Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effective Thermophysical Properties of Thermal Interface Materials: Part I — Definitions and Models

The conductivity of thermal interface materials are typically determined using procedures detailed in ASTM D 5470. The disadvantages of using these existing procedures for compliant materials are discussed along with a proposed new procedure for determining thermal conductivity and Young’s modulus. The new procedure, denoted as the Bulk Resistance Method, is based on experimentally determined thermal resistance data and an analytical model for thermal resistance in joints incorporating thermal interface materials. Two versions of the model are presented, the Simple Bulk Resistance Model, based on the interface material thickness prior to loading and a more precise version denoted as the General Bulk Resistance Model, that includes additional parameters such as surface characteristics and thermophysical properties of the contacting solids. Both methods can be used to predict material in situ thickness as a function of load.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Temperature Dependence of the HO(sub 2) + CIO Reaction. 1. Reaction Kinetics by Pulsed Photolysis-Ultraviolet Absorption and ab initio Studies of the Potential Surface

The kinetics of the HO_2 + ClO reaction was studied using the flash photolysis/ultraviolet absorption technique over the temperature range 203−364 K and pressure range 50−700 Torr of N_2. In contrast to previous work, the temperature dependence displayed linear Arrhenius behavior over the entire temperature range with the rate constant being described by the expression k(T) = 2.84 × 10^(-12) exp{(312 ± 60)/T} cm^3 molecule^(-1) s^(-1). Ab initio calculations of intermediates and transition states have been carried out on the singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces. These calculations show that the reaction proceeds mainly through the ClO−HO_2 complex on the triplet surface; however, collisionally stabilized HOOOCl formed on the singlet surface will possess an appreciable lifetime due to large barriers toward decomposition to HCl and HOCl. Termolecular rate calculations using ab initio parameters lead to a strong collision rate constant of ∼5 × 10^(-32) cm^6 molecule^(-2) s^(-1) for HOOOCl formation. This intermediate may be important under both laboratory and atmospheric conditions.
Finite Element Model for Predicting Stiffness of Metal-Plate-Connected Tension-Splice and Heel Joints of Wood Trusses

A finite element model that predicts axial stiffness of metal-plate-connected (MPC) tension-splice and heel joints of wood trusses is developed. The commercial software ABAQUS was used in developing the model. The model was based on: (1) the assumption that the joints are two-dimensional, (2) plane-strain modeling, and (3) the assumption that the properties of the wood and metal plate are linearly isotropic. The interface between the wood and the teeth of the metal plate is modeled with a finite sliding formulation. Contact surfaces (rather than contact elements) model the slip of the teeth of the metal plate and shear at the wood-tooth interface. The tangential contact properties are set to a specified coefficient of friction while the normal contact properties are set to a "hard" contact formulation, allowing for a possible separation of the nodes after contact is achieved. Model predictions are validated against experimentally measured stiffness values obtained in the literature. The data cover two wood species and three levels of modulus of elasticity (MOE). On the average, the model predicts within 5% of the experimentally measured stiffness values. The unique features of the model include: (1) accounting for friction at the tooth-wood interface, (2) accounting for tooth slip, (3) requiring no empirical factor (such as foundation modulus) in predicting axial stiffness, and (4) using the same methodology in modeling tension-splice and heel joints.
The "step feature" of suprathermal ion distributions: a discriminator between acceleration processes?

