Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proliferative status of cells in adult human dentate gyrus

Experiments in rodents and marmoset monkeys indicate that granule neurons of the dentate gyrus may be renewable throughout the entire life of the animal. Whether this occurs in larger primates remains a matter of contention. However, a recent study of brain samples from five adult humans who had been injected with the thymidine analog bromodeoxyuridine indicates that new neurons might indeed be produced in the dentate gyrus. In this study, hippocampus specimens removed from 18 adult humans for treatment of epilepsy were examined. The cell cycle marker Ki67, which is expressed from late G1 to M phase, was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, and H2b/H3/H4 histone mRNAs, which are expressed during S phase, were demonstrated by in situ hybridization. Only 0.17% of cells in the subgranular layer, the site of neuronal progenitor cells, were Ki67 immunoreactive but the identity of these could not be proven. Although the histone in situ hybridization technique was shown to work in human fetal brain, no M phase cells could be demonstrated in the hippocampus. The generation of new granule neurons in the human hippocampus must occur at a very slow rate. The approaches used in this study are likely unsuitable for studying cell populations with low turnover rate. Further work is needed to determine the fate of newly generated cells in the dentate gyrus. This information is of importance to our understanding of the mechanisms of learning and memory. Microsc. Res. Tech. 45:353–358, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Network Strategies: Management Technology for Entrepreneurship and Change

Dr. Bengt Johannisson is with the Small Business Centre at Vaxjo University, Sweden. Entrepreneurs in owner-managed firms have to supplement internal resources in order to adapt to increasingly turbulent environments. The personal network of the entrepreneur supplies resources on conditions which do not conflict with the small business' need for flexibility. Networks vary in terms of their constituent elements and how they carry out their roles as suppost systems. Network nodes and linkages often cluster into "organising contexts". The local community is a very important organising context in Scandinavian countries. The role and functions of the local community is discussed conceptually and empirically in this paper. The network metaphor suggests varying ingredients for entrepreneurial strategies, substituting networking competencies for traditional planning systems and financial resources.
Hearing Deterioration in Patients with a Non-growing Vestibular Schwannoma

Objective--The aim of this study was to document and analyse the course of several audiometric parameters in 49 patients with a non-growing unilateral vestibular schwannoma (VS). Material and methods--Patients received conservative management and absence of tumour growth was ascertained by means of serial magnetic imaging studies. Pure-tone audiometry and speech audiometry were performed at yearly intervals. Results--Pure-tone audiometry revealed a significant increase in thresholds at all frequencies, except for 8.0 kHz. The maximum yearly threshold increase was 2.4 dB hearing level at 1.0 and 2.0 kHz. Speech audiometry revealed a significant decrease in maximum discrimination over the course of time. No significant changes were observed in the following parameters: the intensity level at which maximum discrimination was achieved; the roll-over index; the speech reception threshold; and the slope of the curve in the speech audiogram. No change was observed in the relation between pure-tone audiometry thresholds and speech audiometry scores. Apparently, the deterioration of pure-tone perception and speech discrimination ran parallel courses. Conclusions--The results of this study indicate that hearing loss is a predominant symptom in patients with a non-growing VS, as is also known in patients with a growing lesion. Moreover, it seems unlikely that the hearing loss in VS patients is merely the result of mechanical influences on retrocochlear neural or vascular structures.
Simbah-FI: Simulation-Based Hybrid Fault Injector

Reliability testing has become extremely important in modern electronics as the soft error rate has been increasing due to technology scaling. The testing must be controllable, generic, done before deployment, cheap, and fast. Even though fault injection is often the most appropriate solution considering these requirements, it is very time-consuming. This work proposes a hybrid fault injection framework that automatically switches between RTL and gate-level simulation modes to speed up fault injection over conventional simulators by more than 10 times, maintaining gate-level fault injection accuracy and controllability. The proposed framework is generic, so that faults can be injected to any arbitrary circuit; and supports concurrent execution of several simulations. As case study, the reliability of a complex 8-issue VLIW processor is assessed.
Community Social Responsibility and Its Consequences for Family Business Performance*1

Family‐centered businesses may have unique perspectives of socially responsible behavior due to family involvement and ties to the community. This research explored the antecedents and consequences of community social responsibility (CSR) for family firms operating in small and rural markets. Using a national sample from the 2000 wave of the National Family Business Survey (NFBS), researchers profiled family business operators' (n = 221) to determine if their CSR orientation contributed to family business performance. Enlightened self interest and social capital perspectives provide a framework for elaborating the role of CSR in sustaining family businesses in changing small communities. Results indicate that three dimensions, commitment to the community, community support, and sense of community, account for 43-percent of the variation in family business operators' CSR. Size of the business was significantly related to family firms' ability to give and receive community support. Further, commitment to the community was found to significantly explain perceived family business performance while community support explained financial performance. Findings suggest that socially responsible business behaviors can indeed contribute to the sustainability of family businesses in small rural communities.
Characterization of Brachyury-downstream notochord genes in the Ciona intestinalis embryo.

