Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Malignancies incidentally detected at lung transplantation: radiologic and pathologic features.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the CT-pathologic features of cancer incidentally detected at lung transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our lung transplant registry was reviewed over 7 years for incidental malignancy. Patient demographics, diffuse lung disease, surgical procedure, histopathology, and chest CT were recorded. We correlated lesion size, morphology, multiplicity, and location with surgical and pathology reports and histopathology. Cancers were pathologically staged. RESULTS Of 759 lung transplant recipients, cancer was incidentally detected in 22 (2.9%). Half (11 of 258) or 4.3% were detected within the past 2 years. Four patients had a history of treated malignancy, and three had recurrence. Patients had emphysema (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]) (n = 10), fibrosis (n = 10), or combined COPD and fibrosis (n = 2). Histopathology revealed 13 solitary lung carcinomas, four multifocal adenocarcinomas, three metastases, and two lymphoproliferative diseases. Lung cancer (n = 17) stages were I or II (n = 13), IIIA (n = 2), or IV (n = 2). Metastases (n = 3) and lymphoproliferative disease (n = 2) represented advanced disease. The interval between CT and surgery was a mean of 4 months. CT-positive cases (n = 10) represented lung cancer (n = 9) and posttrans-plantation lymphoproliferative disease (n = 1). Cases with no CT findings of malignancy (n = 12) included lung cancer (n = 8), metastases (n = 3), and lymphoma (n = 1). Ten cases (45%) had other histologically benign CT abnormalities that mimicked cancer. CONCLUSION Detection of incidental malignancy at lung transplantation has increased over the past 2 years. Malignancies were typically stage I or II lung cancers that were occult or indeterminate on CT. Diffuse lung disease, multiple CT abnormalities, and a delay between CT and transplantation compromise the preoperative diagnosis of cancer.
Neurocognitive complications after coronary artery bypass surgery

Both short‐ and long‐term cognitive changes continue to occur after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but the pathophysiology of these neurobehavioral changes remains incompletely understood. The persistence of mild postoperative neurocognitive changes despite multiple improvements in the cardiopulmonary bypass procedure may be partially because of surgical populations being older and having more prevalent comorbid disease. The cause of the early postoperative changes is most likely multifactorial and may include ischemic injury from microemboli, hypoperfusion, and other factors resulting from major surgery. Several lines of evidence suggest that the late cognitive decline between 1 and 5 years after surgery may be secondary to high rates of cerebrovascular disease among candidates for CABG. A history of hypertension and other risk factors for vascular disease is known to be associated with increased risk for long‐term cognitive decline in community‐dwelling elderly individuals. Cerebrovascular risk factors are also associated with silent magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in patients undergoing CABG. Thus, whereas both short‐ and long‐term postoperative cognitive changes have been associated with CABG, only the short‐term, transient changes appear to be directly related to the use of cardiopulmonary bypass.Ann Neurol 2005;57:615–621
Which Route to Recovery?

New learning often interferes with the production of older, previously learned responses. However, the original responses usually appear to spontaneously recover and regain their dominance after a delay. This article takes a new approach to questions of interference and recovery by examining performance on immediate and delayed tests using direct or indirect instructions. Direct instructions asked participants to deliberately retrieve the original responses, and indirect instructions allowed them to respond on a more automatic basis, using whatever response came to mind first. Results suggest that interference and recovery may have their largest effects via relatively automatic influences on memory, such as the accessibility of new versus original information. This finding adds a new perspective to classic theories of interference and recovery, and may also inform current understanding of performance in populations (e.g., older adults) that often rely predominantly on automatic memory processing.
Children's Perceptions of Their Own Malocclusions

