Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of The Ethical Leadership on Perceived Organizational Justice and Organizational Identification of The Employees: The Case of Tourism Businesses

Accepted:11.05. 2013 In this study, the effect of the ethical leadership on perceived organizational justice and identification has been researched with a case study. The researches’ views have been examined by performing a literature review. The study has been realized with the individuals working in the tourism businesses in Ankara (Turkey). The questionnaire has been applied with the face to face interviews. The hypotheses have been evaluated by looking at the interactions of the ethical leadership with the organizational justice and the organizational identification separately from the data. Regression models for organizational justice and organizational identification have been founded on ethical leadership and ethical leadership change according to gender has been checked by t-test. When previous analysis merged, it was determined that there was no difference between genders on ethical leadership affecting organizational justice and organizational identification
The frequency of GSTT 1 null genotype in Turkish population and lung cancer risk

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that Glutathione S-transferase (GST) genotypes may play a role in determining susceptibility to lung cancer, though the data are often conflicting. In different ethnic groups variations in null allele frequency has been observed. AIMS: We aimed to evaluate whether genetic polymorphisms of Glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT1) influence individual susceptibility to lung cancer in Turkish population. We tried to clarify the frequencies of GSTM1 gene polymorphisms in a Turkish population. METHODS: DNA samples, extracted from the whole blood were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in all of the 68 cases, composed of 31 previously diagnosed lung cancer and 37 healthy controls. RESULTS: The prevalence of GSTT1 null genotype in the lung cancer patients was 29%, compared to 11% in control group. GSTT1 null genotype was found to be higher in cancer group compared to the control group, although it was not statistically significant (OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 0.92– 12.32, P = 0.06). There was also no significant relation in GSTT1 genotypes among histopathology types of lung cancers. The frequency of GSTT1 was found to be 25.4% (n = 952) when the studies of Turkish population were reviewed. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that carrying the GSTT1 null genotype may be accepted as a weak risk factor for the susceptibility to lung cancer.
Fatty acid composition of nuts – implications for cardiovascular health

It is well established that, due to their high content of saturated fatty acids (SFA), the intake of meat and meat products is strongly associated with elevated blood cholesterol concentrations and an increased risk of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, the intake of foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids, such as those contained in most vegetable fats and oils and oily fish, is associated with improved lipid profiles, a lower potency of intermediate biomarkers of atherosclerosis and lesser incidence of cardiovascular diseases. There are persuasive evidences that dietary substitution of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for SFA lowers blood cholesterol and may have beneficial effects on inflammation, thrombosis, and vascular reactivity. MUFA may have an advantage over PUFA because enrichment of lipoprotein lipids with MUFA increases their resistance to oxidation. Marine n-3 PUFA have a number of anti-atherosclerotic effects, including anti-arrhythmic properties and, at relatively high doses, reduce serum triglycerides. These effects appear to be shared in part by vegetable n-3 PUFA. Nuts are natural foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids; most nuts contain substantial amounts of MUFA, while walnuts are especially rich in both n-6 and n-3 PUFA. Healthy fats in nuts contribute to the beneficial effects of frequent nut intake observed in epidemiological studies (prevention of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and sudden death) and in short-term feeding trials (cholesterol lowering, LDL resistance to oxidation, and improved endothelial function).
Detailed Analysis of Team Movement and Communication Affecting Team Performance in the America's Army Game

