Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Models for the runoff from a glaciated catchment area using measurements of environmental isotope contents

For several years, in the glaciated catchment area of the Rofenache (Oetztal Alps, Austria), measurements have been made of the environmental isotopes 2H, 180 and 3H in precipitation, snow and ice samples and in the runoff. Furthermore, the electrolytic conductivity of runoff samples was measured and tracing experiments were made with fluorescent dyes. From core samples drilled in the accumulation area of the Vernagtferner, the gross beta activity was investigated and compared with the data from 2H, 3H and 180 analyses and the data from mass balance studies. It is shown that the annual net balance from previous years can be recovered on temperate glaciers using environmental isotope techniques. From the diurnal variations of the 2H and 3H contents and the electrolytic conductivity, the following proportions in the runoff of the Vernagtferner catchment area were obtained during a 24-hour interval at a time of strong ablation (August 1976): about 50% ice meltwater, 25% direct runoff of firn and snow meltwater, and 7% of mineralized groundwater. The rest of the runoff consists of non- mineralized meltwater seeping from the glacier body. The annual variations of the 2H and 3H contents in the runoff of the glaciated catchment area permit conclusions on the time sequence of the individual ablation periods, and on the residence time, on the basis of model concepts. The residence times of approximately 100 days or four years, respectively, are obtained from the decrease in the 2H content at the end of the ablation period and from the variation of the 3H content in the winter discharge.
How robust is the evidence on the e ects of college quality ? Evidence from matching

We estimate the e ects of college quality using propensity score matching methods and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort. Matching allows us to relax the linear functional form assumption implicit in regression-based estimates. We also examine the support problem by determining whether there are individuals attending low-quality colleges similar to those attending high-quality colleges, and 4nd that the support condition holds only weakly. Thus, the linear functional form plays an important role in regression-based estimates (and matching estimates have large standard errors). Point estimates from regression and matching are similar for men but not women. c © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classi4cation: C14; I21
ON THE STAR FORMATION LAW FOR SPIRAL AND IRREGULAR GALAXIES

A dynamical model for star formation on a galactic scale is proposed in which the interstellar medium is constantly condensing to star-forming clouds on the dynamical time of the average midplane density, and the clouds are constantly being disrupted on the dynamical timescale appropriate for their higher density. In this model, the areal star formation rate scales with the 1.5 power of the total gas column density throughout the main regions of spiral galaxies, and with a steeper power, 2, in the far outer regions and in dwarf irregular galaxies because of the flaring disks. At the same time, there is a molecular star formation law that is linear in the main and outer parts of disks and in dIrrs because the duration of individual structures in the molecular phase is also the dynamical timescale, canceling the additional 0.5 power of surface density. The total gas consumption time scales directly with the midplane dynamical time, quenching star formation in the inner regions if there is no accretion, and sustaining star formation for ∼100 Gyr or more in the outer regions with no qualitative change in gas stability or molecular cloud properties. The ULIRG track follows from high densities in galaxy collisions.
Explorer Turkish Organizations in Europe

The purpose of this article is three-fold. First, to identify opportunities and constraints for migrants to participate in the host society. Second, by using Turkish migrants as a case study, to further explore variance in formal political participation. Turks are one of the largest migrant groups in Western Europe and have settled in several European countries. Since a majority of the Turkish migrants display similarities in terms migration and socio-economic background, this provides an ample opportunity to analyse the outcome of different integration policies and the extent of political integration of Turks in Europe. Finally, the article assesses how different citizenship policies give rise to different types of participation and different targets for claims-making. The article will first discuss how different understandings of citizenship and implementations of citizenship policy give rise to a different set of opportunities for migrants to participate in the political sphere. This will then be exemplified with reference to Turkish organisations in Germany, France and the Netherlands. Not only do a majority of the European Turks reside in these countries but these states have also chosen very different paths in terms of integration and citizenship policies. This results in a different set of opportunities for Turks to formally participate where some countries have more favourable policies than others.
Are Self‐Service Customers Satisfied or Stuck?

