Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CAN PROPHYLACTIC ORAL ERYTHROMYCIN REDUCE TIME TO FULL ENTERAL FEEDS IN PRETERM NEONATES?

Efficacy of oral, prophylactic erythromycin in reducing the time to establish full enteral feeds (150 ml/kg/day) was assessed in neonates <32 weeks, ready for enteral feeds. Seventy‐three consecutive neonates were randomised to receive oral erythromycin ethyl succinate (n=36) or placebo (n=37) in a double‐blind trial until full enteral feeds or 14 days of therapy were reached. A prospectively designed feeding regimen, including plan of action for signs of feed intolerance, was common for all enrolled neonates. The median gestational age, birth weight and postnatal age at start of feeds were 29 versus 30 weeks (p=0.40), 1232 versus 1280 g (p=0.96) and 5 versus 5 days (p=0.84) for erythromycin and placebo group, respectively. Time to achieve full feeds was not significantly different in the two groups. (median times: erythromycin 93.5 versus placebo 104 hours, p=0.60). Erythromycin‐related side‐effects did not occur.
The Relationship between Child Stress, Child Mindfulness and Parent Mindfulness

The current study tested the degree to which mindfulness in parents was directly and indirectly related to stress levels in children. A community sample of 68 parent-child dyads completed self-report surveys (Children: Mage = 10.70, SD = 2.6; 52% female, 48% male; Parents: Mage = 42.70, SD = 9.6; 72% female, 28% male). Multiple regression analyses revealed that both parent mindfulness and child mindfulness were significantly and negatively related to child stress levels. However, mindfulness in children did not mediate the relationship between mindfulness in parents and stress in children. This study contributes to the emerging literature on the effects of mindful parenting on child wellbeing and provides practical suggestions for how parents and children can increase their mindfulness.
Proposing processes of global performance management: an analysis of the literature

Purpose - – Global performance management (GPM) systems are a central element of measuring the efficacy of an increasingly complex array of global mobility activities – an element that has developed rapidly in the last ten years or so. This conceptual review of GPM consists of four major sections. First, three approaches to international human resource management are presented. Second, the paper discusses three models of performance management, one some 24 years old and grounded in a long tradition of formalized, explicit universalistic US-based performance management theory and two more recent conceptual reviews particular to global issues of performance management. Third, the paper presents a four-stage process model of GPM. Each of the four stages will be discussed in turn, and the various perspectives of recent empirical and conceptual publications on GPM will be mapped onto the four stage model. The purpose of this paper is to conclude with a discussion of recommendations for how this process model can speed the development of research in this new topic domain. The paper also suggests that practitioners may use a modified version of this four step process model to initiate a more systematic global audit of the nature and effectiveness of their array of global assignments. Design/methodology/approach - – This conceptual review paper consists of a proposed framework for understanding how issues of global standardization and local customization may be understood while examples of issues applied to the framework are presented from a review of articles from 2002 until 2013. The concentrated review going back some ten years was an effort to find a sample large and relevant enough to capture a rapidly developing field, while being small enough to allow a meaningful analysis of results. Findings - – Whereas there are a number of articles in the recent literature reviewing local applications of extant GPM systems, there is very little empirical research on how these systems are designed or how they are evaluated and the results applied on a micro (individual expatriate or local employee) level or on a macro (firm) level. Originality/value - – The paper concludes with a series of observations on the results of the analysis and suggestions for future research, so that the academic and professional communities may move forward in this topic domain in a more efficient, complete and coordinated fashion.
Constraint Satisfaction Processes in Social Reasoning

