Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STUDY THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF STRESS ON SOME BLOOD CONSTITUENTS AND PLASMA BIOCHAMICALS IN MALE RATS

The objective of this work was to determine and compare the physiological changes in some: blood components (packed cell volume and hemoglobin) and plasma biochemical parameters (glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol and triglycerides) under 3 day of different types of stress: water deprivation, starvation, overcrowding and handling stress. Twenty five male Wister rats weighted 100-120 gm, were divided randomly into five groups: control, water deprivation, starvation, overcrowding and handling stress. On the third day of stress the animals anesthetized for blood collection; the results of blood component revealed a significant increase in PCV and a significant decrease in Hb of water deprivation group and starvation group respectively. The biochemical changes showed a significant elevation in glucose concentration of starved rats; also there was a significant increase in total proteins of starved rats and overcrowding group, beside there was a significant increase in albumin concentration of water deprivation group, finally the cholesterol and triglycerides showed a significant increase in starved rats. In conclusion the starved rats showed more changes in blood and biochemical parameters followed by water deprivation group, overcrowded and handling stress respectively.
Effect of Bacteriocin on Soft Cheese

This study was carried out to produce soft cheese Ricotta at various concentrations (0.1 ,0.2 ,0.3 gm./kg buffalo milk ) of nisin as bio-preservative to extend the shelf life of cheese. The effect of nisin on physo-chemical , rheological, microbial and sensory evaluation were studied. Addition of nisin reduced the development of acidity and microbial count during storage periods. The sensory properties of Ricotta cheese improved with the addition of 0.2 and 0.3 gm. of nisin than 0.1gm and control samples during storage periods. The cheese samples fortified with nisin gained higher scores than control samples. Addition of 0.2 and 0.3 gm. of nisin to increase the shelf life and used as a natural food preservative of Ricotta cheese can be recommended without any adverse effect on the properties of the obtained product.
Identification and characterization of ice nucleation active bacteria isolated from precipitation

Since the 1970s, a growing body of research has suggested that bacteria play an active role in precipitation. These bacteria are capable of catalyzing the formation of ice at relatively warm temperatures utilizing a specific protein family which aids in the binding of water molecules. However, the overall biodiversity, concentration, and relationship of ice nucleation active (ice+) bacteria with air mass trajectories and precipitation chemistry is not well studied. Precipitation events were collected over 15 months in Blacksburg, VA and ice+ bacteria were isolated from these samples. From these samples, 33,134 total isolates were screened for ice nucleation activity (INA) at −8 °C. A total of 593 of these isolated positively confirmed for INA at the same temperature in subsequent tests. The precipitation events had a mean concentration of 384±147 colony forming units per liter. While the majority of confirmed ice+ bacteria belonged to the gammaproteobacteria, a well-studied class of bacteria, including ice+ species of Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Xanthomonas, two isolates were identified as Lysinibacillus, a Gram-positive member of the Firmicute phylum. These two isolates represent the first confirmed nongammaproteobacteria with INA. After further characterization, the two isolates of Lysinibacillus did not appear to use a protein to freeze water. Instead, the Lysinibacillus isolates used a secreted, nanometer-sized molecule that is heat, lysozyme, and proteinase resistant. In an attempt to identify the mechanism responsible for this activity, species type strains were tested for INA and UV mutants were generated to knock out the ice+ phenotype. Based on these results, only members of the species L. parviboronicapiens exhibit INA and the genes responsible for the activity may lie within a type-1 polyketide synthase/non-ribosomal peptide synthase gene cluster. This gene cluster is absent from the genomes of all non-ice+ strains of Lysinibacillus, and contains mutations in five of the nine ice nucleation inactive mutants generated from the rain isolated strain. To better understand the phylogenetic relationship among ice+ Lysinibacillus, a comprehensive reference guide was compiled to provide the most up-to-date information regarding the genus and each of its species. This reference will be available to other researchers investigating Lysinibacillus species or other closely related genera. Identification and characterization of ice nucleation active bacteria isolated from precipitation
SIMPLE AND RAPID METHOD FOR ISOLATING ANTHOCYANIN FROM WILD MULBERRY (MORUS NIGRA L.)

Wild mulberry (Morus nigra L.) is a kind of berries that has a high content of anthocyanin pigment. Anthocyanin is a natural pigment that has good biological activity so that widely be used as both food and drug ingredients. There are many studies conducted that have isolation anthocyanin from mulberry extract, but most of them used various expensive methods and the process included several steps that make them not cost-effective nor time-efficient. This research was conducted in order to do an isolation of anthocyanin from wild mulberry through a single step. The extraction of compounds was done by maceration and the isolation was done by thin layer chromatography method. The isolation product was identified with reagents, consisting of ferric chloride and sodium hydroxide, and with spectrophotometry methods, consisting of UV-Vis and infrared spectrophotometry. As result, this research was able to isolate anthocyanin from wild mulberry fruit by thin layer chromatography method. The identification with spectrophotometry methods indicated that the isolated compound hypothetically was anthocyanidin-3-O-rutinoside.
Suppression of CD81 promotes bladder cancer cell invasion through increased matrix metalloproteinase expression via extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation

Purpose CD81 is a prognostic biomarker for high-grade bladder cancer (BC). In this study, we aimed to determine the functional mechanisms underlying the role of CD81 in BC progression. Materials and Methods In two invasive BC cell lines (T24, J82), CD81 expression was suppressed by the transfection of lentiviral vectors including CD81-specific shRNAs, and then the migration and invasion of BC cells was analyzed. Enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was also analyzed by collagen-zymography. The expression of MMPs was confirmed by western blotting using culture supernatants from each cell line. Signaling pathways related to MMPs were investigated using various antibodies. Results CD81 was successfully knocked down by shRNAs in T24 and J82 cell lines. While the migration of BC cells was not affected after the knockdown of CD81, the invasive activity was significantly increased in both cell lines. Zymography produced distinct bands using supernatants from CD81-knockdown cells, whereas only faint bands were observed with empty vector-transfected cells. We also observed an increased expression of MMPs, specifically MMP2 and 9, in the conditioned media from CD81-knockdown cells by western blotting. Mechanistically, the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was associated with the invasive activity of BC cells, while U0126 (an ERK inhibitor) reduced the invasive activity of CD81-knockdown BC cells. Conclusions Taken together, CD81 suppression promotes the invasive property of BC cells through MMP signaling via ERK phosphorylation. Our results suggest that the regulation of CD81 expression may have some therapeutic potential in BC.
Recent progress in radon-based monitoring as seismic and volcanic precursor: A critical review

Abstract Prediction of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions has concerned researchers for many decades. Several precursors (e.g. seismic, geodetic, geochemical, geological, atmospheric/ionospheric, geomagnetic, electrical) have been observed shortly before an earthquake or volcanic event. However, no precursor, that can accurately be used for forecasting, has yet been discovered due to the involvement of several complex overlapping and interacting physical and chemical processes. In particular, the non-linearity of actual eruptions or quakes implies a high statistical uncertainty about location of measurement devices. Among geochemical precursors, radon gas in groundwater and soil is considered a notable precursor, used to detect chemical and physical changes during the generation of earthquakes and volcanic events. This article critically reviews progress in radon-based monitoring from the year 2000 onwards and catalogs anomalous radon variations found in groundwater and soils. A future deployment of large sensor networks of 1000–10,000 detectors for radon and also thoron detection would bring a shift in paradigm with respect to long-term earthquake and volcanic monitoring. Such a dense network would enable rapid and precise measurements of radon over large areas resulting in establishing significant and relevant statistical data. Graphical Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE TEMPERATURE EFFECTS OF VIRTUAL REALITY

The purpose of this study was to examine whether we could manipulate an individual’s body temperature by immersing them in a virtual environment. Virtual reality (VR) involves digital environment immersion of individuals and their movements into a digital space designed to simulate a real environment. The goal of VR is to give the perception that people are actively interacting with the virtual environment. The present study examined the effects of VR on participants in two conditions: the experimental condition of a snowy blizzard environment and the control condition of a temperate forest environment. It was hypothesized that participants would experience an objective surface temperature decrease as well as a subjective body temperature decrease in the experimental condition. Results revealed no significant objective change in surface temperature. For the subjective measure, a main effect was observed for time, which was modified by an interaction between time and condition. Participants showed a significant perceived temperature change through the subjective measure. Overall, these results suggest VR can have an effect on peoples’ perception of temperature, indicating usefulness in clinical settings where it is desired to create a mental effect.
Early Childhood Educators’ Attitudes towards Use of Educational Media in Young Children’s Learning in Australia

