Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis and Clearance of the Secretory Mammary Epithelium

The development of the mammary gland occurs in four distinct phases: embryogenesis, puberty, pregnancy, and a post-lactational phase involving profound levels of cell death and tissue remodeling. This post-lactational phase is termed post-lactational involution. During embryogenesis, a solid epithelial bud is generated in the embryonic ectoderm. As this bud continues to grow in cell number, the epithelial bud invaginates into the underlying mesenchyme forming the nascent mammary epithelium. The mammary epithelium grows as solid epithelial cords, lengthening distally and branching to form the rudimentary epithelial network. At puberty, ductal elongation continues in a proximal-to-distal direction, and side branches appear along the ducts. The side branches also lengthen distally, and continue to branch. This pattern of distal growth and branching fills the mouse mammary fat pad with an extensively branched epithelium by the end of puberty [6]. Similar to what is seen during embryonic mammary development and patterning, the mammary ducts developing during puberty originally appear in solid epithelial cords. Apoptosis canalizes the luminal space within the ducts, allowing a patent conduit for milk to traverse through the breast epithelium [1, 7]. Ultimately, the rodent mammary epithelium is comprised of a continuous, branching network leading from the nipple to primary ducts and smaller ductules that terminate in terminal end buds (TEBs), blunt ends or alveoli. The inner luminal cells are separated from the basement membrane by an outer myoepithelial layer. Myoepithelial cells secrete basement membrane components to which the epithelium attaches, and that physically separates the epithelium from the stromal compartment.
The role of management accounting in the process of innovation: A field work perspective

Recent accounting literature (e.g. Granlund and Taipaleenmäki, 2005; Davila, Foster & Oyon, 2009) suggests that Management Control Systems can influence the process of innovation, especially when they are used interactively. Such work constitutes a rupture with the traditional and diagnostic vision of control where Management Control Systems only act at the process of strategy implementation, limiting their role in accommodating the environment of uncertainty that characterizes innovation (Amabile, 1998; Kanter, 2006). This work project provides contextualized evidence on the use of Management Control Systems and their influence on the innovation process at an information technology company with a research lab.
Understanding Ethnic Differences in Advance Care Planning

Why are White Nursing Home Residents Twice as Likely as African-Americans to Have an Advance Directive? Understanding Ethnic Differences in Advance Care Planning Jennifer L. Troyer, Ph.D. Department of Economics and Department of Health Behavior and Administration University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte, NC 28223 Phone: 704-687-3721, Fax: 704-687-6442, E-Mail: jtroyer@uncc.edu William J. McAuley, Ph.D. Departments of Sociology and Anthropology and Communication George Mason University Fairfax, VA 22030 Phone: 703-993-1000
An analytical model to calculate absorbed fractions for internal dosimetry with alpha, beta and gamma emitters

We developed a general model for the calculation of absorbed fractions in ellipsoidal volumes of soft tissue uniformly filled with alpha, beta and gamma emitting radionuclides. The approach exploited Monte Carlo simulations with the Geant4 code to determine absorbed fractions in ellipsoids characterized by a wide range of dimensions and ellipticities, for monoenergetic emissions of each radiation type. The so-obtained absorbed fractions were put in an analytical relationship with the 'generalized radius', calculated as 3 V/S , where V is the ellipsoid volume and S its surface. Radiation-specific parametric functions were obtained in order to calculate the absorbed fraction of a given radiation in a generic ellipsoidal volume. The dose from a generic radionuclide can be calculated through a process of summation and integration over the whole radionuclide emission spectrum, profitably implemented in an electronic spreadsheet. We compared the results of our analytical calculation approach with those obtained from the OLINDA/EXM computer software, finding a good agreement in a wide range of sphere radii, for the high-energy pure beta emitter 90 Y, the commonly employed beta-gamma emitter 131 I, and the pure alpha emitter 213 Po. The generality of our approach makes it useful an easy to implement in clinical dosimetry calculations as well as in radiation safety estimations when doses from internal radionuclide uptake are to be taken into account.
Plasmon scattering approach to energy exchange and high-frequency noise in ν=2 quantum Hall edge channels

Interedge channel interactions in the quantum Hall regime at filling factor $\ensuremath{\nu}=2$ are analyzed within a plasmon scattering formalism. We derive analytical expressions for energy redistribution among edge channels and for high-frequency noise, which are shown to fully characterize the low energy plasmon scattering. In the strong-interaction limit, the predictions for energy redistribution are compared with recent experimental data and found to reproduce most of the observed features. Quantitative agreement can be achieved by assuming 25% of the injected energy is lost toward other degrees of freedom, possibly the additional gapless excitations predicted for smooth edge potentials.
Bures Distance Function and a Generalization of Sakai's Non-commutative Radon-Nikodym Theorem

