Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Initiation Processes over the Tropical IndianOcean duringDYNAMO / CINDY 2011

Amultination joint field campaign called the Dynamics of MJO/Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability in Year 2011 (DYNAMO/CINDY2011) took place in the equatorial Indian Ocean (IO) in late 2011. During the campaign period, two strong MJO events occurred from the middle of October to the middle of December (referred to as MJO I and MJO II, respectively). Both the events were initiated over the western equatorial Indian Ocean (WIO) around 508–608E. Using multiple observational data products (ERA-Interim, the ECMWF final analysis, and NASA MERRA), the authors unveil specific processes that triggered the MJO convection in the WIO. It is found that, 10 days prior to MJO I initiation, a marked large-scale ascending motion anomaly appeared in the lower troposphere over theWIO. The cause of this intraseasonal vertical motion anomaly was attributed to anomalous warm advection by a cyclonic gyre anomaly over the northern IO. TheMJO II initiation was preceded by a low-level specific humidity anomaly. This lower-tropospheric moistening was attributed to the advection of mean moisture by anomalous easterlies over the equatorial IO. The contrast of anomalous precursor winds at the equator (westerly versus easterly) implies different triggering mechanisms for the MJO I and II events. It was found that uppertropospheric circumnavigating signals did not contribute the initiation of both the MJO events. The EOF-based real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) indices should not be used to determine MJO initiation time and location because they are primarily used to capture large zonal scale and eastward-propagating signals, not localized features.
CPB Document No 157 January 2008 Vertical foreclosure : a policy framework

in Dutch Als je naar huis belt, het licht aandoet, of een zo rgverzekering koopt, neem je een product af van een verticale keten van toeleveranciers en verk op nde bedrijven. Aanbieders van deze producten hebben toegang nodig tot een telecommunic atienetwerk, een elektriciteitsnetwerk en zorgdiensten. Integratie en exclusieve contracten t ussen bedrijven in zo’n verticale keten kunnen belangrijke welvaartsverhogende effecten heb ben, maar ook de toegang van concurrenten tot input of klanten beperken. In het laa ste geval leiden ze tot uitsluiting. Uitsluiting kan schadelijk zijn voor de welvaart al s dit de concurrentie vermindert. Dit document biedt beleidsmakers een raamwerk om he t risico te bepalen van welvaartverlagende uitsluiting door integratie of e xclusieve contracten en beschrijft mogelijke oplossingen. Het raamwerk bestaat uit vier stappen, di elk een gedetailleerde analyse vereisen. Ten eerste moet er bovenstrooms of benedenstrooms m arkmacht bestaan. Ten tweede moet uitsluiting een winstgevende evenwichtsstrategie zi jn. Ten derde is van belang welke welvaartsverhogende effecten bestaan en hoe groot d eze zijn. Ten vierde moeten er geschikte beleidsmaatregelen gevonden worden om uitsluiting t egen te gaan. Steekwoorden: Verticale uitsluiting, Mededingingsbe leid, Netwerk industrieën .
Do Mexico’s Agricultural Programs Alleviate Poverty? Evidence from the Ejido Sector

Following the economic and legal reforms of the early 1990s, the Government of Mexico has developed new agricultural support programs that promote productivity and facilitate the adjustment process, while not interfering with the market economy put into place by the reforms. In this paper, we use a panel survey for the the ejido sector for the years 1994 and 197 to analyze the impact on poverty of two programs: PROCAMPO, a cash transfer per hectare of cultivated land, and Alianza, a matching grant program for investments in agriculture. Our evaluation method takes into account the endogeneity of placement. We find that participation in PROCAMPO significantly reduces the likelihood that a ejido household will be poor, but that Alianza has no significant impact on poverty. It is also shown that PROCAMPO may have a positive multiplier effect on household income. 1 This research was completed as a background paper jointly for the Mexico Ejido Study and the Mexico Poverty Assessment at The World Bank. We are grateful to the staff of Secretaria de Reforma Agraria for providing us with the data. These are the views of the authors, and need not reflect those of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent.
Micromechanical modelling of superelasticity in polycrystalline NiTi with non-constant Young ' s modulus

We demonstrate a computational model for the application of the micromechanical approach to modeling of superelasticity in shape memory alloys. The model is based on finite element method, where each finite element represents a single crystal grain in the polycrystalline structure. The constitutive equations are integrated at each Gauss point by a return mapping algorithm. In this manner good stability and convergence of the model is achieved. Material properties for Ni-Ti alloy (50.8 at.% Ni) obtained from literature and from our own experiments were applied to the model and a sample calculation of a 3D model subjected to uniaxial loading was performed. The results were compared to experimental results obtained from tensile and compressive tests on a universal testing machine. In general the presented model predicts well the level of the superelastic stress plateau and maximum transformation strain in tension. Predictions in compression do not agree well with the experimental findings but the overall characteristics of the tension-compression asymmetry are predicted correctly.
COMME EXIGENCE PARTIELLE DU PROGRAMME DE GESTION DE LA FAUNE ET DE SES HABITATS

Laying is a critical period for female Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima) as it represents the transition between a period of intense feeding activity during pre-Iaying and a period of high ne st attendance during incubation. Thus a number of important tactical decisions such as when to lay eggs, when to start incubating, when to stop feeding need to be made. We investigated laying behaviour in a Danish colony in April 2003-2005 by implanting temperature recorders in eider nests just after the first egg was laid. From temperature patterns, we extracted presence and recess periods of females on their nests and calculated embryonic development of each egg laid. We compared nests attendance and embryonic development patterns to predictions associated with a set of factors explaining the different aspects of females laying behaviour. We observed that ne st attendance increased similarly for aIl females over the laying sequence irrespective to clutch size produced and was 39% higher during daylight hours than during nightlight hours. Temperatures high enough for embryonic development were applied as early as the second day of laying but did not induce an asynchrony higher than 2.5 days. These results were mostly consistent with three selective factors: nest predation, adult predation and feeding.
Structure and Distribution of Earnings in Russia , 1994 – 2003 1

The paper documents changes in the structure of earnings and earnings inequality in Russia for the period 1994–2003 using the RLMS data. The period covers few years of the transformational recession (1994–1998), the financial crisis in 1998 and the first years of economic recovery (2000–2003). A regression-based decomposition reveals that within-group inequality plays the largest, yet diminishing, role. Among the explanatory variables, the largest proportion of earnings dispersion (75%–80% of the explained level of inequality) is explained by the geographical variables and job characteristics. The decomposition results suggest that the rise in inequality after the financial crisis of 1998 is likely to be a result of the differences in the adjustment speeds across regions and industries. Employer ownership is only marginally important; however, its effect has been steadily increasing for women due to the increase in the public-private sector wage gap. Contrary to the initial expectations, the wage inequality in the public sector was different from that in the private sector: both were of a similar level and followed similar patterns of changes.
MODEL AGNOSTIC GLOBALLY INTERPRETABLE EXPLANATIONS

Explaining the behavior of black box machine learning through human interpretable rules is an important research area. Several recent works have focused on explaining model behavior locally i.e. for specific predictions. However, it is also important to understand the behavior of models globally. In this work, we present a novel approach that captures model behavior globally in an accurate, succinct, and human understandable manner. It uses local model explanation methods to extract conditions important for specific instances followed by an evolutionary algorithm that optimizes an information theory based fitness measure to construct global rules. We show how our approach can be used in different domains to extract patterns in a dataset through a trained model. Our approach outperforms existing approaches across several publicly available data sets.
Understanding forced adoption of self-service technology: the impacts of users’ psychological reactance

ABSTRACT With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, information system, and mobile technologies, some companies (e.g. airlines) consider fully replacing service employees with self-service technologies (SSTs) to cut down costs and to increase efficiency. However, replacing full services with SSTs sometimes fail to deliver the benefits companies have hoped for: users may feel that they are being forced to use SSTs and show resistance to the new technologies. To investigate why users show resistance, we draw inferences from psychological reactance theory and argue that users may perceive the forced adoption as a threat, which leads to resistance of SSTs. A conceptual model was developed and an empirical study was conducted. The results show that, under a forced situation, users are likely to perceive the forced adoption as a threat to their freedom, causing them to have negative emotions and perceptions towards the SSTs, and, in turn, their adoption intention decreases and switch intention increases. The findings provide insights on why users show resistance to SSTs and highlight the impacts of the motivational state of psychological reactance.
2 6-9-2012 DOES THE MARKET REWARD ENTREPRENEURIAL STRATEGIES ?

This study adopts a signaling theory perspective to test the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and market performance, and to further test theoretically meaningful boundary conditions of that relationship. We estimate our research model using an objective measure of EO among publicly traded companies from 2001-2010. Our results suggest that EO and market performance are non-monotonically related (U-shaped), and that environmental dynamism, and environmental hostility, individually and jointly influence the EO-market performance relationship.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) 2005 Network Effects and the Creation of Shareholders ' Wealth in the Context of Software Firm Mergers and Acquisitions

This paper investigates the reaction of financial markets to the announcement of a business combination between software firms. Based on the theory of economic networks, this article argues that mergers of software firms should lead to greater wealth creation because of the network effect theoretically linked to the combination of software products. This hypothesis is partially supported, as only the targets in software/software outperform those in the other categories, yielding abnormal returns of great magnitude. In addition, we could not conclude that controlling position in the target enabled bidders to make the appropriate technological decisions to ensure the emergence of network effects in the portfolio of the new entity and create additional wealth for the shareholders of both the bidder and the target. Future research is needed to better understand the effect of the different properties of the software pooled inside the product portfolio of the new entity.
Re-Examining the Law of Crime Concentration: Between-and Within-City Evidence

In his 2014 Sutherland address to the American Society of Criminology, David Weisburd demonstrated empirically that the share of crime that is accounted for by the most crime-ridden street segments is notably high and strikingly similar across cities, an empirical regularity that Weisburd refers to as the “law of crime concentration. ” We build upon recent work in this area that points out that the concentration of a large share of crime amongst a small number of street segments can, in some cases, be a mechanical artifact of the degree of crime density in a city rather than the signature of an empirical law. Using data from three of the largest cities in the United States, we identify crime concentration by comparing observed crime concentration to a counterfactual distribution of crimes generated by randomizing crimes to street segments. We show that this method avoids a key pitfall that causes existing methods of measuring crime concentration to overstate the degree of crime concentration in a city. Most (but not all) crimes are, in fact, concentrated amongst a small number of hot spots but the precise relationship is weaker — sometimes considerably so — than has been documented in the empirical literature. We further show that, within a city, crime is least concentrated in the neighborhoods that experience the largest number of crimes. Accordingly, the law of crime concentration sometimes holds only tenuously in the communities in which crimes are most prevalent. We conclude that Weisburd’s original intuition remains largely intact though the law of crime concentration requires some qualification.
Evaluating Sequence Alignments and Phylogenies New Methods and Large-Scale Comparisons

Phylogenetic trees are one of the most important representations of the evolutionary relationship between genomic sequences. Alternatively, their relatedness can be expressed by a matrix of pairwise evolutionary distances an approach often taken in large scale studies. Prior to tree or distance estimation the sequences have to be aligned, that is the homologous characters have to be determined. In this thesis, we devise and apply methods to evaluate the performance of alignment (part 1), pairwise distance (part 2) and phylogeny estimators (part 3). In the first part of the thesis we introduce new phylogeny based tests of alignment accuracy, which use large and representative samples of real biological data and overcome the flaws of traditional evaluation approaches. Our tests reveal phylogenetic signal that is poorly exploited by most alignment and phylogeny estimators. In the second part we present methods for the linear combination of pairwise distance estimates. The main contribution are three estimators of the covariance of pairwise distances, designed for estimates from sequences aligned pairwise under empirical amino acid substitution models (an important case for which no previously published estimators exists), but also applicable to multiple sequence alignments and parametric models. The first method estimates the variance of the difference between two distances involving a common sequence, leading naturally to an estimator of the covariance between the two distances. The second method allows to estimate the covariance of distances involving four sequences, so that full covariance matrices can be computed. The third method estimates the same quantities as the second method, but instead of operating directly on the sequence data, it models the covariances as a function of shared path lengths on the underlying phylogenetic tree. All estimators are investigated and compared by simulation. Furthermore, their usefulness is exemplified on real data. The third part contains two works devoted to phylogenetic tree construction. The first work is a comparative study of different phylogeny estimators. Using an adaption of the alignment tests (from part 1) we compare algorithmic and statistical approaches, evaluate models of evolution and show that popular model selection criteria can be misleading. In the second work we introduce a very fast likelihood-based method to estimate clade supports. Since phylogenetic trees are complex multi-dimensional random variables embedded in spaces that grow exponential in the input-size, making confidence statements about them is a hard and time consuming process. We demonstrate the advantage of our branch support measure over most existing measures in terms of speed, accuracy/power trade-off and robustness to moderate model violations.
Entomological Studies of Chaetoprocta Odata , An Important Pest on Walnut Trees ( Juglans Regia L . ) in Kashmir Valley

Chaetoprocta odata (Hewitson) is considered as one of the most serious damage causing lepidopteron insect pests infesting walnut trees with particular reference to Kashmir. The present investigation was undertaken from 2009-2012 to study the biology of Chaetoprocta odata (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), on walnut trees Juglans regia in 10 districts of Kashmir valley. The findings revealed that the pest was found to cause defoliation of walnut trees and damage to the sprouting buds under heavy infestation in various areas. During the present investigation, a detailed biological study of this leaf roller and defoliator pest was carried out. It was observed that healthy, young as well as old walnut trees are under severe attack of the lepidopteron insect pest.
D ec 2 01 8 Modified Babenko ’ s equation for periodic gravity waves on water of finite depth

A new operator equation for periodic gravity waves on water of finite depth is derived and investigated; it is equivalent to Babenko’s equation considered in [1]. Both operators in the proposed equation are nonlinear and depend on the parameter equal to the mean depth of water, whereas each solution defines a parametric representation for a symmetric free surface profile. The latter is a component of a solution of the two-dimensional, nonlinear problem describing steady waves propagating in the absence of surface tension. Bifurcation curves (including a branching one) are obtained numerically for solutions of the new equation; they are compared with known results.
Penggunaan Virtual Laboratory berbasis PhET Simulation Untuk Menentukan Konstanta Wien

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai konstanta Wien dengan menggunakan virtual laboratory yaitu PhET Simulation. PhET merupakan rangkaian simulasi interaktif yang sangat menguntungkan dalam pengintegrasian teknologi komputer ke dalam pembelajaran atau eksperimen. Alat dan bahan yang digunakan pada eksperimen ini diantaranya yaitu laptop dan software PhET Simulation. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisis data adalah dengan analisis regresi liniear yaitu hubungan antara panjang gelombang dengan suhu. Semakin tinggi suhu maka panjang gelombangnya semakin kecil. Nilai konstanta Wien yang diperoleh sebesar 0,003 mK, dengan ralat relatif sebesar 3,4 %. Hal ini mendekati dengan nilai teori yaitu 0,029 mK dan membuktikan bahwa dengan menggunakan PhET Simulation sangat efektif untuk analisis eksperimen.
Lexical category in downstep in Japanese

It has often been found that syntactic structure is referred to in phonology (e.g., [1, 2]). This claim has been tested, for example, in downstep in Japanese ([6]), wherein accented phrases are lower-pitched after an accented phrase within the domain of a major phrase ([3, 4, 5]). Considering, in particular, the finding in the literature that syntactic category has an effect on this process ([7, 8, 9]), we conducted a production experiment testing nouns and verbs modifying a noun and nouns in the predicate VP. Downstep occurs in all of them. Putting these together, adjectives in the attributive use may block downstep, whereas those in the predicative use as well as nouns and verbs in either use do not. We propose an explanation that takes into account the function of downstep and natural ordering of adjectives in attributive modification.
Public-Private Investment and Economic Growth in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis

This study has attempted to evaluate the inter-relationship among the three macro-variables, namely public and private investment and GDP growth both in the long and short run with reference to Pakistan economy for the period of 1972–2011. We have tried to pinpoint the important determinants of each variable, using the standard econometric techniques. Long run relationship between the variables is specified by using method proposed by Johansen and Juselious (1990). Based on the results of the long-run co-integration parameters short run error correction model is used to estimate the short run relationship between the variables. As expected, the GDP growth has a strong positive relationship with public and private investment and there is a two-way causality between GDP and investment. The public investment is affected by the level of GDP, inflation and exchange rates. Likewise, private investment is affected by inflation and exchange rates, the lending rate, besides the level of GDP. The general negative theoretical relationship between public and private investment is confirmed in the context of Pakistan economy, i.e. public investment exerts a “crowding-out” effect on private investment at large. This is because public investment has primarily been financed in the past through internal and external borrowing. The government revenues collected through taxation has little contribution in promoting public investment.
Deposited in DRO : 06 February 2018 Version of attached le : Peer-review status of attached

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Corporate Entrepreneurship : Application of Moderator Method

Corporate Entrepreneurship: Application of Moderator Method BR Bhardwaj Sushil K Momaya Department of Management Studies Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 47 Corporate entrepreneurship is becoming increasingly important for the competitiveness of organisations as they face dynamic competition unleashed by globalisation. Internal environmental factors play a crucial role in translating entrepreneurship into performance. There is a need to understand the factors and their dynamics for stimulating corporate entrepreneurship. The key findings of an empirical research are based on data collected from 181 senior managers. Systematic methodology, including design and validation of questionnaire, factor analysis was utilised to enhance reliability of the findings. Moderator method has been used and the findings have been presented which is of more value for practical application.