Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Light absorption and size scaling of light‐limited metabolism in marine diatoms

Previous studies have found that the size‐scaling exponent of metabolic rates in unicellular algae often deviates from the exponent of −1/4 usually found for heterotrophs. This study confirms a significant linear relationship between log cell volume (mm3) and log intrinsic growth rate (h−1), carbon‐normalized photosynthetic capacity and performance (h−1), and carbon−normalized respiratory rate (h−1) for eight marine centric diatoms under nutrient−saturated, light‐limited conditions. The intrinsic growth rate and carbon‐normalized respiratory rate have size‐scaling exponents not significantly different from −1/4, whereas the carbon‐specific photosynthetic rates deviate from −1/4. The size dependence of the optical absorption cross section (m2 mg chlorophyll a−1) due to the package effect provides a mechanistic model that explains the anomalous size scaling of the anabolic rates of unicellular phytoplankton.
Altered Bacterial Communities in Long-Term No-Till Soils Associated with Stratification of Soluble Aluminum and Soil pH

Soil acidification is a global issue that often results in increased aluminum (Al) toxicity. While no-till (NT) management has many benefits regarding sustainability, a discrete zone of acidification often occurs when ammoniacal fertilizers are banded below the seed. The full agroecological consequences of NT stratification and impacts on bacterial communities are largely unknown. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt), we characterized the influence of liming amendment and soil stratification on bacterial community composition and predicted function in 2-cm depth increments. Soil depth, pH, DTPA extractable aluminum (DTPA-Al), and KCl extractable Al (KCl-Al) were all significantly correlated with bacterial community structure and function. In soils with the lowest pH and greatest extractable Al, bacterial community was distinct, with highest relative abundance of the Koribacteraceae family, an indicator of soil degradation. Additionally, aspects of bacterial metabolism and nutrient turnover were impacted in the lowest pH zones, including secondary metabolite, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism. These results suggest that soil stratification (Al and pH) in NT systems has direct impacts on microbial community structure and function, potentially influencing ecosystem services at a highly resolved spatial scale within surface depths relevant to seed germination and emergence.
Austronesian Nominalism and its consequences: A Tagalog case study

Theoretical Linguistics 35–1 (2009), 1–49 0301–4428/09/0035–0001 DOI 10.1515/THLI.2009. 001 6 Walter de Gruyter * I thank audiences at AFLA XV, the CUNY Graduate Center and NYU where I presented parts of the present paper. A special debt of gratitude goes to the organizers of Beyond Focus Austronesian workshop at the Zentrum für Allegemeine Sprachwissenschaft whose invitation prompted me to begin thinking about these issues more seriously. I also thank, Edith Aldridge, Marcel den Dikken, Manfred Krifka, John Whitman, Malcolm Ross, Nikolaus Himmelmann and Paul Kroeger for helpful discussion and critiques, none of whom, needless to say, should share any blame for the ideas presented here. Finally, I express a great debt of gratitude to Myrna Galvan for patiently sharing all her intuitions and judgments. A note on transcription: I employ here a variant of the transcription system introduced in Wol¤, Centeno & Rau (2005) where long vowels are marked by an acute accent and the final glottal stop is marked by a grave accent. The genitive case marker, written as ng in Filipino orthography, is transcribed here as pronounced, i.e. nang. Abbreviations: av – actor voice, beg – begun aspect, cv – conveyance voice, dat – dative, dep – dependent, dst – distributive, gen – genitive case, imprf – imperfective, lim – limitative, lnk – linker, loc – locative, lv – locative voice, nom – nominative (default) case, obl – oblique case, pl – plural, poss – possessive, pst – past, pv – patient voice, rslt – resultative, sta – stative. Author's Copy
Agribusiness Firm Resources and Performance: The Mediating Role of Strategic Management Practices

