Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SHINING, A Survey of Far-infrared Lines in Nearby Galaxies. II. Line-deficit Models, AGN Impact, [C ii]–SFR Scaling Relations, and Mass–Metallicity Relation in (U)LIRGs

The SHINING survey offers a great opportunity to study the properties of the ionized and neutral media of galaxies from prototypical starbursts and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to heavily obscured objects. Based on Herschel/PACS observations of the main far-infrared (FIR) fine-structure lines, in this paper, we analyze the physical mechanisms behind the observed line deficits in galaxies, the apparent offset of luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) from the mass–metallicity relation, and the scaling relations between [C ii] 158 μm line emission and star formation rate (SFR). Based on a toy model and the Cloudy code, we conclude that the increase in the ionization parameter with FIR surface brightness can explain the observed decrease in the line-to-FIR continuum ratio of galaxies. In the case of the [C ii] line, the increase in the ionization parameter is accompanied by a reduction in the photoelectric heating efficiency and the inability of the line to track the increase in the FUV radiation field as galaxies become more compact and luminous. In the central approximately kiloparsec regions of AGN galaxies, we observe a significant increase in the [O i] 63 μm/[C ii] line ratio; the AGN impact on the line-to-FIR ratios fades on global scales. Based on extinction-insensitive metallicity measurements of LIRGs, we confirm that they lie below the mass–metallicity relation, but the offset is smaller than those reported in studies that use optical-based metal abundances. Finally, we present scaling relations between [C ii] emission and SFR in the context of the main sequence of star-forming galaxies.
Investor sensitivity to stock analyst recommendations’ revisions, comparing the United States and Germany

The effect and information value of stock recommendations have been extensively studied in previous literature with only marginal research being directed towards the behavioral workings of analyst’ stock recommendations. This thesis combines the standard finance theory with the relatively newer behavioral finance theory to determine the sensitivity of investors towards stock recommendations in the United States and Germany. This thesis shows that investors in Germany are more influenced by negative recommendation revisions than by positive recommendation revisions. The reverse holds true for investors from the United States. Furthermore, the results on investor sensitivity to recommendation revisions indicate that investors in the United States are more sensitive to positive recommendation than investors in Germany while the latter is more sensitive to negative recommendation revisions than the former. Lastly, evidence is found on the reputation hypothesis of analysts from the United States regarding stock recommendation upgrades in Germany. No evidence is found for the reputation hypothesis in the case of stock recommendation downgrades in Germany. JEL Classification: G02, G14.
An Empirical Comparison of Two Agile Projects in the Same Organization

The appearance of Agile methods has been the most noticeable change to software process thinking in the last fifteen years[1]. The main goal of this research is to investigate the quality of Agile projects empirically, in order to help software development organizations increase their understanding of Agile methods, principles and practices. This paper presents a multi-case study that was conducted using semi-structured interviews with two project teams that are using Agile methods within one organization. Our data was analyzed using the constant comparison method. The results are presented to illustrate how the teams adopted Agile methods and a comparison between the two projects is provided. From this it can be concluded that both projects were successful with multiple releases, the quality is generally seem to be as good as other projects in the same organization, the time release is reduced, and the differences between the two projects in terms of communication, the iteration length and the approach to quality, may result from the different team sizes.
Effects of grazing on plant species diversity and above ground biomass in a Trans- Himalayan Rangeland

Limited information is available on the species composition, above ground biomass and its relations to grazing in a trans-Himalayan rangeland. Its assessment is essential for long term conservation and management. In the present study, we compared species composition, phenology, diversity index and biomass between controlled (without grazing) and open (free grazing) plots to assess the effects of grazing in the selected experimental sites of Upper Mustang during July and November 2005. Species encountered were classified as high, medium, low and non palatable and in three life form categories-grasses, shrubs and forbs. The experimental sites are dominated by forbs (80%) followed by grasses (15%) and shrubs (5%). Disturbance caused by grazing affects the phenological characteristics of the plant community. Result also reveals that species diversity, maximum possible diversity, evenness and species richness was higher in the grazed plots during July and November. A comparison of the aboveground biomass in July showed that mean percentage biomass of high, medium and low palatable species is higher in ungrazed plots. In November, the percentage biomass of only medium palatable species was higher in ungrazed plots and rest of the category is higher in grazed plots. Significant difference in July, a peak growing seasons for most of the plant species in the region reveals that the pasture has impact of livestock grazing. Keywords: Biomass, diversity, grazing effect, rangeland, species Banko Janakari: A journal of forestry information for Nepal Vol.17(1) 2007 pp.25-31
The Influence of Price and Non- Price Factors an Acreage Response Of Maize in Iraq

