Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of first-line chemotherapy for newly diagnosed postoperative patients with stage II, III, or IV epithelial ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the optimal postoperative chemotherapy regimen for women with newly diagnosed stage II, III (micro or macro), or IV epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS A systematic search was conducted to find randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses published between 1980 and April 2001. RESULTS A published meta-analysis found that, compared with non-platinum-based regimens, platinum, alone or in combination with other agents, improved survival when used as first-line chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. The meta-analysis did not detect a difference in efficacy between cisplatin and carboplatin. A published randomized trial of cisplatin plus paclitaxel versus carboplatin plus paclitaxel did not detect a significant difference in survival between these regimens. In two randomized trials, treatment with paclitaxel plus cisplatin resulted in improved survival compared with cyclophosphamide plus cisplatin. A randomized trial of paclitaxel plus cisplatin versus paclitaxel alone versus cisplatin alone detected no differences in survival among the three treatment groups. While hematologic adverse effects were more frequent with carboplatin than with cisplatin, nonhematologic adverse effects were less frequent with carboplatin. The addition of paclitaxel to cisplatin did not appear to increase the incidence of serious adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous carboplatin plus paclitaxel is the recommended postoperative chemotherapy regimen for newly diagnosed stage II-IV epithelial ovarian cancer. Intravenous cisplatin plus paclitaxel may also be considered a treatment option. Intravenous carboplatin as a single agent may be considered a treatment option in patients for whom paclitaxel is contraindicated or in patients who are unwilling to accept the adverse effects of paclitaxel chemotherapy.
Sources of Extraterrestrial Rare Earth Elements: To the Moon and Beyond

The resource budget of Earth is limited. Rare-earth elements (REEs) are used across the world by society on a daily basis yet several of these elements have <2500 years of reserves left, based on current demand, mining operations, and technologies. With an increasing population, exploration of potential extraterrestrial REE resources is inevitable, with the Earth’s Moon being a logical first target. Following lunar differentiation at ~4.50–4.45 Ga, a late-stage (after ~99% solidification) residual liquid enriched in Potassium (K), Rare-earth elements (REE), and Phosphorus (P), (or “KREEP”) formed. Today, the KREEP-rich region underlies the Oceanus Procellarum and Imbrium Basin region on the lunar near-side (the Procellarum KREEP Terrain, PKT) and has been tentatively estimated at preserving 2.2 × 108 km3 of KREEP-rich lithologies. The majority of lunar samples (Apollo, Luna, or meteoritic samples) contain REE-bearing minerals as trace phases, e.g., apatite and/or merrillite, with merrillite potentially contributing up to 3% of the PKT. Other lunar REE-bearing lunar phases include monazite, yittrobetafite (up to 94,500 ppm yttrium), and tranquillityite (up to 4.6 wt % yttrium, up to 0.25 wt % neodymium), however, lunar sample REE abundances are low compared to terrestrial ores. At present, there is no geological, mineralogical, or chemical evidence to support REEs being present on the Moon in concentrations that would permit their classification as ores. However, the PKT region has not yet been mapped at high resolution, and certainly has the potential to yield higher REE concentrations at local scales (<10s of kms). Future lunar exploration and mapping efforts may therefore reveal new REE deposits. Beyond the Moon, Mars and other extraterrestrial materials are host to REEs in apatite, chevkinite-perrierite, merrillite, whitlockite, and xenotime. These phases are relatively minor components of the meteorites studied to date, constituting <0.6% of the total sample. Nonetheless, they dominate a samples REE budget with their abundances typically 1–2 orders of magnitude enriched relative to their host rock. As with the Moon, though phases which host REEs have been identified, no extraterrestrial REE resource, or ore, has been identified yet. At present extraterrestrial materials are therefore not suitable REE-mining targets. However, they are host to other resources that will likely be fundamental to the future of space exploration and support the development of in situ resource utilization, for example: metals (Fe, Al, Mg, PGEs) and water.
Short-time-scale evidence for strong Langmuir turbulence during hf heating of the ionosphere.

Results of short-pulse, low--duty-cycle hf-heating experiments areshown to agree with predictions of a model of correlated, localized cavitonswhich undergo cycles of nucleation, collapse, and burnout. Predicted''free-mode'' spectral features associated with the radiation of Langmuir wavesfrom collapsing cavitons are observed. Single radar pulse data provide evidencethat temporal correlations between caviton events are present at early timesfollowing the onset of heating.
Localization of protein‐binding sites within families of proteins

We address the question of whether or not the positions of protein‐binding sites on homologous protein structures are conserved irrespective of the identities of their binding partners. First, for each domain family in the Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP), protein‐binding sites are extracted from our comprehensive database of structurally defined binary domain interactions (PIBASE). Second, the binding sites within each family are superposed using a structural alignment of its members. Finally, the degree of localization of binding sites within each family is quantified by comparing it with localization expected by chance. We found that 72% of the 1847 SCOP domain families in PIBASE have binding sites with localization values greater than expected by chance. Moreover, 554 (30%) of these families have localizations that are statistically significant (i.e., more than four standard deviations away from the mean expected by chance). In contrast, only 144 (8%) families have significantly low localization. The absence of a significant correlation of the binding site localization with the average sequence and structural conservations in a family suggests that localization can be helpful for describing the functional diversity of protein–protein interactions, complementing measures of sequence and structural conservation. Consideration of the binding site localization may also result in spatial restraints for the modeling of protein assembly structures.
The relationship between exposed galactose and N‐acetylglucosamine residues on IgG in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS)

The relationship between exposed galactose and N‐acetylglucosamine on IgG in RA, JCA and SS was investigated. This was achieved using IgG isolated from serum where the levels of galactose and N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) were detected using biotinylated lectins. Galactose and GlcNAc on IgG from patients with RA and JCA are inversely related, but in contrast, in SS, galactose expression on IgG decreased while GlcNAc expression remained similar to normal levels. Alterations in IgG glycosylation are closely associated with the development of adult and juvenile chronic arthritis and SS, but the changes involved are different in RA compared with SS, suggesting that the precise pattern of exposed sugars is associated with different rheumatological diseases.
A contemporary review of venous adventitial cystic disease and three case reports

Venous adventitial cystic disease is a rare vascular disease. The objective of the study is to contemporarily review the literature of venous adventitial cystic disease and report three other new cases of adventitial cystic disease in common femoral vein. Articles published between 1947 and April 2013 were searched in OVID and PubMed databases. The search yielded only 38 reported cases of venous adventitial cystic disease. The general characteristics and disease management information of the 41 cases (including our current 3 cases) were analyzed. Venous adventitial cystic disease could develop late in life with an average age of 48.39 years (range, 5 to 77 years). Similar to arterial adventitial cystic disease, venous adventitial cystic disease was also found to have a male predominance (male to female ratio, 1.28:1). The common femoral vein was the most likely vein to be involved (65.9%, 27 cases). Right and left sides were almost equally affected. Extremity swelling (86.8%, 33 cases) was the main symptom of patients presenting with venous adventitial cystic disease. Excision of cyst wall in 30 patients (73.2%) was the main surgical procedure with a recurrence rate of 11.5%. Thirteen involved veins were resected; of which, 10 were reconstructed with prosthetic or autologous graft. No recurrence was reported in these 13 patients. Postoperatively, nine cases received an anticoagulation therapy. In conclusion, the etiology, treatment strategy, and outcomes of venous adventitial cystic disease could not be well understood in the present review due to limited numbers of cases. Studies with careful follow-up for at least up to first several months are recommended.
Early Christian Books in Egypt

