Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fear of Achievement Among Young Women in Urban Pakistan: A Phenomenological Analysis of Fear of Achievement (FOA)

Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the antecedents of young women’s fear of achievement (FOA) in Karachi, Pakistan. Based on the empirical literature, a semi-structured interview guideline was developed for conducting focus groups until a data-rich saturation level was achieved. To this end, eight focus groups were conducted with 61 females (mean age = 22.5 years). Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to interpret lived and subjective experiences of women’s fear of becoming high achievers. The results of this research indicated that women had a low sense of achievement in response to successful experiences, and high fear of success in terms of their future ventures. Women expressed gender discrimination in how they were socialized, pressured by religious and patriarchal norms, and their beliefs and experiences of success and achievements. These findings can be explained by gendered socialization practices in Pakistan, culturally embedded religious and patriarchal norms, objectification of women, silencing, and early marriages. Overall, females are provided with different sets of expectations for achievement in the feminine-communal orientations and are distant from success-related competence orientations. The paper also discusses possible implications of our findings for young Pakistani women and proposes the need for scholarship and concerted efforts to resolve the factors that instigate the FOA among women.
Os Professores e a sua Formação num Tempo de Metamorfose da Escola

RESUMO: O primeiro andamento do texto é dedicado a uma análise centrada nas políticas educativas e na organização da escola, procurando identificar o processo de metamorfose da escola que está a ocorrer nos dias de hoje. Em seguida, depois de uma ponte, o segundo andamento é dedicado à formação de professores, insistindo-se na necessidade de uma nova institucionalidade, juntando em triângulo as universidades, a profissão docente e as escolas da rede. O texto fecha com um breve epílogo sobre uma iniciativa excecional que acontece na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, a criação de um Complexo de Formação de Professores.
Leadership decisions in foreign subsidiaries of multinational family business groups

Abstract Employing institutional theory and agency theory, this study examines the impact of home and host country’s cultural and economic differences on the likelihood of utilizing family management in foreign subsidiaries of multinational family business groups. The results indicate that the larger the cultural differences between home and host country, the more likely it is that a family member will be assigned to lead a foreign subsidiary. A higher ownership stake in the foreign subsidiary strengthens that positive relationship. Economic differences, however, show a direct negative association with the likelihood of utilizing family management.
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ITS DETERMINANTS: A CROSS-COUNTRY EVIDENCE

Abstract Empirical evidence from a panel of 126 countries, over the time period of 2010 to 2014, indicates that economic growth is dependent on various factors. This paper finds that government expenditure control, reduced inflation and increased trade openness are the factors that boost the economic growth of a country. Significant evidence is seen for government consumption, fiscal policy and trade openness. No significant relationship has been observed between exchange rate and economic growth, whereas unemployment influences output for African countries. The cross regional analysis of Asian, European, African, Caribbean, and American countries gives specific determinants for these regions. Economic growth is also analysed in developing, developed, least developed, Muslim and petroleum exporting and emerging countries. The results of this study validate the dependence of economic growth on various factors. Fiscal balance has shown a consistent positive relationship with economic growth throughout the analyses. Fiscal balance and unemployment rate played their role in the growth of African countries. Inflation rates and increased openness were significant for some regions. Exchange rate did not return significant coefficients for any of the sub-regions. Government consumption, trade openness, policy interest rate and industrial production rate showed significant effect for different regions of the world.
Guilt- and Shame-Proneness and Their Relation to Perceptions of Dating Infidelity

This paper explores how proneness to guilt and shame is related to perceptions of dating infidelity. Research data was collected from 805 participants from Slovakia. Attitudes toward extradyadic behaviors were measured by the Perceptions of Dating Infidelity Scale. Guiltand shame-proneness were assessed by the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP). Results indicated that guiltand partially shame-proneness were associated with less permissive perceptions of dating infidelity. A moderating effect of age was found in both subscales of guilt-proneness and perceptions of sexual infidelity. Gender moderated the association between perceptions of deceptive behavior and negative self-evaluations of shame-proneness, such that this association was positive for women and negative for men.
How Far Can Brands Go to Defend Themselves? The Extent of Negative Publicity Impact on Proactive Consumer Behaviors and Brand Equity

