Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Significant others in substance abusers' change talk during motivational interviewing sessions in the Finnish Probation Service

Aims This article explores the meanings substance-abusing clients attach to family and friendships during motivational interviewing (MI) sessions in Probation Service. Data The analyses are based on videotaped and transcribed data consisting of 82 MI sessions. This database involves the first two counseling sessions of 41 client-counselor pairs. Sessions were videotaped in 12 Probation Service offices in Finland between 2007 and 2009. Methods The analysis relies on coding of client's change talk utterances and qualitative semiotic framework. Results The meanings of the significant others were diverse from the point of view of the client's motivation: family appeared as a support for change, an aspiration, a sufferer, or an obstacle to change; and friendship appeared as an obstacle to change, a surmounted obstacle, a cause to change, or a support to change. Conclusions Significant others and their quality are important and diverse factors that promote or hinder change in substance abuser' change talk. Thus, it is suggested that the meaning of significant others should not be overlooked in MI and other substance abuse treatment.
Reconstructing changes in the genotype, phenotype, and climatic niche of an introduced species

An introduced species must contend with enormous environmental variation in its introduced range. In this study, we use niche models and ordination analyses to reconstruct changes in genotype, phenotype, and climatic niche of Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense, which is regarded as one of the world's most threatening invasive plants. In the United States, Johnsongrass has rapidly evolved within- and among-population genetic diversity; our results show that genetic differentiation in expanding Johnsongrass populations has resulted in phenotypic variation that is consistent with habitat and climatic variation encountered during its expansion. Moreover, Johnsongrass expanded from agricultural to non-agricultural habitat, and now, despite occupying overlapping ranges, extant agricultural and non-agricultural populations are genetically and phenotypically distinct and manifest different plastic responses when encountering environmental variation. Non-agricultural accessions are broadly distributed in climatic and geographic space and their fitness traits demonstrate plastic responses to common garden conditions that are consistent with local specialization. In contrast, agricultural accessions demonstrate ‘general purpose’ plastic responses and have more restricted climatic niches and geographic distributions. They also grow much larger than non-agricultural accessions. If these differences are adaptive, our results suggest that adaptation to local habitat variation plays a crucial role in the ecology of this invader. Further, its success relates to its ability to succeed on dual fronts, by responding simultaneously to habitat and climate variability and by capitalizing on differential responses to these factors during its range expansion.
Challenges in collaborative writing: addressing authorship attribution

Purpose – Increasing pressure to enhance research coupled with a desire for a broadening of academic input, are prompting greater levels of collaboration. Research collaboration can generate notable benefits but can also pose a variety of challenges. The purpose of this paper is to explore the reasons, facilitators, benefits and challenges of academic collaboration. It also provides suggestions to manage identifiable risks and enhance team dynamics.Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual paper exploring prior literature in relation to the contentious points of research collaboration, particularly in regard to authorship attribution.Findings – The authors present two checklists that researchers can utilise to ensure the successful completion of collaborative projects. The checklists incorporate the main factors required for effective collaborative work and research, and form a foundation for discussion among team members.Originality/value – The paper draws upon experiences, observations, academi.
A quantitative study of history in the english short-title catalogue (ESTC), 1470-1800

This article analyses the publication trends of history in early modern Britain and North-America, 1470-1800, based on the English Short-Title Catalogue (ESTC) data. Its most important contribution is a demonstration how digitized library catalogues can become a crucial tool for scholarship and part of reproducible research. The article also suggests a novel way how to make a quantitative analysis of a particular trend in book production, namely publishing of history. This study is also our first experiment with the analysis of paper consumption in early modern book production. It demonstrates in practice the importance of open science principles for library and information science. The article studies three main research questions: 1) who wrote history 2) where was history published, and 3) how did publishing of history change over time in early modern Britain and North America. As the main findings, we demonstrate that the average book size for history publications becomes smaller over time and that the octavo-sized book is the rising vehicle of history in the eighteenth century that tells us factually about widening audiences. The article will also compare different aspects of most popular authors on history such as Edmund Burke and David Hume. While focusing on history publishing, these findings may reflect more widespread trends in publication in the early modern era, and this article illustrates how some of the key questions in this field can be assessed by statistical analysis of large-scale bibliographic data collections.
Animal effects on ileal amino acid digestibility

