Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-bump solutions of � u D K . x / u n C 2 n � 2 on lattices in R n

We consider the following semilinear elliptic equation with critical exponent: u D K.x/u nC2 n 2 ; u > 0 in R; where n 3, K > 0 is periodic in . x1; : : : ; xk/ with 1 k < n 2 2 . Under some natural conditions on K near a critical point, we prove the existence of multi-bump solutions where the centers of bumps can be placed in some lattices in R , including infinite lattices. We also show that for k n 2 2 , no such solutions exist.
Textural Segmentation of High-Resolution Sidescan Sonar Images

Abstract : The collection of high-frequency (455 kHz) sidescan data from tactical sonars used in mine countermeasures (MCM) is typically for the purpose of object and clutter identification. The large amounts of high-frequency high-resolution sidescan imagery are also a potential source of data for environmental battlespace characterization. The high resolution of the 455 kHz sonar imagery also provides much information about the surficial bottom sediments, however their acoustic scattering properties are not well understood at high frequencies. Textural characteristics of the high-resolution imagery are therefore used to represent the different scattering properties of various sediment types. The fusion of this data with collateral seafloor information from other tactical sensors or databases can be used for classification. The operational goal is to use the sidescan-derived features with a vertical-incidence sediment classifier to infer sediment properties at angles off of vertical incidence that can then be used in mine burial prediction models, acoustic performance models, and survey planning.
Screening for the Polyomaviruses BKV, JCV and SV40 in Pediatric Malignancies

Different studies suggested an oncogenic potential of the polyomaviruses JC virus, BK virus and simian virus 40, particularly in brain tumors and neuroblastoma, which belong to the most frequent malignancies in children. However, currently available data are controversial, possibly due to the different regional prevalence of the viruses and the detection techniques used. To elucidate the presence of these polyomaviruses in the indicated tumor entities and in childhood cancer in general, we have investigated a broad spectrum of pediatric malignancies, with particular emphasis on neuroblastoma from different geographic regions. More than 500 diagnostic specimens derived from 16 different pediatric cancer entities including solid tumors, leukemias and lymphomas were screened by highly sensitive and specific real-time quantitative PCR assays targeting important viral domains such as the large T-antigen, small T-antigen and virus protein 1. To ensure adequate power of the analysis, a minimum of 30 specimens were analyzed in each tumor entity. The vast majority of tumors investigated revealed negative findings, with only anecdotal presence of JC virus large/small T-antigen in individual cases of acute myeloid leukemia (1/30) and oligodendroglioma (1/30). Moreover, within a total of 111 neuroblastoma samples from different European countries, only a single case from Spain tested positive for BKV sequences. Our observations therefore reveal no evidence for the common presence of JC virus, BK virus or simian virus 40 in tumor tissue of pediatric malignancies and, in contrast to some earlier reports, provide no suggestion for an association between persistent infection with these viruses and childhood cancer.
Towards a census of the Galactic anticentre star clusters – II. Exploring lower overdensities

We investigate the nature of 48 low-level stellar overdensities (from Froebrich, Scholz and Raftery catalogue – FSR07) projected towards the Galactic anticentre and derive fundamental parameters for the confirmed clusters, thus improving the open cluster (OC) census in that direction. Parameters are derived with field-star decontaminated photometry, colour–magnitude filters and stellar radial density profiles. Among the 48 targets, we identified 18 star clusters, six previously studied OCs and seven probable clusters that require deeper photometry to establish the nature. We discovered seven new clusters, six of them forming an association of clusters with BPI 14, FSR 777, Kronberger 1 and Stock 8 in the region of the nebula IC 417 and related to the Aur OB2 association, and one embedded in the nebula Sh2-229. We also derive parameters for these three non-FSR07 clusters, because they are important in determining the structure of the Galactic anticentre. Thus, 58 objects are analysed in this work and we could derive fundamental parameters for 28 of them. The scenario in the IC 417 star-forming region is consistent with a sequential event. FSR 888 and FSR 890 are embedded in Sh2-249 within the Gem OB1 association. According to the distance derived for these clusters and those in the association of clusters, both Aur OB2 and Gem OB1 are located in the Perseus arm.
Breeding Trait Priorities of the Blueberry Industry in the United States and Canada

Developing new blueberry cultivars requires plant breeders to be aware of current and emerging needs throughout the supply chain, from producer to consumer. Because breeding perennial crop plants (such as blueberry) is time- and resource-intensive, understanding and targeting priority traits is critical to enhancing the efficiency of breeding programs. This study assesses blueberry industry breeding priorities for fruit and plant quality traits based on a survey conducted at commodity group meetings across nine U.S. states and in British Columbia (Canada) between Nov. 2016 and Mar. 2017. In general, industry responses signaled that the most important trait cluster was fruit quality including the firmness, flavor, and shelf life. Fruit quality traits affect price premiums received by producers; influence consumer’s preferences; and have the potential to increase the feasibility of mechanical harvesting, all critical to the economic viability of the industry. There were differences across regions in the relative importance assigned to traits for disease resistance, arthropod resistance, and tolerance to abiotic stresses. Our findings will be useful to researchers seeking solutions for challenges to the North American blueberry industry including development of new cultivars with improved traits using accelerated DNA-based selection strategies.
Optical and structural characterization of ZnSe thin film fabricated by thermal vapour deposition technique

Zinc-selenide thin film was prepared on a soda-lime glass substrate by thermal vapor deposition technique. The X-ray diffraction data confirmed the cubic zincblende structure with a preferred orientation along (111) plane. Different models such as Debye-Scherrer, Size-Strain plot, Williamson-Hall, uniform stress deformation model and uniform deformation energy density model and the so called approximation model were adopted to analyse the XRD data. Detailed microstructural parameters such as crystallite size, strain, stress, isotropic energy density, dislocation denstiy were reported and discussed in comparison with scanning electron microscopy data. The transmission spectra was obtained by UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer in the range of 250–2500 nm at room temperature. Important optical constantssuch as refractive index and dielectric constant was estimated using Swanepoel’s envelope method. The same method was used to check the thin film thickness which was found to be ~374.9 nm and this thickness was further confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (368.3 ± 19.1 nm). The optical band gap was estimated to be 2.64 eV. The dispersion of refractive index was discussed interms of empirical Cauchy dispersion relation and the dispersion was further analysed by Wemple-DiDomenico Single oscillator model which provide physically meaningful parameters such as static refractive index, oscillator energy and dispersion energy. Both the structural and optical data not only complemented each other but also implied that good quality Zinc-selenide thin film could be deposited on ordinary glass substrates.
A Study of the Effect of Maternal Obesity on the Structure and Function of Pancreatic Islets in Newborn Rats

Obesity is a global problem with high risks of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and Type 2 diabetes. The current study aimed to clarify effects of maternal obesity on functional and structural integrity of pancreatic islets in newborn rats. Pancreatic specimens were obtained from 1-day-old newborn rats of obese and non-obese mothers. After processing, sections were stained with anti-insulin antibodies. A morphometry was performed on pancreatic islets. Blood glucose and insulin levels were measured in newborns of obese and non-obese mothers. The immunohistological structure of newborn pancreatic islets of obese mothers was normal and didn't differ from that of controls. Volume density, percentage of B cells per total islet cells and diameter of newborn pancreatic islets of obese mothers didn't vary significantly from that of controls. Blood glucose level of newborns of obese mothers was not significantly different from that of controls. The serum insulin of newborns of obese mothers was significantly higher than that of the controls. Maternal obesity didn't affect volume density of B cells, percentage of B cells per total islet cells, diameter of pancreatic islets and blood glucose level of rat newborns. However, obesity during pregnancy resulted in an increase of serum insulin of rat newborns.
Seasonality of the ENSO-Related Rainfall Variability in Central Chile and Associated Circulation Anomalies

The seasonality of the ENSO-rainfall relationship in central Chile (308-418S) and associated circulation anomalies are studied using correlation and compositing techniques. During El Nino episodes there is a tendency for the occurrence of above-average precipitation between 308 and 358S in winter (June-July-August (JJA)) and from 358 to 388S in late spring (October-November (ON)), while rainfall deficit is typically observed from around 388 to 418S during the following summer (January-February-March (JFM)), when El Nino reaches its maximum development. Opposite rainfall anomalies are characteristic during La Nina events. This study confirms results from previous investigations indicating that enhanced blocking activity over the Amundsen-Bellings- hausen Seas area in the southeastern (SE) Pacific during El Nino is a key feature explaining the wet conditions in winter. It is also shown that the same circulation anomaly explains the relatively wet conditions in late spring in the 358-388S region during El Nino episodes. Furthermore, the southward displacement from winter to late spring of the area with significant ENSO-related rainfall anomalies seems associated with the seasonal migration of the boundary separating the region under the influence of the subtropical domain from the extratropical domain, where the westerly regime and associated disturbances prevail. Blocking episodes in the SE Pacific during El Nino seem to be part of a wave structure, particularly intense during spring, characterized by a sequence of positive and negative quasi-barotropic height anomalies stretching southeastward from the equator toward the SE Pacific and back to the southwestern Atlantic. On the other hand, anomalously dry conditions in winter and late spring during La Nina are favored by long-lasting and intense ridges at subtropical latitudes over the SE Pacific and South America resulting in a southward migration of the midlatitude storm tracks. In summer, a higher frequency of ridges in the southern tip of the South America during El Nino episodes presumably contributes to reinforcement of the southern edge of the subtropical anticyclone in the SE Pacific, which at this time of the year reaches its southernmost position, resulting in the annual rainfall minimum. On the other hand, an increased frequency of cyclonic circulation anomalies crossing the southern tip of the continent is associated with relatively wet conditions in southern-central Chile, particularly during La Nina events.
Rocky super-Earth interiors. Structure and internal dynamics of CoRoT-7b and Kepler-10b

Aims. We present interior structure models of the recently discovered exoplanets CoRoT-7b and Kepler-10b addressing their bulk compositions, present thermal states, and internal dynamics. We investigate how mantle convection patterns are influenced by the depth-dependence of thermodynamic parameters (e.g., thermal expansivity and conductivity) caused by the extended pressure and temperature ranges within rocky super-Earths. Methods. To model the interior of rocky exoplanets, we construct a four-layer structural model solving the mass and energy balance equations in conjunction with a generalized Rydberg equation of state providing the radial density distribution within each layer. The present thermal state is calculated according to a modified mixing-length approach for highly viscous fluids. Furthermore, the obtained internal structure is used to carry out two-dimensional convection simulations to visualize the mantle convection pattern within massive exoplanets such as CoRoT-7b and Kepler-10b. Results. Both CoRoT-7b and Kepler-10b most likely have large iron cores and a bulk composition similar to that of Mercury. For a planetary radius of Rp = (1.58 ± 0.10) R⊕, a revised total mass of Mp = (7.42 ± 1.21) M⊕, and the existence of a third planet in the CoRoT-7 planetary system, calculations suggest that an iron core of 64 wt-% and a silicate mantle of 36 wt-% is produced owing to the relatively high average compressed density of ρavg = (10.4±1.8) g cm −3 . Kepler-10b’s planetary radius and total mass yield an iron core of 59.5 wt-%, which complements the silicate mantle of 40.5 wt-%. An enhanced radiogenic heating rate owing to CoRoT-7b’s young age (1.2−2.3 Gyr) raises the radial distribution of temperature by only a few hundred Kelvin, but reduces the viscosity by an order of magnitude. The planform of mantle convection is found to be strongly modified for depth-dependent material properties, with hot plumes rising across the whole mantle and cold slabs, which stagnate in the mid-mantle because of the loss of buoyancy. Conclusions. We use a new model approach to determine the detailed interior structures and present thermal states of CoRoT-7b and Kepler-10b. Both planets are found to be enriched in iron. The results imply that modest radiogenic heating does not play a significant role in determining the internal structure of rocky exoplanets. The depth-dependence of thermodynamic properties, however, strongly influences the mantle convection patterns within exoplanets such as CoRoT-7b and Kepler-10b. This may have a significant effect on the thermal evolution and magnetic field generation of close-in super-Earths.
Assessment of Dissolution Performance of Immediate Release Ibuprofen Products:Screening of Products Available on the Palestinian Market

Abstract Dissolution testing has emerged as an essential quality-control tool to monitor batch-to-batch consistency during drug development. The aim of this study was to assess the dissolution performance of drug products containing ibuprofen as active pharmaceutical ingredient available on the Palestinian market. Ibuprofen is one of the most widely used analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory over the counter (OTC) medication. Dissolution tests were performed using simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.2) in accordance to the specifications in the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). In vitro dissolution profiles of nine immediate-release ibuprofen formulations (A-I) were evaluated and compared. Percent of drug released was determined by spectrophotometric method. Comparison of dissolution profiles was done using similarity (f2) and difference (f1) factors. In the present work dissolution in basic media (7.2 phosphate buffer) was tested using a rotating paddle apparatus. The results obtained showed that the average drug release after 60 minutes of products A-I exceeded 90%. All of the tested products passed the dissolution test and met specifications in the USP. The results were above the Q value = 80 + 5% which is recommended in the USP. Similarity and difference factors -when applied for both dosage forms tablets and liquid capsules - showed that there were no significant differences of all tested products compared to branded version of ibuprofen except product A (local tablet dosage form) compared to its counterpart brand. Pertaining pharmacoeconomic aspects, our data revealed that customer prices of ibuprofen products varied widely.
Impact of increases in food prices on consumer welfare in Lesotho

During 2015 and 2016, Lesotho experienced a large increase in the price of cereals, the main staple food in the country. This has led to an erosion of purchasing power and to a decrease in the consumption of staple foods. For the study, we used a demand system to simulate the effects of an increase in the price of staple foods. We based our analysis on data collected for the evaluation of the Child Grants Programme, which offers unconditional cash transfers to poor households with orphans and vulnerable children. We estimated the necessary increase in total income that is needed to counter the impacts of the current price hike and to maintain households’ utility unchanged. In particular, every percentage increase in the price of cereals would need to be matched by a 0.4% increase in income. As for the possible policy measures, we suggest the country’s social protection system as the source for the extra income.
Approximation of the time-dependent induction equation with advection using Whitney elements: Application to dynamo action

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a new formulation for taking into account the convective term due to an imposed velocity field in the induction equation in a code based on Whitney elements called DOLMEN. Different Whitney forms are used to approximate the dependent variables. The authors study the kinematic dynamo action in a von Karman configuration and obtain results in good agreement with those provided by another well validated code called SFEMaNS. DOLMEN is developed to investigate the dynamo action in non-axisymmetric domains like the impeller driven flow of the von Karman Sodium (VKS) experiment. The authors show that a 3D magnetic field dominated by an axisymmetric vertical dipole can grow in a kinematic dynamo configuration using an analytical velocity field. Design/methodology/approach – Different Whitney forms are used to approximate the dependent variables. The vector potential is discretized using first-order edge elements of the first family. The velocity is approximated by.
laboratory and in varsity and professional hockey players In your face : facial metrics predict aggressive behaviour in the

References http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/275/1651/2651.full. html#related-urls Article cited in: http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/275/1651/2651.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 40 articles, 7 of which can be accessed free This article is free to access Subject collections (247 articles) neuroscience  (1927 articles) evolution  (1246 articles) behaviour  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections Email alerting service here right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the top
Environmental influences on the diel timing of spawning in coral reef fishes

Multiple hypotheses have been proposed regarding the adaptive nature of different diel reproductive cycles observed in coral reef fishes. This study quantified the spawning patterns of 11 different reef fish species at Johnston Atoll (Central Pacific), while making simultaneous measure- ments of the environmental factors likely to affect their spawning behaviors. The environmental vari- ables measured (time of day, tides, current velocity, current speed and abundance of piscivores) were correlated with observed spawning outputs through multifactorial analyses. High interspecific vari- ability in spawning patterns was found among the 11 monitored species. The majority of species spawned at a specific time of the day, in agreement with the timing of spawning described at other locations, indicative of a fixed general response by fishes across distribution areas. Spawning of most fishes with daytime spawning peaks was correlated with local changes in current direction and predatory risks, suggesting responses designed to reduce the mortality of propagules and adults. Dusk-spawning species generally did not respond to changes in flow direction and predator abun- dance, most likely due to their short spawning periods and the reduced predatory pressures that occurred at dusk. Tides did not seem to be used exclusively as synchronizing cues by adult fishes for spawning. The influence of current speed in determining diel timing of spawning varied among spe- cies; some avoided spawning during low current speeds while the majority showed no clear response.
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DIPTERA IN SPANISH MUSHROOM CROPS

The phorid Megaselia halterata and the sciarid Lycoriella auripila are common pests in Spanish mushroom farms. M. halterata has been seen to be the dominant species (ratio 4:1), with the highest number in spring and autumn. The objective of this study was to look for alternatives to control mushroom flies, especially phorids. Several assays were carried out using entomopathogenic nematodes [106 IJ m -2 Steinernema feltiae and 0.5 x 10 6 IJ m -2 S. feltiae + 0.5 x 10 6 IJ m -2 S. carpocapsae], and the insecticides diflubenzuron [1 g m -2 ] and triflumuron [0.5 and 1 g m -2 ]. The effectiveness against flies and effect on yield were evaluated. Effectiveness trials were set up in an experimental growing room, after spawn running trays were exposed to diptera infestation in a commercial crop. On days 16-17, after casing, treatments were applied. The experiments terminated after the emergence of the first generation of adults. The captured flies were identified and the percentage reduction in adult emergence was calculated. Phytotoxic trials were set up as described above, but without infestation. The effect of treatments on productivity was evaluated from the yield, the biological efficiency of the crop and the earliness of the harvest. No decrease in the population of M. halterata was detected with either nematode or insecticide treatment. Population of L. auripila fell with both nematode treatments applied, particularly with the S. feltiae treatment. Diflubenzuron and triflumuron were highly effective against sciarids, regardless of the application dose. The production parameters were not affected by any treatment.