Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is There a General Factor of Cognitive Development

The first tests of intellectual development, those imagined by Binet or Wechsler, were not based on very elaborated theories of intelligence. The approach of these pioneers of psychometry was of course inspired by some general ideas on intelligence, but the way in which they searched for tasks likely to measure it was very empirical. Binet, for example, tried various items and retained those that discriminated well between mentally retarded and non retarded children, between older from younger children, good from not so good students. The construction of tests was guided by their empirical validity, in particular relating to criteria like academic performance, more than by their theoretical validity. “ Psychometric ” tests (i.e. intelligence scales or factorial batteries), are the product of this very empirical approach to the measurement of intelligence. The approach that led to the construction of the so-called “ Piagetian ” tests has been rather different. Piaget’s goal was not to measure individual differences in intelligence, nor to predict academic success, but to verify hypotheses about cognitive development. The experimental situations that he imagined for this purpose were intended to track the stages of construction of operational structures in various fields of knowledge: logic, physics, space, time, causality, etc. The tasks of conservation, of class inclusion, or of coordination of perspectives, to cite only some of them, were directly inspired by his theory of cognitive development and had no equivalent in psychometric intelligence scales. Initially, the idea to use these experimental situations to assess the general level of development of children germinated in the Genevan school itself. The first research on mental retardation using Piagetian tasks was done in Geneva by Bärbel Inhelder (1943). An attempt at standardizing the Piagetian tasks was led by Vinh-Bang (1966), but never published. A quantitative analysis of the results of a large set of Piagetian tasks was also conducted in a thesis defended in Geneva (Nassefat, 1963). Nevertheless, the first attempts that really succeeded in developing Piagetian tests were made outside of Geneva at the end of the Sixties (for example, Kaufman, 1971, Laurendeau and Pinard, 1968, Longeot, 1969, Tuddenham, 1971), one of the reasons
Thrust faults and the global contraction of Mercury

Lobate scarps on Mercury are the surface expression of thrust faults and are generally thought to be the result of global contraction. Our analysis indicates that these thrust faults are not uniformly distributed and exhibit non‐random patterns on the imaged hemisphere. The greatest area normalized cumulative length of the faults occurs in the southern hemisphere, below 50°S. The thrust faults in this region dip to the north, indicating a broad zone where the crust has been displaced to the south. Widespread thrust faulting may not have initiated before the emplacement of Calorian smooth plains, well after the emplacement of pre‐Tolstojan intercrater plains. Our observations suggest that regional‐scale tectonic stresses on Mercury dominated over stresses resulting from global contraction.
Spatio temporal seismicity variation in earthquakes of Uttaranchal region

The spatio temporal variations of seismicity preceding Uttarkashi, 1991 and Chamoli, 1999 earthquakes were studied based on the data during the period 1981 to 2000 using the catalogues of earthquakes prepared by the India Meteorological Department. Two scenarios were examined. In one case the epicentral distance from the respective impending earthquakes were worked out for all the earthquakes recorded during a ten years period prior to the earthquake of Uttarkashi and Chamoli respectively. In the other case, the epicenter near latitude 30.2° N and longitude 80.2° E near India Nepal border (where earthquakes of 1966 and 1980 occurred) were considered to compute the epicentral distance. The second case was included because it is a seismically active region where Dharachulla earthquake of 1916 (magnitude 7.5) occurred. The earthquakes of 1999, 1991 and 1980 in Uttaranchal were characterised by six phases of seismic activity namely (i) first quiescence or gap, (ii) swarm, (iii) second quiescence or gap, (iv) foreshocks, (v) main shock and (vi) aftershocks. Some differences among these phases could however, be noticed which were explained through source mechanism, isoseismals, ‘b’ (Gutenberg Richter’s relationship), ‘h’ values (Omori’s law ) and fractal dimension. It is interesting to point out that prior to the occurrence of earthquake swarms (second phase) the seismic pattern exhibits the development of a seismic gap (first phase) after the decay of the aftershock activity associated with a previous large earthquake of magnitude greater than or equal to M: 6.0 in this region. We infer that this second ‘gap’ (third phase) is a characteristic of the complexity of the tectonics in the Uttaranchal. Thus, the simple Kanamori’s asperity model could be modified to consist of six phases of seismic activity in the complex tectonic zone of Garhwal Himalaya. Detailed difference in the seismicity patterns prior to the earthquake were explained by the fractal dimensions estimated from the ‘b’values.
A Review: Facial Expression Detection with its Techniques and Application

