Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-concepts and educational outcomes of Indigenous Australian students in urban and rural school settings

Indigenous Australians have been known to be disadvantaged in many ways although higher art and physical self-concepts have been reported with Indigenous samples. Given recent research demonstrating the reciprocal effects of achievement and self-concept in academic domains, Indigenous students may experience further disadvantages in both academic performance and self-concept. A sample of Indigenous and non-Indigenous students (N = 1,342) from schools in New South Wales (NSW), Australia were asked to respond to a survey measuring: five domains of self-concept (i.e., school, reading, mathematics, art, and physical abilities), two learning-related factors (enjoyment and participation), and a self-assessment of their school work. Their scores in a NSW state-wide assessment of students’ literacy and numeracy were also obtained. Confirmatory factor analysis established the self-concept and learning-related factors. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using a 2 (identity: Indigenous vs. Non-Indigenous) × 2 (region: urban vs. rural) design found significant effects of identity for all variables except for art self-concept. That is, non-Indigenous students scored higher than Indigenous students in literacy and numeracy tests, self-concepts, learning-related factors, and self-ratings of school work, irrespective of region. The results did not support previous research demonstrating a relatively higher art self-concept for Indigenous children based on stereotypical perspectives. These results imply that school personnel would be well advised to not assume stereotypic differences between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian students or assume a great difference between Indigenous students from urban and rural school settings. However, there seems to be a need for improving the school environment so as to promote Indigenous students’ performance and enjoyment of school life.
Assessment of Mathematics Teachers in a Public and a Private School: Implications to the Quality of Teaching Secondary Mathematics

Mathematics teachers’ quality continues as an enduring concern until now. This study attempts to address this concern by considering private and public schools. It measured the quality of Mathematics teachers using three indicators: teaching methods, teaching competencies, and students’ Mathematics performance. It used two schools in Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Philippines, namely, Nasipit National Vocational School (NNVS)—a public school—and St. Michael’s College of Caraga (SMCC)—a private school. The data were gathered using survey questionnaire, a researchers-made teaching methods inventory, and the Competency-Based Performance Appraisal System for Teachers Form (CBPAST) used by the Department of Education. Data revealed that teachers from NNVS and SMCC practiced frequently the teaching methods identified in the questionnaire. Their teaching competencies were high in all domains. These imply that the teachers of both schools possess the skill to teach with quality. Furthermore, data revealed that NNVS teachers’ and SMCC teachers’ extent of practice of teaching methods has no significant difference. Their levels of teaching competencies were also comparable. As to students’ performance, t-test showed a significant difference between their grades which further showed that SMCC students performed better (Fair) than NNVS students (Poor). This could be due to other moderating variables on the side of the NNVS students that affected their performance. The findings suggest teachers should continually improve their teaching methods, more preferably focusing on all learning domains. They should provide rooms for their own holistic development as Mathematics teachers. A deeper scrutiny of this issue would be interesting with larger samples and extensive analyses.
Knowledge and Practice of Restoring Endodontically Treated Teeth by Dentists in Panevezys

BACKGROUND: The most important purpose for dentists is restoring normal occlusion and function of the teeth after endodontic treatment. This is a difficult aim for dentists because it depends on the choice of post and core build-up material. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the present opinions and knowledge of Panevezys dentists about current strategies and materials to restore endodontically treated teeth. METHODS: The cross - sectional study used an original sample of 136 randomly selected Panevezys dentists. The semi-self administered questionnaire consisted of two parts: a demographic part and knowledge test. The questionnaires were distributed and collected between November 2016 and January 2017. RESULTS: The results demonstrate statistically significant dependency on use of metal posts by dentists who have practiced for more than 10 years compared with those who have practiced for less time (P<0.05). Younger dentists use glass-fiber posts more often, but there was no statistically significant difference (P=0.22). Respondents who work at state institutions do not prefer to use glass-fiber posts (P<0.05). The results show a statistically significant difference that prosthodontists are usually preferred to restore teeth with metal posts compared with endodontists and general practitioners (P<0.05). Root fracture is the most common complication when teeth are restored using metal post, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Methods and materials of restoring endodontically treated teeth depend on the group of teeth and defect size. The respondents decide to place an intracanal post when only two coronal walls or less are left.
Reducing Anxiety: Effect of Yogic Exercises and Meditation in the Improvement of Anxiety Score, Visual Reaction Time and Finger Dexterity Score

