Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiments on neoclassical asymmetric superbanana ripple transport in electron plasma

Ripples in magnetic or electrostatic confinement fields give rise to trapping separatrices, and the conventional neoclassical helical ripple transport describes phenomena coming from the collisional trapping/detrapping of particles in the helical ripple wells. Our experiments and novel theory have now characterized a new kind of neoclassical transport processes arising from chaotic (collisionless) separatrix crossings, which occur due to equilibrium E×B plasma rotation along poloidally asymmetric (ruffled) separatrices, and due to wave-induced separatrix modulations. PACS: 52.25. Fi, 52.27. Aj
Mothers living with HIV/AIDS: Mental, physical, and family functioning

There has been little work assessing the psychological condition of mothers living with HIV, their home life, and how these women function as caretakers with a chronic illness. In this study, interviews were conducted with 135 HIV symptomatic or AIDS diagnosed mothers of young, well children aged 6-11. White mothers were less likely to be severely ill (CD4 counts of < 500) than all other race/ethnic groups. The mean level of depression was elevated among this sample, and was associated with poorer cohesion in the family, and with poorer family sociability. Depression also was associated with the mothers being less able to perform tasks that they typically do; children of more depressed mothers had increased responsibilities for household tasks.
Experience with testis sparing surgery for testicular teratoma.

PURPOSE Testicular teratoma is a rare neoplasm affecting the pediatric population and has classically been reported to be the second most common testis tumor in children behind yolk sac tumors. Testicular teratomas are benign and partial orchiectomy may be considered. We describe our single institution experience with testicular teratoma and definitive treatment with testis preserving surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the pathology records at our institution for all testicular and paratesticular tumors diagnosed between 1976 and November 2002 in males younger than 18 years. We specifically examined the prepubertal incidence of teratoma, including epidermoid cysts, and our experience with testis preserving surgery. Preoperative and postoperative ultrasonography images were used to calculate the atrophy index following surgery. Patients were contacted for long-term followup. RESULTS Of 77 primary testicular and paratesticular tumors 38 were diagnosed in prepubertal boys (age younger than 13 years) including 11 mature teratomas and 5 epidermoid cysts. Mean patient age at treatment was 34.4 months (range 4 months to 10 years). All boys presented with a painless scrotal mass, cystic foci within an intratesticular mass on ultrasound and a normal alpha-fetoprotein level. Of the 16 boys with benign teratomas 13 (81%) were treated with a testis sparing procedure. At a mean 7-year followup no patient has presented with recurrent tumor in the ipsilateral or contralateral testicle. Postoperative physical examination and scrotal ultrasound were obtained in 9 patients at a median followup of 10.2 months, and there was no evidence of testicular atrophy or persistent discomfort. CONCLUSIONS Unlike previously published series based on tumor registries, benign teratoma was the most common pediatric testicular tumor treated at our institution. Our single institution experience with testis preservation and long-term followup confirms the role and safety of this technique. Testis sparing surgery remains our technique of choice for testicular teratoma.
Role of TRPV ion channels in sensory transduction of osmotic stimuli in mammals

In signal transduction of metazoan cells, ion channels of the family of transient receptor potential (TRP) have been identified to respond to diverse external and internal stimuli, amongst them osmotic stimuli. This report highlights findings pertaining to the TRPV subfamily, focusing on mammalian members. Of the six mammalian TRPV channels, TRPV1, 2 and 4 were demonstrated to function in transduction of osmotic stimuli. TRPV channels have been found to function in cellular as well as systemic osmotic homeostasis. In a striking example of evolutionary conservation of function, mammalian TRPV4 has been found to rescue osmosensory deficits of the TRPV mutant strain osm‐9 in Caenorhabditis elegans, despite not more than 26% orthology of the respective proteins.
Psicopatología en la adolescencia: relación entre aspectos psicopatológicos, variables sociodemográficas y competencias en una población de jóvenes uruguayos

