Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A values-driven and evidence-based health care psychology for diverse sex development

The integration of psychology into multidisciplinary care for people affected by ‘disorders of sex development’ is acknowledged in most recent care standard documents. However, psychological evidence that can inform service development is currently insubstantial for specific reasons, some of which are outlined in this article. We argue for psychological activities and their prioritisation to be equally driven by the professional values embedded in clinical psychology and to seek user input in key activities. These values include critical engagement with research literature, theoretically informed question and problem formulation, development of interventions to boost health and well-being, honouring of personal agency, equality and diversity, team development facilitation, psychological education and training for non-psychologists, audit and research that can benefit patients and contribution to social change. We outline target areas that reflect these values and, where possible, draw on empirical evidence developed in diverse sex development (DSD) and other clinical contexts to support our recommendations.
How to Catch the Consumers’ Heart: emotional effect of advertisements on buying behaviour

Commercials are a type of marketing communication, of which mechanism theories have been widely studied. The studied mechanism theories mainly included two viewpoints: cognitive and affective. One of the affective effect viewpoints is the evaluative conditioning theory. According to this theory, the emotions invoked by advertisements will also present to the neutral logo of prosducts combined with advertisements, which influence the consumers’ shopping behavior. The current study explored if the evaluative conditioning can provide new insights about the effectiveness of commercials, by conducting one experiment. The experiment included two phases: a conditioning acquiring phase in which emotional videos were matched to certain neutral logos, and a testing phase which consisted of a virtual online shopping experience. Both physiological data and self-report data of arousal and valence were recorded. The emotional arousal and valence’s effect on the participants’ choice in virtual online shopping were analyzed using a binary logistic model. The valence effect was not found neither with the physiological and the self-report data. The arousal effect was found based on the self-report data. Based on the results, it is suggested that evaluative conditioning does no influence people’s shopping behavior, while the arousal level may affect people’s shopping behavior.
Circadian clock regulation of mRNA translation through eukaryotic elongation factor eEF-2

Significance The circadian clock controls daily rhythms in genes involved in a wide range of biological processes, including signal transduction, cell division, metabolism, and behavior. The primary focus on understanding clock control of gene expression has been at the level of transcription. However, in many systems, there are examples of proteins that accumulate rhythmically from transcripts that are constitutively expressed. These data suggested that the clock regulates translation, but the underlying mechanisms were largely unknown. We show that the clock in Neurospora crassa controls the activity of translation elongation factor-2 (eEF-2) and that regulation of translation elongation leads to rhythmic translation in vitro and in vivo. These studies uncover a mechanism for controlling rhythmic protein accumulation. The circadian clock has a profound effect on gene regulation, controlling rhythmic transcript accumulation for up to half of expressed genes in eukaryotes. Evidence also exists for clock control of mRNA translation, but the extent and mechanisms for this regulation are not known. In Neurospora crassa, the circadian clock generates daily rhythms in the activation of conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways when cells are grown in constant conditions, including rhythmic activation of the well-characterized p38 osmosensing (OS) MAPK pathway. Rhythmic phosphorylation of the MAPK OS-2 (P-OS-2) leads to temporal control of downstream targets of OS-2. We show that osmotic stress in N. crassa induced the phosphorylation of a eukaryotic elongation factor-2 (eEF-2) kinase, radiation sensitivity complementing kinase-2 (RCK-2), and that RCK-2 is necessary for high-level phosphorylation of eEF-2, a key regulator of translation elongation. The levels of phosphorylated RCK-2 and phosphorylated eEF-2 cycle in abundance in wild-type cells but not in cells deleted for OS-2 or the core clock component FREQUENCY (FRQ). Translation extracts from cells grown in constant conditions show decreased translational activity in the late subjective morning, coincident with the peak in eEF-2 phosphorylation, and rhythmic translation of glutathione S-transferase (GST-3) from constitutive mRNA levels in vivo is dependent on circadian regulation of eEF-2 activity. In contrast, rhythms in phosphorylated eEF-2 levels are not necessary for rhythms in accumulation of the clock protein FRQ, indicating that clock control of eEF-2 activity promotes rhythmic translation of specific mRNAs.
Glucagon is a primary controller of hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis during muscular work.

