Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transport of very low density lipoprotein triglycerides in varying degrees of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia.

Measurements of transport of triglycerides (TG) in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were carried out in 59 patients by injection of radioactive glycerol, determinations of specific activities of VLDL-TG for 48 h thereafter, and treatment of the data by multicompartmental analysis. The patients were divided into three groups: normal weight (89-120% ideal weight), mildly obese (120-135% ideal weight), and markedly obese (135% ideal weight). They had varying levels of VLDL-TG ranging from normal to markedly elevated. In many subjects, there was a positive correlation between concentrations and transport of VLDL indicating that overproduction of VLDL-TG contributed to hypertriglyceridemia. In others, and particularly in several markedly obese subjects, transport rates were greatly increased without significant hypertriglyceridemia, suggesting that they had enhanced capacity to clear TG. In all groups, however, there were patients whose degree of hypertriglyceridemia seemed out of proportion to their transport rates. This finding and the fact that many patients have increased secretion of VLDL-TG without elevated plasma TG suggests that both overproduction of VLDL-TG and insufficient enhancement of clearance contributed to the development of hypertriglyceridemia.The data showed a poor correlation between transport rates determined by our multicompartment analysis and single-exponential analysis used previously by other investigators (r = 0.46); this comparison was not improved by segregating patients according to their degree of obesity. Although two conversion pathways (fast and slow synthetic paths) were required to fit the data, there was no correlation between transport rates and the ratio of the two pathways. Also, despite the known pathway of conversion of VLDL to low density lipoprotein, no correlation was found between VLDL-TG transport rates and estimated low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations.
Falls and fear of falling: burden, beliefs and behaviours.

OBJECTIVES this study estimated the frequency of recent falls and prevalence of fear of falling among adults aged 65 and older. DESIGN a cross-sectional, list-assisted random digit dialling telephone survey of US adults from 2001 to 2003. SUBJECTS 1,709 adults aged 65 or older who spoke either English or Spanish. METHODS prevalence estimates were calculated for recent falls, fall injuries, fear of falling and fall prevention beliefs and behaviours. RESULTS an estimated 3.5 million, or 9.6%, of older adults reported falling at least once in the past 3 months. About 36.2% of all older adults said that they were moderately or very afraid of falling. Few older adults who fell in the past 3 months reported making any changes to prevent future falls. CONCLUSIONS the high prevalence of falls and fear of falling among US older adults is of concern. Both can result in adverse health outcomes including decreased quality of life, functional limitations, restricted activity and depression. Older adults' fear of falling and their reluctance to adopt behaviours that could prevent future falls should be considered when designing fall prevention programmes.
Feature selection approach for intrusion detection system based on pollination algorithm

An intrusion detection system refers to the systems which detect the security breaches in a network. The main goal of IDS is to detect the attacks and raise alarms if an attack is found. These IDS has limitation of raising false alarms and this limitation depends on improper classification of attacks due to high dimensionality of data on a network. Improper classification is due to improper feature selection. To overcome this limitation, optimization of feature selection technique is proposed in this paper. Pollination based optimization technique is proposed which eventually improves feature selection in high dimensional data of IDS and achieve reduction in false alarms.
Effect of torcetrapib on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND Levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are inversely related to cardiovascular risk. Torcetrapib, a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor, increases HDL cholesterol levels, but the functional effects associated with this mechanism remain uncertain. METHODS A total of 1188 patients with coronary disease underwent intravascular ultrasonography. After treatment with atorvastatin to reduce levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to less than 100 mg per deciliter (2.59 mmol per liter), patients were randomly assigned to receive either atorvastatin monotherapy or atorvastatin plus 60 mg of torcetrapib daily. After 24 months, disease progression was measured by repeated intravascular ultrasonography in 910 patients (77%). RESULTS After 24 months, as compared with atorvastatin monotherapy, the effect of torcetrapib-atorvastatin therapy was an approximate 61% relative increase in HDL cholesterol and a 20% relative decrease in LDL cholesterol, reaching a ratio of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol of less than 1.0. Torcetrapib was also associated with an increase in systolic blood pressure of 4.6 mm Hg. The percent atheroma volume (the primary efficacy measure) increased by 0.19% in the atorvastatin-only group and by 0.12% in the torcetrapib-atorvastatin group (P=0.72). A secondary measure, the change in normalized atheroma volume, showed a small favorable effect for torcetrapib (P=0.02), but there was no significant difference in the change in atheroma volume for the most diseased vessel segment. CONCLUSIONS The CETP inhibitor torcetrapib was associated with a substantial increase in HDL cholesterol and decrease in LDL cholesterol. It was also associated with an increase in blood pressure, and there was no significant decrease in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The lack of efficacy may be related to the mechanism of action of this drug class or to molecule-specific adverse effects. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00134173 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Psychological Characteristics of Successful and Nonsuccessful Elite Wrestlers: An Exploratory Study

Elite wrestlers (N = 39) were given a standardized questionnaire during final competition for positions on three Canadian World Wrestling teams. The questionnaire specifically focused upon psychological factors affecting both their training and competition. For data analysis, questionnaire items were combined into 17 factors. Both t-tests and simple discriminant function analyses for qualifier/nonqualifier competitive status revealed that self-confidence was the most important factor distinguishing the two groups. For the discriminant function analysis, Imagery and Factors Affecting Performance were the only factors which did not contribute to group differences. Explanations and implications of these results for sport psychology are discussed.
Rationale for PARP inhibitors in combination therapy with camptothecins or temozolomide based on PARP trapping versus catalytic inhibition

Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. (J.M., Y.P.) Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. (J.M., S.T.) National Clinical Target Validation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. (Y.Z., J.J.) Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. (J.M., J.H.D.) JPET Fast Forward. Published on March 20, 2014 as DOI:10.1124/jpet.113. 210146
Quantification of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage. Comparison of cytocentrifuge preparations with the filter method.

Controversy exists as to the appropriate methods to use in the processing of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid for total cell numbers and cellular differential analysis. It has been shown that cell losses (primarily lymphocytes) occur by the most commonly employed methods. Therefore, we examined the total cell and differential counts obtained by several methods of cytocentrifuge preparation and by the filter preparation in 46 consecutive patients with interstitial lung disease and 29 healthy volunteers undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage. The retrieved lavage fluid was pooled, and an aliquot was used to determine the total cell count, cell viability, and the differential cell count by the filter and cytocentrifuge techniques. The remaining fluid was centrifuged (800 g for 10 min), and the cell pellet was resuspended in Hank's balanced salt solution without Ca2+ and Mg2+. An aliquot of these centrifuged and resuspended cells was used for repeat determination of the cell viability, total cell count, and cellular differential by cytocentrifuge technique. Autologous serum was added to another aliquot of these centrifuged and resuspended cells to arrive at a 10% protein solution, and the cellular differential obtained by cytocentrifuged preparation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Influence of labor and route of delivery on the frequency of respiratory morbidity in term neonates.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to compare the frequency of respiratory morbidity (RDS-Type I, RDS-Type II and PFC) in term neonates relative to three different delivery modes (cesarean delivery without labor, cesarean in labor, vaginal delivery). METHODS A case-control study was performed consisting of 692 maternal/neonate pairs at term gestation with either a documented mature lung profile at an obstetrical age > or = 37 weeks' gestation or a Dubowitz age > or = 38 weeks' gestation. RESULTS Overall, the frequency of neonatal respiratory morbidity was 5.1%. Neonatal respiratory morbidity was observed in 23 (12.4%) of 186 cases when cesarean delivery was performed prior to the onset of labor; in 10 (5.6%) of 177 cases when the cesarean delivery was performed after labor had ensued; and in 2 (0.6%) of 329 cases when the fetus was delivered vaginally (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The frequency of respiratory morbidity in term neonates is influenced by labor and route of delivery, and it is highest when cesarean delivery is performed prior to the onset of labor.
The acquisition of Italian morphology: implications for models of language development

ABSTRACT This study explores the spontaneous acquisition of Italian inflectional morphology by three children (age range 1;4–3;0). Longitudinal, free speech samples are examined, focusing on the development of the morphological paradigms of Italian verbs, pronouns and articles. Data analysis is conducted using criteria appropriate to allow reliable cross-linguistic comparisons with data from English. By this means we evaluate the plausibility of a nativist, parameter-setting account of language development in Italian and English, as recently proposed for these two languages. Results show that the general developmental patterns observed in Italian are not significantly different from those found in English. These findings are not consistent with current interpretations of parameter-setting accounts of language development. Alternative explanatory models are discussed.
Empirical Evidence on Ownership Structure, Management Control and Agency Costs

We present new empirical evidence on the agency costs which emerge from the vertical (ownership versus control) and horizontal (majority versus minority) agency problems. Using a cross-section of 55,970 public and private firms, we document that agency costs increase as firms move from a single owner/single manager ownership structure to more complicated ownership structures. Within each ownership structure, agency costs are significantly higher when firms are not managed by owners. We find that bank monitoring has a significant positive impact on the performance of private firms. We also show that agency costs are lower in firms with shared control of ownership. Further, we find that horizontal agency costs are lower in firms where control is contestable.
Integrin α3 subunit regulates events linked to epithelial repair, including keratinocyte migration and protein expression

