Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TITLE : Targeting a Novel Androgen Receptor-Repressed Pathway in Prostate Cancer Therapy

In prostate cancer, androgen/androgen receptor (AR) and their downstream targets play key roles in all stages of disease progression. The protein kinase D (PKD) family, particularly PKD1, has been implicated in prostate cancer biology. Here, we examined the cross-regulation of PKD1 by androgen signaling in prostate cancer cells. Our data showed that the transcription of PKD1 was repressed by androgen in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. Steroid depletion caused up regulation of PKD1 transcript and protein, an effect that was reversed by the AR agonist R1881 in a timeand concentration-dependent manner, thus identifying PKD1 as a novel androgen-repressed gene. Kinetic analysis indicated that the repression of PKD1 by androgen required the induction of a repressor protein. Furthermore, inhibition or knockdown of AR reversed AR agonist-induced PKD1 repression, indicating that AR was required for the suppression of PKD1 expression by androgen. Downstream of AR, we identified fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 (FRS2) and its downstream MEK/ERK pathway as mediators of androgen-induced PKD1 repression. In summary, PKD1 was identified as a novel androgen-suppressed gene and could be downregulated by androgen through a novel AR/FRS2/MEK/ERK pathway. The upregulation of prosurvival PKD1 by anti-androgens may contribute to therapeutic resistance in prostate cancer treatment.
ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE , PRECIPITATION AND POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION TRENDS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

The analysis of a territory’s climate trends are currently major research interests, as this is a viable method for identifying changes in climatic parameters against the background of global climate change, which at the same time can provide basic support for environmental system adjustments. The present study aims to identify the temporal trends of the main climate parameters (temperature, precipitation and potential evapotranspiration) in southern Oltenia, based on climate data provided by five regional weather stations (Drobeta Turnu Severin, Calafat, Craiova, Bechet and Turnu Măgurele). The analysis covers the 1961 2009 period, and the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test was used as trend quantification method. The entire study was conducted on three temporal analysis scales – annual, seasonal (spring, summer, autumn and winter) and monthly. The results showed specificities for each climatic parameter on each of the three temporal scales. For the average temperature, trends are mainly upward on annual and seasonal scales (generally statistically significant), except for autumn, when a slight cooling trend lacking statistical significance was found. The same general pattern was identified for evapotranspiration, save for the fact that autumn’s negative trends are statistically relevant. For rainfall, while trends are generally decreasing annually and seasonally, except for autumn (characterized by positive trends), its dynamics status is uncertain as a result of the general lack of statistical significance. The monthly regime analysis revealed visibly more pronounced trend dynamics for all three climatic parameters. Key-words: Southern Oltenia, Climate change, Climate parameters, Trends, Mann-Kendall.
Genetic polymorphisms and phenotypic analysis of CYP 2 A 6 in the Sherpa population

Objectives: CYP2A6 is a highly polymorphic gene and CYP2A6 enzyme results in broad inter-individual variability in response to certain drugs and carcinogens, while little is known about the genetic variation of CYP2A6 in Sherpa population. The aim of this study was to identify different CYP2A6 mutant alleles and determine their frequencies, along with genotype frequencies, in the Sherpa population. Methods: We used DNA sequencing to investigate promoter, exons, introns, and 3’UTR of the CYP2A6 gene in 100 unrelated healthy Sherpa individuals from southwestern Tibet, China. We also used SIFT and PolyPhen-2 to predict the protein function of the non-synonymous mutation in CYP2A6 coding regions. Results: We identified a total of 25 different CYP2A6 polymorphisms in the Sherpa population, including one novel variants (-98T > G). The allele frequencies of CYP2A6*1, *4, *11, *14 and *18 were 81%, 10%, 0.5%, 7.5%, and 1%, respectively. The common genotype combinations were *1/*1 (62%), *1/*4 (20%) and *1/*14 (15%). We also determined rare genotypes *1/*11 (1%) and *1/*18 (2%) in Sherpas, which have decreased CYP2A6 activity. Additionally, the mutation I471T was predicted to be intolerant and probably damaging by SIFT and PolyPhen-2, respectively. Conclusion: Our results shed new light on CYP2A6 polymorphisms in Sherpa individuals, which may help to optimize pharmacotherapy effectiveness by providing personalized medicine to this ethnic group.
Safety Evaluation of a Standardized Macleaya cordata Extract in a Ninety Day Feeding Study in Weaned Piglets

