Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Osteogenic imprinting upstream of marrow stromal cell differentiation

Five spontaneously transformed cell lines were established from a population of murine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and the expression profiles of phenotype‐characteristic genes, patterns of in vitro differentiation, and osteogenic capacity after in vivo transplantation were determined for each. All the clones expressed stable levels of cbfa1, the osteogenic “master” gene, whereas the levels of individual phenotypic mRNAs were variable within each, suggestive of both maturational and phenotypic plasticity in vitro. Varying levels of collagen type I and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were expressed in all the clonal lines. The clonal lines with proven in vivo osteogenic potential (3 out of 5) had a high proliferation rate and expressed bone sialoprotein (BSP), whereas the two nonosteogenic clones proliferated more slowly and never expressed BSP. Bone nodules were only observed in 2 out of 3 of the osteogenic lines, and only 1 out of three formed cartilage‐like matrix in vitro. There was no evidence of chondrogenesis in the nonosteogenic lines. By contrast, LPL was expressed in two osteogenic and in two nonosteogenic lines. These results demonstrate the presence of multipotential and restricted progenitors in the murine stromal system. cbfa1, collagen type I, and AP expression were common to all, and therefore presumably early, basic traits of stromal cell lines that otherwise significantly differ with respect to growth and differentiation potential. This finding suggests that an osteogenic imprinting lies upstream of diversification, modulation, and restriction of stromal cell differentiation potential. J. Cell. Biochem. 78:391–403, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ORAL HYGIENE PRACTICES AND FIRST DENTAL VISIT AMONG EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES CHILDREN IN RIYADH

The aim of the study was to determine oral hygiene practices and first dental visit pattern among Type II early childhood caries or nursing caries children in Riyadh. A sample of nursing caries children attending the dental clinics of King Saud University College of Dentistry, Riyadh Medical Complex, and Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital was selected for the study. The mothers of these children completed a self-administered questionnaire obtaining information about child's first dental visit and oral hygiene practices. A total of 74 nursing caries children, 34 (45.9%) male and 40 (54.1%) female, with a mean age of 55.0 (SD 20.0) months participated in the study and their mothers completed the questionnaire. Majority (53.9%) of the children were third. or higher issue of their parents. The mean age for commencing tooth brushing with or without assistance was 37.0 (SD 15.0) months. Only about onefourth (26.8%) of the children started tooth brushing at or before the age of 24 months. Only one in ten (11.3%) children had made their first dental visit for a routine check-up; others visited dentist due to a dental problem. Those who had visited a dentist, only 13% visited at or before the age of 12 months. Chi-square test showed no relationship (p > .05) between tooth brushing and variables such as birthorder and family size of the children. Similarly, no relationship (p > .05) was found between first dental visit and the two variables i.e. birth-order of the children and family size. It could be concluded that the commencement of tooth brushing was very late in nursing caries children in Riyadh, and that first dental visits were made vary late and most of these visits were prompted by a dental problem.
Effect of the Inclusion Nanocomplex Formed of Titanium Tetrafluoride and β-Cyclodextrin on Enamel Remineralization

Objective: Titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) is a topical agent used in the control of dental caries; however, it is highly acidic. To minimize this effect, cyclodextrins (CDs) are used. This study evaluated the in vitro potential of TiF4and β-CD on remineralization. Methods: Forty bovine enamel blocks were selected by microhardness and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10 per group): control (distilled and deionized water), 1% β-CD solution, 1% TiF4solution, and TiF4: β-CD solution. The blocks were subjected to a pH cycling regimen for 8 days. After that, samples were evaluated by cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Data were assessed for normality and analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). Results: Regarding CSMH, TiF4: β-CD was statistically superior to the control (P = 0.033), β-CD (P = 0.022), and TiF4(P = 0.006). SEM photomicrography revealed the titanium dioxide coating on slabs treated with TiF4and TiF4: β-CD. EDS assessment demonstrated the presence of titanium on the surface of slabs treated with TiF4and TiF4: β-CD. Conclusion: The solution containing the inclusion nanocomplex formed of TiF4and β-CD was able to reharden the enamel subsurface.
Sub-lethal exposure to neonicotinoids impaired honey bees winterization before proceeding to colony collapse disorder

Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony collapse disorder (CCD) that appeared in 2005/2006 still lingers in many parts of the world. Here we show that sub-lethal exposure of neonicotinoids, imidacloprid or clothianidin, affected the winterization of healthy colonies that subsequently leads to CCD. We found honey bees in both control and neonicotinoid-treated groups progressed almost identically through the summer and fall seasons and observed no acute morbidity or mortality in either group until the end of winter. Bees from six of the twelve neonicotinoid-treated colonies had abandoned their hives, and were eventually dead with symptoms resembling CCD. However, we observed a complete opposite phenomenon in the control colonies in which instead of abandonment, they were re-populated quickly with new emerging bees. Only one of the six control colonies was lost due to Nosemalike infection. The observations from this study may help to elucidate the mechanisms by which sub-lethal neonicotinoids exposure caused honey bees to vanish from their hives.
Heart rate variability in type 2 spinocerebellar ataxia

