Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fertility Status of Soils in the Selected Regions of the Western Ghats of Karnataka , India

The present study was an attempt to know the fertility status of soils in five selected regions (H.D.Kote, Madikeri, Sakaleshpur, Shimoga and Sirsi) of the Western Ghats of Karnataka with Mysore region as control for comparison for the purpose of exploration of wild (tree type) castor, Ricinus communis L. , a primary host plant of the domesticated vanya silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini Boisduval. The selection of regions for drawing soil samples were based on the extent of area (Western Ghats) covered in Karnataka giving due weightage for the entire region. The soil samples were drawn at a depth of 0-45 cm from five spots of each region for collection of 250 g of composite samples adopting quadrant technique to study the chemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) of soils. The chemical properties of soils were statistically varied among the selected regions of the Western Ghats of Karnataka at 5% level of probability. pH and EC of soils varied between 5.25 (Sirsi) and 7.83 (Madikeri), 0.03 (Sirsi) and 0.28 (Shimoga) m.mhos/cm, respectively. Organic carbon and available nitrogen contents were significantly more (1.59% and 709.2 kg/ha) with H.D. Kote region and Sakaleshpur region recorded less contents (0.47% and 250.6 kg/ha). The soils of Madikeri region had higher available phosphorus content (34.34 kg/ha) and it was lower with Sirsi region (9.450 kg/ha). Both Madikeri and Sakaleshpur regions recorded highest potassium content of 717.0 kg/ha with least being in Sirsi region (90.00 kg/ha). The correlation co-efficients worked out for chemical properties of soils established non-significant relationship among them, except for organic carbon content, wherein it showed significant (P≤0.01) positive relationship with available nitrogen content of soils.
L'effet du travail sur la consommation d'alcool et de drogue dans une usine de pâtes et papiers

Dans quelle mesure les dimensions extrinseques et intrinseques du travail, la culture et la place d'un groupe dans une organisation sont-elles interreliees aux modes de consommation d'alcool ou de drogues? Y a-t-il, au travail, un environnement favorable a l'emergence de problemes d'alcoolisme ou de toxicomanies et permet-il de mieux comprendre les conditions les plus propices a rendre un travail pathogene? A partir de l'etude de quatre groupes d'ouvriers (papetiers, hommes de metier, manœuvres et techniciens) d'une usine de pâtes et papiers du Quebec, nous montrerons que l'usage de l'alcool prend la forme d'un rituel de convivialite lorsque l'organisation du travail facilite le rapprochement entre les membres du groupe, et qu'il se fait individuel, ou par petits groupes, lorsqu'elle est divisee. La consommation de drogues n'a pas les aspects conviviaux de l'alcool : au contraire, le collectif la percoit comme un element menacant.
Relationship between intracellular ROS production and membrane mobility in curcumin- and tetrahydrocurcumin-treated human gingival fibroblasts and human submandibular gland carcinoma cells.

OBJECTIVE Curcumin is a well-known chemopreventive agent of oral cancers as well as stomach and intestinal cancers. The relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell membrane mobility was investigated to clarify the pro-oxidant mechanism of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin (TH-curcumin). METHODS The intracellular ROS production and membrane mobility by curcumin or TH-curcumin were measured in human submandibular adenocarcinoma cells (HSGs) and human primary gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). ROS and mobility were measured by 5-(and -6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining and fluorescence recovery after photo bleaching, respectively. RESULTS Curcumin produced ROS dose-dependently. ROS appeared in the region surrounding the cell membrane. The membrane mobility coefficient of the curcumin-treated cells was significantly lower than that of control cells. The lowered membrane mobility induced by curcumin was reversed by the addition of glutathione, an antioxidant. In contrast, TH-curcumin did not affect the ROS production or the membrane mobility coefficient. The alternations induced by curcumin treated HSG cells were greater than those by HGF cells. CONCLUSION The reduction in membrane mobility induced by curcumin was attributed to ROS production. The oxidative effects of curcumin may be related to the structure of the alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety as well as the phenolic OH group of this compound.
A clinical assessment of the use of etomidate in children.

Etomidate 0.2 mg/kg i.v. was used to induce sleep in 198 children. It produced sleep rapidly and safely, with negligible effect on the cardiovascular system and little respiratory depression. Clinical acceptability was reduced by a 27% incidence of pain after injection, a 10% incidence of myoclonia and inadequate dosage in 19%. Etomidate has little analgesic activity and these problems can be reduced by the use of an analgesic as premedication or with induction of anaesthesia, by increasing the induction dose of etomidate to 0.3-0.4 mg/kg, or by changing the formulation of the solution.
Iodine toxicity in ruminants

e inadequate intake of iodine is still a topical problem, because it contributes to a reduction in performance through the disturbed health of adult animals and their offspring. e necessity of iodine is frequently described in association with hypothyroidal state. In our work we want to assign the hidden risk of prolonged iodine feeding in ruminants. We discuss the possible sources of iodine intoxication, the clinical signs of the intoxication, its effects on production, reproduction, and thyroid functions; animal susceptibility to intoxication; laboratory and necropsy findings; diagnostic, and therapeutic possibilities.
Feasibility of Lumbar Puncture in the Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease in Subjects with Down Syndrome.

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main medical problem in older adults with Down syndrome (DS). Studies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers are limited and the feasibility of lumbar puncture (LP) is controversial in this population. OBJECTIVE To analyze the frequency of complications after a LP in DS. METHODS We collected data from 80 adults with DS that underwent a LP within the Down Alzheimer Barcelona Neuroimaging Initiative. Demographics, cognitive status, headache history, and presence of complications after the LP were recorded in every subject. In 53 of them (active group), this information was collected following a semi-structured and validated protocol that actively looks for complications. Other variables related to the LP procedure were also recorded. A telephone interview to the caregiver was performed 5-7 days after the procedure to ask about complications. Data from 27 subjects (clinical practice group), from whom the presence of complications was obtained in a medical follow-up visit within the three months after the LP, were also included. RESULTS There were no adverse events in 90% of our participants. The most frequent complication was headache (6.25%); only one subject reported a typical post-lumbar puncture headache with moderate severity that required analgesic treatment. Dizziness (3.75%) and back pain (1.25%) were also reported. All the participants that reported complications belonged to the active group. CONCLUSION LP can be safely performed to study CSF biomarkers in DS. The reported complications are qualitatively similar to the general population, but are less frequently reported, even when actively searched for.
HITS in Internal Carotid Dissections

Carotid dissections can cause neurological deficits either by hemodynamic or embolic mechanisms. Anticoagulants are often used in this setting to prevent neurological deterioration and stroke recurrence. High-intensity transient signals (HITS) detected by transcranial Doppler may be due to microembolism. We investigated the presence and number of HITS in a series of 27 patients with carotid dissection. HITS were detected in 14 (52%) patients and only in cases with a less than 7-day evolution. No association was found between HITS and clinical or imagiological features of the dissection nor with neurological aggravation or treatment type. We failed to demonstrate any relevant clinical significance of HITS in carotid dissection.
Language Lateralization in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Comparison between fMRI and the Wada Test

Summary: Purpose: Recent studies have claimed that language functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can identify language lateralization in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and that fMRI‐based findings are highly concordant with the conventional assessment procedure of speech dominance, the intracarotid amobarbital test (IAT).
Defining antibody targets in Streptococcus oralis infection

