Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institutional Ownership and Firm Value in Thailand

Despite the crucial roles of institutional investors in corporate governance mechanisms, there is little empirical evidence regarding the impact of institutional ownership on firm value in Thailand. This paper examines the relationship between institutional shareholdings and firm value in a sample of 1,451 observations from 323 non-financial firms listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) over the period 2007 to 2011. After controlling for firm characteristics and endogeneity problems, the evidence indicates that equity ownership by domestic institutional investors has a positive impact on firm value while higher foreign institutional ownership is associated with lower corporate value. The findings suggest that domestic institutional investors provide effective monitoring roles, thereby increasing corporate governance and firm value, whereas foreign institutional investors are inactive in monitoring the managers and may even expropriate corporate resources at the expense of minority shareholders.Keywords: Corporate Governance, Domestic Institutional Ownership, Foreign Institutional Ownership, Monitoring Roles, Ownership StructureJEL Classification: G32, G34
Profile analysis of dairy farm women in adoption of scientific practices.

Dairy farming is the one of the important livelihood activity in Gujarat involving women significantly. For the adoption of new technologies in dairy, profile of the farm women is an important factor in developing countries like India. By considering this aspect the study was undertaken in eight talukas of Anand district in Gujarat with sample size of 160. The result indicates that great majority of the dairy farm women belongs to middle aged (35 to 40 yrs) educated up to higher secondary level and they were having medium level (6 to 10 years) of experience in dairy farming. In the study half the respondents belong to nuclear family majority of them were the members in only one organization like dairy with medium level of income and an average 4 to 5 mulching animals. They were less exposed to mass media and extension contact due to they were having lack of knowledge regarding scientific aspects of dairy and moderate risk taking capacity. To compete with the world food market with the best quality of produce, use and adoption of new and scientific technology is important and it is linked with the profile of the respondents.
Tractability: Practical Approaches to Hard Problems

Contributors Introduction Lucas Bordeaux, Youssef Hamadi and Pushmeet Kohli Part I. Graphical Structure: 1. Treewidth and hypertree width Georg Gottlob, Gianluigi Greco and Francesco Scarcello 2. Perfect graphs and graphical modeling Tony Jebara Part II. Language Restrictions: 3. Submodular function maximization Andreas Krause and Daniel Golovin 4. Tractable valued constraints Peter G. Jeavons and Stanislav Zivny 5. Tractable knowledge representation formalisms Adnan Darwiche Part III. Algorithms and their Analysis: 6. Tree-reweighted message passing Vladimir Kolmogorov 7. Tractable optimization in machine learning Suvrit Sra 8. Approximation algorithms Mohit Singh and Kunal Talwar 9. Kernelization methods for fixed-parameter tractability Fedor V. Fomin and Saket Saurabh Part IV. Tractability in Some Specific Areas: 10. Efficient submodular function minimization for computer vision Pushmeet Kohli 11. Towards practical graph-based, iteratively decoded channel codes: insights through absorbing sets Lara Dolecek Part V. Heuristics: 12. SAT solvers Joao Marques-Silva and Ines Lynce 13. Tractability and modern satisfiability modulo theories solvers Nikolaj Bjorner and Leonardo de Moura.
Activity-Dependent Suppression of Miniature Neurotransmission through the Regulation of DNA Methylation

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that plays a critical role in the repression of gene expression. Here, we show that DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibition in hippocampal neurons results in activity-dependent demethylation of genomic DNA and a parallel decrease in the frequency of miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs), which in turn impacts neuronal excitability and network activity. Treatment with DNMT inhibitors reveals an activity-driven demethylation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor promoter I, which is mediated by synaptic activation of NMDA receptors, because it is susceptible to AP-5, a blocker of NMDA receptors. The specific effect of DNMT inhibition on spontaneous excitatory neurotransmission requires gene transcription and is occluded in the absence of the transcriptional repressor methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Interestingly, enhancing excitatory activity, in the absence of DNMT inhibitors, also produces similar decreases in DNA methylation and mEPSC frequency, suggesting a role for DNA methylation in the control of homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, adding excess substrate for DNA methylation (S-adenosyl-l-methionine) rescues the suppression of mEPSCs by DNMT inhibitors in wild-type neurons, as well as the defect seen in MeCP2-deficient neurons. These results uncover a means by which NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic activity drives DNA demethylation within mature neurons and suppresses basal synaptic function.
Recommended Practices for Prevention of Retained Surgical Items

