Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High School Athletes' Perceptions of the Motivational Climate in Their Off-Season Training Programs

Abstract Chamberlin, JM, Fry, MD, and Iwasaki, S. High school athletes' perceptions of the motivational climate in their off-season training programs. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 736–742, 2017—Athletes benefit tremendously from working hard in off-season training (OST) because it sets them up to avoid injuries and perform their best during the season. Ironically, many athletes struggle to stay motivated to participate regularly in this training. Research has highlighted the benefits for athletes perceiving a caring and task-involving climate, where they gauge their success based on their personal effort and improvement, and perceive each member of the team is treated with mutual kindness and respect. Athletes who perceive a caring and task-involving climate on their teams are more likely to report greater adaptive motivational responses. Research has not currently examined athletes' perceptions of the climate in OST programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between athletes' perceptions of the climate in an OST program and their motivational responses. High school athletes (N = 128; 90 males 35 females; mean age = 15.3 years) participating in summer OST programs completed a survey that included measures of intrinsic motivation, commitment, their valuing OST, feeling like it is their decision to participate in OST, their perceptions that their teammates take OST seriously, and attendance. A canonical correlation revealed that athletes, who perceived a highly caring and task-involving climate reported higher intrinsic motivation, value of and commitment to OST; attendance; and perceived teammates take OST seriously. Results suggest that creating a caring and task-involving climate in OST programs may help athletes optimize their motivation to participate in important strength and conditioning programs.
Testing soccer players

To cope with the physiological demands of soccer, players must be competent across several fitness components. The use of fitness tests in the laboratory and field assist in examining soccer players' capabilities for performance both at the amateur and elite levels. Laboratory tests provide a useful indication of players' general fitness. Accurate test results can be obtained with the use of a thorough methodology and reliable equipment. Laboratory tests are used sparingly during the season because of the time-consuming nature of the tests. Instead, tests are generally carried out at the start and end of the pre-season period to evaluate the effectiveness of specific training interventions. Field tests provide results that are specific to the sport and are therefore more valid than laboratory tests. The reduced cost, use of minimal equipment and the ease with which tests can be conducted make them more convenient for extensive use throughout the season. Although data from laboratory and field tests provide a good indication of general and soccer-specific fitness, individual test results cannot be used to predict performance in match-play conclusively because of the complex nature of performance in competition. Fitness tests in conjunction with physiological data should be used for monitoring changes in players' fitness and for guiding their training prescription.
Evidence for an immunological pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease.

OBJECTIVES To elucidate the role of platelet-associated IgG (PA-IgG) in the mechanism of thrombocytopenia associated with chronic liver disease. METHODS Platelet count in blood, PA-IgG, and scintigraphic spleen/liver ratio as a marker of splenomegaly was examined in 214 individuals, including 16 controls showing nonspecific reactive change in liver biopsy and 198 patients with chronic liver disease. RESULTS The mean blood platelet count decreased significantly according to severity of liver disease, from control to liver cirrhosis. PA-IgG levels increased significantly in relation to severity of liver disease, as did spleen/liver ratio. In chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis, an inverse correlation was found between platelet counts and PA-IgG levels. An inverse correlation was also observed between platelet count and spleen/liver ratio in liver cirrhosis. The splenic embolization resulted in a significant rise in platelet count and a significant fall in PA-IgG in the 14 cirrhotic patients. CONCLUSIONS These results may give support to evidence for an immunological mechanism mediated by PA-IgG for the thrombocytopenia occurring in chronic liver disease. In the case of liver cirrhosis, this mechanism would act in addition to platelet pooling in the spleen on thrombocytopenia. PA-IgG may also have an important role in thrombocytopenia associated with chronic hepatitis, in which splenic platelet pooling is less marked.
Bathysa cuspidata Extract Modulates the Morphological Reorganization of the Scar Tissue and Accelerates Skin Wound Healing in Rats: A Time-Dependent Study

The technological development of pharmaceutical products based on plant extracts is currently responsible for a large number of recent innovations in healthcare. The objective of this study was to develop and investigate the effect and potential applicability of an ointment-based Bathysa cuspidata extract (BCE) for the management of skin wounds in rats. Three skin wounds of 12 mm in diameter were made on the backs of the animals, which were randomized into 4 groups according to the application received, i.e. the SAL group: 0.9% saline solution, the LAN group: lanolin, the BCE 2.5% group: 2.5% BCE emulsified in lanolin and the BCE 5% group: 5% BCE emulsified in lanolin. The applications were made daily over 21 days, and every 7 days tissue from different wounds was removed. On days 7, 14 and 21, the BCE 2.5% and BCE 5% groups showed the best results in relation to wound closure, and a higher proportion (in length, density and volume) of blood vessels and fibroblasts compared to the other groups. On days 7 and 14, there was a significant increase in the number of mast cells in these 2 groups when compared to the SAL and LAN groups. On day 21, they also had a higher proportion of collagen I than collagen III. B. cuspidata in an ointment base was effective in stimulating tissue cellularity, mast cell recruitment, neoangiogenesis, synthesis and maturation of collagen, epidermal thickness and surface area in scar tissue. These events were potentially related to the best quality and speed for skin regeneration in the rats treated with the BCE ointment.
Understanding impacts of time and cost related construction risks on operational performance of PPP projects

The risk attributes in construction project is one of the widely published topics, yet there is no or little investigation whether or not risks associated with construction phase propagate over operational phase. As operation phase of the PPP projects is significantly long compared to the construction phase, understanding the impact of time and cost related construction risks over operation phase is quite important. In this research, risk attributes associated with the PPP procurement method have been identified across three dimensions, time , cost and operational performance. A questionnaire survey was used for collecting data in seven major PPP projects in Australia. Based on standard statistical methods and factor analysis, a number of key risk factors influencing time, cost and operational performance have been extracted. The research revealed that site conditions and design complexity is one of the most critical risk attribute influencing time performance in projects. Similarly, market dynamics is the most critical attribute influencing both construction cost and operational performance in PPP projects. Based on regression modeling, partner's dispute was found to be a good determinant of time and cost performance. Technical obsolescence has significant impacts on the operational performance of PPP projects. It was revealed that the design complexity, financial structure and government policy are the three main common factors affecting risks across time, cost and operational performance in PPP projects. It is anticipated that the findings will impact the construction firms for improving the front-end risk management capability for efficient positioning within the competitive business environment.
A Formulation to Encapsulate Nootkatone for Tick Control

ABSTRACT Nootkatone is a component of grapefruit oil that is toxic to the disease-vectoring tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, but unfortunately causes phytotoxicity to treated plants and has a short residual activity due to volatility. We prepared a lignin-encapsulated nootkatone formulation to compare with a previously used emulsifiable formulation for volatility, plant phytotoxicity, and toxicity to unfed nymphs of I. scapularis. Volatility of nootkatone was measured directly by trapping nootkatone vapor in a closed system and indirectly by measuring nootkatone residue on treated filter paper after exposure to simulated sunlight (Xenon). After 24 h in the closed system, traps collected only 15% of the nootkatone applied as the encapsulated formulation compared with 40% applied as the emulsifiable formulation. After a 1-h light exposure, the encapsulated formulation retained 92% of the nootkatone concentration compared with only 26% retained by the emulsifiable formulation. For plant phytotoxicity, cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. , leaves treated with the encapsulated formulation expressed less necrosis, retaining greater leaf weight compared with leaves treated with the emusifiable formulation. The nootkatone in the emulsifiable formulation was absorbed by cabbage and oat, Avena sativa L. , plants (41 and 60% recovered 2 h after application, respectively), as opposed to 100% recovery from the plants treated with encapsulated nootkatone. Using a treated vial technique, encapsulated nootkatone was significantly more toxic to I. scapularis nymphs (LC50 = 20 ng/cm2) compared with toxicity of the emulsifiable formulation (LC50 = 35 ng/cm2). Thus, the encapsulation of nootkatone improved toxicity for tick control, reduced nootkatone volatility, and reduced plant phytotoxicity.
Extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis Reduced Body Weight and Blood Triglyceride in db/db Mice

Scutellaria baicalensis has been extensively employed for the clinical treatment of hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, dysentery, inflammatory diseases, and the common cold. The present study was performed to investigate the anti‐obesity and anti‐dyslipidemia effect of Scutellaria baicalensis extracts (SBE) in type 2 diabetic db/db mice.
Distributed multichannel assignment with congestion control in wireless mesh networks

In Multichannel Wireless Mesh Network architecture, topology discovery, traffic profiling, channel assignment and routing are essential. From the existing work done so far, we can observe that no work has been carried out on the combined solution of multichannel assignment with routing protocol and congestion control. In this paper, we propose to design a Distributed Multichannel Assignment with Congestion control (DMAC) routing protocol. In this protocol, a traffic‐aware metric provides the solution for multichannel assignment and congestion control. Hence, the proposed protocol can improve the throughput and channel utilization to a very high extent. The proposed algorithm avoids self‐interference by not assigning a channel to any link whose incident links have already been assigned channels. By our simulation results, we show that our proposed protocol attains high throughput and delivery ratio along with reduced delay. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Control Systems on Trust and Cooperation in Collaborative Environments

Because of conflicting incentives among participants, collaborations (e.g., strategic alliances, joint ventures, and work teams) present a significant control challenge to managerial accountants. On the one hand, formal controls such as sanctioning and monitoring systems improve cooperation by reducing the incentives for opportunistic behavior. On the other hand, prior research finds that the mere presence of a control system causes decision makers to view the collaborative setting as noncooperative, and other collaborators as untrustworthy. In this paper, we conduct two experiments in which participants act as business collaborators. Through these experiments, we examine the effects of control on trust and cooperation in collaborative settings. Specifically, we posit and provide evidence that a strong control system can enhance the level of trust among collaborators. The mediating role of control‐induced cooperation provides the mechanism by which control systems can increase trust in collaborative envir.
Collaboration between multiple newsvendors

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Awareness of and attitudes towards biotechnology and GMOs in Southwest Nigeria: a survey of people with access to information

In this paper, we examine awareness of biotechnology and the attitudes towards products and services derived from Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in Southwest Nigeria. For this purpose, we surveyed 180 respondents across selected segments of the regional population. The paper demonstrates that while respondents have some awareness of biotechnology techniques, there is little awareness about specific GM crops that include Bt maize, Bt cotton and golden rice. Most of the respondents tend to be in favour of the introduction of GM crops and would eat GM foods if they are more nutritious than non-GM foods. The attitudes of the respondents towards GMOs suggest that though more people are in favour of the introduction of GM crops, they do not consider the current state of Nigeria's institutional preparedness satisfactory for the approval and release of GMOs.
Pain Catastrophizing and Symptom Severity During Upper Respiratory Tract Illness

ObjectivesThe present study examined the relation of pain catastrophizing to the severity of upper respiratory tract illness. Materials and MethodsParticipants included 50 adults (35 female subjects, 15 male) who were self-diagnosed with upper respiratory tract illness and who agreed to complete a diary of symptoms for 7 days. Illness symptoms were grouped into three categories: pain-related, constitutional, and respiratory symptoms. ResultsResults showed that pain catastrophizing was associated with symptom number and symptom severity in all three categories of symptoms. The rumination subscale of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale showed the strongest relations with illness severity. The relation between pain catastrophizing and illness severity remained significant even when controlling for initial symptom severity, duration of the symptoms before the study period, and depression. DiscussionThe results provide the preliminary evidence that the influence of pain catastrophizing may not be restricted to pain-specific domains. The data also provide some support for the view that the excessive focus on bodily sensations may account for more severe symptoms.
Gene Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and their Inhibitors (TIMPs) in Meningiomas of Dogs

Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are considered to be key mediators of tumor invasion and metastasis. MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 are expressed in meningiomas of dogs, but TIMP expression, and variations of specific MMP/TIMP ratios still are unknown in this tumor. Hypothesis/Objectives Expression of MMP/TIMP might increase progressively from grade I to grade III meningioma. Therefore, genetic expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, and specific TIMP‐2 and TIMP‐1, respectively, has been investigated in meningiomas of different grades. Animals Selected formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue from 43 meningiomas of dogs was evaluated. Methods Genetic material was obtained from pathologic samples and used for quantitative reverse transcriptase real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Results MMP‐9 was not expressed in all of the tumors, but MMP‐2 was significantly more expressed in papillary meningioma. Likewise, the MMP‐2/TIMP‐2 ratio was numerically higher in papillary meningiomas compared to all grades (>3.5 times) showing a strong bias in favor of metalloproteinase. In the papillary meningioma, TIMP‐1 gene expression was significantly higher than in grades I and III. Conclusions and Clinical Importance MMP‐2/TIMP‐2 imbalance might contribute to the aggressive biologic behavior of papillary meningiomas in dogs. TIMP‐1 expression may play a role independent of MMP‐9 expression in neoplastic progression. These results further support that therapeutic and prognostic evaluations of dogs with meningioma need to be addressed according to different histologic patterns as is performed in humans.
Magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) and tissue water proton relaxation in vivo

