Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spinal Reflex Attenuation Associated With Spinal Manipulation

Study Design. This study evaluated the effect of lumbosacral spinal manipulation with thrust and spinal mobilization without thrust on the excitability of the alpha motoneuronal pool in human subjects without low back pain. Objectives. To investigate the effect of high velocity, low amplitude thrust, or mobilization without thrust on the excitability of the alpha motoneuron pool, and to elucidate potential mechanisms in which manual procedures may affect back muscle activity. Summary of Background Data. The physiologic mechanisms of spinal manipulation are largely unknown. It has been proposed that spinal manipulation may reduce back muscle electromyographic activity in patients with low back pain. Although positive outcomes of spinal manipulation intervention for low back pain have been reported in clinical trials, the mechanisms involved in the amelioration of symptoms are unknown. Methods. In this study, 17 nonpatient human subjects were used to investigate the effect of spinal manipulation and mobilization on the amplitude of the tibial nerve Hoffmann reflex recorded from the gastrocnemius muscle. Reflexes were recorded before and after manual spinal procedures. Results. Both spinal manipulation with thrust and mobilization without thrust significantly attenuated alpha motoneuronal activity, as measured by the amplitude of the gastrocnemius Hoffmann reflex. This suppression of motoneuronal activity was significant (P < 0.05) but transient, with a return to baseline values exhibited 30 seconds after intervention. Conclusions. Both spinal manipulation with thrust and mobilization without thrust procedures produce a profound but transient attenuation of alpha motoneuronal excitability. These findings substantiate the theory that manual spinal therapy procedures may lead to short-term inhibitory effects on the human motor system.
Novel Cu-based dz2 order at a YBa2Cu3O7/ manganite interface

The interplay of nearly degenerate orders in quantum materials can lead to a myriad of emergent phases. A prominent case is that of the high-Tc cuprates for which the relationship between superconductivity and a short-ranged, incommensurate charge density wave in the CuO2 planes involving the dx2-y2 orbitals (Cu-CDW) is a subject of great current interest. Strong modifications of the strength and coherence of this Cu-CDW have been achieved by applying large magnetic fields, uniaxial pressure, or via the interfacial coupling in cuprate/manganite multilayers. However, such modifications do not alter the dominant orbital character. Here we investigate cuprate/manganite multilayers with resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) and show that a new kind of Cu-based density wave order can be induced that has not been previously observed in the cuprates. This order has an unusually small wave vector of Q = 0.096 reciprocal lattice units (r.l.u.), a large correlation length of about 40 nm, and a predominant dz2 orbital character, instead of the typical dx2-y2 character. Its appearance is determined by the hole doping of the manganite which is a key parameter controlling the interfacial charge transfer and orbital reconstruction. We anticipate that the observation of a previously unknown type of density wave order at the YBCO interface will allow for fresh perspectives on the enigmatic relation between superconductivity and charge order (CO) in the cuprates.
Correlation Miner: Mining Business Process Models and Event Correlations Without Case Identifiers

Process discovery algorithms aim to capture process models from event logs. These algorithms have been designed for logs in which the events that belong to the same case are related to each other — and to that case — by means of a unique case identifier. However, in service-oriented systems, these case identifiers are rarely stored beyond request-response pairs, which makes it hard to relate events that belong to the same case. This is known as the correlation challenge. This paper addresses the correlation challenge by introducing a technique, called the correlation miner, that facilitates discovery of business process models when events are not associated with a case identifier. It extends previous work on the correlation miner, by not only enabling the discovery of the process model, but also detecting which events belong to the same case. Experiments performed on both synthetic and real-world event logs show the applicability of the correlation miner. The resulting technique enables us to observe a service-oriented system and determine — with high accuracy — which request-response pairs sent by different communicating parties are related to each other.
Conservative surgical management of subungual (matrix derived) melanoma: report of seven cases and literature review

Background Subungual melanoma (SUM) is a rare entity, comprising approximately 0·7–3·5% of all melanoma subtypes. SUM histopathologically belongs to the acral lentiginous pathological subtype of malignant melanoma. Its diagnosis is helped by dermoscopy but pathological examination of doubtful cases is required. Classical management of SUM is based on radical surgery, namely distal phalanx amputation. Conservative treatment with nonamputative wide excision of the nail unit followed by a skin graft has been insufficiently reported in the medical literature even though it is performed in many centres.
Theory of Deep Learning III : Generalization Properties of SGD by

