Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Organizational Structure on Organizational Commitment: A Comparison between Public and Private Sector Firms in Jordan

This study aims to examine the impact of organizational structure on organizational commitment in public and private sectors firms in Jordan. Three main structural dimensions are included in this research: formalization, centralization (in the form of hierarchy of authority and participation), and standardization. 412 surveys were administrated to 23 public and private firms in Amman and a sample of 239 valid questionnaires were obtained. Results reveal that all structure dimensions are related to organizational commitment in both sectors, except the hierarchy of authority. Among the structure dimensions, formalization exhibits the largest correlation with organizational commitment in public firms, whereas participation has the largest correlation with organizational commitment in private firms. Employee demographic has no impact on either structure dimensions or organizational commitment in either private or public sector. Furthermore, position in either private or public sector does not moderate the relationship between organizational structure and organizational commitment.
Fault diagnosis for a class of descriptor linear parameter‐varying systems

In this paper, a model‐based fault estimation method for a particular class of discrete‐time descriptor linear parameter‐varying systems is developed. The main contribution of this work consists in the design of an observer that performs simultaneously both, the states estimation and the fault magnitude vectors, considered as unknown inputs. The conditions for the existence of such observer are given. Such conditions guarantee the observer stability and they are proved through a Lyapunov analysis combined with a linear matrix inequalities formulation. The fault estimation scheme is evaluated through numerical simulations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induction of Genomic Instability in TK6 Human Lymphoblasts Exposed to 137Cs γ Radiation: Comparison to the Induction by Exposure to Accelerated 56Fe Particles

Abstract Evans, H. H. , Horng, M-F. , Ricanati, M. , Diaz-Insua, M. , Jordan, R. and Schwartz, J. L. Induction of Genomic Instability in TK6 Human Lymphoblasts Exposed to 137Cs γ Radiation: Comparison to the Induction by Exposure to Accelerated 56Fe Particles. Radiat. Res. 159, 737–747 (2003). The induction of genomic instability in TK6 human lymphoblasts by exposure to 137Cs γ radiation was investigated by measuring the frequency and characteristics of unstable clones isolated approximately 36 generations after exposure. Clones surviving irradiation and control clones were analyzed for 17 characteristics including chromosomal aberrations, growth defects, alterations in response to a second irradiation, and mutant frequencies at the thymidine kinase and Na+/K+ ATPase loci. Putative unstable clones were defined as those that exhibited a significant alteration in one or more characteristics compared to the controls. The frequency and characteristics of the unstable clones were compared in clones exposed to 137Cs γ rays or 56Fe particles. The majority of the unstable clones isolated after exposure to either γ rays or 56Fe particles exhibited chromosomal instability. Alterations in growth characteristics, radiation response and mutant frequencies occurred much less often than cytogenetic alterations in these unstable clones. The frequency and complexity of the unstable clones were greater after exposure to 56Fe particles than to γ rays. Unstable clones that survived 36 generations after exposure to γ rays exhibited increases in the incidence of dicentric chromosomes but not of chromatid breaks, whereas unstable clones that survived 36 generations after exposure to 56Fe particles exhibited increases in both chromatid and chromosome aberrations.
Dynamics of anti-M antibody response in a mouse model following intranasal infection with group A Streptococcus M-18.

Dynamics of anti-M antibody response following intranasal infection with group A Streptococcus (GAS) M-18 were investigated in a Swiss albino mouse model. Mice arranged in three groups were inoculated intranasally with 2.0x10(7) c.f. u. ml-1 of GAS M-18 on 1, 2 alternate and 3 alternate days. Plasma collected from the retro-orbital plexus was tested for antibodies by an in-house indirect ELISA. The antibody titres of the plasma samples varied from 1 : 8 to 1 : 1024 in the 1 day dose, from 1 : 4 to 1 : 256 in the 2 day dose and from 1 : 4 to 1 : 128 in the 3 day dose. Peak titres were seen on day 42 or 56 and in all cases the titres had declined by day 84. Swiss albino mouse can thus serve as a useful animal model to study different aspects of type-specific anti-M immune responses against GAS disease when designing candidate streptococcal vaccines.
Glucose-Regulated Protein, 78-Kilodalton Is a Modulator of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Expression in Luteinizing Granulosa Cells in Rats1

