Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of Dual Material Gate (DMG) Silicon on Insulator (SOI) tunnel fets

As modern day computing systems are designed to perform innumerable number of functions with tremendous speed, the number of circuits to be accommodated in a chip keeps increasing day by day. Hence electronics industry constantly faces the challenge of miniaturization of transistors to increase the package density and thus linear scaling of CMOS technology has become a necessity in the present day microelectronic and nano-electronic regime. This leads to a major crisis of static power consumption and hence conventional MOSFETs fail to be a suitable candidate to handle the situation. Also Short Channel Effects(SCEs) come into picture. So non-conventional devices started gaining its significance to meet the ITRS requirements. A promising candidate that attracted attention was Tunnel FETs which are gated reverse biased p-i-n diodes where ON current would be due to band-to-band tunneling and they exhibit very low OFF current of 10-17 A/µm which makes them a potential solution for power crisis. Also they prove to be an energy efficient electronic switch with a subthreshold swing not limited to 60mV/decade. Negligible Short Channel Effects of these devices gives them an added advantage over conventional MOSFETs . All these features raise up Tunnel FET as superior candidate for future CMOS era. In the presented work, an analysis into the performance of a Dual Material Gate Single Dielectric SOI Tunnel FET has been done. Numerous simulations were done to determine the influence of work functions of both the gate materials on the electrical characteristics of the device. Comparative study was done between Dual Material Gate device and Single Material Gate device with regards to their electrical characteristics as well as SCEs like Drain Induced Barrier Lowering(DIBL) and threshold voltage roll-off. Parameters like intrinsic capacitances as well as transconductances were also determined.
GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL DIVERSITY OF HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L. GROWN IN THE CASPIAN CLIMATE OF IRAN

Hypericum perforatum, also known as St John’s wort, is an important medicinal plant that produces many secondary metabolites that have anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and anti-depression properties. The most effective drug substance in this plant is hypericin that changed in the various genotypes. To investigate the genetic and biochemical diversity of Hypericum perforatum, samples were collected from different genotypes around the Caspian climate region. A total of 15 genotypes from the Hyrcanian Province in the Caspian climate region were evaluated using 15 randomized amplified primers design (RAPD primers). A total number of 90 bands with the average of bands amplified by each primer was 9band. The number of polymorphic bands per primer ranged from 1 to 13 and the bands were 250 to 3000 bp in size. Based on the results, OPAD-10 primer with 13 bands and OPV10 with 7 bands were used as the maximum and minimum number of amplified fragment, respectively. Molecular marker genotypes showed a high degree of polymorphism. Based on the RAPD results, the genotypes were divided into 4 groups. Most similar genotypes with a coefficient of 75% were in subgroup A3 (Noshahr and Kelardasht). Variation in hypericin was very significant in the genotypes grown under identical conditions. The highest amount of hypericin was measured in the Kelardasht genotype and the lowest amount in the Roodsar genotype.
Modal mineralogy of carbonaceous chondrites by X‐ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy

Abstract— Carbonaceous chondrites are among the most analyzed geological materials on Earth. However, despite this attention, and unlike most terrestrial rocks, little is known on the abundance of individual phases within them. Here, we show how a combination of several novel X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques (including a high‐brightness X‐ray MicroSource®), and Mössbauer spectroscopy, allows a complete modal mineralogy to be ascertained from even the most highly unequilibrated, fine‐grained chondrites for all minerals of abundance >1 wt%. Knowledge of the modal mineralogy of a sample also allows us to calculate grain density.
Identification and Estimation of Differentiated Products Model using Market Size and Cost Data

We propose a new methodology for estimating the demand and cost functions of differentiated products models when demand and cost data are available. The method deals with the endogeneity of prices to demand shocks and the endogeneity of outputs to cost shocks, by using variation in market size that does not need to be exogenous, and cost data. We establish nonparametric identification, consistency and asymptotic normality of our estimator. Using Monte-Carlo experiments, we show our method works well in contexts where instruments are correlated with demand and cost shocks, and where commonly-used instrumental variables estimators are biased and numerically unstable.
Detrital geochronology and geochemistry of Cretaceous – Early Miocene strata of Nepal : implications for timing and diachroneity of initial Himalayan orogenesis

The onset of mountain building in the western part of the Himalayan orogenic belt has been documented in the synorogenic stratigraphic record of northern Pakistan and India as Early to Middle Eocene (~52 Ma). Eocene strata in the Tethyan portion of the central part of the Himalayan orogenic belt consist of shallow marine carbonate rocks that lack evidence for initial Himalayan orogenesis, thus leaving open the possibility that the onset of orogeny was significantly diachronous along strike. We report U–Pb ages of detrital zircons and Nd-isotopic and trace element data from associated mudrocks in Cretaceous– Paleocene(? ), Eocene, and lower Miocene strata of the southern Lesser Himalayan zone of central Nepal. The Cretaceous– Paleocene(? ) Amile Formation is dominated by zircons with Archean–Early Proterozoic U–Pb ages. An abrupt influx of Cambrian–Ordovician and Middle to Late Proterozoic zircons marks the transition into the Eocene Bhainskati Formation, and indicates the onset of erosion of Tethyan rocks in the nascent Himalayan thrust belt. An increased proportion of Late Proterozoic zircons in fluvial litharenites of the lower Miocene Dumri Formation signals initial erosion of Greater Himalayan protoliths. The Nd-isotopic and trace element data support the unroofing history documented by the U–Pb zircon ages. The fact that middle Eocene strata in Nepal were derived from the Himalayan thrust belt reduces the maximum time lag between the onset of orogenesis in the northwest and central Himalaya to no more than ~2 My. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Chronology of star formation and disk evolution in the Eagle Nebula

Context. Massive star-forming regions are characterized by intense ionizing fluxes, strong stellar winds and, occasionally, supernovae explosions, all of which have important effects on the surrounding media, on the star-formation process and on the evolution of young stars and their circumstellar disks. We present a multiband study of the massive young cluster NGC 6611 and its parental cloud (the Eagle Nebula) with the aim of studying how OB stars affect the early stellar evolution and the formation of other stars. Aims. We search for evidence of triggering of star formation by the massive stars inside NGC 6611 on a large spatial scale (∼10 parsec) and ongoing disk photoevaporation in NGC 6611 and how its efficiency depends on the mass of the central stars. Methods. We assemble a multiband catalog of the Eagle Nebula with photometric data, ranging from B band to 8.0 μm, and X-ray data obtained with two new and one archival Chandra/ACIS-I observation. We select the stars with disks from infrared photometry and disk-less ones from X-ray emission, which are associated both with NGC 6611 and the outer region of the Eagle Nebula. We study induced photoevaporation searching for the spatial variation of disk frequency for distinct stellar mass ranges. The triggering of star formation by OB stars has been investigated by deriving the history of star formation across the nebula. Results. We find evidence of sequential star formation in the Eagle Nebula going from the southeast (2.6 Myears) to the northwest (0.3 Myears), with the median age of NGC 6611 members ∼1 Myear. In NGC 6611, we observe a drop of the disk frequency close to massive stars (up to an average distance of 1 parsec), without observable effects at larger distances. Furthermore, disks are more frequent around low-mass stars (≤1 M� ) than around high-mass stars, regardless of the distance from OB stars. Conclusions. The star-formation chronology we find in the Eagle Nebula does not support the hypothesis of a large-scale process triggered by OB stars in NGC 6611. Instead, we speculate that it was triggered by the encounter (about 3 Myears ago) with a giant molecular shell created by supernovae explosions about 6 Myears ago. We find evidence of disk photoevaporation close to OB stars, where disks are heated by incident extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation. No effects are observed at large distances from OB stars, where photoevaporation is induced by the far ultraviolet (FUV) radiation, and long timescales are usually required to completely dissipate the disks.
THE EFFECT OF ANISE OIL (PIMPINELLA ANISUM L.) ON BROILER PERFORMANCE

This study was conducted to determine the use of anise oil in broiler nutrition as a natural growth promoting substance instead of antibiotics. Different levels of anise oil were added to a standard diet, to determine its effect on feed intake, daily live weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to control and antibiotic groups. Two hundred day-old broilers (Ross-308) were divided into groups of 40 birds each and randomly assigned to the five treatment diets. Each treatment has four replicates. Experimental groups were as follow: A Control group with no anise oil or antibiotic added, a 100 mg/kg Anise oil group, a 200 mg/kg Anise oil group, a 400 mg/kg Anise oil group with corresponding inclusion levels, and an antibiotic group with 0.1% added antibiotic (Avilamycin). The feed intake was similar in groups (p>0.05). The highest (p<0.01) daily live weight gain was observed on the 400 Anise oil group (70.35 g) and followed by Antibiotic group (65.84 g), 100 Anise oil group (62.57g), 200 Anise oil group (62.47 g) and control group (61.30 g). The addition of 400 mg/kg anise oil to the diets was improved daily live weight gain by approximately 15% compared to the control group. This improve was remained 7 % level in antibiotic group. Additionally, the addition of 400 mg/kg anise oil to the diets was improved daily live weight gain by approximately 6.5% compared to the antibiotic group. The addition of 400 mg/kg anise oil to the diets was improved feed conversion ratio by approximately 12 % compared to the control group. This improve was remained 7 % level in antibiotic group. Additionally, the addition of 400 mg/kg anise oil to the diets was improved feed conversion ratio by approximately 6 % compared to the antibiotic group. 7. In conclusion, anise oil could be considered as a potential natural growth promoter for poultry.
Relocation, mobility and migration : the dynamics of workers and firms in the Netherlands

