Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Elderly Patients with Stroke

Background and Purpose: Previous studies have suggested certain infections as potential risk factors for stroke. Chlamydia pneumoniae, an atypical respiratory pathogen, has been linked to atherosclerotic vascular diseases. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, another atypical respiratory micro-organism, can rarely cause stroke. We investigated whether serological markers of M. pneumoniae infection were associated with acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) in elderly patients. Methods: This case-control study was nested within the C-PEPS study – a case-control study on the seroprevalence of C. pneumoniae in elderly stroke and medical patients. Ninety-five incident cases of patients admitted consecutively with acute stroke or TIA, and 82 control subjects admitted concurrently with acute non-cardiopulmonary, non-infective disorders, were included in this study (both groups aged 65 years or older). Using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, the presence of M. pneumoniae immunoglobulins IgA, IgG and IgM in patients’ sera was determined. Results: The seroprevalence of M. pneumoniae IgA, IgG and IgM in the stroke or TIA group (median age = 80) were 79, 61 and 6%, respectively. In the control group (median age = 80), the seroprevalence of respective M. pneumoniae IgA, IgG and IgM were 84, 50 and 11%. Using a logistic regression statistical model, adjusting for history of hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, age and sex, history of ischaemic heart disease, and ischaemic electrocardiogram, the odds ratios of having a stroke or TIA in relation to M. pneumoniae IgA, IgG and IgM were 0.63 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.26–1.52, p = 0.31), 1.32 (95% CI = 0.66–2.64, p = 0.43) and 0.52 (95% CI = 0.14–1.92, p = 0.32), respectively. Conclusions: The study showed a high seroprevalence of M. pneumoniae in an elderly hospital population, using ELISA. Although the study ruled out M. pneumoniae seropositivity as a major risk factor for stroke in this elderly population, a smaller effect could not be excluded due to the small sample size. Future larger studies may be required to determine the precise role of M. pneumoniae infection in the pathogenesis of different subtypes of ischaemic stroke, in all age groups, and in different ethnic populations.
ACUTE AND SUBACUTE TOXICITY STUDIES OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Acalypha indica Linn IN MALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS

The aim of the present study was to evaluate acute and sub acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract of Acalyphaindica on male wistar rats at the dose levels of 100,200,300,400, and 500mg/kg b.w. ) at a rate of 1.0ml /rat/day to different sets of animal for 30 days Results from the present study have elucidated that treatment of A.Indica exerts no significant signs of toxicity at any dose level used in the study. Physical, biochemical as well as hematological parameters was unaltered throughout the study. The results of study have suggested there was no obvious toxicity observed with the treatment of A.Indica. It was found to be safe alternative for various severe infections.
Who’s right: The author or the audience? Effects of user comments and ratings on the perception of online science articles

Abstract When laypersons are interested in science-related questions, they frequently visit participatory websites such as science blogs. Typically, articles on these sites are accompanied by user comments or ratings. The present research investigated the effects of different forms of user feedback on readers’ interpretation of science topics. In two experiments (N = 178), participants read a one-sided blog article about the dangers of violent video games. The visible user reactions contradicted the slant of the article and were systematically varied (argumentative comments vs. subjective comments vs. ratings vs. none). Results of Study 1 showed that parents (for whom the topic is relevant) made use of comments and ratings to infer the opinion climate, while there were only limited effects on readers’ attitudes. Less involved readers (student participants in Study 2), in contrast, were susceptible to the persuasive influence of user comments. Implications regarding the role of user reactions in online science communication are discussed.
Serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor α in human cancer of adults and children: a review

Abstract Cancer growth and development is associated with the stimulation of the innate immune system, including enhanced interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) expression in immune cells and its shedding into the circulation in a soluble form of sIL-2Rα. In most haematological malignancies, including different types of leukaemias and lymphomas, sIL-2Rα has been found to be released directly from the surface of neoplastic cells thus reflecting the tumour bulk, turnover and activity. Several studies have proved that not only lymphoid cancer cells, but also some non-lymphoid cancer cells, express IL-2R on their surface. They include malignant melanoma and carcinomas of the kidney, head and neck, oesophagus and lung. It is suggested that in most malignant solid tumours, elevated levels of sIL-2Rα are likely to be the product of normal peripheral mononuclear cells activated in response to the neoplasm's growth or that they are released from activated lymphoid cells infiltrating neoplastic tissues. This latter hypothesis has been proved by discovering the high expression of CD25 on the cell surface of most of these cells. Although the precise source and biological role of sIL-2Rα has not been clarified definitively, pretreatment serum levels of sIL-2Rα have been shown to reflect the activity, advancement and biological aggressiveness of many types of cancer in adults and children as well as to correlate with prognosis and overall survival. The possibility of enriching the diagnostic tools of oncologists with a new biochemical marker of activity of neoplasms resulted in numerous studies and reports concerning the clinical usefulness of sIL-2Rα measurements in adult and, less frequently, in paediatric malignancies. This article presents the actual knowledge concerning the structure, source and biological function of sIL-2Rα in patients with haematological and non-haematological malignancies. The authors review the published data on clinical applicability of soluble IL-2Rα determination in terms of diagnostics, prognosis and treatment monitoring of particular types of malignant disorders both in adults and in children. They also provide an insight into the clinical usefulness of sIL-2Rα-blocking antibodies in patients with cancer, and in those who reject organ transplants, develop graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and are affected with autoimmune disorders.
Effects of digital game-based learning on achievement, flow and overall cognitive load

