Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Servant leadership in higher education : a case of academic leadership in a faith-based university in Indonesia

This thesis explores the implementation of academic servant leadership in a faith-based university in Indonesia. The exploration includes the academic leaders’ understanding on the concept and practise of servant leadership. Their perceptions are analysed in order to construct the theory of academic servant leadership in the HE sector. The case study method was chosen as the methodology since it is able to explain the academic servant leadership phenomena from the leaders’ perspective in their context. Data was collected from thirty higher education leaders who participated in a semi-structured interview. The analysis shows that servant leadership is driven by three motives: service, influence and improvement. The motives for servant leadership influence their characteristics which consist of spiritual, intrapersonal and relational characteristics. These concentric characteristics are then manifested into five servant leadership actions namely ‘pergumulan’, individual meetings, institutional meetings, dealing with conflicts and fostering collaborations. The researcher argues that academic servant leaders need to have a pure motive and strong character in order to enact their servant leadership. The manifestation of their characters into actions cannot be separated from three contextual matters at the case campus, namely hierarchical academic leadership, organisational changes and external challenges and opportunities.
Lytic sensitivity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 to lysozyme

The ability of both human and hen egg white lysozymes to lyse Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 was investigated. Lysis was followed optically at 540 nm by measuring the percent reduction in turbidity of freshly harvested log-phase cells suspended in Tris-maleate buffers within a wide range of pH (5.2 to 8.5) and molarity (0.01 to 0.2 M) and containing various amounts of enzyme and EDTA. In several instances, treated microorganisms were subsequently examined in thin sections by electron microscopy. Reductions in turbidity and clearing of suspensions occurred with small amounts of lysozyme (less than 1 microgram) under relatively alkaline conditions and at low ionic strength and in the presence of small amounts of EDTA (greater than 0.01 mM). Under the most alkaline conditions, EDTA alone effected turbidity reductions similar to those observed in the presence of lysozyme, which suggested that EDTA not only increased outer membrane permeability but also caused cell lysis. Ultrastructural analysis did not always correspond to turbidimetric observations. Cell lysis was virtually complete in suspensions containing both lysozyme and EDTA. However, in contrast to turbidimetric findings, a significant percentage of cells (greater than 25%) was lysed in the presence of lysozyme alone. Furthermore, significant damage occurred in the presence of EDTA alone. Spheroplast-like cell ghosts were present which surrounded condensed cytoplasm or relatively clear spaces. These findings further support the concept of the requirement for electron microscopy to assess lytic damage in addition to turbidimetric and biochemical methods. Our results are the first to demonstrate the remarkable sensitivity of A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 to lysozyme and to show that EDTA not only affects outer membrane permeability but effects cell lysis, possibly through activation of autolytic enzymes at the cytoplasmic membrane. The exquisite sensitivity of A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 to lysis could be an important mechanism by which lysozyme participates in the regulation of this suspected periodontal pathogen.
Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on the Inflamed Colonic Mucosa.

Selected inflammatory conditions of the distal alimentary tract may respond to topical SCFA treatment. The rationale for using SCFA enemas is based on Roediger's (1980) observation that butyrate is the preferred fuel of colonocytes and that SCFA deficiency could lead, in the short term, to mucosal hypoplasia and, in the long term, to colitis. The absence of luminal nutrients is especially evident in the excluded rectum after complete diversion of the faecal stream. Harig et al. (1989) were the first to treat successfully diversion colitis with SCFA irrigation (acetate 60 mM, propionate 30 mM, n-butyrate 40 mM). However, subsequent studies could not reproduce the initial positive data. In distal ulcerative colitis an impaired mucosal oxidation of SCFAs has been described despite their luminal abundance. Pilot studies using either the SCFA mixture or butyrate monotherapy have yielded promising results. However, extended confirmatory studies with a larger sample size have not yet been performed. Preliminary data are also available for the use of SCFA in pouchitis and radiation proctitis. In summary, SCFA topical therapy seems to be a promising option in distinct forms of inflammatory bowel disease; however, the routine use of SCFAs cannot be recommended until their efficacy has been confirmed in larger trials.
Paradox theory and the paradox of success

The study of paradox in strategy and organization studies has grown rapidly over the last 25 years. Paradox, as contradictory yet interrelated opposites that exist simultaneously and persist over time, can be qualified as a successful area of study. Yet success, however sweet, may come at a price, namely, premature convergence on theoretical concepts, overconfidence in dominant explanations, and institutionalizing labels that protect dominant logics. We discuss the risk of paradox theory being vulnerable to the paradox of success and focus on ways to avoid narrowness in theory building.
Tlx and Pax6 co-operate genetically to establish the pallio-subpallial boundary in the embryonic mouse telencephalon

