Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Antimicrobials' use in Pediatrics in Moradabad city

This study assesses the use of antibiotics in pediatric patients and also rationality & irrationality of prescriptions.The present study was a population based analytical epidemiological design in the settings of an urban population in Moradabad, (UP) India, during Jan 2009 to April 2009. The intended work can be divided into the following steps: by selecting the antibiotics prescribed prescription then divided the prescriptions according to the following criteria; category of antibiotic used, combination of antibiotic used, site of infection diagnosed & rationality and irrationality of prescriptions. It is important to determine and reduce the antibiotic use in children as it can cause resistance to antibiotics in them that can lead to different problems. The most common antibiotics prescribed in pediatric patients belong to the class of Quinolones (43.18%), among which Norfloxacin (28.95%) predominates. Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (40.74%) was the most frequently used antibiotic combination. It was concluded that maximum number of prescriptions were found rational based on considering the number of antibiotics per prescription and drug interaction, while irrational prescriptions were found to be less.
The relationship between work environment stress and marital happiness among software professionals

The aim of this research paper is to examine the relationship between marital happiness, profession and work environment. The participants in this research consist of 130 adults (65 software professionals and 65 non-software professionals) who are married and working. The age range was from 25-55 years old with a mean age of 38.49 years. In this study there were 73 (56.2%) male participants, 57 (43.8%) female participants. A survey method was used in this study and participants were required to complete the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and Employee survey. This study found that there is a significant relationship between work environment, profession and marital happiness, thus proving all hypotheses proposed in this study. The study found that software professionals experience more work environment stress and less marital happiness compared to non-software professionals.
Interannual snow accumulation variability on glaciers derived from repeat, spatially extensive ground-penetrating radar surveys

Abstract. There is significant uncertainty regarding the spatiotemporal distribution of seasonal snow on glaciers, despite being a fundamental component of glacier mass balance. To address this knowledge gap, we collected repeat, spatially extensive high-frequency ground-penetrating radar (GPR) observations on two glaciers in Alaska during the spring of 5 consecutive years. GPR measurements showed steep snow water equivalent (SWE) elevation gradients at both sites; continental Gulkana Glacier's SWE gradient averaged 115 mm 100 m−1 and maritime Wolverine Glacier's gradient averaged 440 mm 100 m−1 (over > 1000 m). We extrapolated GPR point observations across the glacier surface using terrain parameters derived from digital elevation models as predictor variables in two statistical models (stepwise multivariable linear regression and regression trees). Elevation and proxies for wind redistribution had the greatest explanatory power, and exhibited relatively time-constant coefficients over the study period. Both statistical models yielded comparable estimates of glacier-wide average SWE (1 % average difference at Gulkana, 4 % average difference at Wolverine), although the spatial distributions produced by the models diverged in unsampled regions of the glacier, particularly at Wolverine. In total, six different methods for estimating the glacier-wide winter balance average agreed within ±11 %. We assessed interannual variability in the spatial pattern of snow accumulation predicted by the statistical models using two quantitative metrics. Both glaciers exhibited a high degree of temporal stability, with ∼85 % of the glacier area experiencing less than 25 % normalized absolute variability over this 5-year interval. We found SWE at a sparse network (3 stakes per glacier) of long-term glaciological stake sites to be highly correlated with the GPR-derived glacier-wide average. We estimate that interannual variability in the spatial pattern of winter SWE accumulation is only a small component (4 %–10 % of glacier-wide average) of the total mass balance uncertainty and thus, our findings support the concept that sparse stake networks effectively measure interannual variability in winter balance on glaciers, rather than some temporally varying spatial pattern of snow accumulation.
Implementation of Mass Customization in a Furniture Manufacturing Plant: The Case of Shermag Inc.

Shermag Inc. is a major Canadian wood household furniture manufacturer, its main markets being the USA and Canada. Founded in 1977, the company applied successfully mass production concepts to gain market shares. Due to a changing business environment and increasing competition Shermag decided to improve its value offer by implementing a mass customization concept for its Canadian plants. The present paper describes the economic changes in the North American furniture industry. A mass customization model adapted to the furniture industry is introduced. The main challenges to implement mass customization in a mass production furniture company are highlighted based on the Shermag case study. Mass customization implementation was still ongoing at the time of editing the present paper, but Shermag's management agreed that it had a positive impact on production flexibility, inventory levels, daily scheduling and most importantly sales volume.
Optical characterization of chemically etched nanoporous silicon embedded in sol-gel matrix

