Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immediate‐early gene response to methamphetamine, haloperidol, and quinolinic acid is not impaired in Huntington's disease transgenic mice

Striatal neurons in symptomatic Huntington's disease (HD) transgenic mice are resistant to a variety of toxic insults, including quinolinic acid (QA), kainic acid and 3‐nitropropionic acid. The basis for this resistance is currently unknown. To investigate the possibility that the immediate‐early gene (IEG) response is defective in symptomatic HD mice leading to a lack of response to these compounds, we examined the expression of c‐Fos and Krox 24 after administration of the indirect dopamine agonist methamphetamine, the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol and the neurotoxin QA in 5‐ and 10‐week‐old R6/2 transgenic HD and wild‐type mice. Unlike wild‐type and pre‐symptomatic R6/2 transgenic HD mice, 10‐week‐old symptomatic HD mice were resistant to methamphetamine‐induced gliosis and QA lesion. There was, however, no difference in the number or distribution of c‐Fos‐immunoreactive nuclei 2 hr after single injections of methamphetamine or haloperidol among 5‐ and 10‐week‐old wild‐type mice and 5‐ and 10‐week‐old R6/2 HD mice. Similarly, despite their resistance to QA‐induced lesioning and lower basal levels of krox‐24 mRNA, the symptomatic R6/2 mice had equivalent increases in the amount of c‐fos and krox‐24 mRNA compared to wild‐type and pre‐symptomatic R6/2 HD mice as determined by in situ hybridization and densitometry 2 hr after QA administration. These data demonstrate that the c‐Fos and Krox 24 IEG response to dopamine agonists, dopamine antagonists and neurotoxic insult is functional in symptomatic R6/2 HD mice. Resistance to toxic insult in R6/2 mice may be conferred by interactions of mutant huntingtin with proteins or transcriptional processes further along the toxic cascade. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Location choice, management and performance of international R&D investments in peripheral economies

Corporate R&D, one of the most shielded and centralised activities in the value chain, has recently experienced rapid internationalisation. However, academic writing has primarily concentrated on investments within 'core', i.e. triad, countries. The question to what extent firms invest in R&D in non-triad economies remains fairly uncharted territory. This paper provides insights regarding the type as well as the management of non-triad R&D laboratories by building on survey data from 49 leading German MNCs. We shed light on the motivations and pace of R&D investments and reveal that the mechanisms used in 'peripheral' countries considerably differ from 'core' country laboratories.
Induction of helper and suppressor T cells by nonoverlapping determinants on the large protein antigen, β‐galactosidase

The fine specificity of the T cell repertoire directed against T helper (Th)‐inducing and T suppressor (Ts)‐inducing determinants was examined with cyanogen bromide and tryptic peptides of Escherichia coli β‐galactosidase (GZ), a large tetrameric protein (monomer molecular weight = 116 kDa). Immunization with cyanogen bromide fragment 2 [CB‐2, amino acids (a.a.) 3‐92] induced both specific Th and Ts cells. Study of the induction of these functionally opposite T cell subpopulations with tryptic peptides of CB‐2 indicated that Th and Ts were activated by separate, nonoverlapping determinants. Th‐inducing activity resided in a nonapeptide, T6 (a.a. 44‐52), whereas T4 (a.a. 27‐37) induced Ts cells. The presence of distinct helper and suppressor determinants suggests that the specificity repertoire in these T cell sub‐populations may differ, perhaps owing to the expression of antigen‐recognizing receptors that are coded by unique gene families. Alternatively, antigen presentation structures may be physicochemically quite different, and bind to distinct parts of the peptide antigen. — Krzych, U. ; Fowler, A. V. ; Miller, A. ; Sercarz, E. E. Induction of helper and suppressor T cells by nonoverlapping determinants on the large protein antigen, β‐galactosidase. FASEB J. 2: 141‐145; 1988.
Dietary fibre and serum-lipids.

Abstract The effect of altering the fibre content Summary of the diet on the serum triglycerides and total cholesterol concentration of a community of Cistercian monks has been studied. An enhanced cereal-fibre content of the diet had no effect on serum-cholesterol. In the control group, whose dietary fibre came entirely from non-cereal vegetables, the serum-cholesterol fell, but began to increase after eight weeks. Serum-triglyceride concentrations were only affected in younger men.
An Explanation of Momentum in Canadian Stocks

This paper examines the drivers of momentum in Canadian stocks. We find that momentum is negatively related to book-to-market and analyst coverage, whereas size appears to play no role in explaining the momentum effect. We further document that analyst coverage is more important than book-to-market in explaining momentum. In contrast to prior research, we find only partial support for the Fama and French (1998) book-to-market argument in that most of the continuation effect is explained by low book-to-market stocks.
Bronchoalveolar lavage cellular composition in acute asthma and acute bronchiolitis.

OBJECTIVE To compare cellular inflammation in the airways between acute bronchiolitis and asthma. STUDY DESIGN Using a bronchoalveolar lavage with flexible bronchoscopy procedure, we investigated the cellular constituents of BAL fluid in children with acute exacerbation of asthma (n = 18) and infants with acute bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (n = 20). These results were compared with those of healthy control subjects (n = 14). RESULTS Total lavage fluid recovered was similar in all groups. The total cell numbers were highest in the bronchiolitis group. The BAL cellular profile in the asthma group was characterized by a higher median (interquartile range) ratio of eosinophils (2.4% [1.6%-9.5%]; P <.01) than in the bronchiolitis group (0% [0%-0%]) or the control group (0% [0%-0%]). Neutrophil ratio was higher in the bronchiolitis group (40.0% [26.5%-50.0%]; P <.01), with no difference found between the asthma group (3.3% [2.0%-7.9%]) and the control group (2.0% [0.8%-5.5%]). CONCLUSIONS Asthma and acute bronchiolitis are characterized by an elevated cellular percentage of eosinophils and neutrophils, respectively, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
Clinical practice. Suspected appendicitis.

From the Departments of Radiology (E.K.P.) and Surgery (M.F.K., T.N.P.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C. Address reprint requests to Dr. Paulson at the Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, or at pauls003@mc.duke. edu. An otherwise healthy 22-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain of 18 hours’ duration in the right lower quadrant. On physical examination, she is afebrile, with tenderness on deep palpation in the right lower quadrant, and has no peritoneal signs. Pelvic examination reveals tenderness in the right adnexa without a mass. How should this patient be further evaluated?
Neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties of GDNF

Glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes recovery of the injured nigrostriatal dopamine system and improves motor functions in both rodent and nonhuman primate models of Parkinson's disease (PD). The neurorestorative effects of a single administration of GDNF last for at least 1 month and can be maintained in rhesus monkeys by monthly injections. Adult midbrain dopamine neurons stimulated by GDNF show increased cell size, neurite extent, and expression of phenotypic markers. In parkinsonian nonhuman primates, GDNF treatment improves three of the cardinal features of PD: bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. Although intracerebral administration is necessary because of the blood‐brain barrier, intraventricular, intrastriatal, and intranigral routes of administration have been found to be efficacious in rodents and nonhuman primates. GDNF also induces neuroprotective changes in dopamine neurons which are active within hours after trophic factor administration. The powerful neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties of GDNF seen in preclinical studies suggest that trophic factors may play an important role in treating PD.
Update: evidence of a broad histamine footprint on the human exercise transcriptome

Steven A. Romero, Austin D. Hocker, Joshua E. Mangum, Meredith J. Luttrell, Douglas W. Turnbull, Adam J. Struck, Matthew R. Ely, Dylan C. Sieck, Hans C. Dreyer and John R. Halliwill Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 974031240, USA Genomics Core, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1240, USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1240, USA
Continuous-Time Option Games Part 2 : Oligopoly , War of Attrition and Bargaining under Uncertainty First

This sequel paper analyzes other selected methodologies and applications from the theory of continuous-time (real) option games – the combination of real options and game theory. In the first paper (Dias & Teixeira, 2003), we analyzed preemption and collusion models of duopoly under uncertainty. In this second paper we focus on models of oligopoly under uncertainty, war of attrition under uncertainty, and the changing the war of attrition game toward a bargaining game. In the oligopoly model we follow Grenadier (2002), discussing two important methodological insights that simplify many option games applications: the Leahy’s principle of optimality of myopic behavior and the "artificial" perfectly competitive industry with a modified demand function. We discuss both the potential and the limitations of these insights. Next, we extend to the continuous-time framework the option game model presented in Dias (1997), a war of attrition under uncertainty applied to oil exploration prospects. In this model of positive externality the follower acts as free rider receiving additional information revealed by the leader’s drilling outcome. The way to model the information revelation in oil exploration is another extension of the original option game model. In addition, we analyzed the possibility of changing the game with the oil firms playing the bargaining game be perfect Nash equilibrium. Cooperation can increase the value of the firms thanks to additional private information revelation provided by a contract. We quantify the degree of information revelation with the convenient learning measure named expected variance reduction. The bargaining game strategy must be compared mainly with the follower strategy in asymmetric war of attrition. We set the game threshold window where the bargaining alternative dominates any war of attrition outcome. We also show that the option game premium can be much higher than the traditional real option premium in either war of attrition or bargaining game. This is generally the opposite of the oligopoly under uncertainty case, when the option game premium is lower than the traditional option premium, is zero in the oligopoly limit of infinite firms, and can be even negative in special preemption cases.
Antibacterial Activity of Red Bell Pepper against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ground Beef

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of red bell pepper on the survival and growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef. Four different strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (944, E0019, F4546, and Cider) were used in this study. Each strain was inoculated into 100g of ground beef to reach the initial inoculum level of approximately 3 log CFU/g. The inoculated ground beef was then mixed with red bell pepper, at the level of 5 % (W/W). Ground beef samples without treatment were used as controls. Samples were stored at 37 °C, collected at 0 and 8 h, stomached for 120 seconds, serially diluted, and plated onto BHI agar plates. Plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hrs. Results showed that red bell pepper extract had a significant antibacterial activity against all 4 strains in ground beef. The red bell pepper extract reduced the population of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by approximately 1.2 log CFU/g in an average compared to the control sample. Our result suggests that red pepper could be used as an effective preservative against this pathogen in ground beef.
Computational Analyses of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA, C22:6, n-3) with Alzheimer’s Disease-Causing Amyloid Peptide A β 1-42 Reassures Its Therapeutic Utility

The accumulation of amyloid β peptide1-42 (Aβ1-42) masses in the brains of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients is associated with neuronal loss and memory deficits. We have previously reported that oral administration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6, n-3) significantly decreases Aβ burden in the brains of AD model rats and that direct in vitro incubation of DHA with Aβ1-42 curbs the progression of amyloid fibrillation. In the present in silico study, we investigated whether DHA computationally binds with amyloid peptides. The NMR solution structures of Aβ1-42 were downloaded from the Protein Data Bank (PDB IDs: 1Z0Q and 2BEG). The binding of DHA to Aβ peptides was assessed by molecular docking using both a flexible and rigid docking system. Thioflavin T (ThT) was used as positive control. The chemical structures of ThT and DHA were modeled and converted to the PDB format using PRODRUG. Drug-like properties of DHA were evaluated by ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion). DHA was found to successfully dock with Aβ1-42. Computational analyses of the binding of DHA to Aβ1-42, as evaluated by docking studies, further corroborated the inhibitory effect of DHA on in vitro Aβ1-42 fibrillogenesis and might explain the in vivo reduction of amyloid burden observed in the brains of DHA-administered AD model rats demonstrated in our previous study. These computational data suggest the potential utility of DHA as a preventive medication in Aβ-induced neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
A Magnetic Flower State-Based Memory Cell

In an elliptical magnetic dot two vortices and a flower state configuration can be accommodated at remanence. We show that a two-fold degeneracy in the position of the flower state can be geometrically introduced and exploited for solid state data storage. Switching between two, energetically-equivalent, magnetic configurations is obtained by injecting a perpendicular electric current. Switching currents of the order of ~105 A/cm2 and high thermal stability are demonstrated by micromagnetic simulations. This system can be used as a bit-cell for magnetic solid state data storage. The low value of the switching current and the high thermal stability allow direct integration with the current complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology.
Hospital delay in South Asian patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the UK

Background: South Asians presenting with chest pain in the UK experience disproportionately greater delays with respect to diagnosis and treatment for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The duration of time between symptom onset and hospital intervention is a critical delay for AMI but there are limited data amongst South Asians. The objectives of this study were to investigate ethnic differences in hospital delay and to look at short-term outcomes in South Asian and White patients presenting with AMI. Methods: Between 2004 and 2009, data were collected from 672 AMI patients with ST elevation who subsequently received percutaneous coronary intervention at Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (UK). The hospital delay between the onset of symptoms and arrival time (pre-hospital), and between arrival time and intervention (post-hospital) was calculated. Results: South Asians were more likely to be in the upper tertile of hospital delay (pre-hospital odds ratio, OR, 1.44, 95% CI 0.93–2.24, p = 0.06; post-hospital OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.05–3.21, p = 0.015), contributing to an overall hospital delay that was longer (median 314, interquartile range, IQR, 195–679 min) than in Whites (median 240, IQR 182–468 min). Women were more likely to be in the upper tertile for pre-hospital delay than men (p = 0.01) and South Asian ethnicity was an independent predictor of post-hospital delay (p = 0.003). Conclusions: While the reasons for ethnic differences in AMI-related hospital delay are likely to be multifactorial and complex, there is an urgent need to promote change in both the South Asian patient (delays in arrival) and their treatment (delays in intervention).
Preparing for Safety Monitoring After Rotavirus Vaccine Implementation: A Retrospective Review of Intussusception Cases among Children at a Large Teaching Hospital in Rwanda, 2009–2012

Background: In some settings, rotavirus vaccines have been associated with a small risk of intussusception. This study describes the demographics, clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with intussusception in Rwanda before vaccine introduction in May 2012. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data on pediatric patients treated for intussusception at University Teaching Hospital of Kigali from January 2009 to June 2012. Hospital registries were reviewed to identify intussusception cases. Archived patient files were abstracted to collect data on demographics, clinical presentation, surgery and outcome. Results: During the study period, 70 children ⩽19 years of age were treated for intussusception and patient files were retrieved for 60 (86%) cases. Over half of patients (58%) were <1 year of age and 90% were transferred from a district hospital. Only 30% of patients presented within 3 days of symptom onset and 35% experienced a delay of ≥6 hours between surgical review and surgery. Surgical complications were experienced by 35% of children. Over 1 quarter (28%) of children died. Compared with children who survived, children who died were significantly more likely to have experienced complications (21% vs. 71%; P < 0.001) and to be female (28% vs. 65%; P = 0.009). Discussion: Mortality due to intussusception was high among Rwanda children. Delays in presentation and treatment were common. Assessing trends in the number of cases to monitor for vaccine-associated intussusception will be difficult. Additional work is needed to further understand risk factors for mortality, to calculate incidence rates and to monitor the safety of the rotavirus vaccination program.
Adult mouse dorsal root ganglia neurons in cell culture.

A method has been developed for the long-term culture of dissociated adult mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Of critical importance to the success of this technique was a three-hour incubation in collagenase which softened the DRG and permitted gentle dissociation. The morphological and electrophysiological features of the dissociated adult DRG were similar to those observed in previous studies of immature (i.e., embryonic and newborn) DRG in culture and also to those of adult DRG in situ. With regard to electrophysiological work, the adult DRG neurons are superior to embryonic and newborn neurons because of their larger size and greatly increased survival in culture (no degeneration for first six days, and thereafter a relatively slow decrease). The adult neurons regenerated nerve fibers to an extent comparable to that of immature neurons. Therefore, the adult DRG cultures might be useful to study factors influencing regeneration in the adult mammalian nervous system. The adult cultures might also be useful to investigated factors influencing the aging process.
Tumour‐promoting activity of altered WWP1 expression in breast cancer and its utility as a prognostic indicator

WWP1 is a ubiquitin ligase, associated with the post‐translational regulation of several tumour‐promoting and tumour suppressor proteins. Here we show that WWP1 expression is up‐regulated in a subset of breast tumour cell lines and primary breast tumours. We overexpressed WWP1 in MCF10A breast epithelial cells and demonstrated increased cell growth and anchorage‐independent colony formation. RNAi knockdown of WWP1 expression in T47D and MCF7 breast tumour cell lines reduced anchorage‐independent colony formation. We used WWP1 protein expression levels, in combination with its sub‐cellular localization, to classify breast tumours into four categories. Surprisingly, a category with low/absent WWP1 expression displayed a consistently worse prognosis compared with WWP1‐expressing tumours. Importantly, the association with disease‐free survival was independent of the status of other commonly used prognostic indicators. Thus, WWP1 is a prognostic marker and may be a potential therapeutic target for a subset of breast tumours. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical growth and development of urban and rural East African children, aged 7-16 years.

SummaryLongitudinal data on the growth and development of African boys and girls attending an urban primary school in Dar es Salaam during the years 1966–1971 together with cross-sectional height and weight data of children aged 7–15 years attending urban and rural schools in Tanzania are presented. No significant differences were found between the two groups and standards of height and weight, skinfold thickness and arm circumference are given. The data suggest that though East African children are smaller and lighter than European children, their shape (i.e. weight for height) and the ages at which peak height and weight increase are attained, are approximately the same. The data may form a basis for assessing the present state of growth and physique in Tanzania, but for the future more general standards will be required and some attempt should be made to investigate the possibility of using indices of muscle mass which are more pertinent to the physiological development of the child.
The Predictive Power of Combined Neuropsychological Measures for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children

The present study explores the predictive power of seven neuropsychological assessment tools used in combination in classifying children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Twenty-one ADHD boys and 22 community control children participated. Group differences were significant on the continuous performance test only; however, battery analysis did increase overall predictive power, which was moderate. This study highlights the difficulty in identifying consistent mean differences on tests of frontal/executive functioning across studies, as well as the need to assess the predictive validity of these tests in classifying children with ADHD. The study suggests that these tests may provide greater predictive validity when used in combination. Inconsistencies in the literature are discussed, with consideration of research methodology, the heterogeneity of the ADHD population, and comorbid diagnoses.