Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tourism’s Impacts on Rural Livelihood in the Sustainability of an Aging Community in Japan

Rural tourism, which is often interpreted as rural development initiatives, has been extensively studied in a Japanese context; however, this has been typically observed at a community level, and the host households were assumed as homogeneous. Therefore, this article explores rural tourism’s potential as a tool for territorial development in Japan, and augments established literature by studying how rural tourism contributes to sustainable livelihoods at the household level in an aging community and a developed economy. For this purpose, a qualitative study observed a farm inn group in the town of Noto, a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) site in Japan. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) rural tourism in a remote/isolated region has changed the host households’ livelihood assets; (2) the economic benefits from rural tourism are marginal to host households; and (3) the benefits other than income earnings exceed the economic benefits for aging communities. The residents’ quality of life has improved in this super-aging rural community, although the economic benefits are still marginal to most host households. Tourists have brought vitality to these remote villages, and a lack of young residents to inherit these farm inn businesses presents a bottleneck to the industry’s future development. Social capital should be strengthened by forming social networks with the local government and private sectors.
Control cognitions as predictors of distress in a cross-cultural context

Negative psychological states as well as happiness belong to universal human experience; however, research findings reveal interindividual and intercultural differences in their symptoms and effective ways of coping. The aim of this article is to analyze the experience of distress in a cultural perspective with special focus on the relationship with control cognitions. Models of agency and Michel’s theory of uncertainty are used to interpret differences in attitude toward ambiguity and subjective need of control, indicated by preliminary cross-cultural studies. Finally, practical implications of the findings are discussed, pointing out that effectiveness of commonly used psychological interventions, based on the change in control beliefs, may not be universal.
Socioeconomic Inequality in the US : Ethnicity , Racial Admixture and Environmental Causes

General socioeconomic factor (S) scores were calculated for US states by SIRE (self-identified race/ethnicity) groups based on 3 indicators. The S factor loadings were generally but not always stable across subgroup analyses and the factor scores were generally stable across factor analytic extraction methods (almost all r's ≈ 1). For Whites, Blacks and Hispanics, there were strong correlations between cognitive ability scores and S factor scores across states (r's = .55 to .78; N's = 28-50). This pattern also held when all data were analyzed together (r = .86, N = 115). Furthermore, the size of the HispanicWhite and Black-White S and cognitive ability gaps strongly correlated across states (r's = .62-.69; N's = 36-37). Lastly, parasite prevalence did not plausibly explain SIRE gaps in cognitive ability because gaps were smaller in more parasite-rich states (combined analysis r = -.17, N = 91). Previously, we looked at the association between overall state-level racial ancestry and overall statelevel outcomes. It was found that European ancestry relative to African and Amerindian ancestry was associated with better outcomes. This analysis was extended by looking at the state-level ancestryoutcome associations individually for Black and Hispanic SIRE groups. For Blacks, state-level European and Amerindian admixture was positively associated with better outcomes (mean r's = .28 and .27), while African admixture was associated with worse outcomes (mean r = -31, N = 31). For Hispanics, African and European admixture was related to better outcomes (mean r's = .36 and .13), while Amerindian admixture was associated with worse outcomes (mean r = -.40; N = 24-34). These SIRE specific state-level results were only partially consistent with the overall state-level ones. Finally, it was found that climatic and geospatial variables did not correlate strongly with cognitive 1 University of Aarhus, Department of Linguistics. Denmark. Email: emil@emilkirkegaard.dk 2 Independent researcher. United States. Email: j122177@hotmail.com ability and S scores when scores were decomposed by SIRE group, but did so at the total state-level, even after statistical control.
c association between prenatal life stress exposure and infant pro-in fl ammatory cytokine levels during acute respiratory infection

a Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA b Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA c Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA d Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
Ju l 2 01 2 Identifying the Neutrino mass Ordering with INO and NOvA Mattias Blennow

