Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consumption of olive oil and specific food groups in relation to breast cancer risk in Greece.

BACKGROUND Experimental animal studies suggest that olive oil consumption, as contrasted to consumption of other fat types, does not enhance the occurrence of chemically induced mammary tumors, but human data are sparse. Furthermore, evidence is inconclusive concerning the role of food groups, as distinct from that of major nutrients, in the etiology of breast cancer in women. PURPOSE This analysis was conducted to evaluate and quantify the effect of consumption of olive oil, margarine, and a range of food groups on the risk of breast cancer. METHODS Data from a comprehensive, semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire administered to 820 women with breast cancer and 1548 control women from the study base were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and X statistics of linear trend for the consumption of olive oil, margarine, and a series of food groups classified in quintiles. Adjustment for the effects of reproductive risk factors, energy intake, and mutual confounding influences was implemented through unconditional logistic regression modeling. RESULTS Vegetable consumption and fruit consumption were independently associated with statistically significant reductions of breast cancer risk by 12% and 8%, respectively, per quintile increase; no significant associations were evident for the other food groups examined. Increased olive oil consumption was associated with significantly reduced breast cancer risk (OR = 0.75 [95% confidence interval = 0.57-0.98] for more than once a day versus once a day), whereas increased margarine consumption was associated with significantly increased risk (OR = 1.05 [95% confidence interval = 1.00-1.10] for an increment of four times a month). The olive oil association was apparently concentrated among postmenopausal women, but the relevant interaction term was not statistically significant; there was no suggestion of interaction with menopausal status for consumption of either vegetables, fruits, or margarine. CONCLUSIONS Although major categories of macronutrients do not show significant associations with breast cancer risk in most studies, including the present one, vegetables and fruits are inversely, significantly, and strongly associated with this risk. There also is evidence that olive oil consumption may reduce the risk of breast cancer, whereas margarine intake appears to be associated with an elevated risk for the disease.
The Cartan-Weyl Conformal Geometry of a Pair of Second-OrderPartial-Differential Equations

Abstract: We explore the conformal geometric structures of a pair of second-order partial-differential equations.In particular, we investigate the conditions under which this geometry is conformal to the vacuum Einsteinequations of general relativity. Furthermore, we introduce a new version of the conformal Einstein equations,which are used in the analysis of the conformal geometry of the PDE's.
Top Management Team Diversity and Firm Performance: Moderators of Functional-Background and Locus-of-Control Diversity

Past research on the relationship between top management team (TMT) compositional diversity and organizational performance has paid insufficient attention to the nature of TMT team processes in interaction with TMT diversity. We fill this gap by studying how three team mechanisms (collaborative behavior, accurate information exchange, and decision-making decentralization) moderate the impact of TMT diversity on financial performance of 33 information technology firms. We focus on two fundamentally different forms of TMT diversity: functional-background (FB) and locus-of-control (LOC). We argue that the former has the potential to enhance decision quality and organizational performance, whereas the latter might trigger relational conflict, and is, therefore, potentially detrimental to firm effectiveness. The ultimate aim of our study is to analyze which team processes help to transform distributed FB knowledge into high-quality decisions and organizational effectiveness, and which help avoid the potential detrimental effects of LOC diversity. We find that a TMT's collaborative behavior and information exchange are necessary conditions to unleash the performance benefits of FB diversity, but do not interact with LOC diversity. In addition, decentralized decision making spurs the effectiveness of functionally diverse teams, while at the same time reinforces the negative consequences of LOC diversity on firm performance.
Identity Loss and Psychological Crisis in Widowhood: A Re-Evaluation

This study seeks to clarify the effect of widowhood on ego identity and psychological functioning. The sample consisted of eighty-three widows, ranging in age from twenty-two to seventy-four, who had been widowed an average of 4.9 years. A majority were found to be Identity Achievers on the Marcia instrument, and the group scored significantly higher on a structured measure of self-esteem (TSCS) in comparison to national norms. A quarter of the sample reported positive change after widowhood, 39 percent reported mixed effects, and only 30 percent reported only negative change. The results are discussed in terms of Erikson's developmental theory, suggesting that intimacy may be a more central issue of widowhood than ego identity. Further, little support is given the pathological sheen often attributed to widowhood. Rather, the data better fit a developmental or growth model of crisis resolution.
AN EVALUATION OF FACTORS CAUSING VARIANCE IN PROPERTY ASSESSMENT

Most of the previous studies on causes of valuation variance have concentrated on non-statutory valuation, with little attention to statutory valuation in both developed and developing countries, leaving a gap in the body of knowledge in this regard. Purposive sampling was adopted to select samples from registered estate surveyors and valuers in Kwara State, Nigeria. The data collection was done through a survey questionnaire given to 33 valuers and the Relative Importance Index (RII) was used to analyse the data collected. Findings showed that factors that fell within the range index of significant factors (0.841 to 0.979) are: experience in rating valuation, comprehensiveness of the law, unrealistic valuation assumption and availability of market indices for the input variables. Other significant factors are explicitness of the law, integrity of the valuer, valuer negligence, absence of quality control and training in rating valuation. The findings have practical implications on rating valuation stakeholders.
Cognitive distortion and depression in chronic pain: association with diagnosed disorders.

Previous studies have demonstrated that cognitive distortion is associated with increased levels of self-reported depression among chronic pain patients, suggesting that cognitive models of depression might be useful in this context. However, reliance on self-reports of depression hampers generalization of these results to clinically significant depressive disorders. To address this problem, we examined the association between depression diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) (i.e., major depression and dysthymia) and scores on the Cognitive Errors Questionnaire (CEQ). Depressed chronic pain patients and depressed nonpain patients reported more cognitive distortion than did nondepressed pain patients and normal controls. These results support the relevance of cognitive theory in the explication of clinically significant depression among chronic pain patients.
Multidimensional evaluation of the elderly undergoing cardiac surgery

OBJETIVO: Conocer aspectos multidimensionales Del anciano sometido a cirugia cardiaca. METODOS: Se trata de um estudio epidemiologico descriptivo, realizado en el Instituto de Cardiologia del Distrito Federal-IC/DF. Para la recoleccion de los datos se utilizo un instrumento que contenia las variables: sociodemograficas, clinicas, escores de evaluacion de la funcion cognitiva, capacidad funcional y emocional. Para el analisis de los datos se emplearon los tests del Chi-cuadrado y T de Student. RESULTADOS: De la poblacion total, el 64% era del sexo femenino; Ancianos analfabetos y con formacion minima que, sumados, representaban el 80%. Dislipidemia, e Hipertension arterial sistolica, fueron las enfermedades cronicas mas prevalentes. Mas del 50% de los ancianos presentaron alteraciones cognitivas y afectivas, y algun grado de dependencia funcional. CONCLUSION: Esos resultados apuntan hacia la complejidad del anciano respecto a su condicion de salud, asi como tambien, remite a la necesidad de un abordaje integral en salud que refleje en mejora de su calidad de vida.
Chloroquine prophylaxis, iron/folic-acid supplementation or case management of malaria attacks in primigravidae in western Uganda: effects on congenital malaria and infant haemoglobin concentrations.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, which compared the effects of three interventions (weekly chloroquine prophylaxis, daily iron and weekly folic-acid supplementation, and case management of malaria) on congenital malaria, maternal haemoglobin (Hb) and foetal outcome, was conducted among primigravidae resident in Hoima district, Uganda. Among 473 babies examined at birth or within 7 days of birth, 198 (42%) were parasitaemic, the level of parasitaemia in an infant being strongly correlated with those of placental (P< 0.01) and maternal, peripheral parasitaemia (P < 0.01). However, 33 (17%) of the parasitaemic babies were born to mothers who had placental but not peripheral parasitaemia, 22 (11%) to mothers who had peripheral but not placental parasitaemia, and 12 (6%) to mothers with neither peripheral nor placental parasitaemia. Overall, 163 babies were each examined for malarial parasites at birth and 1 month later. Of the 76 (47%) found to have parasitaemia at birth, 37 (23%) appeared aparasitaemic at the 1-month follow-up but 28 (17%) were still parasitaemic at that time. Among the babies born to the mothers who only received case management of malaria during pregnancy, parasitaemia at birth was associated with infant anaemia at birth (i.e. < 140 g Hb/litre; P = 0.03). Infants found to be parasitaemic at the 1-month follow-up had lower mean concentrations of Hb at that time than their aparasitaemic counterparts (P= 0.03). Parasitaemia at birth was not significantly associated with low birthweight, in any of three intervention groups. The intervention given to the mother had no significant effect on the parasitaemia of her baby, either at birth or at the age of 1 month. Congenital malaria per se may have little influence on birthweight but may have an impact on infant anaemia. In conclusion, congenital parasitaemia was not associated with birthweight, but was related to anaemia at birth in infants born to women who had only received active case management during their pregnancies.
Subunit-Specific Agonist Activity at NR2A-, NR2B-, NR2C-, and NR2D-Containing N-Methyl-d-aspartate Glutamate Receptors

The four N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR2 subunits (NR2A-D) have different developmental, anatomical, and functional profiles that allow them to serve different roles in normal and neuropathological situations. Identification of subunit-selective NMDA receptor agonists, antagonists, or modulators could prove to be both valuable pharmacological tools as well as potential new therapeutic agents. We evaluated the potency and efficacy of a wide range of glutamate-like compounds at NR1/NR2A, NR1/NR2B, NR1/NR2C, and NR1/NR2D receptors. Twenty-five of 53 compounds examined exhibited agonist activity at the glutamate binding site of NMDA receptors. Concentration-response relationships were determined for these agonists at each NR2 subunit. We find consistently higher potency at the NR2D subunit for a wide range of dissimilar structures, with (2S,4R)-4-methylglutamate (SYM2081) showing the greatest differential potency between NR2A- and NR2D-containing receptors (46-fold). Analysis of chimeric NR2A/D receptors suggests that enhanced agonist potency for NR2D is controlled by residues in both of the domains (Domain1 and Domain2) that compose the bilobed agonist binding domain. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations comparing a crystallography-based hydrated NR1/NR2A model with a homology-based NR1/NR2D hydrated model of the agonist binding domains suggest that glutamate exhibits a different binding mode in NR2D compared with NR2A that accommodates a 4-methyl substitution in SYM2081. Mutagenesis of functionally divergent residues supports the conclusions drawn based on the modeling studies. Despite high homology and conserved atomic contact residues within the agonist binding pocket of NR2A and NR2D, glutamate adopts a different binding orientation that could be exploited for the development of subunit selective agonists and competitive antagonists.
Evaluation of a teacher-led physical activity curriculum to increase preschooler physical activity

Preschool students are generally sedentary at school, and few interventions have addressed whether teacher-led activities can increase physical activity at preschools. The current study aimed to increase physical activity in preschool children enrolled in childcare centers by training childcare providers to deliver a physical activity curriculum. A within-group pre-test/post-test design was used including 32 children at 4 preschools. A teacher-led physical activity curriculum, the Coordinated Approach to Child Health Early Childhood Education Curriculum (CEC) was implemented in each childcare center for six weeks. Activity levels of participants were monitored through the use of accelerometers and direct observation for approximately five hours pre- and post-intervention. Time spent in moderate/vigorous physical activity in preschoolers in three of the four preschools suggested a positive trend increasing from 34.5% ± 13.2% baseline to 39.3% ± 15.4% at follow-up (p = 0.10). Teachers from all four centers reported spending 24.6 ± 13.0 minutes per activity session with up to two activity sessions completed per day. These results justify larger trials to determine the impact of a teacher-led physical activity curriculum on the intensity and duration of preschool students’ physical activity at school.
Technical Efficiency of Public and Private Hospitals in Vietnam: Do Market-Oriented Policies Matter?

This study examined how ownership and the degree of competition in the market were related to pure technical efficiency, using micro-level hospital data from six regions in Vietnam that were collected by an original survey. According to the results, the provincial hospitals have significantly higher efficiency than the district hospitals, while the private hospitals have significantly lower efficiency than the district hospitals. Moreover, the number of competing hospitals has a statistically significant negative correlation with the efficiency of the hospitals, and so does the number of competing private hospitals. On the other hand, the degree of concentration in the market has no significant correlation with efficiency. Those results may imply that competition raises problems with resource allocation among the hospitals in Vietnam. JEL Classification: I11, I18
Relationship between neurokinin‐1 receptor and substance P in the striatum: Light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical study in the rat

The synaptic relationship between substance P (SP) and its receptor, i.e., neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK1R), was examined in the striatum of the rat by confocal laser‐scanning microscopy and electron microscopy. For confocal laser‐scanning microscopy, triple‐immunofluorescence histochemistry was performed to label NK1R, SP, and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (a specific marker for cholinergic neurons). In electron microscopic double‐immunolabeling study, immunoreactivity for NK1R was detected with the silver‐intensified gold method, while immunoreactivity for SP was detected with peroxidase immunohistochemistry. Simultaneous immunolabeling of NK1R and SP revealed significant mismatch at the synaptic level: although some SP‐immunopositive axon terminals were in synaptic contact with NK1R‐immunopositive sites of plasma membrane, NK1R‐immunoreactivity was observed at both synaptic and non‐synaptic sites of plasma membrane. Thus, SP released from the sites remote from NK1Rs might diffuse in the extracellular fluid to act, as a paracrine neurotransmitter, on NK1Rs distant from its releasing site. SP neurotransmission in the striatum might occur not only synaptically but also extrasynaptically. The SP‐NK1R system might constitute an association system within the striatum. J. Comp. Neurol. 418:156–163, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Economic effectiveness of investments in fruit tree nurseries

In order to develop and improve fruit production in Serbia it is necessary to invest in establishment of nurseries for production of quality fruit seedlings. Therefore the goal of this paper is to analyze economic efficiency of investments in fruit nurseries. Discounting methods of investment evaluation (Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return and Payback period) are used to determine profitability of investments in expected circumstances while sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis methods were used to evaluate investments in risky circumstances. It is determined that investments in fruit nurseries are economically efficient even in risky circumstances. Type of nurseries which provide more balanced cash flows is more economically efficient and less risky.
Does female dominance facilitate feeding priority in black‐and‐white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) in southeastern Madagascar?

Although many Malagasy lemurs are thought to be female dominant and to have female feeding priority, to date the relationship between these behaviors has been rigorously established only in Lemur catta, and other ways that females might achieve feeding priority have not been examined closely. Erhart and Overdorff [International Journal of Primatology 20:927–940, 1999] suggested that one way female primates achieve feeding priority is to initiate and lead groups to food, thereby gaining access to the food first and positively influencing their food intake compared to other group members. Here we describe female dominance patterns and potential measures of feeding priority in two groups of black‐and‐white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) that were observed over a 15‐month period in southeastern Madagascar. We predicted that the females would 1) be consistently dominant to males, 2) lead groups to food sources more often than males, and 3) have higher feeding rates compared to males when they arrived at food sources first. The results were dissimilar between the study groups. During the study, the oldest adult female in group 1 died. There was no evidence for female dominance in this group, and the remaining (likely natal) female did not lead the group more often, nor did she have a higher food intake than males. Group 1 dispersed shortly after the time frame reported here. In contrast, the resident female in group 2 was dominant to group males (based on agonistic interactions), led the group to food sources more often, and experienced a higher food intake when she arrived first at a food source. How these patterns vary over time and are influenced by the number of females in groups, group stability, food quality, and reproductive condition will be examined in future analyses. Am. J. Primatol. 66:7–22, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein and energy relationships in the broiler chicken

Male broiler chickens growing from 7 to 35d were fed on a diet containing 150g crude protein (N × 6·25)/kg diet supplemented with lysine to equal that in diets containing 166, 183 and 200g crude protein/kg diet (Expt 1). A second group of male broiler chickens growing over the same period were fed on a diet containing 120g crude protein/kg supplemented with lysine, arginine, tryptophan, threonine and isoleucine equal to that in diets containing 144, 172 and 200g crude protein/kg diet (Expt 2). Growth was improved by lysine supplementation but not to the level attained by feeding 200g crude protein/kg (Expt 1). Lysine, arginine, tryptophan, threonine and isoleucine supplementation of a low-protein diet also improved growth, but growth again fell short of that attained by feeding a diet containing 200g crude protein/kg. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 and thyroxine concentrations increased and triiodothyronine decreased as the crude protein level increased from 150 to 200g/kg diet. Supplemental lysine did not affect plasma levels of these hormones. Although dietary crude protein levels noticeably changed rates of in vitro lipogenesis, changing either the level of a single limiting amino acid or the levels of several limiting amino acids did not change lipogenesis.
A total-evidence phylogeny of ticks provides insights into the evolution of life cycles and biogeography.

We inferred the phylogeny of 33 species of ticks from the subfamilies Rhipicephalinae and Hyalomminae from analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and morphology. We used nucleotide sequences from 12S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase I, internal transcribed spacer 2 of the nuclear rRNA, and 18S rRNA. Nucleotide sequences and morphology were analyzed separately and together in a total-evidence analysis. Analyses of the five partitions together (3303 characters) gave the best-resolved and the best-supported hypothesis so far for the phylogeny of ticks in the Rhipicephalinae and Hyalomminae, despite the fact that some partitions did not have data for some taxa. However, most of the hidden conflict (lower support in the total-evidence analyses compared to that in the individual analyses) was found in those partitions that had taxa without data. The partitions with complete taxonomic sampling had more hidden support (higher support in the total-evidence analyses compared to that in the separate-partition analyses) than hidden conflict. Mapping of geographic origins of ticks onto our phylogeny indicates an African origin for the Rhipicephalinae sensu lato (i.e., including Hyalomma spp.), the Rhipicephalus-Boophilus lineage, the Dermacentor-Anocentor lineage, and the Rhipicephalus-Booophilus-Nosomma-Hyalomma-Rhipicentor lineage. The Nosomma-Hyalomma lineage appears to have evolved in Asia. Our total-evidence phylogeny indicates that (i) the genus Rhipicephalus is paraphyletic with respect to the genus Boophilus, (ii) the genus Dermacentor is paraphyletic with respect to the genus Anocentor, and (iii) some subgenera of the genera Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus are paraphyletic with respect to other subgenera in these genera. Study of the Rhipicephalinae and Hyalomminae over the last 7 years has shown that analyses of individual datasets (e.g., one gene or morphology) seldom resolve many phylogenetic relationships, but analyses of more than one dataset can generate well-resolved phylogenies for these ticks.
Improved Off-State Reliability of Nonvolatile Resistive Switch With Low Programming Voltage

A complementary atom switch (CAS) is proposed to realize low programming voltage and high off-state reliability for crossbar switch application. Two atom switches with bipolar operation are connected in series with opposite direction, in which the two atom switches work as a single element. The two off-state atom switches in the CAS complementarily divide voltage stress, greatly enlarging the off-state lifetime. The CAS is embedded in Cu BEOL on a 65-nm-node CMOS platform without degrading the CMOS and interconnect performances. The CAS using two atom switches is one of the candidates for realizing energy-efficient nonvolatile programmable switches.