Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress and physical activity

The cells continuously produce free radicals and reactive oxygen species as a part of metabolic processes. Increased aerobic metabolism during exercise is a potential source of oxidative stress. Also, anaerobic physical activity and oxidative stress are interrelated because the intense anaerobic activity leads to damage proteins, lipids and nucleic acids in muscle cells and blood. Complex system of antioxidant defense, which has the enzymatic and non-enzymatic part, has a role in protecting tissues from excessive oxidative damage. Most of the research conducted so far about the impact of various forms of physical activity on levels of oxidative stress is confirmed by changes in biomarkers that indicate lipid peroxidation and proteins modification. Untrained persons, as opposed to trained, are more susceptible to major changes in the body caused by oxidative stress during physical activity. The results of researches have shown that there are no significant differences between the genders in the level of oxidative stress during physical activity and response to antioxidant supplementation possibly applied. It is interesting that, despite of numerous studies, the exact location of oxidative stress origin during physical activity has not been reliably established. In addition, research results provide insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of using antioxidant supplementation to increase the defense against oxidative stress. It is necessary further investigation about the redox status and oxidative stress during physical activity in adolescent athletes.
The Effect of Alcohol on Total Antioxidant Activity and Nitric Oxide Levels in the Sera and Brains of Rats

Results: Both serum and brain AOA of the alcohol group were significantly lower than those of the control group. Serum NO levels of the alcohol group were significantly higher, whereas brain NO levels were lower, but not significantly, than those of the control group. Conclusion: Our findings show that alcohol diminished both serum and brain defense mechanisms against free radical attack, which might result in many diseases. Moreover, decreased AOA levels in the alcohol group might be a significant cause of increased serum NO levels in this group or vice versa: however, the effects of alcohol on brain NO levels require further investigation. Amac: Biz cal›flmam›zda alkol tuketiminin serum ve beyninde total antioksidan aktivite (AOA) ve nitrik oksit (NO) seviyeleri uzerine etkisini araflt›rd›k. Materyal ve Metod: Bu amacla 24 rat, alkol (n=12) ve kontrol (n=12) grubu olmak uzere iki gruba ayr›ld›. Her iki grup cal›flma suresince normal laboratuvar yemi ve musluk suyu ile beslendi fakat, alkol grubunun icme sular›na % 15 (v/v) oran›nda etanol ilave edildi. ‹ki ayl›k beslenme suresinden sonra ratlar ketamin anestezisi alt›nda dekapite edilerek serum ve beyin dokular›n›n AOA ve NO seviyeleri olculdu. Bulgular: Alkol grubunun serum ve beyin AOA seviyeleri kontrol grubundan istatistiksel olarak anlaml› derecede dufluktu. Alkol grubunun serum NO seviyeleri kontrol grubundan istatistiksel olarak anlaml› olacak flekilde yuksek olmas›na ramen beyin NO seviyeleri kontrol grubundan dufluk fakat aradaki fark istatistiksel ac›dan anlams›zd›. Sonuc: Bulgular›m›z, alkolun hem serum hem de beyinde bircok hastal›¤a sebep olan serbest radikallere karfl› savunma mekanizmalar›n› zay›flatt›¤›n› gostermektedir. Ayn› zamanda, alkol grubunda total AOA'daki azalma serum NO seviyesindeki art›fl›n onemli bir nedeni olabilir veya yuksek NO seviyeleri total AOA'deki azalmaya katk›da bulunuyor olabilir. Fakat, alkolun beyin NO seviyeleri uzerine olan etkisinin daha ileri araflt›r›lmas›
Anisotropy, hysteresis, and morphology of self-patterned epitaxial Fe'MgO'GaAs films

The dependence of the effective anisotropy and of the magnetization reversal processes on the deposition temperature of a series of epitaxial Fe/MgO/GaAs films, grown by a combination of laser ablation and sputtering, has been discussed and correlated to their local morphology and crystallinity. The transverse susceptibility measurements have evidenced the presence of a fourfold effective anisotropy for all films, irrespective of their deposition temperature and local morphology, with a constant value very close to that of singlecrystalline iron. The magnetization processes evolve with increasing deposition temperature from a nucleationexpansion-propagation mechanism, taking place in smooth continuous films, to pinning, occurring in selfpatterned films with homogeneous distributions of defects, and then to fully isotropic reversal, for tiled films composed of rectangular elements.
Routine knee arthroscopic surgery for the painful knee in middle-aged and old patients—time to abandon ship