The relatively large value of θ13 established recently by the Daya Bay reactor experiment opens the possibility to determine the neutrino mass ordering with experiments currently under construction. We investigate synergies between the NOvA long-baseline accelerator experiment with atmospheric neutrino data from the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO). We identify the requirements on energy and direction reconstruction and detector mass for INO necessary for a significant sensitivity. If neutrino energy and direction reconstruction at the level of 10% and 10 can be achieved by INO a determination of the neutrino mass ordering seems possible around 2020. blennow AT mpi-hd.mpg. de schwetz AT mpi-hd.mpg. de
Talent management: Towards a more inclusive understanding

Talent management is an organization’s line of life: It is of vital importance to organizational viability and business success. In a majority of organizations, talent management aims at maximizing organizational profits by selectively investing in a small group of high-performing, high-potential employees (exclusive approach). In recent years, however, interest in an alternative, more inclusive approach to talent management has been growing because broad investments in talent development across the workforce are deemed effective in enhancing overall employee well-being. While both approaches bring about certain advantages and disadvantages, inclusive talent management is a particularly timely response to pressing issues such as the overall talent scarcity, the hard-to-predict market dynamics, and the trend towards more inclusive human resource management.
Calcium, ATP, and Magnesium Activate Soluble Tyrosine Hydroxylase from Rat Striatum

Abstract: Soluble tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) prepared from rat striatum by sonication, centrifugation, and gel filtration on Sephadex G‐25 was activated by preincubation with Ca2+, ATP, and Mg2+. Activation occurred with micromolar concentrations of Ca2+ and required the presence of both ATP and Mg2+. The activation was reversible and was characterized by a large decrease of apparent Km for the pteridine cofactor and a small increase of Vmax‐Ca2+‐induced activation was small when TH activity was assayed at pH values near the optimum, but the magnitude of the activation increased with increasing assay pH. The activation apparently did not involve Ca2+‐activated protease because it was not affected by the protease inhibitor leupeptin. Nor did it involve cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase, as evidenced by the failure of the heat‐stable inhibitor of this kinase to decrease Ca2+‐induced TH activation. Furthermore, the activation of TH evoked by Ca2+ and that produced by cyclic AMP was additive. These experiments indicate that striatal TH can be activated in vitro by an endogenous Ca2+‐dependent mechanism. The similarity of the Ca2+‐induced activation of TH to that elicited by increased neuronal activity and terminal depolarization is discussed.
ANCIENT VERSUS RETICULATE ORIGIN OF A HEMICLONAL LINEAGE

Abstract Crossing experiments revealed that a diploid hybridogenetic fish (genus Poeciliopsis) from the Río Mocorito (Sinaloa, Mexico) is trihybrid. Its haploid maternal genome is inherited clonally (i.e., hemiclonally), and it expresses a mixture of morphological traits found in the closely related species P. monacha and P. viriosa. Its haploid paternal genome is replaced in each generation by mating with males of a more distantly related sexual species, P. lucida. However, expression of mixed (monacha × viriosa) traits by this hemiclone is also consistent with retention of shared ancestral polymorphisms. If true, this hemiclonal lineage would be one of the few examples of an ancient asexual taxon. We used mitochondrial DNA and allozymes to test whether the maternal progenitor of the Mocorito hybridogen was a recent P. monacha × P. viriosa hybrid or a remnant of their most recent common ancestor. Our results clearly link the hemiclonal genome to contemporary P. monacha and therefore support the hypothesis of a recent origin. Additionally, our findings suggest that this unisexual fish may serve as a vehicle for introgression between two allopatric sexual species. Corresponding Editor: S. Karl
Growth parameters at birth mediate the relationship between prenatal manganese exposure and cognitive test scores among a cohort of 2- to 3-year-old Bangladeshi children.

