Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact assessment of the integrated nutrition programme on child malnutrition in South Africa.

The Integrated Nutrition Programme (INP) was implem ented in 1995 to target child malnutrition in South Africa. This study assessed the impact of the INP on child malnutrition by province and age group using secondary data. Data from three na tional nutrition surveys, conducted in 1994, 1999 and 2005, were used to describe trends in chil d stunting, underweight, wasting, vitamin A deficiency and iron deficiency. The relationship b etween the prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in prenatal women and child nutritional status; challenges and constraints to implementing the INP at provincial l evel; and government responses to nutrition recommendations by lead experts in the 1994 and 199 9 surveys were also investigated. Child nutritional status varied across provinces. In some provinces such as the Northern Cape, stunting, underweight and wasting remained consiste ntly high. Stunting decreased in the Eastern Cape, but rates of wasting increased between 1994 a nd 2005. On the other hand, Gauteng and the Western Cape generally had lower rates of malnu trition compared to the other provinces. This may be due to these provinces being the most e c nomically active in the country thus more opportunities for employment and higher purchasing power of foods rich in micronutrients. By 2005, vitamin A deficiency had doubled in most prov inces despite mandatory food fortification being implemented in 2003. KwaZulu-Natal had the h ighest rates of vitamin A deficiency, while Limpopo had the highest rates of iron deficiency. By 2005, malnutrition had decreased in children aged seven to nine years, but had increase d in those aged one to three years. There was a significant positive correlation (p<0.01) between the prevalence of HIV in prenatal women and vitamin A deficiency nationally. The prevalence of HIV in prenatal women was positively correlated (p<0.05) with rates of wasting in childr en aged one to three years. Limited skills, inadequate monitoring and evaluatio n, and limited infrastructure were common challenges and constraints to implementing the INP at provincial level. The effect of HIV on human resources and the higher demands of HIV infec ted patients also posed a challenge to provinces as they implemented the INP. Government responded to most recommendations made b y nutrition experts. Supplementation, food fortification, growth monitoring and nutrition promotion programmes were implemented.
Brief communication: A fast vortex-based smearing correction for the actuator line

Abstract. The actuator line is a lifting line representation of aerodynamic surfaces in computational fluid dynamics applications but with non-singular forces, which reduces the self-induced velocities at the line. The vortex-based correction by Meyer Forsting et al. (2019a) recovers this missing induction and thus the intended lifting line behaviour of the actuator line. However, its computational cost exceeds that of existing tip corrections and quickly grows with blade discretization. Here we present different methods for reducing its computational cost to the level of existing corrections without jeopardizing the stability or accuracy of the original method. The cost is reduced by at least 98 %, whereas the power is maximally affected by 0.8 % with respect to the original formulation. This accelerated smearing correction remains a dynamic correction by modelling the variation in trailed vorticity over time. The correction is openly available (Meyer Forsting et al., 2019b).
In vitro Multiple Shoot Regeneration from Petunia hybrida

An efficient plant regeneration protocol was developed from in vitro germinated seeds of Petunia hybrida an ornamentally important plant in the family Solanaceae. Shoot tip and node explants of Petunia hybrida were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of Benzyl amino purine (BAP), 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and Gibberellic acid (GA3). The highest shoot length was obtained from MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP + 1 mg/l NAA. The highest shoot number (3 shoots/explant) were obtained from MS medium supplemented with 0.6 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l IBA. The isolated shoots were transferred to MS basal medium supplemented with different concentrations of GA3 ranging from 0.05, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mg/l for shoot elongation. The highest shoot length (5.75 cm) was recorded from the MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l GA3 +0.2 mg/l BAP. Rooting of regenerated shoots were achieved on MS medium supplemented with 0.1-1 mg/1 IBA and NAA. The regenerated shoots with well developed roots were successfully acclimatized and established in pots containing sterilized peat moss and grown under laboratory conditions with 70% survival rates.
ALKALI RESERVE IN BLOOD AND IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN EXPERIMENTAL ACIDOSIS

The object of this communication is to report the results obtained in a study of experimental acidosis in animals. The chief interest lies in investigation of the relationship between acid-base equilibrium in the blood and a similar equilibrium in the cerebrospinal fluid. The study of such a relationship, namely, of certain conditions under which artificial acidosis in the blood reflects on the acid-base balance in the cerebrospinal fluid, was inspired by bibliographic data of twofold nature: ( a ) publications of the last few years attributing great significance to acidosis in mental disorders 1 and to acidosic treatment (with a ketogenic diet) in epilepsy, 2 and ( b ) reports contending that blood substances reach and affect the nerve tissues mainly through the intermediation of the cerebrospinal fluid. 3 TOPICS AND METHOD OF STUDY In the light of the observations that the acid-base equilibrium of the cerebrospinal fluid is markedly more stable than the
A habit of social action

