Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mycotoxin occurrence on baled and pit silages collected in Co. Meath

Abstract Recent studies of baled silages produced in Ireland have identified considerable filamentous fungal contamination. Many of these fungi are toxigenic, capable of producing secondary metabolites, namely mycotoxins. Mycotoxins are potentially detrimental to livestock health and some can pose a risk to consumers of animal products. Baled (n=20) and pit (n=18) silages from a sample of farms (n=38) in Co. Meath were examined to assess the occurrence of mycotoxins and ascertain whether sampling position within the pit silos (feed face vs. 3 m behind the feed face) has an effect on mycotoxin content or other chemical compositional variables. Of the 20 mycotoxins assayed, baled silages contained [mean of positive values (no. of values in mean)] mycotoxin concentrations (μg/kg dry matter) of beauvericin 36 (2), enniatin (enn.) A 9.3 (3), enn. A1 54 (8), enn. B 351 (9), enn. B1 136 (10), mycophenolic acid (MPA) 11,157 (8) and roquefortine C (Roq. C) 1037 (8) and pit silages contained beauvericin 25 (2) enn. A1 18 (2), enn. B 194 (9), enn. B1 57 (3), MPA 287 (6), Roq. C 3649 (6) and zearalenone 76 (1). There was no difference (P>0.05) observed in the mycotoxin concentrations between baled and pit silages, and 11 of the 20 mycotoxins assayed were below the limits of detection. The position of sampling had no effect on the mycotoxin concentration detected in pit silages. It is concluded that mycotoxin concentrations detected in these pit and baled silages in Co. Meath did not exceed EU regulation or guidance limits, and that similar chemical composition and mycotoxin concentration values occurred at the pit silage feed face and 3 m behind this feed face.
Untangling Real Gravity

We derive a real gravity equation and gain several new insights that were hidden in the nominal specification used so far. Most importantly, the real effective exchange rate (REER) of the exporter and, via the importer's terms of trade, also the importer's REER matter, and we can identify the elasticity of substitution. We estimate real gravity for 18 OECD countries. Therefore, we extend the untangling normalization method from an “it” to an “ijt” panel data model and use it to exploit all variables proposed by theory, despite a broad set of fixed effects (FE). We find that both REERs are important and estimate an elasticity of substitution of 1.5. If we assume homogeneous parameters, as is common, the remaining unexplained exporter-time and importer-time deviations are still substantial, relaxing this assumption improves this. We now explain 64 and 70% of the exporter-time and importer-time deviations, respectively, and thus the majority of the exporter and importer multilateral resistances. Untangling normalization helps to get a better view of what is still unexplained by theory.
Variability of winter sea ice in Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea in a regionally coupled climate model

To investigate interaction and feedback mechanisms of different climate components in the Arctic, we use a regional atmosphere-ocean model setup, consisting of the global ocean – sea-ice model MPIOM with high resolution in the Arctic coupled to the regional atmosphere model REMO. We perform an experiment using reanalysis data from the European Center of Medium Range Weather Forecast (ERA-40) as external forcing to simulate the climate of the last decades (1958–2001). We analyze this experiment in order to improve our understanding of ocean – sea-ice – atmosphere processes at the marginal ice zone in the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian (GIN) Sea. We present first results on the variability of the marginal ice zone in GIN Sea, where in the last century the commonly named Arctic Odden has been observed frequently, an ice tongue with large daily variability in size and shape. We are interested in the dynamics of the formation of such a sea-ice tongue and show that in our model advection of ice rather than new ice formation is the driving mechanism. Zusammenfassung: Um das Zusammenspiel und Rückkopplungseffekte zwischen den arktischen Klimakomponenten zu analysieren, verwenden wir ein regional gekoppeltes Atmosphären – Ozean-Modell, bestehend aus dem globalen Ozean – Meereis-Modell MPIOM mit hoher regionaler Auflösung in der Arktis und dem regionalen Atmosphärenmodel REMO. Als Randdaten für dieses Modell verwenden wir Reanalyse-Daten (ERA-40) des europäischen Zentrums für mittelfristige Wettervorhersagen ECMWF und simulieren das Klima der letzten Dekaden (1958–2001). Wir präsentieren erste Ergebnisse über die Meereisvariabilität in der Grönland-Island-Norwegen-See, in der im letzten Jahrhundert regelmäßig der sogenannte arktische Odden, eine Zunge aus Meereis mit großer täglicher Variabilität in Größe und Form, beobachtet wurde. Diese Eiszunge hat direkten Einfluss auf den Wärmeund Salzhaushalt in dieser Region und dadurch auf die Dynamik der darunterliegenden Wassermassen und die Tiefenwasserproduktion. Wir sind daran interessiert, wie solche arktischen Odden entstehen und zeigen, dass in unserem Modell eher Advektion von Eis als Bildung von neuem Eis der zugrunde liegende
Stress of medical practitioners in private healthcare industry

