Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Effects of a Structural Overview in a Hypertext

Disorientation and navigation inefficiency are the consequences of the fragmented and incoherent structure of most hypertexts. To avoid these negative effects, researchers recommend—among other things—an interface with a structural overview of the relations between sections. Some authors have found that with such an overview, information is looked up faster and remembered better. This study examined whether a structural overview also leads to a deeper understanding. Forty students read a hypertext about the effects of ultraviolet radiation in one of two presentation conditions (structural overview and list). In the list condition, the same topics were mentioned as in the overview condition, but just in the format of a list. After reading, they answered textbase questions which measured their recognition and also inference questions supposed to measure their situation model constructed from the information read. The last type of questions indicated the readers’ understanding of the text. On textbase questions, subjects with low as well as high prior knowledge scored equally well in both conditions. In contrast to our expectation, the overview did not improve the recognition of main points. However, on situation model questions low prior knowledge subjects scored significantly lower in the overview condition than in the list condition. These results supported our hypothesis that a structural overview may hinder the understanding of less knowledgeable readers, because it draws their attention to the textual macrostructure at the expense of attention to the microstructure of the text.
Infertility investigation: socio-demographic characteristics and dropouts of infertile women at Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia (FGAE)

In order to determine the proportion of primary and secondary infertility, the 1991 - 1995 medical records of clients were revised and analyzed. Three thousand three hundred and eighty women indicated their desire to undergo infertility investigations and then counselled for (Visit I), but only 2570(76%) registered for investigation. Ninety six percent of the attendants of the infertility clinic were females, and 58.1% of the registered females were less than 30 years of age and 18% above 35 years. Twenty-two (21.6%) had no formal education and 40.2% had primary education. About 38 (38.3%) had secondary school education and above. The majority of the clients were married (95.0%), housewives (70.4%), and reside in Addis Ababa (87.5%). The cumulative dropout rate was 91.9% of which 86.1% were those who were lost to follow-up. Of the physically examined (2475), 195 (7.9%) were actively censored. The largest number of the dropouts was immediately after visit three followed by visit one. This review shows that only 7% of the counselled and 9.3% of the booked completed the preliminary infertility investigation schedule. Forty-two women reported pregnancy during the process and were excluded from the dropout list. The follow-up discontinuation in respect to all selected socio-demographic variables was again indicated to be highest immediately after visit three. The investigation completion rate is shown to increase with the level of education, and among merchants and office workers. About 50% of the clients sought medical assistance after five to 10-years of infertility. Irrespective of the type, the shorter the duration of infertility, the better was the investigation completion rate. The proportion of primary to secondary infertility was about 2:3. Many infertile women who sought medical assistance failed to complete the essential preliminary investigations and were lost to follow-up. Although further study is necessary to answer why they discontinued, the socio-demographic characteristics indicate that those who are likely to be better economically are better completers of the investigations. The fact that neither the institution nor other centers can make all the essential investigations like seminal fluid analysis, HSG, diagnostic endometrial sampling, etc. in one setting with affordable fee charge may have contributed significantly to this high dropout rate. (Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 2000, 14(2): 127-134)
Deuterium and neutrophil kinetics.

To the editor: In the July 29, 2010, issue of Blood , Pillay et al presented a novel study on the kinetics of neutrophils in humans. [1][1] Their study used deuterium in heavy water to label proliferating cells in the marrow. Using a first-order model, the authors found that the neutrophil
Experience with permanent pacemaker insertion at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Objective: The aim is to determine the characteristics of patients for permanent pacemaker insertion (PPI), treatment outcome, and factors affecting the early insertion of the pacemaker. Methods: Fifty patients who had permanent pacemaker implanted (PPI) between July 2008 and June 2011 were prospectively followed-up. The patients′ demographic data, medical history, details of pacemaker hardware used, complications were collected into a proforma.The data were analyzed using the SPSS Version 17 statistical software package (SPSS, Inc. Chicago Illinois). Results: During the 3 year period, a total of 50 patients had PPI with a mean age of 66.1 years (ranged 30-88 years). Thirty-three (66%) were males 15 (30%) had hypertension as a co-morbidity, 39 (78%) had complete heart block. In 48 (96%), the cause was not known, 1 (2%) was chloroquine induced. The breakdown of the symptoms showed that syncope accounted for 21 (36.2%), dyspnea 20(34.5%) and recurrent dizziness 9 (15.5%). The pulse rate in 29 (58%) was <40/min. The mean pulse rate 39.4 min (range, 32-65), the mean pre-operation days on admission was 16.09 (ranged 2-60 days) while the mean post-operation days was 7.06 (ranged 2-14 days). The complications included lead dislodgement in 2(4%) patients, infective endocarditis in 1 (2%) and diaphragmatic pacing in 1 (2%). Two (4%) deaths were recorded. The mean survival in months was 14.9 (ranged 12-48 month) during the follow-up. Conclusion: PPI is well-acceptable in the elderly with improvement in their clinical state. However, plans should be put in place to ensure reduction in the time spent while in the hospital when trying to procure the pacemaker by creating a pacemaker bank in Hospitals that engage in pacemaker insertion in the country.
Academic offences and e-learning: individual propensities in cheating

It has been argued that the use of Information and Communications Technologies has made academic dishonesty easier but this does not necessarily mean that it is more prevalent. The study presented here investigated the attitudes to, and extent of, self-reported involvement in Internet supported dishonest academic practices. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that Internet experience, acceptability of cheating and assessment of risk predicted an individual student’s acceptance of acts such as plagiarism as a legitimate way to achieve academic goals. There was a complex interrelationship among gender, frequency of Internet usage, and maturity of students. Academic offences tended to be more acceptable to males, but also to active Internet users, who were often female: that is females who joined the Internet culture were more prone to plagiarise than their non-active peers. New undergraduates were more likely to err than students in later years of their degree. These results show that there are a number of interrelated factors impacting on individuals’ willingness to commit academic offences. The final discussion of this paper both recognises that Internet supported academic offences occur and briefly outlines some technical and non-technical responses that should be considered by faculty to ameliorate this problem.
Biological Availability of Oxytetracycline HCl Capsules: A Comparison of All Manufacturing Sources Supplying the United States Market

The equivalency of drug products is being questioned with increasing frequency. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride 250-mg capsules produced by the 11 manufacturers supplying the US market were compared in a series of two-way crossover studies with 19 to 22 subjects each. The product (original manufacturer's) associated with the most clinical experience was used as reference product. Serum concentrations of seven comparison products were more variable and markedly lower (P
Factors Influencing Happiness Index of Hospital Nurses

Purpose: This study was conducted to provide basic data on the nursing Happiness Index and identify factors influencing nurses by describing their perception of lifestyle, health behavior, nursing professionalism, Happiness Index, and turnover intention. Methods: On July 2012, 700 nurses from 10 general hospitals were surveyed, but 23 were omitted due to missing or incomplete data. The focus of this study was the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Happiness Index, consisting of 11 OECD identified topics concerning living conditions and quality of life. Data were analyzed using x 2 -tests, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with SPSS/WINdow 14.0. Results: Mean score for nurses' Happiness Index was 3.03 on a scale of 5. There were significant differences on the Happiness Index for the following: age, marriage, children, education, position, work experience, wages, number of beds, medical institution, health behavior, weight, and meal patterns. There was a positive correlation between the happiness index and nursing professionalism but a negative correlation be-tween the happiness index and turnover intention. Conclusion: Results indicate that factors influencing happiness are autonomy, sense of calling and turnover intention suggesting the need to improve nursing professionalism for a life of happiness among hospital nurses.
Lessons from bone marrow transplantation for a victim of a radiological accident with acute radiation syndrome

Unintentional acute exposure to whole body radiation has become a serious threat in recent years. Whole body irradiation leads to the acute radiation syndrome, with manifestations depending on the dose to which the patient was exposed. At high doses of radiation, a large number of cells die as a result of impairment of DNA replication owing to irreversible double-strand DNA damage. A whole body absorbed dose greater than 4–6 Gy causes severe gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage, and ultimately leads to death in most cases. Patients exposed to a total dose of ionising irradiation up to 12–14 Gy may be rescued with autologous or allogeneic stem cells, however the role of stem cell transplantation for patients exposed to higher doses of radiation is questionable and depends on the degree of damage to non-haematopoietic tissues. Here we report on a patient following an accidental exposure to whole body irradiation (estimated dose 10–20 Gy) from a γ-source in a commercial atomic reactor. The patient was tre.
Anatomical study of the three-dimensional structure of a supercharged cold eddy generated in the Kuroshio Extension

