Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Baroreflex Impairment After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Is Associated With Unfavorable Outcome

Background and Purpose— Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is characterized by important changes in the autonomic nervous system with potentially adverse consequences. The baroreflex has a key role in regulating the autonomic nervous system. Its role in SAH outcome is not known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the baroreflex and the functional 3-month outcome in SAH. Methods— The study used a prospective database of 101 patients hospitalized for SAH. We excluded patients receiving &bgr;-blockers or noradrenaline. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was measured using the cross-correlation method. A good outcome was defined by a Glasgow Outcome Scale score at 4 or 5 at 3 months. Results— Forty-eight patients were included. Median age was 58 years old (36–76 years); women/men: 34/14. The World Federation of Neurosurgery clinical severity score on admission was 1 or 2 for 73% of patients. In the univariate analysis, BRS (P=0.007), sedation (P=0.001), World Federation of Neurosurgery score (P=0.001), Glasgow score (P=0.002), Fisher score (P=0.022), and heart rate (P=0.037) were associated with outcome. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the model with BRS as a single predictor was estimated at 0.835. For each unit increase in BRS, the odds for a good outcome were predicted to increase by 31%. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for heart rate alone was 0.670. In the multivariate analysis, BRS (odds ratio, 1.312; 95% confidence interval, 1.048–1.818; P=0.018) and World Federation of Neurosurgery (odds ratio, 0.382; 95% confidence interval, 0.171–0.706; P=0.001) were significantly associated with outcome. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was estimated at 0.900. Conclusions— In SAH, early BRS was associated with 3-month outcome. This conclusion requires confirmation on a larger number of patients in a multicentre study.
How Much Are You Willing to Share? A "Poker-Styled" Selective Privacy Preserving Framework for Recommender Systems

Most industrial recommender systems rely on the popular collaborative filtering (CF) technique for providing personalized recommendations to its users. However, the very nature of CF is adversarial to the idea of user privacy, because users need to share their preferences with others in order to be grouped with like-minded people and receive accurate recommendations. While previous privacy preserving approaches have been successful inasmuch as they concealed user preference information to some extent from a centralized recommender system, they have also, nevertheless, incurred significant trade-offs in terms of privacy, scalability, and accuracy. They are also vulnerable to privacy breaches by malicious actors. In light of these observations, we propose a novel selective privacy preserving (SP2) paradigm that allows users to custom define the scope and extent of their individual privacies, by marking their personal ratings as either public (which can be shared) or private (which are never shared and stored only on the user device). Our SP2 framework works in two steps: (i) First, it builds an initial recommendation model based on the sum of all public ratings that have been shared by users and (ii) then, this public model is fine-tuned on each user's device based on the user private ratings, thus eventually learning a more accurate model. Furthermore, in this work, we introduce three different algorithms for implementing an end-to-end SP2 framework that can scale effectively from thousands to hundreds of millions of items. Our user survey shows that an overwhelming fraction of users are likely to rate much more items to improve the overall recommendations when they can control what ratings will be publicly shared with others.
SPSIM: A Superpixel-Based Similarity Index for Full-Reference Image Quality Assessment

Full-reference image quality assessment algorithms usually perform comparisons of features extracted from square patches. These patches do not have any visual meanings. On the contrary, a superpixel is a set of image pixels that share similar visual characteristics and is thus perceptually meaningful. Features from superpixels may improve the performance of image quality assessment. Inspired by this, we propose a new superpixel-based similarity index by extracting perceptually meaningful features and revising similarity measures. The proposed method evaluates image quality on the basis of three measurements, namely, superpixel luminance similarity, superpixel chrominance similarity, and pixel gradient similarity. The first two measurements assess the overall visual impression on local images. The third measurement quantifies structural variations. The impact of superpixel-based regional gradient consistency on image quality is also analyzed. Distorted images showing high regional gradient consistency with the corresponding reference images are visually appreciated. Therefore, the three measurements are further revised by incorporating the regional gradient consistency into their computations. A weighting function that indicates superpixel-based texture complexity is utilized in the pooling stage to obtain the final quality score. Experiments on several benchmark databases demonstrate that the proposed method is competitive with the state-of-the-art metrics.
The Relationship between Air Pollution and Depression in China: Is Neighbourhood Social Capital Protective?

There is increasing evidence from the developed world that air pollution is significantly related to residents’ depressive symptoms; however, the existence of such a relationship in developing countries such as China is still unclear. Furthermore, although neighbourhood social capital is beneficial for health, whether it is a protective factor in the relationship between health and environment pollution remains unclear. Consequently, we examined the effects of cities’ PM2.5 concentrations on residents’ depressive symptoms and the moderating effects of neighbourhood social capital, using data from the 2016 wave of China Labourforce Dynamics Survey and the real-time remote inquiry website of Airborne Fine Particulate Matter and Air Quality Index. Results showed that PM2.5 concentrations and neighbourhood social capital may increase and decrease respondents’ depressive symptoms, respectively. Notably, neighbourhood social capital decreased the negative effect of PM2.5 concentrations on respondents’ depressive symptoms. These analyses contributed to the understanding of the effect of air pollution on mental health in China and confirmed that neighbourhood social capital were protective factors in the relationship between health and environment hazards.
Predictors of repeated acute hospital attendance for asthma in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Asthma attacks are common and have significant physical, psychological, and financial consequences. Improving the assessment of a child's risk of subsequent asthma attacks could support front‐line clinicians’ decisions on augmenting chronic treatment or specialist referral. We aimed to identify predictors for emergency department (ED) or hospital readmission for asthma from the published literature.
Turkey embryo staging from cleavage through hypoblast formation

The progressive development of the turkey embryo from first cleavage through hypoblast formation was examined in order to determine the applicability of a chicken embryo staging procedure. It was concluded that the temporal and spatial events associated with the development of the early turkey embryo are sufficiently different from those of the chicken embryo to warrant a separate staging procedure. Cleavage is asynchronous and often results in asymmetrical segmentation. Unlike the chicken embryo, which at oviposition has already formed the area pellucida and area opaca and is classified as a Stage X embryo, the turkey embryo at oviposition is only at the beginning of area pellucida formation and is classified as a Stage VII embryo. After about 3 hr of incubation and prior to completion of the area pellucida, hypoblast formation begins at the posterior end, thereby establishing the bilaterally symmetrical pattern of the embryo. When viewed from the dorsal surface, an opaque region is observed at the center of the area pellucida. This opacity is unique to the turkey embryo and is referred to as the area alba. When viewed from the ventral surface, the area alba appears to be composed of large whitish cells. To conclude, the rate of turkey embryo development through the completion of hypoblast formation, which consists of 11 stages, lags behind that of the chicken. Furthermore, the organization as well as origin of the area pellucida and hypoblast observed in the turkey embryo differ from that of the chicken embryo. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral papillae of adults of the southern hemisphere lamprey Geotria australis

The morphology, cell types, and innervation of the several small papillae (x̄ = 17) and two larger papillae, which together form a ring just outside the fimbriae surrounding the suctorial disc of adult Geotria australis, have been studied using various histological stains, including silver impregnation, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The epithelium of all papillae consists almost entirely of mucigenic cells. The multivillous and oligovillous cells, which are found elsewhere in the lamprey epidermis, were not observed, and Merkel and polyvillous cells are rare. Free nerve endings are common, however, in the basal layers of the epidermis. Unlike the small papillae, the two large papillae contain a core of skeletal muscle and a prominent layer of dermal collagen. In the submucosa of these large papillae, the nerves form a dense, compact layer that contains many large and probably sensory axons. It is suggested that the oral disc papillae of adult G. australis are encapsulated mechanosensory structures that play a role in enabling the animal to locate and attach to a suitable point on host fishes or other surfaces.
Viability Screen of LOPAC1280 Reveals Phosphorylation Inhibitor Auranofin as a Potent Inhibitor of Blastocystis Subtype 1, 4, and 7 Isolates

Blastocystis is an enteric parasite with extensive global prevalence. Studies have linked infection with this protist with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome. ABSTRACT Blastocystis is an enteric parasite with extensive global prevalence. Studies have linked infection with this protist with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome. Due to the polymorphic nature of Blastocystis, studies on the parasite could be complicated, as results can be easily misinterpreted. Metronidazole is the commonly prescribed drug for Blastocystis infection, although there have been increasing reports of drug resistance. Hence, there is a need to identify alternative drugs to eliminate Blastocystis infection. In this study, LOPAC1280 was screened and drugs that can decrease the viability of three Blastocystis isolates in cultures were identified. Using apoptosis assay and imaging flow cytometry, phenotypic changes in Blastocystis cells after treatment were also analyzed to obtain insights into the possible mechanism of action of these drugs. Three drugs—diphenyleneiodonium chloride, auranofin, and BIX 01294 trihydrochloride hydrate—were effective against all three isolates tested. Repurposing of these drugs for Blastocystis treatment could be a way of combating metronidazole resistance relatively quickly and at a lower cost.
Hind limb scaling in birds and other theropods: Implications for terrestrial locomotion

An analysis of hind limb skeletal elements of non‐avian theropods and ground‐dwelling birds was performed to reveal patterns of change in shape and proportion with size. When femora of equal length are compared, birds exhibit a significantly larger midshaft diameter than non‐avian theropods. As total limb length increases, avian femora become relatively shorter (negative allometry), while those of non‐avian theropods become relatively longer (positive allometry). Avian femoral/tibiotarsal ratios are all below 0.8 and decrease with limb size, whereas ratios of non‐avian theropods are well above 0.8 and tend to increase with limb size. In addition, avian femora exhibit a unique diameter/length relationship not seen in other theropod hind limb bones.
Label-Free Bioanalyte Detection from Nanometer to Micrometer Dimensions—Molecular Imprinting and QCMs †

Modern diagnostic tools and immunoassay protocols urges direct analyte recognition based on its intrinsic behavior without using any labeling indicator. This not only improves the detection reliability, but also reduces sample preparation time and complexity involved during labeling step. Label-free biosensor devices are capable of monitoring analyte physiochemical properties such as binding sensitivity and selectivity, affinity constants and other dynamics of molecular recognition. The interface of a typical biosensor could range from natural antibodies to synthetic receptors for example molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs). The foremost advantages of using MIPs are their high binding selectivity comparable to natural antibodies, straightforward synthesis in short time, high thermal/chemical stability and compatibility with different transducers. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) resonators are leading acoustic devices that are extensively used for mass-sensitive measurements. Highlight features of QCM devices include low cost fabrication, room temperature operation, and most importantly ability to monitor extremely low mass shifts, thus potentially a universal transducer. The combination of MIPs with quartz QCM has turned out as a prominent sensing system for label-free recognition of diverse bioanalytes. In this article, we shall encompass the potential applications of MIP-QCM sensors exclusively label-free recognition of bacteria and virus species as representative micro and nanosized bioanalytes.
Migratory, recurrent skin eruption in a returning traveller

1. Young AW, Herman EW, Tovell HMM. Syringoma of the vulva: incidence, diagnosis and cause of pruritus. Obstet. Gynecol. 1980; 55: 515–8. 2. De Filippis D, D’Amico A, Cinelli MP et al. Adelmidrol, a palmitoylethanolamide analogue, reduces chronic inflammation in a carrageenin-granuloma model in rats. J. Cell Mol. Med. 2009; 13: 1086–95. 3. Mertz H, Veien NK. Eruptive syringoma mimicking urticaria pigmentosa. A case report. Acta Derm. Venereol. 1993; 73: 136–7. 4. Claudy AI. Adult-onset urticaria pigmentosa and eruptive syringomas. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1988; 19: 135. 5. Dionisi B, Senatori R. Aliamides in the treatment of vulvodynia. G. It. Obstet. Gynecol. 2015; 37: 121–6.
High-Throughput Incubation and Quantification of Agglutination Assays in a Microfluidic System

In this paper, we present a two-phase microfluidic system capable of incubating and quantifying microbead-based agglutination assays. The microfluidic system is based on a simple fabrication solution, which requires only laboratory tubing filled with carrier oil, driven by negative pressure using a syringe pump. We provide a user-friendly interface, in which a pipette is used to insert single droplets of a 1.25-µL volume into a system that is continuously running and therefore works entirely on demand without the need for stopping, resetting or washing the system. These assays are incubated by highly efficient passive mixing with a sample-to-answer time of 2.5 min, a 5–10-fold improvement over traditional agglutination assays. We study system parameters such as channel length, incubation time and flow speed to select optimal assay conditions, using the streptavidin-biotin interaction as a model analyte quantified using optical image processing. We then investigate the effect of changing the concentration of both analyte and microbead concentrations, with a minimum detection limit of 100 ng/mL. The system can be both low- and high-throughput, depending on the rate at which assays are inserted. In our experiments, we were able to easily produce throughputs of 360 assays per hour by simple manual pipetting, which could be increased even further by automation and parallelization. Agglutination assays are a versatile tool, capable of detecting an ever-growing catalog of infectious diseases, proteins and metabolites. A system such as this one is a step towards being able to produce high-throughput microfluidic diagnostic solutions with widespread adoption. The development of analytical techniques in the microfluidic format, such as the one presented in this work, is an important step in being able to continuously monitor the performance and microfluidic outputs of organ-on-chip devices.
Two new endophytic Atractiellomycetes, Atractidochium hillariae and Proceropycnis hameedii

ABSTRACT Sterile fungal isolates are often recovered in leaf and root endophytic studies, although these seldom play a significant role in downstream analyses. The authors sought to identify and characterize two such endophytes—one representing the most commonly recovered fungal isolate in recent studies of needle endophytes of Pinus taeda and the other representing a rarely isolated root endophyte of Populus trichocarpa. Both are shown by DNA sequencing to be undescribed species of Atractiellomycetes (Pucciniomycotina, Basidiomycota), a poorly characterized class of mostly plant-associated and presumably saprobic microfungi. The authors describe the new genus and species Atractidochium hillariae (Phleogenaceae) and the new species Proceropycnis hameedii (Hoehnelomycetaceae), both in the Atractiellales, to accommodate these unusual isolates. Following incubations of 1–2 mo, A. hillariae produces minute white sporodochia, similar to those produced by several other members of Atractiellales, whereas Pr. hameedii forms conidia singly or in chains in a manner similar to its sister species Pr. pinicola. Additionally, we provide a taxonomic revision of Atractiellomycetes based on multilocus analyses and propose the new genera Neogloea (Helicogloeaceae) and Bourdotigloea (Phleogenaceae) to accommodate ex-Helicogloea species that are not congeneric with the type H. lagerheimii. Atractiellomycetes consists of a single order, Atractiellales, and three families, Hoehnelomycetaceae, Phleogenaceae, and Helicogloeaceae. Accumulated evidence suggests that Atractiellomycetes species are common but infrequently isolated members of plant foliar and root endobiomes.
Development of the inner ear of the brown trout (Salmo trutta fario): II. Cytodifferentiation and innervation of sensory cells

The study of the sensory organs of the trout labyrinth by means of electron microscopy show that hair cells differentiate gradually in these organs; all of them produce new cells over a long period. The course of cytodifferentiation follows a similar pattern in all organs. Afferent nerve fibers and terminals are found at approximately the same time that sensory cells are being differentiated; the efferent synapses appear latter in development. The maturation of the both types of synapses is described. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current Concepts in Diagnosis and Treatment of Functional Neurological Disorders

Importance Functional neurological disorders (FND) are common sources of disability in medicine. Patients have often been misdiagnosed, correctly diagnosed after lengthy delays, and/or subjected to poorly delivered diagnoses that prevent diagnostic understanding and lead to inappropriate treatments, iatrogenic harm, unnecessary and costly evaluations, and poor outcomes. Observations Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder/Conversion Disorder was adopted by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, replacing the term psychogenic with functional and removing the criterion of psychological stress as a prerequisite for FND. A diagnosis can now be made in an inclusionary manner by identifying neurological signs that are specific to FNDs without reliance on presence or absence of psychological stressors or suggestive historical clues. The new model highlights a wider range of past sensitizing events, such as physical trauma, medical illness, or physiological/psychophysiological events. In this model, strong ideas and expectations about these events correlate with abnormal predictions of sensory data and body-focused attention. Neurobiological abnormalities include hypoactivation of the supplementary motor area and relative disconnection with areas that select or inhibit movements and are associated with a sense of agency. Promising evidence has accumulated for the benefit of specific physical rehabilitation and psychological interventions alone or in combination, but clinical trial evidence remains limited. Conclusions and Relevance Functional neurological disorders are a neglected but potentially reversible source of disability. Further research is needed to determine the dose and duration of various interventions, the value of combination treatments and multidisciplinary therapy, and the therapeutic modality best suited for each patient.
Graph networks as learnable physics engines for inference and control

Understanding and interacting with everyday physical scenes requires rich knowledge about the structure of the world, represented either implicitly in a value or policy function, or explicitly in a transition model. Here we introduce a new class of learnable models--based on graph networks--which implement an inductive bias for object- and relation-centric representations of complex, dynamical systems. Our results show that as a forward model, our approach supports accurate predictions from real and simulated data, and surprisingly strong and efficient generalization, across eight distinct physical systems which we varied parametrically and structurally. We also found that our inference model can perform system identification. Our models are also differentiable, and support online planning via gradient-based trajectory optimization, as well as offline policy optimization. Our framework offers new opportunities for harnessing and exploiting rich knowledge about the world, and takes a key step toward building machines with more human-like representations of the world.
Relationship of saccular ultrastructure to otolith growth in the teleost Oreochromis niloticus

The sacculus of Oreochromis niloticus is anatomically separated from the utriculus and semicircular canals. The saccular wall is composed of the sensory epithelium, transitional epithelia, and squamous epithelium. Cellular granules are abundant in the sensory and transitional epithelia but scarce in the squamous epithelium. Over the dorsal side of the dorsal transitional epithelium there exists an oval patch of cells with distinctive microvilli. New finding is a shallow groove which extends from the anterior end of the sensory epithelium approximately halfway down along the ventral perimacular transitional epithelium. Small vesicles, which appear “empty” under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), are aggregated in the posterior region of the groove. These small vesicles are also present in both the sensory and transitional epithelia. A second kind of vesicle is comparatively large and appears filled with stainable contents. These vesicles are restricted to the sensory region. Both kinds of vesicles appear to be involved in apical secretion and possibly provide the otolithic membrane with fibers. The otolithic membrane is composed of a gelatinuous layer and subcupular meshwork. The meshwork appears to contribute to the formation of the otolith. The small empty vesicles appear to originate in sensory and transitional epithelial cells and may form the subcupular meshwork. The larger filled vesicles are derived predominantly from sensory cells in the sensory epithelium and appear to contribute to the gelatinuous layer of otoliths. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.