Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reassessing the long-term performance of Indian IPOs

Abstract The study investigates the long-term performance of 250 Indian IPOs issued during the period from 2000 to 2006. The empirical analysis documents significant long-run overperformance of IPO stocks when the abnormal returns are measured using the buy- and-hold abnormal return (BHAR) methodology. However, the magnitude of this anomaly is markedly reduced when the calendar time portfolio approach is used to measure the abnormal performance. In fact, the t-statistics produced by standardized calendar time approach (SCTA) are not even statistically significant when the investment periods are three and five years. SCTA further reports that anomalies tend to disappear for value-weighted portfolios.
The Performance Management System of the Korean Healthcare Sector: Development, Challenges, and Future Tasks

ABSTRACT: During the past two decades, performance management programs in Korea’s healthcare sector have become increasingly diversified in terms of the measures used and the scope of the healthcare services measured. Despite the recent growth of performance management programs in Korea’s healthcare system, few studies have evaluated performance management programs as a whole in the context of national healthcare system objectives. Drawing on Talbot’s performance regime framework, this study describes the major challenges to Korea’s performance-based healthcare management systems. We suggest that the challenges can be addressed by creating a coherent conceptual framework and a macro-level coordination body. We further suggest that relevant performance interventions be chosen based on theoretical models of performance management. Our findings have implications for future studies on performance management of healthcare systems in other countries as well as in Korea.
Short bone-conserving stems in cementless hip arthroplasty.

➤ Short bone-conserving femoral stems in total hip arthroplasty were designed to preserve proximal bone stock. ➤ Given the distinct fixation principles and location of loading among these bone-conserving stems, a classification system is essential to compare clinical outcomes. ➤ Due to the low quality of currently available evidence, only a weak recommendation can be provided for clinical usage of certain stem designs, while some other designs cannot be recommended at this time. ➤ A high prevalence of stem malalignment, incorrect sizing, subsidence, and intraoperative fractures has been reported in a subset of these short stem designs. ➤ Stronger evidence, including prospective multicenter randomized trials comparing standard stems with these newer designs, is necessary before widespread use can be recommended.
Passy-Muir Tracheostomy Speaking Valve

Patients with muscular dystrophy occasionally require a tracheostomy tube because of ventilating problems. David Muir is a 23-year-old muscular dystrophy patient who is confined to a wheelchair because of his quadriplegia, secondary to his muscular dystrophy (Fig. 1). He needs a tracheostomy tube for adequate ventilation. In his frustration of being unable to vocalize because of his tracheostomy tube, he ingeniously developed a speaking valve that permits him to vocalize, without the necessity of finger occlusion of his tracheostomy tube opening. Patients who have tracheostomy tubes are unable to vocalize because air that is directed through the tracheostomy tube into the lungs assumes the path of least resistance. On expiration, the air is expelled through the tracheostomy tube, rather than being directed through the vocal cords. Those patients with tracheostomy tubes can finger occlude their tracheostomy opening and vocalize satisfactorily. Oneway valves have been used in medicine in many areas, especially in cases of pulmonary problems requiring respiratory equipment. Applying a one-way valve to a tracheostomy tube is an ingenious way of allowing air to enter into the pulmonary tree and then redirecting the exhaled air into the normal passages of the larynxoral and nasal chambers-allowing speech. It is of interest that the insertion of a tracheostomy tube, for whatever purpose, allows bypass of many normal bodily functions that are occasionally taken for granted. Using this speaking valve (Fig. 2) on 20 research patients with tracheostomy tubes has given me the ability to identify many of the bodilyfunctions that are lost by insertion of tracheostomy tubes in patients: 1. The development of back pressure in the pulmonary system for respiration, which is lost with tracheostomy tubes, increases ventilation and oxygen content within the bloodstream.
Low back pain (chronic).

