Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progress in observations and simulations of global change in the upper atmosphere

[1] Anthropogenic increases of greenhouse gases warm the troposphere but have a cooling effect in the middle and upper atmosphere. The steady increase of CO2 is the dominant cause of upper atmosphere trends; other drivers are long-term changes of radiatively active trace gases such as CH4, O3, and H2O, secular change of solar and geomagnetic activity, and evolution of the Earth's magnetic field. Observational and model studies have confirmed that in the past several decades, global cooling has occurred in the mesosphere and thermosphere; the cooling and contraction of the upper atmosphere has lowered the ionosphere and increased electron density in the E and F1 regions. Trends of other parameters, including the F2 region, mesospheric clouds, and mesopause wave activity, have been more controversial. Modeling investigations have demonstrated that both greenhouse gas forcing and secular change of the Earth's magnetic field can cause regional, diurnal, and seasonal variability of trends in F2 region density and height, which may contribute to discrepancies regarding ionospheric trends. Recent studies also may have reconciled discrepancies between space-based and ground-based observations of mesospheric clouds: both types of observations do not find statistically significant trends in the ∼54°N–∼64°N latitude region, but space-based observations indicate that clouds may be increasing in frequency at higher latitude. Limited observational studies have suggested possible trends in wave activity. Changes in atmospheric dynamics, both as a consequence of global change in the lower and middle atmosphere and as a possible driver of trends in the upper atmosphere, is one of the critical open questions regarding trends in the upper atmosphere and ionosphere.
THE IMPACT OF HOUSEHOLD-LEVEL DETERMINANTS OF CHILD HEALTH AND NUTRITION: CROSS-COUNTRY EVIDENCE FROM WEST AFRICA

Poor child health and nutrition persist throughout West Africa. This research analyzes the impact of key economic variables, including income, education and background characteristics, on child health and nutrition across nine different countries. The results are interpreted in the context of differing levels of economic development among these nations. The findings do not show wealth and parental education to be robust across the sample, but maternal background characteristics have a positive, statistically significant and highly consistent effect across all the countries. The importance of mothers' height does not simply represent a genetic influence, but can be interpreted to signify that women with a healthier upbringing, and hence taller, have healthier children, ceteris parabus. This finding is consistent with long run observations that increases in health (and height) coincide with economic development.
Influence of Slope Position and Hog Manure Injection on Fall Soil P and N Distribution in an Undulating Landscape

Investigation of how soil nutrients are distributed over the landscape in the fall is a prerequisite to identify critical source areas (CSA), which contribute soil nutrients to surface waters through snowmelt runoff. The objectives of this study are to investigate: (1) the distribution of soil nutrients in the landscape before soil freeze-up, and (2) how manure application in the fall affects this distribution. The study site, located in an undulating landscape in the Canadian prairies, is a closed drainage basin with moderate to fine textured soil. The basin received hog manure in fall 2001 and fall 2003. The landscape was classified into the shoulder, backslope, and footslope using a digital elevation model (DEM). Soil samples, collected from each landform segment in fall 2003 and fall 2004, were analyzed for available soil phosphorus (ASP), nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+). In the undulating landscape, ASP levels had a distribution pattern of backslope < shoulder < footslope in fall 2003. The NO3- levels increased from the shoulder to the footslope. The NH4+ levels did not vary between the shoulder and the backslope, while the footslope had significantly higher NH4+ than the other two landform segments. Manure application appeared to change these distribution patterns of ASP, NO3-, and NH4+ temporally. However, one year after manure application, the manure effect was only seen for ASP. The soil moisture level at the footslope was significantly different from that of the other landform segments in fall 2004. The shoulder and backslope were homogeneous in terms of soil moisture for both fall seasons.
Macroeconomic Effects on D.J.S.I. - World Returns

