Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cultural Variations in the Effect of Interview Privacy and the Need for Social Conformity on Reporting Sensitive Information

Abstract Privacy is an important feature of the interview interaction mainly due to its potential effect on reporting information, especially sensitive information. Here we examine the effect of third-party presence on reporting both sensitive and relatively neutral outcomes. We investigate whether the effect of third-party presence on reporting sensitive information is moderated by the respondent’s need for social conformity and the respondent’s country of residence. Three types of outcomes are investigated: behavioral, attitudinal, and relatively neutral health events. Using data from 22,070 interviews and nine countries in the cross-national World Mental Health Survey Initiative, we fit multilevel logistic regression to study reporting effects on questions about suicidal behavior and marital ratings, and contrast these with questions about having high blood pressure, asthma, or arthritis. We find that there is an effect of third-party presence on reporting sensitive information and no effect on reporting of neutral information. Further, the effect of the interview privacy setting on reporting sensitive information is moderated by the need for social conformity and the cultural setting.
EFFICACY OF SEED EXTRACTS OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA ON THE CORROSION INHIBITION OF MILD STEEL IN 1N HCl MEDIUM USING PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, WEIGHT LOSS MEASUREMENTS AND QUANTUM CHEMICAL STUDIES

Extract of Momordica Charantia Seed (MCS) was investigated as corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 1N HCl using phytochemical screening, conventional weight loss, and theoretical analysis. Weight loss results showed that MCS seed extracts are good corrosion inhibitors. Inhibition efficiency increased with increase in concentration of inhibitor and decreased with temperature. The maximum inhibition efficiency was 95.06% in case of MCS extract in 1N HCl for immersion period of 7h at a concentration of 2.5 %v/v. Quantum studies revealed that inhibition was due to adsorption of active molecules leading to formation of a protective layer on surface of mild steel. Quantum chemical parameters such as highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, HOMO–LUMO energy gap and electronic density were virtually identified. Quantum analysis demonstrated reactive centres of electrophilic and nucleophilic attack and strong inhibition properties of bioactive molecules of MCS extract.
Chemical composition of cactus pear cladodes under different fertilization and harvesting managements

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of combined phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization and of harvesting frequency on the chemical composition of 'Gigante' cactus pear (Opuntia ficus‐indica) cladodes. The experiment was carried out in two municipalities, Quixadá and Tejuçuoca, in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Fertilization with nitrogen (urea) and phosphorus (single superphosphate) was done with nine doses, respectively: 10 and 70, 70 and 10, 70 and 70, 70 and 130, 100 and 100, 130 and 70, 130 and 130, 130 and 190, and 190 and 130 kg ha-1 per year, besides 100 kg ha-1 N and P2O5 per year as the control. The harvesting frequencies evaluated were annual and biannual. A randomized complete block design was adopted, in split plot, with four replicates. The effect of fertilization on the contents of total dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, organic matter, and total carbohydrates in the cladodes varies with harvesting frequency and site. Regarding harvesting frequency, there were higher contents of organic matter, total carbohydrates, and neutral detergent fiber, but lower contents of crude protein for the biannual harvesting in both municipalities. Annual harvesting improves the nutritional quality of primary and secondary cladodes in the municipality of Quixadá and of secondary and tertiary cladodes in Tejuçuoca.
Noun Phrase Accessibility and Acquisition of English Relative Clauses by Korean Learners

Choi, Incheol and Kim, Jeong-Im. 2008. Noun Phrase Accessibility and Acquisition of English Relative Clauses by Korean Learners. Linguistic Research 25(2), 83-104. Although it has been widely accepted that the noun phrase accessibility hierarchy (NPAH) in Keenan and Comrie (1977, 1979) plays a significant role in the acquisition of relative clauses, the interpretations of this correlation vary. To test the role of the NPAH in Korean learners’ acquisition of English relative clauses, we conducted three experiments: a sentence combining test, a computerized reading comprehension test, and a sentence combining test checking animacy effects. Our results were consistent with the predictions made by the NPAH. In addition, contrary to the argument made by Traxler et al. (2002), we confirmed that the NPAH effects cannot be substituted with animacy effects, but are more likely correlated with the processing difficulties encountered among relative clause types. (Kyungpook National University)
Mycorrhizal effectiveness and manganese toxicity in soybean as affected by soil type and endophyte

