Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Students’ Patronage of Guidance and Counselling Services in Senior High Schools in Ghana

Guidance and counselling services are extensively known to be advantageous in shaping the decision making and thinking capabilities of both students and even people at work places. However, the services appears to be lacking in Senor High Schools (SHSs) in Ghana. This study explored students' patronage of guidance and counselling services in SHSs in Ghana. The study further identified the factors affecting students' patronage of guidance and counselling services. The study was targeted to Form 2 and 3 students. Using a cross sectional design, 24 SHSs were selected out of 475 through a multi-stage sampling technique. The final sample made up of 2,969 Form 2 and 3 SHS students with a return rate of 98.25 percent. Survey questionnaire was used as the main data collection instrument. The data was analysed using percentages and frequency counts, as well as one-sample t-test analysis. It was found that students are aware of the presence of guidance and counselling services (educational counselling especially) in their schools. However, the patronage of the services was low due to factors like accessibility of the services, misconceptions held by the students, issues of confidentiality, and counsellor Original Research Article Upoalkpajor et al.; JESBS, 28(1): 1-9, 2018; Article no.JESBS. 45093 2 as teacher. The study recommended that GES together with headteachers of SHSs to provide guidance and counselling facilities and logistics which enhances the work of the counsellor. Again, the GES is advised not to allow counsellors posted to schools to engage in any teaching activities.
HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS AND DEPENDENCY ON COMMUNITY FORESTS IN TERAI OF NEPAL

An econometric model linking user household’s socio-economic characteristics and their fuel-wood collection patterns from local common property forests was examined in a highly heterogeneous (>60% by caste and wealth status) Terai community of Nepal. The cross-sectional analysis provides evidence in favor of the hypothesis that socio-economic inequalities within the group are inexorably associated with the ability of the households in resource use. In general, it is evident that household’s wealth status (coefficient for rich = -0.420; p = 0.019), proximity to the forest (coefficient for distance = -0.280; p = 0.083), forest visit (coefficient for frequent forest visit = +0.257; p = 0.066) exert a strong influence on appropriating fuel-wood from the forest. Above all, income status of households was found to be key determinant of household’s fuel-wood collection from the forest. Poor households were highly dependent on the forests for fuel-wood (average annual extraction = 4561.3 kg/household) in order to sustain their day-to-day livelihood. The high dependence of poor coupled with their large population size in the region (>27%) will possibly cause forest degradation in future. Therefore, policy must be directed towards reducing fuelwood dependency of poor households by lifting their economic status so that they can substitute fuel-wood in day-to-day use. A broader policy implication of our analysis is to consider socio-economic heterogeneity of society and household’s dependency on natural resources prior to devolution of management rights to local level.
An XMM-Newton-based X-ray survey of pre-main sequence stellar emission in the L1551 star-forming complex

We present a study of the X-ray sources present in the nearby L1551 star forming region, based on a deep XMM-Newton observation complemented with Chandra data for the brightest sources. Most known pre-main sequence stars in the region have been detected, most of them with sufficient statistics to allow a detailed study of the temporal and spectral char- acteristics of their X-ray emission. Significant temporal (and spectral) variability on both short and long time scales is visible for most of the stars. In particular XZ Tau shows large-amplitude variations on time scales of several hours with large changes in the intervening absorption, suggestive of the X-ray emission being eclipsed by the accretion stream (and thus of the X-ray emission being partly or totally accretion-induced). The coronal metal abundance of the WTTS sources is clustered around Z � 0.2, while the CTTS sources span almost two orders of magnitudes in coronal Z, even though the photospheric abundance of all stars in the L1551 is likely to be very similar. Some individual elements (notably Ne) appear to be systematically enhanced with respect to Fe in the WTTS stars. The significant differences between the spectral and temporal characteristics of the CTTS and WTTS populations suggest that a different emission mechanism is (at least partly) responsible for the X-ray emission of the two types of stars.
Evolving graphs: dynamical models, inverse problems and propagation

Applications such as neuroscience, telecommunication, online social networking, transport and retail trading give rise to connectivity patterns that change over time. In this work, we address the resulting need for network models and computational algorithms that deal with dynamic links. We introduce a new class of evolving range-dependent random graphs that gives a tractable framework for modelling and simulation. We develop a spectral algorithm for calibrating a set of edge ranges from a sequence of network snapshots and give a proof of principle illustration on some neuroscience data. We also show how the model can be used computationally and analytically to investigate the scenario where an evolutionary process, such as an epidemic, takes place on an evolving network. This allows us to study the cumulative effect of two distinct types of dynamics.
Seasonal Fluctuations in Numbers of Three Species of Tern in Northern Territory

