Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barriers and Facilitators to Breast Cancer Screening Among Migrant Women Within Turkey

Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine facilitators and barriers that migrant women in Turkey identified related to breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, and mammography. Design: Focus group method was conducted with 39 women. An interview guide based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Health Promotion Model (HPM) was used. Results: Three main themes became apparent as a result of data analysis: (a) knowledge and awareness about breast cancer, (b) personal factors, and (c) medical service provider and social environment. Conclusions: Focus groups conducted in line with HBM and HPM were effective in explaining barriers and facilitators toward participation of women in screening behaviors. Lack of information, indifference, and cultural factors are the most important barriers of women. Recommendations for Practice: The study will shed light on health care professionals working in primary health care organizations for developing the health training programs and consulting strategies in order to increase breast cancer screening practices of migrant women.
Long‐Term Results of Subtotal Esophagectomy with Three‐Field Lymphadenectomy for Carcinoma of the Thoracic Esophagus

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the impact of aggressive surgery on survival in patients with carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. Summary Background DataPrognostic value of lymph-node status for patients with esophageal carcinoma was emphasized, although it is currently under debate whether extensive lymph node dissection improves survival. MethodsTwo hundred ninety-five patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma were admitted to Kagoshima University Hospital from December 1982 to December 1990. Esophagectomy was performed on 244 (82.7%) of these patients; 106 of whom underwent three-field lymphadenectomy (bilateral cervical, mediastinal, and abdominal regions) were analyzed regarding lymph-node status, tumor recurrence, and the effect of prognostic factors on survival using Cox's proportional hazards model. ResultsHospital mortality and morbidity were 10.4% (11/106) and 65.1%, respectively. Seventy-eight patients (73.6%) had nodal involvement, including 49 patients with abdominal lymph-node metastases and 46 patients with recurrent nerve-node metastases. Five-year survival rates were 54.5% for 16 patients with a solitary nodal metastasis, 30.3% for stage III, 17.4% for stage IV, and 7.2% for 28 patients with six or more metastatic nodes. The most frequent sites of recurrence were the upper mediastinal region and the lung – its incidence increased significantly as the number of positive nodes increased. The most unfavorable prognostic factors included regional or recurrent nerve-node metastasis and patient age of more than 71 years. ConclusionsThree-field lymphadenectomy, including especially the removal of bilateral recurrent nerve nodes in the cervical region, is essential for improving the survival of patients with carcinoma of the upper two thirds of the thoracic esophagus.
HIV and sexually transmitted infection risk behaviors and beliefs among Black West Indian immigrants and US-born Blacks.

OBJECTIVES We compared Black West Indian immigrants' and US-born Blacks' sexual and drug-use risk behaviors and their beliefs related to using condoms and informing partners of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to identify possible differences in risk. METHODS We drew data from the baseline assessment of a clinic-based intervention designed to increase partner STI notification. RESULTS Black West Indian men were less likely than were US-born Black men to report nonregular partners. There were no differences in condom use. US-born Black women were more likely than were Black West Indian women to be extremely confident that they could convince their regular partners to use condoms (odds ratio [OR] = 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21, 4.76), whereas there were no differences between Black West Indian and US-born Black men on this measure (interaction P = .06). US-born Black women were more likely than were Black West Indian women to be extremely confident in their ability to discuss STI screening with their regular partners (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.03, 3.47). CONCLUSIONS Black West Indian women's lower levels of confidence that they can discuss STI screening with their regular partners and convince these partners to use condoms may increase their infection risk. Gender-sensitive interventions are warranted for Black West Indian immigrants, especially women.
How the Linguistic Intergroup Bias Affects Group Perception: Effects of Language Abstraction on Generalization to the Group

ABSTRACT The present research investigated whether the impact of the Linguistic Intergroup Bias (LIB; Maass, 1999) is related to the effects of linguistic abstraction on social attribution (Yzerbyt & Rogier, 2001). We did this by assessing the impact of abstract descriptions versus concrete descriptions on the generalization of a group member's behaviors to the whole group. A target's behaviors were more attributed to the group when the description was abstract than when it was concrete, and this effect of language abstraction was stronger when the description was positive than when it was negative. Our results provide an insight into how the LIB is involved in the perpetuation of intergroup bias.
Association of HIV Infection with Biomarkers of Kidney Injury and Fibrosis in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common among HIV-infected individuals but serum creatinine is insensitive for detecting kidney damage at early stages. We hypothesized that HIV infection would be associated with elevations in subclinical markers of kidney injury and fibrosis in a contemporary cohort of men. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we measured urine levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), pro-collagen type III N-terminal pro-peptide (PIIINP) and albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) in 813 HIV-infected and 331 uninfected men enrolled in the Multi-center AIDS Cohort Study. Results Median eGFR was 95 ml/min/1.73 m2 among African-Americans (n=376) and 87 ml/min/1.73 m2 among Caucasians (n=768). Among HIV-infected men, the median CD4 lymphocyte count was 572 cells/mm3 and 76% of men had undetectable HIV RNA levels. After multivariable adjustment for traditional CKD risk factors including eGFR, HIV infection was associated with 52% higher urine IL-18 (95% CI, 33%, 73%), 44% higher KIM-1 (27%, 64%), 30% higher PIIINP (15%, 47%) and 84% higher ACR (54%, 120%), with similar effect sizes among African-Americans and Caucasians (P>0.2 for tests of interaction by race). These associations remained statistically significant in analyses that excluded persons with detectable HIV RNA levels and in models that adjusted for cumulative exposure to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Conclusions Compared with uninfected men, HIV-infected men had more extensive glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, as assessed by urine biomarkers. Future studies should evaluate whether combinations of biomarkers can be used to monitor stages of kidney injury and to predict CKD risk in HIV-infected individuals.
Molecular phylogeny of the New World monkeys (Platyrrhini, primates) based on two unlinked nuclear genes: IRBP intron 1 and epsilon-globin sequences.

Nuclear sequences of the 1.8 kilobase (kb) long intron 1 of the interstitial retinol-binding protein gene (IRBP), previously determined for 11 of the 16 extant genera of New World monkeys (superfamily Ceboidea, infraorder Platyrrhini), have now been determined for the remaining 5 genera. The maximum parsimony trees found, first with IRBP sequences alone and then with tandemly combined IRBP and epsilon-globin gene sequences from the same species, supported a provisional cladistic classification with the following clusters. Subtribes Callitrichina (Callithrix, Cebuella), Callimiconina (Callimico), Leontopithecina (Leontopithecus) and Saguina (Saguinus) constitute subfamily Callitrichinae, and subfamilies Callitrichinae, Aotinae (Aotus), and Cebinae (Cebus, Saimiri) constitute family Cebidae. Subtribes Chiropotina (Chiropotes, Cacajao) and Pitheciina (Pithecia) constitute tribe Pitheciini; and tribes Pitheciini and Callicebini (Callicebus) constitute subfamily Pitheciinae. Subtribes Brachytelina (Brachyteles, Lagothrix) and Atelina (Ateles) constitute tribe Atelini, and tribes Atelini and Alouattini (Alouatta) constitute subfamily Atelinae. The parsimony results were equivocal as to whether Pitheciinae should be grouped with Atelinae in family Atelidae or have its own family Pitheciidae. The cladistic groupings of extant ceboids were also examined by different stochastic evolutionary models that employed the same stochastic process of nucleotide substitutions but alternative putative phylogenetic trees on which the nucleotide substitutions occurred. Each model, i.e., each different tree, predicted a different multinomial distribution of nucleotide character patterns for the contemporary sequences. The predicted distributions that were closest to the actual observed distributions identified the best fitting trees. The cladistic relationships depicted in these best fitting trees agreed in almost all cases with those depicted in the maximum parsimony trees.
Prophylactic Use of Helmet CPAP After Pulmonary Lobectomy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy carry a high risk of respiratory complications after surgery. The postoperative prophylactic treatment with helmet CPAP may prevent postoperative acute respiratory failure and improve the PaO2/FIO2. METHODS: We randomly allocated 50 subjects to receive continuous oxygen therapy (air-entrainment mask, FIO2 0.4) or 2 cycles of helmet CPAP for 120 min, alternating with analog oxygen therapy for 4 hours. Blood gas values were collected at admission to ICU, after 1, 3, 7, 9, 24 hours, and then in the thoracic ward after 48 hours and one week after surgery. We investigated the incidence of postoperative complications, mortality, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: At the end of the second helmet CPAP treatment, the subjects had a significantly higher PaO2/FIO2, compared with the control group (366 ± 106 mm Hg vs 259 ± 60 mm Hg, P = .004), but the improvement in oxygenation did not continue beyond 24 hours. The postoperative preventive helmet CPAP treatment was associated with a significantly shorter hospital stay, in comparison to standard treatment (7 ± 4 d and 8 ± 13 d, respectively, P = .042). The number of minor or major postoperative complications was similar between the 2 groups. No difference in ICU readmission or mortality was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The prophylactic use of helmet CPAP improved the PaO2/FIO2, but the oxygenation benefit was not lasting. In our study, helmet CPAP was a secure and well tolerated method in subjects who underwent pulmonary lobectomy. It might be safely applied whenever necessary.
A common ancestor more than 10,000 years old for patients with R854Q-related type 2N von Willebrand's disease in Italy

The impaired capacity of von Willebrand factor to carry factor VIII is identified as type 2N von Willebrand's disease. R854Q is the most common type 2N mutation, and almost the only one identified in Italy. This aim of this study was to ascertain whether R854Q mutations in a cohort of Italian patients with type 2N von Willebrand's disease originated from a single event or recurrent events. Thirteen unrelated Italian families were investigated, analyzing the von Willebrand factor gene haplotype associated with the R854Q mutation. A common haplotype emerged in all the families, extending from single nucleotide polymorphisms rs2166902 to rs216293 over 48.2 kb and including five intragenic markers. This haplotype is infrequent in the healthy Italian population (17% versus 100%, P<0.0001) and each genetic marker within the said haplotype is similarly rare. These data strongly suggest a founder effect, with a single R854Q mutation event being the cause of the type 2N von Willebrand's disease in our cohort of patients. Using DMLE+ software and the mathematical model of Bengtsson and Thomson, it was estimated that the R854Q mutation occurred from 10,000 to 40,000 years ago, which is consistent with the short dimension of the haplotype shared by our patients. Together with the fact that the R854Q mutation seems to be limited to Caucasian populations, these findings suggest that a single mutational event took place after human populations moved from Africa towards Europe.
A comparison between p+n and n+p GaAs displacement damage coefficients following proton irradiation

In this paper, the photovoltaic response of p+n and n+p GaAs solar cells is monitored as a function of proton fluence at different proton energies. The energy dependence of displacement damage coefficients (DCs) describing the photovoltaic degradation for these devices are compared with calculations of nonionizing energy loss (NIEL). The short circuit current DCs for both device types follows the same energy dependence. In contrast, the open circuit voltage DCs follows a different energy dependence at higher proton energies (E ≫ 10 MeV).
Epileptic networks studied with EEG‐fMRI

It is not easy to determine the location of the cerebral generators and the other brain regions that may be involved at the time of an epileptic spike seen in the scalp EEG. The possibility to combine EEG recording with functional MRI scanning (fMRI) opens the opportunity to uncover the regions of the brain showing changes in metabolism and blood flow in response to epileptic spikes seen in the EEG. These regions are presumably involved in the abnormal neuronal activity at the origin of epileptic discharges. This paper reviews the methodology involved in performing such studies, including the special techniques required for recording the EEG inside the scanner and the statistical issues in analyzing the fMRI signal. We then discuss the results obtained in patients with different types of focal epileptic disorders and in patients with primary generalized epilepsy. The results in general indicate that interictal epileptic discharges may affect brain areas well beyond the presumed region in which they are generated. The noninvasive nature of this method opens new horizons in the investigation of brain regions involved and affected by epileptic discharges.
RELATIONSHIPS AND DIVERGENCE TIMES AMONG THE ORDERS AND FAMILIES OF MARSUPIALIA

*To whom correspondence should be addressed ABSTRACT--The approximately 330 living species of marsupials are currently divided into three American (Didelphimorphia, Microbiotheria, and Paucituberculata) and four Australasian (Dasyuromorphia, Diprotodontia, Notoryctemorphia, and Peramelemorphia) orders. Studies of interordinal relationships generally support the monophyly of Australidelphia, which includes the four Australian orders and the South American Microbiotheria. Within Australidelphia, monophyly of the Australasian orders (Eomarsupialia), relationships between the Australasian orders, and diprotodontian interfamilial relationships are still disputed. We analyzed protein-coding portions of five nuclear genes (ApoB, BRCA1, IRBP, Rag1, and vWF) from representatives of all extant marsupial families using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods. Two relaxed molecular clock methods (Multidivtime, IRDIVTIME) were employed to estimate divergence times. Likelihood and Bayesian analyses favored rooting the tree between Didelphimorphia and all other marsupials, but alternate positions for the root (Paucituberculata versus other marsupials, Ameridelphia versus Australidelphia) could not be rejected. Australidelphia was supported in all analyses, but interordinal relationships within this clade were not strongly supported. Diprotodontian monophyly was recovered in all analyses. Within this order there was a basal split between Vombatiformes (koalas, wombats) and Phalangerida (kangaroos, possums). Within Phalangerida, Macropodiformes grouped with Phalangeroidea to the exclusion of Petauroidea. Within Petauroidea, there was a basal split between Acrobatidae and all other petauroids. Among the remaining petauroids, Pseudocheiridae grouped with Petauridae to the exclusion of Tarsipedidae. Multidivtime divergence time estimates suggest a Late Cretaceous common ancestor for Marsupialia (80.4-78.1 Ma), interordinal divergences that range into the early Paleocene (60.7-59.5 Ma for Dasyuromorphia to Peramelemorphia), and mostly Paleogene interfamilial diversification. IRDIVTIME analyses resulted in slightly older dates for the most recent common ancestor of Marsupialia (83.9-80.6 Ma), but also showed increased stemminess (i.e., proportion of overall tree length comprised of internal branches) and a longer time window (~ 36 million years) for interordinal cladogenesis than Multidivtime analyses. Multidivtime dates for the last common ancestor of Australidelphia (65.0-64.8 Ma) allow for overland dispersal to Australia prior to the submergence of the South Tasman Rise at 64 Ma (Woodburne and Case, 1996). By contrast, IRDIVTIME dates for the last common ancestor of Australidelphia (62.2-58.2 Ma) are slightly younger than dates for the submergence of the South Tasman Rise and imply over water dispersal.
Age-Related Changes in the Cervical Spines of Front-Line Rugby Players

Cervical spine trauma occurs frequently in front-line rugby players. To evaluate the accumulative effects of this trauma, magnetic resonance imaging scans of the cervical spine were performed on 47 rugby players and 40 age-matched control subjects. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in the cervical spine of players at different points in their careers. A study of cervical spine changes, including spinal curve, spinal constituents, posttraumatic deformities, and degenerative modifications, was completed by a study of cervical measurements. Front-line rugby players showed more early degenerative alterations on magnetic resonance imaging scans than did the control subjects of the same age. These changes correlated with age and were probably linked with repetitive cervical trauma throughout the players' careers. Particular attention should be paid to the data confirming cervical spine canal stenosis in front-line players, which may place these athletes at risk for acute neurapraxia while playing this collision sport.
An effective hybrid strategy in some array synthesis problems

Most global optimization based synthesis procedures act in essentially the same way on all the involved variables. In this communication, it is theoretically discussed and numerically emphasized how explicit exploitation of the convexity of the problem with respect to a part of the degrees of freedom (when available) allows to achieve increased performances with respect to previous results, and to develop new interesting design solutions. Examples are presented for the synthesis of sum patterns by using non-uniformly spaced linear and planar arrays and for the 'optimal compromise amongst sum and difference patterns' problem. Finally, the proposed approach is exploited in developing effective design solutions (based on the concept of interleaved arrays) to the problem of achieving very flexible antennas while using simple feeding networks. As an example, array antennas capable to radiate two different beams with individually steerable patterns, or to perform jammer rejection at the physical layer, are synthesized and presented.
The Effect of Light Emitting Diode Phototherapy on Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Split Mouth, Controlled Clinical Trial

Objective Increasing the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) can reduce risks such as periodontal disease and caries. Trial design This split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial investigated whether light emitting diode (LED) phototherapy could accelerate the rate of OTM. Setting: The study was conducted at the Graduate Orthodontics Clinic at the University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry. Participants and methods 17 dental arches from 11 orthodontic participants with bilaterally symmetrical extraction of premolars were included. During space closure of single tooth extraction sites, LED phototherapy was applied to one side of the dental arch for a specified time and the contralateral side acted as the control. Space closure was measured immediately prior to, during and later in space closure. Results All participants were compliant with LED application. Our results revealed no significant changes in the rate of OTM with LED phototherapy over 3 months of extraction space closure. Conclusions Our findings were contrary to previous findings of the effect of laser phototherapy on regulating the rate of OTM. Further investigations are warranted to analyse whether the duration or method of LED delivery would have an effect on the rate of OTM. Toronto. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01490385).
Amphotropic murine leukemia virus replication in human mammary epithelial cells and the formation of cytomegalovirus-promoter recombinants.

Amphotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV) can replicate in human cells and is a potential contaminant in vector preparations for human gene transfer studies. We have recently shown that replication of amphotropic MLV in specific human sarcoma and lymphoma lines is possible in the absence of the viral 75-bp transcription enhancer elements. Here, we have tested the replication of an amphotropic MLV, MLV-(MOA), and an enhancer-deficient mutant of this virus in human breast carcinoma-derived cell lines. The proviral expression plasmids use a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter for the initial transcription of virus RNA. We found that all cells analyzed are permissive for replication of MLV-(MOA). Enhancer-deficient virus is unable to replicate. However, in two lines the replication defect can be rescued by the spontaneous insertion of a CMV promoter and enhancer into the U3 region. This recombinant virus MLV-(RCMV) replicates with kinetics similar to that of MLV-(MOA) but is restricted to specific cell lines. The potential formation of RCMV recombinants during MLV vector preparation must be considered.
Postoperative magnesium metabolism.

Aberrations in magnesium (Mg) metabolism have not been widely appreciated by the surgical community. Nevertheless, it is not uncommon for such abnormalities to occur during the postoperative period. We have encountered many situations of postoperative symptomatic hypomagnesemia and have wondered to what degree the surgical procedure contributed to the problem. Undoubtedly, many cases of deranged Mg metabolism are not recognized because of failure to check serum levels of this cation. While the literature contains a number of accounts of postoperative increases and falls in serum Mg, little evidence of the effects of surgical trauma on such changes has been presented. The most often quoted articles by Haynes et al, 1 Thoren, 2 Beecher et al, 3 and Gillette et al 4 document a decrease in urinary Mg excretion with an associated rise in serum levels. Other authors have noted a transient postoperative hypomagnesemia in patients without severe shock. 5-8 Because of
DRAM Controller with a Complete Predictor

In the arsenal of resources for computer memory system performance improvement, predictors have gained an increasing role in the past years. They can suppress the latencies when accessing cache or main memory. In paper [1] it is shown how temporal parameters of cache memory access, defined as live time, dead time and access interval could be used for prediction of data prefetching. This paper examines the feasibility of applying an analog technique on controlling of opening/closing DRAM memory rows, with various improvements. The results described herein confirm the feasibility, and allow us to propose a DRAM controller with predictors that not only close the opened DRAM row, but also predict the next row to be opened.