Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of fine needle aspiration cytology with excision biopsy of breast lump.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the results of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of breast lump by histopathology of excision biopsy specimen in the same group of patients. DESIGN A descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Surgery, Federal Government Services Hospital, Islamabad from October, 2000 to March, 2001. MATERIALS AND METHODS There were 50 patients in the study, who were subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology with a needle of 22G mounted on 20 cc syringe. Smears were fixed on the slides with 95% alcohol and later stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. After FNAC, all the patients were subjected to excision biopsy. The specimen were reported by the Histopathologist and results evaluated and compared. RESULTS All patients were among the total number of 61 FNAC performed, conclusive malignancy (C5) was found in 20(40%) patients and in 1(2%) patient, malignancy was suspected (C4). Conclusive benign lesions (C2) were found in 26(52%) patients and 2 patients had atypia i.e. (C3). Inadequate specimen (C1) was found in 2(4%) patients. On excision biopsy, 22(44%) patients had malignant lumps and 28(56%) benign. FNAC was able to detect 20 malignant lumps with sensitivity of 90.90%. All of them were also reported malignant on excision biopsy with specificity of 100%. False positive were zero and false negative were 9.1%. CONCLUSION FNAC is simple, quick, safe, tolerable, cosmetically acceptable, reliable and cost-effective method of determining histology of breast lumps. The absence of false positives conclusively confirmed its place not only as a complimentary adjunct but also a substitute of excision biopsy in majority of instances.
Spline Basis Neural Network Algorithm for Numerical Integration

A new basis function neural network algorithm is proposed for numerical integration. The main idea is to construct neural network model based on spline basis functions, which is used to approximate the integrand by training neural network weights. The convergence theorem of the neural network algorithm, the theorem for numerical integration and one corollary are presented and proved. The numerical examples, compared with other methods, show that the algorithm is effective and has the characteristics such as high precision and the integrand not required known. Thus, the algorithm presented in this paper can be widely applied in many engineering fields. Keywords—Numerical integration; Spline basis function; Neural network algorithm
Psychotic-like Experiences, Symptom Expression, and Cognitive Performance in Combat Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Abstract Apparent psychotic symptoms are often associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but these symptoms are poorly understood. In a sample of 30 male Vietnam combat veterans with severe and chronic PTSD, we conducted detailed assessments of psychotic symptom endorsement, insight, symptom severity, neurocognitive function, and feigning. Two thirds of the subjects endorsed a psychotic item but did not believe that the experiences were real. Those endorsing psychotic items were higher in PTSD severity, general psychopathology, and dissociation but not depression, functional health, cognitive function, or feigned effort. Severity of psychotic symptoms correlated with dissociation, combat exposure, and attention but not PTSD, depression, or functional health. Those endorsing psychotic items scored higher on a screen but not on a detailed structured interview for malingering. Endorsement of psychotic experiences by combat veterans with PTSD do not seem to reflect psychotic symptoms or outright malingering.
Paraoxonase genotypes, lipoprotein lipase activity, and HDL.

Paraxonase, an enzyme associated with the high density lipoprotein (HDL) particle, hydrolyzes paraoxon, the active metabolite of the insecticide parathion. Several studies have shown that paraxonase levels in humans have a distribution characteristic of two alleles, one with low activity and the other with high activity. Paraoxonase also has arylesterase activity, which does not exhibit activity polymorphism and can therefore serve as an estimate of enzyme protein. Although the ability of paraoxon to irreversibly inhibit lipoprotein lipase (LPL) has been exploited experimentally for many years, the role of plasma paraoxonase in lipoprotein metabolism is unknown. Seventy-two normal individuals were examined for paraoxonase genotypes, plasma paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, postheparin LPL and hepatic lipase (HL) activities, and lipoprotein levels to determine whether (1) paraoxonase activity or genotype determines lipoprotein levels via an effect on LPL or HL activity or (2) variation in LPL and HL activities determines HDL levels and indirectly affects paraoxonase activity and protein levels in plasma. In the entire group, paraoxonase activity was related to arylesterase activity and genotype. Whereas arylesterase activity was correlated with HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoproteinA-I (apoA-I) levels, neither arylesterase nor paraoxonase was correlated with LPL or HL activity. Furthermore, LPL activity was positively correlated and HL inversely correlated with HDL cholesterol and apoA-I levels, whereas LPL was inversely correlated with triglyceride levels. The paraoxonase genotypes of the study group were 30 individuals homozygous for the low-activity allele, 38 heterozygotes, and 4 individuals homozygous for the high-activity allele. Paraoxonase genotype accounted for approximately . 75 of the variation in paraoxonase activity. Paraoxonase activity was linearly related to arylesterase activity within each subgroup. No difference in either LPL or HL activity was seen as a function of paraoxonase genotype, nor were differences seen in plasma triglyceride or HDL-C by genotype by ANOVA. The relation between LPL and HL and components of HDL in the paraoxonase genotypic subgroups in general reflected the associations seen in the group as a whole. Multivariate analysis showed that LPL, HL, and arylesterase, a measure of paraoxonase mass, were independent predictors of HDL cholesterol, while paraoxonase genotype or activity was not. Thus, variation in LPL and HL appears to be significantly related to HDL cholesterol and apoA-I levels. The levels of HDL are a major correlate of paraoxonase protein levels, while paraoxonase genotype is the major predictor of plasma paraoxonase activity.
At the Boundaries of Misattribution: Does Positivity Influence Judgments of Familiarity in the Affect Misattribution Procedure?

