Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Symptomatic and Functional Improvement and Remission in a Treatment Response to Stimulant Trial

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the relationship between symptom and functional improvement and remission in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) enrolled in an 11-week open-label dose-optimization phase of an methylphenidate extended release (MPH-MLR) pivotal study. Methods: Assessments included the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent (WFIRS-P) and ADHD Rating Scale, Fourth Edition (ADHD-RS-IV). Definitions included the following: symptom improvement (≥30% decrease in ADHD-RS-IV total score); symptom remission (ADHD-RS-IV total score ≤18); functional improvement (decrease in WFIRS-P total score ≥0.25 [minimally important difference]); and functional remission (WFIRS-P total score ≤0.65). Results: Two hundred children completed the open-label phase. At initial assessment, functional impairment was evident across all WFIRS-P domains and similar between children and adolescents. Those who were treatment naive had more functional impairment (WFIRS-P total: 0.82 vs. 0.70, p = 0.02). Significant improvements in all WFIRS-P domains were noted at open-label end (p < 0.001), with the largest improvement in Learning. At open-label end, 94% of children and adolescents demonstrated symptom improvement, of which 57% also showed functional improvement, and 75% of children and adolescents showed symptom remission, of which 81% also showed functional remission. Conclusions: Children and adolescents treated with MPH-MLR showed moderate-to-large improvement in functioning during 3 months of treatment, both overall and in specific domains. However, a significant number of those who would be considered symptomatic responders failed to show improvement in functioning or continue to have significant functional impairment. Treatment with MPH-MLR showed that both symptomatic and functional remission are achievable goals. Identification of children and adolescents who have been successfully treated for their symptoms, but continue to suffer functional impairment, will allow us to offer additional targeted treatment interventions over and above medication to address residual difficulties.
The adoption of green energy technologies: The role of policies in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland

ABSTRACT We contribute to the existing research about policy-induced technology adoption in several ways. First, we suggest a new survey design to measure the energy-related policy environment. Second, we simultaneously estimate the policy effects for the adoption propensity and the adoption intensity simultaneously and, third, we compare the policy effects in the three countries, Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Based on a representative sample of firms for all three countries we find that policies essentially promote the adoption of technologies and they are practically ineffective for the intensity, which poses a great challenge to future policy designs. Voluntary agreements or demand-related factors are among the most important drivers for the adoption propensity of green energy technologies. Given the current institutional framework in the surveyed countries, subsidies are more effective in Austria, taxes are more effective in Germany, and demand-related factors are relatively more effective in Switzerland.
MFNW

The increased capacity of multi-level cells (MLC) and triple-level cells (TLC) in emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies comes at the cost of higher cell write energies and lower cell endurance. In this article, we describe MFNW, a Flip-N-Write encoding that effectively reduces the write energy and improves the endurance of MLC NVMs. Two MFNW modes are analyzed: cell Hamming distance mode and energy Hamming distance mode. We derive an approximate model that accurately predicts the average number of cell writes that is proportional to the energy consumption, enabling word length optimization to maximize energy reduction subject to memory space overhead constraints. In comparison to state-of-the-art MLC NVM encodings, our simulation results indicate that MFNW achieves up to 7%--39% saving for 1.56%--50% NVM space overhead. Extra energy saving (up to 19%--47%) can be achieved for the same NVM space overhead using our proposed variations of MFNW, i.e., MFNW2 and MFNW3. For TLC NVMs, we propose TFNW that can achieve up to 53% energy saving in comparison to state-of-the-art TLC NVM encodings. Endurance simulations indicate that MFNW (TFNW) is capable of extending MLC (TLC) NVM life by up to 100% (87%).
Altered brain structural topological properties in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without complications

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction, and white matter (WM) microstructural impairments play a critical role in T2DM‐related cognitive decline. Disruptions to the WM have been detected in T2DM patients before clinical diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction. Herein, we investigated changes in brain structural topological properties and their correlation with behavior in T2DM patients without complications.
Reoperation following strabismus surgery among Medicare beneficiaries: Associations with geographic region, academic affiliation, surgeon volume, and adjustable suture technique

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the associations of strabismus surgery reoperation rates in a large national database of provider payments with geographic region, practice type and volume, and the availability of adjustable suture technique. Methods: Fee-for-service payments to providers for medicare beneficiaries having strabismus surgery between 2012 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed to identify reoperations in the same calendar year. The adjustable-suture technique was considered to be available to the patient if the patient's surgeon billed for adjustable sutures. Predictors of reoperation in the same calendar year were determined by multivariable logistic regression. Results: Availability of the adjustable suture technique was not associated with reoperation rate in multivariable analysis among 5971 patients having horizontal muscle surgery (odds ratio, [OR] 0.86, P = 0.29), 2840 patients having vertical muscle surgery (OR 0.98, P = 0.93), or 1199 patients having surgery with scarring or restriction (OR 0.86, P = 0.61). For horizontal surgery, the reoperation rate was higher in academic practices (OR 1.67), as compared with community practices, and in the South (OR 2.85) and West (OR 1.92, all P < 0.001). The reoperation rate was unchanged with surgeons in the lowest-quartile of surgical volume. Among surgeons paid for horizontal surgery, 45% of surgeons in the Northeast, the West, or Florida coded for adjustable sutures, compared with 8% of surgeons elsewhere (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The availability of the adjustable-suture technique was not associated with reoperation rate after strabismus surgery in this large national database. Having surgery by a lower-volume surgeon was not associated with a higher reoperation rate. The reoperation rate was higher when surgery was conducted in an academic practice, or in certain regions of the country. Adjustable sutures are largely a bicoastal practice.
Physiological Starvation Promotes Caenorhabditis elegans Vulval Induction

Studying how molecular pathways respond to ecologically relevant environmental variation is fundamental to understand organismal development and its evolution. Here we characterize how starvation modulates Caenorhabditis elegans vulval cell fate patterning – an environmentally sensitive process, with a nevertheless robust output. Past research has shown many vulval mutants affecting EGF-Ras-MAPK, Delta-Notch and Wnt pathways to be suppressed by environmental factors, such as starvation. Here we aimed to resolve previous, seemingly contradictory, observations on how starvation modulates levels of vulval induction. Using the strong starvation suppression of the Vulvaless phenotype of lin-3/egf reduction-of-function mutations as an experimental paradigm, we first tested for a possible involvement of the sensory system in relaying starvation signals to affect vulval induction: mutation of various sensory inputs, DAF-2/Insulin or DAF-7/TGF-β signaling did not abolish lin-3(rf) starvation suppression. In contrast, nutrient deprivation induced by mutation of the intestinal peptide transporter gene pept-1 or the TOR pathway component rsks-1 (the ortholog of mammalian P70S6K) very strongly suppressed lin-3(rf) mutant phenotypes. Therefore, physiologically starved animals induced by these mutations tightly recapitulated the effects of external starvation on vulval induction. While both starvation and pept-1 RNAi were sufficient to increase Ras and Notch pathway activities in vulval cells, the highly penetrant Vulvaless phenotype of a tissue-specific null allele of lin-3 was not suppressed by either condition. This and additional results indicate that partial lin-3 expression is required for starvation to affect vulval induction. These results suggest a cross-talk between nutrient deprivation, TOR-S6K and EGF-Ras-MAPK signaling during C. elegans vulval induction.
Comparison of Partial and Radical Laparascopic Nephrectomy: Perioperative and Oncologic Outcomes for Clinical T2 Renal Cell Carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION Nephron-sparing surgery has emerged as the treatment of choice for small renal masses. However, its role in larger tumors remains controversial. In this study, we compare the outcomes of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) vs those of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) for T2 renal tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen patients who had LPN and 16 patients who had LRN for T2 renal tumors were retrospectively analyzed for preoperative factors (age, gender, comorbidities, hemoglobin, and creatinine levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]), operative and perioperative characteristics (tumor characteristics, operative time [OT], warm ischemia time [WIT], estimated blood loss [EBL], length of stay [LOS], and postoperative complications), histopathologic results, and follow-up data (eGFR and recurrences). RESULTS Tumor size was comparable between groups; however, tumors in the LRN group were more endophytic, central, and closer to the collecting system. There were no cases of positive surgical margins. Median OT was 160 minutes vs 230 minutes (p = 0.0029) and EBL was 25 mL vs 100 mL ([p = 0.0027], LRN vs LPN). Median WIT in the LPN group was 27 minutes, with three zero ischemias. Minor postoperative complications (≤Clavien-Dindo III) were noted in 6.25% and 23% (LRN vs LPN). Median LOS was 4.56 and 5.77 days (LRN vs LPN), respectively. Mean postsurgery eGFR was significantly lower for the LRN group (54.5 cc/[min ·1.73 m2] vs 76.3 cc/[min ·1.73 m2], p = 0.019). Within mean follow-up of 44.5 months, one tumor recurrence in the contra lateral kidney was observed in the LPN group and two cases of metastasis in the LRN group. CONCLUSIONS We show that LPN is technically feasible for T2 tumors, with acceptable intra- and perioperative outcomes. Furthermore, our results show a significant advantage in preservation of renal function for LPN without compromising oncologic results. Taken together, we believe that LPN should be considered for larger tumors based on technical feasibility rather than only tumor size.
Blood-Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise Promotes Lower Pain and Ratings of Perceived Exertion Compared With Either High- or Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise Performed to Muscular Failure.

CONTEXT Given the comparable muscle hypertrophy constantly observed between blood-flow restriction exercise (BFR-RE) and conventional resistance exercise, understanding their particular rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and pain may help to better prescribe exercise at a low-discomfort level, thus increasing its feasibility. DESIGN Randomized crossover study. OBJECTIVE To compare the RPE and pain response between conventional high- (HI-RE) and low-intensity resistance exercise (LI-RE) protocols to failure with a nonmuscular failure LI-RE associated with BFR-RE. PARTICIPANTS A total of 12 men (age: 20 [3] y; body mass: 73.5 [9] kg; height: 174 [6] cm). INTERVENTIONS Four sets of 45° leg-press exercises in 3 different conditions: (1) BFR-RE (15 repetitions; 30% 1-repetition maximum), (2) HI-RE (80% 1-repetition maximum to muscular failure), and (3) LI-RE (30% 1-repetition maximum to muscular failure). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES RPE and pain were assessed immediately before exercise session and after the end of each of the 4 sets. RESULTS RPE and pain levels increased throughout the exercise sets for all RE protocols (all, Ps < .05). HI-RE and LI-RE protocols showed similar increase in RPE and pain levels during all exercise sets (P < .05); however, both protocols demonstrated higher RPE and pain response compared with BFR-RE after each of the 4 sets (all Ps < .05 between-group comparisons). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that both HI-RE and LI-RE to muscular failure resulted in similar and significant increases in RPE and pain levels, regardless of exercise intensity. In addition, nonmuscular failure BFR-RE also increased RPE and pain response, however, to a lower extent compared with either HI-RE or LI-RE.
α-MoO3 Crystals with a Multilayer Stack Structure Obtained by Annealing from a Lamellar MoS2/g-C3N4 Nanohybrid

Transition metal oxides and chalcogenides have recently attracted great attention as the next generation of 2-D materials due to their unique electronic and optical properties. In this study, a new procedure for the obtaining of highly crystalline α-MoO3 is proposed as an alternative to vapor-phase synthesis. In this approach, a first reaction between molybdate, citrate and thiourea allowed to obtain MoS2, which—upon calcination at a temperature of 650 °C in the presence of g-C3N4—resulted in MoO3 with a definite plate-like shape. The colorless (or greenish) α-MoO3 nanoplates obtained with this procedure featured a multilayer stack structure, with a side-length of 1–2 μm and a thickness of several nanometers viewed along the [010] direction. The nucleation-growth of the crystal can be explained by a two-dimensional layer-by-layer mechanism favored by g-C3N4 lamellar template.
Modeling the Structure of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure: Conceptual, Empirical, and Analytic Considerations.

This study sought to characterize the factor structure of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) using data from a sample of 1,082 communitydwelling Italian adults. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was used to compare the fit of a bifactor model for each TriPM scale, in which specific-content factors were specified along with a general factor, with the fit of a single, general-factor model. Robust weighted least square (WLSMV) ESEM supported a bifactor latent structure of the TriPM items for all individual scales. When we jointly factor analyzed the 58 TriPM items, a WLSMV ESEM three-factor structure showed adequate fit; the three ESEM factors were akin to TriPM Boldness, Meanness, and Disinhibition theoretical dimensions, respectively, and could be effectively replicated across gender subgroups. Our findings support the three-factor structure of TriPM items, at least in Italian community-dwelling adults, and provide further evidence for the construct validity of the TriPM.
Doxorubicin conjugated carbon dots as a drug delivery system for human breast cancer therapy

Carbon dots (CDs) are one of the most promising carbon‐based materials in bioimaging and drug/gene delivery applications. In this study, we have attempted to study the drug carrying capacity of highly fluorescent CDs for delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and investigate the therapeutic activity of the CDs‐DOX drug delivery system.
Associations between History of Hospitalization for Violence Victimization and Substance-Use Patterns among Adolescents: A 2017 Korean National Representative Survey

Violence victimization can adversely affect adolescents’ long-term health. Existing research has mainly focused on the link between victimization and substance use; however, the evidence obtained to date has been inconsistent. This study, using a Korean national representative sample, examined the association between violence victimization and substance-use patterns (including tobacco, alcohol, and drug use) in terms of sex and number of violence victimization experiences. We analyzed secondary data from the 2017 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. Chi-squared test analyses and logistic regression analysis were used to examine substance use in terms of violence victimization; additionally, p-values for trends were calculated to reveal the dose-response relationship per number of violence victimization experiences. We consequently found that participants’ rates of tobacco, alcohol, and drug use were higher among those who experienced violence victimization than among those who did not. For each substance-use-related variable, the greater the violence victimization experience, the higher the odds of substance use (p for trend < 0.001). Early intervention may help prevent the development of substance use, especially among adolescents who have experienced violence victimization. Prevention efforts regarding substance abuse and violence prevention should be included in school curricula to effectively prevent adverse health consequences among adolescents.
Comparison of 0.1%, 0.18%, and 0.3% Hyaluronic Acid Eye Drops in the Treatment of Experimental Dry Eye

Abstract Purpose: To compare the efficacy of 0.1%, 0.18%, and 0.3% hyaluronic acid (HA) artificial tear in the treatment of experimental dry eye (EDE). Methods: EDE was established in female C57BL/6 mice through an air draft and subcutaneous scopolamine injection. The mice were divided into 5 groups according to topical treatment regimens (n = 5 each): EDE control, balanced salt solution (BSS), preservative-free 0.1% HA, 0.18% HA, and 0.3% HA. The tear film break-up time (TBUT) and corneal fluorescein staining scores were measured 5, 10, 14, 21, and 28 days after treatment. The corneal smoothness scores were measured. In addition, periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were performed. Results: The values for TBUT and corneal fluorescein staining showed greater improvements in all the HA groups (P < 0.05) than in the EDE and BSS groups after 10 days of treatment. Mice treated with 0.3% HA showed a more significant improvement in all clinical parameters than did those in the EDE control, BSS, 0.1% HA, and 0.18% HA groups (all P < 0.05) after 28 days of treatment. The goblet cell counts were higher in the 0.3% and 0.18% HA groups than in the 0.1% HA group. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was the lowest in the 0.3% HA group. Conclusions: In EDE, 0.3% HA artificial tears are more effective than the 0.1% and 0.18% HA in improving tear film instability and ocular surface staining and irregularity, in increasing the number of conjunctival goblet cells, and in decreasing corneal epithelial apoptosis.
Using sedatives–hypnotics or opioids in older adults: a narrow path

This issue of International Psychogeriatrics contains three papers from three continents that explore the use of sedatives–hypnotics and opioids in the treatment of older adults (Hamina et al., 2018; Machado-Duque et al., 2018; Tseng et al., 2018), and a fourth paper reporting on a qualitative study that addresses the broader question of training needs in dementia in a setting of rapid economic and demographic changes (Xu et al., 2018).
Anger and Aggression in UK Treatment-Seeking Veterans with PTSD

Prevalence rates of anger and aggression are often higher in military personnel. Therefore, it is important to understand more about why this is, and the factors with which it is associated. Despite this, there is little evidence relating to anger and aggression in UK veterans who are seeking treatment for mental health difficulties such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study investigated the prevalence rates of anger and aggression in this population, as well as the associations between anger and aggression, and various sociodemographic, functioning and mental health variables. A cross-sectional design was used, with participants completing a battery of self-report questionnaires. Prevalence rates for significant anger and aggression were 74% and 28% respectively. Both women and those over 55 were less likely to report difficulties. Those with high levels of PTSD and other mental health difficulties were more likely to report anger and aggression. Other factors related to anger and aggression included unemployment due to ill health, and a perceived lack of family support. Findings showed that veterans who are seeking support for mental health are likely to be experiencing significant difficulties with anger and aggression, especially if they have comorbid mental health difficulties. The associations between anger, aggression, and other variables, has implications for the assessment and treatment of military veterans.
Workplace incivility, lateral violence and bullying among nurses. A review about their prevalence and related factors

Background: Negative interactions among nurses are well recognized and reported in scientific literature, even because the issues may have major consequences on professional and private lives of the victims. The aim of this paper is to detect specifically the prevalence of workplace incivility (WI), lateral violence (LV) and bullying among nurses. Furthermore, it addresses the potential related factors and their impact on the psychological and professional spheres of the victims.Methods: A review of the literature was performed through the research of papers on three databases: Medline, CINAHL, and Embase.Results: Seventy-nine original papers were included. WI has a range between 67.5% and 90.4% (if WI among peers, above 75%). LV has a prevalence ranging from 1% to 87.4%, while bullying prevalence varies between 2.4% and 81%. Physical and mental sequelae can affect up to 75% of the victims. The 10% of bullied nurses develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms. Bullying is a predictive factor for burnout (β=0.37 p<0.001) and shows a negative correlation with job efficiency (r=-0 322, p<0.01). Victims of bullying recorded absenteeism 1.5 times higher in comparison to non-victimized peers (95% CI: 1.3-1.7). 78.5% of bullied nurses with length of service lower than 5 years has resigned to move to other jobs.Conclusions: There is lack of evidence about policies and programmes to eradicate workplace incivility, lateral violence and bullying among nurses. Prevention of these matters should start from spreading information inside continue educational settings and university nursing courses.
Evaluation of Comfort and Confidence of Neonatal Clinicians in Providing Palliative Care.

BACKGROUND Research found that low levels of professional confidence and personal comfort among neonatal clinicians regarding palliative care may indicate a lack of competence and hesitancy to offer neonatal palliative care services. PURPOSE This study evaluated the factors associated with the confidence and comfort levels of neonatal clinicians providing neonatal palliative care. METHODS A cross-sectional survey and questionnaire were used to investigate the confidence and comfort levels of neonatal clinicians regarding neonatal palliative care. RESULTS Research subjects included 154 neonatal clinicians. Clinicians' confidence in providing neonatal palliative care was significantly impacted by age, marital status, years of professional experience (p < 0.05), and prior palliative care training. Comfort levels were significantly impacted by educational degree, marital status, and years of working experience. Clinicians with a supportive workplace reported increases in both professional confidence (r = 0.286, p < 0.001) and personal comfort (r = 0.521, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Research reveals the importance of neonatal palliative education and suggests further development of interdisciplinary neonatal palliative care teams to improve clinicians' professional confidence and personal comfort.