Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HOW INNOVATION ENCOURAGES SELF EFFICACY TO SUPPORT BUSINESS START UP SUCCESS

A business start up is identical to a new business run by an entrepeneur to gain profit. The research is to analyze the function of the entrepreneurship training given by Universitas Ciputra Surabaya to the villagers in Desa Mojowarno. The objectives of the research are: 1) to learn the proper innovation technique to increase the self efficacy of the entrepreneur/participant, 2) to understand the impact of the increased self-efficacy towards the business continuity managed by the entrepreneur/participant. The research method used is qualitative descriptive analysis with the subject of the research are entrepreneurs (ten training participants) who managed banana trunk chips in Mojowarno. The validation technique used in this research is triangulation data method with participative observation, in depth interview and documentation (photo and video of the participants’ capability). The result of the research: 1) Innovation realization (5+1 concept) succeeded in increasing the self efficacy of the participants (ten training participants); 2) The self-efficacy increase provides a positive impact (business increase) so that the entrepreneur has an additional income. It is suggested that the entrepreneur must keep on innovating innovated to increase their self-efficacy so that the business can improve the continuity. Keywords: descriptive qualitative, innovation, self-efficacy, business entrepreneur start up, training ABSTRAK Start-up bisnis identik dengan usaha baru yang dijalankan oleh seorang entrepreneur untuk mendapatkan keuntungan. Penelitian ini menganalisis peran pelatihan kewirausahaan yang diberikan Universitas Ciputra Surabaya kepada masyarakat Desa Mojowarno. Tujuan penelitian ini terdiri dari: 1) mengetahui teknik yang tepat untuk berinovasi guna meningkatkan self-efficacy dari entrepreneur/peseta yang mengikuti pelatihan, 2) Mengetahui dampak dari peningkatan self-efficacy terhadap keberlangsungan bisnis yang dijalankan oleh entrepreneur/peserta pelatihan kewirausahaan. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis kualitatif deskriptif dengan subjek penelitian adalah entrepreneur(sepuluh orang peserta pelatihan kewirausahaan) yang menjalankan bisnis keripik bonggol pisang di Mojowarno. Teknik validasi dalam penelitian menggunakan metode triangglasi data dengan observasi parisipatif, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi (foto dan video kemampuan peserta). Hasil penelitian: 1) Realisasi inovasi(konsep 5+1) berhasil mendorong peningkatan self-efficacy dari entrepreneur(sepuluh peserta pelatihan), 2) Peningkatan self-eficacy memberikan dampak positif(peningkatan bisnis) sehingga entrepreneur(peserta pelatihan) sudah memiliki pendapatan tambahan. Saran bagi entrepreneur harus terus berinovasi untuk peningkatan self-efficacy sehingga peningkatan bisnis terus berlangsung. Kata kunci: kualitatif deskriptif, inovasi, self-efficacy, start-up bisnis,entrepreneur, pelatihan
Complete mitochondrial genomes of Bos taurus and Bos indicus provide new insights into intra-species variation, taxonomy and domestication

The taurine and zebuine cattle breeds comprise the majority of the world cattle population but their taxonomic status is still controversial. The two forms of cattle are currently classified as Bos taurus and Bos indicus species and are differentiated primarily by the presence or absence of a hump. However, these two species hybridize readily, producing fully fertile offspring. We have determined and analyzed complete B. taurus and B. indicus mitochondrial genome sequences to investigate the extent of sequence divergences and to study their taxonomic status by molecular dating. The sequences encompassed 16,338 and 16,339 nucleotides, respectively, and differed at 237 positions. Estimated divergence times indicated that the two cattle lineages separated 1.7–2.0 million years ago. Combined phylogenetic analyses of 18 new and 130 previously reported extant B. taurus and B. indicus control region sequences with data from 32 archaeological specimens of the extinct wild aurochs (Bos primigenius) identified four major maternal lineages. B. primigenius haplotypes were present in all but the B. indicus lineage, and one B. taurus sequence clustered with B. primigenius P haplotypes that were not previously linked with domestic cattle. The B. indicus cluster and a recently reported new B. primigenius haplotype that represents a new lineage were approximately equidistant from the B. taurus cluster. These data suggest domestications from several differentiated populations of B. primigenius and a subspecies status for taurine (B. primigenius taurus) and zebuine (B. primigenius indicus) cattle.
Postoperative Apnea in Preterm Infants

Preterm infants may become apneic during the immediate postoperative period. To define this risk, the authors studied prospectively the breathing patterns of 47 preterm infants less than 60 weeks postconception with pneumocardiograms before and after general inhalational anesthesia. Eighteen infants (37%) had prolonged apnea (>15 s) postoperatively, and an additional seven infants (14%) had short apnea (6–15 s) postoperatively. An infant's risk of prolonged and short postoperative apnea was related to a young postconceptional age (P < 0.05) and to a history of necrotizing enterocolitis (P < 0.01). Furthermore, as the postconceptional age of the infant increased, the risk of postoperative apnea decreased proportionately (P < 0.025). Among the 18 infants with prolonged apnea, 83% experienced multiple apneic episodes. Manual stimulation was required in order for breathing to return in 13 (72%) of the infants. Breathing resumed spontaneously in four (22%) of the infants, and one infant required mechanical ventilation due to repeated prolonged apnea. The first apneic event occurred within 2 h postoperatively in 13 of the infants (72%); the remaining five infants (28%) had their initial apneic episode as late as 12 h after operation. The postoperative time to the last prolonged apneic event was inversely related to the postconceptional age (P < 0.01, r = −0.70) and extended up to 48 h postoperatively. The preoperative pneumocardiogram was not a reliable test for predicting postoperative apnea (sensitivity 56%, specificity 83%). Four infants with normal preoperative breathing pattern and no preoperative history of apnea experienced prolonged apnea after operation. These results confirm that, in preterm infants, apnea is a common problem following anesthesia. The authors conclude that preterm infants younger than 60 postconceptional weeks of age should be monitored continuously for at least 12 h postoperatively in order to prevent apnea-related complications.
Machine Learning Amplifies the Effect of Parental Family History of Alzheimer's Disease on List Learning Strategy

Abstract Identification of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an essential first step in developing interventions to prevent or delay disease onset. In this study, we examine the hypothesis that deeper analyses of traditional cognitive tests may be useful in identifying subtle but potentially important learning and memory differences in asymptomatic populations that differ in risk for developing Alzheimer's disease. Subjects included 879 asymptomatic higher-risk persons (middle-aged children of parents with AD) and 355 asymptotic lower-risk persons (middle-aged children of parents without AD). All were administered the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test at baseline. Using machine learning approaches, we constructed a new measure that exploited finer differences in memory strategy than previous work focused on serial position and subjective organization. The new measure, based on stochastic gradient descent, provides a greater degree of statistical separation (p = 1.44 × 10−5) than previously observed for asymptomatic family history and non-family history groups, while controlling for apolipoprotein epsilon 4, age, gender, and education level. The results of our machine learning approach support analyzing memory strategy in detail to probe potential disease onset. Such distinct differences may be exploited in asymptomatic middle-aged persons as a potential risk factor for AD. (JINS, 2012, 18, 428–439)
Intergenerational Differences and their Relation to Recruitment and Retention in a Rapidly Changing Public Safety Workplace: Applying a 12-Factor, 4-Tier Model of Organizational Health

From an organizational health perspective, the impacts of current workplace stresses manifest in terms of recruitment and retention challenges, increased rates of physical and mental illness, and more that cause a consequent erosion of operational effectiveness. Several factors unique to government employment add additional stress, including fewer career advancement opportunities, managing outsourcing results and balancing client service quality with political considerations. Within this environment, managers often feel overwhelmed by the wide array of HR and operational challenges. The 12-factor, 4-tier Organizational Health Model used in this case study is based upon a risk and resilience approach and provides a quantifiable, explanatory approach to the critical problems confronting the contemporary work environment. This paper describes the model, and details a case example of its application to a large justice sector organization struggling with a wide range of previously intransigent challenges.
Measuring the Channels of Monetary Policy Transmission: A Factor-Augmented Vector Autoregressive (Favar) Approach

Abstract There is more consensus on the effects of monetary policy than its transmission mechanism. Two channels of transmission mechanisms are the conventional interest rate channel and the credit channel. I investigate the channels of monetary policy transmission in the U.S. using the factor-augmented vector autoregressive (FAVAR) models developed by Bernanke, Boivin & Eliasz (2005). The newly developed FAVAR approach allows the researcher to include all relevant macroeconomic variables in the model and analyze them. Therefore, the FAVAR models span a larger information set and generate better estimates of impulse response functions than the commonly used vector autoregressive (VAR) models that utilize only 4–8 variables. I include 154 monthly U.S. time series variables for the period 1970–2014. The findings support the existence of the credit channel in the U.S. The conclusion remains the same when the non-borrowed reserve operating regime (October 1979–October 1982) is removed from the sample period.
Nonlinear Speed Control for PMSM System Using Sliding-Mode Control and Disturbance Compensation Techniques

In order to optimize the speed-control performance of the permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) system with different disturbances and uncertainties, a nonlinear speed-control algorithm for the PMSM servo systems using sliding-mode control and disturbance compensation techniques is developed in this paper. First, a sliding-mode control method based on one novel sliding-mode reaching law (SMRL) is presented. This SMRL can dynamically adapt to the variations of the controlled system, which allows chattering reduction on control input while maintaining high tracking performance of the controller. Then, an extended sliding-mode disturbance observer is proposed to estimate lumped uncertainties directly, to compensate strong disturbances and achieve high servo precisions. Simulation and experimental results both show the validity of the proposed control approach.
Can a Boxer Engine Reduce Leg Injuries Among Motorcyclists? Analysis of Injury Distributions in Crashes Involving Different Motorcycles Fitted with Antilock Brakes (ABS)

Objectives: Several studies have shown that motorcycle antilock braking systems (ABS) reduce crashes and injuries. However, it has been suggested that the improved stability provided by ABS would make upright crashes more frequent, thus changing the injury distributions among motorcyclists and increasing the risk of leg injuries. The overall motorcycle design can vary across different categories and manufacturers. For instance, some motorcycles are equipped with boxer-twin engines; that is, with protruding cylinder heads. A previous study based on a limited material has suggested that these could provide some leg protection; therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze injury distributions in crashes involving ABS-equipped motorcycles with boxer-twin engines compared to similar ABS-equipped motorcycles with other engine configurations. Methods: Swedish hospital and police records from 2003–2014 were used. Crashes involving ABS-equipped motorcycles with boxer-twin engines (n = 55) were compared with similar ABS-equipped motorcycles with other engines configurations (n = 127). The distributions of Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 1+ and AIS 2+ were compared. Each subject's injury scores were also converted to the risk for permanent medical impairment (RPMI), which shows the risk of different levels of permanent medical impairment given the severity and location and of injuries. To compare injury severity, the mean RPMI 1+ and RPMI 10+ were analyzed for each body region and in overall for each group of motorcyclists. Results: It was found that AIS 1+, AIS 2+, and PMI 1+ leg injuries were reduced by approximately 50% among riders with boxer engines. These results were statistically significant. The number of injuries to the upper body did not increase; the mean RPMI to the head and upper body were similar across the 2 groups, suggesting that the severity of injuries did not increase either. Indications were found suggesting that the overall mean RPMI 1+ was lower among riders with boxer engines, although this result was not statistically significant. The mean values of the overall RPMI 10+ were similar. Conclusions: Boxer-twin engines were not originally developed to improve motorcycle crashworthiness. However, the present article indicates that these engines can reduce leg injuries among riders of motorcycles fitted with ABS. Though it is recommended that future research should look deeper into this particular aspect, the present findings suggest that the concept of integrated leg protection is indeed feasible and that further engineering efforts in this area are likely to yield significant savings in health losses among motorcyclists.
A multidisciplinary approach to study the effects of balneotherapy and mud-bath therapy treatments on fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVES To study the effects of both balneotherapy and mud-bath therapy treatments in patients affected by primary fibromyalgia (FM) using rheumatological, psychiatric, biochemical and proteomic approaches. METHODS Forty-one FM patients (39 females, 2 males), who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology criteria received a 2-week thermal therapy programme consisting of therapy once daily for 6 days/week. Twenty-one patients received mud-bath treatment, while the other twenty balneotherapy. Pain, symptoms, and quality of life were assessed. Oxytocin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ATP and serotonin transporter levels during therapy were assayed. Comparative whole saliva (WS) proteomic analysis was performed using a combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and mass spectrometry techniques. RESULTS We observed a reduction in pain, FIQ values and improvement of SF36 in both groups of patients treated with mud-bath or balneotherapy. The improvement of the outcome measures occurred with different timing and duration in the two spa treatments. A significant decrease in BDNF concentrations was observed either after balneotherapy or mud-bath therapy when assayed after twelve weeks, while no significant change in oxytocin levels, ATP levels and serotonin transporter were detected. Significant differences were observed for phosphoglycerate mutase1 (PGAM1) and zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (AZGP1) protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the thermal treatment might have a beneficial effect on the specific symptoms of the disease. In particular, while balneotherapy gives results that in most patients occur after the end of the treatment but which are no longer noticeable after 3 months, the mud-bath treatment gives longer lasting results.
Correction of posttransplant erythrocytosis with enalapril.

Erythrocytosis (i.e., elevation in red cell mass) frequently develops after renal transplantation and is associated with increased risk of thromboembolic incidents and hypertension. Because it has been reported that enalapril may induce anemia in renal allograft recipients, we have undertaken a prospective study to estimate the efficacy and safety of enalapril therapy for erythrocytosis and to establish the mechanism by which enalapril reduces red cell mass. Seventeen (12 male and 5 female) long-term renal allograft recipients with increased hematocrit value (> 55% for male and > 50% for female) and elevated red cell mass as determined with 51Cr-labeled autologous erythrocytes were treated with enalapril. After 3 months of therapy, enalapril was withdrawn and patients were observed in order to differentiate spontaneous remission of erythrocytosis from effects of enalapril therapy. After 3 months of the treatment, mean hematocrit decreased from 51.1% (range 47-56%) to 42.9% (range 37-51%; P < 0.01). Red cell mass significantly decreased during this period (from 46.7 ml/kg, range 32.5-60.7 ml/kg, to 32.9 ml/kg, range 20.1-60.1 ml/kg; P < 0.01). Serum erythropoietin levels also changed from 12.2 mIU/ml (range 1.0-33.0 mIU/ml) at baseline to 5.4 mIU/ml (range 0.7-24.2 mIU/ml; P < 0.05). During the following 3 months without enalapril treatment, an increase in hematocrit was noted, reaching 51.7% (range 46-58%; P < 0.05). No serious side effects of enalapril were observed during the study, but there was a need to reduce other hypotensive drugs in some patients. Serum creatinine did not change significantly during enalapril therapy (1.49 mg/dl, range 0.9-2.3 mg/dl, and 1.55 mg/dl, range 1.0-2.3 mg/dl; before and after 3 months of therapy, respectively). Our study proves that enalapril can be safely and effectively used to treat posttransplant erythrocytosis. The effect of enalapril on red cell mass results from reducing erythropoietin production.
Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition does not reverse endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease

Objectives: To investigate whether sildenafil citrate, a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, may improve endothelial vasomotor and fibrinolytic function in patients with coronary heart disease. Design: Randomised double blind placebo controlled crossover study. Patients and methods: 16 male patients with coronary heart disease and eight matched healthy men received intravenous sildenafil or placebo. Bilateral forearm blood flow and fibrinolytic parameters were measured by venous occlusion plethysmography and blood sampling in response to intrabrachial infusions of acetylcholine, substance P, sodium nitroprusside, and verapamil. Main outcome measures: Forearm blood flow and acute release of tissue plasminogen activator. Results: Mean arterial blood pressure fell during sildenafil infusion from a mean (SEM) of 92 (1) to 82 (1) mm Hg in patients and from 94 (1) to 82 (1) mm Hg in controls (p < 0.001 for both). Sildenafil increased endothelium independent vasodilatation with sodium nitroprusside (p < 0.05) but did not alter the blood flow response to acetylcholine or verapamil in patients or controls. Substance P caused a dose dependent increase in plasma tissue plasminogen activator antigen concentrations (p < 0.01) that was unaffected by sildenafil in either group. Conclusions: Sildenafil does not improve peripheral endothelium dependent vasomotor or fibrinolytic function in patients with coronary heart disease. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are unlikely to reverse the generalised vascular dysfunction seen in patients with coronary heart disease.
Muscle torque preservation and physical activity in individuals with stroke.

BACKGROUND A greater percent loss of concentric versus eccentric muscle torque (i.e., relative eccentric muscle torque preservation) has been reported in the paretic limb of individuals with stroke and has been attributed to hypertonia and/or cocontractions. Stroke provides a unique condition for examining mechanisms underlying eccentric muscle preservation because both limbs experience similar amounts of general physical activity, but the paretic side is impaired directly by the brain lesion. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine 1) whether eccentric preservation also exists in the nonparetic limb and 2) the relationship of eccentric or concentric torque preservation with physical activity in stroke. We hypothesized that the nonparetic muscles would demonstrate eccentric muscle preservation, which would suggest that nonneural mechanisms may also contribute to its relative preservation. METHODS Eighteen patients who had stroke and 18 healthy control subjects (age- and sex-matched) completed a physical activity questionnaire. Maximum voluntary concentric and eccentric joint torques of the ankle, knee, and hip flexors and extensors were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer at 30 degrees x s(-1) for the paretic and nonparetic muscles. Relative concentric and eccentric peak torque preservations were expressed as a percentage of control subject torque. RESULTS Relative eccentric torque was higher (more preserved) than relative concentric torque for paretic and nonparetic muscles. Physical activity correlated with paretic (r = 0.640, P = 0.001) and nonparetic concentric torque preservation (r = 0.508, P = 0.009) but not with eccentric torque preservation for either leg. CONCLUSIONS The relative preservation of eccentric torque in the nonparetic muscles suggest a role of nonneural mechanisms and could also explain the preservation observed in other chronic health conditions. Loss of concentric, but not eccentric, muscle torque was related to physical inactivity in stroke.
In vitro demonstration of an SpO2-camera

Feasibility of pulse oxigraphy is examined using an in-vitro phantom, perfused with human blood by a heart-lung machine. 29 different oxygen saturation levels, measured with our experimental camera and a clinical pulse oximeter, were matched against laboratory blood gas analysis. Discrete transfer functions between measurements & laboratory values were derived for camera (fCAM-LAB) & pulse oximeter (fPULSE-LAB). 87 additional independent pulse oximeter & camera measurements were subjected to these functions to check reproducibility (R2 = 0.99). To demonstrate imaging capacities, a dual reservoir was applied to image venous and arterial samples from 2 patients. Camera-derived vs laboratory arterial values were: 97.0% vs 99.5% (pat. 1, pH=7.41) & 97.5% vs 99.5% (pat. 2, pH=7.37). Venous resulst were: 86.5% vs 74.4% (pat. 1, pH=7.39) & 89.1% vs 86.2% (pat. 2, pH=7.34). In vitro pulse oxigraphy can visualize regions with different blood oxygenation.