Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Kebijakan Permenkes Nomor 67 Tahun 2016 tentang Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis

ABSTRAK TB merupakan penyakit menular yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat dan salah satu penyebab kematian, sehingga perlu dilaksanakan program penanggulangan TB secara berkesinambungan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis implementasi kebijakan tentang penanggulangan TB di Kota Tegal. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan informan secara purposive sampling. Informan utama yaitu pengelola program TB di fasyankes dan petugas analis di fasyankes. Uji validitas dengan triangulasi sumber kepada pengelola program TB Dinkes Kota Tegal, kepala fasyankes dan paseien tuberkulosis.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pelaksanaan implementasi kebijakan ini belum berjalan secara maksimal. Dari empat variabel yang berpengaruh dalam pelaksanaan implementasi kebijakan yaitu kemampuan implementor kebijakan; sumber daya; hubungan organisai; dan kondisi lingkungan, masih terdapat dua variabel yang belum berjalan secara maksimal sehingga menghambat pelaksanaan implementasi ini. Dua hal tersebut adalah sumber daya kebijkan yang belum sepenuhnya terpenuhi, dan kurangnya dukungan masyarakat dalam penanggulangan TB. Saran yang diberikan yaitu melanjutkan pelaksanaan program penanggulangan tuberkulosis di puskesmas Kota Tegal yang telah terlaksana agar program tersebut dapat terus berjalan secara maksimal. Kata Kunci: Implementasi, kebijakan, Penanggulangan, Tuberkulosis ABSTRACT TB is a contagious disease that is still a public health problem and one of the causes of death, so that the need for continuous TB prevention program. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of policy on TB prevention in Tegal City. This research type is qualitative research with technique of taking informant by purposive sampling. The main informants are TB program managers in fasyankes and analyst officers in fasyankes. Validity test with triangulation of source to TB program manager of Tegal City Health Office, head of fasyankes and paseien tuberculosis. The result of the research shows that the implementation of this policy implementation has not run maximally yet. Of the four influential variables in the implementation of policy implementation: the ability of policy implementers; resource; organizational relationships; and environmental conditions, there are still two variables that have not run optimally thereby hampering implementation of this implementation. Two of these are unfulfilled policy resources, and lack of community support for TB control. Suggestion given is continuing the implementation of tuberculosis prevention program at puskesmas of Tegal City which has been done so that the program can keep running maximally. Keyword: Implementation, Policy, Countermeasures, Tuberculosis
The Antibiotic Polymyxin B Impairs the Interactions between Shiga Toxins and Human Neutrophils

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is the life-threatenig sequela of intestinal infections by Shiga toxin (Stx)–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in children. Human neutrophils specifically bind Stx through TLR4, the receptor of LPS. The binding could be considered protective (Stx sequestration) or harmful (toxin delivery to target organs). The amount of Stx on neutrophils is in equilibrium with the amount of Stx present in the gut, and it is also related to renal and neurologic symptoms. The TLR4-mediated interaction of LPS with innate immune cells is hampered by the well-known antibiotic polymyxin B. In this study, we show that the same antibiotic impairs the binding of Stx to neutrophils, also blocking their functional effects (release of CXCL8, formation of neutrophil/platelet aggregates) involved in HUS pathogenesis. Controls for contaminating LPS in Stx-induced neutrophil responses inhibited by polymyxin B were performed. Stx interact with human neutrophils through their A chain, since these leukocytes do not express globotriaosylceramide, the specific receptor for Stx B chains. Consistently, polymyxin B blocked the enzymatic activity of Stx1, Stx2, Stx1 A chain, and the analogous plant protein gelonin, whereas the antibiotic did not show any protective effect on Stx-induced cytotoxicity in globotriaosylceramide-expressing Raji cells. Antibiotic administration is not recommended in human STEC infections during the prodromal intestinal phase, and the toxicity of polymyxin B could further discourage its therapeutic use. However, nontoxic, nonbactericidal polymyxin derivatives have been developed and might be used in animal models of STEC infection to study their efficacy in preventing the onset of HUS during the systemic blood phase of Stx.
Une classification des modèles asymptotiques de coques déduite de l'élasticité tridimensionnelle non linéaire

L'objectif de ce travail est de construire une classification des modeles asymptotiques de coques a partir de l'elasticite tridimensionnelle non lineaire, en fonction des niveaux de charges subies. Pour cela, on utilise une nouvelle approche constructive qui consiste a introduire, grace a l'adimensionnalisation des equations d'equilibre locales, des nombres sans dimension caracterisant les niveaux d'efforts et la geometrie de la coque. A l'aide de ces nombres, on definit deux classes de coques : les coques faiblement courbees et les coques fortement courbees. L'application de la technique des developpements asymptotiques pour chacune de ces deux classes permet alors d'obtenir une classification des modeles asymptotiques de coques en fonction des donnees du probleme (les niveaux d'efforts exterieurs, la geometrie et le caractere inhibe ou non de la surface moyenne de la coque). Ces donnees permettent de fixer clairement le domaine de validite des modeles de coques obtenus. Ainsi, dans le cas des coques faiblement courbees, on met en evidence un nouveau modele non lineaire de membrane pour des niveaux d'efforts importants et on justifie le modele non lineaire de coque faiblement courbee de koiter et le modele lineaire de novozhilov-donnell. Dans le cas des coques fortement courbees, on obtient le modele non lineaire de membrane pour des niveaux d'efforts tres importants. Pour des niveaux d'efforts plus faibles, on est amene a distinguer les coques inhibees des coques non inhibees aux sens non lineaire et lineaire. L'etude des differents cas d'une part permis de mettre en evidence deux nouveaux modeles non lineaires avec couplage membrane-flexion et d'autre part de retrouver le modele non lineaire de flexion pure. Par ailleurs, les domaines de validite des modeles lineaires de membrane et de flexion pure ont ete clairement identifie en fonction du niveau des efforts intervenant dans le probleme tridimensionnel non lineaire.
The Comparative Pathology of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models for Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Lung

Introduction: Because small-cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) are seldom resected, human materials for study are limited. Thus, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) for SCLC and other high-grade lung neuroendocrine (NE) carcinomas are crucial for translational research. Methods: The pathologies of five GEMMs were studied in detail and consensus diagnoses reached by four lung cancer pathology experts. Hematoxylin and Eosin and immunostained slides of over 100 mice were obtained from the originating and other laboratories and digitalized. The GEMMs included the original Rb/p53 double knockout (Berns Laboratory) and triple knockouts from the Sage, MacPherson, and Jacks laboratories (double knockout model plus loss of p130 [Sage laboratory] or loss of Pten [MacPherson and Jacks laboratories]). In addition, a GEMM with constitutive co-expression of SV40 large T antigen and Ascl1 under the Scgb1a1 promoter from the Linnoila laboratory were included. Results: The lung tumors in all of the models had common as well as distinct pathological features. All three conditional knockout models resulted in multiple pulmonary tumors arising mainly from the central compartment (large bronchi) with foci of in situ carcinoma and NE cell hyperplasia. They consisted of inter- and intra-tumor mixtures of SCLC and large-cell NE cell carcinoma in varying proportions. Occasional adeno- or large-cell carcinomas were also seen. Extensive vascular and lymphatic invasion and metastases to the mediastinum and liver were noted, mainly of SCLC histology. In the Rb/p53/Pten triple knockout model from the MacPherson and Jacks laboratories and in the constitutive SV40/T antigen model many peripherally arising non–small-cell lung carcinoma tumors having varying degrees of NE marker expression were present (non–small-cell lung carcinoma-NE tumors). The resultant histological phenotypes were influenced by the introduction of specific genetic alterations, by inactivation of one or both alleles of specific genes, by time from Cre activation and by targeting of lung cells or NE cell subpopulations. Conclusion: The five GEMM models studied are representative for the entire spectrum of human high-grade NE carcinomas and are also useful for the study of multistage pathogenesis and the metastatic properties of these tumors. They represent one of the most advanced forms of currently available GEMM models for the study of human cancer.
Pulsed Current Static Electrical Contact Experiment

Railguns involve both static and sliding electrical contacts, which must transmit the large transient electrical currents necessary to impart high forces onto a projectile for acceleration to hypervelocity. Static electrical contacts between metals initially take place through small asperities, or "a-spots", distributed over the contact area. The voltage developed across the interface is directly related to the contact temperature and force, the number of a-spots, the thermophysical and mechanical properties of the contacting materials, the current history, and any interfacial materials that may be present. To physically simulate some of the conditions attained within a railgun, a pulsed current static electrical contact experimental facility has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. This facility employs a 500-kN capacity servohydraulic load frame equipped with an electrically insulated load train to establish a contact force on interfaces between metals through which a pulsed current is transmitted. The time dependent evolutions of the voltage drops across the interfaces, as detected by probes pushed into the contacting materials, are recorded during a 40-kA peak current pulse having a 300-mus rise time with peak current densities on the order of 50 kA/cm2. The interface stack is assembled from a 12-mm outside diameter annular disk of metal with a 6.3-mm hole which is compressed between two hollow pedestals of a second metal. The evolution of the voltage drop across an interface during a pulse will be described as a function of initial contact pressures, current density, and polarity for dissimilar (Al/Cu) metal contacts. Thermal effects on the surfaces, including localized melting of the interface materials, were also investigated
Can students improve their undergraduate schievements and get accepted to graduate school?

The Open University of Israel offers an MSc program in Computer Science for students with an undergraduate degree in Computer Science and a grade point average of at least 80. We will describe an experiment which we began a year ago in which we give an opportunity to those students who do not meet the requirements (average lower than 80) to improve their achievements.
Triiodothyronine regulation of multiple rat hepatic genes: requirement for ongoing protein synthesis.

We have examined the role of rapidly turning over proteins in the T3 regulation of multiple rat hepatic genes. T3 induction of the rapidly responsive mRNA-S14 was markedly inhibited by cycloheximide (1 mg/100 g BW) or emetine (3 mg/100 g) injected ip 30 min before T3 (mRNA-S14 concentration was only 35% of that in T3-treated controls 8.5 h after administration of either protein synthesis inhibitor, P less than 0.01). Cycloheximide exhibited a similar effect on each of five other more slowly responsive T3 regulated genes. When cycloheximide was given 10 h after T3, the expected T3-induced rise of mRNA-S7 activity was completely prevented, and for mRNA-S4 activity the anticipated rise was blunted to 40% of T3-treated control (P less than 0.05). Cycloheximide caused sharp declines in the activity of two other mRNAs, S6 and S8, which because of shorter lag times of response to T3, had already risen when the drug was given. Values for both these mRNAs returned to the baseline hypothyroid level within 6 h of injection of the drug and remained low for a further 8 h (P less than 0.05). The expected deinduction of mRNA-S10 by T3 was also markedly modified. T3 lowered this mRNA to 11% of the hypothyroid control after 8 h, whereas cycloheximide given 30 min before the hormone blunted this fall to only 72% of control (P less than 0.01). Thus there appeared to be a 70% reduction in the rate of T3 induced fall of mRNA-S10. We did not find that cycloheximide caused a generalized decrease in poly (A)+ RNA mass. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High lipoprotein (a), diabetes, and the extent of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis

Background: Lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) has important atherothrombogenic properties, but its role in intracranial atherosclerosis remains unclear. Objective: To investigate the relationship between Lp(a) level and the extent of intracranial large-artery occlusive disease. Methods: Between June 2001 and August 2003, 166 consecutive first-ever TIA or stroke patients had intracranial stenoses on transcranial Doppler, of which 100 fulfilled all inclusion criteria. The extent of intracranial large-artery occlusive disease was assessed by the number of angiographically confirmed intracranial stenoses. Serum Lp(a) was determined a minimum of 3 months after stroke onset. Results: Two hundred eighty-one intracranial stenoses were documented. Fifty-one (51%) patients had three or more stenoses (greater-extent group). Patients in the highest Lp(a) quartile had a higher adjusted odds ratio (OR) for a greater extent than those in the lowest quartile (OR 3.43, 95% CI 1.04 to 11.33, p = 0.04). A positive correlation was found between Lp(a) concentration and the number of stenoses (r = 0.310, p = 0.002). Moreover, Lp(a) level increased gradually with the number of stenoses (p = 0.02). A multiple logistic regression model identified diabetes (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.04 to 5.57, p = 0.04) and high Lp(a) (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.03 to 6.18, p = 0.043) as independent markers of a greater extent of intracranial large-artery occlusive disease. Conclusions: High Lp(a) level and diabetes mellitus are independent markers of a greater extent of intracranial large-artery occlusive disease. These findings support a role for Lp(a) in intracranial stenotic atherogenesis and might be useful for the selection of high-risk patients.
Efficiency of cleaning procedure of milking equipment and bacterial quality of milk

Abstract The cleaning and sanitation of milking equipment could be consider a critical point in the milking procedure because a cleaning failure could influence the level of bacteria contamination of bulk tank milk. Aim of the study is to monitor the cleaning procedures of milking systems in 7 dairy cows farms in Lombardy and to find a relation between efficacy of cleaning system and the bacterial quality of bulk tank milk, remaining washing water through milking equipment and teat cup surface. Cleaning procedures were monitored with Lactocorder, that measured: duration, water temperature, turbulence, percentage of water in pipes, water conductivity of pre- and post-rinse and detergent phases. Results showed that the monitored farms the most of the cleaning parameters were lower than recommendations, in particular maximum water temperature (42.1±9.9°C) and percentage of water during detergent phase (76.1±13.9 %). A maximum temperature of detergent phase <40°C determined a high Standard Plate Count (SPC), thermoduric bacteria and Coliform Count (CC) of bulk tank milk, SPC and CC of teat cup surface. The research indicated that monitoring the efficiency of cleaning milking equipment with proper tools provide useful information about possible sources of contamination of bulk tank milk. Improving cleaning milking efficiency allow to improve milk quality.
Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Vascular Aging in Hypertension

Age-related decline in function is a physiological phenomenon occurring in all organ systems. However, acceleration and early occurrence of this process are observed in cardiovascular pathologies, including hypertension.1,2 In the vascular system, this is characterized by progressive pathological remodeling with stiffening,3 typically associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations in collagen and elastin.4 This is, in part, dependent on cellular senescence and growth arrest.5 Although hypertension and atherosclerosis are associated with accumulation of cellular senescence markers in the vascular wall, these conditions are often associated with vascular dysfunction rather than simple loss of proliferative capacity.6 For example, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidaemia, or diabetes mellitus are associated with accelerated decline of vascular function.2 This is why vascular age determination has been introduced in key clinical guidelines for cardiovascular prevention, to indicate to the patient how their lifestyle contributes to the acceleration of vascular function deterioration.7 Oxidative stress and inflammation, key mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and arterial damage, link these risk factors to vascular disease, arterial stiffness, and aging. These underlie macro- and microangiopathy, renal dysfunction, cardiac ischemia, and cognitive decline (Figure). Several novel pathways regulating these mechanisms of accelerated vascular aging have been elucidated in recent issues of Hypertension and are further discussed in the present Best Papers in Hypertension review. Figure. Central role of oxidative stress in accelerated vascular aging in hypertension. AT1R indicates angiotensin II receptor type 1; BH2, dihydrobiopterin; BH4, tetrahydrobiopterin; BMP, bone morphogenic protein; CypD, cyclophilin D; eNOS, endothelial NO synthase; ET1R, endothelin 1 receptor; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; Nox, NADPH oxidase; O2−. , superoxide anion; RANTES, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted chemokine; and SmgGDS, GTP-binding protein dissociation …
PENGARUH RASIO-RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN LABA DAN CASH FLOW PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PADA TAHUN 2014-2016

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meguji pengaruh rasio – rasio keuangan yang diproksikan dengan Current Ratio (CR), Debt Equity Ratio (DER), Total Asset Turnover (TAT), Return on Equity (ROE), dan Net Profit Margin (NPM) terhadap perubahan laba dan cash flow pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Pada Tahun 2014-2016. Data diperoleh dengan metode purposive sampling dengan kriteria (1) Perusahaan yang tergolong ke dalam kelompok manufaktur yang melaporkan laporan keuangan secara konsisten dari tahun 2014-2016 di Bursa Efek Indonesia (2) Perusahaan telah mempublikasikan laporan keuangan per 31 Desember selama periode penelitian yaitu 2014-2016. (3) Memiliki Laba dan Cash Flow positif selama periode penelitian. (4) Laporan Keuangan yang dipublikasi menggunakan mata uang Rupiah. (5) Memiliki data laporan keuangan lengkap selama periode penelitian yaitu periode 2014-2016 . Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa data yang ada terdistribusi normal, tidak terdapat multikolinieritas, tidak ada autokorelasi dan heteroskedasitas . Rasio keuangan yang diproksikan dengan DER berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan laba dengan signifikansi p sebesar 0,011 dan ROE berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan cash flow signifikansi p sebesar 0,030. Kata Kunci : Current Ratio (CR), Debt Equity Ratio (DER), Total Asset Turnover (TAT), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM), perubahan Laba, Perubahan cash flow
Study of Thermal Comfort Properties of Cotton/Regenerated Bamboo Knitted Fabrics

2 Abstract: This paper presents the thermal comfort properties of single jersey knitted fabric structures made from cotton, regenerated bamboo and cotton-bamboo blended yarns. Cotton, bamboo fibre and blends of the two fibres (100% cotton, 100% bamboo, 50:50 cotton: bamboo, 67:33 cotton: bamboo, 33:67 cotton: bamboo) were spun into yarns of identical linear density (20 tex). Each of the yarns so produced was converted to singl e jersey knitted fabrics with loose, medium and tight structures. The thermal conductivity of the fabrics was generally found to decrease with increase in the proportion of bamboo fibre. The water vapour permeability and air permeability of the fabrics were observed to increase with increase in bamboo fibre content. Statistical analysis also indicates that the results are significant for air permeability, thermal resistance, thermal conductivity and water vapour permeability of the fabrics.
Patterns of early lexical and phonological development

ABSTRACT This paper presents a detailed analysis of early lexical and phonological development in three children. The study covers the period from late babbling through the acquisition of 50 conventional words and focuses on: (1) the relationship between prelinguistic and linguistic vocalizations; (2) phonological development after the onset of speech; (3) patterns of lexical selection; (4) rate of lexical acquisition; and (5) use of invented words. The findings reveal that while the prelinguistic utterances of the children were similar, there was extensive inter-subject variation after the onset of meaningful speech, particularly in the segmental and syllabic forms of word productions, patterns of lexical selection, rate of lexical acquisition, and use of invented words.
How Many Faces Can Be Processed during a Single Eye Fixation?

The purpose of our study was to estimate the perceptual span for facial information: how many faces can be processed during a single eye fixation. We used a visual-search task, in which the targets and distractors were facial photographs. The task of the observer was to search for and identify a target face in an array of faces. We measured the time needed for one search—threshold search time—by using a multiple-alternative staircase method. The threshold represents the duration of stimulus presentation at which the probability of correct responses was 79%. The array size was varied from 2 × 2 to 8 × 8 faces. Simultaneously with the performance measurements we measured eye movements with a video eye tracker. We found that threshold search time increased with increasing set size nearly linearly. The number of fixations also increased linearly from unity at the smallest set size to about fifteen at the largest set size. The result of 2 × 2 faces during a single fixation gave an estimate of 4 faces for the perceptual span. If, on average, only half of the elements had to be scanned for finding the target, 15 fixations at the largest set size (8 × 8) gave another estimate of 2.13 faces. The mean fixation duration was around 200 ms. Thus, the results suggest that 2–4 faces can be processed during one fixation of about 200 ms.