Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wind and tidal influences on larval crab recruitment to an Oregon estuary

We investigated wind and tidal forcings that may facilitate transport of crab megalopae to a northeast Pacific coastal estuary. Daily abundance of crab megalopae was estimated from light trap collections made from March 1998 through December 2001 in Coos Bay, Oregon, USA. The Dun- geness crab Cancer magister dominated the catch; Cancer Group I (C. productus and C. oregonen- sis), Hemigrapsus oregonensis and Pachygrapsus crassipes megalopae were also abundant enough for statistical evaluation. The abundance time series data were analyzed in relation to mean daily wind stress, maximum daily tidal range, and mean daily temperature residuals using cross-correla- tion and cross-Fourier techniques. Variation in wind stress had little relation to variation in crab megalopae abundance. Rather, crab megalopae were found to recruit to the estuary at periods close to the spring-neap tidal frequencies. Increased catches were not coincident with spring tides; most tests indicated that ingress occurred at times ranging from several days after spring tide to near the neap tide, but this varied among species and years. Tidal forcing appears to control crab recruitment to this estuarine system.
The spatial clustering of mid-IR selected star forming galaxies at z ∼1 in the GOODS fields

We present the first spatial clustering measurements of z ~ 1, 24 μm-selected, star forming galaxies in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS). The sample under investigation includes 495 objects in GOODS-South and 811 objects in GOODS-North selected down to flux densities of f_(24) > 20 μJy and z_(AB) < 23.5 mag, for which spectroscopic redshifts are available. The median redshift, IR luminosity and star formation rate (SFR) of the sample are z ~ 0.8, L_(IR) ~ 4.4 × 10^(10) L_☉, and SFR ~ 7.6 M_☉ yr^(−1), respectively. We measure the projected correlation function w(r_p) on scales of r_p = 0.06−10 h^(−1) Mpc, from which we derive a best fit comoving correlation length of r_0 = 4.0 ± 0.4 h^(−1) Mpc and slope of γ = 1.5 ± 0.1 for the whole f_(24) > 20 μJy sample after combining the two fields. We find indications of a larger correlation length for objects of higher luminosity, with Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs, L_(IR) > 10^(11) L_☉) reaching r_0 ~ 5.1 h^(−1) Mpc. This would imply that galaxies with larger SFRs are hosted in progressively more massive halos, reaching minimum halo masses of ~3 × 10^(12) M_☉ for LIRGs.We compare our measurements with the predictions from semi-analytic models based on the Millennium simulation. The variance in the models is used to estimate the errors in our GOODS clustering measurements, which are dominated by cosmic variance. The measurements from the two GOODS fields are found to be consistent within the errors. On scales of the GOODS fields, the real sources appear more strongly clustered than objects in the Millennium-simulation based catalogs, if the selection function is applied consistently. This suggests that star formation at z ~ 0.5−1 is being hosted in more massive halos and denser environments than currently predicted by galaxy formation models. Mid-IR selected sources appear also to be more strongly clustered than optically selected ones at similar redshifts in deep surveys like the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey and the VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey (VVDS), although the significance of this result is ≲3σ when accounting for cosmic variance. We find that LIRGs at z ~ 1 are consistent with being the direct descendants of Lyman Break Galaxies and UV-selected galaxies at z ~ 2−3, both in term of number densities and clustering properties, which would suggest long lasting star-formation activity in galaxies over cosmological timescales. The local descendants of z ~ 0.5−1 star forming galaxies are not luminous IR galaxies but are more likely to be normal, L < L_∗ ellipticals and bright spirals.
Depletion of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury by plant uptake at Mt.Changbai, Northeast China

Abstract. There exists observational evidence that gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) can be readily removed from the atmosphere via chemical oxidation followed by deposition in the polar and sub-polar regions, free troposphere, lower stratosphere, and marine boundary layer under specific environmental conditions. Here we report GEM depletions in a temperate mixed forest at Mt. Changbai, Northeast China. The strong depletions occurred predominantly at night during the leaf-growing season and in the absence of gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) enrichment (GOM
REPRESENTATION OF TWO-DIGIT NUMBERS: THE ROLE OF TASK CHARACTERISTICS