ABSTRACT Glucose-regulated protein, 78-kilodalton (GRP78) is a molecular chaperone that exists in the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in the assembly, transportation, and folding of proteins. Previously, GRP78 was reported to associate with gonadotropin receptors. However, little is known about how GRP78 is involved in the regulation of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR). Thus, in this study, we investigated the significance of GRP78 for the induction of LHR in rat luteinizing granulosa cells. Western blot analysis of rat LHR expressed in HEK293 cells revealed that the protein levels of LHR were increased, depending on the increment of GRP78 protein. In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, the GRP78 mRNA level peaked while LHR mRNA was down-regulated by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). To examine the time-dependent localization of GRP78 in vivo, immunohistochemistry was performed. GRP78 was expressed mainly in granulosa cells, and the GRP78 protein peaked 18 h after the ovulatory dose of hCG injection in equine chorionic gonadotropin-primed immature rats. To ascertain the role of GRP78 in LHR after down-regulation, small interfering GRP78 was transfected to cultured rat granulosa cells, demonstrating that knockdown of the GRP78 protein level impaired the recovery of cell surface LHR from down-regulation that negatively affected progesterone synthesis. Moreover, luciferase assays showed that CRE mediated the hCG-induced promoter activity of GRP78 in rat luteinizing granulosa cells. These results reveal a novel mechanism of LHR by GRP78 in the early stage of corpus lustrum formation, which may be an important factor in the recovery of LHR after the down-regulation.
Effects of food withdrawal and transport on 5- to 10-day-old calves.

The effects of food withdrawal for 30 hours and transport for up to 12 hours on 5- to 10-day-old calves were determined by monitoring plasma concentrations of glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, urea, lactate and creatine phosphokinase. In addition gamma-glutamyl transferase activity, packed cell volume, total plasma protein concentration, bodyweight and rectal temperature were recorded. Food withdrawal for 30 hours caused hypoglycemia but calves maintained normothermia and although their beta-hydroxybutyrate level increased indicating lipid mobilisation, the changes in blood urea level were minimal indicating low amino acid catabolism. When calves were transported for 12 hours in addition to having food withdrawn for 30 hours, they remained normoglycemic for six hours longer than non-transported calves, probably due to an effect of muscular activity during bracing against truck movements. Stocking calves at a lower density during transport apparently had a beneficial effect, as calves were able to lie down throughout the journey and therefore produced a similar metabolic profile to resting, non-transported animals. Transport and food withdrawal had no obvious effects on calf hydration. The results of this study suggest that food withdrawal for up to 30 hours and transport for up to 12 hours had no detrimental effects on the metabolism of healthy and clinically normal calves. With correct feeding regimes and transport protocols, welfare compromise in young, healthy calves being transported for up to 12 hours can be minimised when they are slaughtered within 30 hours of the start of transport.
Boredom in patients with acquired brain injuries during inpatient rehabilitation: a scoping review

