Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surgery for Deep Endometriosis: A Pathogenesis-Oriented Approach

Background: Deep endometriosis is usually associated with severe symptoms and constitutes a complex treatment challenge. Methods: The available evidence has been revisited with the aim of defining an effective diagnostic workup and a safe surgical strategy based on pathogenetic findings. Results: Vaginal, rectal, and bladder detrusor endometriosis appear to be caused by intraperitoneal seeding of regurgitated endometrial cells which implant in the posterior and anterior cul-de-sac and trigger an inflammatory process leading to adhesion of contiguous organs. Excision of posterior deep lesions implies removal of a fibrotic cast of the Douglas’s pouch which may involve the posterior vaginal fornix and the rectal muscular layer, with a not negligible risk of major complications. Removal of full-thickness bladder detrusor endometriosis entails excision of the bladder dome or posterior wall, generally well above the trigone. Transurethral resection is contraindicated. A radical approach to obstructive uropathy is suggested, with resection of the stenotic ureteral tract and reimplantation with antireflux vesicoureteral plasty. Conclusion: Infiltrating endometriotic lesions appear to originate intraperitoneally sharing common pathogenetic mechanisms. Involvement of the intestinal and urologic apparatuses should be identified before surgery, in order to schedule intraoperative consultation and to inform the woman about the type of intervention required and its potential sequelae.
Advertising, Investor Attention, and Stock Prices: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Investors pay attention to stocks when interesting, value-relevant events occur at firms, making it difficult to separate the effect of attention on equity prices from the effect of underlying events on prices. To identify the direct effect of investor attention, I study events that place millions of Americans’ attention on firms for reasons unrelated to fundamentals. For events drawing the most attention, I find cumulative abnormal returns of 1.51% in days 1-5, with a reversal of 1.09% the following week. These stocks experience abnormal turnover, individual investors are net buyers, and institutional investors drive the reversal towards fundamental values.
Young children ’ s use of unaccusative intransitives in novel verb experiments

According to the usage-based approaches, language develops in relation to the communicative contexts in which it unfolds. Usage-based theorists start from the assumption that children experience language as part of social interactions and that constructions are the basic units of language. This means that children learn language in the form of sentence level constructions embedded in communicative contexts, not as separate words or as abstract grammatical rules (see Budwig, 1995; Tomasello, 2003). Constructions are collections of meaning that designate basic patterns of experience. For example, Goldberg (1998) illustrates that the meaning of the verb “sneeze” differs in the following two constructions:
The MTHFR C677T and ΔDNMT3B C‐149T polymorphisms confer different risks for right‐ and left‐sided colorectal cancer

Etiological risk factors for proximal (right‐sided) colon cancers may be different to those of distal colon and rectal (left‐sided) cancers if these tumors develop along distinct pathways. The CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP+) occurs in approximately 15% of colorectal cancers (CRC) and predominantly in the proximal colon. CIMP+ tumors have frequent methylation of gene promoter regions and increased tissue folate levels. The aim here was to determine whether polymorphisms in 2 genes involved in cellular methyl group metabolism were associated with different risks for right‐ and left‐sided CRC. This population‐based case–control study involved 859 incident cases of CRC and 973 sex and age‐matched controls. Information on dietary folate and alcohol intake was obtained from food frequency questionnaires and information on the anatomical site of tumors from pathology reports. DNA was collected using FTA cards and genotyping performed for the MTHFR C677T and ΔDNMT3B C‐149T polymorphisms. The MTHFR 677 T allele was associated with increased risk for proximal colon cancer (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 1.29) but decreased risk for distal cancers (AOR = 0.87). The increased risk for proximal cancers was especially pronounced in older individuals (AOR = 1.49) and those with a low folate diet (AOR = 1.67) or high alcohol consumption (AOR = 1.90). The ΔDNMT3B‐149 TT genotype was protective against proximal colon cancers (AOR = 0.65), but showed no association with the risk of distal colon and rectal cancers (AOR = 1.02). Epidemiological studies on dietary and genetic risk factors for CRC should take into account these may confer different risks for right‐ and left‐sided tumors. © 2009 UICC
Informal Venture Capital and the Financing of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

AbstractThere are two principal sources of venture capital for entrepreneurial companies. The institutional venture capital market, comprising professional venture capital firms, if the more familiar. However, despite its high profile it actually finances only a small number of businesses. Moreover, its investment focus favours larger, established businesses, including management buyouts, rather than new and recent start-ups. Much less visible - but considerably more significant as a source of finance for entrepreneurial companies - is the informal venture capital market comprising private investors (or ‘business angels’) who provide risk capital directly to new and growing companies. Drawing upon research undertaken in North America and Western Europe, this paper addresses three questions: (i) Who are business angels and how does the informal venture capital market function? (ii) Why is the informal venture capital market important to the development of an entrepreneurial economy? (iii) How can governmen.
To share or not to share, that is the question. Conditions for the willingness to share knowledge

Sharing knowledge is an important aspect of most modern organisation. Ideas about how to stimulate knowledge sharing abound, but without much theorising. The objective of this article is to link basic motivation theories to empirical studies of knowledge sharing and its conditions. The paper starts with an orientation on company strategies to stimulate knowledge sharing, and the role of various types of incentives. It appears that these incentive schemes are based on various assumptions concerning human motivation. We turn then to work motivation theory to search for underlying processes that may explain why people would or would not share their knowledge. Understanding these processes and conditions can promote organisational strategies that support knowledge sharing. The findings are combined in an overview and motivational model that identifies the interaction of several psychological and organisational processes. From this overview a checklist is derived to assess the motivation for knowledge sharing and the conditions that may influence this motivation. Organizations that want to improve knowledge sharing may use this instrument to identify the issues they have to give attention to
An analytical approach to assessing the competitiveness in the textile industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure the competitive performance of four major Iranian synthetic fiber‐manufacturing companies, as one of the main sectors in the textile industry, using an analytical approach. The results presented assist in evaluating the competitive performance of a company, while developing recommendations for improving competitive strategy of the firms.Design/methodology/approach – The proposed approach is based on Porter's diamond of competitive advantage (including four main determinants, namely factor conditions, demand, related and supporting industries and firm strategy and rivalry, plus government as an external factor). This approach is based on five determinants, each one consisting of two to six elements, with each element including a number of variables, i.e. 55 variables in total, which were confirmed by the interviewees as important factors affecting the competitiveness of a firm. Accordingly, the results obtained from the interviews confirmed the validity of .
An Empirical Study between CEO Cash Compensation and CEO Power in TSX/S&P Index Companies

This study investigates the relationship between the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Cash Compensation and the CEO Power of the companies in the TSX/SP the CEO Shares Outstanding; the CEO Shares Value; the CEO Tenure; the CEO Turnover; the 5 percent Management Ownership; and the 5 percent Individuals/ Institutions, were found to be ranged from the weak negative to the weak positive ratios.
How knowledge affects radical innovation: Knowledge base, market knowledge acquisition, and internal knowledge sharing

This paper examines how existing knowledge base (i.e., knowledge breadth and depth) interacts with knowledge integration mechanisms (i.e., external market knowledge acquisition and internal knowledge sharing) to affect radical innovation. Survey data from high technology companies in China demonstrate that the effects of knowledge breadth and depth are contingent on market knowledge acquisition and knowledge sharing in opposite ways. In particular, a firm with a broad knowledge base is more likely to achieve radical innovation in the presence of internal knowledge sharing rather than market knowledge acquisition. In contrast, a firm with a deep knowledge base is more capable of developing radical innovation through market knowledge acquisition rather than internal knowledge sharing. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gliatrophic and gliatropic roles of PVF/PVR signaling during axon guidance

Evidence of molecular and functional homology between vertebrate and Drosophila glia is limited, restricting the power of Drosophila as a model system to unravel the molecular basis of glial function. Like in vertebrates, in the Drosophila central nervous system glial cells are produced in excess and surplus glia are eliminated by apoptosis adjusting final glial number to axons. The underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown, as the only gliatrophic pathway known to date in flies is the EGFR and its ligands. The PDGFR signaling pathway plays a major role in regulating oligodendrocyte migration and number in vertebrates. Here, we show that the Drosophila PDGFR/VEGFR homologue PVR is required in midline glia during axon guidance for glial survival and migration, ultimately enabling axonal enwrapment. The midline glia migrate aided by the VUM and the MP1 midline neurons—sources of PVF ligands—and concomitantly interactions with neurons maintain midline glia survival. Upon loss of function for PVF/PVR signaling midline glia apoptosis increases, and gain of function induces supernumerary midline glia. Midline glial cells are displaced towards ectopic sources of PVF ligands. PVR signaling promotes midline glia survival through AKT and ERK pathways. This work shows that the PVR/PDGFR pathway plays conserved gliatrophic and gliatropic roles in subsets of glial cells in flies and vertebrates. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A hp22 nm node low operating power (LOP) technology with sub-10 nm gate length planar bulk CMOS devices

High performance 10 nm gate length CMOSFETs for hp22 nm node LOP is demonstrated for the first time. Key process, such as elevated source/drain extension combined with flash lamp annealing, fully silicided metal gate, novel SiON, and optimization method under high V/sub dd/ condition which taking care of SRAM performance is described. Record high transconductance of 1706 mS/mm and over 400 GHz f/sub i/ is achieved for nMOSFET. Bulk planar MOSFET structure can extend down to hp22 nm node.
Educational Mismatches and Entry into Entrepreneurship

In this study educational mismatches among scientists and engineers are examined. I define an educational mismatch as the existence of discrepancies between the skills acquired in formal training and those used in a current job. I complement prior research on mismatching by using the NSF’s longitudinal Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT) to analyze the reasons scientists and engineers report for being mismatched, in order to distinguish between those who voluntarily choose to be mismatched for reasons such as advancements in career, work conditions, and salary opportunities versus those who are forced into a mismatch because no jobs were available in their educational field. In the first set of analyses, the consequences of an educational mismatch are studied. I find that those who are mismatched receive lower salaries and have lower job satisfaction rates than those who are matched but are engaged in a broader set of work activities, especially non R&D activities. In a second set of.
Multiple genotypes of St. Louis encephalitis virus (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) circulate in Harris County, Texas.

St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) is endemic in Harris County, Texas. The disease is a public health concern in Houston, the largest city in Harris County, and in the state. Consequently, intensive surveillance for SLE virus in local mosquito populations is carried out by the Harris County Mosquito Control Division each year. In this study, we examined genetic variation among SLE isolates obtained during routine virus surveillance over a 13-year time period (1986-1999). St. Louis encephalitis virus isolates were tested for genetic variation using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction followed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). The results indicated that multiple genotypes of the virus circulate in Harris County. During several years, the genotypes were restricted in their location, i.e., each general area within the county had a specific genotype of the virus. In other years, the various genotypes were widely distributed throughout the county. The presence of multiple distinct genotypes suggests that viruses with different biological characteristics may be circulating in Harris County, and that discrete foci of SLE virus activity occur simultaneously.
Luminescence Properties and Energy Transfer Processes in Nanosized Cerium Doped YAG

Luminescence properties of cerium doped Y3Al5O12 (YAG) nanocrystals in form of nanopowders and nanoceramics have been studied. The comparative analysis of luminescence characteristics for nano- and single-crystals has been done. It was detected that an excitonic mechanism of the energy transfer from the host lattice to cerium ions does not work in nanopowders and nanoceramics. It was also shown that antisite-related and self-trapped exciton-related luminescence bands are suppressed strongly in nanopowders, and it can be excited only under certain circumstances. These bands practically disappeared in the nanoceramic samples. It was suggested that nanoparticle's surface, which is an efficient trap for excitons and charge carriers, plays the crucial role in peculiarities of luminescence characteristics in nanocrystals.
Population-Based Mechanistic Prediction of Oral Drug Absorption

The bioavailability of drugs from oral formulations is influenced by many physiological factors including gastrointestinal fluid composition, pH and dynamics, transit and motility, and metabolism and transport, each of which may vary with age, gender, race, food, and disease. Therefore, oral bioavailability, particularly of poorly soluble and/or poorly permeable compounds and those that are extensively metabolized, often exhibits a high degree of inter- and intra-individual variability. While several models and algorithms have been developed to predict bioavailability in an average person, efforts to accommodate intrinsic variability in the component processes are less common. An approach that incorporates such variability for human populations within a mechanistic framework is described together with examples of its application to drug and formulation development.
The Effects of Anesthetic Preconditioning with Sevoflurane in an Experimental Lung Autotransplant Model in Pigs

BACKGROUND:Ischemia–reperfusion lung injury is doubly important in thoracic surgery because of the associated ventilation damage to 1 lung. In this study we evaluated the cytoprotective effects of sevoflurane in a pulmonary autotransplant model in pigs. METHODS:Twenty Large White pigs undergoing pneumonectomy plus lung autotransplant were divided into 2 10-member groups on the basis of the anesthetic received (propofol or sevoflurane). Proinflammatory mediators, oxidative stress, nitric oxide metabolism, and hemodynamic and blood variables were measured at 5 different time points. RESULTS:There was an increase of oxidative stress markers and proinflammatory mediators in the propofol group, whereas the hemodynamic variables were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS:We demonstrated that sevoflurane decreased the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in a live ischemia–reperfusion lung model.
IS/IT Investment Evaluation and Benefit Realization Practices in Taiwanese SMEs

This paper investigates the practices of IS/IT benefits and evaluation, critical success factors and the degree of satisfaction with the adoption of IS/IT investments in business-to-business electronic commerce (B2B-EC) by the small and medium-size enterprise (SME) sector in an emerging economy - Taiwan. The survey reveals that the respondents had relatively high usage of IS/IT investment evaluation methodology and low usage of IS/IT benefits realization approaches. In addition, these methodologies or approaches were generally not used widely and effectively within these organizations. Moreover, only a quarter of the respondents were satisfied with their IS/IT investments in B2B-EC. The internal factors which consist of lack of staff resistance, organizational readiness, integrating internet with marketing strategy, and top management support were found to be the critical success factors for the IS/IT investments in B2B-EC by SMEs in Taiwan. Keywords: IT investment evaluation, emerging economy, e-commerce, SMEs, IT benefits realization
Serum Homocysteine Concentration of US Adults Associated with Fortified Cereal Consumption

Background: Elevated serum total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration is implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A significant food source of B-vitamins involved in homocysteine metabolism is ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) in the U.S. Objective: To test the hypothesis that tHcy concentration is inversely associated with RTEC intake and blood B-vitamin levels in the U.S. general population. Design: A cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999–2000). Data were stratified according to age and gender. Men and women ≥ 19 y (n = 4,218) were classified as RTEC consumers (RTEC-C; n = 824) and RTEC non-consumers (RTEC-NC; n = 3,394) based on 24-hr dietary recall. Results: Forty nine percent of participants showed folate intake with below the estimated average requirements (EARS). Serum folate and red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations were increased with age in both genders, and significantly higher among RTEC-C than RTEC-NC (p < 0.05). Mean tHcy concentration increased with age, and was significantly lower among both men and women RTEC-C than among RTEC-NC. In multivariate linear regression analyses, RTEC consumption strongly predicted serum folate and tHcy concentrations. Conclusion: tHcy concentrations were significantly lower in RTEC-C among the majority of age/gender groups than in RTEC-NC. RTEC consumption may potentially reduce the risk for CVD, mediated through tHcy.
Angiogenesis and VEGF expression in pre‐invasive lesions of the human breast

Angiogenesis (as microvascular density—MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in all types of human pre‐invasive breast lesion, un‐associated with invasive carcinoma, including florid ductal hyperplasia of usual type (FDHUT, 40 cases), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH, 10), well‐differentiated intraductal carcinoma (WDIC, 16), intermediately differentiated intraductal carcinoma (IDIC, 25), poorly differentiated intraductal carcinoma (PDIC, 20), atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH, 13), and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS, 12). Both parameters were also studied in normal glandular structures obtained from normal breasts or from breasts containing pre‐invasive lesions. Increased vascularization was present in all lesion types (MVD mean values (expressed as vessel number/mm2): 115 ± 8 in normal lobules, 146 ± 26 in lesions; p < 0.05) and increased with lesion severity. In ductal lesions, MVDs were significantly higher in PDIC (190 ± 65) and IDIC (167 ± 61) than in FDHUT (123 ± 40) and ADH (122 ± 47); MVD was much higher in PDIC than in WDIC (p < 0.001). WDIC showed peculiar features, with a degree of vascularization closer to hyperplasia than to the other histological types of in situ ductal cancer; this observation is in line with the hypothesis that IDIC and PDIC may originate ‘de novo’, without a mandatory transition through WDIC. LCIS was more vascularized than ALH (168 ± 50 and 125 ± 40, respectively; p < 0.05), showing MVD values similar to those of PDIC and IDIC. The vascularization of normal lobules was constant, regardless of their association with lesions. VEGF expression in normal glandular structures was lower than in lesions, with the highest levels found in ductal lesions when compared with lobular lesions. No correlation was found between VEGF expression and the degree and/or type of vascularization. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monozygotic twins discordant for body stalk anomaly

We report on two cases of monozygotic twins discordant for body stalk anomaly, diagnosed prenatally in a multicenter ultrasound screening study at 10–14 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound showed a large abdominal wall defect with most of the abdominal contents and almost half of the body in the celomic cavity, in association with severe kyphoscoliosis and a very short umbilical cord. Both pregnancies were managed expectantly and delivered by Cesarean section. The abnormal babies died soon after birth and autopsy confirmed the sonographic diagnosis. Body stalk anomaly in twins is extremely rare. These are, to our knowledge, the first cases reported on monozygotic twins discordant for this anomaly, indicating that the incomplete twinning theory cannot uniformly explain the pathogenesis of the body stalk in twins. Copyright © 2002 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology