Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Social Power Bases in Varying Organizational Cultures

The Effects of Social Power Bases within Varying Organizational Cultures by Ayanna R. Cummings Advisor: Harold Goldstein, PhD This study focuses on social power in the context of organizational culture and how this relationship impacts outcomes of follower compliance and trust. Power is the ability to direct or influence the behavior of others or a course of events (Handgraaf, et al., 2008). There are six different types of social power, including informational, referent, legitimate, coercive, rewarding, and expert (Fontaine & Beerman, 1977). Each type of social power may lead to varying psychological outcomes, such as compliance, satisfaction, and agreement. To date, the empirical literature has not fully addressed the issue of whether one type of power is more effective than the others in different organizational cultural contexts. This study examined the effectiveness of four types of social power in varying organizational cultural contexts for eliciting follower compliance and trust (Tharp, 2009). The methodology employed videos which manipulated the types of power and culture to examine their impact on followers. Followers were asked to what extent they would comply with the leader and how much they trusted the leader. None of the findings for MANOVA, ANOVA and T-tests were statistically significant. Coercive power in hierarchical culture demonstrated higher compliance and trust outcome means, but reward power within an adhocracy culture demonstrated lower compliance and trust outcome means. Results are discussed in terms of potential confounders, possible attributional influences, and the implications for organizational outcomes of compliance and trust.
Soft-Margin Mixture of Regressions

Nonlinear regression is a common statistical tool to solve many computer vision problems (e.g., age estimation, pose estimation). Existing approaches to nonlinear regression fall into two main categories: (1) The universal approach provides an implicit or explicit homogeneous feature mapping (e.g., kernel ridge regression, Gaussian process regression, neural networks). These approaches may fail when data is heterogeneous or discontinuous. (2) Divide-and-conquer approaches partition a heterogeneous input feature space and learn multiple local regressors. However, existing divide-and-conquer approaches fail to deal with discontinuities between partitions (e.g., Gaussian mixture of regressions) and they cannot guarantee that the partitioned input space will be homogeneously modeled by local regressors (e.g., ordinal regression). To address these issues, this paper proposes Soft-Margin Mixture of Regressions (SMMR), a method that directly learns homogeneous partitions of the input space and is able to deal with discontinuities. SMMR outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on three popular computer vision tasks: age estimation, crowd counting and viewpoint estimation from images.
Undergraduate Research Needs: Faculty-Librarian Collaboration to Improve Information Literacy in Policy Papers

Abstract To improve the quality of semester-long policy projects of upper-division political science students, a faculty member and research librarian collaborated to reframe the assignment in hopes of improving students’ research skills and information literacy, revising the traditional one-way model of faculty sending students to the library to get information. The outcomes over the course of two semesters have been promising. Citations in two sets of student papers showed a remarkable increase in the number and quality of sources used. This suggests that when faculty work with librarians throughout the semester, such collaboration can improve students’ information literacy and thus their coursework and overall learning.
Long-term outcome and health status in decompressive craniectomized patients with intractable intracranial pressure after severe brain injury

Objective: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a controversial therapeutic strategy. The long-term functional recovery and health status in a sample of decompressive craniectomized TBI are reported. Methods: Patients with TBI who underwent DC were retrospectively investigated. Patients with cerebral haemorrhage (CH) and DC were considered as control group. In all survival patients admitted to a neuro-rehabilitation setting, the modified Rankin (mRS), Glasgow Outcome scale (GOS) and Barthel Scales (BS) were administered at admission, discharge, 1 year and follow-up. The quality-of-life was evaluated with the SF-36 questionnaire at follow-up (41.1 ± 16.6 months). Results: Seventy (33 F, 37 M, mean age = 46.8, SD = 18.8) patients were enrolled: 46 (20 F, 26 M) subjects with TBI and 24 (13 F, 11 M) with CH. After surgery, 11 (23.9%) and 10 (41.6%) subjects in the TBI and CH group, respectively, died. The mean Barthel scores were 4.0 (SD = 5.9), 60.9 (SD = 37.5), 63.7 (SD = 35.1) and 67.3 (SD = 38.2) (p < 0.001) and median GOS was 3, 4, 4 and 4 at admission, discharge, 1 year and follow-up, respectively, in TBI patients. Seventeen (36.9%) patients with TBI and four (16.6%) with CH made a full recovery. The SF-36 questionnaire showed significant abnormalities in all domains of health status in both groups. Conclusion: Craniectomized patients with TBI achieved good long-term outcome, although they experienced significant difficulties in health status.
Molecular epidemiology of antibiotic resistance of Salmonella enteritidis during a 7-year period in Greece

