Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antecedents and consequences of career decisional states in adolescence: A longitudinal study

This longitudinal study tested students in Grade 8 and again in Grade 10 on career (maturity, barriers, indecision, decision-making self-efficacy), well-being (self-esteem, life satisfaction, coping) and social (school achievement, paid work experience) variables. Students were allocated to decided or undecided conditions at T1, T2 and across T1-T2, based on self-reported global decidedness ratings. As predicted, the undecided students had poorer career, well-being and social outcomes than the decided students at T1 and T2. The undecided group was also less likely to report having paid work-experience at T1, and to be overrepresented by females at T2. Students who were undecided at T1 and T2 (i.e., continuously undecided) fared poorer than students who were decided at T1 and T2 (continuously decided) and students who changed decision status from T1 to T2 (i.e., developmentally undecided). Females were more likely to be continuously undecided, although continuously undecided males were more complacent and more likely to use maladaptive strategies than females. Implications of being temperamentally versus developmentally undecided are discussed.
Signatures of running penumbral waves in sunspot photospheres

The highly dynamic atmosphere above sunspots exhibits a wealth of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves. Recent studies suggest a coupled nature of the most prominent phenomena: umbral flashes (UFs) and running penumbral waves (RPWs). From an observational point of view, we perform a height-dependent study of RPWs, compare their wave characteristics and aim to track down these so far only chromospherically observed phenomena to photospheric layers to prove the upward propagating field-guided nature of RPWs. We analyze a time series (58\,min) of multi-wavelength observations of an isolated circular sunspot (NOAA11823) taken at high spatial and temporal resolution in spectroscopic mode with the Interferometric BIdimensional Spectro-polarimeter (IBIS/DST). By means of a multi-layer intensity sampling, velocity comparisons, wavelet power analysis and sectorial studies of time-slices, we retrieve the power distribution, characteristic periodicities and propagation characteristics of sunspot waves at photospheric and chromospheric levels. Signatures of RPWs are found at photospheric layers. Those continuous oscillations occur preferably at periods between 4-6\,min starting at the inner penumbral boundary. The photospheric oscillations all have a slightly delayed, more defined chromospheric counterpart with larger relative velocities (which are linked to preceding UF events). In all layers the power of RPWs follows a filamentary fine-structure and shows a typical ring-shaped power distribution increasing in radius for larger wave periods. The analysis of time-slices reveals apparent horizontal velocities for RPWs at photospheric layers of $\approx50\,\rm{km/s}$ which decrease to $\approx30\,\rm{km/s}$ at chromospheric heights. The observations strongly support the scenario of RPWs being upward propagating slow-mode waves guided by the magnetic field lines.
Are Consumers Willing to Pay More for Biodegradable Containers Than for Plastic Ones? Evidence from Hypothetical Conjoint Analysis and Nonhypothetical Experimental Auctions

This study used and compared hypothetical conjoint analysis and nonhypothetical experimental auctions to elicit floral customers' willingness to pay for biodegradable plant containers. The results of the study show that participants were willing to pay a price premium for biodegradable containers, but the premium is not the same for different types of containers. This article also shows the mixed ordered probit model generates more accurate results when analyzing the conjoint analysis Internet survey data than the ordered probit model.
Promoting Bank Stability Through Compensation Reform: Lessons from Iceland

This article argues that the program of compensation reform at financial institutions – despite recent wide-ranging changes – remains incomplete. A considerable body of theoretical and empirical research has been developed which, for the most part, suggests that compensation incentives embedded in compensation contracts at banks encouraged risk-taking behaviour which contributed to the Global Financial Crisis. Extensive reforms to compensation rules at financial institutions have been implemented across the globe, including increased use of deferral, mandatory capping of bonuses and the introduction of claw-back powers. Relying on observations on the failures of Icelandic and UK banks, and legal and economic analyses of compensation reforms in each jurisdiction, this paper argues that some elements of the Icelandic and UK reform programs ought to be transposed to the EU level. Arguably, these recommendations will help improve the resilience of the European banking system and contribute to greater financial stability.
The Role of Multinational Firms in the Wage-Gap Debate

