Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing structural uncertainty in health economic decision models: a discrepancy approach

Summary. Healthcare resource allocation decisions are commonly informed by computer model predictions of population mean costs and health effects. It is common to quantify the uncertainty in the prediction due to uncertain model inputs, but methods for quantifying uncertainty due to inadequacies in model structure are less well developed. We introduce an example of a model that aims to predict the costs and health effects of a physical activity promoting intervention. Our goal is to develop a framework in which we can manage our uncertainty about the costs and health effects due to deficiencies in the model structure. We describe the concept of ‘model discrepancy’: the difference between the model evaluated at its true inputs, and the true costs and health effects. We then propose a method for quantifying discrepancy based on decomposing the cost‐effectiveness model into a series of subfunctions, and considering potential error at each subfunction. We use a variance‐based sensitivity analysis to locate important sources of discrepancy within the model to guide model refinement. The resulting improved model is judged to contain less structural error, and the distribution on the model output better reflects our true uncertainty about the costs and effects of the intervention.
Maternal Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices towards Prevention and Management of Child Diarrhoea in Urban and Rural Maseru, Lesotho

Aim: To compare the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers in the prevention and management of child diarrhoea, in rural and urban settings of Maseru. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Domiciliary (Urban) and Tlali (Rural) Health centres in Maseru, within the period of February to May, 2017. Data was collected from 458 mothers/caregivers, with 299 (65%) and 159 (35%) from urban and rural settings respectively. Scores were assigned for the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices. STATA 14.1 was applied to determine the strengths of associations between categories of the maternal characteristics and the outcome variables. Results: Aggregation of participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices response reveal a statistical significant association with residence. The maternal age range of 30-39 years, P = . 03, and mothers with three (3) children, P = . 02 were significantly associated with the knowledge of prevention and management of diarrhoea in the rural area. In the urban area, mothers with tertiary education, P = . 04, employed, P = . 001, unemployed, P = . 004, and all categories of monthly income were significantly associated with the knowledge of prevention and management of diarrhoea. For the urban setting, an association between mothers’ attitudes and monthly income between M500 – M1399, P = . 05 was observed. The practices of mothers/caregivers in the prevention and management of diarrhoea showed no significant differences in the light of the socio-demographic variables in both settings. Conclusion: The study revealed low level of maternal knowledge, attitudes and practices in prevention and management of child diarrhea in the rural and urban settings, hence the need to strengthen the existing health education messages on both settings.
The use of dehulled or fat-supplemented yellow lupin seeds in feeding growing pigs

Two methods of increasing the energy content of yellow lupin seeds for growing pigs were studied: (1) dehulling of seeds and (2) the addition of fat to diets containing lupin. An additional aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of lysine and methionine supplementation of lupin-containing feeds. Experiment I , lasting 39 days, was carried out on 25 barrows with an average body weight of 27 kg. Experiment I I was carried out on 25 barrows weighing from 30 to 100 kg. In both experiments, the animals were fed individually using isoprotein feed mixtures. Daily weight gain, feed utilization, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and, in experiment I I , carcass quality were determined. Supplementing lupin-containing mixtures with lysine and methionine increased daily weight gain by 10% and nitrogen retention by 21 % (Experiment I). The addition of fat to cereal-lupin diets led to 7.6% higher daily weight gains in Expteriment I (P < 0.05), and 14.2% higher gains in Experiment I I (P<0.01) over the entire period of the experiment. The use of deulled lupin seeds increased weight gain by 4.8% (P>0.05) in Expt. I and by 13.5% (P<0.01) in Expt. I I . It wasfound thatyellow lupin can completely replace soyabean oilmeal in the diets for pigs of over 30 kg body weight, under the condition that the diets are balanced in respect to lysine and methionine. The nutritive value of diets containing mostly barley and yellow lupin can be improved by adding fat or dehulling seeds.
Üstün Yetenekliler Eğitiminde Farklılaştırma: Temel Kavramlar, Modellerin Karşılaştırılması ve Öneriler

