Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON THE AVERAGE DENSITY PROFILE OF DARK-MATTER HALOS IN THE INNER REGIONS OF MASSIVE EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES

We study a sample of 39 massive early-type lens galaxies at redshift z ≲ 0.3 to determine the slope of the average dark-matter density profile in the innermost regions. We keep the strong-lensing and stellar population synthesis modeling as simple as possible to measure the galaxy total and luminous masses. By rescaling the values of the Einstein radius and dark-matter projected mass with the values of the luminous effective radius and mass, we combine all the data of the galaxies in the sample. We find that between 0.3 and 0.9 times the value of the effective radius the average logarithmic slope of the dark-matter projected density profile is −1.0 ± 0.2 (i.e., approximately isothermal) or −0.7 ± 0.5 (i.e., shallower than isothermal), if, respectively, a constant Chabrier or heavier, Salpeter-like stellar initial mass function is adopted. These results provide positive evidence of the influence of the baryonic component on the contraction of the galaxy dark-matter halos, compared to the predictions of dark-matter-only cosmological simulations, and open a new way to test models of structure formation and evolution within the standard ΛCDM cosmological scenario.
Multiple primary malignant neoplasms: A case report and literature review

Until recently, few cases of three or more malignant tumors in one patient have been reported. Owing to the high incidence rate of these tumors, the improvement in cancer diagnosis and treatment, and the extension of patient survival time, the incidence of reported multiple primary malignant neoplasms has gradually increased. The present study reported the case of a 57-year-old man with non-small cell lung cancer combined with B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase V600E mutation, gastrointestinal stromal tumors and lumbar vertebral malignant mucinous sarcoma. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of these three malignancies are discussed and previous studies are also reviewed. The aim of the study was to analyze the genetic mutations associated with multiple primary malignant tumors and to discuss whether those mutations with unknown functional significance could be used as therapeutic indicators. This case report will serve as a reference for future treatment of such patients.
Total phenolic content, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) polyphenols extracts on cancer cell lines.

Introduction: Cancer chemopreventive agents from natural sources have been actively investigated over the years to seek prevention against cancer. In this study, cocoa polyphenols extract (CPE) was examined to explore its antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities. Methods: CPE was analysed for total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays). In vitro cytotoxicity effect of CPE against HepG2, HT-29, HeLa, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and WRL-68 cell lines after 48 h exposure was measured by MTT assay. Results: The study showed that CPE had higher total phenolic content (13560.0±420.1 mg GAE/100g dry weight of sample) than vitamin E (p<0.05). CPE exhibited strong antioxidant activity comparable with ascorbic acid in both DPPH (IC50 = 14.73±1.47 μg/ml) and FRAP (2130.33±2.33 μM of FE/1 mg of dry weight of sample). The cytotoxicity study showed that CPE exhibited the highest cytotoxicity effect against MCF-7 with lowest IC50 value (3.00±0.29 mg/ml) compared to other cancer cell lines after 48 h treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicate that CPE demonstrated high total phenolic content, free radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing ability and cytotoxicity activity towards HepG2, HT-29, HeLa, A549, MDA-MB- 231 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Further isolation of bioactive constituents from CPE should be done to characterise its potential chemopreventive activity as well as to elucidate the mechanism of cancer cell death induced by CPE.
TESTING HETEROTIC EFFECT AND STRAIN DIFFERENCES FOR CARCASS TRAITS OF SOME DEVELOPED LOCAL STRAINS OF CHICKEN AND THEIR CROSSES

To analyze the improvement of carcass traits in some developed local chicken strains, crossbreeding experiments were carried out of eight strains of chicken (basic flocks): Golden Montazah (GM), Matrouh (MAT), Mandarah (MN), Silver Montazah (SM), Bahig (BAH), Gimmizah (GIM), Mamourah (MAM), Sina (SIN). Carcass traits to either basic flocks, their crosses and reciprocal crosses were determined. The main results showed that, Mamourah strain had significantly the heaviest live body weight compared to other strains; while, Mamourah, Golden Montazah and Mandarah strains had significantly higher carcass percentage (60.92, 60.85 and 60.44 %, respectively) and total edible parts percentage compared to other one. It had significantly lower total inedible parts percentage compared to other studied developed local chicken strains. GM×MN and GIM×MAM crosses had significantly heavier live body weight compared to other crosses. GM×SIN cross had significantly higher carcass percentage and total edible parts (%) in comparison with other studied crosses. This cross recorded higher value of carcass percentage compared to their parents. GM×MN cross had significantly higher liver percentage (2.60 %) and giblets percentage (5.52 %) in comparison with other crosses, and this cross recorded higher values of liver and giblets percentages compared to their parents. Reciprocal cross (MN×GM) had significantly higher live body weight, carcass percentage and total edible parts (%) compared to other reciprocal crosses. There are positive heterosis of live body weight in all crosses and reciprocal crosses, except MAM×GIM. On the contrary, there are negative heterosis of carcass and total edible parts percentages in all crosses, except GM×SIN cross had positive heterosis.
X-RAY FADING AND EXPANSION IN THE “MINIATURE SUPERNOVA REMNANT” OF GK PERSEI

We report on a second epoch of Chandra X-ray imaging spectroscopy of the spatially resolved old nova remnant GK Persei. An ACIS-S3 observation of 97.4 ks was conducted in 2013 November after a lapse of 13.8 yr from the last visit in 2000. The X-ray emitting nebula appeared more faint and patchy compared with the first epoch. The flux decline was particularly evident in fainter regions and the mean decline was 30%–40% in the 0.5–1.2 keV energy band. A typical expansion of the brightest part of the remnant was 1. ″9, which corresponds to an expansion rate of 0. ″14 yr−1. The soft X-ray spectra extracted from both the 2000 and 2013 data can be explained by a non-equilibrium ionization collisional plasma model convolved with interstellar absorption, though do not allow us to constrain the origin of the flux evolution. The plasma temperature has not significantly evolved since the 2000 epoch and we conclude that the fading of the X-ray emission is due largely to expansion. This implies that recent expansion has been into a lower density medium, a scenario that is qualitatively consistent with the structure of the circumstellar environment photographed soon after the initial explosion more than a century ago. Fainter areas are fading more quickly than brighter areas, indicating that they are fainter because of a lower ambient medium density and consequently more rapid expansion.
University of Birmingham Fabrication and tribological characterization of laser textured boron cast iron surfaces

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Impact of the UK Psychoactive Substances Act on awareness, use, experiences and knowledge of potential associated health risks of Novel Psychoactive Substances.

AIMS The risk of potential harms prompted the UK government to introduce the Psychoactive Substances Act (PSA) in 2016. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of this new legislation on patterns of NPS awareness, use, experiences and risk awareness in a self-selected sample of UK consumers to inform education and policy. METHODS The Bristol Online Survey was advertised on the Bluelight drug forum and social media Facebook pages and University email between 7 January and 7 February 2015 (168 responses) and 9 March to 18 September 2017 (726 responses). UK country of residence responses were extracted for analysis (SPSS). RESULTS In a predominantly university-educated, young (< 25 years) self-selecting sample, one year after introduction of the legislation, NPS use (in males, under 18s, those educated to school/college level, p<0.001) has increased, whilst health risk awareness has not changed and remains poor. Users are switching to sourcing NPS via street dealers (49%) and the darknet (31%) and showing an increase in preference for the herbal NPS Salvia divinorum (p<0.05). The main reasons for NPS use remain the influence of friends (69%) in a social setting and to 'get high' (76%) usually in combination with alcohol, cannabis or ecstasy. CONCLUSIONS Regulation alone, so far, has not impacted on health risk awareness, NPS drug demand and culture in our UK survey sample. Alongside regulation, NPS health promotion education (particularly in schools, colleges) is needed that addresses resilience and both the risks and beneficial effects of NPS.
The Evaluation of Heavy Metals Concentrations in Cempaka Lake, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Seven sampling stations were identified to determine the status of water quality based on heavy metals concentrations in Cempaka Lake, Bandar Baru Bangi within two sampling periods; June 2010 and August 2010. The objective of the study is to determine the seasonal variations in the lake water quality with respect to heavy metals contamination. Seven parameters of heavy metals were analyzed from the water samples which were collected from the seven different sampling stations at the Cempaka Lake. They are Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd) and Nickel (Ni). The concentrations of these seven heavy metals were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spec (ICP-MS) (ELAN 9000). Evaluation of the concentration of heavy metals is carried out based on the NWQS classification.The results are: Cu between 0.0007 to 0.021 mg/L, Mn 0.10 to 0.11 mg/L, Pb 0.001 to 0.002 mg/L, Zn 0.01 to 0.03 mg/L, Fe 1.03 to 4.41mg/L, Cd 0.0001 to 0.0002 mg/L and Ni 0.0013 to 0.014 mg/L. The data obtained from this study were analyzed statistically using the one-way ANOVA, to determine the existence of the relationship based on partial and temporal conditions of the each heavy metal. The results of the analysis on the seven heavy metals in the seven sampling stations found that the concentration of heavy metals is relatively low. Only Fe has high content and in class IV, followed by Mn in class II while the other five heavy metals remain in class I.
The less likely the better: An empirical analysis of trading strategies accounting for the presence of stock market regimes

This contribution studies the out-of-sample performance of trading strategies applying 2-State-Markov-Switching models. Thereby, different probability thresholds are considered where the investor decides when to go in, respectively, out of the stock market. Furthermore, the investor may decide to invest in a risk free asset when a bear-market is expected to occur in the forecast period. In this study, the US-stock index S&P 500 is employed where the challenging period from January 2008-December 2010 is used for the out-of-sample experiment. The optimal trading strategies, given that the investor does not decide to invest in the risk free asset, suggest low probability thresholds of 0.075 and 0.050 concerning bull-market probabilities. Therefore, the investor is invested 69% respectively 88% of the investment horizon in the stock market. The optimal trading strategies exhibit total gross gains of 34.35% respectively 6.01% during the out-of-sample period, whereas the S&P 500 stock market return was -8.07% during the period under consideration.
Identifying Existing Bus Service Condition and Analyzing Customer Satisfaction of Bus Service in Dhaka City

Bus systems provide a versatile form of public transportation with the flexibility to serve a variety of access needs throughout an urban area. Efficient operation of the public transport is a key factor for the improvement of living condition in Dhaka city. Transport service performance should be assessed from the passengers’ perspectives to evaluate these perceptions in transportation planning. The exploration of service quality of bus is essential in order to provide a better service in future. The objective of this research is to access overall customer satisfaction in public bus transport of Dhaka city. A questionnaire survey was conducted in five locations in Dhaka city. Bus users’ satisfaction was analyzed by discrete choice logit model towards quality, reliability, safety and security and service provided by buses functioning in Dhaka city. The result indicated that more than half of the respondents believed that the present condition of bus service is not satisfactory. In case of the quality of buses, people think that the body and sitting arrangement of the buses are uncomfortable. Regarding the safety and security condition, main three reasons of dissatisfaction of passengers’ are unsafe driving practices, poor boarding and alighting facilities and lack of law enforcing agencies surveillance. Reasons which make the service unsatisfactory include irregular service provided by buses, regular overcrowding, lack of good standard buses and lack of cleanliness. In spite of these negative views, users’ possessed a positive attitude for buses which is the low travel cost.
Farmers’ Access to Agricultural Information Sources: Evidences from Rural Pakistan

The current study was conducted to probe farmers’ accessible agricultural information sources in rural areas of Pakistan. For this purpose a random sample of 160 households from four districts of the Punjab province of Pakistan was selected. Data were collected using validated and expert reviewed questionnaire with the help of interview method. The results revealed that majority of farmers (47.5%) ranked neighbor-friends-relatives as first source of information while 31.9% of farmers ranked this source as second and 33.7% farmers’ ranked it as third major source. With contrast to this very less farmers (10%) ranked agricultural extension staff as first information source. Keeping in view the study results, the performance of extension staff is not encouraging; therefore government should plan and launch a policy to foster performance of public agricultural extension system to fulfill the advanced technological needs of farmers to flourish sustainable agriculture and rural development.
Do Momentum-Based Strategies Still Work in Foreign Currency Markets?

Abstract This paper examines the performance of momentum trading strategies in foreign exchange markets. We find the well-documented profitability of momentum strategies during the 1970s and the 1980s has continued throughout the 1990s. Our approach and findings are insensitive to the specification of the trading rule and the base currency for analysis. Finally, we show that the performance is not due to a time-varying risk premium but rather depends on the underlying autocorrelation structure of the currency returns. In sum, the results lend further support to prior momentum studies on equities. The profitability to momentum-based strategies holds for currencies as well.
An Empirical Study on the Stock Price Volatility of Small and Medium Enterprise Board in China

This article utilizes structural change method to examine the fluctuation characteristics of stock prices of China’s small and medium enterprises. This study indicates that time series of Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises stock prices are not characterized by mean reversion. Therefore, the policy bailouts in the market including the rescue package of the government in June 2015 are ineffective because they are offset by other factors. The long-run growth of stock prices depends on the supply and demand situation in capital market as well as the growth of national economy but has no connection with the policy bailouts.
The impact of local and national economic conditions on legislative election results

Using data for 278 Portuguese mainland municipalities, we estimate the impact of national and local economic conditions on legislative electoral outcomes over the period from the reestablishment of democracy in 1974 to the present. Empirical results indicate that the performance of the national economy is important but that the municipal situation also conditions electoral outcomes.
Effects of air temperature on physiology and productive performance of pigs during growing and finishing phases

Thirty-six castrated male pigs were used to determine the influence of thermal environment and reduction of consumption on performance and carcass composition. Animals were housed in two climate chambers. In one, animals were in thermal comfort (TN) (22 °C), and in the other, pigs were under heat stress (HS) (34 °C). Animals were distributed in a randomized block design, making three treatments (TN, HS and animals in thermal comfort with food consumption paired with that observed in HS (PFTN)), with six replicates and two animals per experimental unit. Data were obtained on performance and carcass composition. The weight gains of HS and PFTN animals were reduced by 40.5% and 34.7%, respectively, reflecting a reduction of 13.2% in the final weight of PFTN animals. Triiodothyronine concentration was not affected by heat, but there was an increase in lymphocyte numbers in PFTN animals. The HS and PFTN animals showed lower hot carcass weight. However, there were no effects on hot carcass yield and relative weights of heart, lung and spleen. Heat stress compromised performance. The negative effects of high temperature on pigs include reduction in feed intake and changes in physiology. Keywords : Environment, heat stress, pair feed, pig growth, pig production
The quantile identifying effects of multivalued treatments

Multivalued treatment models have only been studied so far under restrictive assumptions: ordered choice, or more recently unordered monotonicity. We show how marginal treatment effects can be identified in a more general class of models. Our results rely on two main assumptions: treatment assignment must be a measurable function of threshold-crossing rules; and enough continuous instruments must be available. On the other hand, we do not require any kind of monotonicity condition. We illustrate our approach on several commonly used models; and we also discuss the identification power of discrete instruments. ∗Seoul National University. †Columbia University, bsalanie@columbia.edu. We are grateful to Stéphane Bonhomme, Rodrigo Pinto, Christoph Rothe, Azeem Shaikh, Alex Torgovitsky and especially Jim Heckman for their useful comments.
The Role of Individual Differences and Situational Factors in Perception of Verbal Irony

Abstract A study was conducted to analyze the influence of situational and individual factors on verbal irony perception. Participants (N = 144) rated smartness, criticality, humorousness, and offensiveness of ironic utterances and their literal equivalents. The utterances were put in various contexts, differing in terms of the structure of the interlocutors’ social ranks and the responsibility of the addressee for the described event. Additionally, participants’ state and trait of anxiety were measured using the Polish adaptation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Wrześniewski, Sosnowski, Jaworowska, & Fecenec, 2011) and their social competences were measured with the Social Competences Questionnaire (Matczak, 2007). Analyses showed that the structure of the interlocutors’ social ranks, the addressee’s responsibility, as well as the state and trait of anxiety can influence the perception of irony, although it does not always concern all of the variables rated herein. No link between social competences and irony perception was found.
Cultural Capital to Establish Spirit Nationalism Study of Values Local Dayak Communities Border Region in Sub Jagoi Babang, Bengkayang Regency,West Kalimantan Province

Jagoi Babang community, West Kalimantan, is the representation of the people living in the border areas with other countries, but has the advantages of social values and culture. Their local values, such as solidarity, deliberation, upholding the dignity and worth as a human being, and others simply become the cultural capital to build the spirit of nationalism. The aim of this study to determine the cultural capital that forms the spirit of nationalism in the village Jagoi Bajang. This research method is descriptive kualitatit on socio-cultural approach with emphasis on emic as perspective. The results showed Jagoi Babang society is a society of symbolic, that every aspect of life has become a cultural meaning and great potential to be seen and reviewed by the government before determining menentapkan development policies and programs. Babang Jagoi community has symbols of different cultural, social realities also are not similar. All the symbolism it into political capital in building and growing nationalism. Keywords: capital, culture, nationalism
OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR PIGEONS RESPOND TO PRODUCE PERIODS IN WHICH REWARDS ARE INDEPENDENT OF RESPONDING ' ALLEN

Pecks by pigeons on a response key produced an ON state during which intermittent rewards were freely available, i.e., independently of responding. Pecks during the ON state caused it to remain ON. If no pecks occurred, the state changed to OFF-the key color changed-and rewards were not presented. The state remained OFF until the next response. Thus, responses controlled the state in the chamber but did not cause immediate reinforcement. Four dimensions of the schedule were varied: the rates of responseindependent rewards during ON; the duration of ON produced by each peck; the pattern of rewards during ON; and the presence vs absence of exteroceptive cues during ON and OFF. The results showed that rates of responding were primarily controlled by the duration of ON produced by each response. When each response caused a long period of ON, pecks occurred infrequently; when each response caused a brief period of ON, pecks were frequent.
Stochastic Models for the Infectivity Function in an Infinite Population of Susceptible Individuals

Two stochastic models to study the course of the transient behaviour of the total infectivity present in an infinite population of susceptible individuals are developed. The conditional intensity function of the contagion comprises two components: one is due to the external sources only and the other is the contribution of each of the infected persons which is nonstationary in nature. The statistical characteristics of the number of infected individuals at any time are explicitly obtained. Estimation of the model parameters is also indicated.