Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Static and Dynamic Aging on Fatigue Behavior of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu Solder Alloy

Li, Yiran M.S.M.E. , Purdue University, August 2016. The Effect of Static and Dynamic Aging on Fatigue Behavior of Sn3.0Ag0. 5Cu Solder Alloy. Major Professor: Ganesh Subbarayan, School of Mechanical Engineering. In microelectronic assemblies, solder joints serve as interconnection between different packaging levels and are an important cause for the failure of microelectronic products. Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloys became important after lead-based solder alloys were caused to be discarded by regulations in European Union and Japan. However, the constitutive behavior of Sn-Ag-Cu alloys is not as well understood as lead-based solder alloys, and many studies confirm the aging of these alloys with time. The aging of Sn-Ag-Cu alloys and its effect on mechanical behavior challenges the reliability prediction of microelectronic assemblies. In this study, the effect of pretest isothermal aging and in-test aging on the fatigue behavior of Sn3.0Ag0. 5Cu alloy are examined using the microstructurally adaptive creep model (MACM) and the maximum entropy fracture model (MEFM). In this thesis, first, the development of microstructurally adaptive creep model is reviewed. Compared to traditional constitutive models, this model considers the effect of thermal history. Two microstructural parameters, the average Ag3Sn particles size and the average primary-Sn cell size are identified as critical parameters and incorporated into a modified Dorn creep form, which can describe both climb-controlled and glide-controlled dislocation motions. Next, the maximum entropy fracture model is discussed and compared to traditional fatigue fracture models. The MEFM utilizes the damage accumulation parameter kψ, which connects the accumulated damage to the accumulated inelastic dissipation. This parameter is independent of sample geometry, test temperature and strain rate.
Two-dimensional Time-resolved Breathing Mode Plasma Fluctuation Variation with Hall Thruster Discharge Settings

Planar measurements of nearand far-field plume-plasma fluctuations are cataloged for Hall thruster anode operation between 200 V and 400 V, with discharge currents of 1.5-A, 2A, and 3-A. Single-point temporally resolved electron density, electron temperature, and plasma potential data are acquired by means of an electrostatic High-speed Dual Langmuir Probe (HDLP) system at 100 kHz. The observed rate of the Hall Thruster breathing mode increases from 18 kHz to 46 kHz with increasing discharge voltage at roughly 156 kHz/kV, while only 2.4 kHz/A raises are observed at larger discharge currents. Plasma oscillations from the breathing mode are strongest at the lowest anode voltage of 200 V where peak-topeak amplitudes in excess of 90% of the mean are measured in the thruster discharge current and plasma property signals. Two-dimensional time-resolved contour maps of the plasma properties appear qualitatively similar for all operational settings, exhibiting a large burst of denser plasma emitted during each breathing mode cycle. Plasma property magnitudes quantitatively vary in approximate proportion to the discharge settings, e.g. electron density increasing by 39% in nearly direct proportion with the discharge current raising from 1.54 A to 2.06 A, and average ion transit speeds almost doubling (10.4 km/s up to 17.4 km/s) as the discharge voltage climbs from 200 V to 400 V. While these measurements represent the first detailed investigation of the breathing mode behavior within the downstream plume of a Hall thruster, they agree well with prior numerical simulation works (inclusive of dynamic effects) and, in a time-averaged manner, with independent performance measurements (where measured Isp data match measured ion speed data). Permeance of large amplitude plasma oscillations into the nearand far-field plume was observed at all thruster settings suggesting the importance of the breathing mode in the discharge process. These measurements provide strong evidence for the existence of turbulent transport and increased (often labeled "anomalous" or "cross-field") electron mobility as a result of the Hall thruster breathing mode.
Complex representations of matrix semigroups

Let M be a finite monoid of Lie type (these are the finite analogues of linear algebraic monoids) with group of units G. The multiplicative semigroup . 4 (F) , where F is a finite field, is a particular example. Using HarishChandra's theory of cuspidal representations of finite groups of Lie type, we show that every complex representation of M is completely reducible. Using this we characterize the representations of G extending to irreducible representations of M as being those induced from the irreducible representations of certain parabolic subgroups of G. We go on to show that if F is any field and S any multiplicative subsemigroup of . 4 (F) , then the semigroup algebra of S over any field of characteristic zero has nilpotent Jacobson radical. If S = . 4 (F) , then this algebra is Jacobson semisimple. Finally we show that the semigroup algebra of . 4 (F) over a field of characteristic zero is regular if and only if ch(F) = p > 0 and F is algebraic over its prime field.
Phonological facilitation of grammatical gender retrieval

