Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heat kernels and Green’s functions on limit spaces

In this paper, we study the behavior of the Laplacian on a sequence of manifolds {Mf} with a lower bound in Ricci curvature that converges to a metric-measure space M^. We prove that the heat kernels and Green's functions on Mf will converge to some integral kernels on M^ which can be interpreted, in different cases, as the heat kernel and Green's function on M^. We also study the Laplacian on noncollapsed metric cones; these provide a unified treatment of the asymptotic behavior of heat kernels and Green's functions on noncompact manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature and EucUdean volume growth. In particular, we get a unified proof of the asymptotic formulae of Colding-Minicozzi, Li and LiTam-Wang.
On the physiological roles of PIP2 at cardiac Na+–Ca2+ exchangers and KATP channels: a long journey from membrane biophysics into cell biology

Over the last 10 years we have tried to understand the roles of PIP2 in regulating cardiac Na+–Ca2+ exchangers and KATP K+ channels, both of which are directly activated by PIP2. Up to now, the idea that hormones might physiologically regulate these mechanisms by causing changes of PIP2 concentrations in the cardiac sarcolemma, either locally or globally, is not well supported. In intact myocardium, but not excised patches, phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate 5‐kinase (PIP5K) activity appears to be Ca2+ activated and dependent on cardiac activity. Potentially therefore the primary second messenger of the heart, cytoplasmic Ca2+, may regulate PIP2 and therewith numerous cardiac membrane processes. In general, however, PIP2 may simply serve to strongly activate various cardiac channels and transporters when they are inserted in the sarcolemma, while a lack of PIP2 on internal membranes maintains transporters and channels inactive during trafficking and processing. As in most, if not all, strong regulatory systems of cells, the activating effects of PIP2 can apparently be countered by strong inactivation mechanisms. In this context, our recent work suggests that internalization of cardiac Na+–Ca2+ exchangers is promoted by increased PIP2 synthesis, especially in combination with other cell signals. Assuming that multiple adapter–PIP2 interactions are necessary to initiate the budding of individual membrane vesicles, the dependence of endocytosis on PIP2 in the surface membrane can potentially be a very steep function. Thus, a better understanding of the regulation of cardiac lipid kinases may be key to understanding when and how cardiac ion transporters and channels are internalized.
NET Institute*

We analyze firms’ incentives to bundle and tie in the telecommunications industry. As a first step, we develop a discrete-choice demand model where firms sell products that may combine several services in bundles, and consumers choose assortments of different types of products available from various vendors. Our approach extends standard discrete-choice demand models of differentiated product to allow for both flexible substitution patterns and to map demand for each choice alternative onto the demand for each service or bundle that a firm may sell. We exploit these properties to examine bundling behavior when firms choose: (i) prices, and (ii) which products to sell. Using consumer-level data and survey data from the Portuguese telecommunications industry, we estimate our demand model and identify firm incentives to bundle and tie in this industry. We use the model to perform several policy related conterfactuals and evaluate their impact on prices and product provision.
Synchronized oscillations caused by disinhibition in rodent neocortex are generated by recurrent synaptic activity mediated by AMPA receptors

During disinhibition the neocortex generates synchronous activities. In neocortical slices application of GABAA and GABAB receptor antagonists transformed slow oscillations into large amplitude spike‐wave discharges that contained a rhythmic ∼10 Hz neocortical oscillation. The 10 Hz oscillations caused by disinhibition were highly region specific and were generated only in frontal agranular regions of neocortex, such as the primary motor cortex, but not in granular neocortex. Pharmacological manipulations showed that the 10 Hz oscillations were critically dependent on α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionate (AMPA) receptors. Current source density (CSD) analyses in slices using 16‐site silicon probes revealed that the 10 Hz oscillations were expressed with large current sinks in the upper layers and smaller current sinks in the lower layers that precede them. The results indicate that blocking GABAB receptors in the agranular neocortex unmasks recurrent synaptic activity mediated by AMPA receptors that results in the generation of these oscillations.
Response of adolescent bonnet macaques to an acute fear stimulus as a function of early rearing conditions.

When primate infants are reared during the first half-year of life in an environment in which their mothers face uncertain requirements for food procurement (variable foraging demand [VFD]), long-lasting behavioral and neurodevelopmental consequences ensue, including increases in timidity and social subordinance as well as alterations in stress-related neuroendocrine profiles. We examined the nature and persistence of the effects of VFD rearing by exposing VFD-reared and normally reared adolescent bonnet macaques to a mild fear-provoking stimulus 2 years after the end of differential rearing. VFD-reared subjects at baseline were less gregarious than normally reared monkeys. VFDs also were considerably less responsive to the fear stimulus, and their behavior and affect returned to baseline levels more quickly than normally reared subjects. The extent and persistence of the sequelae of VFD rearing suggest parallels with predisposing factors in human anxiety disorders.
Small farm dams: impact on river flows and sustainability in a context of climate change

The repetition of droughts in France has led to a growing demand for irrigation water and consequently to an increase in requests for the construction of small farm dams. Although such dams are small, their accumulation in a basin affects river flows, because the water collected in these small farm dams is used for irrigation and thus does not contribute to river flow. In order to gain more insight into their impact on the annual and monthly discharges, especially during dry years, a small farm dam model was built and connected to a hydrometeorological model. Several scenarios with different volume capacities, filling catchment sizes and filling periods were tested for such dams. The results were analysed in a small basin in western France, where the pressure for building such dams is high, and then extended to the entire country. It was found that, due to the hydrometeorological conditions (mainly low precipitation compared to other regions in France), the development of small farm dams in north-western France would result in greater decreases in river flows and less efficient filling of small farm dams than in other regions. Therefore, such dams might not be as efficient as expected in supplying water to farmers when needed. Moreover, the ability to fill small farm dams is projected to decrease in a context of climate change, despite the uncertainty on the evolution of precipitation, thus worsening the situation.
Apoptosis of osteoclast-like cells induced by alendronate is related to Fas gene expression.

OBJECTIVE To detect the mechanism of alendronate during inhibition of bone resorption by inducing apoptosis of osteoclasts and its relationship with the Fas gene. METHODS The osteoclast-like cells (OCLs) from a giant cell tumor in vitro were used. After treatment with alendronate for 48 hours, the OCLs were identified by fluorescence microscope, transmission electron microscope, in situ end labeling (TUNEL), HE staining, in situ hybridization with Dig-Fas Probe, and immunohistochemistry with anti-Fas antibodies. RESULTS The detachment rate of OCLs was 76% after exposure to alendronate, while the control cell detachment rate was only 3%. The nonadherent OCLs showed the features of cell contraction, pyknosis, chromatin condensation connecting with nuclear membrane to form circle or crescent bodies, and occasional nuclear fragmentation. The detached OCLs were positive by in situ end labeling, and the control group was negative. Nonadherent OCLs were ultrastructurally consistent with apoptosis (shrunken cells with pyknotic nuclei, chromatin condensation connecting with nuclear membrane, mitochondria recruitment with intact structure, and loosening of endoplasmic reticulum). The results by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry indicated that the Fas gene expression of nonadherent OCLs were positive, but the controls were negative. CONCLUSION Alendronate promotes apoptosis of the OCLs and it is related with the expression of the Fas gene.
The effectiveness of space-filling fractal geometry in lowering resonant frequency

The space-filling fractal geometry of the Hilbert curve is examined in terms of its effectiveness in lowering resonant frequency. It is demonstrated that the complex geometry associated with the space-filling Hilbert fractal curve is inherently ineffective in lowering resonant frequency compared to other less complex geometries of the same size and total wire length. The effectiveness of the geometry in lowering resonant frequency is a direct function of the current vector alignment established by the wire layout.
Effect of duration of feed quality restriction on body dimensions in lambs.

We measured the effect of duration of feed quality restriction and the consequent compensatory growth on body dimensions in 18 crossbred Swifter (Texel sire x Flemish dam) male lambs born in March 1994 and weaned at approximately 2 mo of age. The lambs were fed grass straw (46 g CP/kg DM) for ad libitum consumption and 35 g CP x kg(-75) x d(-1) mixed concentrates (173 g/kg DM). At approximately 3.5 mo of age and average live weight of approximately 34 kg, the lambs were allotted to six blocks, each block with three lambs of approximately the same live weight. Within each block, the three lambs were then randomly assigned to two restricted treatments (R1 and R2) and a control (C) treatment. In treatments R1 and R2, feed quality was restricted by withholding concentrates for 3 and 4.5 mo, respectively. A growth model was developed to study the effects of restriction and subsequent compensation after realimentation (6.5 and 8 mo for R1 and R2 groups, respectively). During restriction, live weight and growth in body dimensions were suppressed. Bone length measures such as body length and ulna length were less affected than live weight. The response in testes girth to restriction was almost immediate. At the end of the experiment (age of about 14 mo), R1 animals fully compensated. However, the R1 animals had higher testes girth (P < .001), chest girth (P < .01), and chest depth (P < .05). Extending the duration of feed restriction did not have a significant effect on the rate of losses in live weight and body dimensions during restriction. At the end of the experiment, except for withers height and trunk length, the R2 animals did not compensate fully in live weight and other dimensions. However, the parameter estimates suggested that the R2 animals may need a relatively longer period of realimentation to reach to the same size as R1 and C animals.
Value of a Chicken‐Based Formula for Refeeding of Children with Protracted Diarrhea and Malnutrition in a Developing Country

Two hospital-made, lactose-free, hypoosmolar formulas were compared for therapy for 61 children aged 10–28 months who had severe malnutrition and protracted diarrhea. The formulas were isocaloric and contained dextrin-maltose, carrots, sunflower oil, minerals, and vitamins. One had chicken meat as the protein source and the other had hydrolyzed lactalbumin (LAD). Initially the formulas were given as a continuous enteral feeding by nasogastric tube and pump. Six patients died from metabolic and infectious complications; four failed to equilibrate and changed diet. The remaining 51 were divided into two groups: group A, chicken formula (n = 26), and group B, LAD formula (n = 25). The mean duration of diarrhea was similar in both groups: number of days with liquid stools = 6.0 ± 4.1 in group A, 5.5 ± 2.8 in group B; number of days with >4 stools/day = 3.5 ± 3.4 in group A, 4.1 ± 2.1 in group B. The time until beginning nutritional recovery was 13.2 ± 12.0 days in group A and 13.3 ± 7.8 days in group B. Intercurrent infections were significantly more frequent in patients receiving chicken formula (12 of 30 patients) than in those receiving LAD formula (4 of 27 patients) (p < 0.05). We conclude that chicken formula is an efficient substitute to expensive semielemental formulas for continuous enteral feeding of protracted diarrhea in severely malnourished children.
Power handling capability enhancement in rectangular waveguide dual-mode BPFs

This paper introduces the objective of increasing the power handling capability of all-inductive dual mode waveguide filters is introduced using multiple circular inductive posts. 3D electromagnetic models are built for other conventional alternative designs (coupled resonator waveguide filter, and all-inductive in-line dual-mode waveguide filter), and used to compare to the proposed design models. The comparison proves that the proposed filter is superior to other conventional designs from power point of view without degrading other specifications.
The Importance of Considering Context in the Assessment of Personality Characteristics : Evidence from Ratings of Dolphin Personality

The authors would like to acknowledge the logistic support of the staff and trainers at Dolphins Plus, Dolphin Cove, and Island Dolphin Care. We thank them for their time and dedication to dolphin research, and for their invaluable help in rating the dolphins in this study. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Stan A. Kuczaj, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Dr #5025, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, U.S.A. (s.kuczaj@usm.edu) The Importance of Considering Context in the Assessment of Personality Characteristics: Evidence from Ratings of Dolphin Personality
Remapping the Body: Learning to Eat Again After Surgery for Esophageal Cancer

Surgery for esophageal cancer offers the hope of cure but might impair quality of life. The operation removes tumors obstructing the esophagus but frequently leaves patients with eating difficulties, leading to weight loss. Maintaining or increasing body weight is important to many patients, both as a means of returning to “normal” and as a means of rejecting the identity of the terminal cancer patient, but surgery radically alters embodied sensations of hunger, satiety, swallowing, taste, and smell, rendering the previously taken-for-granted experience of eating unfamiliar and alien. Successful recovery depends on patients' learning how to eat again. This entails familiarization with physiological changes but also coming to terms with the social consequences of spoiled identity. The authors report findings from in-depth interviews with 11 esophageal cancer patients, documenting their experiences as they struggle to achieve a process of adaptation that is at once physiological, psychological, and social.
Why Heidegger? - Critical Insights for IS Design from Pragmatism and from Social Semiotics

The present application relates to compositions which influence the central nervous system and which are especially useful in the treatment of hyperkinesis and rigidity. These compositions contain as active ingredient 1,3-dimethyl-5-aminoadamantane in the form of the free base or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, together with a methylxanthine compound, e.g., caffeine or theophylline, in an amount up to about fifteen milligrams of the methylxanthine compound per each milligram of the 1,3-dimethyl-5-aminoadamantane compound. These compositions are useful in the treatment of central nervous system disorders, particularly of Parkinson's disease, depressions, spasticity, rigidity, hyperkinesis, and the like. The compositions possess unpredictable beneficial properties of a synergistic nature. The application also relates to the treatment of such central nervous system ailments or conditions with a combination of the said two active agents either concurrently or together in the same dosage form or unit.
Periods of Feynman Diagrams and GKZ D-Modules

We study differential equations for Feynman amplitudes and we show that the corresponding D-module is isomorphic to a GKZ D-modules. We show that the sheaf of solutions to the D-module is isomorphic to a certain relative homology and the amplitudes are periods of a relative motive. Using these ideas, we develop a method of regularization which specializes to dimensional regularization and analytic regularization.
Bevacizumab in endometrial cancer treatment

