Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Initial Public Offerings : An international perspective

Part One Performance of IPOs 1 Nasdaq IPO around the market peak in 2000 2 Returns to style investments in Initial Public Offers 3 The long-run performance of Taiwans IPOs conditioning characteristics: evidence from efficiently learning markets Anlin Chen, Sue L. Chiou and Chinshun Wu 4 Short and long-run performance of IPOs traded on the Istanbul stock exchange Mehmet Orhan 5 Indexing the IPO sector with IPOX indices Josef A. Schuster 6 The size effect of firms going public on the Spanish capital market Susana Alvarez-Otero and Victor M. Gonzalez-Mendez 7 Earnings management and the lomg-run performance of Spanish inital public offerings Maria J. Pastor-LLorca and Francisco Poveda-Fuentes 8 IPO Intial returns on European new markets Giancarlo Giudici and Peter Roosenboom 9 Efficiency of U.S. Internet IPOs: a data envelopment analysis approach Greg N. Gregoriou and Maher Kooli Part Two IPO Underpricing: International Evidence 10 Generalzing the winners curse hypothesis: the case of the Belgian IPO market Michel Boelen and Georges Hubner 11 Flipping activity in fixed offer price mechanism allocated IPOs Dimitrios Gounopoulos 12 Getting the IPO right: viva la France? Edel Barnes 13 Underpricing and the aftermarket performance of inital public offerings: the case of Austria Wolfgang Aussenegg 14 The hot-issue period in Germany-what factors drove IPO underpricing? Stefan Guenther and Marco Rummer 15 Reassessing Canadian IPO underpricing: evidence from common share, capital pool company and unit offering Maher Kooli 16 IPO Underpricing and ownership structure: evidence from the Istanbul stock exchange M. Banu Durukan Part Three Corporate Strucuture and IPO Evaluation 17 IPOs and earnings management in Germany Tereza Tykvova 18 Signaling and the valuation of IPOs: regression tests Steven Xiaofan Zheng 19 The role of venture capitalists in IPO performance: emprical evidence from Germany Andreas Hack and Erik E. Lehmann 20 Ownership structure and intial public offerings in Portugal Jose Miguel Almeida and Joao Duque Part Four Bookbuilding, Listing and Underwriting 21 Bookbuilding and shre pre-allocation in IPOs Nancy Huyghebaert and Cynthia Van Hulle 22 Costs and benefits in the choice of the audit and underwriting qualitiy in the IPO market: an empirical analysis of competing theories Joseph Aharony, Ran Barniv and Chan-Jane Lin 23 Siamese Twins and Virtual Mergers: Dual Listed Companies in Australia Paul Ali 24 Equity issuance trends in Australias listed investment fund markets Martin Gold 25 Do underwriters create value for issuers by subjectively determining offer prices? Steve Dolvin
The determinants of the adoption and application of business intelligence : an ERP perspective

Business intelligence, as a decision support tool in many organisations, has offered the ability to gather, store, access and analyse huge amounts of data so that better decisions can be made regarding customers, suppliers, employees, logistics and infrastructure. Prior empirical studies of business intelligence and decision support applications (BIDSA) focus on technological and operational aspects and there is very little research to consider managerial and strategic factors. The factors that affect the adoption of BIDSA have, however, not yet been fully investigated. Differences in the use of information technology (IT) have been distinguished in different countries and so it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study about the facilitating and inhibiting factors in the adoption and diffusion of BIDSA in Australia. The aim of this study was thus to fill the gap by investigating factors affecting the successful adoption of BIDSA in Australian ERP user organisations by applying Rogers’ theory of Diffusion of Innovations (DOI), and to develop a conceptual model for the successful adoption of BIDSA.
Cysteine toxicity for oral streptococci and effect of branched-chain amino acids

