Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tourist–resident interfaces: using reflexive photography to develop responsible rural tourism in Indonesia

This study examines how Indonesia can responsibly develop rural tourism within the tolerance range of local people, particularly for controlling their unique landscapes. It employs reflexive photography as a tool to involve residents for rural tourism development in Sambi village. Data were collected in Sambi using reflexive photography procedures, including a photo-making process and photo-interview. Twenty-eight residents were issued a single-use camera and requested to take photographs of what they deemed important to them. Cameras were provided for a two-week period followed by individual interviews; 618 useable photos were taken. They were coded into 15 topics, and then consolidated into five themes that residents wanted to share: their way of life, environmental features, built structures, people, art and ceremony, while also protecting the cemetery and mosque from tourists. Two strategies (time and space) were utilized by the residents to negotiate what they wanted to share as well as conceal. Residents view time in terms of sacred time (residents time spent alone, family time and time for religious prayer) and impartial time (devoted to working and other daily routines). A model based on four time and space zones was formulated to understand how residents control their landscapes for tourism development.
Men and psychotherapy: An investigation of alexithymia, intimacy, and masculine gender roles.

Psychological theories have long emphasized the roles of emotions in healthy functioning and in psychotherapy. However, the masculine socialization process has been hypothesized to encourage men to devalue and restrict much of their emotional experiencing (e.g., Brannon, 1976; Levant, 1992; O'Neil, 1981). This study of 208 men used two operationalizations of traditional masculine gender role socialization and found evidence that men reporting greater gender role conflict also acknowledged greater levels of alexithymia and fear of intimacy, even after controlling for socially desirable responding. Implications for psychotherapy and for future theory and research are noted.
Molecular Dissection of Native Mammalian Forebrain NMDA Receptors Containing the NR1 C2 Exon: Direct Demonstration of NMDA Receptors Comprising NR1, NR2A, and NR2B Subunits Within the Same Complex

Abstract: The subunit compositions of the NR1 C2 exon‐containing N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors of adult mammalian forebrain were determined by using a combination of immunoaffinity chromatography and immunoprecipitation studies with NMDA receptor subunit‐specific antibodies. NMDA receptors were solubilised by sodium deoxycholate, pH 9, and purified by anti‐NR1 C2 antibody affinity chromatography. The purified receptor subpopulation showed immunoreactivity with anti‐NR1 C2, anti‐NR1 N1, anti‐NR1 C2′, anti‐NR2A, and anti‐NR2B NMDA receptor antibodies. The NR1 C2‐receptor subpopulation was subjected to immunoprecipitation using anti‐NR2B antibodies and the resultant immune pellets analysed by immunoblotting where anti‐NR1 C2, anti‐NR1 C2′, anti‐NR2A, and anti‐NR2B immunoreactivities were all found. Quantification of the immunoblots showed that 46% of the NR1 C2 immunoreactivity was associated with the NR2B subunit. Of this, 87% (i.e., 40% of total) were NR1 C2/NR2B receptors and 13% (6% of total) were NR1 C2/NR2A/NR2B, thus identifying the triple combination as a minor receptor subset. These results demonstrate directly, for the first time, the coexistence of the NR2A and NR2B subunits in native NMDA receptors. They show the coexistence of two splice forms of the NR1 subunit, i.e., NR1 C2 and NR1 C2′, in native receptors and, in addition, they imply an NMDA receptor subpopulation containing four types of NMDA receptor subunit, NR1 C2, NR1 C2′, NR2A, and NR2B, which, in accord with molecular size determinations, predicts that the NMDA receptor is at least tetrameric. These results are the first quantitative study of NMDA receptor subtypes and demonstrate molecular heterogeneity for both the NR1 and the NR2 subunits in native forebrain NMDA receptors.
A Bootstrap Method for Conducting Statistical Inference with Clustered Data

