Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimized immunocytochemistry using leukocyte and tissue markers on Romanowsky-stained slides from dogs and cats.

BACKGROUND Romanowsky staining is often the initial method used to stain hematologic and cytologic materials. While immunocytochemistry (ICC) is a well-established method on air-dried smears, there are rare veterinary reports of ICC involving Romanowsky-stained slides. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare immunoreactivity of unstained vs Romanowsky-stained specimens, evaluate reactions over time, and assess ICC associations with confirmatory tests of 50 lymphoma cases. Another goal aimed to optimize manual ICC protocols with cellular and tissue immunomarkers to detect CD3ε, CD20, Pax5, MHCII, lysozyme, MUM1, vimentin, cytokeratin, and Melan-A antigens on Romanowsky-stained specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytologic specimens from cases of lymphoid and nonlymphoid neoplasms were stained with a methanolic Romanowsky method. Additional unstained slides from these cases were used for comparison with the stained materials. Antigen retrieval involved a citrate buffer pH6 or Tris/EDTA pH9 at 95°C for 25 minutes in a decloaking chamber. Immunocytochemistry used known positive and secondary antibody-only negative cytologic controls. Immunoreactivity of unstained and prestained lymphoma slides was graded by the intensity and percent of stained cells. Signal grading was monitored over time for diagnostic differences. RESULTS Unstained and Romanowsky-stained slides had similar membrane/cytoplasm graded reactions, but unstained slides produced stronger signals. Romanowsky-stained blood films from B-cell and T-cell leukemias showed minimal loss of signal when monitored over 20 weeks. Signal differences did not change the diagnosis. There was a significant association between ICC and confirmatory tests. Optimization involved antibody dilution and antigen retrieval methodology for each antibody tested. CONCLUSIONS Immunocytochemistry of Romanowsky-stained material can be successfully performed using antibodies against CD3ε, CD20, cytokeratin, lysozyme, Melan-A, MHCII, MUM1, Pax5, and vimentin.
The Coin in Hand–Extended Version: Development and Validation of a Multicultural Performance Validity Test

The number of computerized and reliable performance validity tests are scarce. This study aims to address this issue by validating a free and computerized performance validity test: the Coin in Hand–Extended Version (CIH-EV). The CIH-EV test was administered in four countries (Colombia, Spain, Portugal, and the United States) and performance was compared with other commonly used validated tests. Results showed that the CIH-EV has at least 95% specificity and 62% sensitivity, and performance was highly correlated with scores on the Test of Memory Malingering, Victoria Symptom Validity Test, and Digit Span of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. There were no significant differences in scores across countries, suggesting that the CIH-EV performs similarly in a variety of cultures. Our findings suggest that the CIH-EV has the potential to serve as a valid validity test either alone or as a supplement to other commonly used validity tests.
Evaluation of hippocampal volume and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor as potential diagnostic markers of conversion from amnestic mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease

Abstract Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is a transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer disease (AD), and is associated with an increased risk of AD. Many studies have shown that apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE ε4) genotype is a major genetic predictor of AD progression, especially in patients with aMCI. However, the application of APOE genotyping in the diagnosis of MCI progressing to AD is limited by its low sensitivity and specificity, which often leads to high false-positive rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and hippocampal volume as predictors of aMCI to AD transition in APOE ε4 genotype patients. A total of 178 subjects were diagnosed with aMCI. The patients with aMCI that progressed to AD within 2 years were included in the MCI-AD group (n = 86), those maintaining an aMCI diagnosis after 2 years were placed in the MCI-MCI group (n = 92), and neurologically healthy age-matched individuals were set as controls (n = 90). APOE genotypes were determined. Blood samples from all subjects were drawn at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months for serum BNDF assessments. Hippocampal delineations were monitored by magnetic resonance imaging. Compared to control group, aMCI-AD patients (the patients with aMCI that progressed to AD within 2 years) exhibited worse performance on cognitive and neuropsychological batteries. Meanwhile, we found that aMCI-AD patients were associated with abnormally low serum BDNF level and greater hippocampal volume loss than MCI-MCI patients (patients maintaining an aMCI diagnosis after 2 years). Moreover, patients with aMCI who were carriers of APOE ε4 showed a notable decrease in serum BDNF and a significant reduction in hippocampal volume, especially in those who progressed to AD. The present study demonstrates that aMCI that evolves into AD in patients with the APOE ε4 genotype may be predicted by hippocampal volume and serum BDNF.
The interaction between serum amyloid A and toll-like receptor 2 pathway regulates inflammatory cytokine secretion in human gingival fibroblasts.