In Theory III we characterize with a mix of theory and experiments the consistency and generalization properties of deep convolutional networks trained with Stochastic Gradient Descent in classification tasks. A present perceived puzzle is that deep networks show good predicitve performance when overparametrization relative to the number of training data suggests overfitting. We describe an explanation of these empirical results in terms of the following new results on SGD: 1. SGD concentrates in probability like the classical Langevin equation – on large volume, “flat” minima, selecting flat minimizers which are with very high probability also global minimizers. 2. Minimization by GD or SGD on flat minima can be approximated well by minimization on a linear funcion of the weights suggesting pseudoinverse solutions. 3. Pseudoinverse solutions are known to be intrinsically regularized with a regularization parameter λ which decreases as 1 T where T is the number of iterations. This can qualitatively explain all the generalization properties empirically observed for deep networks. 4. GD and SGD are connected closely to robust optimization. This provides an alternative way to show that GD and SGD perform implicit regularization. These results explain the puzzling findings about fitting randomly labeled data while performing well on natural labeled data. They also explains while overparametrization does not result in overfitting. Quantitative, non-vacuous bounds are still missing, as it has almost always been the case for most practical applications of machine learning. We describe in the appendix an alternative approach that explains more directly, with tools of linear algebra the same qualitative properties and puzzles of generalization in deep polynomial networks. This is version 2. The first version was released on 04/04/2017 at https://dspace.mit. edu/handle/1721.1/107841.
No Evidence for an Association Between Common Nonsynonymous Polymorphisms in Delta and Bristle Number Variation in Natural and Laboratory Populations of Drosophila melanogaster

We test the hypothesis that naturally occurring nonsynonymous variants in the Delta ligand of the Notch signaling pathway contribute to standing variation in sternopleural and/or abdominal bristle number in Drosophila melanogaster, for both a large cohort of wild-caught flies and previously described laboratory lines. We sequenced the transcribed region of Delta for 16 naturally occurring chromosomes and 65 SNPs, including 7 nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs), were observed. Identified nsSNPs and 6 additional common SNPs, all located in exon 6 and the 3′ UTR, were genotyped in 2060 wild-caught flies using an OLA-based methodology and genotyped in 38 additional natural chromosomes via DNA sequencing. None of the genotyped nsSNPs were significantly associated with natural variation in bristle number as assessed by a permutation test. A 95% upper bound on the additive genetic variance attributable to each genotyped SNP in the large natural cohort is <2% of the total phenotypic variation. Results suggest that two previously detected genotype/phenotype associations between bristle number and variants in the introns of Delta cannot be explained by linkage disequilibrium between these variants and nearby nonsynonymous variants. Unidentified regulatory variants more parsimoniously explain previous observations.
Cytological Examination of Rat Amniotic Epithelial Cells and Cell Transplantation to the Liver

It is hoped that amniotic epithelial cells can be useful in cell-mediated gene therapy. We report here an experimental cell transplantation model of amniotic cells in rats. There is an anatomical difference between human and rodent embryos. We established a method to isolate amniotic cells that are equivalent to human amniotic epithelial cells. An amniotic membrane distinct from the yolk sac was carefully collected and teased in saline containing deoxyribonuclease and hyaluronidase, followed by collagenase digestion. The cell yield was approximately 106 cells per pregnant female (105 cells per fetus), roughly in proportion to the age of fetus used, and 60% of the isolated cells were attached to the dish under culture conditions. Telomerase activity was higher in the cells isolated from fetuses in the middle stage (day 13.5 to 15.5) than in the late stage (day 17.5 to 21.5). Adherent cells exhibited two to three times more cell division, resulting in a ninefold increase in the number of cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that approximately half of the adherent cells were albumin positive and formed clusters. The senescent cells survived for 2 months without apparent morphological changes. The adherent cells were able to be stored in liquid nitrogen and had a viability of 70% when thawed. Gene transduction with adenovirus vector was highly effective for rat amniotic cells. Transplantation of lacZ transfected amniotic cells into syngeneic rat liver resulted in the integration of the transplanted cells in the liver structure and the cells survived for at least 30 days.
Determination of low‐aliphatic aldehydes indoors by micellar electrokinetic chromatography using sample dissolution manipulation for signal enhancement

This work describes a novel approach for the analysis of selected aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and acrolein) and acetone in environmental samples using micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). The method is based on the reaction of carbonyl compounds with 3‐methyl‐2‐benzothiazoline hydrazone (MBTH) that gives an azine intermediate with maximum absorbance at 216 nm. A systematic evaluation of sample dissolution medium was conducted as a means to enhancing sensitivity. In the best condition, samples were dissolved in 0.030 mol·L−1 tetraborate solution. This condition presented enhancement factors in the range of 35–54 for the aldehydes under investigation, computed as the improvement of the concentration limits of detection (LODs) with reference to the sample dissolved in pure water. The running buffer was 0.020 mol·L−1 tetraborate, pH 9.3, containing 0.050 mol·L−1 sodium dodecyly sulfate (SDS). The overall methodology presented several advantages over established methods for aldehydes. Worthy mentioning that MBTH is available in high purity degree, dispensing laborious reagent purification procedures. A few method validation parameters were determined revealing good migration time repeatability (< 2.5% coefficient of variation, CV) and area repeatability (< 4% CV), excellent linearity (20–120 μg/L, r > 0.995) and adequate sensitivity for environmental applications. The LODs with respect to each single aldehyde were in the range of 0.54–4.0 μg·L−1 and 11 μg·L−1 for acetone. The methodology was applied to the determination of aldehydes indoors. Samples were collected in an impinger flask containing 0.05% MBTH solution, at a flow rate of 0.80 L·min−1, during 2.5 h, at different times during the day. The most abundant carbonyls in the samples were acetone, followed by formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, with estimate peak concentrations of 452, 5.2 and 2.2 ppbv, respectively.
Automated docking of glucosyl disaccharides in the glucoamylase active site

To better understand the molecular basis of glucomylase selectivity, low‐energy conformers of glucosyl disaccharides obtained from relaxed‐residue conformational mapping were flexibly docked into the glucoamylase active site using AutoDock 2.2. This procedure ensures that significant conformational space is searched and can produce bound structures comparable to those obtained by protein crystallography. α‐Linked glucosyl disaccharides except α,α‐trehalose dock easily into the active site while exclusively β‐linked disaccharides do not, explaining why only the former are glucoamylase substrates. The optimized docking modes are similar at the nonreducing end of the different substrates. Individual atomic energies of intermolecular interaction allow the definite identification of key hydroxyl groups for each substrate. This approach confirmed the versatility of the second subsite of the glucoamylase active site in binding different substrates. Proteins 28:162–173, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
The effectiveness and safety of avanafil for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety between different dosages of avanafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched to identify randomized controlled trials which compared avanafil with placebo, or compared different dosages of avanafil for ED. International Index of Erectile Function–Erectile Function domain score (IIEF-EF), Sexual Encounter Profile Question (SEP) questions 2 and 3, and adverse events were considered as the study outcomes. Both pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were carried out. Results: Five studies including 2225 patients were assessed. The pairwise meta-analysis suggested that avanafil was more effective than placebo in improving IIEF-EF (mean difference [MD]: 4.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.51 to 5.43), SEP-2 (MD: 17.41; 95% CI: 14.03 to 20.79), and SEP-3 (MD: 20.01; 95% CI: 22.98 to 37.22), with an evident dose–response relationship. The effectiveness was significantly different between the 50 mg and 100 mg groups, or between the 50 mg and 200 mg groups, for all outcomes. Overall, avanafil was associated with a significantly higher incidence of any adverse event (risk ratio [RR]: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.66 to 3.94), serious adverse event (RR: 2.78; 95% CI: 1.34 to 5.76), flushing (RR: 6.06; 95% CI: 3.37 to 10.88) and headache (RR: 7.54; 95% CI: 3.52 to 16.12) when compared with placebo. No significant difference in safety was found among various dosage groups. Conclusions: Avanafil, from 50 to 200 mg, is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of ED, and an increase in dosage is associated with a significant rise in effectiveness but not with significantly more adverse events.
Figuring it out in the moment: a theory of unregulated care providers' knowledge utilization in dementia care settings.

BACKGROUND Within the context of knowledge translation, the disconnect between the results of research and the practice patterns of nursing care providers has not been reported in the context of institutional dementia care practice. Therefore, little is known about how knowledge about best dementia care practice, defined broadly as the person-centered approach, gets used by institutional nursing care providers. AIM Unregulated care providers provide the majority of nursing care for older people with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders living in long-term care facilities. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to explore the process whereby these workers use knowledge about person-centered care in their dementia care practice. METHODS Transcribed data from tape-recorded interviews with 20 unregulated care providers among eight long-term care facilities in Ontario, Canada, were coded and categorized at progressively more abstract levels until concepts and the relationships among them were integrated in a middle-range theory of knowledge utilization. RESULTS The theory of Figuring it Out in the Moment illustrates how unregulated care providers in dementia care settings practice in the context of unpredictability, variability, and personal threat. Their use of knowledge about person-centered care is dependent on the existence of certain individual and relational conditions that interrelate with four separate, but interconnected, phases of clinical decision-making and action. CONCLUSIONS As a middle-range theory, Figuring it Out in the Moment is concrete and pragmatic information for promoting evidence-based dementia care not included in existing overarching knowledge utilization frameworks. Areas for further investigation include how knowledge utilization is conceptualized, as well as the influences of practitioners' clinical decision-making, the nature of caregiving with particular client populations, and the characteristics of individuals alone and in relationship on the utilization of best practice knowledge.
Electrophysiological characteristics of tectal and thalamo‐cortical divisions of the visual system in lower vertebrates

Electrophysiological characteristics of the visual system have been investigated on an ascending phylogenetic scale in submammalian vertebrates. In cyclostomes and plagiostomes the only system of vision is retino‐tectal. In lampreys spread of excitation from visual centers to descending paths of the spinal cord occurs readily, as a manifestation of diffuse, primitive brain. As a result of progressive cephalization, a new retino‐thalamo‐cortical system arises in amphibia and reptilia. The retino‐tectal system, however, retains its leading role. Optic tectum visual potentials are of short latency, displaying stability of pattern and aptitude to reproduce stimulation rhythm, making them comparable to primary responses of the mammalian cortex. The phylogenetically more recent retino‐thalamocortical system has not attained structural or functional maturity. Due to its diffuse organization, visual potentials generated in the surface cortical layer are of long latency, displaying aptitude to fatigue and recruiting on rhythmical stimulation, sensitivity to nembutal; being unlike the primary responses of the mammalian cortex, they should rather be regarded as responses of a non‐specific type. Electrical stimulation of dorsal thalamic structures in the frog, turtle and varanus also fails to evoke cortical responses of a primary type. In the course of phylogenetic development, the retino‐thalamo‐cortical system evidently goes through a stage (amphibia, reptiles), when representation of the function of vision is of a mainly non‐specific nature.
A randomized comparison of divalproex oral loading versus haloperidol in the initial treatment of acute psychotic mania.

BACKGROUND Uncontrolled evidence suggests that divalproex administered via the oral loading strategy of 20 mg/kg/day may produce clinically significant antimanic response within 3 days of treatment in some patients. We conducted a prospective study to compare the antimanic response of divalproex oral loading with that of haloperidol in the initial treatment of acute psychotic mania. METHOD After a < or = 1-day screening period, 36 consecutive hospitalized patients with bipolar disorder, manic or mixed phase and with psychotic features, were randomly assigned to receive either divalproex 20 mg/kg/day or haloperidol 0.2 mg/kg/day for 6 full days, without other psychotropic agents except lorazepam up to 4 mg/day for management of agitation. Serum valproate concentrations were measured after 1 day of treatment. Response was measured daily by a blind rater using the Young Mania Rating Scale and the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms. RESULTS Divalproex oral loading and haloperidol were equally effective in acutely reducing manic and psychotic symptoms. The greatest rate of improvement for both drug regimens occurred over the first 3 full days of treatment. Side effects were infrequent and minor for both treatments, except for extrapyramidal side effects which were significantly more common with haloperidol. CONCLUSION Divalproex oral loading may produce rapid onset of antimanic and antipsychotic response comparable to that of haloperidol and with minimal side effects in the initial treatment of acute psychotic mania in a subset of bipolar patients.
Mechanism of Vfb roll-off with High Work function Metal Gate and Low Temperature Oxygen Incorporation to Achieve PMOS Band Edge Work function

V<sub>fb</sub> roll-off phenomena in high work function (WF) metal gate on high-k is successfully explained by progressive oxygen vacancy (V<sub>o</sub> <sup>+</sup>) generation in high-k as bottom oxide scales. Based on this understanding, low temperature O incorporation (LTOI) process has been developed, which reduces PMOS V<sub>t</sub> significantly by enriching high-k with O without increasing equivalent oxide thickness (EOT).
PREVALENCE OF CAPRINE ARTHRITIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN ASSOCIATION WITH CLINICAL ARTHRITIS IN SIX PRODUCTION FARMS OF FRENCH ALPINE GOATS IN NORTH-WESTERN CROATIA

Prevalence of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) and occurrence of clinical arthritis were investigated on 543 goats of French Alpine breed on six intensive production farms in North-Western Croatia. The aim of the study was to determine seropositivity to CAEV and to examine the occurrence of clinical arthritis in relation to CAEV seropositive goats. All goats were examined clinically and presence of arthritis was noted. The blood samples were tested for antibodies against CAEV using the immunoenzyme test. All collected data were cross-classified in two-way contingency tables. Of the total number of goats, CAEV was serologically confirmed in 50.8% and 31.6% of all goats were diagnosed with clinical arthritis. CAEV seropositive goats were 21.9% and they also expressed clinical signs of arthritis. Statistical tests confirmed positive association between clinical arthritis diagnosis and seropositivity to CAEV with Phi coefficient of 0.25 (P<0.01). Results suggest that serious eradication programs should be introduced in north western Croatian goat herds, but also that further investigations in all Croatian herds should be conducted and measures should be applied on all herds.