Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of an end inspiratory pause on pulmonary ventilation, gas distribution, and lung perfusion during artificial ventilation

Using a constant tidal volume and ventilatory frequency, anesthetized piglets were ventilated with a new tidal volume ventilator. A short inspiratory time without a pause (10% of breathing cycle) was compared with a longer inspiratory time with a pause (33%) both with and without bronchial obstruction. Mechanics of ventilation, pulmonary ventilation, gas exchange, gas distribution, and lung perfusion were measured.The longer inspiratory time with a pause resulted in lower peak airway and end inspiratory pressures and a higher total compliance. Dead space/tidal volume ratio was reduced and the RQ was increased. While the cranial pulmonary fields were less well ventilated, the right caudal field was better ventilated. In the presence of bronchial obstruction, better alveolar ventilation was achieved when an end inspiratory pause was added. The results emphasize the importance of static end inspiratory tracheal conditions although the tidal volumes were kept unchanged.
Imaging cortical oscillations during sustained visuomotor coordination in MEG

Cortical oscillations have been shown to play an important role in a wide range of neural activities. In particular, task-related changes in spectral power and task-related modulations of coupling both within and between neuronal assemblies in specific frequency bands have been reported. In the current study, we use magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings to produce maps of task-related changes of spectral power in the alpha (8-15Hz), beta (15-30) and gamma (30-50Hz) range during a sustained visuomotor coordination task in which 4 subjects were asked to use a track-ball device to continuously counter the quasi-random rotations of a cube in a 3D environment. We use a wavelet-based method to compute and compare the time-frequency maps corresponding to the visuomotor task to those of the control conditions. We find that, compared to rest conditions, visuomotor coordination is associated with a sustained depression of spectral power in mu and beta bands over the sensorimotor cortex throughout the whole duration of the task (8 seconds) followed by a wide-band increase in power starting within 1 to 2 seconds after the end of the coordination task. The spatial distribution of the relative power changes in relevant frequency bands are computed and displayed as topographic images on a flattened sensor geometry.
GABA A receptor-mediated currents in interneurons and pyramidal cells of rat visual cortex

mediated by the ã-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor, which is the target of GABAergic interneurons. Neocortical GABAergic interneurons not only make synapses onto pyramidal cells, but also onto other GABA-containing interneurons (Somogyi & Soltesz, 1986; Kisvarday, Beaulieu & Eysel, 1993). The functional interpretation of these interneuron—interneuron synapses is that presynaptic interneurons can exert disinhibitory effects by inhibiting their GABAergic target cells (Kisvarday et al. 1993). Immunohistochemical studies have shown a heterogeneity of GABAA receptors in different brain regions and in distinct neuronal classes (Fritschy & Mohler, 1995). Diversity of GABAA receptors may provide the basis for flexibility in signal transduction and drug-induced allosteric modulation.
A 200-Ms/s 10-mW switched-capacitor filter in 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS technology

Wideband amplifiers with low but precisely known dc gain allow the achievement of accurate infinite impulse response switched-capacitor (SC) filters operating at very high sampling frequencies. The low and precise opamp gain value is taken into account while sizing the capacitors (precise opamp gain (FOG) approach), so that no idle phase is required for amplitude error compensation and double-sampling technique can be implemented. In a 0.5-/spl mu/m standard CMOS technology with 3.3-V power supply, an opamp is designed which exhibits a settling time of about 3 ns (for 0.1% settling accuracy) in a closed-loop configuration with input, feedback, and load capacitors of 0.5 pF, white the slew rate is 1 V/ns. The open-loop dc gain of the amplifier is set to the value of 80 (38 dB) by a gain-control closed loop, which guarantees an accuracy of /spl plusmn/2%. The proposed solution is validated by experimental results from a 200-Ms/s SC filter. From a single 3.3-V supply the filter consumes 10 mW (excluding clock generation) and exhibits a -40 dB total harmonic distortion for a 2-V/sub pp/ signal amplitude at 4 MHz, achieving a 62-dB dynamic range.
Normal Aging Impairs Upregulation of the Beta-adrenergic but not the Alpha-Adrenergic Response: Aging and Adrenergic Upregulation

