Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insider Trading Laws and Stock Markets Around the World: An Empirical Contribution to the Theoretical Law and Economics Debate

The primary goal of this Article is to bring empirical evidence to bear on the heretofore largely theoretical law and economics debate about insider trading. The Article first summarizes various agency, market, and contractual (or "Coasian") theories of insider trading propounded over the course of this longstanding debate. The Article then proposes three testable hypotheses regarding the relationship between insider trading laws and several measures of stock market performance. Exploiting the natural variation of international data, the Article finds that more stringent insider trading laws are generally associated with more dispersed equity ownership, greater stock price accuracy and greater stock market liquidity, controlling for various economic, legal and institutional factors. These results cast doubt on pure "Coasian" theories of insider trading and suggest the appropriate locus of academic and policy inquiries about the efficiency implications of insider trading and its regulation. Further empirical research is necessary, however, in order conclusively to resolve the perennial insider trading debate.
Lower limb cellulitis in non-diabetic patients: a prospective study

Cellulitis is a condition which is characterized by inflammation of the connective tissue of the skin with severe involvement of dermal and subcutaneous layers. It is principally a bacterial infection, the organism can be either the normal skin flora or an exogenous one. It involves mostly the skin which is more prone to the breaks, cracks, blisters, ulcerations, cuts, bite wounds or hospital-related injuries like surgical wounds or the intravenous cannulae. Lower limbs are the most commonly involved sites as the skin over there is much susceptible to the injuries mentioned. As commonly known, diabetics are the most susceptible population for the lower limb cellulitis primarily because of the fact they have more incidence of foot ulcers (due to the neuropathy and vasculopathy which ensues in the form of sensory loss and poor distal circulation) and also because they are immunocompromised. Poor glycemic control aids the growth of organisms in the ulcers which develop and eventually results up in cellulitis. Yet, there is a significant section of the population who are nondiabetics and also more prone to the development of lower limb cellulitis and its complications. This group is gaining attention now as the number of patients affected shows an increasing trend. The management of this group differs from the diabetics in such a way that effect of altered body metabolism, glycemic control, and sensory compromise is negotiated. Early cellulitis in the Nondiabetics can be managed in out-patient unit with oral ABSTRACT
Australian SMEs: Waste sent to landfill

Landfill waste has a negative impact on the environment and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are believed to be significant contributors. There is little government or scholarly research, however, quantifying the collective volume of waste SMEs send to landfill. The limited studies instead measure total volumes (landfill and recycling combined) and/or do not distinguish between specific waste streams (e.g. wood) and subcategories (e.g. dust). This paper contributes to knowledge by reconceptualising SME waste into subcategories and by measuring landfill volumes. It presents findings from 404 Australian SMEs which found that, in descending order, cardboard, paper, plastic wrap, wood dust and particleboard were the subcategories these SMEs sent to landfill in the greatest volumes. It also argues that this reconceptualisation and associated data collection protocols have the potential to enable scholars and policymakers to determine the waste subcategories to which SMEs contribute most, formulate targeted interventions and research/evaluate environmental outcomes.
Response of Organic Linseed ('Linum usitatissimum' L.) to the Combination of Tillage Systems, (Minimum, Conventional and No-Tillage) and Fertilization Practices: Seed and Oil Yield Production

Limited tillage systems, especially no-tillage, have become widespread in recent years. The no-tillage practice is widely adopted worldwide for erosion control and to maintain soil fertility. Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of tillage systems and organic fertilization on the growth, yield and oil content of flax crop (Linum usitatissimum L.). The experiments, conducted during 2009 and 2010, were laid out in a split plot design with four replicates, three main plots (conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no-tillage) and the three sub-plots (compost, vetch and faba bean as green manure). The soil organic matter and total nitrogen were higher in soils subjected to conservation tillage systems (minimum and no-tillage) than under conventional tillage. The highest leaf area index (LAI), dry weight and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) root colonization was found in conservation tillage systems. There were no significant differences between the organic fertilization treatments concerning the LAI, dry weight and AM root colonization. There were significant differences for root growth between the tillage systems. The highest root weight was found in the no-tillage system. Moreover, the highest seed yield (1761 kg ha-1) and oil yield (670 kg ha-1) were found with minimum tillage. There were statistically significant differences between minimum tillage and conventional tillage. Vetch and faba bean green manures had a significant effect on oil content. A high correlation was observed between oil yield and oil content. Our results indicated that conservation tillage systems enhance organic matter in soils and increase oil yield of flax.
Genetic analysis of right whales in the eastern North Pacific confirms severe extirpation risk

Genetic analysis of 49 biopsy samples from North Pacific right whales Eubalaena japonica in the eastern (48) and western (1) North Pacific revealed 24 individual whales with 7 mitochondrial haplotypes. Three pairs of large and small individuals were identified in the field; genotype analysis indicated that 2 of these could represent motheroffspring pairs; for the third small individual, no sampled female genetically qualified as a potential mother. In aggregate, the population appears to have lost some genetic diversity, though not to the degree of North Atlantic right whales E. glacialis, and males outnumber females 2:1. A comparison of the eastern Pacific samples to a single Russian sample suggested that the 2 populations are isolated to some degree. The effective population size for the eastern North Pacific was calculated to be 11.6 (95% CI: 2.9�75.0), based on the estimated linkage disequilibrium. These results further indicate that this population is at immediate risk of extirpation.
Nitrogen Fertilizer Effects on Quality of Fodder beet (Beta vulgaris var. Crassa)

A field experiment was carried out for two consecutive seasons (2007/08 – 2008/09), at the Demonstration Farm of the College of Agricultural Studies (Shambat), Sudan University of Science and Technology, to study the effect of nitrogen fertilization on quality of three fodder beet cultivars . Nitrogen treatments at a rate of 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha were assigned to the main plots . Three fodder beet cultivars (Voroshenger, Anisa and Polyproductiva) were allotted to the sub-plots. Nitrogen fertilization reduced dry matter content highly significantly (p<0.01). However, it increased crude protein and ether extract highly significantly (p<0.01) and crude fiber significantly (p<0.05) in the first season and crude protein and nitrogen free extract significantly (p<0.05) in the second season. Leaves exceeded tubers in crude protein, crude fiber and ash highly significantly (p<0.01) while tubers were superior over leaves in dry matter and nitrogen free extract. Tubers without nitrogen fertilization and under 40 and 120 kg N/ha highly significantly (p<0.01) attained the greatest dry matter and nitrogen free extract. Leaves with 40 and 120 kg N/ha recorded the highest crude protein and crude fiber. Leaves under 40 and 80 kg N/ha attained the highest ether extract while those with 80 and 120 kg N/ha recorded the greatest ash contents. Nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, zink and iron were significantly (p<0.05) increased by nitrogen fertilization while calcium was reduced. Sulfur and chloride showed inconsistent response to nitrogen fertilization. Leaves contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and zink were higher than tubers and the reverse was true for potassium and sodium.
Macroeconomic Drivers of Stock Market Development: Evidence From Jordan

This paper investigates the macroeconomic drivers of the stock market development in Jordan during the period 1978-2016. The macroeconomic variables are represented by remittance inflows, investment, banking sector development, and level of income. The paper employs the ARDL bounds testing procedure to estimate the potential short run and long run relationships between the stock market development indicator and macroeconomic variables. The empirical results show that the macroeconomic variables positively and significantly affect the development of stock market in Jordan, except remittances which has a negative effect on the stock market development indicator. All signs and magnitudes are consistent with the literature.
Synchronic and diachronic aspects of valency-reducing devices in Oceanic languages

Abstract This paper sketches out valency-reducing devices available in Oceanic languages. The Proto-Oceanic prefix *paRi- and suffix *-akin[i] are specifically the focus of the discussion, being approached from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. I explain the currently attested functions performed by the reflexes of these two morphemes by assuming that the evolution went in a particular direction: from a very general function to a more specialized, concrete one. Among different functions performed by the reflexes of *paRi- and *-akin[i] within the valency-reducing domain, I will show that the antipassive has not been fully recognized and properly designated in linguistic descriptions of the Oceanic languages yet.
Toward an Understanding of the Rapid Decline of the Cosmic Star Formation Rate

We present a first analysis of deep 24 μm observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope of a sample of nearly 1500 galaxies in a thin redshift slice, 0.65 ≤ z < 0.75. We combine the infrared data with redshifts, rest-frame luminosities, and colors from COMBO-17 and with morphologies from Hubble Space Telescope images collected by the Galaxy Evolution from Morphology and SEDs (GEMS) and Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) projects. To characterize the decline in star formation rate (SFR) since z ~ 0.7, we estimate the total thermal IR luminosities, SFRs, and stellar masses for the galaxies in this sample. At z ~ 0.7, nearly 40% of intermediate- and high-mass galaxies (with stellar masses ≥2 × 1010 M☉) are undergoing a period of intense star formation above their past-averaged SFR. In contrast, less than 1% of equally massive galaxies in the local universe have similarly intense star formation activity. Morphologically undisturbed galaxies dominate the total infrared luminosity density and SFR density: at z ~ 0.7, more than half of the intensely star-forming galaxies have spiral morphologies, whereas less than ~30% are strongly interacting. Thus, a decline in major merger rate is not the underlying cause of the rapid decline in cosmic SFR since z ~ 0.7. Physical properties that do not strongly affect galaxy morphology—for example, gas consumption and weak interactions with small satellite galaxies—appear to be responsible.
A KAP study on snakebite and its management among medical interns in a tertiary care medical college and hospital in Trivandrum district, Kerala

