Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sudden early‐morning awakening impairs immediate tactical planning in a changing ‘emergency’ scenario

This was a realistic military‐type exercise assessing unexpected, abrupt early‐morning awakening effects on immediate ‘executive function’ and the ability to comprehend and deal with a sudden emergency under a changing situation. Twenty (average age 21 years) healthy, highly motivated junior officer reservists were assigned randomly to two equal, independent groups, unforewarned as to what would happen. The experimental group was woken abruptly at 03 : 00 h (<3 h sleep) and confronted immediately with a ‘paper exercise’ of an enemy attack, requiring a feasible plan of engagement with minimal loss of resources, to be completed within 15 min. A control group slept until 07 : 30 h; they were then presented with the identical emergency 1 h later. Participants worked individually, under time pressure, receiving written information, map and other details, all containing relevant, irrelevant and misleading information. Halfway through, they were given (unexpectedly) a critical update necessitating a change of tactics. Performance was scored blind by instructors, under five categories. Eight of the experimental group versus three controls failed overall, with significant group differences on three specific categories relying on flexible decision‐making: ‘identification of available cover’, ‘use of available assets’ and ‘extraction of relevant from irrelevant information’. Other, logical and highly trained skills were unimpaired. Ours was a ‘worst case scenario’, combining short sleep, circadian ‘trough’ and sleep inertia, all of which differentiated the two groups, unlike typical laboratory studies. Nevertheless, it was relevant to real‐life situations involving highly motivated, trained individuals making critical innovative decisions in the early morning versus the normal waking day.
Vitamin K, warfarin and prothrombin: an alternate pathway to improve cancer survival

Billroth first proposed a theoretical relationship between hemostatic mechanisms and the development of cancer metastasis in 1878. A lack of experimental animal models to study cancer metastasis inhibited further studies on hemostasis and cancer until the late 1960s and early 1970s.1 Since that time, studies using mouse and rat models, have demonstrated a reduction of tumor metastasis and improved animal survival with systemic anticoagulation. However, the therapeutic benefits observed in these models cannot be attributed to a single, specific intervention in the coagulation system since a variety of anticoagulants, anti-platelet and fibrinolytic agents appeared to be effective.1
A QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF URBAN FAMILY PLANNING FACILITIES HAMADAN, MAY - SEPTEMBER 2003

هديكچ : هب توق طاقن نيرت هدمع تخانش و هداوناخ ميظنت تامدخ تيفيك نييعت روظنم يا هعلاطم ،تامدخ هئارا متسيس فعض و هب لاس رويرهش ات تشهبيدرا زا يعطقم تروص 1382 حطس رد و 25 يرهش يتشادهب هاگياپ , تفرگ ماجنا نادمه رد . دادعت 400 ينيع يشور اب و فسينوي درادناتسا ياه تسيل كچ طسوت زكارم نيا هب هعجارم دروم (objective) رارق يفيك يبايزرا دروم فرگ و تمدخ ماجنا تعاس ،هدنهد تمدخ درف تلايصحت حطس ليبق زا يياهريغتم و تمدخ هئارا تيفيك نيب طابترا و دنت ديدرگ يسررب زين نيشيپ ياه شزومآ . زا شيب رد هك داد ناشن قيقحت نيا زا لصاح جياتن 50 % تامدخ هئارا ،هعجارم دراوم لك اپ هب طسوتم دح رد يتيفيك اب ي و هتفرگ تروص ني اسران و فعض نيرتشيب ي و يكيزيف هنياعم ،يريگ لاح حرش ياهتمسق رد مه ي شور نييعت هرواشم , دوش يم هدهاشم . يتيفيك اب ار تامدخ امومع رت هدركليصحت نادنمراك هك ديدرگ صخشم نينچمه لابق هك يناراميب زين و دننك يم هضرع رت نيئاپ هب آ هداوناخ ميظنت هلوقم دروم رد يعون تيفيك اب يتامدخ دنا هديد شزوم دنراد يم تفايرد رتبولطمان . و تمدخ ماجنا نامز زا دندوب ترابع تيفيك رب رثوم لماوع رياس يرادراب دض شور رييغت هلاسم . رد لك اقن دوجو زا يكاح شهوژپ نيا ياه هتفاي ي يناسنا يورين تيبرت رما رد يدج ص ) يطابترا ياهتراهم هطيح رد اصوصخ ( و تسا ديامن يم دزشوگ ار هدنهد تمدخ لنسرپ شزومآ شور و اوتحم رد يساسا يرگنزاب موزل .
Job Satisfaction in Finland - Some results from the European Community Household Panel 1996-2001

