Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Passive Aspect of Motivation: Insights from English Language Teachers’ Habitus

Digging into the history of motivation research, we deduced that, the investigations have targeted individuals’ performance as the overt indication of this invisible drive. Yet, it is hypothesized that there exists a variation of motivation which does not lead to a certain action and is only confined to one’s mental engagement with a concept or activity. To further explicate, we put forward a dual continuum model of motivation, under the term immersion, and named this so-far-hidden aspect as passive motivation, standing against active motivation. To provide empirical evidence, a total of 54 English language teachers were recruited and interviewed about the four proposed conditions of motivation (i.e., active motivation, active demotivation, passive motivation, and passive demotivation). The extracted themes revealed that teachers’ habitus may largely account for this lack of willingness and passivity. Analyzing the themes, we made reference to sensory motivation, which relies on sensory experiences as one of the major triggers of de/motivation.
An investigation into the impact/influence age has on the early specialisation of children in sport

The overall aim of this investigation was to examine the impact/influence of age in sport and early specialisation. Essentially, the objective was to see if there is a link between starting age in sport and the level of representation reached. The sample of subjects consisted of 126 pupils, 82 males and 44 females, aged 14-16 years old. The subjects attended three different grammar schools across Northern Ireland, from both rural and urban backgrounds. Individual questionnaires were completed by each of the subjects in order to collect information regarding their involvement in sport. The data collection found that subjects participated in a wide variety of sporting activities, ranging in starting ages and level of representation reached. The study revealed that there is no strong evidence or pattern to suggest that early specialisation is directly linked with reaching elite level representation in sport and that late specialisation can also lead subjects to reach elite level representation in their sport.
Post Qualitative Inquiry, the Refusal of Method, and the Risk of the New

This article is a slight revision of a keynote lecture presented at the 15th International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry in Illinois in 2019. It argues that to experiment and create the “new” in post qualitative, post humanist, and other “new” forms of inquiry invented for the 21st century, social science researchers may well need to refuse conventional humanist social science research methodologies created for the problems of previous centuries.
Teachers’ understandings of shyness: Psychosocial differentiation for student inclusion

Shyness is not a recognised special educational need, yet studies reveal that shy children underperform academically and present psychosocial vulnerabilities. We present a Norwegian study of elementary school teachers who have experience in working with shy children. Framed by a cultural– historical understanding that concepts are tools employed by teachers as they work on problems of practice, the study examined (i) how shyness is a concept allowing teachers to interpret behaviours of children and (ii) why they employ the concept and what demands were being addressed. Data were gathered through post-observation stimulated recall interviews with 8 teachers and three focus group sessions with 11 teachers. Seeing shyness as a tool for identifying the demands made by children regarded as shy, revealed sets of child behaviours which required two distinct forms of differentiation: (i) augmenting cognitive support with psychosocial feedback to help the child overcome the behaviours impeding their engagement as active learners and (ii) making extra efforts when eliciting children’s understandings in order to give formative feedback and support progress through pedagogic sequences. By identifying the behaviours underpinning broad descriptions of shyness, such as anxiety, the analyses show that teachers employ shyness as an overarching concept which reveals psychosocial demands that may not be entirely addressed by the repertoires of responses available to them.
"How to use it more?" Self-efficacy and its sources in the use of social media for knowledge sharing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate sources of self-efficacy for researchers and the sources’ impact on the researchers’ use of social media for knowledge sharing. It is a continuation of a larger study (Alshahrani and Rasmussen Pennington, 2018). Design/methodology/approach The authors distributed an online questionnaire to researchers at the University of Strathclyde (n=144) and analysed the responses using descriptive statistics. Findings Participants relied on personal mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion and emotional arousal for social media use. These elements of self-efficacy mostly led them to use it effectively, with a few exceptions. Research limitations/implications The convenience sample utilised for this study, which included academic staff, researchers and PhD students at one university, is small and may not be entirely representative of the larger population. Practical implications This study contributes to the existing literature on social media and knowledge sharing. It can help researchers understand how they can develop their self-efficacy and its sources in order to enhance their online professional presence. Additionally, academic institutions can use these results to inform how they can best encourage and support their researchers in improving their professional social media use. Originality/value Researchers do rely on their self-efficacy and its sources to use social media for knowledge sharing. These results can help researchers and their institutions eliminate barriers and improve online engagement with colleagues, students, the public and other relevant research stakeholders.
Measurement and Analysis of Ultra wideband Channel Coefficients through Crude Oils in a Multipath Environment

