Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spacecraft observations of solar wind turbulence: an overview

Spacecraft measurements in the solar wind offer the opportunity to study magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in a collisionless plasma in great detail. We review some of the key results of the study of this medium: the presence of large amplitude Alfvén waves propagating predominantly away from the Sun; the existence of an active turbulent cascade; and the presence of intermittency similar to that in neutral fluids. We also discuss the presence of anisotropy in wavevector space relative to the local magnetic field direction. Some models suggest that MHD turbulence can evolve to a state with power predominantly in wavevectors either parallel to the magnetic field (‘slab’ fluctuations) or approximately perpendicular to it (‘2D’). We review the existing evidence for such anisotropy, which has important consequences for the transport of energetic particles. Finally, we present the first results of a new analysis which provides the most accurate measurements to date of the wave-vector anisotropy of wavevector power in solar wind MHD turbulence.
Transfers from Migrants to Their Children: Evidence that Altruism and Cultural Factors Matter

This paper focuses on the determinants of financial inter vivos transfers by migrants living in France in 2003 to their adult children. From a theoretical viewpoint, such transfers may be explained either by altruism or by exchange. While parents would direct their assistance to their less well off children under altruism, support should be channeled to children who live nearby their parents under the exchange motive. We assess the relevance of these two motives using the French PRI survey. Unequal sharing is frequently observed and children are more likely to receive financial transfers when they are in poor circumstance, but not necessarily when living in proximity to parents. We also emphasize the role of cultural factors as determinants of the parental allocation among children. Muslim parents, in particular, are more likely to make transfers to sons than to daughters.
Behaviour of major chemical elements in a fire affected hillside from l yulin mountain, Bulgaria

At An Assov A, I. , M. teoh Arov and e. ZlAt Arev A, 2011. Behaviour of major chemical elements in a fire affected hillside from Lyulin Mountain, Bulgaria. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 17: 348-356 We analysed the post fire effects from the late summer of 2007 on the behaviour of major chemical elements in surface soils and soil profiles (Luvisols and Gleysols) characterised as a catena sequence in a hillside of Lyulin Mountain, Bulgaria. The objectives of our study were to assess the P, N, K, Ca, Mg, Na contents in soils on the ridge and the hillside and define relationships between major chemical elements and other soil characteristics with the purpose to point at the origin and behaviour of these elements as influenced by fire. Distributions of available major chemical elements were compared to interpret processes and sources involved in element redistribution. Our key findings are the following: (1) changes concern mainly N, K, P and Mn and are related to significant increases in the upper surface (0-6 cm) layer; (2) no major changes in the exchangeable Ca and Mg contents in the surface of the burnt and unburnt control soils, as well as between the surface and the lower depths of the soil profiles were found, i.e. no additional release of bases as a result of burning was accounted for; (3) elevated concentrations of Na ions in the lower depths of the soil profiles and in the surface soils of the lower boggy parts of the hillside were related to the prevailing conditions of soil genesis. Statistical analysis including the burnt and unburnt control soils did not reveal any significant modifications in the major relationships between the measured parameters. The results show a biogenic source for the elements N, P, K, Mn, e.g. plant residues mineralization including fire induced. The elements Ca, Mg and Na did not increase in the upper layers of the burnt soils, but increased downwards the soil profile and were mainly related to the physico-chemical soil properties, such as cation exchange capacity and carbonate content and indicated a geopedogenic source.
Vedolizumab use in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases undergoing surgery: clinical trials and post-marketing experience

Abstract Background Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases frequently require surgery, but immunotherapies used in disease management may increase the risk of post-operative complications. We investigated frequencies of post-operative complications in patients who received vedolizumab—a gut-selective antibody approved for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—in clinical-trial and post-marketing settings. Methods This post hoc analysis of safety data from GEMINI 1, GEMINI 2, and long-term safety studies included patients who had had colectomy or bowel surgery/resection. Data from the post-marketing Vedolizumab Global Safety Database were also analysed (data cutoff point: 19 May 2016). Adverse events relating to post-operative complications were identified using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities preferred terms. Results Of 58 total surgeries in patients included in GEMINI 1 and GEMINI 2, post-operative complications were reported for 3/51 vedolizumab-treated patients (5.9%) and 1/7 placebo-treated patients (14.3%). In the long-term safety study, 157/2,243 patients (7%) had colectomy or bowel surgery/resection; of these 157 patients who underwent surgery, 11 (7%) experienced a post-operative complication. Median time between last pre-operative vedolizumab dose and surgery was 23 days in GEMINI 1, 20 days in GEMINI 2, and 39‒40 days in the long-term safety study. In the post-marketing setting, based on data covering approximately 46,978 patient-years of vedolizumab exposure, post-operative complications were reported in 19 patients. Conclusions In clinical trials, complications of colectomy and bowel surgery/resection appeared infrequent, with minimal difference between vedolizumab and placebo. The frequency of post-operative complications in the post-marketing setting appears low.
Therapy of anorexia and Young’s early maladaptive schemas. Longitudinal study