The observation of an increase in the ratio of skilled to unskilled wages in the high-income countries and in some cases in low/middle-income countries has led to considerable discussion and controversy as to its cause. Virtually none of the analyses have considered a role for multinational investment in explaining the wage-gap phenomenon. This paper adapts the authors' earlier work to consider what role multinationals might play in factor markets. It identifies circumstances under which investment liberalization is likely to raise the wage gap in both the skilled-labor abundant and the unskilled-labor abundant country. Copyright 1997 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
The Effects of Utilitarian and Hedonic Values on Young Consumers' Satisfaction and Behavioral Intentions

This study aims to investigate the effects of utilitarian and hedonic values on young consumers’ satisfaction and behavioral intentions in fast-food and fast-casual restaurant sectors comparatively. Also this study investigates which value component (utilitarian or hedonic) is more effective on satisfaction and behavioral intentions. The results show that utilitarian and hedonic values have significant effects on satisfaction and behavioral intentions for both fast-food and fast-casual restaurant sectors. Additionally, satisfaction has an influence on behavioral intentions in fast-food restaurant sector, but does not have a significant effect in fast-casual restaurant sector. Moreover, associations between hedonic value with satisfaction and behavioral intentions are significantly different between fast-food and fast-casual restaurant sectors. On the other hand, associations between utilitarian value with satisfaction and behavioral intentions and association between satisfactions with behavioral intentions are not significantly different between fast-food and fast-casual restaurant sectors.
Globalization and Africa: Implications for Human Development

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the effects of trade and financial globalization on human development in 52 African countries using updated data (1996-2010) and a new indicator of human development (adjusted for inequality). Design/methodology/approach – The estimation technique used is a Two-Stage-Least Squares Instrumental Variable methodology. Instruments include: income-levels, legal-origins and religious-dominations. The first-step consists of justifying the choice of the estimation technique with a Hausman-test for endogeneity. In the second-step, we verify that the instrumental variables are exogenous to the endogenous components of explaining variables (globalization dynamic channels) conditional on other covariates (control variables). In the third-step, the strength and validity of the instruments are assessed with the Cragg-Donald and Sargan overidentifying restrictions tests respectively. Robustness checks are ensured by: (1) use of alternative globalization indicators; (2) endogeneity based estimation; (3) adoption of two interchangeable sets of instruments; (4) estimation with a technique that controls for time-invariant unobservable shocks that affect openness and human development simultaneously. Findings – Findings broadly indicate that while trade globalization improves human development (consistent with the neoliberal theory), financial globalization has the opposite effect (in line with the hegemony thesis). The ‘life expectancy’ component of the HDI weighs most in the positive impact of trade globalization on human emancipation. Practical implications – Capital accounts should be opened in tandem with financial and institutional development. The investment atmosphere needs improvement to curtail capital flight (about 39%). Other policy implications include: adoption of openness options in a selective and gradual manner, development of some industrial backbone for an import-substitution or export-led industry, emphasis on regional trade and building capacity, development of the agricultural sector with continuous government assistance, building of rural infrastructure, increasing adult literacy rate and developing human resources, fighting corruption and mitigating wastages in government expenditure. Originality/value – These findings are based on very recent data. Usage of the inequality adjusted human development index first published in 2010, corrects past works of the bulk of criticisms inherent in the first index.
Chained Credit Contracts and Financial Accelerators

Based on the financial accelerator model of Bernanke et al. (1999), we develop a dynamic general equilibrium model for a chain of credit contracts in which financial intermediaries (hereafter FIs) as well as entrepreneurs are subject to credit constraints. Financial intermediation takes place through chained-credit contracts, lending from the market to FIs, and from FIs to entrepreneurs. Calibrated to U.S. data, our model shows that the chained credit contracts enhance the financial accelerator effect, depending on the net worth distribution across sectors: (1) our model reinforces the effects of the net worth shock and the technology shock, compared with a model that omits the FIs' credit friction a la Bernanke et al. (1999); (2) the sectoral shock to FIs has a greater impact than the sectoral shock to entrepreneurs; and (3) the redistribution of net worth from entrepreneurs to FIs reduces the amplification of the technology shock. The key features of the results arise from the asymmetry of the two borrowing sectors: smaller net worth and larger bankruptcy costs of FIs relative to those of entrepreneurs.
TIME DOMAIN SIMULATIONS OF A COUPLED PARAMETRICALLY EXCITED ROLL RESPONSE IN REGULAR AND IRREGULAR HEAD SEAS

In this study dynamic stability problems in head seas are investigated with the use of a timedomain, non-linear numerical model of ship's motions in 5 degrees-of-freedom (sway, heave, roll, pitch, and yaw). The results presented in this paper have shown that the ship can be subjected to the wave-induced parametric resonance in regular and also in irregular waves. A quasi-static approach is adopted to determine the non-linear restoring coefficients in heave, roll, and pitch motions in waves, in which calculations are made using a pressure integration technique over the instantaneous submerged hull. Dynamic and hydrodynamic effects in waves for a given encounter frequency are included in the 5 degrees-of-freedom responses calculations, which are based on the potential flow strip theory. Comparisons between computed values and applicable experimental results demonstrated the usefulness of the technique proposed.
A spectroscopically determined potential energy surface for the ground state of H216O: A new level of accuracy

The potential energy function for the electronic ground state of the water molecule has been obtained by fitting rotation‐vibration term values involving J≤14 for 24 vibrational states of H216O together with 25 additional vibrational term values belonging to higher excited states. The fitting was carried out by means of an exact kinetic energy Hamiltonian. It was found that the differences between the exact kinetic energy calculations and calculations with the morbid program (i.e., calculations with an approximate kinetic energy operator) depend only very slightly on the parameters of the potential. This fact allowed us to make an inexpensive fitting using the morbid approach and still get the accuracy obtainable with the exact kinetic energy Hamiltonian. The standard deviation for 1600 term values was 0.36 cm−1. For 220 ground state energy levels the standard deviation was 0.03 cm−1. With the fitted potential, calculations of term values with J≤35 were carried out. This showed the excellent predictive po.
COMPACT DUST CONCENTRATION IN THE MWC 758 PROTOPLANETARY DISK

The formation of planetesimals requires that primordial dust grains grow from micron- to kilometer-sized bodies. Dust traps caused by gas pressure maxima have been proposed as regions where grains can concentrate and grow fast enough to form planetesimals, before radially migrating onto the star. We report new VLA Ka and Ku observations of the protoplanetary disk around the Herbig Ae/Be star MWC 758. The Ka image shows a compact emission region in the outer disk, indicating a strong concentration of big dust grains. Tracing smaller grains, archival ALMA data in band 7 continuum shows extended disk emission with an intensity maximum to the northwest of the central star, which matches the VLA clump position. The compactness of the Ka emission is expected in the context of dust trapping, as big grains are trapped more easily than smaller grains in gas pressure maxima. We develop a nonaxisymmetric parametric model inspired by a steady-state vortex solution with parameters adequately selected to reproduce the observations, including the spectral energy distribution. Finally, we compare the radio continuum with SPHERE scattered light data. The ALMA continuum spatially coincides with a spiral-like feature seen in scattered light, while the VLA clump is offset from the scattered light maximum. Moreover, the ALMA map shows a decrement that matches a region devoid of scattered polarized emission. Continuum observations at a different wavelength are necessary to conclude whether the VLA-ALMA difference is an opacity or a real dust segregation.
Contact resistivity and suppression of Fermi level pinning in side-contacted germanium nanowires

