Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Volcano-Seismic Clock of the South American Pacific Margin - A Possible First Link Between Natural Disasters Prevention and Expanding Earth

A volcano-seismic correlation was for a long time suspected to occur on the Pacific margin of South America. Scalera (2008) using the data available in 2006 in the Smithsonian Institution Catalogue of the volcanic eruptions, has revealed evidence that earthquakes happened into the South-American Wadati-Benioff zone – with magnitude greater than 8.4 –are associated to an enhanced rate of volcanic eruptions, but has been impossible to determine the causal chain between the two phenomena. After 2006, the effort of the Smithsonian Institution to improve our knowledge of this region has resulted in a greatly increased completeness of the catalogue, adding the new eruptions for the 20002010 interval, but also an additional 50% of new entries in the list of the Andean volcanoes. The occurrence of the Chilean earthquake of Maule – 27 February 2010 (M=8.8); occurred at five decades from the 1960 quake – has been the occasion to rework all the data searching for additional clues able to indicate a preferred causal direction eruptions-earthquakes or earthquakes-eruptions – or from a third more general cause (e.g. a mantle movements) to both eruptions and earthquakes. This short note discusses the three above-said hypotheses and tries to establish if these results could be useful to the aims of the Civil Protection in the programs of prevention and/or forecasting of natural disasters.
Liquid Holdup in Geothermal Wells

Simulation of two-phase flow in geothermal wellbores requires use of empirical correlations for liquid holdup and for friction factor. Use of currently available correlations often yields widely differing results for geothermal wells. A new liquid holdup correlation is devised for cased wellbores using high-quality discharge and downhole pressure and temperature data from flowing geothermal wells. The latter dataset encompasses a wide range of wellbore diameters, discharge rates and flowing enthalpies. The measured wellhead pressures for wells in the dataset display excellent agreement with the pressures computed by using the new holdup correlation.
Climate variability‐induced uncertainty in mid‐Holocene atmosphere‐ocean‐vegetation feedbacks

Previous modelling studies have shown that the response of the ocean and the vegetation to mid‐Holocene insolation feeds back on the climate. There is less consensus, however, on the relative magnitude of the two feedbacks and the strength of the synergy between them. This discrepancy may arise partly from the statistical uncertainty caused by internal climate variability as the common analysis period is only about a century. Therefore, we have performed an ensemble of centennial‐scale simulations using the general circulation model ECHAM5/JSBACH‐MPIOM. The direct atmospheric response and the weak atmosphere‐vegetation feedback are statistically robust. The synergy is always weak and it changes sign between the ensemble members. The simulations, including a dynamic ocean, show a large variability at sea‐ice margins. This variability leads to a sampling error which affects the magnitude of the diagnosed feedbacks.
Foreign Aid, the Real Exchange Rate, and Economic Growth in the Aftermath of Civil Wars

Foreign aid, the Real Exchange Rate (RER), and economic growth are three key variables that shape the aftermath of civil wars in many developing countries. Panel estimations drawn from a sample of 39 conflict and 44 non conflict countries between 1970 and 2004 indicate that although post conflict countries receive larger aid flows and exhibit moderate RER overvaluation after peace is attained, overvaluation cannot be traced to aid. Yet foreign aid is among the significant determinants of the equilibrium RER. An id is also an important determinant of economic growth, particularly after peace is reached. Aid exhibits decreasing returns, however, and interacts negatively with RER overvaluation. RER overvaluation reduces growth, but this effect is ameliorated by financial development. Post conflict policies should therefore aim to use aid prudently, avoid RER misalignment, and support financial and capital market development to achi eve high and stable growth in the aftermath of war and beyond.
The geological and geodynamic condition on the formation of the Dabashan thrust nappe structure: Based on FLAC numerical modelling

The Dabashan thrust nappe structure at the southern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt suffered at least two stages of evolution which are Late Triassic plate subduction collisional orogeny between North China block, Qinling micro-plate and Yangtze block followed by intracontinental orogeny since the Meso-Cenozoic. A prominent topography characteristic within the Dabashan area is a southwestward extrusive arc (Bashan Arc fault) that is one of key factors to understand the geodynamic condition of the Dabashan thrust nappe structure. In this work, two-dimensional plan-view models are constructed to simulate the collisional and intracontinental orogenic movements, and the factors that may control the formation of the Bashan Arc fault are analysed. The modelling results show that the compressive stress produced by the plates collision along both north and south boundaries is the main driving force. The dextral shearing derived from the inconsistent shape on the block margins is the main controller. Rigid tectonic units such as Bikou and Hanan-Micangshan terranes, Foping and Wudang domes, as well as Shennongjia-Huangling anticline also contribute as “anchor” effects. Additionally, the rheology properties of rock material in the Dabashan area affect the shape of the arc. Condicion geologica y geodinamica para la formacion estructural de la falla de cabalgamiento en las montanas Dabashan basada en el modelo numerico del software FLAC Resumen La estructura de la falla de cabalgamiento de las montanas Dabashan en el margen sur del cinturon orogenico de Qinling sufrio por lo menos dos etapas de evolucion, la colision orogenica del Triasico Superior entre el bloque de la China del Norte, la microplaca de Qinling y el bloque Yangtze, y la orogenesis intracontinental desde el Meso-Cenozoico. Una caracteristica topografica prominente del area de Dabashan es un arco extrusivo (falla Arco de Bashan) hacia el suroeste, que es un factor determinante para entender la condicion geodinamica de la falla de cabalgamiento en las montanas Dabashan. En este trabajo se construyeron modelos bidimensionales planos para simular los movimientos de colision e intracontinental orogenicos y se analizaron los factores que podrian controlar la formacion de la falla del Arco de Bashan. Los resultados del modelado muestran que el esfuerzo de compresion producido por las placas de colision en los limites norte y sur es la principal fuerza impulsora de la falla. La principal controladora es la fuerza de cizallamiento dextral derivada de la forma inconsistente en los margenes del bloque. Las unidades tectonicas rigidas como los terrenos Bikou y Hanan- Micangshan, el domo Foping y Wudang, al igual que el anticlinal Shennongjia-Huangling tienen funciones de ancla. Adicionalmente, las propiedades reologicas del material rocoso en el area Dabashan afectan la forma del arco.
The impact of visiting hours on indoor to outdoor ratio of fungi concentration at Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz , Iran

The majority of diseases caused by air pollution, such as asthma and allergies, are caused by pathogenic bacteria, which are transmitted through bioaerosols. Bacteria and fungi are the main sources of hospital infections causing the majority of diseases and cases of mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the ratio of indoor to outdoor fungi concentration, the effect of population density on fungi concentration, and the relationship between indoor and outdoor environments. In this study, 3 stations were assessed; the outdoor environment, general indoor environment, and intensive care units (ICUs) of Golestan Hospital affiliated to Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. These stations were used for the sampling of airborne fungi from October to December 2010. The samples were collected over a period of 2 minutes in a flow rate of 28.3 l/minute using a QuickTake 30 air sampling pump. The 3 dominant fungi genera in the sampling stations were Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium. The average of total fungi concentration before visiting hours was 365.8 CFU/m which was reduced to 578 CFU/m after visiting hours. The indoor to outdoor ratios in the ICU and internal wards for fungi before visiting hours were 0.36 and 0.68, respectively. However, these ratios in the ICU and internal wards for fungi after visiting hours were 0.78 and 0.99, respectively. Following the visiting hours, the concentration of fungi available indoors was conspicuously higher (even in the wards in which no visitors were allowed (e.g., ICUs). Hence, the amount of indoor fungi was affected by the concentration of outdoor fungi and the number of visitors.
Trade policy responses to food price crisis and implications for existing domestic support measures: the case of China in 2008

Many national governments around the world applied export restrictions in order to achieve domestic market stabilization during the 2007/8 world food price crisis. However, current literature says little about how these export restrictions interact with existing domestic support measures in jointly determining domestic market outcomes. This paper analyzes this interaction by providing a quantitative assessment on how increased spending on agricultural domestic support in China offset the negative effects on grain production caused by the country's export restrictions and how these two types of measures jointly moderated rises of domestic grain prices. In particular, domestic and trade measures on key agricultural inputs such as fertilizers are shown to contribute significantly to expand grain outputs and reduce domestic market prices. While the short-term goal in stabilizing domestic grain prices was achieved through these measures, large fiscal and efficiency costs were incurred, especially considering how the short-term export restrictions seemingly necessitated the extra spending on input-based domestic subsidies. We also demonstrate that the costs to China and the rest of the world of these complicated policy interventions may be partially avoidable with a simpler and less distorting instrument.
The Appearance and Disappearance of Ship Tracks on Large Spatial Scales

The 1-km advanced very high resolution radiometer observations from the morning, NOAA-12,and afternoon, NOAA-11, satellite passes over the coast of California during June 1994 are used to determine the altitudes, visible optical depths, and cloud droplet effective radii for low-level clouds. Comparisons are made between the properties of clouds within 50 km of ship tracks and those farther than 200 km from the tracks in order to deduce the conditions that are conducive to the appearance of ship tracks in satellite images. The results indicate that the low-level clouds must be sufficiently close to the surface for ship tracks to form. Ship tracks rarely appear in low-level clouds having altitudes greater than 1 km. The distributions of visible optical depths and cloud droplet effective radii for ambient clouds in which ship tracks are embedded are the same as those for clouds without ship tracks. Cloud droplet sizes and liquid water paths for low-level clouds do not constrain the appearance of ship tracks in the imagery. The sensitivity of ship tracks to cloud altitude appears to explain why the majority of ship tracks observed from satellites off the coast of California are found south of 35 8N. A small rise in the height of low-level clouds appears to explain why numerous ship tracks appeared on one day in a particular region but disappeared on the next, even though the altitudes of the low-level clouds were generally less than 1 km and the cloud cover was the same for both days. In addition, ship tracks are frequent when lowlevel clouds at altitudes below 1 km are extensive and completely cover large areas. The frequency of imagery pixels overcast by clouds with altitudes below 1 km is greater in the morning than in the afternoon and explains why more ship tracks are observed in the morning than in the afternoon. If the occurrence of ship tracks in satellite imagery data depends on the coupling of the clouds to the underlying boundary layer, then cloud-top altitude and the area of complete cloud cover by low-level clouds may be useful indices for this coupling.
Assessment of genetic variability and yield stability in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars in River Nile State, Sudan

Eight chickpea cultivars (Shendi, Jabel Marra, Wad Hamid, Atmor, Hwata, Burgeig, Salwa and Matama) were evaluated for genetic variability, yield stability and contribution of yield attributes to seed yield. Field experiments were carried out for four seasons (2007/2008, 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012) at Hudeiba Research Farm in River Nile State, Sudan. Randomized complete block design with six replications was used. Most of the studied traits recorded highly significant difference (P≤ 0.01) due to cultivars, seasons and their interaction. High heritability and low level of differences among phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for studied traits indicated that cultivars influenced more in the expression of these traits. Based on the stability analysis for seed yield; the top yielding cultivars Burgeig and Hwata were adapted to favorable conditions. Both cultivars were late in flowering and maturity and had high number of seeds plant -1 , biomass and harvest index. The cultivar Atmor with an intermediate seed yield was the most stable cultivar across seasons. The cultivar Salwa is optional due to its relatively high yield and large seed size. Combining farmerpreferred traits such as high and stable yield, large seed size, plant type and maturity into new cultivars will remain the main objective of the chickpea breeding program in Sudan.
Demographic, psychosocial, health and personality predictors of depression and quality of life: importance of an integrative framework

L’etude transversale investigue l’influence des cinq dimensions de personnalite (selon Costa & McCrae, 1992) sur le lien entre depression majeure et qualite de vie. Adoptant une approche integrative, elle compare 79 patients ambulatoires et 102 sujets non-depressifs, en tenant compte de covariees demographiques, psychosociales, et de leur sante physique. Trois dimensions de personnalite, a savoir l’Ouverture a l’experience, la Conscience et le Nevrosisme influencent directement la qualite de vie apres avoir controle pour la severite de la depression. De plus, le Nevrosisme et la Conscience augmentent indirectement la qualite de vie en moderant l’effet de la depression sur celle-ci. Un accent particulier est mis sur la depression dans deux groupes d’âge. La qualite de vie des adultes jeunes est determinee uniquement par la severite de la depression, alors que celle des adultes âges est de nature multi-determinee : severite symptomes, risque suicidaire, comorbidites physiques et dimensions de personnalite.
The Chiemgau Crater Strewn Field: Evidence of a Holocene Large Impact Event in Southeast Bavaria, Germany

The Chiemgau strewn field in the Alpine Foreland discovered in the early new millennium comprises more than 80 mostly rimmed craters in a roughly elliptically shaped area with axes of about 60 km and 30 km. The crater diameters range between a few meters and a few hundred meters. Geologically, the craters occur in Pleistocene moraine and fluvio-glacial sediments. The craters and surrounding areas so far investigated in more detail are featuring heavy deformations of the Quaternary cobbles and boulders, abundant fused rock material (impact melt rocks and various glasses), shock-metamorphic effects, and geophysical anomalies. The impact is substantiated by the abundant occurrence of metallic, glass and carbon spherules, accretionary lapilli, and of strange matter in the form of iron silicides like gupeiite and xifengite, and various carbides like, e.g., moissanite SiC. The hitherto established largest crater of the strewn field is Lake Tuttensee exhibiting an 8 m-height rim wall, a rim-to-rim diameter of about 600 m, a depth of roughly 30 m and an extensive ejecta blanket. Physical and archeological dating confine the impact event to have happened most probably between 1300 and 300 B.C. The impactor is suggested to have been a low-density disintegrated, loosely bound asteroid or a disintegrated comet in order to account for the extensive strewn field.
PERLINDUNGAN HAK DISABILITAS MENDAPATKAN PEKERJAAN DI PERUSAHAAN SWASTA DAN PERUSAHAAN MILIK NEGARA

Penelitian ini membahas tentang perlindungan hak atas pekerjaan terhadap penyandang disabilitas. Didalam penulisan penelitian ini penyandang disabilitas juga mempunyai hak yang sama dengan para pekerja non disabilitas, didalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Pasal 28D ayat (2) menyatakan bahwa setiap orang berhak untuk bekerja serta mendapatkan imbalan dan perlakuan yang adil dan layak dalam hubungan kerja. Jadi para penyandang disabilitas juga mempunyai hak untuk bekerja tanpa harus adanya Diskriminasi. Pemerintah juga mempunyai kewajiban untuk memenuhi hak-hak penyandang disabilitas khususnya untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan. Undang-Undang No. 8 tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas Pasal 11 huruf (g) menyatakan untuk memperoleh kesempatan dalam mengembangkan jenjang karier serta segala hak normatif yang melekat didalamnya. Perusahaan swasta dan BUMN wajib memperkerjakan paling sedikit 1% penyandang disabilitas dan perusahaan yang sudah memperkerjakan penyandang disabilitas sudah diatur pada Undang-Undang No. 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan Pasal 67 ayat (1) menyatakan bahwa pengusaha yang memperkerjakan tenaga kerja penyandang cacat wajib memberikan perlindungan sesuai dengan jenis kecacatannya.
The Islamic inter bank money market and a dual banking system: the Malaysian experience

Purpose - This paper seeks to examine the operation of an Islamic inter-bank money market (IIMM), within a dual banking system. Design/methodology/approach - The paper describes Malaysia's Islamic IIMM. It then examines some of the key risks associated with money market functions. An empirical examination of the extent to which yields in the IIMM are correlated with conventional money market yields is undertaken. The implication of this on interest-rate exposure for the Islamic financial sector is discussed. Finally, the paper looks at some of the challenges and offers conclusions. Findings - The paper argues that even though an Islamic money market operates in an interest-free environment and trades Originality/value - The paper offers insights into the IIMM, focusing on Malaysia.
Principal Trust: Factors that Influence Faculty Trust in the Principal

Principal Trust: Factors that Influence Faculty Trust in the Principal A. Tyler Howe Department of Educational Leadership and Foundations, BYU Doctor of Education Principals are held accountable for student achievement even though they only have an indirect influence on that achievement. Accountability raises the question about what should be the priority for the principal’s attention. The literature supports the existence of a positive correlation between faculty trust in the principal and increased student achievement. Our study considered the appropriateness of representing trust as a two-factor model broken down into components related to how teachers view the skill and the will of the principal. Additionally, our study examined which demographic factors of the school and of the principal affect faculty trust in the principal. This study examined historical data acquired from a large suburban school district in the western United States between 2013 and 2014. The archival data included over 1,700 completed surveys from elementary, junior-high, and high-school teachers of the Omnibus T-Scale survey created by Wayne K. Hoy and Megan Tschannen-Moran (2003). Almost all principals in the study were evaluated higher in terms of skill (competence, reliability, honesty) than in terms of will (benevolence, openness, empathy of vulnerability), and the data set fits a two-factor model of trust. Our findings show no significant association between the principal or school demographics and overall faculty trust in the principal, with the exception of a negative correlation between the principal’s level of education and faculty trust in the principal. These findings suggest principals are not at a disadvantage to achieve faculty trust based on principal and school demographic factors.
Do destination images really matter? Predicting destination choices of student travellers

The purpose of the study was to identify images that are likely predictors of destination choices of college students considering travelling to Turkey in a probabilistic model when two measurements of the dependent variable were involved. Five hundred surveys were distributed to geographically dispersed universities across the USA. Based on a response rate of 65.4 per cent, the study results indicated that travellers can compartmentalise their mental pictures and evaluate each image component according to its importance in choice decisions. Moreover, familiarity with the destination can be considered as a moderator variable in decision-making models. Implications for destination mar keting and management are discussed in light of the study findings.
Tuning interfacial exchange interactions via electronic reconstruction in transition-metal oxide heterostructures

The impact of interfacial electronic reconstruction on the magnetic characteristics of La0.7Sr0. 3CoO3 (LSCO)/La0.7Sr0. 3MnO3 (LSMO) heterostructures was investigated as a function of layer thickness using a combination of soft x-ray magnetic spectroscopy and bulk magnetometry. We found that the magnetic properties of the LSCO layers are impacted by two competing electronic interactions occurring at the LSCO/substrate and LSMO/LSCO interfaces. For thin LSCO layers (<5 nm), the heterostructures exist in a highly coupled state where the chemically distinct layers behave as a single magnetic compound with magnetically active Co2+ ions. As the LSCO thickness increases, a high coercivity LSCO layer develops which biases a low coercivity layer, which is composed not only of the LSMO layer but also an interfacial LSCO layer. These results suggest an intriguing route to tune the magnetic properties of transition metal oxide heterostructures through careful control of the interface structure.