Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Nordic experience revisited: labour market booms and slumps since the 1990s in Finland and Sweden

Purpose - This paper aims to provide an account of the unemployment performance of two Nordic countries during their recent labour market booms and slumps. Design/methodology/approach - Based on the empirical models of Karanassou Findings - The analysis yields two main findings. First, the capital stock was the most important determinant of the unemployment trajectory in both countries. This result appears in all periods considered: in the slump of the early 1990s and the boom of the late 1990s, as well as in the stabilisation period of the early 2000s. Second, the role of the foreign sector on the unemployment trajectory was significant in Finland, its quantitative impact being one-third of the effect for the capital stock in the first and third periods, and half of the latter in the second period. Originality/value - The results illustrate the importance of non-standard labour market variables in examining unemployment trajectories. The findings call for a wider than usual perspective in trying to solve the unemployment problem.
Exposure Density in Relation to Learning and Retention in EFL

The present study investigates the effect of different exposure densities on third grade Iranian junior high school (IJHS) students’ EFL development and retention. It also attempts to explore whether there is any differential performance due to type of postexposure assessment tasks (recognition vs. written production). Performances of five groups of learners receiving equal amount of exposure to EFL knowledge with different densities over different time spans were compared on both recognition and written production tasks. The results of the repeated measures analysis of variance and paired sample tests reveal that there seems to be a threshold exposure density for development of structure production, as well as for the retention of total EFL and vocabulary production. Analyses of variance for the five groups were performed on the raw scores obtained for a pre-test and two post-tests. The results further reveal significant differences for acquisition and retention of the target EFL knowledge among different groups. The results also suggest different optimal exposure densities for the target EFL knowledge development and retention.
Effects of probiotic yoghurt consumption on the serum cholesterol levels in hypercholestromic cases in Shiraz, Southern Iran.

This study was conducted to see the effects of probiotic yoghurt on serum cholesterol levels. About 4% of the deaths in Iran are due to cardiovascular diseases and hypercholesterolemia is among the aggravating factors. Diet therapy and cholesterol lowering agents are the treatments recommended. Probiotics are being investigated as cholesterol lowering agents. The study was carried out with 46 individuals with cholesterol levels between 200 - 304 mg/dl. Initially, they received 200 ml/day sterilized milk for 4 weeks and were instructed not to consume yoghurt. At the beginning, blood samples were collected for measuring total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL (Low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (High-density lipoprotein) levels. Group A received 300 g/day probiotic yoghurt and group B received normal yoghurt of the same amount for 6 weeks. Again blood samples were collected and analyzed. In the next round, the groups reversed their consumption patterns. Again blood samples were collected and analyzed. The results were indicative of the reducing effects of probiotic yoghurt on total cholesterol and LDL levels and raising effect on HDL. The difference between the reduced levels of LDL in both treatments was statistically significant. Consumption of the probiotic yoghurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacteriaresults in the decreased total cholesterol and LDL and increased HDL. Key words: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacteria, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL.
Congestion policy and public acceptability in practice: Lessons from Stockholm on the role of choice

This paper analyses the role of choice in forming policies and popular opinion of road pricing. The studied process is the transformation of congestion pricing in Stockholm from a life-size trial to a permanent tax introduced in August 2007. The aim of the analysis is to make the knowledge gained from practical acceptance operational as guidance to policy action. A main obstacle to road pricing is the acceptability barrier leading to political constraints regarding not only the level of sophistication of the scheme but the very introduction. Acceptability research has, as yet, focused on acceptability of a simulated scheme and revealed an overall low degree of support. Experimental research on cognitive processes exposes different aspects by confronting people with the real costs and benefits of decisionmaking regarding traveling and acceptance of a policy demanding a change in behaviour. The analysis is based on literature analysis and the testing of one theory of policy choice against the chronicle of events in Stockholm. The aim is to make some first steps towards defining the specific features of policy and acceptance in the field of transport. The inertia resulting from habit formation and the fact of having a choice or not over the introduction of road pricing proves interesting hypothesis to explain the dynamic nature of acceptance. Thus, the policy choice and acceptability are interrelated in a way that makes their joint treatment of essence when working towards an understanding of practical acceptance of congestion pricing.
Deviance in early child bilingualism

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High-energy irradiation and mass loss rates of hot Jupiters in the solar neighborhood

