Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The characterization of Danish isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis by phage typing and plasmid profiling: 1980–1990

Plasmid profiling, phage typing and antimicrobial resistance typing have been carried out on 736 isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis collected in Denmark during the period 1980 to 1990. Strains originated from cases of human salmonellosis, broiler poultry flocks, layer poultry flocks, quarantined imported poultry, environmental samples from hatchery units, and from bovines. Phage type (PT) 1 was found to be the most common type among isolates of poultry origin (57.6%) followed by PT4 (28.8%). Isolates belonging to PT8 were found exclusively in imported birds. Phage typing of a representative sample of human isolates revealed the predominance, as in most other Western European countries, of PT4 (61.8%). PTI, however, was found in 17.0% of human strains, a much higher incidence than expected. Antibiotic resistance was observed in 4 out of 107 human isolates (3.7%) and 2 out of 205 non‐human isolates (1%) tested.
Medication use in nursing homes for elderly people

Residents of nursing and residential homes are often prescribed medication for physical and mental ill‐health with resultant polypharmacy and the possibility of iatrogenic disorders. Sometimes drugs are prescribed inappropriately and a number of studies have highlighted the overuse of psychotropic drugs. Legislation in the USA has been effective in controlling their use in that neuroleptic prescriptions for the treatment of behavioural disturbances have been significantly reduced and non‐pharmacological strategies aimed at ameliorating behavioural disturbance have been proposed. Studies suggest that pharmacists have a role to play in the appropriate management of medicines in elderly residents; they can improve patient care and be cost‐effective. Identification of methods by which to improve awareness of inappropriate medication prescription and to avoid certain types of drugs is required. This review critically evaluates medication use in this population with specific reference to psychotropics and aims to raise awareness of the issue. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical outcome of narrow diameter implants: a retrospective study of 510 implants.

BACKGROUND Narrow diameter implants ([NDIs]; diameter <3.75 mm) are a potential solution for specific clinical situations such as reduced interradicular bone, thin alveolar crest, and replacement of teeth with small cervical diameter. NDIs have been available in clinical practice since the 1990s, but only a few studies have analyzed their clinical outcome. METHODS From November 1996 to February 2004, 237 patients were selected, and 510 NDIs were inserted. Implant diameter ranged from 3.0 to 3.5 mm, multiple implant systems were used, and 255 implants were restored immediately without loading (IRWL). No statistical differences were detected among the studied variables. Consequently, marginal bone loss (MBL) was considered an indicator of the success rate (SCR) to evaluate the effect of several host-, surgery-, and implant-related factors. A general linear model (GLM) was used to detect those variables statistically associated with MBL. RESULTS Only three of 510 implants were lost (survival rate [SRR] = 99.4%), and no differences were detected among the studied variables. On the contrary, the GLM showed that delayed loading and longer (>13 mm) and larger (3.4 and 3.5 mm) NDIs reduced MBL. CONCLUSIONS NDIs have a high SRR and SCR, similar to those reported in previous studies of regular diameter implants. Moreover, IRWL of NDIs is a reliable procedure, although a slightly higher bone resorption is reported compared to delayed loading. No implant fractures were detected in the present series.
New properties of rabbit retinal ganglion cells.

1. Receptive fields of centre surround cells in the rabbit retina were investigated. There is a clear distinction between cells with sluggish responses, low spontaneous activity and slow conduction velocity (centre surround sluggish cells) and cells with brisk responses, higher spontaneous activity and faster conduction velocity (X and Y cells). The sluggish cells can be divided into sustained and transient types. X and Y cells can be distinguished from each other by their responses to a moving linear grating, a large rapidly moving object and whether or not there is a response to the alternation of certain stimuli. Some times the response to a rotating radial grating, the rate of spontaneous activity, and whether or not the response to spots and annuli was sustained or transient could also be used to distinguish these two types. The antidromic latency from electrical stimulation of the optic chiasm and the periphery effect did not distinguish X from Y. 2. Eleven colour coded units were investigated. They all gave on responses to blue light in the centre of their receptive field and off responses to green light in the periphery of their receptive field. The blue pigment had a spectral sensitivity peaking at about 465 nm. The other pigment peaked near 500 nm, like the rods but gave a response at high mesopic and probably photopic levels. In some cases there was evidence for excitatory input from the green receptors to the centre of the receptive field. All the colour coded cells had rapidly conducting axons and were on centre X cells by all criteria. 3. Eighty‐five cells various types other than colour coded were tested for their thresholds at 420 nm and 590 nm. In all cases the results were explained by a pigment peaking close to 500 nm, even at high mesopic and low photopic levels, which suggests the existence of cones with a cyan pigment in them. 4. Conduction latency from stimulation at the optic chiasm was measured for cells with centre surround receptive fields and cells with more complex receptive fields. Both 'on‐off' and 'on' directionally sensitive cells have short conduction latencies, overlapping X and Y cells. Orientation selective cells and local edge detectors have long conduction latencies, overlapping centre surround sluggish cells. The sample of uniformity detectors was too small to characterize.
Rattus rattus: the introduction of the black rat into Britain

