Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Making Sense of Trying Not to Teach: An Interview Study of Tutors' Ideas of Problem‐based Learning

Purpose To explore how a cohort of first-ever “foundation” tutors in a new problem-based curriculum characterized and made sense of problem-based learning (PBL). Method The sample consisted of all foundation tutors (n = 34) from The University of Liverpool's undergraduate medical curriculum, 1996–97, the first semester of the first year that PBL became a main vehicle for knowledge acquisition. The cross-sectional study design involved semistructured telephone interviews with the tutors about PBL and problem solving. The author taped and transcribed the interviews and conducted an inductive analysis of these qualitative data. Results All tutors responded, with interviews lasting about 20 minutes: 26/34 (76%) were men and 23 (68%) were medically qualified. Twenty-nine (85%) facilitated 19–21 of the 21 PBL sessions. Most tutors conceptualized PBL as being student-centered (68%), involving small-group work (53%), but ignored its reflective component. They conceptualized good PBL tutors diversely, but mostly as “knowing” when and how to intervene (41%) and empathizing with students (29%). Few tutors characterized PBL in terms of problem solving, yet over half agreed, cursorily, that they were intimately related. The tutors were generally unclear about this relationship. Conclusion These tutors mostly characterized PBL positively as a philosophy, yet missed its reflective elements and were particularly challenged by their own fallibility in knowing when and how to intervene without teaching. Internal motivation and direct experience of PBL helped balance some of the tutors' confusion with the educational rationale, highlighting possibilities for future staff development.
Alcoholic Brain Damage: Anticoagulant Therapy

ABSTRACT: Anticoagulant (Dicumarol) therapy was given for five to six weeks to 15 hospital patients with organic brain damage secondary to alcoholism. The results were excellent in 5, good in 7 and poor in 3 cases; 8 of the patients could be discharged home.
Network bottleneck and the speed of learning ( DRAFT )

We consider a learning model where agents update their opinions by taking an average of their neighbors’ opinions, and the speed of learning is defined as the number of steps required for the updated behaviors to be arbitrarily close to the long-run behaviors. First, we bound the speed of learning by the bottleneck ratio. Second, we analyze this speed of learning and information exchange for a number of deterministic and random networks. Third, we consider network stability when agents are aware of network congestion, and by way of examples, we conclude that slow networks are not stable.
Fault Detection and Diagnosis relying on Set Membership Identification for time varying systems

In this paper, a Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) method relying on Set Membership Identification (SMI) is presented, aiming at the detection of multiple abrupt parameter variations for a time varying system. The proposed method utilizes a jump linearly parametrizable model, assuming unknown but bounded measurement noise and parameter perturbations. The objective of SMI is to compute at every time instant the orthotope containing the nominal parameter vector, while a fault is detected at the time instant that this orthotope is empty. In order to proceed to fault isolation and identification, an update of the SMI procedure is realized. The fault isolation is based on the orthotopes' projections, whose centers are used for fault identification. Simulations studies are used to verify the efficiency of the suggested method applied in an Atomic Force Microscope.
Quality Factor and Resonance Frequency Shift Due to Air in RF MEMS Radial Disk Resonators

Damping due to air in RF MEMS disk resonators is studied with simulations. The fluid flow in the air gaps and around the oscillating structure is studied with FEM simulations using a harmonic solver for the linearized Navier-Stokes equations with slip boundary conditions. The dominating damping mechanisms are identified and modelled with compact models. Based on the simulations, quality factor and resonance frequency shift vs. air pressure are calculated. The results are compared with published measurement results of disk resonators operating at frequencies 131 MHz and 274 MHz.
Effects of Noise on NST and NU 6 Stimuli

This study determined how normal-hearing listeners' performance on a nonsense syllable test (NST) was affected by three noise competitors, and how these responses differed from those on the standard NU 6 meaningful word test. Twenty young adult listeners heard the stimuli via earphones and provided verbal responses to the NST and NU 6 items in competition with: white noise, multitalker noise, and white noise which was amplitude modulated by the multitalker noise, each at a 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Responses were scored on a whole-word (all-or-none) basis. Statistical analyses revealed that listeners' performance was always poorer on the NST than on the NU 6 regardless of competitor type; and that scores were better in the multitalker noise followed by white noise and amplitude modulated white noise. These data and those from earlier studies indicate that the NST is sufficiently difficult in quiet that it may not warrant testing in noise.
Dissimilatory Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction

The oxidation of organic matter coupled to the reduction of Fe(III) or Mn(IV) is one of the most important biogeochemical reactions in aquatic sediments, soils, and groundwater. This process, which may have been the first globally significant mechanism for the oxidation of organic matter to carbon dioxide, plays an important role in the oxidation of natural and contaminant organic compounds in a variety of environments and contributes to other phenomena of widespread significance such as the release of metals and nutrients into water supplies, the magnetization of sediments, and the corrosion of metal. Until recently, much of the Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction in sedimentary environments was considered to be the result of nonenzymatic processes. However, microorganisms which can effectively couple the oxidation of organic compounds to the reduction of Fe(III) or Mn(IV) have recently been discovered. With Fe(III) or Mn(IV) as the sole electron acceptor, these organisms can completely oxidize fatty acids, hydrogen, or a variety of monoaromatic compounds. This metabolism provides energy to support growth. Sugars and amino acids can be completely oxidized by the cooperative activity of fermentative microorganisms and hydrogen- and fatty-acid-oxidizing Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reducers. This provides a microbial mechanism for the oxidation of the complex assemblage of sedimentary organic matter in Fe(III)- or Mn(IV)-reducing environments. The available evidence indicates that this enzymatic reduction of Fe(III) or Mn(IV) accounts for most of the oxidation of organic matter coupled to reduction of Fe(III) and Mn(IV) in sedimentary environments. Little is known about the diversity and ecology of the microorganisms responsible for Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction, and only preliminary studies have been conducted on the physiology and biochemistry of this process.
Memory and generativity in very high functioning autism

JS is a highly able person with Asperger syndrome whose language and intellectual abilities are, and always have been, superior. The first part of this short article consists of JS's analytical account of his atypical memory abilities, and the strategies he uses for memorizing and learning. JS has also described specific difficulties with creative writing, which are outlined here. The second part of the article consists of an interpretation of the problems JS describes in terms of their implications for understanding the problems of generativity that contribute to the diagnostic impairments of imagination and creativity in autism.
Final Tips in Interpreting Evidence-Based Medicine

Abstract In this issue, the Southern Medical Journal presents a series of articles to help students of medicine understand the principles of evidence-based medicine. These articles are not meant to be a comprehensive review, but rather an easy-to-read primer. In this final article, the authors offer suggestions to aid the reader in navigating the ever-expanding amount of information. These tips address a number of points that are commonly encountered in the medical literature, but are not all-inclusive.
Flavonoïds from Calycotome spinosa ( L . ) .

The known flavone, chrysin (1) and the known flavone glycoside, chrysin-7-O-(β-D-glucopyranoside) (2) together with vomifoliol, loliode and cinnamic acid have been isolated for the first time from the leaves and flowers of Calycotome spinosa (L.). Lamk, theirs structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic technical; H-, C-NMR, 2D NMR and MS (I.E).
Measurement of thyroglobulin in newborn screening specimens from normal and hypothyroid infants

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Thyroglobulin (Tg) has been found In varying concentrations In Infants and children with congenital hypothyroidism. Our primary goal was to ascertain whether Tg In filter paper blood specimens used for routine newborn screening would be a useful adjunct In the early diagnosis of newborn children with congenital hypothyroidism. Our secondary objective was to correlate the results of the Tg determinations with the results of thyroid scintigraphy in the same cohort of Infants with congenital hypothyroidism.
Snapping knee: imaging findings with an emphasis on dynamic sonography.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to illustrate the causes of snapping knee. The value of imaging techniques is discussed with an emphasis on dynamic sonography in light of the available surgical and radiologic literature. CONCLUSION Because of its dynamic capabilities, dynamic sonography provides real-time visualization of snapping knee syndrome and may be used as a first-line modality.
Does it Pay to Be Productive? The Case of Age Groups

Using longitudinal matched employer-employee data for the period 1999-2006, we investigate the relationship between age, wage and productivity in the Belgian private sector. More precisely, we examine how changes in the proportions of young (16-29 years), middle-aged (30-49 years) and older (more than 49 years) workers affect the productivity of firms and test for the presence of productivity-wage gaps. Results (robust to various potential econometric issues, including unobserved firm heterogeneity, endogeneity and state dependence) suggest that workers older than 49 are significantly less productive than prime age and young workers. In contrast, the productivity of middle-age workers is not found to be significantly different compared to young workers. Findings further indicate that average hourly wages within firms increase significantly and monotonically with age. Overall, this leads to the conclusion that young workers are paid below their marginal productivity while older workers appear to be “overpaid” and lends empirical support to theories of deferred compensation over the life-cycle (Lazear, 1979).
Posterior-Stabilized and Cruciate-Retaining Total Knee Replacement: A Randomized Study

A randomized controlled study was done to compare the clinical, radiographic, and quality of life outcomes between posterior-stabilized and cruciate-retaining primary total knee implants. One hundred forty-three patients were enrolled in the study. Patients ranged in age from 57 to 89 years, had a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis, and an intact functioning posterior cruciate ligament. Patients were excluded if they had a flexion contracture greater than 15°, a varus deformity greater than 20°, or a valgus deformity greater than 15°. Patients were randomized to one of two study groups, posterior-stabilized AMK total knee implants (76 patients) or cruciate-retaining AMK total knee implants (67 patients). One hundred eight patients have had a minimum 2-year followup including 57 patients in the posterior-stabilized group and 51 patients in the cruciate-retaining group. Seventy-three patients have had a minimum 3-year followup including 37 patients in the posterior stabilized group and 36 patients in the cruciate-retaining group. The overall total Knee Society clinical rating score at 2 years averaged 157.1 points in the posterior-stabilized group and 156.5 points in the cruciate-retaining group. At 3 years, the scores averaged 156.8 points in the posteriorstabilized group and 163.5 points in the cruciate-retaining group. The range of motion component of the Knee Society score averaged 113.6° for the posterior-stabilized group and 108.5° for the cruciate-retaining group at 2 years, and 108.3° in the cruciate-retaining group and 108.5° in the posterior-stabilized group. Based on the various parameters analyzed, there were no notable differences between the groups with a posterior-stabilized and a cruciate-retaining total knee implant at 2 years. This trend seemed to be the same at 3 years.
Maltreatment Profiles Among Incarcerated Boys With Callous-Unemotional Traits

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits in youth are believed to be a developmental precursor to adult psychopathy, tapping its affective dimension. There is growing support for the existence of variants of psychopathy that can be distinguished based on the presence of anxiety, maltreatment histories, and comorbid psychopathology. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether primary and secondary variants of CU traits could be differentiated according to their experiences of distinct types of childhood maltreatment among a sample of 227 incarcerated adolescent boys. Results indicated that variants of youth scoring high on CU traits could be identified which were consistent with theory and prior research. Greater sexual abuse histories, violent and property delinquency, and a sexually motivated index offense distinguished secondary variants, whereas greater neglect distinguished primary variants of youth with CU traits. Psychopathy variants were behaviorally indistinguishable with respect to their levels of aggression and drug delinquency, although they differed in several important ways from youth scoring low on CU traits. Variants also showed distinct patterns of scores on the measure of CU traits. These findings are important to informing developmental theories of psychopathy and have practical and policy implications for intervening with maltreated and antisocial youth.
Long distance Automatic Number Plate Recognition under perspective distortion using zonal density and Support Vector Machine

Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) is one of computer vision applications to extract information in vehicles plate number. Nevertheless, perspective distortion is unavoidable when taking pictures of the plate number. Another factor that causes inaccuracy is the distance of the camera from the plate number. To solve these problems, we propose a new method to automatically detect and recognize vehicle plate number with regards to perspective distortion and distance of capturing plate number. We used zonal density with Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a classifier. We tested our algorithm on 21 vehicles plate number with 1, 3, and 5 meter of capturing distance. Our method yields an accuracy of 89.77%, 82.86%, and 65.22% for 1, 3, and 5 meters capturing distance, respectively. Compared with previous work, our method is able to preserve high accuracy when segmenting characters of plate number taken from 5 meter distance.
The Role of hMLH 3 in Familial Colorectal Cancer 1

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is commonly associated with at least three currently known DNA mismatch repair genes: (a) hMSH2; (b) hMLH1; and (c) hMSH6. A majority of HNPCC families has identifiable mutations in hMLH1 and hMSH2. When these mutations cause an inherited risk of colorectal cancer, they are also most often associated with microsatellite instability in the tumors. Recently, hMLH3 was suggested to be causative in HNPCC. We screened 70 index patients suggestive of a genetic predisposition for germ-line mutations in hMLH3 with denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. One frameshift mutation and 11 missense mutations were identified in 16 index patients (23%). Most families presented evidence against hMLH3 as a high risk factor in familial colorectal cancer, and most of the mutations were found in the low risk patients, suggesting hMLH3 to be a low risk gene for colorectal cancer. We demonstrate in one family that a hMLH3 mutation segregated with disease together with a missense mutation in hMSH2, which makes us hypothesize that these mutations work together in an additive manner and result in an elevated risk of colorectal tumors in the family. None of the tumors with hMLH3 mutations showed microsatellite instability, which demonstrates that hMLH3 does not make its contribution to carcinogenesis through an impaired DNA mismatch repair function.
Immunization of bacon pigs against Aujeszky's disease using live — or inactivated — virus vaccines with or without passive immunity

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Immunization of bacon pigs against Aujeszky’s disease using live – or inactivated – virus vaccines with or without passive immunity P. Vannier
Tomato second cycle hybrids as a source of genetic variability for fruit quality traits

The objective of this study was to investigate the phenotypic and molecular variability in a F2 generation derived from a SCH (Second Cycle Hybrid) in order to detect QTLs for some fruit traits of tomato. Genome coverage at different levels was achieved by three types of molecular markers (polypeptides, sequence-related amplified polymorphism-SRAP and amplified restriction fragment polymorphism - AFLP). Different degrees of polymorphism were detected by SRAP and AFLP at the DNA structure level and also by polypeptides at the DNA expression level. The first two markers, associated with phenotypic variation, detected QTLs involved in important agronomic traits such as fruit shelf life, soluble solids content, pH, and titratable acidity. New gene blocks originated by recombination during the first cycle of crossing were detected. This study confirmed that the observed phenotypic differences represent a new gene rearrangement and that these new gene blocks are responsible for the presence of the genetic variability detected for these traits.
Platelet and leukocyte counts in pregnancy.

Platelets and leukocytes in venous blood were counted with automated methodology in 23 women studied longitudinally throughout pregnancy and at six weeks after delivery. The average platelet count declined monotonically in a manner consistent with the gestational increase in blood volume. Total leukocyte count rose early in gestation and remained elevated, with neutrophils accounting for the changes. Absolute neutrophil counts during gestation were nearly twice those of the same women postpartum (5.76 vs 3.13/cu mm x 10(-3). ) The monocyte count also tended to increase, whereas lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils declined in number.
Recruiting dendritic cells to improve antibody therapy of cancer.

C ancer vaccines have been pursued for over a century in an attempt to harness the specificity and many resistance potentials of the immune system (1). Recent advances in immunology, including the importance of antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) in initiating T cell immunity against pathogens and tumors, have provided new guidelines for immunotherapy. Simultaneously over the last decade, tumor-specific mAbs have emerged as effective and specific immunotherapeutics against human cancers (2). In this issue of PNAS, Groh et al. (3) bring the fields of DC biology and mAbs together with an approach to target a wide range of tumors to DCs. If successfully translated to the clinic, their mAb approach may prove powerful for boosting tumor immunity. An Ab molecule is made up of two regions, the Fab fragment and the Fc portion. The Fab fragment forms the antigen-binding site, whereas the Fc domain allows the Abs to recruit cells of the immune system by engaging their Fc receptors. Groh et al. (3) use mAbs that bind to MHC class I-related chains A and B (MICA and MICB) on tumor cells. MICA and MICB are overexpressed on a broad range of epithelial tumors. Shed MICA and MICB molecules may contribute to immune evasion by ligating the NKG2D molecules on lymphocytes and inhibiting lymphocyte function (3, 4). In their experiments, Groh et al. use the Fab portion of the anti-MICA Ab for tumor cell recognition and the Fc region of this Ab to engage Fc receptors on DCs and promote the induction of cell-mediated immunity. Although the Fab region of a mAb mediates specific binding to antigenic determinants on the tumor cell, the Fc portion can be critical for efficacy, at least in the case …
Inhibition of Glucose Phosphorylation by Mannoheptulose

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