Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of anatomy and basic density on specific cutting force for wood from Corymbia citriodora Hill & Johnson

Aim of the study : The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of xylem tissue cell structure, determined through biometry and basic density of the wood from Corymbia citriodora Hill & Johnson on consumption of specific 90o-0o longitudinal cutting force. Area of study : The study area was in the region of the Vale do Rio Doce - Minas Gerais, Brazil. Material and methods : A diametrical board with dimensions of 60 x 18 x 5 cm (length x width x thickness, respectively), with more than 1.3 m from the ground, was removed. In machining trials, a 400 mm diameter circular saw was used, with 24 “WZ” teeth, feed rate of 10 m.min -1 , cutting speed of 61 m.s -1 , and maximum instantaneous torque of 92.5 N.m. During cutting, test specimens were removed with alternated and parallel 1.5 cm edges in 6 radial positions, which were used for biometric determination of cell structure and basic density. Main results : It was observed that wood basic density, vessel diameter, fiber wall thickness, fiber wall fraction and fiber wall portion were directly proportional to the specific cutting force. In contrast, vessel frequency and fiber lumen diameter proved to be inversely proportional to cutting force. Research highlights : This work provides important values of quantification of influence of xylem tissue cell structure, determined through biometry and physical properties of the wood that may be used to prediction of consumption of specific cutting force. Keywords : wood machining; wood properties; optimization of the process.
Effect of pumpkin powder incorporation on the physico-chemical , sensory and nutritional characteristics of wheat flour muffins

Muffins are ready-to-eat snack foods largely consumed by children. They are usually made with wheat flour which contains a limited amount of β-carotene which is a precursor of vitamin A. Pumpkin is a rich source of β-carotene, which is responsible for its yellow or orange colour. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum level of substitution of carotene rich pumpkin powder in the formulation of muffins and to assess the quality of muffins. The prepared pumpkin powder was assessed for proximate parameters. Muffins were prepared by replacing wheat flour with pumpkin powder at different levels (viz. 10%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%) and were assessed for their proximate, texture and sensory parameters by packing in polyethylene (PE) and metallised polyester polyethylene (MPE) pouches. Pumpkin powder contained 6.9% moisture, 2.6% protein, 4.8% ash, 8.9% fibre, and 312.4 mg/100 g of total carotene (on dry basis). The influence of replacement of wheat flour with pumpkin powder in the formulation of muffins resulted in changes in the sensory quality of muffins. Sensory evaluation indicated that muffin with pumpkin powder incorporated at the level of 20% was found to be more acceptable. Substitution beyond 20% affected the colour and overall acceptability of the product. Adding pumpkin powder not only increases the nutritive value of muffins, but also brings about a value addition to pumpkin.
Isolation of Lactobacillus Species from Sediments of Caspian Sea for Bacteriocin Production

Bacteriocins are heterogeneous groups of antibacterial peptides and proteins that vary in their spectrum of activity, mode of action, molecular mass, genetic origin and biochemical properties. In this study, we characterized the bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus spp. , which were isolated from the marine environment. Sediment samples were collected during 2011 from Caspian Sea. For isolation and identification of Lactobacilli, dilutions of one gram of sediments in sterile 50% aged seawater were prepared. Bacteriocin assay was determined using the well diffusion method. The sensitivity of the active substance to enzymes was tested on cell-free supernatant . The crude bacteriocin was precipitated with 80% ammonium sulphate saturation. The precipitate was dialysed against 20 mM potassium phosphate buffer for 12 h at 4oC. Further purification was carried out in ion exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of the bacteriocin was determined by 15% Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After electrophoresis, the gel was stained with Comassie Brilliant Blue R-250.The bacteriocin producing strains were identified as L. acidophilus and L. plantarum based on their physiological and biochemical characteristic. Maximum activity be served against Enterococcus faecalis and salmonella typhi and minimum activity observed against Shigella boydii.The maximum arbitrary unit as measured as 2647 AU/ml at 30oC . Single protein band was observed when stained with Comassie blue and it clearly indicated the purity of the protein. Possession of bacteriocin by L. acidophilus and L. plantarum is an indication that the bacteria can be used as probiotic and as biopreservative.
Descriptive Study of Hemophilia in Al-Ramadi City

Background: Hemophilia is hereditary bleeding distorted, and widespread in the world. The Objective: to identify the epidemiological characteristics of sample. Methodology: descriptive of study was conducted in genetic blood disease center in the ALRamadi Teaching Hospital for maternity & children during six months period of October to April (2012-2013). The data were collected by reviewing part of registered record in the center. Results: The study included (60) patients with hemophilia registered, (76,7%) was hemophilia A and (23,3%) hemophilia B. Age distribution revealed that the highest affected age group were those from age 6-15 years (33.3%). Gender distribution revealed that (88.3%) were males & (11.7%) were female. Residency distribution revealed that 65% were Rural & 35% were urban. The study showed that (56.7%) of cases were marriages among first cousins, (15%) of cases were marriages among close family or tribe & (28.3%) are marriages unrelated with family. Conclusion: from this study we can conclude that the most common is hemophilia A followed by hemophilia B & the number of newly registered cases is increasing with consanguineous marriages.
Evidence against the Swinging Lever Arm Mechanism in MuscleContraction Based on the Effect of Antibodies to Myosin Head

During muscle contraction, myosin heads extending from myosin filaments first attach to actin filaments, perform power stroke producing force and motion in muscle, and then detach from actin filaments. A myosin head (or myosin subfragment-1, S-1) consists of catalytic and lever arm domains (CAD and LD), which are connected via converter domain (COD). It is widely believed that the myosin head power stroke is caused by swinging lever arm mechanism, which assumes active rotation of the LD around the COD, caused by structural changes in and around the COD. The lever arm mechanism is, however, constructed from nucleotide-dependent structural changes of crystals of truncated myosin head, consisting only of the CAD and the COD, and therefore overlooks possible role of the LD and myosin subfragment-2 (S-2), connecting myosin heads to myosin filament backbone. In this article, we present evidence against the lever arm hypothesis based on the following results: (1) antibody to reactive lysine residue (Lys83) located in the COD (anti-RLR antibody) has no effect on Ca2+-activated muscle fiber contraction; (2) using the gas environmental chamber attached to electron microscope, we record ATP-induced power stroke of myosin heads, position-marked with anti-RLR antibody; (3) antibodies to myosin head LD (anti-LD antibody) and to myosin S-2 (anti-S-2 antibody) inhibit Ca2+-activated contraction without changing MgATPase activity. The absence of inhibitory effect of anti-RLR antibody, attaching to RLR in the COD, makes the lever arm mechanism unlikely, since attachment of bulky antibody (IgG) to RLR in the COD is expected to inhibit structural changes in and around the COD. Meanwhile, inhibitory effect of anti-LD and anti-S-2 antibodies indicate essential role of the LD and the S-2 in muscle contraction.
Nothing Is Quite So Practical as a Good Theory

A central mission of scholars and educators in professional schools of management, health, education, and social work is to conduct research that contributes knowledge to a scientific discipline, on the one hand, and to apply that knowledge to the practice of management as a profession, on the other (Simon, 1967). To do this well, we need to design our research so that it provides an intimate understanding of the practical problems facing the profession. Equally important, we need to appreciate and strengthen our skills in developing good theory so that research conducted about these problems will advance the knowledge that is relevant to both the discipline and the profession. Lewin's (1945) statement that "nothing is so practical as a good theory" captures a theme that is as important today as it was in Lewin's time. Good theory is practical precisely because it advances knowledge in a scientific discipline, guides research toward crucial questions, and enlightens the profession of management. This spec.
Optimal labor-income tax volatility with credit frictions

This paper studies the optimal behavior of labor-income taxation in a simple model with credit frictions. Firms’ borrowing to pay their wage payments in advance is constrained by the value of their collateral at the beginning of the period. The labor-income tax rate and the shadow value on the credit constraint lead to a wedge between the marginal product of labor and the marginal rate of substitution between labor and consumption. This paper suggests that while the notion of “static wedge smoothing” is carried over to this environment, it is achieved only through a volatile labor-income tax rate. As the shadow value on the financing constraint varies over the business cycle, tax volatility is needed in order to counter this variation and, thus, allow for “wedge smoothing”. In particular, the optimal labor-income tax rate is lower when the credit market is more tightened and higher when it is less tightened. Therefore, when firms are more credit-constrained and the demand for labor is reduced, optimal fiscal policy calls for boosting labor supply by lowering the labor-income tax rate. It is also shown that the optimal behavior of the labor-income tax rate that is discovered in this study is consistent with its historical behavior in the U.S.
The stratospheric pathway for Arctic impacts on midlatitude climate

Recent evidence from both observations and model simulations suggests that an Arctic sea ice reduction tends to cause a negative Arctic Oscillation (AO) phase with severe winter weather in the Northern Hemisphere, which is often preceded by weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex. Although this evidence hints at a stratospheric involvement in the Arctic‐midlatitude climate linkage, the exact role of the stratosphere remains elusive. Here we show that tropospheric AO response to the Arctic sea ice reduction largely disappears when suppressing the stratospheric wave mean flow interactions in numerical experiments. The results confirm a crucial role of the stratosphere in the sea ice impacts on the midlatitudes by coupling between the stratospheric polar vortex and planetary‐scale waves. Those results and consistency with observation‐based evidence suggest that a recent Arctic sea ice loss is linked to midlatitudes extreme weather events associated with the negative AO phase.
Determinants of the Accounting Choice between Alternative Reporting Methods for Interests in Jointly Controlled Entities

This paper examines whether the type of jointly controlled entity influences the management choice to report interests in this kind of joint venture using the equity method or proportionate consolidation. We address this gap in the accounting choice literature by exploiting the UK setting where, due to the transition to IFRS, firms had to change their reporting method for interests in jointly controlled entities from the gross equity method to a similar approach (equity method) or to proportionate consolidation. We support our analysis on the classification of jointly controlled entities proposed by Hennart (1988). We hypothesize that venturers are more likely to change their reporting method to proportionate consolidation when the majority of their jointly controlled entities are cases of Link instead of Scale cooperation. After controlling for several variables, our results are consistent with the predictions and thus suggest that the type of jointly controlled entity plays an important role in the management decision to report interests in jointly controlled entities using the equity method or proportionate consolidation. However, the results also provide empirical evidence supporting the importance of debt covenant costs and monitoring costs in the choice between alternative reporting methods.
Structural and electrical properties of thermally evaporated cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) thin films

Thin films of CoPc of various thickness have been deposited onto glass substrates using thermal evaporation technique at room temperature. The dark electrical resistivity measurements were carried out at different temperature range (298–423 K). An estimation of mean free path ( $\ell_{0}$ ) of charge carriers in CoPc thin films and bulk resistivity, $\rho_{B}$ was attempted. Measurements of thermoelectric power confirm that CoPc thin films behave as p -type semiconductors. The ac conductivity ( σ ac ) has been investigated in the frequency range (10 2 –10 6 Hz) and temperature range (298–407 K). σ ac is found to be proportional to ω s where s ≈ 0.879 which is frequency and temperature independence. The ac conductivity interpreted by the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model with centers of intimate valence alternation pairs type with a maximum barrier height, W M ≈ 1.594 eV.
The Impact of Low-Skilled Immigration on Female Labour Supply ∗

This paper contributes to the literature on the impact of immigrants on native female labour supply. By segmenting the market by educational levels, we are able to investigate which native-born women are more aﬀected by an increase of low-skilled immigrants working in the household service sector. We present a model of individual choice with home production and, using an harmonized dataset (CNEF), we test its main predictions. Our sample includes countries implementing diﬀerent family policies. Our results suggest that the share of immigrants working in services in a given local labour market is positively associated with the probability of native-born women to increase their labour supply at the intensive margin (number of hours worked per week), if skilled, and at the extensive margin (participation decision), if unskilled. Moreover, they show that these eﬀects are larger in countries with less family-supportive policies.
Wetting and Dewetting of Complex Surface Geometries

Surfaces exhibiting complex topographies, such as those encountered in biology, give rise to an enormously rich variety of interfacial morphologies of a liquid to which they are exposed. In the present article, we elaborate on some basic mechanisms involved in the statics and dynamics of such morphologies, focusing on a few simple paradigm topographies. We demonstrate that different liquid interface morphologies on the same sample frequently coexist. To exemplify the impact of the dynamics on the final droplet morphology, we discuss the shape instability of filamentous liquid structures in wedge geometries. We finally show that some side effects that may dominate on a larger scale, such as contact line pinning and contact angle hysteresis, seem to play a minor role on the microscopic scale under study. This establishes the validity of simple theoretical concepts of wetting as a starting point for describing liquids at substrate surfaces of high complexity.
Individual Determinants of Self‐Employment Entry: What Do We Really Know?

