Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energetic cost of quantum control protocols

We quantitatively assess the energetic cost of several well-known control protocols that achieve a finite time adiabatic dynamics, namely counterdiabatic and local counterdiabatic driving, optimal control, and inverse engineering. By employing a cost measure based on the norm of the total driving Hamiltonian, we show that a hierarchy of costs emerges that is dependent on the protocol duration. As case studies we explore the Landau–Zener model, the quantum harmonic oscillator, and the Jaynes–Cummings model and establish that qualitatively similar results hold in all cases. For the analytically tractable Landau–Zener case, we further relate the effectiveness of a control protocol with the spectral features of the new driving Hamiltonians and show that in the case of counterdiabatic driving, it is possible to further minimize the cost by optimizing the ramp.
Hox Gene Collinearity May Be Related to Noether’s Theory on Symmetry and Its Linked Conserved Quantities

Hox Gene Collinearity (HGC) is a fundamental property that determines the development of many animal clades including Vertebrates. In the Hox gene clusters the genes are located in a sequence Hox1, Hox2, Hox3,… along the 3’ to 5’ direction of the cluster in the chromosome. During Hox cluster activation the Hox genes are expressed sequentially in the ontogenetic units D1, D2, D3,… along the anterior (A)- Posterior (P) axis of the early embryo. This collinearity, first observed by E.B. Lewis, is surprising because the spatial extent of these structures (Hox clusters and embryos) differ by about 4 orders of magnitude. Biomolecular mechanisms alone cannot explain this correlation. Long range physical interactions like diffusion or electric attractions should be involved. A biophysical model (BM) has been formulated which cooperates with the biomolecular processes and describes the data successfully. Hundred years ago E. Noether made a fundamental discovery in Mathematics and Physics. She proved rigorously that a physical system obeying a symmetry law (e.g.rotations or self similarity) is linked to a conserved physical quantity. It is argued here that HGC obeys a ‘primitive’ self similarity symmetry of the genes of a Hox cluster along a finite straight line. In the case of Vertebrates, the associated partially conserved quantity is the ever increasing ‘ratchet’- like gene ordering where some Hox genes are missing. Another application of Noether’s Theory is performed to rotationally symmetric embryos like the sea urchin.
Auditors' Perceptions of Time Budget Pressure, Premature Sign Offs and Under-Reporting of Chargeable Time: Evidence from a Developing Country

This study examines the existence and effects of auditors' time budget pressure, premature sign-offs (PSO) and under-reporting of chargeable time (URT) in the context of a developing country, namely Mauritius. Several antecedent variables of budget pressure were also considered. Based on a mailed questionnaire survey, the perceived extent of time budget pressure (as measured by budget tightness) was found to be significantly lower than in other developed countries (United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand and United States). Significant cross-national differences were also observed for the levels of PSO and URT. Although budget tightness was significantly related to PSO, this was not the case for URT. This has led to the suggestion that URT may be less dependent on levels of budget tightness and may have become an 'institutionalised' practice within audit firms. Finally, none of the hypothesised antecedent variables were significantly related to budget tightness.
Digital-analog quantum algorithm for the quantum Fourier transform

Quantum computers will allow calculations beyond existing classical computers. However, current technology is still too noisy and imperfect to construct a universal digital quantum computer with quantum error correction. Inspired by the evolution of classical computation, an alternative paradigm merging the flexibility of digital quantum computation with the robustness of analog quantum simulation has emerged. This universal paradigm is known as digital-analog quantum computing. Here, we introduce an efficient digital-analog quantum algorithm to compute the quantum Fourier transform, a subroutine widely employed in several relevant quantum algorithms. We show that, under reasonable assumptions about noise models, the fidelity of the quantum Fourier transformation improves considerably using this approach when the number of qubits involved grows. This suggests that, in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era, hybrid protocols combining digital and analog quantum computing could be a sensible approach to reach useful quantum supremacy.
Precision studies of vector-boson production with heavy quarks at the LHC: the case of $Z + b$ jet.

After a brief introduction to the state of the art of theoretical predictions for electroweak vector-boson production with both top and bottom quarks at the LHC, we review the case of Z-boson production with b jets, and discuss the impact of NLO QCD+EW corrections and finite b-quark mass effects on the theoretical prediction for Z+b jet production.
Experimental characterization of compact fluorescent lamps for harmonic analysis of power distribution systems

The modeling of a compact fluorescent lamp for harmonic analysis under terminal voltage variation is presented in this paper. The compact fluorescent lamp is represented with the diode bridge rectifier model, which is commonly used for harmonic analysis. The set of parameters is estimated for different values of the terminal voltage applied to the lamp. The equations to estimate the parameters and the required measurements to calculate them are presented. To characterize the lamp an experiment is carried out varying the RMS terminal voltage from 10 V to 131.6 V and for each terminal voltage value the apparent, real and reactive powers, the power factor, the current and the applied voltage are registered. To validate the model in the range of the terminal voltage, the total harmonic distortion of current calculated with the experimental signal and the total harmonic distortion of current calculated with simulation software are compared. The results show that the compact fluorescent lamp can be represented for one set of parameters in the operation range of the terminal voltage suggested by the manufacture.
The Influence of Organization Culture and Organization Structure on the Implementation of Innovation Process in Telkom Divisi Digital Service (DDS)

Telkom Divisi Digital Service (DDS) is a unit responsible for product innovations for Telkom. An internal survey conducted in June 2016 showed the lack of good understanding about the innovation process among employees. Entropy measurement showed that the organization culture categorized as “less than healthy”. Moreover, the implementation of virtual organization resulted in a lot of confusion among the employees. This research aimed to investigate the influence of Organization Culture variable and Organization Structure variable to the Innovation Process variable. Data were collected by distributing online questionnaires to 308 DDS employees and got 202 valid responses. Path analysis with SPSS showed that both Organization Culture and Organization Structure, either simultaneously or partially, had a positive influence toward Innovation Process. The Organizational Culture variable has a 37.27% influence towards Innovation Process variable, whereas the Organizational Structure variable has an 8.94% influence towards Innovation Process variable. In accordance with the research result, it is suggested that Telkom DDS focuses on the improvement of the organization culture to increase the innovation process. And for further research, it is recommended to explore other variables uncovered yet in this research, such as leadership within an organization, work environment, etc.
A 1-D radial vaneless diffuser model accounting for the effects of aerodynamic blockage

The radial vaneless diffuser, though comparatively simple in terms of geometry, poses a significant challenge in obtaining an accurate 1-D based performance prediction due to the swirling, unsteady and distorted nature of the flow field. Turbocharger compressors specifically, with the ever increasing focus on achieving a wide operating range, have been recognised to operate with significant regions of spanwise separated flow, particularly at off-design conditions. Using a combination of single passage Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and extensive gas stand test data for three geometries, the current study aims to evaluate the onset and impact of spanwise aerodynamic blockage in radial vaneless diffusers, and how the extent of the blocked region throughout the diffuser varies with both geometry and operating condition. Having analysed the governing performance parameters and flow phenomena, a novel 1-D modelling method is presented and compared to an existing baseline method as well as test data to quantify the improvement in prediction accuracy achieved.
Holomorphic curves for Legendrian surgery

Let $X$ be a Weinstein manifold with ideal contact boundary $Y$. If $\Lambda\subset Y$ is a link of Legendrian spheres in $Y$ then by attaching Weinstein handles to $X$ along $\Lambda$ we get a Weinstein cobordism $X_{\Lambda}$ with a collection of Lagrangian co-core disks $C$ corresponding to $\Lambda$. In \cite{BEE, EL} it was shown that the wrapped Floer cohomology $CW^{\ast}(C)$ of $C$ in the Weinstein manifold $X'_{\Lambda}=X\cup X_{\Lambda}$is naturally isomorphic to the Legendrian differential graded algebra $CE^{\ast}(\Lambda)$ of $\Lambda$ in $Y$. The argument uses properties of moduli spaces of holomorphic curves, the proofs of which were only sketched. The purpose of this paper is to provide proofs of these properties.
Trace gas emissions from biomass burning inferred from aerosol optical depth

We have observed strong correlations between simultaneous and co‐located measurements of aerosol optical depth and column amounts of carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde and ammonia in bushfire smoke plumes over SE Australia during the Austral summers of 2001/2002 and 2002/2003. We show how satellite‐derived aerosol optical depth maps may be used in conjunction with these correlations to determine the total amounts of these gases present in a fire‐affected region. This provides the basis of a method for estimating total emissions of trace gases from biomass burning episodes using visible radiances measured by satellites.
Perceived quality and value in resort hotel customers: examining the length of stay as a moderator

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to theoretically develop and empirically test an integrated, dynamic resort hotel customer behaviour model. The dataset was generated from customer experiences at an international resort hotel in Taiwan. Captured therein were assessments during three phases of customer involvement with the resort: Pre-visit (motivation), On-site (service quality), and post-visit (value). The findings support the extant theory – motivation and service quality perception positively affect resort hotel customers’ perception of value. An important extension of this study supports that customers’ length of stay moderated the relationship between perception of service quality and perception of value in the resort hotel. The implications for resort hotel managers and marketers are discussed.
Flux pumping, fluctuations and climbing fields

This paper describes the behaviour of bulk superconductors when subjected to a varying magnetic field. A magnetic model is described together with experimental results which explain and describe the behaviour of superconducting bulks when subjected to varying magnetic fields. We demonstrate how the behaviour is dependent on the magnitude and period of the perturbations in the fields. The model which we use has been implemented using the Comsol™ pde solver. It is a fully integrated model which uses a variable heat source to regulate the magnetic circuit and thereby to achieve flux pumping. Comsol™ is used for post solution visualization and the model is presented alongside experimental results which support and confirm the conclusions from the model.
Precision Matrix Estimation With ROPE

ABSTRACT It is known that the accuracy of the maximum likelihood-based covariance and precision matrix estimates can be improved by penalized log-likelihood estimation. In this article, we propose a ridge-type operator for the precision matrix estimation, ROPE for short, to maximize a penalized likelihood function where the Frobenius norm is used as the penalty function. We show that there is an explicit closed form representation of a shrinkage estimator for the precision matrix when using a penalized log-likelihood, which is analogous to ridge regression in a regression context. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated by a simulation study and real data applications. Computer code used in the example analyses as well as other supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Relationship Between Expansion Characteristics of Heat-Cured Mortars During Water Curing and Origins of Ettringite Formation

Delayed ettringite formation (DEF) is known as the deterioration phenomenon that occurs in mortar or concrete cured at high temperature. It has been proposed that DEF expansion is affected by calcium-silicate-hydrates (C-S-H), although the mechanism has not yet been clarified. The present study experimentally examined the relationship between the expansion characteristics of heat-cured mortar specimens used cement, anhydrite and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) during water curing and the origins of ettringite formation. The proportional change in length and the phase compositions of the heat-cured specimens were acquired. The respective amounts of ettringite generated from cement and SCMs were determined. The expansion of the mortar specimens using cement, anhydrite, silica fume and fly ash occurred continuously during water curing, while the continuous expansion did not occur in the mortar specimens using cement, anhydrite and blast furnace slag. These expansion characteristics could not be explained solely by the change in the amounts of ettringite. There was a certain correlation between the amount of ettringite generated from cement and the expansion characteristics of the specimens. It is one of the evident that origins of ettringite formation or coexisting materials such as C-S-H phase can affect expansion characteristics due to DEF.
Prune and Replace NAS

While recent Neural Architecture Search (NAS) algorithms are thousands of times faster than the pioneering works, it is often overlooked that they use fewer candidate operations, resulting in a significantly smaller search space. We present PR-DARTS, a NAS algorithm that discovers strong network configurations in a much larger search space and a single day. A small candidate operation pool is used, from which candidates are progressively pruned and replaced with better performing ones. Experiments on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 achieve 2.51% and 15.53% test error, respectively, despite searching in a space where each cell has 150 times as many possible configurations than in the DARTS baseline. All of our code is available at https://github.com/cogsys-tuebingen/prdarts
A Study of the Learning Progress in Neural Architecture Search Techniques

In neural architecture search, the structure of the neural network to best model a given dataset is determined by an automated search process. Efficient Neural Architecture Search (ENAS), proposed by Pham et al. (2018), has recently received considerable attention due to its ability to find excellent architectures within a comparably short search time. In this work, which is motivated by the quest to further improve the learning speed of architecture search, we evaluate the learning progress of the controller which generates the architectures in ENAS. We measure the progress by comparing the architectures generated by it at different controller training epochs, where architectures are evaluated after having re-trained them from scratch. As a surprising result, we find that the learning curves are completely flat, i.e., there is no observable progress of the controller in terms of the performance of its generated architectures. This observation is consistent across the CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets and two different search spaces. We conclude that the high quality of the models generated by ENAS is a result of the search space design rather than the controller training, and our results indicate that one-shot architecture design is an efficient alternative to architecture search by ENAS.
Stream invertebrate responses to a catastrophic decline in consumer diversity

Abstract Tadpoles are often abundant and diverse consumers in headwater streams in the Neotropics. However, their populations are declining catastrophically in many regions, in part because of a chytrid fungal pathogen. These declines are occurring along a moving disease front in Central America and offer the rare opportunity to quantify the consequences of a sudden, dramatic decline in consumer diversity in a natural system. As part of the Tropical Amphibian Declines in Streams (TADS) project, we examined stream macroinvertebrate assemblage structure and production for 2 y in 4 stream reaches at 2 sites in Panama. One site initially had healthy amphibians but declined during our study (El Copé), and 1 site already had experienced a decline in 1996 (Fortuna). During the 1st y, total macroinvertebrate abundance, biomass, and production were generally similar among sites and showed no consistent patterns between pre- and post-decline streams. However, during the 2nd y, tadpole densities declined precipitously at El Copé, and total macroinvertebrate production was significantly lower in the El Copé streams than in Fortuna streams. Functional structure differed between sites. Abundance, biomass, and production of filterers generally were higher at Fortuna, and shredders generally were higher at El Copé. However, shredder production declined significantly in both El Copé reaches in the 2nd y as tadpoles declined. Nonmetric dimensional scaling (NMDS) based on abundance and production indicated that assemblages differed between sites, and patterns were linked to variations in relative availability of basal resources. Our results indicate that responses of remaining consumers to amphibian declines might not be evident in coarse metrics (e.g., total abundance and biomass), but functional and assemblage structure responses did occur. Ongoing, long-term studies at these sites might reveal further ecological consequences of the functional and taxonomic shifts we observed.
Reflective images: the case of urban regeneration in Glasgow and Bilbao

Old industrial cities have made broad use of new strategies as the means to overcome the difficulties created by the restructuring of their former economic basis. Although usually based on physical practices, these strategies have attempted to ease the transformation towards a services-based economy, which has been presented as the essential means to solve the cities' economic problems. Even if it has been of widespread currency, the effectiveness of this formula is not clear, as its impact on the city of Glasgow illustrates. Yet, at present, Bilbao, a Basque variant of one of those old industrial cities, is making use of the same ideas to legitimate its own current renewal, through focusing upon the misleading message that comes from Glasgow's apparent success in urban regeneration. The article underlines the poor scope of the success achieved by such a strategy in old industrial contexts facing serious unemployment problems. Copyright Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishers Ltd 1998.
Improving sentiment analysis with multi-task learning of negation

Abstract Sentiment analysis is directly affected by compositional phenomena in language that act on the prior polarity of the words and phrases found in the text. Negation is the most prevalent of these phenomena, and in order to correctly predict sentiment, a classifier must be able to identify negation and disentangle the effect that its scope has on the final polarity of a text. This paper proposes a multi-task approach to explicitly incorporate information about negation in sentiment analysis, which we show outperforms learning negation implicitly in an end-to-end manner. We describe our approach, a cascading and hierarchical neural architecture with selective sharing of Long Short-term Memory layers, and show that explicitly training the model with negation as an auxiliary task helps improve the main task of sentiment analysis. The effect is demonstrated across several different standard English-language data sets for both tasks, and we analyze several aspects of our system related to its performance, varying types and amounts of input data and different multi-task setups.
What drives college-age generation Y's perceived value on high speed rail

The need for efficient and sustainable transport infrastructure has led to significant growth in the development of high-speed rail networks. However, the central question for advocates of sustainable transport is how to increase the use of high speed rail. Generation Y (Gen Y) has emerged with youthful values which will rival Baby Boomers’ market dominance. The concept of perceived value is closely linked to customers’ satisfaction, loyalty, repurchase and profitability. Therefore, the objective of this research is to identify and describe the perceived value drivers of generation Y’s perceived value on high speed rail. The data collection in this study was conducted through a series of focus group discussions. Researchers have explored Gen Y members’ perceived value and grouped into five dimensions: (1) functional value; (2) social value; (3) emotional value; (4) epistemic value; and (5) conditional value. In this endeavor, the values of this study could offer high speed rail marketers initial insight to encourage Generation Y’s use of high speed rail, and further applying in other public transit for the development of sustainable transportation. Key words: College-age generation Y, perceived value, high speed rail.
Analysis and Enhancement of Low-Light-Level Performance of Photodiode-Type CMOS Active Pixel Images Operated with Sub-Threshold Reset

Noise in photodiode-type CMOS active pixel sensors (APS) is primarily due to the reset (kTC) noise at the sense node, since it is difficult to implement in-pixel correlated double sampling for a 2-D array. Signal integrated on the photodiode sense node (SENSE) is calculated by measuring difference between the voltage on the column bus (COL) - before and after the reset (RST) is pulsed. Lower than kTC noise can be achieved with photodiode-type pixels by employing "softreset" technique. Soft-reset refers to resetting with both drain and gate of the n-channel reset transistor kept at the same potential, causing the sense node to be reset using sub-threshold MOSFET current. However, lowering of noise is achieved only at the expense higher image lag and low-light-level non-linearity. In this paper, we present an analysis to explain the noise behavior, show evidence of degraded performance under low-light levels, and describe new pixels that eliminate non-linearity and lag without compromising noise.