Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning preferences among dental students using the VARK questionnaire: A comparison between different academic levels and gender.

OBJECTIVE To examine the learning style preferences of undergraduate dental students and determine the influence of gender on their selection. METHODS This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from September 2016 to January 2017.The Arabic version of visual, audio, read/write, and kinaesthetic questionnaire was administered to students from the first to the fifth academic year. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Of the 491 students, 368(75.1%) completed the questionnaire. Of them, 269(73.1%) were males and 99(26.9%) were females. Significant differences were found when learning styles were compared (p<0.05). No significant differences could be found when the models were assessed as in the unimodal, bimodal, trimodal or quadmodal methods (p>0.05). A significant difference was found between genders when learning styles were compared (p=0.05). Males preferred the unimodal style, while females preferred the bimodal and quadmodal styles almost equally (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Most dental undergraduate students preferred multi-modal learning.
Effects of cold water immersion on the recovery of physical performance and muscle damage following a one-off soccer match

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a single session of cold or thermoneutral water immersion after a one-off match on muscular dysfunction and damage in soccer players. Twenty-male soccer players completed one match and were randomly divided into cryotherapy (10 min cold water immersion, 10°C, n = 10) and thermoneutral (10 min thermoneutral water immersion, 35°C, n = 10) groups. Muscle damage (creatine kinase, myoglobin), inflammation (C-reactive protein), neuromuscular function (jump and sprint abilities and maximal isometric quadriceps strength), and delayed-onset muscle soreness were evaluated before, within 30 min of the end, and 24 and 48 h after the match. After the match, the players in both groups showed increased plasma creatine kinase activity (30 min, 24 h, 48 h), myoglobin (30 min) and C-reactive protein (30 min, 24 h) concentrations. Peak jump ability and maximal strength were decreased and delayed-onset muscle soreness increased in both groups. However, differential alterations were observed between thermoneutral water and cold water immersion groups in creatine kinase (30 min, 24 h, 48 h), myoglobin (30 min), C-reactive protein (30 min, 24 h, 48 h), quadriceps strength (24 h), and quadriceps (24 h), calf (24 h) and adductor (30 min) delayed-onset muscle soreness. The results suggest that cold water immersion immediately after a one-off soccer match reduces muscle damage and discomfort, possibly contributing to a faster recovery of neuromuscular function.
Using Formula Prices in the Absence of Publicly Reported Prices: An Application for Segregated Early Weaned Pigs

A formula for deriving the price of segregated early weaned pigs using corn, soybean meal, and market hog prices was estimated by equating return on investment for the different phases of production. USDA reported prices were compared with prices derived from this and several other common formulas. Based on several accuracy measures, the estimated formula was better at predicting spot-market prices than other formulas. Producers appear to form price expectations based on futures plus expected basis rather than simply futures or current cash prices. However, the method of choosing price expectations will depend on the risk attitudes of the buyer and seller and their business relationship. Developing pricing formulas based on the framework outlined here (equal returns on investment) has merit for establishing prices in the absence of publicly reported information. However, it is important that users of the formula understand the conceptual framework of how and why it was developed. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
Capacitated lot sizing with setup times

This research focuses on the effect of setup time on lot sizing. The setting is the Capacitated Lot Sizing Problem (the single-machine lot sizing problem) with nonstationary costs, demands, and setup times. A Lagrangian relaxation of the capacity constraints of CLSP allows it to be decomposed into a set of uncapacitated single product lot sizing problems. The Lagrangian dual costs are updated by subgradient optimization, and the single-item problems are solved by dynamic programming. A heuristic smoothing procedure constructs feasible solutions (production plans) which do not require overtime. The algorithm solves problems with setup time or setup cost. Problems with extremely tightly binding capacity constraints were much more difficult to solve than anticipated. Solutions without overtime could not always be found for them. The most significant results are that (1) the tightness of the capacity constraint is a good indicator of problem difficulty for problems with setup time; and (2) the algorithm solves larger problems better than smaller problems, although they are more time consuming to solve. This indicates that larger problems may be easier despite the greater computational effort they require.
Kinematic modeling and simulation of an economical SCARA manipulator by Pro-E and verification using MATLAB/Simulink

SCARA (Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm) manipulators are among the most extensively used manipulators in industry due to high precision and their inherent rigidity. This research demonstrates mechanical design process of an economical SCARA manipulator with unique and competing industrial specifications using Pro-E software. Inverse kinematic equations are also derived using algebraic and geometric method to control the manipulator movement. The design process includes the design of joints, links and controller as well as the selection of its electrical and mechanical components. The selection of the actuators and the dimensions of the whole mechanical structure are selected in such a way to direct its center of gravity towards base and also reduce the vibration and backlash in its mechanical structure. The main task was to use readily available components with an eye on keeping the costs down. Finally the performance of SCARA system is examined in Pro-E and verified manipulators movement with MATLAB/Simulink which exhibits the effectiveness of the proposed model.
The pattern of tissue damage in occupational trauma.

