Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selection Criteria for Grain Yield in Pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucam L.) in Association with Yield Contributing Traits

Thirty-eight Pearl millet hybrids were evaluated in Randomized Block Design at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem. The objective of the study was to estimate the extent of genetic variability and association between yield and related traits. Analysis of variance revealed that there was highly significant (p<0.01) difference among the thirty-eight genotypes for the traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, panicle diameter, test weight, dry fodder yield and grain yield and significant difference (p<0.05) for panicle length. Grain yield ranged from 0.222 kg/plot (IHT 230) to 1.090 kg/plot (IHT 210). Highly significant grain yield was recorded in IHT 210 (1.090 kg/plot) followed by IHT 207 (0.782 kg/plot), IHT 212 (0.750 kg/plot) and IHT 232 (0.668 kg/plot) compared to local check (0.563 kg/plot). Low Phenotypic Coefficients of Variation and Genotypic Coefficients of Variation values were recorded in Days to 50% flowering and Days to maturity, medium in Plant height(cm), Panicle length(cm), Panicle diameter (cm), Test weight (g), Plant stand and high in Number of productive tillers/plant, Dry fodder yield (kg/plot) and Grain yield (kg/plot). Overall, Grain yield had high PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance as a percent of mean reveals is very important for selection criteria for crop improvement. Grain yield showed highly significant positive correlation with plant height followed by panicle diameter and panicle length which indicates true relationship between these traits and grain yield. Therefore, emphasis should be given for these characters of pearl millet improvement program.
Genome-Wide Sequence-Based Genotyping Supports a Nonhybrid Origin of Castanea alabamensis

Abstract The genus Castanea in North America contains several tree and shrub taxa of conservation concern. The two species within the group, American chestnut (Castanea dentata) and chinquapin (C. pumila sensu lato), display remarkable morphological diversity across their distributions in the eastern United States and southern Ontario. Previous investigators have hypothesized that hybridization between C. dentata and C. pumila has played an important role in generating morphological variation in wild populations. A putative hybrid taxon, Castanea alabamensis, was identified in northern Alabama in the early 20th century; however, the question of its hybridity has been unresolved. We tested the hypothesized hybrid origin of C. alabamensis using genome-wide sequence-based genotyping of C. alabamensis, all currently recognized North American Castanea taxa, and two Asian Castanea species at > 100,000 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. With these data, we generated a high-resolution phylogeny, tested for admixture among taxa, and analyzed population genetic structure of the study taxa. Bayesian clustering and principal components analysis provided no evidence of admixture between C. dentata and C. pumila in C. alabamensis genomes. Phylogenetic analysis of genome-wide SNP data indicated that C. alabamensis forms a distinct group within C. pumila sensu lato. Our results are consistent with the model of a nonhybrid origin for C. alabamensis. Our finding of C. alabamensis as a genetically and morphologically distinct group within the North American chinquapin complex provides further impetus for the study and conservation of the North American Castanea species.
Chronic stability of single-channel neurophysiological correlates of gross and fine reaching movements in the rat

Following injury to motor cortex, reorganization occurs throughout spared brain regions and is thought to underlie motor recovery. Unfortunately, the standard neurophysiological and neuroanatomical measures of post-lesion plasticity are only indirectly related to observed changes in motor execution. While substantial task-related neural activity has been observed during motor tasks in rodent primary motor cortex and premotor cortex, the long-term stability of these responses in healthy rats is uncertain, limiting the interpretability of longitudinal changes in the specific patterns of neural activity during motor recovery following injury. This study examined the stability of task-related neural activity associated with execution of reaching movements in healthy rodents. Rats were trained to perform a novel reaching task combining a ‘gross’ lever press and a ‘fine’ pellet retrieval. In each animal, two chronic microelectrode arrays were implanted in motor cortex spanning the caudal forelimb area (rodent primary motor cortex) and the rostral forelimb area (rodent premotor cortex). We recorded multiunit spiking and local field potential activity from 10 days to 7-10 weeks post-implantation to characterize the patterns of neural activity observed during each task component and analyzed the consistency of channel-specific task-related neural activity. Task-related changes in neural activity were observed on the majority of channels. While the task-related changes in multi-unit spiking and local field potential spectral power were consistent over several weeks, spectral power changes were more stable, despite the trade-off of decreased spatial and temporal resolution. These results show that rodent primary and premotor cortex are both involved in reaching movements with stable patterns of task-related activity across time, establishing the relevance of the rodent for future studies designed to examine changes in task-related neural activity during recovery from focal cortical lesions.
Systemic sclerosis is a disease of a prematurely senescent, inflammatory and activated immunome