This paper investigates the impact of self‐service technology (SST) usage on customer satisfaction and retention. Specifically, we disentangle the distinct effects of satisfaction and switching costs as drivers of retention among self‐service customers. Our empirical analysis examines 26,924 multi‐channel customers of a nationwide retail bank. We track each customer's channel usage, overall satisfaction, and retention over a 1‐year period. We find that, relative to face‐to‐face service, customers who use self‐service channels for a greater proportion of their transactions are either no more satisfied, or less satisfied with the service they receive, depending on the channel. However, we also find that these same customers are predictably less likely to defect to a competitor if they are heavily reliant on self‐service channels characterized by high switching costs. Through a mediation model, we demonstrate that, when self‐service usage promotes retention, it does so in a way that is consistent with switching costs. As a robustness check, we examine the behavior of channel enthusiasts, who concentrate transactions among specific channels. Relative to more diversified customers, we find that self‐service enthusiasts in low switching cost channels defect with greater frequency, while self‐service enthusiasts in high switching cost channels are retained with greater frequency.
The 13 C ⁃ CO 2 pulsing labeling method : distribution of rice photosynthetic carbon in plant ⁃ soil systems during different rice growth stages

Photosynthesis by terrestrial vegetation is the driving force for carbon (C) cycling between the Earth and the atmosphere. Information on the input and distribution of photosynthesized C in plant⁃soil systems is essential for htt p:/ /w ww . ec olo gic a.c n http: / / www.ecologica.cn understanding their nutrient and C dynamics. Stable isotope and labeling technology is one of the most effective methods to trace the C cycle processes in terrestrial ecosystems. In the present study, the C⁃CO2 pulsing labeling method in combination with indoor incubation and the element analyzer⁃stable isotope analysis (Flash HT⁃IRMS) system were utilized to analyze the δ C values of rice plants and soil. The distribution of photosynthetic C in different sections of the rice was compared and the photosynthetic C that was transferred to the soil C pool quantified. The results showed that the dry matter of the rice increased with growth stages, but the root⁃shoot ratio declined from approximately 0.4 at its highest during the tillering stage to approximately 0.2 at its lowest during the heading stage. The δ C values of the rice shoot and root were between -25.52‰— -28.33‰, which demonstrated an obvious fractionation pattern among different sections of the rice plant, and followed an order of stem ( grain) > leaf > root. This fractionation pattern indicated that the distribution of photosynthetic C changes with progress of the rice growth stages. During early growth stages, the proportion of photosynthetic C distribution in the root and soil was high, implying a high C sink ability of the root⁃soil system; however, it decreased along with the growth stages of the rice, even though the total photosynthetic C accumulation in the root⁃soil system increased. As the results showed, during the tillering stage, nearly 30% of photosynthetic C was distributed to the underground parts of the plant for root formation and approximately 10% of this portion entered the soil organic C pool via root exudates. During the maturity stages, however, more photosynthetic C was distributed to the grain and the portion allocated to the soil decreased with growth of the rice. The present study provides scientific basis for better understanding the C cycle processes in paddy ecosystems. However, further study on the distribution of rice assimilated C in plant and soil systems, and the quantitative relationships of several C transformation steps such as input, transformation, protection, and stabilization in different ecosystems is required. The component and structure of new C input into the soil by rhizosphere deposition in C assimilation and its relationship with oxidation and mineralized stability should also be elucidated in the future.
Clinical assessment of fever with thrombocytopenia - A prospective study

