Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Neurological Outcome After Surgery for Brain Arteriovenous Malformation

Background and Purpose We sought to define determinants of neurological deficit after surgery for brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Methods One hundred twenty-four prospective patients (48% women, mean age 33 years) underwent microsurgical brain AVM resection. Patients were examined by 3 study neurologists immediately before surgery, postoperatively in-hospital, by in-person long-term follow-up, and with a structured telephone follow-up. They were classified according to the 5-point Spetzler-Martin grading system, with its 3 elements: size, venous drainage pattern, and location. The functional neurological status was classified with the modified Rankin scale. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to test the effect of patient age, gender, and the 3 Spetzler-Martin elements on early and long-term postoperative neurological complications. Results Twelve patients (10%) were classified as Spetzler-Martin grade 1; 36 (29%) as grade 2; 47 (38%) as grade 3; 26 (21%) as grade 4; and 3 (2%) as grade 5. Postoperatively, in-hospital, 51 patients (41%) showed new neurological deficits (15% disabling [ie, Rankin scale score >2] and 26% nondisabling [ie, Rankin 1 or 2]). At long-term follow-up (mean follow-up time 12 months), 47 patients (38%) revealed surgery-related neurological deficits (6% disabling; 32% nondisabling). The rate of neurological complications increased by Spetzler-Martin grade. Female gender, AVM size, and deep venous drainage were significantly associated with neurological deficits at in-hospital and long-term evaluation. For patient age and AVM location, no significant association was found. Conclusions The findings suggest that female gender, AVM size, and AVM drainage into the deep venous system may be determinants of neurological deficit after microsurgical AVM resection.
Microcosm-based analyses of Scots pine seedling growth, ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure and bacterial carbon utilization profiles in boreal forest humus and underlying illuvial mineral horizons.

We report on the identity of indigenous mycorrhiza forming fungi and rhizosphere/mycorrhizosphere bacterial community carbon source utilization profiles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings grown in boreal forest humus (O) or illuvial (B) mineral horizon containing microcosm growth systems. Based on rDNA (ITS)-RFLP analyses, a total of 10 fungal RFLP taxa were identified from pre-morphotyped mycorrhizas on 7-month-old seedling roots. Hierarchical cluster analysis, including corresponding RFLPs of known fungal species, confirmed root colonization by eight mycorrhizal species. In the O horizon, roots were colonized by e.g. Suillus bovinus, Suillus variegatus, Cenococcum geophilum, Piloderma croceum, Thelephora terrestris and Russula vinicolor. Mycobiont diversity in the mineral B horizon was lower but included Piceirhiza bicolorata and both Suillus species which produced extensive extramatrical mycelium. In comparison to non-colonized soils, rhizosphere and mycorrhizosphere compartments supported significantly higher numbers of bacteria (mean range 10(8)-10(11) cells g(-1) fresh weight (fw)). Specific rhizosphere/mycorrhizosphere 'niche'-linked bacterial communities were detected following multivariate analyses (PCA and CA) of bacterial carbon utilization profiles (Biolog(R) GN microplate). Distinct preferences for amino and carboxylic acids were identified in mineral B horizon rhizospheres whereas a wider range of carbon sources were utilized in the fungal-dominated mycorrhizospheres irrespective of soil types.
Characterization and replication properties of the Zymomonas mobilis ATCC 10988 plasmids pZMO1 and pZMO2.

The complete nucleotide sequences of two small cryptic Zymomonas mobilis ATCC 10988 plasmids (pZMO1 and pZMO2) were determined. The plasmids showed 67% homology to each other at their nucleotide level. Plasmid pZMO1 was 1651 bp long with 38% G + C content and contained an open reading frame (ORFZMO1) of 1044 nucleotides. ORFZMO1 is predicted to encode a polypeptide of 348 amino acids and shows a high degree of homology with gram-negative replication proteins of rolling circle replicating plasmids, which belong to the pC194/pUB110 family. Plasmid pZMO2 was found to be 1669 bp long, with a 38.5% G + C content, and it contained an ORF of 552 nucleotides (ORFZMO2) encoding a putative polypeptide of 184 amino acids. This polypeptide also shows a high degree of homology with the replication proteins of RCR plasmids of gram-negative bacteria, but only at their N-termini. The region necessary for replication of both plasmids was determined by stability tests under nonselective conditions, following cloning in pBR325 and introduction in Z. mobilis ATCC 10988 by pRK2013 assisted conjugation. Double- and single-strand origin regions were predicted by sequence analysis. Detection of single-stranded DNA in the extract of exponentially growing cells confirmed experimentally the rolling circle replication mode of at least pZMO2.
Do Individual Day Traders Make Money? Evidence from Taiwan

When an investor buys and sells the same stock on the same day, he has made a day trade. We analyze the performance of day traders in Taiwan. Day trading by individual investors is prevalent in Taiwan – accounting for over 20 percent of total volume from 1995 through 1999. Individual investors account for over 97 percent of all day trading activity. Day trading is extremely concentrated. About one percent of individual investors account for half of day trading and one fourth of total trading by individual investors. Heavy day traders earn gross profits, but their profits are not sufficient to cover transaction costs. Moreover, in the typical six month period, more than eight out of ten day traders lose money. Despite these bleak findings, there is strong evidence of persistent ability for a relatively small group of day traders. Traders with strong past performance continue to earn strong returns. The stocks they buy outperform those they sell by 62 basis points per day. This spread is sufficiently large to cover transaction costs.
Branched oligosaccharide structures on HBV prevent interaction with both DC‐SIGN and L‐SIGN

Summary. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus that infects the liver as primary target. Currently, a high affinity receptor for HBV is still unknown. The dendritic cell specific C‐type lectin DC‐SIGN is involved in pathogen recognition through mannose and fucose containing carbohydrates leading to the induction of an anti‐viral immune response. Many glycosylated viruses subvert this immune surveillance function and exploit DC‐SIGN as a port of entry and for trans‐infection of target cells. The glycosylation pattern on HBV surface antigens (HBsAg) together with the tissue distribution of HBV would allow interaction between HBV and DC‐SIGN and its liver‐expressed homologue L‐SIGN. Therefore, a detailed study to investigate the binding of HBV to DC‐SIGN and L‐SIGN was performed. For HCV, both DC‐SIGN and L‐SIGN are known to bind envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2. Soluble DC‐SIGN and L‐SIGN specifically bound HCV virus‐like particles, but no interaction with either HBsAg or HepG2.2. 15‐derived HBV was detected. Also, neither DC‐SIGN nor L‐SIGN transfected Raji cells bound HBsAg. In contrast, highly mannosylated HBV, obtained by treating HBV producing HepG2.2. 15 cells with the α‐mannosidase I inhibitor kifunensine, is recognized by DC‐SIGN. The α‐mannosidase I trimming of N‐linked oligosaccharide structures thus prevents recognition by DC‐SIGN. On the basis of these findings, it is tempting to speculate that HBV exploits mannose trimming as a way to escape recognition by DC‐SIGN and thereby subvert a possible immune activation response.
AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Control of mTORC1 Is p53- and TSC2-independent in Pemetrexed-treated Carcinoma Cells*

Background: The antifolate pemetrexed (PTX) and the nucleoside AICAR both activate AMPK via ZMP accumulation. Results: AICAR-activated AMPK signals to both TSC2 and Raptor arms of mTORC1 control, whereas PTX-activated AMPK uses only the Raptor arm because p53-mediated transcription is not activated. Conclusion: Raptor phosphorylation by PTX-activated AMPK is necessary and sufficient to suppress mTORC1 in carcinomas. Significance: PTX suppression of mTORC1 is p53- and TSC2-independent. The key sensor of energy status in mammalian cells, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), can also be activated by the AMP analog aminoimidazolecarboxamide nucleoside monophosphate (ZMP) generated directly from aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) or from inhibition of purine synthesis by the antifolate pemetrexed (PTX), a drug used extensively in the treatment of lung cancers. Despite this common mechanism, signaling downstream of AMPK activated by PTX or AICAR differed. AICAR-activated AMPK inhibited mTORC1 both directly by phosphorylation of the mTORC1 subunit Raptor and indirectly by phosphorylation of the regulator TSC2. In contrast, PTX-activated AMPK inhibited mTORC1 solely through Raptor phosphorylation. This dichotomy was due to p53 function. Transcription of p53 target genes, including TSC2, was activated by AICAR but not by PTX. Although both PTX and AICAR stabilized p53, only AICAR activated Chk2 phosphorylation, stimulating p53-dependent transcription. However, Raptor phosphorylation by AMPK was independent of p53 and was sufficient, after PTX treatment, to inhibit mTORC1. We concluded that PTX effects on mTORC1 were independent of TSC2 and p53 and that the activation of a p53 transcriptional response by AICAR was due to an activation of Chk2 that was not elicited by PTX.
Conceptual relations between loneliness and culture

Purpose of review To clarify ways in which loneliness and culture are connected conceptually. Recent findings Loneliness may be distinguished from being alone or social isolation by a common property of loneliness across cultures – that is, an undesired absence of reciprocal empathic understanding. Cultural meanings shape the experience of loneliness in that they create expectations of the nature and the extent of closeness in relationships as well as social connectedness. Conversely, the extent and nature of loneliness in a culture may be described as a property of that very culture, allowing one to speak of ‘a culture of loneliness’. Accordingly, a culture of loneliness is found in both individualist and communal cultures, but of different kinds. A third conceptual relation may be described as a cultural loneliness, whereby someone is lonely while being in a foreign culture that leaves one feeling not understood and not able to reciprocate understanding about cultural meanings. Summary Loneliness shares common features across cultures, yet culture shapes it and is shaped by it.
Tau PET in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment

Objective: To investigate the topographical distribution of tau pathology and its effect on functional and structural changes in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by using 18F-AV-1451 PET. Methods: We included 20 patients with AD, 15 patients with MCI, and 20 healthy controls, and performed neuropsychological function tests, MRI, as well as 18F-florbetaben (for amyloid) and 18F-AV-1451 (for tau) PET scans. By using the regional volume-of-interest masks extracted from MRIs, regional binding values of standardized uptake value ratios and volumes were measured. We compared regional binding values among 3 diagnostic groups and identified correlations among the regional binding values, performance in each cognitive function test, and regional atrophy. Results: 18F-AV-1451 binding was increased only in the entorhinal cortex in patients with MCI, while patients with AD exhibited greater binding in most cortical regions. In the 35 patients with MCI and AD, 18F-AV-1451 binding in most of the neocortex increased with a worsening of global cognitive function. The visual and verbal memory functions were associated with the extent of 18F-AV-1451 binding, especially in the medial temporal regions. The 18F-AV-1451 binding also correlated with the severity of regional atrophy of the cerebral cortex. Conclusions: Tau PET imaging with 18F-AV-1451 could serve as an in vivo biomarker for the evaluation of AD-related tau pathology and monitoring disease progression. The accumulation of pathologic tau is more closely related to functional and structural deterioration in the AD spectrum than β-amyloid.
Institutional investors and the credibility of open market repurchases in illiquid markets: evidence from Taiwan

ABSTRACT This paper examines the issue of information advantages via observing the trading behaviour of foreign and domestic institutional investors during the entire execution periods of open market repurchases in Taiwan. A credibility index (foresighted) is constructed to measure the false signal of OMR firms. We find that foreign institutional investors possess an information advantage over domestic institutional investors. They buy companies with higher credibility, whereas domestic institutional investors cannot distinguish between true and false signals, signifying that foreign institutional investors are sophisticated and possess specialised investment experiences. In addition, we find that foreign institutional investors hold high-credibility firms because those firms are linked with higher excess returns than firms with lower credibility.
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL

Currently one of the issues that is booming is knowledge management and its implementation in enterprises taking this as a tool to achieve a better position in the market and have a sustainable competitive advantage over time. In this article we try to develop different conceptions of intellectual capital by different authors, in which each of them mention how to manage and measure intangible assets in various companies. It is important to implement a strategy focused on creating value using a correct quantification of all assets employed, including intangible assets. In a world where knowledge and the continued innovation have been taken relevance it is important to value intangible assets, although rarely are featured in the books, despite be a key success factor because they are often based on competitive advantages. To generate these advantages in this versatile and competitive world, you need to try to quantify what the value of the organization in 1 (UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DEL URUGUAY) ayelenracedo@hotmail.com; 2 (UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DEL URUGUAY) flor.29@hotmail.es; 3 (UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DEL URUGUAY) mpc1292@hotmail.com 4 (UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DEL URUGUAY) rlaporta@ucu.edu. uy Racedo, A. ; Alvez, F. ; Perez, M. ; Laporta, R. REVISTA DE ESTUDOS CONTÁBEIS, LONDRINA, V. 4, N. 6, P. 3-20, JAN./JUN. 2013. 4 the market and thus to achieve a point of comparison with other companies in the middle. For this reason, in order to make an accurate measurement of the value of the organization, we used a case study at the end of the work, which is intended to reflect an approximation of its quantification.
Banking the Unbanked: What Do 255 Million New Bank Accounts Reveal about Financial Access?

In this ongoing study, we use the largest financial inclusion program in the world to study the role of financial inclusion on the unbanked and the real economy. Using administrative account level micro data, we find that the program led to 255 million new bank account openings in India (as of November 2016). About 77% of the new accounts maintain a positive balance and usage increases over time with inward and outward remittances being the most common transaction performed by the individuals. While the average usage remains initially quite infrequent, the usage patterns under the program gradually converge over time to those of similar households who had prior access to formal banking products. This evidence is consistent with learning by individuals that results in an increase in usage over time as they gain familiarity with banking services. Exploiting regional variation in ex-ante financial access, we find an increase in lending and defaults on new loans in regions with low ex-ante access to banking services. These results are consistent with banks catering to the new demand for formal banking credit by previously unbanked borrowers.
Circulating Lipocalin 2 Levels Predict Fracture‐Related Hospitalizations in Elderly Women: A Prospective Cohort Study

Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) or neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL) is expressed in a wide range of cells and pathological states. Mounting evidence suggests lipocalin 2 may be an important regulator of bone homeostasis. Recently it has been suggested LCN2 is a novel mechanoresponsive gene central to the pathological response to low mechanical force. We undertook a prospective study of 1009 elderly women over 70 years of age to study the association between circulating LCN2 and potential associated variables, including estimated glomerular filtration rate, physical activity, and baseline measures of hip bone density and heel bone quality. Osteoporotic fractures requiring hospitalizations were identified from the Western Australian Data Linkage System. Over 14.5 years, 272 (27%) of women sustained an osteoporotic fracture‐related hospitalization; of these, 101 were hip fractures. Circulating LCN2 levels were correlated with body mass index and estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.249, p < 0.001 and r = –0.481, p < 0.001, respectively) that modified the association with hip and heel bone measures. Per standard deviation increase in LCN2, there was a 30% multivariable‐adjusted increase in the risk of any osteoporotic fracture (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.50, p < 0.001). In participants with elevated LCN2 levels above the median (76.6 ng/mL), there was an 80% to 81% increase in the risk of any osteoporotic or hip fracture (HR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.38–2.36, p < 0.001 and HR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.16–2.78, p = 0.008, respectively). These associations remained significant after adjustment for total hip bone mineral density (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that circulating LCN2 levels predict future risk of osteoporotic fractures requiring hospitalization. Measurement of LCN2 levels may improve fracture prediction in addition to current fracture risk factors in the elderly, particularly in those with impaired renal function. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Compact Tri-Band Bandpass Filter Based on $\lambda/4$ Resonators With U-Folded Coupled-Line

This letter presents a novel compact microstrip tri-band bandpass filter (BPF) based on <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\lambda/4$</tex> </formula> resonators. The first and third passbands are realized by coupling the two dual-band <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\lambda/4$</tex> </formula> stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) with synthesized frequency response. Meanwhile, the second passband in the middle is achieved by introducing the two coupled <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\lambda/4$</tex> </formula> uniform impedance resonators (UIRs). A non-uniform coupled-line with the U-folded shape on one line is then proposed to independently achieve the dissimilar external couplings as desired in the tri-passbands. In parallel, the quadruplet topology for each band is formulated by introducing an additional weak I/O cross coupling, thereby bringing one pair of transmission zeros at each side of all the triple passbands, In final, a tri-band BPF with the central frequencies of 1.8, 3.5, and 5.8 GHz, and respective fractional bandwidths of 7.0%, 5.0%, and 3.5% is designed and fabricated. The measured results show good consistence with the simulated ones.
Joint decoding: Extracting the correlation among user pairs in a multi-way relay channel

This paper describes a novel mechanism for joint decoding of the network coded symbols in a multi-way relay node. The mechanism, based on belief propagation algorithm, utilizes the correlation between adjacent network coded symbols to minimize the error propagation problem significantly, compared with previous methods. In case of increasing degree of asynchrony, disjoint decoding exhibits poorer error performance, whereas joint decoding helps to maintain the performance level close to that in the synchronous case both in additive white Gaussian noise and fading channels. Thus, this method adds robustness to the multi-way relay channel against channel imperfections like asynchronism and fading in practical propagation environments.
Pleomorphic Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasms: A Variant Commonly Confused with Adenocarcinoma

Most pancreatic endocrine neoplasms (PENs) have distinctive endocrine growth patterns and uniform nuclear morphology; they are regarded as relatively low-grade tumors. Significant nuclear pleomorphism is a feature that may raise concerns about aggressive behavior or even obscure the endocrine nature of the neoplasm. Eight PENs exhibiting marked nuclear pleomorphism (>20% of the tumor cells) were identified during a review of 136 PENs (5.9%) from the pathology files of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. The histologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural (4 cases), and clinical features were reviewed. There were 6 males and 2 females ranging from 30 to 69 years (mean, 55 years). The tumors averaged 5.8 cm (range, 1.5-14 cm). Six tumors (75%) were initially misdiagnosed in 5 cases as adenocarcinoma and in one as solid-pseudopapillary tumor; in 2 cases, the misdiagnosis was based on fine needle aspiration cytology and in 4 on histologic examination. The architectural features of the tumors resembled those of other PENs, but the nuclei were markedly enlarged, irregularly shaped, and hyperchromatic, with frequent bizarre forms. Cells with pleomorphic nuclei also generally had abundant cytoplasm, sometimes with large perinuclear glassy inclusions. The mitotic rate was not elevated compared with other PENs, averaging 1.9 (range, 0-7) per 50 high power fields. Immunohistochemical findings were (number positive/number stained): chromogranin (8 of 8), synaptophysin (7 of 8), progesterone receptor (4 of 7), CD99 (2 of 5), S-100 protein (3 of 7), and p53 (0 of 6). Scattered cells expressed peptide hormones in a minority of cases. By electron microscopy, abundant dense core granules were identified, in some cases embedded within perinuclear arrays of intermediate filaments. Six patients underwent curative resection; at follow-up, 4 were free of disease at 11, 13, 30, 112 months (mean, 42 months), 1 developed liver metastases at 77 months and was alive with disease at 94 months, and 1 was lost to follow-up. Two patients had unresectable tumors and were alive with disease at 10 and 78 months. Striking nuclear pleomorphism may occur in otherwise typical PENs and commonly causes difficulties in the distinction from adenocarcinoma. There does not appear to be prognostic significance to these nuclear changes, and the morphologic features of pleomorphic PENs otherwise resemble those of their conventional counterparts.