Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IL-13 mRNA tissue content identifies two subsets of adult ulcerative colitis patients with different clinical and mucosa-associated microbiota profiles.

BACKGROUND AND AIM A personalized approach to therapy has great promise to improve disease outcomes. To this end, the identification of different subsets of patients according with the prevalent pathogenic process might guide in the choice of therapeutic strategy. We hypothesize that UC patients might be stratified according to distinctive cytokine profiles and/or to a specific mucosa-associated microbiota. METHODS In a cohort of clinically and endoscopic active UC patients and controls, we analyzed by qPCR the mucosal cytokine mRNA content and the mucosa-associated microbiota composition assessed by the 16SrRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS We demonstrate, by means of data-driven approach, the existence of a specific UC patient subgroup characterized by elevated IL-13mRNA tissue content separated by patients with low IL-13 mRNA tissue content. The two subsets differ in clinical-pathological characteristics. High IL-13mRNA patients are younger at diagnosis and show higher prevalence of extensive colitis than low IL-13mRNA ones. They also show a more frequent use of steroid/immunosuppressant/anti-TNFα therapy during a one-year follow-up. The two subgroups show a differential enrichment of mucosa associated microbiota genera with prevalence of Prevotella in patients with high IL-13mRNA tissue content and Sutterella and Acidaminococcus in patients with low IL-13mRNA tissue content. CONCLUSION Assessment of mucosal IL-13mRNA might help in the identification of the patients' subgroup that might benefit from a therapeutic approach modulating IL-13.
Cognitive efficiency in late midlife is linked to lifestyle characteristics and allostatic load

We investigated whether cognitive fitness in late midlife is associated with physiological and psychological factors linked to increased risk of age-related cognitive decline. Eighty-one healthy late middle-aged participants (mean age: 59.4 y; range: 50-69 y) were included. Cognitive fitness consisted of a composite score known to be sensitive to early subtle cognitive change. Lifestyle factors (referenced below as cognitive reserve factors; CRF) and affective state were determined through questionnaires, and sleep-wake quality was also assessed through actimetry. Allostatic load (AL) was determined through a large range of objective health measures. Generalized linear mixed models, controlling for sex and age, revealed that higher cognitive reserve and lower allostatic load are related to better cognitive efficiency. Crystallized intelligence, sympathetic nervous system functioning and lipid metabolism were the only sub-fields of CRF and AL to be significantly associated with cognition. These results show that previous lifestyle characteristics and current physiological status are simultaneously explaining variability in cognitive abilities in late midlife. Results further encourage early multimodal prevention programs acting on both of these modifiable factors to preserve cognition during the aging process.
Comparative neuroanatomy of ctenophores: Neural and muscular systems in Euplokamis dunlapae and related species

Ctenophora is an early‐branching basal metazoan lineage, which may have evolved neurons and muscles independently from other animals. However, despite the profound diversity among ctenophores, basal neuroanatomical data are limited to representatives of two genera. Here, we describe the organization of neuromuscular systems in eight ctenophore species focusing on Euplokamis dunlapae—the representative of the lineage sister to all other ctenophores. Cydippids (Hormiphora hormiphora and Dryodora glandiformis) and lobates (Bolinopsis infundibulum and Mnemiopsis leidyi) were used as reference platforms to cover both morphological and ecological diversity within the phylum. We show that even with substantial environmental differences, the basal organization of neural systems is conserved among ctenophores. In all species, we detected two distributed neuronal subsystems: the subepithelial polygonal network and the mesogleal elements. Nevertheless, each species developed specific innovations in neural, muscular, and receptor systems. Most notable Euplokamis‐specific features are the following: (a) Comb nerves with giant axons. These nerves directly coordinate the rapid escape response bypassing the central integrative structure known as the aboral sensory organ. (b) Neural processes in tentacles along the rows of “boxes” providing structural support and located under striated muscles. (c) Radial muscles that cross the mesoglea and connect the outer wall to the aboral canal. (d) Flat muscles, encircling each meridional canal. Also, we detected a structurally different rectangular neural network in the feeding lobes of Lobata (Mnemiopsis/Bolinopsis) but not in other species. The described lineage‐specific innovations can be used for future single‐cell atlases of ctenophores and analyses of neuronal evolution in basal metazoans.
Factors Associated With Interhospital Transfer of Trauma Victims

This study aimed to identify the factors associated with interhospital transfer of trauma victims treated in the emergency department of a nontertiary hospital. Retrospective analysis of medical records of trauma victims treated from January to July 2014 in the emergency department of a hospital not specialized in trauma care and located in Brazil was undertaken. The inclusion criteria were as follows: being 15 years or older; being a trauma victim; having received prehospital care; and being admitted to the hospital directly from the scene of the accident. Pearson's chi-square, Mann–Whitney U, Fisher's exact tests, and multiple logistic regression were used in the analyses. The sample was made up of 246 patients, mostly men (67.9%) and blunt trauma victims (97.6%). The mean age of the trauma victims was 44.2 (SD = 22.1). Falls were the most frequent external cause (41.1%). Forty patients were transferred to a tertiary care center, mostly for orthopedic treatment (70%). The factors associated with interhospital transfer of victims were severity of the trauma according to the Injury Severity Score ([ISS]; mean ±SD of ISS = 8.1 ± 4.5; odds ratio = 1.14; 95% confidence interval [1.06, 1.24]; p = .001) and extremities/pelvic girdle as the body region most severely injured (mean ±SD of extremities/pelvic girdle Abbreviated Injury Scale score = 2.9 ± 0.5; odds ratio = 3.86; 95% confidence interval [1.71, 8.72; p = .001). Identification of the risk factors for interhospital transfer of trauma victims treated in hospitals without a trauma center provides important information for the creation of referral and counter-referral policies to facilitate the process and ensure definitive early treatment and improved patient survival.
Characterization and Protective Activity of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed against Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Capsular Polysaccharide Obtained Using a Glycoconjugate

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an encapsulated bacterium and an important swine pathogen. Opsonizing antibody responses targeting capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) are protective against extracellular pathogens. To elucidate the protective activity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against S. suis serotype 2 CPS, mice were immunized with a serotype 2 CPS-glycoconjugate and three hybridomas were isolated; of which, two were murine IgMs and the other a murine IgG1. Whereas the IgMs (mAbs 9E7 and 13C8) showed different reactivity levels with S. suis serotypes 1, 1/2, 2 and 14, the IgG1 (mAb 16H11) was shown to be serotype 2-specific. All mAbs targeted the sialylated chain of the CPSs. Using an opsonophagocytosis assay, the IgMs were opsonizing towards the S. suis serotypes to which they cross-react, while the IgG1 failed to induce bacterial elimination. In a model of mouse passive immunization followed by a lethal challenge with S. suis serotype 2, the IgG1 and IgM cross-reacting only with serotype 14 (mAb 13C8) failed to protect, while the IgM cross-reacting with serotypes 1, 1/2, and 14 (mAb 9E7) was shown to be protective by limiting bacteremia. These new mAbs show promise as new S. suis diagnostic tools, as well as potential for therapeutic applications.
Child Neurology: Spastic paraparesis and dystonia with a novel ADCY5 mutation

We describe a 21-year-old woman with lower extremity spasticity, dystonia, and weakness. She was born full term without complications. At 5 years of age, she began dragging her right foot, which slowly progressed to bilateral toe walking and a wide-based stance. By 14 years of age, she walked with her legs in a fixed posture with knees extended, and by 21 years of age, she was unable to stand unassisted. Family reported an intermittent hand action tremor and large “jerks” of her legs in the evening. They also noticed intermittent slurred speech that was difficult to understand. She reported occasional tingling in her fingers and toes. She completed the 5th grade, but schooling was eventually stopped because of learning difficulties. There is no family history of similar problems or consanguinity. Neurologic examination showed scanning and slurred speech, decreased strength and spasticity in the lower extremities, and a mild, low-amplitude, high-frequency terminal action tremor of both hands. Reflexes were increased at the knees (grade 3) with upgoing plantar responses, and there was decreased vibration and proprioception sensation at the toes. Upon standing, she had dystonic posturing of bilateral lower extremities.
Young Carers in the United Kingdom: A Profile

A cabinet for dispensing paper from paper rolls, such as toilet paper, utilizes two downward-leading pairs of facing flanged channels as tracks in which spindles carrying the paper rolls are engaged. An upper pair of tracks is fixed, while a lower pair of tracks may be pivoted to align the upper and lower tracks for feeding a second roll of paper stored in the upper track to the lower track and into position for dispensing. Previous to pivoting, the upper edge of one channel of the lower track is positioned intermediate the channels of said upper track and supports the second roll of paper. A third roll may be stored in the upper tracks above detent pins, which are inserted into the upper tracks as the second roll is fed into position for dispensing, to prevent the third roll from descending to the lower tracks.
The Response of Haloferax volcanii to Salt and Temperature Stress: A Proteome Study by Label‐Free Mass Spectrometry

In‐depth proteome analysis of the haloarchaeal model organism Haloferax volcanii has been performed under standard, low/high salt, and low/high temperature conditions using label‐free mass spectrometry. Qualitative analysis of protein identification data from high‐pH/reversed‐phase fractionated samples indicates 61.1% proteome coverage (2509 proteins), which is close to the maximum recorded values in archaea. Identified proteins match to the predicted proteome in their physicochemical properties, with only a small bias against low‐molecular‐weight and membrane‐associated proteins. Cells grown under low and high salt stress as well as low and high temperature stress are quantitatively compared to standard cultures by sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH‐MS). A total of 2244 proteins, or 54.7% of the predicted proteome, are quantified across all conditions at high reproducibility, which allowed for global analysis of protein expression changes under these stresses. Of these, 2034 are significantly regulated under at least one stress condition. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis shows that several major cellular pathways are part of H. volcanii’s universal stress response. In addition, specific pathways (purine, cobalamin, and tryptophan) are affected by temperature stress. The most strongly downregulated proteins under all stress conditions, zinc finger protein HVO_2753 and ribosomal protein S14, are found oppositely regulated to their immediate genetic neighbors from the same operon.
Dermoglandular rotation flap with subaxillary advancement flap as an oncoplastic technique for breast cancer

We propose a novel oncoplastic surgical technique, dermoglandular rotation flap with subaxillary advancement flap, as a feasible one‐stage operation. Breast conserving surgery, incorporating the dermoglandular rotation flap with subaxillary advancement flap, was performed in 49 female patients with breast cancer, between January and December 2015. After a full‐thickness fibroglandular resection including the tumor, an inferior‐ or a superior‐based rotation flap was performed according to the location of the defect. The subaxillary flap consisted of skin, dermis, and subcutaneous fat tissue and was mobilized from the chest wall musculature. Since subaxillary skin has greater redundancy, it can be easily moved to reach the lateral aspect of the breast. Approximation of the subaxillary flap to the lateral side of rotated dermoglandular flap served to relieve skin tension and avoid displacement of the nipple‐areola complex (NAC). Consequently, there was wider dermoglandular tissue rotation and efficient filling of defect without any significant postoperative deformity. The mean follow‐up period was 46.5 ± 3.1 months (range, 42.4‐52.1 months). Mean tumor size, on pathology, was 2.1 cm (range, 0.4‐6.0). Mean excised breast tissue weight was 78.4 g (range, 28.6‐195.0). More than half of the patients (51%) studied had excised breast tissue weighing more than 80 g. None of the included patients had positive surgical margins in final pathologic reports. Most patients answered excellent or good for self‐estimated cosmetic outcomes including symmetry of the breast and NAC, breast shape, scarring, and overall satisfaction. A modified dermoglandular rotation flap technique along with subaxillary advancement flap is a feasible and effective oncoplastic technique for breast cancers.
SRGC-Nets: Sparse Repeated Group Convolutional Neural Networks

Group convolution is widely used in many mobile networks to remove the filter’s redundancy from the channel extent. In order to further reduce the redundancy of group convolution, this article proposes a novel repeated group convolutional (RGC) kernel, which has <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> primary groups, and each primary group includes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> tiny groups. In every primary group, the same convolutional kernel is repeated in all the tiny groups. The RGC filter is the first kernel to remove the redundancy from group extent. Based on RGC, a sparse RGC (SRGC) kernel is also introduced in this article, and its corresponding network is called SRGC neural networks (SRGC-Net). The SRGC kernel is the summation of RGC kernel and pointwise group convolutional (PGC) kernel. The number of PGC’s groups is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Accordingly, in each primary group, besides the center locations in all channels, the values of parameters located in other <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N-1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> tiny groups are all zero. Therefore, SRGC can significantly reduce the parameters. Moreover, it can also effectively retrieve spatial and channel-difference features by utilizing RGC and PGC to preserve the richness of produced features. Comparative experiments were performed on the benchmark classification data sets. Compared with the traditional popular networks, SRGC-Nets can perform better with timely reducing the model size and computational complexity. Furthermore, it can also achieve better performances than other latest state-of-the-art mobile networks on most of the databases and effectively decrease the test and training runtime.
Revealing angular momentum transfer channels and timescales in the ultrafast demagnetization process of ferromagnetic semiconductors

