Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
O endividamento dos clubes de futebol no Brasil

O futebol brasileiro passa por um momento de grande transformacao na busca de melhor gestao profissional, transparencia e modernidade. O estudo do endividamento dos clubes nacionais, objetivo do presente trabalho, e um assunto pouco explorado nos meios academicos e sem duvida sera muito importante que sua boa gestao ocorra sem traumas nesta esperada e necessaria transformacao, sobretudo pelo fato de que em menos de dois anos, o Brasil sediara a Copa do Mundo-2014. Investimentos volumosos sao muito necessarios no atual estagio que se encontram as obras, e como bancar tudo isto sem que haja um saneamento rigoroso e sistematico do endividamento dos clubes. Efetuou-se testes com oito (8) variaveis independentes buscando-se explanacao para tres (3) variaveis dependentes, uma de cada vez, atraves do modelo de regressao Gamma com funcao de ligacao logaritmica. Para a variavel dependente, Endividamento Total, detectou-se uma boa explicacao atraves do resultado operacional dos clubes, ou seja, quanto melhor o EBITDA, menor o grau de endividamento. Para a variavel dependente, Endividamento Bancario, a explicacao recaiu tambem de forma inversa no investimento em Ativo Fixo, o que valeria afirmar que quanto maior este tipo de investimento menor seria a divida com bancos, e finalmente para a divida bancaria adicionada a tributaria, encontrou-se explicacao atraves da estimativa de minimos quadrados, com a correcao da heteroscedasticidade, nas variaveis independentes Ativo Fixo, EBITDA, Auditorias Independentes de grupos internacionais, e investimentos na Formacao de Atletas.
Bullar Pressure Changes in Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

Previous experiments have shown that Eustachian tube ligation via an external aseptic approach, inevitably incited tympanic bullar effusion in the cat unless permanent myringotomy was accomplished. ' Experimental palate splitting and pterygoid hamulotomy also resulted in such effusion, but not with the same predictable regularity.f These results favor the "hydrops ex vacuo" theory over the lymphatic compromise or inflammation concepts of the genesis of this condition as it occurs in man. In a further attempt to test this premise it seemed advisable to design experiments which would determine whether or not spontaneous bullar pressure changes actually occur in the face of auditory tube obstruction. Should such alterations prove to be demonstrable, it was hoped that an estimation of their magnitude and time course might be achieved.
Factors affecting microwave-enhanced advanced oxidation process for sewage sludge treatment

The microwave-enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW/H2O2-AOP) was applied to sewage sludge for nutrient solubilization and solids' disintegration. Four factors, temperature, hydrogen peroxide dosage, mixing, and solids concentration were chosen for a screening experiment, and were ranked according to their significance of influence on the process. In general, temperature and hydrogen peroxide dosage are the two significant factors affecting the process, while mixing is the least significant factor. Temperature was the most significant factor for the release of orthophosphate, and hydrogen peroxide dosage was most important in ammonia release. Solids disintegration, in terms of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), was largely dependent on temperature and hydrogen peroxide dosage. For volatile fatty acids (VFA) release, mixing was the most significant factor. At higher temperatures with mixing, more VFA was released into the headspace, resulting in less VFA retained in the solution. The best results of solids' disintegration and nutrient release were obtained at 120°C, and 0.80 g H2O2/g dry sludge.
Is the Degree of Discomfort Caused by Tinnitus in Normal-Hearing Individuals Correlated with Psychiatric Disorders?

