Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adenine Nucleotide Metabolism in Hearts of Diabetic Rats: Comparison to Diaphragm, Liver, and Kidney

High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of acid-extracted tissues revealed decreases of high-energy nucleotides and increases in low-energy nucleotides and metabolites in heart, diaphragm, and liver but not in kidneys of diabetic rats. In comparison with nondiabetic rats, the total adenine nucleotide content of diabetic rat heart and diaphragm but not liver decreased, indicating an increase in catabolism of AMP. Maximal initial rates of the AMP catabolic enzymes 5′-nucleotidase, adenosine deaminase, and AMP deaminase were elevated in the hearts of BB/Wistar and streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Nucleotide salvage enzymes adenylosuccinate synthetase and adenylosuccinate lyase were elevated above normal in the diabetic heart, whereas hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase was not altered. Cytosolic-to-mitochondrial ratios from maximal initial rates after correction for mitochondrial breakage were increased above controls in diabetic hearts for nucleoside diphosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase. Nucleotide levels, degradation rates, and substrate compartmentation between cytosol and mitochondria are discussed in relation to concurrent diabetes.
Vacata‐ and divacataporphyrin: New photosensitizers for application in photodynamic therapy—an in vitro study

The photodynamic therapy is a well‐known method of treatment of both malignant tumors and non‐tumor lesions in human patients. In the present study, we aimed at evaluating the in vitro efficacy of the new photosensitizing agents, vacataporphyrin (VP), and divacataporphyrin (DVP).
Antibody Prophylaxis and Therapy against West NileVirus Infection in Wild-Type and ImmunodeficientMice

ABSTRACT West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus that causes encephalitis in a subset of susceptible humans. Current treatment for WNV infections is supportive, and no specific therapy or vaccine is available. In this study, we directly tested the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of polyclonal antibodies against WNV. Passive administration of human gamma globulin or mouse serum prior to WNV infection protected congenic wild-type, B-cell-deficient (μMT), and T- and B-cell-deficient (RAG1) C57BL/6J mice. Notably, no increased mortality due to immune enhancement was observed. Although immune antibody completely prevented morbidity and mortality in wild-type mice, its effect was not durable in immunocompromised mice: many μMT and RAG1 mice eventually succumbed to infection. Thus, antibody by itself did not completely eliminate viral reservoirs in host tissues, consistent with an intact cellular immune response being required for viral clearance. In therapeutic postexposure studies, human gamma globulin partially protected against WNV-induced mortality. In μMT mice, therapy had to be initiated within 2 days of infection to gain a survival benefit, whereas in the wild-type mice, therapy even 5 days after infection reduced mortality. This time point is significant because between days 4 and 5, WNV was detected in the brains of infected mice. Thus, passive transfer of immune antibody improves clinical outcome even after WNV has disseminated into the central nervous system.
Preliminary Findings: Neural Responses to Feedback Regarding Betrayal and Cooperation in Adolescent Anxiety Disorders

We compared neural and behavioral responses to feedback received during interpersonal interactions within the Prisoner's Dilemma game between adolescents with anxiety disorders (n = 12) and healthy peers (n = 17). Groups differed significantly in neural activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), precuneus, insula, and temporoparietal junction (TPJ). Anxious adolescents were also more likely than controls to cooperate after co-player betrayal. Our findings provide evidence that social behavior and related neural activity differs between anxious and healthy adolescents. These findings constitute a step toward elucidating neural correlates of social impairment in anxious youths.
Do rearing system and free-range stocking density affect meat quality of chickens fed feed mixture with rapeseed oil?

Skřivanová V. , Tůmová E. , Englmaierová M. , Chodová D. , Skřivan M. (2017): Do rearing system and freerange stocking density affect meat quality of chickens fed feed mixture with rapeseed oil? Czech J. Anim. Sci., 62, 141−149. Recently, consumers have paid an attention to animal-friendly meat. The aim of the study was to evaluate the meat quality of breast muscles in indoor and free-range chickens with respect to the stocking density of outdoor chickens (8.3 or 4.15 birds per m2) fed feed with rapeseed oil. The free-range chickens reached 96 and 97% of the final live weight of the indoor chickens and their feed : gain ratio was by 7 and 9% higher. The pasture intake had a small effect on the breast meat quality and was presumably associated with rapeseed oil in the basal diet which strongly influenced meat monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid content and reduced the effect of pasture. The free-range system and lower stocking density led to an increase in muscle fibre cross-sectional area and diameter and a higher meat shear force (P = 0.003). Concerning the meat sensory properties, the total acceptability of the meat of free-range chickens with a lower stocking density was found to be lower compared with the other groups. Results indicate a minor effect of the rearing system and free-range stocking density on chicken meat quality, and also that meat quality in experiments with free-range housing can be affected by a fat source in basal diet.
Clinical analysis of chronic peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis in children.

In most countries, chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the preferred dialysis mode for children and adolescents below the age of 15 years with end-stage renal disease. PD-related peritonitis is a serious complication that has a great impact on uremic patients'outcome. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of a total of 22 uremic children who underwent chronic peritoneal dialysis. The total peritonitis rate in our study was one episode every 23.7 patient-months, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of peritonitis between children with automated peritoneal dialysis and those with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (p=0.219). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common causative organism, accounting for 13.3% of the episodes of peritonitis. The combination therapy of vancomycin plus ceftazidime is effective for common pathogens in peritonitis. Rare microorganisms, e. g. , fungus and mycobacterium, should be taken into consideration when the response to initial treatment is poor. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent sequelae and mortality.
Bleeding Incidence With Concomitant Use of Antidepressants and Warfarin

Introduction: Bleeding is the major complication associated with warfarin therapy. Some antidepressants are also associated with increased bleeding risk. Warfarin and antidepressants are used frequently in combination, but it is unclear whether concomitant use increases the risk of bleeding beyond that with warfarin alone. The primary goal of this study was to determine whether the use of warfarin and an antidepressant increases the risk for bleeding outcomes compared with the use of warfarin alone. The secondary goal was to characterize the risk of bleeding in warfarin-treated patients taking one specific class of antidepressant, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center, study of warfarin-treated patients prescribed (n = 46) and not prescribed (n = 54) an antidepressant. Medical records over 6 months were reviewed for international normalized ratio values, medical history, bleeding type and incidence, and hospitalization due to bleeding. Patients were included in the antidepressant group if they were taking concomitant warfarin and antidepressant therapy consistently for a period of 6 months and in the control group if they were not taking an antidepressant with warfarin. Results: The use of any antidepressant with warfarin was not associated with the incidence of any bleeding or major bleeding during the 6-month period. However, the use of an SSRI with warfarin was associated with an increase in any bleeding event (odds ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval, 1.01-6.4 P = 0.04). The use of an SSRI remained a significant predictor of bleeding after accounting for other factors associated with bleeding risk. Conclusions: Based on these data, it is important to clarify the interaction between warfarin and SSRIs in regard to bleeding risk given the high frequency of their concomitant use.
Bradykinin stimulates cAMP synthesis via mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent regulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and prostaglandin E2 release in airway smooth muscle.

Bradykinin stimulates cAMP synthesis in cultured airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. This occurs via a pathway that involves: (1) the protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); (2) the MAPK-dependent phosphorylation and activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and (3) the utilization of cPLA2-derived arachidonate by the cyclo-oxygenase pathway to produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 is released and binds to cell surface receptors to stimulate intracellular cAMP synthesis. The signalling pathway was confirmed by the use of PD098059 [the inhibitor of MAPK kinase-1 (MEK-1) activation], AACOCF3 (an inhibitor of cPLA2) and indomethacin (an inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase), which all reduced bradykinin-stimulated cAMP synthesis. Bradykinin also elicits the inhibition of approx. 60% of the total cAMP phosphodiesterase activity in the cell [Stevens, Pyne, Grady and Pyne (1994) Biochem. J. 297, 233-239]. This is likely to decrease the rate of cAMP degradation markedly and therefore to potentiate PGE2-stimulated cAMP synthesis. Acute treatment of ASM cells with PMA (a direct activator of PKC) also stimulated the MAPK-dependent phosphorylation of cPLA2. However, in contrast with bradykinin, PMA did not stimulate arachidonate release, suggesting that additional signals (e.g. Ca2+ ions) are required for phosphorylation by MAPK to activate cPLA2. PMA was also without effect on PGE2 release and cAMP synthesis. Evidence that PKC can also directly regulate adenylate cyclase was obtained by using cells pretreated with cholera toxin. Under these conditions, PMA stimulated cAMP synthesis independently of arachidonate metabolites. Furthermore the combined treatment of cells with PMA (to activate PKC) and PGE2 (to activate Gs) stimulated synergistic cAMP synthesis. This might be due to the presence of the type 2 adenylate cyclase, which is synergistically activated by Gs and PKC.
Potential Emotional and Cognitive Disorders Associated with Exposure to EMFs

1. Published studies have found neither a consistent association nor a simple dose-response relationship between exposure to EMFs and emotional and cognitive responses. 2. The inconsistency in results and lack of a simple dose-response relationship suggest that the potential association between EMFs and cognitive and emotional responses is complex, possibly restricted to specific exposure frequencies and intensities and confounded by exposure to other stressors. 3. Further work to examine the association between EMFs and cognitive and emotional responses by specific electromagnetic frequencies and intensities in the context of known sources of stress is indicated.
Typhoid Fever in Italy, 2000-2006.

BACKGROUND Typhoid fever remains endemic in the Apulia region of southern Italy. Here we investigate why this occurs despite increasing levels of environmental public health measures. METHOD We collected morbidity data for typhoid fever in the Puglia region of Italy in the years 2000 to 2006 from the national mandatory surveillance system for infectious disease. RESULTS In the last six years the rate of notified cases reduced substantially from approximately 1.1 per 100,000 in 2000 to 0.4 per 100,000 in 2006. Higher rates were observed in the Puglia region when compared to the national rates. DISCUSSION A reduction in the number of cases and chronic carriers occurred alongside improvements in environmental and public health measures. In particular, in recent years, the improvement in the depuration of raw fish and the elimination of sewage discharge into the sea seem to have led to a sharp decline in the incidence of typhoid fever in southern Italy.
Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Leverage, Arus Kas Operasi dan Return Saham Syariah pada Perusahaan Jakarta Islamic Index