Youth social action—activities such as volunteering, campaigning, and fundraising—has gained traction in the UK and internationally in recent years as governments have supported initiatives to encourage adolescents to develop a ‘habit’ of social action. However, there is not convincing evidence on what a habit of social action is. This study involved a questionnaire with 4518 16–20-yearolds in the UK and finds that moral and civic virtue identity, perceived behavioural control, goal direction, and subjective norms are related to a habit of youth social action. A key contribution of this study is the development and application of a new measure of virtue identity—the Virtue Identity Measure—to which we pay particular attention in this article.
Characterization of the Immune Response during Infection Caused by Clostridioides difficile

The high risk of complications and death following Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) requires identifying patients with severe disease and treating them accordingly. We characterized the immune response of CDI patients in relation to infection severity. Concentrations of 28 cytokines and chemokines were measured in serum samples, obtained from 54 CDI patients within a median timeframe of 24–48 h after laboratory confirmation of C. difficile infection. Demographic and clinical data were retrospectively collected from medical records. Disease severity score was determined by “Score indices for Clostridioides difficile infection severity”. Of 54 patients (mean age, 76.6 years, 61.1% female), 38 (70.4%) had mild disease and 16 (29.6%) had moderate disease. Seven cytokines were associated with a more severe CDI: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (p = 0.0106), interleukin (IL)-1β (p = 0.004), IL-8 (p = 0.0098), IL-12p70 (p = 0.0118), interferon-α (p = 0.0282), IL-15 (p = 0.0015), and IL-2 (p = 0.0031). Additionally, there was an increased T-helper 1 response in more severe cases of CDI. Cytokines may serve as biomarkers for early prediction of CDI severity. Better and earlier assessment of illness severity will contribute to the adjustment of medical treatment, including monitoring and follow-up.
A study on prevalence of paramphistomum in cattle slaughtered in Gondar Elfora Abattoir, Ethiopia

A cross sectional study was carried out from October 2010 to April 2011 in Gondar Elfora Abattoir to determine the prevalence of paramphistomosis in cattle (local, cross) breeds which were came from highland, mid highland and lowland areas. Three hundred eighty-four (384) cattle were included for routine ante-mortem and postmortem examination for the presence of paramphistomum. The parasite was examined grossly and under microscope to appreciate the morphology of adult paramphistomum. Out of 384 cattle examined, 199 (51.82%) were found to be positive for paramphistomosis. From 199 infected cattle fluke burden at organ level 125(62.81%) was in rumen, 40(20.1%) was in reticulum and 34(17.09%) was found mixed (rumen and reticulum). The existence of paraphistomum in respect to organ and origin, 56(44.80%) was in rumen and 20(50%) was found in reticulum predominantly in high and low land respectively. The highest infection of cattle with paramphistomum species was found during October to November. However, there is no statistical significance variation (p >0.05) between the prevalence of paramphistomum and that of origin, breed, and age groups of the animals. Integrated control approach using selected anthelmintic therapy and snail control to reduce the magnitude of the problem was suggested as a recommendation. Key words: Elfora abattoir, cattle, Gondar, paramphistomosis, prevalence
Enhancement of quality of life in progressive supranuclear palsy: a review of clinical practice elements

Aim: In the absence of a disease-modifying therapy, the aim of this review is to investigate how, and to what extent, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) affects patient quality of life (QoL) and thus establish a QoL-based approach to clinical practice. Method: A literature review was conducted using the search engines PubMed, Ovid and Google Scholar. Study and review abstracts from the literature search were analysed and marked for inclusion if they contained the following terms in reference to PSP: ‘prevalence’, ‘diagnosis’, ‘quality of life’ and ‘rehabilitation’. Only journals written in English and available to the University of Liverpool were included in this review. Results: PSP has a negative bearing on patient QoL, affecting almost all aspects of the patient’s daily living. However, a standard approach to clinical practice has not been established in the literature. Furthermore, studies fail to relate how current strategies of rehabilitation influence patient QoL. Conclusion: Early diagnosis is particularly associated with enhanced QoL, and although a limited amount of success can be associated with current strategies of rehabilitation, the feasibility of such interventions is limited to a very select group of patients.
Vermicomposting of grass and newspaper waste mixed with cow dung using Eisenia fetida: physicochemical changes

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different types of organic wastes (grass and newspaper wastes, cow dung and their combination) on physicochemical properties during vermicomposting using Eisenia fetida. Three set-ups were conducted in which three experiments were for composting (controls) indicated as C1 for newspaper waste, C2 for grass waste and C3 for cattle dung and the corresponding replicates for vermicomposting processes for grass and cattle dung were T1 to T7 and mixed of newspaper, grass and cattle dung were T8-T13. A significant difference was detected among weight and number of Eisenia fetida in treatments, which the highest weight and population growth of worms occurred in T7 (60% of newspaper, 30% of cattle dung and 10% of grass waste). Compared to control treatment (without earthworms), vermicomposting treatment resulted in a decrease of organic carbon and C/N ratio after 30 days. Vermicomposting caused significant reduction in organic carbon (3.9-32.8% ) and C/N ratio (7.9–33.6%). The heavy metals degradation was evaluated after 90 days and at the end of the experiment the concentration of As, and Cd significantly decreased. This study clearly indicates that vermicomposting is a suitable technology for bioconversion of newspaper waste, grass clipping and cow dung to valuable material.
Impact of insecticides on the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on cabbage in northern Benin

Description of the subject. The article deals with the study of compatibility of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species with insecticides currently used against diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.) in northern Benin Objectives. The aim of this work was to determine the impact of five insecticides on the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against DBM larvae. Method. Infective juveniles (IJs) of two EPN species (Steinernema sp. 83a and Heterorhabditis sonorensis KF723827) were exposed to five insecticides used against P. xylostella larvae in Djougou for 48 h. The number of surviving nematodes was used to infest DBM larvae. The experiment was carried out under laboratory and semi-field conditions. Results. The bioassays carried out in laboratory showed that the survival rate of nematodes exposed to KARATE 2.5 WG, LAMBDA SUPER 2.5EC or neem oil ranges between 95% and 98%. In the treated plots, Steinernema sp. 83a was the most virulent with the highest P. xylostella mortality (87% at 50 IJs·cm-2 after 24 h) while only 35% larval mortality was recorded for H. sonorensis applied at the same dose. Population density of nematodes which penetrated DBM larvae reached 9 ± 3I IJs·larva-1 for H. sonorensis KF723827 and 6 ± 2 IJs·larva-1 for Steinernema sp. 83a. In cadaver of DBM, nematode reproduction did not appear to be affected by the contact with insecticides. Conclusions. Based on our research, we conclude that the three insecticides did not affect EPNs efficiency and could be used in combination against DBM.
El Mednifico Journal: Objectively galvanizing research culture in students

Editorial Research is, in principle, a refined aspect of human nature to be inquisitive. It is a continuum that lies between the confines of comprehension and curiosity. However, this “instinct” is often found to be lacking in majority of students from Pakistan, who consider research to be an insignificant formality and place it lower down in the list of priorities. This mentality sprouts from the fact that most students harbor the traditional point of view of research being a “game played by professionals. ” This, coupled with the lack of research infrastructure and a paucity of available journals that offer incentives to students, implies that the brains of Pakistani students are never challenged enough, and majority of them are deprived of opportunities to learn and apply the scientific method. The situation in Pakistan is a direct contrast of that in other countries such as Germany, where medical students have been reported to be involved in 28% of the publications of one institution [1].
Levels of some biochemical markers in sera of pregnant and non-pregnant lactating dairy cows in Baghdad, Iraq

This study aimed to measure the biochemical markers including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), total proteins, albumin, globulin, albumin / globulin (A/G) ratio, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and total bilirubin in sera of dairy cows from the period of February-2016 to March-2018. For this purpose, 78 dairy cows of 3 years old reared at some areas of Baghdad province were subjected to blood sampling from the jugular vein. Study values (mean ± standard error) of ALT, AST, GGT, A/G ratio and total bilirubin markers were found outside the normal ranges of international reference values. Conversely, ALP, CK, total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose and BUN were found within the normal ranges of international reference values. To investigate changes that occur during late stage of pregnancy, study animals were dividedinto two groups (non-pregnant lactating and pregnant dairy cows). Statistically, significant decrease (P0.05) was encountered in values (M ± SE) of ALT, AST, and GGT enzymes; and significant increase (P0.05) in ALP and CK values of pregnant compared to nonpregnant dairy cows. Data concerning the serum proteins, results also indicated a significant increase (P0.05) in values of total protein, whereas there no significant differences (P>0.05) were showed in values of albumin, globulin and A/G ratio. Pregnant dairy cows were showed a significant increase (P0.05) in values of BUN and total bilirubin; however, glucose appeared without significant differences (P>0.05). It has been concluded that the lactation and gestation periods have a great impact on activity of biochemical indices in blood of dairy cows; therefore, there is a need for constant periodic monitoring for the described indices in this study to maintenance on animal’s health status.
Current and Emerging Therapies for Ocular Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Infections

Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic, double-stranded DNA virus that can cause a wide variety of diseases, including many ocular pathologies. It is one of the leading causes of infectious blindness in the United States. Because of its ubiquitous nature and its potential to cause serious ocular maladies, there is a significant need for more effective antiviral therapies against ocular HSV-1. In this review, we discuss the lifecycle of HSV-1 as it pertains to corneal infections and the clinically approved as well as emerging treatments to combat HSV-1 infections. We also highlight some newly identified host targets for the antiviral drug development.
S0003055419000352 883..901

