Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison Wage in Trade Union Decision Making

The starting point of this paper is the idea that trade unions and individual workers pay attention to wage settlements in similar sectors of the economy. The foundations of this concept can be found in other social sciences and also in the literature of psychological economics. However, it has not received much attention in connection to union decision making. This comparison or reference wage enters the decision making of the union (i.e. the union utility function). In this paper, we employ a union utility function which incorporates this concept. The analysis is conducted in a bargaining framework and the results show the effects on the optimal wage of important variables like comparison wage, unemployment benefit, union power and of the weight that the union places on the comparison wage
Impact of Emerging Serotypes on Rotavirus Immunization

Rotavirus infection is a universal disease that commonly affects children below the age of 5 years. The disease causes severe dehydration and may be fatal, especially in the younger age groups. In low socio-economic countries, the median age of infection is 6-9 months, and pre-existing co-morbid conditions, malnutrition, infections etc, make the population more vulnerable. The Rotavirus is a triple layered virus and has the VP4 and VP7 antigens which exist as different serotypes and genotypes. Re-assortment of the G and the P types gives rise to a multitude of viral strains, which vary with demographic variations. G1-4 and P4, P8 are the globally recognized strains. However, there are some new strains that have been noted with increasing frequency in India. These include G9P6, G9P11, G12P6, G12P4, which show varying degrees of isolation from various parts of our country. While the currently available licensed vaccines have shown dramatic results in decreasing the morbidity and mortality by both homotypic and heterotypic protection in low income countries like Brazil and Mexico where they were introduced in the national immunization schedule as early as 2006-2007, India is yet to introduce Rotavirus vaccines in the national immunization program. Despite the emergence of new disease causing strains, the existing vaccines continue to play a role in providing protection against severe Rotaviral infection in children.
Unpacking “Participation” in the Adaptive Management of Social–ecological Systems: a Critical Review

Adaptive management has the potential to make environmental management more democratic through the involvement of different stakeholders. In this article, we examine three case studies at different scales that followed adaptive management processes, critically reflecting upon the role of stakeholder participation in each case. Specifically, we examine at which stages different types of stakeholders can play key roles and the ways that each might be involved. We show that a range of participatory mechanisms can be employed at different stages of the adaptive cycle, and can work together to create conditions for social learning and favorable outcomes for diverse stakeholders. This analysis highlights the need for greater reflection on case study research in order to further refine participatory processes within adaptive management. This should not only address the shortcomings and successes of adaptive management as a form of democratic environmental governance, but should also unpack the links between science, institutions, knowledge, and power.
Barriers in the pelagic: population structuring of Calanus helgolandicus and C. euxinus in European waters

Molecular studies of marine plankton have shown that ecological and/or environmental barriers play an important role in separating populations. Calanoid copepods are central in marine ecosystems, and dramatic biogeographical shifts in copepod assemblages associated with recent climate warming have been reported. We examined spatial population structuring in European waters of the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea of Calanus helgolandicus and its sister species, C. euxi nus, from the Black Sea based on genetic and morphometric characters. The aims were to identify barriers to dispersal, relate these to hydrographic characteristics and infer historical patterns of distribution and demography. We analysed a 408 bp fragment of the mitochondrial 16S gene (316 individuals), prosome to urosome length relationships (212 individuals) and sea surface temp - eratures obtained from 19 European sites. Estimates of genetic differentiation between samples and hierarchical analyses of molecular variance indicated strong spatial population structuring between, as well as within, basins. We identified 7 phylogeographic groups: Fjords, Oceanic inflow, NE Atlantic/ Tyrrhenian, Adriatic, Mljet Island, Aegean, and Black Sea, which explained 39.7% of the total genetic variation. Based on genetic data, C. euxinus is considered to be a differentiated popula- tion within the C. helgolandicus distribution range because the most important genetic barrier sepa- rates western and eastern Mediterranean populations. Morphometric barriers largely reflect sea sur- face temperature barriers and are not congruent with the main genetic barriers. Contrary to recent findings for C. finmarchicus, we conclude that C. helgolandicus/C. euxinus populations are not con- nected by high levels of dispersal and have been vulnerable to past climatic changes.
Approximate Unitary Equivalence in Simple C^*-algebras of Tracial Rank One

