Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis on the effectiveness of the 20-H rule for printed-circuit-board layout to reduce edge-radiated coupling

This paper presents the quantified study of the electromagnetic radiation mechanism of the 20-H rule using a numerical approach that has not yet been systematically addressed. The 20-H rule is a rule-of-thumb layout technique recommended to minimize radiated fields propagating from the edges of a printed circuit board (PCB) coupling onto nearby structures. Propagating electromagnetic fields may corrupt adjacent cable assemblies, sheet metal enclosures, and aperture openings. The magnitude of this design rule is investigated using the full-wave finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. An analysis on whether benefits exist from use of this rule is examined and under what conditions the rule is valid when correctly implemented. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the validity of the 20-H rule, recognizing that every PCB will have different simulation results. FDTD is used to capture a snapshot view of field propagation. This view allows one to determine the validity of the 20-H rule at a single point of time within a dynamic structure and what may be expected when digital components are finally added to a PCB assembly, which generally negates simulated results.
FAMILIAL LUMBO–SACRAL SYRINGOMYELIA AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DEVELOPMENTAL ERRORS OF THE SPINAL CORD AND COLUMN

S FROM MEDICAL LITERATUREDermatology 468 Urology " 468 BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION NEWSScientific 470 MEDICAL SOCIETIESThe Medical Defence Society of Queensland 473 NAVAL, MILITARY AND AIR FORCEAppointments 474 POST-GRADUATE WORKThe Post-Graduate Committee in Medicine in the University of Sydney 475 CORRESPONDENCEThe Government and the Medical Profession 475 Magnesium in Dysmenorrhcea 475 AUSTRALIAN MEDICAL BOARD PROCEEDINGSTasmania 475 Queensland 475 CONGRESSESFirst International Congress of Biochemistry 476 OBITUARYSidney Valentine Sewell . 476 John Harvey Johnston . 476 NOTICES. E. Jones Memorial Fund 476 NOMINATIONS AND ELECTIONS 476 DIARY FOR THE MONTH 476 MEDICAL APPOINTMENTS, IMPORTANT NOTICE 476 EDITORIAL NOTICES 476 465 462 463 463 463 463 464 464 BOOKS RECEIVED .
Embedding theorems for multiplicative systems and projective geometries

Introduction. It has been shown in a recent paper (see [5]) that any countable group can be embedded in a group generated by two elements. We show here that any countable loop (quasigroup, groupoid) can be embedded in a loop (quasigroup, groupoid) generated by one element, any countable semigroup can be embedded in a semigroup generated by two elements, and any countable projective plane can be embedded in a projective plane generated by four points. No such embedding theorem exists for some systems, such as abelian groups, and some light is thrown on the general problem by the following theorem. Let ? f be a class of algebras, (E1) the property that there is a number m such that any countable 2-algebra can be embedded in an 21-algebra generated by m elements, (E2) the property that there is a number n such that the free W-algebra on n generators contains a free subalgebra on a countable number of generators. Then if 2I has property (E1), it has also property (E2) and n ? m.
Biochemical studies of bacterial sporulation and germination. XXII. Energy metabolism in early stages of germination of Bacillus megaterium spores.

Abstract Dormant spores of Bacillus megaterium contain DPN+, TPN+, and FAD at levels comparable to those in log phase vegetative cells, but little or no reduced pyridine nucleotides are present. The levels of free nucleotides, the most abundant of which are the adenine nucleotides, are also similar in spores and cells. In cells, however, 80% of the adenine nucleotide pool is ATP, whereas in spores it is less than 1%. During germination, ATP levels develop in three stages. Within the first 5 min (Stage I), there is a sharp increase derived from the 3-phospho-d-glyceric acid depot and also from exogenous metabolites if available. The level is maintained for about 15 min (Stage II) by endogenous or exogenous metabolites. In Stage III, the ATP level increases as a result of biosynthesis of adenine nucleotides, and exogenous carbon and phosphate sources are required. The pathways of energy metabolism are aerobic and cyanide-sensitive in Stages II and III, and the enzymes required for energy metabolism in all three stages are previously formed and present in the dormant spore.
What is in a name? Spatial brain circuits are used to track discourse references

