Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Readability Assessment of Online Patient Education Material on Congestive Heart Failure

Background Online health information is being used more ubiquitously by the general population. However, this information typically favors only a small percentage of readers, which can result in suboptimal medical outcomes for patients. Objective The readability of online patient education materials regarding the topic of congestive heart failure was assessed through six readability assessment tools. Methods The search phrase “congestive heart failure” was employed into the search engine Google. Out of the first 100 websites, only 70 were included attending to compliance with selection and exclusion criteria. These were then assessed through six readability assessment tools. Results Only 5 out of 70 websites were within the limits of the recommended sixth-grade readability level. The mean readability scores were as follows: the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (9.79), Gunning-Fog Score (11.95), Coleman-Liau Index (15.17), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) index (11.39), and the Flesch Reading Ease (48.87). Conclusion Most of the analyzed websites were found to be above the sixth-grade readability level recommendations. Efforts need to be made to better tailor online patient education materials to the general population.
The stromal cells' guide to the stem cell universe

Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells have emerged as a heterogeneous population of cells that differ in phenotype and repopulation kinetics. Stem cells in vitro and in vivo are dependent upon stromal cells for their proliferation and differentiation. Thus, stromal cells can be viewed as tools to analyze the physiological conditions that regulate stem cells. Stromal cell lines that support stem cells are infrequent, which supports the interpretation that stromal cells create distinct niches that regulate stem cell development. A model of stem cell maintenance is presented that predicts that stromal cell‐bound molecules protect stem cells from differentiation. The stroma compartment is highly adaptable and can change its function in response to external stimuli. Thus, it is tempting to speculate that the stroma acts as a translator of peripheral signals for stem cells.
Aggressiveness and the intensity of psychopathic symptoms - gender differences.

OBJECTIVES The analysis of the recent international reports in the literature on psychopathy has proved irrefutablythat there is a necessity for the in-depth studies on psychopathy among the female sentenced offenders. Although there is no disagreement among the researchers on the 'male' form of this disorder, there are still very few gender comparative studies. The aim of this project was to investigate the relationship between the intensity of particular psychopathic features and aggressive tendencies in a group of female and male inmates. METHODS 100 incarcerated adult males and 100 incarcerated adult females were studied. To assess the intensity of the psychopathic features the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 2003) was used. Aggressive tendencies were measured using the self-reported Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ; Buss and Perry, 1992). RESULTS The analysis of variance showed that 12 out of the 20 PCL-R items differentiate indicators of aggressiveness at statistically significant level in the group of male and female prisoners. CONCLUSIONS The obtained data suggest that there are gender differencesin the manifestation of psychopathy-characteristic features. In both gender groups psychopathic deficiencies can be linked with aggressive behaviors.
Silence is Golden? The Case of Two Whistleblowers in a Norwegian Municipality

Characteristics and experiences of whistleblowers are an important field of research for work and organizational psychology. Detection and prevention of misconduct and crime is dependent on people internally who are not afraid to speak up and tell about their observations. Two key employees in the municipality of Grimstad in Norway reported separately about critical financial incidents in procurement of health services. They were ignored by the perceived power elite in the municipality. At the time of writing this research article, both whistleblowers are on sick leave. This article presents two whistleblowers who – despite perceived retaliation and reprisals are willing to do it again. They simply define it as part of their job.
Pubertal timing and self-reported delinquency among male adolescents.

Pubertal timing has consequences for adolescent adaptation, and Moffitt has theorized that puberty is a motivating factor for delinquency. Pubertal timing and self-reported delinquency were examined in a questionnaire-based survey of 14-year-old boys (n=99). The questionnaire was completed anonymously, under test conditions, in the school classroom. The results showed that offtime maturers (those early or late) reported a wider range of delinquency, including higher levels of crime and school opposition behaviours. Offtimers also reported a greater frequency of particular delinquent acts over a 12-month period. Overall, the results lend support to the "deviance hypothesis" of pubertal timing.
Clozapine for Treatment-Resistant Agitation in Dementia

Few studies have examined the potential role of clozapine in treatment of agitation in dementia patients who have previously failed to respond to standard pharmacotherapy. We conducted a systematic chart review of all elderly patients admitted to our inpatient unit between 2001 and 2004. Of them, 16 dementia patients were treated with clozapine for treatment-resistant agitation, and their charts were blindly rated by 3 clinicians on the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Scale, Brief Agitation Rating Scale (BARS), and the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory-Short Form (CMAI-SF). Overall, clozapine therapy seemed beneficial in treatment-resistant agitation in dementia patients. (J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2007;20:178—182)
The Impact of Natural Disasters on Firm Growth in Vietnam: Interaction with Financial Constraints

The theory on the disaster impacts on firm growth is ambiguous and the empirical evidence on this topic is scarce, which hampers the design of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation policies. This paper estimates growth models of the impacts of natural disasters on labour, capital, and value-added growth of firms in the short run, and identifies the role of financial constraints in shaping disaster outcomes. The analysis uses a comprehensive enterprise census data (2000-2009) and also two different types of disaster measures from Vietnam: the physical intensity measures and the socioeconomic damage measures. We apply the Blundell-Bond generalized method of moments (GMM) to estimate firm level disaster impacts, and find robust evidence that natural disasters on average increase firm growth significantly. We also find stronger positive impacts in labour and output growth for more constrained firms. We argue that this occurs because financially more constrained firms substitute labour for capital during the reconstruction phase after a disaster.
Transpedicular Eggshell Osteotomies for Congenital Scoliosis Using Frameless Stereotactic Guidance

Study Design. Three cases of multiplanar congenital scoliosis corrected by a transpedicular eggshell osteotomy using frameless stereotactic guidance are reported. Objective. To show an alternative surgical technique for correcting and fusing complex congenital spinal curves. Summary of Background Data. Children with congenital scoliosis can have progressive curves causing significant multiplanar deformities. In older children, traditional approaches to spinal corrective surgery including fusion in situ, convex growth arrest, and hemivertebra excision can achieve only limited corrections. Methods. Three older patients who had congenital scoliosis with significant multiplanar curves underwent one-stage posterior transpedicular eggshell osteotomy. Three-dimensional reconstructive images and frameless stereotactic guidance were used for preoperative selection of osteotomy levels and accurate placement of pedicle screws. After completion of the osteotomy, closure was obtained with extension of the hips. Results. The average coronal correction of the major curve was 28.7° (range, 22–33°). The average correction of the plumb line or lateral displacement from the center of the trunk was 4.8 cm (range, 3–7.5 cm). A significant kyphotic deformity was corrected 38°, and a pelvic tilt was reduced from 7 to 3 cm. Conclusions. One-stage posterior reduction eggshell osteotomy can be used to correct a sagittal and/or coronal congenital spinal curve imbalance. Frameless stereotactic guidance for solid pedicle screw fixation was essential to the achievement of rigid spinal stabilization before arthrodesis. Transpedicular eggshell osteotomy is a technique that should be considered for older patients who have congenital scoliosis with multiplanar spinal abnormalities.
Central pontine myelinolysis, an update

Abstract Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) can be regarded as one of the demyelinating syndromes. First described by Adams et al. in 1959 in their chronic alcoholic patients, it has now been described in the malnourished, the chronically debilitated, the renal, the hepatic and the transplant patient among others. Pathologically, it is defined as a symmetric area of myelin disruption in the center of the basis pontis, although similar symmetric lesions have also been described occurring with CPM as well as independently in other brain areas (extrapontine myelinolysis or EPM) including the cerebellar and neocortical white/gray junctional areas, thalamus and striatum. Possible mechanisms include a hyperosmotically induced demyelination process resulting from rapid intracellular/ extracellular to intravascular water shifts producing relative glial dehydration and myelin degradation and/or oligodendroglial apoptosis. The process most often occurs during rapid rebalancing of the electrolyte parameters in the hyponatremic patient. Avoidance of CPM/EPM is dependent upon recognizing those patients with conditions pre-disposing them to osmotic myelinolysis and then moderating the rate of normalization of the electrolyte imbalance. The morbidity and mortality of CPM/EPM has been greatly reduced by recognition of pre-disposing conditions, increased understanding of the pathophysiology, intensive treatment, and rapid diagnosis and monitoring with advanced neuroimaging.
Exploration of English Language Program Undergraduate Nursing Students’ Attitudes Toward the Risks of English-French Language Discordance and Their Implementation of the Active Offer of French Language Health Services in Ontario

iv Preface . v Chapter One: Research Context . 1 Chapter Two: Literature Review . 5 Historical Context . 6 Minority Francophone Health Experiences in Canada and Ontario . 9 How do Patients Experience Language Discordance? 11 How do Nurses Experience Language Discordance? 13 Nurses’, Nursing Students’ and Nursing Professors’ Awareness of Minority Language Challenges and Active Offer . 15 Does Minority Language Proficiency Increase Active Offer Awareness? 18 Strategies to Increase French Language Services From Canadian Nurses . 19 Conclusion . 20 Chapter Three: Research Problem Statement . 21 Research Problem Statement and Purpose . 21 Theoretical Framework . 23 Chapter Four: Methods . 25 Design and Setting . 25 Sample . 25 Sampling Method . 25 Sample Size . 26 Recruitment . 27 Ethical Considerations . 28 Tool Development . 29 Development of the Survey Questions . 31 Data Collection . 34 Statistical Analysis . 35 Conclusion . 36 Chapter Five: Results . 37 Survey Response Rate . 37 Sample Demographic Characteristics . 37
Mucosal and Cellular Immune Responses to Norwalk Virus.

BACKGROUND Noroviruses are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Mucosal and cellular immune responses remain poorly understood, with most studies of noroviruses having focused on serological responses to infection. METHODS We used saliva, feces, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from persons who were administered Norwalk virus (NV) to characterize mucosal (salivary and fecal immunoglobulin A [IgA]) and cellular (NV-specific IgA and immunoglobulin G [IgG] antibody-secreting cells and total and NV-specific IgA and IgG memory B cells) immune responses following infection. RESULTS Prechallenge levels of NV-specific salivary IgA and NV-specific memory IgG cells correlated with protection from gastroenteritis, whereas prechallenge levels of NV-specific fecal IgA correlated with a reduced viral load. Antibody-secreting cell responses were biased toward IgA, while memory B-cell responses were biased toward IgG. NV-specific memory B cells but not antibody-secreting cells persisted 180 days after infection. CONCLUSIONS NV-specific salivary IgA and NV-specific memory IgG cells were identified as new correlates of protection against NV gastroenteritis. Understanding the relative importance of mucosal, cellular, and humoral immunity is important in developing vaccine strategies for norovirus disease prevention.
Lineages of oncogenic human papillomavirus types other than type 16 and 18 and risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

BACKGROUND Data on clinical outcomes of infection with variants of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types other than HPV16 and HPV18 are rare. We investigated intratypic variations in non-HPV16/18 oncogenic types and their corresponding relationships with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2-3 (CIN2/3). METHODS Study subjects were women who were positive for one or more of 11 non-HPV16/18 oncogenic types. Subjects were followed every six months for two years for detection of HPV and cervical lesions. Variant lineages were defined by sequencing the 3' part of the long control region and the entire E6/E7 region of HPV genome. Lineage-associated risk of CIN2/3 was assessed using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. RESULTS A total of 4591 type-specific HPV infections among 2667 women were included in the analysis. The increase in risk of CIN2/3 was statistically significant for women with HPV31 A or B compared with C variants, HPV33 A1 compared with B variants, HPV45 A3 or B2 compared with B1 variants, HPV56 B compared with A2 variants, and HPV58 A1 or A3 compared with C variants. For these five types, the adjusted odds ratio associated with CIN2/3 was 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5 to 2.6) for infections with single-type high-risk (HR) variants, 1.7 (95% CI = 1.0 to 2.7) for infections with two or more types but only one HR variant, and 5.3 (95% CI = 3.1 to 8.4) for infections with HR variants of two or more types as compared with those with single-type non-HR variants. The likelihood of CIN2/3 was similar for women with HPV16 infection and for those with HPV58 A1 variant infection. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that for a given HPV type, intratypic nucleotide changes may alter phenotypic traits that affect the probability of neoplasia.
Learning English (and Arabic) in Malaysian Islamic Schools: Language Use and the Construction of Identities