Facial expression recognition performs a critical role in the human-machine interaction area. The security of information is becoming very significant and difficult. Security cameras are presently common in airports, Offices, University, ATM, Bank and in any locations with a security system. Facial Expression Recognition system is used in security. During the past years recognition of face has received most important attention as one of the most significant image application understanding and analysis. Many algorithms have been implemented on different static and non static conditions (uncontrolled conditions). Static conditions include static and uniform background, identical poses, similar illumination, neutral frontal face . Non static conditions include position, partial occlusion orientation; varying lighting conditions and facial hair, which makes recognition process a complex problem. Facial expression recognition is a example where computer and humans underperforms. It has most importance for the video retrieval and video based management classification. It may be used in behavior psychology and science.
Differential Sensing of Substrate Noise in Mixed-Signal 0.18-$\mu\hbox{m}$  BiCMOS Technology

This paper presents an experimental study of substrate noise isolation in BF-Moat and P+/DT/n-well/DT/P+ guard-ring-defined regions on a lightly doped substrate in the IBM 0.18-mum 7WL bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS) technology. Measurements of substrate noise voltage intentionally generated by an RF power amplifier and 64 digital pad drivers placed on the chip were taken at ten locations throughout the chip, using a capacitively coupled BiCMOS differential sensor circuit. The data show that both isolation structures exhibit effective ability to block out substrate noise for frequencies up to 2-3 GHz. Peak induced substrate noise voltage within the ldquoquiet regionsrdquo was lower by 12-15 dB from that outside the quiet areas.
LEAF ANATOMY OF Copaifera langsdorffii DWARF TREES

There are various parameters that affect tree height and may cause dwarfism. Our goal was to study the anatomical variations in the leaf and xylem structure in dwarf and normal trees of Copaifera langsdorffii and their correlation with physico-chemical properties of the soils. Trees from two spatially close but different vegetation types, transitional forest and rupestrian field, showed markedly different wood and leaf characteristics. Adult trees of C. langsdorffii show normal height (up to 25 m) in transitional forests while in the rupestrian field they show dwarfism (small trees up to 2.5 m tall). Physical soil characteristics (such as rocky crust, low water availability due to shallow soil) presumably limit root growth and affect the rate of photosynthesis, which consequently affect the extension growth of the plant. Compared to normal trees, C. langsdorffii dwarf trees are characterized by narrow vessels and a higher proportion of vessels in multiples, features of the water transport system/hydraulic structure known to prevent embolism, wider rays with a greater potential to store starch, and higher stomatal density and potential conductance index.
Extraction Technology For Images Text Line And Keyword From Document

Text extraction from images and video sequences finds many useful applications in document processing [1],detection of vehicle license plate, analysis of technical papers with tables, maps, charts, and electric circuits [2],identification of parts in industrial automation [3], and contentbased image/video retrieval from image/video databases [4], [5]. Educational and training video and TV programs such as news contain mixed text-picture-graphics regions. Region classification is helpful in object-based compression, manipulation and accessibility. Also, text regions may carry useful information about the visual content. However due to the variety of fonts, sizes, styles, orientations, alignment effects of uncontrolled illuminations, reflections, shadows, the distortion due to perspective projection as well as the complexity of image background, automatic localizing and extracting text is a challenging problem. Characters in a text are of different shapes and structures. Text extraction may employ binarization [7], [9]–[11] or directly process the original image [8], [12], [13]. In [5], a survey of existing techniques for page layout an analysis is presented. Mathematical morphology is a topological and geometrical based approach for image analysis. It provides powerful tools for extracting geometrical structures and representing shapes in many applications. Morphological feature extraction techniques have been efficiently applied to character recognition and document analysis, especially if dedicated hardware is used. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for text extraction based on morphological operations. The paper is organized as follows. In Section II, the proposed morphological text extraction technique is described. Examples and comparison with existing text extraction algorithms are presented in Section III. Conclusion is given in Section IV. Abstract: The extraction of text in an image is a classical problem in the computer vision. Extraction involves detection, localization, tracking, extraction, enhancement and recognition of the text from the given image. However variation of text due to difference in size, style, orientation, alignment, low image contrast and complex background make the problem of automatic text extraction extremely challenging. Text extraction requires binarization which leads to loss of significant information contained in gray scale images. The images may contain noise and have complex structure which makes the extraction more difficult. This paper proposes an algorithm which is insensitive to noise, skew and text orientation. It is free from artifacts that are usually introduced by thresholding using morphological operators. Examples are presented to illustrate the performance of proposed method. The text extraction system has been attempted over a corpus of three kinds of images and promising precision has been obtained.
Pattern of circle of Willis between normal subject and patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque

Objective: We investigated whether circle of Willis (COW) morphology on 3D time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography differs between young normal subjects, older normal subjects, and patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Methods: One hundred seventy-seven subjects were grouped according to age into a young group (20 – 40 years; n = 91) and an older group (> 60 years; n = 86). Subjects underwent brain MR examination as part of a health check-up. Fifty-three patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque were also included for evaluation in this study. COW morphology on 3D TOF MR angiography was analyzed in terms of completeness or incompleteness of the anterior and posterior components of the circle and completeness of the circle. Results: An incomplete pattern of anterior circulation was significantly more common in carotid atherosclerotic plaque patients (20.7%) than normal older subjects (5.5%) (p < 0.01). A complete posterior circulation pattern was more frequent in normal young subjects (46.5%) than in normal older subjects (16.5%) or the patient group (18.9%) (p < 0.01). Of patients with carotid artery stenosis, 18.9% had a bilateral incomplete connection and were significantly more likely to have an incomplete pattern than normal young (2.3%) or normal older subjects (2.2%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Young, healthy subjects were significantly more likely to have a complete pattern of posterior circulation than older subjects. Patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques were significantly more likely to have incomplete anterior circulation and an incomplete circle than young, normal subjects.
Characteristic Differences of Rainfall and Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Activity over South Korea during the Summer Monsoon Season

In this paper the characteristic variations of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning and total precipitation during the Korean summer monsoon (June–August) season have been extensively analyzed for different climate regimes. The data used in this study consist of the monthly CG lightning flash count as detected by the lightning detection network installed at the Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA) and the monthly precipitation data from 23 meteorological observatories spread over the Korean peninsula for a period of 10 yr from 1988 to 1997. Temporal and spatial scales of 1 month and 102 km2, respectively, were considered to determine the seasonal values of rain yield or rain volume per CG flash (defined as the ratio of total precipitation to CG flash count over a common area). Seasonal values of rain yield have been compared with that of monthly values separately. The results of variation of the rain yield during the different months constituting the monsoon season are also presented. Results show that the variation of rain yield for the monsoon season closely resembles that of July indicating that July, rather than the other two monsoon months, dominates the overall monsoon pattern. The maximum values of rain yield are observed in the east coast of the Korean peninsula, particularly in the region east of Tae-back Mountain, with a mean value of 3 3 105 m3 fl21 while the minimum value is seen in the west of Tae-back Mountain, with an average value of 8 3 104 m3 fl21. The method for separating convective rain designed on broad heterogeneity similar to the Petersen and Rutledge method shows on average 82% of the total rainfall is convective in nature at the west coast stations, 53% is convective at the middle of the peninsula, and 46% is convective at the east coast stations. Maximum convective rain occurred at Kanghwa in the northwest, while the minimum was seen at Ulsan in the southeast. The correlation coefficient between the total precipitation and CG lightning during the summer monsoon season is 0.54, which is not very high since in most cases total precipitation persists longer than CG lightning. This may be due to the occasional development of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), which produce light stratiform precipitation during their dissipation stage or might have been contaminated by the upslope precipitation or by nonlightning producing frontal precipitation. This low correlation coefficient could also be due to the episodic presence of warm rain convection or a ‘‘low-echo centroid’’ precipitation system.
Predicting Continuance Intention to Use Accounting Information Systems Among SMEs in Terengganu, Malaysia

This research examines the key drivers of users’ intention to continue using Accounting Information Systems. Commonly used Information Systems theoretical models including diffusion of innovation, expectation-confirmation theory and technology acceptance model are synthesized in conceptualizing the research model. The model is validated empirically through partial least squares analysis using a sample collected from 146 Small and Medium Enterprises in Terengganu, Malaysia. The results demonstrate that relative advantage is the strongest antecedent of attitude towards AIS and satisfaction, both of which have significant mediating effects on the continuance intention. Implications of these findings are discussed at the end of this paper.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOY-CHEESE WHEY USINGAVERRHOA BILIMBI JUICE AS COAGULANT

