Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
D 4 _ 7 Scientific Basis of FIDUCEO FCDRs

Meteosat First-Generation satellites have acquired more than 30 years of observations that could potentially be used for the generation of a Climate Data Record. The availability of harmonized and accurate a Fundamental Climate Data Record is a prerequisite to such generation. Meteosat Visible and Infrared Imager radiometers suffer from inaccurate pre-launch spectral function characterization and spectral ageing constitutes a serious limitation to achieve such prerequisite. A new method was developed for the retrieval of the pre-launch instrument spectral function and its ageing. This recovery method relies on accurately simulated top-of-atmosphere spectral radiances matching observed digital count values. This paper describes how these spectral radiances are simulated over pseudo-invariant targets such as open ocean, deep convective clouds and bright desert surface. The radiative properties of these targets are described with a limited number of parameters of known uncertainty. Typically, a single top-of-atmosphere radiance spectrum can be simulated with an estimated uncertainty of about 5%. The independent evaluation of the simulated radiance accuracy is also addressed in this paper. It includes two aspects: the comparison with narrow-band well-calibrated radiometers and a spectral consistency analysis using SEVIRI/HRVIS band on board Meteosat Second Generation which was accurately characterized pre-launch. On average, the accuracy of these simulated spectral radiances is estimated to be about ±2%.
Injuries in Iranian elite female volleyball players

Volleyball is one of the most popular sports in the world. It is the fourth most common source of sports injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of injury among Iranian elite female volleyball players. Seventy-four players from five teams which participated in 2006–2007 Iran female volleyball leagues were studied. The information related to injury were collected using injury report form that completed by teams physicians. Descriptive statistics and χ2 test were used for analyses of data. In total 49 injuries was noted that 77.8% of them occurred in lower extremities and 18.5% in upper extremities and 3.7% in trunk. Most common sites of injury were ankle (51.8%) and knee (22.2%). Most common type of injuries was sprain (55.6%) and strain (18.5%). The majority of injuries were occurred in spiker (55.6%), setters (25.9%) and libero (18.5%) (χ2 = 10.93, p<0.05). Spikers injured mostly in ankle and knee, setters in fingers and libero in wrist. There was no difference between contact and non-contact injuries (χ2 = 1, p>0.05). Rate of injuries during practice were significantly more than competition (χ2 = 5.89, p<0.05). Most of injuries were occurred because of landing from jumping. Rate of injuries that occurred in front line position were significantly higher than back line position (χ2 = 5.81, p<0.05). In conclusion, spikers was more prone to ankle and knee injury during landing from jump and sprain was most common type of injury and front line position critical zone in volleyball court. This information is useful for team's medical staff for covering the competition and also to design prevention strategies for minimising injury.
Review of the evidence for oral health promotion effectiveness

Dental caries, periodontal diseases, tooth loss and oral cancers have significant burden of disease effects *, quality of life and cost implications for the Australian community. Oral health promotion is a key approach to addressing these conditions endorsed as part of the National Oral Health Plan. Understanding the evidence for effectiveness of oral health promotion is integral to strategic planning for both oral and general health settings. Objective: The objective of this article is to report the key findings of a systematic review of the evidence for oral health promotion commissioned by the Victorian Department of Human Services in 2006. Methods: Evidence was collected and evaluated using a combined approach incorporating the Cochrane Public Health and Health Promotion Field Handbook and the Health Gains Notation in order to a develop a synthesis approach to reporting, framed around the Ottawa Charter. Findings: Findings included evidence supporting the continued fluoridation of water supplies, interventions aimed at early childhood and aged care settings, smoking cessation and capacity building with non-oral health care providers. Emerging evidence supporting multi-strategy community based approaches is also reported along with gaps in the evidence. General Conclusions: The authors conclude that, while there is good support for the incorporation of oral health into general health promotion, it will be important to monitor the outcomes in oral health terms.
Serum periostin but not airway POSTN expression is reduced in smokers with asthma

Background Elevated serum periostin is associated with airway eosinophilia in non-smokers with asthma and may predict response to therapies targeting Th 2 inflammation. Smoking in asthma is associated with non-eosinophilic airway inflammation and corticosteroid insensitivity. We determined the effects of smoking status on serum periostin and airway expression in asthma. Methods Serum periostin (ELISA; Aviscera Bioscience) and airway (nasal) epithelial POSTN expression (210809_s_at on U133+2 chips) were measured in asthmatic and healthy subjects (Table). Serum periostin was also measured before and after two week oral steroids in another asthma group (n=45). Data (median IQR) was analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Results Serum periostin was reduced by smoking in both asthmatic (p=0.017) and healthy subjects (p=0.063). Periostin was not influenced by disease severity (p=0.786). Oral steroid treatment reduced serum periostin (p=0.030), particularly in non-smokers with asthma. POSTN expression was similar in non-smokers and smokers with severe asthma, but lower in healthy smokers (p=0.002). Conclusion Serum periostin is lowered by smoking in asthma, whereas airway POSTN expression is similar in smokers and non-smokers with asthma. The role of periostin as a potential biomarker of Th 2 inflammation in asthma requires further evaluation in smokers.
Improving the Annotations in the Turkish Universal Dependency Treebank

This study focuses on a comprehensive analysis and manual re-annotation of the Turkish IMST-UD Treebank, which was automatically converted from the IMST Treebank (Sulubacak et al., 2016b). In accordance with the Universal Dependencies’ guidelines and the necessities of Turkish grammar, the existing treebank was revised. The current study presents the revisions that were made alongside the motivations behind the major changes. Moreover, it reports the parsing results of a transition-based dependency parser and a graph-based dependency parser obtained over the previous and updated versions of the treebank. In light of these results, we have observed that the re-annotation of the Turkish IMST-UD treebank improves performance with regards to dependency parsing.
Tracing Atmospheric Nitrate Deposition in a Complex Semiarid Ecosystem Using ∆ 17

G R E G M I C H A L S K I , * , † T H O M A S M E I X N E R , ‡ M A R K F E N N , § L A R R Y H E R N A N D E Z , † A B B Y S I R U L N I K , ‡ E D I T H A L L E N , ‡ A N D M A R K T H I E M E N S † University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92095-0356, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, PSW Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Riverside, California 92507
Valproate Prescribing in Women of Childbearing Age: An Audit of Clinical Practice

Background. Evidence is accruing regarding the risks of valproate exposure in women of childbearing age. Recommendations have recently been made for a higher standard of prenatal counselling and prescribing practice in respect of valproate use in this patient group. Aim and Method. A reaudit was carried out to review the standard of clinical discussion around teratogenic risk and pregnancy planning offered to women of child-bearing age prescribed valproate. Case notes and prescription charts of women 45 years old or less were examined and compared with the results of a previous audit in 2005. Results. The use of valproate was increased overall by 64% and there was an 18% increase in off-label valproate use. The rate of clinical discussion carried out during commencement declined from 70% to 35% and at annual review from 50% to 22%. There was less clinical discussion in outpatients and in older patients. More than 40% of doctors surveyed were not confident about giving information to women. Clinical Implication. There is a need for a multidisciplinary approach and action at Healthcare Trust level, to increase awareness and reduce risks associated with valproate prescribing in childbearing women.
Deep Learning for Robust end-to-end Tone Mapping

Low-light images require localised processing to enhance details, contrast and lighten dark regions without affecting the appearance of the entire image. A range of tone mapping techniques have been developed to achieve this, with the latest state-of-the-art meth-ods leveraging deep learning. In this work, a new end-to-end tone mapping approach based on Deep Convolutional Adversarial Networks (DCGANs) is introduced along with a data augmentation technique, and shown to improve upon the latest state-of-the-art on benchmarking datasets. We carry out comparisons using the MIT-Adobe FiveK (MIT-5K) and the LOL datasets, as they provide benchmark training and testing data, which is further enriched with data augmentation techniques to increase diversity and robustness. A U-net is used in the generator and a patch-GAN in the discriminator, while a perceptually-relevant loss function based on VGG is used in the generator. The results are visually pleasing, and shown to improve upon the state-of-the-art Deep Retinex, Deep Photo Enhancer and GLADNet on the most widely used benchmark dataset MIT-5K and LOL, without additional computational requirements.
Organoprotective effects of Dexmedetomidine : From bench to bedside

Advances in technology and medicine has allowed us to manage organ injuries that were previously fatal, however even at the best of our abilities most organ damage is irreversible. Most common organ failure described are pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic and central nervous system [1]. According to the World Health Organisation, ischaemic heart disease is the most common cause of death worldwide, closely followed by stroke [2]. Interruption to blood flow is the main cause of organ failure, which can occur in a variety of circumstances where there is a low blood pressure such as septic, cardiogenic and haemorrhagic shock. Tissues become starved of nutrients and oxygen as well as accumulate toxic metabolites and carbon dioxide, leading to conditions such as ischaemic stroke and myocardial, mesenteric and nephric ischaemia. Organ failure is often associated with high morbidity and mortality; for example, around 50% of stroke survivors have significant morbidities due permanent neurological deficits [3], requiring prolonged hospitalization, long-term physiotherapy and care. This creates a significant burden to the individual, family as well as society; it has been estimated to cost £8.9 billion per year in the UK [4]. Multi-organ failure is the most common cause of death in intensive care [5], which can occur following different events such as injury and sepsis. The decline in organ function can occurs over a short period of time, which may provide a window of opportunity to intervene. There are many methods of preventative strategies available including, for example, therapeutic hypothermia [6,7], anaesthetic agents [8,9]and free radical scavengers [10]. However these are beyond the scope of this review, we will focus on the vital organoprotection afforded by  2 adrenoceptor agonist Dexmedetomidine. Herein we will discuss the literature available regarding the Abstract
Using news titles and financial features to predict intraday movements of the DJIA

In this work we use a deep learning model to predict the intraday directional movements of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) stock market index using a combination of general news titles and technical data related to the index. Previous research in this domain has shown a combination of RNN and CNN-based architectures to be effective at capturing semantic information from financial news titles and model the temporal dependencies of a separate index, the S & P 500, on each day’s news. When it comes to linguistic input, most existing methods draw exclusively from financial news articles. We have attempted to generalize this framework to general news titles, as well as experiment with attention mechanisms in modeling temporal variations in the index.
Process Control using Deep Reinforcement Learning ?

The conventional and optimization based controllers have been used in process industries for more than two decades. The application of such controllers on complex systems could be computationally demanding and may require estimation of hidden states. They also require constant tuning, development of a mathematical model (first principle or empirical), design of control law which are tedious. Moreover, they are not adaptive in nature. On the other hand, in the recent years, there has been significant progress in the fields of computer vision and natural language processing that followed the success of deep learning. Human level control has been attained in games and physical tasks by combining deep learning with reinforcement learning. They were also able to learn the complex go game which has states more than number of atoms in the universe. Self-Driving cars, machine translation, speech recognition etc started to gain advantage of these powerful models. The approach to all of them involved problem formulation as a learning problem. Inspired by these applications, in this work we have posed process control problem as a learning problem to build controllers to address the limitations existing in current controllers.
Reference points in sequential bargaining : Theory and experiment ∗

We introduce loss aversion in the infinite horizon, alternating offers model. When outside options serve as reference points, the equilibrium of our model follows the standard Rubinstein’s subgame perfect equilibrium. However, when reference points are given by the resources players contribute to the pie, the bargaining outcome changes such that a player’s share increases in her contribution. We test the model in the laboratory. As predicted, only binding outside options impact on the division of the pie. Data also lend support to the prediction that contributions matter for bargaining outcomes, but only when they are earned.
ORGANIZATIONAL GREEN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ( IT ) ADOPTION THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS : A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE

Although, organisational Green Information Technology (Green IT) adoptions have been on the increase, yet many organisations face difficulty in identifying and adopting relevant Green IT strategy. Green IT adoption studies at the organisational level are primarily based on theoretical frameworks. However, these underlying theories are understudied. This paper review 103 published research articles from leading information systems’ literature sources on organisational Green IT adoption from 2007 – 2018 to guide future research. The review focuses on the theoretical frameworks used in organisational Green IT adoption studies and provides analysis by purpose, by country, by year of publication and the frequency of use with insights and recommendations for future research.
Prevalence of substance abuse among adolescent school students in Zagazig

Introduction The 20th century ended with the conviction that drug abuse was a global problem and thus global solutions were required. This is a cross-sectional study that was carried out in Zagazig Center, Sharkia governorate, in the year of 2013 (September to October). Participants and methods The study included 204 preparatory and secondary school students. The mean age of the participants was15.26 ± 1.59 years. The school students were met in their classrooms, in the presence of their teachers, and assessed for substance abuse using the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) and the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test-Extended (DUDIT-E); urine samples were then collected for all participants during the interviews using the multidrug one-step test. Results The prevalence of smoking and substance abuse among school students were 8.3 and 8.8%, respectively, and the majority of them used substances once a month or less. The most common substances used by the students included tramadol, cannabis, and alcohol (83.3, 27.8, and 16.7%, respectively), with a mean age of onset of smoking of 16.06 ± 1.39 years and a mean age of onset of substance abuse of 16.5 ± 1.098 years. Conclusion Substance abuse and smoking were common among adolescents, and the age at onset was almost the same for both. DUDIT and DUDIT-E may significantly contribute to more effective screening of drug problems in research and clinical settings with groups at risk and it may be useful for mapping drug use among different groups in public health contexts.
An exploration of the motivational basis of take-some and give-some games

Surprisingly little research has investigated the particular motives that underlie choice behavior in social dilemma situations. The main aim of the present research was to ask whether behavior in take-some games (such as the multiple-person Commons Dilemma Game and the two-person Bandit Game) and give-some games (such as the multiple-person Public Goods Dilemma Game and the two-person Dictator Game) is differently affected by proself and prosocial motives. Two experimental studies were conducted. Our first experiment used a trait-based assessment of the motives, whereas in our second experiment the motives were measured as state variables. The results of both experiments revealed that proself and prosocial motives did not explain much difference between taking and giving when comparing the Commons Dilemma Game and the Public Goods Dilemma Game. Yet, our second experiment revealed that these motives did differentiate choices in the Bandit Game and the Dictator Game. More specifically, prosocial motives are more strongly related to giving behavior in the Dictator Game than to taking behavior in the Bandit Game. As such, it can be concluded that in dyadic games (but not in multiple-person games) prosocial motives (but not proself motives) predict choice behavior in a game-specific way.
Linear pressing of coconut copra meal ( Cocos nucifera L . ) under different temperatures

Pressing of vegetable oils plays an important role in the food processing. This study described the compression behaviour of copra (Cocos nucifera L.) using the universal compression testing machine and vessel diameter of 60 mm with a plunger. The influence of heat treatment on oil recovery efficiency and specific mechanical energy were determined. Compression tests at the rate of 1 mm s−1 under five different temperatures 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C were performed. The measuring range of force was between 0 kN and 50 kN. It has been found that the amount of obtained oil increased and specific mechanical energy decreased with increased temperature. Measured data were analysed by computer software Mathcad 14 (MathCAD 14, PTC Software, Needham, MA, USA). Mathematical model describing the mechanical behaviour of bulk copra under compression loading was represented.
abitat suitability is a poor proxy for landscape connectivity during ispersal and mating movements nnika

Resistance values based on habitat suitability are frequently the basis for modeling landscape connectivity and designing wildlife corridors to facilitate dispersal movements. However, animals may use the landscape differently during dispersal movements than in the home range. We hypothesized that (1) habitat features that are avoided within an animal’s home range offer little resistance to animals during natal or breeding dispersal and more specifically that (2) resistance to dispersal is a negative exponential function of habitat suitability within the home range. To test these hypotheses, we used field movement data of kinkajous (Potos flavus), a neotropical, arboreal mammal, to parameterize alternative resistance surfaces based on home range resource use, home range movement data, parent-offspring locations, and breeding pair locations. We used correlation analysis to compare performance of these surfaces. Our results suggest that kinkajous perceive the fragmented landscape as more connected during dispersal than while in the home range. Although kinkajous are tightly linked to forest during movements in the home range, farms and pastures did not pose higher resistance to dispersal movements than forests. Similar tolerance for low-quality habitat has now been observed in dispersal movements of several wildlife species. A negative exponential relationship between habitat suitability and resistance characterizes landscape connectivity perception of mobile species during dispersal movements. If mobile animals can readily traverse habitat of lower quality, large fractions of the landscape may offer low resistance, allowing greater flexibility in where a corridor is located. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Reengineering Revolution: A Handbook

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Conductivity Study of Polyaniline-Cobalt Ferrite ( PANI-CoFe 2 O 4 ) Nanocomposite ... 99-107

Calcium fluoride nanoparticles with various amounts of erbium ion dopants were prepared by CTAB/C4H9OH/C7H16/H2O reverse micro-emulsion method. The nanoparticles were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), absorption and fluorescence spectra. The XRD patterns indicate a typical cubic fluorite structure and no other impurities. TEM results show the synthesized particles having uniform grain size and without agglomeration. FTIR spectra reveal that there are some amounts of -OH, NO−3 and other organic functional groups on the particle surfaces before the annealing process. Many absorption peaks and bands are present in the absorption spectra, corresponding to the rich energy levels of erbium ion. The Red-Shift of absorption bands and Blue-Shift of fluorescence peaks can be attributed to the weakened energy level split as a result of the decrease in crystal field strength.