Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of severe early childhood caries with iron deficiency anemia

Background: Severe tooth decay is known to affect the health and well-being of young children. However, there has been minimal research showing the association of severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Aims: The primary aim of this study was to investigate an association between S-ECC with IDA. The secondary objective was to find an association between severe caries and body weight of the child. The oral health-related quality of life of children with S-ECC was also assessed. Materials and Methods: Following the ethical approval, 60 children aged 2-6 years (30 with S-ECC and 30 controls with caries status <2) were recruited for this cross-sectional association study. Each child received a clinical examination for dental caries status using deft index and a blood investigation to determine various parameters; hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume (PCV). Children underwent venipuncture after due parental consent, and 2.5 mL blood was collected from each child to evaluate the above parameters. Following this, the parents filled up a 10 point questionnaire to determine the child′s quality of life. Data were then analyzed by t-test and Fischer′s exact t-test. Result: On comparison of percentage of children with IDA in S-ECC and control group, it was found that children with S-ECC were more likely to have IDA odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 10.77 (2.0, 104.9), (P = 0.001). In addition to this, S-ECC children were significantly more likely to have low Hb, MCV, and PCV levels (P < 0.001) which imply that S-ECC may be a risk marker for the development of anemia. More children (93%) with severe caries were found to have less body weight than ICMR standard weight for age as compared to children with low caries (P < 0.05%). Conclusion: S-ECC is strongly associated with the anemia due to iron deficiency, and efforts should be made toward the preventive and curative aspects of ECC, which may improve the general well-being and quality of life of a child.
Point mutations in the Moloney murine leukemia virus enhancer identify a lymphoid-specific viral core motif and 1,3-phorbol myristate acetate-inducible element

The transcriptional enhancer of the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) is organized as a 75-base-pair repeat, and in each copy of the repeat there are multiple binding sites for nuclear factors. We have introduced point mutations into each of the known nuclear factor-binding sites in the MoMLV enhancer, in both copies of the direct repeat, and have analyzed the transcriptional activity conferred by the mutated enhancers by transient-expression assays in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell lines. Mutation of individual binding sites in the MoMLV enhancer has moderate effects (less than 2-fold to 20-fold) on transcription in six independent cell lines. Several mutations decreased transcription from the MoMLV enhancer ubiquitously (the leukemia virus factor b site and the glucocorticoid response element), whereas others affected transcription specifically in lymphoid cell lines (core motif) or, more significantly, in fibroblasts (nuclear factor 1 site). The transcriptional activity of the MoMLV enhancer can be induced 8- to 10-fold by 1,3-phorbol myristate acetate in Jurkat T cells. Mutations in any of three adjacent binding sites (leukemia virus factor b and c sites and the core motif) within a 28-base-pair region in the center of the direct repeat sequence of the MoMLV enhancer completely attenuate the response to 1,3-phorbol myristate acetate.
Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and irritable bowel syndrome

Abstract Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) gene may underlie the disturbance in gut function in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Association studies of SERT polymorphisms and IBS have shown diverse results among different countries, which might be due to racial and subject composition differences. The aim of this study was to assess the potential association between SERT polymorphisms and IBS in Koreans. A total of 190 IBS patients, who met the Rome II criteria, and 437 healthy controls were subjected to genotyping. SERT polymorphisms differed in the IBS and control groups (P = 0.014). The SERT deletion/deletion genotype occurred with greater frequency in the diarrhoea‐predominant IBS group than in the controls. A strong genotypic association was observed between the SERT deletion/deletion genotype and diarrhoea‐predominant IBS (P = 0.012). None of the clinical symptoms analysed was significantly associated with the SERT genotypes. The frequency of the SERT insertion/insertion genotype was much lower than that of the other two genotypes. A significant association was observed between the SERT polymorphism and IBS, especially diarrhoea‐predominant IBS, suggesting that the SERT gene is a potential candidate gene involved in IBS in Korea.
The interaction between values and organizational identification in predicting suggestion‐making at work

The present study proposed and found that personal values and organizational identification interact in predicting making suggestions for organizational improvements at work. One hundred and forty-eight employees of children's day-care centres rated their values, their identification with the organization and their suggestion-making behaviour. Their behaviour was also rated by their supervisors. As expected, the value dimension of openness to change vs. conservation predicted suggestion-making more strongly amongst individuals highly identified with the organization than amongst individuals weakly identified with the organization. This was found using self-ratings of behaviour as well as supervisor's rating of behaviour. The study points to the importance of values and identification in understanding suggestion-making and innovative behaviour at work, and it opens new avenues for examining this interaction in predicting other kinds of organizational behaviours.
Attachment Style and Subjective Motivations for Sex

The relation of attachment style to subjective motivations for sex was investigated in an Internet survey of 1999 respondents. The relations of attachment anxiety and avoidance to overall sexual motivation and to the specific motives for emotional closeness, reassurance, self-esteem enhancement, stress reduction, partner manipulation, protection from partner’s negative affect and behavior, power exertion, physical pleasure, nurturing one’s partner, and procreation were explored. As predicted, attachment anxiety was positively related to overall sexual motivation and to all specific motives for sex, with the exception of physical pleasure. Avoidance was negatively related to emotional closeness and reassurance as goals of sex and positively related to manipulative use of sex but minimally related to most other motives. Sexual passion was positively related to attachment anxiety and negatively related to avoidance, and anxiety was related to the maintenance of passion over time, whereas avoidance was related to loss of passion over time.
Prediagnostic body fat and risk of death from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the association between body fat and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with an appropriate prospective study design. Methods: The EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) study included 518,108 individuals recruited from the general population across 10 Western European countries. At recruitment, information on lifestyle was collected and anthropometric characteristics were measured. Cox hazard models were fitted to investigate the associations between anthropometric measures and ALS mortality. Results: Two hundred twenty-two ALS deaths (79 men and 143 women) occurred during the follow-up period (mean follow-up = 13 years). There was a statistically significant interaction between categories of body mass index and sex regarding ALS risk (p = 0.009): in men, a significant linear decrease of risk per unit of body mass index was observed (hazard ratio = 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.86–0.99 per kg/m2); among women, the risk was more than 3-fold increased for underweight compared with normal-weight women. Among women, a significant risk reduction increasing the waist/hip ratio was also evident: women in the top quartile had less than half the risk of ALS compared with those in the bottom quartile (hazard ratio = 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.25–0.93) with a borderline significant p value for trend across quartiles (p = 0.056). Conclusion: Increased prediagnostic body fat is associated with a decreased risk of ALS mortality.
Production of Polyclonal Antisera

Antibodies are serum immunoglobulins with binding specificity for particular antigens, and polyclonal antibodies are particularly valuable for immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. In this unit, the production of polyclonal antisera specific for protein antigens in rabbits, rats, mice, and hamsters is described. A support protocol is included for preparing serum from blood.
AN ANNULAR RESPIROMETER FOR MEASURING AEROBIC METABOLIC RATES OF LARGE, SCHOOLING FISHES

Aerobic metabolic rates of fish at controlled levels of activity are usually measured with individual fish isolated in a flume-type respirometer, in which the fish must swim against a known water velocity (Brett, 1964; Beamish, 1978; Gehrke et al. 1990). Their use for large and fast- swimming fish is difficult owing to engineering problems and water turbulence and because swimming in the confined test section of the respirometer affects the performance of the fish. Some of these problems have been partially dealt with by applying corrections to compensate for the altered water flow around the body of the fish (Webb, 1971) and by developing highly sophisticated flume respirometers (Gehrke et al. 1990).
Mobile agent itinerary planning for WSN data fusion: considering multiple sinks and heterogeneous networks

Mobile agent (MA)‐based middleware has been thoroughly investigated in the past few years as a means to address the efficiency, scalability, and reliability issues of data fusion applications on wireless sensor networks. Deriving an efficient itinerary for each MA to follow is of high importance, because itineraries determine to a large extent the overall performance of data fusion tasks. In this article, we present a novel algorithmic approach for efficient itinerary planning of MA objects undertaking data fusion tasks. We adopt a method based on iterated local search to construct the itineraries (ie, visiting sequences of source nodes) assigned to multiple traveling MAs. We apply alternative optimization criteria which aim either at minimizing the overall energy expenditure over all derived MA itineraries or prolonging the network lifetime. Furthermore, we propose algorithmic solutions for 2 realistic settings which have not been investigated in the past: firstly, the employment of multiple sinks that share the responsibility of MA‐based data fusion tasks across the sensor field, and secondly, the consideration of heterogeneous sensor networks comprising nodes powerful enough to host the runtime environment required to execute MA code as well as “ordinary” nodes which lack these resources. Simulation tests verify the performance gain attained by our algorithmic methods against alternative itinerary planning approaches which involve multiple MAs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass wasting triggered by seasonal CO2 sublimation under Martian atmospheric conditions: Laboratory experiments

Sublimation is a recognized process by which planetary landscapes can be modified. However, interpretation of whether sublimation is involved in downslope movements on Mars and other bodies is restricted by a lack of empirical data to constrain this mechanism of sediment transport and its influence on landform morphology. Here we present the first set of laboratory experiments under Martian atmospheric conditions which demonstrate that the sublimation of CO2 ice from within the sediment body can trigger failure of unconsolidated, regolith slopes and can measurably alter the landscape. Previous theoretical studies required CO2 slab ice for movements, but we find that only frost is required. Hence, sediment transport by CO2 sublimation could be more widely applicable (in space and time) on Mars than previously thought. This supports recent work suggesting CO2 sublimation could be responsible for recent modification in Martian gullies.
Acclimation to hypothermic incubation in developing chicken embryos (Gallus domesticus)

SUMMARY Hypothermic incubation reduces the ability of the late-stage chicken embryo to mount endothermic heat production. This study investigates whether blood O2 transport is similarly limited by cooler incubation temperatures. Two populations of chicken embryos were incubated at 38°C and 35°C. At Hamilton–Hamburger (HH) developmental stage 41–42, hypothermic incubation had no significant effect on hematocrit (∼26%) or [Hb] (7 g%). However, in the final stages of incubation (stage 43–44), hypothermic incubation reduced hematocrit from ∼31% at 38°C to ∼27.5% at 35°C. Hypothermic incubation similarly caused a reduced [Hb] from 8.5 g% (38°C) to 6.25 g% (35°C), indicating a reduction in blood O2-carrying capacity in embryos. Incubation temperature had a strong effect on blood–O2 affinity in late development (stage 43–44), with P50 at 38°C falling significantly from ∼6 kPa in 38°C embyros to ∼4 kPa in 35°C embryos. PO2 values in chorioallantoic arterial blood at HH 41–42 were 4.3 kPa at pH 7.46 (38°C) and 3.4 kPa at pH 7.39 (35°C). In chorioallantoic venous blood these values were 9.1 kPa at pH 7.34 (38°C) and 8.1 kPa at pH 7.42 (35°C). With further development to HH 43–44, chorioallantoic arterial blood oxygenation fell to 2.4 kPa at pH 7.54 (38°C) and 2.8 kPa at pH 7.52 (35°C). Similarly, PO2 in chorioallantoic venous blood fell slightly to 7.7 kPa at pH 7.42 (38°C) and 7.4 kPa at pH 7.48 (35°C). Collectively, these data reveal that beyond HH 41–42, 35°C embryos experience retarded hematological development, and the findings that support the observed delayed metabolic response to acute temperature changes.
Cerebral hemodynamics in subarachnoid hemorrhage evaluated by transcranial Doppler sonography. Part 2. Pulsatility indices: normal reference values and characteristics in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

In previous publications on the diagnostic value of transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD), conflicting results concerning predictive capacities for evaluating vasospasm by measuring flow velocities were reported, and the necessity to examine pulsatility indices (PIs) was stressed. PIs are known to give useful information on cerebral hemodynamics in cases of stenosis of the extracranial internal carotid artery and cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Whether the examination of PIs can give additional information in cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and allow prediction of impending delayed ischemic deficits (DIDs) is still unclear. Normal reference values for the Gosling pulsatility index, the Pourcelot resistance index, and the first Fourier pulsatility index were established in a series of 97 normal subjects. A significant increase in the indices was found as age increased, and there was a strong relation between the indices. There were no statistically significant differences between the right and left sides. An inverse relation was found between the flow velocity and PIs in the middle cerebral artery. In a prospective study of 455 follow-up TCD examinations in 66 SAH patients treated routinely with nimodipine, three different groups were analyzed separately: Group I, patients without DIDs; Group II, patients with DIDs; and Group III, patients with neurological deficits not strictly classifiable as DIDs. The analysis of all three groups together showed a typical time course after the onset of SAH: initially elevated PIs normalized around the tenth day after bleeding. According to Fisher grading, the amount of subarachnoid blood influences the increase in PIs significantly. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function of Coke Oven Workers: A Lung Function Surveillance System From 1990–2000

Learning ObjectivesRecall the effects of coke oven work—in “operation” or other domains—on respiratory symptoms.Summarize changes in parameters of respiratory function in coke oven workers, and note whether respiratory symptoms predict compromised lung function.Relate the associations, if any, among current smoking status, respiratory symptoms, and lung function. Abstract This study investigated the association of exposure to coke oven emissions with respiratory symptoms and with lung function. Data for respiratory symptoms and lung function were repeatedly collected from 764 male coke oven workers between 1990 and 2000. The data were analyzed cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Working in “Operation” increased the risk for cough (odds ratio [OR] = 2.37), phlegm (OR = 2.55), and shortness of breath (OR = 1.52). Cross-sectionally, each year of working in Operation was associated with a reduction in FEV1 of approximately 10 mL (P = 0.006) and in FVC of around 21 mL (P = 0.0001). From longitudinal analysis, each year of working in Operation was associated with an extra annual decline in FEV1 of 1.5 mL (P = 0.0012) and in FVC of around 1.8 mL (P = 0.0017). Exposure to coke oven emissions increased the risk for respiratory symptoms and adversely affected lung function.
Evidence for regulation following amputation and tissue grafting in the developing mouse limb.

Procedures are now available to experimentally manipulate postimplantation mouse embryos in situ and allow development to continue into postnatal life (Muneoka, K., N. Wanek, and S.V. Bryant (1986) J. Exp. Zool. , 239:289-293). We have investigated the ability of the well-formed hindlimb bud to regulate following two experimental operations: amputation and wedge grafts designed to confront anterior and posterior cells. After comparing the resultant limbs with the fate maps of the relevant stages, we conclude that the developing hindlimb bud at stage 7/8 (equivalent to stage 27/28 of the chick) is capable of partial regeneration of the peripheral digits following amputation and capable of supernumerary digit tip formation after grafting of a wedge of anterior tissue to a posterior position.
Rearing and breeding of the Moroccan locust Dociostaurus maroccanus (Thunberg) (Orthop., Acrididae) under laboratory conditions

The objective of the present work was to design a rearing method for the Moroccan or Mediterranean locust Dociostaurus maroccanus and to breed it. The duration of the post‐embryonic development from N1 to adult ranged between 35 and 38 days, independently of whether nymphs were reared at constant temperature or in cages with incandescent light bulbs that afford heat for thermo‐regulation. In contrast, the number of nymphs reaching the adult stage was directly related to the power of the bulb from 0 to 60 W. The rearing density did not affect the survival and developmental time of nymphs over the range 100–400 nymphs per cage. The survival of D. maroccanus nymphs under optimal conditions, which were a 60 W bulb and 400 nymphs per cage, was around 60%. The mean number of egg‐pods per female ranged between 2.6 and 3.5, and no difference was observed among rearing densities, with 16 pairs per cage being the optimal breeding condition. The number of eggs per egg pod ranged from 15 to 25, the egg viability from 20 to 50% and the adult longevity from 30 to 40 days. Eggs deposited by D. maroccanus females reared under these laboratory conditions were viable and thus the present study has ‘closed’ the life cycle of this species for the first time. The rearing method developed in this study will provide elements for studies of biology and physiology and it can be used in the design of new, environmentally sound pest management measures.
Strain Gradients Correlate with Sites of Periosteal Bone Formation

We examined the hypothesis that peak magnitude strain gradients are spatially correlated with sites of bone formation. Ten adult male turkeys underwent functional isolation of the right radius and a subsequent 4‐week exogenous loading regimen. Full field solutions of the engendered strains were obtained for each animal using animal‐specific, orthotropic finite element models. Circumferential, radial, and longitudinal gradients of normal strain were calculated from these solutions. Site‐specific bone formation within 24 equal angle pie sectors was determined by automated image analysis of microradiographs taken from the mid‐diaphysis of the experimental radii. The loading regimen increased mean cortical area (±SE) by 32.3 ± 10.5% (p = 0.01). Across animals, some periosteal bone formation was observed in every sector. The amount of periosteal new bone area contained within each sector was not uniform. Circumferential strain gradients (r2 = 0.36) were most strongly correlated with the observed periosteal bone formation. SED (a scalar measure of stress/strain magnitude with minimal relation to fluid flow) was poorly correlated with periosteal bone formation (r2 = 0.01). The combination of circumferential, radial, and longitudinal strain gradients accounted for over 60% of the periosteal new bone area (r2 = 0.63). These data indicate that strain gradients, which are readily determined given a knowledge of the bone's strain environment and geometry, may be used to predict specific locations of new bone formation stimulated by mechanical loading.
Computer-enhanced stereoscopic vision in a head-mounted operating binocular

Based on the Varioscope, a commercially available head-mounted operating binocular, we have developed the Varioscope AR, a see through head-mounted display (HMD) for augmented reality visualization that seamlessly fits into the infrastructure of a surgical navigation system. We have assessed the extent to which stereoscopic visualization improves target localization in computer-aided surgery in a phantom study. In order to quantify the depth perception of a user aiming at a given target, we have designed a phantom simulating typical clinical situations in skull base surgery. Sixteen steel spheres were fixed at the base of a bony skull, and several typical craniotomies were applied. After having taken CT scans, the skull was filled with opaque jelly in order to simulate brain tissue. The positions of the spheres were registered using VISIT, a system for computer-aided surgical navigation. Then attempts were made to locate the steel spheres with a bayonet probe through the craniotomies using VISIT and the Varioscope AR as a stereoscopic display device. Localization of targets 4 mm in diameter using stereoscopic vision and additional visual cues indicating target proximity had a success rate (defined as a first-trial hit rate) of 87.5%. Using monoscopic vision and target proximity indication, the success rate was found to be 66.6%. Omission of visual hints on reaching a target yielded a success rate of 79.2% in the stereo case and 56.25% with monoscopic vision. Time requirements for localizing all 16 targets ranged from 7.5 min (stereo, with proximity cues) to 10 min (mono, without proximity cues). Navigation error is primarily governed by the accuracy of registration in the navigation system, whereas the HMD does not appear to influence localization significantly. We conclude that stereo vision is a valuable tool in augmented reality guided interventions.