Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Adaptive Responses in Familiar and Novel Environments: Modulatory Factors

The links among anxiety, stress, and grooming are not clearly established. Yule' found increased grooming when rats were placed in unfamiliar cages. Thompson and Higgins' found more grooming in shocked versus unshocked rats, and Cohen and Price3 found that rats exposed to the sound of rat screams showed more grooming. These findings might suggest that increased grooming occurs in response to an increase in fear or arousal, but Doyle and Yule' found no correlation between grooming and the incidence of other indications of fear or anxiety, such as urination, defecation, and freezing. Gispen and IsaacsonS suggested that in fact increased grooming occurred on termination of, or habituation to, a stressful situation. In support of this suggestion, Roth and Katz6 found that rats placed in an open field after an hour-long exposure to loud noise and bright light showed higher levels of grooming than their unstressed controls. They found a significant change with repeated testing over days, but unfortunately the direction of the effect was not specified. The purpose of experiment 1 was to study the influence on grooming of factors that are known to modulate anxiety. In experiment 1 the time spent grooming and the type of grooming (face wash, front paw lick, body wash, genital lick, or hind limb scratch) was studied in the home cage and in the test conditions used in two animal tests of anxiety. In the social interaction test of anxiety, rats are placed in a test arena that is either familiar or unfamiliar to them and is lit by high or low light. '. " In the elevated plus-maze, anxiety is generated by open elevated maze arms.9 Thus the effects on grooming of manipulating environmental familiarity, light level, and elevation were studied. Both of these tests generate behavioral changes that indicate increased anxiety and both raise plasma corticosterone concentrations. Strain and sex differences have been found in the social interaction and elevated maze and therefore comparisons were made between male Wistar and male and female hooded Lister rats. The relationship between anxiety and grooming can also be explored by examining the effects of drugs. ACTH and CRF have both been reported to increase gro~ming, '~'~ and these peptides also have an anxiogenic effect (shown by a specific reduction in social interaction) in the social interaction However, Roth and Katz6 found that although adrenalectomy increased grooming in the open field, hypophysectomy
Trade, Markup Heterogeneity and Misallocations

Markups vary widely across industries and countries, their heterogeneity has increased overtime and asymmetric exposure to international trade seems partly responsible for this phenomenon. In this paper, we study how the entire distribution of markups affects resource misallocation and welfare in a general equilibrium framework encompassing a large class of models with imperfect competition. We then identify conditions under which trade opening, by changing the distribution of markups, may reduce welfare. Our approach is novel both in its generality and in the emphasis on the second moment of the markup distribution. Two broad policy recommendations stand out from the analysis. First, whenever there is heterogeneity in markups, be it due to trade or other distortions, there is also an intersectoral misallocation, so that the equilibrium can be improved upon with an appropriate intervention. This suggests that trade liberalization and domestic industrial policy are complementary. Second, ensuring free entry is a crucial precondition to prevent adverse effects from asymmetric trade opening.
Primate group size and interpreting socioecological models: Do folivores really play by different rules?

Because primates display such remarkable diversity, they are an ideal taxon within which to examine the evolutionary significance of group living and the ecological factors responsible for variation in social organization. However, as with any social vertebrate, the ecological determinants of primate social variability are not easily identified. Interspecific variation in group size and social organization results from the compromises required to accommodate the associative and dissociative forces of many factors, including predation, 1–3 conspecific harassment and infanticide, 4–6 foraging competition 1 , 7 and cooperation, 8 dominance interactions, 9 reproductive strategies, and socialization. 10–12 Causative explanations have emerged primarily through the construction of theoretical models that organize the observed variation in primate social organization and group size relative to measurable ecological variation.
The Booklet Category Test and Malingering in Traumatic Brain Injury: Classification Accuracy in Known Groups

A known-groups design was used to determine the classification accuracy of 12 Booklet Category Test variables in the detection of malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (MND) in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants were 206 TBI and 60 general clinical patients seen for neuropsychological evaluation. Slick, Sherman, and Iverson's (1999) criteria were used to classify the TBI patients into non-malingering, suspect, and MND groups. Classification accuracy of the BCT depended on the specific variable and injury severity examined, with some scores detecting more than 40% of malingerers with false positive error rates of 10% or less. However, the BCT variables are often influenced by cognitive ability as well as malingering, so caution is indicated in applying the BCT to the diagnosis of malingering. Application of these data in clinical practice is discussed.
Spatiotemporal expression of Nogo-66 receptor after focal cerebral ischemia