This study was conducted to analyses the acreage response of maize with respect to ‎ price and ‎ non-price factors in Iraq. The time-series data for the period of 30 years (1986- ‎‎ 2015) ‎ pertaining to, maize area, maize price, maize production, rainfall were collected from ‎ various ‎ published sources. Nerlovian adjustment lag model and Ordinary Least square ‎ Regression ‎‎ (OLS) technique of estimation was employed for analyzing acreage response of ‎ maize. The ‎ model explained more than 98 percent of the variation in the dependent variable. ‎ The ‎ expected maize price was found to be positive and statistically significant. The ‎ regression ‎ coefficients for the lag price, production under maize in lagged year, rainfall and ‎ lag maize ‎ land also appeared significant. Therefore, these factors were found to be an ‎ important variable ‎ influencing farmer’s decision on acreage allocation. Small area adjustment ‎ coefficient (0.44) revealed the low rate of farmers’ ‎ area adjustment to the desired level ‎ because of more institutional and technological ‎ constraints. Based upon the findings of this ‎ study, it can be concluded that farmers allocate ‎ land to maize crop mainly based on crop price ‎ and their previous allocation. ‎ .
Preparation and Characterization of a Tumor-Targeting Dual-Image System Based on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Functionalized with Folic Acid and Rhodamine

Cancer is one of the diseases with most deaths worldwide, around 8.2 million annually. For this reason, several treatments and diagnostic tools have been investigated and developed over the past decades. Among them, a dual-image system has been developed to achieve and enhance the detection of cancer, which has not been done with systems currently available. The present study describes the preparation of a dual-image targeting system composed of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid and rhodamine; nanoparticles synthesis was achieved by a coprecipitation method; the functionalization was carried out by a carbodiimide with folic acid and/or the rhodamine isothiocyanate; conjugates were characterized by spectrometric techniques; toxicity was measured by cell proliferation assay on HeLa cells using progressive concentrations of functionalized nanoparticles. Cellular uptake assay was carried out by competitive assay on HeLa cells. Iron oxide magnetite nanoparticles, modified with folic acid and rhodamine, were successfully synthetized with a particle size lower than 20 nm (TEM), EDS, HRTEM, and XDR showed highly crystalline Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Folic acid and rhodamine were conjugated with high efficiency. A significant selectivity and uptake, facilitated by surface modification of iron oxide nanoparticles with folic acid, were demonstrated. The multifunctional system showed suitable physicochemical and biological properties for cell targeting through folate receptors.
Mattress Making Using Typha latifolia and Cyprus Species of Chefa Wetland in Kemissie, Ethiopia: A Means for Livelihood Improvement

The survey was conducted in May 2012 at Amrach and Santie villages in Kemissie. The objectives of the study were to assess challenges and opportunities of people involved in mattress production and their level of knowledge for sustainable utilization of Typha latifolia and Cyprus species from Chefa wetland. The villages were selected purposely and a total of 60 households were selected for interview randomly, 30 from each villages. In addition to questionnaires Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA) was used. The average age of mattress makers were 37 and 31 at Amrach and Santie respectively. Majority of the mattress makers, 76.7% at Amrach and 60% at Santie were female that indicate the profession has significant contribution for livelihood especially for women. The average monthly production of mattress at Amrach was higher (86) than Santie (23) because most of the people involved in mattress production at Amrach have no other livelihood means unlike the people at Santie. The average net income from mattress was 928 and 227 for Amrach and Santie respectively. There is high demand for mattress market at Kemissie, Dessie and Haik, however there is shortage of these raw materials, Typha latifolia and Cyprus species used for making mattress due to the presence of high demand by different stakeholders, pastoralists specially in dry season used as feed for their animals, making their shelter, the local people used for ceremonial purpose and making shelter. As the result the people involved in mattress production are forced to go more than 10 kilo meter per day to collect these plants and hence produce less mattresses per month and hence low income. Therefore awareness creation training should be given for stakeholders to promote sustainable utilization of these plants collected from Chefa wetland and improving income of mattress makers.
Transition to Mach reflexion of shock waves in steady and pseudosteady flow with and without relaxation

