Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Diversity, Religion, and Opinions toward Legalizing Abortion: The Case of Asian Americans

Over the past four decades, abortion has remained the most controversial domestic issue in the US. Public opinion toward legalizing abortion has been sharply divided yet stable according to several major surveys. This study examines how religion and other important factors affect Asian Americans’ views toward abortion. Data are from the National Asian American Survey 2008 and multivariate analyses are used to examine whether religion exerts a mediation effect and explore attitudinal differences among six major Asian American groups. Results show that Asian Americans resemble the broader society in their opinions toward the abortion issue in that a documented sharp division exists among Asian American respondents. Groups ranked by the level of support for legal abortion are: Japanese, Chinese, Asian Indians, Korean, Filipino/a, and Vietnamese Americans. OLS regression analyses show that religiosity mediates the impact of religious affiliation on opinions toward abortion for Asian Americans who are non-Catholic Christians. Among Asian American who are Catholics, only a partial mediation effect is observed in the analysis. Analysis conducted for each Asian American group shows that different factors exert varying degree of influence in the opinion toward legalized abortion. Thus, an interaction effect of religion and ethnicity is found. Implications concerning ethnic diversity, religion, and opinions toward abortion are discussed in the paper.
Pay, security, support and intention to quit relationship among academics in developing economy

This paper has examined the relationship between human resource management practices and intention to quit among the academics of private universities in Bangladesh. Out of 360 survey questionnaires which were distributed, 160 useable questionnaires included in the final analysis yielding at 44% response rate for the study. The results showed that pay and supports were significant and negatively related to faculty intention to quit behavior in any condition. However, the relationship of job security and faculty intention to quit depends on control variables used in this study. Therefore, this paper recommends that private university management especially in Bangladesh should pay more attention to these two practices in order to retain as well as to attract potential academics in the future. At the end, this paper highlights some limitations and suggestions for future research.
Parental styles, gender and the development of hope and self‐esteem

We examined the developmental trajectory of trait hope and self‐esteem over 4 years and the impact of gender and perceived parental styles on these trajectories. Participants were 884 high school students. There was a general decline in hope and self‐esteem over time, with females declining more rapidly than males. Girls had higher hope than boys in Grade 7, but lower hope by Grade 10. Perceived parental authoritativeness at Time 1 was related to high hope across the 4 years, whilst perceived parental authoritarianism was related to low self‐esteem. We discuss the importance of perceived parental styles for adolescent well being, as well as possible explanations for changes in hope and self‐esteem. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fitness consequences of habitat use for juvenile cutthroat trout: energetic costs and benefits in pools and riffles

