Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lutte contre Gloeosporium (album et perennans) des pommes biologiques Post-Recolte avec des produits oxidants et des eaux électrolytiques,et Pre-Recolte avec differents produits biologiques entre 2001-2004

Dans la production biologiques des pommes les pertes post-recolte causees par Gloeospo-rium album et perennans peuvent atteindre, avec des varietes sensibles comme Pinova, Topaz ou GoldRush jusqu'a 80 %. Il est connue que la thermotherapie (plonger les pommes pendant 2-3 min. dans l’eau chaude de 50-52 deg.) peut supprimer bien le developpement du pathogene relativement bien. Les desavantages de la thermotherapie sont sa consommation d’energie significative, ses hautes couts d’investissement et finalement que les degât latentes de G. album prove-nant du champ deviennent visible peu de jours apres le traitement ce qui pouvait devaloriser jusqu’a 30 % de la recolte. Le but de nos etudes c’est de trouver des methodes de lutte contre Gloeosporium album et perennans comme alternative a la thermotherapie. Dans nos essays sur plusieurs annees avec les varietes Pinova et Topas ni les produits oxi-dants (Jet5, H2O2, Nitrit, the vert, the de prele ) ni l’ozone mis a l’eau (froid, 17 deg.) ont ap-porte des resultats regulierement satisfaisants (pas de difference compare avec les pommes non traitees). Les pertes ont atteint 60-80% apres conservation et justqu’a 90 % apres 10 jours de shelf-life de plus. A partir de 2004 nous avons aussi teste des eaux electrolytiques (Anostel® et Cathostel®), une technique de desinfection qui vient surtout du secteur medicinal. Elle est propre, sans formation des residus dans les produit ou dans l’environnement. En plongeant les pommes seriellement dans ces solutions pendant 5 min. chaque, l’efficacite n’etait pas aussi bonne qu’avec thermotherapie (75 % vendable apres conservations) mais beaucoup meilleur (62 % vendable) qu’avec tout les autres oxidants (48 % vendable). C’est pourquoi nous essayons d’optimiser la methode des eaux electrolytiques avec des essaies en cours de cette annee. Car l’attaque des Gloeosporium sur champ peut avoir un effet tellement nocif malgre des traitements post recolte, nous avons aussi teste des strategie de controle pre-recolte a partir du mois de Juillet avec des produits antagoniste (la levure Aureobasidium pullulans), KBV-Lactoperoxidase, Calcium-polysulphurique, cuivre, Calcium-Chloride (pour fortifier la cuti-cule) et Mycosin (argile acidifie). De tout les produits testes pre-recolte seulement le Mycosin donnait des resultat satisfaisant, comparable a la thermotherapie. Aussi nous avons pu prouve qu’avec Pinova le savon de coco pour lutter contre la maladie de suie (Cocana) a un effet significativement aggravant l’incidence de Gloeosporium. Le but de nos etudes actuels c’est de developper des strategies combine pre- et post recolte (sans thermotherapie) qui n’interferent pas avec la lutte contre les autre maladies (suie, ta-velure, oidium) et qui se complementent d’une facon ideale et ecologique.
Simulations of convectively‐driven density currents in the Atlas region using a regional model: Impacts on dust emission and sensitivity to horizontal resolution and convection schemes

[1] During the SAMUM field campaign in southern Morocco in May and June 2006 density currents generated by evaporative cooling after convective precipitation were frequently observed at the Sahara side of the Atlas Mountain chain. The associated strong surface cold-air outflow during such events has been observed to lead to dust mobilization in the foothills. Here a regional model system is used to simulate a density current case on 3 June 2006 and the subsequent dust emission. The model studies are performed with different parameterization schemes for convection, and with different horizontal model grid resolutions to examine to which extent the model system can be used for reproducing dust emissions in this region. The effect of increasing the horizontal model grid resolution from 14 km to 2.8 km on the strength on the density currents and thus on dust emission is smaller than the differences due to different convection parameterization schemes in this case study. While the results in reproducing the observed density current at the Atlas Mountain varied with different convection parameterizations, the most realistic representation of the density current is obtained at 2.8 km grid resolution at which no parameterization of deep convection is needed.
Predictors and Reproductive Health Implications of Knowledge of HIV/AIDS among Female Out-of-School Adolescents in Iwaya Community, Lagos State

Predictors and Reproductive Health Implications of Knowledge of HIV/AIDS among Female Out-of-School Adolescents in Iwaya Community, Lagos State Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a major threat to the reproductive wellbeing of millions of young people in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, some of the intervention programmes aimed at increasing knowledge about HIV fail to reach out-of-school adolescents. This study sought answers to questions on the level of knowledge about modes of HIV transmission and misconceptions about HIV; predictors of knowledge of HIV; and the relationship between knowledge of HIV and sexual behaviour among out-of-school adolescents (ages 10 to 19), in a slum in the city of Lagos.
The political economy of certificates for land use in Germany – experimental evidence

ABSTRACT Certificate trading schemes have been discussed as a cost-efficient means of reducing urban land consumption in Germany by capping and reallocating permissions to conduct building projects. However, in contrast to the established cap & trade systems for emissions, reputation-seeking politicians would be in charge of buying and trading certificates – an aspect not considered to date. We thus present a laboratory experiment that captures politicians’ incentives connected to electoral cycles in a cap & trade scheme for land consumption, whereby tradable certificates are auctioned and grandfathered in equal shares. We find the cap & trade system to be efficient at large; yet, there are several politically relevant distortions that are aggravated by self-serving incentives. We thus identify potential problems to a cap & trade system for urban land consumption that could substantially reduce both its assumed superior efficiency and its political feasibility.
Smart Sensing and Dynamic Fitting for Enhanced Comfort and Performance of Prosthetics

Abstract : The objective of the project is to enhance the long-term fit and performance of prosthetic sockets through smart sensing, adaptive interface, and shear-based dynamic fitting strategy. In the first year, we focused on developing the antenna pressure/shear sensors and the bubble actuators for pressure regulation. An antenna sensor that is capable of measuring shear and pressure displacements simultaneously was designed, fabricated, and validated. Three different test fixtures and associated control software were developed for sensor calibration. Fabrication techniques were developed for implementing flexible sensors on commercial prosthetic liner or custom made liner materials. We have characterized the load bearing capability of bubble actuator arrays at different actuation pressures. A limb-socket laboratory test setup was developed for capturing the internal pressure change of bubble actuators when the limb was subjected to the external force.
Phonological Segments and Features as Planning Units in Speech Production

The author reports four experiments that examined phonological processes in spoken word production. A form-preparation paradigm was applied to the question of whether phonological features can be preplanned to facilitate spoken word production. In Experiment 1, monosyllabic words were produced in sets different in form, or in sets sharing either the initial segment or initial segments differing only in voicing. Only shared initial segments yielded facilitation. A similar pattern of results was observed when the sets were matched for the following vowel (Experiment 2), when words were produced in response to pictured objects (Experiment 3), and when place of articulation rather than voicing was manipulated (Experiment 4). The special status of identity suggests that segments are planning units independent of their features. The results are explained in terms of the WEAVER model of word-form encoding, in which a serial encoding of segments is followed by a parallel activation of features. A WEAVER simulation of the experiments is presented which supports these claims.
Are grain markets in Niger driven by speculation

Over the last two decades, millet prices in Niger have enjoyed periods of spectacular increase during which they seem to go well above their fundamental value. These episodes of price bursts followed by rapid reversals could be attributed to the presence of rational speculative bubbles. Considering millet as a food asset we have developed a pricing model, and tested for the presence of periodically and partially collapsing bubbles for 15 millet markets in Niger. The test strategy consists of estimating the fundamental value of millet and investigating the dynamic properties of price deviations from fundamentals. A battery of unit root tests aimed at controlling for skewness and kurtosis, and for non linearity in the bubble process, is implemented. These tests do not reject the presence of rational bubbles for some of the sample markets, and allow the identification of expanding and collapsing phases in bubble processes. The results show that small markets, located in deficit and remote areas are more prone to speculation than large markets in the main producing and consuming regions.
The moderating effect of cultural values on the relationship between corporate social performance and corporate financial performance

47 p. ; Includes bibliographical references (pp. 24-28) ; "August 30, 2015. " ; Acknowledgments: We are thankful for constructive comments and suggestions from one anonymous reviewer, participants at the 2015 JCF conference on Culture & Finance held at Wake Forest University, North Carolina, participants at the 2015 EAA conference held at University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, and participants at the 2015 AAA annual conference held at Chicago, Illinois. Veenstra gratefully acknowledges the financial support of McMaster University. All errors are our own.
TEAMWORK IN A CROSS-CULTURAL CONTEXT. AUSTRIA, POLAND AND TURKEY COMPARISON

This article gives insight into cultural differences and the way they affect business life. The focus of the paper is to present results of a study conducted among students from Austria, Poland and Turkey. Its aim is to provide comparison of cultural dimensions crucial at workplace and to identify trends in attitudes towards teamwork in populations of countries presented as well as to reveal similarities and differences in their team-related behaviour.
Accuracy, Chance, and the Principal Principle

How should my degrees of credence in propositions about objective chances interact with my degrees of credence in other propositions? David Lewis (1980) formulated a precise answer. He called it the “Principal Principle. ” And he took it to specify the role that a feature of the world must play if it is to count as chance. However, he also argued that the chances delivered by his best-system analysis of laws and chances could not possibly play the roles required of them by the Principal Principle: the Principal Principle is inconsistent with the best-system analysis. Later, Lewis (1994) came to accept a slightly different precise answer to the question. This is Michael Thau’s and Ned Hall’s amendment to the Principal Principle, which is known as the New Principle (Hall 1994; Thau 1994; Joyce 2007). The best-system analysis is consistent with the New Principle. Later still, Jenann Ismael (2008) proposed an alternative amendment to the Principal Principle, which she called the “Generalized Principal Principle. ” Ismael’s principle is also consistent with the bestsystem analysis. The large literature that has grown up around these proposals includes a number of different and illuminating arguments in their favor, as well as subtle improvements in their formulation. However, no attempt has been made to give them a formal justification. That is, there has been no attempt to deduce any chance-credence norm from more
A Study on Morphology and Morphometry of Haemonchus contortus

Haemonchus contortus has posed a great problem to researchers and has created confusion among them regarding its identification. In this study an attempt has been made to study the morphology and morphometry of Haemonchus contortus recovered from the ruminants and to relate it with some parameters like study area, host, intensity, methodology, age and sex of the host. It was observed that all these factors have some minor intraspecific effects on the morphology and morphometry of the parasites. These variations were of minor importance because they were found within the range of similarity and were not good enough to label it as a new species as was expected. Also some of the parameters with regard to morphology and morphometry of this parasite were described for the first time which were not described by the previous authors and these could be of great taxonomic importance for the identification of this parasite which is being confused many times and is being labeled a new species.
Consumer Acceptability of Melanosis Levels in Western Rock Lobster by Visual Evaluation

A number of food products undergo browning due to enzymatic reactions that occur during processing and storage. The browning reaction has an important influence on food quality and is therefore of great importance to the food industry. The objectives of the research were to identify a visual evaluation method for determining consumer acceptability and to use the method to conduct a consumer study on acceptability of melanosis levels in western rock lobster. Twenty photographs of lobsters containing melanosis at various stages were selected according to the colour intensity and the area of blackening. Four extra photographs having no indication of melanosis was used as a blind control. Sixty-nine volunteers assessed the degree of acceptability of melanosis level with respect to area, colour intensity and overall acceptability on a graphic line scale. A spectrophotometer was also used to measure the colour intensity of all the photographs used in the study. The correlation between the visual colour evaluation and instrumental methods was demonstrated. There were significantly difference among samples when evaluation of area, colour intensity and overall acceptability. Consumer acceptability of melanosis levels in western rock lobster is based on area and colour intensity. Melanosis levels were found to be accepted only when occurring in a small area with low intensity. The results obtained from the consumer study showed a high correlation with spectrophotometer colour measurement (r=0.71) which indicated that the instrumental data were related to the sensory
Practice of Epidemiology Clinical Progression of High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Estimating the Time to Preclinical Cervical Cancer FromDoubly Censored National Registry Data

Little is known about the time span of progression from high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3) to invasive cervical cancer. Estimation of this duration from longitudinal studies is not permitted, as CIN2/3 should be treated when detected. Cross-sectional data on the age-specific incidence of detected CIN2/3 and cervical cancer cases are readily available in national registries, but these data are difficult to interpret because neither the moment of lesion development nor the onset of invasive cancer is observed. We developed a statistical model for estimating the duration of time between CIN2/3 and preclinical cancer using Dutch national registries for the years 2000–2005. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype data were used to separate CIN2/3 and cancer incidences to obtain estimates for HPV-16-positive and HPV-16-negative lesions. The median time from CIN2/3 to cancer was estimated to be 23.5 years (95% confidence interval: 20.8, 26.6), and 1.6% of the lesions progressed to cancer within 10 years. The median duration for HPV-16-positive lesions was similar, but 2.4% of the HPV-16-positive lesions progressed to cancer within 10 years, as compared with 0.6% for HPV-16-negative lesions. Estimated durations of time to cancer are essential for reassessment of the optimal screening interval in light of vaccination and novel screening tests.
Effects of temperature on energetics and the growth pattern of benthic octopuses

In octopus, growth trajectories have implications for survivorship, adult size and fecun- dity. Many species exhibit a 2-phase growth pattern starting with rapid exponential growth before shifting to a slower (commonly power) growth rate. Based on the concept that energy conservation enforces this threshold, we developed a temperature-dependent model which incorporates the energy balance between food intake and expenditure in growth and metabolism. We employed the model to investigate growth patterns occurring at different temperatures for 2 octopus species, Octo- pus ocellatus and O. pallidus. Model projections were consistent with laboratory data and suggest that increases in temperature as small as 1°C could have a significant influence on cephalopod growth, affecting the threshold body mass by up to 15.5% and the body mass at 100 d by up to 62.6%. Sensitivity analyses suggest that threshold size is more sensitive than threshold age to any given change in parameter values, and that metabolic rate has the greatest influence on the growth thresh- old. This model provides a basis for predicting individual growth trajectories and consequential pop- ulation structure of natural octopus populations. This type of analysis also has the potential to predict optimum conditions for a species and could be a powerful tool for predicting how climate change might affect species distribution as well as population structure and abundance.
Ice‐melt rates during volcanic eruptions within water‐drained, low‐pressure subglacial cavities

Subglacial volcanism generates proximal and distal hazards including large‐scale flooding and increased levels of explosivity. Direct observation of subglacial volcanic processes is infeasible; therefore, we model heat transfer mechanisms during subglacial eruptions under conditions where cavities have become depressurized by connection to the atmosphere. We consider basaltic eruptions in a water‐drained, low‐pressure subglacial cavity, including the case when an eruption jet develops. Such drained cavities may develop on sloping terrain, where ice may be relatively shallow and where gravity drainage of meltwater will be promoted. We quantify, for the first time, the heat fluxes to the ice cavity surface that result from steam condensation during free convection at atmospheric pressure and from direct and indirect radiative heat transfer from an eruption jet. Our calculations indicate that the direct radiative heat flux from a lava fountain (a “dry” end‐member eruption jet) to ice is c. 25 kW m−2 and is a minor component. The dominant heat transfer mechanism involves free convection of steam within the cavity; we estimate the resulting condensation heat flux to be c. 250 kW m−2. Absorption of radiation from a lava fountain by steam enhances convection, but the increase in condensing heat flux is modest at c. 25 kW m−2. Overall, heat fluxes to the ice cavity surface are likely to be no greater than c. 300 kW m−2. These are comparable with heat fluxes obtained by single phase convection of water in a subglacial cavity but much less than those obtained by two‐phase convection.
Sampling in ecology and evolution – bridging the gap between theory and practice

C. H. Albert (cecile.albert@m4x.org) and W. Thuiller, Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, UMR-CNRS 5553, Univ. Joseph Fourier, Bp 53,FR-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. N. G. Yoccoz, Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics,Univ. of Tromso, NO-9037 Tromso, Norway. T. C. Edwards, Jr, U.S. Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unitand Wildland Resources, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-5290, USA. C. H. Graham, Dept of Ecology and Evolution, Stony BrookUniv. , Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. N. E. Zimmermann, Land Use Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Inst. WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf,Switzerland.Sampling is a key issue for answering most ecological and evolutionary questions. The importance of developing arigorous sampling design tailored to specific questions has already been discussed in the ecological and sampling literatureand has provided useful tools and recommendations to sample and analyse ecological data. However, sampling issues areoften difficult to overcome in ecological studies due to apparent inconsistencies between theory and practice, oftenleading to the implementation of simplified sampling designs that suffer from unknown biases. Moreover, we believe thatclassical sampling principles which are based on estimation of means and variances are insufficient to fully address manyecological questions that rely on estimating relationships between a response and a set of predictor variables over time andspace. Our objective is thus to highlight the importance of selecting an appropriate sampling space and an appropriatesampling design. We also emphasize the importance of using prior knowledge of the study system to estimate models orcomplex parameters and thus better understand ecological patterns and processes generating these patterns. Using a semi-virtual simulation study as an illustration we reveal how the selection of the space (e.g. geographic, climatic), in whichthe sampling is designed, influences the patterns that can be ultimately detected. We also demonstrate the inefficiency ofcommon sampling designs to reveal response curves between ecological variables and climatic gradients. Further, we showthat response-surface methodology, which has rarely been used in ecology, is much more efficient than more traditionalmethods. Finally, we discuss the use of prior knowledge, simulation studies and model-based designs in definingappropriate sampling designs. We conclude by a call for development of methods to unbiasedly estimate nonlinearecologically relevant parameters, in order to make inferences while fulfilling requirements of both sampling theory andfield work logistics.