Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends of incidence and survival in patients with gastroenteropancreatic signet ring cell carcinoma: an analysis from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program.

Background The epidemiology and clinical outcome of gastroenteropancreatic signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) were not well illustrated. We aimed to explore the long-term epidemiology and predictors affect the overall survival (OS) of patients with SRC in gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Methods Annual age-adjusted incidence, OS and survival trend of patients with gastroenteropancreatic SRC were evaluated in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2000 to 2014. Multivariate Cox hazards regression model were used to identify predictive factors of the entity disease. Results Of the 24,613 patients in the cohort, 54.0% (13,295) were male gender. The age-adjusted incidence of SRC from January 2000 to December 2014 was decreased slightly. This trend appeared across all stages, grades and all the tumor locations, excerpt for esophagus and appendix. In regard to the incidence of SRC in gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, the stomach carried a higher incidence than other sites. Different primary site, stage and grade, and age of clinical diagnosis as well as time period of diagnosis were all found to have the significant median OS by multivariable analysis. Five years' OS of gastroenteropancreatic SRC was improving gradually between 2000-2014. In subgroups stratified by tumor stages and grades, the most pronounced improvement of survival over the same interval was observed in the early-stage and well differentiation SRC. Conclusions SRC in a heterogeneous US population tended to carry the poor prognosis with a high proportion of distant metastasis. The poor prognosis of SRC was mainly caused by high tumor stages and poor differentiation at diagnosis.
Botulnum toxin type A (BoNT/A), the mandibular neuromuscular envelope, and bite jumping appliances: skeletal effects

Background: Bite jumping appliances (BJA) are a common treatment modality for Class II malocclusions and yet studies have shown that the results are limited to mostly dentoalveolar correction. A better understanding of the role the muscles of mastication play in the action of these appliances is warranted. Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is a useful research tool to decrease muscle function without impeding blood supply or causing scarring. // Objectives: BoNT/A was used in this study in combination with BJA to assess cephalometrically the effects that muscular stretch have on the skeletal outcomes of bite jumping therapy. // Methods: One hundred and twenty-eight inbred, juvenile, male, Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were randomly assigned to either: one of six short-term groups, or one of ten long-term groups (n = 8 per group). The short-term groups consisted of C (control), S (saline injection), B (BoNT/A injection), M (BJA), MB (BoNT/A injections plus BJA), MS (saline injection plus BJA). The long-term groups consisted of CL (control), BL (BoNT/A injection), BLR (BoNT/A repeat injection), SL (saline injection), SLR (saline repeat injection), ML (BJA), MBL (BoNT/A plus BJA), MBLR (BoNT/A repeat injection plus BJA), MSL (saline injection plus BJA), and MSLR (saline repeat injection plus BJA). In the BoNT/A injection groups the temporalis and deep masseter muscles were injected bilaterally with Dysport®. Equivalent volumes of saline were used within the sham injection groups. In the repeat injection groups, the injections were repeated weekly for the duration of the study. Digital lateral and dorsoventral cephalometric radiographs were taken at baseline (T0 = 28 days old) and weekly thereafter for 3 weeks until T3 (49 days of age) at which time the short-term groups were culled and all appliances removed. Additional radiographs were taken in the long-term groups at T4 (56 days of age), T5 (70 days of age), T6 (98 days of age), and T7 (126 days of age). The cephalometric program Viewbox 3.1® was used to create cephalometric analyses and obtain linear and angular measurements. After an initial repeatability study the variables were restricted to those deemed more accurate. Multiple comparisons between and within groups were conducted using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc test Tamhane. // Results: Importantly, the total mandibular length (Co↔Dg) and horizontal projection of the mandible were increased in the MBL and MBLR groups. The condyles also maintained a more anterior position in the MBL and MBLR groups. // Conclusions: The length of the mandible was only slightly affected in the experimental groups. The mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa of the rat does possess some adaptive capacity to altered extrinsic forces.
Congenital hypothyroidism in different cities of the Isfahan province: A descriptive retrospective study