Montes‐Brown J, Sánchez‐Cruz G, García AM, Báez ME, Velázquez‐Pérez L. Heart rate variability in type 2 spinocerebellar ataxia. Acta Neurol Scand: 2010: 122: 329–335. © 2010 The Authors Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Munksgaard.
Sonoelastography in the evaluation of painful Achilles tendon in amateur athletes.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of our paper was to evaluate by sonoelastography the Achilles tendon of asymptomatic volunteers and of patients referring for chronic overuse-associated pain, also comparing these findings with those obtained with B-mode ultrasound (US). METHODS This study had local Ethics Committee approval; all patients gave their written informed consent. Twelve patients (9 men, 3 women, median age 52.5 years, range 38-64 years) referred for unilateral Achilles tendon pain associated with amateur sporting activities and 18 healthy controls (11 men, 7 women, median age 54 years, range 27-64 years) were studied. US/sonoelastography were performed with a Logos EUB8500 system (Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a 10-6 MHz high-resolution broadband linear array, on 12 symptomatic tendons and 36 controls. The probe was positioned at the calcaneal enthesis, retrocalcaneal bursa, myotendineus juction, and in three different areas of the tendon body. The elastogram colour range was translated to a numeric score and the differences of tendon resilience were compared by the Kruskall-Wallis test. RESULTS On US, symptomatic tendons showed increased tendon thickness (12/12 tendons vs. 8/36 controls, p<0.0001), interruption (5/12 vs. 0/36, p=0.0004), and fragmentation (5/12 vs. 0/36, p=0.0004). Disappearance of fibrillar echotexture was comparable in the two groups. Symptomatic tendons were harder, showing a prevalence of blue to green colour (p<0.0001). Loss of elasticity was associated with both fragmentation (p=0.0089) and loss of fibrillar texture (p=0.0019), and was inversely correlated with tendon thickness (p<0.0001). Sonoelastography showed no difference between symptomatic and control tendons at the enthesis and myotendineus junction. CONCLUSIONS Sonoelastography shows increased stiffness in symptomatic enlarged Achilles tendons in comparison to normal ones.
Population-based analysis of 10,766 hospitalizations for mandibular fractures in California, 1991 to 1993.

BACKGROUND This study describes mandibular fracture incidence, causes, and consequences in a large population. METHODS California hospital discharge data from 1991 to 1993 were examined to describe causes, lengths of stay, and hospital charges for patients hospitalized for mandibular fractures. Rates were calculated per 100,000 population. RESULTS There were 10,766 discharges with mandibular fracture as principal diagnosis or as diagnoses two through five on the discharge record (rate=11.5). Of these, 2,694 had mandibular fracture as the only diagnosis (principal diagnosis). For all 10,766 cases, assaults were responsible for more than half (54.0%) of all admissions for mandibular fracture. The highest rates were found among males (18.7), blacks (43.0), and adults aged 16 to 20 (26.5). Charges for the initial hospitalization (excluding physician's fees) for the 2,694 cases with only a diagnosis of mandibular fracture were used to estimate mean charges ($8,740). The total extrapolated 1993 inflation-adjusted hospital charges for mandibular fractures were $34 million per year. Most patients' bills were submitted to government payers, such as Medicaid. CONCLUSION Treatment of mandibular fractures represents a considerable cost to public-supported programs as well as to patients.
Optimal dirac approximation by exploiting independencies

The sample-based recursive prediction of discrete-time nonlinear stochastic dynamic systems requires a regular reapproximation of the Dirac mixture densities characterizing the state estimate with an exponentially increasing number of components. For that purpose, a systematic approximation method is proposed that is deterministic and guaranteed to minimize a new type distance measure, the so called modified Cramér-von Mises distance. A huge increase in approximation performance is achieved by exploiting structural independencies usually occurring between the random variables used as input to the system. The corresponding prediction step achieves optimal performance when no further assumptions can be made about the system function. In addition, the proposed approach shows a much better convergence compared to the prediction step of the particle filter and by far fewer Dirac components are required for achieving a given approximation quality. As a result, the new approximation method opens the way for the development of new fully deterministic and optimal stochastic state estimators for nonlinear dynamic systems.
Failed species, innominate forms, and the vain search for species limits: cryptic diversity in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus) of eastern Tennessee

Cytochrome B sequences and allozymes reveal complex patterns of molecular variation in dusky salamander (Desmognathus) populations in eastern Tennessee. One group of allozymically distinctive populations, which we refer to as the Sinking Creek form (SCF), combines morphological attributes of Desmognathus fuscus with cytB sequences characteristic of Desmognathus carolinensis. This form is abruptly replaced by D. fuscus just north of Johnson City, TN with no evidence of either sympatry or gene exchange. To the south, allozymic markers indicate a broad zone of admixture with populations characterized by distinct cytB sequences and that may or may not be ultimately referable to Desmognathus conanti. A third distinctive group of populations, which we refer to as the Lemon Gap form (LGF), occurs in the foothills of the Great Smoky and southern Bald Mountains and exchanges genes with Desmognathus santeetlah along the escarpment of the Great Smokies, D. carolinensis in the southern Bald Mountains, and populations of a different haplotype clade in the Ridge and Valley. We treat all these as innominate forms that may represent “failed species,” recognizing that it may never be possible to reconcile species limits with patterns of phylogeny, morphology, and gene exchange in these salamanders.
An introduction to sports coaching : from science and theory to practice

1. Introduction 2. Psychology for Sports Coaches 3. Motor Learning for Sports Coaches 4. Physiology for Sports Coaches 5. Sports Medicine for Sports Coaches 6. Biomechanics for Sports Coaches 7. Notational Analysis (Match Analysis) for Sports Coaches 8. Sociology for Sports Coaches 9. Sports History for Sports Coaches 10. Philosophy for Sports Coaches 11. Pedagogy for Sports Coaches 12. Sport Development for Sports Coaches 13. Linking it all Together
CLASSIFIER SELECTION MODELS FOR INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM (IDS)

Any abnormal activity can be assumed to be anomalies intrusion. In the literature several techniques and algorithms have been discussed for anomaly detection. In the most of cases true positive and false positive parameters have been used to compare their performance. However, depending upon the application a wrong true positive or wrong false positive may have severe detrimental effects. This necessitates inclusion of cost sensitive parameters in the performance. Moreover the most common testing dataset KDD-CUP-99 has huge size of data which intern require certain amount of pre-processing. Our work in this paper starts with enumerating the necessity of cost sensitive analysis with some real life examples. After discussing KDD-CUP-99 an approach is proposed for feature elimination and then features selection to reduce the number of more relevant features directly and size of KDD-CUP-99 indirectly. From the reported literature general methods for anomaly detection are selected which perform best for different types of attacks. These different classifiers are clubbed to form an ensemble. A cost opportunistic technique is suggested to allocate the relative weights to classifiers ensemble for generating the final result. The cost sensitivity of true positive and false positive results is done and a method is proposed to select the elements of cost sensitivity metrics for further improving the results to achieve the overall better performance. The impact on performance trade of due to incorporating the cost sensitivity is discussed.
Ultra low phase noise sapphire-SiGe HBT oscillator

A state of the art C-band oscillator is presented. It is based on a high Q WGM sapphire resonator combined with a low residual phase noise SiGe HBT amplifier. A two oscillator experiment performed on this system has revealed a phase noise level of -133 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset from the 4.85 GHz carrier, which is the best published phase noise result for a single loop, free running microwave oscillator.
Hospital-Based Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination: Sutton's Law Applied to Prevention

Pneumonia and influenza continue to be two of the major causes of hospitalization and death throughout the world. It is fitting that this issue of the Journal is devoted to addressing these important topics. Many of these cases are caused by influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae and could be prevented if the delivery of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines were more effectively targeted to those individuals who are otherwise destined to be hospitalized or to die due to one of these diseases. That persons with vaccine-preventable influenza and pneumococcal infections are still admitted to our hospitals is a sobering reminder that there still is important work to do. Early in their education, virtually all medical students are taught the importance of following Sutton’s Law in formulating a differential diagnosis. Sutton’s Law is based on the remark made by the notorious bank robber, Willie Sutton. When asked why he robbed banks, he replied, “That’s where the money is. ” In formulating a differential diagnosis, the student is advised to think first of common problems, not rare diseases. More often than not, diagnosing a common problem is “where the money is. ” Sutton’s Law also can be applied to the prevention of influenza and pneumococcal infections. In this instance, the question asked is, “What is the best vaccination strategy for reaching people who, if not vaccinated, will have the greatest likelihood of being hospitalized or dying of these two diseases? ” The answer is patients who are being discharged from the hospital. Hospital-based influenza and pneumococcal vaccination is “where the money is. ” In this commentary, we will address the following six issues: (1) the epidemiological rationale for hospitalbased influenza and pneumococcal vaccination; (2) the translation of these epidemiological findings into clinical and public policy; (3) changes in the scientific understanding of the benefits of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination; (4) experience in implementing hospitalbased programs for vaccination; (5) practical issues for hospital-based vaccination; and (6) an enhanced role for infection control practitioners in ensuring that Sutton’s Law for influenza and pneumococcal vaccination is followed.
The Impact of Institutional Investors on the Monday Seasonal

It is well documented that the mean Monday return is significantly negative and is lower than the mean return on other weekdays. Using institutional stock holdings information during the 19811998 period, we document that the Monday seasonal is stronger in stocks with low institutional holdings and that the Monday return is not significantly different from the mean Tuesday to Friday returns for stocks with high institutional holdings during the 19901998 period. Our study provides direct evidence to support the belief that the Monday seasonal may be related to the trading activities of less sophisticated individual investors.
Microwave and noise performance of SiGe BiCMOS HBT under cryogenic temperatures

In this letter, the microwave and noise performance of SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) has been characterized when cooling down the temperature. It was found that SiGe HBTs (fabricated in the framework of BiCMOS process) exhibit a maximum oscillation frequency f/sub max/ of about 292 GHz at 78 K, which represents an increase of about 30% with the value measured at room temperature. The noise performance has also been characterized at cryogenic temperatures, using an original de-embedding approach. Then, using the Hawkin's noise model in conjunction with an accurate small signal equivalent extraction, the four noise parameters have been estimated. The noise figure with a 50 /spl Omega/ source impedance was measured to be equal to 1.5 dB at 40 GHz at 78 K, which is one of the lowest value reported for BiCMOS SiGe HBT in the millimeter-wave range.
Multigrid analysis for higher order finite difference scheme

We introduce and analyze a multigrid algorithm for higher order finite difference schemes for elliptic problems on a nonuniform rectangular mesh. These schemes are presented by 9-point stencils. We prove the V-cycle convergence adopting the theory developed for finite element methods to these schemes. To be more precise, we show that the energy norm of the prolongation operator is less than one and hence obtain the conclusion using the approximation and regularity property as in [2]. In the numerical experiment section, we report contraction numbers, eigenvalues and condition numbers of the multigrid algorithm. The numerical test shows that for higher order schemes the multigrid algorithm converges much faster than for low order schemes. We also test the case of a nonuniform grid with a line smoother which also shows good convergence behavior.
Overestimation of stereo thresholds by the TNO stereotest is not due to global stereopsis

It has been repeatedly shown that the TNO stereotest overestimates stereo threshold compared to other clinical stereotests. In the current study, we test whether this overestimation can be attributed to a distinction between ‘global’ (or ‘cyclopean’) and ‘local’ (feature or contour‐based) stereopsis.
Clonal nature of the immune response to phosphorylcholine. II. Idiotypic specificity and binding characteristics of anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies.

The clonal nature of the immune response to phosphorylcholine (PC) was studied at the level of the antibody-producing cell (PFC) with the highly sensitive parameters of idiotypes and binding characteristics as specific markers. As a basis for comparison, the characteristics of the anti-PC IgM antibody produced in different inbred strains of mice were related in PFC inhibition assays with those exhibited by four different PC-binding myeloma proteins, HOPC 8, McPC 603, MOPC 167, and MOPC 511. Each of these myelomas possesses distinctly different idiotypic determinants and binding affinities for PC, glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) and choline (C). The induced anti-PC antibody in each of the strains tested was solely of the IgM class and bound PC τ; GPC τ; C. In BALB/c and A, but not CBA, no affinity maturation occurred during the immune response which indicates a restriction in the affinity heterogeneity. As determined from the PFC inhibition profiles, BALB/c and A strain anti-PC antibody had the same binding characteristics as HOPC 8 and that of BALB/c possessed the idiotypic determinants of this myeloma protein. As shown in a previous paper, the receptors on PC-specific antigen-binding cells (ABC) possessed the identical characteristics of class, specificity, and idiotypes as shown by the secreted antibody. These results, therefore, provide evidence for a direct link between the antibody secreted by PFC and the receptor molecules on ABC.
Comparison of bipolar and unipolar ionic diodes

Nanoporous ionic diodes, as well as devices for manipulating ions and molecules in a solution, have attracted a great deal of interest from researchers in various fields from the fundamental point of view. Ionic diodes allow the ions to be transported in one direction and block the transport in the other. There are two types of diodes that have been realized experimentally. A bipolar diode contains a junction between two zones of the pore walls with positive and negative surface charges. A unipolar diode contains a zone that is neutral and a zone that is charged. In this paper we discuss differences in operation of the diodes with a special emphasis on the sensitivity of their performance to the lengths of the charged and neutral zones. We also show that a bipolar diode offers more asymmetric current–voltage curves than a unipolar diode.