Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cellular Receptor Traffic Is Essential for Productive Duck Hepatitis B Virus Infection

ABSTRACT We have investigated the mechanism of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) entry into susceptible primary duck hepatocytes (PDHs), using mutants of carboxypeptidase D (gp180), a transmembrane protein shown to act as the primary cellular receptor for avian hepatitis B virus uptake. The variant proteins were abundantly produced from recombinant adenoviruses and tested for the potential to functionally outcompete the endogenous wild-type receptor. Overexpression of wild-type gp180 significantly enhanced the efficiency of DHBV infection in PDHs but did not affect ongoing DHBV replication, an observation further supporting gp180 receptor function. A gp180 mutant deficient for endocytosis abolished DHBV infection, indicating endocytosis to be the route of hepadnaviral entry. With further gp180 variants, carrying mutations in the cytoplasmic domain and characterized by an accelerated turnover, the ability of gp180 to function as a DHBV receptor was found to depend on a wild-type-like sorting phenotype which largely avoids transport toward the endolysosomal compartment. Based on these data, we propose a model in which a distinct intracellular DHBV traffic to the endosome, but not beyond, is a prerequisite for completion of viral entry, i.e., for fusion and capsid release. Furthermore, the deletion of the two enzymatically active carboxypeptidase domains of gp180 did not lead to a loss of receptor function.
A NEW TOOL FOR MEASURING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION : THE ANCHORING VIGNETTE APPROACH

The approach of the "anchoring vignettes" has been recently introduced as a new and powerful way to detect the systematic differences in the use of the response scales within countries or socio-economic groups when respondents evaluate themselves. This approach allows to analyse self-reported ordinal survey responses taking into account individual differences in the interpretation of the questions. This paper aims at showing how the marketing literature can be enriched by the application of this new methodology for the measurement of not-observable constructs, such as the customer satisfaction. Exploiting data collected by the LISS panel, this approach is applied for measuring the satisfaction after the purchase of a smartphone.
Nucleate Boiling Transition Boiling Inverted Annular Film Boiling Dispersed Flow Film Boiling CHF

0142-727X/$ see front matter 2008 Elsevier Inc. A doi:10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow. 2008.10. 004 Abbreviations: CHF, critical heat flux; DFFB, disp Quenching front; IAF, inverted annular flow; IAFB, inv * Corresponding author. Tel. : +1 352 392 9607; fax E-mail address: jnchung@ufl.edu (J.N. Chung). In this paper, a numerical model is developed to predict the cryogenic chilldown process of a vertical tube for both terrestrial and microgravity conditions. The flow field is covered by four distinct regions, which are single-phase vapor region, dispersed flow region, inverted annular flow region, and single-phase liquid region. Heat transfer mechanisms are dictated by the flow patters. A two-fluid model is employed to analyze the dispersed flow region and the inverted annular film boiling region. Gravity effect on the chilldown process is also investigated. Model results indicate that film boiling heat transfer decreases with decreasing gravity level for the bottom flooding condition. The model results show a good agreement with the experimental data. 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The daily activity pattern in males and females of the Mute Swan ( Cygnus olor , Anseriformes ) during different parts of the breeding season

