Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A potent hydroxamic acid-based, small-molecule inhibitor A452 preferentially inhibits HDAC6 activity and induces cytotoxicity toward cancer cells irrespective of p53 status

HDAC6-selective inhibitors are novel epigenetic anticancer agents. However, their precise mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. We investigated the anticancer mechanisms of the novel potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor A452 compared with current clinically tested HDAC6 inhibitor ACY-1215. We demonstrate that A452 effectively inhibits the cell growth and viability of various cancer cell types, irrespective of p53 status. A452-induced apoptosis as evidenced by activated caspase 3 and PARP, increased Bak and Bax and decreased Bcl-xL. Moreover, A452 shifted cells away from antiapoptotic (AKT and ERK) pathways and toward proapoptotic (p38) pathways. A452 triggered DNA damage via increased γH2AX and activation of the checkpoint kinase Chk2. A452 induced the suppression of cell migration and invasion. Interestingly, A452 upregulated the expression of PD-L1, which regulates the PD-1 inhibitory pathway in T cells. Overall, our results suggest that A452 is more effective as an anticancer agent than ACY-1215. Therefore, therapeutically targeting HDAC6 may represent a novel strategy for cancer treatment irrespective of the p53 mutation status.
Epidemiology of Diabetes in Adults Aged 35 and Older from Shanghai, China.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of diabetes in adults from Shanghai, aged 35 and older, in 2013. METHODS We estimated the diabetes prevalence in a representative sample of 18,736 adults who were selected through a multistage stratified cluster sampling process. A standard questionnaire containing questions about demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors was distributed. After an overnight fast of at least 10 hours, a venous blood sample was collected from each participant. For each patient without a history of diabetes, another blood sample was drawn 120 min after an oral glucose tolerance test to identify undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetic condition. RESULTS Among Shanghai residents aged 35 and above, the overall weighted prevalence of diabetes was 17.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 16.4%-18.8%]. The prevalences were 19.3% in men and 15.8% in women as well as 19.1%, 15.4%, and 16.1% in urban, suburban, and rural residents, respectively. In addition, the weighted prevalence of prediabetes was 16.5% (95% CI: 15.3%-17.8%), with the prevalences of 16.5% in men, 16.6% in women, 15.2% in urban residents, 18.0% in suburban residents, and 18.5% in rural residents. Among all patients with diabetes, 68.1% (95% CI: 64.3%-71.6%) were aware of their status, 63.5% (95% CI: 60.0%-66.9%) received diabetes treatment, but only 35.1% (95% CI: 32.4%-37.8%) had adequate glycemic control. CONCLUSION In Shanghai, diabetes and prediabetes are highly prevalent. However, 1/3rd of diabetes cases are undiagnosed, and the rate of glycemic control is low.
Childhood morbidity after severe traumatic brain injury: Increased detection with the Multiattribute Health Status Classification

Objectives Study 1: To determine the interrater agreement on the Multiattribute Health Status Classification (MAHSC) for brain-injured children. Study 2: To determine the outcome of severe childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) by comparing three measures: MAHSC, Functional Independence Measures (FIM/WeeFIM), and the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Designs Study 1: Clinic recruitment of parents of patients. Study 2: Surveillance follow-up of an inception cohort. Settings Study 1: The Brain Injury Clinic, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Edmonton, Canada. Study 2: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University of Alberta Hospital. Patients Study 1: Two physiatrists and parents of 50 children (5–18 yrs, 54% boys) independently completed the survey. Study 2: From a cohort of 51 patients (3–17 yrs, 69% boys, 6 deaths) consecutively admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit in 1995 and 1996 with severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Score ≤ 8 within the first 24 hrs postinjury), parents of all survivors (71% boys) completed outcome measures at 6–12 months postinjury. Measurements and Main Results Study 1: The interrater agreement exceeded 70% for attributes of sensation, mobility, cognition, self-care, and general health. Study 2: Of 45 survivors, 34 (76%) had a “good recovery” on the Glasgow Outcome Scale, 16 (36%) had normal scores on the FIM/WeeFIM, and only 8 (18%) had normal attributes on the MAHSC. Correlations of measures were Glasgow Outcome Scale and MAHSC, −. 73; Glasgow Outcome Scale and FIM/WeeFIM, . 64; and MAHSC and FIM/WeeFIM, −. 63. Sensitivity and specificity from acute injury predictors for the Glasgow Outcome Scale were 88% and 91%, respectively; for MAHSC 75% and 70%; and for FIM/WeeFIM 63% and 75%. Conclusions The MAHSC has a high interrater reliability after brain injury and is a useful parent-report surveillance tool to audit outcome after severe TBI. It identified problems not addressed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale or FIM/WeeFIM. Most children with severe TBI have adverse outcomes.
Sensitivity of the Halstead and Wechsler Test Batteries to Brain Damage: Evidence from Reitan's Original Validation Sample

The Halstead-Reitan Battery has been instrumental in the development of neuropsychological practice in the United States. Although Reitan administered both the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale and Halstead's test battery when evaluating Halstead's theory of biologic intelligence, the relative sensitivity of each test battery to brain damage continues to be an area of controversy. Because Reitan did not perform direct parametric analysis to contrast group performances, we reanalyze Reitan's original validation data from both Halstead (Reitan, 1955) and Wechsler batteries (Reitan, 1959a) and calculate effect sizes and probability levels using traditional parametric approaches. Eight of the 10 tests comprising Halstead's original Impairment Index, as well as the Impairment Index itself, statistically differentiated patients with unequivocal brain damage from controls. In addition, 13 of 14 Wechsler measures including Full-Scale IQ also differed statistically between groups (Brain Damage Full-Scale IQ = 96.2; Control Group Full Scale IQ = 112.6). We suggest that differences in the statistical properties of each battery (e.g., raw scores vs. standardized scores) likely contribute to classification characteristics including test sensitivity and specificity.
You have printed the following article : Creating Meaning for and with the Graphing Calculator

In this study, we seek to describe how the meaning of a tool was coconstructed by the students and their teacher and how the students used the tool to construct mathematical meaning out of particular tasks. We report the results of a qualitative. classroom-based study that examined (1) the role, knowledge and beliefs of a pre-calculus teacher, (2) how students used graphing calculators in support of their learning of mathematics, (3) the relationship and interactions between the teacher's role, knowledge and beliefs and the students' use of the graphing calculator in learning mathematics, and (4) some constraints of the graphing calculator technology that emerged within the classroom practice. We fhund five patterns and modes of graphing calculator tool use emerged in this practice: computational tool, transformational tool, data collection and analysis tool. visualizing tool, and checking tool. The results of this study suggest that nature of the mathematical tasks and the role, knowledge and beliefs of the teacher influenced the emergence of such rich usage of the graphing calculator. We also found that the use of the calculator as a personal device can inhibit communication in a small group setting. while its use as a shared device supported mathematical learning in the whole class setting.
Serum Uric Acid and Renal Prognosis in Patients with IgA Nephropathy

Background/Aims: This study was designed to elucidate the clinical significance of serum uric acid (SUA) and the relationship between hyperuricemia and renal prognosis in IgA nepropathy. Methods: The correlation between SUA and other clinical parameters were examined in 748 IgA nephropathy patients (432 males and 316 females). Among these patients, 226 (144 males and 82 females) who were followed for more than 5 years were examined for the relationship between hyperuricemia and renal prognosis. Results: In IgA nephropathy, SUA correlated negatively with creatinine clearance (Ccr), and positively with urinary protein and tubulointerstitial damage. SUA was higher in patients with hypertension or diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. Hyperuricemia was a risk factor for renal prognosis, both in terms of serum creatinine (p = 0.0025) and Ccr (p = 0.0057). In 56 patients with normal Ccr at renal biopsy, the change of Ccr after more than 8 years was –22.3 ± 20.8% in 13 patients with hyperuricemia, compared with +2.6 ± 39.4% in 43 patients without hyperuricemia (p = 0.0238). Hyperuricemia was related independently to deterioration of Ccr (p = 0.0461). Conclusion: Hyperuricemia in IgA nephropathy is derived from both glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, and correlated with hypertension. Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for renal prognosis in IgA nephropathy.
Interactions between fibroblasts , macrophages , Th 2 and Th 17 immunity regulate fibrosis 1 2

