Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Should we consider mood disturbance in schizophrenia as an important determinant of quality of life?

BACKGROUND The main objective in the treatment of schizophrenia should be to optimize individual patient functioning and quality of life. Little is known about the possible relationship of concurrent mood symptoms and quality of life. We hypothesized that the quality of life for people with schizophrenia would be inversely related to the severity of concurrent mood disruption. METHOD We conducted a post hoc analysis of an international, multicenter, double-blind, 28-week study of 339 patients who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, schizophreniform, or schizoaffective disorder and were randomized to treatment with either olanzapine or risperidone. Quality of life data were collected at baseline, 8, 16, 24, and 28 weeks or at early discontinuation; Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) data were collected at each visit (weekly to week 8 and monthly thereafter). Correlations were calculated between changes in quality of life (quality of life scale [QLS] total and subscales) and PANSS mood score. Regression models were used to determine the proportion of variability in the QLS total and subscores accounted for by changes in PANSS positive, PANSS negative, and PANSS mood scores. Finally, path analysis was performed to determine the mechanisms used by the PANSS mood scores to affect the QLS total and subscores. RESULTS Olanzapine demonstrated a significantly greater therapeutic effect on the PANSS mood item than risperidone did. However, mood improvements with either therapy demonstrated correlations of PANSS mood on the QLS total and subscores which were statistically significant, with the strongest correlation against the interpersonal relations (QLS-IPR) subscore. The path analysis results indicate that the PANSS mood item's most significant path in affecting the QLS total and QLS-IPR is direct. CONCLUSION Changes in the quality of life of schizophrenic patients is inversely related to changes in the concurrent mood disruption. Early therapeutic interventions directed at a broader constellation of schizophrenic symptomatology, including mood, may be helpful in improving an individual patient's quality of life. The possible relative advantages of introducing novel antipsychotic agents earlier in the course of illness for restoration of individual quality of life merit further investigation.
Prognostic significance of plasma markers of immune activation, HIV viral load and CD4 T‐cell measurements

Objective:To evaluate the prognostic significance for AIDS occurrence of plasma levels of immune activation markers in comparison with and in conjunction with HIV viral load and CD4 T-cell measurements. Design:A retrospective analysis was conducted of three plasma activation markers, the soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor II (TNF-RII), neopterin and soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels, and of CD4 T-cell levels and plasma HIV viral load. Subjects:The participants were 659 men taking part in the University of California Los Angeles Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who were HIV-seropositive but AIDS-free in 1985. Main outcome measure:Clinically defined AIDS within 3 years. Failure time statistical regression models for the time to development of AIDS were used to assess prognostic capacity of the parameters alone and in combination. Results:All the markers had prognostic capability. The levels of the three plasma activation markers correlated well with each other (median r = 0.61). They related less well with HIV RNA plasma levels (median r = 0.50) and least well with CD4 cell levels (median r = 0.36). Furthermore, plasma marker levels were shown to be able to stratify patients for prognosis within all the major categories of CD4 T-cell and HIV RNA levels. Conclusions:Plasma levels of soluble TNF-RII and other soluble markers of immune activation have prognostic capabilities which are different from HIV and CD4 T-cell levels. Combination of a single plasma activation marker measurement (such as soluble TNF-RII) with CD4 T-cell levels improved the prognostic capability of each. A new graphic technique for presenting prognostic capability indicated that plasma soluble TNF-RII and CD4 cell levels are better prognostic factors than HIV plasma level with CD4 cells < 200 × 106/l. Inexpensive tests for one of the plasma activation markers, such as soluble TNF-RII or neopterin, can be useful for evaluations of HIV disease course, especially when expensive equipment, technical expertise and funding required for flow cytometry and for HIV load measurements are not readily available.
Explaining the Short Stature of the Poor: Chronic Childhood Disease and Growth in Nineteenth‐Century England

This article examines the relationship between human growth, final height, and the environment in early nineteenth‐century England. While the reasons for stuntedness are multifactoral and involve lack of nourishment and in utero conditions, we should also give emphasis to respiratory, gastro‐enteric, and bone disease along with the inadequate and sometimes harmful arrangements for convalescence, involving opiates and inadequate rest. Hard work and prevailing social attitudes slowed recovery and affected limb and organ development. While survival chances may have improved, and indeed were enhanced by measures such as targeted poor relief, quality of life for infants and children remained low and had an influence on their height as adults. The bodies of surviving working‐class children showed the burden of hard times.
Work-Life Balance and the Demand for Reduction in Working Hours: Evidence from the British Social Attitudes Survey 2002