Immunoblotting of sera from 12 neutropenic patients with Streptococcus oralis septicemia and 18 patients with endocarditis due to viridans group streptococci revealed immunodominant S. oralis antigens at 85 and 180 kDa. The former cross-reacted with a mouse monoclonal antibody to hsp90. The latter was identified by sequencing positive clones obtained by screening a genomic expression library of S. oralis with pooled sera from patients who had been infected with S. oralis. Antibody eluted from one of these clones reacted with the 180-kDa antigen of S. oralis. Southern blotting confirmed the origin of the clone from S. oralis. The derived amino acid sequence showed 76.2% homology with the PAc protein precursor of Streptococcus mutans and 73.8% homology with the SpaA protein precursor of Streptococcus sobrinus. Epitope mapping of the derived amino acid sequence with sera from patients with viridans group streptococcal endocarditis delineated nine epitopes. Peptides 1 (TMYPNRQPGSGWDSS) and 2 (WYSLNGKIRAVDVPK), representing two of these epitopes, and peptide 3 (YEVEKPLEPAPVAPS), representing the repeat proline region, were synthesized. These three peptides were used to screen a phage antibody display library derived from a patient who had recovered from S. oralis infection. Two of the human recombinant antibodies produced (SORAL 3 and SORAL 4 against peptide 3) and a human recombinant antibody (B3.7) against the conserved epitope (LKVIRK) of hsp90 gave statistically significant protection, compared with control groups, in a mouse model of lethal S. oralis infection.
Metabolic tumor volume by positron emission tomography/computed tomography as a clinical parameter to determine therapeutic modality for early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma

Recent studies have shown that metabolic tumor volume (MTV) by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is an important prognostic parameter in patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, it is unknown whether doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (ABVD) alone in early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma would lead to similar disease control as combined modality therapy (CMT) using MTV by PET/CT. One hundred and twenty‐seven patients with early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma who underwent PET/CT at diagnosis were enrolled. The MTV was delineated on PET/CT by the area ≥SUVmax, 2.5 (standardized uptake value [SUV]). Sixty‐six patients received six cycles of ABVD only. The other 61 patients received CMT (involved‐field radiotherapy after 4–6 cycles of ABVD). The calculated MTV cut‐off value was 198 cm3. Clinical outcomes were compared according to several prognostic factors (i.e. age ≥50 years, male, performance status ≥2, stage II, B symptoms, ≥4 involved sites, extranodal site, large mediastinal mass, CMT, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and high MTV). Older age (progression‐free survival [PFS], P = 0.003; overall survival [OS], P = 0.007), B symptoms (PFS, P = 0.006; OS, P = 0.036) and high MTV (PFS, P = 0.008; OS, P = 0.007) were significant independent prognostic factors. Survival of two high MTV groups treated with ABVD only and CMT were lower than the low MTV groups (PFS, P < 0.012; OS, P < 0.045). ABVD alone was sufficient to control disease in those with low MTV status. However, survival was poor, even if the CMT was assigned a high MTV status. The MTV would be helpful for deciding the therapeutic modality in patients with early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma.
A Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm of Neural Network for Medical Diseases Problems

 Abstract — This paper presents an evolutionary algorithm for solving multi-objective optimization problems-based artificial neural network (ANN). The multi-objective evolutionary algorithm used in this study is genetic algorithm while ANN used is radial basis function network (RBFN). The proposed algorithm named memetic elitist Pareto non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-based RBFN (MEPGAN). The proposed algorithm is implemented on medical diseases problems. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is viable, and provides an effective means to design multi-objective RBFNs with good generalization capability and compact network structure. This study shows that MEPGAN generates RBFNs coming with an appropriate balance between accuracy and simplicity, comparing to the other algorithms found in literature.
Striatal Dopamine Modulates Basal Ganglia Output and Regulates Social Context-Dependent Behavioral Variability through D1 Receptors

Cortico-basal ganglia (BG) circuits are thought to promote the acquisition of motor skills through reinforcement learning. In songbirds, a specialized portion of the BG is responsible for song learning and plasticity. This circuit generates song variability that underlies vocal experimentation in young birds and modulates song variability depending on the social context in adult birds. When male birds sing in the presence of a female, a social context associated with decreased BG-induced song variability, the extracellular dopamine (DA) level is increased in the avian BG nucleus Area X. These results suggest that DA could trigger song variability changes through its action in Area X. Consistent with this hypothesis, we report that DA delivered to Area X weakens the output signal of the avian cortico-BG circuit. Acting through D1 receptors, DA reduced responses in Area X to song playback and to electrical stimulation of its afferent cortical nucleus HVC (used as a proper name). Specifically, DA reduced the response to direct excitatory input and decreased firing variability in Area X pallidal neurons, which provide the output to the thalamus. As a consequence, DA delivery in Area X also decreased responses to song playback in the cortical output nucleus of the BG loop, the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium. Further, interfering with D1 receptor transmission in Area X abolished social context-related changes in song variability. In conclusion, we propose that DA acts on D1 receptors in Area X to modulate the BG output signal and trigger changes in song variability.
Belief Change: Secondary Teachers’ Class Observation

This essay explores the questions about preservice teachers’ belief about effective teaching, especially their understanding of students, and their expectation from teacher education program. The authors ground their research in theories of teachers’ belief and belief change. Data collected from 35 participants are based on open-ended survey questions. Findings indicate that the participants made a significant change of their belief about students after the guided observation. They believe what they need to learn from teacher education is mainly pedagogical knowledge. The authors conclude that field experience helps students make some change of their belief but they still take a rather simplistic view about teaching.
G6PD deficiency.

T HIRTY-FIVE YEARS ago Dr William Dameshek, the first editor of the emerging journal Blood, invited me to write a review on “The Hemolytic Effect of Primaquine. ”’ At the time, primaquine sensitivity, which had just recently been shown to be caused by a deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD); represented a unique example of an inherited deficiency of an enzyme that caused hemolytic anemia. Although many other red blood cell (RBC) enzyme deficiencies are now k n ~ w n , ~ “ G6PD deficiency still reigns as the most common of all clinically significant enzyme defects, not only in hematology, but in human biology as a whole. A variety of drugs and infections cause hemolytic anemia in persons with the deficiency, and nonhematologic sequelae have been claimed as well. Using classical biochemical techniques, enormous apparent diversity of mutations causing G6PD deficiency was documented in hundreds of publications. The distribution of the deficiency in different populations has been investigated exhaustively, and gene frequencies of over 0.5 have been observed in some ethnic groups. With the advances made possible by the cloning of G6PD cDNA and gene7. * has come a better understanding of the diversity that exists. In this review, I will attempt to put what we have learned in the past 35 years into perspective and to touch upon what still needs to be learned.
Studies of drugs given before anaesthesia. I. A method of pre-operative assessment.

SUMMARY The need exists for a comprehensive study of the effects of drugs given before anaesthesia, including an assessment of their pre-operative effects, action on course of anaesthesia, and sequelae which may be attributed to their use. The subjects for such a study should be from the same sex and age group, from one hospital, and the operative procedure and anaesthetic technique should be constant. A method of pre-operative assessment which evaluates both the desired and toxic effects of the drugs is described. The results of this study can be assessed by a scoring system and ridit analysis. The reproducibility of the method is shown.
Ustekinumab for Resistant Pediatric Crohn Disease.

C rohn disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that, in the pediatric age group, tends to present with a more severe form than in adults and frequently takes a complicated course (1). Biological treatment is a therapeutic option in patients with CD who either do not respond to immunomodulators or present with extensive and penetrating disease. Biological therapies may also be used to reduce symptoms when immunomodulators are unsuitable or ineffective and to promote growth in stunted children (2). Anti– tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) agents, infliximab and adalimumab, are the only biological agents approved for pediatric CD. Oneyear and 5-year response rates to infliximab in pediatric patients are approximately 89% and 50%, respectively (3). The difference between shortand long-term responses is attributed to the emergence of anti-TNF antibodies, among other factors, leading to a loss of response (4). Therapeutic options for pediatric patients with CD who fail anti-TNF treatment are scarce. Biological agents targeted against cytokines and integrins other than TNF have been studied with apparent efficacy in adult patients with CD (5). Ustekinumab is a human monoclonal antibody that targets the p40 subunit of both interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IL-23 and inhibits their activity. IL-12 and IL-23 have a key role in the differentiation and proliferation of TH1 and TH17 cell subsets. Indeed, ustekinumab is approved for psoriasis in adult patients (6), whereas pediatric data are limited to a single published case report (7). In CD, a recent randomized controlled trial (5) has demonstrated that ustekinumab is effective in achieving remission in patients with moderate-to-severe CD. Data regarding efficacy of ustekinumab in pediatric CD are lacking.
Le problème Adam Smith

En 1776, Adam Smith publiait An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, deux gros volumes de plus de 500 pages chacun, pour montrer que ni la quantité de monnaie d'or et d'argent, ni les ressources de son sol ne font la richesse d'une nation, mais son travail ; et que la cause de cette richesse ne doit pas être recherchée dans une balance du commerce favorable, pas plus dans le seul progrès de l'agriculture, mais dans la division du travail. En conséquence, il s'écartait d'une tradition qui remontait à Aristote — et que tous, alors, reprenaient à leur compte — selon laquelle la valeur des biens échangés est fonction de leur utilité, et en instaurait une autre — que les marxistes poursuivent encore — qui fonde la valeur sur le travail.
An Electronic Menstrual Cycle Calendar: Comparison of Data Quality With a Paper Version

Objectives: This pilot study compared a prototype electronic menstrual calendar on a handheld computer with a paper calendar for data quality and participants' perceptions. Design: Twenty‐three women completed identical information about menstrual bleeding and symptoms using paper and electronic calendars for 1 month each. Results: Use of the paper calendar resulted in more missing data than the electronic calendar for bleeding characteristics (13% vs. 4%) and symptoms (35% vs. 4%). The electronic calendar's ability to log data entries revealed retrospective entry for 61% of the data. Total data entry and cleaning time was reduced by 81 % with the electronic calendar. Overall, participants preferred the electronic (70%) to the paper (22%) calendar. Conclusions: Data quality with conventional paper calendars may be poorer than recognized. The data‐logging feature, unique to the electronic calendar, is critical for assessing data quality. Electronic menstrual calendars can be useful data collection tools for research in women's health. (Menopause 2000;7:200‐208. © 2000, The North American Menopause Society.)
Electroencephalographic studies in hereditary myopathy

Recent reports by a number of authors have suggested that electroencephalographic (E.E.G.) abnormalities are often found in patients with progressive muscular dystrophy. Winfield, Britt, and Raskind (1958) reported the finding of nine abnormal records in 12 children with muscular dystrophy subjected to E.E.G. study. The abnormalities consisted of the pattern designated by Gibbs and Gibbs (1952) as 14 and 6 per second positive spikes. Wayne and Browne-Mayers (1959), in a study of 57 dystrophic patients of whom 21 were adults and 36 were children, found a total incidence of definite abnormality in 17 cases. The changes consisted of generalized abnormalities of various kinds and there was no correlation between the severity of the E.E.G. abnormalities and the clinical severity of the dystrophy. Ascione, Matano, and Serra (1959) found E.E.G. changes in five boys with muscular dystrophy, all in the same sib-ship. Thechanges consisted ofgeneralized abnormalities which developed during photic stimulation and hyperventilation. Perlstein, Gibbs, Gibbs, and Stein (1960) reported a large series of examinations on patients suffering from what the authors referred to as various forms of myopathy. Unfortunately, not all of their 101 patients were in fact cases of muscular dystrophy. Included in this series were 22 cases of amyotonia congenita; this is a clinical diagnosis, the syndrome commonly embracing primary neuropathic disorders such as infantile spinal musuclar atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffman disease), as well as various myopathic disorders. A further nine patients are reported to have had 'probable myopathies' but no further details are given. Of the 70 remaining patients, eight were suffering from facioscapulohumeral dystrophy and 62 were children with pseudohypertrophic dystrophy. In these two groups the incidence of abnormalities in the E.E.G. was 45% (28 patients) in the children and 37% (three patients) in the group with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. The most commonly observed abnormalities were 14 and 6 per second positive spikes and these were seen particularly in the children. Di Gruttola, Fanuele, and Berni Canani (1961) studied 12 patients, all children with pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy. They found E.E.G. abnormalities in 10 patients, the changes consisting of slow dominant rhythms and generalized excesses of slow activity; they did not observe any 14 or 6 per second positive spikes.