Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Additive Particles in Romance and Germanic Languages: Are They Really Similar?

The starting point of this paper is the observation of an unequal frequency of the additive particle auch in German as compared to the paucity of its French counterpart aussi, in L1 and L2 developmental data as well as in adult native speakers' production, which leads to an investigation of the reasons for the observed difference in language use. The paper brings together findings on the structure and discourse integration of utterances containing additive particles (translation equivalents of also) in written sources from French and German and in oral production data from speakers of French and Italian, German and Dutch. Next to data from native speakers, developmental data from learners of French and German (as L1 and L2) are shown to be relevant sources of information about the integration of the optional particles into utterances and at the discourse level. The developmental data reveal a difference between Romance and Germanic languages, concerning not only the frequency of additive particles, but also their interaction with early markers of assertion: auch/ook function as precursors of the assertive value, in competition with the expression of assertion through finiteness, whereas no such interaction is attested for aussi/anche. A comparison of native speakers' preferential choices concerning the information unit highlighted to enhance discourse cohesion confirms the differences between the two language families: speakers of Germanic languages preferentially use particles and Verum Focus, i. e. anaphoric links operating on the assertion value of the relevant utterances, whereas speakers of Romance languages choose anaphoric links operating on the utterance's descriptive content (entities and predicate). Although additive particles across languages share a similar basic meaning, only the Germanic ones are integrated in a system of assertion-related items that push their speakers to apply a discourse perspective oriented towards a comparison of assertions.
Pressure distributions on circular cylinders at critical Reynolds numbers

Measurements have been made of the mean and fluctuating pressure distributions on long circular cylinders, having smooth and rough surfaces, at Reynolds numbers of 1·11 × 105 and 2·35 × 105 in both uniform and turbulent streams. The presence of free-stream turbulence a t these Reynolds numbers was found to suppress coherent vortex shedding on the smooth cylinder and give rise to a complex pressure field in which the mean pressure distribution was almost independent of Reynolds number over the small range of Reynolds numbers tested. The pressure distributions on the rough cylinder were found to be completely different in uniform and turbulent streams; the presence of turbulence gave rise to an increase in the level of vortex shedding energy, and produced mean pressure distributions similar to those obtained on smooth cylinders at Reynolds numbers of the order of 107.
What Attracts Corporate Headquarters? : Evidence from Seoul Metropolitan Area in Korea

Headquarters (HQs) play a pivotal role in managing, evaluating, and coordinating internal firm activities. It is well known that HQs not only perform such a core managerial function at an individual firm level, but they are also main agents of urban economic activities at a regional level. There has been a growing interest in geographical concentration of HQs as a fundamental engine of urban economic growth, while it often results in interregional conflicts. This study provides insight into where HQs are located in Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) and what decision factors significantly influence their location. In Korea, HQs consistently continued to be attracted by SMA over the last decades resulting in the overwhelming regional disparity between SMA and non-SMA. Using both absolute and relative LISA analysis, concentration patterns of HQs revealed the rise of suburban areas and the fall of downtown area in SMA. To measure firms’ decision factors on their headquarters location, the Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) is applied to headquarters located in SMA as of 2010. A firm’s choice about where to locate its headquarters is significantly affected by diverse regional factors such as regional potential for economic growth, quality infrastructure, public investment, and amenity. Such findings provide a fundamental basis for managing deeply conflicting policy goals such as promoting regional economic development and narrowing regional disparity in terms of HQs location.
Phosphorus extractability in surface soil samples as affected by mixing with subsoil

Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin muokkauskerroksesta otettaviin maanaytteisiin mahdollisesti joutuvan pohjamaan vaikutusta naytteesta tehtavien fosforianalyysien tuloksiin. Samalla tutkittiin mahdollisuuksia pienentaa runsaasti fosforia sisaltavasta muokkauskerroksesta vapautuvan liukoisen fosforin maaraa sekoittamalla siihen fosforia tehokkaasti pidattava pohjamaata.Kuudesta viljellysta maaprofiilista otettiin maanaytteet muokkauskerroksesta ja muokkauskerroksen alapuolisesta pohjamaasta. Puhtaista maanaytteista ja maanayteseoksista, jotka sisalsivat 25 tai 50 pohjamaata, analysoitiin viljavuusfosfori, fosforin kyllastysaste ja fosforin Q/I-kuvaaja. Seoksista mitattuja analyysituloksia verrattiin muokkauskerroksen ja pohjamaan analyysitulosten massaosuuksilla painotettuihin keskiarvoihin. Viljavuusfosforin ja fosforin kylla stysasteen osalta maan ayteseoksista mitatut ja puhtaiden naytteiden tulosten perusteella lasketut arvot olivat hyvin lahella toisiaan. Pohjamaan osuuden kasvaessa maanayteseoksessa viljavuusfosforitulos ja fosforin kyllastysaste pienenivat lineaarisesti (r2 >0,85). Lineaarisen riippuvuuden perusteella maanayteseoksen analyysitulos voidaan ennustaa, mikali puhtaiden naytteiden tulokset ja maiden sekoitussuhde tiedetaan. Vesiuuttoisen fosforin kohdalla seoksista mitatut arvot olivat sen sijaan huomattavasti pienempia kuin alkuperaisten pinta- ja pohjamaanaytteiden perusteella lasketut tulokset, ja vesiuuttoisen fosforin pitoisuus seka fosforin Q/I-kuvaajien avulla lasketut tasapainopitoisuudet pienenivat hyvin nopeasti pohjamaan osuuden kasvaessa maanayteseoksessa. Pohjamaan voimakas taipumus pienentaa vesiliukoisen fosforin maaraa ja fosforin tasapainopitoisuutta seoksessa saattaa tarjota mahdollisuuden pienentaa fosforin liukoisuutta runsaasti fosforia sisaltavissa maissa syva muokkauksen avulla, ja siten vahentaa valittomasti rehevoitymista aiheuttavan liukoisen fosforin huuhtoutumista vesistoihin pintavalunnan mukana.
Limited Stock Market Participation and Asset Prices in a Dynamic Economy ∗

We present a consumption-based model that explains the equity premium puzzle through two channels. First, because of borrowing constraints, the shareholder cannot completely diversify his income risk and requires a sizable risk premium on stocks. Second, because of limited stock market participation, the precautionary saving demand lowers the risk-free rate but not stock return and generates a substantial liquidity premium. Our model also replicates many other salient features of the data, including the first two moments of the risk-free rate, excess stock volatility, stock return predictability, and the unstable relation between stock volatility and the dividend yield.
Widespread Archaea and novel Bacteria from the deep sea as shown by 16S rRNA gene sequences

Marine microbial diversity is important yet poorly-known, due to low culturability and undersampling. However, 16s rRNA gene sequences cloned directly from biomass allow us to know what microbial types are present, irrespective of culturing, and to create probes suitable for biodiversity studies. Many sequences are needed for good probe design. Here we report on sequences from 57 deep sea clones, obtained by the polymerase chain reaction with 'universal' primers, from 500 m and 3000 m depths in the northeast Pacific and 1000 m depth in the subtropical Atlantic. The most common group, with 19 of the new sequences (10 Atlantic), was a recently reported crenarchaeal cluster, Group I. We also found 6 sequences in 2 other archaeal groups in the broad methanogen-halophile lineage; 2 of these were in a distinct lineage not previously reported. The bacterial sequences included 22 dispersed among the a and y Proteobacteria (8 related to SAR 1 l), 5 related to a previously reported broad group (Group A) of marine clones poorly affiliated with known (cultured and sequenced) major bacterial divisions, 6 in a second group with little affiliation to any previously reported division (we call this Group B), 1 In a third possible major novel group, 2 deeply branched with~n the 'Green Nonsulfur' lineage, and 1 branching with a soil clone. In contrast to the vast majority of the sequences, a cluster of 5 sequences was very close to a cultured marine proteobacterium, Alterornonas macleod~j. It appeared that 5 of the clones were chimeric, although this label is difficult to apply when sequences are only distantly related to those in the database, as was common. We conclude that the deep sea contains numerous novel and widespread major prokaryotic lineages. Given the huge volume of this habitat and typical bacteria.1 abundances, it appears that the previously unknown archaeal and bacterial groups may be the most abundant organisms on Earth.
Effects of power on emotion and expression during a controversial group discussion

The approach/inhibition theory of power proposes that elevated social power increases the experience and expression of positive emotions and that reduced social power increases the experience and expression of negative emotions (Keltner, Gruenfeld, & Anderson, 2003). The evidence to date for these proposed relationships is correlational. Studies that have attempted to find a causal link between power and emotions have failed to do so. The current study manipulated social power in 61 three-person groups that engaged in a meaningful discussion (explanations for poverty in the US) that produced disagreements and strong emotions. High power individuals experienced and expressed more positive emotions and less anger than low power individuals did. High power individuals were also more likely than low power individuals to openly express their opinions during the group discussion. Implications for theory and future research are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Size Reduction of a DC Link Choke Using Saturation Gap and Biasing with Permanent Magnets

This document describes the design procedure of permanent magnet biased DC inductors using the Saturation-gap technique [1]. This biasing configuration can provide a 50% reduction in either the core volume or the number of turns, while meeting its current and inductance requirements. A design example on a 20A 1mH iron laminations DC choke is presented. MEC simulations and empirical measurements on a physical unit were performed. Experimental results show a 50% reduction of the core volume is achieved. The total volume reduction of the inductor is 37%.
A New Development in Online Marketing: Introducing Digital Inbound Marketing

Particularly in online settings, marketing is undergoing a transformation. Online business can no longer rely on traditional marketing tactics and campaigns to attract, retain and expand consumers because there is a transformation in how people interact with brands and companies, how they shop and buy in online and offline settings. Traditional marketing is no longer a viable option because it focuses on pushing a message out. In online business framework, a new marketing development has arisen, namely digital inbound marketing. This new marketing type is focused on attracting valuable consumers (potential, existing, or aspirational) that choose to interact with a particular company that provides them with something useful. In this paper, we propose a definition for digital inbound marketing and examine the online strategies associated with this concept: brand-focused marketing communications, content marketing, social media marketing, and search engine optimization.
Applying Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explore Users’ Behavioral Intention to Adopt a Performance Assessment System for E-book Production

With rapidly rising popularity of digital reading coupled with advancement in electronic book technology, there is a sense of urgency to cultivate qualified talent for the digital publishing industry. Based on results of an exploration identifying technical skills needed for the industry to produce electronic books, this study developed a web-based performance assessment system with 35 questions in its item bank regarding four dimensions of full-text e-book production. The study applied technology acceptance model (TAM) to explore the behavioral intention of students in technological colleges and universities and use a web-based performance assessment system as a tool to evaluate their technical proficiency in e-book production. This study also applied structural equation model as a vehicle to test the hypotheses and relationships in the research to verify external effects of “computer self-efficacy”. This research concludes that the technology acceptance model can be applied to explain users’ willingness to adopt a web-based assessment system.
The ISD process as a 'live routine'

The objective of this exploratory study is to view an ISD process as an organisational routine in an effort to identify the inefficiencies in the process. To meet this objective we present the findings from a sixteen month case study of an ISD organisation, examining the ISD process the starting point of which is the requirements elicitation (RE) phase. A variety of data gathering techniques are used across two phases of data collection. The case data is organised as a narrative network (NN) of the organisational routine (ISD process) allowing us to understand the ISD process as a collection of functional events/narrative fragments, generated by the enactment of the organisational routine. The NN is showing itself to be a very powerful device to appreciate the knock-on impacts of vague and incomplete requirements (poor requirements elicitation) on downstream ISD process ’patterns of action’. In the findings of this research we generate an ‘ostensive’ rule that defines a valid sequence of action in the ISD process. As a case study, the methods and results provide a means of comparison to additional cases of ISD organisations.
Molecular Dynamics Analysis of Effects of Velocity and Loading on the Nanoindentation

Three-dimensional molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is used to investigate the atomistic mechanism of nanoindentation process under various indentation loads and velocities that occur when a diamond tip interacts with the copper thin film. In this study, the model utilizes the Morse potential function to simulate interatomic forces between the specimen and tip. The results show that both Young's modulus and hardness increase up to a critical value and decrease there after for the indentation velocities, but decrease as the indentation loads increase. In additional, the contact stress-strain relationship is shown to be important.
Comparing clay mineral diagenesis in interbedded sandstones and mudstones, Vienna Basin, Austria

Abstract There is no consensus about the rate and style of clay mineral diagenesis in progressively buried sandstones v. interbedded mudstones. The diagenetic evolution of interbedded Miocene sandstones and mudstones from the Vienna Basin (Austria) has therefore been compared using core-based studies, petrography, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence. There was a common provenance for the coarse- and fine-grained sediments, and the primary depositional environment of the host sediment had no direct effect on illitization. The sandstones are mostly lithic arkoses dominated by framework grains of quartz, altered feldspars and carbonate rock fragments. Sandstone porosity has been reduced by quartz overgrowths and calcite cement; their pore-filling authigenic clay minerals consist of mixed-layer illite–smectite, illite, kaolinite and chlorite. In sandstones, smectite illitization progresses with depth; at 2150 m there is a transition from randomly interstratified to regular interstratified illite–smectite. The overall mineralogy of mudstones is surprisingly similar to the sandstones. However, for a given depth, feldspars are more altered to kaolinite, and smectite illitization is more advanced in sandstones than in mudstones. The higher permeability of sandstones allowed faster movement of material and pore fluid necessary for illitization and feldspar alteration than in mudstones. The significance of this work is that it has shown that open-system diagenesis is important for some clay mineral diagenetic reactions in sandstones, while closed-system diagenesis seems to operate for clay mineral diagenesis in mudstones.
Organic nanotube induced by photocorrosion of CdS nanorod

