Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive reliability evaluation of a 90 nm CMOS technology with Cu/PECVD low-k BEOL

Integration and development of Cu Back-End of Line (BEOL) with PECVD low-k organosilicate glass (OSG, also called SiCOH, carbon-doped oxide, CDO, etc.) for 130 nm and 90 nm CMOS technologies has been reported by a number of institutions. Here we report on a Cu/SiCOH technology which has similarities, but also enhanced integration and reliability characteristics while preserving the R and C performance levels. These enhancements have led to excellent reliability results reported here, and are expected to increase the robustness to high-volume manufacturing and extendibility to next-generation smaller dimensions. The SiCOH and cap mechanical, chemical, and electrical strengths are increased, as well as associated interfacial adhesions. These combine with an optimized Cu metallization. As chip-package reliability is most at risk for low-k dielectrics, improvements have been brought into the BEOL level structure, the kerf design, and in some cases new packaging materials. When combined with the dielectric material and interface improvements, redundancy exists in the protection against potential chip-packaging failures. No failures occur in the full rounds of chip-package reliability stress testing done here on multiple wirebond and flip-chip packages. These packaging and other reliability results are presented, including BEOL-specific tests [electromigration (E-M), stress-migration (S-M), time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB), thermal cycling (T/C)], environmental [temperature-humidity-bias (THB)], and functional stressing of product modules. The stress criteria and results exceeded JEDEC standards. All Cu/SiCOH tests passed at the same levels as our concurrent 90 nm Cu/SiOF technology.
Microglia as a source and target of cytokines

Cytokines constitute a significant portion of the immuno‐ and neuromodulatory messengers that can be released by activated microglia. By virtue of potent effects on resident and invading cells, microglial cyto‐ and chemokines regulate innate defense mechanisms, help the initiation and influence the type of immune responses, participate in the recruitment of leukocytes to the CNS, and support attempts of tissue repair and recovery. Microglia can also receive cyto‐ and chemokine signals as part of auto‐ and paracrine communications with astrocytes, neurons, the endothelium, and leukocyte infiltrates. Strong responses and modulatory influences can be demonstrated, adding to the emerging view that microglial behavior is highly dependent on the (cytokine) environment and that reactions to a challenge may vary with the stimulation context. In principle, microglial activation aims at CNS protection. However, failed microglial engagement due to excessive or sustained activation could significantly contribute to acute and chronic neuropathologies. Dysregulation of microglial cytokine production could thereby promote harmful actions of the defense mechanisms, result in direct neurotoxicity, as well as disturb neural cell functions as they are sensitive to cytokine signaling. GLIA 40:140–155, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRP2/ABCC2 C1515Y polymorphism modulates exposure to lumefantrine during artemether-lumefantrine antimalarial therapy.

AIM To investigate the potential involvement of the hepatic ATP-binding cassette transporters MRP2 and MDR1 in the disposition of lumefantrine (LUM) among patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. MATERIALS & METHODS The tag SNPs MDR1/ABCB1 C3435T and MRP2/ABCC2 C1515Y were determined in two artemether-LUM clinical trials, including a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study focused on the treatment phase (72 h), and an efficacy trial where day 7 (D7) LUM levels were measured. RESULTS The 1515YY genotype was significantly associated with higher (p < 0.01) LUM D7 concentrations (median 1.42 μM), compared with 0.77 μM for 1515CY and 0.59 μM for 1515CC. No significant influence of the MDR1/ABCB1 C3435T was found. CONCLUSION LUM body disposition may be influenced by MRP2/ABCC2 genotype.
Zihinsel Engelli Çocukların (Mental Retardasyonlu Çocukların) Anne Ve Babalarının Yaşadığı Güçlüklerin Belirlenmesi

