Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On a maximum principle and its application to logarithmically critical Boussinesq system

In this paper we study a transport-diffusion model with some logarithmic dissipations. We look for two kinds of estimates. The first one is a maximum principle whose proof is based on Askey theorem concerning characteristic functions and some tools from the theory of $C_0$-semigroups. The second one is a smoothing effect based on some results from harmonic analysis and sub-Markovian operators. As an application we prove the global well-posedness for the two-dimensional Euler-Boussinesq system where the dissipation occurs only on the temperature equation and has the form $\frac{\DD}{\log^\alpha(e^4+\DD)}$, with $\alpha\in[0,\frac12]$. This result improves the critical dissipation $(\alpha=0)$ needed for global well-posedness which was discussed in [15].
Emergence Prediction of Common Groundsel (Senecio Vulgaris)

Abstract Common groundsel is an important weed of strawberry and other horticultural crops. Few herbicides are registered for common groundsel control in such crops, and understanding and predicting the timing and extent of common groundsel emergence might facilitate its management. We developed simple emergence models on the basis of soil thermal time and soil hydrothermal time and validate them with the use of field-derived data from Minnesota and Ohio. Soil thermal time did not predict the timing and extent of seedling emergence as well as hydrothermal time. Soil hydrothermal time, adjusted for shading effects caused by straw mulch in strawberry, greatly improved the accuracy of seedling emergence predictions. Although common groundsel generally emerges from sites at or near the soil surface, the hydrothermal model better predicts emergence when using hydrothermal time at 5 cm rather than 0.005 cm, probably because of the volatility of soil temperature and water potential near the soil surface. Nomenclature: Common groundsel, Senecio vulgaris L. ; strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne.
Formation and fate of marine snow: small-scale processes with large- scale implications

Marine snow aggregates are believed to be the main vehicles for vertical material transport in the ocean. However, aggregates are also sites of elevated heterotrophic activity, which may rather cause enhanced retention of aggregated material in the upper ocean. Small-scale biological-physical interactions govern the formation and fate of marine snow. Aggregates may form by physical coagulation: fluid motion causes collisions between small primary particles (e.g. phytoplankton) that may then stick together to form aggregates with enhanced sinking velocities. Bacteria may subsequently solubilise and remineralise aggregated particles. Because the solubilization rate exceeds the remineralization rate, organic solutes leak out of sinking aggregates. The leaking solutes spread by diffusion and advection and form a chemical trail in the wake of the sinking aggregate that may guide small zooplankters to the aggregate. Also, suspended bacteria may enjoy the elevated concentration of organic solutes in the plume. I explore these small-scale formation and degradation processes by means of models, experiments and field observations. The larger scale implications for the structure and functioning of pelagic food chains of export vs. retention of material will be discussed.
The effectiveness of using instructional objectives with less able secondary school pupils

This study examines the effects of providing less able lower secondary geography pupils with written instructional objectives prior to instruction. Since 1983, teachers in Singapore schools have been writing instructional objectives to guide themselves in their teaching. This study goes one step further to try to answer the question To utilise fully the instructional objectives which teachers have written, can they make use of them to help pupils improve their learning? This study specifically addresses the Normal stream pupils who are academically less able and who require the most guidance and assistance. The results indicated that (i) the use of instructional objectives as an instructional strategy does seem to enhance learning for less able secondary school pupils, (ii) when presented with instructional objectives as an aid to learning, boys appear to benefit more than girls. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Translating Shop Signs into English in Sana'a's Streets: A Linguistic Analysis

