Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXISTENCE OF BOREL TRANSVERSALS IN GROUPS

If M is a closed subgroup of a locally compact group G, we consider the problem of finding a measurable transversal for the cosets G\M — {gM: qeG}—a. measurable subset T c G which meets each coset just once. To each transversal T corresponds a unique cross-section map τ: G/M —> T c G such that π o τ — id, where π: G —> G/M is the canonical mapping. For many purposes it is important to produce reasonably well behaved cross sections for the cosets G/M, and the generality of results obtained is often limited by one's ability to prove that such cross-sections exist. It is well known that, even if G is a connected Lie group, smooth (continuous) cross-sections need not exist; however Mackey ([3], pp. 101-139) showed, using the theory of standard Borel spaces, that a Borel measurable cross section exists if G is a separable (second countable) locally compact group. In this paper topological methods, independent of the theory of standard Borel spaces, are applied to show that Borel measurable cross-sections exist if G is any locally compact group and M any closed subgroup which is metrizable (first countable). The constructions become very simple if G is separable, and give a direct proof that Borel cross-sections exist in this familiar situation.
Progress Report on Plant Pathology Research at Merensky Technological Services

Two avocado blocks, a Hass block planted in 1981 on Duke 7 rootstocks, and a Fuerte block planted in 1980 on Guatemalan seedling rootstocks, have been treated with antagonists since 1992. Three fungal antagonists, Paecilomyces lilacinus (PREM 50933), Aspergillus candidus (PREM 50935) and Trichoderma hamatum (PREM 50938), and also a mixture of all three, were applied annually during October/November as a spore suspension at 10 propagules/gram soil (calculated for the top 10 cm of soil). Due to poor tree condition of the Hass block, trees received fosetyl-Al injections for root rot control until January 1993 after which injections were terminated. The tree condition and yield, antagonist and Phytophthora cinnamomi (Pc) populations, and suppressiveness of the soils are monitored annually. To date none of these criteria have been significantly influenced by the antagonist applications.
Association between Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Graves’ Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Background & Aims: Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection is proposed to be related with autoimmune diseases, such as Graves’ Disease (GD). This study aimed to assess the association between H. pylori infection and GD. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using Pubmed and Cochrane library. The quality of enrolled studies was assessed by the Critical Appraisal Skills Program Oxford. A fixed-effect model approach was used if there was no heterogeneity; otherwise, a random-effect model was used. Heterogeneity was assessed using I 2 . Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot. All data were analyzed using REVIEW MANAGER 5.3. Results: Six studies from Europe and Asia involving 983 patients were included. Overall H. pylori infection was significantly associated with GD (OR 2.7; 95% CI: 1.47-4.99; p < 0.001). In subgroup analysis of 3 studies using non-serological diagnostic method, the prevalence rate of H. pylori infection was higher in GD group (78.26% VS 42.42%) with significant relationship (OR 4.93; 95% CI: 3.16-7.69; p < 0.00001; I 2 = 0%). The CagA antibody prevalence was significantly higher in GD group (46.57% VS 20.29%; OR 4.41; 95% CI: 2.65-7.33; p < 0.00001; I 2 = 56%). No publication bias was observed. Conclusion: Our study showed association between H. pylori infection and GD. It might suggest the need of H. pylori examination in GD patients and the impact of H. pylori eradication in the treatment of GD.
The efficiency of AMEn and TMEn utilization for NE in broiler diets

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the feed intake, body weight gain, total energy (kJ), protein (g) intake, energy and protein efficiency ratio (EER, PER), net energy, and metabolic body weight, on two commercial broiler chickens (Arian and Ross 308 strains). Four treatmentsincluded diets formulated based onAMEn(kJ/g) Total Amino Acid (TAA) (T1), AMEn(kJ/g) Digestible Amino Acid (T2), TMEn (kJ/g) Total Amino Acid (T3), and TMEn (kJ/g) Digestible Amino Acid (DAA) (T4) for commercial broilers chickens. The findings of the study indicated that AMEn or TMEn treatments yielded improved utilization of net energy in 42 days, but did not affect the efficiency of dietary AMEn and TMEn for net energy, diet energy and protein efficiency ratio (EER, PER) in broilers. Findings indicated that NE is a better predictor of poultry feeds than AMEn or TMEn. This is attributed to the fact that AMEn had a significant effect on NE and efficiency of AMEn or TMEn and HI (Heat Increment) for NE value. Finally, NE is the final objective of energy evaluation of feed and feedstuffs for poultry nutrition.
Nonlocal photopolymerization kinetics including multiple termination mechanisms and dark reactions. Part I. Modeling

