Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depression and diabetes: impact of depressive symptoms on adherence, function, and costs.

BACKGROUND Depression is common among patients with chronic medical illness. We explored the impact of depressive symptoms in primary care patients with diabetes on diabetes self-care, adherence to medication regimens, functioning, and health care costs. METHODS We administered a questionnaire to 367 patients with types 1 and 2 diabetes from 2 health maintenance organization primary care clinics to obtain data on demographics, depressive symptoms, diabetes knowledge, functioning, and diabetes self-care. On the basis of automated data, we measured medical comorbidity, health care costs, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) levels, and oral hypoglycemic prescription refills. Using depressive symptom severity tertiles (low, medium, or high), we performed regression analyses to determine the impact of depressive symptoms on adherence to diabetes self-care and oral hypoglycemic regimens, HbA(1c) levels, functional impairment, and health care costs. RESULTS Compared with patients in the low-severity depression symptom tertile, those in the medium- and high-severity tertiles were significantly less adherent to dietary recommendations. Patients in the high-severity tertile were significantly distinct from those in the low-severity tertile by having a higher percentage of days in nonadherence to oral hypoglycemic regimens (15% vs 7%); poorer physical and mental functioning; greater probability of having any emergency department, primary care, specialty care, medical inpatient, and mental health costs; and among users of health care within categories, higher primary (51% higher), ambulatory (75% higher), and total health care costs (86% higher). CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptom severity is associated with poorer diet and medication regimen adherence, functional impairment, and higher health care costs in primary care diabetic patients. Further studies testing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of enhanced models of care of diabetic patients with depression are needed. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:3278-3285.
Comportement et endommagement de l'outil en perçage à sec : applications aux assemblages aéronautiques

L'objet de ces travaux de recherche porte sur l'amelioration des outils de coupe en percage dans le cadre industriel de l'assemblage aeronautique. Les enjeux de l'etude consistent a optimiser la duree de vie des outils suivant un critere de tenue de la qualite geometrique et d'etat de surface des trous perces. Cette optimisation porte sur la geometrie de la partie active des forets. Le fil conducteur des travaux tend donc a mettre en place des methodes qui permettent de lier la geometrie des outils de qualite finale des alesages realises. L'etude a ete divisee en trois etapes differenciees et complementaires de modelisation des phenomenes physiques induits par le procede de percage. La premiere etape consiste a decrire les parametres geometriques reels en fonction des parametres d'affutage de l'outil. En s'appuyant sur la modelisation de la geometrie, le modele de coupe experimental permet d'identifier les torseurs des actions mecaniques de coupe le long de l'arete. Enfin, l'aspect phenomenologique du procede associe les parametres de coupe a la qualite finale des trous perces.
Problems due to migration of leprosy patients into urban areas.

The government of Delhi has been giving concessions to patients suffering from leprosy namely allotment of land at highly subsidized rates. These privileges have over the years attracted a large number of people who have housed themselves in the outskirts of Delhi in separate colonies. Some of these colonies demanding the concessional facilities were rejected because the government had considered their disease to be inactive and hence cured. However they filed a lawsuit and the Supreme Court of India directed the health services and the Urban Leprosy Center to have them examined to assess the activity of the disease. A total of 788 patients including 163 children were taken from 6 colonies in the periphery of Delhi. Of these 626 were available for an examination that included apart from a general health appraisal a thorough cutaneous examination and slit-skin smear for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) from 6 sites for assessing bacteriological index (BI). Only 2 children had active disease. The total number of persons with active disease were 24 yielding an overall activity rate of less than 4%. BI positivity ranged from 1+ to 3.4+. A total of 153 patients had various deformities (including anaesthetic hands and feet claw hand and eye problems; ranging from exposure keratitis to corneal opacities) yielding a total deformity rate of 24.44%. Those with eye complications alone accounted for 14.32%. The continuous flow of migrants into cities particularly Delhi from other states in search of jobs has created major problems for the already subsidized health care system. Though this survey revealed that in the majority of patients the disease was inactive and therefore did not qualify them for the concessions given to those suffering from leprosy it brought forward the need for developing centers for rehabilitation and correction of deformities that would help the victims to lead a productive self-supporting life.
Power of shell–rapping signals influences physiological costs and subsequent decisions during hermit crab fights

