Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Ta-Matrix  ${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Al}$ Wire for Next-Generation Accelerator Magnet

We have been developing rapid heating, quenching and transformation (RHQT) processed Nb3Al wires for next-generation accelerator magnets that require magnetic fields between 12 and 17 T. However, it has recently been found that the conventional Nb-matrix wire shows a rather strong magnetic instability at low fields. Taking this into consideration, we have begun developing Ta-matrix Nb3Al wires. We have fabricated a precursor wire with a Ta-matrix volume fraction of 0.8, and the mechanical properties of the RHQ-processed wire were examined. The effects of the RHQ condition and the area reduction (AR) after RHQ on the critical current density (J c) , and magnetization of the wire have also been examined. This paper describes the properties for the Ta-matrix wire in comparison with those of the Nb-matrix wire.
Nurses' perception of obstacles and supportive behaviors in providing end of life care to critically ill pediatric patients

Pediatric critical care nurses care for dying children daily. The process of dying in an intensive care unit is complicated, and research on specific obstacles that impede delivery of end-of-life care and/or supportive behaviors that help in delivery of end-of-life care in pediatric intensive care units is limited. So, this descriptive research design aimed to describe pediatric critical care nurses’ perceptions of obstacles to provide end-of-life care and supportive behaviors that help in providing end-of life care in the intensive care units. The study concluded that the most supportive behaviors in providing end- of- life care to critically ill pediatric patients that perceived by nurses were, nurses scheduled so that child receives continuity of care and physicians agreeing about direction of child care while the most obstacles behaviors in providing end- of- life care were, child having pain that is difficult to control or alleviate, nurse too busy offering life saving measures to provide quality end of life care and family continually calls the nurse for update rather than the designated contact person. The study recommended that future researches are needed to identify and implement ways to decrease highly perceived obstacles and to continue to support highly perceived supportive behaviors. Furthermore, differences between ICU and non-ICU staff members’ perceptions of end-of-life care are needed to be studied. Key Wards: Perception, obstacles, supportive behaviors, end of life care, critically ill, children
Contractile cochlear frame in the gecko Teratoscincus scincus

It is generally accepted that the cartilaginous frame of the reptilian cochlea has only a passive supportive function. In this study, a ribbon of contractile tissue was revealed within the cartilaginous frame of the cochlea of the gecko Teratoscincus scincus. It consisted of tightly packed cells and received an extensive blood supply. The cytoplasm of the cells was filled with cytoskeletal filaments 5–7 nm thick as revealed by electron microscopy. Isolated tissue permeabilized with Triton X‐100 or glycerol reversibly contracted in the presence of ATP. Noradrenaline caused slow relaxation of the freshly isolated tissue placed in artificial perilymph. We suggest that slow motility of the contractile tissue may adjust passive cochlear mechanics to sounds of high intensities. J. Comp. Neurol. 461:539–547, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sole treatment of acid gastroesophageal reflux in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a case series.

RATIONALE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal disease despite the available treatment regimes. Increased acid gastroesophageal reflux (GER) occurs in IPF patients. OBJECTIVES To follow the course of IPF in patients while being treated for acid GER alone. METHODS A retrospective review of the clinical outcomes of four patients with newly diagnosed IPF and increased acid GER who chose to be treated solely with anti-acid GER therapy were followed up regularly with pulmonary function tests (PFTs) [measuring FVC and the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide] over a period of 2 to 6 years. Anti-acid GER therapy was administered using proton-pump inhibitors and fundoplication, if needed. Adequate suppression of acid GER was ascertained by 24-h esophageal pH monitoring. MAIN RESULTS PFT results in all four patients stabilized or improved while their conditions were maintained with adequate treatment for acid GER. All patients were alive at the last follow-up, and none manifested an acute exacerbation of IPF or needed treatment for respiratory problems during this period. After maintaining 4 years of improved status (based on PFT and exercise testing findings) while adhering to treatment for acid GER, one patient's deterioration correlated with poor compliance to daily treatment during the fifth year, although the PFT results at the sixth year showed stabilization compared to baseline values. The condition of another patient was stabilized by adhering to anti-acid GER treatment after an initial period of deterioration that was associated with nonadherence CONCLUSIONS Future clinical studies are indicated to clarify the role of acid GER in IPF and to determine whether adequate treatment for increased acid GER in part improves the outcome of patients with IPF.
Fault Analysis of Multiphase Distribution Systems Using Symmetrical Components

