Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unrecognized Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever at Mosango Hospital during the 1995 Epidemic in Kikwit , Democratic Republic of the Congo

observed, X1 and X2, which differed by 5 to 6 bands. Furthermore, outbreak isolates X3 and X4 were closely related to X1, differing by four and three DNA fragments, respectively. Similar results were obtained after digestion with a second restriction endonuclease, SpeI (5'ACTAGT-3'; pattern designation S). Although fewer bands were seen compared to PFGE, ribotyping of these isolates using SpeI-digested genomic DNA largely confirmed the PFGE results in that the sporadic isolates gave unique profiles and only three closely related ribotype profiles were detected among the outbreak isolates. Two Malaysian isolates of S. paratyphi A included for comparison gave patterns very different from the Indian isolates by both PFGE (F = 0.44-0.65) and ribotyping. Also, it was determined that isolates A-117 (X1/S1) and A-123 (X2/S2) belonged to the index cases and that, as the outbreak progressed, other patterns (X3/S3 and X4/S4), which differed from the original patterns by one to four bands, appeared during weeks 2 to 3 of the outbreak. Notably, patterns X1 and X2 reappeared at the end of the outbreak. Although molecular analysis of S. typhi and S. paratyphi B by ribotyping (2,4) and PFGE (3) has been reported, to the best of our knowledge the present study is the first performed with S. paratyphi A. The data obtained agree with those observed for S. typhi (3) in that outbreak isolates are more clonal and limited in diversity, whereas sporadic isolates are more diverse genetically and belong to unrelated clones. According to the criteria of Tenover et al. (5), it seems likely that the present outbreak was associated with two distinct clones/strains of S. paratyphi A (X1/S1 and X2/S2) that are related (5) but have distinct PFGE profiles. This observation is perhaps not surprising given the fact that both clones are phage type 1 and that contaminated potable water was incriminated in the outbreak (1). The PFGE results were largely confirmed by ribotyping, although this technique appears to be slightly less sensitive and discriminating in that fewer bands were seen and the differences between outbreak isolates were much less obvious. We thus conclude that the outbreak in New Delhi, India, was caused by two related but distinct clones of S. paratyphi A. There also appears to be substantial genetic diversity among S. paratyphi A strains as the Malaysian isolates were very different from those from India. The data also suggested minor genetic changes among the S. paratyphi A isolates during the 2month outbreak. This observation agrees with the high mutation rates noted among pathogenic Salmonella spp. (6) and the plasticity of the genome of salmonellae associated with enteric fever (7). How these changes affected the biologic behavior of these isolates will be the subject of further study. Our study reaffirms the usefulness of PFGE and ribotyping in the molecular typing and discrimination of individual Salmonella isolates for epidemiologic investigations.
Randomization and heavy traffic theory : new approaches to the design and analysis of switch algorithms

This thesis addresses the design and analysis of implementable high-performance algorithms for high speed data networks, such as the Internet. Our focus is on designing scheduling algorithms for crossbar switches. We exhibit a natural tradeoff between implementational simplicity and goodness of performance for scheduling algorithms operating in very high speed switches. Our goal will be to resolve this tradeoff using novel design methods which involve randomization on the one hand; and to develop new methods to analyze the performance of these algorithms on the other. Along these lines, this thesis has two main parts. The first part is motivated by the following considerations. The scheduler of a high speed switch poses challenging problems to the algorithm designer. It needs to provide a good performance even though scheduling decisions need to be made in a very limited time and while utilizing meagre computational resources. To illustrate, a switch in the Internet core operates at a line rate of 10 Gbps. This implies that scheduling decisions need to be made roughly every 50 ns. Complicated algorithms cannot be designed to operate at this speed; only the simplest algorithms are implementable. But a simple algorithm may perform rather poorly, if it is not well-designed. We choose randomization as a central tool to design simple, high-performance switch schedulers. This choice affords us the ability to exploit several desirable features of randomized algorithms: simplicity, good performance, robustness, and the possibility of derandomization for eventual implementation. Specifically, we exhibit three algorithms that exhibit these features. Our second contribution is a new approach for analyzing the delay induced by a switch scheduling algorithm. Traditional methods, based largely on queueing and large deviation theories, are inadequate for the purpose of analyzing the delays induced by switch schedulers. We adopt a different strategy based on Heavy Traffic Theory which advances our understanding of delay in the following two senses. First, it leads to the characterization of a delay-optimal scheduling algorithm. Second, it helps explain some intriguing observations other researchers have made through simulation-based studies about the delay of scheduling algorithms.
Equity Duration : A Puzzle on High Dividend Stocks ∗

This paper examines the duration of individual stocks, i.e., the sensitivities of their prices to changes in interest rates. Counter to the intuition from the dividend discount model, we find that stocks that pay higher dividends tend to have longer duration, experiencing greater price declines (increases) when interest rates rise (fall). Using data on mutual fund flows and institutional investor holdings, we find evidence of “reaching for dividends”: when interest rates fall, investors switch more funds to income-oriented equity mutual funds, and the weights of high dividend stocks in the portfolios of incomedependent institutions such as income funds and insurance companies increase. The resulting higher demand for high dividend stocks appears to increase the sensitivities of their prices to interest rate changes, thereby contributing to their long duration puzzle. JEL: G10, G11, G12, G23
Assessing the Effectiveness of Audiovisual, Kinesthetic and Lecture Instructional Methods in the Teaching and Learning of Ecological Concepts

This article investigated the effects of audiovisual and kinesthetic instructional methods on students’ performance in ecology among Adu Gyamfi Senior High School Biology students, Ashanti Region. Quasi experimental design was adopted for the study. A sample of 100 students was purposively selected for the study. Ecology achievement test was constructed and used to collect data for the study and reliability coefficient of the instrument was calculated to be 0.81 using Kudder-Richardson formula 20 (KR-20). Data obtained from the study were subjected to both descriptive and inferential analysis such as mean, standard deviation, box plot, mean plot, eta squared effect size, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey HSD test with the support of SPSS version 20. It was established that both kinesthetic (p = > .001) and audiovisual (p = > .001) instructional methods were superior to conventional lecture method in the teaching and learning of Ecology. However, the paired comparison of kinesthetic instructional method and audiovisual instructional method showed a mean difference of 1.29, which indicates no statistical significant difference between these two methods (p = .641 > .05), hence there was no superiority of one on the other. One of the reasons to this result might be because the students in the kinesthetic and audiovisual instructional groups were taught according to their learning styles. Finally, the study revealed that gender had no significant effect on students’ performance in teaching and learning of ecological concepts. Again, there was no interaction effect of the teaching methods and gender on the students’ academic performance in the concept of ecology. Based on this, it was concluded that SHS Biology students learn ecological concepts better, when instructional method matches students’ learning styles. It is therefore recommended that students’ learning styles should be considered when teaching ecological concepts, and teachers should be trained and re-trained on the use of audiovisual and kinesthetic learning styles in teaching ecological concepts.
Patient perceptions of healthy weight promotion in dental settings