The type and concentration of coagulant has been studied well as important factor that affected to the physicochemical characteristic of soy-cheese whey. This research used juice from Averrhoa bilimbi as coagulant to obtain whey from soy since commonly found in tropical area, low in price and no health risks for the use. This research aimed at analyze physicochemical characteristics of whey from soy-cheese that were coagulated with Averrhoa bilimbi juice using dilution and no dilution process. As much as 7% (v/v) Averrhoa bilimbi juice with dilution (1:1) and without dilution, and 5 ml of rennet (0.01% w/v) were used to obtain the whey. After incubation at 42 Available on-line at www.afst. valahia.ro Volume 18, Issue 2, 2017 192 o C for 3 hours, the whey were separated by curd-hanging for 4-5 hours. The results showed that dilution treatment of Averrhoa bilimbi juice increased total solids, pH value and absorbance spectrum. The dilution also decreased whey volume and protein content of the soy-cheese whey. As conclusion, the concentration of Averrhoa bilimbi juice had remarkable effect to the physicochemical characteristics of the soy-cheese whey. Since physicochemical characteristics of whey gives important information to whey-based food industry, the utilization of natural coagulant such as Averrhoa bilimbi juice may open the knowledge for application to produce healthy food.
Low latency trading and comovement of order flow and prices

We examine the impact of low latency / high frequency trading in equities on measures of the market’s susceptibility to systemic shocks, including commonalities in order flow, liquidity, and volatility. Using order-level data around a natural experiment at the National Stock Exchange of India, which in 2010 has introduced features that promote low latency trading, we find that more low latency trading reduces commonality in returns, liquidity, and volatility. These declines are more pronounced for algorithmic order flow and for large-cap firms. Low latency trading and comovement of order flow and prices
Assessment of Removable Partial Dentures in South Indian Population

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess patient’s satisfaction with retention, aesthetics, chewing, speech and comfort of wearing removable partial denture. Also the objective of this study is to assess the influence of factors such as previous wearing of denture, age, gender martial status, level of education, presence of chronic disease and smoking habits on patients satisfaction with therapy.
Public Views of Ex-Mental Patients: A Note on Perceived Dangerousness and Unpredictability

The adjectives most strongly attributed to the concept of ex-mental patient by a sample of 30 male and female suburbanites were excitable, strange, tense, strong, uncertain, unsure, unpredictable, convincing, active, and mysterious. In addition, an r of . 74 was found between dangerous and unpredictable. These findings may suggest that although the public stereotype of mental patients has undergone positive change since 1960, ex-mental patients still tend to be perceived as potential threat-bearers to the community. Unfounded fears based upon this perception may motivate resistances to community-based treatment programs for this group.
Ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in New Zealand.

AIM To describe the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in New Zealand by ethnicity and socioeconomic status using NHI-linked electronic national databases. METHOD CVD prevalence by ethnicity and socioeconomic status in New Zealand in 2006/07 were estimated from national datasets of public hospital discharges, mortality registrations, and pharmaceutical dispensing over the period 1988-2007. RESULTS In 2007, Maori had the highest age-standardised prevalence (7.41%) compared to non-Maori, non-Pacific, and non-Indians (4.45%). Maori males and females had the highest age-specific prevalence of CVD across virtually all age groups. There was a clear gradient of increasing CVD prevalence with increasing level of social deprivation. The corresponding age-specific CVD prevalence among the least deprived quintile of Maori were similar to the most deprived quintile of 'Other' New Zealanders. CONCLUSION Consistent with mortality trends, this study confirms marked ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in CVD prevalence that are (at least in part) independent of each other. Aggressive targeting of CVD risk management among these relatively easily identifiable high-risk patient groups with known CVD could be a highly cost-effective way of reducing health disparities in the short term.
EVALUATING THE VALUE OF SHIPMENT INFORMATION SHARING IN A SUPPLY CHAIN : A SIMULATION-BASED APPROACH

This paper evaluates (via simulation) the benefit of a supplier sharing its shipping quantity with its immediate downstream customer in a supply chain. Upstream supply chain members cannot always satisfy exactly what downstream members order on time. Instead the firm may split the order – fulfilling it in multiple shipments. Consequently, shipment quantities arriving at the customer side, following a given lead-time, may be different from what the customer expects (here we define this phenomenon as shipping quantity uncertainty). In the situation that the supplier does not inform the customer about the exact shipping quantity in advance, the customer is aware of this information only when it receives the shipments and the only way to respond is using safety stock. However, if the supplier informs the customer about the shipping quantity when sent out, the customer may have enough time to adapt and mitigate this uncertainty by adjusting its future order decision. Our results indicate that in a three-tier linear supply chain network, this strategy, enabled by information technologies, benefits customers (the information receivers), but not always benefit the supplier (the information sender). This unequal impact may cause implementation barriers. This study provides a simulation approach to examine the strategy of sharing shipping quantity information in a general supply chain and to help organizations evaluate the cost-benefit trade-off.