The effects of the exercise-induced rise in glucagon were studied during 2.5 h of treadmill exercise in 18-h fasted dogs. Five dogs were studied during paired experiments in which pancreatic hormones were clamped at basal levels during a control period (using somatostatin and intraportal hormone replacement), then altered during exercise to stimulate the normal exercise-induced fall in insulin, while glucagon was 1) increased to mimic its normal exercise-induced rise (SG) and 2) maintained at a basal level (BG). Six additional dogs were studied as described with saline infusion alone (C). Gluconeogenesis (GNG) and glucose production (Ra) were measured using tracers [( 3-3H]glucose and [U-14C]alanine) and arteriovenous differences. Glucose fell slightly during exercise in C and was infused in SG and BG so as to mimic the response in C. Glucagon rose from 60 +/- 3 and 74 +/- 5 pg/ml to 118 +/- 14 and 122 +/- 17 pg/ml with exercise in C and SG and was unchanged from basal in BG (67 +/- 6 pg/ml). In C, SG, and BG, insulin fell during exercise by 5 +/- 1, 6 +/- 1, and 6 +/- 1 microU/ml. Ra rose from 3.3 +/- 0.2 and 3.0 +/- 0.2 mg.kg-1.min-1 to 8.6 +/- 0.8 and 9.5 +/- 1.5 mg.kg-1.min-1 with exercise in C and SG, but from only 3.0 +/- 0.2 to 5.5 +/- 0.8 mg.kg-1.min-1 in BG. GNG increased by 248 +/- 38 and 183 +/- 75% with exercise in C and SG but by only 56 +/- 21% in BG. Intrahepatic gluconeogenic efficiency was also enhanced by the rise in glucagon increasing by 338 +/- 55 and 198 +/- 52% in C and SG but by only 54 +/- 46% in BG. The rise in hepatic fractional alanine extraction was 0.38 +/- 0.04 and 0.33 +/- 0.04 during exercise in C and SG and only 0.08 +/- 0.06 in BG. Ra was increased beyond that which could be explained by effects on GNG alone, hence hepatic glycogenolysis must have also been enhanced by the rise in glucagon. In conclusion, in the dog, the exercise-induced rise in glucagon 1) controls approximately 65% of the increase in Ra, 2) increases hepatic glycogenolysis and GNG, and 3) enhances GNG by stimulating precursor extraction by the liver and precursor conversion to glucose within the liver.
Strategies in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains a significant problem in the hospital setting, with very high morbidity, mortality, and cost. We performed an evidence-based review of the literature focusing on clinically relevant pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions to prevent VAP. Owing to the importance of this condition the implementation of preventive measures is paramount in the care of mechanically ventilated patients. There is evidence that these measures decrease the incidence of VAP and improve outcomes in the intensive care unit. A multidisciplinary approach, continued education, and ventilator protocols ensure the implementation of these measures. Future research will continue to investigate cost/benefit relationships, antibiotic resistance, as well as newer technologies to prevent contamination and aspiration in mechanically ventilated patients.
The Glutamine Hydrolysis Function of Human GMP Synthetase

GMP synthetase (EC 6.3.5.2) is an amidotransferase that catalyzes the amination of xanthosine 5′-monophosphate to form GMP in the presence of glutamine and ATP. Glutamine hydrolysis produces the necessary amino group while ATP hydrolysis drives the reaction. Ammonia can also serve as an amino group donor. GMP synthetase contains two functional domains, which are well coordinated. The “glutamine amide transfer” or glutaminase domain is responsible for glutamine hydrolysis. The synthetase domain is responsible for ATP hydrolysis and GMP formation. Inorganic pyrophosphate inhibits the synthetase and uncouples the two domain functions by allowing glutamine hydrolysis to take place in the absence of ATP hydrolysis or GMP formation. Acivicin, a glutamine analog, selectively abolishes the glutaminase activity. It inhibits the synthetase activity only when glutamine is the amino donor. When ammonia is used in place of glutamine, acivicin has no effect on the synthetase activity. Acivicin inhibits GMP synthetase irreversibly by covalent modification. Enzyme inactivation is greatly facilitated by the presence of substrates. Acivicin labels GMP synthetase at a single site, and a tryptic peptide containing the modified residue was isolated. Mass spectrometry and Edman sequence analysis show that Cys is the site of modification. This residue is conserved among GMP synthetases and is located within a predicted glutamine amide transfer domain. These data suggest that Cys is an essential residue involved in the hydrolysis of glutamine to produce an amino group and is not needed for the hydrolysis of ATP or amination of xanthosine 5′-monophosphate to produce GMP.
Subsequent malignancies in children and adolescents after treatment for Hodgkin's disease.

