Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of in vitro storage time on the physiology of second stage juveniles of Heterodera oryzae

Populations of freshly hatched juveniles of Heterodera oryzae were stored in the dark at 280 in aerated aqueous medium. At the zero time and then every week, samples of motile juveniles were selected from populations for measurement of certain physiological parameters. The percentage of rnotile juveniles decreased steadily with time and reached zero after 6 weeks of storage. At the zero time, 52% of motile juveniles were infective ; this rate increased slightly t o 62% after one weelr and then dropped rapidly t o 1.6% after 5 weeks of storage. Rate of O, consumption was initially 58 pl per individual per hour and decreased to 26 pl/ind. /hr a t the end of 4 weeks. Freshly hatched juveniles, with a dry weight of 31 ng per individual, contained 8.5 ng of total lipid, 3.9 ng of total carbohydrates, 13.5 ng of total protein and 2.5 ng of total nitrogen. Lipid content decreased regularly during storage t o 2.4 ng per juvenile, a 70% loss, after 5 weeks. Carbohydrate content increased significantly from 3.9 ng t o 4,4 ng per individual during the first week of storage, remained constant until the third week and then decreased t o 2,9 ng per individual a t the end of 5 weeks. Protein and nitrogen contents remained constant until the third week of storage and then decreased t o respectively 11.3 ng and 2.2 ng per individual.
Management of Organizational Culture in the Public Institutions of Ecuador Educational Sector

Purpose: The current study has, as its fundamental objective, the conceptual analysis of organizational culture management models that could be applied in public institutions of the education sector, as well as on management models of the organizational culture mainly those aimed at providing customer services in this sector. Methodology/Approach: It was made an analysis of the main models that exist, and the possibility of adapting them to public institutions in the educational sector, which will improve the management of the organizational culture, according to processes that take place within them. Findings: The non-existence of organizational culture management models aimed at providing customer services in public institutions of the educational sector was identified, as well as the complexity of applying other models of organizational culture management in institutions of the sector referred to from the gaps that they present. Research Limitation/implication: The analyzed models are directed to private and public companies, they do not present methodological frameworks of action beyond the elaboration of business strategies, that allow to be applied directly in organizations with academic aims. Originality/Value of paper: The document was based on the literary review of management of the organizational culture, in which it was detected that the models studied are aimed at companies, being complex their adaptation for institutions of the educational sector. No references were found about management models of the organizational culture focused on the provision of services to the client, which brings novelty to future research.
The Accuracy of the Juster Scale for Predicting Purchase Rates of Branded, Fast-Moving Consumer Goods

This paper examines the suitability of the Juster Scale for predicting demand for different brands of fast moving consumer goods, within two product categories. The products used in the study were three brands of canned soup (Watties, Campbells and Heinz), and four brands of yoghurt (Ski, Yoplait, Fresh and Fruity, and No-Frills). The purchase probability data was obtained from the 1992 Palmerston North Household (face-to-face) Omnibus survey. Respondents were reinterviewed by telephone, four weeks after the omnibus survey to obtain recalled estimates of actual purchases. The Juster scale overestimated purchases, both for product categories and for brands. Purchase rates for soup were overestimated by 5% and for yoghurt by 6%. The overestimate for individual brands were slightly larger; the average over all 7 brands being 8%. Although the accuracy of the predictions of purchase rates was disappointing, the predictions of brand share were more accurate. This study has demonstrated that it is possible to obtain quite accurate estimates of market share for branded products using the Juster Purchase Probability Scale, as well as accurate estimates of the purchase rate for each brand.
Vertical stratification of iron in atmospheres of blue horizontal-branch stars

The aim of this study is to search for observational evidence of vertical iron stratification in the atmosphere of 14 blue horizontal-branch (BHB) stars. We have found from our numerical simulations that five BHB stars: B22, B186 in the globular cluster NGC 288, WF 2−820, WF 2−2692 in M13 and B203 in M15 show clear signatures of the vertical stratification of iron whose abundance increases toward the lower atmosphere. Two other BHB stars (B334 in M15 and B176 in M92) also show possible iron stratification in their atmosphere. A dependence of the slope of iron stratification on the effective temperature was also discovered. It is found that the vertical stratification of iron is strongest in BHB stars with T eff around 11 500 K. The slope of iron abundance decreases as T eff increases and becomes negligible for the BHB stars with T eff ≈ 14 000 K. These results support the hypothesis regarding the efficiency of atomic diffusion in the stellar atmospheres of BHB stars with T eff � 11 500 K.
JAPANESE CHILDREN'S DIFFICULTY WITH FALSE BELIEF UNDERSTANDING: IS IT REAL OR APPARENT?

There is an argument regarding whether Japanese children may show a delay in false belief reasoning. The authors investigated whether this apparent delay is genuinely due to the children’s difficulty with false belief reasoning, or whether the verbal questioning technique underestimates the competence of the participants. The authors gave 4- and 5-year-old Japanese children a verbal and a nonverbal false belief task. The results revealed that the children performed significantly better in the nonverbal task than in the verbal task. In addition, 5-year-old children performed significantly above chance in the nonverbal task, but not in the verbal task. The results suggested that Japanese children show difficulty with false belief tasks because verbal tasks may underestimate their competence. The results are consistent with the universal view of the development of false belief reasoning.
Patterns of rare fish and aquatic insects in a southwestern French river catchment in relation to simple physical variables

Most of our current understanding of rarity has come from studies of terrestrial plants and animals, whereas freshwater habitats remain poorly documented under this topic. Here we considered the spatial distribution patterns of rarity at the river catchment scale, for five freshwater taxa (fish, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Coleoptera) in southwestern France. The data were collected at 554 and 155 sampling sites for fish and aquatic insects, respectively. General Linear Modelling was used to assess the influence of some typological variables (elevation, stream order, distance from source, and reach slope) on local numbers of rare species (restricted range). The relative numbers of rare species per taxa varied from 16% (Plecoptera) to 59% (Trichoptera). GLM chiefly yielded highly significant correlations between rarity and distance from the source and/or elevation for all taxa, showing that numbers of rare stream species increase towards downstream areas within the stream system. The spatial patterns in rarity for the different study taxa were rather concordant, probably as a result of similar responses to environmental conditions. By focusing on integrative variables, we emphasized the influence of river typology on the rarity of aquatic animals. Areas which carry rare species may concentrate an important fraction of the regional biodiversity. If end-users need geographic models (i.e. maps) to design river management frameworks, numerical patterning is needed to provide theoretical backgrounds: by predicting what the rarity should be like in a given area, we can provide explicit spatial schemes that may be useful to target further research, and to implement management options.
Bryan's “a cross of gold:” The rhetoric of polarization at the 1896 democratic convention

Speaking during the platform debate at the 1896 Democratic convention, Nebraska's famous orator William Jennings Bryan delivered his impassioned speech, “A Cross of Gold. ” This speech employed the radical's rhetorical technique of polarization. The currency question became a flag issue that symbolized the gulfs between the rich and the poor and between the East and the West. Although many authorities believe, perhaps correctly, that this speech gained him the nomination for President of the United States, Bryan did not adapt to the greater diversity of interests and viewpoints of the national audience.
Barriers to entry in monopoly markets: automobile distribution in Brazil

O Objetivo deste Trabalho e Analisar os Efeitos da Entrada de uma Segunda Concessionaria de Automoveis em Mercados Previamente Monopolizados. para Tanto, Construiu-Se um Banco de Dados com a Localizacao de Concessionarias de Automoveis em Microrregioes e Caracteristicas Demograficas e Economicas Destas Microrregioes. a Partir Desse Banco de Dados e de Modelos de Escolha Binaria, Foram Identificadas Variaveis que Condicionam a Existencia e o Numero de Concessionarias em Microrregioes. Utilizando-Se de um Modelo Adaptado de Bresnahan e Reiss (1990), Foram Estimados os Custos Fixos de Entrada de Concessionarias em Mercados Monopolizados. os Resultados Obtidos Sugerem que as Barreiras A Entrada nao sao Significativas, o que Aumenta a Probabilidade de que a Clausula de Exclusividade nos Contratos de Concessao nao Cause Danos A Concorrencia no Mercado Brasileiro de Distribuicao de Automoveis
Desirable ethical climates impacts on organizational effectiveness: Moderations by firm characteristics

This empirical study examines the relationships between ethical climates and organizational effectiveness moderated possibly by job satisfaction (JS), organizational commitment (OC), and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The sample consisted of 383 employees in four companies operating in South Korea. The study focused on desirable ethical climates, rather than all the nine types of Victor and Cullen, along with the firm characteristics. The results found that the impacts of desirable ethical climates are effective and positive, except on OC. Contrary to the antecedent research consequences, the impact of social responsibility climate on OC is negative. In addition, the results indicate that the firm’s characteristics (size and nationality) differentiate their impacts on organizational effectiveness especially, on the factors of OC. Key words: Desirable ethical climate, firm characteristics, organizational effectiveness, organizational commitment.
The Effect of Supportive Education, as a Tertiary Nursing Intervention, on the Quality of Life of Patients with Heart Failure

THE EFFECT OF SUPPORTIVE EDUCATION, AS A TERTIARY NURSING INTERVENTION, ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE By Julie A Switek Quality o f life in patients with heart failure is poor. The purpose o f this study was to examine the impact o f a supportive educational nursing intervention on quality o f life. The quality o f life o f two groups o f patients with heart failure were compared, the control group that received placebo interventions and the experimental group that received a supportive educational intervention. The instrument utilized in this study was the Ferrans and Powers Quality o f Life Index; Cardiac Version III. Betty Neuman’s systems model was the theoretical framework that guided this research. Independent and paired T-tests were utilized to analyze the data. Findings included a significant increase in the quality o f life scores for the supportive educational group occurring at the 6-month time period.
Relationships among Motivation Orientations, Metacognitive Awareness and Proficiency in L2 Listening.

This paper examines the relationships among motivation, metacognition, and proficiency in listening comprehension. Adolescent learners of French (N = 57) completed two questionnaires. A motivation questionnaire tapped student responses to three orientations related to motivation: amotivation, intrinsic, and extrinsic. A metacognitive awareness questionnaire tapped the metacognitive strategies students reported using when listening to authentic texts in French. Student responses on both instruments were correlated to determine any possible relationship between the three types of motivation and the metacognitive listening strategies. Responses to the motivation questionnaire were also correlated with listening proficiency, as determined by a listening comprehension test. As hypothesized, students reporting a greater use of metacognitive strategies also reported more motivational intensity, with some evidence of a self-determination continuum evident in the response patterns. Listening proficiency correlated negatively with amotivation; however, correlations with intrinsic and extrinsic motivation were not as high as anticipated. The results of this study provide some empirical support for the hypothesized links between self-determination theory, self-regulated learning, learner autonomy, and metacognition.
Interactive comment on “Albedo and heat transport in 3-dimensional model simulations of the early Archean climate” by H. Kienert et al

This manuscript highlights the impact of the albedo and heat transport on the early Earth climate for different pCO2 (0.4, 0.6, and 0.8bar). The sections 3.5 to 4.1 are clearly the most interesting parts of the manuscript and are potentially important to understand the effects of the ocean dynamic on the early Earth climate (faster rotation rate, a reduced continental crust, .). This study demonstrates that in warmer conditions, a supposed characteristic of the early Earth climate, the meridional heat transport tends to decrease, the oceanic overturning being partially governed by the absence of continents. If this paper has the potential to become a valuable contriC365
Chronology of Vegetation and Paleoclimatic Stages of Northwestern Russia During the Late Glacial and Holocene

