Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sailing into the Future : A Program Evaluation of the Summer Academy to Inspire Learning

Sailing into the Future: A Program Evaluation of the Summer Academy to Inspire Learning is a statistical analysis of the SAIL program began by the economics department of the University of Oregon. This program is designed to encourage pursuit of higher education among local low-income students. The data is divided into two cohorts: a nonrandomized older cohort, and a randomized younger cohort. To perform our analysis, Propensity Score Matching (PSM) is used to create a control group. Then, OLS and probit models are used to determine whether attending the SAIL camp pushes the subjects to become college ready. For the younger cohort, an OLS regression is used to determine how SAIL affects Grade Point Averages (GPA). Our research showed that SAIL attendance, while usually positive, is not significant from zero. This study is intended to provide preliminary results of the program and lay the foundation for future research. Acknowledgments: We wish to thank Professor Bruce Blonigen for his continued advice and support with this analysis. Special thanks as well to Matt Coleman and Jennifer Robinette for their help with this project.
Do arthropod assemblages fit the grassland and savanna biomes of South Africa

The long-standing tradition of classifying South Africa's biogeographical area into biomes is commonly linked to vegetation structure and climate. Because arthropod communities are often governed by both these factors, it can be expected that arthropod communities would fit the biomes. To test this hypothesis, we considered how well arthropod species assemblages fit South Africa's grassy biomes. Arthropod assemblages were sampled from six localities across the grassland and savanna biomes by means of suction sampling, to determine whether the two biomes have distinctive arthropod assemblages. Arthropod samples of these biomes clustered separately in multidimensional scaling analyses. Within biomes, arthropod assemblages were more distinctive for savanna localities than grassland. Arthropod samples of the two biomes clustered together when trophic groups were considered separately, suggesting some similarity in functional assemblages. Dissimilarity was greatest between biomes for phytophagous and predacious trophic groups, with most pronounced differentiation between biomes at sub-escarpment localities. Our results indicate that different arthropod assemblages do fit the grassy biomes to some extent, but the pattern is not as clear as it is for plant species.
Perturbation Analysis of Spindle Speed Variation in Machine Tool Chatter

Spindle speed variation has been shown to be an effective method for chatter control. In this paper, a single-degree-of-freedom regenerative type chatter equation is treated using perturbation methods. Rather than using the time coordinate, the angle of revolution is taken as the independent coordinate for maintaining a constant delay in the equations. The spindle speed is taken to be harmonically varying about a constant mean speed. Approximate analytical solutions are sought using the method of strained parameters, a perturbation technique. The amplitude of speed fluctuations (ε) is assumed to be small, and solutions are constructed using this parameter as the perturbation parameter. The stability lobes for constant spindle speeds are calculated exactly. By using the approximate perturbation analysis, the gain in stability is calculated for variable spindle speeds. The analysis is valid for (ε) values up to 0.02 (i.e., 2% of the constant mean speed). Solutions are verified using numerical simulations of the original equation.
HOT DISKS AND DELAYED BAR FORMATION

We present observational evidence for the inhibition of bar formation in dispersion-dominated (dynamically hot) galaxies by studying the relationship between galactic structure and host galaxy kinematics in a sample of 257 galaxies between 0.1 < z ⩽ 0.84 from the All-Wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey and the Deep Extragalactic Evolutionary Probe 2 survey. We find that bars are preferentially found in galaxies that are massive and dynamically cold (rotation-dominated) and on the stellar Tully–Fisher relationship, as is the case for barred spirals in the local universe. The data provide at least one explanation for the steep (×3) decline in the overall bar fraction from z = 0 to z = 0.84 in L* and brighter disks seen in previous studies. The decline in the bar fraction at high redshift is almost exclusively in the lower mass (10 < log M*(M☉) < 11), later-type, and bluer galaxies. A proposed explanation for this “downsizing” of the bar formation/stellar structure formation is that the lower mass galaxies may not form bars because they could be dynamically hotter than more massive systems from the increased turbulence of accreting gas, elevated star formation, and/or increased interaction/merger rate at higher redshifts. The evidence presented here provides observational support for this hypothesis. However, the data also show that not every disk galaxy that is massive and cold has a stellar bar, suggesting that mass and dynamic coldness of a disk are necessary but not sufficient conditions for bar formation—a secondary process, perhaps the interaction history between the dark matter halo and the baryonic matter, may play an important role in bar formation.
Bacteria in sea ice and underlying brackish water at 54°26'5"N (Baltic Sea, Kiel Bight)

