHODS We prospectively recruited children aged 8-18 with IBD and recorded demographic and disease characteristics. Patients answered questionnaires on HRQoL (IMPACT III), distress (Distress Thermometer, DT), and pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale - Children, PCS-C). Univariate and multivariate regression models analysis were used to evaluate correlations between patients's characteristics, disease activity, distress, pain catastrophizing and HRQoL. RESULTS Seventy-one patients were enrolled (median age 13.6, 49.3% Crohn's disease, 50.7% ulcerative colitis). Median HRQoL, DT and PCS-C scores were 78.6 (IQR 68.0-87.1), 3.0 (1.0-5.0), and 12.0 (4.0-23.0) respectively. Patient's distress and pain catastrophizing levels significantly correlated with HRQoL. Pain catastrophizing had the strongest impact on HRQoL (Spearman correlation coefficient, ρ 0.73), followed by distress (ρ 0.67), and ulcerative colitis severity (ρ 0.67). The DT and the PCS-C scores were significantly associated (ρ 0.46). CONCLUSIONS Distress and pain catastrophizing have a significative impact on HRQoL in young patients with IBD. Physicians should recognise the role of these psychological factors and consider cognitive-behavioural therapy to optimise the patient's health.
Inferring Processes of Coevolutionary Diversification in a Community of Panamanian Strangler Figs and Associated Pollinating Wasps

The fig and pollinator wasp obligate mutualism is diverse (~750 described species), ecologically important, and ancient (~80-90 Ma), providing model systems for generating and testing many questions in evolution and ecology. Once thought to be a prime example of strict one-to-one cospeciation, current thinking suggests that genera of pollinator wasps co-evolve with corresponding subsections of figs, but the degree to which cospeciation or other processes contributes to the association at finer scales is unclear. Here we use genome-wide sequence data from a community of Panamanian strangler figs (Ficus subgenus Urostigma, section Americana) and associated fig wasp pollinators (Pegoscapus spp.) to infer the process of coevolutionary diversification in this obligate mutualism. Using a model-based approach adapted from the study of gene family evolution, our results indicate pervasive and ongoing host switching of pollinator wasps at this fine phylogenetic and regional scale. Although the model estimates a modest amount of cospeciation, simulations reveal this signal to be consistent with levels of co-association expected under a model of free host switching. Our findings provide an outline for testing how ecological and evolutionary processes can be modeled to evaluate the history of association of interacting lineages in a phylogenetic framework.
Ssy1 functions at the plasma membrane as a receptor of extracellular amino acids independent of plasma membrane‐endoplasmic reticulum junctions

Evidence from multiple laboratories has implicated Ssy1, a nontransporting amino acid permease, as the receptor component of the yeast plasma membrane (PM)‐localized SPS (Ssy1‐Ptr3‐Ssy5)‐sensor. Upon binding external amino acids, Ssy1 is thought to initiate signaling events leading to the induction of amino acid permease gene expression. In striking contrast, Kralt et al (2015) (Traffic 16:135‐147) have questioned the role of Ssy1 in amino acid sensing and reported that Ssy1 is a component of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it reportedly participates in the formation of ER‐PM junctions. Here, we have re‐examined the intracellular location of Ssy1 and tested the role of ER‐PM junctions in SPS sensor signaling. We show that the C‐terminal of Ssy1 carries a functional ER‐export motif required for proper localization of Ssy1 to the PM. Furthermore, ER‐PM junctions are dispensable for PM‐localization and function of Ssy1; Ssy1 localizes to the PM in a Δtether strain lacking ER‐PM junctions (ist2Δ scs2Δ scs22Δ tcb1Δ tcb2Δ tcb3Δ), and this strain retains the ability to initiate signals induced by extracellular amino acids. The data demonstrate that Ssy1 functions as the primary amino acid receptor and that it carries out this function at the PM.
Uncovering Potential Therapeutic Targets in Colorectal Cancer by Deciphering Mutational Status and Expression of Druggable Oncogenes

