Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physically Unclonable Function by an All-Printed Carbon Nanotube Network

The emerging Internet of things (IoT) demands not only new device technologies but also strengthening the security of things in order to prevent tampering and hacking. Humans have unique characteristics such as fingerprints, irises, and facial features, allowing the use of biometric authentication technology. IoT related devices in the future would likewise need similar identification methods for security. We demonstrate an analog version of physically unclonable function (PUF) using a carbon nanotube (CNT) network to implement a unique identification for this purpose. A plurality of electrodes dispersed around a single CNT network, formed by printing on a flexible substrate, allows local segmented resistance to be read. A pattern of resistances across an arbitrary pair of electrodes in the CNT network is naturally random as the resistance depends strongly on the type, diameter, and length of the nanotubes and the link and angle between them, and consequently it is nearly impossible to predict or duplicat.
EFFCTS OF SALT STRESS ON GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) CUTTINGS

With 2-years-old pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. ‘Tunisia’ cuttings as materials, the growth properties, salt injury indexes, leaf membrane permeability, Chlorophyll (Chl) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, proline and soluble protein content, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were investigated under different NaCl concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6%, w/w) treatments after 7, 21 and 35 days. The results showed that: the height and ground diameter of pomegranate were increased at low salinity (0.1%), and they were significantly inhibited at high salinity (≥ 0.5%). With increased NaCl concentrations, Chl a, Chl b, and Chl (a + b) contents were decreased and chlorophyll a/b were increased. Leaf membrane permeability was seriously enhanced and the amount of MDA was markedly increased at high salinity (≥ 0.5%). The proline and soluble protein were significantly accumulated and quickly responded to NaCl stress. The activities of SOD, CAT, and POD showed a trend of first rising and then decreasing, with the maximum appearing at 0.4% salinity. In addition, the adverse effects on these physiological indexes aggravated gradually over time. Our study suggested that pomegranate ‘Tunisi’ was a moderately salt tolerant cultivar (0.4% NaCl) with a promoting effect on the growth below 0.1% salinity. This cultivar presents a mechanism of alleviating the detrimental effects of salt stress through improving the proline content, soluble protein content and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. But the protections of antioxidant enzymes are in a limited range of salinity.
INTRINSIC COLORS, TEMPERATURES, AND BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS OF PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS

We present an analysis of the intrinsic colors and temperatures of 5–30 Myr old pre-main-sequence (pre-MS) stars using the F0- through M9-type members of nearby, negligibly reddened groups: the η Cha cluster, the TW Hydra Association, the β Pic Moving Group, and the Tucana-Horologium Association. To check the consistency of spectral types from the literature, we estimate new spectral types for 52 nearby pre-MS stars with spectral types F3 through M4 using optical spectra taken with the SMARTS 1.5 m telescope. Combining these new types with published spectral types and photometry from the literature (Johnson–Cousins BVIC, 2MASS JHKS and WISEW1, W2, W3, and W4), we derive a new empirical spectral type–color sequence for 5–30 Myr old pre-MS stars. Colors for pre-MS stars match dwarf colors for some spectral types and colors, but for other spectral types and colors, deviations can exceed 0.3 mag. We estimate effective temperatures (Teff) and bolometric corrections (BCs) for our pre-MS star sample through comparing their photometry to synthetic photometry generated using the BT-Settl grid of model atmosphere spectra. We derive a new Teff and BC scale for pre-MS stars, which should be a more appropriate match for T Tauri stars than often-adopted dwarf star scales. While our new Teff scale for pre-MS stars is within ≃100 K of dwarfs at a given spectral type for stars <G5, for G5 through K6, the pre-MS stars are ∼250 K cooler than their MS counterparts. Lastly, we present (1) a modern Teff, optical/IR color, and BC sequence for O9V-M9V MS stars based on an extensive literature survey, (2) a revised Q-method relation for dereddening UBV photometry of OB-type stars, and (3) introduce two candidate spectral standard stars as representatives of spectral types K8V and K9V.
T Cell Regulator Controlled through CD40 An Alternative Role for Foxp3 As an Effector

