Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abandon the Dead Donor Rule or Change the Definition of Death?

Research by Siminoff and colleagues reveals that many lay people in Ohio classify legally living persons in irreversible coma or persistent vegetative state (PVS) as dead and that additional respondents, although classifying such patients as living, would be willing to procure organs from them. This paper analyzes possible implications of these findings for public policy. A majority would procure organs from those in irreversible coma or in PVS. Two strategies for legitimizing such procurement are suggested. One strategy would be to make exceptions to the dead donor rule permitting procurement from those in PVS or at least those who are in irreversible coma while continuing to classify them as living. Another strategy would be to further amend the definition of death to classify one or both groups as deceased, thus permitting procurement without violation of the dead donor rule. Permitting exceptions to the dead donor rule would require substantial changes in law—such as authorizing procuring surgeons to end the lives of patients by means of organ procurement—and would weaken societal prohibitions on killing. The paper suggests that it would be easier and less controversial to further amend the definition of death to classify those in irreversible coma and PVS as dead. Incorporation of a conscience clause to permit those whose religious or philosophical convictions support whole-brain or cardiac-based death pronouncement would avoid violating their beliefs while causing no more than minimal social problems. The paper questions whether those who would support an exception to the dead donor rule in these cases and those would support a further amendment to the definition of death could reach agreement to adopt a public policy permitting organ procurement of those in irreversible coma or PVS when proper consent is obtained.
PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK(STUDI ATAS PEMIKIRAN HAMKA DALAM TAFSIR AL-AZHAR DAN BISRI MUSTOFA DALAM TAFSIR AL-IBRIZ)

Firman Sidik (1320411167). Pendidikan Akhlak (Studi atas Pemikiran Hamka dalam Tafsir al-Azhar dan Bisri Mustofa dalam Tafsir al-Ibriz). Tesis. Konsentrasi Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam, Program Studi Pendidikan Islam, Program Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2016. Pendidikan akhlak merupakan suatu proses yang dapat menumbuh kembangkan sikap manusia agar menjadi lebih sempurna, sehingga berdampak positif bagi kehidupan. Dengan demikian, pendidikan akhlak sangat dibutuhkan, mengingat realitas sekitar yang berada di tengah-tengah arus modernisasi dan westerrnisasi, semakin menunjukan kemerosotan akhlak. baik yang dilakukan oleh kaum awam, maupun para kaum intelektual. terlebih yang menjadi fokus kajian dalam penelitian ini yaitu yang berkategori remaja. pendidikan akhlak dalam penelitian ini di konstruk dari pemikiran Hamka dalam Tafsir al-Azhar dan Bisri Mustofa dalam Tafsir al-Ibriz. Berdasarkan kajiannya, penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research), yang data-datanya diperoleh dari studi pustaka. Adapun proses pengumpulan data, penulis menggunakan pendekatan tematik, yaitu berusaha menemukan ayat-ayat al-Qur’an yang mengandung tema tertentu, yang dalam penelitian ini adalah pendidikan akhlak, kemudian mengambil sebuah kesimpulan. Sedangkan teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis isi (content analysis), dengan menggunakan metode deduktif, induktif, komparatif, dan kesinambungan historis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Nilai-nilai akhlak yang terkandung dalam Tafsir al-Azhar dan Tafsir al-Ibriz penulis membagi menjadi lima tema umum, yakni pertama, akhlak terhadap Allah Swt, yang meliputi nilai tauhid, nilai larangan berbuat syirik, dan nilai tawakal. Kedua, Akhlak terhadap kedua orangtua, yang meliputi, nilai berbakti kepada kedua orangtua, nilai menghormati kedua orangtua, dan nilai mentaati perintah kedua orangtua. Ketiga, akhlak terhadap diri sendiri, yang meliputi, nilai syukur, nilai sabar, nilai menuntut ilmu, dan nilai menjaga kesucian. Keempat, akhlak terhadap sesama, yang meliputi, nilai larangan berbuat sombong, nilai berbuat baik, dan nilai saling menghormati. Kelima, akhlak terhadap lingkungan, yang meliputi nilai larangan merusak lingkungan, dan nilai melestarikan lingkungan. Dalam kaitan itu, agar kelima aspek nilai tersebut dapat diinternalisasikan, serta berkontribusi positif terhadap pembinaan akhlak remaja, maka dalam praktiknya dapat menggunakan strategi moral knowing, strategi moral loving/moral feeling, dan strategi moral doing/moral action. Sehingga, setiap remaja dapat memiliki akhlak yang mulia terhadap Allah Swt, akhlak mulia terhadap kedua orangtua, akhlak mulia terhadap diri sendiri, akhlak mulia terhadap sesama, dan akhlak mulia terhadap lingkungan.
Vertical distribution of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus larvae in the southern part of the East China Sea

The vertical distribution of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus larvae was described based on discrete depth sampling using a MTD net system from the surface down to 100 m depth at 13 stations in the southern East China Sea between 27 February and 10 March 2002. Of the 20 782 fish larvae collected, T. japonicus larvae were most abundant, accounting for 37.0% of the total catch. The average abundance of the larvae was 419.0 individuals/10 m2, with the average (±standard deviation [SD]) body length of 2.6±0.3 mm (range 1.8–7.5 mm). The larvae were concentrated in the mixed layer, with peak densities in the 10–30 m layer. The average (±SD) weighted mean depth was 21.5±7.8 m. There was no evidence of either diel or ontogenetic vertical migration for the early larvae of <5 mm. More than 90% of the T. japonicus larvae were collected in the water temperature ranging from 21 to 23°C. Vertical profiles of the larval densities and chlorophyll a coincided with each other, which might reflect the abundance of their main prey organisms, copepod nauplii and copepodites, since copepod production is known to be closely related with the chlorophyll a concentration.
Transferrin receptor and its recycling in HeLa cells.

The transferrin receptor is a 180 000‐dalton protein which can be dissociated to two 90 000‐dalton polypeptides under reducing conditions. It can be labelled by lactoperoxidase‐catalysed iodination on the cell surface at 0 degree C. Trypsin digestion of labelled cells at 0 degree C can be used to degrade those receptors on the cell surface; they release a 70 000‐dalton soluble fragment which binds to transferrin. When cells are labelled at 0 degree C, then warmed to 37 degrees C, the labelled receptors enter the cells and become trypsin resistant. These receptors enter the cells, probably via coated pits, with a half‐life of approximately 5 min. Since there is about three times as much receptor inside cells as on the surface, this means that transit through the cell to the cell surface takes approximately 21 min, if all receptors are on the same cycling pathway.
Targeting selectins and selectin ligands in inflammation and cancer

Inflammation and cancer metastasis are associated with extravasation of leukocytes or tumor cells from blood into tissue. Such movement is believed to follow a coordinated and sequential molecular cascade initiated, in part, by the three members of the selectin family of carbohydrate-binding proteins: E-selectin (CD62E), L-selectin (CD62L) and P-selectin (CD62P). E-selectin is particularly noteworthy in disease by virtue of its expression on activated endothelium and on bone–skin microvascular linings and for its role in cell rolling, cell signaling and chemotaxis. E-selectin, along with L- or P-selectin, mediates cell tethering and rolling interactions through the recognition of sialo-fucosylated Lewis carbohydrates expressed on structurally diverse protein–lipid ligands on circulating leukocytes or tumor cells. Major advances in understanding the role of E-selectin in inflammation and cancer have been advanced by experiments assaying E-selectin-mediated rolling of leukocytes and tumor cells under hydrodynamic shear flow, by clinical models of E-selectin-dependent inflammation, by mice deficient in E-selectin and by mice deficient in glycosyltransferases that regulate the binding activity of E-selectin ligands. Here, the authors elaborate on how E-selectin and its ligands may facilitate leukocyte or tumor cell recruitment in inflammatory and metastatic settings. Antagonists that target cellular interactions with E-selectin and other members of the selectin family, including neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, competitive ligand inhibitors or metabolic carbohydrate mimetics, exemplify a growing arsenal of potentially effective therapeutics in controlling inflammation and the metastatic behavior of cancer.
Familiares na sala de espera de uma unidade de terapia intensiva: sentimentos revelados

Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que objetivou conhecer quais os sentimentos dos familiares de pacientes internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). O estudo foi realizado na UTI de um hospital geral de grande porte da regiao oeste de Santa Catarina. A coleta ocorreu em 2009, com entrevista semiestruturada a 18 familiares. Para o tratamento dos dados utilizou-se o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Dos relatos surgiram dois temas relacionados aos sentimentos: a hospitalizacao na UTI e os durante a espera para entrar na unidade. A analise revelou sentimentos como: dor, angustia, tristeza, impotencia, medo, desespero, ansiedade e expectativa infinita. Espera-se que esses resultados possam auxiliar na capacitacao dos profissionais, para o acolhimento a familia e para a insercao desta no ambiente da UTI, como elemento a ser integrado no cuidado de enfermagem, atraves de acoes acolhedoras, ajudando-os a enfrentarem a hospitalizacao de um familiar na unidade critica.
RF CMOS inductor shielded by a high-impedance surface

We propose a high-performance inductor based on the concept of a high-impedance surface (or artificial magnetic conductor). The inductor is shielded from the silicon substrate by a high-impedance surface consisting of a lumped capacitor and inductor. Theoretical calculations comparing the proposed inductor with a conventional inductor shielded by an ordinary metal surface show that the resonant frequency and quality factor (Q) in the millimeter-wave region are higher for the proposed inductor.
Frames, decisions, and cardiac–autonomic control

The “framing effect” (FE) describes the phenomenon whereby human choices are susceptible to the way they are presented rather than objective information. The present study extends common decision-making paradigms with frame variation by including inhibitory control, operationalized as vagally mediated heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and motor response inhibition during a stop-signal task (SST). We hypothesized that inhibitory control is inversely associated with susceptibility to framing effects. Forty adult volunteers performed a risky-choice framing task in which identical information about wins and losses was presented using loss or gain frames. As predicted, there was an inverse association between HRV and framing effects, accounting for 23% of the variance in framing effects. Inhibitory control as indexed by performance in the SST was not associated with framing effects. These results are discussed in terms of the role of inhibitory processes (as indicated by vagal activity) for decision-making processes.
Omnidirectional Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 5.2-GHz WLAN Applications

The rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) is presented to generate linearly polarized (LP) with omnidirectional radiation patterns. The proposed omnidirectional LP DRA is fed centrally by a coaxial probe and offers an impedance bandwidth of 130 MHz between 5.15 and 5.35 GHz for dB, which can be useful for 5.2-GHz WLAN applications. It is noted that by introducing several inclined slits to the diagonal and sidewalls of the RDR and also deducting a rectangular part of the top wall of the LP RDRA, degeneracy mode is excited to generate the circularly polarized (CP) fields. The proposed omnidirectional CP DRA with axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth of 210 MHz was designed for WLAN (5.15-5.35 GHz) applications. A parametric study is presented. The proposed CP DRA is built, and the characteristics of the antenna are measured. Very good agreement between numerical and measured results is obtained.
Telomere shortening occurs in Asian Indian Type 2 diabetic patients

Aim Telomere shortening has been reported in several diseases including atherosclerosis and Type 1 diabetes. Asian Indians have an increased predilection for Type 2 diabetes and premature coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether telomeric shortening occurs in Asian Indian Type 2 diabetic patients.
Architecture of the high mobility group nucleosomal protein 2-nucleosome complex as revealed by methyl-based NMR

Chromatin structure and function are regulated by numerous proteins through specific binding to nucleosomes. The structural basis of many of these interactions is unknown, as in the case of the high mobility group nucleosomal (HMGN) protein family that regulates various chromatin functions, including transcription. Here, we report the architecture of the HMGN2-nucleosome complex determined by a combination of methyl-transverse relaxation optimized nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (methyl-TROSY) and mutational analysis. We found that HMGN2 binds to both the acidic patch in the H2A-H2B dimer and to nucleosomal DNA near the entry/exit point, “stapling” the histone core and the DNA. These results provide insight into how HMGNs regulate chromatin structure through interfering with the binding of linker histone H1 to the nucleosome as well as a structural basis of how phosphorylation induces dissociation of HMGNs from chromatin during mitosis. Importantly, our approach is generally applicable to the study of nucleosome-binding interactions in chromatin.
Wine by-Products: Phenolic Characterization and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Grapes and Grape Pomaces from Six Different French Grape Varieties

