Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An examination of general and specific motivational mechanisms for the relations between body dissatisfaction and eating behaviors

Abstract The purpose of this study was to test a model of the regulation of eating behaviors that could help to better understand the processes by which body dissatisfaction could be either associated with dysfunctional eating behaviors or with healthy eating behaviors. Based on Self–Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2000, it appears that women's general level of self–determination in life may help protect against pressures about body image and endorsement of society's beliefs about thinness and obesity. Findings also suggest that women's general level of self–determination is positively associated with an autonomous regulation of eating behaviors (AREB) and negatively associated with a controlled regulation of eating behaviors (CREB). In turn, the AREB is positively associated with healthy eating while CREB is positively associated with dysfunctional eating. Overall, it appears that body dissatisfaction resulting from pressures about body image and endorsement of society's beliefs abo.
Production of protein concentrate and isolate from cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L. ) nut

The study evaluated methods of producing protein concentrates and isolates from cashew nut in order to increase the global utilization of cashew nut and increase the availability of affordable, good quality protein for people. Cashew nuts were processed to obtain roasted cashew kernel. The roasted cashew kernels were processed into powder by cold solvent extraction of the fat in the cashew meal. Proximate composition of the cashew nut and meal were determined to ascertain the protein content of the cashew nut. The extraction of the proteins was done using two different methods based on the known methods of production of protein isolate and concentrate from other plant sources (peanut), since there are no familiar methods for the production of protein isolate and concentrate from cashew nut. The protein isolates were obtained by an alkaline extraction-isoelectric precipitation method, which involved aqueous alkaline extraction of the proteins at low temperature, and isoelectric precipitation of the protein fractions; the protein concentrates were obtained using an alkaline extraction-methanol precipitation method, which involved aqueous alkaline extraction of the proteins at low temperature, and alcoholic precipitation of the protein fractions. Extraction ratios of 1:5 and 1:10, extraction pH of 7.0 and 9.0, and isoelectric precipitation at pH of 3.5 and 4.5 were used to obtain eight cashew protein fractions of different protein contents (44.4 to 99.8%) and different protein yields (48.3 to 98.9%) from the use of the isoelectric precipitation methods. Similarly, using the methanol precipitation method, extraction ratio of 1:5 and 1:10, pH of 7.0 and 9.0, and concentrations of methanol of 70% and 80%, were used to obtain eight cashew protein fractions of varying protein contents (64 to 89%), and protein yields (52.1 to 88.2%). Protein contents of the cashew protein fractions were determined using 2-D Quant kit method, while the protein yields were calculated using the weight of the protein fractions obtained from the cashew meal of known weight. From the results of the protein content analysis of the protein fractions and according to the CODEX Standard, it was demonstrated that, cashew nut protein isolate (99.8% protein content), and, cashew nut protein concentrate of varying protein contents could be obtained from the isoelectric precipitation method, while only protein concentrate was obtained using the methanol precipitation method. Key words: Cashew Nut, Protein, Isolate, Concentrate
Fostering Civil Society to Build Institutions: Why and When

We revisit the ubiquitous claim that aiding civil society improves institutional outcomes. In our model, a vibrant civil society initiates public debate in a reform process that would otherwise be dominated by partisan interest groups and politicians. By altering the incentives of interest groups submitting institutional reforms, civil society involvement sometimes solves adverse selection problems that arise because interest groups are better informed than politicians. Because aid increases the cost to the politician of excluding civil society, it affects institution-building. We show that the welfare implications of fostering civil society critically depend on the specifics of local politics, thereby casting new light on the experience of civil society aid in post-communist and developing countries. Our analysis uncovers a particularly disturbing instance of the tragedy that aid can be counter-productive where institutions are poor. An empirical application shows how the impact of civil society aid varies with the level of democracy.
Properties of the Katugampola fractional derivative with potential application in quantum mechanics

Katugampola [e-print arXiv:1410.6535] recently introduced a limit based fractional derivative, Dα (referred to in this work as the Katugampola fractional derivative) that maintains many of the familiar properties of standard derivatives such as the product, quotient, and chain rules. Typically, fractional derivatives are handled using an integral representation and, as such, are non-local in character. The current work starts with a key property of the Katugampola fractional derivative, Dα[y]=t1−αdydt, and the associated differential operator, Dα = t1−αD1. These operators, their inverses, commutators, anti-commutators, and several important differential equations are studied. The anti-commutator serves as a basis for the development of a self-adjoint operator which could potentially be useful in quantum mechanics. A Hamiltonian is constructed from this operator and applied to the particle in a box model.
Review of the Repeated Bout Effect in Trained and Untrained men

