Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applications of Circulation Control , Yesterday and Today

Circulation control, an aerodynamic method of changing the properties of an airfoil, such as lift, camber and angle of attack, has been used in several unique ways since its inception, as an enhancement to fixed wing aircraft, in the 1960’s. Early in the research venture, this technology was used on the main wing of an aircraft in conjunction with a Coandă surface, such as a rounded trailing edge or a deployable flap. Research during this time proved to be the foundation of the circulation control technology and showed that small amounts of exit jet velocity could have a large impact on the aerodynamics of an airfoil. In the 1970’s the inspirations that drove circulation control research changed from design work to optimization of the parameters which were found to have the most effect on circulation control. These studies included slot placement, favorable momentum coefficient, and pressurization benefits and determents. This research period also allowed for expansion of the uses of circulation control to submarine/hydrodynamic and rotary wing applications. Newest research has brought on several propeller driven applications and the recent push for efficient renewable research has allowed circulation control research technologies to evolve into use in wind turbine and water turbine applications. The idea being that with circulation control the turbine can adapt easier to the changing wind velocity and direction and ultimately capture more power than an un-augmented turbine. As with most new and novel technologies there is a process and time delay associated with their development and ultimate application. For some technologies the market, or the supporting hardware, are lacking and sometimes the technology has strong advocacies for yet to be fulfilled expectations. In most of these cases a strong idea will re-surface repeatedly until the art has matured, or the better solution is found. This Jonathan Kweder, Chad C. Panther & James E. Smith International Journal of Engineering, (IJE) Volume (4): Issue (5) 412 paper will focus on the previously developed circulation control research, from its beginnings, as used on fixed wing aircraft, following the progression, as this technology evolved through the past five decades, to its now more widely considered potential.
Monetary policy transmission on the yield curve in China during the financial Crisis

With the gradual liberalization of the Chinese financial system, the interbank bond market is playing an increasing role in macro management, fund allocation and risk management. The objective of this paper is to help understanding the mechanisms and the efficiency of monetary policy transmission in China via the management of expectations reflected in the term structure of interest rates. However, the conduct of monetary policy significantly differs from the one in developed countries, in its use of a mixture of priceand quantity-based instruments. The transmission mechanisms are quantified through an EGARCH model focusing on the recent global financial crisis. Indeed, the 2006-2011 period allows us to evaluate how changes in the monetary policy stance transmit across the yield curve according to the business cycle. Results show that bond yields are most sensitive to changes in the benchmark deposit interest rate, also respond to changes in the announced reserve requirements, but are not particularly reactive to open market operations. However, results show differences in the ability of each instrument to affect the term structure of interest rates, depending on the monetary policy stance and the macroeconomic situation in China.
A tetraspanin gene regulating auxin response and affecting orchid perianth size and various plant developmental processes

Abstract The competition between L (lip) and SP (sepal/petal) complexes in P‐code model determines the identity of complex perianth patterns in orchids. Orchid tetraspanin gene Auxin Activation Factor (AAF) orthologs, whose expression strongly correlated with the expansion and size of the perianth after P code established, were identified. Virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) of OAGL6‐2 in L complex resulted in smaller lips and the down‐regulation of Oncidium OnAAF. VIGS of PeMADS9 in L complex resulted in the enlarged lips and up‐regulation of Phalaenopsis PaAAF. Furthermore, the larger size of Phalaenopsis variety flowers was associated with higher PaAAF expression, larger and more cells in the perianth. Thus, a rule is established that whenever bigger perianth organs are made in orchids, higher OnAAF/PaAAF expression is observed after their identities are determined by P‐code complexes. Ectopic expression Arabidopsis AtAAF significantly increased the size of flower organs by promoting cell expansion in transgenic Arabidopsis due to the enhancement of the efficiency of the auxin response and the subsequent suppression of the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes (DAD1/OPR3) and BIGPETAL gene during late flower development. In addition, auxin‐controlled phenotypes, such as indehiscent anthers, enhanced drought tolerance, and increased lateral root formation, were also observed in 35S::AtAAF plants. Furthermore, 35S::AtAAF root tips maintained gravitropism during auxin treatment. In contrast, the opposite phenotype was observed in palmitoylation‐deficient AtAAF mutants. Our data demonstrate an interaction between the tetraspanin AAF and auxin/JA that regulates the size of flower organs and impacts various developmental processes.
Time trend analysis of breast cancer in Iran and its six topographical regions: a population-based study