Objectives: To determine if centrally reducing sympathetic tone with clonidine will reverse the downregulation in the alpha-adrenergic (αAR) and beta-adrenergic (βAR) responses seen with normal aging. Methods: Twelve rigorously screened young adult (mean age, 26 years) and 15 older adult (mean age, 69 years) subjects were studied before and after using the clonidine patch (TTS-2) for 2 weeks. βAR (isoproterenol at 35 ng/kg/min) and αAR (phenylephrine at 1.0 μg/kg/min) were assessed using radionuclide measures of end diastolic, end systolic, and stroke volume indices, cardiac index, and ejection fraction. Results: Clonidine reduced resting plasma norepinephrine and this reduction was greater in older subjects (−47 ± 3 versus −26 ± 6%, P = 0.001). After 2 weeks of clonidine patch, upregulation of the βAR was significantly higher in young subjects for heart rate (+10.7 ± 1.5 versus +4.6 ± 1.5 bpm; P = 0.01). There was no significant age-associated difference in the upregulation of the αAR with clonidine for systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure or systemic vascular resistance. Conclusions: With aging, there is an impaired resensitization of the chronotropic βAR response with central sympathetic downregulation that is not seen with the αAR.
Protein S Deficiency, Activated Protein C Resistance and Sticky Platelet Syndrome in a Young Woman with Bilateral Strokes

Background: Coagulation disorders are common in young adults (age less than 55 years) with ischemic stroke. Objectives: To describe a young woman with bilateral strokes of undetermined etiology who had three significant hemostatic disturbances. These were protein S deficiency, Factor V Leiden heterozygosity, and sticky platelet syndrome. The Factor V Leiden mutation was also present in one of her children. Conclusions: Young patients with cryptogenic stroke warrant a thorough evaluation for hypercoagulable states. More than one coagulation disorder can coexist in the same patient and the spectrum of hemostatic abnormalities may influence the patient’s treatment and may have implications for screening of other family members.
Atrioventricular junctional tissue. Discrepancy between histological and electrophysiological characteristics.

BACKGROUND Previous work has demonstrated that cells with AV nodal-type action potentials are not confined to Koch's triangle but may extend along the AV orifices. The aim of this study was to examine the histological and electrophysiological characteristics of this tissue. METHODS AND RESULTS Studies were performed in isolated, blood-perfused dog and pig hearts. Microelectrode recordings revealed cells with nodal-type action potentials around the tricuspid and mitral valve rings. These cells were found within 1 to 2 mm of the valve annuli. A zone of cells with intermediate action potentials, approximately 1 cm wide, separated cells with nodal-type action potentials from cells with atrial-type action potentials in the body of the atria. In cells with nodal-type action potentials, adenosine caused a reduction in action potential amplitude (49 +/- 2 versus 33 +/- 2 mV, mean +/- SE; P < .001), upstroke velocity (2.5 +/- 0.2 versus 2.0 +/- 0.2 V/s, P < .05), and duration (150 +/- 4 versus 96 +/- 8 ms, P < .001). The light microscopic appearance of AV junctional cells was similar to that of myocytes in the body of the atrium. A polyclonal antibody raised against connexin-43 bound to atrial and ventricular tissue but not to the AV junctional tissue or AV nodal region. The absence of connexin-43 correlated with the sites of cells with nodal-like action potentials. With pacing techniques, the AV junctional tissue in the region of the posterior AV nodal approaches could be electrically dissociated from atrial, AV nodal, and ventricular tissue. AV nodal echoes were induced with ventricular pacing in three dog hearts. In each case, retrograde conduction was through the slow pathway, and anterograde conduction was through the fast pathway. During echoes, activation of AV junctional cells preceded atrial activation during retrograde slow pathway conduction, but these cells were not activated during anterograde fast pathway conduction. CONCLUSIONS AV junctional cells around both annuli are histologically similar to atrial cells but resemble nodal cells in their cellular electrophysiology, response to adenosine, and lack of connexin-43. The light microscopic appearance of AV junctional cells is a poor guide to their action potential characteristics. The AV junctional cells in the posterior AV nodal approaches appear to participate in slow pathway conduction. These cells may be the substrate of the slow "AV nodal" pathway.
Fuzzy Constrained Probabilistic Inventory Models Depending on Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers

We discussed two different cases of the probabilistic continuous review mixture shortage inventory model with varying and constrained expected order cost, when the lead time demand follows some different continuous distributions. The first case is when the total cost components are considered to be crisp values, and the other case is when the costs are considered as trapezoidal fuzzy number. Also, some special cases are deduced. To investigate the proposed model in the crisp case and the fuzzy case, illustrative numerical example is added. From the numerical results we will conclude that Uniform distribution is the best distribution to get the exact solutions, and the exact solutions for fuzzy models are considered more practical and close to the reality of life and get minimum expected total cost less than the crisp models.
PENGARUH UTANG JANGKA PENDEK DAN UTANG JANGKA PANJANG TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN INDUSTRI MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI) PERIODE TAHUN 2013-2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh utang jangka pendek dan utang jangka panjang terhadap profitabilitas. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan industri makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di BEI periode tahun 2013 sampai 2017 sebanyak 14 perusahaan sedangkan sampel ditentukan dengan metode purposive sampling dan memenuhi kriteria sebanyak 6 perusahaan. Metode analisi yang digunakan adalah model regresi linear berganda. Metode ini juga disebut kuantitatif karena data penelitian berupa angka-angka dan analisis menggunakan statistik. Hasil analisis regresi, diperoleh nilai Fhitung2,240 > Ftabel 3,35dan signifikan 0,126 ttabel `1,703 dan signifikan 0.046 0,05. Maka dapat dikatakan bahwa utang jangka panjang tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas. Kata Kunci : Utang jangka pendek, Utang jangka panjang, Profitabilitas
“ Impact of Promotional Activities on Consumer Buying Behavior : A Study of Cosmetic Industry ”

Present study mainly aims at exploring the various factors that influences consumer buying behavior and purchase decision and to identify the various promotional activities used by the sellers in order to motivate the consumer buying behavior and purchase decision. This study consists of Indian cosmetic industry. It is one of the fastest growing industries in India. Cosmetics are mixtures of surfactants, oils and other ingredients. The cosmetics industry in the world is a multi-billion dollar industry. Being the study exploratory as well as descriptive in nature, findings have been made through snap survey analysis which consisted of 200 consumers in the market. The questionnaire designed for this purpose to know about the Impact of Promotional activities on Consumer buying behavior. Findings have also been made theoretical analysis in order to provide in-depth analysis into the way different promotional factors influence consumers’ decision-making processes. It has been found that p r o m o t i o n a l a c t i v i t i e s have positive effects on consumers, purchasing behavior or brand choice in cosmetic industry.
Effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in vivo

In vitro incubation of aminoglycoside antibiotics with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) has been shown to induce abnormalities in cell function. This study was designed to determine whether there are similar abnormalities in leukocyte function after exposure to the action of these agents in vivo. Four aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin, and amikacin) were tested. In vitro incubation did not induce a chemotactic defect when measured by an under-agarose method. However, inhibition of candidacidal activity was reproducible after in vitro incubation of all aminoglycosides tested. Nevertheless, when the aminoglycosides were administered intravenously to normal volunteers, PMN function, including adherence to nylon wool columns, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and killing of Candida albicans, was unimpaired at 1, 3, and 24 h postinfusion. Therefore, we conclude that aminoglycoside antibiotic administration does not induce PMN dysfunction in vivo.
Dysregulation of BCL-2 family proteins by leukemia fusion genes