This study investigated the relationship between firm s’ resources, strategic management practices and performance of small agribusiness firms. The objective was to demonstrate the role of strategic management practices in facilitating effective use of firm s’ resources to achieve their agribusiness performance. Results from a structural equation model using a sample of 229 agribusiness firms from Tanzania indicated that the investigated resources alone do not directly contribute to a firm ’s performance unless there is application of strategic management as a potential mediator. Further investigation based on multi-group analysis showed three groups of firms, which differed in their resourcesperformance relationship. The results imply that managers ought to identify a fit between their resources and strategic actions in order to enhance firm s’ performance. The study provides manifold managerial implications for small firms that seek to improve their performance. [EconLit citations: J24, M31, Q13, Q18].
Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal) on Layer Hen Performance, Egg Quality and Egg Cholesterol

Sixty four Lohmman layer hens of twenty eight weeks age were selected and divided into four dietary treatment contained gum Arabic at levels 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5% to assess the effect of gum Arabic on egg production, egg quality, and cholesterol. Overall egg production, FCR and hen day production during eight weeks were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by dietary treatment. Birds fed 7.5% gum Arabic showed lower feed consumption during eight weeks. All dietary treatment presented negative body weight change. Egg cholesterol showed significant decreased for bird fed 5% gum Arabic. Overall egg weight was significantly (P 0.05) different between treatments.
Foreign direct investment, financial development and economic growth: A panel data analysis

ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of financial development in enabling foreign direct investment to promote economic growth. A sample of 65 developing countries is examined over the period of 2009 to 2015 with the dynamic panel estimation by using Generalized Method of Moment (GMM). Financial development is measured using three financial indicators and an index of financial development is constructed based on the following indicators: domestic credit to private sector, liquid liabilities and private credit by banks. The results demonstrate that the financial development index contributes positively and higher than each financial development proxy in influencing the effects of FDI on economic growth. However, FDI influence negative effect in the group of countries of low level of financial development. Thus, it suggests that financial development need to be increased and serves as a form of absorptive capacity that enable the positive growth effects of FDI in the recipient countries. Keywords: Financial development; economic growth; foreign direct investment; developing countries ABSTRAK Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kesan pembangunan kewangan sebagai pemangkin kepada pelaburan langsung asing (FDI) untuk menggalakkan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sampel 65 buah negara sedang membangun bagi tempoh 2009 hingga 2015 digunakan dalam kajian ini. Penganggaran kajian adalah dengan menggunakan panel dinamik, iaitu Kaedah Momen Teritlak (GMM). Pembangunan kewangan diukur dengan menggunakan tiga petunjuk kewangan dan indeks pembangunan kewangan dibina berdasarkan penunjuk berikut: kredit domestik kepada sector swasta, liabiliti kecairan dan kredit swasta oleh bank. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa indeks pembangunan kewangan menyumbang positif dan lebih tinggi daripada setiap proksi pembangunan kewangan secara individu dalam mempengaruhi kesan FDI ke atas pembangunan ekonomi. Walau bagaimana pun, FDI berhubungan secara negatif kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi di kumpulan negara yang mempunyai tahap pembangunan kewangan yang rendah. Oleh itu, kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa pembangunan kewangan perlu dipertingkatkan yang mana ia berfungsi sebagai satu bentuk kapasiti penyerap yang membantu meningkatkan kesan pertumbuhan positif FDI di negara penerima. Kata kunci: Pembangunan kewangan; pertumbuhan ekonomi; pelaburan langsung asing; negara membangun
Monetary policy and inequality under household heterogeneity and incomplete markets

Motivated by the empirical evidence of the effects of unanticipated nominal interest rate increases on the evolution of household inequality in Mexico, which highlight the importance of insurance mechanisms to deal with idiosyncratic risks, the paper uses a Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian model to analyze the relationship between monetary policy and household inequality. The model is able to capture the main features that characterise both the business cycle dynamics, as well as the distribution of income and wealth. Results indicate that heterogeneity affects the transmission of monetary policy, and that the design of monetary policy has important distributive effects.
Viscosity measurement of subliquidus magmas: 1707 basalt of Fuji volcano

