Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of background music on emotional processing : evaluation using a dot probe paradigm

Music plays an important role in all of the world's cultures, and background music is an everpresent phenomenon. Despite this, few studies have formally addressed whether background music influences the way people think. The aim of this study was to discover whether the presence of background music can influence cognition. Specifically, the differential effects of music rated as being positive (inducing happy emotions) and negative (inducing anxiety) on a person's allocation of attention was investigated. A dot probe task with positive and negative word pairings, matched for length and frequency was used in order to test the hypotheses that the presence of negative music would increase a person's tendency to notice threatening words, and happy music would decrease this tendency. Each participant performed the task in silence. Following this, they were required to perform the task again in the presence of positive background music, and then again in the presence of negative background music. The mean reaction times for each of the musical conditions was recorded and compared. The data failed to support these hypotheses. It was concluded that if positive and negative background music does differentially influence attention, it happens at a later processing stage rather than at the initial orienting stage. Future research directions are briefly discussed. MUSIC AND EMOTIONAL PROCESSING iii COPYRIGHT AND ACCESS DECLARATION I certify that this thesis does not, to the best of my knowledge and belief: (i) Incorporate without acknowledgement any material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any institution of higher education; (ii) Contain any material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the text; or (iii) Contain any defamatory material. (iv) Contain any data that has not been collected in a manner consistent with ethics approval
Effect of Aging on Mechanical Properties and Machining on Aluminum Alloys

This study investigated the effects of aging process on the mechanical properties and machinability in AA6013and AA6082 aluminum alloys. To this end, AA6013 and AA6082 aluminum alloy samples were maintained in heat treatment furnace at 530 o C (for 8 hours) and placed in hot water (at 70 o C), and then subjected to aging process by storing in heat treatment furnace (at 180 o C) for different times (1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours). Changes in the mechanical properties and machinability properties of samples that underwent aging process were investigated. At the end of the aging process, an increase was observed in mechanical properties of aluminum alloys. Depending on the increase in aging time, a rise was found in cutting forces occurred during the machining of alloy. High mechanical properties were obtained at the end of the 6-hour aging process in aluminum alloys. A significant increase was observed between mechanical properties obtained at the end of 6hour aging time and machinability properties with values obtained at the end of 24 hours. KeywordsMachining, Aging, AA6013 AA6082 aluminum alloys, mechanical properties
Epigenetic Modifications and Potential Treatment Approaches in Lung Cancers

Alteration of methylation is a process seen across a wide variety of species ranging from bacterial microorganisms to mammals, defined as the adaptation method the organism develops against environmental or intrinsic effects, or employs to switch off the genome regions which are no longer required through the evolutionary process. Scientific advance ments have allowed detecting the regions that undergo different patterns of methylation. It has been demonstrated that the control on changes in gene expression is not guided by transcription factors alone and that epigenetic alterations are also involved in this process. Furthermore, epigenetic modifications have been shown to be considerably important in cancer development. This section focuses on epigenetic changes and potential treatment options in lung cancer.
Inverse statistical learning

Let (X, Y ) ∈ X × Y be a random couple with unknown distribution P . Let G be a class of measurable functions and l a loss function. The problem of statistical learning deals with the estimation of the Bayes: g = argmin g∈G EP l(g, (X, Y )). In this paper, we study this problem when we deal with a contaminated sample (Z1, Y1), . , (Zn, Yn) of i.i. d. indirect observations. Each input Zi, i = 1, . , n is distributed from a density Af , where A is a known compact linear operator and f is the density of the direct input X. We derive fast rates of convergence for the excess risk of empirical risk minimizers based on regularization methods, such as deconvolution kernel density estimators or spectral cut-off. These results are comparable to the existing fast rates in Koltchinskii (2006) for the direct case. It gives some insights into the effect of indirect measurements in the presence of fast rates of convergence. AMS 2000 subject classifications: Primary 62G05; secondary 62H30.
Performance of Japanese MNEs in Developed Countries: The Case of Europe and USA

In order to be successful in the foreign market, it is vital to companies to have enough resources and flexibility and decide which appropriate mode of entry to use for penetrating the foreign market. The determinant of performance is an area of interest to researchers in the field of international business. Several studies have explored the impact of various factors on the success of MNE. Five hypotheses were formulated and tested on a sample of 492 Japanese companies in Europe and USA. A binomial regression was performed to test the hypotheses. The dependent variable was the overall performance satisfaction of the affiliate. The results show that firms with technological capabilities, having previous experience in the same country and investing in resource-based industries are performing better.
Determinants of knowledge and awareness about AIDS: Urban-rural differentials in Bangladesh

This study utilized data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2004 to identify the determinants of knowledge about AIDS for women of urban and rural areas of Bangladesh, bi-variate and multivariate logistic regression methods were employed in analyzing data. This study found that a wider gap exists between urban and rural areas regarding knowledge about AIDS, where every 8 out of 10 urban women know about AIDS but almost half of the rural women still do not know about AIDS. Mass media play a major role for growing awareness about AIDS in both of these areas. In the urban area 61.6 percent women knew at least one correct way to avoid AIDS but rural women are in miserable condition because the corresponding figure for rural women was only 31.3% that means 37.7 and 67.7% among urban and rural women respectively still did not know how to avoid AIDS. Binary logistic regression method shows that education, occupation, ever use of contraception, currently using condom, permission to go to hospital/health center, mass media exposure, region of residence and wealth index significantly influence the knowledge about AIDS among rural women, whereas, in the urban areas except occupation and currently using condom all these remaining variables appear as the significant predictors of knowledge about AIDS. Key words: AIDS, mass media, Bangladesh, logistic regression analysis.
SUPPRESSION OF PARALLEL TRANSPORT IN TURBULENT MAGNETIZED PLASMAS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE NON-THERMAL AND THERMAL ASPECTS OF SOLAR FLARES

The transport of the energy contained in electrons, both thermal and suprathermal, in solar flares plays a key role in our understanding of many aspects of the flare phenomenon, from the spatial distribution of hard X-ray emission to global energetics. Motivated by recent RHESSI observations that point to the existence of a mechanism that confines electrons to the coronal parts of flare loops more effectively than Coulomb collisions, we here consider the impact of pitch-angle scattering off turbulent magnetic fluctuations on the parallel transport of electrons in flaring coronal loops. It is shown that the presence of such a scattering mechanism in addition to Coulomb collisional scattering can significantly reduce the parallel thermal and electrical conductivities relative to their collisional values. We provide illustrative expressions for the resulting thermoelectric coefficients that relate the thermal flux and electrical current density to the temperature gradient and the applied electric field. We then evaluate the effect of these modified transport coefficients on the flare coronal temperature that can be attained, on the post-impulsive-phase cooling of heated coronal plasma, and on the importance of the beam-neutralizing return current on both ambient heating and the energy loss rate of accelerated electrons. We also discuss the possible ways in which anomalous transport processes have an impact on the required overall energy associated with accelerated electrons in solar flares.
Potential of Cash Waqf for Poverty Alleviation in Malaysia: A System Dynamics Approach (Potensi Wakaf Tunai bagi Pembasmian Kemiskinan di Malaysia: Pendekatan Sistem Dinamik)

Poverty alleviation has always been one of the top agendas in any country, including Malaysia. This is evidenced from the spending of the government for the purpose of uplifting the income of the poor. The objective of this paper is therefore to explore alternative tool in eradicating poverty, specifically in Malaysia, by exploring the role of cash waqf. This paper examines the potential impact of cash waqf on the Malaysian economy. Cash waqf is specifically analysed in this paper as an alternative instrument that can improve the overall social welfare system and reduce poverty rate; and at the same time, lessen the burden of the government. To analyse the potential of cash waqf model in a dynamic system, this study employs system dynamics methodology. The feedback nature of the whole system is modelled and outputs in the form of figures are derived from simulations. With two different cases (i.e. set of assumptions) under study, the model simulations show that cash waqf is significant in alleviating poverty by up to 50 per cent for both cases. Apart from that, government spending can also be significantly reduced. Total savings can go over RM13 billion or an average of RM433 million a year over 30 years. Given the findings, the government can take into account the potential of implementing cash waqf in Malaysia.
Response and Manuscript Revision Sonya Fiddes April 2018

Natural aerosol emission represents one of the largest uncertainties in our understanding of the radiation budget. Sulfur emitted by marine organisms, as dimethyl sulfide (DMS), constitutes one-fifth of the global sulfur budget and yet the distribution, fluxes and fate of DMS remain poorly constrained. This study evaluates the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS) United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosol (UKCA) model in terms of cloud fraction, radiation and precipitation, and then quantifies the role of DMS in the chemistry-climate system. We find that ACCESS5 UKCA has similar cloud and radiation biases to other global climate models. By removing all, or alternatively significantly enhancing marine DMS, we find a top of atmosphere radiative effect of 1.7 and -1.4Wm 2 respectively. The largest responses to these DMS perturbations (removal/enhancement) are in stratiform cloud decks in the Southern Hemisphere’s eastern ocean basins. These regions show significant differences in low-cloud (-9/+6%), surface incoming shortwave radiation (+7/-5Wm 2) and large-scale rainfall (+15/-10%). We demonstrate a precipitation suppression effect of DMS-derived aerosol in stratiform 10 cloud deck regions due to DMS, coupled with an increase in low cloud fraction. The difference in low cloud fraction is an example of the aerosol lifetime effect. Globally, we find a sensitivity of temperature to annual DMS flux of 0.027 and 0.019K per Tg year 1 of sulfur, respectively. Other areas of low cloud formation, such as the Southern Ocean and stratiform cloud decks in the Northern Hemisphere, have a relatively weak response to DMS perturbations. We highlight the need for greater understanding of the DMS-climate cycle within the context of uncertainties and biases of climate models as well as those of 15 DMS-climate observations.
Bacterial Diversity in an Amazonian Mangrove Ecosystem

Mangroves form a transition zone among terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments, and they host a striking diversity of macro- and microorganisms. In recent years, increasing anthropogenic impacts have caused widespread degradation of mangrove environments. To analyze the bacterial diversity of Salina Lake, an artificial body of water located in the mangroves of eastern Amazonia, total DNA was extracted from sediment and water samples that were collected from three sites (P1, P2, P3) located within the lake. The 16S rRNA gene was partially amplified, separated using the Denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography (DHPLC) method, and sequenced. The DHPLC profiles were quite distinct for the different aquatic and sedimentary bacterial communities. The most abundant groups (> 70%) at all sampled locations were Proteobacteria and unclassified bacteria, but other phyla were also identified, including Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Siprochaetes and TM7 . A total of 24, 15, and 23 OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) were observed in the water samples from P1, P2, and P3, respectively, whereas the sediment samples returned 29, 34, and 52 OTUs. This is the first analysis performed on the bacterial diversity of Salina Lake, which was created by the construction of a highway within a protected mangrove area.
Nebular emission and the Lyman continuum photon escape fraction in CALIFA early-type galaxies

PP is supported by Ciencia 2008 Contract, funded by FCT/MCTES (Portugal) and POPH/FSE (EC), and J.M. G. by a Post-Doctoral grant, funded by FCT/MCTES (Portugal) and POPH/FSE (EC). P.P. and J.M. G. acknowledge support by the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) under project FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-029170 (Reference FCT PTDC/FIS-AST/3214/2012), funded by FCT-MEC (PIDDAC) and FEDER (COMPETE). I.M. acknowledges support from Spanish grant AYA2010-15169 and the Junta de Andalucia through TIC-114 and the Excellence Project P08-TIC-03531. J.F. -B. from the Ramon y Cajal Program, grants AYA2010-21322-C03-02 and AIB-2010-DE-00227 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), as well as from the FP7 Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission, via the Initial Training Network DAGAL under REA grant agreement n° 289313.
The Role of Negative Affectivity and Emotion Regulation in Reciprocal Incivility

THE ROLE OF NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY AND EMOTION REGULATION IN RECIPROCAL INCIVILITY Ashlyn Patterson Advisor: University of Guelph, 2013 Dr. M. Gloria González-Morales The current study explored the relationships between incivility, negative affect, and emotion regulation styles using an experimental design. Participants were provoked by a confederate and then given opportunities to retaliate. The experiential manipulation impacted participants in different ways, necessitating an internal analysis (N = 101). In a hierarchical regression, reappraisal and condition moderated the relationship between the amount of respect perceived and feelings of negative affect, such that less respect was associated with more negative affect only for those low in reappraisal for those in the experimental condition. A posthoc model of moderated mediation extending these effects to include measures of enacted incivility was tested. Partial support was found for this model depending on the type of enacted incivility, such that more disrespect was associated with more negative affect and that leads to more enacted incivility, but only for those low in reappraisal. Limitations and future research directions are presented.
Microleakage of Glass Ionomers Temporary Restorations in Indirect Pulp Treatment: An in vitro Study

Purpose: To compare the degrees of marginal microleakage undergone by different intermediate materials used for provisional restoration in indirect pulp treatment: glass ionomers (Ketac TM Fil Plus (3M ESPE), Ketac TM Molar Easy Mix (3M ESPE), Fuji IX TM GP (GC)) and zinc oxide eugenol. Materials and methods: Twenty young permanent premolars, extracted for orthodontic reasons, were prepared by creating Class II cavities and then divided into four groups according to the material used for pulp capping. The materials were applied following the manufacturers' instructions and stained with methylene blue at 2% to evaluate microleakage. Results: Results were evaluated applying variance analysis (ANOVA). It was found that glass ionomers showed better outcomes than zinc oxide eugenol, with Fuji IX TM GP and Ketac TM Molar Easy Mix producing the best results. Conclusion: For indirect pulp capping, glass ionomer is a favorable material for reducing one of the main causes of treatment failure - microleakage - although there are differences between brands.
PREPARATION OF THE POLYCRYSTALLINE COPPER PHOTOCATHODES FOR VELA RF PHOTOCATHODE GUN