Grenache, Syrah, Carignan Noir, Mourvèdre, Counoise and Alicante Bouchet grape seeds and skins, harvested in 2009 and 2010 in the Rhône valley area of France, and their respective pomaces remaining after vinification, were analyzed for their phenolic composition and antioxidant activity. The polyphenol content was quantified by HPLC and the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The antioxidant potential was measured with four different assays: ORAC, FRAP, ABTS and DPPH. Seeds contained higher amounts of total polyphenols, up to 44.5 mg of gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/g dry weight in Alicante pomace, than skin extracts. The maximum total phenolic in skins was 31.6 mg GAE/g dry weight detected in 2010 Alicante pomace. Seeds also had the highest antioxidant capacity. HPLC analysis revealed that, despite the vinification process, pomaces still contained an appreciable amount of proanthocyanidins as well as several anthocyanin glycosides. Alicante and Syrah proved to be the varieties of most interest in terms of their potential development for nutraceutical purposes.
Association of atherosclerosis with dyslipidemia and co-morbid conditions: A descriptive study

Background: Dyslipidemia (Dys), the commonest cause of cardiovascular diseases, leads to lipid deposits on the arterial wall, thereby aggravating the process of atherosclerosis. To assess the impact of Dys and other co-morbid conditions on atherosclerosis (i.e., increased intimo medial thickness (IMT) or plaques) in the common carotid arteries (CCAs) we studied the incidence and association of plaques and increased IMT in dyslipidemic patients from North Indian population (south-west of Punjab, India). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study consisting of 88 (male-39 and female-49) dyslipidemic patients (age group 30-80 years); was designed. Blood pressure, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) were measured and fasting lipid profile, renal function, and liver function tests were performed. B-mode sonography, for CCA, was performed to assess IMT. Results: Average value (mg/dl) of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein in males and females was 220.30 versus 231.93, 240.3 versus 242.14, 125.29 versus 133.62 and 44.33 versus 46.09 respectively (P > 0.05, all), while WC, HC, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 101.8 versus 96.53 cm, 98.23 versus 99.53 cm, 143.23 versus 138.98 mmHg and 91.53 versus 88.97 mmHg respectively. Increased IMT and atherosclerotic plaques were observed in 36.36% cases (n = 32, male - 14 and female - 18) and 29.54% cases (n = 26, male 14, female 12) respectively. Odd ratio (OR) for plaques was more for Dys with coronary artery disease (CAD; 11.43) and Dys with CAD (Dys-CAD) + hypertension (HT) (24) respectively vs isolated Dys. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia patients have higher waist and HCs than normal subjects. Incidence and OR of plaques is higher in Dys-CAD or Dys-CAD + HT when compared to isolated Dys or Dys with HT. Hence, treatment of dyslipidemic patients’ needs to be intensified if more than one risk factor(s) is present simultaneously.
THE INFLUENCE OF DURATION OF BREASTFEEDING ON BONE MASS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

This study examines the influence of duration of breastfeeding on bone mineral density (BMD) and investigates the relationship between duration of breastfeeding and bone mass at four sites in postmenopausal women of different ages. A total of 509 postmenopausal women aged 45–86 years were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups: never breastfed (n=67), <96 months (n=157) and ≥96 months (n=285); they were further classified into two age groups, 40–59 years (n=233) and 60–80 years (n=276). In all patients and in the 40–59 year age group, BMD of the spine was found to be significantly lower in the never‐breastfed group, while BMD of the trochanter was significantly lower in the ≥96 month breastfeeding group. BMD of the spine and femur tended to decrease with longer breastfeeding in all groups, while BMD of the spine and trochanter tended to decrease with longer breastfeeding in the 40–59 year group. Of patients in the 60–80 year group who had never breastfed, spinal BMD was significantly higher than that of the ≥=96 month group, while in the ≥96 month group trochanter BMD was significantly lower than in other groups. In the never‐breastfed group, ward's triangle BMD was significantly higher than that of other groups. There was a significant correlation between duration of breastfeeding and BMD of the spine, neck, trochanter and ward's triangle. The study suggests that duration of breastfeeding has an effect on BMD, and extended breastfeeding leads to lower BMD.
Acquired Pigmentation of Porcine Lymph Nodes: Dietary Polyphenolic Compounds as Biological Markers?

The investigation aimed at exploring whether 1) high contents of natural polyphenols from the diet can induce pigment accumulation in lymph nodes (LNs); 2) if so, whether polyphenolic compounds and derivates can be used as biological markers; 3) and whether a lymph node from a specific anatomical region can be univocally identified, so as to be con sidered as a sentinel for the identification of the dietary origin of pigments. A paired match approach was used to switch 20 pigs (range of initial body weight, BW: 113 - 121 kg) to two experimental diets, for four weeks: ten pigs (pair housed) were fed with an experimental acorn based diet (acorns: 50% in the diet, as fed; total polyphenols, 78.1 g TP/Kg DM in the diet; tannic acid equivalent, 25.8 g TAE/kg DM); the remainder ten, received a pelleted complete diet for finishers (0% acorns in the diet). Daily feed intake in the last two weeks of the experimental feeding was recorded per pair of pigs in both groups of animals, showing an average intake of 610 mg TAE/kg BW/d. At an average final BW of between 127 to 137 kg, all pigs were slaughtered and LNs from different anatomical regions of the carcass were removed and analysed. At gross inspection, LNs from both groups displayed different grades of intensity and diffusion of pigmentation: a partial and incidental pigmentation was randomly detected in renal or sub-iliac LNs in the control group; a constant and uniform pigmentation of LNs was observed in acorns fed pigs: a dark brown staining diffused to the whole LN associated with a brownish colour of the muscles was found systematically. At light microscope intracytoplasmic granules were found in macrophages and dendritic cells from both groups, but, at confocal laser analysis, an intense auto-fluorescence was observed in medial-iliac LNs from the carcasses of acorn-fed pigs (green emission). However, intracellular sources of blue and green fluorescence at different wavelengths, likely due to tryptophan, indoleamine and derivates were also found in medial-iliac and inguinal LNs from the control group. A dietary origin was attributed to the different discoloration of LNs between the carcasses of the two groups: such acquired pigmentation is relevant in the left sub-iliac LN, but the confocal laser microscopic test to elicit auto-fluorescence of polyphenolic compounds (biological markers) displayed a 76.9% specificity, despite a 100% of sensitivity for the univocal identification of the carcass from acorn-fed pigs. Cranial sternal LNs resulted to suit the sentinel role in the distinction of carcass from acorns fed pigs at confocal laser microscopic analysis.
Quantifying the Benefits of Individual-Level Targeting in the Presence of Firm Strategic Behavior

The authors develop a method to quantify the benefits of individual-level targeting when the data reflect firm strategic behavior—that is, when firms (1) are engaged in targeting and (2) take into account the actions of competing firms. This article studies a pharmaceutical firm's decision on the allocation of detailing visits across individual physicians. For this analysis, the authors develop, at the individual level, a model of prescriptions and a model of detailing. Using physician panel data, they estimate, at the physician level, the parameters of the prescription and detailing models jointly using full-information Bayesian methods. The results suggest that accounting for firm strategic behavior improves profitability by 14%–23% compared with segment-level targeting. In addition, ignoring firm strategic behavior underestimates the benefit of individual-level targeting significantly. The authors provide reasons for this finding. They also carry out several robustness checks to test the validity of the modeling assumptions.
Regulation of expression of cAMP response element-binding protein in the locus coeruleus in vivo and in a locus coeruleus-like cell line in vitro.

Expression of the cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) has been thought to be constitutive and not subject to regulation. In the course of investigating effects of chronic morphine on the cAMP pathway in the locus coeruleus, a brain region important for opiate addiction, we found that levels of CREB immunoreactivity and CRE binding were increased by chronic morphine administration. To further investigate possible mechanisms underlying this unexpected finding, we studied the regulation of CREB expression in a cell line (CATH.a) that exhibits many properties of locus coeruleus neurons. Agents that activate the cAMP pathway led to a > 60% decrease in CREB mRNA in this cell line. Moreover, these alterations in CREB mRNA levels were associated with changes in levels of CREB immunoreactivity and CRE-binding activity. In contrast, the same treatments fail to alter CREB expression in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells.