Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The determination of base station placement and transmit power in an inhomogeneous traffic distribution for radio network planning

In this paper, the base station placement is automatically determined using genetic approach, and the transmit power is estimated considering the interference situation in the case of interference-dominant systems. For applying a genetic algorithm to the base station placement problem, a new representation scheme with real numbers is proposed. And, corresponding operators such as crossover and mutation are introduced. A weighted objective function is designed for performing the cell planning coverage, cost-effectively. To verify the proposed algorithm, the situation where the optimum positions and number of base stations are obvious is considered. The proposed algorithm is applied to an inhomogeneous traffic density environment, where a base station's coverage may be limited by offered traffic loads. Simulation result proves that the algorithm enables us to find near optimal base station placement and the efficient number of base stations.
A survey of Bayesian predictive methods for model assessment, selection and comparison

To date, several methods exist in the statistical literature for model assessment, which purport themselves specifically as Bayesian predic- tive methods. The decision theoretic assumptions on which these methods are based are not always clearly stated in the original articles, however. The aim of this survey is to provide a unified review of Bayesian predictive model assessment and selection methods, and of methods closely related to them. We review the various assumptions that are made in this context and discuss the connections between different approaches, with an emphasis on how each method approximates the expected utility of using a Bayesian model for the purpose of predicting future data.
Images of school principals' information and communications technology leadership

This article describes a qualitative study designed to investigate information and communications technology (ICT) leadership by considering the lived experiences of principals in 10 carefully selected ICT-enriched schools in Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. To encourage further discussion regarding the impact of ICT on educational leadership practice, I have outlined a framework that suggests eight categories of ICT leadership. Although this study focussed on principals of ICT-enriched schools, the practical wisdom of the study participants has potential to assist other educational leaders who are expected to ensure that ICT becomes a tool to enhance learning, teaching, and leadership.
Flavonoids from Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa

Abstract Eight flavonoid compounds were isolated from the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. Spinosa . On the basis of chemical and spectral analyses their structures were elucidated as swertish ( 1 ), puerarin ( 2 ), 6‴-feruloylspinosin ( 3 ), apigenin-6- C -β- d -glucopyranoside ( 4 ), spinosin ( 5 ), 6‴-feruloylisospinosin ( 6 ), isospinosin ( 7 ), and isovitexin-2″- O -β- d -glucopyranoside ( 8 ). Flavonoids 6 and 7 are novel compounds. Rotamers exist for compounds 1 , 3 and 5 , which are reported for the first time. Compounds 2 , 4 and 8 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Spinosin and swertish possess significant sedative activity.
Overcoming Localization Errors due to Node Power Drooping in a Wireless Sensor Network

Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) plays a vital role in the range-free localization of sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network and a good amount of research has been made in this regard. One important factor is the battery voltage of the nodes (i.e., the MICAz sensors) which is not taken into account in the existing literature. As battery voltage level performs an indispensable role for the position estimation of sensor nodes through anchor nodes therefore, in this paper, we take into a account this crucial factor and propose an algorithm that overcomes the problem of decaying battery. We show the results, in terms of more precise localization of sensor nodes through simulation. This work is an extension to (1) and now we also use neural network to overcome the localization errors generated due to gradual battery voltage drooping.
Federated square root filter for decentralized parallel processors

An efficient, federated Kalman filter is developed for use in distributed multisensor systems. The design accommodates sensor-dedicated local filters, some of which use data from a common reference subsystem. The local filters run in parallel, and provide sensor data compression via prefiltering. The master filter runs at a selectable reduced rate, fusing local filter outputs via efficient square root algorithms. Common local process noise correlations are handled by use of a conservative matrix upper bound. The federated filter yields estimates that are globally optimal or conservatively suboptimal, depending upon the master filter processing rate. This design achieves a major improvement in throughput (speed), is well suited to real-time system implementation, and enhances fault detection, isolation, and recovery capability. >
Layered Region Based Flow-Sensitive Demand-Driven Alias Analysis

The pointer alias is indispensable for program analysis. Comparing to point-to set, it’s more efficient to formulate the alias as the context free language (CFL) reachability problem. However, the precision is limited to flow-insensitivity. To solve this problem, we propose a flow sensitive, demand-driven analysis algorithm for answering may-alias queries. First the partial single static assignment is used to discriminate the address-taken pointers. Then the order of control flow is encoded in the level linearization code to ease comparison. Finally, the query of alias in demand driven is converted into the search of CFL reachability with feasible flows. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Evaluation Tests of Information Retrieval Systems

