Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
icroleakage in root canals obturated l compaction , warm vertical compaction low system

n: Root canal obturation seals the root canal system to prevent re-entry and/or croorganisms. The provision of an appropriate restoration to coronally seal the affects the success of endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to coronal microbial leakage in root canals that were either filled by lateral uttaFlow or warm vertical compaction. and Methods: In this ex vivo study, 80 single-rooted human extracted teeth y divided into three experimental groups (n=20) and two positive and negative s (n=10). The teeth in experimental groups were obturated with cold lateral uttaFlow system or warm vertical compaction techniques. After sterilization of tem with gamma-ray, saliva leakage was tested using a split-chamber model. re monitored every 24 hours for 30 days. The data were analyzed using log-rank eier survival analysis tests. ere were no significant differences in impeding saliva leakage between the three roups (P>0.05). : Under the conditions of this ex vivo study, it can be concluded that the sealing d lateral compaction, warm vertical compaction and GuttaFlow system was
A novel signal processing coprocessor for n-dimensional geometric algebra applications

This paper provides an implementation of a novel signal processing co-processor using a Geometric Algebra technique tailored for fast and complex geometric calculations in multiple dimensions. This is the first hardware implementation of Geometric Algebra to specifically address the issue of scalability to multiple (1 - 8) dimensions. This paper presents a detailed description of the implementation, with a particular focus on the techniques of optimization used to improve performance. Results are presented which demonstrate at least 3x performance improvements compared to previously published work.
Growth and survival of cryopreserved oyster and clam larvae along a pollution gradient in the German Bight

The effects of contaminants along a well-defined North Sea pollution gradient were assessed during the Bremerhaven Workshop using cryopreserved veliger larvae of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the Manila clam Tapes philippinarum. The results demonstrate that larval survival steadily improves as the transect moves offshore towards the Dogger Bank, with higher mortalities occurring in the surface microlayer and sediment elutriate samples than in the subsurface bulk waters. Clam larvae were more sensitive to contaminants and natural food availability than the younger oyster larvae. The results from survival and growth data also discriminate between 2 dominant local water masses traversed by the transect.
Benthic diatom flora of freshwater and saline lakes in the Larsemann Hills and Rauer Islands, East Antarctica

A floristic and taxonomic survey was made of the diatom communities of sediments and microbial mats in 66 freshwater and saline lakes and pools in the Larsemann Hills, Rauer Islands and Bølingen Islands (continental eastern Antarctica). A total of 31 taxa were distinguished, 10 of which could not be identified to species (nine) or even generic (one) level, either because they have most probably not yet been described or because they belong to species complexes that are in need of revision. Four new combinations are proposed; three species are reported for the first time from continental Antarctica, while another three are confirmed for eastern Antarctica for the first time. Analysis of literature data on Antarctic lacustrine diatoms shows that taxonomic practice has a profound influence on the assessment of distribution patterns. Force-fitting of European and North American names to Antarctic taxa and erroneous identifications have contributed to an underestimation of endemism in the diatom flora of Antarctic inland waters. In addition, changing concepts on species boundaries during the last decade influence the interpretation of biogeographic patterns. The application of a more fine grained taxonomy will almost certainly reveal a higher degree of endemism in Antarctica, and especially continental Antarctica. The present case study shows that in the Larsemann Hills Antarctic endemics account for about 40% of all freshwater and brackish taxa, while the biogeographic distribution of about 26% is unknown, mainly due to their uncertain taxonomic identity. This contradicts the view that cosmopolitanism prevails in Antarctic diatoms.
Management Ownership and Firm's Value: An Empirical Analysis Using Panel Data

Demsetz and Lehn (1985), Morck, Shleifer, and Vishny (1988), and McConnell and Servaes (1990) report different empirical findings regarding ownership structure and corporate profitability. In this paper, we re-estimate the relation between management ownership and firm's value after controlling for the history of management ownership as well as inter-firm differences using panel data. Further, we consider the possibility that the current ownership structure is jointly determined with the firm value, an endogeneity argument a la Demsetz (1983). We find that history of the management ownership, not its current level, matters in determining the firm value, which is consistent with information asymmetry arguments.
The application of resilience assessment—resilience of what, to what, with what? A case study based on Caledon, Ontario, Canada

Resilience assessment can be used to determine major issues, stakeholders, vulnerabilities, and opportunities of a social– ecological system to enhance resilience. A resilience assessment was conducted on the Town of Caledon, Ontario between 2010 and 2011 using the Resilience Assessment Workbook for Practitioners (version 1). The assessment explores the following three questions: Resilience of what? Resilience to what? Resilience with what? The answer to the first question describes the history, main issues, and stakeholders of the focal system. The answers to the remaining two questions describe potential resilience threats and assets, respectively. The assessment results include (1) identified resilience threats and assets of Caledon as a social–ecological system in the context of urban growth; (2) a cross-scalar study of Caledon in its ecological, social, and economic domains; (3) interviews with 26 community members on the topics of urban growth and resilience; and (4) recommendations for Caledon to enhance its resilience in face of urban growth pressures. The results reveal the significance of continual learning, engaged citizenship, and cross-scalar collaboration between governmental bodies. The assessment results also highlight some particular features that would enhance the resilience of Caledon, such as nurturing the health of agroecosystems, developing trade-off rules for conflict resolution, and treating low-impact urban development as an opportunity. This research provides a case study of resilience assessment of a community that undergoes a rural–urban divide. Emerging themes of resilience are identified. Research limitations and suggestions are presented at the end of this paper.
Markov-Perfect Rent Dissipation in Rights-Based Fisheries

Abstract We present a general dynamic model of within-season harvesting competition in a fishery managed with individual transferable quotas. Markov-perfect equilibrium (MPE) harvesting and quota purchase strategies are derived using numerical collocation methods. We identify rent loss caused by a heterogeneous-in-value fish stock, congestion on the fishing ground, revenue competition, and stock uncertainty. Our results show that biological, technological, and market conditions under which rents will be dissipated in a standard individual transferable quota program are fairly special. We offer new insights for designing rights-based programs capable of generating resource rent in marine fisheries. JEL Classification Codes: Q2
A Systematic Study of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Interactions

Sustainable development goals (SDGs) have set the 2030 agenda to transform our world by tackling multiple challenges humankind is facing to ensure well‐being, economic prosperity, and environmental protection. In contrast to conventional development agendas focusing on a restricted set of dimensions, the SDGs provide a holistic and multidimensional view on development. Hence, interactions among the SDGs may cause diverging results. To analyze the SDG interactions we systematize the identification of synergies and trade‐offs using official SDG indicator data for 227 countries. A significant positive correlation between a pair of SDG indicators is classified as a synergy while a significant negative correlation is classified as a trade‐off. We rank synergies and trade‐offs between SDGs pairs on global and country scales in order to identify the most frequent SDG interactions. For a given SDG, positive correlations between indicator pairs were found to outweigh the negative ones in most countries. Among SDGs the positive and negative correlations between indicator pairs allowed for the identification of particular global patterns. SDG 1 (No poverty) has synergetic relationship with most of the other goals, whereas SDG 12 (Responsible consumption and production) is the goal most commonly associated with trade‐offs. The attainment of the SDG agenda will greatly depend on whether the identified synergies among the goals can be leveraged. In addition, the highlighted trade‐offs, which constitute obstacles in achieving the SDGs, need to be negotiated and made structurally nonobstructive by deeper changes in the current strategies.
Comparison of size‐dependent carbon, nitrate, and silicic acid uptake rates in high‐ and low‐iron waters

We compare the relative contribution of large phytoplankton (>5 and >10 µm) to uptake rates of carbon (C), nitrate (NO3−), and dissolved silicon (Si) and uptake ratios of Si :NO and Si :C in Monterey Bay, California (a high‐iron region) with three low‐iron regions in the eastern tropical Pacific: the Costa Rica upwelling dome, Humboldt current, and Peru upwelling. We also demonstrate the effect of iron enrichment on the above parameters in the latter three regions. In Monterey Bay waters, the >5‐µm size fraction accounted on average for the majority of particulate organic C and was responsible for 92% of total C uptake, 81% of total NO3− uptake, and 98% of total 23 Si uptake. In contrast, in low‐iron eastern tropical Pacific waters, the >5‐µm size fraction accounted for less than half of the particulate organic C and was responsible for a substantially smaller proportion of total C and NO3− uptake: 27—43% for C and 34—59% for NO3−. Iron enrichment experiments in the eastern tropical Pacific resulted in much higher NO3−, C, and Si uptake rates, although increases were restricted to cells in the >5‐µm size fraction. Si:NO and Si:C uptake ratios decreased after iron addition at most locations, and decreases were a direct result of lower Si:NO3− and Si:C uptake ratios in the >5‐µm size fraction. Our results suggest that iron availability is a major factor regulating primary production, new production, Si uptake, and Si:NO3− and Si :C uptake ratios in the larger phytoplankton size classes in high‐nitrate, low‐chlorophyll (HNLC) regions in the eastern tropical Pacific.
Morphological analysis of phytoplankton as a tool to assess ecological state of aquatic ecosystems: the case of Lake Arancio, Sicily, Italy