Negative publicity, defined as the public disclosure of a problematic incident associated with a brand, is a critical issue for fashion brands, as it vitiates the image of targeted brands and drives consumers&#8217; voice and exit behaviors. Despite the impact of negative publicity, few studies have compared the impact of product&#8208;related versus personnel&#8208;related negative publicity, or explored the extent to which brands&#8217; coping strategies can prevent consumers&#8217; anti&#8208;brand behavioral intentions and recover brand equity. This study used multivariate analyses of variance to analyze responses from 594 American consumers, which revealed that when negative publicity is about a product&#8208;related issue, none of the brand's different recovery efforts are effective in decreasing consumers&#8217; voice and exit intentions and protecting brand equity. However, for a personnel&#8208;related issue, functional and informational recovery strategies were effective in decreasing consumer voice and exit intentions, and affective, functional, and informational recovery strategies positively impacted most domains of brand equity (brand judgement, brand feelings, and brand resonance). The following analysis of variance and post hoc analyses revealed the comparative effectiveness of specific recovery types. Discussions and implications of the findings are provided.
Hepatic effects of propofol in the hypoxic rat model

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of propofol on liver parenchyma in the presence of hypoxic conditions of different levels for different durations of time. 64 Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were used in the experiment. They were divided into two groups each containing 32 subjects. In one group rats were given propofol 2 mg/kg intraperitoneally, rats in the other group had no such administration. These two groups were divided into four subgroups (n=8). The subgroups were subjected to mild hypoxia (14% 02) and severe hypoxia (10% 02) for both short term (15 minutes) and a longer term (30 minutes). At the end of the experiment after decapitation, hepatectomy was performed and the specimen sections were examined using a light microscope. The histopathological examination of specimens from the liver of the subjects exposed to severe hypoxia for 30 minutes with propofol showed a significant decrease of congestion, disappearence of vacuolization and an increase in granularity when compared with the specimens of the control group under similar conditions without propofol. However observations of the specimens from the short term experiments either with or without propofol administration did not show such observations. On the other hand in the mild hypoxic group, the specimens from the subgroup treated with propofol showed insignificant granulation and congestion when compared to those without propofol treatment. It is thus concluded that, propofol may protect the liver from the effects of hypoxia by decreasing the oxygen demand of the organ.
Treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis by instrumented posterolateral versus instrumented posterolateral with transforaminal lumbar interbody single-level fusion.

Background The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes of patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis treated by posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF) versus PLF with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (PLF + TLIF). Studies of PLF versus PLF + TLIF have shown either equivalence or support for PLF + TLIF in lumbar spine surgery. Many are heterogeneous in the conditions treated, with few considering only spondylolisthesis of degenerative origin. Radiographic outcomes tend to favor PLF + TLIF, but this has not translated into better clinical outcomes. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. Forty-nine patients undergoing single-level PLF and seventy patients undergoing single-level PLF + TLIF with two-year follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), implant cost, surgical data, and complications were analyzed. Results There was no difference in ODI improvement at two-year follow-up between the cohorts (P=0.97). Dural tears were more common in the PLF cohort (P<0.01), but otherwise complication and reoperation rates were similar. Implant cost (P<0.01) and operative time (P=0.01) were higher in the PLF + TLIF cohort. Conclusions The addition of a TLIF to a PLF did not result in a functional improvement in the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis as measured by the ODI.
Generating Realistic Videos From Keyframes With Concatenated GANs

Given two video frames <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X_{n+1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, we aim to generate a series of intermediate frames <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Y_{1}, Y_{2}, \ldots, Y_{n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, such that the resulting video consisting of frames <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X_{0}, Y_{1}-Y_{n}, and X_{n+1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> appears realistic to a human watcher. Such video generation has numerous important applications, including video compression, movie production, slow-motion filming, video surveillance, and forensic analysis. Yet, video generation is highly challenging due to the vast search space of possible frames. Previous methods, mostly based on video prediction and/or video interpolation, tend to generate poor-quality videos with severe motion blur. This paper proposes a novel, end-to-end approach to video generation using generative adversarial networks (GANs). In particular, our design involves two concatenated GANs, one capturing motions and the other generating frame details. The loss function is also carefully engineered to include adversarial loss, gradient difference (for motion learning), and normalized product correlation loss (for frame details). Experiments using three video datasets, namely, Google Robotic Push, KTH human actions, and UCF101, demonstrate that the proposed solution generates high-quality, realistic, and sharp videos, whereas all previous solutions output noisy and blurry results.
Analisis Kandungan Mineral dalam Tanah Liat Alam Sulawesi Selatan sebagai Bahan Dasar Sintesis Keramik

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan mineral dalam tanah liat alam Sulawesi Selatan sebagai bahan dasar keramik yang dilakukan menggunakan XRF. Prinsip dasarnya adalah interaksi antara material dengan sinar X pada instrument. Hasil penlitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan terbesar dalam tanah liat adalah silika dan besi oksida. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tanah liat alam Sulawesi Selatan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar sintesis keramik. Kata kunci : Keramik, Pori, Gelcasting ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the mineral content in the natural clay of South Sulawesi as a ceramic base material that is done using XRF. The basic principle is the interaction between material with X-rays on the instrument. The results showed that the largest content in clay was silica and iron oxide. This shows that the natural clay of South Sulawesi can be used as the basic material of ceramic synthesis. Keywords : Ceramics, Pores, Gelcasting
The determinant factors of automotive industry investment decision in Indonesia

Automotive industry contributes directly and indirectly to economic growth in Indonesia. Investment in this industry has increased after declining in the previous years. This paper examines some internal and external factors influencing the investment decision in this industry by using E-views for listed automotive company in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2017. This study finds that both net cash flow from operation and investment opportunity set (IOS) as internal factors have a significant and positive relationship to the investment decision. The capital market pressure as an external factor has a significant and negative relationship to the investment decision. The composition of the independence commissioner as an external factor does not have a significant relationship to the investment decision. By comparing the coefficient of the significant variables, the net cash flow from operation is a dominant factor in the investment decision. This fact relates to the report published by Bank Indonesia, as a central bank, that the increasing free cash flow of corporation enhances the investment in Indonesia. This study contributes as a reference to the free cash flow literatures and the capital market authority especially in the developing country.
The World's Exploited Children: Growing Up Sadly.

This morograph , fourth in a series on labor development, cocusés on child exploitation in the context of child labor. The collection 'of' papers briefly discusses (11 the relation between conditions of poverty and the revalence of child labor in developing countries: (2) the lack cf effectiveness of labor legi! laticn in preventing child exploitation in developing countries: (3)the negative effects of menial labor on the cognitive and physical development, health and social mobility of child workers: (4)considerations' in setting minimum age laws concerning child . labor: and (51 'proposals to protect children who are obliged to work. Also included are the Declaration of the Pights of the Child as adopted by the United Nations Géneral Assembly-and two statements by the International Labor Organi'zati en Convention. 138 and Recommendation 146 concerning minimum age for admission to employment. (SS) The World's Exploited Children: Growing Up Sadly By William James Knight U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of international Labor Affairs Monograph No. 4 • Ray Marshall Secretary of Labor Dean K. Cloves Deputy Under Secretary International Affairs
Fiscal management, public management efficiency and socioeconomic development of Ceará municipalities

Resumo A administração pública tem o papel na sociedade de gerenciar o patrimônio público de modo a proporcionar melhores níveis de bem-estar social, promovendo maior desenvolvimento socioeconômico. A utilização eficiente dos recursos públicos apresenta-se como um princípio básico para que a gestão pública alcance seus objetivos. Além disso, a transparência e o controle, proporcionados pela gestão fiscal, apresentam-se como fatores capazes de otimizar os resultados no setor público, uma vez que conduzem os gestores públicos a boas práticas gerenciais. Nesse contexto, este artigo analisa os efeitos da gestão fiscal e da eficiência da gestão pública no desenvolvimento socioeconômico municipal. Utilizou-se a análise envoltória de dados (data envelopment analysis - DEA) e regressão linear para analisar os 184 municípios cearenses, no período de 2007 a 2013. Os resultados indicam que a gestão fiscal e a eficiência da gestão pública influenciam positivamente o desenvolvimento socioeconômico municipal, sinalizando que os gestores públicos devem melhorar a eficiência de sua gestão e observar as regras de controle fiscal.
Properties of the Impact of Vision Impairment and Night Vision Questionnaires Among People With Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Purpose To explore the psychometric properties of the Impact of Vision Impairment (IVI-28) and Night Vision Questionnaires (NVQ-10) among people with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD). Methods Baseline responses were collected from 288 participants (aged 50–88 years, 74% female) in the Laser intervention in Early stages of Age-related macular Degeneration (LEAD) study in Australia and Northern Ireland. Psychometric properties (discrimination, ordering of thresholds, person separation, item miss-fit, and differential item functioning according to sex) were explored using grouped rating scale and partial credit models. Spearman's correlation was estimated to assess the association with measures of visual function (mean mesopic microperimetric sensitivity, best-corrected visual acuity, low-luminance visual acuity, and low-luminance deficit). The psychometric properties were then explored following recalibration of the instruments. Results In this homogenous population, ceiling effects caused by relatively high levels of functional vision were evident for both instruments. The IVI-28 and NVQ-10 displayed suboptimal discrimination between levels of functional vision in iAMD and poor targeting among people with iAMD. The correlation between ability scores and measures of visual function was mild. In general, the NVQ-10 showed superior psychometric properties to the IVI-28 among these participants. No significant improvement in reliability could be gained following recalibration. Conclusions Both instruments were designed for populations with more severe visual loss and poorly discriminate in this cohort of iAMD. Translational Relevance New instruments that can capture the subtle changes in functional vision that occur early in AMD are required to aid evaluation of emerging interventions for iAMD.
Modelling value-added tax (VAT) in South Africa: Assessing the distributional impact of the recent increase in the VAT rate and options for redress through the benefits system

