Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of brief screens for gambling disorder in the substance use treatment setting.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of brief screens for Gambling Disorder within a sample of people receiving outpatient treatment for substance use disorders. METHODS Individuals (n = 300) recruited from intensive outpatient substance use treatment (23.67%) or methadone maintenance programs (76.34%) participated in the study. Four brief screens for Gambling Disorder were administered and compared to DSM-5 criteria. Receiver operator curves were created and an Area Under the Curve (AUC) analysis (an overall summary of the utility of the scale to correctly identify Gambling Disorder) was assessed for each. RESULTS On average participants were aged 46.4 years (SD = 10.2), African American/Black (70.7%), with an income less than $20,000/year (89.5%). Half the participants were female. Approximately 40% of participants (40.5%; n = 121) met DSM-5 criteria for Gambling Disorder. Accuracy of the brief screens as measured by hit rate were . 88 for the BBGS, . 77 for the Lie/Bet, . 75 for NODS-PERC, and . 73 for the NODS-CLiP. AUC analysis revealed that the NODS-PERC (AUC: .93 (95% CI: .91-.96)) and NODS-CLiP (AUC: .90 (95% CI: .86-.93)) had excellent accuracy. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The NODS-PERC and NODS-CLiP had excellent accuracy at all cut-off points. However, the BBGS appeared to have the best accuracy at its specified cut-off point. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Commonly used brief screens for Gambling Disorder appear to be associated with good diagnostic accuracy when used in substance use treatment settings. The choice of which brief screen to use may best be decided by the needs of the clinical setting.
BETA‐ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR SENSITIVITY AND GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE REGULATORY PROTEINS IN TRANSPLANTED HUMAN HEARTS AND AUTOTRANSPLANTED BABOONS

This study was conducted in human subjects and in baboons to assess elements of the β-adrenergic receptor complex in vivo and in vitro following cardiac transplantation. In human subjects, the concentration at which administered isoproterenol increased heart rate by 25 beats per min was within the normal range (mean, 3.2±0.4 μg). Myocardial biopsies and lymphocytes were obtained from 14 transplant recipients undergoing routine right heart catheterization. The stimulatory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein, Gs, was significantly greater in the lymphocyte than in right ventricular myocardium (5.8±1.7 vs. 2.0±0.5 relative to standard rat heart membrane preparation, P<0.05). In contrast, Gi was significantly greater in the myocardium than in the lymphocyte (4.2±1.3 vs. l.l±0.3, P<0.025). There was no correlation between lymphocyte and cardiac G protein determinations. In the autotransplanted baboon heart, β-receptors were increased (73±4 vs. 36±10 fmol/mg, P<0.05). Gs was not significantly different in denervated myocardial tissue vs. control cardiac tissue (l.l±0.2 vs. 0.8± 0.2, P>0.05). However, the inhibitory G protein, Gi, was significantly greater in transplanted animals (0.4± 0.1 vs. 0.2±0.04, P<0.05). Relative enrichment of a Gi-like protein in the autotransplanted baboon heart was associated with a non—statistically significant trend towards a uniform reduction in basal and Gs-mediated adrenergic effects on adenylate cyclase activity. Despite the lack of biochemical evidence of enhanced β-adrenergic receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase coupling, denervation in the autotransplanted baboon was associated with in vitro evidence of chronotropic and inotropic supersensitivity to isoproterenol. The results call into question the notion of adrenergic hypersensitivity in human subjects following cardiac transplantation, indicate the potential role for guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins in mediating responses of the denervated heart, and distinguish between several characteristics of the chronically denervated, transplanted human heart compared with the acutely auto-denervated of the baboon heart.
Is expanded HIV treatment preventing new infections? Impact of antiretroviral therapy on sexual risk behaviors in the developing world

