Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utility of Additional Tissue Sections in Surgical Pathology

Background. To avoid diagnostic errors such as missed diagnosis and errors in staging tumors due to inadequate tissue sampling, pathologists submit additional sections (AS). Objective. This study assessed frequency, diagnostic yield, distribution, and cost of AS. Method. Among 1542 AS cases, we calculated mean AS per case; fraction of AS that altered diagnosis or stage; AS variation by tissue, malignant versus benign lesions, presence or absence of neoadjuvant therapy, mass, margin, lymph nodes, or other source, resident versus pathologist assistant (PA) dissector; and AS cost per case. Results. Overall 9.2 ± 8.8 AS were collected per case. In only 3.8% (58/1542) of cases AS altered diagnosis or stage. Urinary bladder cases provoked the most AS: 19.5 ± 15.1 per case. Significantly more AS came from malignant versus benign lesions (10.8 ± 9.7 vs 7.6 ± 7.5, P = <.0001) and from specimens treated with neoadjuvant therapy versus malignant lesions not so treated (12.3 ± 9.4 vs 10.3 ± 9.8, P = .02). Lymph nodes were sampled more heavily compared with mass, margin, and other sites combined (11.8 ± 11.4 vs 8.9 ± 8.4, P = .003), but in 78.4% (1209/1542) of cases, AS were from mass. Of diagnosis or stage altering AS cases, two thirds (38/58) were from masses, one fifth (11/58) from lymph nodes, a 10th (6/58) from margins, and a 20th (3/58) from other specimen sites. Resident versus pathologist assistant dissection caused no significant AS difference. AS contributed 40% cost per case. Conclusions. AS per case ranged widely; their diagnostic yield was low; they were highest in urinary bladder specimens, in malignant and particularly neoadjuvant-treated lesions. Although lymph nodes were most heavily sampled, most AS were from masses. Resident dissection did not increase AS and cost of AS was high.
Determinants of infant and young child feeding practices in Nepal: secondary data analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2006.

BACKGROUND Childhood undernutrition and mortality are high in Nepal, and therefore interventions on infant and young child feeding practices deserve high priority. OBJECTIVE To estimate infant and young child feeding indicators and the determinants of selected feeding practices. METHODS The sample consisted of 1906 children aged O to 23 months from the Demographic and Health Survey 2006. Selected indicators were examined against a set of variables using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Breastfeeding was initiated within the first hour after birth in 35.4% of children, 99.5% were ever breastfed, 98.1% were currently breastfed, and 3.5% were bottle-fed. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding among infants under 6 months of age was 53.1%, and the rate of timely complementary feeding among those 6 to 9 months of age was 74.7%. Mothers who made antenatal clinic visits were at a higher risk for no exclusive breastfeeding than those who made no visits. Mothers who lived in the mountains were more likely to initiate breastfeeding within 1 hour after birth and to introduce complementary feeding at 6 to 9 months of age, but less likely to exclusively breastfeed. Cesarean deliveries were associated with delay in timely initiation of breastfeeding. Higher rates of complementary feeding at 6 to 9 months were also associated with mothers with better education and those above 35 years of age. Risk factors for bottle-feeding included living in urban areas and births attended by trained health personnel. CONCLUSIONS Most breastfeeding indicators in Nepal are below the expected levels to achieve a substantial reduction in child mortality. Breastfeeding promotion strategies should specifically target mothers who have more contact with the health care delivery system, while programs targeting the entire community should be continued.
Correlation of hemodynamic and functional variables with the angiographic extent of peripheral arterial occlusive disease

The aim of the study was to determine whether hemodynamic and functional variables are related to the angiographic extent of lower limb atherosclerosis. In 150 patients with stable intermittent claudication, the Bollinger angiogram score was compared with the resting Doppler pressure values, and the initial claudication distance (ICD) and absolute claudication distance (ACD) with treadmill exercise. The extent of lower limb atherosclerosis correlated significantly with the age of the patients and the duration of the claudication. The angiogram scores of the patients were negatively correlated with the ankle systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the ankle/brachial index (ABI). In a multiple regression analysis, ABI was the most predictive variable for the angiographic severity of disease. ICD, ACD and work on the treadmill failed to correlate with the angiogram summation score. If patients were classified into groups for those with iliac or femoropopliteal disease, a weak correlation between ACD and femoropopliteal angiogram score was found. The comparison between Doppler measurements and treadmill exercise testing showed no significant correlation between SBP/ABI of the more diseased limb and ICD. However, both SBP and ABI did correlate significantly with ACD (r = 0.16, p, 0.05 and r = 0.20, p, 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, SBP and ABI are reliable parameters for indirect assessment of the angiographic extent of lower limb atherosclerosis. In contrast, the walking capacity of claudicant patients is independent of the angiographic severity of the disease.
Measuring the Effects of Youth Participation in a Government-Funded, Urban After-School Employment and Training Program: A Case Study Summative Evaluation

The purpose of this study was to conduct a case study summative evaluation of a municipal agency’s employment and training program that receives federal, state, and local government funding to prepare urban youth for eventual economic self-sufficiency. This is the first summative evaluation of a local government’s after-school youth employment and training program, which was designed to address the unemployment problem in general and, specifically, the employability and soft skills gap between youth and employers. This study measured the effects of youth participation in a 6-week intervention that incorporated three distinct elements: work-based experience, job-readiness skills training, and soft skills training. To determine the effectiveness of the program, the researcher analyzed historical data from two groups, youths (n = 44) and employers (observers) (n = 20) utilizing a convergent parallel mixed-methods design. Content analysis revealed the similarities between the program’s training materials and the tools used to measure outcome data. Findings derived from the scores of the Resume Scoring Rubric, the Work Personality Profile SelfReport, and the Work Personality Profile demonstrated overall positive effects of the program on youth participants based on the perspectives of the youth and the employers. The results of this study will aid stakeholders in improving their understanding and decision making regarding future use of this particular program and for other government-funded youth employment and training programs, which are designed to increase the employability of urban youth. Document Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Education (EdD) Department Executive Leadership First Supervisor W. Jeff Wallis Second Supervisor Janice Girardi Subject Categories Education This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: https://fisherpub.sjfc. edu/education_etd/306 Measuring the Effects of Youth Participation in a Government-Funded, Urban AfterSchool Employment and Training Program: A Case Study Summative Evaluation
The role of gender in entrepreneurship education

The purpose of this case study was to understand the gendered experiences women students have while participating in a university entrepreneurship program through the lens of the theory of gendered organizations. I completed this study at a fouryear institution with an established entrepreneurship program. I conducted interviews and a focus group of women students, interviews of faculty and staff, class observations, and reviewed documents and artifacts. Through analysis of the data, three themes emerged: The Struggle is Real, which related to the unique struggles the participants had in the masculine domain of the entrepreneurship program; Super Women, describing the myriad of ways that women entrepreneurship students expressed their strength; and Relationships, acknowledging the importance of relationships for these women students. The last chapter of the study includes a description of the way that the themes represent the theory, indicating a gendered organization, as well as implications for theory, research, and practice. By implementing the suggestions derived from this study, educators can help women navigate this man-dominated environment, leading to more women entrepreneurs who can change the way things are done and create the millions of jobs needed, having significant impact on the economy and societal ills.
A Conserved Domain in the NH2 Terminus Important for Assembly and Functional Expression of Pacemaker Channels*

Pacemaker channels are formed by co-assembly of hyperpolarization-activated cyclicnucleotide-gated (HCN) subunits. Previously, we suggested that the NH2 termini of the mouse HCN2 isoform were important for subunit co-assembly and functional channel expression. Using an alignment strategy together with yeast two-hybrid assays, patch clamp electrophysiology, and confocal imaging, we have now identified a domain within the NH2 terminus of the HCN2 subunit that is responsible for interactions between NH2termini and promoting the trafficking of functional channels to the plasma membrane. This domain is composed of 52 amino acids, is located adjacent to the putative first transmembrane segment, and is highly conserved among the mammalian HCN isoforms. This conserved domain, but not the remaining unconserved NH2-terminal regions of HCN2, specifically interacted with itself in yeast two-hybrid assays. Moreover, the conserved domain was important for expression of currents. Whereas relatively normal whole cell HCN2 currents were produced by channels containing only the conserved domain, further deletion of this region, leaving only a more polar and putative coiled-coil segment, eliminated HCN2 currents and resulted in proteins that localized predominantly in perinuclear compartments. Thus, we suggest that this conserved domain is the critical NH2-terminal determinant of subunit co-assembly and trafficking of pacemaker channels.
Perspectives in antiviral chemotherapy

Summary— The current progress in antiviral therapy is related to our better understanding of the viral multiplication, with potential targets for specific antiviral action at each step of the multiplication cycle inside the infected cell. Amantadine and Rimantadine are anti‐influenza A drugs interfering with the penetration and the release of the virus. Most of the other antiviral drugs which are clinically available have the same target in common, namely the viral DNA polymerase. This holds true for modified nucleosides such as Acycloguanosine (Acyclovir), DHPG, Adenine‐Arabinoside, Azidothymidine as well as pyrophosphate derivatives such as phosphonoformic acid. Unfortunately the antiviral chemotherapy must confront 3 obstacles: 1) a possible interference with the normal cellular metabolism, leading to residual cytotoxic side effects; 2) the genetic variability of the viruses, producing drug‐resistant mutants and 3) the inability of any antiviral chemotherapeutic agent known to date to eradicate latent viral infection. A new approach of the control of latent infection is suggested with anti sense oligonucleotides or hybridons.
Non‐contrast enhanced MR angiography: Physical principles

Noncontrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (NCE‐MRA) methods have been demonstrated in anatomies throughout the body. Previously established NCE‐MRA techniques suffered from long scan times or low sensitivity. Advances in hardware and software have made NCE‐MRA scan times clinically feasible. Recent concerns over the safety of gadolinium‐based contrast material combined with the expense of the material and its administration have generated a demand for NCE‐MRA. In response, several new NCE‐MRA methods have been developed. The physical mechanisms underlying five general classes of NCE‐MRA methods (inflow effect, flow‐dependency on cardiac phase, flow‐encoding, spin labeling, and relaxation) are explained. The original techniques of time‐of‐flight (TOF) and phase contrast MRA (PC‐MRA) are briefly introduced. New developments in NCE‐MRA, including hybrid of opposite‐contrast (HOP‐MRA), four dimensional PC‐MRA (4D Flow), cardiac‐gated 3D fast‐spin‐echo, flow‐sensitive dephasing (FSD), arterial spin labeling (ASL), and balanced steady‐state free‐precession (bSSFP) are highlighted. The primary applications, advantages, and limitations of established and emerging NCE‐MRA techniques are discussed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:286–304. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Daily job crafting and the self-efficacy – performance relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether job crafting and work enjoyment could explain the well-established relationship between self-efficacy and job performance. The authors hypothesized that employees would be most likely to engage in proactive job crafting behaviors on the days when they feel most self-efficacious. Daily job crafting, in turn, was expected to relate to daily performance through daily work enjoyment. Design/methodology/approach – A daily diary study was conducted among a heterogeneous sample of employees (N=47, days=215). Participants completed the survey on five consecutive days. Findings – The results of multilevel structural equation modeling analyses were generally in line with the hypotheses. Specifically, results indicated that employees who felt more self-efficacious on a given day were more likely to mobilize their job resources on that day. Daily job crafting, in turn, was positively correlated to work enjoyment and indirectly associated with performance. Part.
Co‐operative action of interleukin‐10 and interferon‐γ to regulate dendritic cell functions

Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) double producer is found in a subpopulation of T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) and T helper type 1 (Th1) cells. Consequently, it is of interest how IL‐10 and IFN‐γ influence the immune system. However, few studies have addressed the co‐operative action of these ‘immunosuppressive’ and ‘immunostimulatory’ cytokines. Here, we examine the effect of IL‐10 combined with IFN‐γ on dendritic cell (DC) functions. Murine bone marrow‐derived conventional DCs were stimulated with IL‐10 and/or IFN‐γ for 24 hr. Tumour necrosis factor‐α and IL‐12 p40 production by DCs treated with both IL‐10 and IFN‐γ was significantly lower than that by DCs treated with IL‐10 or IFN‐γ alone. Major histocompatibility complex class II expression on DCs treated with both cytokines was attenuated compared with that on DCs treated with either cytokine alone. In contrast, levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase, which appear to suppress T‐cell responses and promote tolerance, in DCs treated with both cytokines were higher than those in DCs treated with IL‐10 or IFN‐γ alone. Simultaneous treatment with IL‐10 and IFN‐γ significantly suppressed the ability of DCs to activate CD4+ T cells compared with treatment with either cytokine. Therefore, IL‐10 and IFN‐γ co‐operatively suppress the immunostimulatory functions of DCs.
Coping with second home tourism: responses and strategies of private and public service providers in western Sweden

Second homes have increasingly gained academic attention, not least within tourism research. Nevertheless, most studies have addressed the topic from the perspective of the second home owners, highlighting issues such as motivation for second home ownership, use patterns, geographical location, and meanings of second homes. Even the impacts of second homes have mainly been addressed as the accumulated outcome of their owners’ decisions. Hence, second homes have mainly been conceptualized as personal/family projects. Relatively little research has been done on the ways local communities cope with second home tourism. This is the departure point for this paper, with the purpose of analysing coping strategies among public and private stakeholders regarding second home tourism. It is argued that communities have various ways of coping, ranging from resistance to resource utilization. The proposed conceptual framework is empirically applied to the case of the Swedish West Coast. In an interview survey of public and private service providers, different strategies are identified. The results of the survey indicate that second home owners are increasingly seized on as a resource that can be utilized for business development. Ultimately, institutional preconditions imply that second homes remain a challenge for local municipalities.
Algal biomass production and wastewater treatment in high rate algal ponds receiving disinfected effluent

Algal biomass production associated with wastewater is usually carried out in high rate algal ponds (HRAPs), which are concomitantly used in the treatment of such effluent. However, most types of wastewater have high levels of bacteria that can inhibit the growth of algal biomass by competing for space and nutrients. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of ultraviolet (UV) pre-disinfection on the performance of HRAPs used for wastewater treatment and algal biomass production. Two HRAPs were tested: one received effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor – HRAP – and the second received UASB effluent pre-disinfected by UV radiation – UVHRAP. Physical, chemical and microbiological parameters were monitored, as well as algal biomass productivity and daily pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) variation. The UVHRAP presented highest DO and pH values, as well as greater percentage of chlorophyll a in the biomass, which indicates greater algal biomass productivity. The average percentages of chlorophyll a found in the biomass obtained from the HRAP and the UVHRAP were 0.95±0.65% and 1.58±0.65%, respectively. However, total biomass productivity was greater in the HRAP (11.4 gVSS m−2 day−1) compared with the UVHRAP (9.3 gVSS m−2 day−1). Mean pH values were 7.7±0.7 in the HRAP and 8.1±1.0 in the UVHRAP, and mean values of DO percent saturation were 87±26% and 112±31% for the HRAP and the UVHRAP, respectively. Despite these differences, removal efficiencies of organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal nitrogen and soluble phosphorus were statistically equal at the 5% significance level.
Haemodynamic responses following intermittent supramaximal exercise in athletes

We aimed to investigate haemodynamics during active and passive recovery following repeated bouts of supramaximal exercise. Seven male athletes underwent two sessions of supramaximal exercise which consisted of a warm‐up and of five bouts of cycling at the maximum speed possible for 30 s against a resistance equivalent to 150% of the maximum workload achieved in a previous incremental test. Bouts were separated by 1 min of recovery and followed by 10 min of recovery which was either active (pedalling at 40 W) or passive (completely rest seated on the cycle). Haemodynamic variables were evaluated by means of impedance cardiography. Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), mean blood pressure (MBP), thoracic electrical impedance (Z0) as an inverse index of central blood volume, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were assessed. The main findings were that active recovery, with respect to passive recovery, induced higher changes from baseline in HR (+29.1 ± 4.5 versus+15.6 ± 2.9 beats min−1 at the 10th minute of recovery, P < 0.05), SV (+19.9 ± 5.6 versus–6.4 ± 3.3 ml, P < 0.01) and CO (+3.8 ± 1.2 versus+0.4 ± 0.2 l min−1, P < 0.01). Furthermore, MBP was similar between the two kinds of recovery despite an increase in Z0 during passive compared to active recovery. These results suggest that the faster haemodynamic recovery towards baseline and the decrease in cardiac preload during passive recovery may be successfully prevented by cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms which include an increase in SVR, thus avoiding a drop in blood pressure.
Quantitative Assessment of the Degree of Ductal Steal Using Celiac Artery Blood Flow to Left Ventricular Output Ratio in Preterm Infants

Background: Determining the significance of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) remains difficult in preterm neonates and current echocardiographic markers give little information about ductal steal. We hypothesized that the relationship between celiac artery flow (CAF) and left ventricular output (LVO) in the presence of a PDA may determine haemodynamic significance. Objectives: To examine CAF to LVO ratio (CAF:LVO) in the presence and the absence of a PDA in preterm neonates, and to compare CAF:LVO to current echocardiographic markers of a significant PDA. Methods: This was a prospective observational study of neonates <1,500 g. Echocardiography was performed at 12 h and day 3. PDA, LVO and CAF were measured by echocardiography. The infants were divided into those who developed a significant PDA (PDA >1.4 mm and left atrial to aortic ratio >1.5 on day 3) and controls. A further assessment was carried out following successful PDA treatment with ibuprofen or surgical ligation. Results: A total of 33 infants were enrolled. 19 infants had a PDA (median gestation 27 weeks, birth weight 915 g), and 14 controls (gestation 28.7 weeks, birth weight 1,110 g). At 12 h, there was no difference in CAF, LVO or CAF:LVO. On day 3, there was a significant difference in CAF:LVO between PDA versus control groups. CAF:LVO significantly correlated with conventional markers of ductal significance. A CAF:LVO value of 0.10 had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 78% for the presence of a significant PDA. Following successful PDA treatment CAF:LVO returned to levels similar to controls. Conclusion: CAF:LVO may be used to determine which PDA warrants treatment and serve as a marker of treatment success. Trials are needed to correlate CAF:LVO with outcome and the impact of basing PDA treatment on this ratio.
Assessment and Management of Risk for Intimate Partner Violence by Police Officers Using the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment Guide

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a crime that is present in all countries, seriously impacts victims, and demands a great deal of time and resources from the criminal justice system. The current study examined the use of the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment Guide, 2nd ed. (SARA; Kropp, Hart, Webster, & Eaves, 1995), a structured professional judgment risk assessment and management tool for IPV, by police officers in Sweden over a follow-up of 18 months. SARA risk assessments had significant predictive validity with respect to risk management recommendations made by police, as well as with recidivism as indexed by subsequent contacts with police. Risk management mediated the association between risk assessment and recidivism: High levels of intervention were associated with decreased recidivism in high risk cases, but with increased recidivism in low risk cases. The findings support the potential utility of police-based risk assessment and management of IPV, and in particular the belief that appropriately structured risk assessment and management decisions can prevent violence.