Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flower Characteristics and the Yield of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) Accessions

The flower characteristics of a plant is one of the important traits correlated to its productivity. Study on flower characteristics is useful to understand how to increase the crop productivity. The research was conducted at Agro Techno Park Center, Indonesian State Ministry of Research and Technology, Bakung Village, Ogan Ilir Distric South Sumatra from April 2007 to August 2008. The objective of this research was to evaluate the flower characteristics and the yield of jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) accessions. The research was arranged in a randomized block design, consisted of fifteen accessions of jatropha, with three replicates. The Jatropha accessions were collected from different agro ecosystems located in Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. The results indicated that the evaluated accessions have significant differences in the flower characteristic and the yields. The ratio male–female flower is the most important character for J. curcas L. because it has a significant correlation to the yield.
THE CHALLENGE OF ‘TECHNOLOGICAL CHOICES’FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE APPROACHES IN ARCHAEOLOGY*

Recently several anthropological and sociological studies have interpreted technologies as cultural choices that are determined as much by local perceptions and the social context as any material constraints or purely functional criteria. Using the example of ceramic technology we consider how materials science studies can contribute to and benefit from this understanding of technology as a social construct. Although we acknowledge some potential difficulties, it is our contention that both materials scientists and archaeologists have gained much and have much to gain by cooperating together to study ancient technologies, and that the concept of 'technological choices' can facilitate a wider consideration of the factors shaping technological developments.
Coordinated Landing and Mapping with Aerial and Ground Vehicle Teams

Micro Umanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Umanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) teams present tremendous opportunities in expanding the range of operations for these vehicles. An effective coordination of these vehicles can take advantage of the strengths of both, while mediate each other’s weaknesses. In particular, a micro UAV typically has limited flight time due to its weak payload capacity. To take advantage of the mobility and sensor coverage of a micro UAV in long range, long duration surveillance mission, a UGV can act as a mobile station for recharging or battery swap, and the ability to perform autonomous docking is a prerequisite for such operations. This work presents an approach to coordinate an autonomous docking between a quadrotor UAV and a skid-steered UGV. A joint controller is designed to eliminate the relative position error between the vehicles. The controller is validated in simulations and successful landing is achieved in indoor environment, as well as outdoor settings with standard sensors and real disturbances. Another goal for this work is to improve the autonomy of UAV-UGV teams in positioning denied environments, a very common scenarios for many robotics applications. In such environments, Simultaneous Mapping and Localization (SLAM) capability is the foundation for all autonomous operations. A successful SLAM algorithm generates maps for path planning and object recognition, while providing localization information for position tracking. This work proposes an SLAM algorithm that is capable of generating high fidelity surface model of the surrounding, while accurately estimating the camera pose in real-time. This algorithm improves on a clear deficiency of its predecessor in its ability to perform dense reconstruction without strict volume limitation, enabling practical deployment of this algorithm on robotic systems.
Transitivity Analysis of American President Donald Trump’s Inaugural Address

Political public speeches cause a large amount of attention, due to their political, economic and cultural influence. This thesis adopts Systemic-Functional Grammar as its theoretical framework to conduct a transitivity analysis in American President Donald Trump’s Inaugural Address. The aim of this thesis is to find the political motivation hidden by the form of language. At the same time, this thesis tries to explore the deep social significance via transitivity analysis of the ideational function. In Donald Trump’s Inaugural Address, the material process is the most frequently used process. The relational process and the mental process take the second and the third respectively. In transferring power to the people, material process is strongly involved. In advocating for U.S. interests in international contacts -- America first, relational process top the list of all the six processes. In recovering the audience’s confidence and looking forward to a better future, American President Donald Trump applied different mental processes. On the basis of the study, the researchers can better understand the thinking manner and cultural features of Westerners. Besides, it is a worthy study to uncover more differences of language expression between the East and the West.
WRF-Chem model predictions of the regional impacts of N2O5 heterogeneous processes on night-time chemistry over north-western Europe

Abstract. Chemical modelling studies have been conducted over north-western Europe in summer conditions, showing that night-time dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) heterogeneous reactive uptake is important regionally in modulating particulate nitrate and has a~modest influence on oxidative chemistry. Results from Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model simulations, run with a detailed volatile organic compound (VOC) gas-phase chemistry scheme and the Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC) sectional aerosol scheme, were compared with a series of airborne gas and particulate measurements made over the UK in July 2010. Modelled mixing ratios of key gas-phase species were reasonably accurate (correlations with measurements of 0.7–0.9 for NO2 and O3). However modelled loadings of particulate species were less accurate (correlation with measurements for particulate sulfate and ammonium were between 0.0 and 0.6). Sulfate mass loadings were particularly low (modelled means of 0.5–0.7 μg kg−1air, compared with measurements of 1.0–1.5 μg kg−1air). Two flights from the campaign were used as test cases – one with low relative humidity (RH) (60–70%), the other with high RH (80–90%). N2O5 heterogeneous chemistry was found to not be important in the low-RH test case; but in the high-RH test case it had a strong effect and significantly improved the agreement between modelled and measured NO3 and N2O5. When the model failed to capture atmospheric RH correctly, the modelled NO3 and N2O5 mixing ratios for these flights differed significantly from the measurements. This demonstrates that, for regional modelling which involves heterogeneous processes, it is essential to capture the ambient temperature and water vapour profiles. The night-time NO3 oxidation of VOCs across the whole region was found to be 100–300 times slower than the daytime OH oxidation of these compounds. The difference in contribution was less for alkenes (× 80) and comparable for dimethylsulfide (DMS). However the suppression of NO3 mixing ratios across the domain by N2O5 heterogeneous chemistry has only a very slight, negative, influence on this oxidative capacity. The influence on regional particulate nitrate mass loadings is stronger. Night-time N2O5 heterogeneous chemistry maintains the production of particulate nitrate within polluted regions: when this process is taken into consideration, the daytime peak (for the 95th percentile) of PM10 nitrate mass loadings remains around 5.6 μg kg−1air, but the night-time minimum increases from 3.5 to 4.6 μg kg−1air. The sustaining of higher particulate mass loadings through the night by this process improves model skill at matching measured aerosol nitrate diurnal cycles and will negatively impact on regional air quality, requiring this process to be included in regional models.
Synthesized Policies for Transfer and Adaptation across Tasks and Environments

The ability to transfer in reinforcement learning is key towards building an agent of general artificial intelligence. In this paper, we consider the problem of learning to simultaneously transfer across both environments and tasks, probably more importantly, by learning from only sparse (environment, task) pairs out of all the possible combinations. We propose a novel compositional neural network architecture which depicts a meta rule for composing policies from environment and task embeddings. Notably, one of the main challenges is to learn the embeddings jointly with the meta rule. We further propose new training methods to disentangle the embeddings, making them both distinctive signatures of the environments and tasks and effective building blocks for composing the policies. Experiments on GridWorld and THOR, of which the agent takes as input an egocentric view, show that our approach gives rise to high success rates on all the (environment, task) pairs after learning from only 40% of them.
Disproportionality among African American Students at the Secondary Level: Examining the MID Disability Category.

Concern and research involving the overrepresentation of African American students in the category of mild intellectual disability (MID) has existed for over four decades. Yet, little research focuses exclusively on the disproportionate representation of African American students at the secondary level. This study analyzed the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) data using composition index and relative risk ratio approaches to explore the proportion of African American students in the disability category of MID at the secondary level. Additionally, logistic regression analyses were used to examine whether ethnicity predicted the likelihood of a student being identified as MID. African American students were overrepresented in the disability category of MID and logistic regression results indicated ethnicity predicted the likelihood of students having MID.
Intrinsic Timing Jitter and Latency in Superconducting Nanowire Single-photon Detectors

We analyze the origin of the intrinsic timing jitter in superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) in terms of fluctuations in the latency of the detector response, which is determined by the microscopic physics of the photon detection process. We demonstrate that fluctuations in the physical parameters which determine the latency give rise to the intrinsic timing jitter. We develop a general description of latency by introducing the explicit time dependence of the internal detection efficiency. By considering the dynamic Fano fluctuations together with static spatial inhomogeneities, we study the details of the connection between latency and timing jitter. We develop both a simple phenomenological model and a more general microscopic model of detector latency and timing jitter based on the solution of the generalized time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations for the 1D hotbelt geometry. While the analytical model is sufficient for qualitative interpretation of recent data, the general approach establishes the framework for a quantitative analysis of detector latency and the fundamental limits of intrinsic timing jitter. These theoretical advances can be used to interpret the results of recent experiments measuring the dependence of detection latency and timing jitter on photon energy to the few-picosecond level.
An Investigation of the Diels-Alder Reaction of 2,4-Hexadiene with Sulfur Dioxide and a Novel Procedure for Non-Orthogonal Localisation of Molecular Orbitals.

This thesis is divided into four parts, which reflect the various components of the research covered. The introductory section covers the essential, basic quantum chemistry necessary for any fruitful study in the subject; a review of necessary tools is given which ranges in topic from the presentation of Schrodinger 's equation for many-body theory to density functional theory versus perturbation theory. After a clear exposition of these topics, their practical implementation to characterise the Diels-Alder reaction of 2,4-hexadiene with sulfur dioxide is described. This theoretical study is rooted in the experiments on the same reaction; additionally, a previous – albeit, more elementary – theoretical study was also completed by another group. The work herein is distinct in two ways: first, all possible isomers of the diene were investigated; secondly, the reactions were studied with greater accuracy and results were compared using different methods. Additionally, the molecular orbitals of the reaction were localised using standard techniques in the literature. The third section of the thesis is devoted to clearly covering a series of numerical methods which can be used to solve common problems encountered in quantum chemistry. A discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of each method is also given. Although, it is true that many of these methods are implemented in stable quantum chemistry packages, these methods were primarily discussed in light of their potential application for solving the, yet unresolved, issue of constructing highly localised non-orthogonal molecular orbitals. To date, localised molecular orbitals are constructed as linear combinations of atomic orbitals with the restriction that the molecular orbitals form an orthonormal set; while mathematically convenient, the constraint that the set be orthogonal is unrealistic and its removal should allow for constructing non-orthogonal LMOs. Presented is an original solution to Boys' functional for optimising the construction of non-orthogonal molecular orbitals.
Analysing the effect of drought on net primary productivity of tropical rainforests in Queensland using MODIS satellite imagery

The changing climate is characterised by increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events that include cyclones, drought, flooding, heatwaves and snowing. Such climatic patterns are predicted to have negative effects on tropical forests. Given the role played by these forests in hydrological cycle, carbon cycling and biodiversity, it is crucial to quantify these effects to ensure adequate monitoring and management of these forest ecosystems. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of drought on the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of tropical rainforests. The specific objectives were to a) determine existing trends of NPP over the study period, b) assess the relationship between NPP and climatic - biophysical factors, c) analyse the effect of drought on NPP, and d) evaluate inter-annual variation of NPP. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery, thematic data sets and climatic data sets were acquired and analysed using GIS techniques, image processing tools and statistical techniques. Correlation and regression analyses were used to establish relationship between NPP and climatic-biophysical factors. NPP had a positive trend over the study period even though there was a significant reduction of NPP in 2003 and 2006 as a result of drought events in 2002 and 2005, respectively. A significantly high r2 (0.8) was achieved when comparing rainfall of current year and NPP of subsequent year. In this study, it was concluded that rainfall and drought had a lag effect on NPP. The interannual variation of NPP in this region was significantly (P < 0.001) influenced by the rainfall amount (r = 0.8), maximum temperature (r = 0.8), solar radiation (r = 0.84) and potential evaporation (r = -0.61). The influence of temperature was evident within distinct periods (cycles). The index representing soil water holding capacity in the B horizon was found to have a positive relationship (r = 0.82) with NPP. The other biophysical factors (slope, DEM, aspect and terrain wetness index) did not exhibit strong correlations with NPP, indicating a weak influence. The influence exerted by the interaction of biophysical and climatic factors on NPP requires more research.
Predator-Prey Interactions Between Hellbenders (Cryptobranchus Alleganiensis Alleganiensis And C.A. Bishopi) And Native And Nonnative Fishes

The introduction of nonnative fishes often results in the local extinction of native amphibians due to a lack of evolutionary history and therefore, minimally-adapted antipredator behaviors toward the introduced fishes. Populations of hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) in Missouri have declined considerably since the 1980’s, coinciding with a rapid increase in trout introductions for recreational angling. I examined hellbender and fish predator-prey interactions by: (1) examining the foraging behavior of predatory fishes in response to a hellbender secretion; (2) comparing the number of secretion and control-soaked food pellets consumed by trout; and (3) comparing the response of larval hellbenders to chemical stimuli from introduced (trout) and native fish predators. Brown trout, walleye and large banded sculpin respond to hellbender secretions with increased activity while small banded sculpin responded by decreasing activity. In addition, brown trout ingested more hellbender secretion-soaked food pellets than control pellets, while rainbow trout expelled secretion-soaked food pellets. Finally, larval hellbenders exhibited weak fright behavior in response to chemical stimuli from nonnative trout relative to their responses to native predatory fish stimuli. These combinations of responses indicate that predation by nonnative fishes may be a plausible hypothesis for the decline of hellbender populations in Missouri.
The Role Of The Concept Of Ï¿½Growth Polesï¿½ For Regional Development

This study analyses determinants of the concept of "points of growth" at regional level. The definition of the concept of growth points is considered in terms of economic development of the region, which integrates into the global world. As a basic model of local development is proposed to use the theory for Growth Poles of Frani? ½ois Perroux, that later was supplemented by Albert Hirschman. To estimate the possible practical applications of the theory for Growth Poles in the development of local economic development programs and regional planning in the article it is considered the adaptive model of "growth points" with feedback. Using the proposed model allows us to develop an algorithm for the local public administration to identify the most prospective areas for attracting FDI.
Responses of soilless grown tomato plants to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal ( Glomus fasciculatum ) colonization in re-cycling and open systems

Mycorrhizal fungi species Glomus fasciculatum was used to determine its effects on tomato growth, yield, fruit properties, nutrient uptake and substrate ion accumulation of plants grown hydroponically under open and re-cycling (closed) perlite substrate. AM inoculation in both open and closed soilless systems did not increasingly influence the vegetative plant growing and nutrient uptake of tomato cultivar M19. However, fruit yield absolutely increased with inoculation. AM inoculated tomato plants could effectively use photo assimilates for fruit production instead of vegetative growing. In the closed system with AM, ion accumulation and EC increases (salinity effects) were well controlled. Results indicated that mycorrhizal inoculation improved yield and fruit size, which can help alleviate deleterious effects of re-cycling soilless systems for tomato crop.
The Ratio of Lumbar to Hip Motion during the Trunk Flexion in Patients with Mechanical Chronic Low Back Pain According to O'Sullivan Classification System: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background Static and dynamic postures of lumbopelvic in low back pain (LBP) are considered as two important aspects of clinical assessment and management of LBP. Thus, the focus of the current study was to compare the posture and compensatory strategy of hip and lumbar region during trunk flexion between LBP subgroupsand health subjects. LBP cases are subdivided into active extension pattern (AEP) and flexion pattern (FP) based on O'Sullivan's classification system (OCS). Methods This work was a cross-sectional study involving 72 men, 21 low back pain patients with FP and 31 low back pain patients with AEP and 20 healthy groups. Lumbar and hip angles during trunk flexion were measured by a 3D motion analysis system in neutral standing posture and end-range of trunk flexion. The participants were asked to full bend without any flexion of the knees. The bending speed was preferential. Hip and lumbar ranges of motion were divided into four quartiles (Q). The quartiles were compared between groups. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test. Results There was no statistically significant difference in lumbar lordosis in standing and full trunk flexion positions between the healthy groups and heterogeneous LBP groups. In addition, there was not any statistically significant difference between the healthy group and the homogenous LBP group (FP and AEP). Moreover, no statistically significant difference was observed in hip angles during standing between the healthy group and the heterogeneous LBP group, and between the healthy group and the homogenous LBP group (FP and AEP). In full trunk flexion position, there was statistically significant difference in hip angles between the healthy group and the heterogeneous LBP group (P=0.026). In this position, the difference in hip angles between the healthy group and FP group was statistically significant (P<0.05). In the second Q, there was no significant difference between the healthy group and the heterogeneous LBP group (P=0.062), however, there was a significant difference between FP group and the healthy group in the fourth Q of the total hip range of motion. There was no statistically significant difference between the healthy group and the heterogeneous LBP group (P=0.054) but there was a difference between FP group and the healthy group. Lumbar/hip motion ratio (L/H ratio) was different between and within the subgroups in the second Q. Conclusion This study supported the subgrouping of LBP and showed that the difference between subgroups could be determined effectively through subdividing the total range of lumbar and hip motions into smaller portions. It is possible that the neuromuscular system selects different strategies to compensate and prevent further injury of the chain components (muscle, joint, nerve and etc.). Level of evidence IV.