Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Existence, Uniqueness, and Determinacy of Equilibria in Complete Security Markets with Infinite Dimensional Martingale Generator

There is a strong evidence that most of financial variables are better described by a combination of diffusion and jump processes. Considering such evidence, researchers have studied security market models with jumps, in particular, in the context of option pricing. In most of their models, jump magnitude is specified as a continuously distributed random variable at each jump time. Then, the dimensionality of martingale generator, which can be interpreted as the “number of sources of uncertainty” in markets is infinite, and no finite set of securities can complete markets. In security market economy with infinite dimensional martingale generator, no equilibrium analysis has been conducted thus far. We assume approximately complete markets (Bjork et al. [10] [11]) in which a continuum of bonds are traded and any contingent claim can be approximately replicated with an arbitrary precision. We introduce the notion of approximate security market equilibrium in which an agent is allowed to choose a consumption plan approximately supported with any prescribed precision. We prove that an approximate security market equilibrium in approximately complete markets can be identified with an Arrow-Debreu equilibrium. Then, we present sufficient conditions for the existence of equilibria in the case of stochastic differential utilities with Inada condition, and for the existence, uniqueness, and determinacy of equilibria in the case of additively separable utilities. JEL No. C62, D51, G10. This paper was written under supervision of Professor Jan Werner, University of Minnesota. I am grateful for comments of participants of presentations at University of Minnesota, Japanese Economic Association Fall 2002 Conference, and Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
Formation of abrasion-resistant coatings of the AlSiFe x Mn y intermetallic compound type on the AISI 304L alloy

The α-Al 9 FeMnSi and β-Al 9 FeMn 2 Si intermetallics formed by reactive sintering of Al, Si, Mn, Fe, Cr and Ni powders have been used in AISI 304L steels to enhance microhardness. Processing variables of the reactive sintering treatment were temperature (600, 650, 700, 750 and 800 °C), pressure (5, 10 y 20 MPa) and holding time (3600, 5400 y 7200 seconds). Experimental results show that temperature is the most important variable affecting the substrate/coating formation, while pressure does not appear to have a significant effect. The results show the optimum conditions of the reactive sintering that favor the substrate/coating formation are 800 °C, 20 MPa and 7200 seconds. Under these conditions, the reaction zone between the substrate and coating is more compacted and well-adhered, with a microhardness of 1300 Vickers. The results of SEM and X-Ray diffraction confirmed the formation of α-Al 9 FeMnSi and β-Al 9 FeMn 2 Si intermetallics in the substrate/coating interface as well as the presence of Cr and Ni, indicating diffusion of these two elements from the substrate to the interface.
Goodness-of-fit test for ergodic diffusions by discrete-time observations: an innovation martingale approach

We consider a nonparametric goodness-of-fit test problem for the drift coefficient of one-dimensional ergodic diffusions. Our test is based on the discrete-time observation of the processes, and the diffusion coefficient is a nuisance function which is estimated in some sense in our testing procedure. We prove that the limit distribution of our test is the supremum of the standard Brownian motion, and thus our test is asymptotically distribution free. We also show that our test is consistent under any fixed alternatives.
Awareness of Danger Signs of Pregnancy and its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women who Visit ANC in Mekelle Public Hospitals

The main objective of this study was to assess awareness of danger signs of pregnancy and its associated factors in Mekelle public hospitals, 2014. Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted among 422 pregnant mothers. Data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaire; it was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16. The data were presented using texts, graphs and tables. Out of the total participants of this study 79.6% mothers had information about danger signs of pregnancy from which 61.9% mothers had information about vaginal bleeding followed by sudden gush of fluid before labor which was mentioned by 41.9% of respondents. Severe unusual abdominal pain was the least known danger signs as mentioned by 19 % of mothers. The main source of information for the danger signs was health personnel and Negligence was the main reason for not having good awareness about danger signs of pregnancy. Therefore, health extension workers should strengthen their awareness creation activities; community mobilization and health education should be considered with policy makers and other interested organizations.
Direct photons at large pT : from RHIC to LHC

Using the color dipole formalism we study the production of direct photons in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at energies corresponding to RHIC and LHC experiments. Prompt photons produced in a hard reaction are not accompanied with any final state interaction, either energy loss or absorption. Therefore, in the RHIC en- ergy range besides small isotopic corrections one should not expect any nuclear e ects at large pT . However, data from the PHENIX experiment indicates a significant large-pT suppression in d+Au and central Au+Au collisions that cannot be accompanied by coher- ent phenomena. We demonstrate that such an unexpected result is subject to the energy sharing problem universally induced by multiple initial state interactions (ISI) at large pT and/or at forward rapidities. In the LHC kinematic region ISI corrections are irrelevant at mid rapidities but cause rather strong suppression at forward rapidities. We present for the first time predictions for expected nuclear e ects at large pT in p + Pb and Pb + Pb collisions at di erent rapidities. We include and analyze also a contribution of coher- ent e ects associated with gluon shadowing modifying nuclear e ects predominantly at small and medium-high pT .
Evaluation of in vitro antifungal activity of medicinal plants against phytopathogenic fungi

