Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Job Satisfaction's Influencing Factors: A Comparative Research between Standard Employing and Nonstandard Employing Knowledge Workers

Recent years, nonstandard employment has been coming an important method for organization to increase its flexible ability. Especial the nonstandard employing knowledge workers (NSE KWs) have been the vital part of organization’s core competition. NSE KWs have different natures and working context comparing with standard employing knowledge workers (SE KWs), so there are different factors to influence their job satisfaction (JS). However there is little research on this topic. This research investigates main influencing factors of JS of NSE KWs, and compare the influencing factors’ difference between NSE and SE KWs
The Generation of a Biodiversity Hotspot: Biogeography and Phylogeography of the Western Indian Ocean Islands

The importance of islands in revealing evolutionary processes was highlighted already at the birth of evolutionary biology as a science (Darwin 1859; Darwin and Wallace 1858). Since the thrilling discoveries revealed by Darwin’s work on the Galapagos (Darwin 1909) and Wallace’s work in the Malay (Indonesian) archipelago (Wallace 1876), island biogeography has experienced an explosive growth. The discipline has provided many elegant examples of the evolutionary mechanisms involved in generating biodiversity, especially the interplay of geological processes and colonization and isolation (Emerson 2008; Gillespie, Claridge, and Goodacre 2008; Parent, Caccone, and Petren 2008; Ricklefs and Bermingham 2008). Islands have provided particularly strong insights into adaptive radiations (Camacho-Garcia and Gosliner 2008; Blackledge and Gillespie 2004; Cowie and Holland 2008; Gillespie and Roderick 2002; Losos and DeQueiroz 1997; Schluter 2000), the processes of colonization and extinction (Ricklefs and Bermingham 2008; Goldberg, Lancaster, and Ree 2011), the formation of species (Emerson 2008; Pickford et al. 2008; Gillespie and Roderick 2002; Schluter and Nagel 1995; Vences et al. 2009), and convergent evolution and formation of ecomorphs (Bossuyt and Milinkovitch 2000; Gillespie 2004, 2005; Losos 1988; Wildman et al. 2007; Burridge 2000; Rothe et al. 2011). Naturally, islands have also played a key role in revealing the causes and consequences of long distance dispersal, in particular, the ecological and evolutionary consequences of varying dispersal propensities of different lineages, and the evolutionary changes in dispersal propensity, such as the loss of dispersal ability following island colonization (Cowie and Holland 2006, 2008; Hedges and Heinicke 2007; Holland and Cowie 2006; Byrne et al. 2011; Bell et al. 2005; Darwin 1909; Clark 1994; Gillespie et al. 2012).
Schistosoma mansoni in Macaca mulatta. Long-term studies on the course of primary and challenge infections.

Summary Nineteen experimental monkeys were subjected to five basic regimens of cercarial exposure. Fundamentally different patterns of egg excretion were noted for the heavy and light infections. Although 12 of the animals were passing eggs at the time of the final challenge, previous challenges had indicated that all the animals were highly resistant to superinfection. At necropsy, 755 to 3,082 days after the initial exposure to cercariae, adult worms were found in only nine animals. The most interesting observations from challenges in monkeys with highly developed, acquired resistance to S. mansoni included the following: 1) there was considerable individual variation in host response; 2) a great many cercariae penetrated the skin; 3) the migration of the schistosomules was greatly retarded but 10% of them reached the liver; 4) the development of these worms was also delayed, and they did not reach maturity; 5) the number of young worms began to decline between 55 and 65 days after challenge, at the time the control animals died; and 6) the worms from the last exposure to cercariae had disappeared in all animals examined 97 or more days after challenge.
Droop Control of Converter-Interfaced Microsources in Rural Distributed Generation

This paper proposes new droop control methods for load sharing in a rural area with distributed generation. Highly resistive lines, typical of rural low voltage networks, always create a big challenge for conventional droop control. To overcome the conflict between higher feedback gain for better power sharing and system stability in angle droop, two control methods have been proposed. The first method considers no communication among the distributed generators (DGs) and regulates the converter output voltage and angle ensuring proper sharing of load in a system having strong coupling between real and reactive power due to high line resistance. The second method, based on a smattering of communication, modifies the reference output voltage angle of the DGs depending on the active and reactive power flow in the lines connected to point of common coupling (PCC). It is shown that with the second proposed control method, an economical and minimum communication system can achieve significant improvement in load sharing. The difference in error margin between proposed control schemes and a more costly high bandwidth communication system is small and the later may not be justified considering the increase in cost. The proposed control shows stable operation of the system for a range of operating conditions while ensuring satisfactory load sharing.
Psychosocial outcomes of bone marrow transplant for individuals affected by Mucopolysaccharidosis I Hurler Disease: patient social competency.

AIM To explore the frequency with which children and young people participate in social activities with peers, when they are affected by Mucopolysaccharidosis I Hurler Disease (MPS IH) post bone marrow transplant (BMT). This was investigated in relation to patient age, and in comparison with a normative sample. Patient withdrawal, adaptive and social skills are also described in terms of patient age and in comparison with a normative sample. METHOD Forty-four individuals affected by MPS IH post BMT participated in this investigation. Their ages ranged from 16 months to 25 years. Semi-structured interviews with patients' mothers were utilized, which included the Behaviour Assessment System for Children and a socialization questionnaire. Normative data for the socialization questionnaire were collected from 46 mothers of children not affected by chronic illness or disability. RESULTS A one-way ANOVA revealed that children not affected by disability or chronic illness (mean = 20.63) participated overall in social activities more frequently than children aged under 12 years (mean = 14.87) and over 12 years (mean = 13.25) who were affected by MPS IH post BMT (F = 21.01, P < 0.001). Young people aged 12 years and over affected by this condition were found to participate in social activities the least. A pattern also emerged, which indicated greater withdrawal and less well-developed adaptive and social skills for MPS IH patients aged 2.5-5 years and 12 years and over, but scores were within the normal range for those aged 6-11 years. CONCLUSION These data illustrate a lack of social competency and a tendency towards inhibition and withdrawal in this patient group, particularly among the very young children and the adolescents and young adults. Further research is needed to explore these issues longitudinally and to examine the role played by the family, and indeed disability, in the quality and quantity of social interaction experienced by these individuals.
ENHANCE: Results of a global open-label trial of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in children with severe sepsis*

Objective: To gather additional 28-day all-cause mortality data and safety information for pediatric patients with severe sepsis who received drotrecogin alfa (activated) (DrotAA). Design and Setting: Single-arm, open-label, multicentered study conducted in 59 study sites in 15 countries. Patients: One-hundred eighty-eight children (term newborn to <18 yrs old) with severe sepsis were consecutively enrolled in the study. Intervention: Administration of DrotAA, 24 &mgr;g/kg/hr for 96 hrs. Main Outcome Measures: Four-day and 28-day all-cause mortality, safety information, and protein C levels. Results: One-hundred eighty-seven patients completed the study. The 4-day mortality rate was 7.0%, and the 28-day mortality rate was 13.4%. At baseline, 57.6% of patients were severely deficient in protein C (a level ≤40% of normal). There was a statistically significant association between increased 28-day mortality and decreased end-of-infusion protein C levels (p < .001), greater number of baseline organ dysfunctions (p < .001), and greater baseline ventilator use (p = .03). Bleeding was the most significant complication observed. Serious bleeding events (including anemia without a bleeding source) were experienced by 27.7% of patients (n = 52). Six of the serious bleeding events (3.2%) were considered related to administration of DrotAA. During infusion, serious bleeding events with an identified source of bleeding were experienced by 5.9% of patients (n = 11). Central nervous system bleeding was experienced by 2.7% (n = 5). Two of the intracranial hemorrhages were fatal and occurred postinfusion. Conclusions: Without a placebo control, no efficacy conclusions are possible. Subgroups at higher risk of death were identified, and the change in protein C level from baseline was predictive of survival. The most significant complication observed was bleeding. Risk factors for serious bleeding appear to be multiple organ failure, thrombocytopenia, and coagulopathy.
A novel mouse desmosomal cadherin family member, desmoglein 1γ

Abstract: The mouse desmogleins are members of the desmosomal cadherin superfamily, and are critical structural components of the desmosome. The genes encoding mouse desmogleins are tightly clustered within 600 kb of chromosome 18, within a desmosomal cadherin gene family also containing the three desmocollin genes. In this study, we have characterized a novel mouse desmoglein gene, highly homologous to both mouse and human Dsg1, designated desmoglein 1γ (Dsg1c). Dsg1γ shares 83% amino acid identity to the previously described mouse Dsg1, now designated as Dsg1α, and 32% and 40% identity to mouse Dsg2 and 3, respectively. The Dsg1γ gene maps within the desmosomal gene cluster, between Dsc1 and Dsg1α. Comparison of its exon–intron structure revealed a high level of evolutionary conservation with related family members. In contrast to Dsg1α and Dsg3 whose expression is largely restricted to the skin, Dsg1γ is also expressed in the brain, skeletal muscle, and liver, among other tissues, and is thus more similar to Dsg2 in its tissue distribution. Interestingly, an orthologous Dsg1γ was not found in the human genome, suggesting that the desmosomal cadherin gene cluster contracted during mammalian evolution.
Identification and characterization of odorant‐binding protein 1 gene from the Asian malaria mosquito, Anopheles stephensi

Insect odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) are small, water‐soluble molecules that are thought to transport the hydrophobic odorants to their receptors in the chemosensory neurones. Here we report the identification and molecular characterization of the Anopheles stephensi odorant‐binding protein 1 gene (AsteObp1), an Obp1 gene in An. stephensi, a major malaria vector in Asia. We show that AsteObp1 and Anopheles gambiae Obp1 (AgamObp1) are orthologues. These two genes share similar coding sequences and conserved noncoding sequences (CNSs) that may be involved in their regulation. Transcript of AsteObp1 was observed in larvae and reached a relatively high level in late pupae. Quantitative real‐time PCR on female adult chemosensory tissues showed ∼900‐fold higher expression of AsteObp1 in antennae than in maxillary palp and proboscis. The amount of AsteObp1 in female legs was approximately 15‐fold lower than that of maxillary palp and proboscis. The level of AsteObp1 transcript was seven and 85‐fold higher in females than in males in the antennae, and maxillary palp and proboscis, respectively. Moreover, the AsteObp1 level was reduced by approximately 20‐fold in maxillary palp and proboscis 24 h after a bloodmeal. Our results indicate that AsteObp1 is likely to function in the female olfactory response and may also be involved in blood‐feeding behaviour.
Validity of 10 electronic pedometers for measuring steps, distance, and energy cost.

PURPOSE This study examined the effects of walking speed on the accuracy and reliability of 10 pedometers: Yamasa Skeletone (SK), Sportline 330 (SL330) and 345 (SL345), Omron (OM), Yamax Digiwalker SW-701 (DW), Kenz Lifecorder (KZ), New Lifestyles 2000 (NL), Oregon Scientific (OR), Freestyle Pacer Pro (FR), and Walk4Life LS 2525 (WL). METHODS Ten subjects (33 +/- 12 yr) walked on a treadmill at various speeds (54, 67, 80, 94, and 107 m x min-1) for 5-min stages. Simultaneously, an investigator determined steps by a hand counter and energy expenditure (kcal) by indirect calorimetry. Each brand was measured on the right and left sides. RESULTS Correlation coefficients between right and left sides exceeded 0.81 for all pedometers except OR (0.76) and SL345 (0.57). Most pedometers underestimated steps at 54 m x min-1, but accuracy for step counting improved at faster speeds. At 80 m x min-1 and above, six models (SK, OM, DW, KZ, NL, and WL) gave mean values that were within +/- 1% of actual steps. Six pedometers displayed the distance traveled. Most of them estimated mean distance to within +/- 10% at 80 m x min-1 but overestimated distance at slower speeds and underestimated distance at faster speeds. Eight pedometers displayed kilocalories, but except for KZ and NL, it is unclear whether this should reflect net or gross kilocalories. If one assumes they display net kilocalories, the general trend was an overestimation of kilocalories at every speed. If one assumes they display gross kilocalorie, then seven of the eight pedometers were accurate to within +/-30% at all speeds. CONCLUSION In general, pedometers are most accurate for assessing steps, less accurate for assessing distance, and even less accurate for assessing kilocalories.
Total brain N-acetylaspartate

