Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perineural infusion of local anesthetics.

CONTINUOUS nerve blockade is the only available mediumto long-term modality that blocks evoked pain (e.g., by knee flexion after knee surgery). In addition to the humanitarian and economical aspects of effective pain management, it is not surprising that improved and faster rehabilitation after surgery, such as knee arthroplasty, have been demonstrated. Furthermore, decreased nausea and vomiting and increased patient satisfaction are consequences of continuous peripheral nerve blocks (CPNBs), whereas other interesting concepts, such as improved rehabilitation and decreased incidence of postsurgery chronic pain syndromes, are currently receiving attention. The use of continuous peripheral nerve block for outpatient ambulatory surgery is a growing trend countrywide and worldwide, and the positive economic implications and impact of these promise to be enormous. Three techniques have been proposed to place perineural catheters: the nonstimulating catheter technique, the stimulating catheter technique, and ultrasound-aided catheter placement. A fourth technique, which is no longer used, is the periarterial placement of axillary catheters under direct vision after cut-down during local anesthesia. This author placed continuous axillary blocks with this technique for patients with war injuries to their arms and hands in 1974–1975 during the Angola Civil War. The stimulating catheter technique is probably more difficult and time-consuming to perform than the nonstimulating catheter technique. Whereas its primary block success rate probably equals that of the nonstimulating catheter technique, its secondary block success rate can be expected to be around 100%, versus approximately 65–85% with nonstimulating catheters. The use of ultrasound for CPNB placement is not yet well established and is currently undergoing extensive preliminary evaluation.
The Software Piracy Decision-Making Process of Chinese Computer Users

Drawing on Jones's ethical model and Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, this study proposes and tests an integrative model for the decision-making process underlying software piracy. Survey data collected from computer users in Guangzhou, China, in accordance with two software piracy scenarios under study—end user piracy and software counterfeiting—provide general support for the model. Consistent with major propositions of the theory of planned behavior, the findings show that Chinese computer users’ perceived moral intensity of software piracy significantly affects their corresponding moral recognition, judgment, and intention in both scenarios. Moreover, a direct influence of moral judgment on attitude toward software piracy is found in both scenarios. With regard to end-user piracy specifically, the findings further echo the theory of planned behavior by demonstrating a direct influence of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on intention to pirate. As in the case of software counterfeiting, the findings, however, show that only attitude and subjective norm but not perceived behavioral control significantly influence this intention. Implications derived from this study suggest the potential to synthesize ethical and general social psychological concepts to explain software piracy behavior, and also furnish insights on how to deter software piracy in China.
Scalable Channel Allocation and Access Scheduling for Wireless Internet-of-Things

Wireless communication channels are a scarce resource shared among multiple users in either scheduled or randomized fashions. We challenge a few design aspects of the widely used IEEE 802.11 MAC in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), such as the use of RTS, CTS, and ACK handshaking and the binary exponential backoff mechanisms, and argue that these key mechanisms incur high channel overhead and cannot effectively eliminate hidden terminal problems in multi-hop scenarios. Instead, we propose a set of efficient grid-based channel allocation and access scheduling algorithms using Latin squares, called as GAALS, for scalable WSNs with single-radio multi-channel communication capabilities. Using nodal location information and forming grids over the WSN deployment area, GAALS maps Latin squares to the grids, and dynamically assigns multiple channels to the WSN grids for channel access scheduling purposes. The fairness and scalability of GAALS are analyzed and evaluated in multiflow multihop WSNs with multi-channel capabilities. The results show that GAALS achieves much better performance than other multichannel protocols.
Clinical evaluation of arthroscopic-assisted allograft meniscal transplantation.

INTRODUCTION A meniscal deficient knee is at risk of early degenerative osteoarthritis. Allograft meniscal transplantation has been used to treat the meniscus deficiency to alleviate pain symptoms and to delay progression to arthritis. This case series aims to assess the postoperative outcomes of patients who have undergone meniscal allograft transplantation in our hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a prospective clinical review of prospectively collected data of our Meniscal Transplantation Programme from 2004 to 2007. Twelve meniscal allografts were implanted in 12 males with symptomatic knees, using arthroscopically assisted techniques. Preoperative and postoperative assessments were conducted using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Tegner Activity Level Scale, Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, and 2000 International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scoring systems. RESULTS The mean age was 26.7 years with a mean follow-up of 17 months (range, 5 to 37). The VAS score for pain improved from 5.5 (3- 10) to 1.4 (0-2) [P <0.05], Tegner from 3 (2-5) to 5.9 (3-9) [P <0.05], Lysholm from 62.5 (27-88) to 88.6 (70-100) [P <0.05], IKDC Subjective Score from 50 (24-79) to 79.5 (56-95) [P <0.05]. Overall IKDC Knee Examination Grades revealed 10 nearly normal and 2 abnormal scores. CONCLUSIONS This is the first series of allograft meniscal transplantation from Southeast Asia. Patient outcome evaluation via VAS, Tegner Activity Level Scale, Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale and 2000 IKDC Knee Evaluation Form showed improvement in symptoms and knee function after implantation.
Perceived parental alcohol problems, internalizing problems and impaired parent - child relationships among 71 988 young people in Denmark.

AIMS To test the hypothesis that young people with perceived parental alcohol problems have poorer parent-child relationships and more emotional symptoms, low self-esteem, loneliness and depression than young people without perceived parental alcohol problems. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis using data from the Danish National Youth Study 2014, a web-based national survey. SETTING Denmark. PARTICIPANTS A total of 71.988 high school and vocational school students (aged 12-25, nested in 119 schools and 3.186 school classes) recruited throughout 2014. MEASUREMENTS Outcome variables included internalizing problems such as emotional symptoms, depression, self-esteem, loneliness and aspects of the parent-child relationship. The main predictor variable was perceived parental alcohol problems, including the severity of the perceived problems and living with a parent with alcohol problems. Control variables included age, sex, education, ethnicity, parents' separation and economic problems in the family. FINDINGS Boys and girls with perceived parental alcohol problems had statistically significant higher odds of reporting internalizing problems (e.g. frequent emotional symptoms: odds ratio (OR)= 1.58 for boys; 1.49 for girls) and poor parent-child relationships (e.g. lack of parental interest: OR = 1.92 for boys; 2.33 for girls) compared with young people without perceived parental alcohol problems. The associations were not significantly stronger for mother's alcohol problems or if the young person lived with the parent with perceived alcohol problems. CONCLUSION Boys and girls in secondary education in Denmark who report perceived parental alcohol problems have significantly higher odds of internalizing problems and poorer parent-child relationships compared with young people without perceived parental alcohol problems.
Obesity in Scotland: A bad diet or bad supermarket promotions?

Context : Scotland has some of the highest rates of obesity in Europe. It also has a diet high in calorie-dense food mainly purchased in supermarkets. Objective: This paper investigates the role of supermarket promotions on consumption of healthy/ unhealthy food in Scotland using Kantar Worldpanel data recording weekly purchases of over 3,000 households over ten-year period (2006-2015). Design: This study combines three large datasets to address important questions relating to the effect of supermarketpromotions on purchases among socioeconomic classifications of food consumers.The food consumption data are combined with socioeconomic characteristics of households obtained from the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation and the UK FSA Nutrient Profiling to assess the impact of promotions on purchases of healthy/ unhealthy food. Subsequent analysis will be undertaken to apply the approach to the consumption of all food. Results: The preliminary results are presented from an on-going study and show that the consumption of breakfast cereals is less healthy in 2015 compared to 2006. A decrease in full price purchases and an increase in promotion type price reduction has been found across all SIMD groups. Conclusion: The results after a regression will give implication on how the purchases of healthy/ unhealthy foods are influenced through promotion types in supermarkets. Acknowledgement : I want to acknowledge the financial support of the Scottish Rural College (SRUC) in Edinburgh and the Bournmouth University for the BU Matched funding scheme.
THE ACS LCID PROJECT: ON THE ORIGIN OF DWARF GALAXY TYPES—A MANIFESTATION OF THE HALO ASSEMBLY BIAS?

We discuss how knowledge of the whole evolutionary history of dwarf galaxies, including details on the early star formation events, can provide insight on the origin of the different dwarf galaxy types. We suggest that these types may be imprinted by the early conditions of formation rather than only being the result of a recent morphological transformation driven by environmental effects. We present precise star formation histories of a sample of Local Group dwarf galaxies, derived from color–magnitude diagrams reaching the oldest main-sequence turnoffs. We argue that these galaxies can be assigned to two basic types: fast dwarfs that started their evolution with a dominant and short star formation event and slow dwarfs that formed a small fraction of their stars early and have continued forming stars until the present time (or almost). These two different evolutionary paths do not map directly onto the present-day morphology (dwarf spheroidal versus dwarf irregular). Slow and fast dwarfs also differ in their inferred past location relative to the Milky Way and/or M31, which hints that slow dwarfs were generally assembled in lower-density environments than fast dwarfs. We propose that the distinction between a fast and slow dwarf galaxy primarily reflects the characteristic density of the environment where they form. At a later stage, interaction with a large host galaxy may play a role in the final gas removal and ultimate termination of star formation.
The Analysis of Local Potential in BUM Desa Empowering in Desa Lembengan, Kecamatan Ledokombo, East Java

