Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling future changes to the stratospheric source gas injection of biogenic bromocarbons

Simulations with a chemistry‐climate model (CCM) show a future increase in the stratospheric source gas injection (SGI) of biogenic very short‐lived substances (VSLS). For 2000, the modelled SGI of bromine from VSLS is ∼1.7 parts per trillion (pptv) and largest over the tropical West Pacific. For 2100, this increases to ∼2.0 and ∼2.7 pptv when the model is forced with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. The increase is largely due to stronger tropical deep convection transporting more CHBr3 to the lower stratosphere. For CH2Br2, CHBr2Cl, CH2BrCl and CHBrCl2, changes to primary oxidant OH determines their SGI contribution. Under RCP 4.5 (moderate warming), OH increases in a warmer, more humid troposphere. Under RCP 8.5 (extreme warming) OH decreases significantly due to a large methane increase, allowing greater SGI of bromine from these VSLS. Potentially enhanced VSLS emissions in the future would further increase these estimates.
Financial Crises: Lessons from History for Today

type="main" xml:id="ecop12035-abs-0001"> Making use of the propensity score matching method, we match earlier crises (pre-2007) with currently ongoing crises (post-2007). The old and new crises are matched in three dimensions: the global setting in which they occurred, the structure of the economy and the domestic vulnerabilities in the pre-crisis period. Our findings suggest that the euro periphery crises share sufficient commonalities with earlier crises in their pre-crisis domestic vulnerabilities. The study points to two important conclusions. First, the euro periphery crises are composed of unique country experiences; hence, it will not be easily resolved with a ‘one-size-fits-all’ set of economic policies. Secondly, while each banking crisis has its inherent uniqueness, each crisis also shares sufficient commonalities with one or more of the Asian-5 1996/97 crises, the Nordic banking crisis of the early 1990s or the Japanese banking crisis of the 1990s. Thus, the extensive knowledge accumulated through these former banking crises can help in designing recovery policies. — Selin Sayek and Fatma Taskin
The Chip-Scale Atomic Clock - Coherent Population Trapping vs. Conventional Interrogation

Abstract : Symmetricom-TRC has undertaken a development effort to produce a prototype chip-scale atomic clock "CSAC". The overall architecture of the CSAC and, in particular, the physics package, must be defined early in the project, prior to the onset of a large-scale engineering effort. Within the constraints imposed by the performance goals of the project, we have recognized two possible schemes for interrogating the ground-state hyperfine frequency of the gaseous atomic ensemble: the conventional double-resonance technique and the coherent population trapping technique. In this paper, we describe a laboratory apparatus, which allows for in situ comparison of the two techniques, without the ambiguities associated with comparing data from disparate experiments. Data are presented comparing the short-term stability resultant of the two techniques, as well as environmental sensitivity to resonance cell temperature, laser intensity, and RF power.
In vivo measurement of the series elasticity release curve of human triceps surae muscle

The force-extension characteristic of the series-elastic component of the human triceps surae muscle has been measured in vivo by means of a hydraulic controlled-release ergometer in 12 subjects. The SEC characteristic can be described by a linear relation between muscle moment and extension, with a stiffness K 1 , preceded by a quadratic ‘toe’ region at low moments. Stiffness K 1 increases with the level of activation of the muscle. At an ankle moment of 100 N m, values range between 250 and 400 N m rad~1. The elastic stretch corresponds then to about 30°, which is considerable compared with the total ankle movement range. At moments of 150 and 180 N m, which correspond to the peak moments in walking and running, respectively, the elastic energy stored in the SEC was 23—37 and 31—57 J. These energy values are amply sufficient to enable the conservation of negative (eccentric) work into a subsequent phase of positive (concentric) work in both walking and running. ( 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mind the gap: Consequences of inter-role conflicts of freelance journalists with secondary employment in the field of public relations

Freelance journalists who are also occupied in public relations have to deal with contrary expectations. Working as a journalist means contributing to the ‘public duty’ of journalism. When doing public relations work, journalists have to represent the particular interests of their clients. If journalists cannot fulfill these contradictory expectations, they experience inter-role conflicts. What are the consequences of these role conflicts? We conducted a quantitative online survey with German freelance journalists who also do public relations work. We observed that participants are often troubled by inter-role conflicts. They feel tense and uncertain whether they see themselves as journalists or as public relations practitioners. Having internalized a normative perception that journalists must not do public relations work, they experience even more intense inter-role conflicts and consequently feel more stressed at work. Moreover, even if their job satisfaction on average remains moderate, when facing inter-role conflicts freelance public relations journalists feel less satisfied with their job situation in general.
Compensation Inequality: Evidence from the National Compensation Survey

Using data from the National Compensation Survey, this article examines compensation inequality measures and trends over the 2007–2014 period. The analysis suggests that inequality measures based on total compensation (i.e., wages plus costs of employer-provided benefits) are higher than measures based solely on wages. It also points to an increase in inequality over the study period—an increase largely driven by a growing compensation gap between highand low-earning occupations—and considerable intraoccupational inequality.
Public Finance and Rural Development in Nigeria: Empirical Evidence from the Structural Equation Modeling

This study looks at the Nigerian public finance system and the quality of life in rural areas. Specifically the study aims at assessing the implementation and elements leading to the constraints to rural investment in those infrastructural facilities that help in improving or enhancing the quality of rural life in Benue state Nigeria. Data was gathered from nine local government areas in Benue state. Two-hundred and seventy questionnaires (270) were distributed (i.e. Thirty questionnaires duly distributed to each selected local government) and a total of two-hundred and forty-two were returned. A comparative methodological approach of multiple-regression analysis and the structural equation modeling (SEM) was adopted. Findings of the SEM analysis revealed that public finance in rural areas of the selected sample size in Nigeria has not been effective and efficient in all ramifications. While the result from the regression model established that, the five key indices used in the study established poor respective outcome. These were found to be due largely from the joint account system between the state/local government which poses serious challenge when it comes to the issue of financing rural infrastructural projects and other social amenities. The study recommends among others the need for a newly architected public finance system in local governments in Nigeria and this should be directed in a way and manner that will be efficient and prudent to move the developmental prospects of the local governments in the rightful direction in Nigeria.
Comparative Study of Capital Structure Determinants in Selected Stock Exchanges of Developing Countries and Tehran Stock Exchange

This paper studies determinants of capital structure in listed firms of selected stock exchanges of developing countries and Tehran stock exchange, and comprises effects of these determinants on selected stock exchanges with Iran. In this study, determinants of capital structure are studied in firm and country levels. In firm-level profitability, distance from bankruptcy, size and tangible assets, and in country level stock market development and GDP growth are studied. Data are collected from Compustat Global Vantage database, World Bank databases and Tadbirpardaz software. Panel Regression is used for analysis and Excel and EViews 6 and F and t test statistics are used. Results of study in level of developing countries show that except development of stock market, GDP growth and distance from bankruptcy, all variables have a significant relationship with capital structure; distance from bankruptcy and tangible assets on Tehran Stock Exchange have a significant relationship with capital structure. Impact of distance from of bankruptcy, size and tangible assets in Tehran Stock Exchange and selected developing countries stock exchanges capital structure are different. This paper enables to comparison, benchmarking, identifying strengths and weaknesses and its results can be used to determine strategies and objectives of firms financing.
EFFECT OF SOME OVER-WINTERING REGIMES ON SURVIVAL AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF NILE TILAPIA , OREOCHROMIS

The present study aimed to study the effectiveness of some over-wintering regimes (covering the tanks with polyethylene sheets, supplementation the fish diets with L-carnitine and using the bio-floc technology) on survival rate, growth performance and proximate composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The experiment was carried out during winter season (1 February to 1 April 2013) and the most important results can be summarize as follows: At the experiment end (after 90 days), the three regimes, plastic sheet, L-carnitine and bio-floc technology, BFT significantly improved survival rate of O. niloticus and the most effective over-wintering regime (based on survival rate) was recorded by BFT followed by supplementation the diets with L-carnitine and by covering ponds with plastic sheets. Fish in the BFT regime showed the highest body weight (BW), the longest body length (BL), the best weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) and consumed the highest amount of feed and showed the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) compared to the other over-wintering regimes and control, and the differences between the other feeding regimes (L-carnitine, covering with plastic sheets and control groups) for feed intake, FCR and PER are not significant. Fish group of the bio-floc (BFT) gained the highest significant crude protein and ash and the lowest fat and dry matter content compared with control group.
Antibacterial activity of leaves and fruits extract of Tamarindus indica against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Shigella at potiskum yobe state, Nigeria

Herbs have been used as medicine since the history of man and herbal preparation have been a major component of all traditional medicine system particularly in Asia, south America and Africa.1 Nevertheless, herbal medicine was the starting point for the western medicine before the latter greatly diversified. An estimate of 75– 90% of rural population of the world still relies on herbs for their healthcare. Thus, in many village market places in Asia, Africa and Latin America, medicinal herbs are sold alone side vegetable and other wares.2 However even in the western culture where herbal medicine seemed to have been forgotten for a long time in preference to synthetic drugs, there is a rethinking and resurgence of herbal remedies. The new direction has been necessitated by high rate of resistance to antibacterial drugs.3
Overborrowing, Financial Crises and 'Macro-Prudential' Taxes

An equilibrium model of financial crises driven by Irving Fisher's financial amplification mechanism features a pecuniary externality, because private agents do not internalize how the price of assets used for collateral respond to collective borrowing decisions, particularly when binding collateral constraints cause asset fire-sales and lead to a financial crisis. As a result, agents in the competitive equilibrium borrow "too much" ex ante, compared with a financial regulator who internalizes the externality. Quantitative analysis calibrated to U.S. data shows that average debt and leverage are only slightly larger in the competitive equilibrium, but the incidence and magnitude of financial crises are much larger. Excess asset returns, Sharpe ratios and the price of risk are also much larger, and the distribution of returns displays endogenous fat tails. State-contingent taxes on debt and dividends of about 1 and -0.5 percent on average respectively support the regulator's allocations as a competitive equilibrium.
Environmental Disclosure Programs, Community Pressure and the Spatial Redistribution of Pollution: The Relocation of Toxic Releasing Facilities After the TRI

This paper analyzes the effects of community pressure induced by the public disclosure of toxic emissions information on the relocation by toxic-releasing facilities. We find that, following this disclosure, toxic releasing facilities are more likely to relocate from communities with high population density, high income, and high educational attainment, and into communities with lower population density, income, and educational attainment. There is also evidence that small facilities grow faster after relocating and thus also emit more toxic pollutants. Therefore, the relocation of toxic polluters has contributed to a worsening of environmental justice following the public release of emissions information.
Increasing Direct Booking in Hotels

Date Author(s) Tara Morales Degree programme Tourism Report/thesis title Increasing Direct Booking in Hotels Number of pages and appendix pages 36 + 3 The aim of this study is to offer suggestions on how hoteliers can improve their processes to increase bookings made through hotel websites otherwise known as direct booking. The research discusses the impact of consumer behaviour, searching information from various sources, marketing channels and the impact of Online Travel Agencies on direct booking in hotels. The research is a quantitative study. A survey that contained several questions about a traveller’s accommodation booking preferences was used as the tool to gather data. There was a mix of both local Finnish participants and international participants. The survey was handed to the participants either offline, in paper form, or online through the internet. There was a total of 122 participants of which 66 were offline answers and 56 were online answers. Competition is evident amongst travel company services. The presence of Online Travel Agencies has affected the statistics of accommodation booking in hotel websites. The results showed that there is a greater number of online hotel bookings made through Online Travel Agencies with 48% (Figure 12) of indirect bookings than hotel websites with only 20% (Figure 11) of direct booking. Therefore, hoteliers should consider understanding their consumers to make changes accordingly to increase direct booking statistics. In conclusion, there is an urgent need for hoteliers to develop their booking services. They should understand the market to keep up with the competition. They should understand and consider implementing consumers’ preferences and suggestions on accommodation booking to increase direct booking.
Induced-Drag Minimization of Nonplanar Geometries Based on the Euler Equations

The induced drag of several nonplanar configurations is minimized using an aerodynamic shape optimization algorithm based on the Euler equations. The algorithm is first validated using twist optimization to recover an elliptical lift distribution. Planform optimization reveals that an elliptical planform is not optimal when side-edge separation is present. Optimized winglet and box-wing geometries are found to have span efficiencies that agree well with lifting-line analysis, provided the bound constraints on the entire geometry are accounted for in the linear analyses. For the same spanwise and vertical bound constraints, a nonplanar split-tip geometry outperforms both the winglet and box-wing geometries, because it can more easily maximize the vertical extent at the tip. The performance of all the optimized geometries is verified using refined grids consisting of 88-152 million nodes.
The Difficulties Witnessed by People with Intellectual Disability in Transition to Work in Saudi Arabia

The transition of a student with a disability from school to work is the most crucial phase while moving from the stage of adolescence into early adulthood. In this process, young individuals face various difficulties and challenges in order to accomplish the next venture of life successfully. In this respect, this paper aims to examine the challenges encountered by the individuals with intellectual disabilities in transition to work in Saudi Arabia. For this purpose, this study has undertaken a qualitative research-based methodology; wherein interpretivist philosophy has been followed along with inductive approach and exploratory research design. The data for the research has been gathered with the help of semistructured interviews, whose findings are analysed with the help of thematic analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of persons with intellectual disabilities, officials, supervisors and specialists of two vocational rehabilitation centres providing training to intellectually disabled students, in addition to that, directors of companies and websites in hiring those individuals. The total number of respondents for the interview was 15. The purposive sampling method was used to select the respondents for the interview. This sampling method is a non-probability sampling method which draws respondents from a known population and allows flexibility and suitability in selecting the participants for the study. The findings gathered from the interview revealed that the lack of awareness among their parents regarding the rights of their children who are intellectually disabled; the lack of adequate communication and coordination between various entities; concerns regarding their training and subsequent employment are the key difficulties experienced by the individuals with intellectual disabilities. Training in programmes such as bookbinding, carpentry, computing, agriculture, electricity and telephone exchange operations were involved as key training programmes. The findings of this study also revealed that information technology and media were playing a significant role in smoothing the transition to employment of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Furthermore, religious and cultural attitudes have been identified to be restricted for people with such disabilities in seeking advantages from job opportunities. On the basis of these findings, it can be implied that the information gathered through this study will serve to be highly beneficial for Saudi Arabian schools/ rehabilitation centres for individuals with intellectual disability to facilitate them in overcoming the problems they encounter during the transition to work. Keywords—Intellectual disability, transition services, rehabilitation centre.
Combined variability management of business processes and software architectures

Nowadays, organizations are faced with the challenge of surviving in a highly flexible and competitive market. Especially the domain of Internet of Things is affected by short product cycles and high pricing pressure. Business Process oriented organizations have proven to perform better regarding highly flexible markets and fast production cycles. However, especially industries focused on low cost IoT systems are facing big problems if the according business processes are not aligned with the business processes. Consequently, a lot of development effort is spent for features which are never addressed by any business goal. With this work, we propose to use a combined variability management in order to efficiently address product variability on the organizational level as well as on the technical level.
Reinforcement of corroded steel structures with CFRP panels

Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer composites are a proven method of providing structural strengthening that is lighter, non-corrosive, and less labour intensive than the application of steel plate or exterior post-tensioning. Corrosion of steel structures in bridges and other civil engineering applications induces a serious structural damage that could lead to the failure during operating conditions. Instead of replacing the damaged structures there is the current approach of repairing the corroded steel structures by strengthening the damaged steel beams or gridges using Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). The focus in this work is on tension angle members in truss type of steel structures. The loss of sectional area due to corrosion effect was represented by creating notches of different sizes (3 mm – 12 mm) in the angles. The results revealed that CFRP reinforcement is able to rehabilitate the corroded steel to the point that the tensile strength reached a value within 20% of the original value of the undamaged steel truss for artificial notch length lower than 9 mm. The effect of moisture on the corroded and rehabilitated steel structures was also investigated and the results revealed a decrease of 7% in the ultimate tensile strength of the steel truss after 2000 hours of continue immersion in water.
Monomorphic and polymorphic enzyme genetic markers of the Waiãpi Indians of Amapá and of inhabitants of Manaus, Amazonas

One hundred nineteen Waiapi Indians and 348 inhabitants of Manaus, Amazonas, were tested using nine enzyme genetic systems in the first population and two in the second. The Waiapi showed some marked differences compared to South American Indian averages in ACP*A (1% vs. 14 ± 9%), GLO1*1 (9% vs. 30 ± 14%) and ESD*1 (99.6% vs. 70 ± 17%), while ESD*1 and CA2*1 prevalences in the Manaus population were within the range previously found in the northern region of Brazil (ESD*1: 85% vs. 80-94%; CA2*1: 98% vs. 89-99.8%). The almost identical frequencies obtained for these two markers in this population, when the sample was subdivided according to skin color, suggest that such morphological classifications have little value in this region. Genetic distances between the Waiapi and other tribes, obtained using these and other genetic markers, showed good parallelism with the geographical distances which separate these Indians from the other groups considered.
Barbing Saloon Associated Fungal Disease Infection in Mubi, Adamawa State-Nigeria

3 Abstract: A survey of barbing saloons was carried out in Mubi (Latitude 10°15'N and Longitude 13°16'E of Greenwich Meridian) of Adamawa State. Swabs were made of all the main equipment (clippers, combs and scissors) used in the saloons and cultured in Saboraud's Dextrose Agar. (SDA) The results obtained showed the presence of Microsporum audouinii and Candida albicans on comb and scissors, while the clippers were free of any significant infectious dermatophytes. It was observed that, though some forms of sterilization is practiced in the saloon, not all the equipment are subjected to proper sterilization.