Experiments were conducted in the free-piston shock tube and shock tunnel with dissociating nitrogen and carbon dioxide, ionizing argon and frozen argon to measure the transition condition in pseudosteady and steady flow. The transition condition in the steady flow, in which the wall was eliminated by symmetry, agrees with the calculated von Neumann condition. In the real gases this calculation assumed thermo-dynamic equilibrium after the reflected shock. In the pseudosteady flow of reflexion from a wedge the measured transition angle lies on the Mach-reflexion side of the calculated detachment condition by an amount which may be explained in terms of the displacement effect of the boundary layer on the wedge surface. A single criterion based on the availability of a length scale at the reflexion point explains the difference between the pseudosteady and steady flow transition condition and predicts a hysteresis effect in the transition angle when the shock angle is varied during steady flow. No significant effects on the transition condition due to finite relaxation length could be detected. However, new experiments in which interesting relaxation effects should be evident are suggested.
Modified Three-Parameter Power Model to Predict Moment-Rotation Curve of Top- and Seat-Angle Connection

This study conducted on improving three-parameter power model [1] to estimate ultimate moment of connections based on the failure mechanisms developed by more practical means and finally, to predict moment-rotation relations of top- and seat-angle connections for intrinsic replacement of experimental curves and/or finite element (FE) analysis results. Bolt stiffness, shear and bending deformation of tension angle and prying force acted on tension angle are considered to determine the ultimate moment of connections implementing two possible failure mechanisms. These failure mechanisms are developed based on the concept of T-stub model [2] and adjusted the position of plastic hinges applying advanced FE analysis method [3-6]. Then, moment-rotation (Mr) characteristics of top- and seat-angle connections are constructed applying proposed modified three-parameter power model. Applicability of the proposed formulation is examined by comparing Mr curves and ultimate moment capacities with those of Kishi-Chen power model, FE analyses [3, 4] and experiments [7, 8]. The comparison implies that proposed formulation and Kishi-Chen’s method both achieved closer approximation for maximum of cases and better accuracy for the modified cases to drive Mr curves of the connections; but ultimate moments of the connections defined by the proposed method is more realistic than that predicted by Kishi-Chen power model.
Advancing the Language of Human Rights in a Global Economic Order: An Analysis of a Discourse

Human rights language is particularly attuned to setting out the goals of protecting the worlds least protected people. As human rights advocates have entered negotiations with international economic institutions and transnational corporations (TNCs), such negotiations have often resulted in an alternative language to describe the necessity of protecting and promoting human rights. After describing the progressive inclusion of human rights ideas by TNCs, the World Bank, the IMF, and the WTO, this Article argues that, while such inclusion is a benefit to the human rights movement, the creation of an alternative language to describe human rights goals is potentially detrimental. The language of human rights, in order to be understood by those it aims to protect, must, above all, be intelligible and accessible to them. At this stage of interactions between human rights advocates and international economic actors, human rights advocates should retain and advance the compelling and utopian language of rights.
Relationship between Organizational Commitment and EmployeeâsPerformance Evidence from Banking Sector of Lahore

The main objective of this research was to investigate the relation of dimensions of organizational commitment and employee’s performance in banking sector of Lahore. About 213 questionnaires were collected from employees of private and public banks located in Lahore. Regression analysis was used to know the results and it is found that affective, normative, and continual commitment are positively related with employee’s performance separately and jointly. Future studies and implications are also discussed.
Robust project management with the tilted beta distribution

Recent years have seen an increase in the development of robust approaches for stochastic project management methodologies such as PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique). These robust approaches allow for elevated likelihoods of outlying events, thereby widening interval estimates of project completion times. However, little attention has been paid to the fact that outlying events and/or expert judgments may be asymmetric. We propose the tilted beta distribution which permits both elevated likelihoods of outlying events as well as an asymmetric representation of these events. We examine the use of the tilted beta distribution in PERT with respect to other project management distributions.
Molecular characterization and genetic variability of Alpha Casein gene, CSN1S1 in Bikaneri camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk

Camel milk is an important protein source for the nomadic communities living in the arid lands of the world, In recent years there has been an increase in consumption of non-bovine milk as an alternative protein source for humans. Camel milk seems to be containing larger amount of total proteins, such as lactoferrin and immunoglobulins as compared to the cow milk, which may be responsible for the better antimicrobial properties. The casein fraction of milk proteins consists of four caseins, namely as1-casein, as2-casein, b-casein, and k-casein. Casein genetic polymorphisms are important due to their effects on quantitative traits and technological properties of milk. This work was designed to study occurrence of polymorphism of a-casein in native Bikaneri camel (Camelus dromedarius) raw milk sample and to characterize these variants on molecular level.
Prescriptions for the Successful Diffusion of Carsharing with Electric Vehicles

The current mobility paradigm is challenged and carsharing as well as electric vehicles are promising solutions leading to a possible new mobility paradigm. Carsharing can be a trigger for the diffusion of electric vehicles and vice versa and mobility providers around the world prepare for this innovation-package of technologyand service-innovation. This research aims to understand which factors influence the adoption of carsharing with electric vehicles in order to be able to plan for an effective introduction of this innovation. For this, 34 interviews with multiple stakeholders were conducted, revealing a comprehensive set of factors comprising environmental factors, adopter characteristics, and innovation attributes. This determination of success factors for the adoption of “E-carsharing” leads to prescriptions for the successful diffusion of it. Following these prescriptions as well as decreasing costs of technology and scale-effects should enable E-carsharing to diffuse into the mass market and become economically successful. This, as well as appropriate regulatory framework conditions are prerequisites that the innovation can unfold its multifarious economical, ecological and social benefits for our societies.
Impact of increasing crude glycerine levels in diet on growth, carcass traits, body measurements and blood cholesterol in growing Japanese quails

Glycerine, a by-product of popular nowadays biodiesel production, is easy available and can possibly be used as a new energy feed ingredient (Koreleski et al., 2011). Currently, in Europe it is produced and consumed about 80% of total global biodiesel production (Pond et al., 2005). Using biodiesel byproducts in poultry feeding could reduce feed costs and consequently enhance profitability. Glycerine or glycerol is an odourless, colourless sweet syrupy liquid. In the living organisms, glycerine is a part of all triglyceride molecules present in animal and plant tissues (Pond et al., 2005). It was discovered almost 250 years ago as a result of simple chemical reaction. Commercially, it is synthetized from propylene or it is obtained during saponification process as a by-product (Morrison, 2000). A huge amount of glycerine is produced mainly in USA and Europe. It is widely used in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and others industries. In the past, glycerine was used to treat ketosis in animals (Johnson, 1954). ABSTRACT. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of crude glycerine on growth performance, carcass traits, body measurements and blood cholesterol level of growing Japanese quails. In total 375 one-dayold Japanese quails were randomly divided into five equal groups under complete randomized design. Experimental groups were as follows: T1: basal diet (without glycerine addition), T2: basal diet + 2.5% glycerine, T3: basal diet + 5% glycerine, T4: basal diet + 7.5% glycerine, and T5: basal diet + 10% glycerine. Each treatment was replicated 5 times, 15 birds in each replicate. It was observed that glycerine supplementation did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect the feed intake and body weight of birds. Dietary inclusion of glycerine at a dose of 2.5 and 5% had positive impact on feed conversion ratio (quadratic, P = 0.021) in comparison to control group. Glycerine inclusion in the diet did not affect total blood cholesterol level. Furthermore, neither carcass traits nor body measurements were statistically influenced by the different inclusion levels of glycerine. So, it could be stated that in order to obtain positive effects on quail growth performance, crude glycerine could be used in diets as a source of energy at levels of 2.5 and 5%. Received: 2 September 2016 Revised: 31 January 2017 Accepted: 8 March 2017
Supercavitating motion of a wedge in a jet

The problem of determining the free surface of a jet incident on a rigid wedge and the boundary of a cavity behind the wedge is considered. The single- and double-spiral-vortex models by Tulin are used to describe the flow at the rear part of the cavity. The location of the wedge in the jet and the sides lengths are arbitrary. This circumstance makes the flow domain doubly connected for the single-vortex model whilst it is simple connected for the double-vortex model. Both the models are solved in closed form by the method of conformal mappings. The maps are expressed through the solutions to certain Riemann-Hilbert problems. For the former model, this problem is formulated on a genus1 Riemann surface. The double-vortex model requires the solution to a standard RiemannHilbert problem on a plane. It is found that the drag and lift are practically the same whilst the jet surface, the cavity boundary at the rear part and the deflection angle of the jet at infinity are different. Also, the problem of determining the parameters for the conformal mapping in the single-vortex model has two solutions. It is shown that one of the solutions leads to a nonphysical shape of the cavity and needs to be discarded. The case of a wedge in a channel with a free surface is also analyzed.