Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Greenland ice sheet-a model for its culmination and decay during and after the last glacial maximum

Ice margin reconstructions of the Greenland ice sheet during LGM (c. 21-16 ka) and 10 ka are based on published onshore field evidence supplemented with recent studies on the East Greenland shelf and results of current field work in the Scoresby Sund area Additional evidence comes from the pattern of Holocene uplift and the frequency distribution of more than 1000 C-dates. During LGM, only southern Greenland (south of lat. 69°-72°N) saw a major expansion of the ice sheet with thick cover over the present coastline and onto the shelf. In the north, outlet glaciers filled fjord basins, including the Nares Strait between Canada and Greenland, and piedmont glaciers descended from coastal mountains onto the coastline, but the glaciers did not cover the shelf. Break up probably began after c. 15 ka, and took place in two discrete steps. First, the shelf and major inlets were cleared of marine based ice. There was little thinning of the ice on land, and in the northern parts there was little change at all. The driving factor during this step was calving caused by rising sea level. This lasted until c. 10 ka, but may have been consumated before the Younger Dry as. The second step began with a glacier-readvance between 10 and 9.5 ka, and after this the fjord glaciers began to retreat rapidly. Within a few millenia all the presently ice free land was exposed. The frequency distribution of C-dates show that the nearshore marine and terrestrial biotopes emerged in this period. The discharge of ice was both by calving and melting, and the driving force was probably increased insolation. Maximum Holocene uplift was attained in areas of the 10 ka ice margin, indicating that the uplift is essentially a response to the melting and unloading of ice that began at this time. In suppport of this, recent results in West, North and East Greenland indicate that the age of the marine limits decline towards the outer coasts, away from the 10 ka ice margin.
Towards Self-Explaining Social Robots : Verbal Explanation Strategies for a Needs-Based Architecture Workshop on Cognitive Architectures for Human – Robot Interaction

In order to establish long-term relationships with users, social companion robots and their behaviors need to be comprehensible. Purely reactive behavior such as answering questions or following commands can be readily interpreted by users. However, the robot’s proactive behaviors, included in order to increase liveliness and improve the user experience, often raise a need for explanation. In this paper, we provide a concept to produce accessible “whyexplanations” for the goal-directed behavior an autonomous, lively robot might produce. To this end we present an architecture that provides reasons for behaviors in terms of comprehensible needs and strategies of the robot, and we propose a model for generating different kinds of explanations.
PROBABILISTIC ASSESSMENT OF LIQUEFACTION INITIATION HAZARD

This paper presents the results to date of ongoing studies to develop improved, probabilisticallybased correlations for the use of SPT data for evaluation of resistance to “triggering” or initiation of cyclic liquefaction. Although these studies are ongoing, the relationships developed at this stage are considered to represent a sufficient advance over previously available, similar relationships as to merit their exposition at this time.
The Relationship Between an Alternative Form of Cognitive Reflection Test and Intertemporal Choice

The cognitive reflection test (CRT) has been popular because it has demonstrated a good predictive validity of a variety of biases in judgment and decision making. Thomson and Oppenheimer (2016) further developed a second version of the cognitive reflection test, CRT2. Although CRT-2 has been found to be associated with several biases in judgment and decision making, its relationship with intertemporal choice remains unclear. Previous studies have shown that intertemporal choice characterizes the competition between intuition and reflection, and can be predicted by the original CRT. To further validate CRT-2, the present study tests the relationship between CRT-2 and intertemporal choice. The study finds that better performance on CRT-2 is significantly associated with fewer impulsive intertemporal choices in both gain and payment conditions. Moreover, impulsive choices are related to intuitive errors but not nonintuitive errors generated from CRT-2. The study suggests that CRT-2 provides some more items for researchers to select to characterize individual differences in thinking style and judgment and decision making.
Cost Effective Auditing of Prescriptions of Indoor Patients in a Tertiary care Teaching Hospital : A Retrospective Study

Background: Poverty and large population are important issues in India, though it is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. According to WHO regional advisor, a majority of Indians spend a good amount of their income on medicine and health care. Therefore cost control by rational prescription in very important. In this context the auditing of prescription was done for creating awareness for rational prescribing. Present study was conducted for having an insight into the good prescribing practices for low middle income country like India.
Programmer's Manual

All contents of this document are furnished for informational use only and are subject to change without notice and do not represent a commitment on the part of Dialogic Inc. and its affiliates or subsidiaries ("Dialogic"). Reasonable effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in the document. However, Dialogic does not warrant the accuracy of this information and cannot accept responsibility for errors, inaccuracies or omissions that may be contained in this document. Dialogic products are not intended for use in certain safety-affecting situations. Please see Due to differing national regulations and approval requirements, certain Dialogic products may be suitable for use only in specific countries, and thus may not function properly in other countries. You are responsible for ensuring that your use of such products occurs only in the countries where such use is suitable. For information on specific products, contact Dialogic Inc. at the address indicated below or on the web at www.dialogic. com. It is possible that the use or implementation of any one of the concepts, applications, or ideas described in this document, in marketing collateral produced by or on web pages maintained by Dialogic may infringe one or more patents or other intellectual property rights owned by third parties. Dialogic does not provide any intellectual property licenses with the sale of Dialogic products other than a license to use such product in accordance with intellectual property owned or validly licensed by Dialogic and no such licenses are provided except pursuant to a signed agreement with Dialogic. More detailed information about such intellectual property is available from Dialogic's legal department at 6700 de la Cote-de-Liesse Road, Suite 100, Borough of Saint-Laurent, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4T 2B5. Dialogic encourages all users of its products to procure all necessary intellectual property licenses required to implement any concepts or applications and does not condone or encourage any intellectual property infringement and disclaims any responsibility related thereto. These intellectual property licenses may differ from country to country and it is the responsibility of those who develop the concepts or applications to be aware of and comply with different national license requirements. NaturalAccess and Shiva, among others as well as related logos, are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Dialogic Inc. and its affiliates or ubsidiaries. Dialogic's trademarks may be used publicly only with permission from Dialogic. Such permission may only be granted by Dialogic's legal department at …
unassembled sequencing data : Species identification and strain attribution with Pathoscope Material Supplemental

Material Supplemental http://genome.cshlp. org/content/suppl/2013/07/19/gr.150151. 112.DC1. html P<P Published online July 10, 2013 in advance of the print journal. Open Access Open Access option. Genome Research Freely available online through the License Commons Creative . http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported), as described at , is available under a Creative Commons Genome Research This article, published in Service Email Alerting click here. top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the
Integrating Factors Of Housing Affordability As A Scheme In Governmental Policies

Many households in Nigeria, particularly the urban dwellers, are experiencing housing stress. This is because of affordability, which is the capability to pay for an adequate housing. Affordability examines the cost, technology and the form of housing available to a group of people within their income. On the other hand, studies have shown that, the household income and housing price are the primary determinants of housing affordability. This paper examines the factors that can be integrated in housing policies in Nigeria. This paper is a review of existing literature from Journal, article, books, and internet on housing affordability problems that relate to household income in Bauchi metropolis and other parts of Nigeria, particularly within the low income groups who buy or rent houses provided by private developers is presented. The result shows that the provision of public housing is an important aspect in the housing sector for all income groups, but most especially for those in the low income group. In conclusion, all of the discussed information are essential to providing understanding and conceptualization of the study area for integrating the factors of housing affordability as a scheme in governmental policies in Nigeria. Keywords—Housing; affordability; policy;
REINFORCED CLAY MASONRY WALLS UNDER SHEAR-COMPRESSION LOADS : EXPERIMENTAL BEHAVIOUR

In the framework of the DISWall project, funded by the European Commission, innovative construction systems for reinforced masonry walls were developed for the application in seismic areas. In particular, a new reinforced masonry system made with horizontally perforated clay units was developed on purpose for typical low-rise residential buildings to withstand in-plane actions. Thirty specimens of this type of masonry were characterized by means of uniaxial tests and by means of in-plane cyclic shear compression tests. The tests were carried out on either specimens with horizontal rebar reinforcement or truss reinforcement. Furthermore, the in-plane cyclic tests were carried out on both slender and squat specimens, under different precompression levels, in order to force both flexural and shear failure mechanisms. In the present contribution, the results of the cyclic tests carried out are discussed. Data of steel strain on rebars and trusses, ductility parameters, energy dissipation, stiffness degradation are discussed.
Emerging Trends in Facilities , Services , and Resources Usage Patterns in Academic Libraries : An Annotated Bibliography

“This paper aims to analyse the characteristics of tutorials created by academic libraries. It evaluates a sample of 180 tutorials by applying thirty basic indicators referring to general characteristics, content, teaching methodology, usability and technology. The general conclusion is that most of the tutorials are at an early stage of development. ’ Annotation: The authors examined Texas A&M University’s most frequently used scientific books to determine if e-book usage statistics merited an increase in acquisition. The study acknowledged the limited comparability of e-book and print statistics since each e-book access is recorded even if the use is de minimus while difficulty existed in tracking in-house print material usage. Despite these limitations, the authors found significantly higher e-book usage of popular scientific books as compared to its print counterparts. Mark Popielarski INFO 522 12 Authority: Ulrichsweb described the Journal of Academic Librarianship as an academic/scholarly journal which has been refereed. According to the Texas A&M website, Mr. Kimball serves as the school’s Science and Engineering Librarian and six of his articles have been published. Gary Ives serves as the University’s Coordinator of Electronic Resources with five published articles. Kathy Jackson holds a PhD in Education Administration and serves as a Science and Engineering Librarian. Search String: (DE "ACADEMIC libraries -Evaluation") OR (DE "ACADEMIC libraries -Off-campus services" OR DE "ACADEMIC libraries -Space utilization" OR DE "ACADEMIC libraries -Collection development" OR DE "ACADEMIC libraries -Electronic reserve collections" OR DE "ACADEMIC libraries -Quality control" OR DE "ACADEMIC libraries -Reserve collections" OR DE "ACADEMIC libraries -Services to Hispanic Americans" OR DE "ACADEMIC libraries -Services to minorities") Database: Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (LISTA) Method of Searching: Browsing and controlled vocabulary Search Strategy: For information relating to academic libraries, LISTA likely would retrieve many relevant articles. I began my search by consulting the thesaurus for subject headings and subheading relevant to the topic. I input “academic library” into the thesaurus “Browse” box and selected the “Relevancy Ranked” option. I decided to conduct a broad search of several related academic library topics and selected those listed in the search string. I decided to narrow the results by limiting the search to academic journals. I further refined the search by limiting the results to publications which would contain articles relevant to the topic. These journals were, “Journal of Academic Librarianship,” “Journal of Library Administration,” “Collection Management,” and College & Research Libraries. ” I viewed the result for this article and read the abstract. Upon confirming its usefulness, I selected “Get It” “Drexel Full Text. ” I retrieved the full text article from “Library Literature & Information Science” and downloaded the PDF version.
Comparative Evaluation of CEE-based Switch Adaptive Routing

In datacenter networks routing is key to applications’ performance, stability and reliability. IEEE Data Center Bridging Task Group is standardizing essential components of Converged Enhanced Ethernet (CEE) for use as universal datacenter technology. As the first adaptive routing proposal for CEE, the recent introduction of Switch Adaptive Routing (Switch AR) has the potential to enable new CEE applications from the realms of Cloud and High Performance Computing (HPC). We compare its performance versus the current state of the art in routing algorithms. We assess three most representative deterministic and load-oblivious schemes, as well as a rate limiter-enhanced version of Switch AR – all customized for CEE networks. Using HPC application traces and synthetic benchmarks borrowed from the InfiniBand and the 802.1Qau test suites, we evaluate the performance benefits and drawbacks of each scheme. We prove that Switch AR achieves better performance than deterministic and load-oblivious when asymmetric loads can be encountered on different alternative paths. On the other hand, when the loads are uniform, oblivious load-balancing algorithms deliver the best performance.
Technological risk : Natech

The past few years have seen a number of natural disasters accompanied by major damage to industrial facilities and other infrastructures. In March 2011, a tsunami struck a Japanese NPP, causing a nuclear meltdown, and raging fires and explosions at oil refineries in the wake of the massive earthquake that triggered the tsunami also made the global headlines. Other recent examples of major disasters include Hurricane Sandy in 2012, which caused multiple hydrocarbon spills and releases of raw sewage, the damage to industrial parks during the Thai floods in 2011, or Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005, which wreaked havoc on the offshore oil and gas infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico (Krausmann and Cruz, 2013; Cruz and Krausmann, 2008, 2009).
McCarthy Gliotransmission : Beyond Black-and-White X

Astrocytes are highly complex cells with many emerging putative roles in brain function. Of these, gliotransmission (active information transfer from glia to neurons) has probably the widest implications on our understanding of how the brain works: do astrocytes really contribute to information processing within the neural circuitry? “Positive evidence” for this stems from work of multiple laboratories reporting many examples of modulatory chemical signaling from astrocytes to neurons in the timeframe of hundreds of milliseconds to several minutes. This signaling involves, but is not limited to, Ca 2 -dependent vesicular transmitter release, and results in a variety of regulatory effects at synapses in many circuits that are abolished by preventing Ca 2 elevations or blocking exocytosis selectively in astrocytes. In striking contradiction, methodologically advanced studies by a few laboratories produced “negative evidence,” triggering a heated debate on the actual existence and properties of gliotransmission. In this context, a skeptics’ camp arose, eager to dismiss the whole positive evidence based on a number of assumptions behind the negative data, such as the following: (1) deleting a single Ca 2 release pathway (IP3R2) removes all the sources for Ca 2 -dependent gliotransmission; (2) stimulating a transgenically expressed GqGPCR (MrgA1) mimics the physiological Ca 2 signaling underlying gliotransmitter release; (3) age-dependent downregulation of an endogenous GPCR (mGluR5) questions gliotransmitter release in adulthood; and (4) failure by transcriptome analysis to detect vGluts or canonical synaptic SNAREs in astrocytes proves inexistence/functional irrelevance of vesicular gliotransmitter release. We here discuss how the above assumptions are likely wrong and oversimplistic. In light of the most recent literature, we argue that gliotransmission is a more complex phenomenon than originally thought, possibly consisting of multiple forms and signaling processes, whose correct study and understanding require more sophisticated tools and finer scientific experiments than done until today. Under this perspective, the opposing camps can be reconciled and the field moved forward. Along the path, a more cautious mindset and an attitude to open discussion and mutual respect between opponent laboratories will be good companions.
Validity of the Proficiency in Oral English Communication Screening

ABSTRACT: Purpose: This study investigated the construct, criterion, and social validity of the Proficiency in Oral English Communication Screening (POEC-S; Sikorski, 2005b), which is an assessment that is used with accented English speakers. Validity of this assessment has not previously been established despite its frequent use in clinical practice. Method: Speech samples and scores from the POEC-S and the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL; Educational Testing Service, n.d.) were collected from 28 nonnative English speakers. Twenty unskilled listeners (undergraduate students) and 20 skilled listeners (speechlanguage pathologists) listened to the speech samples and rated each speaker on speech parameters of overall accent, articulation, intonation, naturalness, and estimated intelligibility using perceptual rating scales. Results: The speakers’ POEC-S total and subtest scores correlated with the skilled listeners’ perceptual ratings of accent and, to a lesser extent, the speakers’ TOEFL scores; both results suggest the presence of construct validity. Criterion validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between the POEC-S scores and all components of our working definition of accent. Unskilled and skilled listener ratings also correlated with speakers’ POEC-S scores, verifying its social validity. Conclusion: These results support the validity of the POEC-S to assess foreign accented speakers with high TOEFL scores.
A generic intelligent architecture for computer-aided training of procedural knowledge

Abstract : Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) development is a knowledge-intensive task, suffering from the same knowledge acquisition bottleneck that plagues most Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. This research presents an architecture that requires knowledge only in the form of a shallow knowledge base and a simulation to produce a training system. The knowledge base provides the basic procedural knowledge while the simulation provides context. The remainder of the knowledge required for training is learned through the interaction of these components in a state-space scenario exploration process and inductive machine learning. These knowledge components are used only at the interface level, allowing the internal representation to take any form that meets the interface requirements. A prototype of this architecture is implemented as a proof-of-concept to illustrate the viability of the key knowledge acquisition techniques.
Search results outliers among MEDLINE platforms

Objective Hypothetically, content in MEDLINE records is consistent across multiple platforms. Though platforms have different interfaces and requirements for query syntax, results should be similar when the syntax is controlled for across the platforms. The authors investigated how search result counts varied when searching records among five MEDLINE platforms. Methods We created 29 sets of search queries targeting various metadata fields and operators. Within search sets, we adapted 5 distinct, compatible queries to search 5 MEDLINE platforms (PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, and Ovid), totaling 145 final queries. The 5 queries were designed to be logically and semantically equivalent and were modified only to match platform syntax requirements. We analyzed the result counts and compared PubMed’s MEDLINE result counts to result counts from the other platforms. We identified outliers by measuring the result count deviations using modified z-scores centered around PubMed’s MEDLINE results. Results Web of Science and ProQuest searches were the most likely to deviate from the equivalent PubMed searches. EBSCOhost and Ovid were less likely to deviate from PubMed searches. Ovid’s results were the most consistent with PubMed’s but appeared to apply an indexing algorithm that resulted in lower retrieval sets among equivalent searches in PubMed. Web of Science exhibited problems with exploding or not exploding Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. Conclusion Platform enhancements among interfaces affect record retrieval and challenge the expectation that MEDLINE platforms should, by default, be treated as MEDLINE. Substantial inconsistencies in search result counts, as demonstrated here, should raise concerns about the impact of platform-specific influences on search results.