Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microstrip-fed hybrid slot and strip antenna for multi-band handset applications

A microstrip-fed hybrid slot and strip antenna for multi-band handset applications is proposed. The antenna is composed of three monopole slots and two parasitic strips with a small antenna area of 16 × 40 mm2. The bandwidth of this antenna can cover most of the mobile bands from 0.8 to 6 GHz frequency range including GSM850/900/GPS/DCS/PCS/UMTS/WiMAX 2.6/3.5 GHz and WLAN 2.4/5 GH bands.
Experimental Spinal Cord Injury: Wallerian Degeneration in the Dorsal Column Is Followed by Revascularization, Glial Proliferation, and Nerve Regeneration

The presence of adequate blood supply is a critical factor in recovery from traumatic injuries. We have examined whether the revascularization of the injured tissues is as crucial a precondition for wound healing in the spinal cord as in other organs. The development of the initial primary lesion (PL) after spinal crush injury in rats is followed by the formation of a unique tunnel-like dorsal column lesion (DCL) that extends rostrocaudally for many millimeters from the primary injury site. The DCL has been shown to result from Wallerian degeneration of the long spinal tracts in the dorsal column. In this study, we compared the processes of revascularization, wound healing, and nerve regeneration in the PL and the DCL by light microscopy after a crush injury of the cord. The spinal cord of 54 adults rats was crushed at T8 with jewelers forceps. The rats were allowed to survive from 3 h up to 8 weeks after spinal cord injury. The PL appeared immediately after injury and the DCL began to develop 6 h later. Infiltration of neutrophils, which is the first sign of the inflammatory responses to injury, began several hours later in the DCL than in the PL. Secondary vascular injury then occurred which resulted in hemorrhage around the DCL and rapid enlargement of the lesion during the remainder of the first week. Subsequent changes in the PL and DCL were entirely different. The PL underwent progressive enlargement and cavitation such that by 8 weeks, the lesion contained only very few cells, vessels, and axons scattered between huge fluid-filled cavities. The DCL, on the other hand, was maximal in size at 1 week and declined significantly in size and cavitation thereafter. By 8 weeks it was highly vascularized, contained abundant nerve fibers, and lacked any trace of cavitation. These findings amplify the current view that ischemia plays a critical role in spinal cord trauma by showing that revascularization precedes tissue repair and nerve regeneration in the dorsal columns. We conclude (a) that a well-vascularized lesion permits the ingrowth of glial and other cells which give rise to a supportive matrix for the nerve regeneration and (b) that procedures which induce revascularization or angiogenesis will ameliorate the cascade of progressive tissue necrosis.
Long-term outcome of secondary alveolar bone grafting in cleft lip and palate patients: A 10-year follow-up cohort study

Abstract The objective was to assess the long-term outcome of secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) in cleft lip and palate patients and to examine relationships between preoperative and postoperative factors and overall long-term bone graft success. The records of 97 patients with cleft lip and palate, who had secondary alveolar bone grafting of 123 alveolar clefts, were examined. Interalveolar bone height was assessed radiographically a minimum of 10 years after grafting using a 4-point scale (I–IV), where types I and II were considered a success. After an average follow-up of 16 years after SABG (range = 10.2–22.7 years), 101 of the 123 grafts (82%) were categorised as successes. Mean age in the success group was 12.1 years and 13.6 years in the failure group (p = 0.03). It was found that the success rate was significantly lower (p = 0.02) if SABG was performed after eruption of the tooth distal to the cleft. No significant differences were found with regard to the other parameters investigated. The timing of secondary alveolar bone grafting is critical with regard to the age of the patient and the stage of eruption of the tooth distal to the cleft.
Fractional photothermolysis for the treatment of surgical scars.

Surgical scars are commonly treated using additional surgical revisions. The pulsed dye laser (PDL) can be used to palliate erythema, and the 1,450-nm diode or 1,320-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser can be used to improve atrophy. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and erbium-doped (Er) YAG lasers benefit atrophic scars but are ablative and therefore associated with long recovery periods and many side effects. There is demand for a treatment that is noninvasive and addresses multiple scar characteristics simultaneously (erythema, atrophy, height, dyspigmentation).
Vacuolar Protein Sorting Pathway Contributes to the Release of Marburg Virus

