Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Characteristics of Intelligence Profile and Eye Gaze in Facial Emotion Recognition in Mild and Moderate Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Childhood autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can easily be misdiagnosed, due to the nonspecific social and communicational deficits associated with the disorder. The present study attempted to profile the mental development and visual attention toward emotion among preschool children with mild or moderate ASD who were attending mainstream kindergartens. A total of 21 children (17 boys and 4 girls) diagnosed with mild or moderate ASD selected from 5,178 kindergarteners from the Xi’an city were recruited. Another group of 21 typically developing (TD) children who were matched with age, gender, and class served as controls. All children were assessed using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales–Chinese (GDS-C), and their social visual attention was assessed during watching 20 ecologically valid film scenes by using eye tracking technique. The results showed that ASD children had lower mental development scores in the Locomotor, Personal-Social, Language, Performance, and Practical Reasoning subscales than the TD peers. Moreover, deficits in recognizing emotions from facial expressions based on naturalistic scene stimuli with voice were found for ASD children. The deficits were significantly correlated with their ability in social interaction and development quotient in ASD group. ASD children showed atypical eye-gaze pattern when compared to TD children during facial emotion expression task. Children with ASD had reduced visual attention to facial emotion expression, especially for the eye region. The findings confirmed the deficits of ASD children in real life multimodal of emotion recognition, and their atypical eye-gaze pattern for emotion recognition. Parents and teachers of children with mild or moderate ASD should make informed educational decisions according to their level of mental development. In addition, eye tracking technique might clinically help provide evidence diagnosing children with mild or moderate ASD.
Non-Response to Initial Antidepressant Therapy

Depressive and anxiety disorders are a major burden on society. Mood disorders affect 7% of the world’s population, while severe forms of depression impact 2-5% of the US population (Murray and Lopez, 1996; Samuels and Hen, 2011). Furthermore, approximately 32-35 million adults in the US population (16%) experience an episode of major depression in their lifetime (Kessler et al., 2003). While many classes of drugs with antidepressant activity have been developed and approved (Wong et al., 2010), many patients do not respond to treatment (Trivedi et al., 2006). Therefore it is critical for basic research to develop animal models that present behavioral, neurochemical and brain morphological phenotypes reminiscent of depression and anxiety. Given that anxiety and depression have a high comorbidity with cooccurrence rates up to 60% in patients (Leonardo and Hen, 2006), animal models that present signs of both diseases could potentially be the most useful.
Role of the primate striatum in attention and sensorimotor processes: comparison with premotor cortex

&NA; The present study was aimed at distinguishing neuronal activity associated with shifts of attention from that reflecting motor set. Our behavioural paradigm allowed a given visual stimulus to serve as a cue for the reorientation of spatial attention or as a cue for establishing a motor set, depending on when it occurred during a trial. Other aspects of the paradigm were designed to identify neurones whose activity differed when various stimulus configurations instructed the same action, as well as neurones whose activity differed when two different limb movements were instructed by the same stimulus. We found that many striatal cells discharge preferentially in relation to cues which reorient spatial attention, although they may also discharge after cues which instruct a motor act. In contrast to the dorsal premotor area (PMd, dorsolateral area 6), in both the caudate nucleus and putamen a larger proportion of the neuronal sample reflected both movement direction and stimulus attributes. These results support a role for striatal neurones in both attentional set shifting and the preparation for context‐specific actions.
Holo-(Acyl Carrier Protein) Synthase and Phosphopantetheinyl Transfer in Escherichia coli *