Introduction: Excess weight is a risk factor for systemic and oral diseases. Since dental professionals are already involved in imparting overall health messages when certain conditions impact oral health, it should make sense that they also deliver related health messages such as promoting the maintenance of healthy weight for patients. Objectives: This study evaluated the perceptions of adult patients attending private dental clinics on healthy weight promotion by dental professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional multicenter survey was designed and set in four private dental clinics (London/ Hampshire) between April and July 2015. All eligible patients (≥ 18 years) completed a questionnaire. Body Mass Index (BMI; kg/m) was calculated from height and weight measurements. Questionnaire content was centred on patient perceptions of 6 domains with the primary domain as to whether patients would accept healthy weight promotion by dental professionals. Results: 213 adults (aged 20–85 years) participated in this study and 58.2% were females. Although the overwhelming majority endorsed healthy weight promotion by the dental team, the overweight/obese were significantly more sensitive (BMI screening χ2 trend= 6.840, p=0.009; healthy weight information χ2 trend= 6.231, p= 0.013). Awareness of risk of periodontitis, carcinoma and overall adverse health outcomes associated with overweight or obesity was low. Conclusion: The study cohort was well primed for healthy weight advice. Routine healthy weight promotion and BMI screening should be considered in the private dental clinic settings. Clinical significance: This is an opportunity to collaborate with other health care professionals to support overall health monitoring/advice; a common risk factor strategy as recommended by the WHO. Future research is merited for this new initiative particularly perceptions of: dental teams’ on healthy weight management, longitudinal interventions, NHS, children/parents and separate obese groups.
1 An Integrated Approach for Intrinsic Plagiarism Detection

Employing effective plagiarism detection methods are seen to be essential in the next generation web. In this paper, we present a novel approach for plagiarism detection without reference collections. The proposed approach relies on using some statistical properties of the most common words, and the Latent Semantic Analysis that is applied to extract the most common words usage patterns. This method aims to generate a model of author’s “style” by revealing a set of certain features of authorship. The model generation procedure focuses on just one author, as an attempt to summarise the aspects of an author’s style in a definitive and clear-cut manner. The feature set of the intrinsic model were based on the frequency of the most common words, their relative frequencies in the book series, and the deviation of these frequencies across all books for a particular author. The approach has been evaluated using the leave-one-out-cross-validation method on the CEN (Corpus of English Novel) data set. Results have indicated that, by integrating deep latent semantic and stylometric analyses, hidden changes can be identified when a reference collection does not exist. The results have also shown that our Multi-Layer Perceptron based approach statistically outperforms Bayesian Network, Support Vector Machine and Random Forest models, by accurately predicting the author classes with an overall accuracy of 97%.
AN EFFECT OF BIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL AND INTEGRATED POTATO PROTECTION AGAINST PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS (MONT.) DE BARY ON THE QUALITY OF TUBERS

Potato protection against late blight is an essential element of agrotechnics in all production systems. In order to ensure food safety and to care for the natural environment, the aim is to reduce chemical plant protection products and promote alternative methods, including biological methods. Therefore, the study was conducted in the years 2012–2014 in order to determine an effect of chemical (Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WP and Infinito 687.5 SC, Flowbrix 380 SC), biological (Polyversum WP, Timorex Gold 24 EC, Biosept Avtive 33 SL) and integrated protection (alternately biopreparations and Flowbrix 380 SC) on the quality of potato tubers. The early cultivar Vineta and moderately early Red Fantasy were examined. The results of the study indicate a slight influence of the method of plants protecting against P. infestans on dry matter accumulation, including starch, in potato tubers. A decrease in the value of these features was found only in one year of the study on objects protected by P. oligandrum fungus spores, and in the case of dry matter also after using Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG and Infinito 687.5 SC fungicides. The application of chemical fungicides and individually biopreparations Timorex Gold 24 EC and Biosept Avtive 33 SL had a beneficial effect on total protein accumulation, however, this effect was modified by weather conditions during the growing season as well as cultivar properties. The tuber quality deteriorated as a result of an increased accumulation of nitrates on objects protected by Ridomil Gold 72 WP and Infinito 687.5 SC as well as Biosept Avtive 33 SL, and as a result of stronger darkening of tubers raw flesh after an application of Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG and Infinito 687.5 SC fungicides, Timorex Gold 24 EC and alternately Flowbrix 380 SC / Timorex Gold 24 EC.
A Retrospective Study on Cause of Death at Janakpur Zonal Hospital , Nepal