Michael H. Olmstead and David H. Wagner, Jr.Gisela M. Vaitaitis, Jessica R. Carter, Dan M. Waid,http://www.jimmunol.org/content/191/2/717doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.13006252013;J Immunol€2013; 191:717-725; Prepublished online 17 JuneReferenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/191/2/717.full#ref-list-1This article cites 41 articles, 17 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai. org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:
Computational modeling of pitting corrosion

Abstract Pitting corrosion damage is a major problem affecting material strength and may result in difficult to predict catastrophic failure of metallic material systems and structures. Computational models have been developed to study and predict the evolution of pitting corrosion with the goal of, in conjunction with experiments, providing insight into pitting processes and their consequences in terms of material reliability. This paper presents a critical review of the computational models for pitting corrosion. Based on the anodic reaction (dissolution) kinetics at the corrosion front, transport kinetics of ions in the electrolyte inside the pits, and time evolution of the damage (pit growth), these models can be classified into two categories: (1) non-autonomous models that solve a classical transport equation and, separately, solve for the evolution of the pit boundary; and (2) autonomous models like cellular automata, peridynamics, and phase-field models which address the transport, dissolution, and autonomous pit growth in a unified framework. We compare these models with one another and comment on the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. We especially focus on peridynamic and phase-filed models of pitting corrosion. We conclude the paper with a discussion of open areas for future developments.
A network interpretation approach to the balance scale task

The focus of this research is the balance-scale task of naive or intuitive physics first introduced by Piaget. Developmental psychologists have been interested in this task because of age-related trends in performance, a U-shaped trend on a particular class of problems, and information salience effects. The balance-scale task has also become a benchmark task for connectionist researchers interested in modeling cognitive development. The standard approach to modeling has involved manipulating various parameters and outlining particular assumptions in order to get network models to display behavior that matches the psychological data. A novel approach to studying the balance-scale task is presented. Neural networks were trained to make balance scale predictions and then the converged networks were interpreted using a number of techniques. This approach was taken to gain insight into the nature of how humans solve the task by first examining how neural networks solve the task and by examining the characteristics of the task. Predictions were derived from the analysis of the neural networks and the problem space analysis. In particular, predictions focused on the idea that performance measures (accuracy and RT) should vary as a function of where a problem is located in the problem space. This prediction was tested with a group of undergraduates who were aware of the importance of both the weight and the distance dimension for making predictions, but who were not familiar with the mathematically correct rule. Intra-individual variability was found in RT and accuracy measures. This contrasts with typical descriptions of balance scale performance as consistent with a single strategy per developmental stage. Implications for future research are discussed.
Elucidating image-to-set prediction: An analysis of models, losses and datasets

In recent years, we have experienced a flurry of contributions in the multi-label classification literature. This problem has been framed under different perspectives, from predicting independent labels, to modeling label co-occurrences via architectural and/or loss function design. Despite great progress, it is still unclear which modeling choices are best suited to address this task, partially due to the lack of well defined benchmarks. Therefore, in this paper, we provide an in-depth analysis on five different computer vision datasets of increasing task complexity that are suitable for multi-label clasification (VOC, COCO, NUS-WIDE, ADE20k and Recipe1M). Our results show that (1) modeling label co-occurrences and predicting the number of labels that appear in the image is important, especially in high-dimensional output spaces; (2) carefully tuning hyper-parameters for very simple baselines leads to significant improvements, comparable to previously reported results; and (3) as a consequence of our analysis, we achieve state-of-the-art results on 3 datasets for which a fair comparison to previously published methods is feasible.
Review of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Based Devices