Let $C$ be a unital AH-algebra and let $A$ be a unital separable simple C*-algebra with tracial rank no more than one. Suppose that $\phi, \psi: C\to A$ are two unital monomorphisms. With some restriction on $C,$ we show that $\phi$ and $\psi$ are approximately unitarily equivalent if and only if [\phi]=[\psi] in KL(C,A) \tau\circ \phi=\tau\circ \psi for all tracial states of A and \phi^{\ddag}=\psi^{\ddag}, here \phi^{\ddag} and \psi^{\ddag} are homomorphisms from $U(C)/CU(C)\to U(A)/CU(A) induced by \phi and \psi, respectively, and where CU(C) and CU(A) are closures of the subgroup generated by commutators of the unitary groups of C and B.
Obscure: Information-Theoretic Oblivious and Verifiable Aggregation Queries

Despite extensive research on cryptography, secure and efficient query processing over outsourced data remains an open challenge. We develop communication-efficient and information-theoretically secure algorithms for privacy-preserving aggregation queries using multi-party computation (MPC). Specifically, query processing techniques over secret-shared data outsourced by single or multiple database owners are developed. These algorithms allow a user to execute queries on the secret-shared database and also prevent the network and the (adversarial) clouds to learn the user's queries, results, or the database. We further develop (non-mandatory) privacy-preserving result verification algorithms that detect malicious behaviors, and experimentally validate the efficiency of our approach over large datasets, the size of which prior approaches to secret-sharing or MPC systems have not scaled to.
Can the Life Insurance Market Provide Evidence for a Bequest Motive?

Using U.K. microeconomic data, we analyze the empirical determinants of participation in the life insurance market. We find that term insurance demand is positively correlated with measures of bequest motives like being married, having children and/or subjective measures of strong bequest motives. We then show that a life-cycle model of life insurance demand, saving and portfolio choice can rationalize quantitatively the data in the presence of a bequest motive. These findings provide evidence supporting the presence of a bequest motive.
Jordan triple endomorphisms and isometries of spaces of positive definite matrices

In this paper, we determine the structure of certain algebraic morphisms and isometries of the space of all complex positive definite matrices. In the case , we describe all continuous Jordan triple endomorphisms of which are continuous maps satisfying It has recently been discovered that surjective isometries of certain substructures of groups equipped with metrics which are in a way compatible with the group operations have algebraic properties that relate them rather closely to Jordan triple morphisms. This makes us possible to use our structural results to describe all surjective isometries of that correspond to any member of a large class of metrics generalizing the geodesic distance in the natural Riemannian structure on . Finally, we determine the isometry group of relative to a very recently introduced metric that originates from the divergence called Stein’s loss.
Causal importance of orientation selectivity for generalization in image recognition

Although both our brain and deep neural networks (DNNs) can perform high-level sensory-perception tasks such as image or speech recognition, the inner mechanism of these hierarchical information-processing systems is poorly understood in both neuroscience and machine learning. Recently, Morcos et al. (2018) examined the effect of class-selective units in DNNs, i.e., units with high-level selectivity, on network generalization, concluding that hidden units that are selectively activated by specific input patterns may harm the network’s performance. In this study, we revisit their hypothesis, considering units with selectivity for lower-level features, and argue that selective units are not always harmful to the network performance. Specifically, by using DNNs trained for image classification, we analyzed the orientation selectivity of individual units. Orientation selectivity is a low-level selectivity widely studied in visual neuroscience, in which, when images of bars with several orientations are presented to the eye, many neurons in the visual cortex respond selectively to a specific orientation. We found that orientation-selective units exist in both lower and higher layers of DNNs, as in our brain. In particular, units in the lower layers become more orientation-selective as the generalization performance improves during the course of training of the DNNs. Consistently, networks that generalize better are more orientation-selective in the lower layers. We finally reveal that ablating these selective units in the lower layers substantially degrades the generalization performance. These results suggest to the machinelearning community that, contrary to the triviality of units with high-level selectivity, lower-layer units with selectivity for low-level features are indispensable for generalization, and for neuroscientists, orientation selectivity does play a causally important role in object recognition.
A Markov-switching model for heat waves

Heat waves merit careful study because they inict severe economic and societal damage. We use an intuitive, informal working denition of a heat wave|a persistent event in the tail of the temperature distribution| to motivate an interpretable latent state extreme value model. A latent variable with dependence in time indicates membership in the heat wave state. The strength of the temporal dependence of the latent variable controls the frequency and persistence of heat waves. Within each heat wave, temperatures are modeled using extreme value distributions, with extremal dependence across time accomplished through an extreme value Markov model. One important virtue of interpretability is that model parameters directly translate into quantities of interest for risk management, so that questions like whether heat waves are becoming longer, more severe, or more frequent, are easily answered by querying an appropriate tted model. We demonstrate the latent state model on two recent, calamitous, examples: the European heat wave of 2003 and the Russian heat wave of 2010.
Penetrative Bénard-Marangoni Convection in a Micropolar Ferrofluid Layer via Internal Heating and Submitted to a Robin Thermal Boundary Conditions

