Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Audit of Widal Testing For Enteric Fever in the City Of Ahmedabad

Introduction: Widal test has been used extensively for the sero-diagnosis of Enteric fever in India, however, its accuracy and reliability are debatable. We studied widal testing and widal positivity rates in the entire city of Ahmedabad for the diagnosis of Enteric Fever. Methods We screened all 1700 possible diagnostic laboratory facilities, in Ahmedabad, in the public and private sector. We performed telephonic surveys for the initial filtering of facilities that could be conducting widal testing. It was followed by physical visits to probable facilities to confirm testing methods and preservation of reports of widal testing. We followed a systematic process for screening and selection of 23 laboratories, which conducted widal tests and had reliable data. While 14 laboratories refused to share data, data provided by three of them were inappropriate and couldn’t be used. We finally analyzed data from four large public hospitals, one private trust hospital and one corporate laboratory for variable periods in a span of 15 years (2000 – 2015). Result: The Widal testing rate was found to be 8.7% and widal positivity as 12.5% in a sample of 1.2 million clinically suspected in-patients. In 15 years, the private hospital had admitted 1/10th as many cases as all the public hospitals together. However, the widal testing and positivity rates were similar in both. We observed a lower proportion of widal positivity among children below 12 years and a disproportionate, but insignificant, gender distribution of widal positivity. Conclusion: This study indicates that the widal test, which is meant to be an initial screening test, is widely used in the city. We propose linkage of testing and reporting of widal with other more reliable and accurate tests such as Typhidot and blood culture in order to strengthen our knowledge of enteric fever epidemiology in India.
On Application of Cointegration and Vector Error Correction Model to Macroeconomic Time Series Data

Investment in the stock market is long term in nature. Any development that could affect the stability of the economy u s ually has serious impact on the stock market performance. This research work examines the impact of some macroeconomic variables (Inflation, Interest and Exchange rates as well as Real Gross Domestic Product) on Nigerian stock market index. The methodologies used are cointegration and vector error correction model using annually data collected from Nigeria stock exchange fact book and Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin (2013). From the results obtained the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test reveals that all other macroeconomic indicators were stationary at the first order of difference except for SMI and RGDP that were stationary at the second order of difference, I(2). The Johansen co-integration test shows there are at least three co-integrated variables out of the five economic series considered in this study at 5% level of significance. The vector error correction models obtained generalised that there exists dynamic relationship between all the macro economic variables, but the four macroeconomic indicators jointly affect and influence the stock market index.The portmanteau test for residual autocorrelation in the VEC show no autocorrelation is left at lag(1) and VEC(1) is the better specification for analysing the interaction between stock market index and macroeconomic variables. In conclusion, government should implement policies that will reduce inflation rate and poverty level through infrastructural development and improved standard of living. Also, interest rates should be made moderate in order to encourage investment and transactions in stocks in the Nigerian Capital Market. The negative exchange rate shows that the Nigeria economy is readily open for international trade. And finally, the RGDP indicates positive impact with the stock market index. Keywords: Market Interaction, VEC, Cointegration and Macroeconomic variables.
Exploring the drivers behind automotive exports in OECD countries: An empirical analysis

The conceptual part of this paper ties the recently developed Lead Market concept to the international trade theory literature including neoclassical trade theory, new trade theory, neotechnological approaches and systems of innovation concepts. The empirical part explores the factors driving exports in the automotive sector in eight OECD countries between 1991 and 2008, explicitly accounting for possible Lead Market factors. Econometric results suggest that exports in the automotive sector are positively related to the general strength of a country in terms of exports, to higher GDP per capita and to a lower labour cost share in the automotive sector. However, domestic market size and R&D in the automotive sector do not exhibit statistically significant effects on exports.
On the Intermediary Function of Coping Styles: Between Self-Concept and Subjective Well Being of Adolescents of Han, Qiang and Yi Nationalities

In order to know the influence of adolescents’ self-concept on the subjective well being and the function of coping styles in them, the author adopted the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, Simplified Coping Style Scale and the Questionnaire on the Subjective Euphoria, and made a survey on six middle schools of Sichuan province and got back 867 valid answered questionnaires. The results show that 1) differences are obvious in self-concept, coping styles and subject well being among adolescents of Han, Qiang and Yi nationalities; 2) the positive self-concept exerts a notable positive influence on subjective well being, and the negative exerts a negative one; 3) the coping styles play an intermediary role in the influence of self-concept on the subjective well being. On the above basis, the author concludes that the self-concept exerts influence on the subjective well being directly as well as indirectly through the mediation of coping styles.
Investigation antibacterial activity of Streptomycetes isolates from soil samples, West of Iran.

