Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Pro Þ table Is Capital Structure Arbitrage ?

This paper examines the risk and return of the so-called capital structure arbitrage, which exploits the mispricing between a companys debt and equity. SpeciÞcally, a structural model connects a companys equity price with its credit default swap (CDS) spread. Based on the deviation of CDS market spreads from their theoretical counterparts, a convergence-type trading strategy is proposed and analyzed using 135,759 daily CDS spreads on 261 obligors. At the level of individual trades, the risk of the strategy arises when the arbitrageur shorts CDS and the market spread subsequently skyrockets, forcing the arbitrageur into early liquidation and engendering large losses. An equally-weighted portfolio of all trades produces Sharpe ratios similar to those of other Þxed-income arbitrage strategies and hedge fund industry benchmarks. However, the monthly excess returns on this portfolio are not signiÞcantly correlated with either equity or bond market factors.
The World treasury of modern religious thought

This world treasury is a collection of some of the greatest and most profound pieces of religious, contemplative and inspirational writings of our time. The contributors represent a range of perspectives from the early 19th century to the present day. They include such figures as Albert Camus, Friedrich Nietzche, Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Muhammed Iqbal. The collection is organized topically into eight sections that treat such major themes as the will to believe, the grandeur of God and visions of the other world.
The inception of pulsed discharges in air: simulations in background fields above and below breakdown

We investigate discharge inception in air, in uniform background electric fields above and below the breakdown threshold. We perform 3D particle simulations that include a natural level of background ionization in the form of positive and O2− ? > ions. In background fields below breakdown, we use a strongly ionized seed of electrons and positive ions to enhance the field locally. In the region of enhanced field, we observe the growth of positive streamers, as in previous simulations with 2D plasma fluid models. The inclusion of background ionization has little effect in this case. When the background field is above the breakdown threshold, the situation is very different. Electrons can then detach from O2− ? > and start ionization avalanches in the whole volume. These avalanches together create one extended discharge, in contrast to the ‘double-headed’ streamers found in many fluid simulations.
An Inventory of Peroxisomal Proteins and Pathways in Drosophila melanogaster

Peroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles housing a variety of essential biochemical pathways. Peroxisome dysfunction causes a spectrum of human diseases known as peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBD). Although much is known regarding the mechanism of peroxisome biogenesis, it is still unclear how peroxisome dysfunction leads to the disease state. Several recent studies have shown that mutations in Drosophila peroxin genes cause phenotypes similar to those seen in humans with PBDs suggesting that Drosophila might be a useful system to model PBDs. We have analyzed the proteome of Drosophila to identify the proteins involved in peroxisomal biogenesis and homeostasis as well as metabolic enzymes that function within the organelle. The subcellular localization of five of these predicted peroxisomal proteins was confirmed. Similar to Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila appears to only utilize the peroxisome targeting signal type 1 system for matrix protein import. This work will further our understanding of peroxisomes in Drosophila and add to the usefulness of this emerging model system.
Histological study of the effects of cypermethrin on liver and kidney tissues of mice model.

Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide widely used to protect crop against pest and insect, resulting human health and their related environment are under great risk due to undesirable toxicity. The present study was carried out to evaluate extinct of damage caused by subcutaneous introduction of cypermethrin on liver and kidney tissue of mice model. Forty switch albino mice were dispense mainly into two groups as control and treatment group. The animals of three treatment groups (each group contain ten animal) were provided ordinary poultry food containing cypermethrin at dose level of 5, 7.5 & 10 ml/kg body weight respectively for different period based on the number of treated group. After ending treatment period, the animals were sacrificed for histological study and visualized under light microscope. Result were demonstrated enlargement in the sinusoidal space, vacuole formations in hepatocytes, leucocytic infiltrations, congestion of blood vessels with hemorrhage in hepatic tissue and shrinkage of glomeruli, necrosis of renal tubules, deleted blood vassal and severe congestion of renal glomerulus along with hemorrhage in renal tissues compared with the regular organization of their control. Therefore, we strongly recommend for the ban of cypermethrin and searching out nontoxic pesticide for agricultural use. Keyword: Cypermethrin, histology, kidney, liver and Mus musculus.
Insect Successional Pattern of a Corpse in Cooler Months of Subtropical Southeastern Texas

Abstract: Here, we characterize the cool weather insect fauna found associated with partially skeletonized and desiccated human remains recovered from an abandoned house in an urban area of subtropical, coastal Galveston County, Texas, and use the information to conclude an approximate postmortem interval of 7–10 months. The predominant factors that allow for a confident assessment of the postmortem interval include climatological data, entomological data, and anthropological data. The documented insect fauna represents a unique assemblage present in a particular environment (an urban abandoned house in coastal Texas) at a particular time of year (winter) and includes expected forensically significant insects such as calliphorid flies, muscid flies, and dermestid beetles but also includes less commonly encountered insects such as an unusually dense population of live case‐making clothes moths.
Left cells in affine Weyl groups

We prove a property of left cells in certain crystallographic groups W , by which we formulate an algorithm to find a representative set of left cells of W in any given two-sided cell. As an illustration, we make some applications of this algorithm to the case where W is the affine Weyl group of type e F4. The cells of affine Weyl groups W , as defined by Kazhdan and Lusztig in [6], have been described explicitly in certain special cases: for W of rank 2, see [11]; for W of type An, see [16], [10]; for W of rank 3, see [1], [4]; for the cells with a-values 1, 2 and |Φ|/2 in a general W , see [2], [8], [9], [18], [19], where Φ is the root system determined by W . It is known that there exists a bijection between the set of two-sided cells in an affine Weyl group W and the set of unipotent classes in a certain complex reductive group G associated with W . It is also known that the value of the a-function on a two-sided cell of W is equal to the dimension of the variety of Borel subgroups of G containing an element of the corresponding unipotent class (see [14]). Thus for an affine Weyl group W , the two-sided cells of W are relatively well understood to certain extent. But the classification of left cells in a given two-sided cell of W is not known in general, even the number of these left cells. In the present paper, we shall introduce an algorithm to find a representative set of left cells of W ′ in a given two-sided cell, where W ′ is a group belonging to certain family of crystallographic
Addressing health literacy: the experiences of undergraduate nursing students.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To describe undergraduate nursing students' experiences of learning and providing patient education. BACKGROUND To teach nursing students principles and practices of patient education, nurse educators design instructional strategies using educational and clinical practice guidelines, research and theories. This means teachers' approaches to teaching patient education are derived from evidence and support the evidence-based teaching movement. Despite their efforts, research shows that students lack knowledge and skills needed for proficiency in providing patient education. However, this research does not explicate students' experiences of learning and providing patient education, which can inform teachers of ways to structure approaches to teaching students this nursing practice. DESIGN The philosophical background for this study was interpretive phenomenology. METHODS Eight undergraduate nursing students in their final semester of a baccalaureate nursing programme were interviewed using face-to-face, unstructured interviews. Data were collected using unstructured interviews and analysed using hermeneutics. RESULTS Common meanings from the analysis of data shows that a primary practice of students' learning and providing patient education is addressing health literacy. Three sub-themes: (1) respecting languages: learning persistence (2) helping patients understand: learning to teach and (3) promoting engagement: learning sensitivity, exemplify how students are addressing health literacy. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to literature on students' lack of proficiency in providing patient education, the findings of this study reveal extraordinary competencies students already have in addressing health literacy. The results of this study show the paramount need for teachers to design instructional strategies that deepen students' extant knowledge and skills in health literacy prior to graduation from nursing programmes. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Using the findings of this study, teachers will gain novel approaches to teaching patient education that specifically target instructing students in the practices of health literacy. These practices can ameliorate and mitigate problems many students encounter when addressing health literacy.
Indirect Catastrophic Injuries in Olympic Styles of Wrestling in Iran

Background: Data on indirect catastrophic injuries in wrestling are scarce. Objectives: To develop a profile of indirect catastrophic injuries in international styles of wrestling and to describe possible risk factors. Study Design: Retrospective case series; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Indirect catastrophic injuries that occurred in wrestling clubs in Iran from July 1998 to June 2005 were identified by contacting several sources. The cases were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The injuries included 9 indirect catastrophic injuries. The injury rate was 0.62 injuries per 100 000 wrestlers per year. The majority of indirect injuries were cardiovascular events in veteran groups of wrestlers. Conclusions: Indirect catastrophic wrestling injuries are rare and present most commonly in older athletes. Coronary artery disease was the main cause.
Visual evoked responses in hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies

ABSTRACT— The P2 latency of the pattern reversal visual evoked response was measured in 11 patients with heriditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN). The P2 latency was inversely related to the peripheral nerve conduction velocity, but no significant relation was found between the P2 latency and the age of the patients or the duration of their symptoms. When the whole group was considered the mean P2 latency was longer but not significantly different from a control group. When the 11 patients were differentiated into HMSN 1 (5 males) and HMSN II (2 females, 4 males) the P2 latencies of the patients with HMSN I were significantly longer than those with HMSN II. The data support earlier findings that subclinical involvement of the optic nerve may occur in HMSN and suggest that measurement of P2 latency may be of value in the differentiation of HMSN. More than two subtypes, however, may exist.
Extended-release quetiapine as adjunct to an antidepressant in patients with major depressive disorder: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

