Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTION IN LIVE STRANDED, INJURED, TRAPPED, AND CAPTIVE CETACEANS IN SOUTHEASTERN QUEENSLAND AND NORTHERN NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA

We report serologic evidence of cetacean morbillivirus (CMV) infection in five of eight cetacean species found live stranded, injured, or trapped along the coast of southeastern Queensland and northern New South Wales, Australia between December 2005 and January 2011. Antibody to CMV was detected in 13 of 27 (48%) wild cetaceans sampled. Antibody prevalence was significantly higher in clinically diseased (69%) compared to nondiseased (18%) animals (P=0.018). There was high antibody prevalence (83%, n=6) in melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra). Two of 13 (15%) captive cetaceans sampled between November 2005 and January 2011 had CMV antibodies and, as infection was unlikely to have occurred while in captivity, CMV infection appears to have been present in Australian wild cetaceans since at least 1985. These results indicate that morbillivirus infection is occurring without widespread cetacean mortality in this region. However, as the deaths of two immature Australian offshore bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were attributed to CMV infection, morbillivirus infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of disease in cetaceans in Australia. Captive cetacean populations may be prone to significant mortality as a result of CMV introduction, so strict quarantine procedures should be enforced when injured or stranded cetaceans are hospitalized and rehabilitated at Australian zoos and marine parks.
HOST‐PARASITE RESEMBLANCE IN AUSTRALIAN MISTLETOES: THE CASE FOR CRYPTIC MIMICRY

A feature of Australian loranthaceous mistletoes is the close vegetative similarity, especially of the leaves, between many species of mistletoe and their usual hosts. The phenomenon involves, particularly, several dominant Australian genera of host trees such as Eucalyptus, Acacia, and Casuarina, and a number of mistletoe genera, including Amyema, Lysiana, Muellerina, Diplatia, and Dendrophthoe. It also occurs in virtually all ecological associations from wet sclerophyll forest to arid woodland. The apparent vegetative mimicry of their hosts by many Australian species of Loranthaceae is a popular topic for discussion among naturalists, but rather few references occur in the literature, and no experimental studies of the basis of the mimicry have been undertaken. Among earlier authors, Drummond (1840) and Hemsley (1896) commented on vegetative similarity of various mistletoes and their hosts. Moore (1899) and Le Plastrier (1920) considered the mimicry to be a protective adaptation, and although Moore (1899) commented further on the apparent palatability of the mistletoe, he suggested that herbivores might be attracted to the plants by showy, nectar-rich flowers. Blakely (1922) denied the existence of host mimicry in mistletoes, but he interpreted the concept of mimicry differently from other authors. He ignored the overall similarity between host and parasite at the species or population level, and discussed the variability or plasticity within mistletoe populations and the extent to which it corresponded with variation in the host population. After finding no correlation in the variability, he concluded that mistletoes showed "no marked power of mimicry" of their hosts. The, primary object of this paper is to elucidate the nature of the apparent vegetative mimicry by many Australian loranthaceous mistletoes of their respective hosts. A full review of the subject of mimicry in higher plants has not been attempted, but the nature of other known or suspected cases is discussed as background for the present study.
[Insight and Social Functioning in Deficit and Nondeficit Schizophrenia].

We read with great enthusiasm the article titled ‘’Insight and Social Functioning in Deficit and Nondeficit Schizophrenia’’ published in your journal in issue 2014;25(3):157-62 (Köşger et al. 2014). First, we congratulate the authors that performed this valuable study. When the article was evaluated, “The Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome (SDS)’’ was used to determine the groups with and without deficit syndrome (Kirkpatrick et al. 1993a). Both Kirkpatrick et al. and the author of the study stated that using only the SDS was insufficient for the determination of the deficit syndrome (Kirkpatrick et al. 2001, Köşger et al. 2014). When the studies were conducted with a similar group of examined patients, groups with and without deficit syndrome in schizophrenia were determined by using the (i) Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and (ii) by making a series of calculations (Dickerson et al. 2006, Kay et al. 1987). Proxy for the Deficit Syndrome (PDS) was calculated as PDS= blunted affect (guilt + anxiety + depression + hostility) in a sample study (Kirkpatrick et al. 1993b). We suggest that these types of calculations would be more comprehensive and more objective in the determination of the deficit syndrome. An important finding supports our suggestion, since the author determined a higher positive symptom score in the group with deficit syndrome. Although the authors tried to explain the reasons for this result with cross-sectional evaluation of patients in terms of positive symptoms, the inability to identify the groups was more significant in forming this result. Another finding that supports our proposed approach was the identification that 42.0% of the enrolled schizophrenia patients had deficit syndrome. This ratio was determined to be 24-27% in studies with a similar patient group (Dickerson et al. 2006, Cascella et al. 2008). Our approach would take into consideration the schizophrenia patients with deficiency syndrome that were not been identified because they were only evaluated by SDS in this study.
Under the microscope: An experimental look at board transparency and director monitoring behavior

