Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Wavelength‐Dependent Complex Refractive Index of Hygroscopic Aerosol Particles and Other Aqueous Media: An Effective Oscillator Model

We present an effective oscillator model for the wavelength‐dependent complex refractive index of weakly absorbing aqueous solutions. The model is derived using the causal connection between the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index that is described through the Kramers‐Kronig relation. Using cavity‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, we measure both the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index of several aqueous solutions whose optical properties are relevant to seawater, aqueous sea‐salt particles, and aqueous organic aerosol. It is demonstrated that the effective oscillator model accurately describes both the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index of aqueous solutions across a wide range of water activities and optical wavelengths. Finally, through a comparison with measurements, we verify that mixing rule calculations utilizing oscillator parameters from solutions containing a single solute and water can be used to predict the optical properties of aqueous solutions containing multiple solutes.
Phosphorus Removal with Coagulation Processes in Five Low Buffered Lakes—A Case Study of Mesocosm Research

This research deals with the impact of aluminum coagulants, used as a tool for the rehabilitation of water bodies, on changes in the phosphorus content in lakes with low alkalinity of water. Mesocosm scale experimental investigations in situ using polyaluminium chloride were carried out, based on five lakes with different levels of water buffering capacity (<1.0–2.5 meq L−1). The research was accomplished using three coagulant doses (half a dose, a whole dose, and a double dose calculated for phosphorus inactivation in a lake ecosystem). The results were compared with the ones from the control mesocosms. The study was carried out in two consecutive years. It was shown that the effectiveness of phosphorus removal from a water column was related to the dose of the coagulant, pH value, and the content of organic compounds. The lowest treatment effectiveness was found for lakes, with the most severe symptoms for dystrophy, which were abundant with humic compounds. As the water alkalinity increased, so did the ability of the coagulant to adsorb phosphorus, while the ecosystem’s load of aluminum in toxic forms decreased. Doubling the standard dose did not result in a noticeable improvement in the water quality. The results allow us to evaluate the chances of successful lake restoration by applying aluminum coagulants to natural water bodies which are susceptible to acidification.
Maternal-child nursing

Part 1: Maternity Nursing * Human Genetics, Conception, and Fetal Development * Anatomic, Physiologic, and Psychologic Adaptations to Pregnancy * Nursing Process Application and Fetal Health Assessment in Antepartal Care * High Risk Pregnancy * Nursing Process Applications and the Process of Labor and Birth * Assessment of Fetal Responses to Labor and Birth * Complications of Childbirth * The Process of Postpartum Psychosocial Adaptation and Physical Recovery with Nursing Applications * Complications in Postpartum Recovery * Nursing Process Applications in the Physiologic Adaptation of the Neonate to Extrauterine Life * Ineffective Adaptation of the Neonate to Extrauterine Life * Part 2: Pediatric Nursing * Nursing Care of Children with Neurologic Disorders * Nursing Care of Children with Cardiovascular Disorders * Nursing Care of Children with Hematologic and Immunologic Disorders * Nursing Care of Children with Respiratory Disorders * Nursing Care of Children with Gastrointestinal Disorders * Nursing Care of Children with Genitourinary and Renal Disorders * Nursing Care of Children with Musculoskeletal Disorders * Nursing Care of Children with Endocrine Disorders * Essential Odds and Ends: Nursing Care of Children with Special Needs * Appendix A: Growth and Development * Glossary * Bibliography
Present Absentees: The Arab School Curriculum in Israel as a Tool for De-educating Indigenous Palestinians

The Arab and Jewish school systems in Israel have separate curricula and both are determined by the Ministry of Education. This article argues that the Arab curriculum is designed to 'de-educate', or dispossess, indigenous Palestinians pupils of the knowledge of their own people and history. It gives them only carefully screened and censored exposure to their history, culture and identity; and suppresses any aspects that challenge or contradict the Zionist narrative and mission. Furthermore, the attempts of Palestinian educators to create a more balanced or inclusive curriculum have been largely excluded by the formal, state-approved curriculum. Yet, the Palestinian community must play a crucial role in remembering, discussing and retelling its own history.
Human papillomavirus : bench to bedside

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection transcends multiple fields of science and medicine. The management of HPV-related disease is demanding and often requires a persistent multimodal approach involving various medical disciplines. In this volume, experts present a comprehensive view of HPV research with an emphasis on clinical presentations, diagnosis, management and vaccine development. The state of the art in molecular biology is provided in addition to discussions on clinical morphology and the utility of dermatoscopy in identifying HPV disease. In a multidisciplinary approach to dermatological, plastic and reconstructive, gynecological, otolaryngological and colorectal management, different treatment strategies are highlighted. Finally, Dr. Neil Christensen discusses viral immunology, and the difficulties and successes in the development of an HPV vaccine. Bringing together basic science and clinical information on HPV, this book is an excellent resource and reference for all researchers and clinicians who encounter human papillomavirus-related disease.
Effects of abiotic parameters main of soil on the distribution of earthworms in a tropical moist savanna (Lamto, Central Côte d’Ivoire)

