Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Body Conformation in Tharparkar Cattle as a Tool of Selection

For present investigation, Tharparkar cows available at Cattle and Buffalo Farm, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar (U.P.) were used. Body conformation scoring was done as per modified International Committee on Animal Recording (2012). Measurements were taken in centimeter (cm) before morning milking and prior to any feed intake using graduated measuring stick, vernier caliper and flexible meter tape. In Tharparkar cattle, the average score points (ASP, under 1–9 point scale score system) for body conformation traits like stature (5.02: intermediate), chest width (4.71: intermediate), body depth (4.75: intermediate), angularity (5.60: intermediate), rump angle (5.55: intermediate), rump width (4.80: intermediate), rear leg rear view (7.39: parallel), rear leg set (5.27: intermediate), foot angle (7.09: steep), fore udder attachment (6.44: strong), fore teat placement (3.80: intermediate), teat length (4.71: intermediate), udder depth (5.71: intermediate), rear udder height (3.46: intermediate), central ligament (5.27: intermediate), rear teat placement (5.82: intermediate), locomotion (7.20: no abduction), hock development (7.28: dry), bone structure (6.64: fine and thin), rear udder width (5.64: intermediate), teat thickness (2.61: narrow), muscularity (6.00: intermediate), hump size (3.98: intermediate), dewlap size (5.04: intermediate) and naval flap size (3.09: intermediate) were assessed. Most of the body conformation traits in Tharparkar cows were of intermediate nature and of desirable type, moreover, some traits also showed the presence of undesirable ASP, which expressed scope for further improvement. Thus, present investigation gave explicit clue to bring Tharparkar cattle at par with other exotic breeds, if little effort is made to incorporate these conformation traits in selection program.
Senile Changes in the Middle Ear Joints

Histological study of the IM and IS joints in 125 ears from 86 individuals varying in age from infancy to 96 years showed arthritic changes which increased in severity with advancing age. The earliest changes in the articular cartilage consisted of fraying and fibrillation, followed by thinning and calcification. The joint capsule showed atrophy and hyalinization and the articular disc showed hyaline deposits in early cases and calcium deposits in severe cases. Audiograms which were available on 55 ears showed that arthritic changes in these joints did not impair sound transmission through the middle ear.
New guidelines for preparation taper.

The purpose of this article is to provide new guidelines for minimally acceptable preparation taper by developing a theoretical mathematical foundation based on principles of resistance form. Yes and no are the possible answers to the question, "Does a preparation have resistance form? " This dual nature is useful because in graphing resistance form as a function of taper, potential tapers on the x axis are divided into two groups with an exact dividing point. Tapers less than this dividing point provide resistance form; tapers larger or equal do not provide resistance form. This dividing point makes a reasonable standard for minimally acceptable taper. Average tapers are defined as the limiting average taper and are mathematically determined to equal 1/2 arcsin (H/B), where H is the height of the preparation and B is the base. From this equation, the taper required to provide resistance form for an individual preparation can be calculated by using the preparation's height to base ratio. The equation can also be used to provide guidelines by tooth group. Dies of a prosthodontist were saved and sorted by group (incisors, canines, premolars, and molars). Measurements of 30 dies from each of these groups were used to calculate the average (H/B) ratios and standard deviations. Calculating the limiting average taper by using the average height-to-base ratio minus two standard deviations provides the dividing point taper that is acceptable for over 97% of the preparations. The values calculated are: 29 degrees for incisors, 33 degrees for canines, 10 degrees for premolars, and 8.4 degrees for molars. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tip for Microlaparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Easy Removal of the Gallbladder after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy using the Three-Port Technique

The standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy usually requires four trocars: two 10-mm and two 5-mm trocars. With the development of mini-instruments, laparoscopic surgeons have developed the two- or three-port techniques. The selection of the number and size of trocars depends on the surgeon's experience and preferences. Removal of the gallbladder is critical in the mini-instrument technique. To remove the gallbladder through the umbilical port, a 5-mm telescope should be inserted through one of the 5-mm ports, or one of the 5-mm trocars should be replaced with an 11-mm trocar by extending the incision. A simple and easy technique was applied to retrieve the gallbladder without changing the telescope or extending the skin incision for the trocar port to 11 mm. When the gallbladder is detached from the liver, the surgeon grasps the neck of the gallbladder via the 5-mm trocar and positions the gallbladder in the 11-mm trocar. While the surgeon keeps the gallbladder in the 11-mm trocar with the grasper held tangentially, the assistant removes the telescope and inserts a straight-toothed grasper to capture the gallbladder neck blindly. Subsequently, the removal of the gallbladder together with the trocar follows the usual technique. We have applied this technique to all our patients with limited or no inflammation of the gallbladder.
Investigation of 12 μm 4H-SiC epilayers for radiation detection and noise analysis of front-end readout electronics

Schottky barrier radiation detectors were fabricated on 12 μm n-type 4H-SiC epitaxial layers grown on a 4° off-axis highly doped 4H-SiC substrate (0001). Schottky barrier junction properties were characterized through current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. A diode ideality factor of 1.29 and Schottky barrier height of 1.10 eV were determined from the forward I-V characteristics using a thermionic emission model. A built-in potential of 1.91 V and effective carrier concentration of 1.03 × 1015 cm-3 was calculated from a Mott-Schottky plot of the C-V measurements. Radiation detector performance was evaluated by alpha pulse height spectroscopy (PHS) in terms of energy resolution expressed in full-width at half maxima (FWHM) and charge collection efficiency (CCE). The energy resolution was determined to be 166 keV with a CCE of 22.6% for 5.486 MeV alpha particles. Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements were carried out to investigate the deep levels in the detector active region. An electrically active defect level Z1/2 related to carbon vacancies was identified and characterized. The concentration and capture cross-section of Z1/2 were determined to be 1. 58 × 1012 cm-3 and 9.12 × 10-16 cm2, respectively. Electronic noise analysis in terms of equivalent noise charge (ENC) was carried out to study the effect of various noise components that contribute to the total electronic noise in the detection system.
Distribution and Evolution of Metals in the Magneticum Simulations

Metals are ideal tracers of the baryonic cycle within halos. Their composition is a fossil record connecting the evolution of the various stellar components of galaxies to the interaction with the environment by in- and out-flows. The Magneticum simulations allow us to study halos across a large range of masses and environments, from massive galaxy clusters containing hundreds of galaxies, down to isolated field galaxies. They include a detailed treatment of the chemo-energetic feedback from the stellar component and its evolution, as well as feedback from the evolution of supermassive black holes. Following the detailed evolution of various metal species and their relative composition due to continuing enrichment of the IGM and ICM by SNIa, SNII and AGB winds of the evolving stellar population is revealed the complex interplay of local star-formation processes, mixing, global baryonic flows, secular galactic evolution and environmental processes. We present results from the Magneticum simulations on the chemical properties of simulated galaxies and galaxy clusters, carefully comparing them to observations. We show that the simulations already reach a very high level of realism within their complex descriptions of the chemo-energetic feedback, successfully reproducing a large number of observed properties and scaling relations. Our simulated galaxies clearly indicate that there are no strong secondary parameters (such as star-formation rates at a fixed redshift) driving the scatter in these scaling relations. The remaining differences clearly point to detailed physical processes, which have to be included in future simulations.
Measurement of serum carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen concentration in dogs with osteosarcoma.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the usefulness of carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) concentrations for screening dogs for the presence of osteosarcoma. SAMPLE POPULATION 32 client-owned dogs with osteosarcoma (27 dogs with osteosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton and 5 dogs with osteosarcoma of the axial skeleton) and 44 non-tumor-bearing control dogs. PROCEDURES Serum was obtained from blood samples collected from dogs with osteosarcoma and from clinically normal dogs. The serum ICTP concentration was determined by use of a commercially available radioimmunoassay for ICTP. RESULTS Mean +/- SD serum ICTP concentration in the tumor-bearing dogs was 7.32 +/- 2.88 ng/mL, and in clinically normal dogs, it was 6.77 +/- 2.31 ng/mL; values did not differ significantly. Mean serum ICTP concentration in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma, compared with that of clinically normal dogs, was not significantly different. Mean serum ICTP concentration in dogs with axial skeletal tumor location was 10.82 +/- 2.31 ng/mL, compared with a value of 6.73 +/- 2.28 ng/mL in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE On the basis of the results of this study, serum ICTP concentrations are not a clinically useful screening tool for the detection of appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs. Despite the observation that serum ICTP concentration was higher in dogs with axial osteosarcoma than in clinically normal dogs, serum ICTP concentration determination is not a suitable screening test for osteosarcoma.
Mitochondrial DNA control region sequence variation in migraine headache and cyclic vomiting syndrome

Migraine headache is a very common condition affecting about 10% of the population that results in substantial morbidity and economic loss. The two most common variants are migraine with (MA) and without (MO) aura. Often considered to be a migraine‐like variant, cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a predominately childhood condition characterized by severe, discrete episodes of nausea, vomiting, and lethargy. Disease‐associated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variants are suggested in common migraine and CVS based upon a strong bias towards the maternal inheritance of disease, and several other factors. Temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) followed by cyclosequencing and RFLP was used to screen almost 90% of the mtDNA, including the control region (CR), for heteroplasmy in 62 children with CVS and neuromuscular disease (CVS+) and in 95 control subjects. One or two rare mtDNA‐CR heteroplasmic sequence variants were found in six CVS+ and in zero control subjects (P = 0.003). These variants comprised 6 point and 2 length variants in hypervariable regions 1 and 2 (HV1 and HV2, both part of the mtDNA‐CR), one half of which were clustered in the nt 16040–16188 segment of HV1 that includes the termination associated sequence (TAS), a functional location important in the regulation of mtDNA replication. Based upon our findings, sequencing and statistical analysis looking for homoplasmic nucleotide changes was performed in HV1 among 30 CVS+, 30 randomly‐ascertained CVS (rCVS), 18 MA, 32 MO, and 35 control haplogroup H cases. Within the nt 16040–16188 segment, homoplasmic sequence variants were three‐fold more common relative to control subjects in both CVS groups (P = 0.01 combined data) and in MO (P = 0.02), but not in MA (P = 0.5 vs. control subjects and 0.02 vs. MO). No group differences were noted in the remainder of HV1. We conclude that sequence variation in this small “peri‐TAS” segment is associated with CVS and MO, but not MA. These variants likely constitute risk factors for disease development. Our findings are consistent with previous data demonstrating progression of CVS into MO in many cases, and the co‐segregation in a maternal inheritance pattern of CVS and MO within families. A mitochondrial component in the pathogenesis of migraine and CVS has therapeutic implications, especially concerning the avoidance of fasting. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methodological Issues and Current Trends in Prevalence and Characteristics of Prenatal Drug Exposure

Neuroimaging tools have provided novel methods for understanding the impact of prenatal drug exposure on brain structure and function and its relation to develop‐ ment and behavior. Information gained from neuroimaging studies allows for the investigation of how prenatal drug exposure alters the typical developmental trajecto‐ ry. The current prevalence and characteristics of prenatal drug exposure and its implications for vulnerable periods of brain development are reviewed. Structural and functional neuroimaging methods are introduced with examples of how study results from prenatal alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, and tobacco exposure further our under‐ standing of the neurodevelopment impact of prenatal drug exposure. Prenatal drug neuroimaging studies have advanced our understanding of mechanisms and function‐ al deficits associated with prenatal drug exposure. Studies have identified brain circuits associated with the default mode network, inhibitory control, and working memory that show differences in function as a result of prenatal drug exposure. The informa‐ tion gained from studies of prenatal drug exposure on brain structure and function can be used to make connections between animal models and human studies of prenatal drug exposure, identify biomarkers of documented effects of prenatal drug exposure on behavior, and inform prevention and intervention programs for young children.
Development and validation of an inflammatory-frailty index for kidney transplantation.

BACKGROUND Physical frailty phenotype (PFP) is characterized by decreased physiologic reserve to stressors and associated with poor outcomes, such as delirium and mortality, that may result from post-kidney transplant (KT) inflammation. Despite a hypothesized underlying pro-inflammatory state, conventional measures of frailty typically do not incorporate inflammatory biomarkers directly. Among KT candidates and recipients, we evaluated the inclusion of inflammatory biomarkers with traditional PFP components. METHODS Among 1,154 KT candidates and recipients with measures of PFP and inflammation (IL6, TNFα, C reactive protein [(CRP]) at two transplant centers (2009-2017), we evaluated construct validity of inflammatory-frailty using latent class analysis. Inflammatory-frailty measures combined 5 PFP components plus the addition of an individual inflammatory biomarkers, separately (highest tertiles) as a 6th component. We then used Kaplan-Meier methods and adjusted Cox proportional hazards to assess post-KT mortality risk by inflammatory-frailty (n=378); Harrell's c-statistics assessed risk prediction (discrimination). RESULTS Based on fit criteria, a two-class solution (frail vs. nonfrail) for inflammatory-frailty was the best-fitting model. Five-year survival (frail vs nonfrail) was: 81% vs 93% (IL6-frailty), 87% vs 89% (CRP-frailty), and 83% vs 91% (TNFα-frailty). Mortality was 2.07-fold higher for IL6-frail recipients (95%CI:1.03-4.19,p=0.04); there were no associations between the mortality and the other inflammatory-frailty indices (TNFα-frail:1.88,95%CI:0.95-3.74,p=0.07; CRP-frail:1.02,95%CI:0.52-2.03,p=0.95). However, none of the frailty-inflammatory indices (all c-stats=0.71) improved post-KT mortality risk prediction over the PFP (c-stat=0.70). CONCLUSION Measurement of IL-6-frailty at transplantation can inform which patients should be targeted for pre-KT interventions. However, the traditional PFP is sufficient for post-KT mortality risk prediction.
A fuzzy graph multi-mode approach to modelling and solving scheduling problem with limited resources

This paper reports on a graph-based approach to modelling and solving combinatorial resource-constrained scheduling problem with respect to possibility to perform the individual activities in alternative ways (modes). These modes vary depending on processing time, time lags to other activities and resource requirements. A fuzzy scheduling problem can be formally defined by a number of activities-nodes that should be scheduled to minimize the project duration subject to generalized precedence relations, may require some units of limited in time use resources. Solution methodology is based on branch and bound procedure to operate with resource requirements and precedence constraints as well as selection of one single activity mode to construct a schedule.
The Morphological Transition of Helicobacter pyloriCells from Spiral to Coccoid Is Preceded by a Substantial Modification of the Cell Wall

ABSTRACT The peptidoglycan (murein) of Helicobacter pylori has been investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric techniques. Murein from H. pyloricorresponded to the A1γ chemotype, but the muropeptide elution patterns were substantially different from the one forEscherichia coli in that the former produced high proportions of muropeptides with a pentapeptide side chain (about 60 mol%), with Gly residues as the C-terminal amino acid (5 to 10 mol%), and with (1→6)anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid (13 to 18 mol%). H. pylori murein also lacks murein-bound lipoprotein, trimeric muropeptides, and (l-d) cross-linked muropeptides. Cessation of growth and transition to coccoid shape triggered an increase inN-acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramyl–l-Ala–d-Glu (approximately 20 mol%), apparently at the expense of monomeric muropeptides with tri- and tetrapeptide side chains. Muropeptides with (1→6)anhydro-muramic acid and with Gly were also more abundant in resting cells.
Bacteremia in patients with hematological malignancies.

BACKGROUND An appropriate regimen in the empirical therapy of neutropenic fever episodes must be individualized at each institution. Hospitals have different patterns of microbial isolates and antibiotic resistance that must be taken into account. The aim of this study was to investigate isolates of bacteremia and their antibiotic susceptibility in patients with hematological malignancies. METHODS All positive blood cultures at a medical center in Taiwan between 1999 and 2002 from patients with hematological malignancies were evaluated. Eleven kinds of antibiotics were tested for antimicrobial activities. The risk factors for mortality were evaluated. RESULTS Three hundred seventy-one episodes of bacteremia in 266 patients with hematological malignancies were recorded. Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) were still predominant and accounted for 78.2% of isolates, followed by gram-positive cocci for 20.8% of isolates, and anaerobes for 1% of isolates. Escherichia coli was the most common isolated organism accounting for 27.5% of GNB isolates. Other isolates included Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11%), and Enterobacter cloacae (10.1%). The most isolated microorganisms were susceptible to cefoperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefepime or imipenem. Age, GNB microorganism and inadequate empirical antibiotics were risk factors. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that cefoperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefepime or imipenem is an ideal empirical therapy.
The coexistence of hybrid and parental Daphnia: the role of parasites

Parasite driven time-lagged negative frequency-dependent selection of hosts has been studied in natural populations by following changes in host genotype frequencies over time. However, such dynamics have not been considered at higher taxonomic levels, for example, between parental species and their hybrids. In a field study on a Daphnia hybrid system, we observed that one Daphnia taxon first was relatively under-infected, but became over-infected after a strong increase in frequency. This finding is consistent with the idea of parasite evolution towards the most frequent host taxon. In two experiments, we investigated whether the assumptions made by a model of negative frequency-dependent selection apply to our host taxa system. First, we showed that the parasite can change the outcome of taxa competition and secondly, we confirmed that the over-infection of one host taxon observed in the field has a genetic basis. Our results indicate that the incorporation of host–parasite interactions at the species level may allow us to gain a more complete picture of forces driving dynamic taxa coexistence in Daphnia hybrid systems. More generally, we suggest that if hybrids coexist in sympatry with parental taxa, the infection patterns as observed under natural conditions may be rather temporal and unstable.
The Influence of Agroclimatic Factors on Soil CO2 Emissions

There has been a significant increase of atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations since industrial revolution till nowadays. Approximately 10% of total GHG emissions in Croatia belong to the agricultural sector. In this sector, one part of CO 2 is released from soil by soil respiration (soil CO 2 efflux). Due to these facts, it is of scientists’ interest to determine the influence of tillage treatments on soil CO 2 efflux and to determine a relationship between tillage induced CO 2 emissions and climatic factors. Field experiment with six different tillage treatments was set up on Stagnic Luvisols near Daruvar (central lowland Croatia). Tillage treatments were: black fallow (BF), ploughing up and down the slope to 30 cm (PUDS), no - tillage (NT), ploughing up and down slope to 30 cm (PAS), very deep ploughing across the slope to 50 cm (VDPAS) and subsoiling across the slope to 50 cm (SSPAS) . Soil CO 2 efflux was measured using closed static chamber method to quantify soil CO 2 efflux during 2012 (n=13) when cover crop was corn. Tillage had a significant effect on CO 2 efflux. The lowest average CO 2 efflux was determined at the BF treatment with the average CO 2 efflux of 29.4 kg ha -1 day -1 . Comparing the treatments with the cover crop, the highest average CO 2 efflux was determined at the NT treatment followed by SSPAS, VDPAS, PAS and PUDS treatment with the average CO 2 efflux of 90.9 kg ha -1 day -1 , 83.5 kg ha -1 day -1 , 68.9 kg ha -1 day -1 , 66.7 kg ha -1 day -1 , 56.0 kg ha -1 day -1 respectively. A verage CO 2 effluxes were moderate positively correlated with soil temperatures at 10 cm depth (r=0.42), moderate positively correlated with air temperature (r=0.45), and non correlated with soil moisture content at 10 cm depth (r=0.08), while strong negatively correlated with relative air humidity (r=0.55). T he CO 2 efflux was higher during the second half of spring and in the first half of summer while lower CO 2 efflux was determined during the period autumn – winter CO 2 effluxes were higher in first half of corn growing season than in the second half of corn growing season and the period without the cover crop. Our study suggests that tillage practices have significant influence on soil CO 2 emissions.