Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasma amino acid response after ingestion of different whey protein fractions

Background and objectives The digestion rate of proteins and subsequent absorption of amino acids can independently modulate protein metabolism. The objective of the present study was to examine the blood amino acid response to whey protein isolate (WPI), β-lactoglobulin-enriched WPI, hydrolysed WPI and a flavour-identical control. Methods Eight healthy adults (four female, four male) were recruited (mean±standard error of the mean: age, 27.0±0.76 years; body mass index, 23.2±0.8 kg/cm2) and after an overnight fast consumed 500 ml of each drink, each containing 25g protein, in a cross-over design. Blood was taken at rest and then every 15 min for 2 h post ingestion. Results Ingesting the β-lactoglobulin-enriched WPI drink resulted in significantly greater plasma leucine concentrations at 45–120 min and significantly greater branched-chain amino acid concentrations at 60–105 min post ingestion compared with hydrolysed WPI. No differences were observed between WPI and β-lactoglobulin-enriched WPI, and all protein drinks resulted in elevated blood amino acids compared with flavour-identical control. Conclusions In conclusion, whole proteins resulted in a more rapid absorption of leucine and branched-chain amino acid into the blood compared with the hydrolysed molecular form of whey protein.
Antecedents of Retweeting in a (Political) Marketing Context

Word of mouth disseminates across Twitter by means of retweeting; however, the antecedents of retweeting have not received much attention. We used the chi‐square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree predictive method (Kass, 1980) with readily available Twitter data, and manually coded sentiment and content data, to identify why some tweets are more likely to be retweeted than others in a (political) marketing context. The analysis includes four CHAID models: (1) using message structure variables only, (2) source variables only, (3) message content and sentiment variables only, and (4) a combined model using source, message structure, message content, and sentiment variables. The aggregated predictive model correctly classified retweeting behavior with a 76.7% success rate. Retweeting tends to occur when the originator has a high number of Twitter followers and the sentiment of the tweet is negative, contradicting previous research (East, Hammond, & Wright, 2007 ; Wu, 2013) but concurring with others (Hennig‐Thurau, Wiertz, & Feldhaus, 2014). Additionally, particular types of tweet content are associated with high levels of retweeting, in particular those tweets including fear appeals or expressing support for others, while others are associated with very low levels of retweeting, such as those mentioning the sender's personal life. Managerial implications and research directions are presented. We make a methodological contribution by illustrating how CHAID predictive modeling can be used for Twitter data analysis and a theoretical contribution by providing insights into why retweeting occurs in a (political) marketing context.
The Semantics of Procedures and Diseases in SNOMED® CT

Summary Objectives: SNOMED® CT is emerging as a reference terminology for the entire health care process. It claims to be founded on logic-based modelling principles. In this article, we analyze a special encoding scheme for diseases and procedures in SNOMED® CT, the so-called relationship groups (RGs), which had been devised to avoid ambiguities in definitions. Methods: We reformulate SNOMED® CT’s relationship groups in the format of description logics in order to check whether RGs serve the needs they were designed for. Results: We show that a considerable proportion of relationship groups represent hidden mereological relations. We also report discrepancies encountered between the defined semantics of many SNOMED® CT terms and their intuitive meaning, as well as inconsistencies detected between the definition of various complex composed terms and the definition of their top-level parents. Conclusions: We formulate recommendations for improving SNOMED® CT by replacing most occurrences of relation groups by formally more adequate “part-of” relations.
Agreement-seeking behavior, trust, and cognitive diversity in strategic decision making teams: Process conflict as a moderator

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of three important group process variables, namely, agreement-seeking behavior, group trust, and cognitive diversity, on decision outcomes. In addition, it seeks to examine the role of process conflict as a moderator in the relationship between agreement-seeking behavior and team effectiveness; agreement-seeking behavior and decision commitment; cognitive diversity and team effectiveness; and cognitive diversity and decision commitment. Design/methodology/approach - Using a structured survey instrument, this paper gathered data from 160 students enrolled in a strategic management capstone course that features strategic decision making in a simulated business strategy game. The data from 41 teams were collected from the student population using a carefully administered instrument, and the data were aggregated only after appropriate inter-rater agreement tests were run. Findings - Results show that the group process variables are positively related to decision outcomes. The data support the view that process conflict acts as a moderator in the relationship between agreement-seeking behavior and team effectiveness and decision commitment. Further, the results support that cognitive diversity has a positive impact on decision commitment and team effectiveness. Process conflict, which acts as a deterrent, is outweighed by the presence of agreement-seeking behavior. Research limitations/implications - Since the present research is based on self-report measures, the limitations of social desirability bias and common method bias are inherent. However, sufficient care is taken to minimize these limitations. The research has implications for both the conflict management and strategic decision-making process literatures. Practical implications - This study contributes to both practicing managers and the strategic management literature. The study suggests that administrators should select those teams who are prone to agreement-seeking behavior; and team members who trust one another. Administrators need not unduly avoid process conflict because diversity in opinions and thinking and agreement-seeking behavior outweigh the negative effects of process conflict. Social implications - The findings from the study will be useful for creating congenial social environment in the organizations. Originality/value - This study provides new insights about the previously unknown effects of process conflict in strategic decision-making process.
A New Monoclonal Antibody, TRPM‐3, Binds Specifically to Certain Rat Macrophage Populations: Immunohistochemical and Immunoelectron Microscopic Analysis

An anti‐macrophage monoclonal antibody designated TRPM‐3 was produced using thioglycollate‐elicited rat peritoneal macrophages as immunogen. By the immunoper‐oxidase method, TRPM‐3 was found to be specific for certain macrophage populations, such as marginal zone macrophages and marginal metallophils of the spleen, sinus macrophages of the lymph nodes, and omentum macrophages. No epithelial cells, peripheral blood monocytes, granulocytes, or lymphocytes had reacted with TRPM‐3. Immunoelectron microscopically, reaction to TRPM‐3 was clearly demonstrated on the plasma membrane of splenic marginal zone macrophages, lymphatic sinus macrophages, omentum macrophages, and peritoneal macrophages. Accordingly, TRPM‐3 was considered to have recognized the particular membrane antigen expressed by restricted macrophage populations.
A Unified Valuation Framework for Variance Swaps under Non-Affine Stochastic Volatility Models

In this article, we investigate the pricing and convergence of general non-affine non-Gaussian GARCH-based variance swap prices. Explicit solutions for fair strike prices under two different sampling schemes are derived using the extended Girsanov principle as our pricing kernel candidate. Following standard assumptions on the time-varying GARCH parameters, we show that these quantities converge to discretely and continuously sampled variance swaps constructed based on the weak diffusion limit of the underlying GARCH model. An empirical study which relies on a joint estimation using both historical returns and VIX data indicates that an asymmetric heavier-tailed distribution is more appropriate for modelling the GARCH innovations. Finally, we provide several numerical exercises to support our theoretical convergence results in which we investigate the effect of the quadratic variation approximation for the realized variance, as well as the impact of discrete versus continuous-time modelling of asset returns.
Improved capture of Drosophila suzukii by a trap baited with two attractants in the same device

The improvement of trap-lure combinations is an important part of integrated pest management programs that involve monitoring pests for timely insecticide applications, or for their use in control strategies such as mass trapping or bait stations. In this study improvements in the capture of Drosophila suzukii were not observed following the inclusion of different color stimuli with respect to a red-black stripe cup trap. This red-black stripe trap with a hemispherical dome-shaped lid had a significantly improved physical retention of flies compared to traps fitted with a flat lid. Retention was further improved when an additional tube device, which could be baited with a supplemental attractant, was introduced through the dome-shaped lid. Under laboratory conditions, this trap, in which apple cider vinegar + 10% ethanol was present as the drowning solution and the additional tube device was baited with a fermenting mixture of sugar and yeast, was significantly more effective in catching D. suzukii flies than other conventional attractants or a commercial lure. The capture rate of this trap-lure combination remained higher than that of a commercial lure, even after 20 days of use under laboratory conditions. In a guava orchard this trap was 15-fold more effective in catching D. suzukii flies than similar traps baited with apple cider vinegar alone, 4 to 7 fold more effective than similar traps baited with a commercial lure, and 1.7-fold more effective than a fermenting mixture of yeasts and wheat flour. In commercial blackberry orchards, this trap was 6-fold more effective in trapping D. suzukii flies than the clear trap baited with apple cider vinegar used by growers. The efficacy of this trap presents a promising line of future research for monitoring and control of D. suzukii and likely other drosophilid pests.
Singapore and Sydney: Regulation and Market-Making

The different institutional forms of water utilities of Singapore and Sydney provide an interesting natural experiment on the role of a regulator in government-owned utilities (GOUs). In both cities, water is provided by GOUs. In Sydney, however, there is an independent regulator whereas in Singapore the Public Utilities Board is a statutory board without a regulator. This paper compared the regulation and market-making efforts by water utilities of Singapore and Sydney. We find that both are similar in quality of service, operational and economic efficiencies, and private sector investments. The difference lies in their choice of the instrument for involving the private sector. Sydney does this by appointing a specific regulator whereas Singapore uses contracts. Indeed, it argues that the government-owned water utilities of both Sydney and Singapore seek to capture as many benefits as possible from market-making efforts, that is, from mimicking private sector behaviors and by operating from the basic tenets of the regulatory state. Both countries seek to make rules addressing the “market failure” of a monopoly. In Sydney, such efforts are seen in the explicit contestability of the market and the high engagement with customers whereas in Singapore the efforts are more muted on both counts and are instead motivated toward developing water businesses as a whole
Flow cytometric S-phase fraction measurement in breast carcinoma: Influence of software and histogram resolution.

