Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung: A population-based study.

e13122 Background: In 2015, the World Health Organization dissolved the category of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that was previously known as “large cell carcinoma” into adeno- or squamous cell carcinomas, with the exception of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), which is now grouped with other neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung. There is limited data on the epidemiology and best treatment practices for this malignancy, and studies comparing prognosis with SCLC and NSCLC have been conflicting. Methods: We reviewed the epidemiology of LCNEC using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program from 2010 – 2015. Demographical features and overall survival were compared with SCLC and NSCLC. Trends in incidence and mortality rates were observed from 2004 – 2015. Results: We analyzed 195,148 cases of lung cancer, including 1,681 (0.9%) cases of LCNEC. Age-adjusted incidence of LCNEC was 0.31 per 100,000 people and had increased by 50% over the period studied. This increased incidence was primarily the result of increased incidence of stage IV disease. LCNEC was more likely to present with brain metastasis at diagnosis (19.2%) than either SCLC (16.7%, p = .01) or NSCLC (13.0%, p < .001). Survival patterns for LCNEC mirrored NSCLC in stage I – III disease and SCLC in stage IV disease. After adjusting for other clinical and demographic variables, survival for LCNEC was not different than SCLC but worse than NSCLC (HR = 0.88 for NSCLC vs. LCNEC, p < .001). Survival rates for LCNEC and SCLC did not significantly change over the time period studied, whereas survival rates for NSCLC significantly improved. Consistent with our findings of increased incidence of LCNEC with no change in survival patterns, age-adjusted incidence-based mortality increased by two-fold over the time period studied. Conclusions: LCNEC generally has a worse prognosis than NSCLC and better than SCLC. LCNEC presents with brain metastases more frequently than SCLC. Incidence of LCNEC is consistently increasing in the U.S. Despite this, it remains poorly studied and prognosis for LCNEC has not improved with time. LCNEC has, therefore, become an increasing cause of lung cancer mortality in the American population.
Age-Related Differences in Hospitalization Rates, Clinical Presentation, and Outcomes Among Older Adults Hospitalized With Influenza-U.S. Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET).

BACKGROUND Rates of influenza hospitalizations differ by age, but few data are available regarding differences in laboratory-confirmed rates among adults aged ≥65 years. METHODS We evaluated age-related differences in influenza-associated hospitalization rates, clinical presentation, and outcomes among 19 760 older adults with laboratory-confirmed influenza at 14 FluSurv-NET sites during the 2011-2012 through 2014-2015 influenza seasons using 10-year age groups. RESULTS There were large stepwise increases in the population rates of influenza hospitalization with each 10-year increase in age. Rates ranged from 101-417, 209-1264, and 562-2651 per 100 000 persons over 4 influenza seasons in patients aged 65-74 years, 75-84 years, and ≥85 years, respectively. Hospitalization rates among adults aged 75-84 years and ≥85 years were 1.4-3.0 and 2.2-6.4 times greater, respectively, than rates for adults aged 65-74 years. Among patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza, there were age-related differences in demographics, medical histories, and symptoms and signs at presentation. Compared to hospitalized patients aged 65-74 years, patients aged ≥85 years had higher odds of pneumonia (aOR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.3; P = .01) and in-hospital death or transfer to hospice (aOR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.7-2.6; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Age-related differences in the incidence and severity of influenza hospitalizations among adults aged ≥65 years can inform prevention and treatment efforts, and data should be analyzed and reported using additional age strata.
Updated results of TRIBE2, a phase III, randomized strategy study by GONO in the first- and second-line treatment of unresectable mCRC.

3508 Background: In the phase III TRIBE study FOLFOXIRI/bev significantly improved Response Rate (RR), PFS and OS when compared with FOLFIRI/bev as initial treatment of mCRC. However, the actual advantage by the triplet could be lower when compared with a pre-planned sequential strategy of doublets (FOLFOX, FOLFIRI). TRIBE2 (NCT02339116) is a phase III trial in which unresectable mCRC pts were randomized 1:1 to FOLFOX/bev followed by FOLFIRI/bev after PD (arm A) or FOLFOXIRI/bev followed by the reintroduction of the same regimen after PD (arm B). A pre-planned interim analysis showed a significant advantage for arm B in terms of PFS2, primary endpoint of the study, defined as the time from randomization to PD on any treatment given after first PD or death (PD2). Methods: The study had 80% power to detect a HR for PFS2 of 0.77 in favor of arm B with an overall 2-sided-α error of 0.05 (0.0131 and 0.0455 for the interim and final analyses, planned at 303 and 466 PFS2 events, respectively). Secondary endpoints included RR, 1st-PFS, i.e. the time from randomization to the first evidence of PD or death (PD1), 2nd-PFS, i.e. the time from PD1 to PD2, and OS. Results: From February 2015 to May 2017, 679 pts (arm A/B: 340/339) were enrolled in 58 Italian sites. Main pts’ characteristics were (arm A/B): right side 38%/38%, synchronous mets 89%/89%, RAS mutant 65%/63%, BRAF mutant 10%/10%. At a median follow up of 30.6 mos, 514 (arm A/B: 272/242) PD2, 594 (arm A/B: 303/291) PD1 and 408 (arm A/B: 217/191) OS events were collected. A significant advantage by upfront FOLFOXIRI/bev was confirmed in terms of PFS2 (19.1 vs 16.4 mos, HR 0.74, 95%CI 0.62-0.88, p<0.001), RR (62% vs 50%, OR 1.61, 95%CI 1.19-2.18, p=0.002) and 1st-PFS (12.0 vs 9.8 mos, HR 0.75, 95%CI 0.63-0.88, p<0.001). A significant OS benefit for pts in arm B was also observed (27.6 vs 22.6 mos, HR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.67-0.98, p=0.033). Out of 594 pts with a PD1 event, 470 (79%, arm A/B: 251/219) received a treatment after PD. In the per-protocol analysis (N=323), pts in arm B showed significantly longer 2nd-PFS (6.5 vs 5.8 mos, HR 0.76, 95%CI 0.59-0.97, p=0.024). Conclusion: Upfront FOLFOXIRI/bev followed by the pre-planned reintroduction of the same agents after PD provided a statistically significant and clinically relevant PFS2 and OS benefit when compared with the pre-planned sequential administration of FOLFOX/bev and FOLFIRI/bev in unresectable mCRC patients. A median OS of 27.6 mos was reached despite the high percentage of pts with poor prognostic features ( RAS and BRAF mutations, right side, synchronous mets). Clinical trial information: NCT02339116.
FDA analysis of outcomes in Asian patients (pts) with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).

e20690 Background: Asian pts tend to be well-represented in mNSCLC clinical trials, and drug development in Asia is growing. We sought to investigate outcomes of Asian pts enrolled in clinical trials testing ICI in mNSCLC. Methods: We identified 11 ICI mNSCLC randomized trials submitted to FDA 2014-2018. We divided the trials into 3 groups: 1st-line monotherapy (1L-M), 1st-line combination with chemotherapy [chemo] (1L-C), and 2nd-line monotherapy (2L-M). Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier methodology. We performed meta-analyses to assess if treatment effect is consistent across Asian and non-Asian populations. Results: There were 3399 patients enrolled in five 2L-M trials, 1579 in two 1L-M trials, and 2500 in four 1L-C trials. Most Asian pts were located geographically in Asia (90%). Asians comprised 15% of patients enrolled in 2L-M trials, 27% in 1L-M, and 11% in 1L-C. Compared to non-Asians, a higher proportion of Asians were never-smokers (32% vs. 13%) and EGFR-mutated (13% vs. 4%). Asian pts had better unadjusted and adjusted OS than non-Asian pts for each treatment in each line of therapy. The 3 covariates with greatest prognostic impact on OS in 2L-M were race, performance status, and histology. The magnitude of ICI treatment effect relative to chemo was similar for Asian and non-Asian pts. Conclusions: Asians appear to have better prognosis than non-Asians; no uniquely better or worse benefit was observed from ICI when compared to chemotherapy. [Table: see text]
Autophagy and Cell Death in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Prion Diseases

