Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic impregnated tablets for screening ESBL and AmpC beta lactamases

Antibiotic resistance is a growing threat. Fifty non repetitive multi drug resistant gram negative bacterial isolates were screened for ESBL, AmpC, ESBL-AmpC co-production using antibiotic tablets. Of these 56% were Escherichia coli, 16% were Klebsiella spp. , 39.6% produced ESBLs, 17.2% AmpC and 13.8% showed co-production. Antibiotic tablets sensitivity for ESBL detection was 93.9% compared to filter paper discs. We emphasize that even small and medium level laboratories should screen for ESBL and AmpC production to check the burden of antibiotic resistance. Use of antibiotic tablets, though costlier can be used especially in tropical countries given their stability during transit from manufacturer to user.
Using climate model simulations to assess the current climate risk to maize production

The relationship between the climate and agricultural production is of considerable importance to global food security. However, there has been relatively little exploration of climate-variability related yield shocks. The short observational yield record does not adequately sample natural inter-annual variability thereby limiting the accuracy of probability assessments. Focusing on the United States and China, we present an innovative use of initialised ensemble climate simulations and a new agro-climatic indicator, to calculate the risk of severe water stress. Combined, these regions provide 60% of the world’s maize, and therefore, are crucial to global food security. To probe a greater range of inter-annual variability, the indicator is applied to 1400 simulations of the present day climate. The probability of severe water stress in the major maize producing regions is quantified, and in many regions an increased risk is found compared to calculations from observed historical data. Analysis suggests that the present day climate is also capable of producing unprecedented severe water stress conditions. Therefore, adaptation plans and policies based solely on observed events from the recent past may considerably under-estimate the true risk of climate-related maize shocks. The probability of a major impact event occurring simultaneously across both regions—a multi-breadbasket failure—is estimated to be up to 6% per decade and arises from a physically plausible climate state. This novel approach highlights the significance of climate impacts on crop production shocks and provides a platform for considerably improving food security assessments, in the present day or under a changing climate, as well as development of new risk based climate services.
Maritime inventory routing problem with multiple time windows

This paper considers a maritime inventory routing problem with multiple time windows. The typical time windows considered that certain ports permit ships entering and leaving during the daytime only due to various operational limitations. We have developed an exact algorithm to represent this problem. However, due to the excessive computational time required for solving the model, we have proposed a multi-heuristics based genetic algorithm. The multi-heuristics are composed of a set of strategies that correspond to four decision points: ship selection, ship routing, the product type and the quantity of loading and unloading products. The experimental results show that the multi-heuristics can obtain acceptable solutions within a reasonable computational time. Moreover, the flexibility to add or remove the strategies means that the proposed method would not be difficult to implement for other variants of the maritime inventory routing problem.
De novo Shoot Organogenesis from Cultured Root Explants of Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham.ex Wall.: An Endangered Medicinal Plant.

In vitro regeneration of plants from root cultures of Swertia chirata Buch. -Ham. ex Wall was obtained. Root explants from axenic shoot cultures were used for shoot induction. Optimal shoot regeneration without any callus intervention was observed on 1/2 MS (Murashige and Skoog's medium, 1962) + 4.44 µM 6, benzylaminopurine (BAP) +1.07 µM �-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Regenerated shoots were further multiplied on full strength MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators. Maximum shoot multiplication was achieved on MS medium fortified with 4.44 µM BAP + 2.85 µM indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) + 271.45 µM adenine sulphate (Ads). Best results of rooting were observed on 1/2 strength MS medium containing 4.90 µM IBA. Plants with well-developed shoots and roots were successfully hardened with over 80% survivability. (Nature and Science 2010;8(9):244-252). (ISSN: 1545-0740).
Low ON-Resistance GaN Schottky Barrier Diode With High  $V_{\mathrm{ON}}$  Uniformity Using LPCVD Si3N4 Compatible Self-Terminated, Low Damage Anode Recess Technology

In this letter, we demonstrate a recessed-anode Schottky barrier diode (SBD) on a double AlGaN/GaN heterojunction structure. A self-terminated, oxidation/wet etching with low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> mask is applied in the anode recess process. Unlike common plasma-based, dry etching techniques, the etched surface is not subjected to ion bombardment, and the etch depth is precisely controlled. As a result, a high effective channel mobility of 1079 cm<sup>2</sup>/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {V}~\cdot ~\text {s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is maintained in the channel beneath the recess surface. The fabricated devices with a 15-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> anode-to-cathode distance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L} _{\mathrm {AC}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) are found to exhibit a uniform, low turn-ON voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_\mathrm {ON}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 0.69 ± 0.03 V, and a low specific on-resistance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R} _{\mathrm{ON,SP}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 2.83 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega \cdot \text {cm}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The SBDs also show excellent off-state blocking characteristics due to the smooth recess interface together with the assistance of LPCVD grown Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. A breakdown voltage of 1190 V is achieved for the SBDs with 15-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}~{L} _{\mathrm {AC}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at a leakage current criteria of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1~\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/mm, and the Baliga’s figure-of-merit is 500 MW/cm<sup>2</sup>.
Monitoring Reaction Paths Using Vibrational Spectroscopies: The Case of the Dehydrogenation of Propane toward Propylene on Pd-Doped Cu(111) Surface

