Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A LATE TERTIARY ORIGIN FOR MULTILEVEL CAVES ALONG THE WESTERN ESCARPMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND PLATEAU , TENNESSEE AND KENTUCKY , ESTABLISHED BY COSMOGENIC 26 AL AND 10 BE

In the southeastern United States, karst features are developed on two topographic surfaces of regional extent known locally as the Cumberland Plateau and Highland Rim (Fig. 1). The most extensive and elevated of the two is the Cumberland Plateau, a rugged upland (550–610 m ASL) bounded on the east by the Valley and Ridge Province and on the west by the solutional surface (275–350 m ASL) of the Eastern Highland Rim. Nearly 180 million years of differential lowering between the sandstone-capped Cumberland Plateau and the limestone surface of the Highland Rim has formed a highlydissected, eastward-retreating escarpment along the western margin of the Cumberland Plateau. The lithologic change from sandstone to limestone along the western escarpment provides an optimum hydrogeologic setting for cave development. Crawford (1984) was the first to describe the “plateau-margin” model of cave development (Fig. 2). In this model, surface streams undersaturated with respect to calcite cross the sandstone caprock of the Cumberland Plateau, sink at the contact between sandstone and limestone, and form cave passage in the vadose zone leading to the local water table. Cave streams emerge as springs along the base of the escarpment or valley wall. Morphometric characteristics of plateau-margin caves include small passage dimensions (in terms of surveyed length and cross-sectional area) and a vertically developed profile (Fig. 3). Of thousands of caves explored along the western escarpment of the Cumberland Plateau, a few do not fit the physical A LATE TERTIARY ORIGIN FOR MULTILEVEL CAVES ALONG THE WESTERN ESCARPMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND PLATEAU, TENNESSEE AND KENTUCKY, ESTABLISHED BY COSMOGENIC 26AL AND 10BE
Effect on Tensile and Flexural Properties of Coconut Fiber Reinforced With Fresh plus Recycled High Density Polyethylene Based Natural Fiber Composites

The present work is based upon preparation and inve stigation on mechanical properties of coconut fiber reinforced high density polyethylene composit e . The samples were manufactured by chemically trea ted coconut fiber with hydrogen peroxide solution and s o ium hydroxide acid. The chemical modification hel ped to remove excess waxy substances and moisture from the structure of coconut fiber. The different proporti ns of coconut fiber i.e. 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17 %, 18%, 19% and 20% used along with (fresh + recycled) HDPE to manufacture the desired composite s. The tensile samples of CFHDPE having dimensions 165 X 13 X 3.2(in mm) and flexural samples of CFHDP E having dimensions 127 X 12.7 X 3.2(in mm) were manufactured using injection molding process. The dies used for tensile samples and flexural samples in accordance with ASTM D 638 and ASTM D 790 standards respectively. The mechanical properties of the samples were determined, namely the tensile strengt h and flexural strength. From the results obtained it was clear that on addition of coconut fiber with fresh HDPE and 50-50 mixture of fresh and recycled HDPE. The value of tensile strength first increased up to 14% coconut fiber and further decreased with addition of fiber. The Flexural strength showed a continuous increase in v alue with the addition of fiber. Further, the worn surface morphology was examined by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to analyze the mechanical behavior of the composites. In this work the lagging of tens ile and flexural strength is due to fiber pull outs , delaminations, random orientation and waxy substanc es.
73 SP-265 — 4 Evaluation of Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls through Finite Element Analysis

Synopsis: Reinforced concrete shear walls are typically modeled with twodimensional continuum elements. Such models can accurately describe the local behavior of the wall element. Continuum models are computationally very expensive, which limits their applicability to conduct parameter studies. Fiber beam elements, on the other hand, have proven to be able to model the behavior of slender walls rather well, and are computationally very efficient. With the inclusion of shear deformations and concrete constitutive models under a biaxial state of stress, fiber models can also accurately simulate the behavior of walls for which shear plays an important role. This paper presents a model for wall-type reinforced concrete structures based on fiber beam analysis under cyclic loading conditions. The concrete constitutive law is based on the recently developed softened membrane model. The finite element model was validated through a correlation study with two experimentally tested reinforced concrete walls. The model was subsequently used to conduct a series of numerical studies to evaluate the effect of several parameters affecting the nonlinear behavior of the wall. These parameters include the slenderness ratio, the transverse reinforcement ratio, and the axial force. These studies resulted in several conclusions regarding the global and local behavior of the wall system.
Author ' s personal copy

Organisms inhabiting stream ecosystems are vulnerable to the effects of habitat fragmentation because of the inherent hierarchical structure of patches in riverscapes. Fragmentation caused by road-stream crossings contributes to alteration of stream organism distribution globally. We used principles of graph theory to develop three artificial riverscapes and test for network-scale changes in simulated fish dispersal caused by barriers that resembled the properties of road-stream crossings (semi-permeable; numerous within a network). Fish occupancy of nodes (habitat patches) declined in the presence of a single barrier when barrier permeability was <0.5, and fish with high dispersal experienced greater declines in occupancy compared to fish with low dispersal. Probability of extirpation (emigration without return) from fragments was greatest for nodes that mimicked headwater stream segments. We used a network-scale measure of habitat connectivity (the dendritic connectivity index; DCI) to measure changes in occupancy across all nodes and found the DCI predicted declines in occupancy as the number of barriers in the riverscape increased. Declines in occupancy were driven by threshold responses by fish to the occurrence of small fragments (≤3 nodes). Our simulations identified three important properties of stream fish dispersal that are likely relevant to natural systems: (i) species dispersal affinities determine response to fragmentation; (ii) fragments that are too “small” for organism persistence drive declines in riverscape occupancy; and (iii) measurements of structural (habitat) connectivity used to draw inference on functional (population) connectivity require knowledge of organism dispersal affinity and dispersal-mediated response to barrier positioning. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Ultimate thermal turbulence and asymptotic ultimate turbulence induced by wall-roughness

Turbulence is omnipresent in Nature and technology, governing the transport of heat, mass, and momentum on multiple scales. One of the paradigmatic turbulent flows is Rayleigh-Benard convection, i.e., a flow heated from below and cooled from above. Here, the possible transition to the so-called ultimate regime, wherein both the bulk and the boundary layers are turbulent, has been an outstanding issue, since the seminal work by Kraichnan [Phys. Fluids 5, 1374 (1962)]. Yet, when this transition takes place and how the local flow induces it is not fully understood. By performing two-dimensional simulations of Rayleigh-Benard turbulence covering six decades in Rayleigh number Ra up to 1014 for Prandtl number Pr = 1, for the first time in numerical simulations we find the transition to the ultimate regime, namely at Ra* = 1013. We reveal how the emission of thermal plumes enhances the global heat transport, leading to a steeper increase of the Nusselt number than the classical Malkus scaling Nu ∼ Ra1/3 [Proc. R. Soc. London A 225, 196 (1954)]. Beyond the transition, the mean velocity profiles are logarithmic throughout, indicating turbulent boundary layers. In contrast, the temperature profiles are only locally logarithmic, namely within the regions where plumes are emitted, and where the local Nusselt number has an effective scaling Nu ∼ Ra0.38, corresponding to the effective scaling in the ultimate regime. For real-world applications of wall-bounded turbulence, the underlying surfaces are virtually always rough; yet characterizing and understanding the effects of wall roughness for turbulence remains an elusive challenge. By combining extensive experiments and numerical simulations, here, taking as 2nd example the paradigmatic Taylor-Couette system (the closed flow between two independently rotating coaxial cylinders), we uncover the mechanism that causes the considerable enhancement of the overall transport properties by wall roughness. If only one of the walls is rough, we reveal that the bulk velocity is slaved to the rough side, due to the much stronger coupling to that wall by the detaching flow structures. If both walls are rough, the viscosity dependence is thoroughly eliminated and we thus achieve what we call asymptotic ultimate turbulence, i.e. the upper limit of transport, in which the scalings laws can be extrapolated to arbitrarily large Reynolds numbers. This Proceeding contribution summarizes and reproduces the main results of our recent references [56, 57].
NATIONAL AND KAPODISTRIAN UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS

Despite considerable progress, ab initio protein structure prediction remains unsolved. A crowdsourcing approach is the online puzzle video game Foldit [1], that provided several useful results that matched or even outperformed algorithmically computed solutions [2]. Using Foldit, the WeFold [3] crowd had several successful participations in the Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction. Based on the recent Foldit standalone version [4], we trained a deep reinforcement neural network called DeepFoldit to improve the score assigned to an unfolded protein, using the Q-learning method [5] with experience replay. The thesis is focused on model improvement through hyperparameter tuning. We examined various model architectures and hyperparameters for the learning algorithm. We ended up with a model that achieved better accuracy than our first model. The new model’s hyper-parameters boosted its performance and improved its ability to generalize. Initial results show that given a set of small unfolded training proteins, DeepFoldit quickly learns action sequences that improve the score both on the training set and on novel test proteins. This is important as improving the game score means obtaining a better folding, taking us one step closer to the solution. Our approach combines the intuitive user interface of Foldit with the efficiency of deep reinforcement learning. SUBJECT AREA: Protein Folding
Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of A 356 Alloy / Mg 2 Sip Functionally Graded in-situ Composites : Effect of Processing Conditions

In present study, the effect of dry sliding wear conditions of A356 alloy/Mg2Sip functionally graded in-situ composites developed by centrifugal casting method has been studied. A pure commercial A356 alloy (Al–7.5Si–0.3Mg) was selected to be the matrix of the composites and primary Mg2Sip reinforcing particles were formed by in-situ chemical reaction with an average grain size of 40-47.8 μm. The Al–(Mg2Si)p functionally graded metal matrix composites (FGMMC’s) were synthesized by centrifugal casting technique with radial geometry, using two different mould rotating speeds ( 1200 and 1600 rpm). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization technique was carried out to confirm the in-situ formed Mg2Si particles in composites. Optical microscopy examination was carried out to reveals the grain refinement of Al-rich grains due to in-situ formed Mg2Si particles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were carried out to reveal the distribution of phases, morphological characteristics and confirmation of primary Mg2Si particles in the matrix. The sliding wear behavior was studied using a Pinon-Disc set-up machine with sliding wear parameters: effect of loads (N), effect of sliding distances (m) and effect of Mg on wear at room temperature with a high-carbon chromium steel disc (HRC-64) as counter surfaces. A good correlation was evidenced between the dry sliding behaviour of functionally graded in-situ composites and the distribution of Mg2Si reinforcing particles. Beside the above processing conditions, the dominant wear mechanisms of functionally graded in-situ composites have been correlated with the microstructures. The hardness and wear resistance properties of these composites increase with increasing volume percent of reinforced primary Si/Mg2Si particles toward inner zone of cast cylindrical shapes. The objective of this works was to study the tribological characteristics under dry sliding conditions of fabricated composites for automotives engine blocks and cylinder liners. © 2016 Published by Faculty of Engineering Corresponding author: S.C. Ram Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, UP, India-221005. E-mail: subh.mtech07@yahoo.com R E SE A R C H S.C. Ram et al., Tribology in Industry Vol. 38, No. 3 (2016) 371-384
Clinico-epidemiological profile of H 1 N 1 cases : an experience in a tertiary care centre

Introduction: H1N1 is a flu virus that has generated a great medical discussion due to its pandemic nature. The 2009 swine flu outbreak was observed in Mexico and has since progressed to involve many countries and continents; thus, highlighting the importance in early detection and management of these seemingly subtle but notorious virus. Aims of the study: To identify and describe clinicoepidemiological profile of H1N1 cases. Materials and methodology: Retrospective, record based analysis of confirmed cases of H1N1, admitted to K.S. Hegde Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka from January 2015 to October 2017 was undertaken and results expedited. Results and Discussion: Total of 12 cases were reported during the study period. Three cases were diagnosed in 2015 and 8 cases were reported in 2017, with only one being diagnosed in 2016. A female preponderance was observed with 75% cases. The main presenting symptoms were noted to be fever (100%), cough (100%), breathlessness (100%), throat pain (25%) and chest pain (33.3%). All patients were from rural areas and were non-smokers. Main comorbidity identified was diabetes (41.6%). All patients were treated with oseltamivir and required mechanical ventilation. The common causes of death attributable was Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and bronchopneumonia. Conclusion: The incidence of H1N1 has been found to be higher during the 2017 outbreak compared to 2015, highlighting the gravity of the pandemic. It is imperative to note the various common presentations of this virus and most importantly, it’s devastating complications. While aggressive treatment is mandatory, early diagnosis is quintessential.
Impact of Yoga and Meditation on Cognitive Functions of Students

Yoga, an ancient Indian system of thought as well as practice is very pertinent to the treatment and prevention of psychological disorders, as well as the maintenance and promotion of physical and psychological well-being. Yoga focuses on retraining or educating the mental processes. Meditation has been used in recent years to help people attain health, cure diseases, and useful in many kind of health related problems. Taken together, this system provides a way of life that enhances a sense of well-being in people. The present study was an attempt to explore impact of yoga and meditation on cognitive functions of students. Results obtained in the study shows that there are significant differences were present in the yoga practicing students than nonyoga practicing students.
Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering VII 12 – 14 June 2017 , Rhodes Island , Greece

FE simulation of welds from austenitic steel was carried out in the current paper. Two different multi-pass welds were modelled. Measurements of welding residual stresses, which were found in literature, were applied for the validation of the results. The validated models were then used as basis for sensitivity analysis. The influence of differentiating the welding speed, the heat input of the weld heat source, intermediate cooling between consecutive weld-passes and welding sequence on the welding residual stresses was investigated.
Determinants Predicting Intention to Properly Dispose of Used Batteries

Toxic metals are used in batteries which end up in landfill sites and which may reach humans via the food chain and food web. Proper disposal of used batteries is needed. However, the factors related to intention to proper disposal of used batteries need to be better understood. The purpose of this study was to examine relationship between any of these determinants: intention, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and exposure to information and the proper disposal of used batteries and to identify which of these determinants were predictors of the intention. Survey research was conducted using a self administered questionnaire among 3,652 Thammasat University students at the Rangsit campus. The sample was selected by a stratified random sampling technique. The results indicated that students who have a high and positive intention, high levels of subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, and moderate level of positive attitudes were likely to practice a proper disposal of used batteries. Subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, exposure to information, and attitudes are statistically significant predictors of intention to dispose the used batteries in separate specific bins. Therefore, giving information by different innovations or activities on proper disposal of the used batteries and providing a specific waste bin for used batteries around campus are likely to encourage students to properly dispose their used batteries.
Priority Programme 1962 A Composite Step Method with Inexact Step Computations for PDE Constrained Optimization

We consider a composite step algorithm for equality constrained optimization problems. The arising linear systems are inexactly solved with a conjugate gradient method using a constraint preconditioner. The influence of the error on the damping parameters of the underlying Newton scheme and algorithmic parameters is discussed and specialized termination criteria for the conjugate gradient method are given. Application to optimal control of a quasilinear heat equation and nonlinear elasticity illustrates the numerical performance of the resulting algorithm. AMS MSC 2000: 49M37, 90C55, 90C06
Contributions from comparative research with nonhuman primates

Evolutionary developmental psychology is a discipline that has the potential to integrate conceptual approaches to the study of behavioral development derived from psychology and biology as well as empirical data from humans and animals. Comparative research with animals, and especially with nonhuman primates, can provide evidence of adaptation in human psychological and behavioral traits by highlighting possible analogies (i.e., similar function, but independent evolution) or homologies (i.e., inheritance from a common ancestor) between human traits and similar traits present in animals. Data from nonhuman primates have played a crucial role in our understanding of infant attachment to the caregiver as a developmental adaptation for survival. Primate and human data are also consistent in suggesting that female interest in infants during the juvenile years may be a developmental adaptation for reproduction that facilitates the acquisition of maternal skills prior to the onset of reproduction. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A PARAMETRIC STUDY ON UNREINFORCED AND CONFINED MASONRY WALL BEHAVIOR

Although it is a known fact that confined masonry construction has many advantages over unreinforced masonry construction, it has never been popular in Turkish construction practice. One of the reasons for this issue is that the seismic regulations in Turkey do not explicitly enforce the use of confined masonry structural systems. Now, being on the verge of releasing a new version of the Turkish seismic code, it seems to be an appropriate time to adapt confined masonry to the Turkish construction practice. This study intents to reveal why such attempts are necessary by comparing the behaviour of unreinforced and confined masonry on the component (wall) scale. In the first phase of the study, a rigorous literature survey is conducted on the available laboratory tests regarding unreinforced and confined masonry walls. Then idealized tri-linear capacity curves are proposed following the recommendations of Tomazevic (1999) with three performance points (i.e. cracking, maximum and ultimate). The empirical formulations in literature related to these performance points are investigated and the ones with closest match to the experimental behaviour are selected to represent the idealized behaviour of unreinforced and confined masonry walls. After verifying that the selected set of performance parameters for unreinforced and confined masonry walls reasonably match with the experimental results, this idealized analytical information is used to conduct a parametric study for the comparison of the behaviour of these two different types of masonry walls. The parameters used in this analytical study are the basic geometrical and mechanical properties of masonry walls. The results of the parametric study reveal the superior behaviour of confined masonry walls over unreinforced masonry walls.
Pre-implant computed tomography and insertion torque measurement in qualitative determination of trabecular bone density

Background: Bone density is a very important factor in the successful plan of implant treatment. The aim of the study is to evaluate the trabecular bone density of potential dental implant sites in different region of the jawbone by using Computerized Tomography (CT) , and the relationship between bone density and insertion torque. Materials and method: In this clinical study 64 patients were treated with 120 Xive FRIADENT DENTPLY system implants. The implant recipient sites were divided in two groups according to gender; 60 in males and 60 in females and each group was divided into subgroups according jaw (maxilla and mandible) and region (anterior and posterior). The bone density of each implant recipient site was recorded in Hounsfield units (HU) using CT. The maximum insertion torque (Ncm) values were recorded with torque controlling motor. Results: There was a significant correlation between bone density and insertion torque in males (r=0. 983, p <0.001) and females (r=0.955, p <0.001). The trabecular bone density values were (682±98 HU, 481±104 HU, 413±92 HU, and 263±67 HU) values in the anterior mandible, posterior mandible, anterior maxilla, and posterior maxilla, respectively. Trabecular bone density was higher in males in comparison to females and the bone quality was higher for the mandible than for the maxilla, and higher for the anterior region than for the posterior region of these bones. In females there is no significant difference in bone density (p<0.05) between the posterior mandible and anterior maxilla and between males and females at posterior maxilla (p<0.001). Conclusion: Trabecular bone density is a key determinant for clinical success; CT is a useful tool for assessing the bone density