Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison Of Recovering Times And Aerobic Capacity According To Playing Positions Of Elite Football Players

The purpose of this study was to compare aerobic capasities and recovery times according to playing positions of elite male football players. For this reason, twenty-four professional football players who played in Trabzonspor participated in voluntarily to this study. According to playing positions, players were divided to four different groups as three goalkeepers (age: 26,0 ± 2,64 years; height: 188,8 ± 2,88 cm; weight: 79,6 ± 5,13 kg), eight defencive players (age: 27,1 ± 2,69 years; height: 183,5 ± 5,12 cm; weight: 76,3 ± 3,06 kg), eight midfield players (age: 25,8 ± 1,64 years; height: 178,5 ± 8,79 cm; weight: 75 ± 7,63 kg) and five forward players (age: 28,0 ± 1,87 years; height: 181,8 ± 4,81 cm; weight: 73,4 ± 3,78 kg). The football players applied Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level-1 (Yo-Yo IR1) which was a field test and recovery times, maximal oxygen consumption, maximal heart rates, and covered distances of players values were examinated according to positions of players. Kruskal Wallis-H test was used to determine significant difference between groups. According to test results, there is a significant difference (p < 0.05) between recovery times, maximal oxygen exhaustion values, maximal heart beating numbers, and covered distances according to playing positions of male football players is statistically obtained. The differences between groups was determined with Mann Whitney-U analyze technique. According to test results, it was found that the covered distances (1987,5 ± 260,3m) and maximal oxygen consumption values (53,0 ± 2,17 ml/kg/dk) of midfield players was greater than players who played in other positions. The forward players had better recovery time values (3,38 ± 0,6 dk) than players who played in other positions while goalkeepers had lower maximal heart rate (179,3 ± 8,50 atim/dk) than players who played in other positions. As conclusion, it was statistically determined that aerobic power performance and recovery times of elite male football player was differentiated according to position of football players.
Corporate Governance and Dividend Policy in Jordan

This study investigates the relationship between corporate governance and dividend policy in Jordan using a sample of 47 industrial company listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during the period 2005-2011. The results show that large firms with high investment opportunity set (growth) and high return on equity make large dividend payment, but firms with high financial leverage degree make lesser dividend payment. The random regression was used to test the relationship between the corporate governance factors (corporate holdings, financial institution holdings, insiders holding and foreign holding) and dividend yield. The corporate holdings and financial institution holdings have a nonlinear relationship with dividend yield, as holding increase the dividend yield increase up to a certain level of holdings supporting the free cash flow theory. The relationship is positive in level and negative in square. As the insiders’ holding and foreign holdings increase the dividend yield decrease supporting the signaling theory.
Fama and French Risk Factors Constructed from Russell / Nomura Style Indexes : Evidence from Japanese Monthly and Daily Data Sets By :

This paper uses risk factors constructed from RusselllNomura style indexes as proxies in an attempt to make the Fama and French three-factor asset pricing model more appealing. The performance of these benchmark factors is evaluated through a direct and simple generalized method of moments test using both daily and monthly data sets of the 33 Japanese industry indexes. OUf constructed Fama and French three risk factors can explain returns on most of the 33 industry indexes of all common stocks listed on Tokyo Stock Exchange Eirst Section, JASDAQ, Hercules, and other exchanges. Moreover, the three factors risk premia finding confirms the conclusion concerning the nature of the reversal of the size effect.
Andrei V. Bazhanov A constant-utility criterion linked to an imperfect economy affected by irreversible global warming O13 Q32 Q38 essential nonrenewable resource, imperfect polluting economy, economy-linked criterion EERI

The question of formulation of a social planner criterion for an imperfect economy is examined using an example of a polluting economy negatively a ected by growing temperature. Imperfection of the economy is expressed here in deviations from the optimal initial state. It is shown that a criterion not linked to a specific initial state almost always implies either unsustainable or ine cient paths in the economy. In this paper, I link the constant-utility criterion to the initial amount of the resource reserve. This criterion implies e cient resource use and the paths of utility asymptotically approaching some constants, which depend on the parameters of the temperature function. The criterion can be formulated for the cases when the reserve estimate changes over time and when the high level of temperature can cause extinction. JEL Classification: O13; Q32; Q38
DISSOLVED FLUORIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN METHANE-CHARGED SEDIMENT SEQUENCES 1

Dissolved fluoride was determined for pore waters at eight sites drilled on Hydrate Ridge during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 204 and one site drilled in the Peru Trench during ODP Leg 201. All nine sites contain a shallow (<20 m) sulfate–methane transition (SMT) above abundant methane including gas hydrate. For Sites 1248, 1249, and 1250 on the crest of Hydrate Ridge, F– concentrations are significantly lower than that of seawater in the shallowest samples (<50 μM), rise to a broad maximum, and generally decrease with depth. The low values at the top are consistent with rapid F– removal at or near the seafloor, and the relatively smooth F– profiles are consistent with high upward fluid fluxes. In contrast, Sites 1244, 1245, 1247, 1251, and 1252 from the flanks and slope basins of Hydrate Ridge and Site 1230 from the Peru Trench have F– profiles apparently characterized by two lows with an intervening high. Processes involving sediment components appear to consume F– at shallow depth, release F– at intermediate depth, and consume F– again at deeper depth. The upper low in F– concentrations consistently lies near the SMT where pore water alkalinity and Mg2+ profiles suggest precipitation of Mg-rich carbonate. A similar pattern occurs at other sites drilled into methane-charged sediment. We speculate that Mg-rich carbonates (e.g., high-Mg calcite, protodolomite, and dolomite) remove F– from pore water near the SMT but, with burial and recrystallization, return F– to pore waters at depth. Authigenic Mg-rich carbonates conceivably represent a major sink of F– from the ocean, although additional work is needed to confirm this idea. 1Dickens, G.R. , Donohue, C.M. , and Snyder, G.T. , 2006. Dissolved fluoride concentrations in methane-charged sediment sequences. In Tréhu, A.M., Bohrmann, G. , Torres, M.E. , and Colwell, F.S. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 204, 1–22 [Online]. Available from World Wide Web: <http://wwwodp.tamu. edu/publications/204_SR/ VOLUME/CHAPTERS/118.PDF>. [Cited YYYY-MM-DD] 2Department of Earth Sciences, Rice University, Houston TX 77005, USA. Correspondence author: jerry@rice.edu Initial receipt: 23 March 2005 Acceptance: 8 March 2006 Web publication: 29 September 2006 Ms 204SR-118 DICKENS ET AL. DISSOLVED FLOURIDE CONCENTRATIONS 2
Herding Momentum Effect And Feedback Trading Of Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors In The Taiwan Stock Market

This study extends the herding measures proposed by Warmers (1999), Lakonishok, Shleifer and Vishny (1992) and Borensztein and Gaston (2003) for stocks overbought and oversold by institutional investors as well as the information content related to institutional herding proposed by Nofsinger and Sias (1999). Our analysis further develops a herding measure related to the overbought herding measure, oversold herding measure, and overboughtâ€“oversold in dollar ratio for Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (QFIIs) in the Taiwan stock market. Our results show that the short-term overbought herding measure and the mid-to-long-term oversold in dollar ratio by QFIIs are associated with herding effects resulting from positive feedback trading among QFIIs. The short-to mid-term overbought in dollar ratio by QFIIs is associated with clear herding effects, primarily resulting from the price-impact of herding. The results of this study contribute to the literature on herding measured by the buying number and dollar amounts of institutional investor. The results are also to be integrated with a series of research studies regarding reactions to information on securities markets.
NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF SHEAR-THINNING DROP FORMATION

A Volume-of-Fluid numerical method is used to predict the dynamics of shear-thinning liquid drop formation in air from a circular orifice. The validity of the numerical calculation is confirmed for a Newtonian liquid by comparison with experimental measurements. For particular values of Weber number and Froude number, predictions for a shear-thinning drop show an expected more rapid pinch-off, but also a minimum i n the limiting drop length as the zero-shear viscosity i s varied. However the dominant effect on drop length is a reduction due to shear-thinning at higher viscosities. The evolution of predicted drop shape, drop thickness and length, and the configuration at pinch-off are discussed for various shear-thinning parameters. NOMENCLATURE a internal radius of the nozzle C fractional volume function
Field Evaluation of Controlled Traffic Farming in Central Europe Using Commercially Available Machinery

The progressive increase in the size and weight of farm machinery causes concerns due to the increased risk of soil compaction that arises from non-organized vehicle traffic. Controlled traffic farming (CTF) offers an effective means to manage compaction by confining all load-bearing wheels to the least possible area of permanent traffic lanes. Although CTF is relatively well-established in Australia and in some countries in Northern Europe, its benefits and suitability for Central European conditions have not been demonstrated. A long-term experimental site was established in 2010 in Nitra, Slovakia, using a 6 m 'OutTrac-CTF' system with shallow non-inversion tillage practices. The 16 ha experimental field of loam soil is representative of land used for arable cropping in Central Europe. Four traffic intensities (non-trafficked, one traffic event per year with a single pass, multiple passes with permanent traffic lanes, and random traffic) were evaluated using two traffic systems: controlled (CTF) and non-controlled traffic farming (referred to as random traffic farming or RTF). This article reports the findings derived from the first four years of the project and focuses on the effects of traffic systems on yields observed in cereal crops (winter wheat, spring barley, and maize) grown at the site in a rotation cycle. Significant differences (p < 0.1) in yield are reported due to the heterogeneity of the field and the seasonal effect of weather. The results of this investigation suggest that CTF systems have potential to increase production sustainably in arable farming systems in Central Europe. Well-designed CTF systems using commercially available machinery allow for reductions in the area affected by traffic of up to 50% compared with random, non-organized traffic systems. Results also show that in years when soil moisture was not limiting, the yield penalty from a single (annual) machine pass was relatively small (~5%). However, in dry years, compaction caused by multiple machinery passes may lead to yield losses of up to 33%. When considering the ratio of non-trafficked to trafficked area within the different CTF systems evaluated in this study, yield improvements of up to 0.5 t ha-1 for cereals are possible when converting from RTF to CTF. Given the assumptions made in the analyses, such yield increases translate into increased revenues of up to 117 USD ha-1 (1 Euro= 1.1 USD). For Central European farming systems, the main benefit of CTF appears to be improved efficiency and enhanced agronomic stability, especially in dry seasons, where the significant yield penalty from machinery passes is likely.
Are Us CEOS Paid More than UK CEOS? Inferences from Risk-Adjusted Pay