En esta Tesis se propone discurrir sobre las diferencias psicopatologicas, desde un encare conceptual donde se concibe que los seres humanos comparten semejanzas -aun sus peculiaridades- adoptando una metodologia de tipo nomotetico, a partir de un enfoque factorial. Se desarrolla a partir de una mirada hacia los antecedentes historicos de las conceptualizaciones psicopatologicas, pasando por la fundamentacion de la metodologia taxonomica propuesta, para llegar a los resultados del estudio con una poblacion adolescente. El Objetivo se centra en el desarrollo de un estudio exploratorio sobre aspectos psicopatologicos, variables sociodemograficas y competencias, en una poblacion adolescente (M=360; Edades entre 11 y 19 anos) de una institucion educativa de nivel secundario de la ciudad de Montevideo, Uruguay El marco teorico y las cuestiones metodologicas se sustentan en el Sistema de Evaluacion basado Empiricamente de Thomas M. Achenbach y col. (1991 y s.s.). Los estudios comparativos tuvieron como referencia los hallazgos de Lopez Soler y colaboradores en la Region de Murcia (1998 y s.s.), los del propio autor y otros investigadores que ampliaron el marco de analisis. El Instrumento usado fue el Autoreporte para Jovenes de T. M. Achenbach, adaptacion espanola de Lemos, Hidalgo, Calvo y Menendez (1992), version linguistica para el pais (Daset, 1999). Se realizo un Analisis de Componentes Principales de 1er. Orden General y segun sexo y grupos de edad ( menor que 15 / = mayor que 15 anos); a partir de los cuales se obtuvieron los Sindromes de Banda Estrecha. Por Analisis de Componentes Principales de 2o Orden se extrajeron los Sindromes de Banda Ancha. Los criterios usados fueron de Eigen=1 y Rotacion ortogonal de tipo Varimax. Se realizaron Analisis de Varianza, asi como de Prevalencia y Correlacion. RESULTADOS: El Coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach es de . 923. Se extrajeron 10 Facto
Genome-Wide Identification and Comprehensive Expression Profiling of Ribosomal Protein Small Subunit (RPS) Genes and their Comparative Analysis with the Large Subunit (RPL) Genes in Rice

Ribosomal proteins (RPs) are indispensable in ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis, and play a crucial role in diverse developmental processes. Our previous studies on Ribosomal Protein Large subunit (RPL) genes provided insights into their stress responsive roles in rice. In the present study, we have explored the developmental and stress regulated expression patterns of Ribosomal Protein Small (RPS) subunit genes for their differential expression in a spatiotemporal and stress dependent manner. We have also performed an in silico analysis of gene structure, cis-elements in upstream regulatory regions, protein properties and phylogeny. Expression studies of the 34 RPS genes in 13 different tissues of rice covering major growth and developmental stages revealed that their expression was substantially elevated, mostly in shoots and leaves indicating their possible involvement in the development of vegetative organs. The majority of the RPS genes have manifested significant expression under all abiotic stress treatments with ABA, PEG, NaCl, and H2O2. Infection with important rice pathogens, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Rhizoctonia solani also induced the up-regulation of several of the RPS genes. RPS4, 13a, 18a, and 4a have shown higher transcript levels under all the abiotic stresses, whereas, RPS4 is up-regulated in both the biotic stress treatments. The information obtained from the present investigation would be useful in appreciating the possible stress-regulatory attributes of the genes coding for rice ribosomal small subunit proteins apart from their functions as house-keeping proteins. A detailed functional analysis of independent genes is required to study their roles in stress tolerance and generating stress- tolerant crops.
Nonnegative realization of complex spectra

We consider a list of complex numbers ¤ = {¸1, ¸2, . , ¸n} and give a simple and efficient sufficient condition for the existence of an n × n nonnegative matrix with spectrum ¤. Our result extends a previous one for a list of real numbers given in (Linear Algebra Appl., 416:844-856, 2006). In particular, we show how to construct a nonnegative matrix with prescribed complex eigenvalues and diagonal entries. As a by-product, we also construct Hermitian matrices with prescribed spectrum, whose entries have nonnegative real parts.
Turbulent Boundary-Layer Separation

This article summarizes our present understanding of the physical behavior of two-dimensional turbulent separated flows, which occur due to adverse pressure gradients around streamlined and bluff bodies. The physical behavior of turbulence is flow dependent, so detailed experimental infor­ mation is needed for understanding such flows and modeling their physics for calculation methods. An earlier review (Simpson 1 985) discussed in much detail prior experimental and computational work, and this was followed by an updated review of calculation methods only (Simpson 1 987). Here additional recent references are added to those cited in the two other works. By separation, we mean the entire process of departure or breakaway, or the breakdown of boundary-layer flow. An abrupt thickening of the rotational-flow region next to a wall and significant values of the normal­ to-wall velocity component must accompany breakaway, or otherwise this region would not have any significant interaction with the free-stream flow. This unwanted interaction causes a reduction in the performance of the flow device of interest (e.g. a loss of lift on an airfoil or a loss of pressure rise in a diffuser). It is too narrow a view to use vanishing surface shearing stress or flow reversal as the criterion for separation. Only in steady two-dimensional flow do these conditions usually accompany separation. In unsteady two­ dimensional flow the surface shear stress can change sign with flow reversal without the occurrence of breakaway_ Conversely, the breakdown of the boundary-layer concept can occur before any flow reversal is encountered. In three-dimensional flow the rotational layer can depart without the
Manual of Clinical Problems in Pulmonary Medicine