The photochemical processes present during free-radical-based holographic grating formation are examined. A kinetic model is presented, which includes, in a more nearly complete and physically realistic way, most of the major photochemical and nonlocal photopolymerization-driven diffusion effects. These effects include: (i) non-steady-state kinetics (ii) spatially and temporally nonlocal polymer chain growth (iii) time varying photon absorption (iv) diffusion controlled viscosity effects (v) multiple termination mechanisms, and (vi) inhibition. The convergence of the predictions of the resulting model is then examined. Comparisons with experimental results are carried out in Part II of this series of papers [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B26, 1746 (2009)].
Mass segregation in young compact clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud - III. Implications for the initial mass function

The distribution of core radii of rich clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) systematically increases in both upper limit and spread with increasing cluster age. Cluster-to-cluster variations in the stellar initial mass function (IMF) have been suggested as an explanation. We discuss the implications of the observed degree of mass segregation in our sample clusters for the shape of the initial mass function. Our results are based on Hubble Space Telescope/WFPC2 observations of six rich star clusters in the LMC, selected to include three pairs of clusters of similar age, metallicity and distance from the LMC centre, and exhibiting a large spread in core radii between the clusters in each pair. All clusters show clear evidence of mass segregation: (i) their luminosity function slopes steepen with increasing cluster radius, and (ii) the brighter stars are characterized by smaller core radii. For all sample clusters, both the slope of the luminosity function in the cluster centres and the degree of mass segregation are similar to each other, within observational errors of a few tenths of power-law slope fits to the data. This implies that their initial mass functions must have been very similar, down to ∼0.8–1.0 M⊙. We therefore rule out variations in the IMF of the individual sample clusters as the main driver of the increasing spread of cluster core radii with cluster age.
Time and sequence of eruption of primary teeth in relation to breastfeeding in sudanese children

Background: The eruption age at which the deciduous teeth start appearing in the oral cavity has been of great significance and interest to investigators and parents mainly due to its relation to the growth and development of the child. Objectives: To determine the mean eruption time and sequence of primary dentition among a sample of Sudanese children in Khartoum localities and to investigate the effect of gender and breastfeeding pattern on the timing and sequence of eruption. Materials and Methods: Random sample of 563 Sudanese children (283 boys and 280 girls) age 4-40 months were clinically examined and inspected for the eruption of primary teeth. The age of eruption of the teeth was estimated using Probit regression. Results: All the primary teeth erupted earlier in boys than in girls except the first primary molars. The first primary teeth to erupt were the mandibular central incisors at the mean age of 8.02 ± 3.28 months. No significant difference was found in the eruption time between right and left sides of jaws as well as between children with exclusive breastfeeding and non exclusive breastfeeding. Keywords : Eruption time; Primary teeth; Lower incisors; Deciduous molars.
Do dividend policies signal Corporate Operating Characteristics

Dividend policy is one of controversial financial issues. There are various theories about dividend but in this study, the focus is on empirical test of signaling theory. This theory says that the payment of dividends provides information for investors and analysts. The aim of this study is preparing the evidence on dividend signaling about corporate operating characteristics (return, performance and earning). Therefore, linear regression models were fitted. Results showed that significantly positive correlation exists between dividend and return. Also, there was a similar relationship between dividend and earning. It means that dividend has information content about return and earning and so, signaling theory was approved about them. Nonetheless, a significant relationship was not funded between dividend and performance proxies and so, signaling theory was not approved. In addition to, there was a significantly positive relationship between dividend and size. It indicates that larger firms pay more dividends.
A Dissection of Bookbuilt IPOs: Subscriptions, Underpricing, and Initial Returns

Certain unique characteristics of the Indian bookbuilding process allow us to study the timing and subscription pattern of different investor groups and to dissect the IPO returns into two distinct components: one relating to pre-listing underpricing set by the underwriter and the initial return from first day's trade in the post-listing period. The transparency of the bookbuilding process in India alleviates the winner's curse problem for the uninformed investors and we find that non-institutional buyers follow institutional investors' subscription patterns when bidding for the IPO shares. However, Indian IPOs still exhibit significant positive initial return in the post-listing aftermarket, even after the removal of the underwriters' power of discretionary allocations to preferred institutional clients. These results are inconsistent with Rock's (1986) winner's-curse explanation for positive IPO initial returns and also with that of Benevineste and Spindts' (1989) preferred allocation/information extraction quid pro quo model. We find that the IPO initial return is driven primarily by the unmet demand of the noninstitutional investor groups and consider these results to be generally supportive of Derrien (2005) and Ljungqvist, Nanda and Singh (2006).
Daily settlement variability of the barnacle Semibalanus cariosus: importance of physical factors and density-dependent processes

