Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
U.S. Coins Market: Historical Performance and Anomalies

In this paper, we document the historical performance of collectable coins from 1967 to 2015. Collectable coins have a 9.7% annualized nominal return and a 5.5% real return over this period. We show collectable coins provide large diversification benefits based on their Sharpe ratios and are effective at countering both anticipated and unanticipated inflation. Lastly, we document cross-sectional and time series momentum and newly issued coin underpricing, anomalies in the market for collectable coins that are typically associated with stocks.
Aalborg Universitet Adaptive Fuzzy Output Regulation for Formation Control of Unmanned Surface Vehicles

In this paper, the formation control problem of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) is investigated. Unlike the classical formation control problem where the reference signal is required to be second-order differentiable with respect to time, we consider a more general autonomous dynamic system as the reference system. A novel adaptive fuzzy output regulation approach is presented to solve the formation control problem, where a set of regulator equations using only approximation information and a distributed observer are constructed to obtain the feedforward information of the reference system. Based upon this, a distributed adaptive fuzzy control law is designed by using the backstepping technique. It is shown that USVs can effectively achieve the desired formation with the tracking error being adjusted as small as possible. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed formation control law is effective and efficient.
Prevention and diagnostics of invasive fungal infections in acute leukaemia and allogeneic stem cell transplantation

8 INTRODUCTION 10 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 11 Clinical features of invasive aspergillosis 13 Aspergillus in the environment 14 Colonization of the airways 14 Air filtration and quantity of fungal spores 14 Construction work and risk of invasive aspergillosis 15 Aspergillus in water and food 17 Diagnostics of invasive aspergillosis 17 Galactomannan antigen test 19 1,3-β-D-glucan test 23 Polymerase chain reaction 23 Clinical features of invasive candidiasis 24 Diagnostics of invasive candidiasis 24 Enolase 24 Arabinitol 25 Mannan antigen and antibody test 25 Diagnostic criteria of invasive aspergillosis and invasive candidiasis 26 Antifungal prophylaxis 29 Polyens 29 Triazoles 29 Echinocandins 31 Alternative routes of antifungal prophylaxis 33 AIMS OF THE STUDY 35
IN UKRAINIAN AND RUSSIAN TRANSLATION : SYNAESThETIc ShIfT

This paper focuses on synaesthetic shift occurring in translation of Emily Dickinson’s poetry into Ukrainian and Russian. The research is in line with Redka’s (2009) view of verbal and poetic synaesthesia, a trope which is structurally represented as a word combination, a sentence or even a poem, and manifests itself in the text as the author’s perception of objective reality via visual, colour, tactile, olfactory, auditory and gustatory sensation. We aim to describe two types of poetic synaesthesia: metaphoric, which is realized in the text as an image and is represented in cognition as conceptual metaphor or metonymy; and non-metaphoric, which is triggered by a combination of verbal images and phonetic instrumentation and versification. We thus hypothesise that synaesthetic shift between source and target images leads to the change of the original image and results from changes in versification and phonetic instrumentation patterns in poetry, verbal images and conceptual cross-domain mapping.
Growing taller among toilets : Evidence from changes in sanitation and child height in Cambodia , 2005-2010

Child height is an important indicator of human capital and human development, in large part because early life health and net nutrition shape both height and adult economic productivity and health. Recent medical evidence suggests that exposure to poor sanitation – and specifically to widespread open defecation – can pose a critical threat to child growth. Cambodia saw a significant decline in open defecation and increase in child height between its 2005 and 2010 Demographic and Health Surveys. This paper identifies an effect of open defecation on child height from within-province changes in the local area open defecation to which children are exposed. In particular, it is local open defecation that matters most for child height, underscoring the negative externalities that make reducing open defecation a policy priority where it is common. Our estimate is quantitatively robust, and corroborated by model averaging techniques. Decomposition analysis, in the spirit of Blinder-Oaxaca, further suggests that reduction in children’s exposure to open defecation can statistically account for much or all of the increase in average child height between 2005 and 2010. ∗Corresponding author: dean@riceinstitute.org. Affiliations: Kov, Smets: World Bank Water and Sanitation Program; Spears: Centre for Development Economics at Delhi School of Economics and rice; Vyas: rice. This work received no specific funding, beyond the ordinary funding of its authors. This paper reflects the conclusions if its authors alone, and not necessarily of any government or organization.
Sea Surface Temperature in Global Analyses: Gains from the Copernicus Imaging Microwave Radiometer

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) derived from passive microwave (PMW) observations benefit global ocean and SST analyses because of their near-all-weather availability. Present PMW SSTs have a real aperture-limited spatial resolution in excess of 50 km, limiting the spatial fidelity with which SST features, reflecting ocean dynamics, can be captured. This contrasts with the target resolution of global analyses of 5 to 10 km. The Copernicus Imaging Microwave Radiometer (CIMR) is a mission concept under consideration as a high-priority candidate mission for the expansion of the Copernicus space programme. This instrument would be capable of real aperture resolution < 15 km with low total uncertainties in the range 0.4–0.8 K for channels between 1.4 and 36.5 GHz, and a dual-view arrangement that further reduces noise. This paper provides a comparative study of SST uncertainty and feature resolution with and without the availability of CIMR in the future SST-observing satellite constellation based on a detailed simulation of CIMR plus infrared observations and the processing of global SST analyses with 0.05° final grid resolution. Simulations of CIMR data including structured errors were added to an observing system consisting of the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) on Sentinel-3A and the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on MetOp-A. This resulted in a large improvement in the global root-mean-square error (RMSE) for SST from 0.37 K to 0.21 K for January and 0.40 K to 0.25 K for July. There was a particularly noticeable improvement in the performance of the analysis, as measured by the reduction in RMSE, for dynamical and persistently cloudy areas. Of these, the Aghulas Current showed an improvement of 43% in January and 48% in July, the Gulf Stream showed 70% and 44% improvements, the Southern Ocean showed 57% and 74% improvements, and the Maritime Continent showed 50% and 40% improvements, respectively.
Mississippian chondrichthyan fishes from the area of Krzeszowice, southern Poland

Two new assemblages of Mississippian pelagic chondrichthyan microremains were recovered from the pelagic limestone of the area of Krzeszowice, NW of Kraków, Poland. The older assemblage represents the upper Tournaisian of Czatkowice Quarry and the younger one the upper Viséan of the Czernka stream valley at Czerna. The teeth of symmoriiform Falcatidae are the major component of both collections. A comparison of the taxonomic composition of the assemblage from Czerna (with the falcatids and Thrinacodus as the major components) to the previously published materials from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland), Muhua (southern China), and Grand Canyon (Northern Arizona, USA) revealed the closest similarity to the first of these, probably deposited in a deeper water environment, relatively far from submarine carbonate platforms. A short review of Mississippian falcatids shows that the late Viséan–Serpukhovian period was the time of the greatest diversity of this group.
STUDY ON SIMILARITY OF GLOW DISCHARGE AT LOW PRESSURE BY NUMERICAL SIMULATION

The similarity law was not always valid because of the occurrence of the forbidden processes (e.g. stepwise ionization, charge exchange) for which the similarity law might be violated. In order to exam the validity of the similarity relations of low pressure glow discharge,a fluid model of gas discharge was established with the forbidden processes. The dimension ratio of the gap A and B was set at 2:1, the pressures for the gap A and B were 60Pa and 120Pa, respectively. The discharge parameters (such as electric potential, electric field, space charge density, electron density and ion density) in two geometrical similar gaps were comprehensively investigated. The simulation results indicated that the discharge was identified as a typical glow discharge. The impact of the forbidden processes caused small deviations, but was not significant in our case. The physical parameter relations of the two similar gaps were found to be in agreement with the theoretical ones derived by the similarity law.
The relationship between energy consumption and economic activity in EU-27 countries : testing the neutrality hypothesis

