Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CO 2 concentrating mechanisms in cyanobacteria : molecular components , their diversity and evolution

Cyanobacteria have evolved an extremely effective single-cell CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM). Recent molecular, biochemical and physiological studies have signi®cantly extended current knowledge about the genes and protein components of this system and how they operate to elevate CO2 around Rubisco during photosynthesis. The CCM components include at least four modes of active inorganic carbon uptake, including two bicarbonate transporters and two CO2 uptake systems associated with the operation of specialized NDH-1 complexes. All these uptake systems serve to accumulate HCO 3 in the cytosol of the cell, which is subsequently used by the Rubisco-containing carboxysome protein micro-compartment within the cell to elevate CO2 around Rubisco. A specialized carbonic anhydrase is also generally present in this compartment. The recent availability of at least nine cyanobacterial genomes has made it possible to begin to undertake comparative genomics of the CCM in cyanobacteria. Analyses have revealed a number of surprising ®ndings. Firstly, cyanobacteria have evolved two types of carboxysomes, correlated with the form of Rubisco present (Form 1A and 1B). Secondly, the two HCO 3 and CO2 transport systems are distributed variably, with some cyanobacteria (Prochlorococcus marinus species) appearing to lack CO2 uptake systems entirely. Finally, there are multiple carbonic anhydrases in many cyanobacteria, but, surprisingly, several cyanobacterial genomes appear to lack any identi®able CA genes. A pathway for the evolution of CCM components is suggested.
THE NONLINEAR SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION AS A RESONANT NORMAL FORM D. Bambusi and A. Carati

Averaging theory is used to study the dynamics of dispersive equations taking the nonlinear Klein Gordon equation on the line as a model problem: For approximatively monochromatic initial data of amplitude , we show that the corresponding solution consists of two non interacting wave packets, each one being described by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Such solutions are also proved to be stable over times of order 1/ 2. We think that this approach puts into a new light the problem of obtaining modulations equations for general dispersive equations. The proof of our results requires a new use of normal forms as a tool for constructing approximate solutions.
Intergenerational Transmission ” for the New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics

Intergenerational transmission refers to the transfer of individual abilities, traits, behaviors and outcomes from parents to their children. This article analyzes the key theoretical and empirical issues in studies of intergenerational transmission of educational attainment, welfare receipt and fertility. Mechanisms that lead to intergenerational transmission of these outcomes are discussed in detail. The role of government policy in affecting intergenerational transmission is also considered. Intergenerational transmission refers to the transfer of individual abilities, traits, behaviors, and outcomes from parents to their children. Economists have largely focused on the intergenerational transmission of educational attainment, earnings and income, wealth, fertility decisions, and welfare receipt. When intergenerational transmission is strong, children turn out much like their parents and social mobility is low. Raw intergenerational correlations in education, earnings, teenage childbearing, and welfare receipt in the U.S. are sizeable. Correlations between parents’ and children’s educational attainment and earnings are both around 0.4. Daughters of teen or welfare mothers are nearly twice as likely to have a child when they are teenagers compared to daughters of older or nonwelfare mothers. Mothers who grew up in a welfare family are four to six times more likely to receive welfare themselves than other mothers. What gives rise to the intergenerational transmission of these outcomes? Parents may genetically pass on abilities, endowments, or preferences to their children that pre-dispose them to choose similar actions as they themselves chose. This can generate an intergenerational correlation in outcomes even if there is no actual causal effect of a parent’s behavior or outcome on the child. However, parents’ actions themselves may encourage their children to take similar actions. For example, parents’ schooling choices may directly impact their children’s decisions to stay in school. Intergenerational transmission incorporates both causal and non-causal channels. Identifying the mechanisms that lead to the intergenerational transmission of education, earnings, fertility, or welfare receipt is central to understanding the role played by economic conditions or government policies in shaping those relationships. For example, if differences in earnings or welfare receipt primarily reflect differences in genetically endowed abilities, then policies to expand educational opportunities may have little effect on the intergenerational transmission of earnings and welfare. On the other hand, if ability primarily influences earnings by altering
Investigating cyclist interaction behavior through a controlled laboratory experiment

Nowadays, there is a need for tools to support city planners in assessing the performance of cycling infrastructure and managing bicycles and mixed flows. Microscopic and macroscopic bicycle traffic models can be used to fulfill this need. However, fundamental knowledge on individual cyclist interaction behavior (which should underpin these models) is hardly available in literature. Detailed bicycle traffic data are necessary if we want to gain insight into cyclist interaction behavior and develop sound behavioral theories and models. Laboratory experiments have been proven to be one of the most effective ways to collect detailed traffic data. For this reason, a controlled experiment aimed to investigate cyclist interaction behavior has been carried out at Delft University of Technology. This paper describes the experimental design, the resulting microscopic bicycle trajectories, and some preliminary results regarding one of the most common interaction situations: the bidirectional interaction. The preliminary results reveal how and to what extent cyclists interact in bidirectional cycling. It is found that cyclists perform a clearly-visible evading (collision avoidance) maneuver when they have face-to-face encounters. During these maneuvers, changes in speed and displacements in the lateral direction are observed. Cyclists start to deviate from their original path when they are around 30 m from each other, and they strongly prefer passing on the right-hand side. Moreover, the expectation of gender differences in cycling behavior reported in the literature is confirmed: our results show that women generally cycle more slowly than men and deviate more from their intended paths in face-to-face encounters. More observations will be available in the next stage of data analysis. These findings can be used to formulate improved microscopic bicycle traffic models for infrastructure design and policy
Neonatal exposure to estrogen differentially alters estrogen receptor (cid:1) and (cid:2) mRNA expression in rat testis during postnatal development

The biological actions of estrogens on target cells are mediated by two nuclear receptors: the estrogen receptor (ER) (cid:1) and the recently characterized ER (cid:2) . In the male rat, the physiological role of estrogens involves multiple actions, from masculinization of brain areas related to reproductive function and sexual behavior to regulation of testicular development and function. Paradoxically, how-ever, administration of high doses of estrogen during the critical period of neonatal di ﬀ erentiation results in an array of defects in the reproductive axis that permanently disrupt male fertility. The focus of this study was to characterize the e ﬀ ects and mechanism(s) of action of neonatal estrogenization on the pattern of testicular ER (cid:1) and (cid:2) gene expression during postnatal development. To this end, groups of male rats were treated at day 1 of age with estradiol benzoate (500 µg/rat), and testicular ER (cid:1) and ER (cid:2) mRNA levels were assayed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR from the neonatal period until puberty (days 1–45 of age). Furthermore, the expression of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA was evaluated, given the partially overlapping pattern of tissue distribution of ER (cid:1) , ER (cid:2) and AR messages in the developing rat testis. In addition, potential mechanisms for neonatal estrogen action were explored. Thus, to discriminate between direct e ﬀ ects and indirect actions through estrogen-induced suppression of serum gonadotropins, the e ﬀ ects of neonatal estrogenization were compared with those induced by blockade of gonadotropin secretion with a potent LHRH antagonist in the neonatal period. Our results indicate that neonatal exposure to estrogen di ﬀ erentially alters testicular expression of (cid:1) and (cid:2) ER messages: ER (cid:1) mRNA levels, as well as those of AR, were signiﬁcantly decreased, whereas relative and total expression levels of ER (cid:2) mRNA increased during postnatal/prepubertal development after neonatal estrogen exposure, a phenomenon that was not mimicked by LHRH antagonist treatment. It is concluded that the e ﬀ ect of estrogen on the expression levels of ER (cid:1) and (cid:2) mRNAs probably involves a direct action on the developing testis, and cannot be attributed to estrogen-induced suppression of gonadotropin secretion during the neonatal period.
Evaluating comparable company valuation

Company valuation is entering a new era; with increasing demands, more awareness and internal resistance. As the companies who request the valuation, together with third parties, begin to show more interest in the value statements the analyst must be able to validate his course of action with reliable reasoning based on substantiated data. In this thesis, two approaches to the Comparable Company Valuation method will be evaluated and analyzed with the use of a Case Study. Initially, the two approaches will be applied on a Target Company, Company X, which will result in two value estimations. In order to draw conclusions of how to derive a correct valuation and what approach that is to be preferred in the given scenario, similar valuations were performed on six additional companies, in the same manner as the Case Study, and compared with their respective real market value. The valuation is based on financial data and all companies used in the study are listed on Nasdaq Stockholm Stock Exchange. Findings – First and foremost, results showed that a Comparable Company Valuation is very dependent on its composed peer group. Results from the study indicated increasingly favorable outcomes, when the peer group was similar to the Target Company. The prime conclusions are that, with a perfectly composed peer group, in a mature industry, one of the approaches was to be preferred. However, in an immature industry, where the requirements of the companies used in the composed peer group have to be broadened, the latter approach indicated favorable outcome. Originality This study is one of the first to compare two different approaches to the Comparable Company Valuation method and analyze in what scenarios one approach is to be preferred to the other.
DEVELOPMENT DURING 2000-2004

Although systems development research is at the core of the Information Systems discipline, some scholars call attention to a teaching and research gap in this area of IS. In this study, we examine the state of systems development research in IS by analyzing the articles published in three leading journals between 2000 and 2004. We propose a classification framework based on the type of research paradigm (design vs. explanatory) and the nature of the IT-artifact (conceptualization vs. instantiation). Our results show that about 20% of the articles published in this five year period are focused on systems development. In two of the three journals, there are comparable proportions of studies in the design research and in the explanatory paradigm. However, in all three publications most of the articles are focused on conceptual IT-artifacts, as opposed to instantiations. These findings are important for system development researchers when they choose journals to which to send their papers.
Africa Network ( RAN ) RAN Working Paper WP / 18 / 011 Poverty and development in Tanzania

The paper investigates the relationship between development, as measured by the GNI per capita and lived poverty in Tanzania which is measured on the basis of whether and how often respondents go, in the course of one year, without food, water, medical care, cooking fuel and cash income. By using the data collected by Afrobarometer in Tanzania, we are able to create one set of indicators that capture the extension of lived poverty, that is what percentage of the respondents, experiences deprivation, but we also develop a series of indicators that capture the severity of lived poverty, that is how frequently respondents experience this problem. Our statistical analyses reveal that while Tanzanian progress along the developmental path did not have a significant impact on the extension of lived poverty, it made a large and significant contribution to reduce its severity. JEL Classification: O40; O57; I10; I20; I32
1 Complex activity recognition and anomaly detection in multimedia streams

This article presents a framework for activity recognition and anomaly detection in multimedia streams featuring complex human activities. The framework models human activities as temporal sequences of their constituent actions and can handle actions that occur concurrently in multiple parallel streams. It operates in a supervised manner and comprises three stages, which are extraction of action sequences from data streams, feature selection and activity recognition/anomaly detection. The framework is assessed on the ‘bridge design’ dataset which is based on a reallife application. Preliminary results show that the proposed framework, when used in conjunction with standard classifiers offers good classification accuracy in activity recognition and anomaly detection.
Cefadroxil, cephaloridine, cephacetrile, cephapirin, cephradine, and other rarely used first-generation cephalosporins

The most commonly used first-generation cephalosporins are the parenteral cephalosporins, cefazolin and cephalothin (see Chapter 18, Cephalothin and cefazolin), and the oral drug, cephalexin (See Chapter 19, Cephalexin). However, a number of other first-generation cephalosporins have been available for clinical use in some countries, although are rarely used now. These include cefadroxil, cephradine, cephapirin, cephacetrile, cephaloridine, cephaloglycin, cephalonium, cefatrizine, cefazaflur, cefazedone, cefroxadine, and cephtazole. Specific comments will be made about some of these first-generation cephalosporins.
MicroRNA-185 contributes to DNA hypomethylation of CD 4 + T cells in pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus by targeting DNA methyltransferase 1

Recent studies have shown that abnormal DNA methylation in CD4+ T cells plays essential roles in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Accumulated data suggest that miR-185 serves as critical regulators to control the methylation process in a variety of tumors. However, the role of miR-185 in T cell aberrant DNA hypomethylation of SLE still remains unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate whether miR-185 plays a role in the pregnancy associated with SLE. Our results revealed that miR-185 was significantly upregulated in CD4+ T cells from patients with pregnancy complicated with SLE and its degree of overexpression was inversely correlated with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) mRNA levels. Target prediction analysis and dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed that DNMT1 was a direct target of miR-185. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-185 in CD4+ T cells from healthy donors led to the DNA hypomethylation and up-regulation of genes encoding CD11a and CD70, and inhibition of miR-185 expression in CD4+ T cells from patients with SLE caused reverse effects. This study indicated that miR-185 contributes to DNA hypomethylation of CD4+ T cells in pregnancies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus by targeting DNA methyltransferase 1. Thus, miR-185 may represent a potential therapeutic target for SLE intervention.
Sustainable Supervisory Indices For Combating Corruption as Correlates of Quality School Governance in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State , Nigeria

The study investigated sustainable supervisory indices for combating corruption as correlates for quality school governance. The study area was Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State Nigeria. Two null hypotheses were formulated to direct the study. The expost facto design was adopted for the study. Census sampling technique was used to sample all the eighty-one (81) principals for the study. Sustainable Supervisory Indices for Combating Corruption and School Governance Questionnaire (SSICCQSGQ) was the instrument used for data collection. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was 0.78 which was established using Cronbach alpha reliability method. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson’s product moment correlation statistics, and the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed among others that there is a high positive correlation between classroom observation and demonstration techniques and school governance in public secondary schools in Calabar education zone of Cross River State. Based on the findings, the conclusion was drawn and it was recommended among others that government should provide opportunity for principals to attend conferences, workshops, seminars and colloquiums on sustainable supervisory indices at least once a year both nationally and internationally for more acquisition of skills and knowledge for combating corruption and foster effective school governance in order to keep them at par with their foreign counterparts.
School Climate and Academic Growth : Investigating One State ’ s School Performance Report

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between six school climate proxies included in the 2015-2016 New Jersey School Performance Report (SPR) and median school growth percentiles in English language arts and math, and to assess the predictive value of these proxies on academic growth. I collected and analyzed data from the SPR for 1,618 elementary and middle schools. Results indicate the school climate proxies are weakly related with academic performance, and the prediction models explained little of the variance in school growth. I discuss the educational significance of these findings for policymakers and practitioners in all schools.
Taxation and the Superrich

This article addresses the modern optimal tax progressivity literature, which clarifies the key role of the behavioral response to taxation and accounts for the incomes of the superrich being qualitatively different from others. Some of the superrich may be “superstars” for whom small differences in talent are magnified into much larger earnings differences, while others may work in winner-take-all markets, such that their effort to climb the ladder of success reduces the returns to others. We stress that pivotal tax-rate elasticities are not structural parameters and will be smaller the broader and less plastic is the tax base and the more effective is the enforcement of tax evasion. For this reason, normative analysis of tax rates should be accompanied by attention to the tax base, with a special focus on capital gains, which comprise a large fraction of the taxable income of the superrich.
Internal Control Disclosure and Agency Costs Evidence from Swiss listed non-financial Companies

An internal control system (ICS) is generally considered as a management tool that serves as a means to achieve performance and profitability targets, and enhances the reliability of financial reporting. Voluntary reporting on internal control may be viewed as a monitoring function to reduce agency costs caused by divergent interests between management and shareholders. Yet, there is no empirical research on the association between voluntary disclosure on internal control and agency costs in Swiss companies. This paper explores internal control disclosures within a sample of 91 Swiss listed non-financial company annual reports by developing an internal control disclosure index. The main conclusion of the study is that four company-specific characteristics derived from agency theory do significantly explain the variability in the level of voluntary disclosure on internal control, i.e. management ownership, blockholder ownership, board size and leverage. Overall, agency cost theory seems to be a powerful theory to explain voluntary disclosure strategies of Swiss companies.
Prolonged Intake of Coenzyme Q 10 Impairs Cognitive Functions in Mice 1 – 3

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is widely consumed as a dietary supplement to enhance bioenergetic capacity and to ameliorate the debilitative effects of the aging process or certain pathological conditions. Our main purpose in this study was to determine whether CoQ10 intake does indeed attenuate the age-associated losses in motor, sensory, and cognitive functions or decrease the rate of mortality in mice. Mice were fed a control nonpurified diet or that diet containing 0.68 mg/g (low dosage) or 2.6 mg/g (high dosage) CoQ10, starting at 4 mo of age, and were tested for sensory, motor, and cognitive function at 7, 15, and 25 mo of age. Amounts of the ubiquinols CoQ9H2 and CoQ10H2 measured in a parallel study were augmented in the cerebral cortex but not in any other region of the brain. Intake of the low-CoQ10 diet did not affect ageassociated decrements in muscle strength, balance, coordinated running, or learning/memory, whereas intake at the higher amount increased spontaneous activity, worsened the age-related losses in acuity to auditory and shock stimuli, and impaired the spatial learning/memory of oldmice. The CoQ10 diets did not affect survivorship of mice through 25mo of age. Our results suggest that prolonged intake of CoQ10 in low amounts has no discernable impact on cognitive andmotor functions whereas intake at higher amounts exacerbates cognitive and sensory impairments encountered in old mice. These findings do not support the notion that CoQ10 is a fitness-enhancing or an “antiaging” substance under normal physiological conditions. J. Nutr. 139: 1926–1932, 2009.
Derivation and validation of a simple exercise-based algorithm for prediction of genetic testing in relatives of long-QT syndrome probands

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