Work-life balance policies aimed at reducing working hours are often assumed to be of particular interest to workers with family responsibilities such as young children. Although workers in Britain report the kind of time-stress envisaged by the debate over a 'long-hours culture', there is little relationship between workers' family situation and preferences for working fewer hours. Women workers' hours already reflect family commitments to some extent, while families with young children may need the income levels that only substantial working hours bring. Conversely workers without family commitments may have more capacity to swap income or career progression for increased leisure time.
Corrosion of Stainless Steel in Sodium Chloride Brine Solutions

With increasing environmental awareness follows demands for handling of brines that remain after use in a variety of applications. For this reason, stainless steels are being used in increasingly corrosive brine environments. The risk for corrosion in brines is associated with the chloride content, temperature, pH and oxygen level. This paper aims to explore the corrosion resistance of some stainless steels in highly concentrated sodium chloride solutions. The resistance to localized corrosion of stainless steels in 20,000, 100,000 and 200,000 ppm Clsodium chloride solutions was investigated at 90 °C. The effects of chloride content, oxygen content and solution pH were studied on test coupons with and without welds and on U-bend specimens. Evaluation was performed for pitting and crevice corrosion, as well as for stress corrosion cracking. Long-term exposures (> 1300 hours) were combined with Electrochemical measurements such as cyclic polarization curves and determination of the critical pitting temperature (CPT). Investigated materials included duplex, super duplex, as well as 6Mo and 7Mo super austenitic stainless steels, which were compared to a standard austenitic grade. A ranking of the tested stainless steel grades according to their corrosion resistance in sodium chloride brine solutions was: UNS S31603 < UNS N08904, UNS S32205 < UNS S31254, UNS S32750 < UNS S34565 < UNS S32654. Oxygen content was found to be an important factor influencing the corrosiveness of the sodium chloride brine solutions, with aerated conditions being the most corrosive ones. Also increasing chloride content and decreasing pH increased the corrosiveness of sodium chloride brine solution.
Spatial Assimilation in Denmark? Why do Immigrants Move to and from Multi-ethnic Neighbourhoods?

In most European countries ethnic minorities have had a tendency to settle in certain parts of cities—and often in social housing—together with other immigrants in so-called multi-ethnic neighbourhoods. An explanation for this could be low income combined with lack of knowledge of the housing market and discrimination, which limits the housing possibilities for ethnic minorities. Another explanation could be that for different reasons immigrants choose to settle in so-called ethnic enclaves where they can find an ethnic social network, which can support them in their new country. In traditional research literature about immigration it has been shown that for many immigrants living in enclaves has been a temporary situation. The ‘spatial assimilation theory’ says that this situation ends when the family has become more integrated in the new society and then moves to another part of the city. This paper provides evidence to support both explanations of why ethnic minorities move to and from multi-ethnic neighbourhoods.
Analysts' Treatment of Nonrecurring Items in Street Earnings

Given the recent controversy over deviations of street earnings from GAAP earnings, we show that the nonrecurring items that analysts include in street earnings are more persistent and have higher valuation multiples than those items they exclude from street earnings. In addition, we find no evidence that the pricing differential between the included and excluded items leads to future abnormal returns. If, as analysts claim, the primary use of street earnings is to value a stock, then our results suggest that analysts do have expertise in processing earnings information and that certain items appear justifiably excluded.
Winning in High Velocity Markets: The Case of BskyB

High velocity markets present CEOs and their strategy teams with a dilemma. Do they regard these competitive, and often transformational, conditions as an unwelcomed revolution? Or do they provide them with a unique sequence of opportunities to evolve their organizations? Finding a suitable strategic direction and competitive formula in high velocity markets can be difficult and yet the idea of ‘dynamic capabilities’ provides an appropriate winning formula.
Should Equity Investors Care about Corporate Bond Prices? Using Bond Prices to Construct Equity Momentum Strategies

In the context of forming equity momentum portfolios, the authors examine whether corporate bond prices contain information that equity prices do not fully reflect. Using a unique sample of U.S. firms with both public equity and debt, this article compares the standard momentum portfolio’s performance dynamics, based on ranking common stocks to a second momentum portfolio (bonds in asset equity momentum, or BEAM) that ranks instead by the excess returns of bonds issued by the same set of firms. Hence, both momentum portfolios share the same initial universe of firms and include only equities, but differ in the source of the ranking information. Since 1994, the BEAM portfolio has generated an information ratio that is twice that of the standard momentum portfolio (0.66 versus 0.33), with both higher average returns and consistently lower monthly volatility. The improvement was especially large during market reversals, when the traditional equity momentum strategy performed poorly. Furthermore, the signal generated by bond prices would also have allowed long-only managers to significantly outperform the S&P 500, as firms with the best past aggregate bond returns have consistently outperformed the index by about 10% per year since 1994. All equity investors, whether they employ momentum strategies or hold short positions, may be able to benefit from looking at corporate bond prices.
Contribution of Financial Sector Development in Reducing Unemployment in Pakistan

The study empirically investigated the long run relationship between financial sector development and unemployment in Pakistan, along with the direction of causality. Annual data used were from the period of 1973 to 2007. Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound testing technique for cointegration was applied to estimate the long run relationship. A stable long run relationship was found between financial sector indicators and unemployment. Escalating money circulation in economy proved to have negative impact on employment rate as it increased the unemployment rate by 2.3 percent for aone percent increase in M2 minus currency in circulation/GDP. Increased Financial sector activities showed positive impact on reducing unemployment in short run as well as in the long run. Further, Granger causality test revealed the importance of credit disbursement to private sector in improving job opportunities and increasing employment rate.
Experiences with Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration using 18mmol/L predilution Citrate anticoagulation and a Phosphate Containing Replacement Solution

Context: Regional citrate anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy is associated with a longer filter-life, less bleeding events and improved mortality. Problems associated with using Prismocitrate 10/2 solution in continuous renal replacement therapy, include hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia and the need for additional bicarbonate infusion. Aims: This study uses the new Prismocitrate 18/0 solution for improved buffer balance and Phoxilium solution for a more favourable electrolyte profile. Settings and Design: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) using Prismocitrate 18/0 and Phoxilium in our 21-bed ICU was conducted from March to July 2014. Methods and Material: Continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) was performed at fixed rate by using Prismocitrate 18/0 predilution at 1250 ml/hour, a blood flow rate of 110 ml/min and post-replacement with Phoxilium at 1250 ml/hr. CVVH was run for 72 h or until filter clotting, transportation, or achievement of the clinical target. Statistical Analysis Used: The results were displayed as the median with the interquartile range (IQR). The trend in pH, electrolytes, and base excess are shown using a standard box plot. All analyses were performed by the Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows, version 17 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Forty-five CVVH episodes were analysed. The median circuit lifetime was 44 h (interquartile range, IQR 29-55). Metabolic alkalosis, hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia occurred in 8.3%, 3.5% and 40.2% of the blood samples, respectively. No patient developed hypokalemia or citrate toxicity. Conclusions: This new CVVH regime is safe and easy to administer for critically ill patients.
Planning and the Culture of Governance: Local Institutions and Reform in France

Legislation introducing major reform of the French planning system is now 6 years old. It was intentionally seen as part of a trio of reforming statutes that linked spatial planning to institutional reform of local government. Taking as its starting point, the idea that planning is inevitably an embedded activity, it explores the relationship between institutional reform and the reform of planning in France generally, and then more specifically in the Région urbaine de Lyon. It concludes that the search for greater simplicity and clarity is not borne out by results on the ground. The French case demonstrates that the success or failure of planning reform is intimately linked to the nature of local government.
Environmental ethics for business sustainability

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to derive operational principles from environmental ethics for business organizations to achieve sustainability.Design/methodology/approach – The paper analyses different levels on which business affects the natural environment. Individual biological creatures are affected by business via hunting, fishing, agriculture, animal testing, etc. Natural ecosystems are affected by business via mining, regulating rivers, building, polluting the air, water and land, etc. The Earth as a whole is affected by business via exterminating species, contributing to climate change, etc.Findings – Business has a natural, non‐reciprocal responsibility toward natural beings affected by its functioning. At the level of individual biological creatures, awareness‐based ethics is adequate for business. At the level of natural ecosystems, ecosystem ethics is relevant for business. At the level of the Earth as a whole, Gaian ethics applies to business.Practical implications – A business activi.
Effects of postprandial state and mesenteric blood flow on the repeatability of MR elastography in asymptomatic subjects

To determine the repeatability of stiffness measurements in the liver using MR elastography (MRE) during the fasted and fed states. MRE has gained increased recognition as a noninvasive method to quantify fibrotic changes in the liver. It is well known that eating increases splanchnic blood flow, and fasting status of patients has been recognized as a factor that may affect hepatic stiffness measured with MRE.
Role of snow-albedo feedback in higher elevation warming over the Himalayas, Tibetan Plateau and Central Asia

Recent literature has shown that surface air temperature (SAT) in many high elevation regions, including the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has been increasing at a faster rate than at their lower elevation counterparts. We investigate projected future changes in SAT in the TP and the surrounding high elevation regions (between 25°–45°N and 50°–120°E) and the potential role snow-albedo feedback may have on amplified warming there. We use the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) model which have different spatial resolutions as well as different climate sensitivities. We find that surface albedo (SA) decreases more at higher elevations than at lower elevations owing to the retreat of the 0 °C isotherm and the associated retreat of the snow line. Both models clearly show amplified warming over Central Asian mountains, the Himalayas, the Karakoram and Pamir during spring. Our results suggest that the decrease of SA and the associated increase in absorbed solar radiation (ASR) owing to the loss of snowpack play a significant role in triggering the warming over the same regions. Decreasing cloud cover in spring also contributes to an increase in ASR over some of these regions in CCSM4. Although the increase in SAT and the decrease in SA are greater in GFDL than CCSM4, the sensitivity of SAT to changes in SA is the same at the highest elevations for both models during spring; this suggests that the climate sensitivity between models may differ, in part, owing to their corresponding treatments of snow cover, snow melt and the associated snow/albedo feedback.
Assessing the relationship between objective and subjective indicators of residential exposure to road traffic noise in the context of environmental justice

Noise action planning according to the EU Environmental Noise Directive aims to improve people's health. Although health inequalities exist, the Directive does not address social inequalities in residential exposure to road traffic noise. In multivariate regression analyses based on two urban study populations, we assess the relationship between objective and subjective indicators of residential exposure to road traffic noise as an issue of environmental justice. Residential neighbourhood satisfaction, socio-demographic and -economic, health-related and noise-related attitudinal factors were included as covariates additionally explaining the subjective response to road traffic noise (noise annoyance). Our results underline the need to select, operationalise and examine noise-related indicators very carefully, as objective noise exposure predicts noise annoyance insufficiently. Otherwise, urban environmental planning might miss environmentally unjust situations and fail to initiate distributive and procedural environmental justice.
The uncertain teacher governor: seeking a role?

In spite of the importance of teacher governors as members of the governing body, there is very little literature on their role and there appears to have been no significant research into the manner in which they carry out their duties, their effectiveness or the factors which might enhance their effectiveness. This study draws upon questionnaire and interview data from nearly 500 schools in an attempt to remedy that omission and to provide empirical evidence on some of the key issues in relation to the teacher governor's role.
The Entrepreneurial State

The prevailing opinion on public spending is that the state must be cut back to make room for entrepreneurship and innovation, to prevent the public sector ‘crowding out’ the private sector. This draws on the belief that the private sector is dynamic, innovative and competitive, in contrast to the sluggish and bureaucratic public sector. The Entrepreneurial State challenges this minimalist view of economic policy. It finds that successful economies result from government doing more than just creating the right conditions for growth. Instead, government has a key role to play in developing new technologies whose potential is not yet understood by the business community. State-funded organisations can be nimble and innovative, transforming economies forever — the algorithm behind Google was funded by a public sector National Science Foundation grant. This pamphlet forces the debate to go beyond the role of the state in stimulating demand, or crudely ‘picking winners’ in industrial policy. Instead, it argues for a proactive, entrepreneurial state: a state that is able to take risks and harness the best of the private sector. It imagines the state as a catalyst, sparking the initial reaction that will cause innovation to spread.
Identification of sequence changes in live attenuated goose parvovirus vaccine strains developed in Asia and Europe

Live attenuated vaccines have been used for control of the disease caused by goose parvovirus (GPV), but the mechanism involved in attenuation of GPV remains elusive. This report presents the complete nucleotide sequences of two live attenuated strains of GPV (82-0321V and VG32/1) that were independently developed in Taiwan and Europe, together with the parental strain of 82-0321V and a field strain isolated in Taiwan in 2006. Sequence comparisons showed that 82-0321V and VG32/1 had multiple deletions and substitutions in the inverted terminal repeats region when compared with their parental strain or the field virus, but these changes did not affect the formation of the hairpin structure essential for viral replication. Moreover, 82-0321V and VG32/1 had five amino acid changes in the non-structural protein, but these changes were located at positions distant from known functional motifs in the non-structural protein. In contrast, 82-0321V had nine changes and VG32/1 had 11 changes in their capsid proteins (VP1), and the majority of these changes occurred at positions close to the putative receptor binding sites of VP1, as predicted using the structure of adeno-associated virus 2 as the model system. Taken together, the results suggest that changes in sequence near the receptor binding sites of VP1 might be responsible for attenuation of GPV. This is the first report of complete nucleotide sequences of GPV other than the virulent B strain, and suggests a possible mechanism for attenuation of GPV.