The analysis of the decision to enter into self-employment is a hot topic in economic literature. Among the elements that most directly influence this decision, individual factors are central. This study produces a comprehensive survey of the impact of these factors, covering both the theoretical arguments and the main conclusions emerging from the empirical studies. We analyze twelve critical determinant factors of the entry into self-employment grouped into seven categories: (i) basic individual characteristics (gender, age, and marital status and children); (ii) family background (parents and spouse); (iii) personality characteristics (risk attitude and other psychological traits); (iv) human capital (education and experience); (v) health condition; (vi) nationality and ethnicity; and (vii) access to financial resources. While for some of the factors solid conclusions can be found, for others additional research is still needed in order to shed further light on their influence.
Temporal patterns of phytoplankton assemblages, size spectra and diversity during the wane of a Phaeocystis globosa spring bloom in hydrologically contrasted coastal waters

The space–time dynamic of phytoplankton diversity and succession was investigated during the wane of a Phaeocystis globosa spring bloom in four distinct hydrological sub-systems of the eastern English Channel. Nutrients, chlorophyll-a concentrations, and phytoplankton composition, standing stocks, size spectra and diversity were monitored during three key periods in 2003: late spring, early summer and summer. Two consecutive diatom assemblages were observed, respectively dominated by: (i) small colonial species (<100 μm; Melosira sp., Diploneis sp. and Navicula transitans) in April; and (ii) large fine-walled cells (>200 μm; Guinardia striata and Rhizosolenia imbricata) in May and July. This shift in diatom composition appeared to be related to the potentially limitating silicic acid in early summer. Specific phytoplankton assemblages identified in distinct water masses have evolved from a mature/senescent community towards a relatively homogeneous aestival structure of dominant species that might have been triggered by the wane of the P. globosa bloom. Our results also identified a strong heterogeneity in the distribution of secondary species between distinct water masses during the summer period, suggesting that the magnitude of the observed patterns was intrinsically related to the hydrological properties prevailing in each sub-system. The identification of distinct temporal patterns in phytoplankton species diversity and succession following the wane of a spring bloom at relatively small spatial scales (i.e. <10 km) is discussed in the framework of P. globosa blooms in particular and phytoplankton blooms in general and is suggested to have potentially strong consequences on food web dynamics and the carbon cycle in coastal ecosystems.
Genotyping Rickettsia rickettsii cluster spotted fever group rickettsiae

Bacteria in the genus Rickettsia are obligate intracellular parasites that utilize arthropod vectors and are globally distributed. Humans are accidental hosts, but rickettsiae are responsible for several human diseases. The prevalence of rickettsial tick-borne infectious diseases is increasing worldwide, yet genetic characterization of Rickettsia sp. is only in its infancy. In this project novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based assays have been developed to genotype the Rickettsia rickettsii cluster of the spotted fever group (SFG), the largest phylogenetic clade in the rickettsial phylogeny. These assays were used to genotype 20 Rickettsia-positive tick DNA samples from various locations in Montana and Oregon. 90% of the samples genotyped as belonging to the SFG, and 12 of those as part of the R. rickettsii cluster, species R. peacockii and R. rickettsii.
Qualitative Research Method: Grounded Theory

In this literature review paper, the researcher has done some efforts to identify and further to elaborate the basiccomponents of a research methods chapter that are integral part of any research paper while conductinggrounded theory approach. Grounded theory is one of the data collection approach in qualitative researchmethods which is totally based on data rather thantry to emerge theory from data. There are bulk of books andresearch papers written by world renowned researchers and authors but the aim of this paper is to help the earlystage researchers in conducting their projects in grounded theory approach. In this paper, the researcher has shedlight on history of grounded theory, how this theory rather approach works, target population, samplingtechnique, data collection methods and the role of a researcher in this whole research process, and anotheressential part of a qualitative research, ethics which play a crucial role while conducting and gathering aqualitative data, have also been discussed in this paper.
Do Auctions Select Efficient Firms ? 1

This paper considers a government auctioning off multiple licenses to firms who compete in a market after the auction. Firms have different costs, and cost efficiency is private information at the auction stage and the market competition stage. If only one license is auctioned, standard results say that the most efficient firm wins the auction (license) as it will get the highest profit in the aftermarket, i.e., it has the highest valuation for the license. This paper argues that this result does not generalize to the case of multiple licenses and aftermarket competition. In particular, we determine conditions under which auctions may select inefficient firms and therefore lead to an inefficient allocation of resources. Strategic interactions in the aftermarket, in particular firms’ preferences to compete with the least cost-efficient firms rather than with the most efficient firms, are responsible for our result.