Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consensus Review of Optimal Perioperative Care in Breast Reconstruction: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations

Background: Enhanced recovery following surgery can be achieved through the introduction of evidence-based perioperative maneuvers. This review aims to present a consensus for optimal perioperative management of patients undergoing breast reconstructive surgery and to provide evidence-based recommendations for an enhanced perioperative protocol. Methods: A systematic review of meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and large prospective cohorts was conducted for each protocol element. Smaller prospective cohorts and retrospective cohorts were considered only when higher level evidence was unavailable. The available literature was graded by an international panel of experts in breast reconstructive surgery and used to form consensus recommendations for each topic. Each recommendation was graded following a consensus discussion among the expert panel. Development of these recommendations was endorsed by the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Society. Results: High-quality randomized controlled trial data in patients undergoing breast reconstruction informed some of the recommendations; however, for most items, data from lower level studies in the population of interest were considered along with extrapolated data from high-quality studies in non–breast reconstruction populations. Recommendations were developed for a total of 18 unique enhanced recovery after surgery items and are discussed in the article. Key recommendations support use of opioid-sparing perioperative medications, minimal preoperative fasting and early feeding, use of anesthetic techniques that decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting and pain, use of measures to prevent intraoperative hypothermia, and support of early mobilization after surgery. Conclusion: Based on the best available evidence for each topic, a consensus review of optimal perioperative care for patients undergoing breast reconstruction is presented. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, V.
The experience of hypnotic suggestions.

Abstract The experience of nonvolition in response to hypnotic suggestions was investigated for 126 Ss. 2 different scales, a new scale providing discrete options for response and a previously used volition rating scale, gave Ss an opportunity to describe some of their subjective experiences after completion of a 12-item adaptation for group administration of the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (Weitzenhoffer & Hilgard, 1962). Ratings of depth of hypnosis were also obtained. Ss had been previously administered the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (Shor & E. Orne, 1962). Distribution of descriptions of experience for passed and failed items were obtained. Total scores on subjective indices were found to be highly correlated with the behavioral score on the Waterloo-Stanford Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility: Group C. Items differed, however, in the degree to which responses seem to occur effortlessly. Some suggestions have a substantial number of passed responses lacking.
Patients’ Perspectives and Experiences Living with Systemic Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies

Objective. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease with major end-organ involvement. Much attention has been focused on the management of physical and clinical manifestations; however, the effect of the disease and treatment on the patient’s identity, relationships, functioning, and mental well-being are less known. We aimed to describe the patients’ perspectives and experiences of living with SSc. Methods. Electronic databases were searched to October 2014. Thematic synthesis was used to analyze the findings. Results. We included 26 studies involving 463 patients. Six key themes were identified: distressing appearance transformation (disturbing facial changes, stigmatizing sickness, unrecognizable self), palpable physical limitations (bodily restrictions, frustrating mind-body disconnect, pervasive fatigue, disabling pain), social impairment (breaking intimacy, struggling to fulfill family responsibilities, maintaining work, losing independence), navigating uncertainty (diagnostic ambiguity, medically fending for oneself, unpredictable course of illness), alone and misunderstood (fearful avoidance of fellow patients, invisible suffering), and gradual acceptance and relative optimism (adapting to change and accepting limitations, taking a positive spin, cautious hoping, empowering relationships, valuing medical support). Conclusion. SSc is a rare and unpredictable illness that undermines patients’ sense of certainty and control and impairs their self-image, identity, and daily functioning. Patient-centered care that encompasses strategies to promote self-esteem, resilience, and self-efficacy may help to improve treatment satisfaction and health and quality of life outcomes for patients with SSc.
Plasma and skin vitamin E concentrations in canine atopic dermatitis

Background: Altered homeostasis of vitamin E has been demonstrated in human atopic dermatitis. Data on plasma and skin vitamin E concentrations in canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) are not available. Objective: To determine vitamin E concentrations in plasma and skin of atopic dogs. Animals and Methods: Vitamin E concentrations in plasma and full-thickness skin biopsies of 15 atopic dogs were related to CAD extent and severity index (CADESI-03) scores and compared to the equivalent concentrations in 17 healthy dogs. Statistically significant differences of measured parameters between the two groups were determined by the nonparametric Mann Whitney U test and correlations between CADESI-03 scores and vitamin E concentrations were evaluated by the Spearman rank test. A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Plasma concentrations of vitamin E were significantly lower in atopic dogs than in healthy dogs, with median values of 29.8 and 52.9 μmol/L, respectively. Skin vitamin E values did not differ significantly between patients and healthy controls. The median concentration of skin vitamin E in atopic dogs was higher than that in healthy dogs. No significant correlations were found between CADESI-03 score and plasma vitamin E or skin vitamin E concentrations. Conclusions: Significantly lower plasma vitamin E concentrations in atopic dogs than in healthy controls indicate altered homeostasis of vitamin E in CAD. Clinical importance: Further investigation into vitamin E supplementation in CAD is warranted.
General 2.5 power law of metallic glasses

