Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cold neutral gas associated with the Gum nebula

Based on HI maps covering the 3 600 square degrees area delimited by , we investigated the neutral hydrogen distribution in the Gum nebula and its environments. The main result is the appearence of a huge disk of neutral gas at a kinematical distance compatible with that of the nebula, and whose angular dimensions coincide with the optical image of the Gum nebula. The disk, roughly centered at , is located at and has a radius of . We propose that this HI disk is the neutral gas component of the optical nebula, hence becoming the first time in which a structure with the dimensions of the optical nebula is detected in other wavelengths. We analyze the fitting of observations with different theoretical models and conclude that the most plausible interpretation is that the Gum nebula is a supershell produced by the action of repeated SN explosions, where the explosions may have originated in the aged association Vela OB2. In this context, the thick HI shell shown by Dubner et al.(1992) near and the Vela SNR are the debris of two of the several outbursts which started in the region about years ago. The southern boundary is distorted due to the presence of a radius shell, which appears to be an interstellar bubble driven by the stellar winds of the O–type star HD 49798.
Large deviations of spread measures for Gaussian matrices

For a large n×m Gaussian matrix, we compute the joint statistics, including large deviation tails, of generalized and total variance—the scaled log-determinant H and trace T of the corresponding n×n covariance matrix. Using a Coulomb gas technique, we find that the Laplace transform of their joint distribution Pn(h,t) decays for large n, m (with c=m/n⩾1 fixed) as P^n(s,w)≈exp(−βn2J(s,w)), where β is the Dyson index of the ensemble and J(s, w) is a β-independent large deviation function, which we compute exactly for any c. The corresponding large deviation functions in real space are worked out and checked with extensive numerical simulations. The results are complemented with a finite n, m treatment based on the Laguerre–Selberg integral. The statistics of atypically small log-determinants is shown to be driven by the split-off of the smallest eigenvalue, leading to an abrupt change in the large deviation speed.
Two sides of probe method and obstacle with impedance boundary condition

An inverse boundary value problem for the Helmholtz equation in a bounded domain is considered. The problem is to extract information about an unknown obstacle embedded in'the domain with unknown impedance boundary condition (the Robin condition) from the associated Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. The main result is a characterization of the unknown obstacle via the sequences that are constructed by the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map, under smallness conditions on the wave number and the upper bound of the impedance. Moreover two alternative simple proofs of a previous result of Cheng-Liu-Nakamtira which are based on only some energy estimates, an analysis of the blowup of the energy of so-called reflected solutions and an application of the enclosure method to the problem are also given.
PHYSICAL, MICROSTRUCTURAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTRUDED AND MICROWAVE-EXPANDED SNACKS ADDED WITH DEHYDRATED SQUASH

The objective of this work was to study the effects of the extrusion temperature (T, 93-141 °C), feed moisture content (FMC, 21.27-34.73%), and dehydrated squash content (DS, 0.43-15.57%) on physical, microstructural and sensory characteristics of microwave-expanded snack foods (SF) formulated adding dehydrated squash to a base blend of corn starch-yellow corn. A second order rotatable central composite design and the response surface methodology for data analysis were used. The T and FMC showed a greater effect (P < 0.05) on specific volume and moisture of pellets, whereas FMC and DS showed a greater effect on Chroma (C*) and Hue (H*) color parameters. The microstructural properties of the snacks evaluated with the Rapid Visco-Analyzer (RVA), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were related mainly to the starch gelatinization. Also, the sensory acceptability of snacks added with DS reached almost 79%. The results indicate that it is possible to elaborate SF with acceptable physical and sensory characteristics by adding DS to a base blend.
Leaving home: Relocation choices of South African multinational enterprise (MNEs)

As multinational enterprise (MNEs) from emerging markets grow into maturity they face significant challenges surrounding their identities and home country bases and, as a result, we see them making different choices. National champions choose to retain their corporate headquarters and identity from their emerging market homes while corporate emigrants relocate their head-offices abroad. Targets of mergers and acquisitions (M and A) may move to the acquirer's home or stay where they were born. Through an examination of South African-born firms that are cross-listed on both the Johannesburg securities exchange and one other exchange, we identify the differences between these evolutionary paths and discuss the drivers and constraints on relocation decisions. Key words: South Africa, emerging markets, multinational enterprise, location advantage, headquarters.
Methodologies for the design of LCC voltage-output resonant converters