PMMA-coated CdS nanorod was prepared by encapsulation of CdS nanorod through the polymerization process of PMMA on the surface of CdS nanorod. PMMA organic nanotube was then obtained from the elimination of the CdS nanorod by the photocorrosion. For the photocorrosion reaction of the CdS nanorod, monochromatic light was irradiated to the oxygen-saturated aqueous methyl viologen solution with PMMA-coated CdS nanorod. Photocorrosion reactions of PMMA-coated CdS nanorod were investigated and characterized by utilizing UV-Vis absorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images.
Comparing Direct and Indirect Taxation: The Influence of Framing on Tax Compliance

Standard theory of the optimal mix of direct and indirect taxation implicitly assumes that compliance is not influenced by the framing of the taxes. According to our findings, this is not the case. Using an experimental approach, we examine whether framing the tax payment decision as income tax or consumption tax influences compliance. We find that median compliance is 10.2 percentage points higher in the income tax framing. Further, we find that subjects' reaction to a change in tax rates is comparable, but reaction towards a change in detection rates is higher in the consumption tax scheme. We conclude that behavioral patterns should be taken into account when drawing conclusions about the direct-indirect tax mix
STATE OF STRAIN AND STRESS IN NORTHWESTERN OF SOUTH AMERICA

Analysis of stress inversion of 96 focal mechanisms (1976 - 2000, Mw > 5) and satellital geodesy (CASA 1991, 1994, 1996) allowed to establish a compressive tendency in the WE sense of the Panama-Costa Rica Block (BPC), that hit the North Andes Block (BNA). Some seismic evidences would confi rm the existence of the proposed Choco Block (BC), with western limit Darien Range, and eastern limit in the zone of Murindo, demonstrated by the stress inversion of these two zones, with sub-parallel tendency NS. The southern limit, already 4o N, also shows stress with NS tendency. Some located superfi cial earthquakes in the Pacifi c Coast, apparently western limit of Choco Block, shows stress with NW tendency. Additionally, the vectors of displacement and the main stress axis in the Colombian southwest, near to the zone of Tumaco, shows clear tendencies WE. The deep seismicity in the zone of Bucaramanga displays stress with tendency NNW - SSE, coherent with the Caribbean Plate subduction under Sudamerica.The results of shear wave analysis (Jan. 1994 to dec. 1997) allowed to estimate the direction of shear wave polarization in 6 regions that should be parallel or sub parallel to the maximum horizontal compressive stress (Kaneshima, 1990). The leading shear waves in the region seismicity in the zone of Bucaramanga from deep earthquakes (depth > 40 km) are polarized in E-SE direction. In the region 2, throughout the System of Faults of Borde Llanero, leading shear waves from shallow earthquakes (depth 40 km) are polarized in direction NNE-SE. In the region 6 in the Pacifi c Coast, leading shear waves from shallow earthquakes are polarized SE, direction. The discrepancies in orientation between the leading shear wave and the maximum horizontal compression can be result of local crustal heterogeneities.
Embedded Position Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Model Predictive Control

This paper presents an implementation embedded system for position control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The control system consists of raspberry pi 3 as a microcontroller, ASDA-A2 servo drive, and Delta Servo ECMA type. The software design includes simulation tool and Python included on Raspbian OS. Communication between Raspberry Pi 3 and ASDA-A2 drivers using the ASCII Modbus communication protocol. Raspberry Pi 3 processes the reference data and the actual reading result and calculates the resulting error. The control algorithm used in this research is Model Predictive Control (MPC). As a Linear Quadratic Regulator, MPC aims to design and generate an optimal control signal with the ability to anticipate saturation, receding horizon, future event and take control accordingly In the design of the MPC technique to adjust the speed of the PMSM to take action of reference tracking, performance index optimization is done by adjusting the value of weighting horizon N, Q and R. The simulation and implementation results showed that the PMSM can reach the stability point on each desired setpoint and result in a near-zero steady-state error.
A study of the ionogram derived effective scale height around the ionospheric hm F2

Abstract. The diurnal, seasonal, and solar activity variations of the ionogram derived scale height around the ionospheric F-layer peak (Hm) are statistically analyzed at Wuhan (114.4° E, 30.6° N) and the yearly variations of Hm are also investigated for Wuhan and 12 other stations where Hm data are available. Hm, as a measure of the slope of the topside electron number density profiles, is calculated from the bottomside electron density profiles derived from vertical sounding ionograms using the UMLCAR SAO-Explorer. Results indicate that the value of median Hm increases with increasing solar flux. Hm is highest in summer and lowest in winter during the daytime, while it exhibits a much smaller seasonal variation at night. A common feature presented at these 13 stations is that Hm undergoes a yearly annual variation with a maximum in summer during the daytime. The annual variation becomes much weaker or disappears from late night to pre-sunrise. In addition, a moderate positive correlation is found between Hm with hmF2 and a strong correlation between the bottomside thickness parameter B0 and Hm. The latter provides a new and convenient way for empirical modeling the topside ionospheric shape only from the established B0 parameter set.