Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GAMBARAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI MAKRO dan MIKRO, SISA MAKANAN, STATUS GIZI DAN TINGKAT KEPUASAN MUTU HIDANGAN SANTRI PADA SISTEM PENYELENGGARAAN MAKANAN (studi DISEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS ISLAM TERPADU AL-FITYAN KABUPATEN KUBURAYA)

Status gizi yang buruk yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya asupan zat gizi dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak pada remaja. Hasil observasi di SMA-IT Al-Fityan Kabupaten Kubu Raya pada santri kelas X dan XI menunjukan bahwa 80% santri memiliki asupan zat gizi yang masih kurang dan belum sesuai dengan angka kecukupan gizi harian yang dianjurkan dalam tabel AKG tahun 2013, diketahui 60% santri mengalami status gizi kurang, dan 50% santri menyatakan makanan yang disajikan kurang enak, 70% menyatakan makanan yang disajikan kurang menarik, 80% menyatakan kurang puas terhadap porsi makanan, dan 80% menyatakan makanan yang disajikan kurang bervariasi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran asupan zat gizi (makro & mikro), sisa makanan, status gizi, dan tingkat kepuasan mutu hidangan pada sistem penyelenggaraan makanan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional deskriptif. Teknik pemilihan sampel dengan total sampling dengan jumlah sampel 100 orang. Hasil penelitian asupan zat gizi makro dan mikro, diketahui bahwa 59% santri dengan asupan energi kurang, 48% santri dengan asupan protein cukup, 46% santri dengan asupan lemak lebih, 77% santri dengan asupan karbohidrat kurang, seluruh santri dengan asupan zink kurang, seluruh santri dengan asupan kalsium kurang, dan 93% santri dengan asupan vitamin A kurang. Didapatkan 61% santri tidak menghabiskan makanannya,dan diketahui 89% santri memiliki status gizi kurang. Diketahui 92% santri merasa kurang puas terhadap cita rasa makanan yang disajikan, seluruh santri kurang puas terhadap penampilan makanan yang disajikan, dan 63% santri puas terhadap variasi menu yang disajikan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diharapkan pihak sekolah bisa meningkatkan cita rasa dan penampilan makanan agar lebih memenuhi selera santri-santri, karena rasa dan penampilan yang baik akan merangsang nafsu makan santri sehingga santri bisa menghabiskan makanan nya dan merasa puas dengan makanan yang tersedia dan asupan zat gizi santri bisa terpenuhi dengan baik. Disarankan juga agar memberi makanan tambahan seperti buah pisang, jeruk, semangka dan minuman bergizi seperti susu untuk memperbaiki asupan energi, karbohidrat, zink, kalsium, dan vitami A yang masih kurang. Asupan zat gizi remaja perlu diperhatikan karena remaja dalam proses pertumbuhan sehingga memerlukan zat gizi khusus untuk mendukung pertumbuhannya.
Sex Differences in Identifying the Facial Affect of Normal and Mirror-Reversed Faces

The influences of sex and lateralized visual hemispace bias in the judgment of the emotional valence of faces during a free-viewing condition are evaluated. 73 subjects (aged 18 to 52 yr.) viewed videotaped facial expressions of emotion in normal and mirror-reversed orientation and classified each face as a positive, negative, or neutral expression. There was a significant interaction between the sex of the rater and the orientation of the face that influenced the proportion of correct classifications. Male and female perceivers did not differ in the accuracy of their affect judgments for faces viewed in normal orientation, whereas reversal of the orientation of the faces resulted in a significant enhancement of accuracy judgments for the males but not the females. The results suggest greater cerebral lateralization of perceptual processes in males.
A Two-Tier Matrix Game Approach for Obtaining Joint Bidding Strategies in FTR and Energy Markets