One of the best known and highly regarded Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) indexes is the Dow Jones Sustainability Index World (D.J.S.I.-World). By using the model of Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH), the relation between D.J.S.I. -World returns to 10 year bond returns and Yen/U.S. dollar exchange rate is investigated. Research results show that 10 year bond value affects positively the value of D.J.S.I. -World. However, there is a negative relation between Yen/U.S. dollar exchange rate and D.J.S.I. -World with a month delay. According to our results, the total return of D.J.S.I. -World is affected by such macroeconomic factors as the value of 10 year bond, the Yen/U.S. dollar exchange rate and the general economic environment. In this way, investors can understand better the function of SRI market. Additionally, a new channel of information is created and better evaluation of D.J.S.I. -World is enabled
Emergence of the nematic electronic state in FeSe

We present a comprehensive study of the evolution of the nematic electronic structure of FeSe using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), quantum oscillations in the normal state, and elastoresistance measurements. Our high-resolution ARPES allows us to track the Fermi surface deformation from fourfold to twofold symmetry across the structural transition at ∼87K, which is stabilized as a result of the dramatic splitting of bands associated with dxz and dyz character in the presence of strong electronic interactions. The low-temperature Fermi surface is that of a compensated metal consisting of one hole and two electron bands and is fully determined by combining the knowledge from ARPES and quantum oscillations. A manifestation of the nematic state is the significant increase in the nematic susceptibility approaching the structural transition that we detect from our elastoresistance measurements on FeSe. The dramatic changes in electronic structure cannot be explained by the small lattice distortion and, in the absence of magnetic fluctuations above the structural transition, point clearly towards an electronically driven transition in FeSe, stabilized by orbital-charge ordering.
A Study of the Influence of Instructional Innovation on Learning Satisfaction and Study Achievement

The purpose of this research is to discuss the relationship among instructional innovation, learning satisfaction, and study achievement in technological and vocational colleges (TVC) in Taiwan. The students of TVC in Taiwan were the subjects of this study while Stratified Sampling and SEM were used to analyze the data collected. The results showed that: (1) teaching innovation has a significant and positive influence on learning satisfaction; (2) teaching innovation also has a significant positive influence on students' study achievement; (3) learning satisfaction and study achievement were interrelated, with a positive correlation existing between them.
Quantifying the Threat of Unsuppressed Wildfires Reaching the Adjacent Wildland-Urban Interface on the Bridger-Teton National Forest, Wyoming, USA

An important objective for many federal land management agencies is to restore fire to ecosystems that have experienced fire suppression or exclusion over the last century. Managing wildfires for resource objectives (i.e., allowing wildfires to burn in the absence of suppression) is an important tool for restoring such fire-adapted ecosystems. To support management decisions that allow wildfires to burn unsuppressed, land managers need a quantitative assessment of the potential for such wildfires to reach nearby fire-susceptible resources and assets. We established a study area on a portion of the Bridger-Teton National Forest near Jackson, Wyoming, USA, where land managers wish to restore fire by managing wildfires, but are concerned about the threat to residential buildings. We modeled the ignition and unsuppressed growth of wildfires starting in a remote portion of the study area using FSim, a fire occurrence, growth, and suppression simulation model. We then characterized annual area burned and the likelihood that wildfires would reach a nearby wildland-urban interface (WUI) defense zone. Early-season fires burned longer and grew larger than late-season fires, and thus had a higher likelihood of reaching the WUI zone (3 % of May fires compared to 0.1 % of October fires). Because fire managers do not anticipate managing all fire starts for resource objectives, we applied a simple rule set termed “RO rules,” indicating the fraction of starts by month to be managed for resource objectives. This reduced the expected number of fires reaching the WUI zone by 70 %, and the expected WUI zone area burned by 61 %. From 1990 to 2009, a mean of 207 ha yr−1 had been burned by wildfires starting in the remote portion of the study area. By contrast, we estimated that 14 431 ha yr−1 could burn if no fire starts were suppressed, and 4861 ha yr−1 after applying the RO rules. Our analysis approach can be extended to determine which parts of the landscape are most likely to produce fires that reach specific targets on the landscape.
Li intercalation at graphene/hexagonal boron nitride interfaces

