Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of adverse outcomes on an acute geriatric rehabilitation ward.

BACKGROUND multidisciplinary rehabilitation is of proven benefit in the management of older inpatients. However, the identification of patients who will do well with rehabilitation currently lacks a strong evidence base. OBJECTIVES the aims of this study were to compare the importance of chronological age, gender, co-morbidities and frailty in the prediction of adverse outcomes for patients admitted to an acute geriatric rehabilitation ward. DESIGN prospective observational cohort study. SUBJECTS AND SETTING two hundred and sixty-five patients admitted consecutively to an acute geriatric rehabilitation ward at a tertiary care teaching hospital. METHODS frailty status was measured by an index of accumulated deficits, giving a potential score from 0 (no deficits) to 1.0 (all 40 deficits present). Patients were stratified into three outcomes: good (discharged to original residence within 28 days), intermediate (discharged to original residence but longer hospital stay) and poor (newly institutionalised or died). RESULTS patients were old (82.6 ± 8.6 years) and frail (mean frailty index (FI) 0.34 ± 0.09). Frailty status correlated significantly with length of stay and was a predictor of poor functional gain. The odds ratio of intermediate and poor outcome relative to a good outcome was 4.95 (95% CI = 3.21, 7.59; P < 0.001) per unit increase in FI. Chronological age, gender and co-morbidity showed no significant association with outcomes. CONCLUSION frailty is associated with adverse rehabilitation outcomes. The FI may have clinical utility, augmenting clinical judgement in the management of older inpatients.
Numerical Experiments on the Breaking of Solitary Internal Wavesover a Slope–Shelf Topography

Abstract A theoretical study of the transformation of large amplitude internal solitary waves (ISW) of permanent form over a slope–shelf topography is considered using as basis the Reynolds equations. The vertical fluid stratification, amplitudes of the propagating ISWs, and the bottom parameters were taken close to those observed in the Andaman and Sulu Seas. The problem was solved numerically. It was found that, when an intense ISW of depression propagates from a deep part of a basin onto the shelf with water depth Hs, a breaking event will arise whenever the wave amplitude am is larger than 0.4(Hs − Hm), where Hm is the undisturbed depth of the isopycnal of maximum depression. The cumulative effect of nonlinearity in a propagating ISW leads to a steepening and overturning of a rear wave face over the inclined bottom. Immediately before breaking the horizontal orbital velocity at the site of instability exceeds the phase speed of the ISW. So, the strong breaking is caused by a kinematic instability of t.
Molecular cloning of genes from Ruminococcus flavefaciens encoding xylanase and beta(1-3,1-4)glucanase activities

Clones expressing activity against xylan or beta(1-3,1-4)glucan (lichenan) were isolated from a library of Ruminococcus flavefaciens 17 DNA made in bacteriophage lambda EMBL3. Hybridization analyses indicated the recovery of four separate genes encoding xylanases that showed no detectable associated carboxylmethylcellulase activity. One of these genes was associated with clones that also expressed beta(1-3,1-4)glucanase and beta-xylosidase activities.
XLX-a platform for graduate-level exercises

e-learning has become an important topic, both in academia and industry. This paper reports on a newly created Web-based platform, called eXtreme e-Learning eXperience (XLX), to perform exercise work of technically oriented graduate-level university courses, in support of blended learning. In addition to providing a course portal with traditional teaching material, an e-mail list, and a discussion forum, XLX's main contribution lies in a personalized training section that allows transparent access to underlying (possibly commercial) third-party systems such as database systems, XSLT processors, or workflow management systems for hands-on experience and increased students' motivation.
Intelligent Energy Systems: Introducing Power–ICT Interdependency in Modeling and Control Design

