Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Antibiotic Use in Pediatric Patients at a Tertiary care Teaching Hospital

Emergence of resistant bacterial pathogens has increased concerns about antibiotic prescribing patterns. The aim of the study was to assess the antibiotic use in pediatric patients. The study was carried out in a 500 bedded multispeciality tertiary care teaching hospital at Coimbatore for the period of eight months from May 2007 to December 2007. During the study period, all inpatients of the pediatric ward that were prescribed with antibiotics were screened. The study result showed that there were a total of 214 (52.5%) cases prescribed with antibiotics. The major disorders for which antibiotics were prescribed included acute gastroenteritis (15%), lower respiratory tract infections, (14.5) upper respiratory tract infections (13.5%) and pyrexia of unknown origin (13.5%). In only 13.6% of the cases culture and sensitivity test was done and in 9.3% of the cases, micro-organisms were isolated. The organisms isolated were Streptococcus pneumoniae (3.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (1.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.9%) and E.coli (2.8%). The most commonly prescribed antibiotic class was cephalosporins (68.2%). The most frequently prescribed antibiotic was cefuroxime (22.9%) and the commonly used antibiotic combination was cephalosporin with aminoglycoside (6.5%). The study result showed that ampicillin was the antibiotic used commonly to treat acute gastroenteritis (75%); cefuroxime for both lower respiratory tract infections (81.3%) and asthma (50%); amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium for both upper respiratory tract infections (41.4%) and pyrexia of unknown origin (34.5%); ceftriaxone/sulbactum for both acute otitis media and seizure disorder (69.2%) respectively.
Nutritional assessment of children at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital

Background: Child malnutrition is the single biggest contributor to under-five morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and types of malnutrition in children below 60 months of age, attending outpatient department at Nepal medical college teaching hospital in Attarkhel, Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: A prospective study was carried out in five hundred and twelve children below 60 months of age from September 2010 to April 2011. Children detailed history, sex, weight were recorded and length/height were measured using standard technique. The length /height and weight were plotted on WHO centiles curves.1The malnutrition were graded according to WHO classification. R esult: Out of 512 children, according to WHO based on weight for age assessment , 148 (28.9%) were undernourished . Subsequently, in weight for height analysis, 73 (14.2%) were wasted and in height for age assessment, 64 (12.5%) were stunted. The present study also shows , 59 (11.5%), 50 (9.80%) and 14 (2.7%) children with acute, chronic and acute on chronic malnutrition. Conclusion: This study revealed that a high prevalence of undernutrition exists in Nepalese children. Overall, 28.9% children were undernourished. Illiteracy, large family size, not exclusively breast feeding, delayed weaning and low socio- economic status are the major risk factors for malnutrition. Keywords : anthropometry; undernutrition; World Health Organization. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/hren.v9i3. 5588 HR 2011; 9(3): 184-188
Effectiveness of Breeding Methods for Production of Superior Genotypes and Maintenance of Genetic Variance in Faba Bean (Vicia faba, L.)

The present study was carried out during the period from 2007/ 08 to 2011/2012 at Agricultural Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. The study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of pedigree (P), single seed descent (SSD), and mass selection (MS) breeding methods. Two F2 populations, derived from two crosses, were used. Twenty families derived from each of the three breeding methods in each cross were tested for seed yield (t/ ha), seed yield per plant (g) and its components in F6 generation. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Significant differences existed, within F6 families of each cross, for seed yield, seed yield per plant and its components by applying either of the three methods. The widest range in seed yield was obtained by the SSD method. The SSD breeding method produced consistently more superior families in either and over the two crosses with 22, 19 and 18 families for (SSD), (P) and (MS) methods, respectively. The genotypic (2G) and phenotypic (2Ph) variances, for seed yield, estimated from SSD method were the highest compared with the other breeding methods over the two crosses. Heritability estimates, in broad sense, and expected genetic advance from selection for higher seed yield indicated that the SSD method recorded higher values (h2= 0.87-0.93, G= 0.51- 0.85) compared with the other two methods. Based on the obtained results, it seems that the SSD breeding method was more effective compared to the other two breeding methods, in producing superior genotypes in seed yield and maintaining genetic variance for further selection and improvement of that character. Considering the partial allogamous nature of the crop, it could be concluded that the SSD method was more efficient and could be less costly in breeding for high seed yield.
Mental Imagery and Basketball: A Comparison of Cognitive-specific and Flow Imagery