Abstract Phytoplankton requires a sufficient supply of light and nutrients to grow. At the same time it is largely entrained in water motion and is subject to grazing from planktonic herbivores. The pelagic life of lake phytoplankton is based on 4 pillars: living in suspension, light harvesting, nutrient uptake, and escape from grazing. Environmental variability and the uneven distribution of resources among and within the different aquatic ecosystems exert a selective pressure on these organisms, which are formed by a single cell or by colonies with either relatively low or high numbers of cells. Phytoplankton displays an amazing morphological variability representing an adaptation to spatial and temporal variability of their environments. Among functional traits of phytoplankton, morphological features such as shape and size represent an unavoidable starting point to fully understand the relationships between this group of organisms and its environment. The molding effect of environmental variables on phytoplankton morphology is particularly evident in highly dynamic environments such as reservoirs or ponds. The analysis of phytoplankton morphology can thus supply important information on the ecological conditions of a given waterbody. To support this hypothesis, data are presented on the main morphological features of phytoplankton from a 20-year limnological investigation carried out in a Mediterranean man-made lake. The results show that phytoplankton morphological variability reflects different environmental scenarios, and that the morphological features of phytoplankton represent a powerful tool to assess the ecological or trophic state of aquatic ecosystems.
Four Hurdles in the Assignment of Nurses in Residential Psychiatric Care

Nurses are assigned to a patient for his or her entire hospital stay. However, patients’ needs change during the period of their recovery. The aptitude of the assigned nurse does not always match these changed needs. The results of a study on nurse aptitudes to care for depressed patients indicate that, as a patient’s depressive feelings change, a nurse with an aptitude that supports the patient’s current needs should be assigned to care for that patient. This suggestion is at odds with current assignment practices. This paper explores this new way of thinking about nurse assignment in residential psychiatric care and delineates four hurdles to take.
The Calabi invariant and the Euler class

WVe show the following relationship between the Euler class for the group of the orientation preserving diffeomorphisms of the circle and the Calabi invariant for the group of area preserving diffeomorphisms of the disk which are the identity along the boundary. A diffeomorphism of the circle admits an extension which is an area preserving diffeomorphism of the disk. For a homomorphism i from the fundamental group (al, * * , a2g; [ar, a2] * * -a2g 1, a2g]) of a closed surface to the group of the diffeomorphisms of the circle, by taking the extensions 0(ai) for the generators ai, one obtains the product [4'(a1),' (a2)] . [g(a29-), 4(a29)] of their conimutators, and this is an area preserving diffeomorphism of the disk which is the identity along the boundary. Then the Calabi invariant of this area preserving diffeomorphisrmi is a non-zero multiple of the Euler class of the associated circle bundle evaluated on the fundamental cycle of the surface.
The annual and longitudinal variations in plasmaspheric ion density

[1] This paper shows that at solar maximum, equatorial ion densities at L = 2.5 are substantially higher at American longitudes in the December months than in the June months. This arises because the configuration of the geomagnetic field causes a longitude-dependent asymmetry in ionospheric solar illumination at conjugate points that is greatest at American longitudes. For example, at −60°E geographic longitude the L = 2.5 field line has its foot point near 65° geographic latitude in the Southern Hemisphere but near 42° latitude in the Northern Hemisphere. We investigated the consequent effects on equatorial electron and ion densities by comparing ground-based observations of ULF field line eigenoscillations with in situ measurements of electron densities (from the CRRES and IMAGE spacecraft) and He+ densities (IMAGE) for L = 2.5 at solar maximum. Near −60°E longitude the electron and ion mass densities are about 1.5 and 2.2 times larger, respectively, in the December months than in the June months. Over the Asia-Pacific region there is little difference between summer and winter densities. Plasmaspheric empirical density models should be modified accordingly. By comparing the electron, helium, and mass densities, we estimate the annual variation in H+, He+, and O+ concentrations near −3°E longitude and −74°E longitude. In each case the He+ concentration is about 5% by number, but O+ concentrations are substantially higher at −3°E longitude compared with −74° E. We speculate that this may be related to enhanced ionospheric temperatures associated with the South Atlantic anomaly.
Dynamics of a non-autonomous ratio-dependent predator—prey system

We investigate a non-autonomous ratio-dependent predator–prey system, whose autonomous versions have been analysed by several authors. For the general non-autonomous case, we address such properties as positive invariance, permanence, non-persistence and the globally asymptotic stability for the system. For the periodic and almost-periodic cases, we obtain conditions for existence, uniqueness and stability of a positive periodic solution, and a positive almost-periodic solution, respectively.
Interactive virtual prototyping architecture applied to lighting design: a developmental case-study