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and in 2002 it was expected that 636,000 new cases would occur in developed countries and 514,000 in developing countries. Although the incidence rate of this cancer in Asian countries is lower than in Western countries, whereas the incidence trend increasing rapidly in Asia. Using the data from the Cancer Registry System, this study was carried out to investigate the incidence trend during 2000–2005 in Iran and its six geographical areas. The incidence rates were standardized according to age-sex groups by Excel directly and confidence intervals is calculated for the point estimations by Stata11. The trends were analyzed separately based on gender, age groups for different provinces by Poisson regression in Stata11. The age standardized incidence rate in 2000 was 0.1 and 3.4 per 100,000 in males and females, respectively, reaching 0.5 and 16.7 per 100,000 in 2005. The incidence trends in all geographical areas of the country were increased despite the difference in the slopes. The sex ratio of male to female was 31.6 and the mean age of the patients was 49.4 (±12.6) years. The incidence of breast cancer in Iran was lower than the European and Asian countries but the trend is in rising. Although this increase is due to the increase in the prevalence of risk factors among Iranian population. Improvement in the coverage of the cancer registry system as well as the screening programs are important factors for these changes.
Colon biopsies: benefit or burden?

Analyzing colon biopsies is becoming time consuming and a financial burden as colonoscopy is now the main screening and diagnostic procedure of the main gastrointestinal diseases. Colon sampling can provide important information when used accordingly; otherwise it may only load the medical system unnecessarily. Our aim was to retrospectively analyze criteria for colon biopsies and correlate the diagnostic value of randomly sampling colon, especially in patients with diarrhea. This was a retrospective study on 2109 colonoscopies done over one year. Data was collected from the ENDORAD system and included variables such as: age, gender, quality of preparation, procedure, symptoms, biopsies (type, location), and endoscopy and histology findings. Data was analyzed in a descriptive manner. Out of 496 random biopsies, only 7.4% had positive histology findings. The main symptom was diarrhea and 186 cases of patients complaining of diarrhea with normal colonoscopy had random colon sampling. In 5.3% of these cases histology assessment showed changes of microscopic colitis. Fisher’s test was significant when correlating the odds of having random biopsies in patients with and without diarrhea and patients younger and older than 60. Random sampling of colon during colonoscopies should be done only in selected patients otherwise it has a low diagnostic value.
Understanding the Elephant: The Discourse Approach to Boundary Identification and Corpus Construction for Theory Review Articles

The goal of a review article is to present the current state of knowledge in a research area. Two important initial steps in writing a review article are boundary identification (identifying a body of potentially relevant past research) and corpus construction (selecting research manuscripts to include in the review). We present a theory-as-discourse approach, which (1) creates a theory ecosystem of potentially relevant prior research using a citation-network approach to boundary identification; and (2) identifies manuscripts for consideration using machine learning or random selection. We demonstrate an instantiation of the theory as discourse approach through a proof-of-concept, which we call the automated detection of implicit theory (ADIT) technique. ADIT improves performance over the conventional approach as practiced in past technology acceptance model reviews (i.e., keyword search, sometimes manual citation chaining); it identifies a set of research manuscripts that is more comprehensive and at least as precise. Our analysis shows that the conventional approach failed to identify a majority of past research. Like the three blind men examining the elephant, the conventional approach distorts the totality of the phenomenon. ADIT also enables researchers to statistically estimate the number of relevant manuscripts that were excluded from the resulting review article, thus enabling an assessment of the review article’s representativeness.
Voice assistants and older people: some open issues