Fourteen medicinal plants belonging to 13 families were collected and extracted with petroleum ether (PE), chloroform, methanol and water to yield 60 crude extracts. Using agar diffusion method, these extracts were evaluated for antifungal activity on the growth of five phytopathogenic fungi. Among all the extracts tested, PE, chloroform and methanol extracts of Piper betle L. and PE and chloroform extracts of Allamanda cathartica exhibited promising antifungal activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the above promising extracts were determined using broth dilution technique and observed that chloroform extract of P. betle L. exhibited the least MIC value ranging from 280 to 1130 μg ml−1. In this study, we report chloroform extract of P. betle L. to be thermally stable even when steam sterilised for the first time and that it could be stored at 4°C with almost no change in its activity for a period of 180 days.
NORTH AMERICAN ELK BUGLE VOCALIZATIONS: MALE AND FEMALE BUGLE CALL STRUCTURE AND CONTEXT

Abstract Bugle calls of male North American elk (Cervus elaphus) are common sounds during fall in the Canadian and United States Rocky Mountains. In contrast, bugle calls of female elk are rarely heard. We quantified the acoustic structure of elk bugle calls, which is an essential 1st step to understanding of the function of the call. We also investigated whether motivation–structural rules apply to these long-distance calls. We measured male elk bugle calls in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, during autumn of 1998 and 1999 and we measured female elk bugle calls on 2 Colorado elk ranches (private establishments that raise elk for commercial purposes) during spring of 2001 and 2002. All bugle calls had 3 segments: on-glide, whistle, and off-glide. Male bugle calls were longer in duration than female bugle calls (P < 0.01). Bugle calls emitted in aggressive interactions had 4 or 5 low-frequency formants, resulting in harsher, wider bandwidth bugles (P < 0.001) compared to the tonal calls emitted in nonaggressive contexts, which lacked formants. Thus, elk bugle calls appear to conform to motivation–structural rules.
Analysing soccer using perturbation attempts

Dynamical systems theory describes how behaviours can deviate through a series of states (stable or unstable) before returning to an original stable state. It has been suggested that squash performance exhibits properties akin to a dynamical system and demonstrated that squash experts were able to reliably discriminate weak or strong shots that gave one player a distinct advantage over their opponent. They argued that experts were essentially identifying “perturbations” which they defined as incidents that change a system state from a stable to an unstable situation or vice versa. Similarly, in this paper we examine ball possession in soccer and consider those where neither team has a distinct advantage as being a stable situation and perturbation attempts as those where an effort is made to gain a distinct advantage. This study assessed the relative frequency and success rate of perturbation attempts in relation to the match status (match score at the time of the incident). A hand notation system was designed to record the variables of interest (players involved, pitch locations, behaviours performed and behaviour outcomes). Eight domestic league matches from the 2007/2008 season involving a Coca-Cola League One team were analysed. Results indicated that the home team made significantly less perturbation attempts (11.78% of total possessions) compared to the away teams (17.54%) but that generally perturbation attempts were more likely to be unsuccessful than successful (Z = 2.37, p < 0.05). Future studies need to assess if the frequency of perturbation attempts and perturbation success rates are related to playing standard.
Queueing systems with rationally inattentive customers

Problem definition: Classical models of queueing systems with rational and strategic customers assume queues to be either fully visible or invisible, while service parameters are known with certainty. In practice, however, people only have “partial information” on the service environment, in the sense that they are not able to fully discern prevalent uncertainties. This is because assessing possible delays and rewards is costly, as it requires time, attention, and cognitive capacity, which are all limited. On the other hand, people are also adaptive and endogenously respond to information frictions. Methodology: We develop an equilibrium model for a single-server queueing system with customers having limited attention. Following the theory of rational inattention, we assume that customers optimize their learning strategies by deciding the type and amount of information to acquire and act accordingly while internalizing the associated costs. Results: We establish the existence and uniqueness of a customer equilibrium when customers allocate their attention to learn uncertain queue lengths and delineate the impact of service characteristics. We provide a complete spectrum of the impact of information costs on throughput and show numerically that throughput might be nonmonotone. This is also reflected in social welfare if the firm’s profit margin is high enough, although customer welfare always suffers from information costs. Managerial implications: We identify service settings where service firms and social planners should be most cautious for customers’ limited attention and translate our results to advisable strategies for information provision and service design. For example, we recommend firms to avoid partial hindrance of queue-length information when a low-demand service is not highly valued by customers. For a popular service that customers value reasonably highly, however, partial hindrance of information is particularly advisable. Academic/practical relevance: We propose a microfounded framework for strategic customer behavior in queues that links beliefs, rewards, and information costs. It offers a holistic perspective on the impact of information prevalence (and information frictions) on operational performance and can be extended to analyze richer customer behavior and complex queue structures, rendering it a valuable tool for service design.
In-Situ and Remotely-Sensed Observations of Biomass Burning Aerosols at Doi Ang Khang, Thailand During 7-SEAS BASELInE 2015

