Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institution-Specific Factors Associated With Family Medicine Residency Match Rates

ABSTRACT Phenomenon: Existing research provides little specific evidence regarding the association between public and private medical school curricular settings and the proportion of medical students matching into family medicine careers. Institutional differences have been inadequately investigated, as students who match into family medicine are often consolidated into the umbrella of primary care along with those matching in internal medicine and pediatrics. However, understanding medical school contexts in relation to career choice is critical toward designing targeted strategies to address the projected shortage of family physicians. This study examines factors associated with family medicine residency match rates and the extent to which such factors differ across medical school settings. Approach: We combined data from a survey of 123 departments of family medicine with graduate placement rates reported to the American Academy of Family Physicians over a 2-year period. Chi-square/Fisher's Exact texts, t tests, and linear regression analyses were used to identify factors significantly associated with average match rate percentages. Findings: The resulting data set included 85% of the U.S. medical schools with Departments of Family Medicine that reported 2011 and 2012 residency match rates in family medicine. Match rates in family medicine were higher among graduates of public than private medical schools—11% versus 7%, respectively, t(92) = 4.00, p < . 001. Using a linear regression model and controlling for institutional type, the results indicated 2% higher match rates among schools with smaller annual clerkship enrollments (p = .03), 3% higher match rates among schools with clerkships lasting more than 3 to 4 weeks (p = .003), 3% higher match rates at schools with at least 1 family medicine faculty member in a senior leadership role (p = .04), and 8% lower match rates at private medical schools offering community medicine electives (p < .001, R2 = .48), F(6, 64) = 9.95, p < . 001. Three additional factors were less strongly related and varied by institutional type—informal mentoring, ambulatory primary care learning experiences, and institutional research focus. Insights: Educational opportunities associated with higher match rates in family medicine differ across private and public medical schools. Future research is needed to identify the qualitative aspects of educational programming that contribute to differences in match rates across institutional contexts. Results of this study should prove useful in mitigating physician shortages, particularly in primary care fields such as family medicine.
p53 immunoreactivity as prognostic marker for cancer-specific survival in prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of p53 immunoreactivity as a prognostic marker in prostate cancer. METHODS The nuclear accumulation of the aberrant p53 protein was determined by immunohisto-chemistry on surgical specimens and related to stage, grade and cancer-specific survival in 186 prostate cancer patients treated with transurethral resection and subsequent surveillance. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between p53 staining and grade: 2% of the highly differentiated, 8% of intermediately, and 21% of the poorly differentiated tumors stained. Patients with p53-positive tumors had a significantly shorter survival (52 months) than the p53-negative group (123 months). However, in a Cox multiple regression analysis of p53 status, tumor stage, grade, metastasis and age, p53 lost its significance as an independent predictor. CONCLUSIONS p53 is a rare and late event in prostate cancer, indicating that other molecular mechanisms may be of greater importance in the development of prostate cancer. The predictive value of p53 apparently depends on its association with high grade and advanced stage, and it is not a useful prognostic marker in prostate cancer. However, p53 status could play a role in the evaluation of patients prior to radiotherapy since p53 inactivation may produce radioresistant tumors.
Reexamining supply chain integration and the supplier's performance relationships under uncertainty

– Effective and efficient supply chain coordination requires the integration of all product flow processes. However, inconsistent empirical results have been obtained with respect to the relationships between supply chain integration (SCI) and performance. Drawing on efficiency-flexibility arguments, this paper seeks to develop a SCI model that includes buyer-supplier-supplier relationships, and proposes a contingency framework for reexamining the SCI-supplier performance relationship under demand and technological uncertainties. , – A two-stage data collection process was conducted, and a total of 878 suppliers that listed in the Taiwanese “Center-Satellite Production System” with supply contract were contacted for this study. Finally 164 suppliers were gathered and screened as valid responses. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses in this study. , – Evidence indicates that SCI has a significant positive effect on the suppliers' performance. The positive SCI-performance relationship can be moderately weakened by demand uncertainty; however, this positive SCI-performance relationship will be strengthened by technological uncertainty. , – While supply chain management is needed to manage the vertical and horizontal relationships simultaneously, this study offers a framework to solve efficiency-flexibility dilemma arguments when dealing with “exploitation” and “exploration” alternatives to help to reexamine the inconsistent SCI-performance relationship. Furthermore, based on transaction cost theory, this paper takes the nature of uncertainty into account for improving the theoretical background of the SCI-performance relationship arguments. Empirical results indicate the existence of an ambidextrous supply chain integration strategy which justifies the choice of which one is preferable in efficiency-flexibility dilemma arguments.
C3a and C3b Activation Products of the Third Component of Complement (C3) Are Critical for Normal Liver Recovery after Toxic Injury1

