Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional anatomy of the gibbon forelimb: adaptations to a brachiating lifestyle

It has been shown that gibbons are able to brachiate with very low mechanical costs. The conversion of muscle activity into smooth, purposeful movement of the limb depends on the morphometry of muscles and their mechanical action on the skeleton. Despite the gibbon's reputation for excellence in brachiation, little information is available regarding either its gross musculoskeletal anatomy or its more detailed muscle–tendon architecture. We provide quantitative anatomical data on the muscle–tendon architecture (muscle mass, physiological cross‐sectional area, fascicle length and tendon length) of the forelimb of four gibbon species, collected by detailed dissections of unfixed cadavers. Data are compared between different gibbon species and with similar published data of non‐brachiating primates such as macaques, chimpanzees and humans. No quantitative differences are found between the studied gibbon species. Both their forelimb anatomy and muscle dimensions are comparable when normalized to the same body mass. Gibbons have shoulder flexors, extensors, rotator muscles and elbow flexors with a high power or work‐generating capacity and their wrist flexors have a high force‐generating capacity. Compared with other primates, the elbow flexors of gibbons are particularly powerful, suggesting that these muscles are particularly important for a brachiating lifestyle. Based on this anatomical study, the shoulder flexors, extensors, rotator muscles, elbow flexors and wrist flexors are expected to contribute the most to brachiation.
Carpal tunnel syndrome--can it be a work related condition?

BACKGROUND Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the most common hand conditions seen in clinical practice. Many in the workforce, both male and female, will develop carpal tunnel syndrome and many will claim that their workplace has caused their condition. OBJECTIVE This article seeks to guide the examining practitioner in answering the questions of patients and insurance companies as to whether a patient with the established diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome has an acceptable workers' compensation claim for treatment. DISCUSSION Carpal tunnel syndrome is mostly constitutional and due to intrinsic factors such as genetics, body weight, and endocrine and rheumatoid disease. Extrinsic and work related factors such as forces applied to the wrist, and working in cold temperatures and with vibrating equipment will also be discussed.
Perceptions of Employment Relations and Permanence in the Organization: Mediating Effects of Affective Commitment in Relations of Psychological Contract and Intention to Quit

Working conditions in call/contact centers influence employees' perceptions of their relations with the organization and their attitudes to work. Such perceptions can be analyzed through the psychological contract. The association between the relational/transactional orientation of the psychological contract and intention to quit the organization was examined, as well as the mediating role of affective commitment in employment relations. Data were collected from 973 employees in a cross-sectional survey. Analysis confirmed that there was a statistically significant relation between the orientation of the psychological contract and intention to quit, which was positive for transactionally oriented and negative for relationally oriented contracts. A mediating role for affective commitment was also confirmed, and a full mediating effect was reported for both orientations.
An Memory polynomial model for power amplifiers

In this paper, an envelope Memory polynomial (MP) model is introduced to describe dynamic input -output characteristics of RF power amplifiers. In the modeling approach, we use a new truncation method and an established nonlinear time series method to determine model structure. Then, we discuss the process of model parameter extraction in detailed. Finally, a 2W WCDMA power amplifier is measured to verify the performance of EH model, and good agreement between model output and measurement result shows our model can accurately predict output characteristic of the power amplifier.
Sympathetic discharges in the human supraorbital nerve and their relation to sudo‐ and vasomotor responses.

1. Sympathetic nerve activity occurring as bursts of multi‐unit impulses was recorded with tungsten microelectrodes in the supraorbital nerve of awake healthy subjects. Within the fascicular innervation zone on the forehead, skin resistance was measured as an indicator of sweat gland activity, and skin blood flow was measured with laser‐doppler flowmetry. 2. At room temperature, there was little or no background burst activity, but arousal stimuli or mental stress evoked bursts followed by a vasodilator response. Provided repeated arousal stimuli were delivered, individual bursts were followed by a decrease in skin resistance. 3. Body heating induced increasing background burst activity. After an initial period without associated electrodermal activity, there were decreases in skin resistance, which showed a positive linear correlation with the amplitude of the preceding burst. Individual bursts were followed by a vasodilator response with an average onset latency of 2.8 s and an average duration of 9.1 s, and rapid increases in blood flow coincided with a marked increase in burst activity. Arousal stimuli evoked bursts followed by both vasodilator and skin resistance responses. 4. During body cooling, there was no background burst activity, but signs of relatively weak, probably neurally mediated vasoconstriction were observed and arousal‐evoked bursts were reduced or abolished, as were the associated vasodilator and skin resistance responses. 5. It is concluded that body heating induces active sympathetic vasodilatation in the skin of the human forehead, and that this is either sudomotor‐mediated or caused by vasodilator fibres firing in synchrony with sudomotor fibres. A similar sympathetic mechanism probably underlies the vasodilator responses evoked by arousal stimuli and mental stress.
A FYVE‐containing unusual cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from Trypanosoma cruzi

