Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The embryonic rest hypothesis of cancer development - an old XIX century theory revisited

In the middle of XIX century, two German pathologists Rudolf Virchow and Julius Cohnheim proposed the intriguing hypothesis that cancer may develop from embryonic cell remnants that remain in the developing organs following embryo- genesis. This hypothesis is known as the "embryonic rest hypothesis of cancer development" and was popular among pathologist in the 19th and 20th centuries and later on somehow abandoned. In fact the morphology of most primitive tumors often mimics developmentally early tissues, and such tumors may express markers that are characteristic for epiblast and/or germ line cells. This observation could reflect the phenomenon of dedifferentiation of somatic cells in which cancer develops to moreprimitivestateorincontrastapossibilitythatcanceroriginatesinprimitivestemcellscloselyrelatedtotheepiblast/germline. The identification of primitive epiblast/germline-derived so called very small embryonic/epiblast-like stem cells (VSELs) in adult organs raised the possibility that these cells may give rise to some malignancies. In addition VSELs may also support tumor growthbyprovidingstromaandareinvolvedinneovasculogenesis.Inthisreview,wewillpresentahypothesizethatVSELscould be a missing link that supports the embryonic rest- or germline-origin hypothesis of cancer development; however, further experimental evidence is needed to support this intriguing concept.
Concomitant occurrence of FXTAS and clinically defined sporadic inclusion body myositis: report of two cases

This report describes unique presentations of inclusion body myositis (IBM) in two unrelated patients, one male and one female, with genetically and histologically confirmed fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). We summarize overlapping symptoms between two disorders, clinical course, and histopathological analyses of the two patients with FXTAS and sporadic IBM, clinically defined per diagnostic criteria of the European Neuromuscular Centre. In case 1, a post-mortem analysis of available brain and muscle tissues is also described. Histopathological features (rimmed vacuoles) consistent with clinically defined IBM were detected in both presented cases. Postmortem testing in case 1 revealed the presence of an FMR1 premutation allele of 60 CGG repeats in both brain and skeletal muscle samples. Case 2 was a premutation carrier with 71 CGG repeats who had a son with FXS. Given that FXTAS is associated with immune-mediated disorders among premutation carriers, it is likely that the pathogeneses of IBM and FXTAS are linked. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of these two conditions presenting together, which expands our understanding of clinical symptoms and unusual presentations in patients with FXTAS. Following detection of a premutation allele of the FMR1 gene, FXTAS patients with severe muscle pain should be assessed for IBM.
Treatment of elderly Hodgkin lymphoma patients

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a rather rare malignancy that often affects young adults. The disease is peculiar since the number of malignant cells is rare so that for decades, it was unclear if this was an unusual infection, autoimmune disease, or indeed a malignancy. There are two subtypes of HL: classical HL (cHL) and nodular lymphocyte predominant HL (NLPHL). The history of HL dates back to the first half of the 19th century when this lymphoid disease was described by Dr Thomas Hodgkin (1798‐1869). Children and young adults are often affected by HL representing the largest group of malignant lymphoma up to the age of 39 years. Most new cases of HL are in the group of 20‐ to 34‐year‐old patients representing nearly 32% of all new lymphoma cases. The most comprehensive data set on incidence and cumulative relative survival of HL is derived from the Swedish registry. Their data show that over decades, the prognosis of patients with HL has greatly improved over time, particularly for those patients under the age of 50 years. There is also a variety of late side effects after successful treatment for HL including secondary neoplasia such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other leukemias, non‐HL, and a variety of solid tumors. The largest overall standardized incidence ratio (SIR) as compared with the general population is observed for AML (22‐fold). The risk for non‐HL is increased by sixfold to 14‐fold followed by different solid tumors.
Evaluating the Effect of Surgical Skill on Outcomes for Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Video-based Study.

BACKGROUND Prior studies have demonstrated a correlation between surgical skill and complication rates after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. However, the impact of surgical skill on a similar but less technically challenging procedure such as sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is unknown. METHODS Practicing bariatric surgeons (n = 25) participating in a statewide quality improvement collaborative submitted an unedited deidentified video of a representative laparoscopic SG. Videos were obtained between 2015 and 2016 and were rated by bariatric surgeons in a blinded fashion using a validated instrument that assesses surgical skill. Overall scores were based on a 5-point Likert scale with 5 representing a "master surgeon" and 1 representing a "surgeon-in-training. " Risk-adjusted 30-day complication rates, 1-year weight loss among cases performed during the study period, and operative technique were compared between surgeons rated in the top and bottom quartiles according to skill. RESULTS Surgeon ratings for skill varied between 2.73 and 4.60. Ratings for skill did not correlate with overall 30-day risk-adjusted complication rates (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.213, P = 0.303). However, surgeons with higher skill ratings had lower rates of specific surgical complications, including postoperative obstruction (0.13% vs 0.3%, P = 0.017), hemorrhage (0.85% vs 1.27%, P = 0.005), and reoperation (0.24% vs 0.92%, P < 0.0001). Surgeons ranked in the top quartile for skill had faster operating times for SG (59.0 vs 82.1 min, P < 0.0001) and higher annual case volumes for both SG and any bariatric procedure (224.3 cases/yr vs 73.4 cases/yr, P = 0.009 and 244.9 cases/yr and 93.9 cases/yr, P = 0.009) when compared with surgeons in the bottom quartile. When comparing operative technique, top rated surgeons were noted to have a higher likelihood of using buttressing (83.3% vs 0%, P = 0.0041) and intraoperative endoscopy (83.3% vs 0%, P = 0.0041). CONCLUSIONS Peer ratings for surgical skill varied for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy but did not have a significant impact on overall complication rates. Top rated surgeons had lower rates of obstruction, hemorrhage, and reoperation; however, severe morbidity remained extremely low among all surgeons.
From Quartz Crystal Microbalance to Fundamental Principles of Mass Measurements

Abstract This article reveals that the mass sensitivity of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is acceleration dependent and this feature is not specific to only the QCM, but also is valid in the case of other balances. During quartz crystal vibration a megagravity field is created at the surface of the quartz resonator. The existence of this field is demonstrated using C‐nanoparticles deposition. It is shown that the product of the minimum detectable mass and the acceleration acting on that mass is a constant for both QCM and beam balances, thus, explaining why QCM is more sensitive than are conventional analytical microbalances. The article introduces the concept of acceleration‐dependent mass sensitivity and explains the origins of QCM sensitivity to a liquid viscosity. Based on this concept, several fundamental principles for mass measurements are formulated. I thank Romulus V. Bucur and Errol EerNisse for useful discussions and to Rolf Berger for reading the manuscript and helpful suggestions.
Experimental Study on Indoor Thermal Stratification in Large Space by under Floor Air Distribution System (UFAD) in Summer

A ventilation method of down-supply up-return has grown popular in large space in recent years for comfort ventilation with low thermal load, especially in China, including gymnasium, factory space, and exhibition hall, etc. The undisturbed flow pattern in the space gives a gradient in temperature, and the vertical thermal stratification appears markedly in large space. The object for this paper is to understand the behaviour of an under floor air distribution system in a ventilated space. The thermal stratification characteristics in a real UFAD experimental space were measured. The effects of different supply conditions on the thermal stratification characteristics are investigated based on the experimental results. The relations between space air stratification and the control parameter is predicted. It can be indicated that there are 4 zones composing the vertical thermal stratification. And different zone has different control parameter.
Graf-Lehndorff-Institut für Pferdewissenschaften und