Using SAMOD, a tax-benefit microsimulation model for South Africa, this paper examines the joint distributional impact of the increase in the value-added tax (VAT) rate and increases in benefit amounts in 2018. Although poverty and inequality did not increase overall, the poorest still saw a reduction in their purchasing power, as many of those in the lowest decile do not receive any social benefits.The paper then explores the consequences of eliminating zero-rating in VAT and using the generated revenues to finance new social benefits. The results suggest that a policy package of a uniform VAT and an expanded set of social benefits would lead to reduced poverty and inequality in comparison to the current practice of zero rating of some consumption goods in the VAT.The findings demonstrate the superiority of using direct taxes and benefits as opposed to provisions in indirect taxes in achieving redistribution.
Functional Neuroanatomy of Time-To-Passage Perception

The time until an approaching object passes the observer is referred to as time-to-passage (TTP). Accurate judgment of TTP is critical for visually guided navigation, such as when walking, riding a bicycle, or driving a car. Previous research has shown that observers are able to make TTP judgments in the absence of information about local retinal object expansion. In this paper we combine psychophysics and functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate the neural substrate of TTP processing. In a previous psychophysical study, we demonstrated that when local retinal expansion cues are not available, observers take advantage of multiple sources of information to judge TTP, such as optic flow and object retinal velocities, and integrate these cues through a flexible and economic strategy. To induce strategy changes, we introduced trials with motion but without coherent optic flow (0% coherence of the background), and trials with coherent, but noisy, optic flow (75% coherence of the background). In a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study we found that coherent optic flow cues resulted in better behavioral performance as well as higher and broader cortical activations across the visual motion processing pathway. Blood oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes showed significant involvement of optic flow processing in the precentral sulcus (PreCS), postcentral sulcus (PostCS) and middle temporal gyrus (MTG) across all conditions. Not only highly activated during motion processing, bilateral hMT areas also showed a complex pattern in TTP judgment processing, which reflected a flexible TTP response strategy.
What is the Relationship among Patients' Position and Intra-abdominal Pressure and Mean Arterial Pressure?

Background: The prevalence of intra-abdominal hypertension in ICU patients is about 50% and can be affected by changing the position of the patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between changing patient positions in bed with intra-abdominal pressure and mean arterial pressure among mechanically ventilated patients in ICU. Methods: This study was a clinical trial conducted on 68 patients admitted in intensive care units of Imam Khomeini hospital of Urmia city, Iran. The patients were selected through convenience sampling based on the inclusion criteria. In this study, the effects of changes in five positions (0, 15, 30, 45, left and right lateral position with 30 degrees) on the mean arterial pressure was evaluated. Statistical tests such as chi square and repeated measures ANOVA were used as well. All analyzes were performed using SPSS 21. Results: In this study, there were 24 men (35.3%) and 44 women (64.7%). The mean age, weight and height of patients were 70.35±16.98 years, 75.76±9.77 kg and 168.82±8.14 cm, respectively. There was no significant difference regarding intra-abdominal pressure by gender (p<0.05). There was a significant difference regarding intra-abdominal pressure between first, second, fourth and fifth measurements (p<0.001). There was a significant difference regarding mean arterial pressure between first, second, third, fourth and fifth measurements (p<0.001). Significant differences were observed between the fifth and fourth mean arterial pressure measurements as well (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the changing of patient's body position from supine to higher positions lead to the increase of intra-abdominal pressure.
Aid and exchange rates in sub-Saharan Africa: No more Dutch Disease?

Given the significant inflows of foreign aid to sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) the possibility of Dutch Disease has been a concern. Most macroeconomic models predict that aid inflows, especially if large and/or unanticipated (shocks), will lead to an appreciation of the real exchange rate and undermine the competitiveness of the economy. Empirical evidence is inconclusive, but a common presumption is that aid has been associated with Dutch Disease effects in SSA. Previous empirical studies rely on annual data and few include data since themid-2000s. This paper focuses on themore recent period employing monthly time series data for ten countries over 2001 to 2017 to estimate a structural VAR. For the majority of countries aid has no or a minimal effect on the real exchange rate; there is evidence of a significant real appreciation in only two countries. Additional analysis shows that commodity export prices are a more important determinant of the real exchange rate, with an effect on average twice that of aid. The paper conjectures that the absence of a Dutch Disease effect since the 2000s is due to a declining level of aid inflows and improved macroeconomic management.