Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Typical Vs. Atypical Celiac Disease: Correlation of Duodenal Histology With Tissue Transglutaminase Levels

Background: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a 103 pediatric patient with coeliac disease. This study also aimed to determine the correlation of anti tTG level and the degree of mucosal damage in typical and atypical cases. Methods: The medical records of patients with newly diagnosed CD during the period of 2006 - 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 103 patients fulfilled the established CD diagnostic criteria (mean age: 6.6 years; mediana: 5 years). A typical CD presentation was observed for 66/103 ( 64 .1% ) children vs atypical 37/103 (35.9%). The levels of tTG antibody were correlated significantly with Marsh types in the entire population by Spearman rank correlation (r = 0.661, P < 0.0001), and separately for typical(r = 0.633, P < 0.001) and atypical (r = 0.574, P < 0.0001) groups. Histopathological evaluation of intestinal biopsies revealed total or subtotal VA in 44 patients (66.6%) in the typical group, and 24 patients (64.8%) in the atypical group. Partial VA was observed in 5 patients (7.5%) in the typical group and 1 (2.7%) patients in atypical group. There was no correlation of mode of presentation (typical and atypical) with the degree of villous atrophy by a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test Z = ­ -1.437, P = 0.151. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between tTG antibody serum level and duodenal histopathology in typical as in atypical pediatric CD. The degree of villous atrophy did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for typical simptoms in coeliac disease. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.4021/ijcp57w
Absolute Inequality and Violent Property Crime

Rational choice models argue that income inequality leads to a higher expected utility of crime and thus generates incentives to engage in illegal activities. Yet, the results of empirical studies do not provide strong support for this theory; in fact, Neumayer provides apparently strong evidence that income inequality is not a significant determinant of violent property crime rates when a representative sample is used and country specific fixed effects are controlled for. An important limitation of this and other empirical studies on the subject is that they only consider proportional income differences, even though in rational choice models absolute difference in legal and illegal incomes determine the expected utility of crime. Using the same methodology and data as Neumayer, but using absolute inequality measures rather than proportional ones, this paper finds that absolute income inequality is a statistically significant determinant of robbery and violent theft rates. This result is robust to changes in sample size and to different absolute inequality measures, which not only implies that inequality is an important correlate of violent property crime rates but also suggests that absolute measures are preferable when the impact of inequality on property crime is studied.
A Satellite Study of Tropical Moist Convection and Environmental Variability: A Moisture and Thermal Budget Analysis

Thethermodynamicvariabilityassociatedwithmoistconvectionovertropicaloceansisanalyzedbymaking use ofavarietyofsatellite sensors includingradars,an infraredandmicrowavesounderunit,andamicrowave radiometer and scatterometer aboard different platforms. Satellite measurements of atmospheric parameters including air temperature,watervapor, cumuluscloud cover,and surface wind are compositedwith respect to the temporal lead or lag from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)-detected convection to obtain statisticallycontinuous timeserieson hourlyto daily timescales.The Atmospheric InfraredSounder(AIRS)observed temperature and humidity profiles, representing cloud-cleared sounding, are combined with semitheoretical estimates of in-cloud temperature and humidity to construct the large-scale mean field. Those measurementsareingestedtothemoistureandthermalbudgetequationsintegratedverticallyovereachlayer separatedbycloudbase.Thisstrategymakesitpossibletoevaluatethefree-tropospheric(FT)convergenceof moisture and dry static energy andtheir verticalflux at cloud base from satellite observations alone. The main findings include the following: 1) vertical moisture transport at cloud base is the dominant source of FT moistening prior to isolated cumulus development while overwhelmed by horizontal moisture convergence for highly organized systems; 2) FT diabatic heating is largely offset on an instantaneous basis; and 3) FT moistening by convective eddies amounts to a half of the total cloud-base moisture flux in the background state, while large-scale mean updrafts modulate the variability of cloud-base flux when highly organized systems develop. The known correlation between congestus clouds and FT moisture before deep convection may be accounted for by large-scale mean moisture updraft rather than congestus eddy moistening.
THIS IS AN EARLIER VERSION OF THE MANUSCRIPT. FOR THE FINAL ONLINE PUBLISHED VERSION OF THE MANUSCRIPT PLESASE REFER TO: Pellicer-Sánchez, A. (2015). Incidental learning of L2 collocations: A classroom study. Language Teaching Research. Advance online publication: DOI: 10.1177/1362168815618428. Lea