PURPOSE We assessed the cumulative risk of malignancies following treatment for Hodgkin's disease in childhood and adolescence and investigated related patient and treatment characteristics. PATIENTS AND METHODS Medical records of 499 Hodgkin's disease patients treated between 1962 and 1993 were reviewed. There were 385 adolescents (> or = 10 years of age at diagnosis) and 114 preadolescents (< 10 years). Most patients (n = 346) were treated with radiation plus multiagent chemotherapy, while 30 received only chemotherapy and 123 only radiation therapy. Radiation doses ranged from 20 to 42 Gy. RESULTS At a median follow-up duration of 9 years (range, 0.1 to 27.4), 25 patients have had second malignancies: 19 solid tumors, four acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias (ANLLs), 1 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and one chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Three patients have had a third malignancy. The estimated cumulative risk of second malignancies increased from 1.5% at 5 years to 7.7% at 15 years. All but two of the patients with second malignancies were > or = 10 years of age at initial diagnosis, which reflects the higher risk among patients treated for Hodgkin's disease as adolescents (P = .01). Second malignancies were more common among female patients (P = .0002), even when those breast cancer were excluded (P = .007), and in those treated for recurrent Hodgkin's disease (P = .02). Patients with ANLL/NHL were older at diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease than those with solid tumors, (median age, 18.3 v 13.8 years; P = .04). There was no difference between groups treated with radiation therapy alone, chemotherapy alone, or radiation plus multiagent chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Adolescents treated for Hodgkin's disease are at greater at risk of second malignancies than younger patients. Overall, adolescent females treated for recurrent Hodgkin's disease appear to be at greatest risk, while preadolescents appear to be protected from this late complication.
Association of anxiety with reduced baroreflex cardiac control in patients after acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND Although depression has been associated with increased mortality in patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), little is known about the effects of depression on autonomic nervous system control of heart rate. This study evaluated whether depression is associated with impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in patients with AMI. METHODS Two hundred four hospitalized patients with AMI were evaluated 6 +/- 3 (mean +/- SD) days after AMI. BRS was assessed using cross-spectral analysis to measure baroreceptor-mediated R-R interval oscillations. Depression was determined using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, and severity of depressive symptoms was measured with the Beck Depression Inventory. In order to adjust for possible differences in anxiety, we also measured state anxiety using the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS Depression was not significantly related to BRS. However, anxiety was significantly related to low BRS in multivariate analysis, after the potentially confounding variables of age, blood pressure, and respiratory frequency were controlled for. Comparison of groups with high and low anxiety (on the basis of a median split of state anxiety scores) showed that BRS was reduced by approximately 20% in the patients with the higher anxiety scores (4.7 +/- 3.2 ms/mm Hg vs 5.7 +/- 3.3 ms/mm Hg, P <.05), after adjustment for differences in age, blood pressure, and respiratory frequency. CONCLUSIONS High levels of anxiety, but not depression, are associated with reduced vagal control in patients after AMI.
Evaluation of 15 Biparental STR Loci in Human Identification and Genetic Study of the Kannada-Speaking Groups of India

