Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Ice Age spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss 1823) population, their excrements and prey from the Late Pleistocene hyena den of the Sloup Cave in the Moravian Karst, Czech Republic

A Late Pleistocene spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss 1823) population from the cave bear den Sloup Cave, Moravia (Czech Republic) consists of mainly adult/senior and few cub/juvenile remains and coprolites, and 139 prey bones. Hyenas used the Nicová Cave branch that is connected to the entrance area mainly as a communal den site. Prey bone damage is most visible on the imported woolly rhinoceros remains. The partly excavated prey bone accumulation consists of a single woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius (Blumenbach 1799) tooth (2%), mainly Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach 1807) remains (16%), 4% Bos primigenius (Bojanus 1827) and 1% each of Megaloceros giganteus (Blumenbach 1799) and Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus 1758). The other carnivores such as Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss 1810), Gulo gulo (Linnaeus 1758) and Canis lupus (Linnaeus 1758) subsp. are less represented (1–3%). Wolverines might have been imported also as prey remains, whereas wolves also possibly used this cave on a short-term basis, whereas steppe lions seem to have preyed upon cave bears deeper in the cave periodically, where even skeletons of P. leo spelaea were found in the Elisabeth Cave part.
A low-cost alternative DQPSK receiver based on a polarization maintaining fiber

We propose and demonstrate a low-cost alternative scheme to detect 40 Gbps optical differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) signals. The scheme is based on a polarization maintaining fiber, in which a phase shift keying (PSK) signal is converted into a polarization shift keying (PolSK) signal. Then, the PolSK signal is converted into two intensity modulation signals by a polarization beam splitter. Compared with the conventional DQPSK receiver based on two delay interferometers, our proposed receiver is simpler since the inand quadrature-phase demodulation paths share the same hardware. Moreover, the total cost is reduced due to fewer components used in our proposed receiver. Demodulation of 40 Gbps nonreturn to zero (NRZ) DQPSK and return to zero (RZ) DQPSK signals are demonstrated through simulations. Performance of the proposed receiver is analyzed through sensitivity, narrow optical filtering and polarization mode dispersion tolerance. Simulation results show that the proposed receiver performed as well as the conventional receiver.
Effects of elevated CO 2 and water stress on the adaptation of stomata and gas exchange in leaves of eggplants ( Solanum melongena L.)

Effects and possible interaction of elevated CO 2 and water stress on the stomatal morphology and the pattern of gas exchange in leaves of eggplants ( Solanum melongena L. cv. Senryo No. 2) were investigated. Sedlings were grown to maturity in controlled growth chamber using ambient CO 2 (365~370 ppm) and elevated CO 2 (700 ppm) and at frequent watering as control and watering after every 21 days for simulating periodic water stress and recovery from stress. A complementary acclimatisation of photosynthesis in water stressed eggplants grown under elevated CO 2 was evident. Despite decreased stomatal conductance and transpiration rate under elevated CO 2 conditions, increased net leaf photosynthesis rate was observed. Stomatal length and width decreased under water stress and increased CO 2 . Key words: Water stress; Adaptation; Eggplant; Gas exchange; Stomatal density; Transpiration rate DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjb.v40i1. 7985 Bangladesh J. Bot. 40 (1): 1-8, 2011 (June)
Effect of Kefir on the Gene Expression Profiles of GSTM 1 and GSTT 1 with Antioxidant Deffence in the Environment of Detoxification of Aflatoxin an in Vivo Study

This study has been achieved to observe the effects of low dose aflatoxin in mice on lipid peroxidation. antioxidant enzyme activitiy. some functional hepatic enzymes together with histopathological findings in tissue and gen expressions that codes the antioxidant enzymes and investigate the activities on reducing or completely eliminating these effects of the kefir contents. Study has been performed on four groups by applying 300 ppb AFB1. 300 ppb AFB1+30 ml/kg kefir. 30 ml/kg kefir together with standard diet during 45 days and control (standard diet) to Swiss albino mice which are average 12 weeks age. In the study ALT. AST. LDH and albumin measurements were performed by auto-analyzer. MDA. GSH and GST activity by spectrophotometric method and GSTM1 and GSTT1 gen expressions were analyzed by using RT-PCR. Tissues were observed to evaluate the histopathological differences by haematoxylin-eosin (H.E.) staining. When our findings have been considered. we observed a weight loss in AFB1 group while weigt gain was concordant with the control group in kefir consumed group together with AFB1. We observed a significant difference (p<0.05) between kefir given group together with aflatoxin and aflatoxin given group in ALT and LDH values. While the lipid peroxidation (MDA) increased significantly in aflatoxin given group with respect to the control group. the decrease in MDA was significant in kefir given group together with aflatoxin (p<0.01). In parallel with this finding. We observed a statistically significant difference in GSH concentration and GST activity between two groups. GSTM1 gen expression profiles were statistically significant in aflatoxin and aflatoxin+kefir groups (p<0.05). In histopathological investigations of the liver and kidney. necrosis were recognized in AFB1 given group while there was an evident decrease in the intensity of lesions in the kefir given group together with aflatoxin. These positive effects might depend on the possibility that the probiotic microorganisms and organic compounds in the kefir drink might support the antioxidant defence in the body by effecting the phase II reaction of the xenobiotic metabolism.
Cosmic ray induced explosive chemical desorption in dense clouds

