Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improvement of low level bark beetle damage estimates with adaptive cluster sampling

Detection of low level infestation in forest stands is of principle importance to determine effective control strategies before the attack spread to large areas. Of particular concern is the ongoing mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Hopkins) epidemic, which has caused approximately 14 million hectares of damage to lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud var. latifolia Engl.) forests in western Canada. At the stand level attacked trees are often difficult to locate and can remain undetected until the infestation has become established beyond a small number of trees. As such, methods are required to detect and characterise low levels of attack prior to infestation expansion, to inform management, and to aid mitigation activities. In this paper, an adaptive cluster sampling approach was applied to very fine-scale (20 cm) digital aerial imagery to locate mountain pine beetle damaged trees at the leading edge of the current infestation. Results indicated a mean number of 7.36 infested trees per hectare with a variance of 18.34. In contrast a non-adaptive approach estimated the mean number of infested trees in the same area to be 61.56 infested trees per hectare with a variance of 41.43. Using a relative efficiency estimator the adaptive cluster sampling approach was found to be over two times more efficient when compared to the non-adaptive approach.
Do dynamo-waves propagate along isorotation surfaces?

Institute for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, PO Box 4026, Irkutsk 664033, Russia Received 2 April 2002/ Accepted 20 June 2002 Abstract. It is shown that the basic rule of the dynamo theory on the propagation of dynamo-waves along surfaces of constant angular velocity is restricted to the case of isotropic magnetic diusion. The influence of rotation on convective turbulence induces an anisotropy in the eddy diusivity. The anisotropy makes the direction of travel of the dynamo wave deviate from the isorotation surfaces. The deviation is towards the equator for solar conditions. This finding may help to resolve the old problem of solar dynamo theory concerning the incompatibility between the helioseismological rotation law and equatorward migration of solar activity. A qualitative explanation for the inclined propagation is suggested. The derived properties of the dynamo waves are illustrated by 2D dynamo models in spherical geometry. The model with anisotropic diusion shows a pronounced equatorial drift of toroidal fields even with a depth independent rotation.
A Novel Role of Adiponectin: Stimulator of Human SW480 Colon Carcinoma Cell Migration by Inducing an Autocrine IL-8 and MCP-1 Loop

Colon cancer is the third most common cause of cancer, and epidemiological studies have shown that obesity increases the risk of colon cancer by 1.5-2 folds with obesity-associated colon cancer accounting for 1435% of total incidence. So far, solely leptin was found to promote the motility and invasion of carcinoma cells. Adiponectin is another prominent protein hormone secreted by differentiated adipocytes. However, the effect of adiponectin on migration of carcinoma cells is mostly unknown. In this study, we found that adiponectin significantly increased the locomotion of human SW480 colon carcinoma cells. This pro-migratory effect is mediated by an activation of an autocrine loop of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), as was shown by neutralizing antibodies. Treatment of the cells with these specific antibodies completely abrogated the adiponectin-promoted locomotion. The intracellular signal transduction underlying this effect involves the activity of the transcription factors Stat-3 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB), but also the activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway, as proven by the use of specific inhibitors. Blockade of NFκB activation abolished the pro-migratory effect of adiponectin by inhibiting the secretion of IL-8 and MCP-1. Here, we report on a new biological function of adiponectin in the regulation of colon cancer progression by stimulating tumor cell migration via an autocrine IL-8 and MCP-1 loop. Thus our findings have potential clinical implications, because understanding the impact of adiponectin on tumor cell migration and the underlying signal transduction mechanisms is mandatory for future development of novel therapeutics to treat obesity-associated colorectal cancer.
Clouds as natural entities in preschool children’s thought

This research paper seeks to determine pre- schoolers’ representations about the general characteristics of the natural phenomenon of clouds, their reasoning about the consisting elements and the formation procedures of clouds and finally, their ideas about the existence of clouds through time. The sample consisted of 22 children (12 boys and 10 girls) aged 5.5-6 years from one public kindergarten in an urban area in Greece. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews. The analysis of the qualitative data showed that although the preschoolers had fruitful representations, the majority of them encountered difficulties on approaching several aspects of the phenomenon. Children’s reasoning about the phenomenon also seemed to be without a stable and coherent structure. The need for a categorization of pre- schoolers’ representations based on the use of a system of concrete criteria and the prospect of a didactic approach leading to the creation of a precursor model is designated.
Yield evaluation of yellow cassava varieties as affected by inorganic fertilizer in two agro ecological zones of Nigeria

Field experiment was conducted at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Ibadan and Ikene substation during the 2012 rainy season to study the effect of variety and Crystallizer fertilizer on the yield of four yellow cassava varieties. Four (4) IITA yellow cassava varieties (IITA TMS 01/1368, IITA TMS 01/1371 and IITA TMS01/1412 and IITA TMS 01/1593), were tested at three different rates (0 kgha-1, 400 kgha-1kg/ha and 600 kgha-1) in split plot fitted to RCBD. Data collected on yield parameters were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated with Least Significant Difference. The varieties TMS01/1371 and TMS01/1412 significantly (P≤0.05) produced highest fresh tuber yield of (9.33tonsha-1) and (8.99tonsha-1) at Ibadan and Ikene respectively. The variety TMS 01/1593 significantly (P <0.05) produced highest dry matter content (35.50%) and total carotene value (7) of all the yellow cassava varieties in Ibadan. It was concluded, that since the variety TMS01/1593 produced highest total carotene content (7.00) and dry matter content (35.50%), it can therefore be recommended for cultivation and consumption in Ibadan to increase the quantity of cassava products and enhance vitamin A intake. Since TMS01/1371 produced the highest fresh tuber yield of (9.33tonsha-1) without the application of Crystallizer fertilizer in Ibadan, it can be cultivated in Ibadan to obtain 9.33tonsha-1fresh. A further research is recommended to determine the rates of Crystallizer fertilizer to increase yields obtainable in both locations.
THE COMPARISON OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE OF AN AUSTRIAN AND A HUNGARIAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMPANY

Summary: In this study we compared two very similar sized company's corporate culture, which are both active in the chemical equipment manufacturing market. The comparison is based on interviews of the corporate executives and the analysis of the data gathered by questionnaire of Competing Values Model. Based on this data we found, that the Hungarian company's corporate culture shows duality, because the manufacturing department shows dominantly hierarchical organizational culture, while among white-collar workers in the enterprise market type is the dominant culture. In the case of the Austrian company's corporate culture is hierarchical uniformly across the entire organization. Both company's corporate culture is significantly different compared to that described in the literature characteristic to the country. We clearly found the effects of the Austrian and Hungarian national cultures in the organizations however, even more strongly the effects of the strict and uniform EU regulations of the investigated industrial sector. These regulations seem to drive the two company's corporate culture in the same direction.
CRITICAL INGREDIENTS FOR CALL CENTRE AGENTS’ EFFECTIVENESS

This study assessed the critical ingredients for call centre agents’ effectiveness (skills/knowledge/ability/attitude, interpersonal skills, training and development, remuneration/motivation, teamwork) in managing customers and their needs. The study was undertaken in Durban, South Africa, and was conducted within a Public Sector service environment which comprised of four major call centres employing a total of 239 call centre agents. A sample of 151 call centre agents was drawn using the cluster sampling technique and a 63% response rate was achieved. These call centre agents were responsible for inbound calls only. Data was collected using a self developed, precoded questionnaire whose validity and reliability were statistically determined using Factor Analysis and Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha respectively. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicate that remuneration/motivation, followed by teamwork, negligibly followed by training and development, interpersonal and other skills/knowledge/ability/attitudes are crucial ingredients for effectively managing customers and their needs. Based on the results of the study a model is designed and presents recommendations that, when implemented in call centre environments, have the potential to enhance agents’ effectiveness in managing customers and their needs***.
THE EFFECT OF PIG REARERS PERSONNAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SOME CONSTRAINTS ON SMALL HOLDER PIG PRODUCTION IN MUBI ZONE OF ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA.

The study was conducted to investigate effect of pig rearers personal characteristics and some constraints on pig production in Mubi zone of Adamawa State Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were used to purposely sample 210 small-holder pig keepers in the study area. Data obtained were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage). The result of this study showed that pig reares personal characteristics have significant effect on small holder pig production in the study area. The result also indicated that, the growth of small holder pig production is adversely affected by high cost of feed, religious believe and inadequate capital. Government support to improve on the small-holder pig production in the area of finance, provision of inputs, Veterinary and recommended.
The impact resistance effect of partially replacing coarse aggregate with ground-rubber aggregate in concrete

The effect of ground-rubber used as aggregate on the impact resistance of concrete when partially replaced volume of mineral coarse aggregate (granite) was investigated. A total of six mix batches (using a mix ratio of 1:2:4 and a water-cement ratio of 0.45) of concrete containing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% ground- rubber aggregate by volume of granite were subject to impact resistance test using the Repeated Drop-weight Test method on circular concrete disc samples (150mm x 64mm). Fifty four (54) circular disc samples were cast for the impact resistance test after 14, 21 and 28 days of standard curing in water. The test results show that the density of the specimens at 28 days reduced by about 16%, having a value of 2072kg/m 3 at 25% ground rubber content when compared to the control mix at 0%. The results also reveal that the incorporation of ground-rubber aggregate in concrete enhanced the impact resistance of the concrete greatly with the average no of blows to indicate failure ranging from 189 – 409 blows for 5 – 20% ground rubber content as compared to the control mixes, which had no ground rubber required an average of 106 blows at 28 days. The application could be practical if the rubber content is limited to a range of between 5-20% (Average of 13%) for structures which are exposed to impact loads in other to mitigate, minimize and dampen its effect on the structure. It is recommended for use in the construction of industrial floors. http://dx.doi. org/10.4314/njt.v37i2. 7
MUGSHOT GROUP SIZE AFFECTS EYEWITNESS MUGSHOT SELECTIONS

When eyewitnesses examine a set of mugshots, the photos can be presented either individually or in groups. The present experiment investigated whether the selection of mugshots is infl uenced by group size. Participants watched a video of a mock theft, then viewed 180 mugshots either 3, 6, or 12 photos at a time. Selection of the target’s mugshot was not signifi cantly affected by mugshot group size, but participants who viewed three mugshots at a time selected more fi llers. In addition, group size had only a small effect on the amount of time taken to inspect mugshots, and participants exhibited a strong tendency to select no more than one mugshot from any single group. The practical and theoretical implications of these fi ndings are discussed.
Optimal age replacement policy of a kout-of-n system with age-dependent minimal repair Revue française d ’ automatique , d ’ informatique

A k-out-of-n system is a System with n independent components such that the system opérâtes if and only if at least k of these n components operate successfully. A gênerai âge replacement of a k-out-of-n system is introduced which incorporâtes minimal repair, planned and unplanned replacements, and gênerai rondom repair costs. The long-run expected cost rate is obtained. The aim of the paper is to find the optimal âge replacement time T which minimizes the long-run expected cost per unit time of the policy. Various special cases are considered.
Resident beavers (Castor canadensis) do not discriminate between castoreum scent marks from simulated adult and subadult male intruders

Subadult intruding beavers (Castor spp.) could be expected to pose a higher threat than adults to territory holders because, unlike adults who usually own a territory, subadults need to acquire a territory and a mate to reproduce successfully. We tested the responses of territorial beavers (Castor canadensis Kuhl, 1820) to simulated intrusions by adult and subadult males. Territorial intrusion was simulated through scent playback experiments that exposed residents to castoreum from adult and subadult strangers simultaneously. We obtained responses from 13 resident beavers. Neither sniffing response nor physical or total responses differed between castoreum from adults and subadults. This was true for both sexes combined and separate. There was also no significant correlation between the mass of the scent donor and the response intensity. We found no evidence that territorial beavers responded differentially to castoreum scent marks from intruders of different ages. Either beavers consider all strange intr.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Concentration in the Follicular Fluid of Bali Cattle and Its Role in the Oocyte Nuclear Maturation and Fertilization Rate

The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of IGF-I in the follicular fluid (FF) of Bali cattle and its role in the nuclear maturation and fertilization rate. The follicular fluid was collected by the aspiration technique, then it was centrifuged at 1500 g for 30 min at 24oC. The supernatant was collected and stored at -20oC until being used in the experiment for analysis of IGF-1. A total of 1105 oocytes were used in this study. The oocytes were matured in M199 without supplementation of bovine serum albumin, with supplementation of BSA, and with supplementations of 10% FF (v/v) from the follicle with diameter Ø<4 mm, 4≤Ø<6 mm, 6≤Ø<8 mm, and Ø≥8 mm at the luteal phase and then fertilized. The results showed that the concentrations of IGF-I in the FF obtained during the luteal phase was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to those obtained during follicular phase. The IGF-I concentrations in the follicular fluid of follicle with diameter smaller than 6 mm were significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to those with diameters larger than 6 mm. The percentage of nuclear maturation rate of oocytes cultured with FF obtained from follicle with diameter <4 mm was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to those obtained from the other groups of follicle diameters. The supplementation of maturation media with BSA and FF were able to improve fertilization rate significantly (P<0.05) compared to maturation media without BSA. In conclusion, the concentration of IGF-I in the follicular fluid obtained during the luteal phase was higher compared to those obtained during the follicular phase. The IGF-I concentrations in the follicular fluid of smaller follicles (diameter <6 mm) were higher compared to those in the large follicles (diameter ≥6 mm). The supplementation of FF can improve the nuclear maturation and fertilization rate.
Effect of the Wall Thickness Tolerance on the Results of Detailed FEM-Calculations