Several animal factors may influence the degree to which pigs will digest dietary proteins prior to the distal ileum. The age of the animal clearly is important for protein digestibility in early life, but in pigs heavier than 60 kg, there is no evidence that body weight or age influences the digestibility of dietary proteins and the absorption of amino acids. Likewise, the amounts of non-specific endogenous amino acids lost at the distal ileum per kg dry matter intake may change in early life, but provided that feed intake is constant, these losses are not influenced by body weight in pigs heavier than 60 kg. The physiological status of the pig does not influence the endogenous losses either. There is, however, clear evidence that the calculated digestibility coefficients of amino acids are influenced by the feed intake of the animals. Because the nonspecific endogenous amino acid losses per kg of dry matter intake decreases as feed intake is increased, apparent ileal digestibility coefficients increases as feed intake is increased from very low levels to a level that is close to two times the maintenance energy requirement. Further increases in feed intake are not associated with any measurable change in the apparent ileal digestiblity coefficients. On the other hand, standardized ileal digestibility coefficients are linearly reduced as feed intake is increased reflecting the fact that pigs do reduce the efficiency of digesting dietary proteins as feed intake increases. Because the non-specific endogenous losses of amino acids influences the calculated apparent ileal digestibility coefficients, the factors that causes changes in endogenous losses are also important for determining digestibility coefficients
DCASE2017 Challenge Setup: Tasks, Datasets and Baseline System

DCASE 2017 Challenge consists of four tasks: acoustic scene classification , detection of rare sound events, sound event detection in real-life audio, and large-scale weakly supervised sound event detection for smart cars. This paper presents the setup of these tasks: task definition, dataset, experimental setup, and baseline system results on the development dataset. The baseline systems for all tasks rely on the same implementation using multilayer perceptron and log mel-energies, but differ in the structure of the output layer and the decision making process, as well as the evaluation of system output using task specific metrics.
Activity Schedules, Computer Technology, and Teaching Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

A review of selected literature suggests that integrating multimedia computer supports With activity schedules can be an effective Way to teach students to manage their Work, play, and skill-building activities independently. Activity schedules originally Were a means of promoting independent execution of previously learned responses by using pictures and Words in notebooks or lists to cue a student's performance of a sequence of activities. As activity schedules subsequently became more technologically elaborate, they also evolved as a means of expanding existing repertoires. Preliminary studies illustrate how activity schedules delivered on the computer may engender new learning via the videos, sounds, dialogue, images, and words employed as instructional stimuli. For the researcher, the blend of computer and notebook activity schedules provides a frameWork for studies on teaching play, socialization, and communication. For the practitioner, use of activity schedules addresses pressing needs to teach generative and functional skills.
The role of pheromones in crayfish mating behavior: Responses of virgin and non-virgin females to conspecific chemical cues

In this project, completed in conjunction with Worcester Polytechnic Institutes Biology department, we tested the hypothesis that virgin Orconectes virilis female crayfish would be attracted to water conditioned with male pheromones. We also hypothesized that the non-virgin females would not be attracted to the male conditioned water, as they had already mated that season. A y-maze was constructed and used to test the response of mated and unmated female crayfish to water conditioned by male or female conspecifics. The data showed that as predicted in our hypothesis only previously unmated females were attracted to water conditioned with male conspecifics.
Cross sections for electron collision with pyridine [C5H5N] molecule

ABSTRACT The absolute grand -total cross section (TCS) for electron scattering from pyridine, C5H5N, molecules has been measured at impact energies from 0.6 to 300 eV in the linear electron-transmission experiment. The obtained TCS energy dependence appears to be typical for targets of high electric-dipole moment; the cross section generally decreases with rising energy, except for the 3–20 eV range, where a broad enhancement peaked near 8.5 eV is clearly visible. Below 10 eV, some weak structures which can be attributed to resonant scattering processes are also discernible. The present TCS energy dependence is compared with TCS experimental data reported very recently. Comparison with TCS for benzene is also made to search how the replacement of the CH group in the benzene ring with the nitrogen atom influences the electron-scattering process. In addition, for pyridine and its halogenated derivatives: 2-chloropyridine [2-CHClN] and 2-bromopyridine [2-CHBrN], integral elastic (ECS) and ionisation (ICS) cross sections have been calculated at intermediate and high electron-impact energies within semiempirical approaches. For pyridine the sum of ECS and ICS is in reasonable agreement with the measured TCS above 40 eV. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Title Menu Costs and Dynamic Duopoly

Examining a state-dependent pricing model in the presence of menu costs and dynamic duopolistic interactions, this paper claims that the assumption regarding market structure is crucial for identifying the menu costs for price changes. Prices in a dynamic duopolistic market can be more rigid than those in more competitive markets, such as a monopolistic-competition market. Therefore, the estimates of menu costs under monopolistic competition are potentially biased upward due to the price rigidity from strategic interactions between dynamic duopolistic firms. By developing and estimating a dynamic discrete-choice model with duopoly to correct for this potential bias, this paper provides empirical evidence that dynamic strategic interactions, as well as menu costs, play an important role in explaining the observed degree of price rigidity in weekly retail prices.
Inequality Aversion Causes Equal or Unequal Division in Alternating‐Offer Bargaining

