Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytic calculation of magnetic field and electromagnetic performances of spoke type IPM topologies with auxiliary magnets

This paper presents a 2D analytical method based on subdomain model for the computation of magnetic field and electromagnetic performances in spoke-type interior permanent-magnet motor (IPM) topologies. The conventional spoke-type IPM rotor is constituted with ferrite permanent magnets magnetized in tangential direction. To maximize the torque density, auxiliary ferrite magnets magnetized in radial direction are inserted in the center of the conventional spoke-type IPM rotor in different way to get different topologies. Obtained analytical results are verified with those issued from finite element method (FEM) and a comparison is done between the topologies.
Market effects on electronic health record adoption by physicians

Background: Despite the advantages of electronic health record (EHR) systems, the adoption of these systems has been slow among community-based physicians. Current studies have examined organizational and personal barriers to adoption; however, the influence of market characteristics has not been studied. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of market characteristics on EHR adoption by physicians. Methodology: Generalized hierarchal linear modeling was used to analyze EHR survey data from Florida which were combined with data from the Area Resource File and the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation. The main outcome variable was self-reported use of EHR by physicians. Findings: A total of 2,926 physicians from practice sizes of 20 or less were included in the sample. Twenty-one percent (n = 613) indicated that they personally and routinely use an EHR system in their practice. Physicians located in counties with higher physician concentration were found to be more likely to adopt EHRs. For every one-unit increase in nonfederal physicians per 10,000 in the county, there was a 2.0% increase in likelihood of EHR adoption by physicians (odds ratio = 1.02, confidence interval = 1.00-1.03). Health maintenance organization penetration rate and poverty level were not found to be significantly related to EHR adoption. However, practice size, years in practice, Medicare payer mix, and measures of technology readiness were found to independently influence physician adoption. Practice Implications: Market factors play an important role in the diffusion of EHRs in small medical practices. Policy makers interested in furthering the adoption of EHRs must consider strategies that would enhance the confidence of users as well as provide financial support in areas with the highest concentration of small medical practices and Medicare beneficiaries. Health care leaders should be cognizant of the market forces that enable or constrain the adoption of EHR among their practices and those of their competitors.
Multiple marker parallel tag environmental DNA sequencing reveals a highly complex eukaryotic community in marine anoxic water

Sequencing of ribosomal DNA clone libraries amplified from environmental DNA has revolutionized our understanding of microbial eukaryote diversity and ecology. The results of these analyses have shown that protist groups are far more genetically heterogeneous than their morphological diversity suggests. However, the clone library approach is labour‐intensive, relatively expensive, and methodologically biased. Therefore, even the most intensive rDNA library analyses have recovered only small samples of much larger assemblages, indicating that global environments harbour a vast array of unexplored biodiversity. High‐throughput parallel tag 454 sequencing offers an unprecedented scale of sampling for molecular detection of microbial diversity. Here, we report a 454 protocol for sampling and characterizing assemblages of eukaryote microbes. We use this approach to sequence two SSU rDNA diversity markers—the variable V4 and V9 regions—from 10 L of anoxic Norwegian fjord water. We identified 38 116 V4 and 15 156 V9 unique sequences. Both markers detect a wide range of taxonomic groups but in both cases the diversity detected was dominated by dinoflagellates and close relatives. Long‐tailed rank abundance curves suggest that the 454 sequencing approach provides improved access to rare genotypes. Most tags detected represent genotypes not currently in GenBank, although many are similar to database sequences. We suggest that current understanding of the ecological complexity of protist communities, genetic diversity, and global species richness are severely limited by the sequence data hitherto available, and we discuss the biological significance of this high amplicon diversity.
A closer look at the relationships between panic attacks, emergency department visits and non-cardiac chest pain

This study examined the prevalence of emergency department visits prompted by panic attacks in patients with non-cardiac chest pain. A validated structured telephone interview was used to assess panic attacks and their association with the emergency department consultation in 1327 emergency department patients with non-cardiac chest pain. Patients reported at least one panic attack in the past 6 months in 34.5 per cent (95% confidence interval: 32.0%–37.1%) of cases, and 77.1 per cent (95% confidence interval: 73.0%–80.7%) of patients who reported panic attacks had visited the emergency department with non-cardiac chest pain following a panic attack. These results indicate that panic attacks may explain a significant proportion of emergency department visits for non-cardiac chest pain.
The potential site of disordered gallbladder contractility during the early stage of cholesterol gallstone formation.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Feeding a high cholesterol diet to dogs causes a reduction in gallbladder smooth muscle contractility with a consequent stasis. Gallbladder stasis is an important link between the hepatic secretion of cholesterol saturated bile and the formation of cholesterol gallstones. METHODOLOGY In this study we tried to localize the probable site of gallbladder smooth muscle dysfunction in a well established animal model of cholesterol gallstone disease. Adult male dogs were fed either a high or low cholesterol diet (control group). Strips of gallbladder smooth muscle for tension development were stimulated with two groups of agonists and dose response curves were plotted for all agonists used. RESULTS The forces developed in response to the first group of agonists, the cell membrane-active agonists, e.g. acetylcholine, cholecystokinin, and potassium chloride were decreased in high cholesterol fed dogs with an increased cholesterol saturation of bile when compared to the control group. On the other hand, the contractile response showed non-significant differences between the test and the control group on using the second group of agonists that bypass the intact sarcolemmal membrane and stimulate directly either the contractile mechanism, e.g. barium, or the intracellular signal transduction pathways e.g. aluminum fluoride. CONCLUSION We conclude that the smooth muscle defect responsible for disordered gallbladder contractility in high cholesterol fed dogs most probably involves the sarcolemmal membrane.
Practice Patterns and Guideline Adherence in the Management of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Background. Current data are limited on compliance with guidelines for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods. A survey assessing compliance with ADHD guidelines for diagnosis and management was distributed to pediatricians in a practice research network. Comparisons were made by practitioner characteristics. Results. In all, 42/76 surveys were returned (55%). Respondents largely adhered to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines. A lower percentage reported compliance for rescreening with a standardized tool (80%), use of electrocardiograms (78% rarely use), and the use of routine additional testing (80% rarely use). Academic practitioners were more likely to rescreen (100% vs 79%, P < .05). Private practitioners more often used newer therapeutic agents (7% vs 44%, P < .01). Older graduates were more comfortable diagnosing at a young age (93% vs 56%, P < .01) and were more comfortable using sleep agents (60% vs 15%, P < .01). Conclusion. Pediatricians largely adhered to AAP guidelines. These findings support changes made to the guidelines in 2011. Differences in practice patterns exist by practitioner experience, location, and practice type.
Visual Binding of English and Chinese Word Parts is Limited to Low Temporal Frequencies

Some perceptual mechanisms manifest high temporal precision, allowing reports of visual information even when that information is restricted to windows smaller than 50 ms. Other visual judgments are limited to much coarser time scales. What about visual information extracted at late processing stages, for which we nonetheless have perceptual expertise, such as words? Here, the temporal limits on binding together visual word parts were investigated. In one trial, either the word ‘ball’ was alternated with ‘deck’, or ‘dell’ was alternated with ‘back’, with all stimuli presented at fixation. These stimuli restrict the time scale of the rod identities because the two sets of alternating words form the same image at high alternation frequencies. Observers made a forced choice between the two alternatives. Resulting 75% thresholds are restricted to 5 Hz or less for words and nonword letter strings. A similar result was obtained in an analogous experiment with Chinese participants viewing alternating Chinese characters. These results support the theory that explicit perceptual access to visual information extracted at late stages is limited to coarse time scales.
Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation: I. A Standardized Protocol and Normative Database

Dynamic tests of trunk strength and lifting capacity have become more popular in recent years, offering certain advantages over static isometric tests in measuring patient progress in functional restoration programs for spinal disorders. However, equipment for performing such tests is expensive to buy, complex to run, and requires technical expertise and clinical volume unavailable in most physician offices. In this study, a new dynamic test known as Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation (PILE) is described, which draws upon prior psychophysical and isoinertial methods. An industrial sample of 61 male and 31 female incumbent workers were tested using the PILE, and a variety of anthropometric normalizing factors were evaluated. The isolation of an “Adjusted Weight” (AW) normalizing factor is documented, after which normative data are presented for male and female workers utilizing lumbar (0–30 inches) and cervical (30–54 inches) dynamic protocols.
DISC ELECTROPHORESIS. I. BACKGROUND AND THEORY.

Although electrophoresis is one of the most effective methods for the separation of ionic components of a mixture, the resolving power of different electrophoretic methods is quite variable. To separate two component ions, it is necessary to permit migration to continue until one of the kinds of ions has traveled at least one thickness of the volumes that it initially occupied (the starting zone) further than the other. However, the sharpness, and therefore the resolution, of the zones occupied by each ion diminishes with time because of the spreading of the zones as a result of diffusion. Remarkable resolution has been achieved when advantage is taken of the frictional properties of gels to aid separation by seiving at the molecular level (see Smithies l). A new method, disc electrophoresis, † has been designed that takes advantage of the adjustability of the pore size of a synthetic gel and that automatically produces starting zones of the order of 10 microns thickness from initial volumes with thicknesses of the order of centimeters. High resolution is thus achieved in very brief runs. With this technique, over 20 serum proteins are routinely separated from a sample of whole human serum as small as one microliter in a 20-minute run (see FIGURE 1). Direct analysis of even very dilute samples becomes routine because the various ions are automatically concentrated to fixed high values at the beginning of the run just prior to separation. Preliminary laboratory studies and theoretic considerations provide evidence of the applicability of this technique to a wide range of ionic species for both analytic and large-scale preparative purposes. Theory has also provided the basis for a simple application of disc electrophoresis to the simultaneous determination of both the free mobility and the aqueous diffusion constant of a protein. This report will detail some mechanisms that provide a rationale for the resolution afforded by zone electrophoresis in many gels; will develop the theory of some new modifications of zone electrophoresis that have been designed to take maximum advantage of these mechanisms; and will provide some examples of the results that disc electrophoresis has produced.
The limits of fine‐scale mapping

When a novel genetic trait arises in a population, it introduces a signal in the haplotype distribution of that population. Through recombination that signal's history becomes differentiated from the DNA distant to it, but remains similar to the DNA close by. Fine‐scale mapping techniques rely on this differentiation to pinpoint trait loci. In this study, we analyzed the differentiation itself to better understand how much information is available to these techniques. Simulated alleles on known recombinant coalescent trees show the upper limit for fine‐scale mapping. Varying characteristics of the population being studied increase or decrease this limit. The initial uncertainty in map position has the most direct influence on the final precision of the estimate, with wider initial areas resulting in wider final estimates, though the increase is sigmoidal rather than linear. The Θ of the trait (4Nμ) is also important, with lower values for Θ resulting in greater precision of trait placement up to a point—the increase is sigmoidal as Θ decreases. Collecting data from more individuals can increase precision, though only logarithmically with the total number of individuals, so that each added individual contributes less to the final precision. However, a case/control analysis has the potential to greatly increase the effective number of individuals, as the bulk of the information lies in the differential between affected and unaffected genotypes. If haplotypes are unknown due to incomplete penetrance, much information is lost, with more information lost the less indicative phenotype is of the underlying genotype. Genet. Epidemiol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Homelessness and access to the informational mainstream

Purpose – This paper aims to explore how homelessness affects access to information serving higher‐level needs such as identity formation and social interaction.Design/methodology/approach – A multi‐disciplinary literature review informed the design of 18 semi‐structured interviews as well as their subsequent analysis. The interview data were intended to be qualitative and exploratory since they addressed a perceived gap in the information and library science literature.Findings – Findings present the ways in which interviewees managed to access information and the way such information helps socialisation and well‐being.Research limitations/implications – The study focused on individuals who were potentially more confident and resourceful. The study is also limited to Glasgow which has relatively good provision for the homeless. Further research in a different locale and among less confident individuals would be necessary to corroborate findings in this regard.Practical implications – The findings confirm.
Regulation of the alginate biosynthesis gene algC in Pseudomonas aeruginosa during biofilm development in continuous culture

Reporter gene technology was used to observe the regulation of the alginate biosynthesis gene, algC in a mucoid strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in developing and mature biofilms in continuous culture on Teflon and glass substrata. The plasmid pNZ63, carrying an algC-lacZ transcriptional fusion, was shown to not be diluted in continuous culture over a period of 25 days in the absence of selection pressure. Biofilm cells under bulk phase steady-state conditions demonstrated fluctuations in algC expression over a 16-day period, but no trend of increased or decreased expression over the time interval was indicated. In vivo detection of algC up-expression in developing biofilms was performed with a fluorogenic substrate for the plasmid-borne lacZ gene product (beta-galactosidase) by using microscopy coupled with image analysis. By this technique, cells were tracked over time and analyzed for algC activity. During the initial stages of biofilm development, cells already attached to a glass surface for at least 15 min exhibited up-expression of algC, detectable as the development of whole-cell fluorescence. However, initial cell attachment to the substratum appeared to be independent of algC promoter activity. Furthermore, cells not exhibiting algC up-expression were shown to be less capable of remaining at a glass surface under flowing conditions than were cells in which algC up-expression was detected.
Oxidative stress and platelet activation in subjects with moderate hyperhomocysteinaemia due to MTHFR 677 C→T polymorphism

