Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Xenobiotic response element binding enriched in both nuclear and microsomal fractions of rat cerebellum

Xenobiotic response element (XRE) is a core nucleotide sequence at the upstream of inducible target genes for the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) that is responsible for signal transduction of exogenous environmental pollutants in eukaryotic cells. Immunoblotting analysis revealed the constitutive expression of AhR‐related proteins in rat liver and brain, while specific binding of a radiolabelled probe containing XRE was detected in nuclear preparations of both liver and brain on gel retardation electrophoresis. Among discrete rat brain structures examined, cerebellum exhibited the highest XRE binding with less potent binding in hypothalamus, midbrain, medulla‐oblongata, hippocampus, cerebral cortex and striatum. In contrast to liver and hippocampus, cerebellum also contained unusually higher XRE binding in microsomal fractions than that in either nuclear or mitochondrial fractions. Limited proteolysis by V8 protease did not markedly affect XRE binding in cerebellar nuclear extracts, with concomitant diminution of that in hepatic and hippocampal nuclear extracts. In primary cultured cerebellar neurons, indigo was effective in significantly increasing XRE binding only when determined immediately after sustained exposure for 120 min in the presence of high potassium chloride. These results suggest the abundance of as‐yet unidentified proteins with high affinity for XRE and responsiveness to indigo in both nuclear and microsomal fractions of rat cerebellum.
Teaching moral reasoning through gesture.

Stem-cell research. Euthanasia. Personhood. Marriage equality. School shootings. Gun control. Death penalty. Ethical dilemmas regularly spark fierce debate about the underlying moral fabric of societies. How do we prepare today's children to be fully informed and thoughtful citizens, capable of moral and ethical decisions? Current approaches to moral education are controversial, requiring adults to serve as either direct ('top-down') or indirect ('bottom-up') conduits of information about morality. A common thread weaving throughout these two educational initiatives is the ability to take multiple perspectives - increases in perspective taking ability have been found to precede advances in moral reasoning. We propose gesture as a behavior uniquely situated to augment perspective taking ability. Requiring gesture during spatial tasks has been shown to catalyze the production of more sophisticated problem-solving strategies, allowing children to profit from instruction. Our data demonstrate that requiring gesture during moral reasoning tasks has similar effects, resulting in increased perspective taking ability subsequent to instruction. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at http://www.youtube. com/watch? v/gAcRIClU_GY.
Respiratory Protection from Isocyanate Exposure in the Autobody Repair and Refinishing Industry

This study, part of the Survey of Painters and Repairers of Auto bodies by Yale (SPRAY), evaluated the effectiveness of respiratory protection against exposure to aliphatic polyisocyanates. A total of 36 shops were assessed for respiratory protection program completeness; 142 workers were measured for respirator fit factor (FF) using PortaCount Plus respirator fit tester. Twenty-two painters from 21 shops were sampled using NIOSH method 5525 to determine the workplace protection factor (WPF) of negative pressure, air-purifying half-facepiece respirators equipped with organic vapor cartridges and paint prefilters during spray-painting and priming activities. Only 11 shops (30%) had written respiratory protection programs. Eighty percent of all fit tested workers passed the test on the first try with FF ≥ 100, and 92% passed the second test after respirator use training. Overall geometric mean (GM) FF was 1012 for all fit tested workers. Significant differences on pass rate (92% vs. 72%) and on FF (1990 vs. 736) were found between previously fit tested workers vs. nontested workers. Twenty-nine WPF samples were collected. The outside facepiece GM concentration of total isocyanate group (NCO) was 378.4 μ g NCO/m3 with 96% concentrations exceeding the U.K. short-term exposure limit, 70 μ g NCO/m3, but no in-facepiece concentrations exceeded the limit. The GM WPF of total NCO was 319 (GSD 4) and the 5th percentile was 54. WPF of total NCO was positively correlated with the duration of painting task. FF positively correlated with WPF when FF was ≤450 but negatively correlated with WPF when FF was >450. We conclude that negative pressure, air-purifying half-facepiece respirators equipped with organic vapor cartridges and paint prefilters provide effective protection against isocyanate exposure in spray and priming operations if workers are properly trained and fitted.
Influence of Digital Communication Platforms on Competitive Advantage: A Case Study of Kenya Revenue Authority

vii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS . ix TABLE OF CONTENTS . x LIST OF TABLES . xii LIST OF FIGURES . xiii CHAPTER ONE . 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION. 1 1.1 Background of the Study . 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem . 5 1.3 General Objective of the Study . 7 1.4 Specific Objectives of the Study . 7 1.5 Significance of the Study . 7 1.6 Scope of the Study . 8 1.7 Definition of Terms. 8 1.8 Chapter Summary . 9 CHAPTER TWO . 10 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW . 10 2.
Monitoring warfarin therapy in patients with lupus anticoagulants.

