Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The PN.S Elliptical Galaxy Survey: Data Reduction, Planetary Nebula Catalog, and Basic Dynamics for NGC 3379

We present results from Planetary Nebula Spectrograph (PN.S) observations of the elliptical galaxy NGC 3379 and a description of the data reduction pipeline. We detected 214 planetary nebulae, of which 191 are ascribed to NGC 3379 and 23 to the companion galaxy NGC 3384. Comparison with data from the literature shows that the PN.S velocities have an internal error of ≲20 km s-1 and a possible offset of similar magnitude. We present the results of kinematic modeling and show that the PN kinematics is consistent with absorption-line data in the region where they overlap. The resulting combined kinematic data set, running from the center of NGC 3379 out to more than 7 effective radii (Reff), reveals a mean rotation velocity that is small compared to the random velocities and a dispersion profile that declines rapidly with radius. From a series of Jeans dynamical models we find the B-band mass-to-light ratio inside 5Reff to be 8-12 in solar units, and the dark matter fraction inside this radius to be less than 40%. We compare these and other results of dynamical analysis with those of dark matter-dominated merger simulations, finding that significant discrepancies remain, reiterating the question of whether NGC 3379 has the kind of dark matter halo that the current ΛCDM paradigm requires.
SemRegex: A Semantics-Based Approach for Generating Regular Expressions from Natural Language Specifications

Recent research proposes syntax-based approaches to address the problem of generating programs from natural language specifications. These approaches typically train a sequence-to-sequence learning model using a syntax-based objective: maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Such syntax-based approaches do not effectively address the goal of generating semantically correct programs, because these approaches fail to handle Program Aliasing, i.e., semantically equivalent programs may have many syntactically different forms. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a semantics-based approach named SemRegex. SemRegex provides solutions for a subtask of the program-synthesis problem: generating regular expressions from natural language. Different from the existing syntax-based approaches, SemRegex trains the model by maximizing the expected semantic correctness of the generated regular expressions. The semantic correctness is measured using the DFA-equivalence oracle, random test cases, and distinguishing test cases. The experiments on three public datasets demonstrate the superiority of SemRegex over the existing state-of-the-art approaches.
The Improvement of Mathematical Connection Ability and Habits of Studentsr Mind with Missouri Mathematics Project and Discovery Learning

This study aims to analyse the improvement of mathematical connection ability and the habits of students’ mind who are taught by using the Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) model and Discovery Learning (DL) model. This type of research belongs to quasi experiment using quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Quantitative data were obtained from the pretest and posttest of mathematical connection ability in derivative material and questionnaire scale of the habits of mind analysed by SPSS 20 for Windows software. While the qualitative data were obtained from the results of observations and interviews. The sample were 70 students who divided into two experimental classes. Based on the t-test results from the average N-gain score indicates that there is a difference in the increase of mathematical connection ability of students with the improvement of mathematical connection in MMP class that is better than DL class. Meanwhile, based on mann whitney-u test result from mean of posttest of questionnaire indicate that there is no difference of achievement of students’ habits of mind in both experiment class. That is, the achievement of habits of mind in the MMP class and the DL class is relatively the same. Keywords— Mathematical Connection, Habits of Mind, Missouri Mathematics Project, Discovery Learning
A Bow Echo and Severe Weather Associated with a Kona Low in Hawaii

On 2 November 1995 a kona low formed to the northwest of Hawaii. During the following 48 h a series of convective rainbands developed on the southeastern side of the low as it slowly moved eastward. On the afternoon of 3 November 1995 Hawaiian standard time (HST), a bow-echo signature was identified in the reflectivity observations from the recently installed WSR-88D located on the south shore of Kauai, and led to the first severe thunderstorm warning ever issued by the National Weather Service Forecast Office in Honolulu, Hawaii. Subsequent to the warning, winds of 40 m s21 (80 kt) were observed at Nawiliwili Harbor on the southeast side of Kauai. The goals of this paper were to (i) document, within the constraints of the observational data, the synoptic and mesoscale environment associated with the formation of the bow echo and severe weather in Hawaii and contrast them with investigations of similar phenomena in the midlatitudes and Tropics, and (ii) provide a discussion of the implications of the availability of data from the new WSR-88D radars in Hawaii to operational forecasting of severe weather in the central Pacific.
From protection to production: productive impacts of the Malawi Social Cash Transfer scheme

The Malawi Social Cash Transfer (SCT) scheme is part of a wave of social protection programmes providing cash to poor households in order to reduce poverty and hunger and promote child education and health. This paper looks beyond the protective function of such programmes, analysing their productive impacts. Taking advantage of an experimental impact evaluation design, we find the SCT generates agricultural asset investments, reduces adult participation in low skilled labour, and limits child labour outside the home while increasing child involvement in household farm activities. The paper dispels the notion that cash support to ultra poor households in Malawi is charity or welfare, and provides evidence of its economic development impacts. Disclaimer: The views expressed in the Work are those of the Author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Evaluation and Utilization of Soybean Germplasm for Resistance to Cyst Nematode in China

