Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Salvage Lopinavir-Ritonavir Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children

Objective: To study the control of viral replication in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children on different salvage therapies. Design and Setting: A retrospective observational study in 120 HIV-infected children was conducted. The children were divided into 3 groups according to their salvage therapies: (1) children receiving first line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); (2) protease inhibitor-experienced children receiving second line HAART; (3) protease inhibitor-experienced children receiving HAART including lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r). The outcome variables examined were time to achieve viral load (VL) ≤400 copies/mL, success in achieving VL ≤400 copies/mL and time to virologic failure (VL >400 copies/mL). Methods: VL (HIV-RNA copies/mL) was quantified with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction molecular assay. For each protocol, survival analyses were conducted to determine the probability of achieving VL ≤400 copies/mL and rebound of VL. Results: VL ≤400 copies/mL was achieved by 52.4% of children receiving first line HAART, 48.3% receiving second line HAART and 71.5% receiving HAART including LPV/r. Children receiving HAART including LPV/r reached VL ≤400 copies/mL in a shorter time than children receiving second line HAART (P = 0.017), but quite similar to children receiving first line HAART. In terms of adjusted relative risk, children receiving HAART including LPV/r were 3.36 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.59, 7.07] more likely to achieve VL ≤400 copies/mL than children receiving a different second line HAART. VL rebound occurred in 68.2% children receiving first line HAART, 73.4% receiving second line HAART and 32.4% receiving HAART including LPV/r. Children receiving HAART that includes LPV/r has less incidence of VL rebound (P=0.013) and 3.29 (95% CI 1.04, 10.3) times less risk to achieve a VL rebound than children receiving a different second line HAART. Conclusions: HAART that includes LPV/r is able to control HIV replication more efficiently than other classic salvage antiretroviral therapies.
Double dissociation of fornix and caudate nucleus lesions on acquisition of two water maze tasks: further evidence for multiple memory systems.

The present study examined the effect of lesions of the caudate nucleus or fimbria-fornix on the acquisition of two water maze tasks. In both tasks, two rubber balls with different visual patterns were used as platforms (i.e., cues). The "correct" cue was attached to a submerged rectangular platform and could be mounted by an animal to escape the water. The "incorrect" cue was attached to a thin round pedestal and could not be mounted. In a spatial version of the task, the correct cue was located in the same quadrant of the maze on all trials, whereas the visual pattern on the cue was varied from trial to trial. Lesions of the fornix, but not the caudate nucleus, impaired acquisition of this spatial task in relation to control animals. In a simultaneous visual discrimination version of the task, the correct cue on all trials was one with a specific visual pattern, and the spatial location of the correct cue was varied from trial to trial. Lesions of the caudate nucleus, but not the fornix, impaired acquisition of this visual discrimination task in relation to control animals. The double dissociation observed supports the hypothesis that the hippocampus and caudate nucleus are parts of systems that differ in the type of memory they mediate.
Relationship between retinal blood flow and arterial oxygen

Vascular reactivity, the response of the vessels to a vasoactive stimulus such as hypoxia and hyperoxia, can be used to assess the vascular range of adjustment in which the vessels are able to compensate for changes in PO2 . Previous studies in the retina have not accurately quantified retinal vascular responses and precisely targeted multiple PaO2 stimuli at the same time as controlling the level of carbon dioxide, thus precluding them from modelling the relationship between retinal blood flow and oxygen. The present study modelled the relationship between retinal blood flow and PaO2 , showing them to be a combined linear and hyperbolic function. This model demonstrates that the resting tonus of the vessels is at the mid‐point and that they have great vascular range of adjustment, compensating for decreases in oxygen above a P ETC O2 of 32–37 mmHg but being limited below this threshold.
Markers of bone turnover in relation to bone health

In recent years, there has been both an increasing awareness of, and interest in, bone health which has been combined with a recognition that nutritional factors may have an influential role in developing and maintaining bone status. In contrast to the situation approximately 15 years ago, when only 5 % of general practitioners acknowledged the occurrence of osteoporosis, this disorder of bone metabolism is now much more widely recognized. With 60 000 hip fractures resulting from osteoporosis each year in the UK alone, this debilitating disease has dramatic effects on society in both social and economic terms. It is important, therefore, that research defines more closely the mechanisms of bone loss that give rise to osteoporosis and the nutritional influences on these processes. The aim of the present paper is, first, to summarize the biochemical techniques currently available for assessing bone metabolism and, second, to review the current knowledge of nutritional influences on bone turnover using these markers.
CDC recommendations for a community plan for the prevention and containment of suicide clusters.