The genomic lesions that characterize acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood include recurrent translocations that result in the expression of fusion proteins that typically involve genes encoding tyrosine kinases, cytokine receptors, and transcription factors. These genetic rearrangements confer phenotypic hallmarks of malignant transformation, including unrestricted proliferation and a relative resistance to apoptosis. In this Minireview, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that link these fusions to the control of cell death. We examine how these fusion genes dysregulate the BCL-2 family of proteins, preventing activation of the apoptotic effectors, BAX and BAK, and promoting cell survival.
Immunotherapy for patients with malignant glioma: from theoretical principles to clinical applications

Malignant gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor and are in great need of novel therapeutic approaches. Advances in treatment have been very modest, significant improvement in survival has been lacking for many decades and prognosis remains dismal. Despite ‘gross total’ surgical resections and currently available radio-chemotherapy, malignant gliomas inevitably recur due to reservoirs of notoriously invasive tumor cells that infiltrate adjacent and nonadjacent areas of normal brain parenchyma. In principle, the immune system is uniquely qualified to recognize and target these infiltrative pockets of tumor cells, which have generally eluded conventional treatment approaches. In the span of the last 10 years, our understanding of the cancer–immune system relationship has increased exponentially, and yet, we are only beginning to tease apart the intricacies of the CNS and immune cell interactions. This article reviews the complex associations of the immune system with brain tumors. We provide an overview of currently available treatment options for malignant gliomas, existing gaps in our knowledge of brain tumor immunology, and molecular techniques and targets that might be exploited for improved patient stratification and design of ‘custom immunotherapeutics’. We will also examine major new immunotherapy approaches that are being actively investigated to treat patients with malignant glioma, and identify some current and future research priorities in this area.
The Labor Productivity Gap between Female and Male-Managed Firms in the Formal Private Sector

This study analyzes gender differences in labor productivity in the formal private sector, using data from 128 mostly developing economies. The results reveal a sizable unconditional gap, with labor productivity being approximately 11 percent lower among female- than male-managed firms. The analyses are based on female management, which is more strongly associated with labor productivity than female participation in ownership, which has been the focus of most previous studies. Decomposition techniques reveal several factors that contribute to lower labor productivity of female-managed firms relative to male-managed firms: fewer female- than male-managed firms protect themselves from crime and power outages, have their own websites, and are (co-) owned by foreigners. In addition, in the manufacturing sector, female-managed firms are less capitalized and have lower labor cost than male-managed firms.
Capital Structure Affecting Firm Value In Thailand

This study explores how performance, growth opportunity, tangible assets, risk, and liquidity affect a firm’s capital structure and how capital structure affects firm value. Structural equation modeling is used to analyze three accounting periods (2012–2014) of financial data from 315 firms listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand. This study finds that tangibility positively affects debt financing and liquidity, risk negatively affect debt financing, and debt financing has no effect on a firm value. Financial managers could use these results to develop their capital structure to support other operations within the firm. These results will also fill the gap in both empirical and theoretical knowledge of debt financing’s mediating role on the firms listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand.
Endogenous and Exogenous Glucocorticoids in Experimental Enterococcal Infection

ABSTRACT The potentially protective role of the host adrenal-glucocorticoid response to enterococcal infection was evaluated in an experimental model in which mice were infected intraperitoneally with two distinct Enterococcus faecalis strains (K9 and CP-1). We demonstrated that corticosterone levels in serum and peritoneal-lavage fluid were elevated within 1 hour of infection with either E. faecalis strain. We also demonstrated that adrenalectomized mice generated a more robust localized peritoneal tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) response to both E. faecalis strains than did sham-adrenalectomized mice but that neither E. faecalis strain induced a systemic TNF-α response. Further, peritoneal TNF-α production in adrenalectomized mice infected with either E. faecalis K9 or CP-1 was suppressed by prior treatment with an exogenous glucocorticoid (dexamethasone). The potential clinical significance of these results was suggested by our findings that adrenalectomy markedly increased susceptibility (a >100-fold decrease in the 50% lethal dose) to lethal infections with E. faecalis CP-1 and that prior dexamethasone treatment partially compensated for adrenalectomy. In marked contrast to these findings, however, adrenalectomy did not substantially increase susceptibility to lethal E. faecalis K9 infection. Further, preinfection with E. faecalis CP-1 1 hour before infection with E. faecalis K9 did not protect mice from lethal E. faecalis K9 infections. Collectively, these studies indicate that the host can generate a glucocorticoid response to E. faecalis infection that suppresses TNF-α production. Further, this glucocorticoid response can protect the host from potentially lethal E. faecalis infections, but different strains show heterogeneity with respect to the extent of protection afforded by the adrenal-glucocorticoid response.
Shaping service ecosystems: exploring the dark side of agency

