Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Moisture Stress as a Major Driver of Carbon Cycle Uncertainty Permalink

Future projections suggest an increase in drought globally with climate change. Current vegetation models typically regulate the plant photosynthetic response to soil moisture stress through an empirical function, rather than a mechanistic response where plant water potentials respond to changes in soil water. This representation of soil moisture stress may introduce significant uncertainty into projections for the terrestrial carbon cycle. We examined the use of the soil moisture limitation function in historical and future emissions scenarios in nine Earth system models. We found that soil moisture-limited productivity across models represented a large and uncertain component of the simulated carbon cycle, comparable to 3–286% of current global productivity. Approximately 40–80% of the intermodel variability was due to the functional form of the limitation equation alone. Our results highlight the importance of implementing mechanistic water limitation schemes in models and illuminate several avenues for improving projections of the land carbon sink. Plain Language Summary Understanding the environmental controls of terrestrial ecosystem productivity is of critical importance because terrestrial ecosystems directly impact the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. However, model projections disagree on the future sign and magnitude of terrestrial ecosystem CO2 drawdown, so it is uncertain if terrestrial ecosystems will continue to mitigate climate change in the future. Here we show that the current representation of water-limited productivity across state-of-the-art vegetation models is a large and uncertain component of terrestrial productivity, comparable in magnitude to current global productivity. Our results provide a foundation for improved projections of climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, ranging from vegetation growth to agricultural productivity.
L G ] 2 3 O ct 2 01 8 Finding Mixed Nash Equilibria of Generative Adversarial Networks

We reconsider the training objective of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) from the mixed Nash Equilibria (NE) perspective. Inspired by the classical prox methods, we develop a novel algorithmic framework for GANs via an infinite-dimensional two-player game and prove rigorous convergence rates to the mixed NE, resolving the longstanding problem that no provably convergent algorithm exists for general GANs. We then propose a principled procedure to reduce our novel prox methods to simple sampling routines, leading to practically efficient algorithms. Finally, we provide experimental evidence that our approach outperforms methods that seek pure strategy equilibria, such as SGD, Adam, and RMSProp, both in speed and quality.
Tenecteplase versus alteplase ( TENVALT ) : A study comparing two thrombolytic agents in acute ischemic stroke

Background & Objective: The Indian data comparing the efficacy and safety outcomes of tenecteplase and alteplase in acute ischemic stroke is scarce. We aimed to compare the outcomes of two agents in an Indian population. Methods: TENVALT study was a single centre, retrospective study. Patients aged 18 years or older with acute ischemic stroke were included in this study if they presented within 3 hours of symptom onset and had a deficit with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score > 4, had a modified Rankin score (mRS) of 2 or less before the stroke onset and had no evidence of hemorrhage on non-contrast computed tomography of brain. A good functional recovery (mRS score of 0-2) at the end of three months was defined as the primary efficacy outcome. The development of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was considered as the primary safety outcome. Results: A total of 120 patients (alteplase, n=65; tenecteplase, n=55) underwent stroke thrombolysis during this study. The mean age of the presentation in tenecteplase group was 66.6 years and in alteplase group was 62.5 years. Most of the study subjects were males in both the groups (tenecteplase, 78.2%; alteplase, 61.5%). Hypertension was the most common comorbidity in both the groups (tenecteplase, 67.3%; alteplase, 76.9%). Median mRS score at 3 months of follow up was 2 in tenecteplase and 1 in alteplase group; however, the difference between the total number of patients having good functional recovery (mRS 0-2) in the two groups was not statistically significant (tenecteplase 74.5 vs alteplase 87.7%, P=0.09). The total number of patients who had symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was comparable between the two groups (tenecteplase, 5.5%; alteplase, 6.2%). Conclusion: Tenecteplase appears to be an efficacious alternative to alteplase for stroke thrombolysis and may be better suited to developing countries considering its low cost and ease of administration.
Using Wave Based Geometrical Acoustics ( WBGA ) to investigate room resonances

Room modes can easily be calculated for simple room shapes using analytical equations. When room shapes are irregular, room wave phenomena can be calculated using numerical methods such as Finite Element Method or similar which are computationally heavy. Conventional geometrical acoustics, using plane wave propagation and sound absorption coefficients, fail to calculate room resonances. In contrast, Wave Based Geometrical Acoustic, WBGA, based on the image source method, spherical wave propagation, impedance discontinuities and sound pressure summation, can accurately simulate room resonances both in the frequency and spatial domain. This paper presents room resonances simulations using the WBGA and compares them to measured data.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinases in human amelo-blastoma

Purpose: To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in human ameloblastoma (AB), and to explore the relationship of the three factors with AB’s biological behavior in combination with clinicopathological characteristics. Materials and Methods: Specimens of 43 cases of AB, 10 cases of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), and 16 cases of normal oral mucosa were examined immunohistochemically using the streptavidin-biotin method to determine the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1. Results: Of the 16 cases of normal oral epithelia, MMP-2 was positively expressed in six cases. In the 10 OKC cases, MMP-2 expression was strongly positive in stratum spinosum in two cases and weak or lost in stratum basale. MMP-2 was strongly expressed in the central and peripheral cells of the tumor islands in 28 cases of AB. There was a significant difference among these three groups (p<0.01). MMP-9 expression was negative in all cases of normal oral mucosa, and extensively positive in the entire strata of peritumor epithelia in five cases of AB. MMP-9 was strongly expressed in two of nine cases of OKC. MMP-9 was strongly expressed in the central and peripheral cells of the tumor islands in 30 cases of AB. There was no difference between normal epithelia and OKC (p>0.05). There was a great difference between AB and normal oral mucosa (p<0.01). The positive rate and intensity increased as AB recurred and transformed malignantly, but the increases were not associated with age, sex, pathological type, or disease location. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were positively expressed in fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells including monocytes, neutrophils, plasmacytes and lymphocytes. TIMP-1 was weakly or not expressed in normal oral mucosa, OKC and AB. Conclusion: The high expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 is related to the biological behavior of AB. Imbalance in the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins is one mechanism for the invasiveness of AB. The MMPs activation produced by stromal cells is also related to the invasiveness of AB. (Int Chin J Dent 2004; 4: 19-26.)
EFFECTIVENESS ON FI NANCI AL PERFORMANCE OF EXPORTI NG COMPANI ES I N T HE FEDERATI ON OF BOSNI A AND HERZEGOVINA

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Organizational Learning Capability, ISO 9001 Effectiveness and Financial Performance f Bosnian exporters. Based on literature review, a conceptual model was validated and the hypotheses were proposed. The measurement instrument used in this study is a structured survey prepared based on literature review. The target population were the managers of Bosnian exporters that have the ISO 9001 standard implemented in the company. In total, 84 surveys were completed by respondents, which is sample good enough for the entity of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Before conducting a regression analysis in Software Package for Social Sciences, the exploratory factor analysis was conducted and five items were extracted. The regression results indicated a strong and positive influence of ISO 9001 Effectiveness on Financial Performance and Organizational Learning Capability of Bosnian exporters. A positive relationship of Organizational Learning Capability and Financial Performance was not confimed.
Factors influencing pathogenic Ice-Nucleation Active ( INA ) bacteria isolated from Salix plants , soil and litter

This paper deals with bacterial strains from three independent geographical locations representing different bacterial groups of Salix pathogens such as: Bacillus, Clavibacter, Erwinia, Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. syringae, Sphingomonas and Xanthomonas species that were collected to investigate the role and effects of growing temperatures, cell numbers, growth-limiting factors (e.g. carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus), and physical or chemical agents on their ice nucleation activity (INA). Methods for measurement of the cell mass for INA involved both direct plate counting and optical density. Ice nucleation temperatures of individual bacterial strains were determined by tube nucleation tests. Mean populations of bacteria per ml needed to cause ice nucleation were observed. For a typical P. syringae strain 10 cells per ml gave a nucleation temperature of –4.5°C while 10 cells per ml initiated freezing already at –2.5°C. Mean cell density for a representative P. fluorescens were 10 cells per ml for freezing at -5.5°C and 10 cells per ml for freezing at –3.5°C. Expression of icenuclei in certain bacterial strains was clearly dependent on growing temperature and nutritional conditions e.g. growth limiting factors. Limitation of C affected nucleation activity of P. fluorescens, Xanthomonas spp. and to some extent Erwinia spp. Except for P. fluorescens and P. syringae, N-limitation very strongly affected all the tested bacteria and decreased their nucleation activity. Starvation for P affected INA of Sphingomonas, whereas P. syringae was only slightly affected. In Bacillus, P-limitation totally inhibited ice-nucleation activity. Chemical and physical agents decreased but did not directly or completely inhibit the ice– nucleation activity of harvested cells as freezing still occurred but at lower temperatures. From this we hypothesize that initiation of freezing at higher temperatures (e.g. -2°C) is closely connected with cells that are physically and functionally intact.
Biochemical Fingerprint of Greek Sideritis spp.: Implications for Potential Drug Discovery and Advanced Breeding Strategies

Plant species of the Sideritis genus are native to the Mediterranean region and widely used through millennia for their medicinal and culinary properties. They are mostly known as mountain tea or Shepard tea and in the last few years, they are on the spotlight due to the production of an enormous variety of bioactive secondary metabolites exerting a wide range of pharmaceutical applications. In the present study the biochemical value and the health promoting components of various indigenous Sideritis species was assessed: S. perforiata subsp. perfoliata, S. perfoliata subsp. athoa, S. syriaca, S. raeseri, S. scardica. A thorough biochemical analysis was conducted, including total phenols and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, amino acids, elemental and polar/non polar metabolite profiling. S. perfoliata subsp. perfoliata had the most diverse and rich terpene profile among the studied species, while its infusion had the highest phenol and flavonoid content thus, showed the highest antioxidant activity. The diverse chemotype of Sideritis species can be used as a guide on the preparation of tea mixes with the desired metabolite content targeting specialized medical applications or may assist on the design of breeding strategies.
An analysis of syntactic code mixing used by male and female students in speaking fluency

Acquiring speaking skill does not only consider the accuracy, but also the fluency. Hence, in doing conversation, somehow people mix the L2 with their L1. This research focuses on analyzing code mixing used by 12 male students and 35 female students as the sample. The data were taken from their presentation. The data classified based on lexical units and code mixing categories. The result shows that there were quite different frequencies of code mixing used by male and female students. Female students tend to mix their L2 with L1 modifier. Based on the categorization of the code mixing data, alternation is mostly used by female students. However, male students prefer to use insertion.
Students Perception of the Mathematical Classroom while Integrating Digital Technologies

In the current research, we were interested in testing the impact of integrating technology on student’s perception of different mathematical courses regarding the constructivist versus traditional approach to teaching/learning. The study was performed in the mathematics department of our College of education. We analysed the students’ perception of our mode of teaching as well as of their own level of involvement in the learning process with respect to the usage of different digital tools according to the basic characteristics of the traditional versus the constructivist classroom. We compared the students’ assessment of the mathematical classroom in different courses that were taught with and without technological tools. The obtained results show that the students' perception of mathematical class while integrating technology corresponds to the basic characteristics of the constructivist class, whereas the class without the use of technology corresponds to the description of the traditional one. This result strengthens our suggestion that the appropriate usage of technology in teaching mathematics enables to transform the classroom from traditional to constructivist one.
Creativity as an Emergent Property of Complex Educational System

The importance of creativity in education has been discussed often in the literature. While there remains no agreed-upon definition of creativity, the psychological literature points to traits of a creative person. These include the ability to think outside the box, make connections between seemingly disparate ideas, and question norms. The literature provides several examples of classroom experiments to help foster creativity in the classroom. In science and mathematics, we can start by getting students to recognize mathematics and the sciences as being creative endeavors. While these attempts are noteworthy, they are not necessarily aligned with instructional practices. In this article, we propose that to promote creative thinking in our classrooms, we need to see our educational system as a complex system or a network of connections between different disciplines. The 20 century notion that school and college education is rooted in discipline-based reductionism and that learning leads to specialization caters to a few, leaving a large number of students to fail out of the system. The American liberal arts educational model prides itself on giving students a holistic perspective by exposing them to various disciplines. However, merely exposing students to different ideas without having them realize the deep, underlying connections is like expecting interesting dynamics in a collection of disconnected nodes. We propose that the education system is a complex system composed of various nodes, representing different disciplines with the edges representing the flow of unifying ideas between them. Connections between the nodes allow for flow in these paths, resulting in greater opportunity for creativity, which is an emergent property of such a network. The abstract notions discussed above are illustrated by deliberate attempts (ambitious though small) made at the authors’ institution to build an educational experience focused on creativity.
Numerical modelling of the hydrodynamics around the farm of Wave Activated Bodies ( WAB )

The aim of this research is to develop a numerical modelling approach able to provide design criteria for the optimization of the layout of a farm of Wave Energy Converters (WECs). The numerical model MIKE 21BW is calibrated against the experimental results obtained in Aalborg wave tank for a farm of floating WECs. The WECs under exam belong to the Wave Activated Body type. The calibrated model allows to tests more configurations at lower cost than physical models. Specifically, different mutual distance among the devices and their mutual alignment are examined to maximise the density of the devices and the distribution of residual wave energy and therefore energy production. Simulated and measured wave heights recorded by the many wave gauges placed in the basin are compared, as well as wave transmission and reflection induced by the devices. A sensitivity analysis, i.e. the identification of the key model parameters to be tuned in order to optimise the comparison, is also carried out.
Chapter 2 Magnetic Reconnection and the Associated Energetic Particles in the Boundary Layer 2

Previous studies have shown that BL is a turbulent layer formed by the interaction of the MC and the ambient solar wind (Wei et al. 2003a, b, c). Compared with those in the nearby upstream solar wind, the magnetic field in the BL is decreased and the plasma is compressed and heated. These features indicate that magnetic reconnection could prevail in the BL, but the ‘direct evidence,’ the Alfvénic reconnection jets, has not been found (Wei et al. 2006). In addition, although energetic electrons associated with magnetic reconnection in the solar flares and magnetotail have been reported (Imada et al. 2007; Lin and Hudson 1971; Øieroset et al. 2002), no such energetic electrons have so far been found in the solar wind reconnection. After analyzing 7 reconnection exhausts observed by ACE spacecraft (Fig. 2.1), Gosling et al. (2005a) found that no evidence for any substantial increase in energetic particle intensity associated with these events. So they suggest that local reconnection is not a significant source of energetic particles in the solar wind and reconnection itself may not be a particularly effective process for populating other space and astrophysical environments with energetic particles (Gosling et al. 2005a). In this chapter, we report a Petschek-like reconnection with roughly Alfvénic reconnection jets inside a BL and present the first observation of energetic particles accelerated by magnetic reconnection in the solar wind.
Validity And Reliability Of Lupus Quality Of Life Questionnaire In Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus In Indonesia

Background: The development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) treatment has led the increased of patients survival. Quality of life has became a value based medicine component that should be evaluated in treating SLE. One standardized questionnaire to asses the quality of life in SLE patients is Lupus Quality of Life (Lupus QoL). Currently, in Indonesia, there has not been any spesific questionnaire to asses the quality of life in SLE patients. This study aims to prove that Lupus QoL is valid and reliable to asses the quality of life in SLEpatients in Indonesia.Methods: This study used cross sectional study method. Firstly, we translated the Lupus QoL into Indonesian language, then we tested to 10 respondents. Then, we continued the study with larger sample size. We analyzed the reliability of the test and the re-test result using the interclass coefficient correlation and the internal consistency of the tests using cronbach alpha. Construct validity was evaluated using multi trait scaling analysis and the extrenal validity was evaluated using correlation between domains in short form 36 (SF 36)with Lupus QoL and with disease activity.Results: Data collection was done to 65 SLE patients between October – November 2015 in RSCM. The test has good external validity SF 36 (r=0.38-0.66, p 0.4; range: 0.44-0.93). The ICC value in one week >0.7 and Cronbach α was>0.7 in each domain. The correlation between lupus QoL and the disease activity was weak and consistentwith other studies.Conclusion: Lupus QoL questionnaire is valid and reliable to asses the quality of life in SLE patients inIndonesia.Key words: Quality of Life, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Lupus QoL, Validity, Reliability
A review : Effect of linseed oil supplementation on internal and external quality of hen ’ s egg Promila and

Linseed oil, also known as flaxseed oil or flax oil, is a colourless to yellowish oil obtained from the dried, ripened seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum). Linseed, are rich in LNA (alpha linolenic acid), a precursor of fatty acids like EPA and DHA. The enrichment of layer feeds with oilseed, such as linseed promotes the rapid incorporation of omega-3 fatty acid into the yolk. EPA and DHA are long chain fatty acid which prevents the occurrence of cardiac problems and helps in retinal, mental and overall development of fetus. Considering the potential health benefits of n-3 PUFA, these should be increased in the human diet. The supply of n-3 PUFA can be increased in the animal food sources that the people consume in sufficient amounts. In this regard, poultry eggs are a good source of n-3 PUFA because they can be fortified with n-3 PUFA very easily by dietary supplementations to the laying hens. The enrichment of laying-hen rations with vegetable oils such as linseed or canola, can readily promote the deposition of n-3 PUFA into egg yolk.