Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A quantitative model for doping contrast in the scanning electron microscope using calculated potential distributions and Monte Carlo simulations

This paper describes the use of a Monte Carlo model incorporating a finite-element method computing the electrostatic fields inside and outside a semiconductor, plus a ray-tracing algorithm for determining the doping contrast observed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This combined numerical method also enables the effects on the doping contrast of surface band-bending to be distinguished from those of external patch fields outside the specimen, as well as any applied macroscopic external fields from the detection system in the SEM. Good agreement of our new theory with experiment is obtained. The contrast characteristics in energy-filtered secondary electron images are also explained. The results of this work lead to a more advanced understanding of the doping contrast mechanisms, thereby enabling quantitative dopant profiling using the SEM.
Adaptive fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control of MIMO nonlinear uncertain systems

This article presents an integrated fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control (FTC) methodology for a class of nonlinear multi-input–multi-output systems. Based on the fault information obtained during the diagnostic procedure, an FTC component is designed to compensate for the effect of faults. In the presence of a fault, a baseline controller guarantees the boundedness of all the system signals until the fault is detected. After fault detection and then again after isolation, the controller is reconfigured to improve the tracking performance using online fault diagnostic information. Under certain assumptions, the stability and tracking performances of the closed-loop system are rigorously investigated. It is shown that the system signals always remain bounded and the output tracking error converges to a neighbourhood of the origin of the state space.
Numerical Solution of Output Feedback H-Constrained LQG Control Problem

In this paper, the output feedback Hinfin-constrained LQG control problem is investigated. The asymptotic structure along with the uniqueness and positive semidefiniteness of the solutions of the cross-coupled algebraic Riccati equations (CAREs) is newly established. The main purpose of this paper is to propose a new algorithm that is based on the Newton's method and the reduced-order algorithm for solving the CAREs. Particularly, it is noteworthy that the quadratic convergence under the appropriate initial condition and the reduction of the dimension for the matrix computation are both attained. As another important feature, when the disturbance attenuation level gamma is small, the successive algorithm for solving CAREs is given for the first time. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Intercostal nerve transfer to the biceps motor branch in complete traumatic brachial plexus injuries

The purpose of this report is to critically evaluate our results of two intercostal nerve transfers directly to the biceps motor branch in complete traumatic brachial plexus injuries. From January 2007 to November 2012, 19 patients were submitted to this type of surgery, but only 15 of them had a follow‐up for ≥2 years and were included in this report. The mean interval from trauma to surgery was 6.88 months (ranging from 3 to 9 months). Two intercostals nerves were dissected and transferred directly to the biceps motor branch. The mean follow‐up was 38.06 months (ranging from 24 to 62 months). Ten patients (66.6%) recovered an elbow flexion strength ≥M3. Four of them (26.66%) recovered a stronger elbow flexion ≥M4. One patient (6.25%) recovered an M2 elbow flexion and four patients (26.66%) did not regain any movement. We concluded that two intercostal nerve transfers to the biceps motor branch is a procedure with moderate results regarding elbow flexion recovery, but it is still one of the few options available in complete brachial plexus injuries, especially in five roots avulsion scenario. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:428–431, 2015.
Water and Waterborne Diseases: A Review

Despite numerous efforts by government at various levels and other agencies interested in water and its safety, waterborne diseases are still a major public health and environmental concern. The huge investment towards water research, although worth the spending, has not yielded the much expected result as waterborne diseases continue to plague developing countries with Africa and Asia having the worse hit. The unavailability of pipe-borne water and the dependence of rural dwellers on surface waters which are often contaminated with faecal materials are undoubtedly the major causes of the rising prevalence of waterborne diseases. Water availability and poor hygienic practices amongst these rural dwellers are also of paramount concern as they play significant roles in the spread of water-washed diseases. Also, poor environmental practice which encourages the breeding of insects and other forms of vectors within residential areas contribute to the increasing prevalence of waterborne diseases. This review focuses on waterborne diseases, its classification and the various methods employed in the bacteriological analysis of water.
Internal-External Control, Test Anxiety and Academic Achievement: Additional Data

This study examined the relationships between the internal-external control and test anxiety constructs, and academic achievement. 87 college students were administered the I-E scale, Achievement Anxiety Test and the Academic Internal-External Control Scale, the latter developed for this research. Analyses of variance indicated that Ss experiencing facilitating test anxiety had significantly higher grade-point averages than those experiencing debilitating test anxiety. The hypothesis that internals would be more successful academically than externals, was not supported.
Hospitalisation impacts on oral hygiene: an audit of oral hygiene in a metropolitan health service.

BACKGROUND Poor oral health has been associated with systemic diseases, morbidity and mortality. Many patients in hospital environments are physically compromised and rely upon awareness and assistance from health professionals for the maintenance or improvement of their oral health. This study aimed to identify whether common individual and environment factors associated with hospitalisation impacted on oral hygiene. METHODS Data were collected during point prevalence audits of patients in the acute and rehabilitation environments on three separate occasions. Data included demographic information, plaque score, presence of dental hygiene products, independence level and whether nurse assistance was documented in the health record. RESULTS Data were collected for 199 patients. A higher plaque score was associated with not having a toothbrush (p = 0.002), being male (p = 0.007), being acutely unwell (p = 0.025) and requiring nursing assistance for oral hygiene (p = 0.002). There was fair agreement between the documentation of requiring assistance for oral care and the patient independently able to perform oral hygiene (ICC = 0.22). CONCLUSION Oral hygiene was impacted by factors arising from hospitalisation, for those without a toothbrush and male patients of acute wards. Establishment of practices that increase awareness and promote good oral health should be prioritised.
Review: Tools for the tract: understanding the functionality of the gastrointestinal tract

The human gastrointestinal tract comprises a series of complex and dynamic organs ranging from the stomach to the distal colon, which harbor immense microbial assemblages that are known to be vital for human health. Until recently, most of the details concerning our gut microbiota remained obscure. Over the past several years, however, a number of crucial technological and conceptual innovations have been introduced to shed more light on the composition and functionality of human gut microbiota. Recently developed high throughput approaches, including next-generation sequencing technologies and phylogenetic microarrays targeting ribosomal RNA gene sequences, allow for comprehensive analysis of the diversity and dynamics of the gut microbiota composition. Nevertheless, most of the microbes especially in the human large intestine still remain uncultured, and the in situ functions of distinct groups of the gut microbiota are therefore largely unknown, but pivotal to the understanding of their role in human physiology. Apart from functional and metagenomics approaches, stable isotope probing is a promising tool to link the metabolic activity and diversity of microbial communities, including yet uncultured microbes, in a complex environment. Advancements in current stable isotope probing approaches integrated with the application of high-throughput diagnostic microarray-based phylogenetic profiling and metabolic flux analysis should facilitate the understanding of human microbial ecology and will enable the development of innovative strategies to treat or prevent intestinal diseases of as yet unknown etiology.
The Quality of Advanced Dementia Care in the Nursing Home: The Role of Special Care Units

Background:The quality of nursing home care for residents with advanced dementia has been described as suboptimal. One relatively understudied factor is the impact of special care units (SCUs) for dementia for residents at the end stage of this disease. Objective:To examine the association between residence in an SCU and the quality of end-of-life care for nursing home residents with advanced dementia. Research Design:This study used longitudinal data on 323 nursing home residents with advanced dementia living in 22 Boston-area facilities. Using multivariate methods, we analyzed the association between residence in an SCU and measures of quality of end-of-life care including: treatment of pain and dyspnea, prevalence of pressure ulcers, hospitalization, tube feeding, antipsychotic drug use, advance care planning, and health care proxy (HCP) satisfaction with care. Results:A total of 43.7% residents were cared for in an SCU. After multivariate adjustment, residents in SCUs were more likely to receive treatment for dyspnea, had fewer hospitalizations, were less likely to be tube fed, and more likely to have a do-not-hospitalize order, compared with non-SCU residents. However, non-SCU residents were more likely to be treated for pain, had fewer pressure ulcers, and less frequent use of antipsychotic drugs than SCU residents. HCPs of SCU residents reported greater satisfaction with care than HCPs of non-SCU residents. Conclusions:Residence in an SCU is associated with some, but not all, markers of better quality end-of-life care among nursing home residents with advanced dementia.
The lipid composition of tumour cells.

AMP + 2 phosphocreatine -+ ATP + 2 creatine. The conversion is not prevented as a result of treatment of the kinases with charcoal and Dowex 1 (CFform) to remove nucleotides. 2. It has been confirmed that neither creatine kinase nor adenylate kinase catalyses the direct phosphorylation of AMP by phosphocreatine. 3. It appears that reaction occurs because crystalline creatine kinase contains a sufficient amount ofATP, even after treatment with charcoal and Dowex 1, to prime an autocatalytic system consisting of these reactions:
Carotid intima media thickness evaluation by ultrasound comparison amongst healthy, diabetic and hypertensive Pakistani patients.

OBJECTIVE To compare carotid Intima media thickness and atherosclerosis burden amongst healthy, diabetic and hypertensive Pakistani patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of radiology and family medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi from April 2014 to July 2015. Bilateral carotid ultrasound was done in 133 healthy adults, 65 hypertensive, 31 type-2 diabetic and 37 hypertensive with type-2 diabetes patients. Normal adults were matched for age and gender. Mean intimal media thickness was measured for common and internal carotid arteries. Presence or absence of atherosclerotic plaque was also identified. Height, weight, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and other risk factors were also assessed. Ultrasound findings were compared between healthy and diseased patients through statistical tests. RESULTS A total of 266 patients participated (Controls=133, Hypertensive=65, Diabetic=31, and Diabetes with Hypertension=37). There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the four patients' groups for age (p>0.05) and gender (p>0.05). The mean carotid intima media thickenss of right common carotid artery was significantly higher in patients with diabetes along with hypertension as compared to the control group (p=0.03). For (RICA) Right Internal Carotid Artery, (LCCA) Left Common Carotid Artery and (LICA) Left Internal Carotid Artery, there was a significantly higher thickness among patients with hypertension as compared to the control group with p=0.011, p=0.002, and p=0.039 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Increased CIMT is most likely associated with underlying chronic diseases. Ultrasound is a non-invasive, easily available and useful modality for early detection and prevention of vascular atherosclerosis.
Male breast cancer; analysis of 58 cases in Shiraz, South of Iran.

INTRODUCTION male breast cancer (MBC) is very rare and accounts for less than one percent of all cancers in men. Because of the low incidence of MBC it has not attracted extensive studies. The current study is the first cohort of men with breast carcinoma reported in our country to date. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 58 MBC patients who had been treated at Shahid Faghihi Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, between 1990 and 2007. Data regarding general characteristics of patients including: age at time of diagnosis, family history of breast cancer, site, stage, size and location of tumor, histopathology of primary tumor, and treatment modalities (surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and hormone therapy) were obtained by reviewing medical records. RESULTS among 58 MBC patients included in current study, 98.3% of patients were presented with a palpable mass, while 22.4% had breast skin deformity, and 12.1% patients had breast discharge. The median age at time of diagnosis was 60 years (range, 34-84 years). Infiltrative ductal carcinoma was found in 96.2% of patients, insitu ductal carcinoma in 3.8% of patients. The histopathological diagnosis of 5 breast tumors was missed. 4.3% of tumors were diagnosed in stage 0, 10.6% in stage one, 74.5% in stage two, and 10.6% in stage three. Regional lymph node involvement were diagnosed in 20.7% of patients, and 15.5% patients had distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSION this study, in spite of limitations, suggests that the incidence of MBC is increasing, and men are diagnosed with later-stage disease than women. Therefore, MBC screening should become a part of female breast cancer registry system.
Vigilância de eventos adversos pós-vacinação e segurança de programas de imunização

O objetivo da revisao foi analisar aspectos conceituais e operacionais de sistemas de vigilância de eventos adversos pos-vacina. Foram incluidos artigos disponiveis em formato eletronico, publicados entre 1985 e 2009, selecionados nas bases Medline/PubMed, com as palavras-chave: "adverse events following vaccine", "adverse events following vaccine surveillance", "post-marketing surveillance" e "safety vaccine" e "Phase IV clinical trials", e excluidos aqueles com foco em tipos especificos desses eventos. Foram apontados os principais aspectos que justificam a importância dos eventos adversos pos-vacina em saude publica, os instrumentos que garantem a seguranca das vacinas e as finalidades, atributos, tipos, interpretacoes de dados, limitacoes e novos desafios da vigilância de eventos adversos pos-vacina, bem como estrategias para aumentar sua sensibilidade. A revisao e concluida com desafios para os proximos anos, visando a seguranca e confiabilidade dos programas de vacinacao.
Some relationships between intelligence and auditory discrimination.

Some of the earliest scientific attempts to understand the nature of intelligence investigated differences in sensory discrimination and reaction time. There is once again interest in the relations between such simple abilities and intelligence, partly as a result of the application of information-processing paradigms to the study of intelligence. Correlations in the range of . 3 to . 8 have been reported between psychometric measures of intelligence and performance on simple cognitive, sensory, and motor tasks. The current study reports correlations between scores on a battery of auditory discrimination tasks and measures of intelligence and academic aptitude in two samples of college students. The correlations between the intellectual and academic aptitude measures and the total percent correct on the auditory battery ranged from 45 to 59. These results are consistent with recent findings of significant relationships between simple sensory, cognitive, and motor abilities and psychometric intelligence as well as with much earlier reports by Spearman (1904) and others of relationships between pitch discrimination and intelligence. An implication of these findings is that intelligence is a potential confounding variable in studies of the auditory perceptual abilities of various clinical populations.
Assessment of climate change impact on water availability of bilate watershed, ethiopian rift valley basin

