Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Routine Electroencephalographic (EEG) Monitoring During Carotid Endarterectomy

Controversy continues concerning the advisability of routine shunting, no shunting, or selective shunting during carotid endarterectomy. Because of its reflection of the physiologic state of the end organ, the authors chose routine 18 lead EEG monitoring as a guide to selective shunting and as an indication of adequate shunt function during all carotid endarterectomies performed from December 1977 through July 1982. In that period, 200 patients underwent 219 endarterectomies under general anesthesia and EEG monitoring. Ischemic EEG changes at the time of carotid cross clamping suggested the need for intraluminal shunts in 16% of patients. Insertion of shunts restored the EEG pattern to normal in all instances, although in two patients, adjustment of the shunt was required to maintain this result. EEG changes requiring shunting occurred in 10% of patients with unilateral disease, in 27% of patients with bilateral disease, and in 42% of patients with unilateral stenosis and contralateral occlusion. Twenty-seven patients had small fixed neurologic deficits before operation. Surgery was not delayed in these individuals who demonstrated no increased requirement for shunts and no new postoperative neurologic deficits. In the group of 150 endarterectomies performed as separate procedures, there was one (0.7%) fixed neurologic deficit after operation, one transient deficit (0.7%), and one death (0.7%). Sixty-nine endarterectomies were performed simultaneously with open heart surgery and were associated with one fixed neurologic deficit (1.4%) and two transient deficits (2.9%). All four deaths in this group were attributable to the cardiac surgical procedures. These results indicate that selective shunting based on EEG monitoring permits the safe performance of carotid endarterectomy, even in patients considered to be at high risk for postoperative neurologic deficit.
Design and initial evaluation of a virtual pediatric primary care clinic in Second Life®

Purpose: To present an example of an innovative educational strategy using a theoretical framework for the design and evaluation of a virtual world simulation for family nurse practitioner (FNP) students. Data sources: The example arises from a primary care pediatric clinic developed for FNP students in Second Life® to supplement experiences in clinical practice sites. The simulation uses a case‐based interactive format. The educational strategy is based on constructivist learning theory and experiential learning principles. Report of initial prototype testing of faculty and FNP students is reported. Conclusions: Virtual‐world simulations have the potential to provide a safe environment for students to practice clinical decision making for pediatric patients. However, attention to the context, pedagogy, learner, and the capabilities of the technology is essential to provide a quality educational experience. Implications for practice: Preparation of FNP students can include quality educational experiences in a virtual world when guided by a theoretical framework.
Propofol pharmacokinetics in young healthy Indian subjects

Objectives: To analyze population pharmacokinetics of Propofol in Indian patients after single bolus dose of Propofol using WINNONLIN program. Materials and Methods: Population pharmacokinetics of Propofol was investigated in Indian subjects in 26 elective surgical patients (14 males and 12 females) following single bolus dose of 2 mg/kg propofol. A total of 364 samples were estimated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and pharmacokinetic parameters were derived using WINNONLIN (5.2). The effect of demographic characters of the study population on pharmacokinetic parameters was investigated. Results: Three-compartment model was used to describe the pharmacokinetic data of Propofol in Indian subjects. Initial volume of distribution (V1) clearance (Cl) and steady state volume of distribution (Vdss) was 13.5 ± 3.3 l, 1.08 ± 0.42 l/min, and 77.69 ± 48.0 l, respectively. Body weight best described the volume of central compartment (V1) as well as elimination clearance (P<0.01). Conclusion: Pharmacokinetics of Propofol in young healthy Indian subjects show lower volume of distribution and clearance as compared with most of the western data. Body weight best describes the V1, Vdss, and Clearance in this group.
Non-Fermi-liquid behavior in d- and f-electron metals

