Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clozapine-Related Constipation: A Retrospective Study

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine | Volume 41 | Issue 5 | September-October 2019 485 4. Patel V, Cohen A, Thara R, Gureje O. Is the outcome of schizophrenia really better in developing countries? Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2006;28:149-52. 5. Chatterjee S, Naik S, John S, Dabholkar H, Balaji M, Koschorke M, et al. Effectiveness of a community-based intervention for people with schizophrenia and their caregivers in India (COPSI): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England) 2014;383:1385-94. 6. Suresh KK, Kumar CN, Thirthalli J, Venkatesh BK. Work functioning of schizophrenia patients in a rural south Indian community: Status at 4-year follow-up. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2012;47:1865-71. 7. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 [Internet]. [cited 2019 Mar 21]. Available from: http:// nrega.nic. in/netnrega/mgnrega_new/Nrega_home. aspx. 8. Rural Development – Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara [Internet]. [cited 2019 Mar 21]. Available from: https://www. shridharmasthala.org/rural-development/. 9. Kumar C, Thir thall i J, Suresha K, Venkatesh B, Arunachala U, Gangadhar B, et al. Antipsychotic treatment, psychoeducation and regular follow up as a public health strategy for schizophrenia: Results from a prospective study. Indian J Med Res 2017;146:34. 10. Balaji M, Chatterjee S, Koschorke M, Rangaswamy T, Chavan A, Dabholkar H, et al. The development of a lay health worker delivered collaborative community based intervention for people with schizophrenia in India. BMC Health Serv Res 2012;12:42. 11. Thirthalli J, Venkatesh BK, Kishorekumar KV, Arunachala U, Venkatasubramanian G, Subbakrishna DK, et al. Prospective comparison of course of disability in antipsychotic-treated and untreated schizophrenia patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2009;119:209-17.
Colonoscopy outcome in North of Iran (Guilan): 2006-2009.

UNLABELLED Colonoscopy is a procedure that used largely, in assessment, screening & management of lower gastrointestinal disease. Some of these diseases that assessed are colorectal cancer, polyps & inflammatory bowel disease. The goal of this study is determining of frequency of lower GI disease among patient who have elective colonoscopy. This cross-sectional study was conducted retrospective. Samples collected from the census method of colonoscopy patients in Razi hospital, from March 21th in 2006 to March 20th in 2009. Patients' data including age, sex, location and type of lesion found by colonoscopy and pathology diagnosis were collected and at the end necessary information collected into the SPSS software (version 16) for analyzing with the help of statistical tests Chi-square. Significant findings: Of 1398 patients, 683 patients (48/8 %) were male and 715 (51/2 %) were female 494 patients (35/3%) had normal results. Hemorrhoids (22/6 %) and polyps (14/8 %) were the most abundant lesions discovered by colonoscopy. The most common site of lesions among patients with abnormal colonoscopy findings, were anal canal and anus (43/8 %) and rectosigmoid (26%). The findings in both males and females, revealed no statistical differences. CONCLUSION Colonoscopic detection of hemorrhoids is a common finding in patient undergone colonoscopy. The most frequent site for lesions which found in anal canal and anus. In addition to, normal findings had a high rate and it indicates that unnecessary colonoscopy have been required by physicians.
A review of experience with irradiation of brain metastasis.

A new series of 560 patients with intracranial metastases, treated by irradiation, has been reviewed and the results are reported.In this series worthwhile palliation was obtained in 54 per cent of the total number of patients, and 80 per cent of the 376 patients who completed the planned course of irradiation, and were available for evaluation. The mean duration of remission was 5 months and the median duration 3 months.The use of supervoltage irradiation and adjuvant corticosteroids reduced radiation reactions and permitted easier administration of irradiation, but there was no influence on the over-all response rate or duration of response when compared to 250 kvp. irradiation without adjuvant corticosteroids. The results were comparable with those reported previously.Since most patients have multiple metastatic foci in brain, we continue to advocate total brain irradiation to a dose of 3,500 rads in 3 to 4 weeks.
Proliferation, migration and differentiation of ependymal region neural progenitor cells in the brainstem after hypoglossal nerve avulsion.

