Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of fortification of fresh cow milk with coconut milk on the proximate composition and yield of warankashi, a traditional cheese

Cheese is a concentrated dairy product produced by acid or rennet coagulation or curdling of milk, stirring and heating the curd, draining off the whey, collecting and pressing the curd. The effect of partial substitution of fresh cow milk with coconut milk on the yield and proximate composition of cheese was examined. Extracted coconut milk was mixed with fresh raw cow milk at varying proportions of 5%: 95%, 10%: 90%, 15%: 85%, 20%: 80%, 25%:75%, 70%: 30% and the control (0%:100%) to produce cheese. The control and the partially substituted cheeses were stored in a refrigerator and examined for sensory quality, percentage yield, total titrable acidity, and proximate analysis. The yield of cheese showed significant (p< 0.05) decrease from 26.71% (control sample) to 13.55% as the level of coconut milk increased. The total titrable acidity of cheese was found to be between the ranges of 0.20% 0.29% which displayed a significant increase from 0.20% 0.29%. The protein content of the cow-coconut cheese blends showed a significant difference (p<0.05) and an increase of 14.05%-15.33% (at 5%30% substitution of coconut milk), with the control sample having 13.75%. There was also an increase in fat content from 9.20% 9.64% (5% 30% substitution of coconut milk, with the control sample having 8.94%. There was a decrease in the carbohydrate content of the cheese blends which ranged between 8.23% -2.82%, with the control sample having 9.60%. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the ash content of the cow-coconut cheese blends, with the control sample having 1.02%. Significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the colour, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptability as influenced by varying proportions of added coconut milk. The blend with 5% coconut milk and 95% cow milk was most acceptable by panellists. The work showed the potential of coconut as an alternative source of milk in cheese making with improved nutritional value and consumer acceptability.
Contamination Particle Behavior of Aerosol Deposited Y2O3 and YF3 Coatings under NF3 Plasma

The internal coatings of chambers exposed to plasma over a long period of time are subject to chemical and physical damage. Contamination particles that are produced by plasma damage to coatings are a major contribution to poor process reliability. In this study, we investigated the behavior of contamination particles produced from plasma damage to Y2O3 and YF3 protective coatings, which were applied by an aerosol deposition method. The coating materials were located at the powered electrode, the grounded electrode, and the grounded wall, which were exposed to a NF3 plasma. The mass loss at the powered electrode, which was exposed to the NF3 plasma etching under an applied bias, showed that the YF3 etching rate was higher than that of Y2O3. Conversely, the mass of coating increased at the grounded electrode and the grounded wall, which were exposed to NF3 plasma etching under zero bias. The mass of the Y2O3 coating increased more than that of the YF3 coating. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the Y2O3 coating corroded to YOxFy in the NF3 plasma, and YF3 existed as YFx. Light scattering sensor analysis showed that the YF3 coating produced fewer contamination particles than did the Y2O3 coating.
Sexual violence and reproductive health outcomes among South African female youths: a contextual analysis.

OBJECTIVES We studied whether female youths from communities with higher sexual violence were at greater risk of negative reproductive health outcomes. METHODS We used data from a 2003 nationally representative household survey of youths aged 15-24 years in South Africa. The key independent variable was whether a woman had ever been threatened or forced to have sex. We aggregated this variable to the community level to determine, with control for individual-level experience with violence, whether the community-level prevalence of violence was associated with HIV status and adolescent pregnancy among female, sexually experienced, never-married youths. RESULTS Youths from communities with greater sexual violence were significantly more likely to have experienced an adolescent pregnancy or to be HIV-positive than were youths from communities experiencing lower sexual violence. Youths from communities with greater community-level violence were also less likely to have used a condom at their last sexual encounter. Individual-level violence was only associated with condom nonuse. CONCLUSIONS Programs to reduce adolescent pregnancies and HIV risk in South Africa and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa must address sexual violence as part of effective prevention strategies.
Gender‐dependent regulation of hypoxic ventilation in mouse and man is mediated by erythropoietin

