Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Clinical Features, Comorbidity, and Associated Factors

Objective: The prevalence rate of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was found to be higher in women during pregnancy and puerperium than that estimated in the general population. Additionally, the symptomatology of OCD shows several variations during the lifetime of women. Objective of the current study was to examine the clinical characteristics and comorbidity with other anxiety and mood disorders of pregnancy-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (POCD) and to investigate factors related to POCD. Method: The study sample was composed of three groups. The first group (POCD group) included 20 consecutive pregnant women meeting the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) for OCD, showing an onset of OCD during their current pregnancy. The second group (non-OCD group) consisted of 207 consecutive pregnant women without any mood or anxiety disorders to assess factors associated with POCD. In addition, the study included a control group to compare the symptoms of POCD and non-pregnancy-onset OCD. The control group was composed of 40 nonpregnant female outpatients with OCD. Type and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). OCD and other anxiety or mood disorders were determined by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I). Comorbid axis II disorders were diagnosed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Results: The mean onset time of OCD in the POCD group was 13.3±6.35 (week5-28) gestational weeks. OCD occurred during the first trimester of pregnancy in 9 women (45%), during the second trimester in 10 (50%) women, and during the third trimester in 1 (5%) woman. The most common obsessions were contamination (n=16, 80%) and symmetry/exactness (n=6, 30%), and the most common compulsions were cleaning/ washing (n=16, 80%) and checking (n=12, 60%) in POCD. Thirteen (65%) of the pregnant OCD patients met the criteria for a mood or anxiety disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder was the most frequently diagnosed axis I disorder (40%, n=8). The independent factors associated with POCD were cigarette smoking (p=0.002), the existence of an anxiety disorder at onset of pregnancy (p=0.000), and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (p=0.003). Conclusion: The present study suggests that POCD presents similar clinical characteristics with nonpregnancy-onset OCD. Mood or anxiety disorder comorbidity is observed in more than half of the women with POCD. Additionally, pregnant women who have at least one of 3 factors (cigarette smoking, the existence of an anxiety disorder at onset of pregnancy, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder) seem to be at risk for POCD.
Sensitivity of International Blocs' Trade Effect to Alternative Specifications of the Gravity Equation

There are so many versions of the gravity model in the international trade literature that their results on trade effects inevitably vary even for the same international blocs. This paper evaluates these alternative specifications, and compares the resulting trade effects. The results show that there is considerable sensitivity to the specification of the gravity model used. Therefore, it is important to use the proper specification to accurately measure the trade effects. This paper suggests that removing restrictions on the parameters of the model with the introduction of year, exporter, importer, and bilateral effects is necessary to properly specify the model. In particular, factors included in the augmented model, especially monetary and spatial variables, are significant. An analysis of the resulting model also shows that international blocs effect on trade vary across blocs by the level of integration, the degree of their implementation, and their sectoral coverage.
Vitamin D supplementation increases calcium absorption without a threshold effect 1 – 3

Background: The maximal calcium absorption in response to vitamin D has been proposed as a biomarker for vitamin D sufficiency. Objective: The objective was to determine whether there is a threshold beyond which increasing doses of vitamin D, or concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], no longer increase cal-
Novel Microfabricated Batteries for Marine Sensors: In-situ Catholyte Generation via Water Addition

Flat micro fabricated galvanic cells have been reported in the recent literature. In this work we present an aluminum-anode cell, which has been loaded with an oxyhalogenated organic compound (sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione) that releases hypochlorite ions via a hydrolysis reaction when water is added. A catalytic metal is used as the current collector. This novel concept in micro cells and the electrochemical characterization of the fabricated cells are presented herein. The results show that the fresh in-situ formation of hypochlorite ions, using the mentioned hydrolysis reaction, constitute a packaging strategy for the oxidizer that leads to advantageous features, especially for battery systems to be used in marine applications. Cells with improved operational life and capacities (about six to ten times larger than in a cell activated with the 10% sodium hypochlorite solution, recently reported in literature) are described herein.
Working memory impairments in alcohol-dependent participants without clinical amnesia.