Background: Numerous driver mutations have been identified in colorectal cancer (CRC), but their relevance to the development of targeted therapies remains elusive. The secondary effects of pathogenic driver mutations on downstream signaling pathways offer a potential approach for the identification of therapeutic targets. We aimed to identify differentially expressed genes as potential drug targets linked to driver mutations. Methods: Somatic mutations and the gene expression data of 582 CRC patients were utilized, incorporating the mutational status of 39,916 and the expression levels of 20,500 genes. To uncover candidate targets, the expression levels of various genes in wild-type and mutant cases for the most frequent disruptive mutations were compared with a Mann–Whitney test. A survival analysis was performed in 2100 patients with transcriptomic gene expression data. Up-regulated genes associated with worse survival were filtered for potentially actionable targets. The most significant hits were validated in an independent set of 171 CRC patients. Results: Altogether, 426 disruptive mutation-associated upregulated genes were identified. Among these, 95 were linked to worse recurrence-free survival (RFS). Based on the druggability filter, 37 potentially actionable targets were revealed. We selected seven genes and validated their expression in 171 patient specimens. The best independently validated combinations were DUSP4 (p = 2.6 × 10−12) in ACVR2A mutated (7.7%) patients; BMP4 (p = 1.6 × 10−04) in SOX9 mutated (8.1%) patients; TRIB2 (p = 1.35 × 10−14) in ACVR2A mutated patients; VSIG4 (p = 2.6 × 10−05) in ANK3 mutated (7.6%) patients, and DUSP4 (p = 7.1 × 10−04) in AMER1 mutated (8.2%) patients. Conclusions: The results uncovered potentially druggable genes in colorectal cancer. The identified mutations could enable future patient stratification for targeted therapy.
Blood pressure changes after renal denervation are more pronounced in women and nondiabetic patients: findings from the Austrian Transcatheter Renal Denervation Registry.

OBJECTIVES Three recently published sham-controlled studies proved the efficacy of renal denervation (RDN) in hypertensive patients. The study presented here analyzed a nationwide multicentre registry database to clarify which patient subgroups benefit most from radiofrequency RDN. METHODS This is a post hoc analysis from the multicentre Austrian Transcatheter Renal Denervation Registry hosted by the Austrian Society of Hypertension. We correlated change of SBP after RDN to sex and presence/absence of comorbidities. Univariable correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Two hundred and ninety-one patients (43% women, median age 64 years) undergoing RDN between April 2011 and September 2014 were included in this analysis. Mean baseline ambulatory 24 h BP (systolic/diastolic) was 150 ± 18/89 ± 14 mmHg and mean baseline office BP was 170 ± 16/94 ± 14 mmHg.After RDN, mean ambulatory 24 h BP reduction was 9 ± 19/6 ± 16 mmHg. The following features were associated with a good response to RDN: high baseline systolic ambulatory BP, high baseline diastolic office BP, female sex, absence of diabetes mellitus, and absence of peripheral artery disease. Multivariable analysis identified female sex and absence of diabetes mellitus as strongest predictors for ambulatory BP reduction, although those groups had the lowest baseline ambulatory BP. DISCUSSION Ambulatory BP reductions after RDN were substantially more pronounced in female and in nondiabetic patients despite lower baseline BP. It is concluded that in terms of efficacy female patients and nondiabetic patients might benefit more from RDN.
Developing a Theoretical Framework for Evaluating the Quality of mHealth Apps for Adolescent Users: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE To assess adolescents' preferred mobile app features and to propose a framework for evaluating health-related mobile apps for adolescents. METHODS PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, HealthIT.gov, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched in August 2017. Studies pertaining to app development, feasibility, or usability that reported preferred app features and rating criteria on mHealth (mobile health) apps intended for adolescents were included. Quality assessment was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Qualitative synthesis was performed to develop themes reflecting best practices for evaluating the quality of mHealth apps for adolescents. Using a grounded theory approach, we constructed a theoretical framework of rating criteria that can be used to inform development of an evaluation tool for mHealth apps targeted to adolescents. RESULTS Thirteen articles were included. Most commonly preferred features include ability to track test results or self-management progress, connect to social media, and gain points or prizes through app gamification. Common rating criteria include degree of app customizability, ease of use, visual appeal, and interactivity. Five emerging dimensions were used in the theoretical framework: Technical Quality; Engagement; Support System; Autonomy; and Safety, Privacy, and Trust. CONCLUSIONS We found that adolescents prefer mHealth apps that are customizable, offer peer support through social media, sustain engagement via gamification, and support the ability to visualize health trends via simplified graphs. Findings may help in the development of mHealth apps that are preferred by adolescents, as well as the development of a quality evaluation tool for mHealth apps targeted to this population.
Regulation of Acetylcholine Quantal Release by Coupled Thrombin/BDNF Signaling in Mouse Motor Synapses

The aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of thrombin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on spontaneous miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) and multiquantal evoked endplate potentials (EPPs) in mouse neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) of m. diaphragma and m. EDL. Intracellular microelectrode recordings of MEPPs and EPPs were used to evaluate the changes in acetylcholine (ACh) release in mature and newly-formed mouse NMJs. Thrombin (1 nM) increased the amplitude of MEPPs and EPPs by 25–30% in mature and newly-formed NMJs. This effect was due to an enhanced loading of synaptic vesicles with ACh and increase of ACh quantal size, since it was fully prevented by blocking of vesicular ACh transporter. It was also prevented by tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptors inhibitor ANA12. Exogenous BDNF (1 nM) mimicked thrombin effect and increased the amplitude of MEPPs and EPPs by 25–30%. It required involvement of protein kinase A (PKA) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK1/2)-mediated pathway, but not phospholipase C (PLC). Blocking A2A adenosine receptors by ZM241385 abolished the effect of BDNF, whereas additional stimulation of A2A receptors by CGS21680 increased MEPP amplitudes, which was prevented by MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126. At mature NMJs, BDNF enhanced MEPPs frequency by 30–40%. This effect was selectively prevented by inhibition of PLC, but not PKA or MEK1/2. It is suggested that interrelated effects of thrombin/BDNF in mature and newly-formed NMJs are realized via enhancement of vesicular ACh transport and quantal size increase. BDNF-induced potentiation of synaptic transmission involves the functional coupling between A2A receptor-dependent active PKA and neurotrophin-triggered MAPK pathway, as well as PLC-dependent increase in frequency of MEPPs.
Assessing Workplace Health and Safety Strategies, Trends, and Barriers through a Statewide Worksite Survey

Chronic diseases have added to the economic burden of the U.S. healthcare system. Most Americans spend most of their waking time at work, thereby, presenting employers with an opportunity to protect and promote health. The purpose of this study was to assess the implementation of workplace health governance and safety strategies among worksites in the State of Nebraska, over time and by industry sector using a randomized survey. Weighted percentages were compared by year, industry sector, and worksite size. Over the three study periods, 4784 responses were collected from worksite representatives. Adoption of workplace health governance and planning strategies increased over time and significantly varied across industry sector groups. Organizational safety policies varied by industry sector and were more commonly reported than workplace health governance and planning strategies. Time constraints were the most common barrier among worksites of all sizes, and stress was reported as the leading employee health issue that negatively impacts business. Results suggest that opportunities exist to integrate workplace health and safety initiatives, especially in blue-collar industry sectors and small businesses.
Aberrant Kank1 expression regulates YAP to promote apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in OSCC

The kidney ankyrin repeat‐containing protein 1 (Kank1) gene is one of the most important members of the KANK family. Kank1 has hybridity deletion and promoter methylation in the cancer tissues of the brain, lung, kidney and the corresponding cell lines, leading to downregulation of the gene expression. Meanwhile, Kank1 also plays a key role in the occurrence and development of various types of tumors, suggesting that Kank1 may be an anti‐oncogene. However, its role and the potential mechanisms in the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. We examined the expression of Kank1 in OSCC tissues and explored its clinical significance. In addition, we investigated the effects of Kank1 on the biological behavior of OSCC cells and their specific molecular mechanisms. We found that Kank1 was poorly expressed in OSCC tissues and it is correlated with the OSCC stage and the patient's poor prognosis. By overexpression of Kank1, we found that the proliferation ability of the OSCC cells decreased both in vitro and in vivo, the proportion of apoptotic cells increased, and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential decreased. In terms of the molecular mechanism, we confirmed that Kank1 could inhibit the occurrence of OSCC by regulating Yap to inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of the OSCC cells. Moreover, it was found that the overexpression of YAP reversed those effects caused by Kank1 overexpression on the OSCC cells. In conclusion, the research indicated that Kank1 might play an anti‐oncogenic role in OSCC and it could be considered to be a target for the diagnosis and the treatment of OSCC.