Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High resolution stratigraphy of initial stages of rifting , Sergipe-Alagoas Basin , Brazil

Manuscript ID: 20170003. Received on: 01/10/2017. Approved on: 08/21/2017. ABSTRACT: The present work aims to characterize the NeoJurassic to Neocomian succession of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, located in northeast region of Brazil, in order to discover the influence of tectonics on sedimentation in detailed scale and thus separating this sedimentary succession in tectono-stratigraphic units. Fieldwork observations and stratigraphic sections analysis allowed subdividing this rift succession into three depositional units that indicate different paleogeographic contexts. Unit I, equivalent to the top of Serraria Formation, is characterized by braided fluvial channel deposits, with paleocurrent direction to SE; unit II, corresponding to the base of Feliz Deserto Formation, is composed of anastomosed fluvial channel and floodplain facies associations; and unit III, equivalent to the major part of Feliz Deserto Formation, is characterized by delta deposits with polymodal paleocurrent pattern. The changes of depositional system, as well as paleocurrent direction, suggest that the previously described units were deposited in different evolutionary stages of rifting. Units I and II represent the record of a wide and shallow basin associated with the first stage of rifting. Unit I is characterized by incipient extensional stress generating a wide synclinal depression, associated to the low rate of accommodation and low tectonic activity. These two parameters progressively increase in unit II. The paleocurrent direction of unit I indicates that the depocenter of this wide basin was located at SE of the studied area. No conclusion could be done on paleocurrent from unit II because of the low amount of measurements. Unit III suggests a second stage marked by a deeper basin context, with a high rate of accommodation space associated with the lateral connection of faults and individualization of the half-graben. The scattering in the paleocurrent direction in this unit indicates sedimentary influx coming from several sectors of the half-graben. The boundary between these two stages is marked by a flooding surface that indicates an extremely fast transition and suggests a radical change in geometric characteristics of the basin due to the increase of tectonic activity.
Observational evidence against strongly stabilizing tropical cloud feedbacks

We present a method to attribute cloud radiative feedbacks to convective processes, using subcloud layer buoyancy as a diagnostic of stable and deep convective regimes. Applying this approach to tropical remote sensing measurements over years 2000–2016 shows that an inferred negative short‐term cloud feedback from deep convection was nearly offset by a positive cloud feedback from stable regimes. The net cloud feedback was within statistical uncertainty of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5) with historical forcings, with discrepancies in the partitioning of the cloud feedback into convective regimes. Compensation between high‐cloud responses to tropics‐wide warming in stable and unstable regimes resulted in smaller net changes in high‐cloud fraction with warming. In addition, deep convection and associated high clouds set in at warmer temperatures in response to warming, as a consequence of nearly invariant subcloud buoyancy. This invariance further constrained the magnitude of cloud radiative feedbacks and is consistent with climate model projections.
WORKING PAPER 2779 Technology and Skill Demand in Mexico

L6pez-Acevedo investigates the effects of technology on productivity and worker wages. The author finds that the employment and wages of differently skilled Mexican skilled labor increases after technology adoption. And manufacturing workers using firm panel data from wages of both skilled and semi-skilled workers exhibit 1992-99. She analyzes the relationship between markedly increased growth rates compared with the technology and skill demand. Findings support the skillgrowth rate of low-skilled workers. The results show that biased technical change hypothesis. She then examines investment in human capital improves technology-driven the temporal relationship of technology adoption to firm productivity gains. This paper-a product of the Latin America and the Caribbean Region, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit-is part of a larger effort in the region to reduce poverty and inequality through human capital investment. Copies of the paper are available free from the World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433. Please contact Michael Geller, room 14-046, telephone 202-458-5155, fax 202-522-2 I1, email address mgellerQu worldbank.org. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at http://econ.worldbank.org. The author may be contacted at gacevedo(a worldbank.org. February 2002. (22 pages) The Policy Research Working Paper Series dissemiinates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas abNoit development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less thanT ftully polished. The papers carrv the niames of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are enttirely those of the authors. They do not niecessarily represent the view of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries thew' representt. Produced by the Research Advisory Staff Mexico Technology, Wages, and Employment TECHNOLOGY AND SKILL DEMAND IN MEXICO Gladys LUpez-Acevedol JEL Codes: L60 ; L20 ; J31 ; J38. ' This research was completed as part of the "Mexico Technology Wages and Employment" study at the World Bank. We are grateful to the INEGI for providing us with the data. Joseph S. Shapiro and Erica Soler provided valuable research and editorial support.
MINIMAL MODEL PROGRAM WITH SCALING AND ADJUNCTION THEORY

Let (X, L) be a quasi-polarized pair, i.e. X is a normal complex projective variety and L is a nef and big line bundle on it. We study, up to birational equivalence, the positivity (nefness) of the adjoint bundles KX + rL for high rational numbers r. For this we run a Minimal Model Program with scaling relative to the divisor KX + rL. We give then some applications, namely the classification up to birational equivalence of quasi-polarized pairs with sectional genus 0, 1 and of embedded projective varieties X ⊂ ℙN with degree smaller than 2 codimℙN(X) + 2.
Above-ground Space Utilization and Feeding Guild of Tropical Rainforest Birds in Sarawak, Borneo

Above-ground space within tropical rainforests harbour many bird species. However, the mechanism for their coexistence remains largely unknown. Avian feeding guilds are known to be good indicator of habitat specialization, but the details of how bird use of above-ground space, especially in reference to feeding remain unclear. Double-stacked mist-nets, with a total of six shelves and extending up to 3.6 metres above ground, were deployed at 30 forest sites in the Baram, Baleh and Pelagus regions of Sarawak, Borneo (East Malaysia). A total of 2,613 birds, comprising 124 species, were captured. Eight feeding guilds were identified, with insectivores being the most abundant. Most birds were captured at shelf 3 and 4, equivalent to 1.2 to 2.4 metres above-ground. Both the number of species and individuals captured in the shelves increased from the ground upwards to reach a maximum at shelf 3, after which it decreased. Insectivores were the most common guilds at the lowest two shelves, accounting for 68 % in shelf 1 and 47 % in shelf 2. This study shows that tropical forest birds are able to coexist in the relative safety of the above-ground space by exploiting different food resources indicating the importance of feeding guild in determining vertical stratification of avifauna species.
Is the Distribution of Returns Symmetric?—Empirical Evidence from Agricultural Futures Market of China

The presence of asymmetry in the distribution of financial returns is not only an important factor which should be considered in the process of optimal portfolio allocation, but also one of the variables having close relationship with the recognition and measurement of financial risk. This paper adopts a method based on bootstrap to measure asymmetry in the distribution of financial returns, as proposed by Lisi (2007). Results of asymmetry test on the distribution of four representative price index series coming from agricultural futures market in China are presented, and the four indexes are hard wheat index, cotton index, sugar index and soybean oil index. The results indicate that, except for the distribution of soybean oil index return which has an evident asymmetry characteristic, the other three ones all can be considered symmetric at a high confidence level. This paper contributes to asymmetry evaluation in the marginal distribution of financial returns, as well as the study of distribution characteristics in agricultural futures index returns of China, in the way of providing new empirical evidence.
Organoleptic and chemical characteristics of soybean and pomegranate peel powder supplemented cakes

The present study delineates information pertaining to the organoleptic evaluation and chemical characteristics of wheat flour cake supplemented with soybean flour and pomegranate peel powder. The overall acceptability score of control (100 per cent wheat flour) cake was 7.40 and that of cakes made of wheat, soybean flour and pomegranate peel powder at 85:10:5, 82.5:10:7.5 and 80:10:10 level of substitutions had overall acceptability mean scores of 7.80, 7.74 and 7.96 which fell in the category ‘liked very much’. The protein and fat contents of Type I cake were 11.23 and 23.72 per cent, respectively which were significantly higher than that of control cake. As the level of substitution with pomegranate peel powder increased there was a significant (P≤0.05) increase in the crude fibre and ash content of all types of value added cakes from 2.23 to 3.03 and 1.81 to 2.15 per cent, respectively. Total dietary fibre content of control cake was 7.51 per cent, which was significantly lower than that of Type I (8.29 per cent), Type II (8.67 per cent) and Type III (9.07 per cent) cakes. Soluble and insoluble dietary fibre content of all types of cakes were significantly (P≤0.05) higher than that of control cake. Similarly the calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and magnesium content of control was significantly (P≤0.05) lower than that of Type I, II and III cakes. The starch and protein digestibility was 50.63 mg maltose released/g meal and 73.24 per cent, respectively in the 100 per cent wheat flour cake which was significantly (p≤0.05) higher than that of value added cakes.
Fractional Order PID Control of Rotor Suspension by Active Magnetic Bearings

One of the key issues in control design for Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) systems is the tradeoff between the simplicity of the controller structure and the performance of the closed-loop system. To achieve this tradeoff, this paper proposes the design of a fractional order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FOPID) controller. The FOPID controller consists of only two additional parameters in comparison with a conventional PID controller. The feasibility of FOPID for AMB systems is investigated for rotor suspension in both the radial and axial directions. Tuning methods are developed based on the evolutionary algorithms for searching the optimal values of the controller parameters. The resulting FOPID controllers are then tested and compared with a conventional PID controller, as well as with some advanced controllers such as Linear Quadratic Gausian (LQG) and H ∞ controllers. The comparison is made in terms of various stability and robustness specifications, as well as the dimensions of the controllers as implemented. Lastly, to validate the proposed method, experimental testing is carried out on a single-stage centrifugal compressor test rig equipped with magnetic bearings. The results show that, with a proper selection of gains and fractional orders, the performance of the resulting FOPID is similar to those of the advanced controllers.
Comparative Evaluation of the Growth Performance and Feed Intake of Weaned Rabbits Fed Tropical Grasses and Selected Forage Leaves

Twenty weaned chinchilla rabbits of mixed sexes aged between 8 to 9 weeks were randomly allotted to five different dietary treatments with four rabbits per treatment. Each rabbit was used as a replicate. Three tropical grasses and leaves from two forage plants were used to prepare the test diets. The leaves were obtained from Myrianthus arboreus and Gmelina arborea; two common forages and the tropical grasses used include; Tridax procumbens, Pannicum maximum and Pennisetum purpureum. Parameters studied include average weekly feed intake, average weekly weight gain, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency ratio. The study was carried out in the rabbit section of the Faculty of Agriculture Research and Teaching Farm of the Delta State University Asaba Campus, Delta State Nigeria, located at 6 0 14’N and 6 0 49’E. The forages were fed with a concentrate diet separately and the feeding ratio used was 2:1. Significance was reported at 5% level of probability and the means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test Procedure. Significant (P<0.05) differences were observed for all parameters measured between all the test materials. Variations in average feed intake and average weight gain were observed and values obtained were within the ranges of
The Kyoto Protocol and Patterns of International Trade

This paper analyzes the effects of climate change policy on international trade flows. Data on CO2 emission intensities and US imports from 1990 to 2010 are used to test whether being an Annex I party to the Kyoto Protocol has an effect on a country’s export patterns. The panel structure allows dealing with possible endogenous selection of countries into the Protocol. The findings confirm the commonly held but rarely empirically documented view that a country committed to reduce emissions exports less in CO2 emission intensive industries. Moreover this effect is quantitatively important and comparable to that of the traditional sources of comparative advantage, such as factor endowments. JEL Classification Codes: F18, Q56
A Register-Based Follow-up Study of Marriages in 1981- 1998

The relationship between increasing women’s earnings and rising divorce rates frequently has been explained by the so-called independence effect: If a wife enjoys a higher earning than her husband does, she gains less from marriage. It has also been argued that in a society with egalitarian gender attitudes this effect is less important. In this paper, we test if the independence effect applies to Sweden, a country in which egalitarian gender views dominate and female labor-force participation and divorce rates are high. Our analysis is based on a large register data set and intensity regression models. We found support for the ‘independence effect’: The linear relationship between the share of a wife’s income and the divorce risk is positive regardless of the couple’s total income and the wife’s and the husband’s education level.
The Newest Development of Quantum Electrodynamics : Electron as an Open Self-Organizing System , Superluminal Signals , Dynamical Properties of Time

The results of an approach based on the synthesis of standard quantum electrodynamics and of the ideas of self-organization in physical systems are briefly outlined. The quantum model of electron as an open self-organizing system is constructed, with the physical mechanism of self-organization consisting in the back influence of the own field created by electron on the same electron. The own field is considered as a physical property of electron, intrinsically inherent in electrically charged matter, which is included in the definition of the particle from the very beginning. The own field of electron endows the particle with wave properties and represents a bearer of superluminal signals, which can be used for the creation of qualitatively new communication systems. Because of the inseparable link between space and time, the force in relativistic mechanics is the cause of change not only of the velocity of particle, but also of the course of time along the particle’s trajectory. For this reason the flow of time in some area of space depends on the character of physical processes, occurring in it, and, therefore, time can be controlled by slowing down or accelerating its course with the help of material processes. The conclusions of the paper are not in conflict with the special theory of relativity (STR); they are a direct consequence of relativistic equations of motion and represent an essential development of the generally accepted notions about space and time. At present all the necessary prerequisites are available, both theoretical and technical, for the practical mastering of the own fields of particles and of the physical properties of time.
INVESTOR’S PSYCHOLOGY COMMITMENT LEVEL AND ESCALATORY BEHAVIOR IN INVESTMENT DECISION

This study examines the reasons of investor’s escalatory behavior in firm’s investment decision. It shows the possible influence of three closely related features which are: firm’s financial indicators, investor’s risk profile, and investor’s psychology commitment level, on a firm’s investment decisions escalation. This study aims to provide evidence as to whether investor considers the financial and risk’s perception features (financial strength and risk profile) in his escalatory behavior while he notes a high psychology commitment level. The proposed model of this paper uses GLM univariate data analyses to examine this relationship. Investor’s risk profile and his psychology commitment level have been measured by means of a questionnaire comprising several items. As for the selected sample, it has been composed of some 360 Tunisian individual investors. Our results have revealed that investors pay more attention to keep their psychology comfort than their financial comfort. It exposed the importance of the investor’s commitment bias and its risk perception in explaining his investment decision escalation. Moreover results shows that there is strong and significant empirical relationship linking the investment decision escalation and the interaction effects between the three independent variables. This means that, in practice, investors consider the three factors simultaneously.
Finger printing of Ralstonia solanacearum isolates by Rep-PCR and RAPD

