Collaborative sensing and communication schemes for cooperative wireless sensor networks

Energy conservation is considered to be one of the key design challenges within resource constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that leads the researchers to investigate energy eﬃcient protocols with some application speciﬁc challenges. Dynamic clustering scheme within the deployed sensor nodes is generally considered as one of the energy conservation techniques. However, unbalanced distribution of cluster heads, highly variable number of sensor nodes in the clusters and high number of sensor nodes involved in event reporting tend to drain out the network energy quickly, resulting in unplanned decrease in network lifetime. Performing power aware signal processing, deﬁning communication methods that can provide progressive accuracy and, optimising processing and communication for signal transmission are the challenging tasks. In this thesis, energy eﬃcient solutions are proposed for collaborative sensing and cooperative communication within resource constrained WSNs. A dynamic and cooperative clustering as well as neighbourhood formation scheme is proposed that is expected to evenly distribute the energy demand from the cluster heads and optimise the number of sensor nodes involved in event reporting. The distributive and dynamic behaviour of the proposed framework provides an energy eﬃcient self-organising solution for WSNs that results in an improved network lifetime. The proposed framework is independent of the nature of the sensing type to support applications that require either time-driven sensing, event-driven sensing or hybrid of both sensing types. A cooperative resource selection and transmission scheme is also proposed to improve the performance of collaborative WSNs in terms of maintaining link reliability. As a part of the proposed cooperative nature of transmission, the transmitreceive antennae selection scheme and lattice reduction algorithm have also been considered. It is assumed that the channel state information is estimated at the ii receiver and there is a feedback link between the wireless sensing nodes and the fusion centre receiver. For the ease of system design engineer to achieve a predeﬁned capacity or quality of service, a set of analytical frameworks that provide tighter error performance lower bound for zero forcing (ZF), minimum mean square error (MMSE) and maximum likelihood (ML) detection schemes are also presented. The dynamic behaviour has been adopted within the framework with a proposed index derived from the received measure of the channel quality, which has been attained through the feedback channel from the fusion centre. The dynamic property of the proposed framework makes it robust against time-varying behaviour of the propagation environment. Finally, a uniﬁed framework of collaborative sensing and communication schemes for cooperative WSNs is proposed to provide energy eﬃcient solutions within resource constrained environments. The proposed uniﬁed framework is fully decentralised which reduces the amount of information required to be broadcasted. Such distributive capability accelerates the decision-making process and enhances the energy conservation. Furthermore, it is validated by simulation results that the proposed uniﬁed framework provides a trade-oﬀ between network lifetime and transmission reliability while maintaining required quality of service.