Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Colonization of bare rock surfaces by microflora in a rocky intertidal habitat

The rapid colonization by microscopic plants of natural bare rock surfaces in an intertidal habitat was investigated. The sequence of colonization (from bacteria, to diatoms to blue-green algae and spores of macroalgae) was illustrated by scanning electron micrographs. The endpoint assemblage was characterised by the blue-green alga Anacysus sp. , and a number of diatoms and spores. The rapid speed of recovery to the endpoint community (within 4 wk) and the nature of the conlmunity itself differed from those described in similar habitats, possibly as a result of the grazing regime at the site studed.
Research on the Relationship between Sino-EU Trade and Economic Growth

The dependence on foreign trade of China and European Union are both at a relatively high level, and the space for Sino-EU trade is still enormous. So, this paper adopts cointegration analysis and error correction model to study the relationship between Sino-EU trade and economic growth from a long-term and short-term perspective respectively. Cointegration analysis shows that: whether it is Sino-EU trade and China’s economic growth or Sino-EU trade and EU’s economic growth, there exists long-term cointegration relationship between them. Sino-EU trade plays a more important role in economic growth of China than its role in stimulating economic growth of European Union. Error correction model demonstrates that Sino-EU trade may deviate from its long-run equilibrium with economic growth in the short run.
Observation Bias Correction Reveals More Rapidly Draining Lakes on the Greenland Ice Sheet

Rapid drainage of supraglacial lakes on the Greenland Ice Sheet enables the establishment of surface‐to‐bed hydrologic connections and subsequent basal water delivery. Estimates of the number and spatial distribution of rapidly draining lakes vary widely, and no study has so far quantified the impact of observation bias due to cloud cover in satellite imagery on reported frequency of rapid lake drainage. To better understand the rapid drainage mechanism, we map and track an average of 515 supraglacial lakes per year in central West Greenland from 2000 to 2015. We test four previously published definitions of rapid lake drainage and find the proportion of rapidly draining lakes to vary from 3% to 38% and to be strongly dependent on observation frequency. We then apply an observation bias correction and test three new drainage criteria, which reveal a bias‐corrected rapid drainage probability of 36–45%. When observation bias is addressed, we can also show that lakes above 1,600 m are as likely to drain rapidly as lakes located at lower elevations. We conclude that inconsistent detection methodologies and observation bias have obscured the true frequency of rapidly draining lakes and that the rapid lake drainage mechanism will establish surface‐to‐bed hydrologic connections at increasing distance from the margin as supraglacial lakes expand inland under climate warming.
Ocean tide loading displacements in western Europe: 1. Validation of kinematic GPS estimates

GPS has been extensively used to estimate tidal ground displacements, but the accuracy of this has not been systematically verified. Using more than 20 sites distributed across western Europe, we show that postprocessed kinematic precise point positioning GPS with appropriately tuned process noise constraints is capable of recovering synthetic tidal displacements inserted into real data, with a typical accuracy of 0.2 mm depending on the time series noise. The kinematic method does not result in erroneous propagation of signals from one coordinate component to another or to the simultaneously estimated tropospheric delay parameters. It is robust to the likely effects of day‐to‐day equipment and reference frame changes, and to outages in the data. A minimum data span of 4 years with at least 70% availability is recommended. Finally, we show that the method of reducing apparent coordinate time series noise by constraining the tropospheric delay to values previously estimated in static batch GPS analysis, in fact, results in the suppression of true tidal signals. Using our kinematic GPS analysis approach, periodic displacements can be reliably observed at the 0.2 mm level, which is suitable for the testing and refinement of ocean tide and solid Earth response models.
Globalization and democracy with reference to eastern and southern Africa

Globalization has caused anxiety and uncertainty among the less developed countries; the reason being that it is still unclear as what this new political economy portends for these countries. Also at the heart of this unease is what seems to be globalization's profound political and social consequences for the Third World countries, especially those in poverty-stricken Africa. Would they be able to cushion themselves against globalization's painful effects? One of the key demands of this new political economy is that there should be no political interference in economic activity and investment decisions. Thus globalization presents the less developed countries with what seems to be an intractable conundrum. While touting democracy as a condition for economic success, the neo-liberal ideology which underpins globalization removes the economy from the political agenda through its advocacy of laissez-faire economic policies that preclude government involvement in investment decisions, hence shielding private capital and the bourgeoisie from social and political scrutiny. With reference to eastern and southern Africa, this paper examines the broad political implications of globalization and reflects on the possible strategies that might cushion the regional states against its vicissitudes. Journal of Social Development in Africa Vol 16 No 1 2001, pp. 121-138
Curcuma longa, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Moringa oleifera Ameliorate Diclofenac-induced Hepatoxicity in Rats

Although treatment with therapeutic agents may be one of the main causes of liver toxicity, there have been only limited attempts at thorough research efforts to seek solution. Diclofenac (DIC) is a widely used anti-inflammatory drug that causes liver toxicity. This DIC-induced hepatotoxicity was found to be associated with oxidative damage. In this report, extracts of herbal plants that are traditionally used for treating many illnesses were examined, namely Curcuma longa (CL), Glycyrrhiza glabra L (GL) and Moringa oleifera Lam (MO). They all showed a novel hepatoprotective effects against DIC-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Administration of DIC at 150 mg/kg developed acute hepatic damage, as demonstrated by increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and histopathological changes. In addition, DIC treatment resulted in an increase in the hepatic malonialdehyde level and depletion in total antioxidant capacity, reduced glutathione content, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities. Treatment with herbal extracts for 30 days before DIC treatment significantly ameliorated the indices of hepatotoxicity induced by DIC. In addition, these herbs alleviated DIC-induced oxidative changes in liver. These results suggest that CL, GL, and MO inhibit DIC-induced hepatotoxicity and might serve as a novel combination chemotherapeutic agent with DIC to limit its free radical-induced organ injury.
A study on some non-genetic factors and their impact on milk yield and lactation length of Sudanese Nubian goats.

The objective of the current study was to estimate some productive parameters of Sudanese Nubian goat under extensive management system. The data eighty-six parities of Sudanese Nubian goats were used; these parities were occurred during the period between October 1998 to August 2000, to parent stock raised on traditional pastroralism. T hese parities were used in completely randomized design to investigate the effects of nutritional supplementation, season of kidding, parity order and litter size on milk yield and lactation length of Sudanese Nubian goats. The result revealed that average total lactation milk yield was 89.18 ± 38.60 kg. Nutritional supplementation had a highly significantly effect on average total lactation milk yield. However, season of kidding; parity order and litter size had non-significant effect on average total lactation milk yield. Total milk yield was highly correlated with the first month yield, r = 0.599. The overall mean of lactation length was 181.12 ± 51.36 days. Nutritional supplementation and parity order had non-significant effect on lactation length. However season of kidding had a significant effect on lactation length. The linear regression of the total milk yield on lactation length was highly significant. The study indicated that, by instituting adequate management improvement action, the productivity of goat could be improved.
WELL-POSEDNESS AND ASYMPTOTIC STABILITY OF SOLUTIONS TO A BRESSE SYSTEM WITH TIME VARYING DELAY TERMS AND INFINITE MEMORIES ∗

We consider the Bresse system in bounded domain with time varying delay terms in the internal feedbacks and innite memories acting in the three equations of the system. First, we prove the well-posedness of its solutions in Sobolev spaces by means of semigroup theory. Furthermore, the asymptotic stability is also discussed by using an appropriate Lyapunov functional. We consider the Bresse system in bounded domain with timevarying delay terms in the internal feedbacks and innite memories actingin the three equations of the system. First, we prove the well-posedness ofits solutions in Sobolev spaces by means of semigroup theory. Furthermore,the asymptotic stability is also discussed by using an appropriate Lyapunovfunctional.
Acoustic streaming and the induced forces between two spheres

The ability of acoustic microstreaming to cause a pair of particles to attract or repel is investigated. Expanding the flow around two spheres in terms of a small-amplitude parameter measuring the amplitude of the forcing, the leading order is an oscillating flow field with zero mean representing the effect of the applied acoustic field, while the second-order correction contains a steady streaming component. A modal decomposition in the azimuthal direction reduces the problem to a few linear problems in a two-dimensional domain corresponding to the meridional ( $r,z$ ) plane. The analysis computes both the intricate flow fields and the mean forces felt by both spheres. If the spheres are aligned obliquely with respect to the oscillating flow, they experience a lateral force which realigns them into a transverse configuration. In this transverse configuration, they experience an axial force which can be either attractive or repulsive. At high frequencies the force is always attractive. At low frequencies, it is repulsive. At intermediate frequencies, the force is attractive at large distances and repulsive at small distances, leading to the existence of a stable equilibrium configuration.
Computing Singular Values of Large Matrices with an Inverse-Free Preconditioned Krylov Subspace Method

We present an efficient algorithm for computing a few extreme singular values of a large sparse m×n matrix C. Our algorithm is based on reformulating the singular value problem as an eigenvalue problem for CC. To address the clustering of the singular values, we develop an inverse-free preconditioned Krylov subspace method to accelerate convergence. We consider preconditioning that is based on robust incomplete factorizations, and we discuss various implementation issues. Extensive numerical tests are presented to demonstrate efficiency and robustness of the new algorithm.
he relationship between innovation and subjective wellbeing

