Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How do Voters Vote When They Have no Ideology?: Evidence from Spain

Although they make up a considerable share of the electorate, the literature has overlooked the voting behaviour of non-ideological voters. Using Spanish electoral data from the 1979-2004 electoral period, we seek to identify which alternative cues these voters may use when they cast their ballot – providing ideology is not available. We do not find that evaluations of the incumbent’s performance have a higher influence on non-ideological voters as the retrospective voting literature suggests. Nor we find that other shortcuts such as candidate evaluations or party identification are more used by this group when they vote. Instead, our results indicate that non-ideological voters have exchanged the traditional ideological shortcut for the simple pro-incumbent voting as a decision rule.
Does the degree of redundancy in social networks influence the success of business start‐ups?

Entrepreneurs use their social network to start businesses. According to Burt, low redundancy in the social network promotes entrepreneurial success. In non‐redundant networks the entrepreneurs’ contacts do not know each other and rarely have the same information. Low network redundancy gives entrepreneurs better information and it allows entrepreneurs to combine resources from non‐redundant sources. In contrast, when there is high redundancy the contacts know each other and may provide the same information. However, our study cannot confirm this hypothesis. Using data on 100 entrepreneurs in Norway we find that simple measures such as the number and strength of ties are more important for entrepreneurs than redundancy because many weak and strong ties increase the entrepreneur’s access to resources. We find that much redundancy is beneficial. Entrepreneurs get information and support more easily if they have many ties with redundant relations.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN ON YIELD , YIELD COMPONENTS AND CONTRIBUTION FROM THE PRE-ANTHESIS ASSIMILATES TO GRAIN YIELD OF THEWE PHOTOSENSITIVE RICE ( ORYZA SATNA L . )

The experiment was conducted in the Agronomy field laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University to find out the pre-anthesis contribution to grain yield in selected rice varieties (BR22,BR23 and Nizersail ) of Bangladesh. Total tiller no./m" no. of effective tillers /m2, spilcelet no./panicle, %filled grain, 1000 grain wt, straw yield and grain yield varied significantly in different cultivars . Grain yield was highesbin BR23 (5.08 t h a ) followed by BR22 (4.59 t/ ha). Levels of N significantly influenced all the crop characters studied except 1000 grain wt. Increasing N level increased grain and straw yielcl. The interaction effect between cultivar and N was significant for effective tiller no./ m2, spilrelet no./panicle, 5% filled grain, grain yield and %contribution to grain yield from pre-anthesis assimilates. Pre-anthesis assimilate contribution to grain yield was greatest with no N application (28%in BR22 and BR23), and was lowest a t 120 kgN/ha (3% in Nizersail). The pre-anthesis assimilate contribution showed a negative relationship with increased N application. However, this relationship varied for different cultivars with BR 23 showing a greater capacity to mobilize pre -anthesis assimilates than BR22 and Nizersail.
Exploring the Factors Associated with Youths’ Educational Outcomes: The Role of Locus of Control and Parental Socio-Economic Background

Using unique information for a cohort of Australian youth, this paper explores the association between youths’ perception of control (i.e. locus of control) and three educational outcomes: (i) Year 12 completion, (ii) whether youth obtained an Equivalent National Tertiary Entrance Rank (ENTER) score, and (iii) the actual ENTER score. By using a measure of socio-economic status based on 12 years of parental income support histories, the paper also investigates the association between growing up in a socio-economically disadvantaged household and subsequent educational outcomes. Additionally, the paper considers the hypothesis that disadvantage has an indirect effect on youths’ educational outcomes through its effect on locus of control. The results suggest that youths with a more internal locus of control (e.g. those who believe their actions determine their future outcomes) are more likely to complete Year 12, more likely to obtain an ENTER score, and obtain better ENTER scores. The evidence is also consistent with a negative relationship between disadvantage when growing up and youths’ educational outcomes. Even after controlling for demographic and family characteristics, youths who grew up in socioeconomically disadvantaged households are up to 10 per cent less likely to complete Year 12 and up to 20 per cent less likely to obtain an ENTER score. There is however no evidence of an indirect effect of being disadvantaged on educational outcomes through the effect of disadvantage on locus of control once other characteristics are accounted for. Although highly disadvantaged youths obtain ENTER scores that are four points lower than those of non-disadvantaged youth, locus of control shows only a small association with actual ENTER scores.
Genetic Diversity of Tendürek Mouflon Population

