Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biology and consumption of Spodoptera eridania (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in different hosts

Spodoptera eridania (Cramer) is a pest under expansion in cotton and soybean fields in the cerrado, and biology studies are needed on different hosts. In order to gain knowledge about the biology and leaf intake of S. eridania on cotton, soybean and morning glory (Ipomoea grandifolia), newly-hatched caterpillars were individualized and reared in the laboratory (27 ± 2oC, R.H. 60 ± 10%, photophase of 14h). Parameters related to biology, leaf intake and reproduction were observed. The larval development period of caterpillars was shorter when fed on cotton and morning glory leaves than on soybean leaves, even though, the survival on soybean had been satisfactory (80%). Caterpillars fed on cotton and morning glory leaves had similar mean pupal weights, however 1.3 and 1.4 times higher than those obtained for male and female pupae, respectively, on soybean leaves. The soybean also influenced prepupal (37.5%) and pupal survival (68.3%) negatively, in contrast with the values obtained on the two other hosts, which were above 91.8%. In general, the soybean leaves were the least suitable for the development of S. eridania, causing 6.3% of pupal deformities. Variables like the pre-oviposition and oviposition periods, number of egg clutches/female and total number of eggs/female were not affected by the diets. Even though cotton leaves were less consumed, they provided good development to the insect. The morning glory weed was shown a suitable alternate host for the species, allowing its development and reproduction in the absence of cultivated hosts.
CHAPTER 1 RECENT ADVANCES IN CARBOCYCLIC NUCLEOSIDES : SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

As fundamental building blocks of nucleic acids, nucleosides are essential to the process of replication and transcription of genetic information in living organisms [1]. Therefore, a nucleoside analog is able to interfere with the replication of pathogenic agents or with the proliferation of cancer cells by competing with their natural counterparts, and this conception has attracted considerable attention in the field of chemotherapy. Indeed, the past decades have witnessed the emergence of numerous therapeutically important nucleosides. In antiviral chemotherapy, eight nucleosides/nucleotides are currently licensed for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and five nucleosides/nucleotides have been approved for anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapy. A number of other nucleoside analogs are widely used against herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) [2]. In cancer chemotherapy, several nucleoside analogs have also demonstrated their clinical application [3]. Carbocyclic nucleosides are analogs of natural nucleosides in which a methylene group replaces the oxygen atom in the carbohydrate ring. This modification results in the loss of the labile glycosidic bond and thus increases their metabolic stability toward phosphorylase and/or hydrolase [4]. Although carbocyclic nucleosides were first conceived and synthesized by medicinal chemists
CHAPTER 16 Leadership Communication

I n the first Handbook of Organizational Communication, the chapter on leadership was written by two leadership psychologists (Dansereau & Markham, 1987). Some 14 years later, a communication scholar authored the next Handbook chapter, although it was largely derivative of leadership psychology; the communication implications of individualist and cognitive leadership theories were the primary focus (Fairhurst, 2001). Both of these chapters reflected the times: Organizational communication was still coming into its own as a discipline (Mumby, 2007), and psychology had long dominated leadership study (Bass, 1981; House & Aditya, 1997). It made sense then to equate leadership with leaders whose strong inner motors explained how they transformed the world (for better or worse), while communication played a contributory, albeit subsidiary, role. However, since the last Handbook review, communication has played an increasingly central role in leadership studies due in no small measure to the emergence of a social and cultural lens—focusing on how culture and social interaction impact leadership—appearing alongside (the strong inner motor of) an individual and cognitive lens (Fairhurst, 2007a). As a result, organizational communication scholars are conceiving of leadership communication more complexly, for example, as an act of transmission and negotiated meaning. This, in turn, is moving communication scholars toward a more dialectical view of leadership: to see it as an individually informed yet relational phenomenon between people and even objects, to see leadership as a medium by which collectives mobilize to act but also as a highly desired (attributional) outcome of this interaction, and finally, to see leadership as definitionally unstable—across time, between people, and even among scholars—and yet oddly enduring. Turn to any recorded history to find that leadership is a concept for the ages. Unsurprisingly, with this new research complexity, the focus isn’t just on leaders, but all actors (formal or informal leaders, followers, or other stakeholders) who can be transformative agents—and, as we will see, receptors of meaning and disciplined products of a leadership culture. We begin the chapter with post-positivist approaches to leadership study, which are more individual and cognitive in focus while adopting a transmissional view of human communication. We then move on to an emerging narrative of more socially constructed views of leadership, which are more social and cultural in focus while emphasizing a meaning-centered view of
A GOAL PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR OPTIMIZING TEAM

The most important factor affecting the team effectiveness is the team cohesion. Generally, two types of team cohesion are reported in the team working literature: task cohesion and social cohesion. The fundamental factor which affects both types of cohesion is personality of the team members. The objective of this study is to present a goal programming model for selecting the team members in order to maintain a team composition which will enable the improvement of team cohesion and consequently team effectiveness.
Measuring anatomical landmark structures to determine the width of maxillary anterior teeth

To determine whether several combinations of landmark structures could be used to determine the width of maxillary anterior teeth. Cross sectional, with 52 subjects (11 male and 41 female) aged 18-35 years. All subjects underwent impression-making of the maxilla using stock tray and irreversible hydrocolloid. Three 3D anatomical landmark structure measurements were taken using a modified digital caliper: right hamular notch to left hamular notch, right hamular notch to papilla insisiva, and left hamular notch to papilla insisiva The widths of maxillary anterior teeth were then measured. The data were analyzed using statistical software. Among patients, there were differences between the distance from right hamular notch to papilla insisiva, as well as from left hamular notch to papilla incisiva, and the width of maxillary anterior teeth. However, the distance between right and left hamular notches or between those notches and papilla insisiva was only able to predict the width of maxillary anterior teeth 25.7% of the time. Anatomical landmark measurements cannot function as a single guide to determine the necessary width of maxillary anterior teeth for denture elements. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2018; 11(1): pp. 169-174)
Management, Faculty, and Accreditation Outcomes: A Survey of Physical Therapy Faculty and Program Directors

Background and Purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify which faculty variables—a more participative management style. faculty participation in accreditation, faculty support of the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) accreditation process, and faculty commitment to implementing the plans delineated in the accreditation documentation—were associated with accreditation outcome. The theoretical framework was grounded in 3 bodies of literature: management theory (Rensis Likert's systems approach to management), higher education culture, and accreditation. Subjects. The population for this study was all program directors (56% response rate of 181 questionnaires mailed) and faculty (50.4% response rate of 1,708 questionnaires mailed) of CAPTE‐accredi ted physical therapy programs in the United States. Methods. Two questionnaires were developed and disseminated to program directors and faculty. The program director questionnaire collected the accreditation outcome data and background information. The faculty questionnaire collected data on management style, participation, perceptions of accreditation. and background information. Results. Multiple regression yielded significant positive associations between accreditation outcome and participative management as well as faculty support of the accreditation process. Negatively associated were accreditation outcome and faculty commitment to implementation. Bivariate correlations demonstrated the following positive associations: (1) faculty participation and faculty years of experience; (2) faculty support of the accreditation process and (a) number of self‐studies completed and (b) sex (females); (3) manager years of experience and (a) accreditation outcome, (b) number of self‐studies completed, and (c) faculty years of experience: (4) number of self‐studies completed and faculty experience; and (5) faculty years of experience and program longevity. Discussion and Conclusion. The findings of this study indicate that the manager is the most important entity in achieving a successful accreditation outcome. Managers who are perceived as participative, have more years of experience, have written more self‐studies, and whose faculty support the accreditation process are likely to have more positive accreditation outcomes.
Socioeconomic inequalities in young children’s weight status in the UK

The high prevalence rates of child overweight and obesity within the UK is a serious problem, and one that has received a lot of attention from policy makers, researchers and the media. There is some evidence for socioeconomic inequalities in child overweight and obesity, with children in less advantaged socioeconomic groups at an increased risk of being overweight or obese. The nature of these inequalities is not well understood. Within this thesis I consider different aspects of socioeconomic status and their relationship with child overweight and obesity. There are three distinct strands of the investigation. Firstly, I consider whether socioeconomic inequalities in child overweight and obesity have changed over time. This is followed by two separate analyses of the relationship between obesity and overweight with parental income and education. I find evidence that socioeconomic inequalities in child overweight and obesity have widened over time, but only because of the relatively low increases in child overweight and obesity amongst children from the most advantaged families. I investigate whether there is an association between income and child overweight, and find that other parental characteristics, namely parental education, can explain correlations between familial income and child overweight and obesity. I find that father’s education has a stronger association with child overweight and obesity than does mother’s education, and that this is not solely because father’s education is a better predictor of the family’s financial and economic resources.
Variational Image Inpainting

We present several variational methods for image generation and image completion. We explore attribute-free and attribute-based settings and demonstrate the effectiveness of variational models in one-shot generation. We also present models that are robust to partial observation in the input image and are better suited for the image completion task. We benchmark the performance of these models on the CelebA dataset and demonstrate state of the art results in the attribute-guided image completion task.
The Importance of Relationship Dynamics in HIV Transmission : Results from a Qualitative Case-Control Study in Rakai , Uganda

Continuing HIV transmission among youth worldwide demands greater awareness of the contextual variables involved in seroconversion. But innovations are needed in combining the richness of qualitative methods with the explanatory power of epidemiologic approaches. We present results from life history interviews with 60 young adults from Southern Uganda. A novel “ethnographic case-control” design matched newly infected HIV-positive cases with HIVnegative controls by gender, marital status, and community. Relationship dynamics, quality, and quantity emerged as the most salient themes explaining differences in serostatus. Compared to HIV-negative participants, respondents who had recently seroconverted described relationships marked by poorer communication, greater suspicion and mistrust, and larger, more transitory sexual networks. Results highlight the importance of dyadic approaches to HIV, and possibly couples-based interventions, though relationship issues can reflect underlying structural factors such as gendered power dynamics and resource scarcity. Using HIV-matched pairs shed additional understandings of the factors influencing transmission, and this hybrid methodological approach holds promise for future studies of sexual health.
Performance-related variables for succeeding in the UEFA Champions League What performance-related variables best differentiate between eliminated and qualified teams for the knockout phase of UEFA Champions League ?

Headline The UEFA Champions League is the most prestigious football club competition worldwide (1). Reaching the knockout phase is paramount for participant clubs to warrant more revenues and international reputation. Although performance profiles vary among teams (2, 3), match events as total attempts, shots on target and passing accuracy have been previously associated with success in this tournament (1, 3, 4). However, since other performance-related variables (e.g., ball possession or yellow cards) displayed contradictory results (3, 4), further research is required to clarify the contemporary trends of successful teams’ performance in elite football (5, 6).
Inactivation of specific b cell transcription factors in type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) commonly arises from islet b cell failure and insulin resistance. Here, we examined the sensitivity of key islet-enriched transcription factors to oxidative stress, a condition associated with b cell dysfunction in both type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and T2DM. Hydrogen peroxide treatment of b cell lines induced cytoplasmic translocation of MAFA and NKX6.1. In parallel, the ability of nuclear PDX1 to bind endogenous target gene promoters was also dramatically reduced, whereas the activity of other key b cell transcriptional regulators was unaffected. MAFA levels were reduced, followed by a reduction in NKX6.1 upon development of hyperglycemia in db/db mice, a T2DM model. Transgenic expression of the glutathione peroxidase-1 antioxidant enzyme (GPX1) in db/db islet b cells restored nuclear MAFA, nuclear NKX6.1, and b cell function in vivo. Notably, the selective decrease in MAFA, NKX6.1, and PDX1 expression was found in human T2DM islets. MAFB, a MAFA-related transcription factor expressed in human b cells, was also severely compromised. We propose that MAFA, MAFB, NKX6.1, and PDX1 activity provides a gauge of islet b cell function, with loss of MAFA (and/or MAFB) representing an early indicator of b cell inactivity and the subsequent deficit of more impactful NKX6.1 (and/or PDX1) resulting in overt dysfunction associated with T2DM. Research Article Metabolism
Saving the Moral Capital of NGOs : Distinguishing One-Sided from Many-Sided Social Dilemmas in NGO Accountability