Introduction: There is a critical need to develop effective new strategies for the management of patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) and molecular targeted therapies; in particular, antiangiogenic drugs represent an interesting field of pharmacological research. One of the most interesting of these agents is bevacizumab, a monoclonal antivascular endothelial growth factor antibody. Areas covered: Mechanism of action and clinical trials of bevacizumab in EC, and suggestions for its future use are reviewed. The most relevant papers and the meeting abstracts published up to December 2011 were used as sources for this review. The purposes of this manuscript are to discuss the rationale of interfering with the process of tumor angiogenesis in EC, to help readers in understanding the mechanism of action of bevacizumab, and to provide a comprehensive summary of initial preclinical and clinical results of this drug in EC patients. Expert opinion: Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular biology of EC have led to development of targeted therapies. Among these, antiangiogenic agents are one of the most promising therapies.
On the Measurement of Total Radiated Power in Uncalibrated Reverberation Chambers

A novel experimental procedure to measure the total radiated power of an equipment under test (EUT) placed in a reverberation chamber (RC) is presented. In contrast to the well-established method of the IEC 61000-4-21, this new procedure does not rely on information obtained during the empty chamber calibration or the calibration with the EUT in place. Thus, the method is simpler, faster, and may have a smaller uncertainty budget.
Effectiveness of Different Shade Materials

Cattle produced in open feedlots are vulnerable to a variety of weather events; under certain conditions heat events can be especially detrimental. Shade structures are often considered as one method of reducing cattle stress. A summer study was conducted during 2007 using instrumented shade structures in conjunction with meteorological measurements to estimate relative effectiveness of various shade materials for ‘full sun’ days. Polyethylene shade cloth was used in three of the comparisons and consisted of effective coverings of 100%, 60% with a silver reflective coating, and 60% black material with no reflective coating. Additionally, one of the structures was fitted with a poly snow fence with an effective shade of about 30%. Each shade structure contained a solar radiation meter and a black globe thermometer to measure radiant energy received under the shade material. Additionally, meteorological data were collected as a non-shaded treatment and included temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation. Analyses of the collected data focused on a physiological model that predicts cattle respiration rate based on relative humidity, ambient temperature, solar radiation and wind speed. An associated heat stress index was used to determine the effectiveness of the shading options. Analyses of the data revealed that time spent in the highest stress category was reduced by all shade materials. Moreover, significant differences (p<0.05) existed between all shade materials (compared to no-shade) for hourly summaries of estimated respiration rate during peak daylight hours and for ‘full sun’ days.
Using genetic algorithm for lot sizing and scheduling problem with arbitrary job volumes and distinct job due date considerations

This paper considers an integrated lot sizing and scheduling problem for a production–distribution environment with arbitrary job volumes and distinct due dates considerations. In the problem, jobs are firstly batch processed on a batching machine at production stage and then delivered to a pre-specified customer at the subsequent delivery stage by a capacitated vehicle. Each job is associated with a distinct due date and a distinct volume, and has to be delivered to the customer before its due date, i.e. delay is not allowed. The processing time of a batch is a constant independent of the jobs it contains. In production, a constant set-up time as well as a constant set-up cost is required before the first job of this batch is processed. In delivery, a constant delivery time as well as a constant delivery cost is needed for each round-trip delivery between the factory and the customer. Moreover, it is supposed that a job that arrives at the customer before its due date will incur a customer inventory cost. The objective is to find a coordinated lot sizing and scheduling scheme such that the total cost is minimised while guaranteeing a certain customer service level. A mixed integer formulation is proposed for this problem, and then a genetic algorithm is developed to solve it. To evaluate the performance of the proposed genetic algorithm, a lower bound on the objective value is established. Computational experiments show that the proposed genetic algorithm performs well on randomly generated problem instances.
Reflections on treating addictive disorders: a psychodynamic perspective.

In this paper I would like to reflect and draw upon apsychodynamic perspective and four decades of work withdrug-dependent patients, to look at the struggles and suf-fering that make addictions so powerful and compelling.Drawing on that perspective and experience, I would thenliketooffersomethoughtsaboutessentialelementsofgoodtreatmentandhowclinicianscandevelopafocustoaddress,understand, and modify in psychotherapy the vulnerabili-ties that have caused drug-dependent individuals to sufferand behave in the ways that they do. The paper will soundfamiliar to many practitioners of my generation, and inthis respect it is intended as a recap and summation of mywork, but it is also my aim to introduce these ideas to anew generation of clinicians who are taking up the chal-lenge to provide a humanistic psychological approach tounderstanding and treating addictive disorders.Treating addictive disorders, as with other medical andpsychiatric conditions, rests on the principle that effectivetreatment best occurs when the underlying processes andmechanisms involved in the disorder are understood andtargeted. Over the past several decades considerable evi-dence has emerged, as recently reviewed by Shedler,