Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
One year ozonesonde measurements at Kerguelen Island (49.2°S, 70.1°E): Influence of stratosphere‐to‐troposphere exchange and long‐range transport of biomass burning plumes

We analyze a 1 year campaign of 17 ozonesondes launched in 2008-2009 at Kerguelen Island (49.2°S, 70.1°E), the first such soundings performed at this location. Tropospheric ozone presents a large variability in austral summer (December to February) and austral winter (June to September). The baseline tropospheric ozone is higher in winter (between 30 and 50 ppbv) than in summer (between 20 and 40 ppbv). We compare these observations to a data set obtained during the same period at Lauder (45.0°S, 169.7°E), which presents a marked seasonal pattern. The analysis of trajectory runs and reanalysis output help identify two significant contributors to the tropospheric ozone level at Kerguelen: the stratosphere-to-troposphere air mass transport and the long-range transport of biomass burning plumes. The stratosphere-to-troposphere transport is exemplified by a case study of a dry and enriched ozone layer over Kerguelen (70 ppbv at an altitude of 6 km on 28 February 2009). Using Lagrangian model simulations, we show that wintertime enhancement of the tropospheric ozone baseline can be partially attributed to the long-range transport of ozone precursors from biomass burning plumes originating in southern America and Africa. However, owing to limited data and to the many factors that can cause this wintertime baseline ozone enhancement, further investigations are needed to fully explain it. Additional measurements are also needed to establish an ozone climatology, to further characterize the ozone annual cycle and wintertime enhancement, and to better compare Kerguelen with other midlatitude sites.
Talent Management in Agricultural Higher Education System in Iran: Based on Grounded Theory

This study provides a framework and definition to the notion of talent management process and describes how it fits the human resources architecture of agricultural higher education system in Iran. This qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews for data collection and systematic grounded theory methods for data analysis. For this study, we selected and interviewed 15 experts of agricultural extension and education and human resources management by snowball sampling. Furthermore, we transcribed and analyzed the interviews and literature using the MAXQDA software. Using the systematic Grounded Theory Method, our findings suggest that equal treatment with talents and other staff was the main concern of the experts. Based on the results, organizational factors and human factors were involved to resolve this concern. In addition, with regard to the contextual and individual factors, the talent management process can play an important role in improving workforce and the organizational performance in agricultural higher education system.
19 PTSD , Neuroimaging and Psychotherapy : A Fruitful Encounter

Most of us have dealt with a traumatic event of some kind such as loss, accident, or illness, or will be dealing with one at some point in our lives. Psychological trauma is closely related to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), involving three sets of symptoms: (i) reliving trauma (traumatic memories, nightmares, intrusive thoughts); (ii) emotional avoidance/numbness (affective distance, emotional anaesthesia); and (iii) increased arousal (irritability, insomnia and hypervigilance) (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Lifetime prevalence of PTSD-triggering traumatic events may be as much as 50–90%, and actual prevalence in the general population is about 8% (Kessler et al., 1995; Vieweg et al., 2006), while partial PTSD (pPTSD) in an at-risk groups have been estimated at approximately 30% (Weiss et al., 1992). After noting that individuals who do not meet the full set of diagnostic criteria for PTSD may suffer from clinically significant symptoms of PTSD (Weiss et al., 1992), the concept of pPTSD or subthreshold PTSD was introduced to describe subsyndromal forms of PTSD (Blanchard et al., 1995; Stein et al. 1997). Thus, exposure to traumatic stressors and psychological trauma is widespread, with a wide range of cognitive and behavioral responses/outcomes among trauma survivors (Peres et al., 2009; 2011). One of the main psychological sequelae of traumatic experiences is conditioning of specific fears. In addition to PTSD, traumatic events can significantly influence major depression, somatoform disorders, panic and anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, phobic disorders, and substance abuse (Peres et al., 2009). Although traumatic events are associated with PTSD in the literature, traumatized people do not meet DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition) criteria for PTSD in many cases and often present a range of psychoform or somatoform symptoms. Considerable overlap in symptoms and disease comorbidity has been noted for medically unexplained symptoms in the primary care setting, such as chronic fatigue syndrome, low back pain, irritable bowel syndrome, primary headaches, fibromyalgia, temporomandibular joint disorder, major depression, panic attacks, and PTSD (Peres et al., 2009). Epidemiologic surveys increasingly point to a relation between exposure to traumatic events and more health care utilization, adverse health outcomes, onset of specific diseases, and premature death (Corrigan et al., 2005; Keane et al., 2006). Certain characteristics of traumas, particularly peritraumatic cognitive response and related cognitions, appear to heighten the risk for PTSD (Peres et al.,
Special Issue on "Boon of Modern Research in Chemistry" Facile Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO/CuO Nanocomposite for Humidity Sensor Application