Volume 84, Number 4 www.aafp. org/afp American Family Physician 437 More than 70 percent of persons in developed countries will experience low back pain at some time, which usually improves within two weeks; however, about 10 percent remain unable to work and about 20 percent have persistent symptoms at one year. Nonsteroidal anti-inf lammatory drugs may be more effective than placebo at improving pain intensity in persons with chronic low back pain. Opioid analgesics (with or without paracetamol) may improve pain and function compared with placebo. However, longterm use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or opioids may be associated with well-recognized adverse effects. • We do not know whether antidepressants decrease chronic low back pain or improve function compared with placebo in persons with or without depression. • Benzodiazepines may improve pain, but studies of nonbenzodiazepine muscle relaxants have given conflicting results. Caution: Since the last update of this review, a drug safety alert has been issued on increased suicidal behavior with antidepressants (http://www.fda.gov/medwatch). We do not know whether epidural corticosteroid injections or local injections with corticosteroids and local anesthetic improve chronic low back pain in persons without leg pain (sciatica). • Facet joint corticosteroid injections may be no more effective than placebo at reducing pain. Fusion surgery is more effective than standard rehabilitation for improving pain in persons with chronic nonradicular low back pain, but it is no better than intensive rehabilitation with a cognitive behavioral component. Exercise improves pain and function compared with other conservative treatments. Intensive multidisciplinary treatment programs improve pain and function compared with usual care, but less-intensive programs do not seem beneficial. Acupuncture, back schools, behavioral therapy, and spinal manipulation may reduce pain in the short term, but effects on function are unclear. Massage may improve pain and function compared with sham or other active treatment. We do not know whether electromyographic biofeedback, lumbar supports, traction, or transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation improve pain relief. We also do not know whether intra discal electrothermal therapy, radiofrequency denervation, or disk replacement improves pain relief or function.
Greening Human Resources

How have environmental initiatives and “going green” permeated the human resources realm? This article, through a nationwide survey, examines the extent to which cities have incorporated environmentally friendly human resource practices. Results reveal that income, education, environmental awareness and presence of preexisting successful environmental programs have an impact on technical and strategic human resource practices in U.S. cities. This article discusses the implications for public administration.
What to Do About a Latent Factor: Performance Evaluation of Linear Asset Pricing Models Dependent Upon the Market Return

A new model misspecification measure for linear asset pricing models is proposed. The origins of this measure are in Shanken (1987) and Kandel and Stambaugh (1985, 1995), where it is argued that the true market return is inherently latent and, as a consequence, only ever partially observed. Tests of asset pricing models that rely on the market return as a risk factor and are based, by necessity, on an observable proxy to this factor are then misspecified. The proposed misspecification measure, which assigns an upper bound to the correlation between the true market return and the observable proxy return used to conduct the test, can be estimated entirely and directly from observable data. This measure is suited both for testing models that include the market return as a pricing factor in a traditional sense (i.e., determining whether the given model does or does not price a collection of risky assets) and ranking those models (i.e., gauging which model performs the best). The measure is used to price portfolios reflecting the size, value, and momentum premiums. While neither the conditional CAPM nor the ICAPM is shown to offer any improvement over the simple CAPM, all three models are shown to perform materially better under the proposed measure, with improvements in model fit of as much as 45%. Also, it is discovered that winner stocks in a momentum portfolio may have higher market betas than loser stocks.
Managing Nationality Diversity: The Interactive Effect of Leaders’ Cultural Intelligence and Task Interdependence

In light of the workforce's increasing nationality diversity, our study explores the antecedents for the successful management of nationality diversity as visualized in a favourable diversity climate and enhanced team performance. We propose a double-contingency model in which we argue that the effects of nationality diversity will be dependent upon task interdependence and leaders’ cultural intelligence. We propose that nationality diversity will be more consequential in more interdependent teams, in which team interactions and processes are more salient. Moreover, team leaders with higher cultural intelligence will possess the skills to foster adequate team processes and thereby enhance diversity climate and performance of nationally diverse, more interdependent teams. We collected multi-source data from 63 work teams (N = 410) and their supervisors at a German facility management company. Moderated regression analyses supported the hypothesized three-way interaction between nationality diversity, task interdependence and leaders’ cultural intelligence. Additional simple slope analysis showed that nationality diversity is positively related to diversity climate and performance only when both team leaders’ cultural intelligence and task interdependence are high. Our study not only provides recommendations for successful nationality diversity management but also yields theoretical implications for diversity and cultural intelligence research.
Near infrared spectroscopy: clinical and research uses

Pulse oximetry is routinely used to measure hemoglobin saturation and is currently the gold standard to assess oxygenation in patients. Due to attenuation of infrared light by skin, bone, and other organs, pulse oximetry cannot assess end‐organ tissue oxygenation (StO2). Near infrared spectroscopy (NIS) penetrates a broad range of tissues and utilizes reflection rather than direct transmission between an emitter and receiver pair. NIS is able to measure StO2 and assess end‐organ perfusion in a variety of applications.
Compendium on the Diagnostic Toolkit for Competitiveness

This Compendium describes the contribution of CompNet to the improvement of the analytical framework and indicators of competitiveness. It does this by presenting a comprehensive database of novel competitiveness indicators. These are more than 80 novel indicators designed by CompNet members that capture macro, micro and cross-country dimensions, thus providing a comprehensive view of the competitive position of EU countries and their peers. A short description of each innovative indicator JEL Classification: F14, F41, F60, D24, E31
Upregulation of lysyl oxidase in vascular smooth muscle cells by cAMP: Role for adenosine receptor activation

