Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Pacific Ocean influence on interannual precipitation variability in the Sahel

Moisture budget decomposition is performed for the Sahel (10°–20°N and 20°W–40°E) in order to understand the processes that govern regional hydroclimate variability on interannual time scales and frame them in the context of their primary ocean driver. Results show that warm conditions in the Eastern Tropical Pacific remotely force anomalously dry conditions primarily through affecting the low‐troposphere mass divergence field. This behavior is related to increased subsidence over the tropical Atlantic and into the Sahel and an anomalous westward flow of moisture from the continent, both resulting in a coherent drying pattern. Understanding the physical processes relating remote sea surface temperature anomalies to atmospheric circulation changes and the resulting complex local convergence patterns is important for advancing seasonal prediction of precipitation over West Africa.
The effectiveness of banking supervision

Banking supervision is an essential aspect of modern financial systems, seeking crucially to monitor risk-taking by banks so as to protect depositors, the government safety net and the economy as a whole against systemic bank failure and its consequences. In this context, this paper seeks to explore the relationship between risk indicators for individual banks and the different approaches to banking supervision adopted around the world. This is the first work to make use of the currently available cross section series data on bank supervision from the World Bank to carry out empirical investigations in a panel data framework, gaining all the advantages in increased efficiency and information that comes from estimations combining longer time series and a wide range of countries. We find wide-ranging effects of design features of banking supervision on risk taking which raise important policy issues.
Genetic Differentiation of Pseudomonas syringae Pathovar tomato from Other P. syringae Pathovars using REP-PCR and URP-PCR

For the genetic differentiation of pathovar , a total of 51 pv. strains infecting 33 different host plants were analyzed using repetitive element PCR(REP-PCR) and universal rice primer PCR(URP-PCR). The entire DNA fingerprint profiles were analyzed using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA). The 51 pv. strains could be divided into five clusters based on 65% similarity by Rep-PCR using BOX, ERIC, and REP primers. pv. cluster was well separated from other 31 pathovars. pv. cluster included only pv. and pv. pv. strains could be divided into two genetic groups. Meanwhile, the Pseudomonas pv. strains could be divided into four clusters based on 63% similarity by URP-PCR using 2F, 9F, and 17R primers. pv. cluster was also well separated from 30 other pathovars. In this case, pv. cluster included pv. , pv. , and pv. pv. strains was also separated into two genetic groups by URP-PCR analysis. Overall, our work revealed that pv. can be genetically differentiated from other pathovars by the DNA fingerprint profiles of REP-PCR and URP-PCR. We first report that there are two genetically diverged groups in pv. strains.
Methods to break seed dormancy of Rhynchosia capitata, a summer annual weed

La dormancia seminal de las malezas es un rasgo significativo contribuyente a su tasa de supervivencia, puesto que ayuda a las malezas a evitar herbicidas y otras practicas de desmalezado junto con condiciones ambientales desfavorables. Investigamos los efectos de diferentes tratamientos para romper dormancia sobre la germinacion de Rhynchosia capitata, una maleza anual estival comun en Paquistan. Las semillas se sumergieron en tiourea, KNO3, HCl, HNO3 y H2SO4 y ademas fueron escarificadas mecanicamente (papel lija). Los resultados indicaron que las semillas de R. capitata muestran signos de dormancia fisica principalmente debido a impermeabilidad de su cubierta. Escarificacion mecanica y acida (inmersion de semillas en H2SO4 por 60 y 80 min y en HCl por 12 y 15 h) fueron muy eficientes para romper dormancia y promover germinacion. Las semillas sumergidas en HNO3 por 1 a 5 dias mostraron poco efecto, mientras diversas concentraciones de tiourea y KNO3 fueron inefectivas para romper dormancia seminal en R. capitata.
Fishery and production of shrimps from perennial and seasonal fields of Kerala

