Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of day versus night as intervention time on the outcomes of primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction

Background: Conflicting datas exist regarding the outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when the intervention is performed during night hours. Methods and Results: 2,644 consecutive patients with STEMI (mean age 56.7 ± 11.9, years, 2,188 male) undergoing primary PCI between October 2003 and March 2008 were retrospectively enrolled into this study (single high‐volume center: >3,000 PCIs/year). Day time was defined according to intervention between 08:00 am and 06:00 pm and night as intervention time between 06:00 pm and 08:00 am. 1,141 patients (43.2%) were treated during the day and 1,503 (56.8%) at night. The baseline characteristics of both groups were similar except for more frequent hypertension (42.6 vs. 36.5%; P = 0.002), women (19.7 vs. 15.4%; P = 0.003), and old (≥75y) patients (9.6 vs. 7.4; P = 0.046) in the day time group. Compared with those treated during night time, day time patients had longer angina‐reperfusion times (mean, 205 vs. 188 minutes, P = 0.016). Door‐to‐balloon times were similar (P = 0.87), and less than 90 minutes in both groups. There were no differences concerning clinical events and PCI success between the two groups. Hospital mortality was 6.1% during the day and 5.2% during the night (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.7–1.36; P = 0.89). The median follow‐up time was 21 months. The Kaplan‐Meier survival plot for long‐term cardiovascular death was not different for both groups (P = 0.78). In‐hospital and long‐term cardiovascular mortality was also similar in shock and nonshock subgroups. Conclusions: Primary PCI can be performed safely during the night at a high‐volume PCI center with suitable and effective organization of cardiology department and catheterisation laboratory with 24 hours per day, 7 days per week onsite staffing. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective inner retinal dysfunction precedes ganglion cell loss in a mouse glaucoma model

Background/aims: To correlate ganglion cell function with defined parameters of the elevated intraocular pressure profile (IOP) in a mouse glaucoma model and to determine the temporal relationship of these functional changes with ganglion cell death. Methods: Unilateral chronic ocular hypertension was induced in C57BL6/J mice by laser ablation of the limbal episcleral veins. Scotopic flash electroretinograms were recorded after 5, 10, 20, and 40 days to isolate specific outer and inner retinal responses. Inner retinal function was correlated with the pressure differential between treated and non-treated eyes at the time of electroretinographic recording, and with the cumulative IOP insult (the integral of the IOP.time profile). Peripheral and central ganglion cell densities were quantified by Brn-3 immunohistochemistry. Results: Elevated IOP induced a preferential deficit in inner retinal function. The positive scotopic threshold response (pSTR) was suppressed by 68% on day 5, by 50% on day 10, by 54% on day 20 and by 46% on day 40 after laser treatment. Inhibition of the STR correlated with the pressure differential between treated and non-treated eyes but not with the IOP.time integral. Inner retinal dysfunction preceded the progressive death of ganglion cells. Ganglion cell loss occurred preferentially in peripheral retina and correlated with the cumulative IOP insult. Conclusion: We have demonstrated specific inner retinal dysfunction in an inducible mouse glaucoma model. STRs are sensitive to elevated IOP per se, and their early suppression reflects ganglion cell dysfunction rather than cell death. The correlation between IOP elevation and suppression of inner retinal function, in the context of the temporal progression of ganglion cell death, suggests that a portion of the IOP-mediated ganglion cell dysfunction may be reversible.
Knowledge on acute respiratory infection among Mothers of under five year children of Bhaktapur District , Nepal

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) continue to be the leading cause of acute illnesses worldwide and remain the most important cause of infant and young children mortality in developing countries like Nepal. Objectives: To find out the level of knowledge about acute respiratory infection among the mothers of under five children. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the status of knowledge about acute respiratory infection (ARI) among 384 respondents through direct face to face interview schedule. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample of the study. Results: Most of the respondents 52.3% were in between the age group of 25 35 years. Majority of respondents 94.5% follows the Hindu religion. Most of the respondent 26.6% worked at private organization and 49.2% respondent had completed their secondary level of education. In the study it showed that 77.9% of women had no opportunity to take part in any training related to ARI. Statistically significant relationship was found on level of knowledge with education of mother (p=0.002). The current study revealed that 83.9% of respondent had satisfactory level of knowledge and 10.7% had poor level of knowledge and only 5.5% had excellent level of knowledge regarding ARI. Conclusion: As mothers are the main caretakers of children and underfive year children are in close contact with their mother, any deviation in the health of children is first recognized by their mothers. Our study shows that mother has significantly better knowledge on ARI with their educational status. So awareness program using appropriate intervention i.e. radio, television, health campaign is necessary to increase the level of knowledge of mother.
Treatment of orthostatic headache without intracranial hypotension: A case report

Introduction: Orthostatic headache is very suggestive of intracranial hypotension. It has a good prognosis as it usually responds to conservative treatment or epidural blood patches. Case report: A 36-year-old female presented with severe and prolonged orthostatic headache starting after a seizure. No stigma of intracranial hypotension was detected on brain MRI, and intracranial pressure was within normal range. No imaging evidence of a fistula was found. She was refractory to symptomatic treatment including five epidural blood patches. Progressive improvement occurred simultaneously to the introduction of vitamin A supplementation. Discussion: A series of six similar patients is discussed, in which five patients remained severely symptomatic and workdisabled at an average follow-up of four years. It is proposed that the pathophysiological mechanism producing orthostatic headache might not be dependent on intracranial hypotension and could respond to vitamin A.
Impact of inadequate doses of rituximab in the treatment of diffuse large B cell lymphoma in Malaysian patients.

BACKGROUND The current standard treatment for patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is rituximab combined with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (CHOP). A significant number of patients were not treated with recommended dose of rituximab due to limited financial resources in Malaysia. This study evaluates the efficacy of R-CHOP like chemotherapy in Malaysian patients with DLBCL. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study comprised a retrospective analysis of patients with DLBCL treated at a single centre. The outcome was compared with patients who were treated with R-CHOP like and CHOP like chemotherapy. Patients who were treated with lower dose of rituximab was subanalysed for outcome. RESULTS A total of 86 patients who had CHOP-like chemotherapy were included. Only 39 (45%) patients had rituximab and only 12 (29%) patients had the recommended dose. The overall response (OR) and complete response (CR) rates were 88% and 81% respectively. There was no significant difference in OR and CR in patients who had rituximab and those without rituxmab. Those with International Prognostic Index (IPI) score of ≤ 2 had significant higher CR rate, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The lack of significant improvement in CR and DFS in our patients may be due to an inadequate dose of rituximab.
STEROID HORMONE RECEPTORS IN PITUITARY ADENOMAS: A BIOCHEMICAL, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY ON CRYOSTAT SECTIONS

Oestrogen receptors and progesterone receptors were measured by an isoelectric focussing technique in cytosols from cryostat sections of eight human pituitary adenomas. Cryostat sections adjacent to the assayed sample were stained for anterior pituitary hormones using the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase technique, and the cellularity of each neoplasm was calculated with the aid of a computerized image analysis system. The results of ER and PR assays were adjusted to compensate for variations in cellularity. ER were present in three prolactin adenomas, one growth hormone adenoma and one gonadotrophin adenoma. The latter also contained PR. Steroid hormone receptors were not detected in two null cell adenomas and one non‐secretory oncocytoma. The results support the suggestion that antihormonal chemotherapy may be valuable in the treatment of certain pituitary adenomas.
DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF CORNULACA MONACANTHA DELILE POPULATION IN ASIR REGION, SAUDI ARABIA -

The present paper aims to study the demography and growth strategy of Cornulaca monacantha Delile population under natural and experimental conditions in Asir region, Saudi Arabia (in terms of size structure, natality, mortality, and demographic flux) and to assess its standing crop and the correlation between its population characters and the prevailing environmental variables. Thirty permanent stands were established to represent the microvariations in five habitats, where C. monacantha inhabits. In each stand, the height from the ground and the average diameter of the canopy for each C. monacantha individual were estimated monthly and its volume was calculated as a cylinder. The results showed significant variation in its growth variables in relation to habitat types. The growth follows a seasonal pattern, where the highest values for most growth variables were obtained during Marsh and April, while the lowest during October and November. The plant has two peaks of mortality: the first in January mainly due to heavy death of the seedlings and juveniles, while the second in June associated with the end of its life cycle. Its size structure was characterized by the preponderance of the young individuals comparing with the old ones. Regarding the density effect, the individuals were bigger and had more leaves under low than under high density. Density affected also the pattern of leaf distribution, length and number of branches and internodes.
An informal exposition of proofs of Gödel's theorems and Church's theorem

This paper is an attempt to explain as non-technically as possible the principles and devices used in the various proofs of Gödel's Theorems and Church's Theorem. Roman numerals in references shall refer to the papers in the bibliography. In the statements of Gödel's Theorems and Church's Theorem, we will employ the phrase “for suitable L. ” The hidden assumptions which we denote by this phrase have never been put down explicitly in a form intelligible to the average reader. The necessity for thus formulating them has commonly been avoided by proving the theorems for special logics and then remarking that the proofs can be extended to other logics. Hence the conditions necessary for the proofs of Gödel's Theorems and Church's Theorem are at present very indefinite as far as the average reader is concerned. To partly clarify this situation, we will now mention the more prominent of these assumptions. I. In any proof of Gödel's Theorems or Church's Theorem, two logics are concerned. One serves as the “logic of ordinary discourse” in which the proof is carried out, and the other is a formal logic, L, about which the theorem is proved. The first logic may or may not be formal. However L must be formal. Among other things, this implies that the propositions of L are formulas built according to certain rules of structure.
Barbarians at the Gatekeepers?: A Proposal for a Modified Strict Liability Regime

This article attempts to fill a few of the gaps in current scholarship about gatekeepers, and sets forth a proposal for a modified strict liability regime that would avoid many of the problems and costs associated with the current due diligence-based approaches. Under the proposed regime, gatekeepers (investment banking, accounting, and law firms) would be strictly liable for any securities fraud damages paid by the issuer pursuant to a settlement or judgment. Gatekeepers would not have any due diligence-based defenses for securities fraud. Instead, gatekeepers would be permitted to limit their liability by agreeing to and disclosing a percentage limitation on the scope of their liability for the issuer's damages. For example, a gatekeeper for an issue might agree ex ante to be strictly liable for 10 percent of the issuer's liability related to the issuance, measured by the present value of any payment by the issuer pursuant to a settlement or judgment. A particular gatekeeper's liability would be limited to the issuer's liability related to that gatekeeper's role (e.g., counsel for the issuer or the underwriters generally would not be liable for material misstatements or omissions in audited financial statements). The percentage for each gatekeeper could range based on competitive bargaining and market forces, with a minimum limit (e.g., the amount of the gatekeeper's fee, or perhaps a fixed amount of 1 to 5 percent) set by law. This modified strict liability proposal is intended to solve two important and parallel problems in securities regulation. The first problem is the rapidly increasing and substantial costs related to the role of gatekeepers in securities fraud, including both the costs of behavior designed to capture the benefit of due diligence-based defenses and - more importantly - the costs of resolving disputes about gatekeeper behavior. The second problem is that the value of gatekeeper certification is declining at the same time costs are increasing. The article gathers evidence to demonstrate these two problems, and shows how a strict liability regime might ameliorate them. Throughout this discussion, the article challenges the assumption that gatekeepers act as reputational intermediaries.
Protein–protein docking with a reduced protein model accounting for side‐chain flexibility

A protein–protein docking approach has been developed based on a reduced protein representation with up to three pseudo atoms per amino acid residue. Docking is performed by energy minimization in rotational and translational degrees of freedom. The reduced protein representation allows an efficient search for docking minima on the protein surfaces within. During docking, an effective energy function between pseudo atoms has been used based on amino acid size and physico‐chemical character. Energy minimization of protein test complexes in the reduced representation results in geometries close to experiment with backbone root mean square deviations (RMSDs) of ∼1 to 3 Å for the mobile protein partner from the experimental geometry. For most test cases, the energy‐minimized experimental structure scores among the top five energy minima in systematic docking studies when using both partners in their bound conformations. To account for side‐chain conformational changes in case of using unbound protein conformations, a multicopy approach has been used to select the most favorable side‐chain conformation during the docking process. The multicopy approach significantly improves the docking performance, using unbound (apo) binding partners without a significant increase in computer time. For most docking test systems using unbound partners, and without accounting for any information about the known binding geometry, a solution within ∼2 to 3.5 Å RMSD of the full mobile partner from the experimental geometry was found among the 40 top‐scoring complexes. The approach could be extended to include protein loop flexibility, and might also be useful for docking of modeled protein structures.
Revisiting the 13C‐label distribution of the non‐oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway based upon kinetic and genetic evidence

The currently applied reaction structure in stoichiometric flux balance models for the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway is not in accordance with the established ping‐pong kinetic mechanism of the enzymes transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) and transaldolase (EC 2.2.1.2). Based upon the ping‐pong mechanism, the traditional reactions of the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway are replaced by metabolite specific, reversible, glycolaldehyde moiety (C2) and dihydroxyacetone moiety (C3) fragments producing and consuming half‐reactions. It is shown that a stoichiometric model based upon these half‐reactions is fundamentally different from the currently applied stoichiometric models with respect to the number of independent C2 and C3 fragment pools in the pentose phosphate pathway and can lead to different label distributions for 13C‐tracer experiments. To investigate the actual impact of the new reaction structure on the estimated flux patterns within a cell, mass isotopomer measurements from a previously published 13C‐based metabolic flux analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used. Different flux patterns were found. From a genetic point of view, it is well known that several micro‐organisms, including Escherichia coli and S. cerevisiae, contain multiple genes encoding isoenzymes of transketolase and transaldolase. However, the extent to which these gene products are also actively expressed remains unknown. It is shown that the newly proposed stoichiometric model allows study of the effect of isoenzymes on the 13C‐label distribution in the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway by extending the half‐reaction based stoichiometric model with two distinct transketolase enzymes instead of one. Results show that the inclusion of isoenzymes affects the ensuing flux estimates.
Conductance fluctuations in the ballistic regime: A probe of quantum chaos?

We demonstrate the existence of resistance fluctuations in experimentally realizable ballistic conductors due to scattering from geometric features. The magnetic-field and energy correlation functions are calculated both semiclassically and exactly numerically, and are found to have a scale determined by the underlying chaotic classical scattering. These systems provide a test of the ``random'' quantum behavior of classically chaotic systems.
Citalopram overdose--review of cases treated in Swedish hospitals.

BACKGROUND The toxic effects of acute citalopram overdose are reported by the Swedish Poisons Information Centre. DESIGN Case reports received from Swedish hospitals during 1995 have been analyzed. Forty-four cases of pure citalopram intoxication have been studied in detail. RESULTS At doses below 600 mg, mild symptoms were observed. Doses above 600 mg caused ECG abnormalities and convulsions in some patients, while doses greater than 1900 mg caused such symptoms in all patients. CONCLUSIONS The findings are consistent with previous reports claiming that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are less toxic compared to tricyclic antidepressants. However, there is a risk of developing serious symptoms when large doses have been ingested.
Interaction of FKBP5 gene variants and adverse life events in predicting depression onset: results from a 10-year prospective community study.

OBJECTIVE The binding protein FKBP5 is an important modulator of the function of the glucocorticoid receptor, the main receptor of the stress hormone system. This turns the FKBP5 gene into a key candidate for gene-environment interactions, which are considered critical for pathogenesis of stress-related disorders. The authors explored gene-environment interactions between FKBP5 gene variants and adverse life events in predicting the first occurrence of a major depressive episode. METHOD The analyses were based on 884 Caucasians in a 10-year prospective community study. At baseline, they were 14-24 years old and did not fulfill criteria for a major depressive episode. The DSM-IV-based Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess adverse life events preceding baseline and major depressive episodes during follow-up. On the basis of previous findings, five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the FKBP5 gene were selected for genotyping. RESULTS While the authors did not observe genetic main effects, they found interactions between the five SNPs and traumatic (but not separation) events, with the strongest effect for severe trauma. The effect of trauma on incident major depressive episodes was evident among subjects homozygous for the minor alleles but not subjects with other genotypes. The findings were replicated in the U.K. Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study. CONCLUSIONS These hypothesis-driven results suggest that an interaction between FKBP5 genotype and trauma is involved in the onset of depression. Subjects homozygous for the minor alleles of the investigated FKBP5 SNPs seem to be particularly sensitive to effects of trauma exposure in terms of triggering depression onset.
Elevated C-Reactive Protein Level Predicts Earlier Treatment with Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitors in Psoriatic Arthritis.

BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) inhibitors are indicated for patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in whom conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are insufficient to achieve disease remission. OBJECTIVES To determine the value of acute-phase reactant levels at diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis in predicting the need for biologic treatment with TNFα inhibitors. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal observational study of an inception cohort of 71 consecutive patients diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis. C-reactive protein (CRP) was assayed for all patients at their first visit. RESULTS All patients were treated with one or more DMARDs, mainly methotrexate (81.6%). Thirty-seven patients (52.11%) had an inadequate response and received at least one TNF inhibitor. CRP level at diagnosis was positively correlated with need for a TNF inhibitor (P = 0.009, HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.27-1.85). Patients with CRP > 0.9 mg/dl at diagnosis started biologic treatment significantly earlier than patients with a lower level (P = 0.003, HR 2.62, 95% CI 0.393-2.5). CONCLUSIONS In patients with psoriatic arthritis, CRP ≥ 0.9 mg/dl at diagnosis significantly predicts an earlier need for a TNF inhibitor to achieve disease control.