Background: Snake bite is considered as one of the most significant health related problems throughout the world. According to the WHO, a snake bite is an important medical problem. It has been a neglected extrinsic injury in tropical and sub-tropical developing countries including India. It has been estimated that every year there are almost 83,000 snake bites and 11,000 deaths due to snake bites in India. The Goal of this study is to access knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among interns so as to find out gaps in academics and bridge them. Findings of this study will benefit community at large.Methods: An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted for the entire batch of interns in a tertiary care center in Trivandrum, Kerala, South India during June–September 2018. A non-probability sampling was done. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire.Results: Among 100 students 48% had a score equal to and above 8 which was taken as good level of knowledge and 52% had poor level of knowledge. Attitude towards management of snake bite was 100% among study subjects. Only 35% of students had median score above 4 as good level of practice and remaining 65% had poor level of practice.Conclusions: Respondents have adequate knowledge on snake bites. They discarded various prevailing myths in society. Although study showed adequate attitude towards management, that was not reflected in practice. This gap can be overcome by teaching in simulated environment, so as to make them competent enough for managing snake bites.
The principal modes of variability of the boreal winter Hadley cell

The year‐to‐year variability of the boreal winter mass stream function of the mean meridional circulation (MMC) is dominated by an equatorially asymmetric mode and a symmetric mode. The former (latter) mode is linked with the boreal Hadley cell mainly on the decadal (interannual) time‐scale. The asymmetric mode index (AMI), which indicates the strength of this mode, shows a clear upward trend during the last decades of the 20th century. The strong sea surface temperature (SST) warming in the tropical Indo‐west Pacific warm‐pool might be an important factor contributing to the intensification of the asymmetric mode, and the SST warming in the southern tropical Atlantic Ocean and southeast Pacific may also contribute to this intensification. The symmetric mode index (SMI) shows a significant interannual variability that has a very robust and consistent correlation with ENSO, implying that the variability of the Hadley cell is mainly associated with ENSO on the interannual time‐scale. Additionally, the symmetric mode variability is also connected with the SST in the tropical Indo‐west Pacific warm‐pool.
Title User-Centric Content Negotiation for Effective AdaptationService in Mobile Computing

We address the challenges of building a good content adaptation service for mobile devices and propose a decision engine that is user-centric with QoS awareness, which can automatically negotiate for the appropriate adaptation decision to use in the synthesis of an optimal adapted version. The QoS-sensitive approach complements the lossy nature of the transcoding operations. The decision engine will look for the best trade off among various parameters in order to reduce the loss of quality in various domains. Quantitative methods are suggested to measure the QoS of the content versions in various quality domains. Based on the particular user perception and other contextual information on the client capability, the network connection, and the requested content, the proposed negotiation algorithm will determine a content version with a good aggregate score. We have built a prototype document adaptation system for PDF documents to demonstrate the viability of our approach.
Accounting Earnings Announcements, Institutional Investor Concentration, And Common-Stock Returns

This study examines the relation between the level of institutional investor ownership and the magnitude of security price variability at quarterly earnings announcement dates. Prior research consistently documents a negative association between firm size and announcement-date return variability. One explanation for this finding is that as more timely, alternative information becomes available on large firms prior to an announcement date, their security prices become informative, thereby reducing the information content of the earnings announcement. Large firms are closely followed by institutional investors. These investors dedicate substantial resources to information search. Therefore, the link between size and information pro-
Europe's internal market at fifty: Over the hill?

For more than half a century, members of the European Union (EU) have pursued policies aimed at reducing the cost of cross- border transactions. Using a closed-form solution for the non-linear gravity system of Anderson and Van Wincoop (2003) we find that Internal Market policies have created trade between EU members, while diversion of trade with non members has been limited. Around 1995, 18 percent of total trade by EU15 countries can be attributed to the Internal Market. In the second half of the 1990’s the European advantage started to deteriorate relative to other trade flows: in 2005 the contribution of the Internal Market was just 9 percent. Most enlargements of the EU have had a positive impact on trade.
Lacka, Ewelina and Chong, Alain (2016) Usability perspective on social media sites' adoption in the B2B context. Industrial Marketing

While social media sites have been successfully adopted and used in the B2C context, they are perceived to be irrelevant in B2B marketing. This is due to marketers’ perception of poor usability of these sites in the B2B sector. This study investigates the usability of social media sites when adopted for B2B marketing purposes in the one of world’s largest social media market: China. Specifically, by extending the Technology Acceptance Model with Nielsen’s Model of Attributes of System Acceptability, we assess the impact of usefulness, usability and utility on the adoption and use of these sites by B2B marketing professionals. The empirical investigation reveals that marketers’ perception of the usefulness, usability and utility of social media sites drive their adoption and use in the B2B sector. The usefulness is subject to the assessment of whether social media sites are suitable means through which marketing activities can be conducted. The ability to use social media sites for B2B marketing purposes, in turn, is due to those sites learnability and memorability attributes.
Cavity dynamics in high-speed water entry

A method is presented for modeling the cavity formation and collapse induced by high-speed impact and penetration of a rigid projectile into water. The approach proposes that high-speed water-entry is characterized by a cavity that experiences a deep closure prior to closure at the surface. This sequence in the physical events of the induced cavity dynamics is suggested by the most recent high-speed water-entry experimental data, by results from numerical experiments using a hydrocode, and by an understanding of the fundamental physics of the processes that govern surface closure. The analytical model, which specifies the energy transfer for cavity production as equivalent to the energy dissipated by velocity-dependent drag on the projectile, provides accurate estimates for variables that are important in characterizing the cavity dynamics, and reveals useful knowledge regarding magnitudes and trends. In particular, it is found that the time of deep closure is essentially constant and independent of the i.
Marine Ecology Progress Series 431:1

Oyster transports are among the leading anthropogenic vectors of coastwise introduction of nonindigenous species. Using the oyster industry of the Netherlands as a model system, we investigated the relationship between vector strength (number of invasions) and vector tempo (magnitude and frequency of transport) in analyzing and predicting invasion patterns. We reviewed literature on oyster-associated species introductions, analyzed the scale of commercial oyster imports, and collected and identified epiflora from Pacific oyster shells. A total of 35 protist, algal, and invertebrate species have been introduced to the Netherlands with oysters, and we found 41 species of macroalgae on transported oysters. However, the number of introductions and quantity of oysters imported are not necessarily positively correlated, particularly in the past 20 yr, when oyster imports decreased but the rate of introductions increased. The discrepancy between vector tempo and strength can be explained by unreported imports and vector characteristics: a single oyster may harbor a large number of species which are introduced with their substrate, thus facilitating establishment. Further, the recently developed extensive Pacific oyster reefs in Dutch waters provide a suitable substrate, enabling establishment even after low propagule pressure introduction events. Assumptions that are made about crucial parameters need to be reconsidered: reported propagule pressure is not the same as actual propagule pressure; per-episode diversity of potential inoculants is not at a fixed level without episodic unpredictable spikes, and the recipient environment is not static. With increasing interest in predicting invasion patterns, caution must be taken in assuming that reduced propagule pressure will lead to reduced invasions.
Impact of Fish Farming on Household Income: A Case Study from Mymensingh District

Problem statement: Fisheries sector is a rising sector in Bangladesh. Many farmers are shifting their rice fields to ponds for fish farming in the study areas. This transformation of farming raises a question to the researchers whether fish farming has any impact on household income or not. Thus, the researchers took the present study to identify the contribution of fish farming on household income of the fish farmers in the study areas. Approach: The population of the study consisted of all fish farmers of the selected eight villages from four sub-districts of Mymensingh district. Required data for the study were collected with questionnaire through personal interviewing of the respondent farmers. Results: Result shows that fish farming is contributing in a range of 15.35-86.63% on household income of the respondent farmers and the average contribution of fish farming is 50.99% indicating major contribution of this entrepreneurship on household income of the practitioner farmers. The result of the stepwise multiple regression analysis shows that all of the income sources jointly can elucidate 98.3% variation on household income where fish farming alone can contribute the highest (44%) on household income of the respondent farmers. However, the results of multiple regressions indicate that 74% of the variance in the income from fish farming could be explained by the explanatory variables of the study. The study successfully explored following factors: age of the household head, family land holdings, pond size, training on fish farming and access to information on fish farming which can influence income from fish farming. Conclusions/Recommendations: The study reported that fish farming has significant contribution on household income of the practitioner farmers. Thus, it is essential for the policy makers in the field of fisheries to take into account the identified factors for rapid expansion of fish farming in rural Bangladesh.
Idiopathic Facial Paralysis (Bell's palsy)

Bell’s palsy is defined as a neuropathy of the peripheral seventh cranial nerve or the facial nerve. It is usually from an idiopathic cause but it can result from traumatic, compressive, infective, inflammatory or metabolic abnormalities involving the facial nerve. Bell’s palsy is more common in adults than in children. We present a case of Bell’s palsy in an 38-year-old women who completely recovered after treatment with oral antiviral agents and steroids followed by regular facial physiotherapy. The dilemma in management of Bell’s palsy with a review of relevant literature is discussed in this report.