Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amniotic fluid derived stem cells as an organ specific regenerative medicine: Review

Stem cells are now becoming part of regenerative medicines due to pluripotency, but as some of the major risk factors and ethical considerations; use of amniotic fluid for extracting stem cells have now gained importance in recent years. Much of research obtained from amniotic fluid into various organs. Amniotic fluid derived stem cells (AFDSC) are heterogeneous population, devoid of carcinoma development and have no ethical debates. Moreover amniotic fluid (AF) guarantee source of stem cell with matching immune profile. AF stem cells may become invaluable source for direct treatment of genetic disorders. The isolation techniques used for AF stem cell extraction got importance for its ease and no need of feeder cells. The work showed use of AF derived stem cells for various organ regeneration lik scientist have proved its use in Alzheimer’s disease as well cells in hematopoietic system got attention. Recent studies now involve use of AF stem cells for neurotransmitter system also. It is now believed that AF stem cells are most efficient among others stem cells for t herapeutic purposes. Risk factors are devoid in case of AF stem cells, moreover, due to plasticity, lack of immunogenicity, lack of tumorogenicity showed AFDSC as safe for therapy and regenerative treatment.
User Toolkits for Innovation: Consumers Support Each Other

User toolkits for innovation were recently proposed as a means to eliminate (costly) exchange of need-related information between users and manufactures in the product development process. The method transfers certain development tasks to users and thereby empowers them to create their own desired product features. This article examines the implications of different levels of opportunities for consumer involvement (OCI) in product development to learn what happens when firms pass design tasks on to consumers. It explores this issue by studying the relation between the employment of user toolkits and the need for firms to support their consumers. An analysis of 78 computer games products and the amount of support given by firms to the consumers of these products suggests that a share of the costs firms save on information acquisition by letting consumers “do it themselves” may eventually reemerge as costs in consumer support. In other words, an increase in opportunities for consumer involvement seems to increase the need for supporting consumers. A promising solution to the problem of support costs is identified, namely, the establishment of consumer–consumer support interaction. A case study of an outlier in terms of firm support to consumers—Westwood Studios—shows that consumers who use toolkits may be willing to support each other. Such interactive problem solving in a firm-established user community is advantageous to the firm, because the process reduces the amount of resources that the firm itself needs to dedicate to the support of consumers using toolkits. Generally, consumer-to-consumer interaction can facilitate problem-solving in the consumer domain, can aid the diffusion of toolkit related knowledge, and potentially can enhance the outcomes produced by the toolkit approach.
Analyzing the relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) activities and employee's Intention to stay in the organization through organizational commitment

this study have been considered in order to analyzes the relationship between HRM activities and employee's intention to stay in the organization ,and relationship between organizational commitment and employee's intention to stay in the organization and relationship between HRM activities and organizational commitment through Employees of manufacturing companies in the industrial city of Rasht. For reaching to the purposes of this study, the independent variable which is the human resource management activities have been considered in four dimensions, training and development, career development, compensation service and benefits and analyzing the performance and success.Also, according to the related literature, the role of organizational commitment Variable on employee's intention to stay in the organization should also be examined that this variable is evaluated in three dimensions of continuance, affective and normative commitment. The standard questionnaire of Allen and Meyer have been used for measuring the Variable organizational commitment, and for measuring the human resource management activities a questionnaire designed by the researcher have been used. This study population consisted of all employees that are working in manufacturing and industrial companies in the city of Rasht and the number of them according to Rasht industrial city management is reported about 10000 people. The sample size in this study was 370 based on Cochran formula. In order to be able to analyze the data as needed sample size, 400 copies of questionnaires were distributed among the employees and the amount of the returned questionnaires were 378 which were the bases of analysis . The reliability of these questionnaires using Cranach's alpha coefficient was 0.89, that indicating good reliability of research tools. Variables Factor analysis indicated that the structures of study are in good concurrent validity.Research data has shown that there is a significant relationship between HRM activities and employees tend to stay in the organization. Also there is a significant relationship Between HRM practices and emotional commitment and continuance commitment of staff, whereas there was no significant relationship between these variables with normative commitment. Also analyzing the indirect relationship between variables by using Structural equation modeling indicates that organization commitment plays the role of mediator variable in relation between human resource management and employees intention to stay in organization.
Understanding the Customer Experiences from the Perspective of Guests and Hotel Managers: Empirical Findings from Luxury Hotels in Istanbul, Turkey

