Researching Progress and Trends of Agricultural Land's Ecological Compensation under Land Use Planning Control

Agricultural land plays a multi-dimensional function and role.It provides not only food and fiber,which is the important safeguard to food security of our country,but also various non-market commodities with characteristics of externalities or public goods,as an ecological barrier in protecting environment,which plays more and more important ecological and landscape functions in land use planning.Since the 1990s,large quantity of the agricultural land has been converted to construction land,the authorities have adopted series of strict policies and mechanisms to protect agricultural land.The implementation of "basic farmland protection policy" prohibits land development and other non-agricultural use,and the individual landlord-farmer is losing the option value of land development and gets neither subsidies nor compensations.It is necessary to establish agricultural land's ecological compensation mechanism to reach welfare equilibrium and make out related polices including functional-oriented zoning,option value assessment and so on.This paper reviews the researches of agricultural land's ecological compensation and addresses future development on several aspects,including evaluating the performance of agricultural land protection policies,discussing the mechanism of agricultural land's ecological compensation,calculating the compensation standards of agricultural land's external benefits,defining "property rights" of agricultural land's external benefits and "land development right",and predicting welfare effects of agricultural land's ecological compensation.Firstly,analysis from the change of research perspective,it turns the topic of analyzing policy flaws and economic inducements under land use planning control to design the rational agricultural land's ecological compensation mechanism and policies to fulfill the needs of related participants,to balance the benefits of the relevant participants.Secondly,analysis from the research topic and focus,it turns the focus from the necessary of implementing agricultural land's ecological compensation mechanism to calculate agricultural land's external benefits and the ecological compensation standard,or to ascertain the property rights of agricultural land's external benefits and the compensation of restricted areas' welfare loss under land use planning control,take related stakeholders' reciprocity into account.Thirdly,analysis from the difficulties and experiences of the related research,lessons learned from international experience,the compensation policy had some positive impact on alleviating poverty and reaching related groups' welfare equilibrium,and to construct a fair social environment that can make the poverty groups share each right.But imperfect monitoring system and asymmetric information act as exponential factors that influence implementation of ecological compensation,and contract design is troubled by moral hazard and adverse selection.The establishment of a sound regulatory system can encourage farmers,communities,equity-related subjects and local governments to participate in it as it is the key of agricultural land's ecological compensation mechanism to success.Finally,analysis from China's actual land use conditions and practical need,the practical experience of developed countries' ecological compensation provides valuable reference for China to build agricultural land's ecological compensation mechanism.At present,it is necessary and difficult to construct a fairness and efficiency agricultural land's ecological compensation mechanism,to combine the policy context and China's basic land resources conditions and reach the balance welfare equilibrium of related stakeholders.