background Young’s early maladaptive schemas are defined as convictions about oneself acquired in childhood, formed by a child in response to deprivation of his or her basic needs, especially in the area of relationships. In the case of anorexia, the role of the family and relations is emphasized as crucial for the genesis of this disorder. The aim of the research was to investigate whether Young’s early maladaptive schemas change during the therapy, which would prognosticate higher treatment efficiency.
AMONG WATERSHED LAND COVER AND RESERVOIR MORPHOMETRY , PRODUCTIVITY , AND ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES by

COMPLEX RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WATERSHED LAND COVER AND RESERVOIR MORPHOMETRY, PRODUCTIVITY, AND ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES by Elisabeth J. Hagenbuch Proper management of aquatic systems requires knowledge of the links among landscape-level anthropogenic disturbances, terrestrial subsidies, and aquatic ecosystem properties. Due to their large watershed area to surface area ratios, reservoirs often receive substantial subsidies of nutrients and sediments. To better understand relationships between environmental variables and reservoir ecosystem properties, we examined relationships among variables representing landscape-level features, reservoir morphometry, water quality parameters and zooplankton community biomass for 109 reservoirs spanning a wide productivity gradient. A principal components analysis (PCA) identified two significant environmental gradients, the first representing reservoir productivity and land use cover and the second representing reservoir morphometry. A regression tree analysis used landscape-level and morphometric parameters to classify reservoirs according to their productivity level into four groups. Significant correlations were detected between small-bodied zooplankton (rotifers and/or copepod nauplii) and several environmental parameters. Non-metric multidimensional scaling plots identified a separation between reservoirs in the highest and lowest productivity groups, but only for rotifer communities. COMPLEX RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WATERSHED LAND COVER AND RESERVOIR MORPHOMETRY, PRODUCTIVITY, AND ZOOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGES
Role of Primary Care Providers and Integrated Disease Surveillance in Chad

Role of Primary Care Providers and Integrated Disease Surveillance in Chad by Dhoud S. Samba MPH, Walden University, 2011 BA, Erskine College, 2001 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health Walden University July 2019 Abstract In the Republic of Chad, primary care physicians play a central role in the detection and control of outbreaks and are critical actors in the integrated disease surveillance system through mandatory reporting. Feedback on such surveillance must reveal the needs and perceptions of these physicians. These needs and perceptions were examined using a questionnaire survey distributed to a sampling of 20 physicians inIn the Republic of Chad, primary care physicians play a central role in the detection and control of outbreaks and are critical actors in the integrated disease surveillance system through mandatory reporting. Feedback on such surveillance must reveal the needs and perceptions of these physicians. These needs and perceptions were examined using a questionnaire survey distributed to a sampling of 20 physicians in Chad. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the role of primary care providers in the integrated disease surveillance to identify factors that impact complete, quality, and timely reporting. The theory of planned behavior was used for the theoretical framework. Interview data collected from the physicians via a purposive sampling strategy were analyzed. The questionnaire used a standardized, validated tool to assess the role and factors that impact complete, quality, and timely reporting related to the integrated disease surveillance system among primary care physicians. Demographics and descriptive analysis of the frequency of responses was performed. Key findings were positive for the importance of the provider’s role in case detection and case reporting. These findings offer an understanding of factors that affect the complete, quality, and timely reporting and give insight into how the integrated disease surveillance system might be improved. The data show the physicians understood how to conduct disease reporting, and provide solutions for enhancing the integrated disease surveillance system. These findings support social change by informing the important practice of early detection and reporting of infectious diseases to detect and control future outbreaks. Role of Primary Care Providers and Integrated Disease Surveillance in Chad by Dhoud S. Samba MPH, Walden University, 2011 BA, Erskine College, 2001 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Evaluating models for the estimation of furrow irrigation infiltration and roughness

Several methods have been proposed for estimating infiltration and roughness parameters in surface irrigation using mathematical models. The EVALUE, SIPAR_ID, and INFILT models were used in this work. The EVALUE model uses a direct solution procedure, whereas the other two models are based on the inverse solution approach. The objective of this study is to evaluate the capacity of these models to estimate the Kostiakov infiltration parameters and the Manning roughness coefficient in furrow irrigation. Twelve data sets corresponding to blocked-end and free draining furrows were used in this work. Using the estimated parameters and the SIRMOD irrigation simulation software, the total infiltrated volume and recession time were predicted to evaluate the accuracy of the mathematical models. The EVALUE and SIPAR_ID models provided the best performance, with EVALUE performing better than SIPAR_ID for estimating the Manning roughness coefficient. The INFILT model provided lower accuracy in cut-back irrigation than in standard irrigation. The performance of SIPAR_ID and INFILT in blocked-end and free draining furrows was similar.
INTERACTION AND THE CONSERVATION OF GENDER INEQUALITY: CONSIDERING EMPLOYMENT*

How can we explain the persistence of gender hierarchy over transformnations in its socioeconomic base? Part of the answer lies in the mediation of gender inequality by taken-for-granted interactional processes that rewrite inequality into new institutional arrangements. The problems of interacting cause actors to automatically sex-categorize others and, thus, to cue gender stereotypes that have various effects on interactional outcomes, usually by modifying the performance of other, more salient identities. Because changes in the status dimension of gender stereotypes lag behind changes in resource inequalities, interactional status processes can reestablish gender inequalities in new structural forms. Interactional sex categorization also biases the choice of comparison others, causing men and women to judge differently the rewards available to them. Operating in workplace relations, these processes conserve inequality by driving the gender-labeling of jobs, constructing people as gender-interested actors, contributing to employers' discriminatory preferences, and mediating men's and women's perceptions of alternatives and their willingness to settle for given job outcomes. H ow can we explain the persistence of gender hierarchy in our society over major historical transformations in its socioeconomic base? A system that advantages men over women in material resources, power, status, and authority (i.e., gender hierarchy) has continued in one form or another despite profound structural changes such as industrialization and the movement of production out of the household, women's accelerated movement into the labor force after World War II, and, most recently, women's entry into male-dominated occupations (Hartmann 1976; Reskin and Roos 1990). What accounts for the chameleon-like ability of gender hierarchy to reassert itself in new forms when its old structural forms erode?
Evaluation of selected balance indices on the stabilometric platform in children after mild head trauma

Introduction The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of balance disorders in children after mild head trauma. Material and methods Ninety patients after mild head trauma, aged 7–18 years, were examined on a stabilometric platform 48 h and 12 weeks after injury. The results were compared with 50 healthy children. Seven selected parameters of the stabilogram were measured and analyzed. Results Children hospitalized after head trauma represented 3.78% of all surgical admissions and 6.6% of all patients after head trauma reporting to the emergency department. The values of all parameters in the entire study group 48 h after injury were significantly higher than 12 weeks later (p < 0.03), when they decreased to the level of the values in the controls. An inverse relationship between the value of each parameter and the child’s age, both in the study group 48 h after injury (p < 0.014) and in the controls (p < 0.008), was found. The values of all parameters in children of the study group aged 11–15 years 48 h after the injury were significantly higher than 12 weeks later (p < 0.05), and significantly higher than in the controls (p < 0.05). The best indicators describing disorders and normalization of body balance control processes were the total path length of center of pressure (SP-EO), the average center of pressure deflection (MA-EO) and the average center of pressure sagittal deflection (MAAP-EO). Conclusions Minor head trauma clearly, though temporarily, disturbed body postural control, especially affecting children aged 11–15. However, all examined patients 3 months after injury controlled the body balance, like their healthy peers.
Characterization and Treatment of the Condensate Generated from Steaming of Beech Timber prior to Kiln-Drying

During steaming of timber, the hydrothermal treatment with saturated water vapor at elevated temperatures leads to numerous decomposition reactions within the wood. Condensate samples were collected from industrial kilns with direct and indirect steaming systems. Their composition was analyzed to determine the concentration of organic compounds like acids and carbohydrates as well as COD and BOD parameters. Aerobic and anaerobic biological treatment tests were carried out to examine the biodegradability of the condensate ingredients. Both methods exhibited high elimination rates of the organic components.
Skull Fracture and Haemorrhagic Pattern in Cases of Fatal Blunt Trauma Head Injury Autopsied at Tertiary Healthcare Centre in Eastern Nepal

Background: Head injury is regarded as a main health problem that is a common cause of morbidities and mortalities and makes great demand to control and prevent it. For this, policy makers need to see the pattern of head injury and this study is done to describe the pattern.Methods: Hospital based, descriptive cross sectional study done on one year autopsy cases of fatal blunt trauma head injury which was 76 in which proportion of different types of head injuries, their causes and their distribution as per age, sex, and duration of survival were studied.Results: Skull-vault fractures were present in 57 (75%) cases in which most common type of fracture was linear fracture constituting 29(49.12%). 50% of the cases were with skullbase fracture in which the most common was of anterior cranial fossa fracture(60.5%). 56.34% of the victims were with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) followed by subdural haemorrhage (SDH) and extradural haemorrhage (EDH). 6.6% victims were without any intracranial haemorrhage. Road traffic accident alone accounted for 71% of total blunt trauma causations of this fatal head injury. 70% cases were in age group from 11 to 50 years and 78.9% were male. 51.3% died at the spot. Conclusions: The research findings have shown that among the fatal blunt trauma head injury cases, skull vault fracture was present in 75% and skull base fracture was present in 50%. The most common intracranial haemorrhage was subarachnoid haemorrhage (56.34%) followed by subdural and extradural haemorrhage. Med Phoenix. Vol. 3, Issue. 1, 2018, Page: 71-74
Introducing the Tran Qol: A New Disease-Specific Quality of Life Measure for Children and Adults with Thalassemia Major

Background: Patients with thalassemia major require red cell transfusions for survival and have to deal with iron overload and chelation. Chelation is burdensome, traditionally involving nightly prolonged subcutaneous infusion therapy. We developed a disease-specific tool for these patients (TranQol) to measure their unique quality of life issues. Methods: Pediatric and adult thalassemia health care professionals and quality of life methodology experts generated 69 potential items. 74 further questions were generated through interviews with patients (pediatric and adult) and parents. Results: 120 participants contributed: 16 healthcare workers, 31 children and 30 adults with thalassemia and 43 parents. Duplicate and infrequent questions were discarded leaving 58 items. Three self-reported questionnaires (child, parent and adult) and one child proxy-report for parents were developed. Questionnaire length ranged from 29 (child’s) to 39 (parent’s). Questions were grouped into four domains: physical health, emotional health, family functioning, and school and career functioning. A fifth category on sexual activity included only one item. Cognitive debriefing was done by interviewing additional children, parents, and adults. As a result, three items were added, one was deleted and 16 were modified. Conclusion: The TranQol is a new disease-specific quality of life measure for thalassemia major patients developed using rigorous methodology.
Implications of External Validity for Research on Polycentric and Complex Adaptive Systems

Much recent research has examined the implications of policy analysis for complex adaptive social-ecological systems. System complexity comes from both the natural environment as well as complex institutional arrangements that humans use to manage and regulate such systems. Such research has systematically investigated how the interaction of a host of variables relate to some evaluation criteria. Many scholars argue that a deep understanding of the social-ecological systems, however, comes at the expense of externally valid inferences to other systems. In this paper I argue that having a nuanced understanding of the social-ecological system actually helps one to understand which types of policy domains an analysis might be generalized.
Fundamental Principles and Results of a New Astronomic Theory of Climate Change

In light of the latest research developments, this paper describes the fundamental principles of the astronomic theory of climate change. It comprises three problems: the evolution of the orbital motion, the evolution of the Earth’s rotational motion and the evolution of the insolation controlled by the evolutions of those motions. All the problems have been solved in a new way and other methods. The paper demonstrates geometric parameters of the Earth’s insolation by the Sun, and explains a new insolation theory. Its results are identical to the results of the previous theory. The equations of orbital movement are established, is told about their solution and the results for the different periods of time are submitted. These results improve the results of the previous theories: the planets’ and the Moon’s orbits are stable and the Solar system is stable. In much the same way, the problem of the Earth’s rotation is described. Unlike the previous papers, this problem is solved here without simplification. The calculations demonstrate significant oscillation of the Earth’s axis. These results were confirmed with other three independent solutions of the Earth’s rotation problem. The oscillations of the Earth’s axis result in such oscillations of insolation that explain the paleoclimate changes. The material in this paper is presented in a format intelligible for a broad audience.