Customer experience has been acknowledged as an important factor affecting positive customer behaviors such as loyalty and recommendation. The hospitality industry is also considered to be among the experience-intensive services. This study aims to explore hospitality experiences from guests’ and managers’ perspectives through a qualitative study. A total of 33 luxury hotel guests and 14 hospitality managers in Istanbul, Turkey, were interviewed to determine factors affecting guest experiences. The content was then analyzed according to two major factors—physical environment and social interactions—under which eight major categories were grouped. The findings imply that ambiance, space/function/amenities, design, and signs/symbols/artifacts may be considered main themes under the physical environment factor, whereas under the social interactions factor, the guests’ experiences can be grouped under interactions with staff (professionalism, attentiveness/customization, attitude) and interactions with other guests. The results offer valuable insights to managers regarding dimensions of guest experiences and possible misperceptions. The study also suggests various implications and directions for future research.
Orthodontic intervention to resolve periodontal defects: An interdisciplinary approach

In the new era of esthetics, Orthodontic therapy has gained tremendous acceptance by adults. However,treating adults is more challenging as they present with multiple periodontal problems compromising orthodontic treatment. Hence, to provide optimal treatment to adult patients an active interaction between orthodontist and periodontist is imperative.This article addresses the dilemmas encountered during the treatment of orthodontic patients with periodontal defects.
Functional connectivity among ventrolateral medullary respiratory neurones and responses during fictive cough in the cat

1 This study tested predictions from a network model of ventrolateral medullary respiratory neurone interactions for the generation of the cough motor pattern observed in inspiratory and expiratory pump muscles. 2 Data were from 34 mid‐collicularly decerebrated, paralysed, artificially ventilated cats. Cough‐like patterns (fictive cough) in efferent phrenic and lumbar nerve activities were elicited by mechanical stimulation of the intrathoracic trachea. Neurones in the ventral respiratory group, including the Bötzinger and pre‐Bötzinger complexes, were monitored simultaneously with microelectrode arrays. Spike trains were analysed for evidence of functional connectivity and responses during fictive cough with cycle‐triggered histograms, autocorrelograms, cross‐correlograms, and spike‐triggered averages of phrenic and recurrent laryngeal nerve activities. 3 Significant cross‐correlogram features were detected in 151 of 1988 pairs of respiratory modulated neurones. There were 59 central peaks, 5 central troughs, 11 offset peaks and 2 offset troughs among inspiratory neurone pairs. Among expiratory neurones there were 23 central peaks, 8 offset peaks and 4 offset troughs. Correlations between inspiratory and expiratory neurones included 20 central peaks, 10 central troughs and 9 offset troughs. Spike‐triggered averages of phrenic motoneurone activity had 51 offset peaks and 5 offset troughs. 4 The concurrent responses and multiple short time scale correlations support parallel and serial network interactions proposed in our model for the generation of the cough motor pattern in the respiratory pump muscles. Inferred associations included the following. (a) Excitation of augmenting inspiratory (I‐Aug) neurones and phrenic motoneurones by I‐Aug neurones. (b) Inhibition of augmenting expiratory (E‐Aug) neurones by decrementing inspiratory (I‐Dec) neurones. (c) Inhibition of I‐Aug, I‐Dec and E‐Aug neurones by E‐Dec neurones. (d) Inhibition of I‐Aug and I‐Dec neurones and phrenic motoneurones by E‐Aug neurones. The data also confirm previous results and support hypotheses in current network models for the generation of the eupnoeic pattern.
Wool follicle matrix cells: culture conditions and keratin expression in vitro

Wool follicle matrix cell cultures were initiated as explants from Tukidale (carpet wool) sheep primary follicle bulbs after removal of the outer root sheath. Successful explantation required coculture on collagen with intact dermal papillae. Cells had a typical epidermal morphology (pavements of flattened, polyhedral cells). Extracellular matrix from dermal papillae, conditioned media, separation of dermal papilla from bulb matrices by tissue culture inserts and feeder layers were unable to support matrix cell explantation. Cultures could be maintained for up to 14 passages during which time the cells became larger with an increased cytoplasmic/nuclear ratio and irregular outline. Proliferation of matrix cells was greater on laminin than with either collagen type I or type IV. Proliferation was considerably reduced under serum‐free conditions. This was most apparent at low calcium (0.09 mmol/L). By Northern hybridization matrix cells were found to express keratin K18 at all stages of culture. Keratin K1.15 expression was evident by the tenth passage. The wool‐specific keratin K2.10 was not detected. The data demonstrate that successful wool matrix cell culture is achievable. Keratin gene expression occurs in these cells and varies with the stage of culture.
Harnessing negative T‐cell costimulatory pathways to promote engraftment

