Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histone Deacetylase Inhibition and I&kgr;B Kinase/Nuclear Factor-&kgr;B Blockade Ameliorate Microvascular Proinflammatory Responses Associated With Hemorrhagic Shock/Resuscitation in Mice*

Objective:To investigate the consequences of histone deacetylase inhibition by histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid and I&kgr;B kinase/nuclear factor-&kgr;B signaling blockade by I&kgr;B kinase inhibitor BAY11-7082 on (microvascular) endothelial cell behavior in vitro as well as in mice subjected to hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation in vivo. Design:Prospective, randomized laboratory investigation using an established mouse model of hemorrhagic shock. Setting:Research laboratory at university teaching hospital. Subjects:Endothelial cells and C57BL/6 male mice. Interventions:Endothelial cells were incubated with tumor necrosis factor-&agr; in the absence or presence of valproic acid or BAY11-7082 in vitro. Mice were subjected to hemorrhagic shock by blood withdrawn until the mean arterial pressure of 30 mm Hg and maintained at this pressure for 90 minutes. At 90 minutes, subgroups of mice were resuscitated with 4% human albumin in the absence or presence of vehicle, valproic acid (300 &mgr;g/g body weight) or BAY11-7082 (400 &mgr;g per mouse). Mice were killed 1 hour and 4 hours after resuscitation. Measurements and Main Results:Valproic acid and BAY11-7082 selectively diminished tumor necrosis factor-&agr;-induced endothelial proinflammatory activation in vitro. In vivo, both systemic and local inflammatory responses were significantly induced by hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation. The decreased histone acetylation in kidneys after hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation was restored by valproic acid treatment. In glomerular endothelial cells, the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-&kgr;B, which was induced by hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation, was eliminated by BAY11-7082 treatment while enhanced in the presence of valproic acid. Both valproic acid and BAY11-7082 significantly attenuated the hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation-induced protein expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in the microvasculature of kidneys and liver, although messenger RNA expression levels of these molecules analyzed in whole-organ lysates of kidneys, lungs, and liver were not extensively affected. The reduced protein expression of adhesion molecules was paralleled by diminishing the adhesion/transmigration of neutrophils in kidneys and liver after hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation. Conclusion:Suppression of histone deacetylase activity and blockade of I&kgr;B kinase/nuclear factor-&kgr;B signaling during resuscitation ameliorate microvascular endothelial proinflammatory responses in organs in mice after hemorrhagic shock.
Opioids and rate of positively reinforced behavior: differential antagonism by naltrexone

Lever pressing by rats was maintained under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule of food presentation. The response rate-decreasing effects of several opioid compounds that vary in selectivity for, and activity at, μ and non-opioid receptors, were examined alone and in combination with the opioid antagonist naltrexone. Naltrexone (0.01–1.0 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent and generally parallel rightward shifts in the dose-effect curves for morphine, fentanyl, butorphanol and nalbuphine. Apparent pA2 values for naltrexone against these agonists ranged from 7.05 to 7.29, and the slopes of the regression lines fitted to the Schild plots approximated theoretical unity (-1.0), suggesting a competitive interaction at μ-opioid receptors. In contrast, although at least one dose of naltrexone (0.01–10.0 mg/kg) antagonized the response rate-decreasing effects of bremazocine, U50,488, (-)-pentazocine and nalorphine, suggesting some opioid activity, these effects differed from those of the μ agonists in that: (a) they were less sensitive to naltrexone antagonism; (b) maximal rightward shifts were smaller; (c) antagonism patterns were not directly related to naltrexone dose and, in some cases, were influenced by the response rate-decreasing effects of the larger naltrexone doses; and (d) there were considerable between-subjects differences in sensitivity to naltrexone antagonism. Naltrexone (0.1–10.0 mg/kg) did not antagonize the effects of the non-opioid control compound pentobarbital. The present results suggest that patterns of naltrexone antagonism can provide a basis for making inferences about receptor activity related to the effects of some opioids on rate of schedule-controlled behavior. With some opioids, however, such inferences are limited by the direct response rate-decreasing effects of naltrexone itself and by differences in patterns of antagonism across subjects.
A Th17‐like developmental process leads to CD8+ Tc17 cells with reduced cytotoxic activity

Activation of naive CD8+ T cells with antigen in the absence of skewing cytokines triggers their differentiation into effector CTL, which induces death of target cells. We show that CD8+ T cells activated in the presence of the cytokines IL‐6 or IL‐21 plus TGF‐β similar to CD4+ T cells, develop into IL‐17‐producing (Tc17) cells. These cells display greatly suppressed cytotoxic function along with low levels of the CTL markers: T‐box transcription factor Eomesodermin, granzyme B and IFN‐γ. Instead, these cells express hallmark molecules of Th17 program including retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor (ROR)γt, RORα, IL‐21 and IL‐23R. The expression of the type 17 master regulator RORγt is causally linked to Tc17 generation, because its overexpression stimulates production of IL‐17 in the presence of IL‐6 or IL‐21. Both, upregulation of the type 17 program as well as suppression of CTL differentiation are STAT3 dependent. Furthermore, Tc17 cells producing IL‐17 but not granzyme B are also detectable in EAE, a mouse model for multiple sclerosis. Our data point to the existence of mutually exclusive CTL and Tc17 developmental pathways in vitro and in vivo.
Improving Post-Disaster Recovery: Decision Support for Debris Disposal Operations

Although large amounts of disaster-generated debris significantly strain landfill capacities, until recently, existing policy provided no financial incentive to consider other disposal alternatives such as recycling. In 2007, FEMA released a new pilot program that provides incentives for communities to recycle by allowing them to retain revenue from the sale of disaster debris. This first-ever policy offers significant financial benefits for communities seeking to clean-up in an environmentally responsible way but requires reexamining existing assumptions and decision processes that are based on prior reimbursement programs. This paper presents a decision model with recycling incentives for locating temporary disposal and storage reduction (TDSR) facilities in support of disaster debris cleanup operations. A facility location model is proposed to incorporate the unique assumptions, objectives, and constraints of disaster recovery in light of FEMA’s new policy.
SSIM-Based Game Theory Approach for Rate-Distortion Optimized Intra Frame CTU-Level Bit Allocation

A structural similarity (SSIM)-based game theory (GT) approach is proposed for rate-distortion (R-D) optimized CTU-level bit allocation in high efficiency video coding (HEVC). First, a SSIM-based bargaining game is formulated and the Nash bargaining solution (NBS) is proposed, in which a SSIM-based initial minimum utility is defined. Second, we propose a two-stage remaining bit refinement-based bit allocation scheme. The optimization scheme of the SSIM-based bargaining game sufficiently considers the different R-D characteristics of coding tree units (CTUs), in which the feasible utility set is proved to be convex based on the proposed SSIM-based utility and R-SSIM model. Compared with the other state-of-the-art CTU-level bit allocation methods, the R-D performance improvements on Bjøntegaard delta bit-rate (BD-BR), Bjøntegaard delta peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (BD-PSNR), and BD-SSIM metrics of the proposed method can averagely achieve significant gains, respectively. The achieved R-D performance gains have been very close to the coding performance limits from the FixedQP method. Moreover, the proposed SSIM-GT method also maintains good performances on quality smoothness, bit rate accuracy, and encoding complexity.
Reversible tyrosine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of proline‐directed protein kinase FA/glycogen synthase kinase‐3α in A431 cells

