Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Limnological features after a flushing event in Paranoá Reservoir , central Brazil

Aim: Paranoá Reservoir was subjected to an intense eutrophication during at least three decades (1968 to 1998) due to higher human occupation of the catchment area and nutrients inflow derived to inadequate sewage treatment. The occurrence of large blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa, extended areas of aquatic macrophytes (Eichhornia crassipes), and frequent fish kills were observed during this period. Nutrient loading in Paranoá Reservoir has been reduced since 1993, but a water quality improvement was identified only after a major flushing occurred at the end of 1998. Methods: In order to evaluate limnological features of the reservoir after flushing, this study was developed during a year (2005), with monthly and weekly samplings in pelagic zone of an early eutrophicated region of the reservoir (Riacho Fundo arm). Results: During this study, this arm had higher water transparency (0.6 m until 1998 to 1.9 m), due to lower values of suspended material (2.5-7.3 mg.L–1) and lower content of chlorophyll-a (mean 35 μg.L–1 until 1998 to 17.4 μg.L–1), and well oxygenate (above 70%) and pH neutral. Nevertheless, some limnological features have indicated higher trophic state, as water electric conductivity (above 90 μS.cm–1) and high content of inorganic nutrients, as ammonium (above 1,000 μg.L–1), nitrate (145-405 μg.L–1) and total nitrogen (above 1,600 μg.L–1). The seasonal course of limnological variables tended to exhibit a temporal pattern associated to precipitation regime and related to wind and precipitation effects as well as dam operation. Conclusion: A major flushing event of Lake Paranoá (sudden release of water on November/98) was an abrupt intervention on water quality. This intervention may have being a permanent impact to reach a new level of equilibrium, since has an effective control mechanism feedback (between nutrients and phytoplankton biomass) to avoid the course of eutrophication. A further efficient lake management is necessary to maintain a lower trophic degree and adequate water quality.
Review : Ioffe ’ s Algorithm and Fast Unweighted Minwise Hashing Algorithm

Weighted minwise hashing (WMH) is one of the fundamental subroutine, required by many celebrated approximation algorithms, commonly adopted in industrial practice for large scale-search and learning. The resource bottleneck of the algorithms is the computation of multiple (typically a few hundreds to thousands) independent hashes of the data. The fastest hashing algorithm is by Ioffe (Ioffe, 2010), which requires one pass over the entire data vector, O(d) (d is the number of non-zeros), for computing one hash. However, the requirement of multiple hashes demands hundreds or thousands passes over the data. This is very costly for modern massive dataset. In this work, we break this expensive barrier and show an expected constant amortized time algorithm which computes k independent and unbiased WMH in time O(k) instead of O(dk) required by Ioffe’s method. Moreover, our proposal only needs a few bits (5 9 bits) of storage per hash value compared to around 64 bits required by the stateof-art-methodologies. Experimental evaluations, on real datasets, show that for computing 500 WMH, our proposal can be 60000x faster than the Ioffe’s method without losing any accuracy. Our method is also around 100x faster than approximate heuristics capitalizing on the efficient “densified” one permutation hashing schemes (Shrivastava & Li, 2014a). Given the simplicity of our approach and its significant advantages, we hope that it will replace existing implementations in practice.
The effect of response format and presentation conditions on comprehension assessments for students with and without a reading disability

Previous studies (Collins, 2015; Kennan & Meenan, 2014) have shown how variations in text and task factors and individual reader skills affect performance on reading comprehension assessments. The present study examined whether different presentation conditions (silent reading, watching a video) and response formats (open-ended vs. multiple-choice questions) influenced comprehension performance for students with and without reading disabilities. In addition, measures of word-level reading, vocabulary, working memory, listening comprehension, and prior knowledge were also assessed to determine the best predictors of performance on comprehension assessments. Participants were 32 fifth grade students, 17 with reading disabilities (RD) and 15 typically developing (TD) students. All students were initially administered measures of word-level reading, vocabulary, listening comprehension, working memory, and decoding. Students were then administered four passages. Two of the passages were read silently and two were presented with videos. For each condition (text and video), comprehension was assessed with open-ended and multiple-choice questions. All assessments were administered individually to each student across two 60-minute testing sessions. All students were found to perform significantly better on the multiple-choice questions than the open-ended questions. As expected, the TD group had significantly higher comprehension scores on all measures. Presentation condition did not significantly affect performance for either group. Listening comprehension, working memory, and prior knowledge contributed unique variance to performance on the different response formats. For the open-ended questions, 67% of the variance was explained by the measures of listening comprehension and prior knowledge. In contrast, only 38% of the variance was explained by working memory for the multiple-choice questions. Even though students performed better on the multiple-choice questions, the regression analyses indicated that the open-ended questions were better reflections of basic language abilities and prior knowledge. Open-ended questions appear to provide a better measure of reader and text factors than multiple-choice questions which are more influenced by task factors. Future studies should continue to examine how reader, text and task factors influence comprehension performance.
Prevalence and virulence gene profiles of Proteus mirabilis isolated from animal, human and water samples in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India