Previous studies found holistic and decomposed processes in the representation of two-digit numbers (e.g. Nuerk, Weger & Willmes, 2001). The present study investigated the influence of task characteristics on such processes. Participants were explicitly instructed to either consider two-digit numbers as a whole or to focus their attention on one of the digits only. Evidence favoring the hybrid model was found only when instructions encouraged treating the digits as two-digit numbers. Otherwise, processing irrelevant digits was dependent on the natural task requirements. The results signify the deep involvement of top-down processes in the representation of two-digit numbers. Moreover, the task-dependent asymmetry of the results challenge the syntactic explanation suggested for the decade-unit asymmetry.
Evolutionary Relationships of Pocket Gophers (Cratogeomys castanops Species Group) of the Mexican Altiplano

Abstract The Southern Coahuila Filter-Barrier (SCFB) effectively subdivides the mammalian fauna of the Mesa del Norte, the northern and most extensive section of the Mexican Altiplano. Pocket gophers of the genus Cratogeomys north and south of this filter-barrier have been informally recognized as 2 distinct species, C. castanops and C. goldmani, respectively. Support for species recognition derives from early morphological comparisons and recent chromosomal and ectoparasite studies. Contradictory conclusions based on the only comprehensive morphometric study have prevented formal recognition of C. goldmani. A morphometric reevaluation based on ratio-transformed data reveals that the previous analysis was unduly biased by size, an ecophenotypically plastic character. When this factor is removed, morphometric variation is fully concordant with chromosomal diploid number and sequence data of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. We provide synonymies and descriptions for C. goldmani apart from C. castanops, and revise the number of subspecies from a total of 26 to 2 subspecies in each species. The SCFB is most effective in its central portion (Desierto Mayrán), and least effective in its western portion (Río Nazas), which should be geographically broadened to include the neighboring Río Aguanaval.
ASSESSMENT OF INTERFERON, PEGINTERFERON, TENOFOVIR, ENTECAVIR, LAMIVUDINE AND ADEFOVIR FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B IN HBEAG-POSITIVE PATIENTS WITHOUT CIRRHOSIS

Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important problem facing healthcare systems. Treatment aims to stop the progression of the disease. In Brazil, treatment for hepatitis B has universal funding from the Unified Health System (Sistema Unico de Saude, SUS). An economic evaluation of the treatment choices for chronic hepatitis B in HBV surface antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients without cirrhosis was performed, as requested by the director of the SUS. Objective: To analyse the cost-effectiveness of the drug treatment regimens for chronic hepatitis B. Methods: A Markov model was developed to estimate the costs and benefits of the different treatment options. The SUS perspective was adopted to estimate the costs, and the benefits were measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The following therapeutic options, which include the drugs that are offered by the SUS for the treatment of hepatitis B, were evaluated: 1) interferon alpha; 2) peginterferon alfa-2a; 3) peginterferon alfa-2b; 4) tenofovir; 5) entecavir; 6) lamivudine; and 7) adefovir. Results: Among the drugs, lamivudine was the most cost-effective strategy (US $462/QALY) followed by tenofovir. Conclusions: Other Markov chain models of antiviral treatments for hepatitis B have indicated that tenofovir is the most cost-effective strategy; however, lamivudine was the most cost-effective therapy in this study. The lack of conclusive data on the efficacy of several drugs that are used to treat chronic hepatitis B is a limiting factor for the development of more robust studies.
Retention of logging debris to reduce deer browsing and promote forest regeneration

