Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconceptualizing Organizational Routines as a Source of Flexibility and Change

In this paper, we challenge the traditional understanding of organizational routines as creating inertia in organizations. We adapt Latour's distinction between ostensive and performative to build a theory that explains why routines are a source of change as well as stability. The ostensive aspect of a routine embodies what we typically think of as the structure. The performative aspect embodies the specific actions, by specific people, at specific times and places, that bring the routine to life. We argue that the ostensive aspect enables people to guide, account for, and refer to specific performances of a routine, and the performative aspect creates, maintains, and modifies the ostensive aspect of the routine. We argue that the relationship between ostensive and performative aspects of routines creates an on-going opportunity for variation, selection, and retention of new practices and patterns of action within routines and allows routines to generate a wide range of outcomes, from apparent stability to considerable change. This revised ontology of organizational routines provides a better explanation of empirical findings than existing theories of routines and has implications for a wide range of organizational theories.
Human endothelial cells induce and regulate cytolytic T cell differentiation.

We compared the capacity of cultured human endothelial cells (EC) vs B lymphoblastoid cells (BLC) from the same donor to stimulate allogeneic CD8+ T cells to differentiate into CTL, assaying for allorestricted cytotoxicity, T cell growth, IFN-gamma secretion, and perforin expression. The input cell number affected specificity and potency of the resulting CTL. At low input (<10(5) cells/ well), anti-EC CTL were rarely detected. At high input (>10(6) cells/well), anti-EC CTL developed that displayed unrestricted, low-titer killing and an unstable phenotype. At intermediate input (1.0-2.5 x 10(5) cells/well), classical class I MHC-restricted, CD8+, and perforin-positive anti-EC CTL developed with reproducible frequencies. However, under all conditions EC were less efficient stimulators than BLC from the same donor. Anti-EC CTL did not kill BLC, whereas anti-BLC CTL killed BLC and EC from the same donor with comparable efficiency. When CD8+ T lymphocytes were grown in the presence of EC and BLC together, the differentiation of anti-BLC CTL was completely suppressed, while the anti-EC response was intact. The inhibition of the allogeneic anti-BLC CTL response was independent of T cell-EC contact, and proliferation of CD8+ T cells was inhibited by EC-conditioned medium. We conclude that EC are competent but less efficient activators of CTL differentiation than are BLC and that EC actively regulate differentiation and/or expansion of allospecific CTL.
Supporting asynchronous, discontinuous, collaborative, complex search tasks by the visualization of search trails

requirements derived from the related work . 104 3.1.2 3.2 Deriving technical features from the abstract requirements . 115 3.3 Concept of SearchTrails . 128 3.4 Rough architecture of SearchTrails . 134 3.5 Conclusion and outlook . 136 Implementation . 137 Chapter 4 4.1 SearchTrails architecture . 137 4.2 Technical implementation decisions and integrated services and frameworks . 142 Selected browser and browser extension details . 143 4.2. 1 Integrated services and frameworks . 144 4.2. 2 Generated data . 147 4.2. 3 Remote search trails storage . 151 4.2. 4 4.3 Design iterations . 153 Paper prototypes . 154 4.3.1 4.3.1.1 Search graphs . 154 4.3.1.2 Creating search trails . 158 SemanticClipboard: A first prototype . 162 4.3.2 First evaluated version of SearchTrails . 164 4.3.3 Second evaluated version of SearchTrails . 167 4.3.4 4.4 Conclusion and outlook . 174 Evaluation . 175 Chapter 5
Prenatal and Perinatal Determinants of Neonatal Seizures Occurring in the First Week of Life

To evaluate prenatal and perinatal risk factors for early neonatal seizures, we conducted a case-control study including 100 newborns with neonatal seizures in the first week of life and 204 controls randomly selected from a list of healthy newborns born in the same hospital during the study period. Generalized tonic seizures were the most common seizures observed (29%), although the majority of newborns (71%) experienced more than one type of seizure. The most frequent presumed etiology of neonatal seizures was hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (30%). A history of epilepsy in first-degree relatives was found only for cases. Neonatal seizures were found to be associated with maternal disease in the 2 years before pregnancy, mother's weight gain > 14 kg during pregnancy, placental pathology, preeclampsia, low birthweight, low gestational age, and jaundice in the first 3 days of life. The need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation was found only for cases (37%). The causal pathways for neonatal seizures often begin before birth, and some of the factors identified may be preventable. (J Child Neurol 2001;16:651-656).
Comparison of BOLD contrast and Gd‐DTPA dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging in rat prostate tumor

The microcirculation and oxygenation of a tumor play important roles in its responsiveness to cytotoxic treatment, and noninvasive assessments of its vascular properties may have prognostic value. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) 1H MRI based on infusion of Gd‐DTPA, and blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast based on altering inhaled gas are both sensitive to vascular characteristics. This study compares the effects observed in eight Dunning prostate R3327‐AT1 rat tumors imaged sequentially at 4.7 Tesla by echo‐planar imaging (EPI). Both interventions generated a significant response, and each revealed significant differences between the center and periphery of the tumors. On a voxel‐by‐voxel basis across the whole tumor population, there was a close correlation between the maximum rate of signal response and the magnitude of response to each intervention (R2 ≥ 0.6, P < 0.0001). However, when the data were analyzed separately for each individual tumor, some showed a weak correlation (R2 < 0.4), particularly for DCE, and the nature (slope) varied between separate tumors. Generally, there was a weak correlation (N = 7, R2 < 0.5) between responses to the two interventions on a tumor‐by‐tumor basis, which emphasizes that the techniques are not equivalent. Both techniques revealed intra‐ and intertumor heterogeneity, but the BOLD response was more rapidly reversible than the DCE response. This suggests that the BOLD technique may be a useful tool for investigating interventions (such as drugs) that cause vascular disruption. Magn Reson Med 51:953–960, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of Trichomonas vaginalis haemolysis

The haemolytic activity of live Trichomonas vaginalis organisms was investigated. Optimal haemolysis of human erythrocytes was observed at a parasite to erythrocyte ratio of 1:5 during a 2 h incubation period. No haemolytic activity was detected in concentrated culture supernatants after overnight growth of trichomonads or when parasites were separated from erythrocytes by a 3 μm filter, suggesting a contact-dependent mechanism for haemolysis. The haemolytic activity was temperature-dependent and maximal haemolysis occurred at 37 °C. Treatment of trichomonads with metronidazole reduced levels of haemolysis by > 50%. Maximal haemolysis occurred at the pH range of the vagina during trichomoniasis. N-μ-tosyl-L-lysyl-chloromethyl ketone and iodoacetamide, inhibitors of trichomonad cysteine proteinases, reduced the haemolytic activity of live parasites.
The language teacher's development

This paper provides a commentary on recent contributions to the subject of teacher development and growth, focusing particularly on our understanding of some of the processes and tools that have been identified as instrumental and supportive in teacher development. Implicit in the notions of ‘reflective practice’, ‘exploratory teaching’, and ‘practitioner inquiry’ is the view that teachers develop by studying their own practice, collecting data and using reflective processes as the basis for evaluation and change. Such processes have a reflexive relationship with the construction of teacher knowledge and beliefs. Collaborative and co-operative processes can help sustain individual reflection and development.
Individual Adaptation to IT-Induced Change: The Role of Social Networks

In order to better understand the sociopsychological factors involved in employees' adaptation to new technology in organizations, we examine the role that two types of social networks—supportive and informational—play in individual adaptation to IT-induced change in a large financial company. Using survey data from 371 employees working in 133 different branches of the organization, we find that several aspects of the social networks relate to quality of employees' adaptation to the new technology as assessed by the company's departmental directors. Specifically, the size of the support network as well as the strength and density of the information network significantly predict employees' adaptation to the new system. We conclude the paper by discussing theoretical implications for the relevance of social network research for members' adaptation to organizational changes as well as outlining specific implications for practice.
Malignant transformation of chondroblastoma

Melanocytes may colonize a range of skin tumours and, in particular, basal cell carcinomas and seborrhoeic keratoses. Recently, melanocytes have been shown to infiltrate an eccrine porocarcinoma both at the primary site and also within lymph node metastatic deposits. Colonization of tumours by malignant melanocytes however, has not been previously reported. In this report we describe a case of malignant melanoma metastasising to a basal cell carcinoma. Melanoma commonly metastasises to skin in over 75% of fatal cases but, as far as we are aware, this is the first report of metastatic melanoma presenting as spread to a second primary cutaneous tumour.
La démocratisation de l'enseignement supérieur en Communauté française de Belgique : état des lieux

En 1964, parait l'ouvrage « Les Heritiers » de Bourdieu et Passeron dans lequel ces sociologues etudient les inegalites de parcours scolaires et soulevent la question de l'influence de l'origine sociale sur la carriere scolaire des etudiants. Plus precisement, ces auteurs denoncent la quasi absence de jeunes d'origine populaire au sein de l'enseignement superieur. Et si cette analyse a ete effectuee dans le contexte francais, il est vraisemblable que la situation etait a l'epoque semblable en Belgique. Mais qu'en est-il actuellement de la presence des jeunes de milieu populaire au sein de l'enseignement superieur, et plus precisement a l'universite, en Communaute francaise de Belgique ? Plus de quarante annees plus tard, le meme constat semble pouvoir etre fait : l'universite accueille majoritairement en son sein des jeunes issus de groupes sociaux favorises. Il parait donc illusoire de parler de democratisation de l'enseignement superieur puisque d'une part, les individus ne possedent pas les memes possibilites d'acces a ce niveau d'enseignement et que, d'autre part, ils n'y ont pas les memes chances de reussite (Beguin, 1991 ; Donni et Pestieau, 1995 ; de Kerchove et Lambert, 1996 ; De Meulemeester, 2001) [. ]
Simulation and experimental characterization of a 2-D capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer array element

In this letter, a 400-/spl mu/m/spl times/400-/spl mu/m 2-D capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (cMUT) array element is experimentally characterised, and the results are found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions. As a receiver, the transducer has a 1.8/spl times/10/sup -7/ nm//spl radic/(Hz) displacement sensitivity, and, as a transmitter, it produces 16.4 kPa/V of output pressure at the transducer surface at 3 MHz. The transducer also has more than 100% fractional bandwidth around 3 MHz, which makes it suitable for ultrasound imaging.
Influence of the sequence environment and properties of neighboring amino acids on amino‐acetylation: Relevance for structure‐function analysis

Proteins function is regulated by co‐translational modifications and post‐translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, and acetylation, which induce proteins to perform multiple tasks in a specified environment. Acetylation takes place post‐translationally on the ε‐amino group of Lys in histone proteins, allowing regulation of gene expression. Furthermore, amino group acetylation also occurs co‐translationally on Ser, Thr, Gly, Met, and Ala, possibly contributing to the stability of proteins. In this work, the influence of amino acids next to acetylated sites has been investigated by using MAPRes (Mining Association Patterns among preferred amino acid residues in the vicinity of amino acids targeted for PTMs). MAPRes was utilized to examine the sequence patterns vicinal to modified and non‐modified residues, taking into account their charge and polarity. The PTMs data were further sub‐divided according to their sub‐cellular location (nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytoplasmic), and their association patterns were mined. The association patterns mined by MAPRes for acetylated and non‐acetylated residues are consistent with the existing literature but also revealed novel patterns. These rules have been utilized to describe the acetylation and its effects on the protein structure‐function relationship. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 874–887, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Childhood cancer in relation to infections in the community during pregnancy and around the time of birth