Thirteen tetranucleotide and 2 pentanucleotide repeat units were analyzed in 167 unrelated Kannada-speaking individuals belonging to 3 important communities, namely, Kuruva, Bhovi, and Christians, residing in different districts of Karnataka, India. Allele frequency data obtained from the analysis of 15 short tandem report (STR) markers of the subpopulation groups included in the study were observed to be similar, indicating a common ancestry or gene flow among these communities. Departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed in Kuruva population at locus D5S818 and D18S51 and at locus CSF1PO in the Christian community. The data of these communities were analyzed with allele frequency data of 4 other populations from Karnataka, India–Iyengar Brahmin, Gowda, Lingayat, and Muslim–to compute the combined power of discrimination, ranged from 0.962 to 0.974, with negligible difference between populations. The combined power of exclusion, however, remained constant at 0.999 for all populations evaluated in the study. Thus, the 15 markers selected for this study were found to be highly suitable in human identification and for providing information on genetic polymorphism.
Aesthetic Sports as High-Risk Contexts for Eating Disorders — Young Elite Dancers and Gymnasts Perspectives

This is the first study developed in Portugal which investigates specific characteristics of dance and gymnastics environments that make them high-risk contexts for the development of eating disorders. Four focus groups were conducted with thirteen ballet students from a professional dance school and nine gymnasts from a gymnastics club (aged 12 to 17 years old), which were subjected to an inductive-deductive analysis procedure. Specific risk and protective factors were identified. Among their respective sources of influence, teachers and coaches are those who exert a stronger influence upon young athletes. We also explored some themes related to the influence of peers, parents, and environmental characteristics, which could have an important role on the development or prevention of disordered eating. Este es el primer estudio realizado en Portugal que tiene como objetivo investigar las características específicas que en el mundo de la danza y de la gimnasia pudieran ser factores de alto riesgo para el desarrollo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Se realizaron cuatro grupos focales con trece estudiantes de danza profesional y nueve gimnastas (de 12 a 17 años). Las transcripciones de los grupos focales fueron sometidas a un procedimiento de análisis inductivo-deductivo. Se identificaron factores de riesgo y protectores específicos. Entre las respectivas fuentes de influencia, los profesores y entrenadores son los que ejercen mayor influencia sobre los jóvenes atletas. También se exploraron algunos temas relacionados con la influencia que tienen compañeros, padres y las características del entorno deportivo; los cuales pueden tener un importante rol tanto en el desarrollo como en la prevención de comportamientos alimentarios alterados.
An evidence-based algorithm for the treatment of neuropathic pain.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to discuss an evidence-based algorithm that can be implemented by the primary care physician in his/her daily clinical practice for the treatment of patients with neuropathic pain conditions. METHOD A treatment algorithm for neuropathic pain was formulated on the basis of a review of 105 high-quality, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. The number needed to treat (NNT) and number needed to harm (NNH) were used to compare the safety and effectiveness of current treatments for neuropathic pain syndromes. Most of the clinical trials reviewed in the analysis assessed tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). RESULTS TCAs had the lowest NNT followed by opioids and AEDs, such as gabapentin and pregabalin. The nature of the retrospective calculation of the NNT and NNH involves obvious limitations because of the pooling of studies with different experimental designs and outcomes. CONCLUSION Patients presenting with neuropathic pain are becoming a more frequent occurrence for the primary care physician as the population ages. Evidence-based treatment options allow for the most efficient and effective pharmacotherapy regimen to be implemented.
Metabolism of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos oxon by human hepatocytes *

The metabolism of chlorpyrifos (CPS) and chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO) by human hepatocytes and human liver S9 fractions was investigated using LC‐MS/MS. Cytochrome P450 (CYP)‐dependent and phase II‐related products were determined following incubation with CPS and CPO. CYP‐related products, 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol (TCP), diethyl thiophosphate, and dealkylated CPS, were found following CPS treatment and dealkylated CPO following CPO treatment. Diethyl phosphate was not identified because of its high polarity and lack of retention with the chromatographic conditions employed. Phase II‐related conjugates, including O‐ and S‐glucuronides as well as 11 GSH‐derived metabolites, were identified in CPS‐treated human hepatocytes, although the O‐sulfate of TCP conjugate was found only when human liver S9 fractions were used as the enzyme source. O‐Glucuronide of TCP was also identified in CPO‐treated hepatocytes. CPS and CPO were identified using HPLC–UV after CPS metabolism by the human liver S9 fraction. However, CPO was not found following treatment of human hepatocytes with either CPS or CPO. These results suggest that human liver plays an important role in detoxification, rather than activation, of CPS. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 20:279–291, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20145
The association of cigarette smoking with serum TSH concentration and thyroperoxidase antibody.

