Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on postoperative renal function in adults with normal renal function.

BACKGROUND Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can play a major role in the management of acute pain in the peri-operative period. However, there are conflicting views on whether NSAIDs are associated with adverse renal effects. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this review was to determine the effects of NSAIDs on postoperative renal function in adults with normal preoperative renal function. SEARCH STRATEGY Electronic searches for relevant randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and EMBASE were performed. Attempts were also made to identify trials from citation lists of relevant trials, review articles and clinical practice guidelines. Handsearching of conference abstracts published in major anaesthetic journals was also performed. (Search date: 7 February 2003) SELECTION CRITERIA The inclusion criteria were randomised or quasi-randomised comparisons of individual NSAIDs with either each other or placebo for treatment of postoperative pain, with relevant postoperative renal outcome measures, in adult surgical patients with normal renal function. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The data was extracted independently by two reviewers. The primary outcome measure was creatinine clearance within the first two days after surgery. Secondary outcome measures included serum creatinine, urine volume, urinary sodium level, urinary potassium level, fractional excretion of sodium, fractional excretion of potassium, need for dialysis and need for diuretic or dopamine treatment for renal insufficiency. Weighted mean differences for continuous outcomes and relative risk for dichotomous outcomes were estimated. MAIN RESULTS Nineteen trials ( n = 1204) fulfilled the selection criteria for this review. NSAIDs reduced creatinine clearance by 16 ml/min (95%CI 5 to 28) and potassium output by 38 mmol/day (95%CI 19 to 56) on the first day after surgery compared to placebo. There was no significant difference in serum creatinine on the first day (0 umol/L, 95%CI -5 to 4) compared to placebo. No significant reduction in urine volume during the early postoperative period was found. There was no significant difference in serum creatinine in the early postoperative period between patients receiving diclofenace and ketorolac (or indomethacin). No cases of postoperative renal failure requiring dialysis were described. The trials were homogeneous for the primary outcome. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS NSAIDs caused a clinically unimportant transient reduction in renal function in the early postoperative period in patients with normal preoperative renal function. NSAIDs should not be withheld from adults with normal preoperative renal function because of concerns about postoperative renal impairment.
Evaluation of an educational low back pain prevention program for hospital employees.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of an educational low back pain prevention program in a cohort of hospital employees. METHODS A cohort of 136 nonclerical hospital employees attended classes on safe postures and patient handling, then received advice by educators who observed them while they performed their typical workday tasks. Each of the subjects in this intervention group was matched on age, sex, and job category with a control. Musculoskeletal complaints and changes in habits during work and recreational activities were evaluated before the intervention (or the corresponding date in the control group) and after two years. RESULTS In the intervention group, 36% of subjects with low back pain at baseline were free of this symptom at follow-up, whereas only 26% were in the opposite situation. The proportion of subjects with low back pain episodes lasting longer than 30 days increased significantly from baseline to follow-up in the control group (from 30% to 49%) but not in the intervention group. The number of sick leaves longer than 30 days decreased significantly in the intervention group. Only 33% of the intervention group subjects felt the intervention had been helpful; this proportion varied across job categories. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that differences in job categories should be taken into account when designing educational programs for preventing low back pain. They also indicate that back school programs may be more effective in subjects with a history of low back pain, whereas instruction on safe postures and patient handling may be the best approach in subjects who have not previously experienced low back pain. Observing and providing advice to employees while they are performing their usual duties may be an essential component of low back pain prevention.
Hypnotic suggestion and the modulation of Stroop interference.

BACKGROUND Hypnosis has been used clinically for hundreds of years and is primarily a phenomenon involving attentive receptive concentration. Cognitive science has not fully exploited hypnosis and hypnotic suggestion as experimental tools. This study was designed to determine whether a hypnotic suggestion to hinder lexical processing could modulate the Stroop effect. METHODS Behavioral Stroop data were collected from 16 highly suggestible and 16 less suggestible subjects; both naturally vigilant and under posthypnotic suggestion. Subjects were urged to only attend to the ink color and to impede reading the stimuli under posthypnotic suggestion. RESULTS Whereas posthypnotic suggestion eliminated Stroop interference for highly suggestible subjects, less suggestible control subjects showed no significant reduction in the interference effect. CONCLUSIONS This outcome challenges the dominant view that word recognition is obligatory for proficient readers, and may provide insight into top-down influences of suggestion on cognition.
A self‐determination approach to the understanding of the impact of physical activity on depressive symptoms

