Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Potential of Coconut Flour in Caco-2 Colon Cancer Cells

Coconut Flour (CF) (Cocos nucifera L.) is a sweet by-product of coconut milk that has multifarious utility. The objective of this study was to investigate the chemopreventive potential of coconut flour extracts (defatted and whole) through determination of phytochemical content, antioxidative potential and cytotoxic effects on Caco-2 cells. Phytochemical (total phenolic, total flavonoid) content, Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), free radical-scavenging ability of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP) were determined according to standard protocols. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (cytotoxicity assay) was used to measure in vitro cell damage of Caco-2 colon cancer cells. Activity of antioxidant enzymes was determined with selected concentrations of extracts (25, 50 and 100 μg mLG). Apoptotic activity was assessed through the activity of caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA). Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed through measuring cycloxygenase-2 (Cox-2). Total phenolic and flavonoid content was 55.46±1.70 mg GAE/100 g and 17.84±2.33 mg CE/100 g. The TEAC was 0.65±0.05 μmol TE/100 g. The DPPH was IC50-74 mg mLG . The FRAP was 0.31±0.21 mmol/Fe gG and ORAC was 2387.78±88.68 μM TE gG 14.13±1.25 mmol/Fe gG. The LDH (%) release for 12 and 24 h was 45.8% at 50 μg mLG and 63.5% at 25 μg mLG. Caspase-3 was 15.46±0.639, Cox-2 was 0.30 U mLG and DNA fragmentation ELISA was 0.39 EF at 50 μg mLG. The results for the antioxidant and detoxification enzymes yielded: Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) 2.12±0.32 nmol minG mLG, catalase (CAT) 24.65±0.40 U mgG, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) 30.4±0 nmol minG mLG, superoxide dismutase (SOD) 305.90±3.89 U mLG and glutathione (GSH) 24.4±0 nmol mLG. Results of this study revealed high phenolic and flavonoid content and suggested cytotoxic and antioxidative potential of coconut flour extracts.
Hip and groin pain in sub-elite South African footballers

Background. Groin injuries are common in football. This can be attributed to the nature of the sport involving rapid accelerations, decelerations, abrupt directional changes and kicking. Groin injuries require lengthy rehabilitation times and predispose players to further injuries. Previous groin injury is a risk factor for future groin injuries, suggesting players are inadequately rehabilitated or the original cause has not been addressed. Objectives. To describe the prevalence, nature and treatment patterns of groin injuries in sub-elite players, and to investigate differences in hip strength and range of motion between players with and without a history of groin injury. Method. Thirty sub-elite, senior university male players were interviewed and questioned regarding groin injuries sustained in the preceding three years. They were assessed using the HAGOS questionnaire, and underwent isokinetic hip flexion/extension strength, adductor squeeze and range of motion tests. Results. Seventeen players (57%) reported having a previous groin injury, with an average score of 83 (16) [mean (SD)] on the HAGOS, compared with 92 (5) for non-injured players. Of the previously injured players, 29% did not seek treatment from a medical professional. Injuries included adductor strain (35%), inguinal-related (18%), iliopsoas-related (12%) and hip joint pathology (6%). The average time off was 25 days. There were no significant differences in isokinetic hip flexion/extension strength, adductor strength and range of motion. Conclusion. The prevalence of groin injuries in this population is relatively high (57%) and requires lengthy rehabilitation time. The HAGOS is a suitable tool to identify groin pain in this population within the sports and recreation and quality of life subscales. Isokinetic hip strength and range of motion testing lacked sensitivity in detecting deficits in players with a previous groin injury. Only two-thirds of injured players consulted a medical practitioner, increasing the likelihood that rehabilitation was inadequate. It is therefore recommended that player/coach education regarding injury management improve in order to reduce subsequent injuries. Keywords. HAGOS, groin injury, prevalence, range of motion, isokinetic strength
SYNERGISTIC INFLUENCE OF MACRO NUTRIENT, MICRO NUTRIENT AND BIO-FERTILIZER ON ROOT NODULATION, GROWTH AND YIELD OF GARDEN PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.)