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterised by excessive fibrosis of skin and internal organs, and vascular dysfunction. Association of T and B cell subsets have been reported in SSc, however there is lack of systematic studies of functional relations between immune cell subsets in this disease. This lack of mechanistic knowledge hampers targeted intervention. In the current study we sought to determine differential immune cell composition and their interactions in peripheral blood of SSc patients. Mononuclear cells from blood of SSc patients and healthy controls (HC) were analysed by mass cytometry using a 36 marker (cell-surface and intracellular) panel. Transcriptome analysis (m-RNA sequencing) was performed on sorted T and B cell subsets. Unsupervised clustering analysis revealed significant differences in the frequencies of T and B cell subsets in patients. Correlation network analysis highlighted an overall dysregulated immune architecture coupled with domination of inflammatory senescent T cell modules in SSc patients. Transcriptome analysis of sorted immune cells revealed an activated phenotype of CD4 and MAIT cells in patients, accompanied with increased expression of inhibitory molecules, reminiscent of phenotype exhibited by functionally adapted, exhausted T cells in response to chronic stimulation. Overall this study provides an in-depth analysis of the systemic immunome in SSc, highlighting the potential pathogenic role of inflammation and chronic stimulation mediated “premature senescence” of immune cells. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY The immune architecture in Systemic sclerosis is altered and reminiscent of chronic stimulatory environment led premature senescence of immune cells.
Coinages in Nigerian English: A Sociolinguistic Perspective

Nigerian English coinages have been widely investigated in different literatures ranging from studies in Sociolinguistics, Semantics, Pragmatics, and Syntax to Metaphors and Cognitive linguistic studies. This present paper is a re-visitation of the Nigerian English lexicon, taking cue from the lexicographic efforts of Igboanusi (2002). We have sociolinguistically x-rayed some common usages among Nigerians in different socio-political cum cultural and metaphorical course contents. Gumperz‟s diffusionist theory was borrowed to strengthen our theoretical base. Gumperz (1968) proposes a diffusionist theory of the speech community. The theory postulates the spread of linguistic change/transfer in intersecting waves that emanate from different centres of innovation. Word coinage, compounding and acronyms surfaced as the characteristic features of Nigerian English coinages. The first feature refers to the process of creating words to fit particular purposes while compounding on the other end is the process whereby two or more words are brought together to form a single lexical item, hyphenated or not. Acronyms are also identified as means of deriving peculiarly Nigerian nomenclatures of certain phenomena as words derive from the initials of several words. Borrowing on its part, was identified in Nigerian English as many words evolving from cultural and religious backgrounds of Nigerians. These are referred to as loan or foreign words. These features among others are recognized as very prominent in the varieties of English being spoken in Nigeria. Nigerian English lexical forms, therefore find expression in linguistic perspectives to language change, shift, transfer and dialectology.
Trends in the Autumn Passage Numbers of Arctic and Boreal Waders in W Denmark 1964–2017 as a Contribution to East Atlantic Flyway Population Trends

On the East Atlantic Flyway, where mid-winter counts of waterbirds have taken place for half a century, there is still uncertainty about trends in the sizes of several wader populations. For example, extensive breeding bird monitoring in boreal Fennoscandia, long term monitoring of actively migrating (i.e. passing) birds, and mid-winter counts give conflicting results for a good number of species. In this paper we contribute with the results of 54 years of monitoring of actively migrating birds passing Blåvandshuk on the west coast of Denmark and just north of the Wadden Sea each year during 30 June – 27 September. The dataset comprises 14,678 observation hours, and 14 wader species with a total of almost 1.5 million individuals migrating south that were selected for analysis. The vast majority of the birds recorded are adults, i.e. without the large annual fluctuations in juvenile numbers caused by year-to-year variations in breeding success. By combining monitoring results from mid-winter counts, the Fennoscandian breeding grounds and monitoring of passing birds in Denmark and Sweden, the overall picture is that most Arctic and boreal wader populations on the East Atlantic Flyway are thriving. Hence, 24–26 populations appear to have been stable, fluctuating or have shown long-term increases; however, one of these populations has shown a decline in recent years. In contrast, 8–10 populations show declines with one of these indicating some degree of recent recovery. Furthermore, two populations have unknown status.
Historical biogeography of fishes from coastal basins of Maranhão State, northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT The Amazonian ichthyofauna is one of the most diverse in the world, yet fishes from the adjacent coastal basins of Maranhão State in Northeastern Brazil remain poorly known. We use phylogeographic, community phylogenetic and phylogenetic beta diversity methods to study the biogeographic history of fishes from the coastal basins of Maranhão State. We report a total of 160 fish species from the basins of the Maranhão region, representing a 93% increase over results of previous studies. All the fish species assemblages from Maranhão are polyphyletic, with only a few putative sister species pairs inhabiting the region. The modern watershed divides among Maranhão basins do not form substantial barriers to dispersal for freshwater fish species, and are more effectively modelled as biogeographic islands than as biogeographic provinces. In combination these results suggest that the Maranhão ichthyofauna was assembled under the influence of several macroevolutionary (extinction, dispersal) and landscape evolution processes, during the Miocene and Pliocene, as well as by the modern ecological characteristics of the region. The results indicate that the distinctive geological and climatic conditions and history of Northeastern Brazil strongly constrained the formation of aquatic faunas in coastal basins of Maranhão State.
Genetic variability of "bois noir" phytoplasma strains using multilocus sequence typing analysis in Tuscan vineyards (Central Italy)

“Bois noir” (BN) is a grapevine yellows disease largely spread in the main viticultural areas worldwide. 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' is the BN associated agent. Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) studies based on tufB, secY, vmp1 and stamp genes contributes to increase the knowledge about its genetic variability. In this study, MLST analysis on the basis of vmp1 and stamp genes was carried out in 18 Tuscan vineyards (Central Italy). Results identified 27 vmp1/stamp genotypes with the prevalence of the Vm43/St10 genotype, never found in grapevine outside Tuscany. Phylogenetic analysis also revealed that such genotype is strictly related to ‘Ca. P. solani’ strains previously identified in Solanaceae plants only and in insect vectors, opening new perspectives on BN epidemiology. Key words--genetic characterization, phylogenetic analysis, stamp gene, Vitis vinifera, vmp1 gene
Magnets for cyclotrons

Different design aspects of cyclotrons and magnets for cyclotrons are reviewed. The cyclotron magnet design should be considered as an iterative process starting from a simple model that requires the vision of the complete cyclotron and the possibility of integration of all subsystems. Detailed calculations of 2-D and 3-D models follow to optimize the cyclotron magnet and cyclotron.
Contriving a chimeric polyvalent vaccine to prevent infections caused by Herpes Simplex Virus (Type-1 and Type-2): an exploratory immunoinformatic approach

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) cause a variety of infections including oral-facial infections, genital herpes, herpes keratitis, cutaneous infection and so on. To date, FDA-approved licensed HSV vaccine is not available yet. Hence, the study was conducted to identify and characterize an effective epitope based polyvalent vaccine against both types of Herpes Simplex Virus through targeting six viral proteins. The selected proteins were retrieved from viralzone and assessed to design highly antigenic epitopes by binding analyses of the peptides with MHC class-I and class-II molecules, antigenicity screening, transmembrane topology screening, allergenicity and toxicity assessment, population coverage analysis and molecular docking approach. The final vaccine was constructed by the combination of top CTL, HTL and BCL epitopes from each protein along with suitable adjuvant and linkers. Physicochemical and secondary structure analysis, disulfide engineering, molecular dynamic simulation and codon adaptation were further employed to develop a unique multi-epitope peptide vaccine. Docking analysis of the refined vaccine structure with different MHC molecules and human immune TLR-2 receptor demonstrated higher interaction. Complexed structure of the modeled vaccine and TLR-2 showed minimal deformability at molecular level. Moreover, translational potency and microbial expression of the modeled vaccine was analyzed with pET28a(+) vector for E. coli strain strain K12. The study enabled design of a novel chimeric polyvalent vaccine to confer broad range immunity against both HSV serotypes. However, further wet lab based research using model animals are highly recommended to experimentally validate our findings.
ASSEMBLY OF ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES IN RESTORED PRAIRIE, OLD FIELD AND MONOSPECIFIC STAND OF PHALARIS ARUNDINACEA: A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

Effects of prairie restoration on arthropod diversity was investigated at Gabis Arboretum, Valparaiso, Indiana. A total of 35,408 arthropods belonging to 13 taxa in the restored prairie (RP1 and RP2), old field (OF), and monoculture stand of Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass – RCG) sites, were captured, counted, and compared. The enhanced plant species diversity in the restored prairies did not appear to promote the diversity of arthropod taxa. However, the restoration led to a more balanced composition of arthropod functional groups and thus elevated the diversity of functional groups. The arthropod assemblages in the three sites diverged clearly according to my canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination. Pollinator abundance was greatest at RP and least at RCG site, positively correlating with greater forb diversity, and suggesting greater potential for nectar feeding and pollination potential at RP sites. Herbivore abundance was greatest at the RP sites, positively correlating with increasing plant species diversity. Predator abundance was significantly greater at the RCG site compared to the OF and RP sites; it was positively correlated with greater C3 grass cover, a characteristic of the structurally homogenous RCG site, and negatively correlated with increasing plant diversity and forb cover, a characteristic of the diverse and more structurally complex RP sites. Given the apparent non-random distribution of arthropods among the field types, my results suggest plant species composition has a significant effect on arthropod assembly. The monoculture grass stand was found to have a predator dominated arthropod community supported by a small, diverse herbivore community. It is concluded that the prairie restoration has resulted in alteration of arthropod communities supporting greater pollinator and herbivore abundance and a more balanced ratio of herbivores to predators due, in part, to increased plant structural diversity.
Diversity of soil mite communities in different habitats of Saskhori quarries, Georgia

Faunal diversity of the oribatid and mesostigmatid mites was investigated in four habitats (woodland, hemy-xerophiticshrubs, degraded steppe and perennial calcareous and oligotrophic grassland) of Saskhori limestone quarry. Mining processes are not yet started and semi-natural ecosystems are still preserved. Fifty one species of oribatidmites and nine morphospecies of mesostigmatid mites were identified. Two species of mesostigmatid mites Zerconmonigenus Blaszak, 1972and Trachytesstammeni HirschmannetZirngiebl-Nicol, 1969are new records for Caucasian fauna and two more - Proprioseiopsismessor (Wainstein, 1960) and Neoseiulus montanus (Wainstein, 1962a)(both Gamasina) are new for Georgia. Highest number of species was recorded on perennial calcareous and oligotrophic grasslands (43), which were followed by forests (37) and shrubs (25). Degraded steppes were extremely poor by soil mite species – only three oribatid species and no mesostigmatans were recorded there. Overall faunal composition indicateshabitat specific anthropogenic disturbance in studied habitats and less disturbed harboring important rare and sensitive species of mites.
Quality and antioxidant potential of ‘BRS Magna’ grapes harvested in the first half of the year under different training systems and rootstocks in a tropical region

