Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Cohesion and Counter-Terrorism: A Policy Contradiction?

This book examines the intersection between the Prevent strand of the UK’s counter-terrorism strategy and the Community Cohesion policies that had emerged after civil disturbances in several northern towns including Burnley and Oldham in 2001. The discourses surrounding these two policies are contextualised with reference to British race relations and immigration policies in the postwar period. Based on interviews with senior management, operational staff and local councillors responsible for the management and implementation of community cohesion and counter-terrorism policies in West Yorkshire, the authors address and add to understanding of many issues of interest to urban studies and related disciplines.
Use of the HPV MLPA assay in cervical cytology for the prediction of high grade lesions

Current screening methods for uterine cervical cancer such as Papanicolaou smears and/or high risk human Papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) detection have a high negative predictive value but a low positive predictive value for the presence of high grade cervical lesions. Therefore, new parameters are needed to reduce the rate of unnecessary referrals for colposcopy. The predictive value of the HPV multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay, which can assess simultaneously HPV16/18 viral load and viral integration, was evaluated. The assay was applied to 170 cervical cytological samples, and the results were correlated with the matching histological follow‐up. The GP5+/6+ assay and qPCR were used as a control for HR‐HPV typing. The MLPA assay classified a higher percentage of cases as high‐risk (high‐viral load and/or viral integration) with higher grades of dysplasia. There was a high correlation between the HPV MLPA assay and qPCR for viral load and HPV genotyping, and between the MLPA assay and the GP5+/6+ assay for HPV genotyping. The sensitivity and specificity of the HPV MLPA assay for the detection of high‐grade lesions were 44% and 93%, respectively. This study demonstrates that the HPV MLPA assay can reliably detect HPV 16/18, viral load, and viral integration in cytological samples. Also, high‐risk classification correlated well with the presence of high‐grade dysplasia. However, for the implementation of the MLPA assay into clinical practice, additional HR‐HPV types need to be included to increase the sensitivity of the assay, and thereby increase its negative predictive value. J. Med. Virol. 85:1386–1393, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Probabilistic Error Analysis of Approximate Recursive Multipliers

Approximate multipliers are gaining importance in energy-efficient computing and require careful error analysis. In this paper, we present the error probability analysis for recursive approximate multipliers with approximate partial products. Since these multipliers are constructed from smaller approximate multiplier building blocks, we propose to derive the error probability in an arbitrary bit-width multiplier from the probabilistic model of the basic building block and the probability distributions of inputs. The analysis is based on common features of recursive multipliers identified by carefully studying the behavioral model of state-of-the-art designs. By building further upon the analysis, Probability Mass Function (PMF) of error is computed by individually considering all possible error cases and their inter-dependencies. We further discuss the generalizations for approximate adder trees, signed multipliers, squarers and constant multipliers. The proposed analysis is validated by applying it to several state-of-the-art approximate multipliers and comparing with corresponding simulation results. The results show that the proposed analysis serves as an effective tool for predicting, evaluating and comparing the accuracy of various multipliers. Results show that for the majority of the recursive multipliers, we get accurate error performance evaluation. We also predict the multipliers’ performance in an image processing application to demonstrate its practical significance.
Long‐term survival of patients with mismatch repair protein‐deficient, high‐stage ovarian clear cell carcinoma

Gynaecological cancer patients with germline mutations appear to have a better prognosis than those with sporadic malignancies. Following the observation of long‐term survival in a patient with stage III ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and possible Lynch syndrome (LS), DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein immunohistochemistry was performed in a series of high‐stage CCC and correlated with patient outcomes.
Development of clinical priority access criteria for assisted reproduction and its evaluation on 1386 infertile couples in New Zealand.

BACKGROUND In New Zealand ranking patients for elective, publicly funded procedures uses clinical priority access criteria (CPAC). A CPAC to prioritize patients seeking assisted reproductive technology (ART) was developed in 1997 and implemented nationwide in 2000. This study describes the development of the ART CPAC tool and its evaluation on 1386 couples referred to a single tertiary service from 1998 to 2005. METHODS A total of 48 health professionals and consumers assisted in criteria development. A score between 0 and 100 points was calculated for each couple and those who reached ≥65 points were eligible for publicly funded ART. Couples beneath the treatment threshold were placed on active review; the review being the date the score was calculated to reach the treatment threshold. Couples who would never be eligible or who were on active review were offered private treatment. Treatments and outcomes (spontaneous and treatment dependent live birth pregnancies) were used to evaluate the criteria. RESULTS Three social criteria (duration infertility, number of children and sterilization status) and two objective criteria (diagnosis and female age) formed the priority score. Of the evaluated couples, 643 (46%) were eligible within 1 year of referral (Group 1), 451 (33%) >1-5 years from referral (Group 2) and 292 (21%) couples were never eligible (Group 3). The predominant ART was IVF. A total of 480 couples had at least one IVF treatment with 404 (84%) having publicly funded treatment. A total of 762 (55%) women gave birth, 473 from treatment and 289 spontaneously. Group 1 had more pregnancies from treatment while Group 2 had most pregnancies overall being mainly from spontaneous pregnancies. Compared with Group 3 cases the hazard ratio using time to spontaneous live birth pregnancy for Group 1 couples was significantly lower, 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.36-0.74) and for Group 2 cases significantly higher, 1.86, (1.35-2.58). Treatments using ART were evaluated for the three eligibility groups, with the never eligible divided into women age <40 (Group 3a) and woman age ≥40 at referral (Group 3b). Compared with Group 1 cases the hazard ratio to treatment dependent live birth pregnancy was similar for Groups 2 and 3a but significantly lower for Group 3b (0.37, 0.14-0.90). CONCLUSIONS The clinical priority access score was able to discriminate between the chance of pregnancy with and without treatment and those offered and not offered treatment. The CPAC is a useful model for informing the allocation of public funding for ART in other countries.
Maternal and paternal risk factors for anorectal malformations: a Dutch case-control study.

BACKGROUND Anorectal malformations (ARM) are major congenital malformations that usually require a multitude of surgical procedures at a very early age and have a large impact on the lives of patients and their parents. The causes of ARM are still largely unknown, but they are assumed to have a multifactorial etiology. A few studies focused on environmental risk factors, but evidence is still scarce. METHODS In this Dutch case-control study (1996-2008), we investigated the role of maternal and paternal risk factors in the etiology of ARM. Parents of 85 ARM cases and 650 controls filled in a questionnaire. Controls were children treated with ear ventilation tubes. RESULTS A higher occurrence of fever during the first trimester of pregnancy was found for case mothers compared to control mothers (odds ratio [OR], 5.1; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.9, 28.1). Maternal occupational exposure to industrial cleaning agents and solvents increased the risk of ARM three times (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 0.9, 9.3). Overweight (Body Mass Index [BMI] > or = 25 kg/m(2)) before pregnancy also seemed to be associated with ARM (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1, 2.8), as well as maternal multivitamin use during pregnancy (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0, 2.7), paternal smoking (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1, 2.9), and paternal occupational exposure to exhaust fumes (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0, 3.6). Reported ARM in at least one first- or second-degree family member greatly increased the risk of having a child with an ARM (OR, 40.3; 95% CI, 4.8, 342.8). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed potential risk factors for ARM, including fever during pregnancy, maternal overweight, use of multivitamins, paternal smoking, and occupational exposures, but a familial component seems important as well.
Bortezomib and Dexamethasone in Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma Associated with Renal Failure and Reversal of Renal Failure

Multiple myeloma (MM) associated with renal failure carries a worse prognosis when compared with MM without renal failure. Bortezomib, a reversible proteosome inhibitor, is a new drug indicated for the treatment of refractory or relapsed myeloma. Published data on the use of bortezomib in patients with myeloma and renal failure are few. We report our experience with bortezomib and dexamethasone in 3 previously untreated and 1 relapsed patient with MM and renal failure. All patients achieved rapid improvement in their renal function as measured by serum creatinine levels with only 1–2 cycles of bortezomib (± dexamethasone), 3 of 4 patients had a near complete response and 1 patient had a partial response. The rapid reversal of renal dysfunction with bortezomib (± dexamethasone) treatment may be an effective strategy to prevent end stage renal failure in MM, thereby improving the morbidity and mortality in this otherwise poor prognosis subset of patients with myeloma.
Faculty intentions to use Web-enhanced instructional components

This study further validated the use of the technology acceptance model (TAM), as a helpful tool for understanding instructors intentions to use web-enhanced instruction. The TAM literature suggests perceptions of the usefulness and ease of use of a technology determine intended usage. Results of the study found instructor perceptions of the usefulness and ease of use of webenhanced instruction were related to intended usage. The TAM was also extended to include the instructors computer background and organizational support. Computer background was related to the instructors perceptions of the effectiveness of web-enhanced instruction. Management support was related to their perceptions of the ease of use, importance, and effectiveness of webenhanced instruction. Results from the research also determined the factor that was most likely to predict the acceptance of web-enhanced instruction was its usefulness and effectiveness.
The role of HRM practices in product development: Contextual ambidexterity in a US MNC’s subsidiary in India

Abstract Recent studies have started exploring the linkages between organisational ambidexterity (OA) and HRM practices. OA is noted as a critical resource in achieving product, process, and business model innovations. By adopting an inductive case study of a US MNC subsidiary in India, we found empowerment-focused HRM practices were being used for exploration of new ideas and efficiency-focused HRM practices were adopted for the exploitation of the organisation’s existing strengths. Empowerment-focused HRM practices created a culture of openness and risk-taking, which facilitated the creation of an ambidextrous context. Further, ambidextrous learning was moderated by the adoption of a managerial/leadership style that focused on ‘mirroring competencies’ between the parent operation and its subsidiary. HRM practices were aimed at developing behaviours that valued the team-based co-development of graphic processor designs by means of a ‘parallel processing’ approach to product development. Additionally, the HRM practice of offering intrinsic employee rewards and both informal and formal training facilitated OA in delivering product innovation. This study represents a pioneering exploration of multiple levels of analysis (individual, functional, and organisational) for product innovation through the lenses of ambidexterity, innovation, and HRM practices. The implications for both theory and practice are also discussed.
Cardiomyocyte enlargement, proliferation and maturation during chronic fetal anaemia in sheep

Chronic anaemia increases the workload of the growing fetal heart, leading to cardiac enlargement. To determine which cellular process increases cardiac mass, we measured cardiomyocyte sizes, binucleation as an index of terminal differentiation, and tissue volume fractions in hearts from control and anaemic fetal sheep. Fourteen chronically catheterized fetal sheep at 129 days gestation had blood withdrawn for 9 days to cause severe anaemia; 14 control fetuses were of similar age. At postmortem examination, hearts were either enzymatically dissociated or fixed for morphometric analysis. Daily isovolumetric haemorrhage reduced fetal haematocrit from a baseline value of 35% to 15% on the final day (P < 0.001). At the study conclusion, anaemic fetuses had lower arterial pressures than control fetuses (P < 0.05). Heart weights were increased by 39% in anaemic fetuses compared with control hearts (P < 0.0001), although the groups had similar body weights; the heart weight difference was not due to increased ventricular wall water content or disproportionate non‐myocyte tissue expansion. Cardiomyocytes from anaemic fetuses tended to be larger than those of control fetuses. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in the cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity. The degree of terminal differentiation was greater in the right ventricle of anaemic compared with control fetuses by ∼8% (P < 0.05). Anaemia substantially increased heart weight in fetal sheep. The volume proportions of connective and vascular tissue were unchanged. Cardiomyocyte mass expanded by a balanced combination of cellular enlargement, increased terminal differentiation and accelerated proliferation.
Sex-specific features of emphysema among current and former smokers with COPD

Recent studies suggest that males with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have more emphysema than females. It is not known if these differences persist across degrees of COPD severity. Our aim was to identify sex-specific differences in quantitative emphysema within COPD subgroups based on COPD severity. We included non-Hispanic white and African-American subjects from the COPDGene study with at least 10 pack-years of smoking and COPD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) spirometry grade II or greater. We examined sex-specific differences in log-transformed emphysema (log per cent low-attenuation area (%LAA)) by GOLD spirometry grade among subjects with early-onset COPD (<55 years old) and advanced emphysema (>25% emphysema). Compared with females, males had higher log %LAA: overall (1.97±1.4 versus 1.69±1.6, β=0.32 (0.04), p=1.34×10−14), and among non-Hispanic white (p=8.37×10−14) and African-American subjects (p=0.002). Females with early-onset COPD, severe emphysema and GOLD grade IV COPD had similar emphysema as males, but markedly fewer pack-years smoking (early-onset, p=0.01; severe emphysema and GOLD grade IV, p<0.001). This study identifies subsets of female smokers with COPD who are particularly susceptible to parenchymal destruction. In severe COPD subgroups, females have greater susceptibility to smoking-related parenchymal lung damage/emphysema http://ow.ly/Stqyz
Latent Classes of PTSD Symptoms in Vietnam Veterans

The authors examined heterogeneity in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom presentation among veterans (n = 335) participating in the clinical interview subsample of the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study. Latent class analysis was used to identify clinically homogeneous subgroups of Vietnam War combat veterans. Consistent with previous research, three classes emerged from the analysis, namely, veterans with no disturbance (61.4% of the cohort), intermediate disturbance (25.6%), and pervasive disturbance (12.5%). The authors also examined physical injury, war-zone stressor exposure, peritraumatic dissociation, and general dissociation as predictors of class membership. The findings are discussed in the context of recent conceptual frameworks that posit a range of posttraumatic outcomes and highlight the sizable segment of military veterans who suffer from intermediate (subclinical) PTSD symptoms.
Hyperoxia/normoxia-driven retinal angiogenesis in mice: a role for angiotensin II.

PURPOSE To examine a possible role for the angiotensin system in a rodent model of retinopathy of prematurity. METHODS A previously described model was used in which oxygen cycling (5 days hyperoxia and 5 days hypoxia) induced retinal alterations in newborn mice. An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (perindopril), or angiotensin receptor antagonists AT1 (losartan) or AT2 (PD123319) were administered subcutaneously for 5 days after the hyperoxia exposure. According to histologic methods, the endothelial cell count within the anterior part of the ganglion cell layer was used for the evaluation of the compound effect. RESULTS Histologic evaluation showed an increased number of endothelial cells in retinas of hypoxic pups compared with hyperoxic or normoxic pups. Hypoxic animals treated with perindopril (4 mg/kg) showed a significant decrease (29%, P < or = 0.001) in endothelial cell number (163 +/- 7) compared with hypoxic control animals (231 +/- 10). Losartan also decreased the endothelial cell number (14%, P < or = 0.05), whereas the AT2 antagonist had no effect. CONCLUSIONS The data showed a protective effect of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and of an AT1 receptor antagonist on hyperoxia- and normoxia-induced neovascularization in newborn mice. The results suggest a role for the angiotensin system in this model and that such compounds may be of interest in the prevention of proliferative retinopathies such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
TRP Channels, CCE, and the Pulmonary Vascular Smooth Muscle

Transient receptor potential (TRP) genes represent a novel class of genes that are generally believed to encode for nonselective cation channels. A subfamily of TRP channels, canonical TRP (TRPC), which are highly permeable to Ca2+ (and Na+), co‐assembles with each other to form functional store‐ and receptor‐operated Ca2+ channels. TRPC mRNA and protein have been identified in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells. The currents generated by Ca2+ influx through store‐ and receptor‐operated Ca2+ channels have also been extensively characterized in these cells. More recently, the attention has shifted to identify the TRP subunits that underlie the function of native channels in the pulmonary vasculature, with the understanding that TRP channels assemble as either homo‐or heterotetramers in vivo. This work in progress has yielded exciting information regarding the involvement of TRP channels in the control of smooth muscle contraction, and cell proliferation and migration. In this review, the authors focus on describing the function and transcriptional regulation of TRP proteins, and the store‐ and receptor‐operated Ca2+ channels for which they are responsible, in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC). They also identify some key TRP proteins whose role in the pulmonary vasculature has been established, as well as some more novel subunits whose role, although intriguing, can only be inferred from other vascular studies. Finally, they describe the involvement of TRP channels in regulating pulmonary vasoconstriction, PASMC proliferation, and pulmonary endothelial barrier function.
E-government and e-participation: City web sites ; the case of Croatia

Relying on the Kang and Gearhart study about the content-specific relationship between citizens' use of city web sites and civic engagement, this study examines the relationship between specific content categories on city Web sites and civic engagement in Croatia. Building upon Kang and Gearhart’s theoretical arguments about motivational communication theories, web site functions, and civic engagement in a new technology context (e.g., Coleman, Lieber, Mendelson, 2008 ; Jeffres and Lin, 2006 ; Norris, 2003), this study examined the role of the city web sites in e-participation by surveying citizen users of city web sites. A web based volunteer survey was conducted in 33 Croatian cities, with more than 600 citizens participating. Furthermore, building on Norris’s concept of democratic divide we have content analyzed the web sites of cities that participated in the online survey. The results of content analysis of the city web sites indicate that there is democratic divide (Norris, 2001) in Croatian local government. Secondly, the comparison of the findings obtained by the public opinion web based survey with the results of the content analysis study supports Scott’s (2006) findings about city web sites’ potential for citizens’ civic engagement. Thirdly, the results support Kang and Gearhart’s findings which exhibit a clear indication that city web sites can actively promote civic engagement among citizens. In other words, this study demonstrates that citizens are willing to engage online if the government provides them with an adequate platform.
L-arginine-induced conducted signals alter upstream arteriolar responsivity to L-arginine.

Our purpose was to determine whether L-arginine was involved in vascular communication between downstream and upstream locations within a defined microvascular region. Arteriolar diameter was measured for the branches along a transverse arteriole in the superfused cremaster of anesthetized (pentobarbital sodium, 70 mg/kg i.p.) hamsters (N = 53). The upstream branch arterioles dilated significantly to locally applied L-arginine (100 mumol/L pipette concentration) only if the downstream branches (approximately 1400 microns away) were preexposed. With exposure order downstream to upstream, diameter change was last branch, -3.8 +/- 1.5% (of baseline); third, +58.1 +/- 27%; first, +92 +/- 26% (n = 5); with exposure order upstream to downstream: first branch, -0.4 +/- 3%; third, +5 +/- 11%; last, -5.6 +/- 7.5% (n = 4). Thus, downstream preexposure to L-arginine altered the responsivity upstream to locally applied L-arginine. Downstream-applied L-arginine also induced a conducted vasodilation (+17.8 +/- 2.8%; n = 14) 1327 +/- 166 microns upstream. This response was completely blocked by simultaneous sucrose (600 mOsm), halothane (0.0345%), or N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 100 mumol/L) exposure to the feed vessel (second micropipette) midway between the downstream site of L-arginine exposure and the upstream observation site. An acetylcholine-induced conducted vasodilation (+18.1 +/- 2.6%, n = 8) was also completely blocked by sucrose, halothane, or L-NNA. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)