Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatments for late life depression in primary care--a systematic review.

BACKGROUND Depression is common among older people. It is associated with increased mortality and use of health services. We could identify no prior systematic review of treatment for depression in either primary care attenders or population samples of older people. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review of trials of treatments for depression of patients over 60 years of age in primary care or population samples. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, Cinahl, the Cochrane Library, Psyclit, BIDS--Social Science and BIDS--Science Citation Indices for trials of drug treatment, interpersonal psychotherapy, cognitive behavioural psychotherapy, counselling and social interventions for late life depression in English, French or German published between 1980 and June 1999. RESULTS Of the studies identified, only two were of patients over 60 years of age and met all inclusion criteria for content and quality. Three further studies that were not restricted to but included patients over the age of 60 years also fulfilled our criteria. We found no studies of psychological therapies for depression in older people. With few exceptions, studies were limited to older people who reached a diagnostic threshold and excluded those with 'subcase level depression'. CONCLUSION There is little evidence of effectiveness for a variety of treatment approaches for depression in older people in primary care, particularly in those with less severe depression. As older people take more medication, making contra-indications to the use of antidepressant drugs more likely, there is a pressing need for studies of the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in primary care settings.
Hyperglycemia is an important aging factor involved in generation of advanced glycosylation endproducts ( AGEs

The effects of new antidiabetic drug Diabenol ® (9-diethylaminoethyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo-(1,2)benzimidazol dihydrochloride) on life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in NMRI and transgenic HER-2/neu mice as well as on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats are studied. It is shown that treatment with the drug failed influence body weight gain dynamics, food and water consumption and the body temperature, slowed down age-related disturbances in e d spont age-related c nce and d e, treatment w mas in a ytic and w nd 47.4% a ibits colon c ©
Costs of Outpatient Thyroid Surgery from the University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) Database

Objective To compare the cost of same-day vs 23-hour observation outpatient thyroidectomy at US academic medical centers. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis of a national database. Setting The University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) data collected from discharge summaries. Subjects and Methods Discharge data were collected from the first quarter of 2009 through the second quarter of 2013. The UHC database, compiled from more than 200 affiliated hospitals, was searched based on diagnosis codes for outpatient thyroid procedures. Cost data, calculated based on reported charges, were collected in addition to demographics. Comparisons were made between same-day vs 23-hour observation based on cost. Additional stratification was performed based on the extent of thyroidectomy. Results During the study period, 49,936 outpatient thyroidectomies were performed. Overnight observation (63%) was more common than same-day discharge (37%). The overall mean cost of outpatient thyroidectomy was $5617, with a mean cost of same-day surgery of $4642 compared with $6101 for overnight observation (P < .0001). When stratifying by extent of thyroidectomy, the cost of same-day surgery was consistently lower than that for overnight observation. Conclusion Outpatient thyroidectomy is commonly performed in the United States. It is most commonly performed on a 23-hour overnight observation basis. Overnight stay and complications were chief among other factors associated with higher cost, independent of the type of thyroid procedure performed. In appropriately selected patients, same-day thyroidectomy is a safe and cost-effective alternative to overnight observation or inpatient thyroid procedures.
Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) among HIV positive patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria

The study was to assessed the percentage prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among HIV patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano Nigeria between Augusts to November, 2007. The study involved the Screening of 200 HIV positive patients using rapid strip test (Biotech Lab.) for the detection of HBsAg in serum samples. The results obtained were (6%) 12 are positive to HBsAg out of the 200 patients screened. Therefore, the percentage prevalence was 6%. Similarly, the incidence was found to be higher in the age group 21-30 years with (2%) 4 positive while (3.5%) 7 with highest percentage prevalence in females as compared with males (2.5%) 5 statistical analyses have shown that there was a great significance relationship between HBsAg and the patients based on sex.
Efficacy of MR imaging in patients suspected of having Morton's neuroma.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to evaluate the role of MR imaging in patients with suspected Morton's neuroma and to assess the value of various MR sequences in this diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two consecutive patients with suspected Morton's neuroma were studied using a 1.0-T MR scanner. Axial T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo, short inversion time inversion recovery, and enhanced T1-weighted fat-suppressed spin-echo images were obtained on each patient. Eighteen intermetatarsal spaces in 16 of the 32 patients were evaluated surgically. Contrast-to-noise ratios for Morton's neuroma versus surrounding fat were calculated and standardized for imaging times. RESULTS In 15 of 18 intermetatarsal spaces, a Morton's neuroma was surgically proven. Thirteen true-positive, two false-negative, three true-negative, and no false-positive MR diagnoses were given. In six of 15 proven neuromas, the clinical examiner was not able to identify the correct intermetatarsal space. The MR diagnoses in the 16 remaining patients who did not undergo surgery were Morton's neuroma (n = 8), stress fracture (n = 1), foreign body reaction (n = 1), tendon sheath ganglion (n = 1), postoperative changes (n = 2), and no abnormality (n = 3). Standardized contrast-to-noise ratios (+/- SD) were 2.42 +/- 0.72 for T1-weighted images; 1.43 +/- 1.13 for T2-weighted images; 1.26 +/- 1.47 for short inversion time inversion recovery images; and 0.83 +/- 0.59 gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed images. The differences were statistically significant for the T1-weighted spin-echo images versus the three other sequences (p = .001-.018), but not among the other sequences (p = .209-.710). CONCLUSION MR imaging is accurate in diagnosing Morton's neuroma and may be important for correct localization. A limited examination employing axial T1-weighted spin-echo images is adequate; additional sequences should be employed only for differential diagnosis.
How to Control AFM Nanoxerography for the Templated Monolayered Assembly of 2 nm Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles

This paper reports on the directed monolayered assembly of 2 nm colloidal gold nanoparticles onto charge patterns written by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on poly(methylmethacrylate) thin films with a sub-100-nm spatial resolution. The impact of key experimental parameters (surface potential of charge patterns, immersion time in the colloidal solution, nanoparticle concentration, rinsing time) on the nanoparticle assembly was quantified for the first time. This study reveals that the high level of control of this so-called AFM nanoxerography process will allow one to construct promising colloid-based devices integrating localized nanoparticle monolayers of desired density.
An in situ assessment of selenium bioaccumulation from water‐, sediment‐, and dietary‐exposure pathways using caged chironomus dilutus larvae

An in situ caging study was conducted downstream of a metal mine in northern Canada to determine the significance of surface water versus sediment exposure on selenium (Se) bioaccumulation in the benthic invertebrate Chironomus dilutus. Laboratory‐reared C. dilutus larvae were exposed to either site‐specific whole‐sediment and surface water or surface water only for 10 d at sites with differing sediment and Se characteristics. Results showed elevated whole‐body Se concentrations in C. dilutus larvae when exposed to sediment and water, compared with larvae exposed to Se in the surface water only at concentrations ranging from <1 µg Se/L to 12 µg Se/L. In response to these findings, a second in situ experiment was conducted to investigate the importance of dietary Se (biofilm and detritus) versus whole‐sediment‐exposure pathways. Larvae exposed to sediment detritus had the highest Se concentrations after 10 d of exposure (15.6 ± 1.9 µg/g dry wt) compared with larvae exposed to whole‐sediment (12.9 ± 1.7 µg/g dry wt) or biofilm (9.9 ± 1.6 µg/g dry wt). Detritus and biofilm appear to be enriched sources of organic Se, which are more bioaccumulative than inorganic Se. Midge larvae from the reference treatment contained elevated concentrations of diselenides (i.e., selenocystine), while larvae from the biofilm treatment had the highest concentrations of selenomethionine‐like compounds, which may be a biomarker of elevated Se exposures derived from anthropogenic sources. Whenever possible, Se concentrations in the organic fraction of sediment should be measured separately from whole‐sediment Se and used for more accurate ecological risk assessments of potential Se impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2836–2848. © 2013 SETAC
Sustainability of Virulence in a Phage-Bacterial Ecosystem

ABSTRACT Virulent phages and their bacterial hosts represent an unusual sort of predator-prey system where each time a prey is eaten, hundreds of new predators are born. It is puzzling how, despite the apparent effectiveness of the phage predators, they manage to avoid driving their bacterial prey to extinction. Here we consider a phage-bacterial ecosystem on a two-dimensional (2-d) surface and show that homogeneous space in itself enhances coexistence. We analyze different behavioral mechanisms that can facilitate coexistence in a spatial environment. For example, we find that when the latent times of the phage are allowed to evolve, selection favors “mediocre killers,” since voracious phage rapidly deplete local resources and go extinct. Our model system thus emphasizes the differences between short-term proliferation and long-term ecosystem sustainability.
Guilt Feelings and Locus of Control of Concentration Camp Survivors

The present study compared concentration camp survivors and controls from the same ethnic and religious background on two variables: guilt feelings in everyday life and locus of control. No significant differences were found between survivors and controls. As for sex differences, it was found that women expressed significantly more guilt than men in "behaviors contrary to moral or ethical principles" and men were significantly more internal than women. The implications of these findings were discussed.
Measuring fig foraging frequency of the Yakushima macaque by using automatic cameras