This paper introduces a novel control scheme for mitigating the cascading effects of a failure in the power transmission grid. Modern power systems include controller entities, which exchange information (measurement/control signals) with the grid through information communication technology (ICT). Nevertheless, networking problems can generate observability/reachability issues, which prevent the controller from correctly estimating the grid's state and applying in a timely manner the necessary actions. Thus, we present a control approach that explicitly takes into account the potential degradation of the ICT performance during power failure events. To this end, the power-induced ICT deficiencies are modeled as additive communication latency, to quantify their impact on the controller's effectiveness. Moreover, in order to overcome excessive/varying delays, a model predictive control architecture is proposed, which produces directives for both the safeguard cut of power lines and the load/generation regulation, in a manner that minimizes the impact of the initial power failure on the overall grid.
CONTROL OF THE HAND IN LOWER PRIMATES

The Primatc hand preceded thc Primate brain. Prosimians have fingernails, enlarged touch-pads, long, mobile fingers, and a widely divergent thumb. Such fossils as Notharctcis show these characters were wellestablished in the Eocene. But the relative brain size of the Primates only advanced beyond that of other mammals with the appearance of true monkeys during the Oligocene. Elliot Smith (1902, 1927) first elaborated on the importance of Prosimian hands and eyes in the development of true simian intelligence. Good vision shows final spatial detail. Hands allow the animal to manipulate an object precisely, while watching lvhat it is doing. Hands, and acute eyes, are of great advantage for locomotion on branches. But branches are small, three-dimensional objects, so the arboreal specializations of Eocene Prosimians fitted them to develop more understanding of objects. There is an obvious analogy here with the evolution of man from a tool-using hominoid. The evolution of intelligence is intimately linked to the instrument of intelligence, whether hand or tool. Therefore, it is of interest to trace the control of the hand in lower Primates, and to see what relation this has to the general behavior of modern Prosimians. Prehension is the act of holding to an object. A prehensiue grip is a position of the hand while it is holding on. I shall call the position of the hand while it is reaching to take hold the prehensioe pattern. The pattern or reach is determined only by the neuro-muscular control of the hand. The final prehensive grip is, of course, determined largely by the shape of the object held. J. R. Napier (1956) has shown that human beings have two kinds of prehensive grips, clearly diff erentiatecl. In the power grip, an object is held under the first phalanges of digits 2-5, and braced against thumb and hypothenar pad. In the precision grip, the object is held between thumb-tip and index-tip, with the thumb rotated to give maximum pulp-to-pulp contact. These grips vary according to the shape of the object, but the fundamental difference between precision and power grips is determined by active, voluntary control of the hand. Even while the human hand reaches in a prehensive pattern, it is apparent whether that hand will pick up a crowbar or a pencil, with power or with precision. Prosimians, on the contrary, have only whole-hand control. They use a single prehensive pattern in a n y situation, whether they are reaching for a raisin or a branch. Their final grips, however, are determined by the shape of the object, and are even more variable than human grips. Tupaia glis, when it must reach for an object with one hand, reaches straight forward, hooks the object under its claws, and scrapes it straight
Controlled release application of multilamellar vesicles: a novel drug delivery approach

A novel multilamellar vesicular delivery system was developed for the controlled release application. Multilamellar vesicles were prepared by thin film hydration and converted into proliposomes by freeze-drying. A model drug metoclopramide, a highly hydrophilic drug, was successfully encapsulated into proliposomes. The proliposomes produced were non-sticky, free-flowing powders. The proliposomes were formulated into a unit dosage form by combining with various excipients. The effect of different compositions such as type and concentration of phospholipid or hydrophilic polymer was investigared to optimize the formulation. The formation of multilamellar vesicles was confirmed by observing the process of hydration of proliposomes under an optical microscope. The spherical shape of vesicles was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and mean particle sizes were in the range of 1.3–2.5 µm, as measured by dynamic light scattering technique. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study of formulations was conducted to understand the crystalline nature of drug in the vesicles. The results indicated a molecular level dispersion of drug into proliposomes with encapsulation efficiency up to 43%. Critical formulation parameters were identified to obtain a near zero order in vitro release pattern. Proliposomal formulations produced were suitable as multiparticulate drug delivery systems for the controlled release of a highly hydrophilic molecule.
H-Reflexes in Normal Human Infants

Summary I. Three H-reflexes, 2 of which have not been described previously, have been obtained in 13 normal human neonates when the ulnar nerve was stimulated. These electrically induced reflexes (EIR's) were demonstrated by muscle action potential recordings from the flexor muscles of the forearm (UFEIR), the hypothenar (UHEIR) and the first dorsal interosseus muscles (UIEIR) of the hand. 2. The UFEIR had a lower threshold than either the UIEIR, or the previously described UHEIR. 3. All 3 EIR's were reduced in amplitude in neonates and in those subjects reexamined 2 to 4 months later, as the infants fell asleep. They were restored by spontaneous arousal or by waking induced by sensory stimulation with sound, light, or touch.
Increased Cerebral Cortex Perfusion in Stroke Patients with Cognitive Disorder Following Cilostazol Administration, Two Cases Report

Objective: In our search for a new augmentation therapy for stroke patients, we administered cilostazol, an antiplatelet agent. Subjects: The patients suffered from mild hemiparesis or cognitive disorder showing reduced cerebral perfusion in the prefrontal cortex. Methods: We evaluated the functional cerebral blood flow (CBF) before and after the administration of cilostazol using near-infrared resonance spectroscopy (NIRS) during a verbal fluency task (VFT). Results: For the patient with cognitive disorder, statistically significant improvements were observed in the number of generated words in the VFT before and after administration of 50 mg cilostazol (p 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). Another patient without cognitive disorder, however, showed no significant VFT improvement after administration of cilostazol. Effect size data revealed large or very large effects of cilostazol on brain activation (oxy-Hb levels) at the affected side prefrontal cortex for both patients. The patient with cognitive disorder showed significant improvement in VFT performance as well as an increase in bilateral prefrontal CBF after cilostazol administration. Discussion: These findings suggest that, for patients with cerebrovascular lesions suffering from cognitive disorder, cilostazol may be promising as a drug to improve cognitive function in addition to preventing recurrent cerebral infarction.
Four decades of necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis: what do we know now?

CONTEXT In the 4 decades since Dr Averill A. Liebow introduced necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis, there have been publications of numerous cases, but its nature and possible relationship to classical and nodular sarcoidosis have been and remain controversial. Liebow introduced necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis as a provisional diagnostic term and stated that "the problem is whether the disease represents necrotizing angiitis with sarcoid reaction, or sarcoidosis with necrosis of the granulomas and of the vessels. " There has, as yet, been no definitive answer to the questions that he raised. OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is a relationship between necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis and nodular sarcoidosis in order to ascertain whether the current prevailing opinion that they are related is correct. DATA SOURCES The world's literature on necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis from 1973 to 2013 and nodular sarcoidosis from 1952 to 2013 was critically reviewed. One hundred three cases of necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis and 111 cases of nodular sarcoidosis were found suitable for individual case analysis. CONCLUSIONS The data showed a striking overlap in the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of both entities, strongly supporting the conclusion that necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis is a previously unrecognized manifestation of sarcoidosis and is essentially the same as nodular sarcoidosis. It is proposed that use of necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis as a diagnostic term be discontinued and replaced by sarcoidosis with necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis pattern provided that an infectious etiology can be reasonably excluded. Our concept of sarcoidosis should now be expanded to recognize that there is a continuous spectrum of necrosis ranging from minimal to extensive.
Attribution régionalisée des causes anthropiques du changement climatique

Cette these traite du Brazilian Proposal, c'est-a-dire de la determination des contributions nationales au changement climatique d'origine humaine. Pour repondre a cette question, nous avons developpe un modele compact du systeme Terre, OSCAR v2.1. Ce modele integre une representation du cycle du carbone (CO2, CH4), de la chimie atmospherique des gaz a effet de serre (CH4, N2O, O3, composes halogenes), mais egalement des aerosols et de la dynamique climatique. Il est force en emissions anthropiques de composes actifs et en changements d'usage des sols. Apres avoir constate la bonne capacite du modele a reproduire les observations passees des principales grandeurs climatiques, et apres avoir enonce les grands principes regissant les exercices d'attribution, nous attribuons les causes anthropiques du changement climatique. Nous trouvons que la retroaction climatique, sur le cycle du carbone et sur la chimie atmospherique, a un effet preponderant qui exacerbe l'importance relative de chaque forcage anthropique. Par ordre decroissant, emissions de dioxyde de carbone fossile, de dioxyde de soufre, de methane, et usages des sols, sont trouves comme etant les plus importants contributeurs au changement climatique en 2008. A travers ces forcages, les pays dits en developpements sont dorenavant de plus grands contributeurs au changement climatique que les pays dits developpes. C'est cependant toujours l'inverse si l'on resonne en contribution par tete ; mais nous montrons qu'un tel raisonnement rend incompatibles une trajectoire de rechauffement inferieur a deux degres et equitable.
Innervation of cat visual areas 17 and 18 by physiologically identified X‐ and Y‐ type thalamic afferents. I. Arborization patterns and quantitative distribution of postsynaptic elements

Specific thalamic afferents to visual areas 17 and 18 were physiologically classified as X or Y type and injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The axons were examined under the light microscope and were then processed for correlated electron microsocpy. X axons arborised in area 17 and in the border between area 17 and 18. The X axons all formed terminals throughout layer 6, but were heterogeneous in their distribution in layer 4. They either occupied the entire width of sublayers 4A and 4B or were strongly biased toward layer 4A. Y axons also arborised in layers 4 and 6, but in area 17 they did not form boutons in sublamina 4B. Some Y axons projected only to area 18; others branched and arborised in both areas 17 and 18. Only the collaterals of one X axon were found to enter area 18; all the others were restricted to area 17. Y axons formed three to four separate patches of boutons about 300–400 μm in diameter, while all but one X axon formed a single elongated patch. Y axons had thicker main branches (3–4 μm) than X axons (1.5–2.5 μm) at their point of entry to the cortex. The main axon trunks and their medium‐calibre collaterals were myelinated, but the preterminal segments were unmyelinated and studded with boutons. Each X or Y axon contacted about seven to ten somata, but Y axons made more contacts per soma (three to six) than did X axons (two to three). In addition to somatic synapses, both X and Y axons formed asymmetric (type 1) synapses on dendritic spines and shafts, with spines forming the most frequent targets (80%). Each Y bouton made, on average, 1.64 synapses in area 17 and 1.79 synapses in area 18, whereas each. X bouton made only 1.27 synapses on average. Although there are proportionally fewer Y axons than X axons entering area 17, the Y axons provide as many synapses as the X axons because of their larger arbors and multisynaptic boutons.
Morphologic and physiologic studies of three dematiaceous pathogens

Uncertainty in identifying a dematiaceous mold from a human bronchial washing precipitated a study of Dactylaria gallopava (Cooke) Bhatt et Kendrick and its relationship to Scolecobasidium constrictum Abbott. Morphologic and physiologic studies were conducted with representative isolates and subcultures derived from the isolates used to prepare the type specimens of these two fungi, as well as a third dark mold, Ochroconis constricta (Abbott) de Hoog et von Arx. All test isolates were morphologically similar in that two-celled, cylindrical blastoconidia with a rhexolytic mode of dehiscence were the predominant and most consistent anamorphic structures. Sympodial development of the conidiophore was too variable to distinguish the isolates. Based on their morphologic similarity, we propose a new combination within the genus Dactylaria as amended by Bhatt and Kendrick, D. constricta (Abbott) Dixon et Salkin. However, D. constricta could be differentiated into two groups on the basis of physiologic tests--a subgroup in which isolates grow at 37 and 45 degrees C, give a delayed positive gelatin reaction, and are inhibited on Mycosel agar; and a second subgroup in which isolates grow on Mycosel agar and give a rapid positive gelatin reaction, but do not grow at 37 or 45 degrees C. We recommend that D. constricta be viewed as a potential pathogen when isolated from clinical specimens.
Relative effectiveness and efficiency of group vs. individual training of severely retarded persons.

Two groups of severely retarded individuals were trained on a work-recognition task: One group was trained individually, i.e., in one-to-one training sessions; the four members of the other group were taught simultaneously by one teacher. The group-teaching strategy resulted in rates of acquisition that were similar to those found with individual instruction. Further, group training proved to be far more efficient in terms of teacher time; i.e., subjects trained as a group acquired significantly more skills in less teacher time than did individually trained subjects. The results indicate that group training is a viable and, at least in some situations, a preferable method for teaching severely retarded persons.
Development of smooth pursuit and predictive eye movements in full-term and preterm infants : an occlusion study

4 1.0 Introduction . 5 2.0 Methods . 12 2.1 Participants . 12 2.2 Apparatus . 13 2.3 Experimental status . 13 2.4 Procedure . 15 2.5 Data analysis . 16 2.5. 1 Eye movement analysis . 16 3.0 Results . 18 4.0 Discussion . 24 References . 30
Different roles for KinA, KinB, and KinC in the initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis

Activation (phosphorylation) of the transcription factor encoded by spo0A is essential for the initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. At least three histidine protein kinases are involved in the phosphorylation of Spo0A. Under some growth conditions, KinA was the primary kinase, but under other conditions, KinB had the more critical role. KinC was required for the initial activation of Spo0A, even in the presence of KinA and KinB.
Apprentissage spatial et planification de l'action dans un modèle de réseau neuronal inspiré du cortex préfrontal

Un nombre important d'experiences etudiant les bases neurales de la cognition spatiale chez le rongeur souligne le role majeur de la formation hippocampique (voir Arleo and Rondi-Reig, 2007 pour une revue). Cette region limbique est impliquee dans l'apprentissage spatial depuis que des neurones selectifs a une position -- nommes cellules de lieu hippocampiques (O'Keefe and Nadel, 1978) -- ont ete decouverts au moyen d'enregistrements psychophysiologiques chez des rats se deplacant librement. Ces neurones participent tres certainement a l'encodage de representations spatiales dans un systeme de coordonnees allocentriques (c'est-'a-dire centrees sur le monde). Cependant deux autres composants sont necessaires pour accomplir une navigation flexible (c'est-'a-dire pour planifier des detours et/ou des raccourcis) : la representation du but et la planification de sequences d'actions dirigees vers un objectif (Poucet et al., 2004). Il a ete propose que l'hippocampe encoderait des representations topologiques (prenant en compte la connectivite entre les differentes positions de l'environnement) adaptees a l'apprentissage de sequences d'actions (voir Poucet et al., 2004). Cependant, d'autres etudes experimentales suggerent l'existence d'un systeme extrahippocampique de planification de l'action partage parmi de nombreuses regions (voir Knierim, 2006 pour une revue). Cette hypothese postule une cognition spatiale distribuee dans laquelle (i) l'hippocampe prendrait part 'a la planification des actions en transmettant des representations spatiales redondantes aux aires associatives superieures, (ii) un reseau cortical elaborerait des representations plus abstraites et compactes du contexte spatial (prenant en compte les informations de motivation, les contraintes cout de l'action / risque, et les sequences temporelles des reponses comportementales dirigees vers un but).
Cancer among 1,348 offspring of survivors of childhood cancer

The occurrence of cancer among the 1,348 offspring of 2,441 survivors of childhood cancer, treated before 1978, was investigated. Information was obtained through a questionnaire sent to the general practitioners of these survivors. Twenty‐three of 52 offspring born to survivors of heritable retinoblastoma developed retinoblastoma; the heritable form of retinoblastoma is known to be transmitted to offspring as an autosomal dominant. None of the 94 offspring born to the 54 survivors of unilateral retinoblastoma with no family history of the disease have developed the disease. This implies that it is unlikely that more than 9% of survivors of unilateral retinoblastoma with no family history have the germ‐cell mutation; consequently it is unlikely that more than 4% of their offspring will be affected. Among the 1,199 offspring born to 629 survivors of other childhood malignant disease, who produced children, one acute monocytic leukaemia and one acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were observed. This is more than expected on the basis of the general population (one‐tailed p = 0.04). However, the types of cancer observed in these 2 offspring and their parents conform to a previously described familial aggregation of cancers. Only a small number of children were born to survivors who received therapy that was potentially germ‐cell mutagenic, and thus it is not possible to make any accurate estimation of their risk of malignant disease.