Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Where Did My Optimum Go?: An Empirical Analysis of Gradient Descent Optimization in Policy Gradient Methods

Recent analyses of certain gradient descent optimization methods have shown that performance can degrade in some settings - such as with stochasticity or implicit momentum. In deep reinforcement learning (Deep RL), such optimization methods are often used for training neural networks via the temporal difference error or policy gradient. As an agent improves over time, the optimization target changes and thus the loss landscape (and local optima) change. Due to the failure modes of those methods, the ideal choice of optimizer for Deep RL remains unclear. As such, we provide an empirical analysis of the effects that a wide range of gradient descent optimizers and their hyperparameters have on policy gradient methods, a subset of Deep RL algorithms, for benchmark continuous control tasks. We find that adaptive optimizers have a narrow window of effective learning rates, diverging in other cases, and that the effectiveness of momentum varies depending on the properties of the environment. Our analysis suggests that there is significant interplay between the dynamics of the environment and Deep RL algorithm properties which aren't necessarily accounted for by traditional adaptive gradient methods. We provide suggestions for optimal settings of current methods and further lines of research based on our findings.
A New Result on H∞ State Estimation of Delayed Static Neural Networks via Augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii Functional

In this paper, the problem on guaranteed $H$∞ performance state estimation for static neural networks with a time-varying delay is investigated and the corresponding criterion is developed. First, a novel augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) is constructed. And the derivative of the LKF is estimated by the relaxed integral inequality. Then, the state estimator can be calculated by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, an example is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Bandgap Engineering of GaAsBi Alloy for Emission of up to 1.52 µm

Band gap engineering by incorporating bismuth (Bi) into GaAs to form ternary GaAs1-xBixalloy was investigated. Series of GaAsBi samples with different Bi concentrations were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Based on the high resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) measurements, Bi concentration of up to 0.108 was successfully incorporated into the lattice. Sample with the highest Bi concentration, GaAs0.892Bi0.108, show room temperature photoluminescence (PL) emission with a peak wavelength of 1.52 µm and full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) of 89 meV. It was found that the incorporation of Bi into GaAs lattice affected both the conduction band as well as the valence band. The conduction band minimum reduces linearly by 23 meV/%Bi while the valence band maximum was best fitted by using the valence band anti-crossing (VBAC) model with coupling parameter, CBi of 1.65 eV.
A Deep Reconstruction CNN for Illumination-robust Face Image Recovery and Recognition

We propose a deep reconstruction convolution neural network approach for illumination-robust face image recovery and recognition. Our reconstruction approach learns an end-to-end mapping between non-uniform illumination and uniform illumination face images. The architecture of the network is functional divided into four stages, i.e., feature decomposition, multi-scale feature mapping and fusion, nonlinear mapping and reconstruction. We illustrate that the incorporating of multiscale feature mapping and fusion stage in the network significantly remove the unwanted illumination information of face images. Besides, a gradient constraint is also added to the overall loss function of the proposed approach to preserve detailed texture information of face images. Face reconstruction and face recognition experiments are conducted in two typical illumination-sensitive data sets, extended YaieB and eMU-PIE. The reconstructed results demonstrate that the proposed approach can efficiently separate out the unwanted illumination information while keeping the discriminant details of face images. Meanwhile, the proposed approach can significantly enhance the face recognition performances of traditional feature descriptors.
Mapping Mangrove Extent and Change: A Globally Applicable Approach

This study demonstrates a globally applicable method for monitoring mangrove forest extent at high spatial resolution. A 2010 mangrove baseline was classified for 16 study areas using a combination of ALOS PALSAR and Landsat composite imagery within a random forests classifier. A novel map-to-image change method was used to detect annual and decadal changes in extent using ALOS PALSAR/JERS-1 imagery. The map-to-image method presented makes fewer assumptions of the data than existing methods, is less sensitive to variation between scenes due to environmental factors (e.g., tide or soil moisture) and is able to automatically identify a change threshold. Change maps were derived from the 2010 baseline to 1996 using JERS-1 SAR and to 2007, 2008 and 2009 using ALOS PALSAR. This study demonstrated results for 16 known hotspots of mangrove change distributed globally, with a total mangrove area of 2,529,760 ha. The method was demonstrated to have accuracies consistently in excess of 90% (overall accuracy: 92.2–93.3%, kappa: 0.86) for mapping baseline extent. The accuracies of the change maps were more variable and were dependent upon the time period between images and number of change features. Total change from 1996 to 2010 was 204,850 ha (127,990 ha gain, 76,860 ha loss), with the highest gains observed in French Guiana (15,570 ha) and the highest losses observed in East Kalimantan, Indonesia (23,003 ha). Changes in mangrove extent were the consequence of both natural and anthropogenic drivers, yielding net increases or decreases in extent dependent upon the study site. These updated maps are of importance to the mangrove research community, particularly as the continual updating of the baseline with currently available and anticipated spaceborne sensors. It is recommended that mangrove baselines are updated on at least a 5-year interval to suit the requirements of policy makers.
Efficient Detection of Soft Concatenation Mapping

In modern big data warehouse systems, we observe a common phenomenon that a column of data values can be derived from one or several other columns by transforming and concatenating these columns. We call this relationship between columns a Soft Concatenation Mapping (SCM). SCMs imply significant redundancy in the schema or data, and therefore can be exploited for data integration or data compression. In this paper, we formalize the problem of SCM detection and prove it is NP-hard. We then propose efficient approximate algorithms to detect all SCMs or an optimal set of SCMs in a table. Our experiments on both real-world and synthetic datasets show promising results.
Attitudes and Responses of Medical Students and Professional Anatomists to Dissecting Different Regions of the Body

Although there have been many studies assessing emotional responses of medical students to the dissecting room experience, little is known about whether dissecting particular regions of the human body cause more concern than others. Furthermore, no studies have been conducted on the concerns of professional anatomists. In this study, we assessed the hypothesis that medical students are more concerned about the dissection of the face, the perineum and the extremities of the limbs. We also hypothesized that there are gender differences. For the reactions of a group of professional anatomists from the United States and Europe we hypothesized that they were less concerned than the medical students and showed no differences across the regions of the body. The hypotheses were tested by means of questionnaires distributed to medical students at Cardiff University and at the Descartes Paris University who had recently completed their anatomy courses and to anatomists working at universities in Europe and the USA. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the ethical committees at the Cardiff School of Biosciences and at Paris and all data was obtained by consent of the respondents and remained confidential. The findings were complex, although the level of concern was low overall. Some regional differences were discerned, particularly concerning the face, the perineum, the hand and the female chest. Anatomists were less concerned than the students and female students and female anatomists showed more concern than their male counterparts. Few differences were discerned however between student respondents who had positive and neutral attitudes to gender “politics” and those who espoused negative views. We recommend that, at the start of an anatomy dissection course, time is spent dealing with sensitive issues (including equality and diversity issues), emotional responses, and matters pertaining to mortality. However, we argue that this should not involve hiding regions of the body, nor overreacting to the natural anxiety of students, since doing either of these things could enhance negative reactions and stifle the progress of the student from being a layperson to a competent healthcare professional. Clin. Anat. 32:253–267, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors affecting intention to use online dating sites in Malaysia

Online dating communities have great market potential; therefore, understanding the perceptions of young generation of the factors influencing their intention to use such site is vital. This research examined five key dimensions of intention to use online dating communities in Malaysia based on some information system theories. Research model for this study was developed based on the literature on information system research. This study was adopted convenient sampling of non-probability sampling procedure. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire and multiple linear regression was used to analyze data. The findings of the study show that word-of-mouth, attitude, perceived enjoyment and perceived playfulness are key determinants of young adults’ intention to use online dating sites. However, there is no significant relationship between trust and intention to use online dating sites. This research can serve as a starting point for online dating research, while encouraging further exploration and integration addition adoption constructs. Other business agencies should create better awareness of the usage of online dating sites. As Malaysian are choosing their own pair for their family life, so this finding gives some insight to the young generation of Malaysia to focus on finding their own partners from online sites.
Multimode-Inspired Low Cross-Polarization Multiband Antenna Fabricated Using Graphene-Based Conductive Ink

In this letter, a dual-port antenna for multiband operation is reported. The prototype of the proposed design is fabricated using graphene-based conductive ink printed textile showing the surface resistance of 2.7 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega /\square$</tex-math></inline-formula>, and conductivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{0.37}\times \text{10}^5$</tex-math></inline-formula> S/m. The microstructural analysis of the conductive ink printed cotton fabric is done by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and electric characteristic is extracted using a four-probe measurement. The proposed antenna resonates at a triple-band and dual-band mode through two different feeding locations. Through Port-1, the antenna resonates only at higher order TM<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{02}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and TM<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{20}$</tex-math></inline-formula> modes, whereas through Port-2 three TM<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{10}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, TM<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{02}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and TM<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{20}$</tex-math></inline-formula> modes are excited. Thereafter, the Co- and Cross-Polarization (CP-XP) isolation of each band is investigated identifying only two useful frequency bands TM<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{10}$</tex-math> </inline-formula>, 2.9 GHz, and TM<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{20}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, 6 GHz. A defected ground structure (DGS) technique is deployed to improve the CP-XP isolation of TM <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{m0}$</tex-math></inline-formula> modes achieving CP-XP isolation better than 30 and 15 dB in both useful bands. The measured results have a fairly good agreement with simulated results.
An Analysis of Parameters of Decomposition-Based MOEAs on Many-Objective Optimization

This paper presents an analysis of parameters defined within some of the most representative decomposition-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) namely: MOEA/D, MOEA/D-DE, and MOEA/D-DRA. Our main interest is focused in the many-objective context, where decomposition-based MOEAs have been successfully applied, but a lack of analysis on the relevance of their parameters is evidently observable. We review the literature related to those parameter values that have been commonly adopted and we perform some experiments oriented to validate these decisions. Our results show that some alternative parameter configurations can allow these methods to obtain better solutions than the standard values. Moreover, some of our recommendations can conduct to inspect in detail the design of these algorithms.
Integrative genomic analysis reveals novel regulatory mechanisms of eyeless during Drosophila eye development

Abstract Eyeless (ey) is one of the most critical transcription factors for initiating the entire eye development in Drosophila. However, the molecular mechanisms through which Ey regulates target genes and pathways have not been characterized at the genomic level. Using ChIP-Seq, we generated an endogenous Ey-binding profile in Drosophila developing eyes. We found that Ey binding occurred more frequently at promoter compared to non-promoter regions. Ey promoter binding was correlated with the active transcription of genes involved in development and transcription regulation. An integrative analysis revealed that Ey directly regulated a broad and highly connected genetic network, including many essential patterning pathways, and known and novel eye genes. Interestingly, we observed that Ey could target multiple components of the same pathway, which might enhance its control of these pathways during eye development. In addition to protein-coding genes, we discovered Ey also targeted non-coding RNAs, which represents a new regulatory mechanism employed by Ey. These findings suggest that Ey could use multiple molecular mechanisms to regulate target gene expression and pathway function, which might enable Ey to exhibit a greater flexibility in controlling different processes during eye development.
Post‐metamorphic ontogeny of Zoroaster fulgens Thomson, 1873 (Asteroidea, Forcipulatacea)

The complete ontogenetic development of an asteroid skeleton has never been described formally for any species. Here, we describe in detail the post‐metamorphic ontogeny of Zoroaster fulgens Thomson, 1873. The major novelty of our work is the description of patterns of plate addition, the ontogeny of the internal ossicles, as well as the variability of ossicles according to their position along series. Seven specimens collected in the Rockall Basin (North Atlantic) were dissected with bleach and their anatomy was documented using a scanning electron microscope. The external anatomy was additionally observed on more than 30 specimens. We found that the overall structure of the skeleton does not change much between juveniles and adults, but the shape of individual ossicle changes during growth. Allometric scaling was particularly visible on the orals, ambulacrals and adambulacrals. The shape of an ossicle is more dependent of its position along the arm series than of its individual size. Many morphological features differentiate progressively during ontogeny, while others are expressed consistently among specimens. The study of this ontogenetic series allows discussing the homology between the structures present on the ossicles of Z. fulgens in particular and other forcipulatacean sea stars in general (i.e. muscles insertions and articulation areas). The new data obtained in this study provide a comprehensive framework of the anatomy and ontogeny of Z. fulgens that will help resolve taxonomic and phylogenetic controversies in the future.
Reliability Study and Thermal Performance of LEDs on Molded Interconnect Devices (MID) and PCB

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have increasingly replaced conventional lamps in the fields of general lighting and consumer electronics. In addition to the sharp price fall, this is also due to the significantly higher energy efficiency and the smaller, more compact design. Recently, their robustness and reliability have also reached a level of quality that surpasses the characteristics of conventional light sources such as halogen and fluorescent lamps. Characteristics, such as excellent design freedom and the possibility for functional integration, highlight the main qualities of molded interconnect devices (MIDs). The use of this technology does not only open doors to extend the application field of LEDs to new products but also presents challenges to the lighting industry. There are many studies dealing with the reliability of LEDs as well as with the usability of the MID technology in different fields. But, the lack of experience from the manufacturers regarding the behavior of this interesting configuration (LED/MID) over the entire life cycle prevents this technology from establishing and consolidating its existence. As LEDs in the automotive sector, especially within headlamps, assume increasingly powerful lighting tasks and are no longer used exclusively for signal transfer or for displays, thermal properties of the substrate materials and the thermo-mechanical behavior of the assembly are particularly relevant. In this context, this paper presents a deep and detailed reliability investigation of this system (LED/MID) and examines the influence of the MID substrate choice on the long-term performance of the LED. The impact of the forward current and of the ambient temperature on the junction temperature of the LED is a proven fact. Therefore, the MID effect was inspected under different operating conditions based on infrared thermography. After analyzing the occurred failure mechanisms, by means of X-ray analysis, thermal transient testing and microscopy, the resulting lifetime model is also presented and discussed.
Implementing personalized medicine in diabetic kidney disease: Stakeholders' perspectives

The promise of personalized medicine to deliver “the right treatments at the right time to the right person” is the next frontier in healthcare. However, to implement personalized medicine in chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a number of different aspects need to be taken into account. Better risk stratification and more precise options for treatment need to be developed and included in clinical practice guidelines. A patient's unique psychological, social and environmental situation also drive disease progression and outcomes. Appraising the cost effectiveness of precision medicines is necessary, not just as the cost of new therapies, but also the cost of diagnosis with novel methodologies and averted complications. As the prevalence of DKD grows worldwide to epidemic proportions, challenges such as global disparities in resources, access to healthcare and prevalence need to be addressed. This review considers these issues to achieve the short and longer‐term goals of implementing personalized medicine in clinical practice.
How Should Japanese Companies Build Absorptive Capacity at the Team Level? The Key Role of Gatekeeper and Combinative Capabilities

Absorptive Capacity (ACAP) has been defined as a set of dynamic organizational routines and processes, by which firms acquire, assimilate, transform, and exploit knowledge. Since open innovation, especially inbound open innovation and coupled open innovation, needs teams to absorb external knowledge, ACAP is a prerequisite for open innovation. However, a multitude of Japanese companies have difficulty in building ACAP and there is little conceptual framing and empirical effort to find out the reason for a team's level. Therefore, this paper investigates what Japanese companies' teams should do to build ACAP for open innovation, with a focus on two key factors that influence ACAP: Gatekeeper and Combinative Capabilities. Based on an empirical study which focuses on a project team's business context in one of Japan's largest IT Service companies, this paper examines the actual conditions of gatekeeper and combinative capabilities, as well as the level of PACAP and RACAP in one project team of this company. The results suggest that a project team that has enough combinative capabilities and gatekeepers with sufficient ability and authority will likely have a high level of ACAP. This paper also suggests what Japanese companies' teams should do to develop combinative capabilities and how to support their gatekeepers.
Integration of Terrestrial and Drone-Borne Hyperspectral and Photogrammetric Sensing Methods for Exploration Mapping and Mining Monitoring

Mapping lithology and geological structures accurately remains a challenge in difficult terrain or in active mining areas. We demonstrate that the integration of terrestrial and drone-borne multi-sensor remote sensing techniques significantly improves the reliability, safety, and efficiency of geological activities during exploration and mining monitoring. We describe an integrated workflow to produce a geometrically and spectrally accurate combination of a Structure-from-Motion Multi-View Stereo point cloud and hyperspectral data cubes in the visible to near-infrared (VNIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR), as well as long-wave infrared (LWIR) ranges acquired by terrestrial and drone-borne imaging sensors. Vertical outcrops in a quarry in the Freiberg mining district, Saxony (Germany), featuring sulfide-rich hydrothermal zones in a granitoid host, are used to showcase the versatility of our approach. The image data are processed using spectroscopic and machine learning algorithms to generate meaningful 2.5D (i.e., surface) maps that are available to geologists on the ground just shortly after data acquisition. We validate the remote sensing data with thin section analysis and laboratory X-ray diffraction, as well as point spectroscopic data. The combination of ground- and drone-based photogrammetric and hyperspectral VNIR, SWIR, and LWIR imaging allows for safer and more efficient ground surveys, as well as a better, statistically sound sampling strategy for further structural, geochemical, and petrological investigations.
Chimpanzee Cooperation Is Fast and Independent From Self-Control

Large-scale cooperation is a hallmark of our species and appears to be unique among primates. Yet the evolutionary mechanisms that drove the emergence of humanlike patterns of cooperation remain unclear. Studying the cognitive processes underlying cooperative behavior in apes, our closest living relatives, can help identify these mechanisms. Accordingly, we employed a novel test battery to assess the willingness of 40 chimpanzees to donate resources, instrumentally help others, and punish a culpable thief. We found that chimpanzees were faster to make prosocial than selfish choices and that more prosocial individuals made the fastest responses. Further, two measures of self-control did not predict variation in prosocial responding, and individual performance across cooperative tasks did not covary. These results show that chimpanzees and humans share key cognitive processes for cooperation, despite differences in the scope of their cooperative behaviors.