Ozel egitimde bireysel farkliliklara gore egitimin sekillenmesi olarak kabul goren farklilastirma, ozel egitim gereksinimi olan bireylerin bir grubu olan ustun yetenekli ogrenciler icin de kullanilmaktadir. Bu calismada, farklilastirmanin nasil kavramsallastirilacagi, farklilastirma ile ilgili kavramlar ve farklilastirma modelleri aciklanmistir. Ustun yeteneklilerin egitimi icin ortaya konan farklilastirma modellerinin (Maker Mufredat Farklilastirma Modeli (Maker, 1982), Paralel Mufredat Modeli (Tomlinson vd., 2002), Entegre Mufredat Modeli (VanTa ssel- Baska & Wood, 2009), Mufredat Daraltma Modeli (Reis ve Renzulli (1978) Reis ve Renzulli, 1978), Purdue Uc - Evre Modeli (Feldhusen & Kollof, 1986), Uclu Zenginlestirme Modeli (Renzulli, 1977), Ozerk Ogrenen Modeli (Betts, 1986), UYUKEP (Tortop, 2013, 2015), UYEP (Sak, 2009) karsilastirilmasi da bu calisma icerisinde yapilmistir. Ayrica farklilastirmada yasanan sorunlar ve bu sorunlara iliskin oneriler de sunulmustur.
Fairness of Strategic Resource Allocation, Team Commitment and Commitment to Implementing Strategy in Indonesian International Joint Ventures

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara keadilan alokasi sumber daya strategis, komitmen manajemen tim ke beberapa pihak, dan strategi perusahaan patungan internasional di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 113 perusahaan patungan internasional. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif antara keadilan alokasi sumber daya strategis dan komitmen tim untuk menerapkan strategi dimana komitmen tim bertindak sebagai mediator. Selain itu, keadilan alokasi sumber daya strategis mempunyai hubungan positif dengan komitmen tim dan strategi tim. Kata kunci: Keadilan Alokasi Sumber Daya Strategis, Komitmen Tim, Komitmen Implementasi Strategi, Perusahaan Patungan Internasional, Indonesia
Examining the Association of Religious Context with Giving to Non-Profit Organizations

Why do citizens in religious groups and more religious countries give money to charitable causes? In this article we aim to theoretically and empirically unravel the influence of religious composition on giving to non-profit organizations across countries. Building on theories and research in sociology, social psychology, and economics we formulate hypotheses about individual- and contextual-level differences in engagement in religious and secular charitable giving. We test our hypotheses with multi-level analyses using data from the European Social Survey that include 21 European countries complemented with matching data from the United States (N1 = 41,314; N2 = 22). The results show no relationship between country-level devoutness and engagement in religious or secular giving. We do find that citizens in countries with a higher level of religious heterogeneity are more likely to engage in religious giving but not secular giving. We test two explanations for the relationship between giving and religious heterogeneity. We find support for the minority hypothesis that people belonging to a religious minority have a higher likelihood of giving but not for the group size hypothesis that the relative size of the religious denomination to which people belong to decreases their engagement in charitable giving.
GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS AND BIOMASS ACCUMULATIONS OF ACACIA MANGIUM UNDER DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN INDONESIA

samples were collected in 3-, 5-, 8- and 10-year-old plantations in West Java, and in 2.5-, 5.5-, 8.5- and 10.5-yearold plantations in South Sumatra. About 15 trees were sampled from each stand. Tree growth characteristics were evaluated for both sites. Specific wood density in unthinned plantation was higher than in thinned plantation. Proportion of stem biomass in thinned plantation was constant during thinning period and thereafter slightly increased with age, whereas leaf biomass decreased. In unthinned plantation, proportion of stem biomass increased with age, while leaf biomass drastically decreased when competition occurred in the young stage but became relatively constant thereafter. Allometric equations were developed for each site to estimate root, stem, branch, leaf, aboveground and total biomass and stem volume. Using these equations, the stem volume and biomass of each component for each stand age were estimated. A single allometric relationship for all sites was found just for estimation of root biomass and stem volume. Therefore, the use of site-specific equation is recommended. According to the optimum productivity values, longer rotation is available to enhance wood quality and wood utilization for thinned plantation in West Java. A rotation of six and eight years is recommended to maximize biomass accumulation and benefits respectively for unthinned plantation in South Sumatra.
SEM-EDX Pigment Analysis and Multi-Analytical Study of the Ground and Paint layers of Francesco Fedrigazzi's painting from Kostanje

Francesco Fedrigazzi, peintre d'origine venitienne, etait actif en Istrie et en Dalmatie a la fin du 17eme et dans la premiere partie du 18eme siecle. Pendant la deuxieme decennie du 18eme siecle il a peint un retable pour l'eglise de Saint Michel a Kostanje. La peinture a ete successivement retiree de l'eglise et deposee dans les combles de la maison paroissiale. Les conditions defavorables de conservation ont engendre des degradations importantes. Une partie de la these de maitrise de l'auteur etait l'analyse stratigraphique et compositionnelle de la preparation et des couches picturales, en utilisant plusieurs techniques. Dans le Departement de la conservation-restauration a l'Academie des Beaux-Arts de l'Universite de Split des analyses de fluorescence UV et d'imagerie numerique radiographique ont ete conduites. Microscopie electronique a balayage et l'analyse dispersive en energie (MEB-EDX) ont ete executees en Istrie par le Centre de recherche des materiaux METRIS. Ces analyses ont permis la comprehension approfondie de la technique picturale de Fedrigazzi et ont mis en evidence les pigments qu'il avait utilises.
COMPETITION, MORTALITY, AND DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL PATTERNS IN TWO CANTABRIAN POPULATIONS OF FAGUS SYLVATICA L. (FAGACEAE)

In this paper the spatial patterns of size and mortality of European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) were analy sed in two deciduous forest plots of Northern Spain. i general terms, radial growth of F. sylvatica yields a direct relationship with size and an inverse relation with intraspecific competition while tree mortality seems be related to intraspecific competition. In the overall even-aged population, a lack of a recognisable structure in tree-size distribution, a small-scale regularity of survivors, and a regular pattern of dominant trees was noticed. This is a consequence of intense intraspecific competition at local level. In the old-growth plot, the wide repulsion between small and large beeches yields a specific spatial structure in tree-size distribution, showing even-sized groups of trees in different stages. Mortality in this plot occurs mainly within the dense group of small trees, which produces a broad regular pattern among the live beech trees. The random spatial pattern of dominant beeches seems to be characteristic of old-growth forests and could be a consequence of either self-thinning processes or exogenous factors.
Institutions and Democracy in Russia (a critical view)

The relationship between democracy – operationalized through (i) competitive elections, (ii) the rule of law and (iii) the legitimacy of the law in terms of its correspondence to everyday practices – and stability of socio-economic development – operationalized through volatility of annual GDP growth rates – is explored. Fullfledged democracy appears associated with more steady development. Several “democratic stabilizers”, including policies of risk-sharing, are discussed. An in-depth case study of a non-democratic institutional arrangement in Russia suggests that rapid economic growth observed in this country since 1999 may not be stable in the middle- and long run. Both quantitative (the Freedom House, the World Bank and the US Agency for International Development datasets) and qualitative (interviews with Russian state officials) data covering the period from 1995 to 2005 are used in the analysis.
Optimization of Process Parameters in FDM Process Using Design of Experiments

Design of experiments (DOE) is a methodology based on statistics and other disciplines for arriving at an efficient and effective planning of experiments with a view to obtain valid conclusions from the analysis of experimental data. Design of Experiments determines the pattern of observations to be made with a minimum of experimental efforts. DOE process is implemented to FDM process to optimize the processing time. In this study three process parameters at three levels are selected. Using full factorial design totally 27 experiments are required. Using design of experiments and orthogonal array the total number of experiments are reduced to 9. Therefore the optimum processing time will be obtained in these 9 experiments. Thus 9 experiments are conducted and the experimental data obtained from the experimental trails are analyzed using S/N ratio and ANOVA analysis.
Estimating the Effects of Interest Rates on Share Prices Using Multi-scale Causality Test in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Turkey

