Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PU.1 protein expression has a positive linear association with protein expression of germinal centre B cell genes including BCL‐6, CD10, CD20 and CD22: identification of PU.1 putative binding sites in the BCL‐6 promotor

The transcription factor PU.1 has been shown to be crucial for the early stages of B cell development but its function at later stages of B cell development is less well known. We observed previously that PU.1 is expressed uniformly throughout the mature pre‐plasma cell B cell population, the only exception being a subpopulation of germinal centre (GC) cells which showed exceptionally high expression of PU.1. This suggested that PU.1 may also have a role in GC B cell biology. To test this hypothesis and to screen for possible genes regulated by PU.1, we first evaluated semi‐quantitatively the possible co‐expression of PU.1 with proteins known to be upregulated or downregulated during GC B cell development. Normal lymphoid tissues and 255 B cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas of putative GC B cell origin were evaluated. PU.1 expression was positively associated with CD10 (p < 0.0001), CD20 (p = 0.043), CD22 (p = 0.005), CD79a (p = 0.024) and Bcl‐6 (p < 0.0001) and negatively associated with cytoplasmic immunoglobulin light‐chain expression (p = 0.036) in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Identical or nearly identical associations were found in follicular lymphoma. Since CD20 is known to be partly regulated by PU.1 and putative PU.1‐binding sites have been described in the regulatory regions of the CD22, CD79a and CD10 genes, we looked for putative PU.1 binding sites in the BCL6 promotor. Four such putative PU.1 binding sites were identified. Further analysis by gel‐shift electromobility essay showed that PU.1 protein binds to three of the four putative binding sites in the BCL6 promotor. PU.1 and Bcl‐6 were also found to be upregulated in centroblasts in the normal GC, but jointly downregulated in a subpopulation of centrocytes. Our findings support the contention that PU.1 may also have an important role in GC B cell development. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inside the EU Commission: Evidence on the Perceived Relevance of the Secretariat General in Climate Policy‐Making

This article studies the perception of the EU Commission's Secretariat General in policyâ€ making. Recently, research on EU institutions devotes increasing attention to analyzing structures and procedures of decisionâ€ making in EU institutions, most notably the EU Commission. Conventionally, the EU Commission is portrayed as a fragmented organization, divided along the lines of staff nationality, sectoral responsibilities and cabinets and General Directorates (DGs). The Secretariat General has long been viewed a weak actor that is hardly able or motivated to steer internal decisionâ€ making. However, recent research indicates a changing role of the Secretariat General as a proâ€ active broker and last arbiter. This article studies how the Secretariat General is perceived by the DGs in policy coordination and argues that this perception depends on the pattern of political authority, bureaucratic roles and the relevance and the alternatives prevailing in the policy field. The article is based on data from a survey among Commission officials.
Return Contributions of Factors and Characteristics in an Integrated Asset Pricing Approach

We extend the standard one-period expected utility model based on exponential preferences with additional preference variables for asset characteristics, which are able to capture cross-sectional return differences. Contrary to the literature we treat characteristics as indicator variables to indicate whether a stock exhibits a certain characteristic or not. These indicator variables can be interpreted as "coloured markers" of stock characteristics. We derive simple empirically testable relationships, from which we dissect portfolio excess returns into return contributions coming from the covariance with common factors (market excess return, HML, SMB) and characteristics. Especially we find the robust results that the characteristics distress and high volatility carry significant and large absolute return contributions. Moreover, the characteristic return contributions exhibit strong return seasonalities and changes over the sample period.
The Continuing Validity of Monetary Policy Autonomy Under Floating Exchange Rates

Economic research in recent years has given considerable prominence to the issue of whether a floating exchange rate provides autonomy with regard to monetary policy to a central bank whose economy is highly open. In particular, Rey (2016) has argued that inflation-targeting advanced economies lack monetary policy autonomy by pointing to results suggesting that U.S. monetary policy shocks matter for the behavior of key financial variables in these economies. In contrast, it is argued in this paper that monetary autonomy does prevail in inflation-targeting advanced economies, notwithstanding the reaction of these economies? asset prices to U.S. monetary policy developments. The reason is that the monetary-autonomy argument, as advanced by Milton Friedman and as embedded in new open-economy models, rests on the fact that the monetary base is insulated from foreign influences under floating rates. This fact allows the home monetary authority to pursue a stabilization policy in which it has a decisive influence on nominal variables in the long run, as well as a short-run influence on real variables. The result that rest-of-world monetary policy is among the other factors affecting the short-run behavior of real variables (including real asset prices) in a small, floating-rate open economy turns out to be consistent with the traditional and appropriate concept of monetary policy autonomy under floating exchange rates. It follows that such effects of rest-of-world monetary policy on the home economy are consistent with the celebrated open-economy trilemma.
Increasing Women’s Political Participation: The Role of Women-Friendly Districts

Women have historically participated in political activities such as speaking at public meetings and contributing to candidates at lower rates than men. One explanation for this phenomenon is women’s underrepresentation in political institutions, which compromises their sense of political efficacy. In support of this explanation, as the number of women in government has increased, gender gaps in participation have narrowed in most industrialised democracies. However, the United States lags behind much of the western world in terms of both women’s representation and political participation. We, thus, examine whether contextual factors, in this case so-called ‘women-friendly districts’, improve American women’s political participation [Palmer, Barbara and Dennis Simon. 2008. Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Women and Congressional Elections. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge]. We find that in women-friendly districts, American women’s political participation is statistically indistinguishable from men’s participation. However, outside of these districts, women generally demonstrate lower levels of political activity than men. Counterintuitively, however, these gains are not the result of increasing female participation, but rather decreasing male engagement.
Brain MR Imaging and 1H-MR Spectroscopy Changes in Patients with Extrahepatic Portal Vein Obstruction from Early Childhood to Adulthood

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging and 1H-MR spectroscopy changes are well reported in cirrhotic patients, whereas they are inadequately reported in EHPVO. The aim of this study was to investigate age-related changes in brain MR imaging and metabolite profile in EHPVO with and without MHE and to explore any correlation of imaging and 1H-MR spectroscopy parameters with blood ammonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-three patients with EHPVO (children, 7–12 years [n = 22], adolescents, 13–18 years [n = 15] and adults, 19–41 years [n = 26]) and 47 healthy age/sex-matched volunteers were studied. Neuropsychological tests, MR imaging, 1H-MR spectroscopy, and blood ammonia estimation were performed in all subjects. RESULTS: Of 63 EHPVO patients, 25 (40%) who had MHE showed significantly increased MD, Glx, and blood ammonia in all 3 age groups; however, myo-inositol was significantly lower only in adults when compared with controls. MD positively correlated with blood ammonia and Glx in all age groups. Brain choline levels were normal in all patients with different age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in brain MD, Glx, and blood ammonia were associated with MHE in all age groups. Normal brain choline in EHPVO signifies healthy liver and may serve as a diagnostic marker for its differentiation from cirrhosis-induced encephalopathy. Significant decrease of myo-inositol in adults is probably due to cellular osmoregulation secondary to long-standing hyperammonemia.
Effect of empowerment on the quality of life of the survivors of breast cancer: The moderating effect of self‐help group participation

AIM To analyze the moderating effect of self-help group participation on the relationship between empowerment and quality of life for survivors of breast cancer. METHODS This study was conducted in breast cancer centers in general hospitals and long-term care hospitals with 264 survivors of breast cancer. The Cancer Empowerment Questionnaire and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast were used for the data collection. Differences between the regularly attending participants in the self-help groups and those who did not regularly attend were studied and these groups were dichotomized. RESULTS The empowerment of the survivors of breast cancer significantly influenced their quality of life. Depending on their participation in the self-help group, there was a significant difference in their quality of life. After controlling for empowerment, however, participation in the self-help group did not significantly influence the survivors' quality of life. Participation in the self-help group had a significant effect on the survivors' sense of empowerment, which in turn positively influenced their quality of life. CONCLUSION It is essential to provide emotional support, including valuable information, to the survivors of breast cancer who do not participate in self-help groups.
Technical considerations for RNA-based stable isotope probing: an approach to associating microbial diversity with microbial community function.

An ongoing challenge within microbial ecology is the development of methodologies that attribute microbial community functions to microbial diversity. One approach, involving the incorporation of stable isotopes from labelled tracer compounds into biological signature molecules (biomarkers), may overcome this current limitation. To examine the potential of RNA as the biomarker in stable isotope probing we have generated a series of atom % (13)C-enriched RNA samples through exploitation of the anabolic abilities of a phenol-degrading environmental isolate. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used to determine the atom % (13)C of each RNA sample (ca. 1-100%). The corresponding buoyant density (1.755-1.795 g mL(-1)) was determined by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation and agarose gel electrophoresis. This empirically defined relationship between the atom % (13)C of RNA and its buoyant density suggests ribonucleic acids with atom % (13)C enrichments greater than 10% can be isolated by equilibrium density centrifugation. The processing and analysis of isolated RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, cloning and sequencing are discussed. The RNA-based stable isotope probing protocol presented here will find particular utility in assessing the roles of microbial community members in the biodegradation of natural and anthropogenic xenobiotic compounds.
Seizure entrainment with polarizing low-frequency electric fields in a chronic animal epilepsy model

