Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Awareness and Willingness to Pay for Community Based Health Insurance Scheme in North-Western Nigeria

There is a need for the communities to develop their health financing system, most especially those that were not covered by the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). This will give the people an opportunity to finance their medical care which in turn would alleviate financial burden at the point of treatment. Therefore, this study is aimed to determine the level of awareness for Community Based Health Insurance Scheme (CBHIS) among communities and to measure the degree of willingness to pay for the scheme in Katsina, North-Western Nigeria. Semi structured interviewer-assisted questionnaires were used to collect information from the respondents. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0. The results indicates that majority of the respondents attained tertiary level of education (68.3%) and 81.1% were employed. About 74.2% were earning more than the Nigerian minimum wage N18, 000 (≈$59). About 52.2% of the respondents were aware of the CBHIS. And 81% were willing to pay for premium while 62.2% will pay between N 1, 000 – 5, 000 (≈$3.3-$16.4). There was strong significant relationship between monthly income and knowledge of CBHIS (p = < 0.0001). However, gender and educational level were not significantly associated with the knowledge of CBHIS. Awareness about CBHIS was not sufficiently adequate but a significant number of the respondents were willing to pay for CBHIS after learning about the scheme. Factors such as level of education and income levels were found to have positive effect on willingness to pay. Keywords: Willingness to pay; Awareness; Community Based Health insurance; Healthcare financing; Household head 1 USD ≡ 305.70 NGN ($1 ≡ N 305.70)
Use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to assess relationships among beach clams of the genus Donax

The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify genomic DNA from nine populations of donacid clams representing six taxa occurring in three sympatric pairs. The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers produced by this technique successfully distinguished among all taxa. Each taxon possessed a unique subset of markers and one member of each sympatric pair differed from the other by several markers. The taxa also separated clearly into two groups, one North American and the other Caribbean. Use of RAPD markers as characters in a cladistic analysis produced well resolved phylogenetic trees of high consistency.
Segmenting the USA. Non-travel market

Tourism marketers focus on understanding the many different segments that comprise their visitors. Understanding these segments� motivations for travel is important in order to motivate repeat visitation and to attract like-minded consumers to visit. But how about those who do not travel? This surprisingly large percentage of the population is a lost opportunity for the industry. The research that follows, based upon a very significant USA-based sample of non-travelers, suggests that non-travelers can be effectively segmented and targeted. Understanding these segments will better allow vacation marketers to craft their product and their message, hopefully bringing more travelers to the mix.
How to Comply with Environmental Regulations? The Role of Information

The effectiveness of environmental regulation can be viewed as conditioned by the action of at least two main agents: the regulated firms and the public agency (the regulator). The agency’s role is, on one hand, to enact environmental regulations and, on the other, to monitor firms’ environmental behavior and enforce environmental regulations. The regulated firms, on the other hand, must be informed about the legal limits imposed on them and subsequently they must be able to comply with those limits. Using a questionnaire on the pulp and paper industry in Portugal we found that firms decision to comply with environmental regulations is strongly influenced by firms’ information on its legal obligations and that this effect is stronger for smaller firms. Moreover larger and younger firms are less likely to comply with environmental regulations than smaller and older firms. With respect to the public agency’s behavior, we found that greater monitoring efforts are directed towards larger and younger firms, as well as towards those firms most likely to cause higher pollution levels.
Magnetospheric mapping of the dayside UV auroral oval at Saturn using simultaneous HST images, Cassini IMF data, and a global magnetic field model

Abstract. We determine the field-aligned mapping of Saturn's auroras into the magnetosphere by combining UV images of the southern dayside oval obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) with a global model of the magnetospheric magnetic field. The model is tailored to simulate prevailing conditions in the interplanetary medium, corresponding to high solar wind dynamic pressure and variable interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength and direction determined from suitably lagged field data observed just upstream of Saturn's dayside bow shock by the Cassini spacecraft. Two out of four images obtained in February 2008 when such simultaneous data are available are examined in detail, exemplifying conditions for northward and southward IMF. The model field structure in the outer magnetosphere and tail is found to be very different in these cases. Nevertheless, the dayside UV oval is found to have a consistent location relative to the field structure in each case. The poleward boundary of the oval is located close to the open-closed field boundary and thus maps to the vicinity of the magnetopause, consistent with previous results. The equatorward boundary of the oval then maps typically near the outer boundary of the equatorial ring current appropriate to the compressed conditions prevailing. Similar results are also found for related images from the January 2004 HST data set. These new results thus show that the mapped dayside UV oval typically spans the outer magnetosphere between the outer part of the ring current and the magnetopause. It does not encompass the region of primary corotation flow breakdown within the inner Enceladus torus.
Lepidopteran fauna of Agri-Horticultural ecosystem in Karaikal region.

