Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flash Smelting Copper Concentrates Spectral Emission Measurements

In this paper, we report on spectral features emitted by a reaction shaft occurring in flash smelting of copper concentrates containing sulfide copper minerals such as chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), bornite (Cu5FeS4) and pyrite (FeS2). Different combustion conditions are addressed, such as sulfur-copper ratio and oxygen excess. Temperature and spectral emissivity features are estimated for each case by using the two wavelength method and radiometric models. The most relevant results have shown an increasing intensity behavior for higher sulfur-copper ratios and oxygen contents, where emissivity is almost constant along the visible spectrum range for all cases, which validates the gray body assumption. CuO and FeO emission line features along the visible spectrum appear to be a sensing alternative for describing the combustion reactions.
Co-viewing Experience in Video Websites: The Effect of Social Presence on E-Loyalty

ABSTRACT Video website operators work in a highly competitive market and, thus, cultivating evangelists who keep coming back and spreading positive word-of-mouth (WOM) referrals is important to retain market share and boost sustainability. This study empirically tests a model proposing that social presence elicited by the emerging bullet screen (“DanMu” in Chinese or “Danmaku” in Japanese) system in video websites serially affects immersive experience and perceived benefits, which in turn influence viewers’ e-loyalty. Data collected from 523 participants provide strong support for the proposed model. The results indicate that compelling immersive experience and perceived benefits are important mediators explaining the theoretical mechanism of how social presence affects loyalty. The presence of moderators such as group identification reinforces the influence of social presence on immersion. In addition, this study also suggests that perceived benefits differentially affect the two facets of e-loyalty (i.e., revisit intention and positive WOM). Specifically, revisit intention is mainly driven by the perceived hedonic benefit while positive WOM likelihood is largely determined by the utilitarian and social benefits. This study is the first to provide theoretical insights into understanding how increased social presence triggered by DanMu comments inspires the desired e-loyalty responses.
Counterion-induced entropic interactions in solutions of strongly stretched, osmotic polyelectrolyte stars

We examine the conformations and effective interactions of star-branched polyelectrolytes with and without added salt, by employing monomer-resolved molecular dynamics simulations and an analytical theory. The simulations take into account the excluded-volume and Coulomb interactions between the individual monomers, as well as the counter- and coions. The theory is based on a variational free energy that is written as a sum of electrostatic, polymer, and entropic contributions of the counter- and coions. For the conformations of isolated polyelectrolyte stars, we find strong stretching of the chains, resulting in a linear scaling of the star radius with the degree of polymerization, as well as trapping and condensation of a large fraction of counterions. The effective interactions at arbitrarily strong overlaps between the stars are shown to be dominated by the entropic contributions of the trapped counterions, with the electrostatic contribution playing only a minor role due to an almost complete neutral.
What is “New” about Fatherhood?

This article reviews the way that fatherhood is constructed in the public discourse and more broadly in the public sphere in the UK and France by examining (1) the fatherhood regime and its influence on the construction of fatherhood in the two countries; (2) gender attitudes and parenting roles; and (3) popular images of fatherhood, particularly as represented in women’s and men’s magazines in France and in the UK. The authors explore to what extent “new” features of fatherhood in the two countries are reflected in its public representation and how this representation is influenced by national fatherhood regimes and notably social policy. The authors find that “new fatherhood” is finding its way into popular representations of fatherhood in both countries, but that cultural products tend to be conservative in their representations and reinforce existing stereotypes rather than innovative in representations of gender relations.
The impact of grandparental investment on mothers’ fertility intentions in four European countries

Background: Evolutionary theory predicts that grandparental investment should support the childbearing of adult children, but evidence from contemporary developed countries is mixed or relatively weak. One possible reason for this lack of clarity is that grandparental support for fertility may vary by country, the economic situation of the adult child’s household, and the lineage and the sex of the grandparent. Objective: We investigate the associations between grandparental investments and the intentions of mothers to have a second or third child in four European countries - Bulgaria, France, Lithuania, and Norway - while paying special attention to effect of the country, the financial security of the household, and the different grandparent types. Methods: Using the first wave data (2004-08) of the Generations and Gender Surveys, we measured grandparental investment by the amount of child care help and emotional support mothers reported receiving from their parents. We studied these factors with binary logistic regression analysis. Results: Both emotional support and child care help from grandparents were associated with increased fertility intentions in France and Norway. Emotional support was also associated with increased fertility intentions in Bulgaria, while grandparental child care help was associated with decreased intentions in Lithuania. Emotional support was more strongly associated with fertility intentions in financially secure households. Emotional support received from a maternal grandmother, a maternal grandfather, and a paternal grandmother; and child care help received from a maternal grandfather; were associated with an increased probability that a mother would report the intention to have another child. Conclusions: Grandparental investment, especially emotional support, appears to be most influential in wealthier European countries and among more financially secure families. When a family’s socioeconomic situation and the broader environment are generally favourable for having several children, grandparents may provide the "extra push" that supports the intention to have another child.
Effect of statin use on oncologic outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Preclinical and early‐phase clinical studies have suggested an oncoprotective role of statins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The purpose of this study was to determine whether incidental statin use in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐negative HNSCC is predictive of improved oncologic outcomes.
Sparse bursts optimize information transmission in a multiplexed neural code