Pronouns are commonly used instead of explicitly repeating a name, and, in many cases, we comprehend language faster when pronouns are used instead of repetitive references. This is surprising because pronouns are often ambiguous, whereas repeated names provide precise reference. We used functional MRI to investigate the neural correlates of this paradoxical preference. Reading repeated names elicited more activation than pronouns in the middle and inferior temporal gyri and intraparietal sulcus. The temporal lobe activation suggests that repeated names but not pronouns evoke multiple representations that have to be integrated. The intraparietal sulcus activation suggests that this integration relies on brain regions used for spatial attention and perceptual integration.
SQuAD Question Answering Dataset : CS 224 N Assn 4

We solve the contextual question answering problem, which is an essential part in many automated question-answering datasets. Recently the SQuAD dataset [1] was uploaded and there were several deep learning approaches proposed to solve this. We implement a modified version of one of them, the Dynamic Coattention model as well as simple baseline.
CLINICAL STUDIES ON KALMEGH (ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA NEES) IN INFECTIVE HEPATITIS

Infective hepatitis ia an acute inflamatory condition of liver. It is usually manifested in the form of Jaundice. In this clinical study Kalmegh(Andrographis paniculata Nees) was given in the decoction form to the patients of infective hepitis. The results were assessed on the basis of clinical and biochemical parameters. A marked symptomatic improvement in majority of the cases was observed. A statistically highly significant decrease was noted in various liver function tests viz., serum bilirubin, thymol turbidity, alkaline phosphatase, S.G. O.T. ; S.G. P.T. and serum globulin fraction of protein. Moreover it increased significantly total serum globulin fraction of protien. Moreover it increased significantly total serum protein level along with albumin fraction. On the total assessment 80% cases of this series were cured and 20% patients were relieved. Therefore, Kalmegh appears to be a useful remedy for the treatment of infective hepatitis.
A complementary approach to resonant-repetitive controllers for the control of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)

This paper deals with the control of uninterruptible power supplies via the combination of repetitive and resonant controllers. Combining the controllers is motivated by performance criteria: while the resonant controller is designed to guarantee asymptotic tracking of the reference, a good level of disturbance rejection and dynamic performance is achieved by the repetitive controller. Complementary filters will be used to integrate the controllers so that a simple implementation strategy is devised. A numerical example evidencing the benefits of the proposed approach is presented.
Segment polarity genes in neuroblast formation and identity specification during Drosophila neurogenesis

The relatively simple central nervous system (CNS) of the Drosophila embryo provides a useful model system for investigating the mechanisms that generate and pattern complex nervous systems. Central to the generation of different types of neurons by precursor neuroblasts is the initial specification of neuroblast identity and the Drosophila segment polarity genes, genes that specify regions within a segment or repeating unit of the Drosophila embryo, have emerged recently as significant players in this process. During neurogenesis the segment polarity genes are expressed in the neuroectodermal cells from which neuroblasts delaminate and they continue to be expressed in neuroblasts and their progeny. Loss‐of‐function mutations in these genes lead to a failure in the formation of neuroblasts and/or specification of neuroblast identity. Results from several recent studies suggest that regulatory interactions between segment polarity genes during neurogenesis lead to an increase in the number of neuroblasts and specification of different identities to neuroblasts within a population of cells. BioEssays 21:472–485, 1999. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
La medición de la intensidad del entrenamiento en personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo leve y Alzheimer leve