Mycorrhizal plants may present Mn toxicity alleviation and this depends on the plant-endophyte-environment interaction. The effectiveness of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Glomus macrocarpum, G. etunicatum, G. intraradices) and a control without AMF in two soils: Typic Rhodudalf with high Mn availability and a Typic Quartzipsamment, with low Mn availability, was evaluated in a time-course experiment at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after soybean (Glycine max L.) seedling emergence. The objective was to select the most effective AMF species to enhance plant growth and to assess its effects upon Mn uptake by plants and Mn availability in the soil. For the sandy soil, AMF inoculation resulted in increased plant biomass, especially with G. intraradices and G. etunicatum. Lower Mn concentrations were observed in shoot and root of mycorrhizal plants. For the clayey soil, there was also an increase in plant biomass, but only for plants inoculated with G. intraradices and G. etunicatum. Mycorrhizal plants presented higher Mn concentrations in shoot and root and there was an increase of available Mn in the soil, in relation to the control, especially in the treatment with G. macrocarpum. When inoculated with G. macrocarpum, plants presented Mn toxicity symptoms and reduced biomass in comparison to control plants. The effects of mycorrhizal inoculation, either positive or negative, were most intense at 9 and 12 weeks.
Ammonia Concentrations Over Europe – Application of the WRF-Chem Model Supported With Dynamic Emission

The study focuses on the application of a static and dynamic ammonia emission based on a Europe-wide default setting into the Weather Research and Forecasting Chemistry model (WRF-Chem) and the influence on the simulated ammonia concentrations and the overall model performance. The WRF-Chem model was run twice for the entire Europe at a spatial resolution of 36 x 36 km for the year 2012. In the first simulation we used a static emission approach (the “BASE” simulation), whereas in the second simulation, dynamic ammonia emissions were used (the “DYNAMIC” simulation). Both simulations underestimate measured concentrations of NH3 for all seasons, have similar NMGE (about 0.7 μg m-3) and modelled hourly ammonia peaks are shifted towards the afternoon hours if compared with measurements. However, for all temporal resolutions, normalised mean gross error in winter and summer is lower for DYNAMIC than for BASE. The DYNAMIC simulation also generally gives worse performance in spring for each temporal resolution. For further improvement of the modelled ammonia concentrations with WRF-Chem we suggest to use a nested approach with higher spatial resolution, which will lead to better separation of the ammonia source regions from surrounding areas, and take into account national practice and regulations in the emission model, eventually only in the nested model domain.
Correlation Network Analysis of International Postgraduate Students’ Satisfaction in Top Malaysian Universities: A Robust Approach

This paper deals with an analysis of correlation network among the satisfaction characteristics evaluated by the international students of top five Malaysian universities. The method developed in econophysics has been used to filter the information contained in a correlation structure. In this paper, we present a correlation network analysis where the correlation structure is determined based on robust approach. This approach is used to have a better understanding of foreign students’ satisfaction which will be very useful for Malaysian universities. Based on our proposed centrality measure, interestingly, the result demonstrates that the item “pay premium price” is the most influential characteristic that reflects to the highest degree of satisfaction for the international students. The university senior management would benefit by knowing this result in order to gain competitive advantage over other universities. Practical implications are provided accordingly.
Equivalent granular void ratio and behaviour of loose sand with fines

Traditionally, void ratio is being used as a state variable for liquefaction analysis of sand with fines. However, recent publications reported that void ratio is not a good state variable for sand with fines. Thus, equivalent granular void ratio, e* instead of void ratio, e is proposed to resolve this problem. A single trend for Steady State (SS) data points for sand with fines can then be achieved in e*log(p) space irrespective of fines contents, fc. The single trend is referred to as equivalent granular steady state line, EG-SSL. However, a parameter b, the active fraction of fines in sands force structure, is needed in the conversion to e* from e. The biggest challenge in using e* is to get physically reasonable b. There are many approaches namely assumed/back analysis, prediction etc have been seen in literature to obtain b. This paper critically examined these approaches in the light of critical state soil mechanics, CSSM framework. Then the prediction approach is used to examine the applicability of the EG-SSL as an alternative SSL irrespective of fines contents under CSSM framework. The outcome was excellent. Then the prediction approach is used to correlate other void ratio dependent soil behaviours such as cyclic resistance to liquefaction (CR), instability stress ratio (IS), small strain shear modulus (G) etc. Good correlations were also observed for these behaviours.
A Comparison of 60-72 Month Old Children’s Environmental Awareness and Attitudes: TEMA Kids Program

The purpose of this study was to compare children’s environmental awareness and attitudes in the classes where TEMA Kids was implemented and where it was not. This study which used pre-test post-test control group experimental research design was carried out in 2016-2017 academic year. The study group was composed of 60-72 month old 138 children (69 experimental, 69 control) who continued their preschool education. Environmental awareness and attitude scale for preschool education children was used as data collection tool. The t-test for dependent and independent samples was used to compare children’s environmental awareness and attitudes in experimental and control groups. When the findings were examined, it was found that TEMA Kids caused significant differences with all sub-dimensions and total scores of the children except for the environmental attitude sub-scale protecting creatures sub-dimension in the classes where it was implemented.
Parameterization of the spatially averaged sky view factor in complex topography

Large‐scale meteorological, land surface or climate models require precise subgrid parameterizations to reproduce unresolved subgrid processes. This is particularly important in mountainous terrain where subgrid surface properties (e.g., glacier area extent) are used to illustrate the impact of global climate change. The sky view factor is one of the most frequently used terrain characteristics to parameterize the influence of topography on the surface radiation balance in complex terrain. A precise subgrid parameterization of sky view factors is therefore essential for accurate parameterizations of radiative fluxes such as shortwave diffuse sky and terrain reflected radiation. While its computation is straightforward for a particular site, a systematic characterization of the spatially averaged sky view factor is still missing. We use Gaussian random fields with a Gaussian covariance as topography model, and based on an analytical approximation, we derive a parameterization for the spatially averaged sky view factor. The sky view factor parameterization is solely based on computationally cheap terrain parameters, namely the correlation length of subgrid topographic features and the mean‐squared slope in the grid cell of the large‐scale model. For validation we compare parameterized to numerically exact sky view factors computed for real terrain of the Swiss Alps from a 25 m digital elevation model, with subsequent averaging to varying target domain sizes. We obtain a very good agreement when approaching the resolutions of regional climate models. The parameterization also compares well for various real topographies from the U.S.
Ocean forecasting for the German Bight: from regional to coastal scales

Abstract. This paper describes recent developments based on advances in coastal ocean forecasting in the fields of numerical modeling, data assimilation, and observational array design, exemplified by the Coastal Observing System for the North and Arctic Seas (COSYNA). The region of interest is the North and Baltic seas, and most of the coastal examples are for the German Bight. Several pre-operational applications are presented to demonstrate the outcome of using the best available science in coastal ocean predictions. The applications address the nonlinear behavior of the coastal ocean, which for the studied region is manifested by the tidal distortion and generation of shallow-water tides. Led by the motivation to maximize the benefits of the observations, this study focuses on the integration of observations and modeling using advanced statistical methods. Coastal and regional ocean forecasting systems do not operate in isolation but are linked, either weakly by using forcing data or interactively using two-way nesting or unstructured-grid models. Therefore, the problems of downscaling and upscaling are addressed, along with a discussion of the potential influence of the information from coastal observatories or coastal forecasting systems on the regional models. One example of coupling coarse-resolution regional models with a fine-resolution model interface in the area of straits connecting the North and Baltic seas using a two-way nesting method is presented. Illustrations from the assimilation of remote sensing, in situ and high-frequency (HF) radar data, the prediction of wind waves and storm surges, and possible applications to search and rescue operations are also presented. Concepts for seamless approaches to link coastal and regional forecasting systems are exemplified by the application of an unstructured-grid model for the Ems Estuary.
Comparative Analysis of Profitability Determinants of Domestic and Foreign Islamic Banks in Malaysia

This paper is conducted to compare the determinants of profitability of the domestic and foreign Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. The Generalized Least Square (GLS) is employed with unbalanced panel data on seventeen Islamic banks, using quarterly data for the period of 2007 to 2010. In order to find out the differences in the profitability determinants, the sample of banks is divided into two sub-samples (domestic and foreign). The results reveal that domestic Islamic banks are more profitable than foreign Islamic banks. The results also show that the profitability determinants of domestic banks are different from those of foreign banks. The overhead expenses, loans, efficiency, gross domestic product growth rate and bank size have a significant effect in determining banks’ profitability, in which case applicable to the domestic banks only. In turn, the gross domestic product per capita has a significant effect in determining banks’ profitability of only the foreign banks. The study finds that, deposits, capital and reserves, inflation and banks’ age have a significant effect in determining banks’ profitability of both domestic and foreign banks. Meanwhile, liquidity and concentration are not able to explain the variability of domestic and foreign Islamic banks’ profitability. The findings indicate that the profitability of domestic banks is affected by the global financial crisis while, the profitability of foreign banks is not affected.
Spanwise domain effects on the evolution of the plane turbulent mixing layer

Large Eddy Simulation is used to simulate a series of plane mixing layers. The influence of the spanwise domain on the development of the mixing layer, and the evolution of the coherent structures, are considered. The mixing layers originate from laminar conditions, and an idealised inflow condition is found to produce accurate flow predictions when the spanwise computational domain extent is sufficient to avoid confinement effects. Spanwise domain confinement of the flow occurs when the ratio of spanwise domain extent to local momentum thickness reaches a value of ten. Flow confinement results in changes to both the growth mechanism of the turbulent coherent structures, and the nature of the interactions that occur between them. The results demonstrate that simulations of the two-dimensional mixing layer flow requires a three-dimensional computational domain in order that the flow will evolve in a manner that is free from restraints imposed by the spanwise domain.
Factors affecting online community commitment in China: a conceptual framework

