Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determining the Number of Hidden Neurons in a Multi Layer Feed Forward Neural Network

A neural network intrusion detection system (IDS) can be effective against network attacks. However, their effectiveness can be reduced by changes in the neural network architecture. One problem is determining the number of hidden layer neurons. This can lead to reduced detection and high failure rates. This paper describes the affects of architecture on the performance of IDSs while finding a means to choose the proper architecture and number of hidden neurons. This method reduces the need for trial and error in determining the number of hidden layer neurons in a multi layer feed forward neural network IDS.
Ganglion Layer Topography and Retin~l Resolution of the Caribbean Manatee Trichechus manatus tatirostris

Only'a few reports on the manatee retina have been published. Piggins et al. [1] showed that the retina of the Amazon manatee T. inunguis is adapted to night vision. It contains almost no retina cones and very few ganglion cells [1]. According to the only comprehensive study [4], the retina of the Caribbean manatee has a completely laminar structure and contains both rodlike and conelike photoreceptors. However, the visual acuity of manatees has not yet been assessed quantitatively. To solve this problem, we used a method based on the examination of the ganglion cell distribution in retinal wholemounts. This method allows the areas of the maximum cell density to be detected, and the retinal resolution to be calculated. The retinal resolution of some terrestrial [5] and aquatic [6-9] mannnals has been determined with this methOd.
Image quality and patient acceptance of four regimens with different amounts of mild laxatives for CT colonography.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to prospectively evaluate image quality and patient acceptance of CT colonography (CTC) with fecal tagging using different levels of catharsis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty consecutive increased-risk patients were randomized. Group 1 received orally 20 mg of bisacodyl, group 2 received 30 mg of bisacodyl, group 3 received 20 mg of bisacodyl and 8.2 g of magnesium citrate, and group 4 received 30 mg of bisacodyl and 16.4 g of magnesium citrate. All patients used a 2-day low-fiber diet and received diatrizoate meglumine and barium for fecal tagging. One reviewer blindly scored subjective image quality (fecal tagging, amount of residual feces [liquid or solid], luminal distention, and image readability) on a 5- to 6-point scale using a 2D review technique. The mean and SD of attenuation of tagging were measured as well as the relative SD as a measure of homogeneity. Furthermore, patient acceptance (burden related to diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence, and overall burden) was evaluated. Ordinal regression, generalized estimating equations, and parametric and nonparametric tests were used for analysis. RESULTS Image readability was evaluated as good or excellent in all examinations except one in group 2 (nondiagnostic) and two in group 3 (moderate). Group 2 contained more feces than group 4 (p = 0.04). With regard to mean attenuation and homogeneity of tagging, no significant differences were observed between groups. Group 4 experienced more severe diarrhea than groups 1 and 2 and higher overall burden than groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.042). CONCLUSION The mildest preparation with 20 mg of bisacodyl provided good image quality of CTC images. Increasing the amount of laxatives did not improve image quality or tagging characteristics but was associated with a lower patient acceptance.
Improving Postsecondary Outcomes For Ged Recipients: A Comparative Case Study Of Adult Education Programs.

Started in 1942, the GED test provides people a high school equivalency diploma to gain new career and educational goals. While many GED recipients state they wish to earn a college credential, few earn one, often dropping out before their second semester of college. To increase the number of GED recipients and their career and college opportunities, career bridge programs have been introduced to several adult education programs across the United States. This case study compares one example of these new bridge programs to a traditional adult education program to identify ways adult education programs can not only prepare students to pass the GED test, but also provide them with the skills needed to be successful at the postsecondary level. Results of the case study provided a comprehensive review of the programs’ policies and procedures, approaches to instruction, and students’ individual experiences partaking in one of the two programs and how they felt the programs prepared them for college success. Findings highlight the differences and similarities between the programs, GED recipients’ need for support services, and the skills adult education programs should include to increase GED recipients’ chances of obtaining a postsecondary credential. Finally, suggestions are offered based on the findings for adult education programs to implement to increase their students’ chances of college persistence and success.
Novel clinical learning from a student‐led clinic

Student‐led clinics have the potential to meet community rehabilitation needs and provide valuable clinical placement experiences. Student‐led clinical learning may offer pedagogical advantages similar to problem‐based learning; however, this line of research is new and little is known about student‐led clinical learning. The purpose of this study was to describe the novel learning experiences of a clinical placement in a student‐led clinic from student perspectives.
Saturation Effects on Unbalanced Magnetic Pull in a Hydroelectric Generator With an Eccentric Rotor

We report an investigation of saturation effects on the unbalanced magnetic pull in a hydroelectric generator with 20% static eccentricity. We determine the magnetic pull force by the finite-element method in parallel with a simple analytical model for various no-load voltages and loads. Saturation significantly affects the magnitude of the unbalanced magnetic pull for high voltages and large loads.
Early Surgical Intervention and Functional Outcome in Acetabulum Fracture

Aim of the study: To analyse the relationship between early surgical intervention and post-operative functional outcomes in acetabular fracture incidences. Time to surgery is a predictor of radiological and functional outcome for both simple and complex patterns of fracture. Methods: This is a cross sectional study done in a tertiary hospital for patient who have sustained acetabular fractures between January 2011 and December 2013 and had undergone surgical intervention, with a minimum follow-up duration of 1 year. Results: This study involved 47 cases where the mean age was 35.6 years old. For simple fractures, an increase in the time to surgery of one day reduced on average, the Harris Hip Score by 1.5 points. Whilst for complex fractures, reduction in the Harris Hip Score averaged 1.87 points daily. When time was measured as a categorical variable, an anatomical reduction was more likely if surgery was performed within 15 days (simple) and 5 days (complex). An excellent/good functional outcome was more likely when surgery was performed within 8 days for both simple and complex fracture patterns. Conclusions: The time to surgery is a significant predictor of radiological, functional outcome and post operative stay for both simple and complex displaced fractures of the acetabulum. The organisation of regional trauma services must be capable of satisfying these time-dependent requirements to achieve optimal patient outcomes.
The kappa-opiate agonist U50488H decreases the entry of 45Ca into rat cortical synaptosomes by inhibiting N- but not L-type calcium channels.

The selective kappa-opiate agonist U50488H (1-100 microM) significantly reduced the uptake of 45Ca into cortical synaptosomes from the brain of the rat, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In physiological medium, the maximum inhibition occurred after 2 min; this was approximately 55% (at 100 microM) and the IC50 was 80 nM. Nifedipine (1 microM) had no significant effect on the influx of Ca2+ in physiological medium (containing 5 mM K+), though, in fact, there was an approximately 20% decrease in the presence of 100 microM of drug. Nifedipine, however, did cause a significant blockade of the entry of 45Ca in medium containing 10 or 15 mM K+, demonstrating that L-type channels on synaptosomes were operational under depolarising conditions. Under these depolarising conditions, there was an additive inhibitory effect on entry of 45Ca into synaptosomes when U50488H (1 microM) and nifedipine (1 microM) were incubated together. Treatment of synaptosomes with omega-conotoxin (omega-CgTx, 0.5 microM) resulted in a 35% reduction in the uptake of 45Ca. omega-Conotoxin (0.5 microM) or naloxone (20 microM) abolished the inhibitory effect of U50488H on the uptake of 45Ca, but naloxone did not alter the blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels, caused by nifedipine. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that under depolarising conditions, there are functional L-type calcium channels on nerve endings in the CNS. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The modulation of caveolin‐1 expression controls satellite cell activation during muscle repair

We have previously shown that caveolin‐1, the principal structural protein component of caveolar membrane domains, inhibits cellular proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. We demonstrate here for the first time that caveolin‐1 is expressed in satellite cells but not in mature muscle fibers. Satellite cells are quiescent myogenic precursors that, after muscle injury, become mitotically active, proliferate, and fuse together or, to existing myofibers, to form new muscle fibers. We show that down‐regulation of caveolin‐1 expression occurs in satellite cells/myogenic precursor cells (MPCs) during muscle regeneration and that hepatocyte growth factor, which is produced after muscle injury, down‐regulates caveolin‐1. We also demonstrate that down‐regulation of endogenous caveolin‐1 expression activates ERK and that activation of the p42/44 MAP kinase pathway is necessary to promote muscle regeneration. Finally, we show that overexpression of caveolin‐1 inhibits muscle repair mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results propose caveolin‐1 as a novel regulator of satellite cell functions and suggest that the following signaling pathway modulates satellite cell activation during muscle repair: injured fibers release HGF → HGF down‐regulates caveolin‐1 protein expression down‐regulation of caveolin‐1 activates ERK → activation of ERK promotes muscle repair by stimulating the proliferation and migration of MPCs toward the wounded area.
Cervical synovial sarcoma at the bifurcation of the carotid artery

Cervical synovial sarcoma has been reported in only 15 cases; in none of these was there any association with a vascular structure. A patient with cervical synovial sarcoma encompassing the bifurcation of the left carotid artery underwent a left radical neck dissection, including excision of the left external carotid artery and the hypoglossal nerve. The tumor was dissected away from the common carotid and internal carotid arteries. Although the fibrous pseudo‐capsule of the tumor was focally infiltrated by malignant cells it appeared that the tumor had not involved the fibrous adventitia of the carotid arteries. Radiation therapy with 6000 rads tumor dose was administered to a wide local field. There is no evidence of recurrence 1 year postoperatively. Histologic and ultrastructural findings were similar to those reported previously in a case of synovial sarcoma of an extremity.
Influence of the gastrocnemius muscle on the sit-and-reach test assessed by angular kinematic analysis.

BACKGROUND The sit-and-reach test (SRT) used to measure low back and hamstring flexibility is more adequate when combined with hip joint angle (HJA) measurement. It is supposed that shortening of the gastrocnemius muscle could affect the SRT results. OBJECTIVES The purposes of the study were to investigate the relationship between the HJA and SRT and to verify the influence of the gastrocnemius. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study on healthy subjects. Two hundred subjects took part in the study: 100 males and 100 females aged 21.2 years (SD=1.7). The materials used were a sit-and-reach box with an adapted door to evaluate the influence of the gastrocnemius and a digital camera. Skin markers were positioned on the anterior superior iliac spine and greater trochanter. Two pictures were taken in the final position of the test, one with the door closed (with ankle dorsiflexed - DF) and the other with the door opened (with ankle plantarflexed - PF). RESULTS Moderate correlation was found between the HJA and SRT for DF and PF (r=0.48 e 0.44). The HJA with DF and PF were 95.5 masculine+/-18.6 masculine and 99.7 masculine+/-18 masculine (P<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Angular kinematic analysis is a reliable technique to measure the HJA. The results demonstrated the influence of the gastrocnemius; thus we suggest that the SRT be performed with free ankle joint mobility.
Injuries to runners: A study of entrants to a 10,000 meter race

As the number of runners has increased dramatically, so has the incidence of running-related injuries. In order to determine what training factors are associated with running-related injuries, as well as what percentage of injured runners seeks professional medical attention, a random sample of entrants to a 10 kilometer race was asked to complete a questionnaire. There were 451 respondents, 355 men and 96 women, with a nonre sponse rate of 12.7%. Nonrespondents did not differ from respondents with regard to age or sex. Forty- seven percent of respondents indicated that they had sustained a running-related injury in the last 2 years. Injured runners differed significantly from noninjured runners in that they were more likely to have (1) run more miles per week, (2) run more days per week, (3) run a faster pace, (4) run more races in the last year, (5) stretched before running, and (6) not participated regularly in other sports. Associated with injury, but not statistically significant, were those who had run mara thons and had done muscle-strengthening exercises. No association was found with regard to the length of time running, running surfaces, part of the foot first contacting the ground, or running intervals, sprints, or hills. Seventy percent of those injured sought profes sional medical care, with 76% of these having a good or excellent recovery from their injuries. Compliance with medical advice correlated well with treatment suc cess.
Propofol Induction for Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion: Dose Requirement and Cardiorespiratory Effects