BACKGROUND The delayed alternation (DA) task is highly sensitive to the deficits of nonhuman animals with alcohol-related brain damage. DA is thought to measure working memory which serves as a temporary store for processing of information. However, performance on this type of task has only been investigated in alcohol-dependent humans with severe cognitive deficits. The aim of the current study was to explore the validity of DA as a test sensitive to alcohol-related brain damage by manipulating storage and processing components in three versions of the task. It was hypothesized that alcohol-dependent people would perform worse than control participants and that their deficits would be more pronounced in DA versions with maximal working memory demands. METHODS A sample of 12 alcohol-dependent participants without Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome was compared with a sample of 12 nonalcohol-dependent controls on three versions of DA. These versions, in order of increasing working memory demand, were single alternation (LR), double alternation (LLRR), and asymmetric alternation (LRRR). DA was administered on a personal computer and performance measured by the number of trials taken to reach criterion. RESULTS Alcohol-dependent participants, compared with the control participants, took more trials to reach learning criterion on DA on all versions when analyzed together (p = 0.002). Performance on DA was also found to deteriorate with increased working memory demands in both groups of participants (p < 0.001). However, the deficits of alcohol-dependent participants were most pronounced on the DA task with moderate (LLRR) as opposed to extreme (LRRR) working memory demands. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that both storage and processing demands are necessary for task performance and demonstrate sensitivity of DA to alcohol-related brain injury.
Modeling aerobic carbon source degradation processes using titrimetric data and combined respirometric–titrimetric data: Experimental data and model structure

Experimental data are presented that resulted from aerobic batch degradation experiments in activated sludge with simple carbon sources (acetate and dextrose) as substrates. Data collection was done using combined respirometric–titrimetric measurements. The respirometer consists of an open aerated vessel and a closed non‐aerated respiration chamber for monitoring the oxygen uptake rate related to substrate degradation. The respirometer is combined with a titrimetric unit that keeps the pH of the activated sludge sample at a constant value by addition of acid and/or base. The experimental data clearly showed that the activated sludge bacteria react with consumption or production of protons during aerobic degradation of the two carbon sources under study. Thus, the cumulative amount of added acid and/or base could serve as a complementary information source on the degradation processes. For acetate, protons were consumed during aerobic degradation, whereas for dextrose protons were produced. For both carbon sources, a linear relationship was found between the amount of carbon source added and the amount of protons consumed (in case of acetate: 0.38 meq/mmol) or produced (in case of dextrose: 1.33 meq/mmol) during substrate degradation. A model taking into account substrate uptake, CO2 production, and NH3 uptake for biomass growth is proposed to describe the aerobic degradation of a CxHyOz‐type carbon source. Theoretical evaluation of this model for reference parameters showed that the proton effect due to aerobic substrate degradation is a function of the pH of the liquid phase. The proposed model could describe the experimental observations with both carbon sources. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 741–753, 2002.
Lipid resuscitation of bupivacaine toxicity: long-chain triglyceride emulsion provides benefits over long- and medium-chain triglyceride emulsion.

BACKGROUND The superiority of Intralipid, a long-chain triglyceride (LCT) emulsion versus Lipovenoes, a long- and medium-chain triglyceride (LCT/MCT) emulsion, in reversing local anesthetic-induced cardiac arrest is poorly defined and needs to be determined. METHODS The study included two parts: in experiment A, bupivacaine (20 mg/kg) was injected to produce asystole. Either Intralipid 20% (LCT group, n = 30) or Lipovenoes 20% (LCT/MCT group, n = 30) with epinephrine was infused immediately. Return of spontaneous circulation and recurrence of asystole after resuscitation were recorded. In experiment B, 80 rats using the same model and resuscitation protocol were divided into 10 groups: LCT₀, LCT₁₅, LCT₃₀, LCT₆₀, and LCT₁₂₀ and LCT/MCT₀, LCT/MCT₁₅, LCT/MCT₃₀, LCT/MCT₆₀, and LCT/MCT₁₂₀ (n = 8 each; the subscripts represent respective observation period). LCT₁₅-LCT₁₂₀ and LCT/MCT₁₅-LCT/MCT₁₂₀ groups received Intralipid 20% or Lipovenoes 20%, respectively. Plasma and myocardial bupivacaine and triglyceride concentrations, as well as myocardial bioenergetics, were determined. RESULTS In experiment A, 24 rats in LCT group and 23 in LCT/MCT group achieved return of spontaneous circulation (P = 0.754); among them, 2 (8.3%) and 8 (34.8%) rats suffered a repeated asystole, respectively (P = 0.027). In experiment B, plasma and myocardial bupivacaine concentrations in LCT₁₅ and LCT₆₀ groups were lower than LCT/MCT₁₅ and LCT/MCT₆₀ groups, respectively. Furthermore, the plasma bupivacaine level in LCT/MCT₆₀ group was higher than LCT/MCT₃₀ group (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS LCT emulsion may be superior to LCT/MCT emulsion in treating bupivacaine-related cardiotoxicity as it was associated with fewer recurrences of asystole after resuscitation and lower myocardial bupivacaine concentrations.
Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus for induction therapy in patients with active lupus nephritis

After the completion of a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, tacrolimus (TAC) was approved for the treatment of lupus nephritis (LN) in Japan. However, the approved maximal dose, 3 mg/day, is almost half the dose used for induction therapy outside Japan. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of low-dose TAC (≤3 mg/day) for induction therapy in 13 adult patients (2 men and 11 women) with active LN. Eight patients were treated for LN flares. Twelve patients underwent renal biopsies: 8 with class IV, 2 with class III + V, 1 with class IV + V, and 1 with class V renal histology, according to the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) classification. The mean initial doses of prednisone and TAC were 34.6 ± 14.5 and 2.7 ± 0.6 mg/day, respectively. All the patients achieved a complete remission (CR) at 7.7 ± 6.7 months (mean ± SD) after the last administration of TAC, except for 2 patients who discontinued TAC treatment; 1 because of worsening systemic lupus erythematosus and 1 because of hypertension. Two patients experienced a flare-up after achieving CR. The mean blood TAC concentration 12 h after the last administration (C12) was significantly lower among the patients with flare-ups than among those with a sustained CR (1.5 ± 1.5 vs. 5.1 ± 1.9 ng/mL, P = 0.034). These data showed that low-dose TAC was effective for induction therapy in patients with active LN, although a lower TAC concentration may be associated with a poor outcome.
Influence of light-curing unit systems on shear bond strength and marginal microleakage of composite resin restorations

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different photopolymerization (halogen, halogen soft-start and LED) systems on shear bond strength (SBS) and marginal microleakage of composite resin restorations. Forty Class V cavities (enamel and dentin margins) were prepared for microleakage assessment, and 160 enamel and dentin fragments were prepared for the SBS test, and divided into 4 groups. Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests showed statistically significant difference in microleakage between the margins (p 0.05) neither between substrates nor among groups. It was concluded that Soft-Start technique with high intensity end-light influenced negatively the cervical marginal sealing, but the light-curing systems did not influence adhesion.
A crosslinguistic study of the relationship between grammar and lexical development

The relationship between grammatical and lexical development was compared in 233 English and 233 Italian children aged between 1;6 and 2;6, matched for age, gender, and vocabulary size on the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories (CDI). Four different measures of Mean Length of Utterance were applied to the three longest utterances reported by parents, and to corrected/expanded versions representing the ‘target’ for each utterance. Italians had longer MLUs on most measures, but the ratio of actual to target MLUs did not differ between languages. Age and vocabulary both contributed significant variance to MLU, but the contribution of vocabulary was much larger, suggesting that vocabulary size may provide a better basis for crosslinguistic comparisons of grammatical development. The relationship between MLU and vocabulary size was non-linear in English but linear in Italian, suggesting that grammar ‘gets off the ground’ earlier in a richly inflected language. A possible mechanism to account for this difference is discussed.
Short communication. Harvest stage effects on forage yield and quality for rape and turnip genotypes

The effects of two different harvest stages (full flowering and full podding) on forage yield and quality of ten forage rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) and three turnip (Brassica rapa L. var. rapa) cultivars were evaluated under rainfed conditions in a Mediterranean type climate at Bursa, Turkey, during the 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 growing seasons. Plant height, branches per plant, leaf length and width, plant part components, and dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yield were measured. Significant differences were observed for the main effects cultivar and harvest stage on DM and protein yields. The CP content of the whole plant and vegetative parts of the Brassica genotypes decreased as plant maturity progressed. In general, turnip cultivars showed better performance in DM yield. Fall sown turnip produced 9.10 and 12.1 Mg ha ‐1 DM yield, with 15.1 and 9.10% CP concentrations, at full flowering and at podding stage, respectively. Significant differences were noted among cultivars for these two parameters. Protein content decreased dramatically in stem parts when maturity advanced from full flower to full pod stages. High leaf percentage and high protein content at full flowering suggest that this should be the preferred forage harvest stage for rape and turnip cultivars. Additional key words: Brassica napus L. var. oleifera, Brassica rapa L. var. rapa, crude protein, dry matter yield, plant proportions.
Sketched covariance testing: A compression-statistics tradeoff

Hypothesis testing of covariance matrices is an important problem in multivariate analysis. Given n data samples and a covariance matrix Σο, the goal is to determine whether or not the data is consistent with this matrix. In this paper we introduce a framework that we call sketched covariance testing, where the data is provided after being compressed by multiplying by a “sketching” matrix A chosen by the analyst. We propose a statistical test in this setting and quantify an achievable sample complexity as a function of the amount of compression. Our result reveals an intriguing achievable tradeoff between the compression ratio and the statistical information required for reliable hypothesis testing; the sample complexity increases as the fourth power of the amount of compression.
Growth Response, Pubertal Growth and Final Height in Greek Children with Growth Hormone (GH) Deficiency on Long-term GH Therapy and Factors Affecting Outcome

The growth data of 156 children (100 boys, 56 girls) with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), treated with human growth hormone (GH) for 5.7+/-3.7 years, from 1970-1997, were retrospectively analyzed to assess the efficacy of GH treatment and the factors involved. 62.2% of the studied population had idiopathic GHD (IGHD) and 35.2% had organic GHD (OGHD). At initiation of treatment, chronological age (CA) was 10.1+/-4.0 years in children with IGHD and 9.7+/-4.0 years in those with OGHD, while bone age (BA) was 7.0+/-3.7 and 7.7+/-3.2 years, respectively. The SDS of the growth velocity during the first year of therapy (GV1) was negatively related to CA at start of therapy (r = -0.53, p = 0.01). 109 children have reached final height (FH): 67 boys (FH = 165.3+/-6.3 cm) and 42 girls (FH = 153.9+/-5.4 cm). FH SDS was not significantly different from target height (TH) SDS. In the total group, FH SDS was positively related to height SDS for CA and BA at start of therapy (p = 0.01, p = 0.001, respectively), to TH SDS (r = 0.40, p = 0.001), and to GV1 (r = 0.33, p = 0.001). TH SDS was not different between the IGHD and OGHD groups (-1.02+/-0.8 vs. -0.94+/-6.9). The height gain at puberty did not differ between the groups with induced or spontaneous puberty in boys (23.7+/-8.6 vs. 25.4+/-6.9, not significant), while in girls it was higher in the group with spontaneous puberty (12.7+/-7.3 vs. 20.0+/-9.0, p = 0.008). The age and height at start of puberty was higher in girls and boys with induced puberty. In the total group, the FH SDS of children with induced puberty was higher in comparison with those with spontaneous puberty (-1.0+/-0.8 vs. -1.7+/-0.9, p = 0.001) and it was positively related to the height at start of puberty. When the two sexes were analyzed separately, the difference reached significance only in boys. In conclusion, children with GHD on GH treatment achieved a final height which was comparable to their genetic potential. The FH of children with OGHD was not different from those with IGHD. The age and height at start of puberty were the most significant determining factors for FH. Hence, a better FH might be expected by delaying or arresting puberty.
Acupuncture Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Background/Aim: Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in Western society, affecting around 15% of the population, especially young adults. The cause(s) of irritable bowel syndrome and effective treatment(s) have remained elusive. This study aimed at exploring the therapeutic value of acupuncture by comparing the responses of irritable bowel syndrome sufferers to true acupuncture versus sham acupuncture in a controlled double-blind study. Methods: Twenty-five patients who fulfilled the Rome criteria (irritable bowel syndrome symptoms persisting for more than 1 year) comprised the final study population. They were recruited through a ‘call for’ bulletin sent to gastroenterologists practicing in the region of our medical center. True acupuncture was performed at LI-4 (colonic meridian, needle only) and sham acupuncture at BL-60 (urinary vesicle meridian, needle only). Patient assignment to one of the two groups was random. Results: The effect of the first true acupuncture on overall symptoms and abdominal pain was a clear and significant improvement (p = 0.05). No comparable effect was seen in the second session. Conclusions: Although the true acupuncture results were consistently better, no difference was found between the two groups in the overall statistical analysis. We could not show a therapeutic benefit of this treatment modality in irritable bowel syndrome.
Design of Experimental Problem Solving-Based Learning Program to Improve Mental Model and to Enhance Mental-Modeling Ability

Research on developing experimental problem solving-based learning program to overcome the low mental model (MM) and mental-modeling abilities (MMA) physics teacher candidate in one of the college teachers in Palu have been conducted. Mental model construction is the “core” of meaningful learning and along with MMA (modeling) become a keyword to understand the key concepts in the science learning. The development of this learning program was using R & D method. Development process from requirement analysis phase until implementation process has already been described using 4D model: define, design, develop and disseminate. The subject matter of this research was the Basic Physics II course on the topic of electricity and magnetism. Based on the data analysis and findings at each stage of development, it is concluded that the learning program stages which have improved MM and also enhanced the MMA of physics teacher candidates consist of learning orientation phase; orientation to the problem; pre-experimental brainstorming; experiment; evaluation; as well as the phase of reinforcement and follow-up.Penelitian tentang pengembangan program berbasis eksperimen problem solving untuk mengatasi rendahnya mental model (MM) dan mental-modeling abilities (MMA) calon guru fisika di salah satu guru perguruan tinggi di Palu telah dilakukan. Konstruksi model mental adalah inti dari pembelajaran yang bermakna dan bersama dengan MMA (pemodelan) menjadi kata kunci untuk memahami konsep-konsep kunci dalam sains. Pengembangan program pembelajaran ini menggunakan metode R & D. Proses pengembangan dari tahap analisis kebutuhan hingga proses implementasi dijelaskan menggunakan model 4D: define, design, develop, disseminate. Materi yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah mata kuliah fisika dasar 2 tentang topik listrik dan magnet. Berdasarkan analisis data dan temuan pada setiap tahap perkembangan, disimpulkan bahwa tahapan program pembelajaran yang telah memperbaiki MM dan juga meningkatkan MMA calon guru fisika terdiri dari fase orientasi pembelajaran; orientasi pada masalah; pra-brainstorming eksperimental; percobaan; evaluasi; serta fase penguatan dan tindak lanjut.