The paper presents five structured design methodologies for third-order LCC voltage-output resonant converters. The underlying principle of each technique is based on an adaptation of a FMA equivalent circuit that accommodates the nonlinear behaviour of the converter. In contrast to previously published methods, the proposed methodologies explicitly incorporate the effects of the transformer magnetising inductance. Furthermore, a number of the methodologies allow the resonant-tank components to be specified at the design phase, thereby facilitating the use of standard off-the-shelf components. A procedure for sizing the filter capacitor is derived, and the use of error mapping, to identify parameter boundaries and provide the designer with a qualitative feel for the accuracy of a proposed converter design, is explored.
Mood, cognitive function and quality of life improvements in middle aged women following supplementation with polygonum minus extract

Polygonum minus is a plant rich in flavonoids and antioxidants beneficial for reducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in neuronal membranes. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the potential benefits of P. minus extract (LineMinusTM) towards improving cognitive function, mood status and quality of life. Thirty five middle-aged women (35-55 years old) were randomized into intervention (n=17) and control group (n=18). Two capsules of P. minus (250 mg) or placebo (100 mg maltodextrin) each were taken once daily for six weeks. Cognitive tests, mood and anthropometric measurements were measured at baseline, week 3 and week 6, whilst biomarkers were measured at baseline and week 6. Parameters related to mood and quality of life including energy/fatigue, social functioning and general health significantly improved from baseline to week 6 in the intervention group (p<0.05). Mean score for cognitive tests (i.e. digit span, comprehensive trail making test (CTMT) and three domains of CNS vital sign (CNSVS)] improved significantly in both intervention and control groups (p<0.05). There was a significant decrease of mean uric acid, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), total cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in the intervention group from baseline to week 6. P. minus supplementation has the potential to improve mood and quality of life and no adverse effects were reported by the participants after 6 weeks supplementation.
Antiepileptic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of basil in mice

Introduction: Epilepsy has been always considered as one of the most prevalent disorders of nervous system and despite various drugs available, there are still some patients who have drug resistance. In traditional medicine, basil (Ocimum basilicum) has been used in treating epilepsy. To achieve an effective antiepileptic drug with few side effects, the antiepileptic effect of O. basilicum was investigated in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epilepsy model. Methods: In this experimental research, 48 laboratory female mice (for removing gender factor) were designated in 6 equal groups. The experimental groups comprised control, sham, and four treatment groups receiving the extract at 100, 250, 300, and 350 mg/kg doses (intraperitoneally; ip), 65 minutes before PTZ injection and the factors of epilepsy symptoms and the symptoms frequency were studied. Results: The obtained results of using different doses (100, 250, 300, 350 mg/kg) of the extract indicated that the mice in 100 mg/kg dose group exhibited the highest frequency of epileptic attacks. The samples receiving the extract at 100 and 250 mg/kg doses exhibited the highest and lowest frequency of myoclonic twitches, respectively. In the group treated with 250 mg/kg dose, the symptoms of epilepsy, frequency of epilepsy, and mortality rate respectively increased, decreased, and decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: By the obtained results, the hydroalcoholic extract of O. basilicum at 250 mg/kg dose could be recommended as an effective drug for preventing epilepsy in the animal model.
Staple strength in crossbred wool : the sensible solution

Two methods for measuring staple strength in crossbred wool are compared. One measures the force to break a staple with a cross-sectional area at the point of break equivalent to 2 ktex linear density (Method 1). The other measures the force to break a weight of wool (Method 2). Covariate analysis between breeds with very different wool characteristics suggests that fibre diameter and medullation may bias staple strength depending on the measurement technique, yet differences in loose wool bulk at a common diameter create no such bias. The small differences in these characteristics which exist between lines of New Zealand Romney sheep selected on the basis of staple strength, (using Method l), do not appear to bias the measurement. It is proposed that strength measured by cross-sectional area should be referred to as “staple tenacity” and that “staple strength” should be reserved for strength measured using the weight of wool.
What Drives the NAIRU? Evidence from a Panel of OECD Countries

This paper analyses the determinants of structural unemployment rates in a two-stage approach. First, time-varying NAIRUs are estimated for a panel of OECD economies on the basis of Phillips curve equations using Kalman filter techniques. In a second stage, the estimated NAIRUs are regressed on selected policy and institutional variables. As predicted by theoretical wage-setting/price-setting models, the level of the tax wedge and the user cost of capital are found to be important drivers of structural unemployment. Consistent with earlier studies, the level of product market regulation, union density and the unemployment benefit replacement rate also play an important role in explaining changes in the NAIRU although there is considerable variation in estimates across countries. Nonetheless, the set of structural variables provides a reasonable explanation of NAIRU dynamics over the period 1978-2003, even though recent decreases are better explained than the earlier surge. Quels determinants du NAIRU ? Evidence empirique a partir d'un panel de pays de l'OCDE Cette etude analyse les determinants du taux de chomage structurel par une approche en deux etapes. Premierement, des taux de chomage non inflationnistes (NAIRU) variables au cours du temps sont estimes sur la base de courbes de Phillips en utilisant les techniques de type filtre de Kalman. Dans une seconde etape, les NAIRUs estimes sont regresses sur une selection de variables institutionnelles et de politique economique. Conformement aux predictions theoriques de modeles de type WS PS «wage-setting/pricesetting », le niveau du coin fiscal et le cout d’usage du capital et apparaissent comme des determinants-cles du chomage structurel. Conformement aux etudes precedentes, le niveau de reglementation sur le marche de biens, l’implantation syndicale et le taux de remplacement des allocations chomage jouent egalement un role important dans l’explication des variations du NAIRU bien qu'il y ait des differences considerables d’un pays a l’autre dans les resultats. Neanmoins, cet ensemble de variables structurelles s’averent avoir une capacite predictive de la dynamique du NAIRU relativement elevee sur la periode 1978-2003, meme si la phase recente de reflux est mieux expliquee que la hausse prealable.
Porous stainless steel for biomedical applications

Porous 316L austenitic stainless steel was synthesized by powder metallurgy with relative density of 0.50 and 0.30 using 15 and 30 wt. (%) respectively of ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate as foaming agents. The powders were mixed in a planetary ball mill at 60 rpm for 10 minutes. The samples were uniaxially pressed at 287 MPa and subsequently vacuum heat treated in two stages, the first one at 200 oC for 5 hours to decompose the carbonate and the second one at 1150 oC for 2 hours to sinter the steel. The sintered samples had a close porous structure and a multimodal pore size distribution that varied with the foaming agent and its concentration. The samples obtained by addition of 30 wt. (%) of foaming agents had a more homogeneous porous structure than that obtained with 15 wt. (%). The MTT cytotoxicity test (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was used to evaluate the mitochondrial activity of L929 cells with samples for periods of 24, 48, and 72 hours. The cytotoxicity test showed that the steel foams were not toxic to fibroblast culture. The sample with the best cellular growth, therefore the most suitable for biomedical applications among those studied in this work, was produced with 30 wt. (%) ammonium carbonate. In this sample, cell development was observed after 48 hours of incubation, and there was adhesion and spreading on the material after 72 hours. Electrochemical experiments using a chloride-containing medium were performed on steel foams and compared to massive steel. The massive steel had a better corrosion performance than the foams as the porosity contributes to increase the surface area exposed to the corrosive medium.
The biogeochemistry of nutrients, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a in the Catalan Sea (NW Mediterranean Sea)

Reference depth profiles of dissolved inorganic nutrients, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a are described for the Catalan Sea using quality controlled data. Phosphate, nitrate and silicate show typical nutrient profiles, with nutriclines at different depths. Maximums of nitrite, dissolved oxygen and occasionally ammonium are found within the photic zone, close to the deep chlorophyll maximum. In intermediate waters we found a minimum of dissolved oxygen coincident with maximum concentrations of phosphate and nitrate. Ammonium concentration is unexpectedly high in the mesopelagic zone, where there are still measurable nitrite concentrations. The origin of such high ammonium and nitrite concentrations remains unclear. We also identify and describe anomalous data and profiles resulting from eutrophication, western Mediterranean Deep Water formation and dense shelf water cascading. The N:P ratio in deep waters is 22.4, which indicates P limitation relative to the Redfield ratio. However, the N:P ratio above the deep chlorophyll maximum in stratified surface waters is < 4 (< 8 including ammonium). The depth profiles of key biogeochemical variables described in this study will be a useful reference for future studies in the Catalan Sea (NW Mediterranean Sea) in order to validate data sampled in this area, to identify anomalous processes, and to study the evolution of the ecosystem following the undergoing global change.
Last Glacial Maximum temperatures over the North Atlantic , Europe and western Siberia : a comparison between PMIP models , MARGO sea – surface temperatures and pollen-based reconstructions