Objective: To quantitate the extent of neuronal cell loss in MS via the whole brain’s N-acetylaspartate (NAA) concentration (WBNAA). Methods: Because NAA is assumed to be present only in neuronal cell bodies and their axons, we measured WBNAA as a marker for viable neurons in 12 patients (9 women and 3 men, 26 to 53 years of age) suffering from relapsing-remitting (RR) MS for at least 5 years and compared them with 13 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Total brain NAA was determined with proton MR spectroscopy, and WBNAA was obtained by dividing it by the total brain volume, calculated from high resolution MRI. Results: The WBNAA of the RR MS patients was lower than their matched controls (p < 0.005). This difference was greater among older than younger subjects. The linear prediction equations of WBNAA with age indicate a faster, ×10, decline in the patients, ∼0.8% per year of age (p = 0.022). Conclusion: The age-dependent decrease of whole brain N-acetylaspartate (WBNAA) in the patients suggests that progressive neuronal cell loss is a cardinal feature of this disease. WBNAA offers a quick, highly reproducible measure of disease progression and may be an important marker of treatment efficacy in MS as well as other neurodegenerative diseases.
Nurse Practitioners in the Emergency Department: Barriers and Facilitators for Role Implementation

Emergency department (ED) wait times, length of stay, and overcrowding are common issues in developed health care systems in many countries. These ED issues are multifactorial in nature and require further evaluation in an attempt to provide consistent, adequate health care to each patient. Authors in countries, such as Australia and the United Kingdom, have attempted to address the concerns of increasing wait times, length of stay, and overcrowding by establishing nurse practitioners (NPs) into the ED who practice in domains traditionally dominated by physicians. Unfortunately, Canadian health care system leaders lack experience in implementing the unique role of the NP in the ED. In addition, emergency department fast track (FT) models have been studied and operationalized in Australia and the United States to streamline care for less acute patients. However, it is evident from review of the literature that NPs, in the Canadian health care system, are underutilized within FT units. Despite the fact that NPs have been practicing since the 1960s, there remains confusion by the public and even health care professionals about their role, scope of practice, and capabilities. The purpose of this article is to provide a greater understanding of the NP role in Canada with the intent to elucidate current barriers and facilitators to having NPs practice in the ED setting through appraisal of national and international literature sources. The article also illustrates how FT units streamline patient care and are suitable areas for NP practice within the ED. In addition, the authors describe how assessment, implementation, and evaluation of the role of NPs in the ED might be facilitated through the use of a Participatory Evidence-informed Patient-focused Process for Advanced practice nursing role development, implementation, and evaluation (PEPPA framework).
AP-1 and Cbfa/Runt Physically Interact and Regulate Parathyroid Hormone-dependent MMP13 Expression in Osteoblasts through a New Osteoblast-specific Element 2/AP-1 Composite Element*

The expression of MMP13 (collagenase-3), a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family, is increased in vivo as well as in cultured osteosarcoma cell lines by parathyroid hormone (PTH), a major regulator of calcium homeostasis. Binding sites for AP-1 and Cbfa/Runt transcription factors in close proximity have been identified as cis-acting elements in the murine and rat mmp13 promoter required for PTH-induced expression. The cooperative function of these factors in response to PTH in osteoblastic cells suggests a direct interaction between AP-1 and Cbfa/Runt transcription factors. Here, we demonstrate interaction between c-Jun and c-Fos with Cbfa/Runt proteins. This interaction depends on the leucine zipper of c-Jun or c-Fos and the Runt domain of Cbfa/Runt proteins, respectively. Moreover, c-Fos interacts with the C-terminal part of Cbfa1 and Cbfa2, sharing a conserved transcriptional repression domain. In addition to the distal osteoblast-specific element 2 (OSE2) element in the murine and ratmmp13 promoter, we identified a new proximal OSE2 site overlapping with the TRE motif. Both interaction of Cbfa/Runt proteins with AP-1 and the presence of a functional proximal OSE2 site are required for enhanced transcriptional activity of themmp13 promoter in transient transfected fibroblasts and in PTH-treated osteosarcoma cells.
Cognitive processing among mothers of children undergoing bone marrow/stem cell transplantation.

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the role of cognitive processing in maternal adjustment to a life-threatening pediatric medical procedure (bone marrow/stem cell transplantation: BMT/SCT). METHODS Ninety-one mothers participated in structured interviews about their fears, intrusions, avoidance, and distress regarding their child's BMT/SCT at two time points: during their child's hospitalization and during his/her recovery. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the role of fears, intrusions, and avoidance in mothers' distress. RESULTS Mothers' fears played a primary role in their adjustment to their child's transplantation. Intrusions mediated the relations of fears with distress at both time points. Mothers' avoidance of thoughts, feelings, and reminders of their child's illness during the child's transplantation was associated with their distress three months later. The child's risk for an unsuccessful transplantation outcome was not associated with mothers' fears or distress during the child's hospitalization, but was associated with mothers' distress during the child's posthospital course of recovery. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate the critical role of mothers' fears, intrusions, avoidance, and the child's transplant risk in maternal distress and have treatment implications for reducing maternal distress during pediatric transplantation.
Municipality and Neighborhood Influences on Volunteering in Later Life

This article explores the relationships between municipality features and volunteering by older adults. In the literature, strong evidence exists of the influence of place on older people’s health. However, the question how neighborhoods and municipalities promote or hinder volunteer participation remains under-explored. Data for the research are derived from the Belgian Aging Studies. We estimate logistic multilevel models for older individuals’ engagement in volunteering across 141 municipalities in Belgium (N = 67,144). Analysis shows that neighborhood connectedness, neighborhood satisfaction, home ownership, and presence of services predict voluntary engagement at older ages. The findings support that perceptions and quality of social resources that relate to neighborhoods may be important factors to explain volunteering among older adults. Moreover, the findings suggest that volunteering in later life must be considered within a broader framework.
Comparing protein–ligand docking programs is difficult

There is currently great interest in comparing protein–ligand docking programs. A review of recent comparisons shows that it is difficult to draw conclusions of general applicability. Statistical hypothesis testing is required to ensure that differences in pose‐prediction success rates and enrichment rates are significant. Numerical measures such as root‐mean‐square deviation need careful interpretation and may profitably be supplemented by interaction‐based measures and visual inspection of dockings. Test sets must be of appropriate diversity and of good experimental reliability. The effects of crystal‐packing interactions may be important. The method used for generating starting ligand geometries and positions may have an appreciable effect on docking results. For fair comparison, programs must be given search problems of equal complexity (e.g. binding‐site regions of the same size) and approximately equal time in which to solve them. Comparisons based on rescoring require local optimization of the ligand in the space of the new objective function. Re‐implementations of published scoring functions may give significantly different results from the originals. Ostensibly minor details in methodology may have a profound influence on headline success rates. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Framing Deadly Domestic Violence

The news media play a substantial role in shaping society’s perceptions of social issues, including domestic violence. However, minimal research has been conducted to examine whether news media frame stories of femicide within the context of domestic violence. Using frame analysis, the present research compares newspaper articles representing 113 cases of femicide that define the murder as domestic violence to a random sample of 113 cases without coverage defining the femicide as domestic violence. Findings indicate that both groups are represented by multiple frames, including a previously unidentified frame that places the femicide in the context of domestic violence as a social problem.