To assess freshwater habitat requirements of juvenile anadromous cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki ,w e measured habitat preference and growth rates of young-of-the-year (YOY) and 1- to 2-year-old fish confined to either pools or riffles in Husdon Creek, British Columbia, during 1999. YOY preferred pools to riffles in habitat-preference experiments, despite normally occurring at lower densities in pools. YOY grew in both pools and riffles when experi- mentally confined to either habitat, but growth rates were higher in pools. Larger juvenile cutthroat trout, on average, grew in pools, but consistently lost weight in riffles, indicating that pools are a habitat preference for YOY but a re - quirement for larger fish. A bioenergetic cost-benefit analysis (based on swimming costs and energy intake from inver- tebrate drift) indicates that energetics alone are sufficient to account for avoidance of riffles by larger cutthroat trout, without having to invoke greater predation risk in shallow habitats. Energetics modeling demonstrates that the smaller size and energetic needs of YOY allow exploitation of habitats (e.g., pocket pools in riffles) that are unavailable to larger fish. Resume : Dans le but de determiner les exigences d'habitat des jeunes Truites fardees anadromes, nous avons mesure la preference d'habitat et les taux de croissance chez des jeunes de l'annee (yoy) et des poissons de 1-2 ans, confines dans des profonds ou dans des rapides de Hudson Creek en Colombie-Britannique, Canada, en 1999. Les jeunes Trui- tes fardees de l'annee preferent les profonds aux rapides dans des epreuves de choix d'habitat, bien qu'elles soient nor- malement moins nombreuses dans les profonds; ces truites croissent dans les deux habitats lorsqu'on les confine experimentalement dans l'un ou l'autre milieu, mais les taux de croissance sont superieurs dans les profonds. En moyenne, les truites plus grandes croissent dans les profonds, mais elles subissent systematiquement une perte de masse dans les rapides, ce qui indique que les profonds sont un habitat prefere pour les jeunes de l'annee, mais un ha- bitat essentiel pour les truites plus grandes. Une analyse bioenergetique de couts/benefices (basee sur les couts de la nage et les apports d'energie tires de la derive des invertebres) montre que les considerations energetiques seules suffi- sent a expliquer pourquoi les truites plus grandes evitent les rapides, sans qu'il soit necessaire d'invoquer le risque ac- cru de predation dans les habitats peu profonds. La modelisation des relations energetiques demontre que la taille et les besoins energetiques reduits des truites de l'annee leur permettent d'exploiter des habitats (e.g. les petites fosses dans les zones de rapides) qui ne sont pas disponibles aux poissons plus grands. (Traduit par la Redaction) Rosenfeld and Boss 593
Application of string matching in internet security and reliability

In this study the role of string matching algorithm s in hardware/software applications in virus scanne rs or intrusion detection systems in improving data secur ity over the internet is stressed. The author's con tribution to an architectural design of a new string matching algor ithm implemented on an FPGA for improving hardware based data security over the internet with improved perfo rmance over previously published results is reporte d. This can be used in applications such as hardware virus scanner s or intrusion detection systems to further improve internet reliability in case of cyber attacks. After indicat ing the basic measures of intrinsic internet reliab ility such as MTTF, MTTR and availability, a new measure is introduced to account for the availability of the internet inc luding the effect of cyber attacks. The new index that is intr oduced is a measure of downtime due to a cyber atta ck and is called mean down time due to cyber attack ( ). MCADT Results of empirical measurement of the intrinsic availability of a sample of 159 internet hosts in Iran using a develo ped software tool are presented and compared with t hose of a similar study over international hosts. (Journal of American Science 2010;6(1):25-33). (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Assessing Sampling Biases in Logging Impact Studies in Tropical Forests

The ecological responses of tropical forest wildlife to selective timber extraction have received considerable attention in the last few decades, yet there is little consensus among the large number of studies about the most appropriate sampling design. Here, we reviewed 26 years of tropical forest logging literature to evaluate the relationship between sampling design and the quality of information reported, which varied greatly among 75 studies. Most studies (88%) failed to include a pre-logging baseline condition in the sampling design, and the temporal scale of post-logging studies was generally inadequate. Studies also usually failed to report key information on study areas; only half of the articles reported some information on the spatial scale of the study, and only one-third presented some quantitative metric to describe forest habitat structure. Additionally, most studies (64%) failed to report the type of forest management and almost half (45%) did not describe the intensity of timber harvest in the logged areas. These sampling and reporting biases in logging studies hugely undermine the comparability among studies. We conclude with some general guidelines to maximize comparability among studies, and to enhance the potential usefulness of future logging studies for wildlife conservation strategies in tropical forest regions.
Regional variations of mesospheric gravity-wave momentum flux over Antarctica