That's it, a book to wait for in this month. Even you have wanted for long time for releasing this book manual of clinical problems in pulmonary medicine; you may not be able to get in some stress. Should you go around and seek fro the book until you really get it? Are you sure? Are you that free? This condition will force you to always end up to get a book. But now, we are coming to give you excellent solution.
Characterization and classification of soils of granitic terrain in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh

The soils observed around granitic terrain occurring on low (Kanchanpur), middle (Garha) and high (Gupteshwar) topographic positions in the district of Jabalpur were characterised for their morphology, physical and chemical properties. The Kanchanpur soils are very deep, very dark grayish brown to very dark gray in colour and dominantly clayey in texture, and classified as Typic Haplusterts. Moderately deep, dark gray and clayey Garha soils have been placed as Vertic Ustochrepts. The deep Gupteshwar soils having clay skins on ped surfaces find their placement in Typic Haplustalfs. Additional keywords: Granite derived soils, landscape, soil taxonomy.
User-Network Cooperation-Based Sleep Scheduling for Communication Networks

The redundant design and dynamic nature of traffic raise an energy inefficiency issue in communication networks. We exploit the selfishness of both users and the network to schedule cooperatively the idle links and nodes into sleep to save energy. We first formulate the sleep scheduling problem from a perspective of routing, and then propose a greedy algorithm to solve the problem. To reduce the complexity of centralized computation, we further propose a user-network cooperation-based mechanism, where the network publishes a proportionally weighted cost-sharing rule related to energy consumption, while the users selfishly choose their routes with the least cost accordingly. The proposed cooperation mechanism attracts users to aggregate their traffic on fewer links and nodes. The network then simply puts the idle links and nodes into sleep. Selfish routing behaviors are modeled by an α-approximate routing game, where the α factor is adopted to consider the energy consumption, packet losses, and delay during re-routing. We prove the equilibrium existence, convergence, and convergence speed of the best responses, and evaluate the lower bound performance in terms of price of anarchy with further improvement by an advertisement method. Distributed algorithms based on the best responses are also developed to implement the cooperative mechanism. Simulation results over network instants from SNDlib show that our game-based algorithms outperform the greedy and heuristic centralized algorithms in saving energy.
Outcomes after severe trauma at a northern Canadian regional trauma centre.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate outcomes of trauma patients at a northern community trauma referral centre that does not meet several of the guidelines for a trauma centre. DESIGN A retrospective study. SETTING Sudbury General Hospital in northern Ontario. PARTICIPANTS All trauma patients admitted between 1991 and 1994 who had an Injury Severity Score (ISS) greater than 12. OUTCOME MEASURES Actual survival to discharge was compared to survival predicted by TRISS analysis. Z, W and M scores were calculated by standard TRISS techniques. RESULTS Of 526 patients with an ISS greater than 12, 416 (79%) were suitable for TRISS analysis. Of these 416 patients, 310 (74%) were men. The mean age was 39 years. Two hundred and sixty-one (63%) patients were admitted directly to the Sudbury General Hospital, whereas 155 (37%) were transferred from other hospitals. The leading causes of injury were motor vehicle-traffic accidents in 48%, motor vehicle-nontraffic in 21% and falls in 8%. Overall, there were more unexpected survivors than patients who died. The Z score for survivors was 4.95, and the W score was 5.65. CONCLUSIONS In the setting of a geographically isolated, medium-volume trauma centre where blunt injuries predominate, excellent trauma survival can be achieved without meeting all trauma centre guidelines for staffing and facilities. Relaxing stringent requirements for the availability of physicians may facilitate surgical recruitment and retention.
The mechanical advantage of the masseter muscle in subjects with different vertical and sagittal facial morphology.

OBJECTIVES To study the relationships between the mechanical advantage of masseter muscle (the ratio between the muscular and the bite force moment arms) and two parameters describing vertical and sagittal facial morphology. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION The Laboratory of Functional Anatomy of the Stomatognathic Apparatus at Milan University, Italy. Four hundred and sixty-eight orthodontic patients (209 males, 259 females) aged between 6 and 50 years. MEASUREMENTS Mechanical advantage of masseter muscle, posterior-to-anterior facial height ratio, corrected ANB* angle were measured in all cephalograms. RESULTS Masseter muscle mechanical advantage was, on average, 79.5% (SD 6.1), ranging between 53 and 94%. No sex-related characteristics were found. A moderate effect of age was found (r = 0.19), with a certain increment in the mean mechanical advantage in adults. No relationship with the corrected ANB* angle was found (r = 0.099), while a significant effect of the posterior-to-anterior facial height ratio was detected (r = 0.542). CONCLUSION The lack of correlation between the mechanical advantage of masseter muscle and corrected ANB* angle might be explained by: (1) when the occlusal point moves depending upon Angle skeletal classification, the ramus width might also modify, and both arms change; (2) the present assessment analysed only the lateral two-dimensional projection of a three-dimensional structure: the retroposition of occlusal point involves also a modification of line slope, and a subsequent reduction of its projection and arm.
Visual search patterns and experience with radiological images.

Eye movements of 24 subjects, including untrained laymen, medical students, radiology residents, and staff radiologists, were recorded while the subjects viewed normal and abnonnal chest radiographs. Evolution of search patterns from the localized central pattern of the untrained observer to the circumferential pattern of the radiologist is discussed. It is postulated that development of the pattern is secondary to development of knowledge about the location and characteristic features of normal and abnormal. Improvement in search patterns comes about as a result of concentrating on clearly defining the abnormal feature that is the object of search and the normal background that envelops it.
Psychological disaster myths in the perception and management of mass emergencies

Disaster myths are said to be widespread and consequential. However, there has been little research on whether those involved in public safety and emergency response believe them. A survey examined how far police officers, civilian safety professionals, sports event stewards and comparison samples from the public believe the myths ‘mass panic’, ‘civil disorder’, and ‘helplessness’. Respondents endorsed the first two myths. However they rejected the myth of helplessness and endorsed the view that emergency crowds display resilience. Despite these contradictions in stated beliefs, there was also evidence of ideological coherence: each model of mass emergency behavior (maladaptive versus resilient) was linked to a model of crowd management (coercive and paternalistic versus mass-democratic). The practical implications of these findings are discussed.
For a Few Cents More: Why Supersize Unhealthy Food?

Health-care experts believe that increases in portion sizes served by food vendors contribute to the obesity epidemic. This paper shows that food vendors can profit handsomely by using supersizing strategies where regular portion sizes are priced sufficiently high to discourage price-conscious consumers from selecting them, and the prices for enlarging food portions are set so low that these customers are tempted to order the larger portion sizes and overeat. Setting aside the impact of obesity on health-care costs, we show that using supersizing to steer customers toward consuming excessive amounts of food can destroy value from a social perspective; thus this social value destruction trap adds another justification for pressuring food vendors to reduce supersizing for unhealthy food. As a public policy response, we consider how “moderating policies” may counter these effects through measures designed specifically to encourage eating in moderation by applying supersizing bans, taxes, and warnings.
A Novel Biological Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle by Enterobacteriaceae Family

Purpose: To demonstrate eco-friendly biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by Enterobacteriaceae. Methods: Pure colonies of nine different bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family were separated from water and cultured in Luria Bertani broth medium. Their respective supernatants were examined for ability to produce gold nanoparticles. In this step, 1 mM solution of Gold(III) chloride trihydrate H(AuCl4) added to reaction matrices (supernatant) separately. The reaction was performed in a dark environment at 37 oC. After 24 h, it was observed that the color of the solutions turned to dark purple from light yellow. The gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for yield, particle size, shape and presence of different functional groups, respectively. The nanoparticles were centrifuged and re-dispersed in double distilled water thrice to purify them for FTIR studies. Results: The gold nanoparticles were fairly uniform in size, spherical in shape and with Z-average diameter ranging from 11.8 to 459 nm depending on the bacteria used. FTIR spectra revealed the presence of various functional groups in the gold nanoparticles which were also present in the bacterial extract. Conclusion: The current approach suggests that rapid synthesis of nanoparticles would be feasible in developing a biological process for mass scale production of gold nanoparticles.
Discounted Continuous-Time Controlled Markov Chains: Convergence of Control Models

We are interested in continuous-time, denumerable state controlled Markov chains (CMCs), with compact Borel action sets, and possibly unbounded transition and reward rates, under the discounted reward optimality criterion. For such CMCs, we propose a definition of a sequence of control models {Mn} converging to a given control model M, which ensures that the discount optimal reward and policies of Mn converge to those of M. As an application, we propose a finite-state and finite-action truncation technique of the original control model M, which is illustrated by approximating numerically the optimal reward and policy of a controlled population system with catastrophes. We study the corresponding convergence rates.
Guide to primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. A statement for healthcare professionals from the Task Force on Risk Reduction. American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee.

The clinical and public health approaches to primary prevention are complementary. Primary prevention refers to guidance given to persons with no known cardiovascular disease. Physicians can contribute to the public health approach through patient education. The first goal of prevention is to prevent the development of risk factors. Physicians should instruct all patients about adopting healthy life habits that will prevent intensification of risk factors. Patient education should be family oriented. Ideally, risk factor prevention begins in childhood. Preventing cigarette smoking by children and adolescents is a prime goal. Another major goal is prevention of overweight and obesity in children and weight gain in adults; overweight lies at the heart of several risk factors. Encouraging life habits that incorporate regular physical activity, especially walking, and active recreational sports likewise will decrease intensity of risk factors. Patients and their …