Storr (1977) reviewed records of Crested Sterna bergii, Lesser crested S. bengalensis and Whiskered Chlidonias hybrida Terns from the Northern Territory. Notes on feeding of C. hybrida in sub-coastal areas have been given by Crawford (1977). In the Indian region, Henry (1971) and Ali and Ripley (1969) described S. bengalensis as 'a blue-water species' and S. bergii as neritic. Observations on the northern Australian coast indicate that S. bengalensis regularly occurs inshore often in the company of S. bergii (crawford 1972; Serventy et al. 1971). AII three species are known to undergo seasonal movements. Here, I describe fluctuations of numbers of these species as shown by weekly censuses on the coast and for C. hybrida at Fogg's Dam. The Dam is fortyfive kilometres south-east of Darwin and the five coastal study sites were in Darwin Harbour and along the coast east of the city. A map of the area appears in Crawford (1972).
Micro-Macro Algal Mixture as a Promising Agent for Treating POME Discharge and its Potential Use as Animal Feed Stock Enhancer

Algae are well known photosynthetic organisms that are able to grow at various environmental conditions. Microalgae and macrophytes are two categories of algae generally having similar biological activities with several industrial advantages. In recent years, micro and macro algae have been increasingly used as animal fodder supplements for farm animals. The main aim of this study is to propose the micro and macroalgae obtained from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) waste water discharge as a promising low-cost-treatment and high-energy method for harvesting the nutritional supplements in order to enhance the animal feedstock production. The mixed micro and macro algal sample was collected from POME and Desa Bakti river. Then it was characterized for nutritional content as appropriate animal feed stock by diluting POME to various concentrations (0, 250, 500, 100 mg/L) in order to enhance their growth and to increase its nutritional value. It was found that a maximum of 23% COD reduction rate was obtained, while the COD concentration above 500 mg/L affected the growth of biomass. The potential use of algae as cheapest aquaculture diets can be considered to be as appropriate source for overcoming the problem of food scarcity and thereby minimizing the negative environmental impacts.
Maltese Youth and the Environment: A Qualitative Study

Maltese Youth and the Environment: A Qualitative Study The present study attempted to highlight the main processes of the acquisition and development of various environmental perspectives and puts forward suggestions on how youth can be better addressed in the light of the research findings. The present paper involved the use of a number of focus groups and a contextual study that examined the development of environmental education on the Maltese islands, considered the main local environmental issues and subsequently analysed the main causes and mechanisms that have shaped the development of the local environment and the Maltese people. The present research identifies a number of geographic and socio economic trends which have a strong impact on young people's knowledge. The results indicate relatively low positive behaviour towards the environment, and the main issue appears to be what is seen as the ‘costs’ involved in performing such pro-environmental actions. A pervasive sense of futility in environmental actions emerged with issues relating to the Maltese government and politics being the main reasons for this feeling. An environmental perspectives model was designed employing the technique of graphical display. The model illustrates how young people perceive the future of the Maltese environment through three Cartesian axes.
TXT 4N6:method, consistency, and distinctiveness in the analysis of sms text messages

This paper presents a case study in forensic authorship analysis for SMS text messages. The case involves a domestic murder where the husband attempted to disguise the timing and mode of his wife’s death through sending a series of SMS text messages from her phone. Late in the evening on Sunday, January 17, 2009, the fire brigade was called to the home of Christopher and Amanda Birks in Stoke-on-Trent, UK. After phoning the emergency services, Christopher Birks entered the house and rescued his sleeping children from the lower floors. On the arrival of the firefighters, he informed them that his wife had gone to bed in the attic bedroom and that she must be trapped there. Placing themselves at considerable risk, firefighters entered the building to attempt a rescue from the top floor bedroom, but were only able to recover Amanda Birks’ severely burned body. Apparently Amanda had been in bed
Safety Analysis of Motorcycle Crashes in Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea: An Application of Nonlinear Optimal Scaling Methods

This study identifies the critical factors that affect motorcycle crash severity based on Korean motorcycle crash data in 2009. Motorcyclists, the environment, roadways, other vehicles involved in the crashes, and traffic flow characteristics were used as variables for identifying critical factors. Multivariable statistical methods were used to analyze the data, including categorical principal components analysis (CatPCA) and nonlinear canonical correlation analysis (NLCCA). The results indicate that the following factors are the most critical in increasing motorcycle crash severity: age (motorcyclists in their teens and over fifty years old), motorcycle speed over 30 km/h, speed over 50 km/h for other vehicles involved in the crash, crashes with heavy vehicles such as buses and trucks, crashes on roadways less than six meters wide, crashes at curved sections, crashes at basic roadway segments without any speed control facilities, and head-on crashes. These findings are expected to serve as a valuable reference for formulating remedial policy measures to decrease the severity of motorcycle crashes on roadways in the Seoul metropolitan area of South Korea.
Foraging Polyethism in Odontotermes Formosanus Shiraki

South of China is always invaded by Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki. In this paper Polyethism of foragers in O.formosanus Shiraki have been investigated. Foragers of Thirty nests in Nanjing Forestry University have been studied, 4782 workers and soldiers captured. We realize that workers with head width of medium (MW) are the main foragers. According to frequency of head width and resulted peaks, foragers have been divided into Very small workers (VSW), Small Workers (SW), Medium Workers (MW), Large Workers (LW), and Very Large Workers (VLW). Studying each nest separately showed that all the above groups are not available in foraging behavior of one nest. We found three groups of soldiers among foragers, Small Soldiers (SS), Medium Soldiers (MS), and Large Soldiers (LS). In this case, MS were the main groups of soldiers. In addition, foraging polyethism in different tree species has been investigated Cinnamonum camphora was the main target for this species. At the end it became obvious that however some of other groups taking part in foraging in different nests, but workers and soldiers with medium head width have a key role in foraging behavior by this kind of termite.
Under Uncertainty, Over Time and Regarding Other People: Rationality in 3D

This paper scrutinizes behavioral economics' challenges to the standard accounts of economic behaviors within and across three dimensions: under uncertainty, over time and regarding other people. ‘Within' dimensions means that decision problems are of the form, e.g., ‘a consequence for sure vs. a bigger consequence with uncertainty' or ‘a consequence now vs. a bigger consequence later', by contrast with decision problems that cut ‘across' dimensions as in, e.g., ‘a consequence for sure but later vs. another consequence now but with uncertainty'. The proposed distinction between challenges within and across dimensions is more than conceptual, it also delimits a historical rupture between two periods that are nontrivial regarding the debates between behavioral and standard economics. The classical challenges posed by Kahneman, Tversky, Thaler and others focused on interactions within dimensions, posing problems to standard models. The more recent challenges from interactions across dimensions are posing problems to to both standard and behavioral economists' models. This paper proposes a systematic contrasts between the three dimensions, in both the challenges within and across the three dimensions, i.e., it proposes to ‘see rationality in 3D', in order to further our understanding of the contemporary theoretical, empirical and methodological stakes underlying these debates. Three methodological issues are discussed throughout: one that is not discussed elsewhere in the reflexive literature, namely the role of language in economic rationality, which we try to connect with the two classical ones around behavioral economics, namely, the issue of interdisciplinary between economics and psychology and the positive/normative issue within models of individual behaviors. With respect to the latter, we suggest that there is a slow historical shift from a primacy of risk over time over social preferences in the making of economists' value judgments of rationality and irrationality, to a competing primacy of time over risk over social preferences.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): An Updated Overview and Pharmacotherapeutics

In 2012, a novel human coronavirus (CoV) associated with severe respiratory tract infection, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) was first recognized and since then 1401 patients were infected across the world (26 countries) with this virus, 543 (~39%) of which died. The diseases present severe respiratory infection often with shock, acute kidney injury and coagulopathy. Its human-to-human transmission through close contact has raised a global concern about its potential pandemic. This review describes the strategies used to develop effective pharmacotherapeutics for MERS-CoV, which are based on the experience gained from SARS-CoV outbreak in 2003.
The Secret Islamization of Europe Exploring the Integrated Threat Theory: Predicting Islamophobic Conspiracy Stereotypes

The revised integrated threat theory (Stephan and Renfro 2002) is tested as a framework for analyzing Islamophobic conspiracy stereotypes (Kofta and Sedek 2005) in Germany. Threats (symbolic and realistic) were analyzed as mediators between different antecedents (in-group identification, ambiguity intolerance, clash of civilizations) and the dependent variable, conspiracy stereotypes. Respondents from Berlin (N = 355) participated in an online survey (Summer 2014). First, the findings indicate that higher education and political orientation towards the left are negatively related to conspiracy stereotypes and threats. Furthermore, the findings of the structural equation model indicate partial mediation via symbolic threats for clash-of-civilizations intergroup conflict and education on conspiracy stereotypes. Full mediation is reported for in-group identification and ambiguity intolerance via symbolic threats. Despite any factual evidence for support, the idea of a secret "Islamization of Europe" is finding increasing support among different groups in Germany (Benz 2011; Shooman 2009; Shooman 2014). Anders Behring Breivik, who killed seventy-seven people on the 22 July 2011 massacre in Norway, was, beside other factors, motivated by the “belief in a Muslim conspiracy to take over Europe” (Fekete 2011).
Body Asymmetries in Young Male Road Cyclists

An anthropometric analysis was conducted on 64 competitive young male road cyclists of different age categories (U17; U19; & U23 years of age). The purpose of the study is to find asymmetries between the left and right side of upper and lo wer limbs with the NX-16 (TC) 3D body scanner, which includes measurement of left and right upper arm girth, elbow girth, forearm girth, wrist girth, thigh girth, knee girth, thigh length, calf girth, and shin length. Body composition was measured by the bioelectrical i mpedance machine InBody 720 (Biospace Ltd.). Results of body composition measurements of male road cyclists showed that U17 and U19 yout h road cyclist differed statistically in five (from 11) paired variables, and the U23 age group differed statistically in six (fr om 11) paired variables. All of the age groups differed statistically in elbow, forearm, and calf girth. The main finding of study was that a s the ge of a cyclist increases, there is a tendency to increase asymmetries between the left and right side of several body segments.
Tropical Rainfall and Boundary Layer Moist Entropy

In the Tropics, the variation of rainfall with sea surface temperature (SST) is highly nonlinear. Rainfall shows no dependence on SST for SST increases from 198 to 268C, abruptly increases by a factor of 5 as SSTs increase from 268 to 298C, and then rapidly declines. It is argued that this nonlinear dependence is a response to the nonlinear dependence of convective mass on SST. Convective mass is a measure of the mass in the convective boundary layer thermodynamically able to participate in deep convection by virtue of its positive convective available potential energy (CAPE). Monthly mean estimates of convective mass were obtained at various islands in the tropical Pacific and Caribbean from the NOAA/National Climatic Data Center highresolution radiosonde database. In the inner Tropics, the tendency for temperatures above the boundary layer to be homogeneous plays an important role in the rapid increase in rainfall near the convective threshold SST. At SSTs below the convective threshold, near-surface winds are generally directed from cold to warmer SSTs, so that horizontal advection of equivalent potential temperature (u e) will tend to suppress moist entropy, and rainfall, in these regions. In areas of the ocean with SSTs larger than the convective threshold, the mean frequency distribution of u e in the boundary layer becomes independent of SST. This occurs both as a response to the homogeneity of temperatures in the inner Tropics, and to the tendency for wind speeds in the boundary layer to decrease with SST for SSTs larger than the convective threshold. In the subtropics, temperature fluctuations are much larger than in the inner Tropics, and can be expected to play a much greater role in determining precipitation patterns.
Ten-Year Secular Changes in Selected Health and Fitness Parameters of 10-11 Years Old Swansea School Children – 2003-2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to highlight the secular changes in selected health and fitness measures (body mass index, prevalence of overweight and obesity and grip strength) in 10-11 year old Swansea school children, using data obtained in 2003 and 2013. Methods: Stature, body mass and grip strength data were collected for 512 participants (n= 230 boys, n= 282 girls) in 2003 during a Crucial CrewDay and for 414 participants (n= 198 boys, n= 216 girls) in 2013 during the Swan-Linx programme. BMIs were calculated from this data andused to calculate BMI standard deviation scores. A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine if there was a statistically significant difference in BMI z-score by gender and year of testing. A two-way ANCOVA was used to investigate if there were differences on grip strength by gender and year of testing, with BMI z-score as a covariate. Results: BMI z-scores decreased significantly (p = 0.001) between 2003 and 2013 for both boys (0.80 to 0.40) and girls (0.58 to 0.41). Prevalence of overweight and obesity decreased for both boys and girls from 31.7% to 23.8% and 33.8% to 29.7%, respectively. After BMI z-scores adjustment, grip strength decreased significantly for boys (18.43kg to 16.88kg, p < 0.001), but not for girls (16.53kg to 16.59kg). Conclusion: The study shows promising results in terms of BMI z-scores and prevalence of overweight and obesity. However, the prevalence of overweight and obesity recorded in 2013 is still high, therefore further decreases in prevalence should continue to be an aim. The study also shows that muscular strength, in boys in particular, should be a focus for future interventions regarding physical fitness, in addition to an area for further investigation.
Positive externalities of congestion on health: A case study of chronic illness in Japan for the period 1988–2009

This paper explores, using Japanese panel data for the years 1988–2009, how externalities from congestion and human capital influence deaths caused by chronic illnesses. Major findings through fixed effects 2SLS estimation were as follows: (1) during the first-half period 1988-98, the number of deaths was proportionally smaller in areas where social capital was larger. Population density and human capital, however, did not affect number of deaths; (2) during the second-half period 1999–2009, the number of deaths was proportionally smaller in more densely populated areas. In addition, human capital contributed to decease the number of deaths. Social capital, on the other hand, did not influence number of deaths. These findings suggest that human capital and positive externalities stemming from congestion make greater contributions to improving lifestyle when chronic illness increases.