Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proximate composition of three abundant species of seaweeds from red sea coast in Massawa, Eritrea

The present study investigates the preliminary information of proximate composition of the seaweeds collected from the Red Sea coast of Massawa, Eritrea. The proximate composition (moisture, protein, total soluble carbohydrates, lipids, fiber and ash) of three abundant samples; Enteromorpha clathrata, Gracilaria corticata and Sargassum linearifolium were analyzed. It was observed that the moisture content was high, ranging from 85.28% to 90.88%. High content was found in red seaweed G. corticata and minimum in brown seaweed S. linearifolium. Carbohydrate content of seaweeds ranged from 23.53% to 28.97%. The maximum carbohydrate was recorded in the green seaweed E. clathrata and the brown seaweed S. linearifolium recorded the minimum value. Quantitative analysis of protein content ranged from 6.93% to 13.64%. High protein was found in the green seaweed E. clathrata and low in the brown seaweed S. linearifolium. The lipid content varied from 0.20% to 1.42%, high in brown seaweed S. linearifolium and lower in red seaweed G. corticata. Ash content was observed to range from 51.16% to 26.86%. The maximum ash content was recorded in red seaweed G. corticata and the brown seaweed S. linearifolium recorded the minimum content. The fiber content ranged from 19.97% to 4.37%; high in brown algae S. linearifolium and lower in red algae G. corticata. The moisture and ash contents were recorded higher in red seaweed G. corticata than E. clathrata and S. linearifolium. The results of the present work indicates that, the seaweeds from the Red Sea are an alternative nutritional source. Various environmental factors as well as climatic changes affect the seaweed composition; especially minerals present in Red Sea coast are the major parameters for the ash content. Key Word: Proximate, composition, Seaweeds, Gracilaria, Sargassum, Enteromorpha
Orientation of Colloidal Calciprotein Particles in Channel Flows for Shape Transformation Studies

In-vitro induction of a supersaturation with regard to calcium and phosphate in neutral to basic solutions with fetuin-A addition in advance results in a slightly turbid solution with no mineral sedimentation observed for days [3]. The turbidity is due to the formation of nanometer-sized, spherical mineral-fetuin-A colloids, denoted as cal ciprotein particles (CPPs) [4]. These show hydrodynamic radii in the range of 50 nm and are on ly transiently stable. After a distinct lag time, they are subject to a morphological change towards larger prolate ellipsoids with hydrodynamic radii of 100 120 nm [3]. Consequently, CPPs trans form between two states. The impact of the ambient conditions on the formation and transformat ion has so far mainly been investigated by means of dynamic light scattering [5]. Structural a nd kinetic information on the nanometer scale is largely missing, in particular with respect to time -resolved experiments of the transformation process.
The effect of Mn doping on the interband transition and band tail absorption characteristics of Mn:(Pb, Sr)TiO3 ferroelectric thin films

Mn composition dependence of optical properties,especially interband electronic transition and band tail absorption behaviors,in Mn doped(Pb,Sr)TiO3(PST)films were investigated by transmittance spectrosco⁃ py. The optical parameters of Mn doped PST films in transparent region were evaluated by Cauchy model. The decrease of optical band gap and the expansion of the band tail states with the increasing of Mn dopant amount were observed. The shrinkage of optical band gap is attributed to lowering the bottom of conduction bands by Mn 3d orbitals and the decrease of lattice constant in Mn doped PST films. Meanwhile,the random occupation of Mn ion and the increase of oxygen vacancy after Mn doping are the main causes for the expansion of localized states in band tails.
Bias in the boardroom: a field study of failures in governance of a not-for-profit organization

Extended version) This paper is a case study based investigation on limits to the monitoring and control function of boards of directors. The paper describes a 2-year study of a housing association in the United Kingdom which came to the brink of collapse as the result of poor governance and weak internal controls. This study offers distinctive insights through the employment of a participant observer methodology and is concerned with the accountability of and by this organization‟s Board and how it lost control over governance. The study explores the ambiguity and contestability of the concept of accountability within the behavioural constraints and socialisation effects of the boardroom 1 This article has benefited from inputs by commentators and participants in its presentations at the 2nd European Risk Conference, Bocconi University, September 2008; the 6th International Critical Management Studies Conference, Warwick Business School, July 2009; and the Behavioural Finance Working Group Conference, Cass Business School, July 2010. The author acknowledges the valuable comments made by two anonymous referees but the responsibility for the paper remains that of the author.
Acceptance and Practices of Cash WAQF among University’s Students