Giant gas planets in close proximity to their host stars experience strong irradiation. In extreme cases photoevaporation causes a transonic, planetary wind and the persistent mass loss can possibly affect the planetary evolution. We have identified nine hot Jupiter systems in the vicinity of the Sun, in which expanded planetary atmospheres should be detectable through Lyman alpha transit spectroscopy according to predictions. We use X-ray observations with Chandra and XMM-Newton of seven of these targets to derive the high-energy irradiation level of the planetary atmospheres and the resulting mass loss rates. We further derive improved Lyman alpha luminosity estimates for the host stars including interstellar absorption. According to our estimates WASP-80 b, WASP-77 b, and WASP-43 b experience the strongest mass loss rates, exceeding the mass loss rate of HD 209458 b, where an expanded atmosphere has been confirmed. Furthermore, seven out of nine targets might be amenable to Lyman alpha transit spectroscopy. Finally, we check the possibility of angular momentum transfer from the hot Jupiters to the host stars in the three binary systems among our sample, but find only weak indications for increased stellar rotation periods of WASP-77 and HAT-P-20.
Aberration in the Path of Eruption of the Mandibular Permanent Second Molar

Objectives: The purpose of this report isto describe aberration in the eruption path of the mandibular permanent second molars. Usually they present with an un explainable angulation during their pre-eruptive stages, resulting in impaction. In addition, the prevalence and distribution of mandibular second molar impaction in orthodontically treated children is presented and discussed. Materials and methods: Panoramic radiographs of 3500 consecutively treated patients, age 11-15 years, were used to evaluate the eruption stage,as well as the angulation and space available for the mandibular permanent second molars. Results: A total of 62 impacted mandibular second molars were detected in 49 patients, presenting a prevalence rate of 1.4%. 36 (58%) of these were unilateral and 26 (42%) were bilateral, most of them (88%) mesially angulated. The unexpected and unpredictable change in the eruption path of four mandibular second molars, resulting in their impaction, is presented. Conclusions: Change in the path of eruption of the mandibular second molar was detected from sequential radiographic examination. The great majority of them were mesially angulated. The factors causing their angulation change that may lead to impaction are still obscure. A prevalence of 1.4% for mandibular second molar impaction was found in the large sample analyzed in our study
Standing Alfvn Waves in the Magnetosphere

Transverse, low-frequency oscillations in the magnetic field have been recorded in the equatorial plane at 6.6 Rr (earth radii) with the UCLA magnetometer on board ATS 1. The oscillations have peak-to-peak amplitudes of 2 to 20 y and have been observed predominantly on geomagnetically quiet days in the morning and noon quadrants. The fluctuations are very nearly monochromatic, and those with periods ranging from 50 to 300 sec have been studied. This paper reports on observations made during January 1967, when 25 separate events were recorded with durations ranging from 10 to 400 min. The oscillations could be grouped into two period ranges, one centered about T _-190 sec and the other about T _-102 sec. The oscillations were confined to a plane that was approximately perpendicular to the main magnetic field vector. They were generally elliptically polarized in this plane, with the major axis of the polarization ellipse typically inclined eastward at an angle of _30 ø to the radially outward direction. An MHD analysis is given for an idealized model in which the earth is considered a perfect conductor, the background magnetic field is that of a dipole, and the plasma density varies as a power law. For the case of a standing Alfv•n wave the poloidal and toroidal wave equations uncouple. These equations are solved numerically, and the eigenfrequencies appropriate to the synchronous orbit are tabulated for the first six harmonics for seven density models. From the results of the analysis it is argued that the observed transverse oscillations are the second harmonic of a standing Alfv•n wave. Under this interpretation the data are consistent with the hypothesis that the plasmapause is beyond 6.6 RE only during very quiet periods.
Sex ratio of breeding Common toads (Bufo bufo) – influence of survival and skipped breeding

Anuran sex ratio at breeding sites is typically male biased. Such sex ratios may be due to poor female survival, to females not breeding as frequently as males and/or to males becoming sexually mature earlier than females. In the present study, the first two factors are analyzed in a common toad (Bufo bufo) population in southern Sweden. Toads were captured, marked and recaptured at the breeding site during 5 years. Within season capture patterns were analyzed using the Jolly-Seber model and among-year captures using the Closed robust design model. Population estimates of males and females yielded an among year variation in breeding population sex ratio, ranging from 16% to 34% females. On average, 41% (proportion adult alive but not breeding) of the females skipped breeding seasons, whereas the corresponding estimate for males was less than 5%. Yearly survival averaged 42% for adult female and 63% for adult male toads. First year adult males and females had a lower survival rate than older toads. Our results demonstrate that both a female biased mortality rate and a higher proportion of skipped breeding in females contribute to the observed male biased sex ratio. However, a deterministic model suggests other factors may also be involved to obtain this degree of male biased sex ratio, the most likely being that females mature at a later age than male toads.
Impact of a star formation efficiency profile on the evolution of open clusters

We study the effect of the instantaneous gas expulsion on star clusters wherein the residual gas has a density profile shallower than that of the embedded cluster. This is expected if star formation proceeds with a given SFE per free-fall time in a centrally-concentrated molecular clump. We perform direct N-body simulations whose initial conditions are generated by the program "mkhalo" "falcON" adapted for our models. Our model clusters initially have a Plummer profile and are in virial equilibrium with the gravitational potential of the cluster-forming clump. The residual gas contribution is computed based on the model of Parmentier&Pfalzner(2013). Our simulations include mass loss by stellar evolution and the tidal field of the Galaxy. We find that a star cluster with a minimum global SFE of 15% is able to survive instantaneous gas expulsion and to produce a bound cluster. Its violent relaxation lasts no longer than 20 Myr, independently of its global SFE and initial stellar mass. At the end of violent relaxation the bound fractions of surviving clusters with the same global SFEs are similar regardless of their initial stellar mass. Their subsequent lifetime in the gravitational field of the Galaxy depends on their bound stellar masses. We therefore conclude that the critical SFE needed to produce a bound cluster is 15%, which is twice smaller than earlier estimates of 33%. Thus we have improved the survival likelihood of young clusters after instantaneous gas expulsion. Those can now survive instantaneous gas expulsion with global SFEs as low as those observed for embedded clusters of Solar Neighbourhood (15-30%). This is the consequence of the star cluster having a density profile steeper than that of the residual gas. However, in terms of the effective SFE, measured by the virial ratio of the cluster at gas expulsion, our results are in agreement with previous studies.
Evaluation of the Advanced Hurricane WRF Data Assimilation System for the 2009 Atlantic Hurricane Season

AbstractReal-time analyses and forecasts using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and the Advanced Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (AHW) are evaluated from the 2009 North Atlantic hurricane season. This data assimilation system involved cycling observations that included conventional in situ data, tropical cyclone (TC) position, and minimum SLP and synoptic dropsondes each 6 h using a 96-member ensemble on a 36-km domain for three months. Similar to past studies, observation assimilation systematically reduces the TC position and minimum SLP errors, except for strong TCs, which are characterized by large biases due to grid resolution. At 48 different initialization times, an AHW forecast on 12-, 4-, and 1.33-km grids is produced with initial conditions drawn from a single analysis member. Whereas TC track analyses and forecasts exhibit a pronounced northward bias, intensity forecast errors are similar to (lower than) the NWS Hurricane Weather Research Model (HWRF) and GFDL forecasts for for.
Management and cost of urea application in maize grown in northern Paraná state, Brazil.

ABSTRACT: Urea is the most widely used nitrogen fertilizer in maize. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of maize under different rates and forms of N application and to identify the economic efficiency provided by this crop in relation to this type of fertilizer. To this end, we conducted a field experiment in a Eutroferric Dark Red Latosol (Oxisol) using the maize cultivar AG 8021. Nine treatments were tested comprising the application of 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, and 240 kg ha¹ of N (urea) as topdressing; 80 and 120 kg ha¹ of N as topdressing and incorporated into the soil; and a control treatment containing only the N from the compound at sowing. We assessed the components of production, yield, and economic analysis of urea maximum efficiency with respect to crop yield. The different rates of N used ? both as topdressing and incorporated ? improved the production and yield components of maize. Nitrogen application rates of 120 kg ha¹ as topdressing and of 80 kg ha¹ incorporated into the soil presented greater economic efficiency. RESUMO: A ureia e o adubo nitrogenado mais utilizado na cultura do milho. Com os objetivos de avaliar o desempenho agronomico de milho, cultivado sob diferentes doses e formas de aplicacao de adubacao nitrogenada, e de identificar a eficiencia economica proporcionada pela cultura em relacao ao fertilizante, foi realizado o experimento em Latossolo Vermelho Escuro Eutroferrico, utilizando-se a cultivar AG 8021. Foram testados nove tratamentos, que consistiram na aplicacao de 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 e 240 kg ha¹ de N (ureia), em cobertura; 80 e 120 kg ha¹ de N em cobertura e incorporado ao solo, e um controle, contendo apenas o N proveniente do formulado na semeadura. Foram avaliados os componentes de producao, produtividade e analise economica da eficiencia maxima da ureia com relacao a produtividade. As doses de N, tanto em cobertura quanto incorporadas, possibilitaram melhorias nos componentes de producao e produtividade do milho, sendo que as doses de 120 kg ha¹ de N em cobertura e de 80 kg ha¹ de N incorporado demonstraram maior eficiencia economica.
Globalization and children’s diets: The case of Maya of Mexico and Central America

Abstract Globalization is, in part, an economic force to bring about a closer integration of national economies. Globalization is also a biological, social and ideological process of change. Globalization results in powerful multinational corporations imposing their products on new markets. Food globalization brings about nutritional transitions, the most common being a shift from a locally-grown diet with minimally refined foods, to the modern diet of highly processed foods, high in saturated fat, animal products and sugar, and low in fiber. This paper will examine the influences of food globalization using the Maya of Mexico as a case study. The Maya people of Mexico are a poignant case. Maya health and culture has deteriorated as a result, with highly processed foods affecting physical growth and health of Maya children and their families. The case of the Maya is not isolated and we must come to terms with food globalization if we are to translate research into better child health and well-being
Genomic mapping of non-coagulation of milk in the Finnish Ayrshire

The objective of this study was to identify chromosomes affecting non-coagulation of milk in the Finnish Ayrshire. All autosomes were analysed using two pools of DNA samples. Samples from cows milking non-coagulating (NC) and well-coagulating (E) milk were pooled. Pools included 33 NC- and 49 E-animals and they were genotyped using 184 microsatellite markers. Two candidate chromosomes, 24 and 28, were selected based on differences between pools. Chromosomes 24 and 28 were studied using 14 microsatellite markers, individual genotyping and daughter design. Nonparametric interval mapping involved eighteen sire families with a total of 480 daughters. In interval mapping, chromosome 24 associated to NC-milk in one family.
Studies on Preparation of Custard Apple Vinegar

Custard apple (Annona squamosal )is highly susceptible to spoilage, softens very rapidly during ripening, and becomes squashy and not easy to consume fresh. The custard apple has nearly 24% sugars; it was hypothesized that this can be further processed by fermentation into a valuable product such as vinegar. The present study was carried out to develop vinegar from custard apple and it was compared with market vinegars sample for sensory evaluation. The physiochemical properties of custard apple vinegar were analysed. The custard apple vinegar production process took 30 days and had physiochemical characteristics of 1.019 gm/ml specific gravity, 1 % alcohol content, 5.39% (v/v) acetic acid, 2.0°Brix, and pH of 2.8 which complied with the standard ranges of brewed vinegar after complete fermentation. The sensory evaluation of vinegar samples was done by ten panel members. The overall acceptability of the market vinegar samples were rated as like extremely on the nine point hedonic scale, while custard apple vinegar was rated as like very much on the nine point hedonic scale.
Head lice infestation in school children of a low socio- economy area of Tabriz city, Iran

Head lice infestation (HLI) caused by Pediculus humanus var capitis (Pediculus capitis) is a world wild public health concern that affects mostly school aged children. HLI does not produce an illness, but it is physically unpleasant and an unbearable social stigma. Over a five months period from July to November, 2006, 2795 school children from a low socio-economy area of Tabriz city enrolled in 13 elementary and high schools (governmental school) including 1948 girls (69.69 %) and 847 boys (30.30%) were examined for the presence of Pediculus capitis (nits, adults and immature). During this study all the infested cases were seen among girls and there was no infestation in boys. School girls aged 10-14 years constituted the highest infestation rate (6.5%) and the lowest infestation rate was seen in girls aged 15-18 years old (1.6%). The infestation rate in 5-9 years old children was 5.7%. The overall infestation rate in the studied population was 3.64%. There was a significant difference between infestation rates among the age groups X 2 = 15.43, df = 2, p = 0.0004). But there was no significant difference between the infestation rates of 5-9 and 10-14 groups(X 2 =0.36, df=1, p=0.55). Pediculosis is a public health issue in many parts of the world. Certainly, personal hygiene practices and socioeconomic status influence the level of prevalence of pediculosis. The lowest infestation rate in 15-18 years old children in this study may indicates that the better personal hygiene practices including regular combing and washing of the hair is the main reason for reducing the head lice infestation rate in this group in comparison with the two other groups. The overall infestation rate in the present study is probably one of the lowest infestation rates in Iran and in the region.
Utility of five SSR markers for genetic diversity and paternity exclusion analysis in the Patagonian toothfish

The Patagonian toothfish or Chilean sea bass (Dissostichus eleginoides), found in the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica, is an important fishery species for Chile. This high-value species is regarded as overfished, making it an attractive target for aquaculture. When developing a reproduction program for any aquaculture species, it is important to implement genetic tools to evaluate diversity, inbreeding, and parentage. We calculated genetic diversity and paternity/maternity exclusion probabilities based on five commonly-used microsatellite loci in a natural population of Patagonian toothfish from southern Chile (n = 34) in order to evaluate the potential utility of these five markers in stock management. The observed number of alleles per locus (Na) and observed heterozygosities (HO) are within range as described by studies performed in other subAntarctic regions. All five loci were strongly polymorphic, with HO > 0.6 and Na > 7, and paternity exclusion probabilities were high (PE > 0.99), indicating the potential utility of these loci in paternity/maternity exclusion analyses of Patagonian toothfish.