Background Our previous study demonstrated that prenatal manganese exposure is associated with cognitive test scores among a cohort of 2- to 3-year-old Bangladeshi children. This study tested the hypothesis that the adverse effects of manganese are mediated through poor prenatal growth. Methods Pregnant mothers were enrolled in a birth cohort in Bangladesh between 2008 and 2011, and children were followed at birth and age 20-40 months. Manganese concentration was measured in umbilical cord blood. Anthropometric measurements (weight, length, head circumference) were assessed at delivery. Children's cognitive development was assessed at age 20-40 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition. Using recently developed statistical approaches that estimate mediation and interaction effects simultaneously, we evaluated whether the association between cord blood manganese and cognitive score was mediated through anthropometric measures at birth. Results This analysis included 764 mother-child pairs. Higher manganese concentration was associated with lower cognitive score [β=-0.61, standard error (SE)=0.23, p = 0.009]. Among the birth measures, we found a significant indirect effect only through birth length (β =-0.10, SE = 0.03, p = 0.001). We also found evidence of mediated interaction (both mediation and interaction, β =-0.03, SE = 0.01, p = 0.01) with birth length in the association between cord blood manganese and cognitive score. The overall proportion mediated by birth length was 33% (p = 0.02) and the proportion attributed to interaction was 11% (p = 0.04). We did not find evidence of a mediating effect through birth weight or head circumference. Conclusions Our findings confirm that prenatal growth, particularly birth length, contributes to the overall effect of environmental manganese exposure on a child's cognitive development.
Natural radioactivity distribution and gamma radiation exposure of beach sands close to Maronia and Samothraki plutons, NE Greece

This study aims to evaluate the activity concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, 228Th and 40K along the beaches of Maronia and Samothraki being adjacent to the local granitoids. These range from 14-75, 17.5-114.8, 23.7-71.9, 24.5-71.6 and 262-1319 Bq/kg, respectively. The (wt.%) of heavy magnetic (HM) (amphibole, epidote, clinopyroxene, chlorite, magnetite and ilmenite) fraction, the heavy non-magnetic (HNM) (zircon and titanite) fraction, and the total heavy fraction (TH), were correlated with the concentrations of the measured radionuclides in the bulk samples. The measured radionuclides in the beach sands were normalized to the respective values measured in the granitic rocks, which are their most probable parental rocks, so as to provide data upon their enrichment or depletion. The annual effective dose varies between 0.004 and 0.013 mSv y-1 for tourists and from 0.016 to 0.056 mSv y-1 for local people working on the beach.
CK 2-mediated stimulation of Pol I transcription by stabilization of UBF – SL 1 interaction

High levels of rRNA synthesis by RNA polymerase I are important for cell growth and proliferation. In vitro studies have indicated that the formation of a stable complex between the HMG box factor [Upstream binding factor (UBF)] and SL1 at the rRNA gene promoter is necessary to direct multiple rounds of Pol I transcription initiation. The recruitment of SL1 to the promoter occurs through protein interactions with UBF and is regulated by phosphorylation of UBF. Here we show that the protein kinase CK2 co-immunoprecipitates with the Pol I complex and is associated with the rRNA gene promoter. Inhibition of CK2 kinase activity reduces Pol I transcription in cultured cells and in vitro. Significantly, CK2 regulates the interaction between UBF and SL1 by counteracting the inhibitory effect of HMG boxes five and six through the phosphorylation of specific serines located at the C-terminus of UBF. Transcription reactions with immobilized templates indicate that phosphorylation of CK2 phosphoacceptor sites in the C-terminal domain of UBF is important for promoting multiple rounds of Pol I transcription. These data demonstrate that CK2 is recruited to the rRNA gene promoter and directly regulates Pol I transcription re-initiation by stabilizing the association between UBF and SL1.
Reciprocal Ia Inhibition During Voluntary Movements in Man

