Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Low Ratio of Red/Far-Red in the Light Spectrum Accelerates Senescence in Nest Leaves of Platycerium Bifurcatum

The fern Platycerium bifurcatum is a valuable component of the flora of tropical forests, where degradation of local ecosystems and changes in lighting conditions occur due to the increasing anthropogenic pressure. In ferns, phytochrome mechanism responsible for the response to changes in the value of R/FR differs from the mechanism observed in spermatophytes. This study analyzed the course of ontogenesis of nest leaves in P. bifurcatum at two values of the R/FR ratio, corresponding to shadow conditions (low R/FR) and intense insolation (high R/FR). The work used only non-destructive research analysis, such as measurements of reflectance of radiation from the leaves, their blue-green and red fluorescence, and the chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics. This allowed tracing the development and aging processes in the same leaves. Nest leaves are characterized by short, intense growth and rapid senescence. The study identified four stages of development of the studied leaves related to morphological and anatomical structure and changing photochemical efficiency of PSII. Under the high R/FR ratio, the rate of ontogenesis of the leaf lamina was much slower than under the low R/FR value. As shown, the rapid aging of the leaves was correlated with faster decline of the chlorophyll content. It was shown that leaf senescence was accompanied by accumulation of polyphenols, anthocyanins and carotenoids on the basis of reflectance and fluorescence measurements in the blue-green range.
Tracking an atmospheric river in a warmer climate: from water vapor to economic impacts

Abstract. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) account for more than 75 % of heavy precipitation events and nearly all of the extreme flooding events along the Olympic Mountains and western Cascade Mountains of western Washington state. In a warmer climate, ARs in this region are projected to become more frequent and intense, primarily due to increases in atmospheric water vapor. However, it is unclear how the changes in water vapor transport will affect regional flooding and associated economic impacts. In this work we present an integrated modeling system to quantify the atmospheric–hydrologic–hydraulic and economic impacts of the December 2007 AR event that impacted the Chehalis River basin in western Washington. We use the modeling system to project impacts under a hypothetical scenario in which the same December 2007 event occurs in a warmer climate. This method allows us to incorporate different types of uncertainty, including (a) alternative future radiative forcings, (b) different responses of the climate system to future radiative forcings and (c) different responses of the surface hydrologic system. In the warming scenario, AR integrated vapor transport increases; however, these changes do not translate into generalized increases in precipitation throughout the basin. The changes in precipitation translate into spatially heterogeneous changes in sub-basin runoff and increased streamflow along the entire Chehalis main stem. Economic losses due to stock damages increase moderately, but losses in terms of business interruption are significant. Our integrated modeling tool provides communities in the Chehalis region with a range of possible future physical and economic impacts associated with AR flooding.
A Deblocking Filter for H.264/AVC Applications

H.264/AVC is the newest video coding standard. With many useful tools, H.264 provides better coding efficiency, which means that it provides better image quality at the same coding rate as compared to the previous video coding standard. One of the useful tools is deblocking filter. The coding efficiency is improved and blocking artifacts are removed by the deblocking filter specified in H.264/AVC. In this thesis, we implemented a high throughput deblocking filter with data reuse to achieve the demands on digital TV and wireless communication with high resolution. For the multi-standard decoder, we successfully integrate the deblocking filter in H.264/AVC and post-loop filter. The proposal can save about 30% hardware cost as compared to the total hardware cost of implementations separately. Besides, we use error concealment methods to decrease the influence of video quality caused by the bit-error in video transmission for the applications of real-time video transmission. In the thesis, we proposed an algorithm of error concealment based on the deblocking filter in H.264/AVC and implemented error-concealed deblocking filter. The
Mechanical performance assessment of half warm recycled asphalt mixes containing up to 100 % RAP

The use of Half Warm Mixes with high Reclaimed Asphalt content (HWMRA) has the potential to generate significant environmental advantages such as the reduction in consumption of natural resources and the emission of gases into the atmosphere. This paper therefore focuses on demonstrating the viability of using these types of mixes in wearing courses. For this purpose, an HWMRA with 70 % and 100 % Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and emulsion were designed in the laboratory. The performance of the mixes was then assessed and compared with that of conventional Hot Mix Asphalt. In a second stage, the mixes were manufactured in-plant, and laid and compacted in an Accelerated Pavement Test track. The cores were then extracted and tested for stiffness modulus and resistance to fatigue. The results from the tests conducted with both the laboratory specimens and the cores showed that the performance of HWMRA is comparable to that of HMA. These findings encourage greater confidence in promoting the use of these types of sustainable asphalt mixes.
Nutritional status in relation to oral health status among patients attending dental hospital

