Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short-term dynamics of micropollutants in sewer systems

In wastewater treatment and environmental risk assessments increasing attention is paid to the fate of micropollutants. These are time-consuming, expensive and difficult to detect and quantify. If a substance’s load or concentration is subject to high dynamic fluctuations, it is demanding to take representative samples, especially when the “variation” is unknown. Therefore, we developed a concept to model stochastic load variations in sewer systems. We gathered readily available information from existing databases (population and consumption data) and combined it with the characteristics of household activities and appliances. We succeeded in predicting realistic short-term variations of benzotriazole (contained in dishwasher detergents) and validated them with a high-frequency measuring campaign. Benzotriazole stands exemplary for other household chemicals, which cannot be measured so easily. All required information used within this case study is also available for other substances and catchments. This allows the forecast of stochastic load variations for many chemical compounds of interest. It helps to plan measuring campaigns, estimate discharged loads from combined sewer overflows and to have a characteristic input for modeling purposes.
A Model of Children's Acquisition of Grammatical Word Categories Using an Adaptation and Selection Algorithm

A Model of Children's Acquisition of Grammatical Word Categories Using an Adaptation and Selection Algorithm Teresa Young Department of Communication Disorders, BYU Master of Science Most children who follow a typical developmental timeline learn the grammatical categories of words in their native language by the time they enter school. Researchers have worked to provide a number of explicit, testable models or algorithms in an attempt to model this language development. These models or algorithms have met with some varying success in terms of determining grammatical word categories from the transcripts of adult input to children. A new model of grammatical category acquisition involving an application of evolutionary computing algorithms may provide further understanding in this area. This model implements aspects of evolutionary biology, such as variation, adaptive change, self-regulation, and inheritance. The current thesis applies this model to six English language corpora. The model created dictionaries based on the words in each corpus and matched the words with their grammatical tags. The dictionaries evolved over 5,000 generations. Four different mutation rates were used in creating offspring dictionaries. The accuracy achieved by the model in correctly matching words with tags reached 90%. Considering this success, further research involving an evolutionary model appears warranted.
Peculiar symmetry structure of some known discrete nonautonomous equations

We study the generalized symmetry structure of three known discrete nonautonomous equations. One of them is the semidiscrete dressing chain of Shabat. Two others are completely discrete equations defined on the square lattice. The first one is a discrete analogue of the dressing chain introduced by Levi and Yamilov. The second one is a nonautonomous generalization of the potential discrete KdV equation or, in other words, the H1 equation of the well-known Adler−Bobenko−Suris list. We demonstrate that these equations have generalized symmetries in both directions if and only if their coefficients, depending on the discrete variables, are periodic. The order of the simplest generalized symmetry in at least one direction depends on the period and may be arbitrarily high. We substantiate this picture by some theorems in the case of small periods. In case of an arbitrarily large period, we show that it is possible to construct two hierarchies of generalized symmetries and conservation laws. The same picture should take place in case of any nonautonomous equation of the Adler−Bobenko−Suris list.
Human and Machine Listening of Seismic Data

by changes in volume of the rock and fluid as their temperatures change). One current challenge in the field of seismology is to be able to identify these fracture mechanisms from the seismic signals, possibly in real time, so we can have control on them in order to maximize the heat extraction while minimizing the fluid pumping and induced seismicity. In this project we focus on the earthquakes occurring at an active geothermal reservoir at “The Geysers” in Sonoma County, CA, USA.
Relative consequences due to absence of corporate governance in nationalized and private commercial banks in Bangladesh

This study produces weak and ineffective corporate governance practices in both state owned and privately owned commercial banks in Bangladesh. The paper presents key aspects requiring reforms: the role, constitution and accountability of board, risk management, and transparency. To analyze the corporate governance practices of the private commercial banks (PCBs) and State owned commercial (SCBs), this study focused on four aspects of corporate governance namely; board size, board meeting frequency, audit committee composition, audit committee meeting frequency. Banking performance has been measured through Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Assets (ROA). To find out the variability in corporate governance, coefficient of variation of the governance indicators of SCBs and PCBs was calculated. The descriptive statistics show that in case of board size greater variability in PCBs but for board meeting frequency and audit committee meeting frequency greater variability exists in SCBs. The trend in write-off of bad debt of PCBs during the period from 2009-2013 is not rising like SCB. On an average, SCBs induce write-off of Tk. 53.16 billion per year whereas PCB decelerates write–off of Tk. 5.52 billion per year. Taken together, our findings suggest that the inferior performance of SCBs in our analysis during the period of 2008–2012 can best be explained corporate governance theory on state ownership of firms and contestable markets perspectives of banking policy mistakes. This paper also brought out some recommendations that need to be improved. Enforcement and monitoring became the main hurdles in establishing the good corporate governance. The accountability of auditors was recommended to ease the corporate governance and financial reporting matter. Key words: Corporate governance, accountability, state owned commercial bank, private commercial bank, regulatory compliance, non performing loan, write-off.
Some Aspects of "Foreignness" in the Pronunciation of Upper Intermediate English Students of Spanish.

