Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The phonology and morphosyntax of Breton mutation

This paper presents an analysis of initial consonant mutation in a Breton dialect, with a focus on establishing the division of labour between phonology and morphology in the triggering of mutation and its phonological expression. It is argued that different types of mutation have different status in the grammar: some are purely phonological, others involve subsegmental morphemes with a clear morphosyntactic rationale, and for some the phonological aspects are clear but the morphosyntactic motivation remains obscure. In addition, the differences among the types of mutation support a stratal model of morphology-phonology interactions.
EFFECT OF LIGNIN CONTENT AND EXTRACTIVES ON THE HIGHER HEATING VALUE OF WOOD

As part of a study of the charring rate of wood, I determined the higher heating values (gross heat of combustion) and the chemical composition of samples from four hardwoods and four softwoods. The higher heating value of wood was correlated with lignin and extractive contents. There was a highly significant linear correlation between the higher heating value of the extractive-free wood and lignin content. Equations are presented that can be used to determine the higher heating value of extractive-free wood when the Klason lignin content is known. The equations should be useful to those interested in using a variety of species of wood as fuel.
Overgroups of Cyclic Sylow Subgroups of Linear Groups

We use a theorem of Guralnick, Penttila, Praeger, and Saxl to classify the subgroups of the general linear group (of a finite dimensional vector space over a finite field) which are overgroups of a cyclic Sylow subgroup. In particular, our results provide the starting point for the classification of transitive m-systems; which include the transitive ovoids and spreads of finite polar spaces. We also use our results to prove a conjecture of Cameron and Liebler on irreducible collineation groups having equally many orbits on points and on lines.
Benefits of a Tree-Based model for stock selection in a South African context

Quantitative investment practitioners typically model the performance of a stock relative to its benchmark and the stock’s fundamental factors in a classical linear framework. However, these models have empirically been found to be unsuitable for capturing higher-order relationships between a stock’s return relative to a benchmark and its fundamental factors. This dissertation studies the use of Classification and Regression Tree (CART) models for stock selection within the South African context, with the focus being on the period from when the Global Financial Crisis began in early 2007 until December 2012. By utilising four types of portfolios, a CART model is directly compared against two traditional linear models. It is seen that during the period focused upon, the portfolios based on the CART model deliver the best excess return and risk-adjusted return, albeit in most cases modestly above the returns delivered by the portfolios based upon the linear models. This is observed in the hedge-fund style and long-only portfolios constructed. Moreover, it is observed that the CART-based portfolios’ returns are not correlated with those from the linear-model-based portfolios. This observation suggests that CART models offer an attractive option to diversify model risk within the South African context.
Environmental attitude: values on urban wildlifea case study of Kuala Lumpur Urban Parks

‘Urban biodiversity and wildlife management’ has been accepted as being an important urban ecological component in an urban environment. The improvement of urban plans and landscape fabric can potentially advance the urban ecological environment. Thus, many local authorities aim to outline green strategies in their local plans to improve the city’s health. However, the study of urban biodiversity and its relation to the human dimension is not well explored by researchers. Miller (2003) and Jones et al. (1998) argue that there is a lack of empirical research leading to inconclusive knowledge in this field. ‘Human dimension’ is the study of integration between the social dimension and existing ecological information. This paper aims to investigate environmental attitudes on urban biodiversity especially on urban wildlife in Kuala Lumpur. It assesses the potential of ‘human dimension’ in realising planning objectives in Kuala Lumpur. The research will investigate the links and relationships between demographic factors and values with regard to urban biodiversity. Information collected through a questionnaire survey is the informational basis of this study. The survey focused on two major groups, namely stakeholders (n = 128) and residents (n = 288). The results indicated that people who lived close to Kuala Lumpur urban parks had higher moralistic values towards urban wildlife. Naturalistic, ecologistic and scientific values had mean scores between 3.5 and 4.0, which could be considered as an acceptable degree of agreement. Most respondents placed higher values on wildlife and its ecosystems. Other values such as negativistic, humanistic, utilitarian and dominionistic values had mean scores between 2.5 and 3.00 indicating that these values depend on specific issues and situations related to urban wildlife. It could be inferred that people in Kuala Lumpur do not have strong negativistic, humanistic, utilitarian and dominionistic values towards urban wildlife. This research will help in improving green urbanism strategies, to achieve sustainable living environments.
Pore-scale analysis of the Waxman-Smits shaly-sand conductivity model

Waxman-Smits and dual-water models of electrical conductivity of shaly sands account for the dual conductive pathways formed by pore brine and clay mineral exchange cations, while Archie's equations describe the electrical conductivity behavior of clay-free rocks. These empirical models are widely used in the interpretation of resistivity logs acquired in homogeneous reservoir rocks. However, the models are not explicit in their predictions of electrical conductivity with respect to rock structure, spatial fluid distribution in the pore space, wettability, or clay mineral distribution. The objective of this paper is to quantify the influence of exchange cations associated with hydrated clay minerals, salinity of pore bulk water, and water saturation on the electrical conductivity of shaly siliciclastic rocks. We accomplish this objective by calculating excess conductivities associated with hydrated clay minerals for explicit pore geometries of brine- and hydrocarbon-saturated shaly granular rocks. In so doing we introduce synthetic pore-scale representations intended to reproduce experimental observations of electrical conductivity of shaly sands. The synthetic pore-scale models are constructed to represent homogeneous shaly sands that include the structural effects of compaction, cementation, and distribution of grain-coating clay minerals. Our pore-scale model is implemented on the digitized representative of rock samples, which allows us to consider arbitrary media boundaries. Two-phase immiscible fluids are geometrically distributed in the pore space using the ordinary percolation algorithm. We introduce grain-coating hydrated clay minerals and their corresponding electric double layer in the synthetic rock models with a grain "shell" of variable dimensions and diffusivity with respect to those of pore-filling brine. Waxman-Smits formation factors and resistivity indices are calculated directly with random walk simulations of late-time diffusion within the conductive space formed by the pore water and clay mineral exchange cations in the digitized shaly-sand samples. Simulations with this simple model correctly reproduce the nonlinear behavior of rock conductivity at low and high salinity, and are consistent with reported laboratory measurements.
A SURVEY ON ENTROPY AND SEQUENCE ENTROPY PAIRS

Properties of measurable and topological dynamics often have been studied together[11, 12, 18]. It is known that there are strong similarities and also sharp differences between them. Ergodicity and strongly mixing property in ergodic theory correspond respectively to transitivity and strongly mixing property in topological dynamical systems(TDS). It is well known that a K-mixing system in measurable dynamics is strongly mixing of all orders. And many of the K-properties are well understood for Z-actions and Zactions[7, 8]. It has been an open question if in topological setting, there exist some topological property of entropy which implies topological mixing, moreover topological mixing of all orders. The property K-mixing is equivalent to completely positive entropy(CPE): every nontrivial factor of a system has positive entropy. There are examples of topological CPE, but without transitivity. This is unlike measurable dynamical systems(MDS) where CPE implies ergodicity.
Performance of grain sorghum hybrids in soils with low and high aluminum saturation.

The presence of aluminum (Al3+) in acidic soils is one of the main causes of low crop yield, since it inhibits the root growth, thus affecting the nutrients and water uptake by plants. An approach to grow crops in areas with high Al3+ saturation is the use of tolerant cultivars. This study aimed to evaluate commercial sorghum hybrids in soils with low and high aluminum saturation, in order to select cultivars with high grain yield, even when exposed to abiotic stress. Twenty hybrids were evaluated for characteristics such as plant flowering, plant height and grain yield. All three traits were significantly affected by Al3+, being grain yield the most affected one. Despite the significant genotypes x environments interaction for grain yield, it was possible to select hybrids with yield above the national average in both environments. The hybrids BRS373, 50A50, AS4639, DKB540, AS4625, A9721R, 1167092, DKB550, 1G282 and AG1040 showed a high yield under low and high Al-saturation conditions.
Trade Union Recognition in Britain: An Emerging Crisis for Trade Unions?

This article examines recent developments in union recognition in Britain and assesses the influence of the statutory union recognition provisions contained in the Employment Relations Act 1999 upon the gaining of union recognition and the capacity of unions to take advantage of this more favourable legal environment. It details the significant increase in new union recognition agreements, concluding that the new law is one among a number of factors explaining this growth. However, the impact of the rise in new agreements is found to have made a negligible impact on aggregate union recognition coverage, indicating the limitations to union capacity to significantly increase coverage with a more favourable environment at hand.
Financing Constraints and Fixed-term Employment Contracts: Evidence from the 2008-2009 Financial Crisis

This paper investigates the effects of financing constraints on employment decisions of firms, when it is possible to choose between permanent and fixed-term workers. We use linked employer-employee data for the universe of private sector firms in Portugal, and the 2008-09 financial crisis as a shock for identification. We find that firms in sectors that intrinsically rely more on external finance increased the share of fixed-term employment and hires after the crisis, while the effect for firms with wider access to buyer-supplier credit is relatively lower. At the worker level, workers in sectors that require significant external financing are more likely to be hired with a fixed-term contract after the crisis, while those in sectors that have wider access to supplier credit are less likely. Our results suggest that the crisis induced financially constrained firms to use the more flexible fixed-term contracts more intensively. Credit from suppliers alleviated this effect by potentially providing an alternative source of funds to credit from financial institutions.
Abundance of Tesseropora rosea at the margins of its biogeographic range is closely linked to recruitment, but not fecundity

For benthic marine invertebrates with planktonic larvae, adult abundance at the species' range limit may depend on local fecundity, and recruitment from central, source populations. We tested the importance of these processes using a hierarchical design at multiple spatial scales (from tens to hundreds of kilometres) to assess relationships between patterns of adult abundance, fecundity and recruitment in the rocky intertidal barnacle Tesseropora rosea, approaching its geographical range limit on the southeast coast of Australia. Across the 600 km region, adult abundance, recruitment and fecundity all declined towards the range limit, but only adult abundance and recruitment were positively correlated, suggesting that recruitment is negatively affected at the range limit and that recruitment plays a significant role in setting the geographical patterns of abundance of T. rosea. In contrast, at smaller spatial scales within this region, adult abundance and recruitment varied by up to 15and 100-fold, respectively, among some locations only tens of kilometres apart, and no obvious patterns in adult-recruit relationships were revealed towards the range limit. Local patterns of abundance and life-cycle relationships do not, therefore, translate to biogeographic scales, but investigation at this multitude of spatial scales helps to identify the defining processes that account for spatial variation and determine population structure towards the range limits of benthic marine invertebrates.
Effect of blending selected tropical starches on pasting properties of rice flour.

Pure rice flour (RF), canna (CaS), cassava (CS), mung bean (MS), sago (SS) and sweet potato (SPS) starches were compared for color, swelling power and solubility. Blends of RF with CaS, CS, MS, SS and SPS in different proportions (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 % pure starches) were studied separately for pasting properties. Mung bean starch had high lightness (whiteness) value than RF and the remaining starches. Mean solubility values of RF, CaS, CS, MS, SS and SPS were in the range of 6.2 % (RF) to 22.85 % (CaS), while swelling power of RF and selected starches was in the range of 11.12 g/g (SS) to 26.23 g/g (CaS). Maximum PV, TV and RBD were observed for CaS as compared to RF and rest of the starches. Highest FV and RSB was observed for MS than that of RF and rest of tropical starches. On the other hand RF had higher peak time, pasting temperature and pasting time 6.47 minutes, 80.22 °C and 3.48 minutes, respectively. Blending CaS, CS, MS, SS and SPS in various ratio had significantly (p < 0.05) modified pasting properties of RF. Type of the starch source, concentration of starch and starch granule size in the blends of RF and selected starches had influenced on the pasting properties. This study indicates that using RF, selected starches and various blends of RF with these starches would produce noodles with wide range of texture to satisfy consumer demands.
Ecological impacts of seafarming and searanching

Seafarming has ecological effects such as pollution and eutrophication of adjacent areas by excess food or by feces or modification of habitats by physical structures. More subtle effects on the communities result from heavy consumption of plankton or benthos by caged or enclosed farmed organisms and consequent reduction of availability of food to adjacent natural communities. Seapens, in which monocultures are reared, develop a radically different benthos from that in adjacent areas. Seafarms can become focal points from which pathogens and parasites can be spread. Searanching, in which stocks are enhanced by the addition of hatchery-reared recruits, has the potential to cause significant changes in the composition and stability of marine communities. Enhanced recruitment of a species will have negative effects on both its prey and its competitors but will enhance the biomass of its predators. Enhanced recruitment of a stock of apex predators will decrease the biomass of its prey and cause changes in the composition of the community. The effects of searanching are amenable to modelling, and the likely effects of proposed searanching schemes should be examined before these are implemented. The magnitude of the effects of searanching will depend on the degree to which the area is naturally saturated with recruits of that species and on the rate of exploitation. Poor management of the stock, resulting in underor over-exploitation, will have highly destabilizing effects on the communities. Seafarming or searanching can have negative effects on the gene pools of natural stocks and result in changes in life histories or in behavior. 1ICLARM Contribution No. 749 2Present Address: ICLARM, MC P.O. Box 2631, Makati. Metro Manila, Philippines D ow nl oa de d by [1 22 . 5 5. 1. 77 ] f ro m h tt p: // re po si to ry . s ea fd ec . o rg . p h on S ep te m be r 7 , 2 01 6 at 1 2: 27 P M C ST Ecological, Social, and Economic Considerations of Seafarming and Searanching
Application of the law of diminishing returns to partitioning metabolizable energy and crude protein intake between maintenance and growth in egg-type pullets

Experiments designed to investigate the effect of dietary nutrient concentrations on the growth and development of pullets are relatively long term and expensive to conduct. As the cost of research increases, mathematical models become valuable tools to answer research and development questions. Modeling growth curves allows nutritionists and poultry researchers to predict dynamic or daily nutrient needs more adequately than using fixed requirements. The potential and validity of a specially reparameterized monomolecular model to partition nutrient intakes between requirements for maintenance and growth was previously demonstrated in relation to ruminants, pigs, chickens, turkeys, and broiler breeder pullets. In the current study, the model was evaluated for its ability to estimate ME and CP requirements for maintenance and growth in egg-type pullets. On the basis of the results of this study, along with those previously reported for chickens, turkeys, and broiler breeder pullets, this model is advantageous because it can predict the magnitude and direction of responses of growing poultry to dietary ME and CP intakes without requiring initial assumptions. The model also has the advantage of biological interpretability of the parameter estimates. One of the main consequences of this interpretability is that the results from several experiments can be pooled to obtain the best estimates of the response coefficients. ©2012 Poultry Science Association, Inc.
Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease among Non-Smokers with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome Defined By NCEPATP 111(National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel 111)

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) incidence varies according to certain risks; patients with pre-existing cardiovascular heart disease who later develop diabetes mellitus (DM) have the greatest risk, and non-diabetic patients with CAD, diabetic patients without CAD, and patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) the next three high risk categories. Insulin resistance, a major feature in both DM and MetS probably causes atherogenic dyslipidaemia. Objectives: (1) to determine the prevalence of MetS and DM in the study population, (2) to determine the prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in DM with MetS (DM+/MetS+), in DM alone (DM+/MetS-), MetS alone (Mets+/DM-) and in ‘normal’ group (DM-/MetS-), and (3) to determine the prevalence of MetS in DM patients. Results: 62.1% of the study population had MetS, 44.7% had DM, 83.6% had both MetS and DM. 18.6% had CAD. CAD was seen in 25.2% of DM+/MetS+, 19.1% of MetS+/DM-, 14.3% of DM+/MetS-, and 11.6% of MetS-/DMpatients. DM+/MetS+ group had the highest association with CAD OR= 2.19, CI (1.43-3.35), DM-/MetS- group the lowest association OR=0.45, CI (0.27-0.73), and DM+/MetS- (OR=0.69, CI (0.28-1.73) and MetS+/DM- (OR=0.94, CI (0.57- 1.58) had no significant association with CAD. Conclusion: Only DM+/MetS+ patients had a high risk of developing CAD. Risk of CAD in patients with MetS+/ DM- and DM+/MetS- was not statistically significant in multivariate analysis, while the group with neither, MS-/DM-, had the lowest risk of developing CAD.
Aromatic Features in AGNs: Star-forming Infrared Luminosity Function of AGN Host Galaxies

We describe observations of aromatic features at 7.7 and 11.3 μm in AGNs of three types, including PG, 2MASS, and 3CR objects. The feature has been demonstrated to originate predominantly from star formation. Based on the aromatic-derived star-forming luminosity, we find that the far-IR emission of AGNs can be dominated by either star formation or nuclear emission; the average contribution from star formation is around 25% at 70 and 160 μm. The star-forming infrared luminosity functions of the three types of AGNs are flatter than those of field galaxies, implying that nuclear activity and star formation tend to be enhanced together. The star-forming luminosity function is also a function of the strength of nuclear activity from normal galaxies to the bright quasars, with luminosity functions becoming flatter for more intense nuclear activity. Different types of AGNs show different distributions in the level of star formation activity, with 2MASS > PG > 3CR star formation rates.
Earnings Forecasting Bias and Accuracy in the Italian Stock Market

The aim of this study is to evaluate the financial analysts’ earnings forecast bias and accuracy. We focus on annual earnings per share forecasts issued on Italian listed firms by brokerage analysts and find that (1) analyst are on average optimistic about the future prospects of covered firms; (2) median optimistic bias as well as forecast dispersion decline during the forecasting period toward the actual realization; (3) earnings forecasts are on average inaccurate; (4) accuracy increases with the firm size, actual profit realization, brokerage size, analyst’s specific experience on firm and, in general, during bull markets, while it declines with the number of firm the analysts follows and when the time from the forecast date to the release of actual earnings increases; (5) forecasts are less accurate for technological listed firms, compared to firms in other sectors.
Characteristics of magma‐driven hydrothermal systems at oceanic spreading centers

We use one‐ and two‐limb single‐pass models to de termine vent field characteristics such as mass flow rate Q, bulk permeability in the discharge zone kd, thickness of the conductive boundary layer at the base of the system δ, magma replenishment rate, and residence time in the discharge zone. Data on vent temperature, vent field area, heat output, and the surface area and depth of the subaxial magma chamber (AMC) constrain the models. The results give Q ~ 100 kg/s, kd ~ 10−13 m2, and δ ~ 10 m, essentially independent of spreading rate, and detailed characteristics of the AMC. In addition, we find no correlation between heat output at individual vent fields and spreading rate or depth to the AMC. We conclude that high‐temperature hydrothermal systems are driven by local magma supply rates in excess of that needed for steady state crustal production and that crustal permeability enables hydrothermal circulation to tap magmatic heat regardless of AMC depth. Using data on partitioning of heat flow between focused and diffuse flow, we find that 80–90% of the hydrothermal heat output is derived from high‐temperature fluid, even though much of the heat output discharges as low‐temperature fluid. In some cases, diffuse flow fluids may exhibit considerable conductive cooling or heating. By assuming conservative mixing of diffuse flow fluids at East Pacific Rise 9°50′N, we find that most transport of metals such as Fe and Mn occurs in diffuse flow and that CO2, H2, and CH4 are taken up by microbial activity.