Cysteine was bactericidal to strains of Streptococcus mutans and S. salivarius in concentrations that were nontoxic to S. sanguis, S. milleri, or S. mitior when these microorganisms were incubated in a saliva protein-based synthetic medium. Cysteine toxicity for S. mutans also occurred after incubation in synthetic base medium supplemented with amino acids as the nitrogen source for growth. The bactericidal effect of cysteine for S. mutans or S. salivarius in the saliva protein medium was influenced by the cysteine oxidative activity associated with the saliva protein fraction. Valine alone or in combination with leucine or isoleucine was effective in overcoming cysteine toxicity for susceptible strains of S. mutans or S. salivarius. Cysteine toxicity for these oral streptococci may be due to cysteine inhibition of an enzymatic step in the valine-leucine biosynthetic pathway.
Recurrent Processing Enhances Visual Awareness but Is Not Necessary for Fast Categorization of Natural Scenes

Humans are rapid in categorizing natural scenes. Electrophysiological recordings reveal that scenes containing animals can be categorized within 150 msec, which has been interpreted to indicate that feedforward flow of information from V1 to higher visual areas is sufficient for visual categorization. However, recent studies suggest that recurrent interactions between higher and lower levels in the visual hierarchy may also be involved in categorization. To clarify the role of recurrent processing in scene categorization, we recorded EEG and manipulated recurrent processing with object substitution masking while the participants performed a go/no-go animal/nonanimal categorization task. The quality of visual awareness was measured with a perceptual awareness scale after each trial. Masking reduced the clarity of perceptual awareness, slowed down categorization speed for scenes that were not clearly perceived, and reduced the electrophysiological difference elicited by animal and nonanimal scenes after 150 msec. The results imply that recurrent processes enhance the resolution of conscious representations and thus support categorization of stimuli that are difficult to categorize on the basis of the coarse feedforward representations alone.
Start-Up Demonstration Test Based on Total Successes and Total Failures With Dependent Start-Ups

Start-up demonstration testing is an effective method for illustrating the reliability of a unit before purchasing it. The test consists of starting-up the unit, and observing the outcomes, either success or failure. According to the total successes total failures (TSTF) test procedure, a unit under test is accepted when a specified number of successes is observed before a specified number of failures; otherwise, the unit is rejected. We study the TSTF procedure for dependent start-ups where the outcome of the present start-up depends on the total number of successful start-ups so far. The main characteristics of the TSTF test are obtained under this previous-sum dependent model, and numerical illustrations are presented.
Differences in the pharmacokinetics of protease inhibitors between healthy volunteers and HIV-infected persons

Purpose of review Pharmacokinetic and drug–drug interaction studies are conducted in both healthy volunteers and the target population (HIV-infected patients), but there is little discussion of the potential for differences in drug disposition between the two groups. It is important to recognize that the pharmacokinetics of drugs may be altered in HIV-infected persons as compared with healthy individuals. The aim of this review is to highlight some of the important differences in drug handling between healthy volunteers and HIV-infected individuals, focusing on protease inhibitors. Recent findings Studies aimed at characterizing disparities in pharmacokinetics between healthy volunteers and HIV patients are lacking. Data suggest that concentrations of some protease inhibitors are lower in HIV patients than in HIV-negative volunteers (atazanavir and tipranavir), but generally comparisons are made across studies and study centres, and so multiple variables, such as differences in food and study design, can influence findings. We have conducted an ‘in-house’ analysis, comparing atazanavir, lopinavir and saquinavir between HIV-infected patients and healthy volunteers enrolled in the same study centre with similar study designs. Summary For atazanavir the current data are quite convincing that concentrations are lower in HIV-infected patients than in healthy individuals, but for others it is not so clear. The ‘in-house’ analyses for atazanavir, lopinavir and saquinavir attempted to address some of the difficulties with cross-study comparisons, but it should be noted that subject numbers were small. Physiological changes resulting from HIV disease can influence drug pharmacokinetics and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
Inhibitors of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins: a patent review