Death Certificate is the most frequently issued certificate by a government employed medical officer. Medical certification of causes of death is a popular method of presenting mortality statistics and is a useful means for illustrating the relative burden of cause of specific mortality. Therefore, this study was carried out to design the leading cause of death other than the disease and natural death at Janakpur Zonal Hospital, Nepal. A retrospective study was carried out on 290 cases of death due to various reasons which was collected from the Janakpur Zonal Hospital in collabration with Janaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Janakpurdham, Nepal in 2015 AD. A total of 290 death cases, 13, 6, 17, 22, 41 and 1% death cases were due to drowning, current, hanging, road traffic accident, poisining and thundering, respectively. The highest number of death cases were found as male than female of 20 to 39 years age group of 37.24% followed by below 19 years with 27.93% and found to be statistically insignificant (p=0.328). The highest number of death cases was reported in January to March as 30%. The highest number of death was observed in male (55.93%) than female (44.06%) due to poisoning and was found to be statistically significant (p=0.001). Most of the death cases were found due to poisoning followed by Road traffic accident (RTA). Community based awareness programs and strict rules regarding sale of pesticide will help to prevent the instances of poisoning. Strict implementation of traffic rules and regulations are important measures to avoid RTA.
Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity and Their Relationship to F 1 Performance For Yield Traits in Some Maize Inbred Lines

The present study of this investigation was aimed to use RAPD markers and phenotypic distances based on yield traits to assess the genetic diversity among six inbred lines (three Egyptian and three American inbred lines) widely used in maize breeding programs and to evaluate the association of the genetic diversity with their F1 performance. Five primers succeeded to evaluate six inbred lines of maize using RAPD technique. This technique was efficient in detecting polymorphism with an average of 91.3% and determining genetic diversity among the six studied inbred lines. But they were not effective enough to distinguish some inbred lines by unique markers. The molecular distances and phenotypic distances were found to range from 0.355 to 0.600 and from 27.37 to 164.46, respectively. According to cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis, the parental inbred lines divided into three and two groups based on molecular and phenotypic distances, respectively. Also, using principal coordinate analysis based on two types of distances observed that the separation between the American inbred lines was higher than separation between the Egyptian inbred lines. On the other hand, poor correlation (r = 0.297) among molecular and phenotypic distances were found. This poor correlation also found for two types of distance with specific combining ability and mid parents heterosis and better parent heterosis. Coefficient of determination for F1 performance against molecular distance and phenotypic distances were extremely low and ranged from 0.0002 to 0.189 and from 0.0001 to 0.351, respectively. This result demonstrated the reliability impairment of regression models in predicting for F1 performance.
RESPONSE OF GROWTH , CHEMICAL COMPOSITION , ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE , ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MARJORAM TO YEAST AND METHIONINE

The obtained results indicated that foliar application of active dry yeast or methionine at any rate positively affected plant growth, oil production and plant chemical constituents. The best result was due to the interaction between active dry yeast of 4g/L and methionine at 100 ppm which increased stem section diameter, cortex thickness, vascular cylinder diameter and number of xylem vessels / cylinder in comparison with untreated plants. Among 32 compounds recorded the essential oil was found to be rich in terpinen-4-ol (23.2-29.3 %), cissabinene hydrate (15.6-21.0 %), trans-sabinene hydrate (7.47-12.9 %), and α –terpinene (4.81-7.53 %). The plants treated with 150 ppm methionine and 4g /L dry yeast recorded the highest terpinen-4-ol compound followed by plants treated with 150 ppm methionine and 6g/L dry yeast. The highest total phenolic contents were recorded for the plants treated with 100 ppm methionine and 4g /L dry yeast, while, the lowest total phenolic contents were recorded for the control. Free radical scavenging ability of the extracts was evaluated and the results indicated that the amounts of extracts required to scavenge 50% of DPPH (2-2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazle) radical (EC50) were ranged from 6.12 to 8.44 μg extract / μg DPPH, respectively. The results of antimicrobial activity indicated that the most susceptible organisms were Escherichia coli, and Salmonella pullurum, while Staphylococcus aureus being the least affected bacteria.
An Economic Framework for Tax Evasion in Palestine

