Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NECESIDADES EN SALUD DE LA POBLACIÓN DESPLAZADA POR CONFLICTO ARMADO EN BOGOTÁ

Fundamentos: El desplazamiento de poblaciones como consecuencia de un conflicto armado, conlleva generalmente un deterioro en las condiciones de vida y de la salud de quienes lo padecen. El objetivo de este articulo es analizar las necesidades en salud percibidas por hombres y mujeres desplazados por el conflicto armado y sus principales estrategias de resolucion. Metodos: Se realizo una investigacion cualitativa mediante entrevistas individuales semi-estructuradas a 31 personas desplazadas en fase de transicion. Se hizo un analisis narrativo de contenido, segmentando la informacion por edad y sexo. El area de estudio estaba constituida por cinco localidades de la ciudad de Bogota. Resultados: El compromiso de la salud mental y de la estabilidad psicosocial, los problemas con la alimentacion y en menor proporcion las afecciones gastrointestinales y respiratorias son los principales problemas de salud referidos por ambos grupos de informantes. La dificultad de acceso a los servicios de salud emerge como problema adicional. La precaria situacion economica subyace a los problemas y a las necesidades de atencion en salud. Para la solucion de los problemas de salud, ademas de los servicios de salud, las personas desplazadas emplean otras estrategias a su alcance. Las necesidades expresadas son coherentes con los problemas percibidos. Se observan algunas diferencias en la apreciacion de los problemas y en las estrategias de solucion, entre hombres y mujeres y entre grupos de edad. Conclusion: En el ambito de la salud, se requieren acciones que permitan mejorar el acceso a los servicios, asi como estrategias especificas para la rehabilitacion psicosocial de la poblacion desplazada que tengan en cuenta las diferencias en el interior del colectivo.
Exploring the relationship between victims and witnesses of aggression and anger expression in Thai adolescents

Objective: Young people who are victims of, or witnesses to, aggression are at increased risk of developing a psychological disorder and behaving aggressively themselves. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of exposure to aggression in a sample of 1 770 students, aged 15–26 years recruited from technical colleges in Thailand. Method: Self-report questionnaires were used to assess the prevalence rates for both experiencing aggression as a victim and for witnessing an aggressive incident. Logistic regression methods were then used to examine the possible association between acting aggressively and being a victim of, or a witness to, aggression. Results: In the previous six months, over half of all students reported being yelled at and had witnessed friends being hit. Those students who reported ‘being pushed’ or ‘being hit’ themselves had higher levels of anger expression. Being an indirect victim and witnessing aggression were only weakly associated with anger expression. Conclusions: Adolescents in Thailand experience high rates of victimisation and commonly witness aggression. Being personally victimised was shown to be significantly related to a subsequent expression of anger, suggesting that interventions to prevent direct confrontation may help to reduce the likelihood of victims becoming perpetrators.
Identifying risks for mental health problems in HIV positive adolescents accessing HIV treatment in Johannesburg

Background: Mental health problems of adolescents are underserved in low and middle-income countries where they account for a significant proportion of disease burden. Perinatally infected HIV-positive adolescents have a high prevalence of mental health disorders; however, little is known about those retained in care in South Africa. Methods: HIV-positive adolescents aged 13–19 years (n = 343) accessing five paediatric antiretroviral clinics in Johannesburg were assessed using standardized measures for depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidality. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted on all variables using Statistica v13. Results: Twenty-seven percent were symptomatic for depression, anxiety, or PTSD; 24% reported suicidality. Peer violence was significantly correlated to all mental health problems, as was hunger, being inappropriately touched, being hit, and being female. Those reporting sickness in the past year were more symptomatic. High exposure to violence was evident. Additionally, not feeling safe at home or in the community increased risk for all mental health disorders. Knowing one’s HIV status was protective as was having dreams for the future. Conclusion: HIV-positive adolescents accessing care demonstrated high levels of mental health problems that are largely unrecognized and could potentially be addressed within health systems. Mental health difficulties are driven by social challenges that require attention.
Targeted Beverage Taxes Influence Food and Beverage Purchases among Households with Preschool Children.

BACKGROUND How beverage taxes might influence purchases of foods and beverages among households with preschool children is unclear. Thus, we examined the relation between beverage taxes and food and beverage purchases among US households with a child 2-5 y of age. OBJECTIVES We examined how a potential tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), or SSBs and >1% fat and/or high-sugar milk, would influence household food and beverage purchases among US households with a preschool child. We aimed to identify the lowest tax rate associated with meaningful changes in purchases. METHODS We used household food and beverage purchase data from households with a single child who participated in the 2009-2012 Nielsen Homescan Panel. A 2-part, multilevel panel model was used to examine the relation between beverage prices and food and beverage purchases. Logistic regression was used in the first part of the model to estimate the probability of a food/beverage being purchased, whereas the second part of the model used log-linear regression to estimate predicted changes in purchases among reporting households. Estimates from both parts were combined, and bootstrapping was performed to obtain corrected SEs. In separate models, prices of SSBs, or SSBs and >1% and/or high-sugar milk, were perturbed by +10%, +15%, and +20%. Predicted changes in food and beverage purchases were compared across models. RESULTS Price increases of 10%, 15%, and 20% on SSBs were associated with fewer purchases of juice drinks, whereas price increases of 10%, 15%, and 20% simulated on both SSBs plus >1% fat and/or high-sugar milk (combined tax) were associated with fewer kilocalories purchased from >1% fat, low-sugar milk, and meat, poultry, fish, and mixed meat dishes. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides further evidence that a tax on beverages high in sugar and/or fat may be associated with favorable changes in beverage purchases among US households with a preschool child.
Fecal Microbial Community Structure Is Stable over Time and Related to Variation in Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intakes in Lactating Women.

BACKGROUND The fecal microbiota has been characterized in some adult populations, but little is known about its community structure during lactation. OBJECTIVES We characterized the maternal fecal microbiome during lactation and explored possible mediating factors such as nutrition. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from 20 lactating women from 2 d to 6 mo postpartum, and bacterial taxa were characterized with the use of high-throughput sequencing. Bacterial community structure (at each taxonomic level) and relations between bacterial taxa and environmental and dietary variables were visualized and analyzed with the use of stacked bar charts, principal component analysis, and multivariate analyses such as nonmetric multidimensional scaling and canonical correlation analysis. RESULTS Complex bacterial community structure was somewhat similar to those previously published for other adult populations (although there were some notable differences), and there were no clear associations with time postpartum or anthropometric or environmental variables. However, Spearman rank correlations suggested that increased intake of pantothenic acid, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 were related to increased relative abundance of Prevotella (r = 0.45, 0.39, 0.34, and 0.24, respectively; P ≤ 0.01) and decreased relative abundance of Bacteroides (r = -0.55, -0.46, -0.32, and -0.35, respectively; P ≤ 0.01). Intakes of copper, magnesium, manganese, and molybdenum were positively associated with Firmicutes (r = 0.33, 0.38, 0.44, and 0.51, respectively; P ≤ 0.01) and negatively associated with Bacteroidetes (r = -0.38, -0.44, -0.48, and -0.53, respectively; P ≤ 0.01). Overall, data consistently suggest that increased consumption of a more nutrient- and calorie-rich diet was positively associated with relative abundance of Firmicutes. CONCLUSIONS The fecal microbiome of lactating women is relatively stable in the postpartum period and somewhat similar to that of other adult populations. Variation in dietary constituents may be related to that of relative abundance of individual bacterial taxa. Controlled dietary intervention studies will be required to determine whether these associations are causal in nature.
Supplementation of the Pure Flavonoids Epicatechin and Quercetin Affects Some Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation in (Pre)Hypertensive Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial.

BACKGROUND Consumption of flavonoid-rich foods such as cocoa and tea may reduce cardiovascular disease risk. The flavonoids epicatechin (in cocoa and tea) and quercetin (in tea) probably play a role by reducing endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, 2 main determinants of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE We studied the effects of supplementation of pure epicatechin and quercetin on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. METHODS Thirty-seven apparently healthy (pre)hypertensive men and women (40-80 y) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Participants ingested (-)-epicatechin (100 mg/d), quercetin-3-glucoside (160 mg/d), or placebo capsules for a period of 4 wk, in random order. Plasma biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation were measured at the start and end of each 4-wk intervention period. The differences in changes over time between the intervention and placebo periods (Δintervention - Δplacebo) were calculated and tested with a linear mixed model for repeated measures. RESULTS Epicatechin changed Δepicatechin - Δplacebo for soluble endothelial selectin (sE-selectin) by -7.7 ng/mL (95% CI: -14.5, -0.83; P = 0.03) but did not significantly change this difference (-0.30; 95% CI: -0.61, 0.01; P = 0.06) for the z score for endothelial dysfunction. Quercetin changed Δquercetin - Δplacebo for sE-selectin by -7.4 ng/mL (95% CI: -14.3, -0.56; P = 0.03), that for IL-1β by -0.23 pg/mL (95% CI: -0.40, -0.06; P = 0.009), and that for the z score for inflammation by -0.33 (95% CI: -0.60, -0.05; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In (pre)hypertensive men and women, epicatechin may contribute to the cardioprotective effects of cocoa and tea through improvements in endothelial function. Quercetin may contribute to the cardioprotective effects of tea possibly by improving endothelial function and reducing inflammation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01691404.
Relação entre flexibilidade e força muscular em adultos jovens de ambos os sexos