Although the complement system has been implicated in liver regeneration after toxic injury and partial hepatectomy, the mechanism or mechanisms through which it participates in these processes remains ill-defined. In this study, we demonstrate that complement activation products (C3a, C3b/iC3b) are generated in the serum of experimental mice after CCl4 injection and that complement activation is required for normal liver regeneration. Decomplementation by cobra venom factor resulted in impaired entry of hepatocytes into S phase of the cell cycle. In addition, livers from C3-deficient (C3−/−) mice showed similarly impaired proliferation of hepatocytes, along with delayed kinetics of both hepatocyte hyperplasia and removal of injured liver parenchyma. Restoration of hepatocyte proliferative capabilities of C3−/− mice through C3a reconstitution, as well as the impaired regeneration of C3a receptor-deficient mice, demonstrated that C3a promotes liver cell proliferation via the C3a receptor. These findings, together with data showing two waves of complement activation, indicate that C3 activation is a pivotal mechanism for liver regeneration after CCl4 injury, which fulfills multiple roles; C3a generated early after toxin injection is relevant during the priming of hepatocytes, whereas C3 activation at later times after CCl4 treatment contributes to the clearance of injured tissue.
Tests of International Asset Pricing Models in Scandinavian Stock Markets

Author: Niko Hurppu Title: Tests of International Asset Pricing Models in Scandinavian Stock Markets Faculty: School of Business Major: Finance Year: 2008 Master’s Thesis: 73 pages, 10 figures, 11 tables, 2 appendices Examiners: Professor Mika Vaihekoski Professor Minna Martikainen
Impact of HRM Practices on Employee’s Performance

This study was conducted to determine the impact of HRM practices on employee’s performance in the Textile industry of Pakistan. Random sampling technique was used to collect data for this research study. A questionnaire based on 34 items was distributed among 68 employees of textile industry for data collection. To check the association between HRM practices and employee’s performance, Pearson correlation statistical technique and regression analysis was applied on the data. The results indicate that HRM practices Compensation, Career Planning, Performance Appraisal, Training, and Employee Involvement have a positive impact on employee’s performance. Hence, it is proved that independent variables contribute positively towards change in the dependent variable.
Short-Selling Bans and Bank Stability

In both the subprime crisis and the eurozone crisis, regulators imposed bans on short sales mainly aimed at preventing stock price turbulence from destabilizing financial institutions. Contrary to the regulators’ intentions, financial institutions whose stocks were banned experienced greater increases in the probability of default and volatility than unbanned ones. Increases were larger for more vulnerable financial institutions. To take into account the endogeneity of short sales bans, we match banned financial institutions with unbanned ones with similar sizes and levels of riskiness and instrument the 2011 ban decisions with regulators’ propensity to impose a ban in the 2008 crisis. (JEL G01, G12, G14, G18) Received July 8, 2020; editorial decision September 8, 2020 by Editor Isil Erel.
The ATGL Gene Is Associated With Free Fatty Acids, Triglycerides, and Type 2 Diabetes

Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) was recently described to predominantly perform the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis and therefore seems to play a pivotal role in the lipolytic catabolism of stored fat in adipose tissue. In the first study investigating genetic variations within the ATGL gene in humans, 12 polymorphisms identified via sequencing and database search were studied in 2,434 individuals of European ancestry from Utah. These polymorphisms and their haplotypes were analyzed in subjects not taking diabetes medication for association with plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) as primary analysis, as well as triglycerides and glucose as a secondary analysis (n = 1,701, 2,193, or 2,190, respectively). Furthermore, type 2 diabetes (n = 342 of 2,434) was analyzed as an outcome. FFA concentrations were significantly associated with several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ATGL (P values from 0.015 to 0.00003), consistent with additive inheritance. The pattern was similar when considering triglyceride concentrations. Furthermore, two SNPs showed associations with glucose levels (P < 0.00001) and risk of type 2 diabetes (P < 0.05). Haplotype analysis supported and extended the shown SNP association analyses. These results complement previous findings of functional studies in mammals and elucidate a potential role of ATGL in pathways involved in components of the metabolic syndrome.
Molecular Epidemiology of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) Isolated from in Healthy and Subjects with Chronic Hepatitis B and C in Jahrom City of Iran