BACKGROUND: Considering the high prevalence rate of congenital hypothyroidism CH in Iran, an epidemiological study in each region would be helpful in understanding the etiology of the disorder and providing preventative strategies in this field. This study aims to determine the prevalence of CH in different cities of the Isfahan province. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive and retrospective study was conducted among 918 primarily diagnosed CH neonates, who have been identified through the neonatal screening program from 2009 to 2015. At the age of ≥3 years, treatment was discontinued for 4 weeks, and T4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone were measured. Permanent (PCH) or transient (TCH) was determined from the results of the thyroid function tests. RESULTS: From 389,101 screened neonates, 918 were diagnosed with primary CH. The overall prevalence rate of CH was 2.36 in 1000 live birth (ranged 1.58–7.22 in 1000 live birth in different cities). The highest prevalence rate of CH was reported in Ardestan, Khansar, Golpaygan, and Nain cities with prevalence rate of 4.86–7.22 in 1000 live birth and lowest prevalence occurring in Fereydan, Shahreza, Isfahan, and Mobarakeh cities with prevalence rate of 1.58–1.89 in 1000 live birth. In 392 cases which reached to 3 years of age, the rate of TCH was 47.45%. In Chadegan, Natanz, Fereydunshahr, Shahinshahr, Najafabad, Dehaghan, Borkhar, and Mobarakeh, the prevalence of PCH was <50%. CONCLUSION: The current findings indicate that the incidence rate of both PCH and TCH are high in Isfahan province with significant variability in different cities which could be due to the role of different genetic, prenatal, and different environmental factors. These epidemiological data could be used as baseline date to design more etiological studies.
Effects of Delay and Signals on Choice between Delayed Food Alone and Immediate Food with Delayed Shock

Effects of Delay and Signals on Choice between Delayed Food Alone and Immediate Food with Delayed Shock Forrest J. Toegel Much of the research in the area of self-control has examined choice between small immediate reinforcers and large delayed reinforcers, but many problems result from situations in which a single choice produces consequences of conflicting valence: Those in which the immediate outcome is reinforcing and the delayed outcome is aversive. Recent research has evaluated how preference for a large reinforcer which is followed by a delayed shock changes as a function of the delay to shock and how the intensity and duration of delayed shock affects the value of a large reinforcer. The present set of experiments investigated how the value of a food reinforcer followed by delayed shock changes as a function of the delay to shock. Instead of arranging choice between small and large reinforcers, the present experiments arranged choice between two reinforcers of equal magnitude – one of which was delivered after a delay, and the other was delivered immediately and followed by delayed shock. Rats chose between the consequences by pressing one of two levers. Using an adjusting-delay procedure, adjustments were made in the delay to food based on the rats’ choices. Exclusive choice of delayed food raised the delay to food in subsequent trials; exclusive choice of immediate food with delayed shock reduced the delay to food in subsequent trials. Adjustments continued until the both consequences were chosen equally often and the delay to food stabilized. The mean delay over this stable period was taken as an estimate of the indifference point – the delay at which the delayed food alone was equal in value to the immediate food followed by delayed shock. In Experiment 1, indifference points were identified across conditions with different delays to shock. The shock devalued the immediate food to the greatest extent when the delay to shock was short, and the effects of shock weakened as the delay was raised. In Experiment 2, indifference points were identified across conditions in which either the delay to shock or the presence of a signaling procedure was manipulated. As in Experiment 1, effects of shock were greatest when the delay was short and weakened as the delay was raised. Signaling the delayed shock did not influence effects of the shock systematically. Additional analyses of the adjusting delay, latency to press each lever, and the fit of hyperbolas based on Mazur’s (1987) hyperbolic discounting equation to indifference points were conducted for both experiments. The results from the present experiments are discussed in the context of laboratory research on choice that produces both reinforcing and aversive consequences and on effects of signaling aversive events.
Knowledge and Practice of Preventive Measures for Nosocomial Infections among Health Workers in Primary Health Care Center in Aluu, Rivers State

This study examined the knowledge and practice of preventive measures for nosocomial infection among health workers in Primary Health Center in Aluu, Rivers State. A descriptive survey design was used for the study. The population consisted of all health workers at the primary health center during the period of this study. The researcher sampled 52 subjects for data collection. All the workers were included in the study except those on annual leave. Thus the total sampling technique was employed this study. A self-structured questionnaire titled “Knowledge and Practice of Preventive Measures for Nosocomial Infection Questionnaire (KPPMNIQ)” was the instrument for data collection. The validated questionnaire with a reliability index of 0.86 was administered on the respondents by direct delivery method over a period of one week. Only 48 health workers were accessible at the time of conducting the study as the other 4 health workers were on annual leave. Analysis of data was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software (SPSS) version 22. Results revealed that out of the 48 respondents studied, 4.20% had poor knowledge, 8.30% had fair knowledge while 87.5% had good knowledge of the preventive measures for nosocomial infection; 33.3% practice while 66.7% do not practice preventive measures for nosocomial infection; the challenges of health workers in prevention of nosocomial infection include inadequate equipments such as hand washing sink, the perception that nosocomial infection cannot be completely eradicated, poor health workers’ staffing and bad effects of hand hygiene agents on the skin; Hypothesis test showed that no significant relationship between awareness and practice of preventive measures for nosocomial infection among health workers in Primary Health Center, Aluu. There is therefore the need for hospital policies that will monitor the practice of preventive measures for nosocomial infection among health workers which will go a long way in compelling health workers to practice nosocomial infection prevention thus reducing the incidence of nosocomial infection, it morbidity as well as associated mortality.
Factors Associated with Unmet Healthcare Needs of the Older Korean Population: The Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017

Background: South Korea has the fastest growing aging population in the world, and older people require more healthcare services. Unmet healthcare needs still exist in Korea due to several complex reasons. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with unmet healthcare needs of the older Korean population. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,194 older adults, aged 65 years and older, who participated in the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2017. Sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and health status, comorbidity, and unmet healthcare needs were included in this study’s analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between unmet healthcare needs and other factors. Results: The prevalence of unmet healthcare needs in this study population was 7.8%. After adjusting for age, sex, education level, household income, living alone, private health insurance, regular walking, body mass index, unintended weight loss, and osteoarthritis, women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.921; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.061-3.479) and unintended weight loss (aOR, 2.218; 95% CI, 1.105-4.453) were more likely to have unmet healthcare needs than their counterparts. The group with general obesity (aOR, 1.691; 95% CI, 1.015-2.816) was more likely to have unmet healthcare needs than the group with normal body mass index. Conclusions: Among the older Korean population, being a woman, general obesity, and unintended weight loss may be risk factors for unmet healthcare needs. Korean J Health Promot 2019;19(2):84-90
Consumption of energy drink and associated factors

Purpose Energy drink (ED) consumption has become a common trend, especially among the youth. Hence, the purpose of this study was undertaken to assess the ED consumption pattern among the university students and investigate the independent predictors for their preference of such drinks. Design/methodology/approach It was a cross-sectional study conducted among 323 students from various departments of Noakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh. Findings Among students, about 57 per cent were male, and mostly between 21-23 years. About 31 per cent of the students had never consumed ED, while 69 per cent had consumed such drinks at least once in their lifetime. Only 31.4 per cent of the ever consumer had knowledge of its components, and 14.3 per cent of them did not know the negative effects of ED. Bivariate analysis identified the variables that were significantly associated with students’ consumption of ED. Taking the significant factors into a multivariate model, the risks of ED consumption were male gender (OR = 3.82; 95 per cent CI = 2.24 − 6.52), longer study duration in university (OR = 1.02; 95 per cent CI = 1.00 − 1.03) and doing regular physical activity (OR = 1.69; 95 per cent CI = 1.04 − 2.75). Originality/value High consumption of ED among university students is evident, yet their perception regarding components and potential health hazards of such drinks is opaque. This study results suggest the necessity of formulating policy and intervention strategies concentrating on the predictors of ED consumption to promote consciousness about ingredients and related health effects of ED among students of all levels in Bangladesh and other countries as well.
Comparison of response interruption and redirection, variable ratio RIRD, and signaled RIRD for stereotypy in children diagnosed with ASD

Stereotypy has been defined as repetitive vocal or motor behaviors that occur throughout the day with no apparent function to the related activity (Martinez, Betz, Liddon, & Werle, 2016). It has been identified as one of two major destructive behaviors, second to self-injurious behavior, due to its impact across areas of functioning, such as education and social (National Institute of Health, 1989). Research has suggested that response interruption and redirection (RIRD) is an effective intervention to decrease stereotypy in children diagnosed with ASD. Although the basic RIRD arrangement has been demonstrated to be effective in numerous studies, the results of some previous studies have suggested that the intervention may be effective with adaptions that might ultimately increase the generality of the intervention (e.g., signaled RIRD; intermittent application of RIRD). Thus, the purpose of the current study is to evaluate the relative effects of the standard RIRD procedure, RIRD implemented on a variable ratio schedule, and signaled RIRD (i.e., discrimination training with RIRD) on stereotypy exhibited by children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder who engage in automatically maintained stereotypy.
Role of Healthcare Providers Recommendation Style in HPV Vaccine Decision-Making among Haitian Parents and Female Patients

