Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Uncertain Reasoning Approach with Application to Satellite Fault Detection

In order to be able to better deal with uncertain information, this paper presents an uncertain reasoning approach based on rough set theory and other uncertainty theories. This paper studies mainly the application of the reasoning approach on satellite fault detection. The simulation results show, the detection precision based on the new reasoning approach is improved from previous 75.95 percent to now 83.33 percent at average, and the new reasoning approach has also some advantages, such as, it has the faster detection speed, the lower storage capacity, and does not need any prior information in addition to data processing, these results indicate that the reasoning approach is more effective and feasible than the old reasoning approaches. Finally, some prospects for future research are given.
Inventário de biomassa em um plantio de Pinus elliottii engelm. aos 23 anos de idade

O presente trabalho estimou a biomassa aerea de um povoamento de Pinus elliotti, com 23 anos de idade, localizado no municipio de Rio Branco do Sul - PR. Foram avaliadas separadamente a biomassa do fuste, galhos e aciculas. A biomassa seca total estimada e composta por 85% de fuste, 10% de galhos e 5% de aciculas. O modelo ajustado para a estimativa de biomassa seca aerea total, em funcao do diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP), apresentou um coeficiente de determinacao (R²) de 0,91 e erro padrao da estimativa (Sxy) de 11,98%. Dentre os modelos ajustados para estimar as diferentes porcoes de biomassa na arvore, o que estima a biomassa do fuste foi o que apresentou melhor relacao entre biomassa e o diâmetro a altura do peito. Palavras-chaves: Modelagem, biomassa, reflorestamentos
Activation Of Nfatc2 in osteoblasts causes osteopenia

Nuclear factor of activated T‐cells (Nfat) c1 to c4 are transcription factors that play an undisputable role in osteoclastogenesis. However, Nfat function in osteoblastic cells is controversial. Constitutive activation of Nfatc1 and c2 in osteoblasts suppresses cell function, although the study of Nfat in vivo has yielded conflicting results. To establish the consequences of Nfatc2 activation in osteoblasts, we generated transgenic mice where a 3.6 kb fragment of the collagen type I α1 promoter directs expression of a constitutively active Nfatc2 mutant (Col3.6‐Nfatc2). The skeletal phenotype of Col3.6‐Nfatc2 mice of both sexes and of sex‐matched littermate controls was investigated by microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry. Col3.6‐ Nfatc2 mice were born at the expected Mendelian ratio and appeared normal. Nfatc2 expression was confirmed in parietal bones from 1 and 3 month old transgenic mice. One month old Col3.6‐Nfatc2 female mice exhibited cancellous bone compartment osteopenia secondary to a 30% reduction in bone formation. In contrast, cancellous femoral bone volume and bone formation were not altered in male transgenics, whereas osteoblast number was higher, suggesting incomplete osteoblast maturation. Indices of bone resorption were not affected in either sex. At 3 months of age, the skeletal phenotype evolved; and Col3.6‐Nfatc2 male mice exhibited vertebral osteopenia, whereas femoral cancellous bone was not affected in either sex. Nfatc2 activation in osteoblasts had no impact on cortical bone structure. Nfatc2 activation inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodule formation in bone marrow stromal cell cultures. In conclusion, Nfatc2 activation in osteoblasts inhibits bone formation and causes cancellous bone osteopenia. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 1689–1695, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company
Neighborhood environment and physical activity among young children: A cross-sectional study from Sweden

Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate the association between the neighbourhood environment and physical activity among young children in a Scandinavian setting, and to assess the influences of seasonal variations, age, sex and parental education. Methods: Physical activity was assessed with an accelerometer and neighbourhood resources were estimated using geographic information systems for 205 Swedish children aged 4–11 years. Neighbourhood resources were generated as the sum of three neighbourhood attributes: (a) foot and bike paths, (b) non-restricted destinations and (c) recreational area, all within 300 m of each child’s home. Physical activity was assessed as: (a) total volume of physical activity (i.e. counts per minute), (b) sedentary time and (c) moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The association between neighbourhood resources and physical activity was analysed using mixed linear models weighted by measurement time and adjusted for sex, age, season of activity measurement, type of housing and parental education. Results: Children were more physically active in areas with intermediate access to neighbourhood resources for physical activity compared to areas with worst access, while the difference between intermediate and best neighbourhood resource areas was less clear. The association between physical activity and neighbourhood resources was weaker than with seasonal variations but compatible in magnitude with sex, age, type of housing and parental education. Among specific neighbourhood attributes, the amount of foot and bike paths was associated with less sedentary time and more MVPA. Conclusions: This study provides some, not entirely consistent, evidence overall for an association between the neighbourhood environment and physical activity among young children in Scandinavia.
Genome Sequences of Eight Aspergillus flavus spp. and One A. parasiticus sp., Isolated from Peanut Seeds in Georgia

ABSTRACT Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus fungi produce carcinogenic mycotoxins in peanut seeds, causing considerable impact on both human health and the economy. Here, we report nine genome sequences of Aspergillus spp. , isolated from Georgia peanut seeds in 2014. The information obtained will lead to further biodiversity studies that are essential for developing control strategies.
Acorn production in Spanish holm oak woodlands

We present a review on the state-of-the-art of fruit prodution in Western Iberia woodlands («dehesas»), and particularly in Q. ilex (holm oak) «dehesas». This threatened ecosystem is of very high ecological and economical importance. Quercus sp. fruits (acorns) are essential for wildlife, and for pig fattening in «dehesas». In the first part of this review we briefly describe the phenology of the holm oak and the factors affecting acorn morphology and chemical composition. In the second half we analyze the main known factors reported in the literature that determine acorn production: pruning, stand characteristics, and site (weather and soil). We make several suggestions to improve future research and detect the existing gaps in the undertanding of acorn production. Fruit production is highly variable, both between and within years and individuals. The mean production in «dehesas» (mean density circa 50 trees/ha) is around 250-600 kg/ha (≈100 g/canopy-m, CV > 100%). Acorn morphology is also very variable, with mean sound acorn size around 3.5 × 1.6 cm, CV ≈ 10% (3.5 g/acorn, CV > 50%). Silviculture plays an essential role in acorn production. Acorn production per tree seems to be negatively related to density. The effect of pruning is less clear: production seems to be reduced in the first and second years after pruning. After the third year it is not possible to discern from the literature whether there is any response to pruning or not. Weather and soil (site) also impact production and their effects should be explored in future management. The influence of genetics is unknown and should also be addressed. Longer data series are necessary. The dasometric features of the stands need to be characterized, in order to better understand production and compare results from different locations. Much research is still required to understand the functioning of fruiting in these woodlands.
Comment on "The Ocean Sink for Anthropogenic CO2"

Using data from recently completed hydrographic surveys of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and related tracers in the world's oceans, Sabine et al . ([ 1 ][1]) arrived at an estimate of 118 ± 19 Pg C for the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by the oceans through 1994. This estimate uses the “ΔC*
Signals required for programming effector and memory development by CD8+ T cells

Summary: Stimulation of naïve CD8+ T cells with antigen and costimulation results in proliferation and weak clonal expansion, but the cells fail to develop effector functions and are tolerant long term. Initiation of the program leading to the strong expansion and development of effector functions and memory requires a third signal that can be provided by interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) or interferon‐α (IFN‐α). CD4+ T cells condition dendritic cells (DCs) to effectively present antigen to CD8+ T cells, and this conditioning involves, at least in part, CD40‐dependent upregulation of the production of these signal 3 cytokines by the DCs. Upon being fully activated, the cytotoxic T lymphocytes develop activation‐induced non‐responsiveness (AINR), a form of split anergy characterized by an inability to produce IL‐2 to support continued expansion. If antigen remains present, IL‐2 provided by CD4+ T cells can reverse AINR to allow further expansion of the effector population and conversion to responsive memory cells following antigen clearance. If IL‐2 or potentially other proliferative signals are not available, persistent antigen holds cells in the AINR state and prevents the development of a responsive memory population. Thus, in addition to antigen and costimulation, CD8+ T cells require cytokine signals at distinct stages of the response to be programmed for optimal generation of effector and memory populations.
Chronophin coordinates cell leading edge dynamics by controlling active cofilin levels

Significance Cell motility plays important roles in normal physiology and numerous disease states, including cancers. Cofilin, a key player in cell locomotion, controls the direction and the force of cell protrusion. Our study establishes the cofilin phosphatase chronophin (CIN) as a major component of a PI3-kinase–mediated, Rac1-dependent signaling mechanism that activates cofilin downstream of EGF receptor in mammary carcinoma cells. During EGF stimulation, CIN redistributes to the cell edge, where it regulates cofilin-dependent actin turnover and coordinates cell protrusion and retraction dynamics. Our data uncover previously unidentified molecular mechanisms regulating cofilin in time and space in tumor cells and expand our understanding of cancer cell movement, a critical step in the process of metastasis. Cofilin, a critical player of actin dynamics, is spatially and temporally regulated to control the direction and force of membrane extension required for cell locomotion. In carcinoma cells, although the signaling pathways regulating cofilin activity to control cell direction have been established, the molecular machinery required to generate the force of the protrusion remains unclear. We show that the cofilin phosphatase chronophin (CIN) spatiotemporally regulates cofilin activity at the cell edge to generate persistent membrane extension. We show that CIN translocates to the leading edge in a PI3-kinase–, Rac1-, and cofilin-dependent manner after EGF stimulation to activate cofilin, promotes actin free barbed end formation, accelerates actin turnover, and enhances membrane protrusion. In addition, we establish that CIN is crucial for the balance of protrusion/retraction events during cell migration. Thus, CIN coordinates the leading edge dynamics by controlling active cofilin levels to promote MTLn3 cell protrusion.
Serum Estrogen Concentrations during Postnatal Development in Male Pigs

