Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers on patient T cells diagnose active tuberculosis and monitor treatment response.

BACKGROUND. The identification and treatment of individuals with tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health priority. Accurate diagnosis of pulmonary active TB (ATB) disease remains challenging and relies on extensive medical evaluation and detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in the patient’s sputum. Further, the response to treatment is monitored by sputum culture conversion, which takes several weeks for results. Here, we sought to identify blood-based host biomarkers associated with ATB and hypothesized that immune activation markers on Mtb-specific CD4+ T cells would be associated with Mtb load in vivo and could thus provide a gauge of Mtb infection.
Reproductive health problems and associated risk factors in intensively managed dairy cows in Alage, Southern Ethiopia

Cross sectional study was conducted in Alage dairy farm with the objectives of determining the causes of reproductive wastages, their prevalence and the risk factors on 173 dairy cows (68 Holstein Friesian (HF) and 105 Borena breed) from November 2017 to April 2018. Additionally, a one year data, from September, 2016 to September, 2017 on a total of 172 cows were analyzed. From the one year record data, 33.72% (n=58) of the cows has showed either one or more of major reproductive health problems. In the cross sectional survey, out of the total cattle 31.79% (n=55) were found to be affected either with one or more of major reproductive health problems. The common causes of reproductive wastages identified include repeat breeder, metritis, retained fetal membrane (RFM), abortion, anoestrus, and dystocia with prevalence of 16.18, 6.36, 5.78, 4.05, 3.47 and 2.9%, respectively. The breed and body condition of cattle were found to statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of reproductive problems (p 0.05). In conclusion, there were high reproductive wastages and multiple causes leading to reproductive wastages in Alage dairy farm, which needs due attention. Appropriate strategies to improve reproductive health in farm including training of farm workers to improve heat detection and artificial insemination efficiency, and enhancement of the general health management of the cows by applying appropriate herd health programs is recommended. Identification of etiologies of infectious diseases and their potential risk factors should be further studied in dairy cows. Key words: Alage, dairy cows, reproductive health problems, risk factors.
Can the Improvements Reported by Individuals with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Following Multi-Convergent Therapy Be Sustained in the Longer-Term: A Three-Year Follow-Up Study

Results from a small study into the efficacy of a Multi-Convergent Therapy intervention for patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) had proved encouraging at the post-therapy and six-month follow-up time points. It was, however, important to re-evaluate these findings over a longer period. Eleven patients who had completed the original therapy trial responded to a follow-up call (91.7% response rate). Subjective data was returned by between 9 and 11 of the participants and 7 completed the objective measures. Participants in the current study completed a similar set of outcome measures as those used to assess treatment success previously. These data suggested that patients attending the therapy continued to show improvements in functioning, had lower levels of fatigue and disability, improved sleep quality and levels of activity and lower symptom scores at a three-year follow-up. The long-term efficacy for this treatment is suggested by these results. Multi-convergent therapy is indicated as a promising approach to the rehabilitation of CFS patients.
Potential and importance of metalloproteinases and interleukins in inflammation and metastasization in non-small cell lung cancer

It is now known that, in lung cancer, while there is a loss of the standard biomarkers, such as the EGFR or ALK rearrangements, there is also a loss of standard immune related biomarkers, such as the PD-1 and PD-L1. These findings resulted in new immunotherapies, already approved and which offer new options in the treatment of this cancer. Although the current overview is far better than decades ago, lung cancer continues to be the deadliest cancer of all. Thus, there is still a lack of biomarkers that can be used in order to revert that situation, whether through the finding of new therapeutic options or through the finding of new biomarkers which may help guide the treatment of the patient. Markers of inflammation and metastasization, such as metalloproteinases (MMPs) and its inhibitors or interleukins (ILs), may play that role as they are very important in carcinogenesis. In the cancer environment, MMPs and its inhibitors are often related to the inflammation, metastasis, angiogenesis and tumour growth. Their influence has a wide range and they can both promote or combat the development of cancer, although usually MMPs are related to bad prognosis and cancer development whereas its inhibitors are related to the opposite. Many of these have already been studied in the immune and tumour microenvironment, as is the case of MMP-2, MMP-7 or MMP-9, and the possibility for them to have a more critical role in this cancer is still being studied. Although the targeting of these biomolecules as a treatment option may not have the desired results, there is still room to study their importance in the prognosis and treatment response. As for ILs, these crucial components of the immune system response also have dual roles in lung cancer, since it is believed that not only they can enhance tumour cell recognition by effector cells, but also they can be used by the tumour in its microenvironment to edit, modulate and evade the immune system response. As it happens with the MMPs and its inhibitors, targeting these molecules or use them as therapy may not be the best option, but their potential role as prognostic biomarkers still stands.
Hubungan Kunjungan Ibu ke Posyandu dengan Jumlah Balita Bawah Garis Merah (BGM) di Desa Tente Kecamatan Woha Kabupaten Bima

Below the Red Line (BGM) toddler is a toddler whose weight is equal or below the red on a Card Towards the Healthy (KMS). Mothers who actively visit posyandu each month, then the developmental and nutritional status can be monitored by health workers through KMS that can reduce the incidence of cases of toddlers BGM. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between mother’s activeness in integrated health service with number reduction of toddler below the red line (BGM) in Tente village, Woha district, Bima regency. This research was a survey analytical, data was retrieved with crosssectional, the subjects of this study were two hundred and eighteen infants aged one to fifty-nine months. Data analyzed using chi-square test. Based on the research that has been done shows that mothers who actively visit posyandu but with BGM nutritional status of children was 34,5% while the mother is not active visit posyandu but the BGM nutritional status of children was 94,1% Based on the analysis of the research data using the chi-square test, showed that the p value = 0,000 with the significance level (alpha) of 0.05. Thus the p value is less than significant level (p less than alpha), so Ho is rejected which means that there is a correlation of mother's activeness with a reduction in the number of BGM toddler in the village Tente, Woha districk, Bima regency. Suggestions of this study are mothers are expected to be able to make the best use posyandu facilities monthly, because in addition to easy and cheap to get no-cost primary health care for their children, mother can also monitor the baby's growth and development regularly each month via KMS toddler book, so when there are problems about the baby's growth and development can be immediately addressed and assisted by health workers quickly and precisely.
Efficient machine learning using partitioned restricted Boltzmann machines

Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) are energy-based models that are used as generative learning models as well as crucial components of Deep Belief Networks (DBN). The most successful training method to date for RBMs is Contrastive Divergence. However, Contrastive Divergence is inefficient when the number of features is very high and the mixing rate of the Gibbs chain is slow. We develop a new training method that partitions a single RBM into multiple overlapping atomic RBMs. Each partition (RBM) is trained on a section of the input vector. Because it is partitioned into smaller RBMs, all available data can be used for training, and individual RBMs can be trained in parallel. Moreover, as the number of dimensions increases, the number of partitions can be increased to reduce runtime computational resource requirements significantly. All other recently developed methods for training RBMs suffer from some serious disadvantage under bounded computational resources; one is forced to either use a subsample of the whole data, run fewer iterations (early stop criterion), or both. Our PartitionedRBM method provides an innovative scheme to overcome this shortcoming. By analyzing the role of spatial locality in Deep Belief Networks (DBN), we show that spatially local information becomes diffused as the network becomes deeper. We demonstrate that deep learning based on partitioning of Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) is capable of retaining spatially local information. As a result, in addition to computational improvement, reconstruction and classification accuracy of the model is also improved using our Partitioned-RBM training method.
Effect of Ethiopian high land green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaf extract on highly active anti-retroviral therapy induced dyslipidemia in Albino Wistar rats

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is considered toxic and has other life-threatening side effects including dyslipidemia. There is no research report on the health effects of Ethiopian highland green tea. Previous work data from elsewhere suggest that lipid abnormalities are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effect of green tea (Ocimum gratissimum) hydro-ethanolic leaf extract on highly active antiretroviral therapy induced dyslipidemia in albino Wistar rats. Thirty rats of age 10 to 12 weeks and similar weights were selected and divided in to 5 groups of six rats each. Group-I (normal control group) were given distilled water, Group II were given HAART only, Groups III, IV and V were given antiretroviral therapy and 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of extract, respectively for sixty days. The dissolved crude extracts of different doses were given to rats using oral gavage. On experiment day, the rats were fasted overnight, sacrificed by cervical dislocation and blood was taken by cardiac puncture for lipid profile investigation. Lipid profile was measured spectrophotometrically using standard kits and procedures. Elevated levels of serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed in highly active antiretroviral therapy treated group. The rats that received HAART+400 mg of O. gratissimum showed a significant decrement of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05) with no alteration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The green tea leaf extract with a dose of 400 mg/kg has a good protective effect against HAART induced dyslipidemia which might be due to its antioxidant property. Key words: Highly active anti-retroviral therapy, green tea leaf extract, dyslipidemia, rats.
Prediction (or not) during language processing. A commentary on Nieuwland et al. (2017) and DeLong et al. (2005)

The extent to which language processing involves prediction of upcoming inputs remains a question of ongoing debate. One important data point comes from DeLong et al. (2005) who reported that an N400-like event-related potential correlated with a probabilistic index of upcoming input. This result is often cited as evidence for gradient probabilistic prediction of form and/or semantics, prior to the bottom-up input becoming available. However, a recent multi-lab study reports a failure to find these effects (Nieuwland et al., 2017). We review the evidence from both studies, including differences in the design and analysis approach between them. Building on over a decade of research on prediction since DeLong et al. (2005)’s original study, we also begin to spell out the computational nature of predictive processes that one might expect to correlate with ERPs that are evoked by a functional element whose form is dependent on an upcoming predicted word. For paradigms with this type of design, we propose an index of anticipatory processing, Bayesian surprise, and apply it to the updating of semantic predictions. We motivate this index both theoretically and empirically. We show that, for studies of the type discussed here, Bayesian surprise can be closely approximated by another, more easily estimated information theoretic index, the surprisal (or Shannon information) of the input. We re-analyze the data from Nieuwland and colleagues using surprisal rather than raw probabilities as an index of prediction. We find that surprisal is gradiently correlated with the amplitude of the N400, even in the data shared by Nieuwland and colleagues. Taken together, our review suggests that the evidence from both studies is compatible with anticipatory semantic processing. We do, however, emphasize the need for future studies to further clarify the nature and degree of form prediction, as well as its neural signatures, during language comprehension.
CONTENT LEARNING IN PRIMARY EDUCATION DEGREE BY MEANS OF FLIPPED CLASSROOM

Advancement of society creates the need to implement new teaching methods in accordance with new times to increase attention in students and to improve the individualization of teaching that allow to maximize class time. Flipped Classroom facilitates to change the structure of traditional classes to make student the true protagonist of the learning process. In the present study, an experimental research has been carried out with the objective of comparing the assimilation of contents between a traditional lesson with another taught with Flipped Classroom method. The sample comprised 64 students from Primary Education Degree. The control group, consisted of 35 students, received a class with traditional methodology of direct instruction and Flipped Classroom was carried out with experimental group, consisted of 29 students. Before each lesson, a pre-test was conducted to evaluate the students' knowledge about the contents. After the master's lesson, students in the control group performed the post-test to evaluate the content learned. Students in the experimental group performed the post-test after the Flipped class that the teacher directed after all the students saw the video at home. Results were analyzed using SPSS Statistics v.22 software. The statistical test applied was Student t test to compare the inter and intra groups results. This study showed that the level of knowledge increased significantly with Flipped Classroom.
Ultrasound as a method to evaluate the distribution of abdominal fat in obese prepubertal children and the relationship between abdominal fat and metabolic alterations

Abstract Objective To evaluate, using ultrasound, the distribution of abdominal fat in obese prepubertal children, as well as its possible correlation with metabolic changes due to obesity. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study of prepubescent children: 77 obese children (33 girls and 44 boys), with a mean age of 7.31 years; and 31 normal-weight children (17 girls and 14 boys), with a mean age of 7.32 years. In all of the children, abdominal wall thickness (AWT) and abdominal fat thickness (AFT) were measured by ultrasound. For the evaluation of the associated metabolic alterations, serum levels of glycemia, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin were determined. Results The obese children presented with greater abdominal fat, predominantly greater AWT, without a significant gender-related difference in AWT or AFT. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) showed a significant direct correlation with AWT and AFT. Conclusion In obese prepubertal children, the AWT, as measured by ultrasound, was shown to be more closely related to the HOMA-IR than to the lipid metabolism or glycemia.
Validation of the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) Score as an Outcome Measure by Comparison to the Revised Foot Function Index (rFFI)

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures serve as an invaluable tool in both the clinical and research setting to monitor a patient’s condition and efficacy of treatments over time. We aim to validate the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score for disorders of the lower extremity using the revised–Foot Function Index (rFFI) as a reference. The SANE score is a 1-question survey that may improve efficiency of outcome data collection in the clinical setting. Methods: Patient age, sex, visit diagnosis by ICD-10 code, SANE score, and rFFI score were collected retrospectively from 218 initial patient encounters between January 2015 through July 2017. Patients were included if they were 18 years or older and were excluded if they had incomplete SANE or rFFI data. Results of the two scores were compared using the Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients, with correlation defined as excellent (>0.7), excellent-good (0.61-0.7), good (0.4-0.6), or poor (0.2-0.39). Diagnoses were categorized into 9 subgroups that were analyzed, including forefoot, plantar fasciitis, arthritis, deformity, fracture, tendinitis, osteochondral defect (OCD) of the talus, acute soft tissue trauma, and “other. ” Results: The SANE score had good correlation with the overall rFFI score (r = 0.51, P < .01). When comparing the SANE score to the rFFI subscores, there was good correlation with pain (r = 0.42, P < .01), good correlation with stiffness (r = 0.44, P < .01), poor correlation with activity (r = 0.36, P <.01), good correlation with difficulty (r = 0.52, P < .01), and poor correlation with social issues (r = 0.39, P < .01). Subanalysis showed an excellent-good correlation between SANE and rFFI score for forefoot pathology (r = 0.67, P < .01) and plantar fasciitis (r = 0.63, P < .02), good correlation for arthritis (r = 0.49, P < .04), deformity (r = 0.60, P < .01), fracture (r = 0.50, P < .01), and tendinitis (r = 0.47, P < .02), and no significant correlation for OCD of the talus (r = 0.56, P < .15) and acute soft tissue trauma (r = 0.19, P < .32). Conclusion: The SANE score demonstrates excellent-good correlation with the rFFI for specific pathology including the forefoot and plantar fasciitis and has limited correlation with other pathology.
Sound structure and input frequency impact on noun plural acquisition: Hypotheses tested on Danish children across different data types

This study analyses the emergence of the noun plural category in typically developing Danish-speaking children from its first appearance up to the age of 10 years, focusing on the impact of sound structure and input frequency. We use a multi-method research approach comparing different data types (dictionary data, naturalistic spontaneous child language input and output, semi-naturalistic/semi-experimental data, experimental data and reported data). We define cross-linguistically three degrees of stem changes (no change, prosodic change, phonemic change), and we also define three degrees of productivity of plural markers (which combine stem change and suffix). Noun plurals emerge from an early age, typically around the second birthday, but the acquisition is still underway at the age of ten years. Plural acquisition is affected by frequency and morphophonological category. Danish children produce more correct plural stems of nouns with non-changing plural stems compared to plural nouns with stem change, and more correct plural stems of nouns with prosodic change than with phonemic change. Furthermore, they produce more correct plural suffixes of nouns with a-schwa suffix than with e-schwa and zero suffix. Danish children also produce more correct plural forms of nouns with a fully productive than a semi-productive plural marker, and more of the latter than of nouns with an unproductive plural marker. We also discuss the important role in Danish of the plural marker ø, where pl = sg.
Earned Value based Liability Calculation Algorithm for Schedule Delays in Construction Projects

Objectives: It has been observed that delays and disputes are becoming a common occurrence in Indian construction projects. The aim is to determine amongst all participants who is more responsible for delay which has affected actual progress of project during its executing phase and resulted in escalation of associated costs. Furthermore proposed work can also be used to identify the cost associated with each delay. Methods/Statistical Analysis: ICBF method forms the basis for proposed improvements to obtain more refined results to determine delay responsible party. A series of mathematical equations are synthesized for cost overrun and project performance due to ingress of delays and delay liabilities due to owner, contractor and third party respectively. Findings: It was observed that in a construction activity, a number of participants are involved. The algorithm developed, primarily provides its user with the actual amount of delay and distributes it among client, contractor and third party. Secondly it also provides cost of each delay. Application/ Improvements: The proposed research will help in resolving delay dispute claims by tabulating cost and it effect on scheduled performance. Therefore arbitrator will be able to identify which participant is more responsible for delay; hence a fair decision can be reached. An overview of cost impacts due to time overrun can be examined.
Associated Factors of Primary Enuresis Among Children and Adolescents in Amhara Region, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2016

Introduction: Primary enuresis is the most common elimination disorder in children and adolescents aged 5-17 years worldwide. It often results in psychological, social, and financial problems. This disorder is understudied in less affluent countries. Objective : This study was done to assess the prevalence and associated factors of primary enuresis in children and adolescents in Bahir-Dar Town, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods : This cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in children and adolescents from May to July 2016. A total of 1547 subjects were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using DSM-5 criteria and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: A total of 1520 participants were involved in the study with a response rate of 98.25%. The prevalence of primary enuresis was 8.6%. Age range 5-8 years [AOR=10.35, 95% CI (3.468, 30.875)], deep sleep [AOR=2.18, 95% CI (1.192, 3.983)], and conduct problems [AOR=5.98, 95% CI (3.341, 10.694)] were significantly associated with primary enuresis. Conclusions: Factors that affect primary enuresis are young age, deep sleep, snoring during sleep, sleeping more than two hours a day, and conduct problems. Therefore, special attention should be given to children and adolescents about primary enuresis prevention. Keywords : Primary enuresis; Child; Adolescent