Modulation of protein kinase FA/glycogen synthase kinase‐3α (kinase FA/GSK‐3α) by reversible tyrosine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation was investigated. In addition to genistein, other protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors, such as tyrphostin A47 and B42, also could induce tyrosine dephosphorylation and inactivation of kinase FA/GSK‐3α in A431 cells, and this process was found to be reversible. Pretreatment of the cells with 100 μM orthovanadate, a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitor, could diminish significantly the effects of PTK inhibitors on both enzyme activity and phosphotyrosine content of the kinase, suggesting that the PTK inhibitors induced tyrosine dephosphorylation/inactivation of this kinase is mediated by orthovanadate‐sensitive PTP(s) in A431 cells. Moreover, the phosphotyrosine moiety of kinase FA/GSK‐3α was found to be highly turned over in resting cells. Interestingly, we found that the less active, tyrosine‐dephosphorylated form of kinase FA/GSK‐3α immunoprecipitated from genistein‐treated cells was able to reactivate partially with concomitant rephosphorylation of tyrosine residue in vitro. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that tyrosine phosphorylation and concomitant activation of kinase FA/GSK‐3α can be carried out both in vitro and in vivo and an in vivo phosphatase activity may function in antagonism to PTK activation of kinase FA/GSK‐3α. J. Cell. Physiol. 171:95–103, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lactulose vs polyethylene glycol 3350--electrolyte solution for treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy: the HELP randomized clinical trial.

IMPORTANCE Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common cause of hospitalization in patients with cirrhosis. Pharmacologic treatment for acute (overt) HE has remained the same for decades. OBJECTIVE To compare polyethylene glycol 3350-electrolyte solution (PEG) and lactulose treatments in patients with cirrhosis admitted to the hospital for HE. We hypothesized that rapid catharsis of the gut using PEG may resolve HE more effectively than lactulose. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The HELP (Hepatic Encephalopathy: Lactulose vs Polyethylene Glycol 3350-Electrolyte Solution) study is a randomized clinical trial in an academic tertiary hospital of 50 patients with cirrhosis (of 186 screened) admitted for HE. INTERVENTIONS Participants were block randomized to receive treatment with PEG, 4-L dose (n = 25), or standard-of-care lactulose (n = 25) during hospitalization. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end point was an improvement of 1 or more in HE grade at 24 hours, determined using the hepatic encephalopathy scoring algorithm (HESA), ranging from 0 (normal clinical and neuropsychological assessments) to 4 (coma). Secondary outcomes included time to HE resolution and overall length of stay. RESULTS A total of 25 patients were randomized to each treatment arm. Baseline clinical features at admission were similar in the groups. Thirteen of 25 patients in the standard therapy arm (52%) had an improvement of 1 or more in HESA score, thus meeting the primary outcome measure, compared with 21 of 23 evaluated patients receiving PEG (91%) (P < .01); 1 patient was discharged before final analysis and 1 refused participation. The mean (SD) HESA score at 24 hours for patients receiving standard therapy changed from 2.3 (0.9) to 1.6 (0.9) compared with a change from 2.3 (0.9) to 0.9 (1.0) for the PEG-treated groups (P = .002). The median time for HE resolution was 2 days for standard therapy and 1 day for PEG (P = .01). Adverse events were uncommon, and none was definitely study related. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE PEG led to more rapid HE resolution than standard therapy, suggesting that PEG may be superior to standard lactulose therapy in patients with cirrhosis hospitalized for acute HE. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01283152.
Health Beliefs, Health Insurance Status, and the Uninsured: Revisiting the Findings From the Part-Time Worker Study and Barriers to Participation in Subsidized Health Insurance Programs, Exploring the Implications for Nursing Practice

Background: In response to the federal passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) in 2010, ongoing efforts have been underway nationally to expand health insurance coverage to the uninsured population primarily through subsidized health insurance programs. Reasons why individuals choose not to participate in subsidized and other health insurance programs are not clearly understood. Method: Guided by the key assumptions of the Health Belief Model (HBM), this qualitative case study inquiry examined the participation rates of nine direct care workers who shared their perceptions of barriers and experiences with the Part-time Worker Coverage Voucher Program (PTWCVP). Analysis of the transcribed data suggested that both financial and non-financial barriers influenced participation rates. Results: While financial reasons were the primary impediment to participation in the PTWCVP, a number of other important findings emerged that influenced non-participation in the program including inaccurate perceptions of general health; incomplete perceptions regarding the role, purpose, and function of health insurance programs; strongly negative perceptions of program design and delivery; and inadequate knowledge and lack of effort to obtain health insurance coverage. Conclusion: Based on the HBM, the findings from this research can have significant implications nursing practice by guiding educational efforts to address perceived barriers while enhancing the likelihood of taking action by increasing participation in health insurance programs, health promotion and prevention efforts.
A natural language bipolar argumentation approach to support users in online debate interactions†

