Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DNA Aided Introgression of Opaque-2 Allele for Development of Quality Protein Maize

To improve the nutritional quality of maize, introgression of the opaque-2 (o2) trait to normal maize lines is essential. The QPM donors used in present study were; CML 161, DMR QPM 58, CML 176 and CML 141 whereas, normal maize inbreds were CM 212, V338, V361, V336, V341, V351, CM141 and V335. All the selected lines were subjected to parental polymorphism survey between non QPM and QPM lines using CIMMYT based three SSR primers viz., phi057, umc1066 and phi112. Two markers viz., phi 057 and umc1066 exhibited co-dominant reaction while phi 112 was dominant in nature. Finally two combinations CM141 × CML 176 and V335 × CML 161 were considered for conversion programme. Foreground selection was exercised using opaque-2 specific marker umc1066 in BC1 and BC2 generations while background as well as foreground selection was exercised in BC2F1 generation to recover the genome of recurrent parent up to extent of 82.5 to 98.5 percent with the help of 98 SSR markers distributed across the genome. The tryptophan concentration in endosperm protein was significantly enhanced in all the three classes of kernel modification viz., less than 25%, 25-50% and more than 50% opaqueness. So, the converted maize lines had almost twice the amount of Lysine and Tryptophan than normal maize inbreds.
Effects of Heterogeneity and Homophily on Cooperation

The article provides a micro-behavioral model and an experimental design to understand the effect of heterogeneity in social identities on cooperation while accounting for endogenous sorting. Social identity is induced exogenously using the minimal group paradigm. The experiment manipulates sorting with three treatments: having subjects interact with both in- and outgroup members, giving them the choice to interact either with ingroup or outgroup members, and isolating the groups from the outset. Cooperation is measured by the Prisoner’s Dilemma Games at the dyadic level and by Public Goods Games at the tetradic level. The results show that heterogeneity hampers between-group cooperation at the dyadic level. In addition, endogenous sorting mitigates this negative effect of heterogeneity on cooperation. Heterogeneity hampers cooperation at the tetradic level most substantially if there is a commonly known negative history between groups.
Managing human assets in an uncertain world: applying real options theory to HRM

While many authors have proposed a firm's human resources as an asset that can provide value and competitive advantage, the SHRM field has tended to ignore the fact that assets have associated uncertainties and risks. The real options view provides a theoretical framework for how firms manage uncertainties associated with investments in real assets. We apply this logic to analyse the uncertainties associated with human assets and discuss how firms manage these uncertainties through HR ‘options’ which are capabilities generated by some HR practices and their combinations. We discuss these practices and develop an options model for managing different types of uncertainties.
Impact of Air Pollution on Vitamin D Status and Related Health Consequences

During the last decade a growing interest in vitamin D-related problems can be observed and a few thousands of scientific publications are dedicated to this task every year. The alarming statistical data regarding propagation of vitamin D deficiency in all continents and our developing knowledge about novel, non-calcemic actions of vitamin D seem to be two main causes of this phenomenon. Indeed, recent epidemiological studies suggest that worldwide prevalence of inadequate vitamin D status is higher than expected, however it may result from different factors, including geographical location and cultural background. Since vitamin D skin synthesis, which takes place under the influence of the sun’s ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, covers as much as 90% of total body needs, inadequate radiation or insufficient cutaneous absorption of UVB are regarded as major causes of vitamin D deficiency. Air pollution is a chief factor determining the extent of solar UVB that reaches earth surface and several epidemiological data, which represents different populations living in different geographic latitudes, indicate that atmospheric pollution (especially high tropospheric ozone content) may play a significant independent role in the development of vitamin D deficiency. As a result prevalence of D hypovitaminosis among urban residents can be more than twice higher than that of rural inhabitants. The problem of vitamin D insufficiency has been underestimated for many years and it has been predominantly associated only with bone diseases. Discovery of vitamin D receptor and its identification in a wide number of tissues other than bones led to the designation of novel, so-called “non-calcemic” (e.g. antiproliferative and immunomodulatory), actions of cholecalciferol. Subsequently, there is a growing number of diseases and conditions, development and/or progression of which can be associated with inadequate vitamin D status, including different types of cancers, autoimmune disorders as well as cardiovascular events. Interestingly, prevalence of many of these diseases also positively correlates with the intensity of air pollution. Therefore one can conclude that with the increasing atmospheric pollution grows a number of people in the world who are vitamin D deficient or insufficient and indirectly exposed to several poor health outcomes. This chapter gives an overview of the literature on this topic and assesses the available data about the association between air pollution, vitamin D status and prevalence of so-called civilization-related diseases. A general information regarding vitamin D metabolism is
Product Market Competition and Industry Returns

