Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Board Diversity and Firm ’ s Financial Performance : Evidence from South-East Asia

This study examines the relationship between demographic and cognitive diversity factors within the board of directors and firm financial performance. The studied sample is based on the Top 100 companies within the South-East Asian region published by the Nikkei Asian Review magazine. The relationship is examined using financial performance data (return on assets and equity) for the five-year interval from 2009 to 2013 and board diversity for the one-year interval between 2012 and 2013, which is defined in respect to gender, the educational background of the director and the ethnic group of the director. In addition, the generated relationship is controlled by several industry and organizational variables and an additional diversity dimension, namely the age of the board representatives. The correlation and regression analyses fail to indicate a significant relationship between board diversity and firm financial performance. Finally, the paper discusses both implications for future research and practical contribution. Supervisors Xiaohong Huang, Peter-Jan Engelen, Rezaul Kabir, Henry van Beusichem, Samy A.G. Essa, George Iatridis, Siraj Zubair
PROMISES KEPT: ENFORCEMENT AND THE ROLE OF ROTATING SAVINGS AND CREDIT ASSOCIATIONS IN AN ECONOMY

Rotating savings and credit associations (roscas) are a popular form of informal finance in developing countries. This paper examines the rosca's ability to enforce its terms of membership and the implications that this has for their existence in an economy. A connection between enforcement costs and the desirability of rosca formation is illustrated using a framework that focuses on the nature of the financial contract that the rosca offers, allowing inferences to be drawn about the likely viability of roscas throughout the development process and the implications this has for debates about financial dualism. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The radiative impact of out-of-cloud aerosol hygroscopic growth during the summer monsoon in southern West Africa

Abstract. Water in the atmosphere can exist in the solid, liquid or gas phase. At high humidities, if the aerosol population remains constant, more water vapour will condense onto the particles and cause them to swell, sometimes up to several times their original size. This significant change in size and chemical composition is termed hygroscopic growth and alters a particle's optical properties. Even in unsaturated conditions, this can change the aerosol direct effect, for example by increasing the extinction of incoming sunlight. This can have an impact on a region's energy balance and affect visibility. Here, aerosol and relative humidity measurements collected from aircraft and radiosondes during the Dynamics–Aerosol–Chemistry–Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) campaign were used to estimate the effect of highly humid layers of air on aerosol optical properties during the monsoon season in southern West Africa. The effects of hygroscopic growth in this region are of particular interest due to the regular occurrence of high humidity and the high levels of pollution in the region. The Zdanovskii, Stokes and Robinson (ZSR) mixing rule is used to estimate the hygroscopic growth of particles under different conditions based on chemical composition. These results are used to estimate the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at λ=525 nm for 63 relative humidity profiles. The median AOD in the region from these calculations was 0.36, the same as that measured by sun photometers at the ground site. The spread in the calculated AODs was less than the spread from the sun photometer measurements. In both cases, values above 0.5 were seen predominantly in the mornings and corresponded with high humidities. Observations of modest variations in aerosol load and composition are unable to explain the high and variable AODs observed using sun photometers, which can only be recreated by accounting for the very elevated and variable relative humidities (RHs) in the boundary layer. Most importantly, the highest AODs present in the mornings are not possible without the presence of high RH in excess of 95 %. Humid layers are found to have the most significant impact on AOD when they reach RH greater than 98 %, which can result in a wet AOD more than 1.8 times the dry AOD. Unsaturated humid layers were found to reach these high levels of RH in 37 % of observed cases. It can therefore be concluded that the high AODs present across the region are driven by the high humidities and are then moderated by changes in aerosol abundance. Aerosol concentrations in southern West Africa are projected to increase substantially in the coming years; results presented here show that the presence of highly humid layers in the region is likely to enhance the consequent effect on AOD significantly.
Disclosure interactions: accounting policy choice and voluntary disclosure effects on the cost of raising outside capital

Abstract In this research we consider how disclosure of accounting policy interacts with subsequent choice over voluntary disclosure of a non-financial performance metric. We compare and contrast regimes. In the first, firms are free to choose between a conservative or an aggressive accounting policy before they decide whether to make additional voluntary disclosures. In the other regime, all firms either voluntarily or via mandation use the same accounting policy. We then investigate the cost of raising capital for firms under the two regimes. We show that communication via voluntary disclosure need not be a simple substitute for communication via accounting policy choice.
Compared boron uptake and translocation in cotton cultivars