Background: Good Nutrition is essential for oral and dental health in children. Good eating habits and food preferences are established early in childhood. Oral health problems can effect dietary quality and nutrient intake in another side increase the risk of several systemic diseases. , The aim of the present study was to investigate the relation or the effect the of nutritional status in children at age of 5 to16 on the oral health status and dental caries . Materials and Methods: the total sample composed of 153 patients attending the Pedodontic and Preventive Department/College of Dentistry/University of Baghdad, the assessment of nutritional status was performed by using Body Mass Index specific for age and gender according to Chronic Disease and Prevention Center (CDC) growth chart (2000). Ramfjord index teeth were applied to assess oral cleanliness and gingival condition, Dental plaque and Gingival health condition was assessed by using plaque index of Silness and Loe(1964),and gingival index of Loe and Silness( 1963), Calculus index assessment was according to Ramfjord criteria (1959). Dental caries measurement was according to World Health Organization criteria (1997). Results: this study showed no significance in the nutritional status (BMI) of children at 5-16 years of age and plaque index, gingival index, and calculus index, as well as the correlation of significant differences was not found between the nutritional status (BMI) and caries experience. Conclusion: this study reflected that the oral hygiene, gingival health and dental caries were not affected by nutritional status of children at age of 5-16years.
Electron beam diagnostics by means of edge radiation

Method for measurement of electron beam divergences and transversal sizes with visible range edge radiation (ER) is discussed. Intensity distribution of the ER generated by an infinitely thin electron beam at two adjacent bending magnet edges in a storage ring represents a system of concentric interference rings. The real beam divergences and transversal sizes smooth off the interference pattern; information on the extent of the smoothing off, being processed numerically, allows to determine the above mentioned beam parameters. Precise computing technique of the ER intensity distribution with regard to finite beam emittance is presented. The results of simulations illustrating the application of the method for 450 MeV electron storage ring Siberia-1 are exhibited. <<ETX>>
Biological characteristics of Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on refrigerated pupae of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Mass rearing of parasitoids is a fundamental step for biological control programs. The biological characteristics of Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were evaluated in pupae of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) stored at low temperatures. Twenty four hours-old pupae of A. gemmatalis were stored at 12 ° C for 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 d and then exposed to parasitism by P. elaeisis females. The life span of P. elaeisis was affected and ranged from 19 to 24 d on the pupae of the host. Parasitism reached 100% of the host pupae after storage in all periods at 12° C, and adults emerged from 20.00 to 54.54% of them. The progeny of P. elaeisis ranged from 71 to 198 and had an inverse relationship with the increase in the storage period. Pupae of A. gemmatalis may be stored for up to 6 d at 12 ° C and subsequently used in rearing of P. elaeisis.
Testing Capacitors’ Hard Defects in Notch SC Filters Using the Oscillation Method

The possibilities for applying the oscillation method to testing Switched Capacitor biquad Notch filter cells with high Quality factor are analyzed in this paper. When applying this method, many surrounding conditions should be met in order to properly test the circuit and to obtain a sustainable and stable oscillations. After solving these problems we have created a fault dictionary that reflects the mapping of hard defects of capacitors into the circuit response. Simulations in LTspice program show that this testing concept is feasible and acceptable for the chosen class of filter cells, especially when we bear in mind all the advantages of the oscillations method.
Weather and travel time of public transport trips: an empirical study for the Netherlands

In the present study we carry out an analysis of speed fluctuations as a determinant of the quality of public transport. We do this by focusing on a special cause of unreliability: variations in weather conditions. We use hourly measured weather conditions. The panel data results imply that snow has a substantial negative effect on the speed public transport. The associated welfare loss is 53 eurocent per commuting trip per person made by train and 76 eurocent per commuting trip per person made by bus, tram and metro. Rain strongly affects the speed of bus, tram and metro commuting trips on congested routes. The associated welfare loss is 1.15 euro per commuting trip per person.
Role of Medication and Background Variables in Dropout from Opiate Withdrawal Treatment - A Retrospective Chart Review

The present study aimed to examine whether retention in inpatient opiate detoxification was affected by the introduction of buprenorphine as a standard medication in opiate withdrawal, compared to older substances, when controlling for previous dropouts from detoxification, age, gender and current aftercare treatment planning. This chart review with a naturalistic design studied all inpatient opiate detoxifications in a detoxification unit during five years. In total, 375 patients with a total of 639 detoxification episodes were studied, with the withdrawal medication prescribed being buprenorphine, clonidine, dextropropoxyphene or methadone. In logistic regression, using buprenorphine as reference, completion of detoxification was unrelated to the choice of medication, but associated with the presence of an aftercare plan upon admission, older age and a lower number of previous dropouts. However, dropouts remained significantly longer until dropout with buprenorphine, compared to clonidine and dextropropoxyphene. While the longer time to dropout suggests a higher effectiveness in withdrawal treatment with buprenorphine, no overall effect was seen on actual dropout rates. Lack of an aftercare plan and previous dropouts may be risk factors of dropout in opiate detoxification.
Comparative evaluation of manual cassava harvesting techniques in Kerala, India

