Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of exploitation of fish ponds in the cultivation of wheat in the winter season on growth performance and total yield of Oreochromis niloticus.

This study aimed to illustrate healthy and profitable alternative culture method for Oreochromis niloticus with wheat. Six earthen ponds (4200 m2) were used in this study. Fish farming has been two successive seasons separated by cultivating wheat in the winter period. Fish farming of O. niloticus in the first season was in the period 15/5/2012 until 21/10/2012 followed cultivating wheat in the period 5/11/2012 until 10/05/2013 followed farming O. niloticus in the period from 21/15/2013 until 27/10 /2013. O. niloticus fish were exposed to three treatments (Two replicates for each treatment). The first treatment fish were fed on artificial feed 25% crude protein only, in the second treatment fish were fed on artificial feed 25% crude protein with inorganic fertilization and in the third treatment fish were fed on artificial feed 25% crude protein with organic fertilization. The wheat was cultured without fertilization. O. niloticus fingerlings averaging 30.07g for first year and 30.83g for second year were assigned randomly (12000 fingerlings/ feddan). Results obtained can be summarized as follows: Season of aquaculture: the first season recorded the highest ranges of body weight (BW), body length (BL), condition factor (K), daily weight gain (DWG) and specific growth rate (SGR). Treatments: treatment3 recorded the highest ranges of body weight (BW), body length (BL), condition factor (K), daily weight gain (DWG) and specific growth rate (SGR). Wheat culture: third tratment recorded the highest ranges of total weight of Wheat crop. Based on results obtained in this study and on the economical evaluation, it could be concluded that, wheat can grow in the fish ponds during the winter season, taking into account feeding O. niloticus on a artificial feeding contain 25% crude protein in addition to organic fertilization using chicken manure also add organic fertilization to increase the weights of fish as well as increasing wheat crop of fish ponds, in addition to that it was the best in terms of economic efficiency compared with other treatments.
The H i velocity function: a test of cosmology or baryon physics?

Accurately predicting the shape of the H i velocity function (VF) of galaxies is regarded widely as a fundamental test of any viable dark matter model. Straightforward analyses of cosmological N-body simulations imply that the Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model predicts an overabundance of low circular velocity galaxies when compared to observed H i VFs. More nuanced analyses that account for the relationship between galaxies and their host haloes suggest that how we model the influence of baryonic processes has a significant impact on H i VF predictions. We explore this in detail by modelling H i emission lines of galaxies in the shark semi-analytic galaxy formation model, built on the surfs suite of ΛCDM N-body simulations. We create a simulated ALFALFA survey, in which we apply the survey selection function and account for effects such as beam confusion, and compare simulated and observed H i velocity width distributions, finding differences of ≲ 50 per cent, orders of magnitude smaller than the discrepancies reported in the past. This is a direct consequence of our careful treatment of survey selection effects and, importantly, how we model the relationship between galaxy and halo circular velocity – the H i mass–maximum circular velocity relation of galaxies is characterized by a large scatter. These biases are complex enough that building a VF from the observed H i linewidths cannot be done reliably.
Chemical Composition of Zanthoxylum avicennae Essential Oil and its Larvicidal Activity on Aedes albopictus Skuse

Purpose: To determine the larvicidal activity of the essential oil derived from Zanthoxylum avicennae (Lam.) DC. (Rutaceae) leaves and stems against the larvae of Aedes albopictus Skuse． Methods: Essential oil of Z. avicenna e leaves and stems were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromaotography-mas spectrometry (GC-MS). The activity of the essential oil was evaluated, using World Health Organization (WHO) procedures, against the fourth larvae of A. albopictus for 24 h and larval mortality recorded at various essential oil concentrations ranging from 12.5 - 200 μg/mL. Results: A total of 31 components of the essential oil of Z. avicennae were identified. The essential oil had higher content of monoterpenoids (65.70 %) than sesquiterpenoids (33.45 %). The principal compounds of the essential oil were 1,8-cineol (53.05 %), β-elemene (6.13 %), α-caryophyllene (5.96%), β-caryophyllene (5.09 %) and caryophyllene oxide (4.59 %). The essential oil exhibited larvicidal activity against A. albopictus with a median lethal concentration (LC50) value of 48.79 μg/mL. Conclusion: The findings obtained indicate that the essential oil of Z. avicennae has potentials for use in the control of A. albopictus larvae and could be useful in the search for newer, safer and more effective natural compounds as larvicides. Keywords: Aedes albopictus , Essential oil, Larvicidal activity, Mosquito, Zanthoxylum avicennae
Longitudinal sound velocities, elastic anisotropy, and phase transition of high-pressure cubic H2O ice to 82 GPa

Water ice is a molecular solid whose behavior under compression reveals the interplay of covalent bonding in molecules and forces acting between them. This interplay determines high-pressure phase transitions, the elastic and plastic behavior of H 2 O ice, which are the properties needed for modeling the convection and internal structure of the giant planets and moons of the solar system as well as H 2 O-rich exoplanets. We investigated experimentally and theoretically elastic properties and phase transitions of cubic H 2 O ice at room temperature and high pressures between 10 and 82 GPa. The time-domain Brillouin scattering (TDBS) technique was used to measure longitudinal sound velocities (V L) in polycrystalline ice samples compressed in a diamond anvil cell. The high spatial resolution of the TDBS technique revealed variations of V L caused by elastic anisotropy, allowing us to reliably determine the fastest and the slowest sound velocity in a single crystal of cubic H 2 O ice and thus to evaluate existing equations of state. Pressure dependencies of the single-crystal elastic moduli C ij (P) of cubic H 2 O ice to 82 GPa have been obtained which indicate its hardness and brittleness. These results were compared with ab initio calculations. It is suggested that the transition from molecular ice VII to ionic ice X occurs at much higher pressures than proposed earlier, probably above 80 GPa.
Towards the automatic detection of avalanches in seismic data using Hidden Markov Models

Seismic monitoring systems are well suited for the remote detection of various mass movements, including snow avalanches. While this has been known since the 1970s, thus far seismic monitoring systems are not widely used in operational forecasting. The difficulty lies in automatically identifying seismic signals generated by avalanches in continuous seismic data streams. While a few studies suggested methods to resolve this problem, high false alarm rates or a lack of validation generally hindered their implementation. We therefore aim at automatically detecting avalanches in the continuous seismic data stream and evaluate model performance in terms of probability of detection and false alarm rate. By using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM), a statistical pattern recognition tool widely used for speech recognition, we construct a wide background. Then we learn from only one single avalanche sample, an event specific classifier to automatically detect avalanches. Using seismic data obtained from avalanche start zones above Davos from 2010, we compare classified events with avalanches manually identified in the seismic data. Using one single classifier, as was done in previous studies using HMM, results in unsatisfactory model performance. This is largely due to continuous changes in environmental noise. Regularly updating the background model is therefore required, resulting in improved overall model performance. While substantial progress is still required, overall our results suggest that the automatic detection of avalanches in seismic data is feasible, bringing us one step closer to implementing seismic monitoring systems in operational forecasting.
Risk Factors and Outcome of Medically Treated Acute Coronary Syndromes

A retrospective study included patients admitted to an intensive care unit with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome from January 2000 to December 2003. Three hundred patients medical histories were reviewed. The underlying risk factors such as a positive family history, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia were obtained. The cause for admission, hospitalization duration, complications and mortality were all taken into consideration and compared statistically. Mean age was 55.2 ± 11.9 years with the male to female ratio of 5.8:1. Diagnoses at the time of admission were ST elevation myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction in 61%, 30%, 9% of the patients, respectively. Thrombolytic treatment had been the golden therapeutic option for ST elevation myocardial infarction available in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, used by 78% of the patients, followed by intravenous anticoagulants and other anti-ischemic medications. The procedures performed were percutaneous coronary angioplasty (3%), coronary bypass grafting (2%), and cardiac catheterization and angiography for further intervention (45%) for the 300 patients, respectively. 26% of patients developed complications. Mortality was higher among females compared to males (13.6% versus 5.9%). In conclusion male gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, positive family history and smoking were the main associated risk factors in our study. ST elevation myocardial infarction was the predominant presentation in our patients. Thrombolytic treatment was the available therapeutic option in our hospital.
Shallow landsliding and catchment connectivity within the Houpoto Forest, New Zealand.

Active landslides and their contribution to catchment connectivity have been investigated within the Houpoto Forest, North Island, New Zealand. The aim was to quantify the proportion of buffered versus coupled landslides and explore how specific physical conditions influenced differences in landslide connectivity. Landsliding and land use changes between 2007 and 2010 were identified and mapped from aerial photography, and the preliminary analyses and interpretations of these data are presented here. The data indicate that forest harvesting made some slopes more susceptible to failure, and consequently many landslides were triggered during subsequent heavy rainfall events. Failures were particularly widespread during two high magnitude (> 200 mm/day) rainfall events, as recorded in 2010 imagery. Connectivity was analysed by quantifying the relative areal extents of coupled and buffered landslides identified in the different images. Approximately 10 % of the landslides were identified as being coupled to the local stream network, and thus directly contributing to the sediment budget. Following liberation of landslides during high-magnitude events, low-magnitude events are thought to be capable of transferring more of this sediment to the channel. Subsequent re-planting of the slopes appears to have helped recovery by increasing the thresholds for failure, thus reducing the number of landslides during subsequent high-magnitude rainfall events. Associated with this is a reduction in slope-channel connectivity. These preliminary results highlight how site specific preconditioning, preparatory and triggering factors contribute to landslide distribution and connectivity, in addition to how efficient reafforestation improves the rate of slope recovery.
Solubilization of calcium and iron phosphate and in vitro production of Indoleacetic acid by Endophytic isolates of Hyptis marrubioides Epling (Lamiaceae )