Bacterial response to the rare event of solid ice cover in the western Baltic Sea (Kiel Bight) was investigated from February to March 1996. Samples (ice cores, brine and water) were taken at a shallow, near-shore station at irregular time intervals. Bacterial abundance, biomass and production were measured in brine and the underlying water as were the concentrations of NO3, NO2, NH4, PO4 and SiO4. Vertical distributions of bacterial abundance, biomass, morphotypes and size classes and chlorophyll a and nutrients were investigated within sea ice. A bacterial growth experiment with brine bacteria was carried out to measure bacterial carbon production via total incorporation of [3H]thymidine (TTI) and [3H]leucine (TLI). During February the abundance, biomass and production of bacteria within brine exceeded values from under-ice water, whereas the opposite was observed in March. High NO3 and NH4 concentrations in ice and under-ice water of up to 112 µM and 55 µM, respectively, resulted in N:P ratios of 18 to 330. Algae and bacteria were considered to benefit from that nutrient supply. For bacteria this was supported by TTI and particularly high TLI rates during the ice situation, with TLI:TTI ratios of 25 to 213. The high TLI rates were due to a large degree of unspecific labeling by leucine and characterised the bacteria during winter 1996 as extremely active. Bacterial production (based on TTI) rose in water from 0.021 µg Cl-1 h-1 at the beginning to 0.909 µg Cl-1 h-1 at the end of the investigation, and in brine from 0.122 to 0.235 µg Cl-1 h-1. Abundance of bacteria in brine increased from 1.7 x 106 cells ml-1 initially to 2.8 x 106 cells ml-1 in March. The average cell volume of these bacteria was 0.2 µm3 whereas the bacteria in water reached only 0.08 µm3. The bacterial assemblage in the ice was dominated by large rods and in the water by small rods and cocci. Bacterivorous activity within sea ice was assumed to be reduced due to the specific vertical distribution of the different bacterial size classes. This was further supported by a good correlation between the development of the bacterial standing stock and the potential biomass, in sea ice as well as in the underlying water, calculated from generation times towards the end of the investigation. Low grazing pressure, high standing stocks of algae and sufficient substrate supply accounted for bacterial biomass within the ice and the underlying water that exceeded that from former winters by far. A comparison with Arctic and Antarctic sites demonstrated that the bacterial community within the sea ice showed many similarities to those found in sea ice of polar regions.
Methyl chloride ( CH 3 Cl ) and methyl bromide ( CH 3 Br ) emissions from economically important tropical crops

Tropical rainforests have recently been confirmed to be the largest source of methyl chloride and a missing source for methyl bromide. However, very few field studies have quantified methyl halide emissions from tropical plants. This study presents the first methyl halide emission measurements from 16 tropical crop species at the University of California, Berkeley Botanical Gardens. Leaf vial experiments qualitatively identified 15 out of the 16 species as CH3Cl emitters and 7 species as CH3Br emitters. Coffea arabica was the highest emitter for both CH3Cl and CH3Br. In addition, bag enclosure experiments were conducted on living plants to quantitatively determine net emission fluxes from C. arabica as well as a previous studied species, Angiopteris lygodiifolia. There were strong correlations between CH3Cl and CH3Br emission from both C. arabica and A. lygodiifolia, suggesting that the methyl halide productions share similar biological mechanisms in these species. Temperature observations also showed that methyl halide emissions from C. arabica strongly depended on temperature. Using the mean net emission flux, global CH3Cl emission by C. arabica was estimated to be 0.11 Tg yr, representing approximately 7.5% of the total CH3Cl emissions from tropical forests. Overall, the findings suggested that tropical crops make an important contribution to global terrestrial emissions of CH3Cl, but less so for CH3Br.
RETALIATION IN THE WORKPLACE: THE ROLES OF DISTRIBUTIVE, PROCEDURAL, AND INTERACTIONAL JUSTICE

The authors investigated the relationship between organizational justice and organizational retaliation behavior—adverse reactions to perceived unfairness by disgruntled employees toward their employer—in a sample of 240 manufacturing employees. Distributive, procedural, and interactional justice interacted to predict organizational retaliation behavior. A relation between distributive justice and retaliation was found only when there was low interactional and procedural justice. The 2-way interaction of distributive and procedural justice was observed only at a low level of interactional justice, and the 2-way interaction of distributive and interactional justice was observed only at a low level of procedural justice.
Free Vibration Analysis of Rotating Functionally-Graded Cantilever Beams

The increasing needs of the industry involved in development of components for aerospace and power sector demand the engineering community to develop new concepts and strategies to improve the functional requirements of structures and to enhance the strength of materials. This is particularly essential in the cases of rotating beams that are subjected to severe vibration under large pressure loadings, high rotating accelerations, centrifugal forces, geometric stiffening, etc. A theoretical investigation of the free vibration characteristics of rotating cantilever beams, made of a functionally-graded material (FGM) consisting of metal and alumina, is presented in this study. It was assumed that the material properties of the FGM beam were symmetric, but varied continuously in the thickness direction from the core at the mid section to the outer surfaces, according to a power-law relation. Equations of motion were derived from a modelling method, which employed the hybrid deformation variable. The natural frequencies were determined using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The effect of parameters such as the power law index, the hub radius, and the rotational speed on the natural frequencies of functionally-graded rotating cantilever beams were examined through numerical studies and then compared with the numerical results reported in earlier works.
Probing the Ionization State of the Universe at z > 6

