Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ROSE FLOWER (ROSA CHINENSIS JACQ) ON CANDIDA ALBICANS COLONIES IN JELLY (SABOURAUD DEXTROSE AGAR) MEDIA

Background: Approximately 90% of women in Indonesia have the potential to experience fluor albus. Fluor albus is mostly caused by Candida Albicans. Candida Albicans is a fungus that often causes infections on people. Herbal medicine is one alternative that can be used as a raw material for anti-fungial medication of Candida Albicans.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine effectiveness of rose flower (Rosa Chinensis Jacq) on Candida Albicans colonies.Methods: This research was an experimental study with posttest only control group design, using four repetitions with a concentration of 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15% and 17.5%. The hypothesis test used was One-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with a significance level of 0.05. Results: The result shows that 7.5% concentration, the growth of the colonies was 148.75 CFU/ml; at 10% concentration, the growth of the colonies was 123 CFU/ml; at 12.5%, the growth of the colonies was 86 CFU/ml, at 15%, the growth of the colony was 29 CFU/ml; at 17.5 %, the colony growth was 0, so it can be concluded the higher concentration of rose extract, the lower number of Candida Albicans colonies.Conclusion: Rose extract (Rosa Chinensis Jacq) is effective in inhibiting the growth of the Candida Albicans fungus with minimum killing levels of 17.5%. Further studies on toxicity test on rose extracts on Candida Albicans are necessary.
Optical birefringence studies of a binary mixture with the nematic–smectic Ad-re-entrant nematic phase sequence

We report the measurements of birefringence as a function of temperature of a binary system 4-cyanophenyl [4′(4′′-n-heptylphenyl)]benzoate (7CPB) + 4-cyanophenyl 4-nonylbenzoate (9.CN) showing a nematic–smectic Ad-re-entrant nematic phase sequence by means of the optical transmission method. The temperature dependence of the birefringence has been determined from the transmitted intensity data and the orientational order parameters have been calculated. These observations indicate that re-entrant nematic to induced smectic Ad and induced smectic Ad to nematic phase transitions for all the mixtures are of second order. There is a continuous change in the Δn values at the nematic–smectic Ad and smectic Ad-re-entrant nematic phase transitions. However, for some mixtures a slight increase in birefringence on cooling in the vicinity of the smectic Ad-re-entrant nematic transition has been observed. We have also fitted our experimental results with those calculated from the modified McMillan theory as proposed by Luckhurst and Timimi.
Sexual Victimization in Female and Male College Students: Examining the Roles of Alcohol use, Alcohol Expectancies, and Sexual Sensation Seeking

Alcohol and alcohol expectancies relate to sexual victimization. The present study examined these links in a sample of 407 predominantly Hispanic male and female college students, along the Mexico–US border. The study also examined the independent contribution of sexual sensation seeking to the prediction of victimization. Results showed that victimization was associated with alcohol risk, alcohol consumption-related problems, and positive alcohol expectancies. Importantly, sexual sensation seeking independently predicted victimization and did so after controlling for alcohol risk and expectancies. Our results suggest that associations among victimization, alcohol risk, and expectancies generalize to Hispanic women and men. The study's limitations are noted.
A survey of A/D-Converter performance evolution

This paper presents the performance evolution over time for monolithic ADC implementations reported in scientific publications. The survey is based on an exhaustive search of IEEE journals and conferences central to the field from 1974 to 2010 and thus represents a near-exhaustive survey of reported scientific ADC data. Based on the full set of historical data, empirically observed evolution trends are extracted. The trends are used to predict the state-of-the-art specifications of future ADCs and also form a valuable reference and complement to theoretical performance limits derived in other works.
Noncharged amino acid residues at the solvent‐exposed positions in the middle and at the C terminus of the α‐helix have the same helical propensity