Introduction: The B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins is central to the regulation of apoptosis, which is vital for proper tissue development and cellular homeostasis. Anti-apoptotic proteins, members of the Bcl-2 family, are an important survival factor for many cancers and their overexpression has been associated with tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to current anticancer therapies. Therefore, strategies seeking to antagonize the function of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic proteins have been extensively studied for developing a novel cancer therapy. Areas covered: This review covers research and patent literature of the last 15 years dealing with the discovery and development of inhibitors of the Bcl-2 protein family. Expert opinion: The feasibility of disrupting protein–protein interactions between anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins, members of the Bcl-2 family, using peptidomimetics and small-molecule inhibitors has been successfully established. Three small-molecule inhibitors have entered human clinical trials, which will allow the evaluation of this potential therapeutic approach in cancer patients. It will be important to gain a better understanding of pan and selective Bcl-2 inhibitors in order to facilitate future drug design efforts.
Estimation of an International Capital Asset Pricing Model with Stocks and Government Bonds

The paper investigates whether US, Japanese and European stock and government bond return indices are jointly priced within a conditional multivariate form of the international Capital asset Pricing Model during the period 1993-2001. It also explores the time variation of the price of market risk within this framework, allowing for a structural change in the prices of market and currency risk. The corresponding conditional optimal portfolio weights are compared with the observed market capitalization weights of the assets. The agreement is found to be better for the stock markets than for the bond markets. Finally, out-of-sample performance of the conditional optimal portfolio is measured relative to the market portfolio of stocks and bonds.
‘The ‘One Million Club': Executive Compensation and Firm Performance

Using data for the 186 public corporations in which the CEO’s total annual remuneration exceeded NIS 1 million in 1997, we examine the statistically significant variables affecting the CEO’s salary and the mean compensation of the five top executives. The results of our cross-sectional examination display greater uniformity than those of other studies as regards the positive and significant effect of the size and performance variables, although the estimated sensitivity of wages to performance was greater than that reported in empirical studies in Israel and abroad. We estimate a sensitivity level of 0.325, which can be translated into average growth of NIS 85,000 rise in the CEO’s annual remuneration associated with a rise of NIS 10 million in the firm’s profits. Against the backdrop of the existence of external and internal controlling mechanisms, which constitute an alternative to drawing up a performance-sensitive employment contract, we examine policy regarding the CEO’s compensation in the framework of the firm’s capacity to cope with the agency problem. In this context, a significant correlation was found between a CEO’s compensation and four substitute controlling mechanisms: monitoring by major shareholders, by mutual funds, by debt-holders, and dividend policy. One of our most interesting findings was that in 112 of the 186 companies in the sample there was a personal relationship between the holders of a controlling interest and the CEO. We also found that even though firms with a professional CEO were generally larger and more profitable, the overall compensation their CEOs received did not differ significantly from that paid to the CEO in firms where he had a close relationship with the holders of a controlling interest, although the proportion of the operating profit represented by the CEO’s compensation in these companies was 2.6 times as great as it was in companies where no such relationship was found. One of the conclusions of our analysis is that, ceteris paribus, the total compensation awarded to a CEO will be 30 percent higher in a company where his connection with the major shareholders goes beyond natural business relations.
TRPC 1 and Orai 1 interact with STIM 1 and mediate capacitative Ca 2 entry caused by acute hypoxia in mouse pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells

Ng LC, O’Neill KG, French D, Airey JA, Singer CA, Tian H, Shen XM, Hume JR. TRPC1 and Orai1 interact with STIM1 and mediate capacitative Ca entry caused by acute hypoxia in mouse pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 303: C1156 –C1172, 2012. First published October 3, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00065. 2012. —Previous studies in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) showed that acute hypoxia activates capacitative Ca entry (CCE) but the molecular candidate(s) mediating CCE caused by acute hypoxia remain unclear. The present study aimed to determine if transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) and Orai1 interact with stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) and mediate CCE caused by acute hypoxia in mouse PASMCs. In primary cultured PASMCs loaded with fura-2, acute hypoxia caused a transient followed by a sustained rise in intracellular Ca concentration ([Ca ]i). The transient but not sustained rise in [Ca ]i was partially inhibited by nifedipine. Acute hypoxia also increased the rate of Mn quench of fura-2 fluorescence that was inhibited by SKF 96365, Ni , La , and Gd , exhibiting pharmacological properties characteristic of CCE. The nifedipine-insensitive rise in [Ca ]i and the increase in Mn quench rate were both inhibited in cells treated with TRPC1 antibody or TRPC1 small interfering (si)RNA, in STIM1 siRNA-transfected cells and in Orai1 siRNA-transfected cells. Moreover, overexpression of STIM1 resulted in a marked increase in [Ca ]i and Mn quench rate caused by acute hypoxia, and they were reduced in cells treated with TRPC1 antibody and in cells transfected with Orai1 siRNA. Furthermore, TRPC1 and Orai1 coimmunoprecipitated with STIM1 and the precipitation levels of TRPC1 and Orai1 were increased in cells exposed to acute hypoxia. Immunostaining showed colocalizations of TRPC1STIM1 and Orai1-STIM1, and the colocalizations of these proteins were more apparent in acute hypoxia. These data provide direct evidence that TRPC1 and Orai1 channels mediate CCE through activation of STIM1 in acute hypoxic mouse PASMCs.
TDMA Based Code Dissemination Protocol on an Integrated Positioning and Sensing System

Over-the-air programming (OAP) protocols play a key role in wireless sensor network maintenance and task assignment. Most existing OAP protocols are contention based and suffer from collisions and the hidden terminal problem. We propose a novel TDMA based code dissemination service called WCDS that has been implemented on our WASP platform, which is a high performance integrated sensing, communication, and positioning system. WCDS is designed as a background service without interfering with normal network operations, in contrast to the existing OAP protocols that freeze sensing and data service during code download. We implement hand-shaking, pipelining and time slot scheduling to achieve high reliability and fast completion time. Experimental results show that WCDS outperform Deluge by 30% in completion time and up to 40% in energy saving.
Are blogs still effective to maintain customer relationships

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to propose a model investigating the effectiveness of travel blogs as a relationship marketing tool. Specifically, the mediating role of online relationship quality (RQ) dimensions between the attributes of blogs and e-loyalty is modeled. Furthermore, the study investigates the e-loyalty to travel blogs in explaining the reader’s intention to purchase from its online retailer. Design/methodology/approach – The subjects of this study were blog readers who had travel blog usage experiences. The online survey was conducted by one of the major portal Web sites in Taiwan. There were 288 usable responses obtained in total. The structural equation modeling approach was used to estimate the research model. Findings – The research results indicate that information quality plays a dominant role in influencing online satisfaction and trust. The mediating role of e-satisfaction between e-trust and e-loyalty is identified, and thus the online RQ development process: information q.
Measuring radiotelescope phased array feed noise and sensitivity

Various challenges have arisen in the measurement of phased array feeds for radiotelescopes. We focus here on measuring the equivalent noise temperature and the sensitivity of these feeds. We outline the differences between characterizing phased array feeds compared with traditional single horn feeds and provide results from our experience in developing phased array feeds for the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder.
Functional consequences of an LMNA mutation associated with a new cardiac and non‐cardiac phenotype

Heritable dilated cardiomyopathy is a genetically highly heterogeneous disease. To date 17 different chromosomal loci have been described for autosomal dominant forms of dilated cardiomyopathy with or without additional clinical manifestations. Among the 10 mutated genes associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, the lamin A/C (LMNA) gene has been reported in forms associated with conduction‐system disease with or without skeletal muscle myopathy. For the first time, we report here a French family affected with a new phenotype composed of an autosomal dominant severe dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction defects or atrial/ventricular arrhythmias, and a specific quadriceps muscle myopathy. In all previously reported cases with both cardiac and neuromuscular involvement, neuromuscular disorders preceded cardiac abnormalities. The screening of the coding sequence of the LMNA gene on all family members was performed and we identified a missense mutation (R377H) in the lamin A/C gene that cosegregated with the disease in the family. Cell transfection experiments showed that the R377H mutation leads to mislocalization of both lamin and emerin. These results were obtained in both muscular (C2C12) and non‐muscular cells (COS‐7). This new phenotype points out the wide spectrum of neuromuscular and cardiac manifestations associated with lamin A/C mutations, with the functional consequence of this mutation seemingly associated with a disorganization of the lamina. Hum Mutat 21:473–481, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Role of Leaders in Internal Marketing: A Multilevel Examination Through the Lens of Social Identity Theory