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in learning achievement, flow, and overall cognitive load between digital game-based learning (DGBL) and traditional computer-based learning (CBL). This study was conducted with 103 Taiwan college students: 50 college students in the experimental group used DGBL; 53 students in the control group used CBL. Results show the DGBL participants displayed significantly better learning achievement, flow, and lower cognitive load compared to the CBL participants. Learning achievement and flow exhibit a positive correlation, while negatively correlating with overall cognitive load. These results align with the existing research concepts of flow theory, cognitive theory of multimedia learning, and cognitive load theory.
The relation between overweight, obesity and plasma lipids in Saudi adults with type 2 diabetes

Background: Worldwide, epidemic exists with respect to diabetes mellitus, primarily because of increased rates of obesity. Lipoprotein abnormalities are common in overweight and obese patients with diabetes and contribute significantly to its complications. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Primary Health Care Clinics at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 2519 Saudi diabetic and non-diabetic patients were randomly selected to assess the association of dyslipidaemia and overweight and obesity in type 2 diabetic patients and non-diabetic controls. Patients were subjected to investigations of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting serum lipids. Results: A total of 2519 patients attending the Primary Health Care Clinics were included in this study (45.9% men, 54.1% women). The diabetic group comprised 50.8% (1280) and non-diabetic group comprised 49.2% (1239) of the sample. The mean ± standard deviation age of diabetic and non-diabetic patients was 37.1 ± 7.7 and 32.1 ± 8.1, respectively. The diabetic patients were older, had higher body mass index, serum triglyceride and HbA1c values were significantly higher when compared to non-diabetic subjects. Whereas, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were significantly lower in diabetics. Nineteen percentage of men and 27% of women with diabetes mellitus had increased total plasma cholesterol levels that did not differ significantly (P = 0.2) from the rates in non-diabetic men and women (21% of men and 34% of women). The prevalence of high LDL cholesterol levels in men and women with diabetes mellitus (23% and 31%, respectively) did not differ significantly (P = 0.4) from the rates in non-diabetic men and women (18% and 28%, respectively). The prevalence of high HDL cholesterol levels in men and women with diabetes mellitus (25% and 27%, respectively) did not differ significantly (P = 0.7) from the rates in non-diabetic men and women (23% and 25%, respectively). In contrast, the prevalence of high plasma triglyceride levels in individuals with diabetes mellitus (30% in men and 32% in women) was significantly higher than in those without diabetes mellitus (21% of men and 16% of women), P = 0.02. Conclusion: The study has documented several lipid abnormalities in type 2 diabetic patients and has pointed the significance of diabetic management in the control of lipid abnormalities where the control over overweight and obesity conditions is of importance. The study revealed that obesity and dyslipidaemia were high among diabetic patients and required special attention. This can be done through health education at the primary care level and at the diabetic clinics.
PENGARUH PENGALAMAN, KEAHLIAN, SITUASIAUDIT, ETIKA, DAN GENDER TERHADAPKETEPATAN PEMBERIAN OPINI AUDITORMELALUI SKEPTISISME PROFESIONAL AUDITOR(Studi Kasus Pada KAP Big Four di Jakarta)

This particular reseach is statiscally aimed to examine both direct and indirect effects from the defined number variable, i.e experience, expertise, audit situation, ethics and gender toward the accuracy or precision of audit opinion as a direct effect, and oppositely as well those similar defined varibale examined toward auditor professional scepticism as an indirect effect. Data was collected then accordingly processed by Partial Least Square (PLS) from the result of developed questionare which were disseminated to the big four accounting firm-KAP ( Deloitte, Ernst and Young, KPMG-Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler and PriceWaterhouseCoopers), with 88 out of 200 respondents upon those spreaded KAPs or 44 % respon rate. After all, the final result for significant direct effect toward accuracy of audit opinion is gender, while for indirect effect of accuracy audit opinion through auditor professional scepticism is audit situation.
Thrombectomy in Octogenarians in the Era of Stent Retriever: Is an Age Limit Necessary?

Objective: The results of thrombectomy in people aged 80 years and above were reviewed, and the necessity of an age limit was evaluated. Methods: Seventy eight patients who underwent thrombectomy at our hospital between July 2014 and September 2016 were divided into those aged <80 years and those aged ≥80 years, and the therapeutic results and outcome were evaluated. Results: The patients consisted of 25 aged ≥80 years (≥80 years group) and 53 aged <80 years (<80 years group). The mean time from puncture to recanalization was 56 and 65 minutes, respectively, and thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score of 2b or better recanalization was observed in 96.0 and 88.7%, respectively, with no significant difference in either parameter. Change of the approach route was necessary in five patients aged ≥80 years (20.0%). A favorable outcome with a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of ≤2 was observed 3 months after the onset in 44.0 and 64.2%, respectively, being slightly lower in the ≥80 years group (P = 0.151). In the ≥80 years group, the time from the onset to recanalization was a poor prognostic factor (P = 0.048). Conclusion: In the patients aged ≥80 years, the recanalization rate, procedural time, and complication rate in thrombectomy were comparable to those in the patients aged <80 years, and no significant difference was observed in the outcome. Therefore, aggressive intervention without an age limit is considered recommendable in preoperatively activities of daily living (ADL)-independent elderly patients expected to be good candidates for simple thrombectomy. However, with the possibility of change in the approach route in mind, it is necessary to achieve recanalization more promptly in older patients.
Advanced Digital Signal Processing And Noise Reduction

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The impact of virtual embodiment on perception, attitudes, and behaviour

Durante las dos ultimas decadas se ha llevado a cabo una amplia investigacion que ha permitido descubrir la maleabilidad de la nuestra representacion corporal. Se ha demostrado que nuestro cuerpo puede ser sustituido por uno artificial de tamano real, dando lugar a una ilusion perceptual de posesion de un cuerpo falso (Body Ownership). En la investigacion descrita en esta tesis hemos empleado Realidad Virtual Inmersiva con el fin de inducir ilusiones de Body Ownership sobre cuerpos muy diversos. En el estudio del Nino Virtual, ponemos adultos en el cuerpo de un nino, o bien en el de un adulto re-escalado para tener la misma altura que el nino. Los resultados evidencian que la ilusion en el cuerpo del nino conllevo una sobreestimacion significativa del tamano de objetos, la cual era aproximadamente el doble de la estimacion dada en el caso del cuerpo del adulto. Ademas, en el caso del nino virtual la ilusion dio lugar a cambios en la actitud implicita propia hacia un caracter mas infantil. En el estudio de la Discriminacion Racial, exploramos el modo en que el tipo de cuerpo puede influir en la discriminacion racial, poniendo a gente de piel de color blanca en un cuerpo de piel de color negra. En estudios anteriores se ha demostrado que este tipo de ilusion corporal puede conllevar una reduccion del sesgo racial implicito. Aqui evaluamos si tal reduccion en el sesgo implicito puede a) ser replicada, b) puede durar al menos una semana, y c) se ve incrementada despues de multiples exposiciones. Los resultados muestran que el sesgo implicito disminuyo mas en el caso de aquellos participantes que tengan el cuerpo virtual de piel negra incluso una semana despues de la exposicion virtual. En el estudio de la Ilusion de Hablar exploramos la posibilidad de inducir en los participantes una ilusion de agencia sobre una accion que ellos no llevaron a cabo. Describimos una serie de experimentos donde logramos una ilusion subjetiva de agencia sobre el habla del cuerpo virtual del participante, tal y como si ellos hubieran estado hablando. Cuando pedimos a los participantes que hablaran despues de la exposicion, modularon la frecuencia fundamental de su tono de voz en la direccion de la voz del cuerpo virtual.
The effects of multimedia presentations on information processing : eye-movement analyses of text and picture integration in a multimedia-based learning scenario

