Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Wedged Footwear on Lower Limb Frontal Plane Biomechanics During Running

Objective:Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), the most common running injury, has been associated with increased internal knee abduction angular impulses (KAAI). Wedged footwear can reduce these impulses during walking, but their effects during running are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of wedged footwear on KAAIs and describe the mechanism by which wedged footwear alters KAAIs during running. Design:Controlled laboratory study. Setting:Motion analysis laboratory. Participants:Nine healthy male subjects. Interventions:Participants ran at a speed of 4 m/s with 7 different footwear conditions (3-, 6-, and 9-mm lateral wedges; 3-, 6-, and 9-mm medial wedges; neutral). Main Outcome Measures:Knee abduction angular impulses and 8 predictor variables were measured and compared by 1-way repeated measures analysis of variance (&agr; = 0.05) with Bonferroni-adjusted 2-tailed paired t tests for post hoc analysis (&agr; = 0.002). Correlation (&agr; = 0.05) was used to determine the relationship between the mediolateral center of pressure to ankle joint center (COP-AJC) lever arm length and KAAIs. Results:Laterally wedged conditions produced significantly lower KAAIs (P = 0.001) than medial wedge conditions. Peak knee abduction moments decreased (P = 0.001), whereas ankle inversion moments (P = 0.041) and the COP-AJC lever arms increased (P < 0.001) as wedges progressed from medial to lateral. KAAIs were negatively correlated with COP-AJC lever arm length (r = −0.50, P < 0.001). Conclusions:KAAIs are reduced with laterally wedged footwear because of lateral shifts in the center of pressure beneath the foot, which then increases ankle inversion moments and decreases peak knee abduction moments. Laterally wedged footwear may therefore offer greater relief to runners with PFPS than medially wedged footwear by reducing KAAIs.
Affinity of thymic self-peptides for the TCR determines the selection of CD8(+) T lymphocytes in the thymus.

Experiments with synthetic antigen peptides have suggested that a critical parameter that determines the developmental fate of an immature thymocyte is the affinity of interaction between TCR and self-peptide/MHC expressed on thymic stromal cells. To test the physiological relevance of this model for thymocyte development, we determined the affinity of the anti-HY TCR (B6.2.16) expressed on CD8(+) cells for thymic self-peptide/H-2D(b) tetramers, then examined the ability of these self-peptides to determine the outcome of B6.2. 16 CD8 cell selection in the thymus. The B6.2. 16 TCR bound the male HY self-antigen with high affinity. Thymic self-peptides, which are highly abundant on the surface of thymic epithelial cells, bound the B6.2. 16 TCR with low affinity. The ability of self-peptides to trigger positive or negative selection of B6.2. 16 CD8 cells in cultured fetal thymi was determined by the relative affinity of self-peptide/H-2D(b) for the B6.2. 16 TCR. High-affinity binding of the HY self-peptide resulted in B6.2. 16 TCR complex zeta chain phosphorylation and the negative selection of B6.2. 16 CD8 cells. Low-affinity binding of thymic self-peptides to B6.2. 16 TCR resulted in the positive selection of B6.2. 16 CD8 cells. Differences between the binding affinities of self-peptides to B6.2. 16 TCR accounted for the self-peptide specificity of B6.2. 16 CD8 cell positive selection. We conclude that the relative affinity of TCR for thymic self-peptide/class I MHC is a critical parameter in determining fate of CD8(+) cells during thymic selection.
Thiopental Treatment after Global Brain Ischemia in Pigtailed Monkeys

The authors investigated the value of high-dose thiopental (TH) therapy after 16-min complete global brain ischemia (GBI) in three groups of pigtailed monkeys, using a neck cuff model of GBI with 96 h intensive care postischemia (PI). Control group (n18): Normotension was restored within 2 min PI; paralysis/controlled ventilation was maintained for 48 h PI with 50% N2O/O2. Thiopental loading group (n13): Control treatment plus TH-loading with 90 mg/kg iv given from 5 to 65 min PI (mean peak TH plasma level 130 μg/ml). Thiopental anesthesia group (n14): Control treatment plus TH anesthesia with 90 mg/kg iv given over 12 h PI (sustained TH plasma levels of 25–35 μg/ml and EEG burst suppression). Norepinephrine requirement for blood pressure control PI was greater in the TH groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). Lidocaine was needed for control of arrhythmias in the TH loading group. There was no significant difference in mortality or neurologic outcome between the groups. At 96 h PI seven of 11 animals were awake in the control group, compared with seven of 12 and six of 12 in the two TH groups. Neurologic deficit scores (NDS) for the survivors at 96 h PI were 23 ± 6% (mean ± SD) (n10) in the control group, compared with 25 ± 9% (n11) and 26 ± 12% (n10) in the two TH groups (NDS 100% = brain death, 0% = normal). Seizures PI (in 1–2 of each group) were associated with worse neurologic deficits. At 96 h PI, all three groups had developed the same type and distribution of histologic lesions. Thus, the authors were unable to demonstrate any brain-damage-ameliorating effect of TH loading or TH anesthesia after 16 min GBI in pigtailed monkeys.
Quantitation of surface-membrane and intracellular gamma, mu and kappa chains of normal and neoplastic human lymphocytes.

Using automated haemagglutination and haemagglutination-inhibition methods which are capable of measuring gamma, mu or kappa chains in the nanogram range, we have examined a variety of normal and neoplastic human lymphocyte populations for the amounts of their surface-membrane and internal immunoglobulins. We find IgG to be the predominant immunoglobulin on the surface-membrane and within various normal human lymphocytes, including thymocytes. IgM, in addition to IgG, is found on the surface of tonsil cells. Chronic lymphatic leukaemic lymphocytes consistently had small amounts of surface-membrane immunoglobulin and larger amounts internally (usually IgM), whereas large amounts of immunoglobulin (usually IgM) were present on the surface-membranes and internally in leukaemic lymphosarcoma cells. Both types of cells had the B-specific surface-antigens. Different types of lymphatic leukaemias may represent neoplastic counterparts of different stages of B cell differentiation.
Pricing to Market Behaviour and The Impacts on Export Prices of Indonesian Industrial Products

In this paper, the pricing behavior of Indonesian Industrial Product Exporters was studied by estimating the degree of Exchange Rate Pass Through (ERPT) of Industrial Export Product Price (at the 4-digit level of Harmonized System classification) towards two Indonesian major trading partners in facing the exchange rate fluctuations during 2005-2014 on basis of the market heterogeneity. The Pricing to Market (PTM) model was estimated through the panel data regression model of exports to China and Japan markets. This was to distinguish commodities based on its industrial sector (2 digit ISIC classification) and to correct changes in the level of inflation and openness in the export destination market, a macroeconomic policy index partly reflecting changes in exporter’s costs, the share of the exporter in the destination market and the share of the products in the exporter’s total exports. It was found that, in Indonesia, differences between export markets are more important than differences across industry. To sum, when the PTM behavior occurs, a country using exchange rate as an instrument to fix the trade balance would face
Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies: a

: In this paper, we will show the potential of the Blockchain system in helping society to overcome various needs of the modern era, such as the requirement for intermediaries between the exchange of values in an economy that occurs in situations of buying and selling a good or service and when taking out an investment or a loan. The use of intermediaries makes transactions less profitable for both sides. We will deal with technical points of technology and we also exemplify how the weaknesses of this resource, perceived throughout the dissertation, and debated by society, can be fought and liquidated. We will present solutions already implemented and we will discuss about the possibility of new solutions that may be available in the future using the blockchain as a basis. I hope that by the end of this monograph, the reader will have the main terms, characteristics, as well as weaknesses and strengths to be overcome in a Blockchain network. At the same time, we analyzed the opportunities for using the network, and how this technology - if applied globally - would positively change the world and the way we live, by delivering a platform on which a society could implement several of its characteristics; being this platform safe, transparent, inviolable, decentralized, forums controlled by governments and corporations.
Biosynthesis and characterization of 3‐hydroxyalkanoate terpolyesters with adjustable properties by Aeromonas hydrophila

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) terployesters P(3HB‐co‐3HV‐co‐3HHx) consisting of 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3HB), 3‐hydroxyvalerate (3HV), and 3‐hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) were produced by wild‐type Aeromonas hydrophila 4AK4, its recombinant harboring PHA synthesis genes phaPCJ encoding PHA binding protein phasin, PHA synthase, and enoyl‐CoA hydratase, and another its recombinant harboring phaAB encoding beta‐ketothiolase and acetoacetyl‐CoA reductase, respectively, when grown in lauric acid and/or valerate. The terpolyesters produced by A. hydrophila 4AK4 (phaAB) grown in velarate were found to produce copolymers P(3HB‐co‐3HV) containing high 3HV fractions with a maximum of 99 mol% 3HV. In terpolyesters, 3HV ranged from 9 to 32 mol% depending on the valerate concentration and strain used. A maximal terpolyester P(3HB‐co‐3HV‐co‐3HHx) content in dry cells was 71 wt%. Transmission electron microscopy study of A. hydrophila 4AK4 harboring phaPCJ revealed the full occupation of terpolyester P(3HB‐co‐3HV‐co‐HHx) in the cellular spaces. Terpolyesters with various monomer compositions showed changing thermal and mechanical properties. Those with higher 3HV fractions demonstrated an improved property over the lower HV containing ones. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 582–589 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atypical semantic knowledge and autobiographical memory disorder in a young adult with Downs syndrome

A study of lexical semantic knowledge and autobiographical memory is described in PQ, a 22-year-old male with Downs syndrome. Performance is compared with younger typically developing verbal mental age controls. PQ's lexical stores contained a normal number of items, however, he was impaired at naming both pictures and item descriptions. PQ's own descriptions of items contained a normal volume of information, but the pattern of information differed from normal as he produced less ‘sensory’ and more ‘thematic’ and ‘functional’ information. PQ has an autobiographical memory deficit. His ability to recall ‘specific’ memories was significantly impoverished. It is suggested that both PQ's naming difficulties and his autobiographical memory disorder may reflect atypical knowledge specification with absence of distinctive featural knowledge and increased conceptual overlap and looser networks pervasive across both semantic and autobiographical memory systems.
Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis-specific DNA by PCR in intestinal biopsies of dogs.

BACKGROUND Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the cause of paratuberculosis. MAP infections have not been reliably detected in dogs, but a reemerging debate about the link between MAP and Crohn's disease has renewed interest about the occurrence of MAP in pets. HYPOTHESIS This study was undertaken to examine canine intestinal biopsies for the presence of MAP-specific DNA. ANIMALS Forty-two dogs with chronic vomiting, diarrhea, or both; and 14 dogs with no gastrointestinal disease. METHODS All dogs with signs of gastrointestinal disease had a standard work-up for chronic gastrointestinal disease. Endoscopically obtained intestinal biopsies were submitted for histopathologic and molecular investigations. Biopsies were screened for MAP-specific DNA by 3 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods (nested, seminested, and triplex real-time PCR). Samples from control dogs were obtained during necropsy. RESULTS Histopathology of the biopsies was indicative of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in 17 and neoplasia in 6 dogs. Six dogs showing nonspecific changes responded to diet and were classified as having food-responsive enteropathy. In 13 dogs a final diagnosis was not established. MAP-specific DNA was detected and confirmed by sequencing in 8 dogs (19%). These dogs were diagnosed with food-responsive enteropathy (n=3), IBD (n=2), and open diagnosis (n=3). MAP-specific DNA was not detected in dogs with no gastrointestinal disease. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE MAP-specific DNA was detected in approximately one fifth of dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease and might play a role as a pathogenic agent. Apart from animal welfare, the zoonotic aspect warrants further studies addressing the viability of MAP organism in canine intestinal biopsies by culture.
Juggling work and family commitments. by Helen Glezer

tag=1 data=Juggling work and family commitments. by Helen Glezer tag=2 data=Glezer, Helen tag=3 data=Family Matters, tag=5 data=28 tag=6 data=April 1991 tag=7 data=6-12. tag=8 data=FAMILIES tag=10 data=Findings about how mothers and fathers in the workforce balance their family commitments and work obligations. tag=11 data=1991/3/7 tag=12 data=91/0617 tag=13 data=CAB
Sleep and depression.

BACKGROUND Of all the psychiatric disorders associated with insomnia, depression is the most common. It has been estimated that 90% of patients with depression complain about sleep quality. Since the first reports of short rapid eye movement (REM) latency in depressed patients and of the effect of sleep deprivation on depression in the 1970s, numerous sleep studies have provided extensive observations and theoretical hypotheses concerning the etiology and pathophysiology of depression. The aim of this review is to summarize knowledge regarding the relationships between sleep and depression. DATA SOURCES AND SELECTION MEDLINE and PsycINFO searches of the literature published in English or French between 1964 and 2005 that examined the relationships between sleep disturbance and depression were conducted. Search terms used were depression, depressive disorder, affective disorder, mood disorders, seasonal affective disorder, sleep, sleep disorders, insomnia, REM, polysomnography, sleep deprivation, electroencephalography, PET, SPECT, and fMRI. DATA SYNTHESIS Two hundred five papers were identified and selected and then integrated into the following categories: sleep architecture, antidepressive therapies, age- and gender-associated differences, functional imaging results, and sleep-related hypotheses explaining the pathophysiology of depression. CONCLUSION Numerous studies provide findings indicating the remarkable relationship between sleep alterations and depression. Although the existing hypotheses are not likely to explain all aspects of the sleep alterations in depression, each may be worth being maintained for refinements of pathophysiologic models of depression as new data accumulate. Further research taking into account the heterogeneity of depressive disorder and linking the different areas of research is needed to develop more comprehensive theoretical models and new therapies for depression.
Discontinuous sequence change of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 env sequences in plasma viral and lymphocyte-associated proviral populations in vivo: implications for models of HIV pathogenesis

Sequence change in different hypervariable regions of the external membrane glycoprotein (gp120) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was studied. Viral RNA associated with cell-free virus particles circulating in plasma and proviral DNA present in HIV-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were extracted from blood samples of two currently asymptomatic hemophiliac patients over a 5-year period. HIV sequences were amplified by polymerase chain reaction to allow analysis in the V3, V4, and V5 hypervariable regions of gp120. Rapid sequence change, consisting of regular replacements by a succession of distinct viral populations, was found in both plasma virus and PBMC provirus populations. Significant differences between the frequencies of sequence variants in DNA and RNA populations within the same sample were observed, indicating that at any one time point, the predominant plasma virus variants were antigenically distinct from viruses encoded by HIV DNA sequences in PBMCs. How these findings contribute to current models of HIV pathogenesis is discussed.
Why not be "smarter"? Examining the factors that influence the behavioral intentions of non-smartphone users

Despite the evident and dramatic increase in smartphone usage worldwide, some consumers continue to use traditional mobile phones. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavioral intentions of these laggard and non-smartphone users. ,This current study examines the effects of consumer demographics, psychographics, and smartphone characteristics on the intentions of non-smartphone consumers to switch or resist the use of smartphones. Data were collected using a convenience sample of non-smartphone users in Taiwan. The proposed model is tested using the consistent partial least squares (PLSc) path modeling technique. ,PLSc results indicate that consumer psychographics and smartphone characteristics play more important roles than consumer demographics. Specifically, price consciousness, nostalgia, and perceived ease of use are good predictors of intention to switch, whereas perceived usefulness and ease of use are strong predictors of the intention to resist smartphone adoption. ,The results of this study have implications for mobile phone vendors and mobile manufacturers who target non-smartphone users or laggard adopters. ,This study is among the few that focus on non-smartphone users’ perceptions of smartphones. Hence, this empirical study could contribute to the development and testing of theories related to the smartphone adoption process.
The Analysis of Individual’s Behavioral Intention in Using Mobile Banking Based on TAM and UTAUT 2

The purpose of this research is to examine the factors that influence the behavioral intention of consumers to use mobile banking services. The proposed model has factors from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2). This research is a quantitative research and the data was collected using survey method, i.e. questionnaires. The respondents are 314 undergraduate active students from accounting department in Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Brawijaya. The research data and hypothesis are analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS). The research findings mainly indicate that behavioral intention to use mobile banking is significantly and positively influenced by perceived usefulness, social influence and facilitating conditions. In contrast, perceived ease of use and price value do not affect user’s behavioral intention to use mobile banking. Keywords: Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, Price Value, Behavioral Intention to Use Mobile Banking
Learning the Adoption of Mushroom Farming Partnership: A Case Study of Farmers and an Enterprise from Cianjur Distric, West Java, Indonesia

Mushroom farming is one of the profitable agribusiness especially for rural areas in developing countries. It can be adopted and applied as a sideline or main business. Through a partnership, farmers are indeed able to resolve their falter caused by production problems and market challenges. However, some questions emerge about the effectiveness of partnerships. Learning the adoption of the partnership specifically on mushroom farming can provide more understanding about its strengths and its weaknesses for further better use. This study aims to review the adoption process and the experience of an informal partnership case between a mushroom enterprise and farmers using qualitative and non-parametric quantitative approaches framed by Rogers’s innovation–decision process. The result shows that the partnership delivers ample benefits for the farmers and is recommended especially for rural society in certain conditions, though before and after the implementation, some issues were found, and suggestions are given for improvement.
Response to a letter to the editor: UroVysion FISH for diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma

To the Editor: We appreciate the comments of Drs. Joob and Wiwanitkit, and we feel that they have raised a valid question about the utility of fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. However, we believe we are justified in our conclusion that the UroVysion FISH test is confirmatory for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma, based on prior studies of large series of patients and our own clinical experience with this test. We do feel that, at the current time, FISH can be effectively used to establish the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma based on biliary brushing samples. Our case was primarily notable for the patient’s extremely young age at time of diagnosis and the role that FISH played in solidifying his diagnosis. Both his routine cytology and FISH results were consistent with a diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. The use of FISH as an adjunctive technique when evaluating biliary brush cytology specimens obtained via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is becoming increasingly common, with many centers either offering the service ‘‘in house’’ or as a ‘‘send out’’ to other centers that perform this analysis. Although the technique has been designed for use in urologic samples to test for the presence of urothelial carcinoma, when used on pancreaticobiliary samples several studies have shown a markedly improved sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pancreaticobiliary malignancy, especially in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) (as our patient had); the test appears to be even more valuable when combined with routine cytology. The UroVysion probes target the pericentromeric regions of the chromosomes 3 (CEP 3), 7 (CEP 7), and 17 (CEP 17) as well as the chromosomal band 9p21 (LSI 9p21). It may be that other regions are worth targeting as well, but as currently used the technique appears to be safe, effective, and valuable.
Market Reaction to CEO Turnover: Empirical Evidence from Fortune 500 Firms

This paper applies event study analysis to explore the impact of change in leadership on the market return of Fortune 500 firms. The study analyzes various market reaction following the announcement of CEO's departure along with the circumstances leading to it . The results show that on the occurrence of the event, market reacts positively in line with “ability hypothesis”. Especially inside succession comparatively found to provide better market reaction than outside succession. However the type of departure showed no statistically significant abnormal returns Further abnormal return prior to the event was witnessed suggesting information leak. Overall the study is consistent with Efficient Market Hypothesis.