The dosage, haemodynamic and respiratory effects of propofol for laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion were investigated. Fifty patients (ASA I-II) were randomly assigned one of four induction doses of propofol (1.5–2.5 mg/kg) delivered over 30 seconds and the first attempt at LMA insertion was made at 90 seconds. The LMA was inserted at 90 seconds in 35 patients and by 300 seconds in 13 others (mean plasma concentration at 90 seconds was 7.7 mcg/ml (no delay) versus 5.2 mcg/ml (insertion delayed), P < 0.01). Insertion was less successful after 1.5 mcg/kg (failed at 90 seconds in 6 of 12 patients), but did not vary with the other doses. Additional propofol (0.5 mg/kg/30s) was required in 22 patients for LMA insertion or to prevent movement, resulting in propofol concentrations at 120–180 seconds above 7 mcg/ml. Respiratory effects were minor, but MAP decreased by 18±1.4 mmHg at 90 seconds. Cardiovascular effects did not differ significantly between dosage groups or with the use of additional propofol.
Comparison of the Impact of Wireless Versus Catheter-based pH-metry on Daily Activities and Study-related Symptoms

Aims To evaluate the variation in tolerance to wireless pH-metry compared with catheter-based pH-metry, and to determine clinical characteristics that might predict reduced tolerance to wireless pH-metry. Methods Consecutive outpatients (n=341) completing wireless (n=234) or catheter-based pH-metry (n=106) were evaluated. All patients completed the pH-Metry Impact Scale and the pH-Metry Symptoms Scale to assess the impact of the pH-metry on activities of daily living and pH-metry associated changes in study-related symptoms. All data are presented as mean (SD) or odds ratios (95% confidence interval). Results The impact of pH-metry on activities of daily living were modest, but wireless pH-metry had less impact than catheter-based pH-metry (P=0.01). A sense of foreign body in the chest, chest discomfort, and chest pain were reported more frequently during wireless pH-metry. Difficulty swallowing and painful swallowing were more common during catheter-based pH-metry. Noncardiac chest pain was associated with increased symptom severity. Patients with poor tolerance were twice as likely to have a diagnosis of noncardiac chest pain (odds ratio=2. 53; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.6). Conclusions Wireless pH-metry has less of an impact on activities of daily living but is not associated with fewer study-related symptoms compared with catheter-based pH-metry. The prevalence of specific study-related symptoms does differ between the 2 groups and noncardiac chest pain seems to be the primary risk factor for more severe study-related symptoms and reduced tolerance for wireless pH-metry. This information may be useful in helping to decide which patients should undergo the wireless pH-metry or receive additional counseling on procedural expectations.
[Association of calcium-sensing receptor gene polymorphism with serum calcium level in healthy young Han women in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene polymorphisms in healthy young women of Han nationality in Beijing area and to explore the association of CASR genotypes and serum calcium, parathormone (PTH) level in healthy women. METHODS 202 healthy young women aged (27 +/- 5) years of Han nationality in Beijing area were recruited in this study. Whole blood genome DNA was extracted with QIAGEN DNA extraction kit. A986S and G990R genotypes were determined with mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), respectively. Serum calcium, albumin, phosphorus, PTH were determined. RESULTS (1) There were A986S and G990R polymorphisms in healthy young women of Han nationality in Beijing. The frequencies of genotypes were as follows: SS absent, AA 95.0% and AS 5.0% for A986S, RR21.3%, GR51.0% and GG27.7% for G990R. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evident. (2) In subjects carrying AA and AS genotype, serum Ca was (2.46 +/- 0.09) mmol/L vs (2.45 +/- 0.08) mmol/L, calcium adjusted by albumin was (2.31 +/- 0.10) mmol/L vs (2.30 +/- 0.09) mmol/L, serum P was (1.23 +/- 0.14) mmol/L vs (1.24 +/- 0.11) mmol/L, serum PTH was (41.6 +/- 18.6) ng/L vs (50.0 +/- 25.1) ng/L. There were no significant differences among them. (3) In subjects carrying GG, GR and RR genotype, serum Ca was (2.44 +/- 0.10), (2.46 +/- 0.08) and (2.48 +/- 0.08) mmol/L; calcium adjusted by albumin was (2.30 +/- 0.10), (2.32 +/- 0.09) and (2.32 +/- 0.10) mmol/L; serum P was (1.22 +/- 0.13), (1.24 +/- 0.15) and (1.20 +/- 0.15) mmol/L, serum PTH was (37.6 +/- 16.0), (42.1 +/- 20.2) and (45.9 +/- 18.1) ng/L. There were significant difference in serum Ca, calcium adjusted by albumin and PTH (P = 0.042, 0.020 and 0.014, respectively). CONCLUSIONS (1) There are A986S and G990R polymorphisms in CASR gene in Han nationality in Beijing area. The frequencies of genotypes are as follows: SS absent, AA 95.0% and AS 5.0% for A986S, RR21.3%, GR51.0% and GG27.7% for G990R. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is evident. A and G alleles are more common. It is indicated that the distribution of CASR gene polymorphisms in Chinese is different from that in Caucasians. (2) G990R polymorphism is associated with serum calcium and PTH levels in healthy women. Subjects with R allele have higher levels of serum calcium and PTH. There is no correlation between A986S polymorphism and serum calcium or PTH.
The relationship between varicocele and mean platelet volume levels is still not clear

Giris: Bu calismada varikosel ile ortalama platelet hacmi arasindaki iliskiyi arastirmayi amacladik. Gerec ve Yontem: Uroloji poliklinigine kontrol amaciyla basvuran hastalar calismaya dahil edildi. Butun hastalarin fizik muayeneleri ayni uroloji uzmani tarafindan yapildi. Periferik venoz kan ornekleri ac karnina saat 8:30 ile 12:00 arasinda alindi. Tam Kan analizi kan alindiktan 2 saat icinde Mindray BC 5500 Auto Hematology Analyzer( (Mind-ray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China) cihazi ile yapildi. Hastalar iki gruba ayrildi. Grup 1: Grade III varikosel grubu; Grup 2: Kontrol grubu. Hastalarin yaslari, RBC, Hb, MCV ,WBC, PLT, MPV degerleri kaydedildi. Istatistiksel analiz SPSS for windows ver. 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) kullanilarak yapildi. Istatistiksel anlamlilik p < 0.05 olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: Ekim 2014 ile Mart 2015 tarihleri arasinda 309 hasta calismaya dahil edildi. Ortalama yas 22.94±1.71, ortalama RBC 5.29±0.43, ortalama Hb 16.21±1.03, ortalama MCV 91.01±5.96, ortalama WBC 6.97±1.76, ortalama PLT 248.01±56.76, ortalama MPV 10.89±6.40 idi. 144 hastada grade III varikosel ve 165 hastada normal fizik muayene bulgulari mevcuttu. Her iki grubun yaslari benzerdi. RBC, Hb, MCV, WBC degerleri her iki grup arasinda farkli degildi. Platelet degerleri varikosel grubunda anlamli sekilde dusuktu. MPV degerleri varikosel grubunda yuksekti, fakat bu istatistiksel olarak anlamli degildi. Sonuc: Ortalama platelet hacmi varikosel grubunda yuksek olmasina ragmen istatistiksel olarak anlamli degildi. Buna bagli olarak ortalama platelet hacmi varikoselin patofizyolojisi ile ilgili olmayabilir.
Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds of Bacterial Origin in Chronic Gastrointestinal Diseases

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the headspace of feces could be used to diagnose or distinguish between chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and apparently healthy volunteers. Methods: A total of 87 people were recruited, divided between 4 categories: healthy volunteers (n = 19), Crohn’s disease (n = 22), ulcerative colitis (n = 20), and irritable bowel syndrome (n = 26). They each supplied fecal samples before, and except for the healthy volunteers, after treatment. Fecal samples were incubated in a sample bag with added purified air at 40°C and headspace samples were taken and concentrated on thermal sorption tubes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry then desorbed and analyzed these. The concentrations of a selection of high-abundance compounds were determined and assessed for differences in concentration between the groups. Results: Crohn's disease samples showed significant elevations in the concentrations of ester and alcohol derivates of short-chain fatty acids and indole compared with the other groups; indole and phenol were elevated in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome but not at a statistically significant level. After treatment, the levels of many of the VOCs were significantly reduced and were more similar to those concentrations in healthy controls. Conclusions: The abundance of a number of VOCs in feces differs markedly between Crohn's disease and other gastrointestinal conditions. Following treatment, the VOC profile is altered to more closely resemble that of healthy volunteers.