Abstract: In India, cassava is consumed as a secondary staple along with the main staple, rice, and many rural poor consume it as the staple in different forms of preparations. Though harvesting is known to be one of the most difficult and cost - intensive field operation in cassava cultivation, mechanisation of cassava harvesting is still very low in most cassava growing areas of India due to topographic constraints, method s and scale of cultivation. The most viable solution to overcome these constraints is to promote the use of more efficient manual harvesting tools. Thus, the main objective of this study was to field evaluate the efficiency of four manual cassava harvesting techniques under different land preparation methods in terms of field capacity, level of drudgery and root tuber damage or breakage. The study also sought to investigate the effect of cassava agronomic parameters on uprooting force requirement. Field study was carried out at the Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI) research field (under upland mound method) and at Chenkal village on farmers’ fields (under lowland flat method); both in the Kerala state of India. Harvesting was done using the CTCRI lever, prototype harvester, hoe and manual uprooting (control) techniques. Results from the study showed that the use of manual harvesting tools is preferable on relatively dryer soils, whereas manual uprooting technique is best suited for soils with relatively higher moisture contents. However, best efficiency of manual harvesting is achieved when cassava plants are coppiced before harvesting. Also, cassava uprooting force requirement, to a greater extent is influenced by root tuber yield, root depth and number of root tubers per plant, especially under upland mound land preparation method. It is however recommended that a user performance assessment and economic feasibility analysis of the prototype harvester and CTCRI lever be conducted with farmers to facilitate future design modifications, where necessary and to support future adoption. As a design recommendation, the pressure at the fulcrum for both the CTCRI lever and prototype harvester should be reduced to avoid sinking during harvesting in soils with relatively higher moisture contents. Keywords: cassava, field capacity, drudgery, coppiced, efficiency
No evidence for prosodic effects on the syntactic encoding of complement clauses in German

Does linguistic rhythm matter to syntax, and if so, what kinds of syntactic decisions are susceptible to rhythm? By means of two recall-based sentence production experiments and two corpus studies – one on spoken and one on written language – we investigated whether linguistic rhythm affects the choice between introduced and un-introduced complement clauses in German. Apart from the presence or absence of the complementiser dass (‘that’), these two sentence types differ with respect to the position of the tensed verb (verb-final/verb-second). Against our predictions, that were based on previously reported rhythmic effects on the use of the optional complementiser that in English, the experiments fail to obtain compelling evidence for rhythmic/prosodic influences on the structure of complement clauses in German. An overview of pertinent studies showing rhythmic influences on syntactic encoding suggests these effects to be generally restricted to syntactic domains smaller than a clause. We assume that, in the course of language production, initially, clause level syntactic projections are specified; their specification is in fact the prerequisite for phonological encoding to start. Consequently, prosodic effects may only touch upon the lower level categories that are to be integrated into the clausal projection, but not upon the syntactic makeup of the higher order projection itself.
Low-Frequency Variability of the Indian Monsoon–ENSO Relationship and the Tropical Atlantic: The “Weakening” of the 1980s and 1990s

Abstract The Indian monsoon–El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) relationship, according to which a drier than normal monsoon season precedes peak El Nino conditions, weakened significantly during the last two decades of the twentieth century. In this work an ensemble of integrations of an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) coupled to an ocean model in the Indian Basin and forced with observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) elsewhere is used to investigate the causes of such a weakening. The observed interdecadal variability of the ENSO–monsoon relationship during the period 1950–99 is realistically simulated by the model and a dominant portion of the variability is associated with changes in the tropical Atlantic SSTs in boreal summer. In correspondence to ENSO, the tropical Atlantic SSTs display negative anomalies south of the equator in the last quarter of the twentieth century and weakly positive anomalies in the previous period. Those anomalies in turn produce heating anomalies, which excit.
Algebraic Approach to Colombeau Theory

We present a differential algebra of generalized functions over a field of generalized scalars by means of several axioms in terms of general algebra and topology. Our differential algebra is of Colombeau type in the sense that it contains a copy of the space of Schwartz distributions, and the set of regular distributions with $\mathcal C^\infty$-kernels forms a differential subalgebra. We discuss the uniqueness of the field of scalars as well as the consistency and independence of our axioms. This article is written mostly to satisfy the interest of mathematicians and scientists who do not necessarily belong to the \emph{Colombeau community}; that is to say, those who do not necessarily work in the \emph{non-linear theory of generalized functions}.
Analysis of Space-Temporal Symmetry in the Early Embryogenesis of Calla palustris L., Araceae