The paper presents a new approach for performing the fault analysis of multiphase distribution networks based on the symmetrical components. The multiphase distribution system is represented by an equivalent three-phase system; hence, the single-phase and two-phase line segments are represented in terms of their sequence values. The proposed technique allows the state of the art short-circuit analysis solvers to analyze unbalanced distribution networks. The fault currents calculated using the proposed technique is compared with the phase components short-circuit analysis solver. The obtained results for the IEEE radial test feeders show that the proposed technique is accurate. Based on the proposed method, the existing commercial grade short-circuit analysis solvers based on sequence networks can be utilized for performing unbalanced distribution systems.
Irinotecan and temozolomide for Ewing sarcoma: The Memorial Sloan‐Kettering experience

The prognosis for recurrent/progressive Ewing sarcoma (ES) remains poor. Pre‐clinical, adult phase I and II trials have demonstrated the combination of irinotecan and temozolomide to have schedule‐dependent synergy and significant antitumor activity. A pediatric phase I trial has shown this regimen to be safe and active in advanced ES.
Comparison of Daytime Efficacy and Safety of Dorzolamide/Timolol Maleate Fixed Combination versus Latanoprost

Purpose To compare the 12-hour efficacy and safety of dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination (DTFC) dosed twice daily versus latanoprost dosed every evening following a timolol run-in in primary open-angle glaucoma patients. Methods Following a 6-week timolol run-in patients were randomized to either DTFC or latanoprost for 6 weeks and then changed to the opposite treatment for 6 weeks. At the end of the run-in, and the end of each treatment period, the intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured every 2 hours between 8:00 AM and 8:00 PM. Results Thirty-one patients completed at least one time point in both treatment periods. Both treatments reduced the IOP for the diurnal curve, and at each time point, from the timolol run-in baseline (p<0.0001). The 12-hour IOP on timolol was 22.1±2.8 mmHg, whereas on DTFC it was 18.1±2.8 and latanoprost 18.3±3.1 mmHg (p=0.4). Further, there was no statistical difference in IOP between treatments at any time point (p≤0.1). There was no statistical difference for any individual adverse event between treatments (p>0.05). Conclusions This study suggests that following a timolol run-in both DTFC and latanoprost provide comparable daytime efficacy and safety.
Cochlear Implantation in Patients With Bilateral Severe Sensorineural Hearing Loss After Major Blunt Head Trauma

Objective: To highlight issues that impact on cochlear implant candidacy and performance in individuals who have severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss after major blunt head trauma. Study Design: Retrospective case review. Setting: Tertiary level neurotology center. Patients: Twenty-five patients treated at our institution for severe hearing loss after blunt head trauma Intervention: Assessment of cochlear implant candidacy criteria and postimplant outcomes in patients presenting with severe hearing loss after major blunt head trauma Main Outcome Measures: Cause of injury, pure tone audiology, open set speech perception (preimplant and postimplant), promontory stimulation, and imaging results. Results: Of the 25 patients with severe hearing loss, 11 ultimately underwent cochlear implantation. Fall from a height was the most common cause of injury. Five patients experienced bilateral temporal bone fractures. Seventeen patients satisfied candidacy criteria for implantation. For those patients who did undergo cochlear implantation, the mean postimplant open set speech recognition score was 71. Issues related to cochlear implant candidacy and outcomes for implantation will be discussed. Conclusion: Severe hearing loss after major blunt head trauma presents a number of unique clinical challenges. A significant number of these patients are not suitable for cochlear implantation for a variety of reasons. Clinicians working in the area of cochlear implantation should be aware of the various problems that can impact on effective cochlear implantation in such patients.
The influence of psychodynamically oriented therapists' attachment representations on outcome and alliance in inpatient psychotherapy

Abstract The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) was used to study 31 psychotherapists who treated 1,381 patients in intensive multimodal inpatient psychotherapy. AAI dimensional ratings of security versus insecurity and dismissiveness versus preoccupation were used to predict alliance and outcome via multilevel regression techniques (hierarchical linear modeling). There were no main effects of therapists' attachment dimensions. However, higher attachment security of the therapist was associated with both better alliance and outcome in more severely impaired patients. Implications of the findings as well as limitations of the study are discussed.
Production , Manufacturing and Logistics Optimal inventory policies for profit maximizing EOQ models under various cost functions

In this paper, we establish and analyze three EOQ based inventory models under profit maximization via geometric programming (GP) techniques. Through GP, we find optimal order quantity and price for each of these models considering production (lot sizing) as well as marketing (pricing) decisions. We also investigate the effects on the changes in the optimal solutions when different parameters are changed. In addition, a comparative analysis between the profit maximization models is conducted. By investigating the error in the optimal price, order quantity, and profit of these models, several interesting economic implications and insights can be observed. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Code Bad Smells: a review of current knowledge

Fowler et al. identified 22 Code Bad Smells to direct the effective refactoring of code. These are increasingly being taken up by software engineers. However, the empirical basis of using Code Bad Smells to direct refactoring and to address ‘trouble’ in code is not clear, i.e., we do not know whether using Code Bad Smells to target code improvement is effective. This paper aims to identify what is currently known about Code Bad Smells. We have performed a systematic literature review of 319 papers published since Fowler et al. identified Code Bad Smells (2000 to June 2009). We analysed in detail 39 of the most relevant papers. Our findings indicate that Duplicated Code receives most research attention, whereas some Code Bad Smells, e.g., Message Chains, receive little. This suggests that our knowledge of some Code Bad Smells remains insufficient. Our findings also show that very few studies report on the impact of using Code Bad Smells, with most studies instead focused on developing tools and methods to automatically detect Code Bad Smells. This indicates an important gap in the current knowledge of Code Bad Smells. Overall this review suggests that there is little evidence currently available to justify using Code Bad Smells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pyridine nucleotide cycle of Salmonella typhimurium: in vitro demonstration of nicotinamide mononucleotide deamidase and characterization of pnuA mutants defective in nicotinamide mononucleotide transport

The enzyme nicotinamide mononucleotide deamidase, an integral component of the proposed four-membered pyridine nucleotide cycle (PNC IV), has been demonstrated in extracts of Salmonella typhimurium LT2. The enzyme has an optimum pH of 8.7 and deamidates nicotinamide mononucleotide, forming nicotinic acid mononucleotide. Sigmoidal kinetic data suggest that this enzyme may be allosteric and therefore an important regulatory component of pyridine nucleotide cycle metabolism. Mutants previously designated pncC in anticipation of their lacking nicotinamide mononucleotide deamidase were examined and found to have normal levels of this enzyme. [14C]nicotinamide mononucleotide uptake studies, however, revealed a defect in the transport of this compound. Accordingly, the genetic designation for this locus was changed to pnuA to reflect its involvement in pyridine nucleotide uptake. Evidence is presented for the existence of two separate nicotinamide mononucleotide transport systems.
Gastro-intestinal parasites of bovine in Akure abattoirs , Nigeria

The study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites among the cattle in Akure, Nigeria. Two hundred and seventy-five cattle were randomly selected from the abattoirs, 2g of faecal sample aseptically collected were subjected to flotation method to concentrate the eggs, and the smears of the sample were air-dried and stained with hematoxylin and subsequently viewed under the light microscope using 40 X to 400 X magnifications. The results revealed four groups of parasites, these include protozoa, cestodes, trematodes and nematodes. One parasite (Isospora belli) was identified to be protozoon, three parasites (Taenia saginata, Moniezia benedeni and Avitelium spp) were identified to be cestodes, two parasites (Fasciola hepatica, Schistosoma bovis) were identified to be trematodes, while three parasites (Nematodirus spp, trichuris trichiura and trichostrongylus spp) were identified to be nematodes. Among the parasites, Enterobius vermicularis has the highest prevalence of 53.63% in male and 45.83% in female while the least prevalent is Avitelium spp which was absent in male cattle but present in female cattle (1.04%). The presence of these zoonotic parasites among the cattle in this area suggests poor veterinary care in the area. It is therefore recommended that the cattle owners and the herdsmen should be properly educated on the use of antihelminth drugs.
Avoiding bias in parasite excretion estimates: the effect of sampling time and type of faeces

The study of host-parasite relationships usually requires reliable estimates of parasite intensity, which is often estimated from parasite propagule concentration in faeces. However, parasite excretion in faeces may be subject to variation due to endogenous or exogenous factors that must be identified to obtain reliable results. We analysed the effect of the hour of sample collection on propagule counts of 2 intestinal parasites infecting the red-legged partridge: the capillarid nematode Aonchoteca caudinflata and coccidia of the genus Eimeria (Protozoa). Also, we test whether there are differences in propagule counts between caecal and intestinal faeces. Individual faecal samples from infected birds were collected daily at 4 different hours during several days. The hour of the day exerted a very strong effect on propagule counts, excretion of both types of parasites showing a clear and constant increase from dawn to dusk. Also, capillarid eggs were more abundant in intestinal than in caecal faeces, whereas the inverse pattern was found for coccidian oocysts. Standardization of the hour of sample collection or statistical control of this variable is recommendable to prevent bias. Similarly, in bird species with long caeca, consistent collection of one type of faeces may avoid significant errors in parasite burden estimates.
Selective Allocation of GABAA Receptors Containing the α1 Subunit to Neurochemically Distinct Subpopulations of Rat Hippocampal Interneurons

The identification of a large variety of GABAA receptor subunits by molecular cloning suggests the existence of multiple receptor subtypes differing in localization and functional properties. In the present study we analysed immunohistochemically the cellular distribution of GABAA receptors containing the α1 subunit in the rat hippocampus with a subunit‐specific antiserum. Prominent staining of numerous interneurons was evident in Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus, which contrasted with moderate and diffuse immunoreactivity in the dendritic layers of pyramidal and granule cells. Double immunofluorescence staining with antibodies to GABA revealed that a subset of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus were immunoreactive for the α1 subunit. To determine whether these cells represent distinct subpopulations of interneurons, we analysed the co‐localization of the GABAA receptor α1 subunit with selective markers of hippocampal interneurons (selected calcium‐binding proteins and neuropeptides). In both Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus, all parvalbumin‐positive neurons and 50% of calretinin‐positive neurons were double‐labelled, whereas interneurons containing calbindin‐D28k were devoid of α1 subunit staining. Similarly, most neurons positive for neuropeptide Y and a subset of somatostatin‐positive cells were double‐labelled, in contrast to cholecystokinin‐ and vasoactive intestinal peptide‐containing cells, which lacked the α1 subunit staining. These results demonstrate cell‐specific expression of GABAA receptors containing the α1 subunit among subsets of hippocampal interneurons, pointing to a pronounced functional specialization of these cells. Furthermore, the prominent expression of GABAA receptors by interneurons suggests that disinhibition may be of major functional relevance in regulating the balance between excitation and inhibition in hippocampal circuits.
Output, Input and Productivity Measures at the Industry Level: The EU KLEMS Database

This article describes the contents and the construction of the EU KLEMS Growth and Productivity Accounts. This database contains industry-level measures of output, inputs and productivity for 25 European countries, Japan and the US for the period from 1970 onwards. The article considers the methodology employed in constructing the database and shows how it can be useful in comparing productivity trends. Although growth accounts are the organising principle, it is argued that the database is useful for a wider range of applications. We give some guidance to prudent use and indicate possible extensions. Copyright © The Author(s). Journal compilation © Royal Economic Society 2009.
Phosphorus risk assessment index evaluation using runoff measurements

ABSTRACT: An index to evaluate the phosphorus (P) pollution potential of agricultural fields was proposed by Lemunyon and Gilbert in 1993. Data from three rainfall simulation studies were used to evaluate the relative importance of the variables in the P index. These studies included plots containing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L), and corn (Zea mays L) residues on which chemical fertilizer and composted or non-composted beef cattle feedlot manure were applied under no-till and disked conditions. The factors of erosion, runoff, soil P level, P application source, and method, and rate of P addition were weighted and considered in the index calculation. Measured soil erosion accounted for 78% and 88% of the variability in total and particulate P losses, respectively, indicating the importance of erosion in the loss of sediment bound P. Bio-available and dissolved P losses were unrelated to measured soil erosion but were influenced by tillage, runoff amount, and P source. The P index of Lemunyon and Gilbert was modified based on the results of these experiments. The correlation coefficient value (r) between total P loss and the modified P index values, was 0.74 as compared to 0.52 for the Lemunyon and Gilbert9s P index. Additive index values were more closely correlated with total P loss than the index values calculated by multiplying the weight of each factor. If erosion and runoff are accurately predicted the P index can serve as a useful tool for identifying sites where transport of P to surface water can be a potential concern.
Routine clinical application of the FRAXA Pfu PCR assay: limits and utility

Fragile X genotype is characterized by the excessive amplification of an unstable region of DNA: a trinucleotide repeat CGG of variable copy number present in the FRAXA locus. Methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the CGG repeat region could facilitate the development of a rapid screening assay. Unfortunately, amplification across CGG repeats can be inefficient and unreliable due to their 100% G+C base composition. The utility of the exonuclease‐deficient Pfu polymerase for amplification and detection of the CGG repeats at the FRAXA locus has been reported. In the present study we analysed the utility of a Pfu PCR assay as a rapid initial screening method to rule out a diagnosis of fragile X syndrome in males with mental retardation. Affected males did not show any amplification products or a smear of amplification products between 350 and 550 bp. Only 10% of affected male samples did not show any amplification products, while the vast majority showed the amplification smear. The amplification smears represent a serious drawback of the method, since they cannot be distinguished from the amplification products of normal samples after separation in 1 % agarose gel. Several modifications of the PCR conditions were attempted to eliminate this problem, but none was appropriate for clinical applications. However, the problem was easily solved by using a higher resolution electro‐phoretic system that allows a clear distinction of normal bands from pathological smears. We tested the specificity of the Pfu PCR assay, followed by an improved MetaPhor gel electrophoretic separation of PCR products, on 50 samples from normal males and 24 samples from affected males. The results showed that this method is a rapid, sensitive and specific assay for the exclusion of fragile X syndrome diagnosis in mentally retarded males.