One of the most important species in northeastern forest ecosystems is the whitetailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Browsing by these herbivores can influence patterns of forest regeneration following a timber harvest. Logging debris, or “slash”, has the potential to inhibit deer browsing and enhance forest regeneration in a cutover area. At two heavily logged sites in the Arnot Forest, NY, study plots containing experimental seedlings and natural vegetation were created in May 2004 and monitored thru November 2006. Each plot received one of three treatments: open cleared of logging debris; tops – tree tops and debris-covered; or fenced cleared of debris and fenced to exclude deer. Levels of deer browsing in experimental seedlings and natural vegetation, tree seedling growth, and natural vegetation richness, were compared among these treatments. We found significantly higher deer browsing on experimental seedlings (p = .0053) and palatable herbaceous vegetation (p = .0094) in open plots, than tops-covered or fenced plots. Cumulative deer browsing negatively correlated with mean experimental seedling height at the plot level (p = .0296), resulting in higher black cherry (Prunus serotina) seedling growth in protected fenced and tops treatments. Additionally, logging debris was found to benefit common management objectives, such as herb richness and relative abundance of desirable timber tree seedlings. We conclude that logging debris left in place after a forest thinning can effectively inhibit deer browsing and promote forest regeneration. The degree of protection afforded by tree tops was intermediate between unprotected and fenced areas. The minimal effort and cost associated with this technique would make it highly preferable to constructing fences to improve regeneration. As white-tailed deer become increasingly overabundant, alternative options for the sustainable regeneration of forests are necessary; the post-harvest retention of logging debris in situ provides such an alternative.
Long Period (LP) Events on Mt. Etna volcano (Italy): the influence of velocity structures on moment tensor inversion

Since a few decades volcanic Long Period (LP) events have been recorded on many active volcanoes and their study has been recognized as an important tool to characterize volcanic activity. LP event analyses through moment tensor (MT) inversions have led to kinematic descriptions of various source mechanisms. The main challenge in these inversions is to " strip out " the propagation effect in order to isolate the source; hence the velocity model used controls the accuracy of the retrieved source mechanism. We first carry out several synthetic tests of inversions on Mt. Etna volcano (Italy). Four geological models with topography are considered with increasing complexity: the most complex model is used to generate synthetic data, while the other three models are used to calculate the Greens' functions for inversions. The retrieved solutions from the three velocity models are similar. The MT solutions for a deeper source are well retrieved, while a shallower source test suffers from high uncertainties and strong misinterpretation of the source orientation. The homogeneous model gives the lowest misfit value, but source location and mechanism decomposition are inaccurate. When a complex model different from the true one is used, a high misfit value and a wrong solution is obtained. We then incorporate our findings into the MT inversion of an LP event recorded on Mt Etna in 2008. We obtain very different solutions among the three models in terms of source location and mechanism decomposition. The overall shape of the retrieved source time functions are similar, but some amplitude differences arise, especially for the homogeneous model. Our work highlights the importance of including the unconsolidated surface materials in the computation of Green’s functions especially when dealing with shallow sources.
Coaching Behavior and the Development of Social Physique Anxiety

5 Introduction.6 Literature Review.8 Self-Esteem.8 Social Physique Anxiety.10 Eating Disorders.16 Coaching Behaviors.17 Coach Communication.20 Method.23 Participants.23 Materials and Procedures.24 Data Analysis.25 Risks and Benefits.26 Results.27 Discussion.27 References.30
Estimation of heavy metal residues in excreta of spotted owlet (Athene brama) and barn owl (Tyto alba) from agro ecosystems of Punjab

The present study deals with the determination of different metals by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICAP-AES) in the excreta samples of Spotted Owlet and Barn Owl collected from three different locations of Punjab. The results showed the presence of As, B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S and Zn metals in excreta samples. Out of these elements As, B, Cd and Pb are included in the category of non-essential and toxic elements. In excreta of Spotted Owlet, level of As (0.78 – 3.35 ppm) was higher than the normal range. The metal Pb (9.28 – 29.20 ppm) and B (39.43 – 65.40 ppm) were found to be in toxic range in the samples collected from location I and II. In excreta of Barn Owl, level of As (1.99 ppm) was in high range whereas Pb (25.91 ppm) and B (19.20 ppm) were in toxic range. Cd (0.42 – 0.78 ppm) was present within the normal range in samples of both the owl species. Level of other metals like Cr, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Zn was also higher than the normal range. Samples of Spotted Owlet had comparatively high level of heavy metals than the samples
Effect of Different Levels of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Leaf Powder on the Performance and Meat Quality of Japanese Quail