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Sangrovit®, a standardized preparation of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE), on the health status and performance in weaned piglets. A total of 128 weaned piglets were randomly divided into four groups (n = 32, 16/sex/group) and fed either a control feed (T1) or the control feed supplemented with 100 mg/kg (T2), 500 mg/kg (T3), or 1000 mg/kg (T4) Sangrovit® (resulting in 0, 3.5, 17.5, 35 mg MCE/kg feed, respectively) for ninety days. The parameters for growth and health status were evaluated during the trial and blood was collected on Day 0 and Day 91 for hematology and biochemistry analysis. After the animals were sacrificed, the weight of the major organs and tissues was measured and histopathological examination on the organs from 8 animals in each group (4/sex/group) was performed. The results showed no statistically significant differences in live weight, feed intake, and average daily weight gain between the treatment and control groups. The feed containing 100, 500, or 1000 mg/kg Sangrovit® was well tolerated by piglets, with no adverse effects noted during the feeding period or in the histopathological results. The majority of the hematological and blood biochemistry parameters displayed no significant changes between the control and treatment groups. Compared to the control group, some hematological parameters including MCV, platelets concentration, and APTT were modified in some but not all treatment groups. Some significant changes in the blood biochemistry parameters were found in the treatment groups including levels in bile acid, haptoglobin, total serum protein, and GTT, as well as creatine kinase activity, but those changes were not toxicologically significant because no observed changes were seen in other similar biomarkers. In sum, this study demonstrated that the addition of Sangrovit® to swine feed at up to 1000 mg/kg does not result in any toxicological effects to the health status and growth of weaned piglets.
Earliest Predictor of Dropout in MOOCs: A Longitudinal Study of FutureLearn courses

Whilst a high dropout rate is a well-known problem in MOOCs, few studies take a data-driven approach to understand the reasons of such a phenomenon, and to thus be in the position to recommend and design possible adaptive solutions to alleviate it. In this study, we are particularly interested in finding a novel early detection mechanism of potential dropout, and thus be able to intervene at an as early time as possible. Additionally, unlike previous studies, we explore a light-weight approach, based on as little data as possible – since different MOOCs store different data on their users – and thus strive to create a truly generalisable method. Therefore, we focus here specifically on the generally available registration date and its relation to the course start date, via a comprehensive, larger than average, longitudinal study of several runs of all MOOC courses at the University of Warwick between 2014-1017, on the less explored European FutureLearn platform. We identify specific periods where different interventions are necessary, and propose, based on statistically significant results, specific pseudo-rules for adaptive feedback.
The Snake River Plain Experiment revisited. Relationships between a Farallon plate fragment and the transition zone

We reconsider the analysis of the 93 PASSCAL‐OREGON SRP experiment data. The techniques applied to the processing of Pds waves, which are P to S conversions at seismic discontinuities at depth d in the receiver region, differ from those employed by Dueker & Sheehan [1997]. We perform global move‐out corrections and migration, taking advantage of the alignment of seismicity along the great circle described by the array (South America, and the Kuril and Aleutians islands). We do not detect a deep signature of a mantle plume. The 410 km discontinuity exhibits a fragmented aspect, which prevents us from reliably estimating the transition zone thickness. The 660 km discontinuity is clearly more visible, and largely deflected in a large part of the profile. We associate this anomalous behaviour and the noisy aspect of the discontinuities with the presence of a Farallon plate fragment.
Coffee consumption and mortality in women with cardiovascular disease 1 – 3

Background: Coffee is commonly consumed among populations of all ages and conditions. The few studies that have examined the association between coffee consumption and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) have obtained conflicting results. Objective: The objective was to assess the association between filtered caffeinated coffee consumption and all-cause and CVD mortality during up to 24 y of follow-up in women with CVD from the Nurses’ Health Study. Design: The Nurses’ Health Study included 11,697 women. Coffee consumption was first assessed in 1980 with a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and then repeatedly every 2–4 y. Cumulative consumption was calculated with all available FFQs from the diagnosis of CVD to the end of the follow-up in 2004 to assess long-term effects. In addition, the most recent coffee measurement was related to mortality in the subsequent 2 y to assess shorter-term effects. Analyses were performed by using Cox regression models. Results: We documented 1159 deaths, of which 579 were due to CVD. The relative risks [RRs (95% CI)] of all-cause mortality across categories of cumulative coffee consumption [,1 cup (240 mL or 8 oz)/mo, 1 cup/mo to 4 cups/wk, 5–7 cups/wk, 2–3 cups/d, and 4 cups/d] were 1, 1.04 (0.86, 1.27), 1.13 (0.95, 1.36), 1.01 (0.86, 1.18), and 1.18 (0.89, 1.56), respectively (P for trend = 0.91). The RRs of CVD mortality across the same categories of coffee intake were 1, 0.99 (0.75, 1.31), 1.03 (0.80, 1.35), 0.97 (0.78, 1.21), and 1.25 (0.85, 1.84), respectively (P for trend = 0.76). Similarly, caffeine intake was not associated with total or CVD mortality. Finally, we observed no association of the most recent coffee and caffeine intakes with total and CVD mortality in the subsequent 2 y. Conclusion: Consumption of filtered caffeinated coffee was not associated with CVD or all-cause mortality in women with CVD. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:218–24.
THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE ACTIVITIES SPECIFIC BALANCE CONFIDENCE (ABC) SCALE: ITS CULTURAL ADAPTATION, VALIDATION AND RELIABILITY IN OLDER ADULTS

1 Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation ANKARA 2 Ahi Evran University, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation KIRfiEH‹R 3 Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health ANKARA Çi¤dem AYHAN1 Öznur BÜYÜKTURAN2 Nuray KIRDI1 Yavuz YAKUT1 Ça¤atay GÜLER3 THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE ACTIVITIES SPECIFIC BALANCE CONFIDENCE (ABC) SCALE: ITS CULTURAL ADAPTATION, VALIDATION AND RELIABILITY IN OLDER ADULTS
The 2017 Shared Task on Extrinsic Parser Evaluation Towards a Reusable Community Infrastructure

The 2017 Shared Task on Extrinsic Parser Evaluation (EPE 2017) seeks to provide better estimates of the relative utility of different types of dependency representations for a variety of downstream applications that depend centrally on the analysis of grammatical structure. EPE 2017 de-ﬁ nes a generalized notion of lexicalized syntactico-semantic dependency representations and provides a common interchange format to three state-of-the-art downstream applications, viz. biomedical event extraction, negation resolution, and ﬁ ne-grained opinion analysis. As a ﬁ rst step towards building a generic and extensible infrastructure for extrinsic parser evaluation, the downstream applications have been generalized to support a broad range of diverese dependency representations (including divergent sentence and token boundaries) and to allow fully automated re-training and evaluation for a speci ﬁ c collection of parser outputs. Nine teams participated in EPE 2017, submitting 49 distinct runs that encompass many different families of dependency representations, distinct approaches to preprocessing and parsing, and various types and volumes of training data.
jmbReview Incorporation of Nasutitermes takasagoensis Endoglucanase into Cell Surface-Displayed Minicellulosomes in Pichia pastoris X 33

Natural cellulose degradation is coordinated by a multitude of bacterial and fungal enzymes. Free-state cellulase systems occur in most fungal and other eukaryotic organisms in addition to prokaryotic microorganisms. Most cellulases consist of either a catalytic domain and cellulose-binding module (CBM) or a catalytic domain in a single polypeptide chain. The CBM targets the catalytic module to the cellulose surface and initiates the disruption and degradation of cellulose chains. Different types of free cellulases are thus distributed randomly and interact freely in a synergistic manner [21]. In contrast with the free cellulase systems of aerobic microorganisms, anaerobic bacteria produce relatively small quantities of enzymes to achieve efficient cellulose degradation [2]. Cellulosomes that are produced by certain anaerobic bacteria, such as Clostridium thermocellum and C. cellulyticum, have supermolecular architectures. They are multienzyme complexes that specialize in cellulose degradation and are mainly composed of a pivotal noncatalytic subunit, scaffoldin, which incorporates various enzymatic subunits into the complex via cohesin-dockerin interactions [58]. Cellulosomes are assembled by the tenacious binding of scaffoldin-based cohesin modules to enzyme-borne dockerin domains in a species-specific manner, which ensures the synergistic and orderly binding of enzymes to pertinent substrates through target and proximity effects to facilitate cellulose degradation [1, 8, 10, 26, 30]. Compared with the free wild-type enzymes, cellulases that are incorporated into cellulosomes have been shown to exhibit approximately 1.5to 2.6-fold greater activities [32, 36, 37]. Therefore, cellulosomes are Received: Februay 18, 2014 Revised: May 12, 2014 Accepted: May 20, 2014
Digestive system of the Laotian rock rat Laonastes aenigmamus (Rodentia: Diatomyidae) from the evolutionary viewpoint

A preliminary study of the gastrointestinal tract of Laonastes aenigmamus Jenkins et al., 2005 has been carried out. We have revealed that Laonastes is the smallest folivorous mammal with the enlarged forestomach, which is similar to that of certain herbivorous marsupials. The stomach of this rodent contains 70% of the digesta and performs the main role in storing and digesting of plant foods. Laonastes is a unique rodent having such the digestive system, and its herbivory is confirmed by the enlarged ampulla duodeni, small dimensions of the hindstomach (pars pylorica), the absence of vesica fellea, the presence of colon spiral loops, the well-developed lymphoid tissue of stomach, and the gut mass making up to 25–27% of the entire body mass. Such the gastrointestinal tract might have evolved as a result of a general digestive strategy of the foregut mammals that inhabited tropical forests in the Miocene. This strategy involved an adaptation to the nutrition on leaves of tropical dycots which apparently contributed to the convergent evolution of the digestive system in different folivorous mammals.
Gabapentin can decrease pain intensity for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty : a systematic review meta-analysis

Objective: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has always been associated with moderate to severe pain postoperatively. Gabapentin exhibits antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic properties that can reduce pain intensity when adjuvant to multiple postoperative analgesia. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gabapentin for pain control after TKA. Methods: In May 2016, electronic databases as follows: Embase, PubMed, CENTRAL (Cochrane Controlled Trials Register), Web of Science, Google Scholar, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Chinese Wanfang databases. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score after TKA with rest or mobilization at 24 h and 48 h were compiled to assess the efficacy of pain control after TKA. Cumulative morphine consumption at 24 h and 48 h and active knee flexion at day 3 and day 4 were also compiled to assess the morphine-saving and knee function. Complications such as dizziness, pruritus, vomiting, nausea and sedation were also compiled to assess the safety of gabapentin. Stata 12.0 software was used for the meta-analysis. Results: Seven clinical trials with 735 patients were finally included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that gabapentin can decrease VAS score with rest at 24 h (MD=-3.84; 95% CI -5.47 to -2.20; P<0.001) and at 48 h postoperatively (MD=-1.98; 95% CI -3.55 to -0.40; P=0.014) with statistically significant when compared to control group. Pooled results indicated that preoperative administration gabapentin can decrease the VAS score with mobilization at 24 h postoperatively (MD=-8.85; 95% CI -11.55 to -6.15; P<0.001) and 48 h postoperatively (MD=-2.35; 95% CI -4.40 to -0.29; P=0.025). These results indicated that the perioperative administration of gabapentin decreases the cumulative morphine consumption at 24 h (MD=-11.99; 95% CI -15.75 to -8.24; P=0.000) and 48 h (MD=-7.79; 95% CI -17.75 to -7.95; P=0.126). Furthermore, gabapentin decreased the rate of postoperative dizziness and pruritus with statistically significant. Conclusion: In summary, gabapentin perform better pain control with rest or mobilization in early phase, increase active knee flexion and exert opioid-sparing effect when adjuvant to multiple postoperative analgesia after TKA. Moreover, gabapentin can also decrease the opioid-related complications.
Utility of Hovmöller diagrams to diagnose Rossby wave trains

The study investigates and compares various methods that aim to diagnose Rossby wave trains with the help of Hovm¨oller diagrams. Three groups of methods are distinguished: The first group contains trough-and-ridge Hovm¨oller diagrams of the meridional wind; they provide full phase information, but differ in the method for latitudinal averaging or weighting. The second group aims to identify Rossby wave trains as a whole, discounting individual troughs and ridges. The third group contains diagnostics which focus on physical mechanisms during the different phases of a Rossby wave train life cycle; they include the analysis of eddy kinetic energy and methods for quantifying Rossby wave breaking. The different methods are analysed and systematically compared with each other in the framework of a two-month period in fall 2008. Each method more or less serves its designed purpose, but they all have their own strengths and weaknesses. Notable differences between the individual methods render an objective identification of a Rossby wave train somewhat elusive. Nevertheless, the combination of several techniques provides a rather comprehensive picture of the Rossby wave train life cycle, being broadly consistent with the expected behaviour from previous theoretical analysis.
Extreme Climatic Variability in North-western Nigeria: An Analysis of Rainfall Trends and Patterns

Some aspects of the climate of north-western Nigeria were examined in this study, focusing more on rainfall, its inter- and intra-annual variability and patterns of distribution. Adopting the statistical distributions commonly used to describe climate states such as the mean, the standard deviation and the coefficient of variability, the climate of north-western Nigeria was analyzed for possible shifts in mean conditions and patterns. The study found that climatic conditions in north-western Nigeria have altered substantially as four drought episodes took place within the last three decades of the 20 th Century and, the 1984 drought-year rainfall was 58.8 percent lower than the long-term mean rainfall. The study further showed that the 1968 to 2008 mean rainfall shifted downwards by 8.8 percent from the long-term mean, although it cannot be said if the shift is permanent or temporary since recent rainfall trends tend to suggest a recovery. Possible options for stabilizing the regional climate are suggested.
Identifying Asymmetries between Socially Responsible and Conventional Investments

Socially responsible investments have been a popular investment vehicle over the last decade. Employing a standard cointegration methodology along with a novel time-varying quantile cointegration approach, we estimate whether the US Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) and its conventional counterpart are integrated. The results confirm the presence of an asymmetric long-run relationship between the two indices that is not picked-up by the standard methodology of cointegration. The analysis highlights that the cointegrating relationship is quantile-dependent. These findings place any long-run diversification benefits under scrutiny, while they contain significant implications for international market participants.
Patterns in Payout Policy and Payout Channel Choice of UK Firms in the 1990s

We study the decision to distribute funds as well as the choice of the payout channel (i.e. dividends, repurchases, or both). Our analysis of the payout policy of UK firms demonstrates that the importance of share repurchases is increasing, but dividends still constitute a vast proportion of the total payout. We document that there is a relation between the presence of blockholders and the choice of the payout channel. We find that payout decisions are influenced by directors' liquidity needs but are not consistent with the agency theory of payout. We also reject the tax-clientele explanation for payout choices.
Zero discounting and optimal paths of depletion of an exhaustible resource with an amenity value

This paper studies the undiscounted utilitarian optimal paths of the canonical Dasgupta-Heal-Solow model when the stock of natural capital is a direct argument of well-being, besides consumption. We use a Keynes-Ramsey rule wich yields a generalization of Hartwick's rule: if society has a zero discount rate but is ready to accept intertemporal substitution, net investment should not be zero as in the maximin case but should be positive, its level depending on the distance between the current and the long run bliss level of utility. We characterize solutions in the Cobb-Douglas utility and production case, and analyse the influence of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution on the time profile of the optimal paths. We show that, in the Cobb-Douglas case, the ratio of the values of the resource and capital stocks remains constant along the optimal path, and is independent of initial conditions.