Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Umbilical cord blood transplantation induces a durable remission in hepatosplenic gamma‐delta T cell lymphoma with associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

year OS of 18% (95%CI 7–32). Cause of death was disease relapse/progression in 23 cases (77%), while the remaining 7 (23%) died of nonrelapse mortality (NRM). Twenty-nine patients were evaluable for response after SCT, as five died of early NRM. Nineteen patients (66%) achieved CR: 13/19 (68%) relapsed after a median of 3.4 months (range 1.7–18.2) and survived for a further 1.4 months (range 0.4–9); among the six patients in sustained CR, four are alive and two died of NRM after 79 and 55 months. Ten patients (34%) had resistant leukemia after SCT and died in a median of 2.5 months (range, 1.4–6.6). Considering pretransplant characteristics, OS was not predicted by gender, karyotype, age at SCT, time to SCT, number of chemotherapy courses, donor type, stem cell source, or conditioning regimen. There was a significant association between OS and WBC count at SCT (<10,000/ml: 20 months [95%CI 4.6-NA] vs. 10,000/ml: 3.6 months [95%CI 1.9–4.5], P< 0.0001), platelet (PLT) count at SCT (>30,000/ml: 18.8 months [95%CI 3.6NA] vs. 30,000/ml: 3.7 months [95%C 1.9–10], P5 0.05) and PB blasts at SCT (absent: 79 months [95%CI 2.6-NA] vs. present: 4.5 months [95%CI 3.4–8.6], P5 0.03). Stratifying patients according to WBC, PLT, and circulating blasts, we identified four groups with different survival: median OS for patients with 0, 1, 2, or 3 adverse prognostic factors was 79, 10.1, 4.1, and 3.5 months, respectively (P5 0.004) (Fig. 1). Our data confirm that allogeneic SCT can cure a minority of patients with primary refractory AML, and that relapse is the major cause of treatment failure after SCT. In our experience, 3-year OS was lower than that of the MDACC group (18% compared to 39%) but comparable to that reported by the GITMO (10%) [2] and significantly superior to survival after salvage chemotherapy (2–5%) [1,3]. Jabbour et al. found higher WBC, lower PLT, and higher BM blasts percentage at SCT to be associated with superior OS, but did not define any cutoff value [1]. In the setting of unrelated donor transplant for AML primary refractory to various induction strategies (conventional 31 7 or HDACbased regimens), Craddock et al. identified number of chemotherapy courses before SCT (>2) and BM blasts percentage (above a median of 38.5%), along with patient CMV serostatus, as predictive factors for OS [4]. We found that WBC count <10,000/ml, PLT count >30,000/ml and absence of circulating blasts predict superior long-term outcome after SCT. If confirmed in larger studies, this finding may help in designing a simple pre-SCT score to identify AML patients primary refractory to intensive induction chemotherapy that could maximally benefit from the transplant procedure.
Genetic isolation and cryptic variation within the Lycaena xanthoides species group (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

Species exist as biological entities with patterns of discontinuous phenotypic variation. However, the distinctness of taxa is called into question when morphological intermediates exist in areas of sympatry, reflecting either gene flow among variants of a species or hybridization between different species. Studying the partitioning of genetic variation provides a means to discern between the two possibilities. We used genetic and morphometric approaches to investigate the degree of isolation among the three members of the Lycaena xanthoides species group. Lycaena xanthoides, L. editha, and L. dione are predominantly allopatric and have been treated both as three separate species and as a single polytypic species. Using 618 bp of the mitochondrial gene COII, we found little phylogenetic resolution, but significant among‐taxa genetic variance partitioning. Divergence among these taxa has been relatively recent, as evidenced by relatively low pairwise sequence divergence. Also, the existence of two well‐supported clades within L. xanthoides sensu stricto, concordant with the Transverse Ranges of southern California, indicates divergence within this taxon, and a possible cryptic species. Significant morphological differentiation between L. editha and L. xanthoides supports the hypothesis that these taxa represent separate gene pools. Populations occurring in a narrow zone where the two species’ ranges approach are characterized by intermediate morphology, suggesting incomplete morphological divergence or recent hybridization. These findings highlight the utility of genetic data in inferring species boundaries and the identification of cryptic lineages.
Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press COMPARISON OF THE RECRUITMENT AND DISCHARGE PROPERTIES OF MOTOR UNITS IN H U M A N BRACHIAL BICEPS AND A D D U C T O R POLLICIS D U R I N G ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS

Experiments were designed to assess the relative contribution of rate coding and motor unit recruitment to force production in two muscles of different fiber composition and function. Single motor unit action potentials were recorded during steady isometric contraction in biceps brachii, a large proximal limb muscle of mixed fiber composition, and adductor pollicis, a small hand muscle comprised mainly of type I muscle fibers. Action potential spike trains were obtained over the entire force range in each muscle. The results suggest that these two muscles are controlled in different ways. In biceps brachii, recruitment was observed from 0 to 88 ~ maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). In adductor pollicis, no motor unit was observed to be recruited at forces greater than 50 ~ MVC, with the majority of recruitment occurring below 30 ~ MVC. On the average, motor units in adductor pollicis discharged at higher rates, with less regularity, and with a greater frequency of occurrrence of short interspike intervals (intervals _< 20 msec) than those in biceps brachii. Such findings suggest that rate coding plays a more prominent role in force modulation in adductor pollicis, while recruitment plays a more important role throughout the contractile force range in biceps brachii.
Neuroprotective effect of vitamin E supplementation in patients treated with cisplatin chemotherapy.

PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of antioxidant supplementation with vitamin E in patients treated with cisplatin chemotherapy. METHODS Between April 1999 and October 2000, forty-seven patients were randomly assigned to either group one, which received vitamin E supplementation during cisplatin chemotherapy, or to group two, which received cisplatin chemotherapy alone. Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E; 300 mg/d) was administered orally before cisplatin chemotherapy and continued for 3 months after the suspension of treatment. For preclinical studies, nude mice carrying the human melanoma tumor were treated with cisplatin alone or in combination with vitamin E. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients completed six cycles of cisplatin chemotherapy: 13 patients in group one and 14 patients in group two. The incidence of neurotoxicity was significantly lower in group one (30.7%) than it was in group two (85.7%; P <.01). The severity of neurotoxicity, measured with a comprehensive neurotoxicity score based on clinical and neurophysiological parameters, was significantly lower in patients who were supplemented with vitamin E than in patients who were not supplemented with vitamin E (2 v 4.7, P <.01). The results of the preclinical studies showed that when cisplatin was combined with vitamin E, no differences were observed in tumor weight inhibition, tumor growth delay, or life span as compared with treatment with cisplatin alone. CONCLUSION Supplementation of patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy with vitamin E decreases the incidence and severity of peripheral neurotoxicity.
RANK Overexpression in Transgenic Mice with Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Promoter-Controlled RANK Increases Proliferation and Impairs Alveolar Differentiation in the Mammary Epithelia and Disrupts Lumen Formation in Cultured Epithelial Acini

ABSTRACT RANK and RANKL, the key regulators of osteoclast differentiation and activation, also play an important role in the control of proliferation and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells during pregnancy. Here, we show that RANK protein expression is strictly regulated in a spatial and temporal manner during mammary gland development. RANK overexpression under the control of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter in a transgenic mouse model results in increased mammary epithelial cell proliferation during pregnancy, impaired differentiation of lobulo-alveolar structures, decreased expression of the milk proteins β-casein and whey acidic protein, and deficient lactation. We also show that treatment of three-dimensional in vitro cultures of primary mammary cells from MMTV-RANK mice with RANKL results in increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis in the luminal area, resulting in bigger acini with filled lumens. Taken together, these results suggest that signaling through RANK not only promotes proliferation but also inhibits the terminal differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. Moreover, the increased proliferation and survival observed in a three-dimensional culture system suggests a role for aberrant RANK signaling during breast tumorigenesis.
Coping Mechanisms Actually and Hypothetically Used by Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women in Quitting Smoking

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article was to investigate how pregnant and non-pregnant women use various coping techniques when attempting to refrain from smoking. Eighty women with subgroups formed by the variables of pregnant/not pregnant and quitting/not quitting smoking were studied over a 2-week period. The general strategy was to follow smokers who had stated an intention to quit smoking. Smokers, pregnant and non-pregnant, who did not intend to quit were also followed with respect to the coping techniques they would hypothetically be using if they were trying to quit. Pregnant women used coping strategies more often than non-pregnant women. Differences found between pregnant and non-pregnant women were evenly distributed for behavioral and cognitive methods. The goal of becoming a non-smoker, especially during pregnancy, needs to be addressed to include psychological and physical factors. In these efforts, the framework introduced by the study involving a time-related approach could be useful.
Gefitinib in pretreated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): analysis of efficacy and correlation with HER2 and epidermal growth factor receptor expression in locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC.

PURPOSE To evaluate the correlation between HER2 expression and gefitinib (ZD 1839, Iressa; AstraZeneca, London, United Kingdom) efficacy in terms of response rate, time to progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS) time. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with pretreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) received gefitinib at a daily dose of 250 mg until disease progression. Tumor tissue specimens obtained at the time of primary diagnosis were collected to determine HER2/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS From February 2001 to June 2002, 63 consecutive patients were enrolled onto the study. The overall disease control rate was 58.7% (partial response [PR], 15.9%; stable disease [SD], 42.8%), median TTP was 3.3 months, and median OS was 4.1 months. Among the 43 patients in whom EGFR/HER2 status was determined, we observed six PRs (14%) and 18 SDs (42%). Disease control, including PR and SD, was 40% in the 15 patients overexpressing HER2 and 64.3% in the 28 patients not overexpressing HER2 (P =.126). No difference was found between the two groups in terms of TTP (3.5 v 3.7 months, respectively) and OS (5.7 v 6.8 months, respectively). In addition, we did not find any difference in TTP, OS, toxicity, and symptom outcome in the group of patients overexpressing both HER2 and EGFR compared with patients who had no overexpression of HER2 CONCLUSION According to these data, efficacy, toxicity, and symptom outcome in patients with NSCLC treated with gefitinib do not seem to be related to HER2 expression.
The Missing Link: Unifying Risk Taking and Time Discounting

Almost all important decisions in people’s lives entail risky and delayed consequences. Regardless of whether we make choices involving health, wealth, love or education, almost every choice involves costs and benefits that are uncertain and materialize over time. Because risk and delay often arise simultaneously, theories of decision making should be capable of explaining how behavior under risk and over time interacts. There is, in fact, a growing body of evidence indicating important interactions between behaviorally revealed risk tolerance and patience. Risk taking behavior is delay dependent, and time discounting is risk dependent. Here we show that the inherent uncertainty of future events conjointly with people’s proneness to weight probabilities nonlinearly generates a unifying framework for explaining time-dependent risk taking, risk-dependent time discounting, preferences for late resolution of uncertainty, and several other puzzling interaction effects between risk and time.
Intestinal intussusception in adults-our experience and review of the literature