In this research our goal is the determination of Streptomyces species with antimicrobial activity from some regions of northwest of Iran. The future studies will be performed to investigate the type of antimicrobial agents. In order to achieve to this aim, following the collection of the soil samples, the samples were diluted and cultured in SCA medium. The Actinomycetes were isolated considering morphological characteristics in macroscopic and microscopic levels and examined for the microbial activity. The antimicrobial positive bacteria were selected for further biochemical and molecular studies. Through the molecular studies, 16srDNA gene of the each bacterium was amplified and digested using TaqI endonuclease. The handling of RFLP pattern of 16srDNAs using Genedoc bioinformatics software determined the strains of the bacteria. As results of the study out of 150 isolatedActinomycete colonies, 12 different strains showed antimicrobial activity which 11 strain of them belonged to the Streptomycetes and were known as different strains of the Streptomyces genus. We identified 11 Streptomyces strains from mentioned regions of the northwest of Iran with high antimicrobial activity. To determine the antimicrobial agents further studies are needed. In this research we tried to study the ability of the production of anti-microbial agents by Streptomyces species from some regions of Northwest of Iran. Our results led to the 12 isolates with the different ability to produce antibiotics. Key words: Actinomycetes, antibiotics, antimicrobial activity, Iran, Streptomycetes.
Researching Hard-to Reach Populations: Privileged Access Interviewers and Drug Using Parents

Accessing drug using populations is notoriously fraught with difficulties for researchers (Gurdin & Patterson, 1987; Griffiths, Gosspo & Strang, 1993; Renzetti & Lee, 1993; Spreen & Zwaagstra, 1994; Goode, 2000; Elliott et al., 2002). These difficulties are the result of a number of reasons. The main one being that drug use is often illicit and/or illegal which often leads to the stigmatization of drug users within the media and elsewhere and this may ultimately lead to their lives being ‘concealed by a veil of ignorance’ (Elliott et al., 2002: 172). When one adds to this the fact that the population in question may have even more reason to remain hidden, for example, that they are drug using parents who may wish to conceal their identity as either parent or as drug user, accessing them may be even more complicated for researchers, service providers and policy makers alike.
Maternal and Foetal outcome in Cholestasis of Pregnancy

Background: Obstetric cholestasis has been associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery, intrapartum meconium, foetal distress and intrauterine foetal death. Objectives: To know the perinatal outcome of cholestasis in pregnancy. Materials & Methods: This is a hospital based Observational study conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital Kohalpur between August 2015 to January 2016.A total of 40 patients were included in the study with diagnosis of obstetric cholestasis. Data were recorded & analysed. Results: The study group of 40 mothers delivered 40 new born. Mean age group of women in the study was 24.9±5.5 years & 70% were primigravida. The mean gestational age at onset of pruritus was 30.33±4.24 weeks. The rate of caesarean section was 40%. Premature membrane rupture noted in 20% cases while 17.5% were postpartum haemorrhage. Regarding foetal outcome; meconium baby 32.5%, Intrapartum foetal distress 17.5%, preterm baby 10% while 37.5% were complication free. There was 2.5% of intrauterine foetal death, where pregnancy continued beyond 38 weeks. Thirteen new borns (32.5%) were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit. Conclusion: Cholestasis in pregnancy is high risk group with adverse perinatal outcomes.
Working in Harmony: The Impact of Personality on the Short- and Long-Run Dynamics of Team Cohesion

Team cohesion represents arguably the most studied team construct as it has been consistently shown to be associated with improved performance. However, although cohesion is now understood to be an emergent state—as it develops over a team’s life cycle—research has yet to uncover the dynamic nature of cohesion. The current study was designed to particularly test the impact of team personality composition both on the initial status of cohesion, and on changes in cohesion over time. 80 Newly formed teams performed a highly interdependent team task, and team cohesion was measured over six time points. Personality was measured prior to the task and calculated at the team level, as both an average and a variability score. After performing longitudinal hierarchical linear modeling, results indicated that team personality impacts cohesion differently at initial status and over time. In particular, higher team agreeableness predicted greater slopes of cohesion, but not initial cohesion levels. Also, higher extraversion predicted greater initial status of cohesion, but not greater slopes. These results present important boundary conditions for understanding the role of team personality composition on team cohesion.
Moderating Effects between Job Insecurity and Intention to Quit in Samples of Slovene and Austrian Workers

