Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The knowledge and fears about court of child witnesses, schoolchildren and adults

Research in Scotland, Australia and North America has examined how children perceive the legal system, what they know about court and how the prospect of going to court makes them feel (Feber, 1985; Goodman and Reed, 1988; Flin et al., 1989). However, to date there are no comparable data for children in England. The present study focuses upon children who were scheduled to appear in court as witnesses, schoolchildren with no experience of litigation, and adults. Child witnesses and schoolchildren were found to have significantly more misunderstandings about terms and concepts in the English legal system than adults. Both groups of children perceived court as a stressful place. However, there were interesting differences in the types of fears that caused most concern, with the child witnesses' fears being mostly court-focused and the fears of the schoolchildren being more wide-ranging. The implications of these findings are discussed, including the role for individual assessment of knowledge and fears in the effective preparation of children for court and the need for the judiciary to be mindful of children and young people's limited knowledge of, and misunderstandings about the legal system.
The mediating effects of coping strategies on the relationship between secondary traumatic stress and burnout in professional caregivers in the UAE

Abstract Background: Professional caregivers dealing with traumatized victims or mental health clients are at increased risk for developing the same symptoms as persons who are exposed directly to the trauma. Aims: This research was aimed at examining the relationship between secondary traumatic stress, burnout and coping strategies in 502 professional caregivers who work in schools, hospitals, charity institutes and welfare centers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A further aim was to test the mediating effect of coping on the relationship between burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Methods: Measures used in this study were the Professional Quality of Life Questionnaire (ProQOL), The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), The Maslach Burnout Inventory: Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) and Endler and Parker’s Coping Inventory. Results: Task-focused coping, personal accomplishment and compassion satisfaction were negatively associated with secondary traumatic stress. Burnout, emotion-focused and distraction coping were positively related to secondary traumatic stress. Coping partially mediated the relationship between burnout and secondary traumatic stress. There were also significant gender differences in depersonalization and distraction coping. Conclusions: Efforts need to focus on improvement of caregivers’ work environments, enhancing their coping skills and professional development.
Tumor cell expression of programmed cell death‐1 ligand 1 is a prognostic factor for malignant melanoma

Melanoma tends to be refractory to various immunotherapies because of tumor‐induced immunosuppression. To investigate the mechanism underlining the immunosuppression of melanoma patients, the authors focused on programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1)/PD‐1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1) interaction between tumor cells and T cells.
Activities of Urease and Nickel Uptake of Helicobacter pylori Proteins are Media‐ and Host‐Dependent

Background: Nickel‐dependent urease activity and nickel supply are essential for successful colonization of Helicobacter pylori in the acidic environment of the human stomach. A comparison of media effects on these two activities have never been carried out. Additionally to H. pylori we cultivated an Escherichia coli strain expressing the urease and the nickel transporter NixA of H. pylori on the same four media and measured in all cases urease and nickel uptake activity.
Day hospital treatment for people with severe mental illness according to users’ perspectives: what helps and what hinders recovery?

Abstract Background: Scarce information is available about how users experience treatment at mental health day hospitals, particularly in South America. Aims: To explore users’ perspectives about elements of day hospital treatment that facilitate or hinder the recovery process in a mental health facility in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Methods: Semi-structured individual interviews (n = 8) and focus groups (n = 4) were carried out with a convenience sample of users of a mental health day hospital program based on a formulation, testing and redevelopment of propositions approach. Results were analyzed through grounded theory techniques. Results: Categories indicating recovery were: starting to do things, being able to see themselves from a new perspective, mood improvement and changes in interpersonal relationships. Aspects facilitating recovery were: activities organized by the facility, the group approach, the care provided by facility workers and the physical environment. Hindering aspects were: heterogeneity of users in terms of age, severity, diagnosis and being underestimated by staff. Conclusions: Being active again was considered to be the main recovery indicator in this cultural context and participating in activities led by skilled facilitators was the most beneficial factor of the program according to the users.
Clinical Characteristics of Acanthamoeba Keratitis Infections in 28 States, 2008 to 2011

Purpose: The aim was to describe a geographically and clinically diverse sample of cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and establish the risk factors for poor outcomes among patients with this disease. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, population-based case series of 116 patients with AK identified through a national surveillance network. Data were collected via a medical record review by diagnosing ophthalmologists and by phone interviews with patients. Exact logistic regression modeling was used to determine risk factors for poor visual outcomes. Results: Among patients with data available on contact lens use, it was found that 93.3% wore contact lenses. The median time from symptom onset to care seeking was 2 days, whereas the median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 27 days. Keratoplasty was performed in 27 of 81 patients with available outcome data and was more likely in patients >40 years old [odds ratio (OR) 5.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49–21.92]. When adjusted for age, the risk factors for keratoplasty included the presence of a ring infiltrate (OR 40.00, 95% CI 3.58–447.0) or any sign of stromal invasion (OR 10.48, 95% CI 2.56–55.09). One-third of patients with available data on best-corrected visual acuity had a best-corrected visual acuity <20/200, with the presence of a ring infiltrate as the only significant predictor of this outcome when adjusted for age (aOR 3.45, 95% CI 1.01–12.31). Conclusions: AK remains challenging to diagnose. Consequently, patients with advanced disease are more likely to have poor outcomes, particularly if they are older. The increasing awareness of AK among general eye care providers may shorten referral times and potentially improve outcomes.
Predictors of emotional exhaustion, disengagement and burnout among improving access to psychological therapies (IAPT) practitioners

