Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Total and specific polyphenol intakes in midlife are associated with cognitive function measured 13 years later.

Polyphenols, and in particular flavonoids, are omnipresent plant-food components displaying biochemical properties possibly beneficial to brain health. We sought to evaluate the long-term association between total and class-specific polyphenol intake and cognitive performance. Polyphenol intake was estimated using the Phenol-Explorer database applied to at least six 24-h dietary records collected in 1994-1996 as part of the SU.VI. MAX (Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants) study. The cognitive performance of 2574 middle-aged adults participating in the cohort was assessed in 2007-2009 using the following four neuropsychological tests: phonemic and semantic fluency, the RI-48 Cued Recall test, the Trail Making test, and Forward and Backward Digit Span. Inter-correlations among the test scores were estimated with principal component analysis. Associations between polyphenol intake and cognition were assessed by multivariate linear regression and ANCOVA. In multivariate models, high total polyphenol intake was associated with better language and verbal memory (P = 0.01) but not with executive functioning (P = 0.09). More specifically, intake of catechins (P = 0.001), theaflavins (P = 0.002), flavonols (P = 0.01), and hydroxybenzoic acids (P = 0.0004) was positively associated with language and verbal memory, especially with episodic memory assessed by the RI-48 test. In contrast, negative associations between scores on executive functioning and intake of dihydrochalcones (P = 0.01), catechins (P = 0.01), proanthocyanidins (P = 0.01), and flavonols (P = 0.01) were detected. High intake of specific polyphenols, including flavonoids and phenolic acids, may help to preserve verbal memory, which is a salient vulnerable domain in pathological brain aging. Further investigations are needed to clarify the observed negative associations regarding executive functioning.
The origin of trisomy 13

Trisomy 13 is one of the most common trisomies in clinically recognized pregnancies and one of the few trisomies identified in liveborns, yet relatively little is known about the errors that lead to trisomy 13. Accordingly, we initiated studies to investigate the origin of the extra chromosome in 78 cases of trisomy 13. Our results indicate that the majority of cases (>91%) are maternal in origin and, similar to other autosomal trisomies, the extra chromosome is typically due to errors in meiosis I. Surprisingly, however, a large number of errors also occur during maternal meiosis II (∼37%), distinguishing trisomy 13 from other acrocentric and most nonacrocentric chromosomes. As with other trisomies, failure to recombine is an important contributor to nondisjunction of chromosome 13. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Managing bipolar II disorder: some personal perspectives

Objective: The aim is to overview a personal model for managing bipolar II disorder. Method: The model describes the author’s personal approach and observes the relative lack of an evidence base. Results: Key ‘macro’ and treatment component approaches are overviewed. Conclusions: It is suggested that bipolar II disorder is categorically distinct from bipolar I, in lacking any psychotic features during contrasting mood states and thus allowing that its management should not necessarily extrapolate strategies used to manage bipolar I disorder. If valid, in addition to there being less of a need to prescribe antipsychotic drugs, the differing mood stabilizers may have quite differing gradients of efficacy across the bipolar I and II disorders.
Vers l’universalité des représentations visuelle et multimodales

En raison de ses enjeux societaux, economiques et culturels, l’intelligence artificielle (denotee IA) est aujourd’hui un sujet d’actualite tres populaire. L’un de ses principaux objectifs est de developper des systemes qui facilitent la vie quotidienne de l’homme, par le biais d’applications telles que les robots domestiques, les robots industriels, les vehicules autonomes et bien plus encore. La montee en popularite de l’IA est fortement due a l’emergence d’outils bases sur des reseaux de neurones profonds qui permettent d’apprendre simultanement, la representation des donnees (qui etait traditionnellement concue a la main), et la tâche a resoudre (qui etait traditionnellement apprise a l’aide de modeles d’apprentissage automatique). Ceci resulte de la conjonction des avancees theoriques, de la capacite de calcul croissante ainsi que de la disponibilite de nombreuses donnees annotees. Un objectif de longue date de l’IA est de concevoir des machines inspirees des humains, capables de percevoir le monde, d’interagir avec les humains, et tout ceci de maniere evolutive (c’est `a dire en ameliorant constamment la capacite de perception du monde et d’interaction avec les humains). Bien que l’IA soit un domaine beaucoup plus vaste, nous nous interessons dans cette these, uniquement a l’IA basee apprentissage (qui est l’une des plus performante, a ce jour). Celle-ci consiste `a l’apprentissage d’un modele qui une fois appris resoud une certaine tâche, et est generalement composee de deux sous-modules, l’un representant la donnee (nomme ”representation”) et l’autre prenant des decisions (nomme ”resolution de tâche”). Nous categorisons, dans cette these, les travaux autour de l’IA, dans les deux approches d’apprentissage suivantes : (i) Specialisation : apprendre des representations a partir de quelques tâches specifiques dans le but de pouvoir effectuer des tâches tres specifiques (specialisees dans un certain domaine) avec un tres bon niveau de performance; ii) Universalite : apprendre des representations a partir de plusieurs tâches generales dans le but d’accomplir autant de tâches que possible dansdifferents contextes. Alors que la specialisation a ete largement exploree par la communaute de l’apprentissage profond, seules quelques tentatives implicites ont ete realisee vers la seconde categorie, a savoir, l’universalite. Ainsi, le but de cette these est d’aborder explicitement le probleme de l’amelioration de l’universalite des representations avec des methodes d’apprentissage profond, pour les donnees d’image et de texte. [. ]
Prostaglandin-induced iris color darkening. An experimental model.

OBJECTIVES To determine the role of sympathetic innervation and the effect of topical prostaglandin therapy on iris color in pigmented rabbits. METHODS Twelve Dutch-belted rabbits underwent unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx) at age 1 to 3 months. A second group of 11 rabbits underwent bilateral SCGx at age 1 month and were treated once or twice daily for 6 to 9 months with 1 drop (about 20 microL) of latanoprost, 0.005%, to one eye and its vehicle to the contralateral eye. Standardized color photographs of the iris of each eye were taken at 1- to 2-month intervals for 6 to 10 months and evaluated by 4 to 6 observers in a masked fashion. RESULTS At 8 to 10 months after unilateral SCGx, 11 of 12 rabbits showed definite heterochromia, with the lighter-colored iris on the SCGx side. Of the 11 rabbits that underwent bilateral SCGx and unilateral latanoprost treatment, 9 showed heterochromia at 6 to 9 months, with the darker-colored iris on the latanoprost-treated side. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that sympathetic innervation is required for age-related, physiologic darkening of iris color in rabbits, that prostaglandins may compensate for sympathetic denervation to produce darkening in SCGx eyes, and that this model may be useful to study prostaglandin-induced iris color change.
Historical overview of the use of cytomegalovirus hyperimmune globulin in organ transplantation

A historical review of the development of cytomegalovirus hyperimmune globulin (CMV‐IG, CytoGam®) shows its increasing use in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, either alone or in combination with ganciclovir. A review of clinical trials of CytoGam in renal transplant recipients shows reductions in CMV‐associated syndromes and fungal and parasitic superinfections, and increases in graft survival, while CytoGam prophylaxis trials in orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients have produced reductions in severe CMV‐associated disease and invasive fungal disease. A combination of CytoGam plus ganciclovir in OLT recipients has resulted in reductions in CMV hepatitis and infection, and CMV disease and viremia, plus a trend in improved 1‐ and 2‐year survival rates.
Pointwise Error Estimates for Finite Element Solutions of the Stokes Problem

In this paper pointwise error estimates for general finite element approximations of the Stokes problem are established on quasi-uniform grids in $R^N$. The results obtained in this paper improve and extend the existing error estimates in the maximum norm for the Stokes problem. The new pointwise error estimates exhibit a more local dependence of the errors on the true solution and as a by-product provide logarithm-free bounds for all errors except the error of the velocity approximation of the lowest order.
Metabolic dysfunction in primary aldosteronism.

To the Editor: The study by Matrozova et al1 analyzed retrospectively the metabolic parameters of a large French cohort of patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) who were compared with matched patients with primary hypertension (PH). In these 2 groups of patients, fasting plasma glucose levels, as well as the prevalence of hyperglycemia, were comparable, supporting the contention that abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and the metabolic syndrome are equally frequent in PA and PH. Also, metabolic parameters were found to be comparable in patients with different subtypes of PA. As discussed by the authors of the article …
Loss of Akt1 in Mice Increases Energy Expenditure and Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity

ABSTRACT Akt is encoded by a gene family for which each isoform serves distinct but overlapping functions. Based on the phenotypes of the germ line gene disruptions, Akt1 has been associated with control of growth, whereas Akt2 has been linked to metabolic regulation. Here we show that Akt1 serves an unexpected role in the regulation of energy metabolism, as mice deficient for Akt1 exhibit protection from diet-induced obesity and its associated insulin resistance. Although skeletal muscle contributes most of the resting and exercising energy expenditure, muscle-specific deletion of Akt1 does not recapitulate the phenotype, indicating that the role of Akt1 in skeletal muscle is cell nonautonomous. These data indicate a previously unknown function of Akt1 in energy metabolism and provide a novel target for treatment of obesity.
Citrus Compounds Inhibit Inflammation- and Obesity-Related Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice

Dietary polyphenols are important potential chemopreventive natural agents. Other agents, such as citrus compounds, are also candidates for cancer chemopreventives. They act on multiple key elements in signal transduction pathways related to cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, and obesity. This short review article provides our findings of preclinical studies on potential chemopreventive activities of dietary citrus compounds, auraptene, collinin, and citrus unshiu segment membrane (CUSM), using clitis- and obesity-related colon tumorigenesis models. Dietary feeding with auraptene and collinin at dose levels of 0.01% and 0.05% significantly lowered the incidence (50–60% reduction) and multiplicity (67–80% reduction) of colonic adenocarcinomas induced by azoxymetahene [AOM, single intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg body weight (bw)] and dextran sodium sulfate (1% in drinking water). Anti-inflammatory potency of aurapene and collinin may contribute to the effects. Administration with CUSM at 3 doses in diet significantly inhibited development of aberrant crypts foci induced by 5 weekly subcutaneous injections of AOM (15 mg/kg bw) in male db/db mice: 53% inhibition by 0.02% CUSM, 54% inhibition by 0.1% CUSM, and 59% inhibition by 0.5% CUSM. CUSM treatment also decreased serum level of triglycerides. Our findings suggest that certain citrus materials are capable of inhibiting clitis- and obesity-related colon carcinogenesis.
Relationships between Sleep and Retirement—Nonretirement Status

Two-week sleep diaries and four consecutive nights of laboratory recordings were obtained from a sample of forty (17 males, 23 females) fifty- to seventy-year-old people. Participants were drawn from the same work pool and were divided into age matched retired-employed subsamples. Twenty-nine measures of EEG sleep structure were analyzed using two-way (sex-by-employment status) ANOVA. There were no significant main effects associated with employment status. Sleep pattern measures derived from two-week diaries were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The two significant work status main effects indicated that retirees spend more time sleeping on weekday nights than employed peers, and that employed participants had later bed times on weekend nights than retirees. The one significant interaction indicated that employed males slept for significantly less time on weekend nights than retired males. There were indications that retirement status decreased the frequency of napping, which may result from their more extended night time sleep period.
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy syndrome mutations increase susceptibility to spreading depression

Migraine with aura is often the first manifestation of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy syndrome (CADASIL), a disorder caused by NOTCH3 gene mutations expressed predominantly in vascular smooth muscle. Here, we report that cortical spreading depression (CSD), the electrophysiological substrate of migraine aura, is enhanced in mice expressing a vascular Notch 3 CADASIL mutation (R90C) or a Notch 3 knockout mutation. The phenotype was stronger in Notch 3 knockout mice, implicating both loss of function and neomorphic mutations in its pathogenesis. Our results link vascular smooth muscle Notch 3 mutations to enhanced spreading depression susceptibility, implicating the neurovascular unit in the development of migraine aura. Ann Neurol 2011
Harnessing the senga institution of adolescent sex education for the control of HIV and STDs in rural Uganda

Senga (father's sister) is a traditional channel of communication about sexual behaviour for adolescent females in rural Uganda. We evaluated a modification of this approach as an intervention for HIV and STDs in a pilot study in two intervention villages and one control village over 12 months. Eleven adult women and three adolescent girls were chosen and trained to become sengas. Adolescent girls were encouraged to visit the sengas for sexual health information. Adult sengas saw an average of 21 clients; adolescent sengas saw five. Adolescent girls made 45% of visits. The expected reasons for attending the sengas accounted for 51% of visits. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS, sexual communication skills, consistent condom use and family planning service use increased in the intervention group of girls over the study period and compared to control girls. Symptomatic STDs decreased in the intervention group. This intervention was readily accepted by the community; members of all ages and both sexes attended for a wider variety of reasons than anticipated. Adolescent girls in the intervention group showed improved knowledge, attitudes and practices related to HIV and STDs. This promising intervention warrants further testing in larger studies and other settings.
3-D Analytical Modeling of No-Load Magnetic Field of Ironless Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine

A three-dimensional analytical modeling of the magnetic field of the stator-ironless axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machine under open-circuit condition is presented in this paper. It involves the analytical solution of the governing field equations in the region between back-irons in the cylindrical coordinate, in which the magnets are assumed to be axially magnetized and have constant relative recoil permeability. The proposed modeling method is applied to a specific AFPM machine, and the analytical results are in good agreement with those of three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA).
Gustatory adaptation affects sexual maturation in male German cockroaches, Blattella germanica

Adaptations to hazardous environmental factors are essential for survival, although they may be maladaptive in conditions where the hazard is absent. In German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) populations, glucose aversion has evolved rapidly in response to glucose‐containing insecticidal baits, but little is known about the consequences of this behaviour in the absence of bait. In the present study, glucose‐averse (GA) and wild‐type (WT) male German cockroaches are restricted to a range of nutritionally defined diets containing either glucose or fructose as the sole carbohydrate source, and time to first expression of courtship is measured by stimulating the male antennae daily with isolated antennae from receptive, 6‐day‐old females. Glucose‐averse males that are restricted to glucose‐containing diets mature their courtship responses significantly later than GA males restricted to fructose‐containing diets, whereas there is no difference in maturation of courtship responses between GA males restricted to fructose‐containing diets and WT males restricted to diets containing either sugar type. Glucose‐averse males furthermore respond later to GA female antennae than to WT female antennae, all from 6‐day‐old females. This suggests that GA females are less sexually stimulating, and the results are also consistent with earlier findings showing that GA females contain less developed oocytes than WT females at this age. These findings demonstrate that an adaptive gustatory mutation conferring protection from a toxin may have comparatively detrimental effects under conditions where the toxin has vanished, both by delaying female sexual maturation and signalling and by delaying male sexual maturation and courtship under conditions where glucose is a major energy source.
Differential Effects of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Autophagy on Cell Survival*

Autophagy is a cellular response to adverse environment and stress, but its significance in cell survival is not always clear. Here we show that autophagy could be induced in the mammalian cells by chemicals, such as A23187, tunicamycin, thapsigargin, and brefeldin A, that cause endoplasmic reticulum stress. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced autophagy is important for clearing polyubiquitinated protein aggregates and for reducing cellular vacuolization in HCT116 colon cancer cells and DU145 prostate cancer cells, thus mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress and protecting against cell death. In contrast, autophagy induced by the same chemicals does not confer protection in a normal human colon cell line and in the non-transformed murine embryonic fibroblasts but rather contributes to cell death. Thus the impact of autophagy on cell survival during endoplasmic reticulum stress is likely contingent on the status of cells, which could be explored for tumor-specific therapy.
Crystal Structure of Inhibitor-Bound Human 5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Protein

Leukotrienes are proinflammatory products of arachidonic acid oxidation by 5-lipoxygenase that have been shown to be involved in respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The integral membrane protein FLAP is essential for leukotriene biosynthesis. We describe the x-ray crystal structures of human FLAP in complex with two leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors at 4.0 and 4.2 angstrom resolution, respectively. The structures show that inhibitors bind in membrane-embedded pockets of FLAP, which suggests how these inhibitors prevent arachidonic acid from binding to FLAP and subsequently being transferred to 5-lipoxygenase, thereby preventing leukotriene biosynthesis. This structural information provides a platform for the development of therapeutics for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
A Global Survey of Occupational Health Competencies and Curriculum

Abstract The World Health Organization has identified a world-wide shortage of occupational health professionals, but evidence suggests that the work and education of these professionals vary across countries. This survey examined the professionaldeveloprnent of occupational physicians, occupational nurses, industriaL hygienists, and ergonomists in terms of practice competencies and academic curriculum. Of 89 countries that received the survey, 48 (54%) responded. Important differences in competencies and curricula were identified for all groups. More competencies were identified more frequently in deyeloped countries. Academic programs existed more often in developed countries, but curriculum contentsvaried. The study provides a concrete reference point for discussion and developtnentof competencies and curriculum.
CALAKMUL AS A CENTRAL PLACE: ISOTOPIC INSIGHTS ON URBAN MAYA MOBILITY AND DIET DURING THE FIRST MILLENNIUM AD

Isotopic investigations of human burials from excavations of the Autonomous University of Campeche (CIHS) at the prehispanic Maya capital of Calakmul in southeastern Mexico, near the border with Guatemala, include determination of radiocarbon dates; carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in collagen; and strontium, carbon, and oxygen isotope ratios in tooth enamel. A total of 22 human and 5 faunal samples analyzed for strontium isotopes reveal a narrow range of variation in values, pointing to the likely local origin of over two-thirds of the central population of Calakmul, including two of its rulers. Carbon and nitrogen data confirm a typical Classic Maya diet at the site and identify a diet high in meat consumption for one dynastic individual. Interpreted jointly, the isotopic information offers new perspectives on the provenience and lifestyles of the residents of Calakmul, including a potential place of origin for the royal occupant of chamber tomb Burial VII-1. Las investigaciones isotópicas de los entierros humanos recuperados en el centro regional Maya prehispánico de Calakmul, Mexico, durante las excavaciones a cargo del Centro de Investigaciones Históricas y Sociales de la Universidad Autónoma de Campeche incluyen fechas de radiocarbono y proporciones de isótopos de carbono y nitrógeno en colágeno, así como de isótopos de estroncio, carbono y oxígeno en esmalte dental. Se analizaron 22 muestras de restos humanos y 5 especímenes faunísticos. El análisis de los valores de isótopos de estroncio reveló un estrecho rango de variación, indicando el origen local de más de dos tercios de los residentes centrales de Calakmul. Los datos de carbono y nitrógeno confirman una dieta típica para una población maya al estar fuertemente basada en carbohidratos de plantas C4 (como lo son maíz y frijol). Solo un individuo, correspondiente a un dinasta, difiere de este patrón. En este caso, los valores indican una dieta alta en consumo de carne. La comparación regional de nuestros resultados proporciona nueva información sobre la procedencia y los estilos de vida de las poblaciones residentes de Calakmul, y sobre el posible lugar de origen de un dinasta que ocupó la cámara funeraria del entierro VII-1.