Abstract Purpose: Boredom may impede engagement in inpatient rehabilitation following an acquired brain injury. This review aimed to: (1) describe the experience and (2) quantify the incidence of boredom; (3) identify measurement tools used to quantify boredom; (4) summarize factors contributing to boredom, and (5) outline evidence-based interventions shown to reduce boredom during inpatient rehabilitation. Methods: Two researchers independently screened publications retrieved from electronic database searches. Publications presenting patient, carer or staff data relating to boredom in inpatients with acquired brain injuries were included. Results: Two thousand four hundred and ninety-nine references were retrieved, 88 full texts were reviewed, with 24 studies included. The majority of studies reported qualitative data indicating boredom to be a common experience of patients with acquired brain injuries (n = 14 studies +1 review). The incidence of boredom post acquired brain injury is unknown. Personal and organizational factors and the physical environment may contribute to boredom (n = 11 studies +2 reviews). Qualitative work (n = 9 studies) indicates that use of the creative-arts or exposure to environmental enrichment may help alleviate boredom in patients with acquired brain injuries during inpatient rehabilitation. Conclusion: Further mixed-methods research is required to establish the incidence of and contributing factors to boredom in patients with acquired brain injuries undergoing rehabilitation. Understanding this will help inform future research aimed at improving patient engagement in inpatient rehabilitation. Implications for rehabilitation Boredom is commonly reported by hospitalised patients with ABI to negatively affect their rehabilitation yet the scope of the problem has not been measured. Boredom is a complex phenomenon, likely influenced by a number of personal and environmental factors that are not fully understood in this population. Through a better understanding of boredom, interventions may be developed to improve patient engagement in inpatient rehabilitation programs.
A Gln747-->Pro substitution in the IIb subunit is responsible for a moderate IIbbeta3 deficiency in Glanzmann thrombasthenia.

To clarify a molecular defect responsible for moderate alphaIIb beta3 deficiency, we examined two unrelated patients, MT and MS, suffering from type II and type I Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT), respectively. Sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments derived from platelet mRNA showed a single A-->C substitution at nucleotide (nt) 2334 leading to a Gln747--> Pro in alphaIIb in both patients. Allele-specific restriction enzyme analysis (ASRA) of genomic DNA demonstrated that patient MT was homozygous for the Gln747-->Pro substitution and patient MS was compound heterozygous for this substitution and for an RNA splice mutation at the consensus sequence of the splice acceptor site of exon 18 (AG-->AA). Furthermore, ASRA showed that, among 17 unrelated Japanese GT patients, this Gln747-->Pro substitution was detected in 4 patients, including MT and MS (homozygous, 2 patients; heterozygous, 2 patients). Cotransfection of Pro747alphaIIb and beta3 constructs into 293 cells resulted in moderate reduction in the amount of alphaIIb beta3 within the transfected cells as well as on the cell surface. However, Pro747alphaIIb beta3 bound the ligand mimetic monoclonal antibody (MoAb) PAC-1 after activation of alphaIIb beta3 by the MoAb PT25-2, suggesting that the mutant alphaIIb beta3 possesses the ligand-binding function. The association between the mutant proalphaIIb and beta3 was not disturbed. Surface labeling and pulse chase study showed that the Gln747-->Pro substitution moderately impaired both intracellular transport of the alphaIIb beta3 heterodimers to the Golgi apparatus and endoproteolytic cleavage of proalphaIIb into heavy and light chains. By contrast, replacement of Gln747 with Ala by mutagenesis did not impair alphaIIbbeta3 expression on the cell surface. These results suggest that the presence of Pro, rather than the absence of Gln, at amino acid residue 747 on alphaIIb is responsible for moderate alphaIIbbeta3 deficiency.
Aluminum?s Role in CNS-immune System Interactions leading to Neurological Disorders

Multisystem interactions are well established in neurological disorders, in spite of conventional views that only the central nervous system (CNS) is impacted. We review evidence for mutual interactions between the immune and nervous systems and show how these seem to be implicated in the origin and progression of nervous system disorders. Well-established immune system triggers leading to autoimmune reactions are considered. Of these, aluminum, a known neurotoxicant, may be of particular importance. We have demonstrated elsewhere that aluminum has the potential to induce damage at a range of levels in the CNS leading to neuronal death, circuit malfunction, and ultimately system failure. Aluminum is widely used as an adjuvant in various vaccine formulations and has been implicated in a multisystem disorder termed ? autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants? (ASIA). The implications of aluminum-induced ASIA in some disorders of the CNS are considered. We propose a unified theory capturing a progression from a local response to a systemic response initiated by disruption of water-based interfaces of exposed cells.
The fate of the sporozoites of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima and Eimeria mivati in the caeca of the fowl

