Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Schistosoma mansoni: comparative development of schistosomules produced by artificial techniques.

number of steps involved by introducing the sporozoite directly into the syringe used for injection and to prevent adherence by suspending the sporozoite in bovine serum albumin were unsuccessful. In addition to the certain introduction of the sporozoite into the lumen of the cecum, initiation of infection must depend upon the viability of the organism and the probability of its coming into contact with a cell suitable for development. Although fresh cultures of oocysts were used, there was no way of knowing whether the individual sporozoites selected were infective (Shirley and Millard, 1976, loc. cit.). Eimeria tenella has been used in genetic studies, because of the availability of lines in which resistance to a number of anticoccidial drugs has been induced experimentally. Such lines, despite ste s involved by introducing the spoi tl into the syringe used for injection e t adherence by suspending the spobeing uncloned, have proved suitable for use as genetic markers in recombination experiments (Jeffers, 1974, Journal of Parasitology 60: 900904; Chapman, 1984, Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde 70: 437-441). Cloning would, however, be advantageous, as indicated by the instability of resistance in some lines (Chapman, 1984, Parasitology 89: 9-16). The results presented here show that clones of E. tenella may be established by inoculating single sporozoites into the cecum. They also suggest that, by a suitable choice of inoculation site, the procedures could be adapted for cloning other species of Eimeria. We would like to thank B. J. Millard for advice and Mrs. M. Shaw, P. Hesketh and B. Fisher for their assistance.
Streaming Music Market and the Chance of Adoption of a New Online Streaming Music Service

The aim of this papers is to research the market of online streaming music services. The online streaming music market is a relatively new rapidly changing market. Companies enter this market in a rapid fashion and new services can become popular in a short time amount of time. This research was carried out to measure the user acceptance of a new service, Apple Music, using the Technology Acceptance Model. We also identified the most popular online streaming music services on the market and the percentage of premium (paying) users and we identified the most important factors of online streaming music services. Our results show that the intention to use Apple Music was low. The results show that Spotify is by far the most popular online streaming music service. The amount of premium users amongst our respondents was very high compared to the normal percentage of paying users on online streaming music services. We were not able to measure the user acceptance of Apple Music as two out of three factors were proven to be insignificant to the intention to use.
From the Society for Vascular Surgery Long-term results of Talent endografts for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Background: Since the introduction of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), long-term follow-up studies reporting single-device results are scarce. In this study, we focus on EVAR repair with the Talent stent graft (Medtronic, Santa Rosa, Calif). Methods: Between July 2000 and December 2007, 365 patients underwent elective EVAR with a Talent device. Patient data were gathered prospectively and evaluated retrospectively. By American Society of Anesthesiologists category, 74% were categories III and IV. Postoperative computed tomography (CT) scanning was performed before discharge, at 3, 12 months, and yearly thereafter. Data are presented according to reporting standards for EVAR. Results: The mean proximal aortic neck diameter was 27 mm (range, 16-36 mm), with a neck length <15 mm in 31% (data available for 193 patients). Deployment of endografts was successful in 361 of 365 patients (99%). Initially, conversion to laparotomy was necessary in four patients. Primary technical success determined by results from computed tomography (CT) scans before discharge was achieved in 333 patients (91%). Proximal type I endoleaks were present in 28 patients (8%) during follow-up, and 14 of these patients needed additional treatment for type I endoleak. The 30-day mortality for the whole Talent group was 1.1% (4 of 365). Follow-up to 84 months is reported for 24 patients. During follow-up, 122 (33%) patients died; in nine, death was abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)-related (including 30-day mortality). Kaplan-Meier estimates revealed primary clinical success rates of 98% at 1 year, 93% at 2 years, 88% at 3 years, 79% at 4 years, 64% at 5 years, 51% at 6 years, and 48% at 7 years. Secondary interventions were performed in 73 of 365 patients (20%). Ten conversions for failed endografts were performed. Life-table yearly risk for AAA-related reintervention was 6%, yearly risk for conversion to open repair was 1.1%, yearly risk for total mortality was 8.9%, and yearly risk for AAA-related mortality was 0.8%. Conclusion: Initially, technical success of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) using the Talent endograft is high, with acceptable yearly risk for AAA-related mortality and conversion. However, a substantial amount of mainly endovascular reinterventions is necessary during long-term follow-up to achieve these results. ( J Vasc Surg 2011;53:293-8.)
Impact of Patient Characteristics and Clinical Factors on the Decision to Initiate Growth Hormone Treatment in Turner Syndrome

Background/Aims: To evaluate factors contributing to the decision to initiate treatment with growth hormone (GH) in patients with Turner syndrome (TS). Methods: Data collected included ethnicity, parents’ education and work status, mid-parental height, age at diagnosis, karyotype, pubertal development, clinical severity score, bone age, height SDS and ages when GH was proposed and initiated. Results: GH was proposed to 59 of 72 patients >6 years (82%), and of these 46 (78%) accepted. Reasons for not proposing GH included late diagnosis, good growth and loss to follow-up. GH-treated and untreated girls differed by age at diagnosis (mean ± SD: 6.8 ± 4.7 vs. 4.3 ± 5.1 years; p = 0.04), TS-specific height SDS (0.08 ± 0.81 vs. 066 ± 0.87; p = 0.01) and spontaneous puberty (5/46 vs. 4/26, p = 0.024). Mean age at which it was suggested to begin GH was 9.2 ± 2.9 years. Reasons for parental refusal of GH were not related to reimbursement issues since GH treatment is covered fully by our insurance plan but included concern with other medical issues, mental health problems and fear of injections or unknown side effects. Conclusion: GH treatment was not acceptable to all patients with TS.
A Plant Peptide Encoded by CLV3 Identified by in Situ MALDI-TOF MS Analysis

The Arabidopsis CLAVATA3 (CLV3) gene encodes a stem cell–specific protein presumed to be a precursor of a secreted peptide hormone. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) applied to in situ Arabidopsis tissues determined the structure of a modified 12–amino acid peptide (MCLV3), which was derived from a conserved motif in the CLV3 sequence. Synthetic MCLV3 induced shoot and root meristem consumption as cells differentiated into other organs, displaying the typical phenotype of transgenic plants overexpressing CLV3. These results suggest that the functional peptide of CLV3 is MCLV3.
Induction of Fibrinogen Expression in the Lung Epithelium during Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia

ABSTRACT Pneumocystis carinii is an important pulmonary pathogen responsible for morbidity and mortality in patients with AIDS. The acute-phase response (APR), the primary mechanism used by the body to restore homeostasis following infection, is characterized by increased levels of circulating fibrinogen (FBG). Although the liver is the primary site of increased FBG synthesis during the APR, we unexpectedly discovered that FBG is synthesized and secreted by lung alveolar epithelial cells in vitro during an inflammatory stimulus. Therefore, we sought to determine whether lung epithelial cells produce FBG in vivo using animal models of P. cariniipneumonia (PCP). Inflammation was noted by an influx of macrophages to P. carinii-infected alveoli. Northern hybridization revealed that γ-FBG mRNA increased two- to fivefold in P. carinii-infected lung tissue, while RNA in situ hybridization demonstrated increased levels of γ-FBG mRNA in the lung epithelium. Immunoelectron microscopy detected lung epithelial cell-specific production of FBG, suggesting induction of a localized inflammatory response resembling the APR. A systemic APR was confirmed by a two- to fivefold upregulation of the levels of hepatic γ-FBG mRNA in animals with PCP, resulting in a corresponding increase in levels of FBG in plasma. Furthermore, immunoelectron microscopy revealed the presence of FBG at the junction of cell membranes of trophic forms of P. carinii organisms aggregated along the alveolar epithelium. These results implicate FBG in the pathogenesis of PCP in a manner similar to that of the adhesive glycoproteins fibronectin and vitronectin, which are known to participate in intra-alveolar aggregation of organisms and adherence ofP. carinii to the lung epithelium.
Multiple intravenous infusions phase 1b: practice and training scan.

BACKGROUND Minimal research has been conducted into the potential patient safety issues related to administering multiple intravenous (IV) infusions to a single patient. Previous research has highlighted that there are a number of related safety risks. In Phase 1a of this study, an analysis of 2 national incident-reporting databases (Institute for Safe Medical Practices Canada and United States Food and Drug Administration MAUDE) found that a high percentage of incidents associated with the administration of multiple IV infusions resulted in patient harm. OBJECTIVES The primary objectives of Phase 1b of this study were to identify safety issues with the potential to cause patient harm stemming from the administration of multiple IV infusions; and to identify how nurses are being educated on key principles required to safely administer multiple IV infusions. DATA SOURCES AND REVIEW METHODS A field study was conducted at 12 hospital clinical units (sites) across Ontario, and telephone interviews were conducted with program coordinators or instructors from both the Ontario baccalaureate nursing degree programs and the Ontario postgraduate Critical Care Nursing Certificate programs. Data were analyzed using Rasmussen's 1997 Risk Management Framework and a Health Care Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. RESULTS Twenty-two primary patient safety issues were identified with the potential to directly cause patient harm. Seventeen of these (critical issues) were categorized into 6 themes. A cause-consequence tree was established to outline all possible contributing factors for each critical issue. Clinical recommendations were identified for immediate distribution to, and implementation by, Ontario hospitals. Future investigation efforts were planned for Phase 2 of the study. LIMITATIONS This exploratory field study identifies the potential for errors, but does not describe the direct observation of such errors, except in a few cases where errors were observed. Not all issues are known in advance, and the frequency of errors is too low to be observed in the time allotted and with the limited sample of observations. CONCLUSIONS The administration of multiple IV infusions to a single patient is a complex task with many potential associated patient safety risks. Improvements to infusion and infusion-related technology, education standards, clinical best practice guidelines, hospital policies, and unit work practices are required to reduce the risk potential. This report makes several recommendations to Ontario hospitals so that they can develop an awareness of the issues highlighted in this report and minimize some of the risks. Further investigation of mitigating strategies is required and will be undertaken in Phase 2 of this research.
Computer simulation of local order in condensed phases of silicon.

A model potential-energy function comprising both two- and three-atom contributions is proposed to describe interactions in solid and liquid forms of Si. Implications of this potential are then explored by molecular-dynamics computer simulation, using 216 atoms with periodic boundary conditions. Starting with the diamond-structure crystal at low temperature, heating causes spontaneous nucleation and melting. The resulting liquid structurally resembles the real Si melt. By carrying out steepest-descent mappings of system configurations onto potential-energy minima, two main conclusions emerge: (1) a temperature-independent inherent structure underlies the liquid phase, just as for ``simple'' liquids with only pair interactions; (2) the Lindemann melting criterion for the crystal apparently can be supplemented by a freezing criterion for the liquid, where both involve critical values of appropriately defined mean displacements from potential minima.
The Management of Respiratory Distress After Cardiothoracic Surgery

Lassen's e-mployment of inter pressure respiration during the Cc myelitis epidemic (Lassen, 1953) 1 in a host of conditions, includin respiratory complications. A nui have reported its value after cardic (Bjork and Engstrom, 1955, 195 Buckley, Van Bergen, and Thiel, Benson, Liu, and Bahnson, 1959), a few of the problems involve describes in detail the manageme: distress after cardiothoracic surgc on a series of 50 cases.
The Effects of Urotensin‐II on Proliferation of Pheochromocytoma Cells and mRNA Expression of Urotensin‐II and Its Receptor in Pheochromocytoma Tissues

Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of urotensin‐II (UII) on the proliferation of pheochromocytoma cells and the mRNA expression of UII and its receptor G protein–coupled receptor 14 (GPR14) in normal adrenal and human pheochromocytoma tissues. The effects on the cell proliferation by different UII concentrations and at different time were observed with the MTT method in both rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12 cell) and human pheochromocytoma cells. The mRNA expression of UII and GPR14 was evaluated by RT‐PCR. UII had no significant effect on the proliferation in PC12 cells, but promoted the proliferation of human pheochromocytoma cells. The mRNA expression of UII and GPR14 in pheochromocytoma was lower than that in normal adrenal tissues. But mRNA expression of UII and GPR14 in adrenal pheochromocytomas was lower than that in extra‐adrenal pheochromocytomas. Thus, UII and its receptor GPR14 exert a possible effect in the pathogenesis of pheochromocytoma.
Abasic Phosphorothioate Oligomers Inhibit HIV-1 Reverse Transcription and Block Virus Transmission across Polarized Ectocervical Organ Cultures

ABSTRACT In the absence of universally available antiretroviral (ARV) drugs or a vaccine against HIV-1, microbicides may offer the most immediate hope for controlling the AIDS pandemic. The most advanced and clinically effective microbicides are based on ARV agents that interfere with the earliest stages of HIV-1 replication. Our objective was to identify and characterize novel ARV-like inhibitors, as well as demonstrate their efficacy at blocking HIV-1 transmission. Abasic phosphorothioate 2′ deoxyribose backbone (PDB) oligomers were evaluated in a variety of mechanistic assays and for their ability to inhibit HIV-1 infection and virus transmission through primary human cervical mucosa. Cellular and biochemical assays were used to elucidate the antiviral mechanisms of action of PDB oligomers against both lab-adapted and primary CCR5- and CXCR4-utilizing HIV-1 strains, including a multidrug-resistant isolate. A polarized cervical organ culture was used to test the ability of PDB compounds to block HIV-1 transmission to primary immune cell populations across ectocervical tissue. The antiviral activity and mechanisms of action of PDB-based compounds were dependent on oligomer size, with smaller molecules preventing reverse transcription and larger oligomers blocking viral entry. Importantly, irrespective of molecular size, PDBs potently inhibited virus infection and transmission within genital tissue samples. Furthermore, the PDB inhibitors exhibited excellent toxicity and stability profiles and were found to be safe for vaginal application in vivo. These results, coupled with the previously reported intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties of PDBs, support further investigations in the development of PDB-based topical microbicides for preventing the global spread of HIV-1.
Health Literacy Research: Isn’t There Something Better We Could Be Doing?

The number of health literacy articles published each year in scientific journals has increased considerably in recent years. However, the content of those articles continues to focus on the same issues: developing instruments to assess health literacy skills, measuring the health literacy skills of patients, and measuring the reading level of patient education materials. We need to change the focus of health literacy research by studying which approaches to dealing with health literacy result in the best outcomes for patients—making them healthier, having fewer complications, and reducing their health care costs. There is a paucity of high-quality research on such issues, but that is the direction in which the field needs to go.
The Critical Role of Group Studies in Neuropsychology: Comprehension Regularities in Broca's Aphasia

We reexamine the empirical record of the comprehension abilities of Broca's aphasic patients. We establish clear, commonly accepted, selection criteria and obtain a pool of results. We then subject these results to a detailed statistical analysis and show that these patients comprehend certain canonical sentences (actives, subject relatives, and clefts with agentive predicates) at above-chance levels, whereas comprehension of sentences that contain deviations from canonicity (passives, object-gap relatives, and clefts) is distinct and is at chance. That the latter is the case, and patients indeed guess at such structures, we show by comparing the distribution of individual results in passive comprehension to that of a model for such guessing-an analogous series of tosses of an unbiased coin. The two distributions are virtually identical. We conclude that the group's performance is stable, and well-delineated, despite intersubject variation whose source is now identified. This means that certain comprehension tests may not always be used for the diagnosis of individual patients, but they do characterize the group. It also means that group studies are not just a valid option in neuropsychology; they are a must, since demonstrations like ours indiciate very clearly that single-case studies may be misleading. As we show, the findings from any one patient, without the context of a group, may give a distorted picture of the pathological reality. Our conclusions thus promote studies of groups of brain-damaged patients as a central tool for the investigation of brain/behavior relations.
Predation by Orius insidiosus (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) on Life Stages and Species of Frankliniella Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Pepper Flowers

