Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Road to Graphicacy: The learning of graphical representation systems

This article examines the learning of different types of graphic information by subjects with different levels of education and knowledge of the content represented. Three levels of graphic information learning were distinguished (explicit, implicit, and conceptual information processing) and two experiments were conducted, looking at graph and geographical map learning. The graph study (Experiment 1) examined the influence of the variables' numerical relationship structure on adolescent students with different levels of education and knowledge of social sciences and also assessed their proportional reasoning skills. The map study (Experiment 2) looked at the learning of a geographical map studied spontaneously by secondary school and university students with different geographical knowledge (experts and novices) and also assessed their spatial skills. The results of both studies show that graph and map learning performance improves with the subjects' educational level. The groups' differential performance varied according to the type of information involved (explicit, implicit, or conceptual). The subjects' knowledge of the domain in question determined the level at which they processed the information. Verbal and superficial processing of graphic information were also found to predominate. This has important educational implications, suggesting the need for differential treatment in teaching different types of information. The results of the study also raise interesting issues regarding the type of expertise involved in learning graphic information: expertise related to the content represented, to knowledge of the syntax (graphicacy), and/or the system of knowledge graphically represented – spatial in the case of maps, numerical in the case of graphs.
Hard Magnetic Properties and Thermal Stability for TbCu7-Type SmCo6.4Si0.3Zr0.3 Alloys With Sm Substituted by Various Rare-Earth Elements

The magnetic properties and thermal stability of melt spun SmCo<sub>6.4</sub>Si<sub>0.3</sub>Zr<sub>0.3</sub> ribbons with various rare-earth (RE) elements substituted for Sm have been investigated. It is verified that the properties' combination of SmCo<sub>7</sub>-based ribbons can be modified by selected RE substitution. The light RE Ce is beneficial for enhancing the saturation magnetization and the remanence, while the coercivity and thermal stability can be significantly improved by heavy REs Gd, Ho, and Er substitutions. The highest room-temperature coercivity of 1467 kA/m was achieved in the Sm<sub>0.7</sub>Gd<sub>0.3</sub>Co<sub>6.4</sub>Si<sub>0.3</sub>Zr<sub>0.3</sub> ribbon. For the temperature range of 27 °C-200 °C, Gd is the best element for enhancing the thermal stability, and the optimal temperature coefficients α and β are -0.032%/°C and -0.269%/°C, respectively. For the range of 27 °C-400 °C, Ho is the best element to improve the thermal stability, and the values of α and β are -0.064%/°C and -0.19%/°C, respectively.
Isolation of Helicobacter pylori from dental plaque: A microbiological study

Aim The aim of our study was to isolate H. pylori from dental plaque in gastric and duodenal ulcer patients and compare it with dental plaque of healthy subjects. Materials and Methods Fifty patients in the age range of 25-50 years who were endoscopically proven cases of duodenal and gastric ulcer were chosen. H. pylorus was isolated from the dental plaque of these patients using culture method and rapid urease test (RUT). It was compared with the dental plaque from control group (25 students). The specificity and sensitivity of RUT was compared with culture method. The oral hygiene index (OHI) score and plaque index were assessed. Results Ten percent positivity was observed in the study group by culture. Though RUT showed 70% positive isolation it is neither a specific test nor a conclusive test as compared to culture. The result correlates with oral hygiene in study population. Conclusion Further, more studies are needed to compare RUT and culture, with serology and polymerase chain reactions. The ability to detect H. pylori from dental plaque using these methods offer the potential for the noninvasive test for infection and would aid in support of oral transmission of H. pylori.
Resilience and Sectoral Composition Change of Italian Inner Areas in Response to the Great Recession

This paper focuses on the response of Italian inner areas to the Great Recession. Inner areas represent the majority of the Italian territory and are very heterogeneous in terms of (unstable) growth trajectories and industrial composition. One key issue that has partially hindered a thorough empirical analysis of the development paths of these areas so far, is defining these inner areas. To this aim, we adopt the recent classification proposed by the National Strategy for Inner Areas (2014), which identified six categories based on the travel distance from service provision centers. Our purpose is to analyze the potential structural change of inner vs non-inner areas in the face of the 2007–2008 economic crisis, assessing their adaptive capacity to the recessionary disturbance and the factors underlying their industrial composition change. We found that urban poles and inner areas had different abilities to re-adapt their local industrial compositions in response to the economic crisis with obvious effects on their future resilience.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is a mediator of dopaminergic neuron loss in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease

Recent evidence indicates that cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs, cdks) may be inappropriately activated in several neurodegenerative conditions. Here, we report that cdk5 expression and activity are elevated after administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a toxin that damages the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. Supporting the pathogenic significance of the cdk5 alterations are the findings that the general cdk inhibitor, flavopiridol, or expression of dominant-negative cdk5, and to a lesser extent dominant-negative cdk2, attenuates the loss of dopaminergic neurons caused by MPTP. In addition, CDK inhibition strategies attenuate MPTP-induced hypolocomotion and markers of striatal function independent of striatal dopamine. We propose that cdk5 is a key regulator in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease.
Plantar Pressure Changes and Correlating Risk Factors in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Preliminary 2-year Results of a Prospective Study

Background: Plantar pressure serves as a key factor for predicting ulceration in the feet of diabetes patients. We designed this study to analyze plantar pressure changes and correlating risk factors in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We recruited 65 patients with type 2 diabetes. They were invited to participate in the second wave 2 years later. The patients completed identical examinations at the baseline point and 2 years later. We obtained maximum force, maximum pressure, impulse, pressure-time integral, and loading rate values from 10 foot regions. We collected data on six history-based variables, six anthropometric variables, and four metabolic variables of the patients. Results: Over the course of the study, significant plantar pressure increases in some forefoot portions were identified (P < 0.05), especially in the second to forth metatarsal heads. Decreases in heel impulse and pressure-time integral levels were also found (P < 0.05). Plantar pressure parameters increased with body mass index (BMI) levels. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) changes were positively correlated with maximum force (&bgr; = 0.364, P = 0.001) and maximum pressure (&bgr; = 0.366, P = 0.002) changes in the first metatarsal head. Cholesterol changes were positively correlated with impulse changes in the lateral portion of the heel (&bgr; = 0.179, P = 0.072) and pressure-time integral changes in the second metatarsal head (&bgr; = 0.236, P = 0.020). Ankle-brachial index (ABI) changes were positively correlated with maximum force changes in the first metatarsal head (&bgr; = 0.137, P = 0.048). Neuropathy symptom score (NSS) and common peroneal nerve sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) changes were positively correlated with some plantar pressure changes. In addition, plantar pressure changes had a correlation with the appearance of infections, blisters (&bgr; = 0.244, P = 0.014), and calluses over the course of the study. Conclusions: We should pay attention to the BMI, HbA1c, cholesterol, ABI, SCV, and NSS changes in the process of preventing high plantar pressure and ulceration. Some associated precautions may be taken with the appearance of infections, blisters, and calluses.
Teaching Methods Preferred by Part-Time Tertiary Students in Ghana

Teaching methods to a large extent determine learning outcomes as far as the teaching-learning transaction is concerned. Teaching methods include lectures, discussions and tutorials. This study examines the teaching methods available to part-time students and what they prefer. The study used descriptive statistics and narrative analysis. Even though the lecture method dominates part-time study, the discussion method is the most preferred method followed by the lecture method. Students are also of the view that print with study guides facilitates learning. There is also overwhelming supports for the use of the internet were it readily available.
Traffic Sign Recognition System for Imbalanced Dataset

