Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ALiCCE: Atomic Lines Calibration using the Cross-Entropy Algorithm

Atomic line opacities play a crucial role in stellar astrophysics. They strongly modify the radiative transfer in stars, therefore impacting their physical structure. Ultimately, most of our knowledge of stellar population systems (stars, clusters, galaxies, etc.) relies on the accuracy with which we understand and reproduce the stellar spectra. With such a wide impact on Astronomy, it would be ideal to have access to a complete, accurate and precise list of atomic transitions. This, unfortunately, is not the case. Few atomic transitions had their parameters actually measured in the laboratory, and for most of the lines the parameters were calculated with low precision atomic energy levels. Only a small fraction of the lines were calibrated empirically. For the purpose of computing a stellar spectral grid with a complete coverage of spectral types and luminosity classes, this situation is rather limiting. We have implemented an innovative method to perform a robust calibration of atomic line lists used by spectral synthesis codes called ALiCCE: Atomic Lines Calibration using the Cross-Entropy algorithm. Here we describe the implementation and validation of the method, using synthetic spectra which simulates the signal-to-noise, spectral resolution and rotational velocities typical of high quality observed spectra. We conclude that the method is efficient for calibrating atomic line lists.
PBI Membranes Via the PPA Process 10

Polyphosphoric acid (PPA) has long been used as a polymerization solvent. Its ability to be used at high temperatures and lack of side reactions and tar formation in the presence of organics has proven useful in polymer syntheses that require high temperatures for condensations, ring closure and aromaticity formation [1]. Thermally stable polymers, such as polybenzothiazoles, polyquinazolines, and polybenzimidazoles (PBIs), have all been successfully synthesized in PPA [2, 3]. PBI polymer and fibers have typically been produced through melt/solid polycondensation processes and spun from solutions of DMAc at concentrations over 20 wt% polymer as reported by Celanese and Conciatori et al. [2, 4]. Although the solubility of PBI in PPA would not allow for this high wt % of polymer to be dissolved for fiber production, PBI has sufficient solubility in PPA in order to produce films. For this reason, PPA is used as the polymerization solvent in both the conventional method of film formation and in the PPA process. The methods through which PBI membranes are processed have been found to greatly affect the properties and morphology of the membrane. Differences in acid loading, conductivity, mechanical properties, inherent viscosity and fuel cell performance have been shown to vary depending on the method through which the PBI was synthesized and processed. Two methods of processing have been shown to produce greater conductivity than the conventional imbibing method. Recent reviews by Savinell, Bjerrum, Li, Benicewicz, and Schmidt discuss PBI membranes for fuel cells prepared by many different methods [5–7]. In this review, we will focus on the preparation, properties and fuel cell performance of acid-doped membranes made by a unique sol–gel method termed the PPA process.
Randomized Tria l o f Cytoreduct ion and Hyperthermic Intraper i toneal Chemotherapy Versus Systemic Chemotherapy and Pal l ia t i ve Surgery in Pat ients With Per i toneal Carc inomatos is of Colorecta l Cancer

Purpose: To confirm the findings from uncontrolled studies that aggressive cytoreduction in combination with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is superior to standard treatment in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer origin. Patients and Methods: Between February 1998 and August 2001, 105 patients were randomly assigned to receive either standard treatment consisting of systemic chemotherapy (fluorouracil-leucovorin) with or without palliative surgery, or experimental therapy consisting of aggressive cytoreduction with HIPEC, followed by the same systemic chemotherapy regime. The primary end point was survival. Results: After a median follow-up period of 21.6 months, the median survival was 12.6 months in the standard therapy arm and 22.3 months in the experimental therapy arm (log-rank test, P .032). The treatment-related mortality in the aggressive therapy group was 8%. Most complications from HIPEC were related to bowel leakage. Subgroup analysis of the HIPEC group showed that patients with 0 to 5 of the 7 regions of the abdominal cavity involved by tumor at the time of the cytoreduction had a significantly better survival than patients with 6 or 7 affected regions (log-rank test, P < .0001). If the cytoreduction was macroscopically complete (R-1), the median survival was also significantly better than in patients with limited (R-2a), or extensive residual disease (R-2b; log-rank test, P < .0001). Conclusion: Cytoreduction followed by HIPEC improves survival in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. However, patients with involvement of six or more regions of the abdominal cavity, or grossly incomplete cytoreduction, had still a grave prognosis. J Clin Oncol 21:3737-3743. © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Economic Rationality under Cognitive Load

Economic analysis assumes that consumer behaviour can be rationalised by a utility function. Previous research has shown that some consistency of choices with economic rationality can be captured by permanent cognitive ability. No other known study however has examined how a temporary load in subjects’ working memory can affect economic rationality. Using two controlled laboratory experiments, we exogenously vary cognitive load by asking subjects to memorise a number while they undertake an induced budget allocation task (Choi et al., 2007a, b). Using a number of manipulation checks, we verify that cognitive load has adverse effects on subjects’ performance in reasoning tasks. However, we find no effect in any of the goodness-of-fit measures that measure consistency of subjects’ choices with the Generalized Axiom of Revealed Preference (GARP), despite having a sample size large enough to detect even small differences between treatments with 80% power. We also find no effect on first-order stochastic dominance and risk preferences. Our finding suggests that economic rationality can be attained even when subjects are placed under temporary working memory load, despite the fact that the load has adverse effects in reasoning tasks.
Assessing the accuracy of SRTM altitude data for the hilly area in northeastern Romania

SRTM data is still one of the most used data in geosciences for various purposes: geomorphometric analysis, environmental covariate modelling or geomorphic change detection. Although high resolution national/regional DEMs exist, very often accessing them is expensive, or their coverage is not complete over specific areas (only floodplains or cities are covered). Because of this SRTM still remains the best choice when elevation data is needed for regional/national or global areas. In order to assess the correctness of SRTM data to depict the real shape of Earth surface we used a regional high resolution DEM which cover a part of the hilly area of north-eastern Romanian. Both DEMs were converted to the same horizontal and vertical datum (Stereo 70 Romanian projection and the EGG97 geoid), interpolated to the same grid size and position and compared using raster algebra. The horizontal x and y components and the vertical component errors were assessed. The results show that the errors of the SRTM model are well consistent with its acquisition method (the presence of the trees and the topographic shadow) and does represent reasonably well the Earth’s surface in the study area. Anyhow, the resolution of the Earth features depicted on the SRTM model is limited by the acquisition method and does not incorporate landforms which have a vertical and horizontal wavelength under 100 m.
Assessment of clinical features and haematocrit levels in detection of hypoxaemia in sick children

Abstract This cross-sectional study was to determine the preva-lence of hypoxaemia among sick children in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria and correlate it with clinical features and haematocrit levels.Ninety-two (92) sick children aged 2–48 months hos-pitalised at the teaching hospital were recruited after obtaining consent from their carers.The prevalence of hypoxaemia in this study, defined by oxygen saturation of less than 90%, was 13%, and was not dependent on age or sex. A higher proportion of subjects with hypoxaemia had tachypnoea (81.8%), compared with those without (18.2%) (χ² = 1.69; p=0.19). The sensitivity of using tachypnoea alone to predict hypoxaemia was 18.4% while the specificity was 92.3%. The presence of hypoxaemia predicted poor outcome; 66.7% of those that died had hypoxaemia. The difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 17.9; p=0.00). Tachypnoea had a poor sensitivity although good specificity in predicting hypoxaemia. Presence of hy-poxaemia connotes poor prognosis. We recommend that finger pulse oximeters, which are cost effective, should be routinely available at hospitals in developing countries, so that hypoxaemia can be detected earlier and more intensive management instituted. be detected early with pulse oximeters and appropriate management promptly instituted. Pulse oximeters are however not widely and routinely available at health facilities in developing countries. This is complicated by a limited supply of oxygen, a key therapy in combating hypoxaemia and hypoxia. Often, therefore, the decision to administer oxygen and pay special attention to criti-cally ill children in low-income countries is dependent on sets of respiratory and non-respiratory signs that predict hypoxaemia,
A combined zone-LP and simulated annealing algorithm for unequal-area facility layout problem

Facility layout problem (FLP) is one of well-known NP-hard problems and has been demonstrated to be useful in enhancing the productivity of manufacturing systems in practice. This paper focuses on the unequal-area FLP (UA-FLP) whose goal is to locate departments with different areas within a given facility so as to minimize the total material handling cost. A novel approach, which we call a combined zone-linear programming (zone-LP) and simulated annealing algorithm, is developed for solving the UA-FLP. The zone-LP approach is a layout construction technique for the unequal-area departments and consists of two phases. In the first phase, a zoning algorithm is implemented to determine the relative positions between the departments. In this algorithm, for the sake of problem simplification and computational efficiency, each department is treated as a rectangle with an allowable aspect ratio and the area of the facility is assumed to be unbounded. In the second phase, by using the relative positions obtained in the first phase as input, a linear programming (LP) model is developed to identify the exact locations and dimensions of departments within the facility with specified sizes while satisfying their maximum aspect ratio requirement and the shape constraints. We also design a simulated annealing algorithm to improve the placing sequence. Finally, our computational results suggest that our proposed algorithm is efficient compared with the best existing approach in the literature. © 2016 PEI, University of Maribor. All rights reserved.
GALAXY CLUSTER BULK FLOWS AND COLLISION VELOCITIES IN QUMOND

We examine the formation of clusters of galaxies in numerical simulations of a QUMOND cosmogony with massive sterile neutrinos. Clusters formed in these exploratory simulations develop higher velocities than those found in ΛCDM simulations. The bulk motions of clusters attain ∼1000 km s−1 by low redshift, comparable to observations whereas ΛCDM simulated clusters tend to fall short. Similarly, high pairwise velocities are common in cluster–cluster collisions like the Bullet Cluster. There is also a propensity for the most massive clusters to be larger in QUMOND and to appear earlier than in ΛCDM, potentially providing an explanation for “pink elephants” like El Gordo. However, it is not obvious that the cluster mass function can be recovered.
Natural History of Reptilian Development: Constraints on the Evolution of Viviparity

OViParity, or egg-laying, is the dominant mode 01 reproduction among vertebrates. Nevertheless, viviparity, the retention of the egg within the reproductive tract until embryonic development is complete, characterizes almost all mammals; it has also had at least 150 independent origins within the fishes, amphibians, and reptiles (Shine 1985, Blackburn 1992, Wourms and Lombardi 1992). These multiple origins suggest pervasive benefits to viviparity across a wide range of taxa, life histories, and habitats. In the squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes), for example, viviparity is the most common reproductive mode in cold climates, and recent origins of viviparity in this group are also associated with cold climates (Shine 1985). Gravid females in cold climates can thermoregulate to keep embryos warmer than they would be in a nest, thus enhancing development. Thermo­ regulation by the female may thus ensure that birth occurs at the appropriate season or even that reproduction is successful at all. Viviparity is also advantageous in very wet or dry habitats, for example, because it obviates the need for females to find suitable sites in which to lay their eggs. In reptiles, viviparity is associated with a plethora of integrated morphological and physiological features that are not present in oviparous reptiles; these features are presumed necessary for successful embryonic develop­ ment in the oviduct (Packard et al. 1977, Guillette 1993). Early insights into the evolution of these reproductive fea­ tures were based on comparisons between typical oviparous and viviparous species. Some of the distin­ guishing features of the viviparous species examined were the major reduction or absence of an eggshell and the presence of some form of placentation (Weekes 1935 and included references). However, because the species used in these comparisons represented the extremes of a putative evolutionary sequence, their use as a model for elucidating the actual sequence or timing of the morphological and physiological changes attending the evolution of vivipari­ ty is limited. In fact, these observations are consistent with both a saltation model that posits that the characteristic features of viviparity arise suddenly and simultaneously, and a gradualist model that posits incremental evolution from one reproductive mode to the other (Blackburn 1992,1995).
Observations of Suprathermal Electrons in Mercury ’ s 2 Magnetosphere during the Three MESSENGER

George C. Ho, Richard D. Starr, Robert E. Gold, Stamatios M. Krimigis, James A. Slavin, 5 Daniel N. Baker, Brian J. Anderson, Ralph L. McNutt, Jr., Larry R. Nittler, Sean C. Solomon 6 7 8 9 The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA 10 Physics Department, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA 11 Academy of Athens, Office of Space Research and Technology, Soranou Efesiou 4, Athens 12 11527, Greece 13 Heliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, 14 USA 15 Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, 16 USA 17 Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 18 20015, USA 19 20 DRAFT 21
Specific determinants of intrinsic work motivation, emotional exhaustion and turnover intention: A multisample longitudinal study

This longitudinal study tested a theoretically derived pattern of specific relationships between work characteristics and outcomes. The research model proposed four central domains of the work situation (i.e. task characteristics, workload, social support and unmet career expectations) and three important psychological outcomes (i.e. intrinsic work motivation, emotional exhaustion and turnover intention). More specifically, it was hypothesized that intrinsic work motivation is primarily predicted by challenging task characteristics; emotional exhaustion is primarily predicted by a high workload and lack of social support; and turnover intention is primarily predicted by unmet career expectations. Furthermore, we hypothesized that (i) the research model is generalizable over samples; (ii) work characteristics at Time 1 influence outcomes at Time 2; and (iii) the proposed causal pattern of relationships holds over different occupational groups. These hypotheses were tested by means of self-report questionnaires among two samples (bank employees and teachers) using a full-panel design with two waves (one-year interval). Results showed that Hypothesis 1 was confirmed in both samples. Hypothesis 2 was confirmed in sample 1, but not in sample 2. In the latter sample, we found evidence for reverse causation. Hence, Hypothesis 3 could not be confirmed.
NMR OF AlF MINERALS 35 isolated AlF 6 octahedra ( S 0 ) without bridging F anions

Simulations of high-resolution F-decoupled Al and Na magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectra of the aluminofl uoride minerals, cryolite, cryolithionite, thomsenolite, weberite, chiolite, prosopite, and ralstonite combined with theoretical modeling have given accurate values of chemical shift (δiso), and quadrupolar interaction parameters (Cq and η), thereby eliminating ambiguities incurred by the complex nuclear interactions. These NMR data have been correlated with local electronic environments in the minerals, which were calculated using Full Potential Linearized Augmented Plane Wave (FP LAPW) modeling based on the structures from X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. This combination of NMR, XRD, and modeling techniques allowed the analysis and optimization of the crystal structures. The electronegativities and distances of neighboring ions, represented here by an environmental parameter χ, are shown to control δiso of both Na and Al. The calculations using χ, also show that the ions beyond the nearest neighbor play an important role in determining δiso of Al and Na in these aluminofl uoride minerals, and the substitution of OH for F signifi cantly affects the shielding around Al in prosopite and ralstonite. There is a positive correlation between the site distortion at the Na and Al sites and the values of Cq in these aluminofl uoride minerals.
Code and comprehension in written language : Considering limitations to the simple view of reading

The Simple View of Reading (SVR) was introduced by Gough and Tunmer in 1986 as a model to predict reading comprehension by means of two factors: decoding and linguistic comprehension. Over time, the SVR has acquired the status of a definition of reading, and it counts as a starting point for both research and teaching programmes for reading. In the present manuscript an attempt is made to maintain Gough and Tunmer’s (1986) original purpose of the SVR by discussing potential problems that arise when the SVR is applied beyond its original intention. This is done by means of a critical look at some core assumptions of the SVR. The basic argument put forward is that the SVR – with its two factors for prediction – provides teachers with no understanding of how reading develops in a society dominated by texts. The article presents some perspectives on how a focus shift in the use of the SVR could be brought about rather than claiming to provide a new, consistent framework.
Investigating Nucleation Using the Phase-Field Method

The first order phase transitions, like freezing of liquids, melting of solids, phase separation in alloys, vapor condensation, etc., start with nucleation, a process in which internal fluctuations of the parent phase lead to formation of small seeds of the new phase. Owing to different size dependence of (negative) volumetric and (positive) interfacial contributions to work of formation of such seeds, there is a critical size, at which the work of formation shows a maximum. Seeds that are smaller than the critical one decay with a high probability, while the larger ones have a good chance to grow further and reach a macroscopic size. Putting it in another way, to form the bulk new phase, the system needs to pass a thermodynamic barrier via thermal fluctuations. When the fluctuations of the parent phase alone lead to transition, the process is called homogeneous nucleation. Such a homogeneous process is, however, scarcely seen and requires very specific conditions in nature or in the laboratory. Usually, the parent phase resides in a container and/or it incorporates floating heterogeneities (solid particles, droplets, etc.). The respective foreign surfaces lead to ordering of the adjacent liquid layers, which in turn may assist the formation of the seeds, a process termed heterogeneous nucleation. Herein, we review how the phase-field techniques contributed to the understanding of various aspects of crystal nucleation in undercooled melts, and its role in microstructure evolution. We recall results achieved using both conventional phase-field techniques that rely on spatially averaged (coarse grained) order parameters in capturing the phase transition, as well as molecular scale phase-field approaches that employ time averaged fields, as happens in the classical density functional theories, including the recently developed phase-field crystal models.
Syphacia muris infection delays the onset of hyperglycemia in WBN/Kob-Leprfa rats, a new type 2 diabetes mellitus model

Summary Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders and its continuous global increase is due to factors as population growth, urbanization, aging, and increasing prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity. The effect of pinworm infection on the development of hyperglycemia was examined in WBN/K-Lepf (fa/fa) rats, a new model of the obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with pancreatitis. The rats were orally administered Syphacia muris eggs (infected group) and distilled water (control group). Hyperglycemia onset in the infected group was significantly delayed compared to the control group. Neither body weight nor intake of food and water were affected by S. muris infection. This study demonstrated that S. muris infection delayed the onset of T2DM in fa/fa rats and suggested that elucidation of the underlying mechanism and relevant pathways in the helminth-mediated protection may lead to the development of a new strategy to prevent diabetes mellitus.
Solar Occultation Satellite Data and Derived Meteorological Products: Sampling Issues and Comparisons with Aura MLS

Derived Meteorological Products (DMPs, including potential temperature (theta), potential vorticity, equivalent latitude (EqL), horizontal winds and tropopause locations) have been produced for the locations and times of measurements by several solar occultation (SO) instruments and the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). DMPs are calculated from several meteorological analyses for the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier Transform Spectrometer, Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II and III, Halogen Occultation Experiment, and Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement II and III SO instruments and MLS. Time-series comparisons of MLS version 1.5 and SO data using DMPs show good qualitative agreement in time evolution of O3, N2O, H20, CO, HNO3, HCl and temperature; quantitative agreement is good in most cases. EqL-coordinate comparisons of MLS version 2.2 and SO data show good quantitative agreement throughout the stratosphere for most of these species, with significant biases for a few species in localized regions. Comparisons in EqL coordinates of MLS and SO data, and of SO data with geographically coincident MLS data provide insight into where and how sampling effects are important in interpretation of the sparse SO data, thus assisting in fully utilizing the SO data in scientific studies and comparisons with other sparse datasets. The DMPs are valuable for scientific studies and to facilitate validation of non-coincident measurements.