Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of low latitude plasma drift speeds from FUV images

Thousands of images of the nighttime equatorial airglow arcs have been obtained by the Far‐Ultraviolet Imager (FUV) on‐board the NASA IMAGE satellite. Imaging periods lasting several hours around the time of satellite apogee allow for the determination of the velocity of drifting plasma density depletions occurring within the airglow arcs. These velocities reflect the E × B drift of low‐latitude plasma under the influence of a vertical electric field. A survey of several weeks of data produces information regarding the variation of drift speeds with solar 10.7‐cm radio flux. Comparisons to previous measurements by the Jicamarca radar show that the FUV‐determined plasma drift speeds are 10–35% greater, particularly before 2100 local time. This difference is attributed mainly to the different magnetic latitudes of the observations.
PENGARUH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor-faktor good corporate governance terhadap nilai perusahaan. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini yaitu nilai perusahaan yang diukur dengan Tobin’s q. Sedangkan variabel independen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu direksi wanita, masa jabatan CEO, kepemilikan manajerial dan komisaris independen. Sampel penelitian ini adalah perusahaan non perbankan dan keuangan yang masuk dalam pemeringkatan CGPI Award dan terdaftar di BEI yang dipilih berdasarkan metode purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel penelitian yaitu 17 perusahaan dengan periode penelitian 5 tahun yaitu 2010-2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder laporan keuangan tahunan. Data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisa dapat disimpulkan bahwa direksi wanita berpengaruh signifikan negative terhadap nilai perusahaan. Masa jabatan CEO dan kepemilikan manajerial berpengaruh positif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Sedangkan komisaris independen tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan.
Vancomycin MIC creep in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from 2006 to 2010 in a hospital in China

Purpose: To assess whether vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) creeps among clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a regional hospital in China. Furthermore, to analyze the causes of vancomycin MIC creeps and the relationship between vancomycin MICs and the outcome among patients with MRSA infection. Materials and Methods: All clinical isolates of MRSA from 2006-2010 were retrieved and tested by the broth microdilution procedure to determine their vancomycin MIC. Meanwhile, related patient records were analyzed. Results: While all isolates were susceptive to vancomycin, the percentage of isolates with a vancomycin MIC = 1 mg/L increased significantly from 2006 (37.0%) to 2010 (75.7%). Meanwhile, vancomycin usage density (DDDs/1000 bed-days) had increased significantly from 2006-2010. Mean linear correlation analysis showed a statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.905, P < 0.05) between the consumption of vancomycin and the percentage of MRSA isolates with a vancomycin MIC = 1 mg/L. Clinical records revealed high vancomycin MIC was associated with a higher microbiologic failure rate in MRSA bloodstream infections. Conclusions: The data demonstrated vancomycin MIC creep among clinical isolates in our hospital, and the MIC creep may be caused by the increasing usage of vancomycin. Furthermore, the analysis strongly suggested this shift of vancomycin MIC within the susceptible range may be associated with an increasing probability of treatment failure.
Expression of the cGMP‐specific phosphodiesterases 2 and 9 in normal and Alzheimer's disease human brains

We studied the mRNA expression of cGMP‐hydrolysing phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in selected brain areas of normal elderly people and patients with Alzheimer's disease. Using radioactive in‐situ hybridization histochemistry we found a widespread distribution of the mRNA for PDE2 and PDE9, whereas no specific hybridization signal was observed for PDE5. We observed PDE2 and PDE9 mRNA in all cortical areas studied (insular cortex, entorhinal cortex and visual cortex), although to a different extent. PDE2 mRNA was high in the claustrum, whereas PDE9 mRNA was moderate. PDE2 and PDE9 mRNAs was present in the putamen. No cGMP‐hydrolysing PDE expression was observed in the globus pallidus. PDE2 and PDE9 mRNA was observed in all subareas of the hippocampus; however, there were significant differences in the amount of expression. In the Purkinje and cerebellar granule cells only PDE9 expression was observed. PDE2 and PDE9 mRNA expression was not significantly different in Alzheimer's disease brains.
Selective Spatial Working Memory Impairment in a Group of Children With Mathematics Learning Disabilities and Poor Problem-Solving Skills

This study examines visual and spatial working memory skills in 35 third to fifth graders with both mathematics learning disabilities (MLD) and poor problem-solving skills and 35 of their peers with typical development (TD) on tasks involving both low and high attentional control. Results revealed that children with MLD, relative to TD children, failed spatial working memory tasks that had either low or high attentional demands but did not fail the visual tasks. In addition, children with MLD made more intrusion errors in the spatial working memory tasks requiring high attentional control than did their TD peers. Finally, as a post hoc analysis the sample of MLD was divided in two: children with severe MLD and children with low mathematical achievement. Results showed that only children with severe MLD failed in spatial working memory (WM) tasks if compared with children with low mathematical achievement and TD. The findings are discussed on the basis of their theoretical and clinical implications, in particular considering that children with MLD can benefit from spatial WM processes to solve arithmetic word problems, which involves the ability to both maintain and manipulate relevant information.
PENGARUH PEMAHAMAN, SANKSI PERPAJAKAN, TINGKAT KEPERCAYAAN PADA PEMERINTAH DAN HUKUM, SERTA NASIONALISME TERHADAP 22 KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DALAM MEMBAYAR PBB-P2 (Studi Pada Wajib Pajak PBB-P2 di Kota Banjar)

The main purpose of this research is to examine the effect of perceived tax understanding, tax penalties, trust in government and law, and nationalism towards taxpayer compliance in paying property tax. Using Slovin formula, 100 respondents were selected as representative sample from the tax payers in Banjar, Indonesia. Data were collected using closed questionnaire and analyzed by multiple linear regression. The results showed that the understanding of tax regulation, tax penalties, and nationalism had significantly positive effect. However, trust in goverment and the law did not significantly affect taxpayer compliance in paying property tax.
Is the behavior rating inventory of executive function more strongly associated with measures of impairment or executive function?

Abstract The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) is commonly used in the assessment of children and adolescents presenting with a wide range of concerns. It is unclear, however, whether the questionnaire is more closely related to general measures of behavioral disruption and impairment or to specific measures of executive function. In the present study, associations between the Behavioral Regulation Index and Metacognition Index of the BRIEF and cognitive, behavioral, and academic measures were examined in a sample of clinic-referred youth (n = 60) and healthy youth (n = 37) 6–15 years of age. Measures included ratings of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms in youth, ratings of how well youth functioned in their everyday environments, youth’s scores on measures of reading and math, and youth’s scores on measures of inhibition, performance monitoring, and working memory. Although both BRIEF indices were strongly related to parent and teacher ratings of behavioral disruption and impairment, neither was associated with youth’s scores on the performance-based tasks of executive function. These findings support the use of the BRIEF as a clinical tool for assessing a broad range of concerns, but raise questions about the relation of the BRIEF to performance-based tasks that are commonly used to assess executive function. (JINS, 2010, 16, 495–505.)
Understanding customers' expectations for delivering satisfactory and competitive services experience

This present study attempts to understand Nigeria mobile telecommunications (MT) consumers' voice call and data services expectations for delivering satisfactory and competitive service experiences. The multi-level qualitative research design with single face to face (F2F) interview and focus group (FG) approaches were employed. 22 samples were drawn from Nigeria MT sector heterogonous consumer population in Port Harcourt-Rivers State of Nigeria. One FG with 12 participants and ten single F2F interviews were held and data was analysed using content analysis technique with NVivo 11 software. Our result shows that some customers of selected firms are less satisfied with their offerings. This is because these firms lack knowledge of their customers' expectations. Also, five positively rated factors: service quality, price bundling, complaints management, consumer right education and consumer market research are key thematic expectations that support the delivery of satisfactory services experience and competitiveness. This study contributes to the literature on consumer behaviour research by revealing customers' expectation for MT voice and data services in Nigeria and how these expectations drive customer satisfaction (CSAT) and retention (CRT) as well as business competitiveness. However, continental MT operators and researchers should understand that factors of customers' expectations are peculiar to a specific country.
Policy Implementation – A synthesis of the Study of Policy Implementation and the Causes of Policy Failure

What is implementation in public policy? What are the determinants of policy implementation and service delivery? What could be learned from the key moments of the study of policy implementation? This policy paper proposes a synthesis of the study of policy implementation and the cause of policy failure. It explains why critical differences often occur between the initially formulated goals of a public policy and the final outputs after its implementation. This insight is extremely important to understand and address the causes of policy failures and improve the policy-making process.
Efficient Eye-Safe Nd:YVO4 Self-Raman Laser In-Band Pumped at 914 nm

An efficient Q-switched eye-safe Nd:YVO4 self-Raman laser, which we believe to be the first one in-band pumped at 914 nm, is presented, and 2.58 W of 1525-nm Stokes output was generated under the absorbed pump power of 10.2 W with a high repetition rate of 100 kHz, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 25.3%. The optical efficiency with respect to incident pump also reached 16.4%. Influences of crystal temperature and dopant concentration on the performance of the eye-safe self-Raman laser were experimentally investigated.
Physiological effects of copper on the freshwater alga Closterium ehrenbergii Meneghini (Conjugatophyceae) and its potential use in toxicity assessments

Although green algae of the genus Closterium are considered ideal models for testing toxicity in aquatic ecosystems, little data about the effects of toxicity on these algal species is currently available. Here, Closterium ehrenbergii was used to assess the acute toxicity of copper (Cu). The median effective concentration (EC50) of copper sulfate based on a dose response curve was 0.202 mg L, and reductions in photosynthetic efficiency (Fv / Fm ratio) of cells were observed in cultures exposed to Cu for 6 h, with efficiency significantly reduced after 48 h (p < 0.01). In addition, production of reactive oxygen species significantly increased over time (p < 0.01), leading to damage to intracellular organelles. Our results indicate that Cu induces oxidative stress in cellular metabolic processes and causes severe physiological damage within C. ehrenbergii cells, and even cell death; moreover, they clearly suggest that C. ehrenbergii represents a potentially powerful test model for use in aquatic toxicity assessments.
Chronic Cervical Zygapophysial Joint Pain After Whiplash: A Placebo‐Controlled Prevalence Study

Study Design The authors developed a diagnostic double‐blindfolded survey using placebo‐controlled local anesthetic blocks. Objective To determine the prevalence of cervical zygapophysial joint pain among patients with chronic neck pain (more than 3 months' duration) after whiplash injury. Summary of Background Data The prevalence of cervical zygapophysial joint pain after whiplash has been studied by means of comparative local anesthetic blocks. The concern is that such blocks may be compromised by placebo responses and that prevalence estimates based on such blocks may exaggerate the importance of this condition. Methods Sixty‐eight consecutive patients referred for chronic neck pain after whiplash were studied. Patients with dominant headache were first screened with the use of comparative blocks of the C2‐C3 zygapophysial joint. Patients who had positive responses concluded investigations. Those who did not experience pain relief together with the patients with dominant neck pain proceeded to undergo placebo‐controlled local anesthetic blocks. Two different local anesthetics and a placebo injection of normal saline were administered in random order and under double‐blindfolded conditions. A positive diagnosis was made if the patient's pain was completely and reproducibly relieved by each local anesthetic but not by the placebo injection. Results Among patients with dominant headache, comparative blocks revealed that the prevalence of C2‐C3 zygapophysial joint pain was 50%. Among those without C2‐C3 zygapophysial joint pain, placebo‐controlled blocks revealed the prevalence of lower cervical zygapophysial joint pain to be 49%. Overall, the prevalence of cervical zygapophysial joint pain (C2‐C3 or below) was 60% (95% confidence interval, 46%, 73%). Conclusion Cervical zygapophysial joint pain is common among patients with chronic neck pain after whiplash. This nosologic entity has survived challenge with placebo‐controlled, diagnostic investigations and has proven to be of major clinical importance.
The Determinants of Zero Leverage: Evidence from Multinational Firms

There is an ongoing debate in the capital structure literature as to the direction of the effects of internationalisation on firm debt. Despite the increasing attention on the role of internationalization in firms’ capital structure decisions, and the increasing adoption of zero leverage policies by multinationals, no study attempts to explain the effect of multi-nationality on the zero leverage decision. This study explores the relationship between the level of internationalization and zero leverage using a large panel of UK companies, while controlling for various company-related factors. We find strong evidence that multi-nationality affects the propensity of firms to have zero leverage and that this decision is affected by industry specificities.
Infection of human endothelial cells by Rickettsia rickettsii causes a significant reduction in the levels of key enzymes involved in protection against oxidative injury

The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly decreased in human endothelial cells infected with the obligate intracellular bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. This observation lends additional support to our hypothesis implicating oxidative damage in endothelial cell injury caused by this microorganism.
Proprietes physiques et modelisation du transistor de puissance ldmos

Ce memoire traite des proprietes physiques, de la modelisation et de la conception des transistors ldmos de puissance basse tension (60 v). Dans un premier temps, nous analysons le fonctionnement du composant en regime statique ou nous apportons une attention particuliere a l'etude et la formulation du mecanisme de quasi-saturation qui limite le calibre en courant du dispositif. Lorsque ce dernier est bloque, la tension soutenue est limitee par les phenomenes d'avalanche. Une etude detaillee de ce regime afin de comprendre les limitations en tension du composant (premier et second claquages) et de determiner son aire de securite est egalement menee. Ensuite, nous proposons un schema electrique equivalent du transistor, ou le comportement de chacune des regions est etudie. Cette methodologie presente, par rapport a une formulation analytique, l'avantage de simuler le reseau complet de caracteristiques. Pour terminer, nous developpons une methode de conception du transistor ldmos basee sur un outil (pld) qui permet, a partir du dessin et de la technologie utilisee de predire les performances du composant. Nous validons les resultats de simulation a l'aide de ce logiciel sur des dispositifs industriels elabores.
Natural killer (NK) cell activity during HIV infection: a decrease in NK activity is observed at the clonal level and is not restored after in vitro long‐term culture of NK cells