Stress is a universal and inevitable component of life. The article reports findings of a study aimed to determine the sources of stress among medical practitioners in private hospitals. The context of the study is medical practitioners in private hospitals and clinics in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Field study was conducted and primary data collection instrument was questionnaires. The questionnaire was based on five dimensions: workload, working conditions, role overload, sleep deprivation and unrealistic demands of the patients. The data was analyzed through statistical techniques using SPSS Version 16. Findings of the study revealed that sleep deprivation was the most important source of stress, followed by workload, working conditions, role overload and unrealistic demands of patients. The study provides a piece of evidence which may be used to illustrate the stress level of private practitioners in the healthcare industry in a developing country. Results of this study are useful to guide and inform healthcare management and policy measures.
Individualization and religious authority in Western European Islam

In the literature on Western Europe’s Muslim communities, the question of whether Muslim beliefs and practices are transforming (or not) in a historically new environment and, one hastens to add, in a new global setting, has become a central issue in the course of the last decade or so. In an often highly politicized environment where transformation continues to be measured by the criteria of compatibility with supposedly European values, interest in this question has notably stimulated an ongoing debate about the structure of religious life inside Europe’s Muslim populations. The question is one of the degree of individualization characteristic of Muslim religiosity, and the usefulness of a study of Muslim institutions which have been rapidly increasing in number in almost all the countries of Europe. Put differently, two interrelated questions are whether Muslims are ‘Europeanizing’ through individualization, and whether the claims made by Islamic groups and organizations nevertheless need to be taken into account by public actors on the basis that these groups do represent the views of ‘ordinary’ believers. While a substantial number of important studies have until recently identified individualization of religious beliefs as the major development in Europe’s Muslim communities, today a growing number of authors have become interested in the thorny issue of religious authority in Islam and have attempted to examine its modulation in the Western European context. Although these two strands of scholarly work often address similar questions and partly overlap in their concerns, direct engagement between them has been until now rather limited and the apogee of the scholarly debate still seems to lie ahead. Substantial differences in the extent and orientation of theorizing by scholars participating in the debate, and the usual obstacles posed by disciplinary boundaries, are only two reasons Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations, Vol. 17, No. 1, 105–118, January 2006
Extraction of Nickel Nanoparticles from Electroplating Waste and Their Application in Production of Bio-diesel from Biowaste

concentrations of Cr +6 , Ni +2 , Cu +2 and Zn +2 ions were much more than the permissible norms of discharge which causes serious damage to the environment. To cater this issue, these heavy metal ions were extracted from the sample and then converted to their respective oxide nanoparticles by chemical precipitation and sol-gel methods respectively. And then, these nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR and XRD techniques. Also one of the major wastes produced in India is the butchery waste which causes severe health problems and is aesthetically unpleasant. This paper mainly focuses on the production of biodiesel from butchery waste by a new pathway utilizing heterogeneous nano-catalysts of Nickel(Ni +2 ) (extracted from electroplating waste) for the process of trans-esterification, which produces biodiesel which are mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids (FAME-Fatty Acid Methyl Esters).
The Effect of Family-Based Telephone Follow-Up on Self-Care of Patients with Diabetes

Introduction: Family-centered education of patients with diabetes mellitus can play an important role in controlling the disease and reducing its complications. Objective: The present study aims to determine the effect of family-based telephone followup about self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Uromia. Materials and Methods: The present clinical trial study investigated 60 patients with diabetes. These 60 patients were randomly enrolled and divided into control (n = 30) and intervention (n = 30) groups. The intervention group received family-centered follow-up for three months. The data collection tool was demographic, the diabetes self-care questionnaire was completed through in-person interviews before and after intervention in both groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square, T-test, and MannWhitney test). Results: The results of this study showed that after the family-based telephone follow-up, the mean self-care scores and the dimensions (nutrition, physical activity, blood glucose control, foot care, and self-care) were significantly different between the intervention and control groups (P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of adherence to the medication regimen after the intervention between the two groups. Conclusion: Family-oriented follow-up by a nurse can have important effects on self-care and its dimensions (nutrition, physical activity, blood glucose control, and foot care) in patients with diabetes. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses follow up and educate the family members of patients to participate in diabetes care.
Airport mobile marketing as a channel to promote cross-selling

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the airport mobile marketing and what elements have had a positive or negative influence in cross-selling via an airport app. Design/methodology : For this analysis, a survey was conducted to users that use the Schiphol Amsterdam Airport app. A total of 103 questionnaires were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings: This study found that security/control factor supplied by the mobile marketing tool to passengers at the airport, it has been demonstrated that it favours an increase in cross-selling. in addition, if an airport is perceived to have a good brand image, it will have a positive effect in cross-selling. Originality/value : This paper is the first research that examines the impact of mobile marketing in airports. Smelling multiple products and services to the same client before, during, and post consumption is a marketing technique that intends to (1) satisfy a client’s need and (2) increase a company’s profit by using cross-selling and other complementary services. Airline companies are experts in carrying out this activity, and airports have found that mobile applications are the perfect tool to increase their commercial profits. Offering complementary products and services is a very lucrative business, and a mobile device or smartphone are -- and will become -- the ideal medium to meet users’ demands as well as to improve the passenger experience. Keywords: mobile marketing, cross-selling, information, security-control, image-perception, satisfaction, WOM
The Impact of Public Funds on Private R&D Investment: New Evidence from a Firm Level Innovation Study ∗

This paper investigates the effectiveness of a public innovation policy aimed at stimulating private R&D investment. The research will examine whether public funding increases the total spending on research or merely displaces funding from private sources. The empirical analysis is based on the Community Innovation Surveydata merged with register data. It is an evaluation of whether firms receiving public funds have on average a higher R&D intensity compared to those not receiving any such support. In order to account for possible selectivity bias, and to improve comparability of firms, two different versions of a semi-parametric matching approach are employed. The two matching estimators result in somewhat different results. The Nearest Neighbour estimator is preferred to the Kernel estimator. The results support the hypothesis suggesting that there are additive effects of public R&D financing on private research expenditures, but the only beneficiaries are small firms.
The distribution and phenology of arbuscular mycorrhizae along an inland salinity gradient

The distribution and seasonal patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi activity were studied in an inland boreal salt pan site in north-central Manitoba. Semipermanent study regions were set up in each of five vegetation zones along a continuous salinity gradient. Roots of Hordeu~n jubaru~n, Disrichlis srricra, Agropyron trachycaulum, Sonchus arvensis, Spartina gracilis, and other species were collected from the study regions over six time periods: April, June, July, August, and October of 1991, and May of 1992. These roots were used to quantify mycorrhizal colonization, as well as arbuscule and vesicle formation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were prevalent in the three vegetation zones with lowest soil salinity, with >40% of the observed root pieces colonized. Colonization was <2% in the other two zones, where soil salinity was consistently greater throughout the growing season. The only common pattern in the phenology of mycorrhizal activity was a low level of activity in the early spring. Mycorrhizal activity in most plant species occurred at high levels throughout the summer and fall. Differences in patterns of activity appeared to be linked to differences in phenology of root growth, and not to edaphic differences among vegetation zones.
Application of archival aerial photogrammetry to quantify climate forcing of alpine landscapes

Recent and future climate change may lead to landscape changes in geomorphic processes and process rates. Such modifications are likely to be widely distributed, making their direct measurement difficult and there are almost no such measurements at decadal intervals. Aerial imagery has been acquired by many national agencies since the 1950s and significant archives remain. Unlocking the information from these data sources is important because their timescale may inform significant unresolved hypotheses regarding the impact of rapid climate change on Alpine environments. However, such photogrammetric applications are challenging because of topographic complexity (including occlusions and large elevation ranges) and variations in image texture. A complete workflow is described from raw data to the treatment and interpretation of results. This is applied to imagery of Val d'Héréns, Switzerland, a landscape containing an assemblage of glacial, periglacial, hillslope and fluvial landforms across a height range of 1800 to 3600 m from the 1960s to the present. These changes reveal important characteristics of landscape scale erosion and deposition at the decadal scale.
Determination of Scientific Name of Bitter “Qust”: an Important Controversial Plant Source in the Iranian Medicinal Plants Market for Neurological Complications

Background and objectives: Traditional medicine could provide a hopeful area of research to mitigate the suffering of patients. “Qust” is one of the medicinal plants that are mentioned in Persian Medicine (PM) for treatment of neurological diseases. There is diversity within the scientific name of “Qust” in different references. Some have introduced Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch. (Asteraceae), while others have presented Costus speciosus (J. Koenig) Sm. (Costaceae) as “Qust”. Since “Qust” is not endemic in Iran, there is difficulty to access to the whole plant for its identification. Hence, this study has aimed to identify available bitter “Qust” which is composed of roots of the plant in the Iranian market. Methods: Macroscopic characters and microscopic properties of powders and transverse sections of specimens with essential oil analysis of the Indian and one of the Iran herbal market samples using chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were investigated for identification of bitter “Qust”. Results: Microscopic evaluation showed presence of secretory cavities and their specific size, narrow radial rows of conducting tissue alternating with broad medullary rays in the secondary phloem and xylem, presence of inulin, absence of starch and calcium oxalate crystals in the bitter “Qust” particles. Further, positive response was observed to S. costus identifying test. In the analysis of essential oils, active components of S. costus, such as dehydrocostus lactone, were identified in the examined essential oils. Conclusion: According to the results, it could be concluded that bitter “Qust” in Iran herbal market most probably is S. costus.
No association of α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotypes with skeletal muscle phenotypes in young women

This study investigated association between polymorphisms of α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes, and the skeletal muscle phenotypes; sprint performance, jump capacity, and knee extensor and flexor strength. Sixty-two non-resistance trained Caucasian females (mean ± SD; 21 ± 4 years) completed 15 m sprint, standing vertical jump, knee extensor and flexor isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) tests. 15 m sprint and vertical jump were assessed using infrared timing gates and a piezoelectric force platform respectively, with knee extensor and flexor strength assessed using isokinetic dynamometry. ACTN3 R577X and VDR BsmI polymorphisms were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine differences between skeletal muscle phenotypes for the ACTN3 and VDR genotypes. 15 m sprint(ACTN3: RR = 2.87 ± 0.17 s, RX = 2.92 ± 0.22 s, XX = 2.95 ± 0.17 s, P = 0.384; VDR: bb = 2.86 ± 0.14 s, Bb = 2.96 ± 0.23 s, BB = 2.85 ± 0.21 s, P = 0.194) and standing vertical jump performance (ACTN3 P = 0.112; VDR P = 0.788) were not associated with ACTN3 or VDR genotypes. Neither was any association found between knee extensor MVC and ACTN3 (P = 0.120) or VDR genotypes (P = 0.978), or between knee flexor MVC and ACTN3 (P = 0.852) or VDR genotypes (P = 0.718). The ACTN3 R577X and VDR BsmI polymorphisms do not appear to substantially influence the function of skeletal muscle in Caucasian females.
Brand Equity-Consequence Relationship: Evidence from Automobile Industry

The objective of this study is to determine the perception towards antecedents of brand equity and also its consequence for passenger cars. Convenience sampling technique was use to collect data in the cities of Riyadh and Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Self-administered online questionnaires were used to collect total 310 responses, and 216 were found valid (70 percent response rate) and used for the study. The responses were analyzed for descriptive statistics as well as significant relationship among various constructs. A high perception level for brand equity was reported, and all hypotheses were accepted. Out of all the dimensions of brand equity, brand loyalty had the maximum effect on overall brand equity, which conforms to earlier researches. Automobile manufacturers and dealers need to identify the brand equity dimensions and should recognize their significance in order of their effect on overall brand equity. Appropriate strategies should be implemented to increase preference and intention of customers to purchase the respective brands.
GROWTH RESPONSE AND PRODUCTION OF ONION BY APPLYING ORGANIC FERTILIZER FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE AND ANIMAL WASTE

Organic fertilizer is one of the factors that can affect the growth and yield of onion. This research aimed to evaluate the response of growth and yield of onion lowland through organic fertilizers from industrial waste and livestock waste. The experiment was conducted in June to September 2014 at greenhouses Institute for Agricultural Technology Bengkulu. Experiments using a randomized block design with a single factor, it was use of organic fertilizers of various kinds of agricultural waste that is solid (P1), composted of cow manure (P2), quail manure (P3) and control (P0) which is repeated five times. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and tested further by DMRT to determine differences between treatments. The results showed that the organic fertilizer significantly affected the growth and yield of onion. Of a given type of organic fertilizer, cow manure compost produced the highest yield (44.63 cm) in height parameter plant age 45 days after planting, weight of wet biomass (124.03 g), gross dry weight (79.54 g) and number cloves per clump (24.27 cloves) while the net dry weight was not significantly different, but the provision of manure cow compost generates the highest net dry weight (72.08 g).
INSOLUBLE RESIDUES OF THE FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENTS FROM THE TRENCH TRANSECT SOUTH OF GUATEMALA , DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 67 1

Insoluble residues of Late Cretaceous to Quaternary deep-sea samples from slope, trench, and oceanic plate sites south of Guatemala were examined, specifically for the distribution of clay minerals in the <2-μm fraction and of silt grains in the 20-63-μm fraction. Widespread "oceanic" particles (biogenic opal, rhyolitic glass) and their diagenetic products (smectite, clinoptilolite, heulandite) were distinguished from terrigenous material—illite, kaolinite, chlorite, plagioclase, quartz, and heavy minerals. The main results of this investigation are: (1) At Site 494 on the slope immediately adjacent to the trench, terrigenous supplies testify to a slope position of the whole sequence back to the Late Cretaceous. (2) At Site 495 on the Pacific Cocos Plate, "oceanic" and terrigenous sedimentation are clearly separated. Whereas the pelagic sedimentation prevailed in the early Miocene, terrigenous minerals appeared in the middle Miocene in the clay fraction, and in the early Pliocene in the coarse silt fraction. These terrigenous supplies are interpreted as having been transported by suspension clouds crossing the slope and even the trench. The alternative, however, an eolian transport, cannot be excluded.