Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Springtail (Collembola) populations in hayfields and pastures in northern Iceland.

Surface-living invertebrates in grassland habitats were collected in pitfall traps for one year in three hayfields and three pastures in northern Iceland. Hayfields and pastures were on three different soil types; sand, silt and peat. Traps were renewed at weekly intervals during summer (six replicates) but at longer and variable intervals during winter (two replicates). Collembolans were counted and grouped to families or subclasses. During the summer season Collembola were most abundant in late summer and early autumn (second part of July to end of August) and Isotomidae and Symphypleona dominated. Onychiuridae and Entomobryidae culminated in spring, Hypogastruridae and Symphypleona in late summer and Istomidae in early autumn. During summer Collembolans dominated by Onychiuridae, Isotomidae and Entomobryidae were significantly more abundant in pastures than hayfields, indicating that hayfield cultivation (fertilization and mowing) disturbs the natural pasture habitat. Hypogastruridae and Symphypleona were not significantly more abundant in hayfields. Isotomidae and Symphypleona thrived significantly best in peat soil and Onychiuridae in silt soil. The number of collected Collembolans was about nine times higher during the summer than in the winter. During winter Entomobryidae were also more abundant in pastures than in hayfields and also more abundant than Hypogastruridae in hayfields. In soil samples collected in September four species dominated: the Hypogstruridae species Ceratophysella denticulata in hayfields on peat soil, the Onychiuridae species Protaphorura bicampata on silt soil and mainly in pastures, and the Isotomidae species Isotoma caerulea on peat soil. The fourth species, the Isotomidae Parisotoma notabilis, was not attracted by a specific environment.
Detection of Emerging Food Pathogens in Chicken Meat Using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction

A study was undertaken to develop a multiplex PCR (m-PCR) protocol for simultaneous detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes in chicken meat. The extraction of DNA was carried out using commercial DNA extraction kit, Phenol Chloroform and boiling method. Samples with OD ratio (260:280) between 1.7 and 1.9 were considered good in terms of concentration and purity and were used for PCR amplification. DNA extraction kit and Phenol Chloroform method revealed good OD value were used for sample extraction process. PCR and m-PCR amplification was carried out using genus specific primers were designed by targeting its Hyp (500 bp) and prfA (290 bp) gene for Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes respectively. Electrophoresis of amplified PCR products and gel documentation revealed 500 bp and 290 bp in 2% Agarose. The multiplex PCR technique was standardized using the reference strains with the similar amplification procedure. The minimum detection level (sensitivity) by mPCR for Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes was found to be 0.2 ng/ul and 1.0 ng/ul of DNA in a reaction mixture (25 ul). The developed multiplex PCR technique could detect Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes upto 3 × 10 5 and 3 × 10 4 CFU/ml of artificially inoculated meat homogenate. Around 60 chicken meat samples were collected from different regions of chennai and were screened for the presence of Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes . All the samples screened were not positive either for Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes . The negative samples were further checked by culture methods and good correlation between these two methods was observed. Hence, the m-PCR technique developed in this study can be used as a rapid screening test for detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes from chicken meat within 24 hours.
GRAFTS OF WOODY PLANTS AND THE PROBLEM OF INCOMPATIBILITY BETWEEN SCION AND ROOTSTOCK (A REVIEW)

Received 4.03. 2011, received in revised form 11.03. 2011, accepted 18.03. 2011 Grafting can occur naturally between branches or more often roots of the same species, or artificially via asexual propagation where the tissues of two plants are encouraged to fuse with one another. Artificial grafting is commonly used for propagation to improve qualities of trees grown commercially via selecting for its roots (called the rootstock) and for stem, leaves, flowers or fruits (called the scion). It is often used to reduce the time to flowering and shorten the breeding program, improve quality and yield of fruits and seeds, improve hardiness in response to environmental conditions and pathogens resistance, and change cultivars. Incompatibility between rootstock and scion has been more often observed for inter-specific than intraspecific grafts, and might result in a dieback of a graft. The objective of this paper was to review the recent literature related to graft applications and incompatibility between scion and rootstock. Anatomical studies of incompatible grafts demonstrated a poor vascular connection, vascular discontinuity and phloem degeneration at the union area, which might be detected as early as few weeks after a graft establishment. These vascular fusion problems can disturb water, nutrient and assimilate flows in the plant and might result in a further breakdown of a union area. Incompatibility might be also a result of insufficient plasmodesmatal coupling at an early stage of development within one of the graft partners. Differences in abundance of phenol compounds and starch below and above the graft union, as well as peroxidase amount at the union might serve as biochemical markers of the rootstock/scion incompatibility. Genetically and biochemically similar scions and rootstocks could improve graft compatibility.
Galaxy clusters in the CFHTLS - II. Matched-filter results in different passbands