A relatively new class of materials has been found in which the basic assumption of Landau Fermi-liquid theory—that at low energies the electrons in a metal should behave essentially as a collection of weakly interacting particles—is violated. These ‘‘non-Fermi-liquid’’ systems exhibit unusual temperature dependences in their low-temperature properties, including several examples in which the specific heat divided by temperature shows a singular log T temperature dependence over more than two orders of magnitude, from the lowest measured temperatures in the milliKelvin regime to temperatures over 10 K. These anomalous properties, with their often pure power-law or logarithmic temperature dependences over broad temperature ranges and inherent low characteristic energies, have attracted active theoretical interest from the first experimental report in 1991. This article first describes the various theoretical approaches to trying to understand the source of strong temperatureand frequency-dependent electron-electron interactions in non-Fermi-liquid systems. It then discusses the current experimental body of knowledge, including a compilation of data on non-Fermi-liquid behavior in over 50 systems. The disparate data reveal some interesting correlations and trends and serve to point up a number of areas where further theoretical and experimental work is needed.
CO2 spot and futures price analysis for EEX and ECX

In this work we analyze, explore and measure two of the most important concepts for the theory of storable commodity markets. After analyzing the statistical properties of spot and futures EU ETS allowances for Germany and France, we model and test the risk premium and convenience yield for CO2 contracts accordingly to previous economic theories, for the period 2005-2009. Results indicate that convenience yields are positively related to the spot CO2 return while being negatively influenced by the spot volatility. This negative impact of spot volatility is also verified for the risk premium, with the latter varying positively with time to maturity. Contradicting previous empirical findings, we found only a positive influence of the convenience yield on the risk premium for the ECX French market and for Phase II contracts, leading us to conclude that results are Phase, market and data span dependent. Moreover, results are independent on the volatility forecast used and important for risk management purposes for allowances markets participants. Moreover, day-ahead markets for CO2 are in "normal contango" for the entire data period under analysis, contrary to previous empirical findings for the allowances market.
Acute coronary syndrome after mitral valve surgery: a rare complication secondary to mechanical occlusion of the circumflex artery.

Compromise of the circumflex artery is a rare complication after mitral valve surgery. We are presenting 2 cases of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) because of circumflex artery compromise, after mitral valve surgery. In both the cases, preoperative coronary angiography was normal. One patient had a right coronary dominant system, whereas the other patient had a left coronary dominant system. ACS was identified by electrocardiography (ECG) changes and by regional wall motion abnormalities on intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram (IOTEE). Both the cases were transferred immediately to the cardiac catheterization laboratory where percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) restored blood flow to the circumflex artery distribution.
A Cavity-Backed Annular Slot Antenna With High Efficiency for Smartwatches With Metallic Housing

A cavity-backed annular slot antenna designed for the use in smartwatches in the 2.4-GHz Wi-Fi band is proposed. The cavity is metallic and has a cylindrical shape with a volume of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pi \times 21^{2}\times10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm<sup>3</sup>. An annular slot is cut along the edge of the top surface (as the smartwatch screen) of the cavity. The circumference of the annular slot is about <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\lambda$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, making the design small enough for the smartwatch applications. The resonant modes, current distribution, and transverse mode of the cavity-backed annular slot antenna are studied using simulations and the results are used to design a smartwatch antenna. The proposed smartwatch is studied in free space, on a computer hand model, and on a phantom hand using simulations and measurements. Measured results show that the antenna has an efficiency of 57%–66% on a phantom hand. To study the antenna in a more realistic environment, the electronic components inside the smartwatch are modeled as a metallic block. For health risk concerns related to exposure to an electromagnetic radiation, the specific absorption rate for the smartwatch in the wrist-worn and next-to-mouth conditions is also studied using simulations.
Nosology and inheritance pattern(s) of joint hypermobility syndrome and Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type: A study of intrafamilial and interfamilial variability in 23 Italian pedigrees

Joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) and Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type (EDS‐HT) are two markedly overlapping heritable connective tissue disorders. The cumulative frequency of JHS and EDS‐HT seems high, but their recognition remains an exclusion diagnosis based on different sets of diagnostic criteria. Although proposed by a panel of experts, clinical identity between JHS and EDS‐HT is still a matter of debate due to unknown molecular basis. We present 23 families with three or more individuals with a diagnosis of JHS and/or EDS‐HT. Rough data from the 82 individuals were used to assess the frequency of major and minor criteria, as well as selected additional features. A series of statistical tools were applied to assess intrafamilial and interfamilial variability, emphasizing intergenerational, and intersex differences. This study demonstrates marked heterogeneity within and between families in terms of agreement of available diagnostic criteria. In 21 pedigrees affected individuals belong to two or three phenotypic sub‐categories among JHS, EDS‐HT, and JHS + EDS‐HT overlap. Intergenerational analysis depicts a progressive shifting, also within the same pedigree, from EDS‐HT in childhood, to JHS + EDS‐HT in early adulthood and JHS later in life. Female‐male ratio is 2.1:1, which results lower than previously observed in unselected patients' cohorts. In these pedigrees, JHS, EDS‐HT, and JHS + EDS‐HT segregate as a single dominant trait with complete penetrance, variable expressivity, and a markedly evolving phenotype. This study represents a formal demonstration that EDS‐HT and JHS contitute the same clinical entity, and likely share the same genetic background, at least, in familial cases. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The new Duval Pentagons available for DGA diagnosis in transformers filled with mineral and ester oils

The new Duval Pentagons available for DGA diagnosis in transformers filled with mineral and ester oils are presented in this paper. More than 300 data points were used to define the different fault “zones” within the Pentagons, either coming from inspected faulty transformers (mineral oils) or laboratory tests (ester oils).
Increased Expression of β‐Chemokines in Muscle of Patients with Inflammatory Myopathies

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are muscle diseases of autoimmune pathogenesis characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration within muscle tissue. Since immune cell homing and accumulation at the site of antigenic challenge is usually mediated by chemokines, we evaluated the expression of 2 β-chemokines—monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α)—by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction in muscles of polymyositis, inclusion body myositis, and dermatomyositis patients, and related their expression to immunopathological alterations in muscle. MCP-1 and MIP-1α transcripts were detected by PCR in all IIM muscles, but not in controls. By immunohistochemistry, the chemokines were found in all IIM muscle sections located in infiltrating inflammatory cells and also in neighboring extracellular matrix. The extent to which extracellular matrix was filled by each chemokine differed in each disease. In view of the known ability of chemokines to bind extracellular matrix and their possible synthesis by extracellular matrix components, we suggest that chemokine storage in the extracellular matrix can act as a microenvironmental factor amplifying lymphocyte activation and migration, thereby maintaining the autoimmune attack against unknown muscle antigens.
The impact of early intervention on speech and lexical development for toddlers with cleft palate: a retrospective look at outcome.

PURPOSE The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the impact of early intervention on speech and lexical measures for toddlers with cleft palate. METHOD Speech measures of ten 27-month-old toddlers with cleft palate who had been referred for therapy at 17 months of age were compared to those of 10 toddlers with cleft palate who had been referred but did not receive therapy. Both groups were compared to 2 other groups of children who had never been referred for therapy. RESULTS Multivariate analysis of variance revealed only 1 significant difference between the children who received therapy and those who did not receive therapy. Children who received therapy produced a significantly greater percentage of glides (p < .001) than did children who did not receive therapy. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicated that early intervention as conducted by the speech-language pathologists in this study was not as effective as expected for this group of toddlers with cleft palate.
Stimulus Exposure and Discrimination in Rats: A Test of a Theory for the Role of Contextual Factors