Objective: The concept of yoga is helpful for the depression and anxiety disorders have created a great interest in the medical research fields. The present study was designed in order to investigate whether yoga has a positive impact on reducing anxiety. Background: In the scenario of ever growing new technology, entering formal workplace; increasing amount of work stress at home & workplace, desire to perform more& more in less &less time, one need to put extra efforts to achieve success [11]. So the stress on an individual goes on increasing . The increased stress lead to stress related disorders. They usually produce negative impact in cognitive, behavioural, autonomic & somatic functions of an individual [6]. There is evidence that the practice of yoga improves physical and mental performance. Yoga included breathing exercises, asana, meditation and relaxation technique helps in decreasing the stress [16]. In the age group of 30 to 40 years problems like learning new technological skills at workplace, job insecurity, job dissatisfaction, lack of time for family, interpersonal relationship, frustration are very common, that causes stress, it is called midlife crisis [15]. Method: in this context, the present study was conducted to see the effect of yogic practices and meditation in reducing anxiety on 50 mildly stressed male volunteers in the age group of 30 to 40year. Stress was measured by anxiety score as an indicator of stress, also Visual reaction time as an indicator of cognitive function and finger dexterity score as an indicator of motor skills were measured. Anxiety score, visual reaction time (VRT) and finger dexterity score (FDS) were carried out before and after yoga training. Result: There was statistically significant improvement in anxiety score, visual reaction time and finger dexterity score (p<0.001) after yoga session. Conclusion: Thus, a combined practice of asana, breathing exercises, meditation & relaxation in a sequence is the best available resource to meet the present day needs of society.
EXPLORING THE DISTANCE EDUCATION STUDENTS’ CYBERBULLYING, CYBERVICTIMIZATION AND CYBERBULLYING SENSIBILITY LEVELS

The purpose of present research is to detect cyberbullying, cybervictimization and cyberbullying sensibility levels of distance education students and analyze these levels with respect to several variables. The research has been patterned on relational screening model. Study group consisted of 297 distance education students studying at university in Marmara region during fall term of 2012-2013 academic year. Data have been obtained via cyberbullying scale, cybervictimization scale and cyberbullying sensibility scale. In the analysis of obtained data descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis H and correlation tests have been utilized. Obtained findings manifested that distance education students received low scores on cyberbullying and mid level scores from cybervictimization; that they possess high sensibility towards cyberbullying and there is statistically meaningful differentiation between cyberbullying and cybervictimization. It has also been detected that the increase in Internet usage has accelerating effect on cyberbullying and cybervictimization and that there is correlation between cyberbullying and cybervictimization. Furthermore it has been revealed that compared to female students male students are engaged in higher levels of cyberbullying and they become cybervictimized more frequently.
Dietary protein requirement in common snook (Centropomus undecimalis ) juveniles reared in marine and brackish water

A total of 300 Centropomus undecimalis juveniles, with an average initial weight of 3.16 0.28 g and average total length of 7.17 0.22 cm, were reared for eight weeks using a recirculating system to determine the dietary protein requirement for their growth and survival. The eect of ve experimental diets containing 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60% total protein content and two salinities (brackish water, BW at 5 UPS and marine water, MW at 36 UPS) were assessed. Fish were fed ve times per day at 2.5% of total biomass. All treatments were performed in triplicate,recording the individual weight and total length every 15 d, while weight gain and daily growth rate were recorded at the end of the experiment. Mean weight increased proportionally as protein content increased, with the greatest growth occurring with a 60% protein diet for sh reared in brackish water, and 55% for sh in marine water. We consider that the protein requirement in C. undecimalis juveniles is high; in addition, it differs depending on the salinity, </
Earnings Smoothing and Bankruptcy Risk in Liquidating Private Firms

Smooth earnings are preferred by managers and creditors because they represent a stable business operations as well as low loan default risks and thus creditors reward firms which have smooth earnings with better loan covenant terms and lower interest rates. Nonetheless, recent literature shows that earnings smoothing in public firms is associated with stock price crash risk. Using Altman Z” score to measure firm’s specific bankruptcy risk, this study examines the association between accrual earnings smoothing and bankruptcy risk in liquidating private firms in UK and finds that earnings smoothing significantly negatively affects those firms' bankruptcy risk. The finding implies that financially distressed firms engage with less earnings smoothing, possibly because they do not have the opportunity to engage in accrual earnings smoothing anymore. Nonetheless, further examination shows that these firms engage less with earnings smoothing because they are being monitored by external creditors, indicated by significantly high leverage during the last period before they are being liquidated.
Second order inference in natural language semantics

In this paper I look at a number of apparently trivial validinferences (as well as some invalid and missing inferences) associatedwith the possessive construction and with different types ofadjectival modification of nouns. In the case of possessives, allanalyses I know of, whether implemented or not, systematicallysanction invalid inferences. In the case of adjectives, there are somemodel-theoretic linguistic analyses that are adequate at a theoretical level, but no satisfactory practical computational implementations that I am aware of which capture the correct inference patterns. A common thread between the possessive and the adjectivalconstructions is that to derive the correct inferences we need secondorder quantification. This is an uncontroversial move withinmodel-theoretic formal semantics but a problem for computationalsemantics, since we have no fully automated theorem provers foranything other than first order logic (and only for subsets of firstorder logic do we have provers that are both fully decidable andefficient). I explore what is needed to provide a proof-theoreticaccount of the relevant inference patterns, and suggest some analysesrequiring second order axioms. In order to make this a practicalcomputational possibility I go on to propose two techniques forapproximating such inferences in a first order setting. The suggestedanalyses have been fully implemented, and in an appendix I provide asmall FraCaS-like corpus of relevant examples, all of which arehandled correctly by the implementation.
Assessing the 2003 CAP Reform: Sensitivity to the Decoupling of Agenda 2000 Direct Payments

The European Union decided in June 2003 a new reform of its farm policy with a new step toward the decoupling of farm income support instruments. Available impact studies find that this reform will reduce production incentives, substantially for beef and to a lesser extent for arable crops. All these studies assume that the Agenda 2000 arable crop direct payments are already mostly decoupled while beef premiums are much more linked to production. Our main objective in this paper is to test the sensitivity of these results to this questionable modelling of Agenda 2000 direct payments which neglects eligibility rules and land market imperfections. Our analysis reveals that the negative effects of the reform on both arable crop and beef production are not sensitive to the modelling of Agenda 2000 direct payments. On the other hand, our analysis shows that, when the eligibility rules and land market imperfections are acknowledged, the decoupling effects may be much higher on the arable crop markets than on the beef markets. Policy implications of these results are finally derived.
Short-Sales Constraints and Aftermarket IPO Pricing

It is well established that initial public offerings (IPOs) tend to experience positive first-day returns followed by underperformance, especially around the expiration of lockup agreements. Miller’s (1977) theory offers a unified explanation based on divergence of investor opinions about fundamental value combined with short-sales constraints. Our paper provides a test of Miller’s explanation by analyzing detailed data from the securities lending market. While prior research is inconclusive with respect to the importance of Miller’s theory in the IPO setting, our paper finds evidence that the combination of heterogeneous investor opinions with short-sales constraints is key to explaining aftermarket IPO pricing.
A new typology of fathering: defining and associated variables

Our goal was to identify different types of parenting based on self-report measures of fathers' involvement and parental attitudes. The present investigation studied 468 two-parent, French Canadian families with at least one child between 0 and 6 years of age, living in a disadvantaged environment. The study, conducted on a sample of fathers, revealed the presence of the three basic types of parenting identified by Baumrind (authoritarian, authoritative and permissive), and also of a new type of parenting (stimulative parenting). The fathers in this latter group provide more emotional support to children and are more stimulating, as is evidenced by the greater psychological presence of children in the father's cognitions and by the fact that they more frequently introduce their children to new activities. These fathers are characterized by more secure social relationships. The father's parental stress level was found to be the most important variable discriminating between different types of fathering. Authoritarian and authoritative fathers are more at risk of maltreating their children because their more favourable attitude towards the use of physical punishment is combined with greater parental stress, less parental involvement of mothers, and a larger number of children in the home. Authoritarian fathers are even more at risk of maltreating their children because of more difficult family socioeconomic conditions, particularly lower levels of maternal education and income. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Characteristics and Constraints of Rural Enterprises

This brief review paper discusses the characteristics of rural enterprises and their typical constraints in the rural milieu. In as far as rural enterprises are concerned, there is a thin line of difference between their characteristics and constraints, hence, the combined discussion of both in this paper. The rural business environment itself also contributes to the characterization of rural enterprises and also helps shape some of the associated constraints. Being a review paper, the methodology is basically premised on a literature survey of both theoretical and empirical research papers that characterize rural enterprises as well discussing their constraints. This paper is an extract of a broader literature review undertaken for a PhD study on rural enterprise development. The following constitute the major findings from the literature in as far as characteristics and constraints of rural enterprises are concerned: agriculture/land based enterprises; small and micro businesses; less growth oriented; small size of local market; stiff competition; poor access to finance; poor transportation and communication; lack of skilled labour; low availability of business premises; informality; lack of innovativeness; poor networking opportunities; lack of technology; poor quality products; poor status of local institutions; limited business management skills and low access to business support, among others that are detailed in the paper. This paper is of value in as far as it gives a clear characterization of rural enterprises and their constraints and therefore it can be used for development of rural enterprise support policies in fostering the growth of the rural economy.
A study on communication behaviour of agricultural input users of Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttrakhand, India

