Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On determining unknown functions in differential systems, with an application to biological reactors.

In this paper, we consider general nonlinear systems with observations, containing a (sin- gle) unknown function ': We study the possibility to learn about this unknown function via the observations: if it is possible to determine the (values of the) unknown function from any experiment (on the set of states visited during the experiment), and for any arbitrary input function, on any time interval, we say that the system is \identiable". For systems without controls, we give a more or less complete picture of what happens for this identiability property. This picture is very similar to the picture of the \observation theory" in (7): 1. if the number of observations is three or more, then, systems are generically identiable; 2. if the number of observations is 1 or 2, then the situation is reversed. Identiability is not at all generic. In that case, we add a more tractable innitesimal condition, to dene the \innitesimal identiability" property. This property is so restrictive, that we can almost characterize it (we can characterize it by geometric properties, on an open-dense subset of the product of the state space X by the set of values of '). This, surprisingly, leads to a non trivial classication, and to certain corresponding \identiability normal forms". Contrarily to the case of the observability property, in order to identify in practice, there is in general no hope to do something better than using \approximate dierentiators", as show very elementary examples. However, a practical methodology is proposed in some cases. It shows very reasonable performances. As an illustration of what may happen in controlled cases, we consider the equations of a biological reactor, (2,4), in which a population is fed by some substrate. The model heavily depends on a \growth function", expressing the way the population grows in presence of the substrate. The problem is to identify this \growth function". We give several identiability results, and identication methods, adapted to this problem. Mathematics Subject Classication. | Please, give AMS classication codes |.
CS 224 W Final Project Report

Gene interaction networks have seen limited utility in drug discovery settings. By synergistically leveraging two new datasets, we propose a framework for more effective therapeutic interventions based on biologically realistic data. First, we develop and characterize a new gene-inhibition network, which is based on single gene inhibition data. Our network displays a previously uncharacterized in-degree structure which is more representative of core biological and evolutionary principles than prior findings. We develop and validate a novel greedy algorithm, which is focused on maximizing disease state reduction while minimizing off-target effects and the number of required therapeutics. Our greedy algorithm takes an NP-complete problem and identifies a high-accuracy solution in linear time. We observe that more gene knockout data is necessary before our approach will deliver clinically actionable results.
Seismic wave field restoration using spare representations and quantitative analysis. (Représentation parcimonieuses pour la restauration et l'analyse quantitative de champs d'ondes en sismiques)

This thesis deals with two different problems within the framework of convex and non convex optimization. The first one is an application to multiple removal in seismic data with adaptive filters and the second one is an application to blind deconvolution problem that produces characteristics closest to the Earth layers. More precisely : unveiling meaningful geophysical information from seismic data requires to deal with both random and structured “noises”. As their amplitude may be greater than signals of interest (primaries), additional prior information is especially important in performing efficient signal separation. We address here the problem of multiple reflections, caused by wave-field bouncing between layers. Since only approximate models of these phenomena are available, we propose a flexible framework for time-varying adaptive filtering of seismic signals, using sparse representations, based on inaccurate templates. We recast the joint estimation of adaptive filters and primaries in a new convex variational formulation. This approach allows us to incorporate plausible knowledge about noise statistics, datas parsity and slow filter variation in parsimony-promoting wavelet transforms. The designed primal-dual algorithm solves a constrained minimization problem that alleviates standard regularization issues in finding hyper parameters. The approach demonstrates significantly good performance in low signal-to-noise ratio conditions, both for simulatedand real field seismic data. In seismic exploration, a seismic signal (e.g. primary signal) is often represented as the results of a convolution between the “seismic wavelet” and the reflectivity series. The second goal of this thesis is to deconvolve them from the seismic signal which is presented in Chapter 6. The main idea of this work is to use an additional premise that the reflections occur as sparsely restricted, for which a study on the “sparsity measure”is considered. Some well known methods that fall in this category are proposed such as[Sacchi et al., 1994; Sacchi, 1997]. We propose a new penalty based on a smooth approximation of the l1/l2 function that makes a difficult non convex minimization problem. We develop a proximal-based algorithm to solve variational problems involving this function and we derive theoretical convergence results. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through a comparison with a recent alternating optimization strategy dealing with the exact l1/l2 term
Non-Destructive Three-Dimensional Optical Imaging of a Fiber Bragg Grating

Here, we demonstrate a non-destructive quantitative phase imaging method, in conjunction with tomographic reconstruction techniques, to reconstruct the three-dimensional refractive index distribution of a fiber Bragg grating. In addition to being able to extract the fundamental period of the grating, we are able to reconstruct the refractive index profile of the fiber core and index variations associated with the grating.
Reduced NADPH oxidase type 2 activity mediates sleep fragmentation-induced effects on TC1 tumors in mice

The molecular mechanisms underlying how sleep fragmentation (SF) influences cancer growth and progression remain largely elusive. Here, we present evidence that SF reduced ROS production by downregulating gp91phox expression and activity in TC1 cell tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), while genetic ablation of phagocytic Nox2 activity increased tumor cell proliferation, motility, invasion, and extravasation in vitro. Importantly, the in vivo studies using immunocompetent syngeneic murine tumor models suggested that Nox2 deficiency mimics SF-induced TAMs infiltration and subsequent tumor growth and invasion. Taken together, these studies reveal that perturbed sleep could adversely affect innate immunity within the tumor by altering Nox2 expression and activity, and indicate that selective potentiation of Nox2 activity may present a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancer.
Changes in Running Mechanics During a 6-Hour Running Race.

PURPOSE To investigate changes in running mechanics during a 6-h running race. METHODS Twelve ultraendurance runners (age 41.9 ± 5.8 y, body mass 68.3 ± 12.6 kg, height 1.72 ± 0.09 m) were asked to run as many 874-m flat loops as possible in 6 h. Running speed, contact time (tc), and aerial time (ta) were measured in the first lap and every 30 ± 2 min during the race. Peak vertical ground-reaction force (Fmax), stride length (SL), vertical downward displacement of the center of mass (Δz), leg-length change (ΔL), vertical stiffness (kvert), and leg stiffness (kleg) were then estimated. RESULTS Mean distance covered by the athletes during the race was 62.9 ± 7.9 km. Compared with the 1st lap, running speed decreased significantly from 4 h 30 min onward (mean -5.6% ± 0.3%, P < .05), while tc increased after 4 h 30 min of running, reaching the maximum difference after 5 h 30 min (+6.1%, P = .015). Conversely, kvert decreased after 4 h, reaching the lowest value after 5 h 30 min (-6.5%, P = .008); ta and Fmax decreased after 4 h 30 min through to the end of the race (mean -29.2% and -5.1%, respectively, P < .05). Finally, SL decreased significantly (-5.1%, P = .010) during the last hour of the race. CONCLUSIONS Most changes occurred after 4 h continuous self-paced running, suggesting a possible time threshold that could affect performance regardless of absolute running speed.
Hierarchical Resource Allocation Framework for Hyper-Dense Small Cell Networks

This paper considers joint power control and subchannel allocation for co-tier interference mitigation in extremely dense small cell networks, which is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem. Since it is intractable to obtain the globally optimum assignment policy for existing techniques due to the huge computation and communication overheads in ultra-dense scenario, in this paper, we propose a hierarchical resource allocation framework to achieve a desirable solution. Specifically, the solution is obtained by dividing the original optimization problem into four stages in partially distributed manner. First, we propose a divide-and-conquer strategy by invoking clustering technique to decompose the dense network into smaller disjoint clusters. Then, within each cluster, one of the small cell access points is elected as a cluster head to carry out intra-cluster subchannel allocation with a low-complexity algorithm. To tackle the issue of inter-cluster interference, we further develop a distributed learning-base coordination mechanism. Moreover, a local power adjustment scheme is also presented to improve the system performance. Numerical results verify the efficiency of the proposed hierarchical scheme, and demonstrate that our solution outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, especially for hyper-dense networks.
The Effect of N-Methyl-2-Pyridone-5-Carboxamide—A Nicotinamide Catabolite on Poly ADP-Rybosylation and Oxidative Stress Injury in Endothelial Cells

This study evaluated the effect of nicotinamide (NA) and its endogenous metabolite 2PY (N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide) on the activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and on peroxynitrite-induced injury in endothelial cells. 2PY and NA inhibited isolated PARP with half-maximal constants of 0.53 mM and 0.025 mM, respectively. Exposure to peroxynitrite caused a decrease of the NAD pool in cultured endothelial cells to below 10% of initial level. Addition of 2PY or NA provided partial protection from peroxynitrite-induced NAD depletion, with NA being more effective. 2PY and NA also provide protection from ATP depletion. We conclude that NA as well as 2PY protect from oxidative stress injury in endothelial cells by inhibition of PARP and protection from NAD depletion. This, in turn, protects energetics, allowing maintaining cellular ATP.
Dynamical Formation of Close Binary Systems in Globular Clusters

We know from observations that globular clusters are very efficient catalysts in forming unusual short-period binary systems or their offspring, such as low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs; neutron stars accreting matter from low-mass stellar companions), cataclysmic variables (white dwarfs accreting matter from stellar companions), and millisecond pulsars (rotating neutron stars with spin periods of a few milliseconds). Although there has been little direct evidence, the overabundance of these objects in globular clusters has been attributed by numerous authors to the high densities in the cores, which leads to an increase in the formation rate of exotic binary systems through close stellar encounters. Many such close binary systems emit X-radiation at low luminosities (LX ≲ 1034 ergs s-1) and are being found in large numbers through observations with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Here we present conclusive observational evidence of a link between the number of close binaries observed in X-rays in a globular cluster and the stellar encounter rate of the cluster. We also make an estimate of the total number of LMXBs in globular clusters in our Galaxy.
Studies relating to the mode of action of methotrexate. II. Studies on sites of action in L-cells in vitro.

