Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heat tolerance of Boran and Tuli crossbred steers.

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the heat tolerance of the following breeds: Hereford (H), Brahman (B), H x B, H x Boran (H x Bo), and H x Tuli (H x T). Heat tolerance was evaluated in a climatically controlled room (Exp. 1) and under summer environmental conditions (Exp. 2) by comparing rectal temperatures (RT), respiration rates (RR), and sweating rates (SW). In Exp. 1, under extremely hot conditions (mean temperature-humidity index [THI] > 90), purebred B had significantly (P < .05) lower RT and RR than other genotypes, which may be indicative of greater surface area per mass to dissipate heat and a lower metabolic rate than other genotypes. Boran and Tuli crosses had RT (39.5 degrees C) that were intermediate to those of B (39.0 degrees C) and H x B (40.0 degrees C). The H genotype had the greatest RT at 40.3 degrees C. Among the breeds, trends in RR were similar to RR observed at THI < 77; B had the lowest RR, and H x B were intermediate. However, in these extreme conditions, RR did not differ among the purebred H and the Boran and Tuli crossbred steers, but H x B steers had lower RR than the other H crossbred steers. Sweating rates were significantly greater for the Bos indicus x Bos taurus crosses (H x B and H x Bo) than for the purebred genotypes (H and B) and the Bos taurus cross (H x T). In Exp. 2, mean RT for B, H x B, H x Bo, and H x T were very similar to those recorded under the moderate heat stress conditions found in Exp. 1. There were no differences in RT among B, H x Bo, and H x T genotypes. The RR increased over time for H only, and RR for other genotypes tended to be elevated only slightly over time. Among genotypes, SW was significantly greater for the H x Bo steers. The ability of the Bos indicus crosses to dissipate heat through enhanced SW and associated evaporative cooling was evident. However, the heat-tolerant nature of the Bos taurus cross (H x T) was not evident through enhanced RR or SW in either experiment. Compared with other genotypes, the lower RR of B steers was clearly evident and is assumed to be due to greater surface area and other skin characteristics that allow them to dissipate heat to maintain lower RT. These data suggest that the H x Bo and H x T are similar to H x B and intermediate to H and B genotypes in maintaining homeostasis when exposed to a high heat load.
Rape Prevention With College Men

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a theoretically based rape prevention intervention with college men who were at high or low risk to perpetrate sexually coercive behavior. Participants (N = 146) are randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Outcomes include rape myth acceptance, victim empathy, attraction to sexual aggression, sex-related alcohol expectancies, and behavioral indicators, measured across three time points. Positive effects are found for rape myth acceptance, victim empathy, attraction to sexual aggression, and behavioral intentions to rape. Only rape myth acceptance and victim empathy effects sustain at the 5-week follow-up. High-risk men are generally unaffected by the intervention although low-risk men produced larger effects than the entire sample. Results suggest rape prevention studies must assess risk status moderation effects to maximize prevention for high-risk men. More research is needed to develop effective rape prevention with men who are at high risk to rape.
Quantification of Morbidity Associated with Congenital Heart Surgery