Objective To evaluate the annoyance of tinnitus in normal-hearing patients and to correlate it with outer hair cell function and with anxiety and depression disorders. Study design Case-control study. Setting Tertiary care medical center. Subjects and Methods Sixty-eight patients with tinnitus (study group) and a control group consisting of 46 subjects without tinnitus were studied. The subjects ranged in age from 20 to 45 years and had a hearing threshold of up to 25 dB in the frequency range of 500 to 8000 Hz. The subjects were submitted to otoacoustic emission (OAE) tests. Tinnitus annoyance was evaluated using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, and anxiety and depression were measured using the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories. Results In the study group, 67% of the transient-evoked OAE tests were altered, with the observation of significant differences for all frequencies tested. In addition, 65.2% of the distortion product–evoked OAE tests were altered at 3000, 6000, and 8000 Hz, and this difference was significant when compared with control. Anxiety (44.1%) and depression (33.3%) were significantly more frequent among patients with tinnitus. Tinnitus annoyance was not correlated with the OAE results or tinnitus duration but showed a correlation with the presence of anxiety and depression. In the study group, no difference in tinnitus annoyance, anxiety, or depression was observed between patients with normal and altered OAE tests. Conclusion This study showed altered OAE in patients with tinnitus and normal hearing. It also demonstrated a positive correlation between the annoyance of tinnitus and anxiety and depression in normal-hearing patients.
Past, Present, and Future Changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

Observations and numerical modeling experiments provide evidence for links between variability in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and global climate patterns. Reduction in the strength of the overturning circulation is thought to have played a key role in rapid climate change in the past and may have the potential to significantly influence climate change in the future, as noted in the last two Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment reports (Houghton et al.; Solomon et al.). Both IPCC reports also highlighted the significant uncertainties that exist regarding the future behavior of the AMOC under global warming. Model results suggest that changes in the AMOC can impact surface air temperature, precipitation patterns, and sea level, particularly in areas bordering the North Atlantic, thus affecting human populations. Here, the current understanding of past, present, and future changes in the AMOC and the effects of such changes on climate are reviewed. The focus is on observations of the AMOC, how the AMOC influences climate, and in what way the AMOC is likely to change over the next few decades and the twenty-first century. The potential for decadal prediction of the AMOC is also discussed. Finally, the outstanding challenges and possible future directions for AMOC research are outlined.
Wind Speed Retrieval From VH Dual-Polarization RADARSAT-2 SAR Images

Recent studies show the promising ability of cross-polarization synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for high-wind-speed monitoring. However, no dual-polarization (dual-pol) geophysical model functions (GMFs) have thus far been established. In this paper, we first address the difference between dual-pol and quad-pol VH radar returns with respect to wind speed and show the necessity of having a VH dual-pol GMF for ScanSAR images, for remote sensing of mesoscale wind processes, such as hurricanes. By collocating VH dual-pol RADARSAT-2 SAR measurements with in situ buoy winds, a VH dual-pol GMF was developed after introducing a denoise procedure to increase the signal-to-noise ratio for SAR measurements. Study results suggest that the VH dual-pol radar returns have a linear monotonic piecewise increasing dependence on wind speed, with decreasing scatter in high winds. Successful application of the GMF to high-wind-speed retrieval for hurricane Gustav in 2008 suggests that VH mode SAR images do not exhibit signal saturation or the speed ambiguity problem that affects copolarization SAR images for high-wind-speed retrieval. This result supports the potential future application of VH dual-pol SAR images to hurricane monitoring.
Remyelination of the nonhuman primate spinal cord by transplantation of H‐transferase transgenic adult pig olfactory ensheathing cells

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) have been shown to mediate remyelination and to stimulate axonal regeneration in a number of in vivo rodent spinal cord studies. However, whether OECs display similar properties in the primate model has not been tested so far. In the present study, we thus transplanted highly‐purified OECs isolated from transgenic pigs expressing the α1,2 fucosyltransferase gene (H‐transferase or HT) gene into a demyelinated lesion of the African green monkey spinal cord. Four weeks posttransplantation, robust remyelination was found in 62.5% of the lesion sites, whereas there was virtually no remyelination in the nontransplanted controls. This together with the immunohistochemical demonstration of the grafted cells within the lesioned area confirmed that remyelination was indeed achieved by OECs. Additional in vitro assays demonstrated l) that the applied cell suspension consisted of >98% OECs, 2) that the majority of the cells expressed the transgene, and 3) that expression of the HT gene reduced complement activation more than twofold compared with the nontransgenic control. This is the first demonstration that xenotransplantation of characterized OECs into the primate spinal cord results in remyelination.
OUTER RETINAL TUBULATION IN DEGENERATIVE RETINAL DISORDERS

