Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a correlation between the frequency of the mHz quasi-periodic oscillations and the neutron-star temperature in the low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1636-53

We detected millihertz quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in an XMM-Newton observation of the neutron-star low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1636-53. These QPOs have been interpreted as marginally stable burning on the neutron-star surface. At the beginning of the observation the QPO was at around 8 mHz, together with a possible second harmonic. About 12 ks into the observation a type I X-ray burst occurred and the QPO disappeared; the QPO reappeared ˜25 ks after the burst and it was present until the end of the observation. We divided the observation into four segments to study the evolution of the spectral properties of the source during intervals with and without mHz QPO. We find that the temperature of the neutron-star surface increases from the QPO segment to the non-QPO segment, and vice versa. We also find a strong correlation between the frequency of the mHz QPO and the temperature of a blackbody component in the energy spectrum representing the temperature of neutron-star surface. Our results are consistent with previous results that the frequency of the mHz QPO depends on the variation of the heat flux from the neutron-star crust, and therefore supports the suggestion that the observed QPO frequency drifts could be caused by the cooling of deeper layers.
3 D analysis of pore effect on composite elasticity by means of the finite-element method

We developed a 3D buffer-layer finite-element method model to investigate the porosity effect on macroscopic elasticity. Using the 3D model, the effect of pores on bulk effective elastic properties was systematically analyzed by changing the degree of porosity, the aspect ratio of the ellipsoidal pore, and the elasticity of the material. The results in 3D space were compared with the previous results in 2D space. Derivatives of normalized elastic stiffness constants with respect to needle-type porosity were integers, if the Poisson ratio of a matrix material was zero; those derivatives of normalized stiffness elastic constants for C33, C44, C11, and C66 converged to −1, −2, −3, and −4, respectively, at the corresponding condition. We have developed a criterion of R < ∼1∕3, where the mutual interaction between pores became negligible for macroscopic composite elasticity. These derivatives were nearly constant at less than 5% porosity in the case of a spherical pore, suggesting that the interaction between neighboring pores was insignificant if the representative size of the pore was less than one-third of the mean distance between neighboring pores. The relations we obtained in this work were successfully applied to invert the bulk modulus and rigidity of Cmcm-CaIrO3 as a case study; the performance of the inverting scheme was confirmed through this assessment. Thus, our scheme is applicable to predict the macroscopic elasticity of porous object as well.
PART I. DISEASES AND PROBLEMS DISTINGUISHED BY THE WHO AND FAO DZIAŁ I. CHOROBY I PROBLEMY WYRÓŻNIONE PRZEZ WHO I FAO REVIEW PAPER

Authors’ contribution Wkład autorów: A. Study design/planning zaplanowanie badań B. Data collection/entry zebranie danych C. Data analysis/statistics dane – analiza i statystyki D. Data interpretation interpretacja danych E. Preparation of manuscript przygotowanie artykułu F. Literature analysis/search wyszukiwanie i analiza literatury G. Funds collection zebranie funduszy Summary Background. Persistently high incidence of ‘diseases of affluence’ (including cancer) motivates numerous research teams to look for causes of morbidity, as well as to search for preventive methods and effective therapeutic measures. The paper aims to present the literature on effects of selenium (Se) on prevention of gastrointestinal and lung cancer. Material and methods. Based on national and international literature, the paper presents information on the role of selenium (Se) in prevention of cancer – with special consideration given to gastrointestinal and lung cancer. Results. The results of national and international research show the importance of selenium in prevention and treatment of cancerous diseases, including digestive tract cancer and lung cancer. Numerous studies have shown that the risk of cancer for people with low selenium levels is twice as high as for people with high levels of selenium in blood serum. The most prominent relationship between low selenium level in serum and cancer is observed in gastrointestinal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer in women, and prostate cancer. Conclusions. Many clinical and experimental studies carried out nationally and internationally gathered evidence which indicate the vital role played by selenium in prevention and treatment of diseases – especially of cancer. It should be emphasised that the intake of selenium in amounts necessary for proper functioning given numerous deficiencies (first in the soil, then in food products coming from selenium-deficient soil) – is merely the first step, as it has already been proven in numerous publications that carbohydrates (especially simple sugars, sweets, cakes, etc.) ‘destroy’ selenium in the human body.
Formoterol versus montelukast as add on therapy to low dose budesonide in persistent asthma: effect on lung function

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) represent the most effective controller medications in persistent asthma. In patients who are not controlled by low dose ICS alone, Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines recommend either escalating the dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) or the addition of a second controller drug in the form of long acting beta 2 agonist (LABA) or leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) to low dose ICS. Due to side effects at higher doses of ICS, the option of adding a second controller drug to low dose ICS is preferred. However, LABAs and LTRAs are characterized by markedly different pharmacologic properties that can bring about different effects on the basic mechanisms of the disease. Also the data available on the comparative efficacy of these two groups of drugs is largely contrasting. Hence, in this study we compared the effects of a LABA like formoterol and an LTRA like montelukast on lung function, when added to low dose ICS like budesonide in persistent asthma.
U–Pb geochronology of the Fort Augustus granite gneiss: constraints on the timing of Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic tectonothermal events in the NW Highlands of Scotland

The West Highland granite gneiss suite in Inverness-shire, Scotland, represents a series of S-type, anatectic granites formed by partial melting of host Neoproterozoic metasediments of the Moine Supergroup. U–Pb (SHRIMP) dating of zircons from a member of the suite, the Fort Augustus granite gneiss, indicates that the granitic protolith to the gneiss was intruded at 870±30 Ma. This is indistinguishable from the published age determined by the same method for the Ardgour granite gneiss at Glenfinnan, thus supporting the assumption that the various members of the West Highland granite gneiss are part of a single intrusive suite. The spread of ages from the zircon cores (1626–947 Ma) is interpreted to indicate a Proterozoic source terrain for the Moine sediments that were later melted to form the granitic protolith. A U–Pb age of 470±2 Ma obtained for titanite in the Fort Augustus granite gneiss is interpreted to date amphibolite-facies metamorphism during the early to mid-Ordovician Grampian Orogeny. The emerging similarity in the timing of this event either side of the Great Glen Fault implies that this structure does not juxtapose crustal blocks with significantly different histories with respect to the Grampian Orogeny.
Historical light curve and search for previous outbursts of Nova KT Eridani (2009)

Context. Nova Eridani (2009) caught the eye of the nova community due to its fast decline from maximum, which was initially missed, and its subsequent development in the radio and X-ray wavelengths. This system also exhibits properties similar to those of the much smaller class of recurrent novae; themselves potential progenitors of type Ia supernovae. Aims. We aim to determine the nature and physical parameters of the KT Eri progenitor system. Methods. We searched the Harvard College Observatory archive plates for the progenitor of KT Eri to determine the nature of the system, particularly the evolutionary stage of the secondary. We used the data obtained to search for any periodic signal and the derived luminosity to estimate a recurrence timescale. Furthermore, by comparing the colours of the quiescent system on a colour−magnitude diagram we may infer the nature of the secondary star.
Relationship Between Internal Control, Internal Audit, and Organization Commitment With Good Governance: Indonesian Case

The aims of this research are to examine the relationship between internal control, internal audit, and organization commitment with the good governance. Internal control consists of the organization planning that includes all methods used to safeguard the company assets, to insure the reliability of information, to support the efficiency and effectiveness of operations, and to insure the compliance with rules and regulations. Internal audit is an organization which functions with the duties to assess and evaluate all activities within the organization. Organization commitment is defined as the individual relative power to identify his/her self into the organization. Governance has been variously defined as the exercise of authority or control to manage a country’s affairs and resources. The type of data in this research is primary data that could be collected by questionnaires which were distributed to the respondents. The populations of this research are local government of Central Java province, Indonesia which consists of 35 regions. The respondents include head of local government inspectorate, head of monitoring division in local government inspectorate, head of internal audit team, and head of region. Therefore, 35 sets of questionnaires were distributed to respondents from February to July in 2011. Exogenous variables are the internal control, audit internal, and organization commitment. Meanwhile, endogenous variables are good governance. With multiple linier regression analysis, the finding showed that internal control, internal audit, and organization commitment have positive significant relationship with the good governance. It means that when local government of Central Java province implements the internal control effectively, audit internal and high organization commitment, therefore makes the good governance practices increase.
Experiencing Mathematical Modelling in an amusement park

This paper is meant to be a short report of a teaching experience of modelling carried out in Italy with high school students 1 in an amusement park. Such an environment provides in fact numberless samples of curves such as parabolas, clothoids, straight lines. An amusement park is also a wonderful place where conics become visible and closer to the students’ previous experience, so that learning Maths involves experimenting models on the field, and where amusement and learning do successfully join together. On such a setting students may follow all the steps of the M&A cycle, also thanks to some particular mathematical instruments and “mathematical machines”, which lay a "bridge" between the domain of mathematics and the domain of reality. This paper tries to describe the birth and the development of an original educational project, the way it was realized, and how it displays the typical features of a mathematical modelling process. This project has now become part of a set of educational workshops that the amusement park Mirabilandia offers to all schools. At the end of the paper the authors provide their own reflections (and try to arouse the readers’) on the peculiar features that modelling in such a unique environment as an amusement park can present.
A review of current and future weather data for building simulation

This article provides the first comprehensive assessment of methods for the creation of weather variables for use in building simulation. We undertake a critical analysis of the fundamental issues and limitations of each methodology and discusses new challenges, such as how to deal with uncertainty, the urban heat island, climate change and extreme events. Proposals for the next generation of weather files for building simulation are made based on this analysis. A seven-point list of requirements for weather files is introduced and the state-of-the-art compared to this via a mapping exercise. It is found that there are various issues with all current and suggested approaches, but the two areas most requiring attention are the production of weather files for the urban landscape and files specifically designed to test buildings against the criteria of morbidity, mortality and building services system failure. Practical application: Robust weather files are key to the design of sustainable, healthy and comfortable buildings. This article provides the first comprehensive assessment of their technical requirements to ensure buildings perform well in both current and future climates.
Glaucony from the condensed Lower-Middle Jurassic deposits of the Križna Unit, Western Tatra Mountains, Poland

Glaukonit ze skondensowanych osadow dolnej-środkowej jury jednostki kriznianskiej Tatr Zachodnich, Polska Lower-Middle Jurassic glaucony-bearing deposits crop out in the Polish part of the Krizna Unit in the Western Tatra Mts. These deposits, up to 20 cm thick, consist of glaucony-rich marls and limestones. The glaucony grains constitute up to 30% volume of the deposits. They represent an evolved stage of glauconitization since they contain more than 7% K2O. The content of AI2O3 is high (up to 19.97%, average 16.98%) while the content of Fe2C>3 is low' (not more than 23.48%, average 12.84%). These features are interpreted as a product of diagenetic processes. The glaucony-bearing deposits were formed at an upper bathyal depth and their rate of deposition was very low, what allowed long-lasting evolution of the glaucony grains. The K-Ar age of the glaucony grains is much younger than the biostratigraphic age of the studied section. The lowering of the K-Ar dates is interpreted as a result of loss of radiogenic Ar from the lattice of the glaucony.
Impact of a radio-frequency identification system and information interchange on clearance processes for cargo at border posts

Background: Improved operational efficiency is important to role players in cross-border logistics and trade corridors. Cargo owners and cargo forwarders have been particularly concerned about long delays in the processing and clearing of cargo at border posts. Field studies suggest that these delays are due to a combination of factors, such as a lack of optimum system configurations and non-optimised human-dependent operations, which make the operations prone to corruption and other malpractices. Objectives: This article presents possible strategies for improving some of the operations in this sector. The research hinges on two key questions: (1) what is the impact of information interchange between stakeholders on the cargo transit time and (2) how will cargo transit time be impacted upon by automatic identification of cargo and the status of cargo seals on arriving vehicles at the border? Method: The use of information communication systems enabled by automatic identification systems (incorporating radio-frequency identification technology) is suggested. Results: Results obtained by the described simulation model indicate that improvements of up to 82% with regard to transit time are possible using these techniques. Conclusion: The findings therefore demonstrate how operations at border posts can be improved through the use of appropriate technology and configuration of the operations.
Availability of Mn, Zn and Fe in the rhizosphere

This review paper critically assesses the literature on soil-microbe-plant interactions influencing availability of micronutrients in the rhizosphere. The emphasis is placed on Zn and Mn, but Fe is also covered to some extent. Micronutrient availability in the rhizosphere is controlled by soil and plant properties, and interactions of roots with microorganisms and the surrounding soil. Plants exude a variety of organic compounds (carboxylate anions, phenolics, carbohydrates, amino acids, enzymes, etc.) and inorganic ions (protons, phosphate, etc.) to change chemistry and biology of the rhizosphere and increase micronutrient availability. Increased availability may result from solubilization and mobilization by short-chain organic acid anions, amino acids and other low-molecular-weight organic compounds. Acidification of the rhizosphere soil increases mobilization of micronutrients (eg. for Zn, 100-fold increase in solubility for each unit of pH decrease). For diffusion-supplied micronutrients, the uptake rate is governed by the soil nutrient supply. Fertilisation with micronutrients (more so in case of Zn than Fe) can be effective in increasing the concentration of micronutrients at the soil-root interface. In addition, micronutrient-efficient crops and genotypes can increase an available nutrient fraction and hence increase micronutrient uptake. Our understanding of the physiological processes governing exudation and the soil-plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere is currently inadequate, especially in terms of spatial and temporal variability in root exudation as well as the fate and effectiveness of organic and inorganic compounds in increasing availability of soil micronutrients and undesirable trace elements. The interactions between microorganisms and plants at the soil-root interface are particularly important as well obscure.
Initial tones and prominence in Seoul Korean

Cette etude experimentale traite du statut de l'accent a l'initiale observe pour les noms du coreen de Seoul. Deux questions se sont posees : la perception de l'accent au niveau de la premiere syllabe du nom est-elle entierement due a l'accent d'intonation ou d'autres aspects accentuels sont-ils aussi impliques ? Mieux vaut-il considerer les tons initiaux comme accents melodiques ou comme tons phraseologiques (qui marquent la limite d'un groupe prosodique) ? Le resultat suggere que les noms coreens ne possedent pas d'accent a l'initiale
Long-term river trajectories to enhance restoration efficiency and sustainability on the Upper Rhine: an interdisciplinary study (Rohrschollen Island, France)

While the history of a fluvial hydrosystem can provide essential knowledge on present functioning, historical context remains rarely considered in river restoration. Here we show the relevance of an interdisciplinary study for improving restoration within the framework of a European LIFE+ project on the French side of the Upper-Rhine (Rohrschollen Island). Planimetric evolution combined with historical high flow data enabled to reconstruct pre-disturbance hydromorphological functioning and major changes that occurred on the reach. A deposition frequency assessment combining vertical evolution of the Rhine thalweg, chronology of deposits in the floodplain and a hydrological model revealed that the period of vertical incision in the main channel corresponded to high rates of narrowing and lateral channel filling. The analysis of filling processes by Passega diagram and IRLS dating highlight that periods of engineering works were closely related to fine sediment deposition, which present also concomitant heavy metal accumulation. In fact, current fluvial forms, processes and sediment chemistry around the Rohrschollen Island directly reflect the disturbances that occurred during past correction works, and up to today. Our results underscore the advantage of combining functional restoration with detailed knowledge of past-trajectory to: (i) understand the functioning of the hydrosystem prior anthropogenic disturbances, (ii) characterize the human-driven morphodynamic adjustments during the two last centuries, (iii) characterize physio-chemical sediment properties to trace anthropogenic activities and evaluate the potential impact of the restoration on pollutant remobilization, (iv) deduce post-restoration evolution and (v) evaluate efficiency and sustainability of the restoration effects. We anticipate our approach to expand the toolbox of decision-makers and help orientating functional restoration actions in the future.
The fate of lake ice in the North American Arctic

Abstract. Lakes comprise a large portion of the surface cover in northern North America, forming an important part of the cryosphere. The timing of lake ice phenological events (e.g. break-up/freeze-up) is a useful indicator of climate variability and change, which is of particular relevance in environmentally sensitive areas such as the North American Arctic. Further alterations to the present day ice regime could result in major ecosystem changes, such as species shifts and the disappearance of perennial ice cover. The Canadian Lake Ice Model (CLIMo) was used to simulate lake ice phenology across the North American Arctic from 1961–2100 using two climate scenarios produced by the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM). Results from the 1961–1990 time period were validated using 15 locations across the Canadian Arctic, with both in situ ice cover observations from the Canadian Ice Database as well as additional ice cover simulations using nearby weather station data. Projected changes to the ice cover using the 30-year mean data between 1961–1990 and 2041–2070 suggest a shift in break-up and freeze-up dates for most areas ranging from 10–25 days earlier (break-up) and 0–15 days later (freeze-up). The resulting ice cover durations show mainly a 10–25 day reduction for the shallower lakes (3 and 10 m) and 10–30 day reduction for the deeper lakes (30 m). More extreme reductions of up to 60 days (excluding the loss of perennial ice cover) were shown in the coastal regions compared to the interior continental areas. The mean maximum ice thickness was shown to decrease by 10–60 cm with no snow cover and 5–50 cm with snow cover on the ice. Snow ice was also shown to increase through most of the study area with the exception of the Alaskan coastal areas.
Comparison of two phosphate fertilizers in volcanic soils cultivated with coffee, of soconusco, Chiapas, México

Volcanic soils of several coffee-producing regions of Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico, classified as Andisols, have peculiar physical and chemical characteristics and a udic moisture regime. The objective of this study was to evaluate the function of phosphorus and phosphorus-related problems in the cultivation of coffee (Coffea arabica). Physical and chemical properties of the volcanic ash soils under a representative coffee plantation were determined. Two sources of phosphate fertilizers (triple superphosphate, ST; rock phosphate, RF) were compared. Phosphorus content in soil and plant was assessed, as well as its effect in four seasons of the year over five years. Besides, the residual effect of the phosphate sources and the effect of organic fertilizer on phosphorus contents of soil and plant was compared. The commercial formula (18-1206) and two controls (18-00-12 and 00-00-00) were used. The study was conducted in the Municipality of Union Juarez, Chiapas, Mexico. An analysis of variance was performed with the data, and means were compared with the Tukey test. A high level of P fixation in the soil was found. The highest concentrations of P in the soil and coffee plant were obtained with 18-20-12 RF and 1820-12 ST. The highest concentrations of P were observed in June and September. There was better P residuality in the soil with RF than with ST, while with organic fertilizer there was no satisfactory response.