In Dutch, the gender of nouns is marked by the definite articles de (common gender) and het (neuter gender). Most models of language production assume that gender information is retrieved via the noun's syntactic representation (or lemma). The authors test Caramazza's (1997) alternative proposal, according to which gender information is retrieved via the noun's phonological word form (or lexeme). In three picture-word experiments, which differed in the tasks to be performed (noun production, article+noun production, article production, and gender decision), clear phonological effects were obtained in tasks involving the retrieval of the noun's gender information. It is argued that traditional models of language production have difficulty in accounting for the occurrence and/or the size of these effects whereas they follow quite naturally from Caramazza's (1997) Independent Network model.
Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Improved Seedling Growth and Quality of Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L . )

This study was conducted to determine the effects of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria strains on seedling growth and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Bacillus pumilis and Alcaligenes piechaudii strains were used as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The PGPR strains were applied as seed and/or drench treatments. Results showed that PGPR treatments as seed and drench significantly affected the seedling height, stem diameter, leaf number, cotyledon diameter, leaf area, and shoot and root weight when compared with control. As a result, based on the results of the experiment reported herein, the use of rhizobacteria treatments may provide a means of improving seedling growth and quality in
The tension field of the Gauss map

In this paper it is shown that the tension field of the Gauss map can be identified with the covariant derivative of the mean curvature vector field. Since a map with vanishing tension field is called harmonic the following theorem is obtained as a corollary. The Gauss map of a minimal submanifold is harmonic.
Numerical simulations of rear point‐contacted solar cells on 2.2 Ωcm p‐type c‐Si substrates

Rear surface of high‐efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells is based on a combination of dielectric passivation and point‐like contacts. In this work, we develop a 3D model for these devices based on 2.2 Ωcm p‐type crystalline silicon substrates. We validate the model by comparison with experimental results allowing us to determine an optimum design for the rear pattern. Additionally, the 3D model results are compared with the ones deduced from a simpler and widely used 1D model. Although the maximum efficiency predicted by both models is approximately the same, large deviations are observed in open‐circuit voltage and fill factor. 1D simulations overestimate open‐circuit voltage because Dember and electrochemical potential drops are not taken into account. On the contrary, fill factor is underestimated because of higher ohmic losses along the base when 1D analytical model is used. These deviations are larger for relatively low‐doped substrates, as the ones used in the experimental samples reported hereby, and poor passivated contacts. As a result, 1D models could mislead to too short optimum rear contact spacing. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioactivity of some indigenous plants for the control of hadda beetle , Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata infesting brinjal

The present study was conducted to find out natural and cheaper source for the control of brinjal pest, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, by the extraction of locally available plants. All the extracts prepared from different parts of the plants proved efficacious when first instar larvae were fed on leaves treated with 1.0% concentration and gave 80.0 to 93.3% larval mortality as against 6.7 ± 6.7% in control set. Flower extract of Eucalyptus globulus at 0.5% and seed extract of Nerium indicum at 0.2% increased total developmental period to 22.5 ± 1.5 and 22.7 ± 0.6 days respectively as compared to control in which larvae took 20.2 days to complete their development. The highest concentration (1.0%) of all the extracts also showed drastic effect on adult emergence while some abnormal adults with deformed wings, elytra and appendages were also observed in lower concentrations of N. indicum and E. globulus extracts. The LC50 values of these plant extracts also been calculated to compare their efficacy. The results show the insecticidal potentiality of N. indicum and E. globulus in the control of brinjal pest.
The Effects of Seductive Details and Segmentation on Interest, Recall and Transfer in a Multimedia Learning Environment

