Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time series of hospitalizations of adolescents due to mental and behavioral disorders.

OBJECTIVE to analyze the trend of hospitalizations of adolescents due to mental and behavioral disorders in Paraná, from 1998 to 2015. METHOD ecological study of time series. Data were analyzed by means of segmented linear regression modeling for time series, estimated for each of the four health macro-regions. RESULTS the East macro-region showed a greater trend to increase hospitalizations from January 1998 to November 2003 (β1=0.006, p<0.001). In other macro-regions, there were similar trends with a sudden increase in February 2010, but with a further gradual decrease until December 2015. In the quadrennium 2012-2015, 38.06% of the hospitalizations lasted 29 or more days, and in the Northwest macro-region, hospitalizations lasted for up to seven days. The main cause of hospitalization was the use of alcohol and other drugs. CONCLUSION there is a need to strengthen health actions to prevent drug use and improvements in the care network.
Knowledge of the care of wounded patients: evidence of validity of an instrument.

OBJECTIVE to present evidence of validity of an instrument aimed at evaluating the knowledge of nursing students about the care of the wounded patient, according to the difficulty and discrimination indexes of the items. METHOD methodological study conducted in a nursing higher education institution with 117 undergraduate students and 38 professionals from a research group with experience in the area of wounds. For data collection, a questionnaire with 10 multiple choice questions was applied before and after classes on wounds. RESULTS most of the questions presented low level of difficulty and inefficient discrimination index, requiring a revision of the instrument. After two review stages, the difficulty and discrimination indexes of the instruments improved. CONCLUSION an instrument with better evidence of validity was obtained. However, it still requires refinement for later revalidation in the same population.
Exploring the determinants of distress health financing in Cambodia

Abstract Borrowing is a common coping strategy for households to meet healthcare costs in countries where social health protection is limited or non-existent. Borrowing with interest, hereinafter termed distress health financing or distress financing, can push households into heavy indebtedness and exacerbate the financial consequences of healthcare costs. We investigated distress health financing practices and associated factors among Cambodian households, using primary data from a nationally representative household survey of 5000 households. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with distress health financing. Results showed that 28.1% of households consuming healthcare borrowed to pay for that healthcare with 55% of these subjected to distress financing. The median loan was US$125 (US$200 for loans with interest and US$75 for loans without interest). Approximately 50.6% of healthcare-related loans were to pay for the costs of outpatient care in the past month, 45.8% for inpatient care and 3.6% for preventive care in the past 12 months. While the average period to pay off the loan was 8 months, 78% of households were still indebted from loans taken over 12 months before the survey. Distress financing is strongly associated with household poverty—the poorer the household the more likely it is to borrow, fall into debt and unable to pay off the debt—even for members of the health equity funds, a national scheme designed to improve financial access to health services for the poor. Other determinants of distress financing were household size, use of inpatient care and outpatient consultations with private providers or with both private and public providers. In order to ensure effective financial risk protection, Cambodia should establish a more comprehensive and effective social health protection scheme that provides maximum population coverage and prioritizes services for populations at risk of distress financing, especially poorer and larger households.
Bayesian Estimation of Human Impedance and Motion Intention for Human–Robot Collaboration

This article proposes a Bayesian method to acquire the estimation of human impedance and motion intention in a human–robot collaborative task. Combining with the prior knowledge of human stiffness, estimated stiffness obeying Gaussian distribution is obtained by Bayesian estimation, and human motion intention can be also estimated. An adaptive impedance control strategy is employed to track a target impedance model and neural networks are used to compensate for uncertainties in robotic dynamics. Comparative simulation results are carried out to verify the effectiveness of estimation method and emphasize the advantages of the proposed control strategy. The experiment, performed on Baxter robot platform, illustrates a good system performance.
Taking antihypertensives at bedtime nearly halves cardiovascular deaths when compared with morning dosing, study finds

Taking antihypertensive medicine at bedtime is associated with improved blood pressure control and a near halving of cardiovascular deaths and events when compared with morning dosing, a study of nearly 20 000 hypertensive patients in primary care has shown.1 “Current guidelines on the treatment of hypertension do not mention or recommend any preferred treatment time,” said Ramon Hermida, lead author of the study and director of the bioengineering and chronobiology labs at the University of Vigo in Spain. “Morning ingestion has been the most common recommendation by physicians based on the misleading goal of reducing morning blood pressure levels. ” But he noted, “The results of this study show that patients who routinely take their antihypertensive medication at bedtime, as opposed to when they wake up, have better controlled blood pressure and, most importantly, a …
Dual role of cofilin in APP trafficking and amyloid‐β clearance

