Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A route for the direct crystallization of dolomite

Abstract The direct crystallization of dolomite from an aqueous solution at temperatures between 60-220 °C was followed in situ through time-resolved synchrotron-based energy-dispersive X‑ray diffraction combined with offline high-resolution imaging, X‑ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. Crystalline CaMg(CO3)2 phases form through a three-stage process. In the first stage, a nanoparticulate magnesium-deficient, amorphous calcium carbonate (Mg-ACC) with a nominal formula of Ca0.606Mg0. 394CO3·1.37H2O forms. After a temperature-dependent induction time, during stage 2 the Mg-ACC partially dehydrates and orders prior to its rapid (<5 min) crystallization to non-stoichiometric proto-dolomite. This occurs via the dissolution of Mg-ACC, followed by the secondary nucleation of proto-dolomite from solution. The proto-dolomite crystallization proceeds via spherulitic growth that follows a growth front nucleation mechanism with a de-nuovo and continuous formation of nanocrystalline proto-dolomite subunits that form spherical aggregates. In stage three of the reaction, the proto-dolomite transforms to highly crystalline and stoichiometric dolomite on a much longer timescale (hours to days), via an Ostwald-ripening mechanism. Such a three-stage crystallization can explain microbially induced proto-dolomites observed in modern hypersaline settings and may also be the route by which the Cryogenian cap dolomite deposits of the Neoproterozoic formed.
Transcriptional Profiling of Rhesus Monkey Embryonic Stem Cells1

Abstract Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) may be able to cure or alleviate the symptoms of various degenerative diseases. However, unresolved issues regarding survival, functionality, and tumor formation mean a prudent approach should be adopted towards advancing ESCs into human clinical trials. The rhesus monkey provides an ideal model organism for developing strategies to prevent immune rejection and test the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of ESC-based medical treatments. Transcriptional profiling of rhesus monkey ESCs provides a foundation for pre-clinical ESC research in this species. In the present study, we used microarray technology, immunocytochemistry, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to characterize and transcriptionally profile rhesus monkey ESCs. We identified 367 stemness gene candidates that were highly (>85%) conserved across five different ESC lines. Rhesus monkey ESC lines maintained a pluripotent undifferentiated state over a wide range of POU5F1 (also known as OCT4) expression levels, and comparisons between rhesus monkey, mouse, and human stemness genes revealed five mammalian stemness genes: CCNB1, GDF3, LEFTB, POU5F1, and NANOG. These five mammalian genes are strongly expressed in rhesus monkey, mouse, and human ESCs, albeit only in the undifferentiated state, and represent the core key mammalian stemness factors.
Stock Issues and Investment Policy When Firms Have Information that Investors Do Not Have

This paper describes corporate investment and financing decisions when managers have inside information about the value of the firm's existing investment and growth opportunities, but cannot convey that information to investors. Capital markets are otherwise perfect and efficient. In these circumstances, the firm may forego a valuable investment opportunity rather than issue stock to finance it. The decision to issue cannot fully convey the managers' special information. If stock is issued, stock price falls. Liquid assets or financial slack are valuable if they reduce the probability or extent of stock issues. The paper also suggests explanations for some aspects of dividend policy and choice of capital structure.
Working the net : a critical study on networking practices in university-industry collaborations

Building on the previous chapter, in chapter 3 we combine the practice approach to networking and the critical diversity perspective to explore how power is enacted through networking practices. We do so by conducting an in-depth case study of MediPro, a university-industry collaboration project in the field of medical technology. We build upon Giddens’ structuration theory (Giddens, 1979, 1984) to explore how project participants enact power through engaging in networking practices in the context of this collaboration and of the broader social systems in which the participants move. The study allows us to contribute in two knowledge domains. First, the study adds to the development of the notion of networking as a practice by building a relational understanding of power in networking. This approach is relatively underdeveloped (Swan & Scarbrough, 2005). Second, it adds to university-industry literature by exploring how power is an inherent part of universityindustry collaborations. As practical implication and a conclusion to the chapter, we incorporate the findings into the exploration of the idea of a “third space” for university-industry collaborations. In this ideal-like space, we argue, scientists, industry representatives, and funding agency officers work on their mutual relationships to strengthen the bridge between science and industry and eventually come to power-balanced and productive collaboration and innovation development.
Head and neck lesions: characterization with diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging.

PURPOSE To evaluate whether apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) calculated from diffusion-weighted echo-planar magnetic resonance (MR) images can be used to characterize head and neck lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging was performed with a 1.5-T MR unit in 97 head and neck lesions in 97 patients. Images were obtained with a diffusion-weighted factor, factor b, of 0, 500, and 1,000 sec/mm(2), and an ADC map was constructed. The ADCs of lesions, cerebrospinal fluid, and spinal cord were calculated. RESULTS Acceptable images for ADC measurement were obtained in 81 (84%) patients. The mean ADC of malignant lymphomas, (0.66 +/- 0.17[SD]) x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec (n = 13), was significantly smaller (P <.001) than that of carcinomas. The mean ADC of carcinomas, (1.13 +/- 0.43) x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec (n = 36), was significantly smaller (P =.002) than that of benign solid tumors. The mean ADC of benign solid tumors, (1.56 +/- 0.51) x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec (n = 22), was significantly smaller (P =.035) than that of benign cystic lesions, (2.05 +/- 0.62) x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec (n = 10). No significant differences were seen in the mean ADC of cerebrospinal fluid and of spinal cord among four groups of lesions. When an ADC smaller than 1.22 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec was used for predicting malignancy, the highest accuracy of 86%, with 84% sensitivity and 91% specificity, was obtained. CONCLUSION Measurement of ADCs may be used to characterize head and neck lesions.
Factors, Issues, and Problems in the Recruitment and Retention of Teachers for Rural Schools.

1report thefindings of a survey of558 teachers in ruralschools and districts throughout BritishColumbia, Canada. The study soughtdemographic data; background information about influences on subjects'decisions to enter, to remain in, or to leave their districts; anddata regarding their participation in a governmentloan forgiveness program. The primaryaim of theresearch was todevelop a profile of the ruralschool teacher and his/hercareer decision patterns, in order to extend and strengthen both the current literature andschool districts' recruitment and retention efforts. The data were gathered by means of a survey questionnaire, tabulated, and analyzed for significant differences among variousdemographic groups. Sher's (983) categories-characteristics, condi­ tions, and compensation-providedthe framework for the discussion of the findings. Thestudy yieldedacomprehensivedemographic profile of ruralschool teachers. Further, thedata indicated that the job itself, lifestyle, school district recruiters, the financial dimension, social and recreational opportu­ nities, and partner's job were importantfactors in at least one of teachers', three sets of majorcareer decisions.
The oxidative mechanism of heparin interferes with radical production by glucose and reduces the degree of glycooxidative modifications on human serum albumin.

Among substances which may prove useful in preventing or reducing the progression of glycooxidative modifications of proteins, heparin plays a unique role. To elucidate the mechanism whereby heparin may favourably influence the protein structure during glycation, human serum albumin (HSA) was glycated with both 25 and 50 mM glucose in the absence and presence of 12 microg.mL(-1) low-molecular-mass heparin. Glycation caused: (a) modifications of fluorescence emission and excitation spectra consistent with the covalent attachment of glucose to protein; (b) a significant increase in the esterase activity of HSA on p-nitrophenyl acetate; (c) a reduced susceptibility to tryptic digestion and (d) enhanced formation of high-molecular mass aggregates of HSA. These alterations were accompanied by oxidative reactions, as the EPR spectra showed a clear-cut radical signal, dependent on glucose concentration, further confirmed by measurement of the carbonyl content of HSA, as an indirect proof of oxidative damage. In the presence of heparin all the above alterations, especially at 25 mM glucose, turned out to be antagonized. The effects of heparin were dependent on its specific binding to HSA, which triggered an oxidative mechanism strikingly different from that caused by glucose. In the presence of heparin, only the radical species catalyzed by heparin was detected across all samples of glycated HSA, irrespective of glucose concentration. In addition, at 25 mM glucose, enhancement of the oxidative capacity of heparin was also observed. The results demonstrate that the oxidative mechanism sustained by heparin mediates biological effects that may be beneficial in reducing the extent of glycooxidative damage on HSA.
Collaborative forecasting and planning in supply chains

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the impact of internal and external collaborative forecasting and planning on logistics and production performance.Design/methodology/approach – To measure the degree of collaborative forecasting and planning, the concept of collaboration is categorized into three dimensions: sharing resources, collaborative process operation, and collaborative process improvement. Based on these dimensions, a survey of Japanese manufacturers was conducted and the analytical model is proposed to examine using structural equation modeling.Findings – There are positive relationships between internal and external collaborative forecasting and planning. Upstream and downstream collaborative forecasting and planning are also positively related. Internal collaborative forecasting and planning has a positive effect on relative logistics and production performance. External collaborative forecasting and planning does not have a significant effect on relative logistics .
Purification, Characterization, and Comparison of the DNA Polymerases from Two Primate RNA Tumor Viruses

The DNA polymerase from the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV), an RNA tumor virus not typical type-C or type-B, has been purified a thousand-fold over the original crude viral suspension. This purified enzyme is compared to a similarly purified DNA polymerase from the primate woolly monkey virus, a type-C virus. The two enzymes have similar template specificities but differ in their requirements for optimum activity. Both DNA polymerases have a pH optimum of 7.3 in Tris buffer. M-PMV enzyme has maximum activity with 5 mM Mg2+ and 40 mM potassium chloride, whereas the woolly monkey virus optima are 100 mM potassium chloride with 0.8 mM Mn2+. The apparent molecular weight of the M-PMV enzyme is approximately 110,000, whereas the woolly monkey virus polymerase is approximately 70,000. The biochemical properties of these two enzymes were also compared to a similarly purified enzyme from a type-C virus from a lower mammal (Rauscher murine leukemia virus). The results show that more similarity exists between the DNA polymerases from viruses of the same type (type-C), than between the polymerases from viruses of different types but from closely related species.
Periodic Gene Expression Patterns during the Highly Synchronized Cell Nucleus and Organelle Division Cycles in the Unicellular Red Alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae

Previous cell cycle studies have been based on cell-nuclear proliferation only. Eukaryotic cells, however, have double membranes-bound organelles, such as the cell nucleus, mitochondrion, plastids and single-membrane-bound organelles such as ER, the Golgi body, vacuoles (lysosomes) and microbodies. Organelle proliferations, which are very important for cell functions, are poorly understood. To clarify this, we performed a microarray analysis during the cell cycle of Cyanidioschyzon merolae. C. merolae cells contain a minimum set of organelles that divide synchronously. The nuclear, mitochondrial and plastid genomes were completely sequenced. The results showed that, of 158 genes induced during the S or G2-M phase, 93 were known and contained genes related to mitochondrial division, ftsZ1-1, ftsz1-2 and mda1, and plastid division, ftsZ2-1, ftsZ2-2 and cmdnm2. Moreover, three genes, involved in vesicle trafficking between the single-membrane organelles such as vps29 and the Rab family protein, were identified and might be related to partitioning of single-membrane-bound organelles. In other genes, 46 were hypothetical and 19 were hypothetical conserved. The possibility of finding novel organelle division genes from hypothetical and hypothetical conserved genes in the S and G2-M expression groups is discussed.
An analysis of the length of stay in traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injured patients. A rehabilitation unit experience in Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE To determine and analyze the influence of age, gender, type of injury, and ethnicity in the length of stay (LoS) of in-patient rehabilitation unit patients after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) and non- traumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI). METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of all patients who completed the TSCI and NTSCI rehabilitation program at Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January 2005 to October 2008. Admission records of 495 traumatic spinal cord injured (male 404, female 91; mean age 34.30.68 years) and 126 non-traumatic spinal cord injured patients (male 81, female 45; mean age 451.56 years) were identified. We excluded patients aged < or = 10 and > or = 81 years due to the small proportion. The influence of age, gender, type of injury, and ethnic differences in the LoS were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with TSCI, patients with NTSCI had a significantly (p=0.035) shorter LoS (58.8+/-1.68, 46.2+/-2.1). The frequency of the TSCI was higher in the 21-30 age groups and lower in the 71-80 age group. Compared with TSCI, the frequency of NTSCI was less in all age groups. The LoS of male was longer than the female in all age groups. The LoS of Saudi patients were higher in TSCI (p=0.021) and NTSCI rehabilitation program compared with the non-Saudis. CONCLUSION The results of the study suggest that the gender, types of injury, and ethnicity differences were influencing factors of LoS of traumatic and non traumatic spinal cord injured patients.
Contests for Revenue Share∗

In a framework of contest design, we study capacity-constrained competition and analyze its resulting revenue shares. Our analysis contrasts the near-symmetric case, where firms have similar supply sizes, and the extremely asymmetric case, where one large firm dominates the market. In particular, we show that while in the near-symmetric case simple contests provide near optimal equilibrium revenues for all sellers, in the asymmetric case a large firm can design more complicated contests that result in disproportionally low equilibrium revenues for her smaller opponents. ∗This work was conducted at Microsoft Research. A previous version of this paper, titled “Competition Among Asymmetric Sellers With Fixed Supply”, was presented at the 14th ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce (EC’13), and its abstract (14 lines) was included in the conference proceedings. †Weizmann Institute of Science. Email: uriel.feige@weizmann.ac.il. ‡Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. Email: ronlavi@ie.technion. ac.il. This author is supported by a Marie-Curie IOF fellowship. §Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. Email: moshet@ie.technion. ac.il.
Daily Affective and Behavioral Forecasts in Romantic Relationships

The current research examined accuracy and bias in daily forecasts within romantic relationships. Results of an extensive daily report study involving 200 romantic dyads and 4,822 daily observations suggested that predictions regarding affect and partner behavior that will occur tomorrow are somewhat accurate, predicted by actual experiences tomorrow, but are largely biased by current experiences. Participants appeared to project the current state of their relationship into the future, a temporal projection bias. This bias predicted forecasters’ pro-relationship motivation and behavior. Forecasters were less likely to exhibit the temporal projection bias when they were high in relationship commitment, and they were more likely to exhibit the bias when they were high in need for cognitive closure, suggesting that motivation can constrain or amplify tendencies to project the present into the future. Implications for interpersonal relationships are discussed.
Effects of supra‐physiological changes in human ovarian hormone levels on maximum force production of the first dorsal interosseus muscle

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of supra‐physiological changes in ovarian hormone levels on maximum force production in two conditions, one physiological (pregnancy) and one pseudo‐physiological (in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment). Forty IVF patients were tested at four distinct stages of treatment and 35 women were tested during each trimester of pregnancy and following parturition. Maximum voluntary isometric force per unit cross‐sectional area of the first dorsal interosseus muscle was measured. Plasma concentrations of total and bioavailable oestradiol and testosterone were measured, in addition to the total concentrations of progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin. Despite significant changes in the concentrations of total progesterone, 17β‐oestradiol, bioavailable oestradiol and testosterone between phases, strength did not change significantly throughout IVF treatment (1.30 ± 0.29, 1.16 ± 0.38, 1.20 ± 0.29 and 1.26 ± 0.34 N mm−2, respectively, in the 4 phases of IVF treatment). Force production was significantly higher during the second trimester of pregnancy than following childbirth (1.33 ± 0.20 N mm−2 at week 12 of pregnancy, 1.51 ± 0.42 N mm−2 at week 20, 1.15 ± 0.26 N mm−2 at week 36 and 0.94 ± 0.31 N mm−2 at week 6 postnatal) but was not significantly correlated with any of the hormones measured. These data suggest that extreme changes in the concentrations of reproductive hormones do not affect the maximum force‐generating capacity of young women.
Do we need a power exchange if there are enough power marketers