Infection is the commonest cause of thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopenia associated with fever helps to narrow the differential diagnosis and management of fever. It also helps to know the various complications of thrombocytopenia and its management. 100 patients, ages >12 years with fever and thrombocytopenia between 1st September 2012 to 31st August 2014 were included for this study. Infection was the commonest cause of thrombocytopenia and Dengue was the commonest infection. Bleeding manifestations were seen in 15% of patients. 14% of patients had Petechiae/ purpura as the commonest bleeding manifestation followed by spontaneous bleeding in 10%. Good recovery was noted in 94% while 6% had mortality. septicaemia accounted for 5% of deaths, followed by dengue 1%. Infections, particularly Dengue was the commonest cause of fever with thrombocytopenia. In the majority of patients thrombocytopenia was transient and asymptomatic but in a significant number there were bleeding manifestations
DYNAMIC STABILITY OF ROCK SLOPES AND GRAVEL BEACHES

More than 150 tests have been analyzed in order to describe the dynamically stable profiles of rock slopes and gravel beaches under wave attack. Relationships between profile parameters and boundary conditions have been established. These relationships have been used to develop a computer program. This program is able to predict the profiles of slopes with an arbitrary shape under varying wave conditions, such as those found in storm surges and during the tidal period.
Results of a 50% Waste Loading Vitrification Test Using the Cold Crucible Melter for Savannah River Site Waste

The Cold Crucible Induction Melter (CCIM) is a promising alternative compared to the Joule heated ceramic melter (JHCM) reference technology for vitrification of high level radioactive waste (HLW). Successful tests with 45 wt. % waste loading in the glass facilitated the transition to the third task of the work with waste loading increased to 50 wt. %. The third test was performed using the Radon full-scale vitrification plant equipped with a new cylindrical cold crucible with an inner diameter of 418 mm. Average glass pour rate (average amount of glass poured per 1 hour of run) and specific glass pour rate (average pour rate per melter surface area) reached 16.2 kg/h and {approx}118.2 kg/(m{sup 2}h), respectively. Neither formation of sulfate/chloride salts ('yellow phase') nor melt foaming were observed. Occurrence of a spinel-type phase in the glass didn't reduce chemical durability of the glass. Product Consistency Testing (PCT) demonstrated that leaching of lithium, boron, sodium and silicon from glass samples produced in the CCIM were 15 to 30 times lower than the Environmental Assessment (EA) glass used for waste form repository acceptance. (authors)
Variations of geometric invariant quotients for pairs, a computational approach

We study the GIT compactifications of pairs formed by a hypersurface and a hyperplane. We provide a general setting to characterize all polarizations which give rise to different GIT quotients. Furthermore, we describe a finite set of one-parameter subgroups sufficient to determine the stability of any GIT quotient. We characterize all maximal orbits of non stable and strictly semistable pairs, as well as minimal closed orbits of strictly semistable pairs. Our construction gives natural compactifications of the space of log smooth pairs for Fano and Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces.
BRAZILIAN CONSENSUS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS OF CUTANEOUS MAST CELL TUMORS IN DOGS

Mast cell tumors represent the most common malignant skin tumor in the dog. This review outlines the incidence, etiology and clinical signs of mast cell tumors. Diagnostic tests, staging and treatments are also discussed. This study was performed by the Veterinary Oncology and Pathology of UNESP, Jaboticabal and the Service of Pathology Veterinary, of UNESP-Botucatu with the support of the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology and the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Pathology.
March , 2018 Singly Cabibbo-suppressed hadronic decays of Λ

We study singly Cabibbo-suppressed two-body hadronic decays of the charmed baryon Λc , namely, Λc → ΛK+, pπ0, pη, nπ+,Σ0K+,Σ+K0. We use the measured rate of Λc → pφ to fix the effective Wilson coefficient a2 for naive color-suppressed modes and the effective number of color N eff c . We rely on the current-algebra approach to evaluateW -exchange and nonfactorizable internal W -emission amplitudes, that is, the commutator terms for the S-wave and the pole terms for the P -wave. Our prediction for Λc → pη is in excellent agreement with the BESIII measurement. The pη (pπ0) mode has a large (small) rate because of a large constructive (destructive) interference between the factorizable and nonfactorizable amplitudes for both Sand P -waves. Some of the SU(3) relations such as M(Λc → nπ+) = √ 2M(Λc → pπ0) derived under the assumption of sextet dominance are not valid for decays with factorizable terms. Our calculation indicates that the branching fraction of Λc → nπ+ is about 3.5 times larger than that of Λc → pπ0. Decay asymmetries are found to be negative for all singly Cabibbo-suppressed modes and range from −0.56 to −0.96.
Sociodemographic and Health Correlates of Sleep Problems and Duration in Older Adults in South Africa