The sporozoites of Eimeria acervulina and E. maxima when injected into the caeca of chickens fail to produce infections. Sporozoites of E. mivati injected into the caeca invade the walls and the life-cycle is completed. These observations are discussed in their relation to the fate of sporozoites injected into the allantois of chick embryos. The possible use of these techniques in confirming the identity of a species is discussed. We wish to thank Mr B. J. Millard for technical assistance with the preparation of the sporozoites.
Characterization of bottom ash, fly ash, and filter cake produced from hazardous waste incineration

in this study, the chemical characterization of solid residues, i.e., bottom ash, fly ash, and filter cake, produced from the izmit hazardous and Clinical w aste incineration Plant (izAyDAS) was investigated. the izA yDAS is located in the city of kocaeli in t urkey and it has been in use since 1997. Several param eters were measured, including AoX, Cl , CN , So 4 2and selected heavy metals including Pb, Cd, Cr(Vi), Cu, Ni, hg, As(iii), and zn. the results showed that although the temperature and furnace residence time inside the kiln are maintained for complete combustion, cold points and pyrolytic conditions may occur lo cally and cause the formation of products of incomplete combustion in bottom ash. Fly ash has the highest content of soluble metals among the solid residues investigated. The concentrations in leachates are gener ally low in filter cake. Moreover, it has been proven that the AoX levels are higher in the bottom ash than in both the fly ash and filter cake.
Effects of feeding large amounts of grain on colonic contents and feces in horses.

OBJECTIVE To assess changes in systemic hydration, concentrations of plasma electrolytes, hydration and physical properties of colonic contents and feces, and gastrointestinal transit in horses with access to large amounts of grain. ANIMALS 6 horses with right dorsal colon (RDC) fistulas. PROCEDURE In a crossover design, horses were alternately fed 1 of 3 diets: orchard grass hay ad libitum after being adapted to this diet for at least 5 days, orchard grass hay ad libitum and 4.55 kg of grain offered every 12 hours after being adapted to orchard grass hay ad libitum for at least 5 days, or orchard grass hay ad libitum and 4.55 kg of grain offered every 12 hours after being adapted to this diet for at least 5 days. Physical examinations were performed and samples of blood, colonic contents, and feces were collected every 6 hours during a 48-hour observation period. RESULTS Grain ingestion had several effects, including changes in the concentrations of electrolytes in plasma; RDC contents became more homogenous, dehydrated, foamy, and less dense; RDC contents flowed spontaneously when the cannula was opened; RDC contents expanded when heated in an oven; and feces became fetid and less formed. Horses did not have any clinical signs of colic, endotoxemia, or laminitis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Changes observed in the colonic contents and feces may be explained by the large amounts of hydrolyzable carbohydrates provided by grain. Access to large amounts of grain may increase the risk of tympany and displacement of the large intestine.
2007 SOPHE Presidential Address: On Being Comfortable With Being Uncomfortable: Centering an Africanist Vision in Our Gateway to Global Health

African identity must be central to research on African health and development. This article focuses on three primary themes for advancing a different vision for understanding health issues in Africa. The first is the need to deconstruct conventional assumptions and theories that have been used to frame public health problems and solutions in Africa. The second is to insist that identity be central to how we frame issues of health and behavior in general and in Africa in particular. The third is the importance of the notion of “social cultural infrastructure” in defining African ways of knowing to guide public health research and intervention in Africa. Finally, the metaphor of the “African gate” is used to illuminate these themes while drawing on examples from an HIV- and AIDS-related stigma research in South Africa and its implications for addressing the critical global public-health issues of today.
The sectional anatomy of the carpal tunnel and its related neurovascular structures studied by using plastination

