Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Niclosamide As a Potential Nonsteroidal Therapy for Endometriosis That Preserves Reproductive Function in an Experimental Mouse Model

ABSTRACT Endometriosis causes severe chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Because the standard medication and surgical treatments of endometriosis show high recurrence of symptoms, it is necessary to improve the current treatment options. In the initial study, we examined whether niclosamide can be a useful drug for treating endometriosis in a preclinical setting. Endometriotic implants were induced using an established mouse model involving transimplantation of mouse endometrial fragments to the peritoneal wall of recipient mice. When the recipient mice were treated with niclosamide for 3 wk, niclosamide reduced the size of endometriotic implants with inhibition of cell proliferation and inflammatory signaling, including RELA (NFKB) and STAT3 activation, but did not alter expression of steroid hormone receptors. To identify genes whose expression is regulated by niclosamide in endometriotic implants, RNA-sequencing was performed, and several genes downregulated by niclosamide were related to inflammatory responses, WNT, and MAPK signaling. In a second study designed to assess whether niclosamide affects reproductive function, the recipient mice started receiving niclosamide after the induction of endometriosis. Then, the recipient mice were mated with wild-type males, and treatments continued until the pups were born. Niclosamide-treated recipient mice became pregnant and produced normal size and number of pups. These results suggest that niclosamide could be an effective therapeutic drug and acts as an inhibitor of inflammatory signaling without disrupting normal reproductive function.
Is Small Really Better? Testing Some Assumptions about High School Size

Several years ago, I was in a meeting with a group of Chicago pub lic school coaches and physical education teachers who were discussing the negative implications of one of Chicago's recent reform initia tives, the construction of smaller high schools. Much like other urban areas, Chicago had begun dismantling some of its large high schools to form smaller entities, with an "optimal" enrollment of 600 students. The coaches were deeply concerned that the small school movement was fostering the elimina tion of school-sponsored athletic teams, which sometimes acted as a magnet for marginal students, encouraging them to complete high school and in some instances enroll in college. From their perspective, intramural teams were unable to fill the void left by school-sponsored teams, which had helped some students obtain postsecondary scholarships and promoted a high school iden tity that instilled pride in the student body. Reflecting on their comments, I was struck by how my work and that of oth ers had championed small schools. Could we have been wrong? Small schools were generally viewed as places that fostered a strong sense of community and encouraged academic achievement and attainment. But many of us had not explored whether small schools were better for all types of students. More specifically, would the consequences of creating small-school environments prove to be detrimental, especially for low-income minority students enrolled in urban high schools?
The alternative sigma factor σE controls antioxidant defences required for Salmonella virulence and stationary‐phase survival

Bacteria must contend with conditions of nutrient limitation in all natural environments. Complex programmes of gene expression, controlled in part by the alternative sigma factors σS (σ38, RpoS) and σH (σ32, RpoH), allow a number of bacterial species to survive conditions of partial or complete starvation. We show here that the alternative sigma factor σE (σ24, RpoE) also facilitates the survival of Salmonella typhimurium under conditions of nutrient deprivation. Expression of the σE regulon is strongly induced upon entry of Salmonella into stationary phase. A Salmonella mutant lacking σE has reduced survival during stationary phase as well as increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. A Salmonella strain lacking both σE and σS is non‐viable after just 24 h in stationary phase, but survival of these mutants is completely preserved under anaerobic stationary‐phase conditions, suggesting that oxidative injury is one of the major mechanisms of reduced microbial viability during periods of nutrient deprivation. Moreover, the attenuated virulence of σE‐deficient Salmonella for mice can be largely restored by genetic abrogation of the host phagocyte respiratory burst, suggesting that the σE regulon plays an important antioxidant role during Salmonella infection of mammalian hosts.
Internationalization as a learning process: Singapore MNCs in China

Executive Overview To face the challenge of increasing global competition, domestic companies need to leverage their strengths overseas. Newcomers to the international arena may encounter difficulties different from those of established multinational corporations (MNCs). This article examines the internationalization process of fledgling MNCs from an organizational learning perspective. The discussion is supported by an empirical study of 19 Singapore companies and their operations in China, including joint ventures and wholly owned subsidiaries. Internationalization is the transfer of a firm's physical and organizational technologies from one country to another. Companies that learn efficiently from their experience are able to expand overseas faster and with fewer mistakes. Managers who are directly involved in establishing and managing foreign operations are agents of learning on behalf of their companies. In order to fully make use of the experiences gained by their managers, the experiences have to b.
Measuring exposure to injury risk in schoolchildren aged 11-14

Abstract Objective : To apply a measure of exposure to injury risk for schoolchildren aged 11-14 across a population and to examine how risk factors vary with sex, age, and affluence. Design : Self completion questionnaire survey administered in schools in May 1990. Setting : 24 schools in Newcastle upon Tyne. Subjects : 5334 pupils aged 11-14, of whom 4637 (87%) completed the questionnaire. Results : Boys were exposed to greater risk than girls in journeys to places to play outdoors: they took longer trips and were more likely to ride bicycles (relative risk 5.30 (95% confidence interval 4.23 to 6.64) and less likely to travel by public transport or car. Younger pupils (aged 11-12) were less exposed to traffic during journeys to and from school: their journeys were shorter, they were less likely to walk (trip to school, relative risk 0.88 (0.83 to 0.94), and they were more likely to travel by car (trip to school, relative risk 1.33 (1.13 to 1.56)) or school bus (1.33 (1.10 to 1.62)). Poorer children were exposed to greater risk than affluent children (from families that owned a car and a telephone): they were less likely to travel to school by car (relative risk 0.26 (0.20 to 0.33)) or to be accompanied by an adult (0.39 (0.32 to 0.48)). Conclusion : Injury risk data can provide useful information on child injury prevention and can be used to identify priorities and target resources for injury prevention on a citywide scale or for an individual school.
Public perceptions of planning objectives for regional level management of wild reindeer in Norway

We examined community perceptions of preferred objectives for wild reindeer management in Southern Norway as the former population-based model is being replaced with an area-based, multi-level regional management model spanning large mountain regions. Communally oriented objectives are favoured over economic benefits to landowners. Environmental attitudes discriminate on many of the issues and can be useful factors in sorting out levels of support for proposed management actions and compromises in land use decisions. The regional reindeer plans create a new political context for land use management across large mountain areas which will require better cooperation among municipalities.
'Knowledge capital' and innovation in global corporations

Currently, the formation and the protection of a knowledge base is of major importance to firms. In this paper, we explain the formation of the firm's 'knowledge capital'. We develop the idea of the existence of a growing contradiction between, on the one hand, the socialisation of the 'knowledge capital', and, on the other hand, the tendency toward its oligopolistic appropriation, which is made easier notably by the evolution of patent laws and practices. This contradiction can be explained by today's profitability imperative and its related necessity to reduce the risk for the cost and the length of technological progress.
Persisting Hallucinations following Childhood Sexual Abuse

Hallucinations can persist for many years after childhood sexual abuse. If we recognise this, we will not mis-diagnose psychosis and we may treat with psychotherapy (talk). The hallucinations are distinct from hallucinations in schizophrenia though patients have frequently been given that diagnosis. They would generally be classified as pseudo-hallucinations. They are generally self-referential. They can involve all sensory modalities. Three case reports illustrate this link. Methods for interviewing and providing ongoing help are discussed. Issues in phenomenology and diagnosis are considered. Posttraumatic stress disorder is the best diagnostic fit, though psychotic depression may explain some cases. Freud's case of Frau P (1896) was an early report of this link.
Agriculture to Instream Water Transfers under Uncertain Water Availability: A Case Study of the Deschutes River, Oregon

Prior appropriations of river flows (primarily to agriculture) have greatly reduced flow in many Oregon streams, causing major changes in stream ecosystems. This study focuses on trade-offs between instream and agricultural uses for the two largest irrigation districts in OregonÂ’'s Deschutes River basin. Both short- and long-term water lease strategies are examined, as are requirements now in place that water leases be accompanied by fallowing land formerly served by the leased water. The low-cost strategies combine canal lining with reductions in farmerÂ’'s per acre water use. Short-term leases are less costly than long-term leases
Short-Run Returns to Scale, Farm-Size, and Economic Efficiency

This paper analyzes the effects of returns to scale, farm-size, technical, allocative, and scale inefficiencies on the profitability of Utah dairy farms. It derives the conditions necessary to compare the profitability of farms within and between different size classifications as small, medium, and large. Some comparative static results regarding increases in input prices and a decrease or withdrawal of price support on profitability of small, medium, and large farms are presented. Copyright 1993 by MIT Press.
Government Subsidized Individual Retirement System

