Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Liquidity risk management in the Islamic rural banking: evidence from Indonesia

As a financial intermediary, Islamic rural banks serve as maturity transformer such as transforming short term deposits into longer term financing. In serving this function, Islamic rural banks face risks, especially liquidity risk. Liquidity risk is regarded as a single risk that makes a bank experience difficulty in short term as it can generate reputation risk and insolvency. The author studies the determinant of liquidity risk position of Islamic rural banking using series of the data from Indonesia. ARIMAX regression methods are applied to study the behavior of liquidity risk in the industry. The result shows that liquidity risk is determined by asset management, leverage and capital adequacy. Asset size is also important as a growing asset improves bank liquidity position. Weaknesses in liquidity management in the Islamic rural banking market are detected. They set high liquidity ratio (up to 35%) as self insurance to anticipate liquidity risk. Further elaboration on this issue, especially on the manager’s side should be done to provide better understanding on liquidity risk management. Keywords: liquidity risk, ARIMAX, asset management, leverage, CAR.
Use of some isolated fungi in biological Leaching of Aluminum from low grade bauxite

In this investigation the biological leaching of aluminum by isolated fungi from low grade bauxite ( indigenous specimen fungi, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum. Savored dextrose chloramphenicol agar (SDA) was used as medium for the selected fungi. All microorganisms were tested for acid-production and leaching capabilities of aluminum from low grad bauxite. Leaching experiments were performed in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks at 28°C and at 150 rpm agitation under aseptic conditions. Pry heating of bauxite and its effect on leaching process was studied. Indigenous specimen fungi were the most efficient of the fungal cultures; 7080 mg of Al2O3/l was solubilized at 15% pulp density of bauxite. The metal content of leaching solution was determined by using wet chemical and atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
Antioxidant activity of Plumbago zeylanica and Plumbago rosea belonging to family plumbaginaceae

Plumbago zeylanica (Chitraka) is a perennial herbs found throughout India. The root is used as laxative, expectorant, astringent, abortifacient and dysentery. Plumbago rosea (Lal chitraka) have plumbagin and napthoquinone which is highly antitumour and anticarcinogenic in animal studies. Few reports are available on Plumbago rosea which is a very important medicinal plant. In this study we have attempted to investigate the antioxidant activity and phenol content in the root extract in a comparative manner by DPPH and OH- radical scavenging assay. In both the extracts ethanolic solvent gave maximum crude extract, phenol content and antioxidant activity. Highest antioxidant activity was demonstrated in Plumbago rosea (82.34%) in comparison to Plumbago zeylanica (74.65%) at 200µg/ml in DPPH assay. Similarly in OH- radical assay ethanolic extract of Plumbago rosea at 200µg/ml demonstrated highest activity in comparision to Plumbago zeylanica. The total phenolic content of Plumbago rosea root extract is 235µg/gm in comparison to 204µg/ gm in Plumbago zeylanica which indicates regarding the higher antioxidant activity in Plumbago rosea. The unexplored medicinal plant Plumbago rosea need more attention for detailed scientific investigation.
Population dynamics of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) infesting tomato (Lycopersicon esculentus L.) and their sustainable management using bio-pesticides

The present research was undertaken to study the population dynamics of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) infesting tomato (Lycopersicon esculentus L.) and their sustainable management using biopesticides. The maximum population level was maintained during 11th standard week to 18th standard week that is during 2nd week of March to 3rd week of March with peak population (0.47/leaf) was recorded. Weekly population counts on white fly showed non-significant negative correlation (p=0.05) with temperature and weekly total rainfall where as significant negative correlation with relative humidity. The insecticide acetamiprid was found most lethal against whitefly providing 76.59% suppression, closely followed by extracts of neem + Spilanthes providing 62.39% suppression. Neem and Spilanthes individually did not produce good results but when used as a mixture they recorded better results. Highest yield (30.15 t/ha) were recorded from acetamiprid treated plots followed by neem + Spilanthes (27.55 t/ha). Azadirachtin and Plant extracts are biopesticides having less or no hazardous effects on human health and environment. Thus they can be incorporated in IPM programmes and organic farming in vegetable cultivation.
Title New numerical approaches for modeling thermochemical convection in a compositionally stratified fluid Permalink

Geochemical observations of mantle-derived rocks favor a nearly homogeneous upper mantle, the source of midocean ridge basalts (MORB), and heterogeneous lower mantle regions. Plumes that generate ocean island basalts are thought to sample the lower mantle regions and exhibit more heterogeneity than MORB. These regions have been associated with lower mantle structures known as large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPS) below Africa and the South Pacific. The isolation of these regions is attributed to compositional differences and density stratification that, consequently, have been the subject of computational and laboratory modeling designed to determine the parameter regime in which layering is stable and understanding how layering evolves. Mathematical models of persistent compositional interfaces in the Earth’s mantle may be inherently unstable, at least in some regions of the parameter space relevant to the mantle. Computing approximations to solutions of such problems presents severe challenges, even to state-of-the-art numerical methods. Some numerical algorithms for modeling the interface between distinct compositions smear the interface at the boundary between compositions, such as methods that add numerical diffusion or ‘artificial viscosity’ in order to stabilize the algorithm. We present two new algorithms for maintaining high-resolution and sharp computational boundaries in computations of these types of problems: a discontinuous Galerkin method with a bound preserving limiter and a Volume-of-Fluid interface tracking algorithm. We compare these new methods with two approaches widely used for modeling the advection of two distinct thermally driven compositional fields in mantle convection computations: a high-order accurate finite element advection algorithm with entropy viscosity and a particle method that carries a scalar quantity representing the location of each compositional field. All four algorithms are implemented in the open source finite element code ASPECT, which we use to compute the velocity, pressure, and temperature associated with the underlying flow field. We compare the performance of these four algorithms on three problems, including computing an approximation to the solution of an initially compositionally stratified fluid at = Ra 105 with buoyancy numbers B that vary from no stratification at = B 0 to stratified flow at large B.
Instruments for intergenerational risk sharing

I study the intergenerational sharing of macroeconomic risk in a many period, two overlapping generation model of a closed economy. The market solution leads to too little risk sharing with future generations, compared to the social optimum. Contrary to results obtained in a single-period model, it is not possible to emulate the optimum using pay-as-you-go and funded pensions. Funded pensions with an option to retain capital or stay underfunded are introduced as an option to increase risk sharing but cannot exactly replicate the social planner.
Inferring palaeoecology in extinct tremarctine bears (Carnivora, Ursidae) using geometric morphometrics

In this study we explore the ecomorphological patterns of extinct tremarctine bears in South America during the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI). These patterns are used to derive palaeoautoecological inferences in extinct tremarctines and their palaeosinecological relationships within Plio-Pleistocene ecosystems. We used geometric morphometrics of landmark data to recover the shape of the craniomandibular skeleton of bears. The results reveal different ecomorphological specializations in extinct tremarctines during the Plio-Pleistocene of South America. Indeed, these bears could have increased the percentage of plant matter in their diets according with the increased diversity of large carnivores in South America after the GABI. Omnivorous bears retain the ability to behave as carnivores or herbivores depending on resource availability. This fact strongly supports that bears are one of the most ecologically and morphologically adaptable members of the large carnivore guild. Moreover, their skull morphology could reflect ecological adaptations under different selection pressures with the required evolutionary time. h Evolution, GABI, geometric morphometrics, palaeoecology, Tremarctinae.
Analysing the Factors Influencing Employee Loyalty in the Hotel Industry in Takoradi, Ghana

This study seeks to analyze factors influencing employee loyalty in the hotel industry in the Takoradi municipality, Ghana. The study seeks to identify the benefits of employee loyalty, determine the factors and strategies employed by management of the hotels to boost employee’s loyalty. This study adopted a combination of both descriptive and exploratory research designs which allowed detailed description and analysis of the variables under study. Characteristics of variables are described and presented and their relationships are explained without manipulation . The study employed a stratified sample of 80 out of target population of 140 employees in six hotels within the Takoradi Municipality, Ghana. The study covered all categories of employees; managers, supervisors, clerks, waiters, cooks and cleaners and achieved a response rate of 85.34%. The results of the study revealed that providing assurances to employees, encouraging employees to have a “voice”, in the decision making process, fair treatment, team work, training and compensation policies were identified as the main strategies that the hotels must incorporate into a commitment-based approach. It was also observed that empowerment and involvement of employees in work gives employee’s a feeling of belongingness and recognition and makes them happy with their job. Keywords: Descriptive-exploratory, employee loyalty, hotel industry, Takoradi.
Traditional Hira potters of lower Assam

Pottery making is an age-old traditional occupation of the human civilization. The process of making pottery from a particular type of clay on wheel reflects traditional knowledge. Hira potters are distributed in Goalpara, Kamrup and Barpeta districts of the lower Brahmaputra valley of Assam. The women folk of the Hira society of Assam are practicing the pottery making without wheel since centuries ago as their traditional occupation. It is their hereditary pursuits through female line, which has still retained its importance, aesthetic appeal, unique technique and skill. The paper, out come of the field research on the Hira people in lower Assam, examines the present status of crafts and artisans, technique of pottery production and sale of finished products. The study concludes that the Hira people lives under the shroud poverty and unless urgent measures are taken this inherent craft will not survive.
Ecological impacts of small dams on South African rivers Part 2: Biotic response - abundance and composition of macroinvertebrate communities

This paper investigates the cumulative impacts of small dams on invertebrate communities in 2 regions of South Africa - the Western Cape and Mpumalanga. Previous research found reduced discharge, increased total dissolved salts, and a decrease in average score per taxon (ASPT; collected using SASS4 methods) at sites with high density of small dams in their catchment. These changes in ASPT are investigated using the invertebrate abundance data available in the River Health Programme. Multivariate analyses found differences in invertebrate communities in rivers with high densities of small dams in their catchment in foothill-gravel streams (in both Western Cape and Mpumalanga) and in foothill-cobble streams (in Western Cape only). Opportunistic taxa that are tolerant of pollution, and capable of exploiting various habitats, and those that prefer slower currents increased in numbers, while other taxa that are sensitive to pollution and disturbance declined in numbers. Some regional differences were noted possibly reflecting climatic differences between the regions. Since the results of this study are correlative, it highlights the need for a systematic (by sites and seasons) and detailed (at species level) collection of data to verify the results of cumulative effects of small dams. This can further the development of a framework for small-dam construction and management that will limit their impact on river catchments.
Kinetics and thermodynamics of the solid-liquid extraction process of total polyphenols from barley

The influence of the solvent concentration, pH, temperature, sampler solid ratio and extraction time on the extractability of total phenolic compounds from barley was investigated. The most effective solvent (30% aqueous ethanol solution with 5% HCl v/v) was used for modeling the solid-liquid extraction of total polyphenolic compounds at the solid-liquid ratio of 30 mL/g (the ratio of the solvent volume per gram of raw material). Total phenolic compounds in the barley extracts were determined spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu method at 760 nm. The content of the phenolic compounds of extracts depends on the extraction conditions applied. The mechanism of the extraction is confirmed to occur in the following steps: first, the dissolution of the phenolic compounds near the particle surface (washing) and second, the diffusion from the solid particles to the bulk of the liquid extract (slow extraction). The process is described mathematically using two concepts of unsteady diffusion through the plant material and Ponomaryov’s empirical equations. The data obtained are used to establish the kinetics and thermodynamics of the extraction process.
Kinetic Study for Reactive Red 84 Photo Degradation Using Iron (III) Oxide Nanoparticles in annular reactor

Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) were prepared by mixing iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in aqueous solution at pH 3. Fe2O3 NPs are used to degrade Reactive Red-84 (RR-84) azo dye in a glass annular photo-reactor using a white light lamp. The presence of Fe2O3 NPs was verified by HRTEM analyses. Kinetic studies were made varying the reagents concentration and the reaction rate was controlled increasing the concentration of iron ions in comparison with H2O2. Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetic model was performed to analyze heterogeneous catalytic reactions under illumination conditions. The elimination process of azo dye followed the pseudo first-order kinetic according to L-H model. The adsorption process of the azo dye on the catalytic surface was determinant for the dye photodecomposition. The linear expression of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm under darkness was further used to establish the maximum amount of dye adsorbed Qmax=0.80 ± 0.18 mg*mgcatalyst-1 and the adsorption constant kads=0.016 ± 0.004 L*mg-1. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood equilibrium constant for dye adsorption under illumination conditions was KL-H=0.03 ± 0.02 L*mg-1. This similarity with adsorption constants could depict an evidence which suggest that Fe2O3 NPs are presents in Fenton´s reaction (FeSO4/H2O2) interacting as catalysts in the degradation of organic substrates.
Size evolution of normal and compact galaxies in the EAGLE simulation

We present the evolution of galaxy sizes, from redshift 2 to 0, for actively star forming and passive galaxies in the cosmological hydrodynamical 1003 cMpc3 simulation of the EAGLE project. We find that the sizes increase with stellar mass, but that the relation weakens with increasing redshift. Separating galaxies by their star formation activity, we find that passive galaxies are typically smaller than active galaxies at a fixed stellar mass. These trends are consistent with those found in observations and the level of agreement between the predicted and observed size–mass relations is of the order of 0.1 dex for z < 1 and 0.2–0.3 dex from redshift 1 to 2. We use the simulation to compare the evolution of individual galaxies with that of the population as a whole. While the evolution of the size–stellar mass relation for active galaxies provides a good proxy for the evolution of individual galaxies, the evolution of individual passive galaxies is not well represented by the observed size–mass relation due to the evolving number density of passive galaxies. Observations of z ∼ 2 galaxies have revealed an abundance of massive red compact galaxies, which depletes below z ∼ 1. We find that a similar population forms naturally in the simulation. Comparing these galaxies with their z = 0 descendants, we find that all compact galaxies grow in size due to the high-redshift stars migrating outwards. Approximately 60 per cent of the compact galaxies increase in size further due to renewed star formation and/or mergers.
Factors Influencing Muslims Compliance Behavior in Paying Zakah of Income: A Case Study in Jayapura (A Non-Muslim Region in Indonesia)