Previous studies have shown that intentional learning through explicit instruction is effective for the acquisition of collocations in a second language (L2) (e.g. Peters, 2014, 2015), but relatively little is known about the effectiveness of incidental approaches for the acquisition of L2 collocations. The present study examined the incidental acquisition of collocational knowledge when learners encounter adjective-pseudoword collocations while reading. Forty-one L2 learners read a story containing six target collocations in a classroom setting. One week after the reading they were interviewed about their knowledge of the form, meaning and collocation of the target items (at recall and recognition levels). Participants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups, i.e. the 4-repetition group and the 8-repetition group. Results showed that collocational knowledge can be learnt incidentally from reading; that it is learnt at a similar rate to other lexical components such as form and meaning of individual words; and that the frequency manipulation in this study did not seem to have a significant effect on the acquisition of any of the aspects examined.
The Organization of Production: Evidence from the Aerospace Industry

THE interface between successive stages of production is frequently governed by contractual agreements, and the efficiency of such arrangements has been the subject of considerable attention in the economic literature. But production is organized administratively within firms as well as contractually between them, and given the practical limitations of bureaucratic organization, the relevant question can be seen to be not merely whether contractual deficiencies exist but how severe such deficiencies may be relative to the alternative costs of organizing production internally. The important issue from an institutional choice perspective thus becomes how the particular details of a transaction affect the differential efficiency of alternative organizational forms. Recent theoretical work has sought to identify such relationships. ' In particular, the choice between internal and external organization and, in the event of the latter, the choice of contract terms have been related to several critical parameters of the transaction. This paper presents some
Original Oral Text in Cultural and Natural Context: Riddles among the Walisoo Liiban Oromo

Dejene Gemechu (2014). Oral text in cultural and natural context: Riddles among the Walisoo Liiban Oromo. EJSSLS, 1(1), 41-62. This article dealt with riddles among the Walisoo Liiban Oromo. It aims at exploring the role of riddles in enhancing the observational, normative, memory, intellectual and entertainment skills in social and natural environments of the Waliso Oromo. Ethnographic methods of data gathering were employed in generating relevant data from primary and secondary sources. Interpretive approach was used to analyze data. The analysis showed that riddles among the Walisoo Liiban involve both social and natural phenomena. The items of riddles are presented mostly enigmatically and symbolically in line with the value system of the people and the physical character of the area. Riddles also involve analogy based on similarities in size, shape, color, structure, co-existence, status, and the like. Riddles are one of the mechanisms commonly used to instruct young people the knowledge of the nature, morals, the social behavior, and virtue essential for their future social success. The study concluded that riddles are still being used in educating children to have a good understanding of their social and physical environments. They are also adapted to the changing world. The study indicated the importance of contextualizing and accommodating riddles in school curriculum to make education affordable and enjoyable.
Space based microlensing planet searches

The discovery of extra-solar planets is arguably the most exciting development in astrophysics during the past 15 years, rivalled only by the detection of dark energy. Two projects unite the communities of exoplanet scientists and cosmologists: the proposed ESA M class mission EUCLID and the large space mission WFIRST, top ranked by the Astronomy 2010 Decadal Survey report. The later states that: "Space- based microlensing is the optimal approach to providing a true statistical census of planetary systems in the Galaxy, over a range of likely semi-major axes". They also add: "This census, combined with that made by the Kepler mission, will determine how common Earth-like planets are over a wide range of orbital parameters". We will present a status report of the results obtained by microlensing on exoplanets and the new objectives of the next generation of ground based wide field imager networks. We will finally discuss the fantastic prospect offered by space based microlensing at the horizon 2020-2025. 1. MICROLENSING PLANET HUNTING: WHERE ARE WE IN LATE 2012? The number of exoplanets discovered during the last fifteen years is now above 850 (and about 2300 candidates from Kepler), with a sharp increase in the last years. These discoveries have already challenged and revolutionized our theories of planet formation and dynamical evolution. Several methods have been used to find exoplanets: radial velocity, stellar transits, direct imaging, pulsar timing, transit timing, astrometry and gravitational microlensing. Gravitational microlensing is based on Einstein's theory of general relativity (Gould & Loeb, 1992): a massive object (the lens) will bend the light of a bright background object (the source). This can generate multiple distorted and magnified images of the source. At the scale of our galaxy, when the lens is a star and the background source is a star located in the Galactic Bulge, these images can not be resolved yet, but the brightness of the source is amplified. The source's apparent brightness varies as the alignment changes due to relative proper motion of the source with respect to the lens. Thus, a microlensing event is a transient phenomenon with a typical time scale of ∼ 20 √ M/Mdays and its brightness is monitored to study the event. If the lens is not a single star (i.e. a binary star or star with a planet), the companion will distort the gravitational lens creating regions of enhanced magnification (caustics), which introduce anomalies in the light curve, lasting for about a day for a Jupiter mass and less than two hours for an Earth mass planet.
on Term Structure

Domestic and foreign scholars on corporate bonds affine term structure models with varying degrees of research, the results is very rich. We can predict bond forward rates for Treasury bonds, the current yield term structure includes information of long-term maturity structure. For example, if a bond yield curve is steeper than usual, the long maturity bond yields will be reduced over time. This prediction depends only on the relationship between the yield time series behavior, it can extract more information from the current term structure, improve prediction. Research abroad Interest Rate Term Structure affine model are as follows.
Director Remuneration and Performance in Malaysia Family Firms: An Expropriation Matter?

This study examines the relationship between director remuneration and performance in Malaysia family firms. The proxies of director remuneration include fees, salary, bonuses, and benefits of kin. The proxy for family firm is a dummy variable that is one (1) if the firm is a family firm and zero (0) is a non-family firm. The dependent variable (performance) is measured by ROA and ROE. A panel analysis of 537 firms from 2007 and 2009 finds that the relationship between director remuneration and performance is significantly positive. This suggests that the remuneration driven board motivation to enhance performance. Furthermore, this study does not find evidence the family firm manipulated a power and control for personal wealth.
On the diurnal cycle of urban aerosols, black carbon and the occurrence of new particle formation events in springtime São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract. Large conurbations are a significant source of the anthropogenic pollution and demographic differences between cities that result in a different pollution burden. The metropolitan area of Sao Paulo (MASP, population 20 million) accounts for one fifth of the Brazilian vehicular fleet. A feature of MASP is the amount of ethanol used by the vehicular fleet, known to exacerbate air quality. The study describes the diurnal behaviour of the submicron aerosol and relies on total particle number concentration, particle number size distribution, light scattering and light absorption measurements. Modelled planetary boundary layer (PBL) depth and air mass movement data were used to aid the interpretation. During morning rush-hour, stagnant air and a shallow PBL height favour the accumulation of aerosol pollution. During clear-sky conditions, there was a wind shift towards the edge of the city indicating a heat island effect with implications on particulate pollution levels at the site. The median total particle number concentration for the submicron aerosol typically varied in the range 1.6 × 10 4 –3.2 × 10 4 cm −3 frequently exceeding 4 × 10 4 cm −3 during the day. During weekdays, nucleation-mode particles are responsible for most of the particles by numbers. The highest concentrations of total particle number concentrations and black carbon (BC) were observed on Fridays. Median diurnal values for light absorption and light scattering (at 637 nm wavelength) varied in the range 12–33 Mm −1 and 21–64 Mm −1 , respectively. The former one is equal to 1.8–5.0 μg m −3 of BC. The growth of the PBL, from the morning rush-hour until noon, is consistent with the diurnal cycle of BC mass concentrations. Weekday hourly median single-scattering albedo (ω 0 ) varied in the range 0.59–0.76. Overall, this suggests a top of atmosphere (TOA) warming effect. However, considering the low surface reflectance of urban areas, for the given range of ω 0 , the TOA radiative forcing can be either positive or negative for the sources within the MASP. On the average, weekend ω 0 values were 0.074 higher than during weekdays. During 11% of the days, new particle formation (NPF) events occurred. The analysed events growth rates ranged between 9 and 25 nm h −1 . Sulphuric acid proxy concentrations calculated for the site were less than 5% of the concentration needed to explain the observed growth. Thus, other vapours are likely contributors to the observed growth.
Local splitting structures on nonpositively curved manifolds and semirigidity in dimension 3

Let M denote a closed Riemannian manifold with nonpositive sectional curvature. Let X denote a closed smooth manifold which admits an F -structure, F . If there exists f : X → M with nonzero degree, then M has a local splitting structure S: 1) The universal covering space with the pull-back metric, has a locally finite covering by closed convex subsets, each of which splits isometrically as a product with nontrivial Euclidean factor. 2) This collection of sets and splittings are invariant under the group of covering transformations. 3) The projection to M of any flat (i.e. Euclidean slice) of S is a closed immersed submanifold. The structures, F , S, satisfy a consistency condition. If F is injective, all orbits have dimension ≥ n − 2 and f induces an isomorphism of fundamental groups, then S is abelian i.e. for all p ∈ M, there is a flat containing all other flats passing through p. By [CCR], M carries a Cr-structure which is compatible with S. For n = 3, these conclusions hold even if the extra assumptions on F are dropped. Moreover, up to isomorphism, the Cr-structure onM arising from the construction of [CCR] is independent of the particular nonpositively curved metric.
Identifying the Winner's Curse in the First Spectrum Auction in the Republic of Korea Using an Event Study Approach