U.S. state politics researchers often analyze data with observations grouped into clusters. This structure commonly produces unmodeled correlation within clusters, leading to downward bias in the standard errors of regression coefficients. Estimating robust cluster standard errors (RCSE) is a common approach to correcting this bias. However, despite their frequent use, recent work indicates that RCSE can also be biased downward. Here the author provides evidence of that bias and offers a potential solution. Through Monte Carlo simulation of an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model, the author compares conventional standard error (OLS-SE) and RCSE performance to that of a bootstrap method that resamples clusters of observations (BCSE). The author shows that both OLS-SE and RCSE are biased downward, with OLS-SE being the most biased. In contrast, BCSE are not biased and consistently outperform the other two methods. The author concludes with three replications from recent work and offers recommendations to researchers.
Beyond the Ticket and the Brand: Imagining an Accounting Research Future

This paper presents a reflective critique of the current university environment and the state of accounting research with a view to envisaging the latter’s forward trajectory, particularly in terms of emerging subject areas, theoretical perspectives and methodological traditions. It considers the contemporary fixation upon research performance indicators and warns of their associated impact on the role and orientation of academic researchers. The emergence of specialist interdisciplinary and qualitative research communities within the accounting discipline are presented as opportunities for the invigoration of the accounting project. Nonetheless, the pursuit of research esteem indicators is argued to risk disengaging researchers from policy and practice concerns. Future roles, responsibilities and intentions of scholars are visited in the light of these observations.
ImageNet Training in Minutes

In this paper, we investigate large scale computers' capability of speeding up deep neural networks (DNN) training. Our approach is to use large batch size, powered by the Layer-wise Adaptive Rate Scaling (LARS) algorithm, for efficient usage of massive computing resources. Our approach is generic, as we empirically evaluate the effectiveness on two neural networks: AlexNet and ResNet-50 trained with the ImageNet-1k dataset while preserving the state-of-the-art test accuracy. Compared to the baseline of a previous study from a group of researchers at Facebook, our approach shows higher test accuracy on batch sizes that are larger than 16K. Using 2,048 Intel Xeon Platinum 8160 processors, we reduce the 100-epoch AlexNet training time from hours to 11 minutes. With 2,048 Intel Xeon Phi 7250 Processors, we reduce the 90-epoch ResNet-50 training time from hours to 20 minutes. Our implementation is open source and has been released in the Intel distribution of Caffe v1.0. 7.
Constant Returns and Small Markups in U.S. Manufacturing

We estimate that returns to scale are close to constant in two-digit gross output data. Value-added data appear instead to give significant increasing returns. We show why, with imperfect competition, value-added estimates are in general meaningless. We use data on intermediate inputs to correct the value-added estimates, and find that returns to scale again appear close to constant. Given that profits are small, our results imply that markups of price over marginal cost are also small.
Fears and other suspected risk factors for carrying lethal weapons among urban youths of middle-school age.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the strength of a suspected causal association between fearfulness and carrying a lethal weapon among urban middle-school students, while holding constant other suspected risk factors. DESIGN A prospective study of an epidemiological sample assessed at baseline in 1992 and 1 year later, with relative risk estimates derived from the conditional form of the multiple logistic regression model used to hold constant alternative explanatory variables. SETTING An urban environment in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. PARTICIPANTS An epidemiological sample of 1131 youths enrolled in public middle schools. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Carrying a lethal weapon for protection or defense during a 1-year observation interval after the baseline assessment of fears and other suspected risk factors. RESULTS Of the 1131 youths, 194 (17%) reported carrying a lethal weapon for protection or defense during the 1-year interval of follow-up observation after baseline; 937 youths (83%) reported that they had not carried a lethal weapon for any reason. Self-reported fears, deviant peer affiliation, and worrying were associated with risk of starting to carry a weapon. For youths with the lowest worrying scores, the lowest neighborhood danger scores, and the least affiliation with deviant peers, self-reported fears were associated with risk of starting to carry a lethal weapon (relative risk estimate, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-2.52; P = .01), even after holding constant age, sex, and conduct problems. However, the fear of crowded or closed-in places and the fear of leaving home alone were more salient risk factors than the fear of using public transportation or the fear of open spaces. CONCLUSIONS In this study, youths with fears were at greater risk of carrying a lethal weapon for protection or defense, even when alternative explanatory variables were taken into account. Pending confirmation by other investigators, this new finding could point out a useful target for public health interventions to reduce the carrying of weapons and associated violence in urban America.
Superstar Effects in Deluxe Gastronomy – an Empirical Analysis of Value Creation in German Quality Restaurants

Summary We analyze whether superstar effects (disproportionate income effects) exist in the deep-pocket market for quality gastronomy in Germany, and what factors determine the stars' rents. In quality gastronomy, the stars can be the restaurant chefs. Building on Rosen's (1981) and Adler's (1985) central theories on star effects, we explore two potential sources of stardom. Following Rosen (1981), we test if quality differences between the chefs' performances have a direct effect on financial rewards (“direct superstar effect”). Following Adler (1985), we assess the income effect of a media presence of chefs (“classical Superstar effect”). Through this, we deal with an economic issue of general interest: does it pay more to develop your skills in your core business to perfection, or to maintain the current level of skills and invest in self-marketing? Analyzing a sample of 288 restaurants, for potential star effects by differences in quality, we find that higher quality increases chefs' revenues. Yet, revenues do not increase disproportionately, and achieving higher quality requires substantial investments in exquisite ingredients, excellent staff and prime ambience. This problem, also called the “agony of the stars”, has manifested itself in the bankruptcies of European three-star restaurants in recent years. As regards potential star effects by differences in media presence, we observe a positive impact of TV appearances on financial rewards. Yet, these income effects are moderate as well, so there is neither a direct, nor a classical superstar effect in quality gastronomy. We argue that although both perfection of skills and self-marketing have similarly positive income effects, self-marketing seems both the less risky and the less stressful way to enhance income.
Global Private Regimes, Domestic Public Law

Debates about the efficacy of private environmental regimes have been fueled by disparate research findings, such as when the same regime that has been effective in one setting is found to be ineffective in another. In this article, we show that the efficacy of ISO 14001, the most widely adopted voluntary environmental regime in the world, is conditioned by the stringency of countries’ domestic regulations. In doing so, we outline a model of strategic corporate environmentalism wherein firms strategically focus their International Organization for Standardization (ISO) certification to reduce emissions of visible air pollutants as opposed to less visible water pollutants. Our analyses of pollution levels for a panel of 159 countries (73 for water pollution) from 1991 to 2005 indicate that ISO 14001 certifications reduce air (SO2) emissions in countries with less stringent environmental regulations but have no effect on air emissions in countries with stringent environmental regulations. We also find that ISO membership levels are not associated with reductions in water pollution levels (Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD), irrespective of stringency of domestic law. Our article suggests that the efficacy of global private environmental regimes is likely to be conditioned by the domestic regulatory context in which firms function, and given firm’s strategic considerations, this efficacy could vary across pollution types.
Long‐term outcome of native artery versus bypass graft intervention in prior coronary artery bypass graft patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background Patients with prior coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) have a poor outcome after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Little is known about the treatment strategy and outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in these patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of graft versus native artery PCI on the outcomes of prior CABG patients with AMI. Methods Between September 2005 and October 2011, a total of 140 consecutive patients with previous CABG undergoing PCI for the treatment of AMI were included. Clinical/procedural characteristics and long‐term clinical outcomes were compared between graft and native artery PCI patients. Results The mean time interval to prior CABG was (5.6±4.2) years. Thirty patients received graft PCI, success rate being 90%. One hundred and ten patients received native artery PCI, success rate being 90.7% (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the basic characteristics between the two groups. All patients received drug eluting stents (DESs). Three patients died during hospitalization in the graft‐PCI group (10% vs. native PCI 0, P<0.05). After a median follow‐up of two years, major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, total death) were 20% with no significant difference between the two groups. Cox regression analysis showed that both diabetes mellitus (DM, HR 3.57, 95% CI 1.03‐5.75, P <0.05) and primary PCI (HR 5.932, 95% CI 1.91‐18.4, P <0.05) were independent predictors of MACE. Conclusions More patients with prior CABG underwent native artery PCI for AMI. PCI to culprit graft vessels had higher in‐hospital mortality. DM and primary PCI, but not graft PCI, were predictors for adverse long‐term outcome.
A new theoretical analysis of the debt financing decision. European evidence from industry data

The objective of this paper is to investigate the process of company´s debt accumulation in different European countries throughout the last decade. As a preliminary step to the empirical study, a new theoretical framework is proposed relative to capital structure, where the decision of going to debt does not only depend on the firm´s characteristics, but also on cultural, institutional and psychological factors. In the analysis of the debt evolution over time, we take special notice of the difference between rich and poor countries and, among the latter, we focussed our attention on the behaviour of Spain in contrast to the rest. Given that the period analysed includes the eruption of the crisis, the paper permits the observation of each country´s reaction. Some interesting conclusions have been obtained, such as the most significant increase in debt in poor countries has occurred in the second half of the decade, and that Spain and Portugal show a different performance from many others in terms of the variables analysed. Altogether, the results indicate, in our opinion, the importance of institutional and cultural characteristics as factors which explain company behaviour relative to debt.
Effects of socio-demographic variables on performance on the Cambridge neuropsychological automated tests for the assessment of dementia and Portuguese norms for older adults living in retirement homes

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of age, education, gender, computer experience, institutionalization time, and psychotropic drug use on performance on four tests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) which are recommended for the assessment of dementia (Rapid Visual Information Processing [RVP], Paired Associates Learning [PAL], Spatial Working Memory [SWM], and Reaction Time [RTI]), and to provide norms for Portuguese older persons without neuropsychiatric diagnoses who are living in retirement homes. Method: The normative sample included 128 adults aged 69–96 years who had no neuropsychiatric diagnosis and who had lived in retirement homes for 3–232 months. The CANTAB was administered, at the latest, one week after a screening session that comprised an interview and the administration of pencil-and-paper tests. Results: The simultaneous multiple linear regression models were significant (p < .05) for all tests except the RTI five-choice movement time measure. The total variance explained by the socio-demographic variables was smaller for the CANTAB measures (4–14%) than for the pencil-and-paper tests (10–33%). Significant effects involving age or gender were observed for RVP, PAL, and SWM. A marginally significant computer experience effect was found for the RTI simple movement time measure. We additionally observed significant effects of education, age, gender, and computer experience on several pencil-and-paper tests. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that different socio-demographic variables influence distinct tests and measures of the same test, and that the associations between computer experience and several pencil-and-paper tests may be mediated by possible cognitive skills developed through computer use.
The Reputational Costs of Tax Avoidance

We investigate whether firms and their top executives bear reputational costs from engaging in aggressive tax avoidance activities. Prior literature has posited that reputational costs partially explain why so many firms apparently forgo the benefits of tax avoidance, the so-called “under-sheltering puzzle. ” We employ a database of 118 firms that were subject to public scrutiny for having engaged in tax shelters, representing the largest sample of publicly identified corporate tax shelters analyzed to date. We examine the reputational costs that prior research has shown that firms and managers face in cases of alleged misconduct: increased CEO and CFO turnover, auditor turnover, lost sales, increased advertising costs, and decreased media reputation. Across a battery of tests, we find little evidence that firms or their top executives bear significant reputational costs as a result of being accused of engaging in tax shelter activities. Moreover, we find no decrease in firms’ tax avoidance activities after being accused of tax shelter activity. Finally, in tests of the capital market reaction to news of tax shelter involvement, we find that negative event-period returns fully reverse within a few weeks of the public scrutiny, consistent with a temporary market penalty to tax shelter news. In all, we conclude that there is little evidence of tax shelter usage leading to reputational costs at the firm level.
Serological examination of human herpesvirus 6 and 7 in patients with coronary artery Disease

Fifty‐three (96%) of 55 patients with coronary artery stenosis were positive for serum anti‐HHV‐6 IgG, and 50 (91%) of these patients had anti‐HHV‐7 IgG. The number of cases sero‐positive for HHV‐6 and ‐7 in the 54 age matched control volunteers was 52 (96%) and 53 (98%), respectively. No statistical difference in the sero‐prevalence of the viruses existed between the patients and the control group. The mean geometric titer (log10) of anti‐HHV‐6 IgG in both the patients and controls were the same (1.4) (P = 0.845), whereas anti‐HHV‐7 titers were 1.4 and 1.5, respectively (P = 0.161). Ten (18%) of the 55 patients had anti‐HHV‐6 IgM; eight (15%) of the 54 control volunteers were also positive (P = 0.636). Three (5%) of the 55 patients had anti‐HHV‐7 IgM, whereas 3 (6%) of the 54 control volunteers had detectable serum antibody (P = 0.691). Forty‐seven of the 55 patients were examined by follow‐up angiographic evaluation to clarify the association between viral infection and restenosis following balloon angioplasty. Fifteen of these patients developed restenosis, as determined by angiography. The mean geometric titer (log10) of anti‐HHV‐6 IgG were 1.3 and 1.4 in patients with restenosis and those without restenosis, respectively (P = 0.724). The mean geometric titer (log10) of anti‐HHV‐7 IgG in patients with restenosis was not significantly higher (1.5) than in patients without restenosis (1.3) (P = 0.099). Three (20%) of the 15 patients affected by restenosis had anti‐HHV‐6 IgM; five (16%) of the 32 control patients also had the antibody (P = 0.965). One (7%) of the 15 patients with restenosis and 2 (6%) of the 32 patients without restenosis had anti‐HHV‐7 IgM (P = 0.558). The present study demonstrates that HHV‐6 and ‐7 reactivation is not associated with the establishment of coronary artery stenosis and restenosis following balloon angioplasty. J. Med. Virol. 67:534–537, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A symptomatic approach to understanding women's health experiences: a cross-cultural comparison of women aged 20 to 70 years

Objectives:To determine patterns of symptoms across age groups, identify symptom groups associated with ovarian hormonal depletion or other variables, and develop a prediction model for each symptom. Design:This was a cross-sectional survey of 4,517 women ages 20 to 70 years recruited from market research panels in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Italy using a self-report questionnaire that included general health information and a checklist of 36 symptoms. Stepwise regression was used to determine for each symptom how prevalence varied with age, indicators of menopausal hormonal changes, and the effects of other explanatory variables, including body mass index, morbidity, and country. Hierarchical clustering was used to group symptoms. Results:Six groups of symptoms were found, of which two groups, with seven symptoms in total, were related to markers of menopausal hormonal change: a group consisting of hot flashes and night sweats and a second group including poor memory; difficulty sleeping; aches in the neck, head, and shoulders; vaginal dryness; and difficulty with sexual arousal. Physical and mental morbidity affected estimates of the prevalence of all symptoms. Psychological symptoms declined with age from a maximum prevalence before age 40. Certain physical symptoms increased with age and body mass index. Clustering identified three country groups: (1) US and UK women; (2) French and Italian women; and (3) German women. There were marked differences in prevalence between countries for certain physical and psychological symptoms. Conclusions:The seven symptoms most linked to menopausal hormonal change should form part of any future menopause symptom list. Physical and mental morbidity affect symptom prevalence and should be measured.