For normal positive linear functional /JL and v of a W* algebra 31, the following extension of a noncommutative Radon-Nikodym theorem by Sakai is given. There exist decompositions ju = jUi-}-jU2, v = Vi + V2 such that i>2 is the smallest normal positive linear functional on 91 satisfying v^^2 and 5(^2)-! s(/0, where s(a) denotes the support projection of a, and #2 is the smallest normal positive linear functional on ? H satisfying A22A2 and 5(^2) JLs(v). Further, there exists a non-negative self -adjoint operator AI = AI(V/{JL) (in general unbounded) such that Ai=\^dE\ with its spectral projections EJ in 9t, lim _£"}:= 1 — s£ and MO for all ^63^, where 5^ = 5(^1) — 5(^1) A(l — s(v)). There also exists another non-negative self -ad joint operator A2 = Ai(y / '/JL) such that its spectral projections E? are in 91, limEx=l — s^ and, for all They are related by Ai(v/ju)A2(jU/p)==A2(ju/v)Ai(v//i) = The Bures distance function d(ju9 v) is given by Received June 12, 1972. * On leave from Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto Univ., Kyoto, Japan.
Adding Technology Acceptance to E-learning Information Systems Success within an Organizational Setting. Improving the prediction of use

Because of the speed in which the world is changing, businesses are in need of a fast and cost-effective way to train their employees. E-learning systems can provide this and therefore many business organisations are adopting these systems. Consequently, there is a need to measure the success of these systems to justify investments in them. However, current models that measure the success of an e-learning system cannot accurately predict the use of the system and are not tailored to e-learning within a business environment. Therefore, this study focusses on making improvements on predicting the use of the system and on verifying the model within business organisations. It does this by developing a conceptual model that consist of the D&M model, which focusses on measuring the success of an e-learning system, added with elements of the TAM, which is entirely focused on predicting the use of a technology system. This study uses a specific case, namely an e-learning system used by the Dutch Police Academy, and mixed research methods including surveys, interviews and usage data to find if the added TAM elements improve the predictability of the use of the system. Simultaneously, this data was used to verify the conceptual model within a business organisation. Multiple regression analyses were conducted with the quantitative data to test the relationship between the variables of the two models. The qualitative data was analysed thematically and was used to find explanations for the linkages among variables in the two models within a business organisation setting. The qualitative results rendered it possible to propose alterations on the model to make it more suitable for measuring the effectiveness within a business organisation setting. The results show that the TAM can be added to the D&M model and improve the variance explained in both user satisfaction and intention to use, two critical elements of the D&M model. When exploring the best fit of combining both models, it becomes clear that overall the TAM variables are more predictive over intention to use than the D&M model variables. This shows that it is more important how e-learning participants in a business organisation setting perceive the use of the system than how they perceive the quality of the system.
Hydraulics of Plane Plunge Pool Scour

Plunge pool scour involves a significant risk with trajectory spillways because of structural undermining at a dam foot or destabilization of adjacent valley slopes. An experimental program towards the understanding of plane plunge pool scour of a completely disintegrated rock surface was conducted, in which the following items received attention: jet shape, jet velocity, jet air content, tailwater elevation, granulometry, upstream flow to the scour hole, and the end scour profile in terms of the basic scour features. These effects were experimentally investigated based on a systematic variation of the governing scour parameters. The results of this paper allow answering questions that have so far not been addressed. Design equations were proposed to sketch the main tendency of the data sets. The significant effect of the densimetric particle Froude number was substantiated. This research may be used to estimate the prominent scour features for nearly two-dimensional jet arrangements involving a pre-aerated high-speed flow.
Optimizing Architecture of DSRC Device By Using Component Reuse

Dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) is an emerging technique to push the intelligent transportation system into our daily life. The DSRC standards generally adopt FM0 and Manchester codes to reach dc-balance, enhancing the signal reliability. Nevertheless, the coding-diversity between the FM0 and Manchester codes seriously limits the potential to design a fully reused VLSI architecture for both. In this paper, the similarity-oriented logic simplification (SOLS) technique is proposed to overcome this limitation. The SOLS technique improves the hardware utilization rate from 57.14% to 100% for both FM0 and Manchester encodings. Differential Manchester can improve noise immunity over Manchester. Area improvement for FM0/Differential Manchester has been increased to 47% from 16% of Manchester
A characterization of relatively compact sets in L p ( Ω , B )