Understanding the costs of signals used in fights is the key to understanding decisions made by contestants. Hermit crabs use shell rapping. This is a clearly defined agonistic signal, which can be quantified in temporal terms and in the power of the key shell-rapping signal component. We examine the relationship between the power expended by attacking hermit crabs and their consequent lactate levels. High power expenditure over the whole fight leads to high lactate, and attackers give up when lactate is high. Some defenders give up early in fights, particularly if the power of raps in early bouts they receive is high. These defenders and those not allowed to fight have low glucose, but those that successfully resist eviction have high glucose. Glucose is mobilized in an attempt to resist; nevertheless, some defenders that attempt resistance are still evicted by persistent attackers. Thus, early power of the signal is a major determinant of success for attackers, albeit at a cost. These data show the link between power, repetition of a signal, metabolic consequences and decisions of contestants in fights. The different activities, decisions and costs of the two roles are not adequately described by existing models of contests.
Midbrain Cues Dictate Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Towards Functional Dopaminergic Neurons

Dental pulp originating from the neural crest is considered a better source of postnatal stem cells for cell‐based therapies in neurodegenerative diseases. Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) have been shown to differentiate into cell‐types of cranial neural crest ontology; however, their ability to differentiate to functional neurons of the central nervous system remains to be studied. We hypothesized that midbrain cues might commit DPSCs to differentiate to functional dopaminergic cell‐type. As expected, DPSCs in their naïve state spontaneously expressed early and mature neuronal markers like nestin, musashi12, β tubulin III, and Map2ab. On exposure to midbrain cues (sonic hedgehog, fibroblast growth factor 8 and basic fibroblast growth factor), DPSCs showed upregulation of dopaminergic neuron‐specific transcription factors Nuclear Receptor related protein 1 (Nurr1), Engrailed 1 (En1) and paired‐like homeodomain transcription factor 3 (Pitx3) as revealed by real‐time RT‐PCR. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis showed enhanced expression of mature neuronal marker Map2ab and dopaminergic‐neuronal markers [tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), En1, Nurr1, and Pitx3], with nearly 77% of the induced DPSCs positive for TH. Functional studies indicated that the induced DPSCs could secrete dopamine constitutively and upon stimulation with potassium chloride (KCl) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), as measured by dopamine ELISA. Additionally, the induced DPSCs showed intracellular Ca2+ influx in the presence of KCl, unlike control DPSCs. ATP‐stimulated Ca2+ influx was observed in control and induced DPSCs, but only the induced cells secreted dopamine. Our data clearly demonstrate for the first time that DPSCs in the presence of embryonic midbrain cues show efficient propensity towards functional dopaminergic cell‐type. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1369–1377, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decision Criteria for Software Component Sourcing - Steps towards a Framework

Software developing organizations nowadays have a wide choice when it comes to sourcing software components. This choice ranges from developing or adapting in-house developed components via buying closed source components to utilizing open source components. This study seeks to determine criteria that software developers can use to make this choice. Answering this question will result in a list of criteria that can, after further validation, be used to develop structured decision support in this type of decision. A first step is a literature search resulting in an initial list. Since the literature used was not specifically targeted at the question at hand, it was decided to separately conduct interviews to obtain an independently derived list of criteria. In a second part of the interview the respondents were confronted with the list resulting from literature. Together this resulted in a preliminary proposal for decision criteria for software sourcing.
Efficacy of a Brazilian calcium montmorillonite against toxic effects of dietary aflatoxins on broilers reared to market weight

Abstract 1. The protective effect of a natural Brazilian calcium montmorillonite (CaMont) against aflatoxins was studied in broiler chickens. 2. A total of 1056-d-old Cobb male broilers were housed in experimental pens (22 chickens per pen) for 42 d. Three levels of CaMont (0, 2.5 and 5 g/kg) and two levels of aflatoxins (0 and 3 mg/kg) were assayed. Each treatment had 8 replicate pens of 22 broiler chickens each. 3. Of all the chickens tested in the experiment, the ones treated with aflatoxins were the most adversely affected. CaMont treatment at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 g/kg improved body weight of chickens at 42 d of age by 13.3% and 22.7%, increased daily feed intake by 9.7% and 24.7%, and improved the productive efficiency index of chickens by 53% and 66.5%, respectively. 4. Dietary CaMont positively affected parameters such as weight of liver, heart and gizzard; however, serum potassium concentration decreased by 15.3% compared with that of chickens given only the aflatoxin-contaminated diet. 5. CaMont did not cause adverse effects in chickens that did not receive aflatoxins. 6. CaMont at pH 8.5 partially reduced the toxic effects of aflatoxins in broilers when included at levels of 2.5 and 5 g/kg in the diet.
Grounding-line migration in plan-view marine ice-sheet models: results of the ice2sea MISMIP3d intercomparison

Abstract Predictions of marine ice-sheet behaviour require models able to simulate grounding-line migration. We present results of an intercomparison experiment for plan-view marine ice-sheet models. Verification is effected by comparison with approximate analytical solutions for flux across the grounding line using simplified geometrical configurations (no lateral variations, no buttressing effects from lateral drag). Perturbation experiments specifying spatial variation in basal sliding parameters permitted the evolution of curved grounding lines, generating buttressing effects. The experiments showed regions of compression and extensional flow across the grounding line, thereby invalidating the boundary layer theory. Steady-state grounding-line positions were found to be dependent on the level of physical model approximation. Resolving grounding lines requires inclusion of membrane stresses, a sufficiently small grid size (<500 m), or subgrid interpolation of the grounding line. The latter still requires nominal grid sizes of <5 km. For larger grid spacings, appropriate parameterizations for ice flux may be imposed at the grounding line, but the short-time transient behaviour is then incorrect and different from models that do not incorporate grounding-line parameterizations. The numerical error associated with predicting grounding-line motion can be reduced significantly below the errors associated with parameter ignorance and uncertainties in future scenarios.
Effects of Intracortical Infusion of Anticholinergic Drugs on Neuronal Plasticity in Kitten Striate Cortex

During a critical period of postnatal development the mammalian visual cortex is highly susceptible to experience‐dependent alterations of neuronal response properties. These modifications are facilitated by the neuromodulators noradrenalin and acetylcholine. To identify the cholinergic mechanisms responsible for this facilitation, muscarinic and nicotinic antagonists were infused into the visual cortex of kittens while the animals were subject to monocular deprivation. Subsequently the ocular dominance of cortical cells was assessed by single‐unit recording. Ocular dominance changes were suppressed by scopolamine and pirenzepine but not by gallamine, hexamethonium and mecamylamine. This blocking effect was concentration‐dependent, and control experiments revealed that it was not due to suppression of neuronal responses to light. It is concluded from these results that acetylcholine facilitates neuronal plasticity in the visual cortex through mechanisms activated by muscarinic M1 receptors.
Understanding the determinants of business process modelling in organisations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address a theoretical gap in the business process management (BPM) literature on factors that influence the acceptance and use of business process modelling (PM) in organisations. The paper seeks to contribute to theory building and practice in BPM through better understanding of important determinants of PM adoption and use.Design/methodology/approach – A combination of literature review and 34 interviews in context was used to develop a PM acceptance model that was subsequently empirically tested using survey data from 74 companies.Findings – The paper provides empirical insights about how business PM can be influenced by many factors in the organisational context. It suggests that PM is a complex activity mandated by management, but influenced by individual and socio‐political factors.Research limitations/implications – There is a need for future research to focus on the many opposing forces that influence business PM in organisations. Future studies should ana.
Physical Activity and NIDDM in African-Americans: The Pitt County Study

OBJECTIVE Studies directly examining the association between physical activity and NIDDM in African-Americans are rare. Consequently, the strength of this association in this ethnic minority group remains unclear. The current study broadly characterizes the types of physical activity engaged in by a community sample of working-class African-Americans and then quantifies the association between physical activity and NIDDM risk in this population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS During the 1993 reexamination of participants in the Pitt County Study in North Carolina, data on NIDDM history, current use of insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs, and ∼12-h overnight fasting blood glucose (FBG) were obtained from 598 women and 318 men, ages 30-55 years. The presence of NIDDM was determined by current insulin or medication use and FBG ≥ 140 mg/dl. Study participants were assigned to one of four categories of physical activity: strenuous, moderate, low, or inactive. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of NIDDM in the sample was 7.1%. After adjustment was made for age, sex, education, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio, NIDDM risk for moderately active subjects was one-third that for the physically inactive subjects (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% CI, 0.12-0.98). The ORs for low (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.20-1.29) and strenuous (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.26-1.63) activity also tended to be lower. A summary OR that contrasted any activity versus no activity was 0.51 (95% CI, 0.23-1.13). CONCLUSIONS Moderate physical activity was strongly associated with reduced risk for NIDDM in this sample. While replication of these findings is needed, public health interventions designed to increase moderate (leisure-time) physical activity in black adults should be strongly encouraged.
Therapist correlates of attitudes toward sexual minority individuals, affirmative counseling self-efficacy, and beliefs about affirmative practice

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of training in sexual minority issues, professional identification, and gender on attitudes toward lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, affirmative counseling self-efficacy, and beliefs about affirmative practice among mental health practitioners in the USA. Method: We used the Internet to recruit a nationwide sample of 443 heterosexual psychologists (n = 270), clinical social workers (n = 110), and marriage and family therapists (n = 63) residing in the USA. Results: When controlling for years of practice experience and age, results from structural equation modeling analysis showed that training was associated with more affirmative attitudes, higher levels of affirmative counseling self-efficacy, and more positive beliefs. Female therapists reported more affirmative attitudes and higher levels of affirmative counseling self-efficacy than male therapists. Professional identification did not predict any criterion variables, when controlling for years of practice experience and age. Conclusion: Findings suggest that it will be important for educational and training initiatives to consider the effect of gender role socialization on attitudes and affirmative counseling self-efficacy, especially among beginning male therapists.
Service delivery trends for a physical rehabilitation outreach program

Purpose. Evaluate clinical service characteristics of a physical rehabilitation outreach clinic. Method. A retrospective analysis on service-related factors and patient information (every clinical encounter between 1983 and 2002) was performed on the Terry Fox Mobile Clinic. The Terry Fox Mobile Clinic provided multidisciplinary physical rehabilitation outreach services for adults with disabilities in Eastern and North Eastern Ontario, Canada (on-site visits by rehabilitation specialists). Subjects include 4816 clients with physical disabilities from Eastern and North Eastern Ontario, Canada. Patient data (age, residence, diagnosis, inpatient/outpatient), clinic data (type, location, totals), team data (clinical disciplines), and assistive device utilization over the last 15 years of data were used for analysis. Results. Over 15 years, 4816 clients (1032 clinic days, 1.46 patient-contact ratio) were seen by the outreach team. Single discipline days were the best ‘number of clinic days’ predictor. Following 1999, the 35 – 64 age group became predominate (instead of over-65). Most patients lived in their own residence. Stroke, amputations, neck and back pain, and cerebral palsy accounted for 53% of patient diagnoses. Wheelchairs and orthoses were the highest ranked assistive device consultations/prescriptions (total = 6304). Physicians were involved with the majority of patient contacts. Most clinic activity occurred at sites within 100 km driving distance. Sites over 200 km away had the lowest correlation with the number of clinic days. Conclusions. The 15 years of physical rehabilitation outreach service data is valuable for planning new outreach programs, benchmarking existing services, and telerehabilitation comparisons. Multidisciplinary physical rehabilitation can make a positive contribution to healthcare that extends beyond direct patient contact time.
Clinical characteristics of renal cell carcinoma: Five years review from a tertiary hospital in Eastern India.

BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the one of the dreadful urological carcinoma. In comparison to the West, it is very rarely seen in Asia as well in India. Very small number of studies is available in this geographical area. AIMS We studied the demographic pattern, presentation, risk factors and survival of RCC in an Eastern Indian institution. We characterized and compared these data with available literature Settings and Design: Retrospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 81 patients of RCC from January 2008 to December 2012 were enrolled. Their pre-operative data were reviewed. They were followed as per institutional follow-up protocol. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Kaplan-Meier plot was constructed for survival analysis. Comparison of survival curves was performed by Logrank test. P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS A total of 75 patients were analyzed with a mean follow-up of 26.3 ± 17.7 months. The mean age of presentation in our study was 52.79 years with a peak at 5th decade. Nearly 73.33% patients having one or more risk factors. 9 out of 10 had presented with some symptoms. The survival for localized RCC was 100% and significantly greater than advanced RCC (P < 0.0001). Similarly in the stage III, significant greater survival (P < 0.0001) was noted compare to stage IV. CONCLUSIONS The age of presentation of RCC in India has been found in 5th decade, which is a decade earlier than the western countries. Symptomatic RCC is still majority in India. Organ confined tumors have good prognosis. When it metastasizes to lymph node or distant organ, the outcome is poor. Our results may form the basis for further studies and it may be used as future reference.
Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2) in the Nonhuman Primate Brain and Pituitary* * This work was supported by NSF Grant IBN-9728581, NIH Grants NS-36111, MH-59847, RR-00163, HD-29186, and HD-37186.

Energy dissipating mechanisms and their regulatory components represent key elements of metabolism and may offer novel targets in the treatment of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes. Recent studies have shown that a mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP2), which uncouples mitochondrial oxidation from phosphorylation, is expressed in the rodent brain by neurons that are known to regulate autonomic, metabolic, and endocrine processes. To help establish the relevance of these rodent data to primate physiology, we now examined UCP2 messenger RNA and peptide expressions in the brain and pituitary gland of nonhuman primates. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that UCP2 messenger RNA is expressed in the paraventricular, supraoptic, suprachiasmatic, and arcuate nuclei of the primate hypothalamus and also in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Immunocytochemistry revealed abundant UCP2 expression in cell bodies and axonal processes in the aforementioned nuclei as well as in other hypothalamic and brain stem regions and all parts of the pituitary gland. In the hypothalamus, UCP2 was coexpressed with neuropeptide Y, CRH, oxytocin, and vasopressin. In the pituitary, vasopressin and oxytocin-producing axonal processes in the posterior lobe and POMC cells in the intermediate and anterior lobes expressed UCP2. On the other hand, none of the GH-producing cells of the anterior pituitary was found to produce UCP2. The abundance and distribution pattern of UCP2 in the primate brain and pituitary suggest that this protein is evolutionary conserved and may relate to central autonomic, endocrine and metabolic regulation.
Dust: A Diagnostic of the Hydrologic Cycle During the Last Glacial Maximum

Dust concentrations in ice of the last glacial maximum (LGM) are high in ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica. The magnitude of the enhancements can be explained if the strength of the hydrologic cycle during the LGM was about half of that at present. This notion is consistent with a large decrease (5°C) in ocean temperature during the LGM, as recently deduced from measurements of strontium and calcium in corals.