Innovation should improve people’s lives. The links made between innovation and subjective wellbeing (SWB) have, however, rarely been made. We use a representative survey of the British population and new primary data to explore the relationship between innovation and SWB. We show that creativity ccepted 4 April 2012 vailable online xxx
A Semester-long Journal Club Improves Self-perceived Critical Appraisal Skills in Undergraduate Sport and Exercise Science Students

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (2011) strongly encourages a shift from traditional instructor-led courses to a student-centred teaching and learning environment where inquiry driven teaching and research-orientated active learning is favoured. Traditional undergraduate courses use didactic textbooks to inform students of what is currently known in the discipline. However, textbooks are usually broad in topic matter, superficial in content and present a false image of the reality of scientific research (Hoskins & Stevens, 2009). Consequently, they present scientific visualisations with little attention paid to the research process and the experimental techniques used to generate the data (Duncan et al., 2011). As such, textbooks may stifle the development of skills that correspond with higher order thinking (levels 4 to 6) in Bloom’s taxonomy such as scientific thinking and the development of critical appraisal (Duncan et al., 2011; Krathwohl, 2002). Without these skills, reading and analysing the primary literature may appear too challenging and a point of frustration, stress and anxiety for many undergraduates (Round & Campbell, 2013).
MEDIATION OF CSR AND PROFITABILITY ON THE INFLUENCES OF GCG MECHANISMS TO THE FIRM VALUE

The purpose of this research was to determine the causal relationship among GCG mechanism, financial performance, CSR and firm’s value. The model of the research was constructed by using financial performance and CSR as intervening variables on the effect ofGCG mechanism to firm’s value. This research was accomplished on companies listed in Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2007-2013. The result showed that GCG mechanism tended to reject every CSR financing. CSR was positively affected by Return on Investment (ROI). GCG mechanism represented by institutional ownership (INWN) had a positive effect on ROI. ROI had a positive effect to return on equity (ROE), and ROE had a positive effect on the firm’s value. This study proved that ROI was mediating significantly the effect of INWN to CSR, and ROE was mediating significantly the effect of ROI to firm’s value.
How do characteristics of donors and their children influence volume and composition of banked milk

When own mother’s milk is not available, donor human milk (DHM) is the first choice in preterm infant feeding. Although worldwide strong efforts have been made to implement human milk (HM) donation, there is currently little available research on donors characteristics and their influence on volume and composition of DHM. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between social-demographic variables of donating mothers (age, residence, job, number of children), as well as gestational age and birth weight of their babies, and volume and composition of donated HM. The analysis of data revealed a statistically significant impact of maternal age and profession, as well as babies’ birth weight and donation duration, on the volume of milk donation, but no effect of donor’s place of residence. Gestational age also had an effect on the volume of milk donation, but the effect was not statistically significant (p-value on the verge of significance). Regarding milk composition, gestational age < 29 weeks, low birth weight and overall donation period were statistically correlated to higher protein content. Statistical analysis of other DHM components did not result significant except for carbohydrates, being their content inversely associated with birth weight, with p-value at the margin of significance.
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES

The aim of this study is to investigate Turkish EFL students’ and their instructors’ perceptions of using a learning management system (MyELT) in a blended learning context. The study was conducted at a state university with 129 preparatory class students, and 4 instructors of English. In order to collect data, a close – ended questionnaire was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the instructors. While the quantitative data was analysed by means of SPSS, the qualitative data was analysed through content analysis. The results indicated that the students generally have positive perceptions about the practicality of MyELT though they were not as sure about its usefulness. The findings showed no significant difference between male and female students’ perceptions and between students who had easy and limited access to the internet. Similarly, no significant correlation was found between students’ perceptions and their average grade scores. Although the instructors believed in the pedagogical value of the MyELT, they regarded it unsuccessful in their own context due to a number of reasons such as students’ lack of required ICT skills and some technical failures. ©
Radiation-induced changes in volume and CT number of gross tumour volume and parotid glands during the course of IMRT for head and neck cancers