This note presents a solution to Rubinstein (1982)'s open-ended, alternating-offer bargaining problem for two equally patient bargainers that exhibit similar degrees of inequality aversion. Inequality-averse bargainers may perceive envy if being worse off and guilt if being better off, but they still reach agreement in the first period under complete information. If the perceived guilt is strong, then the inequality-averse bargainers split the bargaining surplus equally regardless of their degree of envy. If guilt is weak, then the agreed split is tilted away from the Rubinstein division towards a more unequal split. Envy and weak guilt have opposite effects on the bargaining outcome, and envy has a greater marginal impact than weak guilt. Similarly inequality-averse bargainers agree on the Rubinstein division if the strength of envy equals the discounted strength of guilt. As both bargainers sensation of inequality aversion diminishes, the bargaining outcome converges to the Rubinstein division.
Approximations and Bounds for (n, k) Fork-Join Queues: A Linear Transformation Approach

(n, k) fork-join queues are prevalent in popular distributed systems, erasure coding based cloud storages, and modern network protocols like multipath routing, estimating the sojourn time of such queues is thus critical for the performance measurement and resource plan of computer clusters. However, the estimating keeps to be a well-known open challenge for years, and only rough bounds for a limited range of load factors have been given. This paper developed a closed-form linear transformation technique for jointly-identical random variables: An order statistic can be represented by a linear combination of maxima. This brand-new technique is then used to transform the sojourn time of non-purging (n, k) fork-join queues into a linear combination of the sojourn times of basic (k, k), (k+1, k+1),. , (n, n) fork-join queues. Consequently, existing approximations for basic fork-join queues can be bridged to the approximations for non-purging (n, k) fork-join queues. The uncovered approximations are then used to improve the upper bounds for purging (n, k) fork-join queues. Simulation experiments show that this linear transformation approach is practiced well for moderate n and relatively large k.
Are We Overly Dependent on Conventional Dependency Ratios

The dependency ratio and its components have had a long and productive life. Here we show that they are no longer the most accurate way of measuring important aspects of population aging. We present ratios related to employment, standardized workers and consumers, health care costs, pension costs, and who is old. These ratios are based either on new data or on new approaches to the study of population aging and are all available on the internet. We compare forecasts of those ratios with forecasts of the dependency ratio, both based on the same UN population data. In all cases, we find that the dependency ratio and the old-age dependency ratio are poor approximations to the more up-to-date ratios. There is little need to use the dependency ratio. More accurate measures are readily available.
COLOR–MASS-TO-LIGHT-RATIO RELATIONS FOR DISK GALAXIES

We combine Spitzer 3.6 μm observations of a sample of disk galaxies spanning over 10 mag in luminosity with optical luminosities and colors to test population synthesis prescriptions for computing stellar mass. Many commonly employed models fail to provide self-consistent results: the stellar mass estimated from the luminosity in one band can differ grossly from that of another band for the same galaxy. Independent models agree closely in the optical (V band), but diverge at longer wavelengths. This effect is particularly pronounced in recent models with substantial contributions from TP-AGB stars. We provide revised color–mass-to-light ratio relations that yield self-consistent stellar masses when applied to real galaxies. The B − V color is a good indicator of the mass-to-light ratio. Some additional information is provided by V − I, but neither it nor J − Ks are particularly useful for constraining the mass-to-light ratio on their own. In the near-infrared, the mass-to-light ratio depends weakly on color, with typical values of 0.6 M☉/L☉ in the Ks band and 0.47 M☉/L☉ at 3.6 μm.
All phase-space linear bosonic channels are approximately Gaussian dilatable

We compare two sets of multimode quantum channels acting on a finite collection of harmonic oscillators: (a) the set of linear bosonic channels, whose action is described as a linear transformation at the phase space level; and (b) Gaussian dilatable channels, that admit a Stinespring dilation involving a Gaussian unitary. Our main result is that the set (a) coincides with the closure of (b) with respect to the strong operator topology. We also present an example of a channel in (a) which is not in (b), implying that taking the closure is in general necessary. This provides a complete resolution to the conjecture posed in Sabapathy and Winter (2017 Phys. Rev. A 95 062309). Our proof technique is constructive, and yields an explicit procedure to approximate a given linear bosonic channel by means of Gaussian dilations. It turns out that all linear bosonic channels can be approximated by a Gaussian dilation using an ancilla with the same number of modes as the system. We also provide an alternative dilation where the unitary is fixed in the approximating procedure. Our results apply to a wide range of physically relevant channels, including all Gaussian channels such as amplifiers, attenuators, phase conjugators, and also non-Gaussian channels such as additive noise channels and photon-added Gaussian channels. The method also provides a clear demarcation of the role of Gaussian and non-Gaussian resources in the context of linear bosonic channels. Finally, we also obtain independent proofs of classical results such as the quantum Bochner theorem, and develop some tools to deal with convergence of sequences of quantum channels on continuous variable systems that may be of independent interest.
Combination Laser Resurfacing with Facial Plastic Surgery is Superior to Lasers Alone

Introduction: This study was designed to demonstrate through validated objective wrinkle scales that the combining of facial plastic surgery with fractionated CO2 lasers in the perioperative setting is superior to CO2 laser only in the treatment of rhytidosis. Materials and Methods: Data were gathered and reviewed from 2 patient groups who were treated with either combined facial plastic surgery with fractionated CO2 lasers or laser-only therapy. Surgeries were performed by the senior author (J.E.B.) at a level 1 trauma center from July 2009 through May 2014. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were gathered for all patients and distributed in random order to a facial plastic surgeon and a dermatologist who objectively rated them. Both raters were blinded to patient data and treatment information. The study included 32 patients (30 females and 2 males). Nineteen patients received adjunctive fractionated CO2 laser resurfacing in the setting of facial plastic surgery; the second group consisting of 13 patients was treated with fractionated CO2 laser only. Surgeries performed included blepharoplasty, deep plane rhytidectomy, forehead rhytidectomy, submental liposuction, and rhinoplasty. Raters used validated scales to objectively assess the 2 patient groups. These included the Glogau, Fitzpatrick, and Modified Fitzpatrick scales. Numerical values were assigned to before and after pictures of patients in the frontal and profile views. Results: Patients treated with the combination of laser plus facial plastic surgery showed a greater decrease in wrinkles than patients treated with laser-only therapy (estimate = −0.78, P = .07) when evaluated with the Glogau scale. In addition, younger patients and patients with darker pigmentation showed a greater reduction in wrinkles compared with their counterparts (estimates negative, P values <.001). Discussion: A combined technique using facial plastic surgery in conjunction with fractional CO2 laser resurfacing is superior in treating rhytidosis in comparison to fractional CO2 laser-only treatment. This technique can be used safely in a wide range of patients and is convenient and cost-effective.
Empirical Properties of Diversion Ratios

The 2010 Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission Horizontal Merger Guidelines lay out a new standard for assessing proposed mergers in markets with differentiated products. This new standard is based on a measure of "upward pricing pressure," (UPP) and the calculation of a "gross upward pricing pressure index" (GUPPI) in turn relies on a "diversion ratio," which measures the fraction of consumers of one product that switch to another product when the price of the first product increases. One way to calculate a diversion ratio is to estimate own- and cross-price elasticities. An alternative (and more direct) way to gain insight into diversion is to exogenously remove a product from the market and observe the set of products to which consumers actually switch. In the past, economists have rarely had the ability to experiment in this way, but more recently, the growth of digital and online markets, combined with enhanced IT, has improved our ability to conduct such experiments. In this paper, we analyze the snack food market, in which mergers and acquisitions have been especially active in recent years. We exogenously remove six top-selling products (either singly or in pairs) from vending machines and analyze subsequent changes in consumers' purchasing patterns, firm profits, diversion ratios, and upward pricing pressure. Using both nonparametric analyses and structural demand estimation, we find significant diversion to remaining products. Both diversion and the implied upward pricing pressure differ significantly across manufacturers, and we identify cases in which the GUPPI would imply increased regulatory scrutiny of a proposed merger.
Extreme value distributions for dependent jointly ln,p-symmetrically distributed random variables

Abstract A measure-of-cone representation of skewed continuous ln,p-symmetric distributions, n ∈ N, p > 0, is proved following the geometric approach known for elliptically contoured distributions. On this basis, distributions of extreme values of n dependent random variables are derived if the latter follow a joint continuous ln,p-symmetric distribution. Light, heavy, and extremely far tails as well as tail indices are discussed, and new parameters of multivariate tail behavior are introduced.
THE INNER DYNAMICAL MASS ACROSS GALAXY MORPHOLOGY: A WEAK SCALING WITH TOTAL STELLAR MASS

We compile a sample of dispersion-supported and rotation-supported galaxies for which the dynamical mass enclosed at 500 pc can be measured. We find that this dynamical quantity increases only slowly with stellar mass () over ∼9 decades in baryonic mass and ∼3 in length scale, with a sudden upturn at the highest masses (Mstars ≳ 1010 M☉). This upturn occurs for the earliest types (S0 and Sa) of disk galaxies, and is consistent with the “extra” mass within 500 pc being predominantly stellar. This sudden change may be indicative of different bulge formation mechanisms between early- and late-type disks. We also compare the data to the results of recent galaxy formation simulations. These broadly track the observed trend, with some tendency to put too much mass in the inner 500 pc, depending on the details of each simulation.