Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bromine from short–lived source gases in the Northern Hemisphere
UTLS

Abstract. We present novel measurements of five short-lived brominated source gases (CH2Br2, CHBr3, CH2ClBr, CHCl2Br and CHClBr2) obtained using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer system on board the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO). The instrument is extremely sensitive due to the use of chemical ionisation, allowing detection limits in the lower parts per quadrillion (10−15) range. Data from three campaigns using the HALO aircraft are presented, where the Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) of the Northern Hemisphere mid to high latitudes were sampled during winter and during late summer to early fall. We show that an observed decrease with altitude in the stratosphere is consistent with the relative lifetimes of the different compounds. Distributions of the five source gases and total organic bromine just below the tropopause shows an increase in mixing ratio with latitude, in particular during polar winter. This increase in mixing ratio is explained by increasing lifetimes at higher latitudes during winter. As the mixing ratio at the extratropical tropopause are generally higher than those derived for the tropical tropopause, extratropical troposphere-to-stratosphere transport will result in elevated levels of organic bromine in comparison to air transported over the tropical tropopause. The observations are compared to model estimates using different emission scenarios. A scenario which has emissions most strongly concentrated to low latitudes cannot reproduce the observed latitudinal distributions and will tend to overestimate bromine input through the tropical tropopause from CH2Br2 and CHBr3. Consequently, the scenario also overestimates the amount of brominated organic gases in the stratosphere. The two scenarios with the highest overall emissions of CH2Br2 tend to overestimate mixing ratios at the tropical tropopause but are in much better agreement with extratropical tropopause values, showing that not only total emissions but also latitudinal distributions in the emissions are of importance. While an increase in tropopause values with latitude is reproduced with all emission scenarios during winter, the simulated extratropical tropopause values are on average lower than the observations during late summer to fall. We show that a good knowledge of the latitudinal distribution of tropopause mixing ratios and of the fractional contributions of tropical and extratropical air is needed to derive stratospheric inorganic bromine in the lowermost stratosphere from observations. Depending on the underlying emission scenario, differences of a factor 2 in reactive bromine derived from observations and model outputs are found for the lowermost stratosphere, based on source gas injection. We conclude that a good representation of the contributions of different source regions is required in models for a robust assessment of the role of short-lived halogen source gases on ozone depletion in the UTLS.
Regional-scale modelling for the assessment of atmospheric particulate matter concentrations at rural background locations in Europe

Abstract. The application of regional-scale air quality models is an important tool in air quality assessment and management. For this reason, the understanding of model abilities and performances is mandatory. The main objective of this research was to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of background particulate matter (PM) concentrations, to evaluate the regional air quality modelling performance in simulating PM concentrations during statically stable conditions and to investigate processes that contribute to regionally increased PM concentrations with a focus on eastern and central Europe. The temporal and spatial variability of observed PM was analysed at 310 rural background stations in Europe during 2011. Two different regional air quality modelling systems (offline coupled European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme, EMEP, and online coupled Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry) were applied to simulate the transport of pollutants and to further investigate the processes that contributed to increased concentrations during high-pollution episodes. Background PM measurements from rural background stations, wind speed, surface pressure and ambient temperature data from 920 meteorological stations across Europe, classified according to the elevation, were used for the evaluation of individual model performance. Among the sea-level stations (up to 200 m), the best modelling performance, in terms of meteorology and chemistry, was found for both models. The underestimated modelled PM concentrations in some cases indicated the importance of the accurate assessment of regional air pollution transport under statically stable atmospheric conditions and the necessity of further model improvements.
CSR and Corporate Financial Performance: An Inter-Sectorial Analysis

This study examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate financial performance (CFP), shedding new light on the lack of academic consensus and prevailing failure to deal with endogeneity in data. To this purpose, the authors recalculate ESG performance starting from the four pillars (economic, environmental, governance and social) provided by Thomson Reuters’ Asset4 database, able to determine a firm’s CSP. We adjust each ESG pillar score accounting for the firm’s sector, size and headquarter geographic area. We empirically test the relationship with a Generalized Method of Moments approach (GMM) in order to tackle the widely disputed endogeneity issues arising in this type of datasets. Results highlight a positive relationship between CSR, as measured in a tailored manner in this study, and corporate financial performance.
Effects of Second Hand Smoking on the Health of School Children in Awendo, Kenya

Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) can cause diseases and deaths among children. Yet children continue to be exposed especially among the low income countries. Epidemiological evidence shows that children of smoking parents have increased risk of neuro-behavioral deficits, neurodevelopmental deficits and childhood cancer. The aim of this study was to find out if children living in low-income countries are still exposed to SHS and its additional burden on the health and school absenteeism among children in the rural setting. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in February-March 2016. A 2-stage cluster-sample design was used to obtain a representative sample (N=600) of private and public primary day school students year 7 and 8 (aged 12-15 years old) in Awendo. A higher proportion (55.5%) of the younger children lived with one or more than two smokers in the home. A modest proportion of children reported complete restriction of smoking at home. The risk of Asthmatic attack increased by more than three fold and more than ten fold among children living with one smoker and among those living with more than two smokers respectively. Smoking has been associated with poor dietary intake, in this case children living with smokers were found to be significantly malnourished. Successful smoking cessation among residents living with children could contribute to decreased asthmatic attacks, malnutrition and school absenteeism.
Control influence on trust and relational governance in the client-contractor dyad

It has often been claimed that developing trustful relationships across the construction supply chain is likely to yield higher project performance outcomes. However, most recently, it has been suggested that there seems to be an apparent retreat by some of the earlier advocates of the relational agenda through trust development given the economic turbulence. Such claims raise important questions regarding the influence of macroeconomic factors/environment on relationship-based approaches and hence trust development. Was the promotion of such relational agenda purely driven by the burgeoning economy as claimed by some at the time or was this the right direction for the construction industry if higher project performance outcomes were to be delivered to clients? This study aims to explore from literature, the current state of the relational agenda in the UK construction industry with particular emphasis on trust development so as to gain an insight into what the future outlook is likely to be. Literature on trust in construction and other team-based industries are synthesised to identify any links between trust development and themes that relate to or can be influenced by the macro-economy. From this, it is argued that perhaps, the macroeconomic environment exerts a considerable influence on trust. There is a higher tendency for firms to display higher levels of competence trust and relatively lower levels of integrity trust during economic downturns. For high levels of project performance to be maintained, clients may switch between different governance modes underpinned by 'collaborations wuth and without integrity trust' depending on the project life cycle and macro-economic outlook. This could influence overall procurement and managerial strategies on projects such that the use of transactional approaches could become more prominent during periods of economic downturn.
anemia as public health problem among child under five years age

Anemia has a serious consequences effects on child growth, development, and survival. Analytical, cross-sectional, non-probability co nvenient study done with sampling of 240 children aged less than five years (6-60 months) which was conducted in five primary health care centers in Al-Resafa sector and two pediatric hospitals in Baghdad city (Central child hospital and Ibn Al-Baldi hospital). The study started from 1st March till 31 of August 2017. The data was collected by direct interview with parent using special questionnaire to obtain information. The results of the study revealed that the age of child is known to be a important and a significant factor associated with anemia 38.3% of the anemic child were at 13-24 months age, 56.3% were male, 60.9% mother age were ≥ 20, 35.8% of mother had primary degree of education, 77.5% of them were unemployed, 68.7% had anemia during pregnancy, 45.8% of family income of anemic child were intermediate, 64.2% of family drinking untreated water, 59.6% had pad sewage system, 73.7% of them sometime eating meat and egg. The study showed no significant differences between anemia in children and anthropometric measures. Other results showed that 69.5% of child had continuous breast feeding, 81.7% had no history of cow milk consumption, 40.8% given complementary feeding at age of > 4 months, 74.2% had no history of consumption of fortified milk. Regarding causes of anemia iron deficiency was the major causes in 67.9% of child under five years age
Long-term administration of DHEA prevents fat deposition in rats fed a high-fat diet.

The effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on lipid metabolism and lipogenic gene mRNA expression in rats subjected to a high-fat diet were determined. Totally 75 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group 1 fed a normal diet (NCG), and groups 2–5 fed a high-fat diet with 0 (HCG), 25 (HLG), 50 (HMG), 100 (HHG) mg DHEA per kg body weight via gavage once a day for 8 weeks, respectively. DHEA significantly decreased body weight in HMG group as compared with HCG group (P < 0.05). Hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol contents were decreased in HMG and HHG groups (P < 0.05), and hepatic lipase activity in HMG group was higher (P < 0.01) than in HCG group. Fatty acid synthesis (FAS) mRNA level was decreased in HLG and HHG groups (P < 0.01), and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) mRNA level was decreased in HMG and HHG groups when compared with HCG group (P < 0.01). Acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) and liver carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (LCPT-1) mRNA abundance was decreased in HLG and HHG groups (P < 0.01), whereas hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) mRNA level was increased in HMG group as compared with HCG group (P < 0.05). These results indicated that long-term administration of DHEA reduced the synthesis of endogenous triglycerides by inhibiting SREBP-1 and FAS expression, and augmented the lipolysis of exogenous triglycerides through enhancing HSL expression, which eventually led to reduced fat deposition in rats fed a high-fat diet.
Analysis of money supply Indonesia: The vector autoregression model approach

Endogenous money is a major component of the Post Keynesian economy. This refers to the theory that the existence of money in an economy is driven by real economic upheaval. In this study examines the effect of macroeconomic variables on the amount of money in circulation in Indonesia during the period of global economic recession in 2008 and 2016. The analytical tool used was the Vector Autoregression (VAR) in the period January 2006 - July 2016. From the results of the study, that the variable Amount Money Supply, BI Rate, Exchange Rates, Government Revenues and Inflation have a long-term cointegration relationship. VAR estimation results in the short run show that M2 and BI Rate have a positive effect on M2 movement, Government Revenues and Inflation have a negative effect on M2.
Biodegradation of phenanthrene by native bacterial strains isolated from the river Nile water in Egypt

The selection of appropriate bacterium species is critical in the successful application of biodegradation techniques. The present study is an attempt to isolate and identify new indigenous bacterial strains from a contaminated site in the river Nile water, and to assess their capability to degrade high concentrations of phenanthrene (PHE) as a model for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In order to demonstrate the potential of the isolated bacterial strains in degrading high concentration of PHE, batch reactors were conducted using mineral salt base (MSB) and river Nile water as media, supplemented with 100 mgL -1 PHE as sole carbon and energy
Analyzing Semantic Correctness with Symbolic Execution: A Case Study on PKCS#1 v1.5 Signature Verification

— We discuss how symbolic execution can be used to not only ﬁnd low-level errors but also analyze the semantic correctness of protocol implementations. To avoid manually crafting test cases, we propose a strategy of meta-level search, which leverages constraints stemmed from the input formats to automatically generate concolic test cases. Additionally, to aid root-cause analysis, we develop constraint provenance tracking (CPT), a mechanism that associates atomic sub-formulas of path constraints with their corresponding source level origins. We demonstrate the power of symbolic analysis with a case study on PKCS#1 v1.5 signature veriﬁcation. Leveraging meta-level search and CPT, we analyzed 15 recent open-source implementations using symbolic execution and found semantic ﬂaws in 6 of them. Further analysis of these ﬂaws showed that 4 implementations are susceptible to new variants of the Bleichenbacher low-exponent RSA signature forgery. One implementation suffers from potential denial of service attacks with purposefully crafted signatures. All our ﬁndings have been responsibly shared with the affected vendors. Among the ﬂaws discovered, 6 new CVEs have been assigned to the immediately exploitable ones.
Enhancement of the Dynamic Performance of a DC Motor using Fuzzy Logic Algorithm

— Among the most effective controllers that are world wide spread are the Proportional integral and derivative PID Controllers. It is well known that tuning the parameters of the conventional PID changes the plant response such that plant could be faster and more robust. In conventional PID controllers the parameters K p , K i , K d are kept constant during the plant operation and they are adjusted only once at the beginning of the plant operation, This paper presents online tuning technique using Fuzzy logic algorithm for continuous updating of the parameters of the PID for achieving effective speed control of the DC motor. This technique proved to be enhancing the overall performance of the plant by decreasing the overshoot, reducing settling time and rise time. Additionally this Fuzzy logic PID algorithm is found to be very effective in bringing the DC motor system to more stable operation. The MATLAB/SIMULINK is used for modeling of the DC motor system along with the Fuzzy logic PID controller and conventional PID controller. The speed responses of the DC motor for both controllers are presented and compared.
Can short selling constraints explain the portfolio inefficiency of U.K. benchmark models

This study uses the Bayesian approach of Wang(1998) to examine the impact of no short selling constraints on the mean-variance inefficiency of linear factor models in U.K. stock returns and to conduct model comparison tests between the models. No short selling constraints lead to a substantial reduction in the mean-variance inefficiency of all factor models and eliminate the mean-variance inefficiency of some factor models in states when the lagged one-month U.K. Treasury Bill return is higher than normal. In model comparison tests, the best performing model is a six-factor model of Fama and French(2017a), which uses the small ends of the value, profitability, investment, and momentum factors.
Comorbid psychiatric diagnosis in suicide attempters using self-immolation and self-poisoning: A case-control and multisite study

Background a not been inves information an evaluate the di and self-immol Materials and 142 study samp different provin self-immolation Chi-square test Results: About (p<0.001). Ma attempters (45. CI:2.8-13); hig had a significa immolation gr education and Conclusion: T attempters by s the severity of p be considered f Conflicts of int Funding: None Cite this article Malakouti SK Aghakhani K. multisite study
Assessment of Heterotrophic Bacterial Count (HPC) Associated with Commercial Freezers in Yenagoa Metropolis

Microorganism are known to be present anywhere they can proliferate, its presence dictates it pathogenicity or otherwise. The study was embarked to assess the enteric bacterial quality and potential risk of water at the bottom of selected commercial freezers in Yenagoa metropolis. Serial dilution was adopted for the assessment of Heterotrophic bacterial count (HPC). From the analysis, bacterial count ranged between 1.083±0.104×107cfu/mL and 2.0 ± 0.358×107cfu/mL. the highest was in sample 4 (S4) and least in sample 10 (S10), the study thus found the presence of heterotrophic bacteria in all samples. This research reveals that freezers S5, S3, S4 and S8 were seriously contaminated, having mean viable bacterial load of 2.47×107cfu/mL, 2.18×107cfu/mL, 2.00×107 cfu/mL and 2.00×107 cfu/mL, respectively; while freezer S1, S2, S6, S7, S9 and S10 had variably viable bacteria count, the occurrence of heterotrophic bacteria count (HPC) between sampled freezers was statistically very significant (P0.05, 0.01). Bacteria cells using morphological and biochemical characterization identified in the study include Escherichia coli (29.4%), which was the most frequently occurring organism, followed by Citrobacter spp (14.7%), Klebsella pneumonia (14.7%), Shigella spp (11.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.8%), Yersinia spp (8.8%) and Campylobacter jejuni (8.8%). E coli were the most frequently isolated bacteria. E. coli and other Eneteric bacteria isolated from freezers are an indication that food items and water stored in these freezers are not safe from public health stand point. Susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics reveals 8(23.5%) were resistant and 26 (76.5%) were susceptible out of 34 cells identified. High resistance was seen in Klebsiella spp which had 2 (60%) and 100% susceptibility was seen among Citrobacter spp and Yersinia spp, on the other hand other isolate had varying drug resistant patterns. The importance of temperature control and regular efficient cleaning regimes need to be communicated to the public so that, effectual management and cleaning of freezers makes frozen food reliable and less likely to act as significant sources of human food and water borne diseases.
An Empirical Analysis on the Relation between Executive Compensations and Financing Decisions

This paper examines the incentive effects of executive compensations on the influences of financing decisions. This study discusses the managerial financing decision under the risk-taking. The result finds that holding executive stock options makes managers change their financing decisions and has effects on the debt ratio and the market leverage. Under the risk-taking, the results also find that the managers issue equity to substitute for debt in the short-term. More importantly, the findings support the managerial risk-taking hypothesis, and are contrary to managerial risk-aversion hypothesis. Key-Words: Executive compensation, Financing decision, Risk-taking, Debt ratio, Market leverage
The Effect of Glucomannan Inclusion Derived from Porang Tuber Extract (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) on Dietary Protein Utilization in Broiler Chicken

Khanifah, Suthama N, Wahyuni HI. 2018. The effect of glucomannan inclusion derived from porang tuber extract (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) on dietary protein utilization in broiler chicken. JITV 23(2): 77-81. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.14334/jitv.v23i2. 1834 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of glucomannan inclusion derived from porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) tuber extract (GPTE) on production performance of broiler chicken. A total of 160 one day old of New Lohmann broiler chickens with an average initial body weight of 42.08±0.86g were used in this study. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications (8 birds each). The treatments applied were T0 = basal ration, T1 = T0 + 0.05% GPTE, T2 = T0 + 0.10% GPTE, T3 = T0 + 0.15% GPTE and T4 = T0 + 0.20% GPTE. The parameters observed were protein digestibility, nitrogen retention, meat calcium and protein mass. The results showed that dietary addition of GPTE significantly (P<0.05) increased the coefficient of protein digestibility, meat calcium and protein mass, but had no effect on nitrogen retention. The highest protein digestibility and meat calcium mass were shown in T4, but they were not significantly different from those in T3, and T2 for protein digestibility. While the highest meat protein mass was in T2 but it was not different with than in T3 and T4. The conclusion of the study is that dietary supplementation of glucomannan derived from porang tuber extract in broiler up to 0.15% (T3) increases protein digestibility, meat calcium and protein mass, and daily weight gain with similar nitrogen retention.