Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term Soccer-specific Training Enhances the Rate of Physical Development of Academy Soccer Players Independent of Maturation Status

Abstract The aim of the study was to compare 3-year changes in physical performance between junior soccer players selected for an elite academy and age-matched controls. The 3-year changes in indicators of the physical performance were quantified in 12–16-year-old Premier League Academy (n=27) and non-academy soccer players (n=18). Data were analysed with an age-group×competitive level general linear model, covariate-adjusted for initial performance level and change in maturation. Covariate adjusted mean±SD changes were greater (standardised effect size>0.7) for the academy players in terms of countermovement jump (7.3±2.6 vs. 5.4±2.5 cm), 10 m sprint (− 0.15±0.05 vs. − 0.10±0.04 s), 20 m sprint (− 0.30±0.16 s vs. − 0.15±0.13 s), agility (− 0.19±0.01 s vs. − 0.08±0.08 s), repeated sprint (− 0.60±0.26 s vs. − 0.41±2.1 s) and intermittent endurance capacity (1 128±406 vs. 315±370 m). These data indicate that a 3-year programme of training in an elite soccer academy is associated with greater changes in physical performance indicators independently from the initial performance level of the child and change in maturation over the same period of time.
Leg Swelling during Continuous Standing and Sitting Work without Restricting Leg Movement

Leg Swelling during Continuous Standing and Sitting Work without Restricting Leg Movement: Akihiko Seo, et al. Department of Public Health, Hiroshima University School of Medicine—To clarify the dynamics of leg swelling during standing and sitting work without restricting leg movement, lower leg swelling and subjective complaints were measured during work under three working conditions: Straight standing, buttock chair sitting and ordinary chair sitting. Twelve subjects (eight males and four females) were assigned jigsaw puzzles as a task for an hour. The lower leg swelling and subjective complaints were recorded every two minutes. The lower leg swelling was measured by the bioelectrical impedance method. The results were as follows: (1) The lower leg swelling increased during the work under all working conditions. The swelling was least for straight standing and greatest for ordinary chair sitting. The mean and standard deviations for leg swelling after one hour's work were 5.8±3.9% for straight standing, 8.2±4.7% for buttock chair sitting and 9.7 + 7.5% for ordinary chair sitting. (2) The subjective complaints also increased during work. Complaining of lower leg dullness was least for ordinary chair sitting and greatest for straight standing. The relation to the leg swelling was reversed. Complaining of low back pain was more common for buttock chair sitting than for other working postures. It is reasonable that prolonged standing is more likely to cause leg swelling than sitting because of high hydrostatic pressure. This theory has been supported by studies on motionless standing and sitting. Our results obtained without restricting leg movement, however, showed a reversed relation. It was considered that leg swelling factors such as low muscle activity and lymph pumps, low interstitial pressure brought on by low muscle activity, and the seat pressure during prolonged sitting may be dominant in the sitting posture although the hydrostatic pressure was low compared with the standing posture.
Using Laboratory Information Management Systems as central part of a proteomics data workflow

The organization and storage of proteomics data are challenging issues today and even more for the rising amount of information in the future. This review article describes the advantages of using Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) in proteomics laboratories. Seven typical LIMS are explored in detail to describe their role in an even bigger interrelation. They are a central part of the proteomics data workflow, starting with data generation and ending with the publication in journals and repositories. Therefore, they enable community‐wide data utilization and further Systems Biology discoveries.
A proteomic approach to the bilirubin‐induced toxicity in neuronal cells reveals a protective function of DJ‐1 protein

Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) is a powerful antioxidant and a modulator of cell growth through the interaction with several signal transduction pathways. Although newborns develop a physiological jaundice, in case of severe hyperbilirubinemia UCB may become neurotoxic causing severe long‐term neuronal damages, also known as bilirubin encephalopathy. To investigate the mechanisms of UCB‐induced neuronal toxicity, we used the human neuroblastoma cell line SH‐SY5Y as an in vitro model system. We verified that UCB caused cell death, in part due to oxidative stress, which leads to DNA damage and cell growth reduction. The mechanisms of cytotoxicity and cell adaptation to UCB were studied through a proteomic approach that identified differentially expressed proteins involved in cell proliferation, intracellular trafficking, protein degradation and oxidative stress response. In particular, the results indicated that cells exposed to UCB undertake an adaptive response that involves DJ‐1, a multifunctional neuroprotective protein, crucial for cellular oxidative stress homeostasis. This study sheds light on the mechanisms of bilirubin‐induced neurotoxicity and might help to design a strategy to prevent or ameliorate the neuronal damages leading to bilirubin encephalopathy.
Treatment and Outcome of Patients with Skull Base Chordoma: A Meta-analysis

Abstract Objective Chordoma is a locally aggressive tumor. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of different surgical approaches and adjuvant radiation modalities used to treat these patients. Design Meta-analysis. Main Outcome Measures Overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Results The 5-year OS and PFS rates of the whole cohort (n = 467) were 86% and 65.7%, respectively. The 5-year DSS for patients who underwent open surgery and endoscopic surgery was 45% and 49%, respectively (p = 0.8); PFS was 94% and 79%, respectively (p = 0.11). The 5-year OS of patients treated with surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy was 90% compared with 70% of those treated by surgery alone (p = 0.24). Patients undergoing partial resection without adjuvant radiotherapy had a 5-year OS of 41% and a DSS of 45%, significantly lower than in the total-resection group (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.01, respectively). The complication rates were similar in the open and endoscopic groups. Conclusions Patients undergoing total resection have the best outcome; adjuvant radiation therapy improves the survival of patients undergoing partial resection. In view of the advantages of minimally invasive techniques, endoscopic surgery appears an appropriate surgical approach for this disease.
Two fac-tricarbonylrhenium(I) azadipyrromethene (ADPM) complexes: ligand-substitution effect on crystal structure.

The crystal structures of fac-(acetonitrile-κN)(2-{[3,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene-κN(1)]amino}-3,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-ido-κN(1))tricarbonylrhenium(I)-hexane-acetonitrile (2/1/2), [Re(C36H30N3O4)(CH3CN)(CO)3]·0.5C6H14·CH3CN, (2), and fac-(2-{[3,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene-κN(1)]amino}-3,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-ido-κN(1))tricarbonyl(dimethyl sulfoxide-κO)rhenium(I), [Re(C36H30N3O4)(C2H6OS)(CO)3], (3), at 150 K are reported. Both complexes display a distorted octahedral geometry, with a fac-Re(CO)3 arrangement and one azadipyrromethene (ADPM) chelating ligand in the equatorial position. One solvent molecule completes the coordination sphere of the Re(I) centre in the remaining axial position. The ADPM ligand shows high flexibility upon coordination, while retaining its π-delocalized nature. Bond length and angle analyses indicate that the differences in the geometry around the Re(I) centre in (2) and (3), and those found in three reported fac-Re(CO)3-ADPM complexes, are dictated mainly by steric factors and crystal packing. Both structures display intramolecular C-H.N hydrogen bonding. Intermolecular interactions of the Csp(2)-H. π and Csp(2)-H.O(carbonyl) types link the discrete monomers into extended chains.
A gluing theorem for negatively curved complexes

A simplicial complex is called negatively curved if all its simplices are isometric to simplices in hyperbolic space, and it satisfies Gromov's Link Condition. We prove that, subject to certain conditions, a compact graph of spaces whose vertex spaces are negatively curved 2‐complexes, and whose edge spaces are points or circles, is negatively curved. As a consequence, we deduce that certain groups are CAT(-1) . These include hyperbolic limit groups, and hyperbolic groups whose JSJ components are fundamental groups of negatively curved 2‐complexes, for example, finite graphs of free groups with cyclic edge groups.
On the variance of sums of arithmetic functions over primes in short intervals and pair correlation for L‐functions in the Selberg class

We establish the equivalence of conjectures concerning the pair correlation of zeros of L ‐functions in the Selberg class and the variances of sums of a related class of arithmetic functions over primes in short intervals. This extends the results of Goldston and Montgomery [‘Pair correlation of zeros and primes in short intervals’, Analytic number theory and Diophantine problems (Stillwater, 1984), Progress in Mathematics 70 (1987) 183–203] and Montgomery and Soundararajan [‘Primes in short intervals’, Comm. Math. Phys. 252 (2004) 589–617] for the Riemann zeta‐function to other L ‐functions in the Selberg class. Our approach is based on the statistics of the zeros because the analogue of the Hardy–Littlewood conjecture for the auto‐correlation of the arithmetic functions we consider is not available in general. One of our main findings is that the variances of sums of these arithmetic functions over primes in short intervals have a different form when the degree of the associated L ‐functions is 2 or higher to that which holds when the degree is 1 (for example, the Riemann zeta‐function). Specifically, when the degree is 2 or higher, there are two regimes in which the variances take qualitatively different forms, whilst in the degree‐1 case there is a single regime.
Effect of antioxidants on histamine receptor activation and sustained postexercise vasodilatation in humans

What is the central question of this study? Is exercise‐induced oxidative stress the upstream exercise‐related signalling mechanism that leads to sustained postexercise vasodilatation via activation of H1 and H2 histamine receptors? What is the main finding and its importance? Systemic administration of the antioxidant ascorbate inhibits sustained postexercise vasodilatation to the same extent as seen previously with H1 and H2 histamine receptor blockade following small muscle‐mass exercise. However, ascorbate has a unique ability to catalyse the degradation of histamine. We also found that systemic infusion of the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine had no effect on sustained postexercise vasodilatation, suggesting that exercise‐induced oxidative stress does not contribute to sustained postexercise vasodilatation.
Structure and spectroscopic properties of the dimeric copper(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complex [Cu₂(CNC(t-Bu))₂](PF₆)₂.

In recent years, the use of copper N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes has expanded to fields besides catalysis, namely medicinal chemistry and luminescence applications. In the latter case, multinuclear copper NHC compounds have attracted interest, however, the number of these complexes in the literature is still quite limited. Bis[μ-1,3-bis(3-tert-butylimidazolin-2-yliden-1-yl)pyridine]-1κ(4)C(2),N:N,C(2');2κ(4)C(2),N:N,C(2')-dicopper(I) bis(hexafluoridophosphate), [Cu2(C19H25N5)2](PF6)2, is a dimeric copper(I) complex bridged by two CNC, i.e. bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)pyridine, ligands. Each Cu(I) atom is almost linearly coordinated by two NHC ligands and interactions are observed between the pyridine N atoms and the metal centres, while no cuprophilic interactions were observed. Very strong absorption bands are evident in the UV-Vis spectrum at 236 and 274 nm, and an emission band is observed at 450 nm. The reported complex is a new example of a multinuclear copper NHC complex and a member of a compound class which has only rarely been reported.
Professionals' Views on Child Sexual Abuse Attrition Rates

Child sexual abuse cases often do not result in convictions; this attrition is due to factors inside and outside the control of the justice system. The aims of the current study were to: (1) establish the most important factors in contributing to the attrition of child sexual abuse; and (2) suggest ways to reduce the attrition associated with these factors. This study focused on system improvements to determine where efforts should be prioritised. The research approach consisted of in-depth interviews with 31 professionals from various disciplines (including police, judges, child welfare officers, doctors and psychologists). The interviewees represented a diverse group of professionals offering unique perspectives. Thematic analysis revealed five broad areas requiring focus for improvement and further reform: greater specialisation, facilitating the accessibility of services, making the trial process more user-friendly, overcoming misinformed beliefs and adequate representation of child sexual abuse. These areas, along with professionals’ practical recommendations, are discussed.
Upregulation of plasma C9 protein in gastric cancer patients

Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Current biomarkers used in the clinic do not have sufficient sensitivity for gastric cancer detection. To discover new and better biomarkers, protein profiling on plasma samples from 25 normal, 15 early‐stage and 21 late‐stage cancer was performed using an iTRAQ‐LC‐MS/MS approach. The level of C9 protein was found to be significantly higher in gastric cancer compared with normal subjects. Immunoblotting data revealed a congruent trend with iTRAQ results. The discriminatory power of C9 between normal and cancer states was not due to inter‐patient variations and was independent from gastritis and Helicobacter pylori status of the patients. C9 overexpression could also be detected in a panel of gastric cancer cell lines and their conditioned media compared with normal cells, implying that higher C9 levels in plasma of cancer patients could be attributed to the presence of gastric tumor. A subsequent blind test study on a total of 119 plasma samples showed that the sensitivity of C9 could be as high as 90% at a specificity of 74%. Hence, C9 is a potentially useful biomarker for gastric cancer detection.
What turns off the angiogenic switch in skeletal muscle?

Exercise is a potent stimulator of angiogenesis in skeletal muscle; a few weeks of aerobic exercise training can increase capillarization by 10–30% in sedentary individuals, and after years of progressive endurance training capillarization can reach levels that are over 200% higher in the trained than in untrained skeletal muscle. The present Connections article discusses the physiological signals behind capillary growth and the time course of angiogenesis (Rivilis et al. 2002; Olenich et al. 2013) and specifically addresses the observation that capillary growth plateaus after only a few weeks of training in a previously sedentary individual, despite continued training and increased pro-angiogenic physiological stimuli (Hoier et al. 2013).
Possible mechanism by which renal sympathetic denervation improves left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction

What is the central question of this study? The enzyme system that is responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover is the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which can be blocked by the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). Whether renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) is able to ameliorate post‐myocardial infarction left ventricular remodelling through attenuation of ECM via regulation of MMP activity and/or the MMP–TIMP complex remains unknown. What is the main finding and its importance? Renal sympathetic denervation has therapeutic effects on post‐myocardial infarction left ventricular remodelling, probably by attenuating the ECM through regulation of the MMP9–TIMP1 complex in the transforming growth factor‐β1 (a profibrotic cytokine that accelerates ECM remodelling after ischaemia) signalling pathway.
Subthreshold vagal stimulation suppresses ventricular arrhythmia and inflammatory response in a canine model of acute cardiac ischaemia and reperfusion

What is the central question of this study? Vagal stimulation (VS) with heart rate reduction has been performed to protect against ventricular arrhythmias for several decades. Recent studies show that subthreshold VS (SVS) suppresses atrial arrhythmias in both canine models and humans. However, it is unknown whether SVS could decrease ventricular arrhythmia during ischaemia and reperfusion. What is the main finding and its importance? Our results show that SVS without heart rate reduction is also capable of suppressing ventricular arrhythmia and inflammatory responses in a canine model of ischaemia and reperfusion. These findings suggest that SVS may serve as a novel therapeutic modality to treat ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Interaction between left ventricular twist mechanics and arterial haemodynamics during localised, non‐metabolic hyperaemia with and without blood flow restriction

What is the central question of this study? Left ventricular (LV) twist is reduced when afterload is increased, but the meaning of this specific heart muscle response and its impact on cardiac output are not well understood. What is the main finding and its importance? This study shows that LV twist responds even when arterial haemodynamics are altered only locally, and without apparent change in metabolic (i.e. heat‐induced) demand. The concurrent decline in cardiac output and LV twist during partial arterial occlusion despite the increased peripheral demand caused by heat stress suggests that LV twist may be involved in the protective sensing of heart muscle stress that can override the provision of the required cardiac output.
A Prospective Evaluation of Community Acquired Gastroenteritis in Paediatric Practices: Impact and Disease Burden of Rotavirus Infection

group registered with the participating pediatricians, during the 6-month period from December 1997 through May 1998. One hundred seventy-one children (2.4%) of the children in this cohort presented to these pediatricians with community acquired gastroenteritis. Two stool specimens were obtained by the parents or pediatricians within 7 days of the onset of symptoms, and the presence of rotavirus investigated with ELISA (reported 95% sensitivity and 90% specificity.) At each gastroenteritis episode, a
Core needle versus standard needle for endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy of solid pancreatic masses: a randomized crossover study

