Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why has employment not grown more quickly in Vietnam?

A paradox of Vietnam’s economic performance in the 1990s has been that despite rapid economic growth, extensive economic reforms, increased openness and significant reductions in poverty, the rate of employment growth has been disappointing. Conventional explanations of the slow growth of employment emphasize the incomplete nature of the economic reform process emphasizing three key areas – trade policy, the role of state-owned enterprises and labour market policies – which have led to resources being misallocated to the detriment of labour-intensive export sectors and the private sector. The paper shows that the slow growth of industrial employment in Vietnam has not been a result of an excessive concentration of resources on capital-intensive industries or state-owned enterprises. It is primarily the changes which have occurred within industries, resulting in increases in labour productivity from the very low levels at the beginning of the 1990s, that have prevented industry from absorbing more workers.
Behavioral Biases Never Walk Alone

This article presents evidence of the impact of overconfidence bias in asset prices drawn from a study based on data from tennis betting exchanges. A series of betting strategies in tournaments with a clear-cut favorite are shown to yield significant economic returns. The impact of overconfidence bias on betting odds increases with trading volume, media coverage, and levels of disagreement between overconfident and cumulative prospect theory bettors. Just as in traditional financial markets, arbitrage limits are shown to be a necessary condition for the impact of behavioral biases on prices.
Modifiable Maternal Exposures and Offspring Blood Pressure: A Review of Epidemiological Studies of Maternal Age, Diet, and Smoking

Prenatal programming of adult disease is well established in animals. In humans the impact of common in utero exposures on long-term offspring health is less clear. We reviewed epidemiology studies of modifiable maternal exposures and offspring blood pressure (BP). Three maternal exposures were identified for review and meta-analyzed where possible: smoking during pregnancy, diet, and age at childbirth. Meta-analysis suggested there was a modest association between higher offspring BP and prenatal exposure to smoke (confounder-adjusted β = 0.62 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval: 0.19–1.05, I2 = 16.4%). However, the level of confounder adjustment varied between studies, which in some studies attenuated the association to the null. There was no strong evidence that any component of maternal diet during pregnancy (maternal protein, energy, calcium, and various other nutrients) influences offspring BP. The results of studies of maternal age varied and there was strong evidence of heterogeneity in the pooled analysis. The association with maternal age, if present, was modest (confounder-adjusted β = 0.09 mm Hg/y, 95% confidence interval: −0.03 to 0.21, I2 = 89.8%). In sum, there is little empirical evidence that the maternal exposures reviewed program offspring BP. Other components of offspring health may be more susceptible to effects of programming in utero.
Sources of Innovation and Ideas in ICT Firms in Australia

This paper examines a sample of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) firms in Australia drawn from a wide range of product and service providers in the Sydney region. It researches the sources of information and ideas that firms utilize to sustain their competitive position through innovation. While the firms in the survey varied in size in terms of turnover, number of employees and level of business activity, most see themselves as innovative. Not all firms utilized the same sources of innovation-related knowledge and most used research and technology organizations (RTOs) or other publicly funded sources of information for help with 'technical' (standards etc) or trade issues. While ICT firms are often regarded as leading-edge developers of new ideas, this research indicated that ICT firms still see their sales force, customers and suppliers as the most important sources of innovation knowledge and ideas.
A‐FABP, a candidate progression marker of human transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, is differentially regulated by PPAR in urothelial cancer cells

Superficial pT1 bladder tumors are characterized by a high risk of recurrence and progression in grade and stage. Few studies provided evidence that loss of adipocyte‐fatty acid binding protein (A‐FABP) expression was associated with bladder cancer progression. A‐FABP is a lipid binding protein playing a role in intracellular lipid transport and metabolism, as well as in signal transduction. We reported from bladder tumors that decrease of A‐FABP transcript level significantly correlated to tumor stage and to histologic grade (p < 0.05). Namely, in poor prognosis high grade pT1 tumors there was a loss of A‐FABP expression compared to good prognosis tumors suggesting that re‐expression of A‐FABP could be a therapeutic approach in early stage bladder cancer to prevent disease progression. We demonstrated for the first time that this marker is upregulated by Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor (PPAR) α, β and γ in T24 cells (derived from an undifferentiated grade III carcinoma) and only by PPARβ in RT4 cells (derived from a well differentiated grade I papillary tumor). This effect occurred through a PPAR‐dependent transcriptional mechanism without modifying mRNA stability and interestingly required de novo protein synthesis. Data as a whole suggest a prognostic significance of A‐FABP in bladder cancer outcome and the potential utility of overexpression of this protein by PPAR agonists open up new perspectives in the treatment of bladder cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Antisense RNA-Mediated Transcriptional Attenuation Mechanism Functions in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Antisense RNA-mediated transcriptional attenuation is a regulatory mechanism operating in the replication control of two groups of plasmids in gram-positive bacteria, the pT181 group and the inc18 family, represented by pIP501. In contrast, this control mechanism has so far not been identified in gram-negative bacteria or their plasmids. In this work we asked whether such a mechanism can be supported by Escherichia coli. The core replication control regions of plasmids pT181 and pIP501 were transferred into this heterologous host. In vivo lacZ reporter gene assays showed that the antisense RNAs of these plasmids can inhibit lacZ expression and that most of this effect can be accounted for by reduced mRNA readthrough. Northern analyses confirmed that the ratio of attenuated to readthrough target RNA was increased in the presence of the cognate antisense RNA, as expected for this mechanism. Similarly, both antisense RNAs induced premature termination of their cognate target RNAs in an E. coli in vitro transcription system, whereas the noncognate antisense RNAs had no effect. Thus, this report shows that antisense RNA-mediated transcriptional attenuation is supported by at least one gram-negative host, although the data indicate that inhibitory efficiencies are lower than those for, e.g., Bacillus subtilis. Possible explanations for the apparent absence of this control mode in plasmids of gram-negative bacteria are discussed.
DDX3X-MLLT10 fusion in adults with NOTCH1 positive T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

MLLT10 (also known as AF10 ), at chromosome 10 band p12, is emerging as a promiscuous gene. Six partners have been reported to date: PICALM(CALM )/11q14, MLL /11q23, NAP1L1 /12q21, HNRNPH1 /5q35, DDX3X /Xp11.3 and NUP98 /11p15. [1][1],[2][2] All fusions retain the MLLT10 octapeptide motif-leucine-
Evaluation of Knowledge Strategies in the Indian Software Industry

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to construct and validate a tool that measures the knowledge strategies in software organizations in India. The knowledge strategies discussed in this paper are based on the characteristics of organizational learning typology, which are classified as consolidators, transformers and co-inventors. This tool measures the extent to which the software organizations practice the consolidator strategy, transformer strategy, and co-inventor strategy. Data were collected from 39 software companies in India. The tool was tested for psychometric properties such as unidimensionality, validity, and reliability. These properties of the tool are at a very acceptable level in view of the confirmatory fit index (CFI), Bentler Bonett Coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha, which are above the recommended minimum values. Descriptive statistics were tested to quantify the extent to which knowledge strategies were being practiced across the software companies in India. ANOVA was performed to see the role of organization size and age in view of knowledge strategies. Significant differences were observed in knowledge strategies based on the organization's size and age.
Antecedents of trust in industrial districts: an empirical analysis of inter-firm relations in a Turkish industrial district

Structural features and institutional settings of industrial districts, rather than contracts as a co-coordinating mechanism, promote trust in exchanges between firms in industrial districts. Based on this assumption, the paper explores the antecedents of trust in a Turkish industrial district at three levels: institutional environment; institutional arrangements; and inter-firm exchanges. In relation to institutional environment, dominant institutions of the Turkish economy – mainly state and finance – and their policies that undermine the role of SMEs in economic development are studied. In this context a third institution, the ‘district association’ that has a vital role in promoting trust-based governance has been analysed. At the second level, formal and informal institutional arrangements that govern the web of exchanges between firms are surveyed. The third level of analysis is directed at entrepreneurs and their attitudes towards family, friendship, expertise and reputation are studied. The research site is the Merter textile district in Istanbul. Data for second and third levels of analysis has been collected through structured interviews and is analysed quantitatively. For institutions and institutional environment, data has been collected mainly by in-depth interviews and is supported by secondary data. Research findings show that informal institutional arrangements are more important than formal arrangements and reputation and expertise of the other firm is more important than family-friendship connections as antecedents of trust.
States, Power, Legitimacy, and Maintaining Institutional Control: The Battle for Private Sector Telecommunication Services in Zimbabwe

Drawing directly on Stinchcombe (1968, 1983) we study the interdependence between power and legitimacy in state—organization contests for maintaining institutional control. We focus on postcolonial sub-Saharan Africa and the dynamics between the Zimbabwean state and Econet Wireless Zimbabwe, a start-up private firm that challenged the state's rights to monopoly control over the telecommunications sector during the period 1993—1998. Our findings show that in contexts such as postcolonial settings, states use their power to dominate institutional sectors and maintain institutional control. We find as well that states can attempt to reinforce the legitimacy of their use of power and coercion through (1) securing critical property rights and embedding these rights in the state bureaucracy, and (2) calling on other `centers of power'. Finally, our study highlights the ways in which states and challenging organizations engage in various strategies of institutional work to maintain and disrupt, respectively, existing structures and practices of institutional control.
AF10‐dependent transcription is enhanced by its interaction with FLRG

Background information. FLRG (follistatin‐related gene) is a secreted glycoprotein which is very similar to follistatin. As observed for follistatin, FLRG is involved in the regulation of various biological processes through its binding to members of the TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) superfamily, activin, BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins) and myostatin. Unlike follistatin, FLRG has been found to be both secreted and localized within the nucleus of many FLRG‐producing cells, suggesting the existence of specific intracellular functions of the protein.
Evidence of Central City Revival

Abstract There has been much discussion concerning the likelihood of middle- and upper-income groups choosing to locate near the centers of United States cities. One may find case studies documenting the rejuvenation of central city neighborhoods with a discussion of the factors that tended to bring this rejuvenation about. However, there has been little attempt to integrate this rejuvenation with traditional urban theory. In addition, there has been almost no research that looks at more than a few cities and uses comparable measures that tries to formulate and evaluate a theory of central city residential revival. This article is a step in that direction. It summarizes the author's research in center city revival. Twenty of the largest United States cities were studied to see if there was any positive change in the number of census tracts with middle- and upper-income families living within two miles of the CBD during the 1960s. It was found that a number of the cities did show an increase in the number .
Difference in the incidences of the most prevalent urologic cancers from 2003 to 2009 in Iran.

BACKGROUND Urological cancers represent a major public problem associated with high mortality and morbidity. The pattern of these cancers varies markedly according to era, region and ethnic groups, but increasing incidence trends overall makes focused epidemiological studies important. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence of most prevalent urological cancers in Iran from 2003 to 2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data for this study were obtained from the population-based Cancer Registry Center of the Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Differences of mean age and age distributions of each cancer were compared between 2003 and 2009 in men and women. RESULTS Bladder cancer was the most common urologic cancer in both genders. The rate difference of age standardized ratio (ASR) of bladder and renal cell carcinoma in women were 1.54 and 2.01 percent per 100,000 population from 2003 to the 2009, respectively. In men, the rate difference of age standardized ratio of prostate, testis, kidney and bladder cancer was also 2.23, 1.2, 1.8 and 1.5 percent per 100,000 population from 2003 to 2009, respectively. The mean ages of patients in all cancers in both genders did not differ significantly through time (p value>0.05) but the distribution of ages of patients with bladder and prostate cancer changed significantly from 2003 to 2009 (p value<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of present study suggest the general pattern and incidence of urological cancers in Iran are changing, the observed increase pointing to a need for urological cancer screening programs.
Including the Community in Local Regeneration? The Case of Greater Pollok Social Inclusion Partnership

This paper seeks to evaluate critically the extent to which there is community involvement in the construction and delivery of urban policy under New Labour, through a case study of the Greater Pollok Social Inclusion Partnership. The paper concentrates on the Scottish experience, but its lessons resonate more widely. Its key finding is that, for all the rhetoric of New Labour and community involvement, the degree to which it has occurred in practice is little different to the level of involvement under Conservative urban policy initiatives. The paper argues that the processes of community consultation and participation during the early stages of the Greater Pollok Social Inclusion Partnership were woefully inadequate. At best it was tokenistic, and at worst, local people were being ‘exploited’ to legitimise the policy process.
Attrition and the management of pediatric obesity: an integrative review.

BACKGROUND A key challenge in managing pediatric obesity is the high degree of program attrition, which can reduce therapeutic benefits and contribute to inefficient health services delivery. Our aim was to document and characterize predictors of, and reasons for, attrition in pediatric obesity management. METHODS We searched literature published until January 2014 in five databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus). Articles were included if they were English, included participants 0-18 years of age, focused on pediatric obesity management, incorporated lifestyle and behavioral changes without pharmacotherapy, provided attrition data, and reported information about predictors of, and/or reasons for, attrition from family-based interventions provided in research or clinical settings. Twenty-three articles (n=20 quantitative; n=2 qualitative; n=1 mixed methods) met our inclusion criteria. Clarity of study aims, objectives, methods, and data analysis were appraised using Bowling's checklist. RESULTS Attrition varied according to definition (minimum to maximum, 4-83%; median, 37%). There were few consistent predictors of attrition between studies, although dropout was higher among US-based families receiving public health insurance. Older children were also more likely to discontinue care, but sex and baseline weight status did not predict attrition. The most commonly reported reasons for attrition were logistical barriers and programs not meeting families' needs. CONCLUSIONS Developing and evaluating strategies designed to minimize the risk of attrition, especially among families who receive public health insurance and older boys and girls, are needed to optimize the effectiveness of pediatric obesity management.
Decentralisation as a Moderating Factor in the Budgetary Participation-Performance Relationship: Some Hong Kong Evidence