Objective. To investigate sleeping problems, sleep duration and associated factors in a national probability sample of older South Africans who participated in the Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) in 2008. Methods. In 2008 I conducted a national population-based cross-sectional study with a sample of 3 840 South African individuals aged ≥50 years. A questionnaire was used to survey sociodemographic characteristics and health variables, and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were recorded. Results. Of the participants, 9.1% reported having a sleeping problem at the time of the study. The average number of self-reported hours of sleep was 8.6 (SD ±2.1), with 11.6%, 45.1%, 20.0%, and 23.5% reporting ≤6, 7 - 8, 9, and ≥10 h, respectively. In multivariable analysis, depression, cognitive impairment, lack of social cohesion, and moderate or severe activity limitations were associated with having a current sleeping problem. In terms of sociodemographic and health variables, a short sleep duration was associated with: white, Indian/Asian or coloured ethnicity; daily tobacco use; and moderate and severe activity limitations. In participants aged 60 - 79 years, lower wealth, hypertension, risky drinking and lower health-related quality of life were associated with a long sleeping duration. Conclusion. This study robustly characterised the prevalence of sleeping problems and specific associated risk factors in a large sample in South Africa. This can help to direct future healthcare efforts.
Contribution of Peripheral and Central Fatigue in Different Conditions (Gender and Time of Day Differences)

Contribution of Peripheral and Central Fatigue in Different Conditions (Gender and Time of Day Differences) The aim of the present study was to examine the rate of central and peripheral contributions in circadian rhythms and gender differences after exhausted maximal exercise. From 36 volunteers, 12 healthy male and female subjects who had H-reflex (It is elicited by electrical stimulation and it has been suggested to be one of mechanisms that could cause central fatigue) were selected (mean age of 23.5±1.37 years, height of 166.83±5.11cm, weight of 59.8±9.15 kg, VO2max of 33.14±4.71 ml. kg-1. min-1in male subjects and mean age of 23±6.32 years, height of 165.17±2.48 cm, weight of 56±2.09 kg and VO2max of 29.05±2.89 ml. kg-1. min-1 in female subjects) and took part in this investigation. Central (MVC, latency of H-reflex, amplitude of H-reflex and ratio of H-reflex to M-wave) and peripheral properties of fatigue (blood lactate and M-wave) were recorded before and after an exhausted maximal exercise at two different times of day: 9 am and 6 pm which is separated by a week. Significant differences were found in HR, blood lactate and latency of H-reflex before and after exercise. However differences between male and female in MVC, amplitude of H-reflex, ratio of H-reflex to M-wave and M-wave was significant. With induced -exercise, central and peripheral fatigue was higher in men in the morning and in women in the afternoon. , thus our results recommended designing suitable exercise programs for men and women in the afternoon and morning, respectively. However, further studies are needed to confirm these results, especially in recommending using transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Controlled Singular Volterra Integral Equations and Pontryagin Maximum Principle

This paper is concerned with a class of controlled singular Volterra integral equations, which could be used to describe problems involving memories. The well-known fractional order ordinary differential equations of the Riemann--Liouville or Caputo types are strictly special cases of the equations studied in this paper. Well-posedness and some regularity results in proper spaces are established for such kind of questions. For the associated optimal control problem, by using a Liapounoff's type theorem and the spike variation technique, we establish a Pontryagin's type maximum principle for optimal controls. Different from the existing literature, our method enables us to deal with the problem without assuming regularity conditions on the controls, the convexity condition on the control domain, and some additional unnecessary conditions on the nonlinear terms of the integral equation and the cost functional.
Amelioration of Chlorpyrifos Induced Retinal and Renal Toxicity by Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a multipurpose steroid hormone and can reduce the neurotoxicity produced by a variety of toxicants. The present investigation is an attempt to ameliorate the toxicity of 3 chlorpyrifos by using 1 alpha, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D (1, 25 VD). Twenty four male W istar rats were used and were divided into four groups (six rats each). Groups I and II were the negative and positive controls respectively. In group III, chlorpyrifos was administered once orally by a stomach tube in a dose of 63 mg/kg on the first day of experiment (untreated chlorpyrifos toxicity). In group IV, in addition to chlorpyrifos, animals were treated with IM injection of 1.35 mg/kg 1, 25 VD on day 1 and on day 15 of the experiment. Rats were subjected to examination by Electroretinogram (ERG) on days 15 and 30 of the experiment. In each group, two animals were sacrificed on day 15 and four animals on day 30. Retinal and kidney specimens were collected and subjected to light microscopic examination. Chlorpyrifos toxicity model (group III) showed a significant deterioration of ERG parameter values (a-wave and b-wave amplitudes and b-wave latency) as well as obvious histopathological changes in both renal and retinal tissues. Treatment with 1, 25 VD injections (group IV) showed significant improvement of ERG and histopathological examinations as compared to untreated toxicity model. In conclusion, 1, 25 VD can be markedly protective to renal and retinal tissues against chlorpyrifos induced toxic changes.
Davalliaceae in Peninsular Malaysia, a preliminary study based on trnL-F region

A preliminary molecular analysis based on trnL-F region is presented for 17 taxa of Davalliaceae in Peninsular Malaysia. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis were conducted on the dataset in order to establish a robust phylogenetic relationship between taxa. The results of analysis indicate incongruence with morphological classification. All genera of Davalliaceae in the study area are paraphyletic except Araiostegia which is represented by only a single species. In addition it partially agrees with recent phylogeny base on rbcL data.
HVS 7 - a chemically peculiar hyper-velocity star ⋆

Context. Hyper-velocity stars are suggested to originate from the dynamical interaction of binary stars with the supermassive black hole in the Galactic centre (GC), which accelerates one component of the binary to beyond the Galactic escape velocity. Aims. The evolutionary status and GC origin of the hyper-velocity star SDSS J113312.12+010824.9 (aka HVS 7) is constrained from a detailed study of its stellar parameters and chemical composition. Methods. High-resolution spectra of HVS 7 obtained with UVES on the ESO VLT were analysed using state-of-the-art NLTE/LTE modelling techniques that can account for a chemically-peculiar composition via opacity sampling. Results. Instead of the expected slight enrichments ofα-elements and near-solar iron, huge chemical peculiarities of all elements are apparent. The helium abundance is very low (<1/100 solar), C, N and O are below the detection limit, i.e they are underabundant (<1/100,.1/3 and<1/10 solar). Heavier elements, however, are overabundant: the iron group by a factor of∼10, P, Co and Cl by factors∼40, 80 and 440 and rare-earth elements and mercury even by∼10 000. An additional finding, relevant also for other chemic ally peculiar stars are the large NLTE effects on abundances of Tiii and Feii (∼0.6‐0.7 dex). The derived abundance pattern of HVS 7 is characteristic for the class of chemical peculiar magnetic B stars on the main sequence. The chemical composition and high projected rotation velocity v sin i= 55±2 km s −1 render a low mass nature of HVS 7 as a blue horizontal branch star unlikely. Conclusions. Such a surface abundance pattern is caused by atomic diffusion in a possibly magnetically stabilised, non-convective atmosphere. Hence all chemical information on the star’s plac e of birth and its evolution has been washed out. High precision astrometry is the only means to validate a GC origin for HVS 7.