Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DENTAL VISIT BEHAVIOUR AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA

To assess the types and pattern of dental visits among children in public and private primary schools. A comparative cross sectional study carried out among public and private primary school pupils in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Selection was done from schools using the multistage sampling method. Information was obtained from the school records and parents by means of structured questionnaires. Demographic information; (age, sex, ethnic group, religion, parent or guardian’s level of education) and history of previous dental visits were elicited. Data was analysed using SSPSS version 20. Demographic variables and associations were tested using chi-squared tests with the level of statistical significance set at p ＜ 0.05. Four hundred and thirty pupils; 200 (46.5%) males and 230 (53.5%) females with a mean age of 7.6 (+2.7) years from two private and two public schools participated. Majority (87.2%) of the pupils had never visited the dental clinic. Three quarters (74%) of those who accessed dental care did because of symptoms. Utilisation of dental services and frequency of dental visits varied significantly with schools, being higher among those in private schools. There were statistical significant differences in the level of education of the parents of the pupils who attended private and the public schools (p=0.001). There was poor utilisation of dental services among respondents with those in private schools attending more frequently. Oral health enlightenment programmes should be fashioned for parents/caregivers on the importance of good oral health since they bear the responsibility for the health of these children.
Dirichlet branes, effective actions and supersymmetry

De theoretische hoge-energiefysica houdt zich bezig met de wiskundige beschrijving van de fundamentele bouwstenen van de natuur. De gevestigde theorieen zijn het Standaard Model en de Algemene Relativiteitstheorie (ART); beide zijn zgn. quantumveldentheorieen. Het Standaard Model beschrijft alle ons bekende deeltjes en hun interacties via de elektromagnetische kracht en de sterke en zwakke kernkrachten. De ART beschrijft alleen de zwaartekracht. Bij de relatief lage energieen die deeltjesfysici in hun experimenten gebruiken werken deze quantumveldentheorieen prima. Het blijkt echter dat bij hoge energieen deze theorieen hun geldigheid verliezen en vervangen moeten worden door iets nieuws. Situaties waarin dit soort extreme energieen bereikt worden komen voor in het heelal, zoals vlak na de Oerknal of binnenin een zwart gat. De snaartheorie is de meest veelbelovende poging om een geunificeerde mathematische beschrijving te vinden van alle materie en alle vier natuurkrachten die geldig is bij arbitrair hoge energieen. Waar binnen quantumveldentheorieen deeltjes wiskundig gemodelleerd worden als 0-dimensionale objecten (d.w.z. oneindig kleine puntjes), zijn deeltjes in snaartheorie verschillende trillingstoestanden van een onderliggend 1-dimensionaal object (d.w.z. een snaar). Snaartheorie is werk in uitvoering: de theorie is verre van volledig begrepen. In de afgelopen tien jaar is duidelijk geworden dat naast de 1-dimensionale snaren ook hoger-dimensionale objecten, de zogenaamde branen, een belangrijke rol spelen. Een belangrijke klasse vormen de zogenaamde Dirichlet branen. Deze gedragen zich als zwarte gaten, maar vertonen in groepen exotisch gedrag. Een belangrijk gereedschap om deze branen te bestuderen is hun beschrijving in termen van een quantumveldentheorie bij lage energieen. In mijn promotieonderzoek heb ik met behulp van verschillende technieken, die ik in detail beschrijf in mijn proefschrift, vooralsnog onbekende bijdragen aan deze effectieve veldentheorieen geconstrueerd.
Perfectionism in High School Students, Academic Emotions, Real and Perceived Academic Achievement

Being studied initially in the field of psychopathology, the perfectionism was considered as a personality style characterized by negative aspects like striving to be perfect, self-criticism and also low self-esteem and depression. But the last decade’s research drew up perfectionism as a multidimensional construct which imply personal and social elements, with both positive and negative effects onto performance and development. So, the multidimensional model belonging to Hewitt and Flett (1991) distinguish between self-oriented perfectionism; other-oriented perfectionism, and socially prescribed perfectionism. In the educational field, the perfectionism was studied in relation to academic performance and motivation, to achievement goals and to some negative emotions like anxiety, shame, and guilt. But there are just a small number of studies that analyzed the perfectionism in relation to positive emotions in educational settings. Pekrun, Goetz, Titz, and Perry (2002) indicated that students are experiencing a rich diversity of emotions in different academic contexts. In this study, we explored the self-oriented and the sociallyprescribed perfectionism, in relation to positive and negative test-related emotions, within a group of 187 high school students. Results indicated that, when controlling for academic achievement, hope and pride, but also anxiety, anger and guilt are significantly associated with self-oriented perfectionism and uncorrelated with socially-prescribed perfectionism. Instead, the socially-prescribed perfectionism was correlated but the self-oriented perfectionism was not correlated with hopelessness. © 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.uk
Experimental Study on Bearing Capacity of Geocell-Reinforced Bases

Geocell, a three-dimensional interconnected geosynthetic made of polymer, has been used to improve base course properties by providing soil confinement to increase its stiffness and to reduce its permanent surface deformation. Research conducted in the past on geocell-reinforced base courses has shown apparent benefits over unreinforced ones. However, the use of geocell reinforcement for base courses on soft subgrade is limited due to lack of established design methods. In this study, laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the behavior of geocell-reinforced bases under static and repeated loading. Two base course materials, Kansas River sand and quarry waste, were used as infill materials. This study investigated the bearing capacity and stiffness improvement provided by geocell reinforcement and the effect of infill materials. This study also evaluated the permanent deformation and the percentage of elastic deformation of geocell-reinforced Kansas River sand and quarry waste compared with unreinforced bases. The test results show that the single geocell reinforcement can increase the bearing capacity, stiffness, and percent of elastic deformation for each cycle and reduce the permanent deformation.
Management of Irrigation Water Salinity in Greenhouse Tomato Production under Calcareous Sandy Soil and Drip Irrigation

efficiency (WUE). Irrigation management treatments were fresh (0.86 dS m -1 ) and saline waters (3.6 dS m -1 ), surface and subsurface irrigation methods, 2, 4, and 6 L h -1 irrigation rates applied at the same irrigation duration and interval, and clay deposit, organic matter, and control amendment treatments. The results showed that differences among treatments were highly significant (P< 0.05) for tomato yield and WUE. The interactions between water quality and the other three factors were highly significant (P< 0.05). Applying fresh water and clay deposit amendments in sandy soil under subsurface drip irrigation at 2 L h -1 flow rate irrigation, water saving occurred due to improving soil water distribution in root zone. On the other hand, fresh application of saline water and clay deposit or organic matter amendments in sandy soil under subsurface drip irrigation method at 6 L h -1 flow rate, reduced both high cost of water desalinization and deleterious effect of saline water. Therefore, this management practice is recommended for greenhouse tomato production.
Spheromak Equilibrium Studies on SSX

A spheromak is a toroid of plasma with toroidal and poloidal magnetic elds of comparable strength generated by currents flowing in the plasma, and with no material linking the center of the torus. The plasma is conned by its magnetic elds, which in turn are held in place by a copper flux conserver. This conguration is illustrated in gure 1. The present experiment, conducted on the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment (SSX) at Swarthmore College, is a study of the formation and relaxation of such plasmas into a steady state, or equilibrium. The unique properties of spheromaks have fueled interest in their use for studies of magnetic reconnection and magnetic connement fusion [Jarboe 1994; Yamada 1990; Ono 1992]. In tokamaks and other conventional plasma connement schemes, the vacuum vessel is toroidal and eld coils thread through the center topologically forbidding extraction of the intact plasma. In contrast, lack of structure linking the center of the torus means spheromaks may be moved after formation, which is useful for these experiments. Magnetic reconnection is a turbulent process involving merging of adjacent parcels of magnetic eld. Mobility allows two spheromaks to be formed then (partially or completely) merged to observe this process. Reconnection processes are a candidate to explain the high temperature of the solar corona, and are an important cause of disruptions to plasma connement in fusion energy reactors. The mechanism behind magnetic reconnection is currently very poorly understood, and there is great interest in exploring it . Low structural requirements and mobility also indicate the potential use of spheromaks as fusion reactors which would have less radioactive structure than tokamak counterparts, and which would take advantage of connement benets obtained at low aspect ratio (that is, little or no central structure). The study of spheromak equilibrium is an interesting problem in basic plasma physics, and is relevant directly to the use of spheromaks as fusion sources since connement and plasma shape are the primary issue there. These studies are also necessary to lay the ground for reconnection experiments, since in order to study reconnection it is necessary to understand the reservoir of magnetic eld available to feed the reconnection region. The equilibrium project on SSX is a program involving experimental measurements, theory and simulation on spheromak equilibrium, and a set of data processing and tting tools to allow the theoretical/simulated equilibria to be compared with the experimental results. Various models, which make dierent assumptions about the spheromak (ie zero pressure for the force free model), also make dierent predictions about the shape the spheromak’s elds should assume in equilibrium. By comparing the predictions of various models
Morphometric taxonomy of honeybee races of Apis mellifera L. in Kaduna state

This study was aimed at classifying Apis mellifera subspecies in Kaduna State based on variations in morphometric features of samples collected from five Apiaries in the State. The measured variables were subjected to analysis with parametric statistic tools of mean, standard deviation and standard error. The distribution and relation between them were subjected to two step cluster analysis and morphoclusters means were presented in centroids. The honeybee samples were classified into two distinct morphoclusters. Morphoclusters 1 constituted 41.6% of honeybees in the State while morphoclusters 2 had 58.4%. The distribution by farm of A. mellifera in Kaduna State showed all honeybee samples collected from Farm III (100%) were of morphoclusters 1 and also morphoclusters 2 in Farm IV (100%). On the contrary, Farm I (62%) and Farm V (85%) recorded majority of honeybees in morphoclusters 2 while Farm II had honeybees evenly distributed within the two morphoclusters. The result of this research revealed that variations in morphometric features of honeybee workers can serve as an effective tool for classifying A. mellifera species in Kaduna into variants of the subspecies.
Small‐seeded species produce more seeds per square metre of canopy per year, but not per individual per lifetime

1 The trade‐off between seed mass and the number of seeds a plant can make for a given amount of energy underpins our understanding of seed ecology. However, there is little information on the magnitude of the fecundity advantage of small‐seeded species over an entire plant lifetime. 2 We compiled data from the literature to quantify the relationships between: (i) seed mass and plant size (because the photosynthetic area of a plant determines how much energy is available for allocation to seed production); (ii) seed mass and plant reproductive lifetime (the number of years a plant has to produce seeds); and (iii) seed mass and the number of seeds produced per individual per year, and per lifetime. 3 Seed mass was positively related to all measures of plant size (canopy area, plant height, stem diameter, plant mass and canopy volume). There were also positive correlations between seed mass and time to first reproduction, plant life span, and reproductive life span. Thus, although small‐seeded species produce more seeds per unit canopy area per year than large‐seeded species, large‐seeded species tend to have larger canopies and more reproductive years. 4 These patterns accord well with independently gathered data on annual and lifetime seed production. The negative relationship between seed mass and the number of seeds produced per year was much shallower on a per individual basis than on a per unit canopy basis. Seed mass was not significantly related to the total number of seeds produced by an individual plant throughout its lifetime. 5 Our previous understanding of seed mass as a spectrum from production of many small seeds, each with low establishment probability, to a few large seeds each with higher establishment probability, was missing some important elements. To understand the forces shaping the evolution of seed mass, we will need to consider plant size and longevity, as well as seedling survival rates and the number of seeds that can be produced for a given amount of energy.
Precise Determination of Sm and Nd Concentrations and Nd Isotopic Compositions in Highly Depleted Ultramafic Reference Materials

In this study, a high‐precision method for the determination of Sm and Nd concentrations and Nd isotopic composition in highly depleted ultramafic rocks without a preconcentration step is presented. The samples were first digested using the conventional HF + HNO3 + HClO4 method, followed by the complete digestion of chromite in the samples using HClO4 at 190–200 °C and then complete dissolution of fluoride formed during the HF decomposition step using H3BO3. These steps ensured the complete digestion of the ultramafic rocks. The rare earth elements (REEs) were separated from the sample matrix using conventional cation‐exchange chromatography; subsequently, Sm and Nd were separated using the LN columns. Neodymium isotopes were determined as NdO+, whereas Sm isotopes were measured as Sm+, both with very high sensitivity using single W filaments with TaF5 as an ion emitter. Several highly depleted ultramafic rock reference materials including USGS DTS‐1, DTS‐2, DTS‐2b, PCC‐1 and GSJ JP‐1, which contain extremely low amounts of Sm and Nd (down to sub ng g−1 level), were analysed, and high‐precision Sm and Nd concentration and Nd isotope data were obtained. This is the first report of the Sm‐Nd isotopic compositions of these ultramafic rock reference materials except for PCC‐1.
TROPHIC INTERACTIONS OF BATHYRAJA TRACHURA AND SYMPATRIC FISHES

Author(s): Boyle, Mariah D. | Abstract: Quantifying deep-sea food webs can be resource intensive due to the difficulties of sampling fishes from the deep sea. The diet of fishes is often quantified through stomach content analysis, through this method has many sampling constraints, and it can be difficult to obtain sufficient samples for an in-depth study. This study attempts to fill a critical data gap by determining the diet and trophic level of the deep-sea Roughtail Skate, Bathyraja trachura, using traditional stomach content analysis. This study also attempts to determine the validity and accuracy of stable isotope analysis in the continental slope fishes of the deep-sea of the eastern North Pacific, as an alternative method to determine trophic level in fishes.The Roughtail Skate is an abundant deep-sea skate in the eastern North Pacific. Little is known about the diet of this skate, which is landed as by-catch in commercial bottom trawls. Skates were collected between 2005 and 2008 from fishery-independent trawl surveys of the continental slope and outer shelf. Geometric Index of Importance (GII) values indicated that crustaceans (71.4%), fishes (17.8%), polychaetes (4.3%), and cephalopods (3.7%) were the most important prey groups in the diet. Diet differed significantly with total length, but not with sex. Larger individuals (by total length) had significantly higher trophic level values, and year and latitude explained variation in the diet for three prey categories.In this study, fishes and invertebrates collected from the continental slope (1,000 m depth) of the eastern North Pacific were analyzed using stable isotope analysis (SIA). The carbon and nitrogen stable isotope results were used to construct dual isotope plots to investigate the trophic relationships of this deep-sea community. The plots indicated a decoupling of the benthic and pelagic food webs, with the benthic food web being isotopically enriched. Stomach and isotope samples were collected from 32 Roughtail Skates (Bathyraja trachura) to determine the validity and accuracy of SIA in determining the trophic levels of the skates. A linear regression analysis indicated that nitrogen values from SIA and trophic levels calculated from stomach content analysis, when plotted against skate total length, exhibited similar variation and patterns, although only the stomach content analysis yielded significant results (stomach content: p=0.020, r2=0.168; stable isotope: p=0.077, r2=0.101).
Sub-populations of coastal cod with different behaviour and life-history strategies

This study provides evidence of countergradient variations in life-history traits among coastal cod Gadus morhua off the Norwegian coast, suggesting the existence of sub-populations. One-yr-old wild-caught individuals from 70° N were smaller, grew slower, weighed less, and had a lower condition factor (CF) than southern cod from 60° N during the sampling period from June to February. In contrast, both a higher growth potential and an increase in CF were found in northern cod when offspring of northern and southern cod from the same area and of the same age as the wild cod were housed together in a 'common-garden' experiment. The rapid growth in northern cod was achieved by higher success in food competition when given a restricted amount of food. Active feed- ing behaviour and larger energy allocation to storage tissues, as suggested by the higher increase in condition, represents adaptations to the high-latitude environment for northern cod and counter- gradient variation. These differences suggest the existence of genetically distinct sub-populations along the Norwegian coast. Development of sub-populations that differ in behaviour and life-history strategies are discussed in relation to mechanisms for local retention of early life stages and local adaptation of older stages. Sub-populations with different life histories may respond differently to fisheries, and attention to this could be beneficial for improving fisheries management.
Reversals in the Direction of Polarization Rotation in OJ 287

We have obtained a smooth time series for the electric vector position angle (EVPA) of the blazar OJ 287 at centimeter wavelengths, by making ±nπ adjustments to archival values from 1974 to 2016. The data display rotation reversals in which the EVPA rotates counterclockwise for ∼180° and then rotates clockwise by a similar amount. The timescale of the rotations is a few weeks to a year, and the scale for a double rotation, including the reversal, is 1–3 yr. We have seen four of these events in 40 yr. A model consisting of two successive outbursts in polarized flux density, with EVPAs counterrotating, superposed on a steady polarized jet, can explain many of the details of the observations. Polarization images support this interpretation. The model can also help to explain similar events seen at optical wavelengths. The outbursts needed for the model can be generated by the supermagnetosonic jet model of Nakamura et al. and Nakamura & Meier, which requires a strong helical magnetic field. This model produces forward and reverse pairs of fast and slow MHD waves, and the plasma inside the two fast/slow pairs rotates around the jet axis, but in opposite directions.
Ontogeny of osmoregulation and salinity tolerance in the isopod crustacean Sphaeroma serratum

Osmoregulation was studied in embryos, juveniles and adults of the isopod Sphaeroma serratum (Fabricius. 1787). Salinity tolerance was studied in juveniles and adults. Juveniles and adults were euryhaline. Salinity tolerance was wide at birth in stage I juveniles and it increased up to a maximum in stage IV and adults. The lower and upper lethal salinities for 50% of the animals (96 h LSSo) at 20°C varied from about 13%0 and 59%0, respectively, in stage I, to about 2% and 74%0, respectively, in stage IV and in adults. Early and late embryos had, respectively, no or weak osmoregulatory capabilities. They were isosmotic and slightly hyperosmotic to the fluid of the incubating pouches in which they developed. The adult type of osmoregulation was partly present in stage I juveniles and was fully acquired at stage 11. The osmoregulatory capacity increased in the following stages and the adult osmoregulatory efficiency was established in stage IV. In juveniles and adults, osmoregulation and salinity tolerance appeared to be correlated. The ability of S. serratum to live in a habitat subjected to large variations of salinity is achieved through 2 sequential adaptations: (1) embryos, which develop in incubating pouches, are protected in them against osmotic stress; and (2) juveniles are able to hyperregulate at birth and, therefore, after birth, all stages are euryhaline.
Blended learning in distance education: Sri Lankan perspective T.R. Liyanagunawardena University of Reading, UK

The purpose of this paper is to explore the implementation of online learning in distance educational delivery at Yellow Fields University (pseudonymous) in Sri Lanka. The implementation of online distance education at the University included the use of blended learning. The policy initiative to introduce online components to distance education in Sri Lanka was guided by the expectation of cost reduction and the implementation was financed under the Distance Education Modernization Project. This paper presents one case study of a larger multiple-case-study research project that employed an ethnographic research approach in investigating the impact of ICT on distance education in Sri Lanka. Documents, questionnaires and qualitative interviews were used for data collection. The lack of access to computers and the Internet, the lack of infrastructure, low levels of computer literacy, the lack of local language content, and the lack of formal student support services at the University were found to be major barriers to implementing compulsory online activities at the University.