Penetrative Benard-Maranagoni convection in micropolar ferromagnetic fluid layer in the presence of a uniform vertical magnetic field has been investigated via internal heating model. The lower boundary is considered to be rigid at constant temperature, while the upper boundary free open to the atmosphere is flat and subject to a convective surface boundary condition. The resulting eigenvalue problem is solved numerically by Galerkin method. The stability of the system is found to be dependent on the dimensionless internal heat source strength Ns, magnetic parameter M1, the non-linearity of magnetization parameter M3, coupling parameter N1, spin diffusion parameter N3 and micropolar heat conduction parameter N5. The results show that the onset of ferroconvection is delayed with an increase in N1 and N5 but hastens the onset of ferroconvection with an increase in M1, M3, N3 and Ns. The dimension of ferroconvection cells increases when there is an increase in M3, N1, N5 and Ns and decrease in M1 and N3.
Molecular Imaging in Adult Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder

Molecular Imaging in Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) . v ABSTRACT (Deutsch) Molekulare Bildgebung in der AufmerksamkeitsdefizitundDeutsch) Molekulare Bildgebung in der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizitund Hyperaktivitässtörung (ADHS) . vii Publications arising from this thesis . ix Acknowledgments and project funding . x Abbreviations . xi
Towards a complete stellar mass function of the Hyades - I. Pan-STARRS1 optical observations of the low-mass stellar content

The Hyades cluster is an ideal target to study the dynamical evolution of a star cluster over the entire mass range due to its intermediate age and proximity to the Sun. We wanted to extend the Hyades mass function towards lower masses down to 0.1 Msol and to use the full three-dimensional spatial information to characterize the dynamical evolution of the cluster. We performed a kinematic and photometric selection using the PPMXL and Pan-STARRS1 sky surveys, to search for cluster members up to 30 pc from the cluster centre. We determined our detection efficiency and field star contamination rate to derive the cluster luminosity and mass functions down to masses of 0.1 Msol. The thorough astrometric and photometric constraints minimized the contamination. A minimum spanning tree algorithm was used to quantify the mass segregation. We discovered 43 new Hyades member candidates with velocity perpendicular to the Hyades motion up to 2 km/s. They have mass estimates between 0.43 and 0.09 Msol, for a total mass of 10 Msol. This doubles the number of Hyades candidates with masses smaller than 0.15 Msol. We provide an additional list of 11 possible candidates with velocity perpendicular to the Hyades motion up to 4 km/s. The cluster is significantly mass segregated. The extension of the mass function towards lower masses provided an even clearer signature than estimated in the past. We also identified as likely Hyades member an L0 dwarf previously assumed to be a field dwarf. Finally we question the membership of a number of previously published candidates, including a L2.5-type dwarf.
A Comparison of Dance/Movement Therapy and Cardiovascular Training on Cortisol Awakening Response in the Elderly

Aging is associated with numerous chronic conditions as well as an increased stress response. The present study looks at the effects of Dance/Movement Therapy (DMT) on chronic stress (measured by the cortisol awakening response – CAR) in older adults. Healthy older adults (n = 40) aged 60 and over (M=67.45, SD=5.3) were randomized into three groups: DMT (n=12), Aerobic Training (AT; n=14), and Waiting List (WL; n=14). DMT defined as “the psychotherapeutic use of movement to promote emotional, social, cognitive and physical integration of the individual” (ADTA, 2017), was comprised of exercises including gross motor skills, body awareness, and socialization. The AT consisted of high intensity activity on a recumbent bicycle. Both training groups were supervised by a licensed instructor and met three times a week for three months. Participants of all groups provided, before and after their respective program, saliva samples on three days at 0, 30 and 60-minutes after awakening, and had their fitness level evaluated. A group x time interaction was found (F(2,35)=5.256, p=. 01, η2partial=. 231), with the DMT group showing lower salivary cortisol values post-training, while the other two groups showed no change from baseline in their CAR. Maximal aerobic power improved only in the AT group, while DMT showed no group-specific physical functioning improvements. The results are further discussed in terms of physical and psychological mechanisms that could explain the change in cortisol. Keywords: dance/movement therapy, cortisol, aerobic training, stress, older adults
The close circumstellar environment of Betelgeuse - IV. VLTI/PIONIER interferometric monitoring of the photosphere

