Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WCA Recommendations for the Long-Term Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

ABSTRACT What are the current recommendations for the long-term treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)? GAD is a common disorder with a lifetime prevalence of 4% to 7% in the general population. GAD is characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry or anxiety about a number of events or activities that the individual experiences on more days than not over a 6-month period. Onset of GAD symptoms usually occurs during an individual's early twenties; however, high rates of GAD have also been seen in children and adolescents. The clinical course of GAD is often chronic, with 40% of patients reporting illness lasting >5 years. GAD is associated with pronounced functional impairment, resulting in decreased vocational function and reduced quality of life. Patients with GAD tend to be high users of outpatient medical care, which contributes significantly to healtcare costs. Currently, benzodiazepines and buspirone are prescribed frequently to treat GAD. Although both show efficacy in acute treatment trials, few long-term studies have been perform Benzodiazepines are not recommended for long-term treatment of GAD, due to associated development of tolerance, psychomotor impairment, cognitive and memory changes, physical dependence, and a withdrawal reaction on discontinuation. The antidepressant venlafaxine extended-release (XR) has received approval for the treatment of GAD in the United States and many other countries. Venlafaxine XR has demonstrated efficacy over placebo in two randomized treatment trials of 6 months' duration as well as in other acute trials. Paroxetine is the first of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to receive US approval for the treatment of GAD. Paroxetine demonstrated superiority to placebo in short-term trials, and investigations into the use of other SSRIs are ongoing. This suggests that other SSRIs, and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, are likely to be effective in the treatment of GAD. Of the psychological therapies, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) shows the greatest benefit in treating GAD patients. Treatment gains after a 12-week course of CBT may be maintained for up to 1 year. Currently, no guidelines exist for the long-term treatment of GAD.
Wasserstein k -means++ for Cloud Regime Histogram Clustering

Much work has sought to discern the diﬀerent types of cloud regimes, typically via Euclidean k -means clustering of histograms. However, these methods ignore the underlying similarity structure of cloud types. Wasserstein k -means clustering is a promising candidate for utilizing this structure during clustering, but existing algorithms do not scale well and lack the quality guarantees of the Euclidean case. We resolve this by generalizing k -means++ guarantees to the Wasserstein setting and providing a scalable minibatch algorithm for Wasserstein k -means. Our methods empirically perform well and lead to new, diﬀerent cloud regime prototypes
THINKING DIFFERENTLY ABOUT PURCHASING PORTFOLIOS: AN ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABLE SOURCING

Kraljic is widely viewed as a driving force behind the concepts of supply management and purchasing portfolios. Kraljic proposed that supply management professionals needed to engage in a new approach, embracing globalization, technology and risk. This article marked a critical juncture for supply chain management. Almost three decades later, it is evident that the purchasing portfolio concept has been widely adopted as an effective practitioner tool and a well-accepted tenet in the supply chain management literature. However, a recently completed study yielded interesting evidence of a potential shift in supply chain management, specifically, in sustainable sourcing. We recently observed that a number of leaders in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) were not organizing purchasing portfolios in the manner suggested by Kraljic. We found organizations buying what would traditionally be leveraged commodities in a manner more appropriate for strategic suppliers. This unexpected observation suggests that the supply chain field may face another critical juncture, this time related to SSCM. This manuscript describes the observed phenomena and then, using an inductive approach, enhances the existing theory to explain what was observed. The end result is a modified sustainable purchasing portfolio model that should provide a strategic tool to help both academics and practitioners adapt to the new realities of SSCM.
Determinants of International Competitiveness: A Comparative Study of the Sugar Industry in Australia, Brazil, and the European Union

The dissertation involves an investigation into the circumstances of international competitiveness and how it is pursued by firms from different sugar producing and marketing nations. Understanding of competitiveness has primarily been pursued in terms of economic variables and market conditions. The roles of the government, the socio-cultural-political context in international business, and their effects on competitiveness have largely been ignored. This study integrates perspectives from strategic management, the resource-based view of the firm, and international business to propose a conceptual framework of international competitiveness. The work advances understanding of competitiveness in international business in two ways. First, it develops a conceptual framework that captures the socio-political element of a nation's industry and the crucial role it plays in achieving international competitiveness. Second, it combines firm, industry, strategy, and socio-political influences. Those are involved in a multi-level hierarchical process between firms, industry and the nation that effectively generates competitiveness. The dissertation employs a qualitative method of comparative analysis between Australia, Brazil and the European Union, which are the three dominant sugar producing and exporting economies in the world. A series of propositions are presented on the four identified influences on international competitiveness. How firms from different nations pursue these is highlighted. After considering the varied approaches for attaining international competitiveness, implications for further research and for theory, policy and practice are outlined.
Governance and security challenges in Anambra State

