Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Juvenile psoriatic arthritis and comorbidities: report of a case associated with enthesitis and celiac disease

The present authors report the case of a 9‐year‐old boy affected by psoriasis, juvenile psoriatic arthritis, enthesitis, and celiac disease. The signs and symptoms of the different comorbitities appeared at different times in the clinical history, complicating the overall diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Cooperation between dermatologists and rheumatologist is mandatory in similar cases, where sophisticated technology and teams with specialized and integrated knowledge are required.
GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS OF CLUTCH SIZE VARIANCE IN A WILD POPULATION OF LESSER SNOW GEESE (ANSER CAERULESCENS CAERULESCENS)

Phenotypic variation is present, to varying degrees, in all populations. For some traits this variation is expressed as several discontinuous classes, or morphs. Other characters (e.g., weight and stature) exhibit fine gradations of expression, and are said to show continuous variation. These quantitative characters constitute the bulk of naturally occurring variation (Falconer, 1960). Continuous intrapopulation variation arises from three sources: (1) intra-individual variation in the phenotypic response to varying environmental conditions; (2) inter-individual variation due to differing phenotypic responses to a particular environment; and (3) discontinuous genetic variation arising from genetic segregation, which will translate into continuous phenotypic variation if the trait is determined by a large number of loci, each with relatively small effects (Falconer, 1960; Bulmer, 1980). Since selection results in adaptation only when phenotypic variation reflects underlying genetic variability, theories concerning the evolution of quantitative traits assume the one-time presence of heritable variation (van Noordwijk et al., 1981). Traditionally, the genetic basis of quantitative variation has been inferred from domestic breeding experiments (see Falconer, 1960, for a review), laboratory studies on inbred lines (e.g., Gowen and Johnson, 1946; Giesel, 1979), or wild population stocks under artificial selection (Mukai et al., 1974; Rose and Charlesworth, 1981). Few estimates of the additive component of quantitative variation have been made for wild populations in their natural setting (but see Perrins and Revised September 28, 1982
Cdk8 deletion in the ApcMin murine tumour model represses EZH2 activity and accelerates tumourigenesis

CDK8 is a dissociable kinase module of the Mediator complex and has been shown to play an important role in transcriptional regulation in organisms as diverse as yeast and humans. Recent studies suggest that CDK8 functions as an oncoprotein in melanoma and colon cancer. Importantly, these studies were conducted using in vitro cell line models and the role of CDK8 in tumourigenesis in vivo has not been explored. We have generated a mouse with a Cdk8 conditional knockout allele and examined the consequences of Cdk8 loss on normal tissue homeostasis and tumour development in vivo. Cdk8 deletion in the young adult mouse did not induce any gross or histopathological abnormalities, implying that Cdk8 is largely dispensable for somatic cellular homeostasis. In contrast, Cdk8 deletion in the ApcMin intestinal tumour model shortened the animals' survival and increased tumour burden. Although Cdk8 deletion did not affect tumour initiation, intestinal tumour size and growth rate were significantly increased in Cdk8‐null animals. Transcriptome analysis performed on Cdk8‐null intestinal cells revealed up‐regulation of genes that are governed by the Polycomb group (PcG) complex. In support of these findings, Cdk8‐null intestinal cells and tumours displayed a reduction in histone H3K27 trimethylation, both globally and at the promoters of a number of PcG‐regulated genes involved in oncogenic signalling. Together, our findings uncover a tumour suppressor function for CDK8 in vivo and suggest that the role of CDK8 activity in driving oncogenesis is context‐specific. Sequencing data were deposited at GEO (Accession No. GSE71385). Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why do we name organisms? Some reminders from the past

The naming systems of Linnaeus and Bentham in particular are examined to clarify the relationships between naming and ideas of relationships. Linnaean binomials were adopted largely for practical reasons. Furthermore, Linnaeus proposed his names in the context of system, putting organisms in groups of 10. This allowed botanists of moderate capabilities to know at least the genera. Although binomials are names of taxa of the two lowest levels of a rank hierarchy, much of Linnaeus' work does not fit easily in the currently widely accepted view of Linnaeus as a hard-bitten essentialist. Neither Lamarck nor the later Bentham believed in a rank hierarchy, although to name organisms both used what is here called a flagged hierarchy: name terminations indicating only a set of inclusion relationships, not ranks of nature implied by a rank hierarchy. Bentham was clear that the adoption of a flagged hierarchy with groups of a particular size in the Genera plantarum was to facilitate botanists' understanding of the system as a whole. Systematists like Bentham and Linnaeus managed information and presented classification systems simultaneously. I conclude that the lower level of Linnaeus' hierarchy is a special case of the noun + adjective combination that pervade folk classifications in particular and human language in general. Linking essentialism and "Linnaean" nomenclature is at best a red herring, thus few nineteenth-century botanists believed in a fully-developed rank hierarchy. Naming hierarchies are mostly such that at each level members belong to only one group, and this is at a higher level; most such hierarchies are fairly shallow. Historically, uninomials have seemed more attractive when generic limits were in flux, but suboptimal when relationships were more stable. Naming systems in general incorporate a substantial element of convention, emphasizing particular numbers of groups and groups of particular size; this facilitates comprehension and communication. Similar conventions will be needed whatever naming system is used.
Hodgkin lymphoma in very young children: Clinical characteristics and outcome of treatment

In developed nations, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is rare in <5-year olds and represent a minority in developing countries. Little is reported about the biology and behavior of these very young patients compared with older children. 18.75% of our pediatric HL patients (0 – 14 years) were <5 years at diagnosis. This group had more boys, similar incidence of B-symptoms and stage distribution, less mediastinal involvement and bulky disease, and more mixed cellularity subtype than older children. Treatment included chemotherapy (CT; n = 55), combined modality therapy (CMT; n = 12) and XRT only (n = 2). Ten-year EFS and OS was 81.5% and 90.4%, respectively, versus 75.5% and 90.5% for older children (p > 0.5). A trend toward better survival was seen with CMT, using very LD-XRT, than with CT (OS 100% vs. 86.4%[p = 0.3]; EFS 90.9% vs. 81.0%[p = 0.4]). Although CT could be effective in a subset of LR patients, LD-XRT may be needed to effectively treat most of these patients. This dose reduction may reduce XRT-related toxicity, which can be significant in very young children.
Concurrent alcohol and tobacco use among a middle-aged and elderly population in Mumbai.

BACKGROUND The concurrent use of alcohol and tobacco and its deleterious effects have been reported in the western literature. However, studies on the relationship between concurrent alcohol and tobacco use in India are limited. This study outlines the association between concurrent alcohol and tobacco use among a middle-aged and elderly population in a western Indian cohort after controlling for various sociodemographic factors. METHODS A total of 35 102 men, 45 years of age and above were interviewed for concurrent alcohol and tobacco use. The sample was part of an earlier cohort drawn from the general population. The data were analysed after controlling for age, education, religion and mother-tongue. RESULTS Among alcohol users, 51.1% smoked tobacco and 35.6% used smokeless tobacco. The relative risk of alcohol use was highest among those smoking cigarettes or beedis and among those using mishri with betel quid and tobacco. The risk of alcohol use increased with the frequency of tobacco use. The risk also increased with higher amounts of alcohol consumption, but peaked at around 100-150 ml of absolute alcohol use. CONCLUSION The study highlights the association between concurrent alcohol and tobacco use among the Indian population. This has important public health implications since concurrent use of these is synergistic for increased risk of oropharyngeal cancers.
The Late Sequelae of Recurrent Vomiting of Childhood

A study of 12 patients aged between 17 and 27 years who had suffered severe cyclical vomiting as children has shown that gastro‐intestinal symptoms tend to persist into adult life, that there is more frequent development of psychological disturbance and an increased risk of migraine. There is no evidence to suggest that organic pathology had been overlooked in childhood.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 and its Binding Protein 1 During Normal and Diabetic Pregnancies

Investigations of circulating insulin-like growth factor 1, hPL, and infant size during pregnancy in normal and insulin-dependent diabetic women have yielded conflicting results and have not been analyzed longitudinally. We studied serial changes in maternal serum insulin-like growth factor 1 levels (measured by radioimmunoassay after acid ethanol extraction) throughout pregnancy in 22 normal women and in 38 with insulin-dependent diabetes. The diabetic women had significantly lower serum insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations than normal women throughout pregnancy and after delivery, although the rates of change in both groups of women were similar. Withinpatient analysis showed a significant decrease in serum insulin-like growth factor 1 between 6-12 weeks' gestation and a significant increase between 24-32 weeks, followed by a significant decrease from 36 weeks' gestation to 12 weeks after delivery. Incremental changes in insulin-like growth factor 1 between 24-32 weeks' gestation correlated significantly with incremental changes in hPL (r=0.40; P<.001) and with birth weight (r=0.37; P<.01), but not with ultrasound measurements of fetal growth. The correlation of increments in insulin-like growth factor 1 and birth weight became nonsignificant when the association of hPL with both insulin-like growth factor 1 and birth weight was taken into account. Neither insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (placental protein 12) nor its ratio to insulin-like growth factor 1 showed any association with infant size. The physiologic changes in maternal serum insulin-like growth factor 1 in pregnant diabetic women do not appear related to the increased birth weight of their infants.
Latency of the stapedius muscle reflex in man.

WHEN a normal ear is exposed to a loud sound, the stapedius muscle in each ear will contract. This stapedius muscle reflex may be detected by a range or different procedures: (1) electromyographic registration by means of electrodes in the muscle or tendon; (2) optical detection by direct inspection of the eardrum or structures visible through a perforation in the eardrum; (3) measurement of changes in the sound transmission of the middle ear by recording of cochlear microphonics or recording of sound pressure in the external ear canal when sound is applied to the skull; (4) registration of changes in the acoustic impedance of the ear; (5) detection of variations in air pressure in the ear canal caused by eardrum movements. Investigation of the latency of the stapedius muscle reflex may also be performed by most of the above-mentioned procedures. This latency is defined as the time interval between the
Microarray identification of novel downstream targets of FoxD4L1/D5, a critical component of the neural ectodermal transcriptional network

FoxD4L1/D5 is a forkhead transcription factor that functions as both a transcriptional activator and repressor. FoxD4L1/D5 acts upstream of several other neural transcription factors to maintain neural fate, regulate neural plate patterning, and delay the expression of neural differentiation factors. To identify a more complete list of downstream genes that participate in these earliest steps of neural ectodermal development, we carried out a microarray analysis comparing gene expression in control animal cap ectodermal explants (ACs), which will form epidermis, to that in FoxD4L1/D5‐expressing ACs. Forty‐four genes were tested for validation by RT‐PCR of ACs and/or in situ hybridization assays in embryos; 86% of those genes up‐regulated and 100% of those genes down‐regulated in the microarray were altered accordingly in one of these independent assays. Eleven of these 44 genes are of unknown function, and we provide herein their developmental expression patterns to begin to reveal their roles in ectodermal development. Developmental Dynamics 239:3467–3480, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Task-specific kinetic finger tremor affects the performance of carrom players

Abstract We aimed to determine the effect of task-specific kinetic finger tremor, as indexed by surface electromyography (EMG), on the accuracy of a carrom stroke. Surface EMG of extensor digitorum communis muscle of the playing arm was recorded during rest, isometric contraction and stroke execution in 17 male carrom players with clinically observed finger tremor and 18 skill- and age-matched controls. Log-transformed power spectral densities (LogPSDs) of surface EMG activity (signifying tremor severity) at a 1-s pre-execution period correlated with angular error of the stroke. LogPSDs in 4–10 Hz range were higher in players with tremor than controls during pre-execution (P < 0.001), but not during the resting state (P = 0.067). Pre-execution tremor amplitude correlated with angular deviation (r = 0.45, P = 0.007). For the first time, we document a task-specific kinetic finger tremor in carrom players. This finger tremor during the immediate pre-execution phase appears to be a significant determinant of stroke accuracy.
Aerobic Bacterial Conjunctival Flora in Diabetic Patients

Objective To study the aerobic conjunctival flora of diabetic patients and its relation to the presence and level of diabetic retinopathy and the duration of the disease. Methods One hundred three patients from the diabetic retinopathy screening program of the Federal University of São Paulo with no evidence of ocular surface disease were included. The diabetic patient cohort was compared with 60 nondiabetic subjects. All patients underwent slit-lamp evaluation, conjunctival scrapings, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Results The frequency of positive conjunctival cultures was significantly higher in the diabetic group (94.18%) than in the nondiabetic group (73.33%). Among diabetic patients, a significantly higher frequency of positive cultures was detected in those with diabetic retinopathy than in those without retinopathy. Neither the duration of the diabetes nor the hypoglycemic therapy correlated with the culture results. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most common microorganism isolated, and its identification was more frequent in patients with retinopathy than in those without diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion Diabetic patients have a significantly higher number of positive conjunctival cultures. The presence of diabetic retinopathy was correlated with an increase in positive cultures and a higher proportion of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus.
Word Alignment Quality in the IBM 2 Mixture Model

Finite mixture modelling is a standard pattern recognition technique. However, in statistical machine translation (SMT), the use of mixture modelling is currently being explored. Two main advantages of the mixture approach are first, its flexibility to find an appropriate tradeoff between model complexity and the amount of training data available and second, its capability to learn specific probability distributions that better fit subsets of the training dataset. This latter advantage is even more important in SMT, since it is widely accepted that most state-of-the-art translation models proposed have limited application to restricted semantic domains. In this work, we revisit the mixture extension of the wellknown M2 translation model. The M2 mixture model is evaluated on a word alignment large-scale task obtaining encouraging results that prove the applicability of finite mixture modelling in SMT.
RAD51-Dependent Break-Induced Replication Differs in Kinetics and Checkpoint Responses from RAD51-Mediated Gene Conversion

ABSTRACT Diploid Saccharomyces cells experiencing a double-strand break (DSB) on one homologous chromosome repair the break by RAD51-mediated gene conversion >98% of the time. However, when extensive homologous sequences are restricted to one side of the DSB, repair can occur by both RAD51-dependent and RAD51-independent break-induced replication (BIR) mechanisms. Here we characterize the kinetics and checkpoint dependence of RAD51-dependent BIR when the DSB is created within a chromosome. Gene conversion products appear within 2 h, and there is little, if any, induction of the DNA damage checkpoint; however, RAD51-dependent BIR occurs with a further delay of 2 to 4 h and cells arrest in response to the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint. RAD51-dependent BIR does not require special facilitating sequences that are required for a less efficient RAD51-independent process. RAD51-dependent BIR occurs efficiently in G2-arrested cells. Once repair is initiated, the rate of repair replication during BIR is comparable to that of normal DNA replication, as copying of >100 kb is completed less than 30 min after repair DNA synthesis is detected close to the DSB.
Crush syndrome patients after the Marmara earthquake

Background: To assess the treatment and outcome of patients with crush injury sustained in the Marmara earthquake. Methods: Seven hundred eighty three patients were transferred to a university hospital and 25 of them were admitted to the intensive care unit. The medical records of 18 crush injury patients were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The major associated injuries were in the lower extremities, upper extremities, and chest. Seven patients underwent fasciotomy and six patients had amputations. Twelve patients required mechanical ventilation. Adult respiratory distress syndrome developed in four patients. Oliguria occurred in eight patients. Hyperkalaemia was seen in six patients and four of them underwent emergency haemodialysis. One patient died because of hyperkalaemia on arrival to the intensive care unit. Renal failure was treated with haemodialysis or haemoperfusion in 13 patients. Five patients died because of multiple organ failure and two patients because of sepsis. Conclusion: Crush syndrome is a life treatening event. The authors believe that early transportation and immediate intensive care therapy would have improved the survival rate.
Bilateral First and Second Branchial Cleft Fistulas: A Case Report

Branchial cleft anomalies—which include branchial cysts, sinuses, and fistulas—are uncommon developmental defects of the neck. Approximately 2 to 3% of cases are bilateral; bilateral presentations appear to have a familial component. Only 5 cases of bilateral branchial cleft fistulas have been reported in the English-language literature, and only 1 case of simultaneous first and second branchial cleft fistulas has been previously reported. We report what to the best of our knowledge is the second case of bilateral first and second branchial cleft fistulas.
Assessment of sleep in subjects with visual impairment: Comparison using subjective and objective methods

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to verify the agreement between objective and subjective measures of sleep in people with and without visual impairment. Thirty-seven subjects with visual impairment participated in the study (19 blind without light perception and 18 low-vision), as well as 34 subjects with normal vision, with paired age and gender characteristics. For the subjective sleep evaluation, we used the Sleep Quality Index—PSQI and for the objective evaluation we used the ActiGraph GT3X+. Among the three analyzed groups, the blind was the only ones who presented differences between subjective and objective sleep duration (p = 0.021). Furthermore, the concordance between subjective and objective sleep duration (ICC = 0.388; p = 0.108) was not observed in blind subjects, and a greater variability of differences in sleep duration between the two methods was observed by the Bland Altman scatter plot. We concluded that the sleep duration obtained by PSQI did not show agreement for the objective sleep duration in blind subjects without light perception.
Risk Factors for Injury in Indoor Compared with Outdoor Adolescent Soccer

Background There are limited data on the epidemiology of indoor soccer injuries. Purpose Injury rates and risk factors for injury in adolescent indoor and outdoor soccer in the same cohort of players will be identified and compared. Study Design Cohort study (prevalence); Level of evidence, 2. Methods The study population was a random sample of 21 adolescent (ages 13-17 years) outdoor soccer teams (N = 317). The subcohort included players continuing to play in the indoor soccer season (n = 142). The injury definition included any injury occurring in soccer that resulted in medical attention, the inability to complete a session, and/or missing a subsequent session. Results The overall injury rate found in indoor soccer over 20 weeks was 4.45 injuries per 1000 player hours (95% confidence interval, 3.1–6.19). The overall injury rate found in the 13-week outdoor soccer season among a similar cohort was 5.59 injuries per 1000 player hours (95% confidence interval, 4.42–6.97). The relative risk of injury suggests that there was no significant difference between injury rates by age group or gender in indoor soccer compared with outdoor soccer. The risk of injury in the most elite division of play was greater in outdoor compared with indoor soccer (relative risk, 3.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-6.12). The most commonly injured body part in both indoor and outdoor soccer was the ankle, followed by the groin in indoor and the knee in outdoor soccer. Conclusion There were no significant differences in overall injury rates found by gender or age group for indoor compared with outdoor soccer. Future research should focus on injury prevention strategies to reduce lower extremity injury in indoor and outdoor adolescent soccer.