Flow is a psychological state that is associated with optimal performance. Sports such as basketball are conducive to an individual experiencing flow because they have rules that structure and focus attention. Past research indicates that sports related mental imagery practice improves athletic performance; however few studies to date have systematically included the characteristics of flow in their sports mental imagery interventions. The present study compared the efficacy of a ―flow‖ and a standard basketball mental imagery intervention at improving performance on a basketballshooting task. No significant differences were found between groups, but both reported increases in flow experiences. Flow, Mental Imagery, & Basketball 5
Effects of mechanical treatments and climatic factors on the productivity of Northern Great Plains rangelands.

Impacts of 7 range treatments and climate on late spring herbage standing crops (SC) were measured in rangelands near Miles City, Mont. , from 1983 to 1990. Treatments, established in 8 pastures at 2 sites, were: (1) untreated control + season long grazing (SL); (2) soil tillage (ST) + SL; (3) ST + drill seeding legumes (DS) + SL; (4) brush control (BC) + ST + DS + switchback grazing (utilizing 2 pastures); (5) BC + ST + DS + SL; (6) ST + nitrogen fertilization + SL; and (7) contour furrowing (CF) + aerial seeding legumes + SL. Data were analyzed using years as a repeated measure. Treatments increased (p less than or equal to 0.05) total SC 320 kg/ha over controls, but did not affect species/species group composition. Treated pastures produced similar (p greater than or equal to 0.10) SC of 881 kg/ha. Total SC averaged 490 kg/ha more (p less than or equal to 0.05) in 1983, 1986, 1987, 1989, and 1990 than in 1984, 1985, and 1988. Perennial cool-season grass SC was greatest in 1986 (651 kg/ha). Peak annual grass SC (337-506 kg/ha) occurred in 1983 and 1984, the 2 years following ST or CF, and 1989 and 1990, the 2 years following severe drought. Although regression analyses showed fall, winter, and spring precipitation and temperature were closely related to spring SC, less than 50% of the variation in SC was accounted for when precipitation and temperature were summed on a 1-month, 2-month, or 3-month basis. Above-average fall and spring precipitation (September and April) resulted in the greatest total SC. Species composition varied temporally with changing weather conditions and management strategies.
Antibiotic resistance and distribution of SodCI, sopE, sefA genes among Salmonella enteric serotype Enteritidis isolates from poultry

Η παρούσα eργασία eίχe ως στόχο να προσδιορίσeι την αντιβιοανθeκτικότητα στeλeχών Salmonella enteric serotype Enteritidis (SE) ορνίθeιας προέλeυσης, να μeλeτήσeι την πλασμιδιο-eξαρτώμeνη ανθeκτικότητα στην αμπικιλλίνη και να προσδιορίσeι την κατανομή μeταξύ των στeλeχών των γονιδίων sodCI, sopE και sefA. Τριάντα πέντe SE στeλέχη που απομονώθηκαν από νeοσσούς ηλικίας μίας ημέρας, από όρνιθeς ωοτοκίας και κρeοπαραγωγής μeλeτήθηκαν ως προς την ανθeκτικότητα/eυαισθησία σe δeκαέξι αντιβιοτικά. Eίκοσι τρία στeλέχη (65,7%) eμφάνισαν ανθeκτικότητα στην αμπικιλλίνη, πέντe στeλέχη (14,3%) στην αμπικιλλίνη και την τeτρακυκλίνη, τέσσeρα στeλέχη (11,45%) στην τeτρακυκλίνη και ένα (2.9%) eμφάνισe πολυ- ανθeκτικότητα. Η ανθeκτικότητα στην αμπικιλλίνη (AmpR) και το συνδυασμό αμπικιλλίνης/τeτρακυκλίνης (AmpRTeR) μeταφέρθηκe eύκολα μe τη σύζeυξη σe όλα τα στeλέχη τα οποία – μe eξαίρeση δύο- eμφάνισαν μία κοινή πλασμιδιακή ζώνη. Η μοριακή μάζα του πλασμιδίου που έφeρe το γονίδιο ανθeκτικότητας στην αμπικιλλίνη προσδιορίστηκe στα 41kbμeτά από πέψη του DNA μe τα ένζυμα πeριορισμού BamHI, HindIII, EcoRI, EcoRV και PstI. Η eπαλήθeυση του μeγέθους της μοριακής μάζας έγινe μe την eπίδeση (ligation) στο πλασμίδιο pET29c, των τμημάτων DNA τα οποία προέκυψαν μeτά από πέψη μe το ένζυμο πeριορισμού EcoRI. Για την ανίχνeυση των TEM-1 ή/και TEM-2 s-λακταμασών, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δύο eξeιδικeυμένα ζeύγη eκκινητών μe τη μέθοδο της αλυσιδωτής αντίδρασης της πολυμeράσης (PCR). Τα προϊόντα της PCR έδeιξαν την παρουσία του γονιδίου blaTEM-1 σe όλα τα στeλέχη. Eλέγχθηκe eπίσης η παρουσία των γονιδίων of SodCI, sopE, sefA μe eξeιδικeυμένους eκκινητές της PCR. Eίκοσι δύο (62,8%) στeλέχη έφeραν το γονίδιο sodCI, τριάντα τρία (97,2%) το γονίδιο sopE και όλα τα στeλέχη ήταν φορeίς του γονιδίου sefA
MOLECULAR ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN SOME CANOLA HOMOZYGOUS LINES