OBJECTIVE This 6-week, randomized, double-blind study evaluated efficacy and safety of adjunctive extended-release (XR) quetiapine in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and an inadequate response to >or= 1 antidepressant. METHOD Male or female patients aged 18 to 65 years with DSM-IV-TR MDD were randomly assigned to receive quetiapine XR (150 or 300 mg/day) or placebo adjunctive to continuing antidepressant. Primary endpoint was change from randomization to week 6 in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score. Secondary variables included MADRS response (>or= 50% reduction in score from randomization) at weeks 1 and 6, MADRS remission (<or= 8 total score) at week 6, and week 6 change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety total scores. Safety was assessed throughout the study. The study was conducted between May 8, 2006, and April 7, 2007. RESULTS Four hundred ninety-three patients were randomly assigned. Mean change from randomization to week 6 in MADRS score was -15.26 and -14.94 for quetiapine XR 150 mg/day and 300 mg/day, respectively (both p < .01 vs. placebo [-12.21]). Quetiapine XR showed separation from placebo in MADRS score from week 1 (p < .001) onward. The MADRS response rates were 55.4%, 57.8%, and 46.3% for quetiapine XR 150 mg/day (p = .107 vs. placebo), 300 mg/day (p < .05), and placebo, respectively; MADRS remission rates were 36.1% (p < .05 vs. placebo), 31.1% (p = .126), and 23.8% for quetiapine XR 150 mg/day, 300 mg/day, and placebo, respectively. Withdrawal rates due to adverse events were 6.6%, 11.7%, and 3.7% with quetiapine XR 150 mg/day, 300 mg/day, and placebo, respectively. The most common adverse events were dry mouth (20.4%, 35.6%, and 6.8%) and somnolence (16.8%, 23.3%, and 3.1%). CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive quetiapine XR (150 mg/day and 300 mg/day) was effective in patients with MDD who had shown an inadequate response to antidepressant treatment. Significant reduction of depressive symptoms occurred as early as week 1. Findings were consistent with the known safety and tolerability profile of quetiapine. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00351910.
A compact dual-band microstrip-fed monopole antenna

The rapid developments in the wireless communications industry demand novel antenna designs that can be used in more than one frequency band. Applications include: dual-band cellular phones; laptop computers for wireless printer and modem connections; laptops in wireless local area network (LAN) applications; Bluetooth devices. Ali, M. et al., (see 1998 IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., p.794-7, 1998) describe a dual-band strip-sleeve monopole antenna for use on a laptop computer. We extend the antenna design to be used for dual-band ISM applications. In this application there is a particular interest in obtaining an increased operational bandwidth for the antenna. The effects of design parameters of the microstrip-fed uniplanar monopole antenna on its operational frequency and impedance bandwidth are presented and discussed. The antenna resonates at 1800 MHz and 2450 MHz.
Osteopontin deficiency does not prevent but promotes alcoholic neutrophilic hepatitis in mice

Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a distinct spectrum of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) with intense neutrophilic (polymorphonuclear; PMN) inflammation and high mortality. Although a recent study implicates osteopontin (SPP1) in AH, SPP1 is also shown to have protective effects on experimental ALD. To address this unsettled question, we examined the effects of SPP1 deficiency in male mice given 40% calories derived from ad libitum consumption of the Western diet high in cholesterol and saturated fat and the rest from intragastric feeding of alcohol diet without or with weekly alcohol binge. Weekly binge in this new hybrid feeding model shifts chronic ASH with macrophage inflammation and perisinusoidal and pericellular fibrosis to AH in 57% (15 of 26) of mice, accompanied by inductions of chemokines (Spp1, Cxcl1, and interleukin [Il]‐17a), progenitor genes (Cd133, Cd24, Nanog, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule), PMN infiltration, and clinical features of AH, such as hypoalbuminemia, bilirubinemia, and splenomegaly. SPP1 deficiency does not reduce AH incidence and inductions of progenitor and fibrogenic genes, but rather enhances the Il‐17a induction and PMN infiltration in some mice. Furthermore, in the absence of SPP1, chronic ASH mice without weekly binge begin to develop AH. Conclusion: These results suggest that SPP1 has a protective, rather than causal, role for experimental AH reproduced in our model. (Hepatology 2015;61:129–140)
Timetable of effects of testosterone administration to hypogonadal men on variables of sex and mood

Introduction. The effects of testosterone have been extensively characterized, but little attention has been given to the timetable of occurrence of the various effects of testosterone. Methods. The timetables of effects on sexual and psychological variables in 40 hypogonadal men receiving treatment with either parenteral testosterone enanthate (TE) or undecanoate (TU). Results. Sexual thoughts/fantasies and sexual interest/desire/spontaneous morning erections emerged quickly and plateaued after 3 weeks. Total erections rose to a maximum over 9 weeks and then plateaued. Ejaculations per week/satisfaction with sex life rose over the first 3 weeks, increasing steadily to a plateau at 12 weeks. Depression scores decreased to reach a plateau after 6 weeks. Aggressiveness did not change. Scores of concentration improved and reached a plateau after 3 weeks in the group treated with TE and after 9 weeks in the group treated with TU. Good mood improved after 6–9 weeks. Positive effects on self-confidence appeared between 3–6 weeks and on fatigue after 9–12 weeks. Conclusion. Insight into the emergence of effects may be useful information for the patient and for the attending physician in monitoring clinical effects of testosterone treatment of hypogonadal men.
Sesame oil attenuates hepatic lipid peroxidation by inhibiting nitric oxide and superoxide anion generation in septic rats.

BACKGROUND Sepsis is a major cause of mortality in the intensive care unit. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of organ failure during sepsis. Sesame oil decreases circulating oxygen free radicals in septic rats; however, its effect on hepatic oxidative status is unknown. The authors examined the effect of sesame oil on hepatic lipid peroxidation in septic rats. METHODS Hepatic injury was induced using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Rats were divided into 4 groups: sham, rats given a sham operation without CLP; SO, rats given sesame oil alone; CLP, rats given saline and then CLP; and CS, rats given sesame oil and then CLP. All rats were first given a 1-week daily oral supplement of sesame oil or saline (4 mL/kg/d) and then CLP or a sham operation. The authors assessed hepatic oxidative stress by determining hepatic lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and nitric oxide levels 12 hours after CLP. They also assessed xanthine oxidase activity and nitric oxide synthase expression. RESULTS Hepatic lipid peroxidation (P < .0001), hydroxyl radical (P < .05), superoxide anion (P < .05), and nitrite (P < .05) levels were significantly lower in sesame oil-treated septic rats. Furthermore, sesame oil significantly reduced xanthine oxidase activity (P < .01) and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression (P < .005) in septic rats. CONCLUSIONS Sesame oil might attenuate hepatic lipid peroxidation by inhibiting superoxide anion and nitric oxide, at least partially, in experimental septic rats.
Proposal of Mucilaginibacter phyllosphaerae sp. nov. isolated from the phyllosphere of Galium album.

A pink-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, PP-F2F-G21T, was isolated from the phyllosphere of Galium album. Phylogenetic analysis of the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain PP-F2F-G21T showed the closest relationship to type strains of the species Mucilaginibacter lutimaris (97.7 %), Mucilaginibacter soli (97.3 %) and Mucilaginibacter rigui (97.1 %). Sequence similarities to all other type strains were below 97 %. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain PP-F2F-G21T are C16 : 1 ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH (measured as summed feature 3 fatty acids) and iso-C15 : 0 followed by iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1 ω5c and C16 : 0. The major compound in the polyamine pattern was sym-homospermidine and the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The quinone system was exclusively composed of menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipid profile contained the major lipid phosphatidylethanolamine and in addition 18 unidentified lipids. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses, we propose a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter named Mucilaginibacter phyllosphaeraesp. nov. The type strain is PP-F2F-G21T (=CCM 8625T=CIP 110921T=LMG 29118T).
Nitric oxide sensitizes ovarian tumor cells to Fas-induced apoptosis.

Fas-mediated apoptosis represents one major mechanism by which tumor cells can be eliminated by activated cytotoxic immune lymphocytes. Previously, we have reported that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) sensitizes human ovarian carcinoma cell lines to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, IFN-gamma, together with many other proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, LPS, etc.), can stimulate the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the generation of nitric oxide (NO). In this study, we examined whether nitric oxide is a mediator of IFN-gamma-induced sensitization of human ovarian carcinoma cell lines (A2780 and AD10) to Fas-mediated apoptosis and whether NO regulates the expression of the Fas receptor. Treatment of quiescent A2780 and AD10 ovarian carcinoma cells with IFN-gamma alone induced the expression of iNOS mRNA as examined by RT-PCR. There was accumulation of nitrite in the culture medium of IFN-gamma-treated cells, suggesting the generation of NOx. Like IFN-gamma, the use of exogenous sources of NO (S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)) mimicked the sensitization of both cell lines to anti-Fas cytotoxic antibody (CH11) by IFN-gamma. Endogenously produced NO, by IFN-gamma pretreatment or exogenous nitrodonors, resulted in the upregulation of Fas receptor mRNA and protein expression. Blocking iNOS activity by NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMA) significantly reduced the sensitization, Fas mRNA, and protein expression observed with IFN-gamma pretreatment of the tumor cells. These findings demonstrate that sensitization of human ovarian carcinoma cell lines to Fas-mediated apoptosis by IFN-gamma can be due, in part, to the induction of iNOS and the subsequent upregulation of Fas gene expression by reactive nitrogen intermediates. Thus, the sensitivity of tumor cells to Fas-L-mediated cytotoxic immune lymphocytes can be regulated by the induction of NO or intermediates.