This research examines to know empowerment effort by local government. It focuses on social capital in society and new local potentials. This study use descriptive qualitative research. This research uses some data collection techniques such as observation, in depth interview, and documentation. Data are conducted through stages such as (1) data reduction, (2) presentation of data, (3) conclusion. The results through these stages can be credible. Then data triangulation technique is used during validation. This research result shows that empowerment of BUM Desa still less successful. In progress and implementation, BUM Desa in Lembengan in 2010-2017 has not contributed to local governance income significantly. This research finds the weak role of social capital of society such as commitment, trust, norm, social network to support BUM Desa empowerment in Lembengan. There are some BUM Desa business partners as new local potential that can be developed such as brick industry, petulo cracker industry, and tobacco industry.
The Great American Jobs Scam: Corporate Tax Dodging and the Myth of Job Creation

- Exposes how corporations receive big tax breaks and other taxpayer subsidies by saying they will create or retain jobs-but then fail to deliver - Shows how these job scams drain budgets for schools and other public services - Describes common-sense reforms to end these abusive practices and make economic development really work For the past 20 years, corporations have been receiving huge tax breaks and subsidies in the name of "jobs, jobs, jobs. " But, as Greg LeRoy demonstrates in this important new book, it's become a costly scam. Playing states and communities off against each other in a bidding war for jobs, corporations reduce their taxes to next-to-nothing and win subsidy packages that routinely exceed $100,000 per job. But the subsidies come with few strings attached. So companies feel free to provide fewer jobs, or none at all, or even outsource and lay people off. They are also free to pay poverty wages without health care or other benefits. All too often, communities lose twice. They lose jobs--or gain jobs so low-paying they do nothing to help the community--and lose revenue due to the huge corporate tax breaks. That means fewer resources for maintaining schools, public services, and infrastructure. In the end, the local governments that were hoping for economic revitalization are actually worse off. They're forced to raise taxes on struggling small businesses and working families, or reduce services, or both. Greg LeRoy uses up-to-the-minute examples, naming names--including Wal-Mart, Raytheon, Fidelity, Bank of America, Dell, and Boeing--to reveal how the process works. He shows how carefully corporations orchestrate the bidding wars between states and communities. He exposes shadowy "site location consultants" who play both sides against the middle, and he dissects government and corporate mumbo-jumbo with plain talk. The book concludes by offering common-sense reforms that will give taxpayers powerful new tools to deter future abuses and redirect taxpayer investments in ways that will really pay off.
Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Induced Proliferation of Astrocytes from Mature Brain Is Associated with Down‐Regulation of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein mRNA

Previous results from this laboratory have shown that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is mitogenic for bovine astrocytes in chemically defined (CO) medium. The maximum mitogenic response was detected with 200 U/ml at 48 h. We have now extended these studies to assess the effect of TNF on message levels for the intermediate filament proteins glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. The results have shown that, whereas TNF had only a slight effect on vimentin mRNA, TNF induced a marked decrease to 4.3 ± 2.0% of controls in GFAP mRNA which was both time and dose dependent. The lowest effective dose was 50 U/ml and the maximal effective dose was 200 U/ml. Kinetic analysis of this response demonstrated that a marked decrease in GFAP mRNA was present at 12 h and continued to decrease through 72 h. To determine the reversibility of the TNF effect, astrocyte cultures were exposed to 200 U/ml TNF for varying periods of tee and then cultured in fresh CD medium. A 1‐h pulse with TNF was sufficient to reduce GFAP mRNA levels when measured 24 h later. However, cultures incubated with 200 U/ml TNF for 48 h followed by incubation in CD medium without TNF for 7 days showed that GFAP mRNA levels had returned to 60% of the control values. Nuclear runoff assays showed that the effect of TNF on GFAP mRNA was at the posttranscriptional level. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of astrocyte cytoskeletal proteins demonstrated that GFAP levels were reduced after a 5‐day incubation with 200 U/ml TNF whereas protein levels of vimentin and actin were not significantly changed. Western blots confirmed that GFAP levels were reduced to 36% of the control values. Thus the effect of TNF on GFAP mRNA expression was not due to a generalized effect on intermediate filament metabolism.
The impact of entrepreneurial orientation and halal orientation toward organizational performance of micro-sized enterprises

This study investigates the impact of entrepreneurial orientation and halal orientation towards organizational performance among the micro-sized of food and beverages enterprises. Past literature showed a lesser amount of involvement of these enterprises that have been investigated so far towards their organizational performance. Therefore, this study aims to introduce and provide coverage related to entrepreneurial orientation and halal orientation among micro-sized enterprises. This study applies a quantitative method with a cross-sectional survey among the owners of the micro-sized enterprises located in the northern area of Kedah. Collection of data was done through a survey questionnaire via simple random sampling technique. The data were processed with SPSS (v.23). The results of reliability test and multiple regression analysis have shown that entrepreneurial orientation and halal orientation are indeed dissimilar in their effects on organization performance, but at the same time, they are connected to each other. It can be summarized that both of entrepreneurial orientation and halal orientation are important business strategies, but need to be investigated further. Since this is a pioneer study, more empirical works need to be done to clarify and generalize the population of micro-sized enterprises involve in halal F&B businesses in other states in Malaysia.
Identification of global systemically important stock exchanges

Research background: Increased regulations reducing systemic risk are essentially underpinned by the understanding of the global nature and sources of instability of the financial system. In the economic literature, there are many arguments presented by critical supporters and opponents of measuring and reporting global systemically important entities. Purpose of the article: In response to the requirements of regulators, the article seeks to identify systematically important regulated stock markets for selected global stock exchanges by developing a composite ratio. Additionally, it provides empirical evidence concerning their risk exploration. Methods: The proposed method uses weighted average values of indicators grouped in four categories: (1) market size, (2) cross-jurisdictional activity and interconnectedness, (3) substitutability, (4) complexity. The research covers stock exchanges, reported to WFE, spanning the period 2008–2017. Findings & Value added: The study finds that the problem of systemic risk on global stock exchanges is growing despite numerous prudential regulations. In order to obtain a more complete assessment of market systemic sensitivity, regulators should take into account a wider range of indicators and calculations such as cross-jurisdictional activity and market complexity.
Arthritis After Intravesical Instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin: A Patient With an Unusually Severe Clinical Course Treated With A Combined Anti-Inflammatory and Antimycobacterial Regimen.

To the Editor: A rthritis is a rare complication of intravesical instillation of Bacillus CalmetteGuerin (BCG), a live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis. Intravesical application of BCG is a well-established adjuvant therapy for higher risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer and bladder carcinoma in situ, playing an important role in the prophylaxis of tumor recurrence. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin exerts its effect by stimulating the reticuloendothelial system and a local inflammatory reaction including an initial granulocyte response followed by infiltration of lymphocytes. It is an attractive treatment option because of its effectiveness and a low incidence of serious adverse effects (observed in less than 5%). Systemic and osteomuscular adverse effects of BCG treatment may occur as a result of disseminated BCG infection (BCG-itis) or activation of the immune system (noninfectious reactive phenomena), analogous to the more commonly observed course and complications of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Arthralgias and arthritis have been reported in 0.5% of patients treated with intravesical BCG. Development of arthritis after BCG instillation represents a diagnostic challenge, since it is not always possible to distinguish BCG infection (BCG-itis) from reactive arthritis. Such an uncertainty raises the question of the right therapeutic approach: whether to introduce empirical antimycobacterial treatment or to treat the patient with anti-inflammatory medications only. We present a woman with asymmetric polyarthritis after 4 applications of intravesical BCG for the treatment of superficial urinary bladder carcinoma.We also discuss the approach to our patient's condition in light of the previously mentioned unclear distinction between infectious and reactive BCG arthritis and the dilemma of whether to start antimycobacterial treatment.
Proinflammatory Dietary Intake is Associated with Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer: Results of a Case-Control Study in Argentina Using a Multilevel Modeling Approach

ABSTRACT Little evidence regarding the inflammatory potential of diet and its effect on colorectal cancer exists in Latin American countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in Córdoba, Argentina. A frequency-matched case-control study (N = 446, including 144 (32.3%) CRC cases and 302 (67.7%) controls was conducted in Córdoba (Argentina) from 2008 through 2015. DII® scores were computed based on dietary intake assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multilevel logistic regression models were fit to evaluate the association between DII scores and CRC, following adjustment for age, body mass index, sex, energy intake, smoking habits, socio-economic status, physical activity, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as first-level covariates and level of urbanization as the contextual variable. Odds of colorectal cancer increased linearly with increasing DII scores (ORcontinuous 1.34; 95%CI 1.07 to 1.69 and ORtertile3 vs. tertile1 1.21; 95%CI 1.01 to 1.44). The association was stronger among men than women (ORcontinuous 1.29; 95%CI 1.21 to 1.37 vs. ORcontinuous 1.05; 95%CI 0.83 to 1.33, respectively). A proinflammatory diet, reflected by higher DII scores, was positively associated with colorectal cancer occurrence, mainly in men.