Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From wood to waste and waste to wood

In this thesis the flow of elements from the forest to the pulp mill and the possibility to recycle nutrients in solid pulp-mill residues back to the forest have been studied. To get improved estimations of element removal at whole tree harvesting (WTH), the changing element concentrations with changing diameter of Picea abies stems were investigated. The results showed that element concentration for Ba, Cd and Pb in wood and Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Mn, Sr and Zn for bark were significantly positively correlated with diameter whereas Cu, Fe, K, Mg and P in wood and Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Na, Ni and P in bark were negatively correlated. In order to test the recycling potential of different solid waste products a mass-balance study was made for three pulp mills in Sweden. Bark-ash had the best composition of plant nutrients but high concentrations of some heavy metals. GLD and lime mud contain less nutrients, except Ca and Mg. Mixing of bark-ash and GLD can be a way to improve nutrient composition and achive a high degree of recycling. Pelleting and heat treatment of ash and GLD was evaluated as a way to get stable pellets with long-lasting effect in the field. Pelleting decreased the reactivity of the pellets, resulting in less effect on pH and low leaching rates of elements. The heating of ash pellets gave a decreased surface area and decreased reactivity in the soil. Mixing bark-ash with GLD resulted in an increased leaching of DOC and DON. Heating of GLD pellets increased pH significantly in the leachate due to formation and subsequent dissolution of MgO. The pre-treatments did not decrease the rapid leaching of K and Na from the pellets. There was no tendency for increased N or C mineralisation in the mor layer for any pellet type. Thus, when pure ash pellets are used, the risk of high N losses from mor layers in podsolised spruce stands after ash application is small, even under disturbed conditions. However, more caution should be taken with mixtures containing GLD, which show a greater interaction with the mor. Heating of GLD pellets should be avoided.
The Economic Value of a Sustainable Supply Chain

The economic rationale to operate a global supply chain in a sustainable manner is developed. Arguments are made based on marketing, finance, and production theories that by engaging in socially responsible behavior the firm will increase sales, decrease costs, reduce financial risk, and increase profits, which will ultimately increase returns to the firm's shareholders. A model is developed of the mechanism by which modern production methods such as lean production and quality management result in sustainable corporate behavior that, in the long run, translates into higher stock valuations. The production effects cause marketing and financial risk effects that are complementary, and all three channels of influence synergistically result in higher stock values in the model. These effects also provide important benefits to other stakeholders of the firms including employees, customers, the environment, and the community. An important ethical issue in global supply chains is working conditions in foreign plants often leading to allegations of sweatshop labor conditions. This issue is used to illustrate how lean production practices can affect consumers, employees, and financial risk. Conclusions from the sweatshop labor issue are shown to apply to other sustainability issues as well.
Kato's inequality and form boundedness of Kato potentials on arbitrary Riemannian manifolds

Let $(M,g)$ be a Riemannian manifold with Laplace-Beltrami operator $-\Delta$ and let $E\to M$ be a Hermitian vector bundle with a Hermitian covariant derivative $\nabla$. Furthermore, let H(0) denote the Friedrichs realization of $\nabla^*\nabla$ and let $V$ be a potential. We prove that $V^-$ is H(0)-form bounded with bound $<1$, if the function $\max\sigma(V^-)$ is in the Kato class of $(M,g)$. In particular, this gives a sufficient condition under which one can define the form sum $H(V):=H(0)\dotplus V$ on arbitrary Riemannian manifolds.
The Relationship between Earnings Quality and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure in Tehran Stock Exchange

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between earnings quality and corporate social responsibility disclosure in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). This is an applied research that adopted a descriptive method. The spatial domain of the study was all the companies listed in TSE. The temporal domain was from 2008 to 2012. The research sample consisted of 88 companies listed in TSE. Earnings quality and corporate social responsibility disclosure were considered as the independent and dependent variables, respectively. Firm size, financial leverage, firm age and industry type were considered as the four control variables in the study. A number of three research hypotheses were developed and the relative data were collected. Regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed a significant correlation between earnings quality and corporate social responsibility disclosure in TSE companies. The managers and decision makers in the field of corporate social responsibility are recommended to pay greater attention to earnings quality in order to increase disclosure of the various aspects of corporate social responsibility.
Field testing of inter- and intraspecific coalescence among mid-intertidal red algae