Abstract This study tests the contingency or ‘fit’ hypothesis that the effects of budgetary participation on managerial performance will be positive in decentralised organisations and negative in centralised organisations. The responses of 37 managers from a cross-section of Hong Kong manufacturing companies to a questionnaire survey designed to measure the variables were analysed by examining the interaction term in a multiple regression equation. The results supported the interaction hypothesis and found that at high levels of decentralisation there is a positive relationship between budgetary participation and managerial performance but at low levels of decentralisation this relationship is negative. These findings have implications for the design of effective control subsystems.
Re‐evaluating the Contribution of Social Capital in Achieving Sustainable Development

The last decade has seen considerable interest in the concept of social capital and there have been a number of publications focused around the concept. A wide range of claims have been made for the analytic potential of social capital leading some to question the concept's continued value. We think that the concept still has considerable value if used in a careful and rigorous way. We further think that the concept has particular value when considering policy for sustainable development. However, just as sustainable development is a multi‐faceted concept, this application requires a multi‐faceted reading of social capital. Having concluded that a clearer typology of social capital is needed, we propose a threefold typology, adding the new category of ‘bracing’ social capital to the more commonly used distinction between ‘bonding’ and ‘bridging’ social capital. We also address the issues of what social capital can do and how it actually works, specifically in the context of policy for sustainable development.
Cooperative multi-user detection and ranging based on pseudo-random codes

Abstract. We present an improved approach for a Round Trip Time of Flight distance measurement system. The system is intended for the usage in a cooperative localisation system for automotive applications. Therefore, it is designed to address a large number of communication partners per measurement cycle. By using coded signals in a time divison multiple access order, we can detect a large number of pedestrian sensors with just one car sensor. We achieve this by using very short transmit bursts in combination with a real time correlation algorithm. Futhermore, the correlation approach offers real time data, concerning the time of arrival, that can serve as a trigger impulse for other comunication systems. The distance accuracy of the correlation result was further increased by adding a fourier interpolation filter. The system performance was checked with a prototype at 2.4 GHz. We reached a distance measurement accuracy of 12 cm at a range up to 450 m.
Predictive Factors for Response to Chemotherapy in Advanced Breast Cancer

Most breast cancer patients receive chemotherapy at some phase of their illness but only about half of them benefit from it. Identifying the factors predicting response to chemotherapy would also assist the clinician in selection of appropriate patients for chemotherapy, thus saving others from unnecessary exposure to toxic agents. At the present time, there is no tumour biological factor available for clinical use in the prediction of chemotherapy response in advanced breast cancer apart from oestrogen receptor status, which predicts response to hormonal therapy, or the HER2 receptor, which predicts response to trastuzumab. Interestingly, they both are also targets for those therapies. Several groups have tried to find such predictive factors for chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer but the results are so far disappointing. This review collects the rapidly expanding data published so far on the predictive value of tumour biological factors for chemotherapy response in advanced breast cancer. In conclusion, none of them is yet good enough for clinical use in advanced breast cancer.
Our own speech rate influences speech perception

During conversation, spoken utterances occur in rich acoustic contexts, including speech produced by our interlocutor(s) and speech we produced ourselves. Prosodic characteristics of the acoustic context have been known to influence speech perception in a contrastive fashion: for instance, a vowel presented in a fast context is perceived to have a longer duration than the same vowel in a slow context. Given the ubiquity of the sound of our own voice, it may be that our own speech rate a common source of acoustic context also influences our perception of the speech of others. Two experiments were designed to test this hypothesis. Experiment 1 replicated earlier contextual rate effects by showing that hearing pre-recorded fast or slow context sentences alters the perception of ambiguous Dutch target words. Experiment 2 then extended this finding by showing that talking at a fast or slow rate prior to the presentation of the target words also altered the perception of those words. These results suggest that between-talker variation in speech rate production may induce between-talker variation in speech perception, thus potentially explaining why interlocutors tend to converge on speech rate in dialogue settings.