ABSTRACT VP40, the major matrix protein of Marburg virus, is the main driving force for viral budding. Additionally, cellular factors are likely to play an important role in the release of progeny virus. In the present study, we characterized the influence of the vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) pathway on the release of virus-like particles (VLPs), which are induced by Marburg virus VP40. In the supernatants of HEK 293 cells expressing VP40, different populations of VLPs with either a vesicular or a filamentous morphology were detected. While the filaments were almost completely composed of VP40, the vesicular particles additionally contained considerable amounts of cellular proteins. In contrast to that in the vesicles, the VP40 in the filaments was regularly organized, probably inducing the elimination of cellular proteins from the released VLPs. Vesicular particles were observed in the supernatants of cells even in the absence of VP40. Mutation of the late-domain motif in VP40 resulted in reduced release of filamentous particles, and likewise, inhibition of the VPS pathway by expression of a dominant-negative (DN) form of VPS4 inhibited the release of filamentous particles. In contrast, the release of vesicular particles did not respond significantly to the expression of DN VPS4. Like the budding of VLPs, the budding of Marburg virus particles was partially inhibited by the expression of DN VPS4. While the release of VLPs from VP40-expressing cells is a valuable tool with which to investigate the budding of Marburg virus particles, it is important to separate filamentous VLPs from vesicular particles, which contain many cellular proteins and use a different budding mechanism.
Ghrelin: a new peptide regulating the neurohormonal system, energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism

Identification of ghrelin started with the discovery of growth hormone secretagogues, continued with the description of ghrelin receptors and ended with the elucidation of the chemical structure of ghrelin. However, several issues concerning the role of ghrelin in physiological and pathophysiological processes are still under investigation. Most of the ghrelin produced in the body is secreted in the stomach, but it is also expressed in the hypothalamus, pituitary, pancreas, intestine, kidney, heart and gonads. Ghrelin stimulates growth hormone secretion via growth hormone secretagogue receptors. Ghrelin secretion in the stomach depends on both acute and chronic changes in nutritional status and energy balance. Current data support the hypothesis that the stomach, in addition to its important role in digestion, not only influences pituitary hormone secretion but, via ghrelin production, it also sends orexigenic (appetite increasing) signals to hypothalamic nuclei involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. In addition to these main effects, ghrelin influences insulin secretion and glucose metabolism and it may exert potentially important effects on cardiovascular and gastrointestinal functions. Because of its effects on a large number of physiological functions, ghrelin may be involved in the pathomechanism of several human disorders, including disturbances of appetite, energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism. Further research might lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of ghrelin and might provide more effective therapy for the above disorders. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
USA endometrial cancer projections to 2030: should we be concerned?

AIM As the incidence of endometrial cancer (EC) increased considerably since 2007, this study aimed to project the burden of EC to the year 2030. METHODS Multivariate linear regression was used to project EC incidence by modeling trends in EC incidence from 1990 to 2013, while accounting for temporal changes in obesity, hysterectomy and smoking. RESULTS The best-fitting model predicting EC rates included a time effect plus effects for hysterectomy (12-year lag), severe obesity (3-year lag) and smoking (9-year lag). The best-fitting model projected an increase to 42.13 EC cases per 100,000 by the year 2030, a 55% increase over 2010 EC rates. CONCLUSION The projected increase of EC over next 16 years indicates the need for close monitoring of EC trends.
Efficient Mitochondrial Glutamine Targeting Prevails Over Glioblastoma Metabolic Plasticity

Purpose: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant form of primary human brain tumor in adults, with an average survival at diagnosis of 18 months. Metabolism is a new attractive therapeutic target in cancer; however, little is known about metabolic heterogeneity and plasticity within GBM tumors. We therefore aimed to investigate metabolic phenotyping of primary cultures in the context of molecular tumor heterogeneity to provide a proof of concept for personalized metabolic targeting of GBM. Experimental Design: We have analyzed extensively several primary GBM cultures using transcriptomics, metabolic phenotyping assays, and mitochondrial respirometry. Results: We found that metabolic phenotyping clearly identifies 2 clusters, GLNHigh and GLNLow, mainly based on metabolic plasticity and glutamine (GLN) utilization. Inhibition of glutamine metabolism slows the in vitro and in vivo growth of GLNHigh GBM cultures despite metabolic adaptation to nutrient availability, in particular by increasing pyruvate shuttling into mitochondria. Furthermore, phenotypic and molecular analyses show that highly proliferative GLNHigh cultures are CD133neg and display a mesenchymal signature in contrast to CD133pos GLNLow GBM cells. Conclusions: Our results show that metabolic phenotyping identified an essential metabolic pathway in a GBM cell subtype, and provide a proof of concept for theranostic metabolic targeting. Clin Cancer Res; 23(20); 6292–304. ©2017 AACR.
Interleukin 21 impairs tumor immunosurveillance of colitis-associated colorectal cancer

