Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Young children’s knowledge of food allergy and transition to school

Abstract Children’s knowledge of food allergies and their self-management is developmentally based, and is essential for their safe transition to school. Despite a growing number of children with food allergies starting school globally, to date, little is known about young children’s knowledge of food allergy or their capacity to manage it, or their feelings and perspectives about starting school. Addressing this gap, this pilot study interviewed six children—aged four-to six-years in their family homes in Sydney, Australia about their food allergy and starting school. Data from Photo Elicitation Interviews utilising photos as prompts were analysed thematically. The results of this pilot study suggest that a child’s knowledge of food allergy, their self-control to resist temptation and their ability to communicate the need for help may help them to stay safe at school, and therefore are vital in their transition to school. The implications of this pilot study for further research are discussed.
Histone Acetylation Is Required to Maintain the Unfolded Nucleosome Structure Associated with Transcribing DNA*

Nucleosomes associated with transcribing chromatin of mammalian cells have an unfolded structure in which the normally buried cysteinyl-thiol group of histone H3 is exposed. In this study we analyzed transcriptionally active/competent DNA-enriched chromatin fractions from chicken mature and immature erythrocytes for the presence of thiol-reactive nucleosomes using organomercury-agarose column chromatography and hydroxylapatite dissociation chromatography of chromatin fractions labeled with [3H]iodoacetate. In mature and immature erythrocytes, the active DNA-enriched chromatin fractions are associated with histones that are rapidly highly acetylated and rapidly deacetylated. When histone deacetylation was prevented by incubating cells with histone deacetylase inhibitors, sodium butyrate or trichostatin A, thiol-reactive H3 of unfolded nucleosomes was detected in the soluble chromatin and nuclear skeleton-associated chromatin of immature, but not mature, erythrocytes. We did not find thiol-reactive nucleosomes in active DNA-enriched chromatin fractions of untreated immature erythrocytes that had low levels of highly acetylated histones H3 and H4 or in chromatin of immature cells incubated with inhibitors of transcription elongation. This study shows that transcription elongation is required to form, and histone acetylation is needed to maintain, the unfolded structure of transcribing nucleosomes.
Defined Nutrient Diets Alter Susceptibility to Clostridium difficile Associated Disease in a Murine Model

Background Clostridium difficile is a major identifiable and treatable cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Poor nutritional status contributes to mortality through weakened host defenses against various pathogens. The primary goal of this study was to assess the contribution of a reduced protein diet to the outcomes of C. difficile infection in a murine model. Methods C57BL/6 mice were fed a traditional house chow or a defined diet with either 20% protein or 2% protein and infected with C. difficile strain VPI10463. Animals were monitored for disease severity, clostridial shedding and fecal toxin levels. Select intestinal microbiota were measured in stool and C. difficile growth and toxin production were quantified ex vivo in intestinal contents from untreated or antibiotic-treated mice fed with the different diets. Results C. difficile infected mice fed with defined diets, particularly (and unexpectedly) with protein deficient diet, had increased survival, decreased weight loss, and decreased overall disease severity. C. difficile shedding and toxin in the stool of the traditional diet group was increased compared with either defined diet 1 day post infection. Mice fed with traditional diet had an increased intestinal Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio following antibiotic exposure compared with either a 2% or 20% protein defined nutrient diet. Ex vivo inoculation of cecal contents from antibiotic-treated mice showed decreased toxin production and C. difficile growth in both defined diets compared with a traditional diet. Conclusions Low protein diets, and defined nutrient diets in general, were found to be protective against CDI in mice. Associated diet-induced alterations in intestinal microbiota may influence colonization resistance and clostridial toxin production in a defined nutrient diet compared to a traditional diet, leading to increased survival. However, mechanisms which led to survival differences between 2% and 20% protein defined nutrient diets need to be further elucidated.
Aggressive spinal haemangiomas: imaging correlates to clinical presentation with analysis of treatment algorithm and clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVE Aggressive spinal haemangiomas (those with significant osseous expansion/extraosseous extension) represent approximately 1% of spinal haemangiomas and are usually symptomatic. In this study, we correlate imaging findings with presenting symptomatology, review treatment strategies and their outcomes and propose a treatment algorithm. METHODS 16 patients with aggressive haemangiomas were retrospectively identified from 1995 to 2013. Imaging was assessed for size, location, CT/MR characteristics, osseous expansion and extraosseous extension. Presenting symptoms, management and outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS Median patient age was 52 years. Median size was 4.5 cm. Lumbar spine was the commonest location (n = 8), followed by thoracic spine (n = 7) and sacrum (n = 2); one case involved the lumbosacral junction. 12 haemangiomas had osseous expansion; 13 had extraosseous extension [epidural (n = 11), pre-vertebral/paravertebral (n = 10) and foraminal (n = 6)]. On CT, 11 had accentuated trabeculae and 5 showed lysis. On MRI, eight were T1 hyperintense, six were T1 hypointense and all were T2 hyperintense. 11 symptomatic patients underwent treatment: chemical ablation (n = 6), angioembolization (n = 3, 2 had subsequent surgery), radiotherapy (n = 2, 1 primary and 1 adjuvant) and surgery (n = 4). Median follow-up was 20 months. Four of six patients managed only by percutaneous methods had symptom resolution. Three of four patients requiring surgery had symptom resolution. CONCLUSION Aggressive haemangiomas cause significant morbidity. Treatment is multidisciplinary, with surgery reserved for large lesions and those with focal neurological signs. Minimally invasive procedures may be successful in smaller lesions. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Aggressive haemangiomas are rare, but knowledge of their imaging features and treatment strategies enhances the radiologist's role in their management.
Living arrangements and economic support for the elderly in Taiwan.

"This paper aims to find out the role of living arrangements in economic support for the elderly in Taiwan. To fulfill this goal, primary and secondary sources of living costs are used to derive four types of economic support for the elderly. Our analytical results suggest that living arrangements play a role of specification. Of the elderly who are not living with children, these have substantially greater proportions of the independent type than those living with children. " (SUMMARY IN CHI)
Clinical Importance of the Interaction of Diazepam and Cimetidine

Cimetidine is known to impair the hepatic microsomal oxidation of diazepam, reducing its clearance and prolonging its half-life. We studied the clinical importance of this effect in 10 patients, who were receiving long-term treatment with diazepam for anxiety, tension, or difficulty in sleeping, in an eight-week double-blind controlled study during which the diazepam dosage remained constant. The study was in four two-week phases: base-line or adaptation, coadministration of cimetidine (300 mg) or matching placebo four times daily, crossover to the opposite treatment (placebo or cimetidine), and recovery treatment with diazepam alone. During the cimetidine phase, plasma concentrations of diazepam plus desmethyldiazepam rose an average of 57 per cent (P less than 0.005), then fell when cimetidine was withdrawn. However, there were no significant changes in scores on the digit-symbol-substitution test, a tracking task, or a reaction-time test. Clinical self-ratings indicated no increases in sedation, fatigue, or drowsiness. Patients experienced shortening of sleep latency (P less than 0.05) and an increase in self-rated depth or soundness of sleep (P less than 0.001) during the cimetidine period, but there were no changes in sleep duration or in the number of nocturnal awakenings. Although coadministration of cimetidine to diazepam-treated patients causes a large increase in plasma diazepam and desmethyldiazepam concentrations, the increase is of minimal clinical importance.
Corporate Social Disclosure During the Global Financial Crisis

The significant amount of research related to corporate social disclosure (CSD) over the last few decades indicates its importance. Prior studies have revealed continuous improvement in the level of CSD by corporations in different sectors. The recent economic and financial crisis has been identified by many economic and financial experts as the worst since the Second World War and is likely to have an impact on level of CSD. This study examines the extent of CSD before and during global financial crisis for 48 selected Australian companies. The results of the study reveal that there is an insignificant upward change in CSD during the financial crisis. In addition, this study examines the association between several firm level factors (profitability, leverage, change in profitability, change in leverage and size) and the extent of CSD and change in CSD. The study finds that the extent of CSD is not significantly associated with leverage and profitability but it is significantly associated with size. Additionally, change in profitability and size do not have any significant influence on change in CSD. However, change in leverage has a significant negative association with change in CSD.
Planning or Something Else? Examining Neuropsychological Predictors of Zoo Map Performance

The Zoo Map Test of the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome battery is often applied to measure planning ability as part of executive function. Successful performance on this test is, however, dependent on various cognitive functions, and deficient Zoo Map performance does therefore not necessarily imply selectively disrupted planning abilities. To address this important issue, we examined whether planning is still the most important predictor of Zoo Map performance in a heterogeneous sample of neurologic and psychiatric outpatients (N = 71). In addition to the Zoo Map Test, the patients completed other neuropsychological tests of planning, inhibition, processing speed, and episodic memory. Planning was the strongest predictor of the total raw score and inappropriate places visited, and no additional contribution of other cognitive scores was found. One exception to this was the total time, which was associated with processing speed. Overall, our findings indicate that the Zoo Map Test is a valid indicator of planning ability in a heterogeneous patient sample.
Leaky wave antennas, plasmonics and metamaterials in the terahertz

Se han presentado nuevos dispositivos de la familia de antenas Bulls/Eye corrugadas de onda de fuga, cada una de ellas con el proposito de mejorar disenos previos o con la idea de demostrar nuevas capacidades. El empleo de una superficie sinusoidal y su comparacion con una antena de corrugaciones rectangulares fue primeramente presentado. Se vio que el uso de esta geometria era igualmente valido para conseguir una antena eficiente. Se ha presentado un trabajo en el cual se intentaba demostrar la validez de la configuracion apertura lambda medios mas corrugaciones en el terahercio. Mediante el analisis experimental de tal estructura, asi parecidas, se demostro su validez, asi como se dio una explicacion de la formacion de los haces radiados en este tipo de estructuras. Se ha presentado una antena fabricada mediante un proceso de estereolitografia y metalizacion, con el anadido del estudio analitico y desarrollo de la formulacion necesarios para conseguir un haz que radie en una direccion inclinada respecto a la direccion normal a la superficie, a traves del diseno adecuado del patron corrugado. Basada en la demostracion numerica de la mayor transmision conseguible mediante el uso de corrugaciones mas anchas de las hasta el momento utilizadas se diseno y fabrico una antena miniaturizada de alta ganancia (resultando en una alta eficiencia de apertura), con lobulos laterales bajos. Sin tener la topologia de apertura resonante y corrugaciones, se presento una antena plana basada en una lamina dielectrica con plano de masa, un patron de BE asimetrico y alimentada con un monopolo, la cual presentaba lobulos laterales reducidos, comparados con las antenas de apertura radiante anteriormente presentadas. Se ha mostrado la posibilidad de obtener diversos tipos estructuras interesantes basadas en una configuracion similar en un amplio rango de frecuencias en el campo de las comunicaciones.
Sound Field Audiometry: Recommended Stimuli and Procedures

Comprehensive recommendations are presented for conducting sound field audiometry with frequency specific stimuli. These recommendations are primarily based on a series of investigations by the authors. The rationale for each recommendation is presented, together with a brief overview of the supporting research. The preferred stimuli are frequency modulation tones, triangularly or sinusoidally modulated at a rate of about 20 Hz, or suitably generated narrow bands of noise. The optimal band-widths of the stimuli, expressed in percentages of the center frequency, vary with frequency. Stimuli suitable for most purposes have bandwidths ranging from about 30% at 0.25 kHz to about 10% at 4 kHz. Stimuli having narrower or broader band-widths are desirable for some special purposes. The test room should be as nonreverberant as possible and the subject should be seated on an adjustable height chair with headrest. The control microphone method of calibration is preferred but a method is also presented for carrying out the traditional precalibration procedure. The SPL of the complex stimulus should be taken as the peak deflections on a sound level meter set to “RMS-FAST. ” A conversion table is presented which allows thresholds obtained in the sound field to be expressed as dB HTL. With the materials and methods described here it is possible to achieve the same reliability for sound field testing as for audiometry under earphones.
Uncertainty in Ocean-Color Estimates of Chlorophyll for Phytoplankton Groups

Over the past decade, techniques have been presented to derive the community structure of phytoplankton at synoptic scales using satellite ocean-colour data. There is a growing demand from the ecosystem modelling community to use these products for model evaluation and data assimilation. Yet, from the perspective of an ecosystem modeller these products are of limited use unless: (i) the phytoplankton products provided by the remote-sensing community match those required by the ecosystem modellers; and (ii) information on per-pixel uncertainty is provided to evaluate data quality. Using a large dataset collected in the North Atlantic, we re-tune a method to estimate the chlorophyll concentration of three phytoplankton groups, partitioned according to size (pico- (20μm)). The method is modified to account for the influence of sea surface temperature, also available from satellite data, on model parameters and on the partitioning of microphytoplankton into diatoms and dinoflagellates, such that the phytoplankton groups provided match those simulated in a state of the art marine ecosystem model (the European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model, ERSEM). The method is validated using another dataset, independent of the data used to parameterise the method, of more than 800 satellite and in situ match-ups. Using fuzzy-logic techniques for deriving per-pixel uncertainty, developed within the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI), the match-up dataset is used to derive the root mean square error and the bias between in situ and satellite estimates of the chlorophyll for each phytoplankton group, for 14 different optical water types (OWT). These values are then used with satellite estimates of OWTs to map uncertainty in chlorophyll on a per pixel basis for each phytoplankton group. It is envisaged these satellite products will be useful for those working on the validation of, and assimilation of data into, marine ecosystem models that simulate different phytoplankton groups.
In vivo Evaluation Method of the Effect of Nattokinase on Carrageenan-Induced Tail Thrombosis in a Rat Model

Thrombosis is characterized by congenital and acquired procatarxis. Nattokinase inhibits thrombus formation in vitro. However, in vivo evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of nattokinase against thrombosis remains to be conducted. Subcutaneous nattokinase injections of 1 or 2 mg/ml were administered to the tails of rats. Subsequently, ĸ-carrageenan was intravenously administered to the tails at 12 h after nattokinase injections. The mean length of the infarcted regions in the tails of rats was significantly shorter in rats administered 2 mg/ml of nattokinase than those in control rats. Nattokinase exhibited significant prophylactic antithrombotic effects. Previously, the in vitro efficacy of nattokinase against thrombosis had been reported; now our study has revealed the in vivo efficacy of nattokinase against thrombosis.
Final results of phase III SYMMETRY study: randomized, double-blind trial of elesclomol plus paclitaxel versus paclitaxel alone as treatment for chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced melanoma.

PURPOSE Elesclomol, an investigational first-in-class compound, induces oxidative stress, triggers mitochondrial-induced apoptosis in cancer cells, and shows synergy with taxanes in tumor models. Following completion of a phase II trial of elesclomol in combination with paclitaxel that met its primary end point of progression-free survival (PFS), this randomized, double-blind, controlled phase III study was conducted to confirm the efficacy and tolerability of elesclomol in combination with paclitaxel versus paclitaxel alone in patients with advanced melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with stage IV chemotherapy-naive melanoma (n = 651) were randomly assigned 1:1 to paclitaxel 80 mg/m(2) either alone or in combination with elesclomol 213 mg/m(2) administered weekly for 3 weeks of a 4-week cycle. Patients were stratified by prior systemic treatment, M1 subclass, and baseline lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. The primary end point was PFS. RESULTS The study did not achieve its PFS end point (hazard ratio, 0.89; P = .23). The study was stopped when an early overall survival data analysis indicated an imbalance in total deaths favoring paclitaxel, predominantly in patients with high LDH levels. A prospectively defined subgroup analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement in median PFS for the combination in patients with normal baseline LDH. CONCLUSION The addition of elesclomol to paclitaxel did not significantly improve PFS in unselected patients with advanced melanoma. The association between baseline LDH and clinical outcomes suggests that LDH may be a predictive factor for treatment with this combination, consistent with recent findings on the association between elesclomol anticancer activity and cellular metabolic state.
Non-Disjunction as Proof of the Chromosome Theory of Heredity (Concluded).

Page 107, line 11, for "cream" read "cream a "; for "whiting" read "dark and whiting"; and for "fawn" read "cream b ". Page 129, table 63, column 3, total, for "176" read "178". Page 130, table 66, pedigree 1155, under v, for "36" read "16
PERBANDINGAN SHALAT DAN LAKU MANEMBAH ALIRAN KEBATINAN PANGESTU DAN SUMARAH

Adherents of Islam on Java community can be distinguished by the adherents of Islam who are santri or abangan. Muslim santri are adherents of Islam are actually based on the Koran, while the abangan Islam is a follower of Islam that unites the elements of local cultural beliefs and previous pre-Hindu, Hindu Islamic beliefs. Adherents of this syncretic Islam due to the influence and dynamism animissme ancestor’s life and under the influence of Hinduism who entered the archipelago before the arrival of Islam.
Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in diabetic patients is associated with microalbuminuria.

AIM To investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) seropositivity and the presence of microalbuminuria. METHODS Between December 2003 and February 2010, asymptomatic individuals who visited the Seoul National University Healthcare System Gangnam Center for a routine check-up and underwent tests for H. pylori immunoglobulin G antibodies and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) were included. All study subjects completed a structured questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests. Anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G was identified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. A random single-void urine sample, collected using a clean-catch technique, was obtained to determine the UACR. The presence of microalbuminuria was defined as a UACR from 30 to 300 μg/mg. The presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was defined as either a fasting serum glucose level greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL or taking anti-diabetic medication. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors. The dependent variable was microalbuminuria, and the independent variables were the other study variables. RESULTS A total of 2716 subjects (male, 71.8%; mean age, 54.9 years) were included. Among them, 224 subjects (8.2%) had microalbuminuria and 324 subjects (11.9%) had been diagnosed with DM. Subjects with microalbuminuria had a significantly higher H. pylori seropositivity rate than subjects without microalbuminuria (60.7% vs 52.8%, P = 0.024). Multivariate analysis after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and glucose and triglyceride levels showed that H. pylori seropositivity was significantly associated with microalbuminuria [odds ratio (OR), 1.40, 95% CI, 1.05-1.89, P = 0.024]. After the data were stratified into cohorts by glucose levels (≤ 100 mg/dL, 100 mg/dL < glucose < 126 mg/dL, and ≥ 126 mg/dL or history of DM), H. pylori seropositivity was found to be significantly associated with microalbuminuria in diabetic subjects after adjusting for age, BMI and serum creatinine level (OR, 2.21, 95% CI, 1.20-4.08, P = 0.011). In addition, the subjects were divided into five groups. Those without microalbuminuria (an UACR of < 30 μg/mg) were divided into four groups in accordance with their UACR values, and subjects with microalbuminuria comprised their own group. Notably, H. pylori seropositivity gradually increased with an increase in UACR (P = 0.001) and was highest in subjects with microalbuminuria (OR, 2.41, 95% CI, 1.14-5.11). This suggests that H. pylori seropositivity is positively associated with microalbuminuria in diabetic subjects. CONCLUSION H. pylori seropositivity was independently associated with microalbuminuria, and the prevalence of H. pylori seropositivity was associated with the severity of UACR in diabetic subjects.