The Malaysian schooling system celebrates the diversity of Malaysian ethnic groups by allowing different school types to co-exist since the independence of the Federation of Malaya (now Malaysia) from British colonial rule in 1957. Whilst ideologically young Malaysians can pick and choose where they want to learn, these schools are clustered around ethnicity, language and even religion. Only the majority national schools (or sekolah kebangsaan) reflect the diversity of the ideological Malaysian ‘race’ (or bangsa Malaysia). For national type schools (or sekolah jenis kebangsaan), these are almost exclusively subscribed by Tamil speaking students who are mostly Indians or by Mandarin speaking students who are mostly Chinese. The focus of this empirical paper is on a final school type, national religious schools (or sekolah kebangsaan agama), that represents the religious ideology of the Malaysian majority race, the MalayMuslims. These are primary and secondary ‘Islamic schools’ that place heavy emphasis on Islamic education often through the medium of Arabic, for the Malay-Muslim majority in Malaysia. This paper focuses on the lived experiences of 30 first year university undergraduates who completed five to six years of secondary education in national religious schools. Data were collected from periodic focus group discussions and also written narrative ‘reflections’ of their Islamic school days with three cohorts of selected undergraduates from March 2016 to May 2017 at two university campuses in northern Malaysia. The stories they shared draw attention to how English, and to an extent Arabic language, influenced their school-based learning experiences and constructed their identities.
A Gap in Perceived Importance of Privacy Policies between Individuals and Companies

Although several studies have examined individuals’ privacy concerns and companies’ privacy policy disclosures, only a few studies examined whether customers’ privacy concerns are adequately addressed in companies’ privacy policy disclosures. This study investigates companies’ privacy policy statements and important privacy policies that individuals want to know. We examine the privacy policy statements of 136 companies from the U.S. and Canada and relate them to the results of a Web-based user survey of 210 respondents. Our findings reveal a difference in companies’ privacy policies between the U.S. and Canada and a gap between what privacy policies individuals value and what companies emphasize in their privacy policy statements.
Tetrodotoxin‐blockable calcium currents in rat ventricular myocytes; a third type of cardiac cell sodium current

1 Whole‐cell patch clamp currents from freshly isolated adult rat ventricular cells, recorded in external Ca2+ (Ca2+o) but no external Na+ (Ma4o), displayed two inward current components: a smaller component that activated over more negative potentials and a larger component (L‐type Ca2+ current) that activated at more positive potentials. The smaller component was not generated by Ca2+ channels. It was insensitive to 50 μm M2+ and 10 μm La3+, but suppressed by 10 μm tetrodotoxin (TTX). We refer to this component as ICa(TTx). 2 The conductance–voltage, g(V), relation in Ca2+o only was well described by a single Boltzmann function (half‐maximum potential, V½, of –44.5; slope factor, k, of –4.49 mV, means of 3 cells). g(V) in Ca2+o plus Na4o was better described as the sum of two Boltzmann functions, one nearly identical to that in Ca2+o only (mean V½ of –45.1 and k of – 3.90 mV), and one clearly distinct (mean V½ of –35.6 and k of –2.31 mV). Mean maximum conductance for ICa(TTX) channels increased 23.7 % on adding 1 mm Na+o to 3 mm Ca2+o. ICa(TTx) channels are permeable to Na+ ions, insensitive to Ni2+ and La3+ and blocked by TTX. They are Na+ channels. 3 I Ca(TTx) channels are distinct from classical cardiac Na+ channels. They activate and inactivate over a more negative range of potentials and have a slower time constant of inactivation than the classical Na+ channels. They are also distinct from yet another rat ventricular Na+ current component characterized by a much higher TTX sensitivity and by a persistent, non‐fast‐inactivating fraction. That ICa(TTx) channels activate over a more negative range of potentials than classical cardiac Na+ channels suggests that they may be critical for triggering the ventricular action potential and so of importance for cardiac arrhythmias.
Unpacking the Antecedents of Crowdfunding Campaign’s Success: The Effects of Social Media and Innovation Orientation

We applied a capabilities view as the theoretical underpinning to investigate the integrative role of orientation (IO) and the strategic use of social media (SSM) on a firm’s crowdfunding campaign success (CFS). We suggest that IO promotes a firm’s ability to succeed with crowdfunding campaigns, and that this relationship is mediated by the SSM. To check our contentions, we surveyed professionals from 322 firms that conducted crowdfunding campaigns. For IO and SSM, we used preexisting scales, while for CFS we created and validated our own seven‐item scale. We found that IO alone does not fully account for CFS, but rather its effect is based on a firm’s ability to SSM. Our findings contribute to the literature on strategic entrepreneurship, media strategy, and public policy.
In search of modernity : a study of the concepts of literature, authorship and notions of self in 'traditional' Malay literature

The subject of modernity has become one of great concern among scholars of Malay literature and has provoked a strong and continuous debate. There are various views and schools of thought on the origins of modernity, and particularly on the different literary figures identified as the "pioneers" of a new Malay literature and the various criteria employed to define the new or "modem" Malay literature. These differences have led to different ways of and approaches to defining and interpreting Malay literary history. This study attempts to analyse the issues raised. Initially, Abdullah Munsyi is widely acknowledged as a "pioneer" of new literary developments; but this view was later been challenged by studies which put forward other literary figures as "pioneers", e.g. Hamzah Fansuri and Salleh Perang. This study attempts to go beyond the common perception of the issues. It covers seven authors: Hamzah Fansuri, Lauddin, Ahmad Rijaluddin, Fakih Saghir, Abdullah Munsyi, Raja Ali Haji and Salleh Perang. This study focuses only on those works of the authors, namely those considered the most important and representative of their writings. Generally, this study focuses on three main aspects of the texts: the concept of literature, the concept of authorship and the notion of self, expressed explicitly and implicitly. These aspects are considered important to understand the distinctive features of these texts, and to evaluate their role in and contribution to new literary developments. Criteria and theories of modernity which have been aired with reference to literature in Malay are discussed and compared with other literary traditions and experiences, such as the Western and other Asian literary experiences, in order to interpret the meaning of "the modem" in the context of various intellectual and literary traditions. This study attempts to offer a practical definition of the concept of modernity and to make further suggestions to solve the problem of understanding the complexity of the processes of modernisation of Malay literature, and to clarify some related misconceptions. Malay literature here is treated within its proper literary, cultural and historical contexts. By recognizing its unique discourse and culture, this study aims to derive at the true form and meaning of literary modernity and, more significantly, to restore its integrity.
Sitting Bucks: Stale Pricing in Fixed Income Funds

Zero returns are widely prevalent among fixed-income funds: on over 30% of trading days, net asset values (NAVs) do not change. We show that this high prevalence of zero returns is a symptom of stale pricing by funds that exercise valuation discretion over illiquid security holdings. Further evidence indicates that a strategic unwillingness of funds to immediately reflect losses also drives stale pricing. Because of stale NAVs, fund returns are predictable at daily, weekly, and even monthly horizons. Opportunistic traders withdraw capital from overvalued funds, exacerbating the risk of fund runs, while buy-and-hold investors face annual dilution costs of around $3 billion. Our results highlight adverse consequences from insufficient fair-valuation practices that persist even after corrective regulations that followed the 2003 market-timing scandal.