NgR, the receptor for the neurite outgrowth inhibitor Nogo-66, plays a critical role in the plasticity and regeneration of the nervous system after injury such as ischemic stroke. In the present study, we used immunohistochemistry to investigate the regional expression of NgR in rat brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). NgR protein expression was not observed in the center of the lesion, but was elevated in the marginal zone compared with control and sham-operated rats. The cerebral cortex and hippocampus (CA1, CA2, and CA3) showed the greatest expression of NgR. Furthermore, NgR expression was higher in the ipsilesional hemisphere than on the control side in the same coronal section. Although time-dependent changes in NgR expression across brain regions had their own characteristics, the overall trend complied with the following rules: NgR expression changes with time showed two peaks and one trough; the first peak in expression appeared between 1 and 3 days after MCAO; expression declined at 5 days; and the second peak occurred at 28 days.
A seroepidemiologic study of Chlamydia pneumoniae in Rhode Island. Evidence of serologic cross-reactivity.

OBJECTIVE Although Chlamydia pneumoniae is considered a common cause of pneumonia worldwide, the evidence is mainly serologic. Therefore, we examined whether the currently used chlamydial microimmunofluorescence (MIF) antibody test is specific for C pneumoniae infection. DESIGN AND SETTING Secondary analysis of data from a cohort study of sarcoidosis among the graduates of ten consecutive apprenticeship classes of firefighters and police officers. PARTICIPANTS One hundred forty-seven young adult men. MEASUREMENTS Immunoglobulin G and M antibodies to C pneumoniae, 15 serovars of C trachomatis, and 2 strains of C psittaci as measured by MIF. RESULTS Evidence of previous C pneumoniae and C trachomatis infection (IgG > or = 1:16 yet < 1:512) was present in 108 (73 percent) and 59 (40 percent) subjects, respectively. Serologic evidence of recent C pneumoniae and C trachomatis infection (IgM > or = 1:16 or IgG > or = 1:512) was present in 19 (13 percent) and 14 (10 percent) subjects, respectively. Chlamydia pneumoniae and C trachomatis IgM titers were highly correlated (r = 0.80; 95 percent CI, 0.73 to 0.85) while C pneumoniae and C trachomatis IgG titers were fairly correlated (r = 0.44; 95 percent CI, 0.30 to 0.56). CONCLUSIONS The C pneumoniae seroprevalence of 86 percent is the highest yet reported. The correlations between C pneumoniae and C trachomatis antibody titers suggest that chlamydial MIF may be less specific than is generally appreciated. Moreover, the observed 13 percent seroprevalence of recent C pneumoniae infection in a healthy working population challenges the serologically based belief that this agent accounts for 6 to 10 percent of community-acquired pneumonia. A more objective, more specific test is needed in the serodiagnosis of C pneumoniae infection.
An interhemispheric model of artificial ionospheric ducts

A duct in Earth's ionosphere is characterized by density gradients perpendicular to the magnetic field, which enhance refractive indices and act as waveguides to whistler‐range waves. Interhemispheric ducts along magnetic field lines have implications for the transmission of ELF radio waves across the globe. Strong HF ionospheric heating has been shown to create a depletion of electrons at the heated region and could lead to a pressure perturbation that propagates along the entire magnetic field line, potentially forming an artificial duct. Here we present results from an ionospheric numerical model used to study the effects of localized HF heating on an interhemispheric magnetic flux tube. The existing Sami2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI2) ionospheric model has been modified to include a flexible source of strong HF heating that can be varied to mimic the fluctuations in HF heating efficiencies and ionospheric conditions. Our parametric study includes varying the heating source intensity and location along the magnetic field line, revealing both linear and nonlinear relationships connecting these source parameters to maximum pressure, temperature, and density perturbations; propagation velocity of density perturbations; and characteristic heating and cooling times of the irradiated region. After a transient state, the duct structure achieves a quasi‐steady state, showing electron depletion at the heated region and density enhancements in the regions just below and above the heated region. The density perturbations propagate deep inside the plasmasphere to the conjugate F2 peak, with density enhancements along the traveling pulse boundary. The possibility of generating interhemispheric ducts is discussed.
Down or up? Explaining positive and negative emotions in parents of children with Down's syndrome: Goals, cognitive coping, and resources

Abstract Background Some studies find that parents of children with Down's syndrome may experience symptoms of depression, while other studies find that parents adapt well. This study aimed to clarify this variability in adaptive strength by investigating a stress-coping model to explain depressive symptoms and positive affect. Method Questionnaires were completed by 553 parents of children (aged 0–18) with Down's syndrome, containing measures of goal disturbance, cognitive coping, social support, partner bonding, and coping self-efficacy. Results Different models for positive affect and depressive symptoms were found. The coping strategies of self-blame and rumination were positively related to depressive symptoms, and positive reappraisal was positively related to positive affect. Partner bonding characteristics played relevant roles in both models, as did coping self-efficacy and goal disturbance. Social support seemed mainly relevant in explaining positive affect. Conclusions Different psychological factors were related to depressive symptoms and positive affect in parents of children with Down's syndrome. Implications are discussed.
Fetal and maternal CYP2E1 genotypes and the risk of nonsyndromic oral clefts

Cécile Chevrier,* Claire Perret, Michel Bahuau, Agnès Nelva, Christine Herman, Christine Francannet, Elisabeth Robert-Gnansia, and Sylvaine Cordier Inserm, U625, Univ Rennes I, GERHM, IFR140, Rennes, France Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Inserm, U525; Faculté Médecine Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France Registre des Malformations en Rhône-Alpes, Faculté Médecine Laennec, Lyon, France CEMC Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France Service de Génétique, Hôtel-Dieu, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Application of Two Complementary Molecular Sexing Methods for East Asian Bird Species

Numerous avian species are sexually monomorphic, especially nestlings, posing difficulties in determining their sex by morphological traits alone. Despite the difficulties, sex identification of birds is an essential part of ex situ conservation breeding programs for endangered species, and the sex of individuals is an integral component of information required for research concerning ecology, behavior, genetics, and conservation biology. Therefore, molecular sexing methods are gaining increasing attention as an aid in study and conservation of many bird species. An amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) method using the sequence differences between CHD1Z and CHD1W was applied for sex identification of 29 East Asian bird species to test the applicability of the method for a wide range of wild bird species. The sex of 25 bird species was successfully identified by the ARMS method using the P2/NP/MP primer set, and the sex of four additional species was identified by another primer set P2/P8. The methods were applied to sex 124 individual samples that were preliminarily sexed by only morphological characteristics of the birds. Of the specimens tested, 16 (12.9%) individuals showed different gender from the preliminary data. This showed that sex identification of monomorphic avian species by external morphology alone has a high risk of misidentification. Therefore, alternative molecular sexing methods are recommended in the sexing process where monomorphic individuals, damaged carcasses or parts of carcasses are involved.
NURSING EDUCATION RESEARCH: THE EFFECTS of Linguistic Modification on ESL Students' Comprehension of Nursing Course Test Items

Recent research has indicated that language may be a source of construct-irrelevant variance for nonnative speakers of English, or English as a second language (ESL) students, when they take exams. As a result, exams may not accurately measure knowledge of nursing content. One accommodation often used to level the playing field for ESL students is linguistic modification, a process by which the reading load of test items is reduced while the content and integrity of the item are maintained. Research on the effects of linguistic modification has been conducted on examinees in the K-12 population, but is just beginning in other areas. This study describes the collaborative process by which items from a pathophysiology exam were linguistically modified and subsequently evaluated for comprehensibility by ESL students. Findings indicate that in a majority of cases, modification improved examinees' comprehension of test items. Implications for test item writing and future research are discussed.
A Qualitative Approach to Markovian Equilibrium in Infinite Horizon Economies with Capital

Using lattice programming and order theoretic fixpoint theory, we develop a new class of monotone iterative methods that provide a qualitative theory of Markovian equilibrium decision processes for a large class of infinite horizon economies with capital. The class of economies includes models with public policy, valued fiat money, monopolistic competition, production externalities, and various other nonconvexities in the production sets. The results can be adapted to construct symmetric Markov equilibrium in models with many agents and market incompleteness. As the methods are constructive, they provide the foundations for a rigorous analysis of numerical approximation schemes that study extremal Markovian equilibrium. Equilibrium comparative statics results relative to the space of economies are available. Of independent interest, we provide new conditions for preserving complementarity under maximization, and new generalized envelope theorems for nonconcave dynamic programming problems. Our fixed point algorithms are sharp, and are able to distinguish sufficient conditions under which Markovian equilibrium form a complete lattice of Lipschitz continuous, uniformly continuous and semicontinuous monotone functions as well as unique continuously differentiable equilibrium.
Compact Broadband Dual-Polarized Antenna for Indoor MIMO Wireless Communication Systems

A compact (100 mm × 100 mm × 40 mm) dual-polarized antenna with wide impedance bandwidth and high isolation is proposed for an indoor MIMO wireless communication system. The proposed antenna consists of cavity-backed bowtie antennas with parasitic elements. It can cover the DCS/PCS/UMTS/LTE 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 15, 16, 23, 25 bands (1710-2690 MHz). The wide impedance bandwidth (VSWR <; 2), of about 44.5%, is achieved by using parasitic elements with optimal location and length and the cavity of an electrical wall. High-isolation (>31 dB) and low-envelop correlation coefficient (ECC <; 0.00425) between MIMO elements are achieved by orthogonal dual-polarization while suppressing the cross-polarization of each MIMO antenna element. The peak gain is higher than 7 dBi in the entire operating frequency band.
Overexpression of IL-13 in Patients With Bladder Cancer

ABSTRACT In this case-control study, expression pattern of IL-13 as a possible anti-inflammatory cytokine in patients with bladder carcinoma was investigated by using RT-PCR and ELISA. Highly significant difference in mRNA and protein expression of IL-13 between patients with bladder cancer and controls was observed (p = .000). The increased upexpression was mostly observed in lower stages (Ta+T1) of cancer than in higher (64.1% in lower vs 48.7% in higher stages). To address whether age, smoking, and alcohol drinking have any effect in IL-13 expression, it was seen that in spite of lower mean average of mRNA and protein expression in the old, smokers, and alcohol drinkers, no significant effect of these factors on expression of IL-13 was observed. The overexpression of IL-13 as a potent immunosuppressive cytokine was found in patients with bladder cancer and may be playing a role as an anti-inflammatory mediator in carcinoma of bladder. IL-13 may help to restore the disturbed TH1/TH2 balance in patients with bladder carcinoma, and can be considered as therapeutic agent in this disease.
A family of Turandot-related genes in the humoral stress response of Drosophila.

The Drosophila Turandot A (TotA) gene was recently shown to encode a stress-induced humoral factor which gives increased resistance to the lethal effects of high temperature. Here we show that TotA belongs to a family of eight Tot genes distributed at three different sites in the Drosophila genome. All Tot genes are induced under stressful conditions such as bacterial infection, heat shock, paraquat feeding or exposure to ultraviolet light, suggesting that all members of this family play a role in Drosophila stress tolerance. The induction of the Tot genes differs in important respects from the heat shock response, such as the strong but delayed response to bacterial infection seen for several of the genes.
New Position Detection Method Using Image Sensor and Visible Light LEDs

This paper proposes a new positioning method using an image sensor and visible light LEDs (Light Emitting Diode). The color LEDs are used to detect position. We achieved position accuracy of less than 5cm using our method. We applied our method to a robot and demonstrated that accurate position control of a robot was feasible.
DC-LAMP+ Dendritic Cells Are Recruited to Gastric Lymphoid Follicles in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Individuals

ABSTRACT Infection with Helicobacter pylori is associated with development of ulcer disease and gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. The infection leads to a large infiltration of immune cells and the formation of organized lymphoid follicles in the human gastric mucosa. Still, the immune system fails to eradicate the bacteria, and the substantial regulatory T cell (Treg) response elicited is probably a major factor permitting bacterial persistence. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that can activate naive T cells, and maturation of DCs is crucial for the initiation of primary immune responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and localization of mature human DCs in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa. Gastric antral biopsy specimens were collected from patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis and healthy volunteers, and antrum tissue was collected from patients undergoing gastric resection. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry showed that DCs expressing the maturation marker dendritic cell lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein (DC-LAMP; CD208) are enriched in the H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa and that these DCs are specifically localized within or close to lymphoid follicles. Gastric DC-LAMP-positive (DC-LAMP+) DCs express CD11c and high levels of HLA-DR but little CD80, CD83, and CD86. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated that DC-LAMP+ DCs are in the same location as FoxP3-positive putative Tregs in the follicles. In conclusion, we show that DC-LAMP+ DCs with low costimulatory capacity accumulate in the lymphoid follicles in human H. pylori-infected gastric tissue, and our results suggest that Treg-DC interactions may promote chronic infection by rendering gastric DCs tolerogenic.
Application of quarter-wave symmetry selective harmonic elimination PWM (SHE-PWM) to nested neutral point clamped (NNPC) converter

Quarter-wave symmetry based selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHE-PWM) technique applied to the newly introduced topology; Nested Neutral Point Clamped Converter is presented in this paper. Application of SHE-PWM technique is advantageous, since there is significant decrease in switching frequency and therefore the device stresses. In case of SHE-PWM, number of harmonics to be eliminated is independent of output voltage levels. Also the requirement of filtering is reduced to a greater extent. Concept of this scheme is basically the decomposition of the PWM voltage/current waveform using Fourier theory. Main objective of SHE-PWM is solving the nonlinear transcendental equations aiming to eliminate low order harmonics while keeping the fundamental of output waveform to its desired value. One of the effective methods for solving those equations is Genetic Algorithm (GA). To illustrate the effectiveness of the GA based SHE-PWM method, FFT analysis of output phase voltage and line-to-line voltage of NNPC converter is investigated. The simulation of five-level NNPC converter has been carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK software.