Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Cup Positioning with the CT-Based 2 D-3 D Matched Navigation System : 1 A Prospective , Randomized and Controlled Study 2 3 4

Accuracy of Cup Positioning with the CT-Based 2D-3D Matched Navigation System: 1 A Prospective, Randomized and Controlled Study 2 3 4 Kazuki Yamada, MD, Hirosuke Endo, MD, PhD, Tomonori Tetsunaga, MD, PhD, Takamasa 5 Miyake, MD, Tomoaki Sanki, MD, Toshifumi Ozaki, MD, PhD 6 7 a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, 8 and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama City, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan. 9 10 * Corresponding author: Hirosuke Endo 11 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama City, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan 12 E-mail; hirosukeendol@yahoo.co.jp 13
Soil‐surface CO2 efflux and its spatial and temporal variations in a young ponderosa pine plantation in northern California

Soil‐surface CO2 efflux and its spatial and temporal variations were examined in an 8‐y‐old ponderosa pine plantation in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California from June 1998 to August 1999. Continuous measurements of soil CO2 efflux, soil temperatures and moisture were conducted on two 20 × 20 m sampling plots. Microbial biomass, fine root biomass, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil were also measured at each of the 18 sampling locations on the plots. It was found that the mean soil CO2 efflux in the plantation was 4.43 µmol m−2 s−1 in the growing season and 3.12 µmol m−2 s−1 in the nongrowing season. These values are in the upper part of the range of published soil‐surface CO2 efflux data. The annual maximum and minimum CO2 efflux were 5.87 and 1.67 µmol m−2 s−1, respectively, with the maximum occurring between the end of May and early June and the minimum in December. The diurnal fluctuation of CO2 efflux was relatively small (< 20%) with the minimum appearing around 09.00 hours and the maximum around 14.00 hours. Using daytime measurements of soil CO2 efflux tends to overestimate the daily mean soil CO2 efflux by 4–6%. The measurements taken between 09.00 and 11.00 hours (local time) seem to better represent the daily mean with a reduced sampling error of 0.9–1.5%. The spatial variation of soil CO2 efflux among the 18 sampling points was high, with a coefficient of variation of approximately 30%. Most (84%) of the spatial variation was explained by fine root biomass, microbial biomass, and soil physical and chemical properties. Although soil temperature and moisture explained most of the temporal variations (76–95%) of soil CO2 efflux, the two variables together explained less than 34% of the spatial variation. Microbial biomass, fine root biomass, soil nitrogen content, organic matter content, and magnesium content were significantly and positively correlated with soil CO2 efflux, whereas bulk density and pH value were negatively correlated with CO2 efflux. The relationship between soil CO2 efflux and soil temperature was significantly controlled by soil moisture with a Q10 value of 1.4 when soil moisture was <14% and 1.8 when soil moisture was >14%. Understanding the spatial and temporal variations is essential to accurately assessment of carbon budget at whole ecosystem and landscape scales. Thus, this study bears important implications for the study of large‐scale ecosystem dynamics, particularly in response to climatic variations and management regimes.
Reproductive strategies and natural history of the arboreal Neotropical vesper mouse, Nyctomys sumichrasti

Abstract The vesper mouse, Nyctomys sumichrasti (Rodentia: Cricetidae), a poorly known, arboreal, nocturnal, rodent found in Central America, has been considered rare, and limited information is available about its biology, especially reproduction. We obtained vesper mice from several sites in Costa Rica and prepared them as scientific specimens with standard external measurements and reproductive data recorded. We expanded our dataset by including specimens from museum collections. Vesper mice have 1:1 sex ratios throughout their range. They reproduce year-round and litters may occur in rapid succession. Testis size is positively correlated with body mass; however, we could not determine the onset of sperm production. The onset of reproduction for females, based on mass, is variable but most females are parous by 60 g. Litter size is small with a mode of two, and embryos are not evenly distributed across the uterine horns. Vesper mice exhibit striking morphological differences in terms of tooth-wear and pelage patterns across their range. Much work is needed to fully appreciate N. sumichrasti, its role in tropical habitats, and its reproductive biology.
The Problem of Self-Induced Death : An Evolutionary Conundrum

Altruistic suicide is best known in the context of programmed cell death (PCD) in multicellular individuals, which is understood as an adaptive process that contributes to the development and functionality of the organism. After the realization that PCDlike processes can also be induced in single-celled lineages, the paradigm of altruistic cell death has been extended to include these active cell death processes in unicellular organisms. Here, we critically evaluate the current conceptual framework and the experimental data used to support the notion of altruistic suicide in unicellular lineages, and propose new perspectives. We argue that importing the paradigm of altruistic cell death from multicellular organisms to explain active death in unicellular lineages has the potential to limit the types of questions we ask, thus biasing our understanding of the nature, origin, and maintenance of this trait. We also emphasize the need to distinguish between the benefits and the adaptive role of a trait. Lastly, we provide an alternative framework that allows for the possibility that active death in single-celled organisms is a maladaptive trait maintained as a byproduct of selection on pro-survival functions, but that could—under conditions in which kin/group selection can act—be co-opted into an altruistic trait.
Enhancing quality assurance through teachers' effectiveness

