Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unexpected regulation pattern of the IKKβ/NF‐κB/MuRF1 pathway with remarkable muscle plasticity in the Daurian ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus)

As a typical hibernator, the Daurian ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus) spends considerable time in a state of reduced activity with prolonged fasting. Despite this, they experience little muscle atrophy and have thus become an interesting anti‐disuse muscle atrophy model. The IKKβ/NF‐κB signaling pathway is significant to muscle atrophy due to the protein degradation resulting from the upregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MuRF1. The current study showed that the IKKβ/NF‐κB signaling pathway and MuRF1 maintained relatively steady mRNA and protein expression levels, with little muscle atrophy observed in the soleus (slow‐twitch, SOL) or extensor digitorum longus (fast‐twitch, EDL) during hibernation (HIB); however, mRNA expression significantly increased in the SOL and EDL muscle during interbout arousal (IBA), as did the MuRF1 mRNA level in the SOL and MuRF1 protein level in the EDL. Interestingly, the expressions of p50 and MuRF1 significantly increased during HIB in the gastrocnemius (mixed muscle, GAS) and showed moderate atrophy, but dramatically decreased during IBA. Elevated IKKβ and p50 mRNA and protein expression in the cardiac muscle (CM) during HIB did not accompany increased MuRF1 expression or muscle wasting. Importantly, almost all increased or decreased indicators in the tested tissues recovered to pre‐hibernation levels after HIB. This is the first study to report on the unexpected regulation of the IKKβ/NF‐κB/MuRF1 pathway with remarkable muscle plasticity in Daurian ground squirrels during hibernation. Furthermore, we found that different types of muscles exhibited different strategies to cope with prolonged hibernation‐induced disuse muscle atrophy.
COEUS 2.0: automated platform to integrate and publish biomedical data as nanopublications

Publishing, analysing or properly accessing the abundant information resulting largely from experimental studies in the biomedical domain are current challenges for the research community. Problems with the extraction of relevant information, redundant data, and lack of associations or provenance are good examples of the main concerns. The innovative nanopublication publishing strategy tries to overcome these issues by representing the essential pieces of publishable information on the Semantic Web. However, existing methods to create these Resource Description Framework-based data snippets are based on complex scripting procedures, hindering their use by the community. Therefore, novel and automated strategies are needed to explore the evident value of nanopublications and to enable data attribution mechanisms, an important feature for data owners. To solve these challenges, the authors introduce the second generation of the COEUS open-source application framework (http://bioinformatics.ua.pt/coeus/), an automated platform to integrate heterogeneous scientific outcomes into nanopublications. This results in seamless integration, making data accessible and citable at the same time. No additional scripting methods are needed. A validation of a nanopublishing pipeline is described to demonstrate the system functionalities, integrating and publishing common biomedical achievements into the Semantic Web ecosystem.
Glucose Tolerance is Linked to Postprandial Fuel Use Independent of Exercise Dose

Purpose The optimal short-term exercise dose to improve glucose tolerance in relation to metabolic flexibility and/or insulin resistance is unknown. Therefore, we tested if short-term, work-matched continuous (CONT) versus interval (INT) exercise training improves glucose tolerance in part by reducing insulin resistance and increasing metabolic flexibility independent of clinically meaningful fat loss in adults with prediabetes. Methods Subjects (age = 60.9 ± 1.4 yr, body mass index = 33.5 ± 1.1 kg·m−2) were screened for prediabetes using the American Diabetes Association criteria (75 g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] and/or HbA1c) and were randomized to 60 min·d−1 of supervised CONT (n = 17, 70% HRpeak) or work-matched INT (n = 14; 90% HRpeak for 3 min and 50% HRpeak for 3 min) exercise for 12 bouts. Fitness (V˙O2peak) and body composition were assessed pre- and postintervention. A 180-min 75-g OGTT was performed, and glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids were collected to calculate glucose tolerance (tAUC180min) and whole-body as well as adipose tissue insulin resistance pre- and postintervention. RER (indirect calorimetry) was also measured at 0, 60, 120, and 180 min of the OGTT to assess fasting and postprandial metabolic flexibility. Results CONT and INT training improved V˙O2peak (L·min−1; P = 0.001) and glucose tolerance (P = 0.01) and reduced fasting RER (P = 0.006), as well as whole-body and adipose insulin resistance (both P = 0.02) with no effect on body fat (P = 0.18). Increased postprandial RER was correlated with reduced glucose tAUC180min (r = −0.38, P = 0.05) and increased 180-min RER related to decreased whole-body insulin resistance (r = −0.42, P = 0.03). Conclusion Independent of exercise dose and fat loss, short-term training improves glucose tolerance in relation to enhanced postprandial fuel use.
Prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis and Pattern of Drug Therapy in Malaysian Children