The majority of activities in wild animals show a regular daily pattern with regard to their behaviour, which might be modified by external factors such as weather, food availability, predation level or demands of the body. Additionally, the activity of animals can be shaped by certain periods of their annual life cycle, like migration or breeding seasons. In the majority of bird species’ -especially those with prolonged bi-parental care – it is possible to observe modifications in their daily behaviour during the breeding season. Birds involved in parental duties are forced to change their own activities according to the requirements of their offspring. As a consequence, the daily rhythm of their behaviours can vary between different phases of the breeding period. Moreover, each sex may respond individually to demands caused by parental duties. The degree of change in daily behaviour can help to explain the role of each sex in brood care. A time-budget analysis of different 11 breeding pairs of Mute Swan was performed in central Poland in the years of 20052007. Here, the daily patterns of the following behaviours of both sexes were the subjects to analysis: incubation; nest (or sleeping platform) building/maintenance; movement; foraging; preening/comfort; resting/sleeping; alert/guarding and aggression. The study revealed a regular daily pattern of five activities (resting, comfort, movement, foraging and nest maintenance). Incubation was performed by females only and showed a defined daily pattern. Two behaviours –resting and nest maintenance – showed sex-related differences in daily rhythm. What is more, females modified their daily pattern of resting and nest maintenance during different phases of the breeding season (incubation vs. fledging phase). Males, on the other hand, did not change their pattern of daily activity during the entire breeding season. Alertness and aggression – behaviours primarily connected with territory-guarding –appeared without any regularity during the day. The study proved that parental duties can influence the daily rhythm of breeding birds, and confirmed the dominant role of the female in direct care for the offspring and the division of parental duties between Mute Swan mates.
Monte Carlo Tree Search with Fixed and Adaptive Abstractions

Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) is a popular approach to solving Markov decision problems with large state spaces due to the relative insensitivity of MCTS algorithms to the size of the state space. The limiting factor in the performance of tree search tends to be the exponential dependence of sample complexity on the depth of the tree. The number of samples required to build a search tree is O((|A|B)), where |A| is the number of available actions, B is the number of possible random outcomes of taking an action, and d is the depth of the tree. State abstraction can be used to reduce B by aggregating random outcomes together into abstract states. Recent work has shown that abstract tree search often performs substantially better than tree search conducted in the ground state space. This paper presents a theoretical and empirical evaluation of tree search with both fixed and adaptive state abstractions. We derive a bound on performance loss due to state abstraction in tree search that decomposes abstraction error into three components arising from different properties of the abstraction. We describe versions of popular MCTS algorithms that use fixed state abstractions, and we introduce the Progressive Abstraction Refinement in Sparse Sampling (PARSS) algorithm, which adapts its abstraction during search. We evaluate PARSS as well as tree search with fixed abstractions on 12 experimental domains, and find that PARSS outperforms tree search with a fixed representation and that search with even highly inaccurate fixed abstractions outperforms search without abstraction. These results establish progressive abstraction refinement as a promising basis for new tree search algorithms, and we propose directions for future work within the progressive refinement framework.
Updating P 300 : An Integrative Theory of P 3 a and P 3 b

The empirical and theoretical development of the P300 event-related brain potential (ERP) is reviewed by considering factors that contribute to its amplitude, latency, and general characteristics. The neuropsychological origins of the P3a and P3b subcomponents are detailed, and how target/ standard discrimination difficulty modulates scalp topography is discussed. The neural loci of P3a and P3b generation are outlined, and a cognitive model is proffered: P3a originates from stimulusdriven frontal attention mechanisms during task processing, whereas P3b originates from temporalparietal activity associated with attention and appears related to subsequent memory processing. Neurotransmitter actions associating P3a to frontal/dopaminergic and P3b to parietal/norepinephrine pathways are highlighted. Neuroinhibition is suggested as an overarching theoretical mechanism for P300, which is elicited when stimulus detection engages memory operations.
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of Integrative Conjugative Element Tn 5253 of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Conjugative transposon Tn5253, an integrative conjugative element (ICE) of Streptococcus pneumoniae carrying the cat and tet(M) genes, was shown to be 64,528 bp in size and to contain 79 open reading frames, of which only 38 could be annotated. Two distinct genetic elements were found integrated into Tn5253: Tn5251 (18,033 bp), of the Tn916-Tn1545 family of ICEs, and cat(pC194) (7,627 bp), which could not conjugate but was capable of intracellular mobility by excision, circularization, and integration by homologous recombination. The highest conjugation frequency of Tn5253 was observed when Streptococcus pyogenes was the donor (6.7 10 3 transconjugants/donor).
A Chest‐Laminated Ultrathin and Stretchable E‐Tattoo for the Measurement of Electrocardiogram, Seismocardiogram, and Cardiac Time Intervals

Seismocardiography (SCG) is a measure of chest vibration associated with heartbeats. While skin soft electronic tattoos (e‐tattoos) have been widely reported for electrocardiogram (ECG) sensing, wearable SCG sensors are still based on either rigid accelerometers or non‐stretchable piezoelectric membranes. This work reports an ultrathin and stretchable SCG sensing e‐tattoo based on the filamentary serpentine mesh of 28‐µm‐thick piezoelectric polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). 3D digital image correlation (DIC) is used to map chest vibration to identify the best location to mount the e‐tattoo and to investigate the effects of substrate stiffness. As piezoelectric sensors easily suffer from motion artifacts, motion artifacts are effectively reduced by performing subtraction between a pair of identical SCG tattoos placed adjacent to each other. Integrating the soft SCG sensor with a pair of soft gold electrodes on a single e‐tattoo platform forms a soft electro‐mechano‐acoustic cardiovascular (EMAC) sensing tattoo, which can perform synchronous ECG and SCG measurements and extract various cardiac time intervals including systolic time interval (STI). Using the EMAC tattoo, strong correlations between STI and the systolic/diastolic blood pressures, are found, which may provide a simple way to estimate blood pressure continuously and noninvasively using one chest‐mounted e‐tattoo.
THE OSCILLATORY CHANNEL FLOW WITH HARD BLOWING

In the presence of small-amplitude pressure oscillations, the linearized Navier-Stokes equations are solved to obtain an accurate description of the time-dependent field in a channel having a rectangular cross section and two equally permeable walls. The mean solution is based on Taylor’s classic profile while the temporal solution is synthesized from irrotational and rotational fields. Using standard perturbation tools, the rotational component of the solution is derived from the linearized vorticity transport equation. In the absence of an exact solution to rely on, asymptotic formulations are compared to numerical simulations. In essence, the analytical formulation reveals rich vortical structures and discloses the main link between pressure oscillations and rotational wave formation. In the process, the explicit roles of variable injection, viscosity, and oscillation frequency are examined. Using an alternative methodology, both WKB and multiple scale techniques are applied to the linearized momentum equation. The momentum equation is of the boundary value type and contains two small perturbation parameters. The primary and secondary parameters are, respectively, the reciprocal of the kinetic Reynolds and Strouhal numbers. The multiple scale procedure employs two fictitious scales in space: a base and an undetermined scale. The latter is left unspecified during the derivation process until flow parameters are obtained in general form. Physical arguments are later used to define the arbitrary scale, –which could not have been conjectured a priori. The emerging multiple scale solution offers several advantages. Its leading-order term is simpler and more accurate than other formulations. Most of all, it clearly displays the relationship between physical parameters that control the final motion. It thus provides the necessary means to quantify important flow features. These include the corresponding vortical wave amplitude, rotational depth of penetration, near-wall velocity overshoot, and surfaces of constant phase. In particular, it discloses a viscous parameter that has a strong influence on the depth of penetration, and furnishes a closed-form expression for the maximum penetration depth in any oscillation mode. These findings enable us to quantify the location of the shear layer and corresponding penetration depth. By way of theoretical verification, comparisons between asymptotic formulations and numeric predictions are reassuring. The most striking result is, perhaps, the satisfactory agreement found between asymptotic predictions and data obtained, totally independently, from numerical simulations of the nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations. In closing, a standard error analysis is used to confirm that the absolute error associated with the analytic formulations exhibits the correct asymptotic behavior.
Simultaneous determination of liensinine, isoliensinine and neferine from seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. in rat plasma by a rapid HPLC method and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

