Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Tubal Fimbria Is a Preferred Site for Early Adenocarcinoma in Women With Familial Ovarian Cancer Syndrome

A proportion of adenocarcinomas in prophylactic adnexectomies (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomies [BSOs]) from women with BRCA mutations (BRCA positive) occur in the fallopian tube. We analyzed a consecutive series of BSOs from BRCA-positive women following an index case of fimbrial serous carcinoma. To determine if the fimbria is a preferred site of origin, we followed a protocol for Sectioning and Extensively Examining the FIMbria (SEE-FIM). Immunostaining for p53 and Ki-67 was also performed. Thirteen BRCA-positive women (cases) and 13 women undergoing BSOs for other disorders (controls) were studied. Tubal carcinoma was detected in 4 cases at the initial histologic evaluation and in no controls. A fifth carcinoma was discovered following further sectioning of the fimbriae. Three were BRCA2 positive and two BRCA1 positive. Three were in the fimbria, one in both the fimbria and proximal tube, and one involved the ampulla. Four were serous carcinomas, four were confined to the tube, and three were noninvasive (intraepithelial). No ovarian carcinomas were identified. All tumors were Ki-67 positive (>75% of cell nuclei), and excluding one endometrioid carcinoma, p53 positive (>75% cell nuclei); p53 positivity in the absence of elevated Ki-67 did not correlate with morphologic neoplasia. The fimbria was the most common location for early serous carcinoma in this series of BRCA-positive women. Protocols that extensively examine the fimbria (SEE-FIM) will maximize the detection of early tubal epithelial carcinoma in patients at risk for ovarian cancer. Investigative strategies targeting the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube should further define its role in the pathogenesis of familial and sporadic ovarian serous carcinomas.
A general rule for the dependence of developmental rate on temperature in ectothermic animals

In animals that do not regulate their body temperature by the production of heat, the proportion of the total developmental time spent in a particular developmental stage does not change with temperature. In the quasi–linear region of the relationship between developmental rate and temperature, all of the developmental stages appear to have the same species–specific lower developmental threshold. This trait, which is called developmental isomorphy, constrains developmental adaptations of ectotherms to their environments and facilitates the precise timing of life–history events.
The Political Independence of Public Service Broadcasters

In this thesis, I demonstrate that the degree of political independence that a public service broadcaster has depends on the degree of legal protection given to it, and on the size of the market for news in that country. The latter affects broadcaster independence by creating more standardized and professionalized news, which in turn reduces politicians’ incentives to intervene in the broadcaster. The former affects broadcaster independence by making it less likely that such intervention will be effective. I demonstrate these claims in two ways. First, I conduct a large-N statistical analysis of 36 public service broadcasters (PSBs), in which I demonstrate that legal protection news market size are statistically significant predictors of PSB independence (as I operationalize it), and that other suggested explanatory factors — party system polarization and bureaucratic partisanship — have no effect. Second, I carry out a comparative historical analysis of six European PSBs — Radiotelevisione Italiana, Radiotelevision Espanola, Radio Telefis Eireann (Ireland), the British Broadcasting Corporation, Danmarks Radio, and Sveriges Radio and its associated companies (Sweden) — and substantiate the claims made in my statistical analysis. In particular, I demonstrate that where the market for news was bigger, broadcasters capitalised on pre-existing journalistic experience, adopting the house-styles of press agencies and learning from journalists’ associations. Conversely, where the market was small, that experience could not be drawn on, and broadcast journalism attracted political intervention.
Creating an Environment for Successful Nonfamily CEOs: An Exploratory Study of Good Principals

Nonfamily CEOs are an important part of the managerial efforts of many family businesses. However, little academic work has focused on these managers, who reside in the dual worlds of business and family. This article presents a study based on interviews with 27 family members and nonfamily CEOs (NFCs) with the objective of exploring what makes for successful NFCs. We find that successful nonfamily CEO engagements are characterized by the selection of an individual with both business and interpersonal competencies, and the support of both family business boards and councils.
STABILITY OF THE FEULGEN-DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID ABSORPTION CURVE IN SITU WITH VARIATION IN NUCLEAR PROTEIN CONTENT AND OTHER FACTORS

1. The influence of certain variables upon the shape of the Feulgen absorption curve of mouse liver nuclei has been studied in situ using cytophotometric equipment. The accuracy and reproduciblity of the cytophotometer was ascertained by various procedures. 2. The absorption curve usually is represented by a primary peak at about 585 mµ and a slight secondary peak at about 550 mµ. Reduction or removal of nuclear protein by extraction or enzymatic procedures does not alter the shape of the curve. 3. Variations in hydrolysis times do not alter the shape of the curve obtained with nuclei fixed in Zenker's fluid. There are some differences indicated around the secondary peak of formalin-fixed tissue following different hydrolysis times. 4. Comparison of absorption curves of nuclei fixed in different fixatives shows negligible differences. 5. There are no differences in the absorption curves of nuclei isolated in one per cent citric acid and in nuclei isolated in 0.88 M sucrose.
A Fast Endmember Extraction Algorithm Based on Gram Determinant