We give a characterization of relatively compact sets F in L(Ω, B) for p ∈ [1,∞), B a Banach-space, and Ω ⊂ R. This is a generalization of the results obtained in [12] for the space L((0, T ), B) with T > 0, first to rectangles Ω = (a, b) ⊂ R and, under additional conditions, to arbitrary open and bounded subsets of R. An application of the main compactness result to a problem arising in homogenization of processes on periodic surfaces is given. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 35K57, 46E40, 46B50.
In search of clusters

The aim of this article is to present the ‘regional cluster quick scan’ as an efficient and objective tool to scan a region of interest for the presence, nature and development phase of regional clusters. The ‘tool’ developed in this research is based on the relations between the state of cluster development in regions, competitiveness, and economic growth. First, a theoretical model is developed and then this model is applied to a real case to test the validity of the model. The results indicate the possibility of identifying regional clusters and their competitiveness by using Shift and Share analysis.
Natural and human disturbance in a rookery of the California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus californianus ) in the Gulf of California, Mexico

Los Islotes is the southernmost breeding site of the California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus californianus ) in the Northern Hemisphere and represents one of the principal tourist attractions for the city of La Paz, Mexico. The tourism has been growing without control and could be the cause of perturbation in the reproductive and haul-out patterns of the sea lion. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of tourism activities on the behavior of sea lions, in order to help design regulations to assure better use and conservation of the site. The nature and intensity of tourism activity and sea lion behavior were determined based upon monthly sampling over a one-year period (May 2000 - April 2001). Tourist activity was higher during autumn and winter, with visits by 'panga' boats being the most numerous. A total of 112 disturbances were recorded, the majority of which being non-anthropogenic causes. A quarter of disturbances were triggered by human activity within 20m of the rookery and with harassment reaction (animals going into the water) in 32% of the anthropogenic disturbances. Principal component analysis (PCA) described the conditions under which disturbance was generated (74% of the variation explained). Using three factors (47% of the total variation) the major contributing variables were month, tidal level, relative humidity, Beaufort number, total number of boats and number of powerboats and sailboats. In Los Islotes, the perturbation occurs mostly in autumn and winter coinciding with the highest frequency of tourism, large number of adult and subadult males and unfavorable environmental conditions for haul-out, such as high tide level and strong winds. The lowest number of disturbances occurred in summer, during the breeding season of the sea lion. Most of these, however, were caused by human activity.
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Sales competition with heterogeneous firms

To better understand sales behavior and price dispersion, this paper presents a substantially generalized clearinghouse framework. The framework can permit multiple dimensions of firm heterogeneity, and views firms as competing directly in utility rather than prices. As such, the paper can i) reproduce and extend many equilibria from the existing literature, ii) offer a range of new results on how firm heterogeneity affects sales behavior and market performance, iii) provide original insights into the number and type of firms that engage in sales, and iv) offer a foundation to assess and extend current empirical procedures.
Test Bench for Analyzing the Lost Foam Process

The current work presents and describes the test bench for analyzing the lost foam process, especially measuring of the pressure of gases in the gas gap and continuous measuring of the rate of rise of the bath level when pouring the liquid metal into the mould. A series of preliminary research was carried out on the bench which was aimed at determining the influence of the basic parameters of the process, i
On the transfer of skills skill in different conditions of motor activity.

Целью исследования является метрическое описание состояния переноса ловкости по показателям кинестезии у обследованных в условиях комплексной регистрации блока из шести координационно разных двигательных заданий. Обследовано 56 студентов по шести тестовым заданиям разной координационной сложности. Результаты исходного контроля обработаны статистически. Рассчитаны две корреляционные матрицы 6х6. Показана целесообразность использования в последующих статистических операциях только предварительно обоснованных, метрологически надёжных результатов. Перенос навыков ловкости по показателям кинестезии обнаружен только в двух упражнениях подобного характера, объяснимых общими физиологическими механизмами регуляции. Результаты исследования подтверждают общеизвестные знания о сложном характере ловкости и противоречат мнению некоторых оригинальных авторов о возможности использования какого-либо одного универсального контрольного упражнения – теста для её оценки.
Response of Bell Pepper to Rootstock and Greenhouse Cultivation in Coconut Fiber or Soil

Vegetable production in greenhouses is preferred when soil quality is degraded by high salinity or incidence of pests and diseases. In these soils with abiotic and biotic issues, it is a challenge to increase the yield and quality of fruits. The use of rootstocks and organic substrates are effective and environmentally friendly techniques to solve that challenge. The objective was to study the effect of rootstocks on yields and quality in bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) grown in either soil or coconut fiber substrate, in greenhouses. Using a randomized block design with three repetitions, the resulting treatment groups consisted of three rootstocks (Foundation-F1, Yaocali-F1, CLX-PTX991-F1 (Ultron), and non-grafted controls) with four hybrids as scions (Lamborghini, Bambuca, DiCaprio, and Ucumari). The yield of fruit per plant (YFP) and number of fruit per plant (NFP) obtained in coconut fiber were 85% and 55% greater, respectively, than in soil. The CLX-PTX991-F1 rootstock was superior to the hybrids without rootstock (p ≤ 0.05) in YFP and NPF (30% and 19.5%, respectively). The Lamborghini hybrid had significantly greater YFP and NFP than the Ucumari. We concluded that the use of coconut fiber significantly improves the yields of bell pepper and that the use of rootstock improves plant vigor and plant yield.
Deposited in DRO : 14 June 2018 Version of attached le : Peer-review status of attached

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Vocabulary size revisited: the link between vocabulary size and academic achievement

Abstract Many researchers have tried to assess the number of words adults know. A general conclusion which emerges from such studies is that vocabularies of English monolingual adults are very large with considerable variation. This variation is important given that the vocabulary size of schoolchildren in the early years of school is thought to materially affect subsequent educational attainment. The data is difficult to interpret, however, because of the different methodologies which researchers use. The study in this paper uses the frequency-based vocabulary size test from Goulden et al (1990) and investigates the vocabulary knowledge of undergraduates in three British universities. The results suggest that monolingual speaker vocabulary sizes may be much smaller than is generally thought with far less variation than is usually reported. An average figure of about 10,000 English word families emerges for entrants to university. This figure suggests that many students must struggle with the comprehension of university level texts.
Manganese in dwarf spheroidal galaxies

We provide manganese abundances (corrected for the effect of the hyperfine structure) for a large number of stars in the dwarf spheroidal galaxies Sculptor and Fornax, and for a smaller number in the Carina and Sextans dSph galaxies. Abundances had already been determined for a number of other elements in these galaxies, including alpha and iron-peak ones, which allowed us to build [Mn/Fe] and [Mn/alpha] versus [Fe/H] diagrams. The Mn abundances imply sub-solar [Mn/Fe] ratios for the stars in all four galaxies examined. In Sculptor, [Mn/Fe] stays roughly constant between [Fe/H] similar to -1.8 and -1.4 and decreases at higher iron abundance. In Fornax, [Mn/Fe] does not vary in any significant way with [Fe/H]. The relation between [Mn/alpha] and [Fe/H] for the dSph galaxies is clearly systematically offset from that for the Milky Way, which reflects the different star formation histories of the respective galaxies. The [Mn/alpha] behavior can be interpreted as a result of the metal-dependent Mn yields of Type II and Type Ia supernovae. We also computed chemical evolution models for star formation histories matching those determined empirically for Sculptor, Fornax, and Carina, and for the Mn yields of SNe Ia, which were assumed to be either constant or variable with metallicity. The observed [Mn/Fe] versus [Fe/H] relation in Sculptor, Fornax, and Carina can be reproduced only by the chemical evolution models that include a metallicity-dependent Mn yield from the SNe Ia.
Fathers with Single Parenting Roles: Perspectives On Strengths, Concerns and Recommendations

The phenomenon of single parent father families are increasing at a rapid rate in the United States along with the growth in fatherlessness in many families. This article dis­cusses the trends and societal attitudes toward single father parenthood. It reports on a study of the perceptions of single parent fathers about their strengths, concerns and rec­ommendat1ons regarding their parenting roles. The study found that they feel stressed in their roles as parents but strongly recommends educating the public and professionals on their needs and strengths. Perceptions of cultural bias and insensitivity toward single par­ent fathers were found.
Political Budget Cycles Revisited, the Case for Social Capital

Recent literature on Political Budget Cycles has provided appealing evidence that their existence is conditional to country specific characteristics. In this paper we hypothesize that the level of social capital prevailing in a country might be an underlying fundamental reason that might be driving these results. We provide strong evidence that political budget cycles are only present in low social capital countries by utilizing a large panel data set for 63 democratic countries. We also show that the political budget cycles occur both in developing and developed countries under low social capital. Simultaneously, our results are robust under most other conditional effects considered by the literature. Finally, we also propose a theoretical model of conditional capital budget cycles by adapting a moral hazard model to account for different distributions of social capital.