In two experiments rats were trained on a simultaneous discrimination in a jumping stand. On each trial choice always lay between one stimulus (an obliquely striped object in Experiment I, and a plain grey object in Experiment II) and a second that varied from trial to trial. On half the trials this variable stimulus bore horizontal stripes (H) and on the remaining trials it bore vertical stripes (V). It was argued that the solution of this discrimination would be hindered if the animals tended to classify H and V apart (Bateson and Chantrey, 1972). It was found, however, that prior exposure to H and V in the home cage (which has been supposed to promote classifying apart) facilitated learning and that prior exposure to H and V in the apparatus itself (which might be thought to promote classifying together) hindered later learning. Possible alternative accounts for these exposure learning effects are discussed.
The Welfare Impact of a Privatization: The British Telecom Case-History

In this paper we offer and discuss new evidence on the performance of British Telecom before and after privatisation. We use a unique dataset based on company accounts over forty years (1960-1999), and original additional company data on several variables. We focus particularly on output, prices, revenues, costs, employment, productivity, profits and investments. Our key-finding is that operative profits were remarkably stable before and after divestiture, and that ownership change per se had little discernible impact on productivity trends, particularly between 1984-1991. Major changes in performance after 1991 were however related to variations in financial arrangements, competition and regulatory pressure. This allows us to look at the BT case history as a natural experiment on the relative importance of privatisation, liberalization, and regulation.
Alternative routes for synthesis of N‐linked glycans by Alg2 mannosyltransferase

Asparagine (N)‐linked glycosylation requires the ordered, stepwise synthesis of lipid‐linked oligosaccharide (LLO) precursor Glc3Man9GlcNAc2‐pyrophosphate‐dolichol (Glc3Man9Gn2‐PDol) on the endoplasmic reticulum. The fourth and fifth steps of LLO synthesis are catalyzed by Alg2, an unusual mannosyltransferase (MTase) with two different MTase activities; Alg2 adds both an a1,3‐ and a1,6‐mannose onto ManGlcNAc2‐PDol to form the trimannosyl core Man3GlcNAc2‐PDol. The biochemical properties of Alg2 are controversial and remain undefined. In this study, a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry‐based quantitative assay was established and used to analyze the MTase activities of purified yeast Alg2. Alg2‐dependent Man3GlcNAc2‐PDol production relied on net‐neutral lipids with a propensity to form bilayers. We further showed addition of the a1,3‐ and a1,6‐mannose can occur independently in either order but at differing rates. The conserved C‐terminal EX7E motif, N‐terminal cytosolic tail, and 3 G‐rich loop motifs in Alg2 play crucial roles for these activities, both in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide insight into the unique bifunctionality of Alg2 during LLO synthesis and lead to a new model in which alternative, independent routes exist for Alg2 catalysis of the trimannosyl core oligosaccharide. —Li, S. ‐T. , Wang, N. , Xu, X. ‐X, Fujita, M. , Nakanishi, H. , Kitajima, T. , Dean, N. , Gao, X. ‐D. Alternative routes for synthesis of N‐linked glycans by Alg2 mannosyltransferase. FASEB J. 32,2492–2506 (2018). www.fasebj. org
N-Terminal Acetylation by NatC Is Not a General Determinant for Substrate Subcellular Localization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

N-terminal acetylation has been suggested to play a role in the subcellular targeting of proteins, in particular those acetylated by the N-terminal acetyltransferase complex NatC. Based on previous positional proteomics data revealing N-terminal acetylation status and the predicted NAT substrate classes, we selected 13 suitable NatC substrates for subcellular localization studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fluorescence microscopy analysis of GFP-tagged candidates in the presence or absence of the NatC catalytic subunit Naa30 (Mak3) revealed unaltered localization patterns for all 13 candidates, thus arguing against a general role for the N-terminal acetyl group as a localization determinant. Furthermore, all organelle-localized substrates indicated undisrupted structures, thus suggesting that absence of NatC acetylation does not have a vast effect on organelle morphology in yeast.
Workers Beneath the Floodgates: The Impact of Low-Wage Import Competition and Workers' Adjustment

I analyze the impact of a low-wage trade shock on manufacturing workers in a high-wage country, Denmark, and their subsequent adjustment to the shock. Employing a comprehensive person-level panel dataset matched with workplace-level employer data for the period 1999 to 2010, I exploit the dismantling of import quotas on Chinese textile and clothing products in conjunction with China's accession to the WTO as a quasi-natural experiment and utilize within-industry heterogeneity in workers' exposure to this trade shock. Results reveal negative and significant impact of the low-wage import shock on workers' future earnings and employment trajectories. The main channels through which the trade shock affects workers are shortened employment at the firm that was exposed to the competition shock and subsequent difficulty in maintaining stable employment. The abolishment of quotas also leads to higher likelihood of unemployment. The service sector is the main absorber of exposed workers of all types, but the success of recovery from the shock in subsequent service sector jobs varies greatly across workers depending on initial occupation, education and age. Less-educated, older and workers who had occupations that require industry-specific skills at the exposed firms had the worst adjustment experience. The results show that trade-induced adjustment costs are substantial and heterogeneous across different types of workers and highlight the nature of adjustment frictions by showing that, for some, challenges remain even after transition to full-time jobs outside of manufacturing.
Using NEXRAD and rain gauge precipitation data for hydrologic calibration of SWAT in a Northeastern watershed.

The value of watershed-scale, hydrologic and water quality models to ecosystem management is increasingly evident as more programs adopt these tools to evaluate the effectiveness of different management scenarios and their impact on the environment. Quality of precipitation data is critical for appropriate application of watershed models. In small watersheds, where no dense rain gauge network is available, modelers are faced with a dilemma to choose between different data sets. In this study, we used the German Branch (GB) watershed (~50 km2), which is included in the USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP), to examine the implications of using surface rain gauge and next-generation radar (NEXRAD) precipitation data sets on the performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The GB watershed is located in the Coastal Plain of Maryland on the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay. Stream flow estimation results using surface rain gauge data seem to indicate the importance of using rain gauges within the same direction as the storm pattern with respect to the watershed. In the absence of a spatially representative network of rain gauges within the watershed, NEXRAD data produced good estimates of stream flow at the outlet of the watershed. Three NEXRAD datasets, including (1) non-corrected (NC), (2) bias-corrected (BC), and (3) inverse distance weighted (IDW) corrected NEXRAD data, were produced. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients for daily stream flow simulation using these three NEXRAD data ranged from 0.46 to 0.58 during calibration and from 0.68 to 0.76 during validation. Overall, correcting NEXRAD with rain gauge data is promising to produce better hydrologic modeling results. Given the multiple precipitation datasets and corresponding simulations, we explored the combination of the multiple simulations using Bayesian model averaging. The results show that this Bayesian scheme can produce better deterministic prediction than any single simulation and can provide reasonable uncertainty estimation. The optimal water balance obtained in this study is an essential precursor to acquiring realistic estimates of sediment and nutrient loads in future GB modeling efforts. The results presented in this study are expected to provide insights into selecting precipitation data for watershed modeling in small Coastal Plain catchments.
Meta-Analysis of Social Cognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Social cognitive abilities are impaired in Alzheimer disease and other dementias. Recent studies suggested that social cognitive abilities might be also impaired in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Current meta-analysis aimed to summarize available evidence for deficits in theory of mind (ToM) and emotion recognition in MCI. In this meta-analysis of 17 studies, facial emotion recognition and ToM performances of 513 individuals with MCI and 693 healthy controls were compared. Mild cognitive impairment was associated with significant impairments falling in the medium effect sizes range in ToM (d = 0.63) and facial emotion recognition (d = 0.58). Among individual emotions, recognition of fear and sadness were particularly impaired. There were no significant between-group differences in recognition of disgust, happiness, and surprise. Social cognitive deficits were more severe in multidomain MCI. There is a need for longitudinal studies investigating the potential role of social cognitive impairment in predicting conversion to dementia.