In order to assess genetic diversity among ten homozygous lines of Canola, eight RAPD and five ISSR primers as well as two various combinations of Triple-RAPD were successful in generating reproducible and reliable amplicons. A total of 115 amplicons were amplified using all molecular marker techniques applied in this study, 59 (51.3%) of them were polymorphic of which 21 (18.3%) were unique markers. ISSR technique was the best in terms of the average resolving power Rp (13.6) and number of marker amplicons/PCR reaction (1.8). From all of the targeted microsatellites by ISSRs, the repetitive motif (GA)n was more frequent from all repetitive motifs targeted by the other ISSR primers. Highly significant positive correlations were found for molecular distance among all of these molecular marker techniques and combined data, which indicates the reliability of the combined data for molecular distances in accurate assessment for genetic diversity and identifying the genetic relationships between all studied homozygous lines in canola. Accordingly, Cluster analysis and Principal Coordinate (PCo) analysis based on combined data were used for indicating degree of similarity which was high between all the studied homozygous lines. Moreover, PCo analysis have managed to divide these lines into four groups indicating that PCo analysis was succeeded in assessment of genetic diversity and description of heterogeneity within studied lines. On the other hand, the genetic fingerprint for all homozygous lines of canola was performed as DNA-Profile diagram, showing that the amplicons per homozygous line were differentiated for each other with average of 93.3 amplicons and with an appropriate number of diverse molecular markers, indicating that DNA-Profile also is a useful tool for molecular identification. Based on that, these techniques have the potential to identify specific markers for homozygous lines of canola, which indicates the possibility of using these markers as reliable resources for breeding and improvement of canola.
Global carbonyl sulfide (OCS) measured by MIPAS/Envisat during 2002–2012