Two integrins, α3β1 and α6β4, are high‐affinity receptors for laminin 332, the major laminin isoform of the dermal–epidermal junction, although they are thought to have different functions. Biological and genetic studies have firmly established that the α6β4 integrin is indispensable for the stable anchorage of the epidermis to the underlying dermis. In contrast, the α3β1 integrin is thought to be important for cell migration, although the issue is controversial, and both positive and negative effects have been reported. To address the function of α3β1 integrin, we used small interfering RNA to down‐regulate the α3 subunit in human keratinocytes. The resulting phenotype indicates that lack of α3β1 integrin compromises intercellular adhesion and collective migration, while it enhances single cell migration with a concomitant increase of both focal adhesion kinase and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase. In addition, down‐regulation of integrin α3 subunit results in an increased expression of fibronectin and precursor laminin 332, two extracellular matrix proteins known to be up‐regulated during wound healing. Thus, down‐regulation of α3β1 integrin recapitulates crucial events governing keratinocyte migration associated with wound healing and tissue repair.
Vitamin D supplementation increases the attractiveness of males' scent for female Iberian rock lizards

Evolutionary theory proposes that signals used in sexual selection can only be stable if they are honest and condition dependent. However, despite the fact that chemical signals are used by many animals, empirical research has mainly focused on visual and acoustic signals. Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for lizards, but in some lizards its precursor (cholesta-5,7-dien-3-ol=provitamin D) is found in femoral gland secretions, which males use for scent marking and intraspecific communication. By allocating provitamin D to secretions, males might need to divert vitamin D from metabolism. This might be costly and condition dependent. We tested whether diet quality affected chemical signals of male Iberian rock lizards (Lacerta monticola) and its consequences for sexual selection. After experimental supplementation of dietary vitamin D, males increased the proportion of provitamin D in femoral secretions. Further experiments showed that females detected these changes in males' signals by chemosensory cues, and discriminated provitamin D, and changes in its concentration, from similar steroids (i.e. cholesterol) found in secretions. Moreover, females preferred areas scent marked by males with more provitamin D in their secretions. This mechanism would confer honesty to chemical signals of male lizards, and, thus, females may rely on it to select high-quality males. We suggest that the allocation of vitamins and other essential nutrients to either visual (e.g. carotenoids) or chemical ornaments might be the common basis of honest sexual displays in many animals.
DACTYLOGYRIDS (MONOGENOIDEA) PARASITIZING THE GILLS OF SPINEFOOTS (TELEOSTEI: SIGANIDAE): PROPOSAL OF GLYPHIDOHAPTOR N. GEN., WITH TWO NEW SPECIES FROM THE GREAT BARRIER REEF, AUSTRALIA, AND G. PLECTOCIRRA N. COMB. FROM RAS MOHAMMED NATIONAL PARK, EGYPT

Nine species of Siganus (Perciformes: Siganidae) were examined for dactylogyrids (Monogenoidea) from the Red Sea, Egypt; the Great Barrier Reef, Australia; and the South China Sea, China. Species of Tetrancistrum were found on siganids from all 3 localities; Pseudohaliotrema spp. were restricted to siganids from the Great Barrier Reef; and species representing Glyphidohaptor n. gen. were found on siganids from the Red Sea and Great Barrier Reef. Siganus argenteus from the Red Sea and Siganus vulpinus from the Great Barrier Reef were negative for dactylogyrid parasites. Glyphidohaptor n. gen. is proposed for 3 species (2 species new to science) and the new species are described: Glyphidohaptor phractophallus n. sp. from Siganus fuscescens from the Great Barrier Reef; Glyphidohaptor sigani n. sp. from Siganus doliatus (type host), Siganus punctatus, Siganus corallinus, and Siganus lineatus from the Great Barrier Reef; and Glyphidohaptor plectocirra (Paperna, 1972) n. comb. (=Pseudohaliotrema plectocirra Paperna, 1972) from Siganus luridus and Siganus rivulatus from the Red Sea.
Longitudinal rotation: a new way to detect the cardiotoxicity of anthracycline-based chemotherapy in breast cancer patients