The inappropriate use of English on bilingual shop signs in Yemen can be seen everywhere, which creates many problems in the communication process. In many situations, the signs may even fail to convey any relevant information at all to target language (TL) readers, which leads to confusion and frustration as well. This study, therefore, aims to examine and categorize the translation errors of the shop sings in the streets of Sana’a. The empirical analysis has revealed that almost one third of the corpus data (130 signs out of 398) contains translation errors. These errors, which vary in their degree of seriousness, could be generally classified into three categories: spelling, grammatical and lexical, with the last having the highest frequency. I assume the causes that stand behind these kinks of errors include translator’s language incompetence, translator’s carelessness, and the socio-cultural differences between English and Arabic. The paper suggests a couple of recommendations which can help avoid the occurrence of such errors. The study contributes not only to increase the awareness of translation errors in the public space of Yemen, but also attracts attention to the importance of research on shop signs, which in many occasions, is looked at as trivial or naive.
Examining the Effects of Emotional Intelligence on the Relationship between Organizational Politics and Job Performance

This paper presents a study which determined the relationship between organizational politics (OP) and its components with job performance (JP). The components of OP are general political behavior (GPB); going along to get ahead (GATGA) and pay and promotion policies (PPP). Consequently the study investigated the most prevailing aspect of OP that influenced JP. The study also examined the role of emotional intelligence (EI) in moderating the relationship between OP and JP. The multistage random sampling consisted of 349 civil service staff were selected in Malaysian public organizations. The results revealed that the overall OP and its components were related negatively to job performance. The GATGA aspect of OP emerged as the most prevailing factor that influenced JP. Meanwhile the study found that EI despite of its positive and significant relationship with JP, however it did not moderate the OP and JP relationship. Findings and implications for managerial practices from the study are discussed and put forward.
Study of Blastocystis frequency among IBD patients referred to a gastroenterology center

Background: Blastocystis is the most common anaerobic protozoa living in the large intestine of a broad spectrum of vertebrates. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the Blastocystis infection rate in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Methods: A total of 80 stool samples were collected from IBD-proved patients. All stool samples were cultivated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium and checked by light microscopy for detection of Blastocystis. The Correlation between demographic data of IBD patients and Blastocystis was calculated using SPSS 23. Results: The enrolled patients comprised of 52 (65%) men and 28 (35%) women. The study showed Blastocystis in 16/80 (20%) of the samples by microscopic examination and culture method. The parasite was seen among 12 (23.08%) and 4 (14.29%) men and women, respectively. No statistically significant correlation was found between infection with the parasite and animal contact. Fisher’s exact test represented that there was no correlation between gender and the presence of Blastocystis (p value= 0.397). Fisher’s exact test denoted that there was no statistical correlation between age and the presence of the parasite (p value= 0.130). Conclusions: In this study, Blastocystis was found in 20% of enrolled patients who suffered from IBD. This infection rate was significantly higher than the studies have previously described Blastocystis in this group of patients.
RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS DE CAPRINOS CRIADOS SOB DIFERENTES TIPOS DE COBERTURAS

O desconforto termico no interior de instalacoes e um dos fatores responsaveis pela baixa produtividade de caprinos no Nordeste, pois condicoes climaticas inadequadas podem acarretar elevacao da temperatura retal, aumento da frequencia respiratoria, diminuicao da ingestao de alimentos e reducao da producao. Com o presente trabalho, objetivou-se estudar as variaveis fisiologicas de termorregulacao dos animais (frequencia respiratoria - FR e temperatura retal - TR) em quatro horarios do dia (8; 11; 14 e 17 horas) e sua relacao com os indices bioclimaticos (indice de temperatura e umidade - ITU, indice de temperatura de globo e umidade - ITGU e carga termica radiante - CTR), a fim de determinar se o tipo de cobertura utilizado na instalacao dos animais (cobertura cerâmica - CC, cobertura de fibrocimento - CF e cobertura de palha - CP) interfere na fisiologia de termorregulacao. O horario de registro de dados teve relacao com os valores das variaveis ambientais e fisiologicas. As 14 horas, encontraram-se os valores mais elevados de carga termica radiante nos tres tipos de cobertura. Os valores de TR e FR foram maiores as 11 horas e 14 horas, sendo que a cobertura de palha proporcionou melhores condicoes termicas do microclima aos animais. O aumento da FR manteve a homeotermia dos caprinos.
Dextral shear, terrane accretion and basin formation in the Northern Andes: best explained by interaction with a Pacific-derived Caribbean Plate?

Abstract The structure, stratigraphy and magmatic history of northern Peru, Ecuador and Colombia are only adequately explained by Pacific-origin models for the Caribbean Plate. Inter-American models for the origin of the Caribbean Plate cannot explain the contrasts between the Northern Andes and the Central Andes. Persistent large magnitude subduction, arc magmatism and compressional deformation typify the Central Andes, while the Northern Andes shows back-arc basin and passive margin formation followed by dextral oblique accretion of oceanic plateau basalt and island arc terranes with Caribbean affinity. Cretaceous separation between the Americas resulted in the development of a NNE-trending dextral–transpressive boundary between the Caribbean and northwestern South America, becoming more compressional when spreading in the Proto-Caribbean Seaway slowed towards the end of the Cretaceous. Dextral transpression started at 120–100 Ma, when the Caribbean Arc formed at the leading edge of the Caribbean Plate as a result of subduction zone polarity reversal at the site of the pre-existing Trans-American Arc, which had linked to Central America to South America in the vicinity of the present-day Peru–Ecuador border. Subsequent closure of the Andean Back-Arc Basin resulted in accretion of Caribbean terranes to western Colombia. Initiation of flat-slab subduction of the Caribbean Plate beneath Colombia at about 100 Ma is associated with limited magmatism, with no subsequent development of a magmatic arc. This was followed by northward-younging Maastrichtian to Eocene collision of the trailing edge Panama Arc. The triple junction where the Panama Arc joined the Peru–Chile trench was located west of present-day Ecuador as late as Eocene time, and the Talara, Tumbes and Manabi pull-apart basins directly relate to its northward migration. Features associated with the subduction of the Nazca Plate, such as active calc-alkaline volcanic arcs built on South American crust, only became established in Ecuador, and then Colombia, as the triple junction migrated to the north. Our model provides a comprehensive, regional and testable framework for analysing the as yet poorly understood collage of arc remnants, basement blocks and basins in the Northern Andes.
Do Learning Activities Improve Students' Ability to Construct Explanatory Models with a Prism Foil Problem?

The transfer of knowledge is considered to be a fundamental goal of education; therefore, knowing and understanding the conditions that influence the efficiency of the transfer from learning activity to problem solving play a decisive role in the improvement of science education. In this article, the results of a study of 196 highschool students’ ability to transfer knowledge in explanatory model construction are present. Three test groups were formed, traditional, prediction and lab groups, in which students were involved in three different learning activities. A week after instruction, students were tested with a foil test and Lawson’s Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning. According to the results, little knowledge transferfrom learning activities to the foil test occurred. Among the three tested learning methods, the one asking for prediction seems to best improve the transfer of knowledge. Time spent on activities had little or no effect on the transfer of knowledge. Some possible reasons for the observed results are presented, and the importance of correct scientific explanation duringthe learning process is considered.
Studies on public health and hygiene condition of retailers at fish markets in south-central Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a fish producing country from the ancient history due to its deltaic nature agro-ecologically. Accordingly fish marketing systems developed in traditional systems since long. This study was conducted in two retail fish markets located in Rajbari and Barisal Sadar Upazila in the south central region of Bangladesh focusing public health and hygiene condition of retailers. The questionnaire interview with 30 retailers and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tools were used to get the information from the retailers and other value chain stakeholders. About 13% of the retailers had no education, however 60% had primary level and 27% had secondary level of education. Although many of them were literate, their knowledge and practice about public health, hygiene and sanitation was found to be very poor. Due to lack of knowledge on public health, they were found to be infected by various contagious diseases such as common cold (cough, coryza etc.), diarrhoea, lesion (lesion on hands, between fingers, on the tip of the fingers, between toes, on the nail and tip of the toes etc.) and skin disease. About 57% of them were affected with lesion on hands, while 33, 23, 7, 13 and 10% were affected with lesion between fingers, between toes, on the tip fingers, on the nail and tip of toes and skin disease on legs, respectively.Fish markets operated by them were ill-managed, unhygienic and unscientific. So, the hygiene and sanitation system of retail fish markets were very poor and unhealthy. Market should have adequate water supply, toilets and other sanitation facilities. Due to poor infrastructural facilities in harvest and post-harvest, landing, handling, preservation, distribution, marketing and quality assurance, the fish retailers suffered from serious health problems. Good personal hygiene management is therefore essential for the safe handling and preparation of fish and fisheries products. To ensure this, quick and proper action should be needed by the government, particularly by the local government and rural development (LGRD) authorities.
The increase in fertility in cohabitation across Europe: examining the intersection between union status and childbearing

Brienna Perelli-Harris Michaela Kreyenfeld Wendy Sigle-Rushton Renske Keizer Trude Lappegard Aiva Jasilioniene Caroline Berghammer Paola Di Giulio Katja Koeppen The increase in fertility in cohabitation across Europe: Examining the intersection between union status and childbearing Max-Planck-Institut fur demografi sche Forschung Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1 · D-18057 Rostock · GERMANY Tel +49 (0) 3 81 20 81 0; Fax +49 (0) 3 81 20 81 202; http://www.demogr. mpg.de
Phase mixing of shear Alfvén waves as a new mechanism for electron acceleration in collisionless, kinetic plasmas

Particle-in-cell (kinetic) simulations of shear Alfvén wave (AW) interaction with one-dimensional, across the uniform-magnetic field, density inhomogeneity (phase mixing) in collisionless plasma were performed for the first time. As a result, a new electron acceleration mechanism is discovered. Progressive distortion of the AW front, due to the differences in local Alfvén speed, generates electrostatic fields nearly parallel to the magnetic field, which accelerate electrons via Landau damping. Surprisingly, the amplitude decay law in the inhomogeneous regions, in the kinetic regime, is the same as in the MHD approximation described by Heyvaerts and Priest (1983 Astron. Astrophys. 117 220).
Cheap talk in the game of chicken : an experimental investigation : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Masters in Business Studies in Economics at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand

Following the suggestion that cheap talk can help players to coordinate on Nash equilibria in Chicken, an experimental test was undertaken to test this claim. In pairs, participants (n=180) played an endowment version of Chicken involving either no communication, one-way communication, or two-way communication. Participants were each given a sum of money which they could either Invest or Not Invest. Based on both participants’ decisions, the initial amount of money could be increased or decreased. Although cheap talk did not significantly increase the proportion of equilibria outcomes, one-way and two-way cheap talk influenced participants’ behaviour in opposing ways. In the one-way condition, senders used their messages to take charge of the game while two-way communication elicited greater cooperativeness between participants. These findings support the idea that two messages can create a focal point even when they do not constitute a Nash equilibrium. Explanations for these findings, the applicability of level-k model predictions, and also practical applications of this research are discussed.
Simulation of a continuous plug-flow fluidised bed dryer for rough rice†

In this study, a mathematical model to simulate the drying of rough rice in a continuous plug-flow fluidised bed dryer is presented. Equipment and material models were applied to describe the process. The equipment model was based on the differential equations obtained by applying mass and energy balances to each element of the dryer. Concerning the material model, mass and heat transfer rates in a single isolated particle were considered. Mass and heat transfer within the particles was described by analytical solutions with constant effective transport coefficients. To simulate the dryer, the material model was implemented in the equipment model in order to describe the whole process. Calculation results were verified by comparison with experimental data from the literature. There was very good agreement between experimental data and simulation. The effects of gas temperature and velocity, particle diameter, dry solid flow and solid temperature on the drying process were investigated. It was found that the changes in gas velocity, dry solids flow and solid temperature had essentially no effect on drying behaviour.
Evaluation of Parametric Limitations in Simulating Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from Irish Arable Soils Using Three Process-Based Models

Globally a large number of process-based models have been assessed for quantification of agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Modelling approaches minimize the presence of spatial variability of biogeochemical processes, leading to improved estimates of GHGs as well as identifying mitigation and policy options. The comparative performance of the three dynamic models (e.g., DNDC v9.4, DailyDayCent and ECOSSE v5+) with minimum numbers of common input parameters was evaluated against measured variables. Simulations were performed on conventionally-tilled spring barley crops receiving N fertilizer at 135 - 159 kg·N·ha-1·yr-1 and crop residues at 3 t·ha-1·yr-1. For surface soil nitrate (0 - 10 cm), the ECOSSE and DNDC simulated values showed significant correlations with measured values (R2 = 0.31 - 0.55, p 0.05). Only the ECOSSE-simulated N2O fluxes showed a significant relationship (R2 = 0.33, p 0.05) with values measured from fertilized fields, but not with unfertilized ones. The DNDC and DailyDayCent models significantly underestimated seasonal/annual N2O fluxes compared to ECOSSE, with emission factors (EFs), based on an 8-year average, were 0.09%, 0.31% and 0.52%, respectively. Predictions of ecosystem respiration by both DailyDayCent and DNDC showed reasonable agreement with Eddy Covariance data (R2 = 0.34 - 0.41, p 0.05). Compared to the measured value (3624 kg·C·ha-1·yr-1), the ECOSSE underestimated annual heterotrophic respiration by 7% but this was smaller than the DNDC (50%) and DailyDayCent (24%) estimates. All models simulated CH4 uptake we
A survey study on ashtoum El-Gamil park's water concerning phytoplankton populations

Among the 19 water samples collected year round during (2010 – 2011) from Ashtoum El-Gamil Park, 12 samples succeeded to cluster above similarity level of 60%. The samples of similarity less than 60% were mainly sampled during summer. Total phytoplankton diversity marginally changed between lake stations. The highest diversity of 3.1 was found at station No. 4 in winter where a minimum diversity of 1.14 was found at station No. 1 in spring. The dominant classes in Lake Manzala (Ashtoum El-Gamil Park) were chlorophytes, diatoms and cyanoprokaryotes. The three groups altogether constitute more than 95% and 85% of the total phytoplankton abundance and total number of taxa, respectively. Based on cell number, the chlorophytes ranked the first position of dominance with relative abundance of 84.23% and they exclusively dominated the phytoplankton communities year round. Regarding the species composition, chlorophytes dominated the phytoplankton species composition with percentage occurrence of 44% to the total number of recorded species. The phytoplankton abundance showed major peaks during spring at different stations except at station No. 2 where the highest abundance of 28716 cells x 10 5 l -1 was found, whereas the minor peaks were irregularly distributed between other seasons with the least abundance of 704 cells x 10 5 l -1 which was detected during winter at station No. 4. Generall, the total number of taxa per site showed no obvious pattern of variation. It is concluded that presence and biodiversity of phytoplankton are affected by locations and seasons, and the pollution is under the critical levels.
Even Constrained Governments Steal: The Domestic Politics of Transfer and Expropriation Risks

This paper analyzes an understudied and contested form of sovereign theft, transfer restriction, which has supplanted expropriation as the most ubiquitous and costly type of international property rights violation. Veto-player-type constraints curtail governments' ability to engage in outright and (non-transfer-related) creeping expropriation, but have little impact on their ability to seize wealth via transfer restrictions. We use a formal model to derive testable implications regarding the effect of political institutions and domestic politics on governments' ability to collect these two types of rent. Empirically, we use novel time-series-cross-sectional data to show that while veto-player-type political constraints diminish expropriation risk, transfer risk is much less affected: even constrained governments impose transfer restrictions.