Plant growth and development are associated with access to minerals and phytohormones. Some microorganisms solubilize phosphate, producing phytohormones with functional features of plant growth promoters. The capacity of endophytic isolates from the root of Hyptis marrubioides Epling, a Lamiaceae, to solubilize calcium phosphate in GELP medium and iron phosphate in modified Reyes basal medium was characterized. Theability of these isolates to synthesize indoleacetic acid (IAA) in DYGS medium supplemented with tryptophan was also determined. Of the 42 bacterial and six fungal strains analyzed by solubilization assays, 20% formed CaHPO 4-solubilization zones, although the level of solubilization was low. None of the fungi tested solubilized CaHPO 4. In contrast, 59% of the microorganisms solubilized high levels of FePO 4, and all of the fungi demonstrated this capacity. Among the bacterial isolates, 52% synthesized IAA, and strainsRF18, RG9, RF13 and RG24 were notable for their significant production of this phytohormone under test conditions (95.13, 39.28, 16.21 and 11.96 µg·mL -1 , respectively). From a biotechnological perspective, the RG9, RG24 and RF18 strains are
Do Revised Giant Panda Population Estimates Aid in Their Conservation

Abstract The small number of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in the world makes this the only species of bear classified as globally endangered on the IUCN red list. The latest rangewide population estimate was derived from scats (feces) found along transects throughout the geographic range of the species. Scats were differentiated into ∼1,600 individuals based on their geographical separation and the size of bamboo stem fragments contained within (reflective of bite-sizes). Recently, a team of researchers (Zhan et al. 2006) conducted genetic analysis of scats in a Chinese Nature Reserve (Wanglang). Their estimate of giant panda numbers there was double that obtained using the bite-size technique. Taking this to be representative of the entire range, they speculated that there could be 3,000 pandas in the wild. Many in the international conservation community heralded this as evidence that panda conservation is working well. Moreover, if the revised rangewide estimate is accepted as true, it could mandate the downlisting of pandas on the red list. We believe that such conclusions are unwarranted, or at least premature. First, the DNA-based estimate in the reserve may have been inflated by lack of geographic closure (which seems probable) and genotyping errors (which we found evidence of). Second, it was inappropriate to extrapolate results from this single point to the entire range of the species. The bite-size technique may substantially underestimate panda numbers in dense populations, such as in Wanglang Nature Reserve, where many nearby individuals likely have similar bite characteristics, whereas the technique may be more accurate in differentiating individuals in more sparsely populated areas. Although molecular-based population estimation is more rigorous than the bite-size method, too much uncertainty exists in the revised estimates to surmise either current population size or trend. We recommend (1) quantification of genotyping error rates for panda feces, (2) comparison of population estimates using bite-sizes and DNA derived from the same, short-term collection of scats, and (3) incorporation of both techniques in the next rangewide population estimate.
AKARI IRC INFRARED 2.5-5 ㎛ SPECTROSCOPY OF NEARBY LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES

We present the result of systematic AKARI IRC infrared 2.5‐5 „m spectroscopy of >100 nearby luminous infrared galaxies, to investigate the energetic roles of starbursts and optically-elusive buried AGNs. Based on (1) the equivalent widths of the 3.3 „m PAH emission features, (2) the optical depths of absorption features, and (3) continuum slopes, we can disentangle emission from starbursts and AGNs. We find that the energetic importance of buried AGNs increases with increasing galaxy infrared luminosities, suggesting that the AGN-starburst connections (and thereby possible AGN feedback to host galaxies) are luminosity dependent.
Layered SGD: A Decentralized and Synchronous SGD Algorithm for Scalable Deep Neural Network Training

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is the most popular algorithm for training deep neural networks (DNNs). As larger networks and datasets cause longer training times, training on distributed systems is common and distributed SGD variants, mainly asynchronous and synchronous SGD, are widely used. Asynchronous SGD is communication efficient but suffers from accuracy degradation due to delayed parameter updating. Synchronous SGD becomes communication intensive when the number of nodes increases regardless of its advantage. To address these issues, we introduce Layered SGD (LSGD), a new decentralized synchronous SGD algorithm. LSGD partitions computing resources into subgroups that each contain a communication layer (communicator) and a computation layer (worker). Each subgroup has centralized communication for parameter updates while communication between subgroups is handled by communicators. As a result, communication time is overlapped with I/O latency of workers. The efficiency of the algorithm is tested by training a deep network on the ImageNet classification task.
Service Quality Level as the Determinant of Consumer Emotional Loyalty and Fantasy in South Africa’s Pick & Pay Chain Stores