Cyclic‐nucleotide‐specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are key players in the intracellular signaling pathways of the important human pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi. We report herein the identification of an unusual PDE from this protozoal organism. This enzyme, TcrPDEC, is a member of the class I PDEs, as determined from the presence of a characteristic signature sequence and from the conservation of a number of functionally important amino acid residues within its catalytic domain. Class I PDEs include a large number of PDEs from eukaryotes, among them all 11 human PDE families. Unusually for an enzyme of this class, TcrPDEC contains a FYVE‐type domain in its N‐terminal region, followed by two closely spaced coiled‐coil domains. Its catalytic domain is located in the middle of the polypeptide chain, whereas all other class I enzymes contain their catalytic domains in their C‐terminal parts. TcrPDEC can complement a PDE‐deficient yeast strain. Unexpectedly for a kinetoplastid PDE, TcrPDEC is a dual‐specificity PDE that accepts both cAMP and cGMP as its substrates.
Structure of optimum receiving filters in data transmission systems (Corresp.)

It has been observed by several authors that a number of different optimum receiving filters (corresponding to different criteria of goodness) for sampled-data transmission systems can be factored as a product of a matched filter and a periodic filter with the period equal to the sampling frequency. By a simple argument it is shown in this correspondence that any reasonable criterion of goodness will lead to an optimum filter that has this form.
Convergence of Progesterone and Epidermal Growth Factor Signaling in Breast Cancer

During late stages of breast cancer progression, tumors frequently acquire steroid hormone resistance with concurrent amplification of growth factor receptors; this alteration predicts a poor prognosis. We show here that following treatment with the progestin, R5020, breast cancer cells undergo a “biochemical shift” in the regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated signaling pathways: R5020 potentiates the effects of EGF by up-regulating EGFR, c-ErbB2 and c-ErbB3 receptors, and by enhancing EGF-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of signaling molecules known to associate with activated type I receptors. Independently of EGF, R5020 increases Stat5 protein levels, association of Stat5 with phosphotyrosine-containing proteins, and tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 and Shc. Furthermore, progestins “prime” breast cancer cells for growth signals by potentiating EGF-stimulated p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p38 MAP kinase, and JNK activities. Although the levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E, and p21WAF1, are up-regulated by R5020 alone, they are synergistically up-regulated by EGF in the presence of R5020. Up-regulation of cell cycle proteins by EGF is blocked by inhibition of p42/p44 MAPK only in the presence of R5020, supporting a shift in the regulation of these cell cycle mediators from MAPK-independent to MAPK-dependent pathways. In summary, progesterone selectively increases the sensitivity of key kinase cascades to growth factors, thereby priming cells for stimulation by latent growth signals. These data support a model in which breast cancer cell growth switches from steroid hormone to growth factor dependence.
Triple negative breast cancer-review of current and emerging therapeutic strategies

T riple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with a poor prognosis compared to other types of breast cancer. The classification of 'triple negative' is not one homogenous tumor type, but rather is made up of multiple molecularly and biologically diverse tumor subtypes. At present, no approved targeted therapy exists and the standard remains cytotoxic chemotherapy. The identification of TNBC subtypes has provided a basis for identifying possible targeted therapeutic options. In addition, the recognition that some TNBCs share characteristics similar to tumors arising in patients with germline BRCA mutations has led to consideration of DNA damaging agents as a potential treatment option. Multiple investigational approaches are also underway, including immune checkpoint inhibition, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition, and androgen receptor blockage. The limited options available for systemic treatment of TNBC will hopefully expand as more is learned about the complex biology and molecular targets of this group of breast cancers. This review will discuss the biology of TNBC, current treatment options, and promising experimental strategies.
Comorbidity of Tinea Pedis and Onychomycosis and Evaluation of Risk Factors in Latino Immigrant Poultry Processing and Other Manual Laborers

Objectives Latino immigrant workers experience elevated rates of skin disease that result from their working and living conditions. Working in manual occupations exposes workers to a variety of challenges, including occlusive shoes, vigorous physical activity, and wet conditions. These challenges predispose workers to fungal infection. The objectives of this article are to examine the comorbidity of tinea pedis and onychomycosis and to identify possible risk factors among Latino immigrant poultry and nonpoultry workers in western North Carolina. Methods Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study conducted between June 2009 and November 2010 in rural western North Carolina among 518 manual Latino immigrant workers to assess their occupational injuries. Participants completed a face-to-face interview and a dermatologic examination. Results Nearly one-third of the participants (32%) were diagnosed as having onychomycosis and more than one-third (37.8%) were diagnosed as having tinea pedis. There was a greater prevalence of tinea pedis in men than women (71.3% vs 28.7%, respectively). Of the 518 participants, 121 (23.5%) had both conditions. Participants who reported the use of occlusive shoes as “always” or “most of the time” had a higher prevalence of comorbid onychomycosis and tinea pedis than the rest of the group. Conclusions Comorbidity of tinea pedis and onychomycosis is common among immigrant Latino men and women who perform manual labor. Further studies confirming the presence and type of dermatophyte should be conducted.
Microwave properties of MgB/sub 2/ thin films grown by reactive evaporation

We have grown MgB/sub 2/ films using the deposition technique of reactive evaporation. This method allows high-quality, large-area, double-sided films to be grown on a large variety of substrate materials. These films are therefore well suited for applications, several of which may exploit the low-loss high-frequency properties of MgB/sub 2/, including passive microwave resonators and filters, nuclear magnetic resonance coils, and RF cavities for particle accelerators. Determining the surface resistance and nonlinear properties of our films can thus give us an idea of their suitability for these applications, as well as tell us something about their fundamental superconducting nature. We have begun measuring the microwave properties of our films using both a parallel plate technique and by patterning the films into stripline resonators and lumped-element resonators and filters. The films display very low surface resistance values.
Social Exchange Theory . does it matter for employee performance

Employee engagement is critical to achieve the competitive advantage which, ultimately, affects the employee performance in the contemporary knowledge-based economy. The purpose of this study is to propose a model assists to understand the impact of employee engagement on various employee performance measures such as innovative work behavior, organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, task performance, turnover intention, counterproductive work behavior and absenteeism. In fact, organizations can achieve a sustainable employee performance by ensuring the high level of employee engagement. This study contributes to academic literature by extending the knowledge of engagement-performance relationship under the tenet of Social Exchange Theory (SET). Moreover, it may provide a roadmap for future researchers towards understanding the linkage between employee engagement and employee performances.
[Nedaplatin or cisplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil for treatment of stage III-IVa nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a randomized controlled study].

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and side effects of nedaplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) and cisplatin plus 5-Fu for treatment of stage III-IVa nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS A total of 100 patients with NPC proved by histopathology were divided into nedaplatin plus 5-Fu group (NF group) and cisplatin plus 5-Fu group (PF group), 50 cases in each group. NF group: nedaplatin 30 mg/m(2), d1-d3, 5-Fu 500 mg/m(2) d1-d5, repeated every 3 weeks for 2 cycles. PF group: cisplatin 30 mg/m(2) d1-d3, 5-Fu 500 mg/m(2) d1-d5, repeated every 3 weeks for 2 cycles. χ(2) test was used to compare the efficacy and side-effects of the two groups. RESULTS All the 100 cases were evaluable and their clinical data in the two groups were comparable. Six patients with complete response were observed, 3 cases in NF group and 3 in PF group. The overall response rates were 86.0% in NF group and 84.0% in PF group, with no significant difference (χ(2) = 0.078, P = 0.779). The rates of leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, impairment of hepatic and renal function were similar whereas more patients in the PF group than in the NF group suffered from nausea and vomiting (88.0% vs. 56.0%, P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Nedaplatin plus 5-Fu is an effective treatment regimen for NPC. When compared with PF regimen, the response rate is similar. However, NF regimen shows a significant superiority in reducing nausea and vomiting.
The effect of counselling on preconception lifestyle and awareness in Iranian women contemplating pregnancy: a randomized control trial

Abstract Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the effect of counselling on preconception lifestyle and awareness about it in healthy women planning to get pregnant. Methods: This study was conducted on 152 women aged 18–35 who planned to get pregnant within the next year. Using block randomization, the participants were assigned into a counselling and a control group (n = 76 per group). The intervention group attended six group counselling sessions, twice per week, over 3 weeks. The preconception lifestyle questionnaire and preconception lifestyle awareness questionnaire were completed by the participants before the intervention and 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention. The repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyse the data. Results: The two groups were matching in terms of their sociodemographic characteristics and the baseline scores of preconception lifestyle and awareness about preconception lifestyle. The mean score of preconception lifestyle (adjusted mean difference = 0.17; 95% confidence interval = 0.13–0.21) and awareness about preconception lifestyle (7.8; 8.7–6.9) showed statistically significant improvements in the intervention group compared to the control group. Conclusions: Preconception lifestyle group counselling is associated with increased awareness and improved lifestyle in women planning to get pregnant.
Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology: A Synthesis and the Road Ahead

The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) is a little over a decade old and has been used extensively in information systems (IS) and other fields, as the large number of citations to the original paper that introduced the theory evidences. In this paper, we review and synthesize the IS literature on UTAUT from September 2003 until December 2014, perform a theoretical analysis of UTAUT and its extensions, and chart an agenda for research going forward. Based on Weber’s (2012) framework of theory evaluation, we examined UTAUT and its extensions along two sets of quality dimensions; namely, the parts of a theory and the theory as a whole. While our review identifies many merits to UTAUT, we also found that the progress related to this theory has hampered further theoretical development in research into technology acceptance and use. To chart an agenda for research that will enable significant future work, we analyze the theoretical contributions of UTAUT using Whetten’s (2009) notion of cross-context theorizing. Our analysis reveals several limitations that lead us to propose a multi-level framework that can serve as the theoretical foundation for future research. Specifically, this framework integrates the notion of research context and cross-context theorizing with the theory evaluation framework to: (1) synthesize the existing UTAUT extensions across both the dimensions and the levels of the research context and (2) highlight promising research directions. We conclude with recommendations for future UTAUT-related research using the proposed framework.
INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE AND THE MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE

We draw from the recently developed construct of institutional distance to propose a framework that explains foreign direct investment by the multinational enterprise. We decompose the institutional distance between the host and home countries into distances on the regulative, normative, and cognitive dimensions of institutions, and match these with firm-level attributes to produce propositions regarding host country selection and foreign market entry strategies.
The Discovery of Orally Bioavailable Tyrosine Threonine Kinase (TTK) Inhibitors: 3-(4-(heterocyclyl)phenyl)-1H-indazole-5-carboxamides as Anticancer Agents.

The acetamido and carboxamido substituted 3-(1H-indazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamides are potent TTK inhibitors. However, they display modest ability to attenuate cancer cell growth; their physicochemical properties, and attendant pharmacokinetic parameters, are not drug-like. By eliminating the polar 3-sulfonamide group and grafting a heterocycle at the 4 position of the phenyl ring, potent inhibitors with oral exposure were obtained. An X-ray cocrystal structure and a refined binding model allowed for a structure guided approach. Systematic optimization resulted in novel TTK inhibitors, namely 3-(4-(heterocyclyl)phenyl)-1H-indazole-5-carboxamides. Compounds incorporating the 3-hydroxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2. 1]octan-8-yl bicyclic system were potent (TTK IC50 < 10 nM, HCT116 GI50 < 0.1 μM), displayed low off-target activity (>500×), and microsomal stability (T(1/2) > 30 min). A subset was tested in rodent PK and mouse xenograft models of human cancer. Compound 75 (CFI-401870) recapitulated the phenotype of TTK RNAi, demonstrated in vivo tumor growth inhibition upon oral dosing, and was selected for preclinical evaluation.
A Quantitative Analysis of Business Process Reengineering and Organizational Resistance: The Case of Uganda

Many organizations in African countries need to reengineer their business processes to improve on efficiency. The general objective of this study was to identify the impact of different factors, including organizational resistance to change on Business Process Reengineering (BPR). The study showed that only 30.4% of BPR projects in Uganda have delivered the intended usable Information Systems. The researchers have identified the factors impacting on BPR and possible causes of BPR failures. The identified emotional response of the users towards the BPR implementation ranges from Acceptance to Testing, Indifference and Anger. Based upon the study findings, the researchers have formulated the set of recommendations for organizations implementing BPR. This paper will be of interest to the organizational managers, BPR implementers and the future researchers in a related area of study.
Recent advances on the fungi of Pu-erh ripe tea.

Pu-erh tea is one sort of unique Chinese post-fermented tea. Fungi play an important role in forming its special flavor, taste and healthy function During the post-fermentation process of Pu-erh tea, meanwhile, some harmful fungi may bring potential safety hazards to the production of Pu-erh tea. This paper summarizes recent advances on the Fungi of Pu-erh ripe tea,which concerned about fungal colonization, metabolism and safety of fungi.