Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Curriculum vitae of the LOTOS – EUROS ( v 2 . 0 ) chemistry transport model

The development and application of chemistry transport models has a long tradition. Within the Netherlands the LOTOS–EUROS model has been developed by a consortium of institutes, after combining its independently developed predecessors in 2005. Recently, version 2.0 of the model was released as an open-source version. This paper presents the curriculum vitae of the model system, describing the model’s history, model philosophy, basic features and a validation with EMEP stations for the new benchmark year 2012, and presents cases with the model’s most recent and key developments. By setting the model developments in context and providing an outlook for directions for further development, the paper goes beyond the common model description. With an origin in ozone and sulfur modelling for the models LOTOS and EUROS, the application areas were gradually extended with persistent organic pollutants, reactive nitrogen, and primary and secondary particulate matter. After the combination of the models to LOTOS–EUROS in 2005, the model was further developed to include new source parametrizations (e.g. road resuspension, desert dust, wildfires), applied for operational smog forecasts in the Netherlands and Europe, and has been used for emission scenarios, source apportionment, and long-term hindcast and climate change scenarios. LOTOS–EUROS has been a front-runner in data assimilation of ground-based and satellite observations and has participated in many model intercomparison studies. The model is no longer confined to applications over Europe but is also applied to other regions of the world, e.g. China. The increasing interaction with emission experts has also contributed to the improvement of the model’s performance. The philosophy for model development has always been to use knowledge that is state of the art and proven, to keep a good balance in the level of detail of process description and accuracy of input and output, and to keep a good record on the effect of model changes using benchmarking and validation. The performance of v2.0 with respect to EMEP observations is good, with spatial correlations around 0.8 or higher for concentrations and wet deposition. Temporal correlations are around 0.5 or higher. Recent innovative applications include source apportionment and data assimilation, particle number modelling, and energy transition scenarios including corresponding land use changes as well as Saharan dust forecasting. Future developments would enable more flexibility with respect to model horizontal and vertical resolution and further detailing of model input data. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 4146 A. M. M. Manders et al.: Curriculum vitae of the LOTOS–EUROS (v2.0) chemistry transport model This includes the use of different sources of land use characterization (roughness length and vegetation), detailing of emissions in space and time, and efficient coupling to meteorology from different meteorological models.
Evaluating the Effectiveness Roles of Variables in the Novice Programmers Learning

This research applies the roles of variables to the novice programmers in the C language programming. The results are evaluated using the Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO) taxonomy. The participants were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The students from the control group learned programming in the traditional case-based teaching method. The students in the experimental group learned programming by applying the role-based approach to the case-based teaching method. For the purposes of determining the effects of the role-based teaching, the SOLO taxonomy was used to evaluate the results of the participants’ final paper–pencil test. The SOLO level of the code reading and code writing was graded according to the SOLO categories for program comprehension and construction. Data analyses show that (a) there was a higher level of performance and cognitive ability in the experimental group, (b) there were some positive and significant correlations between student’s final examination scores and their SOLO level of the code reading and code writing, and (c) the SOLO level of the code writing and code reading was significantly related. These results suggest that the role of variable is effective on improving novice programming.
Evaluating Peer Instruction in First-year University Computer Science Courses

Evaluating Peer Instruction in First-Year University Computer Science Courses Daniel Zingaro Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Curriculum, Teaching and Learning University of Toronto 2014 Computer Science 1 (CS1) is the first Computer Science (CS) course taken by those interested in post-secondary CS study. The research community has long lamented high failure rates that seem to be common across schools and countries. In addition, much research over the past several decades suggests that students are not learning what we hope for them to learn. In this thesis, I investigate Peer Instruction (PI) as a new pedagogical approach for teaching CS1. PI is an active learning pedagogy developed by physics education researchers where students discuss conceptual material in groups and respond to questions using clickers. PI has been taken up by CS educators in the past few years. I begin by identifying the components of PI and how they might be appropriated to a CS (rather than physics) context. I then offer a quasi-experiment of a PI class and a lecture class: a “learning competition” to determine which pedagogical approach wins. I use a variety of outcome measures, in addition to grade, to gain a deeper understanding into the effect that the pedagogical shift has on particular types of students. I find that students in the PI section score 4.4% higher on a common final exam than students in the lecture section. Though this is substantial in terms of grades, the non-significant statistical result means that we cannot infer that similar gains can be expected in other situations. In addition, PI increases students’ self-efficacy (a construct known to be closely linked to performance accomplishment and persistence) and enjoyment. Further, using achievement goal theory, I show that PI increases interest for those students oriented toward interpersonal achievement but not for those oriented toward intrapersonal improvement. Taken together, my findings offer evidence for the utility of PI as a CS1 pedagogy that not only leads to better grades but also to enhanced sociocognitive and socioemotional investment.
Advanced Techniques in Gradient-Domain Rendering

Rendering realistic images requires solving the notoriously hard physically-based light transport problem. Almost all of the state-of-the-art physically-based rendering methods use Monte-Carlo sampling of the light paths contributing to the image. These methods suffer from variance until convergence. Depending on the scene, an impracticable amount of time might be required to get a clean image. A recently developed method called gradient-domain Metropolis light transport mitigates this problem. It first samples the image-space finite differences of paths alongside the paths themselves and then reconstructs a clean image from the sampled data by applying a screened Poisson reconstruction. The method exploits two properties: first, the gradients of natural images are usually much sparser than the image itself, thus sampling efforts can be concentrated in fewer regions of the path space. Second, sampling finite differences allows using correlated sampling in rendering, which can strongly reduce noise in the finite differences. Both properties combined lead to dramatical speed-ups compared to classical (Markov-chain) Monte-Carlo rendering methods. This dissertation builds up on the aforementioned gradient-domain Metropolis light transport and proposes a number of improvements and generalizations. We improve the sampling by replacing finite differences by arbitrary differences and by combining different sampling strategies in an unbiased way. We also generalize the method to non-MLT rendering methods like bidirectional path tracing. Further, we develop an algorithm that regularizes the screened Poisson reconstruction by using auxiliary scene information in order to increase image quality. This leads to the first method that combines gradient-domain rendering with classical image-space denoising. And finally, we incorporate temporal finite differences in gradient-domain rendering in order to create stable animations, thus making gradient-domain rendering an even more appealing option for production rendering.
Time Efficiency of Information Retrieval with Geographic Filtering

This study addresses the question of time efficiency of two major models within Information Retrieval (IR): the Extended Boolean Model (EBM) and the Vector Space Model (VSM). Both models use the same weighting scheme, based on term-frequency-inverse document frequency (tf-idf). The VSM uses a cosine score computation to rank the document-query similarity. In the EBM, P-norm scores are used, which ranks documents not just by matching terms, but also by taking the Boolean interconnections between the terms in the query into account. Additionally, this study investigates how documents with a single geographic affiliation can be retrieved based on features such as the location and geometry of the geographic surface. Furthermore, we want to answer how to best integrate this geographic search with the two IR-models previously described.From previous research we conclude that using an index based on Z-Space Filling Curves (Z-SFC) is the best approach for documents containing a single geographic affiliation. When documents are retrieved from the Z-SFC-index, there are no guarantees that the retrieved documents are relevant for the search area. It is, however, guaranteed that only the retrieved documents can be relevant. Furthermore, the ranked output of the IR models gives a great advantage to the geographic search, namely that we can focus on documents with a high relevance. We intersect the results from one of the IR models with the results from the Z-SFC index and sort the resulting list of documents by relevance. At this point we can iterate over the list, check for intersections of each document's geometry and the search geometry, and only retrieve documents whose geometries are relevant for the search. Since the user is only interested in the top results we can stop as soon as a sufficient amount of results have been obtained.The conclusion of this study is that the VSM is an easy-to-implement, time efficient, retrieval model. It is inferior to the EBM in the sense that it is a rather simple bag-of-words model, while the EBM allows to specify term- conjunctions and disjunctions. The geographic search has shown to be time efficient and independent of which of the two IR models that is used. The gap in efficiency between the VSM and the EBM, however, drastically increases as the query gets longer and more results are obtained. Depending on the requirements of the user, the collection size, the length of queries, etc., the benefits of the EBM might outweigh the downside of performance. For search engines with a big document collection and many users, however, it is likely to be too slow.
The dynamics of relational and contractual governance mechanisms in knowledge sharing of collaborative R&D projects

The purpose of this paper is to explore the dynamics of relational and contractual governance mechanisms in vertical buyer–supplier R&D projects requiring both knowledge sharing and protection. Prior literature has recognised the mutual impact of relational and contractual governance on knowledge sharing, but treats the linkages in a rather static way. This research introduces a more explicit process perspective, and combines four concepts: trust, relational norms, contracts and intellectual property rights (IPRs). The paper concentrates on the roles and interplay of both types of mechanisms in the different project phases. We collected qualitative interview data from four buyer–supplier R&D collaboration projects, each pair serving as a unit of analysis. Our findings indicate that both contractual and relational governance mechanisms play a role in buyer–supplier R&D collaboration but their relative importance varies according to the collaboration phase. Whereas in the exploration phase trust may even substitute contractual governance, both mechanisms support each other in the development phase. Contractual mechanisms are emphasised in the finalisation phase, although relational mechanisms also play a role. The lesson for management understanding is that both types of mechanisms should be considered simultaneously throughout the collaboration process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
User evaluations of MIS success: what are we really measuring?

Many empirical studies in MIS literature ask users for their evaluations of systems as a measure of IS success. These user evaluations are variously called user attitudes, information satisfaction, MIS appreciation, information channel disposition, value, usefulness, etc. Do all these terms refer to the same underlying construct? If there are different constructs, what are they, and which instruments cover which constructs? There has been no clear discussion in the literature comparing these different measures, and no framework has been developed by which to compare them. MIS researchers are faced with some confusion about how to compare results across studies, and a lack of guidance in choosing an appropriate instrument for new empirical work. A theoretical framework is presented showing the critical constructs which lead in a causal fashion from systems and their characteristics to performance impacts at the individual level. This allows one to more clearly define and contrast the various user evaluation constructs, and to develop guidance for researchers contemplating employing them. <<ETX>>
Lucan/The Word at War

there is a word — which bears a sword — can pierce an armed man it hurls its barbed syllables — and is mute again where it fell — the saved will tell — on patriotic day some epauletted brother — gave his breath away Dickinson (c. 1858) your gaze scans the streets as if they were written pages: the city says everything you must think, makes you repeat her discourse, and while you believe you are visiting Tarnara you are only recording the names with which she defines herself and all her parts Calvino (1979) 1.1. Since ‘World War War 2’ the study of Lucan's rhetoric has made successful, if sporadic and contested, advances on many fronts; much remains to be done for his poetic. It is likely that the ‘unassuming’ exegetical form of attention traditionally represented in classical scholarship by the former has favoured its development: you may identify a crazy (ab)use of, say, metalepsis without committing yourself to a particular valuation of a text; whereas the axiomatically enthusiastic valuation embodied in the study of poetics must soon come hard up against the trench-lines of hierarchies of sensibility and taste. Just how good is Lucan — I mean, as ‘a poet’? The often unspoken gloss is nearly always the (sub)agenda (The answer is, still: ‘Quite good: Silver.’). Those who have steadied their sights have made out a poet's design, a fight to achieve a strong identity over against his inheritance, working through and against the traditional battery of schemata.
Joint 'dirty paper' pre-coding and downlink beamforming

We consider the problem of joint interference balancing in a frequency flat vector broadcast channel with non-cooperating receivers and perfect channel information at the transmitter. We propose a transmission strategy, that combines vector Costa pre-coding and transmit beamforming. Our approach differs from related work (e.g. Caire and Shamai, 2001) in that we do not consider the sum rate as the design goal. Instead, it is required that the users fulfill individual target SINRs. If this problem is feasible for a given power constraint, excess transmission power can be minimized. By using an interesting duality between broadcast and multiple-access channels, an efficient algorithm is developed, which finds the optimal transmission powers and spatial pre-filters. For the 2-user scenario, we derive a closed-form solution, which illustrates the rate trade-off between two users under a given power constraint.
Alignment Based Induction of Morphology Grammar and its Role for Bootstrapping

Diﬀ erent Alignment Based Learning (ABL) algorithms have been proposed for unsupervised grammar induction, e. g. Zaanen (2001) and Dejean (1998), in particular for the induction of syntactic rules. However, ABL seems to be better suited for the induction of morphological rules. In this paper we show how unsupervised hypothesis generation with ABL algorithms can be used to induce a lexicon and morphological rules for various types of languages, e. g. agglutinative or polysynthetic languages. The resulting morphological rules and structures are optimized with the use of conﬂ icting constraints on the size and statistical properties of the grammars, i. e. Minimium Description Length and Minimum Relative Entropy together with Maximum Average Mutual Information. Further, we discuss how the resulting (optimal and regular) grammar can be used for lexical clustering/classiﬁ cation for the induction of syntactic (context free) rules.
An empirical examination of EFL learners' perceptual learning styles and acceptance of ASR-based computer-assisted pronunciation training