There have been dramatic increases in access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) across the developing world, and growing public health attention has focused on the possibility of utilizing ART as a means of slowing the global HIV epidemic. The preventive impact of ART will likely depend on decreasing levels of sexual risk behaviors following treatment initiation. The current review study examines the impact of wider access to ART on sexual risk behaviors among HIV-infected individuals in the developing world. The observational studies to date demonstrate that ART is associated with a significant reduction in unprotected sex following treatment initiation. Although data on the impact of ART on possible risk compensation are rapidly expanding across the developing world, more evidence is still needed before we can safely conclude expanded treatment will result in durable decreases in sexual risk behaviors.
Expression of p57kip2 and its clinical relevance in epithelial ovarian tumors.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to elucidate the expression of p57kip2 in a series of benign, borderline and malignant ovarian tumors, to evaluate its relationship with other G1 regulators of the cell cycle and to determine whether p57kip2 expression is associated with progression and prognosis of epithelial ovarian tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in 103 cases of epithelial ovarian tumors. Twenty-six of the 103 cases were evaluated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The study demonstrated that high p57kip2 expression was detected in 63.6% (21 out of 33) of benign tumors, 52.2% (12 out of 23) of borderline tumors and 40.4% (19 out of 47) of ovarian carcinomas. The positive ratio of p57kip2 expression was decreased from benign to borderline to malignant tumors, whilst statistical significance was observed between benign and malignant tumors. Low p57kip2 expression was significantly associated with high tumor grades, advanced clinical stages and cyclin E overexpression. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the patients with low p57kip2 expression had a short overall survival. When the combined phenotype of p57kip2 and p27kip1 was analyzed, the patients with both p57kip2 and p27kip1 low expression had a lower overall survival rate. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that decreased p57kip2 expression may play a pivotal role in the progression of ovarian tumors and provide an important prognostic implication for epithelial ovarian carcinomas.
Solvability of simultaneous control step and timing skew assignments in high level synthesis

The simultaneous optimization of the control step assignment and the control skew assignment is a powerful technique in improving performance. This paper treats an essential and important problem, the solvability of this simultaneous control step and timing skew assignments. Our first result is to announce that the decision problem whether an input instance has a feasible pair of control step assignment and timing skew assignment or not is NP-complete. The second result is to show the necessary and sufficient condition for an input instance to have feasible solutions for every clock period. The latter result contributes greatly to designing a heuristic algorithm for the simultaneous optimization of control step and timing skew assignments, which has been proven to be NP-hard.
Differential expression of cell fate determinants in neurons and glial cells of adult mouse spinal cord after compression injury

Cellular responses after spinal cord injury include activation of astrocytes, degeneration of neurons and oligodendrocytes, and reactions of the ependymal layer and meningeal cells. Because it has been suggested that tissue repair partially recapitulates morphogenesis, we have investigated the expression of several developmentally prominent molecules after spinal cord injury of adult mice where neurogenesis does not occur after injury. Cell fate determinants Numb, Notch‐1, Shh and BMPs are abundantly expressed during development but mostly decline in the adult. In the present study, we investigated whether these genes are triggered by spinal cord injury as a sign of attempted recapitulation of development. Expression of Numb, Notch, Shh, BMP2/4 and Msx1/2 was analysed in the adult mouse spinal cord after compression injury by in situ hybridization up to 1 month after injury. The mRNA expression levels of Notch‐1, Numb, Shh, BMP4 and Msx2 increased in the grey matter and/or white matter and in the ependyma rostral and caudal to the lesion site after injury. However, BMP2 and Msx1 were not up‐regulated. Combining immunohistochemistry of cell type‐specific markers with in situ hybridization we found that all the up‐regulated genes were expressed in neurons. Moreover, Numb, BMP4 and Msx2 were also expressed by GFAP‐positive astrocytes, while Shh was expressed by MBP‐positive oligodendrocytes. In conclusion, the cell fate determinants Notch‐1, Numb, Shh, BMP4 and Msx2 are expressed in neurons and/or glial cells after injury in a time‐dependent manner, suggesting that these genes reflect to some extent an endogenous self‐repair potential by recapitulating some features of development.
Treatment of Adult Short Bowel Syndrome With Recombinant Human Growth Hormone: A Review of Clinical Studies

