Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insomnia and sleep duration in a large cohort of patients with major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders.

OBJECTIVE Disturbed sleep has a high impact on daily functioning and has been correlated with psychopathology. We investigated the extent to which insomnia and sleep duration were associated with both current and remitted depressive and anxiety disorders in a large-scale epidemiologic study, taking sociodemographics, health factors, and medication use into account. METHOD Data of 2,619 individuals from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) were analyzed. Psychopathology was classified as no, current, or remitted DSM-IV-based diagnosis of major depressive or anxiety disorder. Outcome measures were insomnia (Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale score >or= 9) and sleep duration (<or= 6 hours, 7-9 hours, >or= 10 hours). Baseline measurement was conducted between September 2004 and February 2007. RESULTS Both current and remitted depressive disorder and current anxiety disorder were associated with insomnia and short sleep duration with odds ratios (ORs) for insomnia ranging from 1.42 to 3.23 and for short sleep duration ranging from 1.41 to 2.53. Associations were stronger for current than for remitted diagnoses and stronger for depressive than for anxiety disorders. Also long sleep duration was associated with current depressive disorder and anxiety disorders (OR range, 1.53-2.66). Sociodemographic factors, health indicators, and psychotropic medication use did contribute to sleep outcomes but could not explain much of the psychopathology and sleep associations. CONCLUSION Depressive disorder-but also anxiety disorder-is strongly associated with sleep disturbances. Insomnia and short sleep duration persist after remittance of these disorders, suggesting that these are residual symptoms or possibly trait markers. Also, long sleep duration is associated with current depressive or anxiety disorders.
Chronic aristolochic acid toxicity in rabbits: a model of Chinese herbs nephropathy?

BACKGROUND Chinese herbs nephropathy (CHN) is a new type of subacute interstitial nephritis that is attributed to aristolochic acid (AA), which inadvertently has been included in slimming pills. The contribution of other simultaneously prescribed drugs remains disputed. In the present study, the effects of a chronic intake of AA given as a single drug was evaluated through renal histology and function in rabbits. METHODS Female New Zealand White rabbits were injected intraperitoneally with either 0.1 mg AA/kg or with saline 5 days a week for 17 to 21 months. Body weight, renal function, and urinary excretion of glucose and low molecular weight proteins were monitored prior to sacrifice at the end of the study period. RESULTS All animals given AA developed renal hypocellular interstitial fibrosis, which was classified into three patterns. Fibrosis was confined to medullary rays (MRs) in pattern I (N = 3), extended to the outer cortical labyrinth (OCL) in pattern II (N = 2), and eventually to the inner cortical labyrinth (ICL) in pattern III (N = 6). Fibrosis in MR and OCL was associated with mainly proximal tubular epithelial cell flattening. All treated animals displayed urothelial atypia. Three of them also developed tumors of the urinary tract. No significant pathologic changes were found in control rabbits. AA-treated animals differed from controls by an impaired growth, increased serum creatinine, glucosuria, tubular proteinuria, and anemia. CONCLUSION The observed pattern of renal histopathological lesions and disorders of the renal function, as well as urothelial atypia and malignancy, are very reminiscent of CHN. Our observations therefore support a causal role of AA alone in the genesis of this new nephropathy.
Parental divorce and adult children's attachment representations and marital status

The purpose of this study was to explore adult attachment as a means of understanding the intergenerational transmission of divorce, that is, the propensity for the children of divorce to end their own marriages. Participants included 157 couples assessed 3 months prior to their weddings and 6 years later. Participants completed the Adult Attachment Interview and questionnaires about their relationships, and were videotaped with their partners in a couple interaction task. Results indicated that, in this sample, adult children of divorce were not more likely to divorce within the first 6 years of marriage. However, parental divorce increased the likelihood of having an insecure adult attachment status. For women, age at the time of their parents' divorce was related to adult attachment status, and the influence on attachment representations may be more enduring. Among adult children of divorce, those who were classified as secure in their attachment representations were less likely to divorce in the early years of marriage than insecure participants.
CYP3A polymorphisms and immunosuppressive drugs in solid-organ transplantation

Most immunosuppressive drugs have a narrow therapeutic index and large interpatient variabilities in their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. Identification of functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding for drug metabolizing enzymes has great potential to improve the drug efficacy and safety profiles, since these genetic factors may be important biomarkers for individualization of immunosuppressive therapy. This article summarizes current knowledge regarding the impact of CYP3A polymorphisms on immunosuppressive drug pharmacokinetics. Many retrospective studies have shown a clear relationship between CYP3A5*1/*3 polymorphism and tacrolimus pharmacokinetics, while the influence of CYP3A5*1/*3 or CYP3A4*/*1B on ciclosporin and sirolimus exposure are still questionable. CYP3A polymorphisms may partially contribute to the clinical variability of the enzyme-mediated drug interactions. Drug–drug interactions may also influence the phenotypic consequence of CYP3A polymorphisms. Population pharmacodynamic/kinetic/genomic modeling was proposed as an emerging and promising approach to quantitatively explore the contribution of genetic polymorphisms to the large interpatient variability in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of immunosuppressive drugs. Prospective, randomized studies in large patient populations are needed to further clarify the genetic effects of CYP3A on immunosuppressive drug exposure and response.
Association between mitochondrial DNA 10398A>G polymorphism and the volume of amygdala

Mitochondrial calcium regulation plays a number of important roles in neurons. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is highly polymorphic, and its interindividual variation is associated with various neuropsychiatric diseases and mental functions. An mtDNA polymorphism, 10398A>G, was reported to affect mitochondrial calcium regulation. Volume of hippocampus and amygdala is reportedly associated with various mental disorders and mental functions and is regarded as an endophenotype of mental disorders. The present study investigated the relationship between the mtDNA 10398A>G polymorphism and the volume of hippocampus and amygdala in 118 right‐handed healthy subjects. The brain morphometry using magnetic resonance images employed both manual tracing volumetry in the native space and voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) in the spatially normalized space. Amygdala volume was found to be significantly larger in healthy subjects with 10398A than in those with 10398G by manual tracing, which was confirmed by the VBM. Brain volumes in the other gray matter regions and all white matter regions showed no significant differences associated with the polymorphism. These provocative findings might provide a clue to the complex relationship between mtDNA, brain structure and mental disorders.
Self-assembled diacetylene molecular wire polymerization on an insulating hexagonal boron nitride (0001) surface

The electrical characterization of single-polymer chains on a surface is an important step towards novel molecular device development. The main challenge is the lack of appropriate atomically flat insulating substrates for fabricating single-polymer chains. Here, using atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate that the (0001) surface of an insulating hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrate leads to a flat-lying self-assembled monolayer of diacetylene compounds. The subsequent heating or ultraviolet irradiation can initiate an on-surface polymerization process leading to the formation of long polydiacetylene chains. The frequency of photo-polymerization occurrence on h-BN(0001) is two orders of magnitude higher than that on graphite(0001). This is explained by the enhanced lifetime of the molecular excited state, because relaxation via the h-BN is suppressed due to a large band gap. We also demonstrate that on-surface polymerization on h-BN(0001) is possible even after the lithography process, which opens up the possibility of further electrical investigations.
Non‐adherence to immunosuppressive medication in renal transplant recipients within the scope of the integrative model of behavioral prediction: a cross‐sectional study

Schmid‐Mohler G, Pechula Thut M, Wüthrich RP, Denhaerynck K, De Geest S. Non‐adherence to immunosuppressive medication in renal transplant recipients within the scope of the integrative model of behavioral prediction: a cross‐sectional study. Clin Transplant 2009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2009. 01056.x © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Bone physiology in human grafted and non-grafted extraction sockets--an immunohistochemical study.

PURPOSE The aim of the present immunohistological investigation was to define and compare the osteogenic potential with the vascularization of the provisional matrix in grafted and ungrafted extraction sockets after 4 and 12 weeks of healing. METHODS A total of 33 Patients (15 women, 18 men) with 65 extraction sites with a mean age of 54.4 years (30-73 years) participated in this study. After tooth extraction, the sockets were augmented with Bio-Oss collagen or non-augmented. At implant placement after 4 or 12 weeks bone biopsies were obtained. Within the specimens the osteogenic and endothelial potential of mesenchymal cells was analyzed in the provisional matrix using immunohistochemical analysis with three monoclonal antibodies Cbfa1/Runx2, Osteocalcin (OC), and CD31. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient, and the two-factorial analysis for repeated measurements. RESULTS Of the 65 extraction sockets, 25 (13 non-augmented, 12 augmented) sites after 4 weeks healing time and 40 (19 non-augmented, 21 augmented) sites after 12 weeks healing time were involved in the study. No signs of acute or chronic inflammation were noted in any specimens. After 4 weeks, a median amount of 56% (10-85%) of Cbfa1 positive cells and a median amount of cells expressing OC of 21% (5-42%) were measured. A median CD31 score of 5 was observed. After 12 weeks, a median amount of 61% (19-90%) positive cells expressed by Cbfa1/Runx2 staining a median amount of OC positive cells of 9% (2-17%) was measured. The results at 12 weeks revealed a median score of CD31 positive cells of 3. DISCUSSION Osteoblastic activity in the provisional matrix was highest after 4 weeks of healing period. The active zone of bone formation is found in the apical region of the extraction socket during the early healing phase, shifting to the coronal region after 12 weeks. A peak of osteoblast activity within the first weeks is followed by a reduction in mature osteoblasts with osteoblasts remaining in an inactive stage. The vascularity changed in likewise fashion to the maturation of osteoblasts within the observation period. The results have shown that with increasing age a decreasing endothelial potential was observed not after 4 weeks, but after 12 weeks, thus it suggests that angiogenesis is diminished in older patients in the later phase of healing in extraction sockets.
House dust mite exposure as a cause of asthma

It is well known that inhalation of an allergen is capable of inducing wheeze in a sensitized individual. But the idea that allergen exposure is a primary cause of asthma has encountered opposition. Recent advances have made it possible to study the relationship between house dust mite allergen exposure and asthma [reviewed in i]. These include the purification of the major allergens [2], the development of ELISA techniques which have facilitated allergen measurement [3] and a series of epidemiological studies from many parts of the world. In this article, we review the infonnation from diverse studies which when combined strongly suggests that exposure to allergens is an important cause of asthma. We focus on the evidence related to house dust mite allergens because it is the most complete. However there are a number of other inhaled allergens which are of importance in individual cases, in certain geographic areas or at specific times of the year. The implication from these studies is that the primary cause of asthma, especially the asthma occurring in children and young adults, is inhalation of allergens. For an allergen to have a clinical effect, prior sensitization must have occurred. Sensitization requires the combination of an innate ability to respond and exposure. Immediate sensitivity, characterized by IgE antibody production, is part of the immune response to these proteins, which also involves antigen presenting cells, T cells, B cells and other effector ceils. Exposure of a nonsensitized individual to even large quantities of an allergen will not provoke symptoms, whereas a sensitized individual is capable of reacting to extraordinarily small concentrations of allergens, i.e. in the picogram range. Immediate sensitivity can be measured by either the level of allergen specific IgE antibody or by skin testing [4,5,6]. The development of asthma can be considered to consist of two distinct processes: (i) a period resulting in sensitization followed by (ii) exposure of the sensitized person resulting in inflammation and ciinical wheeze. This latter process was elegantly referred to as 'excitement' in the early literature. The presence of inflammation may make the lung more sensitive not only to the specific allergen
Exploiting CCTV camera system for advanced passenger services on-board trains

This work proposes to exploit the on-board closed-circuit television (CCTV) security system to enable advanced services not only for surveillance, but also for safety, automatic climate control, e-ticketing. The new system has minimal hardware and installation cost overheads, since it exploits the already installed CCTV cameras. In addition, for each wagon, an embedded acquisition and processing node (EAP) is used, composed by a video multiplexer, and by a digital signal processor that implements algorithms for advanced services such as: smoke detection, to give an early alarm in case of a fire, or people detection for people counting, or fatigue detection for the driver. The information is then transmitted from each EAP node to the train information system. The final terminals can be the tablets of the train staff, and/or visualization displays in each wagon in case of fire alarms for the passengers.
Deepening democratisation? Exploring the declared motives for “late” lustration in Poland

ABSTRACT Lustration was one of, if not the, most important and controversial transitional justice methods to be used in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe, and Poland is an archetypal case of late and recurring lustration. Many of the attempts in the literature to tackle such changes of lustration trajectory divide between those who focus on the partisan and electoral-strategic drivers of its protagonists, and those who ascribe more ideological-programmatic motives to them. The re-emergence of the lustration issue in the Polish case was entwined with broader debates about the quality of post-communist democracy more generally and often felt to be indicative of the need to deepen the democratisation process.
Comparison of Once-Daily Subcutaneous Fragmin® with Continuous Intravenous Unfractionated Heparin in the Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis

Summary Two hundred and four consecutive patients with venographically confirmed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were randomised either to a low molecular weight heparin, Fragmin®, administered subcutaneously (s.c.) once daily as a fixed dose of 200IU anti-factor Xa/kg or to continuous intravenous infusion of unfractionated heparin (UFH). The UFH dose was adjusted to maintain the activated partial thromboplastin time between 1.5 and 3.0 times the upper limit of the reference value at each centre. Fragmin® or UFH was given for a minimum of 5 days until anticoagulation with warfarin, given from day 1, was established (i. e. an International Normalised Ratio, of 2.0−3.0). A second venogram was obtained after Fragmin® or UFH treatment. There were no significant differences in the change in mean Marder score before and after treatment between the two treatment groups, irrespective of thrombus localisation. No major bleeding events, symptomatic pulmonary embolism, symptomatic thrombosis progression or death occurred during hospitalisation. Eight documented venous thromboembolic events occurred before the follow-up visit 6 months after randomisation: 5 in patients treated with Fragmin® and 3 in those treated with UFH. Six of these events occurred after cessation of warfarin treatment. In conclusion Fragmin® given s.c. once daily in a fixed dose adjusted for body weight, is no less effective or safe than a continuous infusion of UFH in the initial treatment of acute DVT.
Diagnostic Accuracy of IgA Anti‐Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody Assays in Celiac Disease Patients with Selective IgA Deficiency

Abstract: Clinical studies have estimated a 10‐ to 20‐fold increased risk for celiac disease (CD) in patients with selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD). For this reason, screening for CD is mandatory in SIgAD patients, but it represents a special challenge since the specific IgA class antibodies against gliadin (AGA), endomysium (EMA), and tissue‐transglutaminase (tTG) are not produced in patients with CD. IgG class counterparts of these antibodies may be informative; in particular IgG EMA has been demonstrated to be a valid marker for diagnosing CD in SIgAD cases, but it is not used much in clinical laboratories, because it is cumbersome and involves some technical difficulties. Even if it was widely used in clinical laboratories, the measuring of IgG AGA has shown a less‐than‐optimum diagnostic accuracy, so that now it tends to be substituted by tests for anti‐tTG IgG, for which the few available studies have shown diagnostic performances superior to AGA. Since it is not known whether various available methods for measuring IgG anti‐tTG antibodies offer similar diagnostic performances, we have compared the results obtained from nine second‐generation commercial methods (D‐tek, Phadia, Immco, Orgentec, Radim, Euroimmun, Inova, Aesku, Generic Assays), measuring IgG anti‐tTG antibodies in 20 patients with CD and SIgAD and in 113 controls (9 patients with SIgAD without CD, 54 patients with chronic liver disease, and 50 healthy individuals). Diagnostic sensitivity, calculated by means of ROC plot analysis, ranged between 75% and 95%, and specificity ranged from 94% to 100%. In the same population, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of AGA IgG were 40% and 87%, respectively. Even though they perform differently, all IgG anti‐tTG methods evaluated are reliable serological assays for the diagnosis of CD in SIgAD patients, with diagnostic accuracy superior to the AGA IgG method. The methods that use a mix of tTG and gliadin peptides as the antigenic preparation have a specificity slightly lower than that of the methods that use only tTG.
Human factors and behavioral science: Statistical semantics: Analysis of the potential performance of key-word information systems

This paper examines how imprecision in the way humans name things might limit how well a computer can guess to what they are referring. People were asked to name things in a variety of domains: instructions for text-editing operations, index words for cooking recipes, categories for “want ads,” and descriptions of common objects. We found that random pairs of people used the same word for an object only 10 to 20 percent of the time. But we also found that hit rates could be increased threefold by using norms on naming to pick optimal names, by recognizing as many of the users' various words as possible, and by allowing the user and the system several guesses in trying to hit upon the desired target.
Running economy of African and Caucasian distance runners.

PURPOSE Anecdotal evidence suggests an advantageous physiological endowment of the African endurance athlete. Higher fractional utilization of VO2max has been suggested but not measured directly, and investigations of running economy have been inconclusive. The aim of the current study was to measure a) running economy and b) fractional utilization of VO2max, in African and Caucasian 10-km runners of similar body mass. METHODS Eight African and eight Caucasian runners had no significant difference in mean race time (32.8 +/- 2.8, 32.0 +/- 2.5 min, respectively), body mass (61.4 +/- 7.0, 64.9 +/- 3.0 kg), age, body fat, or lean thigh volume. Caucasian runners were 6 cm taller (P < 0.05). Subjects completed a progressive treadmill VO2peak test. On a separate day, subjects completed two 6-min workloads (16.1 km x h(-1) and 10-km race pace) separated by 5 min. RESULTS Mean VO2peak was 13% lower in the Africans (61.9 +/- 6.9, 69.9 +/- 5.4 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1), P = 0.01). At 16.1 km x h(-1), the Africans were 5% more economical (47.3 +/- 3.2, 49.9 +/- 2.4 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.05). This difference increased to 8% (P < 0.01) when standardized per kg(0.66). At race pace, the Africans utilized a higher %VO2peak (92.2 +/- 3.7, 86.0 +/- 4.8%, P < 0.01) and had higher HR (185 +/- 9, 174 +/- 11 b x min(-1), P < 0.05) and plasma [ammonia] (113.2 +/- 51, 60.3 +/- 16.9 micromol x L(-1), P < 0.05). Despite the higher relative workload, the plasma [lactate] was not different (5.2 +/- 2.0, 4.2 +/- 1.7 mmol x L(-1), NS). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates greater running economy and higher fractional utilization of VO2peak in African distance runners. Although not elucidating the origin of these differences, the findings may partially explain the success of African runners at the elite level.
Leveraging Social Protection Programs for Improved Nutrition: Summary of Evidence Prepared for the Global Forum on Nutrition-Sensitive Social Protection Programs, 2015

The global forum on nutrition-sensitive social protection programs, convened by securenutrition and the Russian Federation, brought together 150 donors, implementers, and country leaders to identify practical ways to link the nutrition and social protection agendas. This paper served as a springboard for discussion at the global forum, and represents a synthesis of evidence from nearly 120 references with a heavy focus on program evaluations. The reach of social protection programs has grown extensively since the 1980s. Recent World Bank estimates show 64 countries running conditional cash transfers as opposed to only two in 1997 and the rapid doubling of countries in Africa implementing unconditional cash transfers - from 20 to 40 in just the last five years. This paper finds that social protection transfers tend to increase household budget devoted to food - often more than other income sources - and highlights evidence that transfers can change diet composition and quality. At the same time, the overall effects of income on nutrition outcomes are not clear and vary by country experience and across studies. Evidence indicates that knowledge of proper hygiene and feeding practices does not necessarily increase alongside purchasing power, hence the rationale to specifically encourage or program behavioral change communication.