An investigation was carried out at Horticultural Research Station, Mondouri, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia during the autumn-winter season of 2012-13 and 2013-14, to study the synergistic effects of Rhizobium inoculation (bio-fertilizer) along with phosphorus (macro nutrient) and molybdenum (micro nutrient) fertilizers on root nodulation as well as on growth and yield of garden pea. The highest root length of 17.19 cm and number of nodules were counted as 23.68 nodules per plant, when the plants were applied with Rhizobium inoculation along with P @ 40 kg ha-1 and Mo @ 0.5 kg ha-1. Whereas, the highest plant height (79.40cm), number of leaves per plant (22.11) and the heaviest nodules of 386.08 mg was found from 0.5 kg Mo, 80 kg P ha -1 & Rhizobium inoculation. The significantly higher number of pods per plant (108.16), pod weight (9.34 g) and yield ha-1 (13.90 ton ha-1) were found when the plants were provided with Rhizobium inoculation along with P @ 40 kg ha -1 and Mo @ 0.5 kg ha -1 .
Numerical Simulations of Supernova Remnant Evolution in a Cloudy Interstellar Medium

The mixed morphology class of supernova remnants has centrally peaked X-ray emission along with a shell-like morphology in radio emission. White & Long proposed that these remnants are evolving in a cloudy medium wherein the clouds are evaporated via thermal conduction once being overrun by the expanding shock. Their analytical model made detailed predictions regarding temperature, density, and emission profiles as well as shock evolution. We present numerical hydrodynamical models in 2D and 3D including thermal conduction, testing the White & Long model and presenting results for the evolution and emission from remnants evolving in a cloudy medium. We find that, while certain general results of the White & Long model hold, such as the way the remnants expand and the flattening of the X-ray surface brightness distribution, in detail there are substantial differences. In particular we find that the X-ray luminosity is dominated by emission from shocked cloud gas early on, leading to a bright peak, which then declines and flattens as evaporation becomes more important. In addition, the effects of thermal conduction on the intercloud gas, which is not included in the White & Long model, are important and lead to further flattening of the X-ray brightness profile as well as lower X-ray emission temperatures.
Does Globalization Affect the Economic Growth of Bangladesh? - An Econometric Analysis

The progressive integration of economies and communities all over the world has been the most spoken of concept in open economics for the last few decades. Globalization has manifold multi-dimensional conjugations on the society, politics, and economics. The paper estimates a model to determine the impacts of globalization on economic growth in Bangladesh. The results, using yearly data from 1986 to 2016, assure long-run relationships among the variables. The study uses the Augmented Dicky-Fuller (ADF) test to check whether a considered data undergoes a unit root problem and it provides a foundation for the long run relationship using the stationary series. Johansen cointegration technique finds a long-run equilibrium relationship between gross domestic product (a proxy of economic growth) and the economic globalization variables. The study also uses the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to identify the long run as well as the short run relationships among the considered variables. The paper finds a positive effect of human resource development and trade openness on the economic growth in Bangladesh which is statistically significant in the long run. The paper also finds a negative effect of financial integration and gross fixed capital formation in the long run. The structural stability of the considered model is tested using the CUSUM and CUSUM-SQ test and the findings confirm a long run relationship between the considered variables and the model is structurally stable. Findings do not support the negative effects of globalization on economic growth.
DRIVING OUTFLOWS WITH RELATIVISTIC JETS AND THE DEPENDENCE OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS FEEDBACK EFFICIENCY ON INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM INHOMOGENEITY

We examine the detailed physics of the feedback mechanism by relativistic active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets interacting with a two-phase fractal interstellar medium (ISM) in the kpc-scale core of galaxies using 29 three-dimensional grid-based hydrodynamical simulations. The feedback efficiency, as measured by the amount of cloud dispersal generated by the jet–ISM interactions, is sensitive to the maximum size of clouds in the fractal cloud distribution but not to their volume filling factor. Feedback ceases to be efficient for Eddington ratios Pjet/Ledd ≲ 10−4, although systems with large cloud complexes ≳ 50 pc require jets of Eddington ratio in excess of 10−2 to disperse the clouds appreciably. Based on measurements of the bubble expansion rates in our simulations, we argue that sub-grid AGN prescriptions resulting in negative feedback in cosmological simulations without a multi-phase treatment of the ISM are good approximations if the volume filling factor of warm-phase material is less than 0.1 and the cloud complexes are smaller than ∼25 pc. We find that the acceleration of the dense embedded clouds is provided by the ram pressure of the high-velocity flow through the porous channels of the warm phase, flow that has fully entrained the shocked hot-phase gas it has swept up, and is additionally mass loaded by ablated cloud material. This mechanism transfers 10% to 40% of the jet energy to the cold and warm gas, accelerating it within a few 10 to 100 Myr to velocities that match those observed in a range of high- and low-redshift radio galaxies hosting powerful radio jets.
Ownership Control and Rights Offerings in Chinese Listed Firms

Most Chinese listed companies were transformed from state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Institutional transformation results in an ownership structure that is characterized by highly concentrated ownership and state-owned shares, which may exert an influence on corporate finance. In China, listed companies rely heavily on equity for capital needs, but the government blockholders often subscribe to no shares or to partial shares; they tunnel seasoned offering equity (SEO) capital to their nonprofit units through related party transactions. Therefore, we examine large shareholders’ rights offering behavior and firms’ subsequent operating performance. The results reveal that with a higher ratio of state-owned shares, large shareholders tend to give up all preemptive rights for new shares of stock. Evidence confirms a predicted positive relation between large shareholders’ full rights subscription behavior and firms’ subsequent operating performance.
STUDIES ON DIFFERENT GROWTH PARAMETERS OF Ganoderma lucidum