Öz Genetic diversity is an important factor influencing a population’s capability of long term survival. Studying biodiversity is a basic approach to make suitable decisions to protect the endangered species. For this purpose, 75 biological samples were collected from Tendürek national park mouflon population. High quality genomic DNA was extracted from blood, meat, hair and bone samples. A set of ten microsatellite loci were selected for analysis of genetic variability. Based on PCR and electrophoresis results, all studied markers were found polymorphic. Across the 10 microsatellite loci, total 61 alleles with an average number of 6.1 allele per locus were detected. The highest number of observed alleles belonged to MAF36 locus (8 allele) and the lowest was for OarFCB304 and OarHH47 loci (5 allele). Mean observed heterozygosity and mean expected heterozygosity were 0.5842 and 0.7849 respectively. Mean Fixation index (FST) in this study was 0.2508. Results revealed that inbreeding in Tendürek mouflon population has increased to dangerously high levels. These findings indicate the reduction of genetic diversity in this population that is so necessary for survival of this species.
Planktonic rotifers of three eutrophic lakes of Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie lakeland (Eastern Poland)

Summary. Planktonic rotifer assemblages were studied in three shallow eutrophic lakes of ‡�czy�� sko-W·odawskie Lakeland (Bikcze, Mytycze and P·otycze). The lakes differ in terms of surface area catchment area and the structure of its land use. Samples were taken in spring, summer and autumn of 2007, 2008 and 2012. In studied lakes were noted 68 species of Rotifera. Mean density ranged from 275 ind. · dm -3 in lake Mytycze to 3410 ind. · dm -3 in lake Bikcze. The rotifer assemblages were dominated by common species: Keratella cochlearis, Keratella cochlearis tecta, Keratella quadrata, Polyartchra vulgaris, Kellicottia longispina, Asplanchna priodonta and Ascomorpha ovalia. Domination structure and high species diversity of planktonic rotifers observed in lake Mytycze indicate the highest ecological status of the lake in comparison to the remaining two lakes. Although the rising percentage of Keratella cochlearis tecta suggests high trophic status of the lake. The analysis of faunistic similarity of rotifer assemblages and their ecological groups indicate the possibility of mutual relationships between littoral and pelagic rotifers.
Decadal oscillation of spring rain in northern Taiwan

This study found that the spring (February–April) rainfall in northern Taiwan has fluctuated concurrently with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) since the early 20th century. It is proposed that this fluctuation in spring rain is induced by the tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly embedded in the PDO, which has been known to oscillate in opposite phase to the SST in the extra‐tropical North Pacific. When the PDO index is positive (negative), the SST over the tropical Central‐Eastern Pacific is warmer (colder) than normal, and a low‐level anti‐cyclonic (cyclonic) anomalous flow is induced over the Philippine Sea. This anomalous anti‐cyclonic (cyclonic) flow results in southwesterly (northeasterly) anomalous winds to the east of Taiwan and enhances (reduces) the trough extending southwestward from southern Japan to northern Taiwan. As a consequence, more (less) spring rain occurs in northern Taiwan during the positive (negative) PDO phases.
Improvement of the Lewis-Abegg-Octet Rule Using an “Even-Odd” Rule in Chemical Structural Formulas: Application to Hypo and Hyper-Valences of Stable Uncharged Gaseous Single-Bonded Molecules with Main Group Elements