The distribution of earthworms fluctuates in relation to vegetation type and environmental factors. This study evaluates the effects of litter input, organic matter, soil moisture and pH on the structure and relative abundance of earthworms collected from different vegetation of Lamto reserve. Grassy savanna, woody savanna and Forest were sampling. Each vegetation type has been divided into 3 plots. These plots were geo-referenced using a GPS and mapped using QGIS software. For each plot, 25 points were randomly selected using their GPS coordinates. The litters were collected manually. In TSBF (Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility) monoliths of the earthworms have been collected by handsorting. Soil clumps were also collected to determine the organic matter contain, soil moisture and pH. The woody savanna contained the greatest number of earthworm species followed by the grassy savanna and the forest that had the same number of species. Whereas, forest has the highest density of earthworms, followed by grassy and woody savannas. The moisture of soil influences the distribution of earthworm in forest. In grassy savanna the distribution of earthworm depends on soil moisture and organic matter. In woody savanna, the distribution of earthworm depends on soil moisture, pH and biomass of litter. © 2019 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved Keywords: Earthworms, distribution, soil abiotic parameters, vegetation type, Lamto
Flypaper Effect Pada Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dan Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) Terhadap Belanja Daerah (Studi Pada Pemerintahan Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Timur, Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Barat Periode 2011-2013)

This study aims to determine the effect of local revenue (PAD) and the General Allocation Fund (DAU) to the Expenditures of Regional as well as the possibility of flypaper effect on the country/city in East Java, Central Java and West Java the period 2011-2013. The method used in thus research is quantitative method. The population used is the district/city in East Java, Central and West Java. Sampling using purposive sampling and sample in this research is 100 district/cities with details of East Java Province 38 District/city, West Java 35 district/city and West Java 27 district/city.The data used in this research is secondary data which the data obtained from reports of Regional Budget obtained via the website Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia Directorate General of Regional Financial Balance. The analysis in this research is using descriptive analysis, classical assumption test and multiple linear regression. Result from this research that indicates that the local revenue (PAD) affects regional expenditure as well as with the General Allocation Fund (DAU) also affects regional expenditure and occurred flypaper effect on the country/city in East Java,Central Java and West Java periods 2011-2013.
Bringing Lunar LiDAR Back Down to Earth: Mapping Our Industrial Heritage through Deep Transfer Learning

This article presents a novel deep learning method for semi-automated detection of historic mining pits using aerial LiDAR data. The recent emergence of national scale remotely sensed datasets has created the potential to greatly increase the rate of analysis and recording of cultural heritage sites. However, the time and resources required to process these datasets in traditional desktop surveys presents a near insurmountable challenge. The use of artificial intelligence to carry out preliminary processing of vast areas could enable experts to prioritize their prospection focus; however, success so far has been hindered by the lack of large training datasets in this field. This study develops an innovative transfer learning approach, utilizing a deep convolutional neural network initially trained on Lunar LiDAR datasets and reapplied here in an archaeological context. Recall rates of 80% and 83% were obtained on the 0.5 m and 0.25 m resolution datasets respectively, with false positive rates maintained below 20%. These results are state of the art and demonstrate that this model is an efficient, effective tool for semi-automated object detection for this type of archaeological objects. Further tests indicated strong potential for detection of other types of archaeological objects when trained accordingly.
Curie Depth, Heat Flux, and Thermal Subsidence Reveal the Pacific Mantle Outflow Through the Scotia Sea

The sinking of the ocean sea bottom is produced by thermal cooling of the lithosphere. This evolution is determined by the underlying asthenospheric mantle. Estimation of the Curie Depth variations in the Scotia Sea by using a spectral approach and applied on magnetic anomaly data led us to determine a thermal model and derive a heat flux map. Using multichannel seismic and bathymetry data, we show that the West Scotia Sea reaches thermal equilibrium more quickly than other oceans do and thermally behaves like old oceanic crust in large oceans, following a different empirical age (t, in Ma)‐depth (d, in m) relationship, d(t) = 4,480 − 19,380 exp(−t/4). For oceanic crusts of the same age, underlain by different shallow mantle controlling the heat supply, low heat flux values imply older ages than those predicted for large oceans based on the empirical relationships of the standard plate model. These circumstances, together with the new heat flux map, shed light on the anomalous evolution of the Scotia Sea, a consequence of the present Pacific mantle outflow through the Drake Passage. Two branches of elevated heat flux surround the Shackleton Fracture Zone and extend to the northern and southern boundaries of the Scotia Plate. Most of the heat sources are located in the flanks, whereas the colder parts are centrally located. This signature supports the Drake Passage's role as a main mantle gateway for Pacific outflow toward the Atlantic reservoir favoring the oceanic spreading activity of this ocean.
MEDICATION ERRORS AMONG NURSES IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITES (ICU)