I. A community should review these recommendations and develop its own response before the onset of a suicide cluster. II. The response to the crisis should involve all concerned sectors of the community and should be coordinated by: A. Coordinating Committee, which manages the day-to-day response to the crisis, and B. Host Agency, whose responsibilities would include "housing" the plan, monitoring the incidence of suicide, and calling meetings of the Coordinating Committee when necessary. III. The relevant community resources should be identified. IV. The response plan should be implemented under either of the following two conditions: A.When a suicide cluster occurs in the community, or B.When one or more deaths from trauma occur in the community, especially among adolescents or young adults, which may potentially influence others to attempt or complete suicide.
Boosting Robustness of a Named Entity Recognizer

Since the Message Understanding Conferences on Information Extraction in the 80's and 90's, Named Entity ReCognition (NERC) is a well-established task in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) community. However, very different systems seem to perform very similarly when applied to the same corpus. In this paper, we present a state-of-the-art NERC system. This tool is a hybrid system, based on different resources and techniques. We then propose a protocol to "deconstruct" and evaluate the different components of a complex named entity recognition system. We examine the performance of such a system with learning capacities and reduced initial knowledge on medium-size unlabelled corpora.
Initial Experience With the Use of Porcine Acellular Dermal Matrix (Strattice) for Abdominal Wall Reinforcement After Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap Breast Reconstruction

Reestablishing anterior rectus fascial integrity remains a clinical challenge after transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap breast reconstruction. The main concerns include herniation and bulging due to abdominal weakness. Mesh-assisted closure of the fascial defect has improved bulging and herniation rates but infection, extrusion, and encapsulation are serious concerns with mesh use. Biologic tissue matrices may overcome some of these mesh-related complications. The initial experience of using Strattice for fascial closure after TRAM flap procedure is described in this article. Strattice was in-lain and sutured between the anterior and posterior layers of the rectus fascia, at the rectus muscle donor site. The abdominal wall was closed with progressive tension sutures. Postoperative complications at the donor site were assessed. A total of 16 unilateral and 9 bilateral reconstructions were performed in 25 patients. Length of hospital stay was 2 to 3 days which is shorter than with mesh repair (typically 4–5 days). During a mean follow-up period of 14.0 months, complications occurred in 7 patients (28%): seroma formation (2), minor skin separation (2), superficial skin infection (2), and superficial wound dehiscence (1). Complications were not directly related to Strattice and all, except one (superficial skin infection), were resolved without surgical intervention. In all patients, routine abdominal functions were restored 4 months postoperatively. Strattice is a safe, alternative option to synthetic mesh for fascial repair following TRAM flap breast reconstruction. When used in conjunction with progressive tension suture closure of the abdominal wall, dynamic reconstruction of the abdominal wall with resumption of abdominal function is possible with Strattice.
Pubertal Status and Emotional Reactivity to a Voluntary Hyperventilation Challenge Predicting Panic Symptoms and Somatic Complaints

The main and interactive effects of pubertal status and emotional reactivity to bodily sensations elicited by a voluntary hyperventilation challenge were examined in relation to panic symptoms and selfand parent-reported somatic complaints among 123 (56 females) adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 years (M age = 15.05; SD = 1.50). As expected, after controlling for baseline anxiety, age, and gender, there was a significant interaction between pubertal status and challenge response in predicting the outcome variables. Specifically, adolescents reporting more advanced pubertal status and greater reactivity to the challenge evidenced greater levels of panic symptoms and somatic complaints, whereas pubertal status had relatively less of an effect on these variables among adolescents who did not respond as fearfully to the challenge. Results are discussed in terms of extant theory and research on anxiety vulnerability among adolescents.
Rhodamine head labeled phospholipid in the identification nd characterization of membrane lipid phases

The organization of lipids and proteins into domains in cell membranes is currently an established subject within biomembrane research. Fluorescent probes have been used to detect and characterize these membrane lateral heterogeneities. However, a comprehensive understanding of the link between the probes’ fluorescence features and membrane lateral organization can only be achieved if their photophysical properties are thoroughly defined. In this work, a systematic characterization of N-(lyssamine Rhodamine B sulfonyl)-1,2-dioleoyl-sn-3-phosphatidylehanolamine (Rhod-DOPE) absorption and fluorescence behavior in gel, liquid-ordered (lo) and liquid-disordered (ld) model membranes was performed. In agreement with a previous study, it was found that Rhod-DOPE fluorescence lifetimes present a strong sensitivity to lipid phases, becoming significantly shorter in lo membranes as the probe membrane concentration increases. The sensitivity of Rhod-DOPE absorption and fluorescence properties to the membrane phase was further explored. In particular, the fluorescence lifetime sensitivity was shown luorescence to be a consequence of the enhanced Rhod-DOPE fluorescence dynamic self-quenching, due to the formation of probe-rich membrane domains in these condensed phases that cannot be considered as typical probe aggregates, as excitonic interaction is not observed. The highly efficient dynamic self-quenching was shown to be specific to lo phases, pointing to an important effect of membrane dipole potential in this process. Altogether, this work establishes how to use Rhod-DOPE fluorescence properties in the study of membrane lipid lateral heterogeneities, in particular cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts.
Clinicopathologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma in young patients

To investigate clinicopathologic characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in young adults, excised tumors from 21 patients younger than 45 years (young group) were compared with findings in tumors from 204 patients older than 45 (old group). in the young group HCC showed (1) a high incidence of positive hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) (young 71.4% versus old 20.1%); (2) relatively wellpreserved hepatocellular function (indocyanine green test; young 10.7 ± 8.8% versus old 20.6 ± 10.8%); (3) low incidence of histologically verified concomitant cirrhosis (young 52.4% versus old 78.4%); and (4) a more advanced stage of the disease in TNM classification (Stage III; young 52.4% versus old 18.1%). With respect to survival rates achieved by surgery, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Thus, hepatitis B virus may relate to the occurrence of HCC in the young patients. Despite the advanced stage in the young group, survival rate after surgery was comparable with that achieved in the old group. These observations mean that a close periodic surveillance of young adults with a positive HBsAg is required to detect HCC at an early stage. Treatment of patients with HBsAg using interferon or vidarabine and hepatitis B vaccine should be made to convert HBsAg to negative in these individuals.
The 2013 HIV Continuum of Care in Tennessee

Objectives: We measured patient engagement in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continuum of care in Tennessee after implementation of enhanced surveillance activities to assess progress toward 2015 statewide goals. We also examined subgroup disparities to identify groups at risk for poor outcomes. Methods: We estimated linkage to care, retention in care, and viral suppression among HIV-infected people in Tennessee in 2013, overall and by subgroup, after implementation of enhanced laboratory reporting, address verification, and death-matching procedures. Results: Of 792 people newly diagnosed with HIV infection in 2013, 632 (79.8%) were linked to care, close to the 2015 goal of ≥80%. Of 15 473 people living and diagnosed with HIV infection before 2013, 8458 (54.7%) were retained in care, approaching the 2015 goal of ≥64.0%. A total of 8640 (55.8%) were virally suppressed, surpassing the 2015 goal of ≥51.0%. Compared with people living and diagnosed with HIV infection before 2013, newly diagnosed people were more likely to be younger, male, non-Hispanic black, and men who have sex with men (MSM). For linkage to care, retention in care, and viral suppression, younger and non-Hispanic black people fared worse, whereas females and those enrolled in the Ryan White program fared better. For retention in care and viral suppression, Hispanic people, injection drug users, and East Tennessee residents fared worse than those in Memphis, whereas MSM fared better. Nashville residents fared worse in retention in care than Memphis residents. Conclusion: Tennessee’s HIV continuum of care in 2013 showed progress toward 2015 goals. Future efforts to improve the HIV continuum of care should be directed toward vulnerable groups and regions, particularly young, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic people; injection drug users; and residents of the East Tennessee and Nashville regions.
Formulation and Application of the Hierarchical Generalized Random-Situation Random-Weight MIRID

The process-component approach has become quite popular for examining many psychological concepts. A typical example is the model with internal restrictions on item difficulty (MIRID) described by Butter (1994) and Butter, De Boeck, and Verhelst (1998). This study proposes a hierarchical generalized random-situation random-weight MIRID. The proposed model is more flexible for formulating endogenous latent variables within a multilevel framework, allowing the analysis of polytomous data with complex models (e.g., including item discriminations, random situations, random weights, and heteroskedasticity). The parameters in the proposed model can be estimated using the computer program WinBUGS, which adopts Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms. To illustrate the application of the proposed model, a real data set about guilt is analyzed and a comparison of MIRIDs for various conditions is conducted.
Quality of life supersedes the classic prognosticators for long-term survival in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: an analysis of RTOG 9801.

