Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN: TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING

The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of managerial ownership to the firm value with the corporate social responsibility as the moderating variable on the non-financial state-owned enterprises (BUMN) companies which are listed in Indonesia stock exchange (IDX) in 2010-2013 periods. The samples are 8 nonfinancial state-owned enterprises (BUMN) companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with the numbers of observation are 32 and they have been selected by using purposive sampling. The result of the research which is done by using multiple linear regressions shows that the managerial ownership does not have any influence to the firm value. Meanwhile, the analysis of the moderating variable which has been done by using the interaction test method of Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) shows that corporate social responsibility cannot moderate the influence of managerial influence to the firm value therefore it cannot increase the firm value. Keywords: Managerial Ownership, Firm Value, corporate social responsibility.
The effects of attachment avoidance and the defensive regulation of emotional faces: Brain potentials examining the role of preemptive and postemptive strategies

Deactivating strategies, including preemptive and postemptive strategies, are effective methods used by avoidant adults to regulate emotional processing. In the present study, we examined the mechanisms of preemptive and postemptive strategies used by highly avoidant participants to defend against emotional faces. Event-related potentials were recorded while participants performed a face version of a study-test task that comprised emotional and neutral faces. Emotional faces elicited larger N170 amplitude than did neutral faces in highly avoidant individuals. In addition, early and parietal old/new effects were observed in highly avoidant participants in response to neutral but not emotional faces. Less-avoidant participants exhibited an extensive old/new effect in response to negative and neutral faces. These results suggest that highly avoidant individuals allocate more cognitive resources when encoding emotional faces at an early stage, which contributes to the use of postemptive strategies to suppress the accessibility of previously encoded emotional information in recognition.
Sustaining Protein Synthesis in the Absence of Rapid Cell Division: An Investigation of Plasmid‐Encoded Protein Expression in Escherichia coli during Very Slow Growth

The minimum growth rate capable of supporting plasmid‐encoded gene expression is determined using continuous cultures of Escherichia coli MZ9387 at dilution rates (D) as low as 5% of the maximum specific growth rate. Expression from a low copy number plasmid, pMPR166, encoding cyanase under the control of Plac is investigated in order to study plasmid‐encoded gene expression under conditions approaching starvation. Plasmid copy number was stabilized by selection in the presence of 500 μg/raL chloramphenicol by constitutive expression of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT). Plasmid retention was determined by dot‐blot hybridization and chloramphenicol resistance. The contribution of plasmid maintenance and cyanase expression to the maximum cell yield (Y′x/s) and the maintenance coefficient (ms) was determined for MZ9387 and MZ9387: pMPR166 under uninduced and IPTG‐induced conditions. The values of Yx/s and msfor non‐plasmid‐bearing cultures were 0.56 g of cell dry mass (DCM)/g of glucose and 0.26 g of glucose/g of DCM·h, respectively. The cell yield for plasmid‐bearing cultures under uninduced conditions (Y′ x/s) was 0.28 g of DCM/g of glucose, with m°s = 0.08 g of glucose/g of DCM·h. These values decreased following induction of cyanase expression. Glucose consumption in the presence of IPTG was linearly related to the growth rate at D < 0.28 h−1 but nonlinear at dilution rates greater than 50% of the maximum specific growth rate, indicating that cyanase expression alters metabolism and glucose consumption. The fraction of plasmid‐free cells decreased with decreasing Damköhler number (Da). These data confirm the usefulness of Da for predicting the relationship between plasmid‐free and plasmid‐bearing cells where plasmids are stabilized by concentrations of antibiotic greater than the minimum plasmid‐free host cell growth inhibitory concentration. Specific cyanase expression increased as the dilution rate decreased to D = 0.15 h−1. Between D = 0.15 h−1 and D = 0.14 h−1, expression decreased 7‐fold. At very low dilution rates (D ≤ 0.06 h−1), nonseptated filamentous cells appeared. The appearance of filamentous cells could be reversed by increasing the dilution rate. These data are evidence that when plasmid copy number is stabilized by chloramphenicol resistance, a minimum dilution rate exists below which stringent regulation of protein synthesis dramatically reduces gene expression.
Comparison of the IKr blockers moxifloxacin, dofetilide and E‐4031 in five screening models of pro‐arrhythmia reveals lack of specificity of isolated cardiomyocytes

Drug development requires the testing of new chemical entities for adverse effects. For cardiac safety screening, improved assays are urgently needed. Isolated adult cardiomyocytes (CM) and human embryonic stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hESC‐CM) could be used to identify pro‐arrhythmic compounds. In the present study, five assays were employed to investigate their sensitivity and specificity for evaluating the pro‐arrhythmic properties of IKr blockers, using moxifloxacin (safe compound) and dofetilide or E‐4031 (unsafe compounds).
Nitric oxide dependence of glutamate‐mediated modulation at a vertebrate neuromuscular junction

Recent evidence has revealed a contribution of glutamate in the stereotyped cholinergic neuromuscular transmission. Indeed, receptors, transporters and glutamate itself are present at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) while glutamate activation of metabotropic receptors (mGluRs) decreases synaptic transmission and mediates depression through presynaptic mechanisms. However, we have shown that the mGluRs are located postsynaptically, inconsistent with the presynaptic action of glutamate. In the present study, we tested whether nitric oxide (NO) serves as a retrograde messenger mediating the distant effect of glutamate. Glutamate or an mGluR agonist [trans‐(1S,3R)‐aminocyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (ACPD)] failed to reduce synaptic transmission in the presence of an NOS inhibitor (3Br7NINa, 3‐bromo‐7‐nitroindazole sodium salt). Moreover, application of 3Br7NINa precluded the effect of the mGluR antagonist MCPG [(S)‐alpha‐methyl‐4‐carboxyphenylglycine] on high‐frequency‐induced synaptic depression. Iontophoretic injections of BAPTA [1,2‐bis(2‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N,N,N′‐tetraacetic acid] in muscle fibres abolished the effect of trans‐ACPD on synaptic transmission and blocked the mGluR component of depression, indicating the involvement of muscular calcium in mGluR‐induced depression. Also, the use of this protocol unveiled a muscular calcium‐dependent potentiating pathway dependent on cyclo‐oxygenase activity. In addition, local application of trans‐ACPD induced an increase in NO production by muscle fibres visualized with the indicator DAF‐FM (4‐amino‐5‐methylamino‐2′,7′‐difluorofluorescein). This was prevented by 3Br7NINa or the iontophoretic injection of BAPTA. Moreover, motor nerve stimulation (50 Hz, 30 s) induced an increase in DAF‐FM fluorescence that was abolished by 3Br7NINa and MCPG. Hence, the data suggest that the production of the retrograde molecule NO depends on the postsynaptic calcium‐dependent activation of nitric oxide synthase following mGluRs stimulation and is essential for the glutamatergic modulation of synaptic efficacy and plasticity at the NMJ.
CEO Inside Debt and Firm's Maturity Structure of Debt

This study examines managerial compensation incentives and its impact on firm’s financial decisions. Specifically, we examine how CEO’s inside-debt based compensation incentives (pension benefits and other deferred compensation) influences firm’s debt maturity structure. We examine this relationship in the context of the hypothesis that CEO’s inside-debt based incentives exposes managers to similar kind of default risk as any other unsecured risky debt, which may change their risk preferences that may have an influence on firm’s financial decisions. Empirical evidence of this study supports a view that when manager’s ex-ante incentives for substituting risky assets over safe assets is low (that is, higher CEO-debt based incentives as compared to equity-based compensation incentives), creditors allow firms maintain long-maturity debt since high inside debt-based incentives can substitute for the monitoring incentive mechanism of short-term debt.
Introducing simulation-based education to healthcare professionals: exploring the challenge of integrating theory into educational practice