The mobility of boron (B), a commonly deficient micronutrient in cotton, has been shown to be low in the plant phloem. Nevertheless, studies have indicated that cotton cultivars can respond differently to B application. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to compare B absorption and mobility in cotton cultivars grown in nutrient solution. Treatments consisted of three cotton cultivars (FMT 701, DP 604BG and FMX 993), and five B rates (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 µmol L-1). Plant growth and development were monitored for four weeks from the appearance of the first square. The time of onset and severity of B deficiency symptoms varied among cotton cultivars. Initial B uptake of cv. DP 604BG was lower than of the other cultivars, but a greater amount of available B in the nutrient solution was required to prevent deficiency symptoms in this cultivar. Boron deficiency impairs cotton growth, with no differences among cultivars, regardless of the time of appearance and intensity of B deficiency symptoms.
Conscious Thought and the Limits of Restrictivism

espanol? Como debemos caracterizar la naturaleza del pensamiento consciente ocurrente? Recientemente en filosofia de la mente ha surgido un tema muy poco explorado: la fenomenologia cognitiva o el caracter fenomenico de los episodios mentales cognitivos. En este articulo presento en primer lugar la motivacion de los defensores de la fenomenologia cognitiva a traves de casos de contraste fenomenico que se pueden considerar un reto para sus oponentes. En segundo lugar exploro la posicion en contra de la fenomenologia cognitiva que el restrictivismo defiende clasificandolo en dos estrategias: restrictivismo sensorial y estados acompanantes. Por un lado problematizo el papel de la atencion que adopta el restrictivismo sensorial y presento y discuto en detalle un argumento que defiende los limites de la fenomenologia sensorial para explicar la distincion entre los episodios visuales y cognitivos sobre la base de la experiencia inmediata. Por otro, discuto la estrategia de estados acompanantes a traves de los estudios empiricos de Hurlburt et al. (2006, 2008) que defienden la existencia del “pensamiento no simbolico”. Muestro como estos estudios pueden ser evidencia para la fenomenologia cognitiva y disipo algunos problemas que se han planteado contra su aceptacion. Concluyo finalmente que los defensores de la fenomenologia cognitiva se encuentran en una buena posicion frente a las visiones restrictivistas consideradas. EnglishHow should we characterize the nature of conscious occurrent thought? In the last few years, a rather unexplored topic has appeared in philosophy of mind: cognitive phenomenology or the phenomenal character of cognitive mental episodes. In this paper I firstly present the motivation for cognitive phenomenology views through phenomenal contrast cases, taken as a challenge for their opponents. Secondly, I explore the stance against cognitive phenomenology views proposed by Restrictivism, classifying it in two strategies, sensory restrictivism and accompanying states. On the one hand, I problematize the role of attention adopted by sensory restrictivism and I present and discuss in detail an argument that defends the limitation of sensory phenomenology so as to explain the distinction between visual and cognitive mental episodes on the basis of immediate experience. On the other hand, I address accompanying states views by discussing the empirical studies of Hurlburt et al. (2006, 2008) that defend the existence of “unsymbolized thinking”. I present how they can be construed as evidence for cognitive phenomenology views and I dispel some problems that have been raised against its acceptance. I thus conclude that cognitive phenomenology views hold up well against the restrictivist positions considered.
Spatiotemporal patterns of terrestrial gross primary production: A review

Great advances have been made in the last decade in quantifying and understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) with ground, atmospheric, and space observations. However, although global GPP estimates exist, each data set relies upon assumptions and none of the available data are based only on measurements. Consequently, there is no consensus on the global total GPP and large uncertainties exist in its benchmarking. The objective of this review is to assess how the different available data sets predict the spatiotemporal patterns of GPP, identify the differences among data sets, and highlight the main advantages/disadvantages of each data set. We compare GPP estimates for the historical period (1990–2009) from two observation‐based data sets (Model Tree Ensemble and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) to coupled carbon‐climate models and terrestrial carbon cycle models from the Fifth Climate Model Intercomparison Project and TRENDY projects and to a new hybrid data set (CARBONES). Results show a large range in the mean global GPP estimates. The different data sets broadly agree on GPP seasonal cycle in terms of phasing, while there is still discrepancy on the amplitude. For interannual variability (IAV) and trends, there is a clear separation between the observation‐based data that show little IAV and trend, while the process‐based models have large GPP variability and significant trends. These results suggest that there is an urgent need to improve observation‐based data sets and develop carbon cycle modeling with processes that are currently treated either very simplistically to correctly estimate present GPP and better quantify the future uptake of carbon dioxide by the world's vegetation.
Design from recycling