PURPOSE To determine the added value of quality of life (QOL) as a prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) in patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group RTOG-9801. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred forty-three patients with stage II/IIIAB NSCLC received induction paclitaxel and carboplatin (PC) and then concurrent weekly PC and hyperfractionated radiation (to 69.6 Gy). Patients were randomly assigned to amifostine (AM) or no AM during chemoradiotherapy. The following pretreatment factors were analyzed as prognostic factors for OS: Karnofsky performance status, stage, sex, age, race, marital status, histology, tumor location, hemoglobin, tobacco use, treatment arm (AM v no AM) and QOL scores (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 [QLQ-C30] and Lung Cancer 13 [LC-13]). A multivariate (MVA) Cox proportional hazards model was performed using a backwards selection process. RESULTS Of the 239 analyzable patients, 91% had a baseline global QOL score. Median follow-up time was 59 months for patients still alive and 17 months for all patients. Median baseline QLQ-C30 global QOL score was 66.7 on both treatment arms. Whether the global QOL score was treated as a dichotomized variable (based on the median score) or a continuous variable, all other variables fell out of the MVA for OS. Patients with a global QOL score less than 66.7 had an approximately 70% higher rate of death than patients with scores > or = 66.7 (P = .004). A 10-point higher baseline global QOL score corresponded to a decrease in the hazard of death by approximately 10% (P = .004). The other independent QOL predictors for OS were the QLQ-C30 physical functioning (P = .011) and LC-13 dyspnea scores (P = .012). CONCLUSION In this analysis, baseline global QOL score replaced known prognostic factors as the sole predictor of long-term OS for patients with locally advanced NSCLC.
Breakthroughs and Views Protein prenylation : a pivotal posttranslational process q

The joining of the 15-carbon farnesyl group ðC15H25Þ and the 20-carbon geranylgeranyl group ðC20H33Þ to protein–cysteines at or near their carboxy-termini is catalyzed by protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) and protein geranylgeranyltransferase-I and II (GGTase-I and GGTase-II) [1]. The prenyltransferases are heterodimers consisting of aand b-subunits with combined molecular masses ranging from 91 to 98 kDa. The asubunits of FTase and GGTase-I are the same, and the b-subunits differ. The b-subunits of the three enzymes are homologous to the a-subunits and to each other. The overall reactions are shown by the following chemical equations: FPP þ HS-peptide ! farnesyl-S-peptide þ PP GGPP þ HS-peptide ! geranylgeranyl-S-acceptor þ PP
Keeping it Short and Sweet: Brief, Ungraded Writing Assignments Facilitate Learning

Can short, ungraded, free-writing assignments promote learning of course material? We randomly assigned introductory psychology recitation sections (N = 978 students) to writing or thinking conditions. For all sections, teaching assistants presented students with a discussion topic based in current coursework. Students either wrote or thought about the topic for 5 min. All sections then discussed the topic for approximately 10 min. Exams included questions related to the discussion topics. Students in the writing condition attended class more often and performed better on factual and conceptual multiple-choice exam questions than students in the thinking condition, even after controlling for measures of student quality. The results suggested that brief free writing improved factual and conceptual learning.
Document Analysis of Sports Literature for Individuals with Disabilities

A document analysis was conducted on published articles (data-based and review) relative to sports for individuals with disabilities. Data were directly compared to those published from a 10-year (1986 to 1996) document analysis by Reid and Prupas (1998). The current analysis consisted of the recent 10-year time period (2001 to 2011). Retrieved articles were assigned into one of eight categories. Reliability checks resulted in 90% for inter-rater and 93% for intra-rater agreement. The period 2001 to 2011 resulted in the greatest number of data-based articles published while the period 1986 to 1996 resulted in the greatest number of review articles published. Similarities and differences were discussed relative to the timeframes used as well as the method used to retrieve publications. Results were provided information for future research and writing in the area of sport for individuals with disabilities.
Cetuximab in third-line therapy of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A single institution experience.

PURPOSE Cetuximab, an IgG1 chimeric monoclonal antibody (MAB) against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has activity against metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC) that express EGFR. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of cetuximab administered to patients with EGFR-positive mCRC. METHODS 72 patients with wild-type KRAS mCRC were enrolled. All of them had previously been treated with a fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin and irinotecan-based chemotherapy. Patients received cetuximab as monotherapy or in combination with irinotecan-based chemotherapy. All patients were to be treated until the occurrence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. RESULTS All patients were evaluated for progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. The median PFS was 4.77 months (95% CI: 4.08-5.45), with an actuarial 47.22% without progression at 3 months and 16.67% at 6 months. The median OS was 11.35 months (95% CI: 9.64-13.06), with 79.17% of the patients being alive at 6 months and 30.56% at 12 months. PFS was significantly higher in patients with skin toxicity as compared to those without skin toxicity (5.31 vs 2.61 months, p<0.001) and with smaller number of metastatic organs vs greater number of metastatic organs (p=0.05). OS was significantly higher in patients with good performance status (p=0.004), with skin toxicity (p=0.013) and with smaller number of metastatic organs (p<0.001). Superior survival rates with higher grades of skin toxicity were noticed. As for patient characteristics, there were no significant differences in age, gender, and primary site localization. CONCLUSION Cetuximab improved PFS, OS and preserved the quality of life in patients with mCRC whose previous treatments had failed.