Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for borderline pathology in children.

OBJECTIVE To examine risk factors associated with borderline pathology in latency-age children. METHOD The subjects were 98 children assessed for day treatment. Borderline subjects were identified in a chart review using the Child Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines, which divided the sample into borderline (n = 41) and nonborderline (n = 57) groups. Functional levels were assessed by Children's Global Assessment Scale scores. The risk factors were also rated by chart review; all subjects were given a cumulative abuse score and a cumulative parental dysfunction score. RESULTS Both groups demonstrated severe functional impairment. The risk factors that differentiated the borderline group were sexual abuse, physical abuse, severe neglect, and parental substance abuse or criminality. Sexual abuse and severe neglect were significant in multivariate analysis. Cumulative abuse and cumulative parental dysfunction scores were both higher in the borderline group. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that the risk factors in borderline children are similar to those found in adults.
Hospital admission interviews are time-consuming with several interruptions.

INTRODUCTION The admission interview is an important procedure to reduce medication errors. Studies indicate that physicians do not spend much time on the interview and that the major obstacles are lack of time and heavy workload. The aim of this study was to measure the time physicians spend on admission interviews and to describe factors that affect time consumption. MATERIAL AND METHODS This time study was conducted at an acute medicine department. Physicians conducting admission interviews were observed, and time consumption was recorded. RESULTS Fifty admission interviews were observed; they lasted an average of 45 (range 8-84) minutes. The effective time consumption was 32 (range 7-59) minutes. Fifteen (range 3-41) minutes were spent on actually interviewing and examining the patient and compiling the medication history. It took zero to five (mean 2.2) minutes to collect the medication history. The number of interruptions per interview was zero to nine (mean two); they were mostly caused by phone calls from physicians or nurses or by nurses asking for advice on problems with other patients. The mean duration of an interruption was 7.1 minutes. CONCLUSION Physicians spend an average of 45 minutes on admission interviews and are interrupted up to nine times. Only a few minutes are spent on collecting the medication history. Though the quality of the interviews and the actual error rate were not assessed, the observed working conditions may imply a high potential for medication errors.
By how much does dietary salt reduction lower blood pressure? I--Analysis of observational data among populations.

OBJECTIVE--To estimate the quantitative relation between blood pressure and sodium intake. DESIGN--Data were analysed from published reports of blood pressure and sodium intake for 24 different communities (47 000 people) throughout the world. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Difference in blood pressure for a 100 mmol/24 h difference in sodium intake. Allowance was made for differences in blood pressure between economically developed and undeveloped communities to minimise overestimation of the association through confounding with other determinants of blood pressure. RESULTS--Blood pressure was higher on average in the developed communities, but the association with sodium intake was similar in both types of community. A difference in sodium intake of 100 mmol/24 h was associated with an average difference in systolic blood pressure that ranged from 5 mm Hg at age 15-19 years to 10 mm Hg at age 60-69. The differences in diastolic blood pressure were about half as great. The standard deviation of blood pressure increased with sodium intake implying that the association of blood pressure with sodium intake in individuals was related to the initial blood pressure--the higher the blood pressure the greater the expected reduction in blood pressure for the same reduction in sodium intake. For example, at age 60-69 the estimated systolic blood pressure reduction in response to a 100 mmol/24 h reduction in sodium intake was on average 10 mm Hg but varied from 6 mm Hg for those on the fifth blood pressure centile to 15 mm Hg for those on the 95th centile. CONCLUSIONS--The association of blood pressure with sodium intake is substantially larger than is generally appreciated and increases with age and initial blood pressure.
Effect of maternal obesity on lactation: systematic review.

OBJECTIVE The short duration or lack of breastfeeding has been associated with maternal obesity. The purpose of this study was to systematically review prospective studies that assessed the effect of maternal obesity on lactation. METHODS A search of studies was conducted in Pubmed, these included prospective studies on maternal obesity and initiation, intention and duration of breastfeeding: 653 articles were found, only seven were prospective studies. After adding other studies found by hand, a total of nine studies were analyzed. RESULTS Three out of four papers observed a higher risk for delay lactogenesis among obese mothers, odds ratio ranging from 1.02 to 1.10. The study assessing the initiation of lactation showed that non-obese mothers initiated lactation sooner, OR: 0.39 (95% CI: 0.25-0.62). The overall risk for cessation of breastfeeding showed that obese mothers had higher risks of early cessation, HR: 1.50 (CI 95% 1.11-2.04). In one study it was observed that obese mothers were not more likely to never breastfeed, OR = 1.56 (95% CI: 0.97-1.50). CONCLUSIONS This review shows that in prospective studies, obese mothers are more likely to have delayed lactogenesis and reduced lactation. Therefore, weight control and breastfeeding promotion should be reinforced before and during pregnancy. In overweight and obese mothers, breastfeeding should be closely monitored after birth.
TÜRKİYE BAĞLAMINDA ÖĞRETMENLERİN MESLEKİ GELİŞİMİ: SORUNLAR VE ÖNERİLER

Son 10 yila bakildiginda, 17. ve 18. Milli Egitim Şurasi’nda, Dokuzuncu Kalkinma Plani’nda ve 60. Hukumet Eylem Plani’nda ayri maddelerle yer almasina ragmen, Turkiye’de ogretmenlerin mesleki gelisimi konusunda dusundurucu sonuclarla karsilasildigi soylenebilir. Bazi arastirmalara gore, Turkiye genc bir ogretmen kadrosuna sahiptir ancak mesleki gelisim ihtiyaclari tam olarak tespit edilememekte ve ogretmenlerin cogu katildiklari mesleki gelisim faaliyetlerini etkili bulmamaktadir. Geleneksel kurs ve seminerler kuramsal agirlikli, baglamdan koparilmis, izleme ve geribildirim sunmayan, didaktik bir tarzda yurutuldugunden etkisizdir. Dolayisiyla ogretmenlerin mesleki gelisimi konusunda ciddi ve koklu bir donusume gereksinim vardir. Son yillarda bu gereksinimin Milli Egitim Bakanligi tarafindan da hissedildigi, konuyla ilgili calismalarin arttigi, bir uyanisin basladigi soylenebilir. Bu calismada son 10 yilda konuyla ilgili yayinlanan makaleler, doktora tezleri ve genis capli raporlar irdelenerek ogretmenlerin etkili mesleki gelisimi ele alinmis, ulkemizdeki sorunlar degerlendirilerek cesitli oneriler sunulmustur
What the analysis of style in translation can say. Disentangling styles in Giovanni Giudici’s translations of poetry

Abstract – The Italian poet Giovanni Giudici (1924-2011) translated and published an anthology of Robert Frost’s poems titled Conoscenza della notte in 1965 and re-edited it in 1988. The contrasting critical opinions on the book prompt the initial research question on the main stylistic features of Giudici’s translation of Frost and lead us to further reflections on the reasons behind the adoption of certain translation solutions and strategies. By relying on the theoretical discourse developed in the field of stylistics applied to literary translations, we focus on the contrastive linguistic analysis of source text (above all on Robert Frost’s fictional orality) and target text to single out the recurrent stylistic patterns that can be attributed either to the translator or to the source text author. In order to understand better these stylistic patterns in the target text, interpreted as mainly conscious (but also partly unconscious) choices of the translator, we contextualize them by taking into account a diachronic perspective that stresses their genesis and development in Giudici’s translation work. The results shed light on the stylistic features of Giudici’s translation of Frost and on Giudici’s style as a translator and as a poet in general. They also confirm that the analysis of style in translation can be an effective tool for the interpretation and criticism of literary translations and literary texts.
Anemia in pregnancy and its associated factors among primary care clients in Sagamu, Southwest, Nigeria: A facility-based study

Introduction: In Nigeria, anemia in pregnancy is one of the leading causes of poor pregnancy outcomes. This study, therefore, determined the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors, among pregnant primary care clients in Sagamu, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 400 pregnant, primary care clients in Sagamu, selected through multi-stage sampling. Data were collected with the aid of an interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire, a stadiometer, measuring tape, and a hemoglobinometer. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.00. Relevant descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated. Participation was fully voluntary. Results: The mean age of respondents was 25.4 ± 4.2 years. Most respondents (51.8%) were traders. About a third (32.5%) of respondents were anemic; of these, 72.1% were mildly anemic, while 27.1% were moderately anemic. Anemia was associated with household food security (P = 0.044) and level of food insecurity (P = 0.001) but not with age, occupation, educational status, household size, number of previous pregnancies, body mass index, mid-upper arm circumference, snacking, vegetable intake, and food avoidance (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Anemia in pregnancy is still high among respondents and associated with household food insecurity. Interventions targeted at improving household food security, dietary intake, and socioeconomic conditions will significantly reduce the prevalence and severity of anemia in pregnancy.
The effect of parental and maternal-fetal histocompatibility at MHC on sex ratio in offspring.

