Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Object Category Detection and Localization Using Generative and Discriminative Models

This paper proposes an integrated approach to simultaneous detection and localization of multiple object categories using both generative and discriminative models. Our approach consists of first generating a set of hypotheses for each object category using a generative model (pLSA) with a bag of visual words representing each object. Based on the variation of objects within a category, the pLSA model automatically fits to an optimal number of topics. Then, the discriminative part verifies each hypothesis using a multi-class SVM classifier with merging features that combines spatial shape and appearance of an object. In the post-processing stage, environmental context information along with the probabilistic output of the SVM classifier is used to improve the overall performance of the system. Our integrated approach with merging features and context information allows reliable detection and localization of various object categories in the same image. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated on the various standards (MIT-CSAIL, UIUC, TUD etc.) and the authors' own datasets. In experiments we achieved superior results to some state of the art methods over a number of standard datasets. An extensive experimental evaluation on up to ten diverse object categories over thousands of images demonstrates that our system works for detecting and localizing multiple objects within an image in the presence of cluttered background, substantial occlusion, and significant scale changes.
Characteristics and Reasons Associated with Nonacceptance of Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment

Background: Studies have shown that up to 38% of patients who start treatment with antidepressants fill only a single prescription at the pharmacy, apparently not accepting treatment. Objective: To determine characteristics and reasons associated with nonacceptance of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRf) treatment, Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 37 community pharmacies in the Netherlands; patients who presented a prescription from a general practitioner (GP) for a newly started SSRI treatment were selected, Nonaccepters were defined as patients who filled only one SSRI prescription; patients who received at least 3 fills of an SSRI prescription were defined as accepters. Patient characteristics were obtained from automated dispensing records and from questionnaires. Areas of evaluation included sociodemographics, disease, and treatment. Nonaccepters were asked their reasons for not filling second prescriptions. Results: Of the patients who started SSRI treatment, 22.0% were nonaccepters, filling only a single prescription. Fifty-seven nonaccepters and 128 accepters were included in our analysis. Nonacceptance was more common among patients with a low level of education (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.1 to 5.9) and in patients who reported nonspecific symptoms like fatigue, stress, and restlessness as the reason for SSRI use (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.4 to 5.5). Of the nonaccepters, 29.8% (n = 17) did not start SSRI use, and 70.2% (n = 40) discontinued SSRI use within 2 weeks. Fear of adverse effects and the actual occurrence of adverse effects were main reasons for not accepting SSRI treatment. Of the nonaccepters, 55.0% discontinued treatment without informing their GPs. Conclusions: Acceptance of SSRI treatment is a decisive moment in a patient's adherence to treatment initiated by his or her GP and deserves more attention; GPs and pharmacists should address treatment issues, especially in groups at risk for nonacceptance.
Local Media: Expansion of Radio and Political Accountability. Evidence from Colombia

Access to more information by a group of voters may represent more knowledge about the political system and incentivize people to make better choices. In this paper I argue that mass media have an impact over voters' knowledge, reflected on one of the main forms of political participation that citizens have in a democracy: voting and politicians' performance. The media outlet I take into account is radio, starting from its last stage of expansion in Colombia, since the mid 1990s. I use a measure of radio based on the counting of stations and the exogenous variation in signal transmission given by municipal topographic characteristics to study the effect of the growing number of radio stations on a set of political and policy results. I find that in municipalities with more radio stations turnout for the different types of elections, namely Presidential (1994-2010), Mayor (1994-2011), Senate (1994-2010) and House (1994-2010) elections, increases. I show that the vote share of the winning party in the Senate elections declines and the effective number of parties expands when there is greater exposure to radio, suggesting an increasing electoral competition. Finally, I find that the presence of local media also influences policy. A larger number of radio stations is associated with more resources to investment and a lower share of spending represented by operating expenditures.
Is Continuous Normothermic Blood Cardioplegia Really a Practical Way of Myocardial Preservation? Comparison with Intermittent Cold Crystalloid Cardioplegia

Commencing in September 1991, 30 consecutive patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting were operated on employing continuous normothermic blood cardioplegia (Group 1). 2.83 +/- 0.81 distal anastomoses per patient were performed. The next 30 consecutive patients were operated on employing intermittent cold crystalloid cardioplegia (Group 2). 2.72 +/- 0.95 distal anastomoses per patient were performed in this group. Cross clamping and cardiopulmonary bypass times were similar in both groups. Electromechanical activity beginning time (69.00 +/- 94.04 sec. versus 101.50 +/- 78.26 sec., p < 0.001) and QRS recovery time (10.92 +/- 8.35 min. verus 19.60 +/- 33.65 min., p < 0.05) were significantly shorter in Group 1 than in Group 2. Maximal potassium levels during cardiopulmonary bypass and in the postoperative period did not significantly differ between the groups. Postoperative serum CPK-MB values were similar. Three patients in Group 1 and four in Group 2 needed IABP support in the early postoperative period. In Group 1, one and in Group 2 three patients suffered perioperative myocardial infarction (difference not significant). Postoperative cardiac index augmentation was significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (from 2.40 +/- 0.57 L/min/m2 to 3.04 +/- 0.60 L/min/m2 in Gr I, from 2.39 +/- 0.64 L/min/m2 to 2.86 +/- 0.49 L/min/m2 in Gr II, p < 0.01). Coronary sinus oxygen saturations during aortic cross-clamping were significantly higher in Group 1 (53.32 +/- 12.18% versus 17.82 +/- 2.75%, p < 0.001). There were no rhythm disturbances in Group 1 (0%) but atrial fibrillation occurred in 5 (16.66%) cases of the hypothermic group in the postoperative period. In Group 1, two patients, and in Group 2, three patients (difference is not significant) were lost in the early postoperative period. We can say that continuous normothermic blood cardioplegia is a safe alternative way of myocardial protection with good clinical results despite its discomfortable and complicated delivery technique.
Driving Consumers Toward Online Retailing Technology: Analyzing Myths and Realities

This article identifies relevant factors that influence online shopping adoption in Mexico. Diffusion of Internet-based buying channels has altered the nature of products and services acquisition. Research gaps in this field are analyzed by using the Technology Adoption Model and extending it with constructs that represent Internet availability, Internet literacy, social influence, and trust in online shopping to explain how they influence technology adoption in an emerging market. Based on 199 questionnaires, this study suggests robustness of the Technology Adoption Model (TAM) and significant explanation of attitudes toward using online shopping through social influence, trust, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness. Such attitudes along with perceived usefulness are accurate predictors of consumers’ intentions to shop online. Finally, managerial implications of the results are discussed along with study limitations and future research.
What Do We Know About the Labor Share and the Profit Share? Part II: Empirical Studies

In this second part of our study we survey the rapidly expanding empirical literature on the determinants of the functional distribution of income. Three major strands emerge: technological change, international trade, and financialization. All contribute to the fluctuations of the labor share, and there is a significant amount of self-reinforcement among these factors. For the case of the United States, it seems that the factors listed above are by order of increasing importance. We conclude by noting that the falling US wage shares cointegrates with rising inequality and a rising top 1 percent income share. Thus, all measures of income distribution provide the same picture. Liberalization and financialization worsen economic inequality by raising top incomes, unless institutions are strongly redistributive. The labor share has also fallen, for structural reasons and for reasons related to economic policy. Such explanations are left to parts III and IV of our study, respectively. Part I investigated the theories of income distribution.
Shirking or Stochastic Productivity in Major League Baseball: Comment