This paper shows that product market competition has two opposing effects on asset returns. The first relates to the procyclical nature of the value destruction from expansion of competitors, which lowers exposure to systematic risk in more competitive industries. The second is related to the narrower profit margins due to competition, which increase exposure to systematic risk. We find that the first effect dominates the second, so that firms in more competitive industries generally earn lower asset returns. Our results are robust to using five alternative measures of competition and to controlling for the sample selection bias of publiclylisted firms.
Performance , Metabolic and Oxidant / Antioxidant Response Were Improved By Hyperbaric Oxygen in High Performance Runners

Background: There are no studies that evaluate the effects of an hyperbaric session (HBO) on the athletes of different performance levels. Methods: 34 endurance runners were divided into 2 groups: experimental (HBO session, n=22) and control (without HBO session, n=12). Two scaled tests (5x2000m) were carried out, one 4 days before an HBO session and the 45 minutes after (2.5 ATA, 75 minutes). The metabolic, hematological and oxidant/antioxidant responses were determined before and after this session. Results: A significant increase in the anaerobic threshold (AT, 4mmol/l lactate) and maximum test velocity was observed only in the experimental group. The high performance runners showed a greater increase of AT and decrease of glucose, lactate, triglycerides, TBARS and GPx activity during the HBO session, compared with low performance runners. Urea significantly decreased in both groups. Conclusions: One HBO session showed a greater improvement in the performance as well as metabolic and oxidant/antioxidant response in high performance runners. Keywordshyperbaric oxygen, performance, anaerobic threshold, marathon, oxidative stress.
Optical and Radio Variability of BL Lacertae

We observed the prototype blazar, BL Lacertae, extensively in optical and radio bands during an active phase in the period 2010--2013 when the source showed several prominent outbursts. We searched for possible correlations and time lags between the optical and radio band flux variations using multifrequency data to learn about the mechanisms producing variability. During an active phase of BL Lacertae, we searched for possible correlations and time lags between multifrequency light curves of several optical and radio bands. We tried to estimate any possible variability timescales and inter-band lags in these bands. We performed optical observations in B, V, R and I bands from seven telescopes in Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece and India and obtained radio data at 36.8, 22.2, 14.5, 8 and 4.8 GHz frequencies from three telescopes in Ukraine, Finland and USA. Significant cross-correlations between optical and radio bands are found in our observations with a delay of cm-fluxes with respect to optical ones of ~250 days. The optical and radio light curves do not show any significant timescales of variability. BL Lacertae showed many optical 'mini-flares' on short time-scales. Variations on longer term timescales are mildly chromatic with superposition of many strong optical outbursts. In radio bands, the amplitude of variability is frequency dependent. Flux variations at higher radio frequencies lead the lower frequencies by days or weeks. The optical variations are consistent with being dominated by a geometric scenario where a region of emitting plasma moves along a helical path in a relativistic jet. The frequency dependence of the variability amplitude supports an origin of the observed variations intrinsic to the source.
Selection of Best ARIMA Model for Forecasting Average Daily Share Price Index of Pharmaceutical Companies in Bangladesh: A Case Study on Square Pharmaceutical Ltd.

This work is an attempt to examine empirically the best ARIMA model for forecasting. Average daily share price indices of the data series of Square Pharmaceuticals Limited (SPL) have been used for this purpose. At first the stationarity condition of the data series are observed by ACF and PACF plots, then checked using the Statistics such as Ljung-Box-Pierce Q-statistic and Dickey-Fuller test statistic. It has been found that the average daily share price indices of the data series of Square Pharmaceuticals Limited (SPL) are non-stationary. The average daily share price indices of SPL data series are non-stationary even after log-transformation. But after taking first difference of logarithmic values of SPL data series, the same types of plots and the same types of statistics show that the data is stationary. The best ARIMA model have been selected by using the criteria such as AIC, AICc, SIC, AME, RMSE and MAPE etc. To select the best ARIMA model the data split into two periods, viz. estimation period and validation period. The model for which the values of criteria are smallest is considered as the best model. Hence, ARIMA (2, 1, and 2) is found as the best model for forecasting the SPL data series. Then, forecasts of the data have been made using selected type of ARIMA model. Finally, the values of ADSPI of SPL up to February 2012 are predicted and reported in the study.
Dopant Site Occupancy and Chemical Expansion in Rare Earth‐Doped Barium Zirconate