AORN recognizes the various settings in which perioperative nurses practice. These recommended practices are intended as guidelines adaptable to various practice settings. These practice settings include traditional operating rooms (ORs), ambulatory surgery centers, physicians' offices, cardiac catheterization laboratories, endoscopy suites, radiology departments, and all other areas where surgery and other invasive procedures may be performed.
Nursing Diagnostics of Nutrition Domain of NANDA International in Hemodialysis Patients

Introduction: The dialysis causes the loss of the nutrients and the elevation of catabolism, thus, patients in dialysis have at high risk for the loss of body reserves of protein and energy. Objective: To identify nursing diagnoses of nutrition domain of NANDA International in hemodialysis patients and to correlate them to the socioeconomic and clinical data. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Performed in a large university hospital in northeastern Brazil. Participants: The first stage was carried out with 50 patients, selected with the following inclusion criteria: Being hospitalized and undergoing hemodialysis in that hospital; aged 18 years old or over; being conscious and oriented. Exclusion criteria were patients undergoing hemodialysis in that hospital with external service, pregnant women and patients being treated by plasmapheresis. In the second stage, participants were three nursing specialists in nephrology and nursing diagnoses. Methods: The defining characteristics of the nursing diagnoses inserted in the nutrition domain were observed in patients and then these data were judged by nurses, in order to identify diagnoses present in each patient. The Chi-square, Fisher’s exact and Mann-Whitney tests were used in the analysis of the relationship of socioeconomic and clinical data, with an adopted p value of <0.05. Results: The study identified six diagnoses of nutrition domain with prevalence ≥50% in patients. Among these, the diagnosis: Risk for impaired liver function, imbalanced nutrition: More than body requirements, risk for deficient fluid volume, readiness for enhanced fluid volume were significantly associated with gender (p = 0.001), origin (p = 0.014), religion (p = 0.046) and income (p = 0.039), respectively. Conclusion: The variables that showed significant association were risk of impaired liver function and gender; imbalanced nutrition: More than body requirements and origin requirements; risk for deficient fluid volume and religion; and deficient fluid volume and income.
Impact of Initial-Trust Image on Shopper Trust and Patronage Intentions

The objective of this study is to examine the role of store image in influencing shopper trust and patronage intentions when 1) the store has never been visited and 2) the store has been visited. This study also identifies three stages through which ‘trust-image’ progresses and uses the first stage to construct and ‘initial-trust-image’ of the store. The experimental study findings provide empirical support that initial-trust-image of the store has significant impact on trust and patronage intentions for some shoppers. Retailers entering the Indian market are advised to be conscious of the symbolic cues that they embed in the store appearance, especially since the initial-trust-image needs to convey more than just competence and expertise. Significantly, the findings also indicate that asymmetric effects of trust operate at the stage of initial-trust – negative initial-image perception causes greater mistrust than positive initial-image causes trust.
Debt Valuation Adjustments and Executive Compensation

This paper investigates the relation between debt valuation adjustments (DVAs) and top executive compensation in the banking industry. DVAs arise from changes in fair value of liabilities associated with changes in a firm’s own credit standing, and have become a significant income component for some banking companies. We present three major findings. First, we find that executive compensation is positively related to pre-DVA income and stock returns, which is consistent with the relationships suggested by prior literature (e.g., Lambert and Larcker, 1987; Sloan, 1993). However, our second finding shows that top executives are penalized not only for DVA losses but also for DVA gains. This finding is consistent with the notion that efficient compensation contracts should be conservative and incorporate DVA losses immediately, while DVA gains could in fact be economic losses because the firm’s credit standing has declined. Consistent with this notion, we show that top executive compensation decreases in banks with increased Credit Default Spread (CDS) premiums (a proxy for declined own credit rating), but the explanation power of CDS is subsumed by DVA once DVA is added to the model. This finding implies that the compensation committees of banks penalize executives for DVA gains to discourage them from incurring economic losses resulting from credit rating deterioration.
Why Are Predators More Sensitive to Habitat Size than Their Prey? Insights from Bromeliad Insect Food Webs

Ecologists have hypothesized that the exponent of species‐area power functions (z value) should increase with trophic level. The main explanation for this pattern has been that specialist predators require prior colonization of a patch by their prey, resulting in a compounding of the effects of area up trophic levels. We propose two novel explanations, neither of which assumes trophic coupling between species. First, sampling effects can result in different z values if the abundances of species differ (in mean or evenness) between trophic levels. Second, when body size increases between trophic levels, effects of body size on z values may appear as differences between trophic levels. We test these alternative explanations using invertebrate food webs in 280 bromeliads from three countries. The z value of predators was higher than that of prey. Much of the difference in z values could be explained by sampling effects but not by body size effects. When damselflies occurred in the species pool, predator z values were even higher than predicted, as damselflies avoid small, drought‐prone bromeliads. In one habitat, dwarf forests, detrital biomass became decoupled from bromeliad size, which also caused large trophic differences in z values. We argue that there are often simpler explanations than trophic coupling to explain differences in z values between trophic levels.
A Field Examination of Two Measures of Work Motivation as Predictors of Leaders' Influence Tactics