11 Dysregulated wound healing leads to fibrosis, where fibroblasts synthesize excess 12 extracellular matrix and scarring impairs proper organ function. Although fibrotic diseases arise 13 from diverse causes and display heterogeneous features, fibrosis commonly associates with 14 chronic inflammation. Recent discoveries reinforce the idea that communication between 15 fibroblasts, macrophages, and CD4 T cells integrates the processes of wound healing and host 16 defense. Signals between macrophages and fibroblasts can exacerbate, suppress, or reverse 17 fibrosis. Fibroblasts and macrophages are activated by T cells, but their activation also engages 18 negative feedback loops that reduce fibrosis by restraining the immune response, particularly 19 when the Th2 cytokine IL-13 contributes to pathology. Thus, the interactions among 20 fibroblasts, macrophages, and CD4 T cells likely play general and critical roles in initiating, 21 perpetuating, and resolving fibrosis in both experimental and clinical conditions. 22
Causes & Management of Testicular Abscess: Findings of A Study on Eleven Patients

Testicular abscess is a rare surgical entity of Zone III of inguinoscrotal region. C Trachomatis and E Coli are the two commonest causative organism worldwide. A total number of eleven cases of testicular abscesses had been reviewed for a period of one and half years. It was seen that, the cases mainly present with complaint of acute scrotum with discharging pus and acute abdomen. Mean age of the patients under study is around 53 yrs. Ultrasonography used for diagnosis. In two third cases epididymoorchitis history was obtained. Regarding growth pattern of pus, it was found that identifying bacterial pathogens are found in seven case where as no growth was found in rest. E coli was found to be the commonest pathogen in culture isolate. One patient of chronic testicular abscess, who was on treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis; pus culture revealed AFB to be causative bacteria. Only a single case of acute testicular abscess was found to have seropositivity for HIV virus, his pus culture was notably negative for any other bacterial pathogen. One out of the 7 cases of acute testicular abscess and 2 of the 4 cases of chronic testicular abscess were found to have type II DM. Orchiectomy and broad spectrum antibiotics were used as mainstay of treatment.
Forearm Vascular Response to Nitric Oxide and Calcitonin Gene- Related Peptide: Comparison between Migraine Patients and Control Subjects

The forearm vascular response to nitric oxide (NO) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was investigated in 10 migraine patients and 10 matched control subjects. Changes in forearm blood flow (FBF) during intrabrachial infusion of: (i) serotonin (releasing endogenous NO), (ii) sodium nitroprusside (SNP, exogenous NO-donor), and (iii) CGRP were measured using venous occlusion plethysmography. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, a measure for the endogenous release of NO reactive to occlusion, was measured using ultrasound and expressed as percentage change vs. baseline diameter. FBF ratio (i.e. FBF in the infused over the control arm) at baseline (1.1 ± 0.1) did not differ between both populations. Serotonin, SNP and CGRP induced a dose-dependent increase (P < 0.001) in FBF ratio in controls (to 2.8 ± 0.3, 6.7 ± 1.4 and 6.9 ± 1.2 at the highest dose, respectively) and migraineurs (2.5 ± 0.4, 5.6 ± 0.8 and 6.5 ± 1.3, respectively); these ratios did not differ between both groups. FMD was comparable in control subjects (5.8 ± 1%) and migraine patients (5.2 ± 1%). Based on the forearm vascular response to NO and CGRP, migraine patients do not display generalized changes in vascular function.
The sponge microbiome project