ABSTRACT The Submedium São Francisco Valley is renowned for its particular conditions for cultivating grapes for different uses. The production of grapes for juice is relatively recent, and thus, knowledge is still limited on components of the production system. The aim of this study was to characterize the quality and antioxidant activity of ‘BRS Magna’ grapes in irrigated crops of the Submedium São Francisco River Valley under the influence of training systems and rootstocks, in production cycles of the first half of the year. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Field of Bebedouro/Embrapa Semiárido, in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. The following were studied: overhead trellis, lyre, and vertical shoot positioning (VSP) systems and rootstocks ‘IAC 572’ and ‘IAC 766’, in the production cycles corresponding to the first halves of 2017 and 2018. Experimental design was in randomized blocks, with sub-subplots through time and four replicates. Overall, responses depended on training systems, rootstocks, and production cycles, which determined specific traits of the grapes. Production in the first half of 2018 was characterized by high anthocyanin contents, high total extractable polyphenols, and higher antioxidant activity, and responses were differentiated according to training system and rootstock. Plants trained to overhead trellis and grafted on ‘IAC 572’ had higher accumulation of total extractable polyphenols and antioxidant activity in berries. Plants trained to VSP had increased sugar, yellow flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents in berries while lyre training system led to higher bunch mass.
A low-voltage switched-current delta-sigma modulator

This paper presents the design of a fully differential switched-current delta-sigma modulator using a single 3.3-V power-supply voltage. At system level, we tailor the modulator structure considering the similarity and difference of switched-capacitor and switched-current realizations. At circuit level, we propose a new switched-current memory cell and integrator with improved common mode feedback, without which low power-supply-voltage operation would not be possible. The whole modulator was implemented in a 0.8-/spl mu/m double-metal digital CMOS process. It occupies an active area of 0.53/spl times/0.48 mm/sup 2/ and consumes a current of 0.6 mA from a single 3.3-V power supply. The measured dynamic range is over 10 b. >
Children with special needs

1. Instructor Information: Instructor: Eeva Laine Jakobsen eeva.jakobsen@dis.dk DIS Copenhagen Faculty. Child Development and Diversity Program. MA in Educational Psychology (Aarhus University, Department of Education, 2014). Master thesis research on supportive learning environments in Finnish comprehensive schools. BA in Social Services with creative activities (Laurea Polytechnic, Department of Social Education, Vantaa, Finland, 2005). Student at Slagelse Pædagogseminariet (Spring and fall 2003). Social Educator (pædagog) in Youth Club Marievang (2005-2010). Social Educator in Specialcenter Slagelse. Working with children and adolescents with developmental disabilities and counseling families (2005-present). DIS Coinstructor in Child Development in Scandinavia. CDD Practicum advisor. With DIS since 2015.
Studies on insect diversity in chickpea (Cicer arietinum Linnaeus) ecosystem

A study on the insect diversity in chickpea and mustard ecosystem was carried out in the field at Student Instructional Farm, C.S. A.U. A&T, Kanpur during winter of 2015-2016. Altogether four insect-pests Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) and Odontotermes obesus (Rambur)} and two natural enemies of chickpea pod borer Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) and Campoletis chlorideae (Uchida) have been recorded in the chickpea. Among these pests of chickpea, gram pod borer were found as key pest in the field, respectively. It was appeared first in the 51 SW (Standard week) during mid-December with its initial intensity of 0.25 larvae m row which increased in subsequent weeks up to 8 SW and touched the peak population of 13.00 larvae m row during 9 SW. It showed positive correlation with respect to maximum temperature while negative correlation with minimum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. Larval parasitization of H. armigera by the parasitoid, C. chlorideae was observed predominantly in chickpea ecosystem as compared to egg parasitoid, T. chilonis. Host population and weather factors played significantly positive role in the parasitization. It was observed that 7 SW with maximum temperature of 30.4 °C, minimum temperature of 11.7 °C and RH of 75.0 per cent was observed as was the most conducive period for the larval parasitization. As regards the biotic factors of gram pod borer, H. armigera exhibited a significant positive correlation with T. chilonis, which indicate an important role in suppressing the pest population to some extent.