Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wind-induced upwellings and currents in the gulfs of patras, nafpaktos and korinthos, western greece

With the use of 152 NOAA-6 and NOAA-7 satellite infrared images taken over the gulfs of Patras, Nafpaktos and Kqrinthos in Western Greece, a relatively complete description of sea surface temperature features and their evolution in time is obtained for these three marine basins. The satellite data, discussed in the light of recent theories on wind-induced marine upwellings near capes (Crépon and Richez, 1982 and Crépon et al., 1984), allow us to provide a general picture of wind-induced movements and upwellings.
Gabaergic system role in aqueous extract of Valeriana officinalis L. root on PTZ-induced clonic seizure threshold in mice

Pharmacognosy studies have shown that Valeriana officinalis L. roots containing significant amounts of free amino acids such as GABA and other substances like valeric acid and isovalerate. In this study, anticonvulsant effects of V. officinalis (VO) roots aqueous extract, using standard methods of chemical seizure caused by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in mice was assessed. To evaluate mechanisms involved in VO anticonvulsant effects, diazepam and flumazenil were used. After determining the seizure threshold in the control group, different doses of VO (0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/kg) were intraperitoneally (IP) administered and their effects on the threshold of PTZ-induced seizure were studied. Diazepam (1, 2 and 3 mg/kg) and flumazenil (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally and the seizure threshold was determined, after which the different doses of the VO drugs were evaluated. The results showed that PTZ-induced seizure threshold in control mice was 35.52 ± 0.87 mg/kg. VO and diazepam were increased and flumazenil were decreased the threshold of PTZ-induced seizure. Also results showed that diazepam and flumazenil, respectively increase and decrease the effect of VO on PTZ-induced seizure. Changes in seizure threshold in this study indicate that probably the mechanism of VO anticonvulsant effects is due to the inhibitory GABA system, but this issue needs further investigations. Key words: Valeriana officinalis, root, diazepam, flumazenil, PTZ, clonic seizure threshold.
Si iv COLUMN DENSITIES PREDICTED FROM NON-EQUILIBRIUM IONIZATION SIMULATIONS OF TURBULENT MIXING LAYERS AND HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUDS

We present predictions of the Si iv ions in turbulent mixing layers (TMLs) between hot and cool gas and in cool high-velocity clouds (HVCs) that travel through a hot halo, complementing the C iv, N v, and O vi predictions in Kwak & Shelton, Kwak et al., and Henley et al. We find that the Si iv ions are most abundant in regions where the hot and cool gases first begin to mix or where the mixed gas has cooled significantly. The predicted column densities of high velocity Si iv and the predicted ratios of Si iv to C iv and O vi found on individual sightlines in our HVC simulations are in good agreement with observations of high velocity gas. Low velocity Si iv is also seen in the simulations, as a result of decelerated gas in the case of the HVC simulations and when looking along directions that pass perpendicular to the direction of motion in the TML simulations. The ratios of low velocity Si iv to C iv and O vi in the TML simulations are in good agreement with those recorded for Milky Way halo gas, while the ratio of Si iv to O vi from the decelerated gas in the HVC simulations is lower than that observed at normal velocity in the Milky Way halo. We attribute the shortfall of normal velocity Si iv to not having modeled the effects of photoionization and, following Henley et al., consider a composite model that includes decelerated HVC gas, supernova remnants, galactic fountain gas, and the effect of photoionization.
Hypoglycemic indices of Vernonia amygdalina on postprandial blood glucose concentration of healthy humans

This clinical study was aimed at investigating the effect of Vernonia amygdalina on postprandial blood glucose concentration of healthy human subjects. Proximate analysis indicated that this vegetable contained fiber, which is a non-soluble polysaccharide (NSP). The effect of the vegetable was compared with that of another indigenous vegetable also identified to be taken by diabetic patients, Gongronema latifolium. A-50 g glucose was used for standard glucose tolerance test of each subject. The values were used to compare other test results. The blood glucose concentration of the subjects was determined (post absorptively) using Accu-chek active glucometer. The vegetables (50 g each) were processed and administered by squeeze-wash-drink and chew-raw to the subjects who also served as their own controls (n 8, Vernonia; n 8,Gongronema) on separate days in randomized order. Blood glucose levels were checked at fasting (0 min) and postprandially at 30 min intervals for 2 h. Compared with the other vegetable, V.amygdalina elicited significant reductions (P<0.05) in blood glucose levels at most postprandial time points and for area-under-curve (AUC) values: AUC reductions; Vernonia, 15%; Gongronema, 13%. The bioactive antioxidant substances which occur naturally in stems, roots, and leaves of these vegetables may possess insulin-like effect. Key words: Diabetes dietary management, Vernonia amygdalina, carbohydrate metabolism, postprandial blood glucose.
A JUXTAPOSITION OF TAX EXPENDITURES AND DIRECT EXPENDITURES: CASE STUDY OF THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR OF PAKISTAN

Augmentation of investment is a primary goal for any government. To attain that objective it can resort to either tax or direct expenditures. In order to analyze which is a more efficient method in the case of Pakistan, the current study uses data from the country? s Manufacturing Sector. The time series data set since 1972 to 2013 is used. Bounds testing approach to cointegration used in the structure of Autoregressive Distributed Lag is employed for understanding the behavior of the different variables, applying Neo-Classical Investment theory. The results show the importance of tax expenditure policy, in the short run, through the cost of capital, as a determinant to boost private investment in the economy, under circumstances of low inflation. On the other hand, in high inflation periods, the direct expenditure is found to be more potent. The empirical evidence shows a strong role of direct expenditure in influencing both the short-run and the long-run behavior of investment in the economy.
The tempo of climate change during Dansgaard‐Oeschger interstadials and its potential to affect the manifestation of the 1470‐year climate cycle

The oxygen‐isotope record from the GISP2 ice core serves a air‐temperature proxy to estimate cooling rates during Dansgaard‐Oeschger interstadials between 15–53 thousand years before present. The duration of individual Dansgaard‐Oeschger interstadials scales inversely with the cooling rate and high cooling rates are associated with large continental ice volume and vice versa. Cooling rates determine the extent to which the postulated 1470‐year pacing cycle of the Dansgaard‐Oeschger interstadials is visible in paleoclimatological records: Only cooling rates associated with intermediate ice volume (approx. −84 ± 20 m relative sea‐level equivalent) allow the climate system to respond to succeeding trigger events of the 1470‐year cycle and result in stadials/interstadials of nearly the same duration.
Draft Relative effects of biotic and abiotic factors during early life history on recruitment dynamics : A case study

Journal: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Manuscript ID cjfas-2016-0155.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the Author: 30-Aug-2016 Complete List of Authors: Zhang, Fan; University of Guelph, Integrative Biology Reid, Kevin; University of Guelph, Department of Integrative Biology; Ontario Commercial Fisheries' Association, Nudds, Thomas; University of Guelph, Department of Integrative Biology
APPROXIMATE DOUBLE COMMUTANTS IN VON NEUMANN ALGEBRAS AND C*-ALGEBRAS

Richard Kadison showed that not every commutative von Neumann subalgebra of a factor von Neumann algebra is equal to its relative double commutant. We prove that every commutative C*-subalgebra of a centrally prime C*-algebra B equals its relative approximate double commutant. If B is a von Neumann algebra, there is a related distance formula.
N-MANAGEMENT AND CROP ROTATION EFFECTS ON YIELD AND RESIDUAL SOIL NITRATE LEVELS1

Swine production facilities are becoming more concentrated in Iowa, and public is concerned about the impact of using swine manure for crop production on soil and water quality. This field study was conducted from 1996 to 1998 to compare the effects of liquid swine manure and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) application on crop yield and residual soil nitrate for continuous corn (Zea mays L.) and corn-soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ) rotation systems. Six N management treatments were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design at Iowa State University's northeastern research center in Nashua, Iowa. Injected UAN provided 135 kg N ha−1 to continuous corn and 110 kg N ha−1 to corn grown in rotation with soybean. The 3-year average amount of N from swine manure was 123 kg ha−1 for continuous corn and 97 kg ha−1 for rotated corn. The average grain yield for continuous corn for UAN and manure treatments (7.8 vs. 7.5 Mg ha−1, respectively) was not significantly (P = 0.05) different. Corn yields from plots rotated with soybean were significantly different, averaging 9.4 and 8.9 Mg ha−1 for UAN and manure plots, respectively. Similarly, rotation effects reduced the residual soil nitrate by 25% (18 vs. 24 kg-N ha−1) and 33% (20 vs. 30 kg-N ha−1) under UAN and manure N-management systems, respectively, compared with continuous corn plots. The plots fertilized with swine manure also showed greater average levels of residual soil nitrate over winter months (12 vs. 5 kg-N ha−1) compared with UAN-fertilized plots. The results of this study suggest that using swine manure as a nitrogen supplement results in greater residual soil nitrate without increasing corn grain yield, compared with UAN-application, and can, therefore, build up excessive nitrate amounts in the root zone causing increased potential for NO3-N leaching to groundwater.
Correlation Analysis between AOD and Cloud Parameters to Study Their Relationship over China Using MODIS Data (2003-2013): Impact on Cloud Formation and Climate Change

In the present study, we examined the spatial and temporal variations in aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm and its relationship with various cloud parameters derived from the Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor onboard Terra satellite. The data have been analyzed for the period of 10-years between March 2003 and February 2013 over 12 major cities in China. The results revealed that high AOD noticed over low latitude regions influenced with high anthropogenic activities and the low AOD observed for the high altitude and mountainous areas, since AOD accounts for the slant path which reduces the aerosol emissions. In addition, the aerosol variations in the atmosphere are complicated by several factors in emissions (natural and anthropogenic) as well as stagnant synoptic meteorology. From the temporal studies, it is clear that the maximum AOD was found during summer followed by spring and autumn with a minimum AOD in winter season for all the regions of study in China. Furthermore, we studied the relationship between AOD versus water vapor (WV), cloud fraction (CF), cloud optical thickness (COT), cloud effective radius (CER), cloud top pressure (CTP), and cloud top temperature (CTT) for the selected regions in China. Additionally, regression analysis and one paired student’s t-Test were applied to represent the probability of data significant at 95% confidence for the derived AOD values and cloud parameters in order to provide a better understanding of aerosol-cloud interaction.
Community-based Mangrove Forest Management in Association with Sustainable Tourism in Puerto Princesa City of the Philippines

Puerto Princesa City in Palawan, the Philippines, is known as the “City in the Forest. ” Former Mayor Edward Hagedorn’s vision was “To see Puerto Princesa as a model city in sustainable development. ” The objective of this study was to describe, using selected case studies, how community-based sustainable tourism is effectively practiced while protecting and rehabilitating mangroves in Puerto Princesa City. In this study, both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used as a mixed methodology. Primary and sometimes secondary data were gathered through interviews, case studies, observation, photography, focus groups, and surveys. Photography was used as a method to document qualitative information. Participatory research methods were used throughout the study, while observations and video recording were used to document findings. Three Community Based Sustainable Tourism (CBST) case studies were selected and discussed, as follows: “San Carlos Floating Restaurant,” “Sabang Mangrove Paddleboat Tour” and “Firefly Watch in Iwahig Mangrove Forest. ” In addition to the case studies of these attractions, the annually conducted "Love Affair with Nature" mangrove planting project is also discussed in brief. A study conducted by the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD) in 2005 shows that mangrove forest cover in Puerto Princesa has increased compared in 1992.
Investigation of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and organizational citizenship behavior: a research

In this study, the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and employee perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is investigated within a model. The aim of the research is to examine the effect of CSR activities on the organizational citizenship behaviors of the employees in different sectors such as pharmacy, fast-moving consumer and banking. There is a lack of study in the literature which examines the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and employee perceptions of corporate social responsibility so this research has importance both in theoretical and empirical results by also connecting different disciplines. In this research, two scales are used to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). First scale developed by Carroll (1991) is used to determine CSR activities of organizations and the OCB scale developed by Basim and Şesen (2006) is used to determine the perceptions of employees with the five dimensions of Organ. Demographic variables also had been included to these scales and the questionnaires were sent to the employees. Data gained from the questionnaire are analyzed with related statistical analysis.
Car Crashes without Cars: Lessons about Simulation Technology and Organizational Change from Automotive Design

Every workday we wrestle with cumbersome and unintuitive technologies. Our response is usually "That's just the way it is. " Even technology designers and workplace managers believe that certain technological changes are inevitable and that they will bring specific, unavoidable organizational changes. In this book, Paul Leonardi offers a new conceptual framework for understanding why technologies and organizations change as they do and why people think those changes had to occur as they did. He argues that technologies and the organizations in which they are developed and used are not separate entities; rather, they are made up of the same building blocks: social agency and material agency. Over time, social agency and material agency become imbricated--gradually interlocked--in ways that produce some changes we call "technological" and others we call "organizational. " Drawing on a detailed field study of engineers at a U.S. auto company, Leonardi shows that as the engineers developed and used a a new computer-based simulation technology for automotive design, they chose to change how their work was organized, which then brought new changes to the technology.Each imbrication of the social and the material obscured the actors' previous choices, making the resulting technological and organizational structures appear as if they were inevitable. Leonardi suggests that treating organizing as a process of sociomaterial imbrication allows us to recognize and act on the flexibility of information technologies and to create more effective work organizations.
Enhancing learning of geography: A focus on video use

Prevailing poor performance by students in examination and misconception they hold about some topics in Geography have aroused concern in educational field on the cause and need to alleviate the situation. Conventional approach which is widely used need to be integrated with technological innovations in teaching to alleviate the situation of low enrolment and conform to expected national quality and standard in Geography. The Homa Bay district Mean Standard Score of 6 C+ has been recorded for the last four years and low enrolment as students tend to shy away from the subject. The main objective was to investigate if video can enhance learning. Cohun’s and Edgar’s theories on hearing, sight and learning experience arranged in hierarchy informed this study. The study adopted Experimental research design involving pre test-post test control group design. The target population was provincial schools in Homa Bay district. The sample size was 194.Stratified random sampling procedure was used to obtain four schools. The experimental group was exposed to video for three weeks and the control group was exposed to conventional teaching for the same duration. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to collect data. Post-test was administered to all students and questionnaire to all respondents. Data was analyzed through use of inferential statistics which were t-test and Chi-square. Descriptive statistics that involved means, frequencies, percentages and standard deviation were also used. Hypothesis was rejected at significant level of 0.05. The results of the study show that use of video in teaching enhanced learning achievement. It was established that video motivates, enhance understanding, retention and participation. The findings of this study have created awareness and need for integrating video in teaching and learning for improved performance in Geography. The following recommendations were made. Use of video be supported at policy level, Geography curriculum to embrace ICT, teachers to be equipped with skills and knowledge they need to use video.
THE EFFECTS OF PRE-EVENT, LOWER LIMB MASSAGE ON AN ATHLETE’S PERFORMANCE DURING AN 800 METER DISTANCE

To include: collation of information and ideas and evaluation of those ideas relative to the extant literature/concept/theory and research question/problem; adoption of a personal position on the study by linking and combining different elements of the data reported; discussion of the real-life impact of your research findings for coaches and/or practitioners (i.e. practical implications); discussion of the limitations and a critical reflection of the approach/process adopted; and indication of potential improvements and future developments building on the study; and a conclusion which summarises the relationship between the research question and the major findings.
Employment adjustment and financial constraints: Evidence from firm-level data

Firms adjust their employment to changes in output. But they tend to adjust it only partially. Typically, labor is hoarded in downturns and subsequently rms have to hire less in upturns. Investment in labor hoarding may therefore be in uenced by factors that impede investments, such as nancial constraints. Using rm-level data, we show that nancial constraints increase the sensitivity of employment to uctuations in output considerably. When output changes, nancially constrained rms resize their labor force substantially more than rms that have abundant funding. Limited internal funding opportunities turn out to be just as important as the reduced access to external nance. The strongest impact, however, is observed when internal and external constraints occur jointly. In that case, rms lay o two-and-a-half times more employees than unconstrained rms. The amplifying eect of nancial constraints is similar in upturns and downturns, implying that nancially constrained rms not only reduce their workforce more when demand decreases, but they also hire more labor when demand increases.
Pelvic organ prolapse quantification system: to valsalva or not to valsalva while measuring genital hiatus (GH) and perineal body (PB)

Background: It is a study to determine whether or not, the widening of GH and PB with valsalva is evidence of pelvic floor dysfunction, and by the logic should the values in POPQ staging, be taken at valsalva or at rest. Methods: Prospective 2 arm cohort study. However, the analysis of various risk factors for prolapse was done in a case control study manner. Results: As compared to women without prolapse, in patients with POP, the dimensions of GH and PB are higher. Also, the increase in their dimensions with valsalva is more in prolapse cases. So valsalving while measurement of GH and PB would give a better idea of pelvic floor dysfunction. Conclusions: The study shows association between the severity of urinary problems and degree of prolapse. Measurements of POPQ when taken during valsalva, tend to give a better picture of levator dysfunction in prolapse patients.
Impact of Environmental Uncertainty and Organizational

Today, ERP is used to help most of firms processing volumes of information under more uncertainty and more competitive environments. This study aims to investigate how ERP performance is affected under the environmental uncertainty. Using organizational information processing theory (OIPT), we propose that environmental uncertainty affects organizational context, which in turn influence ERP overall benefits. A subunit (such as manufacturing plant or different functional department) level survey is used to collect data. The partial least squares technique indicates that environmental uncertainty has a positive impact on organizational context. Organizational context has a direct and mediating impact on ERP overall benefits. The paper concludes with discussions and Implications for both researchers and practitioners.
Studies on Cytospora canker disease of apple trees in Semirom region of Iran

Identification of the fungal species associated with Cytospora cankers of apple trees in the Semirom region of Isfahan Province, Iran, was established. One-hundred and fourteen isolates belonging to different species of this group of fungi were isolated and identified. Identification was based on morphological characteristics including; size of stromata, the color, shape and size of discs, the number of ostioles per disc, the presence or absence of a conceptacle, number and arrangement type of locules, size and shape of conidiophores, size of conidia, The teleomorphs including; the size of ascomata, the number and size of perithecia, the size of asci and ascospores were all considered. Six species belonging to three genera were associated with cytospora canker disease of apple trees in Semirom region, Iran which comprised of Cytospora cincta, C. schulzeri, C. leucostoma, C. chrysosperma, Valsa malicola and Leucostoma cinctum.