In classification problem, the most important factor is training dataset which is effect accuracy rate of classification. However, we encounter with imbalanced data set in real-world applications. In this dataset, the number of images in some classes is rather less than the number of images in other classes. So estimation of classification is tent to majority class and minority classes will be ignored. In this study, an ensemble based method is proposed for increasing accuracy rate of minority class. The results obtained are compared with traditional classifiers (support vector machine (SVM) and k nearest neighbor classifier (KNN)). Bagging based ensemble classifier takes out the issue of inclination toward classifying minority class. As a result, the accuracy of our method result is higher and more efficiency than the other two traditional classifiers.
Evolution of Learning in Three Aplysiid Species: Differences in Heterosynaptic Plasticity Contrast with Conservation in Serotonergic Pathways

We investigated the neurobiological basis of variation in sensitization between three aplysiid species: Aplysia californica, Phyllaplysia taylori and Dolabrifera dolabrifera. We tested two different forms of sensitization induced by a noxious tail shock: local sensitization, expressed near the site of shock, and general sensitization, tested at remote sites. Aplysia showed both local and general sensitization, whereas Phyllaplysia demonstrated only local sensitization, and Dolabrifera lacked both forms of learning. We then investigated a neurobiological correlate of sensitization, heterosynaptic modulation of sensory neuron excitability by tail‐nerve stimulation. We found (1) an increase in sensory neuron (SN) excitability after both ipsilateral and contralateral nerve stimulation in Aplysia, (2) a smaller and shorter‐lasting increase in Phyllaplysia, and (3) no effect in Dolabrifera. Because sensitization in Aplysia is strongly correlated with serotonergic (5‐HT) neuromodulation, we hypothesized that the observed interspecific variation in sensitization and SN neuromodulation might be correlated with variation in the anatomy and/or functional response of the serotonergic system. However, using immunohistochemistry, we found that all three species showed a similar pattern of 5‐HT innervation. Furthermore, they also showed comparable 5‐HT release evoked by tail‐nerve shock, as measured with chronoamperometry. These observations indicate that interspecific variation in learning is correlated with differences in SN heterosynaptic plasticity within a backgound of evolutionary conservation in the 5‐HT neuromodulatory pathway. We thus hypothesize that evolutionary changes in learning phenotype do not involve modifications of the 5‐HT pathway per se, but rather, changes in the response of SNs to the activation of this or other neuromodulatory pathways upon noxious stimulation.
The role of CD8+ T cells in the pathogenesis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in mice depleted of CD4+ T cells.

OBJECTIVE To define the cell populations contributing to inflammation-associated respiratory impairment in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). METHODS The host inflammation response was observed in CD4+ T cell-depleted mice and in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-depleted mice infected with P. carinii via intratracheal inoculation. RESULTS Mice depleted of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells developed infection with neither increased respiratory rate nor lung injury. In contrast, mice depleted of CD4+ T cells alone exhibited severe pulmonary inflammation, and increased respiratory rates. Respiratory compromise was associated with the presence of activated CD8+ cells and neutrophils in the BALF. CONCLUSION The host's inflammatory cell response to P. carinii directly impairs pulmonary function and contributes to the pathogenesis of PCP, CD8+ T cells appear to play a major role.
Ten‐Hertz stimulation of subthalamic nucleus deteriorates motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease

Recently, a pathological oscillatory network at 10 Hz including several motor areas was described in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). In 7 PD patients, we tested the clinical effect of subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation at varying frequencies 1 to 3 years after implantation of electrodes. STN stimulation at 10 Hz induced significant worsening of motor symptoms, especially akinesia, compared with no stimulation and therapeutic stimulation (≥130 Hz). This finding indicates the clinical relevance of pathological 10 Hz synchronization in PD. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
The Cdc 42 effectors Ste 20 , Cla 4 and Skm 1 downregulate the expression of genes involved in sterol uptake by a MAPK-independent pathway

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Rho-type GTPase Cdc42 regulates polarized growth through its effectors, including the p21-activated kinases (PAKs) Ste20, Cla4 and Skm1. Previously, we demonstrated that Ste20 interacts with several proteins involved in sterol synthesis that are crucial for cell polarization. Under anaerobic conditions, sterols cannot be synthesized and need to be imported into cells. Here, we show that Ste20, Cla4 and Skm1 form a complex with Sut1, a transcriptional regulator that promotes sterol uptake. All three PAKs can translocate into the nucleus and down-regulate the expression of genes involved in sterol uptake including the Sut1 targets AUS1 and DAN1 by a novel mechanism. Consistently, deletion of either STE20, CLA4 or SKM1 results in an increased sterol influx and PAK overexpression inhibits sterol uptake. For Ste20 we demonstrate that the down-regulation of gene expression requires nuclear localization and kinase activity of Ste20. Furthermore, the Ste20-mediated control of expression of sterol uptake genes depends on SUT1 but is independent of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascade. Taken together, these observations suggest that PAKs translocate into the nucleus, where they modulates expression of sterol uptake genes via Sut1, thereby controlling sterol homeostasis. 2 ht tp :// do c. re ro . c h
PENGARUH UKURAN DEWAN, KEPEMILIKAN SAHAM OLEH DIREKTUR, DAN JENDER TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERBANKAN

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah mekanisme tata kelola perusahaan, khususnya ukuran dewan direktur, kepemilikan saham oleh direktur, dan jender, berpengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan perbankan di Indonesia. Pada penelitian ini, kami menggunakan sampel 16 bank (45 observasi) yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia antara tahun 2011 dan 2014. Metode analisis yang digunakan ialah regresi fixed effects dan random effects. Dikontrol oleh variabel ukuran perusahaan, hutang, dan pertumbuhan perusahaan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan saham direktur berpengaruh signifikan kepada ROA dan Tobin’s Q. Sedangkan jumlah dewan direktur dan keberadaan wanita dalam dewan direktur tidak berpengaruh.
Laplace Substitution – Variational Iteration Method for Solving Goursat Problems Involving Mixed Partial Derivatives

This paper will investigate a method to achieve the exact solution of special type of nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs) involving mixed partial derivatives. This proposed method named as Laplace substitution - Variation iteration method (LS-VIM). The method exploits the properties of Laplace substitution method and the Variational iteration method to find the exact solution for Goursat problem involving mixed partial derivatives. In addition, this paper emphasizes the effectiveness of the LS-VIM by solving two examples. The results show that the exact solution can be achieved from a single iteration of the propose method.
The FAB/MIC/WHO proposals for the classification of the chronic lymphoid leukemias.

For the classification of chronic lymphoid leukemias (CLL) the first decision made by the French-American-British (FAB) Cooperative Leukemia Study group (Fig 1) was to employ flow cytometry to separate CLL into two broad categories: B-CLL and T-CLL (1). It was recognized that certain cytomorphologic features were so strongly associated with a specific diagnosis that markers were of minor interest [e.g. Sézary cells (T cell) or hairy cell leukemia (B cell type)]. In some cases, however, a precise assignment could not be made (leukemic form of mantle cell lymphoma from CLL, mixed cell type). In addition, the significance of cytogenetic studies was beginning to impact on the recognition of basic molecular defects. At the time of publication, relatively little information was available, except for the association of t(14;18) with follicular lymphoma, trisomy 12 in “B” CLL, t(11;14) in B-prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) and inv(2) in T-cell PLL. Some of the markers recommended are no longer in vogue (mouse resetting, for example) and others had not yet been described (cytoplasmic CD23). Nonetheless, we were able to provide guidelines for the utilization of 10 markers in B-CLL and 10 in T-CLL. As in Workshops that preceded the writing of the paper, a large number of cases were provided (110 in total). Actually, three Workshops were held between May 1985 and October 1987. In instances where there was disagreement (20/110), cases were reviewed via television projection microscope, additional information made available, including lymph node and bone marrow biopsy (hematoxylin and eosin, H&E) material and, on occasion, electron microscopy. For B-CLL, four morphologic cell types were described and representative illustrations provided (small lymphocytes, large THE FAB/MIC/WHO PROPOSALS FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHRONIC LYMPHOID LEUKEMIAS
The epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults in the post-PCV era. Has there been a herd effect?

SUMMARY The 7 and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have reduced the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children in many countries. The objective of this work was to assess the impact of PCVs and potential herd-protection in older adults in Ireland. IPD notification and typing data from adults ⩾65 years of age from July 2007 to June 2016 was assessed using national surveillance data. There was a 94% reduction in PCV7 serotypes from 2007–2008 to 2015–2016, incidence rate ratio (IRR 0·05, P < 0·0001). However, there was no decline in the additional PCV13 (PCV13-7) serotypes over the same period (IRR 0·90) nor in comparison with the pre-PCV13 period 2009–2010 (IRR 0·92). The incidence of serotypes in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine only (PPV23-PCV13) and non-vaccine types (NVTs) increased significantly (IRR 2·17, P = 0·0002 and IRR 3·43, P = 0·0001 respectively). Consequently, the overall IPD incidence rate in adults has remained relatively unchanged (from 28·66/100 000 to 28·88/100 000, IRR 1·01, P = 0·9477). Serotype 19A and NVTs were mainly responsible for penicillin resistance in recent years. The decline of PCV7 serotypes indicate that the introduction of PCV7 resulted in herd-protection for adults. However, increases in PPV23-PCV13 and NVTs suggest that changes in vaccination strategy amongst older adults are needed to build on the success of PCVs in children.
Structure-sensitive NP-interpretation : A case study in Tagalog

Using Tagalog as a case study, this paper provides an analysis of a cross-linguistically well attested phenomenon, namely, cases in which a bare NP’s syntactic position is linked to its interpretation as definite or indefinite. Previous approaches to this phenomenon, including analyses of Tagalog, appeal to specialized interpretational rules like Diesing’s Mapping Hypothesis. I argue that such empirical patterns fall out of general compositional principles so long as type-shifting operators are available to the compositional system. I begin by weighing in on some long-standing issues in the semantic analysis of Tagalog bare NPs. I show that bare NPs which are thematic patients are interpreted as presuppositional definites if marked with nominative case and as narrow scope indefinites if marked with genitive case. Bare NPs are analyzed as basically predicative. If a bare NP is local to its selecting verb, such as a genitive casemarked patient, it is existentially quantified over by the verb itself, generating an indefinite interpretation. If a bare NP moves to a derived position, it must type-shift in order to avoid a type-mismatch, generating a definite interpretation. This paper explains how a grammatical system like Tagalog’s, which lacks articles but demonstrates other morphosyntactic strategies for signaling (in)definiteness, can be integrated into our understanding of compositional semantics.
A novel re-initialization technique for CMA in the presence of channel noise

The error surface associated with the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is multimodel. Therefore, an equalizer adapted with CMA has the potential to converge to a local minimum that has large noise amplification. A technique is, therefore, proposed based upon a solution of linear and quadratic equations to re-initialise the equalizer parameters. Linear equations are obtained from the fact that the retrieved transmitted signal with various delays which correspond to different minima are uncorrelated. The quadratic equations are obtained from the knowledge of the transmitted signal power. Simulations are included to demonstrate the robustness of this new scheme.
Neurological Signs, Age, and Illness Duration in Schizophrenia

Although increased prevalence of neurological signs in schizophrenia may reflect the presence of subtle brain dysfunctions, it is not clear whether there is progressive deterioration in such neurological function as the illness advances. This study compared neurological signs in patients with different durations of illness, controlling for age and education level. No deterioration in neurological signs as a function of illness duration was observed. Although there was an increase in neurological signs with age, there was a parallel increase in a control group. In addition, no change in the profile of subgroups of neurological signs was detected. These data provide further evidence for the stability of neurological dysfunction in schizophrenia. The findings are discussed in the context of the developmental origin of neurological dysfunction in schizophrenia.