Knee arthroscopic surgery is one of the most common orthopedic procedures. Introduced in Scandinavia in the late 1970s, it replaced and improved earlier open knee procedures, changed most of them from inpatient surgery to outpatient surgery, and drastically cut patient recovery time. Earlier case reports of open surgery had suggested that in the presence of “degenerative” changes in the joint at the time of meniscectomy, patients improved—but less so than in the absence of such changes (Jackson 1968, Appel 1970). Subsequent reports, now using arthroscopic surgery, again suggested poorer results in patients with cartilage changes (Lysholm and Gillquist 1981, Northmore-Ball and Dandy 1982, Gillquist and Oretorp 1982, Hamberg and Gillquist 1984).
A Global Forecasting Model of Political Instability

Prior studies of civil conflict using panel studies or econometric models have provided inconsistent results. This paper presents the resu lts of a new study, using case-control methods, to identify risk factors for political instability two years prior to event onset. The models we derive are surprisingly simple, and yet are able to identify states that will or will not experience political instability two years hence with over 80% accuracy in the historical data across several random samples. Using global data from 1955 to 200 3, we examine a wide range of political upheavals and demonstrate that regime type is overw helmingly the dominant factor behind revolutions, ethnic wars, and adverse regime change s. However, the effect of regime type is not a simple function of the degree of democracy or autoc racy. Rather, certain kinds of autocracies and democracies are much more vulnerable than other s, d pending on the patterns of executive recruitment and political participation under those regimes.
Evaluation of Circulating Nitric Oxide Levels in Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type

Objectives: Proinflammatory mediators play an important role in the pathophysiology and development of complex regional pain syndrome type 1. Elevated cytokine production is suggested to increase nitric oxide production by activating the inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway. In this study, we aimed to determine the circulating nitric oxide concentrations in complex regional pain syndrome type 1 patients, and to compare them with those of healthy controls. Methods: Serum circulating nitric oxide concentrations were measured in twenty-five patients (15 female and 10 male) with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 who fulfillied the criteria of the modified International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) and compared those of twentyfive (15 female and 10 male) age, gender matched healthy subjects. Nitric oxide concentration is estimated indirectly based on Greiss method by measuring the combined oxidation products of nitric oxide (total nitrites and nitrates). Results: There was no significant difference in the demographic data among two groups (p>0.05). The mean serum nitric oxide concentration (39.50±13.26 μmol) was significantly higher in the complex regional pain syndrome type 1 patients group compared to those of controls (27.15±11.90 μmol) (p<0.001). Conclusions: We suggest that nitric oxide levels play an important role on inflammatory reactions in CPRS 1 patients.
Spreading depression: Evidence of five electroencephalogram phases

Spreading depression (SD), a self‐propagating wave of astroglial and neuronal depolarization, is an accompaniment of several neurological disorders including epilepsy. Its well‐described features are initial depolarization, followed by EEG flattening. In this in vivo study in awake animals, the relationship of SDs to epileptiform activity was re‐examined. We assessed SDs generated by mechanical stimulation and by metabolic inhibition with fluorocitrate. In addition to identifying prolonged EEG depression, we identified two periods, one prior to and another during depression, characterized by increases in power of specific frequencies that were sometimes associated with epileptiform discharges. The first period was characterized by ripple activity close to the induction site (88% of SDs with intracortical electrodes). The second period was characterized by localized low‐frequency spikes (100% with dural screw electrodes, 65% with intracortical electrodes). By using fluorocitrate to induce SDs, the initial period was also characterized by runs of spikes (52%). Finally, with SDs induced by both methods, there was a period at the end of depression when additional, unprovoked SDs occurred (20%). Five stages of SD were defined by these phenomena, in the order: excitation, depression, excitation, depression, SD, with metabolic inhibition enhancing the expression of epileptiform spiking. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Representation of Meaning in the UMLS