ABSTRACTThe spring 2015 deployment of a suite of instrumentation at Doi Ang Khang (DAK) in northwestern Thailand enabled the characterization of air masses containing smoke aerosols from burning predominantly in Myanmar. Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Sun photometer data were used to validate Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6 ‘Deep Blue’ aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals; MODIS Terra and Aqua provided results of similar quality, with correlation coefficients of 0.93–0.94 and similar agreement within expected uncertainties to global-average performance. Scattering and absorption measurements were used to compare surface and total column aerosol single scatter albedo (SSA); while the two were well-correlated, and showed consistent positive relationships with moisture (increasing SSA through the season as surface relative humidity and total columnar water vapor increased), in-situ surface-level SSA was nevertheless significantly lower by 0.12–0.17. This could be related to vertical heterogeneity and/or instrumental issues. DAK is at ~1,500 m above sea level in heterogeneous terrain, and the resulting strong diurnal variability in planetary boundary layer depth above the site leads to high temporal variability in both surface and column measurements, and acts as a controlling factor to the ratio between surface particulate matter (PM) levels and column AOD. In contrast, while some hygroscopic effects were observed relating to aerosol particle size and Angstrom exponent, relative humidity variations appear to be less important for the PM:AOD ratio here.
Data Selection as the Basis for Better Value Modelling

Abstract The article is a voice in the debate on the scope of the application of statistical methods in real estate appraisal, written from the comparative perspective. It presents the results of an illustrative valuation of housing units with the use of databases of various sizes, constructed on the basis of publicly available data from the register of property prices and values. Against this background, the article presents an analysis of differences between the objectives and published results of valuations, which exemplify broadly understood property price modelling or property value modelling, as well as of activities focused around appraising a specific object. The conducted experiments demonstrated that, for the purposes of real estate appraisal itself, the selection of data is more useful than searching for a price model.
Science communication and the issue of trust

Science communication, whether internally or to the general public depends on trust, both trust in the source and trust in the medium of communication. With the new 'ecology of communication' this trust is endangered. On the one hand the very term of science communication has been captured by many different actors (e.g., governments, PR experts, universities and research institutions, science journalists, and bloggers) apart from scientists themselves to whom science communication means different things and whose communication is tainted by special interests. Some of these actors are probably more trusted by the general public than others. On the other hand, the channels that are used to communicate science are also not trusted equally. Particularly the widespread use of social media raises doubts about the credibility of the communication spread through them.
Transport and magnetization in the badly metallic itinerant ferromagnet SrRuO3

SrRuO3 is an itinerant ferromagnet with Tc 160 K and a 'bad metal' in the limit of kF l D O.1/. While the magnetic properties of SrRuO3 in the paramagnetic phase, near the ferromagnetic phase transition and at low temperatures are normal and consistent with its being a strong itinerant ferromagnet, the transport properties (resistivity and magnetoresistance) sharply deviate from that of good metallic ferromagnets. We conjecture that the distinct transport behaviour of SrRuO3 is related to its being a 'bad metal' in the kF l D O.1/ limit, and discuss the possible relevance of our results to the unusual transport properties of other 'bad metals' such as high-temperature superconductors.
Prediction of genotypic values and estimation of genetic parameters in common bean

