Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Kinetics of Cd2+ and Pb2+ Leaching from Fly Ash Geopolymers

This research is aimed to reveal the kinetics of Cd2+ and Pb2+ leaching from fly ash geopolymer as a promising and sustainable method to solve the problems of heavy metals contamination. The geopolymer was made by using fly ash of PT. IMPOMI in East Java, Indonesia and the ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 = 6.5, Solid/Liquid (S/L) = 3.59 and Na2SiO3/NaOH = 2.5. A solution of Cd (NO3)2 or Pb(NO3)2 were added at 1,000, 4,000, 8,000 or 16,000 ppm relative to the weight of fly ash. Compressive strength test of geopolymers was carried out at the end of day 7 after curing the geopolymer mixture at room temperature. Leaching tests for the kinetics and mechanisms studies were carried using TCLP method by immersing the resulted geopolymers into 0.01 M acetic acid solution. The ratio of geopolymer mass to the volume of acetic acid solution was 1:25. ICP-OES was used to measure the leached Cd2+ and Pb2+ while SEM-EDS was used to study the morphology and heavy metal distribution on the polished geopolymer cross section. It was found that the compressive strength of Cd2+ geopolymer was slightly higher than those of Pb2+-geopolymer. The strength of geopolymer decreased at higher concentration of heavy metal cations. The maximum strength (24.4 MPa) was shown by 4,000 ppm Cd2+ geopolymer while SEM-EDX images showed that Cd2+ and Pb2+ were distributed uniformly from the surface to the core of geopolymers. The leaching test reveals that more than 99.5 % of Cd2+ and Pb2+ were retained by geopolymer while in depth kinetics investigation of both Cd2+ and Pb2+ leaching shows that the leaching rate follows the first order rate law with two step leaching processes. The first originates from cations at the surface followed by cations from the bulk of geopolymer.
Breathers as Metastable States for the Discrete NLS equation

We study metastable motions in weakly damped Hamiltonian systems. These are believed to inhibit the transport of energy through Hamiltonian, or nearly Hamiltonian, systems with many degrees of freedom. We investigate this question in a very simple model in which the breather solutions that are thought to be responsible for the metastable states can be computed perturbatively to an arbitrary order. Then, using a modulation hypothesis, we derive estimates for the rate at which the system drifts along this manifold of periodic orbits and verify the optimality of our estimates numerically.
Online hatred of women in the Incels.me forum

This paper presents a study of the (now suspended) online discussion forum Incels.me and its users, involuntary celibates or incels, a virtual community of isolated men without a sexual life, who see women as the cause of their problems and often use the forum for misogynistic hate speech and other forms of incitement. Involuntary celibates have attracted media attention and concern, after a killing spree in April 2018 in Toronto, Canada. The aim of this study is to shed light on the group dynamics of the incel community, by applying mixed-methods quantitative and qualitative approaches to analyze how the users of the forum create in-group identity and how they construct major out-groups, particularly women. We investigate the vernacular used by incels, apply automatic profiling techniques to determine who they are, discuss the hate speech posted in the forum, and propose a Deep Learning system that is able to detect instances of misogyny, homophobia, and racism, with approximately 95% accuracy.
RISK-TAKING AND STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY: DO THEY CORRELATE?

The students’ speaking ability somehow depends on some psychological issues such as motivation, self-esteem, or risk-taking. This research aims at examining the correlation of students’ speaking skill especially with their level of risk-taking. The method used in this research is a quantitative research method with the correlational design. The Null hypothesis was “there is no correlation between Risk-taking and Speaking Ability”. The researchers used the speaking test and questionnaire about risk-taking as the instruments to gather the data. Before examining the correlation between those two variables, the normality test was conducted. The result showed that the data were in normal distribution so that the analysis was statistically continued using Pearson Product Moment. From the calculation, sig. 2-tailed of both risk-taking and speaking were 0.000 which was lower than the level of significance (0.05). It means that the Null hypothesis is rejected and the final result told that there is a correlation between Risk-Taking and Speaking Ability. While the Pearson correlation reached the point of 0.685 which means that the correlation between those two was large. Finally, we could conclude that risk-taking can be an issue to take into account choosing some methods of teaching speaking.
Local diagnoses in modal analysis through additional poles

Abstract The main scope of this article is to show how certain additional poles of a structural system, other than the classical ones, can be measured and considered within the area of structural dynamics such as for example damage detection and model updating; such poles can enrich the intrinsic modal database of the system and even be used to analyze the structure in a local sense. Such poles can be extracted by using certain response-based frequency response functions (R-FRFs) which do not require the measurement of exciting forces. Therefore, the objective of the present article is multiple because (i) the potential of certain FRFs is illustrated in the realm of structural dynamics along with the possibility to (ii) increase a privileged data-base (poles) through which (iii) local analyses of a structure can be carried out. Numerical simulations test the theoretical findings and show the ability of such additional poles to carry out local diagnoses on structural systems generally through a higher sensitivity than that of classical poles.
Vibration control of tubular mono-poles using a novel concrete-steel composite design

Transmission line and light mono-poles are susceptible to structural vibration resulting from wind loads. Vibration mitigation and strengthening of steel poles have been studied. More recently a composite steel-concrete monopole was developed to support higher loads while having smaller ground line dimensions. The pole features a thin-walled hollow steel tube partially filled with concrete near the base to provide stability to the thin-walled tube. However, the dynamic properties of the newly developed poles were never investigated. Also, no attempts were made to investigate the optimal amount of concrete filling, to enhance the response of the poles when subjected to dynamic wind loads. In this paper, a finite element-based analysis was conducted to calculate the natural frequencies and mode shapes of conventional hollow steel poles. Results were verified using available numerical and experimental data. The method was then employed to calculate the natural frequencies and mode shapes of steel poles partly filled with concrete. A parametric study of the effect of the concrete filling length was also performed and utilized to find the optimal length of concrete filling. The new optimized composite pole features natural frequencies higher than the inherited frequencies of typical wind loads to better control wind-induced vibrations.
The prevalence of synchronous self-citation practices at the institutional level

Self-citation behaviour of authors affiliated to an institution was studied through synchronous self-citation analysis. From 2004 through 2015, Web of Science and SciVerse Scopus databases indexed a total of 1503 articles by authors affiliated to a university in India. Self-citations were prevalent in 62.23 percent of works and significant difference is observed in self-citation pattern with regard to co-authorship, size of reference list, authors’ productivity, citation age, citation over time, and reputation of source publications. Statistically positive correlation is observed between number of co-authors and number of self-citations (p<.01). Inter-institutional collaborative works attract more self-citations than works of intra-institutional efforts (p<.01). Significant positive correlation exists between authors’ productivity and share of self-citations (p<.01). Regarding the currency of self-citations, authors tend to cite more of their recent works than the works of others. Articles published in Journal Citation Reports (JCR) indexed sources have more number of self-citations than articles published in JCR excluded sources (p<.01).
Effect of High‐Pressure Torsion on Hardness and Electrical Resistivity of Commercially Pure Cu

Commercially pure Cu is processed through high‐pressure torsion (HPT) at 6 GPa up to 50 turns and stored under the ambient condition for 21 months. Subsequently, microhardness and electrical resistivity of the Cu samples are measured and correlated with the microstructure. Grain size monotonically decreases with the number of HPT turns and becomes saturated at ≈300 nm after an equivalent strain of ≈40. Considerable fractions of low‐angle grain and twin boundaries are observed in the samples processed through HPT to low strains; however, their fractions decrease with increasing HPT turns. Consistently, although the hardness of the processed samples is greater than that of the annealed coarse‐grained sample, it first decreases with HPT straining and subsequently increases to a saturated value of ≈160 HV. In contrast, the electrical resistivity of Cu first increases with HPT processing, then decreases and finally becomes saturated at a value of ≈22 nΩ m, which is slightly higher than the least value obtained in this study. The obtained results are compared with the literature on HPT processing of Cu, and the usefulness of the ambient ageing for optimizing the hardness‐conductivity relationship is discussed.
Characterisation of NiTi Orthodontic Archwires Surface after the Simulation of Mechanical Loading in CACO2-2 Cell Culture

Nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwires are crucial in the initial stages of orthodontic therapy when the movement of teeth and deflection of the archwire are the largest. Their great mechanical properties come with their main disadvantage—the leakage of nickel. Various in vitro studies measured nickel leakage from archwires that were only immersed in the medium with little or minimal simulation of all stress and deflection forces that affect them. This study aims to overcome that by simulating deflection forces that those archwires are exposed to inside the mouth of a patient. NiTi orthodontic archwires were immersed in CACO2-2 cell culture medium and then immediately loaded while using a simulator of multiaxial stress for 24 h. After the experiment, the surface of the NiTi orthodontic archwires were analysed while using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The observations showed significant microstructural and compositional changes within the first 51 nm thickness of the archwire surface. Furthermore, the released nickel and titanium concentrations in the CACO2-2 cell culture medium were measured while using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). It was found out that the level of released nickel ions was 1.310 µg/L, which can be assigned as statistically significant results. These data represent the first mention of the already detectable release of Ni ions after 24 h during the simulation of mechanical loading in the CACO2-2 cell culture medium, which is important for clinical orthodontic praxis.
Laser Shock Peening: Toward the Use of Pliable Solid Polymers for Confinement

This paper presents the first extensive study of the performances of solid polymers used as confinement materials for laser shock applications such as laser shock peening (LSP) as opposed to the exclusively used water-confined regime up to now. The use of this new confinement approach allows the treatment of metal pieces needing fatigue behavior enhancement but located in areas which are sensitive to water. Accurate pressure determination in the polymer confinement regime was performed by coupling finite element simulation and experimental measurements of rear free-surface velocity using the velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR). Pressure could reach 7.6 and 4.6 GPa for acrylate-based polymer and cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), respectively. At 7 and 4.7 GW/cm 2 , respectively, detrimental laser breakdown limited pressure for acrylate and PDMS. These results show that the pressures produced were also as high as in water confinement, attaining values allowing the treatment of all types of metals with LSP and laying the groundwork for future determination of the fatigue behavior exhibited by this type of treated materials.
Effect of Sintering Temperature on Crystal Structure and Surface Morphology of NdFeO3 Oxide Alloy Materials Prepared by Solid Reaction Method

This research is aimed to study the effect of sintering temperature on crystalline structure and surface morphology of NdFeO3 oxide alloy materials. NdFeO3 was synthesized by solid state reaction method with mixing of 99.9% Nd2O3 and 99.9% Fe2O3 as precursors. Three samples with different process were made in this experiment. The 1st (#1) and 2nd (#2) samples were sintered for 84 hours at 950°C and 600°C. Calcination procces was carried out at 950°C for 50 hours. The 3rd (#3) sample was sintered for 84 hours at 600°C without calcination process. The samples were characterized by using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). Based on the SEM characterization result, it was obtained that the sintering temperature influence on surface morphology of NdFeO3 grain size. The XRD analyze was obtained FWHM (Full Width at Half Maximum) value of sample #1, #2 and #3 are 0.11°, 0.10°, and 0.31°, respectively. The value of FWHM was associated with the peak at 2Θ of 32.53° for all sample, it is indicated of hkl (121). Further calculation based on crystallography data was carried out by rietveld method with rietica software and the best quality will be applied as a gas sensor materials.
Intrinsic frames of reference in spatial memory

Three experiments investigated the frames of reference used in memory to represent the spatial structure of the environment. Participants learned the locations of objects in a room according to an intrinsic axis of the configuration; the axis was different from or the same as their viewing perspective. Judgments of relative direction using memory were most accurate for imagined headings parallel to the intrinsic axis, even when it differed from the viewing perspective, and there was no cost to learning the layout according to a nonegocentric axis. When the shape of the layout was bilaterally symmetric relative to the intrinsic axis of learning, novel headings orthogonal to that axis were retrieved more accurately than were other novel headings. These results indicate that spatial memories are defined with respect to intrinsic frames of reference, which are selected on the basis of egocentric experience and environmental cues.
Investigation of Variations in Corrosion Potential in Mechanically Stabilized Earth Backfill Due to Migration of Fines

iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF FIGURES . viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 EFFECT OF RESISTIVITY ON CORROSION POTENTIAL: ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY . 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 5 2.1 MSE WALLS . 5 2.2 INTERNAL EROSION VIA SUFFUSION . 6 2.3 CORROSION AND DEGRADATION OF THE AGGREGATE REINFORCEMENT . 7 2.4 GALVANIZED STEEL REINFORCEMENT CORROSION . 8 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH SCOPE . 10 3.1 MATERIALS USED . 10 3.2 LAB TESTS . 10 3.2.1 The New ASTM Aggregate Electrical Resistivity Test . 11 CHAPTER 4: TEST RESULTS . 21 4.1 GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND MOISTURE CONTENT . 22 4.1.1 Test 1 Material . 22 4.1. 2 Test 2 Material . 23 4.1. 3 Test 3 Material . 25 4.1. 4 Test 4 Material . 27 4.1. 5 Test 5 Material . 29 4.2 ASTM (NEMA BOX) RESISTIVITY . 31 4.2.1 Test 1 Material . 32 4.2.2 Test 2 Material . 33 4.2.3 Test 3 Material . 34 4.2.4 Test 4 Material . 36 4.3 SUFFUSION BOX RESISTIVITY . 39 4.3.1 Test 1 Material . 40 4.3.2 Test 2 Material . 42 vi 4.3. 3 Test 3 Material . 44 4.3. 4 Test 4 Material . 46 4.3. 5 Test 5 Material . 47 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION . 50 5.1 GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND MOISTURE CONTENT . 50 5.2 SUFFUSION . 53 5.3 NEMA BOX RESISTIVITY. 54 5.4 SUFFUSION BOX RESISTIVITY . 55 5.4.1 Finite Difference Modeling for Development of Resistivity Correction Factors . 59 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 72 6.1 CONCLUSIONS . 72 6.1.1 Gradation and Specifications . 72 6.1. 2 Moisture Content and Grain Size Distribution for Suffusion Box . 72 6.1. 3 New ASTM CXXX-XX with the NEMA Box . 73 6.1. 4 Suffusion Box . 73 6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS . 75 REFERENCES . 77
Self-Motivation for Academic Attainment: The Role of Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Personal Goal Setting

