Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparisons of Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

Historically, most researchers conducting factor analysis have used exploratory methods. However, more recenLly, confirmatory factor analytic methods have been developed that can directly test theory either during factor rotation using "best fit" rotation methods or during factor extraction, as with the LISREL computer programs developed by K. G. Joreskog et al. (1986). This study provides a heuristic example that illustrates some comparisons between statistical results obtained using exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic techniques with a data set of scores of 145 junior high school students on 26 psychological tests. The first analysis used exploratory factor extraction of orthogonal principal components followed by confirmatory rotation to determine goodness of fit. The second analysis used confirmatory extraction of five factors based on theoretical expectations. Results indicate that exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic procedures can yield different results. While exploratory methods are an invaluable aid in the initial structuring of behavioral constructs, confirmatory methods serve the researcher in the affirmation or rejection of models derived using theoretical considerations or exploratory factor analytic techniques. Seven tables present the data set. An appendix lists the tests taken by the students, and a second appendix gives -he LISREL commands for running the second analysis. A 34-item list of references is included. (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Eight Distinct Types of Great Harm Caused by Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Exposures and the Mechanism that Causes Them

The document that follows was, in its original form, sent to many of the authorities of the European Union, in conjunction with other documents sent to the same people by a group of European scientists. It was in response two documents that were, in turn, written by Mr. Ryan and Dr. Vinciūnas responding to a large group of European and other international scientists expressing great concern about the safety of 5G. I was asked by the leaders of the group of scientists to write my own response to those two documents. Mr. Ryan made the statement that “There is consistent evidence presented by national and international bodies (International Commission on Non Ionising Radiation Protection ICNIRP, Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) that exposure to electromagnetic fields does not represent a health risk, if it remains below the limits set by Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC1. ” In fact, that is not either the ICNIRP or SCENIHR position – their position, and similar positions have been taken by the U.S. FCC, FDA and the National Cancer Institute, is that the evidence is inconsistent or conflicting and therefore, in their view, no conclusions can be drawn. Some of these organization have also stated that there is no known mechanism by which effects can be produced. What is shown below is that there is a vast amount of evidence in the independent scientific literature that conflicts with both the conclusion about lack of demonstrated effects and the conclusion about lack of mechanism.
Influence of Genetic Variation on Morphological Diversity in Accessions of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni

Stevia rebaudiana, a non caloric natural sweetener is currently the available substitute to sugar. It is a genus of about 150 species of herbs and shrubs, a Compositae and a native to Paraguay. The aim of this study was to evaluate collected accessions of stevia and characterize their genetic divergence. In 2010, 10 stevia accessions were collected across different locations in Malaysia. At maturity they were evaluated using morphological parameters and collected data were subjected to‘t’ test analysis at p<. 05 as follows-(i) Plant heights: MS012 & SBK were significant at p<. 001 and p<. 002 respectively. (ii) Number of branches: BGI & SBK were significant at p<. 001 and p<. 008 respectively. (iii) Number of corymbs: AZI was significant at p<. 000, while BGI was significant at p<. 033. (iv) Number of leaves: MS012 & MS007 were respectively significant at p<. 000 and p<. 008. (v) Plant leaf size: AZI was significant at p<. 003, MS007 at p<. 005, and MS012 at p<. 019 and (vi) stem girth: MS012 & MRG were also significantly different at p<. 000 and p<. 001 respectively. MSO12, MS007 & SBK had loads of promising genetic traits in studied accessions.
Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the forest floor carbon balance over the growing season in a boreal pine forest

Boreal forests play a key role in the global carbon cycle and are facing rapid shifts in nitrogen availability with poorly understood consequences for ecosystem function and global climate change. We quantified the effects of increasing nitrogen availability on carbon fluxes from a relatively understudied component of these forests – the forest floor – at three intervals over the summer growing period in a northern Swedish Scots pine stand. Nitrogen addition altered both the uptake and release of carbon dioxide from the forest floor, but the magnitude and direction of this effect depended on the time during the growing season and the amount of nitrogen added. Specifically, nitrogen addition stimulated net forest floor carbon uptake only in the late growing season. We find evidence for species-specific control of forest floor carbon sink strength, as photosynthesis per unit ground area was positively correlated only with the abundance of the vascular plant Vaccinium myrtillus and no others. Comparison of understorey vegetation photosynthesis and respiration from the study site indicates that understorey vegetation photosynthate was mainly supplying respiratory demands for much of the year. Only in the late season with nitrogen addition did understorey vegetation appear to experience a large surplus of carbon in excess of respiratory requirements. Further work, simultaneously comparing all major biomass and respiratory carbon fluxes in forest floor and tree vegetation, is required to resolve the likely impacts of environmental changes on whole-ecosystem carbon sequestration in boreal forests.
Hydrides: Solid State Transition Metal Complexes

At present, some 50 different homoleptic transition (T) metal hydride complexes are known to occur in over 127 compounds that cover 47 structure types. The complexes form with T elements from group seven (Mn) to closed d-shell elements of group twelve (Zn). While the great majority are centred by one T-metal atom and display up to nine terminal hydrogen ligands, some are centred by two (Ru, Pt), four (Rh, Ni), or more (Ru, Rh) and display both terminal and bridging hydrogen ligands, and/or TT metal bonds. The structural and electronic configurations are consistent with those usually found in coordination compounds. The complexes are stabilized by charge transfer from the surrounding cation matrix, are often 18-electron, and less often 16- or 14-electron. Some hydride structures show evidence for metal–metal interactions as in typically interstitial metal hydrides while others contain additional hydride anions (H−) bonded to electropositive metals only, such as in saline hydrides. No HH bond formation is observed. Most hydrides are nonmetallic and many are colored. Some, however, show hydrogenation induced complex formation and metal-to-insulator transitions. The systems generally display very high volume efficiencies for hydrogen storage but are thermally too stable and/or too expensive for practical applications. Thermodynamic data suggest that their enthalpy of formation scales with the thermal stability of the binary hydrides of the electropositive metal constituents. Keywords: transition metal hydrido complexes; hydrogen storage; crystal chemistry; HH repulsions; metal–hydrogen bonds; metal–metal bonds; mononuclear complexes; polynuclear complexes; order-disorder transitions; 18-electron rule
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTING RUMEN-PROTECTED METHIONINE ON SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF IRANIAN RAYENI CASHMERE GOAT

Objective: This study was set to investigate whether the administration of ruminally protected methionine as a supplement on lactating goats could have been some toxic effects on serum biochemistry. Methods: Thirty adult (3-4 years old) female Rayeni goats were randomly divided into two groups as follow: control and treatment groups each contain thirty goats. Goats in both groups were fed on the pasture. Goats of the treatment group received Mepron® (Degussa Corporation, Germany) at 5 g (i.e. 3 g methionine) per head per day. On Days 30 and 60, blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 min. Samples were analyzed for Total Bilirubin (TBIL), Direct Bilirubin (DBIL), Total Serum Protein (TP), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartateaminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase( ALT) and Serum concentration of Albumin ( Alb) using a CX7/CX7 serum chemistry analyzer. Results :There was no significant difference between TBIL, DBIL, TP, BUN, ALP, AST, ALT and Alb in treatment groups in comparison to control groups on days 30 and60 (P>0.05). Conclusions: Results showed that administration of methionine supplementation in lactating goats doesn’t have any blood and hepatotoxic effects. Considering nontoxic and safe nature of methionine, it can be one of the suitable choices to improve milk yield postpartum, cashmere yield and quality without any adverse effects.
Running head: Peer-victimisation and loneliness Cognitive mediators of the effect of peer-victimisation on loneliness

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Finite Element Modelling for Static and Free Vibration Response of Functionally Graded Beam

A 1D Finite Element model for static response and free vibration analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) beam is presented in this work. The FE model is based on efficient zig-zag theory (ZIGT) with two noded beam element having four degrees of freedom at each node. Linear interpolation is used for the axial displacement and cubic hermite interpolation is used for the deflection. Out of a large variety of FGM systems available, Al/SiC and Ni/Al2O3 metal/ceramic FGM system has been chosen. Modified rule of mixture (MROM) is used to calculate the young's modulus and rule of mixture (ROM) is used to calculate density and poisson's ratio of FGM beam at any point. The MATLAB code based on 1D FE zigzag theory for FGM elastic beams is developed. A 2D FE model for the same elastic FGM beam has been developed using ABAQUS software. An 8-node biquadratic plane stress quadrilateral type element is used for modeling in ABAQUS. Three different end conditions namely simply-supported, cantilever and clamped- clamped are considered. The deflection, normal stress and shear stress has been reported for various models used. Eigen Value problem using subspace iteration method is solved to obtain un-damped natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes. The results predicted by the 1D FE model have been compared with the 2D FE results and the results present in open literature. This proves the correctness of the model. Finally, mode shapes have also been plotted for various FGM systems.
Comment on "Streamflow input to Lake Athabasca, Canada" by Rasouli et al. (2013)

This comment paper addresses data and analysis issues in a paper entitled "Streamflow Input to Lake Athabasca, Canada" by Rasouli et al. (2013). Analyses of observed and naturalized lake level data for Lake Athabasca are redone in this comment paper with corrected hydrometric data to provide northerners and researchers with the correct information for environmental assessments. The comment paper also highlights the importance of including in the analysis not only direct inflows to Lake Athabasca, but also the hydraulic influences on lake outflow, especially when meaningful future projections of lake levels are required for water management.
Alcohol’s Influence on Violent Deaths

The impact of alcohol consumption in Europe is evident. It has been associated with twenty-seven thousand accidental deaths per year of which seventeen thousand were due to traffic accidents. From this we can conclude that one out of every three deaths due to traffic accidents is associated with alcohol consumption. Alcohol has also been associated with two thousand homicides (four out of every ten were involved with alcohol consumption) as well as 10,000 suicides (one out of every six suicidal deaths is involved with alcohol consumption) [18].
New, but improved? Comparison between first and revised version of the Helping Alliance questionnaire

There is a consensus in the psychotherapy research field to consider the therapeutic alliance, broadly defined as the mutual collaboration between the therapist and the patient,as a robust and consistent predictor of therapy outcome.There is little agreement, however, on the best way to operationalise and measure it. Several instruments are available, each of them displaying some unique features so that investigators have problems to choose among them on the basis of considerations other than ease of administration, continuity with previous research or availability. One of the early self-report measures and widely used instruments was the Helping Alliance questionnaire (HAq-I) (Alexander and Luborsky, 1986). In recent years, we have become aware that it was limited by the presence of items that were explicitly assessing early symptomatic improvement and by the fact that all the items were worded positively.A revised version (HAq-II) was developed (Luborsky et al., 1996), guided by two main goals: (1) to reduce the inclination of the scale toward measuring early symptomatic improvement and thus confusing these two dimensions, and (2) to better incorporate the various aspects of the alliance related to the collaborative effort of patient and therapist. The new instrument includes 5 from the 11 items of the HAq-I and 14 new items – 5 of them worded negatively. The aim of the study is twofold: to validate the French version of the new HAq-II and to investigate empirically to what extent the HAq-II has improved over the HAq-I. The sample included 60 self-referred outpatients assigned to a Brief Psychodynamic Investigation (BPI), a manual-based investigation procedure in four sessions guided by psychodynamic principles. We looked at the correlation between the two HAq (I and II) and the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI), patient pretreatment characteristics (SCL-90, HDRS, HAMA, IIP) and outcome (SCL-90, SAS and patient satisfaction). Results showed that the French version of the HAq-II has good psychometric properties. Estimates of internal consistency and test-retest reliability were fairly similar to the original English version. Indication of its validity included high correlation with other alliance measures and independence from patient pretreatment characteristics. Surprisingly, HAq-II score predicted patient’s satisfaction with the treatment but not symptomatic improvement. Taken together, these first results are promising and indicate that the translated version of the HAq-II is a valid instrument for measuring the helping alliance. Concerning the comparison between the two versions of the HAq, HAq-II has proved to be an improvement compared to the original HAq-I scale: it better relates to the alliance construct and it is less influenced by the symptoms of the patient. Considering also its better construct validity (Luborsky et al., 1996), we definitely recommend the use of the revised HAq-II instead of the initial version of the scale.
Asymptotic normality of degree counts in a preferential attachment model

Abstract Preferential attachment is a widely adopted paradigm for understanding the dynamics of social networks. Formal statistical inference, for instance GLM techniques, and model-verification methods will require knowing test statistics are asymptotically normal even though node- or count-based network data are nothing like classical data from independently replicated experiments. We therefore study asymptotic normality of degree counts for a sequence of growing simple undirected preferential attachment graphs. The methods of proof rely on identifying martingales and then exploiting the martingale central limit theorems.
Utilization of R&D Results in the Home and Foreign Plants of Multinationals

This paper analyzes the utilization of R&D results in the home and foreign plants of Swedish multinational enterprises (MNEs). The empirical findings indicate that the firms' R&D undertaken in the home country is used as an input in both the home and foreign plants of the MNEs. Around four-fifths of the gain in value-added attributed to home R&D was realized in the MNEs' home plants, while the remaining fifth benefitted the foreign plants. Considering that the foreign plants on average accounted for a third of the MNEs' overall output, the foreign share of the gain was substantial. R&D undertaken in foreign affiliates does not appear to be used as an input in the firms' home plants.
Stability of bioactive compounds in minimally processed beet according to the cooking methods

Beets are the main source of betalains, which is an important natural antioxidant. Studies indicate that betalain potentially inhibits lipid oxidation and cholesterol synthesis, as well as skin and lung cancer in rats (Volp et al., 2009). Betalains also show antiviral and antimicrobial activities (Lila, 2004). Therefore, studies have shown free radical antioxidant power of beet, which is among the top ten most potent antioxidants found in nature to date (Volp et al., 2009).
Improving Academic Achievement through Continuous Assessment Methods: In the Case of Year Two Students of Animal and Range Sciences Department in Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia

The aim of this study was to assessing and implementing of continuous assessment to enhance academic performance of 2 nd year Animal and Range Sciences department students in wolaita sodo university ; and to take action (train) to raise the academic performance to a desirable state. For the purpose of surveying the students’ level of performance towards continuous assessment, a 12-item questionnaire (The Initial Questionnaire) on a Likert scale was given to all the 40 Animal and Range Sciences year II students. Accordingly, the overall percentage of poor performance answers was 54.6%, which implies that more than half of the students are leveled poor in their performance and attitude (awareness) towards continuous assessment. After all the actions (training , focus group discussion and implementation of continuous assessments), for the purpose of surveying the changes on the students’ level of performance towards continuous assessment, a 12-item questionnaire (exactly the same as the Initial Questionnaire) on a Likert scale was given again to all the 40 Animal and Range Sciences year II students. Accordingly, the overall percentage of good performance answers was 85%, which implies that majority of the students (34 out of 40) are leveled high (preferably desirable) in their performance and attitude towards continuous assessment after the intervention. Keywords: continuous assessments, Likert scale, academic Performance.
A Retrospective Study on the Compliance with Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guideline in Patients with Sepsis Admitted to Intensive Care Unit in Hong Kong

The global incidence of sepsis is increasing due to earlier recognition, but mortality from sepsis still remains high. Local data on the management according to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Care Bundle is still lacking. Hence, this study looks at the epidemiology, patient characteristics and management of septic patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) in a regional hospital in Hong Kong. Clinical records of all patients admitted to ICU of Tseung Kwan O Hospital from 1st January to 30th June, 2014 were screened. There were 108 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, corresponding to incidence of 32%. There were 62% males with a mean age of 63.6 years. Most patients (34.3%) were diagnosed in emergency department and the majority (46%) were transferred to ICU within 3 h of diagnosis, whereas 44% were transferred >6 h after diagnosis and 10% were transferred between 3-6 h. Most common source of infection was respiratory (26%), followed by blood (15.7%) and urinary tract (7%). Three-hour bundle compliance: measurement of lactate (0%), blood culture before antibiotics (56%), administration of antibiotics (100%) and administration of intravenous fluids volume to 30 ml/kg (21%). Six-hour bundle compliance: Vasopressor use (89%), central venous pressure monitoring (68%), central venous oxygen saturation measurement (0%). The hospital mortality rate was 26.8%. In conclusion, mortality of sepsis is high. Relentless effort is needed to boost the adherence to Sepsis Care Bundle, especially the measurement of serum lactate. Protocols, checklists, education and simulation training are possible means to improve the quality of care and clinical outcome of septic patients.
The Comparative Analysis of Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Pleural Effusions: A Prospective Study Plevral Effüzyonlu Hastalarda Biyokimyasal Parametrelerin Karsılastırmalı Analizi: Prospektif Bir Çalışma

1 Ali Cevat Kutluk1, Hasan Akın1, Sulhettin Arslan2, Süleyman Aykut Altunkaya3 1Yedikule Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Hospital, Istanbul, 2Department of Chest Diseas, University of Cumhuriyet, Sivas, 3Department of Chest Surgery, Bağcılar Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Analysis of Biochemical Parameters in Pleural Effusions The Comparative Analysis of Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Pleural Effusions: A Prospective Study