Innovation in Waqf (Islamic endowment) in the modern century has made movable asset like cash Waqf practices possible. This research further examines the awareness, acceptance, and practices of cash Waqf among university students. Other objective is to evaluate their perception towards the management of cash Waqf in Malaysia. To achieve the objectives, primary data were collected through survey among 160 International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) students. Based on few statistical analyses, results revealed that even though IIUM students have moderate level of awareness towards cash Waqf, they were basically have high level of acceptance and practices towards the implementation of cash Waqf in the country. Hence, cash Waqf practices should be continued and innovate for future benefits to the society.
Efficiency for Mobile Cloud Storage Services

4 Abstract—Mobile cloud storage services have gained phenomenal success in recent few years. In this paper, we identify, analyze, 5 and address the synchronization (sync) inefficiency problem of modern mobile cloud storage services. Our measurement results 6 demonstrate that existing commercial sync services fail to make full use of available bandwidth, and generate a large amount of 7 unnecessary sync traffic in certain circumstances even though the incremental sync is implemented. For example, a minor document 8 editing process in Dropbox may result in sync traffic 10 times that of the modification. These issues are caused by the inherent 9 limitations of the sync protocol and the distributed architecture. Based on our findings, we propose QuickSync, a system with three 10 novel techniques to improve the sync efficiency for mobile cloud storage services, and build the system on two commercial sync 11 services. Our experimental results using representative workloads show that QuickSync is able to reduce up to 73.1 percent sync 12 time in our experiment settings.
INFLUENCE OF POPULATION GROWTH ON LANDUSE IN CALABAR METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

This study was designed to the influence of population growth on land-use in Calabar Metropolis. Specifically, four objectives were formulated to guide the study with two null hypotheses as stated below; there is no significant relationship between population growth and the urban land-use in Calabar metropolis, the approaches to reducing urban sprawl have no significant impact on land-use of the study area. Stratified random sampling techniques was employed in determining the sample size, while simple random sampling techniques was used in the distribution of questionnaire to the 6 selected unit within the study area. However, population figures for the year 2000, 2010, and 2014 were collected from GIS and remote sensing tools were used to acquire images (radiometric and geometric corrected images) from different sources and the years of the images were co-registered. The techniques adopted includes Image pre-processing and pixel resampling techniques. Pearson product moment correlations technique and descriptive statistics were used for analysis of the empirical data. It was observed that due to population growth in Calabar Municipality, there has been increase in traffic congestion, rising cost of land, land conversion, urban sprawl and increasing house rent. Therefore it is recommended that zoning regulations be put in place as well as proper land use plannin be enforced by the government. Proper waste management techniques be also adopted to check obnoxious dumping of refuse. Essentially land use subdivision plan are necessary for orderly, economical and aesthetic arrangement of road networks, building structures, recreation areas, public utilities and services so as to create functional, efficient and aesthetically pleasing living environment.
Study on Innovations in Reducing Infant and Child Mortality under NRHM: Experiences from Madhya Pradesh.

Background: The decline in IMR of Madhya Pradesh has come down 22 points (28.95%) since 2005. As per the SRS report 2013, NMR of Madhya Pradesh was 8 points above the national level. Half of the Under5 deaths are taking place after neonatal period and about 22% child deaths are taking place after infancy. Objectives: The objective is to study innovations in reducing infant and child mortality under NRHM in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Materials and Methods: In this study, two districts namely Indore as better performing district in terms of child health care and Shivpuri as poor performing were randomly selected to collect primary as well as secondary data regarding programmatic factors affecting infant and child mortality in Madhya Pradesh. Results: It was found that the state has implemented various child health related schemes under NRHM and also launched state specific innovative schemes to lower the infant and child mortality. Lack of trained human resources, facilities and access to services were largely responsible for slow decline in infant /child mortality indicators in the poor performing districts in the state. Conclusion: There are regional differences in the state so it requires local solutions. The socio-cultural issues need to be considered for effectively bringing down infant and child mortality rates. There is need to link health workers with community in order to address most serious causes of deaths like low birth weight, asphyxia, congenital abnormalities etc.
Knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding infant feeding among mother substitutes.

With more women entering the workforce, the issue of infant nutrition has become more complex. Mother surrogates, or substitutes, are increasingly taking over the responsibility of infant care. 80 mother substitutes, aged 7-70, were interviewed in Jabalpur town, India, from October 1983-July 1984. Substitutes originated from nuclear families consisting of grandmothers, aunts, elder sisters, brothers, and servants. They were questioned concerning breast feeding, top milk initiation, feeding technique, and weaning. Results pointed to a variety of opinions on feeding practices and nutrition. 50% of younger mother substitutes and the majority of older, uneducated ones believed in initiating breast feeding from the 2nd day onward. 50% of young and 64% of older substitutes did not consider giving colostrum, and various reasons why are cited. 20% of all and 42% of highly educated substitutes were aware of the advantages of breast feeding. 65% of young and 60% uneducated did not know age of initiation of top milk. 45% advocated bottle feeding, with 25% preferring spoon feeding. With regard to "tinned milk" 40% did not use it, 25% were unaware of it, and of 30% using tinned milk, only 1/3 knew the correct technique of reconstitution. The majority of young and uneducated substitutes thought proper weaning age to be after 6 months. 50%, aged 21-40 years, believed in adding solid food from below 6 months. 90% of the young mother substitutes were against solids being introduced by the age of 4 months. A majority of the substitutes suggested weaning foods such as dal, rice, roti, and biscuits with a few considering tinned cereals as proper weaning foods. This response may point to the reason why protein and energy deficiency may be observed around weaning age in many infants throughout the 3rd world.
The Effect of Cock: Hen Ratio on Reproduction Performance of Koekoek Chickens in the Lowlands of Lesotho

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of cock: hen ratio on the reproductive performance of Koekoek chickens. Fifty seven hens and nine cocks were randomly allocated to three cock: hen ratio treatments in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The cock: hen treatments were 1: 3, 1: 6 and 1: 10 at 37 weeks of age. The birds were allocated into nine pens and each treatment was replicated three times. Thirty eggs were incubated from each replicate hence 270 eggs were used. Data was collected and analyzed using SPSS (17.00). The results revealed that the chickens that were assigned to cock: ratio of 1: 10 performed similar to the ones in the sex ratios of 1: 3 and 1: 6 in terms of fertility. Cock: hen ratio did not have any effect on hatching percentage and embryo mortality. Therefore, when looking at the cost of raising cocks and the level of infighting among the cocks, it would be advisable for the farmers to rear one cock for every ten hens. Koekoek chickens, egg size, fertility rate, hatchability, embryo mortality
Assessing the Frequency and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Isolated Bacteria from Septicemic Hemodialysis Patients

Introduction: Septicemia is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide that increases the hospitalization time and also raises the cost for patients. The current study aimed to evaluate the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of blood culture isolates from the hemodialysis patients referred to Hasheminejad Hospital in Tehran, Iran.Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study the records of 1090 patients who undergone hemodialysis in Hasheminejad Hospital Urinary Tract and Kidney Center between 2012 and 2013 were evaluated. At least two Blood samples from each patients were collected under sterile conditions and was injected into blood culture bottles. After 1, 3, 5 and 7 days, samples were cultured in sheep blood agar (BA), chocolate agar and eosin methylene blue agar (EMB). Disc diffusion on Muller Hinton Agar (HIMEDIA, India) was performed to define the susceptibility. Spss software version 20 was used to analyze the data.Results: From 1090 patients 186 subjects had positive blood culture from them 121 were male and 65 were female. The most frequent isolated species are as follow respectively: coagulase positive Staphylococcus 68 (37%), Escherichia coli 47 (26%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 25 (14%), Streptococcus Group D 22 (12%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus 13 (7%), Streptococcus group A 4 (2%), Klebsiella 2 (1%), and Bacillus 1 (1%). Gram negative bacteria were mostly sensitive to nitrofurantoin, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin. In addition, gram positive bacteria were mostly sensitive to vancomycin, amikacin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, imidazole, colistin, erythromycin, and oflatoxin.Conclusion: The result of the current study determined the most prevalent bacteria that are responsible for septicemia in Tehran, Iran, and the most effective antimicrobials for treatment of septicemia in this area which could help physicians to select a proper antibiotics for initial antimicrobial therapy.
Role of PTEN during Eye Development

The tumor suppressor gene PTEN is a plasma-membrane lipid phosphatase, which negatively regulates the PI3K/Akt cell survival pathway. The crucial role of PTEN in several cellular processes, as well as the different mechanisms by which it exerts its functions, could explain its involvement in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including a wide variety of tumors and a group of rare autosomal dominant syndromes, known as the PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS). This chapter summarizes the current knowledge about the implications of PTEN in eye development, degenerative ocular diseases, as well as ocular tumors. Growing evidences, using different model systems, such as Drosophila, zebrafish, and transgenic mice models, are supporting essential functions of PTEN during eye formation, by affecting cell size, proliferation, and migration in a cell-type specific manner. In particular, suppression of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by PTEN seems to play an important role for proper retinal neurogenesis, and to define a functional retinal architecture. We also discuss how dysregulation of PTEN expression could be responsible for the pathogenesis of retinal degenerations, such as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration, and how germline mutations associated with PHTS could provide a clinical spectrum which encompasses several syndromes with variable ocular involvement. We finally evaluate the contribution of PTEN in the biology of ocular tumors.  Corresponding author: Dr. Alexandre P. Moulin, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Avenue de France 15, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland. Tel: +41 21 6268541; Fax: +41 21 6268325; Email: alexandre.moulin@fa2.ch. No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted commercially in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. Giulia Venturini and Alexandre P. Moulin 158
The Cognitive neuroscience of Self ‐ Regulatory failure