Background and Aims: Torque teno virus (TTV) is a DNA virus that isolated from the serum of a Japanese patient without A-G transfusion-transmitted hepatitis and other etiology. TTV is detectable in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, different body fluids and secretions such as stools, saliva, semen, vaginal fluid. The genome exhibits high diversity that has enabled the determination of several genotypes and subtypes and at least 30 genotypes have been identified. TTV might be seen as a risk factor in acute and chronic hepatitis, but it is not clear. Coinfection of TTV and HBV or TTV and HCV is common, because these viruses share the same transmission routes such as blood transfusion. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of TTV in patients with chronic HBV and HCV in the Southern of Iran and evaluate effect of TTV infection on the liver diseases. Materials and Methods: Serum samples collected from all hepatitis patients and healthy control subjects were included for serological tests for hepatitis B and C viruses. Briefly, DNA was isolated from serum of collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients and carry out Semi Nested PCR Detection for TTV DNA. Results: These results showed the significant relationship between TTV and the patients that had chronic HBV and HCV (p<0.01). Conclusion: According to the result of this study, the prevalence of TTV in patients with chronic HBV and HCV in the southern of Iran was 50.8 and 66.5 %, respectively. These results were comparable to those reported in previous studies ranging from 20% to 75.7% for hepatitis C and from 40% to 75% for hepatitis B patients.
Fumonisin Toxicity in Broiler Chicks

The effects of dietary fumonisin B1 were evaluated in young broiler chicks. The experimental design consisted of 5 treatments each with 9 randomly allotted male broiler chicks. Day-old chicks were fed diets containing 0 (feed control), 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg fumonisin B1/kg feed for 21 days. Response variables measured were chick performance, organ weights, serum biochemistry, and histologic parameters. Body weights and average daily gain dramatically decreased with increasing dietary fumonisin B1, and liver, proventriculus, and gizzard weights increased. Diarrhea, thymic cortical atrophy, multifocal hepatic necrosis, biliary hyperplasia, and rickets were present in chicks fed diets containing fumonisin B,. Serum calcium, cholesterol, and aspartate aminotransferase levels all increased at higher fumonisin dietary levels. Results indicate that fumonisin, from Fusarium moniliforme culture material, is toxic in young chicks.
THE SPITZER MID-INFRARED AGN SURVEY. II. THE DEMOGRAPHICS AND COSMIC EVOLUTION OF THE AGN POPULATION

We present luminosity functions derived from a spectroscopic survey of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected from Spitzer Space Telescope imaging surveys. Selection in the mid-infrared is significantly less affected by dust obscuration. We can thus compare the luminosity functions of obscured and unobscured AGNs in a more reliable fashion than by using optical or X-ray data alone. We find that the AGN luminosity function can be well described by a broken power-law model in which the break luminosity decreases with redshift. At high redshifts ( z > 1.6 ? > ), we find significantly more AGNs at a given bolometric luminosity than found by either optical quasar surveys or hard X-ray surveys. The fraction of obscured AGNs decreases rapidly with increasing AGN luminosity, but, at least at high redshifts, appears to remain at ≈ 50 ? > % even at bolometric luminosities ∼ 10 14 L ⊙ ? > . The data support a picture in which the obscured and unobscured populations evolve differently, with some evidence that high luminosity obscured quasars peak in space density at a higher redshift than their unobscured counterparts. The amount of accretion energy in the universe estimated from this work suggests that AGNs contribute about 12% to the total radiation intensity of the universe, and a high radiative accretion efficiency ≈ 0.18 − 0.07 + 0.12 ? > is required to match current estimates of the local mass density in black holes.
A delayed-implantation-associated protein prevents resumption of DNA synthesis by the trophectoderm of delayed-implanting mouse blastocysts in vitro.

Objective of this study was to determine the ability of a delayed-implantation-associated protein (MW 170,000, DIAP170K) to inhibit DNA synthesis by mouse blastocysts. Mice were ovariectomized on day 3 of pregnancy and treated with daily injections with 1 mg progesterone till day 7 to induce delayed implantation. Blastocysts were collected on day 8 with or without a single injection of 25 ng estradiol-17 beta on day 7 that activates blastocyst metabolisms (activated blastocysts and delayed-implanting blastocysts respectively). DNA synthesis was determined by measuring [3H]thymidine incorporation by blastocysts. DIAP170K at 10 micrograms/m/ suppressed resumption of DNA synthesis by delayed-implanting blastocysts and suppression was maximal at 50 micrograms/m/. However, DIAP170K did not affect DNA synthesis by blastocysts obtained on day 5 of pregnancy (normal blastocysts) and activated blastocysts. Resumption of DNA synthesis in the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm from delayed-implanting blastocysts was then separately assessed. DNA synthesis resumed in the trophectoderm of intact blastocysts during 24-hr culture but not in the trophectoderm cultured apart from the ICM. DIAP170K inhibited the resumption of DNA synthesis by the trophectoderm of intact delayed-implanting blastocysts but did not affect DNA synthesis by the ICM. In conclusion, DIAP170K inhibits resumption of DNA synthesis by trophectoderm of delayed-implanting blastocysts. This action of DIAP170K may play a central role in maintaining, but not achieving, dormancy of DNA synthesis by delayed-implanting blastocysts in mice.
The Dynamics of Leniency Application and Cartel Enforcement Spillovers

We study the timing of leniency applications using a novel application of multi-spell discrete-time survival analysis for a sample of cartels that were prosecuted by the European Commission (EC) between 1996 and 2014. The start of an EC investigation does not affect the rate at which conspirators apply for leniency in the market investigated but increases the rate of application in separate markets in which a conspirator in the investigated market also engaged in collusion. Our results shed light on enforcement efforts against cartels and other forms of conspiracy.
The Development of a Destination Management System (DMS) in South Tyrol

ABSTRACT Recent changes in modern information and communication technologies have resulted in a big challenge to create new interfaces among service providers and tourism organizations like a Destination Management System (DMS). The information revolution has reduced the transaction costs of communication and further democratized access to information and knowledge. DMO management generally requires a certain amount of cooperation and networking among the actors involved, which is highly complex and often results in high transaction costs. These costs may be decreased by means of a well-structured DMS. In South Tyrol, the northern-most province of Italy, a project was carried out by the European Academy of Bozen-Bolzano (EURAC) from 2001 to 2004, to develop a DMS for the thirteen DMOs of the province. After the project was successfully piloted by the destination ‘Eisacktal valley’ in the year 2001, it was extended to all regional tourism organizations of South Tyrol with the Upper Pusteria Valley presented as a case study in the paper. The article draws insights from the transaction costs theory of the New Institutional Economics on the potential role of DMOs in inducing a technological and strategic tool for the tourism industry.
Do Self-Services Really Pay Off?

Advancements in information technology have changed the way customers experience a service encounter and their relationship with service providers. Especially technology-based self-service channels have found their way into the 21st century service economy. While research embraces these channels for their cost-efficiency, it has not examined whether a shift from personal to self-service affects customer-firm relationships. Drawing from the service-dominant logic and its central concept of value-in-context, we discuss customers’ value creation in self-service and personal service channels and examine the long-term impact of these channels on customer retention. Using longitudinal customer data, we investigate how the ratio of self-service vs. personal service use influences customer defection over time. Our findings suggest that the ratio of self-service vs. personal service used affects customer defection in an U-shaped manner, with intermediate levels of both, self-service and personal service use, being associated with the lowest likelihood of defection. We also find that this effect mitigates over time. We conclude that firms should not shift customers towards self-service channels completely, especially not at the beginning of a relationship. Our study underlines the importance to understand when and how self-service technologies can create valuable customer experiences and stresses the notion to actively manage customers’ co-creation of value.
Specificity-Generality of Early Experience Effects

Animals which had been exposed to water traumatization in infancy were more emotional and made more errors on a water escape maze, but not on avoidance conditioning, than did non-traumatized control animals. The results, in conjunction with previous findings, suggest that early experience effects are trauma-relevrnt and do not generalize to all stressful situations experienced in adulthood.
Influence of Dividends on the Earnings Informativeness: Empirical Evidence in the BM & FBOVESPA

In this study we verify if payment of dividends increases the earnings informativeness of firms listed on the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange (BOVESPA). The study is based on the paper of Francis, Schipper and Vincent (2005), and adds an interaction variable between earnings and dividends in order to answer the research problem, which in turn raises the possibility that the dividends increase the earnings informativeness. The study is explanatory, with a positive approach and produces empirical results from information available in the Economatica® database. The period of the study covered the period from 2000 to 2009. We used multiple linear regression of panel data of a sample of 229 firms over 969 observations. Our findings indicate that earnings, when linked with the dividends, are more informative to explain/predict the stock price than if they are examined individually. Thus, the results suggest that dividends contribute positively to the informativeness of earnings as a predictor of stock returns.
Clinical pattern of ocular manifestations in vitiligo.

To study the ocular abnormalities in cases of vitiligo, 100 patients were examined who underwent a series of investigations e.g., complete haemogram, urine analysis, blood biochemistry and chest x-ray and 70 cases were taken as control. Patients with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, thyroid and auto-immune disorders were excluded. Detailed ocular examinations including recording of vision, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, ophthalmoscopy and examination of fundus by 90 D lens were done. Of 100 vitiligo patients, 23% showed hypopigmented sports on the iris, 18% pigmentation on anterior chamber, 9% retinal pigment epithelium hypopigmentation, 5% uveitis, 11% had chorioretinal degeneration and 34% had no ocular findings. There lies a strong association of ocular disorder in patients with vitiligo.