Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPARING SIMULATED RESULTS AND ACTUAL BATTLE EVENTS FROM 1944 – A case study using Sandis software

We used Sandis simulation tool to study a historical battle of Loimola in summer 1944. The first goal was to study war history and address a novel method in Finnish environment. The second goal is to publish the methods used in military analysis. Instead of the classified questions and scenarios in modern Finnish defense, the battle of Loimola 27th July 1944 was used to get a public example of the analysis method. As a third goal, this simulation is an example of the tens of historical simulation studies needed to validate simulation software. Sandis simulation tool has been used for cost-effect and tactical analysis in Finnish defense forces. With Sandis the human operator is responsible for tactical decisions during the scenario building phase. During the calculation phase the computer calculates the combat losses, platoon/squad states (operational, defeated or destroyed), ammunition consumption and also other values not used in this study. During the analysis phase, charts, tables and killer-victim scoreboards are created. Our case study focuses on the day of 27th July 1944, when the Soviets assaulted the Finnish defense lines near Lake Suovajarvi. The unit hierarchies, weapons, weapon parameters, positions and movements of the units were set as input. The results match the historical events: the Finnish losses were 30 according to the literature; simulated loss distribution (95%) was between 25 and 44, mean 35. In the simulations the attacking units are defeated and stopped as in literature. The ratio of losses caused by artillery and light infantry weapons did not conflict the values from larger area available from the literature. Thus in this case study, Sandis performed well. In future work, different historical battles could be simulated in order to get better insight of our history and key issues of war, helping to improve our future defense.
Ecological interactions between Lygus (Hemiptera: Miridae) and their nymphal parasitoids Peristenus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in southern Alberta

This chapter describes the seasonal variation in species composition of Peristenus species, and levels of parasitism of Lygus bug nymphs in southern Alberta. Plants sampled include alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), and stands of different weed species, and grasses commonly found on crop field edges. Parasitism varied by year, site of collection, and host-plant species. Three native Peristenus species (P. braunae, P. carcamoi and P. broadbenti) were recorded over the years. Peristenus carcamoi and P. broadbenti differed in developmental time under laboratory conditions. Degree-days for field-collected individuals suggested a sequential occurrence during the growing season. Peristenus braunae appears early in the season, followed by P. carcamoi, and later on P. broadbenti. Studies of species composition and phenology of native parasitoids of insect pests provide valuable baseline information when considering introduction of exotic agents. It also contributes to the management and improvement of natural enemies in agricultural systems.
Perceptions of adolescent women regarding gender diferences: a descriptive study

Aims: To understand the perceptions and meanings of being an adolescent woman in our society and to reflect upon the sociocultural construction of these women. Method: This is a field descriptive study, in which a qualitative approach was used, carried out in a public school in Rio Grande do Sul. Nine adolescent women participated in the study. Data collection occurred in June and July 2012 by means of focus groups. For data analysis we used thematic analysis. Result: Relations that teenagers have about sexuality, their condition as women, and the treatment they receive from family and society have emerged. Discussion: Great influence of gender on sexuality was found, and it was confirmed that adolescents bring their practices based on their socio-cultural backgrounds and relationships with regard to gender inequality, prejudice and social hierarchy. Conclusion: It is important for nurses to know the meanings attributed by adolescents to issues such as gender and sexuality, so that nurses can contribute to effective and contextualized strategies.
Numerical computation and optimization design of pantograph aerodynamic noise

Firstly, the aerodynamic resistance and lift of the pantograph are computed in this paper, which is compared with the experimental results. As shown from the result, the above proposed simulation method is very reliable. Secondly, the velocity field and vorticity distribution of the pantograph are computed under the effect of the fluid. It is presented from the result that the values of the pantograph head, push rod and base are relatively large, mainly because rather prominent structures and more parts in these areas have some interference on the flow field. Next, the sound source intensity and sound field distribution are computed based on the aerodynamic characteristics. There are the relatively large values in the pantograph head, push rod and base, which is consistent with the aerodynamic characteristics results of the pantograph. In addition, the sound source intensity and sound field of the pantographs are decreased gradually along with the increasing frequency. Finally, cylindrical rod in the pantograph head and push rod which affect the sound field quite largely are applied a layer of porous sound absorption material. In addition, base surface is also applied this material. Then, the corresponding sound source intensity and sound field are computed and compared with the original values. It is shown from the computational result that the pantograph aerodynamic noise can be effectively improved by applying a layer of porous sound absorption material.
Role of CA 3 theta-modulated interneurons during the transition to spontaneous seizures Abbreviated title : Theta-modulated interneurons and seizures

Multiple studies have observed heterogeneous neuronal firing patterns as a local network transitions to spontaneous seizures. We demonstrated that separately examining interneurons and pyramidal cells during this transition in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy elucidates some of this heterogeneity. Recently, it was demonstrated that classifying cells into specific theta-related subtypes further clarified the heterogeneity. Moreover, changes in neuronal synchrony with the local field potential were identified and determined to be specific to interneurons during the transition to seizures. To extend our understanding of the chronic changes in epileptic networks, we examined field potentials and single neuron activity in the CA3 hippocampus of pilocarpine-treated rats during interictal periods and compared these to neuronal activity in healthy controls and during preictal periods. Neurons were classified into theta-subtypes based on changes in firing patterns during theta periods. As previously reported, we find a high probability of theta oscillations before seizure onset and a selective increase in theta-on interneuron firing rate immediately preceding seizure onset. However, we also find overall slower theta rhythm and a general decrease in subtype-specific firing during interictal periods compared to that in control animals. The decrease in subtype specific interneuron activity is accompanied by increases in synchrony. Exceptionally, theta-on interneurons, that selectively increase their firing rate at seizure onset, maintain similar firing rates and synchrony as controls during interictal period. These data suggest that increased synchrony during interictal periods may compensate for low firing rates creating instability during theta that is prone to seizure initiation via a transition to hyper-synchronous activation of theta-on interneurons. AC C EP TE D M AN U SC R IP T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2
Clinical Practical Guidelines : Vascular diseases of the liver q European Association for the Study of the Liver ⇑

Vascular disorders of the liver, although affecting less than 5/10,000 patients, collectively account for a number of rare conditions that represent an important health problem worldwide in the field of liver diseases. A common characteristic of most of these disorders is that they can cause non-cirrhotic portal hypertension with an ensuing high morbidity and mortality. In addition, special relevance addresses the fact that patients are usually young with an otherwise normal life expectancy that may be markedly shortened if they are not adequately managed. Advances in the knowledge of vascular liver disorders are hampered by the small number of cases and a limited number of studies assessing natural history, pathophysiology or therapy. However, in recent years, interest for these disorders has increased as reflected in the rise in the number of publications on this topic. In addition, EASL has encouraged this increased interest by sponsoring a monothematic conference in June 2012 in Tallinn on vascular disorders of the liver, and by proposing an EASL clinical practice guidelines on the issue. These guidelines will not cover all possible vascular disorders of the liver but are mainly based on the subjects discussed during the monothematic conference; Budd-Chiari syndrome, non-cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis, idiopathic portal hypertension, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, hepatic vascular malformations in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia and portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis. Guidelines have been written according to published studies retrieved from Pubmed. The evidence and recommendations have been graded according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The strength of evidence has been classified into three levels: high (A), moderate (B) or low quality (C), while the grade of recommendation in two levels: strong (1) or weak (2) (Table 1). The higher the quality of the evidence, the more likely a strong recommendation is warranted. Where no clear evidence existed, recommendations were based on agreed opinions of the writing committee members.
A new compact neuron-bipolar junction transistor (/spl nu/BJT) cellular neural network (CNN) structure with programmable large neighborhood symmetric templates for image processing

Based on the basic device physics of the neuron-bipolar junction transistor (/spl nu/BJT), a new compact cellular neural network (CNN) structure called the /spl nu/BJT CNN is proposed and analyzed. In the /spl nu/BJT CNN, both /spl nu/BJT and lambda bipolar transistor realized by parasitic p-n-p BJTs in the CMOS process are used to implement the neuron whereas the coupling MOS resistors are used to realize the symmetric synapse weights among various neurons. Thus it has the advantages of small chip area and high integration capability. Moreover, the proposed symmetric /spl nu/BJT CNN can be easily designed to achieve large neighborhood without extra interconnection. By adding a metal-layer optical window to the /spl nu/BJT, the /spl nu/BJT can be served as the phototransistor, and the /spl nu/BJT CNN can receive optical images as initial state inputs or external inputs. The correct functions of the /spl nu/BJT CNNs in noise removal, hole filling, and erosion have been successfully verified in HSPICE simulation. An experimental chip containing a 32/spl times/32 /spl nu/BJT CNN and a 16 /spl times/16 /spl nu/BJT CNN with phototransistor design, has been designed and fabricated in 0.6-/spl mu/m single-poly triple-metal n-well CMOS technology. The fabricated chips have the cell state transition time of 0.8 /spl mu/s and the static power consumption of 60 /spl mu/W/cell. The area density can be as high as 1270 cells/mm/sup 2/. The measurement results have also confirmed the correct functions of the proposed /spl nu/BJT CNNs.
Is there a Difference between Knee Valgus Angles on Landing during Different Hop Tasks

Objective: A brief review of the literature to provide an overview of knee valgus angles during different hop tasks. Methods: A literature search was conducted; electronic databases used included PubMed, and SCOPUS. The inclusion criteria were English language, and publication between January 2010 and May 2015, which assessed the knee valgus angles during hop landings. The studies were evaluated by the researcher through their titles, abstract, as well as how the investigation functioned according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria of the present study. Results: A total of 2 papers were included with full-text, as various studies incorporated designs for knee valgus testing which resulted in alternate findings that could not be analysed or evaluated. Conclusion: No extensive research has been carried out over the past 5 years to evaluate knee valgus angles during hop tests. However, the current study found that the majority of the published studies during 2010 – May 2015 focused on evaluating the performance of landing tasks among participants in different sports (basketball, volleyball). Moreover, it can be concluded from the present review that there still exists failings in the evaluative results from past studies regarding the definitive comparisons between knee valgus angles upon landing, which occur through the measurement of important variables in the utilisation of 2D video analysis (i.e. when using crossover hop tests to measure knee valgus angles).
The inhibitive effect of Solanum melongena L. leaf extract on the corrosion of aluminium in tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid

The effect of Solanum melongena L. leaf extract on the corrosion of aluminium in 0.5 M H2SO4 was investigated by using the gravimetric technique. It was shown that the presence of S. melongena L. leaf extract inhibited the corrosion of aluminium in the test solutions and that the inhibition efficiency depended on the concentration of the plant extract as well as on the time of exposure of the aluminium samples in 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions containing the extract. The experimental data complied to a modified form of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the value and sign of the Gibb’s free energy of adsorption obtained suggested that inhibitor molecules have been spontaneously adsorbed onto the aluminium surface through a physical adsorption mechanism.
Sudden infant death syndrome: are we any closer to identifying which infants will be affected?

Correspondence: Michael H Malloy Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0526, USA Tel +1 409 772 2815 Email mmalloy@utmb.edu Abstract: Sudden infant death syndrome is a complex and multifactoral process. The classification and definition of the syndrome has changed over time. As knowledge in the genetics of this complex syndrome continues to advance, additional causes of vulnerability have been found, but no single cause has yet been discovered. Over the last 40 years there have also been many advances in the identification of risk factors that make a given infant more vulnerable to succumbing to sudden infant death. There have also been great strides made in decreasing the number of infant deaths from this syndrome by modification of these risk factors, most notably with the initiation of the Back to Sleep campaign. With the initiation of the Safe to Sleep campaign there is hope that sudden infant death syndrome as a component of all sudden unexpected infant deaths can be further reduced.
Thermal and metamorphic environment of subduction zone episodic tremor and slip

[1] Episodic tremor and slip (ETS) have been detected in the Cascadia and southwest Japan subduction zones, where the subducting crust is relatively warm because of the young incoming lithosphere (<20 Ma) and modest plate convergence rates (∼40–60 mm/a). In the southwest Japan subduction zone, low-frequency earthquakes occur on the plate interface at depths of 30–35 km beneath Shikoku where finite element thermal models predict temperatures of ∼425°C in the subducting oceanic crust and at depths of 30–40 km beneath the Kii Peninsula where predicted temperatures are ∼325°C. Warmer temperatures of ∼575°C are predicted at ETS depths beneath southern Vancouver Island in the Cascadia subduction zone, but here tremor also occurs within the overlying fore-arc crust where temperatures are lower. In the southwest Japan and Cascadia subduction zones, subducting oceanic crust passes through the blueschist, greenschist, and amphibolite metamorphic facies where mineral dehydration reactions are complex. The different temperatures predicted for the two subduction zones suggest that ETS does not coincide with a specific temperature or metamorphic reaction. Several lines of evidence indicate that a free H2O-rich fluid is present, at least transiently, in subducting oceanic crust and fluids released by prograde metamorphic dehydration reactions may help trigger or enable ETS within the subducting plate. Less clear is the role H2O may play in tremor observed in the Cascadia fore-arc crust where free H2O may exist locally in faults and fractures, but retrograde hydration reactions are expected to consume H2O.
2 Causes of Hypothyroidism in Infants and Children

