Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Based on Fuzzy Bayesian Network of Oil Wharf Handling Risk Assessment

In order to make the risk assessment method of oil wharf handling more reasonable, basic data calibration method more accurate, and assessment findings more objective, the fuzzy weights of the relative probability of basic events are calibrated by ANP decision-making (Analytic Network Process). ANP decision-making is appropriate for reflecting the dependence between the basic events and the feedback relationship. The calibration value is used as the probability value of each basic event. Based on the fault tree model, the relationship between the accidents caused by the Bayesian network is constructed, and the important degree of the basic events is quantitatively evaluated. The case focuses on wharf handling gasoline fire and explosions, using ANP method to calibrate probability, and analyzing and sorting the structural importance, the probability importance, and critical degree of each basic event through forward and backward reasoning. The results showed that the evaluation model can better characterize the effect of the basic events on the top events, which can be targeted to identify security weaknesses in oil wharf handling process. It has some practical significance for finding security risks and improving working conditions and the overall system safety level.
Late Frasnian Atrypida [Brachiopoda] from Poland and the Frasnian-Famennian biotic crisis

Late Frasnian Atrypida (Brachiopoda) from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, include 15 taxa and were widely distributed in foreslope habitats of the declining Dyminy Reef complex. The Palmatolepis semichatovae transgression, followed by the transgressive/hypoxic Lower Kellwasser (KW) Event during the Palmatolepis rhenana Zone did not have catastrophic effects for atrypid faunas, but were rather associated with the appearance of a new species group comprising Iowatrypa, Waiotrypa, Costatrypa, Spinatrypina , Desquamatia and Radiatrypa. Stepdown demise of the biota started during the inter-KW regression, and culminated as a result of increasing stress during the Upper Kellwasser Event in the late Palmatolepis linguiformis Zone, mainly due to catastrophic sea level changes and anoxia, possibly linked to oceanic thermal changes (cooling) and nutrification pulses. The extinction pattern was diachronous and facies-controlled in this area, and the last atrypid survivors reached the Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) boundary. Increasing expansion from the adjacent deeper-water environment of the more resistant assemblages, with productids, cyrtospiriferids, athyridids and schizophoriids, occurred in the final crisis interval. This brachiopod fauna profusion characterized the earliest Famennian survival and early recovery phases of the mass extinction in this part of the Laurussian shelf, as well as the continuity of the deeper-water rhynchonellid-inarticulate biofacies across the F-F boundary. Spinatrypina (Exatrypa) relicta sp. n. is proposed as new.
Supersymmetry on the lattice and the status of the Super-Yang-Mills simulations

Supersymmetry (SUSY) and supersymmetric field theories are an interesting topic for numerical lattice simulations. Similar to the chiral symmetry there i s also no local realization of (interacting) supersymmetry on the lattice. I briefly review the basic reasons for the breaking of supersymmetry. One attempt to solve the problem uses a Ginsparg-Wilson relation for supersymmetry. However, apart from the free theory a solution of this relati on has so far not been found. For supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory a fine-tuning of the ba re gluino mass is enough to arrive at a supersymmetric continuum limit. The last part of this work contains a short status report of recent SYM simulations.
TOWARD RELIABLE BENCHMARKING OF SOLAR FLARE FORECASTING METHODS

Solar flares occur in complex sunspot groups, but it remains unclear how the probability of producing a flare of a given magnitude relates to the characteristics of the sunspot group. Here, we use Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite X-ray flares and McIntosh group classifications from solar cycles 21 and 22 to calculate average flare rates for each McIntosh class and use these to determine Poisson probabilities for different flare magnitudes. Forecast verification measures are studied to find optimum thresholds to convert Poisson flare probabilities into yes/no predictions of cycle 23 flares. A case is presented to adopt the true skill statistic (TSS) as a standard for forecast comparison over the commonly used Heidke skill score (HSS). In predicting flares over 24 hr, the maximum values of TSS achieved are 0.44 (C-class), 0.53 (M-class), 0.74 (X-class), 0.54 (⩾M1.0), and 0.46 (⩾C1.0). The maximum values of HSS are 0.38 (C-class), 0.27 (M-class), 0.14 (X-class), 0.28 (⩾M1.0), and 0.41 (⩾C1.0). These show that Poisson probabilities perform comparably to some more complex prediction systems, but the overall inaccuracy highlights the problem with using average values to represent flaring rate distributions.
Context, strategy and financial participation: A comparative analysis

This article investigates where financial participation is most likely to be encountered, and explores its compatibility with collective forms of employee voice. It is based on the findings of a major international survey of human resource management (HRM) practices. We found that financial participation was not affected by collective employee voice, but that national context and associated HRM strategies had significant effects on its nature and extent. As financial participation is likely to make for greater variation in wage rates, it tends to weaken industry-level bargaining. By re-casting the fundamental determinants of wages, it is also likely to facilitate greater wage dispersion within the firm. Hence, it was found that financial participation is more commonly encountered in liberal market contexts, and in firms practising calculative HRM, where countervailing employee power is weak, whether or not collective bargaining is formally present.
Citizenship Regimes and the Politicization of Immigrant Groups

Previous research has examined the various ways individuals and organizations react to immigration. This article explores how immigrants and their integration are debated across citizenship regimes, with a focus on ‘voiceless’ groups without formal franchise and a precarious residence status: asylum seekers, refugees, and irregular immigrants. A yearly measure of citizenship regimes is used together with a large-scale claims analysis of newspapers from seven Western European countries between 1995 and 2009 to systematically describe the relative frequency of and frames in different claims by political actors. The debate on immigration and integration varies by citizenship regime, including the way immigrant groups are referred to. Having an ethnic citizenship regime is associated with more claims about voiceless immigrant groups. At the same time, the association between immigrant group size and the extent to which immigrant groups are politicized is moderated by the citizenship regime. Debates on immigrants and their integration vary across citizenship regimes.
Migration Experiences and Changes of Identity. The Analysis of a Narrative

Dieser Artikel basiert auf der Analyse eines autobiographisch-narrativen Interviews mit einer Turkin, die in Deutschland lebt. Ich analysiere den Prozess von Identitatsveranderungen, der von den Migrationserfahrungen der Erzahlerin gepragt ist. Er hat mindestens zwei Aspekte: Der eine Aspekt betrifft die kulturellen Wurzeln der Erzahlerin. Neue Erfahrungen haben ihr Selbstbild als Frau verandert. Ein zweiter Aspekt bezieht sich auf den Lebensablauf der Erzahlerin. Die Erzahlung zeigt, wie aus einem naiven Madchen eine erwachsene und unabhangige Frau geworden ist. Frau zu sein wird mithilfe von Kategorien definiert, die zur westlichen Kultur gehoren. Der Migrationsprozess ist daher mit dem Verlust kulturell gepragter Formen der Identitatsbeschreibung der Erzahlerin verbunden. In der Folge wird sie eine Fremde in ihrem Heimatland, aber sie bleibt auch eine Fremde in dem Land, in das sie gezogen war. Ich analysiere, wie die Erzahlerin an diesem Problem arbeitet. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0303215
Unravelling ground stone life histories> the spatial organization of stone tools and human activities at LN Makriyalos, Greece

Unlike previous studies of ground stone technology in the Greek Neolithic, this paper follows a more contextualised approach by looking at contexts of deposition of ground stone from Late Neolithic Makriyalos, Northern Greece. The patterns attested in the distribution of ground stone objects between domestic and communal areas will be discussed in terms of the spatial and social contexts of tool use, curation and deposition, contributing to wider discussions about the way acts of production, consumption and discard were structured within different contexts of social practice.
Pathologies and mortality rates caused by organic carbon and nutrient stressors in three Caribbean coral species