ABSTRACT The lepidopteran fauna in the Karaikal region was recorded from December 2003-November 2004. The lepidopterans collected were categorized into 36 butterflies and 95 moths. The family diversity index H’, was higher during the rainy periods (August-November) for both butterflies and moths. The diversity index α was lower during February-April in case of butterflies and in respect of moths, there was higher diversification during June (South West Monsoon). The evenness index (E) was more or less similar in case of butterfly families, which indicated less evenness of the families, whereas in case of moth families, more evenness was found during November, October, September, August and December with minimum number of families.
THE ROTATIONAL ABILITY OF 'THE HUMAN BODY

In sports like gymnastics, trampolining and diving, attention is focussed on control and good execution. Like all general movements, the movements involved in such sports are motions that consist of translation and rotation. However in this case, proficiency depends dominantly on the rotational ability of the athlete while performing the movement. We analyze such a movement using parameters from anthropometry, dynamics, and posture. We recorded anthropometric data of top athletes in trampolining and compared them with those of ordinary people. With a computer program based on the Hanavan model together with mass density values given by Dempster, we use the data to calculate the inertia tensor. Further data pertaining to dynamics, timing and coordination are derived by video-cinematographic methods. With the aid of two cameras, we filmed simultaneously various trampoline performances during the international competition held in Dillenburg, Germany in 1991. The videos were then digitized and the data processed by computer. We obtain the results for momentum, body orientation, posture and the center of gravity of the trampolinists during a jump. We demonstrate how strongly body structure, dynamics, timing and coordination contribute to the ability of the human body to rotate. The important parameters are the inertia tensor and the momentum, the combination of which determines the rotating. While momentum remains constant during a jump, the inertia tensor may vary in time due to different postures. Our findings show what momentum is necessary and which posture have to be in sequence for athletes to excel.
Double one‐sided cross‐validation of local linear hazards

The paper brings together the theory and practice of local linear kernel hazard estimation. Bandwidth selection is fully analysed, including double one‐sided cross‐validation that is shown to have good practical and theoretical properties. Insight is provided into the choice of the weighting function in the local linear minimization and it is pointed out that classical weighting sometimes lacks stability. A new semiparametric hazard estimator transforming the survival data before smoothing is introduced and shown to have good practical properties.
Title Dealing with Financial Instability under a DSGE modeling approach with Banking Intermediation : a predictability analysis versus

In DSGE literature there has been an increasing awareness on the role that the banking sector can play in macroeconomic activity. In most of recent works, purely nancial instabilities and frictions are derived from intermediaries that a¤ect the real economy by means of a credit channel or a balance sheet channel. We model nancial intermediation as in Gertler and Karadi (2011) to take into account the bank leverage constraint in the propagation of shocks to the real economy. Within this framework, the evolution of estimated shocks and the instabilities in the structural parameters show that time-variation should be crucial in any attempted empirical analysis. However, DSGE modelling usually fails to take into account inherent nonlinearities of the economy, especially in crisis time periods. Hence, we propose a novel time-varying parameter (TVP) state-space estimation method for VAR processes both for homoskedastic and heteroskedastic error structures. We conduct an exhaustive empirical exercise that includes the comparison of the out-of-sample predictive performance of the estimated DSGE model with that of standard VARs, Bayesian VARs and TVP-VARs. Overall, a rst attempt is made to nd macro- nancial micro-founded DSGE models as well as adaptive TVP-VARs, which are able to deal with nancial instabilities via incorporating banking intermediation. JEL Classi cation: C11, C13, C32, E37 Keywords: Financial frictions, DSGE, Time-varying coe¢ cients, Extended Kalman lter, Banking sector The rst author is supported by the Marie Curie Fellowship (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, N 303854) under the 7th European Community Framework Programme. Cardani and Paccagnini acknowledge nancial support from the RastaNews project funded by the European Communitys 7th Framework Program (FP7). The usual disclaimers apply. yCorresponding author; aIPAG Lab, IPAG Business School, 184 Boulevard Saint-Germain, 75006 Paris, France. ; Tel. : +33 01 53 63 36 00 ; Fax: +33 01 45 44 40 46; bEuropean University Institute, Department of Economics, Via della Piazzuola; 43, I-50133, Florence, Italy; Tel. : +39 055 4685 916; Fax: +39 055 4685 902; E-mail address: stelios.bekiros@eui.eu; zDepartment of Economics, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca Milan 20126 Tel +39 02 6448 3237, Email: roberta.cardani@unimib.it. xDepartment of Economics, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca Milan 20126 Tel +39 02 6448 3046, Email: alessia.paccagnini@unimib.it. {dDepartment of Economics, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; eCenter for Economic Studies, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Phone +39 0881 753713, Fax +39 0881 781771, E-mail stefania.villa@unifg.it
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): A Diagnosis of Exclusion with Atypical Neuroimaging

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is characterized by a brief but widespread attack of inflammation in the brain and spinal cord that damages myelin-the protective covering of nerve fibers. Although most often observed as a single episode, relapsing or recurrent forms are also present. The true incidence in Pakistan is still undetermined. ADEM is a diagnosis of exclusion in many cases, and relies on neuroimaging . We present a case of young female having no history of immunization recently with nonspecific symptoms (lower limbs weakness, fever that progress to all four limbs weakness with urine incontinence and aphasia). An atypical MRI finding of extensive abnormal areas in white matter involving frontopaietal and occipital lobes on T2 and FLAIR. ESR, C.T brain and L.P came normal which subsided young stroke and multiple sclerosis hence diagnosis of ADEM was made. She was subsequently treated with high-dose steroids (methylprednisolone) and plasmapheresis with good outcomes.
Virus status of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) does not affect their response to a thrips lure or host plant volatiles in a Y-tube olfactometer

The impact of tospovirus infection on the behaviour of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) was evaluated in a Y-tube olfactometer. The response of female western flower thrips, with or without a tospovirus (Tomato spotted wilt virus, TSWV) to a thrips lure (methyl isonicotinate, MI), and chrysanthemum buds was recorded. Compared to the blank arm, significantly more thrips chose the odour-laden arm of the Y-tube when it contained MI (65%, P 0.16) increase the percentage of thrips that chose the odour-laden arm over and above the clean-air arm, but thrips (virus-free and infected) moved more quickly to the end of either arm when a bud was present. The virus status of thrips was confirmed with RT-PCR. The presence of the virus in the vector did not substantially affect the behavioural response of the vector to a lure or host-plant material (P>0.4).
Interlingual translation and the transfer of value-infused practices: An in-depth qualitative exploration

Against the background of a marked lack of studies exploring the role of language and more particularly interlingual translation in the travel of ideas and practices across organisational contexts, this article provides an analysis of an attempt by a group of managers to translate a set of corporate values into Polish from English. The findings reported serve to demonstrate the relevance of such translation processes to the transfer of knowledge and practices within multinationals. By prompting sensemaking around a value-laden text, the studied translation exercise is shown to have encouraged discussions around understandings of local needs and preferred meanings which served to trigger debates and reflections around local identity and affinities with the parent company. In doing so, it provided a ‘situated platform’ through which participants exercised a collective agency aimed at establishing what were perceived to constitute appropriate and productive accommodations between local and extra-local pressures. At the same time, the translation is shown to have been very much shaped by material interests and priorities, notably the performance expectations embedded in the subsidiary’s relationship with its parent. As a result, care needs to be taken not to overstate the role of such translations in facilitating locally driven cultural adaptations.
Albatross foraging behaviour: no evidence for dual foraging, and limited support for anticipatory regulation of provisioning at South Georgia

Many pelagic seabirds are thought to regulate reproductive effort by adopting a dual foraging strategy, alternating or mixing short foraging trips over local shelf waters (maximising provi- sioning rates) with longer trips over distant oceanic water (allowing restoration of lost condition). Many species also respond to chick condition, decreasing food supply to over-fed, and sometimes increasing it to under-fed chicks. Analysis of tracking data from 4 albatross species breeding at South Georgia provided evidence that adults responded to prevailing environmental conditions, but did not provide evidence for a dual foraging strategy. Trip durations and maximum foraging ranges tended to follow a positively skewed, unimodal distribution, with the exception of the light-mantled albatross for which no significant modes were apparent. Individual distributions deviated from this, but none were strongly bimodal or showed regular alternation of trip lengths, trip distance or predominant bathy- metric regime. There were significant relationships between meal mass and trip duration, time since the last feed and chick condition on return, reflecting responses to current rather than predicted chick needs. On average, adults returned with smaller meals after 1 to 2 d trips, but otherwise stayed away until a threshold payload was obtained; consequently, provisioning rate (g d -1 ) was much greater after shorter trips. Lack of dual foraging may reflect the diversity of foraging zones available in this highly productive region. By inference, this would mean that adoption of dual foraging elsewhere is a con- sequence of greater heterogeneity in resource availability in waters surrounding those colonies.
AN IMPROVED GRAPHICAL VISUALIZATION FOR THE SUBSONIC-STEADY AERODYNAMIC OF DELTA WINGS USING MATLAB