Rare earth-doped BaZrO3 is a very attractive material in electrochemical applications due to its proton conductive property. In this work, powder X-ray diffraction patterns of BaZr0.8M0. 2O3−δ (M = Sc, Eu, Sm, Dy) were collected using synchrotron radiation, and also using characteristic X-ray of CuKα in dry and wet atmospheres at high temperature. Then, a combined interpretation of the diffraction patterns was established by using Rietveld refinement. The results revealed that an obvious lattice expansion was observed for BaZr0.8M0. 2O3−δ (M = Sc, Eu, Sm, Dy) in wet O2 compared with the case in dry condition, indicating a chemical expansion effect on lattice volume by incorporating water into lattice. Eu, Sm, and Dy cations occupied both A- and B-sites of BaZrO3 crystalline lattice, whereas Sc cations were determined to occupy B-site only. These results indicate clearly an increasing tendency toward A-site occupation for the rare earth cations in BaZrO3 with an increasing radius.
The Morphology of the Outflow in the Grazing Envelope Evolution

We study the grazing envelope evolution (GEE), where a secondary star, which orbits the surface of a giant star, accretes mass from the giant envelope and launches jets. We conduct simulations of the GEE with different half-opening angles and velocities, and simulate the onset phase and the spiralling-in phase. We discuss the resulting envelope structure and the outflow geometry. We find in the simulations of the onset phase with narrow jets that a large fraction of the ejected mass outflows along the polar directions. The mass ejected at these directions has the fastest velocity and the highest angular momentum magnitude. In the simulations of the spiralling-in phase, a large fraction of the ejected mass concentrates around the orbital plane. According to our findings, the outflow with the highest velocity is closer to the poles as we launch narrower jets. The outflow has a toroidal shape accompanied by two faster rings, one ring at each side of the equatorial plane. The interaction of the jets with the giant envelope causes these outflow structures, as we do not include in our simulations the secondary star gravity and the envelope self-gravity.
Herschel : the first science highlights Special feature L etter to the E ditor Mapping the column density and dust temperature structure of IRDCs with Herschel

Infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) are cold and dense reservoirs of gas potentially available to form stars. Many of these clouds are likely to be pristine structures representing the initial conditions for star formation. The study presented here aims to construct and analyze accurate column density and dust temperature maps of IRDCs by using the first Herschel data from the Hi-GAL galactic plane survey. These fundamental quantities, are essential for understanding processes such as fragmentation in the early stages of the formation of stars in molecular clouds. We have developed a simple pixel-by-pixel SED fitting method, which accounts for the background emission. By fitting a grey-body function at each position, we recover the spatial variations in both the dust column density and temperature within the IRDCs. This method is applied to a sample of 22 IRDCs exhibiting a range of angular sizes and peak column densities. Our analysis shows that the dust temperature decreases significantly within IRDCs, from background temperatures of 20–30 K to minimum temperatures of 8–15 K within the clouds, showing that dense molecular clouds are not isothermal. Temperature gradients have most likely an important impact on the fragmentation of IRDCs. Local temperature minima are strongly correlated with column density peaks, which in a few cases reach NH2 = 1 × 1023 cm−2, identifying these clouds as candidate massive prestellar cores. Applying this technique to the full Hi-GAL data set will provide important constraints on the fragmentation and thermal properties of IRDCs, and help identify hundreds of massive prestellar core candidates.
The Politics, Practice and Paradox of ‘Ethnic Security’ in Bosnia-Herzegovina

The international intervention in Bosnia-Herzegovina was intended to support conflict resolution by introducing territorial self-government and power sharing as the foundation for a governance framework that would provide for collective and individual security alignment over time. Instead, it has contributed to the ethnification of security whereby collective security in the form of an ‘ethnified state’ remains at the forefront of political discourse and practice. Social acceptance of this ethnified state as the guarantor of security—despite the fading reality of the ethnic threat in public perceptions of post-war insecurity—has been actively manufactured by the country’s ethnic elites using the very institutional means put in place by the international intervention. The result is an ‘ethnic security paradox’ in which the idea of individual safety—linked to the protection of ethnic identity in the form of an ethnified state—unsettles both collective and individual security alike.
Restaurant Profitability Management

While the term restaurant revenue management was defined in this journal in 1998, the history of publications in the Cornell Hospitality Quarterly (CHQ) related to managing restaurant profitability spans nearly fifty years. Of the 160 published articles related to restaurant profitability, more than one-quarter have appeared in the CHQ, which is more than three times that of any other journal. This article presents a new, decision-based framework for restaurant profitability, which expands on the earlier revenue-focused framework. The existing CHQ articles are categorized using the framework, and the gaps are used as the basis for identifying a large number of worthwhile, but as yet unanswered research questions related to restaurant profitability.
The Annual-Cycle Modulation of Meridional Asymmetry in ENSO's Atmospheric Response and Its Dependence on ENSO Zonal Structure

Previous studies documented that a distinct southward shift of central Pacific low-level wind anomalies occurringduringtheENSOdecayingphaseiscausedbyaninteractionbetweenthewesternPacificannualcycleand El Nino‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability. The present study finds that the meridional movement of the central Pacificwindanomalies appears only duringtraditional eastern Pacific El Nino (EP El Nino)eventsrather than in central Pacific El Nino (CP El Nino) events in which sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are confined to the central Pacific. The zonal structure of ENSO-related SST anomalies therefore has an important effectonmeridionalasymmetryintheassociatedatmosphericresponseanditsmodulationbytheannualcycle.In contrasttoEPElNinoevents,theSSTanomaliesofCPElNinoeventsextendfartherwesttowardthewarmpool regionwithitsclimatological warmSSTs.Inthewarmpool region,relativelysmallSSTanomaliesarethusable to excite convection anomalies on both sides of the equator, even with a meridionally asymmetric SST background state. Therefore, almost meridionally symmetric precipitation and wind anomalies are observed over the central Pacific during the decaying phase of CP El Nino events. The SST anomaly pattern of La Nina events is similar to CP El Nino events with a reversed sign. Accordingly, no distinct southward displacement of the atmospheric response occurs over the central Pacific during the La Nina decaying phase. These results have important implications for ENSO climate impacts over East Asia, since the anomalous low-level anticyclone over the western North Pacific is an integral part of the annual cycle‐modulated ENSO response.
Stock Split Policy on Signal and Liquidity Motive with Implications to Retail Investor

Indonesian society who participates in the capital market is still low. The purpose of study specifically to determine signaling hypothesis validity and trading range, which expected with a positive reaction from a market to stock split action can increasing investor base who participating in the capital market, thus increasing community who turned on Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) which in turn will increase the role of capital market in Indonesia in order to expand financial access for community this is in line with financial inclusion program. This study uses data 25 companies stock which stock split with event window during 11 days that are 5 days before and 5 days after stock split that occurred during 2007-2012 in IDX. The method used in this study were using paired sample T-test. Changes on the trading volume activity show more liquid stocks, as well as an increase in bid-ask spreads (proxy from retail investors increased) after stock split event proved that stock split policy can expand retail investor base.
Towards an Assessment Tool for Controlling Functional Changes in Scrum Process

Unlike the old development process models, agile provides flexible methods adapted to requirements change. Although, agile methods such as Scrum are widely used today, an important number of agile projects end up in failure. This is due mainly to inaccurate estimates of time and lack of a structured change control process. However, tracking and controlling changes is important for a better project control. The main objective of this paper is to propose a tool for change controlling in scrum process. For this purpose, we use the COSMIC Functional Size Measurement method for a precise quantification and rapid evaluation of a change request. Reporting, tracking, and controlling the change status per project at different levels of details will certainly help in future projects management.
Determination of structure tilting in magnetized plasmas—Time delay estimation in two dimensions

Time delay estimation (TDE) is a well-known technique to investigate poloidal flows in fusion plasmas. The present work is an extension of the earlier works of Bencze and Zoletnik [Phys. Plasmas 12, 052323 (2005)] and Tal et al. [Phys. Plasmas 18, 122304 (2011)]. From the prospective of the comparison of theory and experiment, it seems to be important to estimate the statistical properties of the TDE based on solid mathematical groundings. This paper provides analytic derivation of the variance of the TDE using a two-dimensional model for coherent turbulent structures in the plasma edge and also gives an explicit method for determination of the tilt angle of structures. As a demonstration, this method is then applied to the results of a quasi-2D Beam Emission Spectroscopy measurement performed at the TEXTOR tokamak.
A Direct D-Bar Method for Partial Boundary Data Electrical Impedance Tomography With a Priori Information

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive imaging modality that uses surface electrical measurements to determine the internal conductivity of a body. The mathematical formulation of the EIT problem is a nonlinear and severely ill-posed inverse problem for which direct D-bar methods have proved useful in providing noise-robust conductivity reconstructions. Recent advances in D-bar methods allow for conductivity reconstructions using EIT measurement data from only part of the domain (e.g., a patient lying on their back could be imaged using only data gathered on the accessible part of the body). However, D-bar reconstructions suffer from a loss of sharp edges due to a nonlinear low-pass filtering of the measured data, and this problem becomes especially marked in the case of partial boundary data. Including a priori data directly into the D-bar solution method greatly enhances the spatial resolution, allowing for detection of underlying pathologies or defects, even with no assumption of their presence in the prior. This work combines partial data D-bar with a priori data, allowing for noise-robust conductivity reconstructions with greatly improved spatial resolution. The method is demonstrated to be effective on noisy simulated EIT measurement data simulating both medical and industrial imaging scenarios.