Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
English in America: A Radical View of the Profession

When it first appeared in 1976, this groundbreaking exploration of the influences of capitalism on the profession of English touched a nerve among educators and inspired Library Journal to declare, "This book should be read by all thoughtful Americans. " Now, 20 years later, in a substantial new introduction that recontextualizes the book, Richard Ohmann addresses the critical furor over its initial publication, evaluates his own arguments in the aftermath of the Cold War, and locates the profession of English in the thick of the hotly contested culture wars. A remarkably prescient book whose claims have withstood two decades of fierce debate, English in America is widely considered to be as relevant today as ever. Wise, witty, and urbane, it has much to teach all students of English.
Perinatal outcome in uncomplicated pregnancies with oligohydramnios

Background: Oligohydramnios refers to amniotic fluid volume that is less than expected for gestational age. We aimed to assess the perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with oligohydramnios.Methods: The prospective study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pravara Medical College, Loni in which 200 consecutive singleton pregnancies delivered vaginally, with intact membranes were included. Amniotic fluid index was determined using the Phelan’s technique at the time of admission and women were diagnosed with oligohydramnios if AFI was five or less, which formed the first group and the rest of mother formed the second group. Perinatal outcomes were noted in the proforma as well.Results: Of the 200 mothers included in the study, 38 had AFI ≤ 5. Baseline characteristics was similar in both the groups. Most common antenatal risk factors studies were pregnancy induced hypertension (29% vs 12%; p value <0.05), intrauterine growth restriction (34% vs 10%; p value <0.001) and severe anemia (21% vs 9%; p value <0.05). Proportion of pregnancies needing induction of labor and birth weight less than 2.5 kgs were significantly higher among mothers with oligohydramnios.Conclusions: Authors observed that induction of labor and low birth weight were significantly associated with oligohydramnios. Prospective randomized trials are needed to establish whether early induction of labor in the presence of a oligohydramnios improves perinatal outcome.
Model Development and the Assessment of Competing Models

The paper describes the process of model development and applies multiattribute utility theory to the practical problem of optimizing the selection among competing models designed for the same purpose. As an example, two models (Human Interactive and Monte Carlo) are compared which differ on the basis of their existing levels of abstraction, or their degree of remoteness from the real world. The slight superiority of the Monte Carlo Model resulted largely because it had higher utilities for the more important attributes of models such as repeatability of output, degree of error/low variability, and feasibility of use and application.
Fetal nasal bone hypoplasia in the second trimester and risk of abnormal karyotype in a population of Chinese pregnant women

Introduction: To evaluate the association of hypoplastic nasal bone and fetal chromosomal abnormalities in a prescreened sample of Chinese pregnant women. Materials and methods: This retrospective study followed women whose fetuses shown hypoplastic nasal bone. Fetal karyotyping was performed and pregnancy outcomes were followed. The relationship between hypoplastic nasal bone with abnormal karyotype was evaluated stratified by whether other ultrasound soft markers or structural abnormalities were also observed. Results: A total of 56707 singleton pregnancies were initially included. After exclusion of unqualified cases, a total of 65 (65/56707, 1.15%) fetuses with hypoplastic nasal bone were included in the analyses, among which 8 (8/65, 12.31%) were determined to have chromosomal abnormalities. Hypoplasia of nasal bone in association with other structural abnormalities had a higher rate of abnormal karyotypes [66.67% (6/9) vs. 9.09% (2/22), Fisher’s exact test χ2=8.256 p=0.004] compared with cases associated with other ultrasound soft markers. Conclusion: Hypoplastic nasal bone, when associated with structural abnormalities in a fetus, is associated with chromosomal abnormalities. Correspondence to: Li Cao, MD, MS, Ultrasound Department, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, No. 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011, China, Tel: 8613585891083; E-mail: caolidoc@foxmail.com
Effects of Aroma Inhalation Method on Test Anxiety, Stress Response and Serum Cortisol in Nursing Students

Purpose: This study was done to examine the effects of Aroma inhalation therapy on test anxiety, stress and serum cortisol in nursing students. Methods: The study design was a pre posttest randomized design with a pre-survey, a 5-day experimental treatment (2012.11.17-21) and a post survey. Participants were 65 students - 31 in the aromatic inhalation group and 34 in the control group. The pre-survey included general demographic characteristics and test anxiety, stress and serum cortisol levels for all students. The experimental group received the aromatic inhalation using aroma oil (mixed Maychang, lavender, rosewood essence - ratio of 3:5:2). Results: The experimental group treated with aromatic inhalation scored significantly lower for test anxiety (t
Influence of cholecystectomy on symptomatic cholelithiasis: can allsymptoms be improved? -

Objective To analyze the outcome of cholecystectomies in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis for improvement in the pre-operative symptoms. Methods This cross-sectional interview-based prospective study included 200 patients who responded to a pre-designed questionnaire in a tertiary care hospital, seen from March 2007 through May 2009. They were interviewed in the post-operative period for improvement in their symptoms at intervals of 1, 3 and 6 months. The patients with common bile duct stones, bilio-enteric fistulae, carcinoma of gall bladder with cholelithiasis, and those lost to follow up were excluded from the study. A benefit ratio (BR) was calculated using SPSS v. 13 for each symptom. BR close to 1.0 was interpreted as evidence of gall stone disease related specifically to the symptom. Results Out of 200 patients, there were 142 females and 58 males. Mean age was 46.5 years (range 14-92, SD±14.25). 98.5% of patients had abdominal pain associated with gallstones. Other symptoms of variable frequency were nausea (70%), dyspepsia (58.5%), fatty food intolerance (57%), vomiting (25%), heartburn (24.5%) and flatulence (21%). After cholecystectomy, 98.5% patients had complete relief of abdominal pain and vomiting at 6 months (BR=1). Fatty food intolerance seen in 57% patients preoperatively stayed at 7.5% at six months (BR=0.87). Dyspepsia persisted in 38.5% patients post-operatively (BR=0.34). De novo appearance of symptoms was noted in 5% of patients. 93.5% patients were satisfied with the outcome of surgery. Conclusion Cholecystectomy appears to relieve specifically biliary pain, nausea, vomiting and fatty 1 food intolerance associated with gallstone disease. Other abdominal symptoms that are non-specific like flatulence, dyspepsia and heartburn are only partly relieved. Despite the persistence or appearance of new symptoms, most patients were satisfied with the outcome of surgery. (Rawal Med J 2009;34: ).
Comparative effectiveness of exenatide once‐weekly versus liraglutide in routine clinical practice: A retrospective multicentre study and meta‐analysis of observational studies

In this study, we retrospectively compared the effectiveness of exenatide once‐weekly (ExeOW) versus liraglutide in non‐insulin treated patients with type 2 diabetes followed under routine care. We also present a meta‐analysis of similar observational studies available in the literature. In our multicentre retrospective study, patients initiating ExeOW (n = 204) or liraglutide (n = 410) had similar baseline clinical characteristics. Change in HbA1c at 6 months was superimposable in the two groups (−0.7% ± 1.0%), and changes in body weight were also similar (ExeOW ‐2.2 ± 3.7 kg; liraglutide −2.5 ± 4.3 kg; p = 0.457). Discontinuation rates were numerically but not significantly lower for ExeOW versus liraglutide. Pooling these data with those of observational studies available in the literature yielded superimposable effects between the two groups for the change in HbA1c and body weight, with a higher risk of discontinuation (mainly based on pharmacy refill rates) for ExeOW. We conclude that, in patients under routine care, initiation of ExeOW provides similar benefits on HbA1c and body weight as initiation of liraglutide. These data help view the results of randomized controlled trials from the perspective of their application in routine clinical practice.
Sleep in Lung Cancer: The Role of Anxiety, Alcohol and Tobacco

