Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Being Fearless and Fearsome

Violence and masculinity, as many criminologists have argued, are tightly coupled in the United States. According to the current masculinity and crime perspectives, men who confront multiple oppressions (e.g., class, race, and political) are particularly apt to use violence because, while marginalized men lack economic power, they possess power in terms of their gender, especially through the use or threat of violence. While many scholars acknowledge that racial oppression can contribute to the development of violent masculine identities, the authors argue that race remains undertheorized in prevailing explanations of masculine identities and violence. In this study, the authors argue for further advancement of the colonial criminology framework to deepen our understanding of the race-based inequalities leading up to violence. More specifically, the authors analyze data collected from a 6-year ethnographic study of youth violence among Pacific Islander adolescents to illustrate the effects of the lasting legacy of colonialism as well as the continuing salience of racial and ethnic identity formation in explanations of violence, primarily involving Native Hawaiian and Samoan youths in Hawai‘i.
Prestimulus hippocampal activity predicts later recollection

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to address the question whether medial temporal lobe (MTL) activity prior to a stimulus event is predictive of whether the event will be successfully encoded in an incidental study task. Participants were scanned while making pleasantness judgments on words presented either in written or spoken form. A cue presented at a variable interval before the onset of each word signaled the modality of the upcoming item. Following the study phase, a surprise recognition memory test was administered that required items to be endorsed as “Remembered,” “Known,” or “New. ” Activity in the MTL, including the hippocampus, differed during the cue‐item interval according to whether the item was later endorsed as Remembered rather than judged as Known or New. Thus, the level of hippocampal activity prior to the onset of an event predicts whether the event will be successfully encoded into episodic memory. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidural Fentanyl Speeds the Onset of Sensory and Motor Blocks During Epidural Ropivacaine Anesthesia

In this study we examined the onset times of sensory and motor block during epidural ropivacaine anesthesia with and without the addition of fentanyl to the epidural solution. Forty-five young male patients undergoing knee arthroscopic surgery were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 15 patients each: epidural fentanyl (EF; epidural administration of 15 mL of 1% ropivacaine plus 100 &mgr;g fentanyl followed by IV injection of 2 mL of normal saline); IV fentanyl (IF; epidural administration of 15 mL of 1% ropivacaine plus 2 mL of normal saline followed by IV injection of 100 &mgr;g fentanyl); and control (C; epidural administration of 15 mL of 1% ropivacaine plus 2 mL of normal saline followed by IV injection of 2 mL of normal saline). The sensory and motor blocks were assessed by pinprick and modified Bromage scale, respectively. The hemodynamic changes, postepidural shivering, and side effects of epidural fentanyl were also recorded. There was no difference in the distribution of age, weight, and height among the 3 groups. The onset time of sensory block to the T10 dermatome was significantly more rapid in the EF group (13.0 ± 3.0 min) than in the IF group (16.2 ± 3.5 min, P < 0.05) or C group (17.7 ± 3.6 min, P < 0.05). The onset times of motor block up to Bromage scale 1 and 2 were significantly more rapid in the EF group (11.9 ± 4.6 and 24.4 ± 5.9 min) than in the IF group (16.9 ± 4.7 and 30.8 ± 5.6 min, P < 0.05) or C group (18.3 ± 4.9 and 32.7 ± 5.7 min, P < 0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of shivering among the three groups. Pruritus was observed in three patients of the EF group and one patient of the IF group. No nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, urinary retention, or hypotension was observed in any patient. We conclude that epidural administration of the mixture of 100 &mgr;g fentanyl and 1% ropivacaine solution accelerated the onset of sensory and motor blocks during epidural ropivacaine anesthesia without significant fentanyl-related side effects.
Cutaneous side‐effects of antihepatitis C treatment: the U.K. experience

pitis: a population-based study from Kaiser Permanente Northern California. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69:916–21. 3 Mapelli ET, Cerri A, Bombonato C, Menni S. Tinea capitis in the paediatric population in Milan, Italy: the emergence of Trichophyton violaceum. Mycopathologia 2013; 176:243–6. 4 Seebacher C, Abeck D, Brasch J et al. Tinea capitis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2006; 4:1085–91. 5 Bennassar A, Grimalt R. Management of tinea capitis in childhood. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2010; 3:89–98. 6 Takwale A, Agarwal S, Holmes SC, Berth-Jones J. Tinea capitis in two elderly women: transmission at the hairdresser. Br J Dermatol 2001; 144:898–900. 7 Yu J, Wan Z, Chen W et al. Molecular typing study of the Microsporum canis strains isolated from an outbreak of tinea capitis in a school. Mycopathologia 2004; 157:37–41. 8 Subelj M, Marinko JS, U cakar V. An outbreak of Microsporum canis in two elementary schools in a rural area around the capital city of Slovenia, 2012. Epidemiol Infect 2014; 142: 2662–6. 9 Drusin LM, Ross BG, Rhodes KH et al. Nosocomial ringworm in a neonatal intensive care unit: a nurse and her cat. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000; 21:605–7. 10 Shah PC, Krajden S, Kane J, Summerbell RC. Tinea corporis caused by Microsporum canis: report of a nosocomial outbreak. Eur J Epidemiol 1988; 4:33–8.
The "sick but slick" syndrome as a personality component of parents of battered children.