The subject of this article, ‘Rattus rattus’ (Linnaeus, 1758), or the black rat, has, in Mr Rackham's estimation, considerable archaeological importance, especially in view of recent discussions on plague and the end of Roman Britain, and subsequent plagues of the Anglo-Saxon period. We learn that some recent finds suggest a Roman date for the introduction of the black rat into Britain. Mr Rackham is a Senior Research Assistant in the Biological Laboratory, Department of Archaeology, University of Durham, with a research interest in late Pleistocene vertebrate fauna. Current work in the Department involves the environmental analysis, particularly zoological, of archaeological sites of all periods in the northern five counties of England.
Ensemble Correlation Coefficient

Elements in a sample date are demonstrated based on their characteristics and in turn the characteristics are represented by variables. Identifying the relationship between these variables is crucial for prediction, hypothesis testing, and decision making. The relation between two variables is often quantified using a correlation factor. Once correlation is known it can be used to make predictions. It means when two variables are highly correlated, and if we have observed one variable, we can make a prediction about the other variable. A more accurate prediction will be made where there is strong relationship between variables. Among several correlation factors, Pearson correlation Coefficient has been commonly used. Distance correlation and maximal information coefficient have been introduced recently to address the shortcomings of Pearson correlation coefficient. In this paper, we compare these factors through a set of simulations and combine them to introduce a more robust factor that can be generally used.
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Statistically Optimal Unit Cells of Multimodal Particulate Composites

In the current digital age, it is befitting that complex heterogeneous materials, such as solid propellants, are characterized by digital computational and/or experimental techniques. Of those, micro computer tomography (micro-CT) and advanced packing algorithms are the most popular for identifying the statistics of multimodal, random, particulate composites. In this work, we develop a procedure for the characterization and reconstruction of periodic unit cells of highly filled, multimodal, particulate composites from a packing algorithm. Rocpack, a particle packing software, is used to generate the solid propellant microstructures and one-, twoand three-point probability functions are used to describe their statistical morphology. However, both the experimentally scanned or computationally designed packs are usually non optimal in size and likely too big to be fully numerically resolved when complex nonlinear processes such as combustion, decohesion, matrix tearing, etc. are modeled. Thus, domain Accepted for publication in the International Journal for Multiscale Computational Engineering. Corresponding author: kmatous@nd.edu (K. Matous)
Bending effects on a textile microstrip antenna

This paper describes the design of a textile microstrip antenna for 2.4 GHz. Two different fabrics are used: one for the dielectric part and another one for the conductor part. The dielectric constant of the dielectric fabric is determined experimentally. The input matching is studied by electromagnetic simulation and experimentally. Since the antenna is meant to be incorporated in the user's clothe, the effect that the antenna bending has on the matching level is also investigated both theoretically and experimentally.
Shoulder pain after a stroke

The occurrence of shoulder pain after stroke is quite common in hemiplegia with an estimated incidence between 16% and 84%. This so-called Post Stroke Shoulder Pain, or PSSP can impede rehabilitation and interfere with both function and quality of life. It may not only interfere with shoulder function, but also with balance, walking, transfers and performance of self-care activities. PSSP is a general term that is used in relation to the occurrence of shoulder pain after stroke and it could be caused by known afflictions such as adhesive capsulitis, impingement due to rotator cuff tears and subluxation of the glenohumeral joint. What exactly causes PSSP is as yet unclear. Most likely, PSSP is caused by damage to the structures around the glenohumeral joint due to a muscular imbalance (rotator cuff tears, spasticity, and paralysis), a disturbance in positioning of the GH joint (impingement, or upward migration of the humeral head, or inferior subluxation) or damages due to a disturbed sensibility, possibly related to unilateral neglect. Damage to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus has also been cited as a possible cause of pain and subluxation in the hemiplegic shoulder. Downward subluxation may produce traction on the axillary nerve as it winds round the surgical neck of the humeral shaft. Also entrapment of the suprascapular nerve could cause shoulder pain, but some reports contradict this finding. Some authors have described shoulder pain after stroke as a special form of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD), possibly caused by subluxation of the glenohumeral joint but also other precipitating factors, including immobilization of the upper extremity, trauma to the joint structures, rotator cuff tears and spasticity of the shoulder musculature have been mentioned as a possible cause. This thesis was an attempt to get a better grip on the causes of PSSP by focusing on the relationship between stroke and shoulder kinematics and shoulder musculoskeletal proprioception. Starting from the assumption that stroke will lead to a disturbed motion pattern in the upper extremity, it was attempted to quantify the magnitude of this disturbance relate it to the existence (and on the longer term the development) of PSSP. Additionally, the disturbed motion pattern will probably lead to length changes of the shoulder muscles. Therefore muscles lengths during rest and shoulder movements are quantified and related to known muscle-related causes of shoulder pain. Disturbances in shoulder kinematics are only one (assumed) aspect, or better, effect, of …
CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES TO A HIGH‐VOLUME CONTINUOUS CIRCUIT RESISTANCE TRAINING PROTOCOL

