Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation on electromagnetic wave propagation across sea-to-air interface

Electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation across the conducting medium (seawater) into air is a promising technology and suspected issue in marine engineering field. In order to figure out the physical characteristics of wave propagation across the sea-to-air interface, a proof of concept measurement system is constructed and tested on the sea. The system consists of underwater transmitter, underwater loop antenna, ferrite loop antenna and receiver in air. A large amount of data about EM wave propagation across the sea-to-air interface are recorded and analyzed. Moreover, the relevant factors including locations and attitudes of the transmitter and receiver, and local noise level are taken into consideration in the experiment. In addition, experimental results match well with the theoretical calculations. Therefore, it is concluded that the experimental system is reliable, and the communication based on EM waves penetrating seawater into air is feasible and promising.
The 'Ostrich Effect': Selective Attention to Information About Investments

We develop a model of selective attention to information and apply it to investors' decisions about whether to obtain information about the value of their portfolio. In our model investors receive information about the aggregate level of the market and then decide whether to look up the value of their personal portfolio. Doing so not only provides additional information, but also increases the psychological impact of information on utility - an impact effect - and increases the speed of a utility reference point adjustment - a reference point updating effect. The main prediction of the model is that investors will check the value of their portfolios more frequently in rising markets but will "put their heads in the sand" when markets are flat or falling. We test and find support for this prediction with three Scandinavian data sets.
Angiogenic activity of human chorionic gonadotropin through LH receptor activation on endothelial and epithelial cells of the endometrium

Successful embryo development requires an extensive endometrial angiogenesis in proximity of implantation site. The glycoprotein hCG is produced even before implantation by trophoblast in normal pregnancy. In this manuscript, we demonstrate an angiogenic effect of hCG in several in vivo (chick chorioallantöıc membrane, matrigel plug assay, aortic ring assay) and in vitro experimental models. In contrast, human placental lactogen (hPL) did not display angiogenic properties. LH/hCG receptor was detected in endothelial cells by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and by Western blotting. In mice aortic ring assay, angiostimulation by hCG was abrogated by deletion of LH/hCG receptor (LuRKO mice). Use of recombinant hCG and anti–hCG anti‐body (Ab) further confirmed the specificity of this angiogenic activity. By using dibutyryl cAMP, adenylate cyclase, or protein kinase A inhibitors, we demonstrate that hCG‐mediated angiogenesis involves adenylyl‐cyclase–protein kinase A activation. Addition of hCG to endometrial epithelial epithelial cells, but not to cultured endothelial cells, stimulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF and hCG also displayed additive activities. Altogether, these data demonstrate that peritrophoblastic angiostimulation may result from a paracrine dialogue between trophoblast, epithelial, and endothelial cells through hCG and VEGF. —Berndt, S. , Perrier d'Hauterive, S. , Blacher, S. , Péqueux, C. , Lorquet, S. , Munaut, C. , Applanat, M. , Hervé, M. A. , Lamandé, N. , Corvol, P., van den Brûle, F. , Frankenne, F. , Poutanen, M. , Huhtaniemi, I. , Geenen, V. , Noël, A. , Foidart, J.‐M. Angiogenic activity of human chorionic gonadotropin through LH receptor activation on endothelial and epithelial cells of the endometrium. FASEB J. 20, E2189–E2198 (2006)
A model of idiosyncratic deal-making and attitudinal outcomes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to disentangle the relationship between the request of idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) and the receipt of such deals, and investigate the moderating roles of human capital (gender and industry experience) and social capital (leader-member exchange (LMX)) in this relationship. Attitudinal outcomes of i-deals receipt are also examined. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 244 alumni of a Midwestern public university. Findings – The positive relationship between i-deals request and receipt was stronger at higher than at lower levels of LMX. Receiving i-deals was related positively to job satisfaction and affective commitment, and negatively to turnover intention. Research limitations/implications – The authors provide a nuanced perspective of i-deals by separating employees’ request from their receipt of i-deals, and identifying contingent factors that determine whether i-deal requests are successful. Practical implications – For employees, cultivating a.
The Contribution of Illegal Activities to National Income in the Netherlands

Illegal activities such as smuggling, prostitution, and the production and sales of illicit drugs contribute to the national income of a country. In practice, however, they are not included in the statistics, because there are hardly any reliable estimates about these activities. Recently, Statistics Netherlands has started research into the share of illegal activities in the national income. This article presents the estimates for 1995 through 2008. The total contribution of illegal activities to the national income of the Netherlands increased from 1,800 million euro in 1995 to almost 3,500 million euro in 2008, equaling 0.6 percent of gross domestic product. Drugs accounted for more than 50 percent of the total income from illegal activities in 2001. In 2008, this was down to less than 40 percent, whereas finding illegal employment rose from about 10 percent in 1995 to 33 percent in 2008.
Introduction to: Social Interactions and HIV/AIDS in Rural Africa