Thirteen parents convicted in court of battering their children and 13 matched controls were administered a battery of personality tests, with significant differences obtained on 5 of 21 study variables. Battering parents appeared healthier on those instruments based on content validity, where the social desirability of the items is more obvious. They appeared more disturbed (i.e., psychopathic) on items based on concurrent or statistical validity. It was concluded that battering parents were psychopathically disturbed, but whenever possible presented a distorted picture of themselves as healthy and unlikely to abuse their children. This tendency has been labeled the "sick but slick syndrome. "
Honeypots: practical means to validate malicious fault assumptions

We report on an experiment run with several honeypots for 4 months. The motivation of this work resides in our wish to use data collected by honeypots to validate fault assumptions required when designing intrusion-tolerant systems. This work in progress establishes the foundations for a feasibility study into that direction. After a review of the state of the art with respect to honeypots, we present our test bed, discuss results obtained and lessons learned. Avenues for future work are also proposed.
Simulation tools for digital LSI design

This thesis proposes a timing simulator (RSIM) based on a uniquely simple transistor model. RSIM allows a designer to determine both the functional and approximate timing characteristics of a MOS network with more accuracy than gate-level simulation, and using larger circuits than are accommodated by circuit analysis programs. In RSIM, transistors are modeled as resistors; the logic states of a transistor''s terminal nodes determine its effective resistance. Using this model, a MOS network is simulated as a network of resistors where each node''s value is determined by the resistance of its connections to various inputs. Transition times are determined from the RC time constant calculated for the node by examining the surrounding network; (R from the transistors, C from the interconnect and gate capacitance). The network''s behavior as inputs are given values is calculated by an efficient event-driven algorithm. Two changes to the underlying model are also investigated: (1) further simplifying the transistor model of an on/off switch (which can be thought of as a degenerate resistor). Several approaches to switch-level simulation are developed, one particularly well-suited for implementation using parallel hardware; (2) modeling the behavior of a network of switches by a system of logic equations. Various compilation strategies are evaluated for producing code that implements the system of equations.
Systemwide Effects of Medicaid Retrospective Drug Utilization Review Programs

Aggregate pooled cross-sectional and time-series annual state data for 1985 to 1992 were used to estimate the systemwide effects of retrospective drug utilization review programs (Retro-DUR) on Medicaid drug and nondrug outcomes. The results provide evidence that these programs produce significant cost savings in the drug budget without spillover effects (positive or negative) in other nondrug budgets within the Medicaid system. We also examine the influence of restricted formularies in this post-Retro-DUR era on drug and nondrug budgets in the Medicaid system; we find significant cost savings in the former but positive spillover effects in the latter.
Cytokine patterns and the effects of a preoperative steroid treatment in the patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the cytokine patterns of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms and the effects of preoperative steroid administration on surgical stress. METHODS From January 1996 to August 1996, 20 consecutive patients underwent an elective reconstruction of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms. The patients were randomly divided into two groups consisting of a control group (n=10) and a steroid group (n=10), in whom 1 g of methylprednisolone was intravenously administered two hours before the operation. MEASURES Interleukin-6 was serially measured and the perioperative parameters including C-reactive protein were compared between both the control and the steroid groups. RESULTS The interleukin-6 values in the steroid group immediately after declamping, as well as at one and three postoperative days were significantly lower than those in the control group. C-reactive protein values at one postoperative day in the steroid group were also significantly lower than those in the control group. In one patient with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, the interleukin-6 values were higher than those in the patients undergoing elective surgery throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS These results thus suggest that preoperative steroid administration using methylprednisolone in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms appears to reduce surgical stress by decreasing cytokine release.
GPU Accelerated Real-time Object Detection on High Resolution Videos using Modified Census Transform

This paper presents a novel GPU accelerated object detection system using CUDA. Because of its detection accuracy, speed and robustness to illumination variations, a boosting based approach with Modified Census Transform features is used. Results are given on the face detection problem for evaluation. Results show that even our single-GPU implementation can run in real-time on high resolution video streams without sacrificing accuracy and outperforms the single-threaded and multi-threaded CPU implementations for resolutions ranging from 640×480 to 1920×1080 by a factor of 12-18x and 4-6x, respectively.
Anti‐GM1 and anti‐sulfatide antibodies in polyneuropathies Threshold titers and accuracy

Objectives – To determine threshold titers and diagnostic accuracy of anti‐GM1 and anti‐sulfatide antibodies (Ab) for autoimmune polyneuropathies (PN) in overall and for particular subtypes of them. Materials and methods– In this study 84 PN patients, 120 epileptics and 93 healthy controls' sera were tested by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for autoAbs and results confirmed by thin‐layer chromatography. Frequencies of positive patients at increasing cut‐off were compared to determine threshold titers. Accuracy was determined by Receiver Operator Characteristic analysis. Results– A 1:2000 titer for IgM anti‐GM1 and a 1:4000 titer for IgM anti‐sulfatide Ab resulted to be threshold titers for autoimmune PN in overall. IgM anti‐GM1 and anti‐sulfatide Ab had low discriminating capacity between autoimmune PN and other PN, but good discriminating capacity between motor neuropathy (for anti‐GM1 Ab) or PN in IgM‐paraproteinemia or chronic painful sensory axonal PN (for anti‐sulfatide Ab) and other PN. Conclusion– Our results suggest that testing IgM anti‐GM1 or anti‐sulfatide Ab is useful only for diagnostic confirmation of specific subtypes of autoimmune PN.
Expression of Wilms' Tumor Gene and Protein Localization During Ovarian Formation and Follicular Development in Sheep1

Abstract Wilms' tumor protein (WT1) is a transcriptional repressor essential for the development of mammalian kidneys and gonads. To gain insight into possible roles of WT1 in ovarian formation and follicular function, we studied patterns of mRNA and protein localization throughout fetal gonadal development and in ovaries of 4-wk-old and adult sheep. At Day 24 after conception, strong expression of WT1 mRNA and protein was observed in the coelomic epithelial region of the mesonephros where the gonad was forming. By Day 30, expression was observed in the surface epithelium and in many mesenchymal and endothelial cells of the gonad. Epithelial cells continued to express WT1 throughout gonadal development, as did pregranulosa cells during the process of follicular formation. However, WT1 expression was not observed in germ cells. During follicular growth, granulosa cells expressed WT1 from the type 1 (primordial) to the type 4 stages, but thereafter expression was reduced in type 5 (antral) follicles, consistent with the differentiation of granulosa cells into steroid-producing cells. The possible progenitor cells for the theca interna (i.e., the cell streams in the ovarian interstitium) expressed WT1 heterogeneously. However, differentiated theca cells in antral follicles did not express WT1. Strong expression of WT1 was observed during gonadal development, which is consistent with a role for WT1 in ovarian and follicular formation in the ewe. WT1 was identified in many cells of the neonatal and adult ovaries, including granulosa cells, suggesting that this factor is important for preantral follicular growth. However, the decline in WT1 expression in antral follicles suggests that WT1 may prevent premature differentiation of somatic cells of the follicle during early follicular growth.
Comparison of well-being of older adult choir singers and the general population in Finland: A case-control study

Previous research suggests that singing in a choir as an older adult is associated with better quality of life (QOL). However, the degree to which sociodemographic variables and level of engagement in hobbies contribute to this relationship is largely unknown. The aim of the study was to compare quality of life (QOL) of older adult choir singers with a matched sample of older adults from the general population in Finland, taking into consideration sociodemographic variables, satisfaction with health, and level of engagement in hobbies. Case-control methods were used to match a sample of 109 older adult singers with a sample of 307 older adults from the general population. Tobit regression analysis with sociodemographic covariates was used to explore observed group differences in QOL as measured by two WHOQOL-Bref domains (psychological and physical). Probit regression analysis was used to examine the effect of sociodemographic variables and engagement in hobbies and on overall QOL and satisfaction with health. As expected, sociodemographic variables were strongly associated with physical and psychological QOL. After controlling for sociodemographic variables, the older choir singers reported significantly higher ratings on physical QOL, but not psychological QOL, compared to matched controls. Additional adjustment for satisfaction with health attenuated the results. When considering the level of engagement in hobbies, older adult choir singers reported significantly higher overall QOL and satisfaction with health when compared to controls who were either actively engaged in hobbies or not active in hobbies. These results suggest that singing in a choir as an older adult may promote well-being, even after accounting for sociodemographic variables and level of engagement in hobbies.
Eclipse Phase of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection: Efficient Dynein-Mediated Capsid Transport without the Small Capsid Protein VP26

