Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of chemical inducers on root rot and wilt diseases, yield and quality of tomato

Root rot and wilt in tomato caused by Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum is one of the most destructive diseases. Effect of some chemical inducers viz. ethephon, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), mannitol, salicylic acid (SA) at three different concentrations (50,100, 200 ppm) were used to treat tomato seedling by soaking into these to minimize root rot and wilt diseases incidence as well as influence of these chemicals on growth, quantity and quality parameters of tomato plants (cv. Super Strain B) e under greenhouse and field conditions were studied. All the tested chemical inducers significantly reduced root rot and wilt diseases severity either under both greenhouse and field conditions and the efficiency of these compounds increased with increasing concentrations. Mannitol was the most effective inducer for decreasing area under disease progress carve (AUDPC) followed by salicylic acid, while ethephon was recoded as the least effective for reducing AUDPC in greenhouse conditions. However, under laboratory conditions, all tested chemical inducers significantly reduced mycelial linear growth of all tomato root rot and wilt tested fungi compared with control. The highest decrease in linear growth wasobserved in ethephon at 200 ppm followed by SA at 200 ppm. Conversely, F. solani was more affected by chemical inducers than F. oxysporum and R. solani. Under field conditions, the selected chemicals significantly increased tomato growth, yield and quality. Application of mannitol at 200 ppm followed by SA at 200 was the most potent for growth, yield and quality of tomato compared with control. Therefore, tt could be suggested that application of mannitol and SA to treat seedling by soaking could be commercially used for controlling tomato root rot and wilt diseases and increased both quality and quantity of tomato since they are safe, less expensive and effective against these diseases in field conditions.
Changes of Seedling Growth and Ion Uptake of Chickpea Genotypes under Salt Stress Condition

In this investigation, the effect of salinity on the germination and seedling growth stages of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties in hydroponic condition was studied. The experiment was carried out as Factorial based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 replications at the Physiology Lab at the Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University. The factors included different cultivars of chickpea (Jam, Bivanij, Arman, Azad, Hachem and ILC482) and different osmotic potential levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM) of NaCl. To study of micro and macro elements distribution in salinity condition, different parts of plant were evaluated. During these stages, the percentage of germination, total dry weight at seedling stage, root and shoot dry weight, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal resistance, and concentration of micro and macro elements were investigated. The results indicated that the interaction of variety and salinity for the most traits were significant. All of the traits except Na + accumulation and stomatal resistance were decreased by increasing salinity
Pain, functional disability, psychological status, and health-related quality of life in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome

Abstract Background: Subacromial Impingement Syndrome (SAIS) is the comments painful shoulder condition leading to considerable functional loss. Considering numerous existing conservative and surgical interventions for SAIS, the use of optimal patient-centred outcome measures is essential. Study assessed various generic and shoulder-specific outcome measures in patients and healthy controls to provide baseline data and facilitate the development of evidence-based interventions. Methods: A total of 75 participants including 39 patients and 36 healthy controls were evaluated and compared by a battery of validated outcome tools: McGill Pain Questionnaire, Oxford Shoulder Score, Constant Murley Score, The Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, Upper Limb Function Index, Functional Impairment Test-Hand and Neck/Shoulder/Arm, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Short-Form Health Survey, and shoulder muscle strength. Results: All selected measures showed significant differences in the pain experience, upper limb functional capacity, psychological status (anxiety and depression), and health-related quality of life between SAIS patients and healthy controls in both female and male participant groups (p < 0.05–p < 0.001). Conclusion: The use of an array of patient-centred upper limb regional/joint-specific pain and functional measures combined with psychological status and quality of life tools is recommended for the evidence-based assessment of intervention outcome in patients with SAIS.
Media Exposure, Perceived Efficacy, and Protective Behaviors in a Public Health Emergency

Based on the extended parallel process model and social cognitive theory, this study developed and tested a model of media exposure, perceived efficacy, and protective behaviors in a public health emergency. The findings from a survey of 717 Hong Kong residents show that media exposure had variant effects on perceived societal-level risks and personal-level risks. The study introduced the three aspects of perceived efficacy as the predictors of health protective behaviors. It found that self-efficacy, collective efficacy, and proxy efficacy varied in their effects on danger control and fear control outcomes. Self-efficacy and proxy efficacy positively predicted danger control outcomes, whereas proxy efficacy negatively predicted fear control outcomes. The effect of perceived threat on danger control outcomes was present as self-efficacy increased.
Outflow forces in intermediate mass star formation

Context. Protostars of intermediate mass provide a bridge between theories of low- and high-mass star formation. Molecular outflows emerging from such sources can be used to determine the influence of fragmentation and multiplicity on protostellar evolution through the apparent correlation of outflow forces of intermediate mass protostars with the total luminosity instead of the individual luminosity. Aims. The aim of this paper is to derive outflow forces from outflows of six intermediate mass protostellar regions and validate the apparent correlation between total luminosity and outflow force seen in earlier work, as well as remove uncertainties caused by di erent methodology. Methods. By comparing CO 6‐5 observations obtained with APEX with non-LTE radiative transfer model predictions, optical depths, temperatures, densities of the gas of the molecular outflows are derived. Outflow forces, dynamical timescales and kinetic luminosities are subsequently calculated. Results. Outflow parameters, including the forces, were derived for all sources. Temperatures in excess of 50 K were found for all flows, in line with recent low-mass results. However, comparison with other studies could not corroborate conclusions from earlier work on intermediate mass protostars which hypothesized that fragmentation enhances outflow forces in clustered intermediate mass star formation. Any enhancement in comparison with the classical relation between outflow force and luminosity can be attributed the use of a higher excitation line and improvement in methods; They are in line with results from low-mass protostars using similar techniques. Conclusions. The role of fragmentation on outflows is an important ingredient to understand clustered star formation and the link between low and high-mass star formation. However, detailed information on spatial scales of a few 100 AU, covering all individual members is needed to make the necessary progress.
A Dynamic Model of Diversification and Divestiture

Empirical studies show that a large portion of the diversification discount can be explained by controlling for firm-specific characteristics. Although these studies leave no doubt that there is a self-selection component in firm's decision to diversify, the failure to explain the entire discount implies that some conglomerates destroy value and raises a question: why firms choose to diversify and what prevent them from value-increasing divestitures. This paper provides an answer to this question. It argues that the agency cost in a conglomerate is positively related to the number of divisions with good investment opportunities. Therefore, benefits of conglomeration offset agency costs for conglomerates with a number of bad divisions and make diversification profitable for bad firms. However, when investment opportunities of some divisions improve, the agency cost increases and offsets the benefits of diversification. Unfortunately, if investors cannot correctly price all of the conglomerate's divisions, the conglomerate cannot receive the fair price for its good divisions and, therefore, cannot implement value-increasing divestitures. As a result, the paper predicts a negative relationship between the age of the conglomerate and the diversification discount, while a failure to control for the self-selection bias may lead to an incorrect conclusion that this relationship is positive. By looking at the exogenous shocks to the economy, the paper also predicts more refocusing activities and greater value-distortion of diversification during economic booms.
Analysis of data separation and recovery problems using clustered sparsity

Data often have two or more fundamental components, like cartoon-like and textured elements in images; point, filament, and sheet clusters in astronomical data; and tonal and transient layers in audio signals. For many applications, separating these components is of interest. Another issue in data analysis is that of incomplete data, for example a photograph with scratches or seismic data collected with fewer than necessary sensors. There exists a unified approach to solving these problems which is minimizing the ℓ1 norm of the analysis coefficients with respect to particular frame(s). This approach using the concept of clustered sparsity leads to similar theoretical bounds and results, which are presented here. Furthermore, necessary conditions for the frames to lead to sufficiently good solutions are also shown.
Delivering on diversity: The challenges of commissioning for Whānau Ora

As the populations of Western, so-called “first-world” countries grow; so too do the pressures for the funding, purchasing, and provision of high-quality health care for their citizens. The drive to purchase and monitor outcomes, as opposed to simply accounting for outputs, has grown in strength in New Zealand and elsewhere, as a means of ensuring greater accountability for spending and ensuring every dollar invested in health care has some positive, downstream impact. This paper, based on a small qualitative research study, explores a specific model of purchasing for outcomes, namely the Te Pou Matakana (TPM) model of Whānau Ora commissioning. We explore how commissioning as a particular model for purchasing services has fared in terms of delivering for Whānau Ora. The paper provides a brief history of Māori health provider development, as a means of establishing the roots of the TPM commissioning approach. We then explore in greater detail the commissioning approach unique to this case study site before presenting the study itself, our data collection methods, results, and analysis of those results. The paper concludes that in the New Zealand context, commissioning as a purchasing model has benefited from alignment with Whānau Ora principles, to the extent that an Indigenous model of commissioning is apparent in the TPM commissioning approach.
BRUSH WITH GREATNESS: AUDIENCE REACTIONS TO BASKING IN REFLECTED GLORY

The primary goal of this study was to examine whether basking in reflected glory (BlRGing) (i.e., publicly advertising associations with successful or famous persons) is an effective self-presentation strategy. It was predicted that a BlRGing target would be rated more positively by observers than a non-BIRGing target, and that BlRGing that is prompted (vs. unprompted) would lead to the most favourable evaluations. It was also hypothesized that a BlRGing target would be rated less positively after disclosing a selfesteem threat. A 2 (self-esteem threat vs. no self-esteem threat) X 3 (basking prompted vs. basking unprompted vs. no basking) ANOVA did not support the primary hypothesis: Participants evaluated the non-basking target more favourably than the basking target. The self-esteem threat prediction was supported. Results suggest that basking in reflected glory is not the most effective strategy to use when one is attempting to manage the impressions of others.
Colonization time of Arabia by the White-tailed Mongoose Ichneumia albicauda as inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

Abstract Given the presence of several species of terrestrial wildlife with an Arabian population separated from their main distribution range, the Arabian Peninsula can be seen as a biogeographic isolate. This arises from its single links with Africa via the Sinai land bridge and the ecological barrier of the Rub’ Al Khali desert to dispersals. In the context of Afro-Arabian biogeography, sub-Saharan and Maghreb populations, for which access to the Sinai land bridge is limited respectively by the eastern Sahara and Libyan deserts, are particularly isolated from their Arabian counterparts. Genetic markers have proved useful in studying the evolutionary history of the Arabian populations. A study of mitochondrial DNA sequence data for the White-tailed Mongoose Ichneumia albicauda (an Afrotropical mammal) suggested a single colonization period of the Arabian Peninsula ≈ 32,500 years ago, making this species a relatively long-term resident and natural colonist of Arabia. Given that colonization of the Arabian Peninsula is estimated to have occurred at a time in which the Red Sea was neither particularly narrow nor shallow, and during a prolonged wet period, the scenario of invasion of Arabia via the Sinai land bridge is perhaps more likely. However, the hypothesis that the Arabian founders derived from a successful landing of a sweepstake-rafting event across the southern Red Sea, difficult to validate or falsify as it is, cannot be categorically rejected. Importation and release of individuals from Africa in the peninsula is thus strongly advised against since it could obliterate a unique evolutionary history.
A slow slip event in the south central Alaska Subduction Zone and related seismicity anomaly

We detected a slow slip event in the south central Alaska Subduction Zone by analyzing continuous GPS data from the Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) network. The slow slip event started in early 2010 at a depth of 35 km beneath the Cook Inlet, near the down‐dip end of the locked zone, and is ongoing as of November 2011 with an accumulated magnitude ofMw 6.9. Analysis of the earthquake catalog in the same area using the stochastic Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence model (ETAS) shows a small but detectable seismicity increase during the slow slip event. We also find a change in seismicity rate around 1998, that may suggest an earlier slow slip event in the same region. Slow slip events in Alaska appear more widespread than previously thought but have remained undetected due to their long durations, the time intervals between them, and the limited time records from the continuous GPS.
Calving distribution of the Teshekpuk caribou herd, 1994-2003

Parturient female caribou from the Teshekpuk caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) herd (TCH) have been observed across the western North Slope, but most cows that were seen with calves during the calving period were in the area surrounding Teshekpuk Lake. During surveys conducted between 1994 and 2003, 155 (91%) of 171 collared cows seen with calves were within an area given protected status in the 1998 Bureau of Land Management Final Integrated Activity Plan/Environmental Impact Statement (IAP/EIS). The percentage of adult collared cows seen with a calf between 1994 and 2003 has ranged from 44% to 86%, with a mean of 66%. The years with the lowest percentage of collared cows seen with calves were 1997 (50%) and 2001 (44%). In 1997 most of the herd migrated much farther south than usual, and in 2001 unusually deep, persistent snow restricted spring migration, resulting in fewer cows returning to the traditional calving area during the calving period. When snowmelt dates were earlier, calving locations were farther north. Average standardized travel rates for parturient cows were significantly greater before they had calves (7.25 km/day) than after 3.89 (km/day). Geographically, protections granted by the 1998 BLM IAP/EIS appear to adequately cover the concentrated calving grounds, allowing for variance in the annual distribution of calving cows.
Contribution of starter lactococci and non-starter lactobacilli to proteolysis in Cheddar cheese with a controlled microflora