There is little empirical research on internal marketing despite its intuitive appeal and anecdotal accounts of its benefits. Adopting a social identity theory perspective, the authors propose that internal marketing is fundamentally a process in which leaders instill into followers a sense of oneness with the organization, formally known as organizational identification (OI). The authors test the OI-transfer research model in two multinational studies using multilevel and multisource data. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses show that the OI-transfer process takes place in the relationships between business unit managers and salespeople and between regional directors and business unit managers. Furthermore, both leader–follower dyadic tenure and charismatic leadership moderate this cascading effect. Leaders with a mismatch between their charisma and OI ultimately impair followers’ OI. In turn, customer-contact employees’ OI strongly predicts their sales performance. Finally, both employees’ and sales managers’ OI are positively related to their business units’ financial performance. The study provides empirical evidence for the role of leaders, especially middle-managers, in building member identification that lays the foundation for internal marketing.
Comparative tumor promotion assessment of e‐cigarette and cigarettes using the in vitro Bhas 42 cell transformation assay

In vitro cell transformation assays (CTA) are used to assess the carcinogenic potential of chemicals and complex mixtures and can detect nongenotoxic as well as genotoxic carcinogens. The Bhas 42 CTA has been developed with both initiation and promotion protocols to distinguish between these two carcinogen classes. Cigarette smoke is known to be carcinogenic and is positive in in vitro genotoxicity assays. Cigarette smoke also contains nongenotoxic carcinogens and is a tumour promoter and cocarcinogen in vivo. We have combined a suite of in vitro assays to compare the relative biological effects of new categories of tobacco and nicotine products with traditional cigarettes. The Bhas promotion assay has been included in this test battery to provide an in vitro surrogate for detecting tumor promoters. The activity of an electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette; Vype ePen) was compared to that of a reference cigarette (3R4F) in the promotion assay, using total particulate matter (TPM)/aerosol collected matter (ACM) and aqueous extracts (AqE) of product aerosol emissions. 3R4F TPM was positive in this assay at concentrations ≥6 µg/mL, while e‐cigarette ACM did not have any promoter activity. AqE was found to be a lesssuitable test matrix in this assay due to high cytotoxicity. This is the first study to use the Bhas assay to compare tobacco and nicotine products and demonstrates the potential for its future application as part of a product assessment framework. These data add to growing evidence suggesting that e‐cigarettes may provide a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:190–198, 2017. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pressure jump conditions for stokes equations with discontinuous viscosity in 2D and 3D

In this paper, the jump conditions for the normal derivative of the pressure have been derived for two-phase Stokes (and Navier-Stokes) equations with discontinuous viscosity and singular sources in two and three dimensions. While different jump conditions for the pressure and the velocity can be found in the literature, the jump condition of the normal derivative of the pressure is new. The derivation is based on the idea of the immersed interface method [9, 8] that uses a fixed local coordinate system and the balance of forces along the interface that separates the two phases. The derivation process also provides a way to compute the jump conditions. The jump conditions for the pressure and the velocity are useful in developing accurate numerical methods for two-phase Stokes equations and Navier-Stokes equations.
The Airport Business

1. The Airport Business 2. Issues in Airport Management 3. Cost and Revenue Structures 4. Aeronautical Charges and Pricing Polices 5. Alternative Pricing Strategies 6. Developing a Commercial Strategy 7. Maximizing Concession Revenue 8. Monitoring Airport Performance 9. Airports in the United States (Anne Graham) 10. Airports in the Developing World