In an earlier article in this Journal [1], Anthony Krautmann tests the hypothesis that a major league baseball player has a greater tendency to shirk during the season immediately following the signing of a long-term contract than he does during the season immediately preceding the signing of a long-term contract. His method was very straightforward. He observed performance data on 110 non-pitchers who signed contracts of 5 years in length or greater from 1977 to 1983. By comparing each player's career slugging average (SA) with the SA's for the years immediately after and before the player signed a contract, he could not reject the null hypothesis that no shirking took place. The basic thrust of this comment is that the SA is not the performance measure most likely to reveal shirking if it does exist. Krautmann relates that in [2] Lehn found a positive correlation between the number of years remaining on a player's contract and the number of days spent on the disabled list. However the slugging average used in Krautmann's paper would not necessarily be affected by the number of days a player spends on the disabled list. A measure more closely correlated with time spent on the injured reserve list would be total bases.
A QoS-aware vertical handoff algorithm based on service history information

In future wireless communication networks, seamless handoff either by vertical or horizontal is an important issue in radio resource management. For a vertical handoff (VHO), each candidate network is evaluated as a function of multiple attributes such as available bandwidth, delay, data rate, and cost, etc. However, the variations of these parameters and distributed VHO decisions might cause the instability of VHO decisions, which is inefficient in utilizing network resources due to frequent handoffs. In this letter, we propose a service history-based VHO algorithm to reduce unnecessary handoffs and call dropping probability in addition to QoS parameter considerations. Simulation results show that the proposed VHO algorithm outperforms existing algorithms.
The Happy Farmer: The Effect of Nonpecuniary Benefits on Behavior

I test empirically the relationship between farmers’ perceptions of the nonpecuniary benefits from farming with a variety of field behaviors such as disinvestment, production, diversification, and off-farm labor market participation. Results suggest that nonpecuniary benefits have an important influence on a wide range of farmer activities. While costs and returns are clearly important, I suggest that nonpecuniary benefits may make some choices more attractive than others which may be more rewarding financially.
Gonadectomy and reduced physical activity: effects on skeletal muscle.

OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of testosterone (TST) loss on skeletal muscle contractile function and the potential interactive effects of TST loss and physical inactivity. DESIGN Randomized control trial. ANIMALS Forty-eight male rats (age, 6mo) were placed into control (Con) or gonadectomized (Orx) groups. INTERVENTION Two weeks after Orx or sham surgery, half the Con and Orx rats were hind-limb unloaded (HLU) to reduce muscle activity for 2 weeks. Subsequently, in situ contractile function tests were performed on the soleus (SOL), plantaris (PLAN), peroneus longus (PER), and extensor digitorum longus (EDL). These 4 muscles and gastrocnemius (GAST) then were removed, weighed, sectioned, and stained with adenosine triphosphatase for fiber typing and fiber area measures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Peak tetanic tension (P(0)), time to peak twitch contraction (TPT), half relaxation time (RT(1/2)), muscle mass, fiber area, and specific tension (ratio of P(0)/muscle mass). RESULTS Body weight and muscle mass were similar in the Con and Orx groups. The ratio of P(0) to muscle mass was significantly (p <.05) reduced with Orx in SOL (20%), PLAN (18%), PER (28%), and EDL (20%). TPT and RT(1/2) were significantly faster after Orx in PLAN, PER, and EDL. HLU significantly reduced muscle mass in SOL, PLAN, and GAST in Orx and intact groups. HLU also caused a significant decline in SOL and PLAN P(0). The loss in P(0) in the Orx-HLU rats was no greater than the decline in P(0) with HLU alone. CONCLUSIONS Gonadectomy results in a loss of P(0) regardless of muscle fiber type or function, it is likely to speed up TPT and RT(1/2), and it does not exacerbate HLU-related atrophy and P(0) loss. Findings may have implications for men with reduced TST levels, as in aging, for instance.
Competencies of Effective Village Leadership in Malaysia