Nanoporous (NPs) silicon fabricated by chemical etching process in HF acid was first separated in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent and then incorporated into SiO2 matrix. The matrix was prepared by sol gel process in which dimethylformamide (DMF) was used as drying chemical control additive (DCCA) to form crack-free dried sample. We examined the optical properties of NPs in three medium which are solvent, sol, and dried sol gel. Our observations reveal that absorption spectra of NPs silicon in THF are modified with respect to the spectra in sol gel. Significant stability in PL of NPs silicon in the sol gel is observed. Influence of matrix environment on peaks of NPs is also discussed. Surface morphology is characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) which shows that the NPs silicon in THF is similar to the sol gel but becomes aggregation particle to particle. Presence of Si nanoparticles in THF and sol is confirmed by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The NPs silicons have mono dispersive and high crystalline nature with spherical shape of around 5 nm in sizes.
Volatile Profile, Pigment Content, and In Vitro Radical Scavenging Activity of Flower, Thyme, and Fir Honeys Produced in Hellas

Results showed that the twenty-one honeys analyzed exhibited variations in volatile profile, pigment content and antioxidant activity depending on the floral source (p<0.05). Honey aroma was found to be the outcome of the combination of different class compounds, namely: carboxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, benzene derivatives, etc. The most pronounced aromas were recorded for flower honey, whereas fir honey possessed the highest pigment content and radical scavenging activity (p<0.05). In addition, specific volatiles (2-hydroxy-benzoic acid methyl ester, alpha-pinene, para-cymene, and delta-3-carene) were perfectly correlated (Pearson’s correlation coefficient r = 1) with radical scavenging activity (p<0.01).
Large sea ice outflow into the Nares Strait in 2007

Sea ice flux through the Nares Strait is most active during the fall and early winter, ceases in mid‐ to late‐winter after the formation of ice arches along the strait, and re‐commences after breakup in summer. In 2007, ice arches failed to form. This resulted in the highest outflow of Arctic sea ice in the 13‐year record between 1997 and 2009. The 2007 area and volume outflows of 87 × 103 km2 and 254 km3 are more than twice their 13‐year means. This contributes to the recent loss of the thick, multiyear Arctic sea ice and represents ∼10% of our estimates of the mean ice export at Fram Strait. Clearly, the ice arches control Arctic sea ice outflow. The duration of unobstructed flow explains more than 84% of the variance in the annual area flux. In our record, seasonal stoppages are always associated with the formation of an arch near the same location in the southern Kane Basin. Additionally, close to half the time another ice arch forms just north of Robeson Channel prior to the formation of the Kane Basin arch. Here, we examine the ice export with satellite‐derived thickness data and the timing of the formation of these ice arches.
The Masters' Control: How Ownership Structure Influences the Communication of Financial Ratios

This study analyses the effect of the attributes of ownership structure and corporate governance on financial ratios disclosure in Malaysian listed firms’ annual reports over two key periods, 2001 and 2006. Overall, the extent of financial ratios disclosure has significantly increased from 12.2 per cent to 15.0 per cent. The highest level of financial ratios disclosure is for the sub-categories of Profitability, Cash Flow and Share Market Measures, whereas there is less information reported for Capital Structure and Liquidity ratios. Further, the analysis shows that the institutional ownership negatively influences the financial ratios disclosure for 2001; and foreign ownership is positively associated with financial ratios disclosure in 2006. Interestingly, family ownership appears to have no significant influence on the disclosure in either period. Ownership concentration, on the other hand has a positive association with financial ratios disclosure in 2001; this is the opposite direction than hypothesised. In addition, the corporate governance attributes have also influenced the financial ratios disclosure in 2001. As for control variables, firm size and profitability are found to have a positive relationship with financial ratios disclosure for both years. These findings provide evidence that the attributes of ownership structure and the implementation of sound corporate governance reduce the information asymmetry between management and stakeholders and therefore, further enhance transparency.
OBSERVING PITCH GESTURES FAVORS THE LEARNING OF SPANISH INTONATION BY MANDARIN SPEAKERS

Abstract Recent studies on the learning of L2 prosody have suggested that pitch gestures can enhance the learning of the L2 lexical tones. Yet it remains unclear whether the use of these gestures can aid the learning of L2 intonation, especially by tonal-language speakers. Sixty-four Mandarin speakers with basic-level Spanish were asked to learn three Spanish intonation patterns, all involving a low tone on the nuclear accent. In a pre-post test experimental design, half of the participants received intonation training without the use of pitch gestures (the control group) while the other half received the same training but with pitch gestures representing nuclear intonation contours (the experimental group). Musical (melody, pitch) abilities were also measured. The results revealed that (a) the experimental group significantly improved intonational production outcomes, and (b) even though participants with stronger musical abilities performed better, those with weaker musical abilities benefited more from observing pitch gestures.
Identification of frequency changes in synoptic circulation types and consequences for glacier mass balance in Norway

The cumulative net mass balances of maritime glaciers in Norway display a net surplus during the period 1963–2000. The article seeks to establish the causal mechanisms that resulted in the positive net balances occurring on Norwegian maritime glaciers. To achieve this, a Temporal Synoptic Index (TSI) was derived for a 30-year period for a number of synoptic meteorological stations in Norway. The TSI is derived using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and subsequent clustering of component scores to classify days for both winter and summer seasons. Findings indicate that the occurrence of ‘warm’ type air masses during the summer months have increased in frequency, particularly since the late 1980s. A reduction in the frequency of ‘cold’ cluster types during the winter months is evident after this period, while the frequency of ‘warm’ types, with an increased moisture carrying capacity, has increased in frequency. The frequency occurrence of these key air mass types is shown to be significantly related to glacier mass balance during both the accumulation and ablation season. Winter air mass types from maritime source regions act to enhance accumulation and suppress ablation, while summer continental source types suppress accumulation and enhance ablation.
Dynamics on networks. Case of Heterogeneous Opinion Status Model

Here we developed a new conceptual, stochastic Heterogeneous Opinion-Status model (HOpS model), which is adaptive network model. The HOpS model admits to identify the main attributes of dynamics on networks and to study analytically the relation between topological network properties and processes taking place on a network. Another key point of the HOpS model is the possibility to study network dynamics via the novel parameter of heterogeneity. We show that not only clear topological network properties, such as node degree, but also, the nodes' status distribution (the factor of network heterogeneity) play an important role in so-called opinion spreading and information diffusion on a network. This model can be potentially used for studying the co-evolution of globally aggregated or averaged key observables of the earth system. These include natural variables such as atmospheric, oceanic and land carbon stocks, as well as socio-economic quantities such as global human population, economic production or wellbeing.
Quantitative evaluation of the importance of coordination on jump achievements and kinematics in human vertical squat jump

The effect of precise adjustment of muscle coordination on jump achievements and kinematics in human vertical squat jump（SQJ）was evaluated quantitatively using a musculoskeletal model and forward dynamics approach. In order to evaluate the effect of altered muscle coordination, an optimal solution muscle stimulation time was first found through an optimization method. The optimal stimulation time of muscles was systematically altered by the interval of 0.1 ms in the range±50 ms. It was found that jump performance critically depends on precise muscle control, especially in terms of inter-muscular coordination. The sensitivity of fine tuning the control of individual muscles was found to be correlated with maximum isometric muscle strength. The minimal time interval that significantly disrupted a SQJ performance amounted to less than 1 ms. It was found that intermuscular coordination is crucial in maximizing jump performance. Mutual coordination of mm. vasti and hamstrings ; m. gastrocnemius and m. rectus femoris ; m. adductor magnus and hamstrings ; m. gluteus maximus, m. adductor magnus and m. rectus femoris was found to be of great importance for jump achievement. The role of coordination of specific muscles in SQJ and possible implications of our findings to physical training have been discussed.
Gauge Theory of Gravity with Internal U (1) Symmetry and Unification of Gravitational and Electromagnetic Fields

There are difficulties with renormalizing quantum theories of gravity and unifying gravity with electromagnetic fields. In this article, we postulate the Precise Equivalence Principle (PEP) as a basic principle to establish effective gravitational theories. The PEP leads to a conclusion that gravitational fields are Abelian gauge fields with an internal Ug (1) symmetry. Next, we establish Gravitodynamics that predicts the existences of gravitomagnetic fields and gravitational waves. Moreover, we quantize Gravitodynamics and show that Quantum Gravitodynamics (QGD) is renormalizable. The QGD predicts: (1) the quantum of the gravitational fields, which we name Gravito-boson, carries energy and momentum, has zero rest mass hence zero gravitational charge; thus a gravitational field is not the source of itself; (2) Gravito-boson is a spin 1 particle which has two physically independent transverse polarizations and moves at a finite speed; (3) the existence of negative gravitational charges that repel the positive gravitational charges; (4) gravitational fields change Dirac particles’ effective rest mass. We unify Gravity with electromagnetic fields in the framework of gauge theory with internal Ug(1) × Ue(1) group. PACS: 04.20. CV,04.80. -y, 04.80. Cc
A Hospital Based Study on Anemia Prevalence in Children of an Indian Island

Background Anemia is a major public health problem in India, affects all age groups but children and women in childbearing age group are the most vulnerable. However, data from hospital patients of Indian islands are not available. We aimed to study the prevalence of anemia among children aged 2-12 years of age attending a tertiary care hospital (India). Materials and Methods A total of 444 children aged 2-12 years were enrolled in the study over six months from August 2015 to Jan 2016. A complete blood count was obtained by taking 2ml of blood using fully automated MINDRAY Hemat analyser-BC5800. Anemia was diagnosed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for the given age. The data was analyzed and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results Overall prevalence of anemia among the children 2-12 years of age was 32.21%. Severity wise, mild Anemia was the commonest (56.64%), while severe Anemia was rare. The prevalence of Anemia was slightly more among girls compared to boys although not statistically significant (p>0.05). Both Anemia and mean Hemoglobin (Hb) was significantly associated with age (p 0.05). Conclusion At current study, Anemia is common among the children of Andaman Nicobar (India), and affects boys and girls equally. Although mild anemia is very common, it remains asymptomatic and therefore goes unnoticed and untreated.
Relationship of stem water potential and leaf conductance to vegetative growth of young olive trees in a hedgerow orchard