We have examined the role of Tlx, an orphan nuclear receptor, in dorsal-ventral patterning of the mouse telencephalon. Tlx is expressed broadly in the ventricular zone, with the exception of the dorsomedial and ventromedial regions. The expression spans the pallio-subpallial boundary, which separates the dorsal (i.e. pallium) and ventral (i.e. subpallium) telencephalon. Despite being expressed on both sides of the pallio-subpallial boundary, Tlx homozygous mutants display alterations in the development of this boundary. These alterations include a dorsal shift in the expression limits of certain genes that abut at the pallio-subpallial boundary as well as the abnormal formation of the radial glial palisade that normally marks this boundary. The Tlx mutant phenotype is similar to, but less severe than, that seen in Small eye (i.e. Pax6) mutants. Interestingly, removal of one allele of Pax6 on the homozygous Tlx mutant background significantly worsens the phenotype. Thus Tlx and Pax6 cooperate genetically to regulate the establishment of the pallio-subpallial boundary. The patterning defects in the Tlx mutant telencephalon result in a loss of region-specific gene expression in the ventral-most pallial region. This correlates well with the malformation of the lateral and basolateral amygdala in Tlx mutants, both of which have been suggested to derive from ventral portions of the pallium.
Food allergy: a practical update from the gastroenterological viewpoint.

OBJECTIVE To present an up-to-date and critical review regarding food allergies, focusing mainly on treatment and prevention. SOURCES Review of published literature searched on MEDLINE database; those data which were the most up-to-date and representative were selected (2000-2006). The search included the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased over the last decades, and food allergy seems to be part of this increase. Food allergy is much more common in pediatrics and has a significant medical, financial and social impact on young children and their families. Treatment and prevention of food allergy is a major challenge for public health, scientific and medical communities. There is a lot of misinformation and the medical management of this condition is still discussable. We present and discuss the guidelines regarding criteria for the prevention of food allergy and atopic diseases published by the Nutrition Committees of ESPGHAN jointly with the European Society for Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology (ESPACI) and AAP. CONCLUSION The overdiagnosis of food allergy is quite prevalent. There is a need for standardization of definitions and diagnostic procedures. The primary goal of therapy should be to first establish effective means of preventing food allergies. There is a need for accurate diagnostic methods to confirm or rule out the diagnosis. Patients need appropriate treatment by eliminating foods that cause symptoms, while avoiding the nutritional side effects and the cost of inappropriate diets.
Inhibition of free fatty acids metabolism as a therapeutic target in patients with heart failure

Recent studies have evidenced that alterations of cardiac metabolism can be present in several cardiac syndromes. In heart failure, wasting of subcutaneous fat and skeletal muscle is relatively common and suggests an increased utilisation of non‐carbohydrate substrates for energy production. In fact, fasting blood ketone bodies as well as fat oxidation during exercise have been shown to be increased in patients with heart failure. This metabolic shift determines a reduction of myocardial oxygen consumption efficiency. A direct approach to manipulate cardiac energy metabolism consists in modifying substrate utilisation by the heart. To date, the most effective metabolic treatments include several pharmacological agents that directly inhibit fatty acid oxidation. Clinical studies have shown that these agents can substantially increase the ischaemic threshold in patients with effort angina. However, the results of current research is also supporting the concept that shifting the energy substrate preference away from fatty acid metabolism and towards glucose metabolism could be an effective adjunctive treatment in patients with heart failure, in terms of left ventricular function and glucose metabolism improvement. In fact, these agents have also been shown to improve overall glucose metabolism in diabetic patients with left ventricular dysfunction. In this paper, the recent literature on the beneficial therapeutic effects of modulation of cardiac metabolic substrates utilisation in patients with heart failure is reviewed and discussed.
The Impact of Social Media Influencers as an Advertising Source in the Beauty Industry from an Irish Female Millennials’ Perspective

Millennial females’ preference for advertising has changed in recent years, putting immense pressure on brands to consider new and innovative advertising sources. One of the most popular avenues today, particularly in the beauty industry, is influencer marketing. Because of its fledgling nature, literature related to this particular phenomenon is underdeveloped. Although celebrity endorsement has been studied extensively over the years, research on consumer beliefs and practices in relation to social media influencers, particularly in an Irish context, is limited. This has led to a gap in business knowledge. The main purpose of this study is to explore social media influencers as an advertising source for the beauty industry in Ireland, through the lens of female Millennial consumers. Emphasis is placed on this target audience’s assessment of social media influencers, providing insight in to their propensity for potential product placement, stealth marketing and photo editing. Seven in-depth interviews were conducted with female Millennial consumers, with a common interest in beauty and social media influencers. An interpretivist, inductive approach was used in this study, in an effort to capture a true reflection of female Millennial consumer views. Those views were interpreted using thematic coding. The findings of this research emphasised a need for brands to ensure the life of the social media influencer is portrayed similarly to that of Millennial consumers, to ensure relatability. Female Millennials acknowledged the practice but expressed their dissatisfaction with influencers editing published images. Millennials expressed this level of recognition for edited and non-edited images online was developed through their digital use and age. The strength of views relating to this topic warrant further investigation and therefore justify the need for further research of the topic.
Asenapine for the treatment of manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder: from clinical research to clinical practice