As Lewis proposed his octet rule, itself inspired by Abegg’s rule, that a molecule is stable when all its composing atoms have eight electrons in their valence shell, it perfectly applied to the vast majority of known stable molecules. Only a few stable molecules were known that didn’t fall under this rule, such as PCl5 and SF6, and Lewis chose to leave them aside at the time of his research. With further advances in chemistry, more exceptions to this rule of eight have been found, usually with the central atom of the structure having more or less than eight electrons in its valence shell. Theories have been developed in order to modify the octet rule to suit these molecules, defining these as hyper- or hypo-valent molecules and using other configurations for the electrons. The present paper aims to propose a representation rule for gaseous single-bonded molecules that makes it possible to reconcile both; molecules following the octet theory and those which do not. In this representation rule, each element of the molecule is subscripted with two numbers that follow a set of simple criteria. The first represents the number of valence electrons of the element; while the second is calculated by adding the first number to the number of the element’s covalent bonds within the molecule. The latter is equal to eight for organic molecules following the octet rule. Molecules being exceptions to the octet rule are now encompassed by this new even-odd rule: they have a valid chemical structural formula in which the second number is even but not always equal to eight. Both rules—octet and even-odd—are discussed and compared, using several well-known gaseous molecules having one or several single-bonded elements. A future paper will discuss the application of the even-odd rule to charged molecules.
Intention to learn in MMOG: Examining the roles of peer intrinsic and extrinsic motivations

Social Networking Sites (SNS) are one of the most popular business models on the Internet at the moment. At the same time, Social Networking is increasingly interesting as a topic of research in Information Systems. Drawing on existing research in the field, in this paper we propose to distinguish ISN (Internet Social Networking) as a phenomenon from its concrete manifestations in the various SNSs in the marketplace. On the basis of this distinction we take to the classification of SNSs grounded in real-life marketplace variety. In doing so, we identify seven different classes of SNSs. We argue that a typology of SNSs is useful for shaping our understanding of the diverse nature of ISN as existing in concrete manifestations. Most importantly, our classification makes accessible existing research for conceptually sound meta-analysis research. In order to fully grasp the phenomenon of ISN we also propose to include in the definition web sites that feature only certain aspects of ISN, while networking is not their core feature. Using our classification we discuss future research directions.
Dégénérescence et problèmes extrémaux pour les valeurs propres du laplaciens sur les surfaces

Le sujet principal de cette these est la geometrie spectrale des surfaces. Le spectre d'une surface riemannienne fermee (Σ, g) est une suite de nombres 0 = λ0 0) de deux types de degenerescence y est etudiee : la concentration vers un point et la degenerescence conforme sur le tore et la bouteille de Klein. Pour ces deux types de degenerescence, j'ai montre que si une suite de metriques (gn ) d'aire fixee est degeneree, le ton fondamental sera asymptotiquement borne superieurement par le ton fondamental d'une sphere ronde de meme aire. Le deuxieme article [24] de cette these est le fruit d'une collaboration avec Iosif Polterovich et Nikolai Nadirashvili. Son titre est "Maximization of the second positive Neumann eigenvalue for planar domains". Le spectre de Neumann d'un domaine planaire Ω ⊂ R2 est aussi une suite 0 = μ0 < μ1 (Ω) ≤ μ2 (Ω) ≤ · · · . Un resultat classique de G. Szego affirme pour chaque domaine planaire simplement connexe regulier que μ1 (Ω) aire(Ω) ≤ μ1 (D)π ou D est le disque unite. Le resultat principal de cet article est une borne superieure sur la deuxieme valeur propre : μ2 (Ω) aire(Ω) ≤ 2 μ1 (D) π. Cette borne est atteinte par une famille de domaines degenerant vers l'union disjointe de deux disques identiques. Ce resultat confirme la conjecture de Polya pour μ2 . La preuve de ce theoreme repose sur un argument topologique permettant de garantir l'existence d'une famille de fonctions tests appropriee. Par une methode tres similaire, nous avons obtenu une borne superieure sur la deuxieme valeur propre conforme de la classe conforme standard sur des spheres de dimension impaire. Le troisieme article [22] presente s'intitule "Relative Homological Linking in Critical Point Theory". Son sujet n'est pas directement lie a la geometrie spectrale. Il s'agit d'une extension du travail entrepris lors de ma maitrise, sous la direction de Marlene Frigon. J'y ai introduit un outil, l'enlacement homologique relatif, permettant de detecter les points critiques d'une fonction a l'aide de la topologie de ses ensembles de niveaux. J'y montre en particulier que l'enlacement homologique implique l'enlacement homotopique.
Heavy-traffic analysis through uniform acceleration of transitory queues with diminishing populations