In the present study, a total of 507 samples comprising food of animal origin (215), faecal swab samples (188), human urine samples (65), human diarrhoeic stool samples (12) as well as water samples (27) were examined. Overall prevalence of P. mirabilis was found to be 34.51% (175/507) by species-specific PCR. Among foods of animal origin, the highest rate of P. mirabilis isolates were recovered from chicken samples (38.7%), followed by pork (37.5%) and mutton samples (28.9%). Among faecal swabs, the highest rate of P. mirabilis isolates were from poultry (49%), followed by pigs (37.8%). Human urine samples showed a prevalence rate of 10.7%. Water samples showed 7.4% prevalence. All the human diarrhoeic stool samples were negative for P. mirabilis. Some of the virulence factors genes were investigated using polymerase chain reaction technique. The genes ureC (80.5%), ureA (72.5%), flaA (28.5%), hpmA (60.5%) and zapA (50.28%) were detected in P. mirabilis isolates.
The Analysis of the Effect of Petroleum Profit Tax on Nigerian Economy

The study empirically examines the effect of petroleum profit tax (PPT) on Nigeria economy, in line with the objectives of this study, secondary data were obtained from central bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin covering the period of 1970 to 2010. In concluding the analysis, multiple regressions were employed to analyze data on such variables Gross Domestic Product (GDP), petroleum profit tax, inflation, and exchange rate were all found to have significant effects on the Economics Growth with the Adjusted R 2 of 86.3%. Following the outcome of this study, it is therefore concluded that the abundance of petroleum and its associated income has been beneficial to the Nigerian economy for the period 1970 to 2010. Income from a nation’s natural resource has a positive influence on economic growth and development. It is recommended that Government should transparently and judiciously account for the revenue it generates through PPT by investing in the provision of infrastructure and public goods and services. It is expected that the more effectively and efficiently revenue is utilized by Government to create growth, employment opportunities and wealth in the economy, the more willing taxpayers would be to meet their obligations to the Government and discharge their duties in the overriding goal of achieving National Development.
1432 Context Representation Context Self-Attention Attentive Context Word Processor Fully Connected ELMo Word LSTM Entity Representation Hidden States Entity LSTM Hidden States Sentence LSTM Word Processor Char level Character Embedding Character LSTM Word level Word Emb Word Representation Postag E

This paper presents a novel framework, MGNER, for Multi-Grained Named Entity Recognition where multiple entities or entity mentions in a sentence could be nonoverlapping or totally nested. Different from traditional approaches regarding NER as a sequential labeling task and annotate entities consecutively, MGNER detects and recognizes entities on multiple granularities: it is able to recognize named entities without explicitly assuming non-overlapping or totally nested structures. MGNER consists of a Detector that examines all possible word segments and a Classifier that categorizes entities. In addition, contextual information and a self-attention mechanism are utilized throughout the framework to improve the NER performance. Experimental results show that MGNER outperforms current state-of-the-art baselines up to 4.4% in terms of the F1 score among nested/non-overlapping NER tasks.
Leveraging Kernel Tables with XDP

XDP is a framework for running BPF programs in the NIC driver to allow decisions about the fate of a received packet at the earliest point in the Linux networking stack. For the most part the BPF programs rely on maps to drive packet decisions, maps that are managed, for example, by a user space agent. While high performant, this architecture has implications on how a solution is coded, configured, monitored and debugged. An alternative approach is to make the existing kernel networking tables and implementations accessible by BPF programs. This approach allows the use of standard Linux APIs and tools to manage networking configuration and state while still achieving the higher performance provided by XDP. Allowing XDP programs to access kernel tables enables consistency in automation and monitoring across a data center – software forwarding , hardware offload and XDP “offload”. An example of providing access to kernel tables is the recently added helper to allow IPv4 and IPv6 FIB and nexthop lookups in XDP programs. Routing suites such as FRR manage the FIB tables in response to configuration or link state changes, and the XDP packet path benefits by automatically adapting to the FIB updates in real time. While a huge first step, a FIB lookup alone is not sufficient for many networking deployments. This paper discusses the advantages of making kernel tables available to XDP programs to create a programmable packet pipeline.
Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Yield Attributing Character and Economics of Maize in Maize-Wheat Cropping System

Maize (Zea mays L.) having high yield potential and multi-faceted use referred as the queen of cereals which is fertilizer responsive and exhibit full potential when supplied with adequate quantities of nutrients at proper time. Among the various production factors, fertilizer management is a key factor for increasing the yield of crop. The nitrogen requirement of crop is more than any other nutrients and its deficiency at any stage of growth, especially tasseling and silking stage may leads to virtual crop failure. While, continuous application of only nitrogen drastically reduces the grain yield over years. This is due to gradual increase in exchangeable acidity, deficiency of basic cations and imbalance among the nutrients [1]. Soils of Jharkhand are acidic (Alfisol) in reaction, low in availability of nitrogen and phosphorus, medium to high in potassium and poor in water retention capacities. Alfisols are abundant in Fe, Al and Mn which creates nutrient imbalance in the soil resulting in the deficiency of certain plant nutrients. The average yield of cereals particularly maize in these acidic soils reveal low productivity, so there is need of sustainable production through the resource management and to maintain the soil fertility through judicious application of fertilizer. Another problem compounded the common use of imbalance fertilizers, often only one nutrient namely nitrogen, resulting in widening of N, P, K ratio [2]. The imbalance use of fertilizer is a threat to crop productivity, soil fertility and sustainability of agriculture [3].
Effect of priming technique and single intubating dose technique on rapid sequence intubation with rocuronium using train of four monitoring

Aim: Rocuronium bromide has fastest onset time among non- depolarizing muscle relaxants; hence a safe alternative for RSI when the priming principle is used. The primary aim of this study was to compare the intubating conditions with priming technique and single intubating dose technique with rocuronium and to assess the onset time of rocuronium using Train of Four (TOF) monitoring. Materials and Methods: We conducted a randomized, prospective study in 60 patients of ASA I and II in age group of 20-50 years posted for surgeries under general anesthesia and divided into two groups of 30 each. In Group I priming was done with 1 ml of normal saline and Intubating dose of rocuronium 0.6mg/kg was given. In group II priming was done with 1/10th i.e 0.06 mg/kg (1ml) of the total intubating dose followed by remaining dose of 0.54 mg/kg. In both the groups intubating doses of rocuronium were diluted to 10 ml of normal saline. TOF stimuli was used to assess the time of onset of intubation and Cooper scoring system was used to compare the intubating conditions. Results: Patients intubated in the priming group showed a faster onset time (61. 97 sec) than single intubating dose group (114.57) with successful intubation in both the groups. Excellent intubating conditions were seen in 97% patients and good intubating conditions in 3% patients of both the groups. Conclusion: Both priming technique and single intubating dose technique produces excellent intubating condition in majority (97%) of the patients with priming technique showing rapid onset time compared to single intubating dose technique. Keywords: Rocuronium, Priming, Time of intubation, Intubating condition.
The jaguar in the Atlantic Forest

Jaguars Panthera onca are Critically Endangered (A4 b c d; C2 a i) in the Atlantic Forest because a population reduction of 50-90% was estimated in the past 10-15 years in the largest subpopulations of jaguars at the Upper Paraná and is suspected at the Coastal Atlantic Forest. The causes of reduction have not ceased since there is a continuous decrease in the Extent of Occurrence EOO, Area of Occupancy AOO and habitat quality, plus retaliatory and sport killing. The total number of mature individuals is less than 250 and the number of mature individuals is less than 50 in almost all subpopulations. The most serious threats to jaguars in the Atlantic Forest are habitat loss and degradation, loss of prey base and jaguar hunting. Legal protection has been ineffective in stopping Atlantic Forest deforestation and most protected areas have human settlements, causing direct habitat loss, habitat degradation and loss of prey base; other forms of habitat degradation are caused by illegal palm Euterpe edulis harvesters and poachers, as well as through natural and criminal fires that occur throughout the Atlantic Forest. Conservation measures most needed are the legal and effective protection of all the remaining large fragments of the Atlantic Forest through new restrictive Conservation Units, restoration of connectivity between the extant protected areas with known jaguar populations, effective protection of the extant Conservation Units in the form of intensive patrolling and an increase in ecological and genetic research to allow population management, which may be a necessity in some areas.
Oil rents and economic growth in oil-abundant MENA countries: Governance is the trump card to escape the resource trap

