Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Functional Involvement Affects the Transformation of External Knowledge into Innovation Outcomes

This paper aims at investigating organizational mechanisms through which firms involved in open innovation initiatives can acquire external knowledge, integrate it with the existing one residing in the diverse functional areas, and transform it into innovation outcomes. Following the knowledge transformation perspective, we use the notions of early-stage and late-stage functional involvement, and explain their mediating effects on a firm's innovation performance. Based on a sample of 131 international firms involved in open innovation projects, we find that high involvement of functions related to the early stage of the innovation process – notably new concept generation, research and development, and design and testing – fully mediates the effect of external knowledge transfer on innovation performance. Similarly, high involvement of functions related to the late stage of the innovation process – notably manufacturing, marketing, distribution, and logistics – has significant indirect effect on innovation performance but lower than that of early-stage functional involvement. Furthermore, the empirical research reveals that early-stage functional involvement mediates the positive effect of external knowledge transfer on late-stage functional involvement. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.
Specific interaction between the hepatitis delta virus RNA and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase: an enhancement on ribozyme catalysis.

Replication of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA occurs in the nuclei of infected cells. The replication is mediated by cellular factors containing an RNA polymerase II-like enzyme activity through a double rolling-circle mechanism and is regulated by delta antigens. In this study, UV cross-linking experiments were carried out to examine interactions between HDV RNA and proteins present in HeLa nuclear extract. Cellular proteins with molecular mass of 23 (p23), 36 (p36), 38 (p38), and 58 (p58) kDa bound to full-length HDV RNA of both genomic and antigenomic strands. Deletion analysis on the antigenomic strand mapped the interacting domain within a 79-nucleotide fragment but not at the ends of the rod-shaped viral RNA structure. The specificity of the RNA-protein interactions was demonstrated by competition experiments and the specific HDV RNA-binding proteins were purified through column chromatography. Electrophoresis mobility shift assay with the purified fractions demonstrated that the interaction between p36 and HDV RNA was relatively stable even in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl. Biochemical analysis including protein microsequencing identified the p36 as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). RNase footprinting indicated that the UC-rich domain between nucleotides 379 and 414 of the HDV antigenomic RNA was involved in the GAPDH binding. Functional studies further demonstrated an enhancing effect of GAPDH on the ribozyme activity of HDV antigenomic RNA. In addition, in the presence of HDV RNA cellular GAPDH relocalized from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where HDV replication occurs. These results suggest that GAPDH is involved in the replication of HDV.
A return to harmful alcohol consumption impacts on portal hemodynamic changes following alcoholic hepatitis

Background Increased hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) plays a role in the clinical manifestations of alcoholic hepatitis (AH). The evolution of HVPG and the influence of alcohol use in the intermediate term are unclear. Aim The aim of this study was to explore HVPG modifications following AH taking into consideration alcohol use and clinical manifestations. Patients and methods Patients with AH (n=37; age 52 years; model for end-stage liver disease: 18.5; Maddrey score: 43) and chronic excessive drinkers with compensated cirrhosis (n=19; age: 54 years; model for end-stage liver disease: 9.2) underwent HVPG measurement and liver biopsy. Ten long-standing abstinent alcoholic cirrhotics served as controls. After discharge, patients were monitored for alcohol use and clinical complications, with repeated HVPG after a median duration of 100 days. Inflammation was determined using plasma C-reactive protein. Results At baseline, compared with chronic excessive drinkers and alcoholic cirrhotics, patients with AH had increased HVPG (18.1±0.6 vs. 13.8±1.4 vs. 15±1.3 mmHg, P<0.05). During follow-up, patients who became abstinent or reported occasional drinking were more likely to achieve a greater than 20% reduction in HVPG compared with those returning to harmful alcohol (45 vs. 0%, P<0.01), and suffered from fewer complications (25 vs. 68%, P<0.03). High baseline C-reactive protein levels correlated to the Maddrey (r=0.38), but no relationship was observed between changes in inflammation and HVPG. Conclusion Elevated HVPG is a feature of AH, with a clinically significant reduction in values in abstinent or occasional drinkers after weeks of follow-up. A return to harmful alcohol has a negative impact on portal hemodynamics and associated clinical complications.
Farming in childhood, diet in adulthood and asthma history

The decrease in the number of children living on traditional farms in France during early childhood and changes in diet could both play a role in the increase in asthma prevalence over the last decades. This study aimed to assess 1) the association of farming lifestyle in childhood and asthma, and 2) whether diet in adulthood modifies the association between farming lifestyle in childhood and adult-onset asthma. In the French Etude Epidemiologique des Femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (E3N) study (54,018 females; age 43–68 yrs), three indicators of farming lifestyle were defined: one using individual data (having farmer parents) and two using ecological data (born in a rural area and exposure to cattle). All farming lifestyle indicators were related to childhood- (<16 yrs) and adult-onset asthma (OR (95% CI) values for farmer parents were 0.54 (0.42–0.70) and 0.72 (0.62–0.84), respectively), and to diet in adulthood, in particular to high fruit and low wine intakes. The association between farmer parents and adult-onset asthma was not modified by diet in adulthood. Results extend previous observations in younger cohorts on the protective role of contact with livestock and farming lifestyle on asthma, in particular during childhood.
Determinants of plasma apolipoprotein A‐V and APOA5 gene transcripts in humans

Objective. Apolipoprotein A‐V (apoAV) contributes to the regulation of triglyceride metabolism, which plays a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic diseases. We therefore ascertained determinants of hepatic APOA5 transcript and apoAV plasma levels in humans.
Differences and variability in plasma noradrenaline between depressive and anxiety disorders

Plasma noradrenaline (NA) levels were compared between two groups of patients with major depressive disorder (melancholic/psychotic and non-melancholic), patients with general anxiety disorders and healthy controls. The melancholic/psychotic depressed group had the highest plasma NA levels. This only reached statistical significance with respect to the control group. Within the depressed group, there was no association between plasma NA levels and age, weight loss, ratings of depression, anxiety or plasma cortisol levels. Variance of plasma NA was greatest in the melancholic/psychotic depressed group. A review of previous studies shows an association between raised plasma NA, depressive illness and alterations in NA variance. This association may be limited to melancholic/psychotic depressed patients. The above findings support a dysregulated noradrenergic system in depressive illness.
Cyclic Changes of Vitamin D and PTH are Primarily Regulated by Solar Radiation: 5-Year Analysis of a German (50° N) Population

Cutaneous vitamin D precursor production depends on UV-exposure and is ineffective in most regions above latitudes of 50 degrees in winter. We hypothesized whether the cyclic course of vitamin D levels can be modelled with sunshine duration and would affect parathyroid hormone concentrations, but not calcium in a large patient population. We investigated 13330 blood samples from 6099 in- and out patients for 25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, PTH, and total Ca in Frankfurt, Germany over 6.5 years. Vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D3 <10 ng/ml] was found in 12.23% and vitamin D insufficiency [25(OH)D3 <20 ng/ml] in 40.62% of all the blood samples and more frequently during winter. We observed a significant difference between men and women, children and adults, migrants and local residents. Cycling of the curve was significantly related to Julian day for 25(OH)D3 and parathyroid hormone (PTH), but not for 1,25(OH)2D3 and Ca. The peak concentration of 25(OH)D3 was found at Aug 16th and correlated well with the length of day whereas PTH is inversely related with 25(OH)D (3). Seasonal cycling of 25(OH)D3-levels correlated significantly with Julian Day and inversely with PTH. This tight feed back ensures stable Ca concentrations within narrow limits. We conclude that changes in vitamin D levels are mainly regulated by solar radiation and to a lesser degree by other factors such as nutrition.
Some coronary risk factors related to the insulin resistance syndrome and treatment with gemfibrozil. Experience from the Helsinki Heart Study.

BACKGROUND Coronary risk factors related to the insulin resistance syndrome tend to cluster in the same individual. Our previous studies have shown that the dyslipidemia characteristic of this syndrome--low HDL cholesterol and high triglyceride (TG) levels--responds well to treatment with gemfibrozil. Most factors related to insulin-resistance syndrome decrease fibrinolytic capacity, whereas a recent study showed that gemfibrozil improves it and thus may attenuate thrombotic events. To discover whether subjects with clustering of factors related to this resistance might in particular benefit from gemfibrozil, we reanalyzed the Helsinki Heart Study data. METHODS AND RESULTS We used Cox regression models to explore the effects of gemfibrozil among overweight subjects with additional coronary risk factors in this hypercholesterolemic male population of 2046 subjects randomized to gemfibrozil and 2035 to placebo. The effect of gemfibrozil was largely confined to overweight subjects: among those with body mass index (BMI) > 26 kg/m2, the net difference in cardiac end points between gemfibrozil and placebo groups was 21 (25 of 1119 versus 46 of 1081), and in those with BMI < or = 26 kg/m2, it was 7 (31 of 927 versus 38 of 954). The risk reduction with gemfibrozil was 78% (P = .002) among those with BMI > 26 kg/m2 and dyslipidemia (TG > or = 2.3 mmol/L and HDL cholesterol < 1.08 mmol/L). Among those with BMI > 26 kg/m2 and three or four of the following factors present--smoking, sedentary lifestyle, blood pressure > or = 140/90 mm Hg, or blood glucose > 4.4 mmol/L--the risk reduction was 68% (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Gemfibrozil reduced the coronary risk mainly in overweight subjects with additional risk factors known to contribute to the insulin-resistance syndrome or predispose to it.
Fama- French Five-factor model: Evidence from Viet Nam

Fama and French (2015a) introduce new asset pricing model with five factors that captures profitability and investment patterns, in addition to traditional size and value characteristics (Fama and French, 1993). We document evidence that the Fama-French five-factor model (2015a) can explain more asset-pricing anomalies than traditional CAPM and the three-factor model (Fama and French, 1993) and show that importance of the value factor is not lessened by inclusion of the profitability and investment factors in the Vietnamese stock market. We also discover that in Vietnam where the government owns large stake in major large listed companies, traditional asset pricing models fail to capture average returns on state-owned enterprises (SOE).
Polyoma virus-specific RNA synthesis in an inducible line of polyoma virus-transformed rat cells

Viral RNA present in the inducible LPT clone 1A of polyoma virus-transformed rat cells was characterized before and after mitomycin C induction by hybridization with 32P-labeled separated E and L strands of polyoma viral DNA restriction endonuclease fragments. In clone 1A cells maintained under normal growth conditions, the cytoplasm contained a transcript of the E-strand DNA from the "early" region similar to that previously identified in lytically infected cells, as well as minor quantities of RNA complementary to less than one-half of the L- and the E-strand DNA from the "late" region. Nuclei of normally growing cells contained the same species found in the cytoplasm, as well as an additional abundant RNA complementary to one-half of the L-strand DNA of the late region. No significant changes occurred in the cytoplasmic viral RNA after mitomycin C treatment before the onset of viral DNA replication, but the concentration of the nuclear L-strand DNA transcript diminished. After the onset of viral DNA replication after mitomycin C treatment, transcripts of virtually the entire L-strand DNA were found in the nuclei, and a 10-fold increase was observed in the abundance of RNA transcribed from the E strand of the early region. In the cytoplasm, the abundance of the early RNA increased about 25-fold and late RNA complementary to the L-strand DNA of the late region was found in a similar quantity. The synthesis of both the early and the late RNA species was inhibited if viral DNA replication was blocked with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine. We conclude that the induction of viral DNA replication in LPT cells is not determined at the level of mRNA synthesis.
A Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of a Nurse Navigator Programme on outcomes of people with breast cancer: study protocol