Tassa paperissa tutkitaan tyotyytyvaisyyteen vaikuttavia tekijoita kayttaen European Community Household Panel-aineistoa koskien Suomea. Taloustieteellisesta nakokulmasta tehtyja suomalaisia tutkimuksia tyotyytyvaisyydesta on verrattain vahan. Tasta syysta tutkitaan paperissa ensin miten ”perinteiset” tekijat kuten palkkataso, ika, sukupuoli, koulutustaso vaikuttavat tyotyytyvaisyyteen. Nama tekijat ovat ”perinteisia” siina mielessa etta aikaisemmissa, kansanvalisissa tutkimuksissa, on jo havaittu niiden vaikuttavan tyotyytyvaisyyteen. Taman tutkimuksen tuloksien valossa Suomi ei nayta poikkeavan paljon muista maista, koska naisilla, huonommin koulutetuilla, ja korkeapalkkaisilla on muita korkeampi tyotyytyvaisyys samalla tavoin kuin ulkomailla. Matala tyotyytyvaisyys myos lisaa todennakoisyytta etta tyontekija irtisanoutuu tyostaan. Paperissa tutkitaan myos tyotyytyvaisyyteen vaikuttavia tekijoita, joiden vaikutuksista tiedetaan viela varsin vahan. Henkiloilla, jotka tekevat omasta tahdosta riippumatta osa-aikatyota on muita matalampi tyotyytyvaisyys. Tulokset viittaavat myos siihen, etta yrityksen tarjoama koulutus nostaa tyontekijoiden tyotyytyvaisyyden.
Polysomnographic study of nocturnal sleep in idiopathic hypersomnia without long sleep time

We investigated nocturnal sleep abnormalities in 19 patients with idiopathic hypersomnia without long sleep time (IH) in comparison with two age‐ and sex‐ matched control groups of 13 normal subjects (C) and of 17 patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy (NC), the latter considered as the extreme of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Sleep macro‐ and micro‐ (i.e. cyclic alternating pattern, CAP) structure as well as quantitative analysis of EEG, of periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS), and of muscle tone during REM sleep were compared across groups. IH and NC patients slept more than C subjects, but IH showed the highest levels of sleep fragmentation (e.g. awakenings), associated with a CAP rate higher than NC during lighter sleep stages and lower than C during slow wave sleep respectively, and with the highest relative amount of A3 and the lowest of A1 subtypes. IH showed a delta power in between C and NC groups, whereas muscle tone and PLMS had normal characteristics. A peculiar profile of microstructural sleep abnormalities may contribute to sleep fragmentation and, possibly, EDS in IH.
Distinct Cellular Assembly Stoichiometry of Polycomb Complexes on Chromatin Revealed by Single-molecule Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Imaging*♦

Background: Polycomb proteins control transcription by regulating chromatin structure and dynamics. Results: By developing and applying a novel Sm-ChIPi technique, we identified that one PRC1 binds multiple nucleosomes within cells, although two PRC2s can bind a single nucleosome. Conclusion: PRC1 and PRC2 complexes employ distinct mechanisms to assemble on chromatin. Significance: The cellular assembly stoichiometry provides insight into repressive polycomb chromatin structure. Epigenetic complexes play an essential role in regulating chromatin structure, but information about their assembly stoichiometry on chromatin within cells is poorly understood. The cellular assembly stoichiometry is critical for appreciating the initiation, propagation, and maintenance of epigenetic inheritance during normal development and in cancer. By combining genetic engineering, chromatin biochemistry, and single-molecule fluorescence imaging, we developed a novel and sensitive approach termed single-molecule chromatin immunoprecipitation imaging (Sm-ChIPi) to enable investigation of the cellular assembly stoichiometry of epigenetic complexes on chromatin. Sm-ChIPi was validated by using chromatin complexes with known stoichiometry. The stoichiometry of subunits within a polycomb complex and the assembly stoichiometry of polycomb complexes on chromatin have been extensively studied but reached divergent views. Moreover, the cellular assembly stoichiometry of polycomb complexes on chromatin remains unexplored. Using Sm-ChIPi, we demonstrated that within mouse embryonic stem cells, one polycomb repressive complex (PRC) 1 associates with multiple nucleosomes, whereas two PRC2s can bind to a single nucleosome. Furthermore, we obtained direct physical evidence that the nucleoplasmic PRC1 is monomeric, whereas PRC2 can dimerize in the nucleoplasm. We showed that ES cell differentiation induces selective alteration of the assembly stoichiometry of Cbx2 on chromatin but not other PRC1 components. We additionally showed that the PRC2-mediated trimethylation of H3K27 is not required for the assembly stoichiometry of PRC1 on chromatin. Thus, these findings uncover that PRC1 and PRC2 employ distinct mechanisms to assemble on chromatin, and the novel Sm-ChIPi technique could provide single-molecule insight into other epigenetic complexes.
Increasing Knowledge of HIV and Hepatitis C During Substance Abuse Treatment

Objectives:One million people are believed to be infected with HIV in the United States, and 4 times that number are thought to be infected with the Hepatitis C virus. This study examined knowledge acquisition and retention of both HIV and Hepatitis C risks in a treatment-seeking substance abusing population. It was hypothesized that knowledge levels would increase for both HIV and Hepatitis C risk factors following a structured counseling session and that the knowledge gained would be retained at a second counseling session 10 weeks later. Second, it was hypothesized that injecting drug users (IDUs) would have higher knowledge levels than non-IDUs. Methods:Participants (N = 105) completed an HIV/Hepatitis C knowledge assessment instrument at treatment entry, underwent structured risk-reduction counseling, then were re-administered the assessment measure approximately 10 weeks later at a second counseling session. Results:Overall, paired t test analyses revealed a significant increase in knowledge levels across time points (P < 0.001). At treatment entry, IDUs had higher knowledge scores than non-IDUs; however, the difference was no longer significant at posttest. Discussion:Participants showed proportionally less knowledge of Hepatitis C than HIV, supporting the recommendation that Hepatitis C counseling be integrated into existing prevention services.
Evaluation of single-dose pharmacokinetics of cefepime in healthy bull camels (Camelus dromedaries).

*Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
In vitro evaluation of five commercially available perfusion systems

An in vitro experiment was designed to examine and compare pump durability and stability, and hematologic derangements induced by four centrifugal pumps and one roller pump on fresh, unpooled citrated bovine blood. Pumps tested included St. Jude Medical Lifestream (n=7), Medtronic Bio-Pump® (n=7) and Carmeda Bio-Pump® (n=7), Sarns (n=7) centrifugal pump, and Sarns roller pump (n=7). Identical circuits consisted of equal inflow and outflow lengths of 3/8″ tubing connecting a 1 liter (L) reservoir to a pump head or roller region. Pump flow was controlled at 4.5 ± 0.3 L/min. All circuits (0.1 L lactated Ringer's solution prime + 1 L blood) were tested for 24 h. Blood samples were drawn hourly for hours 1–6, every other hour for hours 8–12, and then at hour 24. Parameters monitored included pH, fibrinogen, plasma free hemoglobin (free Hb), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and platelet counts. Over the 24-h period, platelet counts decreased similarly among the perfusion systems. Free Hb and LDH rose significantly with the Sarns roller and centrifugal pumps after five hours of pumping. No significant changes in fibrinogen or pH were detected. Pump speed required to maintain flow with the Bio-pumps was significantly faster than with the Sarns and St. Jude Medical pumps.The authors conclude that these perfusion systems function reliably and satisfactorily during the first 4 h in an in vitro circuit. All centrifugal pumps were less hostile to red blood cells than the roller pump. Under these experimental conditions, the Sarns centrifugal pump caused more hemolysis than the other three centrifugal systems tested. There was no apparent advantage to the Carmeda Bio-Pump (heparin bonded) circuit in this trial.
Rapid Deamination of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer Photoproducts at TCG Sites in a Translationally and Rotationally Positioned Nucleosome in Vivo*

