Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intraspecific consistency and geographic variability in temporal trends of spring migration phenology among European bird species

In the course of the 20th century, migratory birds have shown rapid phenological changes in response to climate change. However, the spatial variability of phenological changes, as well as their intraspecific consistency, remains largely unexplored. Here we analysed 672 estimates of change in first arrival dates of migratory birds and 289 estimates of mean/median arrival dates, based on time series with a minimum duration of 15 yr, collected across Europe from 1960 to 2006. There were highly significant advances in arrival date, significantly more so for first than mean arrival date. Change in arrival dates significantly varied among species, implying that response to cli- mate change is a species-specific feature, and showed substantial phylogenetic effects, since ca. 50% of the variation in the observed trends was attributable to differences among species. The advance in first arrival date was weaker at extreme latitudes and stronger at intermediate latitudes, while geo- graphic variation in mean arrival dates was less pronounced. Both first and mean arrival dates advanced the most for short- compared to long-distance migrants. These findings emphasize the reli- ability of estimates of phenological trends of avian species, which are therefore suitable to be included in comparative analyses aimed at identifying species-specific traits that favour adaptation to climatic changes. In addition, our results suggest that analyses of factors that have affected pheno- logical responses to climate change should take into account spatial variation in the response, which could be due to spatial differences in the strength of climate change.
Changes in sea urchins and kelp following a reduction in sea otter density as a result of the Exxon Valdez oil spill

Interactions between sea otters Enhydra lutris, sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, and kelp were investigated following the reduction in sea otter density in Prince William Sound, Alaska, after the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989. At northern Knight Island, a heavily oiled portion of the sound, sea otter abundance was reduced by a minimum of 50 % by the oil spill, and from 1995 through 1998 remained at an estimated 66 % lower than in 1973. Where sea otter densities were reduced, there were proportionally more large sea urchins. However, except in some widely scattered aggregations, both density and biomass of sea urchins were similar in an area of reduced sea otter density compared with an area where sea otters remained about 10 times more abundant. Furthermore, there was no change in kelp abundance in the area of reduced sea otter density. This is in contrast to greatly increased biomass of sea urchins and greatly reduced kelp density observed following an approximate 90 % decline in sea otter abundance in the western Aleutian Islands. The variation in community response to a reduction in sea otters may be related to the magnitude of the reduction and the non-linear response by sea urchins to changes in predator abundance. The number of surviving sea otters may have been high enough to suppress sea urchin populations in Prince William Sound, but not in the Aleutians. Alternatively, differences in response may have been due to differences in the frequency or magnitude of sea urchin recruitment. Densities of small sea urchins were much higher in the Aleutian system even prior to the reduction in sea otters, suggesting a higher rate of recruitment.
The Study of Heterotrophic and Crude Oil-utilizing Soil Fungi in Crude OilContaminated Regions

In the present study, the population of heterotrophic and oil-utilizing fungi was investigated in soils with different oil contamination from Khuzestan, Iran. Diversity and distribution of soil population were determined in relation to a number of environmental factors such as pH, electrical conductivity and soil organic matter. In the soil samples, counts of the total heterotrophic fungi ranged from 0.41 ± 0.16 to 3333.33 ± 288.00 × 102 CFU/g soil while counts of crude oil-utilizing fungi ranged from 0.26 ± 0.10 to 2860.00 ± 163.20 × 102 CFU/g soil. In soil samples 3 and 5, population of oil-utilizing fungi was more than heterotrophic fungi. Moreover, sixty species belonging to thirteen fungal genera were isolated from oil-contaminated soils. The thirteen isolated fungal genera included Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Acremonium, Candida, Rhodotorula, Mucor, Aureobasidium, Cunninghamella, Rhizopus, Alternaria, Beauveria and Paecilomyces, among which Beauveria, Paecilomyces and species of Aspergillus were isolated only from mineral salts medium (MSM). Investigation of the isolation of fungi from oil-contaminated environments showed that abundance and fungal diversity in different stations were significantly different.
INFERNO: a fire and emissions scheme for the UK Met Office's Unified Model