Ganoderma lucidum (W. Curt: Fr.) P. Karst is one of the most popular mushrooms in oriental medicine. Ganoderma Lucidum is a species of the class Basidiomycetes, which belongs to the family Polyporaceae/Ganodermataceae of the order Aphyllophorales. Polysaccharides, peptidoglycans, and triterpenes are three major physiologically active constituents present in G. lucidum which are responsible for medicinal properties. The present investigation was conducted on its different growth parameters. The different isolates/strains were collected, cultured and identified on the basis of basidiocarp and basidiospore morphology. The cultures of different isolates were studied for their radial growth at different temperatures and pH. Malt extract medium, temperature range of 25-35uC and acidic pH (5.0) were conducive for the mycelial growth of G. lucidum.
Copious Amounts of Dust and Gas in a z = 7.5 Quasar Host Galaxy

We present IRAM/NOEMA and JVLA observations of the quasar J1342+0928 at z = 7.54 and report detections of copious amounts of dust and [C ii] emission in the interstellar medium (ISM) of its host galaxy. At this redshift, the age of the universe is 690 Myr, about 10% younger than the redshift of the previous quasar record holder. Yet, the ISM of this new quasar host galaxy is significantly enriched by metals, as evidenced by the detection of the [C ii] 158 μm cooling line and the underlying far-infrared (FIR) dust continuum emission. To the first order, the FIR properties of this quasar host are similar to those found at a slightly lower redshift ( ), making this source by far the FIR-brightest galaxy known at . The [C ii] emission is spatially unresolved, with an upper limit on the diameter of 7 kpc. Together with the measured FWHM of the [C ii] line, this yields a dynamical mass of the host of . Using standard assumptions about the dust temperature and emissivity, the NOEMA measurements give a dust mass of . The brightness of the [C ii] luminosity, together with the high dust mass, imply active ongoing star formation in the quasar host. Using [C ii]–SFR scaling relations, we derive star formation rates of 85–545 yr−1 in the host, consistent with the values derived from the dust continuum. Indeed, an episode of such past high star formation is needed to explain the presence of ∼108 M☉ of dust implied by the observations.
An Analysis of the Effects of Capital Structure and the Beta Coefficient on Stock Returns: A Case Study of the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) - Manufacturing Industry

An identification of the factors that affect stock returns is one of the frequently investigated topics in financial circles and many different models are evident. Based on scientific studies, the factors that affect stock returns can be listed as macro-economic variables, returns on alternative investment instruments, political and social events, developments in other countries, foreign investors' risk-taking preferences, information on companies, and manipulation. The aim of this study is to identify whether the beta coefficient ( β ) representing the systematic risk according to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and the capital structure among firm-specific factors influence stock returns, and to detect the direction of this influence. The study discusses three different periods from 1992 to 2010 in which 65 industrial companies were traded without interruption in the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) manufacturing industry: the whole period from 1994 to 2010, the sub-period from 1994 to 2002 and the subperiod from 2003 to 2010. According to the results of the panel regression analysis, among the explanatory variables used in the analysis, beta (β) and total debt/market value (TD/MV) ratio were found to be statistically significant with a positive effect on both nominal and real stock returns in all three periods. The TD/MV ratio is found to be statistically significant with a negative effect on both nominal and real stock returns in the 1994-2002 sub-period, but only on the real stock returns in the 1994-2010 period. Among the control variables used in the study, only the earnings per share (EPS) variable was found to be statistically significant with a positive effect on stock returns in the 1994-2002 sub-period, whereas the other control variables were not found to have a statistically significant effect on stock returns either in the base period or in the sub-periods.
Phytochemical and analgesic evaluation of methanol leaf extract of Clerodendrum volubile Linn

The toxic effects of known analgesics in pains and stress management are major health concern globally. This study therefore investigated the phytochemical and analgesic property of commonly used medicinal plant in southwestern Nigeria for pain management. Clerodendrum volubile (CVL) was screened for phytochemical constituents following standard procedure. Forty two Wistar Albino Mice (WAM) of both sexes (35-40 g, n=6) were grouped into seven. Thirty minutes prior to intraperitoneal injection with 2 ml of 0.1% acetic acid, animals in groups I- III received plant extracts (1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg respectively), IV- VI were treated with paracetamol (acetaminophen), aspirin and indomethacin while VII received saline water. Thirty minutes observation period was adhered to. Time related analgesic effect was also investigated. The results showed that the extract contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols, anthraquinones, and flavonoids. Analgesic assay revealed methanol leaf extract of CVL demonstrated a dose dependent activity on the acetic acid-induced writhing. Writhing counts significantly reduced in mice administered with 1-100 mg/kg CVL (85.17±3.72, 57.17 ± 4.07 and 40.00 ± 2.08) compared to paracetamol, aspirin, indomethacin (76.50±7.64, 45.67± 2.73, 33.50 ± 4.23) and saline water (207.83±9.95). Percentage inhibition of abdominal constriction was dose dependent in methanol leaf extract of CVL (87.00±0.03%) relative to control (0.00%). These findings support the previously reported analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of extracts of other species related to the study plant. Keywords: Clerodendrum volubile , medicinal plants, musculoskeletal disorder, phytochemical. metals
Cultural Foundations of Female Entrepreneurship in Mexico: Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract This paper analyses possible challenges and opportunities that Mexican female entrepreneurs face during the establishment of new enterprises. Based on in-depth interviews with female entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship experts, authors researched opportunities in the form of governmental and non-governmental institutional support, growing entrepreneurship, social awareness and women empowerment. However, lack of credibility, fear of vulnerability to criticism and social pressure are some challenges associated with gender egalitarianism. In such, the authors proved that Mexican culture impacts women in some ways more than the others. Institutional collectivism was the cultural dimension with higher positive impact on women, followed by gender egalitarianism with a neutral to positive impact and the power distance with a neutral influence on women.
Cost differentials and scale for newer water treatment technologies

Although a number of jurisdictions in Europe have abandoned chlorine as a disinfectant, most water utilities with conventional water treatment plants in North America seem to rely on chlorine for disinfection. However there are a number of newer treatment technologies that offer advantages and appear to be cost effective at a number of scales. It is the objective of this paper to consider 5 newer treatment technologies and work out the cost differentials as a function of scale. We use nonlinear least squares regression to estimate the average unit cost in US dollars as a function of scale and demonstrate the extent to which these technologies differ in cost. We show that at a certain scale the differentials narrow and project the switch point at which some of the technology costs cross over, indicating the flow rates at which some technologies become cost effective. Key words: Drinking water treatment technologies, costs of treatment, small water systems, disinfection, economies of scale, ultra violet (UV), ozonation.
Factors affecting Malaysian university students’ purchase intention in social networking sites

Abstract This study applied the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 to examine acceptance and use of social networking sites in a marketing setting. This study uses 370 regular higher education students in Malaysia as respondents. Quantitative method is used. The findings revealed that performance expectancy (PE) and hedonic motivation were the main factors that influence users’ online purchase intention (PI) through social networking sites (SNSs) in Malaysia. As for moderating influences of gender and age, the results showed that gender significantly moderated purposed association between these four elements and the online PI, while the moderating effect of age was only recognized in PE. Findings of this research offer practitioners with better insights that would aid them in developing effective online marketing strategies to attract online purchasing users through SNSs.
Health related quality of life assessment and associated factors among people on highly active antiretroviral therapy at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia.

Background: Antiretroviral therapy has reduced HIV/AIDS related mortality and more of people living with HIV/ AIDS alive longer. Hence, this study tried to assess the health related quality of life and associated factors among people on highly active antiretroviral therapy at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted among 424 people on highly active antiretroviral therapy at Bahir Dar Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, North West Ethiopia. Study participants were obtained with a systematic sampling and interviewed to respond for structured pre-tested questionnaires. Clinical variables of highly active antiretroviral therapy were collected from their hospital charts. Data were entered into EPI info version 3.5. 1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20 software for windows. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done. Result: The proportion of respondents with low health related quality of life in all domains was 56.4%. Unemployment (AOR = 2.32 [95% CI = 1.49, 3.59]), poor adherence (AOR = 3.24 [95% CI = 1.02, 10.32]) and being ambulatory (AOR = 3.19 [95% CI = 1.36, 7.48]) were found to have statistically significant association with health related quality of life. Conclusion: This study finding stress the need for enhanced support and a better environment for improving the health related quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS.
Awakening Teachers to their Presence: An Experiential Course in Body Wisdom

This article describes a workshop that was designed and conducted for the benefit of teachers interested in developing their presence experience through body awareness. The workshop activities consisted of the practice of specific physical tasks accompanied by reflections on their impact on the presence experience. An understanding of the workshop dynamics will enable professional educators to: 1) foster presence through body awareness through the use of practical strategies; 2) understand presence as an awareness of the integration of body, thought, and emotions; 3) understand the relationship between increased body awareness and more positive student relationships; and 4) to understand the relationship between increased body awareness and more effective teaching.