Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rhyme and alliteration in poems elicited from young children

ABSTRACT Attempts were made to elicit poems from 133 children between the ages of 2 and 6. Seventy-eight of the children produced 606 poems between them. Sixty per cent of the poems contained phonological devices; 42% contained rhyme and 26% contained alliteration. There was no obvious age trend as regards the use of rhyme but the frequency of alliteration declined with age. There were no significant age differences as regards the relative frequency with which different phonemes were manipulated in rhyme and alliteration. The possible functions of such sound-based language play in language development are discussed, with special reference both to children's sound play in crib speech, and to the development of phonological awareness and its importance in learning to read.
Ethical activity profile of nurse managers.

AIM To describe the ethical activity profile of nurse managers (NM). BACKGROUND Ethical responsibilities require nurse managers to perform certain ethical activities. In this study, these activities are referred to as an ethical activity profile and are divided into five dimensions: (1) developing one's own ethics knowledge, (2) influencing ethical issues, (3) conducting or implementing ethics research, (4) identifying and (5) solving ethical problems. This paper focuses on the first four dimensions. METHODS Survey data were collected in 2011 using a questionnaire (mainly open questions) amongst managers at the ward, middle and strategic levels (n = 122). The data were analysed using inductive content analysis and quantification. RESULTS The ethical activity profile of nurse managers was high, referring to the identification of various work-related ethical problems [related to staff (31%), the nurse managers themselves (29%), resources (17%), patients (12%), superiors (7%) and organisations (4%)]. However, developing one's own ethics knowledge, influencing ethical issues and conducting or implementing research dimensions of the ethical activity profile were low. CONCLUSIONS There is room to improve the ethical activity profile of nurse managers. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Organisations have to demand that nurse managers meet all their ethical responsibilities and support this via organisational structures.
Design of multiple orthogonal pulses for UWB radios using an iterative convex constrained l1 minimization method

Considering the limitation of the U.S Federal Communications Commission (FCC)'s spectral masks and the coexistence with other wireless services, design of the pulse shape is vital to ultra-wideband (UWB) radios. Based on the classical Gaussian monocycle pulse which poorly fits the FCC spectral mask, this paper uses a digital finite impulse response (FIR) filter to synthesize a set of orthogonal pulses. The pulse design problem is then converted into the design of the FIR filter, which is highly nonconvex and thus hard to solve for its optimal solution. This paper extends the iterative constrained lp elliptic error minimization method for a single pulse design to the case of multiple orthogonal pulses design by incorporating with the orthogonality conditions in the design. Examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and to compare with existing methods in the literature. Results show that the proposed method has obtained higher spectrum utilization efficiencies for almost all the designed orthogonal waveforms.
Nationalized Incumbents and Regional Challengers: Opposition- and Incumbent-Party Nationalization in Africa

The African party literature, especially research prescribing to the long-dominant ethnic voting thesis, has asserted that African party systems exhibit low levels of party nationalization. However, systematic research on nationalization across parties and party systems is still lacking. This study argues that the prospects for building nationalized parties vary substantially between incumbent and opposition parties. Incumbent parties, with their access to state resources, have been successful in creating nationwide operations, even in countries where geographical factors have been unfavorable and where ethnic fractionalization is high. The analysis utilizes a new data set of disaggregate election results for 26 African countries to calculate nationalization scores for 77 parties and study the correlates of party nationalization. The results show that factors like ethnic fractionalization, the size of the geographical area, and urbanization affect party nationalization, but only in the case of opposition parties. Incumbent parties, on the other hand, generally remain nationalized despite unfavorable structural conditions.
Deletion analysis of the internal signal‐anchor domain of the human asialoglycoprotein receptor H1.

The human asialoglycoprotein receptor H1 is a single‐spanning membrane protein with the amino terminus facing the cytoplasm and the carboxy terminus exposed on the exoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. It has been shown earlier that the transmembrane segment, residues 38‐65, functions as an internal signal directing protein synthesis to the endoplasmic reticulum and initiating membrane insertion. This process is co‐translational and mediated by signal recognition particle (SRP). To identify subsegments within this region containing the signal information, we prepared deletion mutants at the level of the cDNA and analysed them in a wheat germ in vitro translation system with microsomes as the target membrane. Insertion and membrane anchoring were judged by the glycosylation of the protein, its resistance to exogenous protease and the extent to which it can be extracted from the microsomes by alkaline treatment. It was found that very small deletions already reduce the stability of membrane anchoring. However, nearly half of the transmembrane domain can be deleted, both from the amino‐terminal and from the carboxy‐terminal side, without completely abolishing membrane insertion. Several mutants, although not inserted, still interact with SRP. The results support the notion that the main feature of a signal sequence is a hydrophobic stretch of sufficient length (10‐12 residues in our sequence), and indicate that recognition by SRP is not sufficient for membrane insertion.
Return to Work after an Acute Coronary Syndrome: Patients' Perspective

Objectives To describe the time perspective of return to work and the factors that facilitate and hinder return to work in a group of survivors of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods Retrospective semi-structured telephone survey 2 to 3 years after hospitalization with 84 employed Dutch ACS-patients from one academic medical hospital. Results Fifty-eight percent of patients returned to work within 3 months, whereas at least 88% returned to work once within 2 years. Two years after hospitalization, 12% of ACS patients had not returned to work at all, and 24% were working, but not at pre-ACS levels. For all ACS-patients, the most mentioned categories of facilitating factors to return to work were having no complaints and not having signs or symptoms of heart disease. Physical incapacity, co-morbidity, and mental incapacity were the top 3 categories of hindering factors against returning to work. Conclusion Within 2 years, 36% of the patients had not returned to work at their pre-ACS levels. Disease factors, functional capacity, environmental factors, and personal factors were listed as affecting subjects' work ability level.
Speed, speed variability, and accuracy of information processing in 5 to 6-year-old children at risk of ADHD

The early assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) children has mainly focused on the behavioral, social, and pre-academic impairments. This study examined whether 5 to 6-year-old children at risk of ADHD are characterized by information-processing deficits. By screening 1,317 children in Southern Limburg (the Netherlands) with the Child Behavior Checklist, 363 were selected and underwent a computerized examination. Eighteen months later, standardized psychiatric information was obtained. Thirty-three ADHD children were compared with 75 borderline ADHD children, 122 pathological controls, and 133 healthy controls. ADHD and borderline ADHD children were slower and more variable in their processing speed on all tasks than children with no or other pathology. These differences were most pronounced for the divided and focused attention tasks. Furthermore, one measure of a state regulation deficit discriminated between groups. With regard to accuracy, only the proportion of misses on a go–no-go task was higher in the ADHD group than in the other groups. Evidence was found that ADHD is better seen as a continuum rather than a discrete category. Already at a young age, children at risk of ADHD show specific information-processing deficits. Deficits in time perception and/or energetic state control in children with ADHD may possibly account for subnormal task performance. (JINS, 2005, 11, 173–183.)
INFECTION WITH THE NEMATODE Streptocara incognita IN THE CHILEAN FLAMINGO 1

Naturally-occurring streptocarosis, caused by Streptocara incognita Gibson, 1968, was diagnosed in two Chilean flamingos, Phoenicopterus chilensis. Ulcerative lesions of the proventriculus and gizzard caused by the nematodes resulted in a severe debilitative condition and eventual death. Streptocara incognita has been reported previously only in anseriform birds.
Dual-Polarized Tightly Coupled Array With Substrate Loading

A dual-polarized, tightly coupled dipole array (TCDA), delivering 13.1:1 bandwidth, is presented. The array incorporates a resistive sheet (R-Card) in the substrate to suppress resonances within the operational band and employs a dielectric layer as a superstrate to maintain high efficiency. The simulated infinite array demonstrates broadside VSWR <; 2.5 across a 13.5:1 bandwidth, and VSWR 13.1:1 bandwidth while scanning up to 45° , with cross-polarization levels <; -20 dB, in all planes. The array height, including the superstrate, is 0.08 wavelengths above the ground plane at the lowest operational frequency, and 1.1 wavelengths at the highest frequency. The infinite array overall efficiency, including mismatch reflections and aperture/resistive losses,> -2.2 is dB across all frequencies and scanning angles. An 8×8 prototype was fabricated and tested to validate the design. Measured array gain and mid-band and high-frequency patterns for the two principal scanning planes are presented, demonstrating good agreement with the respective simulations.
Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast carcinoma: Psychosocial implications

Fifty women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery for Stage II breast carcinoma were interviewed in an effort to describe the psychosocial effect of the treatment. Perceptions of emotional distress and behaviorial disruption were rated in five areas, yielding a rating of overall level of disruption and distress. Results showed that all women experienced adverse changes while receiving adjuvant treatments. Of the 50 women, 88% described a decrease in activities related to the effects of adjuvant chemotherapy; 54% reported an increased financial burden; and 41% claimed that their family and/or sexual life had been adversely affected. Despite these adverse changes, 74% of these patients “would definitely” recommend the treatment to friends in a similar situation. Results from this preliminary study may provide useful information to potential participants in adjuvant trials and to the physicians who conduct such trials.
Elevation of factor VII activity and mass in coronary artery disease of varying severity

The present study was undertaken to determine whether the extent of Factor VII elevation correlated with the severity of coronary artery disease and whether zymogen or activated Factor VII was responsible for this elevation. A group of 69 patients with coronary artery disease with old myocardial infarction was compared with 28 control subjects. The patient groups showed elevated levels of Factor VII procoagulant activity (FVII.C) and more markedly elevated Factor VII antigen (FVII:Ag) levels than the control group; therefore they had a decreased FVII:C to FVII:Ag ratio. The increased Factor VII level in the patient groups was caused by elevated Factor VII zymogen levels, and not by activated Factor VII. Since FVII:C levels strongly correlated with the titer of thrombin‐antithrombin III complexes in all patients, the hypercoagulable state accompanying severe coronary atherosclerosis seems to underlie the increase of FVII and TAT in the stable phase of myocardial infarction.
A New Subunit of the Epithelial Na+ Channel Identifies Regions Involved in Na+ Self-inhibition*

The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) is the apical entry pathway for Na+ in many Na+-reabsorbing epithelia. ENaC is a heterotetrameric protein composed of homologous α, β, and γ subunits. Mutations in ENaC cause severe hypertension or salt wasting in humans; and consequently, ENaC activity is tightly controlled. According to the concept of Na+ self-inhibition, the extracellular Na+ ion itself can reduce ENaC activity. The molecular basis for Na+ self-inhibition is unknown. Here, we describe cloning of a new ENaC subunit from Xenopus laevis (ϵxENaC). ϵxENaC can replace αxENaC and formed functional, highly selective, amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels when coexpressed with βxENaC and γxENaC. Channels containing ϵxENaC showed strong inhibition by extracellular Na+. This Na+ self-inhibition was significantly slower than for αxENaC-containing channels. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we show that the proximal part of the large extracellular domain controls the speed of self-inhibition. This suggests that this region is involved in conformational changes during Na+ self-inhibition.
ESTIMATING PARAMETERS IN AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS IN NON-NORMAL SITUATIONS: ASYMMETRIC INNOVATIONS

The estimation of coefficients in a simple autoregressive model is considered in a supposedly difficult situation where the innovations have an asymmetric distribution. Two distributions, gamma and generalized logistic, are considered for illustration. Closed form estimators are obtained and shown to be efficient and robust. Efficiencies of least squares estimators are evaluated and shown to be very low. This work is an extension of that of Tiku, Wong and Bian [1] who give solutions for a simple AR(1) model. † Currently a Visiting Professor in the Department of Statistics at METU.
Reflections on Emotions, Imagination, and Moral Reasoning

B eginning with the problem of integrating diverse disciplinary perspectives on moral cognition, we argue that the various disciplines have an interest in developing a common conceptual framework for moral cognition research. We discuss issues arising in the other chapters in this volume that might serve as focal points for future investigation and as the basis for the eventual development of such a framework. These include the role of theory in binding together diverse phenomena and the role of philosophy in the construction of moral theory. We discuss the problem of distinguishing descriptive and normative issues and the importance of systematic normative analysis for empirical research. We argue that theories of cognitive architecture should play an important role as a backdrop for investigation into specific aspects of moral cognition, and we consider some of the taxonomic issues that will arise for moral cognition research, including types of moral agents, forms of moral cognition, and the nature of morality itself. Finally, we discuss some key issues in moral development, including the importance of
Spatiotemporal Variation in Avian Diversity and the Short-term Effects of Typhoons in Tropical Reef-karst Forests on Taiwan

Abstract The diversity and spatiotemporal variation of avifauna in different settings of tropical coral reef-karst forests on the Hengchun Peninsula, Taiwan, were examined. The short-term effects on bird assemblages following two typhoons that severely impacted Hengchun were investigated. Line-transect census recorded 46 species of birds, dominated by forest-associated gleaning insectivores or omnivores, and 13% of the endemics of Taiwan. Prior to the typhoons, the continuous-canopy forest was close to the open forest setting in species evenness, but the species heterogeneity was lower and more variable. The continuous-canopy and open forests differed in overall avian composition, whereas two continuous-canopy forest settings were similar in composition. Typhoons did not significantly lower the mean numbers of either species or birds, nor affect the pattern of their spatial distribution in the forest settings. However, they did increase similarities in the species composition between the open and continuous-canopy settings, and caused a decrease in the similarity between forest edges and interiors. Overall, typhoons affected species composition more in the continuous-canopy forests than in the open setting, and more in interiors than in forest edges. This pattern corresponded to an increase in the species heterogeneity and species evenness in the forest interiors, indicating movements of birds from the edge toward the interior. Among different functional groups, gleaning omnivores tended to retain a pattern of higher abundance in the open forest setting than in the continuous-canopy forests, whereas the abundances of gleaning insectivores and cavity-nesting frugivores tended to decline in the latter or both settings.
Analysis of genetic abnormalities provides insights into genetic evolution of hyperdiploid myeloma

Aneuploidy is ubiquitous in human cancer and is seen as whole chromosome gains and losses, unbalanced translocations and inversions, duplications, deletions and loss of heterozygosity. Within this complexity, some subgroups of aneuploid tumors emerge as distinct biological and clinical entities. Hyperdiploid myeloma (H‐MM), characterized by hyperdiploid chromosome numbers because of nonrandom trisomies, is one such example. We undertook a comprehensive survey of the karyotypes of a large number of H‐MM (n = 469) to describe fully genomic instability in these tumors, to dissect pathways of genetic evolution, and identify distinct subgroups based on their genetic changes. While selective pressure apparently favors the emergence of clones with gains of chromosomes 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 19, and 21, a background of ongoing genomic instability results in gains of other chromosomes, albeit at a much lower prevalence. A deduced temporal analysis of these karyotypes indicates that selected gains are early events. Other events occurring later in the course of the disease include secondary chromosome translocations and monosomies. The development of these genetic aberrations is thus highly ordered and undoubtedly of biological relevance. Within this framework, we propose a model of genetic evolution in H‐MM. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Prostaglandin-endoperoxide Synthase 2 ( PTGS 2 ) and Phospholipase A 2 Group IIA ( PLA 2 G 2 A ) Genes with Susceptibility to Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

For reasons that are not clear, the highest incidence of esophageal cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), is found in the developing countries, but geographical variation in ESCC incidence within these countries is very striking. The Taihangshan Mountain area, including Linxian in Henan Province, and Cixian, Shexian, Wuan city in Hebei Province, a rural area of China, has the highest incidence of esophageal cancer in the world (>100 per 100, 000 population) (Zhang et al., 2011). Causes for
Service providers' perception of affective influences on decision-making about treatments for chronic pain

Purpose: Service providers working with people who have complex health problems like chronic pain are considered at particular risk from the heavy emotional content of these interactions (frustration, guilt, hostility). For the good of service users and in the interests of healthcare workers' own health it is important for them to employ reflective practice acknowledging these issues. Service providers are inculcated to negate the affective domain of their practice despite the growing awareness that wellbeing can no longer be envisioned as a linear (cause and effect) process divorced from socio-cultural influences and attendant values and beliefs. The aim of this report is to examine to what degree service users (SU) and service providers (SP) believe their decisions about treatment importance are influenced by self-image and emotion. Design: These results are extrapolated from a larger study based on a postal questionnaire that went to members of the Pain Society (UK Chapter of IASP) and service users belonging to chronic pain support groups in the North-West of England. The question of interest in this report asked participants to identify their level of agreement with statements about how four themes influence their decision-making about whether a treatment is important. The themes (coherence, purposiveness, self-image and affect) arise from Chapman's model of consciousness and pain. Results: Only 20.5% of service providers rated the influence of self-image (what someone like me would think) as 3 (mostly) or 4 (completely). Service provider rating for the influence of affect (how this treatment makes me feel) were similarly low with only 19.4% of respondents selecting a rating of 3 or 4. In marked contrast, 73.3% of the service users selected self-image and 92.9% selected affect as a strong influence. Conclusion: Service providers felt that affect and self-image had little influence on their decision-making. However, there is growing evidence in the literature to suggest that it is not possible, nor preferable, to divorce emotion from the clinical encounter.
Tetracycline Resistance in Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis: Prevalence in Bordeaux, France, from 1999 to 2002 and Description of Two tet(M)-Positive Isolates of M. hominis Susceptible to Tetracyclines

ABSTRACT Twenty-four of 128 clinical isolates of Mycoplasma hominis and 6 of 276 clinical isolates of Ureaplasma spp. from Bordeaux, France (1999 to 2002), were resistant to tetracycline and harbored the tet(M) gene. For M. hominis, we also found an increase in tetracycline resistance and two tet(M)-positive isolates that were susceptible to tetracyclines.
Robust pedestrian detection using low level and high level features

In this paper, we introduce pedestrian detection using combination of low level features like CNN, HOG and Haar with high level features. Two kinds of high level features were used in this paper. One is related to the probability of existence of human's face, which obtained from combination of skin color and possible location and area for the human's face. The other is related to the probability of existence of human's anti-body which obtained by curvature checking of vertical edges, situation of them relative to each other and location of them in the detection window. Several different structures were studied and their results were compared on a diagram. Also the average execution times of them were gathered in a table. At first, we show that appending the high level features to every low level feature improves the performance of detection very much and then, with proper arrangement of several features, it is possible to improve the performance of detection further without increasing the execution time. For evaluation of the proposed algorithm, INRIA database and a video sequence were used.