This paper examines the impacts of changes in interest rates on stock returns by using wavelet analysis with Granger causality test. Financial time series in non-coherent markets should be analyzed by advanced methods capturing complexity of the markets and non-linearities in stock returns. As a semi-parametric method, wavelets analysis might be superior to detect the chaotic patterns in the non-coherent markets. By using daily closing values of the ISE 100 Index and compounded interest rates, it is proven that and starting with 9 days time-scale effect interest rate is granger cause of ISE 100 index and the effects of interest rates on stock return increases with higher time-scales. This evidence shows that bond market has significant long-term effect on stock market for Turkey and traders should consider long-term money markets changes as well as short-term changes.
Economic and Sociocultural Aspects of Cowrie Currency of the Dagaaba of Northwestern Ghana Aspects

The cowrie currency, the dominant medium of exchange in Ghana before the introduction of the West African Pound and, later, the Cedi, is now merely a vestigial relic in virtually all of modern Ghana except among the Dagaaba. This paper provides an insider's perspective on the economic importance and on the unique role of the cowrie currency among the Dagaaba that explains its perpetual presence. Cultural uses create a derived demand for cowries. Government policies result in debasement of the cedi and, together with monetary characteristics of the cowrie, lead to competition between the cedi and the cowrie.
The Application of Principal Components Analysis to Recognize Essential Physical Fitness Components among Youth Development Archers of Terengganu, Malaysia

Objectives: To numerous individuals, archery is not generally seen as a sport demanding high levels of fitness in spites of long hours it takes during training and competition. Nonetheless, archers need to achieve a specific level in various aspects of fitness to permit them to perform the activity of shooting with exactness and have the capacity to repeat the activities without exhaustion. Determining the essential fitness attributes could help archers to reduce their long training hours by paying attention to the most mattered components. This study aims to identify the most essential physical fitness components needed for successful performance of archery. Methods/Statistical Analysis: A total of 17 youth archers with mean age ± 16.9 were repeatedly measured on basic physical fitness components, their scores were recorded, and Principle Components Analysis (PCA) was utilised to ascertain the most essential variables. Findings: The initial PCA identifies two components with higher Eigen value (>1). Moreover, PCA after varimax rotation indicates two components containing four and two varifacators (VF). The First VF revealing age (-0.69), BM1 (-0.71), 1 Minute sit-ups (0.75) and Predicted VO2max (0.78) recognising the need for endurance while, the second VF discloses V-sit and reach (0.75) and Maximum push-ups (0.76) identifying the requirement for upper muscular strength in the game. Application/ Improvement: The current study has successfully identified the most needed physical fitness variables in the productive performance of archery game.
Effect of miR-125b on dermal papilla cells of goat secondary hair follicle

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs that regulate various biological processes. miR-125b is a miRNA that has been reported to be critical for hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis and development. We identified that the expression of miR-125b varies during an individual hair cycle (anagen, catagen, and telogen) in the skin of cashmere goats. We constructed a gain model (by overexpressing miR-125b) and a loss model (by inhibiting endogenous miR-125b) based on dermal papilla cells (DPCs) to further investigate the role of miR-125b in HF cycle. In addition, we used a dual-luciferase system to highlight the predicated target genes of miR-125b. Results: We found that miR-125b affects the expression of FGF5, IGF-1, SHH, TNF-α, MSX2, LEF-1, FGF7, NOGGIN, BMP2, BMP4, TGF-β1, and β-catenin. The dual-luciferase assay further validated a direct interaction between miR-125b and FGF5 and TNF-α. Conclusion: miR-125b affects the expression levels of genes related to hair cycle and may also play a critical role in regulating the periodic development of HF.
Technology Di ↵ usion : Measurement , Causes and Consequences

This chapter discusses di↵erent approaches pursued to explore three broad questions related to technology di↵usion: what general patterns characterize the di↵usion of technologies, and how have they changed over time; what are the key drivers of technology, and what are the macroeconomic consequences of technology. We prioritize in our discussion unified approaches to these three questions that are based on direct measures of technology.
Eating disorders and anxiety among high school students in Western area of Turkey

Background Eating disorders (ED) are the one of the most common chronic illness among adolescents. The aim of the present study was to investigate eating disorders and it's associations between anxiety among high school students in Sivrihisar in Eskisehir, Turkey. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the high school students of center of Sivrihisar between 01 January 2014 and 28 February 2014. The questionnaire prepared according to literature, consisting of 3 parts (socio-demographic characteristics, eating attitude test (EAT-40) and beck anxiety inventory (BAI)). The students completed questionnaire in the presence of a member of the research team. The data collected were self-reported by the students. Results: Of the study group 64.4% (n=625) were females and 35.6% (n=345) were males. The prevalence of eating disorder was 13.0% (n=126). The mean and standard deviation of students' total score of EAT-40 were 18.80±9.88 (ranged 3 to 95). The mean and standard deviation of students' total score of BAI were 20.32±12.32 (ranged 0 to 63). The positive weak correlation was found between the total scores of EAT-40 and BAI (r=0.178; p=0.001). Conclusions: ED is an important health problem for adolescents. On the studies upon epidemiology of ED towards high school students, socio-economic factors should be assessed in more detailed and more comprehensive perspective.
Spatially variable corn yield is a weak predictor of optimal nitrogen rate

Historically, a mass-balance approach (yield goal times a factor) has been the dominant method for making N fertilizer rate recommendations. Although several states have moved away from the massbalance approach for N rate recommendations for corn (Zea mays L.), much of the effort that has gone into variable-rate N research has focused on combining spatial yield predictions with a mass-balance approach. Our objectives were to evaluate, at field scale, the relationship between spatially variable yield levels and economically optimal N fertilizer rates (EONR) and to evaluate the performance of yieldbased N rate recommendations. Eight experiments were conducted in three major soil areas (Mississippi delta alluvial, deep loess, claypan) over 3 yr. Treatments were field-length strips of discrete N rates from 0 to 280 kg N ha 21 . Yield data were partitioned into 20-m increments and a quadratic-plateau function was used to describe yield response to N rate for each 20-m yield cell. The EONR varied much more widely than did plateau yield. Yield level explained on average only 15% of the variability in EONR. Averaged over the eight fields, variable application of mass-balance-based N rates based on actual yields would have increased yield by only 31 kg ha 21 , and profit by $2 ha 21 , relative to uniform mass-balance N rates based on field average yields. In comparison, variable-rate application of EONR would have increased profit by an average of $38 ha 21 . Of this, $14 ha 21 could have been obtained by uniform application of the median optimal N rate for each field. We conclude that although we observed considerable spatial variability in optimal N rates, this was due mainly to variations in soil N supply and N uptake efficiency, rather than to variations in crop demand for N. Yield variability appears to be at best a small part of the information that must be used to make successful variable-rate N recommendations for corn.
EFFECT OF BODY POSITION AND TYPE OF STRETCHING ON HAMSTRING FLEXIBILITY

Background and objective: Stretching exercise protocols, as part of outpatient treatment or home exercise programs, are used to improve muscle flexibility. So, the aim of the study was to examine the body position effect (standing and supine) and dynamic range of motion (DROM) stretching technique on hamstring flexibility. Material and Methods: Seventy five subjects with decreased flexibility of hamstring (defined as ≥30° loss of active knee extension, from 90°hip flexion position), participants were randomly assigned to one of three equal groups. The first group performed static stretch from standing for 30 sec. The second group performed static stretch from supine for 30 sec. The third group performed DROM stretch. The stretching procedure conducted three times per week for four weeks. Results: There was a significant increase in the knee extension range of motion for standing, supine and DROM stretch (p 0.05). Conclusion: Both standing and supine stretches displayed improvement in the hamstring flexibility, and both of them produced higher improvement than DROM stretch during hamstring flexibility training