Abstract Marine sponges (phylum Porifera) are a diverse, phylogenetically deep-branching clade known for forming intimate partnerships with complex communities of microorganisms. To date, 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies have largely utilised different extraction and amplification methodologies to target the microbial communities of a limited number of sponge species, severely limiting comparative analyses of sponge microbial diversity and structure. Here, we provide an extensive and standardised dataset that will facilitate sponge microbiome comparisons across large spatial, temporal, and environmental scales. Samples from marine sponges (n = 3569 specimens), seawater (n = 370), marine sediments (n = 65) and other environments (n = 29) were collected from different locations across the globe. This dataset incorporates at least 268 different sponge species, including several yet unidentified taxa. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced from extracted DNA using standardised procedures. Raw sequences (total of 1.1 billion sequences) were processed and clustered with (i) a standard protocol using QIIME closed-reference picking resulting in 39 543 operational taxonomic units (OTU) at 97% sequence identity, (ii) a de novo clustering using Mothur resulting in 518 246 OTUs, and (iii) a new high-resolution Deblur protocol resulting in 83 908 unique bacterial sequences. Abundance tables, representative sequences, taxonomic classifications, and metadata are provided. This dataset represents a comprehensive resource of sponge-associated microbial communities based on 16S rRNA gene sequences that can be used to address overarching hypotheses regarding host-associated prokaryotes, including host specificity, convergent evolution, environmental drivers of microbiome structure, and the sponge-associated rare biosphere.
Ibopamine: A New Preoperative Mydriatic for Cataract Surgery

Ibopamine is a dopaminergic mydriatic of proven use for fundoscopy. This double-blind prospective trial assessed its efficacy and safety as a preoperative mydriatic agent. 105 patients undergoing extracapsular cataract surgery were randomly allocated to receive Ibopamine 1%, Ibopamine 1% with Cyclopentolate 1%, or the control Phenylephrine 10% with Cyclopentolate 1%. Ibopamine alone achieved good mydriasis prior to anaesthesia, but this was not maintained intraoperatively. Cyclopentolate combined with Ibopamine, produced consistently greater mydriasis than when combined with Phenylephrine, but the difference became less marked as surgery continued. Analysis in relation to the stage of surgery showed that the greatest stimulus to miosis occurred during expression of the nucleus. Pulse rate and blood pressure in the 51 local anaesthetic cases showed no significant difference between the treatment groups, and there was no significant variation from baseline. The incidence of local side effects was similar in the three groups, and there were no systemic symptoms attributable to the drops. In conclusion, Ibopamine is a safe and effective mydriatic agent for cataract surgery, when used in combination with Cyclopentolate.
Adverse birth outcomes among pregnancies of teen mothers: age-specific analysis of national data in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND This study was conducted to evaluate the risks of adverse birth outcomes including low birthweight, preterm and small-for-gestational age among teen mothers. METHODS Data were collected from the Taiwan Birth Registry between 1985 and 1997. Among a total of 1,185,597 live births born to mothers aged 24 years or less, 151,259 (12.8%) were born to teen mothers aged 19 years or less. Crude odds ratios (ORs), adjusted ORs (AORs), their 95% confidence intervals and test for linear trend of maternal age-specific AOR were estimated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS After controlling for certain birth characteristics and socio-economic factors, the age-specific analysis showed significantly gradient variations in increased risks of adverse birth outcomes among births of teen mothers, where the elevated risk was lessened in older teen mothers. Teen mothers aged 16 years or less were observed to experience particularly high AORs for all adverse birth outcomes of interest. CONCLUSIONS Not all teen mothers experienced the same magnitude of increased risk of adverse birth outcomes in Taiwan. Considering all teen mothers as the same group may have overlooked the particularly high risks of adverse birth outcomes among very young teen mothers (16 years or less), who are especially vulnerable to such elevated risks.
Clinical significance of anti-Scl-70 antibody estimation in pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

