Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved techniques for software testing based on markov chain usage models

Markov chain usage models have been used successfully to aid in the testing of computer software. It is possible to extend the current Markov chain testing methodology. The additional results presented in this dissertation are: (1) The correct calculation for the probability of an arc appearing in a testing sequence. (2) The expected number of sequences to cover a state or an arc with associated variance. (3) A Bayesian single-use software reliability estimator. (4) A Bayesian single-action software reliability estimator. (5) A reliability estimator based on stratified sampling techniques. (6) A test of the convergence of the testing experience to the expected use of the software.
The Development of Multimedia and Interactive System, through Network for Learning in Opportunities School

This research focused on the development of multimedia and interactive system, through network for learning in the opportunities school. This system was used as a channel for students to learn outside the classroom and as a teaching management tool for teachers. Tools for system development were Microsoft Visual Studio program while the database management system was MySQL. PHP and Java scripts were for writing commands. To evaluate the efficiency of the developed system, sample group and questionnaires were processed. The population of this research was a group of teachers and students of the Bankamwa school (Weboonratsamakee) in total of 97 people. The result of experiment shows that group recognizes the performance of system in the higher level and the system is efficient for its purposes.
Ellipsis and wa-marking in Japanese Conversation

1 Introduction 1.1 Overview 1.1.1 Part I: The CHJ Corpus 1.1.2 Part II: Ellipsis and wa-marking 1.2 Notes to the Reader 1.2.1 Intended Audience 1.2.2 Japanese Language Examples I. The CHJ Corpus 2 Corpora and Conversation 2.1 Introduction to Part I 2.2 Introduction to Language Corpora 2.2.1 The Role of the Corpus in Linguistics 2.2.2 Basic Features of Corpora 2.2.3 Annotated Corpora 2.3 Speech Corpora 2.3.1 Spoken versus Written Language 2.3.2 Planned Speech 2.3.3 Pragmatic or Task-Oriented Dialogues 2.3.4 Casual Conversations 2.4 Characteristics of Conversation 2.4.1 Turn-taking Behavior 2.4.2 Backchannel Behavior 2.4.3 Disfluencies 2.4.4 Conversational Structure 3 The CHJ Corpus 3.1 The LDC CallHome Corpora 3.2 About the CHJ Corpus 3.3 About the Speakers 3.4 The CHJ Transcripts 3.4.1 Morphological Segmentation 3.4.2 Size of the CHJ Corpus 3.4.3 Other Transcription Conventions 3.4.4 Alterations to the Transcripts 4 Annotating the CHJ Corpus 4.1 Introdution 4.1.1 Native-Speaker Annotators 4.1.2 NTT Goi-Taikei Semantic Dictionary 4.2 The CHJ Lexicon 4.2.1 Overview of the Lexicon 4.2.2 GT Semantic Categories 4.3 Semantic and POS Annotations 4.3.1 Format of the Annotated Transcripts 4.3.2 POS Annotations 4.4 Predicate-Argument Annotations 4.4.1 Structural Annotation 4.4.2 Goi-Taikei Transfer Dictionary 4.4.3 Hand-tagging of Predicate-Argument Relations 4.4.4 Results of the Hand-tagging 4.4.5 Predicate-Argument Annotation Format 4.5 Acoustic Annotations 4.5.1 Overview of Speech Processing 4.5.2 F0 Measurements 4.5.3 Word Segmentation 4.5.4 Format of Acoustic Annotations II. Ellipsis and wa-marking 5 Ellipsis 5.1 Introduction to Part II 5.2 Introduction to Ellipsis 5.2.1 What Is Ellipsis? 5.2.2 Examples of Ellipsis 5.2.3 Functions of Ellipsis 5.3 Argument Ellipsis 5.3.1 Note on Zero Pronoun Resolution 5.3.2 Argument Ellipsis in the CHJ Corpus 5.3.3 Subject Ellipsis 5.3.4 Ellipsis in Transitive and Intransitive Predicates 5.3. 5 Conclusion: Argument Ellipsis 5.4 Particle Ellipsis 5.4.1 Introduction 5.4.2 Sex and Dialect 5.4.3 Syntactic Factors in Particle Ellipsis 5.4.4 Animacy and Definiteness 5.4.5 Focus and Particle Ellipsis 5.4. 6 Conclusion: Particle Ellipsis 6 Wa-marking 6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 Topic and Subject in Japanese 6.1.2 Mechanics of Wa-marking 6.2 Semantics of wa- and ga- Phrases 6.2.1 Kuno's Taxonomy of wa and ga 6.2.2 Categorical versus Thetic Judgments 6.2.3 Wa as a Backgrounding Particle 6.2.4 Old versus New Information 6.2. 5 File Card-Based Accounts of wa and ga 6.2. 6 The Strong Familiarity Condition 6.2. 7 Conclusion: Semantics of wa- and ga- Phrases 6.3 Intonation of wa and ga 6.3.1 Intonation and Focus 6.3.2 F0 Correlates of wa- Phrases 6.3.3 F0 Correlates of wa and ga in CHJ 6.3.4 Conclusion: Intonation of wa and ga 6.4 Properties of wa-marked Nouns 6.4.1 Accessibility to wa-marking 6.4.2 Semantic Properties of wa- and ga-marked Nouns 6.4.3 Conclusion: Properties of wa-marked Nouns III. Appendices A Background on the Japanese Language A.1 Introduction A.2 Grammar A.3 Dialects A.4 Politeness and Formality A.5 Sentence-final Discourse Particles Bibliography Index
Problem Seeking: An Architectural Programming Primer

Part One: An Architectural Programming Primer The Primer The Search Programmers and Designers Analysis and Synthesis The Separation The Interface Five Steps Procedure The Whole Problem Four Considerations Framework Information Index Organizing Information Two-Phase Process Data Clog Processing and Discarding Abstract to Essence User on Team Ways of Thinking Effective Group Action Team Participatory Process Background Information Decision Making Communication Establish Goals Collect and Analyze Facts Uncover and Test Concepts Determine Needs Cost Estimate Analysis State the Problem Programming Principles Part Two: The Appendix Introduction Terms and Examples Programming Procedures Programming Activities Useful Techniques Selected Bibliography Index
Learning Classifier Systems, From Foundations to Applications

Basics. - What Is a Learning Classifier System? - A Roadmap to the Last Decade of Learning Classifier System Research (From 1989 to 1999). - State of XCS Classifier System Research. - An Introduction to Learning Fuzzy Classifier Systems. - Advanced Topics. - Fuzzy and Crisp Representations of Real-Valued Input for Learning Classifier Systems. - Do We Really Need to Estimate Rule Utilities in Classifier Systems? - Strength or Accuracy? Fitness Calculation in Learning Classifier Systems. - Non-homogeneous Classifier Systems in a Macro-evolution Process. - An Introduction to Anticipatory Classifier Systems. - A Corporate XCS. - Get Real! XCS with Continuous-Valued Inputs. - Applications. - XCS and the Monk's Problems. - Learning Classifier Systems Applied to Knowledge Discovery in Clinical Research Databases. - An Adaptive Agent Based Economic Model. - The Fighter Aircraft LCS: A Case of Different LCS Goals and Techniques. - Latent Learning and Action Planning in Robots with Anticipatory Classifier Systems. - The Bibliography. - A Learning Classifier Systems Bibliography.
The Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol

A process for the production of a uniformly blended textured vegetable protein food product including a mixture of dehydrated food granules containing specifically sized granules of a flavored textured soy protein. The dehydrated food particles including the flavored textured soy granules are mixed in a blender so as to blend the particles together into a uniform mixture. Dehydrated onion flakes of a specific size are then added and finally mixed with the previously blended food particles so as to blend all the particles together whereby oils from certain flavored soy granules (i.e. bacon) are coated on and absorbed by the onion flakes and other dehydrated vegetables and additives.
Queueing Networks with Blocking: Exact and Approximate Solutions

1: Basic concepts. 2: Numerical methods for queueing networks with blocking. 3: Two-node open queueing networks with blocking. 4: Approximate analysis of open tandem queueing networks with blocking. 5: Approximate analysis of arbitrarily linked open queueing networks with blocking. 6: Closed queueing networks with blocking with product-form solution. Applications. Bibliography. Table of symbols. Index
The European Union and e-democracy: Interactive Policy-Making (IPM)

This study assesses the European Commission's Interactive Policy-Making (IPM) initiative launched in 2001 with respect to its potential to promote democratic participation in the European Union (EU). It is argued that the EU is an example of the consultative, if not participatory model of e-democracy. The first section reviews the existing literature on the implications of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) for democratic participation, followed by a brief history of e-government and e-democracy in the EU in the second section. The third section investigates the IPM project in detail, before evaluating the findings in the last section.
Sensory Integration During Goal Directed Reaches: The Effects of Manipulating Target Availability

When using visual and proprioceptive information to plan a reach, it has been proposed that the brain combines these cues to estimate the object and/or limb's location. Specifically, according to the maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) model, more reliable sensory inputs are assigned a greater weight (Ernst & Banks, 2002). In this research we examined if it is possible for the brain to adjust which sensory cue it weights the most. Particularly, we asked if the brain changes how it weights sensory information when the availability of a visual cue is manipulated. Twelve healthy subjects reached to visual (V), proprioceptive (P), or visual + proprioceptive (VP) targets under different visual delay conditions (e.g. on V and VP trials, the visual target was available for the entire reach, it was removed with the go-signal or 1, 2 or 5 seconds before the go-signal). To establish which sensory cue the brain weighted the most, we compared endpoint positions achieved on V and P reaches to VP reaches. Results indicated that subjects weighted sensory cues in accordance with the MLE model across all delay conditions and that these weights were similar regardless of the visual delay. Moreover, while errors increased with longer visual delays, there was no change in reaching variance. Thus, manipulating the visual environment was not enough to change subjects' weighting strategy, further indicating that sensory information is integrated in accordance with the reliability of a sensory cue.Acknowledgments: Research support: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (EKC)
Singularities in the determination of the situation of a robot effector from the perspective view of 3 points

With the advent of new visual sensors technology and improved image processing meth-ods, the possibility of relying only on visual information to design closed-loop commands for robot control is not an utopia anymore. This approach brings many advantages such as direct use of image characteristics in control. Instead of intervening at di(cid:11)erent stages in the control process, robot controllers and image processing modules closely cooperate to achieve a vast collection of various robotics tasks such as assembling mechanical parts or driving a mobile robot. This concept: visual servoing, though fruitful, leads us to face new and unsolved issues. Among them, one is crucial for practical design of such vision-based systems. The information extracted from the images provided by the cameras must be incorporated in a controllable scheme for which a robust command must be found. These control theory considerations can be expressed as: the mapping between the space where controls are performed and the space where measures are observed must be regular enough. The most obvious of these regularity conditions is: we should not encounter singularities. What we call singularities are con(cid:12)gurations where the rank of the di(cid:11)erential of these mapping functions decreases. In practice, those singularities would account for cases where we should have to solve ill conditioned problems and (cid:12)nd an inverse for singular matrices. We give here a complete solution of such a problem when the space of controls is the 6 degrees of freedom of a robot end-e(cid:11)ector (3 positions plus 3 angles) and the space of measurements is the set of triplets of projected points. These points are the perspective projections counterparts in 2D space of known triplets of rigidly connected points in 3D space. In practical realizations these points could be, for example, centers of circles determined from a CAD model of a mechanical part, or in an automated cartography context, landmarks on the ground.
The Effects of Authentic Materials Using Role-playing Activities on Oral Proficiency: A Case Study of Thai Undergraduate Students

This study investigates the effects of authentic materials and contextually developed role-playing activities on the oral proficiency of Thai undergraduate students. The study was conducted at Prince of Songkhla University, Thailand during the first semester (June to September) of 2010. The study consisted of four research instruments and the data were analyzed using Independent Samples t-test to determine whether the authentic materials and contextually developed role-playing activities had improved the students’ oral fluency and accuracy in the target language. The findings indicated statistically significant differences between the two groups, wherein the experimental group performed better on both fluency and accuracy than the control group. Therefore, based on the findings of the current study, it can be concluded that authentic materials and contextually developed role-playing activities involving a series of sequential events are effective in enhancing learners’ oral proficiency in programs of English as a foreign language in the context of Thailand English education.
Non-linear model identification and statistical significance tests and their application to financial modelling

We describe a methodology, based upon the statistical concept of analysis of variance (ANOVA), which can be used both for non-linear model identification and for testing the statistical significance of inputs to a neural network. We compare our model identification procedure to established approach of correlation analysis on both linear and non-linear time-series. We describe how the significance tests can form the basis of a modelling methodology analagous to stepwise regression. Finally we consider an application of these techniques to the problem of modelling weekly returns of the FTSE 100 index.
The 1991 Census Adjustment: Undercount or Bad Data?

The question of whether to adjust the 1990 [U.S.] census using a capture-recapture model has been hotly argued in statistical journals and courtrooms. Most of the arguments to date concern methodological issues rather than data quality. Following the Post Enumeration Survey which was designed to provide the basic data for adjustment the Census Bureau carried out various evaluation studies to try to determine the accuracy of the adjusted counts as compared to the census counts. This resulted in the P-project reports which totaled over a thousand pages of evaluation descriptions and tables. Careful scrutiny of these studies together with auxiliary sources of information provided by the Census Bureau is used to examine the issue of whether the data gathered in the Post Enumeration Survey can provide reliable undercount estimates. Comments and rejoinders on this and related papers are included (pp. 508-37). (EXCERPT)
The Capitalist Personality. Face-to-Face Sociality and Economic Change in the Post-Communist World.

Bibliography: Foa, Roberto: The Capitalist Personality. Face-to-Face Sociality and Economic Change in the Post-Communist World. , PCS, 2-2013, pp. 274-276. https://doi.org/10.3224/pcs.v4i2. 19809
Developing and Evaluating an Adaptive Business English Self-Learning System for EFL Vocabulary Learning

This paper developed an adaptive Business English self-learning system for EFL vocabulary learning. The components of word reoccurrence and learner engagement have been built into the system where the amount of unknown word reexposure in various customized texts increases and vocabulary enhancement tasks are added to promote learner engagement with wanted words. To evaluate the system effectiveness on EFL vocabulary learning, the experimental group read system-screened texts with immediate and repeated contacts with individuals’ unknown words and performed vocabulary tasks specific to those unknown words, while the control group read online texts without unknown word reoccurrence and vocabulary practice. After one semester, these two groups were measured by one online vocabulary test, and an online user satisfaction investigation was also administered to the experimental group. The study found that the experimental group reading customized texts to reexpose to previously encountered unknown words in different texts along with doing individualized vocabulary exercises performed significantly better in EFL vocabulary learning than the other group. It was also found that the system was appealing for the learners to show positive attitudes toward the use of the system. The study demonstrated that the constructed adaptive Business English self-learning system could effectively promote vocabulary growth.
Observation and numerical simulation of vortex/wave shedding for terrain‐disrupted airflow at Hong Kong International Airport during Typhoon Nesat in 2011

A case of vortex/wave shedding at a mountain near Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) in a tropical cyclone situation is studied in this paper. Compared with similar studies at HKIA in the past, this paper contains novel results by considering both actual observations and numerical simulation of the event, and by studying the shedding in a neutral boundary layer instead of a stably stratified atmosphere in the spring time. The vortex/wave shedding is clearly observed from the radial velocity imagery of Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR). The shedding period is about 7 min, which is consistent with previous results in the literature. The vortex/wave adjacent to the background strong southeasterly flow also leads to significant wind shear over the arrival runway corridor to the west of the north runway of HKIA. It may also be associated with the significant headwind changes encountered by an arriving aircraft that had to conduct missed approach due to the rapidly fluctuating winds. The shedding event is simulated by using the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS) version 4.4 with a horizontal resolution down to 50 m. The model is found to capture the vortex/wave shedding successfully. The simulated shedding period is similar to actual observations, though the associated area of reverse flow is much smaller. As such, with faster computers, it may be possible to forecast the occurrence of significant wind shear associated with vortex/wave shedding in an area of complex terrain and provide earlier alert to the aviation weather forecasters. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
PENGGUNAAN EDUCATION GAME UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA BIOLOGI KONSEP KLASIFIKASI MAKHLUK HIDUP

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA Biologi tentang klasifikasi makhluk hidup bagi siswa kelas VII B SMP N 1 Wonosobo yang dilaksanakan pada semester 1 tahun 2009/2010. Pada siklus I diketahui hasil belajar meningkat tajam dari yakni dari 55,03 menjadi 81,71. Pada akhir siklus II hasil belajar meningkat menjadi 87,57. Jadi pembelajaran menggunakan education game dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar, keaktifan siswa dalam pembelajaran, penguasaan bahasa serta penggunaan ICT dalam pembelajaran. The goal of this research is to improve Biology learning result about living things classification material for first semester students of SMP N 1 Wonosobo class of VII B academic year 2009/2010. In the first cycle it is found out that the learning result is improved from 55.03 to 81.71. In the end of second cycle the learning result is 87.57. So, it can be concluded that education game can improve the students’ learning result, students’ activeness in the learning process, and their achievement of language and using ICT.
Recovery of superquadric primitives from a range image using simulated annealing

Describes a method for recovering volumetric shape descriptions of 3D objects from range data. The models of shape primitives are superquadrics with a global deformation of tapering. The authors first define a new error-of-fit measure for fitting superquadrics to range data. The measure evaluates the difference in both depth and surface orientation between input 3D data and the model surfaces. Simulated annealing is then employed for finding a global minimum of the error-of-fit over all possible values of model parameters including translation, rotation and tapering. <<ETX>>
Preparations for Implementation of RDA in New Zealand Public Libraries

This study examines how New Zealand public libraries will implement the new cataloguing standard of RDA by investigating what preparations for implementation they are making. This study uses a qualitative methodology. The researcher interviewed seven Heads of Cataloguing from public libraries in the lower North Island. These interviews were then analysed to bring out common themes and any differences between interviews. Public libraries in New Zealand are not currently planning on implementing RDA. This will come in the near future when the Library of Congress and then the National Library release their decisions on the implementation of RDA As the last cataloguing change was over thirty years ago, public libraries are likely to be uncertain about what they will need to do to implement this change and how it will affect them. This research will be useful in that it will allow other New Zealand public libraries to see how various libraries are preparing for RDA. This information can then be used to aid in their own decision-making processes.
Coding and Modulation for Spectral Efficient Transmission

We investigate channel coding and modulation for bandwidth-efficient transmission. For the bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) system, we optimize mappings for quadrature amplitude modulation with respect to the resulting symbol and bit error rates at the demapper, and to the achievable BICM and signal set capacities. Further, we design mappings that are most suited for receivers, which exchange information between demapper and decoder in an iterative manner. The mappings are not restricted to certain symbol alphabets, and thus, the optimized mappings outperform similar state-of-the-art schemes. For multi-antenna systems, we examine multidimensional mappings as a means to minimize bit error rates at an iterative receiver. Finally, we derive for block codes over the binary erasure channel closed-form expressions for their transfer characteristics to be used in the extrinsic information transfer chart. Based on that, capacity approaching irregular, i.e., time-varying, codes are suggested. Diese Arbeit untersucht Kanalkodierung undModulation fur bandbreite-effiziente Nachrichtenubertragung. Fur das so genannte “bit-interleaved coded modulation”-System — einer seriellen Verkettung von Kanalkode, Bit-Verwurfelung und Quadratur-Amplituden Modulation (QAM), werden QAM-Mappings vorgestellt, die bezuglich der Symbol- und Bitfehlerhaufigkeit, die beim Detektor auftreten, optimal sind, sowie bezuglich der BICM- und der Signalvorrats-Kapazitat, d.h. informationstheoretisch die Ubertragungsgeschwindigkeit maximieren. Daruber hinaus werden Mappings entworfen, die fur Empfanger geeignet sind, welche iterativ Informationen zwischen Detektor und Dekodierer austauschen. Die Mappings sind nicht auf herkommliche Symbolanordnungen beschrankt, wodurch die optimierten Losungen den Standard-Systemen uberlegen sind. Bei Mehrantennen-Systemen werden multidimensionale Mappings untersucht, welche die Bitfehlerhaufigkeit bei iterativen Empfangern reduzieren. Schlieslich werden Transinformations-Kennlinien fur Block-Kodes hergeleitet, fur den Fall, dass der Kanal durch einen binaren Ausloschungskanal modelliert wird. Diese Kennlinien sind Bestandteil des so genannten EXIT-Diagramms. Darauf aufbauend werden irregulare, also zeitvariante, Kodes vorgeschlagen, die nahe an die Kapazitats-Grenze herankommen.