Significance As conventional silicon technology is close to its physical limitation, the researchers have been studying the technology for next-generation electronic devices beyond Moore’s Law. Ultrafast control of magnetic order by light provides a promising realization of such a target. However, despite 2 decades of studies, the key question remains: How does the angular momentum transfer among photon, spin, electron, and phonon subsystems? This question is critical for magnetization control. In this work, using a quantum simulation algorithm, we are able to provide direct, real-time snapshots of the ultrafast demagnetization process. This enables us to reveal the demagnetization mechanism and provide a quantum-mechanical microscopic picture for the issues regarding angular momentum transfer channels and timescales. Ultrafast control of magnetic order by light provides a promising realization for spintronic devices beyond Moore’s Law and has stimulated intense research interest in recent years. Yet, despite 2 decades of debates, the key question of how the spin angular momentum flows on the femtosecond timescale remains open. The lack of direct first-principle methods and pictures for such process exacerbates the issue. Here, we unravel the laser-induced demagnetization mechanism of ferromagnetic semiconductor GaMnAs, using an efficient time-dependent density functional theory approach that enables the direct real-time snapshot of the demagnetization process. Our results show a clear spin-transfer trajectory from the localized Mn-d electrons to itinerant carriers within 20 fs, illustrating the dominant role of sp−d interaction. We find that the total spin of localized electrons and itinerant carriers is not conserved in the presence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Immediately after laser excitation, a growing percentage of spin-angular momentum is quickly transferred to the electron orbital via SOC in about 1 ps, then slowly to the lattice via electron–phonon coupling in a few picoseconds, responsible for the 2-stage process observed experimentally. The spin-relaxation time via SOC is about 300 fs for itinerant carriers and about 700 fs for Mn-d electrons. These results provide a quantum-mechanical microscopic picture for the long-standing questions regarding the channels and timescales of spin transfer, as well as the roles of different interactions underlying the GaMnAs demagnetization process.
Prediction of Upstaged Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Using Forced Labeling and Domain Adaptation

Objective: The goal of this study is to use adjunctive classes to improve a predictive model whose performance is limited by the common problems of small numbers of primary cases, high feature dimensionality, and poor class separability. Specifically, our clinical task is to use mammographic features to predict whether ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) identified at needle core biopsy will be later upstaged or shown to contain invasive breast cancer. Methods: To improve the prediction of pure DCIS (negative) versus upstaged DCIS (positive) cases, this study considers the adjunctive roles of two related classes: atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), a non-cancer type of breast abnormity, and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), with 113 computer vision based mammographic features extracted from each case. To improve the baseline Model A's classification of pure vs. upstaged DCIS, we designed three different strategies (Models B, C, D) with different ways of embedding features or inputs. Results: Based on ROC analysis, the baseline Model A performed with AUC of 0.614 (95% CI, 0.496-0.733). All three new models performed better than the baseline, with domain adaptation (Model D) performing the best with an AUC of 0.697 (95% CI, 0.595-0.797). Conclusion: We improved the prediction performance of DCIS upstaging by embedding two related pathology classes in different training phases. Significance: The three new strategies of embedding related class data all outperformed the baseline model, thus demonstrating not only feature similarities among these different classes, but also the potential for improving classification by using other related classes.
Neural oscillations and connectivity characterizing the state of tonic experimental pain in humans

Pain is a complex phenomenon that is served by neural oscillations and connectivity involving different brain areas and frequencies. Here, we aimed to systematically and comprehensively assess the pattern of neural oscillations and connectivity characterizing the state of tonic experimental pain in humans. To this end, we applied 10‐min heat pain stimuli consecutively to the right and left hand of 39 healthy participants and recorded electroencephalography. We systematically analyzed global and local measures of oscillatory brain activity, connectivity, and graph theory‐based network measures during tonic pain and compared them to a nonpainful control condition. Local measures showed suppressions of oscillatory activity at alpha frequencies together with stronger connectivity at alpha and beta frequencies in sensorimotor areas during tonic pain. Furthermore, sensorimotor areas contralateral to stimulation showed significantly increased connectivity to a common area in the medial prefrontal cortex at alpha frequencies. Together, these observations indicate that the state of tonic experimental pain is associated with a sensorimotor‐prefrontal network connected at alpha frequencies. These findings represent a step further toward understanding the brain mechanisms underlying long‐lasting pain states in health and disease.
Acute/Subacute and Sub-Chronic Oral Toxicity of a Hidroxytyrosol-Rich Virgin Olive Oil Extract

The objective of this study was to determine the acute (one single dose), subacute (14 days), and sub-chronic (90 days) toxicity of an aqueous virgin olive oil (VOO) extract rich in hydroxytyrosol in rats. For acute/subacute toxicity, rats were divided into three groups. The control group received distilled water (n = 9), another experimental group received a single dose of 300 mg/kg (n = 3), and a third group received one dose of 2000 mg/kg (n = 4) during 14 days. The sub-chronic study included 60rats distributed in three groups (n = 20: 10 males and 10 females) receiving daily different three doses of the VOO extract in the drinking water during 90 days: (1) 100 mg/kg, (2) 300 mg/kg, and (3) 1000 mg/kg. In parallel, a fourth additional group (n = 20: 10 males and 10 females) did not receive any extract (control group). Clinical signs, body weight, functional observations of sensory and motor reactivity, hematological and biochemical analyses, and macroscopic and microscopic histopathology were evaluated. No adverse effects were observed after the administration of the different doses of the hydroxytyrosol-rich VOO extract, which suggests that the enrichment of VOO in its phenolic compound is safe, and can be used as functional foods for the treatment of chronic degenerative diseases.