A new private pension scheme where the government makes direct contributions to the retirement accounts has been effective in Turkey since 2013. In this paper we examine the quantitative impacts of this new individual retirement system on the saving rate, capital stock and the long-run welfare of the individuals. We build a multi-period OLG model and simulate an economy with a pension scheme similar to the one in Turkey. Our simulation results reveal that the introduction of this private pension scheme increases the net saving rate by 0.27 percentage points. 23.9 percent of the increase in individual retirement assets constitutes incremental saving. The impact of the new system on physical capital stock is a 15.6 percent rise. According to our long-run welfare analysis, an unborn individual prefers to be born into the economy with individual retirement accounts (IRAs). Our results also suggest that cutting down the fees charged on individual retirement accounts generates a considerable improvement in net saving rate and the stock of physical capital.
Factors Affecting Lodging Career Success: An Analysis of Management Philosophies

This research investigates the impact of lodging professionals' management philosophy practices on career success. The study assesses the practice of management philosophies and examines if these practices differ among respondent groups, as well as explores the influence of practiced philosophies on career success. Findings indicate that differences exist among respondents based on age, property affiliations, and position. Moreover, executives who instill in employees customer-centeredness and engage in open sharing of information with employees experience relatively high monetary success. However, results suggest that lodging professionals' practices of these management philosophies are not rewarded until reaching senior status.
Large Shareholders, Shareholder Proposals, and Firm Performance: Evidence from Japan

Manuscript Type. Empirical. Research Question/Issue. Previous studies, primarily based on evidence from the United States, fail to link shareholder activism to firm performance, with one explanatory factor being that the legal and regulatory system in the United States limits the anti‐director rights of shareholders. This study is motivated by the question of whether legally binding shareholder resolutions can pressure management to improve firm performance and to enhance firm value. Research Findings/Insights. By investigating 135 publicly listed Japanese firms which received shareholder resolutions from 2004 to 2010, this study finds supportive evidence for shareholder proposals. Announcement‐associated abnormal returns are higher for firms receiving election‐related proposals by large sponsors, than those unrelated to board election. Furthermore, an improving trend begins to appear in the post‐resolution year, particularly significant for firms receiving proposals to remove board members. Theoretical/Academic Implications. This study provides new evidence suggesting that large shareholder activism in Corporate Japan can perform roles that used to be played by main banks before the 1990s. It also suggests that in countries where there is no active takeover market, large shareholders can effectively discipline entrenched management through active engagement. Practitioner/Policy Implications. This study offers insights to corporate managers on the importance of communicating with large shareholders and addressing their concerns.
Potential to Sequester Carbon in Canadian Forests: A Reply

In their comment on our paper 'Potential to Sequester Carbon in Canadian Forests,' R.M. Horbulyk and W. Ross take issue with our results on three counts: they claim: (1) Canadian reforestation policies are not a cost-effective means of sequestering carbon (C); (2) Canada cannot be considered a C sink; and (3) Canada should look beyond its borders for cost-effective CO2 abatement strategies. We began this research expecting to confirm Horbulyk and Ross' three premises, particularly the hypothesis that sequestering C is not a cost-efficient means to reduce C accumulation in the atmosphere. The research changed our minds. We will address each issue in turn below.
Firms' Open Innovation Policies, Laboratories' External Collaborations, and Laboratories' R&D Performance

The value of the open innovation approach is now widely recognized, and the practice has been extensively researched, but still very little is known about the relative impact of firm-level and laboratory-level open innovation policies and practices on RD it shows how an open innovation policy can have a positive and significant effect on collaborations between a laboratory and local universities or business organizations. The results also show how an open innovation policy can contribute to the laboratory's R&D performance by facilitating external collaborations by the laboratories. It demonstrates how these factors affect R&D performance in different ways, depending on the type of R&D tasks. Our findings suggest several theoretical and practical implications in the field of R&D management.
Motivations and potential monitoring effects of large shareholders

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to synthesize and evaluate the stream of research that links large shareholders to the production of shared corporate benefits.Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is to review the literature with an emphasis on the development of findings.Findings – The presence of large shareholders is positive only if their incentives are aligned with other owners and they have the power to exert influence. The presence of large shareholders, even those whose interests are aligned with owners, does not always result in stronger governance structures.Research limitations/implications – The research is limited by the existing stream of literature and the completeness of our search process.Practical implications – A synthesis and evaluative summary of the research is presented that may be used by researchers, executives, and board members.Originality/value – From a research viewpoint, effective research designs should incorporate both incentive and power when assessing the mo.
Green Marketing the Chinese Way: Insights From a Medium-Sized High-Tech Daily Chemical Firm

Research on green marketing in China is still underdeveloped. The purpose of this article is to present findings on perception, motivation, and marketing practices of a “daily chemical” firm in China that has successfully adopted a green sustainable business approach. Establishing characteristics of firms that instigate green initiatives, it provides a unique conceptual framework for this study. Findings have confirmed much of the literature on green marketing, while making visible specific categories that challenge some previously-held assumptions within the literature. It provides new insights to green marketing in contexts that are not immediately conductive to green sustainable principle.
Price and Income Responsiveness of World Oil Demand, by Product

Oil demand is estimated using price decomposition terms to analyze the effects of price and income upon world oil demand, disaggregated by product: residual oil (used primarily for generating electricity) and other oil. Equations are estimated for each of six groups of countries, using data from 1971-2006. Most of the demand reductions since 1973-74 were due to fuelswitching away from residual oil, especially in the OECD. Demand for other oil has been much less price-responsive, and has grown almost as rapidly as income. Assuming constant real prices and our estimated elasticities, we project slightly weaker near-term demand growth than the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), but much stronger long-term growth: 17% higher by 2030.
Board Structure and Executive Compensation in the Public Sector: New Zealand Evidence

We provide evidence on the relation between board structure and CEO compensation in public sector corporations in New Zealand. Using a sample of 80 New Zealand public sector companies, we find that similar to private sector studies, CEO compensation is related to board size, whether the CEO sits on the board, and director quality. We also find that a composite measure of board structure is significant. We conclude that, similar to the private sector, board structure is important in constraining CEO pay. Moreover, our results suggest that private sector-style board can be effective in a public sector context.
Effects of the hydrostatic pressure in in vitro beating cardiac syncytia in terms of kinematics (kinetic energy and beat frequency) and syncytia geometrical-functional classification

Many important observations and discoveries in heart physiology have been made possible using the isolated heart method of Langendorff, e.g. the discovery of the very famous Frank-Starling law of the heart. Nevertheless, the Langendorff's method has some limitations and disadvantages such as the probability of preconditioning and a high oxidative stress, leading to the deterioration of the contractile function. To avoid the preceding drawbacks associated to the use of a whole heart, we have alternatively used beating mouse cardiac syncytia cultured in vitro in order to assess the ergotropic and chronotropic effects of both increasing and decreasing hydrostatic pressures. To achieve the preceding aim, we have developed a method based on image processing analysis to evaluate the kinematics of that pressure-loaded beating syncytia starting from the video registration of their contraction movement. We have verified the Frank-Starling law of the heart in in vitro beating cardiac syncytia and we have obtained their geometrical-functional classification. The present method could be used in in vitro studies of beating cardiac patches, as alternative to the Langendorff's heart in biochemical, pharmacological, and physiology studies, and, especially, when the Langendorff's technique is inapplicable. Furthermore, the method could help, in heart tissue engineering and bioartificial heart researches, to “engineer the heart piece by piece”.
Employment Opportunity for Workers Without a College Degree Across the Public, Nonprofit, and For-Profit Sectors

The public and nonprofit sectors are known for providing enhanced employment opportunity to women, persons of color, and parents. The authors ask whether the same is true for workers without college degrees, examining sectoral differences in access to jobs offering fringe benefits, full-time hours, and schedule flexibility. The authors find that the influence of sector and union representation on job quality varies by type of benefit. For example, among public and for-profit employees, union representation is positively associated with benefits availability. Nonprofit employees of either union status have less access to full-time hours, and schedule flexibility is comparably available to all but unionized for-profit workers.
Internationalization and Parliamentary Decision-Making : The Case of Sweden 1970-1985

In this essay we discuss effects of growing interdependence and internationalization upon national political institutions. More exactly we address the question of how these processes are reflected in matters handled by the Standing Committees of the Swedish Parliament. Generally speaking, the proportion of international issues has increased continuously during the 1970s and the early 1980s. The internationalization of parliamentary work has mainly taken place outside the area of "traditional" foreign policy. Even though internationalization is a general phenomenon in the Swedish parliament, the enhancement of international issues is particularly evident in subject areas linked to economic life in general, but issues concerning environmental policy, communications and energy policy also bear the stamp of internationalization. In spite of this internationalization of domestic politics the pattern of relations with actors on the international scene seems to be rather stable. The picture is dominated by international organizations in the Scandinavian region and Western Europe. Traditionally, the principle of consensus has governed Swedish security and defence policy. Our data support this notion. However, international issues outside the area of "traditional" foreign policy do not bear the hallmark of consensus. The level of conflict is considerably higher and has risen, especially during the 1980s. Generally speaking, patterns of conflict in international issues do not deviate from those in "pure" domestic policy. Thus, internationalization has also involved domestication regarding the level of conflict. (Less)