Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supervised versus non-supervised exercise in patients with recent myocardial infarction: A propensity analysis

Background The influence of supervised versus non-supervised exercise training on outcome in patients with a recent myocardial infarction (MI) is controversial. Design Longitudinal observational study. Methods FRENA is an ongoing registry of stable outpatients with symptomatic coronary, cerebrovascular or peripheral artery disease. We compared the rate of subsequent ischaemic events (MI, ischaemic stroke or lower limb amputation) and the mortality rate in patients with recent MI, according to the use of supervised versus non-supervised exercise training. The influence of physical activity on outcomes was estimated by using propensity score method in multivariate analysis. Results As of February 2014, 1124 outpatients with recent MI were recruited, of whom 593 (53%) participated in a supervised exercise training programme. Over a mean follow-up of 15 months, 25 patients (3.3%) developed 26 subsequent ischaemic events – 24 MI, one stroke, one lower-limb amputation – and 12 (1.6%) died. The mortality rate (0.15 vs. 2.89 deaths per 100 patient-years; rate ratio = 0.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.39) was significantly lower in supervised exercise than in non-supervised exercise patients. On propensity score analysis, the rate of the composite outcome was significantly lower in supervised exercise patients (1.80 vs. 6.51 events per 100 patient-years; rate ratio = 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.12–0.64). Conclusions The use of supervised exercise training in patients with recent MI was associated with a significant decrease in the composite outcome of subsequent ischaemic events and death.
Influence of Small Weight Percentages of Bi and Systematic Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Variations on Sn Whiskering

In Part A of this paper, we have investigated how small, controlled amounts of Bi influence Sn whiskering. Three custom Sn–Bi sputter targets of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% Bi (by weight) were used to generate <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 2000$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Å Sn films on Si substrates. The samples were incubated at room temperature (RT) followed by thermal cycling (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$- 40 < T < 125^{\circ }\text{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) to accelerate whisker growth. The control group was not thermal cycled. Whisker densities dramatically dropped to zero as the concentration of Bi increased to 2.0% for the RT specimens (100-day incubation). However, subsequent thermal cycling turned ON whisker growth (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 25$ </tex-math></inline-formula>000 whiskers/cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\mathrm {\mathbf {2}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) in all the three Bi% cases. Thus, Bi additions suppress whiskering during RT incubation, but the same films readily grow whiskers during thermal cycling. In Part B, a systematic range of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) variations between the substrate and Sn (pure, i.e., no Bi or Pb) were investigated to determine the effect on whisker growth. CTEs close in value to Sn (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0 < {\%}\Delta \text {CTE} < 25$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) were Al, Ag, and brass; intermediate in value to Sn (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$25 < {\%}\Delta \text {CTE} < 75$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) were Zn, Ni, and Ta; and far in value to Sn (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$75 < {\%}\Delta \text {CTE} < 100$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) were semiconductors Si, GaAs, and InP. A thickness of 0.5 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of sputtered Sn was deposited on each coupon. The thermal cycling range was −40 °C to 125 °C, with 2-h ramps and 4-h dwells, for a total of 12 h per cycle. A second, comparative set of specimens underwent isothermal annealing at 100 °C. All the samples were incubated for 37 days (74 cycles) before observation. The results show that samples with a %<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \text {CTE} >75$ </tex-math></inline-formula>% had drastically higher whisker densities (when cycled) compared to those with %<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \text {CTE} <75$ </tex-math></inline-formula>%. There appears to be a critical activation (or nucleation) threshold CTE mismatch that “turns ON” whisker growth when using semiconductors as substrates.
Significance of CD163-Positive Macrophages in Proliferative Glomerulonephritis

Background:CD163, a marker of M2 macrophages, possesses anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to investigate the clinicopathological significance of CD163-positive macrophages in proliferative glomerulonephritis. Methods:Renal tissue samples from patients with lupus nephritis (LN, n = 22), antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis (PNGN, n = 10), type 1 membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (n = 5), minimal change disease (n = 8) and normal control kidneys (n = 3) were included in this study. The expression of CD163, CD68, CD20 and CD3 in renal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence. The level of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:CD163 was mainly expressed in active crescentic glomerulonephritis, proliferative glomerular lesions and areas of tubulointerstitial injury. Patients with LN-IV and PNGN had numerous CD163-positive cells in glomerular and acute tubulointerstitial lesions. CD163-positive cells in glomeruli positively correlated to proteinuria yet negatively correlated to estimated glomerular filtration rate. There was a positive correlation between the number of CD163 cells in acute tubulointerstitial lesions and NGAL levels, whereas a negative correlation between CD163 numbers and estimated glomerular filtration rate. The number of CD163-positive cells in crescentic glomerulonephritis was more than other groups. In LN, the number of CD163 cells in the tubulointerstitial and glomerular lesions had a positive correlation with activity index. Dual staining showed that CD163-positive cells also expressed CD68, although they did not show any staining for CD20 or CD3. Conclusions:CD163-positive macrophages were involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative glomerular lesions, active crescentic glomerulonephritis and acute tubular injury of patients with PNGN and active LN.
Alterations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in carcinoma in situ of the testis

Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is regarded as the precursor of all histologic variants of testicular germ cell tumors except spermatocytic seminoma. For a variety of human malignancies, alterations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene have been identified as prognostic factors for a poor clinical course. Discussions of the occurrence of p53 gene alterations in testicular carcinoma have been controversial. Immunohistochemical detection of the p53 oncoprotein has been reported in four of eight CIS cell areas adjacent to mature teratoma. The majority of investigations have failed to demonstrate p53 gene alterations on the DNA level in testicular carcinoma specimens. However, the genetic analysis of testicular carcinoma is complicated by the histologic variety of tumors, resulting in a mixture of subtypes undergoing moleculargenetic analysis. In the present study, CIS cells identified in normal testicular tissue adjacent to different testicular tumors were examined for alterations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. The authors believed that the detection of p53 alterations in CIS of the testis would not only support the idea of malignant potential in CIS but might also demonstrate the involvement of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in the development of germ cell cancers.
Variations in Seasonal Outbound Travel across the Business Cycles

This article analyses for the first time the asymmetric behavior in tourism demand by season across the business cycles based on time series and contributes herewith to a clear understanding of cyclical irregularities in tourism demand. For that reason, we study the outbound expenditures of four source markets per quarter, each understood as its own time series. In this new approach, we apply four types of demand functions showing distinct relationships only for the first, second, third, and fourth quarters. The results revealed strong evidence of asymmetric income elasticities in tourism demand by season across the business cycles. We emphasize coherently that the integration of psychological factors such as loss aversion and other quality-of-life aspects as well as economic factors like liquidity constraints, reluctant lending behavior of banks, precautionary saving, changing household behavior, and financial innovations delivers a new framework to explain asymmetric behavior in tourism demand.
Chest compression duration influences outcome between integrated load‐distributing band and manual CPR during cardiac arrest

The Circulation Improving Resuscitation Care (CIRC) Trial found equivalent survival in adult out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients who received integrated load‐distributing band CPR (iA‐CPR) compared to manual CPR (M‐CPR). We hypothesized that as chest compression duration increased, iA‐CPR provided a survival benefit when compared to M‐CPR.
Effect of 17- (cid:1) -Ethynylestradiol on Activities of Cytochrome P450 2B (P450 2B) Enzymes: Characterization of Inactivation of P450s 2B1 and 2B6 and Identification of Metabolites

17- (cid:1) -Ethynylestradiol (17EE) inactivated purified, reconstituted rat hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450) 2B1 and human P450 2B6 in a mechanism-based manner. Little or no inactivation was observed when P450s 2B2 or 2B4 were incubated with 17EE. The inactivation of P450s 2B1 and 2B6 was entirely dependent on both NADPH and 17EE and followed pseudo-first order kinetics. The maximal rate constants for the inactivation of P450s 2B1 and 2B6 at 30°C were 0.2 and 0.03 min (cid:1) 1 , respec-tively. For P450s 2B1 and 2B6 the apparent K I was 11 and 0.8 (cid:2) M, respectively. Incubation of P450 2B1 with 17EE and NADPH for 20 min resulted in a 75% loss in enzymatic activity and a concurrent 20 to 25% loss of the enzyme’s ability to form a reduced CO complex. With P450 2B6, an 83% loss in enzymatic activity an d a 5 to 10%loss in the CO reduced spectrum were observed. The extrapolated partition ratios for 17EE with P450 2B1 and 2B6 were 21 and 13, respectively. Simultaneous incubation of an alternate substrate together with 17EE pro-tected both enzymes from inactivation. A 1.3:1 stoichiometry of labeling for binding of the radiolabeled 17EE to P450 2B1 and 2B6 was seen. These results indicate that 17EE inactivates P450s 2B1 and 2B6 in a mechanism-based manner, primarily by the binding of a reactive intermediate of 17EE to the apo- protein. Analysis of the 17EE metabolites showed that 2B enzymes that become inactivated differ primarily by their ability to generate two metabolites that were not produced by P450s 2B2 or 2B4.
Effects of fumonisin-containing culture material on pulmonary clearance in swine.

