Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study of Melting Coupled Natural ConvectionAround Localized Heat Sources

A study is reported of heat transfer and melting in a fan-less thermal management system consisting of an insulated horizontal cavity filled with a phase change material (PCM) and heated from below by a conducting plate supporting three identical protruding heat sources. Such a PCM enclosure can be used as a heat sink for the cooling of electronic components. The advantage of this cool- ing strategy is that PCMs characterized by high energy storage density and small transition temperature interval, are able to store a high amount of heat (thereby providing efficient passive cooling). A two-dimensional simulation model is devel- oped that accounts for heat transfer by conduction, convection in the molten region and phase change. In particular, numerical investigations are conducted using an enthalpy-porosity method in order to examine the impact of the considered geome- try on the temperature distribution and evolution in the enclosure. A wide range of values of the enclosure aspect ratio is considered.
Robust Forecasting of Dynamic Conditional Correlation GARCH Models

Large one-off events cause large changes in prices, but may not affect the volatility and correlation dynamics as much as smaller events. In such cases, standard volatility models may deliver biased covariance forecasts. We propose a multivariate volatility forecasting model that is accurate in the presence of large one-off events. The model is an extension of the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model. In our empirical application to forecasting the covariance matrix of the daily EUR/USD and Yen/USD return series, we find that our method produces more precise out-of-sample covariance forecasts than the DCC model. Furthermore, when used in portfolio allocation, it leads to portfolios with similar return characteristics but lower turnovers, and hence higher profits.
Heterosis and combining ability of highland quality protein maize inbred lines

Quality protein maize (QPM) cultivars contain higher levels of lysine and tryptophan as compared to non-QPM counterparts, and can minimize the risk of protein malnutrition among communities increasingly dependent on maize as their food staple. This study was undertaken to assess the performances of QPM hybrids, and estimate heterosis and combining ability effects of highland QPM inbred lines for grain yield, agronomic and protein quality traits. Hybrids of 20 inbred lines and two testers, and the parental lines were evaluated across three locations in Ethiopia. Significant variations were observed among the parents and the hybrids for almost all measured traits that allows the selection of preferred inbred lines and hybrids. Several hybrids showed desirable heterosis for most studied traits. Mean squares attributable to general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability effects were significant for most traits. However, the contributions of GCA sum of squares to the variation among the hybrids were larger than SCA sum of squares, suggesting that the traits were conditioned mainly by additive gene effects. Inbred lines L12, L17, L19, and L20 had desirable GCA effects for grain yield, whereas L12 and L13 were the best general combiners for protein quality traits. Hybrids L17 x 142-1eQ and L20 x 142-1-eQ showed most desirable perse performances and SCA effects for grain yield. Based on grain yield SCA effects, most inbred lines used in the study were grouped into distinctive heterotic patterns. This study indicated the possibility of developing high- land QPM germplasm with acceptable grain yield, agronomic and protein quality traits.
High resolution miospore stratigraphy of the Upper Famennian of eastern Belgium, and correlation with the conodont zonation.

The Ourthe valley in eastern Belgium provides the most complete exposures of the upper Famennian Condroz Group. A detailed miospore stratigraphy has been established for this succession. The lower three miospore biozones of the Upper Famennian (GF, VCo and VH Oppel Zones) are re-defined and subdivided into five new interval zones. The GF Oppel Zone which spans the Middle and Upper Famennian boundary was previously subdivided into three interval zones is now reduced to two. The highest Retispora macroreticulata (Mac) Interval Zone is now removed (due to its very sporadic occurrence) which results in the Grandispora microseta (Mic) Interval Zone of the GF Oppel Zone now being the lowest miospore interval zone of the Upper Famennian. The overlying VCo Oppel zone is subdivided into two new interval zones, the Rugospora radiata (Rad) and overlying Grandispora cornuta (Cor) interval Zones. A detailed study based on new and published material of the two nominal zonal taxa of the VCo Zone has clarified their morphology and resolved identification problems with other closely related Upper Devonian taxa. Furthermore, a biometric comparison of Grandispora cornuta with Grandispora tamarae has resulted in the specific diagnosis of G. cornuta being emended to increase its minimal spine length to 8 µm. The biostratigraphic implications for intercontinental correlations with the Upper Famennian of North America are discussed. The overlying VH Oppel Zone is subdivided into two new interval zones, the Apiculiretusispora verrucosa (Ver) Interval Zone and the overlying Vallatisporites hystricosus (Hys) Interval Zone. All of the new miospore interval zones are closely correlated with the well established conodont zones occurring in five sections of the Ourthe Valley. The new integrated data sets provide a high resolution biostratigraphy for the Upper Famennian stratigraphic interval in eastern Belgium.
A radar-based regional extreme rainfall analysis to derive the thresholds for a novel automatic alert system in Switzerland

Abstract. This paper presents a regional extreme rainfall analysis based on 10 years of radar data for the 159 regions adopted for official natural hazard warnings in Switzerland. Moreover, a nowcasting tool aimed at issuing heavy precipitation regional alerts is introduced. The two topics are closely related, since the extreme rainfall analysis provides the thresholds used by the nowcasting system for the alerts. Warm and cold seasons' monthly maxima of several statistical quantities describing regional rainfall are fitted to a generalized extreme value distribution in order to derive the precipitation amounts corresponding to sub-annual return periods for durations of 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. It is shown that regional return levels exhibit a large spatial variability in Switzerland, and that their spatial distribution strongly depends on the duration of the aggregation period: for accumulations of 3 h and shorter, the largest return levels are found over the northerly alpine slopes, whereas for longer durations the southern Alps exhibit the largest values. The inner alpine chain shows the lowest values, in agreement with previous rainfall climatologies. The nowcasting system presented here is aimed to issue heavy rainfall alerts for a large variety of end users, who are interested in different precipitation characteristics and regions, such as, for example, small urban areas, remote alpine catchments or administrative districts. The alerts are issued not only if the rainfall measured in the immediate past or forecast in the near future exceeds some predefined thresholds but also as soon as the sum of past and forecast precipitation is larger than threshold values. This precipitation total, in fact, has primary importance in applications for which antecedent rainfall is as important as predicted one, such as urban floods early warning systems. The rainfall fields, the statistical quantity representing regional rainfall and the frequency of alerts issued in case of continuous threshold exceedance are some of the configurable parameters of the tool. The analysis of the urban flood which occurred in the city of Schaffhausen in May 2013 suggests that this alert tool might have complementary skill with respect to radar-based thunderstorm nowcasting systems for storms which do not show a clear convective signature.
Growing-season and degree-day scenario in Norway for 2021-2050

Temperature is projected to increase in Norway over the next 50 yr. Even though it is supposed to increase most during winter, the expected temperature increase in the summer as well as in spring and autumn will lead to a longer thermal growing season all over the country. The growing degree-day sum within the growing season is projected to increase all over the country. The largest increase is projected to occur along the western coast of Norway, while the smallest change is projected to occur in the high mountainous part of the country. The study is based on empirically downscaled temperature data from ECHAM4/OPYC3 with the GSDIO integration. The results are obtained with a spatially distributed model for which downscaled temperature data are used as input.
New results on the apsidal-motion test to stellar structure and evolution including the effects of dynamic tides

We revised the current status of the apsidal-motion test to stellar structure and evolution. The obser- vational sample was increased by about 50% in comparison to previous studies. Classical and relativistic systems were analyzed simultaneously and only systems with accurate absolute dimensions were considered. New interior models incorporating recent opacity tables, stellar rotation, mass loss, and moderate core overshooting were used as theoretical tools to compare the predicted with the observed shifts of the position of the periastron. The stellar models were computed for the precise observed masses and the adopted chemical compositions are consistent with the corresponding tables of opacities to avoid the inherent problems of interpolation in mass and in (X, Z). The derived chemical composition for each individual system was used to infer the primordial helium content as well as a law of enrichment. The values found are in good agreement with those obtained from various independent sources. For the rst time, the eects of dynamic tides are taken into account systematically to determine the con- tribution of the tidal distortion to the predicted apsidal-motion rate. The deviations between the apsidal-motion rates resulting from the classical formula and those determined by taking into account the eects of dynamic tides are presented as a function of the level of synchronism. For systems close to synchronisation, dynamic tides cause deviations with respect to the classical apsidal-motion formula due to the eects of the compressibility of the stel- lar fluid. For systems with higher rotational angular velocities, additional deviations due to resonances arise when the forcing frequencies of the dynamic tides come into the range of the free oscillation modes of the component stars. The resulting comparison shows a good agreement between the observed and theoretical apsidal-motion rates. No systematic eects in the sense that models are less mass concentrated than real stars and no correlations with the evolutionary status of the systems were detected.
A SHRM Perspective on International Compensation and Reward Systems

