Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluoride Containing Bioactive Glass Composite For Orthodontic Adhesives Abstract: Objectives: Dental materials that release calcium, phosphate and fluoride ions could prevent demineralisation

Objectives: Dental materials that release calcium, phosphate and fluoride ions could prevent demineralisation and/or enhance remineralisation of enamel. The objective was to develop a novel bioactive glass (BAG) resin and investigate pH changes and ion release in 3 immersion media. Methods: Quench melt derived BAG (35.25% SiO2, 6% Na2O, 43% CaO, 5.75% P2O5, and 10% CaF2) was incorporated into a resin (42.25% BisEMA, 55% TEGDMA, 0.25% DMAEM, 0.5% camphorquinone and 2% 4-Meta), with a filler load of 80% by weight. Ninety composite disks for each BAG loading of 80%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 20%, and 0% were made and each disk was immersed in 10ml of either tris buffer (TB), or artificial saliva at pH=7 (AS7) or pH=4 (AS4), n=30 for each solution. Three disks of each loading were taken from each of the solutions, at ten time points (6 hours-6months), for measurement of pH, fluoride, calcium and phosphate. Results: The BAG adhesive raised the pH in all the solutions, release Ca, PO4 and F ions especially in AS4. The rise in pH and the release of Ca and F are directly related to the BAG loading and the time of immersion. The pH and the ion releases were maintained and continued over 6 months. Significance: Unlike glass ionomer resins, favourable ions F, Ca and PO4 releases were maintained over a long time period especailly in acidic condition for this novel BAG-resin composite. This indicates the resin has the potential to prevent formation and progression of early caries lesions.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

A field experiment was carried out to estimate the advantageous efficiency of the foliar application of glycine betaine (GB) (10mM) on salt-stressed maize (Zea mays L.) plants. Salinity treatments (50 and 100 mM) were conducted using sodium chloride (NaCl). The results showed that the increase in salinity levels led to a decrease in the maize shoot growth criteria (the leaves number per plant, leaf area index, shoot dry weight, plant height and ear height) and yield components (the ear diameter, ear length, kernels number per ear, seed weight per ear and the 100 seed weight). This effect was obvious with the 100 mM NaCl treatment for all measured parameters. On the other hand, the exogenous application of glycine betaine seemed to mitigate the negative effects of salt stress on the growth criteria and productivity of maize plants. So, it can be concluded that maize plants are not salt-tolerant, and the foliar application of GB might be useful as a possible growth regulator to ameliorate the growth and productivity of maize plants under salinity conditions.
Best Alternatives Determination and Financial Feasibility Analysis of the Cleaner Production Application at Amplang Crackers Industry [Penentuan Alternatif Terbaik dan Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Penerapan Produksi Bersih Industri Kerupuk Amplang]

AbstractSmall-medium enterprises “Bintang Kertasada” is the mackerel fish crackers industry in Sumenep which generates solid and liquid waste, negatively affecting the environment. Therefore, a strategy in reducing the volume of waste produced and its impacts is the implementation of cleaner production and further determined through this present study. A method of AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process), followed by feasibility study through BEP (Break Event Point), PP (Payback Periode), B/C Ratio (Benefit-Cost Ratio), NPV (Net Present Value), and IRR (Internal Rate of Return) analysis were performed. This study demonstrated that the best alternative was processing fish skin into crackers that was attributed by the AHP score of 0.565. Furthermore, the financial feasibility analysis indicated that the production of fish scale crackers was feasible, indicated by the BEP of IDR 4,412 with 27,617 units produced, PP of 11 months, B/C ratio of 1.2, NPV of IDR 23,176,128, -, and IRR of 27.12%. Overall, the processing solid waste of fish skin into crackers was the best alternative with the most financial feasibility.AbstrakUD. Bintang Kertasada-Sumenep merupakan salah satu industri pengolahan kerupuk amplang yang menghasilkan limbah padat dan cair. Selama ini, limbah yang dihasilkan sudah ditangani secara optimal namun tidak pada limbah padat kulit ikan. Produksi Bersih merupakan salah satu strategi yang digunakan untuk mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan dengan mengurangi jumlah sumber daya dan limbah hasil samping produksi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui alternatif terbaik penerapan produksi bersih di UD. Bintang Kertasada-Sumenep dan mengetahui kelayakan finansial dari alternatif terbaik tersebut. Alternatif penerapan produksi bersih yang digunakan adalah kerupuk kulit ikan, keripik kulit ikan crispy, kulit ikan goreng berbalut telur asin, minyak kult ikan, gelatin dan lem kulit ikan. Penentuan alternatif terbaik dilakukan dengan metode AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Parameter kelayakan finansial menggunakan perhitungan BEP (Break Event Point), PP (Payback Periode), B/C Ratio (Benefit Cost Ratio), NPV (Net Present Value), dan IRR (Internal Rate of Return). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alternatif terbaik yakni mengolah limbah padat kulit ikan menjadi kerupuk dengan nilai bobot sebesar 0,565. Analisis Kelayakan finansial menunjukkan bahwa produksi kerupuk kulit ikan layak untuk dilakukan dengan perolehan BEP harga sebesar Rp. 4.412, BEP produksi sebanyak 27.617 kemasan, PP selama 11 bulan, B/C Ratio 1,2, NPV sebesar Rp 23.176. 128, dan IRR sebesar 27,12%.
Stabilization of Cart Inverted Pendulum System by 2-rate controllers based on PSO technique

This paper proposes a PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) based tuning rule for 2-rate controllers for the stabilization of cart-inverted pendulum system. In [1] the 2-Rate controller, a special subset of 2-periodic controller, has been designed to achieve poles as well as loop-zero placement leading to an improved gain margin (GM) as compared to its LTI counterpart. In the work of [2], the 2-Rate compensation technique was employed to stabilize the cart inverted pendulum system. However, the controller design approach was based on trial and error method and the GM of the overall system depends on the choice of controller poles and loop-zeros. In order to formalize this problem of selecting the proper locations of the controller poles and loop-zeros, this paper proposes a PSO based approach. The objective is to have an efficient and effective search by a group of particles in the solution space to find out the optimal locations of the controller poles and loop-zeros that yield satisfactory loop robustness.
The HSPG binding domain of APRIL serves as a platform for ligand multimersation and cross-linking

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Bases para um programa de detecçäo precoce do câncer de mama por meio da momografia

1. Pós-graduando (Mestrado) em Radiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ. 2. Professor Titular de Radiologia da UFRJ, Coordenador da linha de pesquisa “Bases para um programa de detecção precoce do câncer de mama por meio da mamografia”, do Curso de Pós-graduação em Radiologia da UFRJ. Endereço para correspondência: Dr. Eduardo Rodrigues Godinho. Rua 5, no 784, Centro. Goiânia, GO, 74055-290. E-mail: eduardorgodinho@ig.com. br Recebido para publicação em 7/11/2001. Aceito, após revisão, em 3/12/2001. INTRODUÇÃO O câncer de mama, segundo estimativas do Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA), deverá vitimar cerca de 31.590 mulheres no Brasil no ano de 2001. O número de óbitos previsto é de aproximadamente 8.670. Estas estimativas representam uma taxa bruta de incidência de 36,47/100.000 e taxa bruta de mortalidade de 9,99/100.000. Entre 1979 e 1998 a taxa bruta de mortalidade era de cerca de 5,77/100.000, observando-se, portanto, um aumento de aproximadamente 68% dessa taxa . Elevação na incidência do câncer de mama tem sido relatada mundialmente e não é proveniente apenas da maior disponibilidade de métodos diagnósticos. Estudos apontam que no período 1975–2000 o número de casos novos, em mulheres idosas, deve aumentar 15% em países desenvolvidos e 63% em países em desenvolvimento. No Brasil, a taxa de mortalidade por esta modalidade de câncer saltou de 5,77/100.000 em 1979 para 9,70/100.000 em 1998. Algumas alterações nas características da população feminina têm sido responsabilizadas pelo incremento na incidência do câncer de mama. No Brasil, o processo de urbanização pelo qual tem passado o país (fato ocorrido há mais tempo nas nações desenvolvidas), sobretudo a partir da década de 70, torna maior a exposição das mulheres a fatores que elevam o risco para o desenvolvimento do câncer de mama. Dentre esses fatores, a primeira gravidez tardia e a obesidade. O aumento da expectativa de vida da população brasileira também tem exercido influência, já que a incidência do câncer de mama cresce com o progredir da idade. O lapso temporal existente na mudança dessas características da população feminina deve representar a explicação para as estimativas de maior número de casos novos nas nações em desenvolvimento. Prevenção do câncer de mama A questão da prevenção do câncer de mama é bastante complexa, em virtude da multiplicidade de fatores envolvidos, tornando difícil o controle. História familiar, presença do gene BRCA, hormônios endógenos e exógenos, fatores sócio-demográficos, tipo de O perfil da mulher que se submete a mamografia em Goiânia 140 Radiol Bras 2002;35(3):139–145 dieta e estilo de vida, todos são co-participantes, porém a capacidade de intervenção nesses fatores é limitada. A prevenção do câncer de mama pode ser primária ou secundária. O papel da prevenção primária é o de modificar ou eliminar fatores de risco para este câncer. Na prevenção secundária enquadram-se o diagnóstico e tratamento dos cânceres precoces . Nesta abordagem está inserida a mamografia.
Fracture resistance of roots enlarged with various rotary systems and obturated with different sealers

Background. This in vitro study compared the fracture resistance of roots instrumented either with ProTaper or One Shape rotary systems and filled with one of the silicate, epoxy resin or silicone-based sealers. Methods. Sixty single-rooted extracted mandibular premolars were decoronated to a length of 13 mm and then randomly divided into two main groups (n=30) in terms of the rotary system used for preparation. Group 1 samples were instrumented with the ProTaper Universal system up to a master apical file of #F2, while samples in group 2 were enlarged with One Shape system. The two main groups were then divided into 3 subgroups in terms of the sealer used (n=10) and filled with guttapercha (either F2 or MM-GP points) of the rotary system used and one of the sealers as follows: group 1, BioRoot RCS + ProTaper F2 gutta-percha; group 2, AH Plus + ProTaper F2 gutta-percha; group 3, GuttaFlow + ProTaper F2 gutta-percha; group 4, BioRoot RCS+ MM-GP points; group 5, AH Plus + MM-GP points; and group 6, GuttaFlow + MM-GP points. Each specimen then underwent fracture testing by using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min until the root fractured. Data were statistically analyzed. Results. Two-way ANOVA showed no significant differences between the groups. One Shape instruments showed significantly better fracture resistance compared to ProTaper instruments. Statistically, no significant difference was found between AHPlus, GuttaFlow and BioRoot RCS sealers. Conclusion. It can be concluded that the rotary system used for the instrumentation of teeth has some influence on the fracture resistance, while the root canal sealers do not have such an effect.
Writing Online: Using Blogs as an Alternative Writing Activity in Tertiary ESL Classes

This paper presents how Blogging may be used as an alternative activity in tertiary writing classes. Particularly, this paper would discuss how Blogs can be included in academic writing class. The discussions will initially revolve on the language learning theories that support the framework of blogs—the characteristics of Blogs that make it an appropriate classroom activity for improving writing proficiency. Then, the paper will further discuss the processes that were undertaken within the Blogging project. Finally, sample Blogs and commentaries to these blogs would be investigated to see some meritorious characteristics and experiences that support Blogging as an effective activity in developing and improving writing proficiency.
Mineralogical and geochemical trends of the Vaca Muerta-Quintuco system in the Puerta Curaco section , Neuquén Basin

The deposits of the Vaca Muerta-Quintuco system (Tithonian-Valanginian) have been analyzed in the Puerta Curaco section to study the mineralogical and geochemical variations through the progressive transition from a carbonate ramp (Vaca Muerta Formation) to a mixed shelf (Quintuco Formation). A lithostratigraphic log, gamma-ray measurements (GR), mineralogical (XRD) and geochemical analysis (XRF) allowed to define five intervals: I1-I5. I1 and I2 belong to the Vaca Muerta Formation. They are dominated by carbonate sedimentation and present the highest values of organic proxies of the system. The total GR values are strongly dependent of the U content and the V/V+Ni ratio suggests alternating anoxic and euxinic conditions of the sea bottom. I3 is developed in the transition between both units and exhibits a sudden increase in the clay mineral content and a decrease in the organic proxies, associated to a sea level fall. I4 and I5 belong to the Quintuco Formation. I4 is characterized by a renewed increase in the carbonate sedimentation while I5 records the highest clastic input to the basin, evidencing the settling of the mixed shelf. In the Quintuco Formation, the V/V+Ni ratio suggests anoxia/dysoxia at the sea-bottom. In addition, a decrease in the organic proxies and an excellent correlation between total GR and K and Th is recorded. Decreasing organic matter content in the Quintuco Formation is attributed to a dilution phenomenon caused by the increasing detrital input and not by changes in the oxygenation of the sea-bottom. Palabras clave: geochemistry, organic matter, shale, sequence stratigraphy, paleoenvironmental analysis
DEVELOPING AND TESTING A RELATIONSHIP QUALITY MODEL: THE CONTEXT OF UNDERGRADUATE BUSINESS PROGRAMS IN THAILAND1

The purpose of this study is to develop a concept of the dimensions of relationship quality for students and lecturers, using the Investment Theory. The determinants of relationship quality drawn from the Social Exchange Theory and their outcomes were investigated. Past studies examined relationship quality in various contexts, yet were limited in higher education. Relationship quality dimensions are evolving and mostly capture only “want to” and “ought to” stay in relationships, hence, this study added a “have to” aspect. This study adopted in-depth interviews and a self-administered questionnaire. The 459 useable data from undergraduate students of the international day-program in business of three purposively selected universities were analyzed. This empirical study has found that students’ trust, gratitude, and dependence represent comprehensive dimensions, as justified by the three aspects of relationship based on the Investment Theory, of relationship quality. Effective communication was the most significant predictor of trust. Functional quality was the most significant predictor of gratitude. Mentorship was the strongest predictor of relationship quality. These findings contribute that the Social Exchange Theory can be used to explain the reasons for strong student relationships. Accordingly, higher education institutions are recommended to sustain the effective communication, functional quality, and mentorship qualities of their lecturers.
Evaluation of the relationship between MIH severity and dental fear among the children

Objective: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), a quite common condition in pediatric dentistry, whose treatment might seem complicated, manifests itself with severe dental anxiety and fear that can cause behavioral problems. Although dental fear is seen in almost all cases, it is believed that dental fear will increase as the severity of MIH increases. This study evaluates the relationship between MIH severity and dental fear. Material and Methods: Children Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) was used to measure dental fear in 58 (51.79%) children whose teeth suffered from mild, moderate or severe MIH and 54 (48.21%) children with healthy teeth. Scores between 1 (not afraid at all) and 5 (very afraid) were given according to the responses. Each question was evaluated separately in order to obtain the total score. Results: Children with severe MIH who participated in the study were proved to be more afraid of the dentists, drill sounds, injections, placement of instruments in the mouth, choking and going to the hospital; and there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although it was observed that the severity of MIH and dental fear are correlated and dental fear increases with the increase in the MIH severity, further studies in this subject are necessary.
Reproductive biology of the shrimp Palaemon northropi (Rankin, 1898) (Caridea: Palaemonidae) from an estuary in the Brazilian northeastern

The objective of this study was to evaluate aspects of the reproductive biology of Palaemon northropi , a shrimp of the northeastern Brazilian estuarine region. The specimens were sampled between July and November 2017, with a hand net, and were identified to species level and sexed. We measured the carapace length (CL) of males and females and the second pleura length (PL) of females. A total of 85 individuals were collected, including 36 males and 49 females (24 non-ovigerous and 25 ovigerous). The sex ratio was 0.42, with a non-significant departure from the 1:1 ratio. Mean sizes (±SD) of males and females were 3.41±0.54 and 4.98±1.33 mm CL, respectively. The mean size of the PL (±SD) of females was 2.67±1.03 mm CL. Mean fecundity was 255±57.84 embryos. The CL was positively associated with fecundity, but the fecundity did not vary between embryo developmental stages. Palaemon northropi shows sexual dimorphism, with females being larger than males. The results indicate that the embryonic development of P. northropi occurs normally, even in an estuarine region, such as that of present study, since there was no significant loss of embryos during development. This study contributes to knowledge of the reproductive biology of P. northropi and help in our understanding of the ecological relevance of these shrimps in estuarine environments.
Sudden and unexpected natural deaths – A four-year autopsy review

Sudden and unexpected death is an indication for a medicolegal autopsy. The present study constitutes both Prospective and Retrospective periods and was undertaken in Department of Forensic-Medicine at R.M. C. Loni, India, between the period Jan 2000 to Dec. 2004, with the object of studying this untimely deaths. A total of 1176 Medico-Legal Autopsies were performed during this period. Sudden and Unexplained deaths formed 8.67% of Medico Legal Autopsies, with Male to Female ratio of 5.8:1. About 66.67% of cases were due to Cardiovascular Pathology, 27.45% were due to Pulmonary Pathology. All natural deaths occurring within 24hours (WHO) from the onset of signs and symptoms were considered. Cases involving trauma, drugs, poison, asphyxia, decomposition were excluded.
ELECTORAL UNCERTAINTY, FISCAL POLICY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Theory and evidence from the UK and a panel of parliamentary democracies

We study the link between elections, fiscal policy and economic growth. The set-up is a general equilibrium model of endogenous growth and optimal fiscal policy, in which two political parties can alternate in power. The party in power chooses jointly how much to tax and how to allocate its total expenditure between productive and non-productive activities. The main prediction is that as the probability of re-election falls, forward-looking governments find it optimal to follow relatively shortsighted fiscal policies, and that this is bad for private investment and economic growth. This prediction is tested by using government popularity data for the UK, and data on the duration of governments for 20 parliamentary democracies. The results are consistent with the theory.
makroekonomi dalam jangka panjang. Kajian ini mengatasi masalah kekurangan kajian yang pernah dilaksanakan dalam bidang ini, terutamanya dalam konteks negara membangun. Hasil kajian mendedahkan cara firma membuat keputusan pembiayaan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang mereka apabila berhadapan dengan 

Firms often face uncertainties which may affect corporate financing decisions. As uncertainty has potential adverse and destabilizing effects on firms, this study is carried out to examine the influence of firm-specific and macroeconomic uncertainty on firm leverage, short-term and long-term debt. Based on a panel of Philippine listed firms from 2004-2014, we adopt a dynamic panel data estimation technique, namely the Generalized Method of Moments to conduct our analyses. The results provide strong evidence of the adverse influence of firm-specific and macroeconomic uncertainty on leverage. Furthermore, the results indicate that while short-term debt is adversely impacted by firm-specific and macroeconomic uncertainty, long-term debt is merely influenced by macroeconomic uncertainty. This implies that although Philippine firms consider firm-specific and macroeconomic uncertainty in their short-run financing decisions, they are primarily concerned about macroeconomic uncertainty in the long-run. This paper addresses the paucity of research that has been conducted in this area, particularly in the context of developing countries. The findings provide important insights into the way firms derive their shortand long-run corporate financing decisions when encountering uncertainties. The insights can guide policymakers to formulate suitable policies to ensure stability in the business and macroeconomic
The Natural Class of Tough-Predicates, and Non-finite Clauses

Still, we have a poor understanding of why some predicates participate in the alternation above (difficult, easy) but other things don’t (tall, quick). Here I address this issue by exploring what defines the natural class of tough-predicates (ToughPreds), and what this tells us about the types of embedded clauses that appear in the tough-construction (for-CPs). I first show that many types of phrases (APs, DPs, VPs) can participate in the tough-alternation. Based on this expanded data set, we can define the class of ToughPreds using two semantic factors: modality and eventivity. Finally, I explore the connection between ToughPreds and for-CPs, arguing that for-CPs describe properties of contentful events, adopting ideas from Hacquard (2006); Moulton (2009). I will not attempt to derive the alternation in (1). The goal here is simply to define the class of ToughPreds and their connection to for-CPs. I leave the derivational link between (1) open for now. See Gluckman (2018) for an analysis based on the conclusions presented here.