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing, noncontagious skin inflammation characterized by dry skin and itch. Mutation in filaggrin gene leads to defective skin barrier, allowing entry of allergen and eliciting immunological response. Objectives The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of AD in Malaysian children and to understand the pattern of drug therapy. Such information could be useful to establish the relationship between ethnicity and family history of atopy and the development of associated signs and symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among children attending kindergartens and nurseries. Standardized questionnaires were filled out by parents. Results Overall prevalence of AD was 13.4%. Of 384 participants recruited, the highest prevalence was observed in males, Malays, participants younger than 2 years, and those with atopic background such as asthma, hay fever, and family history of atopic diseases. Calamine and white soft paraffin were the preferred choice of nonprescription drugs, whereas topical hydrocortisone seemed to be the preferred choice of prescription drug in the management of AD. Conclusions The overall prevalence is comparable to that reported in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase One. There is an association between ethnicity and AD prevalence. Topical corticosteroids and emollients are the mainstay of AD management among Malaysians.
Radiology Callbacks to a Pediatric Emergency Department and Their Clinical Impact

Background Clinical impact of radiology callbacks (missed initial radiologic diagnosis) remains largely unknown in the pediatric emergency department (PED). Objective The aim of this study was to describe the incidence, nature of radiology callbacks, and the impact on clinical care during the return visit (RV). Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of quality assurance database of RVs for radiology callbacks to our PED over a 1-year period. Results Return visit rate to our PED was 3% (2765/92,000) of which 1.9% (55/2765) was for radiology callbacks. Radiology misses involved mostly x-ray interpretations (92.7%), occurred after-hours (83.6%), with fractures being the most common missed finding. Majority of patients (94.5%) required 1 or more interventions during the RV; 34.5% of radiology callbacks had a major impact on clinical management; 27.2% of radiology callbacks were false-positive. Conclusions Although RVs secondary to radiology callback remain low, one third of them resulted in major changes in diagnosis, treatment, or disposition and impacted patient outcome.
Computational optimization of graft tension in simulated superior capsule reconstructions

Superior capsular reconstruction has received increased attention as a surgical technique to address massive “irreparable” rotator cuff tears; however, the functional limitations and surgical techniques associated with this repair have yet to be sufficiently explored. The goal of this study was to utilize a multidisciplinary approach to characterize the biomechanics of this repair by: (i) identifying activities of daily living that may overburden the graft; and (ii) optimizing surgical techniques used during implantation. This experiment was completed in three phases. First, graft failure mechanics were characterized by performing an in vitro experiment. Second, in vivo shoulder kinematics associated with various activities were recorded with 3‐D motion capture techniques. Finally, an in silico model was used to assess graft strains. Results show that motions involving posterior shoulder rotation, such as back washing, lead to graft strains that may cause failure. Output from the optimization suggests that orienting the humerus in approximately 25° abduction, and 20° internal rotation during implantation will result in optimal graft performance. Clinical Significance: The novel paradigm used in this study demonstrates the utility of coupling in vitro, in vivo, and in silico modeling techniques in one cohesive experiment. This paradigm presents an additional tool, aside from clinical studies and cadaveric experimentation, to better predict and understand the strengths and limitations of superior capsular reconstruction. This approach has potential to be translated to other soft tissue repairs and may provide valuable information to clinicians and rehabilitative specialists to manage patient expectations and guide rehabilitation. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2789–2796, 2018.
A Longitudinal Analysis of the Intergenerational Transmission of Health Inequality

Objectives Empirical investigations of cumulative dis/advantage typically treat health inequality as an intraindividual process rooted in early-life conditions and operating within the span of the individual life course, while literature on processes of intergenerational transmission has historically focused on socioeconomic mobility, largely overlooking health. The current study examines the persistence of work disability across generations and multiple explanations for this relationship, including the role of early-life disadvantage, childhood health, educational attainment, and social mobility. Methods We model latent classes of midlife work disability characterized by timing and stability using longitudinal data from the intergenerational component of the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics (N = 3,328). Latent class analysis captures the initial risk of experiencing a work disability and how this risk changes across mid-life as a function of early-life conditions, childhood health, educational attainment, mobility, and parent's work disability. Results Early disadvantage, childhood health, and educational attainment were associated with patterns of midlife work disability, and although upward mobility provided some protection, intergenerational continuity in health remained net of all of these factors. Discussion Findings support the importance of looking beyond the individual life course to the transmission of health inequality across generations within families.
Validity Evidences for the Portuguese Version of the Problem Behavior Scale: Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales-2

The early identification of problem behaviors is essential in preschool. This paper presents evidence of validity (confirmatory factor analysis) for the Problem Behavior scale of the Portuguese version of the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales - Second Edition (PKBS-2). Analyses were performed for the scale's 46 items, which were grouped into 16 item-parcels. Once it was verified that the model fit the total sample (N = 2000; CFI = .98; RMSEA = .06), analyses were replicated for the samples collected at home and at school (n = 1000 per setting). Results indicate a factor structure equivalent to the original version, with five supplemental subscales, distributed into two subscales (Externalizing and Internalizing), stable for the two subsamples, with high internal consistency levels (α = .78-.97). The discussion highlights the utility/validity of the Portuguese version of the Problem Behavior scale among preschoolers.
An Integrated Environment for Learning Design

This work has been partially funded by the EC, EACEA, METIS Project 531262-LLP-2012-ES-KA3-KA3MP, with additional support by TIN2014-53199-C3-3-R, TIN2017-85179-C3-3-R, MDM-2015-0502, RecerCaixa CoT, TIN2014-53199-C3-2-R, TIN2017-85179-C3-2-R, VA082U16 and a Marie Curie Fellowship (MIOCTI, FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF project no. 327384).
Immunomodulatory Function of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells during B Cell-Mediated Immune Responses

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play roles in immune regulation during neoplastic and non-neoplastic inflammatory responses. This immune regulatory function is directed mainly toward T cells. However, MDSCs also regulate other cell populations, including B cells, during inflammatory responses. Indeed, B cells are essential for antibody-mediated immune responses. MDSCs regulate B cell immune responses directly via expression of effector molecules and indirectly by controlling other immune regulatory cells. B cell-mediated immune responses are a major component of the overall immune response; thus, MDSCs play a prominent role in their regulation. Here, we review the current knowledge about MDSC-mediated regulation of B cell responses.
Relational Embeddedness and Firm Growth: Comparing Spousal and Sibling Entrepreneurs

Integrating relational embeddedness arguments with Penrosean growth theory, we compare the growth of firms run by spousal entrepreneurs with firms run by sibling entrepreneurs. We theorize that trust, identification, and mutual obligations—the three facets of relational embeddedness—are more pronounced in spousal teams than in sibling teams, which provides spousal teams with advantages over sibling teams in generating firm growth. Probing a sample of all private firms in Sweden over a three-year period, we find support for this conjecture. Exploring boundary conditions to this baseline relationship, we also find that firm age weakens the growth advantages of spousal teams over sibling teams and that industry experience heterogeneity within the entrepreneurial team reinforces these growth advantages. These results provide important contributions for research on firm growth, the social embeddedness of firms, entrepreneurship, and family business.
Analysis of breast lesions on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images using high-dimensional texture features

Haralick texture features derived from gray-level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM) were used to classify the character of suspicious breast lesions as benign or malignant on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI studies. Lesions were identified and annotated by an experienced radiologist on 54 MRI exams of female patients where histopathological reports were available prior to this investigation. GLCMs were then extracted from these 2D regions of interest (ROI) for four principal directions (0°, 45°, 90° & 135°) and used to compute Haralick texture features. A fuzzy k-nearest neighbor (k- NN) classifier was optimized in ten-fold cross-validation for each texture feature and the classification performance was calculated on an independent test set as a function of area under the ROC curve. The lesion ROIs were characterized by texture feature vectors containing the Haralick feature values computed from each directional-GLCM; and the classifier results obtained were compared to a previously used approach where the directional-GLCMs were summed to a nondirectional GLCM which could further yield a set of texture feature values. The impact of varying the inter-pixel distance while generating the GLCMs on the classifier's performance was also investigated. Classifier's AUC was found to significantly increase when the high-dimensional texture feature vector approach was pursued, and when features derived from GLCMs generated using different inter-pixel distances were incorporated into the classification task. These results indicate that lesion character classification accuracy could be improved by retaining the texture features derived from the different directional GLCMs rather than combining these to yield a set of scalar feature values instead.
Associations Among Nursing Work Environment and Health‐Promoting Behaviors of Nurses and Nursing Performance Quality: A Multilevel Modeling Approach

PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the relationships among the unit-level nursing work environment and individual-level health-promoting behaviors of hospital nurses in South Korea and their perceived nursing performance quality. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires from 432 nurses in 57 units at five hospitals in South Korea. Nursing performance quality, nursing work environment, and health-promoting behaviors were measured using the Six Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance, Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II, respectively. RESULTS Nurses working in units with nurse managers who were characterized by better ability and by quality leadership, and who provided more support to nurses exhibited significantly greater health responsibility and physical activity. Nurses working with sufficient staffing and resources reported better stress management. Positive collegial nurse-physician relationships in units were significantly associated with more healthy eating among nurses. Nurses working in units with sufficient staffing and resources, and who had a higher level of spiritual growth and health responsibility, were more likely to perceive their nursing performance quality as being higher. CONCLUSIONS To improve the quality of nursing practice, hospitals should focus on helping nurses maintain healthy lifestyles, as well as improving their working conditions in South Korea. Organizational support for adequate human resources and materials, mutual cooperation among nurses and physicians, and workplace health-promotion interventions for spiritual growth and health responsibility are needed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Organizational efforts to provide sufficient staffing and resources, boost the development of personal resources among nurses, and promote nurses' responsibility for their own health could be effective strategies for improving nursing performance quality and patient outcomes.
Surrogates' experiences of engaging in Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment discussions for persons with advanced dementia

Background and purpose: Little is known about surrogates' experiences of engaging in Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) discussions. This study describes family surrogates' experiences when engaging in POLST discussions with primary care providers. Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 family surrogates of individuals with advanced dementia who were enrolled in a Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly or resided in a nursing home. Interviews were analyzed using directed content analysis based on the conceptual model of communication and surrogate decision making by Torke et al. Results and conclusion: Surrogates reported that clear explanations of clinical information and the opportunity to ask questions and reiterate what they heard were helpful in making treatment decisions. Moreover, surrogates reported feeling respected and understood when providers expressed concern for them or their family member with advanced dementia and asked them about their emotional responses to decision making. Although nine surrogates reported very positive communication with providers, one surrogate expressed discomfort with the interaction and described feeling pressured to make health care decisions. Implications for practice: With effective communication, family surrogates feel emotionally supported during communication and decision-making processes. Providers are encouraged to focus on developing expert communication skills for end-of-life care discussions.
Impact of Infant Supraglottoplasty on Quality of Life

Objectives The objective of the present study is to examine the impact of supraglottoplasty on the quality of life (QOL) of caregivers and infants with severe laryngomalacia and moderate laryngomalacia with feeding difficulties. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary children’s hospital. Subjects and Methods Thirty-nine infants who underwent supraglottoplasty were examined. The primary caregiver answered the 47-item short form of the Infant and Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire–47 pre- and postoperatively; the subsection scores were compared. A 1-way analysis of variance was performed to analyze the effect of age and sex. A comparison was made between our cohort and a general population of healthy children. Results The average age at surgery was 4.0 months, and 53% of the patients were male. There was significant postoperative improvement in overall health, physical ability, growth and development, bodily pain, temperament, emotional impact on the caregiver, impact on caregiver’s time, and family cohesion scores (P < .05). The same subscale scores remained significantly improved postoperatively after age and sex were controlled. Preoperative QOL scores were significantly worse than those of the general population in nearly all categories. Postoperative physical ability (P = .009) and temperament (P = .011) QOL scores were higher than the those of the general population. Scores for growth and development (P = .132), bodily pain (P = .481), and family cohesion (P = .717) were equivalent to those of the general population. Conclusion QOL was significantly improved after supraglottoplasty for infants with severe laryngomalacia and moderate laryngomalacia with feeding difficulties. After supraglottoplasty, QOL was similar to that of the general infant population in most categories.