Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION LINES OF Si ii IN QUASARS—INVESTIGATING THE “Si ii DISASTER”

The observed line intensity ratios of the Si ii λ1263 and λ1307 multiplets to that of Si ii λ1814 in the broad-line region (BLR) of quasars are both an order of magnitude larger than the theoretical values. This was first pointed out by Baldwin et al., who termed it the “Si ii disaster,” and it has remained unresolved. We investigate the problem in the light of newly published atomic data for Si ii. Specifically, we perform BLR calculations using several different atomic data sets within the CLOUDY modeling code under optically thick quasar cloud conditions. In addition, we test for selective pumping by the source photons or intrinsic galactic reddening as possible causes for the discrepancy, and we also consider blending with other species. However, we find that none of the options investigated resolve the Si ii disaster, with the potential exception of microturbulent velocity broadening and line blending. We find that a larger microturbulent velocity ( ) may solve the Si ii disaster through continuum pumping and other effects. The CLOUDY models indicate strong blending of the Si ii λ1307 multiplet with emission lines of O i, although the predicted degree of blending is incompatible with the observed λ1263/λ1307 intensity ratios. Clearly, more work is required on the quasar modeling of not just the Si ii lines but also nearby transitions (in particular those of O i) to fully investigate whether blending may be responsible for the Si ii disaster.
Optimal PMU-Communication Link Placement for Smart Grid Wide-Area Measurement Systems

Due to the relatively high costs of phasor measurement units (PMUs), the optimal PMU placement problem of minimizing the number of PMUs for full system observability has long been a popular research topic. However, PMUs alone will not make a system observable. An appropriate communication network that transmits all PMU data to the phasor data concentrator plays a key role. This paper proposes the optimal PMU-communication link placement (OPLP) problem that investigates the placement of PMU and communication links (CLs) for full observability in a power system. In addition to the location of PMUs and CLs, to ensure the reliable and timely transmission of PMU data, the communication capacity needed on every CL is captured by the OPLP problem. We carry out numerical studies on the IEEE 30-bus, 57-bus, 118-bus, and 300-bus systems for the proposed models. The results reveal that, when compared to the traditional optimal PMU placement model, OPLP can reduce the total installation cost significantly.
Detailed examination of the lower cervical spine facet joints in a road traffic crash fatality - a case study

The lower cervical spine facet joints of a road traffic crash fatality were examined using diagnostic imaging and histological techniques. No injuries to the cervical spine facet joints could be identified with diagnostic imaging conventional radiology, CT and MRI. Examination of stained histological sections visualised the morphology and integrity of the facet joints in detail. Occult injuries to and in close proximity to the cervical spine facet joints were identified only on histological examination. Thiscase study emphasises the need for development of more sensitive diagnostic methods in clinical settings where symptomatology may be present despite negative diagnostic imaging. For the covering abstract see ITRD E134311
Long - Term Effects of Rapid Maxillary Expansion on Upper Airway Structures

Maxillary expansion is the routine treatment modality for treating patients with transverse maxillary deficiency [1]. It is also proposed to treat paediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is characterized by narrowing or obstruction of upper airways. The two terms rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and rapid palatal expansion (RPE) are often confused and used interchangeably. However, they are technically referred to two different treatments. RME is referred to expansion of the entire maxilla surgically, thus, RPE is expanding the palate only using a toothor tooth-tissueborne palatal expander [2]. The distribution forces that generated by RPE indeed do extend to the entire maxilla and the contributory effect on the suture at sites distant from the palate, therefore all expansion treatments will be referred to as RME in this study.
Asteroseismic measurement of surface-to-core rotation in a main-sequence A star, KIC 11145123

We have discovered rotationally split core g-mode triplets and surface p-mode triplets and quintuplets in a terminal age main-sequence A star, KIC 11145123, that shows both δ Sct pmode pulsations and γ Dor g-mode pulsations. This gives the first robust determination of the rotation of the deep core and surface of a main-sequence star, essentially model independently. We find its rotation to be nearly uniform with a period near 100 d, but we show with high confidence that the surface rotates slightly faster than the core. A strong angular momentum transfer mechanism must be operating to produce the nearly rigid rotation, and a mechanism other than viscosity must be operating to produce a more rapidly rotating surface than core. Our asteroseismic result, along with previous asteroseismic constraints on internal rotation in some B stars, and measurements of internal rotation in some subgiant, giant and white dwarf stars, has made angular momentum transport in stars throughout their lifetimes an observational science.
The Impact of College Education on Old-Age Mortality: A Study of Marginal Treatment Effects

Using a newly constructed dataset that links 2000 U.S. Census long-form records to Social Security Administration data files, I evaluate the effect of college education on mortality. In an OLS regression, women and men who have at least some college education have 20% lower mortality rates than those with a high school degree or less. I proceed with an empirical design intended to illuminate the extent to which this relationship is causal, estimating marginal treatment effects (MTEs) using the proximity of the nearest college to individuals' birthplace as an instrument. Results indicate positive selection into college education (in terms of longevity) for both women and men. Selection drives almost all of the mortality gap for women. For men, longevity gains from college attendance are concentrated among individuals with unobserved variables that make them unlikely attend college. This suggests that men who would benefit most from receiving college education in terms of mortality reductions are those who are not attending.
Characterization of the Martian Convective Boundary Layer

The authors have carried out an extensive characterization of the Martian mixed layer formed under convective conditions. The values of the mixed layer height, convective velocity scale, convective temperature scale, mean temperature standard deviation, mean horizontal and vertical velocity standard deviations, and mean turbulent viscous dissipation rate have been obtained during the strongest convective hours for the mixed layer. In addition, the existing database of the surface layer has been improved by recalculating some parameters (e.g., Monin–Obukhov length, friction velocity, or scale temperature) that had already been obtained in previous papers by other means and also by calculating new ones, such as the standard deviation of the vertical wind speed velocity, the turbulent viscous dissipation rate, and eddy transfer coefficients for momentum and heat. The Earth counterparts of all these magnitudes are also shown. In this paper, a comprehensive database concerning the whole convective planetary boundary layer on Mars is displayed, and a detailed terrestrial comparison is established. The inputs of this work are hourly in situ temperature, hourly in situ horizontal wind speed, and hourly simulated ground temperature for specific selected Sols of the Viking and Pathfinder landers. These data correspond to typical low and midlatitude northern summertime conditions, with weak prevailing winds. To handle this set of data, surface layer and mixed layer similarity theory have been used at the strongest convective hours. In addition, the inclusion of a parameterization of a molecular sublayer and prescribed values of the surface roughness has been considered.
Isorhamnetin protects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition

The present study aimed to determine whether isorhamnetin (Isor), a natural antioxidant polyphenol, has antifibrotic effects in a murine model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. A C57 mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis was established by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of bleomycin (3.5 U/kg), and then Isor (10 and 30 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically. The level of fibrosis was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius red staining. α-smooth muscle actin and type I collagen levels in lung tissues were determined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and related signaling pathways were examined by western blotting and IHC. In vitro, human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and A549 cells were treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)β1 with or without Isor, and collagen deposition and the expression levels of EMT- and ERS-related genes or proteins were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. The results demonstrated that Isor inhibited bleomycin-induced collagen deposition, reduced type I collagen and α-SMA expression, and alleviated EMT and ERS in vivo. Furthermore, incubation of HBECs and A549 cells with TGFβ1 activated EMT and ERS, and this effect was reversed by Isor. In conclusion, Isor treatment attenuated bleomycin-induced EMT and pulmonary fibrosis and suppressed bleomycin-induced ERS and the activation of PERK signaling.
A multivariate study of over-indebtedness' causes and consequences

This paper proposes a comprehensive explanatory model to explain both causes and consequences of over-indebtedness. It presents as causes some borrower aspects, such as propensity to indebtedness and low financial literacy. Other causes are borrower circumstances: adverse external shocks, borrower internal problems and financial institutions' pressure. The model incorporates consequences on the borrower, the lender and the society. The model has been tested with a survey filled in by experts and over-indebted individuals. Results have been analyzed using multivariate techniques, including canonical correlations. There are differences in the opinions of experts and individuals: the latter blame external shocks or financial institutions' pressure, while the former find relevant factors the financial illiteracy or the tendency to imitate others. Experts and individuals agree on the consequences: poverty growth in the society and declining borrower's welfare. The paper concludes with the need to improve financial literacy, especially in the risks involved in over-indebtedness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
FRACTION OF X-RAYS INCIDENT ON A PHANTOM FROM THE MEASURED ENERGY SPECTRA

The scattering fraction of X-rays incident on a polymethil–methacrylate/aluminum phantom have been calculated from the measured spectra of the primary and scattered radiation in different directions. Constant potential X-ray equipment has been utilized to produce beams with a maximum energy in the range 40-90 keV. The energy spectra have been measured by means of an Amptek XR-100CR system with a silicon PIN photodiode detector. The raw spectra have been corrected for the dependence of the detector efficiency on the photon energy, and utilized to determine the ambient dose equivalent (ADE) due to the primary beams and to the radiation scattered at the angles 30o, 90o and 150o with the incident beam direction. The spectra have been calibrated in kerma units by means of the data obtained simultaneously with an ionization chamber. For the determination of the ADE, the kerma spectra (grays) was converted to sievert units through the energy dependent factors published in the ICRU 57 report. Scattering fractions were determined as the ratio of these two ADE values, according to the 453 Brazilian Health Ministry Rule. Results show that the obtained angular dependence of the scattering fractions follows the same behavior of previous measurements recently published.
Colorless and Transparent high – Temperature-Resistant Polymer Optical Films – Current Status and Potential Applications in Optoelectronic Fabrications

Recent research and development of colorless and transparent high-temperature-resistant polymer optical films (CHTPFs) have been reviewed. CHTPF films possess the merits of both common polymer optical film and aromatic high-temperature-resistant polymer films and thus have been widely investigated as components for microelectronic and optoelectronic fabrications. The current paper reviews the latest research and development for CHTPF films, including their synthesis chemistry, manufacturing process, and engineering applications. Especially, this review focuses on the applications of CHTPF films as flexible substrates for optoelectrical devices, such as flexible active matrix organic light-emitting display devices (AMOLEDs), flexible printing circuit boards (FPCBs), and flexible solar cells.
Probe of the Band Structure of MBE Grown p-Type InMnAs at Ultrahigh Magnetic Fields

We present a theoretical and experimental study on electronic and magneto-optical properties of p-type paramagnetic InMnAs dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS) alloys in ultrahigh (> 100 T) external magnetic fields (B). Theoretical calculations are based on an 8-band Pidgeon–Brown model which is generalized to include the wavevector dependence of the electronic states along B as well as s–d and p–d exchange interactions with localized Mnd-electrons. The spin-dependent electronic structure as a function of Mn doping is computed and the dependence of the valence band structure on parameters such as the sp–d exchange interaction strength and effective masses in paramagnetic p-InMnAs alloys are examined. The cyclotron resonance (CR) and magneto-optical properties of InMnAs are calculated using Fermi's golden rule. Two strong CR peaks are observed in p-type InMnAs alloys which correspond to the transitions within either heavy-hole (HH) or light-hole (LH) Landau levels. Furthermore, we also observed strong resonance absorption for electron-active polarization which can occur in p-type semiconductors originating from transitions between the light and heavy hole Landau levels.
Multiplex PCR with confronting two-pair primers for Se genotyping

Multiplex PCR with confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP) for Se genotyping classified into Se, se1 (G428A), se2 (A385T), and se5 (fusion gene) alleles has been developed. Genotyping was performed using the electrophoretic patterns of the PCR products. The incidences of the Se, se1, se2 and se5 alleles were 55.75% (223/400), 0% (0/400), 39.75% (159/400) and 4.5% (18/400) in Japanese subjects, respectively. We were not able to find the se1 non-functional alleles among our Japanese samples. Se genotyping may be a useful marker for ethnic discrimination of biological stains obtained from Japanese, Caucasian, African and Iranian individuals. This method is simple, rapid and accurate. D 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effectiveness of Training Manual on Disaster Management in Terms of Knowledge and Self-Expressed Practices among Secondary School Teachers in Selected Schools of Pune City

The disasters have increased substantially during last two decades. There is urgent need to adopt multidimensional and multi sectorial approach to reduce loss of lives and properties. Aims: A quasi experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of training manual on Disaster Management in terms of knowledge and self-expressed practices among secondary school teachers in selected schools of Pune city. Material and Methods: Interventional approach was used in this study. One group pretest post test research design was used for the study. A pretest was administered by means of structured questionnaire and then training manual was administered. A post test was conducted using the same structured questionnaire. Simple random sampling technique was used and 540 secondary school teachers from 30 secondary schools were selected for the study. Semi Structured questionnaire was developed to assess the effectiveness of the training manual on disaster management. Results: The result revealed that the overall pretest mean knowledge score regarding disaster management observed to be 15.9 i.e. 53% and posttest mean score found to be 24.07 (80%) this findings also tested by paired ‘t’ test the calculated value was greater than table value at 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance which was highly significant. Pretest self-expressed practice score observed was 7.05 i.e. 47%. And post test score was 11.93 (69%). Conclusions: Every school and community must take it seriously and strive continually to achieve highest safety in schools. Every school is unique by virtue of its teachers, students, location and culture. Teacher’s role is very important in mitigating the hazards and disasters in schools. The teacher who is aware of disasters and its management can improve the practices successfully. The study concluded that training manual was very effective in capability building among school teachers in Pune city
Relationship between Remittance and Credit Disbursement of the Banking Sector: A Study from Bangladesh

The paper investigates the relationships of remittance with credit disbursement of the banking sector in Bangladesh. The major portion of the remittance in Bangladesh is transferred through different banks as official channel. Besides, remittance recipient families transfer a portion of the remittance in the deposit accounts of different commercial banks. This two-way process helps to increase the liquidity position of the bank that enables them to increase the credit disbursement position of the banks. Moreover, the use of this loan by the business entrepreneurs indirectly helps economic development of Bangladesh. This study uses time series econometric techniques with monthly data spanning from 1976 to 2012 to explore the relationships between the remittances and the credit disbursements of the banks. The findings of the study clearly show that remittances assist to enhance the amount of credit disbursements of the banking sector in Bangladesh. The normalized co-integrating coefficients are found statistically significant and show a stable and positive relationship between the variables under this study. Finally, Granger causality analysis suggests the existence of bidirectional causality between remittances and credit disbursements. Journal of Business and Management Studies Vol.1(1) 2016: 39-52
Factors Affecting Hospital ’ s Adoption of a Market Orientation

This study investigates factors affecting hospital’s adoption of a market orientation and the difference between public and private hospitals in Taiwan in their market orientation after implementation of the National Health Insurance program. Hospitals, both private and public, with more than 100 sickbeds are selected from three municipalities in Taiwan, namely Taipei, Taichung, and Kaohsiung. The subjects are high-ranking executives in these hospitals. A total of 152 copies of the questionnaire are distributed. Empirical results are as follows: (1) Private hospitals are faced with a higher degree of environmental uncertainty than public hospitals and are thus characterized by higher levels of market orientation; (2) Private hospitals are more influenced than public hospitals by their organizational entrepreneurship in market orientation; (3) Private hospitals pay more attention to professional ethics and are more market-oriented than public hospitals; (4) Market orientation has significant and positive influence on hospital’s organizational performance. Compared with previous studies, this study has the following features: (1) Difference in market orientation between public and private hospitals in Taiwan is seldom addressed in previous studies. Unlike these studies, which are mainly focused on hospitals in the US and European nations, this paper discusses market orientation among hospitals in Taiwan. (2) Previous research on issues concerning hospital management is mostly concentrated on discussion of medical quality, and the research on factors affecting hospital’s market orientation is really rare. However, investigation of these factors is really necessary. (3) Integration of multivariate analysis and nonlinear fuzzy neural network model for an empirical test is rare among previous studies of related issues. This methodology is expected to be more contributive to the academic area. Key-Words: market orientation, environmental uncertainty, entrepreneurship, professional ethics
The Arctic Ocean in summer: A quasi‐synoptic inverse estimate of boundary fluxes and water mass transformation

The first quasi-synoptic estimates of Arctic Ocean and sea ice net fluxes of volume, heat and freshwater are calculated by application of an inverse model to data around the ocean boundary. Hydrographic measurements from four gateways to the Arctic (Bering, Davis and Fram Straits, and the Barents Sea Opening) completely enclose the ocean, and were made within the same 32-day period in summer 2005. The inverse model is formulated as a set of full-depth and density-layer-specific volume and salinity transport conservation equations, with conservation constraints also applied to temperature, but only in non-outcropping layers. The model includes representations of Fram Strait sea ice export and of interior Arctic Ocean diapycnal fluxes. The results show that in summer 2005 the transport-weighted mean properties are, for water entering the Arctic: potential temperature 4.53? C, salinity 34.50 and potential density (? 0) 27.33 kg m-3; and for water leaving the Arctic, including sea ice: 0.25? C, 33.81 and 27.14 kg m-3, respectively. The net effect of the Arctic in summer is to freshen and cool the inflows by 0.69 in salinity and 4.28 ? C, respectively, and to decrease density by 0.19 kg m-3. The volume transport into the Arctic of waters above ~1000 m depth is 9.2 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s-1), and the export (similarly) is 9.3 Sv. The net oceanic and sea ice freshwater flux is 186 {plus minus} 48 mSv. The net heat flux (including sea ice) is 192 {plus minus} 37 TW, representing loss from the ocean to the atmosphere.
Local and regional ecological morphology of dung beetle assemblages across four biogeographic regions

Aim Niche partitioning within species assemblages is thought to influence species packing and/or total niche space occupied. The evolution of dung beetles (Scarabaeinae) is likely to have been strongly influenced by inter‐specific competition, leading to niche partitioning. We consider whether local‐scale processes leave a signature in regional patterns of functional diversity in dung beetle assemblages, and investigate the correlation between total exploited ecomorphological space and density of species packing with increased species richness. We test whether ecomorphological space occupied by local assemblages reflects that of their regional species pool, and the extent to which ecomorphological space is convergent or divergent within functional groups across regional pools.