Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Case Study For Distributed Query Processing

(i) (ii) (is) In the integrated strategy, one component decides which relation should remain fragmented at different sites. The other component decides which local operations, selections and projections, should be performed before the join operations. Our experimental results reveal that the choices made by the integrated algorithm in deciding which relation should remain fragmented and which local operations to be performed are valid. More precisely , the response times of queries processed by the algorithm are lower than those of the same queries processed using other strategies. These experimental results agree with the analytic cost model which we have previously proposed [YGC87]. In addition, our experiments provide insight on the relative cost VO, network, and processing cost in a real environment. This enables us to identify timeconsuming operations in distributed query processing, and suggest ways to improve perforniance.
Patients’ and nurses’ perceptions of respect and human presence through caring behaviours: A comparative study

Although respect and human presence are frequently reported in nursing literature, these are poorly defined within a nursing context. The aim of this study was to examine the differences, if any, in the perceived frequency of respect and human presence in the clinical care, between nurses and patients. A convenience sample of 1537 patients and 1148 nurses from six European countries (Cyprus, Czech Republic, Finland, Greece, Hungary and Italy) participated in this study during autumn 2009. The six-point Likert-type Caring Behaviours Inventory-24 questionnaire was used for gathering appropriate data. The findings showed statistically significant differences of nurses’ and patients’ perception of frequency on respect and human presence. These findings provide a better understanding of caring behaviours that convey respect and assurance of human presence to persons behind the patients and may contribute to close gaps in knowledge regarding patients’ expectations.
Work values and job satisfaction

This study aimed to describe the effect of nursing profession work-related values on job satisfaction among a sample of Iranian nurses. We used in-depth interviews with 30 nurses who worked in university-affiliated and public hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The results of thematic analysis of interviews are reported in four themes to present the participants’ articulations in linking their work-related values to job satisfaction. The themes consist of values that “encourage tolerance,” “enhance inner harmony,” “reflect traditional commitment,” “enhance unity,” and are “centered around altruism and spiritual values. ” The most satisfied participants considered nursing a divine profession and a tool by which they could gain spiritual pleasure and satisfaction. Our findings highlight the potential role of nursing work-related values in reducing dissatisfaction with one’s job. For the nursing profession, this may have implications in reducing job instability and turnover.
Bioethics education of nursing curriculum in Korea

The aim of this study is to examine the current profile of bioethics education in the nursing curriculum as perceived by nursing students and faculty in Korea. A convenience sampling method was used for recruiting 1223 undergraduate nursing students and 140 nursing faculty in Korea. Experience of Bioethics Education, Quality of Bioethics Education, and Demand for Bioethics Education Scales were developed. The Experience of Bioethics Education Scale showed that the nursing curriculum in Korea does not provide adequate bioethics education. The Quality of Bioethics Education Scale revealed that the topics of human nature and human rights were relatively well taught compared to other topics. The Demand for Bioethics Education Scale determined that the majority of the participants believed that bioethics education should be a major requirement in the nursing curriculum. The findings of this study suggest that bioethics should be systemically incorporated into nursing courses, clinical practice during the program, and during continuing education.
Immunomodulatory properties of aloe vera gel in mice

Administration of Aloe vera extract to swiss albino mice (300 mg/kg i.p.) daily for fi ve days, signifi cantly (P < 0.01) increases the total white blood cells count. Further, it increases humoral immune response, as demonstrated from the increase in plaque-forming cells in the spleen and circulating antibody titre. Key words: Aloe vera, immunomodulatory activity, phagocytic activity
In Vivo Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy of Tissue Reaction to Microelectrode Arrays

The goal of this experiment was to determine the electrical properties of the tissue reaction to implanted microelectrode arrays. We describe a new method of analyzing electrical impedance spectroscopy data to determine the complex impedance of the tissue reaction as a function of postimplantation time. A model is used to extract electrical model parameters of the electrode-tissue interface, and is used to isolate the impedance of the tissue immediately surrounding the microelectrode. The microelectrode arrays consist of microfabricated polyimide probes, incorporating four 50-mum-diameter platinum microelectrodes. The devices were implanted in the primary motor cortex of adult rats, and measurements were performed for 12 weeks. Histology was performed on implants at three time points in one month. Results demonstrate that the tissue reaction causes a rapid increase in bioimpedance over the first 20 days, and then stabilizes. This result is supported by histological data.
Analysis of the Mechanism of Action of Deep Brain Stimulation Using the Concepts of Dither Injection and the Equivalent Nonlinearity

