Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crustal deformation in the New Madrid seismic zone and the role of postseismic processes

Global Navigation Satellite System data across the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) in the central United States over the period from 2000 through 2014 are analyzed and modeled with several deformation mechanisms including the following: (1) creep on subsurface dislocations, (2) postseismic frictional afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation from the 1811–1812 and 1450 earthquakes in the NMSZ, and (3) regional strain. In agreement with previous studies, a dislocation creeping at about 4 mm/yr between 12 and 20 km depth along the downdip extension of the Reelfoot fault reproduces the observations well. We find that a dynamic model of postseismic frictional afterslip from the 1450 and February 1812 Reelfoot fault events can explain this creep. Kinematic and dynamic models involving the Cottonwood Grove fault provide minimal predictive power. This is likely due to the smaller size of the December 1811 event on the Cottonwood Grove fault and a distribution of stations better suited to constrain localized strain across the Reelfoot fault. Regional compressive strain across the NMSZ is found to be less than 3 × 10−9/yr. If much of the present‐day surface deformation results from afterslip, it is likely that many of the earthquakes we see today in the NMSZ are aftershocks from the 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes. Despite this conclusion, our results are consistent with observations and models of intraplate earthquake clustering. Given this and the recent paleoseismic history of the region, we suggest that seismic hazard is likely to remain significant.
A policy analysis of procurement practices among grocery retailers in Zimbabwe

This study was undertaken with the aim of exposing the policies and practices of grocery retailers in Zimbabwe. The research was prompted by the paucity of data on grocery retailing in the country and yet this sector is one of the key economic activities in the country today. Since procurement is the nerve centre of all retail activities, this exploratory study was undertaken in a bid to generate insight and issues for further research in this area. A multiple case study approach was adopted for the study in which ten (10) major retailers in terms of turnover and employment were taken as the study units. Researcher administered questionnaires aimed at the chief or principal buyers of the chosen retailers were the primary data collection instruments. Secondary data in the form of company documents were also used to augment the primary data collection techniques employed by the researchers. This study revealed that there was a yawning absence of clear cut buying policies and procedures among grocery retailers in Zimbabwe. In relation to buying practices, this paper revealed that, retail buying was largely a decentralised activity. The study also revealed that, although there were a number of buying issues and concerns affecting the retailers buying practices in Zimbabwe, their practices largely reflected international theory and practice. The paper therefore recommends that all the issues and retail buying challenges raised in this paper be subjected to further research in order to provide a richer data base for the retailing sector in the country. In addition, more specific buying recommendations could be put forward for each issue or challenge to be probed further.
STUDY OF A GENERAL USE GREASE RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR INFLUENCE ON LUBRICATION

The paper presents the rheological behavior of a MP multifunctional grease (additived, for EP, containing Li and Ca soaps– for general use), experimentally obtained on the THERMO-HAAKE Viscotester VT550, as correlations, at different temperatures, between 15-60C. It results a strong non-Newtonian behavior, with threshold, time depending (tixotropy or rheopexy, depending on the operating conditions). With the aid of the rheological parameters, obtained from the experiments, it is analyzed the influence on a ball bearing frictional coefficient in the contact zone ball-inner ring, in the case of the elasto-hydrodynamic-lubrication (EHL).
EVALUATION OF UDDER TRAITS OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF (WAD) GOATS AND SHEEP IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

Udder traits of extensively managed 229 West African Dwarf (WAD) goats and 143 three West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep in Southwestern Nigeria were evaluated and factors affecting them were determined. Traits evaluated were udder and teat morphometrics including udder length (UL), udder width (UW), udder circumference (UC), distance between teats (DT), teat length (TL), teat width (TW) and teat circumference (TC). Udder and teat shapes and teat placement were also evaluated. In WAD goats, the average UL, UW, UC and DT were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by age, parity and physiological status (pregnancy and lactation status) but age alone significantly (p<0.05) influenced TL, TW and TC. In sheep, age, pregnancy and lactation status significantly (p<0.05) influenced TL and UC respectively. In both species, all udder and teat dimensions increased with age and parity while largest and smallest udder and teat dimensions were observed for lactating and non-lactating (dry) animals respectively. The average UL, UW, UC, DT, TL, TW and TC of WAD goats were 12.44 ± 0.15 cm, 8.81 ± 0.11 cm, 26.81 ± 0.32 cm, 8.27 ± 0.09 cm, 2.40 ± 0.02 cm, 1.22 ± 0.02 cm and 3.11 ± 0.03 cm respectively. The average UL, UW, UC, DT, TL, TW and TC of WAD sheep were 11.30 ± 0.15 cm, 8.78 ± 0.13 cm, 26.21 ± 0.36 cm, 9.02 ± 0.12 cm, 2.10 ± 0.02 cm, 1.19 ± 0.02 cm and 3.06 ± 0.03 cm respectively. It is evident that WAD goats had larger udder size than WAD sheep, thus, indicating greater milk production potentials. Udder shapes found in WAD goats and sheep were bowl, cylindrical and funnel with the latter not found in sheep. Bottle, cylindrical and funnel shaped teats were found in both species while vertical and oblique teat placements were recorded in both species. In both goats and sheep, bowl shaped udder was the most predominant with 57.20% and 83.92% occurrence respectively. Cylindrical shaped teat was most prevalent in both species with 64.43% and 83.91% occurrence respectively. Oblique (tilted) teat placement was the most frequent in both species with 77.73% and 95.10% occurrence respectively in goats. High positive significant (p<0.05) phenotypic correlations were found between UL and UW (r = 0.68), UL and UC (r = 0.62), UL and DT (r = 0.42), UW and UC (r = 0.73), UW and DT (r = 0.59), UC and DT (r = 0.53). In sheep, high positive significant (p<0.05) phenotypic correlations were also found between UL and UW (r = 0.74), UL and UC (r = 0.65), UL and DT (r = 0.53), UW and UC (r = 0.72), UW and DT (r = 0.65), UC and DT (r = 0.54). In essence, this could be a basis for selecting udder traits of WAD goats and sheep as an indirect response in multiple traits selection programme especially for milk production .
Presence of abdominal appendages in females of Caprella equilibra Say, 1818 (Peracarida, Amphipoda): is Metacaprella Mayer, 1903 a valid genus?

Detailed morphological studies of the caprellid abdomen are necessary to understand the evolution of this group. According to the diagnosis of the genus Caprella, the abdomen of males is provided with a pair of uni- or bi-articulate appendages and a pair of lobes, and females only have the pair of lobes and lack appendages. However, during a monitoring study of Caprella equilibra in southern Spain, we found that 7% of the females were provided with abdominal appendages, revealing that there is intraspecific variation of the female abdomen, even in the same population. The intrageneric and even intraspecific evidence of morphological variation of the abdominal appendages in Caprella and Metacaprella indicates that the external morphology of these appendages is not an ontogenetically and morphologically stable character to diagnose a genus. Consequently, this study supports the evidence that the abdominal appendage is a polymorphic and symplesiomorphic character in Caprella and Metacaprella, and that Metacaprella is not a valid genus.
From bell shapes to pyramids: a continuum model for self-assembled quantum dot growth

A continuum model for the growth of self-assembled quantum dots that incorporates surface diffusion, an elastically deformable substrate, wetting interactions and anisotropic surface energy is presented. Using a small slope approximation a thin film equation for the surface profile that describes facetted growth is derived. A linear stability analysis shows that anisotropy acts to destabilize the surface. It lowers the critical height of flat films and there exists an anisotropy strength above which all thicknesses are unstable. A numerical algorithm based on spectral differentiation is presented and simulation are carried out. These clearly show faceting of the growing islands and a logarithmically slow coarsening behavior.
Stated adaptation survey of activity scheduling reactions to changing travel conditions