BACKGROUND Although several studies have found an association between tobacco smoking and thyroid disorders such as Graves' disease, Graves' ophtalmopathy, goiter and thyroid multi nodularity, the effect of smoking on thyroid function is controversial. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between smoking and serum TSH concentration and the presence of thyroperoxidase antibody (TPO Ab) in Tehranian adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this cross sectional community based survey, 1,581 randomly selected subjects with no history of thyroid disorders were studied within the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Serum TSH and TPOAb were measured in a fasting serum sample. Weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Smokers were classified into ever and never smokers based on the declaration of participants. RESULTS Mean Ln TSH values in the ever smoker (0.36±0.82) was significantly lower than the never smoker (0.6±0.82) group (p<0.001) even after adjustment for age and BMI. The odds ratio for hypothyroidism (TSH>5.8) was 0.4 in the ever smoker group compared to the never one (odds ratio 0.4, 95% CI=0.2-0.8). The frequency of positive TPOAb in never smokers was significantly higher than ever smokers (%13.5 vs. % 6.7, p<0.001). CONCLUSION The results suggest that smoking is associated with decreased serum TSH concentrations, lower risk of hypothyroidism and possibly with a lower frequency of thyroid auto immunity.
Biomechanical Analysis of an Ovine Rotator Cuff Repair via Porous Patch Augmentation in a Chronic Rupture Model

Background Rotator cuff repair is a commonly performed procedure, but many of these repairs fail in the postoperative term. Despite advances in surgical methods to optimize the repair, failure rates still persist clinically, thereby suggesting the need for novel mechanical or biological augmentation strategies. Nonresorbable implants provide an appealing approach because patch materials may confer acute mechanical stability and act as a conductive scaffold for tissue ingrowth at the site of the tendon insertion. Hypothesis The polyurethane scaffold mesh will confer greater biomechanical function relative to a nonaugmented repair after 12 weeks in vivo using a chronic ovine model of rotator cuff repair. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods After development of the chronic rupture model, the tensile failure properties of the nonresorbable mesh-augmented repair (n, 9) were compared with those of a surgical control in an ovine model (n, 8). Results Rotator cuff repair with the scaffold mesh in the chronic model resulted in a significant 74.2% increase in force at failure relative to the nonaugmented surgical control (P = .021). Apparent increases in stiffness (55.4%) and global displacement at failure (21.4%) in the mesh-augmented group relative to nonaugmented controls were not significant (P = .126 and P = .123, respectively). At the study endpoint, the augmented shoulders recovered 37.8% and 40.7% of the force at failure and stiffness, respectively, of intact, nonoperated controls. Conclusion Using the previously described chronic rupture model, this study demonstrated that repair of a chronic tendon tear with the polyurethane scaffold mesh provides greater mechanical strength in the critical healing period than that of traditional suture anchor repair. Clinical Relevance This device could be used to enhance the surgical repair of the rotator cuff and consequently improve long-term clinical outcome.
Channel equalization via channel identification: algorithms and simulation results for rapidly fading HF channels

The problem of channel equalization via channel identification (CEQCID) that has previously been considered by a handful of researchers is explored further. An efficient algorithm for mapping the channel parameters to the equalizers coefficients is proposed. The proposed scheme is compared with a lattice least squares (LS) based receivers. For the particular application of the high frequency (HF) radio channels, we find that the CEQCID has lower computational complexity. In terms of the tracking performance, also, the CEQCID has been found to be superior to the LS based receivers. We emphasize on the implementation of a fractionally tap-spaced decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and compare that with the T-spaced DFE. We show that the former is a better choice for the multipath HF channels.