Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demand-Driven Innovation Policies in the European Union

The objective of the PICK-ME (Policy Incentives for Creation of Knowledge -- Methods and Evidence) research project is to provide theoretical and empirical perspectives on innovation which give a greater role to the demand-side aspect of innovation. The main question is how can policy make enterprises more willing to innovate? This task is fulfilled by identifying what we consider the central or most salient aspect of a demand-side innovation-driven economy, which is the small and entrepreneurial yet fast growing and innovative firm. We use the term -- Gazelle‖ to signify this type of firm throughout the paper. The main concern of policy makers should therefore be how to support Gazelle type of firms through various policies. The effectiveness of different policy instruments are considered. For example, venture capitalism is in the paper identified as an important modern institution that renders exactly the type of coordination necessary to bring about an innovation system more orientated towards the demand side. This is because experienced entrepreneurs with superior skills in terms of judging the marketability of new innovations step in as financiers. Other factor market bottlenecks on the skills side must be targeted through education policies that fosters centers of excellence. R&D incentives are also considered as a separate instrument but more a question for future research since there is no evidence available on R&D incentives as a Gazelle type of policy. Spatial policies to foster more innovation have been popular in the past. But we conclude that whereas the literature often finds that new knowledge is developed in communities of physically proximate firms, there is no overshadowing evidence showing that spatial policies in particular had any impact on generating more of the Gazelle type of firms.
Gravity-driven infiltration instability in initially dry nonhorizontal fractures

Experimental evidence demonstrating gravity-driven wetting front instability in an initially dry natural fracture is presented. An experimental approach is developed using a transparent analog rough-walled fracture to explore gravity-driven instability. Three different boundary conditions were observed to produce unstable fronts in the analog fracture: application of fluid at less than the imbibition capacity, inversion of a density-stratified system, and redistribution of flow at the cessation of stable infiltration. The redistribution boundary condition (analogous to the cessation of ponded infiltration) is considered in a series of systematic experiments. Gravitational gradient and magnitude of the fluid input were varied during experimentation. Qualitative observations imply that finger development is strongly correlated to the structure of the imbibition front at the onset of flow redistribution. Measurements of fingertip velocity are used to develop a first-order relationship with fingertip length. Measured finger width is compared to theoretical predictions based on linear stability theory.
THE MICROARCSECOND STRUCTURE OF AN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS JET VIA INTERSTELLAR SCINTILLATION

We describe a new tool for studying the structure and physical characteristics of ultracompact active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets and their surroundings with μas precision. This tool is based on the frequency dependence of the light curves observed for intra-day variable radio sources, where the variability is caused by interstellar scintillation. We apply this method to PKS 1257–326 to resolve the core-shift as a function of frequency on scales well below ∼12 μas. We find that the frequency dependence of the position of the scintillating component is r∝ν−0.1 ± 0.24 (99% confidence interval) and the frequency dependence of the size of the scintillating component is d∝ν−0.64 ± 0.006. Together, these results imply that the jet opening angle increases with distance along the jet: with nd > 1.8. We show that the flaring of the jet, and flat frequency dependence of the core position is broadly consistent with a model in which the jet is hydrostatically confined and traversing a steep pressure gradient in the confining medium with and np ≳ 7. Such steep pressure gradients have previously been suggested based on very long baseline interferometry studies of the frequency dependent core shifts in AGNs.
On the nonstandard representation of measures

In this paper it is shown that every finitely additive probability measure ,u on S which assigns 0 to finite sets can be given a nonstandard representation using the counting measure for some *-finite subset F of *S. Moreover, if ,u is countably additive, then F can be chosen so that f f d (=is I F *f (p)) for every I- integrable function f. An application is given of such representations. Also, a simple nonstandard method for constructing invariant measures is presented.
Article title : To work or not to work ? Immigrant women and work between constraints and opportunities : a comparison between Lombardy and Cataluña

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The implementation of internal communication system as a way to company efficiency

The paper focuses on the management of internal communication inasmuch it can influence company efficiency and competitiveness in the current global business market. The implementation of internal communication strategies can be a way to enhance company efficiency and it can also increase and support engagement of employees in everyday company operations and connect the employees expectations and increase their morale. On the other hand, inefficient communication is a stress factor paralysing the key functions in a company structure and its strategy. The conducted research has proved the crucial role of internal communication in producing superior financial results and the implementation of internal communication into strategic management is considered to be a necessary condition for efficient internal communication in any company operating in the global market. The implementation of internal communication into strategic management of the company means accepting the importance of staff as communicators and partners and thus seeing them as the most important asset for the company. The conducted research carried out in 252 companies operating in the Czech market has shown that strategic and systematic internal communication is important for the company profitability and its competitiveness. Small companies do not focus on internal communication as such and solve the communication issues intuitively and ad hoc, however, it is important to set certain strategies of internal communication into a company management so that the problems of insufficient communication are eliminated as much as possible. The research has proved that in the companies which systematically manage their internal communication the efficiency evaluation of the internal communication is significantly higher than in the ones which do not manage their internal communication systematically, and in the companies which include internal communication in their strategic management the evaluation of efficiency of internal communication is significantly higher than in other companies.
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Brazilian coach-athlete relationship questionnaire (CART-Q) - Athlete Version Adaptação transcultural e propriedades psicométricas do questionário de relacionamento treinador-atleta brasileiro (CART-Q) - Versão atleta

3,5 Abstract - The aim of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) - Athlete Version. For this, three studies were performed. In the first, four translators and five experts in Sport Psychology adapted the CART-Q contents to the Brazilian context. In the second, 364 athletes of individual and collective sports answered the adapted version of CART-Q. In the third, an independent sample of 185 athletes answered the CART-Q and the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) to analyze the external validity of the instrument; and 50 athletes answered the CART-Q in two distinct moments for the analysis of the temporal stability. Study 1 showed that the Portuguese version contains clear and relevant questions (CVC> 0.80). Study 2 showed that the CART-Q presents satisfactory internal consistency (α> 0.70 / CC> 0.70). The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model with 11 items showed good fit (X 2 /gl = 3.03; CFI = 0.96, GFI = 0.94; TLI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.08) and also the existence of the second-order model. Study 3 showed the external (r> 0.40 with variable task orientation) and internal validity (CFA with an independent sample) and temporal stability (ICC> 0.70). It was concluded that the Brazilian version for of CART-Q proved to be valid to evaluate the perception of athletes about their relationship with the coach in the Brazilian sports context.
Dynamical evolution of star-forming regions - II. Basic kinematics

We follow the dynamical evolution of young star-forming regions with a wide range of initial conditions and examine how the radial velocity dispersion, $\sigma$, evolves over time. We compare this velocity dispersion to the theoretically expected value for the velocity dispersion if a region were in virial equilibrium, $\sigma_{\rm vir}$ and thus assess the virial state ($\sigma / \sigma_{\rm vir}$) of these systems. We find that in regions that are initially subvirial, or in global virial equilibrium but subvirial on local scales, the system relaxes to virial equilibrium within several million years, or roughly 25 - 50 crossing times, according to the measured virial ratio. However, the measured velocity dispersion, $\sigma$, appears to be a bad diagnostic of the current virial state of these systems as it suggests that they become supervirial when compared to the velocity dispersion estimated from the virial mass, $\sigma_{\rm vir}$. We suggest that this discrepancy is caused by the fact that the regions are never fully relaxed, and that the early non-equilibrium evolution is imprinted in the one-dimensional velocity dispersion at these early epochs. If measured early enough ($<$2 Myr in our simulations, or $\sim$20 crossing times), the velocity dispersion can be used to determine whether a region was highly supervirial at birth without the risk of degeneracy. We show that combining $\sigma$, or the ratio of $\sigma$ to the interquartile range (IQR) dispersion, with measures of spatial structure, places stronger constraints on the dynamical history of a region than using the velocity dispersion in isolation.
BOUNDARY EXTENSION AS A NEW GESTALT PRINCIPLE

Gestalt principles of perceptual grouping have been suggested to reflect dynamic aspects of mental representation. Boundary extension, in which stimuli likely to have been present just beyond the boundaries of a previously viewed scene are remembered as having been included within that viewed scene, has also been suggested to reflect dynamic aspects of mental representation. Other similarities of Gestalt principles of perceptual grouping and boundary extension include (a) displacement in remembered location, (b) reflection of environmental regularities, (c) a basis in isomorphism, (d) decreases in amount of information processed, (e) dependence on surrounding context, (f) interpretation as a laboratory-based illusion or as a successful adaptation, (g) reflection of general rather than domain-specific principles, and (h) automatic application even in observers instructed about the phenomenon and asked to guard against it. It is suggested that boundary extension might be an example of a new class of Gestalt principle related to properties of scenes rather than to properties of objects.
Glaciological characteristics of Institute Ice Stream using remote sensing