The fishery and production of shrimps from a perennial field and seasonal filtration field of Vypeen Island, Cochin is reported. Penaeus indicus, P.monodon, Metapenaeus dobsoni and M.monoceros constituted the shrimp fishery in both the fields. Very rarely P.semisulcatus and M.affinis were noticed in the catches. Compared to the seasonal field, large sized shrimps were found in the perennial field. Only M.dobsoni showed significant size difference between seasonal and perennial fields (P< 0.001). The catch was largely contributed by P.indicus in both perennial (65.0%) and seasonal (55.4 %) fields and followed by M.dobsoni, M.monoceros and P.monodon. In 12 months, the total shrimp catch from the perennial field was 4021.77 kg and the production, 209.47 kg/ha. However, from the seasonal field total catch of 1662.70 kg was obtained in 4 months and the production was 353.77 kg/ha. Comparison of the catch data of shrimps from the perennial field to the corresponding period of operation of seasonal field (December- March) revealed that the total catch from perennial field was only 789.70 kg and the production was as low as 41.13 kg/ha. In both the fields, P.indicus dominated the catches in February.
Screening a set of tomato parental lines and their hybrids for resistance to early blight (Alternaria solani) by detached leaf method

Nine parental lines and 18 hybrids derived by crossing them in Line A— Tester fashion were screened against the early blight pathogen Alternaria solani along with a resistant, susceptible and a commercial check in the form of Arka Rakshak, IIHR2202 and Abhinava respectively. Parental lines and the resistant and susceptible checks were screened over two seasons and results obtained were almost similar with the line IIHR1816 exhibiting resistance with the disease severity of 25 % in both the trials, while the line IIHR977 was found to be resistant in the first season with PDI of 25 % and moderately resistant in the second season with the slightest increase in the disease severity up to 25.6 %. None of the hybrids were found to be resistant except, whereas about eight hybrids were found to be moderately resistant. IIHR2892 x IIHR2853 was found to be highly susceptible with severity of 68.75 %, which is on par with the susceptible check IIHR2202 (70.50 %). The results obtained from the detached leaf method of screening should be confirmed by the field or greenhouse screening methods before using them in further breeding programmes.
Producing Sacredness and Defending Secularity: Faith in the Workplace of Taiwanese Scientists

Although a recent body of scholarship focuses on how business professionals infuse spiritual practices in their workplaces, comparatively little attention has been paid to faith in the scientific workplace, especially in an Eastern, non-Christian context. Between 2014 and 2015, we conducted a survey of 892 scientists in Taiwan and completed interviews with 52 of our survey respondents. In this paper, we examine how scientists navigate religion in the scientific workplace. Survey results demonstrate that while scientists perceive religion and scientific research as generally separate in the abstract, in practice, they regard the boundary between religion and their workplace as somewhat permeable. Interviews further show how different groups of Taiwanese scientists create sacredness and defend secularity in scientific work. Results have implications for future research on how scientists (and potentially those in other types of professions) in non-Western and non-Christian countries navigate faith at work.
New records and observations to the Characean flora (Charales, Charophyceae) of Sicily (Italy)

ABSTRACT New records to the Characean flora of Sicily are presented. Five species (Chara baltica, C. conimbrigensis, C. oedophylla, Nitella gracilis, Tolypella salina) are new to Sicily, two of them being also new to Italy (Chara conimbrigensis, C. oedophylla). Two species are confirmed for Sicily (Chara aspera, Nitella opaca), three (Chara braunii, C. canescens, Nitella capillaris) are rare taxa. The Characean flora of Sicily, updated with these records, currently includes 25 species, distributed in four genera: Chara (13 species), Nitella (eight species), Tolypella (three species) and Lamprothamnium (one species).
A generalized relative utility based choice model with multiple context dependencies

Representing the context dependence has been attracting more and more attentions in different disciplines of behavioral studies. This study compares six types of context dependence models with in order to clarify the superiority of relative utility (RU). The RU-based models include the RU model with relative interest (RURI model) and the multiple prospects model with relative interest (MPRI model). Comparison models are the random regret minimization (RRM) model and the relative advantage maximization (RAM) model, which are further improved by introducing the relative interest (RRM_RI and RAM_RI models). Conceptually, RU covers all the features of MPRI, RRM, and RAM models in an implicit but comprehensive way. Theoretically, not only alternative-oriented RU (similar to the concepts of RRM and RAM models), but also time-oriented and decision maker-oriented RU influences choice behavior. Thus, RU is a more general concept and the RU-based models could represent various types of context dependencies in a more general way. Even though RU is originally specified to allow for the alternative-based context dependence, RURI and MPRI models are transformed to explicitly accommodate the attribute-based context dependence for comparison. An empirical study is carried out by using a stated preference (SP) data (1,872 samples) on Beijing drivers’ joint choice of departure time and driving route under the provision of dynamic travel information. It is confirmed that the MPRI model is superior to any of the other five models. Incorporating relative importance of different alternatives into the RRM and RAM models improves the model performance.
On the fundamental solution of heat and stochastic heat equations

We consider the generic divergence form second order parabolic equation with coefficients that are regular in the spatial variables and just measurable in time. We show that the spatial derivatives of its fundamental solution admit upper bounds that agree with the Aronson type estimate and only depend on the ellipticity constants of the equation and the L ∞ norm of the spatial derivatives of its coefficients. We also study the corresponding stochastic partial differential equations and prove that under natural assumptions on the noise the equation admits a mild solution, given by anticipating stochastic integration.
The relationship between employee benefit management and employee retention

The purpose of this study is twofold. The first purpose is to investigate the hypothesis as follows: the enrichment of the employee benefit management and the improvement of job attitudes mediate the relation between the adoption of family-friendly policies and the employee retention. The second purpose is to investigate the gender gap in the above-mentioned model. The facts and conclusions presented in this paper were obtained from a study of 1228 employees. Analysis of covariance structures was adopted for testing hypothesis. About the first one, significant mediator effects of the enrichment of the employee benefit management and the improvement of job satisfaction were clarified. About the second point, there was no gender gap in the above-mentioned retention process by the employee benefit management, except for the number of the employee benefit management practices and the organizational tenure. The necessity of additional research about international comparison, investigation of organization, longitudinal investigation, etc. was pointed out.
SYN-COLLISIONAL PERALUMINOUS MAGMATISM IN THE RIO DOCE REGION: MINERALOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND ISOTOPIC DATA OF THE NEOPROTEROZOIC URUCUM SUITE (EASTERN MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL)

The Urucum Suite granitoids (Rio Doce region, southeastern Brazil) contains four main facies: megafeldspar granites, deformed medium- to coarse-grained granites, tourmaline, and pegmatitic facies. They intrude both the staurolite-garnet-muscovite-biotite schist of the Sao Tome Formation (Rio Doce Group) and the Galileia metaluminous suite (596 ±4 Ma). Detailed structural studies suggest that the Urucum Suite emplaced during an important dextral strike-slip movement (D l phase) of the Brasiliano orogeny (650-450Ma). Modal and chemical mineralogical variations suggest an evolution from the megafeldspar facies to the pegmatitic facies. Whole-rock geochemistry indicates the peraluminous character of the Urucum Suite granitoids, the evolution from the megafeldspar facies granites to pegmatitic facies granites and suggests the syn-collisional character of this suite. U-Pb zircon (582 ± 2 Ma) and monazite (576-573 ± 4Ma) data indicate that the Urucum Suite emplaced during the Brasiliano orogeny. The peraluminous nature of the Suite and isotopic-rich character in the Rb-Sr ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr = 0.7114 to 0.7165) and Sm-Nd (eNd = -7.4 and -8.2) systems indicate that it formed by partial melting of older intermediate to felsic crustal sources. Based on early Proterozoic model-ages (2.3 to 1.8 Ga) and on 2.0 Ga U-Pb inherited signature, granitoids of the Suite are probably derived from a rocks with a long crustal residence (Transamazonian basement), without extensive mantle contribution.
The Effect of Oil on Foam for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Theory and Measurements