Purpose: To demonstrate outer retinal tubulation (ORT) in various degenerative retinal disorders. Methods: This was a retrospective review of the multimodal imaging of 29 eyes of 15 patients with various retinal dystrophies and inflammatory maculopathies manifesting ORT. The morphologic features of ORT and its evolution over time were analyzed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography data. Results: Outer retinal tubulation was identified as round or ovoid structures with hyperreflective borders in pattern dystrophy (six eyes), acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (five eyes), retinitis pigmentosa (four eyes), Stargardt disease (four eyes), gyrate atrophy (two eyes), choroideremia (two eyes), and various other degenerative conditions. These structures appeared to develop from the invagination of photoreceptors at the junction of intact and atrophic outer retina. During follow-up, the number and distribution of ORT largely remained stable. As zones of atrophy enlarged, the frequency of ORT appeared to increase. The ORT structures were found in <10% of patients with retinitis pigmentosa, Stargardt disease, or pattern dystrophy. Conclusion: Outer retinal tubulation is found in various degenerative retinal disorders that share in common damage to the outer retina and/or retinal pigment epithelium. The presence of ORT may be an indicator of underlying disease stage and severity.
Add-on clinical effects of simvastatin and ondansetron in patients with schizophrenia stabilized on antipsychotic treatment: pilot study

Objectives: There is some evidence that anti-inflammatory treatment may have beneficial effects in schizophrenia and major depression. Statins are cholesterol-lowering agents but have been found to be anti-inflammatory and also decrease C-reactive protein (CRP). Ondansetron is a serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist widely used to prevent nausea and vomiting in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer. Small studies have suggested that adjunctive ondansetron is efficacious against schizophrenia symptoms. We carried out a feasibility study in schizophrenia patients (within 5 years of first diagnosis) to explore the adjunctive use of simvastatin and ondansetron on positive, negative and general psychopathology. Methods: This was a 12-week rater-blind placebo-controlled study. A total of 36 patients with DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia were recruited, 12 in each arm. Patients were assessed at baseline and at 12 weeks using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). Results: Both simvastatin and ondansetron provide some evidence of a reduction in symptoms compared with treatment as usual (TAU) on PANSS total score, although this was not statistically significant. In the secondary analyses, no significant differences were seen on CGI, GAF and AIMS. Conclusions: Anti-inflammatory treatments have been shown to have some beneficial effects in schizophrenia. Both simvastatin and ondansetron provide some evidence of a reduction in symptoms compared with TAU. This study has led to a larger Stanley Medical Research Institute (SMRI)-funded, double-blind, randomized control trial.
Glenoid Shape in Atraumatic Posterior Instability of the Shoulder

Glenoid shape is related closely to shoulder stability and its abnormality is thought to affect the humeral head position in shoulders with atraumatic instability. However, it is unclear how the glenoid shape in shoulders with atraumatic instability is different from the glenoid shape in normal shoulders. The current authors investigated glenoid shape of 45 healthy individuals (20 males and 25 females; average age, 22 years) and 20 patients with atraumatic posterior instability with multidirectional laxity (six males and 14 females; average age, 19 years) using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. The tilting angles of the glenoid bone were measured in five consecutive planes perpendicular to the long axis of the glenoid and cross sections were divided into three types (concave, flat, convex). In healthy individuals, the average tilting angles from the bottom to the top of the glenoid bone were 3.0° ± 3.6°, 1.0° ± 3.2°, −1.0° ± 2.0°, −2.3° ± 3.9°, and −6.9° ± 3.7° anteriorly, and tilting angles of patients were −6.1° ± 4.0°, −4.0° ± 3.6°, −4.8° ± 3.2°, −5.5° ± 2.7°, and −7.5° ± 3.1°. The type of cross section also was different on the bottom plane where the concave shape accounted for 78% of healthy individuals whereas it accounted for 0% of patients. The loss of tilting angles and concavity of the inferior glenoid would correlate with the direction of the head translation in posterior instability.
Flow behaviour of blood cells and rigid spheres in an annular vortex.