PURPOSE Cells in the ependymal region in the adult central nervous system (CNS) have been found to possess neural progenitor cell (NPC) like features including capacity for generating new neurons and glia in response to injury and inflammatory disease. Whether these cells are activated after a peripheral nerve injury has not previously been extensively evaluated. METHODS We investigate the possible activation and effect of NPCs in the ependymal region in the immediate vicinity to the hypoglossal nucleus in the brainstem using two models of injuries, hypoglossal nerve transection and nerve avulsion after which the proliferation, migration and differentiation of ependymal regional NPCs were evaluated. RESULTS We showed that: (i) immunoreactivity for Sox2 was detected in cells in the ependymal region of the brainstem and that BrdU/Sox2-positive cells were observed after avulsion, but not after transection injury; (ii) avulsion induces re-expression of nestin in the ependymal layer as well as induced NPC migration from the ependymal layer; (iii) the chemokine SDF-1α (a marker for migrating cells) was upregulated ipsilateral to the nerve injury; (iiii) the NPCs migrating differentiated only into GFAP-positive astrocytes in the hypoglossal nucleus. CONCLUSION These results suggest that nerve avulsion injury induces in parallel with the retrograde "axon reaction" activation of endogenous NPCs in the ependymal region and further suggest that these cells could be involved in repair and neuroregeneration after injury within the brainstem.
Essays in applied macroeconomic theory

This thesis comprises three self-contained chapters that deal with macro-finance, growth and development topics. All essays use an applied theory approach to investigate the impact of frictions on the macroeconomy through their effect on individual incentives. In Chapter 2, I study how banks’ exposure to their home country sovereign default risk affects unconventional monetary policy in a monetary union. Chapter 3 finds asymmetric information friction to be a possible cause for low fertility across developed countries. Chapter 4 is joint work with Salvatore Piccolo, in which we study how stronger family ties reduce the quality of institutions and increase income inequality in a country.
Urinary tract infection in nephrotic syndrome.

BACKGROUND The aim was to study the frequency, etiology and predisposing factors of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children with nephrotic syndrome. METHODS A retrospective analysis of all children with nephrotic syndrome was made to determine the occurrence of infectious complications. RESULTS UTI was found to be the most common infection (40.26%); 49 episodes of culture-positive UTI were observed in 37 children. All 49 episodes occurred in patients who were initially considered to be steroid nonresponders or in relapse. Fourteen of the 49 episodes (28.6%) were asymptomatic. One child had Grade IV reflux and another had a ureteric calculus. The majority of the children had no underlying urinary tract malformations. The children with UTI had significantly lower serum albumin (P < 0.05) and higher serum cholesterol (P < 0.001) concentrations than the group of 206 children without infections. Non-Escherichia coli organisms accounted for 39% of the culture isolates. CONCLUSIONS We believe that UTI is an important but often underdiagnosed infection in children with nephrotic syndrome.
Design of complex-coefficient variable digital filters using successive vector-array decomposition

Singular-value decomposition (SVD) can be efficiently utilized to obtain the optimal vector-array decomposition (VAD) for simplifying real-coefficient variable digital filter design problem, but the SVD-based VAD methods are not applicable to the design of complex-coefficient variable filters. This paper proposes a successive algorithm for decomposing arbitrary multidimensional complex array into the VAD form, and thus, a complex-coefficient variable digital filter with arbitrary variable frequency response can be easily obtained through constant complex-coefficient filter design and multidimensional polynomial fitting. The new VAD algorithm successively decomposes the complex array and its residual arrays into the vector-array pairs stage by stage, and each stage contains an iterative optimization that can be easily solved in a closed-form. Our computer simulations have demonstrated that the successive VAD converges very fast to the optimal solution.
Reduction of Small Fibers of Thoracic Ventral Roots and Neurons of Intermediolateral Nucleus in Parkinson Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Loss of intermediolateral nucleus (IML) neurons is considered to play a major role in orthostatic hypotension (OH) of multiple system atrophy (MSA). In Parkinson disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), autonomic phenomena such as OH are common and attributed to dysfunction of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral autonomic neurons. However, apart from MSA, few reports have focused on the neuropathologic aspects in PD and DLB. Here we assessed IML degeneration as well as the fine myelinated fibers (FFs; maximum diameter less than 3 μm) considered to be preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers derived from IML neurons in PD, DLB, MSA, and age-matched normal controls (NC). METHODS We counted IML neurons and measured the diameter and number of myelinated fibers of the ventral root at the level of the 12th thoracic segment. RESULTS Compared to NC, number of IML neurons and density of FF were significantly reduced in PD (53% and 67%), DLB (47% and 71%) and MSA (27% and 42%). Compared to combined group of PD and DLB without OH (OH-), IML neurons in combined group of PD and DLB with OH (OH+) were significantly reduced (77%). Compared to NC, FF densities in OH-, OH+ were significantly reduced (74% and 59%). The mean ratio of small to large myelinated fibers in OH+ (1.18), but not that in OH-(1.58), was significantly lower than that in NC (3.17). CONCLUSIONS We present neuropathological evidence that IML neurons and FFs in the ventral root are reduced in PD and DLB and that the reduction was more severe in the combined group of OH+ than in OH-.
Unique role for translation initiation factor 3 in the light color regulation of photosynthetic gene expression

Significance The regulation of photosynthesis is important, yet poorly understood. Our work reveals a previously undescribed form of photosynthesis gene regulation in cyanobacteria that apparently also controls gene expression in plants, including commercially important crops. This finding may provide a unique approach to modifying the environmental responses and developmental programs of agriculturally important species. In addition, translation is a key biological process, and many of its important features and regulation remain to be described. Initiation is the rate-limiting step of translation, making it a critical point for regulation. Our finding that translation initiation factor 3 families exist with common roles in initiation and individual roles in regulating gene expression provides additional insights into the translation mechanism and its regulation. Light-harvesting antennae are critical for collecting energy from sunlight and providing it to photosynthetic reaction centers. Their abundance and composition are tightly regulated to maintain efficient photosynthesis in changing light conditions. Many cyanobacteria alter their light-harvesting antennae in response to changes in ambient light-color conditions through the process of chromatic acclimation. The control of green light induction (Cgi) pathway is a light-color-sensing system that controls the expression of photosynthetic genes during chromatic acclimation, and while some evidence suggests that it operates via transcription attenuation, the components of this pathway have not been identified. We provide evidence that translation initiation factor 3 (IF3), an essential component of the prokaryotic translation initiation machinery that binds the 30S subunit and blocks premature association with the 50S subunit, is part of the control of green light induction pathway. Light regulation of gene expression has not been previously described for any translation initiation factor. Surprisingly, deletion of the IF3-encoding gene infCa was not lethal in the filamentous cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon, and its genome was found to contain a second, redundant, highly divergent infC gene which, when deleted, had no effect on photosynthetic gene expression. Either gene could complement an Escherichia coli infC mutant and thus both encode bona fide IF3s. Analysis of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome databases established that multiple infC genes are present in the genomes of diverse groups of bacteria and land plants, most of which do not undergo chromatic acclimation. This suggests that IF3 may have repeatedly evolved important roles in the regulation of gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Prediction of normal bone anatomy for the planning of corrective osteotomies of malunited forearm bones using a three‐dimensional statistical shape model

Corrective osteotomies of the forearm based on 3D computer simulation using contralateral anatomy as a reconstruction template is an approved method. Limitations are existing considerable differences between left and right forearms, and that a healthy contralateral anatomy is required. We evaluated if a computer model, not relying on the contralateral anatomy, may replace the current method by predicting the pre‐traumatic healthy shape. A statistical shape model (SSM) was generated from a set of 59 CT scans of healthy forearms, encoding the normal anatomical variations. Three different configurations were simulated to predict the pre‐traumatic shape with the SSM (cross‐validation). In the first two, only the distal or proximal 50% of the radius were considered as pathological. In a third configuration, the entire radius was assumed to be pathological, only the ulna being intact. Corresponding experiments were performed with the ulna. Accuracy of the prediction was assessed by comparing the predicted bone with the healthy model. For the radius, mean rotation accuracy of the prediction between 2.9 ± 2.2° and 4.0 ± 3.1° in pronation/supination, 0.4 ± 0.3° and 0.6 ± 0.5° in flexion/extension, between 0.5 ± 0.3° and 0.5 ± 0.4° in radial‐/ulnarduction. Mean translation accuracy along the same axes between 0.8 ± 0.7 and 1.0 ± 0.8 mm, 0.5 ± 0.4 and 0.6 ± 0.4 mm, 0.6 ± 0.4 and 0.6 ± 0.5 mm, respectively. For the ulna, mean rotation accuracy between 2.4 ± 1.9° and 4.7 ± 3.8° in pronation/supination, 0.3 ± 0.3° and 0.8 ± 0.6° in flexion/extension, 0.3 ± 0.2° and 0.7 ± 0.6° in radial‐/ulnarduction. Mean translation accuracy between 0.6 ± 0.4 mm and 1.3 ± 0.9 mm, 0.4 ± 0.4 mm and 0.7 ± 0.5 mm, 0.5 ± 0.4 mm and 0.8 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. This technique provided high accuracy, and may replace the current method, if validated in clinical studies. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2630–2636, 2017.
High-Resolution Quantitative Imaging of Cornea Elasticity Using Supersonic Shear Imaging

The noninvasive estimation of in vivo mechanical properties of cornea is envisioned to find several applications in ophthalmology. Such high-resolution measurements of local cornea stiffness could lead to a better anticipation and understanding of corneal pathologies such as Keratoconus. It could also provide a quantitative evaluation of corneal biomechanical response after corneal refractive surgeries and a tool for evaluating the efficacy of new cornea treatments such as cornea transplant using femtosecond laser or therapy based on Riboflavin/UltraViolet-A Corneal Cross Linking (UVA CXL). In the very important issue of glaucoma diagnosis and management, the fine tuning corneal elasticity measurement could also succeed to strongly correlate the applanation tonometry with the "true" intra-ocular pressure (IOP). This initial investigation evaluates the ability of ultrafast and high-resolution ultrasonic systems to provide a real-time and quantitative mapping of corneal viscoelasticity. Quantitative elasticity maps were acquired ex vivo on porcine cornea using the supersonic shear imaging (SSI) technique. A conventional 15 MHz linear probe was used to perform conventional ultrasonic imaging of the cornea. A dedicated ultrasonic sequence combines the generation of a remote palpation in the cornea and ultrafast (20 000 frames/s) ultrasonic imaging of the resulting corneal displacements that evolve into a shear wave propagation whose local speed was directly linked to local elasticity. A quantitative high-resolution map (150 mum resolution) of local corneal elasticity can be provided by this dedicated sequence of ultrasonic insonifications. Quantitative maps of corneal elasticity were obtained on ex vivo freshly enucleated porcine corneas. In the cornea, a quite homogenous stiffness map was found with a 190 kPa +/ - 32 kPa mean elasticity. The influence of photodynamic Riboflavin/UVA induced CXL was measured. A significant Young's modulus increase was obtained with a mean 890 kPa + / - 250 kPa posttreatment Young's modulus (460% increase), located in the anterior part of the cornea. Simulations based on 3-D time domain finite differences simulation were also performed and found to be in good agreement with ex vivo experiments. The SSI technique can perform real-time, noninvasive, high-resolution, and quantitative maps of the whole corneal elasticity. This technique could be real time and straightforward adapted for a very wide field of in vivo investigations.
Blended Learning In Elementary Schools: An Interdependent Enterprise

2 Evolution of the Study – The Problem The shift from traditional to blended learning in education is momentous, and the role of the teacher changes from a knowledge provider to a learning coach. With blended learning, the teacher supports the learning and students strengthen their learner agency. In the research, what I consider Principal leadership aspects, or characteristics and traits, influence the decision making through the shift from traditional to blended learning.
State IQ and Elderly Suicide Rates in the United States

Paralleling previous findings with state suicide rates of the total population, the associations of state suicide rates of elderly persons with regional IQ estimates across the USA were inconsistent (positive, negative, or nil), depending on the source of available state IQ estimates used in the analysis. The implications of these findings and directions for further inquiry are discussed.
Banking Deregulation, Local Credit Supply, and Small-Business Growth

The deregulation of bank branching in the United States reduced the sensitivity of small-business growth to local credit supply. In urban markets, within-state deregulation resulted in a 50 percent decrease in the effect of local deposit growth on employment and payroll growth. This effect is concentrated in establishments with 20–99 employees. These results hold for states that deregulated branching in response to litigation unrelated to economic conditions. These findings suggest that the large multimarket banks enabled by deregulation play an important role in insuring firms against local shocks to credit supply.
Assessing Resident Safety Culture in Nursing Homes: Using the Nursing Home Survey on Resident Safety

Objectives: To examine the overall responses of nursing home staff to a newly developed nursing home specific survey instrument to assess patient safety culture (PSC) and to examine whether nursing home staff (including administrator/manager, licensed nurse, nurse aide, direct care staff, and support staff) differ in their PSC ratings. Methods: Data were collected in late 2007 through early 2008 using a survey administered to staff in each of 40 nursing homes. In 4 of these nursing homes, the responses of different staff were identified. The Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture was used to assess the 12 domains of the PSC and identify differences in PSC perceptions between staff. Results: For the 40 nursing homes in the sample, the overall facility response rate was 72%. For the 4 nursing homes of interest, the overall facility response rate was 68.9%. The aggregate Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture scores, using all staff types for all survey items, show that most respondents report a poor PSC. However, administrators/managers had more positive scores than the other staff types (P < 0.05) across most domains. Conclusions: Staff in nursing homes generally agree that PSC is poor. This may have a significant impact on quality of care and quality of life for residents.
Effects Of Collateral On Loan Repayment: Evidence From An Informal Lending Institution

ABSTRACT We examine the effect of the collateral informal lenders use to ensure loan repayment. Specifically we measure how the use of movable and immovable assets affects loan repayment and delinquency rate, and assess the extent to which guarantorship and relationship-lending act as collateral to improve loan repayment. With a dataset of 835 individual borrowers drawn from an informal Tanzanian lending institution, we run descriptive and econometric models. The results suggest that movable assets increase the likelihood that borrowers perceived to be less creditworthy will obtain loans from informal sources and repay them. We also find a small proportion of customers to have pledged immovable assets as collateral when borrowing from informal lenders. The results also show the positive effect of referral, which implies that relationship lending and social collateral is key to increasing access to finance through informal lenders. Our results contribute to the advancement of economic theory, specifically in the ex-ante and ex-post-related literature.
Classification and recognition in artificial grammar learning: Analysis of receiver operating characteristics

In two experiments we investigated recognition and classification judgements using an artificial grammar learning paradigm. In Experiment 1, when only new test items had to be judged, analysis of z-transformed receiver operating characteristics (z-ROCs) revealed no differences between classification and recognition. In Experiment 2, where we included old test items, z-ROCs in the two tasks differed, suggesting that judgements relied on different types of information. The results are interpreted in terms of heuristics that people use when making classification and recognition judgements.