The first spectrum auction in the Republic of Korea is attention‐worthy owing to the fierce competition for the only 1.8‐GHz spectrum license, the winning bidder of which was suspected of overpaying for its acquisition. This study empirically investigates the existence of a “winner's curse” in the first Korean spectrum auction by using a standard event study methodology. The results show that both the winner and loser experienced significant positive returns on the completion day of the auction. The results imply that there was no winner's curse in the auction and that the losing firm might increase its competitive advantage by acquiring other spectrum licenses despite failing to achieve its initial target spectrum. Therefore, these results suggest that regulators may need to consider bringing about positive short‐term wealth benefits to all bidders by appropriately designing a spectrum auction, such as by performing multiband auctions.
The performance of Melolontha grubs on the roots of various plant species

Melolontha grubs are polyphagous and are adapted to feeding on plants of varying nutritional value. Our research sought to investigate whether host plant quality affects first-instar grub development, weight gain, or mortality. Ten plant taxa of the families Polygonaceae, Brassicaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Pinaceae were tested. The quality of each plant species was estimated based on the root content of phenols, condensed tannins, soluble sugars, starch, nitrogen, and carbon. Retarded development, high mortality, and low weight gain were observed in grubs feeding on roots of Fagopyrum esculentum, Brassica rapa subsp. rapifera, and B. napus, whereas Tanacetum vulgare, Trifolium repens, and Lupinus polyphyllus roots proved to be the most beneficial for larval performance. Weight gain was positively correlated with the concentration of soluble sugars and starch in the plant roots. Starch was also positively correlated with the percentage of molted grubs. The revealed positive correlations may be explained by the fact that nonstructural sugars constitute an energy source that is essential for grub movement in the soil. Plant species that negatively affect cockchafer grubs may be used in integrated plant protection against these pests in agriculture, horticulture, and, to some extent, in forestry, e.g., in nurseries and postagricultural lands.
Doing science, forgoing childbearing? Evidence from a sample of female scientists in Austria

Academic women in Austria and Germany have extraordinarily high final levels of childlessness of 45-60%, as documented by prior research. This study investigates how female scientists’ fertility behaviour relates to their childbearing ideals and intentions in Austria. It analyses whether high childlessness and low numbers of children are intended or not. By looking additionally at employment conditions and partnership status, this study points to possible obstacles hindering couples to realise their childbearing desires. Furthermore, it shows how female scientists combine their academic career and childcare. The analysis is based on a sample of female scientists who had applied for a grant at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (n=196). It comprises women aged 25-45 who work in different scientific fields in Austria. Female scientists aged 40-45 have 0.9 children on average and 44% remain childless. However, these levels are far from the number of offspring that young scientists under the age of 35 intend to have. They perceive on average two as their ideal and intended number; only around 10% want to stay childless. Several obstacles which impede childbearing were identified, e.g. the strong work commitment of the female scientists, the need to be geographically mobile and the high prevalence of living apart together relationships. As for the combination of work and family, female scientists return back to work quickly after they have a child. Most do not regard the family as the main caregiver but perceive a division of tasks between the family and the public as preferable.
A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF GABAPENTIN AND CLONIDINE PREMEDICATION ON POST OPERATIVE ANALGESIA REQUIREMENT FOLLOWING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES UNDER GENERAL ANAESTHESIA

AIM: Aim of our study was to compare the relative effectiveness of gabapentin and clonidine premedication on patients undergoing elective abdominal surgeries under G.A. OBJECTIVE: gabapentine and clonidine have anti-nociceptive properties . This study assess their efficacy in prolonging the analgesic effect intra-operative and postoperative analgesic requirement. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 225 patients of either sex of age between 20-60 years, ASA grade I & II, patient admitted to Hamidia hospital for elective abdominal surgeries under general anaesthesia were included in the study. The patients were randomly allocated into three groups 75 each group I : Control group (patients received placebo tablet at 90 min before the surgery),group II Gabapentin 300 mg tablet orally 90 min before surgery ,groupIII:clonidine150µg tablet orally given 90 min before surgery. Duration of postoperative analgesia, Degree of postoperative pain (VAS score)and added rescue analgesia required in 24 hrs were recorded postoperatively. RESULT: Analysis reveled that there was no difference in the HR, SBP among the three group during the study. Duration of postoperative analgesia, observed from time of reversal to first demand of analgesia in the recovery room was more in group II compared to group I and group III (p-value <0.001, highly significant). Pain perception was highly blunted in groups II compared to group I & group III. Total rescue analgesic requirement during the postoperative 24hrs period was much lower in group II inj Diclofenac compared to group I and group III . ( p-value < 0.001, highly significant). CONCLUSION: Given 90 min before induction of GA oral gabapentin(300 mg) or clonidine(150 µg) preoperatively was effective in lowering postoperative VAS pain score and consumption of analgesics, it was also shows that gabapentin significantly decreases postoperative pain intensity and analgesic consumption after abdominal surgeries.