We show that constraint satisfaction processes (coherence based reasoning) play an important role in social reasoning, and that social reasoning violates key assumptions of classic models of judgment and decision-making. Constraint satisfaction models predict a bi-directional flow of influence between evaluations of evidence for a judgment and the judgment itself, such that an evolving judgment can influence the evaluation of evidence. In contrast, models of judgment and decision-making, such as Bayesian models, SEU and Information Integration Theory assume that the direction of influence is only from the evaluations to the judgment. We examined two very different social reasoning tasks, a judgment about whether a young dating couple would get married, and a legal case about the guilt of a defendant charged with murder. In both studies, subjects exhibited strong coherence effects, such that the evaluation of evidence shifted over time to become more coherent with the final judgment. We note the similarity of constraint satisfaction models to classic cognitive consistency theories in social psychology, such as Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Depression Symptom Discontinuities over the Course of Treatment for Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

by STEPHANIE MARIE KELLER Changes in symptoms during depression treatment occur discontinuously and such discontinuities predict better outcome (Hayes et al., 2007a). While depression commonly co-occurs with PTSD, we know little about how change unfolds in depression symptoms during PTSD treatment. This study examined transitions in depression symptoms during PTSD treatment, namely sudden gains and depression spikes. Social support was examined as a predictor of these symptom fluctuations. At pre-treatment, 200 participants with a primary diagnosis of PTSD completed measures of PTSD and depression severity, and social support. During 10 weeks of prolonged exposure or sertraline, depression was assessed. Overall, 18% of participants experienced a depression sudden gain and 22.5% experienced a transient depression spike. Higher negative trauma-related support was associated with experiencing a depression spike. Similar rates of depression discontinuities occurred between treatments. Sudden gains predicted better treatment outcome. Clinicians should be encouraged that transient depression worsenings were not associated with poorer outcome.
Buccal absorption of triclosan following topical mouthrinse application.

PURPOSE To determine clinically the buccal absorption and plaque retention of triclosan from a mouthrinse containing 0.03% triclosan. MATERIALS AND METHODS 15 ml of the triclosan oral rinse (N=9) or placebo mouthrinse (N=12) was used twice daily for 21 days in humans. Blood, dental plaque and the expectorated oral rinse were collected prior to, during the treatment period at given intervals, and 8 days after the treatment. Dental plaque and blood samples were collected 1 hr and 4 hr after the morning rinse, respectively. The oral retention of triclosan was calculated by subtracting the amount of triclosan recovered in the expectorate from the triclosan dose applied (4.50 mg) in the mouthrinse. Plasma samples were analyzed for free triclosan (the parent molecule) and its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, whereas dental plaque was analyzed only for total triclosan. RESULTS No significant treatment-related adverse effects were observed during the clinical phase of the study. The average daily oral retention of triclosan was calculated to be 0.660 mg, which is 7.33% of the triclosan dose applied (2 x 4.50 mg). Plaque contained an average 20.5-46.4 microg of triclosan per g of plaque collected. At various sampling times, mean plasma concentrations were: no detectable triclosan, 63.8-86.3 microg/ml of triclosan glucuronide and 8.23-18.0 ng/ml of triclosan sulfate. The mean total triclosan plasma concentration ranged from 74.5 to 94.2 microg/ml with plateau concentrations reached after 2 days of dosing. Eight days after the last treatment the triclosan plasma concentration returned to baseline levels (< 2 ng/ml).
National Beef Quality Audit: survey of producer-related defects and carcass quality and quantity attributes.

To assess the then-current population of fed beef cattle for quality defects, the federally inspected beef steer and heifer slaughter in 28 packing plants was surveyed during a 3-mo period (October to December 1991). Data were collected over the course of 1 d of production at chain speed. Carcasses were selected randomly to include 50 and 10% of each lot on the slaughter floor and in the cooler, respectively. Slaughter floor defects evaluated were brand location and size, degree of bruising, grubs and injection sites, condemnation of offal, and the presence of mud and horns. USDA grade factors and other data were collected in the cooler. The distribution of hot-iron brand scars on the hide for the sample was as follows: cattle with no brand, 55.0%; cattle with butt brands, 29.9%; cattle with side brands, 13.8%; and cattle with shoulder brands, . 8%. In addition, 83.3, 85.6, 76.6, 97.3, 99.9, and 99.8% of the carcasses had no superficial bruising in the chuck, rib, loin, round, brisket, and other areas of the carcass, respectively. The incidence of viscera condemnations for livers, lungs, tripe, and total viscera were 19.2, 5.1, 3.5, and . 1%, respectively. Means for the carcass traits were as follows: USDA yield grade, 3.1; hot carcass weight, 344.7 kg; adjusted fat thickness, 1.5 cm; longissimus muscle area, 83.4 cm2; kidney, pelvic, and heart fat, 2.2%; USDA quality grade, high Select; marbling score, Small-minus; and overall maturity, A69.
CDP and AP‐2 mediated repression mechanism of the replication‐dependent hamster histone H3.2 promoter

