Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tradeoff Analysis between Spectrum Efficiency and Energy Efficiency in Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) Using Bias Factor

—Recently, Small Base Stations (SBSs) are added to macro-cell layout to extend network coverage and increase system capacity. Whereas, most of the users incline to connect to Macro Base Stations (MBSs) due to their overwhelmingly higher transmit power. As a result, the imbalanced distribution of load leads to the underutilization of the resources of SBSs, which may deteriorate the network performance. The small Cell Range Expansion (CRE) aims at solving the problem by setting a positive bias factor. Although this technology turns out to be effective, it’s not easy to understand the corresponding effect on network performance. Therefore, the average area weighted load per cell is derived to address this issue. Meanwhile, we utilize Area Weighted Spectrum Efficiency (AWSE) and Area Weighted Energy Efficiency (AWEE) to observe the effect of bias factor from the perspective of cells per tier. Further, the efficiency (SE) and efficiency (EE) of different tiers are calculated on tier level. Simulation results show that there is a tradeoff between the overall SE and EE with varying bias factors, which provides a new insight into the analysis of network performance.
Towards an aesthetic of popular music

A sewing device for sewing similar workpieces of alternate sizes, the device is provided with means for the positioning control and the insertion of the workpiece cuts to be sewn, into the workpiece clamping holders. To adapt the device for workpieces of other sizes, there are provided adjusting means for the simultaneous displacement of two-piece clamping holders, master cams and the stop dogs of an inserting device.
MR-CNN: A Multi-Scale Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network for Small Traffic Sign Recognition

Small traffic sign recognition is a challenging problem in computer vision, and its accuracy is important to the safety of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In this paper, we propose the multi-scale region-based convolutional neural network (MR-CNN). At the detection stage, MR-CNN uses a multi-scale deconvolution operation to up-sample the features of the deeper convolution layers and concatenates them to those of the shallow layer to construct the fused feature map. The fused feature map has the ability to generate fewer region proposals and achieve higher recall values. At the classification stage, we leverage the multi-scale contextual regions to exploit the information surrounding a given object proposal and construct the fused feature for the fully connected layers. The fused feature map inside the region proposal network (RPN) focuses primarily on improving the image resolution and semantic information for small traffic sign detection, while outside the RPN, the fused feature enhances the feature representation by leveraging the contextual information. Finally, we evaluated MR-CNN on the largest dataset, Tsinghua-Tencent 100K, which is suitable for our problem and more challenging than the GTSDB and GTSRB datasets. The final experimental results indicate that the MR-CNN is superior at detecting small traffic signs, and that it achieves the state-of-the-art performance compared with other methods.
Self-rated physical health predicts change in disability in multiple sclerosis

Objective To examine whether self-rated physical health, as measured by the Physical Functioning Scale (PF) and the Role-physical Scale (RF) of the SF-36 Health Survey, could predict change in disability measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) over a follow-up period of 3 years. Methods A group of 156 clinically definite MS patients (Poser criteria), who had never been treated with disease-modifying therapies, were recruited consecutively from an outpatient clinic setting at the Institute of Neurology, Belgrade. The self-rated physical health was measured by using PF and RF of the SF-36. Results At follow-up, 33 out of 156 patients (21%) had dropped out. The mean EDSS score had increased from 3.7 to 4.5. Multiple regression analyses using change in EDSS as the dependent variable and baseline scores of EDSS and RF as independent variables showed a significant effect for RF (standardized beta = –0.21). A similar but non-significant effect was found for PF. Dichotomizing change in disability according to clinically meaningful deterioration and using logistic regression, an odds ratio of 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.01–1.62) was found for the smallest unit of change in the self-rated scale. This means that patients who rated their own physical health as poor had a higher increase in disability compared with patients with the same level of disability at baseline who rated their physical health better. Conclusions MS patients’ perception of their health comprises information predictive for disease development not included in the more objective measure of disability status.
Influence of aging on nitrogen accretion during critical illness.

BACKGROUND Aging adversely affects nitrogen accretion during health, but its effect during critical illness is unknown. Nitrogen balance (NB) response to varying protein intakes was compared between critically ill, older and younger patients. METHODS Adult patients admitted to the trauma intensive care unit, given enteral or parenteral nutrition, and who had a NB determination within 5-14 days after injury were evaluated. Patients with renal or hepatic disease were excluded. Patients were categorized as older (≥60 years) or younger (18-59 years of age). Data are given as mean ± SD or median [interquartile range]. RESULTS Fifty-four older (69 [65, 77] years) and 195 younger (35 [27, 47] years) patients were evaluated. NB was blunted for the older patients with an observed trending improvement in NB from -13.5 ± 5.5 to -5.6 ± 8.8 g/d (P = NS) noted at 1.5-1.99 g/kg/d. NB improved from -22.2 ± 8.2 to -11.8 ± 9.9 g/d (P = .05) at 1-1.49 g/kg/d and modestly thereafter for each 0.5-g/kg/d increase in protein intake for the younger patients. Serum urea nitrogen concentration during the NB was highly variable but overall greater for the older patients (20 [14, 33] vs 15 [10, 20] mg/dL, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Improvement in nitrogen accretion was blunted at lower protein intakes in critically ill, older patients compared with younger patients. Individualization of protein intake is warranted.
Perceived Physical Health and Heart-Focused Anxiety Among Daily Adult Cigarette Smokers: Associations with Affect-Relevant Smoking Motives and Outcome Expectancies

Abstract The present investigation examined heart-focused anxiety and perceived physical health in terms of affect-relevant cigarette smoking motives and outcome expectancies. Participants were a community sample of 140 adult daily smokers (81 women, mean age = 29.60 years, SD = 11.98). In terms of smoking motives, both heart-focused anxiety and perceived physical health incrementally predicted smoking for negative affect reduction motives above and beyond relevant covariates (gender, weekly alcohol consumption, daily smoking rate). Yet heart-focused anxiety, but not perceived physical health, was incrementally predictive of habitual motives, relative to the same covariates. With regard to smoking outcome expectancies, heart-focused anxiety was incrementally predictive of negative reinforcement outcome expectancies, whereas perceived physical health was not. Alternatively, perceived physical health was incrementally predictive of negative personal consequence outcome expectancies, but heart-focused anxiety was not. Findings are discussed in relation to the role of perceived health vulnerabilities in clarifying affect-oriented smoking motives and expectancies.
Optimal Fixed-Point Implementation of Digital Filters

We consider the problem of finding optimal realizations of discrete-time digital filters w.r. t. implementation on a finite-memory machine with a fixed-point processor. A realization for which the performance of the fixed-point implementation under quantization effects is closest (in some sense) to the ideal performance (assuming precise arithmetic) is considered optimal. The transfer function corresponding to the optimal implementation is not necessarily the same as the transfer function of the original filter. Therefore, the optimal implementation cannot be obtained via a change of coordinates. This problem is inherently a nonlinear control problem due to the presence of the quantizer. We use a signal + noise model to linearize the system. After linearization, the problem of finding the optimal realization is still a nonconvex optimization problem. We show that under some mild technical assumptions the problem can be convexified losslessly, and transformed into an equivalent set of LMIs for which numerical solutions can be obtained efficiently.
Spo0A Mutants of Bacillus subtilis with Sigma Factor-Specific Defects in Transcription Activation

ABSTRACT The transcription factor Spo0A of Bacillus subtilis has the unique ability to activate transcription from promoters that require different forms of RNA polymerase holoenzyme. One class of Spo0A-activated promoter, which includes spoIIEp, is recognized by RNA polymerase associated with the primary sigma factor, sigma A (ςA); the second, which includesspoIIAp, is recognized by RNA polymerase associated with an early-sporulation sigma factor, sigma H (ςH). Evidence suggests that Spo0A probably interacts directly with RNA polymerase to activate transcription from these promoters. To identify residues of Spo0A that may be involved in transcriptional activation, we used PCR mutagenesis of the entire spo0A gene and designed a screen using two distinguishable reporter fusions, spoIIE-gus andspoIIA-lacZ. Here we report the identification and characterization of five mutants of Spo0A that are specifically defective in activation of ςA-dependent promoters while maintaining activation of ςH-dependent promoters. These five mutants identify a 14-amino-acid segment of Spo0A, from residue 227 to residue 240, that is required for transcriptional activation of ςA-dependent promoters. This region may define a surface or domain of Spo0A that makes direct contacts with ςA-associated holoenzyme.
Effect of NaCl Solution and Temperatures on Water Treeing Propagation in XLPE Underground Cable for Medium Voltage

Water tree has been studied for many years due to it is the cause of insulation failure in HV Cross-Link Polyethylene (XLPE) cable. The insulation failure was mostly associated with the presence of ionic solutions in water treeing. This paper presents the study results on the effect of NaCl ionic solution and temperature to water treeing propagation in HV XLPE cable. A 22 KV XLPE HV underground cable using in the distribution system of Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) of Thailand was used as a testing specimen. The study was performed by dip testing specimens in 0.1 mol/L of NaCI ionic solution with difference temperature, i.e., ambient temperature, 50 °C, and 70 °C, respectively. Testing specimens were subjected to 24 kV 50 Hz during the testing period for 1000 hours and 2000 hours. A comparative study of the effects of relative permittivity, bulk conductivity, and behavior of water treeing was presented. The experimental results show that at ambient temperature of 50 °C and 70 °C for 1000 hrs. However, for 2000 hrs. , water treeing propagation was not similar at 1000 hrs. Such results may be due to the role of the testing period. The trend of water treeing propagation is faster than at 1000 hrs.
A Simulation-Based Comparison Between Si and SiC MOSFETs on Single-Event Burnout Susceptibility

This paper presents the simulation-based comparison between silicon (Si) and silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs on the single-event burnout (SEB) performance for the first time. The safe operation areas (SOAs) regarding SEB are extracted and compared between the two structures when the heavy ions with a different linear energy transfer (LET) strike the sensitive areas of the devices. It is demonstrated that benefiting from the higher doped drift region, SiC MOSFET has a larger SEB threshold voltage than Si MOSFET at low LET range. However, it is the other way around at high LET range, which is attributed to the thicker epitaxy of Si MOSFET. The introduction of buffer layer to enhance the SEB hardness is also discussed. Results indicate that a thicker buffer layer is required for SiC MOSFET to enlarge the SOA, resulting in a more serious degradation of the specific ON-resistance ( ${R}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON},\textsf {sp}}$ ). Consequently, other hardening solutions need to be further explored to ensure the safe operation of SiC MOSFET in space applications.
Craniofacial comparisons in 22-month-old lip-operated children with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate and unilateral incomplete cleft lip.

OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to analyze the craniofacial morphology in infants with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCCLP) in which the lip and the anterior part of the palate had been surgically closed at 2 months of age and to compare the morphology with that of a control group with unilateral incomplete cleft lip (UICL) in which the lip had also been surgically closed at 2 months of age. DESIGN The sample consisted of a total of 108 cleft children all fulfilling the entry criteria, besides diagnosis, as follows: The child was of Danish origin; the age of the child was between 650 and 750 days (approximately 22 months) at the time of examination; the child was healthy except for its single cleft malformation; the surgical procedure in each group had been performed at about 2 months of age by the same surgeon. The surgical methods used were a Tennison procedure (UICL group) and a Tennison procedure supplemented by palatovomer plasty (UCCLP group). METHODS The method of investigation was infant cephalometry in the lateral, frontal, and axial projections. Linear, angular, and area variables describing the craniofacial morphology were calculated and supplemented by mean plots from the cephalometric projections in the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Statistical analysis based on Student's t test showed that the facial morphology in the 22-month-old UCCLP group differed significantly from that of the UICL group. The most pronounced differences were found in the maxillary complex and the mandible. The deviations observed in the UCCLP group at 22 months of age were similar to those previously observed at 2 months of age. However, several of the dysmorphic traits had become less pronounced; some had remained the same; and a few had become worse with time.
Amniopatch - possibility of successful treatment of spontaneous previable rupture of membranes in the second trimester of pregnancy by transabdominal intraamiotic application of platelets and cryoprecipitate.

OBJECTIVE To outline possibility of successful treatment of spontaneous previable rupture of membranes in the second trimester of pregnancy. INTRODUCTION Spontaneous previable rupture of membranes (SPROM) in the second trimester of pregnancy is one of the most alarming problems in current obstetrics. Perinatal mortality is about 60 %, one third of which represents intrauterine fetal demise. Surviving neonates suffer from various complications. There are different clinical approaches regarding treatment of SPROM. MATERIAL AND METHODS We present a case of a 30 year old secundigravida with a history of SPROM at 19+1 weeks gestation. Ultrasonographic examination revealed anhydramnios. Genital cultures and laboratory studies ruled out infectious etiology of SPROM. Due to expected poor neonatal outcome, decision to attempt amniopatch as an experimental therapeutic alternative was made at 21+1 weeks gestation (two weeks after SPROM had occurred). Autologous concentrated platelets followed by autologous cryoprecipitate were administered into the amniotic cavity transabdominally under ultrasound guidance. After 3 days sonographic examination showed normal volume of amniotic fluid. On 22 postoperative day, patient notice some leaking of fluid vaginally. Fetal growth was appropriate, amniotic fluid volume was decreased, however, oligohydramnios never progressed to anhydramnios. Pregnancy ended with primary cesarean delivery at 33+1 weeks gestation. Live born male infant with 1750 g birth weight was delivered. Postnatal development was within normal limits. CONCLUSION Intraamniotic application of "amniopatch" may represent a possibly successful treatment of spontaneous previable rupture of membranes. This case reports the longest stop of the leaking of amniotic fluid and total prolongation of pregnancy with favorable perinatal outcome after "amniopatch" treatment of spontaneous previable rupture of membranes in the second trimester so far published in available literature.
Scoping Review on Access to Information about Social Care Services

Contents Page Executive summary i 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Aims and objectives 2 1.2 Scope and limitations of the study 2 2. Methods 5 2.1 Part One: Mapping and identifying gaps in government research 5 and development projects 2.2 Part Two: Scoping the literature 6 2.3 Part Three: Telephone interviews with voluntary organisations 8 3. Results 11 3.1 Information needs and accessibility of information for different 12 user groups 3.1.1 Older people 12 3.1.2 People with long term conditions (all ages) 16 3.1. 3 Physically disabled people 18 3.1. 4 People with learning difficulties 19 3.1. 5 People with mental health problems 20 3.1. 6 BME groups 21 3.1. 7 People with HIV/AIDS 22 3.1. 8 People with drug or alcohol problems 23 3.1. 9 People with sensory impairments 24 3.1.10 Carers and informal providers 27 3.2 Information needs and accessibility about types of social 28 care services 3.2.1 Residential care 28 3.2.2 Domiciliary care 30 3.2.3 Short breaks and respite care 31 3.2. 4 Day centres and day time activities 32 3.2. 5 Intermediate care 32 3.2. 6 Equipment and assistive technology 33 3.2. 7 Advice and information centres 34 3.3 Information needs and accessibility for other groups and services 35 3.4 Other government projects not aimed at specific groups or services 36 4. Summary of results 41 4.1 Summary of research evidence on information needs and the 41 accessibility of information, and the extent to which these are being met by current or planned government-related development projects 4.1.1 People want information in appropriate formats 41 4.1.2 People want information that is easy to find without 44 having to search numerous sources 4.1. 3 People want personalised information 46 4.1. 4 People want targeted information at the right time 48 4.1. 5 People want good quality information 49 4.1. 6 People want information from well trained staff 50 4.1. 7 Services about which information is hard to find 51 4.1. 8 Ongoing/planned government projects to further 52 investigate needs for information 4.2 User groups and social care service types for which there is no 53 evidence about the accessibility of information 5.
Segmentation of the Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Strokes (Bleeds) from Brain CT Image Based on GVF Snake

Segmentation of Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Strokes from Brain CT Image is a process of segmenting homogenous area to measure its volume. The purpose of this paper is to calculated the ROI area from ICH bleeding, the results then are compared with the results of CT Scan area. The process used DICOM image with Gradient Vector Flow (GVF) Snake method. DICOM image shows the pixel area; therefore, by calculating the resulted area from the segmentation, the homogenous area or the bleeding area of intracerebral hemorrhagic (ICH) ca be determined. GVF Snake method is a type of active contours that can be used for bleeding segmentation. The formulated constants for image are σ=5, µ=0.1, GVF Iteration=40, α=0.05, ß=0, y=5, k=5, and Snake Iteration = 40. The result of ROI GVF Snake area is compared with ROI area from the CT-Scan, with the similarity of 79.937%.
An Application of the Hardened Floating-Point Cores on HIL Simulations

Programmable logic is becoming usual in Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) emulation due to its acceleration capabilities. HIL technique is specifically useful for verifying power electronics. But even using programmable logic, if integration steps below 100 ns are required and floating-point is the chosen representation, it has not been possible to reach real time simulations. With the release of devices with HFP (Hardened Floating-Point) cores -dedicated floating-point blocks implemented in silicon-, the minimum achievable simulation step decreases significantly. This work shows an implementation of a full-bridge converter model using HFP cores. Results show that the HFP-based model achieve a simulation step around 10 ns in this case. However, when decreasing the integration step, numerical resolution can become an issue. Thus, designers face a trade-off before selecting 32-bit floating-point representation for a model: better integration steps vs. accuracy limits. In this way, resolution and accuracy are also studied.
Incidence and risk factors for inpatient falls in an academic acute-care hospital.

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to assess the frequency of inpatient falls and to evaluate potential risk factors in an academic hospital. METHODS An electronic audit of the inpatient database at the Tama-Nagayama Hospital of Nippon Medical School from April 2004 through March 2005 was performed. Inpatient falls were registered regularly with incident reports submitted by nurses and other hospital employees discovering the fall. All inpatients were analyzed for potential risk factors using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Of the 8,537 patients, 109 (1.3%) fell. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that inpatient falls were significantly associated with a patient age of 51 to 70 years (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3 - 4.7) or of 71 to 90 years (odds ratio, 4.2; 95% CI, 2.4 - 8.1); with a hospital stay of 15 to 21 days (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.6 - 7.0), 22 to 28 days (odds ratio, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.8 - 9.5), or 29 days or longer (odds ratio, 13.8; 95% CI, 8.3 - 24.1); with admission to the surgery (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1 - 3.5), orthopedics (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1 - 4.9), neurosurgery (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.5 - 5.9), or urology service (odds ratio, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.8 - 8.2); and with no surgical procedure (odds ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0 - 2.6). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that patient-related factors, such as age and length of stay, and treatment-related factors, such as no surgical procedure and admission to the surgery, orthopedics, neurosurgery, or urology service, are independent risk factors for inpatient falls. The results suggest that fall-prevention programs should target patients with these risk factors.