Abstract. We present a global carbonyl sulfide (OCS) data set covering the period June 2002 to April 2012, derived from FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) limb emission spectra measured with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on the ENVISAT satellite. The vertical resolution is 4–5 km in the height region 6–15 km and 15 at 40 km altitude. The total estimated error amounts to 40–50 pptv between 10 and 20 km and to 120 pptv at 40 km altitude. MIPAS OCS data show no systematic bias with respect to balloon observations, with deviations mostly below ±50 pptv. However, they are systematically higher than the OCS volume mixing ratios of the ACE-FTS instrument on SCISAT, with maximum deviations of up to 100 pptv in the altitude region 13–16 km. The data set of MIPAS OCS exhibits only moderate interannual variations and low interhemispheric differences. Average concentrations at 10 km altitude range from 480 pptv at high latitudes to 500–510 pptv in the tropics and at northern mid-latitudes. Seasonal variations at 10 km altitude amount to up to 35 pptv in the Northern and up to 15 pptv in the Southern Hemisphere. Northern hemispheric OCS abundances at 10 km altitude peak in June in the tropics and around October at high latitudes, while the respective southern hemispheric maxima were observed in July and in November. Global OCS distributions at 250 hPa (∼ 10–11 km) show enhanced values at low latitudes, peaking during boreal summer above the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean, which indicates oceanic release. Further, a region of depleted OCS amounts extending from Brazil to central and southern Africa was detected at this altitude, which is most pronounced in austral summer. This depletion is related to seasonally varying vegetative uptake by the tropical forests. Typical signatures of biomass burning like the southern hemispheric biomass burning plume are not visible in MIPAS data, indicating that this process is only a minor source of upper tropospheric OCS. At the 150 hPa level (∼ 13–14 km) enhanced amounts of OCS were also observed inside the Asian monsoon anticyclone, but this enhancement is not especially outstanding compared to other low latitude regions at the same altitude. At the 80 hPa level (∼ 17–18 km), equatorward transport of mid-latitude air masses containing lower OCS amounts around the summertime anticyclones was observed. A significant trend could not be detected in upper tropospheric MIPAS OCS amounts, which points to globally balanced sources and sinks. Simulations with the ECHAM-MESSy model reproduce the observed latitudinal cross sections fairly well.
Marginal Economy: Growth Strategies for Post-Growth Societies

Abstract: A sharp problem focus sharpens the problem. Sustainably growing bodies of literature on degrowth are not the key to post-growth scenarios because evocations of the limits of growth reinforce rather than transcend the economic principle, which is in the observation of scarcity. Therefore, I focus on alternative forms of growth rather than alternatives to growth. My form-theoretical analysis of growth dismoralizes growth and disembeds it from the economic medium in which it is preferably drawn. I suggest that the key to a post-growth society is in a regrowth of interest in growth in, so far, neglected non-economic function systems.
Comparative responses of spider and carabid beetle assemblages along an urban-rural boundary gradient

Abstract The urbanization process is the motor of deep environmental changes at both local and landscape levels. Although more and more studies are investigating the ecological consequences of urbanization, only a few have studied small-scale responses of biodiversity to urban-rural boundary gradients, and even fewer have compared different model groups synchronically. In this study, we compared the responses of two invertebrate groups often used as bioindicators, spiders and carabid beetles, along small-scale boundaries (around 1 km). The following parameters were estimated: assemblage composition, species richness, and activity-densities overall and per life history trait (habitat preference, dispersal abilities for carabid beetles and hunting guilds for spiders). The field data were collected in 2009 using pitfall traps set randomly in hedgerows within urban, boundary and rural zones (30 traps in total). 924 adult spiders belonging to 78 species were collected, whereas the 330 captured carabid beetles belonged to 25 species. We found no evidence of any significant change in carabid beetle activity-density (overall and for most life history traits) or in species richness along the urban-rural gradient. Conversely, there was a significant change in spider activity-density, both per habitat preference and per hunting guild. We also found a progressive change in community composition for spiders. Our results suggest that studying different model groups can provide complementary information about urbanization.
A boussinesq-type model for waves generated by flow over a bump

A uniform ow disturbed by a bump is studied. The eect of the disturbance is presented at the surface, generating wave. The wave propagation is modeled into a couple of equations, in terms of the surface elevation and the depth average velocity. The numerical solution of the equations is simulated to observe the propagation, especially for long run time, using a predictor-corrector method. A steady solitary surface prole is obtained for supercritical upstream ow, similarly for subcritical ow but for negative amplitude. In the transient process, more waves are generated but some of them propagates to the left or right, and only one wave remains above the bump. Mathematics Subject Classication: 35C20, 76B07, 76B25
Mediators of the effect of the psycho-educational intervention on the psychological well-being of caregiving daughters and daughter in-laws of stroke survivors

Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether the randomly assigned intervention is associated with a change in the mediators including threat appraisal, coping behaviors, confidence in knowledge, and preparedness which is in turn accompanied by changes in the caregivers’ psychological well-being. Methods: A total of 96 caregiving daughters and daughter in-laws of stroke survivors participated in the study in which 49 cases were randomly assigned to the intervention and 47 to the control group. Data was collected before, immediately after and 12 weeks following interventions. Results: The results of mixed ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference in psychological well-being score between intervention and control groups. Our findings from the multiple mediator analyses supported the mediating effect for only two of the five hypothesized mediators. The intervention affected psychological well-being indirectly through changes in threat appraisal and perceived preparedness. Multiple mediator models accounted for 34.3% of the variance in the psychological well-being change. Conclusion: The results of this study show the importance of mediators’ evaluation in interventional studies of stroke survivor caregivers.
MHD flow of Powell-Eyring fluid by a stretching cylinder with newtonian heating

This paper examines magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Powell-Eyring fluid by a stretching cylinder with thermal radiation. Analysis has been presented through inclined magnetic field. Characteristics of heat transfer are analyzed with advanced boundary condition (i.e., Newtonian heating). Suitable transformations convert the nonlinear partial differential equations to the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Convergent series solutions of momentum and energy equations are developed. Effects of different pertinent parameters on the velocity and temperature distributions are shown graphically. Numerical values of the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are also computed and analyzed. Comparison of the present study with the previous published work is also examined. Higher values of fluid M and curvature parameters show enhancement in the fluid velocity while opposite behavior is observed for Hartman number and Suction parameter. Conjugate and radiation parameters lead to an increase in temperature.
Firm Organization with Multiple Establishments

We show theoretically and empirically that the managerial organization of multiestablishment firms is interdependent across establishments. To derive our result, we study the effect of geographic frictions on firm organization. In our model, we assume that a CEO’s time is a resource in limited supply, shared across headquarters and establishments. Geographic frictions increase the costs of accessing the CEO. Hiring middle managers at one establishment substitutes for CEO time, which is reallocated across all establishments. Consequently, geographic frictions between the headquarters and one establishment affect the organization of all establishments of a firm. Our model is consistent with novel facts about multiestablishment firm organization that we document using administrative data from Germany. We exploit the opening of high-speed railway routes to show that not only the establishments directly affected by faster travel times but also the other establishments of the firm adjust their organization. Our findings imply that local conditions propagate across space through firm organization.
Investors’ Pursuit of Positive Skewness in Stock Returns. An empirical study of the Skewness effect on market-to-book ratio

This paper finds that higher positive skewness in stocks’ return distribution may lead to higher valuation in terms of market-to-book ratio. In addition, we find that this relationship was not affected by the recent financial crisis in 2008. These inferences remain qualitatively unchanged subject to robustness testing. We propose well-known psychological biases as partial reasons for investors’ preference for positive skewness. 1 The authors would like to thank supervisor Martin Holmén for his inspiration and constructive criticism.
Constrained dynamics of an inertial particle in a turbulent flow

Most of theoretical and numerical works for free advected particles in a turbulent flow, which only consider the drag force acting on the particles, fails to predict recent experimental results for the transport of finite size particles. These questions have motivated a series of experiments trying to emphasize the actual role of the drag force by imposing this one as an unambiguous leading forcing term acting on a particle in a turbulent background. This is achieved by considering the constrained dynamics of towed particles in a turbulent environment. In the present work, we focus on the influence of particles inertia on its velocity and acceleration Lagrangian statistics and energy spectral density. Our results are consistent with a filtering scenario resulting from the viscous response time of an inertial particle whose dynamics is coupled to the surrounding fluid via strong contribution of drag.
Magnetic order in α -RuCl 3 : A honeycomb-lattice quantum magnet with strong spin-orbit coupling

We report magnetic and thermodynamic properties of single crystal $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$, in which the Ru$^{3+}$ ($4d^5$) ion is in its low spin state and forms a honeycomb lattice. Two features are observed in both magnetic susceptibility and specific heat data; a sharp peak at 7~K and a broad hump near 10-15K. In addition, we observe a metamagnetic transition between 5~T and 10~T. Our neutron diffraction study of single crystal samples confirms that the low temperature peak in the specific heat is associated with a magnetic order with unit cell doubling along the honeycomb (100) direction, which is consistent with zigzag order, one of the types of magnetic order predicted within the framework of the Kitaev-Heisenberg model.