Recognition by a parent or child of an occlusal abnormality is one of the many factors which may influence a desire for orthodontic treatment. Non-orthodontists may not estimate the severity of malocclusion reliably and may use different criteria from orthodontists for the process. The present study therefore sought to examine the reliability of parents' and children's perceptions of the children's own malocclusions with rating scales under two anchoring conditions and to test the discrepancy between their estimates and those of a panel of orthodontists. The children's and parents' assessments had limited test-retest reliability but instead of making guesses about the severity of their malocclusions they consistently gave low estimates. These effects were not influenced by the additional anchoring stimuli.
ENDOTHELIN RECEPTOR DISTRIBUTION AND FUNCTION IN THE AIRWAYS

1. Within the lung, endothelin (ET)‐1 is synthesized and released by airway epithelial and vascular endothelial cells, as well as by inflammatory cells, such as macrophages. Following release, ET‐1 can modulate the activities of a wide range of different cell types within the lung through the stimulation of specific endothelin ETA and ETB receptors. The present review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the distribution and function of endothelin receptors within the airway wall and peripheral lung and, where possible, particular attention is given to studies using human cells, tissues and subjects.
Spontaneous reduction of intussusception: verification with US.

PURPOSE To report cases of spontaneous reduction of intussusception. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors reviewed the clinical and imaging findings in four patients with intussusception. Patients ranged in age from 3 to 7 months and were seen over a 12-year period. RESULTS Intussusception was diagnosed with ultrasound (US) in all four patients; however, when enema studies were performed, intussusception was not identified. Repeat US also failed to demonstrate the presence of an intussusception, and all four patients showed concomitant rapid resolution of symptoms. CONCLUSION Spontaneous reduction of intussusception is probably more common than is generally thought, and its documentation was facilitated with US. It is likely that spontaneously reduced intussusception will be documented more frequently in the future.
Synthesizing and Integrating Research on IT-Based Value Cocreation: A Meta-Analysis

IT value research has witnessed growing interest in the use of joint IT resources and capabilities following recent shifts in market competition from the firm to the network level. Despite research efforts in this domain, there remain substantial inconsistencies in the IT value cocreation literature regarding the effect of interorganizational IT on business value and the role of methodological and contextual factors. Drawing on the resource-based view and the relational view of the firm, we conducted a meta-analysis to synthesize and integrate the body of knowledge of IT-based value cocreation. Our analysis of 80 studies, encompassing 21,843 observations, highlights the value-generating effect of four interorganizational IT capabilities: IT-based relation-specific assets, IT-based knowledge sharing, IT-based complementary capabilities, and IT-based governance. Insights from our preliminary meta-analysis reveal that contradictory findings are driven by the conceptualization of IT variables as interorganizational IT resources. A further moderator meta-analysis explains divergent empirical findings in the literature. We find that the use of relational-level value and perceptual measures, use of single respondents, and the context of developing countries and supply chain and networked interdependencies result in larger estimates of business value. In contrast, the use of network-level, firm-level, and objective measures; use of matched-pair approaches; and the context of developed countries and pooled interdependencies result in smaller estimates. Overall, this paper provides clarity and structure to the current understanding of the research field by providing explanations for inconsistent findings as well as a foundation for future research and theory development.
Accelerated Failure Time Models For Load Sharing Systems

We model the load sharing phenomenon in a k-out-of- m system through the accelerated failure time model. This model leads to multivariate families of distributions for ordered random variables, which are particular cases of the sequential order statistics. For illustrative purpose, we discuss the model, and the estimation problem for a two component parallel system under the setting of a linear failure rate distribution. In this set up, we discuss a test for the hypothesis that the failure times of components are statistically independent against the alternative that they show the load sharing phenomenon. We report simulation studies showing the performance of the estimators, and the test procedure. The test is also applied to two data sets for illustrative purpose.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes promote cytarabine-induced acute myeloid leukemia cell apoptosis via inhibiting Bcl-2 expression

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains difficult to cure due to its drug tolerance and refractoriness. Immunotherapy is a growing area of cancer research, which has been applied for the treatment of numerous types of cancer, including leukemia. The present study generated AML cell-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in vitro and investigated the effect of combining CTL treatment with one of the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of hematological malignancies, cytarabine, on AML cell apoptosis. Firstly, it was observed that monocyte-depleted peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donors could be used to generate large numbers of CD3+CD8+ CTLs through immune stimulation. These CD3+CD8+ CTLs could effectively recognize and induce the apoptosis of human Kasumi-3 AML cells. In addition, cytarabine-induced AML cell apoptosis was enhanced by CTL treatment. Western blotting revealed that Bcl-2 expression was downregulated in AML cells following cytarabine and CTL treatment, indicating that the synergistic effect of this treatment on AML cell apoptosis is due to the downregulation of Bcl-2. These results highlight the potential application of CTL immunotherapy for the treatment of AML. Further studies optimizing the specificity and potency of CTLs, and identifying favorable combinations with other chemotherapeutic drug are required.
Modeling study of the impact of surface roughness on silicon and Germanium UTB MOSFETs

We outlined a simple model to account for the surface roughness (SR)-induced enhanced threshold voltage (V/sub TH/) shifts that were recently observed in ultrathin-body MOSFETs fabricated on <100> Si surface. The phenomena of enhanced V/sub TH/ shifts can be modeled by accounting for the fluctuation of quantization energy in the ultrathin body (UTB) MOSFETs due to SR up to a second-order approximation. Our model is then used to examine the enhanced V/sub TH/ shift phenomena in other novel surface orientations for Si and Ge and its impact on gate workfunction design. We also performed a calculation of the SR-limited hole mobility (/spl mu//sub H,SR/) of p-MOSFETs with an ultrathin Si and Ge active layer thickness, T/sub Body/<10 nm. Calculation of the electronic band structures is done within the effective mass framework via the Luttinger Kohn Hamiltonian, and the mobility is calculated using an isotropic approximation for the relaxation time calculation, while retaining the full anisotropy of the valence subband structure. For both Si and Ge, the dependence of /spl mu//sub H,SR/ on the surface orientation, channel orientation, and T/sub Body/ are explored. It was found that a <110> surface yields the highest /spl mu//sub H,SR/. The increasing quantization mass m/sub z/ for <110> surface renders its /spl mu//sub H,SR/ less susceptible with the decrease of T/sub Body/. In contrast, <100> surface exhibits smallest /spl mu//sub H,SR/ due to its smallest m/sub z/. The SR parameters, i.e. autocorrelation length (L) and root-mean-square (/spl Delta//sub rms/) used in this paper is obtained from the available experimental result of Si<100> UTB MOSFETs, by adjusting these SR parameters to obtain a theoretical fit with experimental data on SR-limited mobility and V/sub TH/ shifts. This set of SR parameters is then employed for all orientations of both Si and Ge devices.
HIV-1 vaccine induced immune responses in newborns of HIV-1 infected mothers

Objective:Breast milk transmission continues to account for a large proportion of cases of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 worldwide. An effective HIV-1 vaccine coupled with either passive immunization or short-term antiretroviral prophylaxis represents a potential strategy to prevent breast milk transmission. This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of ALVAC HIV-1 vaccine with and without a subunit envelope boost in infants born to HIV-1-infected women. Design:Placebo-controlled, double-blinded study. Methods:Infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers in the US were immunized with a prime-boost regimen using a canarypox virus HIV-1 vaccine (vCP1452) and a recombinant glycoprotein subunit vaccine (rgp120). Infants (n = 30) were randomized to receive: vCP1452 alone, vCP1452 + rgp120, or corresponding placebos. Results:Local reactions were mild or moderate and no significant systemic toxicities occurred. Subjects receiving both vaccines had gp120-specific binding serum antibodies that were distinguishable from maternal antibody. Repeated gp160-specific lymphoproliferative responses were observed in 75%. Neutralizing activity to HIV-1 homologous to the vaccine strain was observed in 50% of the vCP1452 + rgp120 subjects who had lost maternal antibody by week 24. In some infants HIV-1-specific proliferative and antibody responses persisted until week 104. HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses were detected in two subjects in each treatment group; the frequency of HIV-1 specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses did not differ between vaccine and placebo recipients. Conclusion:The demonstration of vaccine-induced immune responses in early infancy supports further study of HIV-1 vaccination as a strategy to reduce breast milk transmission.
Parameter-free nonadiabatic correlation-polarization potential for vibrational excitation in electron-molecule scattering: Application to e − N 2 collisions

This paper introduces a correlation-polarization potential for vibrational excitation in electron-molecule scattering. This potential generalizes a recently proposed model for elastic scattering [Bouferguene et al., Phys. Rev. A 59, 2712 (1999)]. Our potential contains no adjustable parameters and reflects known qualitative dependencies of correlation and polarization effects on the internuclear separation of the target molecule and on the position coordinate of the scattering electron. We test our potential on vibrationally elastic and inelastic scattering from ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ in an energy range that includes the ${}^{2}{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{g}$ shape resonance. This resonance gives rise to intricate oscillatory structures in integral and differential cross sections; these structures are very sensitive to the correlation effects this potential is designed to model. Our $e\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ cross sections agree well with experimental and other theoretical cross sections except at energies above the resonance, where experimental differential cross sections show a pronounced dip at scattering angles below about 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. This dip is not present in the theoretical cross sections.
n the content of learning in interval timing : epresentations or associations ?

Models of timing differ on two fundamental issues, the form of the representation and the content of learning. First, regarding the representation of time some models assume a linear encoding, others a logarithmic encoding. Second, regarding the content of learning cognitive models assume that the animal learns explicit representations of the intervals relevant to the task and that their behavior is based on a comparison of those representations, whereas associative models assume that the animal learns associations between its representations of time and responding, which then drive performance. In this paper, we show that some key empirical findings (timescale invariant psychometric curves, bisection point at
The Co-Reporting Theory of Tensed and Tenseless Sentences

In a recent article in this journal,1 Michelle Beer presented the so-called 'Coreporting Theory' of tenseless and tensed sentences, a theory orginated by Beer and subsequently expounded by Richard Gale2 and endorsed by L. Nathan Oaklander.3 I believe the central arguments of this theory are unsound, as I shall endeavour to show in the following. Unlike proponents of the old tenseless theory of time,4 Beer and Gale do not claim that tensed and tenseless sentence-tokens express the same proposition. They express different propositions, but none the less 'report' that the same event occurs at the same time, say t7. This is a version of the new tenseless theory of time, originated by J. J. C. Smart5 in 1980 and given its most extensive development to date by D. H. Mellor.6 The new tenseless theory of time accepts the semantic irreducibility of tensed sentence-tokens but argues this is consistent with them ascribing only Brelations (earlier, later, simultaneity) and no A-properties (monadic properties of pastness, presentness and futurity). I believe, however, that this cannot be
Role of cytochrome c and dATP/ATP hydrolysis in Apaf‐1‐mediated caspase‐9 activation and apoptosis

Apaf‐1 plays a critical role in apoptosis by binding to and activating procaspase‐9. We have identified a novel Apaf‐1 cDNA encoding a protein of 1248 amino acids containing an insertion of 11 residues between the CARD and ATPase domains, and another 43 amino acid insertion creating an additional WD‐40 repeat. The product of this Apaf‐1 cDNA activated procaspase‐9 in a cytochrome c and dATP/ATP‐dependent manner. We used this Apaf‐1 to show that Apaf‐1 requires dATP/ATP hydrolysis to interact with cytochrome c, self‐associate and bind to procaspase‐9. A P‐loop mutant (Apaf‐1K160R) was unable to associate with Apaf‐1 or bind to procaspase‐9. Mutation of Met368 to Leu enabled Apaf‐1 to self‐associate and bind procaspase‐9 independent of cytochrome c, though still requiring dATP/ATP for these activities. The Apaf‐1M368L mutant exhibited greater ability to induce apoptosis compared with the wild‐type Apaf‐1. We also show that procaspase‐9 can recruit procaspase‐3 to the Apaf‐1–procaspase‐9 complex. Apaf‐1(1–570), a mutant lacking the WD‐40 repeats, associated with and activated procaspase‐9, but failed to recruit procaspase‐3 and induce apoptosis. These results suggest that the WD‐40 repeats may be involved in procaspase‐9‐mediated procaspase‐3 recruitment. These studies elucidate biochemical steps required for Apaf‐1 to activate procaspase‐9 and induce apoptosis.
Mild familial diabetes with dominant inheritance.

Three families have been described in which diabetes, although usually diagnosed in the teens or early 20s, is mild and does not progress to insulin dependence even over a period of 40 years. This syndrome seems to be inherited as a Mendelian dominant because (1) there is direct parent to child inheritance through at least three generations (2) the ratio of affected: unaffected children of diabetic parents is 1:1 and (3) almost all affected individuals have a diabetic parent. Complications are uncommon and mild. Seven out of 12 diabetics diagnosed under the age of 30 and having a mean duration of diabetes of 37 years did not have any retinopathy. No death from diabetes has ever been recorded in any of the families. In two families diabetes is associated with a low renal threshold for glucose. This syndrome is distinct from the more usual type of juvenile diabetes mellitus and provides evidence of the genetic heterogeneity of diabetes mellitus.
Preferential induction of transforming growth factor-beta production in gastric epithelial cells and monocytes by Helicobacter pylori soluble proteins.

BACKGROUND The cytokines induced by Helicobacter pylori, as well as the intricate balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, are relevant to the outcomes of H. pylori infection. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and interleukin (IL)-10 are 2 vital anti-inflammatory cytokines that regulate mucosal immunity in various inflammatory and infectious diseases. METHODS To elucidate whether host-bacteria interaction can influence TGF-beta and IL-10 production, we investigated the expression of TGF-beta and IL-10 in various mammalian cell lines preincubated with H. pylori and other enteric bacteria. RESULTS The amount of TGF-beta protein, but not IL-10, was significantly increased after stimulation with H. pylori, but other enteric bacteria did not induce TGF- beta production. Different H. pylori strains isolated from patients with gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer and strains with cagA or vacA isogenic mutations showed similar effects on TGF-beta induction, indicating that this effect was a constitutional characteristic of H. pylori and independent of cagA and vacA status. CONCLUSION The results imply the presence of a protein factor (termed "TGF-beta-inducing protein") that induces production of TGF-beta. In view of the multiple effects of TGF-beta , we conclude the TGF-beta-inducing protein of H. pylori might mediate the immune response and contribute to the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection.
Impairments of speed and amplitude of movement in Parkinson's disease: A pilot study

Bradykinesia, characterized by slowness and decreased amplitude of movement, is often considered the most important deficit in Parkinson's disease (PD). The current clinical rating of bradykinesia in PD, based on the motor subscale of the Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale (UPDRS‐III), does not individually weigh the impairments in speed and amplitude of rapid alternating movements. We sought to categorize movement in PD to determine whether speed and amplitude have different relationships to current measures of motor impairment and disability. Categories of speed and amplitude (normal, slow/low, and very‐slow/very‐low) were ascertained using an electromagnetic tracking device. Amplitude was disproportionally more affected than speed in the “off” state. UPDRS‐III and the Schwab & England disability scale were worst in patients with very impaired amplitude and best in patients with normal amplitude. A similarly graded relationship was not found for categories of speed impairment. The examiner clinical global impression of change mirrored “off” state amplitude but not speed categories. Levodopa, however, normalized speed to a greater extent than amplitude. Our observations suggest that amplitude and speed impairments may be associated with different functional aspects in PD and deserve separate clinical assessment. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society