The behaviour of human and frog red cells, platelets and rigid spheres were studied in the annular vortex formed in steady or pulsatile flow at the sudden concentric expansion of a 151 $\mu$ m into 504 $\mu$ m diameter glass tube. During a single orbit the measured particle velocities and paths in steady flow were in good agreement with those calculated for the fluid, predicted by theory to circulate in closed orbits. Over longer periods, however, single blood cells and latex spheres $\mu$ m diameter migrated across the streamlines out of the vortex at a rate depending on the Reynolds number whereas spheres and aggregates of red cells > 30 $\mu$ m diameter remained in the vortex at all Reynolds numbers. Similar behaviour was noted in pulsatile flow when the vortex moved in phase with upstream fluid velocity and particles described spiral orbits of continually changing diameter. With red cell suspensions of 15-45% haematocrit in steady flow, migration of the corpuscles was also observed and resulted in the formation of a particle-free vortex. In pulsatile flow, cells were always present in the vortex, but their concentration which varied periodically was lower than that in the mainstream. The formation of aggregates of latex spheres and human platelets through collisions occurring in orbit, and their migration to the vortex centre was also observed.
Assessment of Upper Esophageal Sphincter Function on High-resolution Manometry: Identification of Predictors of Globus Symptoms

Background: Globus is commonly encountered in clinical practice, but high-resolution manometry (HRM) characteristics are incompletely characterized. We evaluated HRM metrics in globus subjects, compared with age-matched and sex-matched dysphagia subjects and healthy controls. Study: Twenty-four subjects with globus (53.3±2.3 y, 58% female) were compared with 24 age-matched and sex-matched subjects with nonobstructive dysphagia (52.5±2.5 y, 58% female), and 21 healthy controls (27.6±0.6 y, 52% female). Sphincter and segment anatomy, and pressure volume metrics assessed skeletal (proximal contractile integral) and smooth muscle contraction (distal contractile integral). Parameters significantly different across groups on univariate analysis were subjected to multivariate logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic analysis to identify HRM predictors of globus. Results: Upper esophageal sphincter (UES) postswallow residual pressures were highest in globus (2.6±0.5 vs. 2.3±0.5 mm Hg in dysphagia and 0.6±0.6 mm Hg in controls, P=0.03); 66.7% had recordable UES residual pressure, in contrast to 9.5% of controls, and 37.5% of dysphagia patients (P=0.0002). Although different from controls, UES length and basal pressure, and segment 1 parameters did not differ from dysphagia controls. In a multivariate model, measurable UES residual pressure (odds ratio, 6.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.79-25.96) independently predicted globus. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis identified a threshold of 0.4 mm Hg UES residual pressure in segregating globus (sensitivity 66.7%, specificity 71.5%, positive predictive value 55.2%, and negative predictive value 80.0%). Conclusion: HRM with measurement of UES residual pressure allows objective assessment of patients with globus sensation, and has potential to complement current diagnostic strategies.
The subcellular Sox11 distribution pattern identifies subsets of mantle cell lymphoma: correlation to overall survival

Gene expression analysis demonstrated high expression of the neuronal transcription factor SOX11 in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). In contrast to follicular lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma and reactive lymphoid tissue, most MCLs tested (48/53 patients) expressed sox11 protein in the nucleus. Therefore nuclear sox11 expression represents a new tumour marker for a subset of MCL. However, 5/53 MCL cases expressed sox11 only in the cytoplasm; these MCL patients had a shorter survival compared to MCL with nuclear sox11 expression. These results suggest sox11 expression as a new diagnostic marker in MCL that could be related to the clinical and biological behaviour of MCL.
BER estimation in DPSK systems using the differential phase Q taking into account the electrical filtering influence

A novel method to estimate the bit-error ratio (BER) in differential phase-shift keying systems, taking into account the receiver electrical filtering influence is proposed. This method assumes a Gaussian distribution for the "equivalent" differential phase evaluated after electrical filtering. The validity of the proposed method is assessed by comparison with results from Monte-Carlo simulation, in systems where the amplified spontaneous noise added by the in-line erbium-doped fiber amplifiers is prevalent over the remaining noise sources. A good agreement between the estimates of the proposed method and results from Monte-Carlo simulation is shown. The proposed method correctly estimates the BER improvement due to the electrical filtering.
High response rate using recombinant interferon-alpha in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia.

To improve the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in a single center, we have used interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) to treat newly diagnosed Ph-positive CML patients and investigated the factors predictive of a major cytogenetic response. Eighty-one patients with a median age of 50.5 y (17-70) were given IFN-alpha (5 x 10(6)/sqm/day, s.c. ). The median interval between diagnosis and IFN-alpha was 45 days (0-160). IFN-alpha doses were adjusted to maintain the white blood cell (WBC) count between 1.5 and 5 x 10(9)/l and the platelet count between 50 and 100 x 10(9)/l. At diagnosis, Sokal's criteria were used to classify patients into three groups: low (n = 39), intermediate (n = 32) and high risk (n = 10). A complete hematological response (CHR) was achieved in 66 cases (81.5%). Cytogenetic response was evaluated in these 66 responders. Thirty-six patients (44.4%) achieved a major cytogenetic response (MCR) (> or = 65% Ph-negative cells), 31 of them having a complete cytogenetic response. The 5-y transformation-free survival (TFS) of the 81 patients was 77 +/- 14% (95% CI) and was statistically influenced by the CHR rate at three months (p = 0.008) and the achievement of MCR or CCR (p < 0.0009 and p < 0.0005, respectively). Moreover, we found that the MCR or CCR were significantly influenced by the obtaining of CHR at three months (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). These results show that IFN-alpha can induce high rates of hematological and cytogenetic responses when administered in doses leading to myelosuppression. The achievement of CHR within three months could be useful to identify early those patients who will not respond to IFN-alpha and who need alternative treatments such as allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation.
Success Factors of Application Integration: An Exploratory Analysis

The increased deployment of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) applications creates application integration challenges. However, very few articles focus on application integration success. That is why we first analyze these contributions and derive success factor candidates (SFCs). In addition, contributions dealing with problems and risks of application integration and related research fields are examined-as they allow for the derivation of further SFCs. In total twenty-six SFCs are collected. A factor analysis is conducted to examine interrelations between SFCs. It yields seven success factor groups, e.g., architecture management, IT/business alignment, or use of methods. In a second step, an exploratory analysis is conducted to examine the impact of these SFCs on various success indicators of application integration. These success indicators were defined beforehand by analyzing theories for information system (IS) success. As a result of the exploratory analysis, twenty-seven hypotheses are proposed. These hypotheses need to be corroborated in a future confirmatory study.
Successful Generation of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Pseudotype Particle; A Versatile Tool for Identification of the HBV Receptor and Investigation of HBV Infectivity

It is near a half century since hepatitis B virus (HBV) was identified. HBV receptor molecules and the entry mechanism of HBV into hepatocytes have not been elucidated completely, though there are some reports on infection systems and on the receptor molecules. Thus, we still have not reached finding a real HBV receptor and there have been no useful and convenient infection system in vitro and in vivo for HBV, which makes it impossible for us to understand a precise HBV life cycle and HBV involved related diseases. An HBV infection system is really needed to explore ways and means of treatment of HBV related diseases based on evidence as well. Here, we designed and tried to generate an HBV pseudotype, which has a viral particle containing a retrovirus capsid and a genome inside surrounded by HBV membrane proteins. We proved successful generation of this pseudotype by immunoprecipitation with anti-HBVs antibodies and by CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation, followed by RT-PCR targeting a retroviral gene, an EGFP gene in this case, respectively. Though our established system is constructed on growth dependent integration of retroviral genomes and thus was very hard to observe its infection in a primary human hepatocytes culture system, successful generation of the HBV pseudotype will make it possible for us to perform a biological assay to clone an HBV receptor based on infectivity and will facilitate its separation and identification