Acclimatization to hypoxic exposure relies on an elevated ventilation and erythropoietic activity. We recently showed that erythropoietin (Epo) links both responses: apart from its well‐known function on erythropoiesis, cerebral and plasma Epo interferes with the central respiratory centers (brainstem) and peripheral chemoreceptors (carotid bodies). Knowing that women cope better than men to reduced oxygen supply (as observed at high altitude), we analyzed the hypoxic ventilatory response in female mice. We used either transgenic mice with elevated Epo levels in brain only (Tg21), or in brain and plasma (Tg6) or wt animals injected or not with rhEpo. Exposure of these animals to moderate and severe acute hypoxia as well as to hyperoxia and injection of domperidone, reveled that the presence of Epo extensively increases the hypoxic ventilatory response in female mice compared to their male siblings. Furthermore, we showed that soluble EpoR (sEpoR) is endogenously synthesized by neural tissue, and abolishes the ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia when infused in brain. Finally, human volunteers were injected rhEpo and subsequently exposed to 10% oxygen. Compared to men, the hypoxic ventilatory response was significantly increased in women. We conclude that Epo exerts a gender‐dependent effect on hypoxic ventilation most probably involving sexual hormones.
Acute microvascular platelet aggregation after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

OBJECT The mechanisms underlying acute cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are not well established. Platelets aggregate within major cerebral vessels hours after SAH, but this has not been studied in the microvasculature. Platelet aggregates within the microvasculature could mechanically obstruct the lumen and initiate events that injure vessel structure. In the present study the authors examined the hypothesis that platelets aggregate within the cerebral microvasculature acutely after SAH. METHODS Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced in the rat by using the endovascular perforation model. The animals were killed between 10 minutes and 48 hours after SAH. Immunostaining for the platelet surface receptor glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa, which mediates platelet aggregation, was used to detect platelet aggregation. Sham-operated animals were used as controls. The GPIIb/IIIa immunoreactive platelet aggregates were abundant in the microvasculature of the basal and frontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus 10 minutes after SAH. These aggregates decreased in number from 1 to 6 hours post-SAH and then increased to a peak at 24 hours. No immunoreactive aggregates were observed 48 hours after SAH. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that widespread platelet aggregation occurs very rapidly in response to SAH followed by a decrease within 6 hours and a subsequent increase 24 hours after SAH. Microvascular platelet aggregates may contribute to decreased cerebral blood flow and ischemic injury after SAH via a number of mechanisms.
Peripheral T‐cell lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of 41 cases and evaluation of the prognostic significance of the updated Kiel classification

A total of 41 non‐cutaneous peripheral T‐cell lymphomas were classified following the updated Kiel classification. Of these, 20 cases belonged to the low‐grade group (T‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, 3; lymphoepithelioid, 5; angioimmunoblastic, 4; pleomorphic small cell, 8) and 21 to the high grade group (pleomorphic medium and large cell, 11; immunoblastic, 3; large‐cell anaplastic Ki‐1 positive, 7). Seventy per cent showed a CD4+/CD8‐phenotype, 39% a defective phenotype and 88% an activation phenotype. Eighty per cent had B‐symptoms, 63% hepatomegaly, 48% splenomegaly and 26% had involvement of more than three lymphoid areas. Bone marrow was infiltrated in 34% central nervous system in 4%, lung in 12% and skin in 14.6%. Seventeen per cent presented with extranodal disease and 82.8% had stage III/IV disease. Hypergammaglobulinaemia was found in 29%, hypercalcaemia in 7%, raised LDH serum levels in 58% and HTLV‐I antibodies in only one case. Of the 37 treated patients 18 (48%) achieved a complete remission, but 33% relapsed. Mortality was 59% and actuarial overall survival at 38 months was 0.32. In the comparison of the clinical, analytical and immunophenotypic variables and outcome between low and high grade groups, only the average of bone marrow infiltration in the low grade and stage I–II, presence of defective phenotypes and higher Ki‐67 positivity in the high grade group were significantly different. In the statistical studies, extranodal prentation and the failure to achieve a complete remission were the only variables that influenced mortality; there weere no significant differences in the general features of the low and high grade groups and only minor differences were found in the immunoblastic and angioimmunoblastic subgroups. There were no differences in the actuarial survival between the low and high grade groups, among the subgroups of the Kiel classification, among stages I to IV, between patients with or without B‐symptoms, with or without defective phenotypes, Ki‐67 positivity over or under 60%, or among different CD4/CD8 phenotypes. The updated Kiel classification did not separate groups with a prognostic significance.
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory effects in a murine model of acute lung injury