Holo-(acyl carrier protein) synthase (AcpS) post-translationally modifies apoacyl carrier protein (apoACP) via transfer of 4′-phosphopantetheine from coenzyme A (CoA) to the conserved serine 36 γ-OH of apoACP. The resulting holo-acyl carrier protein (holo-ACP) is then active as the central coenzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis. The acpS gene has previously been identified and shown to be essential for Escherichia coli growth. Earlier mutagenic studies isolated the E. coli MP4 strain, whose elevated growth requirement for CoA was ascribed to a deficiency in holoACP synthesis. Sequencing of the acpS gene from theE. coli MP4 strain (denoted acpS1) showed that the AcpS1 protein contains a G4D mutation. AcpS1 exhibited a ∼5-fold reduction in its catalytic efficiency when compared with wild type AcpS, accounting for the E. coli MP4 strain phenotype. It is shown that a conditional acpS mutant accumulates apoACPin vivo under nonpermissive conditions in a manner similar to the E. coli MP4 strain. In addition, it is demonstrated that the gene product, YhhU, of a previously identified E. coli open reading frame can completely suppress theacpS conditional, lethal phenotype upon overexpression of the protein, suggesting that YhhU may be involved in an alternative pathway for phosphopantetheinyl transfer and holoACP synthesis inE. coli.
Fault‐controlled fluid flow inferred from hydrothermal vents imaged in 3D seismic reflection data, offshore NW Australia

Fluid migration pathways in the subsurface are heavily influenced by pre‐existing faults. Although studies of active fluid‐escape structures can provide insights into the relationships between faults and fluid flow, they cannot fully constrain the geometry of and controls on the contemporaneous subsurface fluid flow pathways. We use 3D seismic reflection data from offshore NW Australia to map 121 ancient hydrothermal vents, likely related to magmatic activity, and a normal fault array considered to form fluid pathways. The buried vents consist of craters up to 264 m deep, which host a mound of disaggregated sedimentary material up to 518 m thick. There is a correlation between vent alignment and underlying fault traces. Seismic‐stratigraphic observations and fault kinematic analyses reveal that the vents were emplaced on an intra‐Tithonian seabed in response to the explosive release of fluids hosted within the fault array. We speculate that during the Late Jurassic the convex‐upwards morphology of the upper tip‐lines of individual faults acted to channelize ascending fluids and control where fluid expulsion and vent formation occurred. This contribution highlights the usefulness of 3D seismic reflection data to constraining normal fault‐controlled subsurface fluid flow.
Gitelman syndrome Nine VAM Knoers

Gitelman syndrome (GS), also referred to as familial hypokalemia-hypomagnesemia, is characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis in combination with significant hypomagnesemia and low urinary calcium excretion. The prevalence is estimated at approximately 1:40,000 and accordingly, the prevalence of heterozygotes is approximately 1% in Caucasian populations, making it one of the most frequent inherited renal tubular disorders. In the majority of cases, symptoms do not appear before the age of six years and the disease is usually diagnosed during adolescence or adulthood. Transient periods of muscle weakness and tetany, sometimes accompanied by abdominal pain, vomiting and fever are often seen in GS patients. Paresthesias, especially in the face, frequently occur. Remarkably, some patients are completely asymptomatic except for the appearance at adult age of chondrocalcinosis that causes swelling, local heat, and tenderness over the affected joints. Blood pressure is lower than that in the general population. Sudden cardiac arrest has been reported occasionally. In general, growth is normal but can be delayed in those GS patients with severe hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia. GS is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. Mutations in the solute carrier familyl2, member 3 gene, SLC12A3, which encodes the thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter (NCC), are found in the majority of GS patients. A t present, more than 140 different NCC mutations throughout the whole protein have been identified. In a small minority of GS patients, mutations in the CLCNKB gene, encoding the chloride channel ClC-Kb have been identified. Diagnosis is based on the clinical symptoms and biochemical abnormalities (hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria). Bartter syndrome (especially type III) is the most important genetic disorder to consider in the differential diagnosis of GS. Genetic counseling is important. Antenatal diagnosis for GS is technically feasible but not advised because of the good prognosis in the majority of patients. Most asymptomatic patients with GS remain untreated and undergo ambulatory monitoring, once a year, generally by nephrologists. Lifelong supplementation of magnesium (magnesium-oxide and magnesium-sulfate) is recommended. Cardiac work-up should be offered to screen for risk factors of cardiac arrhythmias. All GS patients are encouraged to maintain a high-sodium and high potassium diet. In general, the long-term prognosis of GS is excellent.
Fluid filtration evaluation of 3 obturation techniques.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate coronal leakage and apical material extrusion of 3 obturation techniques. METHOD AND MATERIALS The coronal part of 60 freshly extracted human maxillary central incisors was removed, leaving roots 10 mm in length. After instrumentation by hand K-files and smear layer removal, the 60 roots were divided randomly into 3 groups. The roots of each group were obturated using different obturation techniques. The obturation techniques tested were cold lateral condensation, System B, and Thermafil. Leakage measurements were accomplished using fluid filtration methodology. Filling material extrusion was recorded using a yes or no statement. Results were subjected to statistical analysis using chi-square tests. RESULTS Fluid filtration results revealed no significant differences among the 3 techniques tested 48 hours after obturation (P >.05). Thermafil tended to extrude significantly more material beyond the apex (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS The 3 obturation techniques are equally effective at sealing the root canals. Thermafil's tendency for slight material extrusion should be considered when obturating canals with insufficient apical constriction.
Stepping Out of the Cytosol: AIMp1/p43 Potentiates the Link Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity

As a structural component of the multi-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (mARS) complex, AIMp1, also known as p43, hasn't until recently been recognized for its prominent immunological functions. Together with other nonenzymatic mARS structural components AIMp2/38 and AIMp3/p18, it participates in the machinery responsible for cell-cycle control and tumor suppression. Novel studies also show that AIMp1/p43 can be released by certain cancer cells under conditions of stress. Extracellularly, AIMp1 promotes the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts/endothelial cells and importantly, pro-inflammatory gene expression in monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. AIMp1/p43 deficiency is also correlated with spontaneous Type-2 airway hypersensitivity in mice, indicating a potential role in skewing toward T-helper type-1 (TH1) immunity. Vaccination strategies in which dendritic cells receive dual MHC class I and MHC class II antigens of homologous origins (i.e., that share overlapping class I and II binding epitopes) boost downstream TH1 immunity in a manner that appears to be wholly dependent upon dendritic cell AIMp1 release. Here we underscore the importance of AIMp1/p43 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine when it is released from cytosol to extracellular space and discuss future directions by which the mechanisms that regulate this process might be better characterized, further elucidating the link between innate and adaptive immunity.
Learner Trust in Learner Model Externalisations

This paper introduces t-OLM, an open learner model to investigate user trust in a range of learner model externalisations. It was found that, while sufficient levels of use were made to suggest user trust in an externalised learner model, the relationship between trust and perceived utility, perceived accuracy, and level of understanding of the model representations, is not straightforward.
Joint predistortion of IQ impairments and PA nonlinearity in concurrent dual-band transmitters

I/Q impairments of the I/Q modulator can adversely affect the performance of wireless transmitters. When employing digital predistortion (DPD) to linearize the transmitters, the linearization performance would be limited as well. For the concurrent dual-band transmitters which include two I/Q modulators, I/Q impairments show cross-modulation effects between the two signals in each band. This paper proposes a joint predistorter to compensate for I/Q impairments and power amplifier (PA) nonlinearity in concurrent dual-band transmitters in a joint manner. In comparison with the state-of-the-art work used for linearize concurrent dual-band transmitters, the proposed joint predistorter show significant improvement of linearization performance. Measurement results for a concurrent dual-band PA operating at 1.9 GHz and 2 GHz prove the effectiveness and superiority of the joint predistorter.
Intracranial arteriovenous malformations treated with LINAC-based conformal radiosurgery: validation of the radiosurgery-based arteriovenous malformation score as a predictor of outcome