OBJECTIVE To determine the potential effects of feeding tumonisin-containing culture material on the pulmonary clearance of blood-borne particulates and bacteria in swine. ANIMALS 21 healthy male pigs randomly assigned to control and treated groups. PROCEDURE Control pigs were fed a standard grower ration while culture material containing fumonisins (20 mg of hydrolyzed fumonisin B1/kg of body weight/d) was added to the feed of treated pigs for 7 days. On day 8, pigs were anesthetized with halothane and catheterized, using a sterile cut-down procedure. 18 hours after recovery from anesthesia, Monastral Blue or Pseudomonas aeruginosa was infused into the right atrium of treated and control pigs for 30 minutes and pulmonary clearance was determined. RESULTS Pigs that were fed fumonisin-containing culture material had a significantly (P < 0.05) decreased ability to clear Monastral Blue and P aeruginosa. Ultrastructural examination of the lung indicated that uptake of copper pigment by pulmonary intravascular macrophages was decreased in treated pigs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Fumonisins, even when fed to pigs at sub-lethal concentrations, can inhibit pulmonary intravascular macrophages from removing particulate matter and bacteria from the circulation, thus potentially predisposing swine to infectious disease.
Wage Growth in the Euro Area: Where Do We Stand?

One of the key questions about the current economic recovery in the euro area is why the decline in unemployment recorded since the second half of 2013 has been accompanied by subdued growth in nominal wages. In this paper we adopt a Phillips curve framework to assess whether alternative indicators of labour market slack can explain the current modest wage dynamics in the euro area and in its five largest economies. Our results suggest that the intensive margin of labour utilization plays a relevant role in wage growth: our estimates indicate that the shape of the Phillips curve becomes flatter for lower levels of hours per worker, implying that wage growth is less responsive to unemployment. Looking ahead, a significant recovery in the intensive margin appears key to achieve a robust increase in nominal wage growth.
Temperature Shocks and Welfare Costs

This paper examines the welfare implications of rising temperatures. Using a standard VAR, we empirically show that a temperature shock has a sizable, negative and statistically significant impact on TFP, output, and labor productivity. We rationalize these findings within a production economy featuring long-run temperature risk. In the model, macro-aggregates drop in response to a temperature shock, consistent with the novel evidence in the data. Such adverse effects are long-lasting. Over a 50-year horizon, a one-standard deviation temperature shock lowers both cumulative output and labor productivity growth by 1.4 percentage points. Based on the model, we also show that temperature risk is associated with non-negligible welfare costs which amount to 18.4% of the agent’s lifetime utility and grow exponentially with the size of the impact of temperature on TFP. Finally, we show that faster adaptation to temperature shocks results in lower welfare costs. These welfare benefits become substantially higher in the presence of permanent improvements in the speed of adaptation.
Role of neonatal hyperleptinaemia on serum adiponectin and suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 expression in young rats

Previously we had shown that neonatal leptin treatment programmes for both hyperleptinaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, which lead to leptin resistance and low expression of the hypothalamic leptin receptor (OB-Rb) of rats aged 150 d. Here we investigated in young post-weaned rats (age 30 d) if leptin treatment during lactation induces leptin and insulin resistance and if those changes are accompanied by changes in the suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 (SOCS-3) expression and serum adiponectin concentration. After delivery, the pups were divided into two groups: (1) a leptin group (Lep) that were injected with leptin daily (8 μg/100 g body weight subcutaneously) for the first 10 d of lactation; (2) a control (C) group, receiving saline. After weaning (day 21), body weight was monitored until the animals were age 30 d. They were tested for food intake in response to either leptin (0·5 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally) (CL, LepL) or saline (CSal, LepSal) when they were aged 30 d. The CL group showed lower food intake, but no response was observed in the LepL group, suggesting leptin resistance. The Lep group had hyperleptinaemia (five-fold), hyperinsulinaemia (+42·5 %) and lower levels of serum adiponectin ( − 43·2 %). The hypothalamic expression of OB-Rb was lower ( − 22 %) and SOCS-3 was higher (+52·8 %) in the Lep group. We conclude that neonatal leptin treatment programmes for leptin resistance as soon as 30 d and suggests that SOCS-3 appears to be of particular importance in this event. In the Lep group, the lower serum adiponectin levels were accompanied by higher serum insulin, indicating a probable insulin resistance.
Minimal Influence of [NiFe] Hydrogenase on Hydrogen Isotope Fractionation in H2-Oxidizing Cupriavidus necator

Fatty acids produced by H2-metabolizing bacteria are sometimes observed to be more D-depleted than those of photoautotrophic organisms, a trait that has been suggested as diagnostic for chemoautotrophic bacteria. The biochemical reasons for such a depletion are not known, but are often assumed to involve the strong D-depletion of H2. Here, we cultivated the bacterium Cupriavidus necator H16 (formerly Ralstonia eutropha H16) under aerobic, H2-consuming, chemoautotrophic conditions and measured the isotopic compositions of its fatty acids. In parallel with the wild type, two mutants of this strain, each lacking one of two key hydrogenase enzymes, were also grown and measured. In all three strains, fractionations between fatty acids and water ranged from -173‰ to -235‰, and averaged -217‰, -196‰, and -226‰, respectively, for the wild type, SH- mutant, and MBH- mutant. There was a modest increase in δD as a result of loss of the soluble hydrogenase enzyme. Fractionation curves for all three strains were constructed by growing parallel cultures in waters with δDwater values of approximately -25‰, 520‰, and 1100‰. These curves indicate that at least 90% of the hydrogen in fatty acids is derived from water, not H2. Published details of the biochemistry of the soluble and membrane-bound hydrogenases confirm that these enzymes transfer electrons rather than intact hydride (H-) ions, providing no direct mechanism to connect the isotopic composition of H2 to that of lipids. Multiple lines of evidence thus agree that in this organism, and presumably others like it, environmental H2 plays little or no direct role in controlling lipid δD values. The observed fractionations must instead result from isotope effects in the reduction of NAD(P)H by reductases with flavin prosthetic groups, which transfer two electrons and acquire H+ (or D+) from solution. Parallels to NADPH reduction in photosynthesis may explain why D/H fractionations in C. necator are nearly identical to those in many photoautotrophic algae and bacteria. We conclude that strong D-depletion is not a diagnostic feature of chemoautotrophy.
Central corneal thickness of Caucasians and African Americans in glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous populations.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is a difference in central corneal thickness between African American and Caucasian patients. If present, a difference might alter the measurement of intraocular pressure and potentially the assessment and management of glaucoma in these populations. METHODS Central corneal thickness was measured by means of ultrasound pachymetry in African American (n = 56) and Caucasian (n = 32) patients with suspected or confirmed glaucoma and control populations of African American (n = 26) and Caucasian (n = 51) subjects in whom there was no evidence of elevated intraocular pressure or glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Measurements of central corneal thickness were then compared between different subpopulations by means and population distribution analysis. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was noted between the mean (+/-SD) central corneal thickness of all African American (including those with and without glaucoma) (right eye, 531.0 +/- 36.3 microm; left eye, 530.0 +/- 34.6 microm) and all Caucasian (including those with and without glaucoma) (right eye, 558.0 +/- 34.5 microm; left eye, 557.6 +/- 34.5 microm) patients. Similar results were found when subpopulations were tested. Distribution analysis of central corneal thickness measurements noted the largest cluster of African American patients around 520 to 540 microm, whereas the largest cluster of Caucasian patients was between 580 and 600 microm. CONCLUSIONS African Americans were found to have thinner central cornea thickness measurements than Caucasians. This finding in African Americans may lead to lower applanation intraocular pressure readings compared with those of Caucasians, potentially resulting in an underestimation of the actual level of intraocular pressure.
Currency carry trade and the cost of international reserves in Mexico

National strategies aimed at boosting economic growth following the global financial crisis have spawned monetary imbalances between industrial and emerging economies. By implementing ultra-expansionary monetary policies, the industrial economies drive down interest rates, while the emerging economies tighten their monetary policies by raising rates, thus generating a burgeoning foreign-currency carry trade. Vulnerability is caused by the sudden reversal of such capital flows or the high cost of insuring against this by accumulating reserves. This paper estimates that the cost of reserve accumulation between 2008 and 2014 averaged 1.83% of GDP, so the free capital mobility espoused by the Mexican authorities makes it very costly to play by the rules of financial globalization.
The complex challenge of spectator demand: attendance drivers in the Danish men’s handball league

ABSTRACT Research question: A growing number of studies of professional team sports have tried to understand the drivers behind match-day attendance. However, no research has ever been conducted in relation to team handball. As existing literature mainly focuses on European football and US Major League sports, club managers from smaller sports lack the evidence that could assist them in developing strategies to increase attendance. This study is a step toward filling this gap. Research methods: Using robust panel data regression models deployed on data from Danish men’s team handball league matches in the seasons from 2011/12 to 2015/16, the study identifies the main determinants of spectator demand. Results and findings: The findings are largely consistent with existing research, but also reveal new insights that seem to be specific to handball. These include (1) negative effects on spectator demand due to simultaneous live television coverage of other league matches; (2) no obvious preferences for weekend matches and (3) weather-related factors, whereby rain has a positive effect and snow a negative effect, while variations in temperature have no effect. Implications: To maximize spectator attendance, we suggest that league managers and club representatives take the problem of simultaneous broadcasts from other league matches into consideration when planning the schedule in the future. Further, we argue that games should be placed in the time slots with highest spectator demand while recognizing that this can be club-specific. Finally, we recommend that clubs increase their efforts in promoting games involving strong away teams.