SUMMARY Intestinal intussusception in adults is usually secondary, rather than primary as in infants. It may lead to obstruction and even strangulation with necrosis. To present our experience on this unusual situation and review the relevant bibliography is the aim of this study. A retrospective survey over the past twelve years found seven patients with acute intestinal intussusception (median age of 56 years, range 28 to 75), among 368 cases of operated intestinal obstruction (1.9%). Clinical examination and plain abdominal radiography made the pre-operative diagnosis of obstructive ileus. The intra-operative diagnosis of intussusception included ileo-cecal (n=4), ileo-iliac (n=2) and jejuno-jejunal (n=1) type. Operation was reduction with removal of the causative factor (n=5) and a right colectomy (n=2). The cause was carcinoma of ceacum (n=2), leimyoma of small intestine (n=2), polyp of terminal ileum (n=2, one in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome) and a tube of feeding jejunostomy (n=1). All patients had an uneventful postoperative course. Intestinal intussusception in adults is a rare cause of obstruction induced by various benign or malignant intraluminal lesions. Their nature determines the kind of operation. Key words: intestinal intussusception, invagination, intestinal obstruction, obstructive ileus.
Perception and Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) among undergraduate students in a Nigerian University

Article history: Received on: 28/01/2016 Revised on: 10/03/2016 Accepted on: 07/04/2016 Available online: 28/06/2016 Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the Perception and Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) among the undergraduate Students of Delta State University (DELSU), Abraka. -Nigeria. Methods: Selfadministered questionnaires were distributed randomly to the participants. Result: Out of 450 students that voluntarily participated in the study, 368 (81.78%) had used or were currently using at least one of the various CAM modalities; Family members (282, 37.15%) appeared to be the most common source of information and knowledge about CAM while Herbal medicine (250, 37.71%) was the most commonly used and perceived to be the most effective CAM method, and the most popular ailment effectively treated with CAM was Malaria (142, 34.22%). Pharmacists (98, 45.80%) played a major role in influencing their perceptions towards CAM use and the major reason for CAM use was that CAM is Cheaper (159, 27.09%) than Conventional medicine, however, lack of scientific evidence to support CAM practices (340, 31.66%) was obtained as the most prevailing barrier to CAM use. Conclusion: Majority of undergraduate Students of DELSU used CAM and possessed positive perceptions of Complementary and Alternative medicine. Concerted efforts should therefore be made by members of the healthcare team to ensure the safety of these modalities.
Targeting metastatic prostate cancer with radiolabeled monoclonal antibody J591 to the extracellular domain of prostate specific membrane antigen.

PURPOSE We performed an interim analysis of imaging data collected in 2 phase I radioimmunotherapy trials to determine the ability of monoclonal antibody (mAb) J591 directed to the extracellular domain of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) to target sites of known metastatic prostate cancer accurately. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with progressing hormone independent prostate cancer were entered in 2 phase I dose finding trials with radiolabeled mAb J591. J591 is the first mAb targeting the extracellular domain of PSMA as well as the first de-immunized (humanized) mAb to PSMA to be tested in humans. These trials were primarily designed to assess dose limiting toxicity, maximum tolerated dose, pharmacokinetics and organ dosimetry. Planar gamma camera imaging studies obtained on the first 53 patients were reviewed and compared to sites of metastatic prostate cancer visualized on conventional imaging studies including bone scan, computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging. In 1 trial 29 patients received 111indium-J591 for imaging followed by 90yttrium-J591 for therapy. In the parallel trial 24 patients were treated with 177lutetium-J591, an isotope that can be imaged directly. RESULTS Of 53 patients reviewed 46 (87%) had evidence of metastatic disease on conventional scans. Overall, of the 43 evaluable patients J591 accurately targeted bone and/or soft tissue lesions in 42 (98%). J591 accurately targeted bone lesions in 32 of 34 (94%) and soft tissue lesions in 13 of 18 (72%) evaluable patients. CONCLUSIONS Radiolabeled J591 accurately targets bone and soft tissue metastatic prostate cancer sites, and may be useful for targeting therapeutic and/or diagnostic imaging agents.
The Impact of Shyness on Problematic Internet Use: The Role of Loneliness

