Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leadership or Management

Abstract This paper considers leadership and management issues affecting libraries in general. Specific attention is devoted to academic libraries and their reference departments. It focuses on the dynamics of leadership and management of academic library reference services and what is expected of the reference department head of the 21st century. It explores the changing roles of reference librarians and those of their leaders or department heads. It examines the leadership skills, traits, and competencies and attributes expected of the department head of reference in the new millennium. The paper also examines the paradox of leadership and management and draws distinction between the two terms. It finally looks into whether it is appropriate to have a manager from outside the library profession to be the head of an academic library reference department.
Tissue Modeling and Analyzing for Cranium Brain with Finite Element Method

Numerous methods for measuring intracranial pressure (ICP) have been described, and many of them are suitable for different clinical disorders [1-5]. One method for ICP monitoring is through the ventricular system [6,7], which requires stereotaxic techniques and may not be practical for surgical experiments in the brain regions. Ventricular monitoring of ICP is also associated with intracerebral hemorrhage and infection [6]. Another method to monitor ICP is through the subarachnoid space at the cisterna magna, in which catheter placement may be difficult and dangerous due to the anatomy [8,9]. Some studies monitored ICP via epidural [10,12], which has limitations in measuring acute changes in ICP and is inaccurate in some cases when compared with ventricular monitoring [8]. These methods have many disadvantages of invasion, low-accuracy, cross-infection, etc [13,14]. Although many efforts have recently been made to improve the minitraumatic or non-invasive methods [15-19], noninvasive means of measuring ICP do not exist unfortunately in clinic [20,21]. With the significance of raised ICP in the studies of intracranial pathophysiology, espacially in neurosurgical disorders, it would be valuable to have a simple and reliable method to monitor intracranial pressure (ICP) in clinic. Therefore, the minitraumatic or non-invasive, accurate and simple method to measure ICP is an important question of research in neurosurgery. In this study, we propose a new, minitraumatic, simple, and reliable measurable system that can be used to monitor ICP from the exterior surface of skull bone.
A comparative study of automatic extraction of collocations from corpora: mutual information vs

While corpus-based studies are now becoming a new methodology in natural languageprocessing, second language learning offers one interesting potential application. In this paper, we are primarily concerned with the acquisition of collocational knowledge from corpora for use in language learning. First we discuss the importance of collocational knowledge in second language learning, and then take up two measures, mutual information and cost criteria, for automatically identifying or extractingcollocations from corpora. Comparative experiments are made between the two measures using both Japanese and English corpora. In our experiments, the cost criteria measure proved more effective in extracting interesting collocations such as fundamental idiomatic expressions and phrases.
Education at the Crossroads

Abstract The Internet offers colleges and universities new opportunities to act on a potential watershed—online learning. Online learning offers students and institutions great flexibility, and thus, online courses are increasing in number and scope. This article taps the perspectives of preservice teachers enrolled at an urban university. The majority of students in traditional courses favor online courses but are less likely to enroll in them. Implications are that instructors must address student perceptions that online courses are not as effective in preparing them to teach. The majority of students taking online courses find that they meet their academic needs and improve their technological skills.
The Effectiveness of a Literature-Driven English Programme in Improving the English Language Skills of Secondary One Students in Singapore

The aim of the research was to discover whether an integrated Literature and English curriculum would be effective in enhancing the English language skills of students in schools. The curriculum initiative project was conducted as multiple site case studies in four secondary schools in Singapore over a span of five to six weeks during 2004. These schools included a girls’ only school, a boys’ only school and two co-educational schools. These schools were also of different types: independent, government-aided and government schools. The sample within and across the schools provided: different levels of performance in a graded situation; multiple teachers and classes; and control and experimental conditions for the curriculum implementation. Thus, the curriculum was tested in naturalistic conditions with all the variables of an operational education setting. The experimental curriculum was a Literature-Driven English Curriculum which was adapted to suit the local circumstances of each school. Though the curriculum utilised a literature text as a tool to teach language skills, it did not require a specific text. Therefore, the lesson duration and textual material were adapted according to the requirements of each school. The multiple site case studies were selected to test if the Literature-Driven English Programme could be an effective means of equipping diverse students with relevant skills to write a piece of narrative and to comprehend a given text. The teaching methods included explicit and implicit modes of teaching. In the analysis of the findings, it was found that the Literature-Driven English Programme was effective in improving the narrative writing and reading comprehension skills of students across a wide range of variables. It is anticipated that these findings would inform a wider use of a Literature-Driven English Curriculum.
Radar‐based cell tracking with fuzzy logic approach

This study presents a new algorithm Fuzzy logic Algorithm for Storm Tracking (FAST) for tracking convective cells in 3D Cartesian co‐ordinates. A fuzzy logic approach was applied to track cells with objectively determined membership functions (MFs) and weights that were derived from a large set of convective cell tracks (2326 pairs of convective cells). Three feature parameters (cell motion speed, area change ratio and axis transformation ratio) were selected by Bayesian information criterion and combined through fuzzy logic. FAST was evaluated with three skill scores using 2561 (2456) pairs of convective cells with (without) mergers and splits. The performance was tested in comparison with Thunderstorm Identification, Tracking, Analysis, and Nowcasting (TITAN) as a baseline method. For reference tracks without merger and split, the critical success index (CSI) of FAST reaches about 0.89. FAST shows better skill scores (CSI = 0.92 and 0.89 at speed limitations of 16.1 m s−1 and 25.0 m s−1, respectively) than those of TITAN (CSI = 0.89 and 0.82 at the same speed limitations) and is independent of the number of convective cells and the speed limitation. When mergers and splits are considered in the reference, the tracking performance of FAST (FASTMS) with a merger and split process is always better than that of TITAN (TITANMS) with a merger and split process and is independent of speed limitations. When FAST (=FASTnoMS) does not include a merger and split process, its tracking performance is better than that of TITANMS at speed limitation of > 20 m s−1.
Analog behavioral models for simulation and synthesis of mixed-signal systems

A behavioral simulator is shown to be an essential part of a performance-driven hierarchical top-down design strategy for analog blocks within mixed-signal integrated systems. It is used to accurately estimate the performance of the system while down-mapping the specifications over the hierarchy, in order to avoid time-consuming design iterations. It is also indispensable for the final bottom-up verification after completion of the design, as well as for testing purposes. The authors describe the set-up of the generic behavioral models for this simulator, which describe the functional behavior of the analog blocks, independent of the internal architecture. In addition to the nominal behavior, the models also include the important second-order effects (nonidealities, noise, distortion . . .) as well as the statistical variations of most parameters. This is then illustrated in detail for the statistical minimum-rank model of a Nyquist-rate A/D converter. System-level applications show the effectiveness and accuracy of this model. <<ETX>>
Early Neolithic population dynamics in the Eastern Balkans and the Great Hungarian Plain

In this study, we reconstruct population dynamics in the Early Neolithic of the Eastern Balkans and the Great Hungarian Plain using frequency of radiocarbon dates as a population proxy. The method of summed calibrated radiocarbon probability distributions is applied to a set of dates recently published in Bulgaria and Hungary. The aim is to test the hypothesis of the Neolithic demo­graphic transition (NDT) in these regions and to compare the patterns between these two and neighbouring regions. The results show that episodes of population growth occurred in both regions, which is in partial agreement with the predictions of the NDT theory. Population growth is detected, but it is followed by a bust, rather than stabilisation as predicted for the second phase of the NDT.
Multi-Objective Third-party Approach for Service Class Mapping among Multiple Providers in the Internet

The third party (3P) model has been recognized as a perspective approach for different interprovider quality of service (QoS) solutions. In this paper, we address 3P-based mapping of services classes among heterogeneous providers’ networks, which constitute an end-to-end (E2E) path. We propose and investigate a novel, highly flexible mapping scheme, which enables fulfillment of E2E network performance objectives, whereas minimizing interconnection costs. Starting from E2E service requirements, the proposed scheme uses goal programming technique to select the most appropriate service class in each domain on the path. Results of the comparative analysis of the proposed scheme and the two existing 3P-based schemes have clearly demonstrated superiority of our proposal in terms of accuracy, flexibility, and capability to support deployment of various business objectives. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.eee. 21.2. 115014
Brain Mapping of Language Processing Using Functional MRI Connectivity and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Because the brain’s language systems have no end organs for interacting directly with the external world, language systems work with sensory (ears or eyes) and motor (mouth and hands) systems, which are the only brain systems with direct links to external environment. Liberman contributed to understanding of how the language by ear (listening) and language by mouth (reading) systems work together at the behavioral level and also become integrated to support acquisition of language by eye (reading) [1]. Berninger and colleagues extended the work of Liberman and colleagues at the Haskins Laboratory to language by hand (writing), which is not just a motor skill as many assume [2]. This University of Washington research team also showed that Language by Ear, Language by Mouth, Language by Eye, and Language by Hand are separate, but interacting functional language systems, which draw on common as well as unique processes at the behavioral [3] and brain levels of analysis [4]. Moreover, each of the functional language systems has different levels of organization, ranging from subword, to word, to syntax, to text, and has connections with other brain systems such as working memory, attention and executive functions, and cognitive.
Adaptive Query Processing for Internet Applications

As the area of data management for the Internet has gained in popularity, recent work has focused on effectively dealing with unpredictable, dynamic data volumes and transfer rates using adaptive query processing techniques. Important requirements of the Internet domain include: (1) the ability to process XML data as it streams in from the network, in addition to working on locally stored data; (2) dynamic scheduling of operators to adjust to I/O delays and flow rates; (3) sharing and re-use of data across multiple queries, where possible; (4) the ability to output results and later update them. An equally important consideration is the high degree of variability in performance needs for different query processing domains: perhaps an ad-hoc query application should optimize for display of incomplete and partial incremental results, whereas a corporate data integration application may need the best time-to-completion and may have very strict data "freshness" guarantees. The goal of the Tukwila project at the University of Washington is to design a query processing system that supports a range of adaptive techniques that are configurable for different query processing contexts. Comments Copyright 2000 IEEE. Reprinted from Bulletin of the Technical Committee on Data Engineering, IEEE Computer Society, Volume 23, Issue 2, June 2000, pages 19-26. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Such permission of the IEEE does not in any way imply IEEE endorsement of any of the University of Pennsylvania's products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it. NOTE: At the time of publication, author Zachary Ives was affiliated with the University of Washington. Currently (April 2005), he is a faculty member in the Department of Computer and Information Science at the University of Pennsylvania. This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/cis_papers/130 Adaptive Query Processing for Internet Applications Zachary G. Ives University of Washington zives@cs.washington. edu Alon Y. Levy University of Washington alon@cs.washington. edu Daniel S. Weld University of Washington weld@cs.washington. edu Daniela Florescu INRIA Rocquencourt Daniela.Florescu@inria.fr Marc Friedman Viathan Corp. marc@viathan.com
Privacy Concerns and Levels of Information Exchange: An Empirical Investigation of Intended e-Services Use

In this study we report on a classification scheme of intended e-services use based on levels of information exchange between users and Web sites. We refer to the broader concept of e-service as a service available via the Internet that completes tasks or conducts transactions. Each level varies by the amount and sensitivity of personal information exchanged in the process of seeking and obtaining information, services or goods during an online session. We then examine the relationships between two dimensions of privacy concerns (i.e., concerns related to finding personal information on the Internet and concerns related to the possible abuse of personal information submitted online) and the intended e-services use at each level of information exchange. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis validated the measures used on our theoretical model. The relationships between the privacy concerns and intended e-services use were then analyzed in a structural equation model. The results support the hypothesized relationships between the privacy concerns and four out of the five levels of information exchange. In addition the results show that privacy concerns increase as the amount and sensitivity of personal information submitted through Web sites increases.
Deixis Analysis Through the Interaction Among the Students with Different Culture

Setiap bahasa mempunyai deixis yang berbeda-beda, karena setiap bahasa mempunyai perbedaan aturan dan latar belakang budaya. Penggunaan dan aturan yang berbeda ini terkadang akan menyulitkan seseorang atau siswa yang bukan seorang native speaker untuk mempelajari bahasa baru, karena ia juga harus mempelajari tentang budaya dimana suatu bahasa itu ada. Jika ia tidak mempelajari itu, komunikasi menjadi tidak seimbang dan mungkin akan melakukan atau mengucapkan sesuatu yang tidak seharusnya. Jika hal ini terjadi, akan menimbulkan kecenderungan untuk terjadi kesalah pahaman. Jadi jika seseorang ingin mempelajari bahasa, harus mempelajari juga tentang aturan dan latar belakang budaya bahasa tersebut. Selain kita juga harus mengetahui aspek lainnya seperti karakter pembicara, tujuan, permasalahan dan situasi dalam pembicaraan. K ata Kunci : Deixis , pembelajar dan perbedaan budaya
High-Resolution Imaging for Impulse-Based Forward-Looking Ground Penetrating Radar

Forward-Looking Ground Penetrating Radar (FLGPR) has multiple applications, one of which includes its use for detecting landmines and other buried improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The standard method for generating synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images for this radar is the backprojection (BP) algorithm, which has poor resolution and high sidelobe problems. In this paper, we consider using the Sparse Iterative Covariance-based Estimation (SPICE) algorithm and the Spare Learning via Iterative Minimization (SLIM) algorithm for generating sparse high-resolution images for FLGPR. A pre-processing step, which involves an orthogonal projection of the received data onto a subspace related to the region of interest is performed, for decreasing the dimension of the data and for clutter reduction. The SLIM and SPICE algorithms are user-parameter free, and are capable of providing SAR images with improved resolution. We also use the well-known CLEAN approach for imaging based on a proposed signal model in the time domain. We show using simulated data that the SPICE and SLIM algorithms provide higher resolution than CLEAN and the standard BP. Imaging using real data collected via the Synchronous Impulse Reconstruction (SIRE) radar, a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) FLGPR radar developed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL), is also presented and used for analysis.
There is No Magic Circle

Games are created through the act of gameplay, which is contingent on player acts. However, to understand gameplay, we must also investigate contexts, justifications, and limitations. Cheating can be an excellent path into studying the gameplay situation, because it lays bare player’s frustrations and limitations. It points to ludic hopes and activities, and it causes us to question our values, our ethics. In comparison, the concept of the magic circle seems static and overly formalist. Structures may be necessary to begin gameplay, but we cannot stop at structures as a way of understanding the gameplay experience. Because of that, we cannot say that games are magic circles, where the ordinary rules of life do not apply. Of course they apply, but in addition to, in competition with, other rules and in relation to multiple contexts, across varying cultures, and into different groups, legal situations, and homes.
Designing Good Experiments to Test Bad Hypotheses

Abstract : What does it take to design a good experiment? Given an hypothesis to be evaluated -- either in isolation or in competition with alternatives -- what formal rules, heuristics, and pragmatic constraints combine to yield a potentially informative experiment? How do subjects' expectations about the plausibility of an hypothesis effect the kind of experiments that they design, their ability to accurately observe and encode experimental outcomes and their responses to information that is consistent or inconsistent with the hypothesis? In this paper, we address these questions by creating a simulated discovery context and examining how subjects go about designing experiments to test hypotheses that are always, at the outset, incorrect. Thirty-six adult subjects were trained on the basic functions of a programmable robot. Then they were presented with a new function key ( a 'repeat' key) and asked to find out how it worked. Our results show that subjects are remarkably adept at designing and interpreting experiments in a novel domain. When subjects are given a plausible hypothesis, they tend to design an experiment that demonstrates the effect that is to be expected. When given inplausible hypothesis, they write programs that are good discriminators.
Phonemic Awareness Instruction: Contribution of Articulatory Segmentation to Novice Beginners' Reading and Spelling

This experiment examined whether kindergartners who were taught to segment words into phonemes either by monitoring articulatory gestures or by manipulating blocks would benefit in their ability to read and spell. Novice beginning readers who could invent partial sound spellings but could not decode new words were assigned randomly to three groups. The mouth treatment group learned to position pictures to depict the sequence of articulatory gestures in words. The ear treatment group learned to position blocks to depict the sequence of sounds in words. A no-treatment control group received no special instruction. Results revealed that both types of phonemic awareness instruction were effective in teaching phonemic segmentation and in enhancing children's ability to spell the sounds in words even though letters were not used during training. However, only articulatory instruction enhanced processes that enabled children to read words. Our interpretation is that awareness of articulatory gestures facilitates the activation of graphophonemic connections that helps children identify written words and secure them in memory.
DSP System Design: Using the TMS320C6000

From the Publisher: A data converter MATLAB toolbox and eight lab exercises are discussed and included on the enclosed CD to take the reader through the entire process of analog to digital signal conversion and C6000 code writing. As a result, the book can be used as a self-study guide for designing C6000-based DSP systems. To facilitate use as lecture materials for a real-time DSP laboratory course, the chapters are organized to create a close correlation between the topics and lab exercises. Knowledge of the C programming language and MATLAB is required for understanding and performing the lab exercises.
A control architecture for redesign and design verification

Analyzes model-based redesign in the context of case-based design of physical devices. The redesign task in the context of case-based design is characterized by small differences in the functions desired of and delivered by a known design. The domain of physical devices is characterized by knowledge of structure-behavior-function models of old devices. We then describe a control architecture for model-based redesign in the context of case-based redesign. The redesign task is decomposed into three subtasks: generation of modifications to the structure of the old design, execution of the modifications on the structure, and evaluation of the new design. The evaluation task is further decomposed into two subtasks: local evaluation of specific structure modifications that reduce a specific function difference, and global evaluation of the modified design. The generation and the local evaluation tasks are interleaved. Both the local and global evaluation tasks are performed prior to the execution task. This control of processing leads to incremental redesign of the old design to achieve a new functionality. The KRITIK system simulates and evaluates this control architecture for model-based redesign in the domain of physical devices. <<ETX>>