Context. The mass-loss mechanism of cool massive evolved stars is poorly understood. The proximity of Betelgeuse makes it an appealing target to study its atmosphere, map the shape of its envelope, and follow the structure of its wind from the photosphere out to the interstellar medium. Aims. A link is suspected between the powerful convective motions in Betelgeuse and its mass loss. We aim to constrain the spatial structure and temporal evolution of the convective pattern on the photosphere and to search for evidence of this link. Methods. We report new interferometric observations in the infrared H-band using the VLTI/PIONIER instrument. We monitored the photosphere of Betelgeuse between 2012 January and 2014 November to look for evolutions that may trigger the outflow. Results. Our interferometric observations at low spatial frequencies are compatible with the presence of a hot spot on the photosphere that has a characteristic width of one stellar radius. It appears to be superposed on the smaller scale convective pattern. In the higher spatial frequency domain, we observe a significant di erence between the observations and the predictions of 3D hydrodynamical simulations. Conclusions. We bring new evidence for the presence of a convective pattern in the photosphere of red supergiants. The inferred hot spot is probably the top of a giant convection cell although an asymmetric extension of the star cannot be excluded by these interferometric observations alone. The properties of the observed surface features show a stronger contrast and inhomogeneity as predicted by 3D radiative hydrodynamical simulations. We propose that the large observed feature is modifying the signature of the convective pattern at the surface of the star in a way that simulations cannot reproduce.
Treatment adherence in chronic myeloid leukemia: a systematic review of the literature

SUMMARY The introduction of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib in the late 1990s, and the more recently licensed TKIs dasatinib and nilotinib, have essentially transformed chronic myeloid leukemia from a terminal illness with poor prognosis to a chronic illness that can be managed by the patient at home. The success of the treatment, however, is now reliant on the patients’ ability and motivation to adhere to the treatment as prescribed. Unfortunately many patients miss doses of their TKI treatment, which has been shown to have adverse consequences for individual patients’ treatment response as well as increase the associated healthcare costs. Nevertheless, it has been difficult to identify reliable predictors and explanations for why patients miss doses, making it a complex challenge to develop interventions to reduce nonadherence and improve outcomes in this patient group. This systematic review identified 17 different studies that have investigated adherence to TKI treatment in chronic myeloi.
Working Paper Series Conceptualising the Perceived Performance in Hospital Services : A Patient s Perspective

Purpose: Primary purpose is to develop and test a model of hospital service performance (SERVHOSP) in the context of a major private hospital in Romania. Design/methodology: First stage qualitative interviews were used for construct elicitation purposes. This stage of the research sought to elicit the attributes that are important for patients in evaluating SERVHOSP. To gather data on these issues, a qualitative study include interviews with 30 patients and eight health pr ofessionals. The results from the qualitative stage and the review of the lite rature of services marketing led to the development of a hospital service performance (S ERVHOSP) model. The quantitat ive stage consisted of 384 interviews with patients, which were recruited from Euroclinic, a leading private hospital in
Acupuncture Research in Military and Veteran Populations: A Rapid Evidence Assessment of the Literature

Abstract Background: In recent years, both the Department of Defense (DoD) and Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) have begun to turn to complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) therapies to help address chronic physical (pain) and psychological (post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression) conditions. One of the most prominent CIM therapies for these conditions is acupuncture. While there has been considerable acupuncture research performed in civilian populations, the level of research conducted within military and veteran populations is unclear. Objective: The main objectives of this review were to survey the number of published acupuncture studies in military and veteran populations and to assess and summarize the quality of the included studies. Design: A Rapid Evidence Assessment of the Literature (REAL©) was conducted to identify, assess, and characterize published studies of acupuncture among military and veteran populations (from inception until March 2011). Results: A total of 340 ci.
Cold Air Incursions over Subtropical South America: Mean Structure and Dynamics

Abstract Synoptic-scale incursions of midlatitude air moving into subtropical South America (to the east of the Andes Cordillera) are observed to occur year-round with a periodicity of about 1–2 weeks. During wintertime, they have a profound impact upon the low-level temperature field, and extreme episodes produce freezing conditions from central Argentina to southern Brazil and Bolivia. Warm season episodes produce less dramatic variations of temperature, but they organize deep convection in the form of synoptic-scale bands of convective cloudiness along the leading edge of the cool air. On the basis of 17 yr of NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and outgoing longwave radiation fields, the mean, synoptic-scale structure, and evolution of these incursions is documented, using a simple compositing technique. The underlying physical mechanisms responsible for the occurrence of these incursions are also investigated by diagnosing the leading dynamic and thermodynamic forcing of their development.