Electrical properties of contact-interfaces in germanium nanowire field effect transistor devices are studied. In contrast to planar bulk devices, it is shown that the active conduction channel and gate length extend between and underneath the contact electrodes. Furthermore, direct scaling of contact resistivity and Schottky barrier height with electrode metal function is observed. The associated pinning parameter was found to be γ=0.65 ± 0.03, which demonstrates a significant suppression of Fermi level pinning in quasi-one-dimensional structures.
DISTRIBUTED LOW-MASS STAR FORMATION IN THE IRDC G34.43+00.24

We have used deep near-infrared observations with adaptive optics to discover a distributed population of low-mass protostars within the filamentary Infrared Dark Cloud G34.43+00.24. We use maps of dust emission at multiple wavelengths to determine the column density structure of the cloud. In combination with an empirically verified model of the magnitude distribution of background stars, this column density map allows us to reliably determine overdensities of red sources that are due to embedded protostars in the cloud. We also identify protostars through their extended emission in the K band, which comes from excited H2 in protostellar outflows or reflection nebulosity. We find a population of distributed low-mass protostars, suggesting that low-mass protostars may form earlier than, or contemporaneously with, high-mass protostars in such a filament. The low-mass protostellar population may also produce the narrow line-width SiO emission observed in some clouds without high-mass protostars. Finally, we use a molecular line map of the cloud to determine the virial parameter per unit length along the filament and find that the highest mass protostars form in the most bound portion of the filament, as suggested by theoretical models.
The extremes of random walks in random sceneries

In this article we analyse the behaviour of the extremes of a random walk in a random scenery. The random walk is assumed to be in the domain of attraction of a stable law, and the scenery is assumed to be in the domain of attraction of an extreme value distribution. The resulting random sequence is stationary and strongly dependent if the underlying random walk is recurrent. We prove a limit theorem for the extremes of the resulting stationary process. However, if the underlying random walk is recurrent, the limit distribution is not in the class of classical extreme value distributions.
Estimating the atmospheric concentration of Criegee intermediates and their possible interference in a FAGE-LIF instrument

Abstract. We analysed the extensive dataset from the HUMPPA-COPEC 2010 and the HOPE 2012 field campaigns in the boreal forest and rural environments of Finland and Germany, respectively, and estimated the abundance of stabilised Criegee intermediates (SCIs) in the lower troposphere. Based on laboratory tests, we propose that the background OH signal observed in our IPI-LIF-FAGE instrument during the aforementioned campaigns is caused at least partially by SCIs. This hypothesis is based on observed correlations with temperature and with concentrations of unsaturated volatile organic compounds and ozone. Just like SCIs, the background OH concentration can be removed through the addition of sulfur dioxide. SCIs also add to the previously underestimated production rate of sulfuric acid. An average estimate of the SCI concentration of ∼ 5.0 × 104 molecules cm−3 (with an order of magnitude uncertainty) is calculated for the two environments. This implies a very low ambient concentration of SCIs, though, over the boreal forest, significant for the conversion of SO2 into H2SO4. The large uncertainties in these calculations, owing to the many unknowns in the chemistry of Criegee intermediates, emphasise the need to better understand these processes and their potential effect on the self-cleaning capacity of the atmosphere.
Nonparametric Structural Estimation of Labor Supply in the Presence of Censoring

This paper extends the nonparametric structural method to estimate labor supply developed by Blomquist and Newey (2002) to handle cases in which there are individuals who do not work. The method is then applied to married women in Sweden from 1973 to 1999. I find an uncompensated wage elasticity of 0.98 and an income elasticity of -0.10, with the participation margin accounting for one third of the wage elasticity and two thirds of the income elasticity. The elasticities vary, however, a lot over time due to differences in tax systems and demographics. I also find results consistent with tax rates being around the net government revenue maximizing rates.
Liquidity Creation Without Banks

I revisit the Diamond-Dybvig model of liquidity insurance in the presence of hidden trades. The key result is that in this environment deposit-taking banks are not necessary for the efficient provision of liquidity. Mutual funds are constrained efficient when supplemented with the same government liquidity regulation that is required to make a banking system constrained efficient. However, whereas banks are potentially subject to costly panics, mutual funds are not run-prone and hence superior from a welfare perspective if runs happen with a non-zero probability.
Malfunction of Sertoli cell secretion leads to testicular damage in diabetic rats

In this work, we investigate changes in the secretory function of Sertoli cells in diabetic rats and its correlation with testicular damage. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg/i.p.) in adult rats. Eight weeks later, testicular tissue was harvested. Serum inhibin B (INHB) and testosterone (T) levels were measured by ELISA. The levels of secretory proteins, such as androgen-binding protein (ABP) and transferrin (TF), were measured by western blot analysis. Testicular damage was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and apoptosis was identified by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Seminiferous tubular sperm formation was evaluated by the Johnsen’s score. In diabetic rats, ABP protein levels (P = 0.038), serum INHB (P = 0.031), and T levels (P = 0.039) decreased greatly, whereas the decrease in TF protein levels (P = 0.247) was not significant. Additionally, TUNEL-positive cells (P = 0.000) increased and the Johnsen’s score (P = 0.000) decreased in diabetic testes. These results suggest that the secretory function of Sertoli cells in diabetic rats was damaged. The altered secretory function of Sertoli cells may be responsible for disturbed spermatogenesis.
The Viscosity of Nanofluids: A Review of the Theoretical, Empirical, and Numerical Models

The enhanced thermal characteristics of nanofluids have made it one of the most raplidly growing research areas in the last decade. Numerous researches have shown the merits of nanofluids in heat transfer equipment. However, one of the problems is the increase in viscosity due to the suspension of nanoparticles. This viscosity increase is not desirable in the industry, especially when it involves flow, such as in heat exchanger or microchannel applications where lowering pressure drop and pumping power are of significance. In this regard, a critical review of the theoretical, empirical, and numerical models for effective viscosity of nanofluids is presented. Furthermore, different parameters affecting the viscosity of nanofluids such as nanoparticle volume fraction, size, shape, temperature, pH, and shearing rate are reviewed. Other properties such as nanofluid stability and magnetorheological characteristics of some nanofluids are also reviewed. The important parameters influencing viscosity of nanofluids are temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction, size, shape, pH, and shearing rate. Regarding the composite of nanofluids, which can consist of different fluid bases and different nanoparticles, different accurate correlations for different nanofluids need to be developed. Finally, there is a lack of investigation into the stability of different nanofluids when the viscosity is the target point.
The directional dimension of subanalytic sets is invariant under bi-Lipschitz homeomorphisms

Let A ⊂ R n be a set-germ at 0 ∈ R n such that 0 ∈ A. We say that r ∈ S n−1 is a direction of A at 0 ∈ R n if there is a sequence of points {xi} ⊂ A\{0} tending to 0 ∈ R n such that x i k xik → r as i → ∞. Let D(A) denote the set of all directions of A at 0 ∈ R n . Let A, B ⊂ R n be subanalytic set-germs at 0 ∈ R n such that 0 ∈ A ∩ B. We study the problem of whether the dimension of the common direction set, dim(D(A) ∩ D(B)) is preserved by bi-Lipschitz homeomorphisms. We show that although it is not true in general, it is preserved if the images of A and B are also subanalytic. In particular if two subanalytic set-germs are bi-Lipschitz equivalent their direction sets must have the same dimension. Let us recall the notion of blow-analyticity. Let f, g : (R n ,0) → (R,0) be analytic function-germs. We say that they are blow-analytically equivalent if there are real modifications � : (M, � −1 (0)) → (R n ,0), � ' : (M ' , � '−1 (0)) → (R n ,0) and an analytic isomorphism � : (M, � −1 (0)) → (M ' , � '−1 (0)) which induces a homeomorphism φ : (R n ,0) → (R n ,0), � ' ◦ � = φ ◦ � , such that f = g ◦ φ. A blow-analytic homeomorphism is such a φ, a homeomorphism induced by an analytic isomorphism via real modifications.