Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal contrast in turbulence along a  ∼ 19° S section in the Pacific and its consequences for biogeochemical fluxes

Abstract. Microstructure measurements were performed along the OUTPACE longitudinal transect in the tropical Pacific (Moutin and Bonnet, 2015). Small-scale dynamics and turbulence in the first 800 m surface layer were characterized based on hydrographic and current measurements at fine vertical scale and turbulence measurements at centimeter scale using a vertical microstructure profiler. The possible impact of turbulence on biogeochemical budgets in the surface layer was also addressed in this region of increasing oligotrophy to the east. The dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy, ϵ, showed an interesting contrast along the longitudinal transect with stronger turbulence in the west, i.e., the Melanesian Archipelago, compared to the east, within the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre, with a variation of ϵ by a factor of 3 within [100–500 m]. The layer with enhanced turbulence decreased in vertical extent travelling eastward. This spatial pattern was correlated with the energy level of the internal wave field, higher in the west compared to the east. The difference in wave energy mostly resulted from enhanced wind power input into inertial motions in the west. Moreover, three long-duration stations were sampled along the cruise transect, each over three inertial periods. The analysis from the western long-duration station gave evidence of an energetic baroclinic near-inertial wave that was responsible for the enhanced ϵ, observed within a 50–250 m layer, with a value of 8×10-9 W kg−1, about 8 times larger than at the eastern long-duration stations. Averaged nitrate turbulent diffusive fluxes in a 100 m layer below the top of the nitracline were about twice larger west of 170∘ W due to the higher vertical diffusion coefficient. In the photic layer, the depth-averaged nitrate turbulent diffusive flux strongly decreased eastward, with an averaged value of 11 µmolm-2d-1 west of 170∘ W compared with the 3 µmolm-2d-1 averaged value east of 170∘ W. Contrastingly, phosphate turbulent diffusive fluxes were significantly larger in the photic layer. This input may have an important role in sustaining the development of N2-fixing organisms that were shown to be the main primary contributors to the biological pump in the area. The time–space intermittency of mixing events, intrinsic to turbulence, was underlined, but its consequences for micro-organisms would deserve a dedicated study.
Green supply chain contracts with eco-labels issued by the sales platform: profitability and environmental implications

Considering environmentally conscious consumers, a manufacturer, and a sales platform which provides eco-labels for qualified manufacturers, this paper develops a supply chain model to study how eco-labels affect green supply chain operations, from the profitability and environmental perspectives. The results show that the sales platform prefers the agency contract, but the manufacturer prefers the wholesale price contract. Considering the performance of the supply chain, the agency contract brings a higher profit while the wholesale price contract results in a bigger environmental improvement. An unexpected but interesting result is that when the agency contract is used and consumer green awareness increases, the sale price declines rather than increasing as it does under the wholesale price contract. This decline happens because the required marketing effort of the sales platform will be lower, which incentivises the platform to reduce the commission rate. Consequently, the manufacturer faces a lower commission rate and a higher margin when consumers display greater green awareness. Moreover, as the core and more powerful player of the supply chain, the sales platform can propose a platform-led revenue sharing contract to fully coordinate the supply chain, which improves the performance of the supply chain both in profitability and environmental perspectives.
On distribution function of free and bound electrons in equilibrium Coulomb system

In classical thermodynamics, the velocity distribution function of particles is always Maxwell distributionfor any density. This is due to the fact that the dependences on the pulses and coordinates in theexpression for the total energy are separated. Integration over coordinates leads to the appearance of aconfiguration integral, and the remaining part is divided into the product of Maxwell distributionfunctions. In the case of formation of bound states (molecules) in an atomic gas, the full phase space ofthe relative motion of two particles is divided into two parts. The first corresponds to negative energies ofrelative motion (molecular component), and the second to positive (free atoms). The velocity distributionfunction remains Maxwellian, if we ignore the fact of separation of the phase space. It can be assumedthat for free atoms the velocity (kinetic energies) distribution may be different from Maxwell. Forplasmas, the assumption of the non-Maxwellian velocity distribution function of free electrons was made.The influence of the non-Maxwell electron distribution function on the recombination coefficient isestimated.
Soil Moisture Regime and Mound Position Effects on Soil Water and Vegetation in a Native Tallgrass Prairie in the Mid-Southern United States of America

Prairie mounds are unique soil surface features that will become increasingly scarce as native tallgrass prairies are continually lost. This study aimed to evaluate (i) whether the soil moisture regime (SMR), mound position, and soil depth affect soil volumetric water content (VWC) and (ii) whether the SMR and mound position affect vegetation over time. Soil VWC was measured continuously from April 2017 to June 2018, and vegetation was sampled in June and August 2017 and in May and August 2018. Maximum VWC for selected rainfall events was ~ 2.5 times greater at 10 cm in the aquic inter-mound than the udic mound position at 30 cm. Soil dry-down rates were four times greater in the udic soil at 10 cm than the aquic soil at 30 cm. Aboveground plant biomass was numerically largest (8489 kg ha − 1 ) at the aquic summit in August 2018 and smallest (1280 kg ha − 1 ) at the aquic inter-mound in May 2018. Results clearly demonstrate the effects that prairie mound topography and differing SMRs have on soil water dynamics and prairie vegetation and suggest that management efforts need to account for mound topography and SMR in order to be most successful.
Future retreat of Great Aletsch Glacier

Abstract We model the future evolution of the largest glacier of the European Alps – Great Aletsch Glacier, Switzerland – during the 21st century. For that purpose we use a detailed three-dimensional model, which combines full Stokes ice dynamics and surface mass balance forced with the most recent climate projections (CH2018), as well as with climate data of the last decades. As a result, all CH2018 climate scenarios yield a major glacier retreat: Results range from a loss of 60% of today's ice volume by 2100 for a moderate CO2 emission scenario (RCP2.6) being in line with the Paris agreement to an almost complete wastage of the ice for the most extreme emission scenario (RCP8.5). Our model results also provide evidence that half of the mass loss is already committed under the climate conditions of the last decade.
Process Modularity Over Time: Modeling Process Execution as an Evolving Activity Network

Process modularity describes the extent to which processes can be decomposed into modules to be executed in parallel. So far, research has approached process modularity from a static perspective, not accounting for its temporal evolution. As a result, the understanding of process modularity has been limited to inferences drawn from aggregated analyses that disregard process execution. This article introduces and develops the notion of dynamic process modularity considering the evolving activity network structure as executed by people. Drawing on network science, the article quantifies process modularity over time using archival data from an engineering design process of a biomass power plant. This article shows how studying the temporal evolution of process modularity enables a more complete understanding of activity networks, facilitates the comparison of actual process modularity patterns against formal engineering design stages, and provides data-driven decision-support for process planning and interventions. Finally, managerial recommendations for interface management, resource allocation, and process decomposition are proposed, to help practitioners better to understand and manage dynamic processes.
Development and Characterization of LDV Peptide Targeted Nanocarriers for Paclitaxel Delivery: A Comparative Study of Micelles, Liposomes and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

By Poonam Dattani University of the Pacific 2019 Nanocarriers have been established as delivery vehicles to target cancer tumors. However, premature drug leakage is one of the major reasons for inefficient drug delivery of nanocarriers to the tumor. Drug diffusion out of the nanocarriers or destabilization of drug loaded nanocarriers by physiological interactions with blood cells, serum proteins, and cell membranes upon systemic administration contribute to premature drug release. In this study, targeted micelles, liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of similar composition were prepared and characterized to compare physicochemical characteristics, in vitro stability, in vitro release rates in release media and in vivo performance. Peptide Amphiphiles (PAs) formed micelles with critical micelle concentration (CMC) values ranging between 23.68 ± 0.72 μM to 38.76 ± 2.27 μM. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images confirmed the self-assembly of PAs into spherical structures where the largest sizes were seen for C16-(PEG2)6-LDV micelles. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) results confirmed the presence of targeted liposomes and SLNs with sizes smaller than 100 nm. Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) studies revealed that targeted micelles, liposomes and SLNs were all stable upon dilution in aqueous medium, however the stability was significantly reduced in human serum, with micelles being the least stable and SLNs being the most stable. The same trend was observed for the in vitro release profiles, where targeted paclitaxel-loaded micelles (PTX-micelles) had the fastest release rate and paclitaxel-loaded SLNs (PTX-SLN) exhibited the slowest release rate. DLS results showed that sizes of PTX-
Process simulation of biomass gasification with steam as gasification agent

ABSTRACT Among all renewable energies, biomass has been receiving more attention because of its availability and economic advantages. In this study, a thermodynamic model was developed using a commercial simulator to analyze the gasification behavior of biomass (pine sawdust) particles in the presence of CaO as CO2 sorbent. The developed model was validated with the experimental results showed a good agreement. It was found that H2 and CO2 increased, as the SBR increased, while an opposite trend is obtained for CO and CH4. The simulated results also showed that the CO2 conversion ratio (CCR) increased from 31.12% to 59.45% increased as the SBR increased from 0.25 to 1.0.
A New Method for Isolating Elastic From Inelastic Deformation in Aquifer Systems: Application to the San Joaquin Valley, CA