Neural activity can be modulated by applying a polarizing low-frequency (≪100 Hz) electric field (PLEF). Unlike conventional pulsed stimulation, PLEF stimulation has a graded, modulatory effect on neuronal excitability, and permits the simultaneous recording of neuronal activity during stimulation suitable for continuous feedback control. We tested a prototype system that allows for simultaneous PLEF stimulation with minimal recording artifact in a chronic tetanus toxin animal model (rat) of hippocampal epilepsy with spontaneous seizures. Depth electrode local field potentials recorded during seizures revealed a characteristic pattern of field postsynaptic potentials (fPSPs). Sinusoidal voltage-controlled PLEF stimulation (0.5–25 Hz) was applied in open-loop cycles radially across the CA3 of ventral hippocampus. For stimulated seizures, fPSPs were transiently entrained with the PLEF waveform. Statistical significance of entrainment was assessed with Thomson's harmonic F-test, with 45/132 stimulated seizures in four animals individually demonstrating significant entrainment (p < 0.04). Significant entrainment for multiple presentations at the same frequency (p < 0.01) was observed in three of four animals in 42/64 stimulated seizures. This is the first demonstration in chronically implanted freely behaving animals of PLEF modulation of neural activity with simultaneous recording.
Serosal balls detected immunocytochemically in peritoneal lavage obtained during surgery

Using the immunoperoxidase technique, we studied “serosal balls,” which have features resembling those of cells from primary and metastatic tumors, and may thus complicate cytodiagnosis. Serosal balls were detected in 32 (18%) of 174 peritoneal washings. The balls consisted of oval clusters of cells in solid masses surrounded by flattened cells. The interior of the serosal balls was stained green with Papanicolaou method, showing the presence of homogeneous amorphous material, sometimes stained in a filamentous pattern. Almost all serosal balls were stained immunocytochemically for both keratin and vimentin. The interior was stained with antibodies against collagen types I and III. Therefore, these balls were fragments of serous membrane, and contained fibrous tissue and mesothelial cells. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Network Embeddedness in Exploration and Exploitation of Joint R&D Projects: A Structural Approach

This paper analyses how network embeddedness affects exploration and exploitation R&D project performance. By developing joint projects, partners and projects are linked to one another and form a network that generates social capital. We examine how the location, which determines the access to information and knowledge within a network of relationships, affects the performance of projects. We consider this question in the setup of exploration and exploitation projects, using a database built from an EU Framework. We find that each of the structural´ embeddedness dimensions (degree, betweenness and eigenvector centrality) have a different impact on the exploration and exploitation project performance. Our empirical analysis extends to project management literature, and social capital theory, by including the effect that the acquisition of external knowledge has on the performance of the project.
Analisis Keterkaitan Produksi Kunyit di Indonesia dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya

This study aims to analyze the relationship between turmeric production and the factors that influence it. The variables used in this study include production, export, import, inflation, land area, and exchange rate. This research is a descriptive research. The data in this study are data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Trade and Bank Indonesia. Research data were analyzed using regression analysis. The data used are secondary data for a period of 15 years namely 2002-2016. The results showed that the variables of export, import, inflation, land area and exchange rate together significantly influence the production of turmeric. Partially, the export, inflation and land area variables significantly influence the production of turmeric. While the import and exchange rate variables have no significant effect on turmeric production.
Fiber system linking the mid‐dorsolateral frontal cortex with the retrosplenial/presubicular region in the rhesus monkey

The present study investigated the origin, course, and terminations of the association fiber system linking the frontal cortex with the hippocampal system by means of the cingulum bundle. Injections of tritiated amino acids were placed within individual cytoarchitectonic areas of the frontal cortex in the rhesus monkey. It was demonstrated that the mid‐dorsolateral frontal cortex (areas 46, 9/46, and 9) and its medial extension (medial areas 9 and 9/32) is the origin of a specific fiber pathway, running posteriorly as part of the cingulum bundle, and terminating mainly in the retrosplenial area 30 and the posterior presubiculum. This fiber bundle therefore provides the anatomical substrate of a functional interaction between the mid‐dorsolateral frontal cortex and the hippocampal memory system for the monitoring of information within working memory. J. Comp. Neurol. 407:183–192, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PERAN KOMITE SEKOLAH DALAM MANAJEMEN BERBASIS SEKOLAH DI SD ISLAM TERPADU BUAH HATI KABUPATEN PEMALANG