Aims. We investigate the gain of added leverage and completeness of the constructed cluster catalogue, of applying the matched-filter detection algorithm to multiple passbands. In particular, we investigate the gain from having both i' - and z' -band data available when searching for galaxy clusters at $z\ga1$. Methods. We applied a matched filter detection method to the CFHTLS r' - and z' -band data of the four Deep fields and compared the cluster catalogues with the one extracted from the i' -band data presented in a previous paper. We also applied the matched filter to the Deep fields but with the limiting magnitudes appropriate for the much larger Wide survey in order to understand the best combination of i' - and z' -band depth for the most efficient cluster searches based on this algorithm. Results. The density of clusters identified in the Deep r' - and z' -band catalogues are 36 and 80 per square degree, respectively. The estimated densities of false detections are 12 and 20 per square degree in the two bands. We find that the recovered properties are in good agreement between the different bands and also that the efficiency of each band is consistent with the expectations based on the shift of the 4000 A break through the filters. When comparing r' - and i' -band, we do not find any significant additions to the i' -band catalogue. On the contrary, we find a large number of high redshift detections in the z' -band not in i' . These detections add $\sim 60\%$ to the number of high-redshift detections in the i' -band. Conclusions. We conclude that, for cluster searches to redshifts $\ga $1, it is important to include sufficiently deep data redward of the i' -band, which in this work is provided by the z' -band coverage. The combination of catalogues extracted from two different passbands does not provide a cluster sample with greater purity.
Consumer's Preference and Awareness: Comparative Analysis Between Conventional and Islamic Ijarah Auto Financing in Pakistan

A healthy banking industry plays a vital role in the economic stability, and banks success depends on its products. Therefore, this study aims at cognizing the consumer’s preference and awareness of Islamic Ijarah over the conventional lease in Pakistan. This research used regression as tools of analysis. The findings indicate that convenience is the prime determinant for preference of Ijarah over the lease. Moreover, all other factors except religion also support in the motivate selection of Islamic banking products. Therefore, it can be concluded that in Pakistan, religion is not the only fact motivates individuals to prefer Ijarah. Based on findings, it is recommended to relevant stakeholders to create more awareness among masses about Ijarah and to further ease out policies in order to harness optimum benefit. DOI: 1 0.15408/aiq.v10i2. 7106
A numerical method for solutions of pantograph type differential equations with variable coefficients using Bernstein polynomials

In this paper, a new numerical method based on the Bernstein polynomials is introduced for the approximate solution of pantograph type differential equations with retarded case or advanced case. Either the approximate solutions that are converging to the exact solutions or exact solutions of the problems are obtained by using this presented process. In addition, some numerical examples are presented to show the properties of the given method and the results are discussed.
Population dynamics and life history tactics of arthropods from Mediterranean-type ecosystems

The null hypothesis of this paper is that survival of arthropods under the severe Mediterranean conditions involves specific combinations of conservative and conformist traits. To test this hypothesis a modeling approach employing a Leslie-type matrix model and a fuzzy systems technique for parameter estimation is developed and applied to a model species. The general conclusion is that the results of this paper add support to the null hypothesis, whereas specific conclusions are as follows: 1) matrix models merging demographic and physiological parameters are suitable tools for the simulation of population dynamics of arthropods and further for the discussion of the interplay among life history traits; 2) employing linguistic instead of arithmetic variables, fuzzy approaches allow for the formalization of incomplete and/or missing data exploiting expertise concerning related species; 3) in general, population dynamics of arthropods follow the seasonality of the Mediterranean climate; 4) the basic mechanism underlying skewing phenologies and stochastic equilibrium is identified with the type of temperature dependence of arthropod metabolic activity; 5) under optimal conditions an exponential trend is superimposed on seasonal population dynamics; 6) more realistic conditions involving large-scale random oscillation in temperature in autumn and spring coupled with small-scale temperature oscillation in summer and winter result in stochastic equilibrium; 7) moderate contamination of soil and medium-scale oscillation in temperature result in stable temporal patterns; 8) a sensitivity analysis shows disproportional effect of different demographic parameters on population growth rate. Fecundity of young and middle-aged adults is most important for the rate of population growth, whereas elder animals are considered an important pool for maintenance of the population.
Blow-up and continuation of solutions for some semilinear parabolic equations with nonlinear boundary conditions

Otani Abstract: The following semilinear parabolic equations with nonlinear boundary conditions is studied: ut = u qu 2q 1 in B1 (0;T ), @ u = juj q 1 u on @B1 (0;T ), where B1 R n is the unit ball and q > 1. The nite time blow-up as well as a continuation of blow-up solutions beyond the blow-up time are discussed for the multidimensional case. It is revealed that the behavior of solutions for the multidimensional case diers from that of the one dimensional case.
Incidence and effects of four parasites in natural populations of bumble bees in Switzerland

mdash; Field caught bumble bee (Bombus Latreille and Psithyrus Lepeletier) workers, males and queens were examined for the presence of 4 parasites. High prevalence of parasitization by conopid flies (20.2%) and the trypanosome Crithidia bombi (35.7%), moderate to low prevalence by the microsporidian Nosema bombi (9.0%) and the mite Bombacarus buchneri (3.6%) were found. Infestations by the 4 parasites were independent of one another but significant differences were found for bumble bee species and sex. Workers parasitized by C bombi were significantly less likely to forage for pollen and had developed ovaries in significantly more cases than did uninfested workers. Spring queens of B terrestris and B lucorum had lower prevalence of infestation by C bombi than
Media, Biotechnology, and Trust: What Drives Citizens to Support Biotechnology

This paper explores the relationship among ideology, media science news use, and three different types of trust (trust in government, trust in science, and trust in regulative institute), as well as their direct and indirect impact on the support of agricultural biotechnology and the support of regulation on genetic modified organisms (GMO). A structural model showed that the public are slightly leaning toward the use of biotechnology; meanwhile they overwhelmingly request the control on GMO. Level of education directly promoted all three types of trusts and had a positive effect on the support of biotechnology and the support of regulation on GMO. Media science news use has both a direct and an indirect positive effect (through trust in scientific process) on support of biotechnology. Among the three different types of trusts, trust on government did not have significant effects on public attitude toward biotechnology. Trust in regulative institutes, associated with more control on GMO, decreased the publici¯s support of biotechnology. Meanwhile, trust in scientific process directly bolstered publici¯s support of biotechnology.
The Emergence of a Small World in a Network of Research Joint Ventures

Using a data set spanning the period 1899-2000, we construct a network of RJVs and track the pattern of growth of this network over time. The resulting R&D network is emergent in the sense that RJVs are contained within it, connected to other RJVs by the existence firms sharing membership with multiple RJVs. This paper shows that the largest growth in the R&D networks occurred during the last three decades of the Twentieth Century. During this growth period, the R&D network has a pattern of collaboration that can be characterized as having the â€œsmall worldâ€ property. This has implications for the rate of information diffusion across the network, as it implies that many non-collaborating firms are in fact quite close to each other in terms of degree of separation. We show that this network structure is due to the presence of a small number of highly connected firms that collaborate across multiple RJVs. These firms have an important characteristic in that without their presence in the network, the R&D network looses its cohesiveness and the small world property disappears. Hence, these highly connected firms have an important role to play in determining the overall robustness of the R&D network.
LEVEL OF FEED INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY IN YOUNG PIGS FED DIETS OF GLUCOSE AND SOYBEAN MEAL

SUMMARY Nine 40 kg Cuban CC21 castrated male pigs were used to study the effect of feed intake (0.050, 0.100 and 0.150 kg DM/W 0.75 per day respectively) on rectal digestibility of nutrients according to a triple 3x3 Latin square design. The diet was formulated to contain Dglucose and soybean meal plus vitamins and minerals, 63:35:2 in dry basis. The diet was given in one ration per day at 9:00 am. It was found that the animals only ate 76.7% of the offered ration containing the highest feed amount respectively. The difference was highly significant (P<0.001) if compared to the two lowest levels of feed intake (100.0%). A significant (P<0.01) linear effect was encountered for the influencet of feed intake on rectal digestibility of DM (r, -0.851), ash (r, -0.975) and N (r, - 0.830). This effect was less significant (P<0.05) for organic mater and energy digestibility (r, -0.715 and -0.795). The quadratic response for energy digestibility was highly significant (R 2 , 0.999; P<0.001. This same quadratic trend was found (P<0.05) for faecal pH and SCFA but this did not hold true for ammonia concentration. According to the results herein described, it is highly recommended to report nutrient digestibility of feedstuffs as those assayed in this trial with reference to its feed intake level, at least, in a range of feed intake level as that used in the current investigation.
Erratum to: Protoplanetary disc truncation mechanisms in stellar clusters: comparing external photoevaporation and tidal encounters

Most stars form and spend their early life in regions of enhanced stellar density. Therefore the evolution of protoplanetary discs (PPDs) hosted by such stars are subject to the influence of other members of the cluster. Physically, PPDs might be truncated either by photoevaporation due to ultraviolet flux from massive stars, or tidal truncation due to close stellar encounters. Here we aim to compare the two effects in real cluster environments. In this vein we first review the properties of well studied stellar clusters with a focus on stellar number density, which largely dictates the degree of tidal truncation, and far ultraviolet (FUV) flux, which is indicative of the rate of external photoevaporation. We then review the theoretical PPD truncation radius due to an arbitrary encounter, additionally taking into account the role of eccentric encounters that play a role in hot clusters with a 1D velocity dispersion $\sigma_v > 2$ km/s. Our treatment is then applied statistically to varying local environments to establish a canonical threshold for the local stellar density ($n_{c} > 10^4$ pc$^{-3}$) for which encounters can play a significant role in shaping the distribution of PPD radii over a timescale $\sim 3$ Myr. By combining theoretical mass loss rates due to FUV flux with viscous spreading in a PPD we establish a similar threshold for which a massive disc is completely destroyed by external photoevaporation. Comparing these thresholds in local clusters we find that if either mechanism has a significant impact on the PPD population then photoevaporation is always the dominating influence.
Comparative growth and management of white and red clovers

the base of the sward is deprived of the red component in daylight, inhibiting branching of stolons and crowns in white and red clover, respectively. The role of cultivar, defolia tion and N fertilizer in determining yield and persistence of the two legumes, mainly in mixtures with grass, are discussed principally in terms of morphological development and exploitation of light. It is concluded that optimum management for grass/white clo ver places emphasis on building up stolons and maximising contribution of clover leaf area to the upper layers of the mixed canopy and, while red clover is more competitive to grass than white clover, that benefit is lost when a grass/red clover sward is grazed.
Vegetable Production, Livelihood Diversification and Employment Generation in Oyo State, Nigeria

The study examined the importance of vegetable production on incomes, with a view to enhancing livelihood diversification and employment generation in farming communities in Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 100 vegetable farmers from 10 local government areas in Oyo State. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, budgetary technique and the multiple regression model. The results revealed that vegetable farmers were relatively young with a mean age of 41.9 years, highly educated with only 11% not having formal education and had a farming experience of 11.2 years on the average. Family sizes averaged 5.8 while mean farm size was 2.6 ha. The cost analysis shows that gross margin to enterprise was N472,322.56 with a net income of N454,564.72. The internal rate of return was 2.33 while the benefit-cost ration was 3.33. The major determinants of net farm income from vegetable production were educational level of farmers, experience in farming, farm size and total farm expenditure. The study concluded that while vegetable farming could be a major enterprise to diversifying livelihood opportunities among smallholder farmers it also presents opportunities for attracting the young and educated unemployed if cultivable lands, inputs, credit and social overheads that will make the farming communities liveable are provided.
The Influence of the Discipline and Compensation against Work Productivity (Study on the Security Services Company, PT Garuda Milky Artha Surabaya)

The purpose of this research is for to know and test whether there is influence of discipline and compensation of employees on work productivity PT. Garuda Milky Artha in Surabaya.The research method used, i.e. a quantitative approach and sampling Techniques using sample random sampling. Data collection techniques used is questionnaire. While its data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression tests.The results of data analysis in this study is there is a significant influence on the value of discipline and compensation against work productivity with significance value of discipline and the value of 0.05 < 0,011 significance compensation amounting to 0.028 < 0.05. This shows that the two variables are declared Ho denied. So it can be concluded that there is a significant influence on the value of discipline and compensation against work productivity at PT. Garuda Milky Artha in Surabaya.
THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SERBIAN HOTEL INDUSTRY

The aim of this paper is to determine operating performance of hotel companies in Serbia. The analysis was conducted on a sample that included approximately 31.35% of the total available hotel capacity in Serbia for the period from 2004 to 2011. The sample was designed to be representative of the hotel distribution by territory and category. Business performance of hotel companies was analyzed using TREVPAR and GOPPAR indicators both at the national level, for tourism clusters and the largest Serbian cities. The results show that hotel companies in Serbia, on average, achieved low TREVPAR and GOPPAR values. In 2011, the average TREVPAR of companies in Serbia was 28 EUR, and GOPPAR approximately 3.7 EUR. The study registered a significant decline in the value of these indicators for the period from 2008 to 2011, primarily as a result of the economic crisis. Results significantly better than the national average were achieved by hotel companies from Belgrade that had a mean TREVPAR value of 46.2 EUR and GOPPAR value of 8.6 EUR. During the analyzed period, the largest increase in the value of the analyzed indicators was registered in the city of Kragujevac as a result of significant investments made by the car manufacturer “Fiat” and its sub-contractors. These investments have led to a significant increase in the number of foreign tourist arrivals and consequently to an increase in business performance of hotel companies in Kragujevac.