An automatic camera system was employed to reveal the fig foraging frequency of primary seed dispersers on Yakushima Island, southern Japan. Seven automatic cameras were settled on sample branches of Ficus superba (Miq.) Miq. var. japonica Miq. to record animals foraging for figs. Figs on sample branches were counted at approximately 3 day intervals. The cameras took 168 photographs including 155 pictures of Yakushima macaques and two of birds, indicating that most of the figs at the inner parts of the crowns were eaten by the macaques. There was a linear relationship between the number of macaques foraging for figs on sample branches and the number of figs that dis-appeared within each period, suggesting that the automatic camera system was useful for estimating fig loss as a result of the foraging activity of the macaques on a branch basis.
Increasing Accuracy of Process-based Fraud Detection Using a Behavior Model

Process-based fraud (PBF) is fraud caused by deviation from a business process model. Some studies have proposed methods for PBF detection; however, these are still not able to fully detect the occurrence of fraud. In this context, we propose a new method of PBF detection which carries out the behavior of the originators (users who perform events) to adjust the levels of fraud occured in the events. In this research, we propose a method of PBF detection with behavior model in order to increase accuracy. This is done firstly by analyzing the business processes that correspond to those in the standard operating system (SOP). Secondly, by calculating the event execution performed by the originator and his/her relations within the organization, whose behavior is then analyzed. Thirdly, by using the number of deviations and the originator behavior to calculate the attribute value. By using attribute importance weights, an attribute rating of each originator is kept. Finally, Multi Attribute Decision Making is used to decide the PBF rating of a case, on the basis of which it is decided whether fraud occurred or not. The experimental results show that this behavior model is able to reduce false positive and false negative, therefore, the method can increase the accuracy level by 0.03.
Survival of Dogs Following Section of Carotid and Vertebral Arteries.∗

Summary 1. In a group of 7 dogs, the common carotid and vertebral arteries were doubly ligated and sectioned. In a second group of 7 dogs, common carotids were cut in 2 animals, vertebral arteries in another 2, vertebrals and internal carotids in another 2, and common carotids and one vertebral in one dog. 2. Animals in both groups survived 4 months from August to December, 1959. Heart rates, body temperatures and eye-grounds remained essentially normal in animals of both groups. Of dogs in the first group (carotid and vertebral arteries cut), in-telligence and alertness appear somewhat impaired, and physical condition is poor, with marked emaciation, hair loss, and edema of the extremities. All animals in second group appear normal in all respects. 3. The presence of known arterial anastomoses makes complete cerebral anemia most unlikely following section of both common carotid and both vertebral arteries in the dog. It is concluded that permanent interruption of the carotid and vertebral arterial supply to the head and brain of the dog is not incompatible with life, and that collateral circulation to the head is adequate to sustain life for at least 4 months.
Functional aspects of the sleep EEG

Only the recording of brain electrical activity (electroencephalogram, EEG) during sleep revealed that sleep is an active process that is tightly regulated. Thus, every night we cycle through a seemingly predefined series of discrete states (NREM and REM sleep) each with its characteristic EEG activity pattern. Sleep need is also regulated and depends to a large extent on how long we stay awake. Moreover, the longer we stay awake the more intense sleep becomes. The quantitative analysis of the sleep EEG led to the discovery of slow-wave activity (EEG power below 4.5 Hz) as a marker of sleep intensity, which closely reflects the homeostatic regulation of sleep. A recent hypothesis about the function of sleep attributes a central role in the maintenance of cortical connections, i.e. synapses, to this major EEG characteristic of NREM sleep. According to the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis, NREM sleep rich of slow waves favours the cleaning or recalibration of cortical connections, making them more efficient for signal transduction. Such increased efficiency of synapses might be responsible for the widely observed sleep dependent performance improvements. The clinical impact of the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis is exemplified by a potential relationship between the increased seizure risk during deep NREM sleep and changes in cortical signal transduction.
Heterosexual men and women who seek sex through the Internet

Heterosexual women (n = 330), heterosexual men (n = 319) and gay men (n = 331) attending a London HIV-testing clinic in 2002–03 completed a confidential self-administered questionnaire concerning their sexual behaviour and use of the Internet for seeking sexual partners (response rate 70%). One-in-twenty (5%) heterosexual women and one-in-ten (10%) heterosexual men had used the Internet to look for sexual partners in the previous 12 months compared with nearly half (43%) the gay men (P<0.001). Rates of high-risk sexual behaviour with a casual partner were elevated among those who used the Internet to look for sex (compared with those who did not). However, people who looked for sex through the Internet were just as likely to meet their high-risk casual partners offline as online. Our findings suggest that high-risk heterosexual women and men are selectively using the Internet to look for sex rather than the Internet per se leading to riskier sexual behaviour.
Comparison of the efficacy of chlormethiazole and diazepam as i.v. sedatives for supplementation of extradural anaesthesia.

The clinical efficacy of two sedative agents was compared in 21 young healthy patients undergoing surgery under extradural blockade. A state of sedation and amnesia in which patients lapsed into a sleep-like state when left undisturbed, yet spontaneously opened their eyes to make comments and co-operate with verbal commands, was sought. This was achieved readily by careful titration of responses and required a diazepam loading dose of 20 (+/- 15) mg given at a rate of 1 mg min-1 or 0.8% chlormethiazole edisylate infusion 10 ml min-1 given over 16 (+/- 6) min. Control of this state was easier with chlormethiazole (by varying the rate of infusion) than by giving repeated doses of diazepam. Both agents provided good anterograde amnesia; there was no retrograde amnesia. Considerable postoperative somnolence with a high incidence of relapse into amnesic and sedated states were noted with both agents. However, if the total volume of chlormethiazole infused was less than 300 ml, then a distinct advantage of abrupt and lucid recovery was apparent. Blood concentrations producing the desired clinical state were more variable for diazepam than for chlormethiazole.
Social inequalities in teenage fertility outcomes: childbearing and abortion trends of three birth cohorts in Finland.

CONTEXT Teenagers of low socioeconomic status are more likely to get pregnant, and less likely to choose abortion, than more privileged teenagers. Few studies have used longitudinal data to examine whether these differences persist as overall teenage pregnancy rates decline. METHODS Nationally representative register data from 259,242 Finnish women in three birth cohorts (1955-1959, 1965-1969 and 1975-1979) were analyzed using Cox regression to assess socioeconomic differences in teenagers' risks of pregnancy and abortion. Binary logistic regression was used to assess socioeconomic differences in the odds of pregnant teenagers' choosing abortion. RESULTS Socioeconomic differences in abortion risk did not change substantially across cohorts; however, differences in the risk of childbirth rose between the first two cohorts and then returned to their earlier level. In all cohorts, teenagers from upper-level employee backgrounds, the most privileged group, had the lowest risks of abortion and childbirth (44-53% and 53-69% lower, respectively, than those for manual workers' children). Teenagers whose parents were lower-level employees or farmers also had reduced risks of both outcomes in all cohorts; results for other socioeconomic groups were less consistent. Pregnant teenagers from upper-level employee backgrounds had 2-3 times the odds of abortion of manual workers' children; the largest difference was found in the 1950s cohort. CONCLUSIONS Despite the declining overall teenage pregnancy rate, poorer background continues to be associated with a higher risk of conceiving and of giving birth.
Diverticular disease is associated with an enteric neuropathy as revealed by morphometric analysis

Background The pathogenesis of diverticular disease (DD) is attributed to several aetiological factors (e.g. age, diet, connective tissue disorders) but also includes distinct intestinal motor abnormalities. Although the enteric nervous system (ENS) is the key‐regulator of intestinal motility, data on neuropathological alterations are limited. The study aimed to investigate the ENS by a systematic morphometric analysis.
Computational chunking in Chess

Adriaan de Groot, the Dutch psychologist and chess Master, argued that “perception and memory are more important differentiators of chess expertise than the ability to look ahead in selecting a chess move” (Groot 1978). A component of expertise in chess has been attributed to the expert having knowledge of ‘chunks’ and this knowledge gives the expert the ability to focus quickly on “good moves with only moderate look-ahead search” (Gobet and Simon 1998). The effects of chunking in chess are widely reported in the literature, however papers reporting the nature of chunks are largely based on inference from psychological experimentation. This thesis reports original work resulting from extensive data mining of a large number of chessboard configurations to explore the nature of chunks within the game of chess and the associated moves played by expert chess players. The research was informed by work in the psychology of chess and explored with software engineering techniques, employing large datasets consisting of transcripts from expert players games. The thesis reports results from an analysis of chunks throughout the game of chess, explores the properties of meaningful chunks and reports effects of the application of chunk knowledge to move searching.
Lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Seven patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia presented with moderate to dense consolidation in one (in five patients) or more lobes. The diagnosis was suspected in five patients after failure to respond to 1 to 6 (average 2.6) antibiotics administered for 2 to 12 (average 7) days, and in one patient upon the development of hemolytic anemia. Clues to the diagnosis of nonbacterial pneumonia included a nonrespiratory viral-like prodromal period (in five), a nonproductive cough (in five), lack of rigors (in seven), recent "pneumonia" in family members (in ;three), normal total leukocyte and neutrophil counts (in six) and the absence of bacterial pathogens in smears and cultures of sputum (in all seven). The diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection was supported by the presence of cold agglutinins (in a titre of 1.64 or greater) in ;the serum of five or six patients and was confirmed by diagnostic levels or increases in the titre of M. pneumoniae complement fixing antibodies. Awareness of the fact that M. pneumoniae can present as lobar consolidation and close attention to the clinical and laboratory data can usually suggest a nonbacterial cause and thus prevent delay in appropriate antibiotic treatment.