Settlement abundances of barnacles are determined by larval supply and the ratio of settlement to larval supply (K) This ratio can be divlded into 2 funchons the ratlo of settlement on bare space to larval supply (k , ) , and the loss of cypnds due to the preempting of rock space by sessde orgamsms (k,) To exarmne the 3 functions of settlement ( l e larval supply, k , and k, ) of the barnacle Sembalanus Carlosus, we monitored the daily water column larval supply and the dally settlement density in plots where all benthos were removed and in natural-community plots, which were leit undisturbed, dunng one settling season In both lowand mid-tidal sites, k , explained >? 5% of day-to-day variabdity in K k , and k2 were density dependent, whde daily settlement densities were linearly related to larval supply k , varied with tidal height and dady larval supply, but not wlth other physical vanables k2 vaned with daily settlement densities in community-removal plots and was not related to any physical or biolog~cal vanable Such dens~ ty dependence in k, and k2 may have been caused by 3 processes (1) inhibition of larval settlement by planktonic larvae, (2) enhancement of settlement by conspec~flcs (and t h e ~ r chenlical attractants) on days wlth relatively low larval density, and/or (3) preemptlon of suitable settlement substrata by settlers that attached on days w ~ t h relatively high larval density
Does bad posture affect the standing balance?

Abstract Introduction: Bad posture is a well-known problem in children and adolescents, and it has a negative effect in adulthood. It can be hypothesized that due to bad posture, changes in the body’s position cause changes in standing balance. Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the influence of bad posture on the standing balance of school-aged children based on independent time–distance- and frequency-based foot centre-of-pressure parameters. Subjects and Methods: Subjects included 171 children (113 with neutral posture (70 boys and 73 girls), mean age: 10.7 ± 1.1 years (range: 9–13), and 68 with bad posture (22 boys and 46 girls), mean age: 10.7 ± 1.2 (range: 9–13)). The parameters were derived from the motion of the centre of pressure on a platform equipped with pressure sensors, on which the subjects were standing for 60 s with both feet and open eyes. Results: When comparing the two groups, the load distribution difference between the legs and the medium–high-frequency band power ratio in the mediolateral direction showed a significant difference out of 17 centre-of-pressure parameters. However, the other 15 parameters did not show any significant differences. Conclusion: There is no clearly significant degradation of postural control in children with bad posture, as the effects of altered posture are continuously corrected by the central nervous system. The asymmetric load between the two sides may further degrade muscular imbalance; thus, correcting bad posture is an important task of physiotherapy.
Evolution of the Milky Way and Similar Massive Galaxies

Here, applying the lacking part of ultimate theory, i.e. the Scale-Symmetric Theory, evolution of the Milky Way (and similar massive galaxies) has to be explained descriptively and partially quantitatively. There is described production of the protoarms of the massive spiral galaxies, production of the Fermi Bubbles, and dwarf galaxies. Due to the two succeeding transformations of groups of the binary systems of electron-positron pairs via the electromagnetic-type weak condensates inside the bare electrons, there are emitted the gamma-rays with central values of energy in approximation equal to: 1.3 GeV, 2.6 GeV, 5.3 GeV, 10.6 GeV, 21 GeV, 42 GeV and 85 GeV. For muon-antimuon pair we obtain about 137 GeV, whereas for kaon-antikaon pair is 639 GeV.
Spin-orbit angle measurements for six southern transiting planets: New insights into the dynamical origins of hot Jupiters

Context. Several competing scenarios for planetary-system formation and evolution seek to explain how hot Jupiters came to be so close to their parent stars. Most planetary parameters evolve with time, making it hard to distinguish between models. The obliquity of an orbit with respect to the stellar rotation axis is thought to be more stable than other parameters such as eccentricity. Most planets, to date, appear aligned with the stellar rotation axis; the few misaligned planets so far detected are massive (\textgreater2 M-J). Aims. Our goal is to measure the degree of alignment between planetary orbits and stellar spin axes, to search for potential correlations with eccentricity or other planetary parameters and to measure long term radial velocity variability indicating the presence of other bodies in the system. Methods. For transiting planets, the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect allows the measurement of the sky-projected angle beta between the stellar rotation axis and a planet's orbital axis. Using the HARPS spectrograph, we observed the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect for six transiting hot Jupiters found by the WASP consortium. We combine these with long term radial velocity measurements obtained with CORALIE. We used a combined analysis of photometry and radial velocities, fitting model parameters with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. After obtaining beta we attempt to statistically determine the stribution of the real spin-orbit angle psi. Results. We found that three of our targets have beta above 90 degrees: WASP-2b: beta = 153 degrees(+11)(-15), WASP-15b: beta = 139.6 degrees(+5.2)(-4.3) and WASP-17b: beta = 148.5 degrees(+5.1)(-4.2); the other three (WASP-4b, WASP-5b and WASP-18b) have angles compatible with 0 degrees. We find no dependence between the misaligned angle and planet mass nor with any other planetary parameter. All six orbits are close to circular, with only one firm detection of eccentricity e = 0.00848(-0.00095)(+0.00085) in WASP-18b. No long-term radial acceleration was detected for any of the targets. Combining all previous 20 measurements of beta and our six and transforming them into a distribution of psi we find that between about 45 and 85% of hot Jupiters have psi \textgreater 30 degrees. Conclusions. Most hot Jupiters are misaligned, with a large variety of spin-orbit angles. We find observations and predictions using the Kozai mechanism match well. If these observational facts are confirmed in the future, we may then conclude that most hot Jupiters are formed from a dynamical and tidal origin without the necessity to use type I or II migration. At present, standard disc migration cannot explain the observations without invoking at least another additional process.
The evolution of a dominated alliance: a game theoretic approach