The desorption due to the energy release of free radicals in the ice mantles of a dust grain is investigated theoretically by calculating the ultraviolet radiation field inside the cloud, the free radical accumulation, the cosmic-ray heating of the grain and then the desorption in this situation starting from the cosmic-ray energy spectra. This model can reproduce the observations of the CO gas abundances and level of depletion in dark clouds such as L977 and IC 5146 with a combination of input parameters which are either constrained by independent observations or have been derived independently from laboratory experiments. We investigate other desorption mechanisms and conclude that they cannot explain the observations. The model also shows that the energy input by the cosmic-ray induced ultraviolet field is almost one order of magnitude larger than the direct energy input by cosmic-ray particles. This strengthens the conclusion that desorption due to the energy release by ultraviolet photon produced radicals dominates over direct cosmic-ray desorption.
- 0101 Face Processing : The N 170 ERP Component in Autism

of a thesis at the University of Miami. Thesis supervised by Professor Peter Mundy. (74) Face processing deficits appear early in autism and greatly impact subsequent development. In this paper, the N170 component, an event-related brain potential sensitive to face processing, is examined in children with autism and typical development. The N170 amplitude was sensitive to group differences, as children with typical development showed greater differentiation to upright vs. inverted stimuli and faces vs. vehicles than children with autism. The N170 was also delayed in children with autism. The N170 was not a sensitive marker of individual differences in social behavior and autistic symptomology, but the proceeding positive peak, the P1, was a sensitive marker of individual differences in children with typical development. Results suggest that children with autism and children with typical development employ different face processing strategies, even for the basic encoding of a face.
Effect of Implant Location on Palateless Complete Overdenture Retention: an In Vitro Study

ABSTRACT Objectives The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate effect of implant location on initial retention values of palateless complete overdentures retained by four o-rings at different inter-implant distances. Material and Methods Two standard acrylic models representing completely edentulous maxillary arches were used. Four single piece ball type implants were placed in each model. Models were divided into two groups according to the distance between anterior and posterior implants. Two canine implants with 32 mm inter-implant distance were placed in both models. In one model (G1), two posterior implants were placed in second premolar region away from canine implants by 14 mm on both sides, while in the other model (G2), the two posterior implants were placed in first molar region away from canine implants by 22 mm on both sides. Eighteen palateless complete overdentures were constructed for each model. Overdentures were retained by four o-rings. Initial axial (central), and para-axial (anterior, posterior, and lateral) retention values of overdentures were estimated and compared using a universal testing machine. Results Independent t-test revealed that implant location has a significant role in palateless complete overdenture retention with a level of significance set at P < 0.05. Conclusions For in vitro simulated palateless implant overdentures retained by four o-rings, increasing the inter-implant distance between anterior and posterior implants is favourable for a more retentive prosthesis.
Social Information Processing and Reactive and Proactive Aggression among Children with ADHD

This study examined the social information processing qualities among children with reactive and proactive aggression among children with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). It enrolled a total of 112 Saudi school children (62 boys, 50 girls; mean age = 9.26 years, SD = 1.98) of which 51 were diagnosed with ADHD and 61 typically developing peers. Data on children’s social informational processing and type of aggression displayed were gathered and analyzed for group differences by diagnosis and gender within diagnosis. Findings suggest gaps in social information processing and elevated aggression levels among children with ADHD compared to typical others. Male children with ADHD to present mostly with proactive aggression and self-serving information processing. Female ADHD were characterized by reactive aggression and selective information processing. Implicit socialization processes might explain the differences in social information processing and type of aggression among male and female students with Arabic culture background.
Voice Denumerability in Polyphonic Music of Homogeneous Timbres

An experiment was carried out to determine limitations in listeners' abilities to identify the number of concurrently sounding voices in polyphonic textures. As the number of concurrent voices in a musical texture increases, expert musicians are both slower to respond to the addition of new voices and more prone to identify incorrectly the number of voices present. For musical textures employing relatively homogeneous timbres, the accuracy of identifying the number of concurrent voices drops markedly at the point where a three-voice texture is augmented to four voices. Beyond three voices, confusions become commonplace; the most frequent type of confusion is underestimation of the number of voices present. Voice entries were found to be perceived more easily than voice exits, and entries of outer voices were found to be identified more easily than entries of inner voices. Compared with a nonmusician subject, musicians were found to be more accurate and consistent in denumerating concurrent voices—suggesting that an awareness of textural density may be a musically relevant skill.
Effects of vortex filaments on the velocity of tracers and heavy particles in turbulence

The Lagrangian statistics of heavy particles and of fluid tracers transported by a fully developed turbulent flow are investigated by means of high resolution direct numerical simulations. The Lagrangian velocity structure functions are measured in a time range spanning about three decades, from a tenth of the Kolmogorov time scale, τη, up to a few large-scale eddy turnover times. Strong evidence is obtained that fluid tracer statistics are contaminated in the time range τ∊[1:10]τη by a bottleneck effect due to vortex filament. This effect is found to be significantly reduced for heavy particles which are expelled from vortices by inertia. These findings help in clarifying the results of a recent study by H. Xu et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 024503 (2006)], where differences between experimental and numerical results on scaling properties of fluid tracers were reported.
Green tobacco sickness and protective behaviors among Thai traditional tobacco farmers in northern Thailand

Background : Thai traditional tobacco is mainly produced in Nan Province in the northern region of Thailand. Thai traditional tobacco ( Nicotiana Tabacum L . ) is a non-Virginia type. Health consequences of traditional tobacco exposure include vomiting, nausea, headache, and dizziness that result from acute nicotine poisoning caused by dermal absorption of nicotine from mature tobacco plants, which is defined as Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS). Farmers’ use of protective equipment may be important to protect them from such negative health effects. Methods: This study aimed to characterize the association between GTS and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) among Thai traditional tobacco farmers in Nan province. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 473 Thai traditional tobacco farmers in Praputthabath sub-district and Phatow sub-district in Nan province. The farmers were randomly selected and subsequently interviewed using standardized questionnaires. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were employed to examine relationships between the dependent and independent variables. Results: GTS was statistically significantly associated with farmers’ uses of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as plastic aprons and masks and farmers’ good practice of changing wet clothes after work that the direction of association mean the farmers who wore a plastic apron or mask had risk of GTS lower than who did not use it and changing wet clothes was risk of GTS lower than in who did not change. However, GTS risk was not related to use of gloves. It is worth noting that almost all of the farmers used rubber latex gloves. This might paradoxically increase nicotine absorption due to the hot climate promoting sweating on the farmers’ hands. A number of famers always tried to use some form of self-protection to protect themselves from nicotine exposure while working, even though some of the PPE they chose may not be effective enough to protect them from GTS. For example, some farmers believed that wearing rubber latex gloves or plastic gloves would be helpful when in fact these gloves could not offer them protection from exposure to nicotine. Conclusions: Based on the study finding of strong difference association between good practices of wearing mask, plastic apron, changing wet clothes after work and GTS, it is recommended that such practice should be promoted among Thai traditional tobacco farmers.
Motivation for Participation in Physical Activity: A Comparison of Parent–Child Perceived Competencies and Participation Motives

An important issue facing sport psychology researchers as well as practitioners is understanding the motives of children involved in youth sport programs. The present study extended previous work in this area by examining parental perceptions of their children’s motivations and perceived competencies in addition to the typically assessed variables of youth-reported motives and perceived competencies. Eighty-one children and one of their parents from a youth soccer league served as subjects for this study. Results indicated that children and parents alike ranked intrinsic motives such as feeling good and having fun as primary reasons for participation. In addition, both parents and children rated external reasons as the lowest priorities for participation. Multivariate analyses of variance indicated that children rated all the motive subscales more positively than their parents. No significant relationships were found between perceived competencies and motives.
Identification and Validation of EST-Derived Molecular Markers, TRAP and VNTRs, for Banana Research

The advent of high-throughput sequencing technology has generated abundant information on DNA sequences for the genomes of many plant species. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs), which are unique DNA sequences derived from a cDNA library and therefore representing genes transcribed in specific tissues or at some stage of development, are one type of DNA sequences highly available today for many important crop species. Molecular markers are used for bridging DNA sequence information with particular phenotypes and are useful tools for genotyping germplasm collections and also for tagging genes involved in desirable agronomic traits. In this sense, there is always a strong demand for suitable marker techniques to better utilise existing sequence information. A transcriptome database from banana (Musa spp.), DATAMusa, containing 42,724 ESTs from 11 different cDNA libraries and encompassing approximately 24 Mb of DNA sequence, was used in this study for the design of primers to PCR-amplify two types of EST-derived molecular markers, Variable Nucleotide Tandem Repeat (VNTR) and Target Region Amplification Polymorphism (TRAP). These primers were then validated against a panel of 14 diploid Musa genotypes and produced 32 (VNTR) and 119 (TRAP) alleles. Used separately or together, both types of markers were able to discriminate Musa genotypes from different genome background (A or B genomes). The TRAP alleles identified were derived from only one EST, while the VNTR alleles were derived from 12 unigenes. Based on the results of this study, EST-derived markers can be an important source of polymorphism to be used in genetic diversity and gene discovery studies in banana
Type-Driven Gradual Security with References

In security-typed programming languages, types statically enforce noninterference between potentially conspiring values, such as the arguments and results of functions. But to adopt static security types, like other advanced type disciplines, programmers face a steep wholesale transition, often forcing them to refactor working code just to satisfy their type checker. To provide a gentler path to security typing that supports safe and stylish but hard-to-verify programming idioms, researchers have designed languages that blend static and dynamic checking of security types. Unfortunately, most of the resulting languages only support static, type-based reasoning about noninterference if a program is entirely statically secured. This limitation substantially weakens the benefits that dynamic enforcement brings to static security typing. Additionally, current proposals are focused on languages with explicit casts and therefore do not fulfill the vision of gradual typing, according to which the boundaries between static and dynamic checking only arise from the (im)precision of type annotations and are transparently mediated by implicit checks. In this article, we present GSLRef, a gradual security-typed higher-order language with references. As a gradual language, GSLRef supports the range of static-to-dynamic security checking exclusively driven by type annotations, without resorting to explicit casts. Additionally, GSLRef lets programmers use types to reason statically about termination-insensitive noninterference in all programs, even those that enforce security dynamically. We prove that GSLRef satisfies all but one of Siek et al.’s criteria for gradually-typed languages, which ensure that programs can seamlessly transition between simple typing and security typing. A notable exception regards the dynamic gradual guarantee, which some specific programs must violate if they are to satisfy noninterference; it remains an open question whether such a language could fully satisfy the dynamic gradual guarantee. To realize this design, we were led to draw a sharp distinction between syntactic type safety and semantic type soundness, each of which constrains the design of the gradual language.
Statistical Interaction In The Survival Analysis Of Early Breast Cancer Using Registry Data

Purpose: An interaction analysis is used to investigate subgroup effects between breast conserving surgery, radiotherapy and nodal status in early breast cancer. Patients and methods: Women selected from the SEER database, aged 40-69 with non metastasized T1-T2 breast cancer and in whom axillary node dissection was performed. The method uses proportional hazards regression models with interaction terms. Steps of the analysis are detailed. Results: Significant statistical interactions were found between breast conserving surgery, radiotherapy , nodal involvement and T stage. In an integrated factorial presentation of results, patients undergoing breast conserving surgery without radiotherapy were not at survival disadvantage as compared with patients undergoing mastectomy, irrespective of T-stage and irrespective of nodal involvement. However, the addition of radiotherapy to breast conserving surgery was associated with a distinct survival advantage observed in all T stage and all levels of nodal involvement. Conclusion: The analysis of interactions provides a comprehensive view of complex subgroup effects. The formal presentation of results might be useful as a framework to generate hypotheses for further investigations.
Dynamic Levels in Classical and Romantic Keyboard Music: Effect of Musical Mode

An analysis of dynamic markings in 140 works representing three musical periods (Classical, early Romantic, late Romantic) is reported. We tested the hypothesis that minor-mode music from the Romantic period is more likely to exhibit louder dynamic levels than minor-mode music from the Classical period. This hypothesis was motivated by the theory that in the Romantic period, in addition to conveying sadness, the minor mode was more likely to be used to convey affects that are associated with higher dynamic levels, such as seriousness, passion or aggression. Our analysis showed no absolute differences regarding the notated dynamic levels of the minor-mode pieces. However, regardless of the musical mode, pieces from the earlier period exhibited higher dynamic levels than pieces from the later periods. This effect is attributable to a decrease in dynamics for major-mode pieces in later musical periods, while minor-mode pieces do not show a change in dynamics over time. Using the mean dynamic level for each period as a reference, these observations are consistent with the theory that Romantic music is more likely than Classical music to employ the minor mode to represent or convey affects that are associated with higher dynamic levels.