ABSTRACT Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occur in approximately 200,000 patients per year. Studies indicate that lung endothelium plays a significant role in ALI. The authors’ recent in vitro studies demonstrate a novel mechanism of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β-NAD)–induced protection against gram-positive (pneumolysin, PLY) and gram-negative (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) toxin–induced lung endothelial cell (EC) barrier dysfunction. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the protective effect of β-NAD against LPS-induced ALI in mice. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: vehicle, β-NAD, LPS, and LPS/β-NAD. After surgery, mice were allowed to recover for 24 hours. Evans blue dye–albumin (EBA) was given through the internal jugular vein 2 hours prior to the termination of the experiments. Upon sacrificing the animals, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and the lungs were harvested. β-NAD treatment significantly attenuated the inflammatory response by means of reducing the accumulation of cells and protein in BALF, blunting the parenchymal neutrophil infiltration, and preventing capillary leak. In addition, the histological examination demonstrated decreased interstitial edema in the LPS/β-NAD specimens, as compared to the LPS-only specimens. The mRNA levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines were up-regulated in the LPS group treated with β-NAD compared to the LPS-only–treated group. β-NAD treatment down-regulated the mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that β-NAD could be investigated as a therapeutic option against bacterial toxin–induced lung inflammation and ALI in mice.
Assessment of proximate composition and tetrodotoxin content in the muscle of yellow puffer fish, Xenopterus naritus (Richardson 1848) from Sarawak, Malaysia.

This study is to report the proximate compositions as well as tetrodotoxin (TTX) content in the muscles of yellow puffer fish Xenopterus naritus that collected from Kg. Manggut and Kabong, Sarawak. The internal organs of 26 and 20 specimens from Kg. Manggut and Kabong respectively were removed by the local people that had skills and experiences with the preparation of yellow puffer fish. In general, the moisture contents were ranging between 75.2% and 80.6%. X. naritus from Kabong showed higher crude protein contents (88.2% dry weight) than the same species from Kg. Manggut (87.9% dry weight) and not significantly different (p>0.05). X. naritus from Kg. Manggut demonstrated a significantly higher (p<0.05) of crude fat contents (0.49% dry weight), crude fibre contents (0.44% dry weight) and ash contents (5.48% dry weight) compared to X. naritus from Kabong which were 0.47%, 0.25% and 5.08% dry weight respectively. The TTX content in the muscle of X. naritus that prepared by the unskilled person from Kg. Manggut showed significantly higher (65.3 μg/g) (p<0.05) than X. naritus that prepared by the skilled person from Kabong (6.63 μg/g) and found to be toxic for human consumption (>2 μg/g) based on Japanese regulation as Malaysia does not have the regulatory limits for TTX yet. Nevertheless, it can be consumed safely if prepared in a proper manner. This is the first report to determine the proximate composition from the muscle of yellow puffer fish from Sarawak. The proximate values obtained from this study shows that the yellow puffer fish X. naritus are good protein resources. Therefore, it can be considered for human consumption in countries. The information gained from this study indicates the importance removing TTX to ensure the safe consumption of puffer fish.
Relationships Among Goal Contents, Exercise Motivations, Physical Activity, and Aerobic Fitness in University Physical Education Courses

The current research examined the relationships among exercise goal contents, behavioral regulation, physical activity, and aerobic fitness within the context of eight-week university physical education courses. Participants were undergraduate students (M age = 20.2 year, SD = 2.3) enrolled in activity courses (N = 461) during the 2010 Fall semester. At pretest, participants completed a demographic survey, Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire and the Goal Contents in Exercise Questionnaire. At eight-week posttest, participants completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adults and the PACER aerobic fitness test. Relative intrinsic goal content was found to predict physical activity indirectly and aerobic fitness via behavioral regulation. Specific goal contents related to health management and skill development were found to predict physical activity and aerobic fitness via a fully mediated path through identified and intrinsic regulation. Results supported the efficacy of goal contents and self-determination theory in describing physical activity behavior and fitness. Examining specific types of goal contents and behavioral regulations revealed relationships that were masked by the utilization of omnibus scoring protocols.
Trends in public approval of euthanasia and suicide in the US, 1947–2003

Debates about end of life decisions should accept that public opinion on these matters is still fluid Changes in the past half century in the attitudes of the American public regarding euthanasia and suicide in the case of incurable disease have been dramatic, and they attest to the success of a social movement that has been in part a phenomenon “of the times” (which is what we say when we do not really understand why attitudes change as they do). But they are also in part a consequence of a highly visible social movement and vigorous deliberate actions intended to shape public opinion, moving it in a direction favourable to concrete changes in law, public policy, and precepts of the profession of medicine. During much of this period, a bewildering plethora of polls has been conducted, related in one way or another to the question of how the public has viewed the issues about end of life decisions. End of life decisions have an important bioethical component, especially as they raise questions of who makes choices and how those choices can be made in an ethical manner. Does the individual have complete control of his or her own fate? Who can act as surrogate? What role, if any, should physicians play, and what are the interests of the state in such decisions? Anyone who wants to write a justification for, or promote advocacy of, any kind of policy regarding these issues ought to be seriously acquainted with trends in public attitudes. While public opinion cannot be the final arbiter of what is ethically correct, knowledge of it will help us to address the issues in a way that will best benefit the public discourse. Unfortunately, hardly any presentation of the polls related to the subject has attempted to reconcile the …
Non‐Fickian dispersion in porous media: 2. Model validation from measurements at different scales

We aim at testing and validating a mobile‐immobile mass transfer model from a set of single‐well injection withdrawal tracer tests in a heterogeneous porous aquifer. By varying the duration of the injection phase, different volumes of aquifer are investigated by the tracer. Hence, we focus the transport model validation not only on reproducing a single breakthrough curve (BTC) but also on the model's capacity to predict the amount of mixing as a function of the volume visited by the tracer. All the BTCs are strongly asymmetric, as expected when dispersion is controlled by diffusive mass transfers between the mobile water and the immobile water part of the porosity. However, the BTC cannot be modeled by a conventional mobile‐immobile mass transfer model with a simple power law memory function. To account for that, we implement a continuous time random walk model in which the transition time distribution ψ (t), which is related to the excursion time probability of the tracer in the immobile domain, is a dual‐slope power law distribution. The model best fits the BTC data set with a transitional regime controlled by ψ(t) ∼ t−2 and an asymptotic regime characteristic of the conventional double‐porosity model with ψ(t) ∼ t−1.5 . This work emphasizes that high‐resolution concentration measurement and multiple‐scale tracer tests are required for assessing solute dispersion models in heterogeneous reservoirs and for subsequently obtaining reliable predictions.
The Political Economy of Monetary Institutions

In recent decades, countries have experimented with a variety of monetary institutions, including alternative exchange-rate arrangements and different levels of central bank independence. Political economists have analyzed the choice of these institutions, emphasizing their role in resolving both the time-inconsistency problem and dilemmas created by an open economy. This “first-generation” work, however, suffers from a central limitation: it studies exchange-rate regimes and central bank institutions in isolation from one another without investigating how one monetary institution affects the costs and benefits of the other. By contrast, the contributors to this volume analyze the choice of exchange-rate regime and central bank independence together and, in so doing, present a “second generation” of research on the determinants of monetary institutions. The articles incorporate both economic and political factors in explaining the choice of monetary institutions, investigating how political institutions, democratic processes, political party competition, and interest group pressures affect the balance between economic and distributional policy objectives.
Fabrication technique of highly dense aligned semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes devices

A fabrication technique using dielectrophoresis is demonstrated to align semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) and improve electronic devices performance. The proposed method produces highly dense aligned nanotubes (>;40 s-SWCNTs/μm) and low sheet resistance (<;10 KΩ/□).
Integration and consistency between web and mobile services

Purpose – Attracted by tremendous market opportunities of mobile business, many web services providers have started to expand their web services from traditional PC-based environment into the mobile-based environment. However, success in the web services cannot guarantee the success in the mobile services. The purpose of this paper is to identify factors that influence consumer evaluation and use of mobile shopping services in a web-mobile service extension context. Design/methodology/approach – Based on categorization theory, this paper focusses on the role of integration and consistency between web and mobile services. A research model was created and empirically tested on data collected from 298 mobile shopping users in China. Findings – The structural equation modeling analysis indicates that evaluation of source (web service quality) positively affect evaluation of target (perceived mobile service quality and flow in mobile services). The study also found that the relationships between source and tar.
Trends in Tropospheric Humidity from 1970 to 2008 over China from a Homogenized Radiosonde Dataset

AbstractRadiosonde humidity data provide the longest record for assessing changes in atmospheric water vapor, but they often contain large discontinuities because of changes in instrumentation and observational practices. In this study, the variations and trends in tropospheric humidity (up to 300 hPa) over China are analyzed using a newly homogenized radiosonde dataset. It is shown that the homogenization removes the large shifts in the original records of dewpoint depression (DPD) resulting from sonde changes in recent years in China, and it improves the DPD’s correlation with precipitation and the spatial coherence of the DPD trend from 1970 to 2008. The homogenized DPD data, together with homogenized temperature, are used to compute the precipitable water (PW), whose correlation with the PW from ground-based global positioning system (GPS) measurements at three collocated stations is also improved after the homogenization. During 1970–2008 when the record is relatively complete, tropospheric specific .