We conducted the second data analysis with a new game log record dataset and focused on what the optimal team structure is in terms of communication and movement. We utilized regression analyses and correspondence analyses to make the optimal network, and we identified several important features of optimal networks from those analyses. Furthermore we coded 'Network Fitter' and used it to make a computer program figure out the most effective team organization. From the fitting result, we could obtain five optimal movement networks and five optimal communication networks. Among them, we found out that a dense movement network with two sub graphs and a long-chain shaped communication network would make casualty lower without damaging the deadliness of a team. After identifying the optimal movement networks and communication networks, we applied the findings from the analyses to the real world and made three recommendations on training squad level unit, constructing effective TTP, and configuring an optimal squad unit.
Automated liver volumetry in orthotopic liver transplantation using multiphase acquisitions on MDCT.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test a new automated hepatic volumetry technique by comparing the accuracies and postprocessing times of manual and automated liver volume segmentation methods in a patient population undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation so that liver volume could be determined on pathology as the standard of reference. CONCLUSION Both manual and automated multiphase MDCT-based volume measurements were strongly correlated to liver volume (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = 0.87 [p < 0.0001] and 0.90 [p < 0.0001], respectively). Automated multiphase segmentation was significantly more rapid than manual segmentation (mean time, 16 ± 5 [SD] and 86 ± 3 seconds, respectively; p = 0.01). Overall, automated liver volumetry based on multiphase CT acquisitions is feasible and more rapid than manual segmentation.
Liquid‐based cervical‐cell collection with brushes and wooden spatulas: A comparison of 100 conventional smears from high‐risk women to liquid‐fixed cytocentrifuge slides, demonstrating a cost‐effective, alternative monolayer slide preparation method

Our purpose was to demonstrate that 17.5‐mm liquid‐based cytocentrifuge circle‐slides made using a Hettich (Andreas Hettich Co., Tuttlingen, Germany) cytocentrifuge are at least as efficacious as conventional smears for detecting cervical abnormalities. One hundred conventional smears were collected with cytobrushes and wooden spatulas from high‐risk women. Both devices were then placed into CytoRich Red (AutoCyte, Inc., Burlington, NC). Cells were concentrated from CytoRich Red by centrifugation and suspended in CytoRich Yellow. Two 17.5‐mm circle‐slides were produced, compared to each other in order to test reproducibility of diagnoses between slides, and compared to conventional slides. Sixty‐five normals, three ASCUS, three LSIL, and two HSIL matched. Overall, cytocentrifugation yielded 27 additional findings among 25 cases. Also, it downgraded one conventional ASCUS to normal (immature metaplasia and chronic inflammation) and one conventional HSIL to normal (transitional cell metaplasia). Cytocentrifugation of 14 conventional normals afforded four ASCUS and 10 LSIL. Cytocentrifugation of 11 conventional ASCUS afforded nine LSIL and two HSIL (one with AIS). One HSIL + AIS was found with a conventional HSIL. Cytobrushes and wooden spatulas can be used to collect material for liquid‐based cervico‐vaginal cytology if they are placed into CytoRich Red. Hettich cytocentrifuge slides were more reliable than conventional smears in presenting well‐dispersed, sharply imaged cells, affording greater diagnostic sensitivity and certainty. Compared to previous split‐sample studies, three different outcomes were noted: 1) the endocervical component was consistently well‐represented; 2) AIS was seen more often in liquid‐based slides; and 3) the liquid‐based slide did not underdiagnose its conventional companion. The liquid‐based preparations downgraded one ASCUS to normal and one conventional HSIL to transitional‐cell metaplasia. Histology correlation of these two cases agreed with the liquid‐based cytology diagnoses, which validates their specificity. These improvements are ascribed to differences in fixation and processing. The low cost, ease of operation, and reusable chambers of the Hettich cytocentrifuge make it a cost‐effective liquid‐based cytology instrument, especially for small to intermediate‐size laboratories. The claims that this paper makes must be proven by additional studies, and test implementation needs to be scrutinized by appropriate regulatory agencies whose standards may vary from country to country. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2000;22:86–91. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Component Separations

Abstract Component separation is a technique used to provide adequate coverage for midline abdominal wall defects such as a large ventral hernia. This surgical technique is based on subcutaneous lateral dissection, fasciotomy lateral to the rectus abdominis muscle, and dissection on the plane between external and internal oblique muscles with medial advancement of the block that includes the rectus muscle and its fascia. This release allows for medial advancement of the fascia and closure of up to 20-cm wide defects in the midline area. Since its original description, components separation technique underwent multiple modifications with the ultimate goal to decrease the morbidity associated with the traditional procedure. The extensive subcutaneous lateral dissection had been associated with ischemia of the midline skin edges, wound dehiscence, infection, and seroma. Although the current trend is to proceed with minimally invasive component separation and to reinforce the fascia with mesh, the basic principles of the techniques as described by Ramirez et al in 1990 have not changed over the years. Surgeons who deal with the management of abdominal wall defects are highly encouraged to include this technique in their collection of treatment options.
Occurrence of Diverse AbGRI1-Type Genomic Islands in Acinetobacter baumannii Global Clone 2 Isolates from South Korea

ABSTRACT In this study, we analyzed the frequency of the AbGRI1-type genomic island (GI) and its association with genotypes. We obtained 130 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates causing bloodstream infections from patients in South Korea. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and multilocus sequence typing were performed. The presence of AbGRI1-type GIs and their structures were determined by sequential PCR and sequencing. Ninety-eight isolates (75.3%) representing 14 sequence types (STs) belonged to clonal complex 208 (CC208), corresponding to global clone 2 (GC2). AbGRI1-type GIs interrupted the comM gene in 107 isolates (82.4%). Four types of GIs were identified: Tn6022 (50 isolates; 46.7%), AbaR4 (23 isolates; 21.5%), Tn6166 (10 isolates; 9.3%), and Tn6166/Tn2006 (24 isolates; 22.4%). In the 50 isolates with Tn6022, Tn2006 or Tn2008B, both containing ISAba1-blaOXA-23, was present in sites other than GIs in 3 or 28 isolates, respectively. In the 10 isolates with Tn6166, Tn2008B was identified in one isolate. AbGRI1-type GIs were identified nearly exclusively in CC208 isolates, with the exception of nine non-CC208 isolates (AbaR4 in eight ST229 isolates and Tn6022 in one ST1244 isolate). Within CC208 isolates, there was evidence of frequent recombination events, in both housekeeping genes and AbGRI1-type GIs, contributing to genotype diversification and the emergence of carbapenem resistance.
Inhibition of leukocyte chemiluminescence by platelets: role of platelet-bound fibrinogen

Tethering of PMNL by platelets via CD62P has been shown to cause PMNL activation. Co-incubation of purified PMNL with platelets that were activated with thrombin and then fixed and washed, resulted in the formation of platelet-PMNL conjugates as well as in a generation of reactive oxygen species that were measured as luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. When platelets were thrombin activated in the presence of RGDS to prevent binding of fibrinogen to membrane receptors, they had a reduced capacity to adhere to PMNL, but ROS generation was enhanced. In samples of citrated whole blood RGDS as well as the more specific platelet fibrinogen receptor antagonist GR144053F or a dissociation of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex markedly enhanced ROS generation that was induced by stirring the samples for 10 min at 1000 rpm, by 175%, 95% and 138%, respectively. Removal of platelets from the whole blood samples also resulted in an enhancement of stirring-induced ROS generation, which was inversely correlated to the platelet count. These data provide some evidence that platelets are capable of inhibiting ROS generation in PMNL by a mechanism that involves platelet-bound fibrinogen and probably depends on fibrinogen-mediated platelet-PMNL contact.
Study of neural correlates of attention in mice with spectro-spatio-temporal approaches