This paper presents a review of the recent advances of the AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) based devices. The AlGaN/GaN HEMTs have attracted potential for high frequency, voltage, power, temperature, and low noise applications. This is due to the superior electrical, electronic properties, high electron velocity of the GaN. These properties include the GaN wide band gap energy, electrical, optical and structural properties. The based structures of GaN such as AlGaN/GaN are driving the interest in the research areas of GaN HEMTs. Recently, the AlGaN/GaN HEMTs have gained a great potential in radio frequency (RF) and power electronics (PE) based devices and applications. The recent aspects of the AlGaN/GaN HEMTs devices are presented and discussed. The performance of different device demonstrated based on AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are reviewed. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of these devices are also reviewed.
On Cohen-Macaulay Auslander algebras

Cohen-Macaulay Auslander algebras are the endomorphism algebras of representation generators of the subcategory of Gorenstein projective modules over $\rm{CM}$-finite algebras. In this paper, we study Cohen-Macaulay algebras over $1$-Gorenstein algebras and $\Omega_{\mathcal{G}}$-algebras. $1$-Gorenstein algebras are those of algebras with global Gorenstein projective dimension at most one and $\Omega_{\mathcal{G}}$-algebras are a class of algebras motivated by [H], including some important class of algebras for example Gentle algebras. It will be shown how the results for Gorenstein projective representations of a quiver over an Artin algebra, including monomorphism categories worked by Ringel and Schmidmeier, can be applied to study Cohen-Macaulay Auslander algebras.
First Principle Study on Lead-Free CH3NH3GeI3 and CH3NH3GeBr3 Perovskite solar cell using FHI-aims Code

An Ab-initio calculation in the framework of Density Functional Theory (DFT), as implemented in the FHI-aims package within Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) with the pbe parameterization was carried out in this work. Although methyl ammonium lead iodide (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) has proven to be an effective photovoltaic material, there remains a main concern about the toxicity of lead. An investigation into the possible replacement of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 with CH 3 NH 3 GeI 3 and CH 3 NH 3 GeBr 3 as the active layer in perovskite solar cell was carried out. The electronic band structure, band gap energy and dielectric constants were calculated for CH 3 NH 3 GeI 3 and CH 3 NH 3 GeBr 3 . The effect of temperature on linear thermal expansion coefficient and temperature dependence of lattice constant were studied in the temperature range of 273 to 318 K. Band gap shift due to lattice expansion was also studied. The dielectric constants of these materials were also determined. The energy band gap calculated for CH 3 NH 3 GeI 3 and CH 3 NH 3 GeBr 3 at their respective equilibrium lattice constant are 1.606 and 1.925eV respectively. A numerical simulation with some of these materials as the active layer in a perovskite solar cell was performed using General-purpose Photovoltaic Device Model (GPVDM) and the conversion efficiency of the resulting solar cell was obtained. Conversion efficiency of 10% and 8.4% were obtained for CH 3 NH 3 GeI 3 and CH 3 NH 3 GeBr 3 respectively.
MOLECULAR GAS VELOCITY DISPERSIONS IN THE ANDROMEDA GALAXY

In order to characterize the distribution of molecular gas in spiral galaxies, we study the line profiles of CO (1 – 0) emission in Andromeda, our nearest massive spiral galaxy. We compare observations performed with the IRAM 30 m single-dish telescope and with the CARMA interferometer at a common resolution of 23 arcsec ≈ 85 pc × 350 pc and 2.5 km s−1. When fitting a single Gaussian component to individual spectra, the line profile of the single dish data is a factor of 1.5 ± 0.4 larger than the interferometric data one. This ratio in line widths is surprisingly similar to the ratios previously observed in two other nearby spirals, NGC 4736 and NGC 5055, but measured at ∼0.5–1 kpc spatial scale. In order to study the origin of the different line widths, we stack the individual spectra in five bins of increasing peak intensity and fit two Gaussian components to the stacked spectra. We find a unique narrow component of FWHM = 7.5 ± 0.4 km s−1 visible in both the single dish and the interferometric data. In addition, a broad component with FWHM = 14.4 ± 1.5 km s−1 is present in the single-dish data, but cannot be identified in the interferometric data. We interpret this additional broad line width component detected by the single dish as a low brightness molecular gas component that is extended on spatial scales >0.5 kpc, and thus filtered out by the interferometer. We search for evidence of line broadening by stellar feedback across a range of star formation rates but find no such evidence on ∼100 pc spatial scale when characterizing the line profile by a single Gaussian component.
Comparison of Experimental Thermal Methods for the Fatigue Limit Evaluation of a Stainless Steel

This paper regards the rapid determination of fatigue limit by using thermal data analysis. Different approaches available in the literature to estimate the fatigue limit of cold-drawn AISI 304L bars are analyzed and compared, namely, temperature- and energy-based methods. Among the temperature-based approaches, the Risitano Method (RM) and the method based on material temperature evolution recorded during a static tensile test were analyzed. Regarding the energy-based approaches, the input mechanical energy density stored in the material per cycle (i.e., the area of the hysteresis loop), the heat energy dissipated by the material to the surroundings per cycle, and the “2nd-harmonic-based” methods were considered. It was found that for the material analyzed, all the considered energy-based approaches provided a very good engineering estimation of the material fatigue limit compared to a staircase test.
Rotation period distribution of CoRoT and Kepler Sun-like stars

We study the distribution of the photometric rotation period (Prot), which is a direct measurement of the surface rotation at active latitudes, for three subsamples of Sun-like stars: one from CoRoT data and two from Kepler data. We identify the main populations of these samples and interpret their main biases specifically for a comparison with the solar Prot. Prot and variability amplitude (A) measurements were obtained from public CoRoT and Kepler catalogs combined with physical parameters. Because these samples are subject to selection effects, we computed synthetic samples with simulated biases to compare with observations, particularly around the location of the Sun in the HR diagram. Theoretical grids and empirical relations were used to combine physical parameters with Prot and A. Biases were simulated by performing cutoffs on the physical and rotational parameters in the same way as in each observed sample. A crucial cutoff is related with the detectability of the rotational modulation, which strongly depends on A. The synthetic samples explain the observed Prot distributions of Sun-like stars as having two main populations: one of young objects (group I, with ages younger than ~1 Gyr) and another of MS and evolved stars (group II, with ages older than ~1 Gyr). The proportions of groups I and II in relation to the total number of stars range within 64-84% and 16-36%, respectively. Hence, young objects abound in the distributions, producing the effect of observing a high number of short periods around the location of the Sun in the HR diagram. Differences in the Prot distributions between the CoRoT and Kepler Sun-like samples may be associated with different Galactic populations. Overall, the synthetic distribution around the solar period agrees with observations, which suggests that the solar rotation is normal with respect to Sun-like stars within the accuracy of current data.
The effect of cleaning procedures on the bond strength of ceramic surfaces contaminated with saliva and try-in paste

Purpose of the study: To evaluate the effectiveness of different cleaning procedures on removing the saliva and try-in paste remnants from contaminated zirconia and lithium disilicate surfaces. Material and Methods: Fifty samples of zirconia (IPS e.max ZirCAD) and 50 samples of lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD) were divided into 5 groups: Group 1 – No contamination with saliva and try-in paste (control); Group 2 – Contamination followed by rinsing with water; Group 3 – Contamination followed by cleaning with NaOCL 7% for 30 seconds; Group 4 Contamination followed by cleaning with H3PO4 35% for 30 seconds; Group 5 Contamination followed by cleaning with Ivoclean for 30 seconds. Zirconium oxide cylinders were luted to the samples using Multilink Implant cement. After being stored for 24 hours in a deionized water bath at 370C, the samples were subjected to shear forces at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test were used for statistical analysis. Results: No significant differences were observed between various groups for zirconia samples with all cleaning protocols showing shear bond strengths similar to the control groups. Group 4 showed significant improvement in shear bond strength when compared to control (p < 0.05) for lithium disilicate samples. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study it could be said that the application of phosphoric acid for 30 seconds is effective to clean lithium disilicate samples contaminated with saliva and try-in paste.
Reproducing the kinematics of damped Lyman α systems

