Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Multi-Manifold Clustering by Learning Deep Representation

In this paper, we propose a novel deep manifold clustering (DMC) method for learning effective deep representations and partitioning a dataset into clusters where each cluster contains data points from a single nonlinear manifold. Different from other previous research efforts, we adopt deep neural network to classify and parameterize unlabeled data which lie on multiple manifolds. Firstly, motivated by the observation that nearby points lie on the local of manifold should possess similar representations, a locality preserving objective is defined to iteratively explore data relation and learn structure preserving representations. Secondly, by finding the corresponding cluster centers from the representations, a clustering-oriented objective is then proposed to guide the model to extract both discriminative and clusterspecific representations. Finally, by integrating two objectives into a single model with a unified cost function and optimizing it by using back propagation, we can obtain not only more powerful representations, but also more precise clusters of data. In addition, our model can be intuitively extended to cluster out-of-sample datum. The experimental results and comparisons with existing state-of-the-art methods show that the proposed method consistently achieves the best performance on various benchmark datasets.
Employing digital crowdsourced information resources: Managing the emerging information commons

This paper examines the ways loosely connected online groups and formal science professionals are responding to the potential for collaboration using digital technology platforms and crowdsourcing as a means of generating data in the digital information commons. The preferred approaches of each of these groups to managing information production, circulation and application are examined in the light of the increasingly vast amounts of data that are being generated by participants in the commons. Crowdsourcing projects initiated by both groups in the fields of astronomy, environmental science and crisis and emergency response are used to illustrate some of barriers and opportunities for greater collaboration in the management of data sets initially generated for quite different purposes. The paper responds to claims in the literature about the incommensurability of emerging approaches to open information management as practiced by formal science and many loosely connected online groups, especially with respect to authority and the curation of data. Yet, in the wake of technological innovation and diverse applications of crowdsourced data, there are numerous opportunities for collaboration. This paper draws on examples employing different social technologies of authority to generate and manage data in the commons. It suggests several measures that could provide incentives for greater collaboration in the future. It also emphasises the need for a research agenda to examine whether and how changes in social technologies might foster collaboration in the interests of reaping the benefits of increasingly large data resources for both shorter term analysis and longer term accumulation of useful knowledge.
Inter‐specific variation in avian responses to human disturbance

Summary 1. Increasing urbanization and recreational activities around and within biodiversity hotspots require an understanding of how to reduce the impacts of human disturbance on more than a single species; however, we lack a general framework to study multiple species. One approach is to expand on knowledge about the theory of anti-predator behaviour to understand and predict how different species might respond to humans. 2. We reviewed the literature and found that only 21% of studies that used a behavioural approach to study human disturbance focused on multiple species. These studies identified a number of potential predictive variables. 3. We developed a simulation model that investigates interspecific variation in different parameters of disturbance with variation in human visitation. We found that fitness-related responses, such as the quantity of food consumed by a species, are relatively sensitive to the distance at which animals detect humans, the frequency of disturbance by humans and the interaction of these factors, but are less sensitive to other characteristics. 4. We examined avian alert distance (the distance animals first orientated to an approaching threat, a proxy for detection distance) across 150 species, controlling for phylogenetic effects. We found that larger species had greater alert distances than smaller species, which could increase local spatial and temporal limitations on suitable habitat with increasing human visitation. 5. Synthesis and applications . Our results suggest that body size could be a potential predictor of responses to human disturbance across species, and could be used by managers to make conservation decisions regarding levels of human visitation to a protected site. We suggest that three things are essential to develop predictive models of how different species will respond to human disturbance. First, multiple indicators of disturbance should be studied to select those with lower intraspecific variation for a given study system. Secondly, the species-specific nature of responses should be identified. Thirdly, life history, natural history and other correlates with these species-specific responses must be assessed.
Design of Compact Single-Layer Textile MIMO Antenna for Wearable Applications