Neurodegenerative brain disorders (NBD) impair brain cells’ proteostasis with the accumulation of normal, mutant, misfolded or unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The increased ER burden of these proteins elicits the unfolded protein response (UPR) and stimulates autophagy (AUT). In the short term, UPR and AUT attenuate ER’s burden. With prolonged ER stress, the UPR changes from supporting cell survival to promoting apoptosis. The failure of the UPR, to meet the increased protein burden, leads to an increase in cytosolic protein accumulation that initially further stimulates AUT. Over time, the accumulated proteins in the cytosol undergo post-translational changes into toxic monomers and oligomers that repress AUT at multiple levels and promote cell death. This review describes the interlinked signalling pathways of AUT, apoptosis and necroptosis and their modulation by Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and prion diseases and outlines the pharmacological strategies for targeting AUT, apoptosis and necroptosis signalling pathways.
Assessment of microRNA expression in leukemic cells as predictors of sensitivity to purine nucleoside analogs, fludarabine and cladribine, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients

Background: Great progress has been achieved lately in the therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), one of the most frequently diagnosed adult leukemias. New classes of drugs, such as kinase inhibitors and BCL-2 protein antagonists, have been approved for treatment of CLL patients. Despite the abovementioned therapies the disease can still be effectively treated with purine nucleoside analogs (PNA). However, some patients, for example, those with TP53 gene abnormalities, become resistant, and the other factors involved in the therapy resistance are still being investigated. This study was aimed at analyzing the possible role of microRNAs as markers predicting the outcome of chemotherapy based on PNA – fludarabine and cladribine in CLL patients. Methods: The expression of miR-21, miR-34a, miR-181a and miR-221 in previously separated leukemic cells was assessed with the use of qRQ-PCR technique at the moment of diagnosis in 40 CLL patients. In turn, apoptosis induced by fludarabine and cladribine in 24-hour cell culture was evaluated by determining the increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells of CD5+/CD19+/Cas3+ phenotype, using a flow cytometry method. Nine of the 40 studied subjects were treated with fludarabine-based regimens and were analyzed with regards to in vivo response to PNA. Results: We detected a significantly higher PNA-induced apoptosis rate in patients with high miR-34a expression in comparison to low expression ones. Interestingly, such differences were detected particularly in standard cytogenetic patients. Conclusions: These results may prove an important role of miR-34a expression as a predictor of apoptosis, even in cases when other risk factors like cytogenetic abnormalities are absent. An assessment of microRNAs expression seems to be useful as an indicator of sensitivity to PNA and may help to predict PNA-based therapy outcome.
Tailored dose-dense chemotherapy in combination with trastuzumab as adjuvant therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer: A secondary analysis of the phase III PANTHER trial.

553 Background: Dose-dense (DD) adjuvant chemotherapy improves outcomes in early breast cancer (BC). However, there are no data to inform on the combination of DD chemotherapy with trastuzumab for patients with HER2-positive disease. Methods: This is a protocol predefined secondary analysis of the randomized phase 3 PANTER trial. Women 65 years old or younger with node-positive or high-risk node negative BC were randomized 1:1 to either tailored according to hematologic nadirs and DD epirubicin/cyclophosphamide (4 cycles) followed by 4 cycles of docetaxel (tDD EC/D) or standard 3-weekly 5-fluorouracil/E/C (3 cycles) and D (3 cycles); Patients with HER2-positive disease received 1 year of adjuvant trastuzumab. In addition, HER2-positive and an equal number of matched for age, treatment group and institution, HER2-negative patients that were enrolled in Swedish sites were enrolled in a predefined study of cardiac safety and underwent echocardiography or MUGA and electrocardiography at baseline and at four and six years of follow-up. The primary endpoint was BC relapse-free survival (BCRFS). Results: There were 342 HER2-positive patients; 335 received at least one dose of trastuzumab, while 29 patients discontinued trastuzumab prematurely. BCRFS was not statistically significantly in favor of tDD EC/D (HR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.37 – 1.27, P= 0.231). Cardiac outcomes after four and six years of follow-up did not differ significantly between HER2-positive and HER2-negative patients, nor between tDD and standard treatment. Conclusions: To our knowledge, these are the only data on combining DD adjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab in BC. The combination decreased the risk for BC relapse by 32% compared to standard treatment, a statistically non-significant difference. Its efficacy and safety merit further evaluation as part of both escalation and de-escalation strategies. Clinical trial information: NCT00798070.
Rehabilitación bucal después de la retirada de un fibroma cemento-osificante central

Introduction: The cemento-ossifying fibroma is a benign bone neoplasm that affects mainly the female sex during the third or fourth decades of life. This lesion has a slow growth and the treatment is the surgical removal of the tumor, because radiotherapy is not indicated. Objective: to describe and discuss a case of central cemento-ossifying fibroma. Case report: A 41-year-old female patient sought dental treatment due to tooth mobility in the anterior region of the mandible. In this region of the mandible, an increase in volume was noted with a firm consistency on palpation, covered by normal mucosa, and displacement of teeth. Radiographically, the presence of an extensive lesion in this region was observed. An incisional biopsy was performed which led to the final diagnosis of central cemento-ossifying fibroma. Subsequently the tumor was completely removed. An autogenous bone graft was performed and four osseointegrated implants were installed to rehabilitate the patient. Implant-supported prostheses (lower arch) and a complete denture (upper arch) were installed to restore esthetics and function of the patient's oral cavity. Conclusions: Despite being a benign tumor, the central cemento-ossifying fibroma caused functional and aesthetic damage to the patient and required a complex rehabilitation treatment. After approximately 5 years of tumor removal, there was no recurrence of the lesion or signs of peri-implant or periodontal diseases, evidencing the success of the treatments.
A study for efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose versus iron sucrose in iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women in tertiary care hospital

Background: Anemia is one of the common manageable problem among the pregnant women worldwide, which contributes to maternal and perinatal mortality. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose with intravenous iron sucrose in treating anemia during pregnancy. Objective of this study was to compare safety and efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose with intravenous ferric sucrose in iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.Methods: It’s an interventional prospective study conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at NIMS, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India constituting of 100 pregnant women. Group 1- 50 pregnant women were treated with intravenous ferric carboxymaltose and Group 2: 50 pregnant women were treated with intravenous iron sucrose. Hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were measured pre and post treatment with parenteral iron therapy. The efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in comparison to intravenous iron sucrose was assessed. The evaluation of safety and tolerance with the parenteral therapy was also performed.Results: Anemia during pregnancy was more prevalent among the reproductive age group and in multiparous women. The mean rise in the hemoglobin level with ferric carboxymaltose was 2.92 gm/dl and with that of iron, sucrose was 1.08 gm/dl. The man rise in the serum ferritin levels with ferric carboxymaltose was 64.97ng/ml and with iron sucrose was 31.64 ng/ml. Ferric carboxymaltose was observed to be safer with no adverse events in comparison to the Iron sucrose which was related with adverse events among 03 pregnant women.Conclusions: Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose was more efficacious and safer in comparison to intravenous iron sucrose among pregnant women. Hence, ferric carboxymaltose is the drug of choice in treatment of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.
Influence of Oils on the Toxicity of Amitrole to Quackgrass

In field trials, 2 gpa of oil enhanced the herbicidal activity of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (amitrole) and a mixture of amitrole + ammonium thiocyanate (hereinafter referred to as amitrole-T) on quackgrass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. ). None of the oils consistently increased the toxicity of other foliarly-applied herbicides. A paraffinic mineral oil enhanced the activity of amitrole on quackgrass to a greater degree than NH4SCN. The inclusion of a paraffinic mineral oil enhanced both the amount and the rate of 14C-amitrole and amitrole-T translocated from the treated leaf to the shoots and roots, this being more pronounced with amitrole (twelvefold) than with amitrole-T (twofold).
Contribution to the knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Eremella (Acari, Oribatida, Eremellidae)

A new species of Eremella Berlese, 1913 (Oribatida, Eremellidae) is described from a termite nest of Cornitermes silvestrii Emerson in Snyder, 1949 (Isoptera, Termitidae) in Brazil. Eremella vazdemelloi sp. nov. differs from Eremella ensifera Balogh and Mahunka, 1968 by the presence of short notogastral setae, the bothridial setae specifically directed posterolaterally, and the absence of tutorial ridges. Revised generic diagnosis and an identification key to known species of Eremella are presented. The taxonomic status of the eremellid genera Licnocepheus Woolley, 1969, Triteremella Kunst, 1971 and Afreremella Mahunka, 1973 are discussed, resulting in the following new taxonomic proposals: Eremella (=Licnocepheus syn. nov.), Eremella (=Triteremella syn. nov.), Eremella reticulatus (Woolley, 1969) comb. nov. (from Licnocepheus), Eremella simpliseta (Mahunka, 2011) comb. nov. (from Triteremella). Also, the generic status of Afreremella and Archeremella Balogh and Mahunka, 1974, and initial systematic placement of Afreremella luisiae Mahunka, 1973, Eremella kaszabi Csiszár, 1962 and Eremella matildebellae Mahunka and Palacios-Vargas, 1995 are supported.
Dietas bajas en hidratos de carbono y rendimiento deportivo: Revisión Sistemática

Objectives. To review recent scientific literature that investigated the effects of low carbohydrate diets in body composition and performance management in athletes of different sport disciplines.Methodology. Two independent researchers performed a search within four different databases using the terms “Low Carbohydrate Diet” AND “Performance”. Full text articles that studied the effects of low carbohydrate interventions of at least three weeks of duration were included in the review. Low carbohydrate diets were defined as less than 50 grams of carbohydrates consumed per day or, alternatively, less than 10% of the daily energy coming from this energy source. The search included articles published between 1st january 2012 and 1st december 2018.Results. 11 studies including 121 subjects were included in the final review. All three studies that included subjects corresponding to strength disciplines found no impairment in performance and improvements in body composition in this subgroup. Of the eight studies that included endurance athletes, three showed impairments in performance, other three showed improvements and two found neutral results. Studies that included endurance athletes showed improvements in body composition at expenses of total mass and fat mass reductions.Conclusions. The low carbohydrate diet does not seem to produce impairments in performance in strength sports. On the contrary, despite what could suggest a better fat oxidation, results in endurance modalities were contradictory. The diet induced changes in body composition in all athletes, at expenses of body mass and fat mass reductions.
Taguchi Methods For Robust Design

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Sonographic measurements for kidney length in normal Saudi children: correlation with other body parameters

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Ultrasonography provides a quick assessment of visceral organ dimensions without any risk of radiation. Since many diseases can affect the kidney size, having a reliable reference for kidney length in children is valuable for clinical assessment. OBJECTIVE: Establish normal growth curves for renal length in relation to sex, age, body weight, height, body mass index and body surface area of healthy children in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN: Retrospective review of ultrasonography images. SETTING: Tertiary referral hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included all normal ultrasonography exams of renal length from full-term neonates to children ≤14 years old performed between 2003 and 2018. Data was collected retrospectively from the electronic archive and patient records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relationship between the longitudinal length of both kidneys and age, height, weight, body mass index and body surface area. SAMPLE SIZE: 950 patients. RESULTS: The left kidneys were longer than the right kidneys (P<.001). Height had the most significant correlation with kidney length (R2=0.829, P<.001 for right kidney; R2=0.831,P<.001 for left kidney). There was a consistent difference in kidney length by sex. Both kidneys were longer in males than females (P=.031, right kidney:, P=.015, left kidney). In terms of renal growth by age, our data showed a statistically significant difference before and after 24 months of age. There was no significant difference between populations from Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong (P=.485) and Australia (P=.99), but the difference between Saudi and American children was significant (P<.001). However, we did not have the data from those studies for direct comparison. The correlation plots of renal length versus age for all four countries were similar. CONCLUSION: The tables and correlation plots generated from this study should be useful to radiology departments in assessing conditions in children ≤14 years of age that lead to changes in renal size. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective, and there were differences in ultrasonographic techniques for patient positioning and cursor placement that can affect the reproducibility of measurements of renal length. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.