The three-dimensional structure of a supercharged cold eddy, which showed strong temperature anomaly, was continuously investigated for 83 days based on current- and pressure-equipped inverted echo sounder observations in the Kuroshio Extension region. The eddy was generated on December 9, 2004, shed from the Kuroshio approximately 30 days later, and moved out of the observation area on March 1, 2005. During the stable period, the eddy had a radius of approximately 60–80 km, a depth of approximately 3,000 m, and a westward speed of 7.4 km/d. The maximum temperature anomaly in the eddy center reached -9.1°C at 360 dbar, whereas the minimum (maximum) salinity anomaly reached -0.68 (0.20) psu at 340 (780) dbar. Under the stream function coordinate, the kinetic energy of the eddy first increased and then decreased from the center to boundary, whereas the vorticity decreased overall. Energy budget analysis showed that eddy energy mainly originated from the Kuroshio during eddy formation by advection, whereas the baroclinic conversion (BC) and barotropic conversion (BT) played a dissipative role. After the eddy had been completely separated from the Kuroshio, the mean flow energy was transferred to eddy energy through BC and BT, which further enhanced eddy potential energy and eddy kinetic energy.
Preliminary results of patient satisfaction with nutrition handouts versus dietetic consultation in oncology outpatients receiving chemotherapy

Aim: To determine patient satisfaction with nutrition interventions in outpatients receiving chemotherapy identified as at nutritional risk. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at an Australian public hospital in 61 oncology outpatients receiving chemotherapy. A simple malnutrition screening tool was used to identify nutritional risk. Patients identified as moderate risk were triaged to receive nutrition handouts on increasing energy and protein intake. Those at high risk received nutrition counselling and support by a dietitian. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a modification of a valid and reliable satisfaction with nutrition services questionnaire. Results: Sixty-one patients entered the study and one-third (20/61) were at nutritional risk. Seven patients were at high risk, and received dietetic review while 13 patients were at moderate risk and received nutrition handouts. Patients identified as at nutritional risk (n = 20) were approached to complete the satisfaction with nutrition services questionnaire. Eighteen patients completed the questionnaire (n = 7: dietetic review; and n = 11: nutrition handout). Nutrition information/advice was rated as helpful (n = 15), met patient expectations (n = 16) and overall patient satisfaction was rated highly. Patients who had received a dietitian review recorded a clinically but not statistically higher overall satisfaction with nutrition services than those patients receiving the nutrition handout. Conclusion: The high patient satisfaction helps support nutrition intervention at the chemotherapy unit. A prospective trial is required to determine the benefits of this triage and nutrition intervention on nutrition-related outcomes.
Clinical and epidemiological studies on canine hepatozoonosis in Zaria, Nigeria

A clinical and epidemiologic picture of canine hepatozoonosis is presented. Clinically the disease is characterized by a chronic debilitating course, persistent or recurrent fever unresponsive to antibiotics and the common babesiocidal agents, progressive anaemia, eosinophilia and polychromasia, and H. canis parasitaemia. H. canis was the most prevalent haematozoan parasite, affecting 22 per cent of the dogs examined; B. canis affected 11 per cent, and E. canis 5 per cent. H. canis affected all ages of dogs while B. canis and E. canis affected predominantly young dogs.
Effect of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) Powder as a Phytobiotic Growth Promoter in Commercial Broiler Chickens

A study was conducted to evaluate cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) powder as a phytobiotic alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers. A total of 210 one-day old broiler chicks (IBL 80) were randomly distributed to five treatments each with three replicates of 14 birds. The dietary treatments comprised of feeding a basal diet as a control (CON), or the basal diet supplemented with either 0.1g oxytetracycline per kg diet as negative control (OXT), or cinnamon powder at low (0.5%; CPL), medium (1.0%; CPM) and high (1.5%; CPH) levels. Body weight and feed consumed were recorded weekly and accordingly feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were calculated. At the end of 5th week, two birds per replicate were sacrificed to determine the carcass characteristics and sensory evaluation of meat. Supplementation of cinnamon at all the three levels improved (P<0.05) the BW gain in the broilers during starter and overall period, which was statistically comparable to CON and OXT groups. The best FCR was observed in CPH group followed by CPM and CPL groups during the finisher and overall period which was better (P<0.05) than the CON and OXT groups. Dietary treatments did not influence the carcass characteristics significantly. Supplementation of cinnamon powder at all the levels studied improved (P<0.05) the sensory attributes of the meat as compared to CON group meat. Highest (P<0.05) benefit: cost ratio was found in OXT and CPL groups, and it was lowest in CPM and CPH groups. From the result of present study it could be suggested that dietary inclusion of 0.5% cinnamon powder can be used as phytobiotic alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers.
Ensuring a bright future for clinical research in surgery with trainee led research networks