Abstract Objective: To validate the radiosurgery-based arteriovenous malformation score (RBAS) as a predictor of outcome in patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated with LINAC-based conformal radiosurgery. Methods: We analysed 40 patients with a mean follow-up of 22 months. One patient (2.5%) pertained to Spetzler–Martin Grade I, 11 (27.5%) to Grade II, 19 (47.5%) to Grade III, eight (20%) to Grade IV and one (2.5%) to grade V. The mean RBAS was 2.0 (range: 0.76–5.56). The mean obliteration prediction index (OPI) and the Karlsson index (KI) were 0.74 (range: 0.2–2.86) and 109.48 (range: 3.0–350.7) respectively. Outcomes were analysed according to the OPI, KI and RBAS. Results: We analysed different cutoff points in the RBAS and found a significant difference to predict the outcome in four scores: 1.2, 1.6, 1.7 and 1.8. In the group with RBAS ≤ 1.8, 13 (68%) had an excellent outcome and six (33%) did not, while with RBAS>1.8, seven (32%) had an excellent outcome and 14 (67%) did not (p = 0.02). We did not find any correlation between Spetzler–Martin grading scale or OPI and outcome (p = 0.7 and p = 0.3 respectively). The KI predicted the excellent outcome in 8/9 patients (89%) with KI ≤ 27 and in 12/31 patients (39%) with KI>27 (p = 0.08). Conclusion: The RBAS seems to be a good predictor of outcome in patients with AVMs treated with LINAC-based conformal radiosurgery as in patients treated with Gamma Knife. It remains only to find the best cutoff point based on a larger series and longer follow-up.
Colorectal cancer: screening.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the biggest killers worldwide, with the highest incidence and prevalence in economically developed countries. In the United States CRC is the third most common type of tumor and the second most common cause of death [1]. In Europe CRC accounts for 8% of the total cancer prevalence in both genders [2] and is the second leading cause of death [3]. CRC is rare under the age of 45 years: the incidence and the cumulative risk of disease increase with age. The mean age of diagnosis is 68 years. The 5-year survival rate depends on stage of disease: from 80% to 90% when confined to the bowel wall, to <5% in the metastatic setting. In 1985–1989 the population-based CRC 5-year relative survival was lower in Europe than in the USA (45% versus 59%). This difference in survival was partly explained by differences in the distribution of cancer subsites and morphology and partly attributable to differences in stage at diagnosis [4], but the main explanation was the proportion of adenocarcinoma in polyps (13% versus 2%) [5]. The great majority of CRC comes from premalignant lesions (adenomatous polyps). It is estimated that in the general population the risk of developing a colorectal adenoma is nearly 19%, and that 2–5% of sporadic polyps will develop into an invasive carcinoma. Hyperplastic polyps are not considered premalignant lesions and do not predict adenomas or cancer. Between 5% and 15% of individuals develop a CRC on the basis of a genetic predisposition (because of a germline mutation), and in this case, the onset of cancer occurs at earlier age than the sporadic form.
Tawanchai Cleft Center quality of life outcomes: one of studies of patients with cleft lip and palate in Thailand and the Asia Pacific Region.

BACKGROUND The needs and quality of life (QOL) of children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) after being processed through the healthcare system are important in order to understand how to improve the standards of care. The Tawanchai Cleft Center of Thailand in collaboration with Cleft Lip and Palate Care Center of the Asia Pacific Region, conducted a number of studies on various aspects of treatment outcomes as an indication of its performance. This paper presents the outcome effects on QOL. OBJECTIVE To determine (a) the QOL of children with CLP in Northeast Thailand registered and followed-up at the Tawanchai Centre, (b) their ongoing care needs and (c) the mental health of their parents when the children reach 5 years of age. MATERIAL AND METHOD Using the Need, Satisfaction, QOL and GHQ-12 questionnaires, the authors evaluated 36 five-year-old children with CLP, living in Northeast Thailand, registered at birth for treatment at the Tawanchai Cleft Center. RESULTS The aspects most needing attention were: dental, speech therapy and local healthcare service. The QOL was low in the economic, child relationships and psychological domains. The parents need more training on how to raise children with CLP most appropriately. According to the GHQ-12, none of the families identified any mental problems. CONCLUSION Children with CLP at five years of age under the care of the Tawanchai Cleft Center by their own self-assessment have satisfactory outcomes in most domains. Notwithstanding, there is need to improve parent training and access to dental care, speech therapy and local healthcare services.
VENUS - Very Extensive Non-Unicast Service

