Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecological Modernization and Its Critics: Assessing the Past and Looking Toward the Future

The theory of ecological modernization has received growing attention over the past decade, but in the process, it has been interpreted in conflicting and sometimes contradictory ways. In this article, we attempt to bring greater clarity to the discussion. Reviewing the works both by the theory's best-known proponents and by its most outspoken critics, we note that difficulties are created not just by the combining of theoretical predictions and policy prescriptions - a point that has already been noted in the literature - but also by the stark and highly significant differences in expectations between ecological modernization and most prevailing theories of society-environment relationships. Perhaps in part because of these differences, disagreements have often been expressed in stark, black-and-white terms. If the problems are to be resolved, there will be a need for greater theoretical precision, developed in conjunction with empirical research that is more focused, more finely differentiated, and more.
New data on the natural history and morphometrics of Lutreolina crassicaudata (Didelphimorphia) from central-eastern Argentina

We provide new data on the natural history and morphometrics of one of the least studied didelphid marsupial species, Lutreolina crassicaudata. Field work was conducted in central-eastern Argentina during two consecutive years. Juveniles and sub-adults were captured during summer and autumn. Reproduction showed seasonality with a continuous breeding period from spring to summer (September to February). The analysis of 17 scats belonging to 17 individuals showed mainly seeds and vegetal remains, as well as amphib- ians, birds and invertebrates. Sexual dimorphism in juveniles and sub-adults was registered for the first time, being males larger and heavier than females .
Undecidability in Rn: Riddled Basins, the KAM Tori, and the Stability of the Solar System

Some have suggested that certain classical physical systems have undecidable long‐term behavior, without specifying an appropriate notion of decidability over the reals. We introduce such a notion, decidability in μ (or d‐ μ) for any measure μ, which is particularly appropriate for physics and in some ways more intuitive than Ko’s (1991) recursive approximability (r.a.). For Lebesgue measure λ, d‐ λ implies r.a. Sets with positive λ‐measure that are sufficiently “riddled” with holes are never d‐ λ but are often r.a. This explicates Sommerer and Ott’s (1996) claim of uncomputable behavior in a system with riddled basins of attraction. Furthermore, it clarifies speculations that the stability of the solar system (and similar systems) may be undecidable, for the invariant tori established by KAM theory form sets that are not d‐ λ.
Constructing a social subject

This article examines three key aetiological theories of autism (meta-representations, executive dysfunction and weak central coherence), which emerged within cognitive psychology in the latter half of the 1980s. Drawing upon Foucault’s notion of ‘forms of possible knowledge’, and in particular his concept of savoir or depth knowledge, two key claims are made. First, it is argued that a particular production of autism became available to questions of truth and falsity following a radical reconstruction of ‘the social’ in which human sociality was taken both to exclusively concern interpersonal interaction and to be continuous with non-social cognition. Second, it is suggested that this reconstruction of the social has affected the contemporary cultural experience of autism, shifting attention towards previously unacknowledged cognitive aspects of the condition. The article concludes by situating these claims in relation to other historical accounts of the emergence of autism and ongoing debates surrounding changing articulations of social action in the psy disciplines.
Response of Young-of-the-Year Cutthroat Trout to Manipulation of Habitat Structure in a Small Stream

Abstract In Mack Creek, a third-order stream flowing through a 450-year-old coniferous forest in Oregon's Cascade Mountains, population size of young-of-the-year cutthroat trout Salmo clarki was positively correlated with length of stream edge and area of lateral habitat. Lateral habitats included backwaters and eddies at the margin of the channel that made up 10–15% of total stream area. Lateral habitat area was reduced at higher or lower streamflow, but the length of channel perimeter formed by lateral habitats was never less than twice the length of the reach. In an experimental manipulation of lateral habitat before the emergence of young fish from the redd, an increase in lateral habitat area of 2.4 times the area observed in control reaches resulted in a 2.2-times greater density of age-0 cutthroat trout. Young-of-the-year fish were virtually eliminated from stream sections with reduced area of lateral habitat. Growth was not affected by the greater density of fish in reaches with enhanced lateral h.
MASS ESTIMATES OF A GIANT PLANET IN A PROTOPLANETARY DISK FROM THE GAP STRUCTURES

A giant planet embedded in a protoplanetary disk forms a gap. An analytic relationship among the gap depth, planet mass Mp, disk aspect ratio hp, and viscosity α has been found recently, and the gap depth can be written in terms of a single parameter K = ( M p / M * ) 2 h p − 5 &agr; − 1 ? > . We discuss how observed gap features can be used to constrain the disk and/or planet parameters based on the analytic formula for the gap depth. The constraint on the disk aspect ratio is critical in determining the planet mass so the combination of the observations of the temperature and the image can provide a constraint on the planet mass. We apply the formula for the gap depth to observations of HL Tau and HD 169142. In the case of HL Tau, we propose that a planet with ≳ 0.3 ? > MJ is responsible for the observed gap at 30 AU from the central star based on the estimate that the gap depth is ≲ 1 / 3 ? > . In the case of HD 169142, the planet mass that causes the gap structure recently found by VLA is ≳ 0.4 M J ? > . We also argue that the spiral structure, if observed, can be used to estimate the lower limit of the disk aspect ratio and the planet mass.
The role of CMV in glioblastoma and implications for immunotherapeutic strategies

ABSTRACT Controversy surrounds the role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in glioblastoma (GBM). However, several studies have shown that CMV nucleic acids and proteins are present within GBM tumor tissue. CMV has been implicated in GBM pathogenesis by affecting tumor stem cell factors, angiogenesis and immune pathways. Anti-viral therapy has not been found to definitively improve outcomes for patients with GBM. Several studies have leveraged CMV by targeting CMV antigens using ex-vivo expanded T cells or dendritic cell vaccines. The initial results from these studies are promising and larger studies are underway.
Stellar, brown dwarf and multiple star properties from a radiation hydrodynamical simulation of star cluster formation

We report the statistical properties of stars, brown dwarfs and multiple systems obtained from the largest radiation hydrodynamical simulation of star cluster formation to date that resolves masses down to the opacity limit for fragmentation (a few Jupiter masses). The initial conditions are identical to those of previous barotropic calculations published by Bate, but this time the calculation is performed using a realistic equation of state and radiation hydrodynamics. The calculation uses sink particles to model 183 stars and brown dwarfs, including 28 binaries and 12 higher-order multiple systems, the properties of which are compared to the results from observational surveys. We find that the radiation hydrodynamical/sink particle simulation reproduces many observed stellar properties very well. In particular, whereas using a barotropic equation of state produces more brown dwarfs than stars, the inclusion of radiative feedback results in a stellar mass function and a ratio of brown dwarfs to stars in good agreement with observations of Galactic star-forming regions. In addition, many of the other statistical properties of the stars and brown dwarfs are in reasonable agreement with observations, including multiplicity as a function of primary mass, the frequency of very low mass binaries, and general trends for the mass ratio and separation distributions of binaries. We also examine the velocity dispersion of the stars, the distributions of disc truncation radii due to dynamical interactions, and coplanarity of orbits and sink particle spins in multiple systems. Overall, the calculation produces a cluster of stars whose statistical properties are difficult to distinguish from observed systems, implying that gravity, hydrodynamics and radiative feedback are the primary ingredients for determining the origin of the statistical properties of low-mass stars.
Guidelines for Ethical Nudging in Password Authentication

Nudging has been adopted by many disciplines in the last decade in order to achieve behavioural change. Information security is no exception. A number of attempts have been made to nudge end-users towards stronger passwords. Here we report on our deployment of an enriched nudge displayed to participants on the system enrolment page, when a password has to be chosen. The enriched nudge was successful in that participants chose significantly longer and stronger passwords. One thing that struck us as we designed and tested this nudge was that we were unable to find any nudge-specific ethical guidelines to inform our experimentation in this context. This led us to reflect on the ethical implications of nudge testing, specifically in the password authentication context. We mined the nudge literature and derived a number of core principles of ethical nudging. We tailored these to the password authentication context, and then show how they can be applied by assessing the ethics of our own nudge. We conclude with a set of preliminary guidelines derived from our study to inform other researchers planning to deploy nudge-related techniques in this context.
Toward a Life Span Theory of Close Relationships: The Affective Relationships Model

This article addresses how close relationships can be conceptualized so that they can be accurately understood over the life span. First, two typical clusters of theories of close relationships, the attachment theory and the social network theory, are compared and discussed with regard to their fundamental but controversial assumptions regarding the scope of lifelong development. Second, previous research into close relationships among mature adults is reviewed. Third, a new social network model, the affective relationships model, and its assessment instrument are proposed. This model describes the nature of individual close relationships consisting of multiple significant others, and condenses the complexity of each social network by typological classifications. Fourth, new evidence based on the model is reviewed. Finally, fundamental assumptions about close relationships and emerging topics for future studies are discussed.
Individual Minke Whale Recognition Using Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Networks

The only known predictable aggregation of dwarf minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata subsp.) occurs in the Australian offshore waters of the northern Great Barrier Reef in May-August each year. The identification of individual whales is required for research on the whales’ population characteristics and for monitoring the potential impacts of tourism activities, including commercial swims with the whales. At present, it is not cost-effective for researchers to manually process and analyze the tens of thousands of underwater images collated after each observation/tourist season, and a large data base of historical non-identified imagery exists. This study reports the first proof of concept for recognizing individual dwarf minke whales using the Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The “off-the-shelf” Image net-trained VGG16 CNN was used as the feature-encoder of the perpixel sematic segmentation Automatic Minke Whale Recognizer (AMWR). The most frequently photographed whale in a sample of 76 individual whales (MW1020) was identified in 179 images out of the total 1320 images provid-ed. Training and image augmentation procedures were developed to compen-sate for the small number of available images. The trained AMWR achieved 93% prediction accuracy on the testing subset of 36 positive/MW1020 and 228 negative/not-MW1020 images, where each negative image contained at least one of the other 75 whales. Furthermore on the test subset, AMWR achieved 74% precision, 80% recall, and 4% false-positive rate, making the presented approach comparable or better to other state-of-the-art individual animal recognition results.
The effect of ethnicity and acculturation on African-American food purchases

All consumers have multiple sources of identity, some related to the roles they play, some related to their ethnic heritage, and some related to where they live and grow up. Successful marketing and advertising strategies generally meet the economic and cultural needs of buyers, while also identifying with the set of values that is significant to that specific targeted consumer segment. The authors focus on ethnic groups, and more specifically, the African-American community. This research looks at the effects of two components of culture, ethnic identity and acculturation, on purchase behavior, as well as other, “intermediate” marketing measures (e.g., attitude toward an ad). Although research on marketing to ethnic groups has made great strides in the last 30 years, the variance within ethnic groups has not been extensively studied. We run a 2 factorial-design experiment with several dependent measures to address the effects of the level of ethnic identity and acculturation of African-Americans, as well as various interaction effects.
The effects of capillary forces on the axisymmetric propagation of two-phase, constant-flux gravity currents in porous media

The effects of capillary forces on the propagation of two-phase, constant-flux gravity currents in a porous medium are studied analytically and numerically in an axisymmetric geometry. The fluid within a two-phase current generally only partially saturates the pore space it invades. For long, thin currents, the saturation distribution is set by the vertical balance between gravitational and capillary forces. The capillary pressure and relative permeability of the fluid in the current depend on this saturation. The action of capillary forces reduces the average saturation, thereby decreasing the relative permeability throughout the current. This results in a thicker current, which provides a steeper gradient to drive flow, and a more blunt-nose profile. The relative strength of gravity and capillary forces remains constant within a two-phase gravity current fed by a constant flux and spreading radially, due to mass conservation. For this reason, we use an axisymmetric representation of the framework develo.
Dynamic Feature Generation Network for Answer Selection

Extracting appropriate features to represent a corpus is an important task for textual mining. Previous attention based work usually enhance feature at the lexical level, which lacks the exploration of feature augmentation at the sentence level. In this paper, we exploit a Dynamic Feature Generation Network (DFGN) to solve this problem. Specifically, DFGN generates features based on a variety of attention mechanisms and attaches features to sentence representation. Then a thresholder is designed to filter the mined features automatically. DFGN extracts the most significant characteristics from datasets to keep its practicability and robustness. Experimental results on multiple well-known answer selection datasets show that our proposed approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines. We give a detailed analysis of the experiments to illustrate why DFGN provides excellent retrieval and interpretative ability.
How do Clusters/Pipelines and Core/Periphery Structures Work Together in Knowledge Processes?

This paper contributes to the empirical identification of geographical and structural properties of innovative networks, focusing on the particular case of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) at the European level. We show that knowledge bases of organizations and knowledge phases of the innovation process are the critical factors in determining the nature of the interplay between structural and geographical features of knowledge networks. Developing a database of R&D collaborative projects of the 5th and 6th European Framework Programs, we propose a methodology based on social network analysis. Its originality consists in starting from a bimodal network, in order to deduce two affiliation matrixes that allow us to study both the properties of the organization network and the properties of the project network. The results are discussed in the light of the mutual influence of the cognitive, structural and geographical dimensions on knowledge production and diffusion, and in the light of the knowledge drivers that give rise to the coexistence of a relational core-periphery structure with a geographical cluster and pipeline structure.
What evidence is necessary in studies which separate root and shoot competition along productivity gradients?

The experimental study of plant competition has led to substantial disagreements on numerous issues (e.g. Keddy 1989; Grace & Tilman 1990; Grime et al. 2001). Resolution of the related methodological debates, with an emphasis on achieving better concordance between experimental design and the specific questions of interest, should allow for an improved understanding of the role of competition in natural communities ( sensu Connolly et al . 2001). Field studies which isolate either or both of root and shoot competition are often initiated to determine whether the strength of the two competitive forms varies along an environmental gradient (e.g. Wilson & Tilman 1991, 1993; Belcher et al . 1995; Twolan-Strutt & Keddy 1996; Peltzer et al . 1998; Cahill 1999), and whether they interact in a nonadditive manner (e.g. Dillenburg et al . 1993; Cahill 1999). Among the issues raised in debate over appropriate methodologies for such studies (Grubb 1994; Cahill 1999; McPhee & Aarssen 2000), are (i) whether we need full separation of aboveand below-ground interactions between neighbouring plants to obtain accurate measures of the relative importance of root and shoot competition, and (ii) whether we must measure responses to such competition in both aboveand below-ground plant parts. In other words, does the experimental act of separating root and shoot interactions necessitate a more complex approach and set of data than is considered adequate in studies that simply manipulate the presence of whole plant competitors? If we are interested in root and shoot competition, our first reaction to both these issues might be ‘yes’, but are these obvious answers necessarily correct? Depending upon the specific questions being tested, using above-ground responses (e.g. shoot biomass) to measure root competition may be no worse than the common practice of using above-ground responses to measure the combined effects of root and shoot competition (e.g. Reader et al . 1994; Berkowitz et al . 1995; McLellan et al . 1997; Emery et al . 2001; Foster 2001; Howard & Goldberg, 2001). I will argue that, in some situations, using total plant biomass to estimate the effects of root competition may actually be less accurate than measures of shoot biomass alone.         ⁄  
Universal contact of strongly interacting fermions at finite temperatures

The recently discovered universal thermodynamic behavior of dilute, strongly interacting Fermi gases also implies a universal structure in the many-body pair-correlation function at short distances, as quantified by the contact . Here, we theoretically calculate the temperature dependence of this universal contact for a Fermi gas in free space and in a harmonic trap. At high temperatures above the Fermi degeneracy temperature, T≳TF, we obtain a reliable non-perturbative quantum virial expansion up to third order. At low temperatures, we compare different approximate strong-coupling theories. These make different predictions, which need to be tested either by future experiments or by advanced quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We conjecture that in the universal unitarity limit, the contact or correlation decreases monotonically with increasing temperature, unless the temperature is significantly lower than the critical temperature, T≪Tc∼0.2TF. We also discuss briefly how to measure the universal contact in either homogeneous or harmonically trapped Fermi gases.
Climate, tectonics or morphology: what signals can we see in drainage basin sediment yields?

Abstract. Sediment yields from river basins are typically considered to be controlled by tectonic and climatic drivers. However, climate and tectonics can operate simultaneously and the impact of autogenic processes scrambling or shredding these inputs can make it hard to unpick the role of these drivers from the sedimentary record. Thus an understanding of the relative dominance of climate, tectonics or other processes in the output of sediment from a basin is vital. Here, we use a numerical landscape evolution model (CAESAR) to specifically examine the relative impact of climate change, tectonic uplift (instantaneous and gradual) and basin morphology on sediment yield. Unexpectedly, this shows how the sediment signal from significant rates of uplift (10 m instant or 25 mm a−1) may be lost due to internal storage effects within even a small basin. However, the signal from modest increases in rainfall magnitude (10–20%) can be seen in increases in sediment yield. In addition, in larger basins, tectonic inputs can be significantly diluted by regular delivery from non-uplifted parts of the basin.
Genetic relationship between lactation persistency and conformation traits in Polish Holstein-Friesian cow population.

The objective of this study was to find genetic relationships between lactation persistency and conformation traits of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. The data were derived from SYMLEK – the Polish National Database. The analysis used 22 conformation traits and 3 persistency measures of 18 216 first lactation cows. Persistency was defined as milk yield in the second 100 days in milk (DIM) divided by the yield in the first 100 DIM, milk yield in the third 100 DIM divided by the yield in the first 100 DIM, and milk yield at 280 DIM divided by milk yield at 60 DIM. The lactation curve was modelled with fourth-order Legendre polynomials using a multiple-trait prediction method. The multiple-trait REML method was applied for (co)variance component estimation. The linear model for persistency included fixed effects of herd-year-season of calving, age of calving class, and random animal effect; the linear model for type traits included fixed effects of herd-year-season of calving-classifier, age of calving class, lactation stage, and random animal effect. Stature and composite type traits (except type and conformation) were moderately or strongly genetically correlated with each of the three persistency measures. Genetic correlations of lactation persistency with overall feet and leg score and overall udder score were high and positive, whereas the correlations with stature and size were high but negative. All linearly scored traits had little genetic relationship with persistency measures except for rear udder height, udder width, and foot angle. In these three cases the genetic correlations with persistency measures were relatively high, positive, and preferable. The obtained genetic correlations suggest that increased weights of composite traits like size, overall feet and leg score, and overall udder score in the selection index, as well as selection for better rear udder height and foot angle, might cause a favourable correlated response in persistency.