Zihinsel yetersizlik, diger kronik hastaliklarda oldugu gibi, kiside kalici yetersizlikler birakan, yasam boyu gozlem, kontrol, bakim, tedavi ve rehabilitasyon gerektiren onemli bir bozukluk olup, aile uyelerinin tumunu ve aile yasamini ekonomik, sosyal, duygusal, davranissal ve bilissel yonlerden etkileyen bir sorundur.Arastirma zihinsel engelli cocuk sahibi olan ailelerin yasadigi guclukleri belirlemek amaciyla,25.12. 2006-10.02. 2007 tarihleri arasinda Adana ilindeki Cukurova Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Cocuk Psikiyatri poliklinigine basvuran, arastirmaya katilan 4-17 yas arasi 55 mental retardasyonlu cocugun aileleri ile tanimlayici olarak yapilmistir. Veriler arastirmacilar tarafindan olusturulan anket formu ile yuz yuze gorusulerek toplanmistir. Verilerin degerlendirilmesinde SPSS programi kullanilarak yuzdelik analizi yapilmistir. Cocuklarin yas ortalamasi 9,4±0,4 yil, %61,8'i erkek %38,2'si kiz, % 1,8'i okumuyor, % 49,1'i ozel egitim aliyor. Arastirma 38 anne ve 17 baba ile gorusulerek yapilmistir ve katilan anne-babalarin yaslarinin 29-55 arasinda degistigi, annelerin %38,2 'sinin ilkokul babalarin %49,1'i lise mezunu ve annelerin % 94,5' inin ev kadinii babalarin %52,7'sinin isci oldugu saptanmistir. Ailelerin %40,0’inin toplumun bakis acisindan rahatsiz oldugu, %67,3'unun cocugunun gelecegi icin kaygili oldugu, % 52,7'sinin esi ile iletisimde sorun yasadigi, %45,5’inin cocugunun tedavi surecinde sorun yasadigi, %49,1i'nin sosyal cevresinden destek gormedigi, %63,6'sinin diger cocuklarina yeterli ilgi gosteremedigi ve %43,6'sinin aileye ek masraf getirdigi gibi guclukler yasadigi saptanmistir. Bu sonuclar dogrultusunda ailelere; zihinsel engelli cocuk kadar kendilerinin de profesyonel destege ihtiyaclari oldugunu, saglik ekibi uyeleri tarafindan goz onunde bulundurulmasi ve aile merkezli bakima agirlik verilmesi konusunda onerilerde bulunulmustur.
Adaptive Pinning Control of Networks of Circuits and Systems in Lur'e Form

This paper is concerned with the derivation of a distributed adaptive control strategy for synchronization and consensus of networks of nonlinear systems in the Lur'e form. In particular, time-varying feedback coupling and control gains are considered, whose derivatives are functions of local error over each edge in the network. The strategy is shown to be successful in controlling the network to the desired trajectory. The stability analysis also encompasses the case of a generic inner coupling matrix, where the coupling may not involve all state variables. A set of simple sufficient conditions is derived that can also be used to design the inner coupling configuration. The theoretical derivation is complemented by its validation on a set of representative examples.
Influence of Tip Clearance on Pressure Fluctuation in Low Specific Speed Mixed-Flow Pump Passage

To explore the influence of tip clearance on pressure fluctuation in a low specific speed mixed-flow pump, tip clearances δ of 0.25 mm, 0.75 mm and 1.00 mm, along with no tip clearance, were selected. The reliability of the simulation was verified by comparison with the experimental data of external characteristics and fluctuation in the guide vane passage. Through ANSYS-CFX, MATLAB code and fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm, pressure fluctuation characteristics in this pump were obtained. The results show that pressure fluctuation exists in all conditions due to the rotor-stator interaction. Under the no tip clearance and tip clearance conditions, the maximum fluctuation value was located near the guide inlet and impeller outlet, respectively. Clearance leakage had less influence on pressure fluctuation at the impeller inlet and central regions within a certain range of the clearance; beyond this range, fluctuations in the whole flow passage increased significantly, while the clearance variation had less effect on fluctuation in the guide vane. When the tip clearance value was 1.00 mm, pressure fluctuation of the shroud at the impeller inlet section suddenly increases, which was closely related to the obvious leakage vortexes and a larger low pressure area.
Changes in adiponectin multimer distribution in response to atorvastatin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes

Objective Multimeric high molecular weight (HMW) forms of adiponectin were previously shown to be inversely associated with the extent of atherosclerosis in males and are down‐regulated in patients with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. In this study, potential influences of atorvastatin therapy on adiponectin multimer distribution were studied in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Neural regeneration in the noise‐damaged chinchilla cochlea

Recent studies in the bird ear have shown that degenerated hair cells are sometimes replaced by regenerated receptor cells. The present study evaluated the adult mammalian cochlea for evidence of hair‐cell and nerve‐fiber regeneration. Eighty‐eight noise‐damaged chinchilla cochleas were examined as plastic‐embedded whole mounts by phase‐contrast and bright‐field microscopy. No signs of hair‐cell regeneration were found. However, 32 (70%) of 46 cochleas damaged by high‐intensity noise and 20 (48%) of 42 cochleas damaged by moderate‐intensity noise contained a variable number of nerve fibers which appeared to be regenerated. These fibers, which were located in severely damaged areas of organ of Corti, differed from residual fibers with respect to their diameters, the degree and pattern of myelination, and by the abnormal paths they followed within the osseous spiral lamina and on the basilar membrane. The number of regenerated fibers varied with type of exposure and length of recovery. The strongest response was found in ears exposed to a high‐intensity, low‐frequency noise. The results described here indicate that a potential exists for the biological restoration of the mammalian inner ear.
Histopathological study of endometrium in infertility.