Background and aims The study was to compare cardiac parameters before and after anthracycline-based chemotherapy and identify a parameter for detecting cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients. Methods Cardiac function in 43 female breast cancer patients was evaluated at three time points: baseline, 1-3 days before the initiation of anthracycline-based chemotherapy; 3 weeks and 6 months after the final cycle of chemotherapy. At each visit, the peak longitudinal velocity; strain rate; peak systolic strain; peak systolic longitudinal displacement, and segmental and global longitudinal rotation degrees of the left ventricular were measured. Results The peak early-diastole left ventricular wall velocity at baseline was significantly higher than the values at 3 weeks and 6 months after the final cycle of chemotherapy. The absolute value of the lateral wall peak systolic longitudinal rotation degrees was significantly higher at baseline than at 3 weeks and 6 months after the final cycle of chemotherapy, whereas the absolute value of the global peak systolic longitudinal rotation degrees at baseline was significantly lower than the values at 3 weeks and 6 months after the final cycle of chemotherapy. None of the measured parameters differed significantly between the 3 weeks and 6 months after the final cycle of chemotherapy. Conclusions Cardiac diastolic and systolic dysfunction was found after anthracycline-based chemotherapy in this study, and the peak systolic longitudinal rotation degrees can be used to detect dysfunction after chemotherapy. The cardiotoxicity of epirubicin-based chemotherapy is stronger than that of therarubicin-based chemotherapy.
Lymphoproliferative responses in cord blood and at one year: no evidence for the effect of in utero exposure to dust mite allergens

Background Maternal allergen exposure beyond the 22nd week of pregnancy may be important in foetal T cell priming. Allergen‐specific cord blood mononuclear cell (CBMC) immunoproliferative responses without corresponding bacterial antigen responses (tetanus toxoid), have been suggested as evidence of in utero sensitization.
Effects of SR141716A on ethanol and sucrose self-administration.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that administration of central cannabinoid receptor (CB1) ligands can produce marked effects on ingestive behaviors. However, the possible relationship to ethanol self-administration has not been fully examined. The present series of experiments was designed to characterize further the role of CB1 receptors in appetitive and consummatory behaviors related to sucrose and ethanol. METHODS To determine the relative contribution of CB1 receptors to ethanol seeking and consumption, a series of experiments was designed using the sipper-tube model. In this paradigm, the appetitive and consummatory phases of ethanol and sucrose self-administration are separated. In the appetitive phase, animals are required to complete a response requirement (16 lever presses) within 20 min. If the requirement is successfully completed, access to a sipper tube containing either sucrose or ethanol (consummatory phase) is made available for 20 min. RESULTS In the ethanol condition, the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A (0.3-3.0 mg/kg, ip) produced dose-related decreases in the probability of response requirement completion without significantly affecting latency to first lever press or overall lever press rate. In the sucrose condition, SR141716A (0.3-3.0 mg/kg, ip) increased first lever press latency without affecting lever press rate. In the consummatory phase, SR141716A (0.3-3.0 mg/kg, ip) administration markedly decreased total intake and the total number of licks for both ethanol and sucrose. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that CB1 receptors are involved in mediating both appetitive and consummatory aspects of ingestive behaviors related to sucrose and ethanol.
Genetic and phenotypic trends for age at first calving and milk yield and compositions in Holstein dairy cows

Calving records from the Animal Breeding Center of Iran collected from January 1990 to December 2007 and comprising 207 106 first calving events of Holsteins from 2 506 herds were analysed using linear sire models to estimate genetic trends for age at first calving (AFC) and milk traits. Genetic trends were obtained by regressing yearly mean estimates of breeding values on year of birth. In general, there were decreasing genetic trends for AFC, fat percentage and protein percentage over the years but there were increasing genetic trends for milk yield, mature-equivalent milk yield, fat yield, mature-equivalent fat yield, protein yield and mature-equivalent protein yield over the years. On the other hand, there was a decreasing phenotypic trend for AFC but estimates of phenotypic trends were positive for milk yield and compositions over the years. It seems that the decline in calving age in this study over time resulted primarily from increased turnover rate and increased culling of heifers that failed to get pregnant. On the other hand, increasing trend for yield traits over time in this study indicated that Iranian dairy producers were successful in choosing progressively better semen and sires from imported and local sources over the years.
Interindividual differences in the pituitary‐thyroid axis influence the interpretation of thyroid function tests

OBJECTIVE We investigated interindividual differences in the shape, slope and setpoint of the pituitary‐thyroid axis (PTA) in normal persons. Based on these physiological data we propose a novel bivariate concept for the interpretation of thyroid function tests which is less biased by interindividual differences in the PTA than the currently used univariate approach.
A Novel Bayes' Theorem-Based Saliency Detection Model

SUMMARY We propose a novel saliency detection model based on Bayes’ theorem. The model integrates the two parts of Bayes’ equation to measure saliency, each part of which was considered separately in the previous models. The proposed model measures saliency by computing local kernel density estimation of features in the center-surround region and global kernel density estimation of features at each pixel across the whole image. Under the proposed model, a saliency detection method is presented that extracts DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) magnitude of lo-cal region around each pixel as the feature. Experiments show that the proposed model not only performs competitively on psychological patterns and better than the current state-of-the-art models on human visual ﬁxation data, but also is robust against signal uncertainty.