This research aims to study the communication behaviour of the agricultural input users or farmers in order to find the deficiencies in this field with expectation to highlight the sources of information preferred and extent of extension agency contacts in the areas. Based on this, a strategy can be worked out to disseminate effective agricultural information to the farmers. The communication behavior in this study includes four variables i.e. mass media exposure, extension contacts, source of information and information satisfaction, covering both overt and covert behavioural components. This study was conducted at Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttrakhand state, where two villages namely; Chhinki and Deoria were selected randomly and from these villages, the data were collected with the help of semi structured interview schedule from randomly selected 160 respondents. The findings revealed that the most preferred (61.25%) personal localite communication sources for seeking information regarding agricultural practices were their neighbours or family members followed by local agricultural inputs sellers (13.75%). From personal cosmopolite sources, 51.87 % respondents were preferred to the representatives of the private companies followed by the agricultural university staffs (40%). The majority of respondents (83.75 %) were not associated with any membership in their social system followed by membership (16.25%). It has been reported that even after the sixty six years of independence farmers are still traditionalists, hardliners, shy and ignorant about the agricultural and overall development of the country.
Theoretical Insights into Three Types of Oxidized Starch-Based Adhesives: Chemical Stability, Water Resistance, and Shearing Viscosity from a Molecular Viewpoint

To better understand the origin and difference associated with chemical stability, water resistance, and shearing viscosity of three types of different oxidized modified starch-based adhesives, a detailed theoretical investigation from a molecular viewpoint has been performed using the AM1 semiempirical level and the DFT-B3LYP level, respectively. As a result, our findings suggest that, by Mulliken population analysis (MPA), frontier orbital analysis, and electrostatic potential (EP) analysis based on B3LYP/6-31G calculations, the chemical stability, water resistance, and shearing viscosity of the oxidized modified starch-based adhesives are uniformly improved and corresponding difference for each property presents an identical order: the oxidized grafted cross-linked starch-based adhesive > the oxidized grafted starch-based adhesive > the oxidized starch-based adhesive, which is well consistent with experimental results.
Relativistic hydrodynamic jets in the intracluster medium

We have performed the first three-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of extragalactic jets of pure leptonic and baryonic plasma compositions propagating into a hydrostatic intracluster medium environment. The numerical simulations use a general equation of state for a multi-component relativistic gas which closely reproduces the Synge equation of state for a relativistic perfect gas. We find that morphological and dynamical differences between leptonic and baryonic jets are much less evident than those between hot and cold jets. In all these models, the jets first propagate with essentially constant velocities within the core radius of the intracluster medium and then accelerate progressively so as to increase the jet advance velocity by a factor of between 1.2 and 1.6 at the end of simulations, depending upon the models. The temporal evolution of the average cavity pressure is not consistent with that expected by the extended theoretical model even if the average cavity pressure decreases as a function of time with a power-law. Our simulations produce synthetic radio images that are dominated by bright hot spots and appear similar to observations of the extended radio galaxies with collimated radio jets. These bright radio lobes would be visible as dark regions in X-ray images and are morphologically similar to observed X-ray cavities in the intracluster medium. This supports the expectation that the bow shock surrounding the head of the jet is important mechanism for producing X-ray cavities in the intracluster medium. Although there are quantitative differences among the models the total radio and X-ray intensity curves show qualitatively similar trends in all of them.
Deterministic Plio‐Pleistocene extinctions in the European cool‐temperate tree flora

Extinctions have been important in the shaping of modern phytogeographic patterns. A classic example is the heavy Plio-Pleistocene losses that have caused Europe to have a depauperate temperate tree flora compared to eastern North America and eastern Asia. To investigate the mechanisms involved in this extinction event, I test the hypothesis that the present European status (extinct, relictual, or widespread) of cool-temperate tree genera found in Pliocene Europe is predictable from their modern climatic requirements. As a prerequisite for this analysis, I test for genus-level conservatism in climatic requirements by comparing congeneric values across Europe, eastern Asia and North America, and find strong evidence hereof. I find a high degree of ecological determinism in the fate of European Pliocene tree genera, still widespread taxa being more tolerant of cold growing season and winter temperatures than extinct and relictual taxa, and relictual taxa being more drought tolerant than extinct taxa.