Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion: Diagnostic features in surepath™ cervical samples

This study was undertaken to identify the situations in which a diagnosis of “Atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude a high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC‐H)” is offered in SurePath™ cervical samples and to identify cytological criteria helpful in predicting high‐grade disease. 2,335 (3.4%) SurePath samples reported as atypical squamous cells (ASC) over a period of 2 years, including 1,112 cases with known hrHPV status were retrieved. 105/1,112 cases were categorized into ASC‐H, and slides were available for review in 88/105 cases. These 88 samples were divided into two categories based on follow‐up histological outcome and hrHPV status–category A: cases with CIN2+ lesions on follow‐up (n = 48) and category B: cases with ≤CIN1 lesions or hrHPV negative status (n = 40). 78% (82/105) cases of ASC‐H tested positive for hrHPV. Overall CIN2+ lesions were found in 50.3% (53/105) cases. Of 88 cases reviewed, HCGs were noted in 56.3% (27/48) cases in category A and 75% (30/40) cases in category B. Dispersed metaplastic cells and scattered small atypical cells were seen in 37.5% (18/48) cases in category A and 12.5%(5/40) in category B. The majority of cases with dispersed atypical cells had <20 cells/sample and cases with HCGs had <10 HCGs per sample. The majority of the cases reported as ASC‐H contained HCGs. Of these groups with nuclear crowding, disorganization and those with steep edges (“blocks”) are likely to predict high‐grade disease. The samples with only dispersed atypical cells had <20 cells/sample in majority of cases. In these, a disproportionate andespecially high nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio and irregular chromatin were the most useful features in predicting high‐grade disease. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patterns of NPS Use and Risk Reduction in Slovenia

ABSTRACT Background: The following study presents factors influencing the decision to use/not to use new psychoactive substances (NPS), various patterns of NPS use, the problems experienced by users, and the methods for reducing the risks associated with NPS use. Objectives: The study seeks to provide an in-depth look into the characteristics of NPS use and support the planning of targeted interventions in the field of NPS. Methods: The study involved 19 in-depth interviews carried out with 25 individuals divided into three subsamples in order to gain insight into the various experiences of NPS users. The interviews were conducted in Slovenia between December 2013 and October 2014. The sample was obtained by using the convenience sampling and snowball sampling methods. Results: The main pattern of NPS use determined by the study concerned synthetic cathinones, specifically 3-MMC, with binge use spanning several days being a prominent feature. The main risks involving NPS use were: mixing various drugs, inappropriate dosing, lack of information prior to use, and the use of unknown substances. Several users spoke about effective strategies for reducing risks, such as obtaining information beforehand, using one's own implements and using only small quantities of unknown substances. Conclusions/Importance: The study revealed various factors based on which users decide to use NPS. Furthermore, users reported a number of problems resulting from NPS use, while risk reduction strategies are employed to a much lesser extent. Based on the results obtained, specific intervention efforts concerning NPS use and targeting specific groups of younger users were designed.
Sources of Increased Instability in Indian and U.S. Cereal Production

Recent growth in Indian and U.S. cereal production has been accompanied by a more than proportional increase in the standard deviation of production. This study applies variance decomposition procedures to state data on crop production to analyze the sources of this increased instability. It is found that production has become significantly more covariate between states and crops, largely because of increased yield variability and a loss in offsetting patterns of variation between crop yields in different states. These changes may be associated with more variable prices, with higher-yielding technologies, and with a narrowing of the genetic base.
Secure Multi-Party Protocols for Item-Based Collaborative Filtering

Recommender systems have become extremely common in recent years, and are utilized in a variety of domains such as movies, music, news, products, restaurants, etc. While a typical recommender system bases its recommendations solely on users' preference data collected by the system itself, the quality of recommendations can significantly be improved if several recommender systems (or vendors) share their data. However, such data sharing poses significant privacy and security challenges, both to the vendors and the users. In this paper we propose secure protocols for distributed item-based Collaborative Filtering. Our protocols allow to compute both the predicted ratings of items and their predicted rankings, without compromising privacy nor predictions' accuracy. Unlike previous solutions in which the secure protocols are executed solely by the vendors, our protocols assume the existence of a mediator that performs intermediate computations on encrypted data supplied by the vendors. Such a mediated setting is advantageous over the non-mediated one since it enables each vendor to communicate solely with the mediator. This yields reduced communication costs and it allows each vendor to issue recommendations to its clients without being dependent on the availability and willingness of the other vendors to collaborate.
SPS: Secure personal health information sharing with patient-centric access control in cloud computing

In this paper, we propose a patient-centric personal health information (PHI) sharing and access control scheme, SPS. Proposed SPS encompasses identity based cryptography to ensure security and privacy of PHI by using short digital signature and patient's pseudo-identity. SPS relieves the health service provider's (HSP) additional burden for PHI storage, management, and maintenance by incorporating cloud storage services to electronic Health (eHealth) care system. SPS adopts attribute based encryption and assigns different attributes to PHI access requesters based on their roles and relation to the patient. To ensure authenticated PHI access with minimum computation, SPS introduces multi-parties proxy re-encryption protocol. Light weight partial and block PHI audits make the scheme efficient to ensure stored PHI integrity and availability. Extensive performance and security analyses demonstrate that SPS is able to achieve desired security requirements with acceptable computation and storage costs.
DESIGNING OUT CRIME IN SOUTH KOREA: QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY CPTED-RELATED ISSUES

Socially Responsible Design (SRD) is to widen discussion about ethical approaches designers, architects and engineers can take in order to help ‘design out’ crime from society (Gamman, 2007). Specifically, CPTED is a philosophy and practice which aims at socially responsible design to significantly reduce crime within communities. Also, despite criticisms concerning the apparent lack of evidence to support this approach, CPTED or Designing Out Crime is an increasingly fashionable crime prevention approach which is being implemented on a global scale (Cisneros, 1995). This paper will explore the route taken by South Korea in the last 18 years to develop an environmental approach to crime prevention. Furthermore, this paper will illustrate the growing interest and investment in CPTED by private enterprises and public policy makers, as well as discussion on the challenges that architects, police and researchers face resulting from a series of local trials.
On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation

AbstractThe same rule which regulates the relative value of commodities in one country does not regulate the relative value of the commodities exchanged between two or more countries.Under a system of perfectly free commerce, each country naturally devotes its capital and labor to such employments as are most beneficial to each. This pursuit of individual advantage is admirably connected with the universal good of the whole. By stimulating industry, by rewarding ingenuity, and by using most efficaciously the peculiar powers bestowed by nature, it distributes labor most effectively and most economically: while, by increasing the general mass of productions, it diffuses general benefit, and binds together, by one common tie of interest and intercourse, the universal society of nations throughout the civilised world. It is this principle which determines that wine shall be made in France and Portugal, that corn sell be grown in America and Poland, and that hardware and other goods shall be manufactured in England…
Transformational-Transactional Leadership and Work Outcomes: An Organizational Justice and Cultural Perspective

Leadership involves a process whereby leaders inspire followers and motivate them to accomplish goals. This dissertation investigates the processes and boundary conditions of effective transformational-transactional leadership by integrating multiple theories, namely, published literature related to transformational-transactional leadership, cultural value orientations, organizational justice, and organizational change. Specifically, this study investigates how and when cultural value orientations influence followers’ reactions to transformational-transactional leaders and whether organizational justice explains such leaders’ effectiveness (at both the team and individual levels) during times of organizational change. This research provides empirical support for the contention that transformational-transactional contingent reward leaders are universal. More importantly, this research indicates that, from the cross-level of analysis, organizational justice fully or partially mediated the relationship between transformational-transactional contingent reward leadership and work outcomes, and that perceived change frequency moderated the transformational leadership—task performance relationship. These findings shed light on the underlying process and boundary conditions for effective leadership.
Liquidity risk, liquidity demand of investors and asset pricing

Among the field of asset pricing theory, the theoretical significance of market liquidity risk premium is a hot topic. This paper decomposes market liquidity risk into exogenous and endogenous liquidity risk, and introduces liquidity demand as a state variable, giving rise to the random holding horizon, and develops a liquidity risk-adjusted capital asset pricing model. Besides agreement with the previous theoretical literatures about the effect of exogenous liquidity risk on asset pricing, we find that different elasticity value of price impact can make a cross-sectional dispersion in required return for the level of liquidity and market liquidity risk. The state variable of liquidity demand affects market liquidity risk premium increasingly, and could induce the known time-varying phenomenon of liquidity risk premium.
The effect of radiopacifiers agents on pH, calcium release, radiopacity, and antimicrobial properties of different calcium hydroxide dressings

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, pH level, calcium ion release, and radiopacity of calcium hydroxide pastes associated with three radiopacifying agents (iodoform, zinc oxide, and barium sulfate). For the pH and calcium release tests, 45 acrylic teeth were utilized and immersed in ultrapure water. After 24 h, 72 h, and 7 days the solution was analyzed by using a pH meter and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Polyethylene tubes filled with the pastes were used to perform the radiopacity test. For the antimicrobial test, 25 dentin specimens were infected intraorally in order to induce the biofilm colonization and treated with the pastes for 7 days. The Live/Dead technique and a confocal microscope were used to obtain the ratio of live cells. Parametric and nonparametric statistical tests were performed to show differences among the groups (P < 0.05). The pH analysis at 7 days showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among the groups. No differences among the pastes were found in the calcium release test on the 7th day (P > 0.05). The calcium hydroxide/iodoform samples had the highest radiopacity and antimicrobial activity against the biofilm‐infected dentin in comparison to the other pastes (P < 0.05). Calcium hydroxide mixed with 17% iodoform and 35% propylene glycol into a paste had the highest pH, calcium ion release, radiopacity, and the greatest antimicrobial action versus similar samples mixed with BaSO4 or ZnO. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:620–625, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using Cultural-Historical Activity Theory to design and evaluate an educational game in science education

The aim of this paper is to describe a methodology for using Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) at the initial stages of the design process of an educational game, by exploring how the theory can be used as a framework for producing not only usable but also useful computer tools. The research also aimed to investigate how the theory could be used for designing computer tools for learning science. Although CHAT and specifically the concepts of ‘activity system’ and ‘contradictions’ were used as the basis for the design and development of the educational game, subsidiary design guidelines also contributed significantly to this process. These derived from the research fields of Human Computer Interaction and Science Education and from students' everyday experiences when playing video games at home. The educational game produced was concerned with the teaching and learning of ‘Expansion and Contraction of Air’ in primary science, a subject that existing research suggests is conceptually difficult for students. As far as the main outcomes of the study are concerned, it was revealed through the implementation of the game that contradictions could be adequately resolved, while stakeholders' needs and motives could be appropriately addressed.
An Evaluation of the Diatom Test in Deaths of Professional Divers

The use of the Diatom Test for drowning is controversial. In order to make a more realistic approach in the clinical field it was routinely used and evaluated in a study of the deaths of seventy professional divers where history and mode of death were accurately monitored. It shows that with the use of proper technique and controls—and taken in the proper context—it can give useful supportive evidence of drowning.
A neutralizing monoclonal antibody previously mapped exclusively on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 recognizes an epitope in p17 sharing the core sequence IEEE

We report here that a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb 1575) mapped to the conserved putative intracellular region from amino acid residues 735 to 752 (735-752 region) of gp41 also recognizes a region in an extracellular portion of p17. Both epitopes have a core recognition sequence (IEEE) in a nonhomologous context. The IEEE motif found in HIV-1 p17 is located in a region known as HGP-30 (residues 86 to 115) which has been previously associated with virus neutralization, cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, and mother-to-child transmission. An analysis of available gp41 and p17 sequences demonstrates that in these regions both IEEE sequences are highly conserved in different HIV-1 clades. The presence of the IEEE epitope in p17 allows us to explain some unexpected neutralizing characteristics of MAb 1575. In addition, the gp41 735-752 region has been previously reported both in intra- and extracellular locations. Our results suggest that the extracellular location was the result of cross-reactivity with p17.
Management Accounting Education: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

For the past 35 years I have been teaching management accounting to undergraduate students, graduate students, and M.B.A. students. My approach to the topic has evolved over the years as my understanding of management accounting and of management decision making has expanded. The real world of business has always fascinated me, and I take every opportunity I can to visit companies to view their operations and to talk with managers about the problems and issues they face. Management accountants at companies like Caterpillar, Inc., Nortel, Dresser (now a division of Halliburton Co.), and numerous other companies have helped me to learn about the ways that management accounting works in organizations. The more I learn about the practice of management accounting the more dissatisfied I become with what I teach in my courses, so my class material is constantly evolving to accommodate my everchanging understanding of management accounting. As my knowledge of management accounting deepens I find myself discussin.
DEMAND DETERMINANTS FOR U.S. PROCESSED FOOD EXPORTS BY EMERGING/LOW AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES

Since processed foods are the fastest growing segment of U.S. agricultural exports, it is imperative to understand the underlying factors behind this growth. The overall objective of this research is to examine demand for processed foods by low and middle-income countries, seeking to assess demand determinants and potential import growth. In order to achieve this objective, we estimated a "modified gravity model" for U.S. exports of processed foods to 10 low and middle-income countries from 1980-2002, using both classical linear regression and fixed effects approaches. Empirical results from the classical model indicate that, as hypothesized, population, income, level of urbanization and an open trade regime have a positive effect on demand for processed foods by low and middle-income countries. As expected, exchange rates and distance have an inverse relationship with imports. Empirical results from the fixed-effects model are similar, with the exception of population. A cross-country comparative analysis of leading potential markets for U.S. processed food exports over the years 2003-2012 concluded that Mexico, China and Brazil, in that order, are likely to be the three largest future markets for U.S. processed foods among these 10 emerging countries.
Iodine mediated mechanisms and thyroid carcinoma

Iodine is a key element in the synthesis of thyroid hormones and the process of iodine transport by thyroid cells is active. Iodine deficiency, which is a known risk factor for thyroid cancer, may result from inadequate dietary iodine or from defects in iodine transportation. In contrast, a sufficient supply of iodine can induce cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells and may prevent the transformation of a differentiated thyroid cancer into a less differentiated or anaplastic form. However, the functions of iodine are complex, and the mechanisms of its action in thyroid cancer are unclear. This review focuses on the role of iodine in the carcinogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis of thyroid cancers as well as on iodine transporters, most of which are impaired in thyroid cancer. Elucidating the roles of iodine may generate novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to thyroid cancer and improve current strategies for its treatment and prevention.
Axiomatization and Implementation of Discounted Shapley Values

This discussion paper resulted in a publication in 'Social Choice and Welfare' . We generalize the null player property (satisfied by the Shapley value) and nullifying player property (satisfied by the equal division solution) to the so-called delta-reducing player property, stating that a delta-reducing player (being a player such that any coalition containing this player earns a fraction delta in [0,1] of the worth of that coalition without that player) earns a zero payoff. This property yields the null player property for delta = 1 and the nullifying player property for delta = 0. We show that efficiency, symmetry, linearity and this delta-reducing player property characterizes the corresponding delta-discounted Shapley value. Moreover, we provide a strategic implementation of these solutions where delta is a discount factor that determines the decrease in value to be distributed in the next round after the proposal is rejected and the remaining players (without the proposer) play a new round of bidding.
Information, Lobbying and the Legislative Process in the European Union

This article presents spatial models of policy-making in the European Union and focuses on interest group lobbying. It analyzes the two principal legislative procedures: consultation and codecision. Lobbying is modeled as a game of strategic information transmission from an informed lobbyist to uninformed policy makers. The theory characterizes sets of proposals that can be adopted under both procedures and determines the proposers' optimal proposal strategies. It analyzes the lobbyist's lobbying strategies at the proposal and vote stages, and studies policy makers' voting strategies. The article's principal conclusions are that at the proposal stage it is optimal for the lobbyist to lobby a policy maker with preferences close to her own, whereas at the vote stage it is optimal for her to lobby the pivotal policy maker.
Visual-olfactory display using olfactory sensory map

Olfactory displays which exist now can only present the set of scents which was prepared beforehand because a set of ―primary odors" has not been found. In this paper, we focus on development of an olfactory display using cross modality which can represent more patterns of scents than the patterns of scents prepared. Due to cross modal effect between vision and olfaction, human tends to feel not olfactory but visual stimulation as scents. First, we asked subjects to smell various aroma chemicals and evaluate their similarity. Based on the data of similarity among aromas, we built a map of smell distance. Next, we selected a few aroma chemicals from the smell distance map and implemented a visual and olfactory display. Then we conducted an assessment experiment of the display. We presented various pictures and the selected aroma chemicals to subjects and asked them what kind of scent they smelled like. In this experiment, we succeed in giving subjects feeling more patterns of scents than the number of selected aroma chemicals. Also, we succeed in making not olfactory stimulation by aroma chemicals but visual stimulation by pictures as scents. In particular, we find that the visual effect on olfactory sensation is more strong when the distance between the picture and the aroma chemicals is close than when the distance is far.