This paper examined the relationship between governance and security in Anambra state. The study is a cross sectional survey design and the multi stage sampling technique was adopted for selection of the 240 respondents chosen from Awka, Nnewi and Onitsha. It was found that government in Anambra state has failed in its basic responsibility to the people of the state. This led to increase in crime rate and the springing up of vigilante groups in the state. The paper therefore recommended among others accountability on the part of public office holders and prosecution of corrupt ones to enhance good governance.
Pengaruh Corporate Governance Dan Karakteristik Perusahaan Terhadap Pengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan Di Dalam Sustainability Report (Studi Empiris Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di BEI)

800x600 This study aims to examine the effect of corporate governance and firm characteristics on the extent of corporate social responsibility disclosure in sustainability report . Elements of corporate governance that are used to test are Independent Commissary proportion and foreign ownership proportion. Then,for the characteristics of firm using firm size and firm age. This study considered causative research. The population in this study was all companies listed on the Stock Exchange in 2008 until 2011. The sample was determined by the purposive sampling method and obtain 27 companies. Type of data used was secondary data obtained from www.idx. co.id and corporate websites. The method of analysis used is multiple regression analysis. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis with a significance level of 5%, the results of this study concluded that: (1) Independent Commissary proportion has no effect on CSR disclosure in the SR with the coefficient β is negative 0.175 and significance value 0.776> 0.05, ( 2) foreign ownership proportion has a significant negative effect on CSR disclosure in the SR with the coefficient β is negative 0.218 and significance value 0.049 0.05, and (4) firm age has a positive effect on CSR disclosure in SR with β coefficient is positive 0.577 and significance value 0.001> 0.05. Based on the above results, it is suggested: 1) The government should establish a clear and unequivocal regulations to regulate CSR disclosure. 2) Future studies using other variables that affect the disclosure of corporate social responsibility beyond the study variables. Keywords: Corporate Governance, Corporate Characteristics, CSR, Sustainability Report Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
Achieving ambidexterity through balancing exploration and exploitation with interorganizational collaboration

There has been argument regarding the issues that firms need to balance exploration and exploitation in order to achieve superior performance. This study examines which leads to better performance to balance exploration and exploitation or to emphasize one of them. Also, this study scrutinizes how different types of interorganizational collaboration affect firm performance according to firm's strategic orientation. To test the hypothesis, this study analyzes data on Korean manufacturing firms collected in the Korean Innovation Survey. The result shows that strategic orientation which refers to firm's orientation from exploitation to exploration has an inverted U-shaped relationship with firm performance. This relationship is negatively moderated by explorative collaboration. These findings suggest that balancing exploration and exploitation is beneficial for firm performance and explorative collaboration is more helpful for firms weighted toward exploitation.
An Investigation of the Relationshipbetween Capital Market Developmentand Economic Growth :the Case of Saudi Arabia

This thesis investigates the long-term and short-term relationships between capital market development and economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) for the period from 1970 to 2010. It employs a wide range of vector autoregression (VAR) and Vector Error Correction (VECM) models, Unit roots tests, optimal lag tests, Johansen-Juselius cointegration tests and Granger causality testes to evaluate the importance and impact of capital market development on economic growth. Using real GDP growth rate (RGDPR) and real non-oil GDP growth rate (RNOIL) as proxies for economic growth and LM1, LM2 and bank credit to private sector (LBCP) as proxies for the capital market development. The vector-autoregression models (VAR) indicates significant long-term causal relationship among all the variables in the system. Granger causality tests show a bidirectional causal relationship between the economic growth variable RGDPR and the capital market when proxied by the bank credit to private sector (LBCP). However, Error-correction models results show no relationships in the short-run. The thesis implications are as follows. Firstly, investment in real economic activities leads to economic growth. Secondly, the stock market might hinder economic growth due to its volatile and international risk sharing nature, low free-floating share ratio, number of listed companies, the domination of Saudi Individual Stock Trades (SIST) characteristics and the small size of the least active and limited bond and ETF markets. Thirdly, policymakers should seek to minimise stock market volatility and fluctuations, increase all the free-floating share ratio, number of listed companies, size and offering in the bond and ETF markets and shift investment domination toward corporate investors by considering its effect on economic growth when formulating economic policies. Fourthly, the banking sector might hinder economic growth due to its lack of small and medium enterprises lending and shareholder concentration issues. Finally, policymakers should seek to encourage banks toward more involvement in small and medium enterprises SMEs’ lending, which will strengthen the private sector role.
MyD 88-mediated TLR activation through BB-loop dependent TIR-TIR interactions

Abbreviations: ANTP, Antennapedia homeodomain; column volume; DAPI, 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole contrast; DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; FBS, foetal bovine seru phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP, green fluorescent transferase; IEC, ion exchange chromatography; IMAC, chromatography; LRR, leucine rich repeat; LPS, lipopol acid; MAL, myD88­adaptor­like protein; MTT, (4,5-dimet nyltetrazolium bromide; MyD88, myeloid differentiation adenine dinucleotide; PAMP, pathogen associated mole buffered saline; PBST, PBS supplemented with 0.05% (v motif; SARM, sterile α­ and armadillo­motif­containing TIR-domain protein; TIR, toll/interleukin­1 receptor; TLR related adaptor molecule; TRIF, TIR-domain­containing ad ⁎ Correspondence to: Department of Biological Sci Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapo ⁎⁎ Correspondence to: Department of Life Sciences, Imp Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK. E-mail addresses: e.carlsson11@imperial.ac.uk (E. Carl (J.L. Ding), b.byrne@imperial.ac. uk (B. Byrne). 1 Co-senior authors.
Synthesis of U1 RNA in isolated nuclei from sea urchin embryos: U1 RNA is initiated at the first nucleotide of the RNA

Nuclei from sea urchin blastula embryos synthesize a variety of small RNAs, one of which has identical mobility with sea urchin U1 RNA. This RNA is synthesized by RNA polymerase II and, in a hybridization-selection experiment, was selected by the cloned sea urchin U1 gene. The U1 RNA was initiated with ATP, but not GTP, in isolated nuclei with beta-S- and gamma-S-ribonucleotide triphosphates as substrates. The U1 RNA containing thiophosphate at the 5' end was not capped but accumulated as an uncapped transcript from which the thiophosphate could be removed with calf intestinal phosphatase.
Modes of international sourcing and the competitiveness of firms: an analysis of European survey data

We draw on a recent survey of European companies to differentiate between alternative modes of international outsourcing as possible determinants of market, cost and knowledge-related aspects of the competitiveness of firms. We find that internalized modes are often superior to outside options, and using existing subsidiaries tends to be more (cost) effective than undertaking new greenfield FDI.
Differentiation of radial glia from radial precursor cells and transformation into astrocytes in the developing rat spinal cord

Radial glial cell origins and functions have been studied extensively in the brain; however, questions remain relating to their origin and fate in the spinal cord. In the present study, radial glia are investigated in vivo using the neuroepithelial markers nestin and vimentin and the gliogenic markers GLAST, BLBP, 3CB2, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). This has revealed heterogeneity among nestin/vimentin‐positive precursor cells and suggests a lineage progression from neuroepithelial cell through to astrocyte in the developing spinal cord. A population of self‐renewing radial cells, distinct from an earlier pseudo‐stratified neuroepithelium, that resemble radial glial cells in morphology but do not express GLAST, BLBP, or 3CB2, is revealed. These radial cells arise directly from the spinal cord neuroepithelium and are probably the progenitors of neurons and the earliest appearing radial glial cells. GLAST/BLBP‐positive radial glia first appear in the ventral cord at E14, and these cells gradually transform through one or more intermediate stages into differentiated astrocytes. Few if any neurons appear to be derived from radial glial cells, which are instead the major sources of astrocytes in the spinal cord. Evidence for the nonradial glial cell origins of some white matter astrocytes is also presented. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PPARγ agonism attenuates cocaine cue reactivity

Cocaine use disorder is a chronic relapsing condition characterized by compulsive drug seeking and taking even after prolonged abstinence periods. Subsequent exposure to drug‐associated cues can promote intense craving and lead to relapse in abstinent humans and rodent models. The responsiveness to these cocaine‐related cues, or ‘cue reactivity’, can trigger relapse and cocaine‐seeking behaviors; cue reactivity is measurable in cocaine‐dependent humans as well as rodent models. Cue reactivity is thought to be predictive of cocaine craving and relapse. Here we report that PPARγ agonism during abstinence from cocaine self‐administration reduced previously active lever pressing in Sprague Dawley rats during cue‐reactivity tests, while administration of the PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, reversed this effect. PPARγ agonism also normalized nuclear ERK activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus which was reversed with GW9662. Our results support the utility of PPARγ agonism as a relapse prevention strategy to maintain abstinence in the presence of cocaine‐associated cues.
Reed-Sternberg Cell Leukaemia

A case of Reed-Sternberg (R-S) leukaemia is described, and the results of the morphological, cytochemical and cytokinetic studies on the circulating neoplastic cells are reported. Detailed data are given for each of the 3 types of abnormal circulating cells: abnormal mononuclear (AM) cells, Hodgkin's (H) cells and R-S cells. Our results cannot discriminate whether R-S cells derive from monocyte-macrophages or from B-cell lineage. However, some data suggest that H and R-S cells may likely originate from AM cells. The unfavourable clinical significance of the appearance of circulating R-S cells is discussed taking into account the other few cases reported in literature.
Associations Between Prolonged Intubation and Developing Post-extubation Dysphagia and Aspiration Pneumonia in Non-neurologic Critically Ill Patients

Objective To identify the associations between the duration of endotracheal intubation and developing post-extubational supraglottic and infraglottic aspiration (PEA) and subsequent aspiration pneumonia. Methods This was a retrospective observational study from January 2009 to November 2014 of all adult patients who had non-neurologic critical illness, required endotracheal intubation and were referred for videofluoroscopic swallowing study. Demographic information, intensive care unit (ICU) admission diagnosis, severity of critical illness, duration of endotracheal intubation, length of stay in ICU, presence of PEA and severity of dysphagia were reviewed. Results Seventy-four patients were enrolled and their PEA frequency was 59%. Patients with PEA had significantly longer endotracheal intubation durations than did those without (median [interquartile range]: 15 [9-21] vs. 10 [6-15] days; p=0.02). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the endotracheal intubation duration was significantly associated with PEA (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.18; p=0.04). Spearman correlation analysis of intubation duration and dysphagia severity showed a positive linear association (r=0.282, p=0.02). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of endotracheal intubation duration for developing PEA and aspiration pneumonia were 0.665 (95% CI, 0.542-0.788; p=0.02) and 0.727 (95% CI, 0.614-0.840; p=0.001), respectively. Conclusion In non-neurologic critically ill patients, the duration of endotracheal intubation was independently associated with PEA development. Additionally, the duration was positively correlated with dysphagia severity and may be helpful for identifying patients who require a swallowing evaluation after extubation.
Analysis of ectopic pregnancy at a tertiary care hospital: one year study

Background: Ectopic gestation is the leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in first trimester and is a major cause of reduced child bearing potential. The aims of our study were to understand the clinical profile, risk factors, sites and management modalities of ectopic pregnancy at tertiary care hospital. Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out for one year at the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of our institute. Data of the women admitted for management of ectopic pregnancy during January to December, 2010 was collected and analysed. Results: The proportion of ectopic pregnancy was 0.7 % at our institute. Majority of women 45(83.2%) were between the age group of 21-30 years. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) contributed to ectopic pregnancy in 16(29.6%) women. The most common symptom was lower abdominal pain, in 50(92.6%) women. Marked pallor was present in 25(46.3%) women and 38(70.4%) women had cervical motion tenderness. Out of all women, 10(18.5%), 18(33.3%) and 26(48.1%) women were managed successfully with methotrexate, laparoscopy and laparotomy respectively. The success rate was 83.3%, 90% and 100% with methotrexate, laparoscopy and laparotomy respectively. Blood and blood products were given to 25(46.3%) women. Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy is a growing problem of reproductive age group. Women should be encouraged regarding early reporting of missed periods and made aware of complications of ectopic pregnancy and necessity of seeking urgent medical help as early as possible so that early diagnosis and prompt conservative surgical or medical management of ectopic pregnancy can be done.
Video imaging of the meibomian gland.

We report herein a new method for observing the structure of the meibomian glands. This type of meibography uses a one-chip infrared video camera, a hand-held transilluminating light source, and a video monitor. The infrared camera is positioned in the visual axis of the patient's eye. A T-shaped adapter is used at the tip of the transilluminator to facilitate the eversion of the lower lid while the examiner directs the light for transillumination. The lower lid is everted, exposing the meibomian glands, which are observed on the video monitor. A super VHS recorder is used to maintain a visual record of each individual. Observation of meibomian gland structure has been limited to infrared film using a specialized slit lamp and a camera.1,2This procedure not only was cost and labor intensive but time consuming as well since it took time and effort to develop the film. Video meibography overcomes
Corporate Governance and Hedge Fund Activism

Over the past two decades, hedge fund activism has emerged as a new mechanism of corporate governance that brings about operational, financial and governance reforms to a corporation. Many prominent business executives and legal scholars are convinced that the entire American economy will suffer unless hedge fund activism with its perceived short-termism agenda is significantly restricted. Shareholder activists and their proponents claim they function as a disciplinary mechanism to monitor management and are instrumental in mitigating the agency conflict between managers and shareholders. I find statistically meaningful empirical evidence to reject the anecdotal conventional wisdom that hedge fund activism is detrimental to the long term interests of companies and their long term shareholders. Moreover, my findings suggest that hedge funds generate substantial long term value for target firms and its long term shareholders when they function as a shareholder advocate to monitor management through active board engagement to reduce agency cost.