Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactive effects between supplemental ultraviolet-B radiation and heavy metals on the growth and biochemical characteristics of Spinacia oleracea L.

The impact of supplemental UV-B (sUV-B) radiation and heavy metals: Cd (68 µmol.kg-1 soil) and Ni (68 µmol.kg-1 soil) singly and in combination was studied on photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic pigments, metabolites, enzyme activities, biomass accumulation and the net primary productivity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. var. All Green), a common leafy vegetable plant. Both the stresses individually and in combination resulted in the reduction of photosynthetic pigments, ascorbic acid, and catalase activity, whereas a reverse trend was observed for anthocyanin, flavonoids and proline content, lipid peroxidation and peroxidase activity. The interactive effects of both the stresses were, however, less than additive. Combined treatment of sUV-B + Cd was more deleterious as compared to sUV-B + Ni and other individual treatments.
A gender analysis of the study of pharmacotherapy of psychotic depression (STOP-PD): gender and age as predictors of response and treatment-associated changes in body mass index and metabolic measures.

BACKGROUND Gender differences exist in psychiatric disorders; however, gender has not been well studied in psychotic depression. This analysis of the largest clinical trial in psychotic depression examined the effects of age and gender on clinical characteristics and predictors of treatment outcome and treatment-associated changes in body mass index (BMI) and metabolic measures. METHOD Secondary analyses were performed on data from 259 subjects with major depressive disorder with psychotic features (DSM-IV-TR) aged 18-93 years in the double-blind randomized controlled trial of olanzapine plus sertraline versus olanzapine plus placebo for psychotic depression (Study of Pharmacotherapy of Psychotic Depression). Sociodemographic factors, clinical characteristics, treatment outcome, and treatment-associated changes in BMI and metabolic measures were analyzed by gender and age. Subjects were enrolled from December 2002 to June 2007. RESULTS Female gender was associated with divorced (χ(2)(1) = 5.3, P = . 03) or widowed (χ(2)(1) = 8.1, P ≤ . 01) marital status. Comorbid anxiety disorders were more common in women than in men (χ(2)(1) = 4.9, P = . 03). Hallucinations (χ(2)(1) = 7.8, P = . 005) and delusions with disorganization (t(257) = -2.10, P = . 04) were significantly associated with female gender, as were higher cholesterol measures (χ(2)(1) = 7.15, P = . 008). There were no significant interactions between treatment and gender in terms of change in BMI. Gender was not associated with treatment response. DISCUSSION This study is the first analysis of gender and age as predictors of treatment outcome and treatment-associated changes in BMI and metabolic adverse effects in psychotic depression. Gender differences exist in patients with psychotic depression, most notably with regard to the presence of hallucinations. Female gender was associated with metabolic measures. Future studies with larger sample sizes may detect small gender differences in treatment outcome and treatment-associated changes in BMI and metabolic measures in psychotic depression. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00056472.
Combined Use of Lamotrigine and Electroconvulsive Therapy in Bipolar Depression: A Case Series

Objective: Lamotrigine and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are both safe and effective treatments for bipolar depression. Concerns exist that anticonvulsants may interfere with seizure expression during ECT or may exacerbate cognitive side effects, potentially affecting clinical response. This report examines the clinical use of concurrent ECT and lamotrigine for acute bipolar depression and the transition to maintenance therapy. Methods: Nine patients with acute bipolar depression were simultaneously treated with a course of ECT while titrating lamotrigine for maintenance therapy. We compared mean stimulus intensity, mean seizure duration, and mean time to orientation after treatment for each patient during treatment with their highest and lowest lamotrigine dose. Results: All 9 patients were treated to remission. From the lowest daily dose to the highest daily dose, mean increase in lamotrigine was 102.8 mg. Clinically adequate seizures were obtained in each patient. Lamotrigine had minimal effect on each measured ECT parameter. The interval between ECT treatments was spaced to a mean of 15.2 days. The treatment combination was well tolerated, with no serious adverse events, no rashes, and no worsening of cognitive side effects. Conclusions: Concurrent use of lamotrigine with ECT in bipolar depression seems safe, did not interfere with routine ECT practice, and allowed for transition to maintenance pharmacotherapy.
Coordination and Determinants of Leaf Community Economics Spectrum for Canopy Trees and Shrubs in a Temperate Forest in Northeastern China

Upscaling the leaf economics spectrum (LES) from the species level to community level is an important step to understand how assemblages are constructed based on functional traits and how these coordinated traits for a community respond to the environmental gradients and climate change. In a 9-ha temperate forest dynamics plot located in northeastern China, we collected four LES traits and three other leaf traits from 28 tree species and 13 shrub species. We then related the LES traits at the community level to topographical and soil factors. We observed that the coordination of LES at the community level was stronger than at the species level. Soil nutrients were the primary drivers of distribution of leaf community economics spectrum with acquisition strategy communities in the resource-rich locations. We also observed that different environmental factors affected the distributions of leaf community economics spectrums for trees and shrubs. Our results provided novel evidence for the existence of leaf community economics spectrum in the continental monsoon climate zone. Both abiotic filtering and niche differentiation determined their distributions across different growth forms at the local spatial scale.
Smart grid authentication and key management for unicast and multicast communications

One of the most important and challenging area in the smart grid context is security and privacy section. Smart grid is a vulnerable system and can be attacked even from aboard, attacks that may cause different level of issues and harms on the devices and society. So, research community has paid attention to this topic and the reasons of required security and privacy for the smart grid. The first step of designing and implementing security for any system such as a smart grid is an authentication scheme followed by a key management protocol. Other security aspects like integrity, authorization and confidentiality can be implemented as long as a strong key management protocol has already been designed and addressed.
Antidiarrheal Activity of Aqueous Fruit Extract of Phoenix dactylifera (DATE PALM) in Wistar Rats

Diarrhea is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children under age of 5 years. In view of this problem, the World Health Organization has encouraged studies for treatment and prevention of diarrhoeal diseases depending on traditional medicinal practices. Extracts of Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) are widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various disorders. In this study, the antidiarrhoeal activity of the aqueous fruit extract of Phoenix dactylifera was investigated by castor oil- induced diarrhoea, enteropooling and gastrointestinal motility activity in Wistar rats. Like the standard drug (5mg/kg loperamide), the extract (1000 and 1500mg/kg body weight) elicited a significant decrease in the severity of diarrhoea. The extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the frequency of defaecation and as well decreased gastrointestinal motility. In the enteropooling study, the extract administered at 1000mg/kg had greater anti-enteropooling effect than the standard drug (5mg/kg loperamide). The result obtained shows that the aqueous fruit extract of Phoenix dactylifera may contain some pharmacologically active substances with antidiarrhoeal properties. This may be the basis for management of gastrointestinal disorders.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Human G-protein-coupled Receptor , EDG 7 , for Lysophosphatidic Acid *

From the ‡Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, the iFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science University of Tokyo, 12 Ichigaya-Funagawara-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0826, Japan, the **Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan, and the §Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
Efficient Register Renaming and Recovery for High-Performance Processors

Modern superscalar processors implement register renaming using either random access memory (RAM) or content-addressable memories (CAM) tables. The design of these structures should address both access time and misprediction recovery penalty. Although direct-mapped RAMs provide faster access times, CAMs are more appropriate to avoid recovery penalties. The presence of associative ports in CAMs, however, prevents them from scaling with the number of physical registers and pipeline width, negatively impacting performance, area, and energy consumption at the rename stage. In this paper, we present a new hybrid RAM-CAM register renaming scheme, which combines the best of both approaches. In a steady state, a RAM provides fast and energy-efficient access to register mappings. On misspeculation, a low-complexity CAM enables immediate recovery. Experimental results show that in a four-way state-of-the-art superscalar processor, the new approach provides almost the same performance as an ideal CAM-based renaming scheme, while dissipating only between 17% and 26% of the original energy and, in some cases, consuming less energy than purely RAM-based renaming schemes. Overall, the silicon area required to implement the hybrid RAM-CAM scheme does not exceed the area required by conventional renaming mechanisms.
A Hybrid Wrapper-Filter Approach for Malware Detection

This paper presents an efficient and novel approach for malware detection. The proposed approach uses a hybrid wrapper-filter model for malware feature selection, which combines Maximum Relevance (MR) filter heuristics and Artificial Neural Net Input Gain Measurement Approximation (ANNIGMA) wrapper heuristic for sub-set selection by capitalizing on each classifier’s strengths. The novelty of the proposed approach is that it injects the intrinsic characteristics of data obtained by the filter into the wrapper stage and combines this with wrapper’s heuristic score. This in turn can reduce the search space and guide the search for the most significant malware features that assist in detection. Extensive cross-validated experimental investigations on actual malware datasets were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The model was compared with several existing models including independent wrapper and filter approaches. The results of the model’s performance on both obfuscated malware as well as benign datasets showed that the proposed hybrid MRANNIGMA model out-performed the independent filter and wrapper approaches by achieving the highest accuracy of 97%. Furthermore, this hybrid model improved execution time by using a more compact set of operation code features, and also reduced the rate of false positives.
Prospective Memory and Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Effects of Cognitive Demand

This study investigated the effects of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) on prospective memory. Fourteen children and 14 adolescents with TBI were compared with 25 and 23 noninjured children and adolescents, respectively. Based on a prefrontal model, the cognitive demand on the ongoing component of a prospective-memory task was manipulated. Overall, those with TBI had poorer prospective-memory performance than their noninjured peers. Performance was worse in a high cognitive-demand condition than a low, and younger children performed worse than adolescents. Decreases in performance from the low- to high-demand conditions were not significantly different between the two children's groups but were between the two adolescents' groups. Furthermore, the age and injury effects were reflected in the performances on executive function tests: the Self-ordered Pointing Task (SOPT), and the Stroop Color Word Interference Test. The Tower of London (TOL), which did not produce age or injury effects, was nevertheless found to be an important predictor of performance on the high-demand task in those with TBI. Although previous research has demonstrated impaired prospective memory performance in children with TBI, this study attempted to explain why this might occur, specifically that the prefrontal regions might be implicated.
Predicting the sun-protective decisions of young female Australian beachgoers

We tested the theory of planned behaviour with additional norms to predict the sun-protective decisions of young female beachgoers in Australia. Participants (N = 336) completed standard theory of planned behaviour measures and additional normative factors (group, image and personal norms). Attitude, subjective norm, and both personal and group norms predicted intention. Intention and group norm predicted follow-up behaviour. These findings provide further evidence that it is the more proximal sources of norms reflecting one’s personal and referent group influences, rather than perceptions of broader societal norms about the attractiveness of tanned images, that are important in determining young women’s sun-protective decisions.
Cheap Credit, Collateral and the Boom-Bust Cycle

This paper proposes a model of booms and busts in housing and non-housing consumption driven by the interplay between relatively low interest rates and an expansion of credit, triggered by further decline in interest rates and relaxing collateral requirements. When credit becomes available, households would like to borrow in order to frontload consumption, and this increases demand for housing and non-housing consumption. If the increase in the demand for housing translates into an increase in prices, then credit is fueled further, this time endogenously, both because of the wealth eect (the existing housing stock is now more valuable) and because housing can be used as collateral. Because a lifetime budget constraint still applies, even in the absence of a financial crisis, the initial expansion in housing and non-housing consumption will be followed by a period of contraction, with declining consumption and house prices. My mechanism clarifies that boom-bust dynamics will be accentuated in regions with inelastic supply of housing and muted in elastic regions. In line with qualitative predictions of my model, I provide evidence that dierences in regions’ elasticity of housing and initial relaxation of collateral constraints can explain most of the 2000-2006 boom and the subsequent bust in house prices and consumption across US counties. Quantitative evaluation of the model shows that reversal in the initial relaxation of collateral constraints is important in explaining the sharp decline of house prices and consumption. However, the model shows that most of the decline would have happened even without a reversal in the initial expansion of credit, albeit over a longer period of time.
Burden of smoking on cause-specific mortality: application to the Nurses' Health Study

Objective The burden of smoking on six causes of death in women was evaluated using various novel modelling approaches. Design A prospective US-based nationwide cohort study. Participants 102 635 women in the Nurses' Health Study followed biennially from 1980 to 2004. Methods The relation between cigarette smoking and cause-specific death was compared using baseline versus biennially updated smoking status. The authors used competing risk survival analysis to formally compare associations of smoking-related variables on risk of death as a result of coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular diseases, lung cancer, other respiratory diseases, other smoking-caused cancers and other causes. Results The associations of current and former smoking were stronger with most cause-specific mortality when using updated information. The effect of each smoking-related variable differed significantly (ph <0.0001) across some causes of death. For example, risks increased by 5% for death due to other causes up to 37% for lung cancer death for a 5-year earlier age at initiation. Compared with continuing to smoke, former smokers with 5–10 years of cessation had a 25% reduction in risk of dying from other causes of death up to a 61% reduction in risk of dying from CHD and cerebrovascular diseases. Conclusions The risks of smoking and the benefits from quitting are greater than previously reported, when utilising repeated measures of smoking data collected during follow-up, and vary by cause of death. Focused efforts to communicate the benefits of quitting to smokers and to prevent smoking initiation among children and youths should remain top public health priorities to reduce the worldwide mortality burden caused by smoking.
Design application to lose weight of overweight person (Steppy Application)

Obesity increases the chances of various diseases, particularly heart disease, diabetes type 2, obstructive sleep apnea, certain cancers, osteoarthritis and asthma. Obesity is often caused by a combination of excessive food energy intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine disorders, medications or psychiatric illness. Through this application, hopefully people will gain their healthy. This application has gamification to lead people to do walk activity.
Electric measurement of the electroporation efficiency of mash from wine grapes

The degree of cell opening after electroporation can be derived from an electric impedance measurement in a frequency range between 500 Hz and 10 MHz. For a simple detection in a continuously flowing medium a measurement at a discrete frequency evaluating the phase shift between a measurement voltage across an electrode system and a current flowing through the sample volume has been investigated. The paper describes impedance measurements of the mash of wine grapes. For different grape varieties the frequency dependency of the phase shift has been measured. The data showed that the frequency of maximum phase shift differs with the grape variety. For the mash of wine grapes the measurement results based on the measurement of the complex impedance have been compared to the degree of extraction of color from the peel tissue of red wine grapes as a conventional method to determine the degree of denaturation. The measurements showed a correspondence between the color intensity of the must and the electric measurements.
Personal and shared: the reach of different herbal landscapes

We analyse the use of medicinal plants by local populations from two parishes in central Estonia in the 1930s applying a model of herbal landscape. Our study, based on archived records of traditional ecological knowledge of 11 schoolchildren and 5 adults, compares the individuals' expertise of medicinal plants to the common knowledge of the local community. This shared knowledge, passed on from generation to generation inside the community (ecocultural commons), is distributed unequally among its members. The results of the study show that 65 plant and 3 fungi taxa were used in folk medicine to deal with 49 indications. Further, the study reveals how know- ledge on plants was distributed among individuals throughout the local communities and how folk wisdom about medicinal plants was preserved. The individual herbal landscapes of the respondents varied considerably, with the usage of many plants shared by only a few members of the community. Still, the general pattern of the communal herbal landscape follows relatively well the pattern of the plant use in folk medicine in Estonia at the time under review, with just a few exceptions. Hence, every person partakes in the knowledge of the ecocultural commons, whereas the individual share of the community's knowledge is not complete.
A predictive nearest level control of modular multilevel converter

Model predictive control (MPC) is an emerging control technique which can include the multiple control objectives, nonlinearities and system constraints easily. The main drawback of MPC for modular multilevel converter (MMC) application is its large computation, since the high level MMC has huge combination of switching states. Choosing the weighting factors of the cost function for MMC is also very complex. In this paper, a new predictive nearest level control (PNLC) is proposed, which uses the predicted values of control objectives to directly calculate the optimal number of on-state sub-modules (SMs) in each arm, then determines the specific SMs to be switched on according to sorting strategy for capacitor voltage balancing and average switching frequency reduction. In this improved predictive control, no calculation of cost function under different combination of switching states is needed. It is suitable for low and high level MMC. The results are verified through simulation, which shows the proposed control technique has better performance than conventional MPC.
Finite- and Infinite-Horizon Shapley Games with Nonsymmetric Partial Observation

We consider asymmetric partially observed Shapley-type finite-horizon and infinite-horizon games where the state, a controlled Markov chain $\{X_t\}$, is not observable to one player (minimizer) who observes only a state-dependent signal $\{Y_t\}$. The maximizer observes both. The minimizer is informed of the maximizer's action after (before) choosing his control in the MINMAX (MAXMIN) game. A nontrivial open problem in such situations is how the minimizer can use this knowledge to update his belief about $\{X_t\}$. To address this, the maximizer uses off-line control functions which are known to the minimizer. Using these, novel control-parameterized nonlinear filters are constructed which are proved to characterize the conditional distribution of the full path of $\{X_t\}$. Using these filters, recursive algorithms are developed which show that saddle-points exist in both behavioral and Markov strategies for the finite-horizon case in both games. These algorithms are extended to prove saddle-points in M.