Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Documentation of Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting in Routine Clinical Practice

This study investigated the quality of documentation of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) by comparing incidences collected by a research team with those reported routinely by nursing personnel. A total of 560 patients passing through an interdisciplinary recovery room were included in the study. The overall recorded incidence of PONV over 24 h was 30.7%, which was in agreement with the predicted value of 32% calculated using incidences from published randomized controlled trials. Out of the total number of 86 cases of PONV in the recovery room only 36 (42%) were detected by nursing staff. Similarly, out of the total number of 129 cases of PONV on the ward over 24 h, only 37 (29%) were recognized by nursing staff during routine care. In conclusion, PONV in routine clinical care is likely to be under-reported. To use PONV as a valid quality measure, patients need to be actively asked about nausea and vomiting at frequent intervals in a standardized fashion. A considerable proportion of patients experience PONV after discharge from the recovery room, so the assessment of PONV should cover at least 24 h post-operatively
Relationship characteristics and contraceptive use among dating and cohabiting young adult couples.

CONTEXT Contraceptive decision making occurs in the context of relationships. Although many individual-level characteristics have been linked to youths' contraceptive use, less is known about associations between contraceptive use and relationship-level characteristics. METHODS Data from the 2001-2002 romantic pair subsample of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used to describe characteristics of 322 dating relationships and 406 cohabiting relationships among young adults aged at least 18 years. Logistic regression was employed to assess associations between these characteristics and hormonal or long-acting contraceptive use and condom use. Data from both partners allowed discordance in reports between partners in some measures to be examined. RESULTS Cohabiting couples were less likely than dating couples to have used condoms (19% vs. 37%) and hormonal or long-acting methods (40% vs. 57%) at last sex. In dating relationships, couples reporting discordant levels of intimacy and couples in which neither partner reported a high level of intimacy had greater odds of condom use than couples in which both partners reported high intimacy (odds ratios, 4.5 and 3.3, respectively); mistrust and male problem drinking were negatively associated with condom use (0.3 for each). For cohabiting couples, frequency of sex was negatively associated with condom use and hormonal method use (0.8 for each). CONCLUSIONS At least for dating couples, contraceptive use is linked to multiple dimensions of relationships, particularly measures reflecting relationship quality-both positive and negative.
Cellular senescence in usual type uterine leiomyoma.

Objective: To evaluate the role of senescence in symptomatic patients with multifibroids. Design: A cohort study. Setting: University research laboratory. Patient(s): Eighty-six fibroids collected from 14 patients who underwent myomectomy or hysterectomy. Intervention(s): Senescence-associated b-galactosidase (SA-b-Gal) stain in fresh-frozen tissue; reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); MicroRNA in situ hybridization (MISH); immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Main Outcome Measure(s): Senescence measured by percentage of SA-b-Gal-positive cells; levels of let-7 microRNAs measured by RT-PCR and MISH; expression of p16, Ki-67, HMGA1, and HMGA2 scaled by immunoreactivity. Result(s): About 58% (48 of 82) of tumors showed significant senescent change (SA-b-Gal positive) in >10% of the tumor volume. The overall trend was a higher level of senescence in small fibroids and older-aged women. Senescent fibroids were additionally shown to have, high levels of let-7 c, d, and f-2 and a low Ki-67 index. Conclusion(s): Senescence is a common cellular change in a large proportion of usual type fibroids. Similarly, senescence may explain the variation in growth rates of these tumors, and may prove to be an important molecular and cellular target in prevention of fibroid growth. (Fertil Steril 2010;93:2020–6. 2010 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.)
Acceleration and turbulence in Rayleigh–Taylor mixing

Past decades have significantly advanced our ability to probe turbulent mixing in Rayleigh–Taylor flows, in both experiments and simulations. Yet, our basic understanding remains elusive and requires better basis. For instance, observations do not substantiate the rudimentary dimensional arguments to the same degree of certainty as in classical three-dimensional turbulence. We provide a plausible scenario based on a momentum-driven model. The results presented are specific enough that they can be used to interpret experimental and numerical simulation data.
Nutritional factors in human dispersals

Abstract Nutrition can be defined as the biochemical network by which diet affects expression of genes giving rise to phenotypes that are able to successfully respond to environmental challenges, such as those resulting from dispersal to new habitats. A virtuous circle is generated between genes and diet via optimal nutrition, which provides metabolic support for the development of functions that in turn allow better exploitation of food resources in the new habitat. The present contribution will test this hypothesis by nutritional analysis of three sequential dispersals of Pleistocene hominins, which were accompanied and made successful by a dramatic expansion in brain size and function. Such anatomical/functional changes are likely to be related to specific mutations, but can be maintained across generations by the essential contribution of dietary factors since they are very expensive of both the energy and quality content of the diet. The importance of access to ‘nutritionally dense’ food, essentially meat, marks the forest to savannah transition, while that to a ‘brain-specific diet’, essentially a maritime pattern of food chain, seems distinctive of the inland to coast dispersal and of more recent out of Africa long-distance dispersals.
THE EFFECT OF SLOW WAVE SLEEP AND REM SLEEP ON REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN CATS *

Abstract Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by means of an autoradiographic technique in unanaesthetized, unrestrained cats during wakefulness, slow wave sleep (S‐SW), and rapid eye movement sleep (S‐REM). The electrocorticogram, electro‐oculogram, and electromyogram from the posterior neck muscles were continuously recorded. All operative procedures were completed at least four days prior to the experiment. Arterial blood samples were obtained immediately prior to the regional cerebral blood flow determination and analysed for PCO2, PO2, pH, and haematocrit. There were no significant differences in these parameters among the three groups.
A Three-Tiered Study of Differences in Murine Intrahost Immune Response to Multiple Pneumococcal Strains

We apply a previously developed 4-variable ordinary differential equation model of in-host immune response to pneumococcal pneumonia to study the variability of the immune response of MF1 mice and to explore bacteria-driven differences in disease progression and outcome. In particular, we study the immune response to D39 strain of bacteria missing portions of the pneumolysin protein controlling either the hemolytic activity or complement-activating activity, the response to D39 bacteria deficient in either neuraminidase A or B, and the differences in the response to D39 (serotype 2), 0100993 (serotype 3), and TIGR4 (serotype 4) bacteria. The model accurately reproduces infection kinetics in all cases and provides information about which mechanisms in the immune response have the greatest effect in each case. Results suggest that differences in the ability of bacteria to defeat immune response are primarily due to the ability of the bacteria to elude nonspecific clearance in the lung tissue as well as the ability to create damage to the lung epithelium.
PREVALÊNCIA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS A DOR NAS COSTAS DOS MOTORISTAS E COBRADORES DO TRANSPORTE COLETIVO DA CIDADE DE PELOTAS-RS

Profissionais de transportes urbanos realizam atividades laborais que envolvem grande numero de fatores de risco para acometimentos musculoesqueleticos. Nessa perspectiva, a prevencao a saude desses profissionais e motivo de preocupacao. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever a prevalencia de dor nas costas e fatores associados em motoristas e cobradores de onibus do transporte coletivo de uma cidade no sul do Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 280 motoristas e cobradores de onibus de empresas de transporte coletivo no ano de 2009. O questionario incluiu informacoes sobre variaveis demograficas, comportamental, nutricional, de trabalho e de saude. A prevalencia de dor nas costas entre motoristas e cobradores foi, respectivamente de 59,9% e 55,8% (p>0,05). Idade, trabalhar mais de 6 horas por dia, tempo de desempenho da funcao, nao realizar atividade fisica e que possuir outra atividade profissional, apresentaram associacao com o desfecho. A prevalencia de dor nas costas entre os profissionais estudados e alta. Existe a necessidade de planejamento de programas, que incluam atividade fisica e habitos de vida saudavel, que visem a melhoria das condicoes de saude e de trabalho que atendam as necessidade de saude destes profissionais.
Biodegradable Inorganic Nanovector: Passive versus Active Tumor Targeting in siRNA Transportation.

The biodegradable inorganic nanovector based on a layered double hydroxide (LDH) holds great promise for gene and drug delivery systems. However, in vivo targeted delivery of genes through LDH still remains a key challenge in the development of RNA interference therapeutics. Here, we describe in vivo and in vitro delivery system for Survivin siRNA (siSurvivin) assembled with passive LDH with a particle size of 100 nm or active LDH conjugated with a cancer overexpressing receptor targeting ligand, folic acid (LDHFA), conferring them an ability to target the tumor by either EPR-based clathrin-mediated or folate receptor-mediated endocytosis. When not only transfected into KB cells but also injected into xenograft mice, LDHFA/siSurvivin induced potent gene silencing at mRNA and protein levels in vitro, and consequently achieved a 3.0-fold higher suppression of tumor volume than LDH/siSurvivin in vivo. This anti-tumor effect was attributed to a selectively 1.2-fold higher accumulation of siSurvivin in tumor tissue compared with other organs. Targeting to the tumor with inorganic nanovector can guide and accelerate an evolution of next-generation theranosis system.
Anomaly Detection in Traffic Scenes via Spatial-Aware Motion Reconstruction

Anomaly detection from a driver's perspective when driving is important to autonomous vehicles. As a part of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), it can remind the driver about dangers in a timely manner. Compared with traditional studied scenes such as a university campus and market surveillance videos, it is difficult to detect an abnormal event from a driver's perspective due to camera waggle, abidingly moving background, drastic change of vehicle velocity, etc. To tackle these specific problems, this paper proposes a spatial localization constrained sparse coding approach for anomaly detection in traffic scenes, which first measures the abnormality of motion orientation and magnitude, respectively, and then fuses these two aspects to obtain a robust detection result. The main contributions are threefold, as follows. 1) This work describes the motion orientation and magnitude of the object, respectively, in a new way, which is demonstrated to be better than the traditional motion descriptors. 2) The spatial localization of an object is taken into account considering the sparse reconstruction framework, which utilizes the scene's structural information and outperforms the conventional sparse coding methods. 3) Results of motion orientation and magnitude are adaptively weighted and fused by a Bayesian model, which makes the proposed method more robust and able to handle more kinds of abnormal events. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method are validated by testing on nine difficult video sequences that we captured ourselves. Observed from the experimental results, the proposed method is more effective and efficient than the popular competitors and yields a higher performance.
The influence of unilateral labyrinthectomy on orientation in space.

A simple technique is described for the determination of the visual vertical and horizontal. In order to determine the influence of exclusively vestibular factors on spatial orientation, patients were tested prior and in the days following unilateral therapeutic labyrinthectomy. Unilateral labyrinthectomy in patients operated upon for Meniere's disease or cochleo-saccular degeneration introduces a marked deviation of the visual vertical and horizontal towards the operated side, which varies with the individual but is less pronounced in the group of patients operated upon for cochleosaccular degeneration. The origin, significance, and clinical applications of the phenomenon are discussed.
Inhibition of human natural killer cell reactivity by exogenous adenosine 5'-triphosphate.

The presence of micromolar concentrations (5 to 100 microM) of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) in cytotoxicity assays of human natural killer (NK) cells with K562 targets resulted in marked inhibition of NK activity. NK activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBL) and of purified NK cells (i.e., large granular lymphocytes (LGL] were similarly sensitive to inhibition by ATP. The inhibitory activity was specific to ATP and was not demonstrated with GTP, UTP, CTP, or with other adenosine compounds. This inhibitory activity resulted from an effect of ATP on the effector cells and was not dependent on serum components. ATP did not inhibit binding of the LGL to target cells, and therefore the inhibition by ATP is presumed to be related to some post-recognition metabolic events. Some physiologic role in regulation of NK activity by ATP seems possible, because nonspecific phosphatases (bacterial alkaline phosphatase or human alkaline phosphatase) stimulated NK activity and partially reversed the ATP-induced inhibition of reactivity.
Generating Focused Molecule Libraries for Drug Discovery with Recurrent Neural Networks

In de novo drug design, computational strategies are used to generate novel molecules with good affinity to the desired biological target. In this work, we show that recurrent neural networks can be trained as generative models for molecular structures, similar to statistical language models in natural language processing. We demonstrate that the properties of the generated molecules correlate very well with the properties of the molecules used to train the model. In order to enrich libraries with molecules active toward a given biological target, we propose to fine-tune the model with small sets of molecules, which are known to be active against that target. Against Staphylococcus aureus, the model reproduced 14% of 6051 hold-out test molecules that medicinal chemists designed, whereas against Plasmodium falciparum (Malaria), it reproduced 28% of 1240 test molecules. When coupled with a scoring function, our model can perform the complete de novo drug design cycle to generate large sets of novel molecules for drug discovery.
Reduced Cx43 Expression Triggers Increased Fibrosis Due to Enhanced Fibroblast Activity

Background— Arrhythmogenic ventricular remodeling is hallmarked by both reduced gap junction expression and increased collagen deposition. We hypothesized that reduced connexin43 (Cx43) expression is responsible for enhanced fibrosis in the remodeled heart, resulting in an arrhythmogenic substrate. Therefore, we investigated the effect of normal or reduced Cx43 expression on the formation of fibrosis in a physiological (aging) and pathophysiological (transverse aortic constriction [TAC]) mouse model. Methods and Results— The Cx43fl/fl and Cx43CreER(T)/fl mice were aged 18 to 21 months or, at the age of 3 months, either TAC or sham operated and euthanized after 16 weeks. Epicardial activation mapping of the right and left ventricles was performed on Langendorff perfused hearts. Sustained ventricular arrhythmias were induced in 0 of 11 aged Cx43fl/fl and 10 of 15 Cx43Cre-ER(T)/fl mice (P<0.01). Cx43 expression was reduced by half in aged Cx43CreER(T)/fl compared with aged Cx43fl/fl mice, whereas collagen deposition was significantly increased from 1.1±0.2% to 7.4±1.3%. Aged Cx43CreER(T)/fl mice with arrhythmias had significantly higher levels of fibrosis and conduction heterogeneity than aged Cx43CreER(T)/fl mice without arrhythmias. The TAC operation significantly increased fibrosis in control compared with sham (4.0±1.2% versus 0.4±0.06%), but this increase was significantly higher in Cx43CreER(T)/fl mice (10.8±1.4%). Discoidin domain receptor 2 expression was unchanged, but procollagen peptide I and III expression and collagen type 1&agr;2 mRNA levels were higher in TAC–operated Cx43HZ mice. Conclusions— Reduced cellular coupling results in more excessive collagen deposition during aging or pressure overload in mice due to enhanced fibroblast activity, leading to increased conduction in homogeneity and proarrhythmia.
Measles vaccine: Past, present, and future