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a widely applied clinical procedure for the alleviation of pathological neural activity, and is particularly effective in suppressing the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The mechanisms of action of DBS remain to be fully elucidated. In this paper, we present an application to DBS of the concepts of dither injection and equivalent nonlinearity from the theory of nonlinear feedback control systems. We propose that this model provides a framework for understanding the mechanism by which an injected high-frequency signal can quench undesired oscillations in closed-loop systems of interacting neurons in the brain.
Early Cortical Connective Network Relating to Audiovisual Stimulation by Partial Directed Coherence Analysis

Cross-modal sensory integration between the auditory and visual systems has long been a topic of interest in cognitive neuroscience, but spatiotemporal cortical interdependence under audiovisual stimulation is still poorly understood. In this letter, parametric spectral analysis, specifically partial directed coherence (PDC), is used to study the cortical connective causal-interdependence network under audiovisual cognitive processes within the time window of the N1 component, i.e., 96-145 ms poststimulus in the event-related potential (ERP). A total of 13 subjects (age: 22.9 plusmn 0.8 years; male/female = 9/4) performed an audiovisual recognition task. Multichannel EEG signals were analyzed using an adaptive multivariate autoregressive model to identify causal influences between different cortical areas. Three different cortical connective networks were detected, and by comparing the cortical PDC network in the early cognitive process of audiovisual (VA) perception with that in unimodal situations (V or A), it was found that the left temporal cortex (TC) might be responsible for audiovisual integration. Such electrophysiological findings were highly consistent with previous functional neuroimaging results. Moreover, the results presented here show the dynamics of lateral causal influences during audiovisual integration.
The retrospectroscope: electrocorticography

Recording the electrical activity of the exposed brain, known as an electrocorticogram (ECoG), has had a long history. Multichannel recordings from the exposed brain cortex of conscious human patients as a diagnostic procedure to localize epileptic foci began in the early 1940s. Two centers, one at McGill University and the other at Harvard University launched this new field. Relatively unrecognized at that time were the severe requirements for recording microvolt signals in the electrically hostile environment of the operating room. Not only did the electrodes have to be electrically stable initially, but they had to be stable and noise-free after steam sterilization. In 1945, one of the authors (LAG) joined the staff of the Montreal Neurological institute and the Department of Electrical Engineering, both of McGill University, and became deeply involved with the development of ECoG equipment for permanent installation in Wilder Penfield's operating room. The design goal was that the ECoG and electrodes would function on command. Because it required less than one half hour to steam sterilize the electrodes, a surgical procedure could be scheduled at any time, providing the ECoG and electrodes would perform on command.
Fast Technique for Noninvasive Fetal ECG Extraction

This letter describes a fast and very simple algorithm for estimating the fetal electrocardiogram (FECG). It is based on independent component analysis, but we substitute its computationally demanding calculations for a much simpler procedure. The resulting method consists of two steps: 1) a dimensionality reduction step and 2) a computationally light postprocessing stage used to enhance the FECG signal.
Ethical concerns and dilemmas of Finnish and Dutch health professionals

Background: Healthcare professionals encounter ethical dilemmas and concerns in their practice. More research is needed to understand these ethical problems and to know how to educate professionals to respond to them. Research objective: To describe ethical dilemmas and concerns at work from the perspectives of Finnish and Dutch healthcare professionals studying at the master’s level. Research design: Exploratory, qualitative study that used the text of student online discussions of ethical dilemmas at work as data. Method: Participants’ online discussions were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Participants: The sample consisted of 49 students at master’s level enrolled in professional ethics courses at universities in Finland and the Netherlands. Ethical considerations: Permission for conducting the study was granted from both universities of applied sciences. All students provided their informed consent for the use of their assignments as research data. Findings: Participants described 51 problematic work situations. Among these, 16 were found to be ethical dilemmas, and the remaining were work issues with an ethical concern and did not meet criteria of a dilemma. The most common problems resulted from concerns about quality care, safety of healthcare professionals, patients’ rights, and working with too few staff and inadequate resources. Discussion: The results indicated that participants were concerned about providing quality of care and raised numerous questions about how to provide it in challenging situations. The results show that it was difficult for students to differentiate ethical dilemmas from other ethical work concerns. Conclusion: Online discussions among healthcare providers give them an opportunity to relate ethical principles to real ethical dilemmas and problems in their work as well as to critically analyze ethical issues. We found that discussions with descriptions of ethical dilemmas and concerns by health professionals provide important information and recommendations not only for education and practice but also for health policy.
Reducing complications associated with a deeply engaged head at caesarean section: a simple instrument