Decentralization in electricity restructuring is a growing trend that Power Marketers are ex- pected to take advantage of. We consider a market composed of Power Marketers, an Indepen- dent System Operator, generators and retailers. Power Marketers behave a` la Cournot-Nash and the ISO implements a Transmission Capacity Reservation market a` la FERC. Retailers are price taker. Generators’ behavior is only reflected in the purchase costs of the Power Marketers. Their behavior is thus not really modeled. We define equilibrium of this market and show that it is efficient when the number of the Power Marketers is large enough.
In Vitro and in Vivo Regulation of Human Tumor Antigen Expression by Human Recombinant Interferons: A Review

The ongoing development of monoclonal antibody technology may eventually lead to the selective targeting of human carcinoma lesions by MAbs conjugated with a variety of cytotoxic agents (i.e., radionuclides, drugs, etc.). The antigen phenotype of the carcinoma cell will play an important role in the efficacy of the MAbs. Clearly, the human tumor antigens that are expressed on all carcinoma cells, and with a high antigen density, should provide the optimal target for the MAbs. More often than not, however, the human tumor antigens whose expression is highly selective for human tumor cells will also exhibit a certain degree of heterogeneity. Therefore, the ability of interferon to augment the level of expression of human tumor antigens such as TAG-72 and CEA, may play an important role in an adjuvant setting for immunoscintigraphy and/or immunotherapy. More recent observations have demonstrated that interferon treatment can also enhance the amount of TAG-72 and CEA secreted by the tumor cell. The ability of interferon to enhance the shedding of both TAG-72 and CEA could be of particular importance since recent reports suggest that their presence in the sera of patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma may be complementary and that the ability to increase either marker may facilitate earlier diagnosis of recurrent disease. It is conceivable that in subsequent years effective approaches to monitoring and/or treating malignacies may include a new combination of biological/immunological therapy.
EEG ASYMMETRY RESPONSES TO LAVENDER AND ROSEMARY AROMAS IN ADULTS AND INFANTS

Frontal EEG asymmetry shifting from baseline was examined in adults and infants exposed to lavender and rosemary by reanalyzing previously published data, using techniques different from those utilized in the original two studies. Results from Study 1 on 39 adults revealed significant EEG shifting in the lavender group, with greater relative left frontal EEG activation (associated with greater approach behavior and less depressed affect). The participants in the two aroma groups were further grouped by those with greater baseline, relative to left frontal EEG activation, versus those with a greater baseline, relative to right frontal activation. Collapsing across aroma groups, those with greater baseline, relative to right frontal activation, shifted left during the aroma. Those with greater baseline relative to left frontal activation did not change. In the rosemary group, those with greater baseline relative to right frontal EEG activation shifted left during the aroma, while those with greater baselines relative to left frontal EEG activation shifted right. In the lavender group, those with greater baselines relative to right frontal baseline EEG activation shifted left, but those with greater baselines relative to left baseline did not shift. Study 2 on 27 full-term newborns revealed no significant shifts in asymmetry in either aroma group. However, when the aroma groups were collapsed, the right frontal EEG group exhibited significant shifting relative to left frontal EEG activation. This finding was similar to the adult findings, suggesting that either lavender or rosemary may induce left frontal EEG shifting in adults and infants who show greater baselines relative to right frontal EEG activation.