A study of 200 cases of primary and secondary infertility was carried out in the department of pathology, Dr. V.M. Medical College, Solapur. Endometrial specimens were evaluated in the light of menstrual history to find out the incidence of various endometrial changes in cases of infertility. All cases underwent endometrial biopsy premenstrually. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was done for dating of endometrium and diagnosis of corpus luteal defect and anovalutory cycles. PAS stain was done in 50 cases of infertility with control of 25 cases to detect the amount of glycogen. Menstrual problems were seen in 38.2% of patients. Anovulatory infertility was present in 28.2% cases. Luteal phase defect was seen in 20% cases. Cystoglandular hyperplasia was seen in 1.7% cases & tuberculous endometritis was present in 2.6% cases. Glycogen deficiency was seen in 30% cases of luteal phase defect.
The Globular Heads of C1q Specifically Recognize Surface Blebs of Apoptotic Vascular Endothelial Cells1

Complement protein C1q is required to maintain immune tolerance. The molecular mechanism responsible for this link has not been determined. We have previously demonstrated that C1q binds directly and specifically to surface blebs of apoptotic human keratinocytes, suggesting that it may participate in clearance of self Ags generated during programmed cell death. Here, we demonstrate that C1q also binds directly to apoptotic blebs of vascular endothelial cells and PBMC. These apoptotic cells are recognized by the globular heads of C1q, which bind specifically to the surface blebs, and deposition increases as the blebs mature on the cell surface. These observations suggest that C1q may participate in the clearance of apoptotic cells from the circulation and from the walls of the vascular lumen. The interaction of surface blebs with the globular heads of C1q suggests that surface blebs may be capable of directly activating the classical pathway of complement under certain circumstances, generating C4- and C3-derived ligands for receptors such as CR1, CR2, CR3, and CR4. Appropriate recognition of apoptotic cells by C1q and targeted clearance of the molecular contents of surface blebs to complement receptors may be critical for the maintenance of immune tolerance.
Étude des subordonnées introduites par "avant que" en contexte discursif.

Les subordonnees temporelles introduites par la conjonction de subordination "avant que" font l'objet d'etudes qui examinent leur valeur presuppositionnelle, notamment (Le Draoulec, 1996) et (Le Draoulec, 2001). Ces etudes se limitent au contexte phrastique et ne tiennent nullement compte du contexte discursif dans lequel s'inscrivent ces subordonnees temporelles. C'est ce qui est propose dans (Le Draoulec, 2003). Il s'agit d'examiner le comportement d'une subordonnee temporelle introduite par "avant que" en contexte discursif.
Intravenous ibandronate injections given every three months: a new treatment option to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women

Objective: To investigate the efficacy, safety, and dose response of three doses of ibandronate, given intermittently by intravenous (IV) injection every three months, in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis. Patients and methods: 629 postmenopausal women, categorised according to time since menopause and baseline lumbar spine (L1–4) bone mineral density (BMD), were enrolled into a multicentre, double blind, placebo controlled trial. They were randomly allocated to receive IV ibandronate 0.5 mg, 1 mg or 2 mg, or placebo every three months. All women received daily calcium supplementation. Results: One year’s treatment with intermittent IV ibandronate injections produced a dose dependent gain in mean (SD) lumbar spine BMD from baseline of 2.5 (2.5)%, 1.8 (2.6)%, and 1.0 (2.8)% in the groups receiving 2 mg, 1 mg, and 0.5 mg ibandronate, respectively, compared with a loss of BMD of 0.4 (2.4)% in the women in the placebo group; p=0.0001 for each ibandronate dose v placebo. Highest BMD gains occurred in women with osteopenia receiving 2 mg ibandronate. Similarly, at the hip, all three doses of ibandronate produced significantly better gains in BMD than placebo (p<0.05), with the greatest gains in the women with osteopenia receiving the 2 mg dose. Ibandronate concomitantly and dose dependently suppressed markers of bone turnover in comparison with placebo, and injections were well tolerated. Conclusion: IV ibandronate injections, given every three months, may be an effective alternative to oral bisphosphonates and hormonal therapy in the prevention of bone loss in postmenopausal women.
The metabolic and mechanical costs of step time asymmetry in walking

Animals use both pendular and elastic mechanisms to minimize energy expenditure during terrestrial locomotion. Elastic gaits can be either bilaterally symmetric (e.g. run and trot) or asymmetric (e.g. skip, canter and gallop), yet only symmetric pendular gaits (e.g. walk) are observed in nature. Does minimizing metabolic and mechanical power constrain pendular gaits to temporal symmetry? We measured rates of metabolic energy expenditure and calculated mechanical power production while healthy humans walked symmetrically and asymmetrically at a range of step and stride times. We found that walking with a 42 per cent step time asymmetry required 80 per cent (2.5 W kg−1) more metabolic power than preferred symmetric gait. Positive mechanical power production increased by 64 per cent (approx. 0.24 W kg−1), paralleling the increases we observed in metabolic power. We found that when walking asymmetrically, subjects absorbed more power during double support than during symmetric walking and compensated by increasing power production during single support. Overall, we identify inherent metabolic and mechanical costs to gait asymmetry and find that symmetry is optimal in healthy human walking.
Room temperature measurements of the 3D orientation of single CdSe quantum dots using polarization microscopy

Simple far-field emission polarization microscopy reveals that the emission transition dipole of CdSe colloidal quantum dots (QDs) is twofold degenerate at room temperature. We measure, model, and compare polarization anisotropy statistics of CdSe QDs and DiI (a one-dimensional emitter). We find excellent agreement between experiment and theory if the transition dipole of CdSe QDs is assumed to be twofold degenerate. This implies that the three-dimensional orientation of the unique crystal axis in QDs can be determined at room temperature with polarization microscopy. We describe an optical setup to measure four polarization angles of multiple single QDs simultaneously and in real time (≈16 Hz). We use this setup in a proof-of-concept experiment to demonstrate that the rotational motion of QDs can be monitored in various host matrices.
Polymerase chain reaction strategy.

INTRODUCTION . THE BASIC METHOD . BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE REACTION . PCR Specificity . Details of the Reaction . PROPERTIES OF THERMOSTABLE POLYMERASES . PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS . Misincorporation . Hybrid PCR Products . ���;����:i! ��l. ����. ��. ::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : GENE AND eDNA AMPLIFICATION . Cloning PCR Product . Single-Sided DNA Amplification . Whole Genome PCR . cDNA Amplification . Enriching Gene or cDNA Libraries using PCR . Amplification with Degenerate Primers . ALLELE-SPECIFIC PCR . PCR SENSITIVITY . SEQUENCING PCR PRODUCT . GENOMIC FOOTPRINTING . GENOMIC SEQUENCING .
Association of rs 3807337 polymorphism of CALD1 gene with diabetic nephropathy occurrence in type 1 diabetes - preliminary results of a family-based study.

INTRODUCTION The worldwide growing burden of diabetes and end-stage renal disease due to diabetic nephropathy has become the reason for research looking for a single marker of chronic kidney disease development and progression that can be found in the early stages of the disease, when preventive action delaying the destructive process could be performed. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of rs3807337 polymorphism of the caldesmon 1 (CALD1) gene located on the long arm of chromosome 7 encoding for protein that is connected with physiological kidney function on development of diabetic nephropathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS There was an association study of rs3807337 polymorphism of the CALD1 gene in parent-offspring trios by PCRRFLP method. Ninety-nine subjects: 33 patients with diabetic nephropathy due to type 1 diabetes and 66 of their biological parents, were examined. The mode of alleles transmission from heterozygous parents to affected offspring was determined using the transmission disequilibrium test. RESULTS The allele G of rs3807337 polymorphism of the CALD1 gene was transmitted to affected offspring significantly more often than expected for no association. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results suggest that the genetic variability of the CALD1 gene may influence the development of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes, but further studies involving larger studied groups of patients are needed. (Endokrynol Pol 2017; 68 (1): 13-17).
Functional organisation of saccades and antisaccades in the frontal lobe in humans: a study with echo planar functional magnetic resonance imaging