Background and purpose: Medication errors today are discussed as one of the main concerns of the health care systems and are used as an indicator for determining the level of patients safety in hospitals. This study was conducted with the purpose of evaluating medical errors among intensive care nurses. Materials and methods: In this descriptive study the research population composed of nurses working in intensive care units of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, 2011. 64 nurses were randomly selected and asked to answer to a researcher made questionnaire. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: 73.43%, 42.55% and 57.45% of nurses reported the occurrence, verge of occurrence and not occurrence of medical errors, respectively. The most common type of medication errors were infusion rate and doses of drugs due the drug’s abbreviated names and existence of similarities among drug's names. The most important causes of medication errors were lack of pharmacological information. Conclusion: Since the risk of medication errors among nurses is high, therefore, retaining courses on pharmacological information, modification of educational curriculum, encouraging nurses to report medical errors and also encouraging hospital managers to give positive response to errors are suggested.
Komposisi dan Kemelimpahan Fitoplankton di Telaga Menjer, Wonosobo.

Phytoplankton are the dominant primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, Phytoplankton are sensitive to environment as changes. Therefore, the phytoplankton is often used for bioindicators of water quality. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the abundance, diversity, evenness, and dominance of phytoplankton in Menjer Lake and examine the condition of the water quality and its effects on phytoplankton abundance. Research on the composition and abundance of phytoplankton in Menjer Lake was conducted in May 2015. Phytoplankton samples were taken using a plankton net size 25 µk and identification of phytoplankton using SRC and the microscope. The composition of phytoplankton in Menjer Lake consist of 40 species from six divisions in the following order: Bacillariophyte (17 species), Chlorophyte (15 species), Cyanophyte (3 species), Chrysophyte (1 species), Chryptophyte (1 species ) and Dinoflagellate (3 species). Phytoplankton abundance was highest at the net culture (11.884 ind/ l), then the abundance of phytoplankton low at the outlet station (8.476 ind/ l). The result of analysis on Phytoplankton diversity of stasions at Menjer lake the value 2,27-2,62 that means of high diversity. Uniformity index (e) at Menjer lake the value 0,84-0,92, that means the condition of phytoplankton community include into stable. Dominance index (D) was highest at the outlet station phytoplankton species to dominate Aulacoseira granulata was indicated of its water is eutrophic. Keywords: Menjer Lake, bioindicators, phytoplankton
Distribution of axial length and related factors in an adult population of Mexico City

Background: To analyze the axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and vitreous chamber depth in an adult population from Mexico City and the surrounding area with a diagnosis of cataract. Methods: Retrospective and descriptive study. We reviewed the medical files of subjects undergoing an ultrasound examination as part of the pre-surgical routine evaluation during a period of 6 months (June 1, 2013-December 31, 2013). Biometric parameters were available for 865 eyes after applying the exclusion criteria. All measurements were made using the Ocuscan RxP ultrasonic biometer (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, Texas, USA). Results: The study included 430 eyes. Mean axial length was 23.44 ± 1.71 mm (median: 23.15, range: 20.48-35.05 mm, 23.27-23.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]). Mean anterior chamber depth was 3.12 ± 0.46 mm (median: Correspondencia: *M.a Soledad Barlatey
A Multi-Component School-Based Intervention Aimed at Increasing Vegetable Preference and Intake among Elementary-Aged Children

Children continually fall below the recommended levels for vegetable intake in the United States. Research consistently shows children who consume the recommended amounts of vegetables are healthier, and are less prone to chronic diet-related diseases. Schools provide a convenient venue for studying factors that affect the dietary behaviors of children. Nutrition education programs in schools should aim to improve the quality of foods children choose to eat. The United States Department of Agriculture and others have launched nation-wide efforts to educate children about the benefits of consuming nutrient-dense foods, such as vegetables, fruits, whole grain. These programs aim to teach children why it is important to consume foods which are nutrient dense, and provide resources and tools needed for children to choose healthier foods. The lack of positive results in children‘s food preferences and their overall health demonstrates the need for more effective strategies. Multi-component studies that include nutrition education as well as other methods targeting children‘s behaviors regarding food selection are more effective. We propose a multi-component study that aims to increase vegetable intake among school-aged children and includes nutrition education as well as repeated exposure to target vegetables. Assessment measures included surveys and observations of vegetable intake. This project was carried out at Canyon Elementary School and was
Prevalence of Depression Among Medical Students of a Private Medical College in India