Intercalation of Li in graphite and other layered structures is of interest for highly efficient energy storage devices. In this work, we determine the extent to which Li intercalates at the different interfaces formed between graphene (G) and hexagonal boron-nitride (hBN) heterostructures. We use ab-initio calculations to explore in detail the position of the dispersed Li atoms, changes in the structure at the interfaces, energetic stability of the configurations, and the corresponding electronic structure with varying concentrations of the intercalant. We trace the origin of the energetic stability and maximum concentration of Li that intercalates into various layered structures to the ability of the interface to accept electrons. Our calculations indicate that Li intercalates easiest at G/G interfaces, followed by interfaces between G/hBN, whereas Li cannot intercalate in hBN/hBN interfaces. Our results provide a framework for the design of experimental setups with optimal Li intercalation, and reveal the implications of intercalation on the dielectric properties of these materials and their possible application in plasmonics. PACS numbers: 73.22. -f, 74.78. Fk, 74.62. Dh
Nanoparticles in early-stage embryos 93 via the blood of small rodents to many kinds of tissues even in the placenta and fetus

Engineered nanoparticles will increase dramatically in the near future as a result of their widespread use for consumer and industrial products. There is a growing support for the idea that adverse pregnancy outcomes may result from maternal exposure to airborne pollution (Ritz and Wilhelm, 2007). Some studies have suggested that growth in PM 2.5 levels and PM 2.5 absorbance was associated with decrease of the birth weight (Slama et al., 2007). Traffic-related air pollutants may lead to low birth weight as well. A consistent relationship between maternal exposure to fine particles in early gestation and intrauterine growth retardation has been observed in Teplice, a highly polluted district of northern Bohemia (Dejmek et al., 1999). In the past decade, many animal experiments have been done for cigarette smoke testing (Coggins et al., 1993; Witschi and Rajini, 1994; Pinkerton et al., 1996; Wong et al., 1997). Those experimental results on maternal smoking and adverse births support the role of ambient air pollution upon pregnancy. Moreover, it has been confirmed that ultrafine particles (PM < 0.1 μm) can penetrate the innermost region of the lungs, and a fraction of them can cross the lung epithelium and enter the blood circulation (Kreyling et al., 2002). Following the development of nanotechnology, size of nanoparticles can now be controlled and employed to produce accurate results for animal and in vitro experiments (Tian et al. 2006; Cui et al. 2005; Oberdörster et al. 2007). Recently, we have found that nanoparticles sized 1.4 nm and 18 nm can be translocated
Separation Management: Automation Reliability Meta-Analysis and Conflict Probe Reliability Analysis

The purpose of this study is to establish whether a valid performance criterion exists to determine the acceptability of the En Route Automation Modernization (ERAM) Conflict Probe’s conflict-detection accuracy and to evaluate observed accuracy against this criterion. The Conflict Probe can exhibit very high or very low accuracy depending on the analysis technique. It is necessary to establish both an empirically backed criterion for accuracy and the appropriate accuracy analyses and metrics. A meta-analysis was conducted on Human Factors automation reliability literature; an additional analysis was done on the results of probe reliability studies by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Concept Analysis branch to derive various accuracy metrics. The results were compared to determine the acceptability of the conflict probe accuracy. The meta-analysis produced an estimated criterion of 65% correct responses for automation to improve performance, but this estimate is subject to a broad confidence interval due to variability in the source data from the literature. The probe performance exceeded the 65% value when giving credit for all correct rejections, but it fell short when not giving credit for correct rejections. Another metric, Positive Predictive Value (PPV, the percent of alerts that are valid), is operationally meaningful and its values demonstrated large accuracy improvements over baseline with the FAA Concept Analysis’ parametric adjustments, but a PPV cutoff criterion could not be established from the meta-analysis. The present results provide insight on several fronts, but operational input is essential to determine (1) a more justifiable air traffic control-specific accuracy criterion and (2) which aircraft encounters are appropriate to include in a test set for accuracy assessment. Automation responses should only increase the value of an accuracy metric to the extent that the responses add informational value for the controller. The present results will be used in the design of an evaluation to derive a set of operationally meaningful aircraft encounters. Different measures of accuracy, such as PPV, also merit further exploration.
Colonization and lignin decomposition of pine needle litter by Lophodermium pinastri

Summary The colonization and lignin decomposition of pine (Pinus thunbergii and Pinus densiflora) needle litter by an endophytic fungus, Lophodermium pinastri, was examined with field observations, a field experiment and laboratory experiments. In pine needles collected from the field, needle mass per length and lignin content were lower in needle portions bearing Lophodermium fruiting bodies than in the remaining needle portions, whereas total carbohydrate content was not different between them. Total and live hyphal lengths were greater in needle portions bearing Lophodermium fruiting bodies than in the remaining needle portions. Lophodermium fruiting bodies were not formed on sterilized needles after a 6-month incubation on the forest floor, whereas they formed on 20% of non-sterilized needles, indicating that this fungus can only colonize live needles on the branch. In pure culture decomposition tests, mass loss of lignin was detected for several isolates of L. pinastri, but was variable among isolates and between the needles of two pine species. A comparison of the rDNA-internal transcribed spacer sequences between L. pinastri isolates of P. thunbergii and P. densiflora indicated that the two groups were phylogenetically separated. This study is the first to show that L. pinastri has the ability to decompose lignin in dead pine needles.
CTCCACTGCT TATGGCGGCTGAGGAAG TCAAACTGTGG GTGCCAACCTGGATGAGC TATGGCAACGA GGTCACTGGCATTGGTCAC GATCCACGAAGCC TGGTCTTTCCAGTGAGTATGAGCC GTTATGCCCTGCC TGAAGGAGTAACCGCGCTCTGT GGACGCACACTG GCAGACGGGCATAGCACTTG AGCCTAACAT TACCTCCAGACAGCACGG CCATAGCCCACA GTGGCTGGCACGAGTTTGA AGCCTTCATT GCGATGAATAGGGAAAGCA GGTG

Abbreviations: ATPase 6, ATP synthase 6; COX, Cyto synthase; CYTB, Cytochrome b; D-loop, Displacement loop tor 1α; mtDNA,Mitochondrial DNA;MDA,Malondialdehy subunit 6; ND2, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2; ND4L, N Nuclear respiratory factor 1; PGC1α, Peroxisome prolifer coactivator-1-α; PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator-activat RNA; SOD, Superoxide dismutase activity; 5mC, 5Hydroxydeoxyguanosine. ⁎ Corresponding author at: The Key Laboratory of Mar China), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR Ch E-mail address: qhai@ouc.edu. cn (Q. Ai).
Ionized and neutral gas in the peculiar star/cluster complex in NGC 6946

The characteristics of ionized and H I gas in the peculiar star/cluster complex in NGC 6946, obtained with the 6-m telescope (BTA) Special Astrophysical Observatory Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), the Gemini North telescope, and the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, are presented. The complex is unusual as hosting a super star cluster, the most massive known in an apparently non-interacting giant galaxy. It contains a number of smaller clusters and is bordered by a sharp C-shaped rim. We found that the complex is additionally unusual in having peculiar gas kinematics. The velocity field of the ionized gas reveals a deep oval minimum, similar to 300 pc in size, centred 7 arcsec east of the supercluster. The V-r of the ionized gas in the dip centre is 100 km s(-1) lower than in its surroundings, and emission lines within the dip appear to be shock-excited. This dip is near the centre of an H I hole and a semi-ring of H II regions. The H I (and less certainly, H II) velocity fields reveal expansion, with the velocity reaching similar to 30 km s(-1) at a distance about 300 pc from the centre of expansion, which is near the deep minimum position. The superstar cluster is at the western rim of the minimum. The sharp western rim of the whole complex is plausibly a manifestation of a regular dust arc along the complex edge. Different hypotheses about the complex and the V-r depression's origins are discussed, including a high-velocity H I cloud/dark minihalo impact, a blue compact dwarf galaxy merging, and a gas outflow due to release of energy from the supercluster stars.
Improving upper limb motor function after stroke with neurofeedback training of functional connectivity

Cognitive and motor performances are correlated with synchronized activity in functionally connected areas of the brain at resting state. This is measured by Functional Connectivity (FC). The nature of the link between FC and performance is still unclear. We proposed an approach that aimed to target FC with neurofeedback (NFB) and brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, based on a resting state network correlate of behavioral performance. We investigated the implication of FC on upper extremity motor function in chronic stroke patients in an alternate controlled cross-over study. DOGANCI, Naz. Improving upper limb motor function after stroke with neurofeedback training of functional connectivity. Maîtrise : Univ. Genève, 2017
AN INVESTIGATION OF FASTNESS AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF COTTON FABRIC COLOURED WITH WATER-SOLUBLE ZINC PHTHALOCYANINE CONTAINING AZO GROUPS

Arastirmanin temel amaci, azo gruplari iceren suda cozunebilen cinko ftalosiyanin (Azo-ZnPc) ile boyanmis pamuklu kumasin boyanma ozelliklerini, renk haslik degerlerini (isik, su, ter, klorlanmis su, surtme, yikama) ve antibakteriyel aktivitesini incelemektir. Bir ftalosiyanin (Pc) yapisinda ayni anda bulunan cinko metal iyonu ve azo gruplarinin pamuklu kumas uzerinde antibakteriyel etki saglayabilecegi dusunulmustur. Literatur arastirmasi, bu Azo-ZnPc yapisinin tekstil renklendirilmesinde bir boyarmadde olarak onceden kullanilmadigini gostermektedir. Bu sebeple, bu boyanin sentezi ve bazi ozelliklerinin incelenmesi degerli olabilir. Bu calismada ilk olarak, Azo-ZnPc sentezi gerceklestirilmis ve yapisi; FT-IR, UV/vis, kutle spektrumlari ve 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR calismalari ile dogrulanmistir. Daha sonra, bir katyonik yardimci madde ile modifiye edilmis pamuklu kumas, cektirme prosesiyle sodyum karbonat varliginda Azo-ZnPc ile boyanmistir. Son olarak, renk haslik degerleri ISO standartlarina gore belirlenmis ve renk verimi (K/S degerleri), L, a*, b*, C*, h* degerlerinin olcumleri elde edilmistir. Homojen bicimde yesil renge boyanan kumasin antibakteriyel ozellikleri AATCC 100 standartlarina gore incelenmistir. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ve Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) bakterilerinde, sirasiyla %99.99, %99.74 gibi, onemli derecede azalma gozlenmistir
An evaluation of the sexual differences in the accumulation of organochlorine 3 compounds in children at birth and at the age of four years 4 5

19 20 This study of the body burden and serum concentrations, of organochlorine compounds (OCs), 21 represents a general population in a cohort from Menorca Island (birth 1997-1998) of children at 22 birth and at four years of age; the study has shown that the concentrations of hexachlorobenzene 23 (HCB), 4,4’-DDE, 4,4’-DDT, polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) congeners #153, #138 and #180 and total 24 PCBs in sera collected at four years exhibit much higher values in breastfed children than in those 25 fed with formula, e.g. HCB 0.48 vs 0.21 ng/ml, β-HCH 0.32 vs 0.24 ng/ml, total DDTs 2.2 vs 0.57 26 ng/ml, total PCBs 1.4 vs 0.52 ng/ml, respectively. Comparison of gender differences in four years 27 old children shows higher concentrations of all examined OCs in females than in males with the 28 exception of HCB and PeCB in breastfed children which are higher in males than in females, e.g. β29 HCH 0.34 vs 0.28 ng/ml, total DDTs 2.6 vs 1.7 ng/ml, total PCBs 1.6 vs 1.0 ng/ml, respectively, for 30 breastfed children and e.g. β-HCH 0.23 vs 0.19 ng/ml, total DDTs 0.59 vs 0.48 ng/ml, total PCBs 31 0.58 vs 0.45 ng/ml, respectively, for formula fed children. Gender comparison of the body burden 32 between children fed with breast milk or formula also shows higher concentrations in females than 33 males, e.g. β-HCH 0.47 vs 0.35 μg, total DDTs 3.0 vs 1.8 μg, total PCBs 1.9 vs 1.2 μg, 34 respectively, for breastfed children, and β-HCH 0.39 vs 0.17 μg, total DDTs 0.48 vs 0.27 μg, total 35 PCBs 0.66 vs 0.55 μg, respectively, for formula fed children. The results may suggest a higher 36 capacity in female children for the retention of OC incorporated through breast feeding. However, 37 these results should be taken with caution because the differences of the gender averages have low 38 statistically significance when evaluated with the Student test. 39 40