Background: DNA photoproduct deamination contributes to mutations. Results: Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) deaminate fastest at TCG sites, and the rate depends on the position of the CPD in a nucleosome determined from hydroxyl radical footprinting. Conclusion: Deamination could explain the high C to T mutation rate at TCG sites, which can be further modulated by nucleosomes. Significance: Sequence context and chromatin structure can modulate UV mutagenesis. Sunlight-induced C to T mutation hot spots in skin cancers occur primarily at methylated CpG sites that coincide with sites of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) formation. The C and 5-methyl-C in CPDs are not stable and deaminate to U and T, respectively, which leads to the insertion of A by the DNA damage bypass polymerase η, thereby defining a probable mechanism for the origin of UV-induced C to T mutations. Deamination rates for TmCG CPDs have been found to vary 12-fold with rotational position in a nucleosome in vitro. To determine the influence of nucleosome structure on deamination rates in vivo, we determined the deamination rates of CPDs at TCG sites in a stably positioned nucleosome within the FOS promoter in HeLa cells. A procedure for in vivo hydroxyl radical footprinting with Fe-EDTA was developed, and, together with results from a cytosine methylation protection assay, we determined the translational and rotational positions of the TCG sites. Consistent with the in vitro observations, deamination was slower for one CPD located at an intermediate rotational position compared with two other sites located at outside positions, and all were much faster than for CPDs at non-TCG sites. Photoproduct formation was also highly suppressed at one site, possibly due to its interaction with a histone tail. Thus, it was shown that CPDs of TCG sites deaminate the fastest in vivo and that nucleosomes can modulate both their formation and deamination, which could contribute to the UV mutation hot spots and cold spots.
Büyümenin İzlenmesi Ve Büyüme Duraklaması

Growth monitoring is an essential component of pediatric health surveillance. Growth monitoring is described as evaluation of a child’s some anthropometric measures that are plotted on a growth chart regularly. It is routinely performed at birth, and then continues on an intermittent basis throughout the rest of the childhood. Growth failure may be the first sign of an underlying health problem. Failure to thrive (FTT) is a term generally used to describe an infant or child whose current growth or growth rate is significantly below theexpected growth rate for similar children of the same sex and age. Early detection and treatment of the underlying cause or causes are important for preventing malnutrition. This approach may decrease long-term effects of malnutrition on the child’s growth and psychosocial development.
Penetration of oxytetracycline into the nasal secretions and relationship between nasal secretions and plasma oxytetracycline concentrations after oral and intramuscular administration in healthy pigs.

The penetration of oxytetracycline (OTC) in plasma and nasal secretions of healthy pigs was evaluated during the first study, in response to oral dose of 20 mg of OTC per kg of body weight (bwt) per day as a 400 mg/kg feed medication (n = 5) and to intramuscular (i.m.)-administered formulations at 10 mg/kg bwt (n = 5), 20 mg/kg bwt (n = 5), 40 mg/kg bwt (n = 5). Concentrations of OTC in plasma and nasal secretions were determined by a validated ultra-high performance liquid chromatography associated to tandem mass spectrometry method (UPLC/MS/MS). The objectives were to select the efficacy treatment and to evaluate the possibility to predict nasal secretions concentrations from those determined in plasma. The animals were housed together in each experiment. In each group, the treatment was administered once daily during 6 consecutive days, and nasal secretions and plasma were collected after 4 and 24 h at day 2 and day 6. For oral administration, only one medicated feed was prepared and distributed to all the animals together and was consumed in approximately 1 h. To meet recommendations of efficacy for OTC in nasal secretions, only the i.m. of 40 mg/kg bwt associated to an inter-dosing interval of 24 h provides and maintains concentrations in nasal secretions ≥1 μg/mL, appropriate to the MIC 50 and 90 of Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica, respectively, the main pathological strains in nasal secretions. It has been demonstrated that, using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), OTC in the nasal secretions (μg/mL) can be predicted taking into account the OTC concentrations in plasma (μg/mL), according to the following equation: OTC(nasal secretions) = 0.28 OTC(plasma) -1.49. In a second study, the pharmacokinetic behaviour of OTC in plasma and nasal secretions of healthy pigs was investigated, after single-dose i.m. of 40 mg/kg bwt of the drug. Blood samples and nasal secretions were collected at predetermined times after drug administration. The data collected in 10 pigs for OTC were subjected to non-compartmental analysis. In plasma, the maximum concentration of drug (C(max) ), the time at which this maximum concentration of drug (T(max) ) was reached, the elimination half-life (t½) and the area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) were, respectively, 19.4 μg/mL, 4.0, 5.1 h and 150 μg·h/mL. In nasal secretions, C(max) , T(max) , t½ and AUC were, respectively, 6.29 μg/mL, 4.0, 6.6 h and 51.1 μg·h/mL.
Sensus Communis: Some Perspectives on the Origins of Non-synchronous Cross-Sensory Associations

Adults readily make associations between stimuli perceived consecutively through different sense modalities, such as shapes and sounds. Researchers have only recently begun to investigate such correspondences in infants but only a handful of studies have focused on infants less than a year old. Are infants able to make cross-sensory correspondences from birth? Do certain correspondences require extensive real-world experience? Some studies have shown that newborns are able to match stimuli perceived in different sense modalities. Yet, the origins and mechanisms underlying these abilities are unclear. The present paper explores these questions and reviews some hypotheses on the emergence and early development of cross-sensory associations and their possible links with language development. Indeed, if infants can perceive cross-sensory correspondences between events that share certain features but are not strictly contingent or co-located, one may posit that they are using a “sixth sense” in Aristotle’s sense of the term. And a likely candidate for explaining this mechanism, as Aristotle suggested, is movement.
Identification of Unintuitive Features of Sumoylation through Mathematical Modeling*

Sumoylation is a multistep, multienzymatic post-translational modification in which a small ubiquitin-like modifier protein (SUMO) is attached to the target. We present the first mathematical model for sumoylation including enzyme mechanism details such as autosumoylation of E2 and multifunctional nature of SENP. Simulations and analysis reveal three nonobvious properties for the long term response, modeled as an open system: (i) the steady state sumoylation level is robust to variation in several enzyme properties; (ii) even when autosumoylation of E2 results in equal or higher activity, the target sumoylation levels are lower; and (iii) there is an optimal SENP concentration at which steady state target sumoylation level is maximum. These results are qualitatively different for a short term response modeled as a closed system, where e.g. sumoylation always decreases with increasing SENP levels. Simulations with multiple targets suggest that the available SUMO is limiting, indicating a possible explanation for the experimentally observed low fractional sumoylation. We predict qualitative differences in system responses at short post-translational and longer transcriptional time scales. We thus use this mechanism-based model to explain system properties and generate testable hypotheses for existence and mechanism of unexpected responses.
Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) Negatively Regulates Thermogenic Program in Brown Adipocytes via Coordinated Regulation of Histone H3 Lysine 27 (H3K27) Deacetylation and Methylation*

Inhibiting class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) increases energy expenditure, reduces adiposity, and improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice. However, the precise mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that HDAC1 is a negative regulator of the brown adipocyte thermogenic program. The Hdac1 level is lower in mouse brown fat (BAT) than white fat, is suppressed in mouse BAT during cold exposure or β3-adrenergic stimulation, and is down-regulated during brown adipocyte differentiation. Remarkably, overexpressing Hdac1 profoundly blocks, whereas deleting Hdac1 significantly enhances, β-adrenergic activation-induced BAT-specific gene expression in brown adipocytes. β-Adrenergic activation in brown adipocytes results in a dissociation of HDAC1 from promoters of BAT-specific genes, including uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (Pgc1α), leading to increased acetylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27), an epigenetic mark of gene activation. This is followed by dissociation of the polycomb repressive complexes, including the H3K27 methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homologue (EZH2), suppressor of zeste 12 (SUZ12), and ring finger protein 2 (RNF2) from (and concomitant recruitment of H3K27 demethylase ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat on chromosome X (UTX) to) Ucp1 and Pgc1α promoters, leading to decreased H3K27 trimethylation, a histone transcriptional repression mark. Thus, HDAC1 negatively regulates the brown adipocyte thermogenic program, and inhibiting Hdac1 promotes BAT-specific gene expression through a coordinated control of increased acetylation and decreased methylation of H3K27, thereby switching the transcriptional repressive state to the active state at the promoters of Ucp1 and Pgc1α. Targeting HDAC1 may be beneficial in prevention and treatment of obesity by enhancing BAT thermogenesis.