ABSTRACT Cytoplasmic dynein,together with its cofactor dynactin, transports incoming herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) capsids along microtubules (MT) to the MT-organizing center (MTOC). From the MTOC, capsids move further to the nuclear pore, where the viral genome is released into the nucleoplasm. The small capsid protein VP26 can interact with the dynein light chains Tctex1 (DYNLT1) and rp3 (DYNLT3) and may recruit dynein to the capsid. Therefore, we analyzed nuclear targeting of incoming HSV1-ΔVP26 capsids devoid of VP26 and of HSV1-GFPVP26 capsids expressing a GFPVP26 fusion instead of VP26. To compare the cell entry of different strains, we characterized the inocula with respect to infectivity, viral genome content, protein composition, and particle composition. Preparations with a low particle-to-PFU ratio showed efficient nuclear targeting and were considered to be of higher quality than those containing many defective particles, which were unable to induce plaque formation. When cells were infected with HSV-1 wild type, HSV1-ΔVP26, or HSV1-GFPVP26, viral capsids were transported along MT to the nucleus. Moreover, when dynein function was inhibited by overexpression of the dynactin subunit dynamitin, fewer capsids of HSV-1 wild type, HSV1-ΔVP26, and HSV1-GFPVP26 arrived at the nucleus. Thus, even in the absence of the potential viral dynein receptor VP26, HSV-1 used MT and dynein for efficient nuclear targeting. These data suggest that besides VP26, HSV-1 encodes other receptors for dynein or dynactin.
Lymphocyte Proliferation Response During Eimeria tenella Infection Assessed by a New, Reliable, Nonradioactive Colorimetric Assay

SUMMARY. The application of a tetrazolium salt, WST-8, 2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H tetrazolium, monosodium salt to the lymphocyte proliferation assay in the chicken system was evaluated. Proliferation of concanavalin (Con A)-induced splenic lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was evaluated with WST-8 and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Coefficients of correlation (r) between these two reagents were 0.98 and 0.97 in splenic lymphocytes and PBL, respectively. In general, the sensitivity of the WST-8 assay was significantly higher than that of the MTT assay, and the standard deviations of the WST-8 assay were significantly lower than those of the MTT assay. The WST-8 assay was fast and highly reproducible and provided a good indication of mitogen-induced proliferation of spleen cells induced by Con A. With the use of the WST-8 assay, splenic mitogenic response of chickens infected with Eimeria decreased transiently at 7 days but increased significantly at 10 days after primary infection compared with that of uninfected chickens. Additionally, the measurement of interleukin (IL)-2 production with WST-8 was highly reproducible and showed a significant increase in IL-2 production upon stimulation of Eimeria tenella-immune spleen cells with Con A. After E. tenella infection, splenic IL-2 production increased significantly at 7 days post-primary and at 2 days post-secondary infection. The WST-8 assay is fast, simple, and more reproducible and sensitive than the MTT assay. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the WST-8 assay to assess cell-mediated immune response of chickens in normal and disease states.
Human Heparanase

Heparan sulfate and heparan sulfate proteoglycans are present in the extracellular matrix as well as on the external cell surface. They bind various molecules such as growth factors and cytokines and modulate the biological functions of binding proteins. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are also important structural components of the basement membrane. Heparanase is an endo-β-d-glucuronidase capable of cleaving heparan sulfate and has been implicated in inflammation and tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. In this study, we report the purification of a human heparanase from an SV40-transformed embryonic fibroblast cell line WI38/VA13 by four sequential column chromatographies. The activity was measured by high speed gel permeation chromatography of the degradation products of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled heparan sulfate. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity, yielding a peptide with an apparent molecular mass of 50 kDa when analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using the amino acid sequences of the N-terminal and internal heparanase peptides, a cDNA coding for human heparanase was cloned. NIH3T3 and COS-7 cells stably transfected with pBK-CMV expression vectors containing the heparanase cDNA showed high heparanase activities. The homology search revealed that no homologous protein had been reported.
High mortality in orthotopic liver transplant recipients who require hemodialysis

Zand MS, Orloff MS, Abt P, Patel S, Tsoulfas G, Kashyap R, Jain A, Safadjou S, Bozorgzadeh A. High mortality in orthotopic liver transplant recipients who require hemodialysis. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 213–221. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine use in children with asthma: a nationwide population‐based study

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease accounting for severe morbidity and mortality in children. To determine the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to treat pediatric asthma, we conducted a nationwide population‐based study by analyzing a cohort of one million randomly sampled patients from the beneficiaries of the National Health Insurance Program in Taiwan from 2002 to 2010. Children under 18 years of age with newly diagnosed asthma (ICD‐9‐CM code: 493, N = 45 833) were enrolled, and 57.95% (N = 26 585) of them had used TCM. The number of TCM users was significantly more than that of non‐TCM users in school‐age children. The most commonly prescribed TCM formula is Ding‐chuan‐tang, or Xing‐ren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum) for the single herb. Our study is the first to reveal characteristics and prescription patterns of the use of TCM in children with asthma. Further research is needed to elucidate the efficacy and safety of these Chinese herbal products.