Lysyl oxidase (LO) is a key participant in the accumulation of insoluble fibers of elastin and collagen by virtue of its role in the initiation of the covalent cross‐linkages between and within individual molecules comprising these fibers. In view of the essential role played by LO in the accumulation of the fibrotic components of occlusive arterial lesions in atherosclerosis, identification of the signaling molecules which can affect the expression of the LO gene in vascular smooth muscle is of considerable interest. In the present report, we describe evidence for the role of the second messenger, cAMP, in the modulation of the levels of LO in vascular smooth muscle cells. Elevated intracellular cAMP induces the transcription of the LO gene, as revealed by Northern blot analysis and nuclear run on assays. Transient transfection experiments performed with the wild‐type LO promoter and with this promoter mutated at a consensus CREB site, located within the region −100 to −93 base pairs relative to the start of transcription, indicate that cAMP‐induced transcriptional activation is partially due to the presence of this CREB site within the promoter. Activation of stimulatory adenosine receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells with 5′‐N‐ethylcarboxamido adenosine (NECA) increases cAMP, LO mRNA, and enzyme activity. These findings point to the importance of cAMP signaling, potentially initiated by a variety of physiological agents, in the upregulation of LO expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 75:177–185, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
2 Dual-Class Stock Splits and Liquidity

We examine liquidity effects of dual-class stock splits that change firms’ ownership structure from one share one vote to two classes with disparate voting rights. Following dual-class splits, effective spreads, price impacts, and order execution difficulty increase and the investor base decreases significantly for both superiorand inferior-voting shares. In contrast, following a matched sample of regular splits, the investor base increases and order execution improves significantly. Pursuant to the adoption of extreme form of corporate governance and weakened shareholder rights, and consistent with the implied effects of a deteriorating information environment, we find that dual-class splits adversely affect stock liquidity. Dual-Class Stock Splits and Liquidity
Determinants of Integrated Soil Fertility Management adoption under annual cropping system in Arsamma watershed, southwestern Ethiopian Highlands

Ethiopia faces a complex set of soil fertility problems requiring approaches going beyond the application of chemical fertilizers. The physical structure-oriented soil conservation strategy could not adequately address the problem of soil fertility deterioration. The attempts of promoting Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) strategies have been at its infant stage and limited in its proper implementation and wider dissemination. This study was conducted to identify determinants of ISFM adoption under annual cropping system in Arsamma watershed, southwestern Ethiopian Highlands. The data used for the study were collected from 136 sample respondents who were randomly selected by employing a two-stage random sampling technique. Binary logistic regression models were used to characterize factors driving adoption of ISFM. Findings show that farmland size, farmer training (FTR), participation in agricultural extension programs, years of chemical fertilizer application to farmland, and perception of farmers toward continuous use of mono-chemical fertilizers were found the statistically significant predictors of ISFM adoption. Improving the productivity of the limited farmland, designing pro-poor approaches, provision of action-based FTR, targeting on agricultural extension programs, and raising awareness of farmers about negative impacts of mono-chemical fertilizer technology are key areas of intervention to enhance adoption of ISFM in the study catchment.
Sticky Platelet Syndrome

Abstract Sticky platelet syndrome (SPS) is a thrombophilic thrombocytopathy with familial occurrence and autosomal dominant trait, characterized by an increased in vitro platelet aggregation in response to low concentrations of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and/or epinephrine (EPI). According to aggregation pattern, three types of the syndrome can be identified (hyperresponse after both reagents, Type I; EPI alone, Type II; ADP alone, Type III). Clinically, the syndrome is associated with both venous and arterial thrombosis. In pregnant women, complications such as fetal growth retardation and fetal loss have been reported. The first thrombotic event usually occurs before 40 years of age and without prominent acquired risk factors. Antiplatelet drugs generally represent adequate treatment. The use of other antithrombotics is usually ineffective and may result in the recurrence of thrombosis. In most patients, low doses of antiplatelet drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, 80–100 mg/d) lead to normalization of hyperaggregability. Combination of SPS with other thrombophilic disorders has been described. Despite several studies investigating platelet glycoproteins' role in platelets' activation and aggregation, the precise defect responsible for the syndrome remains unknown. The aim of this review is to summarize authors' own experience about SPS and the clinical data indexed in selected databases of medical literature (PubMed and Scopus).
KOMITMEN GURU DALAM PELAKSANAAN KURIKULUM DAN INOVASI BERKESAN

This article discusses the importance of teachers’ commitment in implementing curriculum innovation from time to time in schools. Several issues surrounding the impelementation of curriculum innovation among teachers namely motivation, attitudes, skills and teachers’ readiness are also discussed. Some suggestions for strengthening teachers’ commitment are also highlighted
Opportunistic Routing in Multihop Wireless Networks: Capacity, Energy Efficiency, and Security

