Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Late Cytoplasmic Maturation of the Small Ribosomal Subunit Requires RIO Proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT Numerous nonribosomal trans-acting factors involved in pre-rRNA processing have been characterized, but few of them are specifically required for the last cytoplasmic steps of 18S rRNA maturation. We have recently demonstrated that Rrp10p/Rio1p is such a factor. By BLAST analysis, we identified the product of a previously uncharacterized essential gene, YNL207W/RIO2, called Rio2p, that shares 43% sequence similarity with Rrp10p/Rio1p. Rio2p homologues were identified throughout the Archaea and metazoan species. We show that Rio2p is a cytoplasmic-nuclear protein and that its depletion blocks 18S rRNA production, leading to 20S pre-rRNA accumulation. In situ hybridization reveals that in Rio2p-depleted cells, 20S pre-rRNA localizes in the cytoplasm, demonstrating that its accumulation is not due to an export defect. We also show that both Rio1p and Rio2p accumulate in the nucleus of crm1-1 cells at the nonpermissive temperature. Nuclear as well as cytoplasmic Rio2p and Rio1p cosediment with pre-40S particles. These results strongly suggest that Rio2p and Rrp10p/Rio1p are shuttling proteins which associate with pre-40S particles in the nucleus and they are not necessary for export of the pre-40S complexes but are absolutely required for the cytoplasmic maturation of 20S pre-rRNA at site D, leading to mature 40S ribosomal subunits.
Randomized phase III study of gemcitabine-cisplatin versus etoposide-cisplatin in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE We conducted a randomized trial to compare gemcitabine-cisplatin with etoposide-cisplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The primary end point of the comparison was response rate. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 135 chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced NSCLC were randomized to receive either gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) days 1 and 8 or etoposide 100 mg/m2 IV days 1 to 3 along with cisplatin 100 mg/m2 IV day 1. Both treatments were administered in 21-day cycles. One hundred thirty-three patients were included in the intent-to-treat analysis of response. RESULTS The response rate (externally validated) for patients given gemcitabine-cisplatin was superior to that for patients given etoposide-cisplatin (40.6% v 21.9%; P = .02). This superior response rate was associated with a significant delay in time to disease progression (6.9 months v 4.3 months; P = .01) without an impairment in quality of life (QOL). There was no statistically significant difference in survival time between both arms (8.7 months for gemcitabine-cisplatin v 7.2 months for etoposide-cisplatin; P = .18). The overall toxicity profile for both combinations of drugs was similar. Nausea and vomiting were reported more frequently in the gemcitabine arm than in the etoposide arm. However, the difference was not significant. Gemcitabine-cisplatin produced less grade 3 alopecia (13% v 51%) and less grade 4 neutropenia (28% v 56% ) but more grade 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia (56% v 13%) than did etoposide-cisplatin. However, there were no thrombocytopenia-related complications in the gemcitabine arm. CONCLUSION Compared with etoposide-cisplatin, gemcitabine-cisplatin provides a significantly higher response rate and a delay in disease progression without impairing QOL in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Non-invasive in vivo detection of peripheral limb ischemia improvement in the rat after adipose tissue-derived stromal cell transplantation.

BACKGROUND Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) might help repair ischemic cardiovascular tissue. Their in vivo effects on the bioenergetics and microcirculation of ischemic muscle through a variety of non-invasive techniques was examined. METHODS AND RESULTS Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was induced in 42 rats. One day after femoral artery ligation, 6 rats per group were randomly injected with intramuscularly allogeneic ADSCs (10(6)-10(7)-10(8) cells/ml), conditioned media from ADSC cultures (conditioned media [CM], control), saline (control), allogeneic fibroblasts (10(7) cells/ml, control) or a non-conditioned medium (control). Rats underwent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), short-time inversion recovery (STIR) edema-weighed imaging, proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS), thermal infrared imaging (IRI), immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analysis on both hindlimbs for 4 weeks. MRA and STIR documented arterial occlusion and ischemia, respectively. Muscle (1)H-MRS and IRI showed reductions of total creatine (tCr)/water and skin temperature in occluded hind limbs, respectively. At 4 weeks, the ADSC and CM groups had greater recovery of skin temperature and tCr/water in ischemic limbs compared with controls (P<0.01), with increased expression of α-sarcomeric actinin and vascular growth factors, such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), increased vessel density (capillaries, arterioles and venules) and less type III collagen. CONCLUSIONS Allogeneic ADSCs improve ischemic muscle metabolism, increase neovasculogenesis and decrease fibrosis, largely through a paracrine mechanism. (1)H-MRS and IRI are useful tools to monitor attempts at salvaging the ischemic tissues with cell-derived novel therapies.
The Wellcome Trust Lecture: Infection and disease in lymphatic filariasis: an immunological perspective

SUMMARY The basic tenet of the immunological perspective of fuiarial disease is that differential immune responsiveness among individuals exposed to infection results in the different clinical manifestations that develop. The mechanisms involved in this differential responsiveness appear to reflect different T-cell cytokine response patterns. Asymptomatic patients with the clinically silent presentation of ‘asymptomatic microfilaraemia’, who have been previously described as being ‘immunosuppressed’ with respect to their generating pro-inflammatory (Th1-type) immune responses to parasite antigen, are now recognized to be fully responsive to parasite antigen but to produce cytokines and mediators that have primarily anti-inflammatory (Th2-like) effects. Studies with immunodeficient mice have indicated the existence of two alternative pathways to the development of lymphatic pathology: one dependent on the induction of inflammatory reactions by the host immune response, the other entirely independent of the immune system and reflecting the direct actions of the parasite or its products on the lymphatics. As histopathology of affected human lymphatics is consistent with this hypothesis, it may be that the lymphatic pathology seen normally in the amicrofilaraemic, highly immunoresponsive infected patients derives from inflammation induced by immune responses to parasite antigen, whereas the lymphatic pathology sometimes seen coexisting with the ‘immunosuppressed’ state of asymptomatic microfilaraemia actually reflects lymphatic damage that is not immunologically mediated. Though little information exists about the ‘natural history’ of lymphatic filariasis, there is no evidence for an inevitable progression from one clinical form to another. Instead, there appears to be a definite plasticity in the response that depends on prior (? pre-natal) and current exposure to the parasite as well as on the immunomodulatory effects it induces. This plasticity does not appear to be complete, however, as there is no evidence that a chronically infected host who has developed strong pro-inflammatory immune responses can subsequently become sufficiently ‘down-regulated’ to support an asymptomatic microfilaraemia type of infection. Another possible constraint to the plasticity of the clinical and immunological responses may be the genetic determination of certain unusual syndromes, such as tropical pulmonary eosinophilia or TPE, though this hypothesis remains to be proven.
Effects of Background Music on Phonological Short-Term Memory

Immediate memory for visually presented verbal material is disrupted by concurrent speech, even when the speech is unattended and in a foreign language. Unattended noise does not produce a reliable decrement. These results have been interpreted in terms of a phonological short-term store that excludes non-speechlike sounds. The characteristics of this exclusion process were explored by studying the effects of music on the serial recall of sequences of nine digits presented visually. Experiment 1 compared the effects of unattended vocal or instrumental music with quiet and showed that both types of music disrupted STM performance, with vocal music being more disruptive than instrumental music. Experiment 2 attempted to replicate this result using more highly trained subjects. Vocal music caused significantly more disruption than instrumental music, which was not significantly worse than the silent control condition. Experiment 3 compared instrumental music with unattended speech and with noise modulated in amplitude, the degree of modulation being the same as in speech. The results showed that the noise condition did not differ from silence; both of these proved less disruptive than instrumental music, which was in turn less disruptive than the unattended speech condition. Theoretical interpretation of these results and their potential practical implications for the disruption of cognitive performance by background music are discussed.
[Markers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with iodine induced hyperthyroidism].

INTRODUCTION It has been reported that hyperthyroidism is associated with an altered endothelial function and increased risk of arterial thromboembolism. The aim of our study was to estimate chosen markers of endothelial dysfunction in iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis (IIT). MATERIALS AND METHODS The groups studied consisted of 41 hyperthyroid subjects, who had been treated with amiodarone (n = 6) or vitamin preparations supplemented with iodine (n = 35) and 40 persons with normal thyroid function. The following parameters were measured: thyroglobulin antibodies (TG Ab), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO Ab), THS receptor antibodies (TR Ab), soluble adhesion molecules: sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1, von Willebrand factor (vWF), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and urine iodine concentration. RESULTS Patients with IIT had significantly higher levels of sVCAM-1 (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.005), fibrinogen (p < 0.005) and CRP (p < 0.05) in comparison to healthy subjects, whereas sICAM-1, PAI-1 and vWF concentrations did not differ between the groups studied. The highest sVCAM-1 levels were observed in patients with amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis, and fibrinogen and CRP--in subjects receiving vitamin preparations. There were significant correlations between sVCAM-1 concentration and the levels of sICAM-1 (r = 0.341; p = 0.029) and PAI-1 (r = 0.347; p = 0.026), as well as with urine iodine concentration (r = 0.448; p = 0.004). IL-6 concentration correlated with vWF (r = 0.456; p = 0.003), TPO Ab (r = 0.328; p = 0.036) and PAI-1 level (r = 0.319; p = 0.042). CONCLUSION Iodine induced thyrotoxicosis is associated with an increase of sVCAM-1 and IL-6 levels, possibly reflecting inflammatory and destructive processes in the thyroid gland. However, increased procoagulant activity was not found in patients with IIT.
Gender Differences in the Associations of Self Esteem, Stress and Social Support with Functional Health Status Among Older Adults with Heart Disease

ABSTRACT This study explored and compared the role of self esteem, stress and social support in maintenance or improvement in physical and psychosocial functioning over 12 months in older men and women with cardiovascular disease. Data from 502 adults over 60 years of age showed that self esteem and stress were both significantly associated with functioning when demographic and clinical factors were controlled. Men were significantly more likely than women to maintain or improve in functioning. Self esteem, stress, compliance with medication regimens, and marital status were significantly associated with maintenance or improvement of functioning among women. Only age and stress were significantly associated with maintenance or improvement in functioning among men. Findings indicated that: (1) stress and self esteem were stronger predictors of functioning, especially among women, than demographic and clinical factors; and (2) women in the highest quartile of the self esteem distribution were approximately five times as likely to maintain or improve their functioning as women in the lowest quartile.
The Time Course of Grammaticality Judgement

The results of three experiments which investigated the time course of grammaticality judgement are presented. We used sentences that varied in error type (agreement, transposition, omission of function words), part of speech (auxiliaries vs determiners) and location (early vs late error placement). Experiment 1 was a word-by-word cloze experiment in which subjects were presented with successively longer fragments of a sentence and instructed to complete the sentence grammatically, if possible. Experiment 2 was a self-paced, word-by-word grammaticality judgement experiment. The results of both experiments are quite similar, showing that some error types elicit a broad and variable “decision region" instead of a more punctate ”decision point". To explore the implications of this finding, Experiment 3 looked at on-line judgements of the same stimuli in an RSVP paradigm, with a single response (and reaction time). Correlations among the three experiments were extremely high and all significant, suggesting th.
Derivation and estimation of a new Keynesian Phillips curve in a small open economy

In recent years, it has become increasingly common to estimate New Keynesian Phillips curves with a measure of rms real marginal cost as the real driving variable. It has been argued that this measure is both theoretically and empirically superior to the traditional output gap. In this paper, a marginal-cost based New Keynesian Phillips curve is estimated on Swedish data by means of GMM and Full Information Maximum Likelihood. The results show that with real marginal cost in the structural equation the point estimates generally have the exptected positive sign, which is less frequently the case using the output gap in the Phillips curve equation. This suggests that real marginal cost might be a more adequate real explanatory variable for Swedish ination than the output gap. However, standard errors in the estimations are large and it is in fact di¢ cult to pin down a statistically signi cant relationship between either real marginal cost or the output gap and ination. Keywords: Ination, New Keynesian Phillips curve, Real marginal cost, Small Open Economy, GMM, Full Information Maximum Likelihood. JEL Classi cation numbers: E31, E32, C22. I gratefully acknowledge help from Jesper Lindé. Without his insightful guidance and support, this paper would never have been nished. Jesper was always willing to help me with theoretical issues, econometrical problems as well as handson Gauss programming. I would also like to thank Martin Flodén and Malin Adolfson for helpful comments and suggestions. Any remaining errors are of course mine. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and should not be interpreted as reecting the views of the Executive Board of Sveriges Riksbank. yMonetary Policy Department, Sveriges Riksbank, 103 37 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: Karolina.Holmberg@riksbank.se
The Spatial Distribution of Inhibition of Return

Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to the finding that response times (RTs) are typically slower for targets at previously attended (cued) locations than for targets at novel (uncued) locations. Although previous research has indicated that IOR may spread beyond a cued location, the present study is the first to examine the spatial distribution of IOR with high spatial resolution over a large portion of the central visual field. This was done by using a typical IOR procedure (cue, delay, target) with 4 cue locations and 441 target locations (each separated by 1° of visual angle). The results indicate that IOR spreads beyond the cued location to affect the cued hemifield. However, the cues also produced a gradient of RTs throughout the visual field, with inhibition in the cued hemifield gradually giving way to facilitation in the hemifield opposite the cue.
On Teaching

This fall’s Reflecting on Teaching Colloquium revolves around “The Future of Higher Education. ” I began thinking about this subject after a heated discussion in the Alice T. Clark Mentoring program two years ago. Attending an AAC&U national conference a few months earlier, I heard Ken O’Donnell, who works in Academic Affairs at the Office of the Chancellor of the California State University (CSU), give a keynote entitled “Betting on Gravity. ” Addressing higher education in the context of the changing nature of society, culture, work, and technology, Ken gave an engaging and thought provoking presentation that incorporated both a historical perspective and current data. Ken’s rich analysis of demographic and economic trends that influence university decision making—and therefore have a direct impact on teaching and student learning—was thought-provoking. I brought some of his findings back to the mentoring group, and was startled by the strong reactions new faculty had to the developments that Ken documented. We need, I realized, to have more conversations about where higher education as an “industry” (a term that led to some contention in our ATC discussion) is headed and how that reality affects our classrooms and our professional lives.
Sex Differences in the Expression of Drug-Metabolizing and Transporter Genes in Human Liver

Human sex differences in the gene expression of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs) introduce differences in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, possibly affecting drug efficacy and adverse reactions. However, existing studies aimed at identifying dimorphic expression differences of DMET genes are limited by sample size and the number of genes profiled. Focusing on a list of 374 DMET genes, we analyzed a previously published gene expression data set consisting of human male (n=234) and female (n=193) liver samples, and identified 77 genes showing differential expression due to sex. To delineate the biological functionalities and regulatory mechanisms for the differentially expressed DMET genes, we conducted a co-expression network analysis. Moreover, clinical implications of sex differences in the expression of human hepatic DMETs are discussed. This study may contribute to the realization of personalized medicine by better understanding the inter-individual differences between males and females in drug/xenobiotic responses and human disease susceptibilities.
Nitrous oxide analgesia. What is a safe level of exposure for the dental staff?

One of the major challenges of clinical dentistry is the management of pain and anxiety. The two are closely related. Fear of dental treatment is often the result of inadequate pain control. Pain control is most commonly achieved with local anesthesia. Nevertheless, Weinstein et al1 reported the incidence of failure of local anesthesia to be as high as 26.4%; 13% of patients reported the absence of anesthesia for tooth preparation; and 2.2% of patients reported they were unable to tolerate treatment. They suggested that fear was correlated with anesthetic failure.
The Relationship between Parental Abuse and Psychological Safety of the Children at the City of Amman and the Central Valleys of Jordan.

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of parental abuse and psychological security of the child, as well as the degree differences of these variables, based on the gender, the age and place of residency. The aim of this study also was to detect the relationship between parental abuse and the psychological security of the child. The sample consisted of (207) children aged between (5-10) years, living in the city of Amman and Central Ghor Valleys in Jordan. The validity and reliability of the scales were ensured, as “T” test and means were used in this study. The study findings concluded the following: The degree of parental abuse, physical and emotional, was medium. The degree of psychological security was high. There were statistical significant differences in physical, emotional and total abuse due to place of residency toward children at the Central Ghor Valleys in addition to the children at the city of Amman in security factor. There was negative and significant relationship between parental, and psychological abuse.
GAIA: Composition, formation and evolution of the Galaxy

The GAIA astrometric mission has recently been approved as one of thenext two ``cornerstones'' of ESA's science programme, with a launch datetarget of not later than mid-2012. GAIA will provide positional andradial velocity measurements with the accuracies needed to produce astereoscopic and kinematic census of about one billion stars throughoutour Galaxy (and into the Local Group), amounting to about 1 percent ofthe Galactic stellar population. GAIA's main scientific goal is toclarify the origin and history of our Galaxy, from a quantitative censusof the stellar populations. It will advance questions such as when thestars in our Galaxy formed, when and how it was assembled, and itsdistribution of dark matter. The survey aims for completeness to V=20mag, with accuracies of about 10 mu as at 15 mag. Combined withastrophysical information for each star, provided by on-boardmulti-colour photometry and (limited) spectroscopy, these data will havethe precision necessary to quantify the early formation, and subsequentdynamical, chemical and star formation evolution of our Galaxy.Additional products include detection and orbital classification of tensof thousands of extra-Solar planetary systems, and a comprehensivesurvey of some 105-106 minor bodies in our SolarSystem, through galaxies in the nearby Universe, to some 500 000 distantquasars. It will provide a number of stringent new tests of generalrelativity and cosmology. The complete satellite system was evaluated aspart of a detailed technology study, including a detailed payloaddesign, corresponding accuracy assesments, and results from a prototypedata reduction development. (Less)