Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevention of implantable-defibrillator shocks by treatment with sotalol. d,l-Sotalol Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Study Group.

BACKGROUND Patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators often receive adjunctive antiarrhythmic therapy to prevent frequent shocks. We tested the efficacy and safety of sotalol, a beta-blocker with class III antiarrhythmic effects, for this purpose. METHODS In a multicenter trial, patients were stratified according to left ventricular ejection fraction (< or =0.30 or >0.30), randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with 160 to 320 mg of sotalol per day (151 patients) or matching placebo (151 patients), and followed for 12 months. Kaplan-Meier analyses of the time to an event were performed. Three end points were used: the delivery of a first shock for any reason or death from any cause, the first appropriate shock for a ventricular arrhythmia or death from any cause, and the first inappropriate shock for a supraventricular arrhythmia or death from any cause. RESULTS Compliance with double-blind treatment was similar in the two groups. There were seven deaths in the placebo group and four in the sotalol group. As compared with placebo, treatment with sotalol was associated with a lower risk of death from any cause or the delivery of a first shock for any reason (reduction in risk, 48 percent; P<0.001 by the log-rank test), death from any cause or the delivery of a first appropriate shock (reduction in risk, 44 percent; P=0.007), or death from any cause or the delivery of a first inappropriate shock (reduction in risk, 64 percent; P=0.004). Sotalol also reduced the mean (+/-SD) frequency of shocks due to any cause (1.43+/-3.53 shocks per year, as compared with 3.89+/-10.65 in the placebo group; P=0.008). In the sotalol group, the reduction in the risk of death from any cause or the delivery of a first shock for any reason did not differ significantly between patients with ejection fractions of more than 0.30 and those with ejection fractions of 0.30 or less. CONCLUSIONS Oral sotalol was safe and efficacious in reducing the risk of death or the delivery of a first defibrillator shock whether or not ventricular function was depressed.
Product recall, brand equity, and future choice

Abstract The number of major product-recall incidents involving established brands have increased markedly over the last few years. Although the direct costs have been evaluated in these cases (typically in the millions), the indirect costs to brand equity and subsequent loss of market share are harder to evaluate. This paper applies a simulated multistage choice-based experiment to assess the impact of hypothetical product-recall experiences on brand-equity measures and, importantly, future brand choice. Contrary to some evidence, we find that product-recall experience has greater negative impacts for established strong brands than weaker non-established brands. Additionally, attributes of product recall such as the seriousness of the recall problem and speed of recall announcement impact on pre- and post-recall differences in consumer evaluations of brand equity. Differences in brand-equity evaluations for the established strong brand significantly affect post-recall choice.
In Vitro Activities of 15 Antimicrobial Agents against 110 Toxigenic Clostridium difficile Clinical Isolates Collected from 1983 to 2004

ABSTRACT The incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is increasing, and standard treatment is not always effective. Therefore, more-effective antimicrobial agents and treatment strategies are needed. We used the agar dilution method to determine the in vitro susceptibility of the following antimicrobials against 110 toxigenic clinical isolates of C. difficile from 1983 to 2004, primarily from the United States: doripenem, meropenem, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, OPT-80, ramoplanin, rifalazil, rifaximin, nitazoxanide, tizoxanide, tigecycline, vancomycin, tinidazole, and metronidazole. Included among the isolates tested were six strains of the toxinotype III, NAP1/BI/027 group implicated in recent U.S., Canadian, and European outbreaks. The most active agents in vitro were rifaximin, rifalazil, tizoxanide, nitazoxanide, and OPT-80 with MICs at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited (MIC50) and MIC90 values of 0.0075 and 0.015 μg/ml, 0.0075 and 0.03 μg/ml, 0.06 and 0.125 μg/ml, 0.06 and 0.125 μg/ml, 0.125 and 0.125 μg/ml, respectively. However, for three isolates the rifalazil and rifaximin MICs were very high (MIC of >256 μg/ml). Ramoplanin, vancomycin, doripenem, and meropenem were also very active in vitro with narrow MIC50 and MIC90 ranges. None of the isolates were resistant to metronidazole, the only agent for which there are breakpoints, with tinidazole showing nearly identical results. These in vitro susceptibility results are encouraging and support continued evaluation of selected antimicrobials in clinical trials of treatment for CDAD.
Are Rating Agencies Powerful? An Investigation into the Impact and Accuracy of Sovereign Ratings

We find that Credit Rating Agencies (CRA)'s opinions have an impact in the cost of funding of sovereign issuers and consequently ratings are a concern for financial stability. While ratings produced by the major CRAs perform reasonably well when it comes to rank ordering default risk among sovereigns, there is evidence of rating stability failure during the recent global financial crisis. These failures suggest that ratings should incorporate the obligor's resilience to stress scenarios. The empirical evidence also supports: (i) reform initiatives to reduce the impact of CRAs' certification services; (ii) more stringent validation requirements for ratings if they are to be used in capital regulations; and (iii) more transparency with regard to the quantitative parameters used in the rating process.
Outcome of intra‐arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma and its influencing factors: a retrospective study

Intra‐arterial chemotherapy (IAC) has become an essential technique for the treatment of advanced and relapsed intra‐ocular retinoblastoma. The outcome of IAC for retinoblastoma is influenced by a variety of medical and non‐medical factors. In this study, we aimed to examine the outcome of IAC and determine the factors influencing clinical outcome.
Geometric and visual terrain classification for autonomous mobile navigation

In this paper, we present a multi-sensory terrain classification algorithm with a generalized terrain representation using semantic and geometric features. We compute geometric features from lidar point clouds and extract pixel-wise semantic labels from a fully convolutional network that is trained using a dataset with a strong focus on urban navigation. We use data augmentation to overcome the biases of the original dataset and apply transfer learning to adapt the model to new semantic labels in off-road environments. Finally, we fuse the visual and geometric features using a random forest to classify the terrain traversability into three classes: safe, risky and obstacle. We implement the algorithm on our four-wheeled robot and test it in novel environments including both urban and off-road scenes which are distinct from the training environments and under summer and winter conditions. We provide experimental result to show that our algorithm can perform accurate and fast prediction of terrain traversability in a mixture of environments with a small set of training data.
The Role of Advising in Non-Returning Students' Perceptions of Their University

ABSTRACT Approximately one-half of all freshmen enrolled in U.S. colleges and universities drop out before completing their degree programs. These former students represent an important market segment that some institutions target for specific marketing efforts. The purpose of the study reported here was to assess perceptions of students who had chosen not to return to one institution in the spring semester. One hundred forty-six non-returning students rated 13 key attributes related to campus-support activities and the core benefits of attending the institution. Findings provide useful insight about the important role of advising in non-returning students' perceptions of benefits offered by the university.
Molar Tooth Diversity, Disparity, and Ecology in Cenozoic Ungulate Radiations

A classic example of adaptive radiation is the diversification of Cenozoic ungulates into herbivore adaptive zones. Their taxonomic diversification has been associated with changes in molar tooth morphology. Analysis of molar crown types of the Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, and archaic ungulates (“Condylarthra”) shows that the diversity of genera and crown types was high in the Eocene. Post-Eocene molars of intermediate crown types are rare, and thus the ungulate fauna contained more taxa having fewer but more disparate crown types. Taxonomic diversity trends alone give incomplete descriptions of adaptive radiations.
The Influence of Plasma Binding on Absorption/Exsorption in the Caco‐2 Model of Human Intestinal Absorption

The Caco‐2 cell monolayer has become an increasingly useful in‐vitro model of human intestinal absorption. In this study we have determined the effect of plasma on the basolateral side on the absorption as well as exsorption of several drugs that are highly bound to plasma proteins. The drugs used included propranolol and quercetin, which both use the transcellular route of absorption, and taxol and oestradiol 17 β‐D‐glucuronide, which are thought to undergo efflux by P‐glycoprotein and the multidrug resistance protein MRP, respectively. All experiments were carried out under sink conditions to mimic normal absorption. It was necessary to use heparin anticoagulation for generation of the plasma, as EDTA was found to make the monolayers very leaky.
Acupuncture in Subacute Stroke: No Benefits Detected

Background There is debate concerning the effect of acupuncture on rehabilitation following stroke, with key reviews unable to find evidence of benefit. This lack of evidence may be due to poor study design, small sample size, and insufficient theoretical background. Objective The present study was designed to determine whether acupuncture combined with conventional physical therapy improves motor function and activities of daily living in patients with subacute stroke compared with conventional physical therapy alone. Design A multicenter, single-blinded, randomized study was conducted. Setting Four rehabilitation centers in the Jiangsu province of China participated in this study. Patients One hundred eighty-eight patients with subacute stroke admitted to the hospital were randomized into an acupuncture group and a conventional rehabilitation group. Interventions A combination of body and scalp acupuncture was used for 3 months in the acupuncture group. All patients underwent conventional stroke rehabilitation. Measurements The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Barthel Index (BI) were performed at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months after inclusion in the study. Results No statistically significant differences were found at baseline between the groups. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups using the FMA motor scores and the BI scores at baseline or at 1, 3, or 6 months. Significant improvements were found in each group following treatment. Conclusions In patients with subacute stroke, the addition of body and scalp acupuncture to a regimen of conventional physical therapy does not result in further improvement in either motor function or ADL beyond the effect of conventional physical therapy alone.
Observer-based event-triggered containment control of multi-agent systems with time delay