BACKGROUND S-phase fraction (SPF) measurement by flow cytometry is a clinically useful prognostic factor in patients with breast carcinoma. Standardized SPF determination is essential. As part of a multicenter study, we evaluated the influence of the choice of software and histogram resolution (256, 512, or 1,024 channels) on SPF quantification. METHODS One hundred thirty-three DNA histograms were analyzed in three laboratories with Modfit 5.2, Modfit LT, and Multicycle AV software. Strict rules for histogram interpretation and software management were applied. The following five options were compared: MF 5.2 1024, MF 5.2 256, MF LT 256, MC AV 256, and MC AV 512. RESULTS In the DNA diploid and aneuploid groups, SPF distributions were not statistically different among the five options. Excellent quantitative correlations were obtained between pairs of options. When using tertiles as cutpoints for SPF classification, concordance rates ranged from 79.7% to 93.2% for DNA diploid samples and from 87.8% to 95.9% for DNA aneuploid samples, the best results being obtained with software working with a similar histogram resolution. CONCLUSIONS Standardized use of commercially available software, including the choice of histogram resolution, provides comparable SPF results.
Technologically Mediated Discourse and Information Exchange through Medium Specific Syntactical Features: The 2012 Presidential Election on Twitter

Technologically Mediated Discourse and Information Exchange through Medium Specific Syntactical Features: The 2012 Presidential Election On Twitter Christopher M. Mascaro Political discourse has been historically constrained by geographic proximity of participants. The introduction of the Internet and specifically social media has altered these geographic constraints and political discourse is now one of the most prevalent activities in social media. The increasing use of technology to acquire political information and participate in the political process in the United States creates a gap between what is understood about political activity in a democratic society and the specific technological features people use. As more individuals begin to use technology for political activity, understanding how the technology is used becomes increasingly important. Previous research exploring political discourse on social media has focused on one discrete event or a narrow time period. This narrow focus limits the understanding of the complex environment that comprises an election. This study takes a longitudinal approach and uses network analysis, co-occurrence analysis and temporal frequency analysis to examine a 53 million Twitter message (tweet) corpus collected during the 2012 Presidential Election (August 20, 2012 – November 13, 2012) to understand how individuals use Twitter to engage in political discourse. The queries used to compose the dataset were theoretically informed based on democratic theory and previous socio-technical research. This study makes three contributions to the existing literature. First, this study identifies that individuals use syntactical features differently in the context of an acute event such as a debate. Second, this study indicates that, although candidates and media are the most talked about and talked to, these interactions elicit no response. Third, this study reveals that information shared through URLs was predominantly user-generated content from Twitter and mass media information suggesting a reflexive information-sharing environment. This study illustrates that even with the availability of the numerous technological and syntactical features to facilitate interactions and share information, there is still a limited realization of the promise that technologies such as Twitter afford. Instead of fundamentally changing the political discourse process by having individuals use it for two-way communication, Twitter amplifies the existing political environment where there is limited cohesive discourse and communication is one-way.
The Freemium Effect: Why Consumers Perceive More Value with Free than with Premium Offers

Continuous evolution of digital technology not only changes the way people communicate, it also fundamentally alters how companies generate revenue. Services like Dropbox, Skype, LinkedIn or Spotify successfully implement the freemium business model of concurrent free and priced premium versions. This paper will investigate the consequences of offering basic features for free. Based on research complementing the relationship between quality and price, the following provides evidence for an inversed “freemium” effect. Free services provide more value than premium services, not less. Results from a set of experimental studies show that consumers perceive fewer sacrifices and more benefits with free rather than premium offers. Consequently, decision-making variables (value, intention, and willingness to pay) favor the free versions. Implications for practice and research are provided building upon these results.
Microscopic wetting phenomena.

Molecular-dynamics calculations have been used to investigate wetting phenomena on a microscopic length scale. The model systems consist of 90 water molecules on either hydrophobic or hydrophilic surfaces formed by monolayers of long-chain molecules with terminal -CH 3 or -OH groups. As in experiment, these two surfaces exhibit qualitatively different wetting behavior which is characterized by a microscopic analog of the contact angle
Hyposialylation of Integrins Stimulates the Activity of Myeloid Fibronectin Receptors*

Despite numerous reports suggesting that β1 integrin receptors undergo differential glycosylation, the potential role of N-linked carbohydrates in modulating integrin function has been largely ignored. In the present study, we find that β1 integrins are differentially glycosylated during phorbol ester (PMA)-stimulated differentiation of myeloid cells along the monocyte/macrophage lineage. PMA treatment of two myeloid cell lines, U937 and THP-1, induces a down-regulation in expression of the ST6Gal I sialyltransferase. Correspondingly, the β1 integrin subunit becomes hyposialylated, suggesting that the β1 integrin is a substrate for this enzyme. The expression of hyposialylated β1 integrin isoforms is temporally correlated with enhanced binding of myeloid cells to fibronectin, and, importantly, fibronectin binding is inhibited when the Golgi disrupter, brefeldin A, is used to block the expression of the hyposialylated form. Consistent with the observation that cells with hyposialylated integrins are more adhesive to fibronectin, we demonstrate that the enzymatic removal of sialic acid residues from purified α5β1integrins stimulates fibronectin binding by these integrins. These data support the hypothesis that unsialylated β1 integrins are more adhesive to fibronectin, although desialylation of α5 subunits could also contribute to increased fibronectin binding. Collectively our results suggest a novel mechanism for regulation of the β1 integrin family of cell adhesion receptors.
Paenalcaligenes hermetiae sp. nov., isolated from the larval gut of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), and emended description of the genus Paenalcaligenes.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile and short rod-shaped bacterium, strain KBL009(T), was isolated from the larval gut of Hermetia illucens. Strain KBL009(T) grew optimally at 37 °C, at pH 6.0 and with 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KBL009(T) showed 97.6 % similarity to that of Paenalcaligenes hominis CCUG 53761A(T) indicating its classification with the genus Paenalcaligenes. The major fatty acids were cyclo-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and summed feature 2 (comprising C14 : 0 3-OH/iso-C16 : 1). The respiratory quinones were ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), predominating, and a minor amount of Q-7. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown aminolipid and five unknown polar lipids. The polyamine pattern contained predominantly putrescine and relatively high amounts of spermidine. The betaproteobacterial-specific 2-hydroxyputrescine could only be detected in trace amounts. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 56.1 mol%. Results from DNA-DNA hybridization with P. hominis KCTC 23583(T) unambiguously demonstrated that strain KBL009(T) represents a novel species in the genus Paenalcaligenes. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characterization, the novel species Paenalcaligenes hermetiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KBL009(T) ( = KACC 16840(T) = JCM 18423(T)). An emended description of the genus Paenalcaligenes is also provided.
Language Ideologies in Danish Higher Education

This chapter presents a qualitative analysis of attitudes towards different forms of English held by four students at an international study programme in Denmark. The students belong to a transient multilingual community in which historically-accrued language ideologies cannot necessarily be assumed to be shared by all members. Our analysis suggests that the students see competence and effectiveness as important parameters in their evaluation of different forms of English in the university context, irrespective of the provenance of the speaker, but they also subscribe to familiar language ideologies that favour ‘native’ English varieties and accents over other kinds of English. This could be seen as a contradiction between practice and ideology, but we argue that the contradiction is only apparent.
Psychosis with good prognosis in Afro-Caribbean people now living in the United Kingdom

Abstract Objectives: To compare the course and outcome of psychotic illness in a group of Afro-Caribbean patients resident in the United Kingdom and a group of white British patients. Design: Cohort study of consecutive admissions followed up for four years. Subjects: 113 patients with psychotic illness of recent onset admitted to two south London hospitals. Main outcome measures: Course of illness, history of self harm, social disability, treatment received, and hospital use adjusted for socioeconomic origin. Results: The Afro-Caribbean group spent more time in a recovered state during the follow up period (adjusted odds ratio 5.0; 95% confidence interval 1.7 to 14.5), were less likely to have had a continuous illness (0.3; 0.1 to 0.8), were less at risk of self harm (0.2; 0.1 to 0.8), and were less likely to have been prescribed antidepressant treatment (0.3; 0.1 to 0.9). There were no differences in hospital use, but the Afro-Caribbean group had more involuntary admissions (8.9; 2.1 to 35.6) and more imprisonments over the follow up period (9.2; 1.6 to 52.3). Conclusions: Afro-Caribbean patients in the United Kingdom have a better outcome after psychiatric illness than do white people. The combination of high incidence and more benign course of illness of psychotic illness in this group may be due, at least in part, to a greater exposure to precipitants in the social environment.