INTRODUCTION Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a rheumatic disease of unknown cause, is characterized by autoantibodies directed against self antigens and resulting in inflammatory damage to target organs. Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease that causes fibrosis and vascular abnormalities. Some patients with scleroderma have overlap features with other autoimmune conditions as systemic lupus erythematosus. Antibodies that occur in scleroderma that were thought to be specific are present in other connective tissue diseases. For instance, anti-Scl-70 antibody is reported in as many as 35% of patients with scleroderma and signifies an increased risk for the development of pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. This antibody can be present in 25% of patients with SLE . We sought to investigate whether a subset of pediatric lupus patients would be at increased risk for certain complications if the anti-Scl-70 antibody was elevated in their sera. If those patients could be identified, they may be offered careful monitoring and treatment at an early stage.
WINTER DROUGHT VARIATIONS BASED ON TREE-RING DATA IN GAOLIGONG MOUNTAIN, NORTHWESTERN YUNNAN, CHINA, A. D. 1795-2004

We developed two tree ring-width chronologies of coniferous species (Tsuga dumosa (D.Don) Eichler and Abies georgei Orr) in Gaoligong Mountain, northwestern Yunnan, China. Although the two chronologies come from different species, significant correlation existed between the two chronologies (r = 0.528, p<0.01), and the first principal component (PC1) accounted for 75% of total variance over their common period A. D. 1795–2005. Using the PC1 of tree-ring chronologies, the winter (prior October to current January) PDSI for the research area was reconstructed for the past 210 years (r = 0.617, p<0.01). Wet winters occurred during A. D.1827–1861, 1880–1896 and 1922–1961, while dry winters were prevailed in A. D. 1795–1826, 1862–1879, 1897–1921 and 1962 to present. Long-term decadal drought variations of this reconstruction fitted quite close with the variations retained in drought sensitive tree-ring series of the nearby regions, and this demonstrated the new record was confidently reliable and could capture large-scale climate signals.
Fixation of the Medial Canthal Structures: Evolution of the Best Method

Bullets and shrapnel mangled the medial orbital walls of World War II servicemen so frequently that ophthalmic surgeons were stimulated to find a method that would firmly and symmetrically attach the medial canthal tendon to the medial orbital wall. In many casualties the shattered eye had necessarily been removed in an adjacent field hospital, and the lacerated skin wounds loosely sutured together. When these men finally reached our definitive repair hospital two or three months had elapsed, and the canthal structures were drawn laterally. Efforts to reattach the canthal structures to the periosteum or to the stump of the tendon in the medial orbital wall with either gut or silk sutures always ended in failure and redetachment. Then the tissues were so friable that an additional three or four months had to elapse before a tertiary surgical effort could be made. Repairing canthal detachments after orbital cicatrization presented a more formidable challenge than primary repair, when simply attaching the medial canthal stump to the proximal stump with strong absorbable sutures was almost uniformly successful.
Design of sliding mode control for a class of uncertain switched systems

This paper considers the problem of sliding mode control for a class of uncertain switched systems with parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. A key feature of the controlled system is that each subsystem is not required to share the same input channel, which was usually assumed in some existing works. By means of a weighted sum of the input matrix, a common sliding surface is designed in this work. It is shown that the reachability of the sliding surface can be ensured by the present sliding mode controller. Moreover, the sliding motion on the specified sliding surface is asymptotically stable under the proposed switching signal dependent on the state and time. Additionally, the above results are further extended to the case that the system states are unavailable. Both the sliding surface and sliding mode controller are designed by utilising state-observer. Finally, numerical simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the present method.
Predictors of subjective impairment after stroke: Influence of depression, gender and severity of stroke

Primary objective: The aim of this prospective study was to identify factors that are associated with stroke survivors’ own perception of their impairments in various domains. Research design: 104 patients were examined twice, both on admission to rehabilitation treatment and one year later. Methods and procedures: Multiple linear regression analyses were used: Gender, age, diagnosis, location, Barthel Index and depression served as predictor variables. The perceived impairments were established with the Patient Competency Rating. Main outcomes and results: Patients’ initial depression was identified as being the main predictor for perceived impairment. Gender differences were also found; men were seen to have suffered from a considerable increase in perceived impairment. Conclusions: Patients’ self-reports can be used as a valid measurement of their disabilities in various domains. The impact of depression and the gender differences indicate that rehabilitation should focus more strongly on interventions that promote emotional coping and reduce depressive symptoms.