Significance This work establishes a general rule correlating the bulk properties [volume (V)] with atomic structure information (principal diffraction peak position q1) for metallic glasses, i.e., V∝(1/q1)2.5. It is shown that the 2.5 power law is strictly followed by any metallic glass with its volume tuned by pressure and/or composition. This general 2.5 power law is attributed to the well-constrained structure change/modification that inevitably happens during pressure and/or composition tuning of metallic glasses, which brings insight into the structure of metallic glasses. Metallic glass (MG) is an important new category of materials, but very few rigorous laws are currently known for defining its “disordered” structure. Recently we found that under compression, the volume (V) of an MG changes precisely to the 2.5 power of its principal diffraction peak position (1/q1). In the present study, we find that this 2.5 power law holds even through the first-order polyamorphic transition of a Ce68Al10Cu20Co2 MG. This transition is, in effect, the equivalent of a continuous “composition” change of 4f-localized “big Ce” to 4f-itinerant “small Ce,” indicating the 2.5 power law is general for tuning with composition. The exactness and universality imply that the 2.5 power law may be a general rule defining the structure of MGs.
Density forecasts and the leverage effect: Evidence from Observation and parameter-Driven volatility models

ABSTRACT The leverage effect refers to the well-known relationship between returns and volatility for an equity. When returns fall, volatility increases. We evaluate the role of the leverage effect with regards to generating density forecasts of equity returns using well-known observation and parameter-driven conditional volatility models. These models differ in their assumptions regarding: The parametric specification, the evolution of the conditional volatility process and how the leverage effect is specified. The ability of a model to generate accurate density forecasts when the leverage effect is incorporated or not as well as a comparison between different model-types is analyzed using a large number of financial time series. For each model type, the specification with the leverage effect tends to generate more accurate density forecasts than its no-leverage counterpart. Among the specifications considered, the Beta-t-EGARCH model is the top performer, regardless of whether we attach the same weight to each region of the conditional distribution or emphasize the left tail.
Natural Killer (NK) Cell Receptors' Repertoire in Couples with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions

PROBLEM: Natural killer (NK) cell receptors (NKRs) have been suggested to protect trophoblast, but their function at the fetomaternal interface remains unknown. To investigate if the outcome of pregnancy depends on women's NKRs, we studied the NKR repertoire in couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA).
Information Theory, Scaling Laws and the Thermodynamics of Evolution.

Renormalization symmetry and the Legendre transformation are imposed on a parametized form of ergodic source uncertainty, a widely-applied model for "languages" ranging from the spoken word to genetic codes. Using the Shannon-McMillan theorem to identify a duality between source uncertainty and free energy density, this procedure: (i) suggests that a punctuated "phase change" and resulting sudden fragmentation or coalescence should be the norm for "language"-based phenomena, particularly the transfer of "genetic" information within reproducing populations; (ii) gives a power law for that phase change near transition; (iii) provides a "disorder" construct similar to an entropy which may trigger higher degrees of punctuation in social systems than is suggested from simple physical analogs; and (iv) gives "equations of state" relating ensemble averages which should be observable within coalesced systems. The general formalism is explicitly applied to problems of speciation, coevolution and group selection, and comparison made with the work of Eigen and his associates.Copyright 1998 Academic Press Limited
An Information Distillation Framework for Extractive Summarization

In the context of natural language processing, representation learning has emerged as a newly active research subject because of its excellent performance in many applications. Learning representations of words is a pioneering study in this school of research. However, paragraph (or sentence and document) embedding learning is more suitable/reasonable for some realistic tasks such as document summarization. Nevertheless, classic paragraph embedding methods infer the representation of a given paragraph by considering all of the words occurring in the paragraph. Consequently, those stop or function words that occur frequently may mislead the embedding learning process to produce a misty paragraph representation. Motivated by these observations, our major contributions in this paper are threefold. First, we propose a novel unsupervised paragraph embedding method, named the essence vector (EV) model, which aims at not only distilling the most representative information from a paragraph but also excluding the general background information to produce a more informative low-dimensional vector representation for the paragraph of interest. Second, in view of the increasing importance of spoken content processing, an extension of the EV model, named the denoising essence vector (D-EV) model, is proposed. The D-EV model not only inherits the advantages of the EV model but also can infer a more robust representation for a given spoken paragraph against imperfect speech recognition. Third, a new summarization framework, which can take both relevance and redundancy information into account simultaneously, is also introduced. We evaluate the proposed embedding methods (i.e., EV and D-EV) and the summarization framework on two benchmark summarization corpora. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed framework in relation to several well-practiced and state-of-the-art summarization methods.
Canadian Cervical Spine rule compared with computed tomography: a prospective analysis.

BACKGROUND The Canadian cervical spine rule (CCS) has been found to be an effective tool to determine the need for radiographic evaluation of the cervical spine (c-spine) incorporating both clinical findings and mechanism. Previously, it has been validated only through clinical follow-up or selective use of X-rays. The purpose of this study was to validate it using computed tomography (CT) as the gold standard to identify fractures. METHODS Prospective evaluation was performed on 3,201 blunt trauma patients who were screened by CCS and were compared with a complete c-spine CT. CSS positive indicated at least one positive clinical or mechanism finding, whereas CT positive indicated presence of a fracture. RESULTS There were 192 patients with c-spine fractures versus 3,009 without fracture on CT. The fracture group was older (42.7 ± 19.0 years vs. 37.8 ± 17.5 years, p = 0.0006), had a lower Glasgow Coma Scale score (13.8 ± 4.2 vs. 14.4 ± 4.3, p < 0.0001), and lower systolic blood pressure (133.3 ± 23.8 mm Hg vs. 139.5 ± 23.1 mm Hg, p = 0.0023). The sensitivity of CCS was 100% (192/192), specificity was 0.60% (18/3009), positive predictive value was 6.03% (192/3183), and negative predictive value was 100% (18/18). Logistic regression identified only 8 of the 19 factors included in the CCS to be independent predictors of c-spine fracture. CONCLUSIONS CCS is very sensitive but not very specific to determine the need for radiographic evaluation after blunt trauma. Based on this study, the rule should be streamlined to improve specificity while maintaining sensitivity.
Plain abdominal radiographs and acute abdominal pain

The records of all (5080) patients presenting to a district general hospital with acute abdominal pain over a 4‐year period were examined. The contribution of abdominal radiographs to the assessment of patients with suspected appendicitis, urinary tract infection, and non‐specific abdominal pain was evaluated, these conditions accounting for 48 per cent of patients with abdominal pain and 32 per cent of those with abdominal radiographs. Any positive information from these radiographs was less likely to be helpful than incidental or inconsistent (and hence potentially misleading). Because of this high ‘false positive’ rate it is suggested that if the initial diagnosis is suspected appendicitis, urinary tract infection, or non‐specific abdominal pain, there is little value in the routine use of abdominal radiographs.
Fish-oil-derived n-3 PUFAs reduce inflammatory and chemotactic adipokine-mediated cross-talk between co-cultured murine splenic CD8+ T cells and adipocytes.

BACKGROUND Obese adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is characterized by dysregulated adipokine production and immune cell accumulation. Cluster of differentiation (CD) 8+ T cell AT infiltration represents a critical step that precedes macrophage infiltration. n-3 (ω-3) Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert anti-inflammatory effects in obese AT, thereby disrupting AT inflammatory paracrine signaling. OBJECTIVE We assessed the effect of n-3 PUFAs on paracrine interactions between adipocytes and primary CD8+ T cells co-cultured at the cellular ratio observed in obese AT. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed either a 3% menhaden fish-oil + 7% safflower oil (FO) diet (wt:wt) or an isocaloric 10% safflower oil (wt:wt) control (CON) for 3 wk, and splenic CD8+ T cells were isolated by positive selection (via magnetic microbeads) and co-cultured with 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Co-cultures were unstimulated (cells alone), T cell receptor stimulated, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated for 24 h. RESULTS In LPS-stimulated co-cultures, FO reduced secreted protein concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 (-42.6%), tumor necrosis factor α (-67%), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 1α (-52%), MIP-1β (-62%), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP) 1 (-23%), and MCP-3 (-19%) vs. CON, which coincided with a 74% reduction in macrophage chemotaxis toward secreted chemotaxins in LPS-stimulated FO-enriched co-culture-conditioned media. FO increased mRNA expression of the inflammatory signaling negative regulators monocyte chemoattractant 1-induced protein (Mcpip; +9.3-fold) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs3; +1.7-fold), whereas FO reduced activation of inflammatory transcription factors nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) p65 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) by 27% and 33%, respectively. Finally, mRNA expression of the inflammasome components Caspase1 (-36.4%), Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (Nlrp3; -99%), and Il1b (-68.8%) were decreased by FO compared with CON (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION FO exerted an anti-inflammatory and antichemotactic effect on the cross-talk between CD8+ T cells and adipocytes and has implications in mitigating macrophage-centered AT-driven components of the obese phenotype.
Determinants of Dividend Payout: Evidence from listed Oil and Gas Companies of Pakistan