The total area of Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe)-infected soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ) in China increases each year, resulting in substantial yield losses. It becomes more and more important to discovery and incorporate new gene into breeding program for developing resistant cultivars. In this paper, we introduced more than 400 resistant accessions which were resistant to race 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, especially some ones with resistance to multiple races. These resistant accessions were used to construct SCN applied core collection that consisted of 29 accessions but could represent more than 70% of genetic diversity of the whole resistant collection. By using linkage and association mapping methods, 15 QTLs, 22 SSR markers, 5 SNP markers and 1 SNP haplotype were identified associated with resistance to SCN. Moreover, one resistant candidate gene GmHs1pro-1 was cloned and analyzed for sequence variation. In addition, 11 SNP markers were developed from candidate genes rhg1 and Rhg4 respectively, which had been used to analysis genetic diversity and genetic relationship among soybean accessions. However, it is essential to discover novel gene from the resistant accession and explore new breeding methods for accelerating SCN resistant soybean improvement.
Defining Antibiotic Dosing in Lung Infections

Defining optimal antibiotic dosing for treatment of lung infections is challenging because of the interrelationship between patient characteristics (eg, pathophysiological changes of lung during an infection, albumin level, renal function), antibiotic characteristics (eg, physicochemical properties, protein binding), and bacterial pathogen susceptibility. Measurement of antibiotic concentration in the lung compartments, such as epithelial lining fluid (ELF), is important to describe the drug exposure at site of infection. This article reviews published data on antibiotic penetration described by the ELF to plasma (ELF:plasma) ratios and the probability of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) attainment at the target site with current dosing regimens to outline dosing strategies that could optimize the PK/PD indices. Antibiotic physicochemical properties could be used to predict the extent of penetration into the lung tissues. Lipophilic antibiotics penetrate well into the lung compartments; however, standard dosing regimens generally seem to be insufficient to achieve optimal PK/PD indices in the ELF, particularly during severe infections. Aggressive dosing regimens are required for antibiotics that poorly or moderately penetrate the lung tissues, whereas nebulization could be the alternative method to enhance antibiotic concentration at the target site. Special populations such as the critically ill, patients on renal replacement therapy, and those with renal impairment need dosing to be individualized, as these populations have high PK variability. Dosing based on free drug concentrations should be considered preferred, as these concentrations frequently reflect the antibiotic concentration at the target site. Therefore, the use of therapeutic drug monitoring should be considered necessary, whenever possible, to guide dosing in lung infection.
The sexual and reproductive health needs of very young adolescents aged 10-14 in developing countries: What does the evidence show?

This report draws on analyses of national survey data and literature review results to provide an overview of the evidence on key aspects of sexual and reproductive health among very young adolescents aged 10-14 living in developing regions. Early adolescence is a period of rapid physical social emotional and cognitive changes. As such it is a critical time to lay the foundation for positive sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Many developing countries have national policies and curricula that support comprehensive sex education (CSE) in primary schools; however available data tell us little about the extent to which 10-14-year-olds are actually receiving CSE or about the quality of such education. While most very young adolescents report that they have never experienced sexual intercourse some have begun to explore intimate relationships and to engage in noncoital sexual activities such as kissing hugging fondling and oral and anal sex. For many first sexual intercourse happens as a result of coercion or violence. Between 3% and 23% of adolescent females aged 13-17 report experience of sexual violence in the past year; it is 0-13% among adolescent males. The proportion of adolescent females married before age 15 varies by country -- from less than 1% to 24% -- as well as by region residence and wealth. Very young adolescent females had an estimated 777000 births in 2016; 58% of these births took place in Africa 28% in Asia and 14% in Latin America and the Caribbean. Slightly more than one-third of births to mothers younger than 15 in developing countries were unplanned. Delivering CSE continuing to reduce levels of child marriage and sexual violence emphasizing equitable gender norms and providing financial incentives in education are some examples of strategies to support sexual and reproductive health among this age-group.
Variational Assimilation of Global Microwave Rainfall Retrievals: Physical and Dynamical Impact on GEOS Analyses