The purpose was to test a new motivational sequence. It was hypothesized that more autonomous forms of motivation would predict the intensity of physical activity (PA), which in turn, would predict depressive symptoms. In order to evaluate self-determined motivation, the Self-Determination Index (SDI) was used. Because the reasons that can lead a person to engage in walking, moderate PA, or vigorous PA may be different, 3 independent self-determination indexes were measured (SDIWalking, SDIModerate, and SDIVigorous). It was also measured the metabolic equivalent of task values (METs) for walking, moderate, and vigorous PA, as well as the depressive symptoms. The sample consisted of 357 college students whose ages ranged from 18 to 29 years. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model. The indices of fit showed that the revised model fits the data reasonably well: S-Bχ2(11) = 14.83, p = . 190; χ2 /df = 1.35; *comparative fit index = . 99; *root mean square error of approximation = . 03, 90% CI [. 000, . 068]; standardised root mean square residual = . 03. It was found that vigorous PA is the only intensity that predicts depressive symptoms. In other words, SDIV-predicted vigorous PA (measured as METS V), which subsequently predicted less depressive symptoms (SDIV → METS V → Depressive symptoms). Further research should investigate the effects of vigorous PA on depressive symptoms.
Embryonic development of the heart. II. Formation of the epicardium.

The mature heart may be thought of as consisting of three layers, endocardium, myocardium, and an outer investing tissue called the epicardium. During early formation of the tubular heart of chick embryos, at about the 8-somite stage, two tissue layers become clearly discernible with the light microscope: the endocardium and the developing myocardial wall. The outer epicardial layer does not appear until later in development. It is generally accepted that embryonic heart wall or 'epimyocardium' is composed of muscle and undifferentiated cells. As its name implies, the epimyocardium is thought to give rise to myocardium and epicardium. Kurkiewicz (1909) suggested that the epicardium was not an epimyocardial derivative but rather is formed from cells originating in the sinus venosus region, which migrate over the surface of the heart. Nevertheless, it has become generally accepted that the outer cell layer of the embryonic heart wall differentiates in situ to give rise to the definitive visceral epicardium (Patten, 1953). For reviews, see Romanoff (1960) and DeHaan (1965). An earlier light and electron microscopic study of cardiogenesis in the chick demonstrated (Manasek, 1968) that by stage 12 - (15-somites) the heart wall was composed only of cells that contained myofibrils, and that no epicardial cells were present. It was suggested that the heart wall could not give rise to epicardium unless dedifferentiation occurred, thus supporting Kurkiewicz's (1909) observations. These findings also contradict Bruno's (1918) observations which suggested that epicardial differentiation began at the 13-somite stage. In the present study, the early epicardium was examined in greater detail, and its relationship to the developing myocardial wall was investigated. Techniques of light and electron microscopy were utilized to elucidate both the cytology of the developing epicardial cells and the histogenesis of this tissue.
A test of personalization of politics in Chile’s 2009 presidential election

Personalized politics entails a process where voters` preferences are no longer attached to the preferences of a certain political party. Individuals decide who they will vote for by assessing politicians’ appearance, personal characteristics and nonverbal behaviour instead of arguments and policy-issue standings. Moreover, this personalization is not exclusively related to voters but also dominates the behaviour of politicians and the media. In order to explore such phenomena in more detail, this article uses the 2009 presidential elections in Chile as a case study. A quantitative content analysis of candidates’ press coverage in three major newspapers was conducted in order to determine both the predominant themes behind this personalization trend and the actors causing this personalization. The findings showed clear evidence of a personalization of the political discourse that resulted from the interaction or transaction between voters´ perception of candidates’ personalities, the candidates´ self-reported traits, and how the news media emphasised these traits. Palabras clave: personalizacion; politica; medios de comunicacion; votantes; teoria de esquemas; proceso transaccional; Chile; eleccion presidencial. La personalizacion de la politica se entiende como un proceso donde las preferencias de los votantes se relacionan progresivamente con aspectos como la apariencia, caracteristicas personales y comportamiento no verbal de los candidatos, desplazando a un segundo plano la afiliacion partidaria de los mismos y el debate entorno a programas de gobierno o politicas publicas de relevancia. A objeto de explorar dicho fenomeno, este articulo utiliza como caso de estudio la eleccion presidencial 2009 en Chile. Junto con ello, y a modo de determinar las tematicas predominantes detras de dicha tendencia y los actores que la influencian, se condujo un analisis de contenido de la cobertura de los principales candidatos en los tres periodicos de mayor circulacion chilenos. Se encontro evidencia clara respecto de una personalizacion del discurso politico propiciado por una interaccion entre la percepcion que los votantes tienen de la personalidad de los candidatos, los rasgos que los mismos candidatos buscan enfatizar, y la formaen que los medios de comunicacion resaltan dichos atributos. Keywords: personalization; politics; media; voters; schema theory; transaction process; Chile; presidential election
Prescriptive medicine: the importance of preparing Canadian medical students to counsel patients toward physical activity.

BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is powerful for preventing and treating many chronic diseases. Physicians' own PA behaviors are correlated with their likelihood to counsel patients regarding PA. Medical students' PA-related attitudes and behaviors reflect what can be expected from our future physicians. METHODS A 27-item online survey was used to determine the percentage of Canadian medical students meeting the Canadian physical activity recommendations, and their self-reported perception of relevance and frequency of exercise counseling during patient encounters. We generated cross-tabulations with the independent covariates and our statistical comparison was based on the generalized estimating equation (GEE) algorithm to adjust for schools (clusters). RESULTS While 64% (969/1510) of medical students met the MVPA recommendation, only 25% discussed PA counseling with patients. Most (80% and 90%, respectfully) believed physicians should adhere to a healthy lifestyle to effectively encourage their patients to do so, and that their credibility increased if they stayed fit themselves. CONCLUSIONS Medical students are interested in and receptive to the importance of PA. However, not only is there improvement needed for the more than one-third of medical students who are insufficiently active themselves, but substantial change is needed regarding the vast majority of students' current counseling behaviors.
Elaborate transcription regulation of the Bacillus subtilis ilv‐leu operon involved in the biosynthesis of branched‐chain amino acids through global regulators of CcpA, CodY and TnrA

The Bacillus subtilis ilv‐leu operon involved in the biosynthesis of branched‐chain amino acids is under negative regulation mediated by TnrA and CodY, which recognize and bind to their respective cis‐elements located upstream of the ilv‐leu promoter. This operon is known to be under CcpA‐dependent positive regulation. We have currently identified a catabolite‐responsive element (cre) for this positive regulation (bases −96 to −82; +1 is the ilv‐leu transcription initiation base) by means of DNase I‐footprinting in vitro, and deletion and base‐substitution analyses of cre. Under nitrogen‐rich growth conditions in glucose‐minimal medium supplemented with glutamine and amino acids, CcpA and CodY exerted positive and negative regulation of ilv‐leu, respectively, but TnrA did not function. Moreover, CcpA and CodY were able to function without their counteracting regulation of each other, although the CcpA‐dependent positive regulation did not overcome the CodY‐dependent negative regulation. Furthermore, under nitrogen‐limited conditions in glucose‐minimal medium with glutamate as the sole nitrogen source, CcpA and TnrA exerted positive and negative regulation, respectively, but CodY did not function. This CcpA‐dependent positive regulation occurred without the TnrA‐dependent negative regulation. However, the TnrA‐dependent negative regulation did not occur without the CcpA‐dependent positive regulation, raising the possibility that this negative regulation might decrease the CcpA‐dependent positive regulation. The physiological role of this elaborate transcription regulation of the B. subtilis ilv‐leu operon in overall metabolic regulation in this organism is discussed.
On asymptotically flat solutions of Einstein's equations periodic in time: I. Vacuum and electrovacuum solutions

By an argument similar to that of Gibbons and Stewart (1984 Absence of asymptotically flat solutions of Einstein's equations which are periodic and empty near infinity Classical General Relativity (London, 1983) ed W Bonnor, J N Islam and M A H Callum (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) pp 77–94), but in a different coordinate system and less restrictive gauge, we show that any weakly asymptotically simple, analytic vacuum or electrovacuum solutions of the Einstein equations which are periodic in time are necessarily stationary.
Distribución de renta, crecimiento y convergencia regional en España

ESTA TESIS SE FUNDAMENTA EN EL CONTRASTE DE LA HIPOTESIS DE CONVERGENCIA REAL EN LAS REGIONES Y PROVINCIAS ESPANOLAS Y EN EL ESTUDIO DE LOS PRINCIPALES MECANISMOS DE CONVERGENCIA, CUANDO ESTA HA OPERADO. EL ANALISIS ESTADISTICO DE LOS DATOS, A TRAVES DE LA INTRODUCCION DE LA ECUACION "AMPLIADA" DE CONVERGENCIA "BETA" ESTIMADA CON DATOS DE PANEL, PERMITE VERIFICAR QUE LOS PIB PER CAPITA RELATIVOS DE LAS REGIONES Y PROVINCIAS ESPANOLAS SE PUEDEN CARACTERIZAR COMO VARIABLES ESTACIONARIAS QUE TIENDEN A ESTABILIZARSE EN TORNO A UNOS VALORES DE EQUILIBRIO, HABIENDOSE ALCANZADO ESTOS VALORES A PRIMEROS DE LOS ANOS OCHENTA. POR TANTO, LA CONCLUSION MAS RELEVANTE ES UN AGOTAMIENTO DE LA CONVERGENCIA REGIONAL EN ESPANA Y UN MANTENIMIENTO DE LAS DISPARIDADES REGIONALES. POR OTRO LADO, ENTRE LAS PRINCIPALES FUENTES DE CONVERGENCIA ESTA TESIS DESTACA LOS MOVIMIENTOS MIGRATORIOS Y LA HOMOGENEIZACION DE LAS ESTRUCTURAS PRODUCTIVAS. ADICIONALMENTE, SE MUESTRA QUE ESTOS MECANISMOS, MUY IMPORTANTE EN TERMINOS HISTORICOS, EN LA ACTUALIDAD YA NO SE ENCUENTRAN EN FUNCIONAMIENTO, REFORZANDOSE LA TESIS DEL AGOTAMIENTO DE LA CONVERGENCIA. ASIMISMO, SE EXAMINAN LOS FACTORES ECONOMICOS QUE HAN CONTRIBUIDO A LA INTERRUPCION DE LOS MOVIMIENTOS MIGRATORIOS INTERREGIONALES EN ESPANA.
Reconstruction of Traumatic Orbital Floor Fractures With Resorbable Mesh Plate

Various materials such as autogenous bone, cartilage and alloplastic implants have been used to reconstruct orbital floor fractures. A new material is needed because of disadvantages of nonresorbable alloplastic materials and difficulties in harvesting autogenous tissues. In this study safety and value of the use of resorbable mesh plate in the treatment of orbital floor fractures are discussed. Between 2002 and 2004 a total of 17 maxillofacial trauma patients complicated with orbital floor fractures were treated with resorbable mesh plate through subciliary or transconjunctival incisions. Pure blow-out fractures were determined in 6 patients and 11 patients had accompanying maxillofacial fractures. Resorbable plate was easily shaped to fit to the orbital floor by cutting with scissors. Patients were evaluated clinically and with computed tomography scans preoperatively and at 3-, 6- and 12-month intervals postoperatively. Twelve patients had preoperative enophthalmos. Two patients had diplopia that was corrected postoperatively. In all 17 cases there was no evidence of infection, diplopia and gaze restriction postoperatively. Scleral show appeared in three patients by the second postoperative week but resolved totally within 3 to 6 weeks except one patient. In this patient anterior displacement of mesh was evident which caused ectropion and enophthalmos and required re-operation. No any other mesh related problems were seen at 15 months mean follow-up time. The advantage of the resorbable mesh system in orbital floor fracture is the maintenance of orbital contents against herniation forces during the initial phase of healing and then complete resorption through natural processes after its support is no longer needed. Our experience represents that resorbable mesh is a safe and effective material for reconstruction of the selected, non-extensive orbital floor fractures.
Neurophysiological findings in the northern epilepsy syndrome