NK cell activity is impaired in HIV‐infected patients. The mechanisms behind the altered NK functions are not clear, and conflicting data concerning NK and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity have been reported. In order to investigate whether this impairment is also observed at the clonal level and whether it is related to a defect at the target cell binding and/or the post‐binding level, we evaluated highly purified NK cell lines and cloned NK cells obtained from 22 HIV‐infected patients at different stages of disease and compared them with normal controls for their ability to: (i) kill K‐562 and U‐937 cell lines using a 51Cr release assay; (ii) bind and kill K‐562 and U‐937 cells at the single cell binding level; (iii) release NK cytotoxic factor (NKCF), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ); (iv) kill anti‐IgM preincubated Daudi cell line (ADCC activity). This study with cloned NK cells or NK cell lines from HIV‐infected individuals showed: (i) a decrease in their lytic capability against target cell lines; (ii) a low ability to form conjugates with K‐562 and U‐937 cell lines with respect to controls; (iii) a decreased ability to kill bound target cells; (iv) low levels of released NKCF, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ after incubation with U‐937 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that the impaired NK cell function during HIV infection is also observed at the clonal level and is related to defects both at the target and post‐binding levels. However, the precise mechanisms remain to be determined. The inability to restore normal NK activity after long‐term culture in the presence of high levels of recombinant IL‐2 is in agreement with the hypothesis of a ‘general anergic process’ during HIV infection.
Neuronal Classes in Different Vertebrates

Brain, an essential organ serves to play a pivotal role in the nervous system of all vertebrates and is known to exert centralized control over the other body organs. Brain in all species is primarily composed of two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells, where former are usually considered the most important cells. The property that makes neurons unique is their ability to send signals to specific target cells over long distances. The present review showcases the different neuronal classes or types studied in different vertebrates.
Investigating the Effect of Corporate Governance Mechanisms on the Quality of Accounting Profit

Considerable attention given to the issues of corporate governance in recent years shows that the when corporate governance mechanisms are strong, managers find less time to deceive and this consequently increases the quality and reliability of their financial reporting. This research ultimately helps investors to maintain and increase their trust in the capital markets. The current investigation is aimed at investigating the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on the quality of financial reporting through the connection between companies operating ratios and accounting income quali- ty. Centralization of power, the ownership percentage of institutional shareholders and board inde- pendence are among the corporate governance mechanisms which have been taken into account in this study. Earnings quality was measured in two ways. Sixty companies were selected as the sample among listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2006 to 2010. Multiple regressions were used to test the research hypotheses. This study showed that a strong corporate governance system creates a broad vision of the accounting process and it is associated with reported earnings.
New and Emerging Treatments for Migraine

Migraine can be extremely disabling with a considerable impact on the life of an individual in their ability to work or perform activities of daily living. The arrival of ‘triptans’ in the early 1990s saw a major change in the way migraines were treated, and ‘triptans’ remain the gold standard in treating an acute attack. For a long time there was very little progress in identifying new targets for acute treatment and there was virtually nothing new in migraine prevention. However, in recent times, considerable research has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of migraine and the coming decade should see a drastic change in treating and preventing migraines with potential neuro-pharmacological agents and non invasive neuro-stimulation. This article briefly discusses the pathophysiology of migraine and reviews new therapeutic options as well as some promising treatments undergoing clinical trials.
Relative Color Contrast Drives Competition in Early Exogenous Orienting.

Young infants typically orient to a moving object, but the strength of this tendency depends on what else is in the visual field, with some objects competing for attention more effectively than others. This competition was studied in 3.5-month-old infants by manipulating the colors and spatial distributions of static elements that appeared with a small moving probe. The hypothesis was that the competition from these static bars would depend on their color contrasts. Three different color pairings were used: red with green, pink with green, and red with pink. The results were generally consistent with the hypothesis that the competition from static elements in the visual field depends on their color contrasts. Orienting at 3.5 months is determined by competition mechanisms that weight motion and color and most probably other stimulus characteristics to produce a directional response.