Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-Label Suppression: A Discriminative and Fast Dictionary Learning With Group Regularization

This paper addresses image classification through learning a compact and discriminative dictionary efficiently. Given a structured dictionary with each atom (columns in the dictionary matrix) related to some label, we propose cross-label suppression constraint to enlarge the difference among representations for different classes. Meanwhile, we introduce group regularization to enforce representations to preserve label properties of original samples, meaning the representations for the same class are encouraged to be similar. Upon the cross-label suppression, we donot resort to frequently-used <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-norm or <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-norm for coding, and obtain computational efficiency without losing the discriminative power for categorization. Moreover, two simple classification schemes are also developed to take full advantage of the learnt dictionary. Extensive experiments on six data sets, including face recognition, object categorization, scene classification, texture recognition, and sport action categorization are conducted, and the results show that the proposed approach can outperform lots of recently presented dictionary algorithms on both recognition accuracy and computational efficiency.
Model of UV flashes due to gigantic blue jets

Analysis of UV flashes observed by the UV detector on board the ‘Tatiana’ microsatellite suggests, based on their location, pulse width and energy of the source of the photons, that the flashes were generated by gigantic blue jets (GBJs). Presented in this paper is a numerical model of UV flashes due to a bunch of long streamers which form a leader, a prong such as that observed in a GBJ. Using a previously developed model of upward propagation of a long streamer in the exponential atmosphere the paper describes temporal evolution of the UV flux generated by a bunch of long streamers, in the given spectral range 300–400 nm used by the UV detector on board ‘Tatiana’. The model is in agreement with the observations.
Morphology and Electrochemical Properties of Activated and Sputtered Iridium Oxide Films for Functional Electrostimulation

Iridium oxide (IrOx) has attracted much attention for neural interface applications due to its ability to transfer between ionic and electronic current and to resist corrosion. The physical, mechanical, chemical, electrical and optical properties of thin films depend on the method and parameters used to deposit the films. In this report, the surface morphology, impedance and charge capacity of activated iridium oxide film (AIROF) and sputtered iridium oxide film (SIROF) were investigated in vitro and compared. The Utah Electrode Array (UEA) having similar electrode area and shape were employed in this study. The electrode coated with AIROF and SIROF were characterized by scanning electron microcopy, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potential transient measurements to measure charge injection capacity (CIC). SIROF and AIROF selectively deposited on electrode tip had dendrite and granular microstructure, respectively. The CIC of unbiased SIROF and AIROF was found to be 2 and 1 mC/cm2, respectively, which is comparable to other published values. The average impedance, at a frequency of 1 kHz was ~65 and ~7 kΩ for the AIROF and SIROF, respectively. Low impedance and high CIC makes SIROF highly recommended stimulation and recording material.
Fishman's sampling plan for computing network reliability

This paper analyzes a sampling method proposed by Fishman (1986) for computing the 2-terminal and global reliability of a network. It describes the sampling algorithm, and computation experiments on networks corresponding to a real situation as well as examples from the literature. A communication network is modeled by an undirected graph as a function of the set of vertices (the network nodes) and the set of edges (the links connecting pairs of vertices). Each edge is in 1 of 2 states (operational and failed). Failures are assumed to be statistically independent. A network is connected if the set of edges that are operational, forms a spanning connected subgraph (a subgraph containing at least 1 operational path between any 2 vertices). The problems of computing: (1) the 2-terminal network reliability (probability that between 2 given vertices there exists at least 1 operational path); and (2) the global network reliability (probability that the network is connected), are treated. This paper provides: (i) a detailed, clear exposition of the Fishman method, (ii) a complete description of the corresponding algorithm, (iii) its extension for computing global reliability (problem 2), and (iv) computational experiments on networks both new and in the literature. A Monte Carlo approach for these problems is fully justified by looking at their computational complexity. The exact computation of the network reliability (either 2-terminal or global) is a /spl npar/P-complete problem. If one looks for efficient algorithms, one must settle for approximations obtained by a heuristic procedure.
Study of Prevalence of Anaemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

In type 2 diabetes mellitus, anemia is progressively more recognized entity and can lead to serious morbidity in patients with diabetes. The present study was done to find out the prevalence of anemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, prevalence of anemia was also evaluated according to glycemic control status and gender. The present study included 105 patients of Type 2 Diabetes in 6 months period, visiting Deptt. Of Medicine OPD, Parivar Hospital, Gwalior. Blood was collected from each patient to estimate the hemoglobin level and other glycemic parameters. All the data were analyzed using IBM SPSSver. 20 software. Analysis was performed using independent sample t test and one way ANOVA. P values <0.05 was considered to be significant. In present study mean age of study population was 50.26±11.47 years. There was a male predominance (63.80%). Mean duration of diabetes was 6.32±10.27 years. Mean hemoglobin level was significantly higher in male (14.56±1.53 g/dL) population compared to females (13±1.40 g/dL) (p<0.05). The prevalence of anemia among the diabetic population was 18.09%. Anemia was more common in female (31.57%) compared to male (10.44%) diabetic population whose HbA1c was not controlled. Anemia was a common finding in type 2 Diabetics. Gender difference and patient’s poor glycaemic control were linked to the prevalence of anemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Negotiating old and new ways: contextualizing adapted health care-seeking behaviors of Korean immigrants in Hawaii

Objective. Korean immigrants have been identified as one of the most disadvantaged ethnic groups in terms of health insurance coverage and health care access in the USA. Korean immigrants enjoyed access to primary and preventive care services in their home country. This study explores how Korean immigrants' health-seeking behaviors are reconstructed by contextualizing their health care experience and adaptation process in Hawaii. Design. Face-to-face individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 recently arrived Korean immigrant adults in Hawaii, who were selected by a purposive sampling method. Results. A diminution of seeking professional health care services after immigration was the prominent change in their health care behaviors. They delayed seeking primary care, underused preventive care, extended self-diagnosis and self-treatment, and practiced more treatment- and emergency-oriented care. New immigrants also adopted ethnic enclave health care and transnational health care as alternative strategies to meet their health care needs given the structural and cultural constraints. Sociocultural contexts of both home and host countries shaped the behavioral changes and adoption of alternative health care strategies, interplaying with an individual's characteristics. Lack of health insurance and unfamiliarity with the health care system were the most important factors in the decision whether to and when to seek professional health care, while the lack of English proficiency and cultural concerns were the major determinants of where to get health care. Conclusions. The study suggested that efforts should be concentrated to minimize structural barriers to health insurance and to improve health care access through policy interventions. Ethnic networks and ethnic media could be used as an effective informational reservoir for introducing various health care resources, disseminating information, and navigating new immigrants to the health system and services. Utilizing ethnic health care facilities and professionals would foster the promotion of immigrant health care without language and cultural challenges.
Decorin suppresses neurocan, brevican, phosphacan and NG2 expression and promotes axon growth across adult rat spinal cord injuries

The formation of misaligned scar tissue by a variety of cell types expressing multiple axon growth inhibitory proteoglycans presents a physical and molecular barrier to axon regeneration after adult spinal cord injuries. Decorin is a small, leucine‐rich proteoglycan that has previously been shown to reduce astrogliosis and basal lamina formation in acute cerebral cortex stab injuries. We have therefore tested whether mini pump infusion of hr‐decorin into acute stab injuries of the adult rat spinal cord can not only inhibit formation of an astroglial limitans but also deposition of the axon growth inhibitory proteoglycans neurocan, NG2, phosphacan and brevican. Combined immunohistochemical and quantitative Western blot analysis revealed major reductions in levels of core protein expression (>80% for 130‐kDa neurocan, 145/80‐kDa brevican, 300‐kDa phosphacan) and immunoreactivity for all four chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) within decorin‐treated injuries compared with untreated controls. Astrogliosis within lesion margins and the accumulation of OX42+ macrophages/microglia within lesion centres were also significantly reduced. These decorin‐induced changes in scar formation combined to promote the striking ability of axons from microtransplanted adult sensory neurons to enter, grow within and exit decorin‐infused spinal cord injuries, in sharp contrast to the complete failure of axons to cross untreated, CSPG‐rich lesions. Decorin pretreatment of meningial fibroblasts in vitro also resulted in a three‐fold increase in neurite outgrowth from co‐cultured adult sensory neurons and suppression of NG2 immunoreactivity. The ability of decorin to promote axon growth across acute spinal cord injuries via a coordinated suppression of inflammation, CSPG expression and astroglial scar formation make decorin treatment a promising component of future spinal cord regeneration strategies.
Neurologic complications of 2009 influenza A (H1N1)

Each year, respiratory complications of seasonal influenza result in substantial morbidity and mortality. However, evidence continues to accrue suggesting that influenza illness is associated with severe neurologic complications, including the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. In this issue of Neurology ®, Webster et al.1 describe 2 pediatric cases of neurologic illness associated with 2009 H1N1, both with favorable outcomes. Rare cases of influenza-associated neurologic complications have been reported for decades. “Acute encephalopathy” was reported in association with the devastating 1918 “Spanish” influenza A (H1N1) pandemic.2 Recognition of the association of salicylate ingestion in children with influenza and development of Reye syndrome has led to preventive efforts and a dramatic decrease in this complication.3 More recently, a wide range of other neurologic illnesses associated with influenza have been described, including posterior reversible encephalopathy, myelitis, stroke, acute necrotizing encephalitis, and seizures.4–6 However, sorting out a causal role of influenza virus in many of these conditions through careful clinicopathologic investigations combined with epidemiologic studies has been challenging. Much attention has focused on influenza-associated …
Regional gastrointestinal delivery of remogliflozin etabonate in humans

Remogliflozin etabonate (RE) is the prodrug of remogliflozin (R), an inhibitor of renal glucose transport designed to reduce blood glucose concentrations for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This open‐label, randomized, single‐dose, four‐way crossover study, (with one add‐on arm) in eight healthy men evaluated the regional gastrointestinal absorption of RE, the systemic appearance of the active entity R, and an active metabolite, GSK279782. The InteliSite® Companion Capsule was used to administer a single dose of RE 100 mg to the mid‐small intestine or cecum/colon. Oral administration of the IR tablet of RE showed similar bioavailability of R compared with small intestine delivery with both suspension and solution. The lowest bioavailability of remogliflozin was found with large intestine delivery and therefore not a suitable region for prodrug delivery. Although both lower permeability and decreased ester hydrolysis of remogliflozin etabonate in the colon can explain reduced plasma exposures of remogliflozin, the data suggest relatively limited remogliflozin etabonate hydrolysis in the colon and provides evidence for a diminishing gradient of esterase activity from small to large intestine. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contribution of a Broad Range Polymerase Chain Reaction to the Diagnosis of Osteoarticular Infections Caused by Kingella kingae: Description of Twenty-four Recent Pediatric Diagnoses

Background: Microbiologic diagnosis of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis in children is hindered by the less than optimal yield of blood and osteoarticular fluid cultures. Patients and Methods: All patients admitted to a pediatric unit for osteoarticular infections (OAI) between January 2001 and February 2004 were enrolled in this prospective study. Osteoarticular fluid and biopsy samples that were negative by conventional culture were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with universal 16S ribosomal DNA primers. Results: We enrolled 171 children. Culture was positive in 64 cases (37.4%), yielding Kingella kingae in 9 cases. The 107 culture-negative specimens were tested by 16S ribosomal DNA PCR. Fifteen samples (14%) were positive, all for Kingella DNA sequences. K. kingae was the second cause of OAI in this population (30.4%), after Staphylococcus aureus (38%). Patients with Kingella infection diagnosed by culture (9 cases) did not differ from those diagnosed by PCR (15 cases) in terms of their clinical characteristics (including prior antibiotic therapy). The characteristics of the 24 children with arthritis (n = 17) or osteomyelitis (n = 7) were similar to those reported elsewhere. Fever (>38°C) and symptom onset shortly before hospitalization (median, 4.5 days) were significantly associated with arthritis. Conclusion: Use of molecular diagnostic methods increases the identification of K. kingae in osteoarticular infections.
Identification of root filling interfaces by microscopy and tomography methods.

AIM To assess differences in observed cross-sectional areas of root canals and filling materials, as imaged by three microscopy and two tomography methods. METHODOLOGY Six roots filled with laterally compacted Gutta-percha and AH26 were scanned with phase-contrast enhanced microtomography in a synchrotron facility. Reconstructed virtual slices were compared with sections of both wet and acrylic-embedded roots, evaluated also by light and electron microscopy (EM) and laboratory-based microtomography (μCT). The different contrasts of Gutta-percha, voids, sealer and root dentine were identified and correlated. Inner canal border, outer Gutta-percha rim and the external margin of a void were manually delineated, and the enclosed areas were repeatedly measured by three observers. Interobserver and interimaging method differences were tested by 2-way anova with Bonferroni adjustments (P < 0.05). Percentages of Gutta-percha-filled canal areas (PGP) were determined. RESULTS Phase-contrast enhanced microtomography revealed internal interfaces and detailed 3D volumes of accentuated voids as well as micrometre-sized particles and gaps within the treated roots. Overestimates in the cross-sectional areas were obtained by light microscopy, whereas underestimates were obtained by μCT and EM. Differences exceeded 40%; however, PGP values by all methods were within 5% for the same slice. Differences between observers were sometimes significant, but they were not method related (<3%). CONCLUSIONS Phase-contrast enhanced microtomography is a powerful non-destructive ex vivo investigation method for studying the interfaces within root canals and filling materials at a micrometre resolution. The method does not require damage-prone sectioning/polishing during sample preparation procedures. Caution should be used when quantifying the extent of Gutta-percha in root fillings by measurements using μCT, light and EM.
Inhibitory effect of ghrelin on insulin and pancreatic somatostatin secretion.

OBJECTIVE Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid residue peptide identified in both human and rat stomach and which acts as an endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) and stimulates GH release. GHS-Rs are expressed in a number of tissues, including the pancreas, and ghrelin-like immunoreactivity is present in peripheral plasma, where its levels increase during fasting and decrease after food intake. The relationship between nutritional status and circulating ghrelin concentrations prompted us to investigate the effect of this peptide on pancreatic hormone secretion. METHODS The study was performed in the isolated rat pancreas perfused in situ. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Addition of 10 nM ghrelin to the perfusate significantly reduced the insulin response to the secretagogues glucose, arginine and carbachol, which act on the B-cell via different mechanisms, as well as the somatostatin response to arginine. Ghrelin was without effect on the glucagon output induced by this amino acid. At a lower concentration (2 nM) ghrelin was also found to inhibit glucose-induced insulin release. CONCLUSION These findings support the proposal that the inhibitory effect of ghrelin on insulin release constitutes a tonic regulation of the B-cell, contributing to restrain its secretory activity in the state of food deprivation. On the other hand, the inhibition of pancreatic somatostatin release by ghrelin suggests a blocking effect of this hormone on the widely distributed D-cell population.
Effects of inclusion level and source of dietary sodium on performance and meat characteristics of broiler chickens

The effect of different concentrations of dietary Na from three Na salts (NaCl, NaHCO3 and Na2SO4) was assessed in two experiments carried out on broiler chickens aged from 1 to 35 days. In Exp. 1, diets were supplemented with 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25% Na, which increased the average Na content of the diets to 0.19, 0.24 and 0.30% respectively. In Exp. 2, the amounts of selected Na salts (NaCl and Na2SO4) were reduced and the estimated Na contents of experimental diets amounted to 0.10, 0.13, 0.15 and 0.19%. In view of the risk factors for the development of foot pad dermatitis, our aim was to find an optimum source of Na and to keep dietary Na intake at the minimum level sufficient to support normal growth and acceptable slaughter quality. The present results suggest that the amount of Na required for the undisturbed growth of broilers and adequate feed conversion is not less than 0.15% of additional Na in the starter period (1–14 d), and not less than 0.11% in the grower period (until day 35). Higher dietary Na levels did not lead to further production advantages, and were found to increase the moisture content of droppings. Dry matter concentration of excreta was also affected by Na source. In comparison with NaHCO3, Na2SO4 seemed to be a better alternative for NaCl. Na2SO4 also tended to surpass NaHCO3 as a dietary alternative for NaCl in terms of feed utilisation during the starter period. The applied additional Na levels (0.25 and 0.15%) and Na sources had no effect on the sensory profile and composition of breast meat.
Evolutionary personality psychology.

PERSONALITY COMPRISES PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES . 461 The Fundamental Situational Error . 461 Problem-Specificity of Psychological Mechanisms 461 The Sociobiological Fallacy . 463 Behavioral Strategies, Tactics, and Acts . 463 EVOLUTIONARY FOUNDATIONS OF PERSONALITy . 464 Adaptive Problems and Their Solutions . 464 Human Nature . 466 Goal-Directed Tactics and Strategies as Units of Analysis. 468 Personality as the Adaptive Landscape: The Five-Factor Model 471 Explaining the Origins of Individual Diff erences . 473 Interim Summary. 476 CLARIFYING CORE CONTROVERSIES IN PERSONALITY PSy CHOLOGy . 477 An Evolutionary Resolution of the Personality Consistency Debate . 477 An Evolutionary Perspective on Interactionism . 479 Context, Situation, and Environment 481 Emotions, Desires, Preferences . 482 Culture and Personality . 483 CONCLUSION. 484
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography documents bile leak site after cholecystectomy in patients with aberrant right hepatic duct where ERCP fails.

Bile leak is a known complication after cholecystectomy. Multiple diagnostic tests (US, CT, nuclear scintigraphy) are available to localize and quantitate the leak. ERCP can be used to identify the leak and treat this complication in the majority of patients. When the cholangiogram via ERCP is “normal” in the setting of a biloma or bile draining from a transcutaneous right upper quadrant drain, confusion arises as to the site of the leak. We describe two patients with a bile leak after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in whom ERCP failed to make the diagnosis. In each case, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) demonstrated the site of the bile leak from an aberrant right hepatic ductal branch arising near the cystic duct/common duct junction which had been severed during cholecystectomy.
1995-2015 YILLARI ARASINDA TÜRKİYE’DE FİZİK EĞİTİMİNE YÖNELİK YAYINLANAN MAKALELERİN İÇERİK ANALİZİ

Bu calisma; fizik egitimindeki arastirma egilimlerini belirlemek icin, 1995-2015 yillari arasinda Turkiye’de fizik egitimi alaninda yapilan calismalarin icerik analizi yontemi ile incelenmesini amaclamaktadir. Bu amacla, Turkiye'de yayimlanan 28 farkli egitim dergisinde internet uzerinden tam metinlerine ulasilabilen 372 fizik egitimi makalesi incelenmistir. Tam metinlerine ulasilan makaleler, fizik egitimi arastirmalari icin revize edilen yayin siniflama formu kullanilarak degerlendirilmistir. Her bir yayin bu form yardimiyla icerik analizine tabi tutulmus ve yayinlara ait veriler bir veri tabanina kaydedilmistir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 23.0 programi kullanilmistir. Elde edilen veriler yuzde ve frekans analizleri neticesinde uygun tablo ve grafiklerle gosterilmistir. Elde edilen veriler incelendiginde fizik egitiminde; 1995-2015 yillari arasinda yayinlanan makalelerin en fazla ‘genel fizik’ makale alaninda ele alindigini, makale konusu olarak ‘ogretime’ oncelik verildigi belirlenmistir. ‘Basari testi’ ve ‘anket’ kullaniminin fazlaligi veri toplama yonteminin analiz sonuclarinda goze carpmaktadir. Tercih edilen orneklem grubu en fazla ‘lisans ogrencileri’ olmus ve veri analizinde ‘t-testi’, ‘frekans-yuzde tablolari’ ve ‘nitel betimsel analiz’ yontemlerine arastirmacilar oncelik vermislerdir.