We present high signal-to-noise ratio Keck ESI spectra of the two quasars known to have Gunn-Peterson absorption troughs, SDSS J1030+0524 (z = 6.28) and SDSS J1148+5251 (z = 6.37). The Lyα and Lyβ troughs for SDSS J1030+0524 are very black and show no evidence of any emission over a redshift interval of ∼0.2, starting at z = 6. On the other hand, SDSS J1148+5251 shows a number of emission peaks in the Lyβ Gunn-Peterson trough along with a single weak peak in the Lyα trough. The Lyα emission has corresponding Lyβ emission, suggesting that it is indeed a region of lower optical depth in the intergalactic medium at z = 6.08. The stronger Lyβ peaks in the spectrum of SDSS J1148+5251 could also conceivably be the result of "leaks" in the intergalactic medium (IGM), but we suggest instead that they are Lyα emission from an intervening galaxy at z = 4.9. This hypothesis gains credence from a strong complex of C IV absorption at the same redshift and from the detection of continuum emission in the Lyα trough at the expected brightness. If this proposal is correct, the quasar light has probably been magnified through gravitational lensing by the intervening galaxy. The Strömgren sphere observed in the absorption spectrum of SDSS J1148+5251 is significantly smaller than expected on the basis of its brightness, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the quasar is lensed. If our argument for lensing is correct, the optical depths derived from the troughs of SDSS J1148+5251 are only lower limits [albeit still quite strong, with τ(Lyα) > 16 inferred from the Lyβ trough]. The Lyβ absorption trough of SDSS J1030+0524 gives the single best measurement of the IGM transmission at z > 6, with an inferred optical depth of τ(Lyα) > 22.
Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Relation to Diarrhea and CD 4 T-cell Count among Saudi Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency

Chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) disease leads to uremia and induces a state of immunodepression. Since the immune system plays an important role in controlling parasitic diseases, so, higher frequencies of infections can be expected among CRI patients. In the present study, 33 hemodialysis diarrheic Saudi patients and 42 immunocompetent diarrheic controls were evaluated for infections with opportunistic and other associating intestinal parasites and their relevance to CD4 Tcell count and type of diarrhea. Results revealed that among hemodialysis patients, high prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Isospora belli, Cyclospora, microsporidia, G. lamblia and Blastocystis hominis (36.3, 93.9, 30.3, 100.0, 45.4 and 90.9% respectively) was detected. Polyparasitism was more frequent among hemodialysis diarrheic patients and was more closely associated with chronic diarrhea and lower CD4 T cell count in comparison to control group. These findings indicate the high susceptibility of hemodialysis patients, specifically those with low CD4 T cell count, to intestinal parasitic infections of which cryptosporidiosis is life-threatening. So, screening for such infections, should be requested from hemodialysis patients once presented with diarrhea. Keywords—Intestinal parasitic infections, hemdialysis, diarrhea, CD4 T cell count, Saudi Arabia
A pr 2 00 5 GHZ extraction yield for multipartite stabilizer states

Let |Ψ〉 be an arbitrary stabilizer state distributed between three remote parties, such that each party holds several qubits. Let S be a stabilizer group of |Ψ〉. We show that |Ψ〉 can be converted by local unitaries into a collection of singlets, GHZ states, and local one-qubit states. The numbers of singlets and GHZs are determined by dimensions of certain subgroups of S. For an arbitrary number of parties m we find a formula for the maximal number of m-partite GHZ states that can be extracted from |Ψ〉 by local unitaries. A connection with earlier introduced measures of multipartite correlations is made. An example of an undecomposable four-party stabilizer state with more than one qubit per party is given. These results are derived from a general theoretical framework that allows one to study interconversion of multipartite stabilizer states by local Clifford group operators. As a simple application, we study three-party entanglement in two-dimensional lattice models that can be exactly solved by the stabilizer formalism.
CHARACTERIZATION OF TURBULENCE FROM SUBMILLIMETER DUST EMISSION