Abstract Serum concentrations of estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estrone sulfate (E,S), and testosterone (T) were quantified in male pigs at 10 ages from 2 weeks to 2 years. Changes in the concentrations of all four of these hormones were characterized by elevated amounts during neonatal development (1 to 3 weeks of age), a nadir for concentration of each hormone between 1 and 3 months of age, an increase during pubertal development with maximal concentrations at 8 months of age, and no further change by 2 years of age. E1S was predominant of the three estrogens at all age groups with mean concentrations that ranged from 2 to 33 ng/ml. E1 was present in higher concentrations during neonatal development than E2, whereas the reverse situation was observed after 4 months of age. Observations from the present study indicate that early neonatal and pubertal development in male pigs are associated with elevated serum estrogen concentrations.
Administration of IgG Fraction of Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita (EBA) Serum into Mice

In order to study the pathogenic role of autoantibodies in the serum of EBA patients, we tried to induce EBA lesions in mice by administration of the IgG fraction of EBA serum via the intraperitoneal (i.p.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) routes into neonatal or adult mice. We also tried to induce EBA lesions in fetuses by intravenous (i.v.) injection of EBA serum into pregnant mice.
Effect of a carbohydrate mouthwash on running time-trial performance

Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of a carbohydrate mouthwash on running time-trial performance. On two separate occasions, seven recreationally active males ([Vdot]O2max 57.8 ml · kg−1 · min−1, s = 3.7) completed a preloaded (15 min at 65%[Vdot]O2max) time-trial of 45 min in duration on a motorized treadmill. At 6-min intervals during the preload and time-trial, participants were given either a 6% maltodextrin, 3% lemon juice solution (carbohydrate trial) or a 3% lemon juice placebo mouthwash (placebo trial) in a double-blind, randomized crossover design. Heart rate, oxygen consumption ([Vdot]O2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during the preload, and blood glucose and lactate were measured before and after the preload and time-trial. There were no significant differences in distance covered between trials (carbohydrate: 9333 m, s = 988; placebo: 9309 m, s = 993). Furthermore, there were no significant between-trial differences in heart rate and running speed during the time-trial, or [Vdot]O2, RER or RPE during the preload. Blood lactate and glucose increased as a result of the exercise protocol, with no between-trial differences. In conclusion, there was no positive effect of a carbohydrate mouthwash on running performance of ∼1 h duration.
Clinical presentations and outcomes of the children with tuberculous meningitis: An experience at a tertiary care hospital.

OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical presentations and outcomes of the children suffering from tuberculous meningitis. METHODS This prospective, descriptive study was conducted at the Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan, from February to December 2015. The Pakistan Paediatric Association scoring chart for tuberculosis was used as a tool for the probable diagnosis. The clinical symptoms with their durations were noted. Clinical stages of tuberculous meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and computerised tomography brain findings were noted for each patient. The outcomes in the form of death or neurological disabilities at the time of hospital discharge were noted. SPSS 19 was used for data analysis. RESULTS Of the 40 participants, 25(62.5%) were males and 15(37.5%) were females. The mean age of the patients was 4.24±3.32 years. Besides, 26(65%) patients were less than 5 years of age. All the patients (100%) were categorised as stage 3 tuberculous meningitis. The history of prolonged duration of fever 39(97.55%) and altered level of sensorium 40(100%) were the most common clinical presentations. Moreover, 2(5%) patients died during this study. All the 38(95%) survivors had neurological disabilities. There were motor deficits in 37(97.4%) patients, altered level of sensorium in 35(92%), cranial nerve palsies in 9(23.5%), epilepsy in 29(76.3%) and hydrocephalus in 32(84%) patients. CONCLUSIONS The children were the most vulnerable group for the worst form of tuberculous meningitis and had a grave outcome.
InLoc: An end-to-end robust indoor localization and routing solution using mobile phones and BLE beacons

This paper discusses `InLoc', an accurate and a robust positioning and tracking system using commercial mobile devices, with an integrated feature of route finding for the user from a source to the desired destination. The system exploits easily available building floor maps in raster form, with an easy conversion to vector model, eliminating the need of specially designed vector maps, thereby making the system scalable for large indoor maps and more implementation friendly. This also enables the vector map to be used in both Particle Filter based IMU tracking, and routing. Additionally, an efficient method for independent fusion of location information from phone IMU sensors and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons is demonstrated. The method caters both dynamic and static properties of the system state. Furthermore, the paper proposes a novel approach for estimating the distance from BLE beacons using RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) measurement. InLoc can be readily used for any size of building floors for applications like tracking, routing and guiding system, emergency evacuation, meeting planners etc. requiring no separate effort to rebuild the vector map from scratch. The system yields a mean tracking error of less than 0.4m in location, and yields 0.9m as an average positioning error using fusion.
Image symmetries: The right balance between evenness and perception

A recent and fascinating interest in computational symmetry for computer vision and computer graphics applications has led to a remarkable realization of new symmetry detection algorithms. Such a concern is culminated in a symmetry detection competition as a workshop affiliated with the 2011 and 2013 CVPR Conferences. In this paper, we propose a method based on the computation of the symmetry level associated to each pixel. Such a value is determined through the energy balance of the even/odd decomposition of a patch with respect to a central axis (which is equivalent to estimate the middle point of a row-wise convolution). Peaks localization along the perpendicular direction of each angle allows to identify possible symmetry axes. The evaluation of a feature based on gradient information allows to establish a classification confidence for each detected axis. By adopting the aforementioned rigorous validation framework, the proposed method indicates significant performance increase.
Mutations in severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) due to JAK3 deficiency

During the last 10 years, an increasing number of genes have been identified whose abnormalities account for primary immunodeficiencies, with defects in development and/or function of the immune system. Among them is the JAK3‐gene, encoding for a tyrosine kinase that is functionally coupled to cytokine receptors which share the common gamma chain. Defects of this gene cause an autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency with almost absent T‐cells and functionally defective B‐cells (T–B+ SCID). Herewith, we present molecular information on the first 27 unique mutations identified in the JAK3 gene, including clinical data on all of the 23 affected patients reported so far. A variety of mutations scattered throughout all seven functional domains of the protein, and with different functional effects, have been identified. Availability of a molecular screening test, based on amplification of genomic DNA, facilitates the diagnostic approach, and has permitted recognition that JAK3 deficiency may also be associated with atypical clinical and immunological features. Development of a structural model of the JAK3 kinase domain has allowed characterization of the functional effects of the various mutations. Most importantly, molecular analysis at the JAK3 locus results in improved genetic counseling, allows early prenatal diagnosis, and prompts appropriate treatment (currently based on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) in affected families. Hum Mutat 18:255–263, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autocalibration of Triaxial MEMS Accelerometers With Automatic Sensor Model Selection

Up to now, little attention has been posed on a principled derivation of the cost function used for autocalibration of MEMS tri-axial accelerometers. By formulating the calibration problem in the context of maximum likelihood estimate, we derive here a general formulation that can be reduced to the classical quadratic cost function under certain hypotheses. Moreover, we adopt the Akaike information criterion to automatically choose the most adequate linear sensor model for the given calibration data set. Experiments on simulated and real data show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Parent perspectives of therapy services for their children with physical disabilities.

BACKGROUND Children who have physical disabilities typically attend occupational and physical therapy services on a regular basis. The importance of being family centred when providing services to children with a disability has been highlighted in recent years. Thus, it was considered important to gather the opinions of parents towards the services their child receives. AIM To explore the perspectives of parents of children with physical disabilities to occupational and physical therapy services provided to their child. METHOD Open interviews were conducted with 17 parents (14 mothers and three fathers) of children aged 7-13, selected through a purposeful sample. Data analysis was based on an inductive approach. RESULTS Nine categories emerged and were organized under three main headings: The role of the therapist, service location and arrangements, and characteristics of good service. Although several positive remarks were made, many parents in this study were poorly informed of intervention goals and what took place during therapy sessions. Most parents wished for mutual respect, joint decision-making in planning intervention, and collaboration with the therapy services. The aspiration for active but manageable roles that did not demand a burdensome amount of the parents' time and energy was evinced. The parents became increasingly critical of the services, as their children grew older. They placed emphasis on services being offered in their local community, and that more specialized service should be centralized, especially for the children with the most complex needs. CONCLUSIONS The results reflect the importance of the needs and wants of the parents and children being respected. Thus, parents should play an active role in defining priorities and strategies for implementation. The results also indicate that therapists need to put more thought into the conditions and environment of the child instead of focusing solely on underlying issues connected to their impairments.
CD34 expression in native human acute myelogenous leukemia blasts: Differences in CD34 membrane molecule expression are associated with different gene expression profiles

The stem cell marker CD34 is expressed by leukemia blasts only for a subset of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). It is still controversial as to whether CD34 expression (defined as at least 10–20% positive cells) has any prognostic effect in patients with AML who receive intensive chemotherapy. The present study investigated whether gene expression profiling could be used to further subclassify CD34+ AML cell populations.