This paper examined early childhood educators’ attitudes towards the use of educational media in young children’s learning in child care centres in Australia. This study firstly investigated what educational media are currently used in child care centres in Australia. Then a questionnaire was administrated to twenty early childhood educators in three child care centres to explore their attitudes towards the use of educational centres in child care centres. The major findings include a) children were provided access to some media devices such as television, DVD player, computer, Internet and Smartboard in child care centres; b) educators thought the use of educational media could be used to teach literacy, numeracy, science, art and physical education, and c) educators agreed the use of educational media could be used within children’s five domains of development, which include cognitive development, gross motor skills development, fine motor skills development, language development, and social development. Early childhood educators and parents of young children will find this paper useful in understanding early childhood educators and their use of educational media in educational settings in Australia.
Optimasi Pembuatan Plastik Biodegradable dari Pati Kulit Singkong dengan Penambahan Asam Sitrat Sebagai Crosslinking Agent

Cassava’s bark is a agroindustry wasted which rare being used. The starch content in it can be used as a raw material production of biodegradable plastic. Biodegradable plastic is thin layer which functioned as coating and food packaging. This research aims to learn operational condition of biodegradable plastic making with cassava’s bark starch with addition of carrageenan and citric acid as crosslinking agent. Research methods consist of three processes, 1) starch making from cassava’s bark, 2) biodegradable plastic making with various addition of carrageenan and 3) biodegradable plastic making with various addition of citric acid 1%. Result analytic conducted as starch content, water content, tensile strength, swelling, sample packaging in a tomato, and biodegradation. The results shown that cassava’s bark contained 5.97% starch and 11.13% water. The results with addition of carrageenan attained biodegradable plastic which tensile strength values 2.0655 MPa, elongations 30.81%, and swelling 76.32%. The results with addition of citric acid 1% attained biodegradable plastic which tensile strength values 2.1208 MPa, elongations 32.22% and swelling in 75%. Packaging test in a tomato could endure it for eight days from damage by microbes. Biodegradation test shown that the biodegradable plastic could decompose after 67 days.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF GUAVA AND POMEGRANATE LEAVES ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS

Green leaves are rich in compounds that have a wide range of biological functions, including antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The first goal was chosen guava leaves and pomegranate leaves were the work of the extract ethanolic 70% and evaluate the antioxidant has been used five tests to assess antioxidant and these tests are (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Total phenolic content (TPC), radical scavenging activity, 2,2-azinobis-3ethyl benxothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) cation decolorization activity, and reducing power) were measure and to estimate the antimicrobial was chosen four types of microbes Microorganism They (Salmonella enterico, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis) were evaluated using agar well diffusion and broth-microdilution tests. Among all leaves extracts guava (Psidium guajaua) and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) exhibited outstanding antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and the influence of these extracts was investigated at levels of 0.1% and 0.5% (w/w) concentrations on lipid oxidation and microbial criteria in raw beef patties and during storage at 4C for 12 days compered with butylaed hydroxytoluene (BHT). Color was measured and tested thiobarbituric throughout the storage period of 12 days as Checked microbial measuring and comparing microbial compound that BHT. The results were obtained by a ratio of phenolic compounds in guava and pomegranate extract (22.65 22.87 mg / g), respectively, and the proportion of activity antioxidant was (8.80 19.08) extract of guava extract pomegranate respectively Overall the extract from pomegranate papers had a clear impact antioxidant and also antimicrobial compared extract of guava leaves
궤양성 대장염 활성도 평가에서 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate과 C-reactive Protein의 유용성 비교

목적: 임상에서 질병 활성도를 객관적으로 평가하기 위해 흔히 사용하는 Truelove & Witts의 활성도 분류는 염증의 지표로 검사실 소견 중 erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)를 사용하고 있으나, C-reactive protein (CRP)도 염증의 지표로 자주 사용하고 있다. 저자들은 임상에서 궤양성 대장염 환자의 추적 검사 중 ESR과 CRP가 일치하지 않는 경우를 드물지 않게 경험하여 두 검사실 소견 중 어느 것이 환자들이 보고하는 임상 증상과 잘 일치하는지 알아보기 위해 후향 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 궤양성 대장염으로 진단되어 추적 관찰 중인 155명의 환자(541 회의 임상 증상 평가)를 대상으로 환자들의 의무기록을 조사하여 진단 당시의 질환 범위, 이환 기간과 환자들이 기록하는 임상 증상 설문지를 통해 배변 횟수, 혈변의 정도, 긴박감, 전신상태, 복통, 발열, 식욕부진, 구역, 구토 유무를 확인하였다. 그리고 검사실 소견으로 ESR, CRP, 백혈구, 혈색소, 알부민, 혈소판을 확인하였다. 상관 분석은 Pearson`s correlation coefficient를 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 전체 155명 환자, 541회 평가에서 ESR과 CRP의 Pearson`s correlation coefficient가 0.403 (p=0.000)으로 높은 상관성을 보였고, 임상 증상과 ESR과 CRP의 각각의 Pearson`s correlation coefficient는 0.376, 0.258 이었다. 질병 활성도가 중증인 경우 correlation coefficient는 ESR 0.629, CRP 0. 516으로 질병 활성도가 높을수록 임상 증상 정도를 ESR과 CRP가 잘 반영하였다. 총 131예(24.2%)에서 ESR과 CRP의 불일치를 보였으며, ESR과CRP의 correlation coefficient는 각각 0.338, 0. 034이었다. 불일치군을 high ESR/low CRP군과 low ESR/high CRP군으로 구분하여 임상 증상과의 상관성을 보았을 때 high ESR/low CRP군에서는 correlation coefficient가 ESR 0.420, CRP 0. 226으로 ESR과 더 잘 일치되었고, low ESR/high CRP군에서도 correlation coefficient가 ESR 0.333 (p=0.038), CRP 0.068 (p＞0.01)로 ESR이 임상 증상과 더 잘 일치하였다. 결론: 궤양성 대장염 환자의 질병 활성도를 평가하는 경우 ESR이 더 유용한 검사실 소견이었다. 특히 ESR과 CRP 상승이 차이를 보일 때는 ESR의 상승이 임상 증상을 더욱 잘 반영하였다.
Marketing Research: Methodological Foundations

This market leader has established itself as a classic through seven previous editions by presenting superior, balanced coverage of both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of marketing research. The six stages of the research process provide a solid framework to ensure the development of students’ conceptual and practical understanding of marketing research. It may be used for both upper-division undergraduate and graduate level courses.
ROI Analysis of the System Architecture Virtual Integration Initiative

the SAVI approach on the development of software-reliant systems for aircraft compared to existing development paradigms. It describes the results of a return-on-investment (ROI) analysis to determine the net present value (NPV) of the investment in the SAVI approach. The investment into the approach over the multi-year SAVI initiative by the different member companies was estimated to be $86M. Their investment covers the maturation, adaptation, and piloting of SAVI practices and technologies, and the transition of the approach into member companies. The analysis uses conservative estimates of costs and benefits to establish a lower bound on the ROI; less conservative figures yield higher economic gains. This study was performed in 2008-2009 in the context of a proof-of-concept virtual-integration study in the use of the SAE International standard named the Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL). The standard is a key element of the virtual system integration approach of SAVI and its effectiveness in early discovery of defects through analysis of AADL models of the embedded software systems.
Understanding the role of iron in biofilm formation, characterization, and viable but non-culturable state induction and resuscitation in Salmonella spp.

iii Lay Summary . v Preface . vi List of Tables . xi List of Figures . xii List of Abbreviations . xiii Acknowledgements . xv Dedication . xvi 1.0 Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Salmonella spp. 1 1.2 Cases of food-borne outbreaks of Salmonella on produce . 2 1.3 Preand post-harvest contamination of produce . 5 1.4 Mechanisms used by Salmonella spp. to persist on plants . 7 1.4. 1 Biofilms. 8 1.4. 2 Iron acquisition . 11 1.4. 3 VBNC state . 14 1.5 Methods used to investigate the ability of Salmonella spp. to persist on produce . 17 1.5. 1 Methods used to investigate biofilm formation . 17 1.5. 1.1 Crystal violet biofilm assay . 17 1.5. 1.2 Congo red and calcofluor plating . 18 1.5. 1.3 Motility plating . 19 1.5. 1.4 Cell surface hydrophobicity assay . 20 1.5. 1.5 Aggregation assay . 20 1.5. 1.6 Scanning electron microscopy . 21 1.5. 2 Methods used to investigate iron acquisition . 21 1.5. 2.1 Iron knockout mutants . 22 1.5. 3 Methods used to investigate the VBNC state . 23 1.5. 3.1 Live/dead BacLightTM staining . 24 1.5. 3.2 PMA qPCR . 24
Beyond instructed L2 grammar acquisition: Theoretical insights and pedagogical considerations about the role of prior language knowledge