We assess the ice flow of Institute Ice Stream (IIS; 81.5°S, 75°W) and the adjacent Ronne Ice Shelf using satellite images and geophysical parameters from recent continent-wide compilations. Landsat image pairs from the 1980s and 1990s are used to determine ice velocity. Peak speed is 398 ± 10 m a−1. Several mappings using images spanning an eleven-year period indicate this speed and the pattern of ice flow throughout the mapped portion of the stream is constant to within ± 20 m a−1. Combining catchment extent (141 700 km2) with surface accumulation, mass input to IIS is 25.1 ± 2 Gt a−1. Mean ice thickness across the grounding line is 1177 m. Mass flux to the Ronne Ice Shelf, determined from these values and our velocity profile, is 22.7 ± 2 Gt a−1. Topographic mapping using photoclinometry, coupled with ice thickness and ice velocity, permits an assessment of driving force versus flow speed. This indicates wide variations in basal resistance. Despite evidence of present-day near-balance and constant speed in the ice stream trunk, a recent change in outflow is implied by folding of shelf streaklines near Korff Ice Rise. This may be a result of changing shelf thickness or erosion of Doake Ice Rumples.
First Results From Sonification and Exploratory Citizen Science of Magnetospheric ULF Waves: Long‐Lasting Decreasing‐Frequency Poloidal Field Line Resonances Following Geomagnetic Storms

Magnetospheric ultralow‐frequency (ULF) waves contribute to space weather in the solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere system. The monitoring of these waves by space‐ and ground‐based instruments, however, produces big data, which are difficult to navigate, mine, and analyze effectively. We present sonification, the process of converting an oscillatory time series into audible sound, and citizen science, where members of the public contribute to scientific investigations, as a means to potentially help tackle these issues. Magnetometer data in the ULF range at geostationary orbit have been sonified and released to London high schools as part of exploratory projects. While this approach reduces the overall likelihood of useful results from any particular group of citizen scientists compared to typical citizen science projects, it promotes independent learning and problem solving by all participants and can result in a small number of unexpected research outcomes. We present one such example, a case study identified by a group of students of decreasing‐frequency poloidal field line resonances over multiple days found to occur during the recovery phase of a coronal mass ejection‐driven geomagnetic storm. Simultaneous plasma density measurements show that the decreasing frequencies were due to the refilling of the plasmasphere following the storm. The waves were likely generated by internal plasma processes. Further exploration of the audio revealed many similar events following other major storms; thus, they are much more common than previously thought. We therefore highlight the potential of sonification and exploratory citizen science in addressing some of the challenges facing ULF wave research.
Beyond the classic thermoneutral zone : including thermal comfort

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A THREE-DIMENSIONAL VIEW OF THE REMNANT OF NOVA PERSEI 1901 (GK Per)

We present a kinematical study of the optical ejecta of GK Per. It is based on proper-motion measurements of 282 knots from ∼20 images spanning 25 years. Doppler shifts are also computed for 217 knots. The combination of proper motions and radial velocities allows a unique three-dimensional view of the ejecta to be obtained. The main results are as follows: (1) the outflow is a thick shell in which knots expand with a significant range of velocities, mostly between 600 and 1000 km s−1, (2) kinematical ages indicate that knots have suffered only a modest deceleration since their ejection a century ago, (3) no evidence for anisotropy in the expansion rate is found, (4) velocity vectors are generally aligned along the radial direction, but a symmetric pattern of non-radial velocities is also observed at specific directions, and (5) the total Hα+[N ii] flux has been linearly decreasing at a rate of 2.6% per year in the past decade. The eastern nebular side is fading at a slower rate than the western side. Some of the knots were displayed a rapid change of brightness during the 2004–2011 period. Over a longer timescale, a progressive circularization and homogenization of the nebula are taking place; (6) a kinematic distance of 400 ± 30 pc is determined. These results raise some problems with the previous interpretations of the evolution of GK Per. In particular, the idea of a strong interaction of the outflow with the surrounding medium in the southwest quadrant is not supported by our data.
Scene-setting and reference introduction in sign and spoken languages. What does modality tell us