Priming effects in the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP) have been explained by a misattribution of prime-related affect to neutral targets. However, the measure has been criticized for being susceptible to intentional use of prime-features in judgments of the targets. To isolate the contribution of unintentional processes, the present research expanded on the finding that positive affect can be misattributed to familiarity (i.e., positivity-familiarity effect). To the extent that prime-valence is deemed irrelevant for judgments of target-familiarity, positivity-familiarity effects in the AMP could potentially rule out intentional use of the primes. Seven experiments collectively suggest that prime-valence influences judgments of target-familiarity in the AMP, but only when the task context does not suggest a normatively accurate response to the familiarity-judgment task. Relations of positivity-familiarity effects to self-reported use of prime-valence revealed mixed results regarding the role of intentional processes. Implications for the AMP and misattribution effects are discussed.
Evolution of R&D Capabilities: The Role of Knowledge Networks Within a Firm

In this paper, we suggest that the characteristics of individual positions in an intraorganizational network of inventors or intrafirm knowledge network predict the likelihood with which knowledge created by an inventor is used in the firm's research and development (R&D) activities. Such choices lead to path dependence and subsequent specialization. We provide empirical evidence that a firm's R&D is concentrated in those areas where it chooses to recombine knowledge, offering support for the path-dependent evolution of capabilities. We test this theory by analyzing the R&D networks in DuPont, a highly regarded Fortune 500 chemical company. Cox Proportional Regression models of intrafirm citations on network characteristics offer strong empirical support for our theory.
Prevalence of health services usage and associated factors in the Amazon region of Brazil: a population-based cross-sectional study

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of healthcare use and associated factors in the Manaus metropolitan region and to describe the reasons for lack of access. Design Cross-sectional population-based study. Setting A survey conducted between May and August of 2015 in eight cities from Manaus metropolitan region, Amazonas, Brazil. Participants 4001 adults ≥18 years of age. Primary outcomes measures Physician visits, dentist visits and hospitalisations in the last 12 months were the primary outcomes. Associated factors were investigated through the calculation of prevalence ratio (PR) obtained by hierarchical Poisson regression modelling. Results 4001 adults were included in the study, 53% of whom were women. The self-reported prevalence of medical visits was 77% (95% CI 75% to 77%); dentist visits, 36% (95% CI 34% to 37%) and hospital admission, 7% (95% CI 6% to 7%). Physician visits were higher in women PR=1.18 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.23), the elderly PR=1.18 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.26) and people with health insurance PR=1.14 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.19). Dentist visits declined with older age PR=0.38 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.49), lower education level PR=0.62 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.74) and lower economic class PR=0.65 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.75). Hospitalisations were found to be twice as frequent for women than for men and three times as frequent among those who reported very poor health status. Among the individuals who did not receive medical attention in the previous 2 weeks, 58% reported lack of facilities or appointment unavailable and 14% reported lack of doctors. Conclusion While more than half visited the doctor in the last year, a lower proportion of people with socioeconomic inequities visited the dentist. Organisational and service policies are needed to increase equity in health services in the region.
Evaluation of Antifungal Activities of Five Plant Extracts against Pseudoperenospora cubensis (Downy Mildew) in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)

Laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effect of leaf extracts of five indigenous plant on conidia germination, growth and sporulation of Pseudoperenospora cubensis causing downy mildew disease of muskmelon. Extracts of five plant; mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), bush banana (Uvaria chamae), salt and oil tree (Cleistopholis patens), goat weed (Ageratum conyzoides) and African eggplant (Solanum macrocarpon) at Four concentrations (15, 30, 45 and 60%) were tested against the growth, conidial germination and sporulation of Pseudoperenospora cubensis in vitro. Results show that all the plant extracts significantly inhibited conidia germination and radial growth compared to the control. The extracts had no significant (p≤0.05) effect on sporulation. The rate of inhibition of growth and conidia germination was concentration dependent being highest at 60% for the extracts. The extracts of Solanum macrocarpon was the most effective followed by Ageratum conyzoides, Cleistopholis patens and Uvaria chamea whileTithonia diversifolia caused the least inhibition of growth and conidia germination. At 15, 30, 45 and 60% concentrations growth of Pseudoperenospora cubensis on PDA modified with Solanum macrocqrponwere 3.79, 3.65, 3.33 and 2.87; and 4.25, 4.12, 3.92 and 3.89 for PDA modified with Tithonia diversifolia. Similarly, conidia germination percentages recorded at same concentration of extracts S. macrocarpon were 87, 85, 70 and 62% while that of T. diversifolia were 91, 87, 84 and 72%. The study shows that the plant extracts has the potential for inhibition of the pathogen.
High serum sclerostin predicts the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women: The center of excellence for osteoporosis research study

Sclerostin regulates bone formation by inhibiting Wnt pathway signaling. Low circulating sclerostin levels cause high bone mass. We hypothesized that postmenopausal women with increased sclerostin levels have a greater risk for osteoporosis‐related fractures. We examined the association between circulating sclerostin together with bone turnover markers and osteoporosis‐related fracture risk in 707 postmenopausal women, in a population‐based study with a mean follow‐up period of 5.2 ± 1.3 years. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze fracture risk, adjusted for age, body mass index, and other confounding risk factors. High sclerostin levels were strongly associated with increased fracture risk. After adjustment for age and other confounders, the relative fracture risk was more than sevenfold among postmenopausal women for each 1‐SD increment increase in sclerostin level. Women in the highest quartile of sclerostin levels had about a 15‐fold increase in fracture risk. Results were similar when we compared sclerostin at the 1‐year visit to an average of two to three annual measurements. Fracture risk attributable to sclerostin levels was 56.6% in the highest quartile. Only high levels of bone resorption markers (plasma cross‐linked C‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen [p‐CTx], urinary CTx [u‐CTx], and urinary N‐telopeptide of type 1 collagen [u‐NTx]) were predictive of osteoporosis‐related fractures but at much lower hazard ratio (HR) values than that of serum sclerostin. Associations between sclerostin levels and fracture risk were independent of bone mineral density and other confounding risk factors. High sclerostin levels are a strong and independent risk factor for osteoporosis‐related fractures among postmenopausal women. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
ScholarWorks at WMU ScholarWorks at WMU Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Hazardous Wastes in Semcog Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Hazardous Wastes in Semcog Region, Michigan Region, Michigan

This research is devoted to an increasingly recognized issue: environmental injustice, that is, the distribution of environmental risks and/ hazards are disproportionably distributed in the space in terms of the effects on the victims. Specifically, this thesis focuses on an analysis of the spatial distribution of hazardous materials from fixed incidents and the characteristics of neighborhoods living near the incident sites, so as to test the hypothesized relationships that poor people and minority people live near the incident sites. SEMCOG region, Michigan is chosen as the study area due to its frequent occurrence of incidents involving environmental hazards. It is learned from the literature on environmental injustice that there are several different units of analysis and methods being used, since the issue of environmental injustice is well known, this research tries to approach the issue of environmental injustice in a different way. In order to testify whether the unit of analysis plays a role in the findings on environmental injustice, this research extends the unit of analysis from census tract to county subdivision level ( city, township). The results show that poor people and minority people tend to live near the environmental hazards, and the unit of analysis does not play significant role. on distance. The poor zone versus rich zone is determined by the ratio of rich population instead of density of poor population, the significance level of both census tract and county subdivision based analysis exceeds 95 percent, reaching nearly 100 percent except the poor vs. rich at the county subdivision level. Overall the racial and economic indicators demonstrate a consistent pattern as expected ( with the confidence interval being 95%, Sig. <0.05), the computed distance is significantly less within the minority and poor zones than in the white zone and rich zone at both census tract and county subdivision levels. The results show that there is a trend that social-economically disadvantaged people tend to live near the environmentally unfriendly sites.
Academic self-efficacy in study-related skills and behaviours: relations with learning-related emotions and academic success.

BACKGROUND Academic self-efficacy, when operationalized as mastery over domain-specific knowledge, has been found to be a predictor of academic achievement and emotions. Although academic emotions are also a predictor of academic achievement, there is limited evidence for reciprocal relations with academic achievement. AIMS To examine whether academic self-efficacy, when operationalized as confidence in study-related skills and behaviours, is also a predictor of academic achievement and emotions and to test reciprocal relations between academic emotions and achievement. SAMPLE Two hundred and six first-year undergraduate students. METHODS Academic self-efficacy was measured at the beginning of the first semester and learning-related emotions (LREs) at the beginning of the second semester. Academic performance was aggregated across assessments in semester one and semester two. RESULTS Self-efficacy in study-related skills and behaviours predicted: (1) better semester one academic performance and (2) more pleasant and fewer unpleasant LREs at the beginning of the second semester directly and (3) indirectly through semester one academic performance. Reciprocal relations between academic performance and emotions were supported, but only for pleasant emotions. CONCLUSIONS Self-efficacy in study-related skills was the critical academic self-efficacy variable in this study. It may play an important role in maintaining challenge appraisals to maintain pleasant emotions and better academic performance. Accordingly, practitioners in higher education may wish to consider the value of assessing and developing students' self-efficacy in relation to their independent study skills.
Urban heat island impacts on plant phenology: intra-urban variability and response to land cover

Despite documented intra-urban heterogeneity in the urban heat island (UHI) effect, little is known about spatial or temporal variability in plant response to the UHI. Using an automated temperature sensor network in conjunction with Landsat-derived remotely sensed estimates of start/end of the growing season, we investigate the impacts of the UHI on plant phenology in the city of Madison WI (USA) for the 2012–2014 growing seasons. Median urban growing season length (GSL) estimated from temperature sensors is ∼5 d longer than surrounding rural areas, and UHI impacts on GSL are relatively consistent from year-to-year. Parks within urban areas experience a subdued expression of GSL lengthening resulting from interactions between the UHI and a park cool island effect. Across all growing seasons, impervious cover in the area surrounding each temperature sensor explains >50% of observed variability in phenology. Comparisons between long-term estimates of annual mean phenological timing, derived from remote sensing, and temperature-based estimates of individual growing seasons show no relationship at the individual sensor level. The magnitude of disagreement between temperature-based and remotely sensed phenology is a function of impervious and grass cover surrounding the sensor, suggesting that realized GSL is controlled by both local land cover and micrometeorological conditions.
Food supplements, stress and gastrointestinal diseases.

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Application of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System for Information Secuirty

Problem statement: Computer networks are expanding at very fast rate and the number of network users is increasing day by day, for full utilization of networks it need to be secured against many threats including malware, which is harmful software with the capability to damage data and systems. Fuzzy rule based classification systems considered as an active research area in recent years, due to their unique capability of classifying. Approach: This study presents a neural fuzzy classifier based on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for malware detection. Firstly, the malware exe files was analyzed and the most important API calls were selected and used as training and testing datasets, using the training data set the ANFIS classifier learned how to detect the malware in the test dataset. Results and Conclusion: The performances of the Neuro fuzzy classifier were evaluated based on the performance of training and accuracy of classification, the results show that the proposed Neuro fuzzy classifier can detect the malware exe files effectively.
Examining the Validity of AHRQ’s Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs)

Increasing use of Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) for hospital performance measurement intensifies the need to critically assess their validity. Our study examined the extent to which variation in PSI composite score is related to differences in hospital organizational structures or processes (i.e., criterion validity). In site visits to three Veterans Health Administration hospitals with high and three with low PSI composite scores (“low performers” and “high performers,” respectively), we interviewed a cross-section of hospital staff. We then coded interview transcripts for evidence in 13 safety-related domains and assessed variation across high and low performers. Evidence of leadership and coordination of work/communication (organizational process domains) was predominantly favorable for high performers only. Evidence in the other domains was either mixed, or there were insufficient data to rate the domains. While we found some evidence of criterion validity, the extent to which variation in PSI rates is related to differences in hospitals’ organizational structures/processes needs further study.
Sleep disturbances and severity of Huntington's disease

We studied sleep functions in two patients with mild and five with moderately severe Huntington's disease. In mild disease there was chorea, but intelligence, mental function, and sleep were all normal. In moderately severe disease, intelligence and mental function were also affected, and there was a sleep disturbance characterized by prolonged sleep-onset latency, increased interspersed wakefulness, and reduced sleep efficiency.
Subaqueous Barchans and Plane Beds from Deposition of Quartz Silt

AbstractThe suspension flow of quartz silt (geometric mean grain size of 4.15 μm), in unfavorable conditions for deposition, is the motivation for the development of different bed morphologies. Particles deposit over a plane nonerodible surface and develop well-defined barchan ripples, barchanoids, and plane beds in flume experiments. Bedload transport of quartz silt by bedform migration is several orders of magnitude smaller than the suspended transport. The final bed morphology is controlled by the suspended sediment concentration and running time of the experiment. The average dimensions of the bedforms after 1-day experiments are 4.93 cm wide, 10.33 cm long, and 0.45 cm high. Cohesive plane beds appear after 2-day and 3-day experiments with very high sediment concentrations (≥22.5 kg/m3). Viscous effects are deemed relevant for the formation of the beds.