Background: Medical education can contribute to the development of depression in medical students which may have possible negative academic and professional consequences. The aims of this study were to explore the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their relationships to socio-demographic variables among a cross section of medical students of a private medical college in India. Methods: A cross-sectional anonymous questionnaire-based survey was conducted including all students from first to fourth year of a medical college in India. Beck depression inventory was used to assess the level of depression with a score of 12 or higher considered depressive. Additional questions regarding demographic variables were also included in the survey. Data analysis was done on Epi info version 6. Results: A total of 336 students participated giving a response rate of 88%. A total of 49.1% students reported depressive symptoms. It was significantly higher in 1st year (59.3%) and 2nd year (65.6%), as compared to 3rd (34.4%) and 4th year (37.2%) students [p<0. 05]. Substance abuse(p<0.0001), first and second year of study, female sex and language of instruction other than English at 10+2 level were associated factors for the development of depressive symptoms [p<0.05]. A significant negative association was also found between regular exercise and depression (p<0.05). Conclusion: Depression may be a significant hidden problem in Indian medical students and mechanisms to identify and help students with mental health problems should be seriously considered.
Tracing Geophysical Indicators of Fluid‐Induced Serpentinization in the Pampean Flat Slab of Central Chile

An apparent gap in the Andean volcanic arc in the Pampean section of the subduction zone in Chile (~28°–33°S) marks a section of flat slab subduction. In this tectonic environment, the fate of fluids released from the subducting Nazca slab remains uncertain and the degree of their interaction with the basal layer of the continental lithosphere is poorly understood. Results of a RF investigation and forward modeling effort at three long‐running stations of the Chilean National Seismic Network allow us to constrain the position of the subducting Nazca slab and to address the physical properties of the interplate contact zone in Central Chile. Our observations suggest a transition in seismic character, from a weakly anisotropic contact in the normally subducting section north of the flat slab region to a strongly anisotropic plate contact within the flat slab region. We attribute this change to a transition from sheared olivine to serpentinized peridotite generated as a result of fluid release across the flat slab. This interpretation is supported by forward modeling synthetic RFs at each of the stations. We propose that the identified layer extends across the flat slab region, acting as a mineral reservoir that captures and, possibly, transports fluids from the dehydrating Nazca Plate as it subducts below South America. We note that the Ps converted phase at the slab interface at southernmost station GO04 suffers a 2‐s discontinuity at 180° back azimuth, consistent with a 15–20‐km scarp or kink in the Nazca slab to the south of the station.
Assessment of sediment transport rate and non-silting velocity in irrigation canal.

Siltation is a significant factor, affecting the efficient operation and maintenance of the irrigation canals which influence the hydraulic behavior of the canals and economic benefits of irrigation. In last 25 years a tendency of silting up at the irrigation canals in Bulgaria is observed due to the following reasons: decreased area under irrigation, fluctuation in supply, non-regime section, ”berming” of the canal, economic, crime and safety situation. The large number of bed load and permissible velocity formulas available and the significant differences between obtained results enforce selection of appropriate sediment transport formulas in each particular case. Discharge and velocity approach are used in this study for estimation of sediment transport and deposition rates at Babreka Canal, Malka Vitska Irrigation Project in Bulgaria. In this study seven equations for prediction total bed load transport rates and five equations for minimum permissible velocity are compared. Two formulas for total bed load and two formulas for minimum permissible velocity are selected as appropriate for study canal.
Flood Prediction in Ungauged Basins by Physical-Based TOPKAPI Model

Scarce historical flood data in ungauged basins make it difficult to establish empirical and conceptual model forecast in these areas. The physical-based distributed model TOPKAPI is introduced for flood prediction in an ungauged basin by parameter transplant. Five main parameters are selected, and the sensitivity is analyzed by the GLUE method. The Xixian basin and Huangchuan basin in the upper Huaihe basin in China are chosen as study areas. The Xixian basin is regarded as a gauged basin for parameter calibration, and the Huangchuan basin is regarded as an ungauged basin by ignoring the historical discharge data. The model is calibrated in gauged Xixian basin, and then parameters are directly transplanted to adjacent “ungauged” Huangchuan basin to simulate flood forecast in an ungauged basin. The sensitivity analysis shows that soil thickness and soil saturated water content are the most sensitive parameters, and the Manning coefficient of main channel with high Strahler also significantly affects forecast results. According to the simulation results, the TOPKAPI model exhibits good performance in building and the prediction of the ungauged basin, in which the qualified rate of volume and peaks reaches 69.23%, and the average NSE criterion is over 0.67, which is acceptable forecast accuracy and has positive implication for the hydrological forecasting research.