Plants and animals have highly ordered structure both in time and in space, and one of the main questions of modern developmental biology is the transformation of genetic information into the regular structure of organism. Any multicellular plant begins its development from the uni- versal unicellular state and acquire own species-specific structure in the course of cell divisions, cell growth and death, according to own developmental program. However the cellular mecha- nisms of plant development are still unknown. The aim of this work was to elaborate and verify the formalistic approach, which would allow to describe and analyze the large data of cellular architecture obtained from the real plants and to reveal the cellular mechanisms of their morpho- genesis. Two multicellular embryos of Calla palustris L. (Araceae) was used as a model for the verification of our approach. The cellular architecture of the embryos was reconstructed from the stack of optical and serial sections in three dimensions and described as graphs of genealogy and space adjacency of cells. In result of the comparative analysis of these graphs, a set of regular cell types and highly conservative pattern of cell divisions during five cell generations were found. This mechanism of cellular development of the embryos could be considered as a developmental program, set of rules or grammars applied to the zygote. Also during the comparative analysis the finite plasticity in cell adjacency was described. The structural equivalence and the same morpho- genetic potencies of some cells of the embryos were considered as the space-temporal symmetries. The symmetries were represented as a set of regular cell type permutations in the program of devel- opment of the embryo cellular architecture. Two groups of cell type permutations were revealed, each was composed of two elements and could be interpreted as the mirror and rotational space symmetries. The results obtained as well as the developed approach can be used in plant tissue modelling based on the real, large and complex structural data.
COMPARATIVE DIETS OF ADULT AND YOUNG THREE-TOED WOODPECKERS IN A EUROPEAN ALPINE FOREST COMMUNITY

Abstract We studied year-round food preferences of the three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) from 1994 to 2000 in Berchtesgaden National Park, Germany. We color-banded 52 birds for individual recognition, and we radiomarked 25 adults from this sample. We analyzed 142 feces of 30 adults and 588 feces of 40 nestlings from 15 nests. Additionally, we took samples from 20 trees recently used for foraging in 10 woodpecker territories to estimate local prey availability. Based on relative abundance and relative frequency of food items (i.e., importance value), overall diet composition of adult three-toed woodpeckers was dominated by spiders (Araneidea), larvae of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), and bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). Adults ate longhorn beetle larvae primarily during nesting, while imagines (fully developed adults) and larvae of various bark beetles appeared to be the main food resource outside the nesting season. Nestling diet was dominated by spiders and longhorn beetle larvae that were gathered 247 ± 122 m (x̄ ± SD) from the nest. Our results demonstrated that consumption of bark beetles by three-toed woodpeckers varies throughout the year, being lowest during the nesting season, while longhorn beetle larvae are preferred throughout the year. Securing habitat requirements of both bark and wood-boring beetle communities is a critical step to maintaining viable three-toed woodpecker populations.
Štepnická skala Klippe - unique type of the Czorsztyn Succession (Pieniny Klippen Belt, Western Carpathians)

Stepnicka skala represents a specific klippe of the Czorsztyn Succession (Pieniny Klippen Belt). The specificity of the klippe is prevalence of non-condensed micritic limestones over the condensed, Ammonitico Rosso-type limestones. The stratigraphic succession starts with pink to reddish crinoidal limestone (Krupianka Limestone Formation - Bajocian), which is overlain by nodular limestones of the Ammonitico Rosso facies (Czorsztyn Limestone Formation - Bathonian). Then follows thick Bohunice Formation (Bathonian-Lower Tithonian) which shows large lateral and vertical variability. Therefore this formation was subdivided to new-defined members: Medne Limestone Member ( Bositra coquina - Bathonian-Callovian), micritic/crinoidal Stepnice Limestone Member (Callovian-Lower Oxfordian), micritic Babina Limestone Member (Upper Callovian-Oxfordian), Kockovce Limestone Member (ammonite coquina - Oxfordian) and Saccoccoma Streženice Limestone Member (Kimmeridgian-Lower Tithonian). In the Babina Limestone Member, flat mound with stromatactis-like structures is visible. It was formerly interpreted as true stromatactis mud-mound but it lacks signs of microbial cementation which are typical for stromatactis mud-mounds. Bohunice Formation is overlain by Dursztyn Limestone Formation with very similar facies development (Tithonian-Berriasian).