Abstract. Images of mesospheric airglow and radar-wind measurements have been combined to estimate the difference in the vertical flux of horizontal momentum carried by high-frequency gravity waves over two dissimilar Antarctic stations. Rothera (67° S, 68° W) is situated in the mountains of the Peninsula near the edge of the wintertime polar vortex. In contrast, Halley (76° S, 27° W), some 1658 km to the southeast, is located on an ice sheet at the edge of the Antarctic Plateau and deep within the polar vortex during winter. The cross-correlation coefficients between the vertical and horizontal wind perturbations were calculated from sodium (Na) airglow imager data collected during the austral winter seasons of 2002 and 2003 at Rothera for comparison with the 2000 and 2001 results from Halley reported previously (Espy et al., 2004). These cross-correlation coefficients were combined with wind-velocity variances from coincident radar measurements to estimate the daily averaged upper-limit of the vertical flux of horizontal momentum due to gravity waves near the peak emission altitude of the Na nightglow layer, 90km. The resulting momentum flux at both stations displayed a large day-to-day variability and showed a marked seasonal rotation from the northwest to the southwest throughout the winter. However, the magnitude of the flux at Rothera was about 4 times larger than that at Halley, suggesting that the differences in the gravity-wave source functions and filtering by the underlying winds at the two stations create significant regional differences in wave forcing on the scale of the station separation.
Giant component in random multipartite graphs with given degree sequences

We study the problem of the existence of a giant component in a random multipartite graph. We consider a random multipartite graph with (p) parts generated according to a given degree sequence (n_i^{mathbf{d}}(n)), (nge1) which denotes the number of vertices in part (i) of the multipartite graph with degree given by the vector (mathbf{d}) in an (n)-node graph. We assume that the empirical distribution of the degree sequence converges to a limiting probability distribution. Under certain mild regularity assumptions, we characterize the conditions under which, with high probability, there exists a component of linear size. The characterization involves checking whether the Perron-Frobenius norm of the matrix of means of a certain associated edge-biased distribution is greater than unity. We also specify the size of the giant component when it exists. We use the exploration process of Reed Molloy and Reed (1995) to analyze the size of components in the random graph. The main challenges arise due to the multidimensionality of the random processes involved which prevents us from directly applying the techniques from the standard unipartite case. In this paper we use techniques from the theory of multidimensional Galton-Watson processes along with Lyapunov function technique to overcome the challenges.
Stablity of solitary waves in higher order Sobolev spaces

The orbital stability of solitary waves has generally been established in Sobolev classes of relatively low order, such as H 1 . It is shown here that at least for solitary-wave solutions of certain model equations, a sharp form of orbital stability is valid in L 2 -based Sobolev classes of arbitrarily high order. Our theory includes the classical Korteweg-de Vries equation, the Benjamin- Ono equation and the cubic, nonlinear Schrodinger equation.
Transformation from spirals into S0s with bulge growth in groups of galaxies

Recent observations have revealed that the time evolution of the S0 number fraction at intermediate and high redshifts (0.2 < z < 0.8) is more dramatic in groups of galaxies than in clusters. In order to understand the origin of S0s in groups, we investigate numerically the morphological transformation of spirals into S0s through group-related physical processes. Our chemodynamical simulations show that spirals in group environments can be strongly influenced by repetitive slow encounters with group member galaxies so that those with thin disks and prominent spiral arm structures can be transformed into S0s with thick disks and without prominent spiral arm structure. Such tidal interactions can also trigger repetitive starbursts within the bulges of spirals and consequently increase significantly the masses of their bulges. Owing to rapid consumption of gas initially in spirals during the bulge growth, the S0s can become gas-poor. The S0s transformed from spirals in this way have young and metal-rich stellar populations in the inner regions of their bulges. The simulated S0s have lower maximum rotational velocities and flatter radial line-of-sight velocity dispersion profiles in comparison to their progenitor spirals. The formation processes of S0s due to tidal interactions depend not only on the masses and orbits of the progenitor spirals, but also on group mass. A significant fraction (10 30%) of stars and gas can be stripped during this spiral to S0 morphological transformation so that intragroup stars and gas can be formed. Based on these results, we discuss structures, kinematics, chemical properties, and the Tully-Fisher relation of S0s in groups.
EFFECT ON BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF CYANOBACTERIUM ANABAENA SP UNDER LEAD STRESS.

Pratibha Rani Deep, Shantanu Bhattacharyya and Binata Nayak. School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, JyotiVihar, Sambalpur, Odisha, India-768019 . Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Divergence of Opinion and Equity Returns

In this paper, we examine the relation between stock returns and analysts' heterogeneous expectations. We find that stock returns are positively associated with divergence of opinion. Our evidence provides no support for Miller's (1977) overvaluation hypothesis, which predicts lower (higher) future returns for high (low) divergence of opinion stocks in the presence of short-selling constraints. Our findings are based on the use of the diversity measure, which is free from the confounding effects of uncertainty in analysts' forecasts and is therefore a more accurate measure of divergence of opinion than dispersion. Our results refute the view that dispersion in analysts' forecasts reflects divergence of opinion. Our evidence is robust to the use of alternative measures of short-selling constraints, time intervals, optimism in analysts' forecasts, and herding in analysts' behavior.
Habits Enactment of Intentions Is Thwarted by Acting and Non-Acting Changing Simple Energy-Related Consumer Behaviors : How the

Achieving ambitious CO2 emission reductions require changing mundane consumer behaviors in addition to increasing modern technology’s energysaving potential. Frequently, energy-related behaviors, however, may occur highly and thus tend to become habitual. On basis of the notion that habits represent automatic reactions to situations, and hence, are hard to control, we examined whether the capability to perform or abstain from performing actions depends on the type of habit established. We tested whether an acting habit (switching off the light upon leaving a room) supports execution of the intention to act (switching it off), but hinders the intention to abstain from acting (not switching it off). Conversely, a habit of not switching off the light (a non-acting habit) is expected to obstruct execution of the intention to switch the light off, but facilitates the intention to not switch it off. Results 1University of Twente, The Netherlands 2Utrecht University, The Netherlands 3Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Corresponding Author: Peter de Vries, Marketing Communication and Consumer Psychology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands Email: p.w. devries@utwente.nl at University Library Utrecht on June 7, 2012 eab.sagepub. com Downloaded from
Corporate governance and intellectual capital disclosure

This study examines whether facets of corporate governance (board size, proportion of independent directors on the board, board committees, and Big 4 auditor) promote the voluntary disclosure of intellectual capital in annual reports in Australia and New Zealand and whether this is country dependent. Data was collected from OSIRIS and annual reports with disclosure detected through a rigorous electronic word search approach. Statistical testing with OLS regression followed. The presence of nomination committees and a majority of independent directors on the board were found to be significant positive predictors of intellectual capital disclosure in both countries, and larger board sizes in Australian companies enhanced intellectual capital disclosure. These results concur with resource dependency and stakeholder theoretical arguments.
On Stability of Curvilinear Shock Wave in a Viscous Gas

The planar shock wave in a viscous gas which is treated as a strong discontinuity is unstable against small perturbations. As in the case of a planar shock wave we suggest such boundary conditions that the linear initial-boundary value problem on the stability of a curv ilinear shock wave (subject to these boundary conditions) is well-posed. We also propose a new effective computational algorith m for investigation the stability. This algorithm uses the nonstationary regularizat ion, the method of lines, the stabilizat ion method, the spline function technique and the sweep method. Applying it we succeed to obtain the stationary solution of the considered boundary-value problem justifying the stability of shock wave.
INTELLIGENT LANGUAGE TUTORING SYSTEMS FOR GRAMMAR PRACTICE

Commonly, publishers of language learning material also provide Web sites that contain vocabulary and grammar practice for second language learners. Mainstream course offerings on the Web, however, often resemble the traditional workbook exercises from which they were adapted, making little use, for instance, of the multimedia capabilities of the Web. For example, a commonly used course package for introductory German(1) contains a companion Web site with vocabulary and grammar exercises for each of the 12 chapters of the textbook. None of these exercises on the Web site, however, contain any graphics, sound or videos which would enhance the static material character of workbooks.
How imperative are the Joneses? Economic growth between individual desire and social coercion

Worldwide, economic growth is a prominent goal, despite its severe conflicts with ecological sustainability. Are 'growth policies' only a question of political or individual will, or do 'growth imperatives' exist that make them 'inescapable'? And why do people consume ever more, even in 'rich' countries? These questions are of political relevance, discussed since long - and essentially contested, especially along the dimensions free will vs. social coercion, and 'socio-cultural' influences vs. 'economic' reasons. We carefully derive definitions of the key terms 'social coercion' and 'growth imperative', referring to the concept of methodological individualism. Based on the assumption derived elsewhere that an economic growth imperative actually exists, we analyze some socio-cultural influences on individual behavior, dividing the debate in three subgroups. On the demand side, we study why people seemingly consume beyond basic needs to compare with others for social and cultural reasons, or to increase opportunities, while on the supply side, we analyze why people work more than needed given their consumption plans. When socio-cultural influences are truly forceful, they are usually based on economic pressure. Also, accumulation and certain consumption decisions can be traced back to quite 'rational' motives, making an often demanded 'cultural transformation' towards sufficiency a difficult project. Reproductive considerations (mating) and technology as households' investment may be considerably underestimated as consumption motives, the second probably causing a positive feedback loop. We conclude that, with regard to inescapability, socio-cultural mechanisms are secondary, compared with economic pressure on individuals.
Size-Fractionated Phytoplankton and Relationships with Metazooplankton in a Newly Flooded Reservoir

In order to yield some insights into the planktonic food web structure of new reservoirs, size-fractionated biomass and productivity of phytoplankton were examined from 1996 to 1997 (following the 1995 flooding of the Sep Reservoir, Puy-de-Dome, France), in relation to nutrients (P, N) and metazooplankton (Rotifers, Cladocera, Copepods). Autotrophic nanoplankton (ANP, size class 3-45 μm) dominated the phytoplankton biomass (as Chlorophyll a) and production, while autotrophic picoplankton (APP, 0.7-3 μm) exhibited the lowest and relatively constant biomass and production. Cells of the autotrophic microplankton (AMP, >45 μm) were considered inedible for planktonic herbivores. The production-biomass diagram for the different size classes and the positive correlation between APP production and ANP + AMP production suggested that grazing was potentially more important than nutrients in shaping the phytoplankton size structure. Metazooplankton biomass was low compared to other newly flooded reservoirs or to natural lakes with phytoplankton biomass similar to that of the Sep Reservoir. This resulted in low ratios (metazooplankton to edible phytoplankton) both in terms of production (average 0.43% in 1996 and 0.76% in 1997) and biomass, suggesting that only a small fraction of phytoplankton was directly consumed by metazooplankton. We suggest that the observed low ratios in the Sep Reservoir, reflect possible low metazooplankton inputs in the main influents, changes in hydrologic conditions and a high potential role of microheterotrophs. The latter role was supported by (i) the positive inter-annual correlation between ciliates and phytoplankton, (ii) the significant and negative correlations between ciliates and metazooplankton, and (iii) the significant and negative correlations between total metazooplankton biomass and total phosphorus (TP), whereas neither TP nor total metazooplankton biomass was correlated with phytoplankton variables.
Fluorimetric study the interaction between asiatic acid and bovine serumalbumin

The mutual interaction of asiatic acid(AA) with bovine serum albumin(BSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy. The results revealed that asiatic acid(AA) caused the fluorescence quenching of bovine serum albumin(BSA) through a static quenching procedure. The Stern-Volmer quenching constant were calculated at different temperature. The binding site, apparent binding constant and corresponding thermodynamic parameters iÂÂGo, iÂÂHo, iÂÂSo were calculated and theHydrogen bond andVan derWaals force play an important role in stabilizing the complex. Besides, the effect of Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Mn2+and Co2+ on the binding constants between asiatic acid(AA) and bovine serumalbumin(BSA) were studied.