We re-examine the efficacy of the SHRM perspective from the vantage point of a specific HRM system, international compensation and rewards, to gain new insights into existing conceptual models. Looking at SHRM from the ground up suggests that, to continue informing our understanding of the HRMorganizational effectiveness (OE) relationship, research will need to adopt richer theory and measures of specific HRM systems and extrapolate important contextual factors that influence relationships between OE and specific HRM systems.
A cross-cultural validation study of the Questionnaire of Educational and Learning Capital (QELC) in China, Germany and Turkey

Unlike traditional person-centered models of giftedness, the Actiotope Model of Giftedness focuses on the person-environment interactions. It postulates that successful learning requires necessary resources, termed educational and learning capital, located both in the environment and the individual. The Questionnaire of Educational and Learning Capital (QELC) is introduced. The results of a validation study with students from China, Turkey and Germany is reported which shows that the QELC has satisfactory psychometric properties as well as construct and concurrent validity.
Dynamic response of marshes to perturbations in suspended sediment concentrations and rates of relative sea level rise

[1] We have developed an analytical model of salt marsh evolution that captures the dynamic response of marshes to perturbations in suspended sediment concentrations, plant productivity, and the rate of relative sea level rise (RSLR). Sediment-rich and highly productive marshes will approach a new equilibrium state in response to a step change in the rate of RSLR faster than sediment-poor or less productive marshes. Microtidal marshes will respond more quickly to a step change in the rate of RSLR than mesotidal or macrotidal marshes. Marshes are more resilient to a decrease rather than to an increase in the rate of RSLR, and they are more resilient to a decrease rather than to an increase in sediment availability. Moreover, macrotidal marshes are more resilient to changes in the rate of RSLR than their microtidal counterparts. Finally, we find that a marsh's ability to record sea level fluctuations in its stratigraphy is fundamentally related to a timescale we call TFT, or filling timescale, which is equal to the tidal amplitude divided by the maximum possible accretion rate on the marsh (a function of plant productivity, sediment properties, and availability). Marshes with a short-filling timescale (i.e., marshes with rapid sedimentation or small tidal amplitudes) are best suited to recording high-frequency fluctuations in RSLR, but our model suggests it is unlikely that marshes will be able to record fluctuations occurring over timescales that are shorter than decadal.
The Role of Intellectual Capital in Overcoming the Slowing Economic Growth in Indonesia

Intellectual capital is one of the important factors that play a major role in various economic activities. However, its position in overcoming economic problems in Indonesia is still not too much considered. Based on this, this study aims to describe the role of intellectual capital, especially the Human Capital dimension, in overcoming the economic slowdown in Indonesia. The type of this research is qualitative. Research data in the form of secondary data is collected through documentation studies of data related to human capital and Indonesia’s economic growth, as well as the results of previous studies that have relevance to the topic of this study. The data is then analyzed using qualitative methods. The results of this study are: 1) Intellectual capital has a fundamental role in overcoming the economic slowdown in Indonesia. One dimension of intellectual capital, namely human capital, can have a diverse role, both as a factor of production and as an economic policy maker, so that its existence and quality determine the success of the strategy formulation and its implementation to overcome the economic slowdown in Indonesia; and 2) The role of intellectual capital, especially human capital, can be realized if Indonesia changes its development paradigm to become more oriented towards the development of human resources quality.
An Econometric Analysis of Telecom Competition, Privatization, and Regulation in Africa and Latin America

This paper explores the effects of privatization, competition, and regulation on telecommunications performance in 30 African and Latin American countries from 1984 through 1997. Fixed-effects regressions reveal that competition--measured by mobile operators not owned by the incumbent--is correlated with increases in the per capita number of mainlines, payphones, and connection capacity, and with decreases in the price of local calls. Privatization combined with an independent regulator is positively correlated with telecom performance measures. Privatization alone, however, is associated with few benefits, and is negatively correlated with connection capacity. Copyright 2001 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Stable isotopic analysis of fossil chironomids as an approach to environmental reconstruction: state of development and future challenges