Effects on the H-reflex of the triceps surae muscle from the volleys in the common peroneal nerve were investigated in normal human subjects at rest and during voluntary ankle movements. A depressive effect was revealed during active dorsiflcxion but not at rest. Since this depression was evoked by volleys of low-threshold afferents and had a very short latency which suggests a disynaptic linkage, it was regarded as the reciprocal Ia inhibition. In an exceptional case, which showed an H-reflex in pretibial muscles at rest in spite of normal central nervous functions, reciprocal I a inhibition of the triceps surae as well as pretibial motoneurones was observed in a resting state. I t was stressed tha t there is a close parallelism between the excitability of a group of a-motoncuroncs and of interneurones which mediate I a inhibition of the antagonists. Relying on recent observations from animal experiments neuronal mechanisms of the present observation were discussed.
Analysis of the Transmembrane Topology and Membrane Assembly of the GAT-1 γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter*

The transmembrane topology of the Na+- and Cl−-dependent γ-aminobutyric acid transporter GAT-1 has been studied using protein chimeras inXenopus oocytes. A series of COOH-terminal truncations was generated to which a prolactin epitope was fused. Following expression of transporter-prolactin chimeras in Xenopus oocytes, the transmembrane orientation of each chimera was determined by testing for protease sensitivity in an oocyte membrane preparation. Data from protease protection assays with GAT-1-prolactin chimeras has shown that residues in the loops connecting hydrophobic domain (HD)3 and HD4 and HD7 and HD8 are accessible to protease in the cytoplasm and suggest the presence of pore loop structures which extend into the membrane from the extracellular face. Such pore loop structures may be involved in the formation of the substrate-binding pocket. Studies presented herein confirm that the NH2 and COOH termini are cytosolic and hydrophobic domains span the membrane in a manner consistent with the predicted hydropathy model for Na+- and Cl−-dependent transporters. These data also provide insight into GAT-1 transmembrane assembly and suggest that a complex series of topogenic sequences directs this process. A potential pause-transfer sequence has been identified and may be responsible for the translocational pausing observed in this study.
Anti-neoplastic activity of topotecan versus cisplatin, etoposide and paclitaxel in four squamous cell cancer cell lines of the female genital tract using an ATP-Tumor Chemosensitivity Assay

We evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity of topotecan (TPT), versus cisplatin, etoposide (VP-16) and paclitaxel (PTX) in four squamous cell cancer cell lines of the cervix uteri and vulva. Four established human squamous cancer cell lines from the cervix uteri (A-431, Ca Ski and C-33) and vulva (CAL-39) were used. The cytotoxic effects of the agents were examined using the ATP-Tumor Chemosensitivity Assay (ATP-TCA). In addition to the single agents, the following combinations were tested: TPT+cisplatin, TPT+VP-16 and TPT+PTX. Three cell lines (C-33, Ca Ski and CAL-39) were highly sensitive to TPT, but one cell line (A-431) was less sensitive. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of TPT was superior to that of cisplatin in Ca Ski and C-33 cells, but inferior in CAL-39 and A-431. TPT was also more active than VP-16 in CAL-39 and Ca Ski. On the other hand, the cytotoxic activity of TPT was weaker than PTX in C-33, CAL-39 and A-431. TPT increased the cytotoxic activity of cisplatin and VP-16 in C-33, Ca Ski and A-431. However, synergistic features were observed only in A-431 cells. TPT also enhanced the cytotoxic activity of PTX in A-431 and Ca Ski. In CAL-39 and C-33, however, increased cytotoxic activity occurred only at higher drug concentrations, whereas antagonism was observed at lower drug concentrations. In conclusion, our results suggest that TPT has a significant cytotoxic effect on most squamous cell cancer cell lines which may be superior to cisplatin, VP-16 and PTX in some instances. Furthermore, TPT is likely to potentiate the cytotoxic activity of these agents in individual cell lines tested.
A Microethnographic and Ethnobotanical Approach to Llayta Consumption among the Andes Feeding Practices