OBJECTIVE To study the pattern of tissue damage in occupational hand injuries. SETTING Trauma and Orthopaedic Unit of the General Hospital, Colombo. PATIENTS 190 patients with occupational hand injuries submitted to surgery by me were studied prospectively. The incidence of compound and simple fractures and dislocations, digital amputations, tendon injuries and skin loss were studied. The individual bones and tendons affected, the level of digital amputations and the involvement of individual fingers were recorded. RESULTS Compound fractures accounted for 42.1% of injuries and in 56.4% the distal phalanx was involved. Finger tendons were affected in 66.6%. The highest incidence of compound fractures (30.6%), amputations (41.1%) and skin and subcutaneous tissue loss (28.5%) was seen in the index finger. CONCLUSIONS 1. Compound fractures and digital amputations were the main injuries. 2. Distal phalanx is more frequently affected in compound fractures. 3. Among the amputations loss of finger tip is the commonest. 4. Flexor tendons were more injured than the extensor tendons. 5. Index finger is the most frequently injured digit.
Light-dependent development of two competitive species (Rubus idaeus, Cytisus scoparius) colonizing gaps in temperate forest

Forest regeneration can be inhibited by competition for environmental resources (water, nutrients, light) between tree seedlings and some competitive species that are generally light-demanding species developing in gaps. The study’s aim was to quantify the development of two competitive species (Rubus idaeus and Cytisus scoparius) present in the chaîne des Puys, France, relatively to light in gaps inside Picea abies stands. On 29 transects linking the stand to the gap centre (223 points), light intensity was measured (0–80% of relative light) and floristic measurements (cover and height of the different species) were done. Development of both competitive species is positively connected to light, with a bell-shaped curve with a maximum of 40–50% for R. idaeus and a quite constant increase to 80% (maximum of light recorded in the experimentation) for C. scoparius. These results are discussed relatively to understorey vegetation management in order to favour forest regeneration. RésuméEn forêt, la compétition pour la captation des ressources (eau, nutriments, lumière) entre certaines plantes très colonisatrices et les jeunes arbres peut mettre en péril la régénération forestière. Ces espèces sont généralement héliophiles et se développent donc dans les trouées, environnements également favorables aux semis. Le but de l’étude était de quantifier le développement de deux espèces colonisatrices (Rubus idaeus et Cytisus scoparius) de la chaîne des Puys (France) en fonction de l’intensité lumineuse dans des trouées situées en forêt d’épicéas. Des mesures de lumière ont été réalisées sur 29 transects reliant l’intérieur du peuplement au centre d’une trouée (223 points au total, 0–80 % d’éclairement relatif) en parallèle à des mesures floristiques (taux de recouvrement et hauteur des différentes espèces). Les deux espèces répondent à la lumière, selon une courbe en cloche avec un maximum à 40–50 % pour R. idaeus et une augmentation quasi linéaire jusqu’à 80 % (maximum mesuré dans l’expérimentation) pour C. scoparius. Ces résultats sont discutés en terme de gestion de la végétation forestière pour favoriser la régénération.
Media games and shifting of spaces for political communication in Zimbabwe

Elaborate media games have been played to restrain growing political opposition and to maintain ZANU PF supremacy in Zimbabwe. From the dark days of Rhodesia, regime control of public communication remains one of the most enduring sources of ruling party dominance in the country. This history of government containment of a critical media laid the foundation for postindependence control of freedom of expression, something that has proved an effective instrument for blocking envisaged transition to an alternative democracy today. Since 2000 new restrictive laws have shut down four titles and 80 media workers have been arrested or detained for various transgressions. Is the government’s recent strengthening of egregious media laws a defence of communicative sovereignty as it claims, or it is a manifest reversal into authoritarian rule as detractors claim?
The Significance and Insignificance of Demand Analysis in Evaluating Promotion Programs

The estimated effects of promotion on demand are often small and insignificant. Yet, the estimated effects of promotion on industry profit are often positive and large. This puzzle is explained by demonstrating that (in)significance of promotion in a demand equation does not imply, and is not implied by, (in)significance of promotion in an industry profit equation. A Monte Carlo example is provided. The econometric modeling implications are discussed. The short-run marginal effect of a dollar of generic beef promotion on slaughter cattle industry profit is estimated to be about $9.84 with a standard error of 3.77 for 1997.
Limits of pricing policy in curtailing household water consumption under scarcity conditions

A key policy question in designing urban water policy and institutional reforms is: what should be the appropriate structure of water charges to ensure long-term sustainability of water service? This is because water pricing touches on equity and on the willingness of the consumer to pay, but more on its affordability. This study focuses on understanding the nature of household demand for water, and attempts to express the household demand functions. A panel of data of 10,564 complete observations on water bills, drawn from a household expenditure survey conducted in 2003, is used to estimate domestic water demand function. Price and other dummy variables were used in the analysis and the results discussed. Specifically, the household water demand and the per capita demand are analysed, taking into consideration such variables as marginal price, rate structure premium and level of household income. The results show that the estimated water demand is inelastic and so is the income elasticity. The effect of the findings on water policy making in regard to pricing is cited. Limitations of price effectiveness as a tool to curtail water consumption are highlighted.
The role of patient activation in psychiatric visits.

OBJECTIVE This study identified ways that consumers of mental health services are active participants in psychiatric treatment. METHODS Four providers (three psychiatrists and one nurse practitioner) were recruited, and ten consumers with severe mental illness were recruited per provider (40 total). Consumers completed questionnaires on patient activation, illness self-management, and medication attitudes on the day of a psychiatric visit. The visit was audiotaped, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. Providers gave information on diagnosis, substance use disorder, and medication adherence. RESULTS Consumer-rated patient activation was positively related to illness self-management and negatively related to substance use disorder. Transcripts of the psychiatric visit showed that consumers were active in partnership building, seeking and displaying competence, and directing treatment; however, the relationship was weak between consumer-reported activation and observed activation behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Consumers were found to be active participants in treatment in a variety of ways, but similar to other populations, the relationship between observed patient activation and consumer-reported desire for involvement was not direct.
Value of Analyst Recommendations: International Evidence

We evaluate the value of analysts’ recommendations in the G7 countries. Stock prices react significantly to recommendation revisions in all countries except Italy. We find the largest price reactions around recommendation revisions and the largest post-revision price drift in the US. Neither differences in the timing of recommendation revisions relative to earnings announcements nor differences in industry coverage explain the superior performance of the US analysts’ recommendations. Tests within a subsample of ADRs indicate that the most likely explanation for the superior performance is that the US analysts are more skilled at identifying mispriced stocks than their foreign counterparts.
Likely Autochthonous Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi to Humans, South Central Texas, USA

Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a major neglected tropical disease affecting the Americas. The epidemiology of this disease in the United States is incomplete. We report evidence of likely autochthonous vectorborne transmission of T. cruzi and health outcomes in T. cruzi–seropositive blood donors in south central Texas, USA.
An Efficient Convolutional Network for Human Pose Estimation

In recent years, human pose estimation has greatly benefited from deep learning and huge gains in performance have been achieved. However, to push for maximum performance recent approaches exploit computationally expensive deep network architectures, train on multiple datasets, apply additional post-processing and provide limited details about used design choices. This makes it hard not only to compare different methods and but also to reproduce existing results . In this work, we propose an efficient deep network architecture that is trained efficiently with a transparent procedure and exploits the best available ingredients from deep learning with low computational budget. The network is trained only on the same dataset without pre-training and achieves impressive performance on popular benchmarks in human pose estimation.
Implementation of Article 41 of the 8th EU Directive in the EU member states - impact on internal governance mechanisms

In reaction to accounting scandals, national and international standard-setters have introduced and enforced additional corporate governance mechanisms in recent years. These regulatory changes have had an especially large effect on external governance mechanisms like disclosure requirements, the accountability of management and board members and statutory audits. For the first time, in Article 41 of the 8th EU Directive, European legislation addressed the relationship between audit committees (which are now mandatory for public-interest entities) and other internal governance mechanisms such as internal controls, the internal audit function, and the risk management system. This study investigates the current level of implementation of the items addressed in the 8th EU Directive within the EU member states. Implementation varies considerably from one jurisdiction to another, and there is no consensus regarding the internal audit function and other internal governance mechanisms within Europe.
21 Tesla FT-ICR Mass Spectrometer for Ultrahigh-Resolution Analysis of Complex Organic Mixtures.

We describe complex organic mixture analysis by 21 tesla (T) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Ultrahigh mass-resolving power (m/Δm50% > 2 700 000 at m/z 400) and mass accuracy (80 ppb rms) enable resolution and confident identification of tens of thousands of unique elemental compositions. We demonstrate 2.2-fold higher mass-resolving power, 2.6-fold better mass measurement accuracy, and 1.3-fold more assigned molecular formulas compared to our custom-built, state-of-the-art 9.4 T FT-ICR mass spectrometer for petroleum and dissolved organic matter (DOM) analyses. Analysis of a heavy petroleum distillate exemplifies the need for ultrahigh-performance mass spectrometry (49 040 assigned molecular formulas for 21 T versus 29 012 for 9.4 T) and extends the identification of previously unresolved Oo, SsOo, and NOo classes. Mass selective ion accumulation (20 Thompson isolation) of an asphalt volcano sample yields 462 resolved mass spectral peaks at m/z 677 and reveals previously unresolved CcHhNnOoSs mass differences at high mass (m/z > 600). Similar performance gains are realized in the analysis of dissolved organic matter, where doubly charged Oo species are resolved from singly charged SOo species, which requires a mass-resolving power greater than 1 400 000 (at m/z 600). This direct comparison reveals the continued need for higher mass-resolving power and better mass accuracy for comprehensive molecular characterization of the most complex organic mixtures.
Corporate Governance and Company Survival

The main purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the empirical methodologies utilized in bankruptcy prediction and the potential predictors of firm surviving. The paper has reviewed and briefly discussed previous literature examining firm survival or failure in various countries e.g. Australia, China, Germany, Taiwan, U.S.A. and Thailand using various research methodologies such as logistic regression, multivariate discriminant analysis, neural network, survival analysis and etc . These studies have been conducted both within the qualitative and quantitative framework. It can be seen that previous studies have been using various empirical methodologies in exploring the issue regarding company survival. Future research could improve upon this current research in various aspects. Some doubts may cast on the appropriateness of model specification and the omission of important variables in previous studies. Thus, more future research incorporated other feasible variables is needed for model validation. The examples of those possible variables are the qualitative variables e.g. ownership structure data, specifically, gender, education and attitudes. Keywords : Company Survival; Corporate Governance
Performance evaluation of cellular manufacturing systems: a taxonomy and review of research

The performance of cellular manufacturing (CM) systems has been rigorously investigated during the last two decades. The findings from these studies need to be systematically tabulated, given that they span a wide range of systems and experimental conditions. Some of the findings have also not been in agreement with the prescriptive literature on group technology (GT). No such survey of research exists to date. Attempts to fill the void by providing a taxonomy that categorizes these studies into simulation‐based, analytical and empirical studies. Also discusses past work in the context of various experimental factors and conditions, such as system configurations assumed, setup and operation times, scheduling rules, lot sizes and performance measures used. Summarizes major findings from each stream of literature from the point of view of both researchers and practitioners.
Technical Change, Efficiency, Firm Size and Age in an RD Intensive Sector

The relationship between firm size and age relative to technical change and efficiency is examined in a highly innovative and dynamic sector, the Finnish ICT equipment manufacturing industry. A stochastic frontier model is applied to an unbalanced firm level panel over the period 1990â€“2003. The sample is representative of almost half of corporate R&D in Finland. The Method of Moments and Battese-Coelli efficiency measures are obtained to compare permanent and time-varying efficiency levels. Results show firm age to be relatively insignificant. New firms do not dominate technical change. In contrast, firm size makes a substantial contribution to productivity growth, technical change and efficiency. High elasticity of factor inputs result in, on average, highly increasing returns to scale. These factors point towards growing concentration and capital-intensity, which can be expected to further widen the productivity gap between small and large firms. To survive, smaller firms may need to combine frontier technology adoption with expanding scale, e.g., by mergers, to improve both technical and scale efficiency.
Identification and quantitation of HIV‐1 in the liver of patients with AIDS

ObjectiveTo detect and quantify HIV-1 in the liver in vivo.Design: Fourteen liver biopsy samples and corresponding blood lymphocytes and monocytes from patients with AIDS were studied for HIV-1 using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, expression of HIV-1 antigen and messenger (m) RNA in 10 autopsy liver specimens was examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization ResultsThe amount of HIV-1 DNA in nine liver samples ranged from 850 to 27000 copies per 106 cells, with mean and median values of 8150 and 3500 copies per 106 cells, respectively. Five other samples had no detectable HIV-1 DNA by PCR. Intracellular expression of HIV-1 antigen and mRNA was also detected in both Kupffer cells and hepatocytes by in situ studies. ConclusionThese findings strongly indicate that HIV-1 could replicate in the liver of a majority of patients with AIDS.