We have studied 6 reference sections of bog and lake sediments in the Leningrad and Novgorod provinces to develop a geochronological scale for vegetational and paleoclimatic changes in northwestern Russia during the Late Glacial and Holocene. Every 10-cm layer along the peat and gyttja sections (4–8.5 m thick) was investigated palynologically and the great majority of them were radiocarbon dated. Using the data obtained, standard palynological diagrams were plotted and vegetation history reconstructed. The palynozones indicated on the diagrams were related to the climatic periods and subperiods (phases) of the Blytt-Sernander scheme. On the basis of 230 14C dates obtained, we derived the geochronology of climatic periods and phases, as well as the chronology for the appearance and areal distribution of forest-forming tree species. The uppermost peat layers were dated by using the “bomb effect”. We compared the stages of Holocene vegetation and paleoclimatic changes discovered for the Leningrad and Novgorod provinces with the those obtained for Karelia, which we had studied earlier using the same methodology.
Protandric Simultaneous Hermaphroditism in Parhippolyte misticia (Clark, 1989) (Caridea: Hippolytidae): Implications for the Evolution of Mixed Sexual Systems in Shrimp

ABSTRACT The sexual system of the shrimp Parhippolyte misticia (Clark, 1989), inhabiting the rocky subtidal at Okinawa, Japan and Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea, was examined. Dissections suggested that the population consisted of male phase (MP) and functional simultaneous euhermaphrodite (EH) individuals. MPs have cincinulli and appendices masculinae on the first and second pair of pleopods, respectively, gonopores located at the coxae of the third pair of walking legs, and ovotestes with a well-developed male portion containing sperm, but an undeveloped female portion. EHs lacked appendices masculinae and cincinulli. However, they have male gonopores and ovotestes with well-developed ovaries containing mature oöcytes and testes with sperm. When EHs were maintained in pairs, both shrimp molted and spawned eggs which attached below the pleon and developed as embryos, demonstrating that EHs can reproduce as males and inseminate other EHs acting as females. These results demonstrate that P. misticia is a protandric simultaneous hermaphrodite, as reported before for other shrimp of the genera Lysmata and Exhippolysmata. Also, these results suggest that protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism might have evolved more than once independently in shrimp from the diverse and species-rich Infraorder Caridea. Future research aimed at disentangling the phylogenetic relationship of Parhippolyte, Lysmata, Exhippolysmata and other closely related genera (Calliasmata, Lysmatella, Barbouria) and describing the sociobiology of additional representatives from the genera above is needed to understand the evolutionary history of sexual systems in caridean shrimp.
To Reveal or To Cloak? Effects of Identity Salience on Stereotype Threat Responses in Avatar-Represented Group Contexts

With rapid advances in digital technologies, the popularity of avatars - digital representations of people in computer-mediated environments - is growing. Avatars allow people to visually represent their offline social identity, or selectively render certain layer(s) of their social identity less identifiable or unidentifiable in online environments. The present research investigated how African Americans, whose racial identity often suffers negative stereotyping, responded to stereotype threat when they performed a stereotype-relevant task with 2 ostensible coactors in an avatar-represented group setting. A 2 ✕ 2 between-participants design manipulated salience of racial identity (salient vs. nonsalient) and performance context (competition vs. cooperation), and assessed the extent to which participants persisted on an extremely challenging stereotype- relevant task (unsolvable anagram). The results showed that in the context of competition, participants in the race-nonsalient avatar group persisted significantly longer on the unsolvable anagram than did those in the race- salient avatar group; however, in the context of cooperation, no significant difference was found between the 2 avatar groups. The findings indicate that the effects of identity salience as varied by different types of avatars (identity-revealing vs. identity-cloaking) on identity-associated threat may be moderated by the contexts of performance in which the target individuals are situated.
DETERMINANTS OF THE CONCEPT OF CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT IN MANUFACTURING COMPANY - CASE STUDY

The article concerns the application of the continuous improvement concept and its evolution taking place in a manufacturing company from its implementation to the achievement of the maturity phase. It presents a theoretical analysis of the continuous improvement concept from the Deming’s definition to modern interpretations. Next, the results of research on the identification and analysis of the factors determining the realization of this concept are discussed in a company producing electronic components and the results of its application on the three levels of the organization are presented, such as: management, team and individual.
Rate of Immunological Failure and its Predictors among Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at Debremarkos Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow up Study

Background: In a resource-limited setting, patients on antiretroviral treatment are monitored by using immunological and clinical assessment due to the inaccessibility of viral load monitoring. The aim of this study was to assess the rate and predictors of immunological failure among patients taking highly active antiretroviral treatment at Debremarkos hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: Retrospective follow up study was conducted at Debremarkos hospital on 509 adults who had started antiretroviral treatment during the period between January 01, 2007 and April 01, 2008. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Life table and Kaplan-Meier curve was used to estimate the cumulative probablities and median time for immunologic failure respectively. Cox proportional hazard model was fitted to compute hazard ratios with their 95% confidence intervals. Result: The median follow up time was 36 months (Inter Quartile Range (IQR) = 12-49 months). 107 (21%) patients had developed immunological failure with a failure rate of 8 per 100 patient-years of follow up. Recurrent pneumonia infection (Adjusted Hazards Ratio (AHR)=1.62, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.40), unemployment (AHR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.74), inability to work due to health problem (AHR= 2.19, 95%CI: 1.20, 4.02), baseline CD4 count ≤ 100 cells/ mm3 (AHR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.44, 3.25) and change in body weight (AHR: 4.34, 95% CI: 2.93, 3.23) were significant predictors of immunological failure. Conclusion: The immunological failure rate was found to be high. Recurrent pneumonia infection, being unemployed, inability to work, baseline CD4count less than 100 cells/mm3 and decrease in body weight were predictors of immunological failure. Early initiation of highly active antiretroviral treatment, attempt to improve Socioeconomic status of patients, and counseling patients to have protein rich diets would prevent early immunologic failure.
A Differential Quadrature Procedure with Direct Projection of the Heaviside Function for Numerical Solution of Moving Load Problem

OWING TO ITS PARTICULAR CHARACTERISTICS, THE DIRECT DISCRETIZATION OF THE DIRAC-DELTA FUNCTION IS NOT FEASIBLE WHEN POINT DISCRETIZATION METHODS LIKE THE DIFFERENTIAL QUADRATURE METHOD (DQM) ARE AP-PLIED. A WAY FOR OVERCOMING THIS DIFFICULTY IS TO APPROXIMATE (OR REGULARIZE) THE DIRAC-DELTA FUNCTION WITH SIMPLE MATHEMATICAL FUNC-TIONS. BY REGULARIZING THE DIRAC-DELTA FUNCTION, SUCH SINGULAR FUNC-TION IS TREATED AS NON-SINGULAR FUNCTIONS AND CAN BE EASILY AND DIRECTLY DISCRETIZED USING THE DQM. ON THE OTHER HAND, IT IS POSSI-BLE TO COMBINE THE DQM WITH THE INTEGRAL QUADRATURE METHOD (IQM) TO HANDLE THE DIRAC-DELTA FUNCTION. ALTERNATIVELY, ONE MAY USE ANOTHER DEI¬NITION OF THE DIRAC-DELTA FUNCTION THAT THE DERIVA-TIVE OF THE HEAVISIDE FUNCTION, H(X), IS THE DIRAC-DELTA FUNCTION, I´(X), IN THE DISTRIBUTION SENSE, NAMELY, DH(X)/DX = I´(X). THIS APPROACH HAS BEEN REFERRED IN THE LITERATURE AS THE DIRECT PROJECTION APPROACH. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT ALTHOUGH THIS APPROACH YIELDS HIGHLY OSCILLATORY APPROXIMATION OF THE DIRAC-DELTA FUNCTION, IT CAN YIELD A NON-OSCILLATORY APPROXIMATION OF THE SOLUTION. IN THIS PAPER, WE FIRST PRESENT A MODIFIED DIRECT PROJECTION APPROACH THAT ELIMI-NATES SUCH DIFFICULTY (OSCILLATORY APPROXIMATION OF THE DIRAC-DELTA FUNCTION). WE THEN DEMONSTRATE THE APPLICABILITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE PROPOSED METHOD BY APPLYING IT TO SOME MOVING LOAD PROBLEMS OF BEAMS AND RECTANGULAR PLATES.