In this paper, we use our recent technique for estimating the turbulent component of the magnetic field to derive the structure functions of the unpolarized emission as well as that of the Stokes Q and U parameters of the polarized emission. The solutions for the structure functions to 350 μm SHARP polarization data of OMC-1 allow the determination of the corresponding turbulent correlation length scales. The estimated values for these length scales are 9. ″4 ± 0. ″1, 7. ″3 ± 0. ″1, 12. ″6 ± 0. ″2 (or 20.5 ± 0.2, 16.0 ± 0.2, and 27.5 ± 0.4 mpc at 450 pc, the adopted distance for OMC-1) for the Stokes Q and U parameters, and for the unpolarized emission N, respectively. Our current results for Q and U are consistent with previous results obtained through other methods and may indicate presence of anisotropy in magnetized turbulence. We infer a weak coupling between the dust component responsible for the unpolarized emission N and the magnetic field B from the significant difference between their turbulent correlation length scales.
Oceanic migration rates of Upper Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis), determined by otolith microchemical analysis*

Oceanic incidence and spawning frequency of Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis) were estimated by using microchemical analysis of strontium in otoliths. Otoliths from 40 males and 82 females sampled from Maryland’s portion of the Chesapeake Bay were analyzed for seasonal and age-specific patterns in strontium and calcium levels. The proportion of oceanic females increased from 50% to 75% between ages seven to 13; the proportion of oceanic males increased from 20% to ~50% between ages four to 13. Contrary to an earliermodel of Chesapeake Bay striped bass migration, results indicated that a substantial number of males undertook oceanic migrations. Further, we observed no mass emigration of females from three to four years of age from the Chesapeake Bay. Seasonal patterns of estuarine habitat use were consistent with annual spawning runs by striped bass of mature age classes, but with noteworthy exceptions for newly mature females. Evidence of an early oceanic presence indicated that Chesapeake Bay yearlings move into coastal regions—a pattern observed also for Hudson River striped bass. Otolith microchemical analyses revealed two types of behaviors (estuarine and oceanic) that confirm migratory behaviors recently determined for other populations of striped bass and diadromous species (e.g., American eels [Anguilla rostrata] American shad [Alosa sapidissima] and white perch [Morone Americana]).
Smoking Status and Cognitive Function in a National Sample of Older Adults

Aims To examine the correlation between smoking status and different domains of cognitive function in elderly Americans. Methods We used data from the 2011 to 2014 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants over 60 years with available smoking history and cognitive function data were enrolled in our analysis. The NHANES study included the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) assessment, the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) to assess cognition. Multivariate regression analyses were used to estimate the association between cigarette smoking and cognitive function. Results A total of 2,932 participants were enrolled in the analysis, including 372 (12.7%) current smokers, 1,115 (38%) former smokers, and 1,445 (49.3%) never smokers. Never smokers had in average 3.82 (95% CI, 2.21 to 5.43) points more than current smokers in the DSST, whereas former smokers had 3.12 (95% CI, 1.51 to 4.73) points more than current smokers. Besides, smoking was not associated with the results of the AFT or the CERAD test. Conclusions This study suggests that cigarette smoking is associated with processing speed among the American elderly.
MASS CONSTRAINTS FROM ECLIPSE TIMING IN DOUBLE WHITE DWARF BINARIES

I demonstrate that an effect similar to the Römer delay, familiar from timing radio pulsars, should be detectable in the first eclipsing double white dwarf (WD) binary, NLTT 11748. By measuring the difference of the time between the secondary and primary eclipses from one-half period (4.6 s), one can determine the physical size of the orbit and hence constrain the masses of the individual WDs. A measurement with uncertainty <0.1 s—possible with modern large telescopes—will determine the individual masses to ±0.02 M☉ when combined with good-quality (<1 km s−1) radial velocity data, although the eccentricity must also be known to high accuracy (±10−3). Mass constraints improve as P−1/2 (where P is the orbital period), so this works best in wide binaries and should be detectable even for non-degenerate stars, but such constraints require the mass ratio to differ from 1, as well as undistorted orbits.
The association between high blood pressure , physical fi tness and fatness in adolescents Asociación entre presión arterial alta , aptitud física y obesidad en los adolescentes

Introducción: la hipertensión es un problema de la salud y es de importancia nacional. Es un factor de riesgo importante para la aparición de la aterosclerosis y enfermedades cardiovasculares, cerebrovasculares y enfermedades renales que están liderando o están entre las principales causas de mortalidad y la morbilidad como en la nuestra, también en los países más desarrollados y menos desarrollados.
ects of Ageing on Di erent Explicit and Implicit Memory Tasks

An experiment was conducted to investigate the e ect of ageing on two implicit and two explicit memory tasks. Within each memory category (implicit or explicit), the tasks di ered in their reliance on perceptual or conceptual processing. Large age-related di erences were found on the two explicit memory tasks, regardless of the perceptual± conceptual di erence. Age-related di erences were much smaller on the implicit tasks; no di erences were found on the perceptual version (word-fragment completion) but older subjects showed less priming on the conceptual version (category production). It is suggested that the dissociation between perceptual and conceptual priming re ̄ ects selective age-related impairments of di erent cortical regions.