Abstract The authors tested 2 motivation measures, the Motivation Sources Inventory (MSI; J. E. Barbuto & R. W. Scholl, 1998) and the Job Choice Decision-Making Exercise (A. M. Harrell & M. J. Stahl, 1981) as predictors of leaders' influence tactics. The authors sampled 219 leader-member dyads from a variety of organizations and communities throughout the central United States. Results strongly favored the MSI as a predictor of influence tactics. Limitations of the study include low power of relationships, sample size as limited by the research design, and education levels of participants. Future researchers should use larger and more diverse samples and test other relevant antecedents of leaders' behaviors.
Social and Environmental Disclosure in Saudi Companies

There is a growth in demand by stakeholders for companies to demonstrate greater transparency on their social and environmental performance. Few studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia on the area of voluntary disclosure. The present study aims to evaluate the current level of social and environmental disclosure (SED) and to investigate the influence of the variables (size, industry, sector, age, capital raised, and audit firm size) on the general level of social and environmental disclosure in the nonfinancial companies in Saudi Stock Market (SSM). The disclosure index is constructed of 25 items to evaluate the level of disclosure in the 2008 annual reports of all the 93 nonfinancial companies in Saudi Stock Market. The relationships between the disclosure level of the six variables are investigated using ordinary least square regression model. Results show that the level of social and environmental disclosure level is very low for Saudi nonfinancial listed companies. Company size and sector are found to be significantly associated with the level of disclosure. However, the remaining variables are not significantly correlated with disclosure level. This study makes a positive contribution to enhance general knowledge of SED practices and can help Saudi authorities to enforce new policies toward social and environmental reporting.
Clinical Investigation : Breast Cancers Outcomes of Low-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ in Southeast Asian Women Treated With Breast Conservation Therapy

In this study, the authors examined the outcomes of Southeast Asian women with low-risk DCIS treated with BCS and concluded that screen-detected DCIS has exceedingly low rates of IBTR after BCS. The addition of adjuvant RT approximately halved the IBTR rates in the study patients. The high proportion of recurrence in the small group of patients who did not receive RT warns of the potential hazards of managing these low-risk patients without radiation.
Expectant fathers and labor epidurals.

PURPOSE A qualitative research study was conducted to describe and explain expectant father's experiences during labor when their partners receive labor epidurals. DESIGN Grounded theory. METHODS Seventeen couples were interviewed using a semi-structured interview format. RESULTS Two major concepts were identified: "Losing Her" and "She's Back. " The men reported that these were the two critical points at which the epidural affected their experience. The theory, "Cruising through Labor," explained the fathers' experiences. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Childbirth preparation classes that describe and explain women's responses to the increasing pain of labor contractions, the exhaustion of labor, and the effect of epidural analgesia could possibly assist men in preparing for the changes they will witness in their partners during the labor experience. Knowing that these changes are normal responses to the effects of labor might reduce men's levels of anxiety, frustration, and sense of helplessness. The labor nurse is a major support to the expectant fathers. Labor nurses who remain in the room during this phase, explain what is happening, and include the expectant father in their nursing care provide the best support.
Hospital nurses' perceptions of the geriatric care environment in one Canadian health care region.

