Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soil bacteria that precipitate calcium carbonate: mechanism and applications of the process

Bacteria with ureasic activity are microorganisms found in soil that in presence of urea and calcium, they can produce calcium carbonate, a process known as microbiologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). This article discusses this process and its mechanism, as well as bacterial urease, calcium carbonate crystals formed, and factors that affect the efficiency of MICP, as type of bacteria, bacterial cell concentrations, pH, temperature and calcium and urea concentrations. In addition, applications as removal of heavy metals in water, bioconsolidation, biocement and CO2 sequestration are also discussed.
Implications of insect responses to supernormal visual releasing stimuli in intersexual communication and flower-visiting behaviour: A review

Animals, including human beings, tend to respond more strongly to stimuli that are associated with the highest relative rewards. This applies not only to food rewards but also to reproductive success. In the present review article this issue is discussed for insects in connection with intersexual communication and flower-visiting behaviour. Implications of the preference for supernormal visual releasing stimuli are examined from a sensory and evolutionary perspective, including a consideration of the choice of potential mates and recognition of the most rewarding flowers.
Interactive comment on “Fine particles from Independence Day fireworks events: chemical characterization and source apportionment” by Jie Zhang et al

In their manuscript “Fine particles from Independence Day fireworks events: chemical characterization and source apportionment“ Zhang et al. present results from aerosol measurements during and around the Independence Day fireworks in Albany, NY. Aerosol composition and species-resolved size distributions were measured using a HR-ToF-AMS. In addition, several instruments were measuring particle size distribution, particle mass concentration and black carbon concentration. Finally, a LIDAR was applied to determine backscatter and wind information. The authors present an analysis of the chemical composition of the fireworks aerosol as well as that of the aerosol during other times, not affected by the fireworks as determined by AMS. This includes a PMF analysis of the AMS organics. This analysis suggests that there have been
Scanning electron microscope study of dinospores of Amyloodinium cf. ocellatum, a pathogenic dinoflagellate parasite of marine fish, and comments on its relationship to the Peridiniales.

Trophonts of a parasitic dlnoflagellate were obtalned from the gills of feral and cultured red drum Sciaenops ocellatus and aquarium-housed sebae clownflsh Amphiprion clarku, Imperator Pomacanthus imperator, mandann goby Pterosynchiropus splend~dus and flame angelfish Centropyge loriculus. After incubation of tomonts, dinospores were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Dinospores have a plate pattern and tabulation of PO, cp, X. 4 ' , l a , 7 " , 6 to 8? c, ? S, S"', 2"", which are similar to that of the free-living Peridiniales. The parasite is tentatively identified as Amyloodinium cf. ocellatum. Most descriptions of parasitic dinoflagellates rely only on the morphology of the trophont. However, despite the fact that some past studies have questioned the validity of using dinospores in making taxonolnic classifications because of their plastic and unstable morphological characteristics, dlnospore characterization is critical Traditionally, dinospores of parasitic dinoflagellates have been described as unarmored (naked) and have been considered to have gymnodinioid, gyrodinioid or cochlodinioid forms. Ultrastructural f~xation techniques used for A. cf. ocellatum revealed the presence of thin plates arranged in Kofoldlan series. Such plates could be more prevalent in other dlnoflagellate species than has been previously ~ndicated, and existing taxonom~c-classification schemes may need to be emended. Dinospores of other parasitic dinoflagellates should be reevaluated for the presence of similar diagnostic characteristics.
Mathematical modelling of aerosol transport and deposition: Analytic formulae for fast computation

Solid and liquid particles (aerosols) ejected into the atmosphere by volcanic or hydrothermal eruptions, dust and sand swept up by storms or from other pollution sources, and droplets from crop-spraying, are subsequently dispersed by atmospheric wind currents. The particles fall under gravity while being advected by the mean wind and dispersed by turbulence. Particle sizes are generally not uniform, and may also change during flight (perhaps by particle coalescence and/or fragmentation, or, in the case of fluids, by evaporation or condensation) with consequent change to the settling speed. The wind may also change with elevation (and with time) and particles may be trapped on crop or forest foliage as they near the ground. A quantitative model that reflects these influences on particle dispersal is outlined. It is assumed that the wind does not change over the time of particle flight, and that there is no change of particle size due to evaporation or condensation. However, the other elevationdependent features listed above are included. Changes of conditions with elevation are treated by using a piecewise-constant wind velocity, associated dominant turbulence length scale, settling speed and trapping rates. In any case, this is the way that data are provided for most of the numerical schemes currently available. When the vertical dispersion is assumed negligible (as is commonly supposed in such modelling), analytic solutions to the advection-dispersion equations that describe the motion of the particles may be found. Results calculated directly from the analytical formulae provide examples of the method.
Unsteady MHD free convective heat and mass transfer from a vertical porous plate with Hall current, thermal radiation and chemical reaction effects