Indonesia is the forth largest population country and one of the most populous Muslims countries in the world. However, there are some regions in the eastern Indonesia that have small number of Muslims citizen, including Papua Province. This research aims to examine the factors affecting Muslims’ compliance behavior in paying Zakah of income in Jayapura, a capital city of Papua Province, using Theory of Planned Behavior. Factors examined include attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and intention. This research used quantitative method with questionnaire as the instrument to collect the data. In this study, a total of 52 Muslims in Jayapura who had ever paid Zakah o f income become the respondents. This research used multiple linear regressions to analyze the collected data with SPSS 19. After meeting the reliability and validity test, the result showed that subjective norm and perceived behavioral control significantly affected the Muslims’ intention in paying zakah of income, meanwhile attitude did not influence the Jayapura Muslims’ compliance behavior and it was affected significantly by their intention in paying Zakah o f income and perceived behavior control. In general, the Theory of Planned Behavior can be used to determine Muslims’ compliance in paying Zakah.
Revisiting the importance of nontradable goods prices in cyclical real exchange rate uctuations

In an inuential paper Engel (1999. Accounting for U.S. Real Exchange Rate Changes, Journal of Political Economy 107, 507-538) argues that essentially all the uctuations in the real exchange rate can be attributed to uctuations in the relative price of traded goods, and that only a small part of the uctuations can be attributed to changes in the relative price of non-tradables. We instead decompose the real exchange rate into three components: the relative price of traded goods at-the-dock, the di¤erence in the relative price of non-traded to traded goods and the di¤erence in the wedge between retail prices of traded goods and the prices of traded goods at-thedock. Using data on US bilateral real exchange rates we nd that the uctuations in the relative wedge between retail prices and traded goods prices at-the-dock account for on average between 30 and 70 percent of the movements in the real exchange rate. These ndings suggest that the relationship between traded goods prices atthe-dock and retail prices of traded goods is key to understanding real exchange rate uctuations. JEL Classi cation: F31, F41
The Effectiveness of Energy Feedback for Conservation and Peak Demand: A Literature Review

This paper reviews electricity consumption feedback literature to explore the potential of electricity feedback to affect residential consumers’ electricity usage patterns. The review highlights a substantial amount of literature covering the debate over the effectiveness of different feedback criteria to residential customer acceptance and overall conservation and peak demand reduction. Researchers studying the effects of feedback on everyday energy use have observed substantial variation in effect size, both within and between studies. Although researchers still continue to question the types of feedback that are most effective in encouraging conservation and peak load reduction, some trends have emerged. These include that feedback be received as quickly as possible to the time of consumption; be related to a standard; be clear and meaningful and where possible both direct and indirect feedback be customised to the customer. In general, the literature finds that feedback can reduce electricity consumption in homes by 5 to 20 percent, but that significant gaps remain in our knowledge of the effectiveness and cost benefit of feedback.
The standing wave phenomenon in radio telescopes - Frequency modulation of the WSRT primary beam

Context. Inadequacies in the knowledge of the primary beam response of current interferometric arrays often form a limitation to the image fidelity, particularly when “mosaicing” over multiple tele scope pointings. Aims. We hope to overcome these limitations by constructing a frequency-resolved, full-polarization empirical model for th e primary beam of the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT). Methods. Holographic observations, sampling angular scales between about 5 arcmin and 11 degrees, were obtained of a bright compact source (3C147). These permitted measurement of voltage response patterns for seven of the fourteen telescopes in the array and allowed calculation of the mean cross-correlated power beam. Good sampling of the main-lobe, near-in, and far-side-lobes out to a radius of more than 5 degrees was obtained. Results. A robust empirical beam model was detemined in all polarization products (XX, XY, YX and YY) and at frequencies between 1322 and 1457 MHz with 1 MHz resolution. Substantial departures from axi-symmetry are apparent in the main-lobe as well as systematic differences between the polarization properties. Surprisingly, many beam properties are modulated at the 5 to 10% level with changing frequency. These include: (1) the main beam area, (2) the side-lobe to main-lobe power ratio, and (3) the effective telescope aperture. These semi-sinusoidsal modulations have a basic period of about 17 MHz, consistent with the natural “standing wave” period of a 8.75 m focal distance. The deduced frequency modulations of the beam pattern were verified in an independent long duration observation using compact continuum sources at very large off-axis distances. Conclusions. Application of our frequency-resolved beam model should enable higher dynamic range and improved image fidelity for int erferometric observations in complex fields, although at the e xpense of an increased computational load. The beam modulation with frequency can not be as easily overcome in total power observations. In that case it may prove effective to combat the underlying multi-path interference by coating all shadowed telescope surfaces with a broad-band isotropic scattering treatment.