Tax evasion has been a continuous challengeto policy makers globally. Palestine, being a newly developing country, relies heavily on tax revenue and international aids to fund its nation moving forward. A good tax administration and an efficient tax collection are a prerequisite to secure a sufficient tax revenue. Similar to both developing and developed countries globally, understanding factors that influence tax evasion in Palestine and the appropriate strategies to address thesefactors can mitigate the adverse consequences of tax revenue loss. Hence, this study is developed based on prior literature, mainly the economic deterrence theory. Consequently, this study argues that integrating economics factors, namely tax penalty, probability of detection and tax rates, together with tax knowledge could probably better explain the determinants of tax evasion behaviour in the Palestinian context.
Effect of pruning intensity and different levels of zinc sulphate on vegetative growth and yield of phalsa fruits ( Grewia subinaequalis D . C . )

The present investigation was carried out during the year 2014-15. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with nine treatments and replicated in three times, considering two plants as a unit.The treatments significantly increased the vegetative growth and yield of phalsa. The maximum vegetative growth attributes like as shoot length(212.00cm), number of shoots per plant(97.33), number of leaves per shoot(62.00), internodal length (7.06), yield attributes like number of fruits per node(18.33), number of fruiting node per shoot(18.00), fruit yield per plant(3.90 kg) and per hactare (64.93 q) were recorded with the spray of ZnSO 4 @ 0.4 per cent with 50cm pruning intensity.
Workplace Employee Representation in Europe 1

For many in Europe, effective dialogue between employers and workers is seen as an important means of achieving the twin goals of social cohesion and economic growth. Using a recent workplace survey we explore the substantial variance in the incidence and nature of workplace employee representation across the European Union. Country dummies account for roughly one-fifth of all the variance in workplace representation. Its incidence is strongly and independently correlated with the degree of centralization in industrial relations regimes, public confidence in worker representation and the extent of legislative support for it. We also find evidence supportive of the exit-voice model traditionally associated with AngloSaxon regimes whereby worker representation is associated with poorer perceptions of the employment relations climate and with lower voluntary quit rates. However, these findings on the effects of worker representation are only statistically significant where representation has a dual-channel format, combining both trade union and works council representation. JEL Classification: J51; J53; J83
Exploring Spatio-Temporal Patterns of the Mexican Longline Tuna Fishery in the Gulf of Mexico: a Comparative Analysis between Yellowfin and Bluefin Tuna Distribution

1Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita CP 23096 La Paz, B.C.S. , México 2Sistema d'Observació i Predicció Costaner de les Illes Balears (ICTS SOCIB). Parc Bit, Naorte, Bloc A, 2o piso, porta 3, CP 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain 3INAPESCA-CRIP. Ejército Mexicano 106.Colonia Ex-hacienda Ylang-Ylang C.P. 94298, Boca del Río, Ver. , México.
Effect of stocking density on growth performance of Indus mahseer (Tor macrotepis)

Effects of stocking densities on the growth and survival of mahseer (Tor macrolepis) fingerlings were examined in a six glass aquaria. The experiment was conducted for two months in aquarium having a size of 1x1.5x2 feet (height x width and length) each. Fingerlings were stocked at 10, 20 and 30 with duplicated, designated as treatment-1 (T1), treatment-2 (T2) and treatment-3 (T3) respectively. At stocking, all fingerlings were of the same group with a mean Total body length of 7.8±2.15, 9.96±2.31, 5.68±1.25cm and weight of 5.38±3.57, 9.39±4.76, 2.96±0.72gm respectively. Fingerlings in all the treatments were fed with Orayza commercial fish feed at 40% crude protein value. Water levels were maintained in the entire aquarium. Highest weight gain was observed in T1 and lowest in T3. Final length, final weight and survival of fingerlings also followed the same trends as weight gain. Overall, highest growth and survival of fingerlings were obtained at a density of 10 fingerlings. Hence, of the three stocking densities, 10 appear to be the most suitable stocking density for rearing of mahseer fingerlings in aquarium under laboratory study.