With the growing use of the Social Web, an increasing number of applications for exchanging opinions with other people are becoming available online. These applications are widely adopted with the consequence that the number of opinions about the debated issues increases. In order to cut in on a debate, the participants need first to evaluate the opinions of the other users to detect whether they are in favour or against the debated issue. Bipolar argumentation proposes algorithms and semantics to evaluate the set of accepted arguments, given the support and the attack relations among them. Two main problems arise. First, an automated framework to detect the relations among the arguments represented by the natural language (NL) formulation of the users’ opinions is needed. Our paper addresses this open issue by proposing and evaluating the use of NL techniques to identify the arguments and their relations. In particular, we adopt the textual entailment (TE) approach, a generic framework for applied semant.
Parametrization of the space of solutions of Einstein's equations.

An explicit parametrization is obtained of the set of all space-time solutions of Einstein's equations which are globally hyperbolic and contain a compact spatial hypersurface with constant mean curvature. This parametrization is based upon the conformal treatment of the initial-value problem for Einstein's equations, which is studied by the method of sub and super solutions for quasilinear elliptic partial differential equations. The Yamabe-Aubin-Trudinger-Schoen classification of conformal classes of Riemannian metrics plays a key role.
Nanoporous FeP nanorods grown on Ti plate as an enhanced binder-free hydrogen evolution cathode

A porous and interconnected nanorod-like FeP structure on titanium plate has been fabricated by a simple hydrothermal method and followed by a calcination process. The nanorod is assembled by many paralleled FeP nanowires with a porous structure. With the porous surface structure of FeP nanorods and the synergetic effect from the electronic conductive Ti support, this binder-free FeP electrode brings about a desirable electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), showing a low onset overpotential of 23 mV and a small Tafel slope of 39 mV dec−1. Meanwhile, its catalytic activity could be maintained almost unchanged for at least 12 h in an acidic solution. This work provides us an effective HER electrocatalyst which can be easily produced on a large scale and at low cost.
Unification of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Registries in Japan and Establishment of the TRUMP System

There are 4 registries of hematopoietic cell transplantation in Japan; the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (JSHCT), Japanese Society of Pediatric Hematology, Japan Marrow Donor Program, and Japan Cord Blood Bank Network; each play an important role in society by reporting the number and outcomes of transplantations and contributing new findings obtained from studies on individual topics. However, there have been a number of issues with the difficulty of analyzing data in overlapping registries and multiple databases at centers affiliated with each of the 4 registry organizations. JSHCT was pivotal in orchestrating the computerization and unification of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation registries for the purpose of resolving these issues and providing a more accurate awareness of hematopoietic stem cell transplantations being performed in Japan. JSHCT played a central role in developing the “Transplant Registry Unified Management Program (TRUMP)” to enable transplantation institutes to manage patient information with emphases on convenience to institutes, safety of patient information, and quality of data management. While enhancing domestic registries, the program seeks to coordinate with other hematopoietic cell transplantation registries around the world to contribute to the development of registries throughout Asia.
Epidemiology of Spastic Tetraplegic Cerebral Palsy in Sweden - II. Prevalence, Birth Data and Origin