The replication‐dependent hamster histone H3.2 promoter contains two tandem CCAAT repeats located upstream of the TATA element. It has been shown that the NF‐Y/CBF complex binds to a single CCAAT motif with high affinity, whereas the CCAAT displacement protein (CDP) binds to at least two CCAAT motifs in close proximity. Here, we report that the two CCAAT motifs within the H3.2 promoter confer transcriptional repression of the promoter during the cell cycle. While we cannot detect direct association of CDP with Rb in vitro, we discover that CDP can bind AP‐2, a ubiquitous factor that interacts with Rb. The interaction domains between CDP and AP‐2 are mapped to the highly conserved cut repeats of CDP as well as the basic and dimerization region of AP‐2. Further, in transfection assays, CDP and AP‐2 act synergistically to suppress the H3.2 promoter. Together, these data support a repression mechanism mediated by CDP and AP‐2 that regulates H3.2 gene expression during the mammalian cell cycle. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 699–707, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcome From Therapeutic Hypothermia and EEG

Purpose The aim of this study is to characterize the significance of EEG findings during therapeutic hypothermia. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed continuous EEG monitoring data of every patient treated with therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest from January 2008 to December 2009. EEG data were correlated with a functional outcome at the time of discharge. Results Data from 26 patients (14 men and 12 women) were reviewed. All the patients were treated with therapeutic hypothermia. The mean age was 60.3 years. The initial EEG background was severely depressed in 13 patients, suppression-burst pattern was present in 4 patients, alpha or theta coma pattern was present in 2 patients, generalized slow-wave activity was present in 3 patients, and generalized periodic epileptiform discharges were present in 4 patients. Epileptiform activity was present in 10 patients (38.5%). Initial background activity with generalized slow-wave activity correlated with better prognosis compared with other types of background activity (P = 0.017). Conclusions The majority of patients (20 of 26) had poor outcomes despite therapeutic hypothermia. Continuous EEG background with generalized slow-wave activity correlated with survival and better prognosis in this study.
MALARIA AND HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES

Objectives: The hematological changes associated with acute malaria are well recognized. This study was conducted to assess and compare the incidence and severity of hematological changes in various types of malaria in adult population. Methodology: This observational study included 133 acute malaria patients admitted in the Infectious Diseases Unit of Rashid Hospital Dubai (JCI accredited) UAE, during January 2005 to December 2007. The diagnosis of malaria was confirmed by thick and thin film stained with Leishman , s staining for malarial parasite. Slides were reviewed by hematologist and FBC were performed using an automated Beckman Coulter machine. Results: Overall 83% of the patient had thrombocytopenia, 64% anemia, 24% lymphopenia and 10% monocytosis. The incidence of thrombocytopenia was slightly more in P. Falciparum (87%) than P. Vivax (81%) cases, p value >0.05, where as there was no significant difference in the incidence of anemia in two groups (67% vs 63%)-p value >0.05. However, lymphopenia was observed in 36% in P. Vivax as compared to 15% in P.Falciparum cases, p value <0.04. Eosinophil and basophil count was normal in both groups. Conclusions: P.Falciparum as well as P.Vivax can cause significant hematological changes with high frequency of thromboctopenia, anemia lymphopenia and monocytosis.
The Future of Cancer Therapy: Selecting Patients Likely to Respond to PD1/L1 Blockade

It is conceivable that, in the near future, an assay that defines the likelihood of a patient with advanced cancer to respond to immunotherapy based on PD1/L1 blockade will be the initial decision point to select the treatment of patients with any cancer type. Clin Cancer Res; 20(19); 4982–4. ©2014 AACR.
The single C‐terminal helix of human phospholipid scramblase 1 is required for membrane insertion and scrambling activity

Human phospholipid scramblase 1 (hPLSCR1) belongs to the ATP‐independent class of phospholipid translocators which possess a single EF‐hand‐like Ca2+‐binding motif and also a C‐terminal helix (CTH). The CTH domain of hPLSCR1 was believed to be a putative single transmembrane helix at the C‐terminus. Recent homology modeling studies by Bateman et al. predicted that the hydrophobic nature of this helix is due to its packing in the core of the protein domain and proposed that this is not a true transmembrane helix [Bateman A, Finn RD, Sims PJ, Wiedmer T, Biegert A & Johannes S. Bioinformatics 2008, 25, 159]. To determine the exact function of the CTH of hPLSCR1, we deleted the CTH domain and determined: (a) whether CTH plays any role beyond membrane anchorage, (b) the functional consequences of CTH deletion, and (c) any conformational changes associated with CTH in a lipid environment. In vitro reconstitution studies confirm that the predicted CTH is required for membrane insertion and scrambling activity. CTH deletion caused a 50% decrease in binding affinity of Ca2+ for ∆CTH‐hPLSCR1 (Ka = 115 μm) compared with hPLSCR1 (Ka = 249 μm). Far UV‐CD studies revealed that the CTH peptide adopts α‐helicity only in the presence of SDS micelles and negatively charged vesicles, indicating that electrostatic interactions are required for insertion of the peptide. CTH peptide‐quenching studies confirm that the predicted CTH inserts into the membrane and its ability to interact with the membrane depends on the presence of charge interactions. TOXCAT assay revealed that CTH of hPLSCR1 does not oligomerize in the membrane. We conclude that CTH is required for membrane insertion and Ca2+ coordination and also plays an important role in the functional conformation of hPLSCR1.
Pulmonary tuberculosis in Norwegian patients. The role of reactivation, re-infection and primary infection assessed by previous mass screening data and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.

SETTING Norwegian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis notified to the National Tuberculosis Register in 1975, 1985 and 1995. OBJECTIVE To assess the proportion of cases attributable to endogenous reactivation, exogenous re-infection and primary infection. DESIGN We reviewed patients notified with sputum smear and/or culture confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in 1975 (50% random sample, 95 cases), 1985 (133 cases) and 1995 (70 cases). Information on previous chest X-ray, tuberculin and BCG status was collected from mass screening data files. Strains from 54 patients in 1995 were analysed by IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing and compared with culture-positive patients notified between 1994 and 1997. RESULTS Most patients had previously had tuberculosis (65% in 1975, 53% in 1985 and 61% in 1995), either notified with tuberculosis or with X-ray findings indicating previous tuberculosis. Another 10% had a prior infection, but normal X-rays. No previous tuberculosis infection or disease was found in 10% in 1975, 19% in 1985, and 16% in 1995. Of 54 patients with RFLP results, three were caused by laboratory contamination. Of the remaining 51, eight (16%) belonged to a cluster. Among 45 patients with results of both RFLP typing and mass screening, 37 (82.2%) were probably caused by reactivation, six (13.3%) by re-infection and two (4.4%) by primary infection. CONCLUSION Pulmonary tuberculosis in Norwegian patients can mainly be attributed to reactivation, predominantly in persons with previous changes on chest X-ray.
An empirical study on sentiment analysis for Vietnamese

This paper presents an empirical study on machine learning based sentiment analysis for Vietnamese, in which we focus on the task of sentiment classification. We investigate the task regarding both learning model and linguistics feature aspects. We also introduce an annotated corpus for sentiment classification extracted from hotel reviews in Vietnamese and conduct a series of experiments and analyses on that corpus. The paper provides useful information for further research as well as for building a real sentiment analysis system for Vietnamese.
Childhood Environment and Gender Gaps in Adulthood

We show that differences in childhood environments play an important role in shaping gender gaps in adulthood by documenting three facts using population tax records for children born in the 1980s. First, gender gaps in employment rates, earnings, and college attendance vary substantially across the parental income distribution. Notably, the traditional gender gap in employment rates is reversed for children growing up in poor families: boys in families in the bottom quintile of the income distribution are less likely to work than girls. Second, these gender gaps vary substantially across counties and commuting zones in which children grow up. The degree of variation in outcomes across places is largest for boys growing up in poor, single-parent families. Third, the spatial variation in gender gaps is highly correlated with proxies for neighborhood disadvantage. Low-income boys who grow up in high-poverty, high-minority areas work significantly less than girls. These areas also have higher rates of crime, suggesting that boys growing up in concentrated poverty substitute from formal employment to crime. Together, these findings demonstrate that gender gaps in adulthood have roots in childhood, perhaps because childhood disadvantage is especially harmful for boys.
Locus of control and anomie in Western and African cultures.

Summary Applicability of locus of control subscales in studying powerlessness and its relationship to alienation was examined and compared in male and female college students in four cultural groups: Northeastern Nigerians (n = 97), Black Zimbabweans (n = 70), White Rhodesians (n = 57), and United States Americans (n = 200). Results supported hypotheses derived from theory and past factor-analytic work suggesting that Personal Control has deep-seated cultural roots and is less subject to fluctuations than Control Ideology and Social Control which are influenced by political and economic factors. Personal Control showed no significant differences between the culturally more similar groups (Americans and Rhodesians; and Nigerians and Zimbabweans), while Control Ideology and System Control were significantly different comparing the two African samples. Even though there were cross-cultural differences on locus of control and correlations between locus of control and anomie, only slight cross-cultural differe.
Stable Patterns of Allelic Diversity at the Merozoite Surface Protein‐1 Locus of Plasmodium falciparum in Clinical Isolates from Southern Vietnam

ABSTRACT The extent of allelic diversity at the Merozoite Surface Protein‐1 locus of Plasmodium falciparum (PfMSP‐1) was examined in isolates collected from symptomatic patients living in a mesoendemic area in southern Vietnam. The variable blocks 2, 4 and 10 were typed by polymerase chain reaction and 24 PfMSP‐1 gene types were defined as unique combinations of allelic types detected in each variable block. Nineteen PfMSP‐1 gene types were identified and 182 parasite populations were fully typed among 102 isolates. Forty‐eight (47%) patients harbored more than one typed parasite population, and one patient had at least eight genetically distinct subpopulations. As previously shown in the same endemic area, recombination between blocks 4 and 10 was significantly less frequent than expected from random assortment of allelic types. The distribution of PfMSP‐1 gene types, however, did not differ significantly from that observed in isolates collected in the same area 17‐24 mo before the present study. Furthermore, the prevalence of the most common gene types and the average number of different gene types harbored by the same host did not decrease with age. This argues against the prominence of frequency‐dependent immune selection of PfMSP‐1 polymorphisms in this parasite population.
The Heat Shock Protein YbeY Is Required for Optimal Activity of the 30S Ribosomal Subunit

ABSTRACT The highly conserved bacterial ybeY gene is a heat shock gene whose function is not fully understood. Previously, we showed that the YbeY protein is involved in protein synthesis, as Escherichia coli mutants with ybeY deleted exhibit severe translational defects in vivo. Here we show that the in vitro activity of the translation machinery of ybeY deletion mutants is significantly lower than that of the wild type. We also show that the lower efficiency of the translation machinery is due to impaired 30S small ribosomal subunits.