Abstract A rapid and specific HPLC method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of liensinine (CAS 2586-96-1), isoliensinine (CAS 6817-41-0) and neferine (CAS 2292-16-2) in rat plasma. The sample was prepared by a liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether and the recovery was above 80 % from the plasma for the three compounds. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a Hypersil BDS C18 column (4.0 mm × 250 mm, particle size 5 μm). A mobile phase consisting of methanol : 0.2 M KH2P04:0.2 M NaOH : Methylamine (71:17:12:0.002, v/v/v/v, pH 9.2-9.3) was slowly delivered at 0.8 ml/min in isocratic mode with a detection wave-length of 282 nm. The linearity of calibration curves were good (r > 0.999) in the concentration range of 0.031 -2.00 μg/ml. The lower limit of quantification can reach 0.03 μg/ml for the three compounds. The intra-day and inter-day variations estimated with QC samples were less than 8 % for the three tested concentration levels. This developed method was applied in the plasma pharmacokinetic study of total bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids (TAL) of the lotus flower (Lian Zi Xin) following a single oral and intravenous administration of TAL in rats.
Rapid cryofixation of rabbit muscle fibres after a temperature jump

We describe a procedure whereby structural changes that occur in muscle fibres after a rapid temperature jump can be captured by cryofixation. In the thick filament from rabbit and other mammalian skeletal muscles there is a rapid transition from a non‐helical to a helical structure as the temperature is raised from 273 K towards physiological levels. This transition is accompanied by characteristic intensity changes in the X‐ray diffraction pattern of the muscle. In our experiments to capture these changes, single fibres of glycerinated psoas muscle were subjected to a Joule temperature jump of 15–30 K from ~278 K in air. We have developed a freezing method using a modified Gatan cryosnapper in which a pair of liquid nitrogen‐cooled copper jaws were projected under pressure and closed on the fibre between 50 and 100 ms after the temperature jump. The frozen fibres were freeze‐substituted and embedded for electron microscopy. Transverse and longitudinal sections of relaxed ‘cold’ (~278 K) and temperature‐jumped fibres as well as rigor fibres were obtained. Fourier transforms of the images from the three preparations showed differences in the relative intensities of the reflections from the hexagonal filament lattice and in those of the helix‐based layer lines, similar to the differences seen by X‐ray diffraction. We conclude that we have preserved the ‘hot’ structure and that cryofixation is sufficiently fast to prevent the transition back to the ‘cold’ state.
On the distinction between rationality and intelligence: Implications for understanding individual differences in reasoning.

A concern for individual differences has been missing from the Great Rationality Debate in cognitive science—the debate about how much irrationality to attribute to human cognition. There are individual differences in rational thinking that are less than perfectly correlated with individual differences in intelligence because intelligence and rationality occupy different conceptual locations in models of cognition. A tripartite extension of currently popular dual-process theories is presented in this chapter that illustrates how intelligence and rationality are theoretically separate concepts. The chapter concludes by showing how this tripartite model of mind, taken in the context of studies of individual differences, can help to resolve the Great Rationality Debate.
THE EFFECT OF COMPLETE AND PARTIAL CONTOUR ZIRCONIA COPINGS ON THE FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF ALL CERAMIC RESTORATIONS

INTRODUCTION Veneer chipping is a common failure of zirconia based restorations, especially in the presence of high occlusal loads. Modifying zirconia design may influence veneer chipping. OBJECTIVES: Purpose of this study was to evaluate fracture resistance of complete and partial contour zirconia crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty standardized epoxy resin dies, prepared to receive zirconia based crowns, were divided into 4 groups, 5 specimens each. Zirconia framework designs were: (a) Full contour zirconia crown (FC), (b) Partial contour zirconia coping with buccal veneering (PC), (c) Anatomically reduced zirconia coping with palatal and proximal collar (ARD) and (d) half mm zirconia coping without collar (CON) (control group). Dual scanning technique was done for the test groups to fabricate zirconia copings with the use of standardized resin patterns, while normal scanning was made for the control group. After milling and sintering of zirconia specimens, veneering was done for all desired surfaces. All crowns were adhesively luted to their corresponding dies, and subjected to thermal cycling and mechanical loading corresponding to one year clinical service. Single load to fracture was applied to all the specimens. Type of failure was recorded for each specimen, investigated visually then by using Stereomicroscope and SEM. RESULTS: Complete and partial contour zirconia restorations showed high resistance to fracture. The presence of collar was insignificant for increasing fracture resistance, but had an influence on the fracture extension toward the proximal surface of the veneered restorations.
Split-mouth comparison of the accuracy of computer-generated and conventional surgical guides.