Foam has unique microstructure in pore networks and reduces gas mobility significantly, which improves considerably the sweep efficiency of gas injection. Foam injection is thus regarded as a promising enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology. One key to success of foam EOR is foam stability in presence of oil. This thesis seeks to understand fundamentally both steady-state and transient foam flow with oil in porous media through theoretical analysis and coreflood measurements. A quantitative modeling study is conducted to illustrate how the two algorithms ("wet-foam" model and "dry-out" model) represent the effect of oil on foam. Experimental observations evidently show that the two foam regimes without oil also apply to foam with oil, i.e. high- and low-quality regimes depending on foam quality. Oil affects both regimes with a stronger effect on the high-quality regime. Model fitting to data shows that currently applied implicit-texture (IT) foam models are suitable to represent foam flow with oil; both wet-foam model and dry-out model are needed to describe the effect of the oil on the two foam regimes. Three-phase fractional-flow theory together with the wave curve method (WCM) is applied to understand foam displacements with oil. Theoretical solutions suggest foam displacement cannot bank up an oil bank with oil saturation greater than an upper limit for stable foam. A critical phenomenon, i.e. that some injection conditions correspond to more than one possible foam states as predicted by the IT model, has been analyzed with fractional-flow theory and the WCM. We show how to determine the unique displacing state; the choice of the displacing state depends on initial state. Fundamentally, a boundary curve in ternary saturation space is defined that captures the nature of the dependence of the displacement on initial state. In addition, a new capillary number definition for micromodels is derived from a force balance on a ganglion trapped by capillarity. The definition in particular accounts for the impact of pore geometry and its validity is verified using two-phase flow data in micromodels. Based on current findings, some open questions concerning foam-oil interactions in porous media are defined and summarized at the end of this thesis.
Investigating the effect crime has on Uber and Yellow Taxi pickups in NYC

How to manage the relationship between Uber and the local taxi industry has been a long-lasting and hot topic for most of the major cities around the world. Whether Uber is stealing money from and undermining the local taxi drivers or it is beneficial for public transportation has no certain conclusions. In this paper, we focus on the city of New York, where both Uber and traditional Yellow Taxi play important roles in public transportation and city culture in general, and we are trying to investigate the factors that are going to affect Uber and Yellow Taxi pickups in New York City. Among many socio-economic factors, we especially want to see what role crime would play in this setting since Uber has claimed that unlike yellow taxi drivers, Uber drivers do not have geographical discrimination based on the number of crime occurs in a given neighborhood. We use the data from April to September in 2014 for both Uber and Yellow Taxi pickups, and socio-economic data in 2014 by census tract to develop several econometric models treating each census tract as an individual observation.
Some Observations on Sensitivity to HRTF Magnitude

The spatial resolution at which head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) are available is an important aspect in the implementation of virtual spatial sound. How close HRTFs must be depends on how much their characteristics differ between adjacent directions and, most important, when these differences become audible. Thresholds for the audibility of differences in the spectral characteristics of HRTFs as a function of angular separation were measured. Listeners had to discriminate between stimuli spectrally shaped with different HRTFs but whose interaural time difference remained the same. Results showed that listeners were more sensitive to changes in the vertical position than to changes in the horizontal position. Results are discussed in connection with requirements for spatial resolution of HRTFs in the synthesis of three-dimensional sound.
The Application of Hypoxanthine Activity as a Quality Indicator of Cold Stored Fish Burgers

Seafoods are very perishable, and many different methods are used for the determination of their quality. Sensory and hypoxanthine values of cold stored trout burgers, which we prepared, were determined during a 28-day period. Burgers spoiled after the 21 st day of storage. The TVB-N values were still very low when the burgers spoiled and the pH values decreased during their storage. Therefore total volatile bases nitrogen and pH analyses were not useful for the determination of the quality of trout burgers. There was a negative correlation between the sensory and the hypoxanthine values during the storage period. Thus, hypoxanthine analysis is recommended as a suitable quality indicator of fish burgers. Ozet: Su urunleri cok cabuk bozulabilir olup, bunlar›n kalitelerinin tespiti icin bircok farkl› metot kullan›lmaktad›r. Taraf›m›zca yap›lan soukta depolanan alabal›k burgerlerinin 28 gun boyunca duyusal ve hipoksantin deerleri tespit edilmifltir. Burgerler, depolaman›n 21. gununden sonra bozulmufllard›r. TVB-N deerleri burgerler bozulduunda bile cok dufluk kalm›fl, pH deerleri ise depolama suresince duflme gostermifltir. Bundan dolay› toplam ucucu bazik azot ve pH analizleri alabal›k burgerlerinin kalitelerinin tespiti icin uygun bulunmam›flt›r. Depolama periyodu suresince duyusal ve hipoksantin deerleri aras›nda negatif bir korelasyon gorulmufltur. Boylece, hipoksantin analizi, bal›k burgerlerinin kalitelerinin belirlenmesi icin uygun bir parametre olarak onerilmifltir.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF SPIRITUAL WELL-BEING AND ACCOUNTANT’S ETHICAL SENSITIVITY

This study aims at determining the relationship of Spiritual Well-Being and the four dimensions of Spiritual Well-Being: Communal Well-Being, Personal Well-Being, Transcendental Well-Being, and Environmental Well-Being with Accountant’s Ethical Sensitivity. Sample is 49 accounting students who are preparing thesis. The research design is a correlational research. Data is collected using questionnaires and analyzed using Spearman correlation. The results show that Spiritual Well-Being is not correlated with Accountant’s Ethical Sensitivity. The correlation test of Spiritual Well-Being dimensions shows that Communal Well-Being, Personal Well-Being, and Transcendental Well-Being are positively correlated with Accountant’s Ethical Sensitivity, whereas Environmental Well-Being is not correlated with Accountant’s Ethical Sensitivity. Keywords: spiritual well-being, accountant’s ethical sensitivity, accounting student
Residues of pesticides acephate and methamidophos in capsicum grown in greenhouse and open field

Introduction Capsicum grown in low-cost polyhouses (a protective shade made up of polythene used for growing high-value agricultural products) is often infested by thrips and acephate is an insecticide, which is frequently and repeatedly used for controlling this pest. Objectives Since a polyhouse microclimate is different from that of an open field, a study was carried out to compare the decline pattern of acephate residues in capsicum grown in polyhouse to that grown in open fi eld.Methods Laboratory standardized methodologies using gas liquid chromatography was adopted to estimate residues of acephate and its metabolite, methamidophos in capsicum fruits. Results and Conclusion Higher initial residues (0.39 ppm) and persistence of acephate (pre-harvest interval = 16 days) and its methamidophos metabolite was detected in capsicum grown in polyhouse as compared to that grown in open field (pre-harvest interval = 12 days) in spite of higher rate of growth and consequent residue ‘dilution’ in polyhousegrown capsicum.
Radial velocities, rotations, and duplicity of a sample of early F-type dwarfs ?

We present new radial and rotational veloci- ties for 595 nearby early F dwarfs, based on digital spec- tra cross-correlated with individually optimised synthetic template spectra. The selection of optimum templates, the determination of rotational velocities, and the extraction of velocities from the blended spectra of double-lined spec- troscopic binaries are discussed in some detail. We nd 170 spectroscopic binaries in the sample and determine orbits for 18 double-lined and 2 single-lined binaries, in- cluding some spectroscopic triples. 73 stars are listed with too rapid rotation to yield useful radial velocities (i.e. v sin i> 120 km s 1 ). We discuss the binary frequency in the sample, and the influence of unrecognised binaries on the denition of clean metallicity groups of young F dwarfs and the determination of their kinematical proper- ties.
MEASURING INTERTEMPORAL SUBSTITUTION: THE IMPORTANCE OF METHOD CHOICES AND SELECTIVE REPORTING

I examine 2,735 estimates of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution in consumption (EIS) reported in 169 published studies. The literature shows strong selective reporting: researchers discard negative and insignificant estimates too often, which pulls the mean estimate up by about 0.5. The reporting bias dwarfs the effects of methods, with the exception of the choice between micro and macro data. When I correct the mean for the bias, for macro estimates I get zero, even though the reported t-statistics are on average two. The corrected mean of micro estimates of the EIS for asset holders is around 0.3–0.4. Calibrations greater than 0.8 are inconsistent with the bulk of the empirical evidence.