Abstract Background: Among mental health staff, burnout has been associated with undesirable outcomes, such as physical and mental ill-health, high levels of staff turnover and poorer patient care. Aims: To estimate the prevalence and predictors of burnout amongst Improving Access to Psychological Therapist (IAPT) practitioners. Methods: IAPT practitioners (N = 201) completed an on-line survey measuring time spent per week on different types of work related activity. These were investigated as predictors of burnout (measured using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory). Results: The prevalence of burnout was 68.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 58.8–77.3%) among psychological wellbeing practitioners (PWP) and 50.0% (95% CI 39.6–60.4%) among high intensity (HI) therapists. Among PWPs hours of overtime-predicted higher odds of burnout and hours of clinical supervision predicted lower odds of burnout. The odds of burnout increased with telephone hours of patient contact among PWPs who had worked in the service for two or more years. None of the job characteristics significantly predicted burnout among HI therapists. Conclusions: Our results suggest a high prevalence of burnout among IAPT practitioners. Strategies to reduce burnout among PWPs involving reductions in workload, particularly telephone contact and increases in clinical supervision need to be evaluated.
The role of high‐dose imatinib in the management of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor

After an era of few treatment options for patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), imatinib has emerged as the standard of care and first‐line treatment for these patients. Although imatinib was initially approved at the doses of 400 and 600 mg daily, results from clinical studies established 400 mg daily as the standard initial dose for the majority of advanced GIST patients. Nevertheless, the use of high‐dose imatinib (800 mg daily) has been shown to benefit patients with advanced or metastatic GIST that progresses on the standard‐dose, and has been recommended in this setting by the major management guidelines in Europe and the United States. Results from the Meta‐GIST meta‐analysis showed that patients whose GIST harbors a KIT exon 9 mutation garner a longer progression‐free survival time when treated initially with high‐dose imatinib (800 mg daily) compared with those patients with KIT exon 11 or no mutations. Thus, the use of high‐dose imatinib is recommended by the clinical practice guidelines in these 2 specific clinical situations. In addition, clinicians should weigh the clinical benefit of administering high‐dose imatinib against the associated toxicities, as well as the proper management of dose‐related side effects. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Structural and discriminant validity of the tripartite model of mental well-being: differential relationships with the big five traits

Abstract Background: The tripartite model of mental well-being offers a comprehensive account of the nature of mental well-being. According to this model, mental well-being is composed of three distinct yet related dimensions of subjective (hedonic), psychological and social well-being. Aims: The present study investigated the structural and discriminant validity of the three well-being factors. Methods: A large American sample (N = 2732) was used. Data were analyzed using both Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM). Results: It was found that the well-being variables loaded on three separate factors, indicating that the tripartite model was consistent with the data. Discriminant validity was further evidenced by moderate correlations between the latent factors, and differential relationships with the Big Five personality traits. ESEM proved to be a more appropriate approach for analyzing the data given the presence of cross-loadings. Conclusions: These results support adequate structural and discriminant validity for the dimensions of the tripartite model.
Effect of 17β-Estradiol on Plasma Lipids and LDL Oxidation in Postmenopausal Women With Type II Diabetes Mellitus

In type II diabetes mellitus the altered hormonal state after menopause may represent an additional cardiovascular risk factor. Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is associated with a decreased cardiovascular risk, at least in nondiabetic post-menopausal women. We studied the effect of ERT on plasma lipids and lipoproteins and on LDL oxidation in 40 postmenopausal women with type II diabetes but with minimal vascular complications in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Twenty patients were treated orally with 2 mg/d micronized 17β-estradiol and 20 patients with placebo for 6 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol (-6%, P=.04), LDL cholesterol (-16%, P=.0001), and apoB (- 11%, P=.001) levels decreased and HDL cholesterol (20%, P=.0001) and apoA-I (14%, P=.0001) levels increased after ERT compared with placebo. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) decreased significantly after ERT (-3%, P=.03), the cholesterol content of the LDL particles decreased (-5%, P=.006), triglyceride content increased (16%, P=.01), and LDL particle size did not change significantly. ERT had no effect on parameters of LDL oxidation. We conclude that plasma levels of HDL cholesterol, apoA-I, LDL cholesterol, apoB, and glycated hemoglobin are improved in postmenopausal women with type II diabetes mellitus after treatment with 17β-estradiol, indicative of a better metabolic control, and that ERT has no effect on LDL oxidizability.
Imatinib plus low‐dose doxorubicin in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors refractory to high‐dose imatinib