A significant increase in the frequency of isolation of Salmonella enteritidis has been observed during recent years in Greece, parallelled by an increasing rate of resistance of this organism to antibiotics. A substantial proportion of ampicillin- and doxycycline-resistant isolates exhibited cross-resistance to drugs of other classes, such as sulfonamides and streptomycin. Isolates of human origin were overall less resistant than those of animal or food-feed origin. Indeed, strains associated with animal infections were characterized by the highest rates of resistance to several antibiotics. These phenotypic data were correlated with genotypic information concerning two distinct populations: isolates from all sources that were resistant only to ampicillin, the drug toward which resistance rates were highest, and a control group of sensitive isolates. Ampicillin resistance was due to a 34-MDa conjugative plasmid. DNA fingerprinting by macrorestriction of genomic DNA revealed two types, A and B, common to both ampicillin-resistant and -sensitive strains, with 80 to 90% of strains being of type A. However, a third type, C, was specific for the sensitive population, representing 17% of those strains. Therefore, although the majority of resistant isolates were genetically related to sensitive ones, there existed a susceptible clone which had not acquired any resistance traits.
Age and Individual Differences in Working Memory: The Size Judgment Span Task

The authors introduced the Size Judgment Span (SJS) task, a working memory measure developed for use with persons of varied educational backgrounds and general intellectual ability. The authors pooled data from 5 published articles where the SJS task and other measures of cognitive performance were administered to create an archival data set with 496 participants. Analyses of these data yielded strong evidence of age and individual ability differences in SJS performance, confirming the sensitivity of this task for empirically distinguishing age and ability groups. The SJS was also significantly correlated with the backward digit span and listening span tasks. Using hierarchical regression analyses, the authors examined the SJS task as a predictor of different forms of episodic memory, including spatial location memory, verbal free recall, and recognition memory. Results confirmed the practical utility and predictive validity of the SJS task. The authors considered implications for current theoretical views of working memory.
How Does the Policy Rate Respond to Output and Prices in Thailand?

This paper attempts to examine how the policy rate as a monetary policy stance reacts to output and price level in Thailand during 2005Q1 and 2016Q2. An empirical relationship that characterizes the way the Bank of Thailand adjusts its policy rate to output growth and inflation is identified. Johansen ointegration technique and VAR methodology are used in the analysis. The results from the cointegration analysis show that there exists a long-run relationship of the policy rate with real GDP and prices. This long-run equation differs from the empirical Taylor-type rule. However, the result from short-run dynamics captures the short-run interest rate equation. The partial adjustment coefficient in the estimated interest rate equation is negative and highly significant, which indicates that any deviation of the policy rate from its equilibrium value is corrected by monetary policy actions. Furthermore, there is long-run causality running from inflation and economic growth to a change in policy rate. In the short run, economic growth negatively causes a change in the policy rate while inflation positively causes a change in the policy rate. Also, impulse response analysis from an unrestricted VAR model indicates that both output growth and inflation shocks cause fluctuation in the policy rate.
The impact of NCAA men’s basketball probations on the quantity and quality of student applications and enrollment

ABSTRACT Collegiate sports programmes have been characterized as the front porch of a university, serving to publicize the institution and draw students to the door. Previous research in this area has indicated a positive correlation between athletic success and the quantity and quality of students attending the university. Conversely, we seek to analyse if athletic malfeasance, as measured by NCAA probations of men’s basketball programmes, negatively affects either the quantity or quality of students at a university. Our findings suggest that while basketball probations do not change the overall quantity of applications nor enrolment at a university, there is a significant adverse impact on the quality of freshman enrolling at the university as measured by Scholastic Aptitude Test scores. Our finding suggests that athletics do indeed serve as a front porch to a university and that athletic sanctions in men’s basketball have a detrimental effect on the average quality of students attending a university.
The Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register

Aim of database The aim of the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register (DHR) is to continuously monitor and improve the quality of treatment of primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) in Denmark. Study population The DHR is a Danish nationwide arthroplasty register established in January 1995. All Danish orthopedic departments – both public and private – report to the register, and registration is compulsory. Main variables The main variables in the register include civil registration number, indication for primary and revision surgery, operation date and side, and postoperative complications. Completeness of primary and revision surgery is evaluated annually and validation of a number of variables has been carried out. Descriptive data A total of 139,525 primary THAs and 22,118 revisions have been registered in the DHR between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2014. Since 1995, completeness of procedure registration has been high, being 97.8% and 92.0% in 2014 for primary THAs and revisions, respectively. Several risk factors, such as comorbidity, age, specific primary diagnosis and fixation types for failure of primary THAs, and postoperative complications, have been identified through the DHR. Approximately 9,000 primary THAs and 1,500 revisions are reported to the register annually. Conclusion The DHR is important for monitoring and improvement of treatment with THA and is a valuable tool for research in THA surgery due to the high quality of prospective collected data with long-term follow-up and high completeness. The register can be used for population-based epidemiology studies of THA surgery and can be linked to a range of other national databases.
Detecting Determinants of Capital Structure

Using a dynamic capital structure model with investments we show that interdependence between profitability and assets creates challenges for empirical studies. Our model reveals that initial leverage explains variation in leverage, but only if the interdependence between the determinants are not accounted for. It also generates a seemingly persistent leverage effect even though we do not include mean reversion or similar elements. We suggest a simple method to address some of the interdependence between determinants. Our empirical analysis shows that profitability, market-to-book, and industry median leverage are important capital structure determinants, but initial leverage is not.
Are US Markets Becoming More Short-Term Oriented? Evidence and Implications of Market Discounting of Firms, 1980-2013

We provide evidence that markets are increasingly discounting firms over the period of 1980-2013. Trends of a market discount factor estimated for publicly traded firms based on a capital asset pricing model are consistent with US markets becoming increasingly short-term oriented. This trend is shown not only on average across firms, but within those firms over time. To corroborate a link with time horizons, we estimate the relationship between market discounting and relevant firm characteristics. Market discounting is correlated in largely expected ways with firm investment behavior as well as firm characteristics that are thought to capture pressures to respond to market preferences on the timing of returns, such as institutional investor behavior, analyst coverage each firm’s earnings response coefficient and the threat of shareholder activism. The time horizon of executive compensation is also correlated with market discounting; firms with more long-term executive compensation are discounted less. With firm level regressions and within sample illustrations, we discuss the implications of our results for firm strategy. This paper represents one of the first attempts to demonstrate market-wide, firm-level evidence of shortening investor time horizons and to reveal how market impatience correlates with firm characteristics. While shortening time horizons may be rational for investors, the impact on firm strategy is less clear. Given links between firm strategy and market preferences forged via stock based compensation, these changing horizons bear important implications for the level and direction of firm investment behavior. (JEL: D22, D92, G23, G32, M21;
Cognitive specificity of anxiety disorders: a review of selected key constructs

Cognitive models of anxiety disorders propose that certain cognitive constructs, that is, underlying beliefs and cognitive processes, may be specific for particular disorders. In this article, we review the specificity of four representative cognitive constructs—anxiety sensitivity, pathological worry, intolerance of uncertainty, and thought–action fusion—for particular disorders. Conceptual overlap, inconsistent definitions, and insufficient consideration of the components of these constructs are limitations of the existing literature. We suggest that the constructs are unlikely to be pathognomonic for any given disorder or to occur in isolation. Rather, the association of each cognitive construct is evident, to varying degrees, with different disorders. Relative to other disorders, anxiety sensitivity is to a certain extent specific for panic disorder, as are pathological worry for generalized anxiety disorder, intolerance of uncertainty for generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder, and thought–action fusion for obsessive–compulsive disorder. We discuss the implications of these findings for diagnostic systems and treatment, and suggest areas for further research. Depression and Anxiety 23:51–61, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB)

Due to growing work-family demands, supervisors need to effectively exhibit family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB). Drawing on social support theory and using data from two samples of lower wage workers, the authors develop and validate a measure of FSSB, defined as behaviors exhibited by supervisors that are supportive of families. FSSB is conceptualized as a multidimensional superordinate construct with four subordinate dimensions: emotional support, instrumental support, role modeling behaviors, and creative work-family management. Results from multilevel confirmatory factor analyses and multilevel regression analyses provide evidence of construct, criterion-related, and incremental validity. The authors found FSSB to be significantly related to work-family conflict, work-family positive spillover, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions over and above measures of general supervisor support.
Attendance and Gender : Impact on Students' Academic Achievement in Public Secondary Schools in Hamisi Sub-County, Kenya