The methotrexate-induced inhibition of thymidylate and of purine synthesis has been studied in L-cells in tissue culture under conditions which permitted the separation of the two types of inhibition. Data are presented which suggest that under the conditions employed methotrexate may have sites of action in addition to its inhibition of folate and dihydrofolate reductase. These findings are discussed in relation to the strengths and weaknesses of the noe-site-of-action hypothesis. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Drs. W. R. Bruce and J. E. Till for helpful discussions.
Early and late adverse effects of radioiodine for pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer

Radioiodine‐131 (I131) therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is generally a safe and effective treatment, but it has some potential side effects, which have been well described in adults but less analyzed in children. Our aim was to describe early and late adverse events of radioactive I131 in pediatric patients.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE METATARSAL FRACTURE REPAIR WITH LOCKING PLATES IN A GUANACO (LAMA GUANICOE)

Abstract: An open grade I transverse diaphyseal fracture of the metatarsal bone in a 5-yr-old female guanaco (Lama guanicoe) was successfully stabilized with a locking plate system, which is a minimally invasive approach. A conical coupling screw-plate locking system with 3.0-mm-thick plates and 3.5-mm locking head screws was applied, after closed and indirect reduction of the bone segments, with an orthogonal configuration of the plates. The implants were protected postoperatively with a splinted bandage. The fracture healed without complications, the limb function was successfully recovered, and no major complications were observed at the 2-yr follow-up. The surgical procedure was carried out with biologic internal fixation supports and an adequate functional union within a time period similar to that reported for this species following other fracture fixation methods. This case highlights the potential benefit of combining minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis and plate-locking systems for fracture repair in camelids.
DeepShape: Deep-Learned Shape Descriptor for 3D Shape Retrieval

Complex geometric variations of 3D models usually pose great challenges in 3D shape matching and retrieval. In this paper, we propose a novel 3D shape feature learning method to extract high-level shape features that are insensitive to geometric deformations of shapes. Our method uses a discriminative deep auto-encoder to learn deformation-invariant shape features. First, a multiscale shape distribution is computed and used as input to the auto-encoder. We then impose the Fisher discrimination criterion on the neurons in the hidden layer to develop a deep discriminative auto-encoder. Finally, the outputs from the hidden layers of the discriminative auto-encoders at different scales are concatenated to form the shape descriptor. The proposed method is evaluated on four benchmark datasets that contain 3D models with large geometric variations: McGill, SHREC’10 ShapeGoogle, SHREC’14 Human and SHREC’14 Large Scale Comprehensive Retrieval Track Benchmark datasets. Experimental results on the benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for 3D shape retrieval.
On Preconditioning Multiwavelet Systems for Image Compression

This paper presents a study on applications of multiwavelet analysis to image compression. The biorthogonality and perfect reconstruction conditions are applied to multiwavelet filters. As a multiwavelet filter bank has multiple channels of inputs, the data structure of inputs to the multiwavelet system should be taken into consideration in multiwavelet decomposition and reconstruction algorithms. We investigate the data initialization problem by considering prefilters and postfilters that may give more efficient representations of the decomposed data. The interpolation postfilter and prefilter are formulated, which are capable to provide a better approximate image at each coarser resolution level. A design process is given to obtain both filters having compact supports, if exist. Image compression performances of three multiwavelet systems are studied in comparison to those of single wavelet systems.
Knowledge of prosthodontic treatment among denture-wearers and non-denture-wearers attending a dental institute in India: a survey report.

OBJECTIVE Knowledge of subjects regarding prosthodontic treatment may play a role in their acceptance of the prostheses. The purpose of this survey was to assess the knowledge of prosthodontic treatment among the denture-wearers and non-denture-wearers reporting to the Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum. METHODS A self-designed closed-ended questionnaire containing 14 questions was designed. Four-hundred and nineteen subjects aged between 25 and 65 years were surveyed over a period of 2 months. Collected data were statistically analysed using chi-squared test at a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS From the 419 subjects surveyed, 140 subjects (33.4%) were dentate and 279 subjects (66.6%) were edentulous either in the maxillary, mandibular or both arches. Among the 279 edentulous subjects, 143 (51.3%) did not use any kind of prosthesis. There was a statistically significant difference in knowledge regarding the replacement of teeth by artificial means, the number of visits required for the provision of a complete denture, problems with dentures among subjects using and not using them (p < 0.001) whereas no significant difference was found among the subjects regarding aesthetics with dentures and socializing with friends. CONCLUSION Attempts should be made to raise the level of knowledge of both denture-wearers and non-denture-wearers reporting to the Institute for any dental treatment.
ACUTE EFFECTS OF STATIC STRETCHING ON MAXIMAL ECCENTRIC TORQUE PRODUCTION IN WOMEN