In the field of endmember extraction, most methods involve calculating the volume of simplex in high-dimensional space. Two different simplex volume formulas are used in these methods. One requires dimensionality reduction (DR); therefore, it may result in loss of the information of targets classes with a low priori probability, such as that used in N-FINDR. The other one, which is based on Gram determinant, avoids DR but is time consuming. In this letter, we explain a recursion rule of the calculation for the second simplex volume. Based on that rule, this letter presents a fast endmember extraction algorithm named as Fast Gram Determinant based Algorithm (FGDA). The theoretical analysis and experiments on both simulated and real hyperspectral data demonstrate that, compared to other volume-based methods, FGDA can greatly reduce the computational complexity of endmember extraction.
New Lactococcus Strain with Immunomodulatory Activity: Enhancement of Th1‐Type Immune Response

Few studies exist dealing with the probiotic activity of lactococci, which are commonly used as starter bacteria in the manufacture of many kinds of fermented dairy products. Fifteen strains of the genus Lactococcus were examined for their probiotic activities, such as immunomodulatory effects. Six strains induced the production of cytokines (IL‐12, IL‐6, and TNF‐α) in macrophage‐like cell line J774.1, and the highest induction was observed with Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis G50. The cytokine induction in the J774.1 cell line was almost entirely sustained after heat‐killing of the strain. Spleen cells from BALB/c mice fed G50 culture produced more IL‐12 and IFN‐γ and slightly less IL‐4 and IL‐6 than the control (i.e., without strain G50), indicating that strain G50 can enhance Th1‐type immune response in vivo. The effect of the oral administration of strain G50 on antibody response in mice was also investigated. Mice were immunized with ovomucoid (OVM), a potent egg allergen, and the antibody level in the serum was then determined. The total IgE antibody level in the group treated with strain G50 was significantly lower than that of the control. The response of OVM‐specific IgG1 and IgE antibodies tended to be low in the group that was administered strain G50, compared with the response of the control group. These results suggest that strain G50 has an ability to suppress the Th2 response. Thus, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis G50 is a potential probiotic strain for the suppression of hypersensitive reactions caused by the Th2 response.
Mass Housing in Europe: Multiple Faces of Development, Change and Response

Preface Mass Housing Estates on Different Tracks: An Introduction to the Book S.Musterd, R.van Kempen & R.Rowlands Theories of Neighbourhood Change and Decline: Their Significance for Post-WWII Large Housing Estates in European Cities E.van Beckhoven, G.Bolt & R.van Kempen PART I: DIFFERENT PERCEPTIONS Resident Satisfaction in Large Post-WWII Large Housing Estates K.Dekker & R.van Kempen Estates of Content: Regeneration and Neighbourhood Satisfaction W.P.C.van Gent A Resident's View on Social Mix S.Musterd PART II: DIFFERENCE IN PLACE Public Space in Large Housing Estates R.Sendi, M.B. Aalbers & M.Trigueiro Effects of Physical Measures on Social Cohesion: Case Studies in the Netherlands and Slovenia K.Dekker & M.Filipovi? PART III: DIFFERENCE IN POLICY AND APPROACH Large Housing Estates, Policy Interventions and the Implications for Policy Transfer A.Murie & R.van Kempen Local Participation in Large Housing Estates: A Comparison of the Netherlands, Spain and Hungary E.van Beckhoven, B.van Boxmeer & H.Szemz? Whose Regeneration? The Spectre of Revanchist Regeneration R.Rowlands & A.Murie Deepening Crisis or Homes for the Future? Some Reflections and Implications for Policies in Large Housing Estates R.van Kempen, S.Musterd & R.Rowlands
The impact of management's tone on the perception of management's credibility in forecasting

vii 1.0 Introduction. 1 2.0. Theoretical Background and Hypotheses Development. 5 2.1 Credibility and Management Forecasting. 5 2.2 Credibility and Investor Belief Revision . 8 3.0 Research Method . 29 3.
The value of Olympic success and the intangible effects of sport events – a contingent valuation approach in Germany

Abstract Olympic Games produce tangible and intangible effects that have been extensively researched; however, little is known on the importance of Olympic success to the population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of Olympic success using the contingent valuation method (CVM). The empirical evaluation is undertaken with data from a nationwide population survey in Germany (n=2006). Residents were asked to state their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for Germany being ranked first in the medal table and for a German winning a gold medal in track and field at the 2012 London Olympics. Average WTP amounts to €6.13 and €5.21, respectively. The regression results show that consumption capital and intangible factors were significant determinants of WTP. The findings can be integrated into cost-benefit analyses that are carried out for major sport events and can help justifying the use of taxpayer money to finance major sport events and elite sport development.
A Comparative Analysis of Earnings Forecasts in Europe

This study examines the accuracy and bias of financial analysts' EPS forecasts in nine European countries during 1987 to 1995. There are significant differences between the countries which may be due to the differences in earnings behaviour, accounting practices, and the influence of securities markets. An optimistic bias is endemic in European forecasts, consistent with research from the US. Investors who incorporate earnings forecasts in their stock selection procedures may be able to improve returns by explicitly adjusting their models for observed regularities in earnings forecast errors. However, we have shown that these regularities differ in incidence and magnitude across the countries studied, and further research is needed to effectively model these differences.
What does tumour necrosis factor excess do to the immune system long term?

Members of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)/TNF-receptor (TNF-R) superfamily coordinate the immune response at multiple levels. For example, TNF, LTα, LTβ and RANKL provide signals required for lymphoid neogenesis, CD27, OX-40, 4-1BB and CD30 deliver costimulatory signals to augment immune responses, while pro-apoptotic members such as TNF, CD95L and TRAIL may contribute to the termination of the response. Biological identity of individual family members has been revealed through studies of gain of function or gene deficient mutants. Most notable are the development of spontaneous inflammatory polyarthritis in human TNF-globin transgenic mice, the auto-inflammatory syndromes resulting from mutations in the 55-kDa TNF-R, and, in particular, the obligatory role for the RANKL/RANK axis in osteoclastogenesis and bone remodelling. A growing appreciation of the molecular basis of signalling pathways transduced by TNF-R has provided a framework for better understanding the biology of this expanding family. For while the rapid and robust activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways is typical of acute TNF-R engagement, the molecular basis of sustained receptor signalling remains a mystery, in spite of its relevance to chronic inflammatory and immune responses. Focusing on T cells, this report describes some of the molecular footprints of sustained TNF-R engagement and illustrates how these may influence immune function. A common theme arising is that prolonged TNF stimulation alters signalling thresholds over time. The authors propose that one major outcome of long term exposure to TNF is a state of localised IL-2 deficiency at sites of inflammation. The implications of this deficiency are discussed.
Tracheal intubation of healthy pediatric patients without muscle relaxant: a survey of technique utilization and perceptions of safety.

UNLABELLED We conducted a survey of Society for Pediatric Anesthesia anesthesiologists practicing within the United States to determine the frequency of tracheal intubation of healthy infants and children using an inhaled anesthetic without muscle relaxation (IAWMR). We also examined reasons for the use of this technique. Of all responders who listed their most often used technique for tracheal intubation of healthy infants and children, IAWMR was chosen over intubation with a muscle relaxant by 38.1% and 43.6%, respectively. Anesthesiologists who most often used IAWMR for tracheal intubation of healthy infants and children had over twice the odds (odds ratio [OR] 2.30 for infants, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-4.50; P = 0.015) of classifying their own practice as nonacademic, and one-third the odds (OR 0.34 for infants, 95% CI 0.17-0.68; P = 0.002) of conducting more than half of their cases in a supervisory role. Anesthesiologists who use IAWMR to tracheally intubate healthy pediatric patients most commonly selected as their reasons the lack of need for a muscle relaxant and the desire to avoid both succinylcholine and the excessive duration of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. IMPLICATIONS Inhaled anesthetic without muscle relaxation is the most often used method of intubation for more than one third of Society for Pediatric Anesthesia anesthesiologists when tracheally intubating healthy, fasted pediatric patients undergoing elective procedures. The frequency of this practice seems to be highest in nonacademic practices.
Patient Satisfaction, Trust and Commitment: Mediator of Service Quality and Its Impact on Loyalty (An Empirical Study in Southeast Sulawesi Public Hospitals)

The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize hospital service quality into its component indicators from the perspectives of patients. More specifically, this research aims to test and explain empirically the mediators of relationship between patient satisfaction, trust, commitment and loyalty in public hospitals Southeast Sulawesi of Indonesia. The study employs questionnaire-survey approach to obtain the perceptions of patients. The instruments developed have been validated using tests for reliability, validity and unit- dimensionality. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that service quality has positive and significant effects on patient satisfaction, and patients trust and commitment significantly affect patient's loyalty. However, the patient satisfaction has no significant effect on patient's loyalty. In addition, patient trust and commitment is positively affected by patient satisfaction. Further, this research can prove an increase in patient satisfaction capable improve patient loyalty through the mediating role of patient trust and commitment (complete mediation), but patient satisfaction did not mediate the relationship between service quality toward patient loyalty. Finally, high level of patient commitment proved to be an partial mediator the relationship between trust toward patient loyalty. Originality of this study conceptualizes hospital service quality as an five-indicators framework. Further, it also presents integrated model the relationship between service quality, patient satisfaction and loyalty, with patient trust and
Indeterminacy and Unemployment Fluctuations with Constant Returns to Scale in Production

We extend the finance-constrained economy proposed by Woodford (1986) to incorporate imperfectly insured unemployment, by introducing unions and unemployment benefits financed by labour taxation. We show that this simple extension of the Woodford model changes drastically its stability conditions and local dynamics around the steady state. In fact, in contrast to related models in the literature, we find that under constant returns to scale in production: (i) indeterminacy always prevails in the case of a unitary elasticity of substitution between capital and labour; (ii) flip and Hopf bifurcations occur for empirically credible elasticities of substitution between capital and labour, so that a rich set of dynamics may emerge at ‘realistic’ parameters’ values.
Do Representatives Represent?

A LTHOUGH POLITICAL SCIENTISTS have devoted considerable attention to questions concerning the extent to which representatives in legislative bodies actually represent their constituents, there are few opportunities to determine by objective tests whether votes of legislators are consistent with the wishes of their constituents. Partisan factors, ideological principles, complex questions concerning the intensity of interested groups, and problems of interpreting polling results often make it difficult for observers to state with certainty whether a representative has represented his constituents in a given situation. Some developments in Wisconsin in 1957, however, have made possible a test of the extent to which representatives represent which has an objectivity which can seldom be found for political science case studies. ' Wisconsin legislators were faced, with a bill in February, 1957, which would establish daylight saving time, subject to the approval of the voters in a referendum to be conducted during the non-partisan and local elections of April, 1957.2 The bill itself would establish daylight time, but would require the approval of the majority of voters to become operative. Most legislators regarded their votes on this bill as votes for or against daylight time. Their votes were, therefore, matters of greater concern than votes for a purely advisory referendum bill, which those legislators who, were in doubt could have easily voted for with the intention of determining what their constituents did want. A larger study of the 1957 Wisconsin Assembly, the lower house of the Wisconsin Legislature, enabled the author to determine something about the extent to which assemblymen represented their constituents on this issue and to determine how assemblymen per-
Ocular von Hippel–Lindau disease: clinical update and emerging treatments

Purpose of review von Hippel–Lindau disease is an inherited, multisystemic cancer syndrome often involving the retina. This review will provide an update for the clinical characterization and treatment of ocular von Hippel–Lindau disease. Recent findings A comprehensive and quantitative clinical characterization of ocular von Hippel–Lindau disease has been limited by small patient numbers and nonrepresentative sampling. Recently, a large population of patients with clinically and genetically defined von Hippel–Lindau disease was systemically characterized in a single center, enabling a quantitative evaluation of the ocular involvement of this syndrome. Correlations between the nature of von Hippel–Lindau gene mutations and the ocular phenotype were also examined, providing clues as to how disruptions in von Hippel–Lindau protein function may result in eye disease. This understanding may be relevant to the development of new therapies targeting the molecular biology of von Hippel–Lindau disease, some of which are presently being investigated. Summary Quantitative studies enable a full characterization of the impact of von Hippel–Lindau disease on eye health and visual function. Establishing correlations between the genotype of the von Hippel–Lindau mutation and the phenotype of eye disease may inform us as to how ocular von Hippel–Lindau disease arises, and help guide molecular interventions in ocular von Hippel–Lindau disease.
Bustup Takeover of Value-Destroying Diversified Firms

The authors examine whether the value loss from diversification affects takeover and breakup probabilities. They estimate diversification's value effect by imputing stand-alone values for individual business segments and find that firms with greater value losses are more likely to be taken over. Moreover, those acquired firms whose losses are greatest are most likely to be bought by leveraged buyouts associations, which frequently break up their targets. For a subsample of large diversified targets, higher value losses increase the extent of posttakeover bustup and post-takeover bustup generally results in divested divisions being operated as part of a focused, stand-alone firm. Copyright 1996 by American Finance Association.
Voter Turnout in the California Recall

Prior to the 2003 California recall election, pundits and academics pondered how a host of factors—including the historic nature of the election and the unusual cast of characters on the ballot—would influence voter turnout. Here, we examine two questions to shed some light on the turnout dynamics of the election: How was the recall electorate different from its 2002 counterpart, and what explains the 10% increase in registered voter turnout compared to 2002? Using the statewide voter file, we find the recall produced a younger, less partisan, and less politically experienced electorate. Citizens who stayed home in 2002 but cast ballots in 2003 tended to be intermittent voters. Media attention appears to have helped boost turnout, confirming in a new context other studies that find that lowering the costs of voting affects most strongly those citizens with demographic characteristics somewhere between habitual voters and hard-core and nonvoters.