Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Efficiency of a Silicon Based Photovoltaic Cell Operating under Ambient Conditions in Benue State, Nigeria

The use of photovoltaic cells (solar cells) for generation of electricity is no longer uncommon in Nigeria; this is because solar energy is undoubtedly part of the solution to the problem of dwindling fossil-fuel reserves. Various technologies of photovoltaic systems are imported from different countries and are being used locally with little or no information of their appraisal and field performance. In this work the performance efficiency of a silicon based solar panel operating under ambient conditions has been determined in an experiment using an off the shelf PV module. Measurements were taken while varying the direction of the panel, the tilt angle and illuminance during the day. Results show that PV installations within Benue State and most areas within the north-Central geopolitical region will perform optimally when installed at 15⁰ in the direction of the south. Apart from outlining the efficiency limiting factors, this work also provides an efficiency chart with data that can be used for solar installation.
CHLORINE DISINFECTION BYPRODUCT MANAGEMENT IN RHODE ISLAND SOURCE WATERS USING LED-BASED UV-C DISINFECTION

High loads of natural organic matter (NOM) in source waters increase levels of toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during treatment, including trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), which are formed when NOM is chlorinated. Rates of NOM loading and, by extension, DBP formation potential vary spatially and temporally, and depend on land use within the watersheds. While non-chemical disinfection is typically based on mercury UV lamps, LED-based disinfection systems are being considered as an energy efficient alternative, since they require a fraction of the energy used by mercury lamps. This study explores the efficacy of a novel water treatment process for bacterial removal and DBP management that uses conventional NOM removal processes, and LEDbased UVC and chlorine as primary and secondary disinfectants, respectively. Samples were collected from urban, agricultural, and forested watersheds during the summer and fall of 2018. Results show that LED-UVC with secondary chlorination results in the removal of all bacteria while producing 25% of the THMs and HAAs formed through conventional treatment during summer sampling, regardless of the land use. However, increased lignin-based plant matter during fall from defoliation inhibited conventional NOM removal, increasing turbidity and reducing UV transmittance. Additionally, due to the high concentration of NOM, DBP formation exceeded MCLs during the fall season. Therefore, consideration needs to be given to not only alternative disinfection strategies, but also to more efficient NOM removal processes that will reduce byproduct formation during disinfection and increase UV transmittance.
Energy Efficiency Evaluation of Different Glazing and Shading Systems in a School Building

The energy conversations methods and techniques take a significant role in the energy performance of the buildings. Façade and shading systems are in continuous development, and recent studies are showing the importance of implementation of such systems to reduce energy consumption and enhance the effectiveness of the building performance. School buildings are mostly being used during daytime, hence, require active use of sunlight. A measure that is taken on a school building envelope can prevent overheating and overcooling and reduce the heating and cooling energy consumption but at the same time can increase the lighting energy consumption vice versa. Thus, it is necessary to optimise the energy required for climatisation of a building with lighting energy demand. The main aim of the paper is to provide analysis for façade and shading systems applied to a school building and study the effectiveness of it on energy consumption and conservation. The case study for this paper is a typical building project designed to be located in Istanbul, Turkey and has a traditional façade system which is clear double layer windows without any shading devices. The analyses of the energy efficiency of these systems will be presented. The different glazing types and shading systems alternatives will show the most efficient one to be used as some optimised alternatives for the systems. Findings indicate that proper glazing and shading systems can reduce the needed energy for heating and lightening and thus total energy consumption of a school building significantly.
Modelling of water wave propagation with FUNWAVE-TVD

Marine icing is a severe hazard for ships and structures in arctic seas. In order to predict ice depositions SINTEF is working on the SprayIce project in which the formation of sprays is modelled. In this work the possibilities of FUNWAVE-TVD for modelling large-scale wave fields, which could serve as input to the spray formation simulations, are explored. FUNWAVE-TVD numerically solves Boussinesq-type equations for the propagation of water waves. The vertical dimension is eliminated in Boussinesq-type equations by expanding the horizontal velocity around a reference level and integrating over the depth. In FUNWAVE-TVD a moving reference is incorporated. For the event of wave breaking and the dissipation of energy by wave breaking two schemes are included. The equations are rewritten to conservative form to make them suitable for the numerical schemes. The spatial scheme is a hybrid finite volume-finite difference scheme. The flux and first order derivatives are treated with a high order MUSCL-TVD scheme of which fourth and second order accurate schemes are available. Higher derivatives terms are treated with a central difference scheme. The time scheme is a third order Strong-Stability Preserving Runge-Kutta scheme with adaptive time stepping. The model is validated by simulating solitary wave collisions which are compared to experimental data obtained from literature. A head-on and an overtaking collision are simulated in which waves move in opposite direction and the same direction respectively. In both cases the results are very similar to the experimental data, but minor errors do exist. In the head-on case the simulated collision occurs faster than the experimental results and in the overtaking case the wave propagation is faster than expected. The large scale simulations show that FUNWAVE is capable of modelling these large wavefields. The nesting possibilities were also explored and demonstrate the capabilities of the code to transfer the results from a coarse grid to a finer grid. In these simulations the code is run on a computing cluster where up to 25 processors were used. Some instability problems were observed in the large scale simulations on the transition from water to land. This is attributed to the high gradients which can occur in this region and a numerical feature, the minimum water depth.
A perturbed ghost model for estimating air-gun array signatures