Background and study aims: A new core biopsy needle for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided sampling has recently been developed. The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to compare this needle with a standard needle in patients with solid pancreatic masses. Patients and methods: Consecutive patients with solid pancreatic masses referred to 17 centers for EUS-guided sampling were included. Each patient had two passes with a standard 22G needle and a single pass with a 22G core needle performed in a randomized order. Samples from both needles were separately processed for liquid-based cytology and cell-block preparation and were assessed independently by two blinded expert pathologists. The primary endpoint was the accuracy of the detection of malignancy. The reference standard was based on further cytohistological analysis obtained under ultrasound or computed tomography scanning, endoscopic or surgical guidance, and/or by clinical follow-up with repeated imaging examinations for at least 12 months. The secondary endpoints were the rate of technical failure and the quality of the cytohistological samples obtained. Results: Of the 80 patients included (49 men; mean age 67.1 ± 11.1), 87.5 % had final malignant diagnoses (adenocarcinoma n = 62, 77.5 %). There was no difference between the needles in diagnostic accuracy (standard needle 92.5 % vs. core needle 90 %; P = 0.68) or technical failure. Both pathologists found the overall sample quality significantly better for the standard needle (expert 1, P = 0.009; expert 2, P = 0.002). Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of EUS sampling for solid pancreatic masses using standard and core needles seems comparable but with a better overall histological sample quality for the former. ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT01479803.
Influence of prior hyperventilation duration on respiratory chemosensitivity and cerebrovascular reactivity during modified hyperoxic rebreathing

What is the central question of this study? We characterized and compared the cardiorespiratory and cerebrovascular responses to the ‘Duffin’ modified hyperoxic CO2 rebreathing test by randomly altering the prior hyperventilation duration. What is the main finding and its importance? Our main finding was that prior hyperventilation duration (1, 3 or 5 min) had no effect on cardiorespiratory and cerebrovascular responses to the hyperoxic rebreathing test, within individuals. These findings suggest that the standard 5 min prior hyperventilation duration used to clear body CO2 stores is unnecessary and can reasonably be shortened to 1 min, reducing protocol times and improving participant comfort.
Identification and characterization of human leukocyte antigen class I ligands in renal cell carcinoma cells

The presentation of tumor antigen‐derived peptides by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I surface antigens on tumor cells is a key prerequisite to trigger effective T‐cell responses in cancer patients. Multiple complementary strategies like cDNA and serological expression cloning, reverse immunology and different ‘ome’‐based methods have been employed to identify potential T‐cell targets. This report focuses on a ligandomic profiling approach leading to the identification of 49 naturally processed HLA class I peptide ligands presented on the cell surface of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. The source proteins of the defined HLA ligands are classified according to their biological function and subcellular localization. Previously established cDNA microarray data of paired tissue specimen of RCC and renal epithelium assessed the transcriptional regulation for 28 source proteins. In addition, HLA‐A2‐restricted, peptide‐specific T cells directed against a HLA ligand derived from sulfiredoxin‐1 (SRXN1) were generated, which were able to recognize and lyse ligand‐presenting target cells in a HLA class I‐restricted manner. Furthermore, tumor‐infiltrating T cells isolated from a RCC patient were also able to kill SRXN1 expressing tumor cells. Thus, this experimental strategy might be suited to define potential candidate biomarkers and novel targets for T‐cell‐based immunotherapies of this disease.
Increased monocyte‐derived reactive oxygen species in type 2 diabetes: role of endoplasmic reticulum stress

What is the central question of this study? Patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit increased oxidative stress in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, including monocytes; however, the mechanisms remain unknown. What is the main finding and its importance? The main finding of this study is that factors contained within the plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes can contribute to increased oxidative stress in monocytes, making them more adherent to endothelial cells. We show that these effects are largely mediated by the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum stress and NADPH oxidase activity.