Voice Assistants (VAs) like Amazon Echo and Apple Siri are an increasingly popular way of interacting with a range of applications. VAs are also currently gaining traction in the HCI community. Yet, and despite a growing ageing population, work on VAs with older people is scant. In this CUI 2019 provocative paper we aim to encourage research on VAs with and for older people (aged 65+). We outline several important open issues to address when researching this population, such as perceptions and barriers to VAs use, aspects of Conversational User Experience tied to VAs response design, and anthropomorphic design. We also raise some 'provocative' and yet-to-be-addressed research questions, hoping to operationalize the issues discussed and spark debate and discussion about them during and after CUI 2019.
Renewal processes, population dynamics, and unimodular trees

Abstract Based on a simple object, an i.i. d. sequence of positive integer-valued random variables {an}n∊ℤ, we introduce and study two random structures and their connections. First, a population dynamics, in which each individual is born at time n and dies at time n + an. This dynamics is that of a D/GI/∞ queue, with arrivals at integer times and service times given by {an}n∊ℤ. Second, the directed random graph Tf on ℤ generated by the random map f(n) = n + an. Assuming only that E [a0] < ∞ and P [a0 = 1] > 0, we show that, in steady state, the population dynamics is regenerative, with one individual alive at each regeneration epoch. We identify a unimodular structure in this dynamics. More precisely, Tf is a unimodular directed tree, in which f(n) is the parent of n. This tree has a unique bi-infinite path. Moreover, Tf splits the integers into two categories: ephemeral integers, with a finite number of descendants of all degrees, and successful integers, with an infinite number. Each regeneration epoch is a successful individual such that all integers less than it are its descendants of some order. Ephemeral, successful, and regeneration integers form stationary and mixing point processes on ℤ.
Can preoperative haemoglobin concentration and patients’ age predict American Society of Anesthesiologists’ scores?

Introduction The latest version of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score approved by the ASA House of Delegates in 2014 is used preoperatively to assess patients’ physical status (PS) before administration of anaesthesia and surgery. The ASA score does not take into consideration the patients’ age, gender or results of laboratory investigations. This study was to determine any relationship between preoperative haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, age and ASA scores. Materials and Methods Clinical records of 205 patients who had elective surgeries in a tertiary hospital for more than a period of six months were analysed for patients’ ages, gender, Hb concentrations and ASA scores, retrospectively. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20.0 with level of significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Results There were 205 patients who had surgeries during the period under review with females making up 110 (53.7%). The mean Hb and ages were 12.0 ± 1.7 g/dl and 32.2 ± 19.0 years, respectively. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) ASA-PS score was 2 (0). Most of the patients were anaemic (N = 105, 51.2%), whereas 12 (5.9%) were ≥65 years. The distribution of ASA-PS scores varied significantly across age categories (KWH statistic = 25.313, df = 4, P = <0.001). Post hoc analyses revealed that ≥65-year-olds had comparable ASA-PS scores to the ≤1 year category but higher scores compared to the 2–12-, 13–18- and 19–64-years categories. Anaemic patients had higher mean rank ASA-PS scores compared to those without anaemia (111.50 vs. 94.07, MWU statistic = 4357.000, P = 0.013). Spearman correlation analyses for ASA/Hb and ASA/age were ρ = –0.161, P = 0.021 and ρ = 0.257, P = <0.001, respectively. Multiple ordinal regression analyses to predict ASA-PS scores from Hb and age were negative with Hb (estimate = –0.261, P = 0.004) but positive with age (estimate = 0.036, P = <0.001). Conclusion Higher preoperative Hb is associated with lower ASA-PS score; older patients are more likely to have higher ASA-PS scores.
Knowledge and use of isotretinoin in Saudi female college students: Cross -sectional study

Background: The most effective treatment for severe acne is isotretinoin. However, it carries major side effects, such as teratogenicity, depression, and increased lipid profiles. It is advised to monitor the lipid profile and to use two forms of contraception during isotretinoin use. Although it is commonly prescribed, little data are available regarding patients' understanding of isotretinoin. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess Saudi female college students' knowledge about isotretinoin use and side effects. Methods: Data were collected by a validated online questionnaire disseminated through social media, allowing the collection of information from students from different regions of the country. Results: The total number of responses was 622. The majority of respondents were 18–24 years old, single, and college students; all were female. About 48.6% (282) of the sample used isotretinoin. Most had good knowledge of isotretinoin side effects. Medical students were more knowledgeable than students of other majors, and users were more knowledgeable than nonusers. The most common side effect was dryness. Use among married females was 2.8%, the majority of whom were instructed by their physicians to use only one method of contraception. One respondent got pregnant while using the drug. Conclusion: College-aged females generally have good knowledge of isotretinoin and its side effects. However, awareness about proper contraceptive use while on the drug is lacking.
Shear bond strength of metal and ceramic brackets using conventional acid etch/primer and self-etch primer

Aims: The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate shear bond strength (SBS) of metal and ceramic brackets using conventional acid etch/primer and self-etch primer (SEP) adhesive systems. Methodology: Healthy, extracted 120 human premolar teeth were collected and were divided into group 1 – teeth bonded with metal brackets and group 2 – teeth bonded with ceramic brackets. These two groups were further subdivided: subgroup 1a – 30 metal brackets bonded using conventional acid etch/primer adhesive system, subgroup 1b – 30 metal brackets bonded using SEP, subgroup 2a – 30 ceramic brackets bonded using conventional acid etch/primer adhesive system, and subgroup 2b – 30 ceramic bracket bonded using SEP; brackets were debonded using a computerized universal Instron Testing Machine and the teeth were examined under ×10 magnification for adhesive remnants and scored according to modified adhesive remnant index (ARI). Results: The mean SBS of metal and ceramic brackets bonded using conventional acid etch/primer adhesive system showed higher bond strength than those bonded using SEP. Bond strength ranged from 7.25 to 12.23 MPa which was in the acceptable clinical range. Modified ARI scores calculated showed varied results. Conclusion: SBS values of all four subgroups exceeded the range of 6–8 MPa considered to be suitable for routine clinical use.
A pilot point prevalence study of antimicrobial drugs in indoor patients of a teaching hospital in Central India

Aim: To evaluate the point prevalence of antimicrobial drug use by using point prevalence survey method. Methodology: A cross-sectional point prevalence study was done on patients admitted in AIIMS Bhopal hospital. This study included all inpatients receiving an antimicrobial that were on the ward at 8 AM on a specific day in May 2018. Information regarding age, gender, occupation, income group, diagnosis, patient's present/past medical history, treatment, any adverse drug reactions, and investigations are recorded in a pro forma. Results: A total of 77 patients (31.95%) were included out of total 241 patients who received at least one antimicrobial. Of patients who received at least one antimicrobial, diagnosis was mentioned in 83.11% of prescriptions. Targeted treatment was given to 10.38% of patients. Reasons for antimicrobial were recorded in 12.98% of patients. Most common healthcare infection recorded was catheter-associated urinary tract infections followed by postoperative surgical site infections. Penicillin with beta lactamase inhibitors was most commonly prescribed antibiotic group followed by third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Stop or review date was recorded in 19.48% of patients. Parenteral administration was given to 30.55% of patients. Compliance to guidelines was followed in 64.11% of patients. Local antibiotic guideline and antibiogram were available in hospital. Biomarkers were utilized in 9.77% of patients to guide the choice of therapy. Conclusion: Availability of antibiotic policy, antibiogram, local antibiotic guidelines, drugs, and therapeutic committee were some of the encouraging findings. Diagnosis was mentioned in majority of prescriptions. Most patients were prescribed oral antimicrobial drugs, which can reduce complications with parenteral route. Underutilizations of microbiological facilities, prolonged use of antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis, and polypharmacy were areas of concern.
Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast misdiagnosed as metaplastic carcinoma in a 64-year-old female: A case report and review of literature

Adenomyoepithelioma (AME) of the breast is a benign and indolent biphasic rare neoplasm characterized by dual proliferation of glandular and myoepithelial elements, which have propensity for local recurrences and malignant transformations. AME tumors are easily recognized in an excised biopsy, but it is more difficult to make a definitive diagnosis with core needle or limited biopsy because of morphologic heterogeneity. In these biopsies, diagnosis may be mistaken for invasive carcinoma most probably metaplastic carcinoma/carcinosarcoma or invasive ductal carcinoma. This article aims to highlight the diagnostic challenge of AME on core nipple biopsy or challenges encounter in inadequate sampling of the lesion, its recurrence potential, and rarity of this neoplasm in literature. We report a case of AME in the breast formerly diagnosed as an invasive ductal and metaplastic carcinoma on limited biopsies at different times and in different hospitals.
Prevalence and risk indicators of oral mucosal lesions in adult population visiting primary health centers and community health centers in Kodagu district

Background and Objective: Utilization of primary health center (PHC) and community health center (CHC) could be one of the few practical approaches in early detection of oral cancers and potentially malignant disorder (PMD). This study was designed to estimate the prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesion (OML) and its associated risk factors among the adult population of Kodagu district. Methodology: 1048 patients, 18 years of age and above, attending the outpatient department of PHC and CHC in Kodagu district comprised the study population. The World Health Organization Oral Health Assessment Form, cinical examination, and demographic factors were recorded using a proforma. Chi-square test and contingency coefficient and logistic regression were applied to check statistical differences. Results: The overall prevalence of OML was found to be 18.89%. Prevalence of PMD was 5.63%. Prevalence of PMD was highest among the elementary occupation (15.63%). Two cases of oral cancer were identified. There was a significant association of PMD with the age group of 41–60 years. Leukoplakia was strongly associated with male gender [odds ratio (OR) 2.83, P < 0.001]. Smoking and chewing were significant risk factors associated with leukoplakia (OR 11.05, P < 0.001) and oral submucous fibrosis (OR 4.63, P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of OML in the study population was 18.89%. A high prevalence of PMD in the population could be attributed to the associated risk factors such as smoking, chewing habits, and alcohol use. Utilization of PHC and CHC could be a useful strategy to detect previously undiagnosed OML including PMD and cancerous lesions among the population.
Prevalence and pattern of medical disorders in pregnancy at the time of delivery at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria

Objective To determine the prevalence and pattern of various medical conditions in pregnancy and also determine their impact on fetal and maternal outcome. Study Design A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted using labor ward data obtained over a period of 5 years (2013–2017). All women delivered at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria, with or without medical condition complicating pregnancy at the time of admission to labor ward were included in the study. Their sociodemographic parameters, nature of medical condition, fetal weight, fetal outcome, APGAR scores, and maternal outcome were extracted from the delivery register. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23. Results The prevalence of medical conditions complicating pregnancy was found to be 24.5%. The five commonest medical conditions complicating pregnancy are hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, sickle cell disease, diabetes mellitus, and hepatitis. The trend has remained relatively constant in the last 5 years. Maternal mortality rate in affected women was 0.4% compared to 0.3% for women without medical disorder in pregnancy, p = 0.298; while perinatal mortality rate was 6.4 and 7.1%, respectively, p = 0.850. Conclusion Despite the high prevalence of medical disorders in pregnancy, which puts pregnancy at high risk, the maternal and perinatal outcome is comparable to that of women without any medical disorder complicating pregnancy if managed in a tertiary hospital with adequate facility for emergency obstetric care and good neonatal facility.