Summary The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677 C→T polymorphism may be associated with elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) levels, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It was the study objective to evaluate in vivo lipid peroxidation and platelet activation in carriers of the MTHFR 677 C→T polymorphism and in non-carriers, in relation to tHcy and folate levels. A cross-sectional comparison of urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin (PG)F2α and 11-dehydro-thromboxane (TX)B2 (markers of in vivo lipid peroxidation and platelet activation, respectively) was performed in 100 carriers and 100 non-carriers of the polymorphism. A methionine-loading test and folic acid supplementation were performed to investigate the causal relationship of the observed associations. Urinary 8-iso-PGF2α and 11-dehydro-TXB2 were higher in carriers with hyperhomocysteinaemia than in those without hyperhomocysteinaemia (p<0.0001). Hyperhomocysteinaemic carriers had lower folate levels (p=0.0006), higher urinary 8-iso-PGF2α (p<0.0001) and 11-dehydro-TXB2 (p<0.0001) than hyperhomocysteinaemic non-carriers. On multiple regression analysis, high tHcy (p<0.0001), low folate (p<0.04) and MTHFR 677 C→T polymorphism (p<0.001) independently predicted high rates of 8-iso-PGF2α excretion. Methionine loading increased plasma tHcy (p=0.002), and both urinary prostanoid metabolites (p=0.002). Folic acid supplementation was associated with decreased urinary 8-iso-PGF2α and 11-dehydro-TXB2 excretion (p<0.0003) in the hyperhomocysteinaemic group, but not in the control group, with substantial inter-individual variability related to baseline tHcy level and the extent of its reduction. In conclusion, hyperhomocysteinaemia due to the MTHFR 677 C→T polymorphism is associated with enhanced in vivo lipid peroxidation and platelet activation that are reversible, at least in part, following folic acid supplementation. An integrated biomarker approach may help identifying appropriate candidates for effective folate supplementation.
Field electron emission of boron nitride nanotube emitters

Field emission properties of boron nitride (BN) nanomaterials have been studied for years to apply it at harsh ambient condition. However, the field emitters fabricated using the BN nanomaterials have limitations to utilize it as field emission devices due to their poor emission performances. Here, we report much enhanced field emission properties of the BN nanomaterial with low turn-on electric field, high emission current density, and long term emission stability.
SYSTEMIC-PULMONARY SHUNT.

The results of the clinical, roentgenologic and hemodynamic studies of two patients with shunts from the systemic to the pulmonary circulation are reported. The localization of the shunt in one case was from the right internal mammary artery to the right pulmonary artery. In the second case, the shunt was directly from the aorta by anomalous branches to a right pulmonary vein. Both cases were operated upon without complications. A survey of previously reported anomalies of this kind is given. It is our opinion that patients with such anomalies should be operated upon in view of the inherent risk of these vascular abnormalities.
Serum Uric Acid Predicts Progression of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in Individuals Without Renal Disease

OBJECTIVE To examine uric acid (UA) as a possible predictor of the progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) using data from the prospective Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) Study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS CAC was measured by electron beam tomography at the baseline and at a follow-up 6.0 ± 0.5 years later. The study population included 443 participants with type 1 diabetes and 526 control subjects who were free of diagnosed coronary artery disease at baseline. The presence of renal disease was defined by the presence of albuminuria and/or low glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS In subjects without renal disease, serum UA predicted CAC progression (odds ratio 1.30 [95% CI 1.07–1.58], P = 0.007) independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes and the presence of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Serum UA levels predict the progression of coronary atherosclerosis and may be useful in identifying who is at risk for vascular disease in the absence of significant chronic kidney disease.
Does Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Affect Chlamydial Genital Tract Infection in Mice and Guinea Pigs?

ABSTRACT The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in host defense against chlamydial infection remains unclear. In order to further evaluate the relevance of TNF-α to host resistance in chlamydial genital tract infection, we examined the effect of local inhibition of the TNF-α response in normal C57 mice and in interferon gamma gene-deficient C57 mice infected intravaginally with the mouse pneumonitis agent of Chlamydia trachomatis. Since the guinea pig model of female genital tract infection more closely approximates the human in terms of ascending infection and development of pathology, we also examined the effect of local inhibition of the TNF-α response in guinea pigs infected intravaginally with the guinea pig strain of Chlamydia psittaci. We successfully blocked the early TNF-α response in the respective animal models. This blockade had no effect on the numbers of organisms isolated from the genital tract during the time of TNF-α inhibition in mice or guinea pigs. Analysis of interleukin-1β, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor in the mouse model revealed that blockade of the TNF-α response did not alter the release of these proinflammatory proteins. Yet, in TNF-α-depleted mice, increased numbers of neutrophils were detected in the genital tract, and, in TNF-α-depleted guinea pigs, increased numbers of neutrophils as well as infiltrating lymphocytes were seen in the endocervix. Blockade of TNF-α does not affect the level of infection in mice or guinea pigs, but it may decrease TNF-α-induced apoptosis of infiltrating inflammatory cells.
Podocyte Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasomes Contributes to the Development of Proteinuria in Lupus Nephritis

Development of proteinuria in lupus nephritis (LN) is associated with podocyte dysfunction. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of LN. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether NLRP3 inflammasome activation is involved in the development of podocyte injury in LN.