Adequate levels of muscle strength and flexibility allow for efficient movements, improving sports performance and providing a better quality of life. However, the potential mutual interference between strength and joint motion is unknown. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between global and regional muscle strength and flexibility in young adults. Fifty (30 men, 20 women, age 22 ± 4 years) healthy subjects were submitted to an evaluation consisting of kineanthropometry (body weight, height, limb girths, skinfolds), measurement of the maximal passive range of joint motion (flexitest method which compares the joint range achieved to reference maps) and of the peak skeletal muscle strength [one-repetition maximum (1-MR) test of hand-grip, legpress and bench press]. The results of muscle strength were corrected by the corresponding muscular girth, calculated by subtracting the limb girth from the skinfold times the π value. The global flexibility (the sum of the result of all 20 joint movements) was higher in women [(median and range) = 52 (38-69)] compared to men [46 (37-57); p = 0.004] due to a higher regional flexibility (the sum of related movements) of the hip (p = 0.004), spine (p = 0.006) and lower limbs (p = 0.011), whereas the strength of each movement was higher in men (p = 0.001). There was no correlation between flexibility and muscle strength either for men or women, when all data points were pooled (women: r = 0.149; p = 0.531; men: r = 0.092; p = 0.628) or separated by body regions (p > 0.05). The authors concluded that, considering the age range studied, women presented higher flexibility than men, particularly for the movements of the spine, hip and lower limbs, while men present higher global and regional muscle strength, even when corrected for the difference in muscle mass. Results suggest that there was no relationship between muscle strength and flexibility in healthy young adults.
Civil Remedies and Drug Control

This study evaluates the impact of a civil remedy program (Beat Health) on drug and disorder problems under experimental field trial conditions. Using calls for service data, the authors find statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups, when drug problem calls prior to the start of the intervention were compared to drug calls during a 12-month follow-up period. The Beat Health sites, especially the residential sites, improved relative to the control sites. By contrast, the control treatment (patrol response) led to significant increases in drug problems, particularly at the commercial properties included in this study. The authors also examined the spatial influences of the Beat Health and patrol responses in catchment areas surrounding each of the 100 study sites. The results show some improvement in the experimental residential sites. The authors found, however, a possible displacement of drug problems in and around both the commercial experimental and control sites. They show that the displacement effect is most notable in the commercial control sites.
Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements Increase Energy and Macronutrient Intakes from Complementary Food among Malawian Infants.

BACKGROUND Low intakes of good-quality complementary foods (CFs) contribute to undernutrition and consequently negatively affect health, growth, and development. Lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNSs) are designed to ensure dietary adequacy in micronutrients and essential fatty acids and to provide some energy and high-quality protein. In populations in which acute energy deficiency is rare, the dose-dependent effect of LNSs on CF intakes is unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference in energy and macronutrient intakes from CF between a control (no supplement) group and 3 groups that received 10, 20, or 40 g LNS/d. METHODS We collected repeated interactive 24-h dietary recalls from caregivers of rural Malawian 9- to 10-mo-old infants (n = 748) to estimate dietary intakes (LNS and all non-breast-milk foods) of energy and macronutrients and their dietary patterns. All infants were participating in a 12-mo randomized controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of various doses of LNS for preventing undernutrition. RESULTS Dietary energy intakes were significantly higher among infants in the LNS intervention groups than in the control group (396, 406, and 388 kcal/d in the 10-, 20-, and 40-g LNS/d groups, respectively, compared with 345 kcal/d; each pairwise P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found in energy intakes between groups who were administered the different LNS doses (10 g LNS/d compared with 20 g LNS/d: P = 0.72; 10 g LNS/d compared with 40 g LNS/d: P ≥ 0.67; 20 g LNS/d compared with 40 g LNS/d: P = 0.94). Intakes of protein and fat were significantly higher in the LNS intervention groups than in the control group. No significant intergroup differences were found in median intakes of energy from non-LNS CFs (357, 347, and 296 kcal/d in the 10-, 20-, and 40-g LNS/d groups, respectively, compared with 345 kcal/d in the control group; P = 0.11). CONCLUSION LNSs in doses of 10-40 g/d increase intakes of energy and macronutrients among 9- to 10-mo-old Malawian infants, without displacing locally available CFs. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00945698.
Vitamin D Supplementation Affects the Beck Depression Inventory, Insulin Resistance, and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND Vitamin D may decrease depression symptoms through its beneficial effects on neurotransmitters, metabolic profiles, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to assess whether vitamin D supplementation can reduce symptoms of depression, metabolic profiles, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 40 patients between 18 and 65 y of age with a diagnosis of MDD based on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either a single capsule of 50 kIU vitamin D/wk (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) for 8 wk. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and postintervention to quantify relevant variables. The primary [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which examines depressive symptoms] and secondary (glucose homeostasis variables, lipid profiles, hs-CRP, and biomarkers of oxidative stress) outcomes were assessed. RESULTS Baseline concentrations of mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were significantly different between the 2 groups (9.2 ± 6.0 and 13.6 ± 7.9 μg/L in the placebo and control groups, respectively, P = 0.02). After 8 wk of intervention, changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were significantly greater in the vitamin D group (+20.4 μg/L) than in the placebo group (-0.9 μg/L, P < 0.001). A trend toward a greater decrease in the BDI was observed in the vitamin D group than in the placebo group (-8.0 and -3.3, respectively, P = 0.06). Changes in serum insulin (-3.6 compared with +2.9 μIU/mL, P = 0.02), estimated homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (-1.0 compared with +0.6, P = 0.01), estimated homeostasis model assessment of β cell function (-13.9 compared with +10.3, P = 0.03), plasma total antioxidant capacity (+63.1 compared with -23.4 mmol/L, P = 0.04), and glutathione (+170 compared with -213 μmol/L, P = 0.04) in the vitamin D group were significantly different from those in the placebo group. CONCLUSION Overall, vitamin D supplementation of patients with MDD for 8 wk had beneficial effects on the BDI, indicators of glucose homeostasis, and oxidative stress. This trial was registered at www.irct. ir as IRCT201412065623N29.
“Bottle it up—take a cup!” The fight against nursing caries in the Netherlands: the campaign and its results

Abstract In the Netherlands, as in many other countries in the western world, the fight against tooth decay through preventive measures has been a successful one over the past decades. However, the incidence of one form of caries, nursing caries, has in recent years become a matter of some concern. The Ivory Cross/NIGZ launched a campaign against this issue in the Netherlands in 1995. An on-going process evaluation accompanied the implementation phase of the campaign. Eighteen months after the start of the campaign an outcome evaluation was conducted. This campaign, with the slogan “Bottle it up—take a cup! ”, aimed at reducing the incidence of nursing caries in primary teeth by reducing baby bottle use after the nursing period and stimulating a switch to the drinking cup from 9 months upwards. The message was specifically aimed at parents of children aged 9 to 18 months. Because it was impossible for the Ivory Cross to reach this group directly and in its entirety, a two step communication strategy was worked out for the three identified intermediary target groups. Based on the results, we can conclude that the chosen two step communication strategy is a successful one. The intermediary target groups were stimulated, motivated and enabled to address the topic with parents (step 1) in order to increase the awareness, and to induce changes in the attitudes and behaviour of parents of young children (step 2). Furthermore, in the reported project it was learned that a combination of process and outcome evaluation was valuable. Firstly, process evaluation monitored the activities, so that adjustments to some of the problems could be made. Secondly, process evaluation produced insight into the implementation process which enabled a good interpretation of the results of the outcome evaluation. Thirdly, the process evaluation gained information which was necessary to decide to continue the campaign's activities, in particular to cover the topic for each new group of parents.
Experiences of Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes in School: Survey of Children, Parents, and Schools

More than 160,000 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes are enrolled in public and private schools in the United States.1,2 School children with type 1 diabetes must be afforded the proper time and tools for diabetes self-care to be safe, learn effectively, and be able to participate in all school activities.3,4 In addition, knowledgeable school personnel are needed to assist them when they do need help. Thanks to the efforts of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), the National Diabetes Education Program (NDEP), and the Children with Diabetes Web site, much progress has been made in the past 20 years to ensure that children in schools are safe and protected. Each of these organizations has provided valuable educational and advocacy resources for parents and educational materials for school systems. The daily self-management of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes is complex and dynamic. It requires frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), insulin injections, and individual meal plans.5-7 However, changes in daily schedules (e.g., recess, physical education class, school outings, and participation in sports) or an acute illness complicate children's blood glucose management while at school. In addition, children are continually growing during each academic year, requiring frequent changes to their individualized treatment plans. Decisions concerning adjustments in insulin doses occur often while children are in school and frequently must be made by a school nurse, parent, or guardian following protocols in the comprehensive diabetes care plan prescribed by the children's physicians.8,9 School nurses are the principal contact person between parents and guardians and health care providers with regard to updating children's individualized diabetes care plans for management of acute problems during the school day. Unfortunately, some school systems do not have …