We consider the ? (i)/GI/1 queue, in which the arrival times of a fixed population of n customers are sampled independently from an identical distribution. This model recently emerged as the canonical model for so-called transitory queues that are non-stationary, time-varying and might operate only over finite time. The model assumes a finite population of customers entering the queue only once. This paper presents a method for analyzing heavy-traffic behavior by using uniform acceleration, which simultaneously lets the population n and the service rate grow large, while the initial resource utilization approaches one. A key feature of the model is that, as time progresses, more customers have joined the queue, and fewer customers can potentially join. This {\it diminishing population} gives rise to a class of reflected stochastic processes that vanish over time, and hence do not have a stationary distribution. We establish that, by suitably rescaling space and time, the queue length process converges to a Brownian motion on a parabola, a stochastic-process limit that captures the effect of a diminishing population by a negative quadratic drift. The stochastic-process limit provides insight into the macroscopic behavior (for n large) of the transitory queueing process, and the different phenomena occurring at different space-time scales.
Rapid micropropagation of three elite Sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L. ) varieties by shoot tip culture

Studies were carried out for rapid micropropagation of three sugarcane varieties i.e., HSF-240, CP-77-400 and CPF-237. Shoot tip was used as explant source. Shoot initiation from explant of all three varieties was achieved at 1 mg/l Kin and 0.1 mg/l GA3. For rapid multiplication the regenerated shoots were transferred on liquid Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2% sucrose, supplemented with BAP in combinations with GA3. Optimum multiplication was observed at 1 mg/l BAP in combination with 0.1 mg/l GA3 for variety HSF-240. Best response of multiplication for variety CP-77-400 was observed at 0.5 mg/l BAP with 0.1 mg/l GA3. Variety CPF-237 was multiplied at 1.0 mg/l BAP with 0.5 mg/l GA3. Rooting response was observed on half strength liquid MS medium with 6% sucrose containing different concentrations of IBA and NAA. The sugarcane plantlets were acclimatized in greenhouse.
SiO Maser Observations toward Orion-KL with VERA

We present results of phase-referencing VLBI observations of SiO masers in the Orion-KL region made with VERA. Using a strong maser spot in the 43 GHz v = 2 J = 1–0 emission, we derived the trigonometric parallax of Orion-KL to be 2.39˙0.03mas, corresponding to a distance of 418˙6pc, with the highest accuracy among existing parallax measurements of the source. We made a superimposed image of v = 1 J = 1–0 and v = 2 J = 1–0 maser features in Orion-KL based on absolute positions obtained from the phase-referencing astrometry with a common reference source. The maser features of both transitions show similar X-shaped distributions centered at Source I. However, in each of the four arms of the X-shape, the SiO v = 2 features tend to lie closer to Source I than the SiO v = 1 features. The radial velocities of the maser emission decrease with the distance from Source I. The spatial and radial velocity distributions of the SiO masers suggest that the SiO masers lie in the rotating materials associated with a disk around Source I, rather than a decelerating outflow.
Carboxylic acids from limonene oxidation by ozone and hydroxyl radicals: insights into mechanisms derived using a FIGAERO-CIMS

Abstract. This work presents the results from a flow reactor study on the formation of carboxylic acids from limonene oxidation in the presence of ozone under NOx-free conditions in the dark. A High-Resolution Time-of-Flight acetate Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-CIMS) was used in combination with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO) to measure the carboxylic acids in the gas and particle phases. The results revealed that limonene oxidation produced large amounts of carboxylic acids which are important contributors to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. The highest 10 acids contributed 56 %–91 % to the total gas-phase signal, and the dominant gas-phase species in most experiments were C8H12O4, C9H14O4, C7H10O4 and C10H16O3. The particle-phase composition was generally more complex than the gas-phase composition, and the highest 10 acids contributed 47 %–92 % to the total signal. The dominant species in the particle phase were C8H12O5, C9H14O5, C9H12O5 and C10H16O4. The measured concentration of dimers bearing at least one carboxylic acid function in the particle phase was very low, indicating that acidic dimers play a minor role in SOA formation via ozone (O3)/hydroxyl (OH) oxidation of limonene. Based on the various experimental conditions, the acidic compositions for all experiments were modelled using descriptions from the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM). The experiment and model provided a yield of large (C7–C10) carboxylic acid of the order of 10 % (2 %–23 % and 10 %–15 %, respectively). Significant concentrations of 11 acids, from a total of 16 acids, included in the MCM were measured with the CIMS. However, the model predictions were, in some cases, inconsistent with the measurement results, especially regarding the OH dependence. Reaction mechanisms are suggested to fill-in the knowledge gaps. Using the additional mechanisms proposed in this work, nearly 75 % of the observed gas-phase signal in our lowest concentration experiment (8.4 ppb converted, ca. 23 % acid yield) carried out under humid conditions can be understood.
Comparative Immunohistochemical Detection of Caspase-3 Activation in Liver Biopsy Specimens of Patients with Mono and Mixed Infection

Background: Apoptosis is a genetically programmed form of a cell death that plays a major role in pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases. As Caspase-3 activation is required to produce apoptotic chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation it is used in the study of apoptosis. Subjects and methods: Liver biopsies of patients with heroin abuse and coinfection of tuberculosis, chronic hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus (TB, HCV, HIV) were investigated. For comparison liver biopsies of patients with chronic hepatitis B (HBV) were used. All biopsies were performed according to routine medical program, using standard Mengini procedure. Material was fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin and cut 7 micrometers in thickness. For immunohistochemical detection endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked with 3% hydrogen peroxide and the sections were stained using Immunohistochemistry kit according to the manufacture’s guidelines. Cleaved Caspase-3 (Asp175) served as primary antibody. Biotinylated secondary antibody and streptavidin-conjugated peroxidase were used for detection using DAB as chromogen. Nuclei were counter stained with Harris Hematoxylin. Negative controls did not contain primary antibodies. In addition to the immunohistochemical study of Caspase-3 numerical score was established for each biopsy specimen both for grading of necroinflammatory activity (Knodell et al.) and stage of fibrosis (French METAVIR). Results: Our investigation showed that positive reaction of Caspase-3 strongly varies in different liver biopsies; activation is revealed in nuclei and cytoplasm of hepatocytes and some Kupffer cells as well as in endotheliocytes of sinusoids. In portal tracts the activation occurs in some endotheliocytes of interlobular portal veins, in cells of lymphohistiocyte infiltrates. In liver biopsies of patients with coinfection the Caspase-3 expression was noticed in 30-50% of nuclei, whereas in liver biopsies of patients with HBV mono infection the index did not exceed 10%. Index of histological activity according to Knodell of patients with coinfection reached 12-15 balls, fibrosis stage according to METAVIR – F2; in patients with HBV these indexes were respectively 4 balls and F-1. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the expression of Caspase-3 was significantly higher in cases of chronic hepatitis with more severe histological necroinflammatory activity. Especially high activation of Caspase-3 was in liver biopsies of patients with coinfection and heroin abuse. Our results suggest high level of apoptosis in liver biopsies of such types of patients.
Symplectic formulation of the type IIA nongeometric scalar potential

We study the four-dimensional (4D) scalar potential arising from a generalized type IIA flux superpotential including the (non-)geometric fluxes. First, we show that using a set of peculiar flux combinations, the 4D scalar potential can be formulated into a very compact form. This is what we call as the `symplectic formulation' from which one could easily anticipate the ten-dimensional origin of the effective scalar potential. We support our formulation through an alternate derivation of the scalar potential via considering the Double Field Theory (DFT) reduction on a generic Calabi Yau orientifold. In addition, we also exemplify the insights of our formulation with explicit computations for two concrete toroidal examples using orientifolds of the complex threefolds ${\mathbb T}^6/{({\mathbb Z}_2 \times {\mathbb Z}_2)}$ and ${\mathbb T}^6/{\mathbb Z}_4$.