Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Mortality in Buddhachinaraj Phitsanulok Hospital

PROBLEM/BACKGROUND: Incidence of perioperative mortality is an indicator for quality and safety of anesthetic service. OBJECTIVE: To study incidence, risk factors and main causes of perioperative mortality. RESEARCH DESIGN: A retrospective descriptive study. SETTING: Department of Anesthesia, Buddhachinaraj Phitsanulok Hospital. MATERIALS and METHOD: This study reviewed retrospectively 14,001 anesthetic services, between October 2003 to September 2004. All consecutive patients who died intraoperatively or within 24 hr after anesthetic periods were explored the related causes and classified to determine a relationship of service, site of operation and main causes of death. Data was analyzed and presented by frequency, mean, standard deviation and percentage. RESULTS: Perioperative mortality incidence was 62.1: 10,000 anesthetics. Of 87 deaths, 71 cases ( 81.6%) were ASA class 3-4. The two most common sites of operation were head ( 40.2%) and upper abdomen ( 35.6%). Trauma ( 40.2%) and sepsis ( 32.2%) were the main causes of death. Thirty-seven cases ( 46.2%) of deaths were operated by general surgery as same as neurosurgery. CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative mortality incidence in Buddhachinaraj Phitsanulok Hospital was higher than other study in Thai. Perioperative death mostly caused by trauma and sepsis. Besides traffic accident management and infectious control, quality improvement of anesthetic service can be done by clinical practice guideline ( CPG) development, preparing equipment for promptly use in critical patients, stimulating personnel for problem awareness, incidence surveillance and executive report for strategic planning.
A reciprocal inhibition model of alternations between non-dissociative and dissociative states in patients with PTSD

Objective Traumatic life-events can leave individuals with contrasting posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, including re-experiencing and avoidance. Notably, patients with PTSD are known to periodically switch between two opposing attentional biases; namely, toward threat and away from threat. We hypothesized that reciprocal inhibition between the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) may induce alternations between these attentional biases, which in turn may contribute to the re-experiencing and avoidance symptoms, respectively. Methods To test this reciprocal inhibition model, we performed an experiment to measure the attentional biases of patients with PTSD. We examined the differential relationships between PTSD symptom clusters (re-experiencing/avoidance) and attentional biases (toward/away from threat). Additionally, we performed a meta-regression analysis to examine the role of amygdala reactivity in the imbalance between re-experiencing and avoidance symptoms. Results We found that attentional bias toward threat was selectively associated with re-experiencing symptoms whereas attentional bias away from threat was selectively associated with avoidance symptoms. Meta-regression analysis based on twelve participant populations (total N = 316) revealed that left amygdala activity was positively correlated with the severity of re-experiencing symptoms relative to avoidance symptoms. Conclusions Our findings support the hypothesis that reciprocal inhibition of common neural circuits may underlie the switch between attentional biases toward and away from threat as well as that between re-experiencing and avoidance symptoms. Re-experiencing and avoidance/emotional numbing are the core symptoms used to distinguish between the non-dissociative and dissociative PTSD subtypes. The reciprocal inhibition mechanism may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying those PTSD subtypes.
ect of a seaweed extract from Ulva armoricana in pig : Speci fi c IgG and total IgA in colostrum , milk , and blood

The transfer of passive immunity from sows to piglets can be improved through the administration of immunostimulating products before farrowing. This study evaluated the immuno-stimulating effect of an algal sulfated polysaccharide extract (MSP extract) from the green algae Ulva armoricana when administrated orally to sows at the end of gestation. Four diets were tested: Control (no MSP extract), MSP1 (2 g/day of MSP extract), MSP2 (8 g/day), and MSP3 (16 g/day). The experimental diets were provided in two periods: before the last atrophic rhinitis vaccine booster, and a week before farrowing. Anti-Bordetella IgG antibodies were recorded in blood, colostrum, and milk, and total IgA were measured in colostrum and milk. Titer kinetics between the blood sampled before farrowing and colostrum displayed an increase in specific IgG for MSP3. Moreover, the MSP2 diet increased the level of total IgA in milk compared to the control group. Although the immuno-stimulating effect of MSP extract on piglet performance was not concurrent across the different supplementation levels, the present study supports the use of natural algae extract (MSP) as an immunomodulating solution in swine pro-
Cellular / Molecular Neuronal Morphology Generates High-Frequency Firing Resonance

X Srdjan Ostojic,1 Germán Szapiro,2,3,4 Eric Schwartz,2,3,4 Boris Barbour,2,3,4 Nicolas Brunel,6,7 and Vincent Hakim5 1Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 960, 2Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institute de Biologie (IBENS), 3Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8197, and 4INSERM Unité 1024, Paris, F-75005 France, 5Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, CNRS UMR 8550, Ecole Normale Supérieure, F-75231 Paris, France, and Departments of 6Statistics and 7Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
Human Trajectory Prediction using Adversarial Loss

Human trajectory prediction is an important prerequisite in safety-critical applications like autonomous driving. Capturing the subtle intricacies of human motion is a challenging task as human trajectories are multimodal i.e. given a past trajectory, multiple socially compliant future trajectories are possible. Various human trajectory prediction models have been proposed to capture the multimodality of human motion as well as the unspoken social rules of mobility. The current best performing approach is based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) taking advantage of the success of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) models in sequence prediction tasks. In this work, we provide a detailed analysis of incorporating adversarial loss in trajectory prediction task. In particular, we focus on improving the discriminator block of GAN framework. To this effect, we bring forth an unexpected pitfall in this state-of-the-art architecture via controlled experiments. We provide a plausible explanation for this shortcoming and propose a modification to the GAN discriminator. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed modification on both synthetic data and real world datasets, thereby indicating room for improvement on state-of-the-art.
Determinants of Labor Productivity in Manufacturing Firms of Iran : Emphasizing on Labor Education and Training

In an era of globalized competition, productivity has become a crucial factor determining profitability, competitiveness and the growth of a firm. High productivity means lower per unit cost and, therefore, ability of the firm to match prices on the global markets. Because of that, there has been an increasing interest recently in the literature on factors affecting productivity. This paper investigates the determinants of labor productivity at the firm level in the I ran’s manufacturing sector. The analysis is based on descriptive statistics and cross sectional regression models on a sample of 12299 Industrial firms. The results show that labor productivity is positively related to wage, fixed capital per employee, export orientation, R&D activity and Education of labor force. Key W or ds: Labor productivity, Industrial firms, Education, Training, Export, R&D JEL Classification: J24, L60, D23.
Document Binarization using Recurrent Attention Generative Model

We develop a general deep learning approach, by introducing a recurrent attention generative model with adversarial training to do image binarization which is an elementary pre-processing step in the document image analysis and recognition pipeline. The document binarization using recurrent attention generative(DB-RAM) model comprises three contributions: First, to suppress the interference from complex background, non-local attention blocks are incorporated to capture spatial long-range dependencies. Second, we explore the use of Spatial Recurrent Neural Networks (SRNNs) to pass spatially varying contextual information across an image, which leverages the prior knowledge of text orientation and semantics. Third, to validate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we further synthetically generate two comprehensive subtitle datasets that cover various real-world conditions. Evaluated on various standard benchmarks, our proposed method signiﬁcantly outperforms state-of-the-art binarization methods both quantitatively and qualitatively. The supplementary material also shows that the proposed method improves the recognition rate and also performs well in the task of image unshadowing, which evidently veriﬁes its generality.
SWP 2012 / 11 Executive Compensation and Regulation Imposed Corporate Governance : Evidence from the California Non-Profit Integrity Act ( 2004 )

This study focuses on the impact of the California Non-Profit Integrity Act (2004) on executive compensation costs in affected nonprofit organizations. We find that, for affected organizations, executive compensation costs during postregulation periods have gone up in comparison to control groups of comparable nonprofits that are not affected by the Act. Moreover, we find a relative deterioration in pay performance sensitivity for affected nonprofits. We do not find evidence to suggest that the observed increase in compensation is more pronounced for executives who were likely underpaid during the pre-Act period. Our findings thus raise questions with respect to the efficacy of the provisions of the Act aimed at ensuring that executive compensation is “just and reasonable” and draw attention to some unintended and costly consequences of regulatory attempts at improving governance.
21 – 29 GROUND BEETLE ( COLEOPTERA : CARABIDAE ) COMMUNITY OF ARABLE LAND WITH DIFFERENT CROPS

The aim of this study was to identify the structure of the ground beetle community of arable land and asses the potential influence of different crop types on variation of composition. This research was carried out at five sites of farmland in urban and suburban zones of the town of Prešov and Veľký Šariš in eastern Slovakia during the growing seasons 2010 and 2011 at an arable land under conventional farming systems. All together there were entrapped 10 459 specimens of ground beetles belonging to 68 species of the family Carabidae. As the dominant species, Poecilus cupreus (Linnaeus, 1758), Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798) and Pseudoophonus rufipes (De Geer, 1774) were identified. The arable land ground beetle community can be characterised as having low diversity and equitability, dominated by very eurytopic, nonspecific species of open habitats. In term of environmental quality, arable land presents an anthropogenically influenced, unstable and devastated biotope with low contribution to farmland biodiversity. The study did not show significant influence of crop type on the composition variation of the ground beetle community.
Title An alternative splicing switch in FLNB promotes the mesenchymal cell state in human breast cancer

Alternative splicing of mRNA precursors represents a key gene expression regulatory step and permits the generation of distinct protein products with diverse functions. In a genomescale expression screen for inducers of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we found a striking enrichment of RNA-binding proteins. We validated that QKI and RBFOX1 were necessary and sufficient to induce an intermediate mesenchymal cell state and increased tumorigenicity. Using RNA-seq and eCLIP analysis, we found that QKI and RBFOX1 coordinately regulated the splicing and function of the actin-binding protein FLNB, which plays a causal role in the regulation of EMT. Specifically, the skipping of FLNB exon 30 induced EMT by releasing the FOXC1 transcription factor. Moreover, skipping of FLNB exon 30 is strongly associated with EMT gene signatures in basal-like breast cancer patient samples. These observations identify a specific dysregulation of splicing, which regulates tumor cell plasticity and is frequently observed in human cancer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.37184. 001
Greenhouse gas exchange of tropical peatlands

This paper presents data on greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange of peat soils with emphasis on changes in emissions of gases during and following conversion of native tropical peatlands to grow oil palm and other crops. The relevant GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Establishment of plantations on peat requires drainage, which even if controlled, results in peat aeration and subsidence. Subsidence is mainly due to natural consolidation, often augmented by mechanical compaction, both manifested as increased bulk density, and to oxidation, which causes carbon to be released as CO2. Methods of distinguishing and quantifying these processes are discussed. Exchanges of CH4 and N2O are also affected by plantation development but the quantities involved are small and in some cases peat soils act as sinks and not sources, of these gases. There are seasonal changes in the fluxes related to both water table depth and rainfall, and emissions can be promoted by nitrogen application. Despite the higher global warming potentials of CH4 and N2O, GHG exchange of reclaimed peat in terms of CO2 equivalents is dominated by CO2 release. Methods of estimating CO2 fluxes are reviewed and their shortcomings are examined. The importance of adequately distinguishing between emission sources when evaluating carbon fluxes at the surface of peat soils is emphasised.
Growing up in Ireland: National longitudinal study of children- Development from birth to three years

Growing Up in Ireland is the national longitudinal study of children. Its core objectives include describing the children of Ireland, looking at how early experiences affect later outcomes and providing an evidence-base that can be used to inform child and family policies. It has two cohorts of children. The first is referred to as the Infant Cohort and is based on just over 11,000 children and their families. The families in this cohort were first interviewed between September 2008 and April 2009, when the study children were nine months old; a second interview took place between December 2010 and June 2011, when they were three years of age. It is these 9,793 children who are the subject of this report. This report and the Growing Up in Ireland study more generally, draws on Brohenbrenner's model (e.g. 1979) of the individual as developing within a series of contexts that vary in the strength of their influence, as well as interacting with each other. For example, parents (within the family context) control many of the key aspects of the child's everyday life but their parenting decisions and capacity may in turn be affected by the wider economic climate. The broad picture of the Study Children at three years of age presented in this report focuses first on the child's outcomes and well-being before considering three of the more influential contexts (parenting, childcare and financial circumstances) in which their development is taking place.
Institutional Ownership and Tax Avoidance: A Review Agency Theory

Differences in interests between owners and managers cause information submitted to financial statements to be incorrect. The interests of owners who want increased company performance and value cause managers to plan strategies, one of which is tax avoidance. Therefore, this study aims to determine the conflict of interest between managers and owners who are described through institutional ownership of tax avoidance practices. This research was conducted on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia and Singapore Stock Exchanges. The results of this study became the basis of tax avoidance practices that occurred in the two countries as an implication of agency theory.
Tilburg University Do Corporate Control and Product Market Competition Lead to Stronger Productivity Growth ? Evidence from Market-Oriented and Blockholder-Based Governance Regimes

This study investigates the impact of corporate governance and product market competition on total factor productivity growth for two large samples of German and UK firms. In poorly performing UK firms, the presence of strong outside blockholders lead to substantial increases in productivity. Contrarily, for German poorly performing and distressed firms, it is bank debt concentration which stimulates productivity growth. Whereas high bank debt concentration also supports productivity growth in German profitable firms, leverage is unrelated to productivity growth in UK firms. Weak product market competition in the UK has a negative impact on productivity growth of in both widely-held firms and concentrated firms with the exception of firms controlled insiders (directors). These seem able to generate productivity increases in firms subject to little market discipline. For profitable German firms, the relation between strong blockholder control and productivity growth is limited. Only control by banks, insurance firms and the government can somewhat reduce the negative effect of weak product market competition.
Human immunodeficiency virus and pulmonary tuberculosis co-infection: need for co-ordinated collaborative detection and treatment services.

HIV and tuberculosis are still healthcare problems in sub-Saharan Africa, with co-infection being common and having varying rates across Africa. This study prospectively analyzed the prevalence of TB among subjects sent for TB screening, and the prevalence of HIV infection among these patients. Smears were prepared from sputum samples and stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen method to detect acidfast bacilli (AFB). Patients were termed TB positive if at least two out of three smears were positive for AFB. HIV testing was offered to subjects who were unaware of their HIV statuses. Screening for HIV was done using ELISA kits and confirmed by Western blot. Out of 1047 subjects screened for TB, 126 subjects (12.03%; 95% CI: 10.06% - 14%) were positive for TB. There was a slight male preponderance of TB positive subjects. 61.1% of the AFB smear-positive subjects were between the ages of 21 and 40 years. Only 0.95% of the subjects were co-infected with HIV and TB, whilst 75.6% did not know their HIV statuses. Of the subjects who accepted HIV testing, 57 (8.66%) tested positive, and 36 of them were AFB smear-positive. With the additional HIV testing, the HIV-TB co-infection prevalence rose to 4.39%. HIV-TB co-infection rates are thus affected by the availability of opportunities for testing to the patients at risk; with a large proportion of TB patients unaware of their HIV statuses. There is an urgent need to institute integrated detection and treatment services for HIV and TB.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS WORKING PAPER SERIES Heterogeneous Focal Points , Fairness , and Coordination ♦

In games with multiple equilibria, the fairest equilibrium –in case one existsmay be the obvious solution for some players but not for others, and players can be aware of this heterogeneity. This paper theoretically explores how coordination could be achieved in this case. The model is consistent with abundant experimental evidence and explains, for instance, why (a) the attractiveness of the fair equilibrium, (b) out-of-equilibrium payoffs, (c) dominated strategies, and (d) the number of players and available strategies matter for coordination. The model is compared with alternative equilibrium selection criteria like risk and payoff dominance and ideas for new experiments are suggested.
Latvia. Soil quality and optimal growth conditions are essential for high-quality EFFECTS OF MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI GLOMUS MOSSEAE ON THE YIELD FORMATION OF TOMATOES

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are symbiotic soil fungi that colonize roots of the majority of vascular plants. So these fungi are important in agriculture too, because they improve plant water relations and increase mineral uptake, which reduces the use of fertilizers. The aim of our study was to assess the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae isolate LL1 on the growth and yield of tomatoes, as well as on soil biological activity. Plants from the cultivars ‘Taifun’, ‘Sultan’and ‘Jantar’ were grown from seeds. The fungus preparation was added under seeds during sowing. The control variant was without inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi. At the 2nd true leaf stage seedlings were planted in 10 L vegetation pots with peat substratum. Plants were grown in a greenhouse and fertilized every week with Yara-Kristalon (18-18-18+3). Fresh and dry weights were measured during plant growth. The biological activity of substratum was also determined. Results showed that Glomus mosseae stimulated seedling growth. The effect of inoculation with Glomus mosseae depended on the tomato cultivar. Among the tested cultivars, cv. ‘Jantar’ was most sensitive to mycorrhization. Mycorrhization of plants prolonged the period of harvesting and mitigated fluctuations of substratum biological activity.
Análise das características clinicopatológicas de carcinomas espinocelulares orais e pacientes jovens provenientes de Cascavel - Paraná = Analysis of clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma in young patients from Cascavel - Paraná

O carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) e considerado uma doenca relativamente incomum em pacientes com idade inferior a 40 anos e existem especulacoes que este tumor apresenta um comportamento biologico mais agressivo neste grupo. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o perfil clinicopatologico de pacientes jovens (≤ 40 anos) com CEC oral e correlaciona-lo com o de um grupo controle (≥ 50 anos) atraves de quatro sistemas de gradacao histopatologica – (1) Sistema da Organizacao Mundial de Saude – Sistema OMS, (2) Sistema de Gradacao de Malignidade de Margens Invasivas Profundas – Sistema MG, (3) Modelo de Risco Histologico – Sistema HR e (4) Escore de risco BD. Foram selecionados 14 pacientes jovens e 14 pacientes controle com similar estadiamento clinico e localizacao do tumor. Dados demograficos e clinicos foram obtidos de prontuarios de pacientes e os cortes histologicos das pecas cirurgicas emblocadas em parafina foram avaliados de acordo com os quatro sistemas de gradacao. As associacoes entre as categorias foram realizadas atraves do teste de Qui-quadrado ou teste Exato de Fischer. As analises de sobrevida foram realizadas de acordo com o metodo de Kaplan-Meier. A comparacao entre os grupos mostrou maior associacao de modalidades de tratamento em pacientes jovens (p=0.022) e que estes apresentaram maior taxa de recidiva local e metastase regional (p=0.018 / OR= 3.998). Pacientes jovens tiveram menor sobrevida livre de doenca em 5 anos (p=0.069). Nao houve diferenca na sobrevida global em 5 anos entre grupos estudados (p=0.376). Nao houve diferenca na gradacao histologica entre os grupos estudados de acordo com os quatro sistemas utilizados (OMS, MG, HR e BD). Nos sistemas HR e BD mais tumores foram classificados como de alto risco prognostico que nos sistemas OMS e MG. Este estudo mostrou que, apesar de o grau de diferenciacao histologica dos tumores ter sido semelhante entre os grupos e terem sido utilizadas mais modalidades terapeuticas (cirurgia, radioterapia e quimioterapia adjuvantes) no grupo jovem, maior incidencia de recidivas e metastases foi observado em pacientes jovens, mostrando uma tendencia de um comportamento mais agressivo. Abstract