Abstract Global microwave rainfall retrievals from a five-satellite constellation, including the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager, Special Sensor Microwave Imager from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F13, F14, and F15, and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer from the Earth Observing System Aqua, are assimilated into the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Data Assimilation System using a 1D variational continuous assimilation (VCA) algorithm. The physical and dynamical impact of rainfall assimilation on GEOS analyses is examined at various temporal and spatial scales. This study demonstrates that the 1D VCA algorithm, which was originally developed and evaluated for rainfall assimilations over tropical oceans, can effectively assimilate satellite microwave rainfall retrievals and improve GEOS analyses over both the Tropics and the extratropics where the atmospheric processes are dominated by different large-scale dynamics and moist physics, and also over land.
The Impact of Green Marketing and Perceived Innovation on Purchase Intention for Green Products

With the rise of eco-awareness and innovation in recent years, companies have constantly sought to be the firstto introduce new green-concept products to the market to gain a larger market share. However, it is unclearwhether consumer awareness of green marketing and innovation will increase purchase intention. This issuerequires an in-depth discussion. This study uses energy-saving lamps and environmental cleanser as examples,using a literature review and empirical research to explore the correlations between consumer awareness of greenmarketing, perceived innovation, perceived quality, perceived price, perceived risk, perceived value, andpurchase intention. Further, an overall relationship model is established.An analysis of 320 effective questionnaires about energy-saving lamp and 310 effective questionnaires about anenvironmental cleanser resulted in three main findings: (1) Consumers’ green marketing awareness of bothenergy-saving lamp and an environmental cleanser mainly influences their perceived quality and perceived value,which in turn influence purchase intention. (2) Consumers’ perceived innovation of energy-saving lamp mainlyinfluences their perceived quality, perceived price, and perceived value, while consumers’ perceived innovationof an environmental cleanser mainly influences their perceived quality and perceived value, all of which in turninfluence purchase intention. (3) The results for the two products indicate that the impact of consumers’ greenmarketing awareness on purchase intention is greater than the impact of perceived innovation. Through SEManalysis, this study establishes a valid relationship model for green products and identifies the main influencepaths. In addition, measurement variables and a scale were established, which provide academics and industrywith critical research tools and concepts that should be of academic and practical value.
The impact of oil price on South African GDP growth: A Bayesian Markov Switching-VAR analysis

One characteristic of many macroeconomic and financial time series is their asymmetric behaviour during different phases of a business cycle. Oil price shocks have been amongst those economic variables that have been identified in theoretical and empirical literature to predict the phases of business cycles. However, the role of oil price shocks to determine business cycle fluctuations has received less attention in emerging and developing economies. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of oil price shocks in predicting the phases of the South African business cycle associated with higher and lower growth regimes. By adopting a regime dependent analysis, we investigate the impact of oil price shocks under two phases of the business cycle, namely high and low growth regimes. As a net importer of oil, South Africa is expected to be vulnerable to oil price shocks irrespective of the phase of the business cycle. Using a Bayesian Markov switching vector autoregressive (MS-VAR) model and data for the period 1960Q2 to 2013Q3, we found the oil price to have predictive content for real output growth under the low growth regime. The results also show the low growth state to be shorter-lived compared to the higher growth state. against standard forecasting models. U.S. inflation forecasts improve when controlling for persistence and economic policy uncertainty (EPU). Importantly, the VARFIMA model, comprising of inflation and EPU, outperforms commonly used inflation forecast models.
Frequency and Patterns of Adverse Drug Reactions among ElderlyIn-Patients in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital.

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common and important causes of morbidity and death in the elderly. Though the world elderly population is on a rise, data on the profile of adverse drug reactions (ADR) in Sub-Saharan Africa is still sparse. This study was aimed at determining the frequency of occurrence and patterns of ADR among admitted older Nigerians. Methods: This was a prospective study of patients aged 65 years and above admitted in a Nigerian tertiary health institute. ADR was defined using the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of ADR, while intensive event recording was used to detect ADR. Patients were grouped into those admitted with an adverse drug reaction (ADRad) and those that developed an adverse drug reaction during hospitalization (ADRin). Results: A total of 345 patients were surveyed. There were 23 cases (males: 14[60.9%], females: 9 [39.1%]) of ADRs giving an overall frequency of 6.7% (n=23/345) (95% CI: 4.0-9.3) [ADRin: 2.6% (n=9/345) (95% CI: 0.9-4.3), ADRad: 4.1% (n=14/345) (95% CI: 2.0-6.1)]. The ADRs were severe in 60.9% (n=14/23), moderate in 30.4% (n=7/23) and mild in 8.7% (n=2/23) of the cases. Gastrointestinal bleeding accounted for 39.1% (n=11/23) of ADRs while the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and steroids were implicated in 56.5% (n=13/23) and 17.4% (n=4/23) of the ADR respectively. ADR accounted for 1.7% (n=6/345) of death among the medical elderly in-patients. Conclusions: Adverse drug reactions were common among the elderly inpatients and in most cases severe. NSAID induced gastrointestinal bleeding was the most frequent adverse drug reaction.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Among Solid Waste Collectors in Lideta Sub-city on Prevention of Occupational Health Hazards, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Municipal solid waste workers are exposed to a number of pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites and cysts), toxic substances, chemicals that come from the waste itself and from its decomposition. While standards and norms for handling municipal solid waste in industrialized countries have reduced occupational and environmental impacts significantly, the risk levels are still very high in most developing countries including Ethiopia because of inadequate understanding of the magnitude of the problem. Despite the severity of occupational health hazards encounter by solid waste collectors their provision, knowledge and usage of personnel protective equipment is low and there is no adequate and credible evidence on occupational health risks of solid waste collectors in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of solid waste collectors towards prevention of occupational health hazards in Lideta sub-city in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among four hundred six solid waste collectors for this work. The data was collected by using semi-structured questionnaire and observational checklist, which was completed from December 2014 to February 2015. The data was entered into epi info version 3.5. 1 and exported to SPSS 20 version for analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis had been performed. Adjusted odds ratio with confidence interval had been computed to see the presence of association between the dependent and selected independent variables. The results on this finding were reported using different descriptive statistics. The response rate of this study was 94.8%. Female respondents accounted 69.7%. The mean age of the study subjects was 35 years, which varied from 17 to 65 years. About 60.8% of the study participants had satisfactory knowledge on preventing occupational health risks associated with solid waste handling. Most (75.9%) of the solid waste collectors had favorable attitude while only 37.2% of them had safe practice on preventing occupational health hazards. As compared to workers who were satisfied on their job, odds of having safe occupational health practice were 2.8 higher (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.84 - 4.26). The knowledge and attitudes of workers about prevention of occupational health hazards were moderate but the magnitude of having safe occupational health practice was very low. So, implementation of basic occupational health services with provision of personal protective equipment’s and supervising waste handlers on appropriate utilization is advisable.
Cryptic speciation and host specificity among Mycosphaerella spp. occurring on Australian Acacia species grown as exotics in the tropics

Species of Mycosphaerella and their anamorphs represent serious pathogens of two phyllodenous species of Acacia, A. mangium and A. crassicarpa. In recent years, these fungi have been collected during surveys in South America and South- East Asia, where these trees are widely planted as exotics. In this study, the Mycosphaerella spp. and their anamorphs were identified based on morphological and cultural characteristics. Identifications were confirmed using comparisons of DNA sequences for the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 & ITS2), the 5.8S rRNA gene, elongation factor 1-α, histone 3, actin and calmodulin gene regions. The data revealed six new taxa, of which three are named in this study, along with their anamorphs. Cercospora acaciae-mangii, which is morphologically part of the C. apii sensu lato species complex, is distinguished based on its distinct phylogeny. Mycosphaerella acaciigena, collected in Venezuela, is distinguished from M. konae and M. heimii, and described as new. Mycosphaerella thailandica, a new species occurring on Acacia and Musa, is shown to be a sibling species to M. colombiensis , a foliar pathogen of Eucalyptus. Mycosphaerella citri, an important leaf and fruit pathogen of Citrus (Rutaceae), is shown to also occur on Musa (Musaceae) and Acacia (Leguminosae). Taxonomic novelties: Cercospora acaciae-mangii Crous, Pongpanich & M.J. Wingf. sp. nov., Mycosphaerella acaciigena Crous & M.J. Wingf. sp. nov. (anamorph Pseudocercospora acaciigena Crous & M.J. Wingf. sp. nov.), Mycosphaerella thailandica Crous, Himaman & M.J. Wingf. sp. nov. (anamorph Pseudocercospora thailandica Crous, Himaman & M.J. Wingf. sp. nov.).
Temporal steering in four dimensions with applications to coupled qubits and magnetoreception

Einstein--Podolsky--Rosen (EPR) steering allows Alice to remotely prepare a state in some specific bases for Bob through her choice of measurements. The temporal analog of EPR steering, temporal steering, also reveals the steerability of a single system between different times. Focusing on a four-dimensional system, here we investigate the dynamics of the temporal steering measures, the temporal steering robustness, using five mutually unbiased bases. As an example of an application, we use these measures to examine the temporal correlations in a radical pair model of magnetoreception. We find that, due to interactions with a static nuclear spin, the radical pair model exhibits strong non-Markovianity.
When Likeness Goes with Liking: The Case of Political Preference

Three studies show that people tend to vote for politicians (i.e., either Romano Prodi or Silvio Berlusconi in Italy or George W. Bush or John Kerry in the United States) whose traits they rate as being most similar to their own. People perceived higher similarity between themselves and political figures with respect to traits that were most distinctive of each platform and their respective leaders. These findings, while corroborating the similarity-attraction relationship, further attest to the role that personal characteristics of both voters and candidates play in orienting political preference.