Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid, has a very low physical dependence potential.

Using N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2, 4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide. HCl (SR 141716A), a cannabinoid antagonist, several investigators (deFonseca et al., 1997; Aceto et al., 1995, 1996; Tsou et al., 1995) demonstrated physical dependence on THC [Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol]. This demonstration prompted us to determine whether anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid agonist, would also produce physical dependence. A low-dose regimen (10, 20, 40 and 40) or a high-dose regimen (25, 50, 100 and 100) expressed as mg/kg/24 hr was infused i.p. on a continuous basis, from days 1 through 4, respectively. During the infusion, especially at the high-dose regimen, the rats became immobile and developed eyelid ptosis. Abrupt discontinuation of anandamide did not elicit rebound behavioral activity. Neither arachidonic acid, a precursor and metabolite of anandamide (50, 100, 200 and 200 mg/kg/24 hr on days 1 through 4, respectively), nor 2-Me-F-AN [2-methylarachidonyl-(2'-fluoroethyl)-amide], a metabolically stable analog of anandamide (5, 10, 20 and 20 mg/kg/24 hr for 4 days, respectively), had remarkable effects. Notably, groups pretreated with anandamide or 2-Me-F-AN and challenged with SR 141716A did not show significantly elevated behavioral scores when compared with SR 141716A controls. On the other hand, nearly all groups receiving SR 141716A showed significant activation of these behaviors compared with vehicle controls, which suggests that this cannabinoid antagonist itself was activating behavior. We concluded that anandamide has little if any capacity for physical dependence. The finding that SR 141716A activated behavior supports the hypothesis that the cannabimimetic system exerts a depressant effect in the CNS.
Rumours built on quicksand: evidence on the nature and impact of message board postings in modern equity markets

ABSTRACT It is argued that internet-based short-sellers take advantage of asymmetric information, publishing research online which often values shares in a target company at a large discount to their current price. The increasing popularity of online dissemination of information, coupled with evidence that individuals are prone to behave in a herd-like fashion suggests the potential for significant volatility in the share price of a company. In this paper, a dataset of 12,616 financial message board postings is employed to examine patterns in online activity following the publication of a research note targeting a specific firm by an internet-based short-seller. Identifiable trends in investor behaviour, indicative of community contagion, are shown with group sentiment shifting over time. The findings have implications for regulators’ attempts to adapt to an online environment in which information – and misinformation – can be rapidly incorporated into share prices.
Testing of bacteria isolated from HIV/AIDS patients in experimental models.

OBJECTIVES Bacteria purified from the intestinal tract of HIV/AIDS patients were tested for the capacity to be internalised by cells of the HL-60 cell line. Secondly, the bacteria have been applied to the rabbit's colon in order to test their pathogenic ability. RESULTS The ability of the bacteria to be internalised by HL-60 cells was found to be very expressive. For a more complex biological characterisation of internalised bacteria, these were applied in 6-day intervals per rectum to NZB x CA rabbits during 8 months. The administered bacteria were detected by dot blot hybridisation using HIV-1 PCR probes in the rabbits' intestinal tract after 2 months. No histological and pathological changes were recorded in the gastrointestinal epithelial cells of rabbits. CONCLUSIONS The applied bacteria of HIV/AIDS patients were not colonised in the rabbit's colon and disappeared after 2 months. Differences between HL-60 and rabbit model are discussed.
The Factors Affecting the Net Income of the Households for Mono Rice Production, Rice-Upland Crop and Rice-Aquaculture in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam

The study on the factors affecting the net income of the households for mono rice production, rice-upland crop and rice-aquaculture in the Mekong Delta was conducted in July, 2013 which aimed to (1) Assess the main resources of the households; (2) Analyze factors impacting the net income and (3) Propose solutions for improving the net income for rice production, rice-upland crop and rice-aquaculture of households in the Mekong Delta. The analysis method was based on the descriptive statistics, and the multiple linear regressions. The study results showed that: (1) The educational levels of the household heads were low; (2) The farmland was large with 1.95 hectare per household; (3) There are three groups of household having the main net income from agricultural production, and the second net income from the non-agricultural activity; (4) The net income of the mono rice production households was affected by the participation association of the household heads and the farmland area; (5) the net income of the rice-upland crop households was impacted by the family man-days and the production investment in materials; and (6) the net income of the riceaquacultural households was effected by the educationallevels, the family man-days and the farmland area. Based onthe study results, some solutions for improvement of the household net income were proposed
Exercise and Glucose Metabolism in Persons with Diabetes Mellitus: Perspectives on the Role for Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Exercise causes profound changes in glucose homeostasis. For people with type 1 diabetes, aerobic exercise usually causes blood glucose concentration to drop rapidly, while anaerobic exercise may cause it to rise, thereby making glycemic control challenging. Having the capacity to know their glucose levels and the direction of change during exercise increases self-efficacy in these persons who are prone to hypo- and hyperglycemia. For people with type 2 diabetes, learning first hand that regular exercise improves glucose levels may be a motivating factor in getting them to be more active. Continuous glucose monitoring is a potentially useful adjunct to diabetes management for the active person with either forms of diabetes. This review aims to guide the reader to use this technology to its maximum advantage by providing an overview of technical features, performance characteristics, and clinical utility, all balanced against the limitations that may be more prominent during physical activity.
Premarital screening programmes for haemoglobinopathies, HIV and hepatitis viruses: review and factors affecting their success

