Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PRELIMINARY RELATIVE PALAEOINTENSITY RECORD AND CHRONOLOGY ON SEDIMENTARY CORES FROM LAKE ESMERALDA (VEGA ISLAND, ANTARCTICA)

Four cores from bottom sediments of Lake Esmeralda, Vega Island, Antarctica (60°48’S, 57°37’W) were analysed to achieve relative palaeointensity (RPI) records. Rock magnetic studies suggest that the main carriers of magnetisation are ferrimagnetic minerals, predominantly pseudo single domain (PSD) (titano) magnetite. The magnetic grain size of the samples is in the range 1-5 mm and the variation of the inter-parametric ratios is less than one order of magnitude. Demagnetization of the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) shows a stable remanent magnetization in most of the samples. Thus, the samples fulfil the necessary conditions to calculate RPI. Radiocarbon dating was conducted on three sediment samples. Then, a combined method of radiocarbon and RPI dating was applied. The RPI records obtained in this work are in good agreement with reported records from the area and Patagonia (Argentina). According to the results, the records of Lake Esmeralda span the last 15,000 cal. BP. A hiatus was found at around 10,980 cal. BP, and apparently the sedimentation ceased during 1,800 years. The mean sedimentation rate is 0.3 mm/yr reaching a maximum of 1.3 mm/yr, which is expected for the region under study.
Conjunctions of Governance: The State and the Conservation-development Nexus in Southern Africa

From the fortress conservation paradigm in the 1960s and 1970s to the community based conservation paradigm of the 1980s and 1990s, the ideological linkage of people and conser- vation of natural resources in Africa seemed to have progressed towards local ownership and local management. At present, however, it looks as though the limits of community ownership over natural resources have been reached. According to powerful actors on the conservation scene, local people in Africa have not been able to effectively conserve their wildlife and biodiversity and thus - in their view - a more enforcing style of conservation, separated from local people, is needed again. Although this trend is still in its infancy, it is promoted with rigour and backed by substantial financial means. In this paper, we use the changing discourse in the environment-development nexus as a starting point to examine issues of governance and power over the conjunction of natural resources management and development in Southern Africa, with a special focus on the role of the state. � y drawing on a case study whereby different states jointly try to manage the conservation-development nexus, here the case of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park between South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique, we are able to better situate the role of the Southern African state within this nexus. We conclude that the way states are trying to govern transfrontier parks is not in par with the way processes of governance unfold themselves nowadays under the influence of the forces of globalisa - tion and localisation. If Southern African states are to retain any control over the direction that the conservation-development nexus in Southern Africa will take in practice, they need to adapt to the current international governance climate, and they need to adapt fast. With Southern Africa's history of enormous social disadvantages in relation to conservation, states just cannot afford to be bypassed by a resurgence of that same history.
Internal Inconsistency of Downside CAPM Models

There is little criticism of downside measures approach to estimating risk premiums. Instead, this model attracted attention of both academics and practitioners. For example, Abbas et al (2011) refer to DCAPM as “long-awaited solution for asset pricing problem”. Estrada (2006, 2007), Post and Vliet (2004) and some other researchers claim that downside approach is often preferable to the traditional CAPM. At the same time they keep silence about limitations of the model. This paper intends to fill the gap. It shows that downside CAPM approach produces instable results. Although there are various versions of downside risk measurement approaches, the focus of this paper is estimation of assets’ betas and risk premiums. Therefore we limit our review with DCAPM approach, which is the most popular today and is advised as a preferable method of estimating risk premiums at emerging markets. In this context the most critical issue is estimation of security characteristic line and the marginal contribution of an asset’s risk into the risk of benchmarking market portfolio.We construct a portfolio of two assets using different weights and calculate its true semideviation and semideviation according to DCAPM framework. Then we change data to obtain scenarios with different correlations between asset returns and repeat simulation across different weights with new data. The simulation shows that if the assets are perfectly positively correlated the DCAPM’s estimation percentage error is zero, and if the assets are perfectly negatively correlated the DCAPM’s estimation percentage error can approach infinity. If the assets have zero correlation, the percentage error is quite significant (may reach 15% in the simulation under appropriate weights). The magnitude of the estimation error varies both with correlation between data, weights of the assets and the data themselves. So the algorithm cannot provide reliable estimates. Such results imply that downside beta is unreliable measure of security systematic risk.
Beyond the Separability Thesis: Moral Semantics and the Methodology of Jurisprudence

In emphasizing the importance of the separability thesis, legal philosophers have inadequately appreciated other philosophically important ways in which law and morality are or might be connected with one another. In this article, I argue that the separability thesis cannot shoulder the philosophical burdens that it has been asked to bear. I then turn to two issues of greater importance to jurisprudence. These are the moral semantics of law and the normativity of theory construction in jurisprudence. The moral semantics claim is that legal content is best understood as moral directives about what is to be done and who is to decide what is to be done. The problem is that legal positivists typically hold that only social facts contribute to the content of law, and it is hard to see how a positivist can hold both the social-facts claim and the moral-semantics claim. I argue that not only are the two claims consistent with one another, but that legal positivists must hold some version of the moral semantics claim if they are to make sense of the claim that legal reasons purport to be content-independent moral reasons for acting. In of the article, I take up the question of whether theory construction in jurisprudence is normative or descriptive. This is hard to do in part because so little attention has been paid to correctly formulating the issue. I suggest a demanding test for descriptivism; namely, that an adequate analysis of law can be provided entirely in terms of its formal features. I then defend this claim against three arguments designed to show because governance by law is necessarily desirable or valuable that, we cannot characterize law without making reference to those values or to other material features of law. This constitutes a limited but powerful defence of descriptive jurisprudence.
A procedure for standardizing comparative leaf anatomy in the Poaceae. II. The epidermis as seen in surface view

Descriptive “keys”, including definitions and explanatory diagrams, are given for the standardization and simplification of anatomical descriptions of the epidermides of grass leaf blades as seen in surface view. About 340 characters of the epidermis are included with ample room for expansion. Notes on variation and taxonomic importance of the characters are also included.
LIGHT SCATTERING FROM A CLUSTER CONSISTS OF DIELECTRIC NONCONCENTRIC ENCAPSULATION PARTICLES

Random-orientation scattering properties of a plane wave scattered by a cluster of nonconcentric encapsulated particles, either layered particles form densely packed or linear chains, are presented. The computed results are shown for different spherical offset core in either spherical or nonspherical shell. A technique is based on a method that calculate the cluster T-matrix, and from which the orientation-averaged scattering matrix and total cross sections can be analytically obtained.
Decomposing 1-Sperner Hypergraphs

A hypergraph is Sperner if no hyperedge contains another one. A Sperner hypergraph is equilizable (resp., threshold) if the characteristic vectors of its hyperedges are the (minimal) binary solutions to a linear equation (resp., inequality) with positive coefficients. These combinatorial notions have many applications and are motivated by the theory of Boolean functions and integer programming. We introduce in this paper the class of $1$-Sperner hypergraphs, defined by the property that for every two hyperedges the smallest of their two set differences is of size one. We characterize this class of Sperner hypergraphs by a decomposition theorem and derive several consequences from it. In particular, we obtain bounds on the size of $1$-Sperner hypergraphs and their transversal hypergraphs, show that the characteristic vectors of the hyperedges are linearly independent over the reals, and prove that $1$-Sperner hypergraphs are both threshold and equilizable. The study of $1$-Sperner hypergraphs is motivated also by their applications in graph theory, which we present in a companion paper.
Assessment of Indigenous Knowledge of Smallholder Farmers on Intercropping Practices in West Hararghe Zone; Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

The study was conducted in three districts of West Hararghe Zone namely; Gemechis, Habro and Mieso districts. The objectives of the survey were: to identify and document indigenous knowledge of farmers towards intercropping, and identify constraints and opportunities of intercropping in the study area. A multi-stage sampling technique was used for the study. Total sample size of 149 households was interviewed and generated both qualitative and quantitative data. Focus Group Discussions were also formed and generated qualitative data. Descriptive statistics and an index score were used to analyze data. Majorly intercropped crops were Maize with Haricot Bean followed by Sorghum with Haricot Bean. The study indicated that drought, lack of knowledge about fertility management and lack of improved technology of intercropped crops were major constraints of intercropping legumes with other crops in the study area. However, declining of land holding size as a result of rise in population and early maturity of legume cops were major opportunities of intercropping in the study area. The study indicated that any research conducted on any intercropping practice in the area should incorporate farmers practice such as times of sowing and types of intercropped crops on intercropping trial, and awareness on soil fertility improvement should be promoted.
Bioactivity Effect of Piper nigrum L. and Jatropha curcas L. Extracts Against Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton)

Petroleum ether extract of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and physic nut (Jatropha curcas) were shown to have insecticidal efficacies against rice moth (Corcyra cephalonic) (Stainton). The C. cephalonica larvae (16 day old) were shown to have similarities susceptibility to petroleum ether extract of P. nigrum and J. curcas with LC50 values of 12.52 and 13.22 μL/mL, respectively. In a bioassay using no-choice tests, the parameters used to evaluate antifeedant activity were Relative Growth Rate (RGR); Relative Consumption Rate (RCR), efficiency on conversion of ingested food (ECI) and Feeding Deterrence Indices (FDI). Both extracts showed high bioactivity at all doses against C. cephalonica larvae and antifeedant action was increased with increasing plant extract concentrations. The petroleum ether extract of P. nigrum and J. curcas showed strong inhibition on egg hatchability and adult emergence of C. cephalonica at the lowest concentration. Based on the results of this study petroleum ether extracts of P. nigrum and J. curcas could be used in IPM program for rice moth.
The Role of Social Media in Building Awareness of Responsible Consumption

Responsible consumption in times of changes in both- economic and ecological phenomenon is very important, but complex. It can be manifested in many ways. It could be described at slogans: reduce, reuse, recycle, rethink. This philosophy is therefore designed to educate consumers about the rational use of products and services, and thus reduce resource consumption, and to proclaim the ideas of recycling and reuse of products. Lending is gaining in importance, processing, exchange and sharing with others - instead of buying. The paper shows that shaping responsible consumption in offline world could be ineffective, and using social media can be beneficial. The authors attempted to determine whether there are present and how can be developed responsible consumption behavior on social networking sites like: Facebook, Pinterest and Youtube.
Institutionalism and Commissions Executive Discretion: an Empirical Analysis

Theory: The adoption of EC secondary legislation can be analyzed from the perspective of agency theory whereby Member States and the Parliament delegate policy authority to the Commission and design ex-post control procedures (i.e. Comitology). Rational choice and sociological institutionalisms differ in their predictions on the way rules and norms affect the extent of executive discretion. Hypothesis: Three institutionalist hypotheses are tested. The rationalist one derives from a Bayesian game developed by the author. It posits that Commissions executive discretion in non amending secondary legislation is a function of: 1) formal legislative procedure, 2) information asymmetry and 3) distribution of principals preferences. A fourth variable, legislative instrument, is also included. The diluted rationalist hypothesis substitutes formal with informal procedure in one policy area. The socio-rational hypothesis adds two new variables, that is the opinions of the Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee. A final co-graduation test is conducted on whether more discretion leads to more stringent ex-post control. Methods: Given the bimodal error structure of the regression model, I have bootstrapped the regression coefficients and computed the 95% confidence intervals of the null hypothesis. Bootstrapping has also been used to test the role of the European Parliament, of opinions and the co-graduation between discretion and ex-post control. A stratified sample of non amending secondary legislation adopted from 1987 to 1993 has been drawn to test the hypotheses. Results: The diluted rationalist hypothesis is the most accurate. Information asymmetry, informal legislative procedures and legislative instruments are statistically and substantively relevant in explaining executive discretion. Distribution of preferences has weak explanatory power probably because of the lack of reliable data and appropriate measurement. The Parliament and opinions do not relevantly affect Commissions discretion. More discretion leads to more confining ex-post control.
Impacts of active labor market programs: new evidence from evaluations with particular attention to developing and transition countries

In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the recent international experience with active labor market programs (ALMPs). Basing the evidence on the growing body of program evaluations, it focuses on the impacts of ALMPs on the subsequent employment and earnings of participants. This paper provides an update to earlier assessments by incorporating the results of the more recent program evaluations. It also extends these previous reviews by explicitly considering the impacts of ALMPs in developing and transition countries. While most rigorous program evaluations continue to be undertaken in industrialized countries, this gives a significant number of evaluations from transition and, to a lesser extent, developing countries.
Evolution of a Surface-Roughness Spectrum Caused by Stress in Nanometer-Scale Chemical Etching

It is reported that a flat free surface of a stressed solid is configurationally unstable under chemical etching and the surface roughness grows with different rates for different spatial frequencies. The theory described in this Letter predicts that with a shallow chemical etching the roughness with spatial frequency below a critical value grows while the roughness of higher frequency decays. The theory was verified via an atomic force microscope experiment with aluminum. This study provides a simple experimental method to measure stress in metals and ceramics.
Managerial Ability and Forecast Accuracy

We examine the relation between managerial ability and management forecast accuracy. We find that forecast accuracy is positively associated with managerial ability in the case of sales forecasts. Specifically, more able managers are associated with lower magnitude’s forecast errors in the case of sales forecasts. Additional analysis finds that managerial ability is immaterial to EPS figures’ forecast accuracy; i.e. EPS forecasts appear not to be affected by manager’s superiority. Regarding sales forecasts, the results are consistent with the assertion that managers impact the quality of the delivered management forecasts. Regarding EPS forecasts, the results are in alignment with Demerjian et al. (2013) who highlight that managerial ability is an ability score related to the entire management team.
Identity and Territory: Geographical Perspectives on Nationalism and Regionalism