The MATLAB programming language is used to write a generalized computer code to numerically simulate the aerodynamic of a lifting surface using the general vortex-lattice method. This code is used to model the flowfield and predict the aerodynamic loads. The subsonic, steady aerodynamic of a delta wing is used as an example. The powerful graphical tools of MATLAB are used to produce the following: 3-D visualizations of the wakes with/without hidden-line removal, the roll-up of the leading edge wakes, the propagation of the convected vortices, and 3-D pressure distributions. The results obtained in the present work support the physical interpretations of the wing-rock phenomenon and the multi-surface interference previously investigated by many authors; yet with significant improvement on the graphical visualizations.
Lithium and Beryllium Isotopes with the PAMELA Experiment

The cosmic ray (CR) lithium and beryllium (6Li, 7Li, 7Be, 9Be, 10Be) isotopic composition has been measured with the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA, which was launched into low-Earth orbit on board the Resurs-DK1 satellite on 2006 June 15. The rare lithium and beryllium isotopes in CRs are believed to originate mainly from the interaction of high-energy carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen nuclei with the interstellar medium (ISM), but also on “tertiary” interactions in the ISM (i.e., produced by further fragmentation of secondary beryllium and boron). In this paper, the isotopic ratios 7Li/6Li and 7Be/(9Be + 10Be), measured between 150 and 1100 MeV n−1 using two different detector systems from 2006 July to 2014 September, will be presented.
Toxicity tests with crustaceans for detecting sublethal effects of potential endocrine disrupting chemicals

New and updated test methods to detect and characterise endocrine disrupting chemicals are urgently needed for the purpose of environmental risk assessment. Although endocrine disruption in invertebrates has not been studied as extensive as in vertebrates, in particular in fish, numerous reports on effects of potential endocrine disrupters on crustacean development and reproduction have been published since the beginning of the nineties. However, most crustacean toxicity test protocols routinely used so far have not been designed with endocrine-specific endpoints in mind. The main objectives of the present Ph.D. project were: 1) to develop a fully synthetic saltwater medium suitable for laboratory culturing of marine copepods including their feeding organism as well as for toxicity testing 2) to identify sensitive endpoints related to growth, development and reproduction of the pelagic calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa 3) to elucidate the applicability of those endpoints for testing sublethal effects of model compounds 4) to investigate these model compounds in a second species, the benthic harpacticoid copepod Nitocra spinipes 5) to study the model compounds in vitro for ecdysteroid agonistic/antagonistic activity with the ecdysteroid-responsive Drosophila melanogaster BII cell line 6) to draft an OECD guideline proposal for testing of chemicals based on the experimental work performed within this study In preliminary investigations with A. tonsa were studied various parameters related to processes regulated by hormones such as growth, molting, sexual maturation and reproduction. The primary endpoints were larval development ratio, egg production and sex ratio. Exposure experiments were conducted with naturally occurring and synthetic vertebrate and invertebrate hormones as well as compounds known to act as endocrine disrupters in vertebrates. Larval development ratio was identified to be a remarkably sensitive endpoint. The larval development test with A. tonsa is rapid, cost-effective, easily to perform and results in full concentration-response relationships allowing the determination of effective concentrations (ECx). After having demonstrated that larval development of A. tonsa was a very sensitive endpoint for evaluating effects of chemicals that might interfere with the endocrine system of crustaceans, the larval development test has been applied to two groups of emerging environmental contaminants, brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and
Occurrence of microplastic fragments in the Pasig River

Microplastics are plastic fragments with dimensions of less than 5 mm. These materials are formed within bodies of water by the forces shearing on the large plastics. Ultraviolet light from sunlight also degrades plastic materials causing discoloration and disintegration into smaller, micro- or even nano-sized particles. This study reports the isolation of microplastic fragments from the Pasig River within the vicinity of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. The collection of floating particulates was done by sieving the river water (flow rate = 0.31 m s−1) through a 0.35 mm mesh for 10 minutes. Through this method, 25.7 m3 of river water was sieved over three samplings. Microplastics were isolated through a series of peroxide oxidation and sedimentation methods. All microplastic fragments were viewed and photographed under a compound microscope (40–100× magnification). A total of 34 microplastic fragments with lengths ranging from 0.56 to 4.58 mm were categorized. Microplastic fragments were categorized into two categories: small (1.16 ± 0.42 mm) and large (4.13 ± 0.37 mm), based on the size distribution. The microplastic fragments isolated were partially rounded and some showed signs of discoloration indicating mechanical and photo-degradation. The presence of microplastic fragments in Pasig River indicates persistent plastic pollution from the river source (Laguna de Bay), its tributaries, as well as the communities and industries situated along the river. Programs on solid waste management especially on plastic wastes could mitigate the production of microplastics in the river.