ZnO/CuO nanocomposite was synthesized by microwave-assisted technique using ionic liquid. The nanocomposite was studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), particle size analyser (PSA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analyser (TGDTA). The ZnO/CuO nanocomposite was confirmed by XRD with JCPDS card numbers along with average crystallite size in nano meter range. Average particle size was obtained as 28 nm and 34 nm for different temperatures. SEM images inferred that the nanocomposite shown high porous nature. The Zn-O and Cu-O stretching bands were observed in FTIR. The weight losses of the sample and phase transformation details were obtained by TGDTA. The humidity sensing property of the nanocomposite increased along with increasing of annealing temperature.
Lefschetz (1,1)-theorem in tropical geometry

For a tropical manifold of dimension n we show that the tropical homology classes of degree (n-1, n-1) which arise as fundamental classes of tropical cycles are precisely those in the kernel of the eigenwave map. To prove this we establish a tropical version of the Lefschetz (1, 1)-theorem for rational polyhedral spaces that relates tropical line bundles to the kernel of the wave homomorphism on cohomology. Our result for tropical manifolds then follows by combining this with Poincar\'e duality for integral tropical homology. Comment: 27 pages, 6 figures, published version
Recolonization history and large-scale dispersal in the open sea: the case study of the North Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L

Most studies of the genetic structure of Atlantic cod have focused on small geographical scales. In the present study, the genetic structure of cod sampled on spawning grounds in the North Atlantic was examined using eight microsatellite loci and the Pan I locus. A total of 954 cod was collected from nine different regions: the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, the Celtic Sea, the Irish Sea and Icelandic waters during spring 2002 and spring 2003, from Norwegian waters and the Faroe Islands (North and West spawning grounds) in spring 2003, and from Canadian waters in 1998. Temporal stability among spawning grounds was observed in Icelandic waters and the Celtic Sea, and no significant difference was observed between the samples from the Baltic Sea and between the samples from Faroese waters. F-statistics showed significant differences between most populations and a pattern of isolation-by-distance was described with microsatellite loci. The Pan I locus revealed the presence of two genetically distinguishable basins, the North-west Atlantic composed of the Icelandic and Canadian samples and the North-east Atlantic composed of all other samples. Permutation of allele sizes at each microsatellite locus among allelic states supported a mutational component to the genetic differentiation, indicating a historical origin of the observed variation. Estimation of the time of divergence was approximately 3000 generations, which places the origin of current genetic pattern of cod in the North Atlantic in the late Weichselian (Wisconsinian period), at last glacial maximum.
Looking Inside a Conglomerate: Efficiency of Internal Capital Allocation and Managerial Power Within a Firm

Does more bargaining power of managers inside a firm lead to larger allocations of capital? To tackle this question, we use unique and proprietary panel data on planned and realized capital allocations inside a very large conglomerate. The firm operates worldwide, is headquartered in Europe and has 5 divisions and 22 business units. We measure bargaining power by looking at the three complementary measures of power: (i) tenure of the division CEOs, (ii) whether they have the local nationality and (iii) whether they have an engineering degree (the firm has a very strong and very long engineering tradition). We find that (ex ante) planned allocations of capital are not distorted by bargaining power. Then we study how unexpected cash windfalls at the headquarter level are distributed inside the firm. The cash windfalls result from the sale of equity holdings in other firms and are exogenous to the divisions and business units. We find that managers with more bargaining power get a larger part of the cash windfalls for their own business units. Our results suggest that bargaining power does not matter in formalized allocation processes but rather when it comes to the ad hoc distribution of unexpected cash windfalls. We show that our power variables do not proxy for ability.
An Investigation on Leadership Styles in Different Cultures

During the past few years, there have been term undoes efforts on leadership style and various aspects of different leadership style. Some firms can achieve effective business performance by developing strong organizational culture and effective leadership while many studies indicate that firms can achieve effective business performance by developing strong organizational culture and effective leadership. This paper reviews recent advances on leadership style and various aspects of organizational cultures completed during the past few years. The paper concentrates on recently published articles appeared in the world.
Sex-specific life-history responses to seasonal time constraints in an alpine caddisfly

Hypotheses: (1) Facultative species that occur in permanent and temporary streams can be locally adapted to their stream of origin or exhibit life-history plasticity. (2) Temporary stream populations respond to environmental cues signalling stream drying whereas permanent stream populations do not. (3) Sex-specific selection pressures imposed by seasonal time constraints imply that males prioritize early maturation whereas females maximize body size at maturity. Organism: Permanent and temporary stream populations of the alpine caddisfly Allogamus uncatus (Trichoptera) in the Val Roseg, Switzerland. Methods: We used a common garden experiment to test whether males and females from both stream types differed in their life-history response to combined changes in photoperiod (ambient vs. late) and hydroperiod (constant vs. drying). Results: Caddisflies exhibited life-history plasticity, although responses varied by time constraint cue and sex. Both sexes shortened development time in the late photoperiod treatments, but neither sex showed a stronger developmental response when exposed to both time constraint cues. Males emerged earlier and at a smaller size than females, and permanent stream males responded to stream drying. Females from both populations increased growth rate in the combined stress treatment, but only permanent stream females responded to hydroperiod stress with decreased growth rate and size at emergence. Temporary stream insects did not emerge earlier than permanent stream insects.
Pre-slaughter losses of broilers: effect of time period of the day and lairage time in a subtropical climate

As perdas por mortalidade nas operacoes pre-abate de frangos de corte constituem-se desafios atuais na manutencao da lideranca do setor avicola brasileiro no cenario mundial. Com relacao ao ambiente termico e sua influencia no manejo em abatedouros, algumas pesquisas tem avancado quanto ao entendimento destas variaveis no bem-estar das aves. Entretanto, poucos estudos foram realizados em condicoes subtropicais, considerando a analise conjunta dos fatores termicos envolvidos. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a mortalidade de frangos de corte, transportados ao longo dos periodos diarios e submetidos aos diferentes intervalos de tempo de espera em abatedouro. A pesquisa foi conduzida em um abatedouro comercial no Estado de Sao Paulo, no ano de 2006. Mais de 13 mil caminhoes foram registrados quanto aos dados de mortalidade de frangos de corte durante as operacoes pre-abate, bem como os fatores influentes nas perdas, tais como os periodos do dia em que as aves foram transportadas, tempo de espera pre-abate e variaveis bioclimaticas. Durante o periodo da tarde foram registradas as maiores proporcoes de mortalidade durante o transporte, ou seja, em torno de 13 aves por caminhao. Quanto a interacao entre periodos diarios e tempo de espera em abatedouro, durante o periodo da manha e tarde, a mortalidade foi menor quando as aves foram submetidas ao tempo de espera acima de duas horas em galpao climatizado. Tais resultados evidenciam o nivel de perdas pre-abate por mortalidade em periodos quentes a importância da ambiencia durante a espera pre-abate de frangos de corte, com a adocao de intervalos de tempo maiores quando o ambiente de espera for climatizado.
Pulmonary function in ulcerative colitis

Background: Pulmonary involvement in ulcerative colitis (UC) is thought to be rare. There is not a definite document about the question that "Is the lung a target organ in inflammatory bowel disease? " The aim of the present study is to compare lung function between cases with UC and healthy controls. This study will also be of interest about searching the outbreak of pulmonary function abnormalities in a sample of Iranian patients with UC and factors associated with severity of UC. Methods: In an analytic cross sectional study between July 2006 and September 2007, we evaluated 70 patients with histologically confirmed UC and 70 matched healthy people. Our checklist addressed demographic variables, symptoms, smoking behavior, drugs, laboratory findings and pulmonary function tests. Results: None of the lung volumes and capacities were significantly different in cases as compared to controls. Severity of UC was mild in 65.7%. It was correlated with smoking (P=0.019) and allergy (P=0.017). Patients with moderate UC had lower hemoglobin (P<.001), MCH (P=0.002), MCV (P=0.047), MCHC (P=0.028) and higher REFF (P=0.032) and BF (P=0.01). Conclusion: The controversies about the relation between UC and lung disease can be due to different sample sizes, activity of UC at the time of measurement of lung volumes, methods of measuring lung capacities at the time of PFT and different nationalities.
Evaluating the Trade Effect of Developing Regional Trade Agreements: A Semi-Parametric Approach

Many recent papers have pointed to ambiguous trade effects of developing regional trade agreements (RTAs), calling for a reassessment of their economic merits. The author focuses on seven such agreements currently in force in Sub-Saharan Africa (ECOWAS and SADC), Asia (AFTA and SAPTA) and Latin America (CACM, CAN, and MERCOSUR), estimating their impacts on their members' trade flows. Instead of the usual dummy variables for RTAs, he proposes a variable taking into account the number of years of membership. He then combines a gravity model with kernel estimation techniques to capture the non-monotonic trade effects while imposing minimal structure on the model. The results indicate that except for SAPTA, these RTAs have had a positive impact on their members' intra-trade over the estimation period (1960-99). AFTA seems to be the most successful among them, with an estimated positive impact on its members' imports from the rest of the world (hence no trade diversion), but its impact on their exports to the rest of the world is rather limited. During its first 10 years of existence, ECOWAS appears to have had a positive impact on its members' imports from the rest of the world (hence no trade diversion), but this positive impact vanished over time. SAPTA's negative impact on its members' intra-trade is probably an implicit effect of the India-Pakistan tensions over the estimation period.
Needle characteristics of Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani A.Rich.): degradation of epicuticular waxes and decrease of photosynthetic rates with increasing needle age

The evergreen conifer Cedrus libani A.Rich. Is frost- and drought-tolerant and of economic and ecological importance. It has valuable timber and thus has promising potential for cultivation within and outside its natural distribution. Our aim was to determine the morphological and physiological characteristics of C. Libani needle leaves with respect to epicuticular waxes, photosynthetic assimilation rates, and needle age. The study was conducted in the Cedar Research Forest near Elmali, Antalya (SW Turkey) at 1650 m a.s. l. An equation to calculate needle surface area from needle length was created (R2 = 0.96) for adult cedar needles. The form factor for total needle surface area to projected needle surface area was 3.248. The epicuticular wax morphology using scanning electron microscopy showed that the rhomboidal needles of C. Libani possess a dense and intact network of tubular wax crystals, which is common in the family Pinaceae. Wax crystals were found on all sites of the needles and were especially dominant on epistomatal cavities. Wax degradation started in 1-year-old needles and increased with advancing age. The degree of wax degradation gave no indication of significant stress or damage at the study site (e.g., air pollution, extreme drought events). Gas exchange properties were derived from light response and A/ci curves measured in situ in 1-year-old and 2-year-old needles of mature C. Libani trees. Compared to 1-year-old needles, net carbon assimilation rates decreased by about 25% in 2-year-old needles. Assimilation rates and respiration rates were comparable with other conifers, showing no signs of significant stress with needle age. The aging of needles affected both the epicuticular wax structures and the photosynthetic performance. It remains to be clarified to what degree wax degradation influences the decrease of photosynthesis in cedar needles.
Entrepreneurial Behavior and Constraints Faced by the Rose Growers

The research study was conducted in Dharwad district during 2013-14, with a sample size of 120, farmers were randomly selected from three taluks viz, Hubli, Dharwad and Kalagatagi. The results revealed that 37.50 per cent of the respondents belonged to medium entrepreneurial behaviour category, whereas, 32.50 per cent and 30 per cent belonged to low and high entrepreneurial behaviour category respectively. Further, entrepreneurial behavioural characteristics such as innovativeness was medium (38.33%) in rose growers 45 per cent of rose growers had medium achievement motivation, 40 per cent of the respondents belonged to medium economic motivation category, 46.66 per cent of the rose growers belonged to intermediate decision making ability category, 42.50 per cent of the rose growers and 42.22 per cent of other farmers had medium risk orientation, 44.16 per cent of the rose growers belonged to medium level leadership ability category. The characteristics such as education, annual income, mass media exposure, extension contact, were positive and significant relationship with entrepreneurial behaviour at 1% and scientific orientation and family size were positive and significant relationship with entrepreneurial behaviour. The variables such as age and land holding were not significantly related with entrepreneurial behaviour of rose growers.
Evaluation of the CloudSat surface snowfall product over Antarctica using ground-based precipitation radars

Abstract. In situ observations of snowfall over the Antarctic Ice Sheet are scarce. Currently, continent-wide assessments of snowfall are limited to information from the Cloud Profiling Radar on board the CloudSat satellite, which has not been evaluated up to now. In this study, snowfall derived from CloudSat is evaluated using three ground-based vertically profiling 24 GHz precipitation radars (Micro Rain Radars: MRRs). Firstly, using the MRR long-term measurement records, an assessment of the uncertainty caused by the low temporal sampling rate of CloudSat (one revisit per 2.1 to 4.5 days) is performed. The 10–90th-percentile temporal sampling uncertainty in the snowfall climatology varies between 30 % and 40 % depending on the latitudinal location and revisit time of CloudSat. Secondly, an evaluation of the snowfall climatology indicates that the CloudSat product, derived at a resolution of 1∘ latitude by 2∘ longitude, is able to accurately represent the snowfall climatology at the three MRR sites (biases < 15 %), outperforming ERA-Interim. For coarser and finer resolutions, the performance drops as a result of higher omission errors by CloudSat. Moreover, the CloudSat product does not perform well in simulating individual snowfall events. Since the difference between the MRRs and the CloudSat climatology are limited and the temporal uncertainty is lower than current Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) snowfall variability, our results imply that the CloudSat product is valuable for climate model evaluation purposes.
Experiential Hierarchies of Streets 1

Mental representations of spatial knowledge are organized hierarchic lly. Among people familiar with an urban environment, common spatial knowledge from these spatia l mental representations enables successful communication of place and route de scriptions, consisting of hierarchically-ordered references to prominent spatial feature s, such as streets. The more prominent a street is, the more likely it is to be known by the wayfinder rec iving the directions. The automated construction of such descriptions therefore re quires hierarchical data models ranking streets in street networks. This paper explores the re asons of overlaps in the content and hierarchical organization of common spatial knowledge a mong locals. We introduce a novel measure allowing to rank streets in a street network. T his ranking allows to construct experiential hierarchies reflecting the shared exper i nc of the streets in a city. The measure is derived from network connectivity measures, and takes into account the structure of the street network as well as the higher-order partition of the urban space into suburbs.