Abstract Group politico-territorial identities are potent realities in our fragile world, yet geographers have all but ignored them. Elements and processes involved in recognizing such territorially bound identities are discussed, with a stress on questions of scale and perception. The “legitimacy” of a group politico-territorial identity depends upon the scale of abstraction and upon the definer's perspective. The main problem lies in defining nation. At one level of abstraction, a nation is only a regionalism, yet many groups accept the concept of nation as fact. To appreciate the interplay between these points, several related concepts are also discussed. Some problems connected with group allegiances and orientations are identified. The paper concludes by briefly identifying different responses to the question of whether groups with distinct territorially based identities should have the right to separate territorial and political independence and by challenging geographers to become aware of such ide.
Determinants of Rice Marketable Surplus In Yala Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria

The study examined the determinants of rice marketable surplus in Yala Local Government Area of Cross River State. Random sampling produce was use to select 120 rice farmers and a structured questionnaire was used. The basic objective was to determined factors that affect the quantity of rice supplied to the market after production from the farm. Both socio and economic elements were considered. The simple descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used as the analytical tools. Results show that variables such as quantity of rice for gift, quantity of rice consumed, quantity of rice reserve for seed, quantity reserve for uncertainty, level of education, house-hold size, quantity of rice produced, cost of transportation, and cost of production as well as farmers socio-economic characteristics positively influenced the quantity of rice sold in the area. The study recommended that rice producers in the study area should increase their hectare of rice cultivation as well as apply all the necessary agronomic practices as these will increase the marketable surpluses. Also, Local varieties of rice should be replaced with improved varieties to enhance high yield. Farmers should be encouraged by the government through giving them loans, subsidies and Agro-chemicals like fertilizer and herbicide at affordable prices to reduce cost of production and to increase commercial quantity of rice in the market.
PRESSURE DROP MODELS FOR PARAFFINIC OIL FLOW

Wax deposition is a common phenomenon that occurs when crude oil flows in a pipeline. It is one of the main problems related to flow maintenance, because it leads to flux limitation and pressure drop increase. In addition, it can produce major damage to equipment, creating high-risk in operation or even a complete shutdown of production, impacting profitability negatively. Thus, this research aims to show pressure drop models based on Darcy-Weisbach and Power Fluid model for single-phase flow of paraffinic oils in horizontal lines. It will investigate aspects such as different flows, outdoor temperatures, and the BSW (Basic Sediments and Water) values observing their influence on flow pressure. Experimental data from paraffinic oil wells were used to validate the models. The results showed good fit of the models to the data of the eight experiments, with high values of adequacy coefficient (R2) above 0.97. Experiments with higher BSW content and lower ambient temperature had a greater impact on the pressure drop, being well represented by the two models.
Variability and correlation studies on groundnut (Arachis hypogaeae L.) germplasm

Four hundred sixty genotypes of groundnut germplasm were evaluated in four different seasons for phenotypic variation, heritability, genetic advance and correlations among pod yield and yield components. Pod yield/ha was observed to be high during pre-rabi and rabi seasons, might be due to increase in yield contributing characters. The GCV estimates were low for shelling percentage and moderate for hundred pod weight and hundred kernel weight. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean has been noticed for hundred pod weight and hundred kernel weight. Consistently positive association in all the seasons was observed for unfilled pods per plant with number of branches per plant and hundred pod weights with hundred kernel weight. Rabi and kharif performance of yield and yield contributing characters were positively correlated except unfilled pods per plant and plant height. Selection for high yield in groundnut could be made by inclusion of pod weight, shelling percentage and hundred kernel weight as selection criteria along with plant height.
Effect of different organic manures on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2016-2017 to find out effect of different organic manures on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan). Results revealed that application of vermicompost 2 t ha-1 recorded significantly tallest plant (54.70 cm), total number of root nodules (40.73 plant-1), effective root nodules (36.05 plant-1), DMA (18.61 g plant-1), pods (50.12 plant-1), seed yield (1916 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (2998 kg ha-1) compared to other organic manure treatments. Among liquid organic manures, application of panchagvya 3 per cent remained on par with vermiwash 10 per cent also recorded significantly tallest plant (54.48 cm), total number of root nodules (39.78 plant-1), effective root nodules (35.10 plant-1), DMA (17.90 g plant-1), pods (49.54 plant1), seed yield (1888 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (2804 kg ha-1) as compared to cow urine and control, respectively.