In this paper we review the effect of the wall thickness tolerance of piping components like tees or bends on the results of detailed FEM-calculations. Therefore we look on the part of the wall thickness from the designing process to the calculation of primary and secondary stresses considering the equations given in the design codes and the stresses calculated by detailed FEM-analysis. If we use the methods above we have always to check if the maximum permissible stresses and strains are met. For tees and bends this is often difficult when the well known equations given in the design codes are used, because the stress intensification factors are often considered to be overly conservative. Therefore for components, for which the maximum permissible stresses and strains are not met by using the equations give in the design codes, it’s common to carry out detailed FEM-calculations. The wall thickness which should be used for the equations given in the design codes is the nominal wall thickness or the average wall thickness, respectively the effective average wall thickness. This definition of the wall thickness has also to be taken into account for the FEM-calculations. Another very general criterion of the design codes and the general regulations is that for the whole lifetime of the power plant reductions of the wall thickness caused by corrosion or erosion or by the grinding of welds to prepare them for the periodic testing have to be taken into account. According to the current state of technology detailed FEM-calculations – considering correct constraints - are the most common method for obtaining realistic stress and strain results, because with common computers and FEM-programs there is no longer any problem to model realistic FEM-geometries with ~100.000 or more degrees of freedom. So in the calculation process the remaining important safety margins are the realistic material behaviour and the definition of the operating conditions. That’s why the FEM-calculations have to be done very carefully, especially if elastic-plastic methods are used. For some examples these effects are shown in this paper. For bends the results can be compared with the interesting method of reduced stress indices which is still under discussion. Therefore in a kind of prototyping we only use parametric FEM-models. So it’s easy to investigate the component behaviour with several wall thicknesses. In case of remaining plastic strains of about 0.2%-1.0% for normal operating conditions considering the minimum design wall thickness we investigate in our evaluation process if the plastic deformation is progressive. For such components it’s advisable to consider them in the non-destructive testing and load monitoring programs. So if unexpected loads occur or the erosion or corrosion rates are unexpected high, it’s possible to adapt the parametric FEM-models and carry out a stress and strain analysis just in time.
Memory characteristics of an arousing event are associated with the level of anxiety during the event: a clinical study among individuals with severe dental anxiety

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Adaptation of Bivalve Molluscs to Environmental Conditions in the Coastal Region of El Jadida (Morocco): Case of Mytilus Galloprovincialis

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of industrial pollution on the growth and reproduction of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from coastal region of El Jadida (Morocco). To this aim, three stations (S1, S2 and S3) are chosen according to their proximity to the industrial effluents of the chemical complex. The seawater and mussels (N = 100/ station) samples have been randomly and monthly collected for a period of 6 months (February-July 16). Mussels are distributed in 6 classes of size and measures of condition index and gonadic index are performed in the most common size classes. The results of the analysis of physicochemical parameters of the water show spatio-temporal variations with an acidic pH, high temperature and low salinity in the station near of industrials effluents. Regarding condition index and the gonadic index, there is no significant difference between the mussels collected from the reference station (S2) and the polluted station (S3). This can be explained partly by the adoption of a strategy of adaptation to the environmental stress caused by the industrial pollution.
ASSESSING AND MODELING THE FACTOR THAT AFFECTED DENTAL CARIES AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN BACHOK, KELANTAN, MALAYSIA

ABSTRACT A prevalence study of dental caries was undertaken in 5-6 year-old preschool children from Bachok District, Kelantan. In this study, sample consists of 382 children were collected in order to find the factor that affected the dental caries among children. Dental caries was examined visually by two dentists from School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia and also the related information of the observations was recorded through the provided research form. The results showed that the prevalence of dental caries amongst 5-6-year old, is about 63.1% (high caries category). The increasing prevalence of dental caries among preschool children in Bachok need special systematic dental health education programmes. From the descriptives study, it shows only 5.2% children (no caries category), 11.3% (low caries category) and 20.4 % (moderate caries category). In this study, three techniques were used in order to find the factor that associated with caries status. The first technique by Cluster Analysis (CA), second is by Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) analysis and the third is a Multiple Logistics Regression (MLR) analysis toward specific variables which will be discussed later in the next section. This paper focused on finding on dental caries factors modeling status scenario in Bachok, Kelantan. Key-words: Structural equation modeling, dental caries, response surface methodology, preschool children and cluster analysis.