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of static stretching on peak torque (PT) and the joint angle at PT during maximal, voluntary, eccentric isokinetic muscle actions of the leg extensors at 60 and 1808·s−1 for the stretched and unstretched limbs in women. Thirteen women (mean age ± SD = 20.8 ± 0.8 yr; weight ± SD = 63.3 ± 9.5 kg; height ± SD = 165.9 ± 7.9 cm) volunteered to perform separate maximal, voluntary, eccentric isokinetic muscle actions of the leg extensors with the dominant and nondominant limbs on a Cybex 6000 dynamometer at 60 and 1808·s−1. PT (Nm) and the joint angle at PT (8) were recorded by the dynamometer software. Following the initial isokinetic assessments, the dominant leg extensors were stretched (mean stretching time ± SD = 21.2 ± 2.0 minutes) using 1 unassisted and 3 assisted static stretching exercises. After the stretching (4.3 ± 1.4 minutes), the isokinetic assessments were repeated. The statistical analyses indicated no changes (p > 0.05) from pre- to poststretching for PT or the joint angle at PT. These results indicated that static stretching did not affect PT or the joint angle at PT of the leg extensors during maximal, voluntary, eccentric isokinetic muscle actions at 60 and 1808·s−1 in the stretched or unstretched limbs in women. In conjunction with previous studies, these findings suggested that static stretching may affect torque production during concentric, but not eccentric, muscle actions.
L'interprétation des données obtenues, par des cultures unialgales, sur les cycles évolutifs des algues. Quelques exemples tirés des recherches conduites au laboratoire de Groningue

ResumeLes interpretations des observations faites sur les cycles evolutifs des algues sont souvent influencees par des modeles preexistants, par la terminologie utilisee, par la definition des termes, par les conditions de culture et enfin le caractere incomplet des recherches. Ces problemes generaux sont discutes en utilisant, comme exemples, trois types d'algues etudies au laboratoire algologique de Groningue: le Scinaia complanata, plusieurs Bryopsis et le Symphoricoccus stellaris.
Experimental studies on the origin of cultivated rice.

1) Contributions to the origin of cultivated rice made by the author and his colleagues were briefly reviewed under several headlines. -2) Two parallel series of evolution of cultivated species, the Asian form of Oryza perennis to O. sativa and O. breviligulata to O. glaberrima, were pointed out compared. -3) In both the two series, a continuous array of intergrades between wild and cultivated species is found in a particular region. The pattern of character variations among those intermediate plants was considered as indicating the evolutionary path, and the monophyletic origin of the Indica and Japonica types of O. sativa was discussed. -4) The conditions of establishment of a weedy form of O. perennis found in India were discussed. It was noticed that cultivation by man in itself works as a selective agent for cultivated types.
How does the brain mediate interpretation of incongruent auditory emotions? The neural response to prosody in the presence of conflicting lexico‐semantic cues

We frequently encounter conflicting emotion cues. This study examined how the neural response to emotional prosody differed in the presence of congruent and incongruent lexico‐semantic cues. Two hypotheses were assessed: (i) decoding emotional prosody with conflicting lexico‐semantic cues would activate brain regions associated with cognitive conflict (anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) or (ii) the increased attentional load of incongruent cues would modulate the activity of regions that decode emotional prosody (right lateral temporal cortex). While the participants indicated the emotion conveyed by prosody, functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired on a 3T scanner using blood oxygenation level‐dependent contrast. Using SPM5, the response to congruent cues was contrasted with that to emotional prosody alone, as was the response to incongruent lexico‐semantic cues (for the ‘cognitive conflict’ hypothesis). The right lateral temporal lobe region of interest analyses examined modulation of activity in this brain region between these two contrasts (for the ‘prosody cortex’ hypothesis). Dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex activity was not observed, and neither was attentional modulation of activity in right lateral temporal cortex activity. However, decoding emotional prosody with incongruent lexico‐semantic cues was strongly associated with left inferior frontal gyrus activity. This specialist form of conflict is therefore not processed by the brain using the same neural resources as non‐affective cognitive conflict and neither can it be handled by associated sensory cortex alone. The recruitment of inferior frontal cortex may indicate increased semantic processing demands but other contributory functions of this region should be explored.