Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
View‐Dependent Adaptive Animation of Liquids

Various adaptive mesh refinement techniques are often employed in numerical simulations for increasing spatial and temporal resolution beyond the limits imposed by available CPU time and memory space. Recently, an octree‐based adaptive mesh structure was successfully used in fluid animation to place more grid cells efficiently in visually interesting regions of fluids. In an attempt to optimize the use of computational resources further in fluid animation, this paper extends this adaptive technique by modifying the mesh refinement scheme so that the camera's viewing properties are dynamically exploited during the simulation. Based on a simple adaptive mesh structure, we show that the new meshing strategy can save a substantial amount of computation time and memory space by using a view‐dependent adaptive approach. The experimental results reveal that the proposed technique provides a good compromise between the computational effort and the simulation's fidelity, and may be used quite effectively in 3D animation production.
Características epidemiológicas y clínicas de las fracturas de cadera en adultos mayores en un hospital público chileno

Background: Hip fractures (HFx) are an important geriatric syndrome, with a high incidence in developing countries. Aim: To describe characteristics of a group of Chilean patients with HFx. Patients and Methods: In a cross-sectional study we included patients aged 60 years or more with a HF admitted to an orthopedic service along three years. Age, incidence, location, seasonality, hospital stay, time between HFx and surgery, mortality, prior treatment for osteoporosis, anatomical location, etiology and type of surgery were evaluated. Results: We evaluated 647 patients with a median age of 81 years (76% women). The calculated incidence of hip fracture for people aged ? 65 years was 177/100,000. Sixty six percent of fractures were extracapsular. Mean hospital stay was 17 days and the mean lapse between the fracture and surgery was 19 days. Eighty four percent of patients had osteoporosis and only 5% were receiving treatment. Eighty three percent of patients were operated. Osteosynthesis was mainly used for extracapsular fractures and arthroplasty for intracapsular lesions. Intracapsular HFx tended to occur more commonly during warm seasons (Odds ratio = 1.534). Mortality at one year was 24%. It was higher among non-operated patients in whom the proportion of males and number of comorbidities were significantly higher. Conclusions: A high proportion of patients with HFx have osteoporosis albeit a reduced number is receiving treatment. Non-operated patients had a higher risk profile and higher mortality.
Designing an Instrument for Providing Better Student Feedback on Teaching Effectiveness.

This article describes the process of designing a SET (student evaluation of teaching) instrument that is mapped against good practices in undergraduate education. Research has shown that teachers can significantly impact student learning. But how do teachers (and academic administrators) know when their teaching is effective? How do they go about acquiring feedback on their teaching? SET instruments have been widely utilized by universities and colleges as a form of summative and formative evaluation. Researchers— after reviewing fifty years of literature— say that there is little reason to doubt that SET can provide valid and useful information for both faculty members and administrators. The evidence suggests that students can make valid and reliable judgments about classroom teaching performance if asked the right questions. But there is no known instrument universally accepted by colleges and universities. In other words, each institution of learning has to develop its own contextually appropriate instrument, so that it is compatible with institutional needs and is aligned with good practices in teaching and learning. The description in this article is based on the experience and data collected by an action research project team tasked with developing a universally accepted instrument for measuring instructional effectiveness.
Multi-scale analysis of segmental outflow patterns in human trabecular meshwork with changing intraocular pressure.

PURPOSE Aqueous humor filtration in the trabecular meshwork is believed to be non-uniform or "segmental" such that only a fraction of trabecular meshwork is filtration-active at any given instant. The goal was to quantify the filtration-active fraction of human trabecular meshwork and to determine how filtration patterns change with outflow facility and intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS Six pair of enucleated human eyes were perfused with fluorescent tracer microspheres (0.2 μm) at 7 or 30 mmHg. Tracer patterns were imaged over the "macro-scale" (0.1-10 mm) using epifluorescence microscopy and "micro-scale" (10-100 μm) using confocal microscopy. Quantitative image analysis was used to measure the tracer-labeled fraction and to examine co-localization with trabecular pigmentation and the location of collector channel ostia. RESULTS Tracer distribution was segmental over both macro-scale and micro-scale dimensions. No more than approximately one-third of the trabecular meshwork appeared to be filtration-active on the macro scale (29%±5%; mean±SD) and micro scale (21%±6%). There was weak co-localization between macro-scale tracer intensity and pigmentation (r=0.17, P=0.017), and collector channel ostia tended to coincide with regions of high macro-scale tracer intensity. Tracer patterns were relatively insensitive to changing IOP over hour-long time scales and did not correlate with outflow facility. CONCLUSIONS Filtration patterns in human trabecular meshwork appear segmental over both macro-scale and micro-scale dimensions, with only approximately one-third of the trabecular meshwork actively contributing to outflow. Segmental outflow may limit the efficacy of outflow drugs by preventing delivery to non-filtering trabecular regions that may contribute the most to outflow obstruction in glaucoma.
Finding the right measure: from blueprint to specification to item type

One of the important challenges of test design and construction is to align the blueprint of a test and the specifications that flow from it with the task types that are selected to measure the language ability described in the blueprint. This article examines a number of such task types and their alignment with the blueprint of a particular test of academic literacy. In particular, we consider a reconceptualisation of one traditional task type that has been utilised in some pilot tests. Its modification, problems, and potential value and future application are examined. Key Words: language testing; test construction; test specifications; task types Journal for Language Teaching Vol.38(1) 2004: 15-24
Asthma, airway inflammation and epithelial damage in elite athletes

In recent years there has been special focus on the increased occurrence of asthma and bronchial responsiveness among top athletes within endurance sports. As early as 1989, an increase in nonspecific bronchial responsiveness after heavy endurance training was found in young competitive swimmers 1. Later, reports were made concerning increased prevalence of asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to metacholine among top cross-country skiers 2, 3. Reports came from Trondheim (Norway) regarding inflammatory changes in bronchial biopsies appearing during a winter season in young competitive cross-country skiers 4, 5. These studies confirmed that both bronchial responsiveness and airway inflammation increased through heavy endurance training 1–5. In the Olympic arena, such reports were confirmed by Voy 6, who reported a prevalence of exercise-induced asthma of 11% among the American summer Olympic athletes of 1984; this increased to >20% among the American participants in the 1996 summer Olympic Games, and was especially high among cyclists and mountain bikers 7. K. Fitch (who supplied some of the data presented in 8) reported that the use of asthma drugs and, in particular, inhaled β2-agonists, was highest in cross-country skiing and speed-skating followed by cycling, Nordic combined (both cross-country skiing and ski jumping) …
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Severe Hypodontia: A Clinical Report

The pattern of renal diseases in children presented to the tertiary pediatric nephrology center at King Abdulaziz University Hospital was reviewed respectively over the period of 8 years (2005–2012). A total of 850 children were seen. Male: female ratio is 2:1. Median (range) age at presentation was 9 (0.01-16) years. Fifty-five percent were Saudi and 45% were from various nationalities. Underlying etiology was congenital or inherited disease in 55.5% of the children. Glomerular diseases were the most common in acquired causes while obstructive uropathy was the most common in congenital causes. Non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder was the most common underlying diagnosis of children with urological abnormalities (28%), followed by posterior urethral valve (26%). Nephrotic syndrome was the most common of glomerular diseases with 31% with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. Renal impairment was present in 315 children with low glomerular filtration rate; chronic kidney disease stage 2 in 88, stage 3 in 84, stage 4 in 35 and stage 5 in 108. In conclusion, childhood congenital or inherited renal diseases were the majority. Non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder was the most common urological abnormality and nephrotic syndrome was the most common glomerular disease with high percentage of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. A considerable percentage presented with advanced chronic kidney disease.
Collaborative Filtering for Massive Datasets Based on Bayesian Networks

This paper proposes a collaborative filtering method for massive datasets that is based on Bayesian networks. We first compare the prediction accuracy of four scoring-based learning Bayesian networks algorithms (AIC, MDL, UPSM, and BDeu) and two conditional-independence-based (Cl-based) learning Bayesian networks algorithms (MWST, and Polytree-MWST) using actual massive datasets. The results show that (1) for large networks, the scoring-based algorithms have lower prediction accuracy than the CI-based algorithms and (2) when the scoring-based algorithms use a greedy search to learn a large network, algorithms which make a lot of arcs tend to have less prediction accuracy than those that make fewer arcs. Next, we propose a learning algorithm based on MWST for collaborative filtering of massive datasets. The proposed algorithm employs a traditional data mining technique, the “a priori” algorithm, to quickly calculate the amount of mutual information, which is needed in MWST, from massive datasets. We compare the original MWST algorithm and the proposed algorithm on actual data, and the comparison shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Current Expert Views on Metal-on-Metal Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty. Consensus of the 6th Advanced Hip Resurfacing Course, Ghent, Belgium, May 2014

This paper reports the consensus of an international faculty of expert metal-on-metal (MoM) hip resurfacing surgeons, with a combined experience of over 40,000 cases, on the current status of hip resurfacing arthroplasty. Indications, design and metallurgy issues, release of metal ions and adverse soft tissue reactions to particles, management of problematic cases and revisions, as well as required experience and training are covered. The overall consensus is that MoM hip resurfacing should not be banned and should be viewed separately from MoM total hip arthroplasty (THA) with a large diameter head because of the different design and wear behaviour related to the taper/trunnion connection. The use of hip resurfacing has decreased worldwide but specialist centres continue to advocate hip resurfacing in young and active male patients. Regarding age the general recommendation is to avoid hip resurfacing in men older than 65 and in women older than 55, depending on the patient activity and bone quality. Female gender is considered a relative contraindication. Most surgeons would not implant a MoM hip in women who would still like a child. Regardless of gender, there is a consensus not to perform hip resurfacing in case of a femoral head size smaller than 46 mm and in patients with renal insufficiency or with a known metal allergy. Regarding follow-up of hip resurfacing and detection of adverse local tissue reactions, metal ion measurements, MRI and ultrasound are advocated depending on the local expertise. The consensus is that hip resurfacing should be limited to high volume hip surgeons, who are experienced in hip resurfacing or trained to perform hip resurfacing in a specialist centre.
Gender-related differences in cardiovascular risk profile in black patients with diabetes

Background: Women with diabetes mellitus are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease compared to men and this may be a result of greater clustering of risk factors among women. This study aimed to assess gender differences in cardiovascular risk factors among adults with diabetes mellitus. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study involved 100 patients with diabetes. Fifty individuals without diabetes matched for gender were selected for comparison. Blood samples were analyzed for fasting glucose, lipid parameters and serum creatinine. Results: The patients with DM were significantly older than those without, with higher body mass index, blood pressures, lower HDL cholesterol and lower eGFR. Among those with diabetes, females had higher blood pressures and body mass index (BMI) but significantly lower eGFR compared to males. There was a significant negative correlation between duration of diabetes and eGFR in females (r= -0.544, p<0.001) but not in males (r= -0.271, p= 0.065). On multiple regressions, age and gender were significant independent predictors of declining eGFR. Overall less than one third of the patients with DM were at the recommended target for BMI, 35%achieved fasting blood glucose target with significantly fewer women compared to men achieving this (p=0.005). Thirty four percent achieved LDL target with no significant difference between males and females. Significantly fewer women achieved the BP and HDL targets compared to men.
Plating Versus External Fixation of Displaced Distal Radial Fractures

The purpose of the review was to outline the surgical anatomy, surgical indications, broad surgical options, and to analyse comparative studies of plating versus external fixation looking at the subsequent functional outcomes. A comprehensive literature search over the past 20 years was performed utilising MEDLINE/Pub med, as well as the Hinari programme. There has been a recent trend toward stable internal fixation and more specifically volar locking plates. External fixation has been associated with delayed wrist rehabilitation and a more demanding post operative course. Despite these facts, the results of comparative studies between external fixation and plating initially did not demonstrate a superior outcome one way or the other. The results varied according to whether plating was volar or dorsal as well as if the plates were conventional or locking. The results were generally reported as functional outcome and or complication rates. The majority of comparative studies of plating versus external fixation had variable types of methodological flaws. More recent meta-analysis now demonstrate a trend towards volar plating because of a quicker return to function, lower complication rates and superior DASH and VAS scores as compared with external fixation.
Access to artificial reproduction technology in the Nordic countries in 2004

Objective. To survey access to Artificial Reproduction Technology (ART) treatments in 2004 with regard to legislation, geographical location, financing and the kind of ART treatments provided in the Nordic countries. Design. Retrospective descriptive survey of practice at ART clinics and legislation. Setting. Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Sample. Sixty‐six ART clinics registered with the Nordic Fertility Society in autumn 2005. Methods. A questionnaire was sent to all ART clinics and a survey of legislation concerning ART treatments and public statistics was performed. The response rate was 79%. Main outcome measures. Access to ART treatments. Results. The differences in legislation among the countries mainly concerns gamete donation. Couples living in larger cities or densely populated areas have best access to ART treatments. With regard to subsidizing of treatment costs, Finland and Denmark seem to be the best of the Nordic countries. Conclusions. The main differences among the countries concern the legislation, the cost of the treatments and how those are subsidized.
Nurses' perception of disaster: implications for disaster nursing curriculum.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to identify nurses' perception of disaster, whether they considered some of the events that have occurred in Hong Kong to be disasters and the types of disastrous events that they considered likely in Hong Kong. BACKGROUND The frequent occurrence of disasters has caused concern internationally. When disaster strikes, the demands on nursing staff are much higher than those on other healthcare professionals. There is little understanding of the concept of disaster among nurses in Hong Kong. DESIGN This was a descriptive study. A questionnaire was used to explore nurses' perception of disaster. METHOD The questionnaire was distributed to all registered nurses studying in a master's degree programme in a university in Hong Kong. FINDINGS Only 123 out of the 164 respondents (75%) gave a description of disaster in the open-ended question. Sixty-one per cent of them described unfortunate events with large numbers of victims as disasters. The 'Lan Kwai Fong tragedy--stampede caused by over-crowdedness' (90.9%) and the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak (89.6%) were commonly referred to as disasters in Hong Kong. Fires in tall buildings (61.6%), infectious disease outbreaks (61%) and stampedes caused by overcrowding (48.8%) were rated as the events most likely to happen in Hong Kong. CONCLUSION Understanding how nurses perceive disaster and the likelihood of disastrous events is the initial step for disaster planning and the development of a disaster nursing curriculum in Hong Kong. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE All nurses around the world should be equipped with knowledge and skills for disaster care. This study provides information and implications for related research and the development of a disaster nursing curriculum to meet the global demand for disaster preparedness.
CYCLOPES algorithmic development for estimating biophysical products from large swath sensors

The European CYCLOPES project will soon provide biophysical products from the synergy of large swath sensors on an operational basis. This paper is dedicated to the description of the retrieval algorithm. The latter relies on a physical model of reflectance and is regionalized, i.e. based on biome type and radiometric data derived from the CYTTARES database.
Investigating the efficacy of embedment: experiments in information literacy integration

Purpose – This paper seeks to present the findings of a series of experiments in embedding a librarian at a variety of levels into the undergraduate classroom. This study aimed to determine whether different levels of librarian embedment correlated with improvement in undergraduate students' information literacy (IL) skills.Design/methodology/approach – Students from five undergraduate History courses and two undergraduate Women's Studies courses participated in the study. A librarian was embedded in each of the courses, at a variety of levels across courses. All student assignments were graded using a standardized rubric. Students' IL skills were assessed using the research component of the rubric, which measured their ability to locate, retrieve, evaluate, and incorporate sources into their assignments. Students' research and overall scores on their initial problem‐based learning (PBL) assignments and written assignments were compared to their final assignment scores in order to assess improvement over .
Impact of molecular screening for point mutations and rearrangements in routine air-dried fine-needle aspiration samples of thyroid nodules.

BACKGROUND The diagnostic limitations of thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA), such as the indeterminate category, can be partially overcome by molecular analyses. However, until now, rearrangements have only been detected in fresh FNA material and the number of follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) was rather low in previous studies. We aimed at investigating the impact of point mutations and rearrangement detection in a set of routine air-dried FNA smears with a higher percentage of FTCs. METHODS RNA and DNA was extracted from 310 FNAs (164 indeterminate, 57 malignant, 89 benign) and corresponding formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (156 follicular adenomas [FAs], 32 FTCs, 44 papillary thyroid carcinomas [PTCs], 9 follicular variant PTCs, and 69 goiters). PAX8/PPARG and RET/PTC rearrangements were detected by qPCR, BRAF and RAS mutations by high-resolution melting PCR and by pyrosequencing. RESULTS Forty-seven mutations were detected in the FNAs: 22 BRAF, 13 NRAS, and 3 HRAS mutations, 8 PAX8/PPARG, and one RET/PTC-rearrangement. While the presence of a BRAF and RET/PTC mutation was associated with cancer in 100% of samples each, the presence of a RAS and PAX8/PPARG mutation was associated with cancer in only 12% and 50% of samples, respectively. In the indeterminate group 4 of 25 carcinomas were identified by molecular FNA screening, which increased the sensitivity from 67% (cytology alone) to 75% (cytology plus molecular screening). CONCLUSION Molecular screening for point mutations and rearrangements is feasible in air-dried FNAs. Although the impact of detecting point mutations and rearrangements in FNAs has most likely been overestimated in previous studies, molecular FNA analyses improve presurgical diagnostics. The detection of BRAF mutations in FNA may improve the choice of surgery and postsurgical treatment. Further data are necessary to elucidate the true impact of detecting RAS and PAX8/PPARG mutations in FNAs. The inclusion of additional rare somatic mutations and miRNA markers might further improve the impact of molecular FNA diagnostics.
Prediction of future fading based on past measurements

The possibility of predicting the complex radio channel ahead in time when the terminal is moving in a straight line is investigated. It is assumed that a number of samples with constant spatial sampling period are available. The Doppler spectrum and the amplitude of the complex scatterers are determined using an ESPRIT-type algorithm, and the signals are then extrapolated into the future assuming that the scatterers remain constant. Synthetic and real data both indicate that for a large number of scatterers, a continuous Doppler spectrum, the signal may be predicted about a wavelength ahead. This assumes that the sampling is sufficiently dense.