Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Initial development of Prochilodus hartii (Pisces: Prochilodontidae) submitted to induced reproduction

Summary The Prochilodontidae prepare for reproduction in captivity, but neither ovulation nor spawning occurs, thus requiring induced reproduction for breeding and restocking. This study analyzed for the first time the embryogenesis and larval ontogeny of P. hartii submitted to induced reproduction by hypophysation with crude common carp pituitary extract. The extrusion of oocytes and sperm was performed manually and fertilization was done using the dry method. After fertilization, the eggs were kept in incubators at 23°C. A stereomicroscope was used to measure egg diameter and to monitor embryo development. Samples of larvae were collected daily for 7 days for histological and biometric analyses. The recently extruded oocytes, non-hydrated, are spherical, grey, and non-adhesive with a diameter of 1480 ± 39 μm and after hydration, have a diameter of 2860 ± 120 μm. The positive response to hypophysation was 100% for females and 80% for males. Spawning occurred 7 h after the third hormonal dosage. The fertilization rate was 77% at 23°C. Blastopore closure occurred at 6 h 45 min and embryonic development was completed 36 h 10 min after fertilization. After 204 h post fertilization (hpf) the larvae reached a standard length of 6.56 ± 0.14 mm with the yolk sac completely resorbed. In P. hartii, the oral cavity opening occurred 132 hpf. The results of this study provide knowledge to better understand induced reproduction, breeding, and management of P. hartii, a species with a high potential for pisciculture, and which is commercially important in the Jequitinhonha River basin.
EMS Providers’ Perceptions of Safety Climate and Adherence to Safe Work Practices

Abstract Background. Occupational injuries are an important source of morbidity for emergency medical services (EMS) providers. Previous work has shown that employee perceptions of an organization's commitment to safety (i.e., safety climate) correlate with adherence to safe practices. Objective. To assess the association between perceived safety climate and compliance with safety procedures in an urban EMS system with >100,000 calls/year. Methods. EMS providers were issued a self-administered survey that included questions on demographics, years of experience, perceived safety climate, and adherence to safety procedures. Safety climate was assessed with a 20-item validated instrument. Adherence to safety procedures was assessed with a nine-item list of safety behaviors. Strict adherence to safety procedures was defined as endorsing “agree” or “strongly agree” on 80% of items. The effect of safety climate on compliance with safe practices was estimated using multiple logistic regression. Results. One hundred ninety-six of 221 providers (89%) completed surveys; 74% were male; the median age was 36–40 years; and the median amount of experience was 8 years. One hundred twenty-seven of 196 respondents (65%) reported strict adherence to safe work practice. Factor analysis confirmed the original six-factor grouping of questions; frequent safety-related feedback/training was significantly associated with safe practices (odds ratio [OR] = 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–4.51). Conclusion. EMS workers perceiving a high degree of perceived safety climate was associated with twofold greater odds of self-reported level of strict adherence to safe work practices. Frequent safety-related feedback/training was the one dimension of safety climate that had the strongest association with adherence to safe workplace behaviors.
Mitochondria-Targeting Drug Oligomycin Blocked P-Glycoprotein Activity and Triggered Apoptosis in Doxorubicin-Resistant HepG2 Cells

Background: Mitochondria are key regulators in apoptosis. This suggests that a mitochondrion can be a target for cancer treatment. To examine the feasibility of this approach, we investigated the effect of oligomycin on the induction of apoptosis in drug-resistant cells. As a mitochondrion-targeting agent, oligomycin inhibits mitochondrial F₀F1-ATPase. Of 37,000 molecules tested against the 60 human cancer cell lines of the National Cancer Institute, oligomycin is among the top 0.1% most cell line selective agents. Methods: Changes in the doxorubicin (Dox) accumulation and mitochondrial potential (Δψm) in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 and its derivative R-HepG2 with Dox resistance were determined by flow cytometry. P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria were analyzed by Western blot. Cytotoxicity was examined by DNA fragmentation and the alamar blue assay. Results: R-HepG2 cells produced Pgp, showed drug resistance and accumulated less Dox when compared to their parent. In both cell lines, oligomycin depolarized Δψm, released cytochrome c and elicited DNA fragmentation. Moreover, oligomycin blocked Pgp activity and accumulated more Dox in R-HepG2. Combined treatment with Dox and oligomycin elicited more cell death. Conclusion: Our results suggest that oligomycin could bypass Dox resistance and trigger apoptosis in R-HepG2 cells.
Surgical staging of endometrial cancer: does the patient benefit?

One decade ago, in part as a response to the then recent publications detailing the inaccuracy of clinical staging and the importance of extrauterine spread, FIGO designated endometrial cancer a surgically staged malignancy [1–4]. The initial FIGO clinical staging of endometrial cancer established 40 years earlier was based solely on operability and evidence of extrauterine spread. In 1961, the clinical staging schema was altered to include the potential adverse effect of cervical involvement and bladder or rectal extension. Ten years later, uterine size and tumor grade were incorporated into the clinical staging system. In 1998, FIGO adopted surgical staging, recognizing the importance of myoinvasion, depth of cervical invasion, site of metastasis, and results of peritoneal cytology. While surgical staging was not intended to predicate treatment, few can disagree that the collection of important pathologic information allows an increased understanding of biologic behavior, assists in the detection of extrauterine disease, potentially facilitates management decisions, and certainly improves communication regarding treatment results of patients within a specific surgical stage. These benefits should be welcome in the management of any malignant disease, particularly in one which has demonstrated a near twofold increase in mortality/incidence ratio during the past decade [5]. The adoption of surgical staging has created clinical anxieties as to who best directs management and has prompted questions as to actual patient benefit and necessary extent of procedure. Some argue that this is a “community” disease process and retroperitoneal evaluation is not the standard or even necessary. The importance or benefit of extensive surgical staging has been championed by a number of authors [6–9], questioned by some [10, 11], and denied by others [12]. In an effort to determine the potential patient benefit derived from surgical staging, a number of simple questions should be addressed.
Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Neonates with Hypoglycaemia and AssociatedRisk Factors: A Follow up Study

Introduction: Neonatal hypoglycemia is a common problem requiring medical attention in newborn and a leading cause of preventable brain damage, physical and mental handicap and early deaths among infants. Objective: To study the prevalence of neuro-developmental abnormalities and risk factors associated with poor outcome. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study on 39 neonates with hypoglycemia who were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from November 2015 to December 2016 and were fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Gestational age at birth, sex, birth weight, age of presentation, duration and severity of hypoglycaemia were noted in all neonates. Neuro-developmental assessment was done on follow up at 3 and 6 months by Denver developmental screening test 2 (DDST 2) method. Results: Out of 39 neonates, the prevalence of abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome according to DDST II method was 71.7% [n=28] at 3 months and 66.6% [n=26] at 6 months. Factors such as early onset, symptoms, longer duration of hypoglycemia, minimum blood glucose level, number of readings <25 mg/dl and maximum glucose infusion rate (GIR) were significantly associated with adverse outcome. Conclusion: Neonatal hypoglycemia is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental handicaps. Mental and psychomotor developmental indices of the children who suffered from hypoglycemia during new-born period are significantly low. Hence, early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia is mandatory to prevent neurological sequelae.
Oxytocin administered during labor and breast-feeding: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Objective: The relationship between labor physiology and the onset of lactation leads to assess the potential correlation between oxytocin administration during labor and duration of breast-feeding. Methods: This study was designed as a retrospective cohort study where patients given synthetic oxytocin during labor induction were considered as the exposed cohort, and patients not given oxytocin formed the non-exposed cohort. Four hundred of the 7465 children born at our maternity during 2006 were randomly selected. Information about breast-feeding was available for 316 of these children. Eventual confounding or adjustment factors were analyzed using stratified and multivariate analysis. Results: Oxytocin was used for delivery of 189 (59.8%) newborns, multiplying the risk of bottle-feeding by 1.451 (95% CI 1.28–1.63). The best-fit regression model of oxytocin use effect on bottle-feeding included sex and gestational age of the newborn. The use of oxytocin also multiplies the risk of breast-feeding withdrawal at 3 months by 2.29 (95% CI 1.41–3.74). This effect is confounded by maternal age, being higher for mothers under 27 years. Conclusion: Oxytocin administration during labor had some impact on both onset and duration of breast-feeding, particularly in mothers under 27 years of age and newborns delivered at term. Clinical Study registered at U.S. NIH, ID: NCT01951040.
Modulation of microRNA associated with ovarian cancer cells by genistein.

PURPOSE Role of microRNAs in malignancies is well established due their regulatory role in cellular differentiation, proliferation and cell cycle control. Our purpose was to determine miRNA profiles of serially established ovarian cancer cell lines and the effect of genistein treatment. METHODS Cell lines (UL-3A, UL-3B) were established from one patient during progression of disease. miRNA profiling was performed in untreated and genistein-treated cells. Estrogen receptors (ER) were studied with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western immunoblotting. In vitro migration and invasion assays were utilized. RESULTS While 108 miRNAs were expressed equally in both cell lines and their genistein-treated counterparts, an additional 53 miRNAs were differentially expressed. Genistein resulted in induction of ERalpha and ERbeta in ovarian cancer cells. A significant reduction in migration and invasion of UL-3A and UL-3B was demonstrated in genistein-treated cells. CONCLUSION Common and unique miRNA profiles were demonstrated between the two cell lines, some of which were altered by genistein.
Patients' Resistance towards Health Information Technology A Perspective of the Dual Factor Model of IT Usage

This paper presents a research model of patients’ resistance towards Health Information Technology (HIT). In particularly it examines patients’ reactions towards a new Patient Portal System (PPS). This work provides an integration of the technology acceptance and resistance to change literatures. The Resistance to Change construct from the User Resistance Model (URM), and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) are bridged using the dual-factor model of technology usage. This model explains the asymmetric effects of use inhibitors such as Resistance to Change on use enablers such as Performance Expectancy and Effort Expectancy. The integrative model is empirically supported using survey data collected from patients of a large public international hospital. Total of 265 valid responses were used for the data analysis. This study highlights the importance of integrating resistance to change with the technology use research especially in healthcare settings that is considered to be under researched. Moreover, it is considered to be one of the first studies in IS that brings in patients’ perspectives of new HIT.
Emerging strategies for treatment of venous thromboembolism

Although considerable progress has been made in the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE), many unanswered questions remain, which are awaiting proper solution. Furthermore, new opportunities are emerging, which have the potential to rapidly change the therapeutic scenario. Selected patients with deep-vein thrombosis can be effectively and safely treated at home with fixed-dose low-molecular-weight heparins. The long-term use of low-molecular-weight heparins is likely to be more effective than and as safe as oral anticoagulants for the secondary prevention of VTE in cancer patients with venous thrombosis. Recent publications have unexpectedly raised a renewed interest on the use of thrombolytic drugs in patients with pulmonary embolism, at least in those who present with heart ventricular dysfunction. The optimal long-term treatment of VTE is still undefined. Finally, new categories of drugs are emerging, which have the potential to replace conventional anticoagulants in the near future. They include anti-Xa inhibitors, such as pentasaccharide, and antithrombin inhibitors, such as ximelagatran.
Raising Utility and Lowering Risk through Adaptive Sustainability: Society and Wealth Inequity in Western Australia

The Index of Sustainable Functionality makes it possible to analyse the sustainability of multiple systems within a domain from various perspectives. To illustrate how changes to wealth distribution since 1980 can impact sustainability of the economy, environment and society, the resource rich state of Western Australia’s sustainable functionality was calculated from different wealth level perspectives. How wealth inequity may affect the stability of major systems including the social, terrestrial, water and mineral industry are discussed as are reasons behind changes in wealth and income distribution over the past 30 years. The ISF results show that from the perspective of society’s richest 20%, poorest 20% and average wealth levels; and from the perspective of the environment, system decline can occur even when the economy reaches full functionality. Suggestions to improve functionality and long-term stability are made, with the major suggestion the introduction of a fund modelled on Norway’s sovereign wealth fund.
ROLE OF IRON AND COPPER IN DIABETICS

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder affecting millions of people every year. Diabetes remains latent and its secondary complications leads to the morality and morbidity. Iron and copper are essential minerals that are required for a variety of molecules to maintain their normal structures and functions and for cells to live, grow, and proliferate. The homeostasis of iron and copper results from a tightly coordinated regulation by different proteins involved in uptake, excretion and intracellular storage/trafficking. Although it is essential, iron can also be toxic once in excess amounts. Through Fenton reaction, iron as a transit mineral can generate various reactive oxygen or nitrogen species; therefore, abnormal metabolism of iron can lead to several chronic pathogenesis. Oxidative stress is one of the major causative factors for diabetes and diabetic complications. Increasing evidence has indicated that iron overload not only increases risks of insulin resistance and diabetes.
The role of surgery in the management of Hodgkin's disease

The marked improvement in the prognosis of patients with Hodgkin's disease has resulted from advances in radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Success with these treatments depends upon accurate knowledge of the extent of the disease. Clinical assessment of the presence of abdominal disease is unreliable. Exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy, multiple lymph node biopsy and liver biopsy will reveal that preoperative assessment of the extent of the disease is inaccurate in 30 per cent of cases. The information obtained prevents relapses from undiagnosed abdominal disease and ensures that inappropriate radiotherapeutic treatment is not given to patients with disseminated disease.
Bringing cyber loafers back on the right track

Purpose – Despite the use in companies of policy and control mechanisms to tackle cyberloafing, these practices are still popular among employees. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that control systems alone are unable to deter cyberloafing because they are eventually perceived as a sort of “ineffectual dog that may bark a lot, but ultimately does not bite. ” Instead, control systems are only expected to deter cyberloafing if employees view them as leading to punitive consequences.Design/methodology/approach – First, given the easy visibility of cyberloafing activities, the paper proposes a design for control systems that not only includes perceptions of organizational control (monitoring), but also perceptions of the supervisor's physical proximity (proximity). Data are collected from university administration and services personnel, whose main working tool is the computer. They all have internet access and individual e‐mail, a stable physical location at work, and a supervisor. Multiple hierarchica.
Differential effects of systemically administered ketamine and lidocaine on dynamic and static hyperalgesia induced by intradermal capsaicin in humans.

We have examined the effect of systemic administration of ketamine and lidocaine on brush-evoked (dynamic) pain and punctate-evoked (static) hyperalgesia induced by capsaicin. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, we studied 12 volunteers in three experiments. Capsaicin 100 micrograms was injected intradermally on the volar forearm followed by an i.v. infusion of ketamine (bolus 0.1 mg kg-1 over 10 min followed by infusion of 7 micrograms kg-1 min-1), lidocaine 5 mg kg-1 or saline for 50 min. Infusion started 15 min after injection of capsaicin. The following were measured: spontaneous pain, pain evoked by punctate and brush stimuli (VAS), and areas of brush-evoked and punctate-evoked hyperalgesia. Ketamine reduced both the area of brush-evoked and punctate-evoked hyperalgesia significantly and it tended to reduce brush-evoked pain. Lidocaine reduced the area of punctate-evoked hyperalgesia significantly. It tended to reduce VAS scores of spontaneous pain but had no effect on evoked pain. The differential effects of ketamine and lidocaine on static and dynamic hyperalgesia suggest that the two types of hyperalgesia are mediated by separate mechanisms and have a distinct pharmacology.
Premature induction of hypertrophy during in vitro chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells correlates with calcification and vascular invasion after ectopic transplantation in SCID mice.

OBJECTIVE Functional suitability and phenotypic stability of ectopic transplants are crucial factors in the clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for articular cartilage repair, and might require a stringent control of chondrogenic differentiation. This study evaluated whether human bone marrow-derived MSCs adopt natural differentiation stages during induction of chondrogenesis in vitro, and whether they can form ectopic stable cartilage that is resistant to vascular invasion and calcification in vivo. METHODS During in vitro chondrogenesis of MSCs, the expression of 44 cartilage-, stem cell-, and bone-related genes and the deposition of aggrecan and types II and X collagen were determined. Similarly treated, expanded articular chondrocytes served as controls. MSC pellets were allowed to differentiate in chondrogenic medium for 3-7 weeks, after which the chondrocytes were implanted subcutaneously into SCID mice; after 4 weeks in vivo, samples were evaluated by histology. RESULTS The 3-stage chondrogenic differentiation cascade initiated in MSCs was primarily characterized by sequential up-regulation of common cartilage genes. Premature induction of hypertrophy-related molecules (type X collagen and matrix metalloproteinase 13) occurred before production of type II collagen and was followed by up-regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity. In contrast, hypertrophy-associated genes were not induced in chondrocyte controls. Whereas control chondrocyte pellets resisted calcification and vascular invasion in vivo, most MSC pellets mineralized, in spite of persisting proteoglycan and type II collagen content. CONCLUSION An unnatural pathway of differentiation to chondrocyte-like cells was induced in MSCs by common in vitro protocols. MSC pellets transplanted to ectopic sites in SCID mice underwent alterations related to endochondral ossification rather than adopting a stable chondrogenic phenotype. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether a more stringent control of MSC differentiation to chondrocytes can be achieved during cartilage repair in a natural joint environment.
Changes of left ventricular mass index among end-stage renal disease patients after renal transplantation.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine left ventricular (LV) mass index via echocardiography in end-stage renal disease patients (ESRD) before and after renal transplantation, and its association with one-year survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-seven patients with ESRD who were candidate for renal transplantation were evaluated with echocardiography before and 4 months after the operation. Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), LV mass, and LV mass index were determined. All of the patients were followed up for 1 year. RESULTS Mean LVEF was 51.6% which increased to 53.7% after renal transplantation (P = .001). Mean LV mass was 209 gr before the operation which decreased to 189 gr after the operation (P = .001). Mean LV mass index before the operation was 120 gr/m2 which decreased to 110 gr/m2 following the operation (P = .002). All of the patients survived during 1-year follow-up, and no death was reported. CONCLUSION Renal transplantation had beneficial effects in terms of LV function in young patients with ESRD.
Efficiency of Stereotactic Conformal Radiotherapy in Lung Metastases with Active Breathing Control

Twenty four patients with lung metastases underwent radiosurgery treatment between October 2010 and December 2012. Stereotactic conformal high-dose radiation therapy with Active Breathing Control (ABC) was conducted using the volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique. The median overall follow-up was 18 months (range 6-24 months), overall survival was 75%, and local control rate was 92%. The median time to progression was 4 months (range 1-18 months). There have been no cases of leucopenia, radiation esophagitis, mediastinitis or severe acute radiation pneumonitis. The late radiation effects Grade 2, according to the LENT SOMA scales, was observed in one patient (4%). The results of this study indicate that the usage of the stereotactic high-dose radiation therapy with ABC is safe and effective in the treatment of lung metastases.