In KIT‐expressing Ewing sarcoma cell lines, the addition of doxorubicin to imatinib increases apoptosis, compared with imatinib or doxorubicin alone. On the basis of these in vitro data, the authors conducted a phase 1‐2 trial of doxorubicin with imatinib in patients with gastrointestinal sarcoma tumors refractory to high‐dose imatinib therapy.
Bilateral Adult Epibulbar Xanthogranulomas Suspicious for Erdheim–Chester Disease

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report the clinical, imaging, and histopathological findings of bilateral, conjunctival adult-onset xanthogranulomas that raised the prospect of a mild form of Erdheim–Chester disease. Methods: This is a case report. Results: A 35-year-old white male complaining of ocular irritation, presented with bilateral, nasal and temporal, yellow, elevated conjunctival lumps first noticed 1.5 years back, which were not associated with other ocular findings. The lesions were firm, attached to the underlying episclera, and measured 1.1 × 0.9, 1.1 × 0.8, 1.2 × 0.5, and 0.5 × 0.5 cm in the temporal and nasal right and left eyes, respectively. Each mass was fleshy with vascularity at the peripheral margin. Histopathologic evaluation after excisional biopsy revealed lipidized xanthoma cells, multiple Touton giant cells, and lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for adipophilin (lipid), CD68+, CD163+ histiocytes, CD3+ T cells (with CD8+ cytotoxic T cells > CD4+ T-helper cells), and virtually no CD20+ B cells or IgG4+ plasma cells. The patient later acquired similar xanthogranulomatous subcutaneous lesions on the extremities. Positron emission tomography scans showed sclerosis in the medullary cavities of the tibia and the radius of both legs and arms, and an absence of retroperitoneal lesions. A normal serum immunoelectrophoresis and the absence of a BRAF gene mutation were demonstrated. Conclusions: Adult-onset xanthogranuloma can present as a solitary conjunctival mass without periocular or orbital involvement. The clinical, histopathologic, and radiologic findings in this case are suggestive of Erdheim–Chester disease without displaying any life-threatening lesions to date. Histopathologic and imaging studies can help in obtaining a diagnosis. Ophthalmologists should be aware that xanthogranulomatous conditions may have potential systemic implications, and a thorough systemic evaluation is recommended for lesions that initially seemed to be isolated in nature.
Unmet needs and health care utilization in young adults with cerebral palsy

Purpose. To gain insight into the unmet needs and utilization of health care of young adults with cerebral palsy (CP) and to explore relations between unmet needs, health care utilization and subject characteristics. Method. A cross-sectional study was performed in 29 young adults with CP without severe learning disabilities (IQ > 70). Subject characteristics such as age, gender, limb distribution, level of gross motor functioning, level of education and perceived participation and autonomy were measured. Outcome measures were the Southampton Needs Assessment Questionnaire, Impact on Participation and Autonomy and a questionnaire on health care utilization. Results. Young adults with CP reported unmet needs mostly on information (79%), mobility (66%) and health care (66%). About half of the participants visited a rehabilitation physician (52%) or a physical therapist (55%) in the past year. Participants with lower levels of gross motor functioning were found to have more unmet needs and visited various health care professionals more often than young adults with higher levels of gross motor functioning. However, participants with higher levels of gross motor functioning still reported several unmet needs. Conclusions. Although young adults with CP frequently receive treatment from health care professionals, they indicate unmet needs with respect to several areas such as information on diagnosis, functional mobility and formal health care. In the treatment of young adults with CP, attention should be paid to these aspects.
Detection of minimal residual disease in blood and bone marrow in early stage breast cancer

The significance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood and of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in bone marrow (BM) in patients with early stage breast cancer is unclear. In this study, the authors investigated the occurrence of CTCs and DTCs in women with early stage breast cancer and evaluated the correlation of their presence with other prognostic markers.
The role of targeted agents in preoperative chemoradiation for rectal cancer

In the United States, randomized trials have established preoperative chemoradiation as the standard of care for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Pathologic complete response (pCR) rates occur in 10% to 16% of patients and have been shown to be correlated with both disease‐free and overall survival. Therefore, recent efforts incorporating newer cytotoxic and molecularly targeted agents into chemoradiotherapy regimens have reported the pCR rate to be a surrogate marker of clinical outcomes. Substitution of oral fluoropyrimidines, including capecitabine, for infusional 5‐fluorouracil reportedly generated pCR rates of up to 32% in phase 2 studies, but definitive evaluation awaits results from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) R‐04 trial. Similarly, regimens incorporating irinotecan generated pCR rates as high as 38%, but to the authors' knowledge have not been evaluated in randomized trials. In contrast, 2 large randomized trials reported that the addition of weekly oxaliplatin to fluoropyrimidine‐based chemoradiation led to an increase in grade 3/4 toxicity but no difference in pCR rates. Early phase trials evaluating the anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody cetuximab in combination with chemoradiation reported modest pCR rates of 5% to 12%, and efforts have focused on identifying biomarkers of response including EGFR copy number, k‐ras mutational status, and both serum and tumor‐specific expression of EGFR ligands. Finally, incorporation of the anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor antibody bevacizumab into chemoradiation appears to be safe and feasible, with initial studies reporting a beneficial effect on vascular normalization and correlations between circulating biomarkers of angiogenesis and pathologic response. Future efforts should include prospective studies of these agents in biomarker‐defined subpopulations, as well as studies of novel agents that target angiogenesis, tumor‐stromal interaction, and the cell signaling pathways implicated in colorectal cancer. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Surgical management of tendinopathy of biceps femoris tendon in athletes

Purpose. To report on the clinical features and results of surgical management of 11 athletes who were operated on for tendinopathy of the tendon of the biceps femoris. Methods. Eleven male athletes (average age 24.4, range 18 – 27 years) underwent surgery for tendinopathy of biceps femoris tendon. At surgery, if the tendon appeared grossly intact, with only minimal signs of adherences to the surrounding tissues, an extensive tenolysis and multiple longitudinal tenotomies were performed. If areas of tendinopathy were identified, they were excised and sent for histology. The tendon of the biceps femoris was sutured along the longitudinal tenotomy with Vicryl. If the tendon of biceps femoris was torn, the proximal end of the tendon received a Krackow stitch with Vicryl, and two suture anchors were inserted in the fibular head. The tendon of the biceps femoris was thus reconstructed. Functional ability was scored with the Cincinnati Knee Rating System. Results. The Cincinnati rating system showed a statistically significant improvement from a preoperative average rating of 35 (range 23 to 54) to an average of 74 (range 62 to 80) postoperatively (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Surgery should be considered when well-supervised nonoperative management of biceps femoris tendinopathy fails. Stripping of the paratenon, removal of degenerated tissue, and multiple longitudinal tenotomies of the biceps femoris tendon should be performed. If the tendon is torn, it should be repair under appropriate tension, and, if necessary, reinserted on the head of the fibula.
Aphthous ulcer and the effective factors on it's incidence among the students of Golestan Medical Sciences University in the north of Iran

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and probable predisposing factors of Aphthous ulcer among the medical students. This project was a cross-sectional and descriptive study, which was carried out on 485 students of Golestan University of medical sciences in the north of Iran. Data was collected by filling the questionnaire. The gathered informations entered into SPSS software and were analyzed by Chi square method. The mean age of the students was 21.8 years. 36.9% (179 persons) of subjects had positive history and 8.9% (43 persons) of them had present Aphthous ulcer at the time of interview. 70.6% of students with positive personal history of Aphthous ulcer had positive family history of Aphthous ulcer too. Internal labial mucosa was the commonest site of the lesion among the subjects with present Aphthous ulcer. We found that gender, positive family history, the field of study, the form of diet and stress had a major correlation with the incidence of Aphthous ulcer. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
The relationship between upper limb activity and impairment in post-stroke hemiplegia

Purpose. To investigate the relationship between upper limb impairments and activity limitation. Method. A cross sectional, single assessment observational study in which people with hemiplegia as a result of a stroke underwent a testing procedure in an instrumented wrist rig in which the following measures of impairment were recorded: Spasticity; motor control (ability to track a moving target); muscle activation patterns during tracking; stiffness; range of active movement and isometric muscle strength. Participants also performed clinical tests of upper limb activity (Action Research Arm Test) and hyper-tonicity (Modified Ashworth Scale). Results. Seventeen people with hemiplegia whose mean age was 57 (SD 13.4) took part. Their mean upper limb activity, measured by the Action Research Arm Test, was 19.3 (SD 11.2). Statistically significant positive relationships between level of activity and the negative features of the upper motor neuron syndrome such as motor control r = 0.710 (p = 0.003), active range of movement r = 0.540 (p = 0.025) and strength into flexion r = 0.515 (p = 0.034) and extension r = 0.575 (p = 0.016) were identified, but not with the positive features, such as spasticity or the secondary features such as stiffness. Conclusions. The negative features of the upper motor neuron syndrome appear more likely to affect upper limb activity than the positive or secondary features, but findings need confirming in different study populations, preferably with larger samples.