Abstract: The UMLS knowledge sources provide detailed information about biomedical naming systems and databases. The Metathesaurus contains biomedical terminology from an increasing number of biomedical thesauri, and the Semantic Network provides a structure that encompasses and unifies the thesauri that are included in the Metathesaurus. This paper addresses some fundamental principles underlying the design and development of the Metathesaurus and Semantic Network. It begins with a description of the formal properties of thesauri, including the Metathesaurus, and the formal properties of the Semantic Network. It continues with consideration of the principle of semantic locality and how this is reflected in the UMLS knowledge sources. The paper concludes with a discussion of the issues involved in attempting to re-use knowledge and the potential for re-use of the UMLS knowledge sources.
Bachelor Project Image Captioning with Convolutional Neural Networks

In this thesis, we elaborate on image captioning concerning especially dense image captioning. We present technical fundamentals of a model striving to solve such a task. Concretely, a detailed structure of DenseCap and Neural Image Caption is discussed. Experimentally, we examine results of DenseCap and analyse the model’s weaknesses. We show that 92% of the generated captions are identical to a caption in the training set while the quality of those and the novel ones remains the same. We propose a criterion that significantly reduces a set of captions addressing an image whilst SPICE score of the set is maintained.
Space Particle Hazard Measurement and Modeling

Abstract : This report describes R&D to measure and model the near-earth space environment and the effects of the environment on spacecraft in orbit. Data from two Compact Environmental Anomaly Sensors (CEASE) were analyzed to derive flux spectra of energetic particles. Data from CEASE were also used to create maps of proton fluxes in the South Atlantic Anomaly at multiple altitudes between 400 and 1650 km. A new approach to modeling the diffusion of energetic electrons in the radiation belts was developed. This approach uses a coordinate transformation that eliminates the mathematically difficult coefficients of cross-diffusion in pitch angle and momentum that appear in the conventional diffusion equation. MHD modeling was used to study trapping and detrapping of solar energetic protons in the magnetosphere. Environmental effects on spacecraft were investigated, primarily using data from satellites operated by Los Alamos National Laboratory. Effects included surface charging, deep dielectric charging, and micrometeoroid impacts. The research determined the critical temperature for spacecraft charging, which is a characteristic of each surface material. Other effects studied were the role of spacecraft spin in charging, the effects of emitted electron beams on spacecraft, and charge mitigation methods.
Nonoverweight nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and incident cardiovascular disease

Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known as a risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). About 20% of NAFLD occurs in nonobese individuals. However, it remains to be elucidated the association between nonoverweight with NAFLD and a risk of incident CVD. Therefore, we investigated the risk of nonoverweight with NAFLD for incident CVD. We performed a post-hoc analysis of the previous prospective cohort study, in which 1647 Japanese were enrolled. Abdominal ultrasonography was used to diagnose NAFLD. Overweight was defined as body mass index ≥23 kg/m2, which is recommended by World Health Organization for Asian. We divided participants into 4 phenotypes by existence of NAFLD and/or overweight. The hazard risks of the 4 phenotypes for incident CVD were calculated by Cox hazard model after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, exercise, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at baseline examination. Incident proportions of CVD were 0.6% in nonoverweight without NAFLD, 8.8% in nonoverweight with NAFLD, 1.8% in overweight without NAFLD, and 3.3% in overweight with NAFLD. Compared with nonoverweight without NAFLD, the adjusted hazard ratios of incident CVD were 10.4 (95% confidence interval 2.61–44.0, P = .001) in nonoverweight with NAFLD, 1.96 (0.54–7.88, P = .31) in overweight without NAFLD, and 3.14 (0.84–13.2, P = .09) in overweight with NAFLD. Nonoverweight with NAFLD was associated with higher risk of incident CVD. We should pay attention to NAFLD, even in nonoverweight individuals, to prevent further CVD events.
Seroprevalence and risk factors of hepatitis E virus infection among children in China

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an important public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries, causing waterborne outbreaks as well as sporadic autochthonous hepatitis. China is usually considered to be a HEV‐endemic area, but the prevalence of HEV infection in children in mainland China remains unclear. Between May 2013 and July 2014, a cross‐sectional study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence and potential risk factors associated with the acquisition of HEV infection by children in China. A total of 1,500 healthy children (range 1–18; 942 and 558 from urban and rural areas, respectively) were recruited to examine for the presence of anti‐HEV IgG and IgM antibodies by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Socio‐demographic and behavioral characteristics from the examined children were obtained. The overall seroprevalence of HEV in the examined children was 14.93%. Of these, 174 (11.60%) were positive for only anti‐HEV IgG antibodies, 50 (3.33%) were IgM positive and IgG negative, and 44 (2.93%) were positive for both anti‐HEV IgG and IgM antibodies. Age, type of residence area, contact with pigs, and source of drinking water were found to be associated with HEV infection. These findings demonstrated the high prevalence of HEV and the considerable potential for the transmission of HEV infection in children in China. J. Med. Virol. 87:1573–1577, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized trial of reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures.

BACKGROUND There remains a compelling biological rationale for both reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing for the treatment of tibial shaft fractures. Previous small trials have left the evidence for either approach inconclusive. We compared reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing with regard to the rates of reoperations and complications in patients with tibial shaft fractures. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, blinded randomized trial of 1319 adults in whom a tibial shaft fracture was treated with either reamed or unreamed intramedullary nailing. Perioperative care was standardized, and reoperations for nonunion before six months were disallowed. The primary composite outcome measured at twelve months postoperatively included bone-grafting, implant exchange, and dynamization in patients with a fracture gap of <1 cm. Infection and fasciotomy were considered as part of the composite outcome, irrespective of the postoperative gap. RESULTS One thousand two hundred and twenty-six participants (93%) completed one year of follow-up. Of these, 622 patients were randomized to reamed nailing and 604 patients were randomized to unreamed nailing. Among all patients, fifty-seven (4.6%) required implant exchange or bone-grafting because of nonunion. Among all patients, 105 in the reamed nailing group and 114 in the unreamed nailing group experienced a primary outcome event (relative risk, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.71 to 1.15). In patients with closed fractures, forty-five (11%) of 416 in the reamed nailing group and sixty-eight (17%) of 410 in the unreamed nailing group experienced a primary event (relative risk, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.47 to 0.96; p = 0.03). This difference was largely due to differences in dynamization. In patients with open fractures, sixty of 206 in the reamed nailing group and forty-six of 194 in the unreamed nailing group experienced a primary event (relative risk, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.91 to 1.78; p = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates a possible benefit for reamed intramedullary nailing in patients with closed fractures. We found no difference between approaches in patients with open fractures. Delaying reoperation for nonunion for at least six months may substantially decrease the need for reoperation.
The way Wnt works: Components and mechanism

The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that is required for the proper development of all metazoans, from the basal demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica to humans. Misregulation of Wnt signaling is implicated in many human diseases, making this pathway an intense area of research in industry as well as academia. In this review, we explore our current understanding of the molecular steps involved in the transduction of a Wnt signal. We will focus on how the critical Wnt pathway component, β-catenin, is in a “futile cycle” of constant synthesis and degradation and how this cycle is disrupted upon pathway activation. We describe the role of the Wnt pathway in major human cancers and in the control of stem cell self-renewal in the developing organism and in adults. Finally, we describe well-accepted criteria that have been proposed as evidence for the involvement of a molecule in regulating the canonical Wnt pathway.
Let-7a down-regulation plays a role in thyroid neoplasias of follicular histotype affecting cell adhesion and migration through its ability to target the FXYD5 (Dysadherin) gene.