The accumulation of amyloid‐β (Aβ) plays a pivotal early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the brain, neurons produce Aβ by the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) through the endocytic pathway, whereas microglia mediate Aβ clearance also via endocytic mechanisms. Previous studies have shown the critical importance of cofilin, a filamentous actin‐severing protein, in actin dynamics and pathogen‐triggered endocytic processes. Moreover, the binding of Aβ42 oligomers to β1‐integrin triggers the cofilin activation, and in turn, cofilin promotes the internalization of surface β1‐integrin. However, a role for cofilin in APP processing and Aβ metabolism has not been investigated. In this study, we found that knockdown of cofilin in Chinese hamster ovary 7WD10 cells and primary neurons significantly reduces Aβ production by increasing surface APP (sAPP) levels. Expression of active (S3A) but not inactive (S3E) cofilin reduces sAPP levels by enhancing APP endocytosis. Accordingly, Aβ deposition in APP and presenilin 1 (PS1) transgenic mice is significantly reduced by genetic reduction of cofilin (APP/PS1;cofilin+/‐). However, the reduction of Aβ load in APP/PS1;cofilin+/‐ mice is paradoxically associated with significantly increased ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule 1‐positive microglial activation surrounding Aβ deposits. Primary microglia isolated from cofilin+/‐ mice demonstrate significantly enhanced state of activation and greater ability to uptake and clear Aβ42, which is reversed with the active (S3A) but not inactive (S3E) form of cofilin. These results taken together indicate a significant role for cofilin in Aβ accumulation via dual and opposing endocytic mechanisms of promoting Aβ production in neurons and inhibiting Aβ clearance in microglia. —Liu, T. , Woo, J.‐A. A. , Yan, Y. , LePochat, P., Bukhari, M. Z. , Kang, D. E. Dual role of cofilin in APP trafficking and amyloid‐β clearance. FASEB J. 33, 14234‐14247 (2019). www.fasebj. org
Belief in a Just World and Employee Voice Behavior: The Mediating Roles of Perceived Efficacy and Risk

Abstract In this research, we hypothesized that employees’ belief in a just world (BJW) would be positively related to their voice behavior, i.e., the expression of ideas or opinions with the intention of engendering organizational improvement or change, and that this relation would be mediated by perceived voice efficacy and perceived voice risk. To test these hypotheses, we collected self-reported data from employees in two different countries: China (N = 313) and Germany (N = 190). The results revealed a positive association between BJW and employee voice behavior in both samples. The two-mediator model was confirmed in the Chinese sample, while only perceived voice efficacy played a mediating role in the German sample. Possible reasons for these differences may be related to differences in cultural dimensions and education levels between the samples. The findings emphasize the importance of bolstering employees’ belief in justice and the organizational climate, which influence perceived voice efficacy and risk, as means to increase organizational voice behavior.
Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing

Succeed in your course and prepare for effective practice with Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: 6th Edition. Focused throughout on helping you develop the skills and knowledge you ll need on the job, this practical book explores the full psychiatric nursing curriculum and gives you opportunities to practice specific nursing interventions, build therapeutic communication skills, and apply content within the framework of the nursing process. A study guide built into every chapter helps you master key concepts and build critical reasoning skills. Identify major disorders through "clinical vignettes" that paint a picture of the disorder in action. Prepare for effective practice with "Best Practice "boxes. Increase your clinical decision-making skills with "the Psych Nursing Online Video Series" that shows realistic patient scenarios, and then asks you to make decisions and answer questions. Learn what to look for in your clients through non-judgmental, cartoon-like illustrations that depict disorders. Master key concepts and skills through "Critical Thinking questions, Chapter Reviews," and a "built-in chapter Study Guide" that provides workbook-style fill-in, short-answer, and NCLEX-style questions that test knowledge and understanding. Answers appear at the back of the book. Enhance your personal and professional development through chapter-ending "Self-Awareness" features that encourage you to reflect on yourself, your emotions, and your attitudes. Build skills in culturally sensitive practice through "Cultural Considerations" sections. Enhance your therapeutic communication skills through "Therapeutic Communication Dialogues," which are set off with an icon and give specific examples of nurse-client interactions. Strengthen your role as an educator through "Client/Family Education boxes. ""
Hematological Profile in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Background: Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in India. There is a paucity of literature in the hematological changes associated with tuberculosis, though tuberculosis is a common condition. Objective: To evaluate the hematological parameters in pulmonary tuberculosis patients who are positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli in sputum. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients of fresh pulmonary tuberculosis with sputum positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB) were included and AIDS patients, disseminated tuberculosis and patients receiving ATT drugs were excluded in this study. The various hematological parameters were studied by means of hemogram by automated cell counter and peripheral smear examination. Results: Anemia was seen in 74% of patients. In spite of the infection, 71 patients had a normal leukocyte count. Leucocytosis as a response to infection was observed in 26 patients. Three patients had leucopenia. Thrombocytosis was observed in 24 patients while thrombocytopenia was observed in 9 patients. 99% patients had increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Two patients had pancytopenia. Conclusion: Variety of hematological abnormalities has been demonstrated in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the present study. While many of them are consistent with reported literature and reinforce the fact that they can be valuable tools in monitoring pulmonary tuberculosis such as anemia and increased ESR. Other findings such as thrombocytosis and pancytopenia suggest the need for further studied in this field.
The ongoing D-lemma of vitamin D supplementation for nonskeletal health and bone health.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to give some perspective on the results and conclusions of three recent randomized controlled vitamin D intervention studies that have challenged the health benefit of vitamin D supplementation for reducing risk for cardiovascular disease, cancer, all-cause mortality and type 2 diabetes and improving bone health. RECENT FINDINGS Vitamin D supplementation to adults who were vitamin D sufficient or insufficient did not reduce risk for developing cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes nor increases bone mineral density (BMD). Patients who were vitamin D deficient with cancer and received vitamin D reduced risk for mortality by 25% and prediabetic adults who were vitamin D deficient and received vitamin D reduced their risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 62%. Older adults receiving 4000 and 10 000 IUs of vitamin D3 daily for 3 years had reduced radial BMD but had no change in either total hip areal bone density or bone strength in the radius and tibia. SUMMARY Caution is needed when evaluating results and conclusions from randomized controlled trials that investigate health benefits of vitamin D; most studies suggest health benefits when vitamin D supplementation is provided to vitamin D deficient populations and little benefit when given to populations that are vitamin D sufficient/insufficient.
Association between socioeconomic status and diet quality in Mexican men and women: A cross-sectional study