List of Figures ix Preface xi A Note on Abbreviations xv Chapter I: The Dating of the Earliest Christian Books in Egypt General Considerations 1 Chapter II: Two Case Studies 25 Chapter III: The Economics of Book Production 50 Chapter IV: The Spread of the Codex 70 Notes 91 Bibliography 99 Index of Subjects 105 Index of Papyrological Texts Discussed 110
New Link between Skin Microbiota Diversity and Skin Health: Proposal to Use This as a Mechanism to Determine Whether Cosmetic Products Damage the Skin and Are a Cause of the Skin Allergy Epidemic

There is a skin allergy epidemic in the western world, and the rate of deterioration has increased significantly in the past 5-10 years. It is probable that there are many environmental contributing factors, yet some studies have linked it primarily to the rise in the use of synthetic chemical ingredients in modern cosmetics. Our challenge, therefore, was to find a mechanism to determine the effect these substances have on skin health, and whether they really are a primary cause of long term damage to the skin. The first problem is the lack of any definitive way to measure skin health. Motivated by the overwhelming evidence for a link between deficient gut flora and ill health, we decided to look at whether our skin microbiota could similarly be used as an indicator of skin health. Our research illustrates how it is microbiota diversity alone that can predict whether skin is healthy or not, after we revealed a complete lack of conclusive findings linking the presence or abundance of particular species of microbe to skin problems. This phenomenon is replicated throughout nature, where high biodiversity always leads to healthy ecosystems. ‘Caveman’ skin, untouched by modern civilisation, was far different to ‘western’ skin and displayed unprecedented levels of bacterial diversity. The less exposed communities were to western practices, the higher the skin diversity, which is clear evidence of an environmental factor in the developed world damaging skin. For the first time we propose benchmark values of diversity against which we can measure skin to determine how healthy it is. This gives us the ability to be able to predict which people are more likely to be prone to skin ailments, and start to test whether cosmetic ingredients and products are a main cause of the skin allergy epidemic.
Multi-input single-inductor dc-dc converter for MPPT in parallel-connected photovoltaic applications

This paper focuses on photovoltaic systems with multiple parallel-connected panels. It is shown that distributed MPPT must be performed on each panel to maintain maximum power harvesting in partial shading conditions. This is especially true for PV systems made with panels having different electrical parameters. The multi-input, single-output (MISO) dc-dc converter provides a low-cost implementation of distributed MPPT for solar applications. A controller with digital peak and valley current control is used to operate the MISO converter in pseudo-CCM mode. A digital input current estimation algorithm based on the inductor current is proposed to iteratively reach DMPPT for each input, while eliminating the need for several current sensors in the system. The overall power benefit from the MISO converter ranges from 7 % to 43 % in the experimental MISO buck prototype. The proposed low-cost DMPPT solution and control algorithm provide very promising power savings compared to the conventional MPPT approach. The novel solution allows PV systems to be easily expanded without being restricted to panels from a single manufacturer.
VANET communication: A traffic flow approach

Macroscopic fluid traffic flow models are used in this paper to predict connectivity behavior within vehicular to vehicular (V2V) networks. The vehicular density determines the radio connectivity in sparse traffic, and may even contribute to radio interference in dense traffic situations. We propose modeling the vehicular density using an approach from physics and engineering known as traffic flow theory. It builds models of the interactions between vehicles and road infrastructure similar to fluid or gas flows in pipelines. We have developed analytic solutions for estimating vehicular densities based on a method for solving the traffic flow equations. With very general infrastructure conditions we can find the density evolution at any location and time for any (given) initial conditions. Using such an approach we show how the connectivity, reachability and broadcast capacities of V2V networks can be calculated as applications of this approach. Furthermore we can include the path loss between vehicles and include interference from dense traffic situations in line and non-line of sight situations. We parameterize the method using Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11a radio technologies to show the applicability of such an approach.
Mechanical Property and Strain Transferring Mechanism in Optical Fiber Sensors