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of a Nurse Navigator Programme on anxiety, psychological distress and quality of life in people with breast cancer. BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most frequently detected malignancy and a major cause of cancer death among women around the world. The lengthy course of illness from initial diagnosis to treatment and subsequent follow-up causes deterioration in physical, psychological and social status among patients. Nurses have a major role in cancer care. As women with breast cancer have to undergo various treatment modalities, continued care by a pivot nurse is thought to enhance treatment adherence. Limited studies have been reported from developing countries on Nurse Navigation Programmes. DESIGN A Stratified Randomized controlled trial with repeated measures. METHODS One hundred and twenty newly diagnosed women with breast cancer admitted to surgery wards of a tertiary care hospital in South India will be recruited. (Project funded in Octo"ber 2014). Women are randomly allocated to a control and intervention group. The outcome variables are anxiety, psychological distress and quality of life. Data on outcome measures will be collected at five different time points: before surgery, at discharge, beginning of adjuvant therapy, middle of adjuvant therapy and at the end of adjuvant therapy. DISCUSSION This study may give evidence on the effectiveness of a Nurse Navigator Programme for women with breast cancer. If significant effects were detected, the programme could be integrated into hospital services to improve the patient care.
Accurate Monte Carlo simulations for nozzle design, commissioning and quality assurance for a proton radiation therapy facility.

Monte Carlo dosimetry calculations are essential methods in radiation therapy. To take full advantage of this tool, the beam delivery system has to be simulated in detail and the initial beam parameters have to be known accurately. The modeling of the beam delivery system itself opens various areas where Monte Carlo calculations prove extremely helpful, such as for design and commissioning of a therapy facility as well as for quality assurance verification. The gantry treatment nozzles at the Northeast Proton Therapy Center (NPTC) at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) were modeled in detail using the GEANT4.5. 2 Monte Carlo code. For this purpose, various novel solutions for simulating irregular shaped objects in the beam path, like contoured scatterers, patient apertures or patient compensators, were found. The four-dimensional, in time and space, simulation of moving parts, such as the modulator wheel, was implemented. Further, the appropriate physics models and cross sections for proton therapy applications were defined. We present comparisons between measured data and simulations. These show that by modeling the treatment nozzle with millimeter accuracy, it is possible to reproduce measured dose distributions with an accuracy in range and modulation width, in the case of a spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP), of better than 1 mm. The excellent agreement demonstrates that the simulations can even be used to generate beam data for commissioning treatment planning systems. The Monte Carlo nozzle model was used to study mechanical optimization in terms of scattered radiation and secondary radiation in the design of the nozzles. We present simulations on the neutron background. Further, the Monte Carlo calculations supported commissioning efforts in understanding the sensitivity of beam characteristics and how these influence the dose delivered. We present the sensitivity of dose distributions in water with respect to various beam parameters and geometrical misalignments. This allows the definition of tolerances for quality assurance and the design of quality assurance procedures.
Introduction of Aedes albopictus into a La Crosse virus--enzootic site in Illinois.

In late summer and fall 1997, Aedes albopictus mosquitoes were found in Peoria, Illinois, a long recognized focus of La Crosse virus transmission. Larvae were found in tires and other artificial containers, biting adults were recovered, and eggs were collected in oviposition traps within a 25-ha area. One chipmunk trapped < 0.25 km from the infested area tested positive for neutralizing antibodies against La Crosse virus.
Structure of the ternary signaling complex of a TGF-β superfamily member

The crystal structure of the complete signaling complex formed between bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and the extracellular domains (ECDs) of its type I receptor [bone morphogenetic protein receptor type Ia (BMPR-Ia)-ECD] and its type II receptor [activin receptor type II (ActRII)-ECD] shows two fundamental structural constraints for receptor assembly. First, the homodimeric BMP-2 ligand assembles two pairs of each receptor symmetrically, where each of the receptor ECDs does not make physical contact. Therefore, conformational communication between receptor ECDs, if any, should be propagated through the central ligand. Second, the type I and II receptor interfaces of the complex, when compared with those of binary complexes such as BMP-2/BMPR Ia–ECD, BMP-7/ActRII-ECD, and activin/ActRIIb-ECD, respectively, show there are common sets of positions repeatedly used by both ligands and receptors. Therefore, specificity-determining amino acid differences at the receptor interfaces should also account for the disparity in affinity of individual receptors for different ligand subunits. We find that a specific mutation to BMP-2 increases its affinity to ActRII-ECD by 5-fold. These results together establish that the specific signaling output is largely determined by two variables, the ligand–receptor pair identity and the mode of cooperative assembly of relevant receptors governed by the ligand flexibility in a membrane-restricted manner.
Analytical Research Topics in Sport Management

The field of sport management has grown tremendously as an academic discipline. Researchers have continuously discussed the scope and direction of research and the importance of the diversity of research design. There have been a significant number of studies examining the scope and direction of research over the past few decades such as: the lack of diversity in methodology; the lack of diversity in research focus; the lack of importance of power analysis; and the lack of diversity in topic areas. Embracing a variety of research designs is an absolutely necessary condition for the growth and credibility of sport management as an academic discipline. Therefore, the overarching goal of this dissertation was to provide sport management researchers with the diversity of research designs useful for helping them deal with different types of data. The purpose of three analytical studies outlined in this dissertation was as follows: (1) to examine the influence athletic performance has on the elements of source credibility and the causal relationships among consumers’ brand attitude, attitude toward the advertisement, and purchase intentions; (2) to examine whether the hypothesized model, indicating the relationship between the dimensions of service quality and the assessment of service quality, fits the data adequately; (3) to examine whether the variation in athletic giving crowds out academic giving. Researchers in the field of sport management should have a comprehensive understanding of the various research methods to enhance scholarship in sport management as they rely heavily on empirical data based research. It is clear that experimental and longitudinal research is a formidable methodological challenge and which is why the current study addresses how scholars can integrate experimental and longitudinal research to examine relationships that have been elusive in past research efforts. This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. Dissertation Director: _______________________________________ Dr. Stephen W. Dittmore Dissertation Committee: _______________________________________ Dr. Bart J. Hammig _______________________________________ Dr. Steve Langsner _______________________________________ Dr. Joon Jin Song DISSERTATION DUPLICATION RELEASE I hereby authorize the University of Arkansas Libraries to duplicate this dissertation when needed for research and/or scholarship. Agreed __________________________________________ Gi-Yong Koo Refused __________________________________________ Gi-Yong Koo
Psychosocial Stages and Quality of Life of Women With Breast Cancer

&NA; Certain issues are universal for all women with breast cancer, irrespective of age, ethnic group, or stage of disease. Yet, along with common concerns, experiences, and anxieties, each woman may encounter a unique set of problems. Ultimately, each woman's adaptation and choices will be strongly influenced by her personal history, her psychosocial stage, and her life‐cycle concerns. Changes in the criteria norms for the psychosocial stages of women's lives and their subsequent influence on quality of life are issues that have substantial implications for nursing and other healthcare professions. Younger and older women have different needs, concerns, and quality of life issues in a context of psychosocial life stages that have changed significantly across the post‐World War II generations. The experience of breast cancer is perceived differently by women of distinct psychosocial life stages. At each critical life stage, the unique emerging problems require specific psychosocial supports that can reduce or avert the ensuing emotional distress. The planning and implementation of care must be tailored to address the differences demonstrated by age and psychosocial life stage, and to enhance quality of life outcomes for survivors of breast cancer, both young and old.