The aim of the article is to test the 'neutrality hypothesis' between the energy consumption and the economic activity in the EU-27 countries. The evidence speaks for the rejection of the 'neutrality hypothesis' in favor of the 'growth hypothesis'. The results di er between the original and the new EU member countries. The original member countries exhibit tendency to increase their economic growth with energy savings. However, in case of the new member countries there seems to be a negative impact of energy savings on the economic growth. For sectoral energy consumption, the main drivers of the causality in the relationship are the residential sector, industry and services. The residential energy consumption savings appear to increase the economic growth in both original and new member countries. The role of the energy consumption savings in the industrial and services' sector di er. For the industrial sector, in the original member countries the energy consumption savings increase economic growth, while in the new member they may hinder the economic growth. In services, the energy consumption does not seem to have an impact in the original member countries, while in the new member countries the savings in energy consumption seem to degrade the economic growth.
Industry Similarities, Comparative Advantage and Upscale Opportunities for Portugal in the Process of Structural Transformation: an Empirical Assessment Based on 2005 Trade Data

In this paper we provide an empirical assessment of the “sophistication” of the Portuguese export basket in 2005 and we evaluate the implication of the current specialization pattern for the process of structural transformation. Adapting from Hausmann and Klinger (2007), we use the structure of international trade in 2005 to estimate a measure of “relatedness” for each pair of products, which intends to capture similarities in terms of the capabilities they use. In particular, we run a PROBIT model to estimate the increment in the probability of a country having revealed comparative advantage (RCA) in one product given that the same country has RCA in another product. Contrary to Hausmann and Klinger, our measure of “relatedness” is subject to a statistical scrutiny and can be either positive or negative. We find that a large number of pairs of products (83.9%) are not statistically related and that most significant relations (97.6%) have a positive sign. For some products in which Portugal has RCA, we build measures assessing how related they are to products with higher “income content”. We then investigate the extent to which upscale products in which Portugal didn’t develop RCA are related to the set of products in which the country already has developed RCA. These measures are used to assess the opportunities of Portugal in the process of structural transformation. Key-Words: International trade, Structural Transformation, Industry Heterogeneity, The Portuguese Economy. JEL: C14, F14 * Corresponding author. Campus Universitário, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Tel: 351-234-370200. Fax: 351-234-370215. E-mail: afreitas@egi.ua. pt. Previous versions of this paper were presented at the 2008 meeting of the European Economic Association and the 2008 conference on Economic Modeling. The authors acknowledge António Morgado for technical programming and Paulo Inácio for assistance with the data.
Quantitative heterodonty in Crocodylia : variability and decoupling in size and shape across modern and extinct taxa . ( # 29741 ) 1

Please submit by 10 Aug 2018 for the benefit of the authors (and your $200 publishing discount). Structure and Criteria Please read the 'Structure and Criteria' page for general guidance. Author notes Have you read the author notes on the guidance page? Raw data check Review the raw data. Download from the location described by the author. Image check Check that figures and images have not been inappropriately manipulated. Privacy reminder: If uploading an annotated PDF, remove identifiable information to remain anonymous.
Changes in body composition and other anthropometric measures of female subjects on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) : a pilot study in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa : clinical : adult