Abstract. Warm and dry climatological conditions favour the occurrence of forest fires. These fires then become a significant emission source to the atmosphere. Despite this global importance, fires are a local phenomenon and are difficult to represent in large-scale Earth system models (ESMs). To address this, the INteractive Fire and Emission algoRithm for Natural envirOnments (INFERNO) was developed. INFERNO follows a reduced complexity approach and is intended for decadal- to centennial-scale climate simulations and assessment models for policy making. Fuel flammability is simulated using temperature, relative humidity (RH) and fuel load as well as precipitation and soil moisture. Combining flammability with ignitions and vegetation, the burnt area is diagnosed. Emissions of carbon and key species are estimated using the carbon scheme in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) land surface model. JULES also possesses fire index diagnostics, which we document and compare with our fire scheme. We found INFERNO captured global burnt area variability better than individual indices, and these performed best for their native regions. Two meteorology data sets and three ignition modes are used to validate the model. INFERNO is shown to effectively diagnose global fire occurrence (R = 0.66) and emissions (R = 0.59) through an approach appropriate to the complexity of an ESM, although regional biases remain.
Value tendency differences between pre-service social studies teachers within the scope of the East and the West

This study aims to comparatively examine the values that the students of the Department of Social Studies in Education Faculty at two universities located in the Eastern and Western parts of Turkey desire to find in people they interact with. Multiple methods, including quantitative and qualitative methods, were used in this study. The research was first shaped through content analysis method based on the qualitative research model and then through relational and statistical analysis based on the quantitative research model. The participants of this study were 84 students in total, 47 students from Marmara University in Istanbul from Western Anatolia and 37 students from Kafkas University in Kars from Eastern Anatolia. 48 of the students were female and 36 were male. The data were collected via questionnaires given to senior students at both universities. The qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis while the quantitative data were analyzed by Pearson Chi-Square, Yatest Chi-Square (Continuity Correction) and Fisher's Exact Test techniques. The statistical significance level was taken as P <0.05. The findings obtained from this research can be summarized as follows: students who participated in the study desire to find the values of effective communication, peace, honesty, maturity, sharing, unity, intellectuality, intelligence, personal care, culture and Ataturkism in the people they interact with. The pre-service social studies teachers are in compliance with the values included in the curriculum of the Department of Social Studies to a great extent. The findings of the present research have some similarities and differences compared to the studies of Spranger, Rokeach, and Schwartz. They desire to find values different in gender; there are some similarities and differences between the values found by the research findings and the values included in the curriculum. Almost all female students and majority of male students initially look for the value of Effective Communication in people they interact with and the value of Unity is not important for the students at either of the universities. Peace values are important for the students in both universities; almost half of the Eastern and Southern Anatolians and some of the Western Anatolians desire to see the value of honesty in people they interact with. There are no general differences between the value preferences of the Eastern and Western people. Key words: Social studies teaching, value orientations, value education, university youth, eastern-western difference.
A Sustainable Management Package to Improve Winter Wheat Production and Competition with Weeds

Advances in cultivar development and the demand for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as an ethanol feedstock has increased winter wheat acreage across the Canadian Prairies. A sustainable production package is required to maintain this renewed interest. Experiments were established in 2002-2004 at Lethbridge and Lacombe, AB, to determine cultivar, seeding rate, and herbicide effects on weed competition and crop yield. Treatments included a factorial combination of four contrasting cultivars (Radiant, CDC Osprey, CDC Falcon, and CDC Ptarmigan), three seeding rates (300, 450, and 600 seeds m -2 ), and two herbicide treatments (fall only or fall plus a spring in-crop herbicide). CDC Ptarmigan yield was higher (12%) than the other cultivars. This was expected as CDC Ptarmigan has higher yield potential, but its ability to maintain high yields in the presence of weeds was unexpected. The yield of CDC Falcon and Radiant was similar, but CDC Falcon had inferior weed competitive ability, as shown by yield differences, relative to the other three cultivars. CDC Osprey yielded less than the other cultivars. Grain yield was reduced when planted at 600 seeds m -2 by 4%, but weed biomass was less (40%). Spring in-crop herbicide application reduced weed biomass, but the extra application did not improve grain yield. These results suggest winter wheat yields can be maintained without added inputs of spring herbicides, and greater stability of yield, winter survival, and competitiveness will usually occur with increased seeding rates.
Analysis of technical efficiency of milk-producing farms in Minas Gerais