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphology of the carpal tunnel and its related neurovascular structures. A slice anatomy study was performed on 12 right wrists of unfixed human cadavers by using the plastination technique. The measurements were performed at the level of the pisiform, hook of the hamate and in the middle between these structures. The diameters of the carpal tunnel and the median nerve were measured at the level of the hook of the hamate. The median nerve can be predicted to be 18 ± 1.6 mm radial to the pisiform and the ulnar neurovascular bundle 6.8 ± 1.4 mm radial to the pisiform. Between those structures there will be at least a 9‐mm area, localized 8 mm radial to the pisiform, where the incision of the transverse carpal ligament could be performed risk‐free. At the hamate hook the median nerve can be predicted at 9.24 ± 1.18 mm and the ulnar artery lies usually 1.26 ± 2.5 mm radial to the hook. An understanding of the contents and their positions, and relationships to each other allows an accurate identification of neurovascular structures in the carpal tunnel. Our findings can be used as anatomic landmarks of the carpal tunnel and could be helpful to physicians performing carpal tunnel investigations.
Free Flap Take-Back following Postoperative Microvascular Compromise: Predicting Salvage versus Failure

Background: The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to stratify preoperative risk factors that predict successful free flap salvage and (2) to identify perioperative strategies that correlate with successful salvage. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on all free flaps performed from January of 2005 to April of 2011. The time until salvage was defined as the end of the initial procedure until the initiation of the salvage attempt. The primary endpoint, successful salvage, was defined as any flap that did not result in total loss. Results: A total of 2260 free flaps were reviewed, and 47 take-backs for delayed microvascular compromise were identified. Twenty-three of 47 flaps (49 percent) were salvaged. The mean time until take-back, presence of thrombophilia, and preoperative platelet counts were factors predictive of unsuccessful salvage. Preoperative platelet counts above 300 were associated with the lowest rates of salvage. Intraoperative maneuvers were examined, and surgeon experience (defined as >5 years in practice) was the only factor that was significant; however, intraoperative heparin anticoagulation and complete mechanical thrombectomy trended toward significance. The type of thrombolytic agent used was not found to result in a statistically significant difference. Conclusions: There is evidence to suggest that there may be preoperative factors predictive of flap salvage success, including thrombophilia and routine preoperative platelet values. Shorter time to take-back and surgeon experience may improve salvage, whereas intraoperative heparin anticoagulation and complete mechanical removal of the thrombus demonstrate preliminary evidence as effective intraoperative strategies. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, III.
Cell cycle‐related proteins p21 and bcl‐2: markers of differentiation in the human Fallopian tube

lase (NSE, BBS/NC/Vi-H-14, Dako) and chromogranin A (monoclonal, Dako). The diagnosis was pericardial rhabdomyomatous spindle cell thymoma with mucinous cystic degeneration. The patient was disease-free during 28-month follow-up. Immunohistochemically, these myoid cells express muscle markers such as desmin, myoglobin, actin. Their histogenesis is still unclear. The myoid cells may play a role in triggering the autoimmune reactions. The mucinous cysts were explained as degenerate in Hassall's corpuscles. The presence of mucous substance in our case was similar to the observation of Murakami et al. They showed the presence of a mucous substance on the surface of myoid cells. We think that the myoid cell clusters with at least 20±30 cells degenerate due to an unknown, probably vascular, reason. Finally, cystic spaces with mucous substance remain. In the differential diagnosis, mediastinal rhabdomyoma and solitary ®brous tumour (SFT) should primarily be considered. Mediastinal rhabdomyoma, whose origin is probably from the myoid cells of the thymus, does not include an epithelial spindle cell component with cytokeratin expression. Histological features of the SFT may be similar to thymoma with a predominantly spindle cell pattern. However, the characteristic rosette formations, mucous cysts and myoid cells were not seen. Spindle cells in SFT show immunohistochemical reactivity to vimentin and CD34, but not to cytokeratins. The myoid cells are only immunoreactive for vimentin in thymoma. Finally, this unusual presentation site of ectopic thymoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of problematic pericardial lesions.