Although spores, sporelings and juveniles of many ecologically important and competi- tively dominant seaweed species inhabiting intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats may coalesce, it is unknown whether coalescence among holdfasts of well-established clumps occurs naturally in the field. Using a combination of field and ultrastructural studies, we evaluate if inter- and intraspecific coalescence occurs between clumps of Mazzaella laminarioides and Nothogenia fastigiata and, if so, whether such a process modifies clump shapes and sizes. Interspecific encounters always resulted in cell compression and destruction of the contacting tissues and in the eventual mortality of 1 of the partners (in this case N. fastigiata). In contrast, intraspecific encounters in both species always resulted in coalescence. In these field populations, coalescence seems to be frequent and dynamic and is probably modulated by other community structuring mechanisms such as grazing, abiotic extremes, and mussel recruitment. This field demonstration of coalescence suggests that many inter- tidal and subtidal populations of coalescing Rhodophyta might be chimeric.
UNIVERSITY LECTURERS’ INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS IN RELATION TO COMPUTER-MEDIATED PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

The Internet and its allied Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools and resources is changing both the processand product of education with new and creative ways of learning and teachers’ professional development. Skills in informationprocessing are key factors to technology use among individuals and groups in facilitating effective classroom interaction throughcomputer-mediated communications and computer-mediated professional development. This paper examines information literacyskills of university lecturers in relation to ICT tools and resources that are applicable to faculty development such as; e-learning,e-mail communication, interactive multimedia, electronic discussion groups, discussion forum and emerging technologies. Thestudy involved a total of 142 participants randomly selected from five Universities located in two geo-political zones (South Westand North East) in Nigeria. Findings revealed higher information literacy skills among university lecturers in information literacyskills of tool, resource, research and publishing. Findings further imply that participants are technologically-capable in line withUNESCO ICT-Competency Standards for Teachers as participants reported effective use of most of the computer-mediatedprofessional development modes. The study recommends adoption of computer-mediated professional development by academicinstitutions, professional bodies, and associations. It also suggests e-mentoring among academic staff with collaborative efforts intechnology adoption within and among universities and inter-university institutions for professional development. It concludesthat lecturers without key information processing skills may find it difficult if not impossible, to cope with the pace of new andemerging technologies in their teaching career. Keywords : University Lecturers, Information Processing, Skills, Professional Development, Computer-Mediated ProfessionalDevelopment.
Framing Islam in News Reporting: A Comparative Content Analysis

The emergence of modern communication technology suggests that the society as a whole is now a simple hostage at the hands of the media. However, the time has come to ask whether the people are being managed, manipulated, massaged or brainwashed by the media. Media contents are unjustifiably dominated by expressions that create negative impressions of Islam. As a result, the media accentuate anti-Muslim bias and bigotry. This study aims to comparatively examine how Nigerian and Malaysian newspapers frame Islam-related events in news reporting. Using purposive sampling, Punch and Vanguard were chosen from Nigeria while The Star and New Straits Times were chosen from Malaysia based on their popularity and readership. Relevant news articles that focus upon reports about Islam or Muslims were collected from the selected newspapers using internet-based search from November 2015 until September 2016. The newspapers produced 599 different Islam-related news articles within this period. The study found that out of 599 news articles published in the selected newspapers, 228 portrayed Islam in conflict situation by using conflict frame. For the rest, 60 news articles used consequence frame, 32 used crime frame, 11 used responsibility frame, 19 used morality frame, and 249 portrayed Islam using human interest frame. Nigerian newspapers used more conflict frames in reporting Islam than Malaysian newspapers. Collective efforts of journalists, editors, and corporate ownership of the newspapers should be directed toward suppressing the negative media portrayal of Islam.
Maximum sustainable yield estimates of barramundi Lates calcarifer fishery from Pakistani waters

Khadim H. MEMON 1,2 , *Qun LIU 1* , Muhsan A. KALHORO 1,2 , Abdul NABI3 & Zhang KUI1 College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China 1 Marine Fisheries Department, Fish Harbor west wharf, Karachi, 74000 Pakistan Microbiology Department, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan [Email: qunliu@ouc.edu. cn , asad_zoologist@yahoo.com 2 muhsanabbasi@yahoo.com, abdulnabi_ouc@hotmail.com, nedvedkui@163.com ]
Developing and Validating an English Version of the meCUE Questionnaire for Measuring User Experience

Based on the Component model of User Experience (CUE), a standardized questionnaire (meCUE) was developed measuring key aspects of user experience (UX) for interactive products. The questionnaire consists of 34 items and covers four components: product perceptions (usefulness, usability, visual aesthetics, status, commitment), user emotions (positive, negative), consequences of usage (intention to use, product loyalty), and overall judgment. The modules were separately validated in a series of studies. Therefore, meCUE can be easily adapted to specific research goals by simply choosing those modules which are required. The original German questionnaire was translated into an English version that was validated in an online study. Fifty-eight native English speakers assessed a wide variety of interactive products, such as cell phones, digital cameras, PCs, laptops, tablets, software and mobile applications. Results show that the English version reliably assesses the key components of UX and that the internal consistency of its scales is high.
Efecto del almacenamiento al ambiente en semillas de Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham sometidas a hidratación parcial