Introduction. The CT number (CTN) for tumours and organs at risk can change with radiation therapy, which can be an early indicator for radiation response. This study investigates the correlation of radiation-induced changes in volume and CTN in gross tumour volume (GTV) and parotid glands (PG) during the course of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in head and neck cancers (HNC). Materials and methods. Re-CT scans were acquired at four weeks for 71 patients with stage II IVb HNC treated with chemoradiation. The changes in volumes and CTN of the GTV primary, GTV node, and PG at four weeks of radiation were analysed. Pearson’s correlation was used to assess any association between CTN change and volume reduction of the GTVs and PGs. Results. The volumes of the GTVs and the ipsilateral PG and contralateral PG were reduced during the course of the radiation therapy after four weeks with mean volume shrinkage of 26.30 ± 7.66 (p < 0.0001), 32.09 ± 37.2 (p < 0.04), 8.38 ± 1.61 (p < 0.0001), and 9.10 ± 1.81 cm3 (p < 0.0001), respectively, and the mean CTN reduced by 2.50 ± 5.4, 1.79 ± 4.12, 1.90 ± 3.57, and 1.99 ± 3.54 HUs, respectively. For GTVs, the CTN and GTV volume decreases were found to be positively correlated, but the relationship was weak. However, no noticeable correlation was observed between the CTN change and the volume change in both PGs. Conclusions. The CTN changes in GTVs and PGs during delivery of radiation for HNC are measurable and patient specific. The CTN can be reduced in GTVs and PGs with a reasonable correlation between the mean CTN and volume reductions in GTVs, but with no correlation with PGs.
Pathogenicity of Simplicillium lanosoniveum to Coccus hesperidum

Simplicillium lanosoniveum isolate SSBG2 was isolated from the diseased C. hesper collected from Schefflera octophylla in greenhouse of the South-Siberian Botanical Garden, and identified based on morphological observation and ITS region analysis. The infected plants were inoculated with conidial suspension of the isolate SSBG2 in concentrations 1.0*10 5 /mL. It was showed that after inoculation the C. hesper female adults were more vulnerable to infection. Larvae are affected to a lesser extent. The mycelium grows under the scale and cause the death of the insect. It was indicated that S. lanosoniveum had high infectivity against C. hesper . Infection symptoms appeared on day 7 after the inoculation, the infection reached the peak on day 20. Our study provides a new isolate that affects the Coccus hesperidum .
Fiscal policy is still an effective instrument of macroeconomic policy

Recent developments in macroeconomics and macroeconomic policy, what has come to be known as 'New Consensus in Macroeconomics', downgrades the role of fiscal policy and upgrades that of monetary policy. This contribution aims to consider this particular contention by focusing on fiscal policy. We consider fiscal policy within the current 'new consensus' theoretical framework, which views fiscal policy as ineffective, and argue that it deserves a great deal more attention paid to it than it has been recently. We review and appraise recent and not so recent theoretical and empirical developments on the fiscal policy front. The possibility of fiscal and monetary policy coordination is proposed and discussed to conclude that it deserves a great deal more attention and careful consideration than it has been given to in the past. Our overall conclusion is that discretionary application of fiscal and monetary policy in a coordinated and focused manner as a tool of macroeconomic policy deserves serious attention paid to it than hitherto.
Essays on Energy and Climate Policy – Green Certificates, Emissions Trading and Electricity Prices

Combinations of various policy instruments to deal with the threat of climate change are used throughout the world. The aim of this article is to investigate an electricity market with two di¤erent policy instruments, Tradable Green Certi cates (TGCs) and CO2 emission allowances (an Emission Trading System, ETS). We analyze both the shortand longrun e¤ects of a domestic market and a market with trade. We nd that increasing the TGC quota obligation will decrease the electricity produced using non-renewable sources as well as the long-run total production of electricity. For the electricity produced using renewable energy sources, an increase in the quota obligation leads to increased production in almost all cases, with assumptions based on historical data. The impacts of the ETS price on the electricity production are negative for all electricity production, which is surprising. This means that the combination of ETS and TGCs gives unexpected and unwanted results for the electricity production using renewable sources, since an increase in the ETS price leads to a decrease in this production. Keywords: Climate change; Tradable green certi cates; Emission allowances; Electricity. JEL Classi cation: Q40; Q42; Q48. Address: Department of Economics, P.O. Box 640, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden. Email: anna.widerberg@economics.gu. se. The author gratefully acknowledges support from Nordic Energy Research. The author would also like to thank Eirik Amundsen, Jessica Coria, Lennart Hjalmarsson, Asa Lofgren, Jorgen Birk Mortensen and seminar participants at the School of Economics, Business and Law at the University of Gothenburg and at the NECCI Workshop 2010 for their constructive comments and feedback.
The Market for Lemmings: The Herding Behavior of Pension Funds

Using a unique dataset that covers United Kingdom defined-benefit pension fund asset allocations over the past 25 years, we present robust evidence that pension funds display strong herding behavior, and tend to herd in subgroups defined by fund size and sponsor type. We also show that, while pension funds tend to switch from equities to bonds as their liabilities mature, they mechanically rebalance their portfolios in the short term. Finally, we find that their price impact is neither persistent nor stabilizing, and that there are only small cross-sectional differences in returns across pension funds, consistent with their widespread herding behavior.