Evaluating the ability of models to simulate climates different from the modern one is important for climate prediction. Here we present a first comparison between results from simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum climate and continental and surface ocean reconstructions for the North Atlantic, Europe and western Siberia. The simulations include prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) and slab-ocean atmospheric general circulation model runs performed within the PMIP1 project, and atmosphere–ocean fully coupled runs performed after PMIP1 and within the PMIP2 project. The surface ocean reconstructions are from the MARGO project. Continental reconstructions are based on pollen data. Over the North Atlantic, most models simulate the strengthening of the SST meridional gradient suggested by the reconstructions, but most do not reproduce the LGM–control SST anomaly at the right location, nor with the right amplitude. Over western Siberia, the model results are much improved when a new ice-sheet reconstruction (ICE-5G) is used to force the models. The main discrepancy remains for western Europe winter temperatures, for which LGM–control anomalies are significantly underestimated by all models. All models indicate that this region during the LGM experienced significantly higher interannual variability in coldest-month temperatures compared to the control runs. This increased variability could have conspired to bias the apparently extremely cold pollen-based temperature reconstructions. Crown Copyright r 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. e front matter Crown Copyright r 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ascirev.2006. 02.010 ing author. Tel. : +331 69 08 87 06. ess: Masa.Kageyama@cea.fr (M. Kageyama).
Investing with Prejudice: The Relationship between Women's Presence on Company Boards and Objective and Subjective Measures of Company Performance

This paper presents a comprehensive archival examination of FTSE 100 companies in the period 2001–2005, focusing on the relationship between the presence of women on company boards and both accountancy-based and stock-based measures of company performance. Consistent with work by Adams, Gupta and Leeth this analysis reveals that there was no relationship between women's presence on boards and ‘objective’ accountancy-based measures of performance (return on assets, return on equity). However, consistent with ‘glass cliff’ research there was a negative relationship between women's presence on boards and ‘subjective’ stock-based measures of performance. Companies with male-only boards enjoyed a valuation premium of 37% relative to firms with a woman on their board. Results support claims that women are found on the boards of companies that are perceived to be performing poorly and that their presence on boards can lead to the devaluation of companies by investors. Yet the findings also indicate that perceptions and investment are not aligned with the underlying realities of company performance.
The impact of corporate governance on the social and environmental information disclosure of Malaysian listed banks: panel data analysis

This study investigates the impact of corporate governance on social and environmental information disclosure of Malaysian listed banks by using a panel data analysis. Good corporate governance is proxied by board leadership structure, board composition, board size, director ownership, institutional ownership and block ownership. Social and environmental information disclosure index is developed and content analysis is conducted by cross checking between the social and environmental information disclosed in the annual reports and the disclosure index developed by the researcher. The disclosure score used in this study is weighted disclosure score after considering the opinions of accountants and financial analysts who represent preparers and users of the accounting information respectively. The findings show that smaller board size, higher percentage of independent directors (1%) on the board, higher board size (1%), higher percentage of director ownership, lower institutional and lower block ownership (5%) have higher information disclosure.
Diagnostic potentiality of fractionated antigenof Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from gold fish,Carassius auratus (Linn.)

With the aim of isolating purified antigens of extra cellular products (ECP) ofA. hydrophila that might be exploited for early sero-diagnosis, bacteria wasisolated from ulcerative lesions of gold fish. Polypeptide profile of ECP of A.hydrophila showed 12 bands having molecular weight in the range of 22 – 55kDa in SDS-PAGE analysis. Fractionation (By DEAE-cellulose) and serologi-cal characterization of ECP were subsequently performed. One of thefractionated antigen (D1) possessing mainly of 45 kDa polypeptide revealedsero-reactivity with A. hydrophila antiserum having no cross-reactivecomponent(s) with related bacterial antigens, viz. Vibrio harveyi, V.alginolyticus and Pseudomonas fluorescence. Hence, 45 kDa polypeptide of ECPof A. hydrophila showing potentiality of sero-diagnosis should be given dueattention.
Correlation of tumor thickness with occult neck nodes in buccal and oral tongue early squamous-cell carcinomas

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of occult neck nodes and their relationship with tumor thickness in early squamous-cell carcinomas (SCCs) of buccal and oral tongue. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and pathology reports of 77 previously untreated patients of SCCs of the oral cavity (44 buccal & 33 oral tongue) who underwent tumor excision surgery between July 2012 and June 2015. Patients with early lesions (T1 and T2) with clinically negative neck were included and their clinicopathological features, number of occult neck nodes and their correlation with tumor thickness were analyzed. Results: Occult neck nodes were found in 27 patients (46% buccal and 27% oral tongue). In both groups, chances of occult neck disease increased, when the thickness of tumor reached 5 mm or above. Similarly 5 mm was the minimum tumor thickness in both groups in which occult nodes were found up to level III of neck in contrast to level I and II in ≤4 mm lesions. Conclusion: Tumor thickness of ≥5 mm is significantly associated with occult neck nodes in both early buccal and oral tongue SCCs. Elective neck dissection should be done in such cases.