The pathogenesis of colitis-associated colorectal cancer is strongly influenced by immune cells, cytokines and other immune mediators present in the inflamed colon. Current research has emerged that T helper cell associated cytokines play a prominent role in tumor growth. In our recent manuscript we have revealed that the Th17 associated cytokine IL-21 prominently influences tumor development and immunosurveillance of colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
Separate and Shared Sources of Dual-Task Cost in Stimulus Identification and Response Selection

There is often strong interference if a second target stimulus (T2) is presented before processing of a prior target stimulus (T1) is complete. In the "Psychological Refractory Period" (PRP) paradigm, responses are speeded and interference manifests as increased response time for T2. In the "Attentional Blink" (AB) paradigm, stimuli are masked and responses unspeeded; interference manifests as reduced T2 accuracy. While different causes have usually been considered for PRP and AB phenomena, recent evidence has supported a unified account based on a single, shared restriction on concurrent processing. Here we show that a full assessment of separate and shared resource limitations requires direct comparison of hybrid PRP/AB trials with corresponding pure PRP and AB cases. Randomizing trial types in such a comparison also brings substantial benefit in addressing possible changes in task preparation or readiness. The data from two such experiments--combining speeded auditory (SA) and unspeeded visual (UV) task events--provide clear evidence for both separate and shared resource limitations. Often interference is strongest for T1 and T2 events of the same type, reflecting predominantly different limitations in SA and UV processing. With modest increases in demand, however, interference between different event types can also be made arbitrarily large, reflecting arbitrarily important shared limitations. For even such simple tasks as these, T--T2 interference reflects a combination of relatively local and relatively global sources.
Breast cancer in women with human immunodeficiency virus infection: pathological, clinical, and prognostic implications.

BACKGROUND AIDS and breast cancer have become two important public health issues for women. Of interest is the prolonged survival of patients diagnosed with HIV infection as a result of the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). With improved survival, we are likely to see more HIV-infected patients with breast cancer. METHODS This study, which is a review of our experience at Harlem Hospital Center, New York, between 2000 and 2008, compared HIV-positive with HIV-negative breast cancer patients, with attention to tumor size, stage, grade, molecular markers and lymphovascular invasion, treatment, and patient survival. RESULTS Only 63 of 370 patients with breast carcinoma were tested for HIV, and 6 of the 63 women tested positive for HIV. We, therefore, compared the clinical features and tumor characteristics seen in the 6 HIV-infected women with those of the 57 HIV-seronegative breast cancer patients. We found no differences in presentation, median age, and tumor morphology in the two groups of patients. When the patients in our previous report on 5 HIV-positive breast cancer patients were added to the present group, the overall 5-year survival rate among the 11 HIV-infected patients was 75%. Of note is the finding that HIV infection in premenopausal women was not associated with aggressive breast cancer subtypes with poor survival outcome. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that histological subgroups and 5-year survival appear similar among HIV-positive breast cancer patients.
Normal and anomalous fluctuation relations for Gaussian stochastic dynamics

We study transient work fluctuation relations (FRs) for Gaussian stochastic systems generating anomalous diffusion. For this purpose we use a Langevin approach by employing two different types of additive noise: (i) internal noise where the fluctuation–dissipation relation of the second kind (FDR II) holds, and (ii) external noise without FDR II. For internal noise we demonstrate that the existence of FDR II implies the existence of the fluctuation–dissipation relation of the first kind (FDR I), which in turn leads to conventional (normal) forms of transient work FRs. For systems driven by external noise we obtain violations of normal FRs, which we call anomalous FRs. We derive them in the long-time limit and demonstrate the existence of logarithmic factors in FRs for intermediate times. We also outline possible experimental verifications.
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathies: A Morphometric Overview

La diabetes es considerada hoy una de las principales amenazas para la salud humana en el siglo 21 y muchos investigadores se dedican a investigar la fisiopatologia de la enfermedad, con otras visiones sobre el manejo de sus principales complicaciones. Dado que la comprension de la fisiopatologia de las principales complicaciones de la diabetes y sus procesos subyacentes es obligatorio, modelos experimentales de la enfermedad pueden ser utiles ya que permiten el reconocimiento de los primeros mecanismos implicados en las complicaciones a largo plazo de la diabetes. El compromiso de los nervios perifericos es muy frecuente en la diabetes mellitus y se ha documentado que un tercio de los pacientes diabeticos tiene neuropatia periferica. La prevalencia es desconocida y los informes varian de 10% a 90% en los pacientes diabeticos, en funcion de los criterios y metodos utilizados para definir la neuropatia. En esta revision, se presentan los modelos experimentales mas comunes de diabetes y se discuten los hallazgos patologicos en los principales nervios perifericos. Ademas, se destacan las visiones presentadas por la morfometria de la investigacion la neuropatia diabetica.
[Slow progress in controlling second-hand smoking].