This paper introduces a set of papers presented at the conference "Research on Demographic Aspects of HIV/AIDS in Rural Africa" held at the Population Studies Center University of Pennsylvania October 28 2002. The aim of the conference was to provide a forum for the presentation of results to an audience of experts on a variety of demographic aspects relevant for the study of HIV/AIDS in rural Africa. The aim of this volume is to provide these results to a wider audience. Although the topics covered are diverse ranging from methodological issues in the study of HIV/AIDS such as sample attrition to substantive issues such as fertility divorce and women’s autonomy the papers are united by their use of two similar data sets collected in rural Malawi and Kenya. This introduction thus begins by briefly describing the contents of the volume and the collaborators and then focuses on a detailed description of the data used by all authors and on the threats to data quality. We conclude that other demographic studies of HIV/AIDS in rural Africa are likely to face similar threats and that these should be routinely discussed. (authors)
Does the Disposition Effect Matter in Corporate Takeovers? Evidence from Institutional Investors of Target Companies

Abstract This paper examines whether one of the most important participants in the takeover market, the institutional investors of target companies, suffers from the disposition effect and, if so, how this selling bias influences the takeover outcomes. I report robust evidence that target institutional investors are reluctant to realize losses. This bias further allows their sunk cost to affect both the takeover price and the deal success. My results are explained by neither the undervalued targets nor the 52-week-high price effect. They are most pronounced among targets whose investors have a strong propensity to hold on to loser stocks.
Hobnail hemangiomas (targetoid hemosiderotic hemangiomas) are true lymphangiomas

Background: Hobnail hemangioma (targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma) is a small benign vascular tumor of the superficial and mid‐dermis. In contrast to its well‐characterized histology, it has been unclear whether this tumor arises from blood vessel endothelial cells (BECs) or lymphatic vessel endothelial cells (LECs).
Gene Expression Changes in Normal Human Skin Fibroblasts Induced by HZE-Particle Radiation

Abstract Ding, L-H. , Shingyoji, M. , Chen, F. , Chatterjee, A. , Kasai, K-E. and Chen, D. J. Gene Expression Changes in Normal Human Skin Fibroblasts Induced by HZE-Particle Radiation. Radiat. Res. 164, 523–526 (2005). Studies have shown that radiation exposure affects global gene expression in mammalian cells. However, little is known about the effects of HZE particles on gene expression. To study these effects, human skin fibroblasts were irradiated with HZE particles of different energies and LETs. The data obtained from these experiments indicate that changes in gene expression are dependent on the energy of the radiation source. Particles with the highest energy, i.e. iron, induced the biggest expression changes in terms of numbers of genes and magnitudes of changes. Many genes were found to undergo significant expression changes after HZE-particle irradiation, including CDKN1A/p21, MDM2, TNFRSF6/fas, PCNA and RAD52. Unlike X rays, HZE particles expose cells to two types of radiation: primary ions and δ rays. We hypothesized that the biological effects of δ rays, which are secondary electron emissions, should resemble the effects of X rays. To explore this idea, gene expression changes between cells that had been irradiated with HZE particles and X rays were compared. The results support our hypothesis since the number of genes that commonly changed after exposure to both radiations increased as a function of particle energy.
The use of external business advice by SMEs in Britain

This paper reports new survey results on the extent, sourcing and impact of external business advice to SMEs in Britain. The survey, covering 2547 respondents, is the largest and most definitive assessment to date. Its results demonstrate the very wide extent of external advice: used by 95% of respondent SMEs, an increase from 85.8% in a similar survey in 1991. The analysis of the survey assesses sources of advice in terms of the level of trust that exists between the supplier and the SME client. The market appears to be strongly segmented and dominated by high trust specialist sources (accountants, lawyers), customers, suppliers and business friends. Business associations and government-backed sources play an important but lesser role. The recent government initiative of Business Link has, however, established an important market, used by 27% of respondents. Impact assessments confirm the significance of high trust private sector suppliers for the most crucial supplies of advice. Variations in use occur .
Time–course of cerebrospinal fluid histamine in the wake‐consolidated squirrel monkey

