Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activity density of the epigeic soil mesofauna in northern Sinai, Egypt

Abstract The epigeic soil fauna was studied in the northern part of the Sinai Peninsula, in the area of Rafah, Egypt. The soil fauna was collected in an area cultivated with peach orchards on a monthly basis between May 1991 and April 1992, using the pitfall trap method. Air and soil temperatures at different elevations and depths as well as the relative air humidity were recorded. The activity density of the soil fauna and meteorological records were treated by the multivariate analysis technique, including correspondence analysis and ascending hierarchic classification. The dominant taxa were Tenebrionidae and Formicidae. Changes in activity density of the recorded groups of soil fauna seem to be seasonal and influenced by air and soil temperatures as well as air relative humidity. Higher values of Formicidae and the presence of Gryllus spp. seem to be related to the pattern of land use practised in this area.
Combined osteotomy in patients with severe Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to describe the clinical and radiographic results obtained with the combined osteotomy in patients with severe Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. MATERIAL AND METHOD During 2000 to 2010 patients with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease who intervened with combined osteotomy at Siriraj Hospital were evaluated. Clinical evaluation was categorized by Ratliff classification and radiographic evaluation was performed by Moss index, Lloyd Roberts classification and Stulberg classification. RESULTS Twenty patients intervened with combined osteotomy. There were nineteen males and one female with a mean age of 7.7 years. The average follow-up was 49 months. Nine had a Catterall III and eleven had a Catterall IV. According to Herring classification, fourteen patients were Herring B and six were Herring C. In accordance with the Ratliff classification, the postoperative clinical results: fifteen good, three fair and two poor. According to Mose scale, eight patients had good results, nine had fair results and three had poor results. According to the Lloyd-Roberts classification eight patients had good results, nine had fair results and three had poor results. Based on the Stulberg classification, there were ten patients in class II, nine in class III and one in class V. CONCLUSION The surgical treatment for severe Perthes disease with the best expected outcome is still a challenge. According to the results reported here, the combined osteotomy is safe and effective procedure for patients with severe Perthes disease in whom the femoral head cannot be contained by conventional forms of treatment.
Predicting Study Abroad Propensity among College Students

The present and increasingly globalized environment of commerce and information has created the need for a workforce adept at global citizenship (Reimers, 2009). As a demand for global citizens has increased, higher education has responded by developing 21st century workforce competencies among its students (NAFSA International Strategic Plans and Mission Statements, 2012). Study abroad is one of the means employed by higher education to increase students’ global competency (Carlson, Bum, Useem & Yachimowicz, 1990). This study explored the relationship between demographic characteristic, and personal, social, and academic experiences of students with respect to predicting propensity to study abroad. Prior research has focused on each of these factors individually while this study explored the influence of these factors collectively on the likelihood to study abroad. Factors were defined by variables measured by the 2014 National Survey on Student Engagement (NSSE) (NSSE, 2014). The data analyses included a combination of independent sample t tests, one-way ANOVAs, and linear regression. The results revealed that gender, race, major, and SES are good predictors of participation in study abroad. Additionally, academic collegiate experiences germane to diversity and societal awareness increased propensity to participate in study abroad. Predicting Study Abroad Propensity among College Students William N. Pruitt III GENERAL AUDIENCE ABSTRACT The present and increasingly globalized environment of commerce and information has created the need for a workforce adept at global citizenship (Reimers, 2009). As a demand for global citizens has increased, higher education has responded by developing 21st century workforce competencies among its students (NAFSA International Strategic Plans and Mission Statements, 2012). Study abroad is one of the means employed by higher education to increase students’ global competency (Carlson, Bum, Useem & Yachimowicz, 1990). This study explored the relationship between demographic characteristic, and personal, social, and academic experiences of students with respect to predicting propensity to study abroad. Prior research has focused on each of these factors individually while this study explored the influence of these factors collectively on the likelihood to study abroad. Factors were defined by variables measured by the 2014 National Survey on Student Engagement (NSSE) (NSSE, 2014). The data analyses included a combination of independent sample t tests, one-way ANOVAs, and linear regression. The results revealed that gender, race, major, and SES are good predictors of participation in study abroad. Additionally, academic collegiate experiences germane to diversity and societal awareness increased propensity to participate in study abroad.
Bacteremia and Urinary Tract Infection Caused by Chromobacterium violaceum: Case Reports from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

Chromobacterium violaceum is ubiquitous in the environment of tropical and subtropical regions but the infections caused by this organism are rare and the urinary tract infections caused by it are even rarer. Due to the propensity for hematogenous spread leading to fatal sepsis, the infections caused by Chromobacterium violaceum have high mortality rate (65–80%) with death occurring in as less as one week of acquiring infection. So, prompt proper treatment is necessary for successful treatment of the infections but, due to the rarity of the infections caused by the organism, there is limited awareness among the clinicians regarding the infections caused by this organism. Here, we reported a case of urinary tract infection caused by Chromobacterium violaceum in a 84-year-old male, who was a kidney patient, and another case of bacteremia caused by the same bacterium in a road traffic accident patient (22-year-old male), both of which were managed with the timely suitable treatment.
[Perinatal variables and association with very low birthweight newborns in a Brazilian public university hospital].

PURPOSE To investigate the association of perinatal variables with the birth of very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm newborns. METHODS It was a retrospective study of the medical records of infants born after spontaneous preterm labor with admission to a neonatal intensive care unit. Preterm infants were divided into two groups: very low birth weight (VLBW) group (weight <1,500 g) and low birth weight (LBW) group (weight ≥1,500 g and <2,500 g). Prenatal variables such as maternal complications during pregnancy and childbirth/postpartum, and fetal/neonatal complications were investigated. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test or χ2 test, with calculation of relative risk (RR), and the Student t test for comparison of group means, with the level of significance set at p≤0.05. RESULTS Hemorrhagic comorbidities (p=0.006; RR=1.2) and hypertension (p=0.04; RR=1.5), surgical delivery (p=0.001; RR=0.5), gestational age <33 weeks (p< 0.001; RR=16.7) and Apgar score at 1st and 5th minute (p=0.006; RR=1.6; p=0.01; RR=1.9) were associated with the occurrence of VLBW. Infants with VLBW had a significant association with the occurrence of metabolic comorbidities (p=0.01; RR=1.8), neurological (p=0.01; RR=1.7) and infectious diseases (p=0.001; RR=1.9), hospitalization >4 weeks (p=0.02; RR=1.8) and early neonatal death (p=0.0001; RR=2.9). CONCLUSIONS Factors such as hypertension and bleeding comorbidities during delivery and management of gestational age of less than 33 weeks were associated with the birth of VLBW newborns. This group of infants also showed higher RR for the occurrence of early neonatal death.
Solanum paniculatum L. (Jurubeba): potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion in mice.

Solanum paniculatum L. is used commonly in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of liver and gastrointestinal disorders. The freeze-dried aqueous extracts (WEs) obtained from distinct parts of the plant (flowers, fruits, leaves, stems and roots) were tested to determine their antiulcer and antisecretory gastric acid activities using mice. The aqueous extracts of roots, stems and flowers inhibited gastric acid secretion in pylorus-ligated mice with ED50 values of 418, 777 and 820 mg/kg body wt. (i.d.), respectively. Extracts of leaves (0.5-2 g/kg body wt., i.d.) did not affect gastric secretion, whereas fruit extracts (0.5-2 g/kg body wt., i.d.) stimulated gastric acid secretion. The stimulatory effect of the fruit extract was inhibited by pretreatment with atropine (5 mg/kg body wt., i.m.) but not with ranitidine (80 mg/kg body wt., i.p.) suggesting that the fruit extract activates the muscarinic pathway of gastric acid secretion. In contrast, administration of the root extract into the duodenal lumen inhibited histamine- and bethanechol-induced gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated mice. In addition, the aqueous extract of roots (ED50 value, 1.2 g/kg body wt., p.o.) protected the animals against production of gastric lesions subsequent to the hypersecretion induced in mice by stress following cold restraint. This effect was not reproduced when the lesions were induced by blockade of prostaglandins synthesis via subcutaneous injection of indomethacin. Thus, antiulcer activity of the plant extracts appears to be related directly to a potent anti-secretory activity. No toxic signs were observed following administration of different extracts up to 2 g/kg body wt. , p.o. Collectively, the results validate folk use of Solanum paniculatum L. plant to treat gastric disorders.
Epigenetic control of neurobehavioural plasticity: the role of neurotrophins

Nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are two neurotrophins involved in the differentiation, growth and maintenance of selected peripheral and central populations of neuronal cells, during development and at adulthood. Furthermore, neuronal activity enhances expression and action of these neurotrophins, modifying synaptic transmission and connectivity. Neurotrophin production has been shown to be experience-dependent. In particular, during early developmental phases, experiences such as maternal deprivation or exposure to an enriched environment markedly affect NGF and BDNF levels. At adulthood, psychosocial stress has been shown to markedly alter NGF and BDNF levels, both in plasma and selected brain areas, including the hypothalamus and hippocampus. These results have been extended to humans, showing that NGF levels are enhanced by emotional stress induced by parachute jumping. Overall, these findings suggest a role of neurotrophins as factors mediating both short- and long-term effects of experience on brain structure and function.
Depicting the inner and outer nose: The representation of the nose and the nasal mucosa on the human primary somatosensory cortex (SI)

The nose is important not only for breathing, filtering air, and perceiving olfactory stimuli. Although the face and hands have been mapped, the representation of the internal and external surface of the nose on the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) is still poorly understood. To fill this gap functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to localize the nose and the nasal mucosa in the Brodman areas (BAs) 3b, 1, and 2 of the human postcentral gyrus (PG). Tactile stimulation during fMRI was applied via a customized pneumatically driven device to six stimulation sites: the alar wing of the nose, the lateral nasal mucosa, and the hand (serving as a reference area) on the left and right side of the body. Individual representations could be discriminated for the left and right hand, for the left nasal mucosa and left alar wing of the nose in BA 3b and BA 1 by comparing mean activation maxima and Euclidean distances. Right‐sided nasal conditions and conditions in BA 2 could further be separated by different Euclidean distances. Regarding the alar wing of the nose, the results concurred with the classic sensory homunculus proposed by Penfield and colleagues. The nasal mucosa was not only determined an individual and bilateral representation, its position on the somatosensory cortex is also situated closer to the caudal end of the PG compared to that of the alar wing of the nose and the hand. As SI is commonly activated during the perception of odors, these findings underscore the importance of the knowledge of the representation of the nasal mucosa on the primary somatosensory cortex, especially for interpretation of results of functional imaging studies about the sense of smell. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4751–4766, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Health risks of warming of 1.5 °C, 2 °C, and higher, above pre-industrial temperatures

Background: In response to the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the research community was asked to estimate differences in sectoral-specific risks at 1.5 °C and 2 °C increases in global mean surface air temperature (SAT) above pre-industrial temperatures. Projections of the health risks of climate change typically focus on time periods and not on the magnitude of temperature change. Objective: Summarize projections of health risks associated with temperature extremes and occupational heat stress, air quality, undernutrition, and vector-borne diseases to estimate how these risks would differ at increases in warming of 1.5 °C, 2 °C, and higher. Methods: A comprehensive search strategy included English language publications since 2008 projecting health risks of climate change identified through established databases. Of 109 relevant publications, nearly all were for future time periods (e.g. in 2030 and 2050) rather than future SAT thresholds. Time periods were therefore converted to temperature changes based on the models and scenarios used. Results: Warming of 1.5 °C is reached in about the 2030s for all multi-model means under all scenarios and warming of 2 °C is reached in about the 2050s under most scenarios. Of the 40 studies projecting risks at 1.5 and 2 °C increases of SAT, risks were higher at 2 °C for adverse health consequences associated with exposures to high ambient temperatures, ground-level ozone, and undernutrition, with regional variations. Risks for vector-borne diseases could increase or decrease with higher global mean temperatures, depending on regional climate responses and disease ecology. Conclusions: The burden of many climate-sensitive health risks are projected to be greater at an increase of 2 °C SAT above pre-industrial temperatures than at 1.5 °C. Future projection studies should report results based on changes in global and regional mean SATs and time, to facilitate quantitative analyses of health risks and to inform the level of ambition and timing of adaptation interventions.
Price Discovery of a Speculative Asset: Evidence from a Bitcoin Exchange

We examine price discovery and liquidity provision in the secondary market for bitcoin—an asset with a high level of speculative trading. Based on BTC-e’s full limit order book over the 2013–2014 period, we find that order informativeness increases with order aggressiveness within the first 10 tiers, but that this pattern reverses in outer tiers. In a high volatility environment, aggressive orders seem to be more attractive to informed agents, but market liquidity migrates outward in response to the information asymmetry. We also find support to the Markovian learning assumption often made in theoretical models of limit order markets.
Infant hyperacuity for radial deformation.

PURPOSE Poor response rates and/or the confounding of motion and offset responses make it difficult to interpret results of previous studies of infant hyperacuity. The aim of the present study was to design a protocol that overcomes these limitations and to investigate the normal maturation of hyperacuity. METHODS Hyperacuity of 31 healthy term infants aged 4 to 12 months was measured using radial deformation of static circular D4 patterns with a two-alternative, forced-choice, preferential-looking (FPL) protocol and maximum likelihood threshold estimation. FPL grating resolution acuity was assessed on the same visit. RESULTS Both hyperacuity and resolution acuity were 1.1 to 1.2 logMAR (12-16 minutes arc) at 4 months of age. Hyperacuity improved rapidly to approximately 0.3 logMAR (2.0 minutes arc) by 9 to 12 months of age. This 0.9 log unit improvement in the hyperacuity still leaves the 12-month-old infant at a level 0.4 log unit poorer than adults' thresholds. Resolution acuity improved more gradually to approximately 0.7 logMAR (5 minutes arc) by 9 to 12 months of age. This 0.4 log unit improvement leaves the 12-month-old infant at a level 0.6 log unit poorer than adults' resolution acuity. CONCLUSIONS Hyperacuity measured via radial deformation thresholds matures very rapidly between 4 and 6 months of age and continues to mature more slowly throughout infancy and into early childhood. The radial deformation protocol may provide a sensitive index for detecting and monitoring abnormalities in spatial vision in cases of infantile esotropia.
Evaluation of Dual–Time-Point 18F-FDG PET for Staging in Patients with Lung Cancer

18F-FDG PET is increasingly used for lung cancer; however, some insufficient results have been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dual–time-point 18F-FDG PET for staging lung cancer and for differentiating metastatic from nonmetastatic lung cancer lesions. Methods: One hundred fifty-five lung cancer patients with known or suspected mediastinal and hilar lymph node involvement or distant metastases underwent whole-body 18F-FDG PET at 2 time points: scan 1 at 60 min (early imaging) and scan 2 at 180 min (delayed imaging) after 18F-FDG injection. 18F-FDG PET findings of nodal and distant metastases were evaluated using conventional imaging, clinical follow-up findings, and the results of autopsy or biopsy. Results: A total of 580 lesions (155 primary lesions, 315 metastatic lesions, and 110 nonmetastatic lesions) were used for analysis. A closer correlation between the primary lesions and metastases was observed for the retention index (RI) standardized uptake value (SUV) than for early and delayed SUV. There was no relationship between the RI SUV results of primary lesions and those of nonmetastatic lesions. The RI SUV of metastatic lesions was approximately 0.5–2 times the RI SUV of primary tumors. We found that the accuracy of 18F-FDG PET was improved when RI SUV was used for detecting lymph node and distant metastases, because of the significant improvement in specificity relative to early and delayed SUV. Conclusion: RI SUV raised the accuracy for diagnosis of metastases and was superior to early and delayed imaging in terms of differentiating malignancy from nonmetastatic uptake.
KEJAHATAN DUNIA MAYA (CYBER CRIME) DALAM SIMAK ONLINE

Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang terjadi dewasa ini telah mencapai pada titik puncak-nya. Hal ini dapat dilihat dengan semakin berkembang pesatnya fitur-fitur yang terdapat dalam tekhnologi digital, terutama teknologi komputer berbasis internet yang mengakibatkan membuat “dunia” semakin mengecil. Jarak dan waktu lebih dapat dihemat dengan perkembangan tekhnologi informasi yang ada saat ini. Semua aktivitas yang seharusnya memerlukan waktu yang lama serta harus ditempuh dengan jarak yang jauh, untuk saat ini lebih dimungkinkan untuk dikerjakan/diakses dimana-pun hanya hitungan menit atau bahkan hitungan detik saja. Sebagaimana halnya dengan teknologi digital yang terdapat dalam fitur-fitur komputer yang berbasis internet, memungkinkan pengoperasiannya serba otomatis dan canggih, dengan sistem komputerisasi/ format yang dapat dibaca oleh komputer. Sebagai penjelmaan teknologi digital tersebut adalah penggunaan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Akademik (SIMAK) online dalam kegiatan belajar-mengajar yang dipergunakan dalam dunia pendidikan khususnya perguruan tinggi. Dengan dipergunakannya teknologi digital di kampus perguruan tinggi, membuat kegiatan civitas akademika semakin mudah. Namun berbagai persoalan pada sisi lain timbul dalam penerapan teknologi digital yang digunakan tersebut, salah satu masalah adalah kemungkinan terjadinya kejahatan (cyber crime) seperti: manipulasi data yang telah dimasukkan ke dalam data digital. Ancaman yang dimaksud dimungkinkan terjadi oleh berbagai pihak yang memiliki niat jahat (mens rea) dalam dunia digital untuk memalsukan atau merubah data-data digital yang telah di entry tersebut.
Differences in utilisation of asthma drugs between two neighbouring Swedish provinces: relation to prevalence of obstructive airway disease.

BACKGROUND--Considerable variation exists in the use of antiasthmatic drugs in different counties in Sweden. The reasons for this variation are unknown. A study was performed to determine if there is an association between sales of antiasthmatic drugs and the prevalence of obstructive airway diseases in two adjoining Swedish counties. METHOD--The prevalence of asthma-associated symptoms in the county of Jämtland where there is high drug use, and the county of Gävleborg where it is lower, was assessed in 1990 by a postal questionnaire answered by 11,300 subjects. Three age groups were included: all 16 year olds, 13% of those aged 30-39 years, and 13% of 60-69 year olds. A total of 2100 subjects reporting airway symptoms in a questionnaire and 450 asymptomatic controls were further investigated at an interview with lung function tests and, in 500 cases, with a methacholine challenge. Asthma was diagnosed in subjects reporting a typical history or repeated episodes of dyspnoea and wheezing, or dry cough combined with reversibility in FEV1, variability in peak expiratory flow, or a PC20 value of < or = 4 mg/ml. RESULTS--The prevalence of current asthma was close to 8% in all age groups in Jämtland and significantly lower (close to 6%) in all age groups in the warmer, more industrialised and more densely populated county of Gävleborg. A gender difference with a higher prevalence in women was found in Gävleborg but not in Jämtland. There was no significant difference in the use of inhaled beta 2 stimulants among subjects with asthma in the two counties. Inhaled steroids were used more often in Jämtland. However, they were used regularly by fewer than 10% of asthmatic subjects in the two younger age groups. CONCLUSION--The differences in the use of antiasthmatic drugs in these two counties reflect a difference in the prevalence of obstructive airway disease.