Our understanding of lymphocyte activation in the context of alloand auto-immunity has come a long way since the propounding of the ‘historical’ theories of self-nonself discrimination [1]. Indeed, on account of the increasingly sophisticated molecular and immunological tools, our knowledge of the complexities of cell–cell interaction continues to evolve. The concept of a single second signal to promote and sustain T-cell response in addition to the signal 1 delivered by the T-cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex as a direct consequence of antigen recognition no longer applies. Examination of the molecular interaction that occurs when a lymphocyte encounters an antigen-presenting cell (APC) has revealed that T cells require multiple signals to become fully activated. The additional signals that are necessary for activation are provided when accessory and co-stimulatory molecules engage their ligands. Moreover, we now know that the ‘second signal’ takes place through several different costimulatory pathways [2]. Perhaps even more fascinating is the discovery that co-stimulatory signals maybe positive or negative, and that it is the interplay between these pathways that determines the ultimate outcome of the immune response in-vivo [3,4]. The reason for the seemingly abundance of pathways providing signals for T-cell activation remains unclear. On the other hand, this could be due to each one playing a distinct role and exhibiting unique or possibly accumulative functions within the immune system. Another possible theory would be that several pathways perform the same function indicating redundancy within the immune system. A further elucidation could be one of hierarchy among the pathways with defining roles for each pathway at distinct stages of the immune response. The programmed death-1 (PD-1) molecule (the subject of the Chen et al. paper [5]) and its ligands PD-L1 (B7H1) and PD-L2 (B7-DC) are members of the CD28:B7 family which have been shown to negatively regulate the immune response [6]. The PD-1:PD-L1/PD-L2 pathway has been shown to play a critical role in modulating T-cell activation and tolerance. Negative signaling may result in limitation, attenuation or even complete termination of T-cell responses, their ultimate outcome appears to be as a result of a variety of factors such as the immune setting T-cell tolerance or autoimmunity. In the experimental setting adopted models, strain combinations and addition of other immunomodulatory agents need to be taken into account. The PD-1:PD-L1/PD-L2 pathway has generated considerable interest in recent years although it has not been shown to be as potent as cytotoxic T lymphocyte associCorrespondence Prof. Mohamed Sayegh, The Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Tel. : 617 732 5259; fax: 617 732 5254; e-mail: msayegh@rics.bwh. harvard.edu
Obstacles to foreign direct investment in the Libyan hotel sector : a case study of the Corinthia company

Tourism in Libya is considered to be the best long-term alternative as a source of national income to the oil industry upon which the country's economy has long been heavily dependent. Hotels are a key element of the tourism industry. This study focuses on obstacles to foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Libyan hotel sector, because FDI is a necessary element to support the development of Libya as an internationally competitive tourism destination. Specifically, the objectives of this study are developed on page five. This study was carried out in four main stages. The first stage involved an extensive literature review to generate a background and develop a theoretical framework for the research. This study adopted a case study approach (Yin, 2003), incorporating semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire, with a sample population consisting initially of foreign hotel managers, and government officials as a second stage. The third stage involved conducting a further questionnaire and a series of semi-structured interviews with hotel managers, Corinthia hotel staff and government officials to identify key FDI issues within the Libyan hotel sector. The fourth stage provides recommendations intended to help solve the existing foreign investor problems facing the hotel sector and Libya's tourism implementation strategy. The study concludes that there are some major FDI issues facing the Libyan hotel sector, including: economic, administrative, and legal and institutional barriers in areas such as recruitment and selection; skills gaps; inadequate practical training; minimum opportunities given to foreign companies; restriction on the role of the public and private sector in the development of the Libyan Tourism Master Plan (LTMP); shortage of qualified academic staff; outdated curricula; inadequacy of the LTMP; lack of funding of Libyan tourism education; and the lack of co-operation between the hotel sector, tourism education and the government's LTMP. The main contributions of this study include: an understanding of the obstacles that confront FDI in the Libyan hotel sector; the application of factor analyses to build consensus on the essential elements of FDI obstacles within the Libyan hotel sector and the development of a best practice LTMP model. Note: It is important to note that the field work for this thesis, as well as the data analysis and conclusion, was carried out prior to the popular uprising in Libya which began on February 17th 2011.
Analisis Pemasaran Hasil Tangkapan Kakap Merah (Lutjanus SP.) Di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Brondong, Lamongan, Jawa Timur

Kakap merah ( Lutjanus sp. ) merupakan komoditas ekspor dengan harga rata-rata tertinggi pada tahun 2014 di PPN Brondong yaitu Rp. 55.558. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis tipe distribusi, marjin dan efisiensi pemasaran setiap lembaga pemasaran di TPI lama PPN Brondong. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Metode snowball sampling digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Analisis data yang dilakukan meliputi aspek teknis, ekonomi dan pemasaran. Alat penangkapan Kakap merah adalah Cantrang, Pancing rawai dan Pancing ulur. Daerah penangkapan Kakap merah berada disekitar perairan Jawa Timur, Pulau Bawean dan Kepulauan Masalembu. Tipe distribusi pemasaran dalam penelitian adalah distribusi semi langsung dan tidak langsung. Tipe pasar dalam penelitian ini adalah pasar oligopsoni. Marjin pemasaran Kakap merah pada tipe distribusi 1: pedagang pengecer Rp. 9.275, tipe distribusi 2: pedagang pengumpul Rp. 2.594, pada pabrik pengolah ikan Rp. 43.000 dan pada eksportir Rp. 38.000. Efisiensi pemasaran tipe distribusi 1, pedagang pengecer : nilai efisiensi pemasaran 0,04, fisherman’s share : 71,83 % sedangkan tipe distribusi 2, pedagang pengumpul : efisiensi pemasaran 0,03, fisherman’s share : 95,65 %, pabrik pengolah ikan: fisherman’s share : 57 % dan eksportir: efisiensi pemasaran 0,35, fisherman’s share : 62,50 %. Red snapper (Lutjanus sp.) is one of export commodities wich have highest average price in 2013 in Brondong Archipelagic Fishing Port Rp. 55.558. The objective of this research were to know and analyze marketing distribution, margins and efficiency in each marketing agencies in the old Fish Auction Place of Brondong Archepelagic Fishing Port. This research use descriptive method. S nowball sampling method was used on this research . The data analysis were technical, economic and marketing aspects. Red snappers are cathed by Boat seines, Long line and Hand line. Red snapper fishing ground areas were arround the East Java sea, Bawean and Masalembu Islands. Marketing distribution type in this research were semi-direct and indirect distribution . Market type of this research was oligopsoni market. Marketing margin on distribution type 1: retailers Rp. 9275, on distribution type 2: whole seller Rp. 2.594, 29, at the fish processing plant Rp. 43.000, at the exporter Rp. 36.000. Marketing efficiency on distribution type 1, retailers: marketing efficiency 0,04, fisherman's share: 71.83% while on distribution type 2, whole seller: marketing efficiency 0,03, fisherman's share: 95.65%, at the fish processing plant fisherman's share: 57%, exporter: marketing efficiency 0,35, fisherman's share: 62.50%.
Likelihood of Continued Childbearing After Cesarean Delivery in the United States

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the likelihood of continued childbearing as a function of mode of delivery and number of cesarean deliveries and to explore whether it varies by sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth were used to conduct an analysis of U.S. childbearing women. The birth trajectory for respondents who identified a live, singleton, first birth was assessed through four births. Population-weighted analyses were performed to test the association between route of delivery and sociodemographic characteristics with the likelihood of subsequent birth. RESULTS: Among 6,526 respondents, cesarean delivery, regardless of birth order, was associated with a lower likelihood of future birth, which decreased in a dose–response fashion as the number of cesarean deliveries increased. Among women with three births, those with two or three cesarean deliveries were 37% and 59% less likely (P<.05), respectively, to have a fourth birth when compared with women with three vaginal deliveries, adjusting for confounders. When interaction terms were added to the model, lower income women were significantly more likely to have a fourth birth after undergoing two or three cesarean deliveries than women with higher incomes (adjusted incidence rate ratio 2.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–5.05 and adjusted incidence rate ratio 2.39, 95% CI 1.01–5.65, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: U.S. women who have cesarean deliveries are less likely to continue childbearing, especially because they undergo higher numbers of cesarean deliveries; however, this relationship is attenuated among low-income women. Given the risks associated with multiple cesarean deliveries, these findings underscore the need to further examine this relationship and what factors may be driving the income-based difference in childbearing after cesarean deliveries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
Obsessive Passion: A Compensatory Response to Unsatisfied Needs.

The present research investigated the role of two sources of psychological need satisfaction (inside and outside a passionate activity) as determinants of harmonious (HP) and obsessive (OP) passion. Four studies were carried out with different samples of young and middle-aged adults (e.g., athletes, musicians; total N = 648). Different research designs (cross-sectional, mixed, longitudinal) were also used. Results showed that only a rigid engagement in a passionate activity (OP) was predicted by low levels of need satisfaction outside the passionate activity (in an important life context or in life in general), whereas both OP and a more favorable and balanced type of passion, HP were positively predicted by need satisfaction inside the passionate activity. Further, OP led to negative outcomes, and HP predicted positive outcomes. These results suggest that OP may represent a form of compensatory striving for psychological need satisfaction. It appears important to consider two distinct sources of need satisfaction, inside and outside the passionate activity, when investigating determinants of optimal and less optimal forms of activity engagement.
Time-Varying Extreme Value Dependence with Application to Leading European Stock Markets

Extremal dependence between international stock markets is of particular interest in today's global financial landscape. However, previous studies have shown this dependence is not necessarily stationary over time. We concern ourselves with modeling extreme value dependence when that dependence is changing over time, or other suitable covariate. Working within a framework of asymptotic dependence, we introduce a regression model for the angular density of a bivariate extreme value distribution that allows us to assess how extremal dependence evolves over a covariate. We apply the proposed model to assess the dynamics governing extremal dependence of some leading European stock markets over the last three decades, and find evidence of an increase in extremal dependence over recent years.