We have installed a new furnace equipped with a rotational viscometer for use in viscometry at high tempera- ture (one atmosphere) under controlled oxygen fugacities. This furnace allows sampling at the time of the vis- cosity measurement. Utilizing this furnace, we examined the relationship between textural parameters (crystal- linity and the apparent aspect ratio of crystals) and viscosity during cooling of a basaltic magma. The 1707 basalt from Fuji volcano was used for the experiment and the result shows a drastic increase in viscosity from the liquidus temperature (1230°C; η = 52 Pa s), through 1170°C (crystallinity = 11%; η = 350 Pa s), to 1130°C (crystallinity = 23%; η = 1950 Pa s). The increase in viscosity during cooling is affected by both the increase of the crystallinity and the change of melt composition as a result of crystallization. For the basalt from Fuji vol- cano, crystallization of thin tabular plagioclase enhanced the strong effect of crystal entanglement, whereas the changes of melt compositions did not affect the viscosity because of the increase of ferromagnesian compo- nents and the decrease of feldspathic component in the residual liquid during crystallization. The effect of the presence of crystals on the viscosity is much larger than that expected from the Einstein-Roscoe equation with Marsh's constant (η = η 0 (1 − ϕ /0.6) -2.5 ), where ϕ denotes the crystal fraction. The additional correction of Simha on the solid shape parameter slightly overestimates the increase in relative viscosity in the presence of thin platy crystals. A shear rate dependence of the viscosity was observed at lower temperature crystal-rich con- ditions.
THE VALUE OF FOREIGN OWNERSHIP1

We use firm level data on cross-border mergers and acquisitions and share prices to explore the extent to which foreign ownership increases the profitability of firms in emerging markets. We find that cross-border acquisitions add value to target firms. However, there is only weak evidence that such acquisitions add more value than purely domestic acquisitions. Further, most of this latter effect occurs when the target firm’s country is in a crisis.
Cardiopulmonary and acid-base effects of tramadol in cats anesthetized with sevoflurane = Efeito cardiopulmonar e ácido básico do tramadol em gatas anestesiadas pelo sevoflurano

The experiment assessed the cardiorespiratory and hemogasometric profiles in female cats under sevoflurane resulting from the administration of tramadol. Twenty clinically healthy adult female cats separated equally into two groups: control group (CG) and tramadol group (TG) were sedated with intramuscular acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg), followed by anesthetic induction intravenous propofol (5mg/kg). After endotracheal intubation, animals were maintained on sevoflurane in oxygen administered using a non-rebreathing (Baraka) circuit. The oxygen flow-rate was maintained at 2 L per minute. Fifteen minutes after induction, either 0.05 ml/kg 0.9% saline solution or 2mg/kg tramadol were administered, both intramuscularly, to the animals in CG and TG, respectively. The period of time immediately previous to these administrations was considered as moment zero (T0). The variables were again measured 15 minutes later (T15) and subsequently in 15 minute intervals for a total of sixty minutes (T30, T45 and T60). The results were statistically evaluated through variance analysis of repeated measures (ANOVA) followed by a Tukey test or Student t-test with the nullity hypothesis rejection level set to p<0.05. The use of tramadol reduced cardiac frequency (CF), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). There was a reduction of the respiratory frequency (RF) and an elevation of the PaCO 2 . The body temperature (oC) lowered in both groups throughout the experiment. The results allow us to conclude that tramadol in cats anesthetized with sevoflurane does not undergo significant cardiorespiratory and blood-gas changes, although there are significant differences in some parameters between groups, all results remained within feline standard physiological values.
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE ORDER THALASSIOSIRALES (BACILLARIOPHYTA) AND EVOLUTION OF THE FULTOPORTULA 1

