Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Trial of Low-Dose Ketamine and Lignocaine Infiltration for Laparo- Caecectomy in Layer Chickens

This study compared the anaesthetic effects of intramuscular injection of Ketamine (K) (15 mg/kg) with intramuscular injection of Ketamine (K) (15 mg/kg) and Lignocaine (L) (4 mg/kg) infiltration for laparo- caecectomy in 12 layer chickens (1.1±0.06 Kg) randomized into two groups (K, 5 chickens and K- L, 7 chickens). The duration of recumbency of the K-L group (100.3±16.4 min) was significantly longer (p<0.05) than that of K group (33.8±6.0 min). Time to stand for the K-L group (20.8±4.0 min) was also significantly longer (p<0.05) than those of K group (10±1.4 min). The mean heart rates, respiratory rates and cloacal temperatures were lower in the K-L group than the K group. All the birds recovered smoothly and no mortality was recorded following the procedure. In the absence of inhalatory anaesthesia, low dose ketamine and lignocaine infiltration may be a preferred anaesthetic protocol for non-protracted abdominal procedures such as laparo-caecectomy in birds.
The Relations Between Secrecy, Rejection Sensitivity and Autonomy-Connectedness

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two attachment-related variables on secrecy: rejection sensitivity and autonomy-connectedness. We hypothesized that rejection sensitivity is positively associated with secrecy, and autonomy-connectedness negatively with rejection sensitivity and secrecy. These hypotheses were generally corroborated in a sample of 303 university students. Moreover, we found that autonomy-connectedness at least partly explained the association between rejection sensitivity and secrecy. Self-awareness was negatively related to secrecy, suggesting that being aware of what one needs and thinks and being able to realize one's needs in social interactions reduce the tendency to keep secrets. In addition, interesting gender effects were found suggesting that men have a higher tendency to have secrets than women after controlling for the effects of autonomy-connectedness and rejection sensitivity. Our findings deepen the insight into possible reasons behind established associations between rejection sensitivity and secrecy, and may have clinical implications.
Interprofessional team meetings: Opportunities for informal interprofessional learning

Abstract This study explores the potential for workplace interprofessional learning, specifically the learning that occurs between health professionals as part of their attendance at their regular interprofessional team meetings. While most interprofessional learning research to date has focused on formal structured education programs, this study adds to our understanding of the complexities of the learning processes occurring between health professionals as part of everyday practice. Through observations of team meetings and semi-structured interviews, we found that the interprofessional team meeting provided a practical, time-efficient, and relevant means for interprofessional learning, resulting in perceived benefits to individuals, teams, and patients. The learning process, however, was influenced by members’ conceptions of learning, participation within the meeting, and medical presence. This study provides a basis for further research to assist health professionals capitalize on informal learning opportunities within the interprofessional meeting.
Enhanced replication of HIV‐1 in vivo in pigtailed 
macaques (Macaca nemestrina)

Non‐human primate models for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are important for studies of prevention and intervention strategies. Ideally, such models would make use of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) and animals that are readily available for research. HIV‐1 was obtained from an infected macaque, and passaged sequentially in three groups of two Macaca nemestrina neonates each. Evidence for enhanced viral replication was first found in one of the group 2 animals, and in both group 3 animals. Observations that underlie this conclusion are sustained viral recovery from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), increased and accelerated production of antiviral antibodies, and the ability to detect plasma viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) months after infection. There was no evidence of CD4 depletion in any of the animals during the follow‐up period. These data suggest that a useful non‐human primate model for AIDS can be attained in pigtailed macaques (M. nemestrina).
The demographics of a 15-year decline in cover of the caribbean reef coral Montastraea annularis

On Caribbean reefs, a striking trend of the last 25 years has been the decline in cover of the framework-building coral Montastraea annularis, a species that has dominated reefs throughout the region for millennia. Clearly, such losses are important ecologically, but to evaluate their significance fully, they need to be placed in the context of the proximal causes and balanced against the potential for gains in cover through growth and recruitment. In this study, a population of M. annularis in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, was censused annually from 1988 to 2003 to quantify coral cover and construct a size-based demographic model. The model was developed to explore the mechanisms of change in coral cover and to ascertain likely trajectories for future population growth. Over the study period, the cover of M. annularis declined from 41% in 1988, to 12% by 1999 (a 72% decline) but remained unchanged statistically for the last five years of the study. Between 1988 and 2003, colony abundances declined by 57.
MiR‐329 suppresses osteosarcoma development by downregulating Rab10

MiR‐329 has been proved to be a tumor suppressor gene in various malignancies, however, its role in osteosarcoma remains elusive. We found that miR‐329 is remarkably downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and relates to advanced stages. MiR‐329 is able to inhibit osteosarcoma cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. In addition, miR‐329 also suppresses wound‐healing and migration ability of osteosarcoma cells and inhibits tumorigenicity in vivo. Rab10 was identified as a target of miR‐329 in osteosarcoma and mediates its biofunction. These findings may shed light to the understanding of tumor development in osteosarcoma.
Comorbid anxiety in phenotypes of pediatric bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE There has been limited research on anxiety in pediatric bipolar disorder (BPD). Adult BPD studies suggest comorbid anxiety disorders are common and impact treatment outcome. We explored the association of comorbid anxiety with two phenotypes of pediatric BPD. METHODS We studied two groups of children. The first group (BPD; N = 31) represents the "narrow phenotype" of pediatric BPD, meeting stringent DSM-IV criteria for mania, including duration and elevated/expansive mood. The second group (ED; N = 32) exhibited chronic, non-episodic irritability without elation or grandiosity ("broad phenotype"). RESULTS Both samples demonstrate high prevalence of anxiety (BPD 77.4%; ED 46.9%). In the BPD sample, anxiety predates BPD onset, and those with comorbid anxiety have earlier age of onset of BPD than those without. Children with BPD plus anxiety have more hospitalizations than those without anxiety. ED subjects with and without comorbid anxiety did not differ with respect to onset of ED symptoms or number of hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS Narrow and broad phenotype BPD children have high rates of comorbid anxiety, although only in the narrow phenotype group is comorbid anxiety associated with greater functional impairment BPD plus comorbid anxiety may represent a particularly severe phenotype of pediatric BPD.
[Isokinetic evaluation of the knee flexor muscles after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using gracilis and semitendinous tendon grafts].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to evaluate recovery of hamstring force after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using gracilis and semitendinous tendon grafts. MATERIAL AND METHODS Isokinetic evaluation of the knee flexor muscles was performed with the system 3 Biodex isokinetic dynameter in twelve patients (mean age 26 years) 12 to 24 months after ligamentoplasty. Concentric (60 degrees /s, 180 degrees /s, 300 degrees /s) and excentric forces were measured. We retained for analysis: 1) moment of maximal force, 2) moment of force at 75 degrees knee flexion, and 3) work. RESULTS The knee flexor muscles of the operated limb exhibited greater deficit when considering force at 75 degrees knee flexion (24%, 15%, and 18% concentric deficit at 60 degrees /s, 180 degrees /s, and 300 degrees /s respectively, and 20% excentric deficit) than when considering maximal force (14%, 7%, 5% concentric deficit at 60 degrees /s, 180 degrees /s, and 300 degrees /s respectively and 9% excentric deficit). DISCUSSION This study demonstrates persistent deficit of knee flexor muscle force 12 to 24 months after anterior cruciate ligament repair with hamstring muscle tendons. The deficit reaches 15% to 24% at 75 degrees of knee flexion. The protective role of the hamstring muscles for the cruciate graft submitted to important stress may be compromised by the lack of recovery of knee flexor force more than one year after ligamentoplasty.
Evaluation of Algorithms for the Treatment of Problem Bleeding Episodes in Patients With Hemophilia Having Inhibitors

The correlation between real-world clinical decisions and adherence to published treatment algorithms for problem bleeding episodes in patients with severe hemophilia and inhibitors and the resultant impact on clinical outcomes were assessed. Nine cases documenting treatment for problem bleeding episodes in patients with severe hemophilia and inhibitors were retrospectively reviewed. Adherence to treatment algorithms was rated on a scale of 1 to 5, 1 being no adherence and 5 being very high adherence. Adherence ratings >3 were assigned to 7 cases in which high adherence was associated with ≤4 days to achieve hemostatic control; hospitalization for ≤7 days was noted in 6 of these cases. In cases rated ≤3 (n = 2), time to hemostatic control ranged from 5 to 8 days and hospitalization duration ranged from 10 to 16 days. These findings suggest that adherence to treatment algorithms may be beneficial in treating problem bleeding events in patients with hemophilia and inhibitors.
An abnormality of the alternate pathway of complement activation in sickle-cell disease.

Abstract Enhancement of phagocytosis by serum from patients with sickle-cell disease was studied in an attempt to define further the opsonin deficiency present in the disorder and its role in the increased susceptibility of these patients to infection. Serums from 28 patients promoted phagocytosis of pneumococci normally if the bacteria had previously been sensitized with an excess of antibody, but a deficiency emerged when the amount of antibody added to the system was decreased. The abnormality could not be attributed to a deficiency of antibody or complement components. However, under conditions that prevented activation of C1 and the classic complement sequence, the serums did not fully activate and fix the essential opsonin C3 to the micro-organism by the alternate pathway. When specific antibody is deficient, such patients may be unable to phagocytize invading pneumococci normally because of an inability to utilize fully the alternate pathway as a mediator of natural immunity. (N Engl J Med 288:803–.
Asymmetry of Temporal Processing in Listeners With Normal Hearing and Unilaterally Deaf Subjects

Objectives: In general, auditory cortex on the left side of the brain is specialized for processing of acoustic stimuli with complex temporal structure including speech, and the right hemisphere is primary for spectral processing and favors tonal stimuli and music. This asymmetry in processing is further emphasized when hemisphere-favored stimuli are presented to the contralateral ear. The purpose of the first experiment is to further investigate the properties that dictate lateralized processing of auditory stimuli by ear and the relationship between auditory task and stimulus type. Next, it is not clear what compensation may exist for the loss of function of one ear and consequently, reduced access to functions primary performed in the opposite hemisphere, in the case of early unilateral profound hearing loss. The purpose of experiment 2 is to determine if any compensation for loss of function is seen in persons with early unilateral deafness. Design: Experiment 1: Gap detection thresholds were determined in 30 right-handed listeners with normal hearing using wide-band noise markers (temporally complex), 400 and 4000 Hz pure tones presented individually to the left and right ears. Experiment 2: The same procedure was administered to listeners with early-onset, severe-to-profound unilateral deafness (seven left ear deaf and five right ear deaf) in the hearing ear alone. Results: A significant right ear advantage was found for gap detection threshold using noise markers and a smaller left ear advantage was found for tonal stimuli. Listeners with unilateral deafness demonstrated that the hearing ear, left or right, performed in a manner similar to listeners with normal hearing. Conclusions: Results indicate that (1) gap marker, more than task, was the salient feature in determining laterality of processing in this experiment, (2) the two ears have distinct processing capacity based on stimulus type, and (3) compensation for loss is not apparent in persons with congenital unilateral deafness.
Examination of the Triarchic Assessment Procedure for Inconsistent Responding in Six Non-English Language Samples

The Triarchic Assessment Procedure for Inconsistent Responding (TAPIR; Mowle et al., 2016) was recently developed to identify inattentiveness or comprehension difficulties that may compromise the validity of responses on the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM; Patrick, 2010). The TAPIR initially was constructed and cross-validated using exclusively English-speaking participants from the United States; however, research using the TriPM has been increasingly conducted internationally, with numerous foreign language translations of the measure emerging. The present study examined the cross-language utility of the TAPIR in German, Dutch, Swedish, and Italian translations of the TriPM using 6 archival samples of community members, university students, forensic psychiatric inpatients, forensic detainees, and adolescents residing outside the United States (combined N = 5,404). Findings suggest that the TAPIR effectively detects careless responding across these 4 translated versions of the TriPM without the need for language-specific modifications. The TAPIR total score meaningfully discriminated genuine participant responses from both fully and partially randomly generated data in every sample, and demonstrated further utility in detecting fixed “all true” or “all false” response patterns. In addition, TAPIR scores were reliably associated with inconsistent responding scores from another psychopathy inventory. Specificity for a range of tentative cut scores for assessing profile validity was modestly reduced among our samples relative to rates previously obtained with the English version of the TriPM; however, overall the TAPIR appears to demonstrate satisfactory cross-language generalizability.
Expression of Dmrt1 in a turtle with temperature-dependent sex determination

There is a variety of sex determining mechanisms among vertebrates. Many reptiles possess temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), in which the incubation temperature of the egg determines the sex of the hatchling. The red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta has often been used as a model system for examining the physiology of TSD. In the current study, the expression of Dmrt1 was examined during TSD in this turtle. Dmrt1 is a putative regulator of sex determination/differentiation and has been identified in a variety of vertebrates, including fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Specifically, Dmrt1 has been shown to be up-regulated in a male-specific pattern during embryonic development in many vertebrates. In the current study, the expression patterns of Dmrt1 were examined in the developing adrenal-kidney-gonad complexes of T. scripta during embryonic development. Using a quantitative competitive RT-PCR, Dmrt1 was shown to be up-regulated during the thermosensitive period of sex determination in males. In contrast, levels of Dmrt1 remained low in females throughout the thermosensitive period. These data suggest that the up-regulation of Dmrt1 may play a role in male sex determination/sex differentiation during TSD in T. scripta.
Treatment of older people with dementia in surgical wards from the viewpoints of the patients and close relatives.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe the treatment of older people with dementia in surgical wards from the viewpoints of the patients and their close relatives. BACKGROUND Little is known about the impact of the increasing number of older people with dementia on the treatment of patients in acute care. DESIGN A qualitative, descriptive design was used. METHOD The data were collected using unstructured interviews, which were then subjected to inductive content analysis. RESULTS Support from close relatives was significant for the mental and social wellbeing of older dementia patients during their hospital stay. People with dementia felt insecure in their relatives' absence, and missed them. For the relatives, the patients' hospital stay was emotionally heavy. The relatives desired more emotional support from the nursing staff. The participating patients hoped that the nursing staff would spend more time discussing their cases with them. One of the factors that hindered good care of an older person with dementia was use of restraint. Relatives felt that use of restraints violated patients' dignity. CONCLUSIONS To improve the treatment of the people with dementia, the close relatives need to participate in planning the nature of care for the patients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The results are applicable for efforts to improve the abilities of nursing staff, physicians and close relatives in the treatment of older people with dementia in acute care settings.
beta3-Adrenergic stimulation produces a decrease of cardiac contractility ex vivo in mice overexpressing the human beta3-adrenergic receptor.

OBJECTIVES The regulation of cardiac function by catecholamines involves three populations of beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR). beta(1)- and beta(2)-AR stimulations produce an increase in contractility and beta(3)-AR stimulation mediates a negative inotropic effect in human ventricular muscle. Because of the lack of suitable animal models, we have generated transgenic mice with cardiac-specific expression of the human beta(3)-AR (TG beta(3) mice). METHODS TG beta(3) mice were produced by microinjection of the human beta(3)-AR under the control of the alpha myosin heavy chain promoter. Phenotypic analyses comprised beta(3)-AR mRNA and protein determinations, histological studies, electrocardiogram, contractility and cyclic nucleotide measurements. RESULTS TG beta(3) mice presented no histological evidence of myocyte hypertrophy or fibrogenesis. In basal conditions, TG beta(3) mice were characterized by an increase in heart rate and an acceleration of twitch parameters without modification of its amplitude. beta(3)-AR agonists (CL 316243, SR 58611A) decreased contractility at low concentrations (1-100 nM). At high concentrations, the negative inotropic effect was abolished. Pretreatment with nadolol, a beta(1)/beta(2)-AR blocker, blunted the rebound in peak tension elicited by beta(3)-AR agonists suggesting a non-specific action of these compounds on beta(1)- and beta(2)-AR. The involvement of beta(3)-AR in the negative inotropic effect was confirmed by the pretreatment with bupranolol, a non-selective beta-AR antagonist, which fully abolished the effects of SR 58611A. The negative inotropic effect was associated with an increase in intracellular cGMP level. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that cardiac overexpression of beta(3)-AR in mice reproduces ex vivo the negative inotropic effects obtained with beta(3)-AR stimulation in human ventricular tissues.
Neuropsychological sequelae of bacterial meningitis: the influence of alcoholism and adjunctive dexamethasone therapy.

The article by Schmidt and colleagues (2006) reported neuropsychological sequelae of bacterial and viral meningitis. In a retrospective study, they carefully selected patients and excluded those with concomitant conditions such as alcoholism after Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis (Schmidt et al ., 2006). The authors should be complimented for their solid work; however, some questions can be raised. First, their analysis did not show relevant differences between patients after S. pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis . This is discordant with findings of a previous prospective study on cognitive outcome of patients with good recovery after bacterial meningitis (van de Beek et al ., 2002). The authors explain this discrepancy by the assumption that results of this previous study have been biased by inclusion of patients after pneumococcal meningitis with alcoholism. Alcoholism is a predisposing factor for …
THE ROLE OF INTERFERON IN PERSISTENT INFECTION WITH FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS.

SUMMARY: Calf kidney cell cultures persistently infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) resist challenge with related and unrelated viruses. Attachment of challenge virus to persistently infected cells is not impaired. A challenge with viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) will not overcome the resistance of persistently infected cells. The initiation of persistence is correlated with the amount of interferon produced in the cells. It is concluded that interferon plays a major role in initiation and maintenance of the carrier state of the cells.