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to estimate the morbidity according to observed complications after congenital heart surgery over 1-year period. Methods The previously established list of conditions prone to affect patients' well-being or increase cost of in-hospital stays was used systematically to score the severity of postoperative complications from 1 to 4 points. The morbidity score was calculated by adding the scores of observed complications. When the sum amounted to more than 5 points, a morbidity score of only 5 points was attributed. If no complication was detected, a score of 0.5 points was assigned. The resulting morbidity scores were correlated with the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and in the hospital, the duration of mechanical ventilation, and Aristotle complexity scores. Results A total of 542 primary procedures performed in the year 2011 were studied. Aristotle basic and comprehensive scores amounted to 7.78 ± 2.65 and 10.15 ± 3.83, respectively. Mortality was 1.85% (10/542). The standardized ratio of surgical performance reached 103.10%. Total cavopulmonary connection with extracardiac fenestrated conduit constituted the most frequent operation (n = 34). No complication was observed following 183 (33.8%) procedures. More than two complications were observed in 114 cases (21%). The three most frequent unfavorable conditions were “mechanical ventilation 25 to 95 hours” (n = 150), low cardiac output syndrome (n = 56), and cardiac arrhythmia requiring medication (n = 50). The estimated mean morbidity score amounted to 2.26 ± 1.80 points. Scores ranged from 0.68 ± 0.50 for primary closure of atrial septal defect to 4.50 ± 0.79 for the Norwood procedure. They were perfectly related to the length of ICU stay and to the duration of mechanical ventilation (Spearman coefficient r = 1). Correlation was high with the length of hospital stay (r = 0.83), Aristotle basic score (r = 0.89) (r = 0.96), and comprehensive score (r = 0.94) (C-index = 0.97). The observed mean morbidity score was statistically not different from the expected mean morbidity score according to the basic Aristotle complexity: p = 0.73. Conclusion Quantification of morbidity indicates the length of ICU stay and the duration of mechanical ventilation as the best surrogates for morbidity. Such benchmarking and scoring of observed postoperative complications paves the way for an accurate assessment and improvement of quality care in congenital heart surgery.
Protective Effect of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid against Triptolide-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Triptolide (TP) is the major active component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) and possesses multiple pharmacological effects. However, hepatotoxicity of TP which is one of the toxic properties slows its progression in clinical application. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is the main bioactive ingredient of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), a herbal medicine famous for its detoxification. This study aims to investigate whether GA possesses protective effect against TP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. TP interference markedly elevated serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP, caused evident liver histopathological changes, and elevated hepatic TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ as well as nuclear translocation of NF-κB. TP also significantly elevated liver MDA and declined hepatic activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px. Assay of TUNEL and apoptosis proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, and active caspase-3) showed that TP induced severe hepatocellular apoptosis. In contrast, low-dose GA (50 mg/kg) significantly reversed TP-induced changes above. However, high-dose GA (100 mg/kg) had no such effect. Overall, these findings indicated that low-dose GA but not high-dose GA exhibited a protective effect against TP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats by anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and antiapoptosis, which suggests that the doses of GA/Licorice should be carefully considered when used together with TWHF or TWHF preparations.
Sp1 Is Necessary for Gene Activation of Adamts17 by Estrogen

Adamts17 is a member of a family of secreted metalloproteinases. In this report, we show that knockdown of Adamts17 expression induces apoptosis and inhibits breast cancer cell growth. Adamts17 expression can rapidly be induced by estrogens. siRNA knockdown of Sp1 or Myc demonstrated that Sp1 is required to induce Adamts17 gene expression in response to estrogen. Moreover, reporter assays showed that the proximal promoter and the upstream sequences were not capable of conferring estrogen responsiveness, suggesting that Sp1 elements may be located in the downstream intronic region. We further demonstrated that Sp1 and Myc binding in the proximal promoter region contributed to the Adamts17 basal expression. Furthermore, histone deacetylase (HDAC) and methylase inhibitors also induced Adamts17 expression, indicating that epigenetic alterations, such as aberrant HDAC and/or methylation are associated with dysregulated Adamts17 expression. By meta‐analysis using Oncomine microarray data, we found that higher Adamts17 expression is found in several human cancer cell subtypes, especially in breast ductal carcinoma. Moreover, we found that there is an inverse correlation between higher Adamts17 expression and patients' survival. Our study suggests that Adamts17 may support breast cancer cell growth and survival. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1829–1839, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effects of Gastrin, Epidermal Growth Factor, and Somatostatin on DNA Synthesis in a Small Intestinal Crypt Cell Line (IEC-6) 1

Exposure of IEC-6 cells for 24 hr to either gastrin (50–500 ng/ml) or EGF (100–500 ng/ml) significantly stimulated (100–165%) the rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA (referred to as DNA synthesis) when compared with the corresponding basal levels. Somatostatin (10–500 ng/ml) produced no apparent change in DNA synthesis in IEC cells. On the other hand, somatostatin completely inhibited the EGF-induced rise in DNA synthesis. The gastrin-mediated stimulation in DNA synthesis was not affected by somatostatin. The rate of DNA synthesis in IEC cells in the presence of both gastrin and EGF was found to be greater (additive) than that caused by either of the peptides alone. A similar but less dramatic change in the actual number of cells (assessment of cell replication) was observed when the IEC cells were exposed for 24 hr to gastrin, EGF, and somatostatin, either alone or in combination. Whereas gastrin (250 ng/ml) and EGF (250 ng/ml) by themselves increased the number of cells significantly by 29 and 37%, respectively, together they caused a 72% stimulation, when compared with the basal levels. Somatostatin by itself caused no apparent change in IEC cell population, but it significantly inhibited the EGF- but not the gastrin-induced stimulation in IEC cell replication. It is concluded that both gastrin and EGF exert a direct proliferative effect on IEC cells, and the EGF action is regulated by somatostatin.
Comparison of the proportions of oral bacterial species in BALB/c mice from different suppliers

In order to assess the influence of the origin of mice on their oral bacteria, the proportions of bacterial species found in the oral cavity of BALB/c mice from 5 suppliers were determined. The results indicated that mice from different origins harboured different oral bacterial populations upon arrival at our animal facilities and the differences persisted for at least one week after arrival. Except in one case, the oral bacteria did not differ from one shipment to another from each supplier and remained similar after one week at our animal facilities. The results thus indicate that the composition of the oral bacterial population is influenced by the origin of the mice.
Achievement of client-centred goals by persons with acquired brain injury in comprehensive day treatment is associated with improved functional outcomes

Objectives: To study the relationship between goal achievement and vocational and independent living at discharge and 1-year follow-up in persons with acquired brain injury (ABI) participating in a Comprehensive Day Treatment (CDT) programme. Design: A retrospective review of longitudinal data. Methods: One hundred and fifty-four participants with ABI were included in the analyses. Personal, short-term and graduation goals were generated for each participant. A graduation goal was generated in each of four primary domains of the intervention (Orientation, Cognitive, Social Awareness and Communication). Participants who achieved all graduation goals at discharge were classified as ‘goals met’, while those who did not meet all goals were classified as ‘goals unmet’. Results: Forty-eight percent of participants were classified into the goals met group and 52% were classified into the goals unmet group. There were no group differences at programme admission. A significantly greater percentage of individuals in the goals met group were both living independently and engaging in community-based employment at programme discharge than individuals in the goals unmet group. These group differences were maintained or exceeded at 1-year follow-up. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that achievement of individualized CDT graduation goals is associated with greater levels of vocational and residential independence following acquired brain injury.
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐encoded BARF1 gene is expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and EBV‐associated gastric carcinoma tissues in the absence of lytic gene expression

The BARF1 gene is located in the BamHI‐A fragment of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) genome, encodes 221 amino acids, and has activity as an oncogene. Several reports have demonstrated that BARF1 is expressed in the tissues of various EBV‐associated epithelioid malignancies. However,BARF1 is thought to be a lytic gene, since its expression is induced upon induction of the lytic cycle in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. Therefore, the possibility cannot be excluded that BARF1 expression in EBV‐associated epithelioid malignancies reflects spontaneous induction of the lytic cycle in carcinoma cells. The present study aimed to clarify whether BARF1 was expressed as a latent gene or a lytic gene in epithelioid malignancies. Quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR assay revealed that BARF1 was highly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and EBV‐positive gastric carcinoma tissues in the absence of expression of lytic genes. On the other hand, BARF1 protein was detectable only in two of seven NPC tissue samples by immunoblot analysis. Analysis of BARF1‐transfected CNE1 cells revealed that BARF1 was quickly secreted into culture medium and was hardly detectable in the cell lysate, which would account for why some NPC tissues were negative for BARF1 protein expression even though they were strongly positive forBARF1 expression at the transcriptional level. The present findings indicate that BARF1 is expressed in NPC and EBV‐positive gastric carcinoma tissues as a latent gene and suggest that BARF1 plays a role in the pathogenesis of these malignancies. J. Med. Virol. 76:82–88, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feasibility of a structured 3-minute walk test as a clinical decision tool for patients presenting to the emergency department with acute dyspnoea

Introduction: Emergency department (ED) physicians face frequent decisions on whether to admit patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) or acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This feasibility study evaluated the potential of a structured 3-minute walk test as a clinical decision tool for admission and correlated its performance with poor clinical outcomes. It also aimed to gather evidence and directions for the design of a multicentre study to derive clinical guidelines. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, a convenience sample was enrolled of 40 adult patients who presented to a tertiary care ED with CHF, COPD, or stable chest pain and were being considered for discharge. Patients walked at their own pace and their dyspnoea, respiratory rate, heart rate and oxygen saturation were recorded each minute for 4 minutes. The primary outcome was “poor clinical outcome” defined as admission to hospital, the need for biphasic positive airway pressure, the need for intubation, relapse, or death. Results: 85.0% successfully completed the test and 30.0% had poor clinical outcomes. Of those with poor clinical outcomes, 41.7% were unable to complete the test compared with only 3.6% of those with good clinical outcomes (p<0.01). Significant differences were noted in the dyspnoea (p = 0.04) and respiratory rate (p = 0.03) as well as oxygen saturation measurements at 3 minutes. Conclusions: The 3-minute walk test is a non-resource intensive, simple procedure with applicability in most ED for discharge decisions in patients with cardiopulmonary conditions. Multicentre studies are being planned to validate these findings and establish guidelines for admission and discharge of patients with CHF or acute exacerbation of COPD.
Increased Natural Killer-Cell Mobilization and Cytotoxicity during Marital Conflict

Natural killer (NK) cells are reproducibly mobilized into the circulation in response to intense physical exercise or acute psychological stress, and altered expression of adhesion molecules potentially contributes to NK-cell mobilization. Studies of leukocyte mobilization during acute stress have used psychological stressors which facilitate tight experimental control but have limited applicability to everyday life. We therefore used a laboratory model of marital conflict as an experientially meaningful acute stressor to elucidate relationships among conflict, cardiovascular reactivity, and altered leukocyte phenotype and function. Forty-one ethnically diverse, nondistressed, healthy married couples were asked to discuss a specific problem in their marriage for 15 min. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured before, during, and after the discussion, and blood was remotely drawn at the same time points to quantify numbers of specific leukocyte subsets, NK-cell adhesion molecule expression, and NK cytotoxicity. Couples responded to the conflict task with cardiovascular reactivity; increases in the percentages of circulating NK cells and CD8(+) T cells and decreases in the percentage of circulating CD4(+) T cells; decreases in the percentage of NK cells that express L-selectin; and increases in NK-cell cytotoxicity without a commensurate increase in per-cell cytotoxicity. Rapid downregulation or shedding of L-selectin (CD62L) from NK cells did not contribute to their mobilization during conflict. Instead, CD62L(-) NK cells were mobilized while CD62L(+) NK cells were selectively retained in the vascular marginating pool and/or in extravascular tissue. From a broader perspective, the data support the hypothesis that altered trafficking of specific leukocyte subsets is an integral component of the fight-or-flight response to an acute stressor.
Status of Pharmacy Practice Experience Education Programs

Objective. To assess financial, personnel, and curricular characteristics of US pharmacy practice experiential education programs and follow-up on results of a similar survey conducted in 2001. Methods. Experiential education directors at 118 accredited US pharmacy colleges and schools were invited to participate in a blinded, Web-based survey in 2011. Aggregate responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and combined with data obtained from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy to assess program demographics, faculty and administrative organizational structure, and financial support. Results. The number of advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) sites had increased by 24% for medium, 50% for large, and 55% for very large colleges and schools. Introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) sites outnumbered APPEs twofold. The average experiential education team included an assistant/associate dean (0.4 full-time equivalent [FTE]), a director (1.0 FTE), assistant/associate director (0.5 FTE), coordinator (0.9 FTE), and multiple administrative assistants (1.3 FTE). Most faculty members (63%-75%) were nontenure track and most coordinators (66%) were staff members. Estimated costs to operate an experiential education program represented a small percentage of the overall expense budget of pharmacy colleges and schools. Conclusion. To match enrollment growth, pharmacy practice experiential education administrators have expanded their teams, reorganized responsibilities, and found methods to improve cost efficiency. These benchmarks will assist experiential education administrators to plan strategically for future changes.
Use of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic polarization to evaluate the corrosion behavior of six nickel-chromium alloys before and after porcelain-fused-to-metal firing.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Nickel-chromium casting alloys rely on a surface oxide layer for corrosion resistance to the oral environment. Porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) firing procedures may alter the surface oxides and corrosion properties of these alloys. Changes in alloy corrosion behavior affect metal ion release and therefore local and/or systemic tissue responses. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in alloy surface oxides and electrochemical corrosion properties after PFM firing. MATERIAL AND METHODS The electrochemical corrosion behavior of 6 commercial nickel-chromium alloys was evaluated in the as-cast/polished and PFM fired/repolished states. Surface chemistries of the alloys were analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. RESULTS Results indicated an increase in corrosion rates after PFM firing and repolishing for alloys containing 14% to 22% Cr and 9% to 17% Mo. This increase in corrosion rates was attributed to a decrease, caused by the PFM and repolishing process, in the Cr and Mo levels in the surface oxides of these alloys. The PFM firing and repolishing process did not alter the corrosion behavior of the alloys containing lower levels of Cr and Mo and/or Be additions in their bulk composition. These alloys exhibited low levels of Cr and Mo surface oxides in both test conditions. Si particles became embedded in the surfaces of the fired alloys during repolishing and may have contributed to the changes in surface oxides and the corrosion behavior of some alloys. CONCLUSION The effects of PFM firing and repolishing on Ni-Cr dental casting alloy surface oxides and corrosion properties appear to be alloy dependent.
Evaluation of prognostic factors and survival results in gastric carcinoma: single center experience from Northeast Turkey.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prognostic factors affecting overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and survival among patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced gastric carcinoma. METHODS Between January 2001 and May 2014, 257 patients who presented to our clinic with a diagnosis of stage I-IIIC gastric cancer were evaluated. The male/female ratio of the cases was 2.02:1 and the median age was 55.16±11.8 (20-80) years. Four of the cases (1.6%) were stage IA, 13 (5.1%) were stage 1B, 41 (16%) were stage IIA, 40 (15.6%) were stage IIB, 50 (19.5%) were stage IIIA, 51 (19.8%) were stage IIIB, and 58 (22.6%) were stage IIIC. RESULTS The mean follow-up time was 22.5 months (3.3-155.0); loco-regional recurrence was noted in 34 (13.2%) patients who underwent postoperative chemoradiotherapy, and metastases were observed in 108 (42%) patients. The median OS duration was 26.7 months (95% confidence interval, 20-33.5) and the 2-, 5-, and 10-year OS was 52.8% (standard error [S.E.] 0.032), 36.1% (S.E. 0.032), and 26.9% (S.E. 0.034) respectively. The median DFS was 53.7 months and the 2-, 5-, and 10-year DFS were 58.9% (S.E. 0.034), 47.4% (S.E. 0.037), and 40.7% (S.E. 0.042), respectively. In multivariate analysis of prognostic factors, advanced T stage (p<0.0001), advanced nodal stage (p=0.001), and surgical margin status (p<0.0001) were related to decreased OS and DFS. CONCLUSION R1 resection, advanced T stage, and advanced nodal stage were adverse prognostic factors in gastric cancer patients who had undergone CRT after the operation.