Introduction: Asenapine is a sublingually administered second-generation antipsychotic with proven efficacy for the treatment of moderate to severe manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults. Its relatively favorable weight and metabolic profile, as well as the lack of appreciable activity at muscarinic cholinergic receptors and the sublingual administration are of clinical interest. Areas covered: This paper comprises a review and commentary regarding the use of sublingual asenapine in the treatment of acute manic and mixed episodes of bipolar disorder. Basic principles in dosing, switching, management of side effects and co-administration with other medications are provided. Expert opinion: Asenapine displays quick and reliable effects on manic symptoms, very low risk of depressive switches, efficacy on depressive symptoms during manic and mixed episodes, usually good tolerability and continued longer-term efficacy on residual and subthreshold symptoms. The fast-dissolving sublingual route of administration may favor those who have difficulties in swallowing medications. Also, the sublingual administration reduces the risk of overdose when more than the prescribed tablets are swallowed. The relatively low metabolic risk and the lack of anticholinergic side effects contribute to making this medication a useful tool for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder.
Spectrum of Operative Treatments and Clinical Outcomes for Atraumatic Osteoarthritis of the Tarsometatarsal Joints

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify subtypes of atraumatic osteoarthritis of the tarsometatarsal joints based on accompanying foot deformities and to determine whether concurrent procedures done for each subtype were effective. Methods: The study included 59 patients (67 feet) with atraumatic tarsometatarsal joint osteoarthritis treated with tarsometatarsal fusion. The average patient age was 60.2 years with 40.6 months followup. Patients were evaluated with radiographs, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Midfoot Scale, the Foot Function Index, and the Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Results: Four main subtypes were identified based on associated foot deformities: pes planovalgus (27), hallux valgus (11), in-situ without deformities (eight), and rockerbottom (five). Plantar-medial closing-wedge resection was used to correct rockerbottom deformity. For pes planovalgus deformity, a medial sliding calcaneal osteotomy was done. Lateral column lengthening with medial sliding calcaneal osteotomy was done for tarsometatarsal osteoarthritis with severe pes planovalgus, and triple arthrodesis was done for rigid pes planovalgus. Tarsometatarsal osteoarthritis with hallux valgus deformity was corrected with the Lapidus procedure. There were 29 complications, most commonly sesamoid pain. The pes planovalgus group showed significant radiographic improvements in four of five parameters measured. AOFAS scores improved from retrospectively assigned preoperative 34.1 points to postoperative 83.9 points. The Foot Function Index showed a high satisfaction rate (86.6%). SF-36 scores averaged 50.6 postoperatively. Conclusions: When feet with atraumatic tarsometatarsal osteoarthritis are classified into four main categories based on associated deformities, appropriate concurrent procedures can be done with high satisfaction and improved function scores. Pes planovalgus feet, in particular, may benefit from concurrent procedures with improved radiographic measures.
Asset Redeployability and the Choice between Bank Debt and Public Debt

Abstract A firm with less redeployable assets, which are assets that have fewer alternative uses outside the firm, is more likely to borrow from banks than issue public debt. These findings are consistent with firms with less redeployable assets valuing the ability to renegotiate bank debt contracts instead of selling assets in the event of default. Consistent with this mechanism, firms with lower asset redeployability sell fewer assets following covenant violations. Our results contribute to work on the determinants of which debt markets a firm chooses to borrow from and the role that banks play as intermediaries.
Role of L‐Type Calcium Channel Modulation in Nonconvulsive Epilepsy in Rats

Summary: Old male Wistar rats spontaneously showing hundreds of spike‐wave discharges daily were used to investigate the role of calcium ions in nonconvulsive epilepsy. The effects of the L‐type calcium channel blocker nimodipine and the L‐type channel opener BAY K 8644 on number and duration of these spike‐wave discharges were investigated. In rats aged 84–94 weeks standard EEG electrodes were chronically implanted; animals were allowed to recover for 10 days. After a baseline registration, nimodipine 2.2, 8.8, and 35.2 mg/kg or BAY K 8644 in dosages of 0.12, 0.47, and 1.88 mg/kg was administered. A control group received the solvent. EEG recordings were made to evaluate drug effects. The highest dose of nimodipine increased the number of spike‐wave discharges, whereas BAY K 8644 reduced the number of spike‐wave discharges dose dependently. The highest dose of BAY K 8644 also induced fatal convulsions in 3 animals. Our results demonstrate that the L‐type calcium antagonist nimodipine facilitates spike‐wave discharges and that the L‐type calcium agonist BAY K 8644 protects against these discharges, in contrast to previous results suggesting that calcium channel blockers act as antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and that calcium channel openers act as convulsants. Our results are a further example of the different pharmacologic profile of convulsive and nonconvulsive epilepsy and are also in contrast to what has been described for T‐type calcium channel modulation. We therefore propose that modulation of L‐type and T‐type calcium channels have opposite effects in nonconvulsive epilepsy.
Audit Committee Cash Compensation and Propensity of Firms to Beat Earnings by a Large Margin: Conditional Effects of CEO Power and Agency Risks

This study examines the association between cash-based compensation of directors on the audit committee and the propensity with which firms beat forecasted earnings by a large margin. We also examine how this association is affected by CEO power and three agency risk factors present in the firm, namely size, leverage, and performance. We find that greater cash in the compensation structure is negatively associated with the likelihood of actual earnings beating forecasted earnings by a large margin. In addition, we find that this negative association is modestly weaker in firms managed by a powerful CEO and stronger in firms that are exposed to more agency risks. Findings generally suggest compensation plans comprised predominantly of cash may promote objective financial reporting oversight performed by the audit committee and more specifically when CEOs are less powerful and need for monitoring is heightened. Our results have implications for investors, directors, regulators, governance activists, and future researchers.
Illicit substance use, sexual risk, and HIV-positive gay and bisexual men: differences by serostatus of casual partners

Objective:To examine the use of alcohol and illicit drugs among HIV-positive gay and bisexual men and to determine substance-use-related predictors of unprotected sex with casual partners who were HIV negative, HIV positive, or whose serostatus was unknown. Design:Cross-sectional assessment of baseline data from a behavioral intervention. Methods:From 1999 to 2001, we recruited 1168 HIV-positive gay and bisexual men in New York City and San Francisco and determined the prevalence of drinking and drug use, as well as the use of substances with sex. We then examined associations between substance use variables and risky sexual behaviors with casual partners by partner serostatus. Results:Substance use was common, and the use of ‘party drugs’ [e.g. methamphetamine, nitrate inhalants (poppers), ketamine, and gamma hydroxybutyrate] was most often associated with sexual risk in multivariate models. Substance use before or during sex was not associated with risk with HIV-negative partners, but was associated with risk with HIV-positive and unknown-serostatus partners. Conclusion:Substance use before or during sex was not associated with risk with HIV-negative partners, suggesting that disclosure by HIV-negative sexual partners of HIV-positive men may be important. Being a user of particular party drugs was associated with recent risk with HIV-negative partners. With partners whose serostatus was unknown, the use of certain party drugs and using substances in the context of sex was associated with risk, possibly as a result of reliance on assumptions of seroconcordance. This same pattern was seen for HIV-positive casual partners. These data have intervention implications for both HIV-positive and HIV-negative men.
Phonological recoding and orthographic learning: A direct test of the self-teaching hypothesis.

According to the self-teaching hypothesis (Share, 1995), word-specific orthographic representations are acquired primarily as a result of the self-teaching opportunities provided by the phonological recoding of novel letter strings. This hypothesis was tested by asking normal second graders to read aloud short texts containing embedded pseudoword targets. Three days later, target spellings were correctly identified more often, named more quickly, and spelled more accurately than alternate homophonic spellings. Experiment 2 examined whether this rapid orthographic learning can be attributed to mere visual exposure to target strings. It was found that viewing the target letter strings under conditions designed to minimize phonological processing significantly attenuated orthographic learning. Experiment 3 went on to show that this reduced orthographic learning was not attributable to alternative nonphonological factors (brief exposure durations or decontextualized presentation). The results of a fourth experiment suggested that the contribution of pure visual exposure to orthographic learning is marginal. It was concluded that phonological recoding is critical to the acquisition of word-specific orthographic representations as proposed by the self-teaching hypothesis.
Design and realization of small integrated navigation system based on MIMU/GPS/TAM

In this paper, a new scheme of small integrated navigation system based on Micro Inertial Measurement Unit (MIMU), Global Position System (GPS) and Three-Axis Magnetometer (TAM) is presented. First the choice of these sensors and the structure of system are introduced respectively. Then the navigation computer, which uses TI high-performance floating-point DSP as core processor, is designed to realize both the data collecting and the navigation calculating. According to the error models of inertial navigation system, an integrated navigation algorithm used Kalman filter is proposed to fuse the information from all of the sensors. Finally, the prototype test results are presented to show the feasibility of the system.