A compact single-layer textile MIMO antenna is designed for wearable applications. The theory of characteristic mode is used to guide the antenna design and analyze its performance. The MIMO antenna utilizes a small ground plane as the main radiator, which is capacitively loaded by two strips along two orthogonal edges. The whole system occupies a volume of 38.1 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times38.1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm, with each antenna having a dipole-like radiation pattern of linear polarization. Good isolation of above 12 dB is achieved due to the quasi-orthogonal radiations generated by the two antennas, providing pattern and polarization diversities. The envelope correlation coefficient between the antennas is below 0.01. The proposed antenna, fabricated on a flexible felt with a permittivity of 1.2, has a wide bandwidth of 20%. Due to its broadband behavior, the antennas remain well matched at the target band when worn on the body and bended. The loss of the human tissue results in the drop of the antenna gains to 1.6 dBi and 1.2 dBi, respectively, for the two antennas. The proposed antenna is competitive for wearable applications, due to its compact size, single-layer structure, easy integration, robustness, and reasonable on-body antenna gain.
Fermentative Hydrogen Production - Process Design and Bioreactors

Substitution of fossil fuels with alternative energy carriers has become necessary due to climate change and fossil fuel shortages. Fermentation as a way of producing biohydrogen, an attractive and environmentally friendly future energy carrier, has captured received increasing attention in recent years because of its high H2 production rate and a variety of readily available waste substrates used in the process. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art of fermentative biohydrogen production, factors affecting this process, as well as various bioreactor configurations and performance parameters, including H2 yield and H2 production rate.
Alert distance as an alternative measure of bird tolerance to human disturbance: implications for park design

Animal tolerance to human approaches may be used to establish buffers for wildlife that can minimize the probability that animals will be disturbed by human activity. Alert distance (the distance between an animal and an approaching human at which point the animal begins to exhibit alert behaviours to the human) has been proposed as an indicator of tolerance mainly for waterbirds; however, little is known about its utility for other bird species. The factors that influenced alert distances of four bird species to pedestrian approaches in five large wooded fragments in the city of Madrid (Spain) were analysed. Location of human activity affected only Passer domesticus alert distances, which increased in the proximity of pathways. Habitat structure modified alert distances of all the species (Passer domesticus, Turdus merula, Columba palumbus, and Pica pica), increasing bird tolerance with greater availability of escape cover (shrub and coniferous cover, and shrub height). Alert distances varied among species, with large species being less tolerant of human disturbance than small ones. Alert distance appears to be a more conservative indicator of tolerance than flight distances, because it includes a buffer zone (the difference between alert and flight distance) in which birds may adapt their reaction to the behaviour of visitors. Alert distance may be used in the determination of minimum approaching areas, allowing people to enjoy their visit to parks, and birds to use patches for foraging and breeding without being displaced.
ROAD ACCESSIBILITY TO TOURIST DESTINATIONS OF THE POLISH-SLOVAK BORDERLAND: 2010-2030 PREDICTION AND PLANNING

An essential requirement for the development, not only of tourism but also of most sectors of economy, is the development of transport infrastructure and adequate accessibility of areas. Accessibility is an important element for tourism development. The Polish-Slovak borderland is currently suffering from inadequate routes to the region and cross-border connections because of the mountains. The borderland are characterised by the poor accessibility and bad condition of the roads. Unfortunately, tourism development analyses and studies carried out over recent decades in Poland and Slovakia have not addressed the problems. The aims of the article was to analyse the Polish-Slovak borderland road accessibility and the key transport solutions required for successful road development. The article presents the results of the analysis on road accessibility to the tourist destinations on the Polish-Slovak borderland. Opportunities for enhancing tourist potential through improved road accessibility of the borderland and new road investments are noted. The accessibility of the area was calculated separately for general tourism, and medium-term tourism (long weekends, 2-4 days) in two years: 2010 and 2030.
Flexible flight navigation for quadcopters based on geometric formation using motion sensing

We propose a flexible flight navigation method for quadcopters; it offers stable and safe control based on the geo­metric constraint formed between markers on the quadcopter and target markers. The 3D motions of the target markers simu­late another quadcopter. Our method uses a motion capture system to extract the 3D positions of the markers. According to the detected 3D positions, it calculates translation motion and rotation motion to navigate the quadcopter via feedback control so that these markers form a rectangle in 3D space. We demonstrate flight trials by a prototype based on an AR. Drone and a motion capture system. Our experiments confirm that our method offers good flight navigation for quadcopter.
Atypical Skin Rash in a Patient with Adult-Onset Still's Disease: A Case Report

Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is an uncommon idiopathic disorder with various clinical manifestations. The absence of specific serological and pathological findings often makes the disease difficult to diagnose. The presence of skin lesions is important to the correct diagnosis of the disease. Various atypical skin lesions have been reported in association with Adult-onset Still's disease. We present a 52-year-old male who had atypical cutaneous manifestations of Adult-onset Still's disease. The rash manifested as persistent, pruritic, dark reddish, confluent, erythematous maculopapules and plaques on his chest, abdomen, upper back and proximal extremities. He suffered high, spiking fevers and had marked elevations of ferritin, C-reactive protein, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which are characteristic of Adult-onset Still's disease. The fever and systemic symptoms improved after the administration of intravenous pulse methylprednisolone therapy. The skin lesions improved after prednisolone and methotrexate combination therapy. Therefore, to make the correct diagnosis, it is important to understand that patients with Adult-onset Still's disease may present with various types of skin lesions.
Electrical impedance spectroscopy for biotissue differentiation using bipolar electrodes positioned at the end of a hypodermic needle

An EoN (Electrical impedance spectroscopy-On-a-Needle) with bipolar interdigitated electrodes at the very end of a hypodermic needle has been introduced. The device can be utilized to analyze the electrical impedance of biotissues for the purpose of discriminating between tissues prior to biopsy. A flexible photomask and photoresist spray coating were employed in the lithography process to realize the electrode pattern on the round surface of the needle. To evaluate the discrimination capability of the EoN, the impedance of the leg fat and muscle from a slaughtered chicken was measured over the frequency range 10 kHz to 1 MHz. The resistance and reactance were classified into two groups, which was in good agreement with the reported permittivity of fat and muscle tissues from bovines.
Rational Inattention and Employer Learning

Research on employer learning has provided important insights into the dynamic process that determines individual wages, especially during the early part of a worker's career. However, the recent evidence on the absence of employer learning for college graduates by Arcidiacono et al. (2008) and results that economic conditions at labor market entry have persistent effects on wages (for example Oreopoulos et al. (2008)) cast doubt on the model’s validity. This paper extends the employer learning model with the theory of rational inattention introduced by Sims (2006). In the model firms optimally allocate attention (=information processing capacity) to learning about the productivity of different worker groups. I find that firms allocate more attention to learning about the productivities of workers who have a higher impact on profits. Furthermore, firms learn about workers’ productivities as quickly as possible. Taken together these results resolve the discrepancy between the data and the employer learning model.
State transfer network of time series based on visibility graph analysis for classifying and prediction of epilepsy seizures

Visibility graph analysis of time series became widely used as a time series analysis in the recent years. State transfer network is a network of mapping mono/multivariate time series into a network of local states based on visibility graph, it was used to study the evolutionary behavior of time series and in this study, we applied this principle to the detection of epileptic seizures. Two sets of EEG data were used; first set was obtained from subjects with the healthy brain and the second set obtained from an unhealthy part of the brain during existence of epileptic seizures. Results show a clear discrepancy between the two groups of data with a dominantly appearance of particular nodes in the networks of an epileptic group called hubs or motif, accordingly, the visibility graph network analysis based analysis can be considered as a prediction way of epilepsy seizures.
Radial variation in wood properties of Nedun (Pericopsis mooniana), an introduced species to South India

The physical, anatomical and mechanical properties of a timber species determine wood quality; hence, its evaluation is a prerequisite for the establishment of commercial plantations of a species having high potential for various end uses. Pericopsis mooniana (Thwaites) Thwaites wood has apparent similarity and even superior wood quality than teak, particularly as structural timber. Due to the dwindling timber resource base, large scale cultivation of this species should be enhanced through introduction to other suitable ecoclimatic conditions of the world. This study attempts to quantify the variation in wood physical, chemical and mechanical properties of P. mooniana introduced to Nilambur in Kerala, South India and the relationship among wood quality parameters. For this purpose, three trees were randomly selected from Aruvakkode, Nilambur located in Malappuram district of Kerala and standard tests of wood physical, mechanical and anatomical properties were conducted. Results indicated that the P. mooniana logs had bark thickness of 2.93 mm, heartwood content of 75.24% and a sawn wood recovery of 54.32%. Radial variation from pith to periphery was obvious among wood physical and anatomical properties. Physico-mechanical properties were correlated with anatomical properties. The specific gravity was linearly related to fibre wall thickness. No significant predictions could be made linking anatomical and mechanical property variables. Most of the wood quality parameters were higher compared to Tectona grandis (teak) and there is every possibility of using it as a substitute for teak.
Rural-urban differentials in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of child bearing age in Zambian