Strategic multi-partner alliances run the risk of becoming instable because of opportunistic behavior by their members. Insights from a game theoretic social dilemma approach can explain how to avoid such instability. What happens to this social dilemma and the stability of the alliance if one of the partners gains so much power during the alliance that the alliance becomes dominated? I will study the process of a balanced to an unbalanced alliance, and the effects these change have on the tension between commitment and opportunistic behavior of member firms. An n-person dynamic prisoner’s dilemma is used to study the evolution of equal alliances. For the study of dominated alliances I will rely on the literature on bargaining power and on an n-person dynamic version of the game of chicken.
Dead or alive? Viability assessment of micro- and mesoplankton

The rapid and efficient analysis of plankton samples (e.g. enumeration, identification, biomass determination) has been an important driver for recent technological developments in (semi-) automated analysis and imaging instruments. Most focus has been on identification and abundance estimates, while less attention has been given to viability, i.e. the assessment of whether the organisms are dead or alive. However, a wide spectrum of scientific applications requires accurate viability determinations, e.g. the monitoring of invasive species in ship ballast water. The transfer of species through ballast water forms a major threat to marine ecosystems, resulting in significant environmental and economic losses. A variety of viability stains and viability assessment methods are available, but there has been no systematic investigation how these methods perform for larger organisms (epsilon 50 m). We review the current procedures for viability determination for large plankton and present a cross-comparison of three methods: cell digestion assay (CDA), SYTOX Green nucleic acid staining and Neutral Red vital staining. The CDA and SYTOX Green methods did not perform well and gave various problems linked to the multicellular nature of zooplankton, autofluorescence and/or constraints set by the definition of cell death. Although some issues remain and there is no universal method, the Neutral Red vital stain proved the most robust viability method in this study and is broadly applicable to both phytoplankton and zooplankton larger than 50 m.
Interactive comment on “Effects of intersite dependence of nested catchment structures on probabilistic regional envelope curves” by B. Guse et al

" The paper has received 3 review comments, all of which essentially say the same thing: while the content of the paper is satisfactory and interesting, there needs to be substantial improvement in the presentation (also English). The reviewers give detailed comments and suggestions about how to improve the manuscript. The authors should take heed, and come up with a strategy to improve the readability and impact of the paper, including detailed point-by-point responses to the reviewers’ comments. I look
Transgenerational effects of three global change drivers on an endemic Mediterranean plant.

Plant populations are subjected to changes in their natural environment as a result of the incidence of simultaneous global change drivers. Despite the fact that these changes can largely affect early fitness components, information on the effects of simultaneous drivers of global change on offspring traits and performance is particularly scant. We analyzed the combined effect of three global change drivers of critical importance in Mediterranean ecosystems (habitat fragmentation, reductions in habitat quality and water availability) on germination and seedling performance of the gypsophile shrub Centaurea hyssopifolia. Seedlings from 39 mother plants from eight different environments (resulting from the combination of the three global change drivers) were sown and grown in a common garden. First, germination percentage, seedling size and seedling survival were monitored. Secondly, seedling performance and ecophysiological traits were measured under well and low-watered conditions. Fragmentation showed the largest negative effect on germination and offspring performance. Seedlings of mothers from small fragments germinated more slowly, showed lower survival, died faster, and showed lower photosynthetic rates under well-watered conditions compared to seedlings of mother plants from large populations. Seedlings of different maternal origins did not differ in their response to water stress or in their ability to survive to drought. Ninety-five percent of the seedlings survived until soil water content was as low as 3%. Our study shows that global change can have not only immediate impacts on plant populations but also transgenerational effects, and highlights the importance of studies involving multiple drivers and a more integral understanding of global change.