Examining the potential differences in diet quality among socioeconomic status (SES) subgroups in Mexican adults may help to explain SES disparities in the burden of non-communicable diseases. We determined the association between SES, gender and diet quality among Mexican adults. We analyzed data from adults participating in the subsample with dietary information from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 (n = 2,400), and developed the Mexican Diet Quality Index based on the Mexican Dietary Guidelines. We tested the interaction between sex and SES indicators using multivariable linear regression models. Sex was not a modifier; therefore, the analyses were carried out in the overall sample of men and women. The mean age was 42 (SE = 0.4) years, the total diet quality score was 38 (SE = 0.4), and a high percentage of men and women were classified with reading/writing skills or 3–9 years of school. A higher percentage of adults were classified with high versus medium or low assets index. In the multivariable model further adjusted for the assets index, for adults with education in the reading and/or 3–9 years of schooling and those with ≥10 years of school, there was a 3.7 and 5.8 points lower total diet quality score than with adults with no reading/writing skills (p < 0.05). Likewise, in multivariable model further adjusted for educational level, the total diet quality score was 2.5 points and 3.3 points lower in adults classified with medium and high assets index, respectively, versus low assets index (p < 0.05). The difference between individuals with medium and high assets index was not statistically significant. Although there is currently better diet quality among adults with low SES, this needs to continue to be monitored as Mexico progress through the nutrition transition.
Correlation of Stool Frequency and Abdominal Pain Measures With Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease.

BACKGROUND The Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) has been criticized for being weakly correlated with bowel inflammation. We assessed correlation between Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD) and individual CDAI items stratified by disease location to better understand this relationship. METHODS We pooled patient-level data from 3 placebo-controlled Crohn's disease (CD) trials that tested adalimumab, upadacitinib, and risankizumab. Disease location was defined as ileum only, colon only, or ileocolonic based upon colonoscopy at study entry. Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression assessed correlations between items of the CDAI and SES-CD. RESULTS A total of 353 patients were included (20.7% ileal, 30.6% colonic, 48.7% ileocolonic disease). Crohn's Disease Activity Index and SES-CD scores were moderately correlated (R = 0.33; P < 0.001). Among CDAI items, the strongest correlations with SES-CD were seen with very soft or liquid stool frequency (SF) and patient-reported outcome 2 (PRO2; which includes SF and abdominal pain score; both R = 0.36; P < 0.001); these correlations were numerically stronger in colonic disease (SF: R = 0.46; P < 0.001; PRO2: R = 0.44; P < 0.001) than in ileal disease (SF: R = 0.14; P = 0.23; PRO2: R = 0.21; P = 0.07), although a test for interaction was not significant. In adjusted linear regression models, the proportion of mucosa that was inflamed and the proportion of mucosa with ulceration were positively correlated, whereas the presence of strictures was inversely correlated with SF. CONCLUSIONS The SF item of the CDAI is moderately correlated with SES-CD and independently correlated with mucosal ulceration, inflammation, and strictures. Understanding why bowel inflammation as measured endoscopically does not correlate more strongly with patients' symptoms could help develop scales that link CD pathology to patient experience.
Association of Medicaid expansion with health insurance coverage by marital status and sex

Objective To determine the association of Medicaid expansion with health insurance coverage by marital status and sex. Methods A population-based, quasi-experimental policy analysis was undertaken of the implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act’s (ACA) Medicaid expansion provision on or after January 1, 2014. The 2010–16 American Community Survey provided data on 3,874,432 Medicaid-eligible adults aged 19–64 with incomes up to 138% of the federal poverty level. The outcome measures were no health insurance coverage and Medicaid coverage. The predictor variables were marital status and sex, with controls for family size, poverty status, race/ethnicity, education, employment status, immigration status, and metropolitan residence. Results In 2016, the uninsured rate for married men and women in a Medicaid expansion state was 21.2% and 17.1%, respectively, compared to 37.4% for married men and 35.8% for married women in a non-expansion state. The Medicaid coverage rate grew between 14.8% to 19.3% in Medicaid expansion states, which contrasts with less than a 5% growth in non-expansion states. Triple differences analysis suggests that, for women of all age groups, Medicaid expansion resulted in a 1.6 percentage point lower uninsured rate for married women compared to unmarried women. For men, there was not a statistically significant difference in the uninsured rate for married compared to unmarried men. For women of all age groups, there was a 2.6 percentage point higher Medicaid coverage rate for married compared to unmarried women. For men, there was a 1.8 percentage point higher Medicaid coverage rate for married compared to unmarried men. Conclusion Medicaid expansion under the ACA differentially lowered uninsurance and improved Medicaid coverage for married persons, especially married women, more than unmarried persons.
Technical Quality of Rheumatoid Arthritis Care: the Patient Perspective

Background: In relation to technical quality (TQ) guidelines introduce guidelines for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis and define a minimal standard of care that can be used to assess health care quality for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This study aimed to assess technical quality for people with rheumatoid arthritis from the patients’ perspective Methods: : A cross-sectional study was conducted with 172 people with rheumatoid arthritis who were received care from specialist clinics of Isfahan University of medical sciences in 2013. Technical Quality was measured using questionnaire. The questionnaire set based on issued guidelines internationally which considered as proxy measure of technical quality. Validity of the study questionnaire was reviewed by 8 experts and its reliability was confirmed according to Cronbach's alpha index (α=0.766), based on a pilot study by participate of 30 patients. Data analyzed using the SPSS-17 statistical package. Results: Technical Quality scores for people with rheumatoid arthritis from the patient perspective were 65.29. Technical quality had significant relationship with age (technical quality improved by increasing age) (P= 0.012) and patients with complications reported higher TQ score than who haven’t complications (P<0.001). Also Para-clinic examinations with mean 80%, highest and lifestyle education with mean 41.37% were lowest. Conclusion: According to study findings, overall technical quality for people with rheumatoid arthritis from the patient perspective in Isfahan city was relatively low. The study suggest that there are considerable opportunities to improve RA care, particularly for lifestyle education , clinical care and services by paying more attention to assistive devices, nutritional program, physiotherapy program and need for referral to orthopedic surgery.
The presence, characteristics and correlates of pathological social withdrawal in Taiwan: An online survey

Objectives: Pathological social withdrawal (PSW) has become a public health concern, especially in Asia. However, few studies have investigated the presence of PSW and its characteristics in Taiwan. In this study, we aimed to discover whether individuals in Taiwan display PSW behaviours, the demographic characteristics and psychiatric history of those meeting criteria for PSW and the associated psychological risks. Methods: An online self-report survey collected participants’ demographic characteristics, social behaviours and their psychiatric history, along with information on adherence to cultural norms and mental health. Results: Among 1,046 valid respondents, 9% reported behaviours consistent with PSW for at least 6 months, commensurate with other online surveys in Asian countries. Around 20% of these also reported current or past psychiatric disorders, although this was lower than previous findings (50%–80%). Participants with PSW reported poorer mental health and lower confidence in social/academic/work skills than unaffected participants. Conclusion: This study identified for the first time the presence of PSW in Taiwan. Except the lower rates of psychiatric comorbidity (which could be explained by sociocultural factors and sampling methods), data were consistent with previous findings. We also extended our understanding of possible psychological risk factors associated with this pathological condition.
Pinning Stabilization of Boolean Control Networks via a Minimum Number of Controllers

The stabilization problem of Boolean control networks (BCNs) under pinning control is investigated in this article, and the set of pinned nodes is minimized. A BCN is a Boolean network with Boolean control inputs in it. When the given BCNs cannot realize stabilization under existing Boolean control inputs, pinning control strategy is introduced to make the BCNs achieve stabilization. The Warshall algorithm is introduced to verify the stabilizability of BCNs, then novel computational feasible algorithms are developed to design the minimum number pinning controller for the system. By using our method, the minimum set of pinned nodes can be found with relatively low computational complexity. Finally, the theoretical result is validated using a biological example.