The notochord has two major roles during chordate embryogenesis, as a source of inductive signals for the patterning of neural tube and paraxial mesoderm and as a supportive organ of the larval tail. Despite the recent identification of mutations that affect the notochord development in vertebrate embryos, little is known about genes that are expressed in the differentiating notochord itself. In the urochordate ascidian Ciona intestinalis, Brachyury (Ci-Bra) plays a key role in notochord differentiation. In a previous study, we isolated cDNA clones for nearly 40 potential Ci-Bra target genes that are expressed in notochord cells (H. Takahashi et al., 1999, Genes Dev. 13, 1519-1523). Here we characterized 20 of them by determining the complete nucleotide sequences of the cDNAs. These genes encode a broad spectrum of divergent proteins associated with notochord formation and function. Two genes encode ascidian homologs of the Drosophila Prickle LIM domain proteins and another encodes the ERM protein, all 3 of which appear to be involved in the control of cytoskeletal architecture. In addition, genes for netrin, leprecan, cdc45, ATP:citrate lyase, ATP sulfurylase/APS kinase, protein tyrosine phosphatase, beta4-galactosyltransferase, fibrinogen-like protein, divergent tropomyosin-like proteins, and Drosophila Pellino-like protein were identified. The observation of the netrin gene expression in the notochord may provide the first molecular evidence that the ascidian notochord is a source of signals as in vertebrates. In addition, the present information should be used to identify nonchordate deuterostome tissues homologous to the notochord as well as genes which are expressed in the notochord cells of vertebrate embryos.
Disclosure, Shareholder Oversight and the Pay-Performance Link

This paper investigates the effect of increased shareholder oversight and disclosure about executive remuneration on the pay–performance relation, while controlling for contemporaneous changes in corporate governance practice. Our sample consists of 240 ASX-listed firms with annual reports available for each year over the period 2001–2009, a period which straddles the timing of regulatory change. We initially document the conjectured improvements in remuneration disclosure and shareholder oversight in the form of the advisory vote on the remuneration report. Following, we find as predicted a general strengthening of the pay–performance relation over the study period, with the increased sensitivity of reported CEO remuneration to firm performance being primarily related to enhanced remuneration disclosure and the non-binding shareholder vote on the remuneration report. Our results lead us to conclude that enhanced oversight over executive remuneration arrangements brought about by regulatory change has positively impacted the executive remuneration process by strengthening the pay–performance relation and making the process appear more accountable.
Funding Innovation at Regional Level: An Analysis of a Public Policy Intervention in the Piedmont Region

Cannone G. and Ughetto E. Funding innovation at regional level: an analysis of a public policy intervention in the Piedmont region, Regional Studies. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the attractiveness and efficiency of the public financing programme DOCUP 2000–2006 (Documento Unico di Programmazione) in the Piedmont region of Italy. The dataset consists of 1235 firms that applied for public funding to Finpiemonte S.p.A. First, the determinants that lead firms to apply for public funding are examined. It is found that leveraged firms are more likely to ask for public subsidies. What drives Finpiemonte in selecting the firms to be subsidized is then analysed. Results for Measure 2.1b point to lower levels of firm leverage, lower costs and a higher life cycle of the projects to be financed. If the grant scheme under Measure 2.6b is considered, the selection process seems to be influenced by firm profitability. Finally, the efficacy of the programme on firm performance in the years following the granting of the subsidy is estimated. It is found that subsidized firms show an increase of indebtedness and of total fixed assets, while there is no evidence of any impact on firm profitability.
The Information in Management's Expected Earnings Report Date: A Day Late, a Penny Short

Since 1995, managers of thousands of firms have voluntarily disclosed the expected date of their firm’s next quarterly earnings announcement to Thomson Financial Services Inc. These disclosures are approximately 500% more accurate than the simple time–series expected report dates used in prior accounting research. These disclosures are also informative. On average, managers who miss their own expected date eventually report earnings that fall about one penny per share below consensus forecasts for each day of delay. Investors respond by sending the price of late–announcing stocks down at the missed expected report date and continue to send them down as the reporting delay lengthens, consistent with our “day late, penny short” result. Despite this, we find that the market response at the time earnings are announced still depends on whether the announcement is early, on time, or late relative to the firm’s own expected report date.
Essays on Asset Pricing and Econometrics

