Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tectonic evolution of the northeastern Pamir: Constraints from the northern portion of the Cenozoic Kongur Shan extensional system, western China

The late Cenozoic Kongur Shan extensional system lies along the northeastern margin of the Pamir at the western end of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen, accommodating east-west extension in the Pamir. At the northern end of the extensional system, the Kongur Shan normal fault juxtaposes medium- to high-grade metamorphic rocks in both its hanging wall and footwall, which record several Mesozoic to Cenozoic tectonic events. Schists within the hanging wall preserve a Buchan metamorphic sequence, dated as Late Triassic to Early Jurassic (230–200 Ma) from monazite inclusions in garnet. Metamorphic ages overlap with U-Pb zircon ages from local granite bodies and are interpreted to be the result of regional arc magmatism created by subduction of the Paleo-Tethys ocean. The northern portion of the footwall of the extensional system exposes an upper-amphibolite-facies unit (~650 °C, 8 kbar), which structurally overlies a lowgrade metagraywacke unit. The high-grade unit records late Early Cretaceous crustal thickening at ca. 125–110 Ma, followed by emplacement over the low-grade metagraywacke along a north-northeast–directed thrust prior to ca. 100 Ma. Together these results indicate signifi cant middle Cretaceous crustal thickening and shortening in the northern Pamir prior to the Indo-Asian collision. A third Late Miocene (ca. 9 Ma) amphibolite-facies metamorphic event (~650–700 °C, 8 kbar) is recorded in footwall gneisses of the Kongur Shan massif. North of the Kongur Shan massif, rapid cooling in the footwall beginning at 7–8 Ma is interpreted to date the initiation of exhumation along the Kongur Shan normal fault. A minimum of 34 km of east-west extension is inferred along the Kongur Shan massif based on the magnitude of exhumation since the Late Miocene (~29 km) and the present dip of the Kongur Shan normal fault (~40°). Field observations and interpretation of satellite images along the southernmost segment of the Kongur Shan extensional system indicate that the magnitude of late Cenozoic east-west extension decreases signifi cantly toward the south. This observation is inconsistent with models in which east-west extension in the Pamir is driven by northward propagation of the right-slip Karakoram fault, suggesting instead that extension is driven by vertical extrusion due to topographic collapse, radial thrusting along the Main Pamir Thrust, or oroclinal bending of the entire Pamir region.
The Effectiveness of Graphic Organizers for Three Classifications of Secondary Students in Content Area Classes

The purpose of the Interventions section of the journal is to provide professional practitioners with overviews of successful interventions that can be replicated with individuals with learning disabilities. These interventions can be either physiological or psychoeducational and can occur in school settings, clinics, hospitals, homes, communities, or employment sites. The discussion of these interventions generally includes (a) the theory or rationale of the interventions, (b) previous research findings, (c) characteristics of the individuals receiving the interventions, (d) the intervention that was applied, and (e) the criteria used to evaluate its success. In the first article, Steven V. Horton, Thomas C. Lovitt, and Donna Bergerud of the University of Washington describe the effectiveness of graphic organizers. In the second article, Bernadette Kelly, Russell Gersten, and Douglas Carnine of the University of Oregon describe the importance of curriculum design in teaching fractions. It would appear that careful attention to the use of graphic organizers and a well-designed curriculum can be beneficial in helping students with learning disabilities learn in content area classes and in mathematics, respectively. —JLW Previous research concerning the graphic or visual display of information with academically handicapped students has not addressed the instructional conditions that exist in mainstream settings. This article investigates the effectiveness of graphic organizers for three classifications of secondary students enrolled in content area classes: students with learning disabilities, remedial students, and students in regular education. The results of three separate experiments indicated that graphic organizers, whether teacher-directed, student-directed with text references, or student-directed with clues, produced significantly higher performance than self-study for each group of students. Several practical issues involving the use of graphic organizers with heterogeneous groups of secondary students are discussed.
Chapter 1 The Resource-Constrained Multi-Mode Project Scheduling Problem

This chapter reports on a new solution approach for the multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem (MRCPSP, MPS|prec|Cmax). This problem type aims at the selection of a single activity mode from a set of available modes in order to construct a precedence and a (renewable and non-renewable) resource-feasible project schedule with a minimal makespan. The problem type is known to be N P-hard and has been solved using various exact as well as (meta-)heuristic procedures. The new algorithm splits the problem type into a mode assignment and a single mode project scheduling step. The mode assignment step is solved by a satisfiability (SAT) problem solver and returns a feasible mode selection to the project scheduling step. The project scheduling step is solved using an efficient meta-heuristic procedure from literature to solve the resourceconstrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP). However, unlike many traditional meta-heuristic methods in literature to solve the MRCPSP, the new approach executes these two steps in one run, relying on a single priority list. Straightforward adaptations to the pure SAT solver by using pseudo boolean non-renewable resource constraints has led to a high quality solution approach in a reasonable computational time. Computational results show that the procedure can report similar or sometimes even better solutions than found by other procedures in literature, although it often requires a higher CPU time. José Coelho Department of Sciences and Technology, Universidade Aberta, Rua da Escola Politécnica, 147, 1269-001, Lisbon (Portugal) e-mail: Jose.Coelho@uab.pt Mario Vanhoucke Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Tweekerkenstraat 2, 9000 Gent (Belgium) e-mail: mario.vanhoucke@ugent.be Technology and Operations Management Area, Vlerick Business School, Reep 1, 9000 Gent (Belgium) e-mail: mario.vanhoucke@vlerick.com Department of Management Science and Innovation, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT (United Kingdom) e-mail: m.vanhoucke@ucl.ac. uk
Influence of seed aerosol surface area and oxidation rate on vapor walldeposition and SOA mass yields: a case study with α -pineneozonolysis

Abstract. Laboratory chambers, invaluable in atmospheric chemistry and aerosol formation studies, are subject to particle and vapor wall deposition, processes that need to be accounted for in order to accurately determine secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass yields. Although particle wall deposition is reasonably well understood and usually accounted for, vapor wall deposition is less so. The effects of vapor wall deposition on SOA mass yields in chamber experiments can be constrained experimentally by increasing the seed aerosol surface area to promote the preferential condensation of SOA-forming vapors onto seed aerosol. Here, we study the influence of seed aerosol surface area and oxidation rate on SOA formation in α-pinene ozonolysis. The observations are analyzed using a coupled vapor–particle dynamics model to interpret the roles of gas–particle partitioning (quasi-equilibrium vs. kinetically limited SOA growth) and α-pinene oxidation rate in influencing vapor wall deposition. We find that the SOA growth rate and mass yields are independent of seed surface area within the range of seed surface area concentrations used in this study. This behavior arises when the condensation of SOA-forming vapors is dominated by quasi-equilibrium growth. Faster α-pinene oxidation rates and higher SOA mass yields are observed at increasing O3 concentrations for the same initial α-pinene concentration. When the α-pinene oxidation rate increases relative to vapor wall deposition, rapidly produced SOA-forming oxidation products condense more readily onto seed aerosol particles, resulting in higher SOA mass yields. Our results indicate that the extent to which vapor wall deposition affects SOA mass yields depends on the particular volatility organic compound system and can be mitigated through the use of excess oxidant concentrations.
The effects of nursing preceptorship on new nurses’ competence, professional socialization, job satisfaction and retention: A systematic review

AIMS The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nursing preceptorship on the competence, job satisfaction, professional socialization and retention of new nurses. BACKGROUND Although studies have focused on the effects of nursing preceptorship on new nurses' competence and retention, a systematic review of the overall effects is lacking. DESIGN A quantitative systematic review. DATA SOURCES Five English/Chinese databases were searched for original articles published before June 2015 and only six articles published between 2001-2014 were included in the final analysis. REVIEW METHODS Joanna Briggs Methodology was used to process one randomization control trial, one quasi-experimental study and four observational studies. Two appraisers independently reviewed each study using the standardized critical appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute. RESULTS The most adopted preceptorship was a fixed preceptor/preceptee model and one-on-one for 1-3-month duration. It showed that new nurses' overall competence increased significantly due to preceptorship. Only a few studies explored the effects of preceptorship on the job satisfaction and professional socialization of new nurses. Clear conclusions regarding the effect of preceptorship on nurses' retention rate could not be made because of inconsistent time points for calculation and a lack of control groups in the study design. CONCLUSIONS Preceptorship can improve new nurses' nursing competence; however, more studies are needed to ascertain its effects on new nurses' retention rates, job satisfaction and professional socialization to promote nursing care quality and resolve nursing shortages.
Transcription of ribosomal genes during a nutritional shift-up of Escherichia coli

We measured the differential transcription rates of individual ribosomal operons after a nutritional shift-up. All operons showed a transient increase in transcription. However, the response of the S10 ribosomal protein operon was much stronger than that of any other operon. We propose that only the S10 operon is autogenously regulated by a transcription attenuation mechanism.
Training pediatric residents to prevent tobacco use.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness and acceptability of incorporating the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Guide to Preventing Tobacco Use During Childhood and Adolescence into pediatric training. DESIGN Preintervention and postintervention self-reported surveys for residents receiving training and postintervention baseline surveys for those residents not receiving training. Measures include: (1) a self-reported knowledge, attitude, and behavior survey of residents; and (2) physician behavior reports from parent exit interviews. SETTING A hospital-based pediatric residency program and continuity clinic. SUBJECTS Pediatric residents and parents of pediatric patients seen for well child examinations. INTERVENTIONS Structured NCI smoking cessation curriculum modified for delivery during scheduled teaching activities. RESULTS The NCI training was acceptable and perceived as important by residents. Many did not recall receiving the materials or training. Trained residents who remembered the intervention improved their smoking cessation counseling effectiveness. Most patients' parents think it appropriate for physicians to ask; however, most reported not having been asked about smoking or environmental smoke exposure. CONCLUSIONS For residents to learn effective prevention counseling strategies, systematic, reinforced preventive educational curricula must become an institutionalized part of residency training.
Pentoxifylline attenuates the depressed endothelial cell function and vascular muscle contractility following trauma and hemorrhagic shock.

Although pentoxifylline (PTX) produces various beneficial effects following adverse circulatory conditions, it is not known whether this agent attenuates the depressed vascular endothelial cell function [i.e., the reduced release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO)] and smooth muscle contractility after trauma and hemorrhage. To study this, rats underwent a midline laparotomy (i.e., trauma induced) and were bled to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg until 40% of maximal shed volume was returned in the form of lactated Ringer's solution. The animals were then resuscitated with 4 times the volume of maximal bleedout with lactated Ringer's solution, following which PTX (50 mg/kg body weight), or an equivalent volume of normal saline, was infused intravenously over 95 minutes. At 1.5 hours after resuscitation, the aorta was isolated and studied in vitro. Norepinephrine-induced vascular contraction and dose responses for acetylcholine (ACh), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, were then determined. The results indicate that the decreased ACh-induced relaxation in hemorrhaged animals was restored with PTX treatment. Moreover, the increased ACh IC50 values (ACh concentration that causes half-maximum relaxation) after hemorrhage were reduced by PTX. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the relaxation induced by an endothelium-independent vasodilator, nitroglycerine, in the tested groups. Thus, PTX restores a hemorrhage-induced decrease in endothelium-derived nitricoxide production. In addition, the depressed smooth muscle contractile function was also attenuated by PTX treatment. Because PTX restored the depressed endothelial cell function and smooth muscle contractility, this agent appears to be a useful adjunct to fluid resuscitation for the management of trauma and hemorrhage.
Potentiation of the epileptogenic effect of penicillin G by marihuana smoking.

Marihuana smoking is known to produce many subtle neurological modifications in animal and man. We investigated the effects of subconvulsive doses of penicillin after acute or chronic marihuana smoking. Twenty-four mongrel dogs weighing from 15 to 25 kg received 4 mg morphine per kilogram, intramuscularly, and 750 000 IU sodium penicillin G per kilogram, intravenously. In acute experiments, the animals smoked eight cigarettes containing approximately 6 mg of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. In chronic experiments, they smoked four cigarettes per day for 10 weeks before being studied. Ten animals (five controls and five acute smokers) were observed visually while the electrocorticogram (ECoG) was recorded in the 14 others (five controls, five acute, four chronic). This last group received 20–30 mg succinylcholine chloride as muscle relaxant. Penicillin had no effect either on the behaviour or on the ECoG in 9 of the 10 controls. On the other hand, 9 out of the 10 acute smokers showed modifications (coarse tremors .
Self-regulation, rumination, and vulnerability to depression in adolescent girls

There is increasing evidence that with the onset of adolescence, girls experience higher rates of depression than boys. However, a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors contributing to this emerging gender difference has yet to be attained. Previous studies indicate that both self-discrepancy, the perception that one is failing to attain an important personal goal, and ruminative coping, a tendency to passively and repetitively focus on one's failure and the causes and consequences of that failure, contribute to depression and that adolescent girls are more likely to manifest each than adolescent boys. In this translational study we tested the hypothesis that, whereas both actual:ideal discrepancy and ruminative coping style would independently predict depression in adolescent girls, the combination of high levels of actual:ideal discrepancy and ruminative coping would predict more severe depressive symptoms. Analyses of cross-sectional data in a sample of 223 girls ranging from 7th through 12th grades revealed a significant main effect for ruminative coping style and a trend for actual:ideal discrepancy, as well as the predicted interaction effect. We discuss the implications of this integrative psychosocial model for the etiology, treatment, and prevention of depression in adolescent girls.This work was funded by the following grants to A. A. Papadakis: the Duke University Women's Studies Program Ernestine Friedl Research Award, the Society for the Psychology of Women Hyde Graduate Student Research Grant, and the Duke University Graduate School Summer Research Fellowship; and grants to T. J. Strauman from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH59106, MH67447). Support was also provided by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (5-T32-HD007376) and the Duke University Initiative on Child and Family Health. We thank Ann Aspnes, Janina Brodsky, Kimberly Burdette, Tsu-Yin Chang, Lindsay Derman, Hillary Hays, Caitlin Hogan, Cara Kimberg, Patricia Kuo, Lori Kwapil, Ruby Lekwauwa, Megan McCrudden, Ellen McGinnis, Amy Noll McLean, Keri-Ann O'Leary, Rebecca Parrish, Dana Torpey, Emily Traupman, Carolyn Yarian, and Natalie Zervas for their invaluable assistance in conducting this study. We are grateful to the students, teachers, and administration of the schools and summer camp who generously participated in this research.
In reply.

In Reply: We appreciate Dr. Urato highlighting the uncertainty around the risk-benefit of antidepressant use in pregnancy, and we agree that prospective study of outcomes of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment in pregnancy is needed—with specific attention paid not only to medications, but also to the effective psychotherapies at the core of treatment recommendations for PTSD. Although we could not comprehensively adjust for serotoninaltering medications, several observations argue against the suggestion that increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth seen with PTSD may be attributed primarily to antidepressant use. First, in contrast to what we observed for active PTSD, an active diagnosis of depression was not independently associated with risk of preterm birth in our cohort; yet pharmacy data confirmed, as expected, antidepressant prescription was more common in the latter. If antidepressants were the basis for the PTSD–preterm association, we would reasonably expect to observe a similar or stronger (confounded) association between clinically diagnosed depression and preterm birth in our cohort. Second, although our pharmacy and pregnancy data did not permit the desired level of detail to adjust for dose or trimester-specific exposure to antidepressants, we performed several posthoc analyses to account for both broad and restrictive definitions of antidepressant exposure—eg, testing our model by adding a covariate for any prescription of antidepressants in the antenatal period and, at the other extreme, examining our adjusted model within only the subpopulation of women with numerous (six or more) antidepressant refills in the antenatal period to see whether the PTSD–preterm relationship persisted even within a universally medicated population. Throughout these sensitivity tests, we consistently found active PTSD’s association to be robust, with effect size remaining of similar magnitude (adjusted odds ratio 1.25–1.60). In reply to Ozdemir et al’s concerns, highlighting the overlap of deployment traumatic brain injury and postdeployment PTSD, it should be clarified that both the majority of our cohort (69%) and the majority of our active PTSD cases (55%) were among nondeployed veterans. Further, we tested restricting our analysis to the subpopulation of nondeployed veterans and found that the association of PTSD and preterm birth remained similar and robust, making it implausible that deployment-specific risks explain the association.
The hyo-laryngeal complex of Tarsius bancanus (Mammalia, Primates): a developmental and phylogenetic aspect.

The present approach reconstructed the hyo-laryngeal complex of fetal Tarsius bancanus by using the AMIRA 3.1. 1 software. Our work fills a gap of ontogenetic research as this region has only been superficially described for an adult specimen representing the same genus. Furthermore, based on 51 characters we conducted several cladistic analyses considering the "Prosimii"/Haplorrhini-debate. Some anatomical information has been taken from the literature. MacClade 4.06 was used in order to measure TL-, CI-, and RC-values of these two competing hypotheses, however, resulting in equal support. A PAUP 4.02b parsimony analysis based on the Haplorrhini-hypothesis showed a significant bootstrap-value: the Pan and Alouatta-clade was supported with 90 % in spite of the highly derived morphology of the howler monkey. This fact reflects the importance of fetal data for systematic research. The study might serve as a morphological basement for further experimental studies of vocal communication.
Successful motor mapping with transcranial magnetic stimulation in an infant: A case report

Accurate assessment of motor function is critical, particularly in the context of presurgical functional mapping. There are a few noninvasive tools available for preoperative motor mapping in older children and adults undergoing surgery for brain tumor or refractory epilepsy including fMRI, magnetoencephalography (MEG), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). 1,2 However, assessing motor function is challenging in very young children. Direct cortical stimulation, a standard procedure in adults, is associated with a high incidence of intraoperative seizures, and is often unsuccessful in young children.3,4 Alternately, noninvasive motor mapping using MEG and fMRI attempted during sleep or under sedation primarily localize the somatosensory cortex from which the location of motor cortex is inferred.5,6 Furthermore, these methods have a low success rate (∼25%) and have risks associated with sedation.6 However, TMS has the advantage of mapping the motor cortex directly without requiring sedation. We have previously reported on successful mapping of the motor cortex in young children aged between 17 and 35 months.7 Here we describe a case of an 11-month-old infant who is, to our knowledge, the youngest person to undergo successful presurgical motor mapping with TMS.