El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar el efecto del almacenamiento al ambiente en la germinacion de las semillas de Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham sometidas a hidratacion parcial. Los tratamientos fueron: control, sin escarificacion (T0); escarificacion termica (ET) con H2O a 80°C, durante dos minutos (T1); ET mas hidratacion parcial, en bandeja con agua corriente por 28 horas (T2); ET mas hidratacion parcial, en saco de yute humedecido con agua corriente por 28 horas (T3); ET mas hidratacion parcial, en bandeja con agua corriente y TMTD al 0,1% (plaguicida) por 28 horas (T4); ET mas hidratacion parcial, en saco de yute humedecido con agua corriente y TMTD al 0,1% (plaguicida) por 28 horas (T5). Las semillas hidratadas se deshidrataron durante 72 horas al aire y a la sombra, antes de almacenarlas. Se midio la germinacion y la viabilidad a 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 18, 30 y 42 meses. Se utilizo un diseno totalmente aleatorizado y cuatro replicas por tratamiento. Hubo diferencias significativas (P<0,001) entre los tratamientos en cuanto a la germinacion y la viabilidad. Los mayores valores de germinacion se detectaron en T2 y T3 en todos los momentos, excepto a los 18 y 30 meses, en que solo fueron superiores en T3. A los 42 meses hubo 0% de germinacion en todos los tratamientos, mientras que el control alcanzo 9,3%. Por su parte, la viabilidad mostro valores superiores en T0. Se concluye que las semillas que fueron sometidas a la combinacion del tratamiento con hidratacion parcial, antes de almacenarlas al ambiente, se mantuvieron revigorizadas para la germinacion hasta los 30 meses.
Joint effect of insertion of spaces and word length in saccade target selection in Chinese reading

The present study examined how insertion of spaces before and after a word affects saccade target selection in Chinese reading. We found that inserting spaces in Chinese text changes the eye movement behaviour of Chinese readers. They are less likely to fixate on the character near the space and will try their best to process the entire word with less fixations when a space is inserted after a word, making the final characters in a long word less likely to be fixated on. However, we did not find evidence that they target their eyes at the word centre when a space is inserted before or after a word. These results enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of eye movement control in Chinese reading.
A vector finite element method with the high-order mixed-interpolation-type triangular elements for optical waveguiding problems

A vector finite element method with the high-order mixed-interpolation-type triangular elements is described for the analysis of optical waveguiding problems. It is a combination of linear edge elements for transverse components of the electric or magnetic field and quadratic nodal elements for the axial one. The use of mixed-interpolation-type elements provides a direct solution for propagation constants and avoids spurious solutions. This approach can yield more accurate results compared with the conventional approach using the lowest order mixed-interpolation-type elements, namely, constant edge elements and linear nodal elements. The accuracy of this approach is investigated by calculating the propagation characteristics of optical rib waveguides. Results obtained for both E/sup x/ and E/sup y/ polarizations are validated using benchmark results produced by established methods. >
Homogeneous Turbulence in a First-order Reactant for the Case of Multi-point and Multi-time Prior to the Final Period of Decay in a Rotating System

Using Deissler's approach, the decay for the concentration of a dilute contaminant undergoing a first- order chemical reaction in homogeneous turbulence at times prior to the final period of decay in a rotating system for the case of multi-point and multi-time is studied. Here two and three point correlations between fluctuating quantities have been considered and the quadruple correlations are ignored in comparison to the second and third order correlations. Taking Fourier transform the correlation equations are converted to spectral form. Finally, integrating the energy spectrum over all wave numbers we obtained the decay law for the concentration fluctuations in a homogeneous turbulence prior to the final period in a rotating system for the case of multi-point and multi-time.
Self-incompatibility in the Chilean Endemic Genus Leucocoryne Lindley

The Chilean genus Leucocoryne has exceptional qualities as an ornamental plant that is being developed through breeding. Little is known about the origin of its genetic variation for fl ower phenotype. Our hypothesis is that, despite having a perfect fl ower, Leucocoryne has an outbreeding behavior due to self-incompatibility. Greenhouse stud- ies were conducted to study self-incompatibility. In 2000, one species L. purpurea Gay. and two distinct populations Leucocoryne sp. Pichicuy and Leucocoryne sp. Chigualoco were used, whereas in 2001, L. coquimbensis F. Phil. and Leucocoryne sp. Alcones and Leucocoryne sp. Talinay were added. Field studies were carried out in 2001 at La Campana (lat. 29°S, Valparaiso Region, Chile) and Bosque de Fray Jorge (lat. 33°S, Coquimbo Region, Chile) National Parks with L. ixioides Lindley and L. purpurea, respectively. The index of self-genetic incompatibility (ISI) was measured as the average number of seeds per fruit produced by self-pollination divided by the average number of seeds per fruit produced from cross-pollination. The average ISI values for 2000 and 2001 were 0.08 and 0.06, respectively, meaning that Leucocoryne is largely self-incompatible. In the fi eld seed set was compared between fl owers that were isolated from insects and those that were not. None of the isolated fl owers produced seeds, instead nonisolated fl owers produced an average of 29 seeds per fruit at La Campana and 56 at Bosque de Fray Jorge. Leucocoryneʼs self-incompatibility and outcrossing behavior plus its capacity to fi x any genotype via asexual reproduction, most likely contribute to its large variation for fl ower color, shape, size, design, and aroma. Due to Leucocoryneʼs reproductive behavior it would be diffi cult to breed for homozygous inbreds and pure hybrid cultivars
Performances of wild sourced Indian major carps and hatchery produced exotic carps under different stocking combinations in polyculture ponds