ABSTRACT In recent years, research indicated that the problematic effects of Internet use must be examined together with individual differences present in its users with which such effects are contingent. This study examined loneliness in adolescents as a mediator of the relationship between shyness and their generalized problematic Internet use (PIU). A total of 1469 adolescents (48.5% male, 51.5% female) from Grade 8 and Grade 9 classes participated in this study. Using the Social Reticence Scale (SRS), the revised UCLA Loneliness scale and the Generalized Problematic Internet Use scale, initial findings indicated significant correlations among the three variables. Results from the study further revealed that loneliness completely mediated the relationship between shyness and generalized problematic Internet use. Implications for intervention work addressing both loneliness and shyness issues facing adolescents who are problematic users of the Internet were discussed.
Everyday numerical abilities in Alzheimer's disease

Abstract The present study investigated everyday numerical abilities in a group of 21 patients affected by mild to moderate dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT). Though patients did not differ from a control group in standard laboratory tests tapping transcoding, number comparison, simple calculation, and estimation, they showed significant difficulties in numerical tasks embedded in an everyday context, such as handling money, a bus schedule, or a television program. Patients' difficulties were attributed to those multiple cognitive demands which are inherent to real situations as compared to well-structured abstract paper-and-pencil tasks. Overall, the study suggests that the examination of numerical abilities in DAT patients should go beyond abstract paper-and-pencil tasks which can only partially reflect the actual numerical skills in DAT and should therefore include also tasks simulating everyday life situations. Assessment of everyday numerical skills may be crucial in planning adequate support for patients, for example in handling money, but also in designing targeted training programs. (JINS, 2003, 9, 871–878.)
Comparison of Pure-Tone and Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission Screenings in School-Age Children

=2.06; p=. 151)] revealed there was not a statistically significant difference between the rates of identification for the DPOAE and pure-tone screenings. Four hundred and seven (74%) participants had the same outcome on both screening measures, either pass (N=369) or refer (N=38). However, 140 (26%) of the participants were classified as “pass” or “refer” by one of the screening measures, but not both. Although the majority of these children (74%) obtained the same results on both screening measures, a relatively large percentage (26%) had differing results. Therefore, it was unclear whether those children had hearing sensitivity that was of concern, or whether one or both of those screening measures would have indicated a large over-referral rate. The analyses revealed these screening measures are not interchangeable, and the two may offer unique contributions to the identification of individuals who should be referred for further diagnostic testing. Without a follow-up diagnostic test, the exact relationship between the two screening measures could not be determined. Further testing using a complete diagnostic evaluation (i.e., otoscopy, immittance measures, air- and bone-conduction thresholds, and speech recognition thresholds) should be conducted to identify cases that are false positives and false negatives, something a screening measure cannot do.
Nosocomial Diarrhoea in the Elderly Due to Enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens

To diagnose sporadic diarrhoea due to Clostridium perfringens infection, faecal specimens from elderly patients were examined directly for C. perfringens enterotoxin using reverse passive latex agglutination assay, and then cultured for this organism. C. perfringens isolates from those samples were grouped by slide agglutination and by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Fifty of the 60 isolates agglutinated with newly raised antiserum WX2 and 38 shared the same genomic PFGE pattern. Characteristics of the epidemics and experimental data suggest that the diarrhoea was caused by a nosocomial spread of C. perfringens, and not by a food‐borne outbreak.
Control of bilateral teleoperation with time delay considering operator force sending

Force reflection methods are widely used in teleoperation with force sensors on slave manipulator. However, force sensors would impair manipulator structure and may be installed or maintained difficultly on slave site. Additionally, in some tasks operator pays more attention to control the exerted force on environment than to fell the reflection force. Considering these factors, a force sending method is proposed in this paper with force sensors installed only on master manipulator. Adjusted virtual force is provided to operator on master site. Operator force sending and slave manipulator position tracking are achieved without conflict on slave site. Stability analysis is presented based on ISS (input-to-state stability) method and numerical simulations are given to show the effectiveness.