Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Definitions for Evaluating Harmonic Distortion and Unbalanced Conditions in Three- and Four-Wire Three-Phase Systems Based on IEEE Standard 1459

So far, various studies are carried out in the field of unbalance decomposition from harmonic distortion in three-phase systems, and several criteria are proposed to express the value of these two types of disturbances, separately. However, most of them do not comply with the standard definitions for the effective values of three-phase voltage and current. Furthermore, extensive investigations are not performed for the calculation of the decomposition factors in three- and four-wire three-phase systems. In this paper, sequence matrices are applied to phase and line voltage and current harmonics to calculate balanced and unbalanced components. Afterwards, according to IEEE Standard 1459-2010, new distinguishing factors are extracted for three- and four-wire installations. Also, a new index is introduced as total harmonic and unbalance distortion to have an overall consideration of the system disturbance. Finally, three illustrative examples are presented to show the ability of the proposed indices in evaluating unbalance and harmonic distortion in three-phase systems.
Cytoprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Steen Solution on Human Lung Spheroids and Human Endothelial Cells

Respiratory diseases represent a major healthcare burden worldwide. Lung transplantation (LTx) is the “gold standard” for end‐stage patients, strongly limited by shortage of available/suitable donor lungs. Normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has significantly increased the number of lungs suitable for transplantation. Steen solution is used for EVLP, but the mechanisms involved in its beneficial properties remain to be clarified. We investigated the effects of Steen solution in an in vitro protocol of cold starvation and normothermic recovery on human lung spheroids, named pneumospheres (PSs), containing epithelial/basal cells, and on endothelial human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Steen solution significantly preserved the viability of PSs, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) release by PSs and HUVECs, decreased NADPH‐oxidase (NOX) activity in PSs, and reduced inflammatory cytokines expression levels in HUVECs. Steen solution was able to specifically reduce NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) isoform activation, particularly in PSs, as detected by soluble‐NOX2 peptide and p47‐phosphorylation. Interestingly, a specific NOX2 inhibitor could partly mimic the pro‐survival effect of Steen on PSs. We provide the first evidence that Steen solution can preserve lung epithelial/progenitor cells viability partially through NOX2 downregulation, and exert antioxidant effects on parenchymal cells, with consequent ROS reduction. These results suggest that NOX2 inhibition might be an additional strategy to reduce cellular damage during LTx procedures.
erpesviruses in Endodontic Pathoses : Association of pstein-Barr Virus with Irreversible Pulpitis and pical Periodontitis

h s a H a c s d t D bstract rreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis are inflammaory diseases caused by opportunistic bacteria with posible co-infection with latent herpesviruses. The objectives f this study are to identify herpesviruses, including huan cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), erpes simplex virus (HSV-1), and Varicella zoster virus VZV) in patients with irreversible pulpitis (n 29) or pical periodontitis, either primary (n 30) or previously reated (n 23). Using primary and nested polymerase hain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription-PCR, EBV NA and RNA were present in endodontic pathoses in ignificantly higher percentages (43.9% and 25.6%, repectively) compared with healthy pulp controls (0% and %, respectively). HCMV DNA and RNA were found in easurable numbers in both endodontic patients (15.9% nd 29.3%, respectively) and in healthy pulp controls 42.1% and 10.5%, respectively). HSV-1 DNA was found n low percentages in endodontic patients (13.4%), and nly one patient showed the presence of VZV. In concluion, EBV may be associated with irreversible pulpitis nd apical periodontitis. (J Endod 2009;35:23–29)
Stepwise Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Promotes Tendon Regeneration by Secreting Fetal Tendon Matrix and Differentiation Factors

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are ideal seed cells for tissue regeneration, but no research has yet been reported concerning their potential for tendon regeneration. This study investigated the strategy and efficacy of using hESCs for tendon regeneration as well as the mechanism involved. hESCs were first induced to differentiate into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which had the potential to differentiate into the three mesenchymal lineages and were positive for MSC surface markers. hESC‐derived MSCs (hESC–MSCs) regenerated tendon tissues in both an in vitro tissue engineering model and an in vivo ectopic tendon regeneration model, as confirmed by the expression of tendon‐specific genes and structure. In in‐situ rat patellar tendon repair, tendon treated with hESC–MSCs had much better structural and mechanical properties than did controls. Furthermore, hESC–MSCs remained viable at the tendon wound site for at least 4 weeks and secreted human fetal tendon‐specific matrix components and differentiation factors, which then activated the endogenous regeneration process in tendon. Moreover, no teratoma was found in any samples. These findings demonstrate a safe and practical strategy of applying ESCs for tendon regeneration and may assist in future strategies to treat tendon diseases. STEM CELLS 2009;27:1276–1287
Theories of computability

Broad in coverage, mathematically sophisticated, and up to date, this book provides an introduction to theories of computability. It treats not only "the" theory of computability (the theory created by Alan Turing and others in the 1930s), but also a variety of other theories (of Boolean functions, automata and formal languages) as theories of computability. These are addressed from the classical perspective of their generation by grammars and from the more modern perspective as rational cones. The treatment of the classical theory of computable functions and relations takes the form of a tour through basic recursive function theory, starting with an axiomatic foundation and developing the essential methods in order to survey the most memorable results of the field. This authoritative account, written by one of the leading lights of the subject, will be required reading for graduate students and researchers in theoretical computer science and mathematics.
Prevention of dual promoting effects of pentachlorophenol, an environmental pollutant, on diethylnitrosamine-induced hepato- and cholangiocarcinogenesis in mice by green tea infusion.

In order to explore a possibility that the custom of drinking green tea infusion is efficacious for reducing the carcinogenic risk of environmental exposure to pentachlorophenol (PCP), we examined the effects in a hepato- and cholangiocarcinogenesis model in mice exposed to diethylnitrosamine (DEN). In the first experiment, groups of 15 male mice were initially treated with DEN at a dose of 20 p.p.m. in the drinking water for the first 8 weeks followed by a 4 week recovery interval by PCP at concentrations of 0 (basal diet), 300 or 600 p.p.m. in the diet for 23 weeks. Further groups of animals were treated with DEN and PCP in the same manner and received 2% green tea infusion (GT) instead of the drinking water from week 10 until death. PCP exposure at the high dose promoted DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, and also caused progression of cystic hyperplasias of the intrahepatic bile ducts to cholangiocellular tumors. Co-administration of GT was able to prevent the increases of incidences and multiplicities of DEN-induced hepatocellular tumors and also arrest the progression of cholangiocellular tumors. In the second experiment, co-treatment with GT in the drinking water from 1 week before 300 or 600 p.p.m. PCP treatment in the diet to the end of the experiment at week 3 in B6C3F1 male mice suppressed increases of serum ALT activities, 8-oxodeoxyguanosine levels in liver DNA and bromodeoxyuridine labeling indices of hepatocytes and intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells induced by PCP. These findings suggest that regular intake of green tea may reduce the carcinogenic risk posed by an environmental pollutant, PCP, presumably due to effects on oxidative stress.
Relationship between CPITN and periodontal attachment loss findings in an adult population.

This study investigates the relationship between CPITN findings and the prevalence and severity of periodontal attachment loss in a rural Kenyan population comprising 1131 persons aged 15-65 years. All persons were examined for calculus, gingival bleeding, pocket depths and attachment loss levels on 4 sites of each tooth present. Recordings of bleeding, calculus and pocket depths were used to compute CPITN scores based on the 10 index teeth originally proposed, and these CPITN scores were subsequently related to the attachment loss findings derived from the full-mouth assessment. In most cases, persons with a CPITN score < or = 1 did not have attachment loss > or = 4 mm. However, among 40+ year-old persons with CPITN score 2 over 90% had attachment loss > or = 4 mm and over 50% of the 50+ year-olds with CPITN score 3 had attachment loss > or = 6 mm. Less than 20% of the 15-29 year-olds with CPITN score 3 had attachment loss > or = 6 mm, and usually the attachment loss levels ranged between 0 and 3 mm. Beyond the age of 35 years over 10% of the sextants with CPITN score 0 had attachment loss > or = 4 mm. Below the age of 35 years more than one third of all sextants with CPITN score 3 had attachment loss levels < or = 3 mm. Thus, the CPITN findings overestimate both prevalence and severity of periodontal attachment loss among the younger age groups and underestimate these parameters among elderly subject.
The Cortical Network for Braille Writing in the Blind

Fundamental forms of high-order cognition, such as reading and writing, are usually studied in the context of one modality - vision. People without sight, however, use the kinesthetic-based Braille writing, and haptic-based Braille reading. We asked whether the cognitive and motor control mechanisms underlying writing and reading are modality-specific or supramodal. While a number of previous functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies have investigated the brain network for Braille reading in the blind, such studies on Braille writing are lacking. Consequently, no comparative network analysis of Braille writing vs. reading exists. Here, we report the first study of Braille writing, and a comparison of the brain organization for Braille writing vs Braille reading. FMRI was conducted in a Siemens 3T Trio scanner. Our custom MRI-compatible drawing/writing lectern was further modified to provide for Braille reading and writing. Each of five paragraphs of novel Braille text describing objects, faces and navigation sequences was read, then reproduced twice by Braille writing from memory, then read a second time. During Braille reading, the haptic-sensing of the Braille letters strongly activated not only the early visual area V1 and V2, but some highly specialized areas, such as the classical visual grapheme area and the Exner motor grapheme area. Braille-writing-from-memory, engaged a significantly more extensive network in dorsal motor, somatosensory/kinesthetic, dorsal parietal and prefrontal cortex. However, in contrast to the largely extended V1 activation in drawing-from-memory in the blind after training (Likova, 2012), Braille writing from memory generated focal activation restricted to the most foveal part of V1, presumably reflecting topographically the focal demands of such a "pin-pricking" task.
Role of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus: A Pilot Study

Context: Lichen planus is a psychosomatic disease. Higher frequency of psychiatric symptoms, poor quality of life, higher level of anxiety and neuroendocrine and immune dysregulations, all these factors, will enhance the exacerbation of the disease. Aims: The present study was to assess depression, anxiety and stress levels in patients with oral lichen planus. Materials and Methods: The psychometric evaluation using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)-42 questionnaire was carried out, by the same investigator on all members of group 1 (Oral Lichen Planus) and group 2 (Control). DASS-42 questionnaire consists of 42 symptoms divided into three subscales of 14 items: Depression scale, anxiety scale, and stress scale. Statistical Analysis Used: The Student t test was used to determine statistical difference for both the groups and to evaluate for significant relationships among variables. Results: Psychological assessment using DASS-42 reveals lichen planus patients showed higher frequency of psychiatric co morbidities like depression, anxiety and stress compared to control group. Conclusions: This study has provided evidence that the DASS-42 questionnaire is internally consistent and valid measures of depression, anxiety, and stress. Psychiatric evaluation can be considered for patients with oral lichen planus with routine treatment protocols are recommended. DASS-42 Questionnaire can also be used to determine the level of anxiety, stress and depression in diseases of the oral mucosa like recurrent apthous stomatitis, burning mouth syndrome and TMD disorders.
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase deficiency: two nucleotide transitions define the most prevalent mutant allele associated with loss of catalytic activity in Caucasians.

The autosomal recessive trait of thiopurine S-methytransferase (TPMT) deficiency is associated with severe hematopoietic toxicity when patients are treated with standard doses of mercaptopurine, azathioprine, or thioguanine. To define the molecular mechanism of this genetic polymorphism, we cloned and characterized the cDNA of a TPMT-deficient patient, which revealed a novel mutant allele (TPMT*3) containing two nucleotide transitions (G460-->A and A719-->G) producing amino acid changes at codons 154 (Ala-->Thr) and 240 (Tyr--> Cys), differing from the rare mutant TPMT allele we previously identified (i.e., TPMT*2 with only G238-->C). Site-directed mutagenesis and heterologous expression established that either TPMT*3 mutation alone leads to a reduction in catalytic activity (G460-->A, ninefold reduction; A719-->G, 1.4-fold reduction), while the presence of both mutations leads to complete loss of activity. Using mutation specific PCR-RFLP analysis, the TPMT*3 allele was detected in genomic DNA from approximately 75 percent of unrelated white subjects with heterozygous phenotypes, indicating that TPMT*3 is the most prevalent mutant allele associated with TPMT-deficiency in Caucasians.
Production of Six Woody Landscape Plants in Copper-coated and Styrene-lined Containers

Abstract Growth of Rhododendron L. ‘Hershey's Red’ (azalea), Magnolia grandiflora L. (magnolia), Ilex × meserveae S.Y. Hu. ‘Blue Princess’ (holly), Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) Ait. (pittosporum), Gardenia jasminoides Ellis ‘August Beauty’ (gardenia), and Nerium oleander L. (oleander) were evaluated for 8 months in 3.8 liter (#1) containers treated with (+) or without (−) copper hydroxide (Cu) and with (+) or without (−) a styrene lining. Plants were then repotted into 10.3 liter (#3) untreated containers to determine treatment effects on root regeneration and shoot growth. In addition, azalea, gardenia, and holly were planted in the ground to evaluate root regeneration and shoot growth during landscape establishment. All species tested had less root growth at the substrate-container interface at the end of the first growing season when grown in Cu-treated containers. Other growth parameters measured (height, trunk diameter, growth index) varied among species in response to Cu treatment. One growing season.
Risk of relapse of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is predicted by flow cytometric measurement of residual disease on day 15 bone marrow.

PURPOSE Speed of blast clearance is an indicator of outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Availability of measurement of minimal residual disease (MRD) at an early time point with a reduced-cost method is of clinical relevance. In the AIEOP-BFM-ALL (Associazione Italiana Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica and Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster Study Group) 2000 trial, patients were stratified by levels of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) MRD at day +33 and +78. AIEOP studied the prognostic impact of MRD measured by flow cytometry (FCM) at day 15 of induction therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Bone marrow samples from 830 Italian patients were collected on day 15, after 14 days of steroids, and one dose of intrathecal methotrexate, vincristine, daunorubicine, and asparaginase. Cells were analyzed by four-color FCM for detection of leukemia-associated immunophenotypes. RESULTS Three patient risk groups were identified by FCM: standard (< 0.1% blast cells; 42% of the total), intermediate (0.1 to < 10%; 47%), and high (> or = 10%; 11%). Their 5-year cumulative incidences of relapse were 7.5% (SE, 1.5), 17.5% (SE, 2.1), and 47.2% (SE, 5.9), respectively. In multivariate analysis, FCM was the most important prognostic factor among those available by day 15, with two-fold and five-fold increase in the risk of relapse compared with patients with less than 0.1%. PCR MRD, when added to the model, had significant prognostic impact; yet high levels of FCM MRD retained an independent ability to detect a significantly higher risk of relapse. CONCLUSION Measurement of FCM MRD in day 15 bone marrow was the most powerful early predictor of relapse, applicable to virtually all patients; it may complement PCR MRD-based stratification including later time points, thus allowing additional treatment tailoring.
Relationship Between Gene Expression of 5-Fluorouracil Metabolic Enzymes and 5-Fluorouracil Sensitivity in Primary Cancer Cells Isolated from Malignant Ascites