The Versatile Electron Linear Accelerator (VELA) is a high performance electron accelerator under commissioning at ASTeC. The photoinjector of the accelerator is based on a S-band photocathode RF gun operating with a copper photocathode which is driven by a third harmonic of a Ti: Sapphire laser (266 nm). The photocathode used in the RF gun is an integrated part of the gun cavity which is a polycrystalline Cu disk, polished to 1µm roughness, and is placed at the back wall of the first half cell in the gun cavity. One of the main aims was to establish a procedure to activate the Cu surface prior to installation. In order to do this Cu test samples with a roughness of 0.1 µm were prepared by different techniques. The best results have been obtained by ex-situ plasma cleaning in an oxygen atmosphere. Analysis shows that there was no carbon on the surface and the surface was composed of copper oxide. After heating the sample in-situ to 200 C for 30 minutes almost all the surface oxide was removed. For this surface a QE of 2x10 -5 was measured. Further heating to higher temperature did not result in any improvement either in surface composition nor a noticeable increase in QE. The VELA Cu cathode has been prepared in such a way and helped deliver 1 st electrons from.
Trade and Innovation: Pharmaceuticals

Globalisation in the pharmaceuticals sector is entering a new phase. Many new drugs are marketed globally, and these revenues encourage further investment in research and development (R&D). The industry is undergoing substantial transition, with increased competition and downward pressure on prices. Moreover, there have also been widespread concerns that R&D productivity may be declining in recent years. This study examines how various linkages between trade and innovation work in the pharmaceuticals sector, focusing on the role of globalisation in the current innovation challenges of the pharmaceutical industry. It finds that emerging economies are increasingly important markets for pharmaceutical companies and more active participants in the R&D process. While this is an important part of an effort to reduce R&D costs and to improve R&D performance by established multinationals, this also contributes to upgrading the R&D capability of emerging economies. Various trade facilitating measures have been put in place at the international level, including tariff elimination under the World Trade Organization (WTO), plurilateral and bilateral regulatory harmonisation, mutual recognition and enforcement cooperation, and intellectual property protection. Given the growing participation of emerging economies in this sector, further involvement of emerging economies in these arrangements is likely to become more important to facilitate trade and globalisation of R&D.
The Small, the Young, and the Productive: Determinants of Manufacturing Firm Growth in Ethiopia

This study examines the relationships between firm growth and firm size, age, and labor productivity, using annual census–based panel data on Ethiopian manufacturing firms. The study explicitly addresses the ongoing statistical concerns in firm growth models such as sample censoring, regression to the mean, and unobserved heterogeneity. Our empirical results indicate that firm growth decreases with size. Smaller firms have faster rates of growth than larger firms, even after compensating for their higher attrition rates. The negative relation between age and growth predicted by the learning model is found to apply only to younger firms. Labor productivity affects firm growth positively, which indicates that there is a market selection process at work during the period of economic reforms in Ethiopia.
Anxiety Sensitivity in Patients with Alcohol Dependence: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study

Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) is a cognitive risk and maintenance factor for anxiety disorders, and it consists of three dimensions: Physical concerns, Cognitive concerns, and Social concerns. No study has investigated the role of AS in individuals with Alcohol-Dependence (A-D), comparing a group of patients with Alcohol-Dependence (A-D) to patients with Anxiety Disorders (AD) and healthy individuals on AS dimensions. Specific dimensions of AS might play a role as cognitive vulnerability and maintenance factors also for A-D-related problems. Examination of AS in patients with A-D might inform clinical practice and public health policy suggesting the integration of treatments specifically targeting AS in A-D patients. The current study aimed to explore the relationship between AS dimensions and A-D. One hundred twenty-five participants, including patients with a diagnosis of A-D (n= 35), patients with a diagnosis of any Anxiety Disorder (AD) (n= 40) and healthy individuals as a control group (CG) (n= 50) completed the ASI-3, STAI-Y and BDI-II. After controlling for anxious traits, A-D patients had stronger Social concerns. Physical and Cognitive concerns appeared, however, significantly more severe among the AD group than the other two groups. Given the strong association between Social concerns and A-D, treatments for A-D patients should also target Social concerns. Study limitations, implications for mental health policy and intervention programs are addressed.
Mediating effect of technological innovation on the relationship between HRM, and performance in selected SMEs in Malaysia

The study is to examine the relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM), technological innovation and firm performance among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. The mediating effect of technological innovation on the relationship between HRM and firm performance was also measured. Data was collected by using survey technique to 165 SMEs that participated in the study. The correlation tests in this study indicated that all the variables are significantly related. The technological innovation was found giving partial mediating effect which signifies the importance of inculcating the spirit of technological innovation among SMEs (R2=.402, F=19.338, p<.01). The test also showed that technological innovation (s=.328, p=.000) as the strongest predictor for firm performance and outweighed the explanatory power of the HRM practices. The findings also provide support to resource‐based theory and human capital theory.