There is the tendency to think that factors of teachers’ effectiveness could be defined in terms of teacher characteristics, his experiences, his cognitive and affective properties, the conditions to which he has to adjust and the characteristics of the school, classroom and student. Although each of these characteristics may contribute to teacher’s success, they are not the substance of effective teaching. A proper conceptualization of teaching and teacher’s effectiveness as a yardstick for quality assurance is necessary for a better understanding of what makes a teacher to be effective. It is believed that observational techniques as a strategy could go a long way in making teacher to be effective. This explains why this paper examined how to enhance quality assurance through teacher’s effectiveness. To achieve this, one hundred primary school teachers were personally observed in their classes for a period of 30 minutes each. The instrument employed was tagged classroom interaction sheet (CIS) which consisted of seven categories (A ‐ G) . Two research hypotheses were postulated and t-test and ANOVA statistical analyses were employed. The results indicated variance in the behavioural categories observed. The observational techniques as a means of enhancing quality assurance therefore are advocated for further studies.
Total and marketable fruit yield of strawberry plants grown under different levels of nitrogen fertility and inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense REC 3

The aim of this work was to evaluate the agronomic response of strawberry plants (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense as a biotechnological alternative to reduce or complement the plant nitrogen-fertilization under field conditions. The field trial was carried out in the province of Tucumán, Argentina, inoculating or not strawberry plants (cv. ‘Camino Real’) with A. brasilense REC3 and applying or not nitrogenfertilization. Treatments consisted in plants cultivated under different nitrogen fertilization (0%, 50%, 100%) with or without bacterial inoculation. The variables assessed were: SPAD relative values, total and marketable fruit yield, and growth index. As a result, it was observed that A. brasilense REC3 contributed positively to the nitrogennutrition of strawberry plants growing at field conditions, expressed in the values of the variables assessed.
Minsky ” Anno 2012 n . 2 Systemic financial fragility and the monetary circuit : a stock-flow consistent Minskian approach

In the last few years, a number of scholars has referred to the crop of contributions of Hyman P. Minsky as „required reading‟ for understanding the tendency of capitalist economies to fall into recurring crises. However, the so-called „financial instability hypothesis‟ of Minsky relies on muchdisputed assumptions. Moreover, Minsky‟s analysis of capitalism must be updated on the basis of the deep changes which, during the last three decades, have concerned the world economy. In order to overcome these theoretical difficulties, the paper supplies a simplified, but consistent, re-formulation of some of the most disputed aspects of Minsky‟s theory by cross-breeding it with inputs from the current Post-Keynesian literature. This allows us to analyze (within a simplified stock-flow consistent monetary circuit-model) the impact of both „capital-asset inflation‟ and consumer credit on the financial „soundness‟ of a monetary economy of production,.
Relationship Among Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Renewal Intentions in Recreation Theme Park in Greece

Theme parks are a very popular form of recreation around the world. They are focused on one or more central themes and they are expected to attract significant investing interest in the following years. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of service quality concerning the satisfaction of the participants in a theme park and their renewal participating intentions. The survey involved 272 adults in a theme park. The questionnaire of Chang and Lee (2004), adapted to the needs of the theme park, was used to evaluate the quality, the satisfaction and the renewal intentions of the participants. Results showed a significant positive relationship among quality, satisfaction and renewal intentions, while partial correlations showed moderate positive relationship among these factors, the management of the theme parks should take all this into account for the proper designing and improvement of the services they provide.
Reinsurance of National Unemployment Benefit Schemes

This study is a contribution to the debate around the creation of an unemployment insurance scheme for the EU/euro area by proposing an alternative mechanism to the Europeanisation of national insurance schemes. The authors make the case for a reinsurance mechanism and show that such a system delivers, for a small average contribution, large shock-absorption capacities. At the same time, due to a threshold issue, it is not suitable for EU-level absorption of small national shocks. It is rather meant to deliver a large punch once activated, which should occur only in case of MAJOR events for the labour market. Had such a scheme been in place in the EU during the period 2000-2012, it would have been triggered 40 times. This study has been prepared at the request of the European Commission, Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion DG. VT/2013/133 CEPS Working Documents are intended to give an indication of work being conducted within CEPS’ research programmes and to stimulate reactions from other experts in the field. The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Commission or of CEPS. ISBN 978-94-6138-438-6 Available for free downloading from the CEPS website (http://www.ceps.eu) © CEPS 2015
Effect of internal heat generation on Marangoni convection in a superposed fluid-porous layer with deformable free surface

Linear stability analysis is applied to investigate the effect of internal heat generation on Marangoni convection in a two-layer system comprising an incompressible fluid-saturated porous layer over which lies a layer of the same fluid. The upper free surface is deformable and is subject to a general thermal condition, while the lower boundary is rigid and is fixed at a constant temperature (isothermal) or a constant heat flux. The Beavers-Joseph condition is employed at the interface and the Forchheimerextended- Darcy equation is employed to describe the flow regime in the porous medium. The linear stability theory and the normal mode analysis are applied and the resulting eigenvalue problem is solved exactly. For both the upper and lower boundaries fixed at a constant heat flux, the analytical asymptotic solution of long wavelength is obtained using regular perturbation technique. It is observed that the critical Marangoni number decreases with an increase in the dimensionless heat source strength. However, an increase of the Bond number and the decrease of the Darcy number will help to slow the process of destabilizing the system.
Trade-Related Policy and Canadian-U.S. Fed Cattle Transactions Basis

Price differences among fed cattle prices in Canada and the United States (referred to here as fed cattle basis) are important for Canadian cattle feeders, but changing government regulations in Canada and the United States have made basis more variable. This article uses transaction data from Canadian feedlots to quantify fed cattle price differentials in light of new policy initiatives. Using transaction prices, we find that differing slaughter regulations, labeling laws, and policies affecting access to U.S. markets for Canadian cattle affect fed cattle basis.
Aalborg Universitet Association of fish consumption and dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFA with myocardial infarction in a prospective Danish cohort study

Several studies have investigated the potential benefits of marine n-3 PUFA in CVD, generally suggesting a lower risk of CHD. However, recent trials have questioned these results. This study investigated the association of fish consumption with dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFA with incident myocardial infarction (MI). In a Danish cohort study, 57 053 subjects between 50 and 64 years of age were enrolled from 1993 to 1997. From national registries, we identified all cases of incident MI. Dietary fish consumption was assessed using a semi-quantitative food questionnaire, including twenty-six questions regarding fish intake. In addition, we calculated the intake of total and individual marine n-3 PUFA. During a median follow-up of 17·0 years, we identified 3089 cases of incident MI. For both men and women, a high intake of fatty fish was inversely related to incident MI. Thus, when comparing the highest and the lowest quintile of fatty fish intake, we found a 12% lower relative risk of MI in men (hazard ratio (HR) 0·88; 95% CI 0·77, 1·00) and a 22% lower relative risk in women (HR 0·78; 95% CI 0·63, 0·96) after adjustments. For women, similar associations were observed for individual and total marine n-3 PUFA. In contrast, intake of lean fish was not associated with MI. In conclusion, incident MI was inversely related to a high intake of fatty fish, but not lean fish. However, test for trends across quintiles was not statistically significant. In general, this study supports the view that consumption of fatty fish may protect against MI.
BURDEN OF DISEASE AND BARRIERS TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF GROUP A BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS FOR THE PREVENTION OF RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE IN DAR ES SALAAM , TANZANIA

Fecal specimens from children presenting to Texas Children’s Hospital with acute gastroenteritis were tested for the presence of rotavirus. Children were grouped according to vaccination status, and pentavalent rotavirus vaccine effectiveness was calculated. Pentavalent rotavirus vaccine effectiveness against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis was sustained during the first 2 years of the vaccination program. Overall 3-dose effectiveness was 83% to 86%; it was 92% to 93% among children 6 to 11 months of age and 78% to 84% among children 12 months of age.
What is Known about ‘ Reporting Bias ’ in HBP Monitoring ?

1933-1711/$ see f http://dx.doi. org/10. Reporting bias: Achilles’ heel of home blood pressure monitoring Martin G. Myers, MD, FRCPC* and George S. Stergiou, MD, FRCP Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Hypertension Center, STRIDE Hellas-7, Third University Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece Manuscript received January 27, 2014 and accepted February 1, 2014
THE IMPACT OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE SEROTYPE B RESURGENCE ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD INVASIVE HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE DISEASE IN ENGLAND AND WALES

AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma occurs in children, but treatment experience reports are very scarce. A retrospective analysis of 28 children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy and monthly paclitaxel showed unexpected results with 19 children in complete and sustainable remission, including those with the most severe form. Tolerance and feasibility were good, despite a lack of skilled staff in a low-resource setting.
On the Organization of a Drug Discovery Platform

Some of the most exciting parts of work in the pharmaceutical industry are the steps lead- ing up to drug discovery. This process can be oversimplified by describing it as a screen ing campaign involving the systematic testing of many compounds in a test relevant to a given pathology. This naïve description takes place without taking into consideration the numerous key steps that led up to the screening or the steps that might follow. The present chapter describes this whole process as it was conducted in our company during our early drug discovery activities. First, the purpose of the procedures is described and rationalized. Next follows a series of mostly published examples from our own work illustrating the various steps of the process from cloning to biophysics, including expression systems and membrane-bound protein purifications. We believe that what is described here presents an example of how pharmaceutical industry research can orga- nize its platform(s) when the goal is to find and qualify a new preclinical drug candidate using cutting-edge technologies and a lot of hard work.
A Mystery of "Sluggish Diffusion" in High-Entropy Alloys: The Truth or a Myth?