In a retrospective cohort study of 404,106 live births in the northern region of England, 1975–1986, we investigated whether higher levels of community infections during the mother's pregnancy and in early life were risk factors for cancer, by diagnostic group (leukaemia and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, brain/spinal tumours, neuroblastoma, other tumours), diagnosed 1975–2001 under age 15 years. Logistic regression was used to relate risk to measures of community infections (measles, respiratory and other infections) in 3 prenatal and 2 postnatal quarters. There was an increased risk of Hodgkin's disease among children exposed around birth to higher levels of measles (odds ratio for trend = 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.3–4.2, p = 0.01). For other diagnostic groups, there was no consistent evidence of an association between risk and exposure to infections. Although the significant association observed for Hodgkin's disease may be a chance finding, consequent to multiple hypothesis testing or the ecologic nature of the study, it is consistent with other recent epidemiologic results suggesting that the risk of Hodgkin's disease may be associated with exposure to infections. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arterial blood gases during exercise: validity of transcutaneous measurements.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the validity of transcutaneous measurements of blood gas tensions for the assessment of partial arterial pressure of oxygen (PaO(2)) and carbon dioxide (PaCO(2)) during treadmill exercise. DESIGN Experimental, self-controlled against a reference standard. SETTING Lung function laboratory. PATIENTS Eighty-one patients with various lung diseases. INTERVENTIONS At rest and at symptom-limited peak exercise, puncture of the radial artery with concurrent transcutaneous measures of blood gases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Arterial blood samples were analyzed with a radiometer to measure PaO(2) and PaCO(2). A microgas apparatus was used to measure gas tensions transcutaneously. Values obtained transcutaneously (TcPO(2), TcPCO(2)) were compared with those obtained by blood sample. TcPO(2) was adjusted as close as possible to the PaO(2) obtained in the same conditions, with the correction factor of the apparatus. Values obtained transcutaneously were compared with those obtained by blood sample to establish the sensitivity and specificity of the noninvasive method. RESULTS Mean differences +/- standard deviation between transcutaneous and arterial tension at peak exercise were 0.4 +/- 7.0mmHg and 2.1 +/- 3.3mmHg for PaO(2) and PaCO(2), respectively. The transcutaneous device enabled us to predict a decrease in PaO(2) (>or=2mmHg) from rest to exercise with a sensitivity of 92.1% and a specificity of 90% and an increase in PaCO(2) with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 58.9%. CONCLUSIONS Although transcutaneous measurement are sufficiently sensitive and specific to detect patients whose PaO(2) decreases during exercise, its precision is not sufficient for gas exchange calculations.
Evolution conjointe des stratégies d'appariement et de dispersion

Chez les animaux sexues, les strategies d'appariement et de dispersion sont influencees par de nombreux facteurs de l'environnement. Certains facteurs sont communs, ce qui suggere que ces deux strategies n'evoluent pas independamment. Parmi ces facteurs, la structure genetique des populations pourrait jouer un role important dans cette evolution conjointe. Par une approche theorique, j'ai etudie l'evolution de la difference de dispersion entre les sexes en lien avec les strategies d'appariement (monogamie, monoandrie, polyandrie). En monoandrie et polyandrie, strategies ou les deux sexes ont des nombres de partenaires differents, la competition entre apparentes et la variation spatiale du succes reproducteur plus importante chez les mâles que les femelles, favorisent l'evolution d'une dispersion biaisee en faveur des mâles. Je me suis aussi interesse a la place des genes dans le genome et j'ai montre que la localisation de genes de dispersion sur les chromosomes sexuels peut, a elle-seule, faire evoluer un differentiel de dispersion entre les sexes. J'ai explore cette derniere possibilite dans le cadre de conflits genomiques potentiels. Parallelement a cette approche theorique, j'ai effectue une etude experimentale chez le lezard vivipare (Zootoca vivipara). J'ai recherche le role d'un effet maternel, medie par la corticosterone, sur le lien entre la strategie d'appariement des femelles et la strategie de dispersion de leurs jeunes. Je me suis aussi interesse au cout de l'accouplement via la transmission de pathogenes entre partenaires. Mes resultats suggerent l'absence d'effet direct des accouplements multiples sur la communaute bacterienne cloacale.
A Review of Neurofeedback Treatment for Pediatric ADHD

Objective: The aim of this paper was to review all randomized published trials and unpublished conference presentations on the neurofeedback (NF) treatment of pediatric ADHD, and their relevance, strengths, and limitations. Method: Via PsychInfo and Medline searches and contacts with NF researchers 14 studies were identified and reviewed. Results: The majority were conducted from 1994 to 2010, with 5- to 15-year-olds, usually male and White with the combined type of ADHD. Most studies used theta/beta NF with a unipolar-electrode placement at Cz and demonstrated, where reported, an overall ADHD mean effect size of d = 0.69, a medium effect. Main study strengths, within some studies, include use of randomization, treatment control conditions, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria, evidence-based assessment of ADHD, standard treatment outcome measures, multidomain assessment, and, for some studies, moderate sample size, some type of blind and the identification of medication as a concomitant treatment. Main study limitations (and directions for future research) include the lack of adequate blinding of participants, raters and NF trainers, a sham-NF/blinded control treatment condition, posttreatment follow-up, generalizability, specific details about delivery of NF, identification and control of comorbidity, and the identification, measurement, and control of concomitant treatments and potential side effects. Conclusion: Based on the results and methodologies of published studies, this review concludes that NF for pediatric ADHD can be currently considered as “probably efficacious. ”
Variations in the use of coronary angiography in three cities in the Trent Region.

OBJECTIVE--To establish the characteristics of patients referred for coronary angiography and the outcome of investigation. DESIGN--Prospective study. SETTING--Three regional referral centres at Sheffield, Leicester, and Nottingham. PATIENTS--All patients referred for investigation from 1 July 1988 to 30 June 1989. INTERVENTIONS--Coronary angiography for suspected ischaemic heart disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Site and extent of coronary artery disease at coronary angiography and subsequent intervention. RESULTS--There was a range of clinical activity with a trend towards symptomatic control in Nottingham where patients tended to have more severe angina of long duration and extensive drug treatment. Important coronary lesions were often found and most patients needed coronary artery bypass surgery or angioplasty. In Leicester and Sheffield, where angiography was used prognostically, patients tended to have mild angina of shorter duration and less extensive medical treatment; significant coronary disease was often found but fewer patients were recommended for further intervention. CONCLUSIONS--Referral for coronary angiography seems to reflect philosophical differences among the referring physicians. Referring patients late in the disease process ensures that most have a subsequent intervention but the benefits of revascularisation may be denied to those with mild symptoms but extensive coronary disease.
Atypical Shigella boydii 13 encodes virulence factors seen in attaching and effacing Escherichia coli.

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a foodborne pathogen that causes watery diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis. In this study, we identified StcE, a secreted zinc metalloprotease that contributes to intimate adherence of EHEC to host cells, in culture supernatants of atypical Shigella boydii 13 (Shigella B13) strains. Further examination of the Shigella B13 strains revealed that this cluster of pathogens does not invade but forms pedestals on HEp-2 cells similar to EHEC and enteropathogenic E. coli. This study also demonstrates that atypical Shigella B13 strains are more closely related to attaching and effacing E. coli and that their evolution recapitulates the progression from ancestral E. coli to EHEC.
Adrenomedullin2 (ADM2)/Intermedin (IMD) in Rat Ovary: Changes in Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy and Its Role in Ovulation and Steroidogenesis1

ABSTRACT Adrenomedullin2 (ADM2) is reported to facilitate embryo implantation and placental development. Therefore, the current study was undertaken to identify if ADM2 has a functional role in ovary to facilitate its reproductive actions. This study shows that the expression of ADM2 is differentially regulated in rat estrous cycle and that ADM2 increases the synthesis and secretion of 17beta-estradiol accompanied with an increase in the expression of steroidogenic factor 1 (Sf1), estrogen receptor Esr1, and enzymes involved in steroidogenesis in equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG)-treated rat ovaries. In addition, inhibition of endogenous ADM2 function in eCG-treated immature rats caused impaired ovulation. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of Adm2 and receptor activity modifying protein 3 is higher in the ovary on Day 18 compared to nonpregnant and pregnant rats on Day 22. ADM2-like immunoreactivity is localized in granulosa cells, blood vessels, oocytes, cumulous oophorus, and corpus luteum of pregnant ovaries, suggesting a potential role for ADM2 in the ovary. This is supported by the presence of ADM2-like immunoreactivity in the corpus luteum during pregnancy and a decline in aromatase immunoreactivity in corpus luteum on Day 9 of gestation in rats infused with ADM2 antagonist during implantation and decidualization phase. Taken together, this study suggests a potential involvement of ADM2 in the rat ovary in regulating synthesis of estradiol to support ovulation and facilitate efficient implantation and placental development for a successful pregnancy.