We compute and compare risk-adjusted CEO pay in the United States and United Kingdom, where the risk adjustment is based on estimated risk premiums stemming from the equity incentives borne by CEOs. Controlling for firm and industry characteristics, we find that U.S. CEOs have higher pay, but also bear much higher stock and option incentives than U.K. CEOs. Using reasonable estimates of risk premiums, we find that risk-adjusted U.S. CEO pay does not appear to be large compared to that of U.K. CEOs. We also examine differences in pay and equity incentives between a sample of non-U.K. European CEOs and a matched sample of U.S. CEOs, and find that risk-adjusting pay may explain about half of the apparent higher pay for U.S. CEOs. The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org. , Oxford University Press.
Proactivity with image in mind: How employee and manager characteristics affect evaluations of proactive behaviours

This paper investigates image cost as a potential downside of proactivity. Drawing on attribution theory, we examine how people construct subjective evaluations of one manifestation of proactivity, feedback-seeking behaviour. Using a scenario methodology, we examined how employees' performance history, their manager's implicit person theory (IPT), and the frequency of their feedback-seeking affect how managers evaluate employees' feedback seeking. Results indicate that manager attribute average performers' feedback seeking significantly less to performance-enhancement motives than superior performers' seeking. Results further show that the frequency of feedback seeking and a manager's IPT interact in influencing managers' attributions for feedback seeking, with more entity oriented managers attributing frequent feedback seeking significantly more to impression-management motives than infrequent feedback requests. These results highlight the importance of not only the instrumental benefits of employee proactivity, but also its potential costs.
A Gender-Based Comparison of Levels and Determinants of Adolescent Well-Being: Results from a Canadian National Survey

Using data from Canada’s National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, the authors compared the levels of well-being between female and male adolescents and examined the specific determinants of well-being for each gender. The authors determined that a higher proportion of female youth reported doing well in school whereas the male youth reported higher levels of self-esteem and physical aggression. For both genders, the number of children living in the home and level of parental education were associated with their school performance. The self-esteem of female youth was apparently influenced by various parental factors such as home ownership status, level of education, and depression, whereas family dysfunction was associated with the self-esteem of male youth. Living in poverty, family dysfunction and parental age were all associated with the physical aggression levels of male youth, while for females, physical aggression was seemingly influenced by the level of parental education.
EFFECTS OF THE 2014 FARM BILL POLICIES ON COTTON PRODUCTION

Abstract We develop a model for a representative risk-averse cotton farmer to analyze the impact of crop insurance policies (Revenue Protection [RP], Yield Protection, Stacked Income Protection Plan [STAX], and Supplemental Coverage Option [SCO]). The model is calibrated and numerically optimized to quantify the effects of different insurance policy combinations on input use (moral hazard), insurance coverage levels, premiums, and certainty equivalent. When the farmer elects only RP, the optimal coverage rate is 80%. Under RP and STAX, the optimal RP coverage rate is 70% and the STAX coverage rate is 90%. RP and STAX is the optimal policy combination based on certainty equivalents. The RP and SCO combination has the lowest impact of input use.
What is literariness? Three components of literary reading

It is now widely maintained that the concept of literariness has been critically examined and found deficient. Prominent postmodern literary theorists have argued that there are no special characteristics that distinguish literature from other texts. Similarly, cognitive psychology has often subsumed literary understanding within a general theory of discourse processing. However, a review of empirical studies of literary readers reveals traces of literariness that appear irreducible to either of these explanatory frameworks. Our analysis of readers’ responses to several literary texts (short stories and poems) indicates processes beyond the explanatory reach of current situation models. Such findings suggest a three‐component model of literariness involving foregrounded stylistic or narrative features, readers’ defamiliarizing responses to them, and the consequent modification of personal meanings.
Surveying Parental Mediation: Connections, Challenges and Questions for Media Literacy

This paper examines three strategies of parental mediation—coviewing, restrictive mediation, and active mediation—in order to make connections, challenge, and raise questions for media literacy. Coviewing, whether it is intentional practice, or whether it functions to promote media literacy, is explored. Restrictive mediation, how it connects to protectionism, and whether restriction serves as a form of media literacy is raised. Lastly, active mediation and whether it relates to an inquiry model of media literacy is discussed. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research on parental mediation and media literacy in the hopes of advancing parent media education.
Advance Selling with Part Prepayment and Consumer Returns

Part prepayment scheme can induce more consumers to purchase the product in advance but may also lead to the increase in consumer returns. This study develops a two-period theoretical model to examine the interaction between the part prepayment scheme and the return policy and its effect on the retailer’s profit. Our analysis yields the following insights. First, part prepayment scheme can help the retailer to increase the demand without sacrificing the advance selling price. Second, the prepayment proportion and the consumers’ hassle cost of return have a negative cross effect on the retailer’s profit, which indicates that when the consumers are allowed to preorder the product with a relatively low proportion of prepayment, the retailer should impose more restrictions to increase the consumers’ hassle cost of return. Third, the prepayment proportion and the ex-ante product information perceived by consumers also have a negative cross effect on the retailer’s profit, which indicates that the retailer should consider the degree of product information disclosure when adopting the part prepayment scheme. We also extend the model to incorporate the retailer’s handling cost of consumer returns and find that it is beneficial for the retailer to require a full prepayment when the handling cost is relatively high.
Do we need to diagnose normal weight metabolic obesity

Obesity is most commonly diagnosed based on the body mass index (BMI). However, it is known that some subjects with normal BMI have increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk associated with excessive visceral fat deposit. These subjects are defined as metabolic obese normal weight or metabolically unhealthy normal weight. Metabolic obese normal weight is particularly frequent among young people, and low physical activity level is indicated as its primary cause. Metabolic obese normal weight is very rarely recognised in clinical practice. The aim of this manuscript is a discussion of this phenotype of obesity and its diagnostic criteria.
Assessing Spatial Patterns of Plant Communities at Varying Stages of Succession

There is a well known connection between the structural complexity of vegetative stands and ecosystem properties. Developing methods to quantify this structural complexity is an important goal for ecologists. We present an efficient and easily implemented field technique for calculating the shape of forest canopies, and the shape of forest stands as succession occurs, using fractal geometry. Fractal geometry can be used to describe complex, non-Euclidean objects that are common in natural systems. We tested the use of this tool in 22 vegetative and forested plots in Western New York State, USA. We found an asymptotic relationship for fractal dimension (D) as a function of basal area (BA; r2= 0.68). In a randomization test to investigate the robustness of D to different tree canopy shapes, we found that D was sensitive to canopy shape switching, suggesting that the method is able to differentiate among similar forests comprised of species having different shaped crowns. We conclude that the shape is conserved in vegetative areas as they progress from one stage of succession to the next (range of mean D: 2.56 to 2.68 across stages). Furthermore, we conclude that the shape filling properties—i.e., distribution of trunks and limbs in a forested area, measured as mean distance—are also conserved across vegetational chronosequences (F = 1.3189, df = 8, 3, p = 0.3341).
Estimating the validity of administrative variables

Administrative data have become more important for both official statistics and academic research. One possible problem with such data is that they are biased and have a low validity. Although this problem is often mentioned in a qualitative respect, the validity is seldom quantitatively measured. This article presents a method to estimate the validity of administrative variables. By applying the classical test theory, the validity can be determined by using linked survey and administrative data which should measure the same concepts. This idea is elaborated with an empirical example in which the construct validity of age, gender, educational attainment and wages is determined simultaneously. A linear structural equations model with a measurement component is used to compute the construct validity. The analyses reveal that educational attainment and wages show some bias, but not higher than the bias found in the survey.
"Here's a little something for you": How therapists respond to client gifts.

Descriptions by 12 therapists of their experiences receiving tangible gifts from clients are examined. Using consensual qualitative research (C. E. Hill, B. J. Thompson, & E. N. Williams, 1997) therapists' overall gift encounters and specifically identified gift events were explored. Results indicated that although clients rarely gave gifts, all of the participants had accepted gifts. Problematic gifts (i.e., ones that raised concern for therapists) were given at more provocative times than were unproblematic gifts (i.e., ones that evoked few concerns for therapists). Both types of gifts were given for various reasons (e.g., appreciation, manipulation, equalization). Participants reported positive and negative internal responses to both types of gifts, but more often discussed unproblematic than problematic gifts with clients. Problematic gifts were more often discussed with others than were unproblematic gifts. Gift episodes of both types facilitated therapy process.