Background and Purpose: The strong influence of physician recommendation on vaccine uptake is well established in the literature. However, its influence on HPV vaccine decision-making among young Haitian women is understudied. This study investigated the role of healthcare providers� recommendation style in Haitian parents� and female patients� HPV vaccine decision-making. Methods: Thirty selfidentified Haitian women aged 17-26 years were recruited from a large university campus in the Southeastern United States (N=30). They completed in-depth face-to-face interviews regarding their HPV vaccine decision-making process. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Provider recommendation was cited as a major factor that influenced HPV vaccine uptake. Additionally, the framing of the HPV vaccine message greatly influenced vaccine decisions. Messages that framed the vaccine as a preventive measure for cervical cancer or as a preventive vaccine without an emphasis on the sexual transmission route of the virus were most effective. Messages that framed the vaccine as a preventive measure against a sexually transmitted infection did not positively influence young women to be vaccinated. Conclusions: These findings indicate that providers� recommendation style highly affects HPV vaccine decision. Thus, appropriate HPV vaccine framing is important for encouraging vaccine uptake in this ethnic group.
Effect of buspirone on blood glucose levels in rats

Background: Buspirone is commonly used as an anti-anxiety drug. There is controversy over the dysglycemic effects of buspirone in various clinical and animal studies. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effect of buspirone on blood sugar level in rats at three different doses. Materials and Methods: Rats were treated with three doses of buspirone orally, namely, 3 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg and control group received distilled water orally for 14 days. Blood was collected by tail prick method at 0 h (fasting), at ½ h, 1 h, 1½ h, 2 h, and 4 h after drug administration on day 1. On days 7 and 14, the blood glucose levels were estimated at baseline (0 h) and at 1 h after the drug administration. Blood glucose levels were estimated using the glucometer. Results: On day 1, mean blood glucose values were found to be significantly (P < 0.001) low in control group and in buspirone 3 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg groups at various time intervals as compared to baseline value at 0 h in respective group. In buspirone 10 mg/kg group, mean blood glucose levels at all-time intervals were found to be significantly high (P < 0.01) as compared to baseline value at 0 h. On days 7 and 14, a significant increase in the blood glucose level was observed immediately within 30 min of drug administration and reach maximum value at the end of 1 h only in buspirone 10 mg/kg group. This rise in blood glucose level was not seen in groups receiving buspirone 3 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg. Conclusion: Buspirone 3 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg does not have any effect on blood glucose levels, while in a high dose of 10 mg/kg causes a significant transient increase in the blood glucose level.
Stream processing optimizations for mobile sensing applications

Mobile sensing applications (MSAs) are an emerging class of applications that process continuous sensor data streams to make time-sensitive inferences. Representative application domains range from environmental monitoring, context-aware services to recognition of physical activities and social interactions. Example applications involve city air quality assessment, indoor localization, pedometer and speaker identification. The common application workflow is to read data streams from the sensors (e.g, accelerometers, microphone, GPS), extract statistical features, and then present the inferred high-level events to the user. MSAs in the healthcare domain especially draw a significant amount of attention in recent years because sensor-based data collection and assessment offer finer-granularity, timeliness, and higher accuracy in greater quantity than traditional, labor-intensive, data gathering mechanisms in use today, e.g., surveys methods. The higher fidelity and accuracy of the collected data expose new research opportunities, improve the reliability and accuracy of medical decisions, and empower users to manage personal health more effectively. Nonetheless, a critical challenge to practical deployment of MSAs in real-world is to effectively manage limited resources of mobile platforms to meet stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements in terms of processing throughput and delay while ensuring long term robustness. To address the challenge, we model MSAs in dataflows as a graph of processing elements that are connected by communication channels. The processing elements may execute in parallel as long as they have sufficient data to process. A key feature of the dataflow model is that it explicitly capture parallelism and data dependencies between processing elements. Based on the graph composition, we first proposed CSense, a stream-processing toolkit for robust and high-rate MSAs. In
Distribution of CYP2D6 polymorphism in the Middle Eastern region

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is an important drug-metabolizing enzyme involved in the pharmacokinetic metabolism of drugs. CYP2D6 gene is highly polymorphic, and the combination of its different alleles yields different phenotypes including extensive metabolizer (EM), intermediate metabolizer (IM), poor metabolizer (PM), and ultrarapid metabolizer (UM). Genotyping of the important alleles for this gene in different ethnicities is of particular importance for assessing the efficacy of various drugs. In this study, we reviewed the CYP2D6 allele and phenotype frequencies predicted from the genotypes of CYP2D6 in the Middle East area. Regardless of different ethnicities, the CYP2D6*41 allele frequency was shown to be higher than that of other reduced functional alleles. In addition, CYP2D6*4 was the most frequent nonfunctional allele in all studied populations in the Middle East. Taken together, our findings illustrated that the frequencies of PM or IM alleles and different genotypes harboring these alleles are relatively high in the Middle Eastern countries. Therefore, the study of CYP2D6 alleles for each patient to detect those that are at risk is of great importance to prevent adverse drug reactions through individualization therapy.