This dissertation presents three essays on asset pricing and econometrics. The first chapter identifies rare events and long-run risks simultaneously from a rich data set (the Barro-Ursua macroeconomic data set) and evaluates their contributions to asset pricing in a unified framework. The proposed model of rare events and long-run risks is estimated using a Bayesian Markov-chain Monte-Carlo method, and the estimates for the disaster process are closer to the data than those in the previous studies. Major evaluation results in asset pricing include: (1) for the unleveraged annual equity premium, the predicted values are 4.8%, 4.2%, and 1.0%, respectively; (2) for the Sharpe ratio, the values are 0.72, 0.66, and 0.15, respectively. The second chapter, coauthored with Robert J. Barro, estimates the coefficient of relative risk aversion, γ, by exploring the influence of rare disasters on the equity premium. The premium depends on the probability and size distribution of disasters, gauged by proportionate declines in per capita consumption or gross domestic product. Long-term national-accounts data for 36 countries provide a large sample of disasters of magnitude 10% or more. A power-law density provides a good fit to the size distribution. The observed premium of 5% generates an estimated γ close to 3, with a 95% confidence interval of 2 to 4. The results are robust to uncertainty about the values of the disaster probability iii and the equity premium. The third chapter studies the estimation and testing of ARMA(1, 1) models with root cancellation using a new method called “global approach. ” With this approach, it shows the asymptotic distributions of the maximum likelihood estimator, gives a complete classification of asymptotic identification categories for all the drifting sequences of parameters, and reveals how the strength of identification of parameters change with the sample size and the sum of the autoregressive (AR) and moving average (MA) parameters. A novel statistic is proposed for conducting joint tests on the AR and MA parameters, which is straightforward to calculate and has some desirable properties.
Default risk in interest rate derivatives with stochastic volatility

In this study, we consider short interest rate models of the Vascicek type with stochastic volatility and obtain formulas for default risk in interest rate derivatives. Corrections from a fast mean-reverting stochastic volatility are computed to show how they can affect the term structure of the interest rate derivatives. Our results for the defaultable bonds as well as the corresponding bond options are obtained as an extension of the non-defaultable case studied by Cotton et al. [Math. Finance, 2004, 14(2), 173–200].
The Information Effects of Analyst Activity at the Announcement of New Equity Issues

Myers and Majluf (1984) argue that informational asymmetry between managers and investors can explain the negative stock returns around the announcement of new equity. Using analyst following and consensus as proxies for information asymmetry, we observe that announcement period returns are significantly more negative for firms followed by fewer analysts and whose forecasts exhibit less consensus. Our findings hold after controlling for firm size and growth opportunities. Finally, we find evidence suggesting that analyst activity also influences firms’ long-term performance. We conclude that the information role of security analysts partially explains the negative stock returns surrounding the announcement of new equity.
AMPHIBIAN AND REPTILIAN IMAGERY IN CADDO ART

Although Caddo pottery is most recognized for its nonrepresentative decorative patterns, artists also incorporated zoomorphic figural components into their designs. Amphibian and reptilian depictions occur not only on pottery vessels but also on pipes, figurines, and pendants. Five modes of depiction occurred in the Caddo archaeological area, spanning the period from ca. A.D. 1100 to 1700. These depictions represent local expressions of the Beneath World creatures that were recognized by people across the Eastern Woodlands. These expressions embodied the power of the Beneath World and played a role in mediating with that power in regards to agriculture, travel, death, and political processes. The Caddo people integrated these zoomorphic representations into their distinctive tradition of pottery design, creating a unique cultural expression of a broader cosmological theme that was present throughout the Mississippian tradition.
The relationship between corporate governance and corporate social behavior: a structural equation model analysis

This paper extends previous research in corporate social responsibility from a corporate governance perspective. Through a two-step procedure, this research develops a measurement model to measure the unobservable variable of social sensibility of corporate governance (SSCG) and tests empirically the effect of this variable on corporate social behavior using a structural model. Both models are estimated applying Full Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML) and Bayesian methods for the 125 listed companies of the Spanish Continuous Stock Market. Two important conclusions are obtained of this research: first, a firm's SSCG can be measured through two different factors (the independence and pluralism of Boards and the ownership power), and second, there is a direct relationship between the firm's social sensibility of corporate governance and its social behavior. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A memorandum of “World Heart Day 2013” – Stroke mortality among women in Birjand, East of Iran