Abstract Job insecurity is a serious stressor in the work environment, with negative work-related outcomes. The effects of job insecurity strongly depend on the country’s economic condition. The present study investigated the relationship among job insecurity, job satisfaction, and the intention to quit as well as possible mediating variables (resources/recovery and stress). The samples of 251 Slovene and 219 Austrian workers were analyzed. The data indicated that job insecurity is related to higher stress and intention to quit as well as to lower resources/recovery at the workplace. Stress is an important mediator in the relationship between resources/recovery and job satisfaction as well as intention to quit. These relationships were found in both samples.
INFLUENCE OF PHYTOESTROGENS ON SKELETAL MUSCLE STRUCTURE

Constant increase of meat quantity along with ensuring its high quality are nowadays being the priority requirements of the market towards modern meat production. With selection and animal nutrition as the basic mechanisms regulating the quantity and quality of meat, in recent years more attention has been devoted to investigations of the effects of different chemical compounds on muscle tissue, while monitoring their potential negative effects on both animals and humans as the end consumers. A group of compounds that is being increasingly studied in the last years are phytoestrogens – substances of plant origin with chemical structure very similar to estrogen, capable of causing either estrogenic or antiestrogenic reactions in the organism. The most studied phytoestrogens are daidzein and genistein, and due to their ability to mimic estrogen in the body, they are thought to be able of influencing growth and carcass composition in farm animals. This paper gives an overview of the newer results on the effects of phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein on skeletal muscle tissue in farm animals.
Work and Pay in Japan: Recruitment, training, promotion and retirement

This book provides a comprehensive overview of Japanese labour market institutions and practices with respect to employment issues and labour payments. It contains extensive discussion of the effects of industrial relations, small business activity, business cycles and schooling on work and pay. An early chapter is devoted to presenting, in an accessible manner, essential labour market ideas and concepts that recur throughout the text. Important topics covered include (i) unions and wage determination, (ii) the breakdown of total labour costs, (iii) the Japanese bonus system, (iv) the employment life-cycle, (v) small businesses and subcontracting, (vi) pay and productivity over the business cycle. A key feature is that subject areas and themes are examined within a comparative United States/European framework. This allows assessments of whether or not the structure and performance of the Japanese labour market has differed from experience elsewhere.
Assessing Community Perception and Attitude towards Flooding in the Lower Benue River Basin, Nigeria

In the Lower Benue River Basin, the majority of the population derives their livelihood from subsistent farming and fishing. With climate change expected to result in increased flooding, the impacts on these poor rural farmers will be significant and since adaptation is not cheap, prioritizing responses by sectors becomes essential. Such an analysis can bring to the fore the sectors that are most affected and by implication sectors of importance to the community. Two communities: Wadata and Anyim were selected for survey. Health, housing, agriculture, economic activities, transportation and water are the sectors evaluated. Results reveal agriculture; housing; and economic activities as the worst affected sectors. In furtherance, we argue that prioritization of adaptation by sectors can provide immediate relief for victims. Vulnerability in the region is exacerbated by ‘late’ and ‘historic incorrect’ environmental change communication. Household insurance is non-existent and somewhat non-customary thus, financial adjustments are presumably made with household savings or assets disposal.
The Spatial Patterns of Networks, Hierarchies and Subsidiaries

This article reviews evidence and arguments linking the networking behaviour of firms with geographic distance, before examining the spatial relationships of electronics firms in the three major electronics centres in Spain. The focus is on the spatial pattern and extent of different types of inter-firm relations. Based on the analysis of 184 surveyed establishments, displaying different ownership and organization characteristics, the results show that while regional linkages are important, significant extra-regional linkages are also maintained by firms in regional clusters. The spatial extent of linkages depends on the mode of relations; arm's length, network and hierarchy relations show different spatial patterns, as do different types of cooperation. The importance of extra-regional linkages also varies with firm- and plant-specific characteristics. Extra-regional linkages are more common among larger and more R&D-intensive firms, firms with greater presence in the rest of the country and firms with more experience of cooperation and more stable relationships.
Individual Characteristics, Administration Preferences and Corruption: Evidence from Chinese Local Government Officials’ Work Experience

The Chinese corruption beyond the pressure-style fiscal decentralization system is largely dominated by the preferred duty performances decided by local political authorities. By designing a natural experiment about whether the officials leave their positions or not, the research combines the methods as difference-in-difference model and system generalized method of moments to explore the inter-correlation of the provincial party committee secretary’s individual character, administration preferences and local corruption level in 30 provinces from 2000-2013 in China. The results show us that the exchange in different places and cross appointment for provincial party committee secretaries will be able to strength the anti-corruption mechanism; meanwhile, the intellectual officers and young and middle-aged chief leaders are more likely to carry on the short- term encouraging policy. They are good at using their own employee experiences to encourage the officers from each level to form an “increasing-style promoting competition” order. The current Chinese anti-corruption strategy has obvious space-club effect and path dependence effect. In addition, the corruption attached to regional-scale can be gradually eliminated through the transfer of consumptive governmental expenses, fiscal decentralization reform, and continuous urbanization, enlarging the open areas. However, the lower corruption degree areas as west and middle areas may be trapped into another round of corruption as a result of the environment-sacrifice investment policies, which are caused by the employment expansion plan led by local leaders.
Gibt es geschlechtsspezifische neuropathologische Korrelate der Depression

Are There Gender-Specific Neuropathological Correlates of Depression? Many studies have shown subtle neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neuroendocrinological differences between male and female brains not only in neocortical regions relevant for various cognitive functions but also in limbic and hypothalamic areas, in which basic emotional and vegetative neuronal mechanisms are regulated. This leads to the assumption that the different clinical forms of depression in males and females could be caused – besides psychological
Institutions and Investors: The Politics of the Economic Crisis in Southeast Asia

I develop a systematic argument about the politics of the 1997–98 Asian economic crisis. I focus on institutions—specifically, the connection linking the institutional framework of national politics, the policy environment, and investment. I seek to resolve the tension between the literatures on credible policy commitment and policy flexibility, arguing that if either is severely undersupplied, the risk associated with the policy environment rises rapidly for investors. Building on a veto player framework, I develop a simple model of a U-shaped relationship between the number of veto players in a political system and policy risk to investors. Institutional vetoes on executive authority lower policy risk for investors but only up to a point, after which additional veto players promote unwelcome policy rigidity. I illustrate this using four cases: Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia, the four main Southeast Asian countries involved in the financial crisis. I argue that the institutional framework of national politics had a powerful and predictable influence on policy responses and investor reactions.
AN EXTENDED DELAY-RATIONAL MACROMODEL FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE ANALYSIS OF MIXED SIGNAL CIRCUITS

This paper presents an extended delay-rational macro- model for electromagnetic interference analysis of mixed signal circuits. Firstly, an S-parameter matrix based delay-rational macromodel of the associated microwave network or system is established. Then, we extend the macromodel to include the external electromagnetic inter- ference efiects. The forced waves induced by the excitation flelds are computed using full-wave method and treated as additional equivalent sources. Next, the macromodel is modifled to embed the additional sources at each corresponding port. Finally, the resulting macromodel is converted into equivalent circuit for circuit analysis with the cor- responding linear and non-linear port terminations. Several examples are computed by using the proposed method and the numerical results are compared with those obtained by 3-D FDTD method only. They are all in a good agreement that validate this method. With the rapidly increasing operating frequencies, circuit densities and complexity of electromagnetic environment, the external incident fleld or radiation e-ciency of conducting traces can seriously limit the overall performance of electronic system. If not considered during early design stages, the interference can cause logic glitches or distort an analog signal that makes it fail to meet the required speciflcations. So, accurate prediction of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) is important for validation of electronic systems. Various techniques have been proposed to analyze these EMI coupling problems. The flrst one is based on transmission line
Guidance of vortices and the vortex ratchet effect in high-T c superconducting thin films obtained by arrangement of antidots

Controlled trapping and guided motion of vortices via special arrangements of microholes, so-called antidots, in YBa2Cu3O7 films and devices is demonstrated. Resistive Hall-type measurements prove the presence of guided flux motion along rows of antidots. In contrast to conventional vortex motion due to vortex unpinning at currents exceeding the critical current, this motion is present down to zero current and low temperatures. It is characterized by a linear voltage–current dependence, i.e., Ohmic behavior. The latter is indicative for a novel mechanism of vortex propagation that is probably based upon flux nucleation within antidots due to the redistribution of screening currents and flux quantization. Together with trapping of vortices by isolated antidots this mechanism can be used for new devices concepts. As an example a vortex ratchet formed by a special arrangement of antidots is demonstrated.
How Informed Stock Trading Can Affect Labor Investment Efficiency

In this paper, we examine whether managers use information included in stock prices when making labor investment decisions. Specifically, we examine whether stock price informativeness affects labor investment efficiency. We find that a higher probability of informed trading (PIN) is associated with lower deviations of labor investment from the level justified by economic fundamentals i.e., higher labor investment efficiency. This finding is robust to using alternative proxies for stock price informativeness and labor investment efficiency, when we control for earnings quality and mispricing, and when we address endogeneity issues. Furthermore, we examine how the impact of stock price informativeness on labor investment efficiency depends on labor union and financial constraints. Particularly, we find stock price informativeness helps mitigating the adverse effects of labor union and financial constraints on labor investment, respectively. Collectively, our results highlight the importance of information included in stock prices for the investment in human capital.