Central nervous system (CNS) histamine is low in individuals with narcolepsy, a disease characterized by severe fragmentation of both sleep and wake. We have developed a primate model, the squirrel monkey, with which we can examine the role of the CNS in the wake‐consolidation process, as these primates are day‐active, have consolidated wake and sleep and have cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that is readily accessible. Using this model and three distinct protocols, we report herein on the role of CNS histamine in the wake consolidation process. CSF histamine has a robust daily rhythm, with a mean of 24.9 ± 3.29 pg mL−1, amplitude of 31.7 ± 6.46 pg mL−1 and a peak at 17:49 ± 70.3 min (lights on 07:00–19:00 hours). These levels are not significantly affected by increases (up to 161 ± 40.4% of baseline) or decreases (up to 17.2 ± 2.50% of baseline) in locomotion. In direct contrast to the effects of sleep deprivation in non‐wake‐consolidating mammals, in whom CSF histamine increases, pharmacologically induced sleep (γ‐hydroxybutyrate) and wake (modafinil) have no direct effects on CSF histamine concentrations. These data indicate that the time–course of histamine in CSF in the wake‐consolidated squirrel monkey is robust against variation in activity and sleep and wake‐promoting pharmacological compounds, and may indicate that histamine physiology plays a role in wake‐consolidation such as is present in the squirrel monkey and humans.
Periparturient characteristics of mares and their foals on a New Zealand Thoroughbred stud farm

Abstract AIMS: To describe selected periparturient variables in a sample of Thoroughbred mares and their foals on a commercial stud farm in New Zealand. METHODS: Data were collected for 969 foaling records, from 592 mares, by foaling attendants from one Thoroughbred stud farm in the Waikato region of New Zealand for the breeding seasons 2008–2013, inclusive, and collated retrospectively. The associations between mare- and foal-level variables and gestation length, time of birth (expressed as the number of hours after midday), fetal membrane retention time, time for the foal to stand and suckle after birth, and foal mortality were quantified using linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS: Mean gestation length for mares in this study was 350 (min 296, max 429) days, and was shorter for filly foals (348 (min 296, max 429) days) compared with colt foals (350 (min 310, max 404) days) (p=0.001). Overall, 517/968 (53%) foalings occurred between 19:00 and 01:00 and 212/968 (22%) foalings occurred during daylight. Overall, 815/855 (95%) expelled their fetal membranes within 4 hours of parturition. The mean interval from birth to standing and to suckling was shorter (p<0.001) for filly foals than colts by 13 (95% CI=9–17) and 17 (95% CI=8–26) minutes, respectively. Dystocia was reported for 81/968 (8.4%) foalings with relative fetal oversize being the most common cause (36/81 (44%) cases). Perinatal foal death was recorded for 26/966 (2.7%) foalings. The odds of foal mortality decreased with increasing length of gestation (p=0.027), and were greater for colt than filly foals (p=0.042) and when dystocia was reported (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Gestation length was influenced by the sex of the foal, as was the time taken for the foal to stand and suckle after birth. One fifth of mares foaled during daylight hours. The majority of mares in this study population expelled their fetal membranes within 4 hours of foaling. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Accurate measures for periparturient behaviour can be important in the management of mares and newborn foals. Clinically relevant differences appear to exist between mares and foals in New Zealand and those in the Northern Hemisphere for some key parameters, likely as a result of differences in management and environment. The results of this study suggest that mares should be considered to have retained their membranes if not passed within 4 hours of parturition.
Efficacy of xanthan based chlorhexidine gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in treatment of the chronic periodontitis

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of locally delivered xanthan-based Chlosite® gel as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing in treatment of chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: In a randomized controlled clinical study, 30 patients were selected. Pocket depth between 5 and 7 mm was selected and each patient had two sites on the same side of the mouth. A total of 30 control sites were scaled and root planed and 30 test sites were scaled and root planed and Chlosite® gel was added. The clinical parameters, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index were recorded at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. Statistical Analysis: Paired/unpaired t-test was used, significance was placed at 5% level of significance, i.e., P < 0.05 was considered as a significant. Results: From baseline to a period of 6 months, significant difference was found between test and control group for PD, CAL, PI and BOP, P value being PD (P = 0.002), CAL index (P = 0.014), respectively. Conclusion: Subgingival injection of xanthan-based Chlosite® gel adjunct with scaling and root planing appeared to cause significant improvement compared with scaling and root planing alone in persons with chronic periodontitis.
Association of Central Corneal Thickness and 24-hour Intraocular Pressure Fluctuation

PurposeTo evaluate the association between office-hour central corneal thickness (CCT) and 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation in patients with glaucoma. DesignObservational case-control study. MethodsMeasurements of IOP were obtained every 2 hours during a 24-hour period from 52 untreated glaucoma patients and 29 age-matched normal control subjects housed in a sleep laboratory. Habitual IOP measurements were obtained using a pneumatonometer in the sitting positions during the diurnal/wake period (7 AM to 11 PM) and in the supine position during the nocturnal/sleep period (11 PM to 7 AM). CCT was measured in all subjects using ultrasound pachymetry once during office hours. The association between IOP fluctuation (peak IOP-trough IOP) during the 24-hour period and the office-hour CCT was assessed in both glaucoma patients and healthy age-matched controls using Spearman rank order correlation. ResultsThere was no statistically significant correlation between IOP fluctuation and CCT in glaucomatous (P=0.405) and normal subjects (P=0.456). ConclusionsTwenty-four–hour IOP fluctuations were not correlated with single CCT measurements taken during office hours in glaucoma patients.
A two-stage translog marginal cost pricing approach for Floridian hospital outputs

Since the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010, issues still remain regarding the mandated purchase of insurance to ensure more universal coverage. One such issue is the pricing of these insurance packages and whether or not the reimbursements will cover necessary services. Therefore, policy concerns exist that increasing the number of insured individuals may not curtail costs. Conversely, providers may not wish to treat patients covered by excessively frugal plans such as Medicaid; hence the trade-offs between access and cost control. In this article, we present findings from a cost function and a productivity approach to determine the marginal cost of providing inpatient hospital care for hospitals operating in Florida during 2005. Using these methodological approaches, we are able to use the marginal rate of transformation to determine the relative marginal costs while controlling for hospital technical and allocative inefficiency. Our work differs from earlier articles as we avoid the Greene problem for cross-sectional models through a two-step approach. By including both reimbursement rates under conditions of hospital efficiency, we can ascertain payment schemes that should, at least in theory, cover necessary costs for patient care without leading to excessive input usage.
Quantitative assessment of gliomas by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

BACKGROUND Advanced magnetic resonance (MR) techniques provide physiological and metabolic information that complements the anatomical information available from conventional MR imaging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in preoperative quantitative assessment of intracranial gliomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eight patients with histologically verified gliomas, comprising 2 cases with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, grade 4), 5 cases with anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO, grade 3; high-grade glioma), and 1 case with fibrillary astrocytoma (FA, grade 2; low-grade glioma) were evaluated using the 1H-MRS protocol following conventional MR imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) preoperatively. RESULTS High-grade gliomas tended to demonstrate signal hyperintensity by DWI and higher relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) by PWI. Increased ratios of choline (Cho) to N-acetylaspartate (NAA) (Cho/NAA) and Cho to creatine (Cr) (Cho/Cr) correlated highly with tumor malignancy. The presence of lactate and lipid was predominately detected in patients with high-grade glioma. CONCLUSION The combination of multiple MR parameters, based on DWI, PWI and 1H-MRS, appears valuable for preoperatively predicting the degree of malignancy in glioma.
Monetary and Fiscal Interactions: Short-Run and Long-Run Implications

We model policy interactions in a growing economy. Unemployment can persist and matters for the real wage; conflicting claims underpin inflation outcomes; and aggregate demand determines capacity utilization and unemployment. Monetary policy is characterized by a Taylor rule. Fiscal policy is characterized by a marginal tendency to run deficits or surpluses. We address three questions: can monetary policy ensure macroeconomic stability in the absence of coordinated fiscal policy, can fiscal policy ensure macroeconomic stability when the monetary authority pegs the interest rate, and can policy authorities trade-off some sustained inflation for a long-run improvement in unemployment rates?
Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Deficiency or Inhibition Attenuates Diet-induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Liver and Adipose Tissue*

Background: Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a cytosolic enzyme whose pharmacological inhibition or targeted deletion in mice has beneficial effects, including improved insulin signaling in liver and adipose tissue. Results: sEH inhibition or deficiency attenuates high fat diet- and chemical-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in mice and cells, respectively. Conclusion: sEH modulates ER stress in a cell-autonomous manner. Significance: sEH may be a therapeutic target for mitigating complications associated with the metabolic syndrome. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a cytosolic enzyme whose inhibition has beneficial effects in cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases in murine models. Mice with targeted deletion or pharmacological inhibition of sEH exhibit improved insulin signaling in liver and adipose tissue. Herein, we assessed the role of sEH in regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in liver and adipose tissue. We report that sEH expression was increased in the livers and adipose tissue of mice fed a high fat diet, the adipose tissue of overweight humans, and palmitate-treated cells. Importantly, sEH deficiency or inhibition in mice attenuated chronic high fat diet-induced ER stress in liver and adipose tissue. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of sEH in HepG2 cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes mitigated chemical-induced ER stress and activation of JNK, p38, and cell death. In addition, insulin signaling was enhanced in HepG2 cells treated with sEH substrates and attenuated in cells treated with sEH products. In summary, these findings demonstrate that sEH is a physiological modulator of ER stress and a potential target for mitigating complications associated with obesity.