The secondary sex ratio (male births of total births) variation was investigated as a function of MHC antigens. Previous studies have indicated that at conception male zygotes are more frequent than female ones and abortions of male fetuses prevail. The present investigation addresses the question whether the histocompatibility relationships either between parents or between mother and offsprings may favor or hinder the outcome of pregnancy: particular combinations may cause distortions in the sex ratio. The results of the analysis of a sample of fertile families, demonstrate that, in first parities, female births are favored when parents share antigens at both HLA-A and -B loci (S.R. = 0.389), and mothers and fetuses share antigens at the HLA-B locus (S.R. = 0.222). The lack of antigens shared by parents at the three loci HLA-A, -B and -DR increases first male births (S.R. = 0.696). In the case of fetal maternal histocompatibility at DR locus only a slight, non-significant, increase in male first births (S.R. = 0.667) was observed. The effect of histocompatibility at HLA-B locus alone requires further investigation in order to assess the possible selective effect against male histocompatible embryos.
Gunshot Wounds: A Review of Firearm Type, Range, and Location as Pertaining to Manner of Death

AbstractMany studies have examined the characteristics of gunshot wounds by manner of death; however, no published study has directly compared these characteristics for the different types of firearms. This study was designed to address that deficiency. Existing data sets of nonaccidental deaths by handguns, shotguns, and rifles were reviewed. The victim data were analyzed by age and sex of the victims, wound location, range of fire, manner of death, and type of firearm. Handguns were the most common firearm used in both suicides and homicides, followed by rifles and then shotguns. For both homicides and suicides, there were significant differences between the firearm types for age of victims, range of fire, and wound locations. Possible reasons for those differences are discussed. It is concluded that information about the type of firearm is crucial to have when examining the nature of a firearm injury and determining the manner of death.
Being in the Script of Menopause: Mapping the Complexities of Coping Strategies

In this article we explore the discourses of menopause, aging, and the complexities of coping with both menopause and aging among 30 women between the ages of 43 and 61 years living in Melbourne, Australia. Employing a qualitative design with thematic analysis, we uncover the complexity and heterogeneity of coping styles. Three major coping strategies are identified: inventive, troubled, and reactive. Recognition of the variety of coping strategies creatively negotiated within the dynamic, complex processes of aging and menopause might assist women in developing effective responses to these sometimes challenging life experiences.
Allylglucosinolate and Herbivorous Caterpillars: A Contrast in Toxicity and Tolerance

Allylglucosinolate, found in many cruciferous plants, is acutely toxic to Papilio polyxenes larvae, which do not normally attack crucifers. By contrast, larval growth of Pieris rapae, a crucifer specialist, is not affected even by artificially high concentrations of allylglucosinolate. Larval growth of Spodoptera eridania, a generalist feeder, is inhibited by high but not by low concentrations of the compound.
Bone mineral density and incidence of stroke : EPIC-Norfolk population-based study , systematic review and meta-analysis Cover title : Bone mineral density and incidence of stroke

AGEING (Aberdeen Gerontological &Epidemiological INterdisciplinary Research Group), Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK Norwich Medical School, Norwich Research Park Cardiovascular Research Group, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK Clinical Gerontology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, UK
Role of Causal and Recovery Beliefs in the Psychological Adjustment to a Chronic Disease

Abstract The main objective of this study was to establish linkages of beliefs about the factors responsible for the disease (causal beliefs) and for recovery from the disease (recovery beliefs) with perceived control and psychological adjustment to a chronic disease. Seventy hospitalized male, Hindu, chest tuberculosis patients were interviewed. The mean ratings on causal factors (God's will and Karma) and on recovery factors (doctor and God) were found to be high. In general, attribution to external causes (other's carelessness and family conditions) and beliefs in cosmic recovery factors (God and fate) had negative correlations with the psychological adjustment. Again, perceived control over the disease was linked with better adjustment. A cultural difference hypothesis was proposed to explain coping with a chronic disease.
Role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in transforming growth factor-β1-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to be a crucial event during the early metastasis of tumor cells. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is involved in the process of EMT in a variety of human malignancies. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis, and its expression is regulated by various growth factors, including TGF-β1, in different cell types. To date, the role of MMP-9 in TGF-β1-induced EMT in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying MMP-9-mediated TGF-β1 induction of EMT in ESCC. We analyzed the expression of MMP-9, E-cadherin, and vimentin, in ESCC cells (EC-1), before and after the treatment with exogenous TGF-β1 or a broad spectrum MMP inhibitor, GM6001. Additionally, we analyzed the activity of MMP-9 in these cells and performed MMP-9 knockdown experiments. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that the treatment of EC-1 cells with TGF-β1 can induce EMT, together with the upregulation of vimentin and downregulation of E-cadherin expression in a time-dependent manner. The treatment with GM6001 was shown to attenuate TGF-β1-induced EMT. Furthermore, the exposure of EC-1 cells to TGF-β1 increased the expression and activity of MMP-9, while MMP-9 knockdown blocked TGF-β1-induced EMT and inhibited cell invasiveness and migration. Additionally, treatment with the recombinant human MMP-9 was shown to induce EMT and enhance ESCC cell invasion and metastasis. The obtained data suggest that the regulation of MMP-9 by TGF-β1 may represent a novel mechanism underlying TGF-β1-induced EMT in ESCC.
Comparative study of mechanical properties of direct core build-up materials

Background and Objectives: The strength greatly influences the selection of core material because core must withstand forces due to mastication and para-function for many years. This study was conducted to evaluate certain mechanical properties of commonly used materials for direct core build-up, including visible light cured composite, polyacid modified composite, resin modified glass ionomer, high copper amalgam, and silver cermet cement. Materials and Methods: All the materials were manipulated according to the manufacturer′s recommendations and standard test specimens were prepared. A universal testing machine at different cross-head speed was used to determine all the four mechanical properties. Mean compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus with standard deviations were calculated. Multiple comparisons of the materials were also done. Results: Considerable differences in compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, and flexural strength were observed. Visible light cured composite showed relatively high compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, and flexural strength compared with the other tested materials. Amalgam showed the highest value for elastic modulus. Silver cermet showed less value for all the properties except for elastic modulus. Conclusions: Strength is one of the most important criteria for selection of a core material. Stronger materials better resist deformation and fracture provide more equitable stress distribution, greater stability, and greater probability of clinical success.
A QoS-oriented dynamic channel assignment method for wireless ATM LANs

A centralized approach for dynamic channel assignment (DCA) in wireless systems is presented. The proposed method applies to structured wireless LANs, where base stations act as hubs to offer wireless access to mobile terminals. We focus on wireless ATM LANs, although the method applies also to other packet-based systems, offering quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees. A central scheduler for DCA (CSDCA) is introduced for the dynamic assignment of resources to the requesting base stations. This scheduler takes into account mutual interference constraints of the base stations, current resource usage, and delay constraints of active connections. Simulation results have shown the improved performance attained by the proposed method.
Detection of cytomegalovirus antibody with two commercially available assays, an indirect hemagglutination test and an enzyme immunosorbent assay

By the use of two reference procedures, an indirect hemagglutination assay and a complement fixation test, the presence or absence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody was determined for 221 human sera. Ninety-nine sera (44.8%) were found to contain CMV antibody. The remaining 122 sera (55.2%) lacked detectable CMV antibody. These same sera were then analyzed by two recently introduced, commercially available CMV antibody assays, an indirect hemagglutination test (IHA-c; Cetus Corp., Emeryville, Calif.) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; M. A. Bioproducts, Walkersville, Md.). With the results of the reference procedures as true evidence of the presence or absence of CMV antibody, the sensitivity of the IHA-c was found to be 100%; the specificity was 98.4%. The sensitivity of the ELISA was also 100%; the specificity was 96.7%. The overall accuracies of these procedures were 99.1 and 98.2%, respectively. Time and motion studies revealed the IHA-c procedure to be faster and technically less demanding than the ELISA procedure.
Investigation of the drain current shift in ZnO thin film transistors

The combinational properties of ZnO of hardness to visible light, transparency, low temperature deposition, high mobility, and the ability to crystallize on almost any substrate enables ZnO Thin Film Transistors (TFTs) to be promising low-cost optoelectronic devices for the next generation of invisible and flexible electronics, such as switches for addressing active matrices based on organic light-emitting diodes. Using high-K dielectrics in ZnO TFTs substantially increases its transconductance, gm [1]. Using Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) may result in the increase of gm by more than 200 times it value if SiO2 is used.
Industrial Management & Data Systems Knowledge combination , innovation , organizational performance in technology firms

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of product and process innovation on the relationships between knowledge combination capability and organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) belonging to the sector of Spanish technology-based firms (TBFs). This study employs the structural equation model (SEM) to examine the relationships between product and process innovation, knowledge combination capability, and organizational performance. Findings – The findings of this study suggest, first, that knowledge combination capability has a significant impact on product and process innovation. Second, product and process innovation mediate the relations between knowledge combination capability and organizational performance. Research limitations/implications – The sample includes only firms in the technology sector; future studies could analyze another kind of organization. Further studies might also use a wider sample that encompasses several countries. Practical implications – This paper implies that, to achieve better performance in technology SMEs, the managers should focus more on knowledge combination capability to improve innovation, as this is the key to excellent business performance. Originality/value – This study contributes to the literature on innovation and knowledge. It examines the mediating effects of product and process innovation, knowledge combination capability, and organizational performance in technology SMEs. The research demonstrates empirically that innovation strengthens the effect of knowledge on firm performance in the sector studied.