Monitoring reaction paths is not only a fundamental scientific issue but also helps us to understand and optimize the catalytic process. Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies are powerful tools for detecting particular molecules or intermediate products as a result of their ability to provide the molecular “finger-print”. However, theoretical modeling for the vibrational spectra of molecular adsorbates on metallic surfaces is a long-standing challenge, because accurate descriptions of the electronic structure for both the metallic substrates and adsorbates are required. In the present work, we applied a quasi-analytical IR and Raman simulation method to monitor the dehydrogenation of propane towards propylene on a Pd-doped Cu(111) surface in real-time. Different Pd ensembles were used to construct the single-atom catalyst (SAC). We found that the number of sublayer Pd atoms could only affect the intensity of the peak rather than the peak position on the vibrational spectra. However, with the dehydrogenation reaction proceeding, both IR and Raman spectra were changed greatly, which indicates that every reaction step can be distinguished from the point of view of vibrational spectroscopies. Additionally, we found that the catalytic process, which starts from different initial states, shows different spectral profiles. The present results suggest that the vibrational spectroscopies obtained by the high-precision simulations pave the way for identifying different catalytic reaction paths.
Intergenerational resource transfers with random offspring numbers

A problem common to biology and economics is the transfer of resources from parents to children. We consider the issue under the assumption that the number of offspring is unknown and can be represented as a random variable. There are 3 basic assumptions. The first assumption is that a given body of resources can be divided into consumption (yielding satisfaction) and transfer to children. The second assumption is that the parents' welfare includes a concern for the welfare of their children; this is recursive in the sense that the children's welfares include concern for their children and so forth. However, the welfare of a child from a given consumption is counted somewhat differently (generally less) than that of the parent (the welfare of a child is “discounted”). The third assumption is that resources transferred may grow (or decline). In economic language, investment, including that in education or nutrition, is productive. Under suitable restrictions, precise formulas for the resulting allocation of resources are found, demonstrating that, depending on the shape of the utility curve, uncertainty regarding the number of offspring may or may not favor increased consumption. The results imply that wealth (stock of resources) will ultimately have a log-normal distribution.
Earth return path impedances of underground cables for the two-layer earth case

The influence of earth stratification on underground power cable impedances is investigated in this paper. A rigorous solution of the electromagnetic field for the case of underground conductors and a two-layer earth is presented. Analytic expressions for the self and mutual impedances of the cable are derived. The involved semi-infinite integrals are calculated by a novel, numerically stable, and efficient integration scheme. Typical single-core cable arrangements are examined for a combination of layer depths and earth resistivities, based on actual measurements. The accuracy of the results over a wide frequency range is justified by a proper finite-element method formulation. The differences in cable impedances due to earth stratification are presented. Finally, a simple switching transient simulation is examined to evaluate the influence of the earth stratification on transient voltages and currents.
Population structure analysis of the neglected parasite Thelazia callipaeda revealed high genetic diversity in Eastern Asia isolates

Background Thelazia callipaeda is the causative agent of thelaziasis in canids, felids and humans. However, the population genetic structure regarding this parasite remains unclear. Methodology/principal findings In this study, we first explored the genetic variation of 32 T. callipaeda clinical isolates using the following multi-molecular markers: cox1, cytb, 12S rDNA, ITS1 and 18S rDNA. The isolates were collected from 13 patients from 11 geographical locations in China. Next, the population structure of T. callipaeda from Europe and other Asian countries was analyzed using the cox1 sequences collected during this study and from the GenBank database. In general, the Chinese clinical isolates of T. callipaeda expressed high genetic diversity. Based on the cox1 gene, a total of 21 haplotypes were identified. One only circulated in European countries (Hap1), while the other 20 haplotypes were dispersed in Korea, Japan and China. There were five nucleotide positions in the cox1 sequences that were confirmed as invariable among individuals from Europe and Asia, but the sequences were distinct between these two regions. Population differences between Europe and Asian countries were greater than those among China, Korea and Japan. The T. callipaeda populations from Europe and Asia should be divided into two separate sub-populations. These two groups started to diverge during the middle Pleistocene. Neutrality tests, mismatch distribution and Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) analysis all rejected possible population expansion of T. callipaeda. Conclusions The Asian population of T. callipaeda has a high level of genetic diversity, but further studies should be performed to explore the biology, ecology and epidemiology of T. callipaeda.
The UV-Optical Galaxy Color-Magnitude Diagram. III. Constraints on Evolution from the Blue to the Red Sequence