In 2005, four irrigation treatments were applied to a 3-year-old cv. Cornicabra orchard. In T1, wetted soil volume was maintained close to field capacity by irrigating when soil sensors indicated that soil water potential in the root zone had fallen to –0.03 MPa and 0.06 MPa from spring until 15 August and from 15 August until September, respectively. On those days, 8, 6, 4, and 2 h of irrigation was applied to T1, T2, T3, and T4, so that over the season they received 106, 81, 76 and 31 mm of irrigation, respectively. The high value for T3 was the result of a valve failure on 13 June. Measurements were maintained throughout the experimental period of relative extractable water (REW) to 1 m depth at the wetted volume (0.30 m from a drip emitter), shoot length, trunk diameter, stem water potential (Ψstem) and leaf conductance (gl). The irrigation treatment significantly affected REW (P < 0.10), Ψstem, gl and vegetative growth (P < 0.05). Ψstem, and trunk diameter were the least variable parameters and Ψstem and shoot growth were the most sensitive to water stress. Although T1 received 24% more water than T2, no significant differences were detected in vegetative growth. T2 should be considered the optimum irrigation value. The mean monthly Kc for T2 was 0.086. The failure of the valve in T3 simulated a wet spring followed by limited irrigation. Irrigation applied was similar to T2 but shoot growth stopped one month earlier and lower values of Ψstem and gl were observed after mid August. REW was highly related to vegetative growth, 66% of maximum being achieved at REW 0.53 and 50% at 0.45. gl was independant of plant or soil water status and did not determine vegetative growth. A strong relationship established Ψstem as a good indicator of vegetative growth and hence of water stress. Shoot growth was 66% of maximum at Ψstem –1.5 MPa and 50% at –1.8 MPa.
Effect of Gaze Direction on Orienting of Attention in Patients with Schizophrenia: Attention or Social Cognition Deficit?

Introduction: the ability to use the gaze direction of another person to guide attention is part of a complex construct named Social Cognition. Schizophrenics showed impairments in domains of social cognition. Aim and objectives: the aim of this study was to investigate whether gaze cueing of attention is compromised in schizophrenic subjects. Materials and methods: we tested 18 schizophrenics and 18 controls who were presented with gaze and arrow cues in a modified version of the Posner’s spatial cueing paradigm. Results: The performance of schizophrenics was compromised when the cue is represented by the gaze rather than by the arrow. In fact, our results showed that two groups differ only for gaze condition both in reaction times (F1,34=61.557; p=0.0001) and number of errors (F1,34=6.39; p=0.002). Moreover, the correlation analysis showed that the Eyes Task negatively correlates with invalid condition when the cue was the gaze (r=-0.504, p=0.03). This result underlines the crucial relation between the emotional recognition capacity of the another person’s gaze and the orienting of attention capacity through the interpretation of other people’s gazes. These capacities seem to be precursors for good development of Social Cognition. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings suggest that schizophrenics showed a specific deficit in social attention, that is part of social cognition construct. Deficit in attention to gaze direction in patients with schizophrenia may contribute to interpersonal and social cognitive difficulties. Thus, the gaze interpretation ability can be considered as an important part in rehabilitation strategies for schizophrenics
Fiscal and Monetary Policy, Unfortunate Events, and the Sgp Arithmetics Evidence from a Growth-Gaps Model

The recent revision (March 2005) of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) has confirmed the 3% deficit/GDP ratio as the pillar of the excessive deficits procedure envisaged by the Maastricht Treaty for member countries of the EMU. Since the deficit/GDP ceiling is still in place, research on its implications for fiscal discipline and macroeconomic stabilization has to be pushed further. We argue that the agenda largely involves empirical matters. In particular, this paper presents an econometric estimate and simulations of a macroeconomic model of Italy and Germany aimed at addressing three issues. First, monetary and fiscal rules intercations are explictly modelled and examined in dynamic setting. Second, consistently with common perception and the new formulation of the SGP, the business cycle and the responses of policy variables are cast in terms of growth gaps, not gaps in levels, with respect to potential. Third, budgetary components (primary expenditure and total tax revenue) are examined as separate fiscal rules, which allows us to track the reaction of the fiscal stance to growth shocks more precisely, to point out several pitfalls in current measures of fiscal ratios to GDP, and suggest more accurate assessment of fiscal stances.