CONTEXT Thyroid neoplasias of the follicular histotype include the benign follicular adenomas and the malignant follicular carcinomas. Although several genetic lesions have already been described in human thyroid follicular neoplasias, the mechanisms underlying their development are still far from being completely elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRs or miRNAs) have recently emerged as important regulators of gene expression, also playing a key role in the process of carcinogenesis. OBJECTIVE The aim of our work has been to identify the miRNAs differentially expressed in human thyroid follicular neoplasias and define their role in thyroid carcinogenesis. DESIGN The miRNA expression profile of 10 human thyroid follicular adenomas was compared to that of 10 normal thyroid tissues. RESULTS The miRNA expression profiles revealed the down-regulation of let-7a in thyroid follicular adenomas compared to normal thyroid. Then, quantitative RT-PCR analyses validated the microarray data and showed a significantly higher decrease in let-7a expression in follicular carcinomas. Enforced let-7a expression in the follicular thyroid carcinoma cell line WRO induces an epithelial-like phenotype, increases cell adhesion, and decreases cell migration. Conversely, silencing of let-7a in the normal rat thyroid cell line PC Cl 3 has opposite effects. We identified dysadherin (FXYD5), a cell membrane glycoprotein, correlated with tumor progression and invasiveness, as a target of let-7a. Consistently, an inverse correlation between dysadherin and let-7a expression levels was found in human thyroid follicular adenomas and carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a role of let-7a down-regulation in the development of thyroid neoplasias of the follicular histotype, likely regulating dysadherin protein expression levels.
Subjective Well-being in Later Life: 20 Years after the Butterworths Monograph Series on Individual and Population Aging

RÉSUMÉ Cet article examine l’évolution de la théorie et la recherche sur le bonheur deux décennies après la publication du Psychological Well-Being in Later Life (Butterworths, 1991) par Albert Kozma, Michael Stones, et Kevin McNeil. Les avancements empiriques majeurs comprennent de nouvelles connaissances au sujet des contributions au bonheur résultants d’effets liés génétiquement et leur personnalité. Les traits de personnalité exercent des relations plus fortes avec le bonheur que ne l’était il ya 20 ans et de contribuent à la covariance entre le bonheur et certains ses prédicteurs. Accents de recherche en évolution comprennent les façons dont les effets qui sont génétiquement liés influencent la manière dont on forme et réagit à son environnement. ABSTRACT This article discusses developments in theory and research on happiness two decades after publication of Psychological Well-Being in Later Life (Butterworths, 1991) by Albert Kozma, Michael Stones, and Kevin McNeil. Major empirical advances include new knowledge about contributions to happiness resulting from genetically related effects and personality. Personality traits have stronger relationships with happiness than was apparent 20 years ago and contribute to covariance between happiness and some of its predictors. Evolving emphases in research include the ways in which genetically related effects influence how people shape, and react to, their environment.
Evaluation of adverse cutaneous reactions to aminopenicillins with emphasis on those manifested by maculopapular rashes

We assessed 195 subjects with histories of adverse reactions to aminopenicillins, using 1) skin tests with penicilloyl polylysine (PPL), minor determinant mixture (MDM), benzylpenicillin (PG), amoxicillin, and ampicillin (read after 20 min and 48 h); 2) patch tests with PG, amoxicillin, and ampicillin; and 3) RAST for penicilloyls G and V. Oral challenges with ampicillin, amoxicillin, and penicillin V were administered to 34/60 patients reporting maculopapular reactions. Immediate hypersensitivity (IH), in most cases for both penicillin and aminopenicillins, was diagnosed (based on skin tests, RAST, or both) in 35 subjects who had suffered anaphylactic shock, or urticaria, angioedema, or both urticaria and angioedema. Thirty‐three of the 60 subjects reporting maculopapular reactions presented delayed intradermal and patch‐test positivity, indicating delayed hypersensitivity (DH), for ampicillin and amoxicillin, and three were also positive for PG. Diagnoses were confirmed with oral challenges in 18/33. The remaining 27/60 were negative in all allergologic tests, with oral‐challenge confirmation in 16. Our findings highlight the importance of the amino group in DH to aminopenicillins. Moreover, the mean time interval between the last reaction and our tests was significantly (P < 0.01) longer in DH subjects (54.96 months) than in those with IH (18.62 months), suggesting that the time of testing is less important in cases of DH.