Fifty seven isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum causing wilt on different host plants viz., tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), brinjal (Solanum melongena), potato (Solanum tuberosum), bird of paradise (BOP) (Strelitzia reginae), ginger (Zingiber officinale), chilli (Capsicum annuum), davana (Artemisia pallens) and coleus (Coleus forskohlii) were collected from different agro climatic zones of India. They were differentiated into races on the basis of their pathogenicity to infect different host. The isolates were established as race-1; none of the isolates infected mulberry and banana. Fifty four isolates oxidized and utilized both the disaccharides and sugar alcohols, thus these isolates positioned as biovars-3 as per Haywards classification system. Three isolates from Kerala, two ginger and one tomato strains were not able to utilize dulcitol and lactose. Hence, were categorized into new taxonomic group within biovar system and designated as biovar-3B for the first time in India. Fifty four isolates were confirmed as race-1, biovar-3 and 3 isolates as race-1, biovar-3B by morphological, physiological, biochemical and pathogenicity studies. Two sets of primers (OLI1 & Y2 and Y1 & Y2) were used in this study for authenticate the organism. Further, the identity of the isolates was confirmed by serological diagnostic kit obtained from International Potato Research Center, Lima, Peru and single chain variable fragment antibody specific to R. solanacearum. Isolates collected from different geographical areas of India were categorized into four major groups in Rep-PCR on the basis of 50 percent coefficient of 1.1-linkage distance. However, no relationship could be drawn regarding the biogeographical origin or host preference of the isolates among the groups. Based on RAPD analysis using 15 random decamer primers, all the isolates were classified into seven major groups/cluster.
Nonlinearity of Ocean Carbon Cycle Feedbacks in CMIP5 Earth System Models

Carbon cycle feedbacks are usually categorized into carbon–concentration and carbon–climate feedbacks, which arise owing to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and changing physical climate. Both feedbacks are often assumedtooperateindependently:thatis,thetotalfeedbackcanbeexpressed asthesumoftwoindependentcarbon fluxes that are functions of atmospheric CO2 and climate change, respectively. For phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), radiatively and biogeochemically coupled simulations have been undertaken to better understand carbon cycle feedback processes. Results show that the sum of total ocean carbon uptake in the radiatively and biogeochemically coupled experiments is consistently larger by 19–58 petagrams of carbon (Pg C) than the uptake found in the fully coupled model runs. This nonlinearity is small compared to the total ocean carbon uptake (533–676PgC), but it is of the same order as the carbon–climate feedback. The weakening of ocean circulation and mixing with climate change makes the largest contribution to the nonlinear carbon cycle response since carbon transport to depth is suppressed in the fully relative to the biogeochemically coupled simulations, while the radiatively coupled experiment mainly measures the loss of near-surface carbon owing to warming of the ocean. Sea ice retreat and seawater carbon chemistry contribute less to the simulated nonlinearity. The authors’ results indicate thatestimatesoftheocean carbon–climate feedback derived from‘‘warming only’’ (radiativelycoupled)simulations may underestimate the reduction of ocean carbon uptake in a warm climate high CO2 world.
Spatial flow velocity distribution around an inlet port/valve annulus

An experimental investigation of the airflow through inlet port of a standard production direct injection diesel engine is presented. The investigation comprises mass flow rate and pressure drop measurements at fixed valve lifts, and spatial distributions of mean and r.m.s. velocity components around the port/valve annulus measured under steady flow conditions by special designed miniature hot-wire anemometer X probe. The results show that the velocity field is distributed non-uniformly across the valve gap and around valve periphery. Nonuniformity is more expressed at higher valve lifts. Flow instability in a jet leaving the port (jet flapping) is also evident since the skewness and kurtosis of the velocity probability distribution function depart from the Gaussian form. The presented experimental method, based on the application of miniature multiple hot-wire probes, makes possible investigation of flow performances of an inlet port and poppet valve assembly of a production engine head without any modification for ensuring an optical access within the port/cylinder.
Slow modes in local polymer dynamics

Molecular dynamics simulations of united atom nonentangled linear polyethylene models were utilized in order to systematically examine local orientational dynamics. In agreement with recent experiments and theoretical predictions, slow relaxation processes associated with motions of length scale of the order of chain dimensions are identified and analyzed with a method that allowed a model-free determination of their relative contribution to local orientational relaxation. Factors of intraand intermolecular nature affecting their characteristics are discussed as well. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. @S0021-9606 ~00! 52119-9#