Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depth distribution of earthquakes in the Baikal rift system and its implications for the rheology of the lithosphere

SUMMARY The correspondence between the predicted brittle‐plastic transition within the crust and the maximum depth of earthquakes is examined in the case of the Baikal rift, Siberia. Although little accurate information on depths is available through large- and moderatesize earthquakes, there are frequent indications of foci at 20 km depth and more. We have relocated 632 events recorded at nearby stations that occurred between 1971 and 1997, with depth and epicentral uncertainties less than 5 km, over the eastern and southern parts of the Baikal rift. We have compared these results with other depth distributions obtained in previous studies from background seismicity in the NE rift (1365 events in the Kalar-Chara zone and 704 events in the Muya region). The relative abundance of earthquakes is generally low at depths between 0 and 10 km (7‐15 per cent) and high between 15 and 25 km (y50 per cent). Earthquake activity is still significant between 25 and 30 km (9‐15 per cent) and persists between 30 and 40 km (7‐13 per cent). Very few earthquakes are below the Moho. We use empirical constitutive laws to obtain the yieldstress limits of several layers made of dominant lithologies and to examine whether the observed distribution of earthquakes at depth (519 events controlled by a close station and located within the extensional domain of the Baikal rift system) can match the predicted crustal strength proportion with depth and the deeper brittle‐ductile transition in the crust. A good fit is obtained by using a quartz rheology at 0‐10 km depth and a diabase rheology at 10‐45 km depth with a moderate temperature field which corresponds to a y100 Myr thermal lithosphere. No dioritic composition of the crust is found necessary. In any case, earthquakes occur at deep crustal levels, where the crust is supposed to be ductile, in a way very similar to what is found in the East African Rift System. From these results we conclude that the seismogenic thickness is y35‐40 km in the Baikal rift system and that the depth distribution of earthquakes is at first order proportional to the strength profile found in a rheologically layered crust dominated by a mafic composition in the y10‐45 km depth range. An upper mantle core with high strength, however, generally prevents it from reaching stress failure at greater depth.
Seasonal development and differential retention of ice algae and other organic fractions in first-year Arctic sea ice

The temporal evolution of ice algae biomass, particulate and dissolved organic carbon (POC and DOC), and particulate and dissolved carbohydrates (pCHO and dCHO) was followed in land-fast, Arctic sea ice near Barrow, Alaska, USA. POC, DOC, pCHO, and dCHO were found in young ice before algal growth occurred, indicating initial allochthonous sources. In sediment-free ice, particulate organic pools (POC and pCHO) were more strongly related to ice algae biomass than the larger dissolved organic pools (DOC and dCHO). Although algae biomass peaked near the ice bottom, integrating across ice depth showed that most organic matter was found above the bottom layer. Sediment-containing ice held high organic matter concentrations, although peak ice algae biomass was lower than in sediment-free ice. Sediments incorporated in sea ice can be a source of allochthonous organic matter that is comparable to autochthonous contributions by ice algae. In late spring, much of the algae biomass in sediment-free ice was lost, in as little as 5 d. Nevertheless, large POC, DOC, pCHO, and dCHO pools remained in the ice, both near the bottom and in upper layers. Observations of natural ice cores melting in laboratory experiments demonstrated a network of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) remaining attached to the ice bottom, even as the ice structure melted away. This retained EPS may partly explain the POC and carbohydrate pools found in sea ice after the loss of algae. Differential retention of organic matter by seasonal sea ice suggests that the characteristics of material exported from the ice will change as the melt season progresses.
Ice tank investigations of the microstructure of artificial sea ice grown under different boundary conditions during INTERICE II

A short overview about the EU-LSF INTERICE II project conducted in the Arctic Environmental Test Basin of the Hamburg Ship Model Basin (HSVA) in Hamburg, Germany, is given. The project team investigated physical, bio-geochemical, and sedimentological aspects of sea ice growth processes. Some features from the microstructure studies are presented. These include crystal and pore space data from a freeze-melt-refreeze cycle and from ice grown at different under-ice currents, and temperature measurements at the progressing ice water interface. The feasibility of large ice tank studies is discussed.
Study of Organizational Environment, Incentives and Promotion and its Effect on Employee`s Motivation

Motivation is an important factor for organizational growth. This study was undertaken with two primary goals in mind. Our first objective was to address the need for a quantitative review of the relationships between psychological climate and individual-level outcomes. This was accomplished using meta-analytic procedures to generate a correlation matrix among the five psychological climate categories and the outcome variables that have been researched in prior psychological climate studies. Our second goal was to examine alternative structural models that describe the effects of psychological climate perceptions on employee attitudes (such as satisfaction, commitment, and job involvement), motivation, and performance. The study tells that motivation is the force that characterized people’s determination and efforts at work. We also examined the relationship between employee motivation with the organizational environment, wages, incentive & benefits and promotion. For this purpose, four independent variables of organizational environment, wages, incentive & benefits and promotion were used. We see their impact on employee motivation, for this purpose different statistical tools and techniques were applied that includes sampling, data collection techniques and methods. With the help of questionnaire and SPSS software, we found the impact of independent variables on dependent variable. Motivation plays a vital role in the organization to retain its employees with work and company. Manger can increase the job satisfaction of employees by motivating them with these factors.
The Implementation of Knowledge Management on Traditional retail

Marketing brings a consequence that producers distribute their products to consumers . There are many kinds of a medium that producers can use to distribute their products, one of which is retailer business . In governance, retailer business can be classified into two types, namely traditional retailer and modern retailer . In the process, there are worries about the existence of traditional retailer as a result of the strengthening of modern retailer . Therefore, it is important to pay special attention to the traditional retailer to grow and evolve along with the growth and development of modern retailer, so that traditional retailer marketing can run optimally . This study aims to formulate the strategy for traditional retailer to keep sustainability concerning to the proper implementation of knowledge management through the developing of socio - entrepreneurship . This research uses SEM ( Structural Equation Modeling ) to measure the correlation between independent and dependent construct in term of increasing knowledge management of traditional retailer . Based on the result analysis, competitive advantage in traditional retail is affected by the choice of strategies implemented by retailer . However, the implemented strategy is not optimal because it is not supported by the implementation of a good knowledge managements, especially in terms of accessibility to knowledge and practices required in the retail business . Traditional retail are difficult to gain an access to training and mentoring on strategies and techniques to manage retail business professionally in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage . When traditional retail want a more optimal to achieve a competitive advantage, they should improve their ability in implementing the management knowledge systematically, for example, building an association of traditional retail with the main vision to organize a training program or mentoring about strategy and technique management of retail business . Keywords : Traditional retailer, management knowledge, competitive advantage .
Impact of Fiber Reinforcement on Deformation Characteristics of Cemented Sand-Gravel Mixtures

This paper describes triaxial compression tests conducted to determine the effect of fiber inclusion on stiffness and deformation characteristics of sand-gravel mixtures. The soil was a mixture of Babolsar sand from the shores of the Caspian Sea and Karaj River gravel in two different contents of 30% and 50%. The relative density of samples was 70% and 3% Portland cement was used as the cementing agent. Fibers of 12mm in length and 0.023mm in diameter added at 0%, 0.5% and 1.0% (wt. of dry soil) to the sand-gravel mixtures. The axial stress versus axial strain and volumetric strain or pore pressure changes have been assessed with the changes in stiffness during loading. Based on the obtained results, fiber addition caused to increase soil shear strength. Under drained conditions, fiber addition leads to increase initial compressive strains and ultimate dilation. It also increases initial positive pore water pressure and final suction in undrained condition. It has also been observed that fibers decrease initial tangent stiffness of the cemented sand-gravel mixture.
The Effect of Educational Program Based on Health Belief Model about HIV/AIDS among High School Students

Background: Considering the importance of learning health knowledge and the need to promote appropriate health attitudes, beliefs and behaviors regardingÂ Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) among school-age people, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an educational program based on Health Belief Model (HBM) about HIV/AIDS. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 100 male high school students in Fasa, Iran. A sample size of 100 was determined based on the examination of similar literature with 95 confidence interval and 80 test capability. The subjects were divided into two groups of 50 subjects. After administering a pre-test to both groups, only the experimental group was trained based on the HBM constructs on the HIV/AIDS preventive behaviors. Then intervention was followed by group discussion (10-person groups) in 8 sessions each 55-60 minutes. In order to collect information based on Health Belief Model, a questionnaire consisting of 41 questions in three sections was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 software. Results: Educational intervention based on Health Belief Model resulted in meaningful enhancement of the subjectsâ�� knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived self-efficacy (P <0.05). Furthermore, the studentsâ�� perceived barriers about beliefs related to HIV/AIDS preventive behaviors decreased significantly (P <0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, educational intervention has increased the HIV/AIDS prevention behavior based on Health Belief Model. Therefore, the results of this study can be used in the theory-based intervention strategies to create and modify health behaviors.
Magnetotellurics with a remote magnetic reference

Magnetotelluric measurements were performed simultaneously at two sites 4.8 km apart near Hollister, California. SQUID magnetometers were used to measure fluctuations in two orthogonal horizontal components of the magnetic field. The data obtained at each site were analyzed using the magnetic fields at the other site as a remote reference. In this technique, one multiplies the equations relating the Fourier components of the electric and magnetic fields by a component of magnetic field from the remote reference. By averaging the various crossproducts, estimates of the impedance tensor not biased by noise are obtained, provided there are no correlations between the noises in the remote channels and noises in the local channels. For some data, conventional methods of analysis yielded estimates of apparent resistivities that were biased by noise by as much as two orders of magnitude. Nevertheless, estimates of the apparent resistivity obtained from these same data, using the remote reference technique, were .
Addressing the too big to fail problem with baryon physics and sterile neutrino dark matter.

N-body dark matter simulations of structure formation in the Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model predict a population of subhaloes within Galactic haloes that have higher central densities than inferred for the Milky Way satellites, a tension known as the ‘too big to fail’ problem. Proposed solutions include baryonic effects, a smaller mass for the Milky Way halo and warm dark matter (WDM). We test these possibilities using a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation to generate luminosity functions for Milky Way halo-analogue satellite populations, the results of which are then coupled to the Jiang & van den Bosch model of subhalo stripping to predict the subhalo V_max functions for the 10 brightest satellites. We find that selecting the brightest satellites (as opposed to the most massive) and modelling the expulsion of gas by supernovae at early times increases the likelihood of generating the observed Milky Way satellite V_max function. The preferred halo mass is 6 × 10^11 M_⊙, which has a 14 per cent probability to host a V_max function like that of the Milky Way satellites. We conclude that the Milky Way satellite V_max function is compatible with a CDM cosmology, as previously found by Sawala et al. using hydrodynamic simulations. Sterile neutrino-WDM models achieve a higher degree of agreement with the observations, with a maximum 50 per cent chance of generating the observed Milky Way satellite V_max function. However, more work is required to check that the semi-analytic stripping model is calibrated correctly for each sterile neutrino cosmology.
How to decode Unemployment Persistence: An econometric framework for identifying and comparing the sources of persistence

Most econometric analyses of persistence focus on the existence of non-stationary unemployment but not the origin of this. The present research contains a multivariate econometric framework for identifying and comparing different sources of unemployment persistence (e.g. hysteresis versus a slowly moving equilibrium rate). A small example, considering historical data (1988-2006) for the UK, demonstrates how the method can be applied in practice. Although this primarily serves as an illustration, the evidence clearly suggests that persistence was due to a slowly moving equilibrium (driven by the price of crude oil) and not to hysteresis mechanisms.
Credit financing for deteriorating imperfect quality items with allowable shortages

Article history: Received June 25, 2015 Received in revised format: September 2, 2015 Accepted September 4, 2015 Available online September 5 2015 The outset of new technologies, systems and applications in manufacturing sector has no doubt lighten up our workload, yet the chance causes of variation in production system cannot be eliminated completely. Every produced/ordered lot may have some fraction of defectives which may vary from process to process. In addition the situation is more susceptible when the items are deteriorating in nature. However, the defective items can be secluded from the good quality lot through a careful inspection process. Thus, a screening process is obligatory in today’s technology driven industry which has the customer satisfaction as its only motto. Moreover, in order to survive in the current global markets, credit financing has been proven a very influential promotional tool to attract new customers and a good inducement policy for the retailers. Keeping this scenario in mind, the present paper investigates an inventory model for a retailer dealing with imperfect quality deteriorating items under permissible delay in payments. Shortages are allowed and fully backlogged. This model jointly optimizes the order quantity and shortages by maximizing the expected total profit. A mathematical model is developed to depict this scenario. Results have been validated with the help of numerical example. Comprehensive sensitivity analysis has also been presented. Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 6 © 201
Plicuteria lubomirski (Ślósarski, 1881) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae), a forgotten element of the Romanian mollusc fauna, with notes on the correct spelling of its name

In this paper two new localities of the hygromiid land snail Plicuteria lubomirski (Œlosarski, 1881) are reported from Romania (Suceava and Harghita Counties). Its presence at the Lacu Roou (Gyilkos-to) area represents the southeasternmost occurrence of the species. The only sample of P. lubomirski hitherto reported from Romania (leg. JICKELI in 1888 at Borsec Bai) seems to be lost from museum collections. The northern Carpathian distributional type is suggested for the species. The nomenclatural problem regarding the spelling of the specific name (i.e. lubomirskii or lubomirski) is discussed. The original, but less frequently used spelling (lubomirski) is suggested based on our understanding of the regulations of the ICZN.
International Monetary Spillovers

In recent years, interest rates have moved closely together worldwide, even though business cycles have been at different stages across countries. Boris Hofmann and Elod Takats (BIS) ask how far international monetary spillovers have driven this co-movement, ie whether interest rates in core advanced economies are driving interest rates elsewhere. Studying 30 emerging market and smaller open advanced economies since 2000, they find that (i) US short- and long-term interest rates significantly affect the corresponding rates in other economies and (ii) these price spillovers do in part reflect policy spillovers. In other words, US monetary policy rates do influence policy rates in other countries more than might be expected from normal spillovers of macroeconomic conditions.
Mobile Games as an Advertising Medium: Towards a New Research Agenda

The field of advertising has witnessed an increase in the amount of mediums to carry the messages to end customers. The widespread popularity of the e-commerce and m-commerce has accelerated the increase in the number and quality of novel mediums such as mobile medium. Mobile games as an advertising medium is a pertinent field of advertising that is rarely studied, however practitioners have already realized the potential of mobile games to provide messages to a well targeted audience. Emboldened by this fact the purpose of the paper is to encapsulate the current knowledge regarding mobile games as an advertising medium. This is done by a review of mobile games research. This kind of contribution enables more precise research and development of managerial concepts and tools that benefits both managers and academics pursuing their noble quests for increased understanding of advertising and its effectiveness. The paper concludes by detailing the limitations of the study and illustrates some of the possible avenues for further research on this progressing and emerging topic.
BTT-4964-Potentials and limitations of microorganisms as ren

Correspondence: Satya Prakash Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada Fax +1 514 398 7461 email satya.prakash@mcgill.ca Abstract: Renal insufficiency leads to uremia, a complicated syndrome. It thus becomes vital to reduce waste metabolites and regulate water and electrolytes in kidney failure. The most common treatment of this disease is either dialysis or transplantation. Although these treatments are very effective, they are extremely costly. Recently artificial cells, microencapsulated live bacterial cells, and other cells have been studied to manage renal failure metabolic wastes. The procedure for microencapsulation of biologically active material is well documented and offers many biomedical applications. Microencapsulated bacteria have been documented to efficiently remove urea and several uremic markers such as ammonia, creatinine, uric acid, phosphate, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and chloride. These bacteria also have further potential as biotherapeutic agents because they can be engineered to remove selected unwanted waste. This application has enormous potential for removal of waste metabolites and electrolytes in renal failure as well as other diseases such as liver failure, phenylketonuria, and Crohn’s disease, to name a few. This paper discusses the various options available to date to manage renal failure metabolites and focuses on the potential of using encapsulated live cells as biotherapeutic agents to control renal failure waste metabolites and electrolytes.
Influence of Silicon and Phosphorus on Structural and Magnetic Properties of Synthetic Goethite and Related Oxides

A series of synthetic goethites containing varying amounts of Si and P dopants were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, electron diffraction, microbeam electron diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Very low level incorporation produced materials having structural and spectral properties similar to those of poorly crystalline synthetic or natural goethite. At higher incorporation levels, mixtures of noncrystalline materials were obtained which exhibited Mössbauer spectra typical of noncrystalline materials mixed with a superparamagnetic component. Microbeam electron diffraction indicated that these mixtures contained poorly crystalline goethite, poorly crystalline ferrihydrite, and a noncrystalline component. If the material was prepared with no aging of the alkaline Fe3+ solution before the addition of Na2HPO4 or Na2SiO3, materials were obtained containing little if any superparamagnetic component. If the alkaline Fe3+ solution was aged for 48 hr before the addition, goethite nuclei formed and apparently promoted the precipitation of a superparamagnetic phase. The Mössbauer-effect hyperfme parameters and the saturation internal-hyperfine field obtained at 4.2 K were typical of those of goethite; however, the Mössbauer spectra indicated that the ordering temperature, as reflected in the relaxation rate and/or the blocking temperature, decreased with increasing incorporation of Si and P. The complete loss of crystallinity indicates that Si and P did not substitute for Fe, but rather adsorbed on crystal-growth sites, thereby preventing uniform crystal growth.