Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ring enhancing lesions on neuroimaging of childhood symptomatic epilepsy- A clinico-pathological study

Seizures are the most common pediatric neurologic disorders with 4% to 10% of children suffering at least one seizure in the first 16 years of life. More than half of CT scans are found to be abnormal in childhood symptomatic seizures. Finding out a cause and early treatment can be not only life-saving but can increase the IQ and long term survival of a child. Ring enhancing lesion is a neuroimaging finding detected in selected cases of seizures in children. It is an abnormal radiologic sign that appears as hypodense or isodense disc or target lesion with perifocal vasogenic edema. Worldwide, Neurocysticercosis prevails as the top most cause while Tuberculoma is the commonest cause in developing countries. This was a hospital based prospective study aimed to find out the clinicopathological features of seizures in 5-14 years age group showing ring enhancing lesion on neuroimaging. Out of 42 cases, majority of lesions found were tuberculoma (38%) followed by neurocysticercosis (33%) and brain abscess (20%). Nearly half of all lesions were detected in parietal lobe. Among tuberculoma cases, 13 lesions (81.2%) were found to be solitary and one was multiple (6.3%). But, out of all neurocysticercosis cases 7 (50%) were multiple and 5 (35.7%) were solitary lesions. Out of 42 cases, 24 (57.1%) got cured, 12 (28.6%) died and 6 children (14.3%) survived with sequlae after successful therapy. Distinguishing non-neoplastic causes from neoplastic ones is important because a misdiagnosis can lead to unwarranted neurosurgery and exposure to toxic chemotherapy and harmful brain irradiation.
Do You See What I See? An Assessment of Endoscopic Lesions Recognition and Description by Gastroenterology Trainees and Staff Physicians

Abstract Background Gastroenterologists should accurately describe endoscopic findings and integrate them into management plans. We aimed to determine if trainees and staff are describing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) lesions in a similar manner. Methods Using 20 ileocolonoscopy images, participants described IBD inflammatory burden based on physician severity rating, and Mayo endoscopic score (MES) (ulcerative colitis [UC]) or simple endoscopic score (SES-CD) (Crohn’s disease [CD]). Images were selected based on agreement by three IBD experts. Findings of varying severity were presented; 10 images included a question about management. We examined inter-observer agreement among trainees and staff, compared trainees to staff, and determined accuracy of response comparing both groups to IBD experts. Results One hundred and twenty-nine staff and 47 trainees participated from across Canada. There was moderate inter-rater agreement using physician severity rating (κ = 0.53 UC and 0.52 CD for staff, κ = 0.51 UC and 0.43 CD for trainees). There was moderate inter-rater agreement for MES for staff and trainees (κ = 0.49 and 0.48, respectively), but fair agreement for SES-CD (κ = 0.37 and 0.32, respectively). For accuracy of response, the mean score was 68.7% for staff and 63.7% for trainees (P = 0.028). Both groups identified healed bowel or severe disease better than mild/moderate (P < 0.05). There was high accuracy for management, but staff scored higher than trainees for UC (P < 0.01). Conclusion Inter-rater agreement on description of IBD lesions was moderate at best. Staff and trainees more accurately describe healed and severe disease, and better describe lesions in UC than CD.
Ventilator - Associated Pneumonia in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit at the Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health

Introduction: This is prospective study undertaken at the PICU of Indira Gandhi Institute of Child health to assess the risk factors causative organisms and outcome of paediatric Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP). Materials and Method: A total of 1079 patients who received Mechanical Ventilation (MV) were included in this prospective study during the period from January 2015 till September 2016. Cases were defined as VAP as per CDC guidelines. The causative organisms were isolated and identified along with their antibiogram. The clinical details and prognosis was noted of each patient until discharge or death. Results: VAP was detected in 74 patients among 1079 ventilated patients. VAP rate was 6.85 %, incidence density was 16.04. Gram negative bacteria was most frequent causative organism, Acinetobacter was the common causative 46 (62.1%); Pseudomonas aeroginousa 23(31%); Klebsiella 17 (22.97%); Enterobacter 10 (13.51%); E. coli 3(4 %) and Citrobacter in 2 (2.7%). Staphylococcus aureus and Candida were isolated in 1 sample each. Polymicrobial infection in 23 cases. Most of the isolates were multidrug resistant. The mortality rate was 28.38%. Conclusions: Identification of risk factors, causative organisms along with their antibiotic sensitivity pattern and outcome of patients with VAP in PICUs may help in reducing the incidence. This shall further help in formulating better Hospital infection control Policies and practices in the Paediatric intensive care unit. Keywords: Hospital acquired infection; Mechanical ventilation; Paediatric intensive care; Ventilator associated pneumonia
Assessment of abdominal aortic calcification by computed tomography for prediction of latent left ventricular stiffness and future cardiovascular risk in pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease: A single center cross-sectional study

Introduction: There is general interest in finding clinical markers for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), a major cause of cardiorenal syndrome leading to heart failure in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The aim was to assess the utility of computed tomography (CT)-based abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) for the prediction of LVDD and prognosis of asymptomatic pre-dialysis CKD patients. Materials and methods: We prospectively evaluated 218 pre-dialysis CKD patients [median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); 40.9 mL/min/1. 73m²]. Non-contrast CT scan and echocardiography were performed to determine the aortic calcification index (ACI) as a semi-quantitative measure of AAC. Results: The median ACI was 11.4. AAC and LVDD were diagnosed in 193 patients (89%) and 75 patients (34%), respectively. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for the estimation of LVDD, ACI of 20 showed optimal sensitivity (52.0%) and specificity (62.8 %) (AUC = 0.664, p < .001). High ACI group included more patients with LVDD-related factors, such as old age, hypertension, diabetes, and more severe CKD. LVDD was significantly more common in patients with high ACI group [39 (50%) and 36 (26%), respectively, p<0.001]. Multivariate analysis showed that ACI correlated significantly with E/A (β=-0.993, p=0.003), E/e' (β=0.077, p<0.001), and cardio-ankle vascular index (β=0.209, p=0.001). Correspondingly, E/e' correlated with logBNP and log(ACI+1), and increased proportionately and significantly with the quartiles of ACI values. Cox proportional hazard models showed that ACI was an independent predictor of CV outcome (hazard ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.06, p=0.029). Conclusion: The results would suggest the usefulness of AAC assessment by CT to predict latent LVDD and future CV risk in asymptomatic pre-dialysis CKD patients.
Toxic effects of antituberculosis drugs (isoniazid and rifampicin) on feto-placental unit of wistar rats: a morphological, histological and biochemical study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic administration of therapeutic doses of isoniazid and rifampicin individually and in combination to the foetal weight, placental weight, foetal/placental weight ratio, placental oxidative stress and placental histomorphology of Wistar rats. A total of twenty-eight adult female Wistar rats weighing between 160 g and 170 g, aged between 90 days and 110 days were used for this study. They were divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) of seven rats each. Group A served as the control group administered with only sterile water. Group B animals were administered 5 mg/kg body weight of isoniazid only. Group C animals were administered 10 mg/kg body weight of rifampicin only. Group D animals were administered 5 mg/kg body weight of isoniazid and 10 mg/kg body weight of rifampicin. Day 20 foetal body weight significantly reduced in the isoniazid-treated and rifampicin-treated groups. Day 20 placental weight was significantly increased while day 20 foetal:placental weight ratio was significantly reduced in all the experimental groups. Placental superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly reduced in all the experimental groups. Histological studies of the placenta showed varying degrees of alterations including degeneration of trophoblastic giant cells, haemorrhage in the junctional zone, dilation and congestion of maternal sinusoids and mild dilation and congestion of foetal capillaries. In conclusion, administration of isoniazid and rifampicin singly and in combination at therapeutic doses induced intrauterine growth restriction with compensatory placental hypertrophy and associated oxidative stress and alterations in the histomorphology of the placental tissues.
On Message Fragmentation, Coding and Social Networking in Intermittently Connected Networks

An intermittently connected network (ICN) is defined as a mobile network that uses cooperation between nodes to facilitate communication. This cooperation consists of nodes carrying messages from other nodes to help deliver them to their destinations. An ICN does not require an infrastructure and routing information is not retained by the nodes. While this may be a useful environment for message dissemination, it creates routing challenges. In particular, providing satisfactory delivery performance while keeping the overhead low is difficult with no network infrastructure or routing information. This dissertation explores solutions that lead to a high delivery probability while maintaining a low overhead ratio. The efficiency of message fragmentation in ICNs is first examined. Next, the performance of the routing is investigated when erasure coding and network coding are employed in ICNs. Finally, the use of social networking in ICNs to achieve high routing performance is considered. The aim of this work is to improve the better delivery probability while maintaining a low overhead ratio. Message fragmentation is shown to improve the CDF of the message delivery probability compared to existing methods. The use of erasure coding in an ICN further improve this CDF. Finally, the use of network coding was examined. The advantage of network coding over message replication is quantified
Analysis of microarray data for identification of key microRNA signatures in glioblastoma multiforme

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most malignant types of glioma known for its reduced survival rate and rapid relapse. Previous studies have shown that the expression patterns of different microRNAs (miRNA/miR) play a crucial role in the development and progression of GBM. In order to identify potential miRNA signatures of GBM for prognostic and therapeutic purposes, we downloaded and analyzed two expression data sets from Gene Expression Omnibus profiling miRNA patterns of GBM compared with normal brain tissues. Validated targets of the deregulated miRNAs were identified using MirTarBase, and were mapped to Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases in order to construct interaction networks and identify enriched pathways of target genes. A total of 6 miRNAs were found to be deregulated in both expression datasets studied. Pathway analysis demonstrated that most of the target genes were enriched in signaling cascades connected to cancer development, such as ‘Pathways in cancer’, ‘Focal adhesion’ and ‘PI3K-Akt signaling pathway’. Of the five target genes that were enriched in the glioblastoma pathway, in the WikiPathway database, both HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase and MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase target genes of hsa-miR-139-5p, were found to be significantly associated with patient survival. The present study may thus form the basis for further exploration of hsa-miR-139-5p, not only as a therapeutic agent, but also as a diagnostic biomarker for GBM as well as a predictive marker for patient survival.
PENGGUNAAN SOFTWARE MATRIX LABORATORY (MATLAB) DALAM PEMBELAJARAN ALJABAR LINIER

Perkembangan dan kehadiran teknologi komputer telah memberikan kemudahan berbagai pihak untuk meng- gunakannya dalam bidang kehidupan, termasuk pendi- dikan, sebagai sarana penunjang pendidikan. Komputer semakin memberikan manfaat yang besar di dunia pen- didikan, khususnya dalam proses pembelajaran. Terdapat ratusan bahkan ribuan program aplikasi komputer atau perangkat lunak yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pembe- lajaran matematika, khususnya Aljabar Linier. Salah satu perangkat lunak bantu yang dapat digunakan dalam pem- belajaran Aljabar linier yaitu Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) . Program ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan kecepatan, dan keakuratan dalam berbagai perhitungan dalam pembelajaran aljabar linier sehingga waktu yang di- perlukan untuk mengerjakan lebih esien dan hasil yang diperoleh lebih akurat dibandingkan dengan perhitungan yang dilakukan secara manual, selain itu juga dapat mem- visualisasikan grak dalam bentuk 2 dimensi maupun 3 dimensi, misalnya dalam penyelesaian Sistem Persamaan Linier sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pemaha- man terhadap materi yang diberikan.
Process and Content of DSM-5

The third edition of the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders was a highly successful revision in large part because it was tremendously innovative. The authors of the fifth edition intended their version to provide another paradigm shift. However, the process of its construction was riddled with problems and controversies. Discussed herein is the presence of the internet, confidentiality contracts, no gold standard, and the inadequate documentation of empirical support. Also discussed was the failed attempt to provide a paradigm shift. Recommendations for the construction of future editions of the diagnostic manual are provided.
Presence and influence of trauma in inpatient psychiatric care

Background: Previous research indicates traumatic exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occur at a higher rate in people with severe mental illness (SMI) than in the general population, and co-occurring PTSD symptoms can worsen outcomes for patients with SMI.Objective: This study assessed the presence and influence of PTSD symptoms in individuals with SMI in an inpatient psychiatric setting, and rates of PTSD diagnoses in this population.Methods: Retrospective analysis of demographic information and behavioral health outcomes, using a representative sample of adult and geriatric inpatient psychiatric patients (N = 4,126). Results: This study found elevated PTSD symptoms in over 65% of patients, and significant positive correlations between PTSD symptomatology and behavioral and emotional dysfunction. This study also explored differences in patients with PTSD symptoms who did and did not receive a PTSD diagnosis, finding associations for admission severity, race, and gender.Conclusions: Traumatization and PTSD symptoms were prevalent in psychiatric inpatient settings, and had an impact on behavioral health outcomes. Recommendations include the use of PTSD screening in behavioral healthcare admission processes, and the furtherance of trauma-informed care for inpatient psychiatric patients with SMI, due to the volume of traumatization and PTSD symptoms in the population.
Physiology of sweat gland function: The roles of sweating and sweat composition in human health

ABSTRACT The purpose of this comprehensive review is to: 1) review the physiology of sweat gland function and mechanisms determining the amount and composition of sweat excreted onto the skin surface; 2) provide an overview of the well-established thermoregulatory functions and adaptive responses of the sweat gland; and 3) discuss the state of evidence for potential non-thermoregulatory roles of sweat in the maintenance and/or perturbation of human health. The role of sweating to eliminate waste products and toxicants seems to be minor compared with other avenues of excretion via the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract; as eccrine glands do not adapt to increase excretion rates either via concentrating sweat or increasing overall sweating rate. Studies suggesting a larger role of sweat glands in clearing waste products or toxicants from the body may be an artifact of methodological issues rather than evidence for selective transport. Furthermore, unlike the renal system, it seems that sweat glands do not conserve water loss or concentrate sweat fluid through vasopressin-mediated water reabsorption. Individuals with high NaCl concentrations in sweat (e.g. cystic fibrosis) have an increased risk of NaCl imbalances during prolonged periods of heavy sweating; however, sweat-induced deficiencies appear to be of minimal risk for trace minerals and vitamins. Additional research is needed to elucidate the potential role of eccrine sweating in skin hydration and microbial defense. Finally, the utility of sweat composition as a biomarker for human physiology is currently limited; as more research is needed to determine potential relations between sweat and blood solute concentrations.
Response of patients with chronic Hepatitis B in one year of treatment with Major Autohemotherapy.

The Hepatitis B (HVB) is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world, it’s wide geographical distribution is a health problem, especially on the African continent, with prevalence rate of 6.1% in the adult population. Current treatment requires prolonged therapy (most cases for the rest of life) with the aim of stopping viral replication, maintaining immunological stability, preventing progression of liver disease and the most feared complications such as cirrhosis and hepatic cancer There are multiple references that point to ozone therapy as an alternative in the treatment of Hepatitis B, because of the known and demonstrated antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. With these premises, we performed the present clinical study that included 28 patients with positive diagnosis of chronic Hepatitis B, surface antigen (HVBs Ag) positive, antibodies against surface antigen (HVBs) negative, viral load (HVB DNA ) and transaminaseselevated. These patients with 1 year of evolution and antiviral treatment were treated with Major Autohemotherapy with protocol of 15 sessions and maintenance every 15 days to 50 mcg of concentration, initial dose of 4,000 mcg / ml up to 12,000 mcg /ml We indicate Ag HVBs, Ac HVBs, HVB Viral Loading and transaminases before starting treatment at 15 days of completion and quarterly until the year. The results showed negativization of the surface antigen, antibody positivity against the surface antigen, significant decrease of viral load to undetectable values and normal values of the transaminases demonstrating the functional recovery of the disease associated with favorable immunological response providing a better quality of patients' lives. Key words: Hepatitis B, Transaminases, Ozone therapy, Major Autohemotherapy, Surface antigen, Surface Antigen Antibody.
Hybrid coronary revascularization versus off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of two-vessel coronary artery disease with proximal left anterior descending artery stenosis.

Background This study sought to compare clinical outcomes of hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the treatment of two-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) including proximal LAD stenosis. Methods From January 2009 to December 2016, 52 patients of two-vessel CAD including proximal LAD stenosis underwent HCR at Rui Jin Hospital. Using propensity score methodology, these patients were matched with those in the OPCAB and PCI cohorts. The primary endpoint during follow-up was main adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Results The intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) and the hospital LOS were shorter in the HCR group than in the OPCAB group (ICU LOS: P<0.001; hospital LOS: P=0.027). The mean follow-up time was 59 months (interquartile range, 42 to 79 months). The 8-year freedom from MACCE of the HCR group was higher than that of the PCI group (P=0.008), but similar to that of the OPCAB group (P=0.893). Conclusions HCR provides favorable outcomes for selected patients with two-vessel CAD including proximal LAD stenosis.
A Multi Marker Evaluation of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an inflammatory joint disease, is also associated with systemic effects. Patients with RA have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality that is mainly attributable to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both traditional and novel risk factors are implicated in causing the increased CVD risk in RA patients. Materials and Method: Forty six RA patients, diagnosed with RA as per 1987 revised ARA criteria and forty six age and sex matched healthy controls were studied. Fasting lipid profile (Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol), inflammatory markers (high sensitivity C reactive protein [hsCRP] and fibrinogen), oxidant and antioxidant markers (malondialdehyde [MDA] and ferric reducing ability of plasma [FRAP]), uric acid, homocysteine and Nitric oxide (NO) were measured in all subjects. Results: Among the traditional lipid parameters studied, triglycerides were increased in RA patients compared to controls (p=0.023). Both hsCRP (p
Context-sensitive Help in CALL

This article discusses design and usability issues pertaining to context-sensitive help in computer-assisted language learning (CALL). As part of the discussion, we present a study in which we examined the effects of three independent factors on student usage of context-sensitive help: feedback, exercise type, and language proficiency. Forty study participants used an online parser-based CALL system for German which, for the purpose of the study, provided two distinct styles of feedback to four different exercise types ranging from translations to dictations. Moreover, the study considered three levels of language proficiency. In all cases, the CALL program displayed a link to context-sensitive grammar help specifically geared to the task and error at hand. Study results indicate that learner access of context-sensitive help differs significantly with respect to feedback, exercise type, and language proficiency. The article concludes with a number of recommendations for implementing context-sensitive help in CALL.
Acceptance of disease and coping with pain as essentials components of quality with life in patients with migraine. Preliminary study

Introduction. Migraine is disease characterized by headache attacks, nausea, vomits, vertigo, sensitivity to sound, light and smell. During migraine attack patients are not active in daily life. Aim. Assessment of disease acceptance and significant factors affected on social life in patients with diagnosed migraine. Assessment of more common coping strategies with pain by patients. Material and methods. In the study we used diagnostic survey. Authors questionnaire included Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS) and A