An analysis is presented to investigate the effects of chemical reaction, thermal radiation and heat generation or absorption on unsteady free convective heat and mass transfer along an infinite vertical porous plate in the presence of a transverse magnetic field and Hall current. The governing partial differential equations are formulated and transformed by using a similarity transformation into a system of ordinary differential equations. The resulting equations are solved numerically using a fourth‐order Runge–Kutta scheme along with the shooting method. The Rosseland approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. Numerical results for the velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are shown graphically for different parametric values. The effects of parameters on the local friction coefficients, the Nusselt number and Sherwood numbers are depicted in tabulated form. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance, fatty acids digestibility, carcass and muscle composition of pigs fed diets enriched with vitamin E and differing in their MUFA-PUFA ratio

The effect of dietary vitamin E supplementation (20 vs 200 mg α-tocopheryl acetate/kg) and different MUFA/PUFA ratio on pig performance, digestibility of fatty acids, and carcass and muscle chemical composition was studied. The feed containing higher concentration of C18:2 led to a more (P<0.01) effi cient feed utilization (FCR) in boars and gilts. An effect (P<0.05) of dietary fat on C16:1, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2 apparent digestibility was found. Apparent digestibility of C16:1 and saturated fatty acids was lower at higher vitamin E supplementation, indicating a possible competition for absorption. The partial substitution of dietary PUFA by MUFA produced a higher proportion of intramuscular fat (P=0.04), and a decrease in total fatty acid apparent digestibility only in the case that a basal level of vitamin E was added to the diet.
Fibrous Root Distribution in Pineapple Orange Trees Under Semi-Arid Irrigated Ecosystem

The root distribution pattern of 17-year-old pineapple orange trees budded on Rough lemon, Cleopatra and Troyer citrange rootstocks were studied by root excavation method at four radial distances, 0-75, 75-150, 150-225 and 225-300 cm from tree trunk, and at three depths, 0-15, 15-30 and 30-60 cm. Fibrous root length density (FRLD) and fibrous root length percentage differed significantly at various depths and radial distances among rootstocks. FRLD was closer to tree trunk on both horizontal and vertical planes. Root density decreased from 0.183 to 0.084, 1.051 to 0.238 and 0.238 to 0.095 cm.cm-3 from 0-15 cm to 30-60 cm depth within 0-75 cm radial distances from tree trunk in trees on Rough lemon, Cleopatra and Troyer citrange, respectively. Cleopatra contains the highest 0.231 cm.cm-3 FRLD as compared to 0.051 cm.cm-3 in Rough lemon and Troyer citrange. Troyer citrange has intensive lateral root development with 84% fibrous roots (FR) within 75 cm radial distance, whereas Rough lemon and Troyer has an appreciable amount up to 225 cm distance (extensive lateral). Cleopatra contained 57% FR in upper soil layer (0-15 cm) (intensive vertical). In Rough lemon and Troyer 54% FR are confined to lower depth 15-60 cm (extensive vertical root development). Troyer and Rough lemon had the same vertical, whereas Rough lemon and Cleopatra showed the same horizontal rooting pattern under arid irrigated ecosystem. Thus, irrigation depth and fertilizer placement should be critically rootstock specific.
A Generalization of the Double-Corner-Frequency Source Spectral Model and Its Use in the SCEC BBP Validation Exercise

The stochastic method of simulating ground motions requires the speci- fication of the shape and scaling with magnitude of the source spectrum. The spectral models commonly used are either single-corner-frequency or double-corner- frequency models, but the latter have no flexibility to vary the high-frequency spectral levels for a specified seismic moment. Two generalized double-corner-frequency ω 2 source spectral models are introduced, one in which two spectra are multiplied to- gether and another where they are added. Both models have a low-frequency depend- ence controlled by the seismic moment and a high-frequency spectral level controlled by the seismic moment and a stress parameter. Awide range of spectral shapes can be obtained from these generalized spectral models, which makes them suitable for in- versions of data to obtain spectral models that can be used in ground-motion simu- lations in situations in which adequate data are not available for purely empirical determinations of ground motions, such as in stable continental regions. As an exam- ple of the use of the generalized source spectral models, data from up to 40 stations from seven events, plus response spectra at two distances and two magnitudes from recent ground-motion prediction equations, were inverted to obtain the parameters controlling the spectral shapes, as well as a finite-fault factor that is used in point- source, stochastic-method simulations of ground motion. The fits to the data are com- parable to or even better than those from finite-fault simulations, even for sites close to large earthquakes.
Terahertz Spectroscopy for Gastrointestinal Cancer Diagnosis

In this chapter, we present a number of sensitive measurement modalities for the study and analysis of human cancer-affected colon and gastric tissue using terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. Considerable advancements have been reached in characterization of bio-tissue with some accuracy, although too dawn, and still long and exhaustive work have to be done towards well-established and reliable applications. The advent of the THz-time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) test modality at a sub-picosecond time reso lution has arguably fostered an intensive work in this field’s research line. The chapter addresses some basic theoretical aspects of this measurement modality with the presen-tation of general experimental laboratory setup diagrams for THz generation and detec - tion, sample preparation aspects, samples optical parameters calculation procedures and data analysis.
Non-Associative Algebras, Yang-Baxter equations, and Quantum Computers

Non-associative algebras is a research direction gaining much at- tention these days. New developments show that associative algebras and some not-associative structures can be unified at the level of Yang-Baxter structures. In this paper, we present a unification for associative algebras, Jordan algebras and Lie algebras. The (quantum) Yang-Baxter equation and related structures are interesting topics, because they have applications in many areas of physics, mathematics, and computer science. Several new interpretations and results are presented in this paper.
Generation of Magnetic Fields in Cosmic Objects: Electrokinetic Model

Based on the assumption of separation of the charges in matter of cosmic bodies the possibility of obtaining the magnetic moment by these bodies is proved. The magnitude of the magnetic field appears proportional to the angular velocity of the body’s rotation and to the radius of convective layer. The periods of change of polarity of magnetic field of the Earth and the Sun are calculated by means of the size the convective layer and the convection speed. The solar activity appears the consequence of periodic transformation of the thermal energy into the electromagnetic form of energy. Keywords: electrokinetic model, stellar magnetic fields, geomagnetism
The Composition of Centaur 5145 Pholus

Abstract We present a new spectrum of the Centaur object 5145 Pholus between 1.15 and 2.4 μm. We model this, and the previously published (0.4- to 1.0-μm) spectrum, using Hapke scattering theory. Seen in absorption are the 2.04-μm band of H 2 O ice and a strong band at 2.27 μm, interpreted as frozen methanol and/or a photolytic product of methanol having small molecular weight. The presence of small molecules is indicative of a chemically primitive surface, since heating and other processes remove the light hydrocarbons in favor of macromolecular carbon of the kind found in carbonaceous meteorites. The unusually red slope of Pholus' spectrum is matched by fine grains of a refractory organic solid (tholin), as found previously by M. Hoffmann et al . (1993, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 7403–7407) and P. D. Wilson et al. (1994, Icarus 107, 288–303). Olivine (which we model with Fo 82) also appears to be present on Pholus. We present a five-component model for the composite spectrum of all spectroscopic and photometric data available for 5145 Pholus and conclude that this is a primitive object which has not yet been substantially processed by solar heat. The properties of Pholus are those of the nucleus of a large comet that has never been active.
The role of relative humidity in continental new particle formation

[1] Relative humidity (RH) has been observed to be anticorrelated with continental new particle formation. Several reasons have been proposed for this rather surprising finding, but no firm conclusions have been drawn so far. Here we study several of the proposed reasons: Enhanced coagulational scavenging of sub-3 nm clusters at high RH, diminished solar radiation at high RH leading to diminished gas phase oxidation chemistry, and increased condensation sink (CS) of condensable gases due to hygroscopic growth of the preexisting particles. Our theoretical calculations indicate that the increase of coagulational scavenging plays a relatively small role in the inhibition of nucleation at high RH. On the other hand, field data show that the maximum observed gas phase sulphuric acid concentrations are limited to RHs below 60%. The field data also indicate that this is likely due to low OH concentrations at high RH. This finding is also supported by aerosol dynamics model simulations. The model was used to find out whether this is mainly due to decreased source (solar radiation) or increased sink (CS) terms at the elevated RH. The simulation results show that the decreased source term at high RH limits H2SO4 levels in the air, and therefore high new particle formation rates (above ∼1 cm−3 s−1) rarely occur above 80% RH.
The molecular interstellar medium of the Local Group dwarf NGC 6822 - The molecular ISM of NGC 6822

Do molecular clouds collapse to form stars at the same rate in all environments? In large spiral galaxies, the rate of transformation of H2 into stars varies little. However, the SFE in distant objects (z ∼ 1) is much higher than in the large spiral disks that dominate the local universe. Some small Local Group galaxies share at least some of the characteristics of intermediate-redshift objects, such as size or color. Recent work has suggested that the star formation efficiency (SFE, defined as the star formation rate per unit H2 )i n local Dwarf galaxies may be as high as in the distant objects. A fundamental difficulty in these studies is the independent measure of the H2 mass in metal-deficient environments. At 490 kpc, NGC 6822 is an excellent choice for this study; it has been mapped in the CO(2–1) line using the multibeam receiver HERA on the 30 m IRAM telescope, yielding the largest sample of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in this galaxy. Despite the much lower metallicity, we find no clear difference in the properties of the GMCs in NGC 6822 and those in the Milky Way except lower CO luminosities for a given mass. Several independent methods indicate that the
Corporate Policies with Permanent and Transitory Shocks

We model the financing, cash holdings, and hedging policies of a firm facing financing frictions and subject to permanent and transitory cash flow shocks. We show that permanent and transitory shocks generate distinct, sometimes opposite, effects on corporate policies and use the model to develop a rich set of empirical predictions. In our model, correlated permanent and transitory shocks imply less risk, lower cash savings, and a drop in the value of credit lines. The composition of cash-flow shocks affects the cash-flow sensitivity of cash, which can be positive or negative. Optimal hedging of permanent and transitory shocks may involve opposite positions.
Single-parenthood among migrant children: determinants and consequences for educational performance

In this paper we address both the occurrence of single-motherhood among migrant mothers in OECD countries and the effect of living in a single-mother family on the math scores of 15-year old migrant pupils in OECD countries. We use the PISA 2009 data with an international comparative perspective, which contains 14,794 migrant pupils coming from 54 origin countries (grouped into 13 origins regions) and living in 15 OECD destination countries. We select only two-parent families and single-mother families for this analysis. Pupils have a higher risk of living in a single-mother family when one parent was born in the destination country, when they speak the destination language at home, and when they have a low socio-economic status. The risk of single parenthood also coincides with the prevalence of single parenthood in the origin country but does not reflect the prevalence of single parenthood in the destination countries. After controlling for mothersâ€™ socio-economic status and migration history, migrant pupils from single-mother families score 4 point lower on the math test than migrant pupils who live with both parents. This effect does not depend on the prevalence of single parenthood in the origin or the destination country.
Effects of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on testicular histology of Iraqi drakes

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary L-carnitine at different levels on testicular histology in Iraqi drakes. Forty-eight, 30-wk-old Iraqi drakes, were fed the same basal diet that was supplemented with 0 (control), 50, 100 or 150 mg of L-carnitine/kg of diet for 12 weeks. The supplementation of dietary Lcarnitine at levels of 50, 100 or 100 mg/kg to a basal diet significantly increased absolute and relative weight of testis, germinal cell thickness, seminiferous tubules lumen diameter and seminiferous tubules diameter. However, supplementation of the drake ration with different levels of L-carnitine significantly increased volume density of spermatocytes, spermatids, sperms, spermatogenic cells, Sertoli cells, total seminiferous tubules, Leydig cells, blood vessels and total interstitium and significantly decreased volume density of vacuoles, lumen, interstitial spaces and total seminiferous tubules/total interstitium ratio. Moreover, feeding diets containing different levels of L-carnitine resulted in significant increase in relative weight of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, sperms, spermatogenic cells, Sertoli cells, total seminiferous tubules, myoid cells, Leydig cells, blood vessels and total interstitium and significant decrease in relative weight of total seminiferous tubules/total interstitium. These results suggest that dietary L-carnitine supplementation significantly improve testes histological traits of drakes. Therefore, L-carnitine can be used as beneficial tool for improving reproductive performance of male birds.
The Influence of Mobile Phone Addiction on Procrastination: A Moderated Mediating Model

As technologies advances, mobile phones, especially smartphones become increasingly dispensable for young adults, it is particularly prevalent among universities students. But the tools negatively affect the users’ physical and mental health who spend more time on it, such as interpersonal communication problems poor sleep quality, and academic failure. The recent papers pointed out that a prominent association among mobile phone addiction, future time perspective, procrastination each other, but few authors investigated the underlying mechanism of above three variables. The study aimed to estimate the mediating role of future time perspective whether the mediator explored the relation of mobile phone addiction on delaying. At the same time, this paper tried to test the moderate effect of gender according to previous study.600 students from medical college in Weifang located in Shandong Province completed multiple scales, namely Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS). Future, Time Perspective Scale (FTPS), Arouse Procrastination Scale and Avoidant Procrastination Scale, respectively. The results follows were: (1) future time perspective partially mediated the relationship between mobile phone addiction and procrastination. The proportions of explanation for indirect effects were 20.32% and 24.70%, respectively. (2) Gender played a moderated role in the influence of independent variable on dependent variables. The regulated mediator model was fit and receivable, the mediated model is more suited to male, the addictive behavior profoundly related with procrastination in male groups than that of in female groups. Future directions for the investigation of the moderated mediation model in medical college students in Weifang and the limitations of the present study were discussed.