Sir, September 29 is observed as “World Heart Day” and the theme of the present year (2013) is “take the road to a healthy heart. ” In continuation of the 2012 theme, the focus on prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among women and children will be reinforced in 2013, emphasizing the fact that from childhood through adulthood, we have the opportunity to prevent the burden of heart disease and .
Association between HLA-DQB1 polymorphisms and pemphigus vulgaris: A meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: This study was performed to systematically summarize the results on the association of HLA-DQB1 polymorphisms with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and other related factors. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, and Google Scholar database was conducted to identify relevant articles in English, with the last report up to November 1, 2016. Heterogeneity test was performed, and publication bias was evaluated. Stata software 12.0 was used to perform the meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to describe the correlation by random-effects model. Results: 18 studies were obtained after searching databases: 10 studies were about Caucasian, and 8 articles were about non-Caucasian. Meta-analysis revealed that the allele and phenotype frequencies of DQB1*05 were markedly higher in PV patients than in controls [P < 0.001, OR: 2.640, 95%CI: 1.570–4.441; P = 0.030, OR 3.688, 95%CI: 1.138–11.946]. In addition, DQB1*03 was significantly increased at the allele level [P < 0.001, OR: 2.080, 95%CI: 1.507–2.869], and DQB1*02 was significantly decreased in PV at the allele and phenotype levels [P = 0.002, OR: 0.450, 95%CI: 0.289–0.702; P = 0.001, OR: 0.293, 95%CI: 0.146–0.587]. When based on each subtype of HLA-DQB1, DQB1*05:03 and DQB1*03:02 may play susceptibility roles in PV, and DQB1*03:03, DQB1*05:01 and DQB1*06:01 are negatively associated with PV. Conclusion: In summary, our study suggests that alleles from the groups DQB1*05 and DQB1*03, concretely DQB1*05:03 and DQB1*03:02, respectively, may be the susceptibility factors for PV at allele and phenotype levels, whereas DQB1*05:01, DQB1*02, DQB1*06:01, and DQB1*03:03 are negatively associated with PV.
Hypoglycemia-Related Electroencephalogram Changes are Independent of Gender, Age, Duration of Diabetes, and Awareness Status in Type 1 Diabetes

Introduction: Neuroglycopenia in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results in reduced cognition, unconsciousness, seizures, and possible death. Characteristic changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) can be detected even in the initial stages. This may constitute a basis for a hypoglycemia alarm device. The aim of the present study was to explore the characteristics of the EEG differentiating normoglycemia and hypoglycemia and to elucidate potential group differences. Methods: We pooled data from experiments in T1DM where EEG was available during both normoglycemia and hypoglycemia for each subject. Temporal EEG was analyzed by quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) analysis with respect to absolute amplitude and centroid frequency of the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands, and the peak frequency of the unified theta-alpha band. To elucidate possible group differences, data were subsequently stratified by age group (± 50 years), gender, duration of diabetes (± 20 years), and hypoglycemia awareness status (normal/impaired awareness of hypoglycemia). Results: An increase in the log amplitude of the delta, theta, and alpha band and a decrease in the alpha band centroid frequency and the peak frequency of the unified theta-alpha band constituted the most significant hypoglycemia indicators (all p < .0001). The size of these qEEG changes remained stable across all strata. Conclusions: Hypoglycemia-associated EEG changes remain stable across age group, gender, duration of diabetes, and hypoglycemia awareness status. This indicates that it may be possible to establish a general algorithm for hypoglycemia detection based on EEG measures.
Applying importance‐performance analysis to assess service delivery performance: Evidence from Greek insurance

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the potential of importance‐performance (IP) analysis as a decision‐making tool for service management, employing IP analysis to assess the performance of Greek insurance in delivering quality services.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected in a two‐stage survey. In both stages, respondents were asked to provide importance and performance scores, in identical seven‐point Likert scales, for the 25 service attributes identified for Greek insurance. In order to qualify for the sample, individuals had to be over the age of 25 and have at least one insurance policy and one service encounter with their insurers within the previous three months. The two methodological streams of IP analysis, “gap analysis” and IP maps, were employed to analyse the data.Findings – The value of importance‐performance analysis as a tool for managerial decision making in services was reaffirmed. Contrary to previous findings on insurers' reluctance to respond to their .