PURPOSE To identify and compare perceptions of the geriatric care environment among nurses in three different urban hospital types in one health authority in a Midwestern Canadian province. DESIGN The Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile developed by the Nurses Improving Healthsystem Elders (NICHE) program was administered to staff in eight urban hospitals between 2005 and 2006: two geriatric-chronic care hospitals, four community hospitals, and two tertiary hospitals. The study focused on 1,189 nurses who completed the survey (n= 298 for geriatric-chronic care hospitals; n= 387 for community hospitals, n= 504 for tertiary hospitals). METHODS Analyses focused on items related to the concept of the geriatric nursing practice environment, including a composite measure of overall perceptions and three subscales (institutional values regarding older adults and staff, resource availability, and capacity for collaboration). Nurses' perceptions of the extent to which facilities supported the provision of aging-sensitive or aging-relevant care to older adults and their families was also examined. Univariate analysis of variance was performed to determine significant group differences among nurses in the three hospital types. FINDINGS Perceptions of the geriatric nurse practice environment (both in terms of the composite scale and the three subscales) were least positive among nurses in community hospitals relative to the other two hospital types. Perceptions in tertiary hospitals were significantly more positive than those in community hospitals in terms of institutional values and resource availability, albeit not capacity for collaboration. Perceptions were most positive in the geriatric-chronic care hospitals. Perceptions of aging-sensitive care delivery were also less positive in community and tertiary hospitals, relative to geriatric-chronic care hospitals; perceptions in community and tertiary hospitals did not differ from each other. CONCLUSIONS In this Canadian study, nurses' perception of the care environment varied by hospital type, with nurses in community hospitals expressing the most concern and nurses in geriatric-chronic care hospitals being the most positive. This research highlights the importance of the hospital setting in understanding nurses' ability to provide quality geriatric care. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Enhancing the quality of care for older patients requires an understanding of the challenges and obstacles experienced by nurses. Assessing their perceptions of the care environment they work in, therefore, becomes a key issue in targeting policy and programs.
Sustainability on construction projects as a business opportunity

Construction contractors, have historically and quite naturally been motivated by profit; the profit motive is driven by their shareholders and the necessity to survive in business. Environmental and social issues, when considered, were a secondary priority or something that was obligatory, and generally viewed as being counter to profit; that is, their inclusion either reduced revenue or increased costs. However, this paper argues for a more positive view of sustainability, in that contractors should view it as a business opportunity, and something that can contribute to the health of their companies rather than detract from it. The paper encompasses: the primary sustainability criteria applying to construction projects, namely economic, environmental, and social; secondary criteria relating to, among others, pollution (air, water and soil), emissions, hazardous materials, land use, waste generation and disposal, resource usage, and energy use; and contractor actions necessary to achieve sustainability. The secondary criteria are looked at from the viewpoint of all project stakeholders, namely the client, contractor (including shareholders), subcontractors, suppliers, and the public. Comment is made on contractor triple bottom line reporting, and the process of changing contractor attitudes to appreciate the benefits of sustainable practices such as savings in disposal costs, reduced material inputs, reduced insurance, avoided environmental legislation penalties, clean production, and energy efficiency. It is also argued that improved public image can lead to a larger market share. The production output (end-product) of a construction project is fixed, and hence a contractor's profit will only be improved through production efficiency, and part of this efficiency it is suggested can derive from adopting sustainable practices.
Low-dose Volumetric Computed Tomography for Quantification of Emphysema in Asymptomatic Smokers Participating in an Early Lung Cancer Detection Trial

Purpose High-resolution computed tomography (CT) is a validated method to quantify the extent of pulmonary emphysema. In this study, we assessed the reliability of low-dose volumetric CT (LDCT) for the quantification of emphysema and its correlation with spirometric indices of airway obstruction. Materials and Methods The study population consisted of 102 consecutive current and former smokers participating in a lung cancer screening trial. All subjects underwent spirometry testing and LDCT at entry and a LDCT after 12 months. The extent of emphysema was estimated by 2 techniques; by using the lung attenuation threshold analysis and by visual assessment of the 2 independent radiologists. The reproducibility of these determinations was assessed using test-retest reliability and κ coefficient of agreement. The correlation of LDCT-based emphysema determinations with indices of airway obstruction on spirometry was also calculated. Results Eighty percent of the participants were male, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 54.5 (7.5) years, and median pack-years (interquartile range) of 20 (24). Test-retest reliability of all LDCT-based emphysema determinations was very good (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.92 for the volume of emphysema, and 0.93 for the emphysema index or emphysema volume/total lung volume). Similarly, there was an excellent interrater agreement for visual assessment of emphysema (κ coefficient=0.91). Higher volumes of emphysema measured quantitatively or visually significantly correlated with spirometric markers of airway obstruction. Conclusions Volumetric LDCT is a reliable and valid technique for the quantification of emphysema in asymptomatic smokers.
Fine structure of ascospore development in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ascospore development is initiated through the movement of nuclear material and cytoplasm into an envelope, or prospore wall. The prospore wall is first observed at the cytoplasmic side of the spindle plaque during the second meiotic division. When the 'prospores' attain their full size, the envelope closes and the ascospore becomes spherical. At this stage the central, electron-transparent, zone of the prospore wall becomes more prominent. Eventually the central zone expands into the mature cell wall. This description is based on observations of glutaraldehyde-fixed cells, and it differs in some details from reports based on KMnO4-fixed yeast cells.