The prior language knowledge of learners for whom the target language is not the first foreign language poses a different starting learning situation that should merit pedagogical attention. The present paper seeks to contribute to the question of which pedagogical considerations can be made in regard to the role of prior language knowledge beyond instructed L2 grammar acquisition. Moreover, it fills a significant gap expanding the limited existing pedagogical options that instructors have at their disposal when it comes to teaching in classrooms where one foreign language is simultaneously chronologically first to some and second to others. Starting with (combinations of) existing theoretical accounts and associated pedagogical aspects (such as explicit information, negative evidence, metalinguistic explanations, grammar consciousness raising, and input enhancement), a recently developed method (Hahn & Angelovska, 2017) is discussed. The method acknowledges equally the three phases of input, practice and output and is applicable in instructed L2 grammar acquisition and beyond.
Coupled Effect of Nano Silica and Steel Fiber on Fresh and Hardened Concrete Properties

The aim of this experimental study is to assess the combined effects of using nano silica (NS) and steel fibers (SF) on the workability of fresh concrete and mechanical properties of hardened concrete. NS is used as partial cement replacement by 1, 1.5, 2, and 4 wt. %, and SF is used as volume substitution by 0.45, 0.9, and 1.35 %. Slump, compressive strength at 7 and 28 days of age, modulus of elasticity and flexural strength are evaluated using different combinations between NS and SF. Thermo- gravimetric analysis (TGA) is provided for detecting changes in hydration material due to the addition of NS. Significant improvement in the mechanical properties of concrete on using NS and SF, addition of NS not only act as pozzolanic additive, but also as pore filling leading to reduces the pore size structure of concrete. Optimum content of NS is (1.5 - 2) wt. % improves compressive strength for samples with various SF content. On the other hand, it can be stated that more than 2 wt. % NS leads to decrease compressive strength as unreacted agglomerated nanoparticles are existed when large amount of NS are used. Utilizing 2 wt. % NS with 0.9 % SF leads to doubling the modulus of elasticity compared to samples without either NS or SF. Finally, Flexural strength is improved 87.7 % for samples of 2 wt. % NS and 1.35 % SF compared to samples without NS and SF. Keywords: Nano silica; Steel fiber; Mechanical properties; Thermal analysis
Blood oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes and muscle damage biomarkers changes during a competitive season in soccer players

O exercicio fisico induz aumento no consumo de oxigenio bem como na demanda energetica. O aumento no consumo de 0 2 induz aumento na producao de especies reativas de oxigenio (EROs). Dependendo da sua concentracao, as EROs reagem com estruturas celulares, oxidando-as. Altos niveis de oxidacao alteram sua funcao e prejudicam a homeostase intracelular. Jogadores de futebol aumentaram o desempenho de forma significativa nas ultimas decadas, pela intensificacao do processo de treinamento e melhoria das capacidades fisicas envolvidas na modalidade. Tal fato sugere um aumento na possibilidade destes atletas estarem mais susceptiveis ao ataque oxidativo de EROs, com consequente aumento nos niveis de estresse oxidativo. Por outro lado, o treinamento tambem age na modulacao dos sistemas antioxidantes intracelulares, aumentando sua capacidade de remover EROs. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o comportamento de marcadores sanguineos do sistema de defesa antioxidante, de ataque oxidativo, bem como dos niveis de alteracao muscular ao longo de cinco meses de campeonato paulista de um time de futebol, categoria sub-20. Nossos resultados mostram que as enzimas antioxidantes glutationa redutase e catalase atingiram picos de atividade em momentos distintos da temporada, sugerindo uma acao complementar entre elas. Os marcadores de estresse oxidativo e lesao muscular analisados nao mostraram alteracoes significativas ao longo do estudo. Esses dados sugerem que a capacidade de defesa antioxidante foi eficiente em tamponar o possivel aumento na producao de EROs induzido pelos treinamentos e jogos da competicao, impedindo a ocorrencia de lesoes musculares de origem oxidativa ao longo do campeonato