Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 On the Exact Form of Template T and Energy E

Junctions are important features for image analysis and form a critical aspect of image understanding tasks such as object recognition. We present a unified approach to detecting (location of the center of the junction), classifying (by the number of wedges—lines, corners, three-junctions such as T or Y junctions, or four-junctions such as X-junctions), and reconstructing junctions (in terms of radius size, the angles of each wedge and the intensity in each of the wedges) in images. Our main contribution is a modeling of the junction which is complex enough to handle all these issues and yet simple enough to admit an effective dynamic programming solution. Broadly, we use a template deformation framework along with a gradient criterium to detect radial partitions of the template. We use the minimum description length principle to obtain the optimal number of partitions that best describes the junction. Kona [27] is an implementation of this model. We (quantitatively) demonstrate the stability and robustness of the detector by analyzing its behavior in the presence of noise, using synthetic/controlled apparatus. We also present a qualitative study of its behavior on real images.
Integrative meta-analysis reveals that most yeast proteins are very stable

Measurements for protein half-lives in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae reported large discrepancies, with median values between minutes to several hours. We present a unifying analysis that provides a consistent half-life estimate, based on our re-analysis of three published and one new dataset of cells grown under similar conditions. We found that degradation of many proteins can be approximated by exponential decay. Protein disappearance was primarily driven by dilution due to cell division, with cell doubling times ranging from ∼2 to 3.5 hours across the four experiments. After adjusting for doubling time, protein half-lives increased to median values between ∼7.5 to ∼40 hours. Half-lives correlated with cell doubling time even after adjustment, implying that slow growth also slows protein degradation. All estimates were validated by multiple means and were robust to different analysis methods. Overall, protein stability correlated with abundance and showed weak enrichment for degradation signals such as degrons and disordered regions. Long-lived proteins often functioned in oxidation-reduction and amino acid synthesis. Short-lived proteins often functioned in ribosome biogenesis. Despite some overall differences in behavior, all methods were able to resolve subtle difference in half-lives of ribosomal proteins, e.g. the short lifespan of RPL10. Finally, our results help the design of future experiments: time series measurements need to cover at least two to three cell doubling times for accurate estimates, exponential decay provides a reasonable proxy for protein stability, and it can be sufficiently estimated with four measurement points.
The application of distance distribution functions to structural analysis of core–shell particles

The structure of core–shell latex particles of polymethylmethacrylate (the core) and polyurethane (the shell) have been investigated by methods of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and atom-force microscopy. A set of SAXS patterns has been obtained using contrast variation method. Indirect methods have been used to follow the evolution of distance distribution functions from SAXS for lattices in various sucrose solutions over a range of solution density, yielding structural parameters of the particles such as core size, shell thickness and density of the polymers including density deviations within the particle's core and shell. A model for an ensemble of core–shell particles with a normal distribution of average electron density of both the core and the shell has been developed to fit the distance distribution functions using a random search algorithm. The effects of nanophase separation in the polyurethane is estimated using Monte Carlo simulations of the distance distribution functions where the phase-separated polyurethane is represented by spherical truncated cones in a shell simulating the location of hard and soft polyurethane blocks, respectively.
article : the biology , diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal stromal tumours

Results The diagnosis of GIST is established by histology supplemented by the immunohistochemical marker CD117, which is positive in 95% of cases. The most common site of the tumour is the stomach. Most GIST are benign with 20–30% malignant. Five-year survival for malignant GIST ranges between 35% and 65% and depends primarily on tumour size, mitotic index and location. The malignant behaviour of GIST is best assessed by invasion of adjacent structures and distant metastases. The gold standard for treatment is surgical resection. Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the primary therapy for unresectable, recurrent or metastatic disease.
Full Reference Printed Image Quality: Measurement Framework and Statistical Evaluation

Full reference image quality algorithms are standard tools in digital image processing but have not been utilized for printed images due to a "correspondence gap" between the digital domain (a reference) and physical domain (printed sample). In this work, the authors propose a framework for applying full reference image quality algorithms to printed images. The framework consists of accurate scanning of printed samples and automatic registration and descreening procedures which bring the scans in correspondence with their digital originals. The authors complete the framework by incorporating state-of-the-art full reference algorithms to it. Using data from comprehensive psychometrical experiments of subjective quality experience, the authors benchmark the state-of-the-art methods and point out similar results in the digital domain: the best digital full reference measures, such as the recently introduced visual information fidelity algorithm, perform best also for printed media.
Extendable Neural Matrix Completion