Source designature for seismic data acquired using an air-gun array aims to remove the effects of pulse asymmetry, bubble oscillation, array directivity, and ghosting at the sea surface. For the process to be successful, we require an accurate representation of the source signature in the far field over the full data bandwidth. The well-established approach to this problem is to derive signatures from hydrophone data recorded in the near field of the source array. We perform a least-squares inversion of the near-field data, using a representation of the physics of propagation within the vicinity of the array, according to the measured geometry and incorporating bubble motion and source ghost formation. While ghost formation is typically treated using a simple linear model of propagation and reflection at the sea surface, observations suggest that this may be too simplistic. For example, ghost amplitudes are often found to be lower than expected, and features indicative of acoustically induced cavitation are observed. Hence there is interest in developing approaches that allow us to solve for the ghost directly using additional measurements made in the near field. We present an approach that builds on the standard method of inverting for notional sources and that seeks to take account of nonlinear perturbations to the downgoing wavefield, including attenuation of the ghost. Perturbation of the ghost is described using a series of virtual notional sources situated in the water column between the guns and the sea surface. This is found to provide a more accurate treatment of the ghost and does not require optimization of model parameters as is often necessary in practice with the standard approach. It is also found that the inversion is more stable than an alternative parameter-free approach that solves directly for real and mirror virtual notional sources. The improved performance and stability are demonstrated with a field data example.
Reproductive health needs among people living with HIV/AIDS in coast region, Tanzania.

Background Scaling up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is currently underway in sub-Saharan Africa including, Tanzania, increasing survival of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and the majority of this population is of the reproductive age. This may call for programmes to pay attention to PLWHA‟s reproductive health needs. Information on fertility desire and intention would assist in the integration of sexual and reproductive health in routine care and treatment clinics in both Urban and rural areas. Despite the fact that majority of people living with HIV are of reproductive age, little attention is given to their reproductive health needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of fertility desires and intentions among PLWHA. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural and urban settings of the Coast/Pwani region districts in May 2014 at selected districts Care and Treatment Clinics (CTCs) namely Tumbi Referral hospital and Mkuranga district hospital. A total of 368 eligible PLWHA (aged 15-54years) consented and participated. Face-to-face interview were conducted using a standard questionnaire. The data obtained from this study was processed and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results The prevalence of fertility desire was 107(35%) and the fertility intention was 3 the majority desiring 0-3 as their total number of children to have in their life time. Fertility desire was predicted marital status where by being single (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 13.86, 95%CI: 4.14-46.38) and those who were married AOR: 2.23, 95%CI: 2.4910. 13, Urban residence AOR:2.34, 95%:CI 2.28-4.46 Fertility desire was associated with CD4 level >200 AOR:1.08, 95% CI:2.32-3.72, having child with current partiner AOR:0.016, 95%CI:0.004-0.006, Partiner want children AOR:0.70, 95%CI 0.02-0.27 Fertlity inetention was predicted by age where by those belonged to age group 25-34 AOR:6.91,95%CI 2.58-30.28 and marital status where by being single AOR:0.74, 95%CI:0.10-0.57,and cohabiting AOR:0.66, 95%CI:0.01-0.65. Fertility intention was
Chemical detection of non-volatile and semi-volatile decomposition markers from clandestine gravesites

Over 134,000 individuals went missing last year of which 1,340 were not found at all, the number of people who disappear due to a homicide is indeterminate as a victim’s body is required to prove a homicide unequivocally. A variety of search methodologies are applied to locate clandestine graves ranging from victim recovery dogs to geophysics. It has been highlighted that the current search methodologies to locate clandestine gravesites are not always successful and require a significant amount of time and public funding. This study sought therefore to detect the non-volatile and semi-volatile decomposition products from soil and water samples which could aid the detection of clandestine gravesites and lead to the development of field based chemical tests to speed up the search process. Three novel alternative analytical methodologies have been developed in order to allow for the detection of non-volatile and semi-volatile decomposition products in in soil and water samples from a simulated grave environment and actual casework samples. The first methodology utilised high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which indicated that over 100 decomposition specific chemicals were detected in the leachate samples. This highlighted the potential for using HPLC as an alternative method for the detection of non-volatile and semi-volatile decomposition products from soil-water samples. The second methodology developed utilised ion chromatography (IC) and has proven its capabilities for the analysis of forensic samples by differentiating between the soil samples provided and highlighting areas of interest. The third and final methodology developed utilised derivatisation gas chromatography (GC) for the targeted analysis of biogenic amines putrescine, cadaverine and methylamine. A highly specific methodology was developed for the analysis of primary amines in soil-water samples following simultaneous derivatisation of these amines using pentafluorobenazaldehyde. These amines were detected in the leachate samples from 28 to 669 days post burial, which far exceeded other longevity studies conducted within the discipline of forensic taphonomy. Putrescine was detected in the casework samples where the individual went missing more than 15 years ago and therefore highlights the suitability of the established methodology to aid in the search and recovery process of clandestine gravesites. Utilisation of these methodologies will lead to further identification of the key decomposition products produced during the human decomposition process and allows for the development of field-based chemical
A Geophysical Model Function for S‐Band Reflectometry of Ocean Surface Winds in Tropical Cyclones

Ocean surface wind remote sensing using reflectometry measurements from S‐band (2.3 GHz) digital communication satellite transmissions is demonstrated in tropical cyclones. Twelve days of airborne data were collected during the 2014 Atlantic hurricane season. An empirical model function, relating the sensed ocean surface mean square slope to wind speed, was first developed by fitting mean square slope estimates to comparison wind speed data from the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer on the same aircraft and wind direction data from the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting model. This model function was then applied for wind speed retrievals using an independent set of reflectometry measurements and validated against four data sources: Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer, the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting model, dropsondes, and flight‐level winds. Good agreement between these retrievals and comparison data was found, with a root‐mean square error between 4.9 and 6.6 m/s and a bias between −1.4 and −0.2 m/s for wind speeds up to 50 m/s.
First Fossil Wood from the Northern Pampa (Upper Pleistocene), Santa Fe Province, Argentina

The present work introduces the first anatomical and systematic study of a fossil wood found in the Northern Pampa. The diagnostic anatomical features of the fossil wood are common in the Proteaceae family and Roupala genus. This fossil wood can be included within the organ genus Scalarixylon, Pujana. This family is considered a relict group from Gondwana because of its disjunct modern distribution in Australia, Africa, Central and South America, and limited places in Asia and the Pacific Isla. This finding is particularly significant for future paleobiogeography interpretations about this region and for the occurrence of Proteaceae fossil in the Parana Basin over the Pleistocene.
Advances in targeted radiosensitiser and nanotherapeutic agents for cancer therapy

Although the treatment of cancer continues to improve, the treatment of highgrade gliomas remains a major challenge; current treatments are palliative rather than curative. This is despite a variety of multimodal treatments options including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The median survival for patients with glioblastoma multiforme is less than one year after diagnosis and generally no patients survive five years post treatment. The hypothesis underlying the work presented in this thesis is that local tumour control can be improved by exploiting elements with a high atomic number (Z) so as to increase the energy deposited in the tumour cells. The main aim is to use in vitro experiments to better understand, and consequently optimise, the role of the high-Z element for combination with chemo-radiotherapy and dose enhancement radiotherapy. This work goes part of the way to prove that combination chemo-radiotherapy can lead to outcomes that are more than simply additive and that high-atomic number nanostructured particles can be customised for radiotherapy to increase radiation-induced effects for the very radioresistant 9L cancer cells.
Unit bar architecture in a highly‐variable fluvial discharge regime: Examples from the Burdekin River, Australia

Unit bars are relatively large bedforms that develop in rivers over a wide range of climatic regimes. Unit bars formed within the highly‐variable discharge Burdekin River in Queensland, Australia, were examined over three field campaigns between 2015 and 2017. These bars had complex internal structures, dominated by co‐sets of cross‐stratified and planar‐stratified sets. The cross‐stratified sets tended to down‐climb. The development of complex internal structures was primarily a result of three processes: (i) superimposed bedforms reworking the unit bar avalanche face; (ii) variable discharge triggering reactivation surfaces; and (iii) changes in bar growth direction induced by stage change. Internal structures varied along the length and across the width of unit bars. For the former, down‐climbing cross‐stratified sets tended to pass into single planar cross‐stratified deposits at the downstream end of emergent bars; such variation related to changes in fluvial conditions whilst bars were active. A hierarchy of six categories of fluvial unsteadiness is proposed, with these discussed in relation to their effects on unit bar (and dune) internal structure. Across‐deposit variation was caused by changes in superimposed bedform and bar character along bar crests; such changes related to the three‐dimensionality of the channel and bar geometry when bars were active. Variation in internal structure is likely to be more pronounced in unit bar deposits than in smaller bedform (for example, dune) deposits formed in the same river. This is because smaller bedforms are more easily washed out or modified by changing discharge conditions and their smaller dimensions restrict the variation in flow conditions that occur over their width. In regimes where unit bar deposits are well‐preserved, their architectural variability is a potential aid to their identification. This complex architecture also allows greater resolution in interpreting the conditions before and during bar initiation and development.
Time study and skidding capacity of the wheeled skidder Timberjack 450C

For evaluating the efficiency of wheeled skidder Timberjack 450C in ground skidding system, a forest in Caspian region was selected. In the research area, trees were logged downhill to the depot by a wheeled skidder Timberjack 450C. The work elements of a skidding cycle from stump area to roadside depots were travel empty, establishment time, release the cable winch, hooking, winching, travel loaded, unhook and piling the logs. 50 skidding cycles were evaluated in this study. Thus, some factors including skidding distance, volume per cycle, slope, the number of logs per cycle and winching distance as well as time of each element in one skidding cycle were measured. After data analysis, the skidding predicting equation was applied. This time model was mainly affected by skidding distance and interaction between skidding distance and slope. The gross and net production rate in the 980 m skidding distance was 20.199 and 16.58 m3, respectively. The unit cost considering the gross and net production rate was 4.7 and 5.7 Euro m-3, respectively. Delays in times of travel empty and travel loaded were the most frequent. The time of establishment and movements of skidder for winching was the third important part of skidding cycle. Key words: Wheeled skidder, mathematical model, skidding, time study.
Local Food Potentials and Agroecology in Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia

This paper attempts to unveil the hidden potential of the local food through local food mapping, drawing local food potential based on the “triple burden” theory from Professor Moerdijati Gardjito. An index, called “index of food relocalisation” is adopted and then modified into different name called local food index due to data availability, which is expected to provide a geographical location of the local food potential by proposing a research questions: where do the local food potentials distribute in Yogyakarta Special Province, and why the local food potentials located in that particular area(s)? The findings show that Gunungkidul and Kulonprogo are two potential regencies with their local food crops availabilities This finding is accompanied by an explanation from the analysis from the agroecological subzone and spatial income distribution of paddy and second crops, production activities.
The Prevalence of Burnout among Chiropractic Practitioners

Workplace burnout is emerging as a major concern in many health professions. Despite the extensive data on the prevalence of burnout amongst various helping professionals and anecdotal evidence of it in DCs, no formal study has evaluated rates of burnout among doctors of chiropractic. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of burnout among doctors of chiropractic in the United States and compare these results with burnout data in other health care professionals. Using a non-probability convenience sampling methodology, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey and a sociodemographic questionnaire was emailed to randomized sample of licensed chiropractors. Based on the groupings, 21 % of the participants had high emotional exhaustion (EE), 8% of the participants had low personal accomplishment (PA). and had high 8% depersonalization (DP). In total, only twenty participants (2%) had met the criteria for high burnout while 539 participants (46%) were low. Results of the one-sample t test for emotional exhaustion, t (1160) :::: -16.69, p < . 001, personal accomplishment, t (1160) = 25.52,p < . 001, and depersonalization, t (1160) = -17.38,p < . 001 suggest that chiropractors' overall burnout scores were significantly lower than health care norms. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were found in the level of EE, DP and P A as a function of gender, time dedicated to clinical care and administrative duties, source of reimbursement, the type of practice setting, the nature of practitioners' therapeutic focus, the location of chiropractic college, self-perception of burnout, the of effect of suffering from a work related injury, the varying chiropractic philosophical perspectives, and the public's opinion of chiropractic. Although doctors of chiropractic in the United States had lower levels of burnout compared to other healthcare professionals, higher levels of emotional exhaustion remain workplace issues for this professional group.