Significance Understanding the neural code is to attribute proper meaning to temporal sequences of action potentials. We report a simple neural code based on distinguishing single spikes from spikes in close succession, commonly called “bursts. ” By separating these two types of responses, we show that ensembles of neurons can communicate rapidly changing and graded information from two sources simultaneously and with minimal cross-talk. Second, we show that this multiplexing can optimize the information transferred per action potential when bursts are relatively rare. Finally, we show that neurons can demultiplex these two streams of information. We propose that this multiplexing may be particularly important in hierarchical communication where bottom–up and top–down information must be distinguished. Many cortical neurons combine the information ascending and descending the cortical hierarchy. In the classical view, this information is combined nonlinearly to give rise to a single firing-rate output, which collapses all input streams into one. We analyze the extent to which neurons can simultaneously represent multiple input streams by using a code that distinguishes spike timing patterns at the level of a neural ensemble. Using computational simulations constrained by experimental data, we show that cortical neurons are well suited to generate such multiplexing. Interestingly, this neural code maximizes information for short and sparse bursts, a regime consistent with in vivo recordings. Neurons can also demultiplex this information, using specific connectivity patterns. The anatomy of the adult mammalian cortex suggests that these connectivity patterns are used by the nervous system to maintain sparse bursting and optimal multiplexing. Contrary to firing-rate coding, our findings indicate that the physiology and anatomy of the cortex may be interpreted as optimizing the transmission of multiple independent signals to different targets.
Propofol improves the function of natural killer cells from the peripheral blood of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Postoperative immunosuppression is associated with the recurrence and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Propofol is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic and has been reported to be associated with immunosuppression; however, little is known about its effect on innate immune cells during the postoperative period in patients with ESCC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of propofol on the phenotype and cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells derived from the peripheral blood of patients with ESCC. The percentage, phenotype and function of NK cells were compared between patients with ESCC and healthy volunteers using flow cytometry. NK cells were negatively sorted using magnetic beads and cocultured with propofol to assess changes in phenotype and function. The results revealed that the percentage of NK cells was significantly increased in the peripheral blood of patients with ESCC, while their activity and cytotoxicity were impaired. NK cells were successfully separated from peripheral blood in vitro and it was demonstrated that propofol enhanced their activity by influencing the expression of activating or inhibitory receptors. Furthermore, propofol was able to increase the cytotoxicity of NK cells from the peripheral blood of patients with ESCC. These results suggest that propofol is able to improve the function of NK cells in patients with ESCC and may therefore be an appropriate anesthetic for ESCC surgery.
Back to Stir It Up: Erectile Dysfunction in an Evolutionary, Developmental, and Clinical Perspective

In this review, we analyze erectile dysfunction (ED) in the context of sexual selection. We highlight that ED is a specific human male characteristic linked to the loss of the baculum or penile bone and results from a range of physical and psychological factors. We discuss evolutionary interpretations that consider dysfunctional penile erection as an honest signal of a low-quality male. We further emphasize the importance of considering psychosocial context and early attachment dynamics for understanding the etiology of some types of ED. Finally, we suggest that the integration of developmental factors for understanding the emergence of this sexual disorder is instrumental for the calibration of more effective therapies.
Effects of Soil on Trace Metal Leachability from Papermill Ashes and Sludge

Understanding trace metal leachability is important for successful land application of papermill residues. Trace metal leachability from papermill ashes (Ash I and Ash 2) and papermill sludge (Sludge), and the effects of a soil on their leachability were determined by leaching the three papermill residues packed on top of a soil in a column. The leachates were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and concentrations of six metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn). Ash I behaved significantly differently from Ash 2 during the leaching experiment, primarily due to its high pH and Na contents. Application of papermill residues significantly increased the pH, EC, and DOC concentrations in leachates, with Ash 1 having significantly greater impacts than Ash 2 and sludge. Soil columns under alkaline leaching of Ash 1 appeared bleached due to the dissolution of solid-phase organic matter. Significant amounts of Zn were leached from all papermill residues, whereas significant amounts of Cr, Se, and Cu were leached only in the Ash 1 treatments. The presence of a soil (especially a Bh horizon) generally enhanced metal leachability in the Ash 1 treatments due to the extremely high pH of Ash 1, whereas it decreased metal leachability in the Ash 2 and sludge treatments. Thus, organic matter enhances metal sorption when present as a solid phase, but it increases metal leachability when present in dissolved form under alkaline conditions.
Growth rates of American alligators in estuarine and palustrine wetlands in Louisiana

A comparative study of American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) growth rates was made in estuarine and palustrine wetlands in southwestern Louisiana. In the estuarine wetlands, where characteristic salinity levels were ≤5%, alligators grew faster and therefore reached sexual maturity earlier than did those in palustrine wetlands, which are characterized by shallow, freshwater marsh vegetation. Slower growth rates in palustrine wetlands appeared to be related to prey density, indicated by previous studies to be lower than in estuarine wetlands. Males grew faster than females and therefore reached sexual maturity at an earlier age in both habitats. This study revealed a major limitation in using total lengths as an index upon which population age structure can be based even when alligators are in the same geographic region.
Optimal Control Analysis of Computer Virus Transmission

Computer virus has become a global problem and aﬀect-ing many industries both developed and the developing countries.In this study, a deterministic computer virus model is formulated incorporating removal devices. The basic properties of the model is studied and the reproduction number is calculated. The steady states are studied and found to be stable. We analyze diﬀerent properties with parameter change by carrying out the sensitivity analysis of the model. Time optimal control is included and Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle is used to characterize the all necessary condition for controlling the spread of computer virus. The most eﬀective strategy for controlling computer virus is the combination of all the three controls. Graphical illustrations are presented to show the eﬀects.
Patients with colorectal cancer have identical strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum in their colorectal cancer and oral cavity

We read with great interest the article by Flemer et al , which suggests that analysis of the oral microbiota could potentially be used as a screening method for colorectal cancer (CRC) and polyp detection.1 Fusobacterium ( F .) nucleatum is one of the most densely colonised bacterial species in the oral cavity and is known to be associated with periodontitis.2 Recently, many researchers have demonstrated that F . nucleatum is related to CRC development and pathogenicity.3 4 However, the relationship between F . nucleatum in CRC and the oral cavity is not well understood. For this purpose, we examined whether identical strains of F . nucleatum could be isolated from CRC and saliva specimens obtained from the same patient. The approach used in this study is detailed in figure 1A (see online supplementary information for details). We collected CRC and saliva samples from 14 patients (online supplementary table 1) and isolated bacteria from the specimens on Fusobacterium -selective agar. All colonies (1,351 in total) were analysed by PCR using …
Histological changes caused by using Celebrex on the stomach , small intestine , and liver of mouse biauhS riahuZ niaguL and heiteitS layriF

The administrations of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used due to their les adverse effects and good safety. Celebrex is one of NSAID which works by reducing enzymes that cause inflammation and pain in the body. Celebrex is used as an antipyretics, analgesics, and in the treatment of muscles aches. It also used for patient with rheumatoid arthritis to reduce pain as an antiinflammatory agent for a long time. However, some recent studies have reported that rheumatoid patients have been identified for varying degrees of stomach, small intestinal bleeding, and liver injuries. This histological investigation helps to explain the adverse effect of Celebrex on the previously mentioned organs. The animals were divided to three groups, group A control, group B treated for four weeks, and group C treated for eight weeks. The treated groups were given an oral dose 0.2mg of Celebrex. The mice were sacrificed, and tissues from the stomach, small intestine, and liver were taken and fixed in 10% buffered formalin and stained with H&E for light microscope examination. The experimental groups showed histological changes ranging from few changes in the gastrointestinal tract to more severe ones, while the liver is more affected by the drug and showed more injury. The student’s t test was used for statistic analysis.
Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on phytoplankton community biomass, species composition and photosynthesis during an experimentally induced autumn bloom in the western English Channel

Abstract. The combined effects of elevated pCO2 and temperature were investigated during an experimentally induced autumn phytoplankton bloom in vitro sampled from the western English Channel (WEC). A full factorial 36-day microcosm experiment was conducted under year 2100 predicted temperature (+4.5 ∘C) and pCO2 levels (800 µatm). Over the experimental period total phytoplankton biomass was significantly influenced by elevated pCO2. At the end of the experiment, biomass increased 6.5-fold under elevated pCO2 and 4.6-fold under elevated temperature relative to the ambient control. By contrast, the combined influence of elevated pCO2 and temperature had little effect on biomass relative to the control. Throughout the experiment in all treatments and in the control, the phytoplankton community structure shifted from dinoflagellates to nanophytoplankton . At the end of the experiment, under elevated pCO2 nanophytoplankton contributed 90 % of community biomass and was dominated by Phaeocystis spp. Under elevated temperature, nanophytoplankton comprised 85 % of the community biomass and was dominated by smaller nanoflagellates. In the control, larger nanoflagellates dominated whilst the smallest nanophytoplankton contribution was observed under combined elevated pCO2 and temperature (∼ 40 %). Under elevated pCO2, temperature and in the control there was a significant decrease in dinoflagellate biomass. Under the combined effects of elevated pCO2 and temperature, dinoflagellate biomass increased and was dominated by the harmful algal bloom (HAB) species, Prorocentrum cordatum. At the end of the experiment, chlorophyll a (Chl a) normalised maximum photosynthetic rates (PmB) increased > 6-fold under elevated pCO2 and > 3-fold under elevated temperature while no effect on PmB was observed when pCO2 and temperature were elevated simultaneously. The results suggest that future increases in temperature and pCO2 simultaneously do not appear to influence coastal phytoplankton productivity but significantly influence community composition during autumn in the WEC.
Tau uptake in agrammatic primary progressive aphasia with and without apraxia of speech

The non‐fluent/agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia (agPPA) is a heterogeneous diagnosis wherein some individuals have apraxia of speech (AOS). When agPPA includes AOS, a tauopathy is the likely underlying pathology. Recently, [18F]AV‐1451 was developed for the in‐vivo assessment of tau. In this study, we compared patterns of tau tracer uptake in patients with agPPA with and without AOS.
Using species distribution models to infer potential climate change-induced range shifts of freshwater fish in south-eastern Australia

There are few quantitative predictions for the impacts of climate change on freshwater fish in Australia. We developed species distribution models (SDMs) linking historical fish distributions for 43 species from Victorian streams to a suite of hydro-climatic and catchment predictors, and applied these models to explore predicted range shifts under future climate-change scenarios. Here, we present summary results for the 43 species, together with a more detailed analysis for a subset of species with distinct distributions in relation to temperature and hydrology. Range shifts increased from the lower to upper climate-change scenarios, with most species predicted to undergo some degree of range shift. Changes in total occupancy ranged from –38% to +63% under the lower climate-change scenario to –47% to +182% under the upper climate-change scenario. We do, however, caution that range expansions are more putative than range contractions, because the effects of barriers, limited dispersal and potential life-history factors are likely to exclude some areas from being colonised. As well as potentially informing more mechanistic modelling approaches, quantitative predictions such as these should be seen as representing hypotheses to be tested and discussed, and should be valuable for informing long-term strategies to protect aquatic biota.
Input Reconstruction Side and top down view Part Segmentation Input Reconstruction Side and top down view Part Segmentation

We describe Human Mesh Recovery (HMR), an end-toend framework for reconstructing a full 3D mesh of a human body from a single RGB image. In contrast to most current methods that compute 2D or 3D joint locations, we produce a richer and more useful mesh representation that is parameterized by shape and 3D joint angles. The main objective is to minimize the reprojection loss of keypoints, which allows our model to be trained using in-the-wild images that only have ground truth 2D annotations. However, the reprojection loss alone is highly underconstrained. In this work we address this problem by introducing an adversary trained to tell whether human body shape and pose parameters are real or not using a large database of 3D human meshes. We show that HMR can be trained with and without using any paired 2D-to-3D supervision. We do not rely on intermediate 2D keypoint detections and infer 3D pose and shape parameters directly from image pixels. Our model runs in real-time given a bounding box containing the person. We demonstrate our approach on various images in-the-wild and out-perform previous optimizationbased methods that output 3D meshes and show competitive results on tasks such as 3D joint location estimation and part segmentation.