Transmission congestion results in revenue collected from the loads that often exceeds the payment made to the generators. The financial transmission right (FTR) is an instrument that allows the independent system operator (ISO) to redistribute the excess revenue (congestion charge) among the market participants. Generators and loads hold FTRs to hedge against congestion charges. Since the revenues from the FTR and energy markets are interdependent, each generator and load must have a joint bidding strategy for FTR and energy markets to maximize its total payoff. This paper presents a two-tier matrix game model that allows the generators and loads to obtain joint bidding strategies. The model also allows the ISOs and the market designers to assess the impact of various network configurations and rules on market performance (e.g., market power). The two-tier model considers multiple participants, multidimensional bid vectors, network contingencies, and varying demand. We conducted a numerical validation of our model by analyzing the three-node network studied by Joskow and Tirole (2000). Additional numerical studies were conducted on a five-node network to examine the impact of holding FTRs on the bidding strategies in the energy market and joint payoffs of the participants.
Mendelian randomization incorporating uncertainty about pleiotropy

Mendelian randomization (MR) requires strong assumptions about the genetic instruments, of which the most difficult to justify relate to pleiotropy. In a two‐sample MR, different methods of analysis are available if we are able to assume, M1: no pleiotropy (fixed effects meta‐analysis), M2: that there may be pleiotropy but that the average pleiotropic effect is zero (random effects meta‐analysis), and M3: that the average pleiotropic effect is nonzero (MR‐Egger). In the latter 2 cases, we also require that the size of the pleiotropy is independent of the size of the effect on the exposure. Selecting one of these models without good reason would run the risk of misrepresenting the evidence for causality. The most conservative strategy would be to use M3 in all analyses as this makes the weakest assumptions, but such an analysis gives much less precise estimates and so should be avoided whenever stronger assumptions are credible. We consider the situation of a two‐sample design when we are unsure which of these 3 pleiotropy models is appropriate. The analysis is placed within a Bayesian framework and Bayesian model averaging is used. We demonstrate that even large samples of the scale used in genome‐wide meta‐analysis may be insufficient to distinguish the pleiotropy models based on the data alone. Our simulations show that Bayesian model averaging provides a reasonable trade‐off between bias and precision. Bayesian model averaging is recommended whenever there is uncertainty about the nature of the pleiotropy.
Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Progression Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 Inactivation Unveils a Link between Tumor Cell Metabolism and Hypoxia-Induced Cell Death

Hypoxia and the acquisition of a glycolytic phenotype are intrinsic features of the tumor microenvironment. The hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1 ) pathway is activated under hypoxic conditions and orchestrates a complex transcriptional program that enhances cell survival. Although the consequences of HIF-1 inactivation in cancer cells have been widely investigated, only a few studies have addressed the role of HIF-1 in the survival of cancer cells endowed with different glycolytic capacities. In this study, we investigated this aspect in ovarian cancer cells. Hypoxia-induced toxicity was increased in highly glycolytic cells compared with poorly glycolytic cells; it was also associated with a sharp decrease in intracellular ATP levels and was prevented by glucose supplementation. Stable HIF-1 silencing enhanced hypoxia-induced cell death in vitro due to a lack of cell cycle arrest. Tumors bearing attenuated HIF-1 levels had similar growth rates and vascularization as did controls, but tumors showed higher proliferation levels and increased necrosis. Moreover, tumors formed by HIF-1 deficient cells had higher levels of lactate and lower ATP concentrations than controls as shown by metabolic imaging. The findings that such metabolic properties can affect the survival of cancer cells under hypoxic conditions and that these properties contribute to the determination of the consequences of HIF-1 inactivation could have important implications on the understanding of the effects of anti-angiogenic and HIF-1 -targeting drugs in cancer. (Am J Pathol 2008, 173:1186–1201; DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.071183)
The value of washers in cannulated screw fixation of femoral neck fractures.

BACKGROUND Given the limited evidence to support the technical aspects of screw placement for treatment of femoral neck fractures, we conducted an observational study to evaluate demographic and radiographic variables associated with fixation failure. METHODS Eligible patients with femoral neck fractures were treated with multiple cannulated screws across three academic centers during a 6-year period. The following variables were evaluated for their predictive value for fixation failure: age, gender, fracture type, presence of comminution, total number of screws, the absence of a washer, the screw configuration, reduction quality, the distance of the most inferior screw to the inferior neck, and screw alignment. Variables were evaluated separately and in a multivariable regression model. RESULTS Eighty patients were included in the study. The overall failure rate was 30%. We identified four variables associated with fixation failure. These included the lack of washers (odds ratio [OR], 11.2; p = 0.03), imperfect quality of reduction (OR, 9.7; p < 0.01), age greater than 75 years (OR, 5.1; p = 0.04), and displaced versus undisplaced fracture type (OR, 3.8; p < 0.01). These four variables accounted for 43% of the variability in fixation failure (R(2) = 0.43). All other variables including the distance of the most inferior screw to the inferior/medial neck were found to be not significant. CONCLUSION This study confirms previous findings in the literature that increased age, a displaced fracture type, and poor reduction increase the risk of fixation failure. Contradictory to current belief, there was no significant association between the distance of the inferior screw to the inferior/medial femoral neck cortex and fixation failure. A novel finding of the present study is that the use of washers significantly decreases the risk of fixation failure.
Association of Metastasis with Clinicopathological Data in Mexican Patients with Osteosarcoma, Giant Cell Tumor of Bone and Chondrosarcoma.

BACKGROUND Bone tumors are neoplasias with a high overall mortality; one of the main factors that reduce survival is their high capacity to develop metastases. It has been reported that finding lung metastases at diagnosis of osteosarcoma (OS), chondrosarcoma (CS) and giant cell tumor of bone (GCTb) is quite common. In this study, we inquire the relationship of metastases caused by these tumors with different clinical and pathological aspects, in order to guide medical personnel in the diagnosis and opportune treatment of metastases or micro metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected data of 384 patients with clinical, radiological and histopathological diagnosis of OS, GCTb and CS that attended the National Rehabilitation Institute (INR) during 2006 to 2014. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were performed for data analysis. RESULTS In the three tumor types, the presence of metastases at diagnosis was variable (p=0.0001). Frequency of metastases was 36.7%, 31.7% and 13.2% for OS, CS and GCTb respectively. The average age had no significant difference (p>0.05) in relation to metastases, even so, patients with OS and GCTb and metastases, were older while patients with CS and metastases were younger, in comparison to patients without metastases. Males had a higher frequency of metastases (68.2%, p = 0.09) in contrast to CS and GCTb, in which the metastases was more frequent in women with 51.9% (p = 0.44) and 57.9% (p = 0.56) respectively. Broadly, metastasis was associated with primary tumors located in the femur (44.4%), followed by the tibia (15.6%); metastases was more frequent when primary tumor of GCTb and OS were in the same bones, but were located in the hip (26.3%) for CS. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of metastases in OS, GCTb and CS is high in our population and is determined by different clinicopathological variables related to the kind of tumor. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate metastases subsequent to diagnosis and associations with survival and clinicopathological factors , as well as to determine the sensitivity and specificity of current methods of detection.
Spatial dispersion of magnetic stimulation in peripheral nerves

To assess the longitudinal dispersion of the stimulus induced by the magnetic coil, collision experiments were performed in seven normal ulnar nerves. A supramaximal electrical stimulus S1 was delivered at the wrist, and followed by a supramaximal stimulus S2 in the upper arm, which was either electrical (electrical collision studies), or magnetic (magnetic collision studies). The interstimulus interval was varied by 0.2 msec increments from the time of complete cancellation of the S2 evoked motor response onwards, to include the entire span of recovery of that compound motor action potential. Collision curves were obtained for both magnetic and electrical stimuli by plotting the amplitude of the motor response elicited by S2 as a function of the interstimulus interval. In all seven normal ulnar nerves, comparison of the collision curves showed that the S2 evoked motor response is restored significantly more slowly when magnetic stimulation is used. This finding is best explained by longitudinal dispersion of the stimulus induced by the magnetic coil relative to conventional electrical stimulation, the large fibers being stimulated further away from the coil than the small ones. This interpretation is confirmed by the findings obtained with the same method in two cases of ulnar neuropathy, and by comparison of different intensities of magnetic stimulation.
The Confidence of Choice: Evidence for an Augmentation Effect on Self-Perceived Performance

Past research suggests that choice in deciding the features of a task can enhance performance. Independent of the quality of performance, choice may also increase the actor’s confidence by providing a secondary source of subjective control during the task. In two studies designed to examine this augmentation hypothesis, college students were asked to read and understand a short story. Study 1 revealed that those who selected names to be used in the story felt more confident about their performance than did those who were assigned names, although the groups in fact performed equally. Study 2 revealed that the enhancement was not due to anticipatory confidence, arguing against the possibility that choice was operating as a performance cue. The findings are interpreted in relation to perceived control and implications for motivation and competence are discussed.
When Organizations Rule: Judicial Deference to Institutionalized Employment Structures1

This article offers a theoretical and empirical analysis of legal endogeneity—a powerful process through which institutionalized organizational structures influence judicial conceptions of compliance with antidiscrimination law. It finds that organizational structures (e.g., grievance and evaluation procedures, antiharassment policies) become symbolic indicators of rational governance and compliance with antidiscrimination laws, first within organizations, but eventually in the judicial realm as well. Lawyers and judges tend to infer nondiscrimination from the mere presence of those structures. Judges increasingly defer to organizational structures in their opinions, ultimately inferring nondiscrimination from their presence. Legal endogeneity theory is tested by analyzing a random sample of 1,024 federal employment discrimination opinions (1965–99) and is found to have increased over time. Judicial deference is most likely when plaintiffs lack clout and when the legal theories require judges to rule on unobservable organizational attributes. The authors argue that legal endogeneity weakens the impact of law when organizational structures are viewed as indicators of legal compliance even in the face of discriminatory actions.
Protective role of buffalo pineal proteins on arsenic-induced oxidative stress in blood and kidney of rats

Objective: Exposure to various toxic metals has become an increasingly recognized source of ill- ness in human and animals, worldwide. Arsenic (As) and its compounds cause adverse health effects in animals and humans. Recently, it has been suggested that the pineal gland may also have antioxidants role due to secretary product other than melatonin. With keeping this view, pre-sent investigation tested effect of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) pineal proteins (PP) on arsenic-induced oxidative stress in RBCs (Red blood cells) and kidney of rats. Methods: Eighteen adult female Wistar rats were grouped into group-I (Control), group-II (Arsenic control), and group-III (Arsenic + Pineal proteins). Experimental rats were given 100 ppm arsenic (p.o.) for 4 weeks alone or along with pineal proteins at a dose of 100 µg/kg body weight (i.p.). Results: Interestingly, arsenic ex-posure led to the stimulation of kidney catalase (CAT) activity, but inhibition of RBCs CAT activ-ity and significantly (P<0.05) increased the RBCs and kidney lipid peroxidation level (LPO). How-ever, arsenic treatment caused depletion of glu- tathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) in kidney tissues. In RBCs, only GR and CAT activity were significantly (P<0.05) declined. These changes were significantly (P<0.05) reversed by PP treatment in arsenic exposed animals. Conclusion: Therefore, present study indicated the significant protecting effect of buf-falo (Bubalus bubalis) PP against arsenic in-duced-oxidative stress through antioxidant de-fense systems in rats.
Priming of Rabbit Alveolar Macrophages for Enhanced Oxidative Responses by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection

The effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) infection on the oxidative response in infant and adult rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM) was studied using either phorbol myristate acetate (0.5 μg PMA/ml) or latex (250 μg/ml) as eliciting agents in a chemiluminescence (CL) assay. Results indicated that uninfected infant AM responded to a latex‐elicited but not PMA‐elicited CL response. HSV‐2 infection (moi=1.0) of infant AM for 2 hr at 37° did not alter the PMA or latex‐elicited CL responses. In contrast, uninfected adult AM exhibited a markedly increased CL response when elicited with either PMA or latex. HSV‐2 infection (moi=1) of adult AM for 2 hr further increased both PMA‐ and latex‐elicited CL responses. Increasing the moi to 10 inhibited both PMA‐ and latex‐elicited CL responses. Incubation of uninfected control and HSV‐2 infected adult AM for 18 hr at 37° resulted in spontaneous priming of the cells for increased CL responses. In the absence of PMA HSV‐2 alone failed to elicit a CL response in adult AM. Infection with heat‐inactivated HSV‐2 (moi=1.0 before heat inactivation) did not prime adult AM for enhanced CL responses. AM from BCG immunized adult rabbit produced a considerably higher level CL response that nonimmunized AM; however, HSV‐2 infection of these cells did not further enhance the response. In summary, these data indicate that adult AM but not infant AM can be primed by active HSV‐2 infection for an increased CL response elicited by either PMA or latex.
Controlling balance in an ensemble Kalman filter

Abstract. We present a method to control unbalanced fast dynamics in an ensemble Kalman filter by introducing a weak constraint on the imbalance in a spatially sparse observational network. We show that the balance constraint produces significantly more balanced analyses than ensemble Kalman filters without balance constraints and than filters implementing incremental analysis updates (IAU). Furthermore, our filter with the weak constraint on imbalance produces good rms error statistics which outperform those of ensemble Kalman filters without balance constraints for the fast fields.
Do Patients Consistently Report Comorbid Conditions Over Time?: Results From the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study

Background:Comorbidity is an important dimension of patient health status. However, limited attention has been given to assessing the reliability of patient-reported data on comorbid conditions. Objectives:We sought to evaluate the consistency of self-report of 12 comorbid conditions at 3 distinct time points and examine the sociodemographic, clinical, health status, and survey factors associated with reliability. Study Design:We undertook a longitudinal cohort analysis of survey and medical record abstract data obtained from a population-based sample of 3095 prostate cancer survivors. Methods:Consistent and inconsistent response patterns were assessed using descriptive statistics and regression modeling. Results:More than half of the cohort demonstrated consistent responses to all comorbid condition questionnaire items. Arthritis had the highest (13%) and liver disease the lowest (1%) proportion of inconsistent responses. Older age, lower income, and poorer general and mental health status were significant predictors of inconsistent responses. Subset analyses of the 4 most prevalent comorbid conditions (ie, arthritis, diabetes, hypertension, and depression) showed that respondents who reported that they were limited by, or taking prescription medicine for, the condition were more likely to provide consistent responses than those neither limited nor taking medicine. Response consistencies of 92% or better were obtained for 11 of the 12 conditions. Conclusions:Men with a relatively recent prostate cancer diagnosis are generally able to provide reliable reports of their concomitant health conditions. To increase the likelihood of obtaining reliable data, investigators should consider ascertaining condition severity and current medical management when querying subjects about comorbid conditions in surveys.
Parameters of the Endocannabinoid System as Novel Biomarkers in Sepsis and Septic Shock

Sepsis represents a dysregulated immune response to infection, with a continuum of severity progressing to septic shock. This dysregulated response generally follows a pattern by which an initial hyperinflammatory phase is followed by a state of sepsis-associated immunosuppression. Major challenges in improving sepsis care include developing strategies to ensure early and accurate identification and diagnosis of the disease process, improving our ability to predict outcomes and stratify patients, and the need for novel sepsis-specific treatments such as immunomodulation. Biomarkers offer promise with all three of these challenges and are likely also to be the solution to determining a patient’s immune status; something that is critical in guiding effective and safe immunomodulatory therapy. Currently available biomarkers used in sepsis lack sensitivity and specificity, among other significant shortcomings. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an emerging topic of research with evidence suggesting a ubiquitous presence on both central and peripheral tissues, including an intrinsic link with immune function. This review will first discuss the state of sepsis biomarkers and lack of available treatments, followed by an introduction to the ECS and a discussion of its potential to provide novel biomarkers and treatments.