It is one of the mysteries of human nature that inhibiting a behavior (e.g., not reaching for another piece of cake) can be experienced as more effortful than performing the action that otherwise would be inhibited. The deceptive ease with which people manage to avoid indulging every craving, voicing every thought, or giving in to the vicissitudes of every emotion belies the sheer amount of effort that must be expended to stay in control. Should people’s ability to regulate themselves become compromised, the damage to their social lives would be devastating. Even behaviors as trivial as not looking at a mole on an employer’s face would become impossible to resist. Although, at first blush, it might seem unfathomable that people could suddenly be robbed of their selfcontrol, the reality is that with certain brain injuries anyone can suffer from the deficits in selfregulation just described. Although the importance of the brain in enabling selfregulation has long been of interest to neuroscientists and neuropsychologist, many of the other disciplines that study selfregulation (e.g., developmental psychology, educational psychology, social psychology) have long remained agnostic regarding the underlying neural mechanisms that allow selfregulation to occur. In contrast to these disciplines, neuroscientists have long studied the brain mechanisms that underlie elementary forms of motor and cognitive control, generally under the rubric of “executive function. ” However, this line of research seldom explored how these faculties play out in the sorts of situations that have traditionally been under the purview of social and health psychologists (e.g., desires, prejudice, mood). It is not immediately clear why it took so long for selfregulation researchers to seek out neural mechanisms, as neurologists and neuropsychologists have long recognized the importance of the brain, particularly the frontal lobes, in the organization and regulation of behavior (e.g., Kleist, 1934). Reports of extraordinary cases of dysregulated social behavior following brain injury go back as far as the 19th century (Welt, 1888), and many early neuropsychologists put the prefrontal cortex at the center of their theories of ch a p t er 7
Authenticity of a South African dining experience: tourists' perceptions of cuisine at Knysna Waterfront restaurants.

The aim of this study was to assess tourists' perceptions on the authenticity of a South African dining experience. A total of 400 tourists responded to the survey. A mixed methods research design was followed and a systematic sampling method was used to select respondents. The empirical results show that on a 5 point Likert scale, tourists in the 45 to 54 age group recorded the highest perception score (2.88) whilst female tourists recorded the lowest perception score(1.23). The item with the lowest perception score was "menu consisted of more native dishes than foreign" (1.26), whilst the item with the highest perception score was "waiters were natives in ethnic restaurants" (4.17). The overall mean perception score was 2.54 implying that, tourists perceived their dining experience to be less authentic. The study further revealed that 76% of visitors would like to experience authentic South African cuisine and 24% do not wary about experiencing authentic South African cuisine. The study also revealed that 81% perceive the dining experience at Knysna Waterfront as just a copy of the Western countries, 16% percent noted some South African quest largely diluted by foreign standards and 3% believed it was truly a South African dining experience. Consequently, restaurants should include traditional South African dishes in their menus and, for commercial purposes a staged South African experience be created using such strategies as manipulating the music, interior decor and anything that identifies with South Africa.
The relationship between corporate social responsibility and corporate governance

The concept that allows the balance between economic, social and environmental goals (as a concept of corporate social responsibility) represents a widely accepted business practice in the developed countries of the world. The growing demands of the business have pointed to the shortcomings of the management concepts that have been focused exclusively on profit. For these reasons, the problems, interests, and goals of the broader groups of stakeholders should be the components of a company’s business and must be an integral part of corporate governance. The aim of the paper is to determine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate governance. The subject of research is the concepts of CSR and corporate governance, as well as their interconnectedness. The methodology includes an analysis of the available previous research results. The results of theoretical research indicate that there is a relation between both concepts, but that the link is not unambiguous.
The political fallout of the Eurocrisis: evidence from a 108 elections panel study

The 2014 European elections led to a sharp rise in the electoral consensus of parties and independent parliament members perceived as Eurosceptic. This paper analyses the interconnections between distressed economies and the electoral success of extreme Eurosceptic parties. On a panel of 108 elections between 2008 and 2015, the random-effects model shows the relative effect of longand short-term political trust, economic performance indicators, and institutional variables in determining the rise of hard-line Eurosceptic parties. In contrast with previous studies, which have tended to de-emphasize the effect of economic performance in determining the success of Eurosceptic forces, the results of this paper detect both a direct and a mediated effect of the economic crisis on the electoral success of extreme Eurosceptic parties.