Introduccion: Cada vez existe mayor evidencia sobre los beneficios de la actividad fisica para personas con deterioro cognitivo. Sin embargo, existe una importante carencia de pautas metodologicas especificas para trabajar con estas poblaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comprobar la eficacia del uso de una escala de esfuerzo percibido para el control de la intensidad en personas con deterioro cognitivo. Metodo: Para este estudio cuantitativocualitativo, se reclutaron siete personas mayores (76±6 anos) diagnosticadas con deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) y principio de Alzheimer en el Hospital de San Vicente del Raspeig. Los sujetos participaban en un programa de actividad fisica en la Universidad de Alicante tres dias a la semana, una hora por sesion. Durante 67 sesiones, se midio la percepcion subjetiva del esfuerzo a traves de la escala OMNI-GSE y se comparo con la respuesta fisiologica ante el ejercicio, medida con pulsometros Polar. A su vez, se llevo a cabo un diario de campo durante las sesiones para anotar cualquier observacion o comentario relevante. Los resultados cuantitativos se analizaron con el programa SPSS 18.0 y los cualitativos mediante un analisis convencional de contenido. Resultados: El analisis de correlacion parcial controlando por la edad mostro que la frecuencia cardiaca y la percepcion del esfuerzo se correlacionaban positivamente de manera moderada-alta (0,719; p=0,000). Sin embargo, a mayor intensidad del ejercicio mas difusas se volvian las correlaciones. A su vez, en ejercicios con un componente cognitivo elevado, la sensacion era de mayor dureza, pese a que fisiologicamente no se mostraba esta aparente intensidad. Conclusiones: A pesar de algunas limitaciones, parece que la escala OMNI-GSE puede servir como herramienta de control de intensidad y del esfuerzo, para aquellas personas diagnosticadas con DCL y Alzheimer leve, sobre todo a intensidades bajas y moderadas. Es necesario un mayor numero de investigaciones para corroborar estos datos y para establecer estrategias alternativas en intensidades altas o ejercicios con alto componente cognitivo.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of the educated and non-educated women to cancer of the breast in semi-urban and rural areas of SouthWest, Nigeria.

OBJECTIVES That women with cancer of the breast seek medical help late is a common occurrence in developing countries. We decided to see if education and environment play any role in this and in cancer screening. A semi-structured questionnaire was drawn to inquire about knowledge, attitude (beliefs) and practices of women to breast cancer and available cancer screening methods in their environment- particularly Self and Clinical Breast Examination. PATIENTS AND METHODS The questionnaires, prepared in English and vernacular, were given to women and women relations seen in the surgical clinics and wards of Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo and some primary health centers, for various ailments. Traders in market places and rural communities were included. RESULTS Analysis was by SPSS, chi-square, percentage frequency and tested at probability level of 0.05. Eight hundred and thirty two respondents were collected. Six hundred and twenty five (72.2%) were from Semi-urban while 207(27.8%) were from the rural regions. The age range was between 15 and 72 years with a mean age of 30.89+/-11.58. The educational level showed that 304(36.4%) had tertiary education. Six hundred and four (72.6%) have previous knowledge of cancer of the breast, 149(17.4%) offered possible aetiological reasons, and 341(41.1%) have some knowledge of associated symptoms. Available screening methods of Self and Clinical breast examination was practised by 393(47.2%) of the respondents. One hundred and fifty five (32.3%) would give consent to mastectomy while as many as 619(74.4%) have deep fear of the disease. CONCLUSION Despite a relatively high literate level in the study group, knowledge of aetiological causes of breast cancer, including risk factors is abysmally low; so is knowledge and attitude to symptoms. Because of this poor/inadequate knowledge, as well as available screening methods, efforts should be made to upgrade the knowledge of our women through Information, Education and Communication (I.E.C) on cancer of the Breast and the consequences of late presentation.
In Vitro Effects of Dentin Matrix Protein-1 on Hydroxyapatite Formation Provide Insights into in Vivo Functions*

Dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1) is a mineralized tissue matrix protein synthesized by osteoblasts, hypertrophic chondrocytes, and ameloblasts as well as odontoblasts. DMP1 is believed to have multiple in vivo functions, acting both as a signaling molecule and a regulator of biomineralization. Using a cell-free system in vitro, we evaluated the action of DMP1 in the regulation of hydroxylapatite (HA) formation and crystal growth. The non-phosphorylated recombinant protein acted as an HA nucleator, increasing the amount of mineral formed in a gelatin gel HA growth system relative to protein-free controls. The recombinant protein phosphorylated in vitro had no detectable effect on HA formation and growth. In contrast, phosphorylated bovine DMP1 expressed in marrow stromal cells with an adenovirus vector containing 29.7 phosphates/mol was an effective inhibitor of HA formation and growth. The native full-length protein appeared to be absent or present in only small amounts in the extracellular matrix of bones and teeth. However, two highly phosphorylated fragments representing the N- and C-terminal portions of DMP1 have been identified, apparently arising from proteolytic cleavage of four X–Asp bonds. The highly phosphorylated C-terminal 57-kDa fragment (containing 42 phosphates/mol), like the non-phosphorylated DMP1, was an HA nucleator. These data suggest that, in its native form, DMP1 inhibits mineralization, but when cleaved or dephosphorylated, it initiates mineralization. These in vitro data are consistent with the findings in the DMP1 knockout mouse.
REDUCED ADRENAL AMINE SYNTHESIS IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS AFTER LONG‐TERM TREATMENT WITH PROPRANOLOL

Male spontaneously hypertensive rats were either fed a diet containing 3 mg/g of (±)‐propranolol, giving a mean daily intake of 178 ± 4.2 mg/kg, or a control diet from 7 weeks of age for 6 months. Three days after cessation of propranolol‐treatment, the arterial blood pressure of the treated group was about 10% lower than that of the control group. Adrenal dopamine content and tyrosine hydroxylase activity were reduced to 76% and 71% of the control values, respectively. The results indicate that propranolol causes a reduced sympathetic discharge through its central action, although blockade of β‐adrenoceptor‐mediated local regulatory mechanisms cannot be excluded.
Why Do Users Contribute to Firm-Hosted User Communities? The Case of Computer-Controlled Music Instruments

Studies of the sources of innovations have recognized that many innovations are developed by users. However, the fact that firms employ communities of users to strengthen their innovation process has not yet received much attention. In online firm-hosted user communities, users freely reveal innovations to a firm's product platform, which can put the firm in a favorable position (a) because these new product features become available to all users through sharing on a user-to-user basis, or (b) because it allows the firm to pick up the innovations and integrate them in future products and then benefit by selling them to all users. We study the key personal attributes of the individuals responsible for innovations, namely the innovative users, to explain creation of value in this organizational context. The main question is why such users contribute to firm-hosted user communities. Analyzing data derived from multiple sources (interviews, a Web-log, and questionnaires), we find that innovative users are likely to be (i) hobbyists, an attribute that can be assumed to (positively) affect innovators' willingness to share innovations, and (ii) responsive to firm recognition as a motivating factor for undertaking innovation, which explains their decision to join the firm's domain. In agreement with earlier studies, we also find that innovative users are likely to be lead users, an attribute that we assume to affect the quality of user innovation. Whether or not a firm-hosted user community can be turned into an asset for the firm is to a great extent conditional on the issues studied in this paper.
HCV F1/F2 patients: treat now or continue to wait

The treatment of chronic HCV is evolving rapidly. In 2014, three new oral antiviral agents, simeprevir, faldeprevir and sofosbuvir will become available for patients with HCV genotype 1. These agents have far less side effects than the first generation protease inhibitors telaprevir and boceprevir. Treatment will therefore be easier for patients to tolerate but still require peginterferon and ribavirin (PEGINF/RBV). The first IFN free therapy, sofosbuvir (SOF) and ribavirin (RBV), will also become available in 2014. This treatment is highly effective for patients with HCV genotype 2. However, SVR rates with SOF/RBV appear to be similar to that achieved with PEGINF/RBV in patients with HCV genotype 3. The first IFN‐free all oral antiviral therapy combination for patients with HCV genotype 1 may be available late in 2014 or early 2015. The factors which should be considered when deciding whether to treat a patient with HCV now or to delay treatment until IFN free therapies are available is discussed.
The tissue distribution and functional characterization of human VR1.

The irritant action of capsaicin is mediated by the vanilloid receptor, VR1, which is expressed in sensory neurons termed nociceptors. Capsaicin also desensitizes nociceptors and, thus, is useful clinically as an analgesic. Given the potential importance of VR1 in pain, we have cloned the human capsaicin receptor, hVR1, from a human dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cDNA library. Human VR1 protein is 85% identical to the rat VR1 and many of the amino acid differences are concentrated at the amino and carboxyl termini. VR1 is expressed in DRG as an approximately 4.2 kilobase RNA, and is also expressed in the central nervous system and in the kidney. Capsaicin (EC(50) = 853 nM), low pH (<5.5), and noxious heat (44 degrees C) activate hVR1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Subthreshold pH (6.4) sensitizes VR1 to capsaicin (EC(50) = 221 nM). This study demonstrates the similarity of human and rat VR1 in integrating multiple noxious stimuli.
Approximating fixed points of non-self asymptotically nonexpansivemappings in Banach spaces

Suppose K is a nonempty closed convex nonexpansive retract of a real uniformly convex Banach space E with P as a nonexpansive retraction. Let T:K→E be an asymptotically nonexpansive mapping with {kn}⊂[1,∞) such that ∑n=1∞(kn−1)<∞ and F(T) is nonempty, where F(T) denotes the fixed points set of T. Let {αn}, {αn'}, and {αn''} be real sequences in (0,1) and e≤αn,αn',αn''≤1−e for all n∈ℕ and some e>0. Starting from arbitrary x1∈K, define the sequence {xn} by x1∈K, zn=P(αn''T(PT)n−1xn
Regulation of Drug Transporter Expression in Human Hepatocytes Exposed to the Proinflammatory Cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor-α or Interleukin-6

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 are proinflammatory cytokines known to alter expression of drug transporters in rodent liver. However, their effects toward human hepatic transporters remain poorly characterized. Therefore, this study was designed to analyze the effects of these cytokines on drug transporter expression in primary human hepatocytes. Exposure to 100 ng/ml TNF-α or 10 ng/ml IL-6 for 48 h was found to down-regulate mRNA levels of major sinusoidal influx transporters, including sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, organic cation transporter (OCT) 1, and organic anion transporter 2. TNF-α and IL-6 concomitantly reduced NTCP and OATP1B1 protein expression and NTCP, OATP, and OCT1 transport activities. IL-6, but not TNF-α, was also found to decrease mRNA expression of the canalicular transporters multidrug resistance 1 gene, multidrug resistance gene-associated protein (MRP) 2, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP); it concomitantly decreased MRP2 and BCRP protein expression. TNF-α, unlike IL-6, markedly reduced bile salt export pump mRNA levels and increased BCRP protein expression. Expression of the sinusoidal MRP3 efflux pump was found to be up-regulated at protein level by both TNF-α and IL-6. Taken together, these data show that TNF-α and IL-6 similarly altered expression of sinusoidal drug transporters and rather differentially that of canalicular efflux transporters. Such pronounced changes in hepatic transporter expression are likely to contribute to both cholestasis and alterations of pharmacokinetics caused by inflammation in humans.
Prothymosin alpha‐deficiency enhances anxiety‐like behaviors and impairs learning/memory functions and neurogenesis

Prothymosin alpha (ProTα) is expressed in various mammalian organs including the neuronal nuclei in the brain, and is involved in multiple functions, such as chromatin remodeling, transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation, and survival. ProTα has beneficial actions against ischemia‐induced necrosis and apoptosis in the brain and retina. However, characterizing the physiological roles of endogenous ProTα in the brain without stress remains elusive. Here, we generated ProTα‐deficiency mice to explore whether endogenous ProTα is involved in normal brain functions. We successfully generated heterozygous ProTα knockout (ProTα+/−) mice, while all homozygous ProTα knockout (ProTα−/−) offspring died at early embryonic stage, suggesting that ProTα has crucial roles in embryonic development. In the evaluation of different behavioral tests, ProTα+/− mice exhibited hypolocomotor activity in the open‐field test and enhanced anxiety‐like behaviors in the light/dark transition test and the novelty induced hypophagia test. ProTα+/− mice also showed impaired learning and memory in the step‐through passive avoidance test and the KUROBOX test. Depression‐like behaviors in ProTα+/− mice in the forced swim and tail suspension tests were comparable with that of wild‐type mice. Furthermore, adult hippocampal neurogenesis was significantly decreased in ProTα+/− mice. ProTα+/− mice showed an impaired long‐term potentiation induction in the evaluation of electrophysiological recordings from acute hippocampal slices. Microarray analysis revealed that the candidate genes related to anxiety, learning/memory‐functions, and neurogenesis were down‐regulated in ProTα+/− mice. Thus, this study suggests that ProTα has crucial physiological roles in the robustness of brain.