Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of managerial ownership,institutional ownership and voluntarydisclosure on financial performance and its implication on The corporate value

The purpose of this study is to examine and determine the effect of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and voluntary disclosure on financial performance and its implications on the value of the manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The populations in this study were all companies registered manufacturing sector in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). Observation period of the research conducted from 2010-2013. Manufacturing industry group based on this study, there were 123 companies from three sectors of industry (basic and chemical industries, various sectors of the industry, the consumer goods sector). Analysis of the data in this study was using a statistical t-test, statistical f-test, and path analysis.The results showed that managerial ownership and voluntary disclosure partially have significant effect on the financial performance. However, institutional ownership have no significant effect on the financial performance. Managerial ownership, institutional ownership and voluntary disclosure have significant effect on the financial performance simultaneously. The next, the results showed that managerial ownership, institutional ownership, voluntary disclosure and financial performance have a significant effect on firm value either partially or simultaneously on the manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange.
EMG-based control of upper extremity neuroprostheses for C5/C6 spinal cord injury.

By JUAN GABRIEL HINCAPIE Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) has been used to restore upper extremity function in individuals with C5/C6 level of spinal cord injury (SCI). Neuroprostheses for this SCI population typically restore hand grasp. In their shoulder and elbow, these individuals have a combination of voluntary, denervated and paralyzed muscles that reduces their workspace and forces them to adopt non-natural kinematic strategies. Controlling these FES systems and integrating them seamlessly with the remaining function is still challenging. This project explored the use of electromyographic signals (EMG) recorded from muscles that remain under voluntary control to automatically stimulate paralyzed muscles in the shoulder and elbow; restoring proximal arm function in a more natural manner; interacting synergistically with the remaining function; and complementing the hand grasp function provided by the current systems. A musculoskeletal model of the shoulder and elbow was used to select an optimal set of muscles for stimulation. The model was also used to generate the patterns of activation required to restore high level reaching function. We demonstrated that a neural network controller could be trained to predict activations for the paralyzed muscles using voluntary muscle activations as inputs. The controller was then implemented in one human subject, where his recorded 11 EMG signals were used to train it. The implemented strategy showed that it is possible to restore reaching function, controlling the stimulation automatically. Furthermore, the intervention proved useful in increasing the range of motion of the arm and improving overall shoulder stability.
Does handedness matter? Writing and tracing kinematic analysis in healthy adults

Writing is a complex skill and it can be affected by many factors. One of the most obvious is handedness. The actual influence of handedness (especially left-handedness, since almost 10% of the population is left-handed) onto writing performance has not been fully studied in previous research. Digitalized kinematic analyses and assessments of writing strategies (i.e., graphic rules and principles) are two approaches to investigating writing characteristics poorly addressed in previous research. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of handedness onto writing kinematics using the aforementioned approach. The study included 34 young healthy adults (of whom 11 were left-handed) performing three writing tasks on a digital board. The tasks included semicircle and figure tracing and cursive letter writing. Regarding kinematics, left-handers performed tracing movements with higher mean horizontal acceleration and lower mean horizontal jerk compared to right-handed subjects. In addition, the left-handed wrote less accurately (i.e., undershooting more writing borders) and made more pauses during the letter writing task. The obtained results suggest that handedness slightly affects writing performance, and since left- and right-handers use the same cognitive strategies to writing and tracing, the observed differences could be mainly due to biomechanical constraints, what needs further studies in more representative samples.
Comparative analysis between EVA and traditional financial (accounting) indicators in Brazilian civil construction companies: a documentary study

Resumo: A fim de se adequarem à competitividade, as empresas estão realizando mudanças para acompanhar o cenário econômico atual. Nesse sentido é necessário buscar indicadores mais confiáveis que possibilitem uma maior compreensão do quanto foi agregado ao negócio. Este artigo propõe efetuar o cálculo do EVA e compará-lo com os indicadores econômicos tradicionais na apuração do lucro contábil de empresas, verificando as vantagens e desvantagens da aplicação do EVA como sistema de gestão baseado em valor e controle financeiro. A relevância deste estudo está em reconhecer a proposta que melhor mensura, adequadamente, o valor do capital e seu custo de oportunidade. A metodologia proposta baseou-se na aplicação e comparação de métricas para mensurar adequadamente o valor do capital e o custo da remuneração desse capital em dez empresas da construção civil, escolhidas do site da BM&FBOVESPA, utilizando o método tradicional e o EVA. O resultado deste estudo aponta que o lucro contábil não representa o valor real de ganho ou perda para os stakeholders e que a própria perda não significa prejuízo, pois a métrica tradicional não contempla o custo de oportunidades ou remuneração do capital. Palavras-chave: EVA; WACC; Custo de capital; Gestão baseada em valor. Abstract: Companies are required to make changes in order to face the competition and to keep up with the current economic scenario. Therefore, it is necessary to seek more reliable indicators that allow a better understanding of how much has been added to the business. This paper proposes to calculate EVA and compare it with the traditional economic indicators when calculating accounting profit, checking the advantages and disadvantages of applying EVA as a Value-based Management and financial control system. This study is important to recognize the best proposal that adequately measures the value of capital and its opportunity cost. The methodology proposed was based on the application of a metric to appropriately measure the value of the capital and the cost of its remuneration through a comparison between the traditional method and EVA in ten civil construction companies extracted from the BM&FBOVESPA website. The result of this study suggests that the accounting profit does not represent the actual value of gain or loss for stakeholders, in which the loss itself does not imply damage because the traditional metric does not consider the cost of opportunity or equity compensation.
Neurophysiological Approaches to Understanding Behavior

A biological revolution is occurring in the behavioral and social sciences, with an increasing emphasis on the use of neuroscience methods to understand human behavior, especially across the various subareas of psychology. The field of neuroscience reflects the interdisciplinary effort to understand the structure, function, physiology, biology, biochemistry, and pathology of the nervous system. From a psychological perspective, however, the term neuroscience typically is used to refer primarily to the study of the brain. Of interest is how the brain gives rise to learning, cognition, and behavior. Since the late 1980s, there has been dramatic growth in the field of cognitive neuroscience, which combines cognitive psychology, computational sciences, and neuroscience to examine how brain activity gives rise to cognitive abilities (e.g., memory, emotion, attention, language, consciousness). Indeed, this approach has been quite successful in providing new insights into many of these mental functions (Gazzaniga, 2004). Most recently, social neuroscience is an emerging field that uses the methods of neuroscience to understand how the brain processes social information. It involves scholars from widely diverse areas—such as social psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, anthropology, economics, and sociology—working together and across levels of analysis to understand fundamental questions about human social nature. Social neuroscience merges evolutionary theory, experimental social cognition, and neuroscience to elucidate the neural mechanisms that support social behavior. From this perspective, just as there are dedicated brain mechanisms for breathing, walking, and talking, the brain has evolved specialized mechanisms for processing information about the social world, including people’s ability
www.econstor.eu Distributional Preferences and Competitive Behavior

We study experimentally the relationship between distributional preferences and competitive behavior. We find that spiteful subjects react strongest to competitive pressure and win in a tournament significantly more often than efficiency-minded and inequality averse subjects. However, when given the choice between a tournament and a piece rate scheme, efficiencyminded subjects choose the tournament most often, while spiteful and inequality averse subjects avoid it. When controlling for distributional preferences, risk attitudes and past performance, the gender gap in the willingness to compete is no longer significant, indicating that gender-related variables explain why twice as many men as women self-select into competition. JEL-Code: C91, D03
REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF HEALTH AND DEFENSE EXPENDITURE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

This research work measures the effects of defence a d health expenditures on Economic growth in Nigeria. In a bid to justify this work, data from 1 970 to 2015 were collated from the annual statistic al Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria volume 27. The Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) and Granger Causality methods were methods of analysis u ed in the estimation of the models. The econometric software Eviews 8.0 was used to carry o ut the estimation. Among other findings, the result of the ECM model shows that defence spending has po sitive and statistically significant impact on the Nigerian economy in the short run. Health spending also has positive and significant short run impact on the economy. The labour force however did not ha ve any significant impact on the gross domestic product. Diagnostic tests such as Normality and aut ocorrelation tests were carried out on the model’s outputs to establish the robustness or otherwise of it. It was found that the residuals were normally distributed and no autocorrelation present. The Gra nger causality result also revealed a unidirectiona l causality running from DSP to GDP but not the other way round. Also, there exists a one-directional causal relationship between GDP and health spending in Nigeria. The result shows causality running from health spending to GDP but not the other way r ound. Based on the findings of this work, recommendations made among other things include: Go vernment should increase funding of the military so as to increase GDP; Government should a lso step up spending on the health sector and stepping up the provision of employment to teeming population so as to enable them contribute meaningfully to the growth of the economy.
AN EXPLICIT MODEL FOR EXPOSED COLUMN BASE CONNECTIONS AND ITS PARAMETER SENSITIVITY

Exposed column bases are the connection type most often employed in low to mid-rise steel moment resisting frames. Design typically follows idealized conditions for their boundaries, i.e. either pinned or fixed. In truth, the bases' behavior falls between those two cases and, depending on their design, can have important system-level seismic performance implications. The main objective of this paper is to present the details of a recently developed modeling approach for exposed column bases and help guide its use. It will start by briefly reviewing the chief factors involved in the hysteretic response of these connections. After, an explicit mechanics-based model is presented in which each component of the base is individually simulated. Sensitivity studies on features such as material modeling parameters as well element discretization levels are then conducted to assess the model’s performance. Recommendations are made on its effective use, as are remarks pertaining to its limitations.
The SNCmeteorites are fromMars

The 14 SNC meteorites are all igneous rocks, either basalts or basaltic cumulates. They are inferred to be from Mars, based on direct comparison with Martian materials and on consistency with inferences about Mars. Most telling is that the SNC meteorites contain traces of gas which is very similar in elemental and isotopic compositions to the modern Martian atmosphere as measured by Viking landers on Mars and spectroscopy from Earth. The Martian atmosphere appears to have a unique composition in the solar system, so its presence in the SNCs is accepted as strong direct evidence that they formed on Mars. Independent of this link, the SNC meteorites must be from a planet with a signi cant atmosphere because they contain several abundant gas components, one of which carries large isotopic fractionations characteristic of atmospheric processing. Further, the elemental compositions and oxidation state of the SNC meteorites are consistent with data from in situ analyses of Martian soils and rocks, and are quite distinct from compositions of other meteorites, rocks from the Earth, and rocks from the Moon. The range of formation ages for the SNC meteorites, 4.5–0:18 Ga, is consistent with the varied ages of the Martian surface (based on its cratering record) and inconsistent with surface ages on any other solar system body. The extreme chemical fractionations in the SNC meteorites suggest complex internal processes on a large planet, which is inconsistent with an asteroidal origin. Some SNCs were altered by aqueous solutions at ¡ 0:7 Ga, consistent with the recent presence of liquid groundwater in Mars inferred independently from the geology of its surface. There seems little likelihood that the SNCs are not from Mars. If they were from another planetary body, it would have to be substantially identical to Mars as it now is understood. c © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Analysis of factors that influence market channel choice of smallholder vegetable farmers in Mashonaland east province of Zimbabwe

Smallholder vegetable production is a very important activity in Zimbabwe, contributing significantly towards household food security and income. However, vegetable farmers are constrained from participating in remunerative markets by several factors. The main aim of this study was to analyse factors that influence market channel choice of smallholder vegetable farmers in four districts of Mashonaland East Province of Zimbabwe. The survey used crosssectional data which was obtained in 2016 from 385 smallholder vegetable farmers. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to construct the sample. The multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyse these factors. Results of the model revealed that distance to market, group membership, adding value, road infrastructure and quantity produced influence participation in rural local markets. On the other hand gender, distance to market, market information, group membership, producer price, adding value, road infrastructure, quantity produced and market infrastructure influence farmers’ participation in urban markets. Policies, aimed at availing resources for improved productivity of vegetables should be gender sensitive. In the same way, crafting of appropriate policies and programmes which foster collective action amongst farmers are required. Again, farmers’ transaction costs can be reduced by investment in infrastructure such as roads. This can enable them to participate in more lucrative markets.
EXAMINATION OF TURKISH PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS TOWARDS CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT

The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes and beliefs of Turkish prospective teachers towards classroom management. The population of the study comprises of 679 students. 193 students from the Faculty of Education of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University comprised the working group of the study. According to the study findings, attitudes and beliefs of prospective teachers found to be ‘mid-level’ towards the ‘instructional management and behavior management’ dimensions of the inventory, ‘high level’ towards ‘people management’ dimension of the inventory and ‘mid-level’ towards ‘classroom management’ considering the whole inventory. Furthermore, study results revealed that cumulative attitude and belief scores of prospective teachers from the whole inventory do not exhibit any meaningful difference according to the ‘gender’ and ‘type of education’ variables. On the other hand, regarding the ‘department’ variable, foreign language prospective teachers’ attitudes and beliefs towards ‘people management’ dimension found to be meaningfully higher than classroom prospective teachers. Key-words: Attitude, belief, classroom management, prospective teacher
Age structure and size of the syntopic populations of Triturus carnifex

The lake "Ameisensee" (1,282 m a.s.l.) is situated in the Northern Calcareous Alps of Austria, and represents an important breeding site for six species of locally endangered amphibians (Triturus carnifex, T. vulgaris, T. alpestris, Rana temporaria, Bufo bufo and Bombina variegata). Estimated population sizes by means of the capture-mark-recapture method were 805 (2000) and 327 (2001) in T. carnifex, 2362 (2000) and 1637 (2001) in T. vulgaris, 1090 (2000) and 7027) in T. alpestris, respectively. These are the largest known populations of T. carnifex and T. vulgaris from above 1100 m altitude in Austria. The age of 21 73 carnifex, 18 T. vulgaris and 19 T. alpestris was assessed using skeletochronological techniques. The median age was 8 years in T. carnifex and T. alpestris, and 7.5 years in T. vulgaris. Maximum longevities were 16 years (T. carnifex), 11 years (T. vulgaris) and 10 years (T. alpestris). Concerning the age structure there were no significant differences observed between the populations of the three newt species studied.
Examination of the Relationship Between Institutional Ownership Horizon and Corporate Social Responsibility∗

Institutional investors are increasingly short-term in their orientation. While the increasing prevalence of short-termism has gained the attention of global forums and policy makers, the case for the long-term investment among institutional investors is far from settled in the academic community. Just like classic agency and stakeholder theories offer opposite views, empirical research on the relationship between institutional ownership and corporate social responsibility (CSR) has produced contradictory results. After reconciling theoretical perspectives and improving on the empirical methodology, we find that institutions with longer (shorter) investment horizons promote (discourage) CSR at the firm level. These findings are consistent with the view that short-termism on the part of institutional investors places shortterm pressure on companies, and therefore discourages long-term investments, such as environmentally and socially responsible investments. Our results are robust to using alternative measures for CSR and investment horizons, accounting for multidimensionality of CSR, and for reverse causality. JEL Classification: A13, G23, M14
Involvement of Interleukin-10 in Analgesia of Electroacupuncture on Incision Pain

Objective Postincision pain often occurs after surgery and is an emergency to be treated in clinic. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a Chinese traditional treatment widely used to cure acute or chronic pain, but its mechanism is not clear. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a powerful anti-inflammatory cytokine that shows neuroprotective effects in inflammation and injury in the CNS. The present study attempts to reveal that IL-10 is crucial for EA analgesia on postincision pain. Methods A model of incision pain was established in C57BL/6J mice. The pain threshold was detected by behavioral test, and the expression of IL-10 and its receptor was detected by an immunohistochemical method. C-fiber-evoked field potentials were recorded by in vivo analysis. Results The mechanical allodynia induced by paw incision was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of EA in mice. Intrathecal injection of IL-10 neutralizing antibody (2 µg/10 µL) but not intraplantar injection (10 µg/10 µL) reversed the analgesia of EA. The upregulations of IL-10 mRNA and protein were induced by EA at 6 h and 1 d after incision, respectively. Spinal long-term potentiation (LTP), a substrate for central sensitization, was also suppressed by EA with IL-10. IL-10 recombinant protein (1 µg/10 µL, i.t.) mimicked the analgesia of EA on mechanical allodynia and inhibition on the spinal LTP. Posttreatment of EA after incision also transitorily relieved the mechanical allodynia, which can be blocked by spinal IL-10 antibody. IL-10 and its receptor, IL-10RA, are predominantly expressed in the superficial spinal astrocytes. Conclusions These results suggested that pretreatment of EA effectively prevented postincision pain and IL-10 in spinal astrocytes was critical for the analgesia of EA and central sensitization.
Preliminary Antimicrobial and Antioxydant Activities of Extracts of Pseudospondias microcarpa

There is a need for new, effective and affordable drugs to fight against infectious diseases in the world. Pseudospondias microcarpa, widely used in the traditional African medicine could serve in a search for plant-derived antimicrobial agents. Thus, this study aimto evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of extracts of Pseudospondias microcarpa (Anacardiaceae). The phytochemical screenings of extracts was done follow by their antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP techniques. The total polyphenols content content was determined. The antimicrobial activity was screen by disc diffusion method and the Minimal inhibitory concentration of selected extract was determined by broth microdilution method. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of sterols, alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, saponins, quinones, glycosides, polyphenols, triterpenes, anthocyanins, anthraquinons, tannins and coumarins. The ethyl acetate of root exerted the best radical scavenging activity being with IC 50 equal to8.6013±1.04469 μg/mL. The reducing power was ranging from 0.15 0.05 to 2.38 0.00DO/μg with the hydroalcohol extract of stem bark exhibiting the best ferric reducing antioxidant power. For total phenol content, hydro-ethanol extracts of stem bark was the most riche extract with 3.594 mgEAG/mg.The significant degree of inhibitory activity of hexane extract of fruit and ethyl acetate extract of roots was observed against Salmonella enterica follow by Enterococcus feacalis 51229 and Staphylococcus aureus BAA 977 with respective inhibition diameter of 16.0 mm and 15.0 mm. The MIC determination of selected extracts showed the results range from 156.25 to 2500μg/mL. The ethyl acetate extract ofstem bark was the most active against Staphylococcusaureus 29213 and Staphylococcus aureus BAA 977 with MICs values of 156,25 μg/mL and 312,5 μg/mL respectively. These results support the traditional usage of P. microcarpa by local communities as the therapeutic agents for the treatment of infection disease.