The conceptualization and communication of an interactive product plays a crucial part in the creation of a satisfactory ∗e-mail: rikbeyen@gmail.com †e-mail: grigg.r@nhtv.nl ‡e-mail: chris.damkat@philips.com product. Virtual prototyping helps with this by decreasing iteration time, reducing cost of prototyping, and potentially increasing the quality of the product; however, existing virtual prototyping software does not work effectively on interactive products due to the separation of virtual and physical iteration cycles. To solve this problem, a novel architectural model is proposed which incorporates these two iteration cycles in one. This is accomplished by using a client-server architecture where the server handles the hardware logic and the clients, comprised of physical and virtual clients, communicate changes to the server for synchronisation. This paper evaluates the proposed model on both work efficiency and quality in lighting design substituting a virtual client for the physical. It was found that the the proposed architecture has a 2% difference from the server output and decreases the time spent prototyping to approximately half over that of traditional methods.
Localisation of Drone Controllers from RF Signals using a Deep Learning Approach

Despite their many uses, small commercial Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) or drones pose significant security risks. There is, therefore, a need to find methods of detecting, localising and countering these vehicles. This paper presents work towards autonomously localising drone controllers from the Radio Frequency (RF) signals they emit. An RF sensor array is used to monitor the signal spectrum. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is trained to be able to predict the bearing of the drone controller, relative to the sensor, given its output. The position of the controllers can then be calculated from these bearings, provided that at least two such sensors are deployed a reasonable distance apart. The model is able to achieve a mean absolute error of 3.67° in bearing calculation, which translates into a moderate positional error of 40m at a range of 500m.
Blocking of Sterol Biosynthesis by Statin Enhances Carotenoid Production in Dunaliella.

In order to meet the demand for -carotene, which is gaining commercial significance due to its health attributes, the algae Dunaliella is being commercially exploited. The current study was aimed at finding methods for enhanced production of -carotene and also to understand the relationship between other pathways which were interlinked. The unicellular marine micro algal strains of Dunaliella species namely Dunaliella salina and Dunaliella bardawil were studied to understand the effect of atorvastatin, a well-known drug and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor which inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis. Different concentrations of atorvastatin (5.0, 10.0 and 25.0 mg L) were employed at different time intervals of growth (added on 3, 6 and 9 day). The algae were harvested and analyzed for yield of fresh biomass, and contents of -carotene and squalene. Squalene content of the treated groups was analyzed and no traces were found whereas the control cultures of D. bardawil and D. salina contained 0.6 μg g and 0.53 μg g of squalene, respectively. Subsequently SDS-PAGE analysis showed an increase in the contents of lycopene cyclase (43.0 KD) in the treated cultures which was also further confirmed by analysis of lycopene cyclase activity. The total carotenoids content was found to be enhanced by 1.9and 1.4-fold after 16 days in D. bardawil treated with 10 mg L and 25.0 mg L of statin, respectively while in D. salina this content was enhanced 1.8and 2fold, respectively in the same time period. D. salina accumulated 3.15 mg L of carotenoids in the 10 mg L atorvastatin treatment. Correspondingly, D. bardawil accumulated 5.6 mg L of carotenoids in the 10 mg L atorvastatin treatment. This is the first report on the effect of atorvastatin on the microalgae Dunaliella. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Role of Molecular Chaperones (Hspas/Hsp70S) in Oral Health and Oral Inflammatory Diseases: A Review

Heat shock proteins of the 70kDa family (HSPAs/HSP70s) are major molecular chaperones and cytokines of most cells and microbes, extracellular and interstitial fluids, blood, synovial fluids and secretory body fluids like saliva. The induction of human HSPAs plays an important role at cellular level under most stress conditions; whereas microbial HSPAs improve microbial tolerance to environmental changes, and improve virulence and resistance against antimicrobial peptides. Extracellular HSPAs reveal cytoprotective properties and are involved in numerous physiological and pathological events, including modulation of cytokine release and immunity. Accordingly, HSPAs play a role in the maintenance of pulpal health, and the repair of injured dental hard tissues. HSPAs also play a role in stress adaptation of periodontal tissues, and in the maintenance of periodontal and mucosal health including defense against microbes, prevention of mucosal allergic reactions, and facilitation of healing of ulcers and wounds. Despite their advantageous effects maintaining health of several oral tissues, HSPAs are likely to play a role in the disadvantageous amplification of pulpal inflammatory response to bacteria, and in the formation of several periapical inflammatory lesions. HSPAs may also induce gingivitis under certain conditions, and play a role in the progression of periodontal bone defects. HSPAs may also play a role in atopic-type allergic reactions, autoimmune disorders, and haptenation in certain cases. Based on the above data, it can be assumed that HSPAs play an important role in oral defense under healthy conditions; however, their role is somewhat “Janus-faced” under pathological conditions.