The amount of materials that industrial design engineers can choose from to materialise their designs keeps increasing. However, emerging new materials such as recycled plastics often struggle to get adopted after their introduction to the competitive market. This paper elaborates on the first steps within an interdisciplinary research project between materials science and industrial design engineering regarding ‘Design from Recycling’ (DfromR) that aims to design specifically with both post-consumer and post-industrial mixed recycled plastics that are industrially processed through extrusion or injection moulding. The goal of this research paper is to search for a practical and methodological support for designing with the recycled plastic waste streams, which can be applied to the upcoming cases in the Design from Recycling project. Due to similarities with this ongoing research, the existing Material Driven Design (MDD) method is chosen as a reference method. However, to address the expected challenges regarding the specific context of industrial processing techniques, we propose and present two additional steps: (i) an elaborated technical characterisation in the engineering lab, leading to a virgin-recycled comparison table concerning the main technical material properties that need to be translated to designerly descriptions, and (ii) an user-centred consumer evaluation of the experiential material characteristics of the provided shapeindependent samples, leading to experiential moodboards. To conclude, the paper presents the interpretation of the four steps in the MDD process in the context of the material cases of the ongoing Design from Recycling project.
Changes in the characteristics of indica rice on the process of flaking

Flaked rice is flattened precooked whole rice ready to use edible food product. The present study aimed to investigate the changes in the characteristics of rice kernel undergoing the process of soaking and roasting of paddy followed by flaking process. The results obtained showed the significant differences in the physical, textural, chemical, optical and functional characteristics of representative samples drawn at every processing stages as brown, roasted and flaked rice. Color characteristics improved subsequently on roasting and flaking as the L-value significantly increased. A non-significant trend was observed in avalue from either brown rice to roasted rice or roasted rice to flaked rice. The pasting characteristics supported the fact of provided hydro-thermal treatment as final viscosity decreased for the flaked rice (2685 cP) in comparison to brown rice (7139 cP). Water absorption index was found to be increased significantly (p≤0.05) in flaked rice (7.44±0.06) and found approximately three times higher than brown rice (2.29±0.13). Scanning Electron Micro graphs depicted and supported the visible differences in starch granules at different stages of applied processing in the development of flaked rice.
Observations and analysis of a curved jet in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

We analyze the physical properties and dynamical origin of a curved jet of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko that was observed repeatedly in several nucleus rotations starting on May 30 and persisting until early August, 2015. Methods. We simulated the motion of dust grains ejected from the nucleus surface under the influence of the gravity and viscous drag effect of the expanding gas flow from the rotating nucleus. Results. The formation of the curved jet is a combination of the size of the dust particles (~0.1−1 mm) and the location of the source region near the nucleus equator. This enhances the spiral feature of the collimated dust stream after the dust is accelerated to a terminal speed on the order of m s-1.
The Irony of Resource Wealth: an Empirical Investigation of the Short-Run Eects of Natural Resource Abundance

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the eects of natural resource wealth on short-run economic growth. In addition, the market mechanisms resulting from natural resources abundance are investigated. The analysis is conducted rst on a global scale for the period 1980-2011, and second on the regional scale of the United States for the period 1987-2012. This allows me to exploit the dierent advantages that come with the two distinct methods. As most of the early work is based on single cross-sectional growth regressions which do not take into account individual country eects, two new panel-datasets are constructed. These are tested using a system GMM approach to counter the potential bias resulting from the dynamic panel-data framework used in this analysis. Strikingly, the results show that the original ndings of the resource curse thesis are not robust to changing
First endocranial description of a South Americanhadrosaurid: The neuroanatomy of Secernosaurus koernerifrom the Late Cretaceous of Argentina

The endocranial morphology of Secernosaurus koerneri (= Kritosaurus australis junior synonym), a hadrosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina, was studied using latex and digital endocasts based on three fragmentary braincases. This new information allowed describing and comparing the neuroanatomy of this South American representative of the clade for the first time. The endocast morphology is mostly complete (except for the pituitary and the inner ear regions), and most cranial nerves and some blood vessels were reconstructed. Also, some features of the inner ear were observed in the CT scans, nonetheless its incompleteness restricts further comparisons. Secernosaurus koerneri shares its overall endocranial morphology with saurolophinid hadrosaurids, indicating a conservative brain morphology for Cretaceous hadrosaurids worldwide. The novel cranial information increases the knowledge of the neuroanatomy in hadrosaurids by adding a southern perspective, since knowledge on the endocranial anatomy of the lineage is biased by species from North America.
THE EFFECT OF VISUALIZATION TYPE AND STUDENT SPATIAL ABILITIES ON LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT

Students’ spatial ability plays an important role in instruction with dynamic and static visualizations. This research was aimed at describing 1) the difference in learning achievement between the students who learned from dynamic visualization and static visualization, 2) the difference in learning achievement among students who have high spatial ability and those who have low spatial ability, and 3) the interaction between type of visualization and spatial ability on learning achievement. This research used the non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 115 eighth grade students in Singaraja, Indonesia. The data were collected by learning achievement test and Paper Folding Test. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA. The results showed that:1) there was a significant difference in learning achievement between the students who learned from dynamic visualization and static visualization; 2) there was a significant difference in learning achievement between the students who have high spatial ability and those who have low spatial ability, and 3) there was no interaction between visualization type and spatial ability on learning achievement. Therefore, the different combination of the types of visualization and sequence of presentation and relation with individual characteristic can be elaborated more in the further research. Keywords: dynamic visualization, learning achievement, science instruction, spatial ability, static visualization.
An electrodynamic trap with an advanced geometry used for evaporation rate measurements of single water droplets

We present an electrodynamic trap with an advanced geometry providing 360° optical access in the horizontal plane and a channel for a gas stream. Calculations of the electric field show points of stable trapping and how the stability of the trapping can be redistributed between the axial and radial direction. Using this trap the evaporation rate of single water droplets in stagnant and flowing nitrogen with a temperature of 20°C was measured successfully. The evaporation rate in stagnant nitrogen is compared with theory.
THE COSMIC HISTORY OF THE SPIN OF DARK MATTER HALOS WITHIN THE LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE

We use N-body simulations to investigate the evolution of the orientation and magnitude of dark matter halo angular momentum within the large-scale structure since z = 3. We look at the evolution of the alignment of halo spins with filaments and with each other, as well as the spin parameter, which is a measure of the magnitude of angular momentum. It was found that the angular momentum vectors of dark matter halos at high redshift have a weak tendency to be orthogonal to filaments and high-mass halos have a stronger orthogonal alignment than low-mass halos. Since z = 1, the spins of low-mass halos have become weakly aligned parallel to filaments, whereas high-mass halos kept their orthogonal alignment. This recent parallel alignment of low-mass halos casts doubt on tidal torque theory as the sole mechanism for the buildup of angular momentum. We see evidence for bulk flows and the broadening of filaments over time in the alignments of halo spin and velocities. We find a significant alignment of the spin of neighboring dark matter halos only at very small separations, r < 0.3 Mpc h−1, which is driven by substructure. A correlation of the spin parameter with halo mass is confirmed at high redshift.
Wonderful Life: Exploring Wonder in Meaningful Moments

In this article, we bring the study of meaning together with the emerging field of study focusing on the emotions of wonder: wonder, enchantment, awe, and being moved. It is in meaningful moments that these two meet, and in our empirical study, we used the emotions of wonder as a lens to investigate meaningful moments. We applied a novel intervention, the Wonderful Life question, to elicit narratives of meaningful moments from 100 participants varying in age, profession, and social status. Using characteristics of wonder retrieved from the wonder literature to qualitatively analyze these narratives, we identified five types of meaningful moments: opening up to life, facing the precarity of life, celebrations, countering the negative, and familiar routines. The study deepens insight in the way meaning is discovered in different types of meaningful moments. It supports the premise that there is potential meaning in any moment in life, and the mind-set of wonder enabling the discovery of meaning. Finally, it pleads for the use of the Wonderful Life question as a means to elicit a wide spectrum of meaningful moments.
HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES IN RABI SORGHUM [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.]

An investigation was carried out in rabi sorghum at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bijapur, during rabi 2011-13 to evaluate 28 new hybrids (without reciprocals) developed through diallel mating design along with their 8 parents and one check (DSH-4) for generating information on combining ability of parents and hybrids and heterosis in respect of grain yield and its components. Apart from this investigation was also aimed to know the variability and inheritance pattern of charcoal rot resistance in F2 of two crosses. Hybrids showed highly significant differences for all the characters studied except 1000-grain weight. The estimates of SCA variance was higher in magnitude compared to GCA variance for all the characters indicating the predominance of non-additive gene action and good scope for heterosis breeding. Among parental lines, Phule Vasudha and PKV Kranti manifested highest gca effects for yield components and were good general combiners. Majority of the hybrids exhibited significance of better parent heterosis in all the 15 characters studied confirming predominance of non-additive gene action. The crosses DSV-4 × PKV Kranti and DSV-4 × PKV Kranti exhibited higher significant positive sca effect in desirable direction for grain yield. On the basis of per se performance, exploitable heterosis, GCA effects and gene action involved in the expression of grain yield, its component characters, the hybrids DSV-4 × PKV Kranti, DSV-5 × PKV Kranti, DSV-5 × PKV Kranti and DSV-4 × Phule Vasudha were considered to be the best for exploitation in sorghum breeding programme. Both the crosses DSV-4 × CSV-216R and DSV-5 × CSV-216R exhibited large amount of variability for charcoal rot resistance characters. The high heritability was recorded for number of nodes crossed and length of infection which indicated that less influence environment. The inheritance forrr number of nodes crossed indicated complementary gene action (9:7) for the cross DSV-4 × CSV-216R, while single dominant gene (3:1) for the cross DSV-5 × CSV-216R.