Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Séminaire Poincaré Granular Flows

Those who have played with sand on the beach or with sugar in their kitchen are aware that a collection of solid grains can behave macroscopically like a liquid and flow. However, the description of this peculiar fluid still represents a challenge due to the lack of constitutive laws able to describe the rich phenomenology observed. In this paper we first review the properties of dry granular flows and we present recent advances in our understanding of their rheological behavior. The success and limits of a simple visco-plastic model recently developed is presented. In a second part of the paper, we go beyond the simple and ideal situation where the material is made of grains having the same size and interacting by contact interactions only. We present studies on more complex and realistic granular medium like polydispersed media, like cohesive granular media and like granular pastes made of grains immersed in a liquid. We analyse to which extend the progress made in our description of monodispersed dry granular flows can help understanding these more complex granular media.
Banding patterns in Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes correlate with DNA‐binding protein occupancy

The most enigmatic feature of polytene chromosomes is their banding pattern, the genetic organization of which has been a very attractive puzzle for many years. Recent genome‐wide protein mapping efforts have produced a wealth of data for the chromosome proteins of Drosophila cells. Based on their specific protein composition, the chromosomes comprise two types of bands, as well as interbands. These differ in terms of time of replication and specific types of proteins. The interbands are characterized by their association with “active” chromatin proteins, nucleosome remodeling, and origin recognition complexes, and so they have three functions: acting as binding sites for RNA pol II, initiation of replication and nucleosome remodeling of short fragments of DNA. The borders and organization of the same band and interband regions are largely identical, irrespective of the cell type studied. This demonstrates that the banding pattern is a universal principle of the organization of interphase polytene and non‐polytene chromosomes.
The Neuropsychology (Broadly Conceived) of Multiple System Atrophy, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, and Corticobasal Degeneration

Objective To review the cognitive and behavioral features of the different atypical parkinsonian syndromes in which motor symptoms dominate early clinical symptomology: multiple systems atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). The impact of cognitive and behavioral deficits on quality of life, associations between neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric findings and brain imaging, and cognitive and behavioral symptom management are also discussed. Method A review of the available MSA, PSP, and CBD literature was conducted, with emphasis given to studies investigating the cognitive and behavioral features of the syndromes. Results Although the three reviewed atypical parkinsonian syndromes share many similarities to each other and PD from a neuropsychological perspective, differences in prevalence and severity of cognitive impairment and patterns of performance on neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric measures exist in the research literature. Conclusions Cognitive and behavioral features are early and pervasive aspects of MSA, PSP, and CBD.
EXPLOITING SUBTREES IN AUTO‐PARSED DATA TO IMPROVE DEPENDENCY PARSING

Dependency parsing has attracted considerable interest from researchers and developers in natural language processing. However, to obtain a high‐accuracy dependency parser, supervised techniques require a large volume of hand‐annotated data, which are extremely expensive. This paper presents a simple and effective approach for improving dependency parsing with subtrees derived from unannotated data, which are easy to obtain. First, we use a baseline parser to parse large‐scale unannotated data. Then, we extract subtrees from dependency parse trees in the auto‐parsed data. Next, the extracted subtrees are classified into several sets according to their frequency. Finally, we design new features based on the subtree sets for parsing algorithms. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we conduct experiments on the English Penn Treebank and Chinese Penn Treebank. The results show that our approach significantly outperforms baseline systems. It also achieves the best accuracy for the Chinese data and an accuracy competitive with the best known systems for the English data.
Design, Analysis, and Construction of an Equal Split Wilkinson Power Divider

DESIGN, ANALYSIS, AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN EQUAL SPLIT WILKINSON POWER DIVIDER Logan J. Berens, B.S. Marquette University, 2012 The Wilkinson power divider is a well known device in the RF/microwave community used for splitting or combining signals. It is composed of simple transmission lines and a resistor, and takes advantage of the properties of quarterwavelength transmission line sections to provide ideal power divider characteristics. Three different equal split Wilkinson power dividers are designed to operate near 1800 MHz and constructed using typical microstrip fabrication techniques. The three power dividers each feature a unique design to help determine how the microstrip layout can impact isolation and return loss. A circuit analysis of the general Wilkinson power divider schematic is performed to provide insight into the device characteristics as well as present a clear derivation of the correlating scattering matrix. A thorough comparison between the performances of each of the three different designs is conducted and the results are provided and discussed. The conclusions drawn from this investigation are that multiple Wilkinson power divider microstrip layouts can meet specific design criteria with similar results, indicating the robustness of the Wilkinson design. In particular and contrary to what is typically claimed within the RF/microwave community, a power divider featuring straight, parallel quarter-wavelength sections showed no degradation in isolation (or negligible effects of coupling) when compared to a power divider with curved quarter-wavelength sections.
Cultural Diversity in Childbirth Practices in a Rural Community in Southern Nigeria

Introduction: Knowledge of cultural diversity is important for nursing/midwifery care as these address ethnic and racial differences between providers and consumers of health care, thus, can strengthen and broaden the healthcare delivery system. In a typical nurse/midwife-patient/client encounter globally, there is interplay of three Cultural systems namely, culture of the nurse/the profession, culture of the patient/client and that of the health care system. Multicultural nature of Nigeria influences birth practices. This paper presents findings of a 'fact-finding' phase of action research project which explored understanding of childbirth practices as part of prevention of maternal mortality study in a rural community. Methods: Ethnography design was utilized informed by participatory action research. Data were generated through twenty-nine in-depth individual interviews of childbearing-age women, four focus group discussions with other childbearing-age women, menopausal women/mothers-in-law and traditional birth attendants. Practices of five traditional birth attendants and one midwife were observed. Participants were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Results: Thematic data analysis revealed diversity in childbirth practices between the traditional indigenous culture and nursing/midwifery culture depicted in the following themes: children having children; nutritional taboos; imposition of decision on care; preference for traditional birth attendants; spirituality as source of safe childbirth; position for delivery; utilization of traditional sanitary towels; care in delivery emergencies; midwives ethnocentrism and culture-imposition. Findings were inputted into the planning phase of the action research for critical reflection and action. Conclusion: Cultural diversity explicitly exists in the nurse/midwife and client interaction in this setting. It is recommended that nurses/midwives should deliberately seek to understand the culture of the people and adopt the harmless ones. Where culture is inimical to health, clients should be democratically and collaboratively motivated to critique their practices with the hope of possible repudiation. This study has implication for the provision of culturally competent care in childbirth.
Tuning for the orientation of spatial attention in dorsal premotor cortex

We tested whether neuronal activity in the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) reflected the orientation of selective spatial attention, as opposed to the target of a reaching movement, eye position and saccade direction. These four spatial variables were dissociated in two tasks, which both required that a monkey attend to a robot's location in order to know when to make a movement. However, the target of the reaching movement varied; it was the robot's location in one task, but a different location in the other task. Eye position was recorded, but not explicitly controlled. Of 199 PMd neurons sampled, 19% had activity related to eye position, and an overlapping 11% were related to saccade direction (totaling 24% of the PMd sample). Of the 152 PMd neurons that lacked oculomotor relationships, ≈ 20% reflected the orientation of selective spatial attention. Attentional tuning may account, at least in part, for gaze‐independent receptive fields and visuospatial, target or goal relationships in tasks involving stimulus–response incompatibility.
Ownership, Control and Liquidity

In this paper we study the ways in which the firm's choice of liquid assets is affected by the pattern of share ownership and by the control structures within the firm. We distinguish between three separate ways in which these relationships can affect liquid- ity. First, ownership concentration may be associated with risk aversion which leads the firm to hold greater amounts of liquidity. Second, greater power for insiders will lead the firm to hold more liquid assets as these may be more readily transformed in ways that are advantageous to insiders. Third, firms with close association to an industrial group reinforced through cross share holding will tend to hold fewer liquid assets than will a firm without such relationships. We explore these explanations using a data set of Belgian firms that is particularly well suited to studying the institutions of control oriented finance. The data includes information on ownership concentration, managerial ownership, voting alliances, membership in family groups, association with holding companies, associations with coordination centers, and institutional cross-share holdings. Our results provide support for all three of the effects identified above. The effects of risk aversion and the industrial cross share holding appear to be statistically and economically most significant.
A Novel Staff Vaccination Strategy

To the Editor: Box Hill Hospital is a 347-bed hospital within Eastern Health Service in Melbourne, Australia. Due to the hospital being located in the southern hemisphere, its annual influenza vaccination program is conducted in March. Influenza vaccine is recommended for all hospital staff and is provided free of charge both in the staff clinic and via a "Needles on Wheels" program. This program is actively promoted. Mobile immunization teams have reported success in achieving overall immunization compliance, particularly for influenza vaccination in a military setting. Before the introduction of this concept at our facility in 1996, the number of influenza vaccinations administered to staff was 113 (8.3% of all staff). In 2000, the number of vaccinations had reached 757 (49% of all staff). To commence the program in March 2000, a flyer containing information on influenza vaccination was distributed to all departments in the hospital. The Needles on Wheels program had 16 different locations on varying days and times nominated for mobile clinics. Times were allocated to involve as many clinical staff as possible (eg, when nurses were changing shifts in clinical areas). Early morning and evening sessions were also conducted to provide access for night staff. Both clinical and nonclinical locations were included because it was believed that staff who did not have contact with patients could readily transmit influenza to staff who had contact with patients if affected. Immunization of all staff is the most feasible method for preventing influenza, but healthcare workers are particularly encouraged to be immunized because they are susceptible to transmitting the virus to high-risk individuals. '
An Examination of the Comparative Valuation Effects of Enhanced Disclosure and Cross-Listing in the US

Using a large sample of international firms we investigate the corporate decisions to voluntarily adopt International Accounting Standards (IAS/IFRS), and to cross-list in the US. We jointly examine these globalization decisions by employing a multinomial logistic model, and use this framework to correct for selection bias in our valuation analysis. We find no significant differences between our documented valuation premia of IFRS and US exchange listed firms. This indicates that cross-listing valuation benefits stem mainly from disclosure enhancement than from the stricter US legal system and that voluntary disclosure can be beneficial even in the absence of a strong legal environment. Furthermore, we find strong evidence that firms from countries with weak investor protection and firms less integrated with the world market benefit more from IFRS adoption. In contrast, we find no evidence that cross-listing on a US exchange is valued more for firms with weaker home country investor protection.
HIV in predominantly rural areas of the United States.

BACKGROUND The burden of HIV/AIDS has not been described for certain rural areas of the United States (Appalachia, the Southeast Region, the Mississippi Delta, and the US-Mexico Border), where barriers to receiving HIV services include rural residence, poverty, unemployment, and lack of education. METHODS We used data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) HIV/AIDS Reporting System to determine the rates of HIV (data from 29 states) and AIDS diagnoses (data from 50 states and the District of Columbia) in 2000 for the 4 regions by demographic and residential (rural and economic indicators of county of residence) characteristics. RESULTS The rate of HIV diagnoses in 2000 was lower in rural areas (7.3 per 100,000) than in suburban (8.6 per 100,000) or urban areas (22.7 per 100,000). The highest race-adjusted rate was observed for the US-Mexico Border (21.1 per 100,000), followed by the Mississippi Delta (17.3 per 100,000), Southeast Region (14.7 per 100,000), and Appalachia (10.4 per 100,000). Heterosexually acquired HIV was more common in the Southeast Region and the Mississippi Delta than elsewhere. The Mississippi Delta had the highest proportion of HIV diagnoses among young people aged 13-24 years (18.4%). More than three quarters of people diagnosed with HIV in the Mississippi Delta and the Southeast Region were black, and diagnosis rates were higher among blacks and Hispanics than whites in all regions. The distribution of demographic and residential characteristics among people with AIDS was similar to that of all people with a diagnosis of HIV. CONCLUSION Strategies are needed to reach the populations of these areas to reduce transmission of HIV.
Ethical Corporate Citizenship: Does It Pay?

Ethical corporate citizenship and good corporate governance have received increased attention since the financial scandals prevalent at the beginning of the new millennium. This study first explores the relationship of ethical corporate citizenship to financial performance (i.e., greater profitability and efficiency, and lower cost of capital). Second, the study examines whether ethical corporate behavior is associated with a market-value premium. Results of prior studies are mixed. The results of our study contribute directly to the recent accounting literature in which specific aspects of ethical corporate behavior have been explored (Fukami et al. 1997; Ittner and Larker, 1998; Ballou et al., 2003; Clarkson et al., 2004). We use firms listed by Business Ethics as “The 100 Best Corporate Citizens” as our sample of ethical firms. The univariate results of our study indicate a significant relationship between ethical corporate behavior and financial performance (i.e., greater profitability and efficiency, and lower cost of capital). The results of multivariate tests, controlling for prior year market value of equity, yield results that indicate a marginally significant association between being recognized as ethical in that year and market value of equity, but no association between being recognized as ethical at least one time and market value of equity. Nevertheless, given our study's findings of better financial performance and lower risk, we conclude that ethical corporate citizenship does indeed benefit a firm.
Electrical Transport Degradation of Chemically Doped Electronic-Type-Separated Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes From Radiation-Induced Defects

The structural and electrical properties of purified and potassium tetrabromoaurate [KAuBr<sub>4(aq)</sub>] doped semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (S-SWCNTs) and metallic SWCNT (M-SWCNT) thin films are characterized as defects are introduced through ion irradiation with 150-keV <sup>11</sup>B<sup>+</sup> with fluences ranging from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1 \times 10^{12}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1 \times 10^{15}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ions/cm<sup>2</sup>. Prior to irradiation, doping achieves conductivity enhancements of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$20\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the S-SWCNTs and M-SWCNTs, respectively. Irradiation of the samples results in decreased electrical conductivity of both electronic types of purified and doped SWCNTs as defect density is increased. However, the relative conductivity enhancement provided by the chemical dopant is maintained, thereby yielding more radiation tolerant electrical conductors. The presence of the dopant does not influence the level of damage imparted to the SWCNTs, but rather modifies the electronic properties of the SWCNTs by enhancing the carrier concentration.
Aβ Immunotherapy: Intracerebral Sequestration of Aβ by an Anti-Aβ Monoclonal Antibody 266 with High Affinity to Soluble Aβ

Amyloid β (Aβ) immunotherapy is emerging as a promising disease-modifying therapy for Alzheimer's disease, although the precise mechanisms whereby anti-Aβ antibodies act against amyloid deposition and cognitive deficits remain elusive. To test the “peripheral sink” theory, which postulates that the effects of anti-Aβ antibodies in the systemic circulation are to promote the Aβ efflux from brain to blood, we studied the clearance of 125I-Aβ1-40 microinjected into mouse brains after intraperitoneal administration of an anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody 266. 125I-Aβ1-40 was rapidly eliminated from brains with a half-life of ∼30 min in control mice, whereas 266 significantly retarded the elimination of Aβ, presumably due to formation of Aβ-antibody complex in brains. Administration of 266 to APP transgenic mice increased the levels of monomer Aβ species in an antibody-bound form, without affecting that of total Aβ. We propose a novel mechanism of Aβ immunotherapy by the class of anti-Aβ antibodies that preferentially bind soluble Aβ, i.e., intracerebral, rather than peripheral, sequestration of soluble, monomer form of Aβ, thereby preventing the accumulation of multimeric toxic Aβ species in brains.
Comparative Emissions of Random Orbital Sanding between Conventional and Self-Generated Vacuum Systems

Conventional abrasive sanding generates high concentrations of particles. Depending on the substrate being abraded and exposure duration, overexposure to the particles can cause negative health effects ranging from respiratory irritation to cancer. The goal of this study was to understand the differences in particle emissions between a conventional random orbital sanding system and a self-generated vacuum random orbital sanding system with attached particle filtration bag. Particle concentrations were sampled for each system in a controlled test chamber for oak wood, chromate painted (hexavalent chromium) steel panels, and gel-coated (titanium dioxide) fiberglass panels using a Gesamtstaub-Probenahmesystem (GSP) sampler at three different locations adjacent to the sanding. Elevated concentrations were reported for all particles in the samples collected during conventional sanding. The geometric mean concentration ratios for the three substrates ranged from 320 to 4640 times greater for the conventional sanding system than the self-generated vacuum sanding system. The differences in the particle concentration generated by the two sanding systems were statistically significant with the two sample t-test (P < 0.0001) for all three substances. The data suggest that workers using conventional sanding systems could utilize the self-generated vacuum sanding system technology to potentially reduce exposure to particles and mitigate negative health effects.
Is it safe to prescribe clomiphene citrate without ultrasound monitoring facilities?

The majority of triplet and higher order multiple pregnancies now result from ovulation induction/superovulation rather than in vitro fertilisation. However, clomiphene citrate is still widely prescribed by gynaecologists and general practitioners who do not have access to ultrasound monitoring. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of multifollicular development with different doses of clomiphene citrate. A retrospective review of transvaginal ultrasound monitoring of 425 cycles in 182 women receiving clomiphene citrate from January 2002 to December 2003, was studied. Three or more follicles of ≥ 14 mm were identified in 58 cycles (14%). Patients received 50 mg of clomiphene citrate in 52 of these 58 cycles and 25 mg in the remaining six. One patient was noted to have developed five follicles and 10 patients developed four follicles. One patient developed six follicles, despite receiving only 25 mg clomiphene citrate daily. It was concluded that a significant number of women (14%) developed three or more follicles, despite receiving low doses of clomiphene citrate.