It was established previously that helical propensities of different amino acid residues in the middle of α‐helix in peptides and in proteins are very similar. The statistical analysis of the protein helices from the known three‐dimensional structures shows no difference in the frequency of noncharged residues in the middle and at the C terminus. Yet, experimental studies show distinctive differences for the helical propensities of noncharged residues in the middle and in the C terminus in model peptides. Is this a general effect, and is it applicable to protein helices or is it specific to the model alanine‐based peptides? To answer this question, the effects of substitutions at positions 28 (middle residue) and 32 (C2 position at the C terminus) of the α‐helix of ubiquitin on the stability of this protein are measured by using differential scanning calorimetry. The two data sets produce similar values for intrinsic helix propensity, leading to a conclusion that noncharged amino acid residues at the solvent‐exposed positions in the middle and at the C terminus of the α‐helix have the same helical propensity. This conclusion is further supported with an excellent correlation between the helix propensity scale obtained for the two positions in ubiquitin with the experimental helix propensity scale established previously and with the statistical distribution of the residues in protein helices.
Immunocytochemistry and Keratinization in the Epidermis of Crocodilians

Lorenzo Alibardi (2003) Immunocytochemistry and keratinization in the epidermis of crocodilians. Zoological Studies 42(2): 346-356. The distributions of alpha and beta keratins, filaggrin and loricrine are described in crocodilian epidermis by immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Many layers of beta keratin cells are produced in the outer surface of the scutes, but in the hinge region between scales they are reduced to thin cells of alpha keratin. Alpha keratins are expressed mainly in the basal and a few suprabasal layers, but disap- pear in the upper spinosus, prekeratinized and keratinized layers. The production of beta keratin, as studied using an antibody against a chicken scale beta keratin, decreases in hinge regions where alpha keratin, includ- ing weak keratin-AE2, filaggrin-like, and loricrin-like immunoreactivities are seen. These immunoreactivities are probably associated with a common, unknown antigen. Beta keratin is deposited on bundles of tonofilaments and desmosomes in cells of the upper part of the stratum spinosus which are turned into electron-pale beta ker- atin packets with the typical 3-4-nm keratin pattern. Some desmosome remnants are present among beta cells of the stratum corneum. Lipid material is also deposited in early beta-keratinizing cells, especially in the hinge regions where beta keratin is replaced by alpha keratin and thin alpha keratinocytes are produced like in the apteric epidermis of birds. Melanosomes derived from epidermal melanocytes are incorporated in maturing keratinocytes from the lowermost level of the stratum spinosus into the stratum corneum, and this produces the skin pigmentation. Although beta keratinization is similar in both neck (softer scales) and tail verticils (harder scales) a heavier condensation of pale beta packets is present in the larger and spinulated beta cells of the tail epidermis. http://www.sinica. edu.tw/zool/zoolstud/42.2/346.pdf
How do judges learn from precedent ?

Federal appellate judges cite cases by sister circuits. Why is that? Common wisdom holds that judges look to out-of-circuit cases for credible legal arguments -as persuasive precedent. But hard-core adherents of the attitudinal model (Segal and Spaeth 2002) – and certain cynical realists and critical legal studies scholars – might argue that judges decide in accordance with their policy or political preferences and cite cases only to cover up that fact or to legitimize acting out their preferences.
Altered Expression of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Metabolizing Enzymes in Oral Cancer Correlate With Clinicopathological Attributes

ABSTRACT We have determined the gene expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) metabolizing enzymes (SphK1, SphK2, SGPL1, SGPP1, SGPP2, PPAP2A, PPAP2B, and PPAP2C) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues of 50 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Expression of SphK1 and SGPP1 genes was up-regulated significantly in 70% and 75% OSCC tumors respectively. Importantly, expression of SphK2 and PPAP2B was down-regulated in the tumor tissues of 70% OSCC patients. Expression of SphK2 and PPAP2B negatively correlated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging and tumor volume respectively. Furthermore, LPP1 is an independent predictor of TNM staging and lymph node ratio.
Hearing Results of Surgery for Acquired Atresia of the External Auditory Canal.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate short- and long-term hearing results of surgery for acquired atresia of the external auditory canal (EAC) in a large patient cohort and to define preoperative audiometric conditions useful for patient counseling. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Academic tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Seventy-eight ears from 72 patients with postinflammatory acquired atresia of the EAC who underwent canal- and meatoplasty were included. Patients with involvement of the ossicular chain, (syndromic) external ear malformations, or congenital aural atresia were excluded. INTERVENTION Canal- and meatoplasty. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mean pure-tone averages of thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 kHz (PTA0.5,1,2,3) for air conduction (AC), bone conduction, and air-bone gap (ABG) were calculated preoperatively and at short-term (≤0.55 yr) and long-term follow-up (>0.55 yr). Additionally, the numbers of ears with a closed ABG ≤10 dB and ≤20 dB, and with Social hearing (defined as: AC PTA0.5,1,2,3 ≤35 dB) were assessed. RESULTS At short-term follow-up AC PTA0.5,1,2,3 improved by 18 dB. Social hearing was obtained in 81% of the ears. Postoperatively, 35% of the ears had a closed ABG ≤10 dB, 83% was closed ≤20 dB. During follow-up, significant deterioration of 5 to 7 dB occurred for AC thresholds at 0.25, 0.5, and 1 kHz. CONCLUSIONS Surgery for acquired atresia of the EAC is often beneficial. This study suggests overall advantageous surgery when the preoperative indication criteria ABG PTA0.5,1,2,3 >20 dB and AC PTA0.5,1,2,3 >35 dB are applied.
Preconditioning in Hdiv and applications

We consider the solution of the system of linear algebraic equations which arises from the finite element discretization of boundary value problems associated to the differential operator I-grad div. The natural setting for such problems is in the Hilbert space H(div) and the variational formulation is based on the inner product in H(div). We show how to construct preconditioners for these equations using both domain decomposition and multigrid techniques. These preconditioners are shown to be spectrally equivalent to the inverse of the operator. As a consequence, they may be used to precondition iterative methods so that any given error reduction may be achieved in a finite number of iterations, with the number independent of the mesh discretization. We describe applications of these results to the efficient solution of mixed and least squares finite element approximations of elliptic boundary value problems.
Estimating the Prevalence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing Among Collegiate Football Players

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea is a clinical disorder characterized by loud snoring, apneic episodes, and chronic sleep disruption. Collegiate football players exhibit several risk factors for OSA, including large neck circumference and high body mass index, although the prevalence of OSA in this cohort is unknown. METHODS: The STOP-BANG questionnaire was administered at random to members of a collegiate football team and used to stratify the players into high and low risk for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Those who completed the questionnaire were then evaluated for SDB during preseason camp using a single-channel (finger pulse oximetry) photoplethysmography-based device. SDB was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index of ≥5. RESULTS: Of 56 players who underwent overnight photoplethysmography monitoring, valid results were available for 51. Forty-eight percent of the players were high-risk (neck size = 44.6 ± 2.2 cm, body mass index = 33.0 ± 5.4) versus low-risk (neck size = 41.4 ± 2.8 cm, body mass index = 27.6 ± 3.6) (both P values <.001). An apnea-hypopnea index of ≥5 was found in 2 (8.3%, 95% CI 1.0–20.0%) high-risk and 2 (7.7, 95% CI 1.0–18.4%) low-risk players. Two offensive linemen, a linebacker, and a tight end accounted for the positive cases. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our sample, we estimate the prevalence of SDB among collegiate football players to be 8%, regardless of risk stratification. Given the strong link between SDB and cardiovascular disease, these data underscore the importance of screening and subsequent treatment of SDB in this highly conditioned yet potentially vulnerable group of athletes.
A British Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne artiellia n.sp.

Roots of oats grown on sandy loam in Norfolk were observed by E. B. Brown of the National Agricultural Advisory Service, Cambridge, to have small galls associated with proliferation of the lateral roots. Close examination showed the presence of female Meloidogyne in the galls. The nematodes differed in some respects from the generally-known species and specimens were sent to the author for study.
Lens of the eye: radiation dose in balloon dacryocystoplasty.

PURPOSE To evaluate the absorbed radiation dose to the lens of the eye, which is the critical organ in the primary beam during fluoroscopically guided transluminal balloon dilation of the lacrimal drainage system (balloon dacryocystoplasty) for obstructive epiphora and to evaluate the possibility of deterministic radiation effect on the lens. MATERIALS AND METHODS The radiation dose to the lens of the eye during balloon dacryocystoplasty (which includes pre- and postintervention dacryocystography) was measured in 10 consecutive patients by using thermoluminescent dosimeters on the lids of both eyes as close as possible to the lenses. A C-arm angiographic unit coupled with a digital imaging system was used, with similar exposure and geometric parameters in all cases. RESULTS The mean radiation dose to the lens of the treated eye was 4.6 mGy +/- 2.2 (dose range, 1.9-9.1 mGy) and to that of the untreated eye was 38.5 mGy +/- 17.5 (dose range, 14.7-67.8 mGy). CONCLUSION The lens of the untreated eye receives a higher dose than that of the treated eye because of its closer proximity to the x-ray tube in a lateral projection. In the lens, even the highest measured radiation dose (67.8 mGy) still was well below the deterministic threshold for lens opacity and cataract formation.
Watt-Level Output Power Operation From Diode-Laser Pumped Circular Buried Depressed-Cladding Waveguides Inscribed in Nd:YAG by Direct Femtosecond-Laser Writing

Circular buried depressed-cladding waveguides have been inscribed in Nd:YAG ceramic media by direct writing with a femtosecond-laser beam. A classical step-by-step translation of the medium method, as well as a newly developed helical-moving technique, were employed to fabricate waveguides with 100-μm diameter. Laser emission has been obtained under the pump with a fiber-coupled diode laser. Continuous-wave output power of 3.1 W at 1.06 μm and 1.6 W at 1.3 μm were achieved from a waveguide inscribed by helical movement in a 4.5-mm-long 1.1-at. % Nd:YAG; the overall optical-to-optical efficiency with respect to the absorbed pump power was 0.31 at 1.06 μm and 0.17 at 1.3 μm. Q-switch operation has been realized with Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber crystal. Using Cr4+:YAG with initial transmission of 0.90, an average output power of 680 mW has been measured from a waveguide that was written by the classical method in a 7.7-mm-long 1.1-at. % Nd:YAG ceramic. The laser pulse energy was 19.7 μJ, and the pulse peak power reached 7 kW.
Measurement of respiratory system compliance and respiratory system resistance in healthy dogs undergoing general anaesthesia for elective orthopaedic procedures.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate normal values for the dynamic compliance of the respiratory system (Crs) and respiratory system resistance (Rrs) in mechanically ventilated anaesthetized dogs. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS Forty healthy dogs undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery. Body weight was (mean ± SD) 26.8 ± 10.7 kg (range: 1.9-45.0 kg), age 4.7 ± 2.9 years (range: 0.1-10.6 years). METHODS Dogs were premedicated with acepromazine and methadone administered intramuscularly and anaesthesia induced with propofol intravenously. After endotracheal intubation the dog's lungs were connected to an appropriate breathing system depending on body weight and isoflurane in oxygen administered for maintenance of anaesthesia. The lungs were ventilated mechanically with variables set to maintain normocapnia (end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration 4.7-6.0 kPa). Peak inspiratory pressure, Crs, Rrs, tidal volume, respiratory rate and positive end-expiratory pressure were recorded at 5, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after start of mechanical ventilation. Cardiovascular variables were recorded at time of collection of respiratory data. RESULTS General additive modeling revealed the following relationships: Crs =[0.895 × body weight (kg)] + 8.845 and Rrs=[-0.0966 × body weight (kg)] + 6.965. Body weight and endotracheal tube diameter were associated with Crs (p<0.001 and p=0.002 respectively) and Rrs (p=0.017 and p=0.002 respectively), body weight being linearly related to Crs and inversely to Rrs. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Body weight was linearly related to Crs while Rrs has an inverse linear relationship with body weight in mechanically ventilated dogs. The derived values of Crs and Rrs may be used for monitoring of lung function and ventilation in healthy dogs under anaesthesia.
Network flow problems with secure multiparty computation

In this PhD dissertation, we investigate how to solve some classical combinatorial optimization problems in network flows and their applications, using secure multiparty computation. Our study highlights the differences between traditional and secure adaptations of some algorithms to later test its implementation. It also explores various trade-offs between performance and security. We provide protocols that can be used as building blocks to solve more complex problems. Additionally, we report on practical applications, more specifically, we study the problem of securely building auction mechanisms with transmission constraints. We focus on improving performance for real life applications. We report on the design of a specific Object Oriented implementation of the necessary secure multiparty computation protocols used for the experimentation on practical applications. Areas of interest for our work can be found in: auction markets, communication networks, routing data from rival company hubs, distribution problems, amongst others.
Plasma prostaglandin E2 concentrations after single dose administration of ketorolac tromethamine (Toradol) in dogs.

Ketorolac tromethamine (Toradol) is a relatively new, potent, non-narcotic analgesic with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activity and has been associated with gastric and renal toxicity in people and dogs. The objectives of this study were to establish whether endogenous PGE2 exists in the plasma of healthy dogs and to determine if, and to what magnitude, ketorolac alters PGE2 plasma concentrations after administration. Enzyme immunoassay measurement of a stable PGE2 derivative, bicyclo PGE2, showed that after i.v. administration of 0.5 mg/kg ketorolac tromethamine, 1 and 24 h plasma samples contained significantly (P < or = 0.01) less PGE2 than did plasma samples collected from dogs before the drug treatment. After p.o. administration, 1 h plasma samples contained significantly (P < or = 0.01) less PGE2 than did pretreatment samples, and the 24 h post-drug administration samples contained significantly (P < or = 0.01) less plasma PGE2 than the 96 h plasma samples. The results of this study suggest that a clinically effective single i.v. or p.o. dose of ketorolac tromethamine to healthy dogs causes a significant but reversible decrease in endogenous PGE2 production which may partially explain the drug's low therapeutic index.
Genetic Toggling of Alkaline Phosphatase Folding Reveals Signal Peptides for All Major Modes of Transport across the Inner Membrane of Bacteria*

Prediction of export pathway specificity in prokaryotes is a challenging endeavor due to the similar overall architecture of N-terminal signal peptides for the Sec-, SRP- (signal recognition particle), and Tat (twin arginine translocation)-dependent pathways. Thus, we sought to create a facile experimental strategy for unbiased discovery of pathway specificity conferred by N-terminal signals. Using a limited collection of Escherichia coli strains that allow protein oxidation in the cytoplasm or, conversely, disable protein oxidation in the periplasm, we were able to discriminate the specific mode of export for PhoA (alkaline phosphatase) fusions to signal peptides for all of the major modes of transport across the inner membrane (Sec, SRP, or Tat). Based on these findings, we developed a mini-Tn5 phoA approach to isolate pathway-specific export signals from libraries of random fusions between exported proteins and the phoA gene. Interestingly, we observed that reduced PhoA was exported in a Tat-independent manner when targeted for Tat export in the absence of the essential translocon component TatC. This suggests that initial docking to TatC serves as a key specificity determinant for Tat-specific routing of PhoA, and in its absence, substrates can be rerouted to the Sec pathway, provided they remain compatible with the Sec export mechanism. Finally, the utility of our approach was demonstrated by experimental verification that four secreted proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis carrying putative Tat signals are bona fide Tat substrates and thus represent potential Tat-dependent virulence factors in this important human pathogen.
Production of mushroom protein hydrolysates by enzymatic hydrolysis and their physicochemical properties

The selected mushrooms (Oyster mushroom, Abalone mushroom and Shiitake mushroom) were hydrolysed with papain enzyme at 50๐ C for the different time (6, 12, 18 and 24 hours) to get the mushroom protein hydrolysates (Oyster mushroom, OMPH; Abalone mushroom, AMPH; Shiitake mushroom, SHMPH), respectively. The result showed that degree of hydrolysis (%DH), total soluble solids (%TSS), sodium chloride (%NaCl), %nitrogen, %protein and free amino acid content of all mushroom protein hydrolysates (MPHs) increased whereas pH value decreased with the increasing extraction time. The optimum MPHs production related with the suitable hydrolysis time and %DH. The hydrolysis timing to produce the highest %DH of OMPH, AMPH and SHMPH (46.54, 38.15 and 25.75) with papain were 18, 18 and 24 hours and provide the highest total amino acid content (mg/100 ml) at 384, 157 and 110, respectively. Based on this result, there is a possibility that Oyster mushroom, Abalone mushroom and Shiitake mushroom can be produced the vegetable protein extracts using the enzymatic hydrolysis process and rendering the useful ingredient for further food and nutraceutical applications.