Dezoito genotipos de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) foram avaliados em 25 ambientes do estado de Sao Paulo durante os anos de 2001 e 2002. As estimativas de parâmetros geneticos por REML e a predicao de valores genotipicos via BLUP foram obtidas por meio do aplicativo computacional Selegen REML/BLUP, seguindo o modelo misto para linhagens. A estimativa da herdabilidade no sentido amplo para producao de graos foi baixa (0,03), por ser em nivel de parcelas individuais e livre dos efeitos da interacao com anos, epocas e locais. No entanto, a herdabilidade ao nivel de medias de linhagens ao longo dos varios ambientes foi alta (0,75), permitindo alta acuracia (0,87) na selecao de linhagens para plantio no ambiente medio. Dentre os 18 genotipos, nove apresentaram valores genotipicos preditos superiores a media geral. O ganho genetico predito com a selecao da melhor linhagem, no caso, a linhagem Gen 96A31 do IAC, foi de 16,25%.
SERUM LEAD, COPPER AND ZINC IN CHILDREN WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Corresponding Author: Wagdy A. Elsayed Email: wagdyattia@yahoo.com ABSTRACT Background: Bronchial asthma is chronic inflammatory of the lung airways resulting in episodic airflow obstruction. Lead exposure results in alteration of immune system function resulting in asthma. Zinc, copper are component of antioxidant system and alteration of their level affect increase risk of asthma. Objective:. Determine the serum level of lead, zinc, copper in children with bronchial asthma and study their relation to development of asthma Patients and methods: The patient group included 38 full-term newborn infants diagnosed as having bronchial asthma who were selected from pediatric department Benha Teaching Hospital. The control group included 17 healthy child age and sex matched C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by the ELISA technique (highly sensitive CRP). ESR was performed by the Wintrobe method, Serum lead was determined by atomic absorption method. Serum copper and zinc were determined by calorimetric method. Results: Serum copper and zinc were elevated in asthmatic children compared to controls with no relation to clinical manifestations or laboratory parameters . Serum lead showed no difference among patients and controls however it increased in severe cases compared moderate and mild cases and correlated positively with duration of admission. Conclusion:. : We determined serum copper, zinc and lead in children with bronchial asthma. We found elevated serum copper and zinc in asthmatic children compared to controls with no relation to clinical manifestations or laboratory parameters . Serum lead showed no difference among patients and controls, however it increased in severe cases compared moderate and mild cases and correlated positively with duration of admission. These results indicate importance of environmental exposure as a risk factor of asthma in children
Return on Asset and Return on Equity Effects of Net Operating Cycle: Jordanian Study

One indicator of short-term liquidity uses the activity ratios as a liquidity measure. The net operating cycle of a firm is the sum of the number of days it takes to sell inventory and the number of days until the resulting receivables are converted to cash subtracting the number of days of payables. The current study aims to inspect the effect of the net operating cycle on the profitability of Jordanian services’ sector represented by return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) during the period from 2009 until 2013. The results of the study shows that there is no significant effect of net operating cycle on health care and hotels sectors’ return on asset (ROA), there is no significant effect of net operating cycle on health care sectors’ return on asset (ROA) and there is no significant effect of net operating cycle on hotels sectors’ return on asset (ROA). Also the results indicates that there is no significant effect of net operating cycle on health care and hotels sectors’ return on equity (ROE), there is no significant effect of net operating cycle on health care sectors’ return on equity (ROE) and there is no significant effect of net operating cycle on hotels sectors’ return on equity (ROE). Keywords: Net Operating Cycle, Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Amman Stock Exchange (ASE).
Significance of swimming and feeding currents for nutrient uptake in osmotrophic and interception feeding flagellates

We introduce 2 simple models for the flow generated by a self-propelled flagellate: a sphere propelled by a cylindrical flagellum and one propelled by an external point force. We use these models to examine the role of advection in enhancing feeding rates in 3 situations: (1) osmotroph feeding on dissolved molecules, (2) interception feeding on non-motile prey particles, and (3) interception feeding on motile prey (such as bacteria). We show that the Sherwood number is close to unity for osmotrophic flagellates, as suggested by most previous models. However, a more correct representation of the flow field than that predicted by a naive sinking sphere model leads to substantially higher clearance rates for interception-feeding flagellates. We find that a short flagellum is favourable for interception feeding, but at the cost of an increase in the drag on the body of the swimming unicell. We finally demonstrate that prey motility significantly enhances prey encounter rates in interception-feeding flagellates and is, in fact, often much more important for food acquisition than the feeding current.
A characterization of Sobolev spaces via local derivatives

Let 1 ≤ p <∞, k ≥ 1, and let Ω ⊂ R be an arbitrary open set. We prove a converse of the Calderón–Zygmund theorem that a function f ∈ W (Ω) possesses an L derivative of order k at almost every point x ∈ Ω and obtain a characterization of the space W (Ω). Our method is based on distributional arguments and a pointwise inequality due to Bojarski and Hajłasz.
Comparing and contrasting smartphone and non-smartphone usage

This paper presents a large-scale network wide analysis of both user behaviour and network dynamics in a live nationwide 2G/3G network. The employed data set tracks over one million subscribers across upwards of ten thousand base stations covering the entirety of the Republic of Ireland. The data set was captured in 2011 and includes a large group of bill-pay and pre-pay smartphone subscribers. The proliferation of smartphones has been a major and recent change to networks worldwide. In light of the recent changes in network access technologies much of the earlier work in this field is now out of date. This paper compares and contrasts the traffic usage of smartphone subscribers and nonsmartphone subscribers. A key aim of this work is to quantify and qualify the change brought about by smartphones. Unlike previous studies, we look to the future by treating all traffic including voice calls and SMS as an equivalent data service, as will be the case in 4G. This paper also explores the temporal and spatial properties of both bill-pay and pre-pay smartphone usage and concludes by summarising our key findings & their implications.