Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and clinical features of body dysmorphic disorder in adolescent and adult psychiatric inpatients.

BACKGROUND The rate of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in inpatient psychiatric settings and the nature of the presenting complaints are unknown. Because of the shame and humiliation that BDD patients suffer, we hypothesized that, unless specifically screened for at the time of admission, BDD would be underdiagnosed in psychiatric inpatients. METHOD 101 consecutive adult patients and 21 consecutive adolescent patients presenting for psychiatric inpatient admission to a university teaching hospital participated in the study. Subjects completed the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire, a brief self-report measure that screens for BDD, and a follow-up interview was conducted using a reliable clinician-administered semistructured diagnostic instrument for DSM-IV BDD. Data concerning current diagnoses, number of hospitalizations, number of suicide attempts, and current level of functioning were also obtained. RESULTS Sixteen (13.1%) of the 122 subjects were diagnosed with BDD. None of the subjects with BDD had been diagnosed with BDD by their treating physician during hospitalization. All 16 subjects reported that they would not raise the issue with their physician unless specifically asked due to feelings of shame. CONCLUSION These preliminary results suggest that BDD, an underrecognized and often severe psychiatric disorder, may be relatively common in the psychiatric inpatient setting. It is important that clinicians specifically inquire about BDD because patients will not voluntarily raise these concerns. The comorbidity of this disorder with other psychiatric illnesses may have treatment implications.
The Credibility of Central Bank Announcements

In this paper, we present a monetary policy game in which the central bank has a private forecast of supply and demand shocks. The public needs to form its inflationary expectations and can make use of central bank announcements. However, because of the credibility problem that the central bank faces, the public will not believe a precise announcement. By extending the arrangement proposed by Garfinkel and Oh (1995) to a model that includes private information about both demand and supply shocks, we investigate the feasibility of making imprecise credible announcements concerning the rate of inflation.
Application of Fuzzy Inference Systems in the Transmission of Wireless Sensor Networks

The purpose of this paper is to apply fuzzy logic techniques for determining the data transmission path in wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks are used in many applications and require efficient operation with speedy transmission of information and long lifespan. For suitable sensor transmission, a fuzzy system is defined considering as the goal to minimize the information transmission distance and maximize the battery lifespan of the network routers. Case studies simulations were carried out and the results indicate satisfactory performance of the method.
An optimal replenishment policy for EOQ models with time-varying demand and shortages

While considering time dependent demand rate, most of the researchers developed their inventory models considering time dependent linear demand rate. Some models have been developed also by considering time dependent quadratic demand because by considering quadratic demand increasing, decreasing or constant all types of situations can be explained and hence it is more realistic than that of linear demand rate. But in the present paper, we have developed an EOQ model to describe an optimal replenishment policy with shortages and general time-varying demand instead of time dependent linear or time dependent quadratic demand. The successive replenishment cycle lengths are assumed to be reduced in arithmetic progression. The model is extended to the no shortage case also. The model is solved analytically to obtain the optimal solution of the problem. It is then illustrated with the help of numerical examples. The sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution towards changes in the values of different system parameters is also studied.
Ascorbic Acid Inhibition of Candida albicans Hsp90-Mediated Morphogenesis Occurs via the Transcriptional Regulator Upc2

ABSTRACT Morphogenetic transitions of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans are influenced by temperature changes, with induction of filamentation upon a shift from 30 to 37°C. Hsp90 was identified as a major repressor of an elongated cell morphology at low temperatures, as treatment with specific inhibitors of Hsp90 results in elongated growth forms at 30°C. Elongated growth resulting from a compromised Hsp90 is considered neither hyphal nor pseudohyphal growth. It has been reported that ascorbic acid (vitamin C) interferes with the yeast-to-hypha transition in C. albicans. In the present study, we show that ascorbic acid also antagonizes the morphogenetic change caused by hampered Hsp90 function. Further analysis revealed that Upc2, a transcriptional regulator of genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis, and Erg11, the target of azole antifungals, whose expression is in turn regulated by Upc2, are required for this antagonism. Ergosterol levels correlate with elongated growth and are reduced in cells treated with the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GdA) and restored by cotreatment with ascorbic acid. In addition, we show that Upc2 appears to be required for ascorbic acid-mediated inhibition of the antifungal activity of fluconazole. These results identify Upc2 as a major regulator of ascorbic acid-induced effects in C. albicans and suggest an association between ergosterol content and elongated growth upon Hsp90 compromise.
Top management retention in cross-border acquisitions: the roles of financial incentives, acquirer’s commitment and autonomy

Using data from a sample of Cross-Border Acquisitions (CBAs) made by UK firms, the present paper investigates the determinants of top management retention in CBAs. Applying both the theory of relative standing and the financial incentive mechanism of retention, we find that post-acquisition autonomy of the acquired firm and the acquirer’s commitment to the acquired organisation significantly affect top management retention. By contrast, and contrary to conventional wisdom, when interacting with other variables financial incentives may have a negative effect on top management retention. The managerial implications of the findings and directions for future research are also discussed.
Asset Writedowns: Managerial Incentives and Security Returns

OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS, American corporations have taken aftertax writeoffs of over $10 billion dollars from discontinued operations and reductions in the book value of assets. During 1985 alone, over $5.6 billion in writedowns were recorded. If the sheer size of this restructuring is stunning, so too is the speed at which this practice has grown. According to COMPUSTAT data, aggregate writeoffs for all corporations totaled only $400 million in 1980.1 This practice of writing down assets has been widely heralded by the financial media. However, with the exception of a few papers on the effects of spinoffs and divestitures,2 there has been little research on the writedown decision and its effect on security values. This paper is divided into six sections. The first section describes how the substantial flexibility accorded by current accounting standards shapes managerial incentives to concentrate writeoffs and establish large reserves with probability of subsequent reversal. The second section discusses capital budgeting aspects of asset writedowns. To understand how the operating and financial environment influences the writedown decision, the third section analyzes the ex ante financial performance (relative to their respective industries) of a sample of 120 firms which announced writedowns between 1981 and 1985. Part four employs multiple discriminant analysis using a paired case control sample to study the determinants of writedowns. The fifth section uses event study methodology to analyze the effects of 78 writedown announcements on shareholder wealth. In addition, effects on the value of senior securities are examined. The final section summarizes the findings.
Apicoplast fatty acid synthesis is essential for organelle biogenesis and parasite survival in Toxoplasma gondii

Apicomplexan parasites are the cause of numerous important human diseases including malaria and AIDS-associated opportunistic infections. Drug treatment for these diseases is not satisfactory and is threatened by resistance. The discovery of the apicoplast, a chloroplast-like organelle, presents drug targets unique to these parasites. The apicoplast-localized fatty acid synthesis (FAS II) pathway, a metabolic process fundamentally divergent from the analogous FAS I pathway in humans, represents one such target. However, the specific biological roles of apicoplast FAS II remain elusive. Furthermore, the parasite genome encodes additional and potentially redundant pathways for the synthesis of fatty acids. We have constructed a conditional null mutant of acyl carrier protein, a central component of the FAS II pathway in Toxoplasma gondii. Loss of FAS II severely compromises parasite growth in culture. We show FAS II to be required for the activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, an important source of the metabolic precursor acetyl-CoA. Interestingly, acyl carrier protein knockout also leads to defects in apicoplast biogenesis and a consequent loss of the organelle. Most importantly, in vivo knockdown of apicoplast FAS II in a mouse model results in cure from a lethal challenge infection. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a direct link between apicoplast FAS II functions and parasite survival and pathogenesis. Our genetic model also offers a platform to dissect the integration of the apicoplast into parasite metabolism, especially its postulated interaction with the mitochondrion.
Politics, Pragmatism, and Departures from the U.S. Courts of Appeals, 1954-2004

This article uses Cox proportional hazards models to explain departures from the U.S. Courts of Appeals from 1954-2004. I argue that reforms to pension eligibility and financial incentives in 1984 extended opportunities for voluntary departures and strategic behavior, and that reasons for quitting (whether political, personal, or institutional) differed among types of departures and over time. Copyright (c) 2009 by the Southwestern Social Science Association.
The CCPN data model for NMR spectroscopy: Development of a software pipeline

To address data management and data exchange problems in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) community, the Collaborative Computing Project for the NMR community (CCPN) created a “Data Model” that describes all the different types of information needed in an NMR structural study, from molecular structure and NMR parameters to coordinates. This paper describes the development of a set of software applications that use the Data Model and its associated libraries, thus validating the approach. These applications are freely available and provide a pipeline for high‐throughput analysis of NMR data. Three programs work directly with the Data Model: CcpNmr Analysis, an entirely new analysis and interactive display program, the CcpNmr FormatConverter, which allows transfer of data from programs commonly used in NMR to and from the Data Model, and the CLOUDS software for automated structure calculation and assignment (Carnegie Mellon University), which was rewritten to interact directly with the Data Model. The ARIA 2.0 software for structure calculation (Institut Pasteur) and the QUEEN program for validation of restraints (University of Nijmegen) were extended to provide conversion of their data to the Data Model. During these developments the Data Model has been thoroughly tested and used, demonstrating that applications can successfully exchange data via the Data Model. The software architecture developed by CCPN is now ready for new developments, such as integration with additional software applications and extensions of the Data Model into other areas of research. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do Adult Medicaid Enrollees Prefer Going to Their Primary Care Provider’s Clinic Rather Than Emergency Department (ED) for Low Acuity Conditions?

Background:The rates of annual visits for adult Medicaid enrollees to the emergency department (ED) are increasing. Many programs throughout the country are focused on engaging patients in the use of their primary care providers (PCP) rather than the ED for low acuity conditions. It is unclear, however, the proportion of patients who are willing to use primary care services rather than the ED if they are given the choice. Methods:Cross-sectional study of adult Medicaid enrollees (18 y and older) presenting to a large, urban, academic ED from June to August 2012 with a low acuity condition was performed. We excluded patients who did not have a PCP or active Medicaid insurance. Our primary goal was to determine the proportion of patients who prefer to use the ED, rather than their PCP clinic, if an appointment was immediately available. Our second goal was to understand why patients would prefer ED over PCP care. Results:A total of 150 patients agreed to complete the survey, and 95 (63.3%) met our inclusion criteria. Forty-three patients (45.3%) stated preferring to use their PCPs rather than the ED if an appointment was available at that time. Thirteen (48.1%) cited that the ED had more technology or specialty care services available when compared with their PCP’s clinic, 8 (15.4%) were in significant pain, and 6 (11.5%) felt the care they received in the ED was better than what they would receive in their PCP clinic. Conclusions:Our study shows that a little less than half of adult Medicaid enrollees presenting to the ED with low acuity conditions would have preferred to use their PCP rather than the ED, if an appointment had been immediately available.
Designing Optimal Preannounced Markdowns in the Presence of Rational Customers with Multiunit Demands

We analyze the optimal design of a markdown pricing mechanism with preannounced prices. In the presence of limited supply, buyers who choose to purchase at a lower price may face a scarcity in supply. Our focus is on the structure of the optimal markdown mechanisms in the presence of rational or strategic buyers who demand multiple units. We first examine a complete information setting where the set of customer valuations is known but the seller does not know the valuation of each individual customer (i.e., cannot exercise perfect price discrimination). We then generalize our analysis to an incomplete valuation information setting where customer valuations are drawn from known distributions. For both settings, we compare the seller's profit resulting from the optimal markdown mechanism and the optimal single price. We provide a number of managerial insights into designing profitable markdown mechanisms.
Female Labor Force Participation: The Origin of Black and White Differences, 1870 and 1880

Although white women have only recently entered the work force, their black counterparts have participated throughout American history. Differences between their rates of participation have been recorded only for the post-1890 period and analyzed only for the post-1940 period due to a lack of available data. To remedy this deficiency my work explores female labor supply at the dawn of emanicipation, 1870 and 1880, in seven southern cities, using data drawn from the manuscripts of the population census. Probit regression techniques demonstrate that economic and demographic variables explain only part of the difference between black and white women and, as in the findings of contemporary research, race is shown to be an important factor. Several explanations are discussed, in particular one relying on socialization differences which are termed a “legacy of slavery. ”
Population Growth and Economic Development in Saudi Arabia

Population growth affects economic growth and performance if it affects the supply and demand for savings and the efficiency of capital. This concern was an element of the theory of the Malthusian diminishing return to labor as the stock of capital does not increase in the same proportion as does labor. Theoretical models and empirical studies yield ambiguous predictions and mixed evidence concerning the impact of the increase in the percentage of population that is very young and very old, and the dependency ratio on saving rate. However, recent population research and studies advance the idea that population growth may stimulate innovation in technology and in turn enhance economic growth. These studies emphasize the fact that there has been enormous increase in knowledge which has been transformed into technology and ways of utilizing resources more efficiently. Estimates of the population in Saudi Arabia show rapid increase in population since early 1970's, which is due to increased fertility rate and a rise in life expectancy. Empirical results show that this rapid increase in population has negative impact on both savings and economic growth. It is important to find ways and policies that both reduce fertility and increase productivity of the population and enhance economic growth.
A Matter of Learning: How Human Resources Affect Organizational Performance

Recently, a number of studies have tried to examine the processes that explain the influence of high performance work systems (HPWS) on company performance, in an attempt to understand which variables mediate this relationship and to what extent they do so. The importance of the organizational learning capability (OLC) construct has traditionally been outlined as being essential for a company's survival and effective performance. Thus, it seems important to establish whether HPWS can be considered an antecedent of OLC, and consequently to confirm whether OLC acts as a mediating variable in the HPWS–company performance linkage. Bearing in mind that HPWS represent a ‘bundle’ of mutually reinforcing, overlapping and synergistic individual human resource practices, this positive connection between HPWS and OLC seems reasonable. We tested our hypotheses by applying a structural equation methodology to a sample of 163 Spanish companies. Our findings show that the effects of HPWS on organizational performance are mediated by OLC.
Adaptive Coordination of a Learning Team

Contemporary research on organizations has cast doubt on the extent to which organizations can be expected to adapt to their environments through rational, anticipatory action. Incremental experiential learning has been suggested as an alternative form of organizational intelligence, less demanding cognitively yet capable of considerable power. This paper examines such learning in the context of a model of a team involving two learning members, each of whom modifies beliefs about the other on the basis of experience, and an adaptive coordinator who adjusts a coordination control variable. It is shown that although learning is a powerful mechanism for improving organizational performance, it can often be confounded by the effects of attributional biases on the part of members, by the interactions of simultaneous learning by the members and the coordinator, and by errors in perceiving or interpreting experience. These complications lead to consideration of possible heuristics to overcome such learning liabilities. It is suggested that the effectiveness of incremental learning can often be improved by slowing the rate of learning and adaptation, by reducing the simultaneity of behavioral changes, and by scaling the size of the changes.
Social capital and new business start-ups: the moderating effect of human capital

This paper adds to the literature on social capital and entrepreneurship. Along with human capital, social capital is perceived as resources that trigger and drive the entrepreneurial process. The network success hypothesis articulates social capital as a driver of entrepreneurial success, while the compensation hypothesis states that social capital compensates entrepreneurs for lack of human capital or financial capital. In this study the compensation hypothesis is tested by hypothesising moderating effects of human capital on the association between social capital and entrepreneurial activity. The results from logistic regression analysis applied on a sample of 712 Norwegian farm households show that farming experience and partly education diminish the positive associations found between social capital variables and entrepreneurial activity. Former start-up experience did not show significant moderating effects.
From ‘collapse’ to urban diaspora: the transformation of low-density, dispersed agrarian urbanism

Abstract In the tropical regions of southern Asia, Southeast Asia and the southern Maya lowlands, the management of water was crucial to the maintenance of political power and the distribution of communities in the landscape. Between the ninth and sixteenth centuries AD, however, this diverse range of medieval socio-political systems were destabilised by climatic change. Comparative study reveals that despite their diversity, the outcome for each society was the same: the breakdown of low-density urban centres in favour of compact communities in peripheral regions. The result of this, an ‘urban diaspora’, highlights the relationship between the control of water and power, but also reveals that the collapse of urban centres was a political phenomenon with society-wide repercussions.
Analyzing the Behavioral Trends in Tourist Arrivals from Japan to Australia

As tourism forecasts are obtained based on past observations, an historical analysis of Japan’s postwar economic success, social factors, and the national government’s institutional policies and reforms can help to provide a better understanding of the growth in Japanese outbound travel and the trending patterns in Japanese tourist arrivals to Australia. To achieve these aims, a statistical analysis of the time series behavior of tourism demand, specifically quarterly tourist arrivals from Japan to Australia from 1976 to 2000, are examined. In addition to analyzing the full sample, the authors also consider three subsamples, namely quarter 1 of 1976 to quarter 2 of 1987, quarter 3 of 1987 to quarter 2 of 1997, and quarter 3 of 1997 to quarter 2 of 2000, to evaluate the sensitivity of the estimates to changes in trends arising from the 1987 stock market crash and the Asian economic and financial crises in 1997. Autoregressive moving average time series models are estimated to analyze alternative patterns of trending behavior within this class of models.
Fiscal Effects of Aid

It is clear from the implications of growth theory that the impact of aid depends on how it affects savings, investment and government behaviour. In respect of low-income countries, which are the principal aid recipients and the economies for which the issue of the impact of aid on growth is most important, it is government that is most important. This paper presents a review of studies that address the impact of aid on government fiscal behaviour. In particular, the focus is on fungibility and fiscal response studies. [Discussion Paper No. 2001/61]
Order Preferencing and Market Quality on U.S. Equity Exchanges

We present a detailed view of market quality in the presence of preferencing arrangements. A unique dataset provides the opportunity to measure trading costs of marketable orders and fill rates and ex post costs of limit orders across trading venues. For market orders, we find the primary exchange provides the lowest execution costs. However, the preferencing exchanges are no worse than, and in most cases better than, the nonpreferencing regional exchanges. For limit orders, the regionals execute limit orders more frequently than the primary market and with an ex post execution cost that is not very different from the primary market. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.