Multimedia learning theory, and the research that has supported it, is largely focused on the cognitive elements of learning. Although motivation has been mentioned as a factor in learning in a multimedia environment, motivation has not been measured as a distinctive variable in most studies. Specific attributes of multimedia, including seductive details and segmentation, have been hypothesized to increase interest; however, only studies examining these attributes’ effects on learning (measured by recall and transfer) have been conducted. The present study aimed to extend the examination of the use of seductive details and segmentation in multimedia learning by measuring interest in addition to recall and transfer. The participants were 167 undergraduate students who were randomly assigned to four treatment groups involving a tutorial on the formation of lightning, which differed according to the multimedia attributes featured in the tutorial. Treatment groups included seductive details and segmentation (SD+S), seductive details and no segmentation (SD+NS), no seductive details and segmentation (NSD+S), and no seductive details and no segmentation (NSD+NS). Participants took an interest questionnaire before engaging with the tutorial and immediately following the tutorial. Tests of recall and transfer were used to measure learning after the tutorial. Two trained raters evaluated responses. Data from the study were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and correlation procedures. The results of the study revealed no significant differences among treatment groups in regards to interest, recall, or transfer. There was no significant relationship between interest and recall or interest and transfer. Although the results did not provide support for existing literature on seductive details and segmentation effects or reveal that these attributes increase interest, the implications of the findings present several valuable areas for future research.
Hand Hygiene Facilities in the Clinical Laboratories of a Tertiary Health Facility in a Lassa Fever Endemic Country

Hand hygiene is a general term referring to any action of hand cleansing. It basically includes hand washing and hand rubbing. It is considered the most important simple measure for preventing the spread of pathogens generally and particularly in health-care setting. The objective of the survey was to evaluate the availability and accessibility of hand hygiene facilities in the clinical laboratories of a tertiary health facility in south west Nigeria. A previously used survey checklist assessing the condition of sink and other hand hygiene facilities in a health care setting was further modified and employed for data collection. Descriptive data analysis was done by calculating the frequencies. There were sixteen sinks in the laboratories where the survey was conducted. All the sixteen sinks were accessible to the users and were physically intact. Four (25%) of the sinks had damaged draining pipes. Half of the sinks had hand-held faucet. There was no sink with automated faucet. None of the faucets had water flowing when turned on at the time of the survey. Also, none had water flowed through it in the past 72 hours prior the survey according to users’ interview. Soap was available in only 6 (37.5%) of the sinks and there was no hand rub/ hand disinfectant or hand drying materials available. The survey has shown that there was a gross lack of hand hygiene facilities in the clinical laboratories of the tertiary health facility. There is an urgent need for critical stakeholders in the health sector to give policy and financial priority to provision of adequate modern hand hygiene facilities in all health care settings.
Weather and Individual Happiness

This paper investigates the influence of weather on happiness. While previous studies have examined climatic influence by comparing the well-being of people living in different regions, this paper focuses on how daily changes in weather affect individuals living in a single location. Our data set consists of 516 days of data on 75 students from Osaka University. Daily information on outside events, as well as the daily physical condition and individual characteristics of the respondents, are used as controls. Subjective happiness is negatively related to temperature and humidity. In a quadratic model, happiness is maximized at 13.9 degrees Celsius. The effects of other meteorological variables \wind speed and precipitation \are not significant. The sensitivity of happiness to temperature also depends on attributes such as sex, age, and academic department. Happiness is more strongly affected by current weather conditions than average weather over the day. While sadness and depression (negative affect) are affected by weather in a similar way to happiness, enjoyment (positive affect) behaves somewhat differently.
The Effects of Emotional Arousal on False Recognition in Alexithymia

THE EFFECTS OF EMOTIONAL AROUSAL ON FALSE RECOGNITION IN ALEXITHMIYA Anthony N. Correro II, B.S. Marquette University, 2015 Alexithymia is a personality trait characterized by difficulties identifying feelings, difficulties describing feelings, and an externally oriented thinking style (EOT). Further, individuals with alexithymia experience chronic physiological arousal. Prior research has shown that non-clinical participants with alexithymic traits cannot subjectively recognize increased arousal in response to viewing an arousing video. Yet, these individuals will still experience physiological arousal and will still have arousal-induced memory modulation. No studies to date have examined arousal effects on false memory in alexithymia. The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm examines false memory by introducing words associated with a non-presented ‘theme’ word (i.e., critical lure) as memoranda, which typically causes the lures to be remembered as frequently as studied words. Our prior work with non-alexithymic groups has shown enhanced veridical memory and reduced false memory when arousal is induced after learning (i.e., during memory consolidation). Thus, 130 subjects studied and recalled six DRM lists and then watched a 3-min arousing (n = 61) or neutral (n = 69) video. Recognition was tested 70 min later. A median split was utilized to separate participants into high and low alexithymia groups based on Toronto Alexithymia Scale – 20 (TAS-20) scores. Arousal was expected to interact with alexithymia in such a way to allow individuals with high alexithymia to overcome their EOT. Arousal enhanced conservative responding for studied words relative to all foils, including critical lures and ‘weak associates. ’ Alexithymia did not impact overall memory performance, but low alexithymia increased confident remembering and high alexithymia increased familiarity processes. Individuals with high alexithymia were more sensitive to both strong and weak false information (critical lures and weak associates, respectively). Arousal was expected to overcome these memory deficits in alexithymia. No direct evidence for an “overcoming” interaction between arousal and alexithymia was found. However, post hoc analyses of alexithymia clusters did support various mechanisms of arousal “overcoming” misinformation.
THE RELATION AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS’ ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE, ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST, AND MOBBING ATTITUDES BASED ON THE PERCEPTIONS OF SUBSTITUTE TEACHERS

The goal of this study was to determine the level of organizational justice, organizational trust, and mobbing behaviors of primary school administrators based on the perceptions of substitute teachers. The participants of the study were selected using layered sampling method and included 502 substitute teachers studying to receive their teaching certificates in pedagogical proficiency classes at Bulent Ecevit University in Zonguldak. There were three instruments in the study: Organizational Justice Scale, Organizational Trust Scale, and Negative Acts Questionnaire. The data were analyzed according to the research questions using independent samples t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson’s correlation and simple linear regression analysis. The findings showed that based on the genders of substitute teachers, there was a significant difference only on organizational justice behaviors of primary school administrators. Based on the years of experience of substitute teachers, there were significant differences on organizational justice and mobbing behaviors of primary school administrators. The results also showed that there was a negative and a significant relationship between organizational trust and mobbing behaviors at a lower rate.
The effect of house prices on fertility: evidence from Canada

Abstract Persistent house price increases are a likely candidate for consideration in fertility decisions. Theoretically, higher housing prices will cause renters to desire fewer additional children, but home owners to desire more children if they already have sufficient housing and low substitution between children and other “goods”, and fewer children otherwise. In this paper, the authors combine longitudinal data from the Canadian Survey of Labour Income and Dynamics (SLID) and averaged housing price data from the Canadian Real Estate Association to estimate the effect of housing prices on fertility in a housing market that has historically been less volatile and more conservative than its American counterpart has. They ask whether changes in lagged housing price affect the marginal fertility of homeowner and renter women aged 18–45. They present results both excluding and including those who move outside their initial real estate board area, using initial area housing prices as an instrument in the latter case. For homeowners, but not renters, the authors predominantly find evidence that lagged housing prices have a positive effect on marginal fertility and possibly on completed fertility. These pro-natal effects are confined to non-movers.
A General Strain Theory of Racial Differences in Criminal Offending

Abstract Since 1992, General Strain Theory (GST) has earned strong empirical support and has been applied to several key correlates of crime (e.g., age, sex, community), but researchers have yet to fully consider how GST may aid in explaining racial differences in offending. While most explanations focus on macro level and macro-micro control processes, we argue that GST complements these explanations by highlighting the emotional and motivational social psychological processes that underlie criminal behaviour, thereby filling an important theoretical gap. In particular, we argue that African-Americans are likely to experience more and qualitatively unique types of strain compared to Whites, and that these strains in turn lead to higher levels of negative emotions among African-Americans. Further, we argue that the unique social conditions in which many African-Americans live may disproportionately lead them to cope with strain and negative emotions through crime. We believe these theoretical insights can guide future empirical research to create a fuller understanding of racial differences in offending.
REGULARIZATION AND ERROR ESTIMATES FOR ASYMMETRIC BACKWARD NONHOMOGENEOUS HEAT EQUATIONS IN A BALL

The backward heat problem (BHP) has been researched by many authors in the last five decades; it consists in recovering the initial distribution from the final temperature data. There are some articles [1, 2, 3] related the axi-symmetric BHP in a disk but the study in spherical coordinates is rare. Therefore, we wish to study a backward problem for nonhomogenous heat equation associated with asymmetric final data in a ball. In this article, we modify the quasi-boundary value method to construct a stable approximate solution for this problem. As a result, we obtain regularized solution and a sharp estimates for its error. At the end, a numerical experiment is provided to illustrate our method.
Offloading the diabetic foot: toward healing wounds and extending ulcer-free days in remission

php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Chronic Wound Care Management and Research 2017:4 83–88 Chronic Wound Care Management and Research Dovepress