High intensity exercise and especially eccentric contractions, produce muscle damage that can be demonstrated by indirect markers such as changes in neuromuscular performance, increased intramuscular proteins in the bloodstream, and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). On the other hand, when exercise sessions are performed repeatedly there is a reduction in the responses of indirect markers of muscle damage, a phenomenon known as the protective effect (repeated bouts effect; RBE). A mong the adaptive mechanisms involved in RBE are neural, cellu lar and mechanical adaptations. However, data related to these adaptations are not yet conclusive. A significant range of studies that evaluated the RBE emp loyed subjects untrained and/or unaccustomed to physical exercise with a few research studies fro m the trained population, which already have chronic neuromuscular adaptations. Thus, the present review addresses the issue by bringing up to date information about the protective effect both when performed by untrained and trained populations. The data indicate that there is a reduction in the magnitude of indirect markers of muscle damage when the trained population conducts repeated exercise sessions compared to untrained and/or sedentary individuals.A mong the adaptive responses involved, the neural theory appears to be the main mechanism involved in mit igating the indirect markers of muscle damage.
A Search for Chaotic Behavior in Northern Hemisphere Stratospheric Variability

AbstractNorthern Hemisphere stratospheric variability is investigated with respect to chaotic behavior using time series from three different variables extracted from four different reanalysis products and two numerical model runs with different forcing. The time series show red spectra at all frequencies and the probability distribution functions show persistent deviations from a Gaussian distribution. An exception is given by the numerical model forced with perpetual winter conditions—a case that shows more variability and follows a Gaussian distribution, suggesting that the deviation from Gaussianity found in the observations is due to the transition between summer and winter variability. To search for the presence of a chaotic attractor the correlation dimension and entropy, the Lyapunov spectrum, and the associated Kaplan–Yorke dimension are estimated. A finite value of the dimensions can be computed for each variable and data product, with the correlation dimension ranging between 3.0 and 4.0 and th.
Importance of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in the Nutrition of Grass Seedlings growing in Mulga Soil

A pot experiment was coaducted to compare the Importance of nitrogen and phosphorus fertll17ers to seedling growth of four grasses on niulga soil. Two native species, Monachather paradoxa (mulga oats) and Digitaria ammophila (silky umbrella grass), and two exotic ones, Anthephoora puhescen. ~ (wool grass) and Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Biloela (buffel grass), were tested. Digitaria and the two exotic grasses reacted similarly to applied phosphorus while Cenchru~ utilized soil nitrogen more readily than the others. Phosphorus produced marked growth responses, increased the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the plants, reduced the time between emergence and tillering and rcduced root/shoot ratios. Nltrogen fertilizer produced no sign~ficant responses and actually retarded very early seedhng growth. There were no nitrogen x phosphorus interactions.
Impact of Breed and Feed Restriction on Some Productive and Carcass Traits in Broiler Chickens

In this experiment we monitored, the performance of two commercial broiler strains (Cobb 500 and Hubbard classic) reared under different feed restriction systems. A total of 420 day-old broiler chickens divided into two breeds, 210 each, were randomly allotted to seven equal treatments, 30 birds each, with three replicates of 10 birds each. Based on the exposed feed restriction, group of birds was fed ad libitum throughout the whole experiment as a control (T0), another six groups were fed restricted as: T1 (8 h/day in 10-20 days of age), T2 (16 h/day in 10-20 days of age), T3 (8 h/day in 20-30 days of age), T4 (16 h/day in 20-30 days of age), T5 (8 h/day in 30-40 days of age), T6 (16 h/ day in 30-40 days of age). The data recorded included body weight, body weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, mortality and carcass traits. Results Indicated that, the highly significant measurements of live body weight, weight gain and better feed efficiency values under treatments were recorded for Cobb-500 broiler strain (1.800, 3.51 and 0.35 respectively) compared to Hubbard classic (1.775, 3.31 and 0.33, respectively). With regard to carcass traits, Cobb birds showed the highest highly significant (p≤0.001) dressing % and significant (p≤0.05) giblets wt. (79.4% and 130.14 gm., respectively) compared to the Hubbard one (75.02% and 123.51 gm., respectively). Body weight, weight gain and feed efficiency were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by feed restriction in the two breeds. The control group showed (p≥0.05) non-significantly higher body weight, gain and efficiency followed by short term restriction groups (8 hrs.) at any stage of life cycle, while the lowest non significant values were obtained by long term restriction groups (16 hrs.). The control group showed the highest significant (P≤0.05) dressing % and giblets wt. , followed by short term restriction groups (8 hrs.) at any stage of life. In an overall conclusion it can be concluded that, Cobb-500 broiler strain is appeared to be the most economic to rear response to their performance records and feed restriction system did not significantly affect the performance of broiler chickens but resulted in improvement of farm economy.
Characterization of polyphenolic metabolites in grape hybrids

Cultivated and experimental grape hybrids represent an important part of the Vitis germplasm for grape improvement. In this study, we characterized the composition and content of polyphenolic compounds in the berries of 48 hybrid grapes for two consecutive years. A total of 48 polyphenolic compounds, including 28 anthocyanins, 6 flavanols, 6 flavonols, 2 hydroxybenzoic acids and 6 hydroxycinnamic derivatives, were identified via HPLC-MS and quantified by HPLC-DAD. The content of total polyphenols as well as individual polyphenolic compounds varied significantly among grape hybrids. A number of grape hybrids with high content of total polyphenols and various individual groups of polyphenolic compounds were identified. Principal component analyses identified several polyphenolic compounds, significantly influencing the content variation of total polyphenols and individual groups of polyphenols. Plot analyses on the basis of PC1 and PC2 values provided some interesting insights into the genetic relationships among these grape hybrids. This work is an important addition to our ongoing effort in developing a comprehensive database of nutrition- and health-related secondary metabolites in the Vitis germplasm for future grape improvement.
Refusing to be a Man?

As the majority perpetrators of sexual violence, it is plausible to see men as responsible for war rape not only as individuals, but also as collective bystanders, facilitators and beneficiaries. Following recent criticisms of individual legal and moral responsibility for rape as a war crime in international law, this article examines how we might think of war rape as a collective action in moral and explanatory terms. First, it assesses existing moral arguments for the responsibility of men in groups for rape, primarily with reference to the work of Claudia Card, Larry May and Robert Strikwerda. Critiquing elements of these arguments, it explores the difficulties in talking about `men' as a coherent group and in discussing `collectives' themselves. Second, the article draws out the connection between accounts of moral responsibility and accounts of causal responsibility. Drawing on critiques of collective responsibility and the long-standing agency/structure problem, it argues that causal accounts focusing on structure pose a serious challenge to ideas of both individual and collective moral responsibility. The complexities of the relationship between moral and causal claims are illustrated through a discussion of Susan Brownmiller and Catharine MacKinnon's influential perspectives on rape. The seeming paradox of responsibility is emphasised as a problem to be addressed by gender and feminist perspectives that seek to pursue both ethical and explanatory inquiry into the workings of masculinity and the political means for undoing gendered wrongs.
Characterization of the Genetic Diversity of Peach Cultivars in Taif by RAPD-PCR

Problem statement: Peach genotypes from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were not adequately characterized at the biological and molecular levels. This study was carried out to characterize nine peach cultivars growing in Taif (KSA) at the biological and molecular levels. Approach: For the nine peach cultivars studied, flowering and fruiting indices were determined and eight, 10-base primers were used to amplify DNA from each cultivar by using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technology. RAPD profiles (i.e., cultivars) and RAPD amplicons (i.e., markers) were biclustered by using appropriate software and the RAPD biclusters were viewed as a heatmap in order to improve the display of RAPD markers. Results: The different RAPD primers produced a total of 114 fragments (amplicons), of which 63 were polymorphic among the studied cultivars. The RAPD fingerprinting results confirmed the data obtained from the morphological analyses and allowed for estimating the genetic relatedness among the studied peach cultivars. Moreover, the data indicated that certain molecular markers might be associated with certain commercial characteristics. Conclusion/Recommendations: Future studies on the association(s) of the selected molecular markers with fruiting characteristics should allow for new gene discovery, molecular breeding, proper biodiversity assessment and better conservation of germplasm resources.
What If Brazil Hadn't Floated the Real in 1999?

The English version of this paper can be found at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2746239Portuguese Abstract: Estimamos um modelo dinâmico, estocastico, de equilibrio geral para a economia brasileira, levando em conta explicitamente a transicao do sistema de bandas cambiais para o regime de metas para a inflacao com câmbio flutuante, ocorrida em 1999. O modelo estimado produz dinâmicas bastante distintas sob os dois regimes monetarios. Construimos, entao, algumas historias contrafactuais da transicao entres os dois regimes, utilizando as series de choques estruturais estimados. Nossos resultados sugerem que a manutencao das bandas cambiais teria sido praticamente inviavel, na medida em que a taxa de juros teria que ter permanecido em niveis extremamente elevados por varios trimestres e a atividade economica teria contraido fortemente. Acelerar o ritmo de desvalorizacao da taxa de câmbio apos a Crise da Asia teria produzido taxas de inflacao e de juros maiores e atividade economica um pouco mais fraca. Por ultimo, o modelo sugere que o primeiro semestre de 1998 pode ter oferecido uma janela de oportunidade para uma transicao suave entre os dois regimes monetarios.English Abstract: We estimate a dynamic, stochastic, general equilibrium model of the Brazilian economy taking into account the transition from a currency peg to inflation targeting that took place in 1999. The estimated model exhibits quite different dynamics under the two monetary regimes. We use it to produce counterfactual histories of the transition from one regime to another, given the estimated history of structural shocks. Our results suggest that maintaining the currency peg would have been too costly, as interest rates would have had to remain at extremely high levels for several quarters, and GDP would have collapsed. Accelerating the pace of nominal exchange rate devaluations after the Asian Crisis would have lead to higher inflation and interest rates, and slightly lower GDP. Finally, the first half of 1998 arguably provided a window of opportunity for a smooth transition between monetary regimes.
Rewards, Intrinsic Motivation, and Creativity: A Case Study of Conceptual and Methodological Isolation

Three decades of research have failed to produce general agreement concerning the effects of reward on creativity. We believe that the problem stems not from any great complexity of research findings, but primarily from the clash between romantic and behaviorist worldviews concerning basic human nature. Isolation of these research camps has produced narrow perspectives and failures to correct persisting methodological flaws. Research correcting these flaws suggests that rewards for novel performance increase intrinsic motivation and creativity, whereas rewards for conventional performance decrease intrinsic motivation and creativity. Creative motivational orientation, enhanced by rewards, strongly affects innovative performance.
Effect of Level Maltodextrin on Microbial Quality of Dietetic Soft Serve Ice Cream

Present investigation was carried out to study the microbiological quality of dietetic soft-serve Ice-cream prepared by using different levels of maltodextrin as fat replacer. Four different combinations of maltodextrin T1, T2, T3, and T4 were evaluated along with the control T0. Ice-cream samples were studied to determine the bacterial and fungal load as well as to detect the presence of certain bacteria according to the FDA standards. It is concludec that the ice-cream sample T3 having 30% maltodextrin was superior microbial analysis than the other combinations.
Human capital, age and job stability: Evidence from Spanish certified auditors (1976–1988)

Abstract During the period 1976–1988, Spain witnessed pervasive transformations that led the country from a military dictatorship to a fully‐fledged democracy. In turn, the audit profession experienced high demand which doubled the number of members of the Institute of Sworn Auditors of Spain (Instituto de Censores Jurados de Cuentas de España). In this unique social laboratory, we draw on the insights of human capital theory and the entrepreneurship literature to examine the profile of newly certified auditors at the time of receiving the audit certificate that enabled them to (i) become a licensed auditor and engage in public practice, or (ii) become an unlicensed auditor and leave the profession immediately after receiving the professional qualification. Our results indicate that those Spanish auditors who had high general or specific human capital and job stability and were at the younger or older ends of the age continuum were less likely to apply for audit licences than their counterparts (i.e. low general or specific human capital, middle‐aged, and unstable jobs).
Evidence of a perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy in a Mn5 Ge3 epitaxial thin film revealed by ferromagnetic resonance

A. Truong,1 A. O. Watanabe,1 T. Sekiguchi,1 P. A. Mortemousque,1 T. Sato,2 K. Ando,1 and K. M. Itoh1,* 1School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan 2School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan (Received 28 October 2014; revised manuscript received 25 November 2014; published 10 December 2014)
The HIP 79977 debris disk in polarized light

We present observations of the known edge-on debris disk around HIP 79977 (HD 146897, F star in Upper Sco, 123 pc), taken with the ZIMPOL differential polarimeter of the SPHERE instrument in the Very Broad Band filter ($\lambda_c=735$ nm, $\Delta\lambda=290$ nm) with a spatial resolution of about 25 mas. We measure the polarization flux along and perpendicular to the disk spine of the highly inclined disk for projected separations between 0.2" (25 AU) and 1.6" (200 AU) and investigate the diagnostic potential of such data with model simulations. The polarized flux contrast ratio for the disk is $F_{pol}/F_\ast= (5.5 \pm 0.9) 10^{-4}$. The surface brightness reaches a maximum of 16.2 mag arcsec$^{-2}$ at a separation of $0.2"-0.5"$ along the disk spine with a maximum surface brightness contrast of 7.64 mag arcsec$^{-2}$. The polarized flux has a minimum near the star $<0.2"$ because no or only little polarization is produced by forward or backward scattering in the disk section lying in front of or behind the star. The data are modeled as a circular dust belt with an inclination $i=85(\pm 1.5)^\circ$ and a radius between $r_0$ = 60 AU and 90 AU. The radial density dependence is described by $(r/r_0)^{\alpha}$ with a steep power law index $\alpha=5$ inside $r_0$ and a more shallow index $\alpha=-2.5$ outside $r_0$. The scattering asymmetry factor lies between $g$ = 0.2 and 0.6 adopting a scattering angle-dependence for the fractional polarization as for Rayleigh scattering. Our data are qualitatively very similar to the case of AU Mic and they confirm that edge-on debris disks have a polarization minimum at a position near the star and a maximum near the projected separation of the main debris belt. The comparison of the polarized flux contrast ratio $F_{pol}/F_{\ast}$ with the fractional infrared excess provides strong constraints on the scattering albedo of the dust.