Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterising discs around Herbig Ae/Be stars through modelling of low-J $^{12}$CO lines

Context. While there has been extensive investigation of the dust emission in discs around young intermediate-mass or Herbig Ae/Be stars at a range of wavelengths, their gas content has been systematically studied mainly via spatially unresolved (sub)millimetre observations of the rotational lines of 12 CO. Aims. We are interested in how the available low-J 12 CO spectra compare to the disc properties inferred from the dust emission, and to what extent the gas- and dust-emission approaches to disc modelling are complementary to each other. Methods. First, we use the disc structure derived from the spectral energy distribution (SED) modelling to produce the synthetic 12 CO J = 3−2 spectra for a discrete sample of sources. We then compare these synthetic spectra to observations, to test the existing disc models for each source. In our second approach, we study the dependence of the 12 CO J = 3−2 spectrum on disc size, inclination and temperature, for discs around Herbig Ae/Be stars in general. We calculate the spectral line profiles for a grid of parametric disc models. The calculated spectra are compared to the spectra observed towards a large sample of sources. Both methods use a molecular excitation and radiative transfer code for the calculation of the 12 CO line emission. Results. SED models are insensitive to the parameters that dominate the low-J 12 CO emission, i.e., the disc size and orientation. To minimise some of the important parameter degeneracies, it is necessary to model a disc’s SED with prior knowledge of the disc size and inclination. We show how the spectral profile of low-J 12 CO lines can be used to constrain these parameters, and to obtain disc models that are good starting points for the outside-in SED modelling of discs from long to shorter wavelengths. Conclusions. For a disc gas mass of the order of 0.01 M� , the optically thick J = 3−2 12 CO line intensity shows that the majority of discs around Herbig Ae/Be stars are smaller than 200 AU, and that the largest and brightest sources thoroughly studied with submillimetre interferometry are not representative of the sample.
Association of internet addiction in high school students with ADHD and tobacco/alcohol use -

Objective: Our study aims at assessing the association between internet addiction (IA) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and tobacco and alcohol use/experimentation in high school students living in the province of Zonguldak. Method: The study included 771 students enrolled in three high schools. They were assessed with a sociodemographic data form prepared by the researchers, the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS), and the Adult Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD) Diagnostic and Assessment Inventory based on the DSM-IV. Results: In 61 cases (7.9%), IA was established, in 90 cases (11.7%) ADHD. Of the cases with IA, 40 (65.6%) were male, 21 (34.4%) female. Internet access from home (p
Conditions for Successful Local Collective Action in Forestry: Some Evidence From the Hills of Nepal

In the context of an ongoing debate on the type of institutions or tenurial arrangements that are appropriate for the sustainable management of common pool resources (CPRs), this article examines the role played by local institutions in determining the conditions of two forests located in the Middle Hills of Nepal. The institutional robustness of the forests’ governance systems is evaluated using Ostrom's (1990) design principles that characterize the configuration of rules devised and used by long-enduring CPR institutions. The findings show that the two forests are different in level of historical degradation as well as present condition, and these differences are generally explained by the structural characteristics of the local institutions governing the forests. The analysis indicates that Ostrom's design principles are useful for analyzing institutional robustness of local forest governance systems. However, some of the principles need modification or expansion if they are to be prescribed for forestry situations.
Seasonal growth, radiation interception, its conversion efficiency and biomass production of Oryza sativa L. under diverse agro-environments in Pakistan.

The effects of major agronomic practices on growth and above-ground dry biomass production have been studied individually or in combinations of two, but not studied collectively and deeply. This research was carried out to study the effects of transplanting dates, and split nitrogen application on (I) growth (Leaf area index; LAI, crop growth rate; CGR, leaf area duration; LAD, mean net assimilation rate; NAR), (II) intercepted photosynthetically radiation (IPAR) & radiation use efficiency (RUE) and (III) above-ground total dry matter (ATDM) production of two fine rice cultivars under diverse agro-environmental conditions. Field trials were conducted in 2004 and 2005 in kallar tract (conventional rice zone) of Pakistan. The results revealed that early transplanting (1 week of July) enhanced LAI over late transplanting (3 week of July) significantly throughout the growth period. Peak LAI values were reached at 75 DAT in all the treatments. Similarly, early transplanting significantly enhanced cumulative IPAR (R = 94.4– 97.9%). Seasonal differences in ATDM production were mainly associated with the amount of IPAR and to a lesser degree on its efficiency of conversion. RUE for ATDM varied from 1.18 g MJ to 1.94 g MJ IPAR at different locations of conventional rice belt of Pakistan.
SIMULTANEOUS PROBING OF SINGLE ERYTHROCYTE BIOCHEMCAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR EFFICIENT BLOOD TRANSFUSION