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to introduce a conceptual framework for identifying the antecedents that affect members' online community commitment in the context of China. Understanding members' online community behaviour is important for e-marketers as it has been predicted that the online communities bring new opportunities and challenges to the business. Design/methodology/approach – The framework is derived from the resource-based perspective. It addresses the main variables and explains the key stages of conducting the study. Findings – This study conducted a suitable process to develop the framework which identifies the antecedents of members' online community commitment. In recent years, the social media has captured a major part of people's daily communication and internet users actively participate in the online community activities; therefore, understanding the factors influence members' online community engagement and commitment is perceived to positively capture the online market. Res.
Alternative gravimetric methodology for isostatic analyses. An example for Bolivian Andes

In this work we present a new, alternative methodology for performing isostatic studies by means of geoid undulations, excluding the use of measured gravity anomalies. An example on Bolivian Andes is presented as case study. Considering a digital elevation model as input data, a theoretical perfectly isostatically balanced Airy crustal model was constructed for Bolivia. The free-air and the Bouguer anomalies, and the geoid undulations produced by this theoretical model, were directly evaluated by means of three-dimensional integration. The "real" geoid undulations were computed from the EGM96 global geopotential model, and were filtered from long wavelengths by means of a sparse Fourier transform method. The residual "real" geoid undulations were compared with the theoretical geoid undulations for Bolivian Andes, showing a global tendency towards isostatic balance, agreeing with previous results obtained using traditional gravimetry. The free-air and the Bouguer anomalies from the EGM96 residual geoid undulations were also evaluated and then compared with the anomalies produced by the theoretical model. The Bouguer anomalies support definitely the results obtained using the geoid undulations while the free-air anomalies, although less consistently, showed the same global tendency.
Observed twentieth century land surface air temperature and precipitation covariability

Significant positive trends in surface air temperatures (SATs) and precipitation were observed over 71% and 27%, respectively, of the global land surface during the twentieth century. Although the terrestrial surface is becoming warmer and wetter, the covariability between annual SAT and precipitation is not well understood. Significant anticorrelations between annual values of SAT and precipitation exist over 24% of the global land surface. Regional‐scale interannual climate variability alternates between two dominant regimes, namely relatively warm and dry or cool and wet conditions. The out‐of‐phase positive trends in terrestrial SATs and precipitation observed during the twentieth century provide an important climate simulation benchmark.
Selecting and Validating Tasks from a Kindergarten Screening Battery That Best Predict Third Grade Educational Placement

In this study, predictive classification accuracy was used to select those tasks from a kindergarten screening battery that best identified children who, three years later, were classified as educable mentally handicapped or as having a specific learning disability. A subset of measures enabled correct classification of 91% of the children in those special education categories and 85% of the children in regular education. Although there was a high percentage of false positives, 57% of these children were actually poor achievers in third grade. Lower screening scores were associated with being tested in Spanish or both English and Spanish, minority status and low SES.
Evaluation of chemical composition, anti-inflammatory and anti- nociceptive effects of Eugenia caryophyllata buds essential oil

Background & Aim: Eugenia caryophyllata well known as Clove is a tree from Myrtaceae family that several parts of this plant traditionally used in dental care as an analgesic. This study aimed to assess the chemical composition, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of the essential oil extracted from Clove buds. Experimental: The essential oil of Clove buds (EOC) was extracted by Clevenger type apparatus and its chemical composition determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Analgesic activities of EOC were measured by formalin-induced orofacial pain and tail immersion test in rat. Also anti-inflammatory effect of the EOC was evaluated by using xylene induced ear edema test in mice. Results: EOC (100, 200 mg/kg, SC) and ketoprofen (80 and 160 mg/kg, IP) inhibit only the second phase of orofacial pain. Morphine (5 mg/kg) as a positive control significantly (p <0.05) reduced pain response in the both phases of pain. Pre-treatment of animals with naloxone did not prevent the EOC (200 mg/kg) analgesic activity. Co-administration of sub-analgesic doses of EOC (50 mg/kg) and ketoprofen (40 mg/kg) significantly (p <0.05) reduced nociceptive behavior in second phase. Also EOC (100 and 200 mg/kg) failed to increase nociceptive response latency in the tail immersion test. Meanwhile, EOC (100 and 200 mg/kg) and ketoprofen (80 mg/kg) significantly (p <0.001) attenuated xylene-induced ear edema in mice. Also according to GC-MS results the major components of the EOC were eugenol (54.86%), β-Caryophyllene (20.19%), α-Humulene (7.11%), eugenol acetat (4.85%) and Chavibetol (2.23%). Recommended applications/industries: These data showed that EOC possessed potent anti-inflammatory activity and produced non-opioid mediated analgesia in the second phase of orofacial pain without any effect on tail immersion response.