Previous studies show that children do not become adult-like in learning to set the scene and introduce referents in their narrations until 9 years of age and even beyond. However, they investigated spoken languages, thus we do not much about how these skills are acquired in sign languages, where events are expressed in visually similar ways to the real world events, unlike in spoken languages. The results of the current study demonstrate that deaf children (3;5 9;10 years) acquiring Turkish Sign Language, and hearing children (3;8 9;11 years) acquiring spoken Turkish both acquire scenesetting and referent introduction skills at similar ages. Thus the modality of the language being acquired does not have facilitating or hindering affects in the development of these skills.
Doctors’ views of working conditions in rural hospitals in the Western Cape.

ABSTRACTThere has been a lively debate in the media about working conditions in rural South African hospitals, with a particular focus on staffing and quality of care. From a medical perspective, it has been stated that poorly equipped and managed hospitals, inappropriate training and an excessive workload are significant contributors to the problem. This study was conducted to investigate the experiences of medical practitioners in performing their professional duties in rural district hospitals in the Western Cape. Twenty in-depth, free-attitude interviews were conducted.Three major themes became apparent from the data, namely the importance of situational factors, knowledge and skills, and support structures. Two conceptual frameworks emerged from the themes that describe the impact of working conditions on the quality of care, and captured positive and negative factors influencing performance. This study provides evidence that substantial after-hour duties, an excessive workload and a perceived lack o.
Examining the 'Family Effect' on Firm Performance

The purpose of this article is to provide an explanation for the contradictory evidence in the literature regarding the performance of family-owned firms. The article suggests that most of the research fails to clearly describe the “family effect” on organizational performance. The “family effect,” based on agency theory and the resource-based view of the firm, is described and propositions are generated that examine the relationship between families and organizational performance. Implications for theory and research are also discussed.
Title Significance of serum β-d-glucan levels in recipients of living donor livertransplantation

Background/Purpose: Early identification and treatment of fungal infections is essential for recipients of liver transplants, but the sensitivity of surveillance culture is insufficient. Measurement of the serum level of β-D-glucan is a rapid diagnostic strategy for invasive fungal infection. We aimed to evaluate the significance of serum β-D-glucan levels in transplant recipients after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory data of 100 consecutive adult transplant recipients after LDLT performed between August 1997 and August 2009. Results: 71 had high serum β-D-glucan levels (>20 pg/ml) after LDLT. Nearly half (47.2%) of the episodes of increase occurred within the first 5 days after surgery. The mortality rate of the recipients with high serum β-D-glucan levels was similar to that of the recipients without high levels. However, in terms of the time line of increase, the recipients with high serum β-D-glucan levels from 15 days onward after surgery showed a significantly higher mortality rate than those with high levels before 15 days after surgery (33.3% and 4.3%, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusions: High serum levels of β-D-glucan at late time points after LDLT indicate established fungal infection and higher mortality.
Testing Methods: The Evaluation of Discovery Operations in Evolutionary Biology

Scientific discovery requires both abstract, theoretically defined concepts and discovery operations formed by sets of rules that permit the empirical detection of instances of those concepts. In this paper, I examine the ontological status of discovery operations and the tests employed to evaluate them in evolutionary biology. Attention is drawn to the distinction between nomothetic (universal, predictive) and ideographic (historical, retrodictive) discovery operations, and between complementary and exclusive discovery operations. Three types of tests of discovery operations are commonly employed in evolutionary biology. Theoretical tests aim to show that a discovery operation is inconsistent with accepted, well‐corroborated, empirical theories. Empirical tests evaluate the performance of competing discovery operations in terms of their results when applied to the same empirical data sets. Philosophical tests aim to show that an operation is inconsistent with logical and epistemological principles. Appropriately designed theoretical and philosophical tests of ideographic discovery operations may be scientifically valid. Empirical tests, however, are incapable of evaluating the scientific merits of competing discovery operations. Nonetheless, empirical comparisons (not tests) of competing discovery operations may provide insight into the ways discovery operations may be misleading and therefore may play an important role in stimulating critical debate and eventually establishing a scientifically optimal operation. In practice, theoretical and philosophical tests are often combined to test competing discovery operations as rigorously as possible.