Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ventilation, Thermal Noise, and Errors in Cardiac Output Measurements after Cardiopulmonary Bypass

BackgroundThe authors observed transient increases in the amplitude of respiratory variations in pulmonary artery blood temperature in many patients after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This increased “thermal noise” may significantly influence measurements of thermodilution cardiac outputs (TDCO) performed during this time. MethodsThe authors recorded the peak-to-peak amplitude of respiratory variations in pulmonary artery blood temperature in 15 patients during the first 35 min after CPB. Possible relationships between the amplitude of these variations and the magnitude of temperature differences between commonly monitored body temperature sites (nasopharyngeal, rectal, bladder, and pulmonary artery) were also examined. In ten additional patients, the authors investigated the influence of these increased respiratory variations on TDCO measurements by correlating the maximum variation in three successive TDCO measurements with the peak-to-peak amplitude of the respiratory variations in pulmonary artery blood temperature. Potential error in TDCO measurements caused by these increased respiratory variations in pulmonary artery blood temperature were also examined using model calculations of the effects of respiratory variations in pulmonary artery blood temperature on measured TDCO thermal areas. ResultsIn the first 15 patients, the mean amplitude of respiratory variations in pulmonary artery blood temperature after CPB (mean ± SEM) were: (1) within 5 min after CPB, 0.037 ± 0.004°C; (2) 10 min after #1, 0.025 ± 0.003°C; (3) 20 min after #1, 0.019 ± 0.003°C; and (4) 30 min after #1, 0.012 ± 0.002°C. There were no significant correlations between the magnitude of the respiratory variation in pulmonary artery blood temperature and the observed temperature differences between body sites. Four patients had pulmonary artery blood temperature variations in excess of the maximum amplitude previously reported in man (0.05°C). In the next ten patients, the maximum variation between three successive TDCO measurements taken at specified times in the respiratory cycle (end Inspiration, end exhalation, and 3 s after end exhalation) was significantly correlated with the amplitude of respiratory variations in pulmonary artery blood temperature (r = 0.83, P < 0.001). Four patients with increased respiratory variations in pulmonary artery blood temperature had variations in TDCO measurements exceeding 21/min. Subsequent model calculations demonstrated that the magnitude of potential error in TDCO measurements is dependent on both the amplitude of the respiratory variations in pulmonary artery blood temperature and the baseline cardiac output. On the basis of these thermal area calculations, potential errors of 15–50% could be caused by respiratory variations in pulmonary artery blood temperature > 0.05°C. ConclusionsThe authors concluded that respiratory variations in pulmonary artery blood temperature are transiently increased in many patients after CPB, and that this increased “thermal noise” may cause significant errors in TDCO measurements.
Genetics and manifold effects of strong's luxoid gene in the mouse, including its interactions with green's luxoid and carter's luxate genes

Strong and Hardy (’56) published a preliminary description of the genetics and effects of a new skeletal mutant in the mouse. Recently Strong (’61) published additional information on its genetics and named the gene responsible for the principal effects “Strong’s luxoid gene,” symbol: 1st. ” The present paper analyzes further its genetics, gives more detailed descriptions of its skeletal effects including interactions with Green’s luxoid and Carter’s luxate genes
STELLAR ROTATION IN M35: MASS–PERIOD RELATIONS, SPIN-DOWN RATES, AND GYROCHRONOLOGY

We present the results of a five month photometric time-series survey for stellar rotation over a 40′ × 40′ field centered on the 150 Myr open cluster M35. We report rotation periods for 441 stars within this field and determine their cluster membership and binarity based on a decade-long radial velocity survey, proper-motion measurements, and multiband photometric observations. We find that 310 of the stars with measured rotation periods are late-type members of M35. The distribution of rotation periods for cluster members span more than 2 orders of magnitude from ∼0.1 to 15 days, not constrained by the sampling frequency and the timespan of the survey. With an age between the zero-age main sequence and the Hyades, and with ∼6 times more rotation periods than measured in the Pleiades, M35 permit detailed studies of early rotational evolution of late-type stars. Nearly 80% of the 310 rotators lie on two distinct sequences in the color–period plane, and define clear relations between stellar rotation period and color (mass). The M35 color–period diagram enables us to determine timescales for the transition between the two rotational states, of ∼60 Myr and ∼140 Myr for G and K dwarfs, respectively. These timescales are inversely related to the mass of the convective envelope, and offer constraints on the rates of internal and external angular momentum transport and of the evolution of stellar dynamos. A comparison to the Hyades, confirm the Skumanich spin-down dependence for G dwarfs on one rotational state, but suggest that K dwarfs spin down more slowly. The locations of the rotational sequences in the M35 color–period diagram support the use of rotational isochrones to determine ages for coeval stellar populations. We use such gyrochronology to determine “gyro-ages” for M35 from 134 Myr to 161 Myr. We use the M35 data to evaluate new color dependences for the rotational isochrones.
Circularly Polarized Meshed Patch Antenna

In this letter, circularly polarized meshed patch antenna has been investigated. A new technique is proposed to provide circular polarization for meshed patch antenna. Moreover, two mesh configurations have been studied, and their opto-radio-electrical performances have been compared to each other. It is shown that there is a conflict between optical transparency and bandwidth of the antennas. Additionally, the Proximity coupling technique has been modified to feed the meshed patch providing more optical transparency for the whole assembly. In the current study, two fabricated circularly polarized meshed patch antennas are presented, one with copper ground plane, another with solar cell ground plane. Measurement results show 2.79% and 3.27% axial-ratio bandwidth (3 dB) at center frequency of 2.43 GHz as well as 4.9 and 4.4 dBiC gain for meshed patch antennas with copper and solar cell ground plane, respectively .
Cognitive Absorption An Empirical Examination of 3-D Immersive Virtual World Users

The purpose of this conceptual replication study is to validate the cognitive absorption construct and the model proposed by Agarwal and Karahanna (2000) in the context of 3-D immersive virtual worlds. For this the original scale items were adapted to the new context, and the model was tested with the data collected from 307 customers of a large technology firm who voluntarily participated in a knowledge sharing activity in Second Life, a 3D virtual world platform. Overall, the replication results support the original model in the new setting – customers of a service firm involved in real life knowledge sharing activity in Second Life. Similar to the original study, this study finds that cognitive absorption positively influences perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. In addition, unlike the original study, this replication study also finds support for positive relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness.
Prehospital diagnostic and therapeutic management of otogenic Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis

Prehospital diagnostics and therapeutic management, as well as clinical and laboratory data from 57 consecutive cases with otogenic pneumococcal meningitis (OPM) in Denmark during a 2-y period (1999–2000) were studied by review of discharge and medical records including a questionnaire sent to the general practitioners responsible for the individual patient. 12 cases were <2 y of age, whereas the remaining 45 cases were >21 y of age. Fever (in 98%) and altered consciousness (in 98%), respectively, were significantly more frequent prehospital symptoms (median duration of symptoms: 2 d (1–4)) than earache (in 71%, p < 0.0001), tympanic perforation (in 38%, p < 0.0001), and back rigidity (in 25%, p < 0.0001) in OPM. Some 82% visited a physician before admission, and an otogenic focus was diagnosed in 57%, a myringotomy was performed in 12%, and antibiotic therapy was initiated in 29% of these cases. Prehospital antibiotic therapy was more likely to be initiated in patients where the physician found an otogenic focus compared to patients where an otogenic was not found (46% vs 6%, respectively, p = 0.01). However, <10% of cases with OPM were treated for otitis media with adequate dosing of antibiotics for more than 1 d based on pharmacodynamic estimates. The clinical course was more severe in adults than in children (e.g. need for assisted ventilation (61% vs 0%, respectively, p < 0.01), development of sequelae (75% vs 8%, respectively, p < 0.01) together with higher CSF WBC and CSF protein levels (3738 vs 1361 cells/µl and 3.8 vs 1.6 g/l, respectively, p < 0.01), whereas corticosteroids were more frequently given to children than to adults (55% vs 3%, p < 0.001). Prehospital antibiotic therapy was not significantly associated with a more favourable outcome of OPM (50% vs 60%, respectively, p = 0.73). In conclusion, our results suggest that an otogenic focus is as frequent in adults as in children with pneumococcal meningitis and that an otogenic examination should be performed on patients presenting with fever and altered consciousness. Moreover, OPM seems predominantly to occur in patients receiving no or inadequate antibiotic therapy for otitis media.
Health‐related quality of life and burden of fatigue in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia by phase of disease

The main objective of this study was to compare health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of primary immune thrombocytopenia (pITP) patients with that of general population, overall, and by patient group (i.e., newly diagnosed, persistent, and chronic patients). Fatigue was also investigated as a secondary objective. Overall, 424 adult patients were enrolled in a multicenter observational study and the control group consisted of a representative sample from the general population. Propensity score matching plus further multivariate linear regression adjustment was used to compare HRQOL outcomes between pITP patients and general population. Mean age of patients was 54 years. Of those with HRQOL assessment, 99 patients (23.6%) were newly diagnosed, 53 (12.6%) were persistent, and 268 (63.8%) were chronic pITP patients. Comparison by patient group versus their respective peers in the general population revealed greater impairments in persistent pITP patients. Persistent pITP patients reported clinically meaningful impairments in physical functioning (−15; 95% CI −24.1 to −5.8; P = 0.002), social functioning (−15.3; 95% CI −25.5 to −5.1; P = 0.004), role physical (−28.4; 95% CI −43.1 to −13.7; P < 0.001), role emotional (−23.9; 95% CI −40.1 to −7.7; P = 0.004), and mental health scales (−11.3; 95% CI −21.2 to −1.4; P = 0.026) of the SF‐36 questionnaire. Higher fatigue severity was associated with lower physical and mental HRQOL outcomes. Our findings suggest that the burden of the disease and treatment might depend on the disease phase and that persistent pITP patients are the most vulnerable subgroup. Am. J. Hematol. 91:995–1001, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alterations in striatal and extrastriatal D‐1 and D‐2 dopamine receptors in the MPTP‐treated common marmoset: An autoradiographic study

In adult common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), MPTP (1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1, 2, 3, 6‐tetrahydropyridine) treatment induced almost total depletion of cells in the substantia nigra pars compacts (SNc) but partial cell loss in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). There was severe depletion of [3H]‐mazindol binding to dopamine (DA) uptake sites in the caudate, putamen, and SNc. The loss of [3H]‐mazindol binding in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and olfactory tubercle (OT) was less marked. [3H]‐mazindol binding in the body of caudate nucleus showed a small but significant recovery with increasing post‐lesion survival times.
Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. III. Treatment, prophylaxis, and differential diagnosis.

Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION) is a serious blinding disease, with poor prognosis for the recovery of vision and a high probability that the second eye will be involved. Since we have only recently begun to understand its pathogenesis (Hayreh, I 974a,b) and most ofthe therapies tried so far (reviewed by Hayreh, 1974b) have made no significant difference to their visual loss, such patients are generally given up as hopeless. The main therapeutic controversy lies in the management of the non-arteritic type of AION since patients with temporal arteritis AION are invariably treated with systemic corticosteroids, primarily to prevent the involvement of the second eye. In the management of the non-arteritic type of AION, many therapies have been tried, e.g. anticoagulants (Lasco, I96I; Saraux and Murat, I967), systemic corticosteroids (Foulds, i968, 1969), subtenon vasodilators (Fransois, Verriest, Neetens, De Rouck, and Hanssens, I962; Calmettes, Deodati, and Bechac, I963; Bonamour, I966; Saraux and Murat, I967), subtenon steroids (Bonamour, I966; Sanders, 1971), subtenon atropine sulphate i per cent. (Cordes, I937), and recently diphenylhydantoin (Burde, 1973). However, most ophthalmologists do not treat patients with the non-arteritic type ofAION or try to find a treatable associated systemic or ocular disorder, e.g. hypertension, diabetes, anaemias, glaucoma, etc. (Hayreh, I974a,b), but discard them with philosophical advice to accept the visual loss as
Extremal problems on set systems

For a family \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\boldmath{F}(k) = \{{\mathcal F}_1^{(k)}, {\mathcal F}_2^{(k)},\ldots,{\mathcal F}_t^{(k)}\}$\end{document} of k‐uniform hypergraphs let ex (n,F(k)) denote the maximum number of k‐tuples which a k‐uniform hypergraph on n vertices may have, while not containing any member of F(k). Let rk(n) denote the maximum cardinality of a set of integers Z⊂[n], where Z contains no arithmetic progression of length k. For any k≥3 we introduce families \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\boldmath{F}(k) = \{{\mathcal F}_1^{(k)},{\mathcal F}_2^{(k)}\}$\end{document} and prove that nk−2rk(n)≤ex (nk2,F(k))≤cknk−1 holds. We conjecture that ex(n,F(k))=o(nk−1) holds. If true, this would imply a celebrated result of Szemerédi stating that rk(n)=o(n). By an earlier result o Ruzsa and Szemerédi, our conjecture is known to be true for k=3. The main objective of this article is to verify the conjecture for k=4. We also consider some related problems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. 20: 131–164, 2002.
Is the Relationship Between ADHD Symptoms and Binge Eating Mediated by Impulsivity?

Objective: Individuals with ADHD may be at risk of developing binge eating disorder (BED). Impulsivity correlates with both BED and ADHD; however, more research is needed to explore whether impulsivity plays an underlying role in the observed relationship between ADHD and BED. Method: Questionnaires were used to assess ADHD and BED symptoms. Multiple questionnaires and a behavioral task were used to assess impulsivity in undiagnosed undergraduate participants (n = 50). Results: Expected correlations were found among ADHD symptoms, BED tendencies, and measures of impulsivity with the exception of impulsivity on the behavioral task and BED symptoms; however, none of the measures of impulsivity were found to be significant mediators between ADHD and BED symptoms. Conclusion: Although impulsivity may play an important role in the interrelationship of ADHD and binge eating, other factors may also be critical in the development of this comorbidity. Investigation of this research question in clinical samples is needed.
MORPHOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN THE CARNIVORAN SKULL

Abstract The correlated evolution of traits may be a principal factor in morphological evolution, but it is typically studied in genetic or developmental systems. Most studies examining phenotypic trait correlations, through analysis of morphological integration, consider only few taxa, with limited ability to test hypotheses of the influence of trait integration on morphological variation and diversity. The few comparative studies in less inclusive groups have yielded varying relationships of integration to the key factors of phylogeny and diet. In this paper, I present analyses of cranial morphological integration in 30 species from the mammalian order Carnivora, spanning eight extant families and a wide range of ecological and morphological diversity. Fifty-five cranial landmarks were captured through three-dimensional digitization of 15–22 specimens for each species. Using a node-based phylogenetic distance matrix, a significant correlation was found between similarity in patterns of integration and phylogenetic relatedness within Felidae (cats) and Canidae (dogs), but not within more inclusive clades, when size-related variation was removed. When size was included, significant correlations were found across all Caniformia, Musteloidea, Mustelidae, and Felidae. There was a significant correlation between phylogeny and morphological integration only within the higher-level clade Feliformia (cats, civets, mongooses, and hyaenas) when a branch-length-based phylogenetic distance matrix was analyzed, with and without size. In contrast, diet was significantly correlated with similarity in morphological integration in arctoid carnivorans (bears, raccoons, and weasels), but had no significant relationship with integration in feliforms or canids. These results support the proposition that evolutionary history is correlated with cranial integration across large clades, although in some smaller clades diet also exerts significant influence on the correlated evolution of traits.
Cutting Edge: A Monoclonal Antibody Specific for the Programmed Death-1 Homolog Prevents Graft-versus-Host Disease in Mouse Models

Upon interaction with B7 homolog 1, programmed death-1 (PD-1) transmits a critical coinhibitory signal to T cells to negatively regulate immune responses. By extensively searching the genomic database with the IgV region of PD-1, we identified a homolog and named it PD-1 homolog (PD-1H). PD-1H is broadly expressed on the cell surface of hematopoietic cells and could be further upregulated on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following activation. We have generated an mAb against PD-1H, which strikingly prevents acute graft-versus-host disease in semi- and fully allogeneic murine models, leading to full chimerism following treatment. Graft-versus-host disease remains a primary hindrance to successful allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation therapy for the treatment of hematologic malignancy. Therefore, manipulation of PD-1H function may provide a new modality for controlling T cell responses to allogeneic tissues in transplant medicine.
The histidine kinase Hik33 perceives osmotic stress and cold stress in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

The stress imposed on living organisms by hyperosmotic conditions and low temperature appears to be perceived via changes in the physical state of membrane lipids. We compared genome‐wide patterns of transcription between wild‐type Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and cells with a mutation in the histidine kinase Hik33 using a DNA microarray. Our results indicated that Hik33 regulated the expression of both osmostress‐inducible and cold‐inducible genes. The respective genes that were regulated by Hik33 under hyperosmotic and low‐temperature conditions were, for the most part, different from one another. However, Hik33 also regulated the expression of a set of genes whose expression was induced both by osmotic stress and by cold stress. These results indicate that Hik33 is involved in responses to osmotic stress and low‐temperature stress but that the mechanisms of the responses differ.
Stimulus locking and feature selectivity prevail in complementary frequency ranges of V1 local field potentials

The local field potential (LFP) is a population measure of neuronal activity complementary to spike trains. Whereas the response properties of the spiking activity in the visual cortex have been characterized extensively, the responses of the LFP have not been well explored. No coherent picture exists about which frequency ranges exhibit feature tuning or show stimulus locked activity. Addressing this, we recorded LFP in the primary visual cortex of alert cats and calculated the tuning indices for orientation, spatial and temporal frequency. Furthermore, we quantified the locking of the power in different LFP frequency bands to the velocity profile of artificial and natural stimuli. We found that the LFP in alert animals is well tuned with similar specificity to orientation, spatial frequency and temporal frequency. Tuning to these features is most prominent in two frequency bands (8–23 Hz and 39–109 Hz). In two complementary frequency bands (23–39 Hz and above 109 Hz) the dynamics of the LFP power is locked tightly to the temporal structure of the stimulus. This locking is furthermore independent of the spatial structure of the stimulus. Together these four frequency bands cover the whole frequency range investigated. In contrast to previous studies, which often reported correlates of visual processing only in a limited frequency range of the LFP, the present results suggest that the entire frequency range of the LFP can be assigned a role in visual processing.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis among blood donors in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in South India

Blood transfusion is a life saving contrive, also associated with various infectious risks. Transfusion transmissible infectious agents are among the greatest threats to blood safety of the patients who receive blood. Screening of all types of infectious diseases before transfusion is a hectic task now in transfusion medicine. Malaria is the most important protozoan disease transmitted by blood transfusion followed by toxoplasmosis. It is one of the notifiable communicable diseases among rural and urban population. Serological screening of Toxoplasma gondii is very important to prevent such infection transmission. We evaluated the seroprevalence of T. gondii in healthy population of blood donors in Tiruchirapalli, South India. A total of 207 serum samples collected from healthy voluntary blood donors was tested for T. gondii antibodies by IgM ELISA serology. Out of 207 subjects, 46 (22.2%) were seropositive to T. gondii. The prevalence of T. gondii antibodies showed high in our study in healthy voluntary blood donors. Thus we suggested to include the screening of T. gondii as a priority test in all pretransfusion blood testing schedule.