We describe the neurophysiological findings in the northern epilepsy syndrome (NES), an autosomal recessively inherited childhood onset epilepsy with associated mental deterioration. Sixty‐five EEGs of 18 patients (10 females and 8 males) from the age of 5 years to 52 years were analyzed. EEG showed relatively slight changes at the outbreak of epilepsy at the mean age of 6.6 years (range 5–10 years). Slowing of the background activity to 6–7 Hz theta activity, abundant diffuse or intermittent theta and delta activity and disappearance of sleep‐specific activity characterized the EEGs at puberty. The amount of diffuse delta and theta activity diminished in adulthood. Epileptiform findings were scanty. Spikes and sharp waves occurred in 43% of the recordings with varying localization, form and extent. Intermittent 2–4 Hz sharp and slow wave rhythm was seen in 32% of the recordings. Of the three ictal recordings, one showed a primarily generalized discharge pattern, while two were clearly asymmetric. Clonazepam was the most effective antiepileptic drug, and it also normalized the EEG when started in childhood or at the onset of puberty. Visual evoked potentials were abnormal in 44% and brainstem auditory evoked potentials in 35%. The neurophysiological findings suggest an extensive, probably multifocal degenerative brain process, which reaches its peak at puberty. Although the abnormal features of EEG often decreased in adulthood, the clinical course of NES showed slow progression throughout the lifetime.
A behavioral analysis of the organization of the parieto‐temporo‐preoccipital cortex

The experimental literature dealing with cortical mechanisms of complex behavior has been largely preoccupied with the frontal granular region. One recent writer (Halstead, ’47) has even ventured to call this sector, “the organ of civilization. ” Yet, if there is any characteristic which distinguishes man from even the highest primate, it is the possession of propositional language. The fact that lesions in the posterior areas of the brain result in aphasias and related disturbances demonstrates that these regions share in the mediation of human intelligent behavior. Research on the posterior part of the cortex has in most cases been undertaken either to provide controls for frontal ablations o r to study elementary sensory capacities. In the former type of study, lesions in the posterior regions have usually been found to produce little, if any, disturbance. There are several considerations, however, which make it necessary to reexamine the hypothesis of unique potency of the frontal lobes. Although great emphasis has been placed on the phylogenetic increase in the relative size of the frontal granular cortex, von Bonin (’41) points out that there is actually no significant difference in the relative size of the frontal lobes between man and chimpanzee, but that man’s mental superi-
Substrate dependent buffer‐layer assisted growth of nanoclusters

The role of the substrate on the morphology of nanometer size clusters fabricated by buffer layer assisted growth (BLAG) was studied using scanning tunneling microscopy. Clusters of Fe and Co were deposited on Ag(111), Cu(100), Rh(111), and Pt(111) surfaces using identical BLAG parameters, which are temperature, as well as metal and buffer layer coverage. Semi‐hemispherical clusters are found on Ag(111) and Cu(100), while flat monolayer high islands are observed on Rh(111) and Pt(111) due to complete wetting. The results of this study are in agreement with the common notion that BLAG is useful to deposit clusters of virtually any material on any substrate, however, the shape, size, and lateral distribution of the resulting clusters depend strongly on the substrate surface free energy and diffusion processes.
Sex-Linked Inheritance of Spatial Ability

Studies involving the inheritance of primary mental abilities in twins have generally shown that spatial ability appears to be the ability most influenced by hereditary factors (Thurstone, Thurstone, & Strandskov, 1955; Vandenberg, 1965). Stafford (1961), using the Identical Blocks Test as a measure of spatial visualization, demonstrated that a sex-linked recessive gene may be involved in the transmission of spatial abilities. The present study represented an attempt to replicate Stafford's earlier work, using a test which represented a reasonably pure measure of spatial visualization ability.