• There has been a disproportionate increase in caesarean section performed in the second stage of labour in the last few years. • Difficult delivery of the fetal head during caesarean section carries a higher risk of complications for both mother and baby. • The National Sentinel Caesarean Section Audit Report, published by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists recommends a consultant presence when caesarean section is performed at full dilatation.
Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of the ethical climate in paediatric cancer care

Background: How well ethical concerns are handled in healthcare is influenced by the ethical climate of the workplace, which in this study is described as workplace factors that contribute to healthcare professionals’ ability to identify and deal with ethical issues in order to provide the patient with ethically good care. Objectives: The overall aim of the study was to describe perceptions of the paediatric hospital ethical climate among healthcare professionals who treat/care for children with cancer. Research design: Data were collected using the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey developed by Olsson as a separate section in a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse perceptions of the ethical climate. Participants and research context: Physicians, nurses and nurse-aides (n = 89) from three paediatric units participated in this study: haematology/oncology, chronic diseases and neurology. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the regional ethical review board. Findings: Different perceptions of the ethical climate were rated as positive or negative/neutral. Nurses’ ratings were less positive than physicians on all items. One-third of the participants perceived that they were able to practice ethically good care as they believed it should be practised. Discussion: Differences in professional roles, involving more or less power and influence, might explain why physicians and nurses rated items differently. A positive perception of the possibility to practice ethically good care seems to be related to inter-professional trust and listening to guardians/parents. A negative/neutral perception of the possibility to practice ethically good care appears to be influenced by experiences of ethical conflicts as well as a lack of ethical support, for example, time for reflection and discussion. Conclusion: The two-thirds of participants who had a negative/neutral perception of the possibility to practice ethically good care are at risk of developing moral stress. Clinical ethics support needs to be implemented in care where important values are at stake.
Numerical Analysis of Effects of Measurement Errors on Ultrasonic-Measurement-Integrated Simulation

Ultrasonic-measurement-integrated (UMI) simulation, in which feedback signals are applied to the governing equations based on errors between ultrasonic measurement and numerical simulation, has been investigated for reproduction of the blood flow field. However, ultrasonic measurement data inherently include some errors. In this study, the effects of four major measurement errors, namely, errors due to Gaussian noise, aliasing, wall filter, and lack of data, on UMI simulation were examined by a numerical experiment dealing with the blood flow field in the descending aorta with an aneurysm, the same as in our previous study. While solving the governing equations in UMI simulation, Gaussian noise did not prevent the UMI simulation from effectively reproducing the blood flow field. In contrast, aliasing caused significant errors in UMI simulation. Effects of wall filter and lack of data appeared in diastole and in the whole period, respectively. By detecting significantly large feedback signals as a sign of aliasing and by not adding feedback signals where measured Doppler velocities were aliasing or zero, the computational accuracy substantially improved, alleviating the effects of measurement errors. Through these considerations, UMI simulation can provide accurate and detailed information on hemodynamics with suppression of four major measurement errors.
Selective Classification for Improved Robustness of Myoelectric Control Under Nonideal Conditions

Recent literature in pattern recognition-based myoelectric control has highlighted a disparity between classification accuracy and the usability of upper limb prostheses. This paper suggests that the conventionally defined classification accuracy may be idealistic and may not reflect true clinical performance. Herein, a novel myoelectric control system based on a selective multiclass one-versus-one classification scheme, capable of rejecting unknown data patterns, is introduced. This scheme is shown to outperform nine other popular classifiers when compared using conventional classification accuracy as well as a form of leave-one-out analysis that may be more representative of real prosthetic use. Additionally, the classification scheme allows for real-time, independent adjustment of individual class-pair boundaries making it flexible and intuitive for clinical use.
Measurement procedures for design and enforcement of harm claim thresholds

Harm claim thresholds (HCTs) are a promising approach for regulators to specify interference limits in a technology-neutral fashion, and a useful parameter spectrum access systems can use to manage the aggregate interference caused by transmitters they control. However, existing literature provides very little guidance how HCTs should be set and enforced. In this paper we propose a detailed regulatory framework for gathering and processing of measurement data for enforcing and setting harm claim thresholds. We introduce the central concepts of stratification and weighting of measurement data, and show their importance in ensuring representativeness of measurements and enabling robust estimation of statistical confidence on results. For deriving HCT thresholds from measurements, we propose additional representativeness criteria that a regulator should apply to avoid underestimation of field strength levels related to existing wireless services. We demonstrate application of our proposed framework using an extensive drive test data set, and show that the chosen HCT percentile is critical in determining how much data needs to be gathered for enforcement. We also discuss the various design choices and parameters needed by our framework, and show through examples how they can be derived in cooperation with the different stakeholders. The developed framework has several applications beyond HCT enforcement, some of which are briefly described in the paper.
The effect of nurses’ ethical leadership and ethical climate perceptions on job satisfaction