Separating recoverable (elastic) from permanent (inelastic) deformation of aquifer systems is critical to develop sustainable pumping practices but remains a challenge because the preconsolidation stress is unknown. Previous works often assume that inelastic deformation occurs over years while elastic deformation is seasonal. This assumption may not hold for systems where groundwater extraction controls drawdowns and recharge because elastic deformation may not be exclusively seasonal (e.g., drought and recovery periods). Here we present an independent component analysis‐based method for extracting elastic aquifer properties without relying on sedimentary data or on curve fitting of seasonal signal. We applied this method to 2015–2019 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar measurements of deformation in the San Joaquin Valley and show that elastic deformation is always present and captured by IC2 with both seasonal patterns and post drought recovery longer‐term deformation. Independent component analysis is the first method which enables isolating elastic deformation and properties even through periods that do not exhibit a clear seasonal signal.
Natural Geography and Patterns of Local Population Growth and Decline in Spain: 1960–2011

This paper analyzes the role of natural geography for explaining local population change patterns. Using spatially detailed data for Spain from 1960 to 2011, the estimation results indicated that natural geography variables relate to about half of the population growth variation of rural areas and more than a third of the population growth variation of urban areas during this period. Local differences in climate, topography, and soil and rock formation as well as distance to aquifers and the coast contribute to variations in local population growth patterns. Although, over time, local population change became less related to differences in natural geography, natural geography is still significantly related to nearly a third of the variation in local population change in rural areas and the contribution of temperature range and precipitation seasonality has even increased. For urban areas, weather continues to matter too, with growth being higher in warmer places.
Regulation of Leukocyte-Derived Matrix Metalloproteinases and Azurophilic Enzymes in Human Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Acceptance/ Meetings Attended: Physiology and Pharmacology Research Day 2014 at Western University (London, CAN) Poster Presenter London Health Research Day 2014 and 2015 (London, ON CAN) Poster Presenter Experimental Biology 2015 (Boston, MA, USA) Poster Presenter Pediatric Research Day 2015 (London, CAN) Oral Platform Presenter
How Soil-Applied Maltodextrin with Caraway
(Carum carvi L.) Oil Affects Weed
and Soil Microbiological Activity in Maize
(Zea mays L.) Stands

The essential oil (EO) of caraway (Carum carvi L.) is a confirmed source of herbicidal compounds. Therefore, the object of this study was to determine the effect of soil-applied maltodextrin (MD) microcapsules containing approximately 12% caraway EO on weed infestation in maize (Zea mays) stands, the yield of maize and the number of colonies of soil microbes. A two-year field experiment was set up in a randomized block design on brown podzolic soil. It was shown that the MD-EO microcapsules affected the number of only some annual weeds, such as G. quadriradiata, G. parviflora, and E. crus-galli. The dry mass of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds was significantly reduced by all the MD treatments, on average by 45-65% and 35-65%, respectively, compared to the control. The number of maize plants and cobs per 1 m2 was reduced by 17% and 21%, respectively, following the MD-EO treatments. The mass of the cobs was unaffected by the MD-EO treatments. The application of MD-EO caused a significant decrease in the number of soil mesophilic bacteria colonies but did not affect the amounts of phenolic compounds in the soil. In conclusion, the soil application of caraway EO within MD microcapsules has a potential as a natural weed control agent but should be studied further to optimize its dose and timing of application for weed control in maize stands.
Numerical Modelling of Dynamic Responses of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Subject to Focused Waves

In this paper, we present numerical modelling for the investigation of dynamic responses of a floating offshore wind turbine subject to focused waves. The modelling was carried out using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool. We started with the generation of a focused wave in a numerical wave tank based on a first-order irregular wave theory, then validated the developed numerical method for wave-structure interaction via a study of floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) to focused wave. Subsequently, we investigated the wave-/wind-structure interaction of a fixed semi-submersible platform, a floating semi-submersible platform and a parked National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW floating offshore wind turbine. To understand the nonlinear effect, which usually occurs under severe sea states, we carried out a systematic study of the motion responses, hydrodynamic and mooring tension loads of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) over a range of wave steepness, and compared the results obtained from two potential flow theory tools with each other, i.e., Électricité de France (EDF) in-house code and NREL Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence (FAST). We found that the nonlinearity of the hydrodynamic loading and motion responses increase with wave steepness, revealed by higher-order frequency response, leading to the appearance of discrepancies among different tools.
Cluster Headache Syndrome