The literature on nonprofit management has embraced the concept of “accountability” to target urgent challenges related to NGO probity and integrity, and there have been attempts in the literature to use rational-choice-based governance approaches to solve them. Though existing principal-agent frameworks provide important insights, they are limited to the analysis of financial relationships between NGOs and donors. We contribute to the literature in developing a comprehensive rational-choice-based governance approach to analyze all stakeholder relationships of NGOs. Applying the research program of ordonomics, we unpack two fundamental interaction problems: (a) the “stakeholder dilemma” between the NGO and a single accountability holder as a one-sided social dilemma and (b) the “competition dilemma” among rival NGOs as many-sided social dilemma. We show that improving NGO accountability in relation to ‘intended’ beneficiaries, peer organizations and the general public also requires identifying the underlying governance problem as a competition dilemma focusing on collective self-regulation as a solution.
ect of movement-focused and breath-focused yoga practice on stress parameters and sustained attention : A randomized controlled pilot study

Yoga-based practices (YBP) typically involve a combination of movement sequences, conscious regulation of the breath, and techniques to engage attention. However, little is known about whether effects of YBP result from the synergistic combination of these components, or whether a subset may yield similar effects. In this study we compared the effect of a movement-focused practice and a breath-focused practice on stress parameters (perceived stress and salivary cortisol) and sustained attention (response inhibition) in yoga naïve university students. While participants of both programs showed a reduction in perceived stress and salivary cortisol, only the breath-focused group showed improvements in sustained attention. In addition, improvement in sustained attention was correlated with reduction in perceived stress but not with reduction in salivary cortisol. We discuss these findings in the context of a theoretical framework outlining bottom-up neurophysiological and top-down neurocognitive mechanisms hypothesized to be
Title Convergence of the Graph Allen – Cahn Scheme Permalink

The graph Laplacian and the graph cut problem are closely related to Markov random fields, and have many applications in clustering and image segmentation. The diffuse interface model is widely used for modeling in material science, and can also be used as a proxy to total variation (TV) minimization. In [A.L. Bertozzi and A. Flenner, Multiscale Modeling & Simulation, 10(3):109
A Role for TGF (cid:98) 1 in Langerhans Cell Biology Further Characterization of the Epidermal Langerhans Cell Defect in TGF (cid:98) 1 Null Mice

Previous studies of TGF (cid:98) 1 null ( (cid:50) / (cid:50) ) mice indicated that the epidermis was devoid of Langerhans cells (LC) and that the LC deficiency was not secondary to the inflammation that is the dominant feature of the (cid:50) / (cid:50) phenotype (Bor-kowski, T.A., J.J. Letterio, A.G. Farr, and M.C. Udey. 1996. J. Exp. Med. 184:2417–2422). Herein, we demonstrate that dendritic cells could be expanded from the bone marrow of (cid:50) / (cid:50) mice and littermate controls. Bone marrow from (cid:50) / (cid:50) mice also gave rise to LC after transfer into lethally irradiated recipients. Thus, the LC defect in TGF (cid:98) 1 null mice does not result from an absolute deficiency in bone marrow precursors, and paracrine TGF (cid:98) 1 production is sufficient for LC development. Several approaches were used to assess the suitability of (cid:50) / (cid:50) skin for LC localization. A survey re-vealed that although a number of cytokine mRNAs were expressed de novo, mRNAs encoding proinflammatory cytokines known to mobilize LC from epidermis (IL-1 and TNF (cid:97) ) were not strikingly overrepresented in (cid:50) / (cid:50) skin. In addition, bone marrow-derived LC populated full-thickness TGF (cid:98) 1 null skin after engraftment onto BALB/c nu/nu recipients. Finally, the skin of transgenic mice expressing a truncated loricrin promoter-driven dominant-negative TGF (cid:98) type II receptor contained normal numbers of LC. Because TGF (cid:98) 1 signaling in these mice is disrupted only in keratinocytes and the keratinocyte hyperproliferative component of the TGF (cid:98) 1 (cid:50) / (cid:50) phenotype is reproduced, these results strongly suggest that the LC defect in TGF (cid:98) 1 null mice is not due to an epidermal abnormality but reflects a requirement of murine LC (or their precursors) for TGF (cid:98) 1. ( J. Clin. Invest. 1997. 100:575–581.)
The effects of glycerol ingestion on body water distribution and exercise performance

Water movement in the body is determined by the osmotic forces acting on the cell membrane. Ingestion of a highly-hypertonic glycerol solution resulting in high extracellular osmolality could drive water out of the intracellular space into the vascular space resulting in reduced muscle hydration and increased blood volume. The aim of this thesis was to study the effects of altered body water distribution during exercise. In chapter 3, ingestion of a 400 ml glycerol solution (1 g·kg-1 body mass) increased serum osmolality (309 mosmol·kg-1) which was associated with a 4.0% increase in blood volume due to a 7.2% increase in plasma volume, attributed to a shift of water from the intracellular space, resulting presumably in tissue dehydration. Glycerol ingestion was then used as a means of altering body water distribution in the other studies described in this thesis. Altered body water distribution had no acute effect on force production during quadriceps muscle isometric exercise (chapter 4), or handgrip strength (chapter 5). Regarding chronic effects (chapter 5), two groups of participants exercised handgrip and initiated recovery after ingestion of either a glycerol solution or placebo over a period of 8 weeks. Maximum handgrip strength increased in both groups and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. In chapters 6 and 7, the subjects performed a cycling exercise protocol to fatigue. In the glycerol trial, time to fatigue decreased compared with the iso-osmotic trial during an incremental VO2max test (chapter 6) and during cycling against a constant load at 100% VO2max intensity (chapter 7). In the glycerol trial, there was an accelerated increase in blood lactate and an accelerated increase in serum potassium (chapter 7), indicating altered muscle metabolism which may have contributed to the early development of fatigue.
An indonesian version of Child Oral Impact on Daily Performances (C-OIDP): Assessing validity and reliability

The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of an Indonesian version of the Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (C-OIDP) among 12–15-year-old junior high school children in Jakarta. The Indonesian C-OIDP was developed according to the guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation process. It was tested for reliability and validity on a random sample of 502 12–15-yearold school children in Jakarta. The psychometric analysis of the Indonesian C-OIDP involved convergent and discriminant validity tests as well as test-retest and internal reliability. The mean age of the participants was 13.3±0.9, with 54% were females. Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.72. In terms of test-retest reliability, the intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.61. Twothirds (64.9%) of the sample had at least one oral impact affecting one or more performances in the past three months. The mean of the C-OIDP score was 3.49±5.61. The convergent validity was confirmed by the C-OIDP scores as being significantly associated with oral health conditions. This study indicated that the Indonesian C-OIDP index is valid and reliable for use as an oral health-related quality of life index among 12–15-year-old children in Indonesia. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2018; 11(3): 1049-1052)