Recent phylogenetic studies of the diatoms indicate that members of the order Thalassiosirales occupy an interesting position in the diatom evolutionary tree. Despite their radial morphology and scaly auxospores, they are consistently recovered in molecular analyses as a member of subdivision Bacillariophytina and a sister clade to non‐fultoportulate and non‐radial lithodesmioids. This study included 46 species from nine traditionally accepted extant genera, and analyzed 43 nuclear small subunit (SSU) rRNA sequences in parallel with a survey of the variation in fultoportula structure. Three possible scenarios leading to the evolution of the fultoportula are discussed in the context of molecular and morphological similarities between the examined Thalassiosirales and their SSU rRNA sister clade Lithodesmiales. We speculate that the fultoportula might be derived by a modification of either a cribrum in an areola (fultoportula within an areola), or structures similar to marginal ridges now seen in lithodesmioids around a cluster of poroids (fultoportula in a tube), or finally, that the central fultoportula may have an origin different from the marginal fultoportulae. Our data confirm that fultoportula‐bearing diatoms constitute a natural phylogenetic group. The families Thalassiosiraceae, Skeletonemaceae, and Stephanodiscaceae and the genus Thalassiosira Cleve were unexpectedly found to be paraphyletic. Further, Cyclotella Kutz. and Stephanodiscus Ehr. may not be closely related and some species of these genera are more closely allied to other species of Thalassiosira. The generitype, T. nordenskioeldii, is embedded within a large poorly structured cluster of species that includes several members of Thalassiosira, Planktoniella sol, Minidiscus trioculatus, and two members of Stephanodiscus. An emendment of the order Lithodesmiales and the family Lauderiaceae are proposed.
Relationship between Technical and Vocational Acquired Skills and Skills Required in Job Market; Evidence from TVET Institutions, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya

Skills are a key driver for growth, employment and competitiveness: they lay the foundation for productivity and innovation. Investment in training is also an investment in innovation, since much technical change results from incremental innovations by skills workers and engineers on the factory floor. The purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between technical and vocational acquired skills and skills required in job market. The study used questionnaires to collect data from 200 former graduates in technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. Study findings provide precursory evidence that some of the skill provided in TVET like Interpersonal skills, Personal qualities, Ability to use numerical data, Critical analysis, teamwork and experience are below what is required in the job market. Nevertheless, TVET institutions were offering adequate skills equal to what employers require such as Management skills, Thinking skills and Creativity and innovative skills . As such to focus on achieving Millennium Developmental Goals (MDGs), Policies and approaches to technical and vocational education and training (TVET) need to undergone major re-adjustment to upgrade the skills of those employed in new industries. Keywords: Acquired Skills, Required Skills, TVET, TVSD, Job Market,
Corporate political activity, public policy uncertainty, and firm outcomes: A meta-analysis

Although significant scholarship has been devoted to the study of corporate political activity, contradictory messages emerge regarding its impact on public policy outcomes and firm performance. Using meta-analytic methods on a US-only sample of 93 studies, working papers, and books, we try to disentangle two mechanisms that explain why corporate political activity is not always beneficial to firms: (1) the uncertainty about the public policy process itself, that is, can firms get the policies they want through corporate political activity? and (2) the uncertainty about the policies’ impact on the firm, that is, whether firms effectively anticipate the implications of policies for their performance. Our results support the idea that these types of uncertainty play an important role in explaining the intermediary dynamics of corporate political activity. We find that in the United States, corporate political activity only weakly impacts public policy and at best has a (direct) weak effect on corporate outcomes.
Assessment of the Optimal Replacement Levels of Maize with Water Lettuce Leaf (Pistia Stratiotes) based Diets for Clarias gariepinus