Abstract Measles a highly contagious viral disease continues to cause childhood mortality worldwide. Measles outbreaks are increasingly reported in the US and Europe. This resurgence of measles makes it opportune to review the biology of the measles virus, clinical manifestations of infection and the pharmacology of the measles vaccine. Though measles vaccine is highly immunogenic and safe, sustaining high vaccination rates is essential to maintain measles eradication in the US. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Offensive patent portfolio races February 2016 Accepted for publication in Long Range Planning

In a patent portfolio race, firms attempt to assemble a large collection of patents. Traditional explanations for patent portfolio races rest on an assumption of fragmented patent ownership where multiple unknown firms employ defensive strategies to forestall holdup. However, patent portfolio races can be observed when patent ownership is concentrated to the hands of a few firms. To explore patent portfolio races under conditions of concentrated ownership we turn to the newspaper printing machine industry, an industry characterized by a few dominant firms. Using multiple sources – patent analysis, archival data, and interviews – we identify antecedents to a phenomenon we label offensive patent portfolio races. Contrary to received wisdom, we find that patent portfolio races can be offensive, aimed at gaining rather than avoiding loss of competitive advantage. Offensive patent portfolio races hinge on the breakdown of cooperation – triggered by changes in the perceived benefits, effectiveness, and/or costs of patents, partly mediated by the adoption of a gain frame towards increased patenting, and regulated by the potential losses from further increases. We explain the behavior by invoking the folk theorem in game theory and conclude that while triggering offensive patent portfolio races may yield temporary advantages, managers are advised to tread carefully as offensive patent portfolio races may have severe implications for the effectiveness and efficiency of the innovation process.
Open surgery for iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis with temporary arteriovenous fistula remains valuable

Objective We assessed outcomes of open surgical venous thrombectomy with temporary arteriovenous fistula, and the procedure’s effect on health-related quality of life. Method We retrospectively analyzed 48 (26 at long-term) patient medical records. Mortality rates, patency, and risk of post-thrombotic syndrome were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier estimation. The association between risk factors/coagulation disorders and patency/post-thrombotic syndrome along with patient health-related quality of life at long-term was analyzed employing various statistical methods. Results Patient one-year survival rate was 93 ± 4% and primary one-year patency rate was 89 ± 5% (secondary one-year patency rate 97 ± 3%). Freedom from post-thrombotic syndrome after eight years was 80 ± 12% (post-thrombotic syndrome rate 20 ± 12%). Health-related quality of life was impaired vs. normative data in the physical and social subscales, and in the mental component score (p < .05). Conclusions Open surgical venous thrombectomy appears safe compared with literature-reported outcomes in similar patients using alternative approaches. Iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis impairs physical, social, and mental health-related quality of life.
Seventeen Attitudes toward Aging and Their Effects in Behavior

Attitudes have historically been a central focus of social psychological research due to their assumed importance in directing behavior. At its most basic level, an attitude can be defined as an evaluation of a stimulus as reflected in our affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses to it (Fiske & Taylor, 1991). The evaluation of someone or something and our subsequent response may reflect a relatively conscious process as the individual considers information about the attitude object and then decides on a specific response. Alternatively, the linkage between evaluation and behavior may be relatively automatic in nature due to repeated experiences of particular responses being associated with specific attitude objects (Bargh, 1997). The basis of attitudes is also varied, with evaluation reflecting direct or indirect experiences as well as cognitive constructions that may have a basis in reality. Of importance for the present chapter is the fact that attitudes often have a social basis, reflecting one’s past experiences within specific social, cultural, and historical contexts. A further factor of importance for our understanding of the relationship between attitudes and behavior relates to the fundamental nature of attitudes in the processing of information. Research has suggested that almost everything that we encounter has an evaluative component to it (e.g., Bargh et al., 1992). In addition, this evaluation occurs at a relatively early stage of processing with little demand on cognitive resources (e.g., Bargh et al., 1989). This primacy of evaluation and the fact that it may occur with little awareness on the part of the individual suggest a relatively powerful and potentially insidious influence on behavior. In the field of gerontology, research has focused on the extent to which attitudes regarding the aging process can be used to understand the social basis of older adults’ functioning. A traditional approach in the field has been to focus on societal attitudes regarding the aging process, with studies examining affective reactions, beliefs and knowledge, and specific behavioral responses. A common perspective in such studies is that culturally based attitudes about aging