Des fromages de cheddar ont ete fabriques dans des conditions microbiologiques controlees, pour etudier la contribution relative des bacteries levain ou non levain a l'affinage du fromage. Dans chacun des deux essais, quatre fromages ont ete fabriques, avec ou sans levain (les fromages sans levain ont ete acidifies chimiquement a l'aide de glucono-delta-lactone). Des lactobacilles mesophiles ont ete ajoutes a l'un des fromages acidifies chimiquement et a l'un des fromages avec levain. L'estimation de la proteolyse a montre une contribution majeure du levain, comparee a celle des bacteries non levain a la formation des acides amines libres, et dans une moindre mesure a celle de l'azote soluble dans l'eau. La chromatographie RP-HPLC des fractions soluble et insoluble dans l'ethanol des extraits solubles dans l'eau a mis en evidence quelques peptides (produits par les lactobacilles) presents dans les profils du fromage sans levain avec ajout de lactobacilles, et qui n'etaient pas presents dans le controle correspondant.
Examination of a winter storm using a micro rain radar and AMDAR aircraft soundings

Winter storms along the United States East Coast are often high-impact events with complex forecasts. Forecasts can be particularly difficult in the lee of the Appalachian Mountains, where terrain-induced coldair damming (CAD) creates an environment suitable for multiple and rapidly changing precipitation types. A winter storm that impacted central North Carolina on 18 January 2007—and featured a common CAD setup—provided the National Weather Service Forecast Office in Raleigh, North Carolina, an opportunity to use two nontraditional observing systems during a rapidly changing precipitation-type event. This study details how aircraft soundings and a vertically pointing micro rain radar (MRR) were utilized to monitor changing precipitation types and improve the 3–6-h forecast. Aircraft observations from the Raleigh– Durham International Airport were available at various times during the event, allowing forecasters to monitor changes in the thermal profile of the environment, and more specifically, the strength and depth of a warm (melting) layer centered around 1000 m. In addition, the MRR provided frequent observations of the melting layer height and evolution, providing useful information to more accurately forecast the onset of mixed precipitation types, a changeover to all snow, and eventually, a change to all rain. These observational datasets also were used to verify Rapid Update Cycle forecasts. The results of this event demonstrate the utility of these nontraditional datasets during critical decision making and high-impact events.
Chemoorganotrophic bacteria isolated from biodeteriorated surfaces in cave and catacombs

International Journal of Speleology 41(2) 125-136 Tampa, FL (USA) July 2012 Available online at scholarcommons.usf. edu/ijs/ & www.ijs. speleo.it International Journal of Speleology Official Journal of Union Internationale de Spéléologie Chemoorganotrophic bacteria isolated from biodeteriorated surfaces in cave and catacombs INTRODUCTION Any study of microbial communities colonizing biodeteriorated surfaces should involve a combination of several analytical techniques such as microscopy, culture techniques, biochemical tests and molecular tools, which are designed to give complementary results. Each individual technique while having its own limitations, contributes the necessary information to provide a better understanding of the microbial community as a whole and its role in the deterioration of inorganic and/or organic substrata (Urzì et al., 2003). Culture-based techniques are selective due to the limited choice of media used for the cultivation of microorganisms, and because the viable and culturable microflora (VCM) may be restricted to 1 to 5% of the whole population (Amann, 2000). However, the culture-based approach offers the possibility to isolate and thus analyze a great number of strains (Donachie et al.,2007). It is then possible to study the isolated strains, to cluster them into operational taxonomic units (OTUs), to compare different microbial communities on the basis of types of cultivable bacteria isolated in term of richness and the frequency of isolates, distribution or relative abundance of types. Furthermore, cultivation-based techniques in association with other complementary molecular techniques give a good idea of the “microorganisms in action” because, 1Department of Life Sciences, “M. Malpighi” University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; Corresponding author: Clara Urzì (clara.urzi@unime.it) 2Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Biomedical Sciences Building, Msida, MSD2620, Malta. De Leo F. , Iero A. , Zammit G. and Urzì C. 2012. Chemoorganotrophic bacteria isolated from biodeteriorated surfaces in cave and catacombs. International Journal of Speleology, 41(2), 125-136 Tampa, FL (USA). ISSN 0392-6672. http://dx.doi. org/10.5038/1827-806X.41. 2.1 The main objective of this work was the comparative analysis of a large number of bacterial strains isolated from biodeteriorated surfaces in three different sites, namely the catacombs of St. Callistus in Rome, Italy, the catacombs dedicated to St. Agatha in Rabat, Malta and the Cave of Bats in Zuheros, Spain. Our results showed that even considering only culturable chemoorganotrophic bacteria the variability is very high, reflecting the great variety of microhabitats present. Hence any strategies to prevent, control or eliminate the biofilm-embedded microbiota from an archeological surface should take into account a number of considerations as stipulated in our study.