Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zeta potential of Teflon in presence of monovalent and divalent ions

In this study, the specific effects of Na+ and Ca2+ ions on natural hydrophobic Teflon particles and flat Teflon surfaces were investigated using zeta potential and contact angle measurements, respectively. The zeta potential measurements showed that the surface charge of Teflon was negative at all pH values in the absence of salt ions, and became the positive with the increased salt concentration, and obtained an iso electric point (iep) between pH 3 and 4. The results also indicated that Ca+2 ions more adsorbed on the Teflon surface compared to Na+ ions in the case of the compression of the electrical double layer. The contact angle measurements with Teflon sample showed that while the flat Teflon had a contact angle of 107° at pure water, and the contact angle considerably reduced as a function of salt concentration. This decrease was more effective in the presence of Ca2+ ions rather than Na+ ions. While calcium is a strong water structure maker cation, sodium is a weak structure maker cation, but the role of calcium is more effective at the Teflon-water interface according to zeta potential and contact angle measurements. It is revealed that the Ca+2 ions have a specific effect on Teflon surface due to low salt concentrations and ion charges. The different effects of these cations on Teflon-water interface can be attributed to use in mineral processing, especially in flotation enrichment.
The Digital Divide and Older Adult Population ’ s Adoption , Use and Diffusion of Mobile Phones : A Quantitative Study 1

Due to the changing demographics of societies around the world, ageing has become a major concern for governments and policy makers alike. What has also become clear is that the older adult consumer group and the factors affecting this age group have been studied relatively less in the literature. In this paper, we aim to investigate the adoption, usage, and diffusion of smartphones within the UK older adults so as to identify the factors encouraging or inhibiting smartphone usage and service provision within this age group. To this end, we propose a conceptual framework (Model of Smartphone Acceptance) based on a set of well-known theories of adoption and diffusion. We collected data from 984 participants living in north London and applied the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) technique to analyse the data. Our research can contribute towards reducing some of the existing digital divide within UK older adults. Moreover, businesses can benefit from our research by understanding the significant factors affecting the adoption of smartphones among the UK older population and to adapt their policies accordingly.
A novel ohmic-based technology for seaweed processing

Carrageenans are important hydrocolloids extracted from red seaweeds (Rhodophyceae) of genus Eucheuma, Iridiae, Gigartina, and Chondrus. Carrageenan extraction technologies currently applied in modern industries are based on conventional heating using double-jacketed tanks supplied with steam as heating medium. This technology is inefficient in energy use and posesa complicated processing setup since it requires a dedicated steam generator and steam delivery system. The objective of this study was to develop an ohmic-based novel technology for seaweed processing. The system developed and used in this study consisted of three ohmic heating chambers (7.5 liter each) working in parallel in static mode. The system was tested for iota carrageenan extraction from Eucheuma denticulatum (known commercially as Eucheuma spinosum) using 0.3M KOH solution as extracting medium with seaweed to solution ratio of 1:35 (w/v). The tests were conducted at several temperatures and extraction durations to gain broad insights on the effectiveness of this novel technology. The test results indicated that this technology can efficiently extract carrageenan from E. spinosum with yields in the range of 41-61% (dry weight basis) and viscosity and gel strength in the range of 269-274 cP and 50.87-55.27 g/cm2 respectively. These results suggest that ohmic-based seaweed processing technology is a viable alternative to conventional technologies currently applied in industries.
Predictors of the Survival of Primary and Secondary Older Osteosarcoma Patients

Purpose: Older osteosarcoma patients have a very poor prognosis and treatment for them remains a challenge. The outcomes and potential prognostic factors of primary or secondary older osteosarcoma patients are rarely documented. Therefore, we examined the prognosis of the two special cohorts to identify possible prognostic factors, and provide optimal treatment strategy for them. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database was used to identify osteosarcoma patients aged over 40 years from 1973 to 2015. The prognostic analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: In total, 1162 primary older osteosarcoma patients and 444 secondary older osteosarcoma patients were eligible for this study. The OS and CSS rates of the primary older osteosarcoma patients at 5-year were 38.5% and 37.1%, respectively. The 3- and 5-year OS rates of the secondary older osteosarcoma patients were 22.8% and 14.6%, respectively. On multivariate analysis of the primary older osteosarcoma patients, age > 60, male, axial site, high grade, metastasis, tumor size>10 cm, no surgery, and radiation treatment were negatively associated with OS. In terms of CSS, age, gender, decade of diagnosis, tumor site, tumor grade, tumor stage, tumor size, and surgery were independent prognostic factors. A multivariate Cox regression model showed that secondary older osteosarcoma patients of high grade, metastasis, tumor size > 10 cm, no surgery, and no chemotherapy were independent predictors of decreased OS. Conclusions: Surgery in combination with chemotherapy should be recommended for the treatment of the secondary older osteosarcoma patients, while for the primary older osteosarcoma patients, only surgery should be recommended.
Individual changes in CMJ performance in track and field athletes during an indoor season Individual changes in countermovement jump performance in national youth track and field athletes during an indoor season

Fig. 1. Individual changes in CMJ performance from preparatory period in athlete A, B and C, respectively. Dashed lines show the SWC plus the typical error in the predicted true value, while the black line the predicted score from the trend. Black and white dots represent the vertical jump height (± typical error of measurement) during the competitive and preparatory period, respectively (* :very likely; + :possibly higher / trivial; ? : unclear).
English as a Lingua Franca: A Corpus-based Analysis

1. Introduction 2. Idiomatic fluency 3. Mainstream and ELF-oriented approaches to spoken language 4. Analysis of conversational data 5. Corpus methodology 6. Concordance analysis in L1 and L2 spoken corpora 7. Small words in the case of L1 users 8. Small words in the case of L2 users 9. Minimal idiomatic units in an L1 corpus 10. Literal, metaphorical and pragmatic use in the SUE corpus 11. Creative idiomaticity 12. Conclusion - implications.
D 316 is critical for the enzymatic activity and HIV-1 restriction potential of human and rhesus APOBEC 3 B

APOBEC3B is one of seven human APOBEC3 DNA cytosine deaminases that function to inhibit the replication and persistence of retroelements and retroviruses. Human APOBEC3B restricts the replication of HIV-1 in HEK293 cells, while our laboratory clone of rhesus macaque APOBEC3B did not. We mapped the restriction determinant to a single amino acid difference that alters enzymatic activity. Human APOBEC3B D316 is catalytically active and capable of restricting HIV-1 while rhesus APOBEC3B N316 is not; swapping these residues alters the activity and restriction phenotypes respectively. Genotyping of primate center rhesus macaques revealed uniform homozygosity for aspartate at position 316. Considering the C-to-T nature of the underlying mutation, we suspect that our rhesus APOBEC3B cDNA was inactivated by its own gene product during subcloning in Escherichia coli. This region has been previously characterized for its role in substrate specificity, but these data indicate it also has a fundamental role in deaminase activity. & 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
New Records of Liparis purpureovittata ( Orchidaceae ) and Identification of its Mycorrhizal Fungi

We revise the distribution area of Liparis purpureovittata with new records from western Japan (Ehime Pref. and Kochi Pref.) and central to northern Japan. In molecular analyses of mycorrhizal fungi of L. purpureovittata, Tulasnella (Tulasnellaceae), which is among predominant mycobiont groups of the Orchidaceae including the other Liparis species, was detected from the plants, suggesting its status of the fungal parter.
When It Rains It Pours: Cascading Uncertainty Shocks

Uncertainty shocks can be self-reinforcing. We empirically document that serial uncertainty shocks are (1) common in the data and (2) have an increasingly stronger impact on the macroeconomy. In other words, a series of bad (positive) uncertainty shocks exacerbates the economic decline significantly. We then generate the cascading effect of uncertainty shocks in a standard DSGE model. Related to this finding is the non-linear scaling effect of larger positive uncertainty shocks. As the size of the positive shock doubles, the macroeconomic response more than doubles. Standard theoretical models solved under third order perturbation cannot generate these empirical results: a fourth order perturbation solution is crucial.
SOCCER CLEATS WITH BLADE-SHAPED STUDS AND MECHANICAL OVERLOAD IN SOCCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

ABSTRACT Soccer cleats with blade-shaped studs promote greater traction on the pitch and can be beneficial for soccer performance. On the other hand, movements with rapid changes of direction, associated with the high traction of soccer cleats, can increase overload and risk of injuries. Given the lack of consensus on the effects of these cleats on mechanical overload during specific soccer movements, the aim of this systematic review was to determine the effects of wearing cleats with bladed studs on mechanical overload in soccer. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases between October and November 2017. Non-original articles were excluded, as were those not related to soccer or cleats, and those not written in English. Eight articles were included that tested the effects of bladed studs on overload and that used biomechanical tests. The tasks evaluated were: running in a straight line or with changes of direction, and landing of jumps. The resulting joint torque, soil reaction force, electromyography, and plantar pressure were measured. There was no influence of bladed shaped studs on joint torque or on ground reaction force. There was an increase in plantar pressure on the lateral part of the foot in bladed studs compared to Society cleats and running shoes. When compared with round studs, the results were inconclusive for plantar pressure. Round studs, caused greater electromyographic activity in the quadriceps muscles than bladed studs. It was concluded that wearing bladed-stud cleats does not result in greater mechanical overload during running or landing of jumps. Evidence Level I, Systematic Review.
Post Harvest Treatment with Hydrogen Peroxide Suppresses Silver Scurf ( Helminthosporium solani ) , Dry Rot ( Fusarium sambucinum ) , and Soft Rot ( Erwinia carotovora subsp . carotovora ) of Stored Potatoes

Potato growers encounter high economic losses on a yearly basis due to potato diseases in storage. Current fungicides are becoming ineffective due to the development of resistance by potato tuber pathogens, and new and more effective chemicals are needed to replace them. Potato storage trials were conducted to determine the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the potato tuber diseases fusarium dry rot, silver scurf, and soft rot. The effect of H2O2 on traits that affect processing quality, such as potato glucose content, sucrose content and French fry colour, were determined before and after treatment. Potato samples (cvs. ‘Shepody’ and ‘Norland’) were inoculated with Fusarium sambucinum, Helminthosporium solani, and Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora before treatment. Three treatments were included in this experiment: a control (tap water); 1:100 v/v H2O2 to water; and 1:50 v/v H2O2 to water. Potato storages were set at 10°C, with 90+% relative humidity and airflow of 0.035 m/min/4536 kg of potatoes. Each treatment was applied as a mist using a separate humidifier at a rate of 1L/8 h. Airflow was turned on at the same time as the humidifier to allow the mist to spread through the samples. Treatments were applied daily for 2 weeks (8 h/day), and then once per week (8 h) for the duration of the experiment. H2O2 was effective in slowing the development of Fusarium dry rot, silver scurf and soft rot and treated potatoes were significantly less diseased compared to the untreated controls. Relative to untreated tubers, silver scurf severity was 21.0 and 15.2% less in ‘Shepody’, and 23.0 and 14.0% less in ‘Norland’ tubers treated with 1:50 and 1:100 H2O2, respectively. Dry rot severity was 8.1 and 5.6% less in Shepody, and 12.3 and 6.1% less in ‘Norland’ tubers treated with 1:50 and 1:100 H2O2, respectively. The severity of soft rot was 1.4 and 2.3% less in ‘Shepody’, and 3.4 and 3.9% less in ‘Norland’ tubers treated with 1:50 and 1:100 H2O2, respectively. Sucrose and glucose concentrations in tubers, and fry colour were unaffected by H2O2 treatment. Our findings indicate that hydrogen peroxide applied to potatoes after harvest is a viable option for suppressing potato diseases in storage while maintaining French fry color. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Dose-Dependent Effects of Focal Fractionated Irradiation on Secondary Malignant Neoplasms in Nf 1 Mutant Mice

Secondary malignant neoplasms (SMN) are increasingly common complications of cancer therapy that have proven difficult to model in mice. Clinical observations suggest that the development of SMN correlates with radiation dose; however, this relationship has not been investigated systematically. We developed a novel procedure for administering fractionated cranial irradiation (CI) and investigated the incidence and spectrum of cancer in control and heterozygous Nf1 mutant mice irradiated to a moderate (15 Gy) or high dose (30 Gy). Heterozygous Nf1 inactivation cooperated with CI to induce solid tumors and myeloid malignancies, with mice developing many of the most common SMNs found in human patients. CI-induced malignancies segregated according to radiation dose as Nf1þ/ mice developed predominately hematologic abnormalities after 15 Gy, whereas solid tumors predominated at 30 Gy, suggesting that radiation dose thresholds exist for hematologic and nonhematologic cancers. Genetic and biochemical studies revealed discrete patterns of somatic Nf1 and Trp53 inactivation and we observed hyperactive Ras signaling in many radiation-induced solid tumors. This technique for administering focal fractionated irradiation will facilitate mechanistic and translational studies of SMNs. Cancer Res; 71(1); 106–15. 2011 AACR.
The Effects of Realistic Mathematics Education on Students’ Math Self Reports in Fifth Grades Mathematics Course

The aim of this research is to analyze the effects of realistic mathematics education on students’ self-reports on the ‘numbers and operation’ unit of the 5th grades mathematics course. For this reason, two classes were randomly identified. After seeing that the groups were equivalent using the Achievement Test of Group Equivalency (ATGE), Achievement Test of Learning Domain (ATLD) and Mathematics Self-Report Inventory (MSRI) were applied to both groups. The application was continued for 7 weeks until the end of unit. The experimental group was learned the unit using the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) based activities. On the other hand, the control group was taught the unit using the course book suggested by the Ministry of Education. Learning area achievement test and mathematics self-report inventory were conducted again as posttests, and the results were evaluated by comparing them with the pre-test results. After this comparison, it was seen that self-reports of the students who were taught in accordance with the Realistic Mathematics Education were higher than the students who were taught by classical methods.
University of Dundee High resolution imaging reveals heterogeneity in chromatin states between cells that is not inherited through cell

Background: Genomes of eukaryotes exist as chromatin, and it is known that different chromatin states can influence gene regulation. Chromatin is not a static structure, but is known to be dynamic and vary between cells. In order to monitor the organisation of chromatin in live cells we have engineered fluorescent fusion proteins which recognize specific operator sequences to tag pairs of syntenic gene loci. The separation of these loci was then tracked in three dimensions over time using fluorescence microscopy. Results: We established a work flow for measuring the distance between two fluorescently tagged, syntenic gene loci with a mean measurement error of 63 nm. In general, physical separation was observed to increase with increasing genomic separations. However, the extent to which chromatin is compressed varies for different genomic regions. No correlation was observed between compaction and the distribution of chromatin markers from genomic datasets or with contacts identified using capture based approaches. Variation in spatial separation was also observed within cells over time and between cells. Differences in the conformation of individual loci can persist for minutes in individual cells. Separation of reporter loci was found to be similar in related and unrelated daughter cell pairs. Conclusions: The directly observed physical separation of reporter loci in live cells is highly dynamic both over time and from cell to cell. However, consistent differences in separation are observed over some chromosomal regions that do not correlate with factors known to influence chromatin states. We conclude that as yet unidentified parameters influence chromatin configuration. We also find that while heterogeneity in chromatin states can be maintained for minutes between cells, it is not inherited through cell division. This may contribute to cell-to-cell transcriptional heterogeneity.
CARAFE : Content-Aware ReAssembly of FEatures Supplementary Materials

Object Detection and Instance Segmentation. We evaluate CARAFE on Faster RCNN [11] and Mask RCNN [4] with the ResNet-50 backbone [5]. FPN [8] is used for these methods. In both training and inference, we resize an input image such that its shorter edge has 800 pixels or longer edge has 1333 pixels without changing its aspect ratio. We adopt synchronized SGD with an initial learning rate of 0.02, a momentum of 0.9 and a weight decay of 0.0001. We use a batchsize of 16 over 8 GPUs (2 images per GPU). Following the 1x training schedule as Detectron [3] and MMDetection [1], we train 12 epochs in total and decrease the learning rate by a factor of 0.1 at epoch 8 and 11. Semantic Segmentation. We use the official implementation of UperNet1 [12] with the ResNet-50 backbone. During the training, an input image is resized such that the size of its shorter edge is randomly selected from {300, 375, 450, 525, 600}. In inference, we apply the single scale testing for a fair comparison and the shorter edge of an image is set to 450 pixels. The maximum length of the longer edge of an image is set to 1200 in both training and inference. We adopt synchronized SGD with an initial learning rate of 0.02, a momentum of 0.9 and a weight decay of 0.0001. We use a batchsize of 16 over 8 GPUs (2 images per GPU), and synchronized batch normalization is adopted as a common practice in semantic segmentation. Following [2], the ‘poly’ learning rate policy in which the learning rate of current iteration equals to the initial learning rate multiplying (1− iter/max iter) is adopted. We set power to 0.9 and train 20 epochs in total. Image Inpainting. We employ the generator and discriminator networks from Global&Local [6] as the baseline. Our generator takes a 256×256 image x with masked regionM as input and produces a 256×256 prediction of the missing region ŷ as output. Then we combine the predicted image with the input by y = (1−M) x+M ŷ. Finally, the
Towards an Account of Adverbials in the Vor-Vorfeld: Beyond V2-Syntax

This analysis focuses on main-clause contructions in German and Dutch that begin with an adverbial in the Vor-Vorfeld (pre-prefield), an area of the left periphery that I argue is beyond the reach of verb-second (V2) syntax. Using the Minimalist framework, I propose that the insertion of ad-ditional features, primarily the feature [-restrictive], from the Pragmatics Component (PC) is neces-sary to account for the properties that distinguish constructions of this type from those that have just one element before the finite verb, i.e. are classic V2. The addition of PC-features occurs at the Con-ceptual-Intentional (C-I) Interface and is thus subject directly only to the conditions of this interface. Once the C-I-Interface has been accessed for left-dislocation to the left periphery, the narrow syntax can no longer induce Merge (no look-back). Thus, the V2-constraint cannot apply. The data support a CP-domain with two projections: [CP [TopP [TP [vP …]]]].
Routes of vector application for brain tumor gene therapy Review Article

Nikolai G. Rainov, Xandra O. Breakefield, Christof M. Kramm 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany, 2 Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neurosciences Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA University Children’s Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical Center, Duesseldorf, Germany. __________________________________________________________________________________
Antimicrobial Effects of SeptiTurbo, Deconex (Solarsept) and 0.525% Sodium Hypochlorite Spray on Alginate Impression Materials

School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Dept. of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran MSc Center of Pathological and Medical Diagnostic Services, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran Dentist, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Dept. of microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran Dept. of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran