Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circadian Rhythms of Water and Electrolyte Excretion in Manic-Depressive Psychosis

In recent years there has been growing interest in the subject of circadian rhythms of various metabolic processes in manic-depressive psychosis. This has been prompted in part by the cyclic self-limiting course of the condition itself as well as by such characteristic changes in its clinical manifestation over the twenty-four-hour period as mood variation, disturbed sleep pattern with early morning wakening, and impaired appetite, which Pollitt (1965) has attributed to a primary change in hypothalamic function. Alterations in the circadian rhythms of plasma corticosteroids, urinary corticosteroid excretion (Bridges and Jones, 1966; Curtis et al., 1966; Knapp et al., 1967; McClure, 1966), salivary flow and salivary electrolyte excretion (Jenner et al., 1967; Palmai and Blackwell, 1965) have been reported.
A model for predicting invasive weed and grass dynamics. II. Accuracy evaluation2

Abstract The impact of invasive weed management on plant community composition is highly dependent on location-specific factors. Therefore, treatment means from experiments conducted at a given set of locations will not reliably predict community response to weed management elsewhere. We developed a model that rescales treatment means to better match local conditions. The goal of this paper was to determine if this rescaling improves predictions. We used our model to predict leafy spurge stem length density and grass biomass data from field experiments. The experiments consisted of herbicide-treated plots, untreated controls, and, in some cases, grass seeding treatments. When herbicides suppressed leafy spurge, the model explained 21 to 48% more variation in grass response than did mean grass response to the same or similar herbicide treatments applied at other sites. When herbicides killed grass, the model explained 53% more variation in leafy spurge response than did mean leafy spurge response to the same herbicide treatment applied at other sites. We regressed model predictions against observed data and tested the null hypothesis that resulting slope terms were equal to 1.0. Because the null hypothesis was rejected in two of four tests, the model may systematically over- or underpredict in some situations. However, measurement error in the observed data, unintended herbicide injury, or an inaccurate allometric relationship may account for a major proportion of the systematic deviations, and these factors would not cause prediction error in some management applications. Because the model tends to be better than the means from experiments at predicting plant community composition, we conclude that the model could advance managers' ability to predict plant community responses to invasive weed management. Nomenclature: Leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. EPHES.
The development of AIDS-associated Burkitt's/small noncleaved cell lymphoma is preceded by elevated serum levels of interleukin 6.

B cell hyperactivation accompanies HIV infection and is believed to contribute to the increased incidence of B cell lymphoma in persons with AIDS. To examine B cell activation which precedes the development of AIDS-associated lymphoma, we measured levels of two B cell stimulatory molecules, soluble CD23 (sCD23) and interleukin 6 (IL6), in the serum of HIV-infected individuals prior to the diagnosis of lymphoma. Serum sCD23 was elevated in those subjects who developed lymphoma, compared to AIDS, HIV+, and HIV- controls (P = 0.001). Serum IL6 was significantly elevated in subjects who developed Burkitt's/small noncleaved cell lymphoma (BL/SNC, P = 0.01), but not in those subjects who developed large cell, immunoblastic, or central nervous system lymphomas, compared to CD4-matched AIDS controls who did not have lymphoma. These results suggest that lymphomagenesis of the BL/SNC subtype of AIDS lymphoma reflects B cell hyperactivation of a different nature from that which precedes other subtypes of AIDS-associated B cell lymphoma.
Crop Residue Removal and Soil Productivity with No‐Till Corn, Sorghum, and Soybean

Crop residues have been considered during the past decade as alternate energy sources to supplement dwindling fossil fuel sources and enhance energy independence in the United States. Agricultural scientists have demonstrated the importance of crop residues in reducing soil erosion, enhancing the soil physical environment for plant growth, and as a reserve for major crop nutrients. In eastern Nebraska, we evaluated the effects of various amounts of surface crop residues (aboveground dry matter remaining after harvest) on dryland production of no-till corn (Zea mays L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and soybean [Gfycine max (L.) Merrill] over a 3-yr period. Where crop residues were completely removed after harvest, average grain and residue yields of corn and soybean were 22 and 24% lower, respectively, than where residues were not removed. Removal of 50% or addition of 50% (150%) surface crop residues had little or no effect on crop yields compared to no removal (100%). Sorghum yields were unaffected by residue removal, but stands were significantly less at the 150% residue rate. Yield reductions for corn and soybean resulted primarily from decreased soil water storage and excessive surface soil temperatures where residues were completely removed. Sorghum tolerated conditions of temperature and water stress better than other crops. Removal of surface crop residues can seriously reduce corn and soybean yields in climates where stressful conditions occur during the growing season. Considerations for using crop residues as alternate energy sources should include these potential reductions in grain and residue yields, as well as increased nutrient removal and greater potential for soil ero-
Suppression of blood flow autoregulation plateau during nitric oxide blockade in canine kidney.