Part 1 Cluster headache: terminology headaches described under other headings classifications and definition cluster headache and similar headaches - early descriptions comments concerning priority previous materials large materials prevalence of cluster headache familial occurrence of cluster headache familial occurrence of migraine co-existence of cluster headache and migraine some characteristics of the patient temporal aspects - various definitions clinical appearance partly attack-independent complications and consequences attack provocation diagnosis and differential diagnosis treatment various tests and examinations carried out in cluster headache pathogensis. Part 2 Chronic cluster headache: terminology definitions clinical materials some clinical characteristics various studies carried out in chronic cluster headache treatment the status of chronic cluster headache. Part 3 Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH): nomenclature and terminology the history of the emergence of a "new" headache classification the various forms of CPH symptomatology and characteristics of CPH differential diagnosis does CPH have a psychogenic background the link to cluster headache mechanical precipitation of attacks significance of trigger mechanisms tests and studies carried out in CPH status and future the so-called indomethacin responsive headache has CPH been described prior to 1947? treatment pathogenesis.
Validation and Determination of Quinolizidine Alkaloids (QAs) in Lupin Products by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID)

Abstract Products of lupin, a leguminous plant belonging to genus Lupinus, have high protein contents and are consumed in Mediterranean and Middle East countries. However, quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) present in lupin have been reported to be toxic for humans and animals. Therefore, we carried out a quantitative determination of the QAs such as sparteine, angustifoline, lupanine, and 13-hydroxylupanine, which are known to be the major components in lupin and lupin products. The QAs were determined in three lupin products, namely, lupin beans, lupin cookies, and a lupin drink. The analysis was carried out using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and the method was also validated. All of the QAs were eluted in 20 min, and the correlation coefficients were acceptable (R2 > 0.99). The limit of quantification in this method was lower than for a previously used capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometric method. The total QA contents in lupin beans, lupin cookies, and lupin drink were 97.031, 4.786, and 67.887 µg/mL. Based on our results, it was concluded that these products were safe for consumption. It is believed that this method can be effectively used for the determination of QAs as GC-FID is a widely used technique.
Railroad bridge fatigue life estimation using the probabilistic method and new fatigue resistance for riveted details

Abstract Existing fatigue life evaluation procedures are often over-simplified and do not account accurately for the uncertainty in applied load and fatigue resistance of steel railway bridges. Simplified calculations and conservative assumptions often lead to significant reductions in estimated life that indicate older structures ceased to be functional decades ago. Fitness for service assessments that utilise probabilistic methods and that are informed by and consistent with detailed physical inspections of the structures provide a more accurate assessment of the expected life of bridges and can be used to establish improved bridge inspection programmes. This paper focuses on development of probabilistic, risk-based methods and models for assessing steel bridge Fitness for Service (FFS) and remaining life. The fatigue resistance models developed in this project are calibrated, validated, and verified against all available and relevant fatigue test results. For some bridge types, these models provide remaining fatigue life estimates that are double and sometimes even triple those obtained by using existing simplified methods. In this paper, a probabilistic method is demonstrated on two, riveted deck plate girder spans that exceed 100 years of service and are currently located at the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST) near Pueblo, CO.
The Use of Research Assistants in Law Faculties: Balancing Cost Effectiveness and Reciprocity

Research is currently considered to be central to Australia’s success in the global knowledge economy. To improve Australia’s position, the Commonwealth Government has developed a new research paradigm. This paradigm emphasises research outcomes and excellence in research training. The government’s aim is for young researchers to be nurtured in an environment that provides relevant experience, delivers high quality learning, and values creativity and talent. This paper argues that research assistants have been an undervalued part of many faculties research culture and that more careful employment and training of research assistants in Australian law faculties will not only improve research outcomes, but also provide a highly effective method of nurturing future academic researchers.
Short‐term photovoltaic power dynamic weighted combination forecasting based on least squares method

In recent years, in photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting research, there are certain limitations in single forecasting methods. In traditional combined forecasting methods, such as the average weight combined method and the fixed weight combined method, the determination of the weight value cannot guarantee that the forecasting error at each moment is the smallest. In order to reduce the PV power forecasting error, this paper proposes a short‐term PV power dynamic weighted combination forecasting based on the least squares (LS) method. First, the random components of the PV power are extracted using the periodogram method, and then the dynamic weight value of each method is determined with the LS method. The combined model forecasts the random components of PV power and superimposes them with the periodic component to obtain the final PV power forecast. Using the data from a PV power plant in Ashland, USA, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed method proposed. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.