Thyroid hormone has important physiologic functions in nearly every organ system. The critical role of thyroid hormone in growth and in physical and neurologic development lends particular importance to the prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment of hypothyroidism in infants and children. Congenital hypothyroidism is common and has potentially devastating neurologic consequences. While the approach to diagnosis and treatment of severe congenital hypothyroidism is well established, data continue to emerge about the genetic causes, clinical significance, and prognosis of the milder forms of congenital hypothyroidism that are increasingly being diagnosed by newborn screening. Similarly, the diagnosis and treatment of severe acquired hypothyroidism is straightforward and clearly of clinical benefit, but uncertainty remains about the optimal management of mild subclinical hypothyroidism. This review summarizes current knowledge of the causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of hypothyroidism in infants and children, with a focus on recent developments and areas of uncertainty in this field. Key Points Hypothyroidism in infants and children may have significant detrimental effects on health, growth, and development, but prompt diagnosis and treatment leads to excellent outcomes. Uncertainty remains about the optimal management of mild, subclinical forms of hypothyroidism in children.
Evidence of rapid population decline of the eastern quoll (Dasyurus viverrinus) in Tasmania

Australia’s mammalian fauna has suffered unparalleled extinctions and declines in recent history. Tasmania has remained largely unaffected by these losses; however, marsupial dynamics are changing rapidly and new threats are emerging. Once abundant throughout south-eastern Australia, the eastern quoll (Dasyurus viverrinus) survives only in Tasmania. Until recently, it was considered widespread and common, but it may be undergoing a rapid and severe decline. The aim of this study was to quantify changes in eastern quoll populations over recent years. Data were compiled from statewide spotlight surveys, repeated historic trapping surveys and bycatch records from non-target trapping surveys. Spotlight surveys from 150 sites across Tasmania revealed a 52% reduction in the number of eastern quoll sightings over the 10 years to 2009. Declines of 61–100% were observed in trapping surveys at three study sites compared with trapping conducted 18–31 years earlier. A reduction in trap success was recorded in five of six non-target surveys, with declines of 51–100% over 1–12 years. These results suggest that the eastern quoll can no longer be presumed secure in Tasmania. Urgent management action may be needed to ensure the future conservation of the species in its last remaining stronghold.
Chiral symmetry breaking and restoration in 
2+1
 dimensions from holography: Magnetic and inverse magnetic catalysis

We study the chiral symmetry breaking and restoration in $ (2+1) $-dimensional gauge theories from the holographic hard and softwall models. We describe the behavior of the chiral condensate in the presence of an external magnetic field for both models at finite temperature. For the hardwall model we find Magnetic Catalysis (MC) in different set ups. For the softwall model we find Inverse Magnetic Catalysis (IMC) and MC in different situations. We also find for the softwall model a crossover transition from IMC to MC at a pseudocritical magnetic field. This study also shows spontaneous symmetry breaking for both models. Interestingly, for $B=0$ in the softwall model we found a nontrivial expectation value for the chiral condensate.
Exploring Sense of Community in a University Common Book Program.

Many post-secondary common book programs purport to increase a sense of community on campus. This study explored whether a common book program at a Canadian university was able to create a sense of community among students. Results indicate that in-class discussions about the book, liking the Facebook page, attending the author lecture, and watching the author lecture on YouTube had significant impact on the sense of community among those who read the book. However, the program did not create an overall effect of a sense of community among first-year university students. Implications and recommendations for common book programs are discussed. Books bring people together: that’s the core idea of a common book program. A common book program is also referred to as a common reading program, summer reading program, or a one-book program; the idea is a group of people all reading the same book is hoped to inspire meaningful conversations and create memorable experiences (Dempsey, 2009). In common book programs at the post secondary level, first-year students usually read a common book prior to the start of the academic year, then participate in common book-related events during orientation (Ferguson, 2006; Grenier, 2007). The book may also be integrated by professors into classes, with the capstone event of the program often being a lecture given by the author of the book. Most colleges and universities cite similar goals of their common book programs for freshmen. The common Exploring Sense of Community in a University Common Book Program Kristen Ferguson | Nipissing University | kristenf@nipissingu.ca 10 | TLAR, Volume 20, Number 1