Performances of wild sourced Indian major carps and hatchery produced exotic carps were studied during July to December 2014 in polyculture ponds of Faridpur district, Bangladesh. Three different combinations of species (surface: catla, Catla catla, silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp, Aristichthys nobilis + column: rui, Labeo rohita + bottom: mrigel, Cirrhinus mrigala and carpio, Cyprinus carpio + all layer: grass carp, Ctenophryngodon idella) were tested under three treatments as T1 (30% + 40% + 29% + 1%), T2 (30% +30% + 39% + 1%) and T3 (40% + 30% + 29% + 1%), each with four replications. As surface feeder, silver carp was dominant in treatment T1 and that of catla in treatments T2 and T3. Semi intensive carp polyculture was followed for all the treatments. Water quality for the treatments was found within the suitable range. Fish yield and net return varied more significantly (P<0.05) with treatment T1 than others.
Effects of adding different dietary levels of guar meal on productive performance of laying hens

This study was set up to evaluate the effect of different dietary levels of guar meal (GM) on productive performance of laying hens. One hundred and eighty 25-weeks-old Hisex laying hens were randomly distributed among 5 treatments with 6 replicates of 6 hens each. Hens were fed layer diets supplemented with either 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 or 20.0% GM for 8 weeks trail period (25 to 33 weeks). Body weight, mortality rate, body weight gain, egg production, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, egg mass, egg specific gravity, Haugh unit and egg yolk color were recorded. The results obtained in the present study showed that final body weight and body weight gain were significantly the lowest in hens fed 10.0 and 20.0% GM when compared with the other treatments, but no significant differences were noticed among hens fed either 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0% GM. Mortality rate was significantly higher in hens fed 0.0% GM than those fed 5.0 or 20.0% GM, but no differences were observed between hens fed either 2.5 or 10.0% GM and the other treatments. Hens fed 20.0% GM showed significantly the lowest egg number and percentage produced, feed consumption, egg weight, and egg mass per hen when compared with the remaining treatments. However, hens fed 20.0% GM exhibited the highest feed conversion ratio and egg specific gravity when compared with the other treatments. Hens fed 5.0 and 10.0% GM produced eggs with more yellowness values than those fed 0.0% GM, but there were no differences between hens fed either 2.5 or 20.0% GM and the other treatments. We conclude that GM can be added into diet up to 10.0% without adverse effects on productive performance of laying hen. Key words: Egg Production, performance, guar meal, laying hens.
Der Einfluss des Gens Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) auf den Mechanismus der tangentialen Migration

Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a risk gene for a spectrum of major mental disorders. It has been shown to regulate radial migration as well as dendritic arborization during neurodevelopment and corticogenesis. In a previous study we demonstrated through in vitro experiments that DISC1 also controls the tangential migration of cortical interneurons originating from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE). Here we first show that DISC1 is necessary for the proper tangential migration of cortical interneurons in the intact brain. Expression of EGFP under the Lhx6 promotor allowed us to analyze exclusively interneurons transfected in the MGE after in utero electroporation. After 3 days in utero, DISC1 deficient interneurons displayed prolonged leading processes and, compared to control, fewer neurons reached the cortex. Time-lapse video microscopy of cortical feeder-layers revealed a decreased migration velocity due to a reduction of soma translocations. Immunostainings indicated that DISC1 is co-localized with F-actin in the growth cone-like structure of the leading process. DISC1 knockdown reduced F-actin levels whereas the overall actin level was not altered. Moreover, DISC1 knockdown also decreased levels of phosphorylated Girdin, which cross-links F-actin, as well as the Girdin-activator pAkt. In contrast, using time-lapse video microscopy of fluorescence-tagged tubulin and EB3 in fibroblasts, we found no effects on microtubule polymerization when DISC1 was reduced. However, DISC1 affected the acteylation of microtubules in the leading processes of MGE-derived cortical interneurons. Together, our results provide a mechanism how DISC1 might contribute to interneuron migration thereby explaining the reduced number of specific classes of cortical interneurons in some DISC1 mouse models. key words: DISC1, Schizophrenia, interneuron, cortical interneuron migration, cortical development