Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A subset of 50 secretory granules in close contact with L-type Ca2+ channels accounts for first-phase insulin secretion in mouse beta-cells.

Capacitance measurements were applied to mouse pancreatic beta-cells to elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying biphasic insulin secretion. We report here that only <50 of the beta-cell's >10,000 granules are immediately available for release. The releasable granules tightly associate with the voltage-gated alpha(1C) Ca(2+) channels, and it is proposed that the release of these granules accounts for first-phase insulin secretion. Subsequent replenishment of the releasable pool by priming of previously nonreleasable granules is required for second-phase insulin secretion. The latter reaction depends on intragranular acidification due to the concerted action of granular bafilomycin-sensitive v-type H(+)-ATPase and 4,4-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2-disulfonate--blockable ClC-3 Cl(-) channels. Lowering the cytoplasmic ATP/ADP ratio prevents granule acidification, granule priming, and refilling of the releasable pool. The latter finding provides an explanation to the transient nature of insulin secretion elicited by, for example, high extracellular K(+) in the absence of metabolizable fuels.
SMALL BUSINESS BANKRUPTCY CAUSED BY LACK OF UNDERSTANDING OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND CONSUMER NEEDS

Lack of understanding of business environment and consumer marketing needs is a major factor in the failure of small businesses. This survey conducted during 1995 and 1996 found that the majority of small business owners possessed very little or limited marketing, economic, and planning skills. Fifty percent of the respondents rated themselves “low” to “very low” as far as their overall marketing and economic skills. Of those who filed for bankruptcy, only eleven percent indicated they had excellent economic understanding of their local environment, and nine percent indicated that they rated themselves overall “excellent” in marketing skills. Target marketing was used by 25 percent of the respondents, either all of the time or the majority of the time. After the businesses opened, thirty-four percent never did any market research and fifty-five percent did “a little” or “very little. ” Thus, it can be concluded that lack of planning and marketing research after the business was opened was a major contributor to the business failure. The lack of a written marketing plan seems to be another major factor in the failure of these small businesses, since only thirty-eight percent of the responding businesses said that they had a written marketing plan. Fifty-seven percent of the respondents indicated that they did not know their customers very well. As far as demographic characteristics of their customers, fifty-five percent did not know anything about the demographics. Only nine percent felt that they “very strongly” knew. Lack of planning, marketing, and economic knowledge was definitely a major contributor to the failure of these businesses. It is very evident that to the majority of the respondents to this survey that marketing and economics were not high priorities in the opening and managing of their small business.
Evidence of strong quasar feedback in the early Universe

Most theoretical models invoke quasar driven outflows to que nch star formation in massive galaxies, and this feedback mechanism is required to account for the population of old and passive galaxies observed in the local universe. The discovery of massive, old and passive galaxies at z∼2, implies that such quasar feedback onto the host galaxy must have been at work very early on, close to the reionization epoch. We have observed the [CII]158µm transition in SDSSJ114816.64+525150.3 that, at z=6.4189, is one of the most distant quasars known. We detect broad wings of the line tracing a quasar-driven massive outflow. This is the most distant massive outflow ever detected and is likely tracing t he long sought quasar feedback, already at work in the early Universe. The outflow is marginal ly resolved on scales of∼16 kpc, implying that the outflow can really a ffect the whole galaxy, as required by quasar feedback models. The inferred outflow rate, ˙ M > 3500 M⊙ yr −1 , is the highest ever found. At this rate the outflow can clean the gas in the host galaxy, and therefore quench star formation, in a few million years.
The Effects of Advertising on High and Low Loyalty Consumer Segments

Different advertising effects on purchase behavior of consumers of varying brand loyalty are investigated. In a frequently purchased product class, consumers of high loyalty increase brand and product purchase when advertising for that brand increases. Little switching occurs from competitive brands into the advertised brand. At low loyalties there is little impact. Effects of increased advertising carry over for a few months after advertising is lowered back to normal levels.
Diagonal stability of a class of discrete-time positive switched systems with delay

A class of discrete-time nonlinear positive time-delay switched systems with sector-type nonlinearities is studied. Sufficient conditions for the existence of common and switched diagonal Lyapunov--Krasovskii functionals for this system class are derived; these are expressed as feasibility conditions for systems of linear algebraic inequalities. Corresponding spectral conditions for the existence of common L--K functionals are also described. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed approaches can be applied to discrete-time models of digital filters and neural networks. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.
How Smart is Smart Beta Investing? Evidence from Australia

"Smart beta" investing is an alternative to the traditional active and passive approaches to funds management, whereby investors adopt a systematic method that provides exposure to factors that are argued to be related with expected returns at low cost. Therefore, the question of how smart is smart beta investing can be empirically examined by testing the performance of those factors that underlie smart beta portfolios. We use a long time-series of data and show that the value, momentum, low volatility and quality factors all generate positive abnormal returns in the Australian equity market. Rather than ranking these factors based on relative performance, we argue that the optimal approach to smart beta investing is to diversify across these factors, given the low correlations between factor returns. Our results provide important implications for the Australian funds management industry. First, while this study does not examine the specific strategies applied by smart beta fund managers, the evidence presented provides a justification for the application of smart beta as a low cost alternative to active investment. Second, given evidence that multiple factors explain equity returns, multi-factor models should be used to measure active portfolio manager performance in order to distinguish pure alpha from abnormal returns generated due to smart beta exposure.
Cognitive impairment and psychopharmacological treatment: a drug utilization study in the emergency department

addition to a higher specificity in CDT2. Our data lead us to conclude that the use of different clock timepoints in CDT1 and CDT2 does not give rise to major differences, but we cannot exclude the possibility that other time points might be more sensitive and specific. In conclusion, the findings that emerged from the two examined settings support the conception that the result of the CDT test does not appear to depend on the positions of the hand, and additionally suggest that the semiquantitative evaluation method is as sensitive as the quantitative method.
CLUMPING AND THE INTERPRETATION OF kpc-SCALE MAPS OF THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM: SMOOTH H i AND CLUMPY, VARIABLE H2 SURFACE DENSITY

Many recent models consider the structure of individual interstellar medium (ISM) clouds as a way to explain observations of large parts of galaxies. To compare such models to observations, one must understand how to translate between surface densities observed averaging over large (∼kpc) scales and surface densities on the scale of individual clouds (∼pc scale), which are treated by models. We define a “clumping factor” that captures this translation as the ratio of the mass-weighted surface density, which is often the quantity of physical interest, to the area-weighted surface density, which is observed. We use high spatial resolution (sub-kpc) maps of CO and H i emission from nearby galaxies to measure the clumping factor of both atomic and molecular gas. The molecular and atomic ISM exhibit dramatically different degrees of clumping. As a result, the ratio H2/H i measured at ∼kpc resolution cannot be trivially interpreted as a cloud-scale ratio of surface densities. H i emission appears very smooth, with a clumping factor of only ∼1.3. Based on the scarce and heterogeneous high-resolution data available, CO emission is far more clumped with a widely variable clumping factor, median ∼7 for our heterogeneous data. Our measurements do not provide evidence for a universal mass-weighted surface density of molecular gas, but also cannot conclusively rule out such a scenario. We suggest that a more sophisticated treatment of molecular ISM structure, one informed by high spatial resolution CO maps, is needed to link cloud-scale models to kpc-scale observations of galaxies.
Information, Investment Adjustment, and the Cost of Capital

Private information imposes a severe trading disadvantage on uninformed traders while at the same time providing firms with valuable signals for investment adjustment. The two forces have opposite impacts on the cost of capital, and the net effect depends on which force dominates. We show that stocks of firms with low flexibility in investment adjustment (“value firms”) command an information premium, whereas stocks of firms with high flexibility in investment adjustment (“growth firms”) deliver an information discount. These results are consistent with the findings that growth firms exhibit stronger investment sensitivity to information in stock prices than value firms.
Pengaruh Struktur Aktiva dan Profitabilitas terhadap Struktur Modal Perusahaan Makanan dan Minuman

This study aims to determine whether the asset structure and profitability have an influence on the capital structure. The object of research is taken from food and beverage companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2007-2009 period. The method used in this research is descriptive verification, regression equation used is a model of the data panel. The result of this research is the asset structure has no significant effect on capital structure, while profitability has a significant impact on the capital structure of food and beverage companies listed on the Stock Exchange 2007-2009 period.
Perioperative volume replacement in children undergoing cardiac surgery: Albumin versus hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4*

Objective:To compare 4% albumin with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 in terms of perioperative blood loss and intraoperative fluid requirements in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Design:Prospective randomized study. Setting:Single University Hospital. Patients:Pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Interventions:One hundred nineteen children were randomized to receive up to 50 mL·kg−1 of either 4% albumin (Alb: n = 59) or 6% HES 130/0.4 (HES: n = 60) for intraoperative fluid volume replacement including the cardiopulmonary bypass priming fluid. Ringer's lactate was used for further intraoperative volume needs. Monitoring, anesthetic, and surgical techniques were standardized. Packed red blood cells were administered according to a strict transfusion protocol. Intra- and postoperative blood loss were measured and also calculated from children's estimated blood volume, pre- and postoperative hematocrit, and volume of transfused packed red blood cells. Measurements and Main Results:Volume of colloid used intraoperatively was similar in both groups (median [interquartiles]) (Alb: 50 [45–50] mL·kg−1; HES: 50 [37–50] mL·kg−1). Measured and calculated blood loss were not different between groups, but a higher number of children in the albumin group required allogeneic blood transfusion (78% vs. 57%; difference between proportions: 0.213; 95% confidence interval: 0.05–0.38; p = 0.0188). Intraoperative fluid balance was lower in the HES group (Alb 23 [11–39] mL·kg−1; HES: 12 [−5–30] mL·kg−1; p = 0.005). Postoperative outcome was not different between groups. Conclusions:In children undergoing cardiac surgery, 6% HES 130/0.4 may represent an interesting alternative to 4% albumin for intraoperative fluid volume replacement because of its lower cost.
Thermal responses and heart rates of low‐birth‐weight premature babies during daily care on a heated, water‐filled mattress

Body temperatures, heart rates and resting oxygen consumptions were examined during routine nursing care in 12 premature babies treated alternately in incubators or on a heated, water‐filled mattress (HWM). The mean temperatures were significantly higher in the axilla (0.3°C; p 0.05) and the foot (1.4°C; p< 0.001) during HWM care. The degree of maximal fall in various body temperatures during routine nursing procedures was the same for both treatments, whereas the time taken for the foot temperature to fall was 13 min shorter during HWM care (p < 0.001). The proportion of heart rates below 160 bpm when the babies were not disturbed was 7.4% greater during HWM treatment (p < 0.01). The resting oxygen consumption in babies treated on HWM was slightly lower (6.2 ± 0.4 vs 6.4 ± 0.5 ml/kg/min; p < 0.05). Treatment on the HWM seems to promote calm and comfort, since it reduces the amount of thermal stress and prolongs quiet resting periods.
Catalytic Role of Ionic Liquids for Dissolution and Degradation of Biomacromolecules

Natural biomacromolecules constitute a diverse feedstock, including carbohydrate-based polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, agarose, and Konjac glucomannan) together with lignin — extracted mainly from biomass — and other protein based polymers, namely keratin, chitin, chitosan, and silk fibroin. The complex and heterogeneous chemical structure of biomacromolecules makes them difficult to dissolve and disintegrate into simpler molecules for further applications. In this regard, ionic liquids are potential solvents for the dissolution and modification of long chain biopolymers. This provides a promising pretreatment technology and is known to allow adequate extraction of biopolymers from natural sources. This paper highlights the properties of ionic liquids for their use as versatile solvents. This review provides a critical outlook regarding the influence of several process parameters that govern the fractionation of biomacromolecules into their constituent elements and further pretreatment processes. The performance of different types of ionic liquids for processing of biomacromolecules, focusing on their pertinent capability as catalysts to enhance the rate of hydrolysis, also is discussed in this article.
EFFECTS OF CUSTOMER SERVICE QUALITY ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: A CASE OF EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES AUTHORITY, KENYA

Service quality today has become not only the rhetoric of every business enterprise, but also occupies eminent position in every discourse. This paper analyzes the effects of customer service quality on the performance of the EPZA – Kenya. Utilizing descriptive survey research design and a modified SERVQUAL questionnaire to collect primary data from a sample of 57 Export Processing Zone enterprises, the study finds that service tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, empathy and assurance are positively correlated with EPZA’s performance. Thus, factors other than customer service quality affect the performance of the EPZA. Policy makers should integrate and streamline the regulatory framework for investors to avoid counterproductive effects of the various agencies on investor environments.
The Price is Book-built: The Decision to Use Book-building Pricing Mechanisms for IPOs in the Philippines

In 1998, the Philippines introduced book-building pricing mechanisms for Initial Public Offerings. Almost all capital raised through IPOs in the Philippines is done using a book-building pricing method, however a significant number of IPOs still occur using non-book-building methods. Understanding why book-building has become the dominant pricing mechanism but yet non-book-building methods still survive is the aim of this paper. I find that unlike other countries where the introduction of book-building leads to higher total issue costs for individual issuers and unlike theory which suggests the increased effort of book-building should come with increased costs, IPOs that use bookbuilt pricing in the Philippines actually have a lower total issue cost as a percentage of the total issue size compared to issuers who use non-book-building methods. This being the case, explaining why non-book-built IPOs still occur is even more interesting. I find that the large variance in size and the low volume of IPOs in the Philippines creates a bifurcated market where it is uneconomical for underwriters to use book-building to service small firms who want to IPO. The harder phenomenon to explain is the choice by firms who are large enough to book-build to use non-book-built methods. I suggest that the developing sophistication of the local market as well as the relationship driven aspect of business in the Philippines are two possible explanations.
The sounds of emotional disturbance.

Sounds communicate emotions. This observation has been made by psychiatrists, musicians, and poets throughout history, and is repeated by every mother who listens to her baby. The purpose of this paper is to define the phenomenon, and to present evidence for the existence of specific acoustic signals that transmit information about emotional disturbance. The Study of Human Sounds That sick people produce tell-tale acoustic signals was known to healers in primitive societies and to the earliest scientific investigators. Ancients wove the noises associated with illness into their myths and primitive rites 5 ; physicians recognized groans, rattles, coughs, wheezing, and other diagnostic signs. 10 Accurate verbal description of these sounds was difficult, however, and taxed the onomatopoeic vocabulary of even the greatest poets. 14 Since words never did full justice to the actual sounds of disturbed persons, music took over the task of portraying
Kinetics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA and RNA synthesis during primary HIV-1 infection.

HIV-1 replication and viral burden in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) have been reported to be high in primary infection but generally very low during the prolonged period of clinical latency. It is uncertain precisely when this transition occurs during the HIV-1 infection and what the relationship is between the changes in HIV-1 replication versus the clearance of infected cells in the overall control of viral replication. In the present study, the kinetics of viral burden (i.e., frequency of HIV-1-infected cells) and replication during primary and early-chronic infection were analyzed in PBMC of four acutely infected individuals. High frequencies of HIV-1-infected cells and high levels of virus replication were observed in PBMC after primary HIV-1 infection. Down-regulation of virus replication in PBMC was observed in all four patients coincident with the emergence of HIV-1-specific immune responses. Other parameters of virus replication, such as circulating plasma p24 antigen and plasma viremia showed similar kinetics. In contrast, a significant decline in viral burden in PBMC was observed in only one of four patients. These results indicate that the down-regulation in the levels of virus replication associated with the clinical transition from acute to chronic infection does not necessarily reflect a reduction in viral burden, thus suggesting the involvement of additional factors. Identification of these factors will be important in elucidating the host mechanisms involved in the early control of HIV-1 infection and disease.
A SUPPLY CHAIN‐ORIENTED APPROACH OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

This article analyzes and illustrates the role of payment terms for working capital improvements in supply chains. So far, research has shown how individual industries and powerful companies were able to enhance their cash-to-cash cycles at both their supplier's and customer's expense. From a "network perspective," the exploitation of individual advantages by a single powerful company lowers the overall financial wealth of the supply chain. Therefore, a collaborative working capital management approach is proposed, by which the cash-to-cash cycles of companies with the lowest weighted average cost of capital (WACC) should be extended, while companies with higher financing costs are relieved by a shortened cash-to-cash cycle. An unequal distribution of power, however, between supply chain members can be the main hindrance for developing a collaborative working capital management solution.
Does Auditor Fees contributed to high quality of Audit Services? Further Evidence from Malaysia

The purposes of this study are to examine the relationship between fees paid to auditors and audit quality. The study hypothesized that the higher audit fees paid therefore big audit firm will deliver a high audit quality to their audit clients. Using a sample of 125 Malaysian listed companies, this study employed multivariate regressions analysis to answer the proposed research question on discretionary accruals. The findings reveal that the audit fees are not related to audit quality. Evidence from this study might be a signal for legislative to the need for improving the competitiveness of the audit market and delivering a high quality of audit.
Lipocalin 2 Diminishes Invasiveness and Metastasis of Ras-transformed Cells*

Lipocalin 2, an iron-siderophore-binding protein, converts embryonic kidney mesenchyme to epithelia. We found that lipocalin 2 could also convert 4T1-Ras-transformed mesenchymal tumor cells to an epithelial phenotype, increase E-cadherin expression, and suppress cell invasiveness in vitro and tumor growth and lung metastases in vivo. The Ras-MAPK pathway mediated the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in part by increasing E-cadherin phosphorylation and degradation. Lipocalin 2 antagonized these effects at a point upstream of Raf activation. Lipocalin 2 action was enhanced by iron-siderophore. These data characterize lipocalin 2 as an epithelial inducer in Ras malignancy and a suppressor of metastasis.
Enhancing Interaction between Smartphones and Web Services on Cloud for Improved Bandwidth and Latency

As cellular network infrastructures are i mproving day by day; they are becoming the ideal clients to access the any Web resources, especially Interne t Based Services. However, Smartphones have certain limitations in connecting smartphone based devices to existing Internet based Services. This paper mai nly focuses on focuses on the following limitations: co nnection loss, bandwidth, latency, and limited reso urces. This paper implements a platform independent architecture for connecting smartphones to the existing Internet based Services. The architecture includes a cross platform design of smartphone based service client and a middleware for increasing the interaction bet ween mobile clients and Internet based Web Services. The architecture can be deployed on Cloud Platforms, li ke CloudSim and Google App Engine to enhance the scalability and reliability.