Passive smoking is defined as involuntary exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) by non-smokers at home, at work or in public places in general. Data from population surveys indicate a drop in tobacco use in Spain in men and women (39.2% among men and 24.7% among women in 2001 vs 31.6% and 21.5%, respectively, in the Spanish National Health Survey [NHS] of 2006). Smoking has changed from being behavior considered socially acceptable to one that causes a public health problem not only for smokers, but also for the innocent bystander who becomes a passive smoker. In many cases, active smoking is the only cardiovascular risk factor found in patients with myocardial infarction under 45 years, and affects 76%-91% of this population. It is also clear, and demonstrated by a case-control study, that quitting smoking reduces coronary mortality and continuing to smoke after a first infarction increases the risk of suffering a new coronary event that is 3 times greater than that among those who quit smoking. When the patient succeeds in quitting smoking after following a secondary prevention program, risk becomes equal to that of non-smokers before the first infarction. These data have strengthened secondary prevention programs which are currently one of the main pillars of clinical cardiology. Achieving less exposure to ETS in coronary patients who formerly smoked would fulfill 2 aims: first, abstinence would be maintained by there being more environments that were free from smoke and its temptation; and second, the impact on the cardiovascular system due to such involuntary exposure would be reduced. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency, tobacco smoke is a class A carcinogen, which Slow Progress in Controlling Second-Hand Smoking Víctor López García-Aranda and Manuel Almendro Delia
The Influence of Traffic Congestion, Daily Hassles, and Trait Stress Susceptibility on State Driver Stress: An Interactive Perspective

State driver stress was measured in both low and high traffic congestion using cellular telephones. The contributions of time urgency, trait driver stress, and hassles were also examined. Drivers showed substantially more state driver stress under high than low congestion. Time urgency made a significant positive contribution to state driver stress at both congestion levels. Trait driver stress also contributed positively under low congestion. There was a significant hassles X trait stress interaction under high congestion. Hassles exposure moderately increased state driver stress for high trait stress drivers, but reduced state driver stress for medium and low trait stress drivers. These findings indicate that state driver stress is influenced by a combination of situational and personal factors, including factors external to the driving context.
FURTHER STUDIES ONTHE GOITROGENIC EFFECTS OF PEARL MILLET DIETS 1

For some parts of Africa there is a strong, positive correlation between goiter incidence and per capita millet production. Results of this study show that rats fed pearl millet diets tend to develop symptoms similar to those of colloid goiter in humans. Autoclaving the grain appears to alleviate the symptoms, but iodine supplementation does not. Changes in thyroid hormone levels in millet-fed animals cannot be attributed to high dietary iron content, but iron intake might be associated with certain histological changes in thyroid tissue.
Positive Result by Serology Indicates ActiveHelicobacter pylori Infection in Patients with Atrophic Gastritis

ABSTRACT Patients with atrophic corpus gastritis and elevatedHelicobacter pylori antibody titers but13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) and histology results negative for H. pylori were randomized into eradication therapy or follow-up only. Antibody levels decreased significantly in six out of seven patients in the eradication group, while in the follow-up group, the titers declined in only one out of eight patients. In patients with atrophic corpus gastritis, positive serology results may indicate an ongoing infection in spite of negative13C-UBT and histology results.
Simon Browne and the Paradox of ?Being in Denial?

It is often taken to be intuitively obvious that if one is in a given conscious state, then one knows that one is in that state. This alleged obvious truth lies at the heart of two very different philosophical doctrines ? the Cartesian doctrine that one has incorrigible knowledge about one? s own conscious states (which still has its defenders today), and the view that one can explain all conscious states in terms of higher-order awareness of mental states. The present paper begins with a description of the real-life case of Simon Browne, a man who believed he had no conscious states whatsoever, although all external evidence overwhelmingly suggests that he had. This case ? as well as other cases of what can be called ? being in denial? gives reason to reject both the alleged intuitively obvious truth and the two philosophical doctrines which attempt to exploit it. Having abandoned these doctrines, it remains to give an account of Browne? s condition, which picks out both why it is possible and why it is so unusual. This is done by arguing that Browne? s belief is contrary to evidence which he absolutely ought to accept, and that this is necessarily, not just contingently, unusual. In addition, it is shown how Browne? s philosophical beliefs about the mind? body relation contributed to his odd belief.