Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A single dose of caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents initiation in a medium-term rat hepatocarcinogenesis model.

AIM To study of the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the initiation period in a medium-term assay of hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to a carcinogenic treatment (CT) and sacrificed at 25th d; altered hepatic foci (AHF) were generated efficiently. To a second group of rats a single 20 mg/kg doses of CAPE was given 12 h before initiation with CT and were sacrificed at 25th d. We evaluated the expression of preneoplastic markers as gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and glutathione S-transferase type pi protein (GSTp) by histochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. We measured thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in homogenates of liver and used Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (UDS) assay by incorporation of [3H] thymidine (3HdT) in primary hepatocyte cultures (PHC). RESULTS At 25th d after CT CAPE reduced the observed increase of GGT+AHF by 84% and liver expression of ggt mRNA by 100%. In case of the GSTp protein, the level was reduced by 90%. As indicative of oxidative stress generated by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) 12 h after its administration, we detected a 68% increase of TBARS. When CAPE was administered before DEN, it completely protected from liver TBARS induction. To have an indication of the sole effect of CAPE on initiation, two carcinogens were tested in a UDS assay in PHC, we used methyl-n-nitrosoguanidine as a direct carcinogen and DEN, as indirect carcinogen. In this assay, genotoxic damage caused by carcinogens was abolished at 5 microM CAPE concentration. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that CAPE possesses anti-genotoxic and antineoplastic capabilities, by an anti-oxidative and free-radical scavenging mechanism.
Puebloan Historic Demographic Trends

Scientists have conducted numerous studies of the Puebloan peoples residing in southwestern North America. Nonetheless, as two leading and energetic specialists admitted, "We have, we know, barely scratched the surface of the amount of work that must be done" (Cordell and Plog 1979: 424). Some of the most necessary analysis yet to be done bears upon the biological, social structural, and cultural changes that occurred among the rapidly diminishing Pueblo peoples during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. This essay takes a direct historical approach toward illuminating these changes.
Oral microbiota, dental caries and periodontal status in smokeless tobacco chewers in Karnataka, India: a case-control study.

PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to compare dental caries and periodontal disease status associated with oral microflora among smokeless tobacco chewers and non-chewers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two smokeless tobacco chewers and 42 non-chewers (age 20 to 60 years) were assessed for dental caries and periodontal disease status using the Decayed Missing Filled Surface (DMFS) Index, Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Loss of Attachment (LA) Index. Stimulated saliva and subgingival plaque samples were collected from each subject for performing a culture-based analysis of 20 types of oral microorganisms. Qualitative and semi-quantitative culture-based analysis using MacConkey agar, and aerobic and anaerobic blood agar was carried out to determine the total cultivable microflora. Mutans-Sanguis agar, Pfizer selective Enterococcus agar and Rogosa SL agar were used for the culture of microorganisms associated with dental caries. Mann–Whitney U test and Student t test were employed to compare colony-forming units (CFUs) and caries experience between smokeless tobacco chewers and nonchewers. Z proportionality test was used to compare the periodontal disease status. RESULTS Caries experience among chewers (26 of 42), that is those subjects who were affected by caries, was significantly less at 61.9% (mean DMFS = 3.5) compared to non-chewers (38 of 42, 90.5%) (mean DMFS = 5.5) (P < 0.05). Deep pockets measuring > 5.5 mm on a CPI probe were found among 26.2% of chewers and 19.1% of nonchewers, with no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). Counts of Lactobacillus species were significantly lower among chewers (median CFU = 0.788 x 10⁵) than among non-chewers (median CFU = 1.52 x 10⁵) (P < 0.05). Prevotella and Porphyromonas species had a median CFU of 0.04 x 105 in chewers and 0.15 x 10⁵ in non-chewers, whereas Fusobacterium species had a median CFU of 0.02 x 10⁵ in chewers and 0.1 x 10⁵ in non-chewers (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A higher percentage of caries among non-chewers can be explained by greater numbers of Lactobacillus species in this population. Chewers experienced a slightly higher incidence of periodontal disease than non-chewers, but the difference was not significant. These clinical observations suggest a lower ability of Gram-negative bacteria to mediate more periodontal disease in this population.
Single-Author Thesis THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TACTICAL- LEVEL FULL RANGE LEADERSHIP MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT THESIS

Since the emergence of transformational and charismatic leadership models in the mid-1980s, full range leadership theory has become established as the predominant and most widely researched theory on leadership. The most commonly used survey instrument to assess full range leadership theory is the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, originally developed by Bass in 1985. Although much research has supported the strength of the psychometric properties of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, some researchers have suggested that contextual factors such as a leader’s hierarchical level can lead to conflicting results. This research effort involved an extensive review of existing literature to develop a new full range leadership theory measurement instrument that effectively targets lowto mid-level supervisors, or tacticallevel leaders. Results indicate that the newly developed Leadership Profile Measure scales have stronger internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α) than the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. The Leadership Profile Measure also demonstrated better model fit (evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis). Correlations between the Leadership Profile Measure and performance evaluations conducted by trained raters were low, although many were significant.
Biomarkers From Late Pregnancy to 6 Weeks Postpartum in HIV-Infected Women Who Continue Versus Discontinue Antiretroviral Therapy After Delivery

Background:Women who use antiretroviral therapy (ART) solely for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV discontinue postpartum. We hypothesized that women discontinuing ART by 6 weeks postpartum (“discontinuers”) would have elevated postpartum inflammatory biomarker levels relative to women remaining on ART postpartum (“continuers”). Methods:Data from HIV-infected pregnant women enrolled in the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group P1025 with CD4 counts >350 cells per cubic millimeter before initiating ART or first pregnancy CD4 counts >400 cells per cubic millimeter after starting ART and with available stored plasma samples at >20 weeks of gestation, delivery, and 6 weeks postpartum were analyzed. Plasma samples were tested for highly sensitive C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and interleukin-6. We used longitudinal linear spline regression to model biomarkers over time. Results:Data from 128 women (65 continuers and 63 discontinuers) were analyzed. All biomarkers increased from late pregnancy to delivery, then decreased postpartum (slopes different from 0, P < 0.001). Continuers had a steeper decrease in log D-dimer between delivery and 6 weeks postpartum than discontinuers (P = 0.002). Conclusions:In contrast to results from treatment interruption studies in adults, both ART continuers and ART discontinuers had significant decreases in the levels of D-dimer, highly sensitive C-reactive protein, or interleukin-6 postpartum. Continuation was associated with a more rapid decline in D-dimer levels compared with discontinuation.
Pathogenesis of Murine Experimental Allergic Rhinitis: A Study of Local and Systemic Consequences of IL-5 Deficiency1

Recent studies have demonstrated an important role for IL-5-dependent bone marrow eosinophil progenitors in allergic inflammation. However, studies using anti-IL-5 mAbs in human asthmatics have failed to suppress lower airway hyperresponsiveness despite suppression of eosinophilia; therefore, it is critical to examine the role of IL-5 and bone marrow responses in the pathogenesis of allergic airway disease. To do this, we studied the effects of IL-5 deficiency (IL-5−/−) on bone marrow function as well as clinical and local events, using an established experimental murine model of allergic rhinitis. Age-matched IL-5+/+ and IL-5−/− BALB/c mice were sensitized to OVA followed by 2 wk of daily OVA intranasal challenge. IL-5−/− OVA-sensitized mice had significantly higher nasal mucosal CD4+ cells and basophilic cell counts as well as nasal symptoms and histamine hyperresponsiveness than the nonsensitized group; however, there was no eosinophilia in either nasal mucosa or bone marrow; significantly lower numbers of eosinophil/basophil CFU and maturing CFU eosinophils in the presence of recombinant mouse IL-5 in vitro; and significantly lower expression of IL-5Rα on bone marrow CD34+CD45+ progenitor cells in IL-5−/− mice. These findings suggest that IL-5 is required for normal bone marrow eosinophilopoiesis, in response to specific Ag sensitization, during the development of experimental allergic rhinitis. However, the results also suggest that suppression of the IL-5-eosinophil pathway in this model of allergic rhinitis may not completely suppress clinical symptoms or nasal histamine hyperresponsiveness, because of the existence of other cytokine-progenitor pathways that may induce and maintain the presence of other inflammatory cell populations.
Eating disorder symptomatology and gender role orientation.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to investigate associations between gender role orientation and eating pathology in a sample of females with eating disorders (ED). METHODS Sixty-eight women with anorexia nervosa and 123 women with bulimia nervosa completed the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), the Eating Disorders Inventory, and the Sexual Anxiety subscale of the Anorexia Nervosa Inventory for Self-Rating. RESULTS All three subscales of the BSRI--femininity, masculinity, and social desirability--correlated negatively with self-reported ED behavior and attitudes. Individuals with high levels of androgyny (i.e., those scoring high on femininity and masculinity) reported lower levels of ED symptomatology compared with undifferentiated individuals (i.e., those scoring low on femininity and masculinity), who showed higher levels of ED symptoms. DISCUSSION Femininity and masculinity, although independent traits, should not be considered isolated from each other in the context of ED. In females with ED, androgyny appears to be associated with lower levels of ED symptoms. Self-esteem may play a mediating role in this association.
A brief review of salient factors influencing adult eating behaviour

Abstract A better understanding of the factors that influence eating behaviour is of importance as our food choices are associated with the risk of developing chronic diseases such as obesity, CVD, type 2 diabetes or some forms of cancer. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that the industrial food production system is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emission and may be unsustainable. Therefore, our food choices may also contribute to climate change. By identifying the factors that influence eating behaviour new interventions may be developed, at the individual or population level, to modify eating behaviour and contribute to society’s health and environmental goals. Research indicates that eating behaviour is dictated by a complex interaction between physiology, environment, psychology, culture, socio-economics and genetics that is not fully understood. While a growing body of research has identified how several single factors influence eating behaviour, a better understanding of how these factors interact is required to facilitate the developing new models of eating behaviour. Due to the diversity of influences on eating behaviour this would probably necessitate a greater focus on multi-disciplinary research. In the present review, the influence of several salient physiological and environmental factors (largely related to food characteristics) on meal initiation, satiation (meal size) and satiety (inter-meal interval) are briefly discussed. Due to the large literature this review is not exhaustive but illustrates the complexity of eating behaviour. The present review will also highlight several limitations that apply to eating behaviour research.
Omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus, spine defects complex, and bilateral cleft lip and palate in one product of a triplet pregnancy obtained by in vitro fertilization: A case report

Omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spine defects (OEIS) complex was described by Carey et al. [1978] as an association of four severe congenital malformations (OEIS). The OEIS complex is rare, affecting 1 in 200,000 to 1 in 400,000 births [Hurwitz et al., 1987]. We report on an infant with major malformations as a part of OEIS complex with cleft lip and palate (CLP) obtained in a triplet pregnancy after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Our patient is the first case of OEIS with CLP. IVF may have been a contributing factor in this case. We present a female infant of 5 months, born in Panama, conceived after IVF with frozen sperm from the 43-year-old biological father who was in good health. The mother, also 43 years old, was diagnosed with endometriosis at age 27, and treated with danazol that resulted in early menopause. Four previous cycles of IVF were unsuccessful. IVF was successful utilizing ten fresh ova from a healthy 27-year-old donor. Four embryos were implanted, but only three survived. Sonograms were performed monthly, without abnormalities noted in the three fetuses. Amniocentesis and chorionic villi sampling (CVS) were not done. A normal maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein was recorded at the fifth month of pregnancy. The pregnancy was interrupted, by abdominal section, at 32 weeks of gestation because of abruption placentae. Our index case was the third child born. The normal triplets were female with normal weights for gestational age, and normal physical examinations. Our patient weighed 1,118 g and her length was 37 cm. with Apgar scores of 8/9. She hadbilateral CLP, and major malformations including in omphalocele, cloacal exstrophy, and imperforate anus, which fulfilled the clinical criteria of OEIS complex (Fig. 1). Correction of omphalocele, cloacal exstrophy, and imperforate anus were performed in the immediate newborn period. She was referred to our Institute, at 5 months because of mild developmental delay. Her weight, length, and head circumference were below the 3rd centile, she had a depressed nasal bridge, bilateral epicanthal folds, facial asymmetry, bilateral CLP. The labiamajorawere separated, the anuswaspatent and the right foot clubbed. The lip and palate were repaired at 9 months (Fig. 2). Symphysis pubis diastasis was present and cervical spine films revealed vertebral segmentation defects, including hemivertebras. A CT cerebral scan only showed mild cortical atrophy in frontal region. Kidney ultrasound and karyotype were normal. We propose that our patient has OEIS complex, a rare sporadic association between four severe congenital malformations OEIS that was first described by Carey et al. [1978]. The etiology is very heterogeneous, although most of the cases are sporadic, there has been observed recurrence in sibs [Smith et al., 1992] and monocygotic twin cases [Lee
MacA, a Diheme c-Type Cytochrome Involved in Fe(III) Reduction by Geobacter sulfurreducens

ABSTRACT A 36-kDa diheme c-type cytochrome abundant in Fe(III)-respiring Geobacter sulfurreducens, designated MacA, was more highly expressed during growth with Fe(III) as the electron acceptor than with fumarate. Although MacA has homology to proteins with in vitro peroxidase activity, deletion of macA had no impact on response to oxidative stress. However, the capacity for Fe(III) reduction was greatly diminished, indicating that MacA, which is predicted to be localized in the periplasm, is a key intermediate in electron transfer to Fe(III).
Partial 7q11.23 deletions further implicate GTF2I and GTF2IRD1 as the main genes responsible for the Williams–Beuren syndrome neurocognitive profile

Background Williams–Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a developmental disorder with multisystemic manifestations mainly characterised by vascular stenoses, distinctive craniofacial features, mental retardation with a characteristic neurocognitive profile, and some endocrine and connective tissue abnormalities, caused by a recurrent deletion of 1.55 Mb including 26–28 genes at chromosomal region 7q11.23. The analysis of clinical–molecular correlations in a few reported atypical patients has been useful to propose several deleted genes as main contributors to specific aspects of the WBS phenotype. Patients and methods Two additional families with partial phenotypes and atypical 7q11.23 deletions were studied. Deletions were precisely defined at the nucleotide level, and the expression levels of some affected and flanking genes were assessed in lymphoblastoid cell lines. Results Affected individuals presented variable cardiovascular and connective tissue manifestations, subtle craniofacial features, normal visuospatial construction abilities with low average IQ and no endocrine abnormalities. The deletion in family NW1 encompassed 817 kb with 11 genes (CLDN3–GTF2IRD1), and 610 kb with 14 genes (VPS37D–RFC2) in family NW2. All deleted genes in typical and atypical deletions revealed low expression levels in lymphoblastoid cell lines, except for GTF2IRD1. CLIP2 was also underexpressed in all patients despite being outside the deletion in NW2, while no other flanking non-deleted gene showed significantly different expression compared to controls. Conclusions Along with previously reported cases, clinical–molecular correlations in these two families further confirm that the functional hemizygosity for the GTF2I and GTF2IRD1 genes is the main cause of the neurocognitive profile and some aspects of the gestalt phenotype of WBS.
Mycotic meningitis due to Candida.