This study was designed to investigate the predictive role of 5-FU metabolic enzymes in malignant ascites. Forty-three malignant ascites were collected and primary cancer cells were isolated. Gene expression was detected by quantitative RT-PCR. We found that DPD mRNA was higher in patients with pancreatic cancers than those with gastric cancers, colon cancers, and liver cancers. Significant correlations were found between expression of DPD and TP, and between TS and OPRT. mRNA levels of TS and OPRT correlated significantly with the chemosensitivity of 5-FU. Assessing gene expression would be useful in predicting 5-FU sensitivity for patients with malignant ascites.
Electromechanical delay in isometric actions initiated from nonresting levels.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether electromechanical delay (EMD) was associated exclusively with the onset of tension from a resting state and whether EMD remained constant across different rates of force development. METHODS Twenty-four subjects (23.9 +/- 5.4 yr, 171.7 +/- 7.3 cm, 72.9 +/- 12.8 kg) performed isometric elbow flexion trials in the transverse plane by using the dominant arm during which isometric force data and surface EMG activity were collected. Subjects completed three trials to establish a maximal force (MF) reference. Subjects then completed trials in which pulse forces of varying magnitudes were elicited at a frequency of 1 Hz from different baseline intensities. All forces were expressed relative to MF. Three trials of the following conditions (baseline-pulse) were performed in random order: 0-25%, 25-50%, 50-75%, 0-50%, and 0-75%. EMG and force data were collected for 10 pulse cycles during these trials. EMD was defined as the temporal shift that maximized a normalized cross-correlation function. RESULTS EMD for a 25% pulse force developed from rest (83.5 +/- 12.9 ms) was significantly longer than that developed from 25% (66.3 +/- 11.5 ms) or 50% (60.6 +/- 16.6 ms) baselines. EMD values were not different when force was developed from 25% and 50% baselines. EMD associated with a 25% pulse force from rest was significantly longer than 50% (70.3 +/- 10.0 ms) and 75% (68.9 +/- 8.7 ms) pulse forces from rest. EMD for 50% and 75% pulse forces from rest were not statistically different. CONCLUSION It was concluded that EMD is present during exertions initiated from both resting and nonresting states but is reduced when exertions are initiated from non-resting states and with higher rates of force development.
Designing Urban Squares

The effects of fast changing economic and social conditions have increasingly become significant on how people use and shape their environments. The urban population has been dramatically increasing worldwide and consequently physical structure of the cities changes constantly, mostly in negative ways. As the population increases, the demand for infrastructure and facilities also increases. Privatization and decentralization are the two major concerns on the future of the cities and open public spaces.
Screening for cervical cancer in Jamaica.

Invasive cervical cancer is a leading cause of death in Jamaica despite the availability of Pap smear screening. 90% of women who die from cervical cancer have never been screened. The effectiveness of Pap smear screening depends on women's knowledge of and attitudes toward screening, the availability of this service, the adequacy of laboratory facilities to process the smears, staffing of clinics and laboratories, quality control, a system of recall of women with positive smears, and economic factors. This article reviews the impact of each of these factors in the Jamaican context. Most women have heard of the Pap smear but believe its purpose is to detect rather than prevent cervical cancer. Screening rates are low among poor, uneducated women. As a result of staff shortages in government laboratories, there is a long delay before Pap smear results are returned. The problem of cervical cancer is severe enough in Jamaica to justify the reallocation of funds from less critical areas.
Learnt Real‐time Meshless Simulation

We present a new real‐time approach to simulate deformable objects using a learnt statistical model to achieve a high degree of realism. Our approach improves upon state‐of‐the‐art interactive shape‐matching meshless simulation methods by not only capturing important nuances of an object's kinematics but also of its dynamic texture variation. We are able to achieve this in an automated pipeline from data capture to simulation. Our system allows for the capture of idiosyncratic characteristics of an object's dynamics which for many simulations (e.g. facial animation) is essential. We allow for the plausible simulation of mechanically complex objects without knowledge of their inner workings. The main idea of our approach is to use a flexible statistical model to achieve a geometrically‐driven simulation that allows for arbitrarily complex yet easily learned deformations while at the same time preserving the desirable properties (stability, speed and memory efficiency) of current shape‐matching simulation systems. The principal advantage of our approach is the ease with which a pseudo‐mechanical model can be learned from 3D scanner data to yield realistic animation. We present examples of non‐trivial biomechanical objects simulated on a desktop machine in real‐time, demonstrating superior realism over current geometrically motivated simulation techniques.