In this study the exchange between 1H magnetization in “free” water (1Hf) and that in a pool with restricted motion (1Hr) was observed in tissues in vivo using NMR saturation transfer methods. Exchange between these two pools was demonstrated by a decrease in the steady‐state magnetization and relaxation times of 1Hf with radiofrequency irradiation of 1Hr. The pseudo‐first‐order rate constant for the movement of magnetization from 1Hfto 1Hr was ∼ Is−1 in kidney and ∼3s−1 in skeletal muscle in vivo. Proton NMR imaging demonstrated that this exchange was tissue specific and generated a novel form of NMR image contrast. The extent of exchange between 1Hf and 1Hr as well as the topological correlation ofthe exchange with relaxation weighted images suggests that this pathway is a major determinant of the observed relaxation properties of water 1H in vivo. © 1989 Academic Press. Inc.
The Effect of Discontinuities in a Multiconductor Line on Lightning-Induced Voltages

The effect of discontinuities in a transmission line on lightning-induced voltages is studied using a new field-to-line coupling model. For a shielding wire with an isolated grounding, it is shown that the mitigation of the induced voltages is due to the actuation of the localized grounding, when it is illuminated. It protects the line at its location and behind it, reducing the induced voltages by an amount that depends on the grounding resistance and the geometry of the conductors of the line, and also protects some points in front of it, but only within a certain ldquoeffective distancerdquo that is dependent on the rise time of the induced voltages. For a periodically grounded shielding wire, it is shown that the reflection, at the grounding points, of the voltage reduction waves produced by the other groundings, produce oscillating induced overvoltages that are mainly confined in the line span in front of the strike. The effectiveness of the shielding wire can be enhanced if the insulation of the shielding wire is utilized as a protective gap. It is also shown that the effect of the ground resistivity is very important but is very different depending on the permittivity of the ground.
Stochastic evolution equations in portfolio credit modelling with applications to exotic credit products

We consider a structural credit model for a large portfolio of credit risky assets where the correlation is due to a market factor. By considering the large portfolio limit of this system we show the existence of a density process for the asset values. This density evolves according to a stochastic partial differential equation and we establish existence and uniqueness for the solution taking values in a suitable function space. The loss function of the portfolio is then a function of the evolution of this density at the default boundary. We develop numerical methods for pricing and calibration of the model to credit indices and consider its performance pre and post credit crunch. Finally, we give further examples illustrating the valuation of exotic credit products, specifically forward starting CDOs.
WHAT CHILDREN SEE AFFECTS HOW THEY READ

Children of mixed abilities were given three single‐word lists to read, matched for linguistic complexity. The visual component of the task was made harder by reducing the print size with each new list. The reading errors made by children who did and who did not have a visual impairment were compared. The visually impaired children's pattern of reading errors changed as their vision was stressed by the reduction in print size; their errors became non‐words (neologisms). This finding suggests a link between the efficiency of visual processing and the accuracy of reading of these children.
Effects of stimulus features and instruction on response coding, selection, and inhibition: Evidence from repetition effects under task switching

The coding of stimuli and responses is crucial for human behaviour. Here, we focused primarily on the response codes (or response categories). As a method, we applied a combined dual-task and task-switch paradigm with a fixed task-to-hand mapping. Usually, negative effects (i.e., costs) are observed for response category repetitions under task switching. However, in several previous studies it has been proposed that such repetition effects do not occur, if the stimulus categories (e.g., “odd” if digits have to be classified according to their parity feature) are unequivocally mapped to specific responses. Our aim was to test this hypothesis. In the present experiments, we were able to distinguish between three different types of possible response codes. The results show that the participants generally code their responses according to abstract response features (left/right, or index/middle finger). Moreover, the spatial codes were preferred over the finger-type codes even if the instructions stressed the latter. This preference, though, seemed to result from a stimulus–response feature overlap, so that the spatial response categories were primed by the respective stimulus features. If there was no such overlap, the instructions determined which type of response code was involved in response selection and inhibition.
The impact of varying types of performance-related pay and employee participation on earnings

Using matched employer-employee data from a nationally representative sample of British establishments, the paper examines the impact of different types of performance-related pay (PRP) on earnings and whether this is moderated by the presence of employee involvement and financial participation schemes. It supports previous work that has suggested that there are strong and complex interactions between employee involvement schemes and compensation mechanisms. In particular, the results indicate that employees' earnings are highest where both individual and work-group PRP schemes are present at a workplace, and where there are congruent PRP and employee participation schemes.