This study aims to investigate the determinants of dividend payout of Oil and Gas industry of Pakistan using secondary data from published annual reports from 2008 to 2014 listed on KSE (Karachi Stock Exchange). Dividend payout can be affected by profitability, firm size, financial leverage, sales growth, investment opportunities, liquidity, business risk, and ownership structure. Panel data technique used due to panel characteristics of available data with ordinary least square regression model to find out the impact of set of explanatory variables on the dividend payout using the Stata. Financial leverage, sales growth and business risks are the most significant variables of the study where financial leverage and business risk have significant negative effect on dividend payout while sales growth has favorable positive impact on dividend payout. Results revealed significant positive link of profitability and firm size with dividend payout whereas government ownership is negatively associated with dividend payout. Investment opportunities, liquidity and managerial ownership showed insignificant relationship with dividend payout. This Suggests that dividend payout policy is dependent on business strategies including both investment and financing decisions. Financial managers should consider these factors while formulating dividend policy of the firm.
Suboptimal effect of a three‐factor prothrombin complex concentrate (Profilnine‐SD) in correcting supratherapeutic international normalized ratio due to warfarin overdose

BACKGROUND: Plasma transfusion is standard therapy for urgent warfarin reversal in the United States. “Four‐factor” prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC), available in Europe, has advantages over plasma therapy for warfarin reversal; however, only “three‐factor” PCCs (containing relatively low Factor [F]VII) are available in the United States.
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of midazolam in chimeric mice with humanised livers

The pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of midazolam were investigated following single oral doses of 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg to chimeric mice with humanised livers (PXB mice) and to severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice used as controls. Pharmacokinetic analysis, on whole blood, revealed rapid absorption of the administered midazolam with a higher Cmax in PXB compared to SCID. The exposure to 1′-hydroxymidazolam was approximately 14-fold greater than to midazolam in the SCID mice and close to equivalent in the PXB mice. The metabolism of midazolam in SCID mice was faster than in the PXB mice such that pharmacokinetic data for midazolam in SCID mice could not be generated from the lowest dose in these animals. Both oxidative and conjugative metabolic pathways were identified in the PXB mice. All the major circulating metabolites observed in humans; 1′-hydroxymidazolam, 4′-hydroxymidazolam, 1′,4′-dihydroxymidazolam and 1′-hydroxymidazolam glucuronide, were detected in the blood of PXB mice. However, 4′-hydroxymidazolam and the 1′-hydroxymidazolam glucuronide were not detected in blood samples obtained from SCID mice. The midazolam metabolite profile in the PXB mouse was similar to that previously reported for human suggesting that the PXB mouse model can provide a model system for predicting circulating human metabolites.
The Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid in Patients with a Unilateral Air-Bone Gap

Objectives To study the benefit of the application of a bone-anchored hearing aid in patients with a unilateral air-bone gap. Study Design Prospective evaluation in eight patients. Methods Binaural hearing was assessed in the sound field by comparing aided and unaided scores obtained with a sound localization test and a speech recognition in noise test with spatially separated sound and noise sources. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients The patients had subnormal hearing and unilateral conductive hearing loss. Results Sound localization improved significantly in the six patients with acquired hearing loss. The binaural advantage, studied with speech-in-noise tests with spatially separated speech and noise sources, proved to be comparable with that in a control group of subjects with normal hearing when they were listening monaurally versus binaurally. For one of the two patients with unilateral congenital conductive hearing loss, the results were ambiguous. This patient's age at the time of surgery was high: 40 years (the other patient was 19 years old at the time of surgery). This might have played a role. Conclusion If reconstructive surgery is not possible (e.g., in a patient with a chronically draining ear or a severe congenital malformation), a bone-anchored hearing aid is an option to reestablish binaural hearing. The results reported herein suggest that, at least for patients with acquired hearing loss, the bone-anchored hearing aid is an effective treatment of unilateral conductive hearing loss.
Meningeal blood flow is controlled by H2S‐NO crosstalk activating a HNO‐TRPA1‐CGRP signalling pathway

Meningeal blood flow is controlled by CGRP released from trigeminal afferents and NO mainly produced in arterial endothelium. The vasodilator effect of NO may be due to the NO–derived compound, nitroxyl (HNO), generated through reaction with endogenous H2S. We investigated the involvement of HNO in CGRP release and meningeal blood flow.