The publication of the ROSSINI trial is a landmark in the short history of trainee led research networks in the UK. The trainee led West Midlands Research Collaborative (WMRC), with the support of experienced senior clinicians and researchers, designed and managed all aspects of ROSSINI, while trainees were responsible for driving recruitment in the 21 participating sites. The result was a well conducted trial, …
Lectin Receptors on Human Corneal Epithelium: Visualization by Fluorescence Microscopy and Electron Microscopy

Lectin receptors on human corneal epithelium have been studied for the first time. Concanavalin A (Con A), Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Lotus tetragonolobus (LT) and Dolichos biflorus (DB) conjugated with fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) were used for fluorescence microscopy. Con A and WGA were labeled with colloidal gold, a well-defined marker, for transmission electron microscopy. These four lectins show different binding patterns: Con A and WGA mostly bind cell plasma membranes while LT and DB have an intracellular distribution. At ultrastructural level, WGA receptors are distributed on all the superficial cells while Con A receptors are distributed only on those without microvilli. The study of membrane glycoconju-gates, which are involved in many key biological functions, is important for a better understanding of the physiopathological aspects of the cornea.
Phase quality optimization in Orbital Differential SAR Interferometry with fully polarimetric data

Orbital Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) is a well-known technique to retrieve terrain deformation phenomena from wide areas with high resolution. Historically its application has been limited to single polarization SAR, mainly due to the unavailability of polarimetric data. Lately, the launch of several satellites with polarimetric capabilities, such as Radarsat-2 or TerraSAR-X, allows merging polarimetric and interferometric techniques in order to improve the results obtained in the DInSAR processing. This work will explore the existent analytical techniques in order to optimize the quality of the subsidence results. The dataset used contains 35 Fine Quad-Pol Radarsat-2 acquisitions over the city of Barcelona (Spain).
West Nile virus infection transmitted by granulocyte transfusion.

To the editor: Eleven cases of transfusion-transmitted West Nile virus (WNV) infection and associated illness have been reported from 9 blood donors since the introduction of minipool nucleic acid testing (MP-NAT) in 2003. [1][1][⇓][2]–[3][3] This number of breakthrough infections is against a
The effect of the educational system on teacher non-parental and educational perceptions in Jordan: a comparison study between pre-service and in-service teachers

This study investigates the effect of the educational system on teacher perceptions of their non-parental and educational beliefs. A 25-item questionnaire was developed by the researcher. The questionnaire was assessed by 50 pre-service teachers attending two different universities and 78 in-service teachers teaching in eight different private preschools in the governorate of Amman/Jordan. The results revealed significant differences between the in-service and pre-service teachers' authoritative non-parental and educational beliefs and a significant difference between the pre-service teachers' non-parental and educational beliefs at the Hashemite University and Jordan University. The differences in the non-parental and educational beliefs between the in-service teachers who are early childhood majors and other educational majors were insignificant. According to the findings, the researcher addresses a number of recommendations and suggestions for future research in Jordan.
Investigation of retinal blood flow in normal and glaucoma subjects by doppler fourier-domain optical coherence tomography

We present in vivo human retinal blood flow investigation using Fourier domain optical coherence tomography. A pilot study was performed to evaluate the total retinal blood flow in glaucoma patients and normal subjects. For normal people, the measured total retinal flow was between 40.8 and 52.9 μl/minute. The measured venous flow for glaucoma patients was from 23.6 to 43.11 μl/minute. The retinal flow of glaucoma patients was lower than that of normal subjects. Retinal blood flow was highly correlated with visual field parameters in glaucoma patients.
Optimal experimental designs for multilevel logistic models

When designing experiments in multilevel populations the following questions arise: what is the optimal level of randomization, and what is the optimal allocation of units? In this paper these questions will be dealt with for populations with two levels of nesting and binary outcomes. The multilevel logistic model, which is used to describe the relationship between treatment condition and outcome, is linearized. The variance of the regression coefficient associated with treatment condition in the linearized model is used to find the optimal level of randomization and the optimal allocation of units. An analytical expression for this variance can only be obtained for the first-order marginal quasi-likelihood linearization method, which is known to be biased. A simulation study shows that penalized quasi-likelihood linearization and numerical integration of the likelihood lead to conclusions about the optimal design that are similar to those from the analytical derivations for first-order marginal quasi-likelihood.