While signatures of attention can be observed in widespread areas within and outside of cortex, the control of attention is thought to be regulated by higher cognitive brain areas, such as the prefrontal cortex. In their recent study on mice Kim et al. [1] could show that successful allocation of attention is characterized by increased spiking of a specific type of inhibitory interneurons, the parvalbumin neurons, and higher oscillatory activity in the gamma band in the local prefrontal network. It was recently demonstrated that encoding of working memory in prefrontal areas is linked to bursts of gamma oscillations, a discontinuous network process characterized by short periods of intense power in the gamma band. The relationship between attention and working memory is unclear, and it is possible that these two cognitive processes share encoding principles. To address this gap, the electrophysiological data collected in the Carlén Lab have been analyzed with advanced spatio-temporal approaches. In particular, we have analyzed bursting gamma activity in medial prefrontal cortex during attentional processing and investigated the similarities to gamma bursting observed during working memory. Gamma-band bursts during attention were reliably detected with several methods. We have characterized several features of the bursts, including the occurrence, duration and amplitude. The neuronal firing rates during and outside of bursts have also been computed. We investigated the correlation between different criteria characterizing the gamma burst and successful vs failed allocation of attention. Control data were generated to discuss the obtained results. The aim of the study was to explore the hypothesis that the medial prefrontal cortex encodes attention through gamma bursts, which could reveal some similarities and differences in coding of central cognitive processes. No clear difference was found in the characterization between successful and failed allocation of attention. In addition, results were very similar in control set and original data. No underlying mechanism could be identified from this analysis. Therefore, as the bursts occurring in the gamma band in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were not discriminative with respect to the different tested conditions, they do not seem to encode information related to attention.
[Botulinum toxin treatment for horizontal strabismus in children with cerebral palsy].

UNLABELLED To evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of horizontal strabismus in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS A group of 24 patients, age 6 - 156 months, with cerebral palsy and horizontal strabismus (17 esotropias ranging from 25 to 45 PD and 7 exotropias ranging from 20 to 45 PD) were treated with botulinum toxin (34 medial rectus and 14 lateral rectus muscles). The children underwent full ophthalmic examination. The injection treatment was performed after sedation using Mendonça's forceps. The follow-up was done after 7 days, 15 days and monthly. Deviation less or equal of 10 PD after 6 months of follow-up was considered successful. However, if patients did not achieve this result a second application could be performed. RESULTS In the group of esotropia (n=17) 47.1% had successful results with only one application after two years of follow-up. All of these patients had previous deviation less than or equal to 35 PD. In the exotropia group a single injection was not sufficient to achieve successful result. The side effects included: subconjutival hemorrhage in 4 (16.7%) patients, transient vertical deviation in 4 (16.7%) and transient ptosis in 22 (91.7%). CONCLUSION The use of botulinum toxin was a good alternative in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy and esotropia.
Theoretic applicability of antisense‐mediated exon skipping for Duchenne muscular dystrophy mutations

Antisense‐mediated exon skipping aiming for reading frame restoration is currently a promising therapeutic application for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). This approach is mutation specific, but as the majority of DMD patients have deletions that cluster in hotspot regions, the skipping of a small number of exons is applicable to relatively large numbers of patients. To assess the actual applicability of the exon skipping approach, we here determined for deletions, duplications and point mutations reported in the Leiden DMD mutation database, which exon(s) should be skipped to restore the open reading frame. In theory, single and double exon skipping would be applicable to 79% of deletions, 91% of small mutations, and 73% of duplications, amounting to 83% of all DMD mutations. Exon 51 skipping, which is being tested in clinical trials, would be applicable to the largest group (13%) of all DMD patients. Further research is needed to determine the functionality of different in‐frame dystrophins and a number of hurdles has to be overcome before this approach can be applied clinically. Hum Mutat 0, 1–7, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of neighbourhood‐level crowding on sleep‐disordered breathing severity: mediation by body size

Neighbourhood‐level crowding, a measure of the percentage of households with more than one person per room, may impact the severity of sleep‐disordered breathing. This study examined the association of neighbourhood‐level crowding with apnoea–hypopnoea index in a large clinical sample of diverse adults with sleep‐disordered breathing. Sleep‐disordered breathing severity was quantified as the apnoea–hypopnoea index calculated from overnight polysomnogram; analyses were restricted to those with apnoea–hypopnoea index ≥5. Neighbourhood‐level crowding was defined using 2000 US Census tract data as percentage of households in a census tract with >1 person per room. Multivariable linear mixed models were fit to examine the associations between the percentage of neighbourhood‐level crowding and apnoea–hypopnoea index, and a causal mediation analysis was conducted to determine if body mass index acted as a mediator between neighbourhood‐level crowding and apnoea–hypopnoea index. Among 1789 patients (43% African American; 68% male; 80% obese), the mean apnoea–hypopnoea index was 29.0 ± 25.3. After adjusting for race, age, marital status and gender, neighbourhood‐level crowding was associated with apnoea–hypopnoea index; for every one‐unit increase in percentage of neighbourhood‐level crowding mean, the apnoea–hypopnoea index increased by 0.40 ± 0.20 (P = 0.04). There was a statistically significant indirect effect of neighbourhood‐level crowding through body mass index on the apnoea–hypopnoea index (P < 0.001). Neighbourhood‐level crowding is associated with severity of sleep‐disordered breathing. Body mass index partially mediated the association between neighbourhood‐level crowding and sleep‐disordered breathing. Investigating prevalent neighbourhood conditions impacting breathing in urban settings may be promising.
Dietary, lifestyle, and clinical predictors of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity in individuals without coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND Elevated lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) may be positively associated with risk of coronary artery disease, yet little is known about potentially modifiable factors related to Lp-PLA(2). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine dietary, lifestyle, and clinical measures associated with Lp-PLA(2) activity. DESIGN We measured Lp-PLA(2) activity in 853 female participants of the Nurses' Health Study and 878 male participants of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study who were free of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the relation between potentially modifiable factors and Lp-PLA(2). RESULTS The replacement of 5% of energy from carbohydrates with energy from protein was associated with 2.2 nmol . min(-1) . mL(-1) lower levels of Lp-PLA(2) (95% CI: -3.1, -0.4) activity, and every 15-g/d increase in alcohol consumption was associated with 4.4 nmol . min(-1) . mL(-1) lower levels of Lp-PLA(2) activity (95% CI: -6.4, -2.4). Smoking (beta = 10.2; 95% CI: 4.8, 15.5), being overweight (beta = 7.5; 95% CI: 3.6, 11.3), aspirin use (beta = 6.0; 95% CI: 2.1, 10.0), hypercholesterolemia (beta = 15.0; 95% CI: 11.3, 18.8), and age (beta = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.74) were associated with elevated Lp-PLA(2) activity, whereas postmenopausal hormone use (beta = -15.8; 95% CI: -19.4, -12.1) and cholesterol medication use (beta = -9.6; 95% CI: -18.2, -1.1) were inversely associated. CONCLUSION We found that not smoking, use of postmenopausal hormones, having a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) < or =25, increased alcohol consumption, and increased protein consumption all represent potential modifiable factors that may favorably influence Lp-PLA(2) activity.
Atmospheric Oxidation of Toluene in a Large-Volume Outdoor Photoreactor: In Situ Determination of Ring-Retaining Product Yields

Experiments on the photooxidation of toluene/NOx/air mixtures were performed in the European Photoreactor (EUPHORE), a large-scale outdoor reaction chamber located in Valencia/Spain. The objective of the study was the in situ determination of the yields of ring-retaining products by differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) and the elucidation of their formation pathways. The experiments were performed with toluene concentrations between 0.68 and 3.85 ppm and initial NOx concentrations ranging from 3 to 300 ppb, i.e., down to the range actually observed in the lower atmosphere. The ring-retaining product yields were found to be 5.8 ± 0.8%, 12.0 ± 1.4%, 2.7 ± 0.7%, and 3.2 ± 0.6% for benzaldehyde, o-cresol, m-cresol, and p-cresol, respectively. Under the experimental conditions, no dependency of the yields on the NOx concentration or the toluene/NOx ratio could be found. The formation kinetics of the cresols are in line with a “prompt” formation mechanism, i.e., abstraction of a hydrogen atom fro.