The clinical history and necropsy findings are presented of a patient who died with central nervous system involvement of an obscure nature. At necropsy the appearance of the lesion suggested tuberculous meningitis. However, microscopic examination revealed the presence of, and the reaction to, a fungus of the genus Candida, probably Candida albicans. The case is presented because Candida is a rare cause of meningitis. Smith and Sano and Miale have reported instances of meningeal involvement by Candida albicans. This however is the first case in which localization occurred in the central nervous system only. REPORT OF CASE L. J., a Negro aged 25, was first seen at the University Hospitals on Sept. 1, 1941, when he complained of headache of eleven months' duration. The pain was bitemporal with the sensation of the eyes "drawing. " Four months prior to admission his neck became painful and diplopia developed. Two weeks before admission
THE SOCIAL PROVISIONS SCALE AND BI-FACTOR-ESEM Construct Validity of the Social Provisions Scale : A Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Approach

Construct Validity of the Social Provisions Scale: A Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Approach Harsha N. Perera University of Southern Queensland Author Note Harsha N. Perera, School of Linguistics, Adult and Specialist Education, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia. Correspondence regarding this article should be addressed to Harsha Perera, School of Linguistics, Adult and Specialist Education, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia. Email: Harsha.Perera@usq.edu. au
Identification of complement C3 as an autoantigen in inflammatory bowel disease

Objective Autoantibodies against goblet cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa have been described in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but a corresponding autoantigen has not yet been identified. The aim of this study was to identify such an antigen. Methods First, 10 candidate autoantigens were discarded based on double stainings of appendiceal sections and a mucin-producing cell line (HT29-mtx). Second, an appendiceal cDNA library was immunoscreened with IBD sera. Results Three out of 48 positive clones were identified as complement C3. Using immunoprecipitation of in vitro transcribed and translated C3, seven of 17 primary sclerosing cholangitis patient sera, 15 of 65 IBD sera, and none out of 54 sera from healthy blood donors showed C3 immunoreactivity. The results were confirmed using western blot and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with alternative sources of C3 protein. Conclusion In conclusion, we have identified complement C3 as a potential autoantigen in IBD and primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Iguanas and Salmonella marina infection in children: a reflection of the increasing incidence of reptile-associated salmonellosis in the United States.

OBJECTIVE To investigate clinical aspects and risk factors for Salmonella serotype Marina infection in the United States. METHODS We identified all isolates of S Marina reported in 1994 to the National Salmonella Surveillance System. Patients were interviewed about demographic information, clinical course, diet, travel history, and contact with reptiles before illness. RESULTS Twenty-six (81%) of 32 patients were infants (<1 year of age) and 24 (75%) were male. This differs from other Salmonella isolates reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1994, of which 14% were from infants and 49% from male patients. Eleven patients (34%) were hospitalized for a median of 3.5 days (range: 2 to 21 days), and 1 died. Of 28 patients (88%) with reported iguana exposure, only 4 (14%) touched the reptile, and only 12 respondents (43%) realized that it might have been the source of infection. Seven (32%) of 22 families who owned an iguana at the time of illness continued to own an iguana when contacted a median of 28 weeks later. Persons who thought that the iguana was the source of infection were more likely to have given away or sold the pet than those who did not. Four isolates (13%) were from blood. Bacteremia was associated with taking antibiotics during the 30 days before S Marina infection (odds ratio: 24; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-1309). CONCLUSION S Marina infection is a potentially serious illness associated with iguana exposure, and it reflects the larger problem of reptile-associated salmonellosis. Many parents do not know that owning an iguana puts their children at risk for Salmonella infection. Pediatricians, veterinarians, and pet store owners should inform their patients and customers of the potential risks of owning reptiles and provide appropriate preventive education.
Effect of Supplemental Carbidopa on Bioavailability of l‐dopa

The effect of doubling carbidopa intake on single dose bioavailability of L-Dopa was examined in five parkinsonian patients. Increasing carbidopa from a mean of 145 to 290 mg/day caused a mean increase in peak plasma Dopa concentrations from 1,893 +/- 476 to 2,733 +/- 607 ng/ml and area under the Dopa plasma concentration versus time curve of 24.6 +/- 10.0%, as well as a decrease in the time to peak plasma concentration to 0.7 +/- 0.2 versus 1.2 +/- 0.3 h. Increasing the within-dose ratio of carbidopa to L-Dopa, even in patients receiving "maximally effective" doses of carbidopa, further increases bioavailability of L-Dopa, presumably by inhibiting "first pass' metabolism in the gut.