O objetivo deste artigo foi mensurar as eficiencias tecnica e de escala de propriedades produtoras de leite do Estado de Minas Gerais, considerando diferentes estratos de producao, e identificar os fatores determinantes desta eficiencia. Utilizaram-se como modelos analiticos a Analise Envoltoria de Dados (DEA) e um modelo econometrico Tobit e, como base de dados, informacoes de 771 propriedades produtoras de leite. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a maior parte das propriedades apresenta ineficiencia tecnica. Os pequenos produtores tem potencial para expandir suas producoes e produtividades, aumentando a eficiencia tecnica, visto que estao operando com retornos crescentes a escala. Os grandes produtores foram os que apresentaram as melhores medidas de eficiencia tecnica, explicada, em parte, pela presenca de fatores como acesso ao credito rural, treinamento e assistencia tecnica.
Clinical Study A 10-Week Multimodal Nutrition Education Intervention Improves Dietary Intake among University Students : Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing multimodal nutrition education intervention (NEI) to improve dietary intake among university students.The design of study used was cluster randomised controlled design at four public universities in East Coast of Malaysia. A total of 417 university students participated in the study.They were randomly selected and assigned into two arms, that is, intervention group (IG) or control group (CG) according to their cluster. The IG received 10-week multimodal intervention using three modes (conventional lecture, brochures, and text messages) while CG did not receive any intervention. Dietary intake was assessed before and after intervention and outcomes reported as nutrient intakes as well as average daily servings of food intake. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and adjusted effect size were used to determine difference in dietary changes between groups and time. Results showed that, compared to CG, participants in IG significantly improved their dietary intake by increasing their energy intake, carbohydrate, calcium, vitamin C and thiamine, fruits and 100% fruit juice, fish, egg, milk, and dairy products while at the same time significantly decreased their processed food intake. In conclusion, multimodal NEI focusing on healthy eating promotion is an effective approach to improve dietary intakes among university students.
ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PENERAPAN PERNYATAAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAHAN NOMOR 13 PADA PUSKESMAS TEGALREJO YOGYAKARTA PERIODE 2016-2017

Abstrak: Analisis Rasio Keuangan Sebelum Dan Sesudah Penerapan Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan Nomor 13 Pada Puskesmas Tegalrejo Yogyakarta Periode 2016-2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Rasio Keuangan ditinjau dari Rasio Likuiditas, Rasio Solvabilitas, Rasio Profitabilitas, dan Rasio Aktivitas sebelum dan sesudah penerapan PSAP Nomor 13 pada Pelaporan Keuangan Puskesmas Tegalrejo Yogyakarta. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis komparatif sederhana pada Pelaporan Keuangan Puskesmas Tegalrejo dengan menggunakan Rasio Keuangan tahun 2016-2017 yang meliputi Rasio Likuiditas, Rasio Solvabilitas, Rasio Profitabilitas, serta Rasio Aktivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Rasio Solvabilitas tahun 2016 dan 2017 Puskesmas Tegalrejo Yogyakarta diperoleh hasil bahwa analisis Rasio Likuiditas pada Puskesmas Tegalrejo mengalami penurunan, hasil Rasio Solvabilitas diperoleh meningkat. Sementara hasil Rasio Profitabilitas cenderung mengalami peningkatan, serta rasio aktivitas mengalami penurunan. Kata Kunci: Laporan Keuangan, Penyajian Laporan Keuangan, Rasio Keuangan, Rasio Likuiditas, Rasio Solvabilitas, Rasio Profitabilitas, Rasio Aktivitas.
Resource-Based and Value-Based Extension for Archimate

The concept of resource and value in the archimate that is too general allows for modeling and communication problems. Therefore, an ontological analysis is needed to evaluate and redesign the concept of resource and value on the archimate. In this paper, Unified foundational ontology (UFO) is used in conducting an ontological analysis on the concept of resource and value. An ontological analysis is done by considering the mapping between the concept on Archimate and ontology concept on UFO. Semantic problems in resource and value concepts are found when the ontological analysis is performed. The result of this study is Archimate extension with the improvement of resource and value concept. The resulting extension was successfully applied in case studies and was able to handle semantic problems that were identified.
Environment Perceptions and Conservation Preferences along the Coatepec-La Antigua Watershed, México

Abstract In order to obtain and compare social perceptions on natural resources in the watershed area of Coatepec - La Antigua, in central Veracruz, Mexico and to determine the significance that each landscape has for people, a method based on a picture enquiry was used to measure landscape perception. Additional questions assessed the importance of landscape meaning and functions and revealed differences in perception among 370 respondents. The results afford important insights into public perception. Coffee plantations, urban setting, farm and river landscapes were preferred over grasslands, corn plantation, forest and town landscapes. Respondents showed a predilection for managed or cultivated environments and urban settings over other natural landscapes. It is concluded that a differentiation in views of nature and landscape can be identified in the different groups of social actors regarding landscape.
A version of the law of large numbers

where f is a function with period 1. By the criterion of Weyl [12], (1) holds for any strictly increasing sequence {λk} of real numbers satisfying λk+1 − λk ≥ δ > 0 and for all bounded Riemann integrable functions. We are interested in extending this result to Lebesgue integrable functions. We now give a brief survey on studies in this direction. Khintchin [4] conjectured that, in case λk = k, (1) is valid for all indicator functions of Borel sets. In case λk = 2 , Raikov [7] proved (1) for all f ∈ L, where L denotes the class of locally p-integrable functions with period 1. Later, Riesz [8] pointed out that it is an example of ergodic theorem. Kac, Salem and Zygmund [3] proved (1) assuming λk+1/λk ≥ q > 1, f ∈ L and ‖f − s(n, f)‖2 = O((logn) ) for some ε > 0. Here s(n, f) denotes nth sub-sum of the Fourier series of f and ‖ · ‖2 the L -norm. Erdős [2] relaxed the condition to ‖f − s(n, f)‖2 = O((log logn) ). Moreover, he constructed a sequence with λk+1/λk ≥ q > 1 and a square integrable function for which (1) fails to hold. This example shows that (1) cannot be expected to be valid for all integrable functions and sequences. Assuming ∑ n ‖f − s(n, f)‖ 2 2/n < ∞, Koksma [5] proved (1) for a sequence {λk} of positive numbers with λk+1 − λk ≥ δ > 0.
Examination of Voluntary Wheel Running and Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in the Sarcolipin Knock-Out Mouse

Sarcolipin (SLN) is a small sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) integral membrane protein that regulates the SR Ca-ATPase (SERCA). Previous studies indicate that the functional interaction between SLN and SERCA is thermogenic in nature. Recently, SLN knock-out (SLNKO) mice have been shown to develop excessive obesity and glucose intolerance when placed on a high-fat diet (HFD; 42% kcal derived from fat) relative to wild-type (WT) littermates, implicating SLN in diet-induced obesity. The purpose of this thesis was two-fold: 1) to determine whether an excessively obese phenotype persists when SLNKO mice are given access to voluntary exercise, and 2) to determine if SLN ablation results in a deficit in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, given the integral role cellular Ca plays in mitochondrial metabolism. Mice were fed either standard chow or a HFD for 8 weeks, and remained sedentary or given access to voluntary running wheels during this period. Glucose tolerance was assessed preand post-diet, along with weight gain and adiposity. Skeletal muscle succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), citrate synthase (CS), cytochrome c oxidase (COX), and 3hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (ß-HAD) activities were measured in the soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) of both chowand high-fat fed sedentary mice. Both average daily running distance and total exercise volume were not different between WT and SLNKO mice given voluntary running wheels. As before, sedentary SLNKO mice gained more mass following the HFD relative to WT counterparts (P < 0.05); however, no difference in mass gain existed between genotype for voluntary exercising mice on a HFD. Despite this, SLNKO animals were more obese and glucose intolerant following high-fat feeding, regardless of activity status (P < 0.05). Under chow-fed
Evaluating the carbon cycle of a coupled atmosphere‐biosphere model

We investigate how well a coupled biosphere‐atmosphere model, CCM3‐IBIS, can simulate the functioning of the terrestrial biosphere and the carbon cycling through it. The simulated climate is compared to observations, while the vegetation cover and the carbon cycle are compared to an off‐line version of the biosphere model IBIS forced with observed climatic variables. The simulated climate presents some local biases that strongly affect the vegetation (e.g., a misrepresentation of the African monsoon). Compared to the off‐line model, the coupled model simulates well the globally averaged carbon fluxes and vegetation pools. The zonal mean carbon fluxes and the zonal mean seasonal cycle are also well represented except between 0° and 20°N due to the misrepresentation of the African monsoon. These results suggest that, despite regional biases in climate and ecosystem simulations, this coupled atmosphere‐biosphere model can be used to explore geographic and temporal variations in the global carbon cycle.
An Analysis of the Impact of Fadama III Project on Poverty Alleviation in Delta State, Nigeria

This study specifically sought to determine the average income of Fadama user and non Fadama user households based on their crop, livestock and off-farm activities as relating to project implementation and also the proportion of the Fadama user households attaining the observed average income. 152 participating households in Fadama III Project and 50 non participating households were randomly selected for this study. Data were collected by well trained enumerators through the use of well structured and pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed through the use of Descriptive and Inferential statistical tools. The Double-Difference (DD) Estimator was used to compare changes in outcome measures. Findings indicate that average age of the respondents was 52.4 years while 54.95% were males and about 68% were married with 20% possessing no formal education. (73.71%) of the respondents have household sizes ranging from 4 to 10 members. The average per capita income of the Fadama user households before the project implementation was N 62,480.00 while that of the Fadama III non beneficiaries was N63,572.00. On the average, the real income of Fadama III beneficiaries increased by about 36.67% (From N62, 480.00 to N85,391.42) as a result of participation in the project. By contrast however, average real income of Fadama III non beneficiaries increased only by 11.6% from N63,572.00 to N73,743.52. The mean increase in income for participants in Fadama III was significantly different from that of non participants at p = 0.05. Appropriate policy to ensure proper education of rural populace is advocated.
AcuteMyeloid Leukemia with the t ( 8 ; 21 ) Translocation : Clinical Consequences and Biological Implications

The t(8;21) abnormality occurs in a minority of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. The translocation results in an in-frame fusion of two genes, resulting in a fusion protein of one N-terminal domain from the AML1 gene and four C-terminal domains from the ETO gene. This protein has multiple effects on the regulation of the proliferation, the differentiation, and the viability of leukemic cells. The translocation can be detected as the only genetic abnormality or as part of more complex abnormalities. If t(8;21) is detected in a patient with bone marrow pathology, the diagnosis AML can be made based on this abnormality alone. t(8;21) is usually associated with a good prognosis. Whether the detection of the fusion gene can be used for evaluation of minimal residual disease and risk of leukemia relapse remains to be clarified. To conclude, detection of t(8;21) is essential for optimal handling of these patients as it has both diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.