Purpose The extant service ecosystem literature rarely addresses the dark side of actors’ agency, which hinders further development of the service-dominant (S-D) logic, particularly with regard to understanding service ecosystem dynamics. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to delineate the dark-side facets of actors’ agency that adversely affect actor-to-actor relationships and resource integration, in the context of shaping service ecosystems. Design/methodology/approach With abductive reasoning, this study seeks to reorient results from prior literature in accordance with empirical findings. The empirical data pertain to 21 firms in Finland, New Zealand, Singapore and Sweden, representing various industries, sizes, international reach, technologies, ownership forms and histories. Findings The dark side of agency emerges as an actor’s deliberate attempts to influence a service ecosystem to achieve self-interested benefits, despite understanding that these actions inhibit other actors from providing service and can be detrimental to other actors and the ecosystem. The findings also reveal three facets of the dark side: conflict, ambiguity and opportunism. The process of shaping service ecosystems is prone to systematic conflict, ambiguous and opportunistic behaviours occurring between the focal actors’ ecosystem and other ecosystems vying for the same set of resources. Research limitations/implications This study advances the S-D logic by addressing the crucial role of agency in a dialectical relationship with institutions and structures. Service-for-service exchanges can take place in asymmetric, ambiguous, opportunistic situations driven by self-interested motives. Practical implications Processes aimed at shaping service ecosystems can demonstrate the dark sides of actors’ agency, related to conflict, ambiguity or opportunism. Managers interested in shaping strategies should be prepared for this outcome. Social implications A service ecosystem perspective requires policy makers and regulators to reconsider their role in shaping processes. No “invisible hand” guides markets to equilibrium, so they should be more proactive in shaping ecosystems, rather than merely fixing market failures. Originality/value This research offers the first S-D logic-based investigation into the dark side of actors’ agency in shaping service ecosystems.
Segmentation, not rhyming, predicts early progress in learning to read.

We present a longitudinal study of children in the first 2 years of learning to read. A battery of tests of phonological skills administered when the children were prereaders identified two distinct and relatively independent factors, Rhyming (defined by measures of rhyme detection and rhyme production) and Segmentation (defined by measures of phoneme identification and phoneme deletion). Segmentation was strongly correlated with attainment in reading and spelling at the end of the first year at school, while Rhyming was not. In addition, letter name knowledge predicted both reading and spelling skill and showed an interactive effect with children's segmentation skills. By the end of the second year of school, however, rhyming had started to exert a predictive effect on spelling, but not on reading. The results are discussed in the context of current theories of the role of phonological skills in learning to read.
Evidence for Reversibility of Defective Counterregulation in a Patient with Insulinoma

To investigate her unheralded neuroglycopenia, a 45‐year‐old woman was studied before and 3 months after removal of her insulinoma. Hypoglycaemia was induced and reversed by glucose infusion during 4‐h insulin infusions (1.5 mU kg−1 min−1). Postoperatively, the low preoperative adrenaline, noradrenaline, growth hormone, and Cortisol responses increased by 490, 152, 64, and 178%, respectively, and started at higher glucose levels (2.7 vs 1.9 mmol I−1 for adrenaline), with a four‐fold increase in autonomic symptoms and more profound psychomotor dysfunction. We conclude that the syndrome of recurrent severe hypoglycaemia with defective warning symptoms and hormonal responses, in this case induced by an insulin‐secreting tumour, is reversible, perhaps by the removal of the hypoglycaemia, a finding which may be relevant to other patients with recurrent severe hypoglycaemia.