ABSTRACT A new application of K-NN was implemented to classify various substances using measured UWB channel complex coefficients. This study provides a low-cost system to detect different substances by applying a data mining technique to the collected frequency traces. Measurements of UWB channel coefficients were conducted for two types of crude oil and ocean water, independently contained within 5 and 10-l PVC containers. These containers were located as the device under test between directional transmitting and receiving ultra wideband antennas and were both connected via the Vector Network Analyser to measure their channel frequency responses over frequency bands of 300 MHz to 8 GHz. Magnitude differences were subsequently taken between the various baselines (empty PVC containers) and filled containers of the crude oil types (denoted A and B) or ocean water. Random noise was also subsequently added to this data to test the robustness of the classification method. After applying K-NN to the collected data it was found that our classification results were 100% for the sets of 5 l and 10-l crude oil samples but reduced to 56.66% and 60.66% when the random noise with standard deviations of one was added to the recorded data.
Influence of open innovation strategies on employment dynamics: evidence for Spanish manufacturing firms

ABSTRACT In this paper, we explore the influence of different modes of openness of innovative firms on employment growth. Using a panel database of Spanish manufacturing firms during the period 1998–2015, we analyze the influence open innovation (OI) strategies on employment distinguishing by type of external partner. The main objective of the research is to know whether opening innovation strategy contributes to employment taken into account another firm capabilities and sectorial technological opportunities. For this purpose, a two-step procedure is specified. Firstly, a random-effect computes the effects of OI on the innovation probability. In the second step, the variation of innovativeness due to openness on GMM-system estimation controlling by potential endogeneity and unobserved firm heterogeneity is used. The results support that the influence of open strategy on employment growth is positive. Moreover, the employment depends on the breadth of OI measured by the number of out-inbound relationships. Finally, the employment consequences are different for each mode of open strategy.
Profiles of appraisal, motivation, and coping for positive emotions

ABSTRACT We used a retrospective survey (N = 346) to model the patterns of appraisal, motivation, and coping that uniquely correspond with 12 positive emotions (affection/love, amusement, awe, challenge/determination, compassion, gratitude, happiness/joy, hope, interest, pride, relief, and serenity/tranquillity). Generally, we conceptually replicated previously demonstrated appraisal profiles of positive emotion while also examining how additional appraisals differentiate among positive emotions. We then uncovered the motivational goals and coping processes associated with each positive emotion. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research on positive emotion.
Determination of Fluoride Content of Selected Sachet Table Water Sold In Lafia Nasarawa State-Nigeria Using Potentiometric and Photometric Methods

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L as optimum level of fluorides in drinking water supplies to reduce the incidence of tooth decay, dental and skeletal fluorosis in man [1]. Concentrations higher than this can cause multidimensional health problems including mottling of teeth, dental and skeletal fluorosis and several neurological damages in severe cases [2]. Many epidemiological studies of possible adverse effects of the long-term ingestion of fluoride via drinking-water have been carried out. These studies clearly established that fluoride primarily produces effects on skeletal tissues (bones and teeth). Low concentrations provide protection against dental caries, especially in children [1]. The preand post-eruptive protective effects of fluoride (involving the incorporation of fluoride into the matrix of the tooth during its formation, the development of shallower tooth grooves, which are consequently less prone to decay, and surface contact with enamel) increase with concentration up to about 1.5 mg of fluoride per liter of drinking-water; the minimum concentration of fluoride in drinking-water required to produce it is approximately 0.5 mg/liter [1].
Corporate governance and risk disclosure quality: Tunisian evidence

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential influence of corporate governance mechanisms on risk disclosure quality in Tunisia.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examine 152 annual reports of Tunisian non-financial-listed firms during 2008–2013, and use the manual content analysis method to measure the risk disclosure quality.FindingsThe authors find that the quality of risk disclosure in Tunisian companies is relatively low, and also find that the quality of risk disclosure is positively associated with institutional ownership, board independence, the presence of women on the board, the presence of family members on the board and the independence of audit committee. Managerial ownership has a negative effect on risk disclosure quality. Finally, the authors find that the revolution decreases the influence of concentration ownership, government ownership, family ownership and audit committee size on risk disclosure quality.Originality/valueUsing a comprehensive set of corporate governance mechanisms and a new measure for risk disclosure quality in Tunisia, the authors provide the first empirical evidence on the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on risk disclosure quality in a developing country. The study has theoretical and practical implications for both developed and developing countries.
The Assessment and Intervention of Communication Repair Strategies in Primary School Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Who Are Minimally Verbal

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by marked deficits in communication and social skills in addition to restricted interests and repetitive behaviour. Children with ASD have also been reported to have significant deficits with respect to their ability to repair communication breakdowns. To date, assessments targeting communication repair strategies in children with ASD have been limited in number and lack consistency of implementation. For the current research, both an indirect and direct assessment have been developed to investigate the repair repertoires of primary school-aged children who were minimally verbal. Indirect assessments were conducted with each of the participant’s teachers, and the direct assessments were conducted by creating breakdown scenarios during a requesting routine and recording if and how the children attempted to repair the communication breakdown. Results show that children tended to rely on a singular repair strategy involving the repetition of their initial request. An intervention program was then developed and evaluated with two of the children. These children were taught to use an iPad®-based speech generating device to repair communication breakdowns that occurred when the children’s initial request was followed by receipt of the wrong item. The intervention was evaluated using a nonconcurrent multiple baseline experimental design. Each of the participants showed an increase in responding under specific communication breakdown conditions. While this research is quite preliminary, the data suggests that repair repertoires of children with ASD can be assessed via a structured, direct asses and improved with interventions based on the assessment results.
The Wisdom of the Crowd Versus the Wisdom in the Crowd: Testing the Effects of Aggregate User Representation, Valence, and Argument Strength on Attitude Formation in Online Reviews

Online review platforms display user-generated content that users rely on to form impressions of unfamiliar objects and experiences. Using the theoretical framework of majority and minority influence and the negativity effect, this research investigates the effects of the argument strength and the valence of review messages as well as their consistency with aggregated user representations on readers’ attitudes toward a review object. Results from an experiment demonstrate that review messages that are consistent with the aggregated rating are better at changing readers’ attitudes toward the review target than messages that are inconsistent with the overall rating. Moreover, argument strength is found to have a greater effect on readers’ attitudes toward the review object when the messages are negative than when they are positive. The results confirm and extend theories on the consensus effect as well as highlight a potential explanation for the negativity effect.
Corticostriatal Oscillations Predict High vs. Low Drinkers in a Rat Model of Limited Access Alcohol Consumption

Individuals differ in their vulnerability to develop alcohol dependence, which is determined by innate and environmental factors. The corticostriatal circuit is heavily involved in the development of alcohol dependence and may contain neural information regarding vulnerability to drink excessively. In the current experiment, we hypothesized that we could characterize high and low alcohol-drinking rats (HD and LD, respectively) based on corticostriatal oscillations and that these subgroups would differentially respond to corticostriatal brain stimulation. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 13) were trained to drink 10% alcohol in a limited access paradigm. In separate sessions, local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Based on training alcohol consumption levels, we classified rats using a median split as HD or LD. Then, using machine-learning, we built predictive models to classify rats as HD or LD by corticostriatal LFPs and compared the model performance from real data to the performance of models built on data permutations. Additionally, we explored the impact of NAcSh or mPFC stimulation on alcohol consumption in HD vs. LD. Corticostriatal LFPs were able to predict HD vs. LD group classification with greater accuracy than expected by chance (>80% accuracy). Moreover, NAcSh stimulation significantly reduced alcohol consumption in HD, but not LD (p < 0.05), while mPFC stimulation did not alter drinking behavior in either HD or LD (p > 0.05). These data collectively show that the corticostriatal circuit is differentially involved in regulating alcohol intake in HD vs. LD rats, and suggests that corticostriatal activity may have the potential to predict a vulnerability to develop alcohol dependence in a clinical population.
Social Class and Cosmopolitan Parenting in Taiwanese Families

Cosmopolitanism, or “being international,” has become an ideal to which parents aspire for their children in East Asia. The objective of this article is to investigate the meaning of cosmopolitanism among Taiwanese middle- and working-class parents, and to examine how they incorporate cosmopolitanism into their child-rearing practices. Using data from the longitudinal family interviews of 30 families in Taipei, Taiwan, in 2008 and follow-up interviews in 2015, I find three distinct modes of cosmopolitan parenting. They are banal cosmopolitanism among the working class, which emphasizes the consumption of foreign products; pragmatic cosmopolitanism among the old middle class, which focuses on language skills and other competencies for interacting with foreigners; and dedicated cosmopolitanism among new professionals, which emphasizes in-depth understanding of other peoples and cultures. These results offer novel insights into the transmission of class advantage across generations and inform debates concerning the complex process of cultural globalization and local class structure in postindustrial societies.
Employees’ evaluative repertoires of tourism and hospitality jobs

Purpose This paper aims to examine employees’ evaluative repertoires of tourism and hospitality jobs and segments them based on a set of job attribute preferences. Understanding the social–cultural underpinnings of employees’ job preferences is vital if employers are to overcome the challenging task of finding and retaining talented employees in the tourism and hospitality industry. Design/methodology/approach A discrete-choice experiment with waiters, barkeepers, cooks and front-desk employees working in the Tyrolean tourism industry was conducted. Employees were categorized into distinct segments using a hierarchical Bayesian analysis and a cluster analysis. Findings Results show that flexible working hours and the ability to balance professional and private aspirations are the most important job attributes for employees. Overall, the evaluative repertoires of the “green” and “domestic (family)” conventions are most prevalent. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to literature on talent management by providing insights into employees’ evaluations of jobs and their evaluative repertoires embedded in the broader social–cultural context. Practical implications Industry representatives and employers can adapt their recruiting and retention strategies based on employees’ job preferences. Social implications Adapting job attributes according to employees’ evaluative repertoires helps to ensure the long-term sustainability of the industry workforce. Originality/value Applying the Economics of Convention (EC) perspective, combining organizational job attributes and socially embedded evaluative repertoires provides a new approach to analysing and understanding employees’ job preferences.
An Exploratory Study on Determinants of Regular Group Indoor Cycling Participation in Black and White Adults

This study investigated factors influencing regular group indoor cycling (GIC) participation in a sample of Black (71%) and White (29%) adults. Seventeen regular GIC participants (≥1 day/week for ≥3 consecutive months) completed surveys that examined motivations for GIC participation. Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ), Preference for and Tolerance of Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire (PRETIE-Q), and open-ended survey questions were used. TSRQ showed autonomous motivation was significantly higher than controlled (p <.001) and amotivation (p < .001), with no significant difference between controlled and amotivation (p = .08). There was no significant interaction between motivation and race. There were no significant differences between race groups for PRETIE-Q. Five themes emerged as reasons for GIC participation: music, physical health, social support, studio atmosphere, and enjoyment/fun. Racial differences surfaced in the themes. More research is needed to understand the role of cultural relevance as it relates to exercise motivation and regular exercise participation. This could inform strategies for promoting regular exercise in various populations.
The Role of Emotions in Conflict Management: The Case of Work Teams

The current study aims to identify the factors underlying differing preferences for conflict‐management patterns within work teams. Two major antecedents of dispute resolution modes were examined: the team members' emotional reactions to and their perceptions of the type of conflicts encountered in their work group. The sample consisted of 69 medical teams, comprising 331 employees (nurses and physicians) employed in several medical organizations. Self‐report structured questionnaires were used to assess the research variables. A series of regression analyses showed that cooperative (integrating and compromising) patterns of conflict management were associated with positive intragroup emotional states; contentious (dominating) patterns were associated with positive as well as negative emotions; and an avoidance pattern was associated with negative emotions only. Additionally, negative emotions were found to mediate the association of relationship conflict with a dominating pattern of conflict management. The findings point to the centrality of emotional states in determining conflict management preferences at the intragroup level.
Is there an interlanguage intelligibility benefit in perception of English word stress?

This paper asks whether there is an ‘interlanguage intelligibility benefit’ in perception of word-stress, as has been reported for global sentence recognition. L1 English listeners, and L2 English listeners who are L1 speakers of Arabic dialects from Jordan and Egypt, performed a binary forced-choice identification task on English near-minimal pairs (such as[ˈɒbdʒɛkt] ~ [əbˈdʒɛkt]) produced by an L1 English speaker, and two L2 English speakers from Jordan and Egypt respectively. The results show an overall advantage for L1 English listeners, which replicates the findings of an earlier study for general sentence recognition, and which is also consistent with earlier findings that L1 listeners rely more on structural knowledge than on acoustic cues in stress perception. Non-target-like L2 productions of words with final stress (which are primarily cued in L1 production by vowel reduction in the initial unstressed syllable) were less accurately recognized by L1 English listeners than by L2 listeners, but there was no evidence of a generalized advantage for L2 listeners in response to other L2 stimuli.