Opportunistic routing (OR) takes advantages of the spatial diversity and broadcast nature of wireless networks to combat the time-varying links by involving multiple neighboring nodes (forwarding candidates) for each packet relay. This dissertation studies the properties, energy efficiency, capacity, throughput, protocol design and security issues about OR in multihop wireless networks. Firstly, we study geographic opportunistic routing (GOR), a variant of OR which makes use of nodes’ location information. We identify and prove three important properties of GOR. The first one is on prioritizing the forwarding candidates according to their geographic advancements to the destination. The second one is on choosing the forwarding candidates based on their advancements and link qualities in order to maximize the expected packet advancement (EPA) with different number of forwarding candidates. The third one is on the concavity of the maximum EPA in respect to the number of forwarding candidates. We further propose a local metric, EPA per unit energy consumption, to tradeoff the routing performance and energy efficiency for GOR. Leveraging the proved properties of GOR, we propose two efficient algorithms to select and prioritize forwarding candidates to maximize
Identification of differentially expressed genes, associated functional terms pathways, and candidate diagnostic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel diseases by bioinformatics analysis

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are chronic inflammatory disorders caused by genetic influences, the immune system and environmental factors. However, the underlying pathogenesis of IBDs and the pivotal molecular interactions remain to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to identify genetic signatures in patients with IBDs and elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms underlying IBD subtypes. The gene expression profiles of the GSE75214 datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in UC and CD patients compared with controls using the GEO2R tool. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses of DEGs were performed using DAVID. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the DEGs were constructed using Cytoscape software. Subsequently, significant modules were selected and the hub genes were identified. In the GO and KEGG pathway analysis, the top enriched pathways in UC and CD included Staphylococcus aureus infection, rheumatoid arthritis, complement and coagulation cascades, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and osteoclast differentiation. In addition, the GO terms in the category biological process significantly enriched by these genes were inflammatory response, immune response, leukocyte migration, cell adhesion, response to molecules of bacterial origin and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization. However, several other biological processes (GO terms) and pathways (e.g., ‘chemotaxis’, ‘collagen catabolic process’ and ‘ECM-receptor interaction’) exhibited significant differences between the two subtypes of IBD. The top 10 hub genes were identified from the PPI network using respective DEGs. Of note, the hub genes G protein subunit gamma 11 (GNG11), G protein subunit beta 4 (GNB4), Angiotensinogen (AGT), Phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 (PIK3R3) and C-C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) are disease-specific and may be used as biomarkers for differentiating UC from CD. Furthermore, module analysis further confirmed that common significant pathways involved in the pathogenesis of IBD subtypes were associated with chemokine-induced inflammation, innate immunity, adapted immunity and infectious microbes. In conclusion, the present study identified DEGs, key target genes, functional pathways and enrichment analysis of IBDs, enhancing the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBDs and also advancing the clarification of the underlying molecular mechanisms of UC and CD. Furthermore, these results may provide potential molecular targets and diagnostic biomarkers for UC and CD.
MIGRATION ISSUES AND REPRESENTATION IN EUROPEAN LIBERAL DEMOCRACIES

Does the diversity of party positions reflect the spread of mass opinions on migration issues? Our examination of mass and party positions as well as parties' compactness on migration issues in 14 EU member states counters previous work portraying public opinion as mostly favourable of restrictive immigration policies and political elites as being biased towards expansionist policy. We find that citizens are more moderate than parties on migration issues, while party positions strongly supporting immigration and multiculturalism are largely absent.
The effect of market orientation as a mediating variable in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and SMEs performance

Purpose - – This study aims to examine the effect of market orientation (MO) as a mediating variable in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and small and medium enterprises (SMEs)’ performance. Design/methodology/approach - – A total of 500 SMEs in the manufacturing industry of food and beverages were involved in this study with a response rate of 117. Data collection was conducted in all states of Peninsular Malaysia including the northern, central, southern and eastern regions. Findings - – The findings show that EO has a significant relationship with MO, and MO has a significant relationship with SME performance. MO will mediate the relationship between EO and SMEs’ performance. Practical implications - – The higher the EO implemented in a business, the more willing a company will be to implement MO. This analysis shows that highly entrepreneurial firms tend to be highly market orientated and this affects SMEs’ performance. Originality/value - – The results of this study show that the characteristic of entrepreneurial and MO practiced by SMEs in Malaysia has been significantly affected the SMEs’ performance. It indicates that EO offers a holistic and systematic model for supporting SMEs to build a well-maintained environment of MO and SMEs’ performance.