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Modeling shows that alternative soil management can decrease greenhouse gases

Agricultural management has a significant impact on the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by cropped fields. Alternative practices such as winter cover cropping and avoiding overfertilization can decrease the total amount of greenhouse gases that are produced. Policymakers are considering a structure in which parties (such as factories) who exceed their greenhouse-gas emissions cap can pay incentives to encourage farmers to adopt practices that curb greenhouse gases. Based on data from field studies and an ecosystem computer model, we assessed impacts on yields and the total potential for reducing greenhouse-gas emissions of certain alternative practices in California.
Effect of Biostimulants on Growth and Floral Attributes of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.). cv. Prajwal

Tuberose is botanically known as Polianthes tuberosa L. belongs to the family Agavaceae. It is a bulbous perennial plant. The spikes are used as cut flowers and loose flowers. Tuberose cultivars are mainly three types – single, semi double and double. Single flowered cultivars are more fragrant and extensively used for essential oil extraction as the concrete percent has been observed to be more (0.08 to 0.11%) compared to double. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 6 (2017) pp. 2557-2564 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Mitochondrial sequences and karyotypes reveal hidden diversity in African pouched mice (subfamily Cricetomyinae, genus Saccostomus)

The African rodent genus Saccostomus is common and widespread in the savannas, scrubby areas and cultivated fields from south Ethiopia and Somalia through East Africa down to the Cape Province. Its systematics and taxonomy are however poorly known, with two species currently recognized, S. mearnsi and S. campestris , the former is typical of the Somali–Maasai domain and the latter is typical of Zambezian–South African. The karyotypic findings and the analysis of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b for some populations from Somalia, Tanzania, Zambia and South Africa are presented showing that the diversity within the genus is much higher than previously reported and believed, and that S. mearnsi and S. campestris rather represent species complexes, still actively speciating. The times of cladogenetic events and the extent of chromosomal variability within the genus that may be coupled with speciation are discussed. Finally, the possible taxonomy is considered in the context of the wide karyotypic variation shown by each species, the extent and the boundaries of which are still largely unknown, limiting therefore their definitive taxonomic assignment.
Heteroskedasticity for weaning weight of Charolais-Zebu crossbred calves

The objective of the present study was to analyze models with genetic and/or residual heteroskedasticity for genetic evaluation of the weaning weight of Charolais-Zebu crossbred calves. Weaning weight data from 56,965 crossbred calves were analyzed using animal models with different combinations of genetic and residual heteroskedasticity and/or homoskedasticity. The inference on a posteriori distributions of genetic parameters were by the Monte Carlo method via Markov chains. The model with genetic and residual heteroskedasticity was the best fit on the data. Groups of animals with different genetic compositions, expressed as percentages of Charolais-Zebu breed alleles and individual and maternal heterozygosis, had different genetic variances. These genetic variances could be modeled by linear functions of the Charolais and Zebu genetic variances and the variance attributed to segregation. The breed compositions, the individual and maternal heterozygosis, the sex and age of dam at calving were significant sources of residual heteroskedasticity. The a posteriori means for heritabilities and sire and dam classifications were altered due to genetic and residual heteroskedasticity.
FIRST PARALLAX MEASUREMENTS TOWARD A 6.7 GHz METHANOL MASER WITH THE AUSTRALIAN LONG BASELINE ARRAY—DISTANCE TO G 339.884−1.259.

We have conducted the first parallax and proper motion measurements of 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission using the Australian Long Baseline Array. The parallax of G 339.884–1.259 measured from five epochs of observations is 0.48 ± 0.08 mas, corresponding to a distance of 2.1 − 0.3 + 0.4 ? > kpc, placing it in the Scutum spiral arm. This is consistent (within the combined uncertainty) with the kinematic distance estimate for this source at 2.5 ± 0.5 kpc using the latest Solar and Galactic rotation parameters. We find from the Lyman continuum photon flux that the embedded core of the young star is of spectral type B1, demonstrating that luminous 6.7 GHz methanol masers can be associated with high-mass stars toward the lower end of the mass range.
Torelli theorem for stable curves

We study the Torelli morphism from the moduli space of stable curves to the moduli space of principally polarized stable semi-abelic pairs. We give two characterizations of its fibers, describe its injectivity locus, and give a sharp upper bound on the cardinality of finite fibers. We also bound the dimension of infinite fibers.
Students' long-term memories from an ecology field excursion: Retelling a narrative as an interplay between implicit and explicit memories

This study aims to investigate the science content remembered by biology students 6 and 12 months after an ecology excursion. The students' memories were tested during a stimulated recall interview. The authors identified three different types of memories: recall, recognition and narratives. The dual memory system model of learning was used to connect recall to the explicit memory system (declarative knowledge), and recognition to the implicit memory system (tacit knowledge). The results show that the students' re-told narratives were scrambled and sometimes distorted. The students used small fragments to create their story and the next fragment of the story primarily depended on the antecedent unit. It is therefore suggested that in telling a narrative there is a constant interplay between the explicit (recall) and implicit (recognition) memory systems. The scientific terms (recall) were often replaced by everyday terms, indicating that the underlying meaning is not connected to the specific terms.
THE ROLE OF MEDIA SOCIALIZATION AGENTS IN INCREASING OBESITY HEALTH LITERACY AMONG MALAYSIAN YOUTH

Obesity is a global emerging issue. In Malaysia, there has been a significant increase in such cases in the past few years. It is a big challenge for authorities to find out the effectiveness of newspaper as a medium for disseminating obesity information among Malaysian youth. This study aimed to examine the influences and effectiveness of newspaper in conveying health literacy of obesity among Malaysian youth. It focused on their awareness level and perception towards obesity. In this study, 300 Malaysian youth aged 18-25 participated in a survey. It was found that the newspaper-oriented respondents have higher awareness of obesity than the non-newspaper oriented respondents. However, the awareness among the overall respondents is still mainly average. The results also indicate that newspaper is still resourceful in disseminating health information. It is significantly positively related to the youth health literacy.
WL 17: A Young Embedded Transition Disk

We present the highest spatial resolution ALMA observations to date of the Class I protostar WL 17 in the ρ Ophiuchus L1688 molecular cloud complex, which show that it has a 12 au hole in the center of its disk. We consider whether WL 17 is actually a Class II disk being extincted by foreground material, but find that such models do not provide a good fit to the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) and also require such high extinction that it would presumably arise from dense material close to the source, such as a remnant envelope. Self-consistent models of a disk embedded in a rotating collapsing envelope can nicely reproduce both the ALMA 3 mm observations and the broadband SED of WL 17. This suggests that WL 17 is a disk in the early stages of its formation, and yet even at this young age the inner disk has been depleted. Although there are multiple pathways for such a hole to be created in a disk, if this hole was produced by the formation of planets it could place constraints on the timescale for the growth of planets in protoplanetary disks.
Development of sequenced tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers in Azalea.

A genomic library was constructed from DNA of two azalea genotypes: a Belgian pot azalea R. simsii hybrid Mevr. Van Belle and a Chinese R. simsii from Daoxian. An enrichment of microsatellite containing sequences was performed as in Van de Wiel et al. (1999). Fragments were sequenced and primers were designed that allow the amplification of the microsatellite repeat. About 220 microsatellite containing clones were selected from the enrichment procedure. Mainly dinucleotide repeats and some trinucleotide repeats were found. The selected primers were tested in a small set of reference varieties to check their value (specificity and polymorphic rate) and to set up the PCR-conditions. Five primer pairs have been tested, two of them gave a specific and polymorphic pattern. They were further screened by radioactive PCR on a selection of 5 plants from the azalea breeders gene pool which included the two genotypes used library construction. These 2 STMS markers uniquely identified the 5 plants.
Evaluation of Soil Organic Carbon and Soil Moisture Content from Agricultural Fields in Mississippi

Independent observation of the effects of agricultural management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) with soil moisture content (SMC) is essential to quantify their potential relationships for sustainable ecosystems. Soil water retention studies and soil carbon stocks have been mapped in some areas worldwide. However, few studies have been conducted in the southeastern US, particularly in Mississippi. The objectives of this research study were to collect soil samples from fields chosen to be representative of the watersheds they are contained within, analyze the soil samples for carbon content and soil moisture content, and evaluate the relationship between SOC and different parameters (land use, vertical distribution, temporal distribution, and soil moisture content). Field sites were chosen based on their compositional similarity shared with the watershed as a whole in the Town Creek watershed (TCW) and Upper Pearl River watershed (UPRW) in Mississippi. Monthly soil samples from different depths (6 inch, 12 inch, and 24 inch) were collected from crop, pasture, and forest field areas. Soil samples were analyzed using bench analysis, elemental analysis, and statistical analysis. This study was able to demonstrate the SOC distribution in the soil layers across all three land uses studied. It was also shown that there does seem to be an interactive effect of parameters such as land use type, vertical distribution, and time on carbon accretion within the soil. Results of this study also determined that the near surface (6-in) layer was found to contain significantly more carbon than either the 12 inch or 24 inch layers (p 0.01) across all field types. There was found to be a high degree of variability within the soil moisture data and correlation between SOC and SMC. It was found that carbon amount is not influenced by SMC but SMC could be influenced by SOC.