High entropy alloys (HEAs) are considered as a novel class of materials with a large number of components (five and more) available in equiatomic or nearly equatomic proportions. One of the characteristic properties of HEAs was believed to be so-called 'sluggish' diffusion that should be crucial for intended high-temperature technological applications. The faith on this myth instead of rigorous experimental analysis played such a dominant role that the first set of data on interdi usion, in fact based on an improper analysis, were cited in hundreds of articles to state the presence of sluggishness of di usion rates in high entropy alloys.
Nonlinear Characteristic Model–Based SMC and Its Application to Flexible Satellites

Abstract This study investigates the sliding mode control (SMC) method based on the nonlinear characteristic model and its application to flexible satellites. A novel nonlinear dynamic sliding mode surface is designed depending on the nonlinear characteristic model. The expected advantage of the proposed SMC compared to the traditional SMC is to improve performances and robustness. The proposed results apply to a class of nonlinear systems and rely on the parameter estimation of the characteristic model. The theory is illustrated on the rapid maneuver and fast stability problem of the sun synchronous orbit satellite.
The Prasugrel in Comparison to Clopidogrel for Inhibition of Platelet Activation and Aggregation — Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 44 Study Study Characteristics

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a proven treatment option for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Treatment of this patient population with antiplatelet therapy before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is ever-changing. Combining clopidogrel, a thienopyridine, with aspirin has become the gold standard dual antiplatelet therapy. However, new research reveals several limitations with clopidogrel, including potential drug-drug interactions, slow onset of action, irreversibility of platelet inhibition, and a wide array of patient responses. A new thienopyridine, prasugrel, has been approved and supported by the current guidelines for its faster onset of action, lack of significant drug-drug interaction, and consistent patient response. Purpose: This article will present a background of ACS and the 2 thienopyridines (prasugrel and clopidogrel), provide a comprehensive analysis of 4 recent trials comparing the 2 drugs in patients with ACS undergoing PCI, and pose 2 further research questions involving the genetic variability and the optimum duration of antiplatelet therapy after PCI. Conclusions: The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines support prasugrel in patients specifically with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, non-STsegment elevation myocardial infarction, previous or current stent restenosis or occlusion, and diabetes. Relative contraindications in patients using prasugrel include bleeding tendencies, age greater than 75 years, and body weight less than 60 kg. Absolute contraindications of prasugrel use include history or current stroke and active bleeding. With further research looking at duration of treatment and cardiovascular events with prasugrel and clopidogrel, clinicians will be able to make more evidence-based decisions. Clinical Implications: Prasugrel has been shown to be an effective alternative to clopidogrel in treating patients with dual antiplatelet therapy for ACS requiring PCI. Awareness of the risks and benefits when deciding to prescribe clopidogrel or prasugrel for patients with ACS during and after PCI will promote patient safety, improve patient outcomes, and support evidence-based practice.
variability in response to alcohol , and differences in individual vulnerability for developing alcohol dependence and alcohol-related disability

Background: Previous linkage studies, including a study of the Native American population described in the present report, have provided evidence for linkage of alcohol dependence and related traits to chromosome 4q near a cluster of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes, which encode enzymes of alcohol metabolism. Methods: The present study tested for associations between alcohol dependence and related traits and 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the 7 ADH genes. Participants included 586 adult men and women recruited from 8 contiguous Native American reservations. A structured interview was used to assess DSM-III-R alcohol dependence criteria as well as a set of severe alcohol misuse symptoms and alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Results: No evidence for association with the alcohol dependence diagnosis was observed, but an SNP in exon 9 of ADH1B (rs2066702; ADH1B*3) and an SNP at the 5¢ end of ADH4 (rs3762894) showed significant evidence of association with the presence of withdrawal symptoms (p = 0.0018 and 0.0012, respectively). Further, a haplotype analysis of these 2 SNPs suggested that the haplotypes containing either of the minor alleles were protective against alcohol withdrawal relative to the ancestral haplotype (p = 0.000006). Conclusions: These results suggest that variants in the ADH1B and ADH4 genes may be protective against the development of some symptoms associated with alcohol dependence.