The age of stored blood plays a critical risk factor in blood transfusion [1, 2]. The strong connection between RBC clearance and the age of stored blood leads us to believe that age-dependent biochemical and mechanical changes play a key role in RBC clearance after transfusion. In this project, we are interested in finding out if these changes are more specific to a subpopulation of stored blood. Furthermore, a label-free RBC deformability based sorting [3] is performed to pre-filter less deformable RBCs. It is hoped that this pre-filtration prior to blood transfusion can potentially reduce in vivo RBC clearance of transfused blood, and other side effects of blood transfusion.
OSSOS. II. A SHARP TRANSITION IN THE ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION OF THE KUIPER BELT’S SCATTERING POPULATION

We measure the absolute magnitude, H, distribution, dN(H) ∝ 10αH, of the scattering Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) as a proxy for their size-frequency distribution. We show that the H-distribution of the scattering TNOs is not consistent with a single-slope distribution, but must transition around Hg ∼ 9 to either a knee with a shallow slope or to a divot, which is a differential drop followed by second exponential distribution. Our analysis is based on a sample of 22 scattering TNOs drawn from three different TNO surveys—the Canada–France Ecliptic Plane Survey, Alexandersen et al., and the Outer Solar System Origins Survey, all of which provide well-characterized detection thresholds—combined with a cosmogonic model for the formation of the scattering TNO population. Our measured absolute magnitude distribution result is independent of the choice of cosmogonic model. Based on our analysis, we estimate that the number of scattering TNOs is (2.4–8.3) × 105 for Hr < 12. A divot H-distribution is seen in a variety of formation scenarios and may explain several puzzles in Kuiper Belt science. We find that a divot H-distribution simultaneously explains the observed scattering TNO, Neptune Trojan, Plutino, and Centaur H-distributions while simultaneously predicting a large enough scattering TNO population to act as the sole supply of the Jupiter-Family Comets.
Mandated Political Representation and Redistribution

Mandated political representation for minorities involves earmarking certain electoral districts where only minority–group candidates are permitted to contest. Such quotas have been implemented in India for certain social groups and for women, although gender quotas in the legislature are popular in several other countries. This paper builds a political–economy model to analyze the effect of such affirmative action on redistribution in equilibrium. Our model predicts that, in situations where the minority–group is economically disadvantaged and where voters favor candidates from their own group, such a quota actually reduces transfers to poorer groups. Moreover, redistribution in reserved districts leads to a rise in within–(minority) group inequality.
ALMA Observations Show Major Mergers Among the Host Galaxies of Fast-growing, High-redshift, Supermassive Black Holes

We present new ALMA band-7 data for a sample of six luminous quasars at , powered by fast-growing supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with rather uniform properties: the typical accretion rates and black hole masses are and . Our sample consists of three “FIR-bright” sources, which were individually detected in previous Herschel/SPIRE observations, with star formation rates of , and three “FIR-faint” sources for which Herschel stacking analysis implies a typical SFR of ∼400 . The dusty interstellar medium in the hosts of all six quasars is clearly detected in the ALMA data and resolved on scales of ∼2 kpc, in both continuum ( ) and line emission. The continuum emission is in good agreement with the expectations from the Herschel data, confirming the intense SF activity in the quasar hosts. Importantly, we detect companion sub-millimeter galaxies (SMGs) for three sources—one FIR-bright and two FIR-faint, separated by and from the quasar hosts. The -based dynamical mass estimates for the interacting SMGs are within a factor of ∼3 of the quasar hosts’ masses, while the continuum emission implies . Our ALMA data therefore clearly support the idea that major mergers are important drivers for rapid early SMBH growth. However, the fact that not all high-SFR quasar hosts are accompanied by interacting SMGs and the gas kinematics as observed by ALMA suggest that other processes may be fueling these systems. Our analysis thus demonstrates the diversity of host galaxy properties and gas accretion mechanisms associated with early and rapid SMBH growth.
Intention to Use Smartphone through Perceived Compatibility, Perceived Usefulness, and Perceived Ease of Use

This research is aimed to test the influence of perceived compatibility perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and intention to use smartphone using five hypotheses. Purposive sampling was used as the technique of sample collection. There are representative samples that are 92 respondents, consists of lecturers, students, and employees from AKI University in Semarang city. The data had been analyzed by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and it was processed using AMOS program version 16.0. The result of the hypothesis shows that there is a positive and significant influence on perceived compatibility toward perceived usefulness, perceived compatibility toward perceived ease of use, perceived ease of use toward perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use toward intention to use. However, perceived usefulness toward intention to use is not significant. It can be caused that reason of owning smartphones is only a prestige and the users do not understand benefit of its features.
Income Inequalities and Employment Patterns in Europe Before and After the Great Recession

Excerpt] Across the globe, there is increasing concern about income inequality. Empirical evidence suggests that over the last three decades, income inequality has grown in many developed economies (the extent and time frame of this trend varying considerably). The Great Recession starting in 2008–2009 intensified this concern due to the impact of the ongoing economic crisis on inequality levels, and the general perception that the increase in inequality may have been one of the factors triggering and protracting the crisis. Although there is a large body of research on trends in income inequality in EU Member States, surprisingly few studies adopt an EU-wide perspective. In this context, this report has two main goals: to provide a comparative analysis of inequality trends in Member States over the course of the Great Recession (updating the picture given by previous international studies); and to discuss relevant trends and developments in inequality for the overall EU distribution of income – including the implications of economic convergence and divergence before and after the crisis. Most of the analysis in this report is drawn from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) for the period 2005–2014, with income data relating to the period 2004–2013.
Foreign direct investment and immigration in ows in Spain

In this paper, we investigate the extent to which the entry of new foreign rms into a host economy is in uenced by location-related factors associated with the economy's business environment, specially its agglomeration economies and labor market composition. To analyze this dynamic as it occurs in Spain, we create an original database of information from 2005 to 2012 that represents 6 home-country groups, 50 provinces, and 22 sectors. Our results indicate that localization economies can partly explain the entry of new foreign rms, whereas human capital plays no role in that dynamic, which suggests that foreign investors are not principally attracted by high-skilled employees, since foreign vacancies are generally lled by medium-skilled workers. In sum, our ndings emphasize Spain's particular problems with incentivizing long-term foreign direct investment in its local economies.
Relation between subjective social class and self-efficacy: Effect of social comparison

Socioeconomic class is a relevant variable with regard to the process of social hierarchization; specifically, subjective social class (SSC) has been found to correlate positively with the self-efficacy of persons. In the present study, with mixed methodology and a population size of 280 participants, we attempted to replicate these results by operationalizing SSC in the two following manners: (a) through experimental manipulation --randomly requesting that participants compare themselves with those who are above or below them in a social hierarchy scale-- and (b) through measuring SSC as individual difference. The results show no effects due to experimental manipulation, but do support that SSC, measured as individual difference, positively correlates with general self-efficacy. Regarding qualitative analysis, when the participant’s descriptions of common characteristics in members of the upper and lower class were studied, we found that situational characteristics predominated (over dispositional characteristics), but with greater positive valence when describing the upper class. We conclude that SSC is an important factor in self-efficacy and that it moderates effects of social comparison.
Investigating the distribution of some (but not all ) implicatures using corpora and web-based methods

A prevalent, but to date untested, assumption about lexicalized scalar implicatures such as those from some to not all , is that they fall into the class of GCIs and as such, constitute a homogeneous class of highly regularized and context-independent implicatures. This paper reports a test of this assumption in which linguistically untrained participants’ implicature strength judgments were collected for naturally occurring utterances containing the word some in a large-scale corpus-based web study. The results indicate that implicature strength is highly variable and systematically dependent on features of the linguistic context such as the partitive, determiner strength, and discourse accessibility. These results call into question the GCI status of scalar implicatures from some to not all and demonstrate the usefulness of corpora and web-based methods for challenging received wisdom, enriching the empirical landscape, and informing theory in pragmatics. http://dx.doi. org/10.3765/sp.8. 11 BibTeX info
NUMBER THEORETIC DENSITY AND LOGICAL LIMIT LAWS (Mathematical Surveys and Monographs 86) By STANLEY N. BURRIS: 289 pp., US$69.00, ISBN 0-8218-2666-2 (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2001)

What does Schur’s Tauberian theorem have to do with the fact that, in a random two-coloured linear forest, the probability that a given monadic secondorder sentence holds is well defined? The connection is the subject of a detailed theory, developed mainly by Kevin Compton over many years. The goal of this book is to explain the connection and its background, including all the necessary analysis and logic, in a style that is accessible to a good undergraduate. If A(x) = ∑ anx , where an enumerates the n-element structures in a classA, and B (x) = ∑ bnx , where bn enumerates a subclass B, then the local, global, and Dirichlet density of B are, respectively, the limits of
Simulation of Ablation in a Sounding Rocket Thermal Protection System Via an Interface Tracking Method with Two Moving Fronts

In this work, an interface tracking method is employed to simulate the ablative process in the region near the stagnation point of the VSB-30 sounding rocket Thermal Protection System (TPS). The ablation model considers the presence of two-fronts, the char-melting and the pyrolysis fronts. The results for the proposed model are compared to the ones obtained from the traditional one-front model, which supposes a constant ablation temperature. Results show that the one-front model overestimates the ablation period, mass loss and the internal temperature after the flight. The increase in the accuracy with this model shall provide a better dimensioning of the TPS, reducing its weight and cost.
Pull-apart development at overlapping fault tips: Oblique rifting of a Cenozoic continental margin, northern Mergui Basin, Andaman Sea

The northern Mergui Basin (Andaman Sea) contains east-northeast–west-southwest– to northeast-southwest–striking normal fault–bound basins, and north-northwest–south-southeast–trending strike-slip faults. The two largest strike-slip faults (Manora and Mergui) pass into extensional or transtensional basins at their tips, consistent with dextral offset. The faults provide examples of early stage pull-apart basin development at fault tips instead of the more common model for development at releasing bends. Offset of isochron markers for the Ranong Formation indicate that ∼8 km of dextral offset has occurred along the Mergui fault and 4.5 km of dextral offset has occurred on the Manora fault. The strike-slip faults and associated extensional faults formed relatively late for the history of the entire Mergui Basin during the Early Miocene. The northern part of the Mergui Basin developed after a phase of west-northwest-east-southeast extension during the Oligocene in the Mergui Basin to the south, indicating a rotation in the extension direction toward the north-northwest–south-southeast with time. The basin is part of a major transtensional system involving the Sumatra, West Andaman, and Sagaing faults that accommodated the northern motion of western Myanmar as India moved north relative to Southeast Asia. Fault activity in the northern Mergui Basin decreased significantly when the broad zone of Early Miocene transtension became focused on the Alcock and Sewell Rises during the Middle Miocene, and the West Andaman and Sagaing faults began to develop and interacted in a large pull-apart geometry with the Shan Scarp Fault, and later (Late Miocene or Pliocene) with the Sagaing Fault.
Tomographic imaging of the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere over central-eastern Brazil

A four-dimensional time-dependent tomographic algorithm, named Multi Instrument Data Analysis System (MIDAS), is used to image the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere over the central-eastern sides of the Brazilian territory. From differential phase data obtained by a chain of ground-based GPS receiver the total electron content (TEC) is estimated and then, together with a modeled ionosphere from International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model, the electron density distribution is reconstructed and the parameters of the F2-peak layer are accessed from the images. This paper presents the first study of ionospheric tomography using real dual-frequency data from the Brazilian Network for Continuous GPS Monitoring (RBMC). Ionospheric F2-peak electron density (NmF2) accessed from the images are compared to concurrent measurements from three ionosondes installed across Brazil. One year of data during the solar maximum period from March/2001 to February/2002 is used to analyze the seasonal and hourly variation of the F2-layer peak density. The accuracy with which MIDAS images the electron density during geomagnetic quiet periods is investigated through its correlation and deviation with the ionosonde and IRI model data, respectively. The main aspects of the reconstruction results at the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region over Brazil are highlighted and discussed.
On the interpersonal regulation of emotions: Emotional reliance across gender, relationships, and cultures

Three studies examine people’s willingness to rely on others for emotional support. We propose that emotional reliance (ER) is typically beneficial to well-being. However, due to differing socialization and norms, ER is also expected to differ across gender and cultures. Further, following a self-determination theory perspective, we hypothesize that ER is facilitated by social partners who support one’s psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Results from the studies supported the view that ER is generally associated with greater well-being and that it varies significantly across different relationships, cultural groups, and gender. Within-person variations in ER were systematically related to levels of need satisfaction within specific relationships, over and above betweenperson differences. The discussion focuses on the adaptive value and dynamics of ER.
Element Composition of Trachelomonas Envelopes (Euglenophyta)

Cells of euglenoid Trachelomonas Ehrenb. vary in the size, shape and appearance of the external envelope’s ornamentation, as well as internal structure. The loricae are generally similar in color, ranging from light (hyaline, yellowish, golden, reddish, brownish) to dark (brown, black). This study examined the loricae of twelve trachelomonad species, some light (yellow to golden) and some dark (brown). There were no black loricae, suggesting that little or no Mn was taken up by the cells. Though the envelopes differed in surface ornamentation and color, comparative SEM-EDS analyses of all the material studied showed high iron content, silicon mineralization, and no manganese. The degree of iron and silicon mineralization varied. Some loricae had high silicon content (e.g., T. compacta Middelhoeck) and others were more saturated by iron ions (T. manginii Deflandre, T. lacustris Drezep.).
The Effect of STAD Technique on the Idiom Learning of Low-Intermediate Institute Language Learners

Learning a language is learning how to communicate in culturally, socially and academically in appropriate ways consistent with the norms and customs of the target language users. Cooperative learning as a technique used by teachers can assist students in improving essential social skills. This study aimed to investigate the effect of STAD technique on learning idioms of low-intermediate EFL learners. In addition, it aimed to compare the idiom learning of male and female language learners based on STAD. Sixty low-intermediate language learners were selected from No’andishan language institutes in Sari. Oxford Placement Test and the idiom learning package test were used in this study. Results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups on the posttest of the idiom. The STAD group performed better on the post-test of idiom. No significant difference between the mean scores of the males and females on the posttest of the idiom was found.