A total of 240 Japanese quail chicks (1 d old) were used in a 42-d trial to study the effects of Artichoke leaf powder and vitamin E on growth performance and meat quality. This experiment was performed as a completely randomized design with 4 replicates of 15 quails in each, using a 4×2 factorial arrangement with diet and gender as the main effects. Four dietary treatments were formulated by addition of 2 levels (1.5 and 3 percent) of Artichoke leaf powder and 300 mg/Kg vitamin E to the basal diet. Results showed that supplementing the basal diet with Artichoke leaf powder and vitamin E significantly affected growth performance at 21 d of age (P). Dietary treatments significantly affected 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) and water holding capacity (WHC) values of breast meat (P). The value of TBARS in breast meat was not affected by dietary levels of Artichoke leaf powder, whereas the value decreased significantly by vitamin E treatment (P). Quails receiving 1.5 percent Artichoke leaf powder and 300 mg/Kg vitamin E had significantly lower breast meat WHC than those receiving the basal diet (P). Breast meat crude fat and WHC were affected by gender (P). Dietary 3 percent Artichoke leaf powder increased the b* values of thigh meat compared with the control. The lightness of thigh and breast meat and also redness of thigh meat were affected by gender (P). In general, the results indicated that supplementation of diet by Artichoke leaf powder did not improve growth performance of quails, but may have a potential to improve the oxidative stability and meat quality.
Developing a Scale to Investigate In-Service Special Education Teacher Efficacy for Serving Students from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds

The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of the scale designed to investigate special education teachers’ perceptions of their culturally responsive teaching (CRT) efficacy for teaching students from culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) backgrounds. The scale includes three components: collective teacher efficacy, CRT self-efficacy, and CRT outcome-efficacy. Data were gathered and performed the following analyses: descriptive analysis, factor analysis, and Person’s r corrections. The results of Cronbach’s alpha for all three scales were considered adequate. The three-factor loading for CTE, the three-factor loading for CRT self-efficacy, and the two-factor loading for CRT outcome-expectancy were found. This newly developed scale of factor-loading findings were not consistent with previous studies because of differences in items, target populations, and focus of the current study. The findings of factor loadings for three scales Increases in special education teachers’ ratings of the school’s ability to provide adequate service for CLD students with disabilities were associated with increases in their perceptions of their ability to provide CRT instruction, and their perceptions about the connection between CRT practices and students’ learning outcomes, although these correlations were low (r = .24, .16, respectively)
Chemical and nutritional evaluation of kernels of bocaiuva, Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd.

Protein characterization and results of proximate composition and mineral analyses of fruit kernels of bocaiuva, Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. , are reported. The kernels presented high contents of oil (51.7%), protein (17.6%) and fiber (15.8%). The seeds´ soluble proteins were isolated according to their solubility. The main separated proteins were globulins (53.5%) and glutelins (40.0%). Moreover, the presence of low molecular mass proteases in these two fractions was shown by the SDS-PAGE method. The assays of protease-inhibitory and hemagglutinating activities showed that bocaiuva´s protein fractions were not resistant to trypsin or chymotrypsin activities and that both had low lectin content. The globulin in vitro digestibility assay resembled a casein standard. Neither globulin nor glutelin enzymatic hydrolyses increased significantly (p < 0.05) after heat treatment. Threonine and lysine are the most limiting amino acids, respectively from two major protein fractions of the bocaiuva kernel, globulin (47.1% amino acid score) and glutelin (49.5% amino acid score), in terms of the theoretical profiles for children in the age range of 2 to 5 years recommended by the FAO/WHO. Bocaiuva kernels are found to be rich in calcium, phosphorus and manganese compared to some fruit nuts such as cashew and coconut.
A Common Misunderstanding about Capitalism and Communism Through the Eyes of Innovation

This paper argues that theories of communism and capitalism should not be considered as opposites or alternatives, but rather systems that satisfy different stages of humanity's technological development. The argument derives from Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and a focus on the role of innovation within systems. Some argue that capitalism focuses on the lower, and communism on the higher, layers of the hierarchy – which lays the basis for their inability to compete in different periods.
Large-herbivore distribution and abundance: intra-and interspecific niche variation in the tropics

Determining the biological and environmental factors that limit the distribution and abundance of organisms is central to our understanding of the niche concept and crucial for predicting how species may respond to large-scale environmental change, such as global warming. However, detailed ecological information for the majority of species has been collected only at a local scale, and insufficient consideration has been given to geographical variation in intraspecific niche requirements. To evaluate the influence of environmental and biological factors on patterns of species distribution and abundance, we conducted a detailed, broadscale study across the tropical savannas of northern Australia on the ecology of three large, sympatric marsupial herbivores (family Macropodidae): the antilopine wallaroo (Macropus antilopinus), common wallaroo (M. robustus), and eastern grey kangaroo (M. giganteus). Using information on species abundance, climate, fire history, habitat, and resource availability, we constructed species' habitat models varying from the level of the complete distribution to smaller regional areas. Multiple factors affected macropod abundance, and the importance of these factors was dependent on the spatial scale of analyses. Fire regimes, water availability, geology, and soil type and climate were most important at the large scale, whereas aspects of habitat structure and interspecific species abundance were important at smaller scales. The distribution and abundance of eastern grey kangaroos and common wallaroos were strongly influenced by climate. Our results suggest that interspecific competition between antilopine wallaroos and eastern grey kangaroos may occur. The antilopine wallaroo and eastern grey kangaroo (grazers) preferred more nutrient-rich soils than the common wallaroo (grazer/browser), which we relate to differences in feeding modes. The abundance of antilopine wallaroos was higher on sites that were burned, whereas the abundance of common wallaroos was higher on unburned sites. Future climate change predicted for Australia has the capacity to seriously affect the abundance and conservation of macropod species in tropical savannas. The results of our models suggest that, in particular, the effects of changing climatic conditions on fire regimes, habitat structure, and water availability may lead to species declines and marked changes in macropod communities.
THE RICH GLOBULAR CLUSTER SYSTEM OF ABELL 1689 AND THE RADIAL DEPENDENCE OF THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER FORMATION EFFICIENCY

We study the rich globular cluster (GC) system in the center of the massive cluster of galaxies Abell 1689 (z = 0.18), one of the most powerful gravitational lenses known. With 28 Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys orbits in the F814W bandpass, we reach a magnitude I814 = 29 with ≳90% completeness and sample the brightest ∼5% of the GC system. Assuming the well-known Gaussian form of the GC luminosity function (GCLF), we estimate a total population of GCs within a projected radius of 400 kpc. As many as half of the GCs may comprise an intracluster component. Even with the sizable uncertainties, which mainly result from the uncertain GCLF parameters, this system is by far the largest GC population studied to date. The specific frequency SN is high, but not uncommon for central galaxies in massive clusters, rising from SN ≈ 5 near the center to ∼12 at large radii. Passive galaxy fading would increase SN by ∼20% at z = 0. We construct the radial mass profiles of the GCs, stars, intracluster gas, and lensing-derived total mass, and we compare the mass fractions as a function of radius. The estimated mass in GCs, = 3.9 × 1010 M☉, is comparable to ∼80% of the total stellar mass of the Milky Way. The shape of the GC mass profile appears intermediate between those of the stellar light and total cluster mass. Despite the extreme nature of this system, the ratios of the GC mass to the baryonic and total masses, and thus the GC formation efficiency, are typical of those in other rich clusters when comparing at the same physical radii. The GC formation efficiency is not constant, but varies with radius, in a manner that appears similar for different clusters; we speculate on the reasons for this similarity in profile.