Background and objectives. An understanding of the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on various aspects of health, including nutritional status, is needed to ensure that population-specific guidelines can be developed for South Africa. This study aimed to investigate the changes in body composition and other anthropometric measures that occur in HIV-infected women after the initiation of HAART and to explore the relationship between these measures and CD4 lymphocyte count. Design and setting. A longitudinal study was carried out at the Umkhumbane Community Health Centre, KwaZulu-Natal. Subjects. 30 HIV-infected adult women who started HAART between March 2007 and October 2007. Methods. Anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis were performed at baseline and 24 weeks after commencing HAART. CD4 lymphocyte counts were done at baseline and at the 24-week visit. Results. There was a statistically significant increase in all anthropometric measures except waist-hip ratio and lean body mass. The mean weight change (± standard deviation) was 3.4±5.8 kg (p=0.006). Mean body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) increased from 25.6±5.7 to 27.3±5.6 (p=0.007). Seventy per cent of subjects gained weight, 18.5% had a stable weight and 11.1% lost weight. Subjects with lower CD4 lymphocyte counts experienced greater increases in weight, BMI, fat mass and body fat percentage. No significant association was found between anthropometric changes and change in CD4 count between baseline and the 24-week visit. Conclusions. The findings demonstrate the value of including circumference measurements and body composition techniques as part of nutritional status assessment. Research is needed to determine the best methods of bringing about favourable anthropometric changes to enhance the health of patients on HAART. Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine Vol. 9 (4) 2008: pp. 36-42
The Influence of Product Quality , Service Quality and Price to Purchase Decision of SGM Bunda Milk ( Study on PT . Sarihusada Generasi Mahardika Region Jakarta , South Tangerang District )

This study is intended to Analyze the Influence of Product Quality, Quality of Service and Price to the purchase decision. The design of this research is quantitative by using the method. The population of this study is all pregnant women in south Tangerang district, amount of pregnant mother in South Tangerang regency strength 5250 people. The sample size in this study using Slovin formula with α is used is 10%, thus the sample size is 98 people. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis technique. SPSS 20.00 analysis tool. The results of this study are Product Quality, Service Quality and Important and Significant Price to Purchase Decision. There are still other factors affecting the Purchasing Decision apart from the three variables of product Quality, Quality of Servicing, a nd Price.
A comparative study of modified tension brand wiring and cerclage wiring in management of transverse fractures of patella

Management of patellar fractures is controversial. This study compares the results of two commonly used methods of internal fixation for transverse fractures of patella namely cerclage wiring and modified tension band wiring. Outcome of treatment of twenty (20) cases of transverse fractures of patella from the 2 hospitals attached to the MRMC Medical college, Gulbarga, India were studied between March 2003 to February 2005. Group -A consist of 10 cases which were treated with modified tension band wiring and group-B consist of 10 cases treated with cerclage wiring. Union was achieved in all 20 cases results were compared by using modified Bostman scale. Nine out of 10 patients treated with modified tension band (Group-A) has excellent to good results, 7 patients had knee flexion more than 120°, 8 patients had near normal quadriceps power and 1 patient had extensor lag. In group-B which were treated with cerclage 8 out of 10 patients had excellent to good results, 6 of them had knee flexion of more than 120°, 7 of them had near normal quadriceps power and 2 of them developed extensor lag. Out of 20 cases, 3 cases were compound Grade-I. All 3 cases healed satisfactory, one developed infection leading to stiffness. The results were comparable to closed group. Quadriceps wasting were seen in all 20 cases but it was minimal in group-A treated with modified tension band wiring may because of shorter period of immobilization. It was found that the results of all the cases were comparable but cases treated with modified tension band wiring showed better results as compared to cerclage wiring as the stability of implant is better and post operative rehabilitation is faster. Compound grade-I fractures of patella shows good results when treated by internal fixation.
Terms of Trade and Economic Growth in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis

This paper evaluates the impact of terms of trade on economic growth for Pakistan economy. We divided our analysis into two parts. Firstly, this study estimates the relationship between terms of trade and economic growth and further the impact of volatility in terms of trade on economic growth. Secondly, focuses on the export demand and import demand elasticities for Marshall Lerner condition. The ARDL test is used to estimate long run and short run relationship. In empirical estimation, no evidence of significant impact of terms of trade and volatility terms of trade on economic growth in the long run as well as in the short run is found although Marshall Lerner condition holds in Pakistan. A movement in terms of trade can be explained in terms of export demand elasticities and import demand elasticities. Despite of satisfaction of Marshall-Lerner condition; only devaluation of currency may not be advantageous. Under situations where export demand and import demand elasticities are not fully elastic separately; devaluation may not be successful.
THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING AND MOTIVATION MODELS ON STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN MATHEMATICAL LEARNING IN CLASS IV ELEMENTARYSCHOOL

Mathematics learning has so far not developed students' ability to solve problems. This can be seen from the difficulties of students in solving problems found in mathematics subjects. The purpose of this study in general is to examine the effect of PBL models and learning motivation on the mathematics learning outcomes of Class IV of SD Negeri 1 Batang Anai District, Batang Anai District, Pariaman Regency. The method used was a quasi-experimental design with 2x2 factorial design. The experimental and control groups were recruited by purposive random sampling. Data were analyzed by two-way variance t-test and analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences in learning outcomes between students taught with PBL models rather than students taught with conventional approaches, and between groups of students who were high and low motivated learning. There is no significant interaction between PBL models and learning motivation towards learning outcomes.
Factsheet-Sesbania sesban

Shrub or short-lived tree up to 8 m tall. Stem up to 12 cm in diameter, usually pubescent, sometimes becoming glabrous. Leaves, including a short petiole, 2-18 cm long, pinnately compound; leaflets in 6-27 pairs, linear, oblong, up to 26 mm x 5 mm, glabrous or almost so above, sometimes pubescent beneath, often pilose at the margins; stipules narrowly triangular, up to 7 mm long, pubescent. Racemes 2-20 flowered, up to 20 cm long; glabrous or sparsely pilose; peduncle up to 5 cm long; pedicels 4-12 mm long, glabrous. Pod subcylindrical, straight or slightly curved, up to 20-30 cm x 2-5 mm, straw-coloured, often with a brown or reddish-brown blotch over each septum, 10-15 seeded, glabrous . Seed subcylindrical, 3-4.5 mm x 2 mm x 2 mm, olive-green or brown, usually mottled. There are 55-80 seeds/g.
Phenotypic and genomic diversity in Acinetobacter baumannii stains random isolated from 2008 to 2012 in a teaching hospital in Hunan , China

Objective: To investigate genotypes and encoding resistance genes differences of Acinetobacter baumannii and analyze their interrelations with multi-drug resistance. Methods: All 127 Acinetobacter baumannii strains were random collected from the second Xiangya Hospital from 2008 to 2012. The KB method was adopted for the drug sensitivity test. RAPD technique was used to establish DNA fingerprinting. And Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to determine the production of the genes. The relationship between the gene encoding and multi-drug resistance was investigated after gene sequencing. Also, the rates of resistance genes and the relations with the genotype and the multi-resistance. Results: 47 sensitive strains and 80 multi-drug resistance strains were isolated. And seventeen genotypes (A~Q) were obtained. E genotype was the predominant type in multi-drug resistance strains (46/80), mainly derived from the ICU (22/34). The carrying rates of resistant genes in resistance strain were significant differences compared with sensitive strains (P≤0.05), and the proportions were up to a range of 40.0~97.5% except for rmtB. The resistant rate was significantly higher in the strains carrying resistant genes than those without. The lowest resistant rate was cefoperazone/Sulbactam (36.3%), followed by Amikacin (65.2%). Higher resistant rates were noticed in the other antibiotics (75.0~91.3%) in multi-drug resistant strains. Three aminoglycoside genes was simultaneously detected in 27.5% multi-resistant strains, when the strains resistant to gentamicin and amikacin. The strains containing all the measured β-lactamase genes were pan-drug resistant strains. Conclusion: Compared with the sensitive A. baumannii strains, a broad resistance spectrum and a high drug resistance rate were showed in resistance strains isolated from our hospital, which harboring many kinds of β-lactamase genes and aminoglycosides genes with a high separation rate. Also, the same clone of multiple drugresistant strains may transmit within and among wards.