Extensive resection of the intestinal tract frequently results in inadequate digestion and/or absorption of nutrients, a condition known as short bowel syndrome (SBS). Several therapies, including parenteral nutrition (PN), bowel rehabilitation, and surgical procedures to reconstruct the bowel, have been used for patients with SBS. However, these treatments only partially correct the underlying problem of reduced bowel function in some patients. This review investigates the results of studies of recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) in patients with SBS. In one randomized, controlled and five open-label studies, treatment with r-hGH significantly increased absorption of energy, protein and/or carbohydrates. Four studies also demonstrated significantly increased body weight, lean body mass, total body potassium and/or total body water in response to r-hGH. However, in two other randomized controlled trials, r-hGH had no significant effect on energy or fluid absorption. In one randomized, controlled study and six open-label trials, treatment with r-hGH also allowed a majority of patients, including those with no colon and significant bowel resection, to eliminate or substantially reduce PN. Optimal clinical benefits appear to be achieved when r-hGH is administered in combination with a specialized oral diet and perhaps with glutamine. Although the use of r-hGH to treat SBS patients remains controversial, results from these studies suggest that short-term r-hGH treatment in combination with optimized medical and dietetic treatments can enhance bowel absorption and function and, with the continuation of optimized medical and dietetic treatments, may reduce PN requirements for a wide range of patients with SBS.
EFFECTS OF ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING ON RAT LUNG: ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE

Recent studies suggest that ischemic preconditioning (IP) of the lung may have a protective effect in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the preconditioning hypothesis in rat pulmonary vascular bed and to examine the role of nitric oxide (NO) in IP. Isolated rat lung was perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing indomethacin at a constant flow rate and perfusion pressure changes was recorded by a pressure transducer. In rat pulmonary vascular bed, 2 hours of hypothermic ischemia significantly attenuated histamine-induced vasodilator responses without affecting sodium nitroprusside (SNP) vasodilation when compared to sham values. However, 2 cycles of 5 minutes of ischemia and reperfusion that were applied prior to 2 hours of ischemia (IP protocol) prevented the attenuation of histamine-induced vasodilation. On the other hand, IP failed to prevent pulmonary edema after ischemia. Histopathological examination of rat lungs demonstrated that IP was able to protect endothelial cells and type II pneumocytes in lung. Moreover, in IP group, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of the lung tissue were significantly lower and tissue glutathione (GSH) contents were significantly higher than those in I/R group. Administration of NO synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) prior to the IP protocol abolished the protective effects of IP, but not affected the tissue malondialdehyde and glutathione levels. These results suggest that I/R impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatory response, whereas endothelium-independent SNP-induced responses were preserved in rat pulmonary vascular bed. IP prevented the impairment of pulmonary vascular endothelium-dependent responses, and these effects may be partially mediated by NO.
Public vs. Private Mental Accounts: Experimental Evidence from Savings Groups in Colombia

I study whether modifications to the framing of a commitment savings product affects savings accumulations and other poverty-linked outcomes for low-income individuals in newly-formed Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) in Colombia. The experiment tests whether behavioral responses vary depending on whether subjects are led to label and create ‘mental savings accounts’ in private versus public ways. Individuals in the private labeling treatment stated accumulation targets and earmarked savings for a particular purpose, but this was shared only privately with a member of the research team. Individuals in the public labeling treatment received the same intervention but publicly revealed and announced their goals to other members of their savings group. The average treatment effect of the public-labeling intervention are very strong and significant. Savings accumulations increased by an average of 35% and savings goals were 8.5% more likely to be reached in comparison to those untreated. Further explorations strongly suggest evidence of differentiated behavioral responses of individuals in the private-labeling treatment group: private commitment to a savings goal is more effective for individuals who, after random assignment but prior to the intervention, were less constrained by extant economic circumstances and institutional barriers. The analysis and interpretation of results was enriched by mixed methods for data collection: households’ survey data, administrative records and qualitative data from focus groups discussions.
Persistence of Politicians and Firms' Innovation