Anthropogenic inputs, including organic carbon and nutrient loading, are increasingly changing the water quality on coral reefs. Herein we show that treating Montastraea annularis, Agaricia tenuifolia and Porites furcata with various organic carbon sources (starch, lactose, arabinose and mannose) results in different species-specific and carbon-specific pathologies and rates of mortality. The variation in the pathological characteristics caused by stressors showed that visual cues for determining coral health and disease may be misleading. The probability of mortality increased significantly over time with continual exposure to several of the stressors, suggesting that chronic stressors may be more harmful than acute stressors. In contrast to the organic carbon sources, high concentrations of nutrients (phosphate, ammonium and nitrate) did not directly kill corals. The variation in coral responses to anthropogenic stressors means that changes on disturbed coral reefs will depend on the type of and duration of exposure to the stressor, as well as on the species of coral.
EFFECTS OF ATTRIBUTE FRAMING AND GOAL FRAMING ON VACCINATION BEHAVIOR : EXAMINATION OF MESSAGE CONTENT AND ISSUE INVOLVEMENT ON ATTITUDES , INTENTIONS AND INFORMATION SEEKING by RUSTAM HAYDAROV

This experimental research adopts a typology of frames by Levin, Gaeth, and Schneider (1998) and seeks to a) determine what combination of attribute and goal frames produces the strongest effect on vaccination behavior; b) ascertain to what extent personal relevance of vaccination moderates this framing effect; and c) explore how individual pre-existing characteristics, such as recent vaccination history, vaccine risk perception, vaccine dread, and general attitude toward vaccination influence the persuasive power of framed messages. The study, designed as field experiment 2 (+/attribute frame) x 2 (+/goal frame) x 2 (involvement), recruited 476 adult female participants that were exposed online to four experimental framing manipulations and a control condition. The main effect is consistent with the typology of frames — the combination of the positive attribute and the negative goal frame was the only condition that was significantly more persuasive than the control condition. Participants who had children or were pregnant, for whom vaccination was more relevant and meaningful, have not reacted to message framing differently. However, general pre-existing attitudes towards vaccines, perception of vaccine safety, perception of vaccine efficacy, vaccine dread, and vicarious experience with vaccine side effects, appear to be associated with antecedents of vaccination behavior. Overall, this study has focused on ecological validity, aiming at the applicability of framing theory in the context of health communication.
Unconscious sources of familiarity can be strategically excluded in support of conscious task demands.

What factors contribute to subjective experiences of familiarity, and are these subject to unconscious selection? We investigated the circumstances under which judgments of familiarity are sensitive to task-irrelevant sources using the artificial grammar learning paradigm, a task known to be heavily reliant on familiarity-based responding. In 2 experiments, we manipulated ‘free-floating feelings of familiarity’ by subliminally priming participants with either a subjectively familiar stimulus (their surname) or unfamiliar stimulus (a random letter string). In Experiment 1, after training on an artificial grammar, participants were required to rate the familiarity of a new set of grammar strings where the subliminal priming manipulation preceded each rating. Under these instructions the manipulation significantly altered ratings of familiarity. In Experiment 2, the training, the request for familiarity ratings, and the subliminal manipulation were all unchanged. In addition, however, participants were informed about the presence of rules dictating the structure of the training strings and were required to judge both whether each test-string conformed to those rules and to report the basis for their judgment. This broader decision context eliminated the effect of subliminal primes on ratings of familiarity even when participants’ reported basis for their judgments revealed no conscious knowledge of the rule structure. These results demonstrate that unconscious sources of familiarity can be selected or excluded according to conscious task contexts. The findings are incompatible with theories that equate familiarity with automaticity and those that state people must always be aware of the structural antecedents of metacognition.
Periodized Strength Training: A Critical Review

Variation or periodization of training is an important concept in designing weight-training programs. To date, the majority of studies examining periodization of weight training have used a traditional strength/power training model of decreasing training volume and increasing training intensity as the program progresses. The majority of these studies have used males as subjects and do support the contention that periodized programs can result in greater changes in strength, motor performance, total body weight, lean body mass, and percent body fat than nonperiodized programs. However, studies are needed examining why periodized training is more beneficial than nonperiodized training. Studies are also needed examining the response of females, children, and seniors to periodized weight-training programs and the response to periodized models other than the traditional strength/power training model.
Characterizing young protostellar disks with the CALYPSO IRAM-PdBI survey: large Class 0 disks are rare

Context. Understanding the formation mechanisms of protoplanetary disks and multiple systems and also their pristine properties are key questions for modern astrophysics. The properties of the youngest disks, embedded in rotating infalling protostellar envelopes, have largely remained unconstrained up to now. Aims. We aim to observe the youngest protostars with a spatial resolution that is high enough to resolve and characterize the progenitors of protoplanetary disks. This can only be achieved using submillimeter and millimeter interferometric facilities. In the framework of the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer survey CALYPSO, we have obtained subarcsecond observations of the dust continuum emission at 231 and 94 GHz for a sample of 16 solar-type Class 0 protostars. Methods. In an attempt to identify disk-like structures embedded at small scales in the protostellar envelopes, we modeled the dust continuum emission visibility profiles using Plummer-like envelope models and envelope models that include additional Gaussian disk-like components. Results. Our analysis shows that in the CALYPSO sample, 11 of the 16 Class 0 protostars are better reproduced by models including a disk-like dust continuum component contributing to the flux at small scales, but less than 25% of these candidate protostellar disks are resolved at radii >60 au. Including all available literature constraints on Class 0 disks at subarcsecond scales, we show that our results are representative: most (>72% in a sample of 26 protostars) Class 0 protostellar disks are small and emerge only at radii <60 au. We find a multiplicity fraction of the CALYPSO protostars ≲57% ± 10% at the scales 100–5000 au, which generally agrees with the multiplicity properties of Class I protostars at similar scales. Conclusions. We compare our observational constraints on the disk size distribution in Class 0 protostars to the typical disk properties from protostellar formation models. If Class 0 protostars contain similar rotational energy as is currently estimated for prestellar cores, then hydrodynamical models of protostellar collapse systematically predict a high occurrence of large disks. Our observations suggest that these are rarely observed, however. Because they reduce the centrifugal radius and produce a disk size distribution that peaks at radii <100 au during the main accretion phase, magnetized models of rotating protostellar collapse are favored by our observations.
Parental Involvement in the Individual Educational Program for Israeli Students with Disabilities.

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study is to achieve an understanding of the perceptions and experiences of Israeli parents of students with severe disabilities about their involvement in the Individual Education Program (IEP) process. Data collection in this study involved interviewing 20 parents whose children study in special education schools in the Tel Aviv area in Israel. Through analysis of parents‘ responses, two main themes related to the involvement of parents in the IEP process become apparent: A child-centered focus and parents‘ self-efficacy. Positive parentteacher collaboration enhanced the sense of parents‘ efficacy with respect to the IEP process and resulted in plans that were individualized to students‘ needs. The main conclusion of the research is parental involvement and the collaboration of parents with teachers is a process that teachers and parents must nourish daily. Parental involvement and effective parent-teacher collaboration in the IEPs of students with severe disabilities is founded on relationships of trust and positive communication between families and schools.
The Large, the Small and the Human Mind by Roger Penrose. Cambridge University Press, 1997, xviii + 185 pp. £14.95

From the Publisher: Roger Penrose's views on the large-scale physics of the universe, the small-scale world of quantum physics and the physics of the mind are controversial and widely discussed. The Large, the Small and the Human Mind is a fascinating and accessible summary of Roger Penrose's current thinking on those areas of physics in which he feels there are major unresolved problems. It is also a stimulating introduction to the radically new concepts which he believes will be fruitful in understanding the workings of the brain and the nature of the human mind.
Current prevalence of falciparum malarial infection among HIV patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in university of Uyo teaching hospital, Uyo Nigeria

Background: Malaria and HIV remain two leading causes of morbidity and mortality to patients in developing African countries. Both infectious diseases have been documented to account for an enormous morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. The geographical overlap in sub-Saharan Africa and South America has led to similarities in co-infection with Plasmodium and HIV, this has resulted in the quick progression and severity of both diseases particularly among the poor, and contributes to the poverty of sub-Saharan African nations by taking a toll on young people who contribute greatly to the workforce of the economy. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of malarial infection in HIV patients receiving high active antiretroviral therapy in university Uyo teaching hospital, Uyo Nigeria.Methods: A predesigned structured questionnaire was administered to collect bio data and socio-demographic characteristics from the participants consisting 35 HIV infected adult patients and 32 non HIV infected adults as controls. All HIV patients were receiving HAART during this study. The HAART regimens used by HIV infected patients consist of zidovudine, lamivudine, efavirenze, and nevirapine.Results: About 5 (14.2%) HIV patients on HAART had falciparum malaria. No falciparum malaria was detected in HIV negative participants. Of the five positive malaria cases detected in HIV patients, 8.5% were females and 5.7% were males.Conclusions: There was no significant difference of malaria parasite infection by gender (P = 0.88), age group (P = 0.17), and CD4+ count (O.R:1.0, P = 0.81).
The Role of Relative Humidity in Radiative–Convective Equilibrium

Abstract The following conditions are derived for the existence of a radiation limit of tropospheric origin in a nongray atmosphere, extending the work on a gray atmosphere by Nakajima et al.: 1) the atmosphere must become sufficiently optically thick, and 2) the temperature must become only a function of optical depth at each frequency, independent of surface temperature. The first condition is satisfied at high temperatures even in a window region as long as there is weak but nonzero absorption, because the optical depth of the entire atmosphere roughly scales as saturation vapor pressure. At high temperatures, the pseudoadiabatic temperature structure asymptotes to the saturation vapor pressure curve, satisfying the second condition at each frequency. A rapidly decreasing vertical gradient of water vapor mixing ratio allows temperature to asymptote faster in optical depth coordinates than in pressure coordinates. Analyses using a radiative–convective model show that interactive relative humidity can gi.
Comparing the impacts of 2003 and 2010 heatwaves in NPP over Europe

In the last decade, Europe was stricken by two outstanding heatwaves, the 2003 event in Western Europe and the recent 2010 episode over Russia. Both extreme events were characterised by record-breaking temperatures, and widespread socio-economic impacts, including signiﬁcant increments on mortality rates, decreases in crop produc-5 tion and in hydroelectric production. This work aims to assess the inﬂuence of both mega-heatwaves on vegetation carbon uptake, using yearly Net Primary Production (NPP) and monthly Net Photosynthesis (PsN) data derived from satellite imagery obtained from MODIS for the period 2000–2011.
Land‐use and meteorological aspects of the urban heat island

This study examines the influence of urban and meteorological factors on the surface air temperature field of the medium‐sized city of Szeged, Hungary, using mobile and stationary measurements under different weather conditions between March and August 1999. This city, with a population of about 160 000, is situated on a low, flat flood plain. Efforts have been concentrated on investigating the maximum development of the urban heat island (UHI). Tasks include the determination of the spatial distribution of seasonal mean maximum UHI intensity and modelling of existing conditions in the period being studied. Multiple correlation and regression analyses are used to examine the effects of urban parameters (land‐use characteristics and distance from the city centre determined in a grid network) and of meteorological parameters (wind speed, temperature) on thermal conditions in the study area. The results indicate isotherms increasing in regular concentric shapes from the suburbs towards the inner urban areas where the mean maximum UHI intensity reaches more than 3°C in the studied periods. A strong relationship exists between urban thermal excess and distance, as well as built‐up ratio. In contrast, meteorological conditions do not have any significant effect on the UHI intensity at the time of its maximum development. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society