Background Introducing simulation-based education to the curricular programme of healthcare professionals can be challenging. This study explored the early experiences of healthcare professionals in the use of simulation. This was in the context of the Kuwait–Scotland transformational health innovation network programme. Methods Two cohorts of healthcare professionals undertook a simulation module as part of faculty development programme in Kuwait. Participants’ initial perceptions of simulators were gathered using a structured questionnaire in the clinical skills centre. Their subsequent ability to demonstrate the application of simulation was evaluated through analyses of the video-recordings of teaching sessions they undertook and written reflections of their experiences of using simulation. Results In theory, participants were able to identify simulators’ classification and fidelity. They also recognised some of the challenges of using simulators. In their teaching sessions, most participants focused on using part-task trainers to teach procedural skills. In their written reflections, they did not articulate a justification for their choice of simulator or its limitations. Conclusion This study demonstrated a theory-to-practice gap in the early use of simulation by healthcare educators. The findings highlight the need for deliberate practice and adequate mentorship for educators to develop confidence and competence in the use of simulation as part of their educational practice.
Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre

The development of the Early psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre (EPPIC) is a new and innovative response to address the needs of young people with emerging or manifest psychotic disorder. Psychotic illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder usually have their onset in adolescence or early adulthood. and the management of these disorders, particularly the in-patient phase, has been especiallj problematic within existing models of treatment. One of the key problems has been the eutensiv e delays in accessing effective treatment whicvh characterise the earl? course of these disorders. The average &la! is of the order of 1-2 years in the absence of a specdic focus on early intervention. The delay results from barriers to recognition of the problem by sufferers and relatives. to appropriate helpseeking. and to recowtion and appropriate referral by professionals. The effects of a prolonged phase of untreated psychosis are niajor secondary damage to the social and family enviromnent antl vocational prospects of the person. In addition. the underlying illness tila\ become more entrenched antl treatment-resistant. the developing personality of the person may be adverselj affected or deformed and the let el of short-term recovery at least severel) conipromised. ’ . 4n additional negative feature of late presentation is that the entry into treatment generally occiirs \la a crisis with additional trauma such as results froin involvement in deviant behamour or a coerc*i\ e involuntary adnussion. Beyond the issues of acrezs and tlela? the arpmient for a specialist sen ire arises from a clearly demonstrated need tinmet or inadequately met by existing patterns of serbice debt cry. The lack of appropriate serrirea ha. Iwen 1ughlightt.d spec.ific. ally in the case of aclolescents in h t h Biirdekin incprie+. antl niorc spedkall! and ropntl! in the recent reports trf the Social De\. elop rnent Committee( SIIC:) of the Parliament of L ictoria-’ arid the k wing People. Mental health antl Criminal ,Justicr S\ stem Project carried out I)? VICSERI . ’
The Effects Of Mergers And Acquisitions On The Financial Performance Of Insurance Firms In Kenya

xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background of the Study . 1 1.1.1 Mergers and Acquisitions . 2 1.1.2 Financial Performance . 4 1.1.3 Effects of Mergers and Acquisitions on Financial Performance . 5 1.1.4 Insurance Industry in Kenya . 6 1.2 Research Problem . 8 1.3 Objective of the Study . 10 1.4 Value of the Study . 10 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 12 2.
Maternal Xenopus Cdk2-Cyclin E Complexes Function during Meiotic and Early Embryonic Cell Cycles That Lack a G1 Phase (*)

Earlier work demonstrated that cyclins A1, B1, and B2 are not associated with Cdk2 from unfertilized Xenopus eggs. As a potential Cdk2 partner during meiosis, a cyclin E homolog was cloned from a Xenopus oocyte cDNA library and found to be 60% identical at the amino acid level to human cyclin E. Cyclin E1 protein was detected in resting oocytes, and the level increased severalfold in meiosis II, concomitant with the appearance of forms with decreased electrophoretic mobility. During oocyte maturation, the patterns of cyclin E1-associated kinase activity and Cdk2 activity were identical, with activity low until after germinal vesicle breakdown, peaking during meiosis II. Cyclin E1 complexes immunoprecipitated from unfertilized Xenopus eggs contained Cdk2 but not Cdc2. In cycling egg extracts Cdk2-cyclin E1-associated kinase activity oscillated, but the level of cyclin E1 protein and its association with Cdk2 did not vary appreciably; complex activity appeared to be regulated neither by the synthesis and destruction of the cyclin subunit nor by association/disassociation of the two subunits. During the early cleavage divisions in embryos, cyclin E1 and Cdk2 remained associated. The data indicate that the Cdk2-cyclin E complex functions during meiotic and embryonic cell cycles in addition to performing its established role during G1 in somatic cells.
Calculation of Compensation Incentives and Firm-Related Wealth Using Execucomp: Data, Program, and Explanation

In response to recent requests from academics and practitioners, this note addresses the data and program we use in our published articles on executive compensation and incentives. First, we detail our methodology for the calculation of delta (pay-performance sensitivity), vega (risk-taking incentives), and firm-specific wealth (inside equity) for executives on the Execucomp database. Second, we provide the data on these measures for the period 1992-2010 as well as the accompanying SAS program as downloadable files on our websites.
The Dog as a Model for Food Allergy

Abstract: Research during the past decade has shown the dog to be an excellent model for human food allergies. Humans and dogs share many of the same allergies to foods. Furthermore, the dog model shows clinical symptoms typical of humans, that is, both experience vomiting and diarrhea. Present results suggest that the dog may provide a means to test genetically modified foods for unsuspected allergens.
CHANGES IN PHOSPHOGLYCERIDE FATTY ACIDS OF RAT BRAIN INDUCED BY LINOLEIC AND LINOLENIC ACIDS AFTER PRE‐ AND POST‐NATAL FAT DEPRIVATION

Abstract— Pregnant rats were maintained on a fat‐free diet, starting at 10–12 days after impregnation and the offspring continued on the diet during a developmental period of 120 days. Brain fatty acids showed decreases in the level of (n‐3) and (n‐6) fatty acids of brain phophoglycerides, except for 22:5 (n‐6) which increased. These changes preceded an increase in the (n‐9) fatty acids (20:3 and 22:3). Supplementation with either linoleic or linolenic acid for 10 or 30 days after induction of the deficiency state caused an increase in the (n‐6) and (n‐3) fatty acids respectively, to control levels. The level of 22:5 (n‐6) was increased additionally by linoleic supplementation while linolenic refeeding to deficient animals decreased 22:5 (n‐6) to near control levels. The anomalous results obtained on 22:5 (n‐6) with 18:3 (n‐3) supplementation is attributed to competitive inhibition of linoleate desaturation by linolenate. Linoleic and linolenic acid were equally effective in reducing the elevated levels of the (n‐9) fatty acids toward control levels, although control levels with either fatty acid was not reached after 30 days supplementation. The increase of the (n‐6) and (n‐3) fatty acids to normal values precedes the decrease of (n‐9) fatty acids following supplementation of linoleic or linolenic acid to fat‐deficient rats. No change in fatty acid composition in control animals between 30 and 120 days was observed. In fat deficient as well as supplemented animals the total saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsatur‐ated fatty acid composition was constant as was the unsaturation index.
Clinical evaluation of the effect of four flap designs on the post–operative sequel (pain, swelling and trismus) following lower third molar surgery

The present study aimed to assess the effect of different flap designs on pain, swelling and trismus following surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar. The study was carried out in Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Dental Teaching Hospital of Dentistry College, Mosul University. Sixty patients were included in the research where they were divided into 4 groups, each comprised of 15 patients. In the first group, the impacted teeth were removed using an envelope flap. In the second group, a standard flap was used for the removal of impacted teeth. For the third group, the impacted teeth were removed using modified standard flap. While in the fourth group, S–shaped flap was used. Pain, swelling and trismus were assessed clinically post–operatively at 1 day, 3 days and 7 days intervals. Pain and swelling were evaluated subjectively while trismus was evaluated by measuring the maximum mouth opening ability (in mm) between the right upper and right lower central incisors using a vernier. The results showed no significant effect among the 4 flap designs on post–operative complaints. It was concluded that the type of incision appears to have no effect on the degree of pain, swelling and trismus following surgical removal of impacted lower third molar.
Discrete sliding mode control for a class of underactuated systems

This paper presents a new reaching law to design discrete sliding mode controller for a class of mismatched uncertain systems. A control problem for slosh free-motion of a container is sought. It represents a broader class of systems. A simple pendulum model is considered to represent the lateral slosh. Validity of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by simulation.
Mating and Breeding Success Decline with Elevation for the Pacific Wren (Troglodytes pacificus) in Coastal Mountain Forests

Abstract We studied the population ecology of Pacific Wrens (Troglodytes pacificus) in 2003 and 2004 breeding across elevations from 100 to 1,300 m in coastal mountain forests in southwestern British Columbia, Canada to examine if this species is adapted to upper montane and subalpine habitats. We found fewer territories at high elevation, a higher proportion of unmated males, fewer nests per mated male, and no returns of banded adults or juveniles. The breeding season was 61% shorter (31 vs. 79 days), and mass of nestlings (at 11–12 days of age) and nest survival were lower at high elevation compared to lower elevation sites. Clutch size, incubation and nestling periods, parental provisioning rates of nestlings, and adult morphology did not vary with elevation. Annual fecundity measures declined with increasing elevation with no apparent compensatory increases in other vital rates such as survival of adults or offspring.
PAIR PRODUCTION IN LOW-LUMINOSITY GALACTIC NUCLEI

Electron–positron pairs may be produced near accreting black holes by a variety of physical processes, and the resulting pair plasma may be accelerated and collimated into a relativistic jet. Here, we use a self-consistent dynamical and radiative model to investigate pair production by γγ collisions in weakly radiative accretion flows around a black hole of mass M and accretion rate . Our flow model is drawn from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations, and our radiation field is computed by a Monte Carlo transport scheme assuming the electron distribution function is thermal. We argue that the pair production rate scales as . We confirm this numerically and calibrate the scaling relation. This relation is self-consistent in a wedge in parameter space. If is too low the implied pair density over the poles of the black hole is below the Goldreich–Julian density and γγ pair production is relatively unimportant; if is too high the models are radiatively efficient. We also argue that for a power-law spectrum the pair production rate should scale with the observables LX ≡ X-ray luminosity and M as L2XM−4. We confirm this numerically and argue that this relation likely holds even for radiatively efficient flows. The pair production rates are sensitive to black hole spin and to the ion–electron temperature ratio which are fixed in this exploratory calculation. We finish with a brief discussion of the implications for Sgr A* and M87.
Board Structure and Corporate Performance in Malaysia

This study examines the association between board structure and corporate performance, where performance is defined as the value added (VA) efficiency of the firm’s physical and intellectual resources rather than the more commonly used financial terms or profitability ratios. It is argued that the inclusion of intellectual elements into the measurement provides a long-term measurement of corporate performance. The VA efficiency of the firm’s total resources is calculated using the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) methodology developed by an Austrian, Ante Pulic. The four board characteristics that are of interest in this study are board composition, directors’ ownership, CEO duality and board size. Based on a randomly selected sample of 75 companies listed on Bursa Malaysia, it is found that board composition and board size have a positive impact on firm performance, while the effects of directors’ ownership and CEO duality on the VA efficiency of firm’s total resources are not established. The outcome of the study shows that the emphasis on the importance of outside directors on the board by The Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance and by the requirements of Bursa Malaysia is deemed pertinent to the long-term corporate performance.