Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress Mediated by Trace Elements Selenium Deﬁciency and Viral Infection 1

The discovery that the juvenile cardiomyopathy known as Keshan disease likely has a dual etiology that involves both a nutritional deﬁciency of the essential trace mineral selenium (Se) as well as an infection with an enterovirus provided the impetus for additional studies of relationships between nutrition and viral infection. An amyocarditic strain of coxsackievirus B3, CVB3/0, converted to virulence when it was inoculated into Se-deﬁcient mice. This conversion was accompanied by changes in the genetic structure of the virus so that its genome closely resembled that of other known virulent CVB3 strains. Similar alterations in virulence and genomic composition of CVB3/0 could be observed in mice fed normal diets but genetically deprived of the antioxidant selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (knockout mice). More recent research has shown that a mild strain of inﬂuenza virus, inﬂuenza A/Bangkok/1/79, also exhibits increased virulence when given to Se-deﬁcient mice. This increased virulence is accompanied by multiple changes in the viral genome in a segment previously thought to be relatively stable. Epidemic neuropathy in Cuba has features that suggest a combined nutritional/viral etiology. Further research, both basic and applied, is needed to assess properly the possible role of malnutrition in contributing to the emergence of novel viral diseases. J. Nutr. 133: 1463S–1467S, 2003.
Alleviation of kidney damage induced by unilateral ureter obstruction in rats by Rhodiola rosea.

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of Rhodiola rosea extract in terms of alleviating the renal damage induced by unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty Wistar albino male rats were divided into five groups: (I) Control, (II) UUO 7 days, (III) UUO 7 days+extract,(IV) UUO 14 days, and (V) UUO 14 days+extract. Seven or 14 days after the initiation of the experimental procedure, the left kidneys of rats in all five groups were removed for histological examination, and their blood was drawn for biochemical measurements. RESULT Median malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were, respectively, 39.4 (5.04) nmol/mL and 25.8 (8.01) nmol/minute/mL in group I, 77.9 (12.38) nmol/mL and 5.8 (1.95) nmol/minute/mL in group II, 48.7 (12.1) nmol/mL and 9.1 (2.3) nmol/minute/mL in group III, 58.5 (23.83) nmol/mL and 8.4 (2.1) nmol/minute/mL in group IV, and 44.8 (4.97) nmol/mL and 13.8 (3.73) nmol/minute/mL in group V. There was a statistically significant difference among the groups in terms of MDA and GPx levels (p<0.05 for both). The median numbers of apoptotic cells were 1 (1), 8 (2.25), 3 (1.25), 23.5 (9), and 7 (I) in groups I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively. There was a statistically siginificant difference among the groups in terms of apoptotic cell number (p<0.05). CONCLUSION R. rosea extract was shown to alleviate the renal damage induced by UUO through its antioxidant effects. The mechanism by which R. rosea extract causes these effects merits further investigation.
Mechanisms of metalloenzymes studied by quantum chemical methods

1. Introduction 92 2. Methods and models 93 2.1 Density Functional Theory 93 2.2 Chemical models 98 3. Examples of mechanisms studied 104 3.1 Photosystem II 105 3.2 Cytochrome c oxidase 108 3.3 Manganese catalase 112 3.4 Ribonucleotide reductase 114 3.5 Methane mono-oxygenase 119 3.6 Methyl coenzyme M reductase 122 3.7 Intra- and extradiol dioxygenases 124 3.8 Tyrosinase and catechol oxidase 126 3.9 Amino-acid hydroxylases 130 3.10 Isopenicillin N synthase 132 3.11 Cytochrome c peroxidase 134 3.12 Copper-dependent amine oxidase 136 3.13 Galactose oxidase 138 4. Summary and conclusions 138 5. Acknowledgements 140 6. References 140 The study of metalloenzymes using quantum chemical methods of high accuracy is a relatively new field. During the past five years a quite good understanding has been reached concerning the methods and models to be used for these systems. For systems containing transition metals hybrid density functional methods have proven both accurate and computationally efficient. A background on these methods and the accuracy achieved in benchmark tests are given first in this review. The rest of the review describes examples of studies on different metalloenzymes. Most of these examples describe mechanisms where dioxygen is either formed, as in photosystem II, or cleaved as in many other enzymes life cytochrome c oxidase, ribonucleotide reductase, methane mono-oxygenase and tyrosinase. In the descriptions below high emphasis is put on the actual determination of the transition states, which are the key points determining the mechanisms.
Dissatisfaction with body size among low-income, postpartum black women.

OBJECTIVE To explore the body size perceptions of low-income, postpartum Black women. DESIGN Prospective, exploratory survey using a culturally sensitive figure rating scale, to assess body size perceptions. SETTING Four inner city clinics in Washington, DC. PARTICIPANTS Low-income, postpartum Black women (N= 105). METHOD A validated, culturally sensitive figure rating scale was used to assess perception of current, typical, healthy, and preferred body sizes of participants. Derived scores were used to assess other body image measures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measures were mean scores of perceived sizes and derived scores representing body size satisfaction, adherence to typical size, and health ideal size. RESULTS Over 75% of subjects exhibited dissatisfaction with current body size. The perceived size for the typical (reference) woman was larger and not representative of the perceived healthy or preferred sizes of the sample. No difference between preferred and healthy sizes was observed. CONCLUSIONS Two thirds of the participants were dissatisfied with their current body size and over half desired weight loss. The lack of difference between preferred and healthy body sizes suggests desire for a body size that meets both cultural standards of attractiveness and personal standards of health. Nursing opportunity for engaging in anticipatory interventions is highlighted.
The Effect of a Monetary Incentive in Increasing the Return Rate of a Survey to Family Physicians

The barrage of requests family physicians receive to complete mail surveys often results in physicians who are unwilling, or unable due to time constraints, to complete each survey they receive. Thus, to obtain an acceptable response rate, state-of-the-art mail survey techniques must be used. This article reports the results of the use of a modest($1) monetary incentive to increase a survey response rate. A random sample of 600 American Academy of Family Physicians members were mailed a survey of firearm safety counseling; half received a $1 incentive whereas the remaining half served as a control group. The response rate in the incentive group was 63% compared to 45% in the control group [X2 (1, N = 251) = 16.0, p < . 0011. Further, the use of the incentive appears to be more cost-effective than a thirdfollow-up (postcard reminder) mailing.
Nandrolone Decanoate Increases the Left Ventricular Wall but Attenuates the Cavity Increase Caused by Swimming Training in Rats

Anabolic androgenic steroids (EAAs) are drugs synthesized from testosterone. Their anabolic action is mainly due to increased synthesis and reduced degradation of muscle proteins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of swimming training associated to nandrolone decanoate treatment on the blood pressure, the myocardial dimensions, vascular reactivity. Forty Wistar male rats, aged 60 days, were divided into 4 groups (n = 10): sedentary (SN), sedentary treated (ST), trained (TN) and trained treated (TT). TN and TT animals performed a swimming training during 12 weeks and ST and TT animals received weekly nandrolone decanoate (15mg/ kg). The heart and teste were removed and weighted. The left ventricular diameter (LVD) and left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) had been measured with an electronic pachymeter. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was weekly measured, while the mesenteric arteries vascular reactivity was studied for its response to noradrenaline. There were no alterations in the heart weight, but the LVD increased (p < 0,05) in TN rats, while the LVWT increased (p < 0,05) in ST and TT rats, both in relation to SN. Testicle weight decreased (p < 0,05) in the ST and TT animals in relation to SN. There was no alteration in blood pressure, neither vascular reactivity. It was concluded that swimming training increased the left ventricular diameter, while nandrolone decanoate treatment increased mainly the left ventricular wall thickness, suggesting concentric hypertrophy.
[Factors leading to delay in obtaining definitive diagnosis of suspicious lesions for breast cancer in a dedicated health unit in Rio de Janeiro].

PURPOSE To evaluate the factors leading to delays in obtaining definitive diagnosis of suspicious lesions for breast cancer. METHODS A cross-sectional, observational study was carried out with 104 women attending a cancer hospital with a diagnosis or suspected diagnosis of breast cancer. A semistructured questionnaire on the patients' demographic, clinical characteristics and the use of services was applied.Variables were compared using t-Student test, Mann-Whitney test, Pearson's chi2 test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. In order to identify the variables associated with delays in breast cancer diagnosis, the Odds Ratio (OR) were calculated together with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and a logistic regression model was constructed. RESULTS Age of patients was 54+/-12.6 years (mean+/-standard deviation). Most of the women were white (48.1%), married (63.5%), living in the city of Rio de Janeiro (57.7%) and poorly educated (60.6%). The median time between the first sign or symptom of the disease and first consultation was one month and the mean time between first consultation and confirmation of diagnosis was 6.5 months. In 51% of the women, diagnosis was late (stages II-IV). Symptomatic presentation and longer delay between symptom onset and the first evaluation and between symptom onset and the diagnosis were found to be significant factors (p<0.05) for delays in obtaining definitive diagnosis of suspicious lesions. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that efforts must be made to reduce the time needed to get an appointment with a doctor and to confirm a diagnosis of suspicious lesions, as well as to educate physicians and the women themselves regarding the importance of breast symptoms and the value of prompt evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment.
Reviewing the implementation of the Smart Schools and the training of Bestari Teachers in Malaysia

Smart Schools (Sekolah Bestari) and In cultured schools with Smart Technology (Pembestarian Sekolah) into institutions of excellence are two statements which discuss the direction of national education. This paper seeks to clarify the concept of Smart Schools and the in cultured schools with smart technology into institutions of excellence as a national agenda of utmost importance for the realization of Malaysia as a developed nation. This paper will outline the chronology of Bestari (Excellence) training which had been carried out in the period from 1998 to 2008. This article will also examine the concept of transfer of training specifically for the rationale and importance of Bestari training. Subsequent to that it will touch on some study papers on the training of Bestari teachers with the aim of assessing the extent of training transfer that had taken place amongst teachers who have attended the courses and related training – this is to highlight what have been done in Bestari training. It is hoped that, with this essay, the essentials of Bestari training from the aspects of support and hindrances can be identified and efforts for the improvements of training can be made from time to time.
False positivity of ETV6/RUNX1 detected by FISH in healthy newborns and adults

The leukemia‐associated ETV6‐RUNX1‐translocation frequently emerges prenatally. Reverse‐transcriptase PCR screening may indicate presence of ETV6‐RUNX1 transcripts in random cord blood samples. Subsequent cell enrichment validation finds significantly lower levels than validation applying fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (<10−5 vs. 10−3 to 10−4). Using three FISH probe sets, we screened 179,000 cells from ETV6‐RUNX1‐positive dilution series, healthy adults and random cord blood samples. The t(12;21) single fusion extra signal translocation probe and the ETV6 break apart probe gave false positive results mimicking ETV6‐RUNX1‐positive cell levels of 10−3. This questions the paradigm that 1% of newborns have ETV6‐RUNX1‐positive cells at levels of 10−3 to 10−4. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1704–1706. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hypervelocity Nuclear Interceptors for Asteroid De ection or Disruption 2011

An intercept mission with nuclear explosives is the only practical mitigation option against the most probable impact threat of near-Earth objects (NEOs) with a short warning time (e.g., much less than 10 years). Although a less destructive, standoff nuclear explosion can be employed in such a last minute intercept mission, the momentum/energy transfer created by a shallow subsurface nuclear explosion is at least 100 times larger than that of a standoff nuclear explosion. However, the existing penetrated subsurface nuclear explosion technology limits the impact velocity to less than approximately 300 m/s because higher impact velocities destroy prematurely the detonation fusing devices. Also, a precision standoff explosion at an optimal height of burst above an irregularly shaped, smaller NEO is a technically challenging task, especially for intercept velocities of 2 to 30 km/s. Therefore, signicant advances in hypervelocity nuclear interceptor technology needs to be achieved soon to enable a last minute nuclear deection/disruption mission with intercept velocities as high as 30 km/s. This white paper briey describes the current as well as planned research activities at the Iowa State Asteroid Deection Research Center for developing such game changing space technology for mitigating the most probable impact threat of smaller NEOs with a short warning time.
FAMILY, SCHOOL AND NEIGHBOURHOOD INFLUENCES ON THE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF YOUTH: GÜZELYAKA CASE STUDY

FAMILY, SCHOOL AND NEIGHBOURHOOD INFLUENCES ON THE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF YOUTH: GUZELYAKA CASE STUDY Kaya, Gokhan MSc. , Department of Sociology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Sencer Ayata December 2008, 97 pages The aim of the master thesis is to understand how neighborhood, family and school influence on the educational attainment of young people. Within the scope of this work, I conducted thirty two in-depth interviews with youth living in the Guzelyaka gecekondu (squatter) neighborhood in Ankara. Gecekondu neighborhoods are residential areas where rural migrants might initially or permanently move when they come to the city in order to improve their life standards. However, many of them have to survive here against conditions such as poverty and the insufficiency of social services during the early years of their migration. Nevertheless, families can develop survival strategies based on self-help networks like kinship and hemsehri (people with same geographic origins) connections. Throughout this master thesis, I discuss how young people’s interactions within the disadvantaged neighborhoods, school climate around the neighborhood, family background, conditions at home and parental involvement influence the educational attainment of youth The research revealed that despite the specific conditions of gecekondu neighborhoods and heterogeneity amongst working class families, there is little variation in educational attainment of the youth. The main reason for this low level of educational attainment is the poverty they experienced or are still experiencing at home. While such poverty may compel them to take up positions in the labor market participation early in life, the influence of peer groups also discourages school attendance, as the environment is one in which schools provide neither a good quality education, nor a competitive educational environment. Furthermore, poverty, the disadvantaged nature of the neighborhood and the strength of the family network among the residents all serve to reproduce the inferior value of
Studies on neurotrophic regulation of murine skeletal muscle

1. A quantitative comparison was made of the effects of the paralysis caused by botulinum toxin (BoTx) type A with those of surgical denervation on the development of tetrodotoxin (TTX) resistant action potentials and of extrajunctional acetylcholine (ACh) receptors in rat and mouse skeletal muscle.
Personality and the prediction of outcome following rehabilitation in persons with acquired brain injuries: The Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic (MBMD).

Neuropsychological rehabilitation following acquired brain injury is increasingly recognized as essential with the advancements in research evidence of its effectiveness, particularly as current estimates of disability following the most common forms of brain injury (traumatic brain injury and cerebrovascular accident) are so high. Improvements in predictive capabilities of researchers and clinicians are paramount in designing effective interventions. As many variables associated with outcome following brain injury are not controllable (e.g. severity of the injury, age, education), it is essential that rehabilitation programs design interventions to target those variables that are susceptible to amelioration. While personality factors have been shown to affect outcome in other medical illnesses, only a few studies have examined the influence of personality on outcome following neurorehabilitation for acquired brain injury. The results of these studies have been mixed. This study used the Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic (MBMD) to predict outcome as measured by the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Index (MPAI-4) following brain injury rehabilitation in a heterogeneous sample of persons with acquired brain injuries (N = 50). It was hypothesized that specific coping styles scales from the MBMD (Introversive, Dejected, Oppositional), which are based on Millon's personality system, would predict outcome. Results indicated that both the Introversive and Oppositional coping styles scales accounted for significant amounts of variance in outcome beyond that accounted for by the severity of the injury alone (p < .001). In both cases, individuals with mild/moderate-moderate/severe limitations following completion of the rehabilitation program had significantly higher scores on the Introversive and Oppositional coping compared to individuals with more successful outcomes. The hypothesis that a dejected coping style would predict outcome was not supported. Implications for rehabilitation are discussed in the context of Millon's personality system.
Transcriptional regulation of the Staphylococcus aureus collagen adhesion gene, cna

We demonstrate that transcription of the Staphylococcus aureus collagen adhesin gene (cna) is temporally regulated, with expression being highest in exponentially growing cultures and falling to almost undetectable levels as cultures enter the post-exponential-growth phase. The temporal regulation of cna transcription was not affected by mutation of agr. We also demonstrate that the collagen adhesin is expressed by both agr+ and agr-negative S. aureus cells growing in bone.
Effects of a Psychosocial Intervention on Caregivers of Recently Placed Nursing Home Residents: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Many caregivers continue to provide care and support to their care recipients after institutional placement. A two-group randomized controlled trial was carried out to test the efficacy of a psychosocial intervention for informal caregivers whose care recipients resided in a long-term care facility. The intervention was delivered during the 6-month period following baseline assessment. Follow-up assessments were carried out at 6, 12, and 18 months. Primary outcomes were caregiver depression, anxiety, burden, and complicated grief. Significant time effects were found for all three primary outcomes showing that caregiver depression, anxiety, and burden improved over time. No treatment effects were found for these outcomes. However, complicated grief was significantly lower for caregivers in the treatment condition.
An Empirical Study of the Transition from Paid Work to Self-Employment

We explore the relationship between the probability of a transition from paid work to self-employment and three explanatory variables: paid income, predicted income, and income for ability. We use panel data for heads of households from the PSID SRC sample for eight pairs of years. Our results show that therelationship between paid income and self-employment is not linear. We then break up paid income into two components: a)predicted income based on human capital, demographic, and locational variables, and b) income for ability. Again, we find nolinear relationship between self-employment and either predicted income or income for ability. We then test for curvilinear relationships between these three variables (i.e., paid income, predicted income, and income for ability) and the transition to self-employment. We find that individuals with low incomes are more likely to take up self-employment. Further, income for ability is a stronger predictor of the transition to self-employment than predicted income. We show that the relationship between ability and self-employment is U shaped: very low ability and very high ability individuals are more likely to take up self-employment than medium ability individuals. We use prospect theory to explain this result.