The prevalence and origin of spastic tetraplegic cerebral palsy (TPL) was investigated in a population-based study from 15 Swedish counties and the city of Gothenburg. The series comprised 96 children and adolescents born in 1959-1978. The prevalence at the ages of 5-24 years was 8 per 100,000. The etiological analysis was based on the 91 TPL subjects, born in Sweden. The preterm rate was 7%. There were 46 males and 45 females. Excluding postnatal cases, the mean birth weight was 2949 g and the proportion of SGA 21%. An obvious prenatal origin was found in 21 (mainly microcephaly, other CNS maldevelopment, intrauterine CMV-infection), an obvious perinatal origin in nine (mainly cerebral hemorrhage), and an obvious postnatal origin in 16 (mainly CNS infection). A potential prenatal origin was considered in six, a combined pre- and perinatal in 15, a perinatal in 13 and in 11 the origin of TPL was untraceable. An optimality analysis showed that reduced optimality in the partum and postpartum periods discriminated between pre- and perinatal etiology of TPL. Cases with obvious perinatally derived TPL had a high load of complications in the partum and postpartum periods, whereas these periods had been fairly uncomplicated in cases with an obviously prenatal origin of TPL. - It was indicated that some 50-55% of TPL was prenatally, around 30% perinatally and some 15-20% postnatally derived. The low preterm rate as well as the proportion of perinatal brain damage in TPL cases has probably increased in recent birth year periods due to the appearance of very preterm, severely multi-impaired children in the CP panorama.
Interaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I), and HTLV-II with in vitro-generated dendritic cells

Although it is known that impairment of dendritic cells (DC) plays a role in the pathogenesis and immunosuppression of retrovirus-associated diseases, it is not clear whether, or to what extent, these antigen-presenting cells themselves become infected. The realization that the cells can be generated in vitro in larger numbers than can be isolated from circulating blood or bone marrow raised the possibility that they could be used for therapeutic purposes. Therefore, we investigated whether DC generated in vitro from CD34 precursors are susceptible to infection when cocultured with human immunodeficiency virus type 1- or human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus-infected cell lines. While there appears to be a remarkable affinity of the viruses for the plasma membranes of the DC, interiorization or budding was not observed in 30 experiments carried out under a variety of conditions.
The Validity of Distinguishing Children with Language and Learning Disabilities According to Discrepancies with IQ

T he articles in this special series address a common topic: the validity of distinguishing subgroups of children with language and learning disabilities based on discrepancies between academic attainment and intelligence test scores (IQ). The basic issue is whether children who show lower academic attainment relative to their IQ scores (i.e., IQ-based discrepancy definition) are different from children who are discrepant in attainment relative to age but not IQ scores (i.e., low achievement or chronological age definition). Each article addresses this issue using a different sample, including two samples of children with language impairment (Aram, Morris, and Hall), two referred samples of children with learning disabilities (Fletcher, Francis, Rourke, Shaywitz, and Shaywitz; Siegel), a sample of twins (Pennington, Gilger, Olsen, and DeFries), an early-braininjured sample (Taylor and Schatsneider), and an epidemiologically derived sample (Shaywitz, Fletcher, Holahan, and Shaywitz). The primary comparisons involve children with deficient attainments in reading, spelling, and/or oral language, who meet either IQ-based discrepancy or low achievement definitions, or both. With the exception of the Aram et al. study, children who meet definitional criteria for impaired groups based on the presence or absence of IQ discrepancy and, in some instances, more than one definitional group (Fletcher et al.; Pennington et al.; Shaywitz et al.) are compared on a set of variables not used to form the groups. These variables include a variety of cognitive, linguistic, and neuropsychological variables that vary considerably in terms of the theoretical source and specific measurement characteristics. Some of the articles in the series also compare familial, sociodemographic, and other characteristics of the subjects among definitional groups (Pennington et al.; Shaywitz et al.; Taylor and Schatsneider). Despite the diversity in samples, measurement characteristics, and statistical approaches, each article finds that differences between children who meet discrepancy or low achievement definitions are either nonexistent or small, and of questionable significance, particularly relative to the variability within groups varying in definition. Consequently, these results question the role of IQ tests for identification of children with LD (Siegel, 1989; Stanovich, 1991) and the validity of the common practice of segregating children with language and academic disabilities according to IQ-based dis-