Matrix completion is one of the key problems in signal processing and machine learning, with applications ranging from image processing and data gathering to classification and recommender systems. Recently, deep neural networks have been proposed as latent factor models for matrix completion and have achieved state-of-the-art performance. Nevertheless, a major problem with existing neural-network-based models is their limited capabilities to extend to samples unavailable at the training stage. In this paper, we propose a deep two-branch neural network model for matrix completion. The proposed model not only inherits the predictive power of neural networks, but is also capable of extending to partially observed samples outside the training set, without the need of retraining or fine-tuning. Experimental studies on popular movie rating datasets prove the effectiveness of our model compared to the state of the art, in terms of both accuracy and extendability.
Symptoms of shrinking lung syndrome reveal systemic lupus erythematosus in a 12‐year‐old girl

While pleuropulmonary involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common occurrence, shrinking lung syndrome (SLS) is a rare complication of SLE, particularly in children. We report on a teenager girl with a primary SLE diagnosis, which was based upon clinical, imaging, lung‐function and histological findings ascertained to be compatible with SLS. Following a pneumonia, the patient developed inflammatory residues in the lower lobes, an event that probably caused diaphragmatic immobility and subsequently led to SLS. Treatment response to steroids, cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in this case was excellent, and efficacy was more profound than previously has been reported in the literature with respect to pediatric patients. This case report argues that prognosis of SLS in SLE is likely to be favorable when the diagnosis is made early and the disease is treated appropriately. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:1246–1249. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Respiratory diseases in children attending kindergartens: Health-related variables and mothers’ psychological, parental, and marital functioning

This study aimed to examine the differences between mothers of children with and without respiratory problems in variables related to psychological, parental, and marital functioning and to determine which contributed more to parenting stress, because there is a lack of information in this field. Participants were 459 mothers of children attending kindergartens, who accepted to participate. The instruments were The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Parenting Stress Index–Short Form, Parenting Stress Index–Long Form, and Escala de Avaliação da Satisfação em Áreas da Vida Conjugal. Anxiety, depression, and parenting stress were higher in the more symptomatic children and parenting stress was associated with anxiety, depression, and marital satisfaction. Findings support the relevance of children’s respiratory-related variables to mothers’ psychological, parental, and marital functioning.
Further Consideration of the 29Si Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrum of Kaolinite

The introduction of artificial ±b/3 stacking faults into well-crystallized kaolinite by intercalating and removing hydrazine had no observable effect on the solid-state 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of kaolinite. Also, the introduction of such stacking faults did not alter the hydroxyl-stretching region of the infrared spectrum, implying no change in the hydrogen bonding between the displaced layers. Calculations of Si.H distances and Si-O.H angles from reported structures for kaolinite indicated that the resolution of the two Si chemical environments was due to differences in hydrogen-bonding at the surface of the silicate sheet.
Experimental investigation of ice nucleation by different types of aerosols in the aerosol chamber AIDA : implications to microphysics of cirrus clouds

The aerosol chamber AIDA was used as a moderate expansion cloud chamber with cooling rates at the onset of ice nucleation between -1.3 and -3.0 K min -1 to investigate the nucleation and growth of ice crystals in sulphuric acid, ammonium sulphate, and mineral dust aerosols at temperatures between 196 and 224 K. Supercooled sulphuric acid droplets with mean diameters of about 0.2 to 0.3 μm nucleated ice by homogeneous freezing at RH ice increasing from 144 to 166 % with temperatures from 220 and 196 K. This is in good agreement both with previous results of AIDA experiments and literature data. In contrast, ammonium sulphate particles of similar size nucleated ice at the significantly lower RH ice of 120 to 127 % in the same temperature range. Fourier-Transform infrared (FTIR) extinction spectra of the aerosol revealed that the ammonium sulphate particles, mainly consisted of the liquid phase. The number concentration of ice crystals formed during the homogeneous freezing experiments agree well with model results from the literature. Higher ice crystal number concentrations formed during the ammonium sulphate, compared to the sulphuric acid experiments, can be explained by the also somewhat higher cooling rates at ice nucleation. Deposition ice nucleation on mineral dust particles turned out to be the most efficient ice nucleation mechanism both with respect to RH ice at the onset of ice nucleation (102 to 105 % in the temperature range 209 to 224 K) and the ice crystal number concentration. Almost all mineral dust particles nucleated ice at the lower temperatures.
Effects of Light and Different Plant Growth Regulators on Induction of Callus Growth in Rapeseed ('Brassica napus L.') Genotypes

The present work describes the effects of winter and spring genotypes of rapeseed ('PF7045/91, Okapi and Opera'), explants (cotyledons and hypocotyls), light, different kinds and concentrations of auxins [Naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and 2, 4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D)], presence of cytokinin [benzyladenine (BA)] and different concentrations of micro and macro elements (MS and 1/2MS) on callogenesis in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). First of all, explant sections were cultured in different combinations of media and plant growth regulators, in dark or light for 10 days. After 10 days, calli fresh weight and root formation were evaluated. When the effects of plant growth regulators on callus color were investigated, it was revealed that auxins had an inhibitory effect on chlorophyll formation, whereas cytokinin tended to promote it. The results also showed that 2, 4-D when combined with cytokinin (BA), callogenesis and cell division were stimulated faster and better in rapeseed cultivars whereas NAA (with BA or without it) stimulated root formation and rhizogenesis. Also, in most cases, calli fresh weight in winter genotypes of Opera and Okapi was higher than spring genotype of PF7045/91. Likewise, MS medium was more effective on callogenesis than 1/2MS medium. In all cultivars and explants (especially hypocotyl sections) light stimulated callus growth, inhibits root growth and in cotyledon derived calli increased browning. The results of this study suggested that using cotyledon sections as explants under dark conditions would be more beneficial for callogenesis, but for hypocotyl sections light conditions is preferred.
Teaching New Vocabulary to Young Learners: Using Two Methods Total Physical Response and Keyword Method

Received Mar 5, 2017 Revised May 10, 2017 Accepted May 26, 2017 Early language learning for children is increasingly common, and the majority of parents and the public do not see it as superfluous or overburdening children. Moreover, teaching a foreign language (FL) to very young children has been an increasingly dominant trend in most globalized societies. While there is abundant literature that supports teaching a foreign language at an early age through language immersion programs, little is known about the efficiency of strategies used to explicitly teach new vocabulary words in a foreign language to young learners. This empirical investigation aimed to assess and compare the efficiency of two mnemonics that have been traditionally used to explicitly teach new foreign language words: the Keyword Method (KWM) and the Total Physical Response (TPR). Results indicate that the KWM is more effective than TPR in teaching new vocabulary words in a foreign language to early elementary school children. Keyword:
Application of synthetic sex pheromone for management of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, in cabbage

Over a 2‐year period field trials were conducted to assess the potential to disrupt mating ofPlutella xylostella (L.) using a commercial rope formulation of a 70:30 mixture of (Z)‐11‐hexadecenal and (Z)‐11‐hexadecenyl acetate, two components of the sex pheromone of the female. Screened field cages were placed into blocks of cabbage which were either treated with the pheromone or left untreated. Different densities of P. xylostella pupae were placed into each cage and then larval and pupal counts were made of the subsequent generation. In addition, sentinel females at mating stations were placed in each cage to assess the influence of the pheromone on the ability of males to locate and mate with females. Likewise, we used pheromone traps to assess whether the pheromone treatment influenced the ability of males to locate a pheromone source. In both years larval and pupal populations, produced as a result of the original inoculation, did not differ between pheromone‐treated and untreated fields. The effect of pheromone treatment on larval and pupal numbers did not change with changes in inoculated P. xylostella density, however, the density of P. xylostella released caused significant differences in the density of the subsequent generation. No significant differences were detected between the number of sentinel female adult P. xylostella that successfully mated in pheromone‐treated fields compared with untreated fields. Significant differences in the numbers of male P. xylostella caught in pheromone‐baited traps occurred between pheromone‐treated and untreated fields in the first trial of 1993, and in the first trial in 1994 but not in the second trial. Such differences are often thought of as indications of mating disruption, although our other data presented in this study and reports from other studies indicate this is not always the case. Previous studies on mating disruption of P. xylostella in larger scale field tests have been performed but the results have been variable and often ambiguous. Overall, our results indicate that mating disruption of P. xylostella with the present technology does not appear to work even under the very controlled situations which we utilized to eliminate insect movement between plots.
Tracing the origin and geographic distribution of an ancestral form of the modern human Y chromosome

Se busco la presencia de un inserto Alu Y-especifico (cromosomas YAP+) en un total de 841 cromosomas Y provenientes de 36 poblaciones humanas de amplia distribucion geografica. El elemento Alu se encontro en 77 casos. En 70 de los 77 cromosomas YAP+ se testificaron cinco marcadores bialelicos y ocho polialelicos. Se pudo identificar la existencia de una estructura jerarquica y cronologica de linajes YAP+ ancestrales y derivados, la cual genero cuatro haplogrupos, 14 subhaplogrupos, y 60 haplotipos. Se propone un origen monofiletico para cada linaje YAP+. Dos modelos intentan explicar el origen y evolucion de los cromosomas YAP+ ancestrales y derivados: (i) origen del inserto Alu en Africa y posterior migracion a otros continentes ("out-of-Africa"); (ii) origen en Asia con subsecuente migracion a otras areas geograficas ("out-of-Asia"). El analisis de la evidencia que apoya estos dos modelos nos permite sugerir que la hipotesis mas probable es el origen africano con subsecuente dispersion fuera de Africa
Changes in clinical and metabolic parameters after exercise therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes

Introduction: The study was carried out to investigate the effect of Hatha yoga and conventional physical training (PT) exercise intervention on clinical and biochemical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. Material and methods: The patient population consisted of 77 type 2 diabetic patients in the Hatha yoga exercise group, matched with the same number of patients in the conventional PT exercise and control groups. The clinical parameters were weekly diastolic and systolic blood pressures, along with body mass index (BMI). Biochemical parameters included weekly blood glucose, serum creatinine, microalbumjinuria and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measured at baseline and two consecutive three monthly intervals. Results: There were significant differences in the blood glucose concentrations "before exercise" and "after exercise" for the Hatha yoga and conventional PT exercise groups at different weekly intervals (P<0.05). The frequency of signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia over the weeks during exercise was greater in the conventional PT exercise than in the Hatha yoga exercise group (P=0.004). The HbA1c concentration decreased after six months in the Hatha yoga and conventional PT exercise groups and was significantly different from that of the control group (P<0.05). There were significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressures observed before and after exercise for the Hatha yoga and conventional PT exercise groups (P=0.0001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that better glycaemic and blood pressure control can be obtained in type 2 diabetic patients after Hatha yoga and conventional PT exercises.
N-Terminal Phosphorylation of Phosphoprotein of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Is Required for Preventing Nucleoprotein from Binding to Cellular RNAs and for Functional Template Formation

ABSTRACT The phosphoprotein (P) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) plays essential roles in viral RNA synthesis. It associates with nascent nucleoprotein (N) to form N0-P (free of RNAs), thereby preventing the N from binding to cellular RNAs and maintaining the N in a viral genomic RNA encapsidation-competent form for transcription and replication. The contributions of phosphorylation of P to transcription and replication have been studied intensively, but a concrete mechanism of action still remains unclear. In this study, using a VSV minigenome system, we demonstrated that a mutant of P lacking N-terminal phosphorylation (P3A), in which the N-terminal phosphate acceptor sites are replaced with alanines (S60/A, T62/A, and S64/A), does not support transcription and replication. However, results from protein interaction assays showed that P3A self-associates and interacts with N and the large protein (L) as efficiently as P does. Furthermore, purified recombinant P3A from Sf21 cells supported transcription in an in vitro transcription reconstitution assay. We also proved that P3A is not distributed intranuclearly in vivo. CsCl gradient centrifugation showed that P3A is incapable of preventing N from binding to cellular RNAs and therefore prevents functional template formation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that N-terminal phosphorylation is indispensable for P to prevent N from binding to nonviral RNAs and to maintain the N-specific encapsidation of viral genomic RNA for functional template formation.
Profitable and Sustainable Fertilizer-Management Option in Double Cropping of Irrigated Rice in Senegal River Valley

﻿One of the main factors limiting the yield and productivity of irrigated rice in the Sahel of West Africa is the high cost of fertilizers and inefficient use of nutrients in the cropping systems. A two-year experiment was conducted over four consecutive seasons at Ndiaye (16°11'N, 16°15'W) and Fanaye (16°32'N, 15°11'W) along the Senegal River Valley to investigate alternative fertilizer management options in the double cropping system of rice. Eight fertilizer management options (FMO) were compared to the recommended seasonal application of NPK fertilizer based on yield data, the value-cost ratio (V/C) and the sustainabily of the recommendation. Rice yields increased from 2.5 t/ha without fertilizer application to 8 t/ha under the nine FMOs, which produced similar yields each season at both sites. The V/Cs of the recommended NPK fertilizer (applied each season) varied from 2.3 to 3.7. The V/Cs of FMO that supplied NPK during the hot dry season (HDS) and N during the wet season (WS), or conversely (NPK-N) varied from 3.2 to 5.7. The V/Cs of NPK-NP varied from 2.4 to 4.3. The V/Cs of NPK-NK varied from 2.4 to 4.4. The highest V/Cs ratios (5.2 to 6.3) were obtained by FMOs that supplied NP during the HDS and N during the WS, or conversely. It is concluded that when soil P-Bray1 is above 7 mg P ha-1, FMOs that supply NPK fertilizer in one season and only N fertilizer in the following season could reduce the cost of fertilization by 26% and improve rice productivity for sustainable management of the double cropping system of rice in the Senegal River Valley.
On the linear quadratic data-driven control

The classical approach for solving control problems is model based: first a model representation is derived from given data of the plant and then a control law is synthesized using the model and the control specifications. We present an alternative approach that circumvents the explicit identification of a model representation. The considered control problem is finite horizon linear quadratic tracking. The results are derived assuming exact data and the optimal trajectory is constructed off-line.