Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic utility of different MRI and MR angiography measures in Fabry disease

Background: Neurologic hallmarks of Fabry disease (FD) include small fiber neuropathy as well as cerebral micro- and macroangiopathy with premature stroke. Cranial MRI shows progressive white matter lesions (WML) at an early age, increased signal intensity in the pulvinar, and tortuosity and dilatation of the larger vessels. To unravel the most promising imaging tool for the detection of CNS involvement in FD we compared the diagnostic utility of the different MR imaging findings. Methods: Twenty-five clinically affected patients with FD (age 36.5 ± 11.0) and 20 age-matched controls were investigated by structural MRI, MR angiography, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Individual WML volumes, global mean diffusivity (MD), and mean cerebral artery diameters were determined. Results: Using receiver operating characteristic analyses, enlarged diameters of the following cerebral arteries significantly separated patients with FD from controls: middle cerebral artery: area under curve (AUC) = 0.75, p = 0.005; posterior cerebral artery: AUC = 0.69, p = 0.041; carotid artery: 0.69, p = 0.041; basilar artery: AUC = 0.96, p < 0.0005. A total of 87% of the individuals were correctly classified by basilar artery diameters (sensitivity 95%, specificity 83%). WML volumes and global MD values did not significantly separate patients from controls. Conclusions: With an accuracy of 87%, basilar artery diameters were superior to all other MR measures for separating patients with Fabry disease (FD) from controls. Future studies should adopt basilar artery measurements for early detection and monitoring of brain involvement in FD. Moreover, further investigations should reveal if the dilated vasculopathy in FD could be a screening marker to detect FD in a cohort of other cerebrovascular diseases, especially in cryptogenic stroke.
A Longitudinal Study of Families Formed Through Reproductive Donation: Parent-Adolescent Relationships and Adolescent Adjustment at Age 14

The aim of the 6th phase of this longitudinal study was to establish whether children born through assisted reproduction involving reproductive donation were at risk for psychological problems following the transition to adolescence at age 14 and, if so, to examine the nature of these problems and the mechanisms involved. Eighty-seven families formed through reproductive donation, including 32 donor insemination families, 27 egg donation families, and 28 surrogacy families, were compared with 54 natural conception families. Standardized interviews, questionnaires, and observational assessments of the quality of parent-adolescent relationships and adolescent adjustment were administered to mothers, adolescents, and teachers. The mothers in surrogacy families showed less negative parenting and reported greater acceptance of their adolescent children and fewer problems in family relationships as a whole compared with gamete donation mothers. In addition, less positive relationships were found between mothers and adolescents in egg donation families than in donor insemination families as rated by both mothers and adolescents. There were no differences between family types for the adolescents themselves in terms of adjustment problems, psychological well-being, and self-esteem. Longitudinal analyses showed no differences between family types in negative parenting from age 7 to age 14, and a weaker association between negative parenting and adjustment difficulties for gamete donation than natural conception and surrogacy families. The findings suggest that the absence of a genetic link between mothers and their children is associated with less positive mother-adolescent relationships whereas the absence of a gestational link does not have an adverse effect.
PLATINUM QCA: a prospective, multicentre study assessing clinical, angiographic, and intravascular ultrasound outcomes with the novel platinum chromium thin-strut PROMUS Element everolimus-eluting stent in de novo coronary stenoses.

AIMS Assess clinical, angiographic, and intravascular ultrasound results in lesions treated with the PROMUS Element platinum chromium everolimus-eluting stent (EES). METHODS AND RESULTS Patients (N=100) with one de novo target lesion ≤ 34 mm long and reference vessel diameter (RVD) ≥ 2.25-≤ 4.25 mm were enrolled at 14 sites. The primary endpoint was the 30-day composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularisation (TLR), or definite/probable stent thrombosis (ST). The efficacy endpoint of 9 month in-stent late loss in workhorse lesions (defined as RVD ≥ 2.5-≤ 4.25 mm, lesion ≤ 24 mm) was compared to a performance goal based on historical results with TAXUS Express paclitaxel-eluting stents. Post-procedure incomplete stent apposition (ISA) was compared to a performance goal based on results with the PROMUS/XIENCE V EES in SPIRIT III. Mean age was 61.8 ± 9.9 years; 77.0% were male; 19% had medically treated diabetes. Baseline RVD was 2.72 ± 0.53 mm; lesion length was 15.4 ± 7.0 mm. The primary endpoint occurred in one patient (periprocedural ST with TLR) with no additional major clinical events through one year. Nine-month in-stent late loss in workhorse lesions (0.17 ± 0.25 mm, N=73) and post-procedure ISA (5.7%, 5/88) were below performance goals (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Through one year, PROMUS Element EES had an acceptable safety and efficacy profile with low in-stent late loss and post-procedure ISA.
The reactions to macro-economic crises in Nordic health system policies: Denmark, Finland and Sweden, 1980–2013

Abstract Denmark, Finland and Sweden have experienced two major recessions during the last 25 years. The adjustments to the earlier crisis in the late 1980s (Denmark) and early 1990s (Finland and Sweden) resembled the policies in many other European countries during the present crisis. The analysis of relationship of deep economic crises and growth period between them to the health system policies and institutions in the three countries from the 1980s to 2013 is based on a categorisation of reactions to external shocks as path conforming or path breaking. The results of the empirical long-term trends show that the reactions to deep recessions have been mainly temporary adjustments and acceleration of changes already prepared before economic crisis. The economic crisis in the three countries has not been ‘good enough’ to enable paradigmatic changes in the Nordic public, decentralised and equity-oriented health systems. Changes such as the slow privatisation in care funding and production and the adoption of new management practices indicate an ongoing paradigmatic change related to longer-term societal, ideological and political developments rather than directly to economic crises or growth.
Reference values for vastus lateralis fiber type proportion and fiber size.

to the editor: In a previous issue of the Journal of Applied Physiology , Gosker and Schols ([1][1]) commented on the reference values for fiber CSA of the vastus lateralis of the quadriceps in healthy subjects >40 years old. First, we are pleased to read that the fiber CSA values provided by our
Retardation of joint damage in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis by initial aggressive treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: five-year experience from the FIN-RACo study.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term frequency of disease remissions and the progression of joint damage in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were initially randomized to 2 years of treatment with either a combination of 3 disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or a single DMARD. METHODS In this multicenter prospective followup study, a cohort of 195 patients with early, clinically active RA was randomly assigned to treatment with a combination of methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, and prednisolone or with a single DMARD (initially, sulfasalazine) with or without prednisolone. After 2 years, the DMARD and prednisolone treatments became unrestricted, but were still targeted toward remission. The long-term effectiveness was assessed by recording the frequency of remissions and the extent of joint damage seen on radiographs of the hands and feet obtained annually up to 5 years. Radiographs were assessed by the Larsen score. RESULTS A total of 160 patients (78 in the combination group and 82 in the single group) completed the 5-year extension study. At 2 years, 40% of the patients in the combination-DMARD group and 18% in the single-DMARD group had achieved remission (P < 0.009). At 5 years, the corresponding percentages were 28% and 22% (P not significant). The median Larsen radiologic damage scores at baseline, 2 years, and 5 years in the combination-DMARD and single-DMARD groups were 0 and 2 (P = 0.50), 4 and 12 (P = 0.005), and 11 and 24 (P = 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION Aggressive initial treatment of early RA with the combination of 3 DMARDs for the first 2 years limits the peripheral joint damage for at least 5 years. Our results confirm the earlier concept that triple therapy with combinations of DMARDs contributes to an improved long-term radiologic outcome in patients with early and clinically active RA.
Comparing SociodemographicPredisposing Factors in Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) and Controlsin Kelantan, Malaysia

Introduction: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) isexpected to become the second leading cause of worldwide disability by the year 2020 and the major contributor to the overall global burden of disease.Objective: This study was done to compare sociodemographicpredisposingfactors in MDD patients and controls in Kelantan, Malaysia.Methods: A total of 47 MDD patients and 47 healthy controls participated in this study. MDD patients were recruited from Psychiatric Clinic, HUSM and they were diagnosed according to DSM-V criteria. Patients’ biodata, medical and psychiatric history were taken by physician. Data were analysed using Pearson Chi-square and multiple logistic regression.Results: In MDD group, 61.7% were females and 38.3% were males. Forty two percent of MDD were in the age group of 45 to 65 years old and almost 12.8% of MDD patients had family history of depression, while all healthy controls were in good general health and had no family history of depression. Pearson Chi-square revealed that there were significant associations between smoking status (P=0.027), marital status (P=0.007) educational level (P=0.022) and area of living (P=0.0.036) with MDD. The results showed that unmarried person were less likely to have MDD compared to those married with adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.31. Smoker were 5.16 at odds of having MDD as compared to non-smoker, while individuals with a low education were more likely to have MDD compared to those highly educated with adjusted OR of 2.04. The result also showed those living in urban area were less likely to have MDD compared to those living in rural area with adjusted OR of 0.48. Conclusion: Higher age, female and positive family history possess a higher tendency of having MDD. In addition, smokers, married, less educated and living in rural area were more likely to have MDD compared to healthy controls.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 02 April’19. Page: 74-79
Characteristics of social phobia among persons with essential tremor.

BACKGROUND Social phobia symptoms have been reported to be common among patients with essential tremor, but characteristics of this comorbidity have not been systematically described. METHOD Cases with essential tremor (N = 94) and controls without essential tremor (N = 85), ascertained from movement disorder clinic and community samples, were evaluated for social phobia symptoms (using the social phobia module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale), characteristics of tremor, and associated disability (via videotaped examination, performance test, and disability questionnaire). RESULTS Lifetime combined prevalence of primary social phobia and clinically significant social phobia symptoms occurring secondary to essential tremor was 32.7% (16/49) among essential tremor patients in the clinic sample. Essential tremor cases with secondary social phobia symptoms reported a markedly later age at onset of clinically significant social phobia symptoms than essential tremor cases with primary social phobia (51.0 vs. 8.8 years). Cases with secondary social phobia also reported greater fear and avoidance of eating, drinking, and writing in public than essential tremor cases with primary social phobia and control subjects with social phobia. Essential tremor cases with secondary social phobia symptoms also demonstrated more severe tremor and tremor-related disability than essential tremor cases with primary social phobia and essential tremor cases without social phobia. Among all essential tremor cases, severity of social phobia symptoms and tremor independently contributed to disability. CONCLUSION Social phobia appears to occur in a substantial minority of essential tremor patients, and severity of social phobia symptoms is associated with disability, independent of tremor severity. Persons with social phobia symptoms secondary to essential tremor evidence clinical characteristics that differ from those of persons with primary social phobia. Further research is needed to determine the efficacy of treatment of social phobia in essential tremor patients with significant social phobia symptoms.
Vascular supply to the developing teeth of rats

The distribution of blood vessels to the mature functional tooth and its supporting structures has been demonstrated by many investigators, (Bolings, '42, Russel and Kramer, '56, Saunders, '57). These studies have shown the general vascular patterns to the pulp, periodontal membrane and gingivae. On the other hand there is a marked lack of information concerning the distribution of blood vessels supplying the developing tooth and periodontium. Thus it was felt that a detailed systematic study of the vascular patterns of the developing tooth from the bell stage through functional occlusion was in order. The rat was chosen for this study for the following reasons : ( a ) primarily through the necessity of having available material exhibiting consecutive developmental, eruptive and functional age stages, a situation which is difficult if not impossible to attain with human material, (b) , its size is such that one can section the intact head and trace fairly completely the vascular patterns from the main arterial trunk in the alveolar bone through the teeth and periodontium to the final venous drainage, and (c) , the molar teeth of the rat are of limited growth and are similar in both development and eruption to the human primary teeth.
Mutations in the epsilon sequences of human hepatitis B virus affect both RNA encapsidation and reverse transcription

Hepadnaviruses replicate by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate within subviral core particles in the cytoplasm of infected hepatocytes. Recognition of the epsilon encapsidation signal located on the 5' end of the pregenomic RNA by the viral polymerase occurs early in core particle assembly. The epsilon sequences contain a set of nested inverted repeats which form a stable stem-loop structure shown to play a role in RNA packaging and recently implicated as the site of initiation of minus-strand DNA synthesis. We have introduced a variety of site-directed mutations into the epsilon sequences of human hepatitis B virus to study their effects on viral replication in transfected HuH7 cells. We have identified two classes of mutations: those which adversely affect packaging and those which package RNA but adversely affect DNA synthesis. Analysis of these mutants has allowed us to identify separate features of the epsilon cis-acting signal which function in the processes of RNA packaging and reverse transcription.
Repetitive hypoxia rapidly depresses cardio‐respiratory responses during active sleep but not quiet sleep in the newborn lamb

1 Arousal from sleep is an important protective response to hypoxia that becomes rapidly depressed in active sleep (AS) when hypoxia is repeated. This study questioned whether there might also be selective depression of cardio‐respiratory responses to hypoxia during AS. 2 Nine newborn lambs (7‐22 days of age) were studied over three successive nights. The first and third nights were baseline studies (inspired oxygen fraction, Fi,O2= 0.21). During the second night, during every epoch of sleep, lambs were exposed to 60 s episodes of isocapnic hypoxia (Fi,O2= 0.10). 3 During quiet sleep (QS), the probability of arousal in hypoxia exceeded the probability of spontaneous arousal (P < 0.001) throughout repeated exposures to hypoxia. Similarly, there were persisting increases in ventilation (135 ± 25 %), blood pressure (3 ± 1 %) and heart rate (3 ± 1 %). 4 By contrast, rapid depression of all responses occurred during repetitive hypoxia in AS. Thus, the probability of arousal in hypoxia exceeded the probability of spontaneous arousal during the first 10 hypoxia exposures (P < 0.001) but not thereafter. Similarly, during the first 10 exposures to hypoxia, the changes in ventilation (88 ± 15 %) and blood pressure (5 ± 1 %) were greater than subsequent responses (P < 0.05). 5 We conclude that, when repeated, hypoxia rapidly becomes ineffective in stimulating protective arousal, ventilatory and blood pressure responses in AS, but not in QS. Selective depression of responses during AS may render the newborn particularly vulnerable to hypoxia in this state.
An Empirical Analysis of the Pageview and Visit Duration of Pornography Websites

A positive relationship between pageview and visit duration has been identified for several types of websites, including retail. However, pornography websites offer such explicitly sexual content that viewers might stay on one page so long that it could distort the positivity. Yet, no empirical work has investigated this matter and little has focused on visit behavior to adult websites. Based on 473,840 visit sessions to pornography websites targeting both (1) the public and (2) the homosexual viewers, the 0.771 correlation coefficient between the pageview and the visit duration is statistically significant. It confirms that these two variables are positively related in the online pornography context. We also found that the viewer’s sexual orientation may have a moderating effect on the relationship between them. In addition to extending the theoretical insights into online visit behavior to pornography websites, online practitioners may apply the findings in order to retain visitors to their websites.
Securing wireless mesh networks: a three dimensional perspective

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are multi-hop networks that have secured a significant position in the technological world due to their unique characteristics. These networks are dynamically self-healing, self-organizing, and self-configurable. They help to realize the future of network connectivity anywhere and anytime. Moreover, WMNs substantially minimize the complexity in network deployment and maintenance hence reduce the deployment costs of the networks. A WMN consisting of mesh routers with multiple network interfaces can significantly improve the performance and aggregate capacity of the network. While these mesh routers usually have minimal mobility, mesh clients can be either stationary or mobile. These networks can provide facilities to enhance the performance of wireless local area networks (WLANs), metropolitan area networks (WMANs), and ad hoc networks. Moreover, they can be utilized for a variety of applications such as broadband home networking, community networking, transportation systems, and building automations. In order to provide multi-hop authentication in WMNs, different schemes have been proposed over the years. Many of these schemes have certain limitations. Either the schemes use cryptographic mechanisms which are computationally complex or assume to have centralized key distribution and authentication strategies. However, a WMN does not usually have a centralized trust and being a multi-hop network, does have relay nodes. Therefore, security solutions in these networks must be computationally efficient, lightweight, and must handle the additional threats possible from relay nodes. For instance, WMNs are highly prone to severe security attacks such as denial of service attacks. This sense of being insecure demotivates the companies to deploy and provide state-of-the-art wireless services through WMNs. However, if these security issues are efficiently handled, these networks have the ability to provide multiple services to their users concurrently such as online banking, community based file sharing, and live video streaming etc. Moreover, the nodes in WMNs might have distinct resources available (e.g. hardware) and undergo distinguishable security requirements. The ability of WMNs to provide multiple types of network
The Role of Self-Esteem , Attachment Style , and Social Interest in Predicting Love Relationship Satisfaction

An individual’s potential for perceiving satisfaction in love depends on a complex array of factors. Amidst the many process and outcome variables, the author sorts through a series of significant factors, ultimately weaving together a relationship-success forecasting model. The author begins his review with a discussion of the social-cognitive literature as it defines the self as socially constructed and embedded. After giving examples of past behavioral prediction models, the author narrows his focus on two frameworks (self-esteem’s sociometer and adult attachment style) with which one may integrate and understand the conditions that are associated with establishing and maintaining love satisfaction. The review culminates with a consideration of Alfred Adler’s social interest in predicting love satisfaction. Social interest will be disassembled in terms of the following five construct-categories: age and gender, cooperation, altruism, well-being and stress, and self-actualization. Social Interest Predicting Love 3 Acknowledgments To my past and present teachers, “thank you. ” I have been and will continue to be inspired by your guidance, patience, and enthusiasm. To my father, Gregory, for your unconditional encouragement and love, and for your dazzling intelligence and social grace; to my mother, Sylvia, for your hard work and example as a community leader and activist; to my older brother Daniel for your kindness, generosity, and for your choosing of an entirely different field of study; and to my girlfriend and fellow-adventurer, Amanda: Your very way of being continues to challenge me to practice what I preach (not to mention all of our fun together). Also, thanks to my step-family: Douglas, Elliot, and Peter Olney. I also wish to thank my professional teachers: Dr. Joel Samaha and Dr. Marti H. Gonzales from the University of Minnesota; and, Dr. Dan Haugen, Dr. Herb Laube, Dr. Roger Ballou, Sue Brokaw, Catherine Hedberg, Jeff Lupient, Chris Hegelstad, Dr. Mike Miller, Tina Feigal, Dr. Marina Bluvshtein, Mary Dahnert, Stacie Bigelow, Jere Truer, Trish Anderson, Margie McGovern, Ev Hass, and Earl Heinrich from the Adler Graduate School. Also, I send thanks to my ICASSI 2006 teachers including Dr. Roy Kern, Dr. Paul Peluso, and Dr. Paul Rasmussen. Thanks to Dr. James Bitter and Dr. Bill Nicholl, too, for your challenging London 2006 ATI program, and to Maria Wasielewski for your Athens 2006 ATI program. In conclusion, I would like to thank Dr. Harold Mosak, Dr. Wayne Dyer, Ram Daas, Tom Farrell, Marvin Plakut, and Rodney Yee. Finally, thank you, Dr. Alfred Adler, for illuminating the “useful” way and for reconnecting me with my European “roots. ” Social Interest Predicting Love 4