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze and believe the factors that affect the return of sharia in the Jakarta Islamic Index. The sample of research is 29 companies with data from 2009-2015. Data analysis using multiple regression analysis. The results showed, liquidity and leverage is not significant significant to the return of sharia stocks. Operating cash flows are significant and positive against Sharia share returns. An interesting finding in this research is the role of operating cash flow as a determinant of stock returns. Future research can be proven the role of cash flow and other financial performance as a determinant of stock returns. A B S T R A K Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menguji secara empiris mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi return saham syariah di Jakarta Islamic Index. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 29 perusahaan dengan data tahun 2009-2015. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas. likuiditas dan leverage tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham syariah. Arus kas operasi berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap return saham syariah. Temuan menarik dalam penelitian ini adalah peran arus kas operasi sebagai penentu return saham. Penelitian mendatang dapat dibuktikan peran arus kas investasi dan pendanaan serta kinerja keuangan lainnya sebagai penentu return saham.
MADS goes genomic in conifers: towards determining the ancestral set of MADS-box genes in seed plants.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS MADS-box genes comprise a gene family coding for transcription factors. This gene family expanded greatly during land plant evolution such that the number of MADS-box genes ranges from one or two in green algae to around 100 in angiosperms. Given the crucial functions of MADS-box genes for nearly all aspects of plant development, the expansion of this gene family probably contributed to the increasing complexity of plants. However, the expansion of MADS-box genes during one important step of land plant evolution, namely the origin of seed plants, remains poorly understood due to the previous lack of whole-genome data for gymnosperms. METHODS The newly available genome sequences of Picea abies, Picea glauca and Pinus taeda were used to identify the complete set of MADS-box genes in these conifers. In addition, MADS-box genes were identified in the growing number of transcriptomes available for gymnosperms. With these datasets, phylogenies were constructed to determine the ancestral set of MADS-box genes of seed plants and to infer the ancestral functions of these genes. KEY RESULTS Type I MADS-box genes are under-represented in gymnosperms and only a minimum of two Type I MADS-box genes have been present in the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of seed plants. In contrast, a large number of Type II MADS-box genes were found in gymnosperms. The MRCA of extant seed plants probably possessed at least 11-14 Type II MADS-box genes. In gymnosperms two duplications of Type II MADS-box genes were found, such that the MRCA of extant gymnosperms had at least 14-16 Type II MADS-box genes. CONCLUSIONS The implied ancestral set of MADS-box genes for seed plants shows simplicity for Type I MADS-box genes and remarkable complexity for Type II MADS-box genes in terms of phylogeny and putative functions. The analysis of transcriptome data reveals that gymnosperm MADS-box genes are expressed in a great variety of tissues, indicating diverse roles of MADS-box genes for the development of gymnosperms. This study is the first that provides a comprehensive overview of MADS-box genes in conifers and thus will provide a framework for future work on MADS-box genes in seed plants.
On the nature of the hard X-ray sources SWIFT J1907.3−2050, IGR J12123−5802 and IGR J19552+0044

The INTEGRAL and Swift hard X-ray surveys have identified a large number of new sources, among which many are proposed as Cataclysmic Variables (CVs). Here we present the first detailed study of three X-ray selected CVs, Swift J1907.3-2050, IGRJ12123-5802, and IGRJ19552+0044 based on XMM-Newton, Suzaku, Swift observations and ground based optical and archival near-infrared/infrared data. Swift J1907.3-2050 is highly variable from hours to months-years at all wavelengths. No coherent X-ray pulses are detected but rather transient features. The X-ray spectrum reveals a multi-temperature optically thin plasma absorbed by complex neutral material and a soft black body component arising from a small area. These characteristics are remarkably similar to those observed in magnetic CVs. A supra-solar abundance of nitrogen could arise from nuclear processed material from the donor star. Swift J1907.3-2050 could be a peculiar magnetic CV with the second longest (20.82 hours) binary period. IGRJ12123-5802 is variable in the X-rays on a timescale of greater than or approximately 7.6 hours. No coherent pulsations are detected, but its spectral characteristics suggest that it could be a magnetic CV of the Intermediate Polar (IP) type. IGRJ19552+0044 shows two X-ray periods, approximately 1.38 hours and approximately 1.69 hours and a X-ray spectrum characterized by a multi-temperature plasma with little absorption. We derive a low accretion rate, consistent with a CV below the orbital period gap. Its peculiar near-infrared/infrared spectrum suggests a contribution from cyclotron emission. It could either be a pre-polar or an IP with the lowest degree of asynchronism.
Relative risk of death from exposure to air pollutants: a short-term (2003–2007) study in Mexicali, Baja California, México

Studies have shown associations between respiratory diseases and air pollutants in Mexicali, México; however, none have addressed relative risk (RR) of death. By using Poisson regression models, we quantified the RR by exposure for: particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) over a 5-year period and by climate (winter or summer). RRs were estimated utilizing each pollutant (single-pollutant model) on the same day as pollutant concentration were measured (lag 0) and up to 7 days later to the pollutant measurements (lag 7). Significant associations were found in RRs for one interquartile range increment of the corresponding pollutant, such as: PM2.5 lagged 5 days in winter and for the 5-year period (RR, 1.041 and 1.028, respectively); CO lagged 1 day in winter and for the 5-year period (RR, 1.044 and 1.032, respectively); NO2 on the current day (lag 0) in summer (RR = 1.037); and SO2 lagged one day for the 5-year period (RR = 1.023).
Absenteeism and the Effectiveness of Absence Management and Health Policies: The Case of an Icelandic Hotel Chain

The intention of this study is to explore the level of awareness, knowledge, understanding and perceptions of recently implemented health and attendance policies amongst the employees of an Icelandic hotel chain and how it affects absenteeism. The effects of other variables, such as age, gender, family responsibilities, stress levels and psychosocial factors at work, were tested simultaneously, to try to understand the relationship between individual decision making and absenteeism. A quantitative research method was used to conduct an online survey with 32 questions for the employees of the hotel chain. The responses were coded and then analysed through descriptive analysis. The results from the case study show that there seems to be a trend among the employees towards having fewer absences after the implementation of the policies. However, even though awareness of the policies is high, knowledge and understanding of their contents are lacking to a great extent. As for causes, illness was the mostly claimed reason for absenteeism, but stress was the second most highly cited reason for short-term absences and the number one cause of long-term absences. The results show that stress levels of employees are related to distorted psychosocial factors at work and an imbalance between their work and private lives. The main conclusion of this thesis, therefore, lays grounds for further investigation on the working environment of employees in the hospitality industry and what organizations can do to reduce the stressors that lead to absenteeism. Training employees in all aspects of their policies and facilitating programs for work-life balance is believed to be the key for reducing absenteeism at this particular organization and will lead to more profitability.
Substantiation as a Multitier Process: The Results of a NIS-3 Analysis

Background: Previous studies on child maltreatment reporting have focused mainly on one level of substantiation. This article analyzes factors influencing the multitiered substantiation process. Method: The 1993 Third National Incidence Study (NIS-3) data of substantiated and non-substantiated reported incidents (N=7,263) of maltreatment were analyzed. Substantiation was classified into three categories: unfounded, indicated, and founded. Independent variables included demographic characteristics, case-processing variables, and maltreatment characteristics. Data analysis: Bivariate and multiple logistic regression (MLR) analyses were calculated to determine whether demographic and case processing variables predicted unfounded or founded/indicated dispositions. Second-level analysis examined demographic, case processing, and maltreatment characteristics as predictors of founded or indicated status. Results: These results showed that 60.2% of CPS investigations conducted were evaluated as unfounded, about 22% were categorized as founded, and 17% were classified as indicated. In the MLR analysis for the first level of substantiation, case processing variables were highly significant predictors of founded/indicated status. In the second-level substantiation MLR model, cases in the mid-range income level ($15,000-29,999) had a lower probability (adjusted OR = .58, p = .02) of being founded than those of less than $15,000, and reports involving Hispanic children (OR = 3.04, p = .05) were more likely than the “all other” race-ethnic social classification to have been substantiated as founded. Conclusions: This analysis of NIS-3 data suggests that a three-tiered rather than a two-tiered system is a more accurate representation of the CPS substantiation process. Further analysis of substantiation patterns is required to provide a basis for developing more effective investigation systems.
Could Empathy Be a Predictor of Hypnotic Ability?

This study examined whether trait empathy is related to hypnotic ability and absorption. Sixty-four graduate students and mental health professionals completed the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A; the Davis Interpersonal Reactivity Index; and the Tellegen Absorption Scale as measures of hypnotic ability, empathy, and absorption. Correlation analysis determined that statistically significant relationships exist between empathy and hypnotic ability (r = .41); empathy and absorption (r = .43); and absorption and hypnotic ability (r = .31). The results also indicate that empathy and absorption are both predictors of hypnotic ability, although absorption does not appear to contribute a statistically significant amount of the explained variance in hypnotizability that is independent of empathy. Itmaybe that the conceptual ground shared by both empathy and absorption is what predicts hypnotic ability.