Abstract. The discussion of exactly which process is causing the preferred build-up of v−5-power law tails of the velocity distribution of suprathermal particles in the solar wind is still ongoing. Criteria allowing one to discriminate between the various suggestions that have been made would be useful in order to clarify the physics behind these tails. With this study, we draw the attention to the so-called "step feature" of the velocity distributions and offer a criterion that allows one to distinguish between those scenarios that employ velocity diffusion, i.e. second-order Fermi processes, which are prime candidates in the present debate. With an analytical approximation to the self-consistently obtained velocity diffusion coefficient, we solve the transport equation for suprathermal particles. The numerical simulation reveals that this form of the diffusion coefficient naturally leads to the step feature of the velocity distributions. This finding favours – at least in regions of the appearance of the step feature (i.e. for heliocentric distances up to about 11 AU and at lower energies) – the standard velocity diffusion as a consequence of the particle's interactions with the plasma wave turbulence as opposed to that caused by velocity fluctuation-induced compressions and rarefactions.
Nitrogen balance, microbial protein synthesis and ingestive behavior of lambs fed diets containing cottonseed cake in substitution of soybean meal

The cottonseed cake is a co-product obtained after extraction of oil cottonseed, and because of their bromatological characteristics has potential use in ruminant feed, can increase the economy efficiency of animal production systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate diets with cottonseed cake in substitution of soybean meal through nitrogen balance, microbial protein synthesis and the ingestive behavior of lambs. Forty crossbred Santa Ines × Dorper non-castrated rams with average initial weight of 20.9 ± 2.5 kg were distributed into a completely randomized design with four treatments and ten replicates, and fed diets containing cottonseed cake in substitution of 0, 33, 66 and 100% of soybean meal. The diets were composed of corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and hay, with forage:concentrate reason of 50:50, isonitrogenous, with 14% crude protein. The animals were confined individually in pens with slatted floor, the evaluations of ingestive behavior, which included observations of the feeding, rumination and idle times were performed in a period of 24 hours, in 5-minute intervals. At 97 days of experiment, a spot urine sample was collected from all animals to quantify the concentrations of nitrogen, creatinine, allantoin, uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine in the urine. The data were subjected to variance analysis and regression, adopting ? = 0.05. There was no significant difference between treatments for nitrogen balance, the synthesis of nitrogen compounds, and microbial efficiency. In addition, there was no effect of replacing soybean meal by cottonseed meal on feeding behavior of animals. Cottonseed cake can replace soybean meal up to 100% in diets for lambs.
Pulsed streamer discharge characteristics of ozone production in dry air

Experimental investigation of HV short pulsed streamer discharges in dry air-fed ozonizers under various operating conditions are reported. Ozone concentration, energy input and ozone production yield (efficiency) were measured at various voltages (14 to 37 kV), pulse repetition rates (25 to 400 pulses per second, pps), flow rates (1.5 to 3.0 1/min) and different gap spacings (10 to 20 mm) at a pressure of 1.01/spl times/10/sup 5/ Pa in dry air. A spiral copper wire (1 mm in diameter) made to a cylindrical configuration (18 to 38 mm in diameter) in a concentric coaxial electrode system of various dimensions was employed. A magnetic pulse compressor provided the HV and current pulses. Higher voltage and higher repetition rates yielded higher concentrations of ozone at a fixed air flow rate. The present investigation was extended to assess the performance of this pulsed ozone generator using dry air under desired conditions of high concentration and high yield of ozone for industrial applications.
Studies on the B-Galactosidase Activity of Saccharomyces jragilis

The decay of /3-galactosidase activity which occurs when acetone-dried Saccharomyces fragilis organisms are suspended in water at 25' is prevented by various potassium salts, sodium sulphide, azide, fluoride and citrate, manganous chloride and sulphate, cobaltous chloride, oxine, diethyldithiocarbarnate, dimethylglyoxime and 2,P-dinitrophenol. Ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (EDTA) has no effect on the decay but inhibits the enzyme, the inhibition being annulled by various metal cations, notably manganous and ferrous ions. Sodium pyrophosphate increased /3-galactosidase activity of intact organisms. This effect is to some extent reversible and is prevented by glucose. It is not accompanied by uptake of sodium pyrophosphate into the organisms. The possible mode of action of pyrophosphate is discussed.
Scalar-torsion theories of gravity II: $L(T, X, Y, \phi)$ theory

We consider Lorentz invariant scalar-tensor teleparallel gravity theories with a Lagrangian built from the torsion scalar, a scalar field, its kinetic term and a derivative coupling between the torsion and the scalar field. The field equations of the theory are derived and the relation between the spin connection and the antisymmetric part of the tetrad field equations is found explicitly, which is an important consistency result for Lorentz invariant teleparallel theories of gravity. Afterwards we study the behaviour of this class of theories under conformal transformations and find that such transformations map different theories in this class onto each other.
Mathematically study on vibration of visco-elastic parallelogram plate

The free vibration of parallelogram plate with varying thickness and thermal effect are investigated in the present study. Using the separation of variables method, the governing differential equation has been solved for vibration of visco-elastic orthotropic parallelogram plate. An approximate but quite convenient frequency equation is derived by using Rayleigh-Ritz technique with a two-term deflection function. The frequencies corresponding to the first two modes of vibrations are obtained for a parallelogram plate for different values of taper constant and thermal gradient.
Techniques used in the study of African wildcat, Felis silvestris cafra , in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (South Africa/Botswana)

The techniques used for the capture, marking and habituation of African wildcats ( Felis silvestris cafra ) in the Kalahari are described and evaluated in this paper. African wildcats were captured, with either baited cage traps or chemical immobilisation through darting. Darting proved to be a more efficient and less stressful way of capturing cats. Very high frequency (VHF) radio collars fitted with activity monitors were especially effective in the open habitat of the Kalahari for locating and maintaining contact with cats; they also aided in determining if the cats were active or resting in dense vegetation. The habituation of individual cats to a 4×4 vehicle proved to be time consuming, but it provided a unique opportunity to investigate the feeding ecology and spatial organisation of cats through direct visual observations. Conservation implications: In describing and comparing the various methods of capture, handling and release of the African wildcats that we followed during our study in the southern Kalahari, we recommend the most efficient, least stressful method for researchers to follow – both in relation to time and energy, as well as in terms of the impact on the animals being studied.
PENGASUHAN ORANG TUA YANG SEIMBANG SEBAGAI KUNCI PENTING PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER REMAJA

Abstrak: Keluarga dan sekolah sebagai bagian dari sistem lingkungan saling memengaruhi perkembangan remaja, termasuk perkembangan karakternya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh gaya pengasuhan dan lingkungan nonfisik sekolah terhadap kualitas karakter remaja. Responden penelitian adalah 79 siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) swasta di Kabupaten Bogor yang terpilih melalui metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skor persepsi gaya pengasuhan otoritatif ayah dan ibu lebih tinggi daripada gaya pengasuhan permisif atau otoriter. Gaya pengasuhan otoritatif ayah dan ibu berhubungan nyata dengan semakin baiknya kualitas karakter remaja. Selain itu, semakin meningkatnya persepsi remaja terhadap lingkungan nonfisik sekolah juga berhubungan dengan semakin baiknya karakter remaja. Namun analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa gaya pengasuhan ayah dan ibu yang seimbang lebih memberikan pengaruh terhadap karakter remaja dibandingkan lingkungan nonfisik sekolah. Kata Kunci: karakter remaja, lingkungan nonfisik sekolah, permisif, otoriter, dan otoritatif
Can Information about Genetically Modified Corn and Its Oil Have Significant Effects on Japanese Consumers' Risk Perception and Their Valuation?

This study investigates whether the information regarding the safety of genetically modified (GM) corn and GM corn oil can significantly affect the Japanese consumers’ risk perceptions and whether these risk perceptions can determine their willingness-to-pay (WTP) premium for non-GM corn oil. This WTP premium was measured by using a contingent valuation method that is commonly applied for valuing non-market commodities. Our empirical results show that, when the scientific knowledge of the safety of GM corn and GM corn oil was provided, the risk perceptions expressed by the mean of a probability distribution and those by the variance both substantially decreased, while the WTP unchanged with the given information. In addition, Japanese consumers’ premium percentage for non-GM corn oil was found to be about 40% of the price of the cooking corn oil sold in markets.
Pregnancy Wastage in Sheep and Goats in the Sahel Region of Nigeria

SUMMARY A retrospective cohort study on slaughter–mediated pregnancy wastage in abattoirs and slaughter points record from January 1998 to December 2009 in the Sahel region of Nigeria revealed an incidence of 22.78 % in sheep and 17.88 % in goats. During the study period, a total of 440,917 sheep and 826,435 goats were slaughtered. Out of these, 321,869 (73%) were ewes and 338,838 (41%) were does. Season wise, higher frequencies of pregnancy wastage occurred during March–May period of each year; when 28.21 ± 2.97 % pregnant ewes and 25.82 ± 2.06 % pregnant does were slaughtered. Similarly, the highest incidence of pregnancy wastage occurred during first trimester with 51 % in sheep and 53 % in goats. Fetometry on 48 foetal–lambs and 49 foetal–kids enabled determination of foetal morphometric parameters that aided in categorizing recovered foetuses into respective trimesters. The cohort age of presentation ranged from 0 – 5 months for both sheep and goats. Foetal crown–rump length (CRL) ranged from 3 – 55 cm and bi-parietal diameter (BPD) ranged from 1.1–8.5 cm, corresponding to 21–151 days of gestation. The CRL and BPD of the foetuses significantly correlated with gestational age and weights of the foetus. Continual data collection and analysis on pregnancy wastage is valuable indicator of the trend of slaughter–mediated foetal loss in the Sahel region of Nigeria. It is vital to educate livestock breeders, meat handlers, quality regulators and consumers about the dangers of indifference to pregnancy wastage in the Sahel region of Nigeria. KEYWORDS: Sheep, goat, sahel, pregnancy wastage.
Compactifications of N and Polishable subgroups of S

We study homeomorphism groups of metrizable compactifications of N. All of those groups can be represented as almost zero-dimensional Polishable subgroups of the group S∞. As a corollary, we show that all Polish groups are continuous homomor- phic images of almost zero-dimensional Polishable subgroups of S∞. We prove a sufficient condition for these groups to be one-dimensional and also study their descriptive complex- ity. In the last section we associate with every Polishable ideal on N a certain Polishable subgroup of S∞ which shares its topological dimension and descriptive complexity.
VORTEX-INDUCED VIBRATIONS OF MARINE CABLES AND STRUCTURES

Abstract : The dynamic analysis of marine structures and cable systems has become increasingly important in order to predict stress distributions and operational lifetimes in hostile ocean environments. This is largely because the amplitudes of vortex-induced vibration for a cylindrical structure such as a riser or pipeline in water are an order of magnitude greater than for a similar structure in air. The small mass ratio (structure to displace fluid) in water produces small values of the reduced damping which in turn result in the relatively large limiting vibration amplitudes shown in this report. Risers, platform mooring cables and other long, slender structures often are subjected to spanwise nonuniform shear currents. The response of long cylinders in non-uniform flows cannot be predicted accurately in many cases using existing methods which were originally developed for uniform flows. There is a limited base of data available for current shear effects from both laboratory and field experiments. However, it is possible from these results to make reasonable engineering estimates of the level and extent of vortex-induced vibrations in shear currents. Several examples are given to illustrate these estimates. The vortex-induced hydrodynamic drag forces on vibrating structures in water are amplified substantially above the corresponding case of a structure at rest. This drag amplification has been measured in several extensive experiments and reaches 250 percent at the largest amplitudes of crossflow displacement. The available experimental results for circular cylindrical members are summarized and put to use in several example calculations. (Author)
Vertical jump peak power estimation in young male gymnasts

Background There is a lack of peak power (PP) estimation for young gymnasts; therefore, the purpose was to derive a new regression equation predicting young gymnasts’ PP and to validate and compare it with the previously published ones. Material/Methods In the study, eighty young male gymnasts (age = 10.9 ±1.98 years; body mass = 33.5 ±7.45 kg) performed a countermovement jump on a force platform. Then, ¼ of the subjects were randomly assigned to a validation group and the rest served to develop a new linear regression equation using their body mass and vertical jump height (VJH). Results In comparison, PP estimated by the new equation (1439.8 ±479.3 W) showed no significant (p > 0.05) differences with the actual PP (1400.8 ±542.8 W), whereas other pre viously published ones were different (p < 0.05). The developed new equation looked as follows: PP [W] = 73.81 x VJH [cm] + 34.66 x body mass [kg] -1617 (r 2 = 0.75). Conclusions According to a small systematic bias (38.97 W), the new equation can be used to predict PP of young gymnastic groups. The newly developed equation fits the actual performance of gymnasts better than the previous published ones.
Eco-warriors in the supermarket? Evaluating the UK sustainable consumption strategy as a tool for ecological citizenship

Ecological Citizenship is a potentially ethic-based motivation for changing behaviour towards more sustainable lifestyles. It describes citizenship as activity taken in the private as well as public sphere, and with regard to a common humanity transcending the boundaries of nation states. This paper examines ecological citizenship at perhaps its most mundane, yet its most ubiquitous and fundamental level – the choices and actions which individuals and households make on a daily basis, in the supermarket and on the high street. It deals with changing consumption patterns, consumer behaviour and lifestyles, and how these relate to environmental and social demands for sustainability. Sustainable consumption has become a core policy objective in national and international arenas, despite contested understandings of what it might mean in practice. The mainstream policy interpretation of sustainable consumption and the UK strategy is described, which relies upon individual consumers to make environmentally-motivated private decisions in order to deliver sustainability. This approach is critically evaluated on two fronts. First, a number of market failures are identified which compromise the integrity of the proposed model. Second, failures to achieve the desired impacts are revealed, which significantly limit the scope and ambition of mainstream sustainable consumption strategy. Responding to these limitations, an alternative conception of sustainable consumption is proposed, and three examples are given of practical tools and initiatives which overcome some of the obstacles faced by the mainstream approach. These are: the Measure of Domestic Progress national accounting index, localised organic food supply chains, and community currencies (time banks and LETS). The alternative strategy promotes ecological citizenship by re-creating social and economic institutions for environmental governance according to different value regimes. By combining improvements to the mainstream policy strategy, with explicit support for a diversity of alternative approaches which build new social and economic institutions for consumption, governments could harness the energies of ecological citizens to make significant strides along the road to sustainability.
DIRECTION GÉNÉRALE DES ÉTUDES ET DES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES THE LONG LANDING SCENARIO: REBALANCING FROM OVERINVESTMENT AND EXCESSIVE CREDIT GROWTH. IMPLICATIONS FOR POTENTIAL GROWTH IN CHINA

After three decades of rapid growth, the Chinese economy has been slowing; at the same time, concerns about the sustainability of its growth model are mounting, calling for urgent rebalancing. This paper provides an assessment of how, and to what extent, the rebalancing process may impact China’s potential growth in the next fifteen years. After reviewing the main reasons behind China’s high growth and imbalances (and the role of factor price distortions), as well as its rising vulnerabilities (overinvestment, excessive credit growth, and a real estate bubble), we adopt a production function approach to derive potential growth. However we depart from the standard methodology in two important ways: first, we correct China’s capital stock for overinvestment by taking into account the credit cycle; second, we disentangle the effects of sectoral reallocations from within-sector productivity, allowing for a better assessment of the expected shift from manufacturing to services. Our results indicate that growth would be currently slightly higher than its potential, with a positive output gap, thus questioning the rationale for additional stimulus measures. Moreover, in our scenario potential growth would fall more quickly than currently expected by the Consensus, to around 5 percent by 2020.