In Malaysia, Village Development and Security Committee (VDSC) or locally known as Jawatankuasa Kemajuan dan Keselamatan Kampung (JKKK) is a community based-organization established by the Federal Government to perform village administration and development. This organization is considered as the village leadership. It consists of at least ten to fifteen members with the village head as chairman and holds an important place in the political, economic, sociocultural systems in this country. A survey of literatures on village leadership shows that only very few studies have been done on the issue of village leadership. Many works on this topic revolved round the role of village leaders, and mainly found in China, Thailand and India. This paper is an effort to contribute to the subject of village leadership in the Malaysian context. This study aims to explore the competencies of effective village leaders in award winning villages in Malaysia. Thrusting upon the qualitative paradigm, the leadership competencies of nine effective village leaders have been explored through semi-structured interviews. The atlasti software version 7.1. 5 was used to analyze data and to generated themes such as skills in acquiring funds and resources for village development, writing and presentation skills, entrepreneurship skills, creativity skills in delegating task, and interpersonal skills. These skills are required competencies for village leaders. Findings from this paper can be utilized to improve leadership skills of other village leaders in Malaysia. The findings also implies that some unique attributes in the characteristics of these leaders are common, and can be further explored as a base for the development of capacity building for similar categories of leaders in other villages.
Novel Coumarin Derivatives Containing 1,2,4-Triazole, 4,5-Dicyanoimidazole and Purine Moieties: Synthesis and Evaluation of Their Cytostatic Activity

We report here on the synthesis and in vitro anti-tumor effects of a series of novel 1,2,4-triazole (compounds 3–6), 4,5-dicyanoimidazole (compound 7), and purine (compounds 8–13) coumarin derivatives and their acyclic nucleoside analogues 14–18. Structures of novel compounds 3–18 were deduced from their 1H- and 13C-NMR and corresponding mass spectra. Results of anti-proliferative assays performed on a panel of selected human tumor cell lines revealed that compound 6 had moderate cytostatic activity against the HeLa cell line (IC50 = 35 µM), whereas compound 10 showed moderate activity against the HeLa (IC50 = 33 µM), HepG2 (IC50 = 25 µM) and SW620 (IC50 = 35 µM) cell lines. These compounds showed no cytotoxic effects on normal (diploid) human fibroblasts.
A study of workforce management

The purpose of this master thesis is to examine the domain of workforce management of mobile workforces. A market inventory of workforce management systems and case studies of how workforce management is practiced have been made. The observations from these studies have been used to develop a number of design implications for the workforce management module in the Ericsson Trouble Management solution. A subset of the design implications have been implemented in the Ericsson workforce management module. A key function in a workforce management system should be to relieve the pressure of the workforce manager. The case study shows that the prerequisite for well functioning mobile workforce management is a good technical infrastructure for both the workforce manager and members of the workforce. Essential functions of a workforce management system are to support the mobile workforce and the workforce administrator in two way communication. This will make reporting of accomplished tasks directly to the system possible instead of via the workforce administrator. In addition to these aspects the market inventory points out a number of features that exists in other workforce management systems. Some of the features presented are; automatic scheduling, future planning, schedule optimization, mobility support and technician workload presentation. The report is written in English
Pathologic characterization of hypotensive C57BL/6J-agt: angiotensinogen-deficient C57BL/6J mice.

a fpreviously produced angiotensinogen-deficient mice, i.e. mice with deleted renin-angiotensin system (RAS), with a genetic background on C57BL/6J - C57BL/6J-agt (-/-) -, but no C57BL/6J-agt (-/-) which survived long enough to be weaned. In the present study, we attempted to prevent neonatal death and analyzed pathological development in C57BL/6J-agt (-/-). We indicate that mortality in C57BL/6J-agt (-/-) derived from C57BL/6J-agt (+/-) can be reduced by hypodermic saline injection in the 7 days following birth, that hydronephrosis developed by day 14 in association with polydiplasia and polyuria by day 30, and that chronic hypotension occurs. Hydronephrosis is less damaging to electrolyte resorption in younger mice, but not in adults. We also observed that C57BL/6J-agt (-/-) derived from C57BL/6J-agt (-/-) frequently develop fetal hydronephrosis and die of respiratory failure at birth. These results suggest that maternal RAS is associated with structural maturation of kidney and lung in late fetus and that postnatal RAS plays important roles in structural and functional maintenance of the kidneys.
DEFECTIVE RECOGNITION OF ONE'S OWN ACTIONS IN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS

Objective : The possibility that delusion of influence could be related to abnormal recognition of one's own actions was investigated in persons with schizophrenia. Method : Influenced (N=6) and non-influenced (N=18) patients with schizophrenia were compared to normal subjects (N=29) in an action recognition task. The image of a virtual right hand holding a joystick was presented to the subjects through a mirror so that it was superimposed to their real hand holding a real joystick. Subjects executed discrete movements in different directions. Angular biases and temporal delays were randomly introduced in some trials, such that the movements of the virtual hand departed from the movement executed by the subjects. After each trial, subjects had to decide whether the movement they saw was their own or not. Results: Compared to the comparison subjects, both patient groups made significantly more recognition errors in trials with temporal delays. In trials with angular biases, the error rate of influenced patients significantly differed from that of comparison subjects and from that of the non-influenced patients. Conclusions : These findings support the hypothesis that delusion of influence is associated with a quantifiable difficulty in attributing actions to their author. This difficulty may be related to a specific impairment of a neural action attribution system.
Counting the invisible: understanding the lives of young people with disabilities in Pakistan

Purpose. To understand the lives of young people with disabilities in Pakistan using a household survey. Method. Data were collected by administering the survey to 1094 urban and rural households randomly selected from nine districts in two provinces. The survey had a roster, which captured basic demographic, anthropometric, education and labour market status information on all resident household members in the sampled households (around 9000 individuals). In addition, detailed individual-level questionnaires were administered only to those aged between 15 and 60 years. While the survey did not have an exclusive focus on issues of disability, the questions used were informative and innovative. Results. The findings of this survey emphasise the continued marginalisation of young people with disabilities in the areas of education, employment and marriage prospects. Additionally, reflections on the research process highlight the many challenges entailed in undertaking research on disability issues. Conclusions. Considering the high numbers of people reporting difficulties, many of them mild but which have a considerable impact on their functioning, there is a need for better health care planning and outreach. Given the lack of knowledge about people with disabilities – their incidence and status – there is a need for more rigorous research to help develop effective interventions.
Tubacin Kills Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Burkitt Lymphoma Cells by Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species and EBV Lymphoblastoid Cells by Inducing Apoptosis*

Tubacin is a small molecule inhibitor of histone deacetylase 6 and blocks aggresome activity. We found that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells were generally killed by lower doses of tubacin than EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) or EBV-negative BL cells. Tubacin induced apoptosis of LCLs, which was inhibited by pretreatment with a pancaspase inhibitor but not by butylated hydroxyanisole, which inhibits reactive oxygen species. In contrast, tubacin killed EBV-positive BL cells in a caspase-3-independent pathway that involved reactive oxygen species and was blocked by butylated hydroxyanisole. Previously, we showed that bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, induces apoptosis of EBV LCLs and that LCLs are killed by lower doses of bortezomib than EBV-positive BL cells. Here we found that the combination of bortezomib and tubacin acted in synergy to kill EBV-positive BL cells and LCLs. Tubacin or the combination of bortezomib and tubacin did not induce EBV lytic replication. These findings suggest that the combination of a proteasome inhibitor and an HDAC6 inhibitor may represent a useful strategy for the treatment of certain EBV-associated B cell lymphomas.
Identification of an anthraquinone pigment and a hydroxystilbene antibiotic from Xenorhabdus luminescens

The entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus luminescens produces a red pigment and an antibiotic in insect carcasses in which it grows and in axenic cultures. The pigment was purified and identified as the anthraquinone derivative 1,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-9,10-anthraquinone, which exhibits a pH-sensitive color change, i.e., it is yellow below pH 9 and red above pH 9. The antibiotic was also purified and identified as the hydroxystilbene derivative 3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropylstilbene.