Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conservation of fungal and animal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase complexes

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (Nox) are a group of eukaryotic flavoenzymes that catalyse the reduction of dioxygen to the superoxide anion using electrons provided by NADPH. An integral membrane flavocytochrome b558 heterodimer, composed of the catalytic subunit gp91phox and the adaptor protein p22phox, is essential for catalytic activity of the mammalian Nox2 complex. Two homologues of the mammalian gp91phox, NoxA and NoxB, have been identified in fungi and shown to be crucial for distinct fungal cell differentiation and developmental processes, but to date, no homologue of the p22phox adaptor protein has been identified. Isolation of a mutant from Podospora anserina with a phenotype identical to a previously characterised PaNox1 mutant, combined with phylogenetic analysis, identified a fungal homologue of p22phox called PaNoxD. The same adaptor protein was shown to be a component of the Botrytis cinerea NoxA complex as supported by the identical phenotypes of the bcnoxA and bcnoxD mutants and direct physical interaction between BcNoxA and BcNoxD. These results suggest that NoxA/NoxD is the fungal equivalent of the mammalian gp91phox/p22phox flavocytochrome complex. Tetraspanin (Pls1) mutants of P. anserina and B. cinerea have identical phenotypes to noxB mutants, suggesting that Pls1 is the corresponding integral membrane adaptor for assembly of the NoxB complex.
Circadian cortisol secretion and circadian adrenal responses to ACTH are maintained in dexamethasone suppressed capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)

We tested the hypothesis that the capuchin monkey adrenal (Cebus apella) gland has oscillatory properties that are independent of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by exploring under ACTH suppression by dexamethasone: (i) maintenance of a circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol and (ii) clock time dependency of plasma cortisol response to exogenous ACTH. The capuchin monkey had a clear ACTH and plasma cortisol rhythm. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in low non‐rhythmic ACTH levels and decreased cortisol to 1/10 of control values; nevertheless, the circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol persisted. We found that cortisol response to exogenous ACTH was clock time‐dependent. The maximal response to ACTH occurred at the acrophase of the cortisol rhythm (0800 h). These results suggest that the capuchin monkey adrenal cortex may possess intrinsic oscillatory properties that participate in the circadian rhythm of adrenal cortisol secretion and in the circadian cortisol response to ACTH. Am. J. Primatol. 70:93–100, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differentiated Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Cocultures for Bone Regeneration in Polymer Scaffolds In Vivo

Abstract Critical-sized bone defects can lead to significant morbidity, and interventions are limited by the availability and donor-site morbidity of bone grafts. Polymer scaffolds seeded with cells have been explored to replace bone grafts. Adipose-derived stem cells have shown great promise for vascularization and osteogenesis of these constructs, and cocultures of differentiated stem cells are being explored to augment vessel and bone formation. Adipose-derived stem cells were differentiated into endothelial cells and osteoblasts, and in vitro studies showed increased proliferation of cocultured cells compared with undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells and monocultures of endothelial cells and osteoblasts. The cells were seeded into polylactic acid gas-plasma–treated scaffolds as cocultures and monocultures and then implanted into critical-sized rat calvarial defects. The cocultures were in a 1:1 osteoblast to endothelial cell ratio. The increase in proliferation seen by the cocultured cells in vitro did not translate to increased vascularization and osteogenesis in vivo. In vivo, there were trends of increased vascularization in the endothelial cell group and increased osteogenesis in the osteoblast and endothelial monoculture groups, but no increase was seen in the coculture group compared with the undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells. Endothelial cells enhance vascularization and osteoblast and endothelial cell monocultures enhance bone formation in the polymer scaffold. Predifferentiation of adipose-derived stem cells is promising for improving vascularization and osteogenesis in polymer scaffolds but requires future evaluation of coculture ratios to fully characterize this response.
Quantitative deformation theorems and critical point theory

It is well known that deformation theorems are the basic tools in critical point theory. They can be derived under a condition of Palais-Smale type ((PS), for short). In the classical setting of a C1 functional f defined on a Banach space X (or a C2 Finsler manifold), we refer to [15]; for a continuous functional f defined on a complete metric space X, we refer to [8], the results of which include the case of a C1 functional defined on a C1 Finsler manifold. On the other hand, some authors gave, in the smooth case, so-called quantitative deformation theorems which are based on a weaker condition than (PS), see, e.g., [2, 21], and also [16] for a detailed account of the theory. Now, it is also well known how the min-max principle yields the existence of a critical value of the functional f, by combining a deformation theorem under the (PS) condition, and some geometrical assumptions. Generally speaking, this is the case when a subset B of X links another subset A of X, and the condition −∞ < b0 := sup B f ≤ inf A f =: a < +∞ (1.1)
Iron proteins of duodenal enterocytes isolated from mice with genetically and experimentally altered iron metabolism

The molecular basis for the control of iron absorption by the duodenum remains unknown; however, ferritin (Ft) and the iron status of enterocytes have been suggested as regulatory factors. We determined the iron and Ft status of duodenal enterocytes from mice with hypotransferrinaemia, a genetic defect leading to greatly enhanced iron absorption, and for comparison we also investigated mice with experimentally‐altered iron absorption. Duodenal enterocytes were isolated and analysed for Ft and non‐haem iron content and for transferrin binding (as a measure of transferrin receptor activity). RNA was extracted from the duodenal mucosa and examined for transferrin receptor and H‐ and L‐Ft mRNA levels by Northern hybridization analysis. Ft levels were elevated in enterocytes of hypotransferrinaemic mice, similar to that seen in iron dextran‐injected mice of the CD1‐strain. Enterocyte Ft levels were reduced in mice fed a diet diminished in iron, but unchanged in hypoxic mice enterocytes. Enterocytes of hypotransferrinaemic mice had normal non‐haem iron levels and transferrin binding; however, enterocytes from CD‐1 mice fed a low iron diet had increased transferrin binding and a decreased non‐haem iron content. Duodenal mRNA levels for transferrin receptor and H‐Ft were unchanged in hypotransferrinaemic mice, whereas L‐Ft was increased. We conclude from the Ft and non‐haem iron contents and transferrin binding that duodenal enterocytes from hypotransferrinaemic mice are not simply iron deficient, leading to increased expression of iron carriers proteins. Duodenal iron absorption can be enhanced in mice even when enterocyte Ft levels are raised or unchanged, suggesting that iron absorption is regulated by developmentally programmed expression of iron transporters by enterocytes.
Deploying Common Systems Globally: The Dynamics of Control

In today's competitive environment, an increasing number of firms are buildingcommon information systems, which will be deployed globally, to support their strategic globalization initiatives. These systems are designed to meet the requirements of a diverse set of stakeholders with different business needs, priorities, and objectives. One managerial tool for addressing and reconciling such differences is control, which encompasses all attempts to motivate individuals to act in a manner that is consistent with organizational objectives. This paper examines two research questions. How do stakeholders exercise control during different phases of large IS projects? Why do control choices change across project phases? Results of two case studies suggest control is exercised differently for each phase. During the initial phase of a project, control is exercised as "collective sensemaking," in which both IS and business stakeholders utilize mostly informal mechanisms of control. During development, "technical winnowing" of mechanisms occurs such that control is vested primarily in IS managers, who structure hierarchical relationships with subordinates and who rely extensively on formal control mechanisms. Both IS and business stakeholders employ formal and informal mechanisms during implementation to exercise control as "collaborative coordinating. " The results also suggest that changes in control choices from one project phase to another are triggered by factors in the project, stakeholder, and global contexts. As factors change across phases, so too do control choices. Further, problems that surface in one project phase trigger changes to controls in subsequent phases. These findings are integrated into a model of the dynamics of control. Implications of these results are drawn, and directions for future research are suggested.
Spatio‐temporal variations of double‐couple aftershock mechanisms and possible volumetric earthquake strain

We analyze spatio‐temporal patterns in rotation angles of double‐couple–constrained mechanisms of aftershocks of the 1992 Landers earthquake. The rotation angles provide information on the distribution of source geometries in different regions of space and time with respect to the mainshock focal mechanism. The results indicate that the mechanisms of the early aftershocks are more scattered and less aligned with the mainshock than those of the long‐term events. This is most pronounced around the northern end of the Landers rupture, least pronounced around the central section, and intermediate around the southern end of the rupture. The relatively large scatter and misalignment of the mean rotation angles of the early focal mechanisms around the edges of the Landers rupture suggest possible volumetric earthquake strain in these regions. The results may reflect isotropic source terms produced by dynamic generation of rock damage. Synthetic tests indicate that the observed differences in the rotation distributions of the early and long‐term events around the end regions of the Landers rupture can result from neglecting in the inversion process isotropic components that are 0.03–0.15 of the total event moments.
Serum and salivary anti-capsular antibodies in infants and children immunized with the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Aim. To study the ability of seven-valent experimental pneumococcal polysaccharide CRM197 protein conjugate vaccine (PncCRM) to induce antibodies in serum and saliva of infants. Methods. Sixty Finnish infants received PncCRM vaccine at 2, 4 and 6 months of age and were boosted with PncCRM (n = 30) or pneumococcal polysaccharide (PncPS) (n = 29) vaccine at the age of 15 months. Serum IgG antibody concentrations to vaccine serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F were measured by enzyme immunoassay at 2, 4, 6, 7, 15, 16 and 24 months of age. Salivary IgA, IgG and secretory Ig antibody titers at 7 and 16 months of ages were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay against the same serotypes, except 23F. Results. PncCRM induced systemic immune responses and immunologic memory. At 7 months of age 69 to 100% of children, depending on the serotype, had serum IgG antibody concentrations exceeding the value of 1.0 &mgr;g/ml. At 15 months the titers were still higher than before the vaccinations. Booster doses of either PncPS or PncCRM induced an increase in antibody concentrations. The titers were still elevated at 24 months of age. Salivary IgA and IgG antibodies were found rarely at 7 months of age, but in up to 80% of samples taken at 16 months of age, depending on the serotype and nature of the booster vaccine. Salivary IgG correlated with IgG in serum, supporting the theory that salivary IgG is derived from serum. Salivary IgA and secretory Ig correlated positively, which indicates that IgA was locally produced. Conclusions. PncCRM induces both systemic and mucosal immune responses in infants.
Suppression of Lymphocyte Mitogenesis by Tamoxifen: Studies on Protein Kinase C, Calmodulin and Calcium

The effect of tamoxifen (TX; 1.0 μM) on the mitogenic response of rat lymphocytes was compared with the effect of drugs that are known to act on protein kinase C (PKC), calmodulin (CM), and calcium (Ca2+). The calcium ionophore A23187 (0.2 μM) was mitogenic on its own which was not influenced by TX. The agents modulating PKC or CM (phorbol-myristate-13-acetate; R24571, chlorpromazine) influenced mitogenesis differently than did TX. General inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation was seen with the Ca2+ antagonist agents (EGTA, TMB-8) as with TX. The antiproliferative effect of TX was partially reversed by the increase of Ca2+ in the culture medium when T cell mitogens were used, but not in the case of lipid A, a B lymphocyte mitogen. However, the concanavalin A-induced Ca2+ influx was further elevated by TX which differed from the effect of the Ca2+ channel-blocking agent verapamil. The results suggest that TX resets the threshold stimulus necessary for mitogenesis and is completely reversible.
Hepatic Perfusion Alterations in Septic Shock Patients: Impact of Early Goal-directed Therapy

Background:Early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) has become an important therapeutic management in early salvage stage of septic shock. However, splenic organs possibly remained hypoperfused and hypoxic despite fluid resuscitation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of EGDT on hepatic perfusion in septic shock patients. Methods:A prospective observational study was carried out in early septic shock patients who were admitted to Intensive Care Unit within 24 h after onset and who met all four elements of the EGDT criteria after treatment with the standard EGDT procedure within 6 h between December 1, 2012 and November 30, 2013. The hemodynamic data were recorded, and oxygen metabolism and hepatic functions were monitored. An indocyanine green clearance test was applied to detect the hepatic perfusion. The patients’ characteristics were compared before treatment (T0), immediately after EGDT (T1), and 24 h after EGDT (T2). This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.org, NCT02060773. Results:Twenty-one patients were included in the study; however, the hepatic perfusion data were not included in the analysis for two patients; therefore, 19 patients were eligible for the study. Hemodynamics data, as monitored by pulse-indicator continuous cardiac output, were obtained from 16 patients. There were no significant differences in indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate (ICG-PDR) and 15-min retention rate (R15) at T0 (11.9 ± 5.0%/min and 20.0 ± 13.2%), T1 (11.4 ± 5.1%/min and 23.6 ± 14.9%), and T2 (11.0 ± 4.5%/min and 23.7 ± 15.3%) (all P > 0.05). Both of the alterations of ICG-PDR and R15 showed no differences at T0, T1, and T2 in the patients of different subgroups that achieved different resuscitation goal numbers when elected (P > 0.05). Conclusion:There were no hepatic perfusion improvements after EGDT in the early phase of patients with septic shock. Trial Registration:Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02060773 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02060773).
Targeting antibodies to the cytoplasm

A growing number of research consortia are now focused on generating antibodies and recombinant antibody fragments that target the human proteome. A particularly valuable application for these binding molecules would be their use inside a living cell, e.g., for imaging or functional intervention. Animal-derived antibodies must be brought into the cell through the membrane, whereas the availability of the antibody genes from phage display systems allows intracellular expression. Here, the various technologies to target intracellular proteins with antibodies are reviewed.
Autologous platelet-rich plasma for treating chronic wounds.

BACKGROUND Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a treatment that contains fibrin and high concentrations of growth factors with the potential to improve the healing of chronic wounds. This is the first update of a review first published in 2012. OBJECTIVES To determine whether autologous PRP promotes the healing of chronic wounds. SEARCH METHODS In June 2015, for this first update, we searched the Cochrane Wounds Specialised Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library): Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid MEDLINE (In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations); Ovid EMBASE; and EBSCO CINAHL. We also searched for ongoing and unpublished clinical trials in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (searched January 2015). We did not impose any restrictions with respect to language, date of publication, or study setting. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared autologous PRP with placebo or alternative treatments for any type of chronic wound in adults. We did not apply any date or language restrictions. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methodology, including two reviewers independently selecting studies for inclusion, extracting data, and assessing risk of bias. MAIN RESULTS The search identified one new RCT, making a total of 10 included RCTs (442 participants, 42% women). The median number of participants per RCT was 29 (range 10 to 117). Four RCTs recruited people with a range of chronic wounds; three RCTs recruited people with venous leg ulcers, and three RCTs considered foot ulcers in people with diabetes. The median length of treatment was 12 weeks (range 8 to 40 weeks). It is unclear whether autologous PRP improves the healing of chronic wounds generally compared with standard treatment (with or without placebo) (risk ratio (RR) 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.50; I(2) = 27%, low quality evidence, 8 RCTs, 391 participants). Autologous PRP may increase the healing of foot ulcers in people with diabetes compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.49; I(2) = 0%, low quality evidence, 2 RCTs, 189 participants). It is unclear if autologous PRP affects the healing of venous leg ulcers (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.27; I(2) = 0% ). It is unclear if there is a difference in the risk of adverse events in people treated with PRP or standard care (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.29 to 3.88; I(2) = 0%, low quality evidence from 3 trials, 102 participants). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS PRP may improve the healing of foot ulcers associated with diabetes, but this conclusion is based on low quality evidence from two small RCTs. It is unclear whether PRP influences the healing of other chronic wounds. The overall quality of evidence of autologous PRP for treating chronic wounds is low. There are very few RCTs evaluating PRP, they are underpowered to detect treatment effects, if they exist, and are generally at high or unclear risk of bias. Well designed and adequately powered clinical trials are needed.
Energy and Waste Management

Waste management and energy systems are often interlinked, either directly by waste-to-energy technologies, or indirectly as processes for recovery of resources—such as materials, oils, manure, or sludge—use energy in their processes or substitute conventional production of the commodities for which the recycling processes provide raw materials. A special issue in Energies on the topic of “Energy and Waste Management” attained a lot of attention from the scientific community. In particular, papers contributing to improved understanding of the combined management of waste and energy were invited. In all, 9 papers were published out of 24 unique submissions. The papers cover technical topics such as leaching of heavy metals, pyrolysis, and production of synthetic natural gas in addition to different systems assessments of horse manure, incineration, and complex future scenarios at a national level. All papers except one focused on energy recovery from waste. That particular paper focused on waste management of infrastructure in an energy system (wind turbines). Published papers illustrate research in the field of energy and waste management on both a current detailed process level as well as on a future system level. Knowledge gained on both types is necessary to be able to make progress towards a circular economy.
A simple digital image processing system to aid in melanoma diagnosis in an everyday melanocytic skin lesion unit. A preliminary report

Background For early melanoma diagnosis, experienced dermatologists have an accuracy of 64–80% using clinical diagnostic criteria, usually the ABCD rule, while automated melanoma diagnosis systems are still considered to be experimental and serve as adjuncts to the naked‐eye expert prediction. In an attempt to aid in early melanoma diagnosis, we developed an image processing program with the aim to discriminate melanoma from melanocytic nevi, establishing a mathematical model to come up with a melanoma probability.
Fast matching pursuit with vector norm comparison

Matching pursuit was demonstrated to be useful especially in low-bit-rate video coding. However, the massive computation required for finding atoms hinders its use in practical applications. This paper provides a new method that can drastically reduce the computational load without any degradation in performance of matching pursuit. We compare vector norms based on the Schwarz inequality to preclude substantial number of dictionary functions without actually evaluating their inner products in atom search. Experimental results show that the number of inner product calculations is only about 20%-35% of the conventional separability-based fast methods.
Rural veterans and access to high-quality care for high-risk surgeries.

OBJECTIVES To determine whether older Veterans Health Administration (VA) health care enrollees obtain most high-risk surgeries in non-VA hospitals under Medicare, whether residence in less populous areas increases this reliance on non-VA care or the likelihood of obtaining it in hospitals with higher mortality rates, and whether directing VA enrollees to better hospitals would add a substantial travel burden. DATA SOURCES VA and Medicare hospital discharge data from 2000 and 2001 for VA enrollees 65 years or older who received any of 14 high-risk elective procedures, including heart, vascular, and cancer surgeries. STUDY DESIGN/DATA EXTRACTION: We compared urban, suburban, and rural patients on use of VA versus non-VA hospitals, use of non-VA hospitals of higher versus lower mortality rates, travel times to get to these hospitals, and the additional travel burden if they had gone to lower mortality hospitals. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Regardless of residence, VA enrollees obtained most high-risk surgeries in non-VA hospitals. Urban veterans were most likely to get heart or cancer surgeries in lower mortality hospitals, but rural veterans were most likely to get vascular surgeries in lower mortality hospitals. Average travel times to lower or higher mortality hospitals did not differ greatly. CONCLUSIONS Accessing better hospitals need not add a great travel burden for rural veterans.