Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transverse instabilities of ascending planar jets formed by wave impacts on vertical walls

When a steep breaking wave hits a vertical sea wall, in shallow water, a rapidly ascending planar jet forms. This jet is ejected with high acceleration due to pressure created by the violent wave impact on the wall, creating a so-called ‘flip-through’ event. Previous studies have focused on the impulsive pressures on, and within, the wall and on the velocity of the jet. Here, in contrast, we consider the formation and break-up of the jet itself. Experiments show that during flip-through a fluid sheet, bounded by a rim, forms. This sheet has unstable transitional behaviours and organizing jets; undulations in the thickness of the fluid sheet are rapidly amplified and ruptured into an array of vertical ligaments. Lateral undulations of the rim lead to the formation of finger-jets, which subsequently break up to form droplets and spray. We present a linear stability analysis of the rim–sheet systems that highlights the contributions of rim retraction and sheet stretching to the break-up process. The mechanisms for the sequential surface deformations in the rim–sheet system are also described. Multiple, distinct, instability modes are identified during the rim deceleration, sheet stretch attenuation and rim retraction processes. The wavenumbers (and deformation length scales) associated with these instability modes are shown to lead to the characteristic double peak spectrum of surface displacement observed in the experiments. These mechanisms help to explain the columnar structures often seen in photographs of violent wave impacts on harbour walls.
Evaluation of Spent Mushroom Substrate as biofertilizer for growth improvement of Capsicum annuum L.

Influence of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of oyster mushroom and button mushroom on the improvement of health status of Capsicum annuum L. was investigated. Analysis of growth promotion in terms of height, no of branches, yield and no of leaf drop indicated that the use of the spent mushroom substrate of oyster mushroom and spent compost of button mushroom had a positive effect on the overall growth of the tested plants. SMS had a role in mobilizing the soil phosphate which was evident by a decrease in soil phosphate level and increase in root and leaf phosphate following treatment with SMS. Chlorophyll content of plants increased when treated with oyster mushroom fresh substrate and button mushroom leachate compost. Fruits of plants treated with button mushroom leachate compost and oyster mushroom fresh substrate showed an increase in protein content of about 2.5 times over control. Similarly, carotenoid contents of fruits also increased significantly in the treated plants, but increases in leaves were not significant. It is evident from the present study that the use of different form of spent mushroom substrate of oyster mushroom and spent compost of button mushroom led to the overall increase in growth of Capsicum annuum L.
Factors Influencing the Social Health of Employees of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran

Background and objective: Indeed the development of health promotion pro - grams in the community would result in ineffective solutions if social and cul - tural backgrounds are not considered. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the level of social health and factors influencing the staff employees of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran. Methods: The study was a descriptive- analytical one in which 257 employees of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran were selected by strati - fied random sampling. In order to measure the social health of the employees, Keyes social health questionnaire was used. This questionnaire measured five social health components- social cohesion, social prosperity, social acceptance, participation and social adaptation. The data analysis was conducted using Non-parametric correlation (c2) and Kendall's test by SPSS 20 with the signifi - cance level of 0.05. Results: Most of the participants (51.7%) had medium social health, and 17.8% had low social health. There was a significant correlation between social health and gender, education and accommodations (p < 0.05); but no significant re - lationship was found between social health and age, marital and employment status. Conclusion: Health system will have a good performance if the issues and needs of employees are considered in designing and managing it. The results of this study showed the importance of health education and health promotion intervention in the field of social health among staff, especially the staff of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran. Paper Type: Research Article.
Material footprint of a sustainable nutrition system in 2050 : need for dynamic innovations in production, consumption and politics

The field of nutrition is facing numerous social, ecological and economic challenges in the coming decades. The food industry belongs to the most significant economic sectors worldwide and the increasing population of 9 billion in 2050 will cause a growing demand on food. So far, changing lifestyles, especially the global rising consumption of meat and dairy products are increasing environmental damage. Moreover our health and wellbeing are the direct result of healthy or unhealthy nourishment and influence follow-up indicators like individual and public health, the expense of the health sector and work productivity. The material footprint is a tool to measure and optimize the resource consumption of both products and their ingredients and the production processes along the whole value chain. It covers the whole life cycle of the products, from the extraction of raw materials to the processing industry, distribution, consumption, recycling, and disposal. In order to decrease resource consumption to a level in line with the planetary boundaries, the material footprint of household consumption should achieve a level of six to eight tonnes per capita in a year by 2050. This means a reduction in natural resource consumption by a factor of 5 to 10 in Western European countries. In order to ensure a decent lifestyle for all people in 2050, also the material footprint of nutrition has to be reduced significantly by 2050. The paper shows the relevance and role of nutrition in the overall material footprint of households on the basis of existing studies on the overall resource consumption caused by household consumption. Quantified meal and diet examples are given. It also discusses the causes of food waste and raises the question how a reduction of food waste is possible and can help decreasing the resource consumption in the food sector. On the basis of this, requirements are developed nutrition has to meet in 2050 in order to achieve a sustainable level of natural resource use. E.g. by eating 600 kg of food with an average material footprint of 5 kg/kg a food-related resource consumption level of three tonnes per capita in a year could be achieved. The paper discusses options to achieve these requirements as well as dynamics and innovations that are needed from the perspective of production, consumption and politics. It discusses practical implications of a sustainable resource use in nutrition and gives recommendations on how to proceed towards it. Resource efficiency and waste prevention potentials in food chain as well as other requirements for a sustainable level of resource use in nutrition are discussed.
Assessment of Efficiency and Profitability of Listed Banks in Ghana

The Ghanaian banking industry has had both good and bad times as far as profit is concerned. However, the industry remains good, as evidened from the rising number of other banks from the continent to either merge with the indigenous banks or take over the operation of some of the local banks. In this view this; the study assessed the efficiency and profitability of banks operating in Ghana by using listed banks between the years 2006 to 2011. This quantitative study employed panel data approach using regression analysis to assess the efficiency of banks operating on the Ghana Stock Exchange. The dependent variable is profitability, comprises of return on assets and the size of the firm. The independent variable efficiency also comprises leverage ratio, liquidity ratio, credit risk ratio and profitability ratio. The main source of data employed for this research is a secondary data. The study revealed that 60.74 percent of the variation or changes in the profitability of the banks are accounted for by the independent variables such as the liquidity level, leverage, productivity, credit risk and size of the banks. This was revealed by the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) which shows the amount of variation in the dependent variable as being explained by the independent variables
A coupled model of wave-driven erosion for the Palanga Beach, Lithuania

A model of the coastline dynamics along the Palanga Beach, Lithuania is developed through coupling of the GENESIS software with the external wave model RCPWAVE that accounts for the recent bottom topography. Analysis of the calibration and verification results of the coupled model shows that it reproduces the coastline dynamics reasonably well and can serve as an effective tool for coastal management. The largest discrepancies between the observed and modelled behaviour of the coastline occur near the Rąžė River mouth.
Exercise dose and quality of life : Results of a randomized controlled trial

Background—Improved quality of life (QOL) is a purported benefit of exercise despite few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and no dose-response trials. Methods—The effect of 50%, 100%, and 150% of the NIH Consensus Development Panel physical activity dose on QOL was examined in a six-month RCT. Participants were 430 sedentary postmenopausal women (BMI 25.0-43.0 kg/m2) with elevated systolic blood pressure randomized to a non-exercise control group (n=92) or 1 of 3 exercise groups: exercise energy expenditure of 4 (n=147), 8 (n=96), or 12 (n=95) kcal/kg/week. Eight aspects of physical and mental QOL were measured at baseline and month 6 with the SF-36. Results—Change in all mental and physical aspects of QOL, except body pain, was dose-dependent (trend analyses were significant and exercise dose was a significant predictor of QOL change; pvalues<0.05). Change (95% confidence interval) in QOL for the control, 4, 8, and 12 kcal/kg/week groups, respectively, were: physical functioning 2.5 (-0.1-5.1), 4.7 (2.7-6.8), 6.3 (3.7-8.8), 8.2 (5.6-10.7); role physical 2.6 (-2.7-7.9), 8.9 (4.8-13.1), 9.7 (4.5-14.8), 13.1 (7.8-18.3); bodily pain 2.6 (-1.0-6.3), 4.1 (1.3-7.0). 2.4 (-1.1-6.0), 6.8 (3.3-10.4); general health 1.5 (-0.8-3.9), 5.5 (3.6-7.4), 4.7 (2.4-7.1), 7.8 (5.4-10.1); mental health 0.6 (-1.4-2.6), 4.4 (2.8-6.0), 3.6 (1.6-5.5), 4.2 (2.2-6.2); role emotional 4.2 (-0.5-8.9), 8.6 (4.9-12.3), 9.4 (4.8-14.0), 14.6 (9.9-19.2); social functioning -0.4 (-3.3-2.5), 4.5 (2.2-6.8), 5.0 (2.1-7.9), 8.7 (5.9-11.6); vitality 4.6 (1.6-7.6), 9.8 (7.5-12.2), 9.1 (6.1-12.0), 11.7 (8.8-14.7). Controlling for weight change did not attenuate the exercise-QOL association. Conclusion—Exercise-induced QOL improvements were dose-dependent and independent of weight change.
Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography # 08 . 12 Regional Path-Dependence in Start-up Activity

This paper studies the impact of an existing industrial structure in a region on the number of startups in this region. The aim is to detect path-dependencies in the regional industry structure. To this end we study empirically the regional factors that influence start-up rates. The approach deviates from the huge literature on start-up rates by studying each 2-digit industry separately, including the employment in other industries into the analysis and distinguishing between factors that provide founders and factors that influence their likelihood to start a firm.
Treatment of High H2S Concentrations by Chemical Absorption and Biological Oxidation Process

The feasibility of a chemical absorption and a biological oxidation process to remove high H2S concentrations (500–1500 ppm) was evaluated. The experiment included the effects of gas retention time (GRT) and H2S concentration on H2S removal efficiency, Fe3+ oxidation rate, and Fe2+ production rate in the chemical absorption reactor. The effects of carbon source and liquid flow rate on pH value, Fe2+ oxidation rate, Fe3+ production rate, total iron concentration, and growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans CP9 in the biological oxidation reactor were also examined. The optimal operating conditions for the individual process and design guidelines for the serial processes were established. The results of this study indicated that a long GRT could elevate H2S removal efficiency under all operating conditions. However, a high H2S concentration (e.g., 1,500 ppm) resulted in a significant difference. H2S removal efficiency stayed above 99.5% for the first 10 h of reaction, but it then decreased because of the decrea.
Estimation of Phytomass for Ungrazed Crested Wheatgrass Plants Using Allometric Equations

The 8llometric relationship between plant volume and pbytomass 01 crested wheatgrass was studied for the 1981,1983, and 1984 growing seasons in west-central Utah. Basal diameters, canopy diameters, and standing plant beigbts were measured for btdividual plants. Three models of volume (basal elliptical cylinder, canopy elliptical cybnder, and elliptical cone section) were tested as predictors of plant pbytomass usbtg nonlinear regression. Elliptical cone section produced the blgbeat R* and lowest SEE, but requires measurement of canopy diameters which m8y be subject to excessive measurement error. Basal elliptical cylinder produced R* and SEE v8lues nearly comparable to those of the elliptical cone section; moreover, this model does not require measurement of canopy dirmeters, making it the practic81 choice. Nonlinear regressions for plants by sixe class (small, medium and large) were produced using 1983 data. Predictive ability of size class-specific equations was compared to that of tbe equati011 for alI size classes combined. When pbytomass of only small or medium size class plants was predicted, the SEE of s&e class-specific equations was slightly lower than the SEE of the equation for all sixe classes combined. Wben pbytomass of plrnts from all sixe classor was predicted, however, the equation for alI size classes combbted produced the lowest combined SEE for new data (i.e., data not used to generate tbe equation). There were substantial year-to-year differences between equations, which indicates the necessity of producbrg new equations each year.
The Flooding Hydrology of Mackenzie Delta Lakes near Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada

The hydrologic regime of lakes in the Mackenzie Delta is controlled primarily by lake sill elevations and water levels in the Mackenzie River distributary channels. The resulting variations in lake regime have important effects on the water, sediment, and nutrient balance of delta lakes, and therefore on the biologic regime of each lake. Analysis of 12-25 years of Mackenzie River East Channel water levels allowed the documentation of the relationship between flooding regime and sill elevation for lakes in the study area near Inuvik, N.W. T. These data showed that in this portion of the delta, the timing of the spring rise in water levels is very consistent, with peak levels, for example, occurring on 3 June with a standard deviation of only 4 days. The magnitude of the spring flood varies greatly from year to year, and as a result only 67% of lakes in the study area flood annually in the spring, while the remaining lakes have a flood frequency of greater than 1 year and less than 4 years. Since the mean summer flood peak of 2.777 m asl is considerably lower than the mean spring peak of 5.636 m asl, summer lake flooding is not as extensive, with only 20% of lakes receiving floodwater annually during the summer. By late summer, water levels drop to 1.5 m asl annually, cutting off approximately 88% of lakes from the Mackenzie River. These data on the return period of lake flooding allowed the classification system described by Mackay (1963) to be quantified. The no-, low- and high-closure lakes were found to represent 12, 55, and 33% respectively of all lakes in the study area. Variations in the hydrologic regime of the Mackenzie River could occur in the future due to hydro-electric development, climate change, or rising sea level. Even small changes in Mackenzie River levels could result in a significant modification to the hydrologic regime of delta lakes. The effects on the viability of these lakes, or their chemical and nutrient balances, are not well known. Key words: Mackenzie River, Mackenzie Delta, hydrology, lakes
Strategic Management of Agribusiness: Determinants and Trends

Intense changes have arisen in global agriculture, yielding a new market reality that is more complex and competitive than before. To confront these changes, a renewed perspective on the practice of agribusiness management is necessary. However, studies in this critical line of research are scant. This study updated the outlook on the strategic management of agribusiness in Taiwan by conducting in-depth interviews with 10 expert agrientrepreneurs. The results indicated that agribusiness strategies can be categorised as targeting one of three dimensions: the external environment, the internal environment, and sustainable development. This paper discusses each dimension in detail and suggests five broader trends of strategic management.
A 2D simulation study of Langmuir, whistler, and cyclotron maser instabilities induced by an electron ring-beam distribution

We carried out a series of 2D simulations to study the beam instability and cyclotron maser instability (CMI) with the initial condition that a population of tenuous energetic electrons with a ring-beam distribution is present in a magnetized background plasma. In this paper, weakly relativistic cases are discussed with the ring-beam kinetic energy ranging from 25 to 100 keV. The beam component leads to the two-stream or beam instability at an earlier stage, and the beam mode is coupled with Langmuir or whistler mode, leading to excitation of beam-Langmuir or beam-whistler waves. When the beam velocity is large with a strong beam instability, the initial ring-beam distribution is diffused in the parallel direction rapidly. The diffused distribution may still support CMI to amplify the X1 mode (the fundamental X mode). On the contrary, when the beam velocity is small and the beam instability is weak, CMI can amplify the Z1 (the fundamental Z mode) effectively while the O1 (the fundamental O mode) and X2 (the second harmonic X mode) modes are very weak and the X1 mode is not excited. In this report, different cases with various parameters are presented and discussed for a comprehensive understanding of ring-beam instabilities.
Comparison of Shank- and Drip-applied Methyl Bromide Alternatives in Perennial Crop Field Nurseries

Methyl bromide has been used extensively in open-field perennial crop nurseries to ensure the production of plants that are free of soilborne pests and pathogens. California regulations require that nursery stock for farm planting be commercially clean with respect to economically important nematodes. Under the terms of the Montreal Protocol, the use of methyl bromide by developed countries was phased out 1 Jan. 2005. Although the perennial nursery industry in the United States largely continues to use methyl bromide under critical use exemptions and quarantine/preshipment criteria allowed under provisions of the Montreal Protocol, nursery growers need viable alternatives to this fumigant. Two fumigation trials in perennial crop field nurseries with sandy loam and clay loam soils, respectively, were conducted to compare the efficacy of fumigants applied through standard shank-injection equipment or as emulsifiable compounds applied through drip irrigation equipment. In the garden rose (Rosa multiflora) nursery trial, nematodes were detected at planting in the untreated control, no-tarpaulin 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin, and chloropicrin alone several months after treatment. Nematodes included root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) and stunt nematode (Tylenchorhynchus semipenetrans). At harvest 2 years later, root-knot nematode was detected in rose roots from untreated plots and plots treated with untarped 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin, metam sodium, and chloropicrin alone. In the nut tree (Prunus spp.) nursery field trial, shank-injected treatments typically provided better nematode control than the same chemicals applied via the drip lines, although weed control and marketable trees were similar among treatments.
Does the competency attributes of board members’ enhance the monitoring of earning management? Evidence from a developing country

How to cite this paper: Ghazalat, A. N. M. , Islam, Md. A. , Noor, I. B. M. , & Abu Haija, A. A. (2017). Does the competency attributes of board members’ enhance the monitoring of earning management? Evidence from a developing country. Corporate Board: role, duties and composition, 13(1-1),
Cost efficiency and the effect of mergers on the Taiwanese banking industry

This study addresses the cost efficiency, economies of scale and scope of the Taiwanese banking industry, specifically focusing on how bank mergers affect cost efficiency. Adopting stochastic frontier analysis, we employ a translog cost function for efficiency estimation. Composite error terms are used to account for managerial inefficiency and environmental effects. Empirical results suggest that economies of scale and scope exist at small and medium-sized banks. Meanwhile, government-owned or -controlled banks are the most cost efficient. Non-performing loans increase the inefficiency of the banking sector by just under 10 per cent. Further analysis reveals that bank merger activity is positively related to cost efficiency. Mergers can enhance cost efficiency, even though the number of bank employees does not decline. The banks involved in mergers are generally small and were established after the banking sector was deregulated.
Methylation panel as a diagnostic biomarker in Barrett’s oesophagus: a comprehensive biomarker panel in a population-based screening programme?

We congratulate the authors for their excellent paper and contribution to the body of research within diagnostic biomarkers for Barrett’s oesophagus (BO). This work is a promising step towards the development of improved methods of screening for BO and the earlier diagnosis of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC).
The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Quality of Life in the Elite Athletes of Fars Province

Article history: Received 21 November 2013 Received in revised form 24 February 2014 Accepted 27 February 2014 Available online 16 March 2014 Background: Sport and physical activity play a significant role in the general health of people and are considered as a critical element in modern societies that increases quality of life. Objective: The purpose of the present research was to examine the effect of emotional intelligence on quality of life and its dimensions in the elite athletes of Fars Province, Iran. 300 subjects (170 male and 130 female athletes) filled out the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue, Petrides & Furnham, 2002) and WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using multiple regressions. Results: The regression coefficients suggest that emotion perception (β = 0.05), emotion control (β = 0.22), social skills (β = 0.11), and optimism (β = 0.22) can positively predict quality of life environment. Conclusion: the results revealed that emotional intelligence is a good predictor of quality of life and all its aspects including physical health, psychological health, social relationship, and quality of life environment.