We empirically investigate whether the persistence of politicians in political institutions affects the innovation activity of firms. We use 12,000 firm-level observations from three waves of the Italian Observatory over Small and Medium Enterprises, and introduce a measure of political persistence defined as the average length of individual political careers in political institutions of Italian municipalities. Standard OLS shows no raw correlation between political persistence and firms’ innovation activity. However, once the causal effect is isolated by means of instrumental variables, using death of politicians as an exogenous source of variation of political persistence, we find a robust negative relation between political persistence and the probability of process innovation. This finding is consistent with the view that political stability may hinder firms’ incentive to innovate to maintain their competitiveness, as long as they can extract rents from long-term connections with politicians.
Oral breathing and head posture.

OBJECTIVE To determine the head posture and cephalometric characteristics in oral breathing children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lateral cephalograms taken in natural head posture of 35 oral breathing patients (OB) (mean age 8.8 +/- 2.2 years SD; range 5-13 years) and of 35 patients with varied malocclusions and physiological breathing (PB) (mean age 9.7 +/- 1.6 years SD; range 7-13 years) were examined. RESULTS A Student's t-test showed that an increase in angles NSL/OPT (P = .000), NSL/CVT (P = .001), FH/OPT (P = .000), FH/CVT (P = .005), and NSL/VER (P = .000); a decrease in the distance MGP-CV1p (P = .0001); and a decrease in the angles MGP/OP (P = .000) and OPT/ CVT (P = .036) were found in the OB group. A low position of the hyoid bone (H-MP, P = .009), a major skeletal divergence (ANS-PNS/Go-Me, P = .000), and an increased value of the ANB angle (P = .023) were present in OB patients. To ascertain if the changes in posture were connected with posterior obstruction of the upper respiratory airways, the OB group was divided into two subgroups based on the distance Ad2-PNS being greater than or less than 15 mm. No significant differences were found between these two groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that OB children show greater extension of the head related to the cervical spine, reduced cervical lordosis, and more skeletal divergence, compared with PB subjects.
Nonideal Battery Properties and Their Impact on Software Design for Wearable Computers

This paper describes nonideal properties of batteries and how these properties may impact power-performance trade offs in wearable computing. The first part of the paper details the characteristics of an ideal battery and how these characteristics are used in sizing batteries and estimating discharge times. Typical nonideal characteristics and the regions of operation where they occur are described. The paper then presents results from a first-principles, variable-load battery model, showing likely areas for exploiting battery behavior in mobile computing. The major result is that, when battery behavior is nonideal, lowering the average power or the energy per operation may not increase the amount of computation that can be completed in a battery life.
Vaginal Sonography of the Cervix for the Prediction of “Time to Delivery” in ART Twins Gestations

Abstract The present study aimed to determine a reliable tool to estimate the interval time to delivery in assisted conception twin pregnancies. Mid-gestation cervical length was prospectively measured using transvaginal sonography (TVS) during routine antenatal care. Fifty-seven of 101 suitable women were longitudinally followed and two TVS measurements of their cervical length were obtained, first at approximately 24 weeks gestation and then at approximately 27 weeks gestation. The mean cervical length decreased from 37 ± 12mm at first measurement to 34 ± 11mm at the second one. A linear regression model was found between the time interval of the first (R = 0.656, p < 0.001) and the second (R = 0.435, p < 0.001) assessments and the week of delivery. The current data confirm that the length of the preserved segment of the cervix is an important indicator of its competence. A simple equation using the cervical length (mm) divided by 3 can predict mid gestation scan-to-delivery interval in twin gestation.
Do Short-Sellers Profit from Mutual Funds? Evidence from Daily Trades

Daily mutual fund (MF) flows are highly persistent and price-destabilizing, and short-sellers (SSs) trade strongly in the opposite direction to these flows. This negative relation is associated with the expected component of MF flows (based on prior days' trading), as well as the unexpected component (based on same-day flows). The ability of SS trades to predict stock returns is up to 3 times greater when MF flows are in the opposite direction. The resulting wealth transfer from MFs to SSs is most pronounced for high-MF-held, low-liquidity firms, and is much larger during periods of high retail sentiment.
Breasifeeding and the Sexual Abuse Survivor

In this paper, the possible effects of child sexual abuse on a mother's breastfeeding experience are described. The long-term effects of sexual abuse are divided into seven domains that may impact breastfeeding behavior: posttraumatic stress disorder, cognitive distortions, emotional distress, impaired sense of self, avoidance, interpersonal difficulties, and health problems. In each section, the potential impact of past sexual abuse on current breastfeeding behavior and the mother-infant relationship is described. Finally, specific suggestions and strategies for lactation consultants are offered.
A 90-nm CMOS Threshold-Compensated RF Energy Harvester

This paper presents an efficient energy harvester for RF-powered sensor networks. The circuit is based on an improved multi-stage rectifier, which exploits a fully passive threshold self-compensation scheme to overcome the limitation due to the input dead zone. A CAD-oriented design methodology is also proposed, which is aimed at maximizing the overall power conversion efficiency of the harvester through an optimum trade-off among matching losses, power reflection and rectifier efficiency. According to the proposed methodology, a 915-MHz harvester comprising an integrated input matching network and a 17-stage self-compensated rectifier has been designed and fabricated in a 90-nm CMOS technology. The rectifier exhibits a remarkably low input power threshold, as it is able to deliver a 1-V dc output voltage to a capacitive load with a very small input power of -24 dBm (4 μW). When driving a 1-MΩ load, the device can supply a 1.2-V output with an input power of -18.8 dBm (13.1 μW). The achieved results exceed the performance of previously reported RF multi-stage rectifiers in standard analog CMOS technology.
Vykázání jako prostředek ochrany před domácím násilím

Publikace by měla umožnit ctenařům bliže se orientovat v problematice domaciho nasili, seznamit je se zakladnimi pojmy a s možnostmi, ktere dava soucasna pravni upravu uprava ve vztahu k jeho řeseni. Oběti domaciho nasili by měla taktež nasměrovat, jak na toto reagovat a kam se obratit s připadnou žadosti o pomoc.
Utrophin Is a Regeneration-associated Protein Transiently Present at the Sarcolemma of Regenerating Skeletal Muscle Fibers in Dystrophin-deficient Hypertrophic Feline Muscular Dystrophy

Utrophin, an autosomal homologue of dystrophin, has been suggested as a possible therapeutic replacement of dystrophin in Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD/BMD). We have undertaken this study to examine the expression of utrophin in the skeletal muscle of dystrophin-deficient cats, a spontaneous animal model for dystrophinopathy. Dystrophin was normal in size, but very low in quantity by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Utrophin was heterogeneously overexpressed at extrajunctional sarcolemma of regenerating muscle fibers, as defined by overexpression of the myogenic markers: vimentin, desmin, and developmental isoform of myosin heavy chain (MHCd). Muscle regeneration occurred in 6 stages as assessed by fiber size, and immunolabeling of desmin, vimentin, and MHCd. Differential developmental patterns of utrophin, a-sarcoglycan, and (3-dystroglycan expression were seen with an increase followed by a decrease and with changes in their respective location. These results suggest that utrophin is a regeneration-associated protein. It can functionally replace dystrophin in anchoring dystrophin-associated proteins (DAPs). However, the expression of utrophin and its anchored DAPs is restricted to the period of muscle regeneration and tends to decrease in late stages. This study therefore suggests a novel role of utrophin during skeletal muscle regeneration.