The treatment of early pregnant mares with a history of repeated early embryonic loss with the progestin altrenogest has become routine; however no controlled studies on the efficiency of altrenogest to prevent embryonic losses are available so far. In the present study, we have investigated effects of altrenogest treatment in mares on conceptus development and the secretion of LH, progesterone and eCG until day 100 of pregnancy. In addition, differences related to age of mares were assessed. Mares were treated with altrenogest (0.044 mg/kg per os once daily) or sunflower oil (10 ml per os once daily) from day 6 to day 100 after ovulation. Blood samples for analysis of LH, progesterone and eCG were collected. The size of the embryonic vesicle and embryo/fetus was determined by ultrasound. No difference in the per cycle pregnancy rate between altrenogest-treated (75%) and sunflower oil-treated mares (74%) was detected (n.s.). A significant effect of age but not of altrenogest treatment on mean diameter of the embryonic vesicle was found between days 12 and 22 of pregnancy (e.g. day 15: control, 4-8 years: 22.9±1.0 mm, >8 years: 22.0±1.7 mm, altrenogest, 4-8 years: 26.1±2.0 mm, >8 years: 20.4±1.0 mm, p<0.05). A significant effect of age and treatment on size of the embryo proper between days 30 and 45 was detected (p<0.05). In the control group but not in the altrenogest group, size of the embryo proper respective fetus was negatively correlated with age of the mares (day 30: r=-0.834, p<0.05; day 35: r=-0.506, p<0.05). Plasma concentrations of LH and progesterone were neither affected by age nor by treatment of mares, but significant effects of age and altrenogest treatment on eCG concentrations between days 40 and 130 were detected (p<0.05). The present study demonstrates for the first time a positive influence of altrenogest treatment on a retarded development of the embryo respective fetus around the beginning of placentation in mares older than 8 years.
Algorithm for Resecting Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Caudate Lobe

Objective: To propose an algorithm for resecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the caudate lobe. Background: Owing to a deep location, resection of HCC originating in the caudate lobe is challenging, but a plausible guideline enabling safe, curable resection remains unknown. Methods: We developed an algorithm based on sublocation or size of the tumor and liver function to guide the optimal procedure for resecting HCC in the caudate lobe, consisting of 3 portions (Spiegel, process, and caval). Partial resection was prioritized to remove Spiegel or process HCC, while total resection was aimed to remove caval HCC depending on liver function. Results: According to the algorithm, we performed total (n = 43) or partial (n = 158) resections of the caudate lobe for HCC in 174 of 201 patients (compliance rate, 86.6%), with a median blood loss of 400 (10–4530) mL. Postoperative morbidity (Clavien grade ≥III b) and mortality rates were 3.0% and 0%, respectively. After a median follow-up of 2.6 years (range, 0.5–14.3), the 5-year overall and recurrence-free survival rates were 57.3% and 15.3%, respectively. Total and partial resection showed no significant difference in overall survival (71.2% vs 54.0% at 5 yr; P = 0.213), but a significant factor in survival was surgical margin (58.0% vs 45.6%, P = 0.034). The major determinant for survival was vascular invasion (hazard ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.0–3.1, P = 0.026). Conclusions: Our algorithm-oriented strategy is appropriate for the resection of HCC originating in the caudate lobe because of the acceptable surgical safety and curability.
Impact of Coupling an Ocean Model to WRF Nor’easter Simulations

AbstractThe impact of ocean–atmosphere coupling and its possible seasonal dependence upon Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulations of seven, wintertime cyclone events was investigated. Model simulations were identical aside from the degree of ocean model coupling (static SSTs, 1D mixed layer model, full-physics 3D ocean model). Both 1D and 3D ocean model coupling simulations show that SSTs following the passage of a nor’easter did tend to cool more strongly during the early season (October–December) and were more likely to warm late in the season (February–April). Model simulations produce SST differences of up to 1.14 K, but this change did not lead to significant changes in storm track ( 1) and have low-to-moderate threat scores (0.31–0.59). Analysis of the storm enviro.
Reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species in human male fertility. A crossroad of cellular signaling and pathology

Infertility is a significant global health problem that currently affects one of six couples in reproductive age. The quality of male reproductive cells dramatically decreased over the last years and almost every aspect of modern life additionally worsen sperm functional parameters that consequently markedly increase male infertility. This clearly points out the importance of finding a new approach to treat male infertility. Redox signaling mediated by reactive oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur species (ROS, RNS, and RSS respectively), has appeared important for sperm reproductive function. Present review summarizes the current knowledge of ROS, RNS, and RSS in male reproductive biology and identifies potential targets for development of novel pharmacological and therapeutic approaches for male infertility by targeted therapeutic modulation of redox signaling.
Does Donor Allograft Microsteatosis Matter? Comparison of Outcomes in Liver Transplantation With a Propensity‐Matched Cohort

