Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of suicide in Faisalabad.

BACKGROUND Suicide is one of the ten leading causes of death in the world, accounting for more than 400,000 deaths annually. The incidence and pattern of suicide vary from country to country. Cultural, religious and social values play some role in this regard. Very few studies about the epidemiology of suicide have been conducted in Pakistan. We conducted this study on the patterns of suicide in autopsies conducted at Faisalabad from 1998 to 2001, to know the incidence of suicide, which subgroups of the population were most vulnerable to such deaths and the methods being used. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study includes 95 cases of suicidal deaths of both sexes belonging to different age groups autopsied at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad. Cases were selected on the basis of information from the scene of crime, police inquest, autopsy findings and interview with the acquaintances of the victim. Findings were tabulated and analyzed. RESULTS The study revealed that suicide rate was 1.12/100,000, with male preponderance. The peak incidence was in 20-29 years in males and 10-19 years in females. Hanging was the most common method. A seasonal surge in spring was noted. CONCLUSION Suicide in Faisalabad is much lower compared to western countries. Suicides occur at a younger age in Faisalabad compared to western countries.
Identification of occult micrometastases in pericolic lymph nodes of Dukes' B colorectal cancer patients using monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratin and CC49. Correlation with long‐term survival

Background. Patients with transmurally invasive, lymph node negative colorectal carcinoma (Dukes' B) have a 5‐year survival rate ranging from 53.9% to 84.9%. The authors postulate that patients with Dukes' B colon cancer who die of their disease have occult micrometastases in their pericolic lymph nodes at the time of original diagnosis. In an attempt to identify these occult micrometastases, pericolic lymph nodes from Dukes' B colon cancer resections were stained retrospectively with antibodies against cytokeratin (anti‐keratin AE1/AE3, Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN) and CC49 (a second‐generation monoclonal antibody directed against TAG‐72.
Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerotic Events in Renal Transplant Recipients

Background. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a known cardiovascular risk factor in the general population. We explored the influence of MS on the occurrence of atherosclerotic events (AEs) after renal transplantation. Methods. Three hundred thirty-seven renal transplant recipients were included in the study. Various parameters (e.g., anthropometric and biological) were measured 1 year after transplant. Results. One year after transplant, 32% of the study population met criteria for MS. Older age, male gender, pretransplant high body mass index, and an increase in body mass index ≥5% in the first year after transplant were predictive factors for development of MS at 1 year after transplant. Forty-two patients (12.4%) experienced AEs during the 8 years of follow-up. The cumulated incidence of AEs was greater in patients with MS compared with others without MS (25% vs. 7%; P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, patients with MS at 1 year after transplant had an increased risk of AE (hazard ratio 3.40, 95% confidence interval 1.58−7.32, P=0.002). Older age, low creatinine clearance, high C-reactive protein level, and a past history of cardiovascular disease were other independent risk factors for AE. Conclusions. Similar to the general population, MS is an independent risk factor for AE after renal transplantation. Relevant preventive measures targeting different aspects of MS would then have a potential impact on prevalence of AE in this population.
Outcomes After Open Versus Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass

In expert hands, laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGB) is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality compared with open bariatric surgery. The purpose of our study was to determine whether or not the results of LGB have been realized in the general US population. We used data from the nationwide inpatient sample to define differences in outcomes after LGB versus open techniques (OGB). We calculated hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, and major complications for both OGB and LGB. We noted a total of 26,940 gastric bypass procedures: LGB was coded in 16.3% and OGB in 83.7%. The mean hospital stay, mortality, wound, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and cardiovascular complications were significantly lower after LGB (P<0.001). After we adjusted for covariates, hospital stay, pulmonary morbidity, and mortality remained significantly lower after LGB (P<0.001). In conclusion, LGB is associated with significantly lower mean hospital stay and with reduced morbidity and mortality as compared with OGB.
Internationalization strategies of frontier Lusophone-African multinational enterprises: Comparative case studies of Angola and Mozambique

ABSTRACT Internationalization theories suggest that enterprises from emerging and frontier markets will adopt different entry modes than those in advanced economies. Very few studies to date, however, examine the process of how multinational enterprises (MNEs) from frontier markets internationalize or evaluate which factors influence their mode of entry into global markets. This research investigates the internationalization strategies of Lusophone Africa MNEs from Angola and Mozambique, more specifically their entry mode, to expand the framework for entry mode strategies to include the motivations and issues of MNEs from emerging and frontier economies. Surveys, as well as in-depth, in-country, qualitative interviews reveal that these frontier and emerging market MNEs opted for equity-based investment strategies as their preferred mode of entry. A significant second group opted for e-commerce/e-business strategies, and direct and indirect exports. Finally, a smaller portion of the interviewees chose Greenfield investment as a mode of entry. Many of these MNEs could be classified as born global/INV.
Effect of Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Stage II Colon Cancer: Analysis of Korean National Data

Purpose Debates exist regarding the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer. This study aimed to investigate the current status of adjuvant chemotherapy and its impact on survival for Korean stage II colon cancer patients by analyzing the National Quality Assessment data. Materials and Methods A total of 7,880 patientswho underwent curative resection for stage II colon adenocarcinoma between January 2011 andDecember 2014 in Koreawere selected randomly as evaluation subjects for the quality assessment. The factors that influenced overall survival were identified. The high-risk group was defined as having at least one of the following: perforation/obstruction, lymph node harvest less than 12, lymphovascular/perineural invasion, positive resection margin, poor differentiation, or pathologic T4 stage. Results The median follow-up period was 38 months (range, 1 to 63 months). Chemotherapy was a favorable prognostic factor for either the high- (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38 to 0.59; p < 0.001) or low-risk group (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.89; p=0.002) in multivariate analysis. This was also the case in patients over 70 years of age. The hazard ratio was significantly increased as the number of involved risk factors was increased in patients who didn’t receive chemotherapy. Adding oxaliplatin showed no difference in survival (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.91 to 2.03; p=0.132). Conclusion Adjuvant chemotherapy can be recommended for stage II colon cancer patients, but the addition of oxaliplatin to the regimen must be selective.
Power Increases the Socially Toxic Component of Narcissism Among Individuals With High Baseline Testosterone

The corrosive effects of power have been noted for centuries, but the self-related changes responsible for those effects have remained somewhat elusive. Narcissists tend to rise to—and abuse—positions of power, so we considered the possibility that positions of power may corrupt because they inflate narcissism. Two pathways were considered: Powerholders abuse their power because having power over others makes them feel superior (grandiosity pathway) or deserving of special treatment (entitlement pathway). Supporting the entitlement pathway, assigning participants to a position of power (vs. equal control) over a group task increased scores on the Exploitative/Entitlement component of narcissism among those with high baseline testosterone. What is more, heightened Exploitative/Entitlement scores among high-testosterone participants endowed with power (vs. equal control) statistically explained amplified self-reported willingness to misuse their power (e.g., taking fringe benefits as extra compensation). The grandiosity pathway was not well supported. The Superiority/Arrogance, Self-Absorption/Self-Admiration, and Leadership/Authority facets of narcissism did not change as a function of the power manipulation and testosterone levels. Taken together, these results suggest that people with high (but not low) testosterone may be inclined to misuse their power because having power over others makes them feel entitled to special treatment. This work identifies testosterone as a characteristic that contributes to the development of the socially toxic component of narcissism (Exploitative/Entitlement). It points to the possibility that structural positions of power and individual differences in narcissism may be mutually reinforcing, suggesting a vicious cycle with personal, relational, and societal implications.
Multiple case studies exploring integration of spirituality in undergraduate nursing education in England

Introduction: Difficulties persist in conceptualising spiritual needs and understanding their relationship to religious needs and wellbeing in healthcare and particularly in nursing education. This research was undertaken to explore approaches and challenges associated with this area in undergraduate nursing education in England. Methods/Methodology: Using a systematic approach, a literature review covering the period 1993-2017 was undertaken to explore potential issues and challenges reported. Applying case-study methodology, data were collected from three university nursing schools from different parts of England. Sources for data triangulation within schools included, curriculum review of undergraduate nursing courses, exploring the views of nursing educators through semi structured interviews and focus group studies with nursing students. Template analysis was used to identify themes in the data. Findings: Due to the module based curriculum, the integration of spirituality in nursing education appeared to be treated as a matter of personal choice and convenience rather than as an essential domain of teaching and learning practice in England. Owing to conceptual complexity, addressing religious needs was often considered to be synonymous with addressing spiritual care need. Factors were identified contributing to the difficulties in the issue of educating nurses in this area. These were: lack of clarity in curriculum documents; uncertainty as to how far nurses should address these issues and how far this was a specialist chaplaincy function; fear of being judged or rejected in a multicultural environment; and the dominance of disease-centred care. The participants voiced a desire for developing a shared understanding through developing a more explicit representation of spirituality in nursing education and the recognition of appropriate educational approaches in this area. Based on the findings of this study a learning framework is proposed; SOPHIE (Self-exploration through Ontological, Phenomenological, Humanistic, Ideological, and Existential expressions), to encourage self-awareness and reflexivity among nursing educators and students. SOPHIE aims to bring ontological authenticity and congruency to the forefront of nursing knowledge and practice. Conclusion: Constructing knowledge through ontological learning engagements among educators and students is essential to develop role clarity, authenticity and empowerment in understanding and addressing spiritual care needs. A multidisciplinary teaching approach integrating medical anthropology, humanistic psychology and existential phenomenology should be explored as a basis for an integrated nursing curriculum that could explore spirituality in its widest sense.
Related Causal Frameworks for Surrogate Outcomes

Summary Four major frameworks have been developed for evaluating surrogate markers in randomized trials: one based on conditional independence of observable variables, another based on direct and indirect effects, a third based on a meta‐analysis, and a fourth based on principal stratification. The first two of these fit into a paradigm we call the causal‐effects (CE) paradigm, in which, for a good surrogate, the effect of treatment on the surrogate, combined with the effect of the surrogate on the clinical outcome, allow prediction of the effect of the treatment on the clinical outcome. The last two approaches fall into the causal‐association (CA) paradigm, in which the effect of the treatment on the surrogate is associated with its effect on the clinical outcome. We consider the CE paradigm first, and consider identifying assumptions and some simple estimation procedures; we then consider the CA paradigm. We examine the relationships among these approaches and associated estimators. We perform a small simulation study to illustrate properties of the various estimators under different scenarios, and conclude with a discussion of the applicability of both paradigms.
Evidence for morphological and adaptive genetic divergence between lake and stream habitats in European minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus, Cyprinidae)

Natural selection drives local adaptation, potentially even at small temporal and spatial scales. As a result, adaptive genetic and phenotypic divergence can occur among populations living in different habitats. We investigated patterns of differentiation between contrasting lake and stream habitats in the cyprinid fish European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) at both the morphological and genomic levels using geometric morphometrics and AFLP markers, respectively. We also used a spatial correlative approach to identify AFLP loci associated with environmental variables representing potential selective forces responsible for adaptation to divergent habitats. Our results identified different morphologies between lakes and streams, with lake fish presenting a deeper body and caudal peduncle compared to stream fish. Body shape variation conformed to a priori predictions concerning biomechanics and swimming performance in lakes vs. streams. Moreover, morphological differentiation was found to be associated with several environmental variables, which could impose selection on body and caudal peduncle shape. We found adaptive genetic divergence between these contrasting habitats in the form of ‘outlier’ loci (2.9%) whose genetic divergence exceeded neutral expectations. We also detected additional loci (6.6%) not associated with habitat type (lake vs. stream), but contributing to genetic divergence between populations. Specific environmental variables related to trophic dynamics, landscape topography and geography were associated with several neutral and outlier loci. These results provide new insights into the morphological divergence and genetic basis of adaptation to differentiated habitats.
Eucalyptus foliar chemistry explains selective feeding by koalas

The koala is the quintessential specialist herbivore, feeding almost exclusively on Eucalyptus foliage. Consequently, the limitations imposed on the koala's diet by plant defences indicate the extent to which evolutionary adaptations allow mammalian herbivores to circumvent such defences. We tested whether a recently discovered group of plant secondary metabolites, the formylated phloroglucinol compounds (FPCs), deters koalas from feeding on some eucalypt foliage. We found that captive koalas ate less foliage in a single night from trees with high FPC concentrations. Individual trees also differ in the types of FPC they possess, but for a given eucalypt species, most FPCs were similarly effective deterrents. Two closely related and sympatric eucalypt species could be clearly separated by the amounts that koalas ate from each; however, this difference could not be explained by total FPC concentrations alone. We suggest, that in this case, the presence of a distinct type of FPC deters koala herbivory on the less palatable species, and may have facilitated the evolutionary divergence of these species. We conclude that plant defences probably play an important role in determining the distribution and abundance of koalas.
Host-Seeking and Blood-Feeding Behavior of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Exposed to Vapors of Geraniol, Citral, Citronellal, Eugenol, or Anisaldehyde

Abstract The changes of the host-seeking and blood-feeding behavior of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) surviving in a space containing vapors of the spatial repellents geraniol, eugenol, citral, anisaldehyde, or citronellal were evaluated using an arm-in-cage test and a bioassay of bloodmeals on a shaved mouse. The mosquitoes surviving concentrations of geraniol, citral, eugenol, or anisaldehyde at 0.013, 0.025, 0.050, 0.100, and 0.250 μg/cm3 for 24 and 48 h all showed different degrees of reduction in host-seeking ability. After 48 h of exposure to 0.250 μg/cm3 geraniol, almost 100% of the mosquitoes lost their host-seeking ability. The next most potent spatial repellent, anisaldehyde, stopped host seeking by >85.5%. Citronellal did not result in a significant reduction in the host-seeking ability at any concentration level after either 24 or 48 h of treatment. We also found that reduction of host-seeking ability recovered after various times. The longest recovery time (144 h) was observed for geraniol after 24 h at 0.250 μg/cm3. In the study, geraniol, eugenol, and citral all significantly affected the activation and orientation stages of the blood-feeding behavior. However, only anisaldehyde significantly interrupted the normal blood-feeding of mosquitoes in all stages of behavior. These initial laboratory results clearly showed that anisaldehyde and geraniol could be promising spatial repellents against Ae. albopictus that they could play a major role in new repellent technology.
The impact of student employment on student involvement