BACKGROUND Serum amyloid A (SAA) has been identified to trigger inflammation response, and play a crucial role in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the regulatory mechanism of SAA still remains unclear during the development of periodontitis METHODS: : SAA mRNA and protein expression were detected in healthy and inflammatory gingival tissues using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Human recombinant SAA (Apo-SAA), Pam3CSK4 (a toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand), siRNA-SAA, or TLR2 neutralizing antibody was applied to treat human gingival fibroblasts, respectively or combined. SAA, TLRs, inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were analyzed by real-time PCR, western blotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS SAA expression increased in human inflammatory gingival tissues from patients with periodontitis (P < 0.05). Apo-SAA could increase not only the mRNA expression of TLR2 (P < 0.05), but also IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05) which was suppressed by TLR2 antibody in human gingival fibroblasts. Pam3CSK4 increased SAA, IL-6 and IL-8 levels (P < 0.05). However, the expression of SAA, IL-6 and IL-8 decreased after transfection of siRNA-SAA (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION SAA not only increases in inflammatory gingiva, but also triggers inflammatory cytokine secretion via interacting with TLR2 pathway in human gingival fibroblasts, which indicates that SAA is involved in periodontal inflammation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Brain metastasis: Momentum towards understanding the molecular milieu

Brain metastases are the most common and devastating neurologic complications of systemic cancer that occurs in approximately 20% of patients with cancer. [1,2] However, the incidence of brain metastases is increasing because of better detection from improved imaging techniques, a lower threshold of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for screening and follow-up, more effective loco-regional and systemic treatment regimens that can prolong life, as well as permitting the cancer to disseminate to the brain, a sanctuary site. The common sources of primary cancers that result in brain metastases include lung, breast, an unknown primary, colorectal, melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Until the recent past, outcomes in patients with brain metastases were universally dismal with considerable nihilism in the management recommendations, and the patients were treated with palliative intent only. More definitive treatments, such as surgical resection and stereotactic radiosurgery, were used occasionally till reports of much better outcomes for select populations were noted. The number of brain metastasis, the source of the primary tumor, the volume and stage of the extracranial disease, the timing of brain metastasis with respect to the diagnosis of the primary lesion, the disease free interval, the patient’s age, the performance status and the type of treatment received have been some of the important predictors for outcome. Data-driven prognostication tools for patients with brain metastases, including the recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) score,[3] have been used to prognosticate and select patients suitable for aggressive treatments such as surgery and/or radiosurgery. Most of these traditional tools have been dependent on clinical parameters rather than biological factors. Although these are reasonably robust, we now know that there are inherent biological factors at play. Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA), which includes histology‐specific information and driver mutation status, is already being used in the assessment of lung and breast cancer. [4,5] The molecular signature of the tumour, especially the status driver mutations, have been increasingly recognized to impact the outcome of these patients. For example, in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) brain metastases, the presence or absence of mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and translocations of anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (ALK) gene can influence survival. [4] The tumour subtype can also substantially affect the prognosis for patients with breast cancer who have brain metastases. [5]
Predicting Leader Emergence with Bright and Dark Traits

Abstract Leader emergence was regressed on five factor model (FFM; NEO Five-Factor Inventory) traits and four additional traits (achievement, dominance, aggression, and Machiavellianism) in a sample of 280 undergraduates (229 women (82%), 51 men; M age = 19.7 (SD = 1.4). The Jackson Personality Research Form (Jackson, Personality research form manual (3rd ed.). Port Huron, MI: Sigma Assessment Systems, Inc.) measured achievement, dominance, and aggression. Christie and Geis’ (Studies in machiavellianism. San Diego: Academic Press) Mach IV scale measured Machiavellianism. In an independent groups analysis, six of the nine traits showed significant differences, indicating that leaders are less neurotic and Machiavellian, and more extroverted, open, agreeable, and dominant. However, in a logistic regression analysis, which controlled for shared variance among traits, only extraversion, openness, and dominance predicted leader emergence. Previous studies that did not use regression models showed significant differences for a large number of traits. Results from the present study indicate the importance of accounting for shared variance when analyzing personality traits in order to develop parsimonious models.
Quantitative Assessment of Inner Ear Histopathologic Findings in Partial Trisomy of 13.