&NA; Lung cancer patients constitute a subgroup of cancer patients most at risk for experiencing sleep disturbances. Anxiety is not a significant problem in this population, but may be blunted by alcohol use or smoking. The purpose of this study is to describe anxiety, alcohol use, smoking, and sleep disturbances in a sample of patients with lung cancer. Guided by the classic model of insomnia by Spielman, this study describes anxiety as a predisposing factor, alcohol use and smoking as precipitating factors, and perpetuating factors that maintain or exacerbate sleep disturbances. Nurses across all specialty areas should address these modifiable factors during encounters with patients with lung cancer.
Estimation of salivary immunoglobulin A levels in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis patients before and after phase I periodontal therapy

Background: The purpose of this study was to estimate the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the saliva of healthy controls and patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 45 male adult patients, of 20-50 age group who were grouped into three different groups viz. Group A (healthy subjects), Group B (Gingivitis), Group C (Periodontitis) based on clinical parameters. The clinical parameters including plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), Russell's periodontal index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and serum IgA levels were recorded at baseline in Group A and at baseline and after 4 weeks in Group B and C. Levels of salivary IgA were measured using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) technique after collecting 5 ml of unstimulated pooled saliva from patients in two different samples. Results: There was a significant reduction in salivary IgA levels, PlI, GI and PPD after phase I periodontal therapy in Group B and C; whereas a decrease in Russell's PI and gain in the CAL after phase I periodontal therapy were not statistically significant in Group C (periodontitis) patients. Salivary IgA levels, PlI, GI, and Russell's PI were significantly lower in the Group A (control) patients compared with Group B (gingivitis) and Group C (periodontitis) patients. Conclusion: Our study showed increased levels of salivary IgA in patients with periodontal disease compared with the healthy controls. The less severe the periodontal involvement, the more dependable was the reduction in IgA concentration following phase I periodontal therapy.
Memory span for movement configurations : The effects of concurrent verbal, motor and visual interference

Nous avons etudie comment les mouvements de danse sont encodes par des danseurs professionnels en utilisant le modele de memoire de travail. Dans l'experience 1, soit les sujets recevaient oralement une liste de mouvements a se rappeler et ils devaient les produire normalement, soit ils devaient produire une tâche verbale concurrente pendant que la liste de mouvements a memoriser leur etait presentee. Les resultats montrent que la tâche d'interference verbale n'affecte pas la realisation des mouvements. Dans l'experience 2, les mouvements etaient produits soit avec une interference verbale seule, soit avec deux interferences. Pour un groupe, la double interference consistait a ajouter une tâche concurrente « mouvement de bras » durant la presentation, tandis que l'autre groupe recevait une tâche de suppression visuelle (« bruit visuel dynamique »). Les resultats montrent que seule la tâche concurrente motrice diminue significativement la memorisation des mouvements. Les resultats de ces deux experiences suggerent que les configurations motrices sont encodees par un systeme de memoire different de la « boucle phonetique » et du systeme de memoire visuelle temporaire.
'Perpetual Connectivity': Lecture Recordings and Portable Media Players

Using portable media players to enhance and support teaching and learning activities in higher education is becoming an increasingly common practice. With a growing understanding of the pedagogical possibilities of podcasting, the availability of low-cost MP3 players and the arrival of convenient delivery environments such as Apple’s iTunes U, many universities are considering how to appropriately harness this technology to support their teaching priorities and the learning needs of their students.
Tuberculosis of the breast: 10 years' experience in one institution.

SETTING Breast tuberculosis (TB) is rare even in endemic areas. Its presentation is variable and non-specific, and its diagnosis is therefore usually delayed. DESIGN We recruited breast TB cases between 1998 and June 2009 at Kaohsiung Medical Center in southern Taiwan. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features, diagnosis and management of breast TB. RESULTS A total of 26 patients with breast TB (25 females) were included in this study. The most common presentation was breast tumour, followed by breast abscess and painful sensation. Patients received partial mastectomy or incision and drainage. The pathological examination revealed granulomatous inflammation, acute and chronic inflammation or both. Polymerase chain reaction has very low sensitivity in diagnosing breast TB. The interval between initial presentation and definite treatment was an average of 54.5 days. All patients received anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, with excellent response. CONCLUSION The presentation of breast TB is variable and diagnosis is usually delayed. The disease can be diagnosed through pathological tests and a high suspicion by experienced physicians. The definite treatment is adequate anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy after surgical excision or drainage.
Aspects of social problems of vesico-vaginal fistula patients in Kano

Objective : To review some of the medical and social problems experienced by vesico-vaginal fistula patients. Methods : A hundred and ninety-one consecutive vesico-vaginal fistula patients coming for repair at the Murtala Mohammed specialist hospital, Kano were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire. The data generated was analysed using basic descriptive statistics. Results : The mean age of these 191 patients was 28.8 ± 8.4 years. They have had fistula for an average of 3.4 years. A hundred and twenty-eight (67.1%) were either divorced or separated from their spouses because of the fistula, majority are illiterates, engaged in menial jobs. They travel long distances before accessing repair services. Eightyfour, (34%) have had at least 1 previous failed repair. Conclusion : Patients with vesico-vaginal fistula, experience great deal of social problems and are often times neglected even by their immediate family. Repair services are scarce and few are of good quality. Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Vol. 22(2) 2005: 133-135
Mapping the field of Algorithmic Journalism

With software automatically producing texts in natural language from structured data, the evolution of natural language generation (NLG) is changing traditional news production. The paper first addresses the question whether NLG is able to perform the functions of professional journalism on a technical level. A technological potential analysis therefore uncovers the technological limitations and possibilities of NLG, accompanied by an institutional classification following Weischenberg, Malik, and Scholl. Overall, NLG is explained within the framework of algorithmic selection and along its technological functionality. The second part of the paper focuses on the economic potential of NLG in journalism as well as indicating its institutionalization on an organizational level. Thirteen semi-structured interviews with representatives of the most relevant service providers detail the current market situation. Following Heuss, the development of the NLG market is classified into phases. In summary, although the market for NLG in journalism is still at an early stage of market expansion, with only a few providers and journalistic products available, NLG is able to perform tasks of professional journalism at a technical level. The analysis therefore sets the basis to analyze upcoming challenges for journalism research at the intersection of technology and big data.
The efficiency and effectiveness of donor registry promotion and the organ donation process: Impact on the availability and the cost of procuring organs for transplant

The remarkable progress of transplant medicine in the latter half of the twentieth century has led to an unprecedented demand for donated organs that have historically remained in short supply. Although a clinically effective procedure, organ transplant’s health benefit to the society is seriously limited by the shortage of organs. The resulting tragic and preventable loss of life is therefore a public health concern. This dissertation examines the efficiency and the effectiveness of the organ procurement process and its impact on the cost and availability of transplantable organs. Specifically, three issues are examined using data from western Pennsylvania and West Virginia, a region served by the Center for Organ Recovery and Education (CORE). First, the effect of process breakdown on the availability of transplantable organs is examined using generalized linear model. The principal finding is that for every process breakdown in the care of a potential donor, one less organ is available for transplant. Consequently, 25 organs were lost to process breakdowns over the three-year study period. Second, the cost of promoting the donor registry and its effect on the supply of organ donors is examined using decision analysis model. The principal finding is that CORE’s promotion efforts would generate 4.2 present-day donors at a cost of $726,000 per donor. When compared with previously published estimates of a donor’s monetary value to the society, CORE’s promotion efforts offer good return on investment. Third, the impact of donor registry promotion on organ shortage is examined. Our analysis indicates that the impact threshold of registry promotion is reached at 64 donors that yield 73 kidneys, 45 livers, 18 lungs and 15 hearts. The principal finding is that registry promotion alone cannot arrest the growth in transplant waiting list. Although a cost-effective strategy, registry promotion has a significant budget impact. Living donation and innovations that expand the donor pool or improve the organ acceptance rate may be able to arrest the growth in the waiting list. However, burden of waiting list deaths rests primarily on the causes of end-stage organ failure rather than organ shortage. Prevention and early intervention remain the first line of defense.
University Students' Usage and Perceptions of the Internet

This study explored how university students used the Internet and how attributes, such as university major, gender, and age, were implicated in the Internet usage factors—enjoyment, usefulness, anxiety, and self-efficacy. The data revealed that university students used the Internet very frequently, with the majority on a daily basis. Factorial ANOVA analysis revealed that statistically significant differences of enjoyment was found between male and female students, the younger and older students, and students' different majors across age groups. Differences on the Internet usefulness was found between female and male students and between students' different majors across age groups. Multiple regression revealed that students' enjoyment, feeling of the Internet usefulness, and self-efficacy significantly contributed to their anxiety level toward utilizing the Internet.
The Effects of Extensive Single Task and Dual Task Training on the Neural Bases of Visual Object Categorization: Escaping the Frontal Bottleneck

Perceptual learning of visual categorization has been described as a two-stage model, wherein the tuning of representations in visual areas is sharpened to the physical attributes of the stimuli and dorsolateral prefrontal areas develop task-dependent category tuning. Studies have also shown that the lateral prefrontal cortex is the source of a decisional bottleneck, limited to serial task processing, which implies a serious limitation to multitasking. However, some studies have shown the ability to multitask despite this bottleneck. Here we tested the hypothesis that extensive experience with a categorization task in single task (Study 1) and dual task (Study 2) scenarios leads to a shift in the task circuitry out of the frontal bottleneck to more posterior brain regions, accompanied by a concomitant decrease in dual task interference. We used a mobile app to attain >30,000 training trials per participant. We then assessed training related changes in the underlying neural circuitry using both fMRI and EEG rapid adaptation (RA) techniques, and changes in task automaticity using traditional lab-based behavioral testing. In Study 1, EEG-RA showed that extensive single task categorization training led to a categorical signal arising ~100ms earlier compared to initial training and MRI-RA showed numerous categorical clusters outside of the frontal bottleneck, including in left posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and ventral occipitotemporal cortex. As predicted, this posterior shift in the
The Role of Androgens in Testicular Development and Dysgenesis

Disorders of male reproductive health which manifest at birth (cryptorchidism, hypospadias) or in young adulthood (testicular germ cell cancer and low sperm counts), are common and may be increasing in incidence. These disorders have a common fetal origin and share risk factors; consequently they are hypothesized to comprise a testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). TDS arises when maldevelopment (dysgenesis) of the fetal testis results in hormonal malfunctions and abnormal development and function of the somatic cells. It is thought that the suppressed intratesticular testosterone levels associated with TDS may account for subsequent low sperm counts, via a reduction in perinatal Sertoli cell proliferation/number. Sertoli cells do not express androgen receptors (AR) in fetal life in the human or rat, so it is hypothesised that any androgen effects on Sertoli cell number occur indirectly, via the AR positive peritubular myoid cells. Evidence from the di (n‐butyl) phthalate (DBP)‐treated rat model for TDS suggests that reduced androgen action may play a role in testicular dysgenesis as in patients with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS; ‘testicular feminization’), in whom focal areas of testicular dysgenesis have been reported. The studies in this thesis sought to establish if reduced androgen levels/action in the fetal rat testis contribute to putative testicular dysgenetic features, namely reduced Sertoli cell number, occurrence of multinucleated gonocytes or abnormal aggregation of fetal Leydig cells, the precursor of focal dysgenesis. Pregnant rats were exposed to treatments or co‐treatments expected to manipulate testicular testosterone levels (DBP, testosterone propionate; TP) or action (flutamide, DMBA) or to induce intrauterine