Stefanie Anderson THE IMPACT OF STUDENT EMPLOYMENT ON STUDENT INVOLVEMENT 2008/09 Dr. Burton R. Sisco Master of Arts in Higher Education Administration The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of student employment on student involvement. The study also assessed the difference in levels of involvement between those students who worked on-campus verse off-campus and assessed the impact of demographic factors on levels of student engagement. The subjects in this study were 223 students at Rowan University during the 2008-2009 academic year. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and information from the 2008 fall semester, such as GPA and number of credits taken. The survey also provided information on participation in activities at Rowan University and data concerning paid employment (i.e. location of employment and hours spent working per week). The results of this study generally confirm the findings that the impact of paid employment on student involvement is neutral. However, location of the employment was found to have some effect on the degree of involvement in specific activities. Data analysis also found a statistically significant negative correlation between GPA and tutored or taught other students, residence hall activities, and group exercise classes offered at the REC.
Helminths and heavy metals in soils from a dumpsite in Ibadan city, Nigeria

Summary Waste generation is inevitable because humans continue to generate waste due to increase in population, urbanization and advancement in technology. This generation of waste is of public health concern especially when the waste materials are deposited on dumpsites. This study assessed the helminths and heavy metal content of Awotan dumpsite in Ibadan city. Surface soils (0-15cm depth) of the dumpsite were randomly sampled at different dumpsite areas with the aid of a quadrat. Helminth content was determined using the zinc floatation method and the heavy metal concentrations of the soil were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Some physicochemical properties of the soil were also determined. Results showed that the dumpsite soil was slightly alkaline with an average pH of 8.1 ± 0.2 while the overall mean electrical conductivity, temperature, moisture content and height above sea level were 545.9 ± 235. 3μS/cm, 32.6 ± 2.2oC, 17.2 ± 4.8 % and 236±4.6 m respectively. The overall prevalence of soil helminths was 10.4% with Ascaris lumbricoides being more prevalent (8.8%). The heavy metal concentration of the soil followed the trend Pb (709.7± 1574.9mg/g) > Cu (316 ± 227.1mg/g) > Cr (48.8 ± 17.7mg/g) > Cd (9.7 ± 10.9mg/g). There was a low overall prevalence of soil helminths. However, the heavy metal concentrations exceeded USEPA permissible limits providing a possible source for underground water contamination in residential areas around the dumpsite. Human settlements close to the dumpsite should be discouraged by the government.
Association of Kidney Graft Loss With De Novo Produced Donor-Specific and Non-Donor-Specific HLA Antibodies Detected by Single Antigen Testing

Background The association of donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) with kidney graft failure has been addressed previously; however, the majority of studies were based on small numbers of patients with graft failure. Methods We investigated 83 patients with failed kidney transplants for a possible association of de novo development and persistence or loss of pre-existing DSA with graft failure. Single Antigen Bead assay-detected DSA and non-DSA antibodies were compared between patients with graft loss and matched controls with functioning grafts. Results The incidence of weak de novo DSA or non-DSA at a mean fluorescence intensity of 500 or higher was higher in the graft loss than in the nonrejector group (76% vs 40%, P < 0.001). Because of the low number of patients developing de novo DSA, the DSA results did not reach statistical significance (only 22% of patients with graft loss developed de novo DSA). However, at all cutoffs, there was a significantly higher rate of graft loss in patients with de novo non-DSA. The incidence of strong pretransplant DSA that persist after transplantation was higher in the graft loss group (10% vs 1%, P = 0.034). When C1q-binding ability in sera of rejectors and nonrejectors with posttransplant de novo or persistent DSA was compared, none of the nonrejectors demonstrated C1q positivity, whereas 43% of patients with graft loss showed C1q-positive antibodies, although not necessarily donor-specific (P < 0.001). Conclusions Our data show that the posttransplant presence of persisting or de novo HLA antibodies, especially if C1q binding, is associated with graft loss, even if the antibodies are not specific for mismatched donor HLA.