It has been suggested that microsteatosis does not negatively impact graft survival following liver transplantation (LT). The present study represents the largest series on donor livers with significant microsteatosis and investigates the impact of microsteatosis on perioperative factors such as postreperfusion syndrome (PRS), early allograft dysfunction (EAD), and postoperative renal dysfunction. Clinical outcomes of all patients undergoing LT with donor livers with isolated microsteatosis (≥30%; n = 239) between 2000 and 2017 were compared with a propensity score–matched cohort of patients undergoing LT with donor livers with no steatosis (n = 239). Patients in the microsteatosis group had a higher rate of PRS (33.1% versus 24.2%; P = 0.03), EAD (38.2% versus 23.0%; P < 0.001), and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) requirement following LT (10.9% versus 3.6%; P = 0.002) than the no steatosis group. No difference in patient (P = 0.33) or graft survival (P = 0.18) was observed between the 2 groups. On multivariate regression, livers with microsteatosis had an increased risk of graft loss with retransplant recipients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.59; P < 0.001), increasing Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (HR, 1.13; P = 0.01), and organs from donation after circulatory death donors (HR, 1.46; P = 0.003). In conclusion, recipients of donor livers with significant microsteatosis are at an increased risk of PRS, EAD, and postoperative renal dysfunction requiring CRRT. Livers with significant microsteatosis should be avoided in retransplant recipients and in recipients with high biological MELD scores. Once appropriately selected recipients of these livers are able to overcome the initial perioperative implications of using these donor livers, longterm patient and graft survival is similar to recipients receiving grafts with no steatosis.
Exploring the impact of analysis software on task fMRI results

A wealth of analysis tools are available to fMRI researchers in order to extract patterns of task variation and, ultimately, understand cognitive function. However, this ‘methodological plurality’ comes with a drawback. While conceptually similar, two different analysis pipelines applied on the same dataset may not produce the same scientific results. Differences in methods, implementations across software packages, and even operating systems or software versions all contribute to this variability. Consequently, attention in the field has recently been directed to reproducibility and data sharing. Neuroimaging is currently experiencing a surge in initiatives to improve research practices and ensure that all conclusions inferred from an fMRI study are replicable. In this work, our goal is to understand how choice of software package impacts on analysis results. We use publically shared data from three published task fMRI neuroimaging studies, reanalyzing each study using the three main neuroimaging software packages, AFNI, FSL and SPM, using parametric and nonparametric inference. We obtain all information on how to process, analyze, and model each dataset from the publications. We make quantitative and qualitative comparisons between our replications to gauge the scale of variability in our results and assess the fundamental differences between each software package. While qualitatively we find broad similarities between packages, we also discover marked differences, such as Dice similarity coefficients ranging from 0.000 - 0.743 in comparisons of thresholded statistic maps between software. We discuss the challenges involved in trying to reanalyse the published studies, and highlight our own efforts to make this research reproducible.
Behavioural Economics Beliefs about Behavioral Responses to Taxation

We conduct an experiment to study how beliefs about behavioral responses to taxation and preferences over equality–e iciency trade-o s relate to the political disagreement on redistribution. We use a novel method to elicit incentivized beliefs from a sample of 13,900 Americans about how taxes a ect people’s e ort choices, and we elicit incentivized equality–e iciency preferences. We find that Democrats and Republicans have virtually identical beliefs about behavioral responses to taxation. Furthermore, we find that beliefs about behavioral responses to taxation fail to predict people’s support for equalization of incomes in society. Equality– e iciency preferences, by contrast, strongly predict both people’s political a iliation and their support for equalization of incomes in society. We also explore the role of motivated beliefs and identity politics by priming respondents about the political disagreement on redistribution. The treatments increase political polarization in preferences, but do not polarize beliefs. Our findings suggest that the political divide on redistribution relates more to people’s preferences than to their beliefs about the behavioral responses to taxation. (JEL C91, D83, H20) ∗A iliation of all authors: Department of Economics, NHH Norwegian School of Economics. E-mails: Alexander.Cappelen@nhh.no, Ingar.Haaland@nhh.no, and Bertil.Tungodden@nhh.no. We would like to thank Alberto Alesina, Roland Bénabou, Edward Glaeser, Olof Johansson-Stenman, David Laibson, Ma hew Rabin, Christopher Roth, Rupert Sausgruber, Andrei Schleifer, Klaus Schmidt, Daniel Schunk, Stefanie Stantcheva, Ma hias Su er, Guido Tabellini, Jean-Robert Tyran, Jonas Tungodden, and numerous seminar and conference participants for their helpful comments and discussions. This work was partially supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence Scheme, FAIR project No 262675. The experiment is registered in the AEA RCT Registry as trial 2186. The usual disclaimer applies.
Dynamic Thylakoid Stacking Is Regulated by LHCII Phosphorylation but Not Its interaction with PSI1[OPEN]

Phosphorylation of light-harvesting complex II controls chloroplast thylakoid membrane organization in response to changing light intensity. Grana stacking in plant chloroplast thylakoid membranes dynamically responds to the light environment. These dynamics have been linked to regulation of the relative antenna sizes of PSI and PSII (state transitions), the PSII repair cycle, and the regulation of photosynthetic electron transfer. Here, we used 3D structured illumination microscopy, a subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence imaging technique, to investigate the light-intensity dependence, kinetics, reversibility, and regulation of dynamic thylakoid stacking in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Low-intensity white light (150 μmol photons m−2 s−1) behaved similarly to light preferentially exciting PSII (660 nm), causing a reduction in grana diameter and an increased number of grana per chloroplast. By contrast, high-intensity white light (1000 μmol photons m−2 s−1), darkness, and light preferentially exciting PSI (730 nm) reversed these changes. These dynamics occurred with a half-time of 7 to 8 min and were accompanied by state transitions. Consistent with this, the dynamics were dependent on STN7 (light-harvesting complex II [LHCII] kinase) and TAP38 (LHCII phosphatase), which are required for state transitions but were unaffected by the absence of STN8 (PSII kinase) or PSII core phosphatase (PSII phosphatase). Unlike state transitions, however, thylakoid stacking dynamics did not rely on the presence of the LHCI and PSI subunit L phospho-LHCII binding sites on PSI. Since oligomerization of thylakoid curvature protein (CURT1A) was unaffected by the absence of STN7 or TAP38, we conclude that the primary determinant of dynamic thylakoid stacking is LHCII phosphorylation.
The Rise and Fall of Pellagra in the American South

Focusing on the first half of the twentieth century, we explore the rise and fall of pellagra (a disease caused by inadequate niacin consumption) in the American South. We first consider the hypothesis that the South’s monoculture in cotton undermined nutrition by displacing local food production. Consistent with this hypothesis, a difference in differences estimation shows that after the arrival of the boll weevil, food production in affected counties rose while cotton production and pellagra rates fell. The results also suggest that after 1937 improved medical understanding and state fortification laws helped eliminate pellagra.
Nitrogen and phosphorus relationships to benthic algal biomass in temperate streams

Knowledge of factors limiting benthic algal (periphyton) biomass is central to understanding energy flow in stream ecosystems and stream eutrophication. We used several data sets to determine how water column nutrients and nonnutrient factors are linked to periphytic biomass and if the ecoregion concept is applicable to nutrientperiphyton relationships. Literature values for seasonal means of biomass of periphyton, nutrient concentrations, and other stream characteristics were collected for almost 300 sampling periods from temperate streams. Data for benthic chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations from a subset of 620 stations in the United States National Stream Water-Quality Monitoring Networks were also analyzed. The greatest portion of variance in models for the mean and maximum biomass of benthic stream algae (about 40%) was explained by concentrations of total N and P. Breakpoint regression and a two-dimensional KolmogorovSmirnov statistical technique established significant breakpoints of about 3.