BACKGROUND Recommended therapeutic international normalized ratios (INRs) for oral anticoagulation in patients with lupus anticoagulants who sustain a thromboembolic event are controversial. Patients with lupus anticoagulants often have a prolonged prothrombin time, which may complicate management of anticoagulant therapy. OBJECTIVES To determine the validity of the INR as a monitor for warfarin therapy in patients with lupus anticoagulants and to investigate alternate approaches to monitoring warfarin therapy in these patients. DESIGN Prospective case series. SETTING Tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS 34 patients with lupus anticoagulants. MEASUREMENTS Prothrombin times were determined by using several thromboplastins, and INRs were calculated for the patients receiving warfarin. Factor II levels, chromogenic factor X levels, and prothrombin-proconvertin times were determined for patients receiving warfarin. RESULTS For patients with lupus anticoagulants who were not receiving warfarin, prothrombin times were often elevated and varied significantly with different thromboplastins. Individual thromboplastins differed in sensitivity to the presence of a lupus anticoagulant. For patients receiving warfarin, INRs obtained by using different thromboplastins greatly varied and often overestimated the extent of anticoagulation. Chromogenic factor X levels and prothrombin-proconvertin times correlated well with each other and with established therapeutic ranges. CONCLUSIONS Lupus anticoagulants can influence prothrombin times and lead to INRs that do not accurately reflect the true level of anticoagulation. Use of the INR to standardize prothrombin times is invalid for some patients with lupus anticoagulants. To prevent supratherapeutic or subtherapeutic anticoagulation, these patients must be individually monitored with a test that is insensitive to lupus anticoagulants.
Infant botulism in the age of botulism immune globulin

Infant botulism causes acute bulbar dysfunction, weakness, and respiratory failure in infants living in endemic regions of the United States. Until Food and Drug Administration approval of botulism immune globulin (BIG) in October 2003, management of infant botulism had changed little since the 1970s. Currently, IV therapy with BIG is advised to shorten the duration and diminish the potential complications of the disorder. This review describes two decades of experience with infant botulism and provides a contemporary perspective on the role and benefit of BIG.
The connection between illness representations of Alzheimer's disease and burnout among social workers and nurses in nursing homes and hospitals: a mixed-methods investigation

Objective: To examine the relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) illness representations and burnout among social workers and nurses, based on the self-regulatory model. Method: A mixed-methods study was conducted. First, 327 social workers and nurses completed measures of cognitive and emotional representations, burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, lack of personal accomplishment), role variables, knowledge about AD, emotion-focused coping, problem-focused coping, and demographic and occupational characteristics. Second, interviews were conducted with eight social workers and nurses to uncover their perceptions about AD and their burnout experience. Results: Using structural equation modeling and controlling background variables, findings indicated that emotional representations were associated with burnout while only some of the cognitive illness representations were associated with burnout. While cognitive illness representations were associated directly to burnout, the association between emotional representations and burnout was mediated by emotion-focused coping. The trimmed model showed a good fit of the data and explained 32.2% of the variance in emotion-focused coping, 51% of the variance in emotional exhaustion, 37.7% of the variance in depersonalization, and 22.6% of the variance in lack of personal accomplishment. Interviews demonstrated that AD characteristics were perceived as affecting participants on both personal and professional levels; the participants expressed negative feelings towards AD and stated that these perceptions and feelings had led them to burnout. Conclusions: AD illness representations may be a risk factor for developing burnout. New directions for intervention programs, aiming to reduce burnout, should be examined.
Dietary factors and lung cancer among men in west Sweden.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported an association between tea drinking and lung cancer. In view of these data, the relationship between tea drinking as well as other dietary factors and lung cancer was investigated in a case-control study in the west of Sweden. METHODS Patients with suspected lung cancer were collected from pulmonary units at central hospitals in the area investigated, and population controls were matched for age. The material reported here comprises 308 male cases with a confirmed diagnosis of lung cancer and 504 controls. The participants were interviewed by specially trained nurses, using a questionnaire to assess smoking, dietary habits, occupational exposures and conditions in the residential area (local air pollution). This paper reports the results from dietary factors studied with a food frequency technique. RESULTS The results demonstrated a strong protective effect of vegetables (odds ratio [OR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46-1.05, and OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.23-0.61 for intermediate and high consumption classes respectively). A low OR was consistent for all histological types of lung cancer. High consumption of fruits did not show any similar protective effect. Drinking milk was associated with a dose-response related risk increase after adjustment for smoking and vegetable consumption (P for trend = 0.07). Odds ratio was 1.73, 95% CI: 1.00-3.01 for high consumption of milk. CONCLUSIONS High intake of vegetables had a strong protective effect among males. Diet is thus a potential confounding factor in studies on lung cancer and environmental factors and should thus be taken into consideration in the planning of such studies.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENERAPAN KONSERVATISME AKUNTANSI PADA PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA, BURSA MALAYSIA DAN SINGAPORE STOCK EXCHANGE TAHUN 2010-2014

Conservatism is the precautionary principle in uncertainty. There are many cases of accounting frauds occurred due to lack of conservatism implementation resulting financial statements are overstated. This study aims to analyze the affect of firm size, leverage, institutional ownership and audit committee to the implementation of conservatism in the insurance companies listed on Bursa Efek Indonesia, Bursa Malaysia and Singapore Stock Exchange. In this study, conservatism measured by market to book ratio. Used as sample of 11 companies. The analytical method used in this research is multiple regression. The results of this study are firm size and audit committee positively affect the implementation of conservatism. On the other hand, leverage and institutional ownership negatively affect the implementation of conservatism. Keywords: conservatism, firm size, leverage, institutional ownership, audit committee
The effects of incentives to firms’ outward internationalization on their domestic growth and competitiveness

While few studies have analysed public incentives to attract inward foreign direct investment (FDI), almost no evidence has been so far provided on public incentives to firms’ internationalisation. T he present paper aims at filling this gap, by providing an empirical analysis on the ir effects on the firm’s growth. Specifically, the analysis is conducted on 237 Ital ian firms that received an incentive in the period 1991-2007 vs. a counterfactual s ample of firms that internationalised their activity in the same period without an y i centive. The econometric results, stemming from a two step treatment effect mo del, reveal that selection for getting the incentive tended to be not a random eve nt, and that incentives to firms’ internationalisation cause domestic growth especial ly when targeted towards smaller companies.
Factors Affecting in Adoption and Use of Electronic Medical Record Based on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology in Iran

Background: One of the effective factors in successful implementation of health information technology, especially electronic medical record, is investigation of adoption and its use by users. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting adoption and use of electronic medical record in Shiraz teaching hospitals from the perceptive of top and middle managers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study performed in 2015. The study population consisted of all top and middle managers (N = 235) of Shiraz teaching hospitals that were examined through census. Data were collected through the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology standard questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS16 and LISREL8.82. Results: The results showed that there is a direct, positive relationship between Effort Expectancy and Behavioral Intention (P = 0.01) as well as between Facilitating Condition and Behavioral Intention (P = 0.04) and between Facilitating Condition and Use (P = 0.01). In addition, there was a direct, positive relationship between Behavioral Intention and Use. Conclusions: To increase the use of Electronic Medical Record in Shiraz teaching hospitals, it is suggested that managers and policymakers consider effort expectancy and facilitating condition of this system.
Essays on Sales Force Career Incentives

This dissertation uses game theoretic models in a principal-agent framework to study how firms optimally manage long term career related incentives for their sales people. When sales people put sales effort they face incentives not only from short term incentives like commissions and bonuses but also from long term rewards associated with progression in their career. In particular, sales people are often motivated to get promoted and avoid being laid off, to get selected to managerial positions and to form stronger relationships with customers so that they can bargain for higher wages in the future, respectively. Three different essays examine each of these three career related incentives and how firms can optimally manage them. Essay 1 (Chapter 2) studies why and how firms use a type of promotion and layoff policy, called the Forced Ranking policy, to provide optimal long term career incentives to sales people. Findings from the essay suggests that when sales people are ambiguity averse and there is economic uncertainty regarding promotions and layoffs, firms are likely to commit to a promotion policy but may or may not commit to a layoff policy as part of Forced Ranking. Interestingly, it is shown that firms enjoying higher margins are more likely to commit to both promotion and layoffs, consistent with observations from industry practice. Results also suggest that in absence of costs from promoting and laying off employees, firms should use an up-or-out contract to motivate the sales force. Essay 2 (Chapter 3) investigates how career incentives associated with promotion of sales employees to sales management roles may interfere with selection of the right sales managers. The essay was motivated by the common observation that organizations often promote their best sales people to sales managerial roles but after promotion find that the sales people are not as good as they were expected to be in their new roles, a phenomenon called Peter Principle. An alternative explanation for this phenomenon of adverse selection is provided and possible solutions are analyzed as part
Use of touchscreen tablet technology by people with dementia in homes: A scoping review

Background The aim of this scoping review was to identify the range, extent and nature of research around the use of touchscreen tablets by people with dementia in their home environment, particularly in regards to its use as a means of supporting participation in meaningful and socially connected activity. Methods A review of both peer-reviewed and grey literature was undertaken across 61 databases, along with reference list checking for articles published between 2010 and 2016. Results Twelve articles were included in this review, predominantly from Western European cultures and community-based home environments. The studies were exploratory in nature, with the majority focusing on the development of applications for people with dementia. Conclusions The study identified a range of exploratory research related to the use of touchscreen tablets by people with dementia. However, there were significant gaps within this evidence base, which provide opportunities for further research using more robust methodologies. Given the ubiquitous nature of touchscreen tablets in modern communities, further research could facilitate their use as a minimally stigmatizing and culturally appropriate form of support for people with dementia.
Systematic design of virtual component method for inverter-based microgrids

Control design of inverter-based microgrids plays a significant role in affecting dynamic performance of the system. Conventional microgrid droop control suffers from instability due to low X/R ratios and unique network characteristics as compared to large power systems. While many approaches such as virtual framework methods, virtual impedance methods, or synchronverters have been proposed and proven effective, an intuitive and fundamental insight into physical origins of instability has not yet been sufficiently disclosed. In this paper, a systematic approach for enhancing the stability of inverter-based microgrids is proposed. A test system is studied to derive simple and concise stability criteria based on the proposed Lyapunov function method. Particularly, we show that unlike in large-scale power systems, for microgrids the transient susceptance B′ plays a crucial role in contracting the region of stable droop gains. Control schemes to minimize B′ are then investigated, enabling a different perspective in views of the virtual component method. Finally, simulations are carried out to validate the proposed approach via direct time-domain analysis.
The impact of financial restatement on auditor changes: Iranian evidence

Purpose This paper aims to examine the effect of financial restatement on changing the auditor in the following years. Design/methodology/approach The study uses data of 105 companies (735 company-years) listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange collected during the period 2008-2014. Logistic regression is used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results of hypotheses present that restatement does not cause auditor changes and that as the severity of a restatement increases, the auditor change in the following year of restatement also does not increase. Restating companies having strong governance do not go for auditor changes as compared with other companies. In addition, in companies that are restating, non-big auditor changes are not more likely than a big auditor. Also, in companies restating simultaneous with a CEO turnover, there is no possibility of auditor change. Furthermore, multinomial logistic regression showed that the adjustments resulting from the correction of errors and changes in procedures and the amount of adjustments do not cause auditor change in the following year. So, the results have shown that the restatement is not an important factor in changing auditor the next year. Originality/value The current study analyses the impact of financial restatement on auditor changes in a deep manner in a developing country like Iran.
Human-Agent Interruptions: A Systems Perspective

Detrimental effects of interruptions have been widely reported in the literature, particularly with laboratory-based studies. However, recent field-based studies suggest interruptions can be beneficial, even vital to maintaining or enhancing system performance. The literature seems to be at critical juncture; how do practitioners reconcile these perspectives? Do we ban interruptions or let them flow freely? To address this, we study how interruptions affect work performance over differing units of analysis (a dyad versus an individual) in a microworld scheduling task with 72 participants and a computer agent. We found that a team performance perspective shows more benefits from interruptions than an individual performance perspective. In other words, teams suffered less from the adverse effects of interruptions than individuals. Results show that systems-level aspects of interruptions, for both the individual and the team, plays a role in determining whether interruptions have a positive or negative effect.
Affording Larger Brains: Testing Hypotheses of Mammalian Brain Evolution on Bats

Several major hypotheses have been proposed to explain how larger brains in mammals, such as those of humans, are afforded in energetic terms. To date, these have been largely tested on primates, with some cross‐mammal analysis. We use morphological, ecological, and metabolic data for 313 species of bats to examine the allometry of brain mass and to test key predictions from three of these hypotheses: the direct metabolic constraint, expensive tissue, and maternal energy hypotheses. We confirm that megachiropteran bats (entirely fruit‐eating) have larger brains for their body mass than microchiropteran bats (fruit‐eating and non‐fruit‐eating) and fruit‐eating species (Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera) have larger brains than non‐fruit‐eating species (Microchiroptera). Although our analyses demonstrate little or no support for any of the three hypotheses, we show that 95.9% of the variance in brain mass can be explained by the independent effects of gestation length and body mass. This indicates that among bats, the duration of maternal investment plays an important role in the adult brain mass finally obtained. These analyses serve to emphasis the crucial importance of testing the general applicability of macroevolutionary hypotheses (often developed in isolation in one clade) in multiple clades with different evolutionary histories.