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the level of cardiovascular stress elicited by continuous and prolonged circuit resistance training (CRT). Each of the 11 men who volunteered as a subject were tested to determine oxygen consumption and heart rate responses to a submaximal and maximal treadmill protocol and a CRT session consisting of 10 exercises and 10 repetitions at 40% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) for each station with 4.6 circuits performed. The physiological stress of the CRT in this study was evident by the sustained heart rate of more than 70% of maximum for 16.6 minutes, with the last 12 minutes at more than 80%. Despite the large anaerobic component in CRT, VO2 was sustained at 50% or more of maximum for the final 12 minutes. Treadmill running, involving large muscle groups, increased VO2 more rapidly than CRT, where alternating larger and smaller muscle groups were used. In addition, at the same VO2 heart rate differed significantly between the 2 modes of activity. Heart rate in CRT was higher (at 165) than the heart rate of 150 found during treadmill running at the same 50% VO2. Such workouts may be used in a training cycle in classical linear periodization or in a nonlinear program day targeting local muscular endurance under intense cardiorespiratory conditions, which may help individuals develop enhanced toleration of physiological environments where high cardiovascular demands and higher lactate concentrations are present.
The influence of inpatient comprehensive geriatric care on elderly patients with hip fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of in-patient comprehensive geriatric care for elderly patients with hip fracture. METHODS Relevant literatures were searched using the following databases including PubMed, OVID, Web of science, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails until August 1, 2015. Eligible studies were restricted to randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The available data was extracted by two independent authors and pooled through using Review manager version 5.2. For data deemed not appropriate for synthesis, a narrative overview was conducted. RESULTS 15 trials evaluating 3458 participants were identified in our meta-analysis. Our findings indicated patients who underwent comprehensive geriatric cares showed no significant greater improvement than control in in-patient mortality (Odds risk (OR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51 to 1.05, P=0.09), 3-(OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.81, P=0.90), 6-(OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.45, P=0.86) and 12-months mortality (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.12, P=0.30). The proportion of patients who were discharged from hospital to the same place of residence as before the fracture was higher in intervention group than control (OR 1.67, 95% CI 0.80 to 3.37, P=0.0003). In addition, the pooled results showed that the number of patients in intervention group who had regained the same level of activities of daily living (ADL) (43.9% vs 30.2%, 46.0% vs 29.1%) and walking ability (71.3% vs 53.2%, 68.9% vs 56.3%) as before the fracture was higher than control at 3 and 12 months after discharge, respectively. CONCLUSION Comprehensive geriatric care promoted the functional improvement for elderly patients with hip fracture. Meanwhile, the proportion of patients who were discharged from hospital to the same place as before fracture in intervention group was higher as compared to control. However, our finding showed no significant difference on in-patients mortality, follow-up mortality and length of stay between both groups.
A randomized, investigator-blinded trial to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of a benzoyl peroxide 5%/ clindamycin phosphate 1% gel compared with a clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/tretinoin 0.025% gel in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris.