ABSTRACT This paper studies the containment control of general linear multi-agent systems with or without time delay. The observer-based event-triggered control schemes will be considered. For the conventional distributed containment control protocol, we will not update the relative state continuously, i.e. the relative state will be updated by some events which happen intermittently. A completely decentralised event trigger will be designed for leader–follower systems. Under the proposed protocol, if we design some appropriate feedback gain matrices, all followers will asymptotically converge to the convex hull spanned by the dynamic leaders. Numerical simulations are also provided and the results show highly consistent with the theoretical results.
The impact of knowledge management processes on supply chain performance: An empirical study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between knowledge management (KM) processes and supply chain performance, with information technology/information system (IT/IS) support, supply chain integration, and supply chain strategy as moderators. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on the knowledge-based view, a theoretical framework is developed consisting of six KM processes: knowledge creation, knowledge capture, knowledge organization, knowledge storage, knowledge dissemination, and knowledge application, and the performance of supply chain is evaluated in terms of four Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) process elements: Plan, Source, Make, and Delivery. Structural equation modeling is employed using a sample of 78 Iranian manufacturers in mechanical and engineering industry. Findings – Empirical results show that KM processes have a significant impact on supply chain performance which is positively moderated by IT/IS support and supply chain integration. While the mo.
Effect of gender on customer loyalty: a relationship marketing approach

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the role of gender in the association of relationship marketing underpinnings (namely trust, commitment, communication, and conflict handling) with customer loyalty.Design/methodology/approach – Data for the research were collected through a survey of customers of banks in Malaysia. Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis (HMRA) was used to estimate the moderation effect of gender in the RM‐customer loyalty relationship.Findings – The results show that the four underpinnings of relationship marketing are directly associated with customer loyalty. Significant gender difference exists in the trust‐loyalty relationship. Women are significantly more loyal than men at higher levels of trust in the bank. Gender does not moderate the relationship between commitment, communication, conflict handling and loyalty.Research limitations/implications – The research focuses on banking services; further research in other sectors may be necessary before generalization can be made.
Comparison of moxalactam (LY127935) and cefotaxime against anaerobic bacteria

The in vitro activities of moxalactam (LY127935 [6059S]) and cefotaxime were compared with those of cefoxitin, cefamandole, cefuroxime, carbenicillin, and penicillin by agar dilution susceptibility testing of a variety of anaerobic bacteria. Moxalactam proved to be the most active agent tested against Bacteroides fragilis and other species of the B. fragilis group. Moxalactam and cefotaxime showed activity similar to the other drugs against the remaining species of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, Propionibacterium, and Veillonella. Penicillin was the most effective drug tested against most species of Clostridium, the anaerobic gram-positive cocci, and Eubacterium lentum.
The Underlying Dimensions of Relationship Marketing in the Malaysian Mobile Service Sector

After so many years, the Malaysian mobile service market is getting saturated, whereby service operators are having difficulties differentiating themselves because they offer similar services. As the service options are wide, customers become less committed to a particular provider and might easily shift from one operator to another. This situation forces the service providers to create a strategy that focuses more on gaining and retaining long-term relationships with their customers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the underlying dimensions of relationship marketing in the Malaysian mobile service sector. A sample of 300 customers in Klang Valley was drawn using scientific procedures of mall intercept, and structural equation modeling was utilized in testing the proposed model. The results show that the relationships between the exogenous latent factors and the overall endogenous factor are significant, ranging from.77 to.94. This illustrates that a relatively high proportion of the variance in relationship marketing is well explained by each of the factors.
In Vitro Cytokine Secretion in Individuals with Schizophrenia: Results, Confounding Factors, and Implications for Further Research

The present paper reviews the results of all publications on in vitro cytokine secretion in patients with schizophrenia, as published by March 2001. The authors supply easy to read tables with respect to the individual cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors investigated, the in vitro methodology used, characterization of the patient samples, and the results on cytokine secretion as stated in these studies. Inconsistent results, e.g., regarding in vitro secretion of IL-2 with 11/18 studies finding decreased secretion, 5/18 finding no change, and 2/18 finding increases, cannot systematically be correlated with any methodological procedures nor any diagnostic subtypes, per se. However, factors such as medication and cigarette smoking are likely to play a role. The authors suggest that more hypothesis-driven research, together with more carefully designed studies, as well as better communication between basic or animal researchers and clinicians might help to answer the question of whether there are meaningful peripheral changes in the immune system related to schizophrenia.
Supply chain coordination considering fairness concerns

This paper investigates the impact on supply chain contracts coordination induced by the behavior of fairness concerns.It discussed how the retailer's behavior of fairness concerns influences the coordination of supply chain,including the wholesale-price contract,the buyback contract and the revenue-sharing contract.Finally,a general conclusion is proved,that is,the retailer's behavior of fairness concerns will not change the state of supply chain coordination.
The Role of Trust in Creating Positive Word of Mouth and Behavioral Intentions: The Case of Online Social Networks

In the past few years, online social networks (OSNs) have become among the most frequently visited sites on the Internet. Consumers rely on other users’ comments and reviews prior to purchasing products and services; therefore, the role of OSNs in consumers’ decision-making process has become an important marketing phenomenon. Contemporary companies are trying to create online communities and engage users to post positive word of mouth (WOM) in OSNs and build long-lasting relationships with consumers. A review of the literature underlines the role of satisfaction and trust in customer–company relationships. This study examines the relationships between trust, satisfaction, behavioral intentions, and WOM in the OSN context. An online questionnaire was deployed and a structural equation model was implemented to test a theory-driven model. Findings indicate that trust is a vital component for OSN marketing. In online environments, trust tends to have a positive influence on satisfaction, and satisfaction partially mediates the impact of trust on brand behavioral intentions and WOM.
Spatial Air Index Based on Largest Empty Rectangles for Non-Flat Wireless Broadcast in Pervasive Computing

In pervasive computing, location-based services (LBSs) are valuable for mobile clients based on their current locations. LBSs use spatial window queries to enable useful applications for mobile clients. Based on skewed access patterns of mobile clients, non-flat wireless broadcast has been shown to efficiently disseminate spatial objects to mobile clients. In this paper, we consider a scenario in which spatial objects are broadcast to mobile clients over a wireless channel in a non-flat broadcast manner to process window queries. For such a scenario, we propose an efficient spatial air index method to handle window query access in non-flat wireless broadcast environments. The concept of largest empty rectangles is used to avoid unnecessary examination of the broadcast content, thus reducing the processing time for window queries. Simulation results show that the proposed spatial air index method outperforms the existing methods under various settings.
A Comparative Analysis of an Orthologous Proteomic Environment in the Yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe*S

The sequential application of protein tagging, affinity purification, and mass spectrometry enables highly accurate charting of proteomic environments by the characterization of stable protein assemblies and the identification of subunits that are shared between two or more protein complexes, termed here “proteomic hyperlinks. ” We have charted the proteomic environments surrounding the histone methyltransferase, Set1, in both yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Although the composition of these nonessential Set1 complexes is remarkably conserved, they differ with respect to their hyperlinks to their proteomic environments. We speculate that conservation of the core components of protein assemblies and variability of hyperlinks represents a general principle in the molecular organization of eukaryotic proteomes.
A three-dimensional spatially filtered FDTD with controllable stability beyond the courant limit

It has been recently shown that the stability limit of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method can be controlled by iterative spatial filtering and extended beyond the conventional Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy limit. However, the trade-off associated with this approach comes from the fact that while the relaxed stability limit allows for the use of a larger time step, spatial filtering is implemented through additional numerical operations. This trade-off manifests itself most significantly in three-dimensional simulations. This paper contributes the algorithmic developments needed for the efficient extension of the spatially filtered FDTD to three-dimensional applications and further demonstrates a three-dimensional late-time stable subgridding scheme based on spatial filtering.
Deep Structured Learning for Facial Expression Intensity Estimation

We consider the task of automated estimation of facial expression intensity. This involves estimation of multiple output variables (facial action units — AUs) that are structurally dependent. Their structure arises from statistically induced co-occurrence patterns of AU intensity levels. Modeling this structure is critical for improving the estimation performance; however, this performance is bounded by the quality of the input features extracted from face images. The goal of this paper is to model these structures and estimate complex feature representations simultaneously by combining conditional random ﬁeld (CRF) encoded AU dependencies with deep learning. To this end, we propose a novel Copula CNN deep learning approach for modeling multivariate ordinal variables. Our model accounts for ordinal structure in output variables and their non - linear dependencies via copula functions modeled as cliques of a CRF. These are jointly optimized with deep CNN feature encoding layers using a newly introduced balanced batch iterative training algorithm. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on the task of AU intensity estimation on two benchmark datasets. We show that joint learning of the deep features and the target output structure results in signiﬁcant performance gains compared to existing deep structured models for analysis of facial expressions.