Are legislators responsive to the priorities of the public? Research demonstrates a strong correspondence between the issues about which the public cares and the issues addressed by politicians, but conclusive evidence about who leads whom in setting the political agenda has yet to be uncovered.Weanswer this questionwithfine-grained temporal analysesofTwittermessagesby legislators and thepublic during the 113thUSCongress.After employinganunsupervisedmethod that classifies tweets sent by legislators and citizens into topics, we use vector autoregressionmodels to explore whose prioritiesmore strongly predict the relationship between citizens and politicians. We find that legislators are more likely to follow, than to lead, discussionofpublic issues, results that hold even after controlling for the agenda-setting effects of the media. We also find, however, that legislators are more likely to be responsive to their supporters than to the general public.
Real-time Memory Efficient Large-pose Face Alignment via Deep Evolutionary Network

There is an urgent need to apply face alignment in a memory-efficient and real-time manner due to the recent explosion of face recognition applications. However, impact factors such as large pose variation and computational inefficiency, still hinder its broad implementation. To this end, we propose a computationally efficient deep evolutionary model integrated with 3D Diffusion Heap Maps (DHM). First, we introduce a sparse 3D DHM to assist the initial modeling process under extreme pose conditions. Afterward, a simple and effective CNN feature is extracted and fed to Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) for evolutionary learning. To accelerate the model, we propose an efficient network structure to accelerate the evolutionary learning process through a factorization strategy. Extensive experiments on three popular alignment databases demonstrate the advantage of the proposed models over the state-of-the-art, especially under large-pose conditions. Notably, the computational speed of our model is 6 times faster than the state-of-the-art on CPU and 14 times on GPU. We also discuss and analyze the limitations of our models and future research work.
Surreal: Complex-Valued Deep Learning as Principled Transformations on a Rotational Lie Group

Complex-valued deep learning has attracted increasing attention in recent years, due to its versatility and ability to capture more information. However, the lack of well-defined complex-valued operations remains a bottleneck for further advancement. In this work, we propose a geometric way to define deep neural networks on the space of complex numbers by utilizing weighted Frechet mean. We mathematically prove the viability of our algorithm. We also define basic building blocks such as convolution, non-linearity, and residual connections tailored for the space of complex numbers. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model, we compare our complex-valued network comprehensively with its real state-of-the-art counterpart on the MSTAR classification task and achieve better performance, while utilizing less than 1% of the parameters.
Nanovortex‐Driven All‐Dielectric Optical Diffusion Boosting and Sorting Concept for Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Platforms

The ever‐growing field of microfluidics requires precise and flexible control over fluid flows at reduced scales. Current constraints demand a variety of controllable components to carry out several operations inside microchambers and microreactors. In this context, brand‐new nanophotonic approaches can significantly enhance existing capabilities providing unique functionalities via finely tuned light−matter interactions. A concept is proposed, featuring dual on‐chip functionality: boosted optically driven diffusion and nanoparticle sorting. High‐index dielectric nanoantennae is specially designed to ensure strongly enhanced spin−orbit angular momentum transfer from a laser beam to the scattered field. Hence, subwavelength optical nanovortices emerge driving spiral motion of plasmonic nanoparticles via the interplay between curl−spin optical forces and radiation pressure. The nanovortex size is an order of magnitude smaller than that provided by conventional beam‐based approaches. The nanoparticles mediate nanoconfined fluid motion enabling moving‐part‐free nanomixing inside a microchamber. Moreover, exploiting the nontrivial size dependence of the curled optical forces makes it possible to achieve precise nanoscale sorting of gold nanoparticles, demanded for on‐chip separation and filtering. Altogether, a versatile platform is introduced for further miniaturization of moving‐part‐free, optically driven microfluidic chips for fast chemical analysis, emulsion preparation, or chemical gradient generation with light‐controlled navigation of nanoparticles, viruses or biomolecules.
SeCoST:: Sequential Co-Supervision for Large Scale Weakly Labeled Audio Event Detection

Weakly supervised learning algorithms are critical for scaling audio event detection to several hundreds of sound categories. Such learning models should not only disambiguate sound events efficiently with minimal class-specific annotation but also be robust to label noise, which is more apparent with weak labels instead of strong annotations. In this work, we propose a new framework for designing learning models with weak supervision by bridging ideas from sequential learning and knowledge distillation. We refer to the proposed methodology as SeCoST (pronounced Sequest) — Sequential Co-supervision for training generations of Students. SeCoST incrementally builds a cascade of student-teacher pairs via a novel knowledge transfer method. Our evaluations on Audioset (the largest weakly labeled dataset available) show that SeCoST achieves a mean average precision of 0.383 while outperforming prior state of the art by a considerable margin.