We examine the kinematic structure of Damped Lyman- Systems (DLAs) in a series of cosmological hydrodynamic simulations using the AREPO code. We are able to match the distribution of velocity widths of associated low ionisation metal absorbers substantially better than earlier work. Our simulations produce a population of DLAs dominated by halos with virial velocities around 70 km s 1 , consistent with a picture of relatively small, faint objects. In addition, we reproduce the observed correlation between velocity width and metallicity and the equivalent width distribution of SiII. Some discrepancies of moderate statistical signicance remain; too many of our spectra show absorption concentrated at the edge of the prole and there are slight dierences in the exact shape of the velocity width distribution. We show that the improvement over previous work is mostly due to our strong feedback from star formation and our detailed modelling of the metal ionisation state.
Evaluation on Microstructure and Mechanical Behaviour of Al6061-Al2O3-Gr Hybrid Composites

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are gaining widespread recognition in numerous technological fields owing to its superior mechanical properties when compared with conventional metals/alloys. The aluminium based hybrid composites are increasingly being used in the transport, aerospace, marine, automobile and mineral processing industries, owing to the improved strength, stiffness and wear resistance properties. In the present research work, the composites were prepared using the liquid metallurgy technique, in which 2 - 10 weight percentage of Al2O3 particulates and 1 weight percentage of Graphite were dispersed in the base Al6061 alloy. The Casted hybrid composites were subjected to machining process to prepare the specimens according to ASTM standards. Then, the prepared specimens are subjected for assessing the Microstructure followed by its Mechanical behaviors such as, Hardness, Tensile strength, Compressive strength respectively. The microstructure analysis confirms that homogenous distribution of Al2O3 and Gr in the Al6061 matrix alloy and there was a momentous enhancement in decisive tensile strength, compressive strength and hardness properties of the hybrid composite. However, a substantial increase in the compressive strength was noticed in graphite reinforced composites as the graphite content was increased and there was a significant diminution in hardness coupled with monotonic increases in the ductility. Further, the ultimate tensile strength and compressive strength of the composite was noticed; thus the outcome of the study will provide explicit rationalizations for these observable facts. Therefore, the proposed way out in the study can provide ample of approaches to minimize the existing problem by employing this newer hybrid composites.
Optical instabilities and spontaneous light emission by polarizable moving matter

One of the most extraordinary manifestations of the coupling of the optical field and matter is the emission of light by charged particles passing through a dielectric medium: the Vavilov-Cherenkov effect. In this article, it is theoretically predicted that a related phenomenon may be observed when neutral fast polarizable particles travel near a metal surface supporting surface plasmon polaritons. Rather dramatically, it is found that at some critical velocity, even if the initial optical field is vanishingly small, the system may become unstable and may start spontaneously emitting light such that in some initial time window the optical field grows exponentially with time.
Computational and experimental analysis of beam to column joints reinforced with CFRP plates

In this paper, numerical and experimental assessments have been conducted in order to investigate the capability of using CFRP for the seismic capacity improvement and relocation of plastic hinge in reinforced concrete connections. Two scaled down exterior reinforced concrete beam to column connections have been used. These two connections from a strengthened moment frame have been tested under uniformly distributed load before and after optimization. The results of experimental tests have been used to verify the accuracy of numerical modeling using computational ABAQUS software. Application of FRP plate on the web of the beam in connections to improve its capacity is of interest in this paper. Several parametric studies were carried out for CFRP reinforced samples, with different lengths and thicknesses in order to relocate the plastic hinge away from the face of the column.