Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glycogen content in the gastric mucosa of partially resected stomach ; a possible relationship with the development of cancer

Since gastric carcinoma, unlike uninvaded mucosa, has a relatively high glycogen content and the risk of gastric carcinoma is especially high in patients with a partially resected stomach, the aim of this study was to follow glycogen storage in both uninvaded gastric stump mucosa and carcinoma developing in the stump postsurgery performed for benign and malignant conditions. One hundred patients were recruited, including controls with non-operated stomachs (duodenal ulcer or gastric cancer patients). In endoscopically taken biopsies glycogen was determined by the anthrone method. It was found that the glycogen content in the gastric remnants was higher than in non-operated stomachs and increased with the time after surgery. It is possible that the risk of gastric cancer, which increases with the time from surgery, may be related to glycogen storage.  1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
Comprehensive microsurgical anatomy of the jugular foramen and review of terminology

The microsurgical anatomy of the jugular foramen was studied in 12 formalin preserved cadavers (24 foramina) and 40 dry-skulls (80 foramina). The jugular foramen was exposed by microsurgical dissection with drilling from a superior to inferior direction. Observations regarding dural architecture of the jugular foramen and relationships between neurovascular structures passing through the foramen were noted in cadavers. Normal bony construction of the foramen and its variational anatomy were examined in dry-skull specimens. Using photographs and drawings, the anatomy of the jugular foramen is presented and related terminology is discussed in the light of a literature review.
Size-dependent Disaggregation of Stable Protein Aggregates by the DnaK Chaperone Machinery*

Classic in vitro studies show that the Hsp70 chaperone system from Escherichia coli(DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE, the DnaK system) can bind to proteins, prevent aggregation, and promote the correct refolding of chaperone-bound polypeptides into native proteins. However, little is known about how the DnaK system handles proteins that have already aggregated. In this study, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was used as a model system to generate stable populations of protein aggregates comprising controlled ranges of particle sizes. The DnaK system recognized the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase aggregates as authentic substrates and specifically solubilized and refolded the protein into a native enzyme. The efficiency of disaggregation by the DnaK system was high with small aggregates, but the efficiency decreased as the size of the aggregates increased. High folding efficiency was restored by either excess DnaK or substoichiometric amounts of the chaperone ClpB. We suggest a mechanism whereby the DnaK system can readily solubilize small aggregates and refold them into active proteins. With large aggregates, however, the binding sites for the DnaK system had to be dynamically exposed with excess DnaK or the catalytic action of ClpB and ATP. Disaggregation by the DnaK machinery in the cell can solubilize early aggregates that formed accidentally during chaperone-assisted protein folding or that escaped the protection of “holding” chaperones during stress.
Surgical Repair of Distal Biceps Tendon Ruptures

Background Rupture of the distal biceps brachii tendon has most commonly been repaired by anatomic reattachment of the tendon to the radial tuberosity by a single- or two-incision approach. Researchers have studied suture anchor attachment through a single incision, but the tendon-suture interface and bone quality have not previously been analyzed. Hypothesis Suture anchor repair results in stiffness and tensile strength equal to that of bone-tunnel repair for biceps tendon rupture. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Twelve matched pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric elbow specimens were used. Suture anchor and bone-tunnel tendon repairs were performed in a randomized fashion. Each specimen was loaded to tensile failure. Load-displacement graphs were generated to calculate repair stiffness, yield strength, and ultimate strength. Computed tomography bone density measurements and additional statistical analyses were then performed after grouping the specimens by mode of failure. Results The bone-tunnel repair was found to be significantly stiffer in all cases and to have significantly greater tensile strength than the suture anchor repair in the younger, nonosteoporotic elbows. Conclusions Suture anchor repairs were not as stiff or strong as bone-tunnel repairs. Clinical Relevance Biceps tendon surgery using the traditional two-incision technique yields a stronger and stiffer repair in the typical patient with this injury.
CD4+ T Cells Recognizing a Single Self-Peptide Expressed by APCs Induce Spontaneous Autoimmune Arthritis1

We have examined processes leading to the spontaneous development of autoimmune inflammatory arthritis in transgenic mice containing CD4+ T cells targeted to a nominal Ag (hemagglutinin (HA)) and coexpressing HA driven by a MHC class II promoter. Despite being subjected to multiple tolerance mechanisms, autoreactive CD4+ T cells accumulate in the periphery of these mice and promote systemic proinflammatory cytokine production. The majority of mice spontaneously develop inflammatory arthritis, which is accompanied by an enhanced regional immune response in lymph nodes draining major joints. Arthritis development is accompanied by systemic B cell activation; however, neither B cells nor Ab is required for arthritis development, since disease develops in a B cell-deficient background. Moreover, arthritis also develops in a recombinase activating gene-deficient background, indicating that the disease process is driven by CD4+ T cells recognizing the neo-self HA Ag. These findings show that autoreactive CD4+ T cells recognizing a single self-Ag, expressed by systemically distributed APCs, can induce arthritis via a mechanism that is independent of their ability to provide help for autoantibody production.
Trypsin cleavage of human cystathionine beta-synthase into an evolutionarily conserved active core: structural and functional consequences.

Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) catalyzes the condensation of homocysteine and serine to cystathionine-an irreversible step in the eukaryotic transsulfuration pathway. The native enzyme is a homotetramer or multimer of 63-kDa (551 amino acids) subunits and is activated by S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) or by partial cleavage with trypsin. Amino-terminal analysis of the early products of trypsinolysis demonstrated that the first cleavages occur at Lys 30, 36, and 39. The enzyme still retains the subunit organization as a tetramer or multimer composed of 58-kDa subunits. Analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry showed that further trypsin treatment cleaves CBS in its COOH-terminal region at Arg 413 to yield 45-kDa subunits. This 45-kDa active core is the portion of CBS most conserved with the evolutionarily related enzymes isolated from plants, yeast, and bacteria. The active core of CBS forms a dimer of approximately 85 kDa. The dimer is about twice as active as the tetramer. It binds both pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and heme cofactors but is no longer activated by AdoMet. Further analysis suggests that the dissociation of CBS to dimers causes a decrease in enzyme thermostability and a threefold increase in affinity toward the sulfhydryl-containing substrate-homocysteine. We found that the COOH-terminal region, residues 414-551, is essential for maintaining the tetrameric structure and AdoMet activation of the enzyme. The inability of the active core to form multimeric aggregates has facilitated its crystallization and X-ray diffraction studies.
Integration of patient‐reported outcome measures with key clinical outcomes after immediate latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction and adjuvant treatment

Clinical evidence on patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMS) in breast reconstruction is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate PROMs in implant‐assisted latissimus dorsi (LDI) or tissue‐only autologous latissimus dorsi (ALD) flap reconstruction in relation to complications and adjuvant treatments.
Secularization: In Defence of an Unfashionable Theory

1. Describing Secularization 2. Explaining Secularization 3. Clarifying Secularization 4. Religion Outside the Churches 5. Contemporary Spirituality 6. Superstition 7. The Supply-side Alternative 8. Unexceptional America 9. Secularization Elsewhere 10. Will Conflict Reverse Secularization?
Phenotypic plasticity in the developmental integration of morphological trade-offs and secondary sexual trait compensation

Trait exaggeration through sexual selection will take place alongside other changes in phenotype. Exaggerated morphology might be compensated by parallel changes in traits that support, enhance or facilitate exaggeration: ‘secondary sexual trait compensation’ (SSTC). Alternatively, exaggeration might be realized at the expense of other traits through morphological trade-offs. For the most part, SSTC has only been examined interspecifically. For these phenomena to be important intraspecifically, the sexual trait must be developmentally integrated with the compensatory or competing trait. We studied developmental integration in two species with different development: the holometabolous beetle Onthophagus taurus and the hemimetabolous earwig Forficula auricularia. Male-dimorphic variation in trait exaggeration was exploited to expose both trade-offs and SSTC. We found evidence for morphological trade-offs in O. taurus, but not F. auricularia, supporting the notion that trade-offs are more likely in closed developmental systems. However, we found these trade-offs were not limited solely to traits growing close together. Developmental integration of structures involved in SSTC were detected in both species. The developmental integration of SSTC was phenotypically plastic, such that the compensation for relatively larger sexual traits was greater in the exaggerated male morphs. Evidence of intraspecific SSTC demands studies of the selective, genetic and developmental architecture of phenotypic integration.
Paravascular cells in endosteal spaces of alveolar bone contribute to periodontal ligament cell populations

Enddosteal spaces of alveolar bone communicate with the periodontal ligament and may contribute to its cell populations. We examined cell proliferation and migration in endosteal spaces and in the periodontal ligament contiguous with these spaces. Radioautographs of mouse mandibular molar were prepared from animals pulse‐injected with 3H‐Tdr and sacrificed in groups of 22 mice each at 1 h, 1, 3, and 7 d after labeling. Cell counts, labeling indices, grain counts, and progenitor cell ratios were determined. The data indicate that endosteal spaces are enriched with 3H‐Tdr‐labeled progenitor cells whose progeny rapidly migrate out of the compartment. The periodontal ligament contiguous with the endosteal spaces exhibited 5 times as many labeled cells as other sites in this tissue. Thickened areas of cementum were coincident with the openings of endosteal spaces in over 64% of observations. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that cells migrate from endosteal spaces into the periodontal ligament and there express the phenotype for osteoblasts or cementoblasts.
Genetic Deletion of Klf4 in the Mouse Intestinal Epithelium Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate–induced Colitis by Modulating the NF-&kgr;B Pathway Inflammatory Response

Background:Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc finger transcription factor expressed in the differentiated epithelial cells lining of the intestine. Under physiological conditions, KLF4 inhibits cell proliferation. Conversely, KLF4 mediates proinflammatory signaling in macrophages and its overexpression in the esophageal epithelium activates cytokines, leading to inflammation-mediated esophageal squamous cell cancer formation in mice. Here, we tested whether KLF4 has a proinflammatory activity in experimental colitis in mice. Methods:Villin-Cre;Klf4fl/fl mice with intestine-specific Klf4 deletion (Klf4&Dgr;IS) and control mice with floxed Klf4 gene (Klf4fl/fl) were treated or not with 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. Additionally, WT mice were administered or not, nanoparticles loaded with scrambled or Klf4-siRNA, and concomitantly given DSS. Results:Compared with DSS-treated Klf4fl/fl mice, DSS-treated Klf4&Dgr;IS mice were significantly less sensitive to DSS-induced colitis. DSS treatment of Klf4fl/fl mice induced Klf4 expression in the crypt zone of the colonic epithelium. DSS-treated Klf4&Dgr;IS mice had increased proliferation relative to DSS-treated control mice. DSS treatment induced NF-&kgr;B signaling pathway in Klf4fl/fl mice colon but not Klf4&Dgr;IS mice. Additionally, WT mice given DSS and nanoparticle/Klf4-siRNA were less sensitive to colitis and had reduced Klf4 expression and while maintaining the proliferative response in the colonic epithelium. Conclusions:Our results indicate that Klf4 is an important mediator of DSS-induced colonic inflammation by modulating NF-&kgr;B signaling pathway and could be involved in the pathogenesis and/or propagation of inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, Klf4 may represent a novel therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease.
Testing association in the presence of linkage — a powerful score for binary traits

We present a score for testing association in the presence of linkage for binary traits. The score is robust to varying degrees of linkage, and it is valid under any ascertainment scheme based on trait values as well as under population stratification. The score test is derived from a mixed effects model where population level association is modeled using a fixed effect and where correlation among related individuals is allowed for by using log‐gamma random effects. The score, as presented in this paper, does not assume full information about the inheritance pattern in families or parental genotypes. We compare the score to the semi‐parametric family‐based association test (FBAT), which has won ground because of its flexible and simple form. We show that a random effects formulation of co‐inheritance can improve the power substantially. We apply the method to data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. We compare our findings to previously published results. Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epilepsy Surgery in Children Compared to Adults

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of various surgical techniques and surgical outcome between pediatric and adult populations that underwent epilepsy surgery by the same team.Methods: All patients who underwent epilepsy surgery at the Tel Aviv Medical Center between 1997 and 2006 and had been followed up for >2 years were eligible for this study. The majority (90%) of all epilepsy surgeries carried out in Israel were performed in this institution and by a single neurosurgeon. Only patients that underwent video-EEG monitoring as part of the presurgical evaluation were included in the study. Results: A total of 186 patients (131 adults and 55 children) underwent epilepsy surgery in our institute during the study period, and follow-up was available for 177 patients (95%). While the adults underwent significantly more temporal lobe resections (51 vs. 20%, p < 0.0001), the children had significantly more extra-temporal non-lesional resections (18 vs. 1%, p < 0.0001) and hemispherectomies (5 vs. 1%, p = 0.002). Over one half (54%) of all the patients had a postoperative reduction in seizures of >90%, and 72% had a reduction of >50%, with no group difference in surgical success. Among the lesionectomies, the outcome was better for tumors, especially those in the temporal lobe. Only 1% of the patients had a long-term neurological deficit.Conclusions: Children comprised 30% of the epilepsy surgical cases during the study period. Children underwent more non-lesional resections and hemispherectomies, while adults underwent more temporal lobe resections. There was no age-related difference in surgical outcome.
On the detection of the generalized synchronization in the complex network with ring topology *

In this paper, the generalized synchronization in a complex network consisting of nodes being chaotic systems is studied. The main focus is on the applicability of the auxiliary system approach for the detection of the generalized synchronization phenomena in the complex networks with ring topology. It will be shown analytically and by numerical simulations that this method is applicable for the detection of the generalized synchronization in the unidirectional complex networks with nodes being the generalized Lorenz systems connected in a closed chain.
Ecological Factors Affecting the Flight Phenology of the Endangered Coenonympha nipisiquit (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Abstract Coenonympha nipisiquit McDunnough (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) is an endemic butterfly species that has been recorded only in 10 salt marshes of eastern Canada. Despite obtaining the endangered status and benefiting from a conservation program, the populations of this species appear to be declining. However, a lack of information about the ecology of the species and current demographics undermines potential in-situ conservation efforts. To identify the environmental factors affecting the emergence phenology and flight period of this species, daily visual counts of adult C. nipisiquit were carried out on a daily basis from 2011 to 2015 during the flight period along transects in four marshes where the butterfly maintains a continuous presence. A series of environmental parameters was collected during the monitoring. Additive modeling indicated that the accumulation of degree-days above 7 °C from mid-May contributed to the synchronization of adult emergence and flight in C. nipisiquit and identified a number of abiotic factors having an impact on the activity and monitoring of this insect. Data also indicated that some demographic aspects of this butterfly differ between sites and confirmed that C. nipisiquit has been declining from 2011 to 2015. In conclusion, this study not only generated information critical to the adjustment of the conservation program for C. nipisiquit, but also indicated that the extirpation of this species from its natural range should remain a concern.
Calculating the effects of linear dependencies in m-sequences used as test stimuli

When pseudorandom patterns generated by a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) are used as test stimuli, there is always a concern about the linear dependencies within the sequence of patterns. It is possible for these linear dependencies to prevent a specific test pattern from being present in the sequence of applied patterns. These dependencies and ways to calculate their effects on a particular test are discussed. Using the analysis procedures outlined, it is possible to construct the sampling polynomial that describes the connection between a fault under test and the STUMPS structure. This sampling polynomial can then be analyzed to determine if the connection contains any linear dependencies. If a linear dependency is present in the connection, and if it prevents a required test from being presented to the fault under test, the connections between the fault under test and the STUMPS structure must be changed. <<ETX>>
Relationship between the functional outcomes and radiological results of conservatively treated displaced proximal humerus fractures in the elderly: A prospective study

Purpose: The purpose of this prospective study is to investigate the relationship between the functional outcome and the radiographic results of conservatively treated two-, three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures in patients aged over 65 years. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 29 prospectively followed cases aged over 65 years who presented with displaced proximal humerus fracture between 2009 and 2011. The fractures were classified according to the Neer classification and all met the displacement criteria described by Neer. Standard physical therapy program was applied. Patients were evaluated clinically using Constant shoulder score, quick form of disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand score and visual analog scale. At the final follow-up, humeral head position in the coronal plane was assessed with neck-shaft angle. Any complication was recorded during the treatment period. Correlation between the functional outcomes and final radiologic results were statistically analyzed. Results: Data were analyzed from 29 cases (21 female, 8 male) with a mean age was 78 ± 8.6 years (range 65-93 years). The mean follow-up period was 18.2 ± 4.07 months (range 12-26 months). Functional results were significantly related with initial fragmentation. However, there was no correlation between the functional outcomes and the final geometry of the humeral head. Despite the union occurred with deformity, the functional outcome were satisfactory. Conclusion: The results of this study show that initial fragmentation has a negative effect on the functional results. However, the changed position of the humeral head on coronal plane does not affect the final functional results.
A systematic review of interventions to prevent suicidal behaviors and reduce suicidal ideation in older people

ABSTRACT Background: Older people have a high risk of suicide but research in this area has been largely neglected. Unlike for younger age groups, it remains unclear what strategies for prevention exist for older adults. This systematic review assesses the effectiveness of interventions to prevent suicidal behavior and reduce suicidal ideation in this age group. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for relevant publications from their dates of inception until 1 April 2016. Studies included in this review report effectiveness data about interventions delivered to older adults to prevent suicidal behavior (suicide, attempted suicide, and self-harm without suicidal intent) or reduce suicidal ideation. A narrative synthesis approach was used to analyze data and present findings. Results: Twenty one studies met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Most programs addressed risk predictors, specifically depression. Effective interventions were multifaceted primary care-based depression screening and management programs; treatment interventions (pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy); telephone counseling for vulnerable older adults; and community-based programs incorporating education, gatekeeper training, depression screening, group activities, and referral for treatment. Most of the studies were of low quality apart from the primary care-based randomized controlled trials. Conclusions: Multifaceted interventions directed at primary care physicians and populations, and at-risk elderly individuals in the community may be effective at preventing suicidal behavior and reducing suicidal ideation in older adults. However, more high quality trials are needed to demonstrate successful interventions.
Design and control of an AUV with weight balance

This paper presents a preliminary design of autonomous underwater vehicle platform entitled as KAUV-1. It is shaped like a torpedo with light weight and small size and is used for marine exploration and monitoring. The KAUV-1 has a unique ducted propeller located at aft end with yawing actuation acting as a rudder. For depth control, the KAUV-1 uses a mass shifter mechanism to change its center of gravity, and consequently, can control pitch angle and then depth of the vehicle. The paper also presents about equations of motion and a particular PD depth control strategy for the KAUV-1. The proposed system is validated by simulating performance of the vehicle with a developed depth controller.