BACKGROUND Combination products in which the individual components have different mechanisms of antimicrobial action have been shown in many disease states to provide the most effective therapy. METHODS This 16-week, two-center, investigator-blinded, randomized, parallel-group study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of clindamycin phosphate 1%/benzoyl peroxide 5% gel (BPO/C) as compared to a clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/tretinoin 0.025% gel (T/C) over 16 weeks in the treatment of moderate to moderately severe acne. RESULTS While subjects in both arms experienced reductions in total Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) counts, the BPO/C arm produced greater reductions throughout the study. Furthermore, overall reductions in the number of clindamycin-resistant and erythromycin-resistant P. acnes occurred only in BPO/C treated subjects. CONCLUSION These data suggest that clindamycin phosphate 1%/benzoyl peroxide 5% gel reduces P. acnes counts and mitigates the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
Efficacy of the interleukin‐2 receptor antagonist basiliximab in steroid‐refractory acute graft‐versus‐host disease

Acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) occurs in up to 80% of patients who undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) and contributes significantly to transplant‐related mortality (TRM). We conducted a prospective phase II trial to assess the efficacy and feasibility of treating steroid‐refractory aGVHD with basiliximab, a chimaeric monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha chain of the interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) receptor. Basiliximab was administered intravenously at a dose of 20 mg on days 1 and 4. Twenty‐three patients were enrolled between October 1999 and July 2004. We found a primary overall response rate of 82·5% with four patients (17·5%) showing a complete response and 15 patients (65%) a partial response. Six patients were again treated successfully with an IL‐2 receptor antagonist because of recurrence of aGVHD. The rates of infections, chronic GVHD, malignancy recurrence and 1‐year TRM following immunosuppression with basiliximab were comparable with those found with other treatment modalities for aGVHD. We conclude that basiliximab is efficient and feasible for steroid‐refractory aGVHD and merits further evaluation.
Epoxy Degradation Induced Au-Al Intermetallic Void Formation in Plastic Encapsulated MOS Memories

Previous high temperature aging studies have shown that the presence of epoxy in integrated circuit packages degrades the strength and contact resistance of Au-Al bonds [1-3]. Cl impurities in the resin or Br from the flame retardant or both are associated with this phenomenon. High temperature aging experiments were performed with Au wire bonded, Al metallized 4K NMOS Static RAMs and epoxy molding compounds in two types of DIPs. The initial study focussed on the effect of the flame retardant by using the epoxy with and without flame retardant in the cavities of epoxy sealed ceramic DIPs. The apparent activation energy for the degradation was determined by aging devices molded in DIPs using the standard flame-retardant formulation at three temperatures. The Cl and Br content of the epoxies was measured by neutron activation analysis and water extraction. Electron and ion microprobe analysis showed that Cl and Br are present in the bond zone with the Au-Al intermetallics. The median life at 180°C was only a factor of three higher without the flame retardant, even though the Br content was 600 times lower, suggesting that the Cl plays a major role. The apparent activation energy for the bond degradation in the flame-retardant molding compound is ~0.8 eV, within experimental error of that for pure Au-Al intermetallic formation [4] and that for the breakdown of the brominated flame retardant determined by water extraction. The water extraction results also indicate that the chlorinated impurities are less thermally stable than the brominated flame retardant.
Health insurance status and physician-induced demand for medical services in Germany: new evidence from combined district and individual level data

Germany is one of the few OECD countries with a two-tier system of statutory and primary private health insurance. Both types of insurance provide fee-for-service insurance, but chargeable fees for identical services are more than twice as large for privately insured patients than for statutorily insured patients. This price variation creates incentives to induce demand primarily among the privately insured. Using German SOEP 2002 data, I analyze the effects of insurance status and district (Kreis-) level physician density on the individual number of doctor visits. The paper has four main findings. First, I find no evidence that physician density is endogenous. Second, conditional on health, privately insured patients are less likely to contact a physician but more frequently visit a doctor following a first contact. Third, physician density has a significant positive effect on the decision to contact a physician and on the frequency of doctor visits of patients insured in the statutory health care system, whereas, fourth, physician density has no effect on privately insured patients' decisions to contact a physician but an even stronger positive effect on the frequency of doctor visits than the statutorily insured. These findings give indirect evidence for the hypothesis that physicians induce demand among privately insured patients but not among statutorily insured.
Measurement of electromagnetic radiation from GSM base stations

Electromagnetic radiations from GSM (global service for mobile communication) base stations were measured in the far-field region by using directional antennas (biconical-log/hybrid, horn antenna) and isotropic electric field probes and detected signals were analyzed by using low-resolution bandwidth (30 Hz) spectrum analyzer and field probe meter respectively. Electric fields of the electromagnetic radiations were measured in x, y and z orthogonal directions with vertical and horizontal polarizations. Amplitude fluctuation of electromagnetic radiation of GSM base station were detected at long time interval (more than 8 hours) and analyzed using standard deviation and Allan variance statistics. The results and uncertainties of the electric field measurements by biconical-log/hybrid antenna, horn antenna and electric field probe were compared. The measured electric field values of GSM base stations were compared to the value of reference levels for general public exposure to time-varying electric fields limits of ICNRP guidelines.