This study sought to address three questions related to the pronunciation of Spanish by non-native speakers: (1) does the pronunciation of upper-intermediate become "fossilized? "; (2) is their a relationship between quality of pronunciation and amount of improvement? ; and (3) when judging degrees of "foreignness," are linguistically trained native judges harsher than linguistically naive native judges? Eight intermediate learners of Spanish were recorded before. and after a program in Spanish pronunciation, with 10 pairs of before and after sentences randomized and rated for quality of pronunciation by 4 native-speaking Spanish teachers and 4 native-speakers with no teaching or linguistic experience. The study found that although phonological fossilization was present in some subjects, it did not affect them in the same way. The results also indicated that some students benefitted considerably from pronunciation training, and that there were no significant differences in the ratings of linguistically trained and linguistically naive native judges. An appendix contains copies of a student language experience questionnaire, the rating scales, and the sample sentences. (Contains 39 references.) (MDM) ********* ********************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** Some Aspects of 'Foreignness' in the Pronunciation of Upper Intermediate English Students of Spanish Carmen Santos Maldonado (DAL) PERMISSIO': 70 REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) tat document haS been reproduced as received from the person Or organization Igmating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Poems Of view or opinions Stated in this dOCu ment do not necessarily represent orrir,ai OE RI position or ooriCv
Evaluation of the Relation between Critical-Thinking Tendency and Problem-Solving Skills of Pre-Service Teachers

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between critical-thinking tendency and problem-solving skills of pre-service teachers. Research was modelled as relational screening model. The population of the research consisted of pre-service teachers from a faculty of education during the 2013-2014 academic year. The sample of the research consisted of 656 students who were studying different fields of education at the faculty. Stratified sampling method was used in choosing the sample. The variable of students’ field was taken as stratified according to the ratio in the population. Facione, Facione, and Giancarlo’s (1998) “California Critical Thinking Tendency Inventory” and Heppner and Petersen’s (1982) “Problem Solving Inventory” and a personal information form were used to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, parametric tests and correlation analysis. In this study, a near moderate-level and positive correlation was found between the Critical thinking tendency and Problem solving skills of pre-service
Postfordism as a dysfunctional accumulation regime: a comparative analysis of the USA, the UK and Germany

The article seeks to reanimate the early regulation theory project of building Marxist political economy through the development of mid-range institutional theory. The concept of a mode of regulation – central to the Parisian wing of regulation theory – is rejected in favour of a distinction between functional and dysfunctional accumulation regimes. The Fordist regime of accumulation provided a unique institutional context allowing an extraordinary combination of high profits, rising real wages and strong GDP growth. In contrast, the postfordist regime is shown to be inherently dysfunctional, characterized by manifest tendencies toward stagnation and associated regressive trends in work and employment relations. A comparative analysis of profit rates, wage shares, growth rates and debt in the USA, UK and Germany shows that the single model of postfordism as a dysfunctional accumulation regime fits all three countries, although with important differences in forms of dysfunctionality.
Ethnobotanical study of wild vegetables used by rural communities of Kannauj district, Uttar Pradesh, India.

An ethnobotanical inventory was conducted in the rural areas of Kannauj districts, Uttar Pradesh during 2007-09 following standard ethnobotanical methods for documentation of underexploited, non-conventional traditional and indigenous wild vegetables for further studies leading to sustainable utilization of these resources to overcome malnutrition in vegetarian diet. During present study 25 species belonging to 18 families have been documented. Chenopodium album is the most common and popularly used wild vegetable followed by Ipomoea aquatica and Coccinea grandis in the study area. Seven species are reported as wild vegetable for the first time in India. Leaves and young stem are used in majority of the cases. Only 56% wild vegetables used in the study area are easily available, it means 44% wild vegetables are threatened to be lost if not conserved properly. The highly endangered wild vegetables in the study area are Abrus precatorius , Centella asiatica , Dioscorea bulbifera, and Solanum incanum .
Managing Hotels during Economic Challenges: A Case Study on Hotels in Sharm El-Sheikh and Hurghada, Egypt

The tourism and hospitality industry in Egypt is suffering since 2011. This study comes to explore the impacts of economic downturn on the basis of hotels and investigate crisis management practices implemented by hotels. This research used questionnaire survey as a research method and sum of 107 forms were distributed on hotels’ executives in four and five star hotels in Sharm El-Sheikh and Hurghada, among these 82 forms were valid. The results of the study showed that hotels were much influenced by the economic downturns in Egypt reflected in a variety of aspects: high drop in occupancy percentages, fall in hotel sales and decline in tourist arrivals. The findings revealed that focusing and marketing hotel services to new segments, reducing employees’ wages and emphasizing cost reduction in all business activities were among the most highly ranked and implemented measures by hotels. The study highlighted statistical significant differences occurred between four and five star hotels across some investigated crisis measures. The study stressed on the great importance of government support to assist hotels in times of economic challenges and concluded with a List of 32 practices for hotel operators to manage their businesses during economic crisis concentrating on four main dimensions: marketing, workforce, cost control and responsible bodies support.
Spontaneous Trait Inferences: Are They Linked to the Actor or to the Action?

This article analyzes whether spontaneous trait inferences explicitly refer to a disposition of the actor or whether they only identify the type of behavior in which the actor was engaged. The authors used a novel primed recognition paradigm, in which participants had to indicate whether the implied trait was part of the original sentence after being briefly primed with the name of the actor, verb (i.e., action), or a control word. If traits are spontaneously encoded during reading, participants will tend to erroneously recognize the trait as part of the sentence or will need extra time to inhibit this error. The results from three experiments demonstrate that spontaneous trait inferences are associated with both the actor and action and that information disconfirming a causal attribution to the person eliminates these spontaneous trait inferences.
Screening of Wheat Varieties for Resistance to Head Scab Caused by Fusarium graminearum

In this study, variability in pathogenicity among Fusarium graminearum isolates from different locations in Ohio was determined. The most virulent isolates from these locations were chosen and used in segregation studies to evaluate the resistance of some resistant by resistant winter wheat crosses to Fusarium head scab. Differences in pathogenicity levels were significant among isolates even from the same location. Several generalizations can be made about the segregating generations in this study. The results indicated that Ning 7840 carries multiple genes for resistance. In addition, we found that Freedom and Ning 7840 have at least one resistance gene different. Although the level of resistance observed in the resistant by resistant cross appear to be adequate to protect the cultivar against head scab damage, higher levels of resistance would be useful in the future. As more resistant cultivars are identified, some popular but Fusarium scab suscebtible cultivars, may be replaced.
Altruism, Education Subsidy and Growth

An optimal education subsidy formula is derived using an overlapping generations model with parental altruism. The model predicts that public education subsidy is greater in economies with lesser parental altruism because a benevolent government has to compensate for the shortfall in private education spending of less altruistic parents with a finite life. On the other hand, growth is higher in economies with greater parental altruism. Cross-country regressions using the World Values Survey for altruism lend support to our model predictions. The model provides insights about the reasons for higher education subsidy in richer countries.
Morphological analysis of injected sprays of different bio-diesel fuels by using a common rail setup controlled by a programmable electronic system

Biodiesel fuels are increasingly attracting interest in the scientific community and in the world motor industry. The morphological analysis of injected sprays is a key factor to increase engine performances using new biodiesel fuels and to compare them with those related to the use of conventional fuels. In this paper, an experimental setup is realised to carry out test campaigns, in order to analyse and compare the spray injections of different fuel typologies. A PC-interfaced electronic system was realised for driving BOSCH injectors and for varying the injection pressure and opening time. Hence, the morphological analysis was performed for each tested fuel by characterising the shaperatio and penetration depth inside the velocimetric chamber. The results show higher penetration values for biodiesel fuels due to their viscosity and drops in superficial tension, which facilitate a deeper penetration compared to those obtained with conventional diesel fuels. Although used biodiesels contain only 20% of renewable vegetable-origin diesel fuels, the viscosity and superficial tension are slightly higher than those of petroleum diesel, thus determining a weak vaporisation and formation of larger drops. By knowing the morphological behaviour of sprays using biofuels and conventional fuel, it is possible, by using programmable electronic systems, to adjust and improve the spray parameters in order to obtain better engine performances. The results reported in this instance could be utilised by future research works for choosing the most suitable biofuel based on the desired morphological behaviour of the injected sprays.
Chapter 2 The art of teaching communication skills

It’s easy to criticize us physicians for being paternalistic, for not telling the truth, for sugar-coating reality. But try to imagine what it’s like when a young woman with advanced ovarian cancer walks through your door. She is 35 years old and has two kids. More than anything in the world she wants not to die. You tell her the prognosis, and that there is no good therapy for her, and she keeps saying, ‘But, doctor, are you telling me there is absolutely no chance I’m going to get better? ’ You feel yourself back-sliding because you start thinking, ‘Gee, how can I speak with that kind of certainty about anything? And how can I deny her even a tiny shred of hope? ’ That’s when a word like ‘truth’ sort of loses its meaning. Christakis NA, 2001, p.117.
Influence of facing panel rigidity on performance of reinforced soil retaining walls: a numerical study

Abstract: Geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls are typically designed on considerations of limit equilibrium. These methods disregard the effects due to foundation condition, reinforcement stiffness, facing type and other factors. Deformations of the wall are generally not explicitly considered in design. In this work, the two-dimensional finite difference Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC) program was used to carry out parametric analyses. The numerical study was carried out to analyse the influence of facing panel rigidity and wall height on horizontal deformations and reinforcement tensile loads of geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls with continuous facing panel. For the same facing panel bending stiffness different values of wall height are investigated. The numerical analyses showed that the pattern of normalized horizontal displacements and normalized reinforcement tensile loads, for structures with the same facing panel rigidity and reinforcement stiffness factor, are distinct. However, if the facing panel bending stiffness for distinct wall heights obeys to a presented equation, good agreements related to normalized displacements and normalized reinforcement loads are achieved.
Variation of basic density and brinell hardness within mature Finnish Betula pendula and B. Pubescens stems

The objective of this study was to analyze the variation in basic density between different horizontal and vertical locations within mature Finnish Betula pendula and B. pubescens stems. In addition, the dependence of Brinell hardness in radial direction, which is of importance especially for the parquetry, veneer, and plywood industries, on the basic density was investigated. Furthermore, the sources of error in the Brinell hardness test according to EN 1534 were analyzed. Both basic density and Brinell hardness were measured from small, defect-free specimens. The average basic density of B. pendula and B. pubescens were 512 kg/m 3 and 478 kg/m 3 , respectively. Concerning both birch species, wood material near the pith was clearly less dense than near the surface of the stem. The average Brinell hardness of B. pendula specimens was 23.4 MPa, and that of B. pubescens specimens was 20.5 MPa. Brinell hardness was found to be positively correlated with basic density. Therefore, the assumption that Brinell hardness varies within a birch stem similarly to basic density is confirmed. The test method according to the EN 1534 standard was found to be precise enough but unnecessarily laborious for hardness tests. Finally, an alternative method is suggested for determining Brinell hardness on an industrial scale.
Perceptions, attitudes and preferences in agroforestry among rural societies of Kashmir, India

Peopleâ€™s perceptions, attitudes and preferences in agroforestry have become fundamental elements of sustainable agroforestry management. The study examined the multiplicities and dimensions of peopleâ€™s perceptions about agroforestry values, attitudes towards agroforestry benefits and resources preferences in agroforestry and their socioeconomic determinants in rural societies of Kashmir. The data were collected from 142 households of 5 villages selected employing multi-stage random sampling. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for the data analysis. Results indicated that the material values (rank 1st to 3rd) of agroforestry were perceived as the most important while the perception of the non-material values (rank 4th to 10th) were adjudged moderately important. Peopleâ€™s attitudes towards the tangible benefits (rank 1st to 3rd) of agroforestry were highly favourable whereas attitudes towards intangible benefits (rank 4th to 10th) were indifferent. The rural people expressed higher preferences for fuel wood, fodder, vegetable, fruit, and timber (rank 1st to 5th) while moderate or low preferences for medicine, cottage industry/ handicrafts, fiber/ floss, oilseeds and animals/ birds/ insects etc. (rank 6th to 10th). F statistics (p < 0.05) showed significant differences between the material and non-material values, tangible and non-tangible benefits and resources groups. Correlation co-efficients (r) confirmed the importance of socioeconomic attributes in influencing peopleâ€™s perceptions, attitudes and preferences in agroforestry. The findings will help to refine and enrich the knowledge-base to provide an effective framework for decisions and policy making to sustain and maintain agroforestry health and services. The integration of peopleâ€™s socio-psychological conditions in sustainable agroforestry management will be effective strategy commensurating the current development and future challenges.