Nowadays climate change is expected to affect society in a number of ways ranging from food security to water resources. Water plays an important role in the socio-economic development of any society. Thus, this study mainly deals with assessing climate change impact on water availability of Bilate watershed, Ethiopian Rift Valley Basin. The watershed is situated in Ethiopian Rift Valley Basin and covers an area of about 3643 km2 in which Bilate river is the main river flowing throughout the year. To project the probable impact of climate change on the available water, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3) atmosphere-oceans Global circulation Model (GCM) was used since it is the only GCM model that has grid box containing the study area for Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM). The output of HadCM3 coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM model for the A2a and B2a Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) were used to produce future scenarios of precipitation and temperature. Climate change scenarios of precipitation and temperature were developed at two upper and lower stations of the watershed for three periods namely; 2020s (2011-2040), 2050s (2041-2070) and 2080s (2070-2099 and their respective changes were determined as deltas (for temperature) and as percentages (for precipitation) from the base period values. The future climate variable such as daily precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature found as an output from the GCM model and downscaled by the SDSM model and the likely change in land use were given directly as an input to the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The SWAT simulation of future average annual flow shows a decreasing trend in 2011-2040 periods and an increasing trend in 2041-2070 periods. The average total annual flow at outlet of the watershed might decrease up to 3.7% for A2a scenario and 1.5% for B2a scenario for the 2011-2040 periods but for 2041-2070 periods it might increase up to 2.6% for A2a scenario and 3.7% for B2a scenario. The decrease in the future flow of 2011-2040 periods might be insufficient in some months to meet future demands for water of the ever increasing population with in and around the watershed. Adopting water storage options to store the excess water flowing during the rainy period is crucial.
Status epilepticus in children: a five-year experience at Aga Khan University Hospital.

OBJECTIVE Status epilepticus is an under diagnosed entity in Pakistan. It is a potentially reversible condition but has a high mortality, if it is not recognized and managed on time. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical profile and the relationship of mortality of status epilepticus with its known risk factors. METHODS This was a retrospective study. Medical records of all the patients admitted in the last five years (1998-2002) with a diagnosis of status epilepticus (ICDcode 345.30, 345.31) were reviewed. Data was recorded on a Performa and analyzed by using the statistical programme SPSS, chi square and Fischer exact test. RESULTS The total number of patients were twenty-four. Sixteen patients were males (66.7%). Mean age was fifty-eight months and mean duration of hospital stay 5.5 days (range 2 to 22days). Eight patients were diagnosed to have epilepsy. Four (16.7%) had a previous history of status epilepticus. Three patients presented with status epilepticus for the first time without any previous history of seizures. Ten patients required midazolam infusion (41.7%) and out of these 3 (12.5%) were also given thiopentone infusion to control the seizures. Nine patients were shifted to the ICU for ventilation and control of seizures. Mortality in our study was 25%. Risk factors for mortality included age less than or equal to one year, abnormal MRI, type of the status epilepticus and the total duration of status epilepticus. No significant relationship was found with any of the known risk factors CONCLUSION Status epilepticus is a neurological emergency. A very high mortality was seen in our study. No risk factors were identified for this high mortality.
Microstrip Monopole Antenna With Enhanced Bandwidth Using Defected Ground Structure

In this letter, a double U-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed to broaden impedance bandwidth of a microstrip-fed monopole antenna. The antenna structure consists of a simple trapezoid monopole with a DGS microstrip feedline for excitation and impedance bandwidth broadening. Measurement shows that the antenna has 10-dB return loss from 790 to 2060 MHz, yielding 112.4% impedance bandwidth improvement over that of traditional design.
Tipos de violencia en el noviazgo: estudiantes universitarias de la UAEM, Zumpango

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito identificar si existe violencia inmersa en las relaciones de noviazgo de las estudiantes del Centro Universitario UAEM Zumpango, de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Por ello se aplicó a 100 estudiantes un instrumento de 78 preguntas, creado por Delgadillo y adaptado para población universitaria. La prueba está conformada por cuatro áreas: violencia económica, violencia psicológica, violencia física y violencia sexual. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el 92 % de las participantes reconoció indicios de violencia psicológica en la inmediata relación pasada o en la que actualmente mantenían. Así mismo, derivado de un Anova one way, la violencia psicológica es la predominante en las relaciones de pareja que establecen las alumnas de las carreras de Enfermería, Psicología, Turismo y Derecho. Cabe señalar que la violencia psicológica casi siempre está acompañada de otro tipo de violencia, por ejemplo el 34 % de las mujeres universitarias manifestaron vivir episodios de violencia psicológica combinada con alguno de los otros tipos de violencia (física, económica y sexual). El 31 % reconoció elementos de tres tipos de violencia en su relación. La combinación más recurrente fue: psicológica, económica y física. Un 12 % se situó en una relación con los cuatro tipos de violencia presentes y solo un 2 % no vislumbró ningún indicio de violencia en su relación.