The causal role of students’ self-efficacy beliefs and academic goals in self-motivated academic attainment was studied using path analysis procedures. Parental goal setting and students’ self-efficacy and personal goals at the beginning of the semester served as predictors of students’ final course grades in social studies. In addition, their grades in a prior course in social studies were included in the analyses. A path model of four self-motivation variables and prior grades predicted students ‘final grades in social studies, R = . 56. Students’ beliefs in their efficacy for self-regulated learning affected their perceived self-efficacy for academic achievement, which in turn influenced the academic goals they set for themselves and their final academic achievement. Students’ prior grades were predictive of their parents’ grade goals for them, which in turn were linked to the grade goals students set for themselves. These findings were interpreted in terms of the social cognitive theory of academic self-motivation.
Comparison of Bromelain Enzyme, Sodium Hypochlorite, and Titanium Tetrafluoride on Shear Bond Strength of Restorative Composite to Dentin: An in vitro Study

Statement of the Problem: Sufficient bond strength of composite restoration leads to its durability and survival; therefore, preparation of dentin surface for higher bond strength is essential. Purpose: Our aim is to assess the deproteinizing effect of 3% bromelain enzyme and compare it to 4% titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) and 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) regarding the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin to dentin. Materials and Method: In this experimental study, 40 intact extracted human maxillary premolars were selected, and the occlusal surfaces of the teeth were sectioned at a depth of 2 mm from dentinoenamel junction. The teeth were divided into 4 groups (n=10). In Group 1, the teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel. In Group 2, the teeth were etched and deproteinized with 5% NaOCl. In Group 3, the teeth were etched and deproteinized with 4% TiF4. In Group 4, the teeth were etched and deproteinized with 3% bromelain enzyme. In each specimen, composites with 3 mm diameter and 2 mm height were prepared and cured. The test specimens were then stored in distilled water at room temperature for 7 days before conducting the SBS test (MPa). By universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, the results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: One-way ANOVA test demonstrated that pretreatment of dentin with a bromelain enzyme, TiF4 solution, or NaOCl was not statistically different regarding SBS to dentin (p= 0.790). Conclusion: 3% bromelain enzyme can be as effective as TiF4 and NaOCl and phosphoric acid 37% in terms of the SBS of composite resin to dentin.
Effects of integrated instruction on motivation and strategy use in reading.

Effects of instructional context on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation have been examined with a variety of studies. This quasi experiment compared students receiving an instructional intervention designed to increase intrinsic motivation with students receiving traditional instruction. Concept-oriented reading instruction (CORI) integrated reading and language arts with science inquiry. It emphasized learning goals, real-world interaction (hands-on science activities), competence support (strategy instruction), autonomy support (self-directed learning), and collaboration. Traditional classrooms had the same content objectives and comparable teachers but different pedagogy. Children in CORI classrooms scored higher on motivation than did children in traditional classrooms, with effect sizes of 1.94 for curiosity and 1.71 for strategy use. Grade-level differences were found for recognition and competition. The results show that classroom contexts can be constructed to influence motivational outcomes positively. In the present study, we focused on ways that intrinsic reading motivation can be enhanced through the implementation of a reading instructional program. Researchers have distinguished between intrinsic motivation, which refers to being motivated to do an activity for its own sake and out of interest and curiosity, and extrinsic motivation, or doing an activity to receive a reward or other form of recognition (Deci & Ryan, 1985; Deci, VaUerand, Pelletier, & Ryan, 1991). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are
Immobilized carbon-doped TiO2 in polyamide fibers for the degradation of methylene blue

ABSTRACT The discharge of dyes in the textile industry leads to several hazardous effects on the environment. One of the most effective methods on treating dye-contaminated wastewater is photocatalytic degradation. TiO2 has been widely used as a photocatalyst for wastewater treatment. Since the light absorption of TiO2 is in the UV light range, however, doping of TiO2 with a non-metal or metal element is needed to improve its absorption in the visible light range. In this study, TiO2 photocatalyst was doped with carbon using sucrose as a carbon+e at ratios of 0.75:1 and 1:1. The surface area of TiO2 after doping with carbon improved to two times the TiO2 surface area. Additionally, the band gap energy of TiO2 was successfully reduced to 2.38 eV after doping with carbon. In order to avoid the secondary pollutant problems, the carbon-doped TiO2 was then immobilized with polyamide fibers at 1wt%, 2wt% and 3wt% to facilitate recollection of the photocatalyst. A photodegradation test was performed by degrading methylene blue under visible light irradiation using 70W halogen lamps with a total of 5 hours of time interval readings. The highest percentage degradation was recorded at 82.67% using immobilized 2wt% 1:1 carbon-doped TiO2 in polyamide fibers. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT