Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complications of Total Hip Arthroplasty Associated with the Use of an Acetabular Component with a Hylamer Liner*

We observed early failure and radiographic signs of accelerated wear as early as one to three years after insertion, without cement, of a metal-backed acetabular component with a liner made of Hylamer (DePuy). This finding prompted us to review a larger cohort of patients in whom that liner had been used. Two hundred and thirty-three components with a Hylamer liner, evaluated at a minimum of two years, had a mean rate of wear of 0.27 millimeter per year compared with 0.12 millimeter per year for a contemporaneous group of fifty acetabular cups with a conventional ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene liner made by another manufacturer. At a mean of 3.2 years, we found a significant difference (p < 0.000000006) between the mean rate of wear (0.20 millimeter per year) when the Hylamer liner articulated with a DePuy modular cobalt-chromium femoral head and the mean rate (0.29 millimeter per year) when the liner articulated with an Osteonics modular cobalt-chromium femoral head. Radiographic evaluation revealed a significant correlation between the total linear wear and the prevalence of osteolytic lesions (r2 = 0.76, linear regression analysis). We found that wear of 1.5 millimeters or more could be detected by the unaided eye. Because of the positive correlation between osteolysis and wear of 1.5 millimeters or more, we defined a hip with a liner that had that amount of wear as a hip at risk. We concluded that the wear characteristics of a Hylamer liner in vivo are inferior to those of a conventional ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene liner. Also, the rate of wear of the liner is greater when the femoral head is from a manufacturer other than DePuy. A patient who has a total hip replacement that includes a Hylamer liner should be monitored frequently for signs of wear and osteolytic changes. Additional investigations, with longer durations of follow-up and larger populations, are needed to understand fully the importance of our findings.
Antihypertensive Medications in Management of Gestational Hypertension-Preeclampsia

182. 85. Faneite PJ, Gonzalez X, Salazar G. Evaluacion de antihipertensiovos en embarazadas: Mepindolol y alfametildopa. Estudio Prospectivo y randomizado [Evaluation of antihypertensives in pregnancy: prospective randomized study of mepindolol and alpha methyldopa]. Revista de Obstetricia y Ginecologia de Venezuela. 1988:139–143. 86. Hall DR, Odendaal HJ, Steyn DW, et al. Nifedipine or prazosin as a second agent to control early severe hypertension in pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial. BJOG. 2000;107:759–765. 87. Kahhale S, Alves EA, Takiuti NH, et al. Efficacy and safety of isradipina and atenolol in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2004;19:98. 88. Loquet P, Renier M, Buytaert P. The influence of atenolol and pindolol on umbilical artery pulsatility index in non-proteinuric hypertension in pregnancy. Proceedings of the 6th International Congress, ISSHP; Montreal, Canada; 1988:Abstract 111. 89. Tuimala RJ, Hartikainen-Sorri AL. Treatment of hypertension during pregnancy by beta blocking agents. Proceedings of the 4th World Congress of the ISSHP; Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 1984:Abstract 52. 90. Hjertberg R, Belfrage P, Hanson U. Conser- vative treatment of mild and moderate hyper- tension in pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1992;71:439–446. 91. Horvath JS, Phippard A, Korda A, et al. Clo- nidine hydrochloride—a safe and effective antihypertensive agent in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1985;66:634–638. 92. Laivuori HM, Laakso M, Tikkanen MJ, et al. Short-term metabolic effects of isradipine and metoprolol in preeclampsia. J Hyper- tens. 1999;17:1189–1194. 93. Montan S, Ingemarsson I, Marsal K, et al. Randomised controlled trial of atenolol and pindolol in human pregnancy: effects on fetal haemodynamics. BMJ. 1992;304: 946–949. 94. Montan S, Anandakumar C, Arulkumaran S, et al. Randomised controlled trial of meth- yldopa and isradipine in preeclampsia— effects on uteroplacental and fetal hemody- namics. J Perinat Med. 1996;24:177–184. 95. Neri I, Valensise H, Facchinetti F, et al. 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor- ing: a comparison between transdermal glyceryl-trinitrate and oral nifedipine. Hy- pertens Pregnancy. 1999;18:107–113. 96. Rudnicki M, Frolich A, Rasmussen WF, et al. The effect of magnesium on maternal blood pressure in pregnancy-induced hyper- tension. A randomized double-blind place- bo-controlled trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1991;70:445–450. 97. Rudnicki M, Frolich A, Pilsgaard K, et al. Comparison of magnesium and methyldopa for the control of blood pressure in pregnan- cies complicated with hypertension. Gyne- col Obstet Invest. 2000;49:231–235. Antihypertensives in Pregnancy Hypertension 459
Elucidation of penetrance variability of a ZIC3 mutation in a family with complex heart defects and functional analysis of ZIC3 mutations in the first zinc finger domain

We studied a series of 42 cases of transposition of the great arteries (TGA), a complex heart defect (CHD) that is two times more prevalent in males than in females. A mutation in the X chromosome at the ZIC3 gene was found in two affected siblings (one male, one female) and their unaffected mother. A second factor, skewed X‐inactivation pattern explained the discrepancy between the daughter/mother phenotype. In this family, the missense mutation (p.W255G) was found in the first zinc finger of ZIC3, a domain that is relatively specific to each of the five human ZIC genes. It was tested further along with two other mutations of this domain (p.C253S and p.H286R). In transfected 3T3 cells, mutants p.W255G and p.H286R expressed lower protein levels, and an increased protein degradation (p.W255G only). Moreover, mutants p.C253S and p.W255G had a decreased transcription activation of the TK‐luciferase reporter gene. Nuclear translocation of the three ZIC3 mutants varied considerably depending on the experimental models. Finally, p.W255G and p.H286R showed diminished activities for both left‐right axis disturbance and neural crest induction in Xenopus embryos. These results suggest that mutations in the first zinc finger of ZIC3 mildly affect several functions of the protein. Hum Mutat 28(6), 563–570, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What’s the Optimal Lipids Level for Dialysis Patients? A Cohort Study from a Chinese Dialysis Center in a University Hospital

Background With lipid level being a major contributing factor for cardiovascular health, the high cardiovascular mortality among dialysis patients has raised substantial concerns in regard to the optimal lipid level in these patient population. Objective To explore the optimal lipid level for the survival of dialysis patients. Methods The lipid profile was measured for each patient. All participants were followed throughout the course of the study. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to analyze the prognostic value of lipid level on the survival of these patients. Results In our study that included 311 stable maintenance dialysis patients, 54.98% of the participants had LDL-C level ≥100 mg/dl and 82.91% of the patients with triglycerides ≥200 mg/dl had non-HDL level ≥130 mg/dl. During the follow-up period of 48.0 (18.0, 55.5) months, 149 (47.91%) participants died. Among those who died, 59 patients died of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 33 patients died of ischemic CVD (12.0, 4.7, and 2.7 events per 100 patient-years, respectively). Patients with LDL-C 100–130 mg/dl or non-HDL 130–160 mg/dl had a lower all-cause mortality rate than those who did not meet these criteria. After adjusting for the traditional and ESRD-related risk factors, non-HDL was found to be the independent risk factor for the all-cause mortality. Compared to those patients with non-HDL 130–160 mg/dl, patients with non-HDL <100 mg/dl, 100–130 mg/dl, 160–190 mg/dl, or ≥190 mg/dl all had higher all-cause mortality: HR (95% CI) 3.207 (1.801, 5.713), 2.493 (1.485, 4.184), 2.476 (1.423, 4.307), and 1.917 (1.099, 3.345), respectively. There were no differences in nutrition, comorbidity, and inflammation indices among the patients with different non-HDL groups. However, patients with non-HDL of 130–160 mg/dl had the lowest corrected calcium and calcium phosphate product values as compared with other non-HDL groups. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that non-HDL 130–160 mg/dl might be the most appropriate lipid level in our dialysis patients. Our follow-up data also showed that patients with higher lipid level had poorer prognosis, just as in the general population.
Functional Recovery and Length of Stay After Hip Fracture in Patients Taking Corticosteroids

Di Monaco M, Vallero F, Di Monaco R, Mautino F, Cavanna A: Functional recovery and length of stay after hip fracture in patients taking corticosteroid. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2004;83:633–639. Objective:To evaluate the functional recovery and the length of stay after hip fracture in patients receiving corticosteroids. Design:A total of 796 inpatients with hip fracture consecutively admitted to our rehabilitation hospital were included in this retrospective study. A total of 36 of 796 were currently treated with either oral (n = 23) or inhaled (n = 13) corticosteroids. Results:No significant differences were shown between corticosteroid users and controls for Barthel index score at admission or discharge, change in Barthel index score resulting from rehabilitation, and length of stay. Multiple regression, including 11 confounding variables, showed that several factors, but not the treatment with corticosteroids, were significantly associated with the Barthel index score or the length of stay. The results were similar when the two subgroups of patients receiving corticosteroids were evaluated separately. In the subgroup of the patients receiving oral corticosteroids, no meaningful correlations were observed between the daily dose (milligrams of prednisone equivalent) and the Barthel index score, the change in the Barthel index score attributable to rehabilitation, or the length of stay. Conclusions:After hip fracture, neither the functional recovery nor the length of stay were significantly affected by the current treatment with corticosteroids.
Comorbidities Associated with Constipation in Children Referred for Colon Manometry May Mask Functional Diagnoses

Background: In children with prolonged constipation of unclear pathogenesis or unresponsive to treatment, colon manometry can discriminate between functional fecal retention (FFR) and colon neuromuscular diseases. Aim: To identify the clinical features precipitating referral for colon manometry in children with functional constipation. Method: Retrospective medical record review of 173 constipated children (116 male, mean age 6.9 years, range 1-17 years) referred for colon manometry. Results: Manometry was normal in 121 (70%). In those with normal manometry, FFR was identified in 96, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in 10, and functional constipation in 15. Of the 96 children FFR, 72 (76%) had comorbid conditions that might have interfered with the clinician's ability to diagnose FFR. Of 52 children with colon neuromuscular disease, only 12 (23%) had comorbid conditions (P < 0.001 compared with FFR). Of children more than 4 years, those with FFR were more likely to have fecal incontinence (44 of 62; 71%) than those with other functional disorders (2 of 19; 10%; P < 0.001) or neuromuscular disease (6 of 23; 26%; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Two thirds of children referred for colon manometry had normal studies and met criteria for a functional diagnosis. Three quarters of those with functional constipation had a comorbid condition that might alter the history sufficiently to obscure the diagnosis.
Plasma-transforming growth factor-alpha expression in residents of an arseniasis area in Taiwan

Abstract Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between long-term exposure to inorganic arsenic and the related adverse effects such as cancers, skin lesions, and vascular diseases. Although several hypotheses have been proposed for the mechanism of arsenic-induced pathogenesis, it remains imperfectly understood. Recent studies have suggested that alterations in growth signal transduction pathways, particularly involving transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), may be important. Immunoassays were used to determine the plasma levels of TGF-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is the receptor for TGF-alpha, in residents of an arseniasis area of Taiwan in relation to their estimated cumulative arsenic exposure from drinking water. No relationship between arsenic exposure and EGFR was found. However, among the high cumulative exposure group (>6 ppm-years), levels of plasma TGF-alpha (25.5±38.2 pg ml−1) and the proportion of individuals with TGF-alpha over-expression (29.4%) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than normal, healthy unexposed controls (8.1±5.6 pg ml−1, 8.6%, respectively). There was a significant linear trend between cumulative arsenic exposure and the prevalence of plasma TGF-alpha over-expression after adjusting for age and sex (p=0.019). The results suggest that plasma TGF-alpha expression may be a useful biomarker when detecting adverse effects on arsenic exposed population.
Phylogenetic relationships of three genera in Anacardiaceae: Bonetiella, Pseudosmodingium, and Smodingium

Phylogenetic analyses were conducted to determine the relationships between and characterize the morphological variation among three genera of Anacardiaceae:Bonetiella, Pseudosmodingium, andSmodingium. The first two genera are endemic to Mexico and the third to South Africa.Bonetiella andSmodingium are monotypic.Pseudosmodingium has eight species, six extant and two fossil, and all were included in the analyses. Fifty-six anatomical characters for leaves, wood, and fruit, as well as morphological characters, were considered. Our results indicate thatSmodingium is not closely related toPseudosmodingium andBonetiella, and that these last two genera are sister taxa.Pseudosmodingium is a monophyletic group and the two fossil species are related to species from the same geographical area of central Mexico where they were found. Fruit anatomical characters were significant at the generic level, while leaf anatomical characters were important at the species level inPseudosmodingium.ResumenEn este trabajo se llevaron a cabo análisis filogenéticos para determinar las relaciones filogenéticas así como caracterizar la variación morfológica de tres géneros de Anacardiaceae:Bonetiella, Pseudosmodingium ySmodingium. Los dos primeros son endémicos a México y el terceroo a Sudáfrica. Bonetiella ySmodingium son monotípicos. Pseudosmodingium incluye ocho especies, dos fósiles y el resto vivientes, y todas fueron consideradas en los análisis. Se consideraron 56 caracteres tanto anatómicos como morfológicos de hojas, madera y frutos. Nuestros resultados indican queSmodingium no está cercanamente relacionado aPseudosmodingium yBonetiella, y que estos dos últimos géneros son taxa hermanos.Pseudosmodingium es un grupo monofilético y las dos especies fósiles están relacionadas a especies que crecen en las mismas áreas geográficas del centro de México, donde fueron descubiertas. Los caracteres anatómicos del fruto fueron significativos a nivel genérico, mientras que los de hoja fueron importantes a nivel de especies enPseudosmodingium.
Effects of short‐term mild hypercapnia during head‐down tilt on intracranial pressure and ocular structures in healthy human subjects

Many astronauts experience ocular structural and functional changes during long‐duration spaceflight, including choroidal folds, optic disc edema, globe flattening, optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) distension, retinal nerve fiber layer thickening, and decreased visual acuity. The leading hypothesis suggests that weightlessness‐induced cephalad fluid shifts increase intracranial pressure (ICP), which contributes to the ocular structural changes, but elevated ambient CO2 levels on the International Space Station may also be a factor. We used the spaceflight analog of 6° head‐down tilt (HDT) to investigate possible mechanisms for ocular changes in eight male subjects during three 1‐h conditions: Seated, HDT, and HDT with 1% inspired CO2 (HDT + CO2). Noninvasive ICP, intraocular pressure (IOP), translaminar pressure difference (TLPD = IOP‐ICP), cerebral and ocular ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans of the macula and the optic disc were obtained. Analysis of one‐carbon pathway genetics previously associated with spaceflight‐induced ocular changes was conducted. Relative to Seated, IOP and ICP increased and TLPD decreased during HDT. During HDT + CO2 IOP increased relative to HDT, but there was no significant difference in TLPD between the HDT conditions. ONSD and subfoveal choroidal thickness increased during HDT relative to Seated, but there was no difference between HDT and HDT + CO2. Visual acuity and ocular structures assessed with OCT imaging did not change across conditions. Genetic polymorphisms were associated with differences in IOP, ICP, and end‐tidal PCO2. In conclusion, acute exposure to mild hypercapnia during HDT did not augment cardiovascular outcomes, ICP, or TLPD relative to the HDT condition.
Effect of lung inflation level on hyperpolarized 3He apparent diffusion coefficient measurements in never-smokers.

PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of lung volume differences on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements on a regional basis, with breath holds at volumes adjusted for differences in lung size across individuals according to the subject's vital capacity (VC). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the local institutional review board and was compliant with HIPAA. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Imaging was performed under a physician's Investigational New Drug application from the Food and Drug Administration. ADC changes as a function of inflation levels were evaluated in 24 healthy never-smokers across three lung volumes (20%, 60%, and 100% VC) on the basis of the spirometric data collected from each subject. Response variables based on lung volume and anatomic position were assessed with multifactorial analysis of variance followed by posthoc pair-wise testing. Imaging was performed with a 1.5-T magnetic resonance (MR) unit with use of a two-dimensional gradient-echo fast low-angle shot sequence. RESULTS Significant differences in ADCs between lung volumes were observed for all inflation levels (20%, 60%, and 100% VC; P < .001), along with significant dependent-nondependent vertical gradients at 20% VC (P < .0001) and 60% VC (P < .0001, left lung only). In addition, significant differences between mean values in the left and right lungs with respect to those in the whole lung were observed at the lower lung inflation levels (20% and 60% VC, P < .01), reaching more uniform expansion at 100% VC. CONCLUSION The results confirm known anatomic differences in patterns of regional inflation and ventilation with corresponding lung volume changes, emphasizing the need for tight control over lung volume when performing hyperpolarized helium 3 ((3)He) lung studies if (3)He MR imaging is to be used to follow up small longitudinal changes in lung abnormalities.
Ecological study of the wood mouse helminth community in a burned Mediterranean ecosystem in regeneration five years after a wildfire

Parasites are used as biological tags in environmental impact studies. However, terrestrial systems in general and small mammals in particular are rarely considered in these ecological studies. Based on the effects of a wildfire which occurred in the Spanish Serra Calderona Natural Park — a typical Mediterranean ecosystem — the regeneration process of the wood mouse population and its helminth community is analysed. A total of 217 individuals of Apodemus sylvaticus were studied in a five year period, from the second to the fifth post-fire year: 152 mice originating from the burned area and 65 from the control — non-burned — area. The helminth community for both burned and non-burned areas as well as the effect of intrinsic (host age and sex) and extrinsic (site, period and season of capture) factors on helminth prevalences and abundances were analysed. Taking into account the most important results of this study, various aspects of the helminth community dynamics of the wood mouse are postulated as biological tags of the environmental impact of a wildfire, such as the changes in the frequency distribution of the helminth species, the higher diversity in the burned area, and the prevalences of helminth species having biological cycles directly affected by climatic conditions and the vegetal regeneration process. Consequently, the helminth species of A. sylvaticus should be considered suitable biological tags of environmental perturbations, such as a wildfire, and the wood mouse/helminth model can be applied to predict the consequences for helminth species in general.
Sensitivity and Specificity of the ViroSeq Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Genotyping System for Detection of HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations by Use of an ABI PRISM 3100 Genetic Analyzer

ABSTRACT The ViroSeq human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotyping system is an integrated system for identification of drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase (RT). Reagents are included for sample preparation, reverse transcription, PCR amplification, and sequencing. Software is provided to assemble and edit sequence data and to generate a drug resistance report. We determined the sensitivity and specificity of the ViroSeq system for mutation detection using an ABI PRISM 3100 genetic analyzer with a set of clinical samples and recombinant viruses. Twenty clinical plasma samples (viral loads, 1,800 to 10,500 copies/ml) were characterized by cloning and sequencing individual viral variants. Twelve recombinant-virus samples (viral loads, approximately 2,000 to 5,000 copies/ml) were also prepared. Eleven recombinant-virus samples contained drug resistance mutations as 40% mixtures. One recombinant-virus sample contained an insertion at codon 69 in RT (100% mutant). Plasma and recombinant-virus samples were analyzed using the ViroSeq system. Each sample was analyzed on three consecutive days at each of three testing laboratories. The sensitivity of mutation detection was 99.65% for the clinical plasma samples and 99.7% for the recombinant-virus preparations. The specificity of mutation detection was 99.95% for the clinical samples and 100% for the recombinant-virus mixtures. The base calling accuracy of the 3100 instrument was 99.91%. Mutations in clinical plasma samples and recombinant-virus samples were detected with high sensitivity and specificity, including mutations present as mixtures. This report supports the use of the ViroSeq system for identification of drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 protease and RT genes.