Abstract We compared predation of Orius insidiosus (Say) on adult and second instars of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and on adults of F. occidentalis and F. tritici (Fitch) in arenas with pepper flowers. Also, we compared the dispersal of these thrips in the presence and absence of the predator. For each experiment, two densities of thrips (10 and 20 total thrips) and two time exposures (10 and 34 h) were tested. Second instars were more likely to move from the flower where they were released than were F. occidentalis adults. F. tritici dispersed more than F. occidentalis. The presence of the predator enhanced movement by thrips from flowers in which they were released. Despite differences in prey movement, O. insidiosus successfully preyed on all types of prey that were offered. However, O. insidiosus appeared to deal differently with each type of prey. Predation of both larvae and adults was most likely to occur inside flowers. In trials with adults and second instars of F. occidentalis, larvae were significantly more vulnerable to predation than were adults. F. tritici, the more active species, may have been vulnerable to predation because of higher rates of encounter with the predator; however, O. insidiosus may have had greater attack success against the less active F. occidentalis. The ability of O. insidiosus to prey successfully on different life stages and species of thrips in complex environments indicates that it is an efficient predator of thrips and an important biological control agent.
Adult Attachment Styles Associated with Brain Activity in Response to Infant Faces in Nulliparous Women: An Event-Related Potentials Study

Adult attachment style is a key for understanding emotion regulation and feelings of security in human interactions as well as for the construction of the caregiving system. The caregiving system is a group of representations about affiliative behaviors, which is guided by the caregiver’s sensitivity and empathy, and is mature in young adulthood. Appropriate perception and interpretation of infant emotions is a crucial component of the formation of a secure attachment relationship between infant and caregiver. As attachment styles influence the ways in which people perceive emotional information, we examined how different attachment styles associated with brain response to the perception of infant facial expressions in nulliparous females with secure, anxious, and avoidant attachment styles. The event-related potentials of 65 nulliparous females were assessed during a facial recognition task with joy, neutral, and crying infant faces. The results showed that anxiously attached females exhibited larger N170 amplitudes than those with avoidant attachment in response to all infant faces. Regarding the P300 component, securely attached females showed larger amplitudes to all infant faces in comparison with avoidantly attached females. Moreover, anxiously attached females exhibited greater amplitudes than avoidantly attached females to only crying infant faces. In conclusion, the current results provide evidence that attachment style differences are associated with brain responses to the perception of infant faces. Furthermore, these findings further separate the psychological mechanisms underlying the caregiving behavior of those with anxious and avoidant attachment from secure attachment.
Evaluation of Epidemiology and Immunogenetics of IDDM in Spanish- and Portuguese-Heritage Registries: A Key to Understanding the Etiology of IDDM?

There appears to be extraordinary international variation in the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), the reasons for which are not known. By evaluating the incidence of IDDM in Spanish- and Portuguese-heritage populations, important insight into reasons for the major worldwide differences in IDDM risk may be gained. The limited data that are available for Hispanic populations suggest that there is at least a 10-fold difference in risk between individuals of Hispanic ancestry in Colorado and Mexicans in Mexico City. Standard methods for assessing IDDM incidence are needed to further elucidate the patterns of risk among populations of Iberian heritage. Therefore, we propose that comparable IDDM registries be established in the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking world. Once registries are established, further investigation of the characteristics of IDDM among various populations (including seasonal distributions, sex differences, age at onset, and changing trends over time) may help explain the large international incidence differences among not only Spanish- and Portuguese-heritage populations but also among all children.