Optical fiber sensors (OFSs) have attracted considerable interests for their superior sensing abilities, especially due to their electromagnetic inference immunity and high sensitivity. However, OFS sensors based on bare fibers are fragile and easily damaged. For their safe use in engineering sensing, the glass core of optical fibers has to be coated with protective coatings, or to be bonded with adhesive materials, for instance, epoxy. Low elastic modulus of the soft coatings or bonding layer results in various shear stresses along the middle layer between the fiber core and the host structure to be measured. A portion of the host material strain is absorbed by the protective coatings when the strain transfers from the host material to the fiber core, and hence only a small fraction of structural strain is sensed. Consequently, the strains directly sensed by OFSs are different from actual structural strains. This is the main issue to be discussed in the chapter.
Increased in vivo apoptosis in cells lacking mitochondrial DNA gene expression

We have attempted to determine whether loss of mtDNA and respiratory chain function result in apoptosis in vivo. Apoptosis was studied in embryos with homozygous disruption of the mitochondrial transcription factor A gene (Tfam) and tissue-specific Tfam knockout animals with severe respiratory chain deficiency in the heart. We found massive apoptosis in Tfam knockout embryos at embryonic day (E) 9.5 and increased apoptosis in the heart of the tissue-specific Tfam knockouts. Furthermore, mtDNA-less (ρ0) cell lines were susceptible to apoptosis induced by different stimuli in vitro. The data presented here provide in vivo evidence that respiratory chain deficiency predisposes cells to apoptosis, contrary to previous assumptions based on in vitro studies of cultured cells. These results suggest that increased apoptosis is a pathogenic event in human mtDNA mutation disorders. The finding that respiratory chain deficiency is associated with increased in vivo apoptosis may have important therapeutic implications for human disease. Respiratory chain deficiency and cell loss and/or apoptosis have been associated with neurodegeneration, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and aging. Furthermore, chemotherapy and radiation treatment of cancer are intended to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. It would therefore be of interest to determine whether manipulation of respiratory chain function can be used to inhibit or enhance apoptosis in these conditions.
A brief evaluation of Intel®MPX

MPX implements hardware accelerated support for detection and prevention of memory corruption. This paper will examine the effectiveness of MPX. Herein we attempt to find false positives and false negatives, and to determine what attacks may still be feasible. In particular we wish to see if a system protected by MPX is still exploitable. Intel MPX appears to provide a solid mitigation technique, but may be vulnerable in special circumstances related to how it depends on the surrounding framework to function.
Development of Word-of-Mouth Elasticity Measures for Tourism Product Categories

This study examines the influence of word of mouth (WOM) on eight tourism products by applying economic elasticity theory to understand the relationship between behavioral outcomes and target elements to these behavioral outcomes (customer consumption). The elasticity model of economics was developed to conceptualize WOM elasticity (EWOMx) and measure WOM effects on various products. The results of WOM elasticity values show a significant difference between physical and service product categories. In addition, all effective respondents in this research are highly sensitive to WOM relating to specific products. This shows that WOM is not only a key variable of tourism products but also validates that WOM communications are meaningful for tourism customers. The authors contributes to tourism service and WOM marketing effects compared by validating empirical research in eight different product categories and providing empirical support with prior services marketing literature. Theoretical and practical implications and future research issues are discussed.
Emergence and Collapse of Early Villages: Models of Central Mesa Verde Archaeology

Preface and Acknowledgments 1 Emergence and Collapse of Early Villages in the Central Mesa Verde: An Introduction Timothy A. Kohler and Mark D. Varien 2 The Study Area and the Ancestral Pueblo Occupation Scott G. Ortman, Donna M. Glowacki, Mark D. Varien, and C. David Johnson 3 Low-Frequency Climate in the Mesa Verde Region: Beef Pasture Revisited Aaron M. Wright 4 Simulation Model Overview Timothy A. Kohler 5 Modeling Paleohydrologic System Structure and Function Kenneth E. Kolm and Schaun M. Smith 6 Modeling Agricultural Productivity and Farming Effort Timothy A. Kohler 7 Modeling Plant and Animal Productivity and Fuel Use C. David Johnson and Timothy A. Kohler 8 Supply, Demand, Return Rates, and Resource Depression: Hunting in the Village Ecodynamics World Jason A. Cowan, Timothy A. Kohler, C. David Johnson, Kevin Cooper, and R. Kyle Bocinsky 9 How Hunting Changes the VEP World, and How the VEP World Changes Hunting R. Kyle Bocinsky, Jason A. Cowan, Timothy A. Kohler, and C. David Johnson 10 Exercising the Model: Assessing Changes in Settlement Location and Efficiency Timothy A. Kohler, R. Kyle Bocinsky, Stefani Crabtree, and Ben Ford 11 Simulating Household Exchange with Cultural Algorithms Ziad Kobti 12 Tool-Stone Procurement in the Mesa Verde Core Region Through Time Fumiyasu Arakawa 13 Population Dynamics and Warfare in the Central Mesa Verde Region Sarah M. Cole 14 Characterizing Community Center (Village) Formation in the VEP Study Area, A.D. 600-1280 Donna M. Glowacki and Scott G. Ortman 15 The Rise and Collapse of Villages in the Central Mesa Verde Region Timothy A. Kohler Bibliography Appendix A Appendix B Notes on Contributors
A study on global robust stability of delayed full-range cellular neural networks

The paper considers a class of full-range (FR) cellular neural networks (CNNs) characterized by a finite constant delay in the neuron interconnections and intervalized interconnection parameters. A theorem is proved which ensures global robust stability (GRS), i.e., global stability of the equilibrium point for any FR-CNN whose parameters belong to given intervals. The theorem extends to FR-CNNs a result on GRS for standard (S) CNNs obtained in a recent paper by Shen and Zhang. The significance of the result in this paper is discussed in relation to the results in a paper by Corinto and Gilli, which addresses the equivalence of the dynamical behavior of FR-CNNs and S-CNNs, when they are defined by the same set of parameters.
Evaluation of complexity of wire harness models in a HIRF environment

Canonical aircraft model simulations were performed using a full wave finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) code with an integrated multi-conductor wire harness algorithm. Wire harness bundle currents and their transfer functions were obtained in the frequency range of 1 - 400 MHz, corresponding with the ARP 5583 requirement for the low level swept currents (LLSC) aircraft certification tests. In order to demonstrate the importance of including cable complexities when predicting wire harness responses in a high-intensity radiated field (HIRF) environment, two types of simulations were performed: one that uses a simplified harness technique, and one with more realistic harness segments that include the cable contents. Comparisons between the two simulation techniques are provided. We conclude that in order to obtain realistic results, it is necessary to capture wire harness complexities in the numerical model, such as harness branching, precise conductor resistances with frequency dependent skin depth effects, and position adjustment of conductors along the length of the harness.
An Iterated Greedy Heuristic for the 1/N Portfolio Tracking Problem

The 1/N portfolio represents a simple strategy to invest money in the stock market. Investors who follow this strategy invest an equal proportion of their investment budget in each stock from a given investment universe. Empirical results indicate that this strategy leads to competitive results in terms of risk and return compared to more sophisticated strategies. However, in practice, investing in all N stocks from a given investment universe can cause substantial transaction costs if N s large or if the market is illiquid. The optimization problem considered in this paper consists of optimally replicating the returns of the 1/ N portfolio by selecting a small subset of theN stocks, and determining the respective weight for each selected stock. For the first time, we apply the concept of iterated greedy heuristics to this novel portfolio-optimization problem. For analyzing the performance of our heuristic approach, we also formulate the problem as a mixed-integer quadratic program (MIQP). Our computational results indicate that, within a limited CPU time, our heuristic approach outperforms the MIQP, in particular when the number of stocks N grows large.