The present paper aims, on the one hand, to test the impact of oil rents on economic growth and examine the main symptoms of the resource curse phenomenon in oil-abundant MENA countries, and on the other hand, to investigate the role of governance in avoiding the resource curse and turning oil rents into a tool for economic diversification in 11 MENA oil exporters (Algeria, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen) over the period 1996-2014, by using pooled OLS, fixed effects, random effects and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators. The main findings indicate that MENA oil exporters’ growth is greatly and positively influenced by oil rents. Likewise, these economies have been diagnosed with resource curse. The results also show that governance is a key ingredient in the diversification recipe, while, oil rents frustrate economic diversification by encouraging rent-seeking activities. The multiplicative interaction term between governance index and oil rents indicates that the combined effect of these two variables is effective in promoting diversification. In a nutshell, the enhancement of MENA oil-exporters’ good governance capabilities is the way out of the resource curse because it can turn oil wealth into a boon and offer these oil-abundant countries more opportunities for economic diversification and thereby can enable them to generate robust and sustainable economic growth.
Selection of two triticale varieties for forage-end use in Tunisia

Two new released triticale varieties (one spring type Tcl821 and one winter type, G41) were evaluated for their dry matter yield and nutritive value at three harvesting stages (first node detectable, Z31, late boot, Z50 and soft dough stag, Z85). Both genotypes confirmed their high dry matter yield potential at all stages. The winter triticale was more productive than the spring genotype at all growing stages. G41 presented a prostrate growth habit from emergence to first node detectable stage (Z31) and took much more time to reach that stage. Among the two cultivars, it was the best to be used by grazing or in dual-purpose system at early vegetative growth. At late boot stage (Z50), the winter type produced 9 T DM ha-1 of a high quality forage (CP = 15%; ADL = 3.8%, dOM = 60%). The spring triticale Tcl821 produced an equivalent forage quality but with half the yield potential (5 T DM ha-1). At soft dough stage, the spring triticale Tcl821 was as much productive as the winter genotype G41, but it produced a forage with much higher quality as expressed in terms of CP, ME and fibers. The agronomical meanings of the three key harvesting stages were discussed.
Networks-on-chip: modeling, system-level abstraction, and application-specific architecture customization.

This dissertation proposes different methodologies, with their associated models, to customize the architectural design of Application-Specific Networks-on-Chip (ASNoC). Specifically, system-level evaluation models are presented and architecture generation methodologies are built on them to allow the designer to generate the most efficient architecture for a given NoC-based application. Our system-level methodologies enable the designer to discover any flaws early during the design process and to quickly investigate the effect of various design choices on the resultant NoC cost and performance. In this dissertation, we have four main contributions. In our first contribution, we propose power and reliability evaluation models. The two models are proposed at the system-level to allow for a quick evaluation of
Comparative Physiology and Growth of Two Perennial Tussock Grass Species in a Semi-Arid Environment

The physiology and growth of Lygeum spartum and Stipa tenacissima, two perennial tussock grasses which dominate wide areas of semi-arid south-eastern Spain, were compared at times of high and low availability of water, in autumn and summer respectively, to study the adaptation of this growth form to arid environments. The two species diered in morphological and physiological traits. Stipa tussocks were larger and had opportunistic growth, and Stipa leaves had a smaller specific area and lower diusive conductance to water vapour. The two grasses were similar in maximum photosynthetic rate, leaf nitrogen concentration, and in the response to high light conditions but had dierent tissue water relations. Stipa was better suited to cope with drought and erratic rainfall, because of its more eective control of water loss and its growth patterns. Lygeum seems to be adapted to less dry conditions and more saline soils. The tussock growth form provides an adaptive advantage in these infertile environments by reducing radiation absorbance. # 1996 Annals of Botany Company
Non-linearity in timing the equity market and debt-equity choice of UK firms.

We empirically test the market timing theory of capital structure of issuing behavior of UK firms and find that the debt-equity choice decision is non-linear. In line with the previous literature, we find that managers are more likely to issue equity (debt) when equities are overvalued (undervalued). In further analyzing the issuing pattern, we find that managers' inclination towards equity issues during periods of overvaluation is non- linear as it is only significant during periods of slight overvaluation and insignificant during periods of excessive overvaluation. On the other hand, probabilities of issuing debt significantly increase only when equities are excessively undervalued. Our findings suggest that managers' take into account other considerations when timing the equity market and poses some interesting questions on the viability of market