The MARS model (RFC2022) provides a solution to intra-LIS IP multicasting over ATM, establishing and managing the use of ATM pt- mpt SVCs for IP multicast packet forwarding. Inter-LIS multicast forwarding is achieved using Mrouters, in a similar manner to which the "Classical IP over ATM" model uses Routers to inter-connect LISes for unicast traffic. The development of unicast IP shortcut mechanisms (e.g. NHRP) has led some people to request the development of a Multicast equivalent. There are a number of different approaches. This document focuses exclusively on the problems associated with extending the MARS model to cover multiple clusters or clusters spanning more than one subnet. It describes a hypothetical solution, dubbed "Very Extensive NonUnicast Service" (VENUS), and shows how complex such a service would be. It is also noted that VENUS ultimately has the look and feel of a single, large cluster using a distributed MARS. This document is being issued to help focus ION efforts towards alternative solutions for establishing ATM level multicast connections between LISes.
The Cch1-Mid1 High-Affinity Calcium Channel Contributes to the Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans by Mitigating Oxidative Stress

ABSTRACT Pathogenic fungi have developed mechanisms to cope with stresses imposed by hosts. For Cryptococcus spp. , this implies active defense mechanisms that attenuate and ultimately overcome the onslaught of oxidative stresses in macrophages. Among cellular pathways within Cryptococcus neoformans' arsenal is the plasma membrane high-affinity Cch1-Mid1 calcium (Ca2+) channel (CMC). Here we show that CMC has an unexpectedly complex and disparate role in mitigating oxidative stress. Upon inhibiting the Ccp1-mediated oxidative response pathway with antimycin, strains of C. neoformans expressing only Mid1 displayed enhanced growth, but this was significantly attenuated upon H2O2 exposure in the absence of Mid1, suggesting a regulatory role for Mid1 acting through the Ccp1-mediated oxidative stress response. This notion is further supported by the interaction detected between Mid1 and Ccp1 (cytochrome c peroxidase). In contrast, Cch1 appears to have a more general role in promoting cryptococci survival during oxidative stress. A strain lacking Cch1 displayed a growth defect in the presence of H2O2 without BAPTA [(1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid, cesium salt] or additional stressors such as antimycin. Consistent with a greater contribution of Cch1 to oxidative stress tolerance, an intracellular growth defect was observed for the cch1Δ strain in the macrophage cell line J774A.1. Interestingly, while the absence of either Mid1 or Cch1 significantly compromises the ability of C. neoformans to tolerate oxidative stress, the absence of both Mid1 and Cch1 has a negligible effect on C. neoformans growth during H2O2 stress, suggesting the existence of a compensatory mechanism that becomes active in the absence of CMC.
A qualitative study of patients' perceptions of acute infective conjunctivitis.

BACKGROUND Acute infective conjunctivitis is a self-limiting condition that commonly presents to primary care. Patients' understanding of conjunctivitis, their reasons for attendance, and their responses to different management strategies, are unknown. AIM To explore patients' understanding of conjunctivitis and its management. DESIGN OF STUDY Qualitative study using semi-structured one-to-one interviews. SETTING Three general practices in Hampshire and Wiltshire. METHOD Twenty-five patients presenting with conjunctivitis at their general practices were interviewed. Main outcome measures were patients' perceptions of conjunctivities, their experience and knowledge of the disease, beliefs regarding treatment, and their responses to different management strategies and a patient information leaflet. RESULTS Patients regarded conjunctivitis as a minor illness, although some considered it might become more serious if not treated. Nearly all were confident at recognising conjunctivitis. They stated a preference for not taking medication, but believed that conjunctivitis would not clear up without treatment. However, they were open to alternative management approaches; for example, the delayed prescription approach, because they trusted their general practitioners' (GPs') judgement. Once they were aware of the self-limiting nature of conjunctivitis, patients felt they would prefer to wait a few days to see if the condition improved before seeking medical advice, even if this resulted in a few more days of symptoms. CONCLUSION Patients who attend their general practices with conjunctivitis present for treatment because they are not aware of its self-limiting nature. Providing patients with this information may enable patients, enhance self-management, and reduce the use of topical antibiotics and the demand for urgent general practice appointments.