A 56 days-feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effects of Water Lettuce Leaf Meal as a partial replacement for Yellow Maize Meal in the practical diets for the freshwater mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles. Five diets in which WLLM replaced YMM at 0%, 25%, 50%,75% and 100%; designated as Diet 1(control), Diet 2, Diet 3, Diet 4 and Diet 5 respectively. The replacement levels were prepared and fed to Clarias gariepinus juveniles. At the end of the feeding experiment, the replacement effects on the growth and nutrient utilization indices; weight gain(WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), Food conversion ratio (FCR), percentage survival rate (PSR) and total fish production (TFP)were determined. The treatment fed with control diet 1 WLLM (0%) gave growth and nutrient utilization results as expected. Weight gain (70.60 g) in WLLM (Diet 1) was significantly higher (p 0.05) between the feed efficiency of practical diets 1, 2 and 3; PSR in the group fed 50% WLLM (86.67) was significantly different than values observed in groups fed other diets. Hence, made diet 3 (50% WLLM) having incredible total fish production value of 7.49 kg/m3.
Droplet activation behaviour of atmospheric black carbon particles in fog as a function of their size and mixing state

Abstract. Among the variety of particle types present in the atmosphere, black carbon (BC), emitted by combustion processes, is uniquely associated with harmful effects to the human body and substantial radiative forcing of the Earth. Pure BC is known to be non-hygroscopic, but its ability to acquire a coating of hygroscopic organic and inorganic material leads to increased diameter and hygroscopicity, facilitating droplet activation. This affects BC radiative forcing through aerosol–cloud interactions (ACIs) and BC life cycle. To gain insights into these processes, we performed a field campaign in winter 2015–2016 in a residential area of Zurich which aimed at establishing relations between the size and mixing state of BC particles and their activation to form droplets in fog. This was achieved by operating a CCN counter (CCNC), a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) behind a combination of a total- and an interstitial-aerosol inlet. Our results indicate that in the morning hours of weekdays, the enhanced traffic emissions caused peaks in the number fraction of externally mixed BC particles, which do not act as CCN within the CCNC. The very low effective peak supersaturations (SSpeak) occurring in fog (between approximately 0.03 % and 0.06 % during this campaign) restrict droplet activation to a minor fraction of the aerosol burden (around 0.5 % to 1 % of total particle number concentration between 20 and 593 nm) leading to very selective criteria on diameter and chemical composition. We show that bare BC cores are unable to activate to fog droplets at such low SSpeak, while BC particles surrounded by thick coating have very similar activation behaviour to BC-free particles. Using simplified κ-Köhler theory combined with the ZSR mixing rule assuming spherical core–shell particle geometry constrained with single-particle measurements of respective volumes, we found good agreement between the predicted and the directly observed size- and mixing-state-resolved droplet activation behaviour of BC-containing particles in fog. This successful closure demonstrates the predictability of their droplet activation in fog with a simplified theoretical model only requiring size and mixing state information, which can also be applied in a consistent manner in model simulations.
Potential novel habitat created by holdfasts from cultivated Laminaria digitata: assessing the macroinvertebrate assemblages

Interest in the cultivation of native kelp species is increasing within Europe. Obser- vations of seaweed farms suggest that they may act as a habitat for associated species, potentially altering the richness of the local area. Previous studies have generally focused on species associ- ated with wild kelps, showing the holdfast to be relatively species-rich. Little research has, how- ever, been conducted on the species associated with cultivated kelps. The habitat created by cul- tivated kelp holdfasts may act as a novel habitat and not simply an expansion of existing kelp habitat, due to differences in holdfast age, holdfast morphology and holdfast position in the water column. Laminaria digitata from the west of Ireland were examined to test if these differences result in the fauna of cultivated (suspended) holdfasts being distinct from wild (benthic) stands. To place the results in a broader context, patterns were compared to holdfastrichness relationships observed in comparable studies from the NE Atlantic. Total abundance of holdfast epifauna was similar across benthic and suspended holdfasts from the west of Ireland, although species richness was higher in suspended samples. Richness and abundance in suspended kelp holdfasts were consistent with the range of values recorded in other wild kelp studies. There were significant dif- ferences in assemblage composition between holdfast types (ANOSIM; R = 0.383, p < 0.05). The distributions of faunal feeding types did not, however, vary between suspended and benthic kelps. Suspended holdfasts in the west of Ireland represented a novel habitat with higher species richness and a different species assemblage when compared to adjacent benthic kelps.