Background: The development of ethical leadership approaches plays an important role in achieving better patient care. Although studies that analyze the impact of ethical leadership on ethical climate and job satisfaction have gained importance in recent years, there is no study on ethical leadership and its relation to ethical climate and job satisfaction in our country. Objectives: This descriptive and cross-sectional study aimed to determine the effect of nurses’ ethical leadership and ethical climate perceptions on their job satisfaction. Methods: The study sample is composed of 285 nurses who agreed to participate in this research and who work at the internal, surgical, and intensive care units of a university hospital and a training and research hospital in İzmir, Turkey. Data were collected using Ethical Leadership Scale, Hospital Ethical Climate Scale, and Minnesota Satisfaction Scale. While the independent sample t-test, analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis test were used to analyze the data, the correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the scales. Ethical considerations: The study proposal was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University. Findings: The nurses’ mean scores were 59.05 ± 14.78 for the ethical leadership, 92.62 ± 17 for the ethical climate, and 62.15 ± 13.46 for the job satisfaction. The correlation between the nurses’ ethical leadership and ethical climate mean scores was moderately positive and statistically significant (r = +0.625, p = 0.000), was weak but statistically significant between their ethical leadership and job satisfaction mean scores (r = +0.461, p = 0.000), and was moderately positive and statistically significant between their ethical climate and job satisfaction mean scores (r = +0.603, p = 0.000). Conclusion: The nurses’ ethical leadership, ethical climate, and job satisfaction levels are moderate, and there is a positive relationship between them. The nurses’ perceptions of ethical leadership are influenced by their educational status, workplace, and length of service.
Department of Health Research Overviews – Past, Present and Future: An evaluation of the dissemination of the Blue Book, Child Protection: Messages from Research

Since 1985 the Department of Health has been providing child care research overviews as a means of bringing together the findings of its funded research programmes. With each successive publication a pattern of design and dissemination has emerged. This is illustrated by Child Protection: Messages from Research ( Department of Health 1995), an overview of 20 studies of child protection. It included an introductory essay, summaries of each project and a set of ‘True for Us’ exercises. Publication was followed by national seminars and widespread distribution of free copies. Given the substantial investment, it seems timely to assess the impact of the dissemination process in terms of reaching and affecting practice. The survey sought to assess awareness, use and opinions of the report from social services, education and health professionals. It consisted of questionnaires administered by post and telephone calls to a representative sample of 600 professionals working in child protection, 292 of whom replied. The results demonstrate that the book is very well known among most professionals working in child welfare, particularly in social services, and is perceived to have affected the practice of over half of the respondents. The study supports the structure adopted for the report but suggests further benefits in employing a variety of dissemination strategies for different professional groups. Finally, the paper discusses the relationship between overviews and evidence-based services.
Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease

Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease is important because it increases the chances of early treatment and may, in the future, enable pre-emptive and even preventative therapies. Groups at risk for Alzheimer’s disease include individuals with mild cognitive impairment, elderly people with subjective memory complaint, first-degree relatives of Alzheimer’s disease patients, people with Down’s syndrome and those who have had a serious traumatic brain injury. Populations with multiple cardiovascular risk factors and low educational attainment also appear to be more susceptible. Cognitive testing, neuroimaging and various blood and cerebrospinal fluid assays may help identify those individuals who are most at risk. At present, the only approved therapy for mild Alzheimer’s disease is the use of cholinesterase inhibitors, but additional therapeutic options for mild Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment, including proactive treatment strategies, are likely to be available in the future, making early.
Marine science. 'The Blob' invades Pacific, flummoxing climate experts.

Researchers are studying the drivers and impacts of a massive "blob" of warmer-than-usual water off the Pacific coast that has persisted since fall 2013.The water, 2000 km wide and 100 m deep, has affected ecosystems, changed weather inland, and altered ocean currents from Alaska to Mexico. The main culprits appear to be a massive low-pressure system that appeared in late 2013, though since then The Blob appears to be part of a warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, a set of phenomena that provided prolonged heating in the eastern Pacific every 4 to 20 years. Researchers have already blamed die-offs of migratory birds and sea lions on The Blob; concerns are now that salmon harvests this summer will be depressed as a result of the warm water.