Research Summary: It is well known in corporate governance scholarship that independent directors differ in the vigilance with which they monitor corporate insiders. This difference depends largely on whether independent directors are concerned more with their public reputation or with their prospects in the director labor market. The explanation for this difference depends on an assumption of information asymmetry, however. In the present study, we relax the assumption of information asymmetry to examine how boardroom transparency affects directors’ monitoring behavior. Using a randomized experimental study of actual independent directors, we find that boardroom transparency amplifies the effect of directors’ inclinations toward either active or passive monitoring, with directors inclined toward vigilant monitoring becoming even more vigilant, and directors inclined toward passive monitoring becoming even more passive. Managerial Summary: In most advanced economies, the board's internal decision processes are either undisclosed or disclosed only to a very limited extent. It remains unknown, then, whether directors would behave differently if their behaviors were made public. We find that when their actions are disclosed to the public, directors concerned with their public reputations become more vigilant, whereas those concerned with their prospects for additional board seats become more passive in monitoring corporate insiders. Whereas regulatory bodies and corporate governance watchdogs have recently advocated for greater disclosure of the boardroom decision‐making process, our study suggests that such mandatory disclosure requirements can exacerbate, rather than alleviate, the problem of passive director monitoring.
Corporate social responsibility, ambidextrous leadership, and service excellence

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to delve into the interactive effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ambidextrous leadership on customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (customer-oriented OCB) and service recovery performance among tourism industry workers. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected data from participants working in tour companies based in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The associations among the constructs in the research model were tested through multilevel structural equation modeling. Findings Data analysis supported the positive links between CSR and customer-oriented OCB and service recovery performance. Customer-oriented job-crafting emerged as a mediator for such relationships. Ambidextrous leadership played a moderating role to attenuate the positive impacts of CSR on customer-oriented job crafting, customer-oriented OCB and service recovery performance. Originality/value The study extends the tourism management literature by linking CSR to customer-oriented OCB and service recovery performance among tourism employees via customer-oriented job crafting as a mediator and ambidextrous leadership as a moderator.
The relationships between chronic gastritis and gastric acid secretion.

Helicobacter pylori is the main cause of chronic gastritis in humans. Autoimmune mechanisms and Helicobacter heilmannii infection are other causes, both of which are of minor significance in a worldwide perspective. Atrophic gastritis is a quite common late consequence of H. pylori gastritis and will develop on a multifactorial basis, but not in all infected persons. The evolution of atrophic gastritis is a slow and gradually worsening process leading to subtypes, in which the antrum and corpus are affected to dissimilar extent and degree. The distal part of the stomach is the site where the atrophic sequelae (atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia) of H. pylori infection occur most often. A minority of cases develop corpus‐limited, or corpus‐ predominant atrophic gastritis. Along with the worsening of atrophic gastritis, inflammation and density of colonization of the mucosa by H. pylori tend to decrease in grade. In general, the degree of gastric mucosal inflammation, acute and chronic, is positively related to the degree of colonization of the mucosa by H. pylori. Acid secretion and local acidity are factors which modulate the ecology and density of colonization of H. pylori in the stomach, and may thus also modulate the evolution of chronic gastritis into topographically dissimilar subtypes. Acid secretion varies among individuals, this variation being perhaps caused by hereditary differences in parietal cell mass, or by differences in the sensitivity of parietal cells to hormonal or neural stimuli. It is hypothesized that in genuine hypersecretors, H. pylori colonization and subsequent gastritis with atrophic and metaplastic sequelae may be limited to the antrum, while in hyposecretors gastritis predominates in the corpus. In the latter, atrophic gastritis in the corpus then leads to further impairment of acid output. In these cases, H. pylori infection and gastritis may, finally, heal in the antrum, resulting in hypochlorhydria and atrophic gastritis that is limited to, or predominant in the corpus.
Repeat Reliability of the Multifocal Visual Evoked Potential in Normal and Glaucomatous Eyes

