Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of intermittent-upwelling on Mytilus galloprovincialis settlement patterns in the Ría de Ares-Betanzos

Coastal upwelling systems can directly or indirectly affect the population dynamics of marine invertebrates due to their influence on residual circulation patterns and biological pro- duction cycles. In the present study we evaluated the influence of shelf winds and continental runoff on settlement patterns of Mytilus galloprovincialis at 2 contrasting locations in an embay- ment (Ria de Ares-Betanzos) located at the northern boundary of the IberianCanary current upwelling system. We quantified settlement at 2 depths (1 and 6 m) every 15 d for a period of 2 yr at an outer location (Miranda) with direct oceanic influence and at an estuarine dominated site in the inner ria (Arnela). We explored the instantaneous and delayed (15 and 30 d) effects of the forc- ing variables to infer their influence at different times in larval development. The results showed a coupling between mussel settlement and the upwelling favourable season. Wind stress and Ekman transport along the main axis of the ria affected mussel settlement patterns significantly. Instantaneous and delayed responses showed the relevance of shelf winds at different larval developmental stages. Inverse patterns were observed between the inner and outer location in response to instantaneous winds. Onshore transport caused a decrease in settlement at Miranda, while only intense offshore transport showed a detrimental effect on settlement at Arnela. With regard to the 15 d delayed effect, maximum settlement abundances matched at both locations with transport values around zero. The 30 d delayed effect on settlement abundance showed a positive linear relationship with wind stress and Ekman transport at both locations. These relation- ships might be directly related to physical transport processes or indirectly associated with food availability and larval survival.
In-Vitro Production of Anthocyanin in Sesbania grandiflora (Red Katuray) as Influenced by Varying Concentrations of 2,4-D and BA Added on MS Medium

The study aimed to determine the anthocyanin content in callus cultures of Sesbania grandiflora L. (Red Katuray) using petal explants as influenced by 2,4-D and BA. The specific objective of this study is to determine the effect of plant growth regulators specifically auxin (2,4-D) and BA (Benzyladenine) on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium in anthocyanin production. Earliest callus initiation was noted in 2.5 ppm to 5.0 ppm 2,4-D without BA and 2.5 ppm 2,4-D with 2.5 ppm BA. Same treatment combination had the highest degree of callus formation and obtained the greatest percentage of callus formation 2.5 ppm 2,4-D without BA and 2.5 ppm 2,4-D with 2.5 ppm BA. The heaviest weight of callus was registered at 2.5 ppm 2,4-D without BA. Significantly higher anthocyanin content was noted in 2.5 ppm to 5.0 ppm 2,4-D without or with 2.5 ppm BA, with 2.5 and 5.0 ppm BA and with 5.0 ppm 2,4-D and 2.5 ppm BA. There is a positive relationship between callus formation and anthocyanin production. Results showed that treatments that promoted significantly greater callus formation e.g. 2.5 ppm 2,4-D alone or in combination with 2.5 ppm BA also produced the highest anthocyanin content.
Beyond the Extended Self: Loved Objects and Consumers' Identity Narratives

This article investigates the possessions and activities that consumers love and their role in the construction of a coherent identity narrative. In the face of social forces pushing toward identity fragmentation, interviews reveal three different strategies, labeled "demarcating," "compromising," and "synthesizing" solutions, for creating a coherent self-narrative. Findings are compared to Belk's "Possessions and the Extended Self. " Most claims from Belk are supported, but the notion of a core versus extended self is critiqued as a potentially confusing metaphor. The roles of loved objects and activities in structuring social relationships and in consumer well-being are also explored. (c) 2005 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc.
Krill feeding on sediment in the Gulf of Maine (North Atlantic)

Krill are key members of many marine ecosystems, serving as a critical trophic link between microscopic organisms and large predators such as whales, fish, and seabirds. Krill feed- ing is thus important to ecosystem carbon cycling. Traditional approaches to determining in-situ krill feeding require a priori assumptions, and may have prey-type detection biases. We took a DNA-based approach to measuring in-situ feeding by northern krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica. The diversity of prey consumed by M. norvegica in situ was analyzed for 80 krill at 8 stations throughout the Gulf of Maine (North Atlantic) using peptide nucleic acid mediated polymerase chain reaction (PNA-PCR) clone library sequencing of 18S rDNA. Relative abundance of the 2 most common prey types was measured with quantitative PCR (qPCR) in the guts of 16 krill. The 245 prey sequences recovered from krill gut contents included copepods, salps, phytoplankton, and a poorly known organism found to be sediment associated. Calanus finmarchicus and the sed- iment-associated organism were found most commonly, at 7 and 8 stations, respectively, and their 18S rDNA was present in nearly equal quantities in individual krill guts. M. norvegica, like most krill, are typically considered planktivorous; thus krill feeding on sediment organisms represents an unrecognized pathway for carbon flow from the sediment to the pelagic. Calculations suggest that this unrecognized pathway could potentially bring over 100 000 t of carbon annually back into the Gulf of Maine pelagic ecosystem, equivalent to 4% of annual primary production, or the energy demands of 80% of the region's fin whale population.
A Hybrid Approach for Test Case Prioritization using PSO Based on Software Quality Metrics

Effective functionality checking of any software application is the crucial event that determines the quality of outcome obtained. Generally, checking scenarios that involves multiple test cases in mixture with multiple components is time consuming and also increases the quality assurance cost. Selection of suitable method/approach for optimization and prioritization of test cases as well as appropriate evaluation of the application would result in reduction of fault detection effort without appreciable information loss and further would also significantly decrease the clearing up cost. In the proposed method, test cases are optimized and then prioritized by Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) and Improved Cuckoo Search algorithm (ICSA), respectively. Finally, the result will be evaluated for software quality measures.
Ecotoxicological evaluation of the application of landfill leachate on the germination of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)

In sanitary landfills occurs the disposal of varied variety of residues that lead to the formation of leachate generated from the decomposition of urban solid wastes. Special attention should be given to leachate, as it may affect natural resources. The adoption of ecotoxicity tests may contribute to understand the relationship of pollutant with the environment in case of disposal or spillage. Thus, germination trials with cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata ) submitted to different dosages of landfill leachate (3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100%) were proposed in two substrates: paper filter and soil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the direct and indirect impact of the leachate on the germination of cabbage seeds, through the LC50 and the values of NOEC and LOEC. In both substrates it was not possible to determine the LC50 from the doses tested. In the paper test, the determination of LOEC, occurred with treatment 3.125%. For the soil test, the LOEC value is obtained with the 50% dose. The species presents a high potential for ecotoxicity bioassays to determine environmental impact, due to its sensitivity to variations in the environment.
Considerations on the seismic performance of pre-1970s RC buildings in the Christchurch CBD during the 4th Sept 2010 Canterbury earthquake: was that really a big one?

The 4th of September 2010 Mw 7.1 Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake had generated significant ground shaking within the Christchurch Central Business District (CBD). Despite the apparently significant shaking, the observed structural damage for pre-1970s reinforced concrete (RC) buildings was indeed limited and lower than what was expected for such typology of buildings. This paper explores analytically and qualitatively the different aspects of the „apparent‟ good seismic performance of the pre1970s RC buildings in the Christchurch CBD, following the earthquake reconnaissance survey by the authors. Damage and building parameters survey result, based on a previously established inventory of building stock of these non-ductile RC buildings, is briefly reported. From an inventory of 75 buildings, one building was selected as a numerical case-study to correlate the observed damage with the non-linear analyses. The result shows that the pre-1970s RC frame buildings performed as expected given the intensity of the ground motion shaking during the Canterbury earthquake. Given the brittle nature of this type of structure, it was demonstrated that more significant structural damage and higher probability of collapse could occur when the buildings were subjected to alternative input signals with different frequency content and duration characteristics and still compatible to the seismicity hazard for Christchurch CBD. At the time of review/writing of this paper, the 22 nd February 2011 Mw 6.2 Christchurch earthquake occurred 10km from the Christchurch CBD. A very brief preliminary observation is included herein as it is very relevant to the discussion of this paper.
Aspects of the behavior and reproduction of Mastigoproctus brasilianus Koch, 1843, (Arachnida:Uropygi:Telyphonidae)

Aspectos do comportamento e reproducao de Mastigoproctus brasilianus (Koch, 1843). A ordem Uropygi inclui aracnideos sul tropicais predadores que apresentam pedipalpos raptoriais, um longo e multissegmentado pospigidio, e longo flagelo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o repertorio comportamental de Mastigoproctus brasilianus (Koch 1843) em condicoes de laboratorio, bem como descrever as diferentes formas de comportamentos envolvidos no ritual de acasalamento. Foram computados 25 atos comportamentais espontâneos. Os mesmos foram agrupados em 9 categorias que incluem: manter-se abrigado, permanecer imovel, mover os apendices sem deslocamento, extensao das pernas, limpar-se, mover-se com deslocamento (para frente ou para tras), cavar; se alimentar, “outras formas de comportamento” menos frequentes. As categorias de comportamentos diferiram entre os sexos e entre periodos de atividade. Os comportamentos dos machos diferem dos imaturos e das femeas adultas. O comportamento reprodutivo apresentado por M. brasilianus segue os padroes descritos para outras especies. Palavras-chave: Mastigoproctus. Uropygi. Neotropicos. Comportamento. Aspects of the behavior and reproduction of Mastigoproctus brasilianus (Koch, 1843). The order Uropygi includes south tropical predator arachnids with large raptorial pedipalps, a long and multi-segmented pos-pygidium, and long flagellum. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the behavior repertoire of Mastigoproctus brasilianus (Koch 1843) in laboratory conditions, as well as describing the different forms of behavior involved in the mating ritual of this species. A total of 25 behavioral acts were witnessed, that were clustered in 9 categories which included: to remain sheltered; to remain immobile; to move appendices without displacement; extensioning the legs; to clean itself; to move (forward or backward); to dig; to feed and “other forms of behavior”. The categories of behaviors varied between sexes and between periods of activity. Males differed from all the others and the females presented a similar pattern when compared to the immature forms. The reproductive behavior presented by M. brasilianus follows the standards described for other species. Key-words: Brazil. Uropygi. Neotropics. Ethology.
Perturbations and coherent flow in Rayleigh-Taylor instability

In this paper we explore the effects of initial perturbations and enclosed geometry as found in a set of simple experiments performed in the laboratory using a gravitationally unstable system. The aim of this work is to attempt to quantify the relatively large differences in the growth rate found previously in such experiments when compared with rocket experiments or numericaI cedes.
Mesoscale surface distribution of biogeochemical characteristics in the Crozet Basin frontal zones (South Indian Ocean)

A mesoscale study was conducted in January and February 1999 in the Crozet Basin frontal zones (43° 50' to 45° 20' S, 61° 00' to 64° 30' E) within the southernmost and easternmost con- vergence area of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the Agulhas Return Current (ARC). Distribution of biogeochemical parameters was strongly linked to the merged Subtropical (STF) and Subantarctic (SAF) Fronts which mark the border between the cold and less saline subantarctic waters and the warm and more saline subtropical waters. This survey took place during a post-bloom period. Chlorophyll a concentrations were low throughout the study area ranging from 0.2 µg l -1 in the Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ) to 0.4 µg l -1 in the Subtropical Zone (STZ). Maximum chlorophyll a val- ues (0.8 µg l -1 ) associated with an increase in biogenic silica concentration (from 0.03 to 0.34 µM) and a diatom peak (1.2 × 10 5 cells l -1 ) were encountered in the northeastern part of the STF edge. Despite northwardly decreasing concentrations of nitrates from 14 µM in the PFZ to 6 µM in the STZ, they were not the main factor limiting phytoplankton growth. Low silicic acid (mean = 0.6 µM) could have limited diatom development in the PFZ and the STZ where diatom numbers were low. In STZ waters, where average diatom numbers were highest, various species of Nitzschia and Thalassiothrix were common, but Pseudonitzschia spp. were dominant. Throughout the survey area, pico- and nano-sized cells dominated the phytoplankton assemblage, and their number was the highest in the STZ. Cyanobacteria, only present in subtropical waters >12.5°C, were the major component of the picoplankton size-fraction. While dinoflagellate numbers were low in the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ), their abundance and species numbers increased in the STZ, where Oxytoxum laticeps became dom- inant and several further large-size species of Prorocentrum, Ceratium and Gymnodinium appeared in addition to those at the STF. The distribution of different biogeochemical parameters suggests that the Crozet Basin frontal region is a non-exporting system at the end of summer. During this post- bloom period, biological activity is low and phytoplankton growth severely limited. This is evidenced by the weak dependence of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) on biological activity and the importance of the air-sea exchange in maintaining pCO2 close to saturation.
Anti-epileptic properties of terpineol extracted from Myristica fragrans Houtt. essential oil in the epileptic rat model.

Epilepsy is the manifestation of the disease due to overstimulation of the brain. The common signs of this disease are chronic, episodic and recurrent seizures. This problem usually occurs in dogs and cats with the prevalence of the problem estimated about 5.0-5.7 % in dog population and about 0.5 % in the cat population. Today, there is a lot of studies that had been done to search for the new alternative anticonvulsant and antiepilleptic using allopathy or traditional medicine, one of them that had been done was Myristica fragrans Houtt. The volatile oil from the Myristica fragrans Houtt. had been studied and proven to have anticonvulsant effect and one of the constituents suspected to contribute to the anticonvulsant activity was terpineol. This study was done to screen the anti-epileptic effect of terpineol that had been extracted from Myristica fragrans Houtt, essential oil to the kainic acid induced epileptic rat model by determining the effect of terpineol to the behavioural seizure activity and electroencephalogram (EEG) of this model. In this study, 3 adult male SpraqueDawley rats were established with a radiotelemetry system by implanting with electroencephalogram telemetry device and were induced for epilepsy using kainic acid and then treated with the terpineol with doses fo 20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg. The rats were observed for behavioral seizure activity and electroencephalograms were done qualitatively and quantitatively based on the Racine Scale and EEG semiology. The results of this experiment indicated that terpineol had the antiepileptic properties by inhibiting the behavioral seizure activity and seizure electroencephalogram. The effect of antiepileptic of terpineol also correlated with the doses that were used in this experiment. The possible mechanism of antiepileptic effect of terpineol is by enhancing the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibition mechanism.
Disease management by vaccination using Escherichia coli antigens

A major challenge for health care in 21st century is the increase in level of resistance to pathogens and effective vaccines to prevent the often life threatening infections are urgently required. Pathogen has been investigated for their potential use either as therapeutic or prophylactic vaccines, in order to identify new antigens of diagnostic and vaccine potential. The present investigation was done with five different type of antigens produced from single pathogen. It also identifies the immune complex and DNA antigen as most suitable for vaccine development against pathogens. Antigens may vary within the host during the course of infection or antigenic types of parasites in the population. Antigenic variation is an important mechanism used by pathogenic microorganism for escaping and neutralizing activities of the antibody. Immune complexes and DNA antigen serve as vaccines, and it can be used to develop multi antigen. Furthermore, it is also easy to produce in a large scale. Vaccination is still the best way for prevention of bacterial diseases. The conditions for the preparation of antigens of intact natural composition and conformation from Escherichia coli (whole cell and heat killed), was determined using Swiss albino mice (Balb/C) as experimental species. A novel approach for vaccine design and production is discussed.
Testing methods for the estimation of carbon sequestration in wetlands

Globally, wetland ecosystems are recognised as important carbon sinks, however, there is a relative lack of information in regards to the carbon dynamics of semi-arid floodplain wetlands in comparison to other wetland types, such as coastal wetlands. Environmental water allocations are increasingly used to maintain the ecological health of regulated floodplain wetlands. In light of global climate change and potential mitigation strategies, environmental water allocations may be used to restore or enhance carbon sequestration in floodplain wetlands. Thus, there is a need to assess if environmental water allocations can be used effectively to promote carbon sequestration in floodplain wetlands; this can be partly achieved by determining probable sources of soil carbon. This study investigated relationships between soil organic carbon (SOC) and reedbed persistence in extensive reedbeds of Phragmites australis in the Macquarie Marshes, a semi-arid floodplain wetland located in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. Stable carbon isotopes were used to determine possible SOC sources, whilst using aboveground biomass measures to calibrate Normalized Digital Vegetation Index (NDVI) data for application in broad-scale reedbed assessment.
What Motivates Block Share Ownership?

Diffuse share ownership is not as pronounced in the U.S. as many would assume. This has led to a body of research examining large shareholders, or blockholders. Issues addressed include whether firms with a blockholder perform better or worse than widely-held firms; whether firms with a blockholder pay their executives differently to widely-held firms; and whether the presence of a blockholder increases or decreases the incidence takeovers. Another issue, which this paper explores, is what motivates block share ownership. Bebchuk (1999a, 1999b) develops a model which predicts that a firm is more likely to have a controlling blockholder if the anticipated private benefits of control at that firm are comparatively large. This paper examines the factors associated with ownership structure among publicly traded Australian firms. Our results indicate that private benefits of control are a significant factor in explaining the differences in ownership structure among Australian firms. As importantly, we also find that the relationship between the existence of a blockholder and private benefits of control is endogenous. That is, the presence of a controlling blockholder strongly influences the prevalence of these private benefits of control.
PRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF BILATERAL TIBIAL SHAFT FRACTURE: A PROSPECTIVE CASE SERIES OF RARE ENTITY AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Introduction: Unlike unilateral tibia fracture bilateral tibia fractures are rare and often associated with multiple systemic injuries results from high energy trauma in motor vehicle accidents, sports or falls from height. Management and complications of such injuries are little existing in the literature. Materials and methods: Demographics, the severity of the injury, fractur e pattern, the extent of the open fracture, associated injuries and treatmen ts were documented in a prospective, single center study of nine cases. Complications and outco me were recorded in follow-up. Results: Eight were an adult male and one was a female chi d. Mean age was 24.55 year (range, 3 to 33). 11.11% had bilateral closed, 22.22% susta ined bilateral open, and 66.66% had unilateral open fracture. The most common associated injury wa s fracture distal radius in 44.44% followed by shoulder dislocation (22.22%) and fracture proxi mal humerus (11.11%). The New Injury Severity Score was range from 18 to 27. 27.77% (5, tibia) cases (Total 18 tibia) managed with definitive casting and remaining 72.22% cases were treated with immediate (11, tibia) and delayed intramedullary nailing (2, tibia). Complica t ons were included superficial wound infection, wound necrosis and delayed union, requir ed additional surgeries. Average hospital stay was 19.88 days (range, 7-45 days). 66.66% of cases went on heal without complication. The average follow-up was 8 months (range, 3-12 months) . Conclusion: Bilateral tibial shaft fractures can associate with musculoskeletal injuries in other region and show a high rate of open fractures which may require additional procedures.
Detection of the SiNC radical in IRC+10216

Following discovery of the free radical SiCN in the C-star envelope IRC+10216, we report the detection in the same source of its isomer SiNC. The microwave spectra of SiNC and SiCN were studied in the laboratory and their rotational transition frequencies are accurately known. The ground fine structure state of SiNC, 2 Π1/2, gives rise to a series of rotational transitions, spaced by 12.8 GHz, each with Λ-doubling. Five weak lines are detected with the IRAM 30-m telescope at the frequencies of the J = 6.5 → 5. 5( e), 7.5 → 6.5 (f), 8.5 → 7.5 (f) and 10.5 → 9.5 (e) and (f) rotational transitions. Other SiNC lines from these or adjacent rotational transitions are found to be blended with stronger lines from known molecules. The lines assigned to SiNC have a cusped shape, characteristic of species confined to a hollow shell in the outer circumstellar envelope. They are twice weaker than their SiCN counterparts, which have the same shape, and presumably arise in the same region of the envelope. SiNC and SiCN have about the same abundance in IRC+10216, ∼4 × 10 −9 with respect to H2 . T his contrasts with HCN, HC3 Na nd HC 5N, for which the cyanide to isocyanide abundance ratio is >100.