The cortical activation pattern of saccades and antisaccades (versus rest) in the frontal lobe was analysed using an echo planar imaging (EPI) technique in 10 healthy subjects. Statistical analysis of activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex disclosed a significantly greater activation during antisaccades in this region than during saccades. On the other hand, activity in the frontal eye fields was not statistically different in both tasks. These results confirm the important role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for the correct performance of antisaccades obtained by studies in humans with isolated lesions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Hypertriglyceridemia in Lecithin-cholesterol Acyltransferase-deficient Mice Is Associated with Hepatic Overproduction of Triglycerides, Increased Lipogenesis, and Improved Glucose Tolerance*

Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency is frequently associated with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) in animal models and humans. We investigated the mechanism of HTG in the ldlr–/– × lcat–/– (double knockout (dko)) mice using the ldlr–/– × lcat+/+ (knock-out (ko)) littermates as control. Mean fasting triglyceride (TG) levels in the dko mice were elevated 1.75-fold compared with their controls (p < 0.002). Both the very low density lipoprotein and the low density lipoprotein/intermediate density lipoprotein fractions separated by fast protein liquid chromatography were TG-enriched in the dko mice. In vitro lipolysis assay revealed that the dko mouse very low density lipoprotein (d < 1.019 g/ml) fraction separated by ultracentrifugation was a more efficient substrate for lipolysis by exogenous bovine lipoprotein lipase. Post-heparin lipoprotein lipase activity was reduced by 61% in the dko mice. Hepatic TG production rate, determined after intravenous Triton WR1339 injection, was increased 8-fold in the dko mice. Hepatic mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (srebp-1) and its target genes acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (acc-1), fatty acid synthase (fas), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (scd-1) were significantly elevated in the dko mice compared with the ko control. The hepatic mRNA levels of LXRα (lxrα) and its target genes including angiopoietin-like protein 3 (angptl-3) in the dko mice were unchanged. Fasting glucose and insulin levels were reduced by 31 and 42%, respectively in the dko mice, in conjunction with a 49% reduction in hepatic pepck-1 mRNA (p = 0.014). Both the HTG and the improved fasting glucose phenotype seen in the dko mice are at least in part attributable to an up-regulation of the hepatic srebp-1c gene.
Economic policy uncertainty and the Chinese stock market volatility: new evidence

ABSTRACT This study investigates the impacts of the economic policy uncertainty (EPU) indexes of China and the G7 countries on Chinese stock market volatility and further constructs a new diffusion index based on these indexes using principal component analysis (PCA) to achieve enhanced predictive ability. The in-sample results indicate that the EPU indexes of China and some of the G7 countries show a significantly negative impact on future volatility. Moreover, our constructed diffusion index also has a significantly negative impact. Furthermore, the out-of-sample results show that this diffusion index exhibits a significantly higher forecast accuracy than the EPU itself and combination forecasts. Finally, various robustness checks are consistent with our main conclusions. Overall, we construct a new and useful indicator that can substantially increase forecast accuracy with respect to the Chinese stock market.
High‐Precision Measurement of 187Os/188Os Isotope Ratios of Nanogram to Picogram Amounts of Os in Geological Samples by N‐TIMS using Faraday Cups Equipped with 1013 Ω Amplifiers

N(187Os)/N(188Os) ratios of six geological reference materials were measured using static Faraday cups (FCs) with 1013 Ω amplifiers by N‐TIMS. Our results show that the repeatability precision was 2–3‰ (2 RSD, n = 3), when taking ~ 1 g of BHVO‐2 with 76 pg g−1 of Os mass fraction and ~ 2 g of BCR‐2 with 21 pg g−1 of Os mass fraction for each sample, whether measured by FCs or by secondary electron multiplier. The repeatability precision measured by FCs was 1–0.2‰ (2 RSD, n = 3) when taking ~ 1 g of BIR‐2 with 350 pg g−1 of Os mass fraction, ~ 1 g of WGB‐1 with 493 pg g−1 of Os mass fraction or ~ 0.5 g of WPR‐1 with 13.3 ng g−1 of Os mass fraction for each sample, which is much better than those measured by secondary electron multiplier. Instead, when taking ~ 2 g of AGV‐2 with 4 pg g−1 Os mass fraction, the repeatability precision measured by secondary electron multiplier is 3–4‰ (RSD, n = 3), which is better than those measured by FCs. Of the six reference materials analysed, WPR‐1 and BIR‐1a are the most homogeneous with regard to Os isotopic composition (2 RSD of 0.08% and 0.23%, respectively) when test portion masses are 0.5–1 g.