2019, Otology & Neuroto lso known as Patau syndrome, is The temporal bones (TBs) wer Trisomy of 13, a associated with several malformations, which include central nervous system abnormalities, midline facial defects, urogenital malformations, and heart problems (1). Due to the severity of the malformations, there is a 97% chance of fetal loss, and mortality within the first year is estimated at 86%. In some cases, a postzygotic mosaic trisomy of 13 (partial trisomy) may occur, leading to a milder phenotype and longer survival (1). Herein, we describe a case of a patient with true in vivo mosaicism of trisomy of 13 with several middle and inner ear abnormalities.
A Framework of Human-Motion Based Structural Dynamics Simulation Using Mobile Devices

Due to the nature of real-world problems in civil engineering, students have had limited hands-on experiences in structural dynamics classes. To address this challenge, this paper aims to bring real-world problems in structural dynamics into classrooms through a new interactive learning tool that promotes physical interaction among students and enhances their engagement in classrooms. The main contribution is to develop and test a new interactive computing system that simulates structural dynamics by integrating a dynamic model of a structure with multimodal sensory data obtained from mobile devices. This framework involves integrating multiple physical components, estimating students’ motions, applying these motions as inputs to a structural model for structural dynamics, and providing students with an interactive response to observe how a given structure behaves. The mobile devices will capture dynamic movements of the students in real-time and take them as inputs to the dynamic model of the structure, which will virtually simulate structural dynamics affected by moving players. Each component of synchronizing the dynamic analysis with motion sensing is tested through case studies. The experimental results promise the potential to enable complex theoretical knowledge in structural dynamics to be more approachable, leading to more in-depth learning and memorable educational experiences in classrooms.
Nonlinear Fault Diagnosis of Jet Engines by Using a Multiple Model-Based Approach

In this paper, a nonlinear fault detection and isolation (FDI) scheme that is based on the concept of multiple model (MM) approach is proposed for jet engines. A modular and a hierarchical architecture is proposed which enables the detection and isolation of both single as well as concurrent permanent faults in the engine. A set of nonlinear models of the jet engine in which compressor and turbine maps are used for performance calculations corresponding to various operating modes of the engine (namely, healthy and different fault modes) is obtained. Using the multiple model approach the probabilities corresponding to the engine modes of operation are first generated. The current operating mode of the system is then detected based on evaluating the maximum probability criteria. The performance of our proposed multiple model FDI scheme is evaluated by implementing both the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). Simulation results presented demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed multiple model FDI algorithm for both structural and actuator faults in the jet engine.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Circadian Regulation of Sleep in a Pre-Clinical Model of Dravet Syndrome: Dynamics of Sleep Stage and Siesta Re-entrainment.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep disturbances are common co-morbidities of epileptic disorders. Dravet syndrome (DS) is an intractable epilepsy accompanied by disturbed sleep. While there is evidence that daily sleep timing is disrupted in DS, the difficulty of chronically recording polysomnographic sleep from patients has left our understanding of the effect of DS on circadian sleep regulation incomplete. We aim to characterize circadian sleep regulation in a mouse model of DS. METHODS Here we exploit long-term electrocorticographic recordings of sleep in a mouse model of DS in which one copy of the Scn1a gene is deleted. This model both genocopies and phenocopies the disease in humans. We test the hypothesis that the deletion of Scn1a in DS mice is associated with impaired circadian regulation of sleep. RESULTS We find that DS mice show impairments in circadian sleep regulation including a fragmented rhythm of NREM sleep and an elongated circadian period of sleep. Next, we characterize re-entrainment of sleep stages and siesta following jet lag in the mouse. Strikingly, we find that re-entrainment of sleep following jet lag is normal in DS mice, in contrast to previous demonstrations of slowed re-entrainment of wheel-running activity. Finally, we report that DS mice are more likely to have an absent or altered daily "siesta". CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis that the circadian regulation of sleep is altered in DS and highlight the value of long-term chronic polysomnographic recording in studying the role of the circadian clock on sleep/wake cycles in pre-clinical models of disease.
Management of Bleeding from Unresectable Gastric Cancer

Bleeding from unresectable gastric cancer (URGC) is not a rare complication. Two major ways in which the management of this issue differs from the management of benign lesions are the high rate of rebleeding after successful hemostasis and that not only endoscopic therapy (ET) and transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) but palliative radiotherapy (PRT) can be applied in the clinical setting. However, there are no specific guidelines concerning the management of URGC with bleeding. We herein discuss strategies for managing bleeding from URGC. A high rate of initial hemostasis for active bleeding is expected when using various ET modalities properly. If ET fails in patients with hemostatic instability, emergent TAE is considered in order to avoid a life-threating condition due to massive bleeding. Early PRT, especially, regimens with a high biologically effective dose (BED) of ≥39 Gy should be considered not only for patients with hemostatic failure but also for those with successful hemostasis and inactive hemorrhage, as longer duration of response with few complications can be expected. Further prospective, comparative studies considering not only the hemostatic efficacy of these modalities but the patients’ quality of life are needed in order to establish treatment strategies for bleeding from URGC.
Five-year Impact of a Commercial Accountable Care Organization on Health Care Spending, Utilization, and Quality of Care