Despite the increase in research focusing on service level in retailing sector, there seem to be lack of studies that have investigated the influence of service quality level on customer emotional loyalty and fantasy in the African retailing context. Therefore, using a data set of 151 from athletes in Gauteng Province of South Africa, this study examines these relationships. All the posited two hypotheses are supported. The results indicate that retailer service level has positive and significant influence on consumer emotional loyalty and consumer fantasy. The research paper discusses both academic and managerial implications of the results and future research directions are suggested. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013. v4n3p579
THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY UNCERTAINTY ON EARLY SUPPLIER INTEGRATION IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

This study examines how the presence of technology uncertainty affects the benefits of integrating suppliers in the product development process. A framework was created to cover the different aspects of technology uncertainty discussed in current empirical studies. From this a survey instrument was created and a sample of data collected from companies engaged in product development projects. The analysis confirmed most aspects of the technology uncertainty framework. A tendency towards strategic and long-term buyer-supplier relationships leading to better product development performance was shown. Thorough supplier assessment using cross-functional teams and formal IP and confidentiality agreements were shown to benefit supplier integration in the Fuzzy Front End of product development. The benefits from integrating suppliers in the Fuzzy Front End seem to be positively moderated by the level of experience the buying-organization has with the technology provided by the supplier. This runs counter to the prediction that supplier integration should be more beneficial if the buying-organization has less knowledge about the supplier s technology.
Chronic, Lethal Versus Acute, Non-lethal Threats: A Look inside the Memories of Cancer Patients at the Time of Their Diagnosis

Consequentiality, affect, and rehearsal are also important components that help contribute to the recall of autobiographical memories. Traditionally, these features have been assessed in public dramatic events in the past such as the Challenger explosion and the 9111 terrorist attack. In opposition to these traditionally studied events, the present study examined the effects of these features on five different private events. An analysis of these different experiences was assessed to determine the role of consequentiality, affect, and rehearsal play on memory recall. These three components were assessed in five different events during different points of the lifetime. Adults diagnosed with a cancer diagnosis (N = 44) were examined and compared to adults who heard about their child's injury (N = 63, Hillman et al., 2010), adults who viewed their child's injury (N = 37 Hillman et al., 2010), adults who experienced a car accident (N = 74, Shaneyfelt, Minor, & Bohannon, 2008), and adults who experienced an injury during their childhood (N = 109, Hillman et al., 2010). All of these events were measures with a two part survey that consisted of a free recall narrative of the event and a detailed series of proved questions which included ratings of vividness, affect, and an estimate of rehearsals. Cancer diagnosis memories yielded the highest memory detail and recounts, but the lowest vividness ratings. This finding sheds light on how the method of information input plays different roles in both memory quality
To Drive or not to Drive? : a Simple Evolutionary Model

Car use is an increasingly serious problem in many modern cities because of polluting emissions, noise, accidents and congestion. To examine this issue, this paper analyzes the individual choice between taking the car and using alternative transport modes (e.g. walking, cycling, taking the bus etc.) in the presence of cars’ negative impacts on alternative transport modes. Using a simple evolutionary model, we show the existence of suboptimal Nash equilibria characterized by the widespread use of cars and discuss the effects of simple transport policies that reduce cars’ negative impacts on alternative transport modes.
A review-classification of electrooculogram based human computer interfaces

Today there is an increasing need for assistive technology to help people with disabilities to attain some level of autonomy in terms of communication and movement. People with disabilities, especially total paralysis is often unable to use the biological communication channels such as voice and gestures hence digital communication channels are required. Research on Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is striving to help such individuals to convert human intentions into control signals to operate devices. The technique of measuring cornea retinal potential associated with eye movement is called Electrooculography. Eye movements are behaviors that can be measured and their measurements provide the sensitive means of learning about cognitive and visual stimuli. A human eye conveys a great deal of information with regards to the direction of the eye movements. Further, the direction in which an individual is looking shows where his or her attention is focused. Eye movements are naturally divided into three categories one is the saccades in which eyes quickly change the point of fixation and another is a smooth pursuit movement in which eyes to closely follow a moving object at a steady coordinated velocity, rather than in saccades and the other is a vergence movement in which eye rotates in the opposite direction. By tracking the position of the eye movement useful interfaces can be developed that permit the user to commune and control in a more general way. This paper convey some basic idea about various feature extraction techniques and classification techniques used to categorize the eye movement tasks and also it gives a vision on different issues associated in the field of Electrooculography based Human Computer Interface.