This literature review is a comprehensive summary of premarital (prenuptial) screening programmes for the most prevalent hereditary haemoglobinopathies, namely thalassaemia and sickle cell disease, and the important infections HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and hepatitis viruses B and C (HBV and HCV). It describes the background to premarital screening programmes and their value in countries where these diseases are endemic. The use of premarital screening worldwide is critically evaluated, including recent experiences in Saudi Arabia, followed by discussion of the outcomes of such programmes. Despite its many benefits, premarital testing is not acceptable in some communities for various legal and religious reasons, and other educational and cultural factors may prevent some married couples following the advice given by counsellors. The success of these programmes therefore depends on adequate religious support, government policy, education and counselling. In contrast to premarital screening for haemoglobinopathies, premarital screening for HIV and the hepatitis viruses is still highly controversial, both in terms of ethics and cost-effectiveness. In wealthy countries, premarital hepatitis and HIV testing could become mandatory if at-risk, high-prevalence populations are clearly identified and all ethical issues are adequately addressed.
Identification of Wilms' Tumor 1-associating Protein Complex and Its Role in Alternative Splicing and the Cell Cycle*

Background: WTAP is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein that is required for mammalian early embryo development and cell cycle progression. Results: WTAP forms a complex with several splicing regulators. Conclusion: WTAP regulates both the cell cycle and alternative splicing by the formation of a protein complex. Significance: Characterization of this protein complex will help to elucidate the critically important function of WTAP in alternative splicing and cell proliferation. Wilms' tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP) is a putative splicing regulator that is thought to be required for cell cycle progression through the stabilization of cyclin A2 mRNA and mammalian early embryo development. To further understand how WTAP acts in the context of the cellular machinery, we identified its interacting proteins in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and HeLa cells using shotgun proteomics. Here we show that WTAP forms a novel protein complex including Hakai, Virilizer homolog, KIAA0853, RBM15, the arginine/serine-rich domain-containing proteins BCLAF1 and THRAP3, and certain general splicing regulators, most of which have reported roles in post-transcriptional regulation. The depletion of these respective components of the complex resulted in reduced cell proliferation along with G2/M accumulation. Double knockdown of the serine/arginine-rich (SR)-like proteins BCLAF1 and THRAP3 by siRNA resulted in a decrease in the nuclear speckle localization of WTAP, whereas the nuclear speckles were intact. Furthermore, we found that the WTAP complex regulates alternative splicing of the WTAP pre-mRNA by promoting the production of a truncated isoform, leading to a change in WTAP protein expression. Collectively, these findings show that the WTAP complex is a novel component of the RNA processing machinery, implying an important role in both posttranscriptional control and cell cycle regulation.
Improved fuzzy controller design for battery energy management in a grid connected microgrid

An improvement of fuzzy logic controller strategy for a grid-tied domestic microgrid is presented. The fuzzy logic controller takes onto account the microgrid power flux trend in order to minimize the power profile exchanged with the main grid while preventing at the same time the battery life time against deep cycles of charging and discharging. As well as in previous work, the fuzzy logic controller is designed to minimize a set of quality indices. The benefits of the new approach are highlighted through numerical simulations using real generation and consumption measured data.
Web of Ties: The Effect of Relationship Ties on Government Funding for Nonprofit Organizations

OF DISSERTATION WEB OF TIES: THE EFFECT OF RELATIONSHIP TIES ON GOVERNMENT FUNDING FOR NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Chapter 1 raises the research question guiding this study. Do relationships that board members of nonprofits have to officials in other agencies affect the likelihood of acquiring grants? The objective of this study was to examine the role that relationship ties played in the nonprofit sector’s ability to receive grants. Chapter 2 ties the research agenda to existing research. Nonprofit organizational and financial behavior was explained in terms of resource dependence. Since nonprofit organizations face uncertainty in resource allocation, the behavior of the organization and the board members change in reaction to uncertainty. The relationships that board members possess serve as social capital for the nonprofit through a series of formal and informal ties. Chapter 3 provides a theoretical framework for measuring relationship ties as well as other variables to funding. Ties that were measured included previous work experience in government agencies, nonprofit agencies, for-profit organizations, and universities. Relationships ties also included previous appointment to a nonprofit board and membership in professional associations. Additional variables such as financial and organizational measures were considered that had an effect on funding likelihood. Expected funding then became a function of all of these variables. This framework led to the hypothesis that nonprofits with a greater number of relationship ties, controlling for appropriate variables, will receive more funds from a government agency. Chapter 4 describes the methods used. The sample of organizations included 176 nonprofit community healthcare organizations over the span of five fiscal years. Board member names, financial and organizational data, and relationship ties were collected as they were expected to affect funding outcomes. Information on relationships was obtained from three sources: LinkedIn profiles, Who’s Who profiles, and agency websites. Financial and organizational variables were obtained from nonprofit organizations’ 990 tax forms. Chapter 5 details the analyses and the results from the collected data. Conducted analyses included a series of multiple regressions, a probit regression, and fixed-effects and between-effects panel data regression models. The findings partially supported the hypothesis. While there were some relationship ties that were correlated to anticipated funding, the effects were small across analyses. Financial and organizational variables overshadowed the effects of relationship ties. There was evidence of mediation in that a number of variables were significant only if board members were in an organization receiving funds prior to the examined time period. Ties to other nonprofits mattered only when an agency already had funding. Chapter 6 concludes with possible explanations, policy implications, and further directions.
Expression of BAFF‐R and TACI in reactive lymphoid tissues and B‐cell lymphomas

Aims: The receptor for B‐cell‐activating factor belonging to the tumour necrosis factor family (BAFF‐R) and transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) have been established as binding molecules to BAFF. The aim of this study was to determine the pathological diagnostic roles and clinical significance of these BAFF‐binding receptors in B‐cell neoplasms.
Systolic blood pressure response to exercise testing is related to the risk of acute myocardial infarction in middle-aged men

Background We assessed the association of systolic blood pressure response to exercise with the risk of an acute myocardial infarction. Design We conducted a population-based follow-up study. Methods This study was based on 1731 middle-aged men without history of coronary heart disease who underwent a cycle ergometer exercise test. Systolic blood pressure was measured every 2 min during a cycle ergometer exercise test in 1731 men followed for 12.7 years on average. A total of 188 acute myocardial infarctions were observed. Results The total change in systolic blood pressure, the slope of the rise in systolic blood pressure per minute and maximal systolic blood pressure during exercise in quintiles were related to the risk of acute myocardial infarction. Maximal systolic blood pressure of over 230 mmHg was associated with a 2.47 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46-4.18] fold risk of acute myocardial infarction, after adjustment for age, other risk factors including the use of antihypertensive medications and systolic blood pressure at rest. Among men with elevated systolic blood pressure at rest, the relative risk for an acute myocardial infarction was 4.31 (95% CI 2.04-9.07) times higher for those who had a steep slope of systolic blood pressure rise (>9.4 mmHg per min of exercise) as compared with those who had a more gradual rise in systolic blood pressure. Conclusions Both rate and levels of rise in systolic blood pressure during a progressive exercise test were risk predictors for acute myocardial infarction. These measurements provide an incremental predictive value for an acute myocardial infarction to elevated resting systolic blood pressure, emphasizing the importance of regular blood pressure measurements during exercise testing. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 13:421-428 © 2006 The European Society of Cardiology
All chronic rejection failures of kidney transplants were preceded by the development of HLA antibodies

Background. Recent studies show that almost all patients who have rejected a kidney transplant had human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies. In this study, we sought to determine whether patients develop HLA antibodies before chronic rejection. Methods. For the past 8 years, 139 patients who had undergone kidney transplantation were systematically examined, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay–based method, for the development of class-I and class-II HLA antibodies 3 months, 6 months, and yearly after transplantation. Chronic rejection was diagnosed by biopsy. Results. Among 29 patients with chronic rejection, 100% of the patients had HLA antibodies before rejection. Of these patients, 14 patients developed antibodies de novo. In contrast, among 110 patients with stable function, 27% of the patients developed HLA antibodies posttransplant (P <0.001). Conclusions. HLA antibodies were found in 29 consecutive cases of chronic rejection failures as much as one year before the loss of grafts. We conclude that HLA antibodies may be a prerequisite for chronic immunologic rejection.
Perception of Lung Cancer among the General Population and Comparison with Other Cancers

Introduction: To evaluate the perception of lung cancer in the general population to identify obstacles in patient–doctor communications. Methods: A prospective nationwide survey was conducted using a questionnaire and lexical approaches given to 2200 healthy subjects selected within a representative polling database. Results: Of the 1469 subjects eligible for full analysis, most were well informed regarding the epidemiological changes to lung cancer and the main risk factors. The overall survival of patients with lung cancer (32%) was overestimated, and the survival of patients with early stages of lung cancer was underestimated (52%). Lung cancer was identified as a severe disease (82%) with a worse prognosis than other cancers. Most of the population was aware of the main treatments available, except for targeted therapy. Using lexical analyses, we observed that a major proportion considered lung cancer to be a tobacco-induced, life-threatening disease that involved major treatment, and a minor proportion considered it to be an environmentally induced disease. Compared with breast cancer, lung cancer was characterized by a greater feeling of guilt and was more frequently associated with lifestyle. Conclusions: We have identified knowledge gaps in the perception of lung cancer and have highlighted a need for a public information campaign on lung-cancer screening to promote the good survival rate from early-stage disease and the progress achieved with new therapeutic strategies.
Social-Cognitive Career Model for Social Studies Teacher Candidates’ Leadership in Educational Technology

In today’s knowledge society, constant changes and developments in the information and communication technologies has affected all areas as well as educational systems. In order to comply with these changes and developments, teachers need to develop a proficiency in using the technology in a sufficient manner. Although the number of research studies were done on this proficiency of the social studies' teacher candidates is not sufficient, but the results of these studies are quite satisfactory. In the study, it was aimed to contribute to the literature, the attitudes of the social studies' teacher candidates have been studied according to the model of ‘’Social-Cognitive Career Theory’’ (SCCT); the candidates have also been evaluated in terms of self-sufficiency, interests, intentions, and result expectations—the four important attributes of SCCT. A five-point Likert scale, adapted from a Turkish study by Sahin (2009), used in this research. Among the results, significant relationships were observed between the self-sufficiency, interests, intentions, and result expectations of the social studies' teacher candidates with regard to technology.
Prevalence and MRI-anatomic correlation of bone cysts in osteoarthritic knees.

OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of cysts in the weight-bearing areas and interspinous bone cysts in tibial plateau specimens derived from knees with advanced osteoarthritis, to perform MRI-anatomic correlation of these cysts, and to define their histologic characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two tibial plateau specimens were recovered from patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery for severe osteoarthritis (14 men and 28 women; mean age, 74 years; age range, 58-87 years). The tibial specimens underwent MRI with T1- and T2-weighted MR sequences. No radiographic data were available before MRI. Tibial specimens were sectioned using a high-speed rotating diamond disk into 3-mm-thick slices. MR images and anatomic specimens were analyzed for the presence of cysts in the interspinous and weight-bearing areas. Histologic staining methods included routine Harris hematoxylin stain, trichrome stain, and Alcian blue-PAS stain. RESULTS Twenty-three (54%) of 42 specimens contained one or more cystic areas, with a total of 30 cystic areas. The cysts were distributed in the weight-bearing area (14/30) and interspinous area (16/30). All cysts seen on the anatomic slices could also be depicted on both MRI sequences. Histologic findings were identical for all noncommunicating cysts and revealed necrotic bone fragments with dead denuclearized cells. The cavities were surrounded by a layer of fibrous connective tissue containing adipocytes and osteoblasts. No evidence of epithelial components was found in the lining of the cavities. CONCLUSION Interspinous and weight-bearing tibial cysts are common in severe knee osteoarthritis. The cysts contain necrotic bone fragments and are lined by a nonepithelial fibrous wall. Our findings support the hypothesis that interspinous cysts could result from repetitive bone stresses through the cruciate ligaments. Our findings do not support the use of the term "herniation cyst. "
Negative Correlation between Circulating CD4+FOXP3+CD127− Regulatory T Cells and Subsequent Antibody Responses to Infant Measles Vaccine but Not Diphtheria–Tetanus–Pertussis Vaccine Implies a Regulatory Role

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key homeostatic role by suppressing immune responses. They have been targeted in mouse and human cancer studies to improve vaccine immunogenicity and tumor clearance. A number of commercially available drugs and experimental vaccine adjuvants have been shown to target Tregs. Infants have high numbers of Tregs and often have poor responses to vaccination, yet the role Tregs play in controlling vaccine immunogenicity has not been explored in this age group. Herein, we explore the role of CD4+FOXP3+CD127− Tregs in controlling immunity in infant males and females to vaccination with diphtheria–tetanus–whole cell pertussis (DTP) and/or measles vaccine (MV). We find correlative evidence that circulating Tregs at the time of vaccination suppress antibody responses to MV but not DTP; and Tregs 4 weeks after DTP vaccination may suppress vaccine-specific cellular immunity. This opens the exciting possibility that Tregs may provide a future target for improved vaccine responses in early life, including reducing the number of doses of vaccine required. Such an approach would need to be safe and the benefits outweigh the risks, thus further research in this area is required.