PURPOSE Recent clinical studies have shown that implant placement is highly predictable with computer-generated surgical guides; however, the reliability of these guides has not been compared to that of conventional guides clinically. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of reproducing planned implant positions with computer-generated and conventional surgical guides using a split-mouth design. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten patients received two implants each in symmetric locations. All implants were planned virtually using a software program and information from cone beam computed tomographic scans taken with scan appliances in place. Patients were randomly selected for computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture (CAD/CAM)-guided implant placement on their right or left side. Conventional guides were used on the contralateral side. Patients underwent operative cone beam computed tomography postoperatively. Planned and actual implant positions were compared using three-dimensional analyses capable of measuring volume overlap as well as differences in angles and coronal and apical positions. Results were compared using a mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance and were further analyzed using a Bartlett test for unequal variance (α = .05). RESULTS Implants placed with CAD/CAM guides were closer to the planned positions in all eight categories examined. However, statistically significant differences were shown only for coronal horizontal distances. It was also shown that CAD/CAM guides had less variability than conventional guides, which was statistically significant for apical distance. CONCLUSION Implants placed using CAD/CAM surgical guides provided greater accuracy in a lateral direction than conventional guides. In addition, CAD/CAM guides were more consistent in their deviation from the planned locations than conventional guides.
A Structural Model for Unity of Experience : Connecting User Experience , Customer Experience , and Brand Experience

Copyright © 2018–2019, User Experience Professionals Association and the authors. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. URL: http://www.upassoc. org. A Structural Model for Unity of Experience: Connecting User Experience, Customer Experience, and Brand Experience
Fourth-Order Staggered-Grid Finite-Difference Seismic Wavefield Estimation Using a Discontinuous Mesh Interface ( WEDMI ) by

In a realistic geological structure with a large contrast in seismic wavespeed between shallow and deep regions, simulation of seismic wave propagation using a spatially uniform grid can be computationally very demanding, due to overdiscretization of the high-speed material. Thus, numerical methods that allow for coarser discretization of the faster regions have the potential to be much more efficient. Discontinuous mesh (DM) methods, operating by exchanging wavefield information between media partitions discretized with two different grid spacings, provide a convenient way to improve such efficiency issues. Unfortunately, discontinuous staggered-grid finite-difference (FD) methods typically suffer from inherent stability problems, in particular in strongly heterogeneous media, arising from numerical noise generated at the overlap of the two regions with different grid spacing. We have developed a 3D fourth-order velocity-stress staggered-grid FD DM anelastic wave propagation method (AWP-DM) for seismic wavefield estimation using a discontinuous mesh interface (WEDMI) between fine and coarse meshes. Benchmarks in models with realistic 3D velocity variations and finite-fault sources across the grid interface show stable results for a number of timesteps, exceeding the need dictated by current high-frequency ground-motion simulations. In the case of a factor-of-three ratio between the coarse and fine grid sizes, this method is capable of producing a level of accuracy comparable to that from the uniform fine-grid scheme, using at least 7–8 grid points per minimum S wavelength inside the mesh overlap zone. Electronic Supplement: Additional stability tests with wavefield estimation using a discontinuous mesh interface (WEDMI) and Lanczos 13p.