Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Canine Urinary Incontinence Post-neutering: A Review of Associated Factors, Pathophysiology and Treatment Options

บทคดยอ ภาวะปสสาวะเลดในสนขเปนปญหาทพบไดบอยทางคลนก โดยเฉพาะสนขเพศเมยทไดรบการทำหมนแลว การวนจฉยโรคทำไดจากการซกประวตทเกยวของ อาการทจำเพาะของโรค และการตดสาเหตจากปญหาอนททำใหสนขแสดงอาการปสสาวะบอยหรอปสสาวะเลด ปจจยโนมนำของโรคทมการศกษา ไดแก สายพนธ นำหนก ความอวน การตดหาง เทคนคการทำหมนทแตกตางกนระหวางการตดรงไขออกเพยงอยางเดยวหรอการตดทงรงไขและมดลก ตลอดจนลกษณะทางกายวภาคของกระเพาะปสสาวะและทอปสสาวะสวนตนทเปลยนแปลงภายหลงการทำหมน ในปจจบนแมจะยงไมทราบอยางแนชดถงสาเหตของการเกดภาวะปสสาวะเลดในสนขหลงทำหมน แตเปนทยอมรบวาอาการดงกลาวเกดจากหลายปจจยรวมกน รวมถงปจจยดานการเปลยนแปลงของฮอรโมนหลงทำหมน บทบาทของโกนาโดโทรปนไดแก ลทไนซง ฮอรโมน และฟอลลเคล สะตมเลตง ฮอรโมน ตอการทำงานของระบบขบถายปสสาวะสวนลางและความสมพนธกบการเกดภาวะปสสาวะเลดเปนอกอกหนงปจจยทไดรบความสนใจและควรศกษาตอไปในอนาคต การรกษาสามารถทำไดทงการรกษาทางยาและการผาตด โดยจะพจารณาผาตดแกไขหากการรกษาทางยาไมไดผลดหรอสนขมปญหาสขภาพทไมเหมาะสมกบการไดรบยาเปนระยะเวลานาน ซงทางเลอกของการรกษาไดกลาวในบทความ คำสำคญ : สนข, การทำหมน, ภาวะปสสาวะเลด Abstract Canine urinary incontinence is commonly encountered in small animal veterinary practice with highprevalence in spayed female dogs. The diagnosis of neutering-induced urinary incontinence is usually based onclinical signs, history and elimination of other possible diagnoses. The proposed predispositions to incontinence thatfollows neutering including gender, breed, body weight, obesity, tail docking, spaying technique (ovariectomy andovariohysterectomy) and morphology of the LUT, e.g. the position of neck of the bladder and urethral length, have allbeen investigated. At present, the exact underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. However, it is widelyagreed that the condition is multi-factorial and hormone-associated. The role of gonadotrophin LH and FSH in thephysiology and/or pathology of the canine lower urinary tract function and its relationship to the development ofurinary incontinence post-spay has recently been suggested and remains an interesting subject for further research.Medical approach is the mainstay of treatment for affected animals with surgical correction being considered whenmedical treatment fails to restore continence or patient is unsuitable for long-term medication. Medical and surgicaloptions in the treatment of post-neutering urinary incontinence are reviewed. Keywords : dog, gonadectomy, urinary incontinence
Anemia En Poblaciones Indígenas del Occidente de Venezuela

The purpose of the study was to investigate the frequency of nutritional anemia among western venezuelan indians. Three hundred and ninety nine Yucpa indians from the communities of Aroy, Marewa and Peraya were studied. The concentrations of hemoglobin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, serum ferritin, serum folate and serum vitamin B12 and the frequency of anemia and nutrient deficiency were determined. Anemia was found in 71.7% of people from Aroy, 52.25 from Marewa and in 74.4% from Peraya. No nutrient deficiencies were found in 48.1% of cases with anemia, while iron deficiency anemia was present in 39% of the population studied, and folate and or vitamin B12 deficiency were associated with anemia in only 12.9% of cases. The high frequency of anemia, unrelated to nutrient deficiency, among the Yucpa indians, is attributed to the prevalence of chronic infectious diseases such as hepatitis and parasitic infections, as well as skin and respiratory infectious processes.
Assessing Transgender Attitudes Toward Health Care: Can These Attitudes Help Predict Health Outcomes?

Research has identified the fact that race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity, socioeconomic status, education level, geographic location, help seeking behaviors, and experiences of discrimination are associated with health outcomes. In addition, attitudes towards providers can also help determine health outcomes. The transgender community experiences barriers to health care services and therefore their overall health is affected. There is not a sufficient amount of literature that assesses, using standardized measure, the attitudes of the transgender community and their health. The present study will assess the attitudes of the transgender community toward health care (mental and medical health) and, using standardized measures, determine if these attitudes are related to their self-reported health outcomes using.
The Analysis of Patients at the Outpatient Service At Haji General Hospital of Makassar, Indonesia

Quality health services is health care that can satisfy any health care service users and organized in accordance with service standards and codes of professional conduct and is one of the basic necessity of every person. This study aims to determine the level of satisfaction of outpatients at the Haji General Hospital Makassar based administrative services, physician services, nurse services, and the provision of medical facilities. This research was conducted at the Haji General Hospital Makassar. This type of research is analytic research with cross sectional approach in which the sample is outpatient health insurance, social security, and the general patient at Haji Hospital Makassar. Primary data collection is done by direct observation and interviews with respondents using questionnaires, while secondary data obtained from the recording and reporting of Haji General Hospital Makassar. The results showed that the dimensions of health services (administrative services, physician services, nursing services, and the provision of medical facilities) have a simultaneous effect on the level of satisfaction of outpatients at the Haji General Hospital Makassar. There are differences in the level of patient satisfaction based on the type or mode of payment for medical services at the Outpatient Installation Haji General Hospital Makassar. In partial, administrative services, physician services, and the provision of medical facilities have a significant influence on patient satisfaction, while the nurse service has no effect on patient satisfaction. -----------------------------------------------------------------------* Corresponding author.
Extracochlear Stimulation of Electrically Evoked Auditory Brainstem Responses (eABRs) Remains the Preferred Pre-implant Auditory Nerve Function Test in an Assessor-blinded Comparison.

OBJECTIVE Electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses (eABRs) can be recorded before cochlear implant (CI) surgery to verify auditory nerve function, and is particularly helpful in to assess the function of the auditory nerve in cases of auditory nerve hypoplasia. This is the first study to compare three preimplant eABRs recording techniques: 1) standard extracochlear, 2) novel intracochlear, and 3) conventional intracochlear with the CI. STUDY DESIGN A within-participants design was used where eABRs were sequentially measured during CI surgery using three methods with stimulation from: 1) an extracochlear electrode placed at the round window niche, 2) two different electrodes on a recently developed Intracochlear Test Array (ITA), and 3) two different electrodes on a CI electrode array. SETTING New adults implantees (n = 16) were recruited through the Manchester Auditory Implant Centre and eABR measurements were made in theater at the time of CI surgery. PATIENTS All participants met the clinical criteria for cochlear implantation. Only participants with radiologically normal auditory nerves were recruited to the study. All participants were surgically listed for either a MED-EL Synchrony implant or a Cochlear Nucleus Profile implant, per standard practice in the implant centre. OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome measures were: 1) charge (μC) required to elicit a threshold response, and 2) latencies (ms) in the threshold waveforms. Secondary outcome measures were: 1) morphologies of responses at suprathreshold stimulation levels and 2) wave V growth patterns. RESULTS eABRs were successfully measured from 15 participants. In terms of primary outcome measures, the charge required to elicit a response using the extracochlear electrode (median = 0.075 μC) was approximately six times larger than all other electrodes and the latency of wave V was approximately 0.5 ms longer when using the extracochlear electrode (mean = 5.1 ms). In terms of secondary outcomes, there were some minor quantitative differences in responses between extracochlear and intracochlear stimulation; in particular, ITA responses were highly variable in quality. The ITA responses were rated poor quality in 33% of recordings and in two instances did not allow for data collection. When not disrupted by open circuits, the median ITA response contained one more waveform than the median extracochlear response. CONCLUSIONS In this first study comparing intracochlear and extracochlear stimulation, the results show that both can be used to produce an eABR that is representative of the one elicited by the CI. In the majority of cases, extracochlear stimulation was the preferred approach for preimplant auditory nerve function testing because of consistency, recordings that could be analyzed, and because extracochlear placement of the electrode does not require a cochleostomy to insert an electrode.
Expression of DEC2 enhances chemosensitivity by inhibiting STAT5A in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers. Resistance to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐Fu)‐based chemotherapy is a major cause of treatment failure followed by the poor prognosis of patients. In GC, it was reported that human differentiated embryonic chondrocyte‐expressed gene 2 (DEC2), suppressed tumor proliferation and metastasis, but the effect of DEC2 on chemosensitivity of GC cells was unknown. In our study, we found that DEC2 can obviously increase the sensibility of GC cells to 5‐Fu by promoting 5‐Fu‐induced apoptosis. DEC2 overexpression is significantly associated with decreased phosphorylation of STAT5A (P‐STAT5A). More importantly, negative correlations between DEC2 with P‐STAT5A expression were observed in tissue sections from GC patients. GC patients with low expression levels of DEC2 and high expression levels of P‐STAT5A showed a poor prognosis. Furthermore, enhanced chemosensitivity mediated by DEC2 can be reversed by STAT5A which confer GC cells resistance to apoptosis induced by 5‐Fu. Together, our results suggest that through inhibiting activation of STAT5A, DEC2 enhances 5‐Fu‐induced apoptosis and suppression of proliferation in GC cells. These findings will provide new insight for identifying potential targets that can be used to sensitize GC cells to chemotherapy.
Historical Linguistics: An Introduction

This is an accessible, hands-on introduction to historical linguistics. This practical introduction to the study of language change does not just talk about topics. With abundant examples and exercises, it helps students learn for themselves how to do historical linguistics. Distinctive to the book is its combination of the traditional standard topics with others now considered vital to historical linguistics: explanations of why languages change; sociolinguistic aspects of linguistic change; syntactic change and grammaticalisation; distant genetic relationships; and linguistic prehistory. In addition, this edition contains two new chapters on morphological change and quantitative approaches; an expanded chapter on language contact with new sections on pidgins and creoles, mixed languages, and endangered languages; new sections on the language families and language isolates of the world; examination of specific proposals of distant genetic relationship; and a new section on writing systems. With its clear, readable style, expert guidance and comprehensive coverage, Historical Linguistics: An Introduction is not only an invaluable textbook for students coming to the subject for the first time, but also an enlightening read for specialists in the field and non-specialists alike. It is a practical hands-on approach to the subject, including numerous student exercises. It includes examples that are taken from a wide range of languages, including non-Indo-European languages, illustrate concepts and methods. Engaging writing style combined with insightful coverage makes this an engrossing introduction. A Separate pdf 'Answer Key' available for lecturers.
Impact of Massage Therapy on Post-operative Outcomes after Cardiac Surgery: Narrative Review

Introduction The incidence of Coronary artery Disease (CAD) has doubled in India over the last 3 decades, whereas CAD rates have dropped by 50% during the same period in most developed countries. Number of percutaneous coronary interventions and coronary artery bypass surgery are increasing steadily every year in India due to higher prevalence of CAD.Objective The objective of this narrative review is to examine the efficacy of massage therapy on various post-operative outcomes in patients following cardiac surgery Methods A comprehensive literature search was made in following databases for retrieving the related studies, PubMed- Medline, CINAHL, Science Direct, INDMED and Google Scholar. In the included studies, data were extracted and evaluated according to the objective and narrative analysis were adopted to write this review. Results Out of total seven reviewed studies, 6 studies have concluded that use of massage therapy is beneficial after cardiac surgery. Only one study reported that massage is feasible in this patient population, but does not yield any therapeutic benefits. Use of massage therapy has a positive impact on post-operative outcomes among patients following cardiac surgery. None of the studies reviewed reported any harmful effects of massage therapy.Conclusion Massage therapy has demonstrated to decrease the perceived symptom of anxiety, fatigue, pain and tension among patients receiving postoperative care after the cardiac surgery. There is a necessity for further strong methodological qualities of randomized controlled trials to prove its efficiency and add more scientific evidence on massage therapy in this field.
Theoretical Foundations of Health Education and Health Promotion

Theoretical Foundations of Health Education and Health Promotion, Second Edition, introduces students to common theories from behavioral and social sciences that are currently being used in health education and promotion. Each discussion of theory is accompanied by a practical skill-building activity in the context of planning and evaluation and a set of application questions that will assist the student in mastering the application of the theory. With its accessible language, this text helps students grasp new theories easily and shows them how to use these theories effectively when designing programs in community, school, worksite, or patient care settings.
Employees’ Attitude toward the Implementation of Open Selection System for Senior Executive Service Positions

The Civil Service Law has become the foundation for government’s human resource management reform. One of the major changes that the law brought about was the open selection for the filling of senior executive positions. The attitude of the parties affected by the changes is a factor that determines the success of a reform. Taking a case of the Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources as one of pioneering government ministries that has implemented such reform, this research aims at describing the attitude of civil servants of the ministry toward the open selection policy for senior executive positions, particularly first level senior executives service (jabatan pimpinan tinggi/JPT Pratama), as well as to describe the attitude differences that are showed by the officers based on their age, gender, education level, position type, and service length in the ministry. As a result, there is generally a positive attitude without significant differences between the officers in terms of age, gender, and different position type, but there are also partial differences between one group and another based on education level and service length.
Tracking the Development of Functional Connectomes for Face Processing

Face processing capacities become more specialized and advanced during development, but neural underpinnings of these processes are not fully understood. The present study applied graph theory-based network analysis to task-negative (resting blocks) and task-positive (viewing faces) functional magnetic resonance imaging data in children (5-17 years) and adults (18-42 years) to test the hypothesis that the development of a specialized network for face processing is driven by task-positive processing (face viewing) more than by task-negative processing (visual fixation) and by both progressive and regressive changes in network properties. Predictive modeling was used to predict age from node-based network properties derived from task-positive and task-negative states in a whole-brain network (WBN) and a canonical face network (FN). The best-fitting model indicated that FN maturation was marked by both progressive and regressive changes in information diffusion (eigenvector centrality) in the task-positive state, with regressive changes outweighing progressive changes. Hence, FN maturation was characterized by reductions in information diffusion potentially reflecting the development of more specialized modules. In contrast, WBN maturation was marked by a balance of progressive and regressive changes in hub-connectivity (betweenness centrality) in the task-negative state. These findings suggest that the development of specialized networks like the FN depends on dynamic developmental changes associated with domain-specific information (e.g., face processing), but maturation of the brain as a whole can be predicted from task-free states.
Online Learning Perceptions and Effectiveness of Research Methods Courses in a Hispanic-Serving Higher Education Institute

In this article, the authors first reviewed related literature on possible factors that influence learning between an online learning (OL) course format and a face-to-face (F2F) course format. The authors investigated OL and F2F learning perceptions and effectiveness of a graduate-level research methods course at a Hispanic-serving institution (HSI). Thirty-three graduate students who took the same introductory research methods course in different formats participated in this exploratory study. The authors conducted content analysis for qualitative data and exploratory data analysis, bivariate correlation analysis, and mean comparisons for quantitative data using SPSS. Similarities and differences between OL and F2F in a research methods course from HSI learners’ perspectives were presented. Findings also revealed that perceived difficulty of coursework and perceived time involvement were important factors in delivering course content when designing either OL or F2F courses. Future directions, study limitations, and practical implications are discussed.
Percent Plans in College Admissions: A Comparative Analysis of Three States' Experiences.

Author(s): Horn, Catherine L. ; Flores, Stella M. ; Orfield, Gary | Abstract: Our public schools are becoming increasingly segregated by race and income and the segregated schools are, on average, strikingly inferior in many important ways, including the quality and experience of teachers and the level of competition from other students. Given these facts, it is clear that students of different races do not receive an equal chance for college.Available at: http://civilrightsproject.ucla. edu
USE OF BIOLOGICS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE- SHORT SYNOPSIS

Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease are frequently encountered disabling diseases collectively termed as inflammatory bowel disease. Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is characterized by diffuse mucosal inflammation limited to the colon. The extent of disease is often described as ‘distal’ and extensive disease. The ‘distal’ usually refers to involvement of rectum or recto sigmoid part of colon. The extensive disease usually includes ‘left sided colitis’-upto the splenic flexture, ‘extensive colitis’-upto the hepatic flexture or ‘pancolitis’ –involving the whole of the colon. Crohn’s Disease (CD) on the other hand is characterized by patchy transmural inflammation involving any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Crohn’s Disease may either be defined by its location like terminal ileal, colonic or ileocolic or by its pattern of disease like inflammatory, fistulating, stricturising. A minority of patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) have features consistent with both or some pattern suggestive of UC and other suggestive of CD. This is grouped as Indeterminate Colitis (IC) (1).
Genotype‐phenotype correlations in focal malformations of cortical development: a pathway to integrated pathological diagnosis in epilepsy surgery

Malformations of cortical development (MCD) comprise a broad spectrum of developmental brain abnormalities. Patients presenting with MCDs often suffer from drug‐resistant focal epilepsy, and some become candidates for epilepsy surgery. Their likelihood of achieving freedom from seizures, however, remains uncertain, and depends in a major part on the underlying pathology. Tissue samples obtained in epilepsy surgery form the basis of definite histopathological diagnosis; however, new molecular genetic methods have not yet been implemented in diagnostic processes for MCD cases. Furthermore, it has not been completely understood how the underlying pathology affects patients’ outcomes after epilepsy surgery. We performed a systematic literature review of studies describing both histopathological and molecular genetic findings in MCD, along with studies on epilepsy surgery outcomes. We aimed to correlate the genetic causes with the underlying morphological abnormalities in focal cortical malformations and to stress the importance of the underlying biology for patient management and counseling. From the summarized findings of multiple authors, it is obvious that MCD may have a diverse genetic background despite a similar or even identical histopathological picture. Even though most of their molecular genetic findings converge on various levels of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, the exact mechanisms underlying MCD formation have not yet been completely described or indeed how this pathway generates a diverse range of histological abnormalities. Based on our findings, we therefore propose that all patients diagnosed and operated for drug‐resistant epilepsy should have an integrated molecular and pathological diagnosis similar to the current practice in brain tumor diagnostic processes that might lead to more accurate diagnosis and effective stratification of patients undergoing epilepsy surgery.