Students’ school attendance stands out as a major factor in student academic achievement. Sporadic attendance leads to transient knowledge retention hence dismal academic results manifested by poor/receding test scores. Similarly, some archaic gender stereotypes and gender bigotry plays to the disadvantage of students’ thus affecting their schooling. This study attempted to analyze the impact of students’ school attendance and gender on students’ academic achievement in public secondary schools in Hamisi sub-county, Kenya. The focus was put on the observed preceding academic achievement of students at secondary school’s KCSE with respect to their scores at primary-level schooling. The study was guided by the following objectives: 1. To determine the effect of students’ school attendance to academic achievement in secondary schools in Hamisi Sub-county and 2. Establish the effect of gender to students’ academic achievement in secondary schools in Hamisi Sub-county. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The target population was 4,295 consisting of 41 Principals, 428 teachers, 3826 students. Simple random sampling was used to select both the teachers and students. Stratified random sampling was used to classify and select schools hence 12 principals. The sample size was 523 respondents consisting of 12 principals, 128 teachers and 383 students. Data collection tools used were structured and unstructured questionnaires, interview schedules and document analysis. Content validity and test re-test techniques were used to validate and test instrument reliability respectively. A Pearson Correlation coefficient of 0.5 provided the benchmark for instrument reliability. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Quantitative data was presented using frequency counts, means and percentages with the aid of the SPSS Version 24.0. Thematic trends were used to analyze qualitative data with presentation done using frequency distribution tables, bar graphs, and pie charts. The study established that: The students’ school attendance was way below acceptable low. Boys’ participation in schooling was higher compared to that of girls. It was recommended that: Secondary schools in Hamisi sub-county should join their programs and routines in a manner that encourages students to attend school. The gender bigotry and stereotypes should be done away with. The government should put in place a clear policy framework to guard against issues that segregate against either gender both at home and school. More emphasis should be placed on the girl child so that they have equal opportunities in schooling with the boy child. To cite this article [Livumbaze, A. G. , & Achoka, S. K. J. (2017). Attendance and Gender: Impact on Students’ Academic Achievement in Public Secondary Schools in Hamisi Sub-County, Kenya. The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences, 3(4), 1826]. (P-ISSN 24129763) (e-ISSN 2412-8937). www.jomenas. org. 4
Ambiguity and equity premium in production economies

We propose a novel one-sector stochastic growth model, where productivity growth follows a Markov-switching process with two regimes, and where households have generalized recursive smooth ambiguity preferences. The adopted class of preferences permits a three-way separation of risk aversion, ambiguity aversion, and the attitude toward intertemporal substitution. Ambiguity averse agents are ambiguous about the probability distribution of productivity growth. We show that in the absence of ambiguity aversion, the presence of a persistent high productivity regime combined with the elasticity of intertemporal substitution being greater than unity cannot generate a sizable risk premium. With a moderate coefficient of relative risk aversion, our model with ambiguity aversion can account for the low volatility of consumption growth observed in the data, and produce a high and volatile equity premium and a low and smooth risk-free rate. In addition, this model is able to generate, albeit weak, long horizon predictability in equity returns. JEL Classification: C61; D81; G11; G12.
Does Teachers' Creativity Impact on Vocational Students' Entrepreneurial Intention?

Teachers’ creativity is an important aspect of entrepreneurship education, to foster entrepreneurial intention. This study aims to investigate the impact of teachers' creativity and entrepreneurship education on vocational student’s entrepreneurial intention. In total, 743 students from Public Vocational Secondary School (SMKN) at DKI Jakarta involved. As a result, three hypotheses were accepted, and one was rejected. This study carried out the findings: first, the teachers' creativity a positive direct impact on entrepreneurship education. Second, the entrepreneurship education a positive direct impact on the entrepreneurial intention. Third, entrepreneurship education mediates the impact of teachers’ creativity on entrepreneurial intention. Meanwhile, the teachers’ creativity did not directly impact on entrepreneurial intention. Although the results of this study found that teachers' creativity has no direct positive effect on entrepreneurship intentions, but can be the first step of further development research, so that the impact of teacher creativity can be felt directly by students.
Influence of the Manipulation of the Polytopic Tensor Product Model Representation on the Control Performance of LMI Based Design

The paper studies the effect of the manipulation of the polytopic TP model representation of a given quasi Linear Parameter Varying (qLPV) state-space model on the control performance results. The investigated model in the case study consists of the extended, Stribeck friction included three degrees of-freedom version of the aero elastic wing section of the Nonlinear Aero elastic Test Apparatus (NATA) model. The investigation is carried out through the Tensor Product (TP) model transformation based Control Design Framework, which bridges the manipulation of the polytopic representation and Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) based control design methods. Different TP model representations of the given qLPV model are derived: a TP model representation with a sum-normalized non-negative (SNNN) convex hull, a TP model representation with a close to-normal (CNO) convex hull and interpolated TP model representations. Upon these representations Linear Matrix Inequality based design methods are applied to attain the controller and observer system components. The resulting control systems are tested through numerical simulation and their performance are compared and evaluated. The paper presents results, where the interpolated representations lead to better control performance results, which indicates, that the manipulation of the polytopic TP model representation may lead to further potential optimization possibilities. Also, this shows, that in order to find the optimal solution the manipulation is a necessary and important step.