The purpose of this research is to gain an overview of the role of the school committee in the implementation of School Based Management in Elementary School Buah Hati District of Pemalang. The focus of research is the role of the school committee in the implementation of School Based Management with sub focus the role of the school committee as a conduit of consideration, the school committee as a support, the school committee as a controller, the school committee as a mediator in Elementary School Buah Hati District of Pemalang. Results showed the role of communities in School Based Management has a strategic role means that the school committee acts as a conduit of consideration in the form of ideas, input, aspirations, involvement in school programs, serve as a support in terms of funding, supporting school activities, imaging either to the surrounding community, the role of controlling which act as watchdogs of the budget in the form of reports, supervisory activities, acting as a liaison between multiple mediators that school with parents, education authorities and the public. Elementary School Buah Hati has a principle of independence, accountability, transparency, and strong partnerships that school that provides easy access to information to the school community and the public on what is being done with school by utilizing various communication channels. Constraint of the school committee in the implementation of school-based management is the lack of communication between the school and the school committee because of lack of time owned by the school committee .
Is Sciatic Nerve Block Advantageous When Combined With Femoral Nerve Block for Postoperative Analgesia Following Total Knee Arthroplasty?: A Systematic Review

Sciatic nerve block (SNB) is commonly performed in combination with femoral nerve block (FNB) for postoperative analgesia following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This systematic review examines the effects of adding SNB to FNB for TKA compared with FNB alone on acute pain and related outcomes. Four intermediate-quality randomized and 3 observational trials, including a total of 391 patients, were identified. Three of 4 trials investigating the addition of single-shot SNB and 2 of 3 trials investigating continuous SNB reported improved early analgesia at rest and reduced early opioid consumption. Only 2 trials specifically assessed posterior knee pain. We were unable to uncover any clinically important analgesic advantages for SNB beyond 24 hours postoperatively. At present, there is inconclusive evidence in the literature to define the effect of adding SNB to FNB on acute pain and related outcomes compared with FNB alone for TKA.
Segmentation-by-detection: A cascade network for volumetric medical image segmentation

We propose an attention mechanism for 3D medical image segmentation. The method, named segmentation-by-detection, is a cascade of a detection module followed by a segmentation module. The detection module enables a region of interest to come to attention and produces a set of object region candidates which are further used as an attention model. Rather than dealing with the entire volume, the segmentation module distills the information from the potential region. This scheme is an efficient solution for volumetric data as it reduces the influence of the surrounding noise. This is especially important for medical data with low signal-to-noise ratio. Experimental results on 3D ultrasound data of the femoral head shows superiority of the proposed method when compared with a standard fully convolutional network like the U-Net.
A tale of two tails: The importance of unstructured termini in the aggregation pathway of β2‐microglobulin

The identification of intermediate states for folding and aggregation is important from a fundamental standpoint and for the design of novel therapeutic strategies targeted at conformational disorders. Protein human β2‐microglobulin (HB2m) is classically associated with dialysis‐related amyloidosis, but the single point mutant D76N was recently identified as the causative agent of a hereditary systemic amyloidosis affecting visceral organs. Here, we use D76N as a model system to explore the early stage of the aggregation mechanism of HB2m by means of an integrative approach framed on molecular simulations. Discrete molecular dynamics simulations of a structured‐based model predict the existence of two intermediate states populating the folding landscape. The intermediate I1 features an unstructured C‐terminus, while I2, which is exclusively populated by the mutant, exhibits two unstructured termini. Docking simulations indicate that I2 is the key species for aggregation at acidic and physiological pH contributing to rationalize the higher amyloidogenic potential of D76N relative to the wild‐type protein and the ΔN6 variant. The analysis carried out here recapitulates the importance of the DE‐loop in HB2m self‐association at a neutral pH and predicts a leading role of the C‐terminus and the adjacent G‐strand in the dimerization process under acidic conditions. The identification of aggregation hot‐spots is in line with experimental results that support the importance of Phe56, Asp59, Trp60, Phe62, Tyr63, and Tyr66 in HB2m amyloidogenesis. We further predict the involvement of new residues such as Lys94 and Trp95 in the aggregation process.
Secure Password-Based Protocol for Downloading a Private Key

We present protocols that allow a user Alice, knowing only her name and password, and not carrying a smart card, to “log in to the network” from a “generic” workstation, i.e., one that has all the necessary software installed, but none of the configuration information usually assumed to be known a priori in a security scheme, such as Alice’s public and private keys, her certificate, and the public keys of one or more CAs. By “logging in”, we mean the workstation retrieves this information on behalf of the user. This would be straightforward if Alice had a cryptographically strong password. We propose protocols that are secure even if Alice’s password is guessable. We concentrate on the initial retrieval of Alice’s private key from some server Bob on the network. We discuss various protocols for doing this that avoid off-line password guessing attacks by someone eavesdropping or impersonating Alice or Bob. We discuss auditable vs. unauditable on-line attacks, and present protocols that allow Bob to be stateless, avoid denial-of-service attacks, allow for salt, and are minimal in computation and number of messages.