Remains of chironomid larvae, especially their strongly sclerotized head capsules, can be found abundantly and well preserved in most lake sediment records. These remains mainly consist of chitin and proteins and, since their chemical composition does not seem to be strongly affected by decompositional processes, they can be used to develop palaeoenvironmental reconstructions based on their stable isotopic composition. Here we review available stable isotope studies based on fossil chironomids and indicate future research necessary to further develop this still relatively new research approach. Efforts to produce stable isotope records based on fossil chironomids have mainly examined the elements H, N, C, and O. They have focussed on (1) developing the methodology for preparing samples for isotopic analysis, (2) laboratory studies cultivating chironomid larvae under controlled conditions to determine the factors affecting their stable isotopic composition, (3) ecosystem-scale studies relating stable isotopic measurements of fossil chironomid assemblages to environmental conditions, and (4) developing first down-core records describing past changes in the stable isotopic composition of chironomid assemblages. These studies have shown that chemical sample pretreatment may affect the isotopic composition for some elements. Laboratory runs suggest that the diet of the larvae influences their stable isotopic composition for H, N, C and O, whereas stable isotopes in the ambient water also strongly influence their oxygen and to a lesser extent hydrogen isotopic composition. These experiments also indicate only minor offsets between the nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of chironomid soft tissue and the fossilizing head capsules, whereas for hydrogen and oxygen this offset remains to be explored. Though few datasets have been published, the available ecosystem studies and developed down-core sediment records indicate that stable isotopes in chironomid remains have the potential to provide reconstructions of past climatic change (H, O) and insights into past food web structure, methane production and pollution of lake ecosystems (N, C). Future efforts will be necessary to develop these approaches including more detailed analyses of the effects of sample pretreatment on stable isotope measurements on chitinous fossils, more extensive laboratory studies constraining the effects of external factors (e.g., isotopic composition of food and ambient water, temperature) on stable isotopes in chironomid larvae, and surveys exploring seasonal changes in the isotopic composition of chironomid larvae and assessing how this seasonality influences fossil assemblages. Finally, multi-site field studies relating chironomid δD, δ 15 N, δ 13
Serving up the self : role identity and burnout in client service environments

Orientation: Whilst the limited investigations into the relationship between identity and burnout have made an important contribution to our understanding of the development of burnout, further research is required to gain a deeper understanding of how the processes associated with the construction and enactment of a specific identity could contribute to burnout amongst client service employees. Research purpose: The purpose of this research was to explore whether levels of burnout amongst client service employees are associated with the manner in which they define and enact the client service role identity. Motivation for the study: The negative effects of burnout amongst client service employees can be particularly devastating for client service organisations. A deeper understanding of the causes of burnout amongst client service employees is therefore essential if we wish to reduce the significant costs associated with burnout in this environment. Research approach, design and method: The research strategy comprised a qualitative design consisting of semi-structured interviews. Main findings: The results of the study indicate that the role identities of higher burnout client service employees differ from the role identities of lower burnout client service employees. Lower burnout employees view the client relationship as a partnership and experience a high level of self-verification when dealing with their clients. Higher burnout employees, on the other hand, describe themselves as subordinate to the client and exhibit strong feelings of defeat and failure when interacting with their clients. Practical implications/managerial implications: The study shows that if client service organisations wish to reduce the detrimental effects of burnout in the workplace, they need to pay careful attention to the way in which their client service employees perceive themselves in relation to the client. Since client service employees construct role identities in response to the dominant discourse of the organisation, client service organisations should exercise caution in how they define and refer to the client-employee interaction through this discourse. Contribution/value-add: The article makes a number of practical recommendations, which, if implemented by client service organisations, should result in lower levels of burnout, increased productivity and improved client relations. One such recommendation requires client service organisations to reframe their client discourses in such a way that client service employees are referred to as knowledge experts that are valued by their organisations.
Unveiling Gargantua: A new search strategy for the most massive central cluster black holes

We aim to unveil the most massive central cluster black holes in the universe. We present a new search strategy which is based on a black hole mass gain sensitive 'calorimeter' and which links the innermost stellar density profile of a galaxy to the adiabatic growth of its central SMBH. In a first step we convert observationally inferred feedback powers into SMBH growth rates by using reasonable energy conversion efficiency parameters, $\epsilon$. In the main part of this paper we use these black hole growth rates, sorted in logarithmically increasing steps encompassing our whole parameter space, to conduct $N$-Body computations of brightest cluster galaxies with the newly developed MUESLI software. For the initial setup of galaxies we use core-Sersic models in order to account for SMBH scouring. We find that adiabatically driven core re-growth is significant at the highest accretion rates. As a result, the most massive black holes should be located in BCGs with less pronounced cores when compared to the predictions of empirical scaling relations which are usually calibrated in less extreme environments. For efficiency parameters $\epsilon<0.1$, BCGs in the most massive, relaxed and X-ray luminous galaxy clusters might even develop steeply rising density cusps. Finally, we discuss several promising candidates for follow up investigations, among them the nuclear black hole in the Phoenix cluster. Based on our results, it might have a mass of the order of $10^{11} M_\odot$.