Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A retrospective comparative study of patient satisfaction following ambulatory outpatient and inpatient total shoulder arthroplasty

Background: Little is known about patient perceptions of outpatient total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). We evaluated patient-reported satisfaction with TSA in a freestanding ambulatory surgery center (ASC) and an inpatient (INPT) setting. Methods: Patients were mailed a survey regarding hospital admission, surgical site infections, and medical problems after surgery, as well as their satisfaction with the surgery and location. Patients were asked if, given the opportunity, they would change the location of their surgery. Results: Thirty-five patients with ASC surgery and 46 with INPT surgery completed the survey. Satisfaction regarding location and outcomes of surgery was similar, with no differences in readmission rates, need for medical care after surgery, or surgical site infections. A high percentage of patients in the INPT group would have changed their surgery location to an ASC setting. Conclusions: Patients were very satisfied with TSA, as well as the environment of their surgery (ASC or INPT). If given a choice, however, the ASC group preferred having their surgery in the ASC setting, while a high percentage of patients in the INPT group would have preferred to change to an ASC setting. Level of Evidence: Level III. Retrospective comparative study.
Age-Related Changes in the Cranial Thickness of Japanese Macaques ( Macaca fuscata )

Craniometry has revealed that continuous skull expansion occurs after dental maturity in macaques and other nonhuman primates. Endocranial volume has been shown to increase with age from mid-adulthood to older age in macaques. Thus, neurocranial thickness may decrease with age, especially from mid-adulthood to older age. Here, we investigated age-related cha ng s in the cranial thickness of Japanese macaques ( Macaca fuscata ). Ten cranial thickness measurements (ten neurocranial landmarks) were made using computed tomographic scans of 140 crania from adult macaques (67 males and 73 females ). The cranial thickness at many sites was shown to increase in the neurocranium from young adulthood (7–9 years) to early-mid adulthood (14–19 years) in males and latemid adulthood (19–24 years) in females, while it was decreased in the oldest age group (>24 years). The cranial thickness at va rious ites showed a significant decrease from mid-adulthood to very old age in both sexes, although females had more sites with decreasing thickn s than did males. The difference between sexes in terms of age-related changes in cranial thickness at sites on the mid-sagittal plane may be associated with the differences in the size of the projecting face and canines between males a d females. The greater number of sites with decreasing thickness in females than in males may be associated with postmenopausal estrogen depletion in female macaques.
Radical consolidative treatments a hope for patients with oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Lung carcinoma is the second most common cancer diagnosis by gender, behind breast cancer for women and prostate cancer for men and ranks as the first cause of tumor-related death worldwide in both sexes. Moreover, lung cancer is not often diagnosed until advanced stage disease is present. According to literature, 84% of all lung cancer cases are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (1) and within this type the proportion of patients with distant metastasis at diagnosis ranges from 46.8% to 61.2% (2). Stage IV NSCLC has limited therapeutic options and prognosis is poor with a median survival up to 12 months (3); these patients are generally not indicated for radical local treatment with curable intent and the standard treatment choice is palliative systemic management including cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted therapy. However, stage IV NSCLC is a heterogeneous entity which includes subgroups of patients with different biological behavior and prognosis.
Factors that predict weight gain among first-year college students

Aim and objectives: In the USA, undergraduate students gain more weight in the first year in college than at any other point in their lives. However, the factors that predict their weight gain are unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the predictors of weight gain among first-year college students at a US college over a 3-month period. Design: Correlational longitudinal study using baseline and follow-up self-report survey data. Setting: A private college in the Northeastern USA. Methods: A total of 110 first-year college students were invited to complete both baseline and follow-up surveys 3 months apart. The baseline survey examined participants’ knowledge, self-efficacy, attitudes, intentions and practices regarding physical activity, diet and stress management. The follow-up survey evaluated barriers to diet and exercise practices. Results: Knowledge, attitudes, intentions and behavioural practices did not predict weight change. However, students who gained weight perceived significantly more personal and environmental barriers than those who did not change weight on the following variables: lack of motivation to exercise, no time to eat healthily, perception of lack of healthy food options and impact of bad weather on exercise. Conclusion: Even living in the same college environment, students perceive environmental barriers differently, which was associated with body weight gain. Health education and promotion professionals should guide students to overcome barriers to healthy eating and exercise, as well as making the campus environment more conducive to healthy behaviour.
The effect of surfactant above and below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the mathematical models used to determine the kinetics of drug release from the matrix system

The liberation of propranolol HCl from a controlled release matrix, containing the hydrophilic polymer, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and the hydrophobic polymer, Eudragit RL 100 (RL 100) as excipients, was studied. The influences of surface active agents on the dissolution rate of the drug were examined. Tablets were made by direct compression methods. The dissolution tests were performed by using the basket method. The incorporation of the cationic surfactants within the matrices increased the drug release until the critical micelle concentration (CMC). While, after the CMC, the increase in drug release was to a lesser extent. The incorporation of the anionic surfactants reduced the release rate of the drug from the matrices. At the CMC, the percent of drug release from the matrices were approximately the same with the matrices without the surfactants. While an increase in drug release was observed above the CMC of the anionic surfactants. The data obtained from in vitro drug release studies were plotted according to three kinetic models to study the release kinetic. These were zero order release, the first order release and the Higuchi equation. Zero order release of the drug was observed in all the formulations. The release mechanism was influenced considerably by the ratio of the excipients. Key words: Propranolol HCl, controlled release, critical micelle concentration (CMC), dissolution, dissolution rate kinetics, surfactant.
Comparative study of effectiveness of rush pin with long arm cast and dynamic compression plate in management of closed diaphyseal fracture of radius and ulna in adults.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of Rush pin with long arm cast and dynamic compression plate in the management of diaphyseal fracture of radius and ulna in adults. METHODS The randomised control study was conducted at the Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from December 2012 to December 2015, and comprised diaphyseal fracture of radius and ulna cases aged 15-45 years of either gender. The patients were divided randomly into two groups. Group A was managed with open reduction and internal fixation with Dynamic Compression Plate, while group B was managed with closed reduction and internal fixation with Rush pin and long arm cast. Groups were compared for age, gender, Orthopaedic Trauma Association fracture type distribution, surgery time, amount of blood loss, union achieved, time to union and functional outcome in terms of Grace-Eversmann criteria and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score. The complications in the two groups were also noted. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis. RESULTS Of the 60 patients, 30(50%) each were in groups A and B. In group A, there were 23(76.67%) males and 7(23.33%) females, while in group B, there were 26(86.67%) males and 4(13.33%) females. The mean age in group A was 30.33} 4.26 years (range 21-37 years), and in group B it was 28.60}7.69 years (range 15-45 years). There was significant short time to union in group B compared to group A (p<0.0001). Frequency of union and functional outcome were not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Functional outcome and frequency of union was not significantly different between the groups, but there was a statistically significant earlier union in cases managed with Rush pin and long arm cast than those managed with open reduction and internal fixation with Dynamic Compression Plate.
Acute effects of air pollutants on daily mortality and hospitalizations due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

Background Chiang Dao is one of the districts in Chiang Mai, Thailand facing high level of seasonal air pollution every year, the exposure of community dwellers to outdoor air pollutants 24 hours a day during seasonal smog period because of their open-air housing style, and agricultural occupational hazard. In addition, Chiang Dao hospital is the only available hospital serving the community with open-air wards; therefore we could certainly to identify the association between air pollution and mortality of hospitalized patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the association between daily average seasonal air pollutants and daily mortality of hospitalized patients and community dwellers as well as emergency and hospitalization visits for serious respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases. Methods This time series study was conducted between 1 March 2016 and 31 March 2017. The association of various air pollutant concentrations including particulate matter diameter less than 10 and 2.5 microns (PM10 and PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and daily mortality of hospitalized patients and community dwellers as well as relationship with frequencies of serious respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases were analyzed using a general linear model with Poisson distribution. Results Only PM2.5 was found to be associated with increased daily mortality of hospitalized patients (lag day 6, adjusted RR =1.153, 95% CI: 1.001-1.329), whereas PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and O3 were associated with increased daily non-accidental mortality of community dwellers (lag day 0-7, adjusted RR =1.006-1.040, 95% CI: 1.000-1.074). For acute serious respiratory events; PM10 and PM2.5 were associated with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), while SO2, CO, and O3 were associated with emergency visits for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). O3 was associated with emergency visits for heart failure (HF), NO2 with emergency visits for myocardial infarction (MI), and SO2 with hospitalized visits for cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Conclusions Seasonal air pollutants were found to be associated with higher mortality among hospitalized patients and community dwellers with varying effects on severe acute respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases.
PREDIKSI JEDA PADA UCAPAN BAHASA MELAYU PONTIANAK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SHALLOW PARSING

Abstrak - Penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaimana menemukan frasa jeda ucapan kalimat Bahasa Melayu Pontianak menggunakan metode shallow parsing yang merupakan salah satu fungsi dari NLTK ( Natural Language Toolkit ). Metode shallow parsing ini berfungsi untuk dapat mengetahui kejadian jeda yang terjadi pada kalimat Bahasa Melayu Pontianak melalui potongan frasa. Potongan-potongan frasa yang terbentuk berhubungan dengan frasa jeda dari penutur agar dapat digunakan untuk keperluan generasi sistem text to speech (TTS). Metode shallow parsing pada NLTK ( Natural Language Toolkit ) membutuhkan atruran grammars dan PoS tagger . Kumpulan aturan grammars dibuat dalam bentuk regular expressions untuk mengklasifikasikan kata-kata yang dapat membentuk frasa dengan menggunakan kategori sintaksis kalimat berdasarkan informasi Part Of Speech (PoS). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kalimat yang telah terpotong-potong membentuk frasa-frasa jeda. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan precision, recall serta F-measure terhadap kalimat tunggal dan kalimat majemuk. Kalimat tunggal terdiri dari 47 kalimat dan kalimat majemuk terdiri dari 121 kalimat. Berdasarkan pengujian yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan hasil bahwa metode shallow parsing yang dibentuk berdasarkan aturan grammars sudah dapat membentuk frasa jeda pada kalimat Bahasa Melayu Pontianak. Hasil dari pengujian diperoleh nilai precision dan nilai recall untuk kalimat tunggal adalah 0.74 dan 0.78 dengan nilai f-measure 0.75. Adapun pada kalimat majemuk memperoleh nilai precision dan recall sebesar 0.57 dan 0.67 dengan nilai F-measure 0.61. Kata Kunci : frasa jeda, Shallow Parsing , NLTK, Regular Expressions, Part Of Speech .
Efficacy and Safety of 12-week Interferon-based Danoprevir Regimen in Patients with Genotype 1 Chronic Hepatitis C

Abstract Background and Aims: Genotype (GT) 1 remains the predominant hepatitis c virus (HCV) GT in Chinese patients. Over 80% of those Chinese patients harbor the interferon-sensitive CC allele of IFNL4rs12979860, which is favorable for interferon-based treatment regimens. This phase III clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the ritonavir-boosted danoprevir plus pegylated-interferon α-2a and ribavirin regimen for 12 weeks in treatment-naïve mainland Chinese patients infected with HCV GT1 without cirrhosis. Methods: One hundred and forty-one treatment-naïve, non-cirrhotic HCV GT1 Chinese patients (age ≥18 years) were enrolled for this single-arm, multicenter, phase III MANASA study (NCT03020082). Patients received a combination of ritonavir-boosted danoprevir (100 mg/100 mg) twice a day plus subcutaneous injection of weekly pegylated-interferon α-2a (180 μg) and oral ribavirin (1000/1200 mg/day body weight <75/≥75 kg) for 12 weeks. The primary end-point was sustained virologic response rate at 12 weeks after the end of treatment. The secondary end-points were safety outcomes, tolerability, virologic response over time and relapse rate. Results: All enrolled patients were HCV GT1-infected, and most among them (97.9%, 123/141) had the HCV GT1b subtype. Single-nucleotide polymorphism test showed that the majority of patients were of the IFNL4 rs12979860 CC genotype (87.2%, 123/141). Overall, 140 patients completed the 12-week treatment, and 97.1% (136/140) patients achieved sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (per protocol population group, 95% confidence interval: 92.9–99.2%). Only drug-related serious adverse event occurred. Most of the adverse events were grade 1 and grade 2 alanine aminotransferase elevation or liver dysfunction. One patient discontinued treatment because of severe head injury in a car accident. Conclusions: The triple regimen of ritonavir-boosted danoprevir plus pegylated-interferon α-2a and ribavirin produced a sustained virologic response rate of 97.1% after 12 weeks treatment in noncirrhotic HCV GT1-infected Chinese patients, and was safe and well tolerated. Trial Registration Clinical-Trials.gov Identifier: NCT03020082
Comparing the benefits of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy vs. observation for stage IB non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis.

Background The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the benefits of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy vs. observation for stage IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases, and stage IB NSCLC patients were assigned to the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and observation groups. The 5-year overall survival (OS), 5-year disease-free survival (DFS), local recurrence, and distant metastasis were then assessed. In addition, statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 software. Results The meta-analysis involved nine articles and included 1,645 stage IB patients. There was no significance in the 5-year OS [relative risk (RR) =1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98-1.13; P=0.14] and 5-year DFS (RR =1.29; 95% CI: 0.97-1.72; P=0.08) between the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and observation groups. However, there was a significant difference in local recurrence (RR =0.43; 95% CI: 0.23-0.80; P=0.007) and distant metastasis (RR =0.68; 95% CI: 0.48-0.97; P=0.03) between the two groups. Conclusions Adjuvant chemotherapy might not be recommended for stage IB NSCLC.
Addicted babies: an assessment protocol of development in children born and grown in a therapeutic community context

Addicted babies refers to children born dependent on psychoactive substances, since their mothers are drug-addicted. The studies on the detrimental effects of substance-exposure on child development generally do not take into account that frequently these children were born and raised in therapeutic communities (TC) for drugaddicted mothers and children, that provides children with specific intervention tools. Therefore, this paper aims to present an protocol to assess and monitor the development of children born and raised in a residential TC. This approach will be explained through the presentation of a single case: the first assessment occurred when he was one year old and then repeated when he was two years old. The outcomes point out an increase in mother’s sensitivity and responsivity in interacting with her child at the 12-month-follow-up. The importance of using early intervention approaches that are specific to the TC context for drugexposed children will be discussed.
Enhancing direct cytotoxicity and response to immune checkpoint blockade following ionizing radiation with Wee1 kinase inhibition

ABSTRACT Tumor cells activate the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint in response to ionizing radiation (IR) and effector immune cell-derived granzyme B to facilitate repair and survival. Wee1 kinase inhibition reverses the ability of tumor cells to pause at G2/M. Here, we hypothesized that AZD1775, a small molecule inhibitor of Wee1 kinase, could sensitize tumor cells to IR and T-lymphocyte killing and improve responses to combination IR and programmed death (PD)-axis immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Multiple models of head and neck carcinoma, lung carcinoma and melanoma were used in vitro and in vivo to explore this hypothesis. AZD1775 reversed G2/M cell cycle checkpoint activation following IR, inducing cell death. Combination IR and AZD1775 induced accumulation of DNA damage in M-phase cells and was rescued with nucleoside supplementation, indicating mitotic catastrophe. Combination treatment enhanced control of syngeneic MOC1 tumors in vivo, and on-target effects of systemic AZD1775 could be localized with targeted IR. Combination treatment enhanced granzyme B-dependent T-lymphocyte killing through reversal of additive G2/M cell cycle block induced by IR and granzyme B. Combination IR and AZ1775-enhanced CD8+ cell-dependent MOC1 tumor growth control and rate of complete rejection of established tumors in the setting of PD-axis ICB. Functional assays demonstrated increased tumor antigen-specific immune responses in sorted T-lymphocytes. The combination of IR and AZD1775 not only lead to enhanced tumor-specific cytotoxicity, it also enhanced susceptibility to T-lymphocyte killing and responses to PD-axis ICB. These data provide the pre-clinical rationale for the combination of these therapies in the clinical trial setting.
Morphometry and Morphology of the Acetabulum Within the Black African Population of South Africa

The acetabulum is the large cup-shaped cavity on the lateral surface of the hip bone, which articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint. The morphometry and morphology of the acetabulum is important in the diagnosis and tre atme t of hip joint injuries and disease. Population specific differences exist regarding the acetabulum, therefore, this study aimed to document the morphometry and morphology of the acetabulum within a Black African population in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. A total of 100 dry hip bones (R= 44; L= 56) from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville and NRMSOM campuses) were examined for this study. The hip bones, with documented sex, were all from the Black African population. A sliding digital caliper was used to measure t he acetabular diameter, depth and acetabular notch width. The morphology of the acetabular margin was document in accordance with Govsa et al. (2005). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24 software. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The means and standard deviations of the morphometric measurements for the entire population were as f llo s: (a) acetabular diameter of 54.84 ± . 18 mm, (b) acetabular depth of 31.30 ± 3.18 mm and (c) acetabular notch width of 21.72 ± 2.98 mm. The observed shapes of the acetabular margin that were angular (41 %), curved (22 %), irregular (23 %) and straight (14 %). Kno wledge of the anatomy of the acetabulum is useful to surgeons, prosthetists, anthropologists and forensic anthropology experts. The mo rphometry and morphology of the Black African population group of KwaZulu-Natal presented with differences when compared to other populat ion groups studied in literature.
Visual Outcomes of Adding Erythropoietin to Methylprednisolone for Treatment of Retrobulbar Optic Neuritis

Abstract Purpose To compare the short-term visual function results and safety of erythropoietin as an add-on to the standard corticosteroid therapy in retrobulbar optic neuritis (RON). Methods In this prospective pilot study, adult patients with isolated RON with less than 10 days of onset were enrolled. Patients were consecutively assigned to standard intravenous methylprednisolone treatment either in combination with intravenous erythropoietin (20,000 units/day for three days) (group-1) or intravenous methylprednisolone alone (group-2). Primary outcome measure was best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), which was assessed up to 120 days from the day the treatment was begun. Systemic evaluations were performed during and after treatment. Results Sixty-two patients with RON (mean age = 26.6 ± 5.77 years; range = 18–40 years) were enrolled into the study (group-1, n = 35; group-2, n = 27). BCVA three months after the treatment was 0.19 ± 0.55 logMAR and 0.11 ± 0.32 logMAR in group-1 and group-2, respectively (95% CI: -0.61 - 0.16; P = 0.62). Change in BCVA after three months was 2.84 ± 3.49 logMAR in group-1 and 2.46 ± 1.40 logMAR in group-2 (95% CI: -0.93-1.91; P = 0.57). Pace of recovery was not significantly different between the groups. No complications were detected among patients. Conclusion Intravenous erythropoietin as an add-on did not significantly improve the visual outcome in terms of visual acuity, visual field, and contrast sensitivity compared to traditional intravenous corticosteroid. This pilot study supports the safety profile of intravenous human recombinant erythropoietin, and it may help formulate future investigations with a larger sample size.