Thirty years or more ago, a favoured question in examination papers for librarians was some variation on the theme ‘Compare the merits of a classified catalogue and an alphabetical subject catalogue’. This was a subject which it was possible to write on or to discuss at great length, advancing a number of theoretical arguments or opinions expressed by pundits, without ever stating a single demonstrable fact. When, in the early 1950's, various people, such as Taube and Mooers, proposed new techniques for indexing, the reaction from the traditionally‐minded was such that it appeared there was to be a repetition of all the old arguments. In an editorial in American Documentation in 1955, Perry expressed a viewpoint, shared by many others, when he wrote:
PREFIXES AS PROCESSING UNITS

Abstract This study addresses the issue of prefix processing and representation by taking into account two quantitative dimensions of prefix distribution in Italian: (1) the number of word-types in which a given prefix is present; (2) the quantitative relationship between this number and the number of word-types in which the same orthographic sequence is present as a pseudoprefix. The effects of these two variables were evaluated in two lexical decision experiments on printed stimuli. In both the experiments, we assessed the performance of subjects on prefixed nonwords resulting from the illegal combination of a prefix and a real word in Italian. The prefixes included in the nonwords varied along the two dimensions. The results showed that decision latencies varied according to the values of the second variable (the quantitative relationship between prefixed and pseudoprefixed words in the language), which appeared to be effective in determining the likelihood of prefix recognition with subsequent morphol.
The development of a conceptual framework for understanding people's requirements for an information service.

The aim of this research was to see whether a conceptual framework could be developed that would help conduct: • studies of people's interaction with information; • user requirements analysis for information services and systems. The following questions were addressed: • could the accumulated past research in user studies and information seeking behaviour now provide a good basis for the development of a conceptual framework for understanding people's interaction with data, information and knowledge and • whether a conceptual framework could be developed that: ~ indicated those factors that influence the individual's interaction with information ~ indicated and helped explain those factors that influence each other and the individual's experience when interacting with information and information systems ~ helped to derive data that enabled the researcher to identify user requirements for an infonnation system that relates to their needs and also whether: • the conceptual framework would help to identify an appropriate research methodology and techniques for studying people and determining their requirements for information services and systems? As a result of the research a framework, that encompassed earlier models and frameworks, was developed. The framework evolved through an inductive analysis of the literature and was then applied to two communities. This led to modification of the framework. The resulting framework, and the levels of analysis that were considered significant, identified categories of data that were important and indicated the relationships between these variables. The communities were postgraduate students and informal carers. Insights were generated into the information experience of the two conununities and their requirements for an infonnation service. With regard to methodology and techniques it was concluded that, although the framework did help to identify the data that one can collect, many techniques, such as observation or task analysis can be applied and are likely to vary, depending on the research context. However certain techniques were shown to be more effective than others for gathering different types of data, such as behvioural or psychological.
Mother tongue policies and mathematical terminology in the teaching of mathematics

The Department of Education in South Africa advocates collaborative and constructivist learning; however, observations indicate that little discussion occurs in most multilingual mathematics classes. In this paper we draw on a pilot study set in the Eastern Cape where teachers were introduced to the theory and practice of exploratory talk, and then tasked to perform an action research project on introducing discussion in their own multilingual mathematics classrooms. The results of the study suggest some successes in terms of teachers initiating exploratory talk and highlight the fact that these successes were only achieved where code switching between English and isiXhosa formed an integral part of the process.
The Self Online: The Utility of Personal Home Pages

The objective of this study was to understand the utility of personal home pages for their creators. Combining survey research and content analysis, the study investigated how demographic and medium use variables, home page motives, unwillingness to communicate, and contextual age were reflected through Web page design. Data analysis revealed that most Web authors hosted a page for information and entertainment purposes, some for self-expression and for communicating with friends and family, and fewer for professional advancement or to pass time. Design tools supplied by the personal home page providers, Web page location, expertise with computers and the Internet, and Web author motivation influenced the look of personal home pages.
Formalizing the potential of stereoscopic 3D user experience in interactive entertainment

The use of stereoscopic 3D vision affects how interactive entertainment has to be developed as well as how it is experienced by the audience. The large amount of possibly impacting factors and variety as well as a certain subtlety of measured effects on user experience make it difficult to grasp the overall potential of using S3D vision. In a comprehensive approach, we (a) present a development framework which summarizes possible variables in display technology, content creation and human factors, and (b) list a scheme of S3D user experience effects concerning initial fascination, emotions, performance, and behavior as well as negative feelings of discomfort and complexity. As a major contribution we propose a qualitative formalization which derives dependencies between development factors and user effects. The argumentation is based on several previously published user studies. We further show how to apply this formula to identify possible opportunities and threats in content creation as well as how to pursue future steps for a possible quantification.
Neural network based nonlinear inverse dynamics for flight controller design

The equations of motion of modern fighter aircraft are highly nonlinear at high angles of attack and at high angular rates. Nonlinear controller design methods can therefore provide superior closed-loop performance by utilizing the nonlinear aircraft dynamics model. The paper presents a methodology for the design of a neural network based inverse dynamics controller for nonlinear aircraft dynamics. The purpose of the inverse dynamics controller is to linearize the aircraft dynamics across the flight envelope. The neural network based design methodology uses the nonlinear simulation of aircraft dynamics to design the controller.
3‐Acylindoles via a One‐Pot, Regioselective Friedel—Crafts Reaction.

3-Acylindoles via a One-Pot, Regioselective Friedel–Crafts Reaction Jam s H. Wynne,a,b Christopher T. Lloyd,a Samuel D. Jensen,a Sean Boson,b Wayne M. Stalick*b,c a Chemistry Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA b Department of Chemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA c Current address: Department of Chemistry, Central Missouri State University, Warrensburg, MO 64093, USA Fax +1(660)5434843; E-mail: wstalick@gmu.edu Received 5 April 2004
Visual and Auditory Cue Effects on Risk Assessment in a Highway Training Simulation

We investigated whether manipulation of visual and auditory depth and speed cues can affect a user’s sense of risk for a low-cost nonimmersive virtual environment (VE) representing a highway environment with traffic incidents. The VE is currently used in an examination program to assess procedural knowledge of highway patrol officers. In its original form, the VE did not convey the danger of the simulated incidents, and trainees did not experience a sense of risk, even though important elements which contribute to a sense of danger in reality (like the speed and proximity of vehicles) were accurately modeled. This deficiency seriously degrades the validity of the VE as an examination tool. To provide viewers a more compelling impression of a simulated highway incident, we added variability to traffic behavior, and enhanced and added several visual and auditory depth and speed cues in the VE, which are known to affect risk perception in reality. Participants passively watched video clips of both the original and the enhanced versions of the simulation, and actively performed a lane crossing task in both interactive versions of the VE. Then, they filled out questionnaires addressing their speed, distance, and risk perception. The implemented changes did not affect speed and distance estimates, but significantly increased perceived personal risk. These results show that relatively minor changes to the visual, auditory, and dynamic aspects of a VE, established through proper analysis of user requirements and tasks, can significantly influence a user’s experience, and thus determine the validity of the simulation for training and evaluation applications.
Characterizing virtual slide exploration through the use of 'search maps'

Currently very little is known about the process by which pathologists arrive at a diagnosis on a case. This process is an integration of the pathologist's slide exploration strategy, perceptual information gathering and cognitive decision making. We have developed a methodology to statically represent the pathologists' dynamic visual search of digital slides by creating a representation of visual sampling called 'search maps'. In these maps slide exploration is divided into three parts, according to the magnification range used. In other words, areas explored at low magnification (<=4x), medium magnification (>4x-10x) and high magnification (>10x-20x) are represented separately. Moreover, representation using the 'search maps' allows for quantitative analysis and pairwise comparison of slide exploration strategy. In this paper we have compared the search maps of experienced pathologists and those of Pathology residents. Our goal was to understand how search differs between the experts and the trainees.
Handling Internet Connectivity Challenges in a Typical University Academic Library in Nigeria: A Case Study of Kenneth Dike Library

This article examines the practical ways of handling Internet connectivity challenges in a typical university academic library setting in Nigeria, using Kenneth Dike Library (KDL), University of Ibadan, as a case study. Both internal and external factors are responsible for the challenges being experienced in terms of Internet connectivity in KDL. The current state of Internet connectivity within the KDL is presented. Also discussed are an overview of the previous model of Local Area Network (LAN) within the KDL, the challenges associated with the previous model, an overview of the new LAN model and discussion/way forward. Finally, conclusion and recommendations are presented.
Why Rules for Risk Communication Are Not Enough: A Problem‐Solving Approach to Risk Communication

Current work on risk communication offers practitioners helpful guidelines and rules such as â€œspeak clearlyâ€ and â€œspeak with compassion. â€ While important, these guidelines have limitations. They offer practitioners and scholars little aid in determining why a communication encounter failed. Also, they do not help practitioners anticipate and overcome likely difficulties in future risk situations, nor can they help locate information about how to reduce these difficulties. To overcome the limitations of ruleâ€ based approaches to risk communication, this paper describes a diagnostic or problemâ€ solving approach. This approach maintains that instead of rules, people need bases for anticipating likely obstacles to effective communication and selecting approaches that reduce these difficulties. Research on building trust, increasing awareness, deepening comprehension, gaining agreement, and motivating action is available in fields such as communication, educational psychology, science education, marketing, counseling, negotiation, and disaster response. This paper describes a framework that assists scholars and practitioners in: (a) identifying communication goals; (b) determining principal obstacles to those goals; and (c) selecting researchâ€ based methods for overcoming or minimizing these difficulties and achieving communication objectives.
Estimation of active myocardial force development: a feasibility study in a potentially clinical setting

The quantitative assessment of (regional) myocardial function remains an important goal in clinical cardiology. We have set out this study to develop a method to estimate myocardial contractility, which can be represented by the active force development in the myocardium during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle. To measure the active force development we coupled a model of cardiac mechanics, with simplified geometry, to haemodynamic data and deformation data, obtained from ultrasonic strain(-rate) imaging. The active stress is estimated from the difference of the total estimated wall stress and the passive stress estimated during diastole. This methodology was validated in ten pigs. The obtained active force time courses appear realistic and compare to results obtained in isolated muscle experiments. The peak active tension was reached at 113/spl plusmn/14 ms after the onset of the QRS complex, i.e. at 1/3 of systole and reached a peak value of 46/spl plusmn/9 kPa. The acquisition setup used in this feasibility study could be transferred as is to the clinical setting of a human cathlab.
Step-Wise Evolution of Mental Models of Electric C ircuits: A "Learning-Aloud" Case Study

Various methods have been tried for fostering conceptual change in science including the use of analogies, discrepant events, and visual models. In this article we describe an approach to teaching complex models in science that takes a model construction cycle of generation, evaluation, and modification as an organizing framework for thinking about when to use each of the previous strategies. This approach of model evolution uses all of the previous methods as students are led to reassess and revise their model many times in the course of the lessons. We reported on the case study of a student in a tutoring experiment using this approach in the study of electric circuits. We concentrated on the student's moments of surprise as motivators of conceptual change. Most of these came from discrepant events, but 1 of them appeared to come from the student's own sensed lack of coherence in an intermediate model. In this case study, the teaching method appears to lead to the construction of an explanatory model that is fairly deeply understood by the student in the sense that it can generate predictions and coherent explanations of a complex system in a transfer problem. Some of our conclusions and hypotheses generated with respect to learning processes are as follows: (a) Discrepant events produced reactions of surprise and were eventually followed by model revisions, leading us to hypothesize a motivating and guiding role for these events; (b) the subject was able to map and apply an air pressure analogy used for electric potential and continued to exhibit traces of it through the posttest interview; (c) the subject's spontaneous use of similar depictive hand motions during the instruction and during the posttest provides initial evidence that the instruction fostered development of dynamic mental models, such as those of fluid-like flows caused by pressure differences, that can generate new mental simulations for understanding relatively difficult transfer problems. This leads us to describe the core of her new knowledge as explanatory models at an intermediate level of generality that allow her to run imagistic simulations and to hypothesize a "transfer of runnability" from the analog conception to the model in this case; (d) we hypothesize that the process underlying model generations and revisions was 1 of scaffolded abductive knowledge construction rather than induction or deduction; that evaluation and revision cycles can make up for the conjectural nature of individual abductions; and that engagement and comprehension in the cycle was fostered by small step sizes for revisions from using multiple "small" discrepant events and analogies built into the lessons.