This study aims to explore the structural relationships among the variables of EFL (English as a foreign language) learners' perceptual learning styles and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Three hundred and forty-one (n = 341) EFL learners were invited to join a self-regulated English pronunciation training program through automatic speech recognition (ASR) computer system. Participants were asked to actively undertake the interactions with ASR-based computer-assisted pronunciation training (CAPT) on a daily basis for three months. They were directed to finish a questionnaire on their perceptual learning style and technology acceptance. The collected data were analysed with descriptive statistics and structural equation model to investigate the structural relationships. Results show that most participants were visual learners; furthermore, no significant relationship between any type of perceptual learning style and perceived usefulness was discovered. Visual style as well as kinaesthetic style was found to be significantly influential to perceived ease of use which further significantly led to perceived usefulness. Perceived usefulness was significantly related to attitude of using the system that was decisive to EFL learners' continuing use of ASR-based CAPT.
Peningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman dan Penalaran Matematis melalui Pendekatan Kontekstual

The low achievement on students’ mathematical comprehension and reasoning was still low due to the informational pattern of material in mathematics has been delivered to students informatively which means students get the information only from the teacher, so students’ mathematical ability also low. The purpose of this research was to examine the differences of comprehension ability and mathematical reasoning between students who learned mathematics through contextual learning and students who learned through conventional approach. Design for this research was pretest-posttest control group design. To obtain the research data, comprehension ability and mathematical reasoning test were used as the instrument. This research conducted at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Model Banda Aceh. The population of this study was all students at grade VIII while samples were chosen from 2 of 11 of grade VIII by purposive sampling. The data analysis was done quantitative way. Quantitative analysis conducted on the normalized average gain between two samples by using t-test. The result showed that overall learning mathematics by using contextual learning treatment can encourage students; comprehension ability and mathematical reasoning ability. Learning mathematics by contextual learning approach significantly better in encourage the students’ comprehension ability and mathematical reasoning than using conventional approach. Learning by contextual approach can be a good alternative learning approach that can be implemented in Junior High School
Distributed resource coallocation: architectures, protocols, optimization

New computing applications require nowadays a physical distribution of computing resources. These geographically distributed resources belonging to different organizations must be associated logically in order to solve cooperatively a given problem or to provide a given service. The virtual infrastructure corresponding to the set of these distributed and remote resources and to the inherent underlying networking facilities is called a Grid. Present models do not enable network and other resources such as computing or storage to be co-allocated on demand, nor do they guarantee the Quality of Service. The aim of this thesis is first to provide a review of the state of the art on co-allocation. For that purpose, various environments such as Web Services distributed resources management systems, IP Multimedia Subsystem and Generalized Multi-protocol Label Switching architecture are considered. We propose extensions to existing Grid toolkits, WS, IMS and GMPLS for dynamic resource co-allocation provisioning. The suitability of each of these approaches for Grid services provisioning is investigated and compared to the other alternatives. We then analyze a WS based protocol between a global resource coordinator (Grid Scheduler) and local resources managers (local schedulers). Algorithms are proposed to model the possible interactions between the grid scheduler, the network resource manager and the local schedulers. A co-allocation algorithm is proposed to improve the efficiency as seen by the end user and the resource providers. An analytical model is proposed to predict and understand the performance; simulations are run to verify the validity of the model and the results.
A survey of the factors influencing the resistance of the employees of university libraries to technological changes: Study of libraries of Tehran University

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the factors influencing the resistance of the employees of Tehran University libraries to technological changes. Through achieving this aim, it attempts to provide a suitable understanding of these factors for the managers so that they would be able to reduce the resistance to change among the employees of university libraries. Design/methodology/approach This study is a descriptive survey in its data collection method. Based on the review of the literature, a questionnaire on resistance to technological changes was devised (Cronbach’s α coefficient being 93 percent). The questionnaire was distributed among 128 of the employees in the technology section of Tehran University libraries, and the achieved data were analyzed using an SPSS and PLS. Findings The findings achieved through a confirmatory factor analysis showed 11 elements of ambiguity, threat of the current situation, habit, lack of interest, the need for relearning, unsuitable understanding, inefficient rewarding system, emotional reactions, lack of interest understanding, inflexibility of the beliefs and feeling of being a veteran in the organization, which influence the resistance of the employees of the university libraries, among them the inefficient rewarding system ranks first and the unsuitable understanding ranks last. Originality/value In this research, an attempt is made to identify the resistance to technological changes shown by the employees of Tehran University libraries, which can be a guide for library managers to improve the changing process in their libraries. Influencing factors of resistance to change which had been identified by other research works were examined here regarding the circumstances of Tehran University Libraries.