Introduction: Overweight and obesity have become leading causes of non-communicable diseases and millions of deaths worldwide every year are attributed to these conditions. Currently, diseases such as high blood pressure, strokes, type II diabetes, cancer among others, are attributable to overweight and obesity. This study sought to determine demographic and socioeconomic aspects associated with overweight and obesity among women residing in rural and urban areas of Zambia. It further examined the differences in factors that affect the prevalence of overweight and obesity among women residing in urban and those in rural areas of Zambia. Methods: The study analysed the BMI from a total of (6967) urban and (7855) rural women using data from the 2013-14 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS). Both univariate and bivariate analyses were performed to describe the study population. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effect of demographic and socioeconomic factors on overweight and obesity among women in rural and urban areas of Zambia. Results: overweight and obesity prevalence were (21.2 percent and 10.8 percent) among urban women versus (11.9 percent and 2.9 percent) among rural women. Age, region of residence, educational level and household wealth of women were significant predictors of both overweight and obesity among women regardless of place of residence. Women in urban areas who resided in male headed households, had (4-6 children) and drunk alcohol had higher odds of being overweight, whereas, women in male headed households only and reported having been drinking alcohol were associated with being obese. Literacy was found to be a major contributor of overweight among rural women. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity are markedly higher among urban women than rural women, and that differences on how these occur between these two groups of women have a socioeconomic and demographic dimension. In order to deal with increasing overweight and obesity challenges among women in Zambia, the paper recommends continued sensitizations about dangers of overweight and obesity with emphasis on behaviour changes in feeding or eating practices focussing more on traditional low fat and low calorie foods which in actual sense are cheaper and produce healthier results. Added to this recommendation is the need to change life styles to include routine exercising and increased medical check-ups.
Monitoring for Unconsciousness During General Anaesthesia

Awareness During General Anaesthesia There is no generally accepted definition of awareness under anaesthesia. The term could be considered an oxymoron, given that unconsciousness is an essential feature of the state of general anaesthesia. Awareness, therefore, represents a failure to ensure absence of sensibility during general anaesthesia. An episode of awareness may or may not be associated with recall of the intraoperative event. The consequences of awareness are variable. In the worst cases, patients suffer extreme fear, excruciating pain and overhear offensive or frightening remarks. Continuing with the worst-case scenario, they receive unsympathetic reactions from hospital staff, are not believed or have the experience trivialised, and may come to doubt their own sanity. They go on to suffer post-traumatic stress disorder with anxiety, depression and flashbacks. Not surprisingly, they may be extremely apprehensive about any future surgery. A disturbing series of case reports by Cobcroft and Forsdick make useful reading as an illustration of the devastating impacts of awareness. At the opposite extreme, patients who do not experience pain may be euphoric from the anaesthetic agents despite their inadequate doses and, although experiencing awareness, may rate their anaesthetic care as entirely satisfactory. Recent estimates of the prevalence of awareness with recall vary between 0.1% and 1% of general anaesthetics, depending on the patient group. Practising anaesthetists tend to find these figures surprising; probably because most cases do not come to attention unless patients are specifically questioned postoperatively. Myles et al reported a large study in an Australian hospital in the 1990s that confirmed an incidence of over 0.1%. In a prospective study designed to maximise the chance of detecting awareness with recall, Sandin et al reported an incidence of 0.18% in patients given neuromuscular blocking drugs and 0.1% in non-paralysed patients. The episodes of awareness in non-paralysed patients were reported as being brief and without sequelae. A follow-up study, two years after the episodes of awareness, confirmed that
Uptake and Predictors of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptivesamong Women in a Tertiary Health Facility in Northern Nigeria

While knowledge of contraception is generally high in Nigeria, contraceptive uptake is still low. About 85 percent of Nigerian women and 95 percent of men report knowing about at least one contraceptive method, yet only ten percent of currently married women report using a modern contraceptive method. The median birth interval in Nigeria is 31.7 months [1], so LARC (long acting reversible contraceptives) would be an ideal choice for Nigerians. Typically, LARC refers to intrauterine devices IUD (effective for 5-10 years) and implants (effective for up to 3 years). However, the most commonly used modern contraceptive methods in Nigeria are short acting reversible contraceptives (SARC); Injectables (3 percent), male condoms (2 percent), and the pill (2 percent) are 1. Knowledge of IUD is 31.8% and of implant is 24.7% [1]. Uptake of LARC is low; the use of IUD increased slightly from 0.8% in 1990 to 1.1 in 2013 [1].