We introduce a new quantity, the mass flux density of galaxies evolving from the blue sequence to the red sequence. We propose a simple technique for constraining this mass flux using the volume-corrected number density in the extinction-corrected UV-optical color-magnitude distribution, the stellar age indexes HδA and Dn(4000) , and a simple prescription for spectral evolution using a quenched star formation history. We exploit the excellent separation of red and blue sequences in the NUV − r band Hess function. The final value we measure, ρ̇T = 0.033 M☉ yr−1 Mpc−3, is strictly speaking an upper limit due to the possible contributions of bursting, composite, and extincted galaxies. However, it compares favorably with estimates of the average mass flux that we make based on the red luminosity function evolution derived from the DEEP2 and COMBO-17 surveys, ρ̇R = +0.034 M☉ yr−1 Mpc−3. We find that the blue sequence mass has remained roughly constant since z = 1 (ρ̇B ≃ 0.01 M☉ yr−1 Mpc−3), but the average on-going star formation of ρ̇SF ≃ 0.037 M☉ yr−1 Mpc−3 over 0 < z < 1 is balanced by mass flux off the blue sequence. We explore the nature of the galaxies in the transition zone with particular attention to the frequency and impact of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The AGN fraction peaks in the transition zone. We find circumstantial, albeit weak evidence that the quench rates are higher in higher luminosity AGNs.
Health Related Lifestyle Behaviors among Students at a Vocational Education Center in Turkey

Background: This study assessed health promoting lifestyle behaviors (HPLP) among apprentices trained in the Kayseri Turkey Vocational Education Center. Methods: This descriptive study was performed in 2012 in a province of Turkey. The study group included a cohort of 332 students attending the Vocational Education Center. All data were collected by using a 54-item (6-item related with socio-demographic and 48 item related with HPLP Scale) questionnaire. Data were evaluated by independent t test, One-Way Anova and Multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: In the study group, 88.0% were male and 12.0% were female. The mean age of participants was 17.1 ± 1.5 years. The mean HPLP scale score was 111.2 ± 22.0. The mean sub-scale scores were as follows: self-actualization 34.6 ± 7.5, interpersonal relations 18.6 ± 4.3, exercise 9.4 ± 3.0, nutrition 13.9 ± 3.5, stress management 16.2 ± 4.0, and health responsibility 18.6 ± 5.7. Age groups, regular payment and job satisfaction were significant variables for sub-scales of HPLP. In the regression analysis, job satisfaction had a significant impact on HPLP sub-scale scores. Conclusions: Healthy lifestyle behaviors were moderate level among students. Physical activity and health responsibility scores were the lowest scores. “Health Protection and Development” should be included as a standard component of vocational education.
Spherical tokamak development in Brazil

This paper describes the general characteristics of spherical tokamaks, or spherical tori, with a brief overview of work in this area already performed or in progress at several institutions worldwide. The paper presents also the steps in the development of the ETE (Experimento Tokamak Esferico) project, its research program, technical characteristics and operating conditions as of December, 2002 at the Associated Plasma Laboratory (LAP) of the National Space Research Institute (INPE) in Brazil.
Active Damping Scheme for Leakage Current Reduction in Transformerless Three-Phase Grid-Connected PV Inverters

This paper analyzes the benefits of the active damping applied to transformerless three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters using modified LCL (MLCL) filter for leakage current reduction. In comparison with passive damping techniques, the active damping can reduce the MLCL filter resonance peaks, improving the dynamic performance of the control system without addition of power losses. Besides these classical advantages, this paper demonstrates that the active damping also contributes for PV leakage current reduction, preserving the high-frequency attenuation of the MLCL filter. Additionally, an active damping for the inverter common-mode circuit is also proposed, reducing the low-frequency leakage current caused by the common-mode signal used to extend the inverter modulation index. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the leakage current reduction and the grid current control for a 10 kW PV inverter.
A novel adenine-based metal organic framework derived nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon for flexible solid-state supercapacitor

In this article, we have synthesized a series of nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon (NPC) from metal organic framework of UiO-66 with different ratios of adenine and 1,4-benzendicarboxylate (H2BDC) coated on carbon nanotube film (CNTF) to obtain a flexible porous electrode (NPC/CNTF). It is worth noting that the introduction of adenine at different ratios did not change the structure of UiO-66. We also investigated the effect of carbonization temperature from 800 to 1000°C on the electrochemical properties of the NPC. The ratio (H2BDC:adenine) 9 : 1 and the NPC carbonized at 900°C (denoted as NPC-1-900) exhibits better electrochemical properties. The results show that NPC-1-900/CNTF electrode exhibits an exceptional areal capacitance of 121.5 mF cm−2 compared to that of PC-900/CNTF electrode (22.8 mF cm−2) at 5 mV s−1 in a three-electrode system, indicating that the incorporation of nitrogen is beneficial to the electrochemical properties of nanoporous carbon. A symmetric flexible solid-state supercapacitor of NPC-1-900/CNTF has also been assembled and tested. Electrochemical data show that the device exhibited superior areal capacitance (43.2 mF cm−2) at the scan rate of 5 mV s−1; the volumetric energy density is 57.3 µWh cm−3 and the volumetric power density is 2.4 mW cm−3 at the current density of 0.5 mA cm−2 based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/H3PO4 gel electrolyte. For practical application, we have also studied the bending tests of the device, which show that the device exhibits outstanding mechanical stability under different bending angles. Furthermore, the flexible device shows excellent cyclic stability, which can retain 91.5% of the initial capacitance after 2000 cycles.
Assessing Parenting Behaviors across Racial Groups: Implications for the Child Welfare System

Black families are disproportionately represented in the child welfare system. This may in part result from racial bias in judgments made by those who report and investigate child maltreatment. However, little is known about how race influences judgments about parenting. This article relies on data from a population‐based survey to examine whether the race of interviewers, relative to the race of families they interview, influences parenting assessments. It reports evidence of racial bias in some measures of interviewer‐assessed parenting behaviors. Racial bias is more pronounced for measures that require subjective assessments on the part of interviewers.
Optimization Studies for Enhancing Cellulase Production by Penicillium janthinellum Mutant EU2D-21 Using Response Surface Methodology

Extracellular fungal cellulases are key enzymes for the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. Greater production of these enzymes could reduce the cost of biofuels production. In this study, the basal medium for cellulase production by a Penicillium janthinellum mutant (EU2D-21) in submerged fermentation conditions was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Initial studies using a Plackett-Burman design (PBD) showed that (NH4)2SO4 and urea are significant factors for improving β-glucosidase and FPase production. A central composite design (CCD) was applied to obtain the maximum response, which resulted in the optimal production of β-glucosidase (5.79 IU/mL) and FPase (5.76 IU/mL). These values were 1.87 and 1.67 times higher than the corresponding values obtained under un-optimized conditions.
Features extraction of electromyography signals in time domain on biceps brachii muscle

Electromyography (EMG) is widely used in various fields to investigate the muscular activities. Since EMG signals contain a wealth of information about muscle functions, there are many approaches in analyzing the EMG signals. It is important to know the features that can be extracting from the EMG signal. The ideal feature is important for the achievement in EMG analysis. Hence, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the features extraction of time domain from the EMG signal. The experiment was setup according to surface electromyography for noninvasive assessment of muscle (SENIAM). The recorded data was analyzed in time domain to get the features. Based on the analysis, three features have been considered based on statistical features. The features was then been evaluate by getting the percentage error of each feature. The less percentage error determines the ideal feature. The results shows that the extracted features of the EMG signals in time domain can be implement in signal classification. These findings could be integrated to design a signal classification based on the features extraction.
Heat spreading revisited – effective heat spreading angle

There is probably no thermal engineer who has not yet developed his or her own spreadsheet to calculate the thermal resistance of a layered structure such as the chip / die-attach / lead-frame stack in a power semiconductor. The more sophisticated versions of such spreadsheets consider also the effect of heat-spreading inside the layers, usually assuming a constant spreading angle which is often chosen to be 45°. As simple as this approach is as poor are often the results compared to Finite Element simulations or measurements. Herein we propose a definition of the effective heat-spreading angle which is based on the local variation of the heat-flux density along the heat-flow path. Using this definition it is possible to accurately calculate the heat-spreading angle inside a given structure and thus to develop more accurate heat spreading models e.g. for spreadsheet calculations.
Price Setting Behavior in Spain: Stylized Facts Using Consumer Price Micro Data

This paper identifies the basic features of the price setting mechanism in the Spanish economy, using a large dataset that contains over 1.1 million price records and covers around 70% of the expenditure on the CPI basket. In particular, the paper identifies differences in the frequency and size of price adjustments across types of products and explores how these general features are affected by certain specific factors: seasonality, the level of inflation, changes in indirect taxation and the practice of using psychological and round prices. We find that prices do not change often but do so by a large amount, although there is a marked heterogeneity across products. Moreover, the high frequency of price reductions suggests that there is no strong downward rigidity. Our evidence also supports the use of time and state-dependent pricing strategies. JEL Classification: E31, D40, C25