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) have proliferated after the passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2010. Few longitudinal ACO studies with continuous enrollees exist and most are short term. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term impact of a commercial ACO on health care spending, utilization, and quality outcomes among continuously enrolled members. Research Design: Retrospective cohort study design and propensity-weighted difference-in-differences approach were applied to examine performance changes in 2 ACO cohorts relative to 1 non-ACO cohort during the commercial ACO implementation in 2010–2014. Subjects: A total of 40,483 continuously enrolled members of a commercial health maintenance organization from 2008 to 2014. Measures: Cost, use, and quality metrics for various type of services in outpatient and inpatient settings. Results: The ACO cohorts had (1) increased inpatient and outpatient total spending in the first 2 years of ACO operation, but insignificant differential changes for the latter 3 years; (2) decreased outpatient spending in the latter 2 years through reduced primary care visits and lowered spending on specialists, testing, and imaging; (3) no differential changes in inpatient hospital spending, utilization, and quality measures for most of the 5 years; (4) favorable results for several quality measures in preventive and diabetes care domains in at least one of the 5 years. Conclusions: The commercial ACO improved outpatient process quality measures modestly and slowed outpatient spending growth by the fourth year of operation, but had a negligible impact on inpatient hospital cost, use, and quality measures.
Relation of koniocellular layers of dorsal lateral geniculate to inferior pulvinar nuclei in common marmosets

Traditionally, the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and the inferior pulvinar (IPul) nucleus are considered as anatomically and functionally distinct thalamic nuclei. However, in several primate species it has also been established that the koniocellular (K) layers of LGN and parts of the IPul have a shared pattern of immunoreactivity for the calcium‐binding protein calbindin. These calbindin‐rich cells constitute a thalamic matrix system which is implicated in thalamocortical synchronisation. Further, the K layers and IPul are both involved in visual processing and have similar connections with retina and superior colliculus. Here, we confirmed the continuity between calbindin‐rich cells in LGN K layers and the central lateral division of IPul (IPulCL) in marmoset monkeys. By employing a high‐throughput neuronal tracing method, we found that both the K layers and IPulCL form comparable patterns of connections with striate and extrastriate cortices; these connections are largely different to those of the parvocellular and magnocellular laminae of LGN. Retrograde tracer‐labelled cells and anterograde tracer‐labelled axon terminals merged seamlessly from IPulCL into LGN K layers. These results support continuity between LGN K layers and IPulCL, providing an anatomical basis for functional congruity of this region of the dorsal thalamic matrix and calling into question the traditional segregation between LGN and the inferior pulvinar nucleus.
Chiari I malformation: Surgical considerations

Since the initial studies by Williams in the 1990s, crowding at the region of the foramen of magnum associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow disturbances has been thought to be the pathophysiology of Chiari malformation and associated syringomyelia. Considering this, foramen magnum decompression, removal of the posterior arch of atlas with various modes of posterior fossa dural expansion, has remained the mainstay of treatment of Chiari malformation for the past several decades. The overall results of bone decompression and duroplasty have been quite reproducible in various studies, making this procedure the first line of treatment in symptomatic patients. Syringomyelia often coexists with Chiari malformation, and the incidence has been reported to be as high as 22% in some studies. Associated syringomyelia in the cervical and often in the thoracic spine has been thought to be a progression of the pathophysiological abnormalities in the region of the craniovertebral junction associated with Chiari malformation.
Decision aids to support decision-making in dementia care: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Objectives: We aimed to critically evaluate decision aids developed for practitioners and caregivers when providing care for someone with dementia or for use by people with dementia themselves. Decision aids may be videos, booklets, or web-based tools that explicitly state the decision, provide information about the decision, and summarize options along with associated benefits and harms. This helps guide the decision maker through clarifying the values they place on the benefits or harms of the options. Design: We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature in electronic databases (CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsychINFO) in March 2018. Reference lists were searched for relevant papers and citations tracked. Data were synthesized with meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. Papers were included if they met the following criteria: 1) the focus of the paper was on the evaluation of a decision aid; 2) the decision aid was used in dementia care; and 3) the decision aid was aimed at professionals, people with dementia, or caregivers. Results: We identified 3618 studies, and 10 studies were included, covering three topics across six decision aids: 1) support with eating/feeding options, 2) place of care, and 3) goals of care. The mode of delivery and format of the decision aids varied and included paper-based, video-based, and audio-based decision aids. The decision aids were shown to be effective, increasing knowledge and the quality of communication. The meta-analysis demonstrated that decisions are effective in reducing decisional conflict among caregivers (standardized mean difference = −0.50, 95% confidence interval [ − 0.97, − 0.02]). Conclusion: Decision aids offer a promising approach for providing support for decision-making in dementia care. People are often faced with more than one decision, and decisions are often interrelated. The decision aids identified in this review focus on single topics. There is a need for decision aids that cover multiple topics in one aid to reflect this complexity and better support caregivers.