PurposeTo investigate the repeat reliability of the multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP). Patients and MethodsFifteen subjects with no known abnormalities of the visual system and 10 patients with glaucoma participated in the study. Monocular mfVEPs were recorded on two separate days, using a 60-sector, pattern-reversal dartboard array. Within a single session, two 7-minute. recordings were obtained for each eye. The amplitude of each mfVEP response was obtained using a root mean square measure (RMS). An mfVEP ratio [10*log (RMS day 1 / RMS day 2)] provided a measure of the reproducibility of an individual response. The same calculations were performed for Run 1 compared with Run 2 within a day and Run 1 (Run 2) compared with Run 1 (Run 2) across days. ResultsFor all 1800 mfVEP responses (60 sectors × 15 subjects × 2 eyes), the correlation between the amplitude on day 2 and the amplitude on day 1 was good (r = 0.85). The mean standard deviation (SD) of the 60 mfVEP ratios for the individual subjects was 1.63 dB for the 14-minute records (the combination of the two 7-minute recordings). On average for the 7-minute records, the mean SD across days was 1.77 dB while the mean SD within a day was 1.53 dB. The correlation within a day (r = 0.87) also was slightly larger than across days (r = 0.80). The mean SD decreased as the RMS amplitude increased. The patients' mean SD was 1.75 dB with r equal to 0.82. ConclusionsThe repeat reliability of the mfVEP was good (∼1.6dB); in fact, it was better than that typically obtained with static automated perimetry (∼2.7dB). Repeat testing on separate days added surprisingly little to the variability seen with repeat testing within the same session.
Networking Quality and Trust in Professional Services

This study attempts to offer an outward-looking insight of the extent the knowledge management and value creation developed within professional organizations that is perceived to be able to influence networking behaviors and organizational performance.By using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS, and conducting survey with non-probability sampling techniques of 300 law firms in several cities in Indonesia, the study proposed the networking capability as the mediating variable of the relationship between relational capability and marketing performance.The findings showed that the firms being capable of providing specific services according to the needs of customers and building closeness through business networking are more likely to improve the marketing performance. This study offers the original application of the concept of networking capability and relational capability in professional service-based firms.
Hepatoprotective Properties of a Polyphenol-Enriched Fraction from Annona crassiflora Mart. Fruit Peel against Diabetes-Induced Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress.

A polyphenol-enriched fraction from Annona crassiflora fruit peel (Ac-Pef) containing chlorogenic acid, (epi)catechin, procyanidin B2, and caffeoyl-glucoside was investigated against hepatic oxidative and nitrosative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Serum biochemical parameters, hepatic oxidative and nitrosative status, glutathione defense system analysis, and in silico assessment of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) of the main compounds of Ac-Pef were carried out. Ac-Pef treatment during 30 days decreased serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities, as well as hepatic lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and nitration, inducible nitric oxide synthase level, and activities and expressions of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. There were increases in antioxidant capacity, glutathione reductase activity, and reduced glutathione level. ADMET predictions of Ac-Pef compounds showed favorable absorption and distribution, with no hepatotoxicity. A. crassiflora fruit peel showed hepatoprotective properties, indicating a promising natural source of bioactive molecules for prevention and therapy of diabetes complications.
Redox regulation of PI 3‐kinase signalling via inactivation of PTEN

The tumour suppressor PTEN is a PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 phosphatase that regulates many cellular processes through direct antagonism of PI 3‐kinase signalling. Here we show that oxidative stress activates PI 3‐kinase‐dependent signalling via the inactivation of PTEN. We use two assay systems to show that cellular PTEN phosphatase activity is inhibited by oxidative stress induced by 1 mM hydrogen peroxide. PTEN inactivation by oxidative stress also causes an increase in cellular PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 levels and activation of the downstream PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 target, PKB/Akt, that does not occur in cells lacking PTEN. We then show that endogenous oxidant production in RAW264.7 macrophages inactivates a fraction of the cellular PTEN, and that this is associated with an oxidant‐dependent activation of downstream signalling. These results show that oxidants, including those produced by cells, can activate downstream signalling via the inactivation of PTEN. This demonstrates a novel mechanism of regulation of the activity of this important tumour suppressor and the signalling pathways it regulates. These results may have significant implications for the many cellular processes in which PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and oxidants are produced concurrently.
Prevalence of and associations with agitation in residents with dementia living in care homes: MARQUE cross-sectional study

Background Agitation is reportedly the most common neuropsychiatric symptom in care home residents with dementia. Aims To report, in a large care home survey, prevalence and determinants of agitation in residents with dementia. Method We interviewed staff from 86 care homes between 13 January 2014 and 12 November 2015 about residents with dementia with respect to agitation (Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI)), quality of life (DEMQOL-proxy) and dementia severity (Clinical Dementia Rating). We also interviewed residents and their relatives. We used random effects models adjusted for resident age, gender, dementia severity and care home type with CMAI as a continuous score. Results Out of 3053 (86.2%) residents who had dementia, 1489 (52.7%) eligible residents participated. Fifteen per cent of residents with very mild dementia had clinically significant agitation compared with 33% with mild (odds ratios (ORs)=4.49 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.30) and 45% with moderate or severe dementia (OR=6.95 95% CI=3.63, 13.31 and OR=6.23 95% CI=3.25, 11.94, respectively). More agitation was associated with lower quality of life (regression coefficient (rc)=-0.53; 95% CI=-0.61, -0.46) but not with staffing or resident ratio (rc=0.03; 95% CI=-0.04, 0.11), level of residents' engagement in home activities (rc=3.21; 95% CI=-0.82, 7.21) or family visit numbers (rc=-0.03; 95% CI=-0.15, 0.08). It was correlated with antipsychotic use (rc=6.45; 95% CI=3.98, 8.91). Conclusions Care home residents with dementia and agitation have lower quality of life. More staffing time and activities as currently provided are not associated with lower agitation levels. New approaches to develop staff skills in understanding and responding to the underlying reasons for individual resident's agitation require development and testing.
Identification of interspecific differences in phase II reactions: Determination of metabolites in the urine of 16 mammalian species exposed to environmental pyrene

Interspecific differences in xenobiotic metabolism are a key to determining relative sensitivities of animals to xenobiotics. However, information on domesticated livestock, companion animals, and captive and free‐ranging wildlife is incomplete. The present study evaluated interspecific differences in phase II conjugation using pyrene as a nondestructive biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites have carcinogenic and endocrine‐disrupting effects in humans and wildlife and can have serious consequences. The authors collected urine from 16 mammalian species and analyzed pyrene metabolites. Interspecific differences in urinary pyrene metabolites, especially in the concentration and composition of phase II conjugated metabolites, were apparent. Glucuronide conjugates are dominant metabolites in the urine of many species, including deer, cattle, pigs, horses, and humans. However, they could not be detected in ferret urine even though the gene for ferret Uridine 5′‐diphospho‐glucuronosyltransferase (UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase, UGT) 1A6 is not a pseudogene. Sulfate conjugates were detected mainly in the urine of cats, ferrets, and rabbits. Interestingly, sulfate conjugates were detected in pig urine. Although pigs are known to have limited aryl sulfotransferase activity, the present study demonstrated that pig liver was active in 1‐hydroxypyrene sulfation. The findings have some application for biomonitoring environmental pollution. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:2062–2069. © 2014 SETAC
MANAGERIAL ABILITY, MANAGEMENT COMPENSATION, BANKRUPTCY RISK, TAX AGGRESSIVENESS

Manager with higher ability tends to have a deeper understanding of the firm’s strengths and weaknesses to take full advantage of opportunities, including an opportunity to do tax aggressiveness which is undetected by the tax authorities. In addition, the compensation received by management can also be a motivation for managers to act aggressively. Furthermore, the high risk of bankruptcy also puts pressure on managers to do cash tax saving aggresively in order to maintain the company's life. This study is aimed to examine the effect of managerial ability, management compensation and bankruptcy risk on tax aggressiveness. The sample used in this research are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the period of 2011 to 2015. Using purposive sampling, this research obtained data from 36 companies. So the total sample in this study amounts to 180 observation data. Managerial ability is measured by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Tobit regression referring to Park et al (2015). Management compensation is measured by the total compensation received by the director during the fiscal year (Armstrong, Blouin and Larcker, 2012). Then the risk variables of bankruptcy will be measured by Altman’s prediction model of bankruptcy (Altman and Hotchkiss, 1995, 2006). The result shows that managerial ability has a positive significant effect on tax aggressiveness. Meanwhile, management compensation has a significant negative effect on tax aggressiveness. Furthermore, the bankruptcy risk has a significant positive effect on tax aggressiveness
Photo Carrier Generation in Bipolar Transistors

Anomalous substrate currents have been observed in SiGe bipolar NPN-transistors, dependent on the collector bias, at high current levels. These currents appear to originate from light that is generated in the collector base junction when it is reverse biased. This light generates electron hole pairs in the n/sup +/ buried layer-substrate diode, yielding a considerable substrate current. This paper will show that these substrate currents can be used as a useful monitor for the occurrence of avalanche multiplication and high-level injection (Kirk effect) in heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs).
Anakinra and Tocilizumab Enhance Survival and Function of Human Islets during Culture: Implications for Clinical Islet Transplantation

Pretreatment culture before islet transplantation represents a window of opportunity to ameliorate the pro-inflammatory profile expressed by human β-cells in duress. Anakinra (IL-1 receptor antagonist) and tocilizumab (monoclonal IL-6 receptor antibody) are two known anti-inflammatory agents successfully used in the treatment of inflammatory states like rheumatoid arthritis. Both compounds have also been shown to reduce blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients. We therefore sought to evaluate the impact of anakinra and tocilizumab on human β-cells. The islets were precultured with or without anakinra or tocilizumab and then transplanted in a marginal mass model using human islets in immunodeficient mice. Islet viability was evaluated in an in vitro model. The pretreatment culture led to a significantly improved engraftment in treated islets compared to the vehicle. Anakinra and tocilizumab are not toxic to human islets and significantly reduce markers of inflammation and cell death. These results strongly support a pretreatment culture with anakinra and tocilizumab prior to human islet transplantation.