Multimedia is widely used in human-human and human-machine communication. In the context of educational practice, multimedia is regarded as a powerful tool for presenting learning materials, as compared to the traditional text-oriented medium. The primary advantage of multimedia presentations (MPs) is that information can be presented in different codes (e.g., verbal and non-verbal) and modalities (e.g., in visual and auditory formats) at the same time. Besides, some multimedia learning environments also allow learners to interact with the media. Due to these advantages, it appears convincing that multimedia can deliver information more effectively and therefore motivate learners to engage themselves more deeply in the learning process. However, over the last decade, empirical studies on the effects of MPs on learning have yielded inconclusive results. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the following issues: 1. How do different MPs influence the way in which people process information? 2. Under which conditions do the various kinds of MPs facilitate learning? 3. How do different modalities for presenting information interact with regard to the cognitive load on the side of the recipients? It should be noted that the current thesis not only focuses on examining the effect of MPs on learning outcomes but also on investigating how different MPs affect information processing. An eye-tracking technique is therefore employed to observe subjects' eye movements during learning. The thesis in hand mainly consists of two parts. The first part (from Chapter 2 to Chapter 6) refers to the theoretical background to my research topic, and the second part (Chapter 7 and Chapter 8) contains new empirical data on multimedia-based learning. In Chapters 7 and 8, I report on two experiments that I conducted within the framework of this thesis. The results of the first experiment showed that moving pictures were not superior to static pictures in regard to learning efficiency. However, moving pictures appeared to be easier to understand and remember. Presenting texts auditorily had a positive effect on learning efficiency. Yet this effect was limited to the moving-picture conditions. That is, the modality effect was only partially confirmed in this experiment. The results of the second experiment indicated that both the split-attention effect and the modality effect require further modification. When static graphics were displayed together with texts, single-modality (only visual) presentation (SMP) was not less effective than dual-modality (auditory plus visual) presentation (DMP), a result which blatantly contrasts with the claims of the cognitive load theory. The widely-accepted view that DMP should be superior to SMP can no longer be upheld in light of the evidence.
Problemy funkcjonowania chorych z kolostomią wytworzoną po operacyjnym leczeniu raka jelita grubego na podstawie badań HRQOL

Wstep. Rak jelita grubego nalezy do najcześciej spotykanych nowotworow zlośliwych, a znaczna cześc jego przypadkow konczy sie wytworzeniem brzusznego odbytu. Cel pracy. Celem podjetych badan bylo rozpoznanie problemow i ograniczen funkcjonalnych u chorych z kolostomią wytworzoną w wyniku radykalnego leczenia chirurgicznego. Material i metody. W latach 2002-2003 przeprowadzono badania, ktorymi objeto 164 pacjentow Świetokrzyskiego Centrum Onkologii w Kielcach. Wykorzystano rowniez grupe kontrolną. Do zebrania materialu badawczego zastosowano Kwestionariusz Pomiaru Jakości Życia (FACT-C, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale-Colorectal ). Wyniki i wnioski. Dzieki analizie statystycznej wykazano, ze kolostomia, wytworzona w wyniku operacyjnego leczenia raka jelita grubego, powoduje liczne problemy i ograniczenia funkcjonalne w zakresie stanu biologicznego, a zwlaszcza emocjonalnego i spolecznego.
Spatial terrain displays: promises and potential pitfalls

One of the conditions for a controlled flight into terrain to occur is that the pilot is unaware of the terrain until it is too late. The technology is available to provide the pilot with an artificial presentation of the surrounding terrain. The way this technology will be implemented determines whether it actually contributes to an increase in safety. This paper addresses the potential of terrain data presentation to increase safety, the dangers associated with unintended use, and the likelihood of unjustified, presentation induced confidence and confirmation bias.
Curative Care Utilization under Family Medicine and Rural Insurance in Amol – Iran

Background and purpose: Reliable information about utilization of medical services is key for making appropriate decisions of all healthcare systems. Nonetheless, most policy decisions and planning in the rural areas of developing countries are made with the lack of such crucial information. In this article we attempt to reveal the pattern of curative care utilization of rural population in Amol, a county in Northern Province of Mazandaran. Methods: In this study 355 patients living in rural area who in the last three month utilized curative care from different providers were interviewed in their doorsteps. All interviewees were heads of family or people age above 15. SPSS software was used for analyzing the data. Results: About a quarter of patients (24.5%) have referred to their local family physicians. It is noticeable that the proportion of people who referred to GP out of family physicians scheme exceeds the proportion of patients referred to GPs who are working as family physicians in the FMRI scheme. Among the studied variables, only basic insurance, severity of disease, and type of care utilized had significant association with referred or not referred of individuals to their own family physicians.Conclusion:Family medicine and rural insurance in Iran has increased the overall service utilization of population in rural areas but not in the scale that the government has spent its limited healthcare resources. This raises the concern of inappropriate resource allocation for inappropriate people and inappropriate services.
Death, society, and human experience

BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Chapter 1: As We Think About Death Chapter 2: What is Death? Chapter 3: The Death System Chapter 4: Dying Chapter 5: Hospice and Palliative Care Chapter 6: End of Life Issues and Decisions Chapter 7: Suicide Chapter 8: Violent Death: Murder, Terrorism, Genocide, Disaster, and Accident Chapter 9: Euthanasia. Assisted Death, Abortion, and the Right to Die Chapter 10: Death in the World of Childhood Chapter 11: Bereavement, Grief, and Mourning Chapter 12: The Funeral Process Chapter 13: Do We Survive Death? Chapter 14: How Can We Help? Chapter 15: Good Life, Good Death?