Llayta is a dietary supplement used by rural communities in Perú and northern Chile since pre-Columbian days. Llayta is the biomass of colonies of a Nostoc cyanobacterium grown in wetlands of the Andean highlands, harvested, sun-dried and sold as an ingredient for human consumption. The biomass has a substantial content of essential amino acids (58% of total amino acids) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (33% total fatty acids). This ancestral practice is being loss and the causes were investigated by an ethnographic approach to register the social representations of Llayta, to document how this Andean feeding practice is perceived and how much the community knows about Llayta. Only 37% of the participants (mostly adults) have had a direct experience with Llayta; other participants (mostly children) did not have any knowledge about it. These social responses reflect anthropological and cultural tensions associated to lack of knowledge on Andean algae, sites where to find Llayta, where it is commercialized, how it is cooked and on its nutritional benefits. The loss of this ancestral feeding practice, mostly on northern Chile, is probably associated to cultural changes, migration of the rural communities, and a very limited access to the available information. We propose that Llayta consumption can be revitalized by developing appropriate educational strategies and investigating potential new food derivatives based on the biomass from the isolated Llayta cyanobacterium.
Foundations for Natural Proofs and antifier Instantiation 10 : 3 quantification in SMT solvers as well as in the work on natural proofs [

We give foundational results that explain the efficacy of heuristics used for dealing with quantified formulas and recursive definitions. We develop a framework for first order logic (FOL) over an uninterpreted combination of background theories. Our central technical result is that systematic term instantiation is complete for a fragment of FOL that we call safe. Coupled with the fact that unfolding recursive definitions is essentially term instantiation and with the observation that heap verification engines generate verification conditions in the safe fragment explains the efficacy of verification engines like natural proofs that resort to such heuristics. Furthermore, we study recursive definitions with least fixpoint semantics and show that though they are not amenable to complete procedures, we can systematically introduce induction principles that in practice bridge the divide between FOL and FOL with recursive definitions.
Multi-objective optimization for security and QoS adaptation in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper we address the impact of the security cost in terms of energy consumption, processing time, and traffic load on quality of services (QoS) in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Offering security services (authentication, confidentiality, and integrity) and QoS (throughput, delay, and reliability) guarantee in WSNs is still challenging issue. The security and QoS are opposite parameters, and then security services must be dynamically and optimally adapted to QoS and network constraints (e.g. energy efficiency). Therefore, designing such solution that optimizes multiple conflicting objectives is computationally intractable. We propose a new solution based on multi-objective optimization using genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) for security, QoS, and energy efficiency in WSNs. Resource constraints as well as QoS requirements are respected through use of optimal security level based on evolutionary strategy. The obtained simulation results illustrate that the energy efficiency and the security level optimization is reached with different set of optimal security settings adapted to the QoS and the energy requirements.
INTERNATIONAL HEADACHE SOCIETY CRITERIA AND CHILDHOOD HEADACHE

The objective of this study was to determine whether the intuitive clinical diagnosis of a headache type made by paediatric neurologists would also have fulfilled International Headache Society (IHS) criteria for that type. Clinical information was recorded on data sheets. The neurologists made clinical diagnoses without referring to a fixed set of criteria. An independent physician then used the information on the data sheets to classify the child's headache by IHS criteria. Complete data sheets were available for 72 children, aged between four and 18 years. The intuitive clinical diagnosis was completely concordant with the criterion diagnosis of the IHS in 61 per cent, partially concordant in 31 per cent and at complete variance in 8 per cent. These data suggest that the IHS criteria can be applied to a majority of children in a referral‐based population such as this, but that minor revisions to the criteria are necessary to make them even more applicable to children.
Consensus Control for a Multi-Agent System With Integral-Type Event-Triggering Condition and Asynchronous Periodic Detection

In this paper, we use an event-triggered control methode to study the consensus problem for an asynchronous distributed multi-agent system. An integral-type event-triggering condition is proposed. Each agent periodically checks its triggering condition by its own clock. When the triggering condition for an agent is satisfied, then control inputs of this agent and its neighbors are updated. Based on local information, we present the consensus protocol, and using Lyapunov's methods, we show that all agents asymptotically reach an agreement on states. Finally, experiments are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed protocol.