The paper reports on current research in a project aiming to explore new approaches for analysing and forecasting travel demand induced by changes in generalised costs of travel and activity participation. 250 respondents are administered a five-day travel diary. From the reported data one day is selected for further analysis. The conditions of that day are changed using pre-defined heuristics based on the household characteristics, to attain significant changes in the generalised costs of the reported trips. The households are faced with these changes in face-to-face interviews. All household members are asked to state how the implied changes would have affected their activity scheduling on the specified day, that is to adapt their reported schedule to the new conditions. The data will allow the computation of detailed discrete choice models of activity scheduling. The results are expected to reflect the effects of the various changes in generalised costs on activity generation as well as destination and mode choice. The results will be applied in MATSim, an agent-based micro-simulation software developed at the Institute for Transport Planning and Systems (IVT) at ETH Zurich and the TU Berlin. The application will allow the validation of the model results and the evaluation of aggregated effects of measures changing generalised costs, as well as their repercussions on the transport system and the resulting feedback effects, thus allowing the assessment of total induced demand and a comparison to the results from earlier aggregated models. This paper will focus on the description of the field work, which to our best knowledge is new in its approach, and will report preliminary results of the respondents’ reactions to the implied changes.
Is the Price Right? Swing Pricing and Investor Redemptions

How effective are available policy tools in managing liquidity risks in the mutual fund industry? We assess one such tool - swing pricing - which allows funds to adjust their settlement price in response to large net flows. Our empirical analysis exploits the fact that swing pricing is available to Luxembourg funds, but not yet to U.S. funds. We show that swing pricing dampens outflows in reaction to weak fund performance, but has a limited effect during stress episodes. Furthermore, swing pricing supports fund returns, while raising accounting volatility, and may lead to lower cash buffers.
Investigating early semantic priming : Event-related potentials as a window into the organization of word meaning in children at age 24 months.

Author: Gro Syversen Title: Investigating early semantic priming: Event-related potentials as a window into the organization of word meaning in children at age 24 months. Supervisors: Lars Smith, Prof. Dr. psychol. and Magnus Lindgren, Prof. Dr. psychol. The present thesis is based on results from an experiment carried out as a part of a larger research project on semantic and communicative language development in children in their second year of life, initiated by Professor Lars Smith in corporation with Associate Professor Magnus Lindgren, at The department of Psychology, University of Oslo. Background and Aim: Only at the onset of the second year are children able to form stable word-object associations and this point marks the beginning of a protracted period of semantic language development of which we know relatively little. The present event-related potential study aims to establish whether the language-related N400 component can be employed as an index of semantic priming in children at age 24 months. If so, the N400 component could potentially be of great value in investigations of the organization of word meaning at an early stage in language development. To address this issue an unimodal auditory semantic priming design was used. Method: The subjects were presented for word stimuli consisting of semantically related and unrelated prime-target word pairs. In the related condition basic level words were taken from the same superordinate category (e.g. cat-horse). In the unrelated condition prime and target belonged to different superordinate categories (e.g. apple-table). The EEG was recorded with 30 silver-silverchloride electrodes attached to an elastic electrode cap. Key result: Statistical analyses revealed a significant main effect of semantic relatedness in the 600-800 ms interval after stimulus onset, where unrelated words were more negative than related words. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that in 24-month-old children target words which were preceded by a semantically unrelated word elicited a broadly distributed N400like effect compared to target words which were primed by a semantically related word, suggesting sensitivity to semantic relatedness in this age group. The establishment of an N400-like semantic priming effect in the present experiment indicates that priming studies can be used as a functional tool in investigations of word meaning in toddlers and provides an opportunity to investigate semantic memory at a very early stage in development.
Evidence for photometric contamination in key observations of Cepheids in the benchmark galaxy IC 1613

This study helps increase awareness of the pernicious effects of photometric contamination (crowding/blending), since it can propagate an undesirable systematic offset into the cosmic distance scale. The latest Galactic Cepheid Wesenheit (VIc )a ndSpitzer calibrations were employed to establish distances for classical Cepheids in IC 1613 and NGC 6822, thus enabling the impact of photometric contamination to be assessed in concert with metallicity. Distances (WVIc , [3.6]) for Cepheids in IC 1613 exhibit a galactocentric dependence, whereby Cepheids near the core appear (spuriously) too bright (rg < 2 � ). That effect is attributed to photometric contamination from neighboring (unresolved) stars, since the stellar density and surface brightness may increase with decreasing galactocentric distance. The impact is relatively indiscernible for a comparison sample of Cepheids occupying NGC 6822, a result that is partly attributable to that sample being nearer than the metal-poor galaxy IC 1613. WVIc and [3.6] distances for relatively uncontaminated Cepheids in each galaxy are comparable, thus confirming that period-magnitude relations (Leavitt Law) in those bands are relatively insensitive to metallicity (Δ[Fe/H] � 1).
Artificial feed development through fishmeal replacement with non conventional feed stuff for mud crab (Scylla serrata) fattening

A feeding trial was set to investigate the potential of selected plant and animal-offal based ingredients to reduce the fishmeal content in grow out diets formulated for mud crab fattening. Ten isonitrogenous feeds, five for each of animal protein (AP) and plant protein (PP) based diets were prepared while tilAPia was used as control. Feeding trial was conducted for 120 days and feeds were APPlied at the rate of 5% body weight. Significantly highest (p<0.05) net benefit was gained with AP based feed of AP2 followed by AP3 and AP1 at Tk. 63.14, 56.06 and 52.28 respectively. Survival rate of female was much higher in the control (100%), compared to AP (96.30%) and PP (83.1%) based feeds. The body protein contents of crabs under feeding trial were higher than wild crabs although differences were insignificant. The result might be useful to reduce the feed cost and dependency on trash fish in fattening process.
Counseling Psychology Trainees' Perceived Efficacy in Counseling Lesbian and Gay Clients.

Homosexuality was removed from the American Psychiatric Association's list of mental disorders in 1973. Though awareness has increased, and attitudes have changed over time, negative incidents continue to occur in therapy involving lesbian or gay clients. This study examined the differences in counseling psychology graduate students' perceived level of efficacy in counseling lesbian and gay clients based on students' success experiences with lesbians and gay men, knowledge about homosexuality, and attitudes toward homosexuality. Participants in the study (125 masters and doctoral level students) responded to questions in four self-ranking scales, an index, and a demographic survey. Tables illustrate correlations in the findings, t-test results, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results indicated that students who scored higher on success experiences with lesbians and gay men and lower on homophobic attitudes felt more efficacious counseling this population. Results of a hierarchical multiple regression indicated that experience and attitudes contribute to the prediction of counseling lesbians and gay clients self-efficacy beliefs. Counselors should be trained to assess and develop appropriate self-efficacy beliefs in order to ensure that the historical provision of inadequate therapy to lesbians and gay men will be replaced with quality interventions leading to positive therapeutic outcomes. (LSR) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Counseling Lesbian and Gay Clients 1 Running Head: COUNSELING LESBIAN AND GAY CLIENTS Counseling Psychology Trainees' Perceived Efficacy in Counseling Lesbian and Gay Clients
Peripheral arterial disease and erectile dysfunction in primary care

Arto Heikkilä Peripheral arterial disease and erectile dysfunction in primary care University of Turku, Faculty of Medicine, General Practice Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research Department of Surgery, Satakunta Hospital district Central Satakunta Health Federation of Municipalities, Harjavalta Annales Universitatis Turkuensis, Turku, Finland 2018
Facies and micromorphology of the Neoproterozoic Upper Diamictite Formation in the Democratic Republic of Congo: New evidence of sediment gravity flow

1. IntroductionSince over a decade, numerous studies have postulated that extremely low global temperatures (-50 °C) existed during successive separate glaciations in the Cryogenian period (770–580 Ma). This would explain not only the presence of ice at sea level near the equator, but also an icy cover on all oceans (Snowball Earth Hypothesis; Kirschvink, 1992; Hoffman et al., 1998; Hoffman & Schrag, 2002). The original suggestion of a “global” glaciation in the Neoproterozoic by Harland (1964) was partly based on paleomagnetic data (Harland & Bidgood, 1959) pointing to low paleolatitudes for these glacial deposits. The latter, widely distributed on all continents, are sharply overlain by a cap carbonate unit, interpreted as the result of a sudden switch back to a greenhouse climate related to the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide due to volcanic degassing (Hoffman & Schrag, 2002). Despite the absence of many typical “glacial” features (e.g., faceted and striated clasts, dropstones, etc.), most Neoproterozoic diamictites were considered as glacial or periglacial deposits. However, not all reported Neoproterozoic diamictites were interpreted in this way, but also as the result ofsyntectonic sedimentgravityflows (Eyles & Januszczak, 2004, 2007) associated with widespread rifting of the Rodinia Supercontinent.In this paper, we present a new macro- and microscale structural analysis of the Upper Diamictite Formation (UDF) in the West Congo Supergroup (WCS) of the Democratic
Continuous long-term array analysis of seismic records observed during the 2011 Shinmoedake eruption activity of Kirishima volcano, southwest Japan

We deployed a seismic array at a site 5 km east of Shinmoedake volcano, in the Kirishima volcanic complex of southwest Japan, five days after the sub-Plinian eruption on 26 January, 2011. The array record between February and September 2011 included explosion earthquakes and episodes of weak continuous tremor during eruption periods. We estimated slownesses and back azimuths of seismic waves on a sliding 1-min window using the semblance method. The slownesses of the weak continuous tremor clustered within the range 0.2–0.8 s/km, consistent with a mix of body and surface waves. A probabilistic approach based on a grid search was used to estimate the source locations of the explosion earthquakes and weak continuous tremor. The sources of the explosion earthquakes were beneath the crater at depths of −0.5–1 km above sea level, while the source of the weak continuous tremor was beneath the northern part of Shinmoedake at depths between 1 km below sea level and 1 km above sea level. This latter region corresponds to a shallow low-resistivity layer, suggesting that hydrothermal processes are more plausible than magmatic processes as the generating mechanism of the weak continuous tremor.
Treatment technologies for recycle liquors :nutrient removal, mass balances, and potential recovery at wastewater treatment plants

ii Acknowledgements . iii Table of Figures . x Table of Tables . xiv List of Abbreviations . xvii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Project Background . 1 1.2 Problem statement . 5 1.3 Project Aim and Specific Objectives . 6 1.3. 1 Specific Objectives . 6 1.4 Thesis Outline . 7 Chapter 2: An overview of existing nutrient removal and recovery technologies from recycle liquors. 9 2.1.1 Nutrient-related Challenges facing wastewater treatment plants . 9 2.1.2 Depletion of Phosphate Rock Reserves . 13 2.1.3 Economic benefits of nutrient removal and recovery from RLs . 16 2.1.4 Environmental Impacts of the excess nutrients in digester RLs . 17 2.2 Technologies for nutrient removal from RLs . 17 2.3 Physico-chemical techniques for P removal from RLs . 19 2.3. 1 Crystallisation processes (e.g. DHV Crystalactor Technology & Ostara Pearl Process) . 19 2.3. 2 CSIR technology . 21 2.3. 3 Kurita Process . 21 2.3. 4 REM-NUT (i.e. REMoval of NUTrients) Technology . 21 vi 2.3. 5 AirPrex Technology . 22 2.4 Enhanced Biological P removal (EBPR) and Denitrifying EBPR (DNEBPR) . 23 2.5 Physico-chemical techniques for N removal from RLs . 25 2.5. 1 Air stripping . 25 2.5. 2 Steam stripping . 26 2.5. 3 Struvite precipitation . 27 2.6 Biological N removal from digester liquors . 31 2.6. 1 Conventional Autotrophic Nitrification Heterotrophic Denitrification . 32 2.6. 2 Nitritation-Denitritation . 33 2.6. 3 Anammox . 35 2.7 Aerobic Granulation Processes . 37 2.8 Factors determining the formation of aerobic granular sludge . 39 2.8. 1 Substrate composition and Organic Loading rate (OLR) . 39 2.8. 2 Shear force and aeration intensity . 40 2.8. 3 Reactor configuration . 41 2.8. 4 Cycle Time . 41 2.8. 5 Feeding pattern . 41 2.8. 6 Temperature . 42 2.8. 7 pH . 42 2.8. 8 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) levels . 42 2.9 Applying AGT in the Treatment of AD Supernatant . 43 2.10 Understanding the struvite problem in post-AD processes . 43 2.11 Summary and knowledge gaps . 47 Chapter 3: Mass balance of N and P around the AD at Bran Sands WWTP. 50 3.