We examined the autoregulation of renal blood flow (RBF) and renal function in anesthetized dogs during nitro-L-arginine (NLA)-induced blockade of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO). Intrarenal infusion of NLA (50 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) increased systemic arterial pressure (AP) and renal vascular resistance (RVR). RBF decreased by 27 +/- 3%, but glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged. There were reductions in urine flow (24 +/- 5%), urinary sodium excretion (42 +/- 10%), and fractional excretion of sodium (40 +/- 11%). The vasodilatory responses to intrarenal injections of ATP (1, 5, 10 microM) were reversed, whereas such responses to doses (10, 50, 100 ng) of acetylcholine (ACh) were attenuated during NLA infusion. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg iv) treatment further reduced but did not completely abolish ACh-induced vasodilation, suggesting that factor(s) other than EDNO and prostaglandins may also mediate ACh-induced vasodilation in the kidney. Although there was a suppression of the plateau of the AP-RBF relationship with a rightward shift in the slope of the linear portion of the curve during EDNO blockade, the normal autoregulatory pattern remained intact. Similar responses were seen in dogs treated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, MK-422. These data indicate that EDNO contributes to the normally low renal vascular tone by influencing an autoregulation-independent component of RVR. However, the basic capability to adjust RVR (autoregulation-responsive component) in response to changes in AP is essentially autonomous from EDNO activity.
Acceptability for the Use of Postpartum Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices

Intrauterine contraceptive device is a highly effective, long acting, reversible family planning method that is safe for use by most postpartum women. The aim of the study is to evaluate the acceptance of postpartum intrauterine devices among the pregnant women attending zenana hospital. 1500 pregnant women attending the zenana hospital who verbally accepted PPIUCD were recruited and divided into two groups.750 cases in group A included antenatal cases and group B included postpartum cases. Acceptance of the use of IUCD was higher among women with formal education than illiterate which was 62.90% and 37.10% respectively. Verbal acceptance of IUCD was less than expected and actual insertion was even less.
Third-Person Perception and Optimistic Bias Among Urban Minority At-Risk Youth

Recent third-person perception articles suggest that optimistic bias is the mechanism underlying the perceptual bias but fail to empirically test the assumption. A small inverse relationship between third-person perception and optimistic bias was found among the youth surveyed: 51% of the students exhibited third-person perceptions, believing they were less influenced by televised safer-sex messages than were their peers. These students were less optimistic about their chances of becoming HIV infected than their peers; 34% exhibited first-person perceptions, believing they were more influenced by the messages than were peers, and were more optimistic than were their peers concerning HIV infection. Most students (89%) exhibited some degree of optimistic bias regarding their chances of avoiding HIV infection in the future. The findings effectively link the two literatures within a sample neglected by previous studies: urban, minority, at-risk youth. The study advances knowledge of third-person perceptions by suggesting underlying social-psychological mechanisms.
Critical evaluation of p53 as a prognostic marker in ovarian cancer

The tumour suppressor gene encoding p53 has been shown from experimental studies to have a crucial role in how cells respond to DNA damage. p53 has important functions in apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest and DNA repair, largely mediated by its activity on gene transcription. However, despite this wealth of in vitro data, its role in how tumours respond to DNA damage induced by chemotherapeutic drugs remains controversial. In this review, we highlight some of the problems surrounding design and analysis of studies of p53 as a prognostic marker of clinical outcome, using ovarian cancer as an example. We aim to build on the knowledge of the published literature in ovarian cancer to identify criteria for clinical studies that should give a more definitive estimate of the role of p53 in clinical drug resistance. A search of three public databases using keywords combined with Boolean operators identified 64 clinical publications investigating the relationship of p53 to clinical outcome following chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. Although 43% of 215 published analyses from the 64 papers reported a significant correlation between p53 status and a clinical endpoint relevant to chemoresistance, only six analyses fulfil minimum criteria and none of these finds a statistically significant correlation of p53 with chemotherapy-resistance endpoints. The results from published clinical studies suggest a more complex role of p53 mutation in the mechanism of resistance in ovarian cancer than is suggested by in vitro studies.
Genetic Dissection of p23, an Hsp90 Cochaperone, Reveals a Distinct Surface Involved in Estrogen Receptor Signaling*

p23 is an Hsp90-associated protein that regulates signal transduction by the estrogen receptor α (ER); however, the mechanism through which p23 governs ER function remains enigmatic. To obtain a collection of p23 molecules with distinct effects on ER signaling, we screened in yeast a series of random mutations as well as specific sequence alterations based on the p23 crystal structure and further analyzed these mutations for their effect on p23-Hsp90 association in vitro and in vivo. We found that the ability of the p23 mutants to decrease or increase ER signal transduction correlated with their association with Hsp90. We also identified a mutation in the C-terminal tail of p23, which displayed a dominant inhibitory effect on ER transcriptional activation and associates more avidly with Hsp90 relative to the wild type p23. Interestingly, this mutant interacts with Hsp90 in its non-ATP-bound state, whereas the wild type p23 protein interacts exclusively with the ATP-bound form of Hsp90, which may account for its dominant phenotype. In addition, we have uncovered a novel activity of p23 that antagonizes Hsp90 action during times of cell stress. Using molecular modeling and the p23 crystal structure, we found that the p23 mutations affecting ER signaling identified in the screen localized to one face of the molecule, whereas those that had no effect mapped to other parts of the protein. Thus, our structure/function analysis has identified an important regulatory surface on p23 involved in ER signaling and p23 binding to Hsp90.
Effects of Breast Size on Lung Function

Aim: A few previous studies reported contradictory results about the effects of reduction mammaplasty on pulmonary function tests. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of breast size on pulmonary functions in volunteer healthy adult women that, to the best of our knowledge, was not reported before. Method: Ages, body mass indices, and underband and overbust measurements for breast sizes of 100 adult female volunteers without any known lung disease subjects were recorded. Differences between the overbust and underband measurements gave the cup sizes. Four groups were formed according to the cup sizes as: <6.5 cm (cup size A), 6.5 to 13 cm (cup size B), 13-19.5 cm (cup size C), and > 19.5 cm (cup size D). Pulmonary function tests were performed to each subject Result: Pulmonary function tests did not show significant difference between groups. Difference of body mass index was significant between groups. Age, body mass index, and cup size were found in positive correlation with each other. Body mass index was negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second / forced vital capacity. Conclusion: Breast size had no correlation with lung function in healthy volunteer women. Body mass index seems as the main factor affecting the lung function.
Comparison of outcome after infrapopliteal angioplasty and pedal bypass surgery

1 Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius City Clinical Hospital 2 Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu Str. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania E-mail: Dr.ausrine@yahoo.com 1 Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakultetas, Širdies ir kraujagyslių ligų klinika, Vilniaus miesto klinikinė ligoninė 2 Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakultetas, Širdies ir kraujagyslių ligų klinika, Santariškių g. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius El. paštas: Dr.ausrine@yahoo.com
Cognitive Bias of Optimism and its Influence on Psychological Well-Being

An investigation of the cognitive bias observed in optimism and the influence of optimism on psychological well-being was conducted. The cognitive bias was assumed to be related to the repressive style of information processing, represented by the trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Social Desirability scale. Optimism and well-being were measured by the Life Orientation Test and the Social Optimism scale as well as by the Life Satisfaction and Depression scales, respectively. These scales were applied to a sample of 200 individuals. Trait Anxiety and Social Desirability led to a high multiple correlation with the Life Orientation Test (R = .54) and a moderate multiple correlation with the Social Optimism scale (R = .30). Higher correlations were obtained for the expectation of a positive than of a negative future. Both the Life Orientation Test and the Social Optimism scale contributed to the high multiple correlation with psychological well-being (R= .52).
Bacterial Flora of Respiratory Tract in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis, 1950-1971

The bacterial flora of the respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis was observed from 1950 onwards. Serum precipitins against Staph. aureus, H. influenzae, and Ps. aeruginosa were determined in the serum of 102 patients. A trend of change in the bacterial flora was noted; the isolation rate of Staph. aureus fell, whether related to age or severity of disease, while after 1964 there was an increased isolation rate of Ps. aeruginosa in the most severely affected patients. Bacterial precipitins were found in 55 of 102 patients. Generally the presence of these correlated with the radiological changes. Pseudomonas precipitins were found chiefly in patients with generalized changes, while precipitins against staphylococcus and haemophilus occurred more in patients who had either no radiological change or less severe changes. These findings have relevance to the management of patients with cystic fibrosis. It is suggested that factors other than bacterial infection may initiate the lung changes in children with cystic fibrosis.
Eminent Domain versus Government Purchase of Land Given Imperfect Information about Owners' Valuations

Governments employ two basic policies for acquiring land: taking it through exercise of their power of eminent domain; and purchasing it. The social desirability of these two policies is compared in a model in which the government's information about landowners' valuations is imperfect. Under this assumption, the policy of purchase possesses the market test advantage that the government obtains land only if an owner's valuation is low enough that he is willing to sell it. However, the policy suffers from a drawback when the land that the government needs is owned by many parties. In that case, the government's acquisition will fail if any of the owners refuses to sell. Hence, the policy of eminent domain becomes appealing if the number of owners of the land is large. This conclusion holds regardless of whether the land that the government seeks is a parcel at a fixed location or instead may be located anywhere in a region.
Mild cognitive impairment: experience from a memory clinic

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is sometimes a transition between normal aging and dementia. We investigated the occurrence of MCI in a population referred to a memory clinic. The criteria used to diagnose the state were similar to those used by Petersen et al. in many previous publications. A clinical evaluation after approximately 3 years was also performed. In a subsample of 43 subjects, we found that, during 1 year, 37% (136/402) of all investigated subjects were patients with MCI. After a mean follow‐up time of 3 years, 11% (5/43) showed cognitive improvement, while 53% (23/43) were stable and showed no cognitive decline or improvement. Fifteen out of 42 patients (35%) deteriorated and were diagnosed as demented during the same time. We conclude that MCI is a heterogeneous concept and that the outcome at follow‐up is dependent on which population is studied and how MCI has been defined.
Comparative Study of the Total Acidity Determination in Wine by Potentiometric and Volumetric Titration

Summary Total acidity was determined in thirty-seven samples of Croatian red, white and rose wines by potentiometric titration. In order to fi nd the eff ect of the corresponding rate of the automatic titrant added, several procedures were employed. For diff erent rates of titration, the aberrances were found from 0.1 to 0.4 g L –1 for some wines. Th e value of the total acid content in wine determined by the automatic potentiometric titration method was compared to that obtained by the conventional volumetric titration method. Th e ANOVA and cluster analysis (CA) were applied to detect possible resemblance. Th e results of total acidity depended on the methods used. However, a good correlation between the results by these methods was found.
Interpersonal Subtypes of Anxiety Disorder Patients: Relationship to Assessment and Treatment Variables

Abstract We attempted to replicate earlier findings of interpersonal subtypes in patients with anxiety disorder (Psychotherapy. 2011;48:304–310) and examine whether these subtypes are characterized by different types of pathology and respond differently to treatment. Interpersonal problems were measured by the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Cooperation; 2000) in a sample of 31 patients with anxiety disorder. Results demonstrated the existence of 4 interpersonal subtypes. The subtypes did not differ in severity of anxiety and global levels of symptoms at pretreatment or in Reliable Change Index of anxiety symptoms over the course of treatment. However, they were significantly different in terms of overall interpersonal problems (p = 0.004). Regarding treatment variables, half of the patients in the nonassertive cluster discontinued treatment prematurely. The number of psychotherapy sessions attended was significantly different across the 4 clusters (p = 0.04), with socially avoidant patients attending significantly greater number of sessions.
Methane Production from Municipal Solid Waste

Introduction Archaeological investigations of landfills have revealed that biodegradable wastes can be found — virtually intact — 25 years after burial. We know that landfills contain bacteria with the metabolic capability to degrade many of the materials that are common components of municipal refuse. The persistence for decades of degradable materials in the presence of such organisms appears somewhat paradoxical. In this experiment students will explore the factors that influence biodegradation of waste materials in landfills. Although recycling has significantly reduced the amount of landfill space dedicated to paper and other lignocellulosics, paper products are still a significant fraction of the solid waste stream. In this laboratory students will measure the rate and extent of anaerobic degradation of newsprint, Kraft paper, coated paper, and food scraps.
Development of the Immune System in the Cynomolgus Monkey: The Appropriate Model in Human Targeted Toxicology?

Toxicological research for humans requires model animals that are physiologically and/or developmentally closely related to one another. The development of the immune system (IS) in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) was assessed and compared with selected data of humans and mice with the aim of contributing arguments to the discussion of the most appropriate animal model in toxicological research. Details of the developing IS in the cynomolgus monkey from embryonic day 35 to birth are investigated utilizing cluster development (CD) antibodies. Early immunoreactivity with CD 68, CD 117, and HLA-DR antibody is apparent from days 40 and 45 onward. All principal cell lines—T-, B-, and NK-cells—are present on day 100 in both thymus and peripheral organs. We discuss investigations of the cynomolgus monkey IS development with the reported development in humans and mice and stress 4 topics of significant interspecies differences to be considered in the decision for the appropriate animal model in a toxicological study.