Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance Mutations and Subtypes in Drug-Naive, Infected Individuals in the Army Health Service of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ABSTRACT The prevalence of mutations that confer resistance to antiretroviral drugs was examined in 56 drug-naive, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals from the Army Health Service in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. No primary protease inhibitor mutations were found, but secondary mutations were observed in 51.2% of the samples. Fourteen percent of the viruses had reverse transcriptase inhibitor-associated mutations. Comparative analysis of protease secondary mutations from four different time periods in drug-naive patients in the city of Rio de Janeiro has indicated constant rates for particular mutations. Changes in CD4 cell counts and HIV viral load over time in subtype B- and non-B-infected drug-naive patients were not significantly different.
Whiplash Injury and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Differential Effects onCognitive Functioning?

With regard to whiplash injury (WI) patients, some studies documented mild attention problems and a reduced speed of information processing. Most patients showed problems with sustained and/or divided attention. However, some patients had also problems with focused and alternating attention. Regarding memory, some studies detected mild (auditory-verbal and/or visuospatial) memory difficulties. Visuospatial and executive functions appeared mostly preserved. In mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) patients, mild impairments in speed of information processing, (sustained, divided, focused and/or alternating) attention and (auditory-verbal and/or visuospatial) memory have been found. Furthermore, mild deficits could also be seen on tests measuring executive functions whereas visuospatial functioning seemed to be preserved. Until today, only two studies were devoted to evaluate possible differences in cognitive functioning between WI and MTBI patients. In these studies, both patient groups did not differ significantly with regard to measurements of attention, memory, and visuospatial and executive functions. Therefore, these authors conclude that MTBI patients do not perform more poorly on cognitive tests than WI patients, as might be expected from severity of trauma.
Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor is Retrogradely Transported by a Distinct Population of Adult Rat Sensory Neurons: C‐o‐localization with trkA and other Neurochemical Markers

Sciatic sensory afferents that retrogradely transport and accumulate leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) within their soma were characterized in the adult rat in vivo. Twenty‐four percent of neurons within the L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia accumulated biotinylated LIF following intraneural injection of the cytokine into the sciatic nerve. Labelled cell bodies were predominantly of small diameter (20.1 ± 2 0.5 μm). Retrograde transport was eliminated by excess unlabelled LIF but not by the related cytokines, ciliary‐derived neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). Double labelling revealed that the majority (81%) of LIF‐accumulating neurons were immunopositive for CGRP and 34% were immunopositive for the cell surface glycoconjugate IB4. Sixty‐two percent of LIF‐accumulating neurons were immunopositive for trkA. Our results demonstrate a group of small‐diameter sensory neurons that retrogradely transport LIF, comprising cells that constitutively express neuropeptides and those likely to be peptide‐deficient. LIF‐accumulating neurons expressing trkA are also potentially responsive to nerve growth factor. It is likely that the LIF‐accumulating neurons described in this study are nociceptive in function.
Road to the American Heart Association 2020 Impact Goals: The Metric for Monitoring Progress.

In 2010, the Goals and Metric Committee of the Strategic Planning Task Force of the American Heart Association (AHA) developed the 2020 Impact Goals for the organization.1 The 2020 Impact Goal was to improve the cardiovascular health (CVH) of all Americans by 20% and reduce deaths from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and stroke by 20% by the year 2020.1 The Committee introduced a 7-item semiquantitative metric/concept of CVH and recommended its use for monitoring the changing prevalence of CVH status and defining achievement of the 2020 Impact Goals. See Article by Hwang et al Ideal CVH was defined by the presence of both ideal health behaviors (nonsmoking, body mass index <25 kg/m2, physical activity at goal levels, and pursuit of a diet consistent with current guideline recommendations) and ideal health factors (untreated total cholesterol <200 mg/dL, untreated blood pressure <120/80 mm Hg, and fasting blood glucose <100 mg/dL). 1 Several studies have shown associations between this semiquantitative metric of CVH and cardiovascular outcomes or mortality.2–4 However, there are limited data showing that a change in this semiquantitative measure is associated with an appropriate change in cardiovascular outcomes, especially in low-risk populations. Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathophysiology of most clinical cardiovascular outcomes.5 Atherosclerotic plaques can be calcified or noncalcified. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is a quantitative measure of calcified atherosclerotic plaque burden and has the strongest association and predictive value for future clinical cardiovascular outcomes and mortality among all measures of subclinical atherosclerosis.6,7 Thus, using CAC as an …
Traditional healing, the body and mind in psychotherapy

There is a growing trend in the West to seek alternative, complementary and traditional healing not only as a reaction to Western biomedicine but also to the mindset of “talking heads” in psychotherapy. Traditional healing aims to restore harmony and balance within the individual through a symbiosis of the body, mind and spirit. Through this process traditional healing offers a holistic conceptualization of wellness and wellbeing, both within the individual, and between the individual and his or her environment. Comparative studies on alternative healing practices indicate that many patients/clients often see a mental health professional and a traditional healer concurrently. This paper considers the use of traditional healing alongside Western counselling psychology as a process of dual interventions for clients who engage traditional healing practices alongside psychotherapy.
Vitamin D Insufficiency in Preadolescent African-American Children

To determine the proportion of vitamin D insufficiency in 6- to 10-year-old preadolescent African-American children residing in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and to estimate their therapeutic response to vitamin D 400 IU/day for 1-month, an open-label pre- and post-comparison of vitamin D status following vitamin D 400 IU daily for 1 month during winter and early spring was conducted. Outcomes included serum calcium, phosphorus, albumin, 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D], 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1, 25 (OH) 2 D], parathyroid hormone (PTH), and markers of bone turnover (serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and urine n-telopeptide crosslinked collagen type 1 [NTX]). Dietary intake of vitamin D was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Forty-one of the 42 enrolled subjects (mean age: 8.9 ± 1.2 yrs [SD]) were analyzed, and 20/41 (49%) were vitamin D insufficient. Vitamin D insufficient group had a suggestive trend of being older (9.2 ± 1.0 years vs. 8.5 ± 1.3 years, p = 0.06) and more pubertally advanced (Tanner II: 7/20 vs. Tanner II: 1/21, p = 0.02). Mean dietary intake of vitamin D was 277 (146 IU/day (n = 41). Adequate intake for vitamin D (200 IU/day) was not met in 16/41 (39%); however, the dietary intake of vitamin D was not significantly different between the vitamin D insufficient and vitamin D sufficient groups.
ß‐adrenergic receptor agonists delay while antagonists accelerate epithelial wound healing: Evidence of an endogenous adrenergic network within the corneal epithelium

Wound healing is a complex and well‐orchestrated biological process. Corneal epithelial cells (CECs) must respond quickly to trauma to rapidly restore barrier function and protect the eye from noxious agents. They express a high level of ß2‐adrenergic receptors but their function is unknown. Here, we report the novel finding that they form part of a regulatory network in the corneal epithelium, capable of modulating corneal epithelial wound repair. ß‐adrenergic receptor agonists delay CEC migration via a protein phosphatase 2A‐mediated mechanism and decrease both electric field‐directed migration and corneal wound healing. Conversely, ß‐adrenergic receptor antagonists accelerate CEC migration, enhance electric field‐mediated directional migration, and promote corneal wound repair. We demonstrate that CECs express key enzymes required for epinephrine (ß‐adrenergic receptor agonist) synthesis in the cytoplasm and can detect epinephrine in cell extracts. We propose that the mechanism for the pro‐motogenic effect of the ß‐adrenergic antagonist is blockade of the ß2‐adrenergic receptor preventing autocrine catecholamine binding. Further investigation of this network will improve our understanding of one of the most frequently prescribed class of drugs. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 261–272, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Congenital hypothyroidism of dogs and cats: A review

Abstract Congenital hypothyroidism is a rare and underdiagnosed congenital endocrine disorder in dogs and cats and the true incidence is unknown. The disorder may cause a range of clinical signs depending on the primary defect, which affect production of thyroid hormones; some cases present when adult. Hallmark clinical signs of congenital hypothyroidism are mental impairment and skeletal developmental abnormalities, resulting in disproportionate dwarfism; goitre may or may not be present. Documented causes of congenital hypothyroidism in dogs include deficiency of, or unresponsiveness to, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid dysgenesis, dyshormonogenesis and iodine deficiency. In cats, TSH unresponsiveness, thyroid dysgenesis, dyshormonogenesis and iodine deficiency have been confirmed. Adequate replacement therapy results in a successful outcome in the majority of cases, especially when started early in life, as permanent developmental abnormalities can be prevented. This review describes reported cases in dogs and cats, diagnostic investigation, and recommendations for treatment.
Nuclear, nucleolar repair, or turnover of dna in adult rat brain

Labeled thymidine administered to adult rats is incorporated at a low level into brain DNA as shown by biochemical and autoradiographic methods. This incorporation takes place in part into neuronal nuclei and nucleoli and also into glial nuclei. While incorporation into glial nuclei is interpreted to represent known glial cell proliferation, incorporation into neuronal nucleoli may be related to nucleolar DNA synthesis, which in turn is responsible for the regulation of nucleolar RNA synthesis. It could also be due to DNA repair synthesis. Assuming this latter phenomenon, our results suggest that nucleolar DNA is more sensitive than chromosomal DNA to ionizing radiations and other factors.
A Method for Obtaining Psychophysical Estimates of Movement Costs

Although researchers generally accept the proposition that movement costs are taken into account in the planning of voluntary movements, there is no established psychophysical method for estimating such costs. The authors tested and introduce a possible method. Participants were given every possible pair of tasks from a set of tasks that varied along one or more dimensions. In each trial, they indicated which task was easier to perform. The authors used participants' probability of preferring any given task over others to estimate the judged relative cost (JRC) of that task, and they used the JRCs of all the tasks to quantify the relation between task preference and task properties. The method was applied in 3 experiments in which university students (Experiment 1, N = 20; Experiment 2, N = 40; Experiment 3, N = 20) chose which spatial target to move to in carrying an object from one position to another. The data were consistent with the hypothesis that the JRC of moving an object increases with the degree to which the object must be translated and rotated. The simplicity of the method encourages its application to a wide range of questions about motor behavior.
Implementation of Expedited Partner Therapy Among Women With Chlamydia Infection at an Urban Family Planning Clinic

Background: Reinfection with chlamydia is common and expedited partner therapy (EPT) decreases reinfection in clinical trials. Many clinical practices have adopted EPT as the principal treatment strategy for male partners. Little is known about its application and effectiveness in a community setting. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all female patients with chlamydia between 2004 and 2005 at a university-based family planning clinic. We abstracted demographic and clinical information from charts, including partner treatment strategy. We collected data on reinfection at 3 months and 1 year using a computerized database of laboratory results within the medical system. Results: During 2004 to 2005, 499 women tested positive for chlamydia. Of the 466 women treated, EPT was given to 323 women (69.3%). No baseline characteristics were associated with EPT provision. Only 40% of women returned for a retest within 3 months. Reinfection at 3 months was 4.8%. Patients who received EPT were as likely to be reinfected than those who did not receive EPT (odds ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.2–13.7). Conclusions: Although EPT was not associated with decreased reinfection, it remains an option for partner treatment. This study highlights the ongoing need to address compliance with retesting within 3 months.
A regional interdependence model of musculoskeletal dysfunction: research, mechanisms, and clinical implications

Abstract The term ‘regional interdependence’ or RI has recently been introduced into the vernacular of physical therapy and rehabilitation literature as a clinical model of musculoskeletal assessment and intervention. The underlying premise of this model is that seemingly unrelated impairments in remote anatomical regions of the body may contribute to and be associated with a patient’s primary report of symptoms. The clinical implication of this premise is that interventions directed at one region of the body will often have effects at remote and seeming unrelated areas. The formalized concept of RI is relatively new and was originally derived in an inductive manner from a variety of earlier publications and clinical observations. However, recent literature has provided additional support to the concept. The primary purpose of this article will be to further refine the operational definition for the concept of RI, examine supporting literature, discuss possible clinically relevant mechanisms, and conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings on clinical practice and research.
Strength and permeability of the granular pavement materials treated with Polyacrylamide based additive

additives, polymers have shown an efficient performance in the field and improved sustainability. Polyacrylamide (PAM) is one such additive that has demonstrated many advantages including a reduction in permeability, an increase in durability and the provision of strength characteristics. However, information about its effect on the improved geotechnical characteristics is very limited to the field performance monitoring. Therefore, a laboratory investigation was carried out to examine the basic and engineering behaviors of three types of soils treated with a PAM additive. The results showed an increase in dry density and unconfined compressive strength for all the soils. The results further demonstrated an increase in unsoaked CBR and a reduction in permeability for all stabilized samples.
Diabetes Impairs Endothelial Progenitor Cell–Mediated Blood Vessel Formation in Response to Hypoxia

Background: Diabetics suffer from vascular dysfunction with increased risks of coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disease secondary to an impaired ability to respond to tissue ischemia. Because endothelial progenitor cells are known to home to sites of ischemia and participate in new blood vessel growth, the authors examined the effects of diabetes on human endothelial progenitor cell function and peripheral tissue signaling in hypoxia, and determined whether these cells might be a useful cell-based therapy for diabetic vascular complications. Methods: Circulating human endothelial progenitor cells from type 2 diabetic patients and controls were isolated and subjected to in vitro adhesion, migration, and proliferation assays (n = 5). Cell mobilization and recruitment were studied in vivo in diabetic and nondiabetic environments (n = 6). Exogenous human diabetic and normal cells were analyzed for therapeutic efficacy in a murine ischemia model (n = 6). Results: Adhesion, migration, and proliferation of human diabetic endothelial progenitor cells in response to hypoxia was significantly reduced compared with controls. In diabetic mice, cell mobilization from the bone marrow and recruitment into ischemic tissue was significantly reduced compared with controls. Normal cells injected systemically as replacement therapy in a diabetic mouse increased but did not normalize ischemic tissue survival. Conclusions: These findings suggest that diabetes causes defects in both the endothelial progenitor cell and peripheral tissue responses to hypoxia. These changes in endothelial progenitor cell function and signaling offer a novel explanation for the poor clinical outcome of type 2 diabetics following ischemic events. Based on these findings, it is unlikely that endothelial progenitor cell–based cellular therapies will be able to prevent diabetic complications.
The importance of folic acid and unidentified members of the vitamin B complex in the nutrition of certain insects.

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Dose contribution from metabolized organically bound tritium after acute tritiated water intakes in humans.

Urine samples from eight male radiation workers who had an unplanned acute tritiated water intake were measured for tritium-in-urine up to 300 d post-exposure. During the first month or so post-exposure, these individuals increased their fluid intakes to accelerate the turnover rate of tritium in the body for dose mitigation. Their daily fluid intakes reverted to normal levels in the latter period of the study. A non-linear regressional analysis of the tritium-in-urine data showed that the average biological half-life of tritium in body water, with standard deviation, was 6.3 +/- 1.0 d (range, 5.0-8.1 d) and 8.4 +/- 2.0 d (range, 6.2-12.8 d) during the respective periods of increased fluid intake and the later period of normal fluid intake. A longer term component of tritium excretion was also observed with average biological half-life of 74 +/- 18 d (range, 58-104 d), indicating the incorporation of tritium, and its retention, in the organic fractions of the body. A mathematical model was developed and used to estimate the dose increase from the metabolized organically bound tritium on the basis of the kinetics of tritium-in-urine. The model accounts for a change in the rates of urinary excretion caused by variable fluid intakes. The average dose to the body, for the eight male workers, due to the metabolized organically bound tritium was estimated to be 6.2 +/- 1.3% (range, 3.5% to 8.9%) of the committed effective dose due to tritium in the body water. This value for the dose increase from organically bound tritium is in the range of the current recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, i.e., organically bound tritium incorporated into the body contributes about 10% of the dose to the body water following tritiated water intakes.
Assessing Data Completeness of VGI through an Automated Matching Procedure for Linear Data

New, free and fast growing spatial data sources have appeared online, based on Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). OpenStreetMap (OSM) is one of the most representative projects of this trend. Its increasing popularity and density makes the study of its data quality an imperative. A common approach is to compare OSM with a reference dataset. In such cases, data matching is necessary for the comparison to be meaningful, and is usually performed manually at the data preparation stage. This article proposes an automated feature‐based matching method specifically designed for VGI, based on a multi‐stage approach that combines geometric and attribute constraints. It is applied to the OSM dataset using the official data from Ordnance Survey as the reference dataset. The results are then used to evaluate data completeness of OSM in several case studies in the UK.
A pilot study of functional access to public buildings and facilities for persons with impairments

Purpose: To compare functional access to public buildings and facilities for persons with and without impairments. Method: This is a cross-sectional pilot study with a survey design. A four-member participant team representing three impairment types: mobility impaired person using a wheelchair, mobility impaired person who was not a wheelchair user, visually impaired person, and a control with no known impairments, challenged a stratified random sample of 30 public buildings in Greater Boston. Using a task oriented data collection instrument, functional access was determined in terms of percentage of tasks performed, time, distance, barriers and facilitators. Results: Overall, task performance was high for the team. However, the wheelchair user reported a lower task performance (81%) in comparison to the control (100%) and persons with mobility and visual impairments (97 – 98%). There was little variation in mean values for time and distance to complete tasks. More barriers were reported by the persons with mobility impairments, wheelchair user and non-wheelchair user, and; highest facilitators by the person with visual impairment and the wheelchair user. The control reported the lowest barriers and facilitators. The types of barriers and facilitators varied for the three impairments and the control – structural for wheelchair and mobility impairments, wayfinding for visual impairment and interpersonal for control. Conclusions: Task performance by itself may not be a good predictor of functional access. Barriers and facilitators are critical to understanding issues related to functional access for persons with impairments. Knowledge of how these differ for different impairments can be useful for improving environmental access and rehabilitation.