Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Experiences of Three Different User Groups Using Personally Controlled Health Record for Multidisciplinary Care Team

Personally Controlled Health Records (PCHR) are patient-centric tools which allow individuals to own, manage, access and share their health information online from anywhere, at any time. Patient-centric tools have received considerable interest and investment in recent years worldwide. These tools are thought to have the potential to increase individuals’ self-management and involvement in their own health, as well as improve healthcare efficiency and delivery. The aim of this study is to report and analyse the experiences of three different user groups using PCHR for Multidisciplinary Care Team (MDCT) including the advantages, disadvantages, barriers and obstacles, and the current state of PCHR. In order to achieve the aim of this study, sixteen interviews with key informants from three different user groups were conducted in Dunedin, New Zealand. Interviews were transcribed and analysed with thematic analysis. The key findings of this research showed that those who can benefit the most from PCHRs are the least able to use it. It suits those who have basic knowledge about computers and the internet and those who can afford to use them. PCHR is also best suited for individuals who are motivated about their health despite their health condition. However, more research is needed in the future with a larger sample, an easier to use PCHR, different population other than community health workers, patients with different chronic illnesses, and healthy patients. This research can be used as a basis and tested in future research on PCHR adoption.
Construction and Psychometric Properties of Sentence Repetition Test (SRT) for Latvian Primary School Children

This study was conducted to determine psychometric properties of newly developed Sentence Repetition Test (SRT). The test evaluates ability to recall orally presented sentences in Latvian language, and it was constructed specifically for junior primary school children. The sample consisted of 136 first and second graders aged 7 to 9 years (52% girls). Final version of Sentence Repetition Test is composed of 12 items in increasing level of difficulty. Spearman-Brown split-half reliability coefficient of the test is sufficiently high to recognize SRT as reliable. Convergent and concurrent validities of the test were determined in smaller sub-sample of 64 children, using measurements of Digit Span sub-test from Latvian edition of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (Wechsler, 2003) and Phoneme Segmentation Fluency from Latvian edition of Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS Next) (Good & Kaminski et al., 2011; Rascevska et al., 2013a). Sentence Repetition Test has medium strong statistically significant correlations with both tests. The study affirms sufficient reliability and validity of the new test. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2014. v4n4p104
Toward a typology of young produsers: Teenagers’ transmedia skills, media production, and narrative and aesthetic appreciation

Based on the qualitative analysis of data from workshops and interviews with teenagers from eight countries, this article aims to determine the degrees of productive, narrative, and aesthetic knowledge that teenagers put into practice when they create their media contents. From a theoretical framework that links teens, informal learning environments, and participatory cultures, the findings point toward three types of teenage produsers: casual, aspirational, and expert. Each type is representative of different aspects of production in terms of the types of media contents produced; the planning of the production process; the application of narrative and aesthetic values when creating; and the motivations behind the production. The study concludes with an invitation to rethink what participatory culture means in the light of teenagers’ production practices.
The Ambiguity in the Definition and Behavior of the Gravitational and Cosmological 'Coupling Constants' in the Theory of Induced Gravity

This work is the extension of author`s research, where the modified theory of induced gravity (MTIG) is proposed. The theory describes two systems (stages): Einstein (ES) and “restructuring” (RS). We consider equations with quadratic potential that are symmetric with respect to scale transformations. The solutions of the equations obtained for the case of spaces defined by the Friedman-Robertson-Walker metric, as well as for a centrally symmetric space are investigated. In our model arise effective gravitational and cosmological “constants”, which are defined by the “mean square” of the scalar fields. In obtained solutions the values of such parameters as “Hubble parameter”, gravitational and cosmological “constants” in the RS stage fluctuate near monotonically evolving mean values. These parameters are matched with observational data, described as phenomena of dark energy and dark matter. The MTIG equations for the case of a centrally symmetric gravitational field, in addition to the Schwarzschild-de Sitter solutions, contain solutions that lead to the new physical effects at large distances from the center. The Schwarzschild-Sitter solution becomes unstable and enters the oscillatory regime. For distances greater than a certain critical value, the following effects can appear: deviation from General relativity and Newton’s law of gravitational interaction, antigravity.
Zika Virus Disease

The Zika virus is an arbovirus belonging to the virus family Flaviviridae. The virus was isolated in 1947 from a rhesus monkey in the Zika Forest of Uganda. The virus causes sporadic mild human infections in Africa and later in Asia. However, by 2007 a major shift in its infection pattern was noticed and thousands of human infections were reported in the State of Yap and Federated States of Micronesia. In the last 3 years, major outbreaks have continued to occur and the virus has spread to several Pacific and American countries. These outbreaks were mostly asymptomatic; however, there were more severe clinical signs associated with the infections. Those signs included microcephaly and Guillain–Barre syndrome. It is believed that various species of mosquitoes can biologically transmit the virus. However, Aedes aegypti is most widely associated with the Zika virus. Recently, new modes of virus transmission have been reported, including mother-to-fetus, sexual, blood transfusion, animal bites, laboratory exposure and breast milk. Differential diagnosis is very important as some other arboviruses such as yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus, and chikungunya virus have similar clinical manifestations to the Zika virus infection as well as relating serologically to some of these viruses. Established laboratory diagnostic tests to detect the Zika virus are limited, with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction being the most widely used test. Taking into consideration the quickness of the spread of infection, size of the infected population and change of the infection severity pattern, the Zika virus infection merits collective efforts on all levels to prevent and control the disease. Limited research work and data, concurrent infection with other arboviruses, involvement of biological vectors, mass crowd events, human and trade movements and lack of vaccines are some of the challenges that we face in our efforts to prevent and control the Zika virus infection.
Vertical Bone Construction with Bone Marrow-Derived and Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells

The purpose of this study was to conduct a histomorphometric analysis of bone marrow-derived and adipose tissue-derived stem cells, associated with a xenograft block, in vertical bone constructions in rabbit calvaria. Ten rabbits received two xenograft blocks on the calvaria, after decortication of the parietal bone. The blocks were fixed with titanium screws. The blocks were combined with the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) group (right side of the calvaria) or with the adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the adipose tissue stem cell (ATSC) group (left side of the calvaria). After 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and their parietal bones were fixed in 10% formalin for the histomorphometric analysis. The following parameters were evaluated—newly formed bone (NFB), xenogeneic residual particles (XRP), and non-mineralized tissue (NMT). The histomorphometric analysis revealed 11.9 ± 7.5% and 7.6 ± 5.6% for NFB, 22.14 ± 8.5% and 21.6 ± 8.5% for XRP, and 65.8 ± 10.4% and 70.8 ± 7.4% for NMT in groups BMSC and ATSC, respectively, with statistically significant differences in the NFB and the NMT between the groups, but no differences in the XRP. Therefore, it can be concluded that the bone marrow-derived stem cells seem to have more potential for the bone formation than do the adipose tissue-derived stem cells when used in combination with the xenogenous blocks in the vertical bone construction.
Monetary Policy Inertia or Persistent Shocks: A DSGE Analysis

In this paper, we propose a simple econometric framework to disentangle the respective roles of monetary policy inertia and persistent shocks in interest rate rules. We exploit the restrictions of a DSGE model that is confronted with a monetary SVAR. We show that, provided enough informative variables are included in the formal test, the data favor a monetary policy representation with modest inertia and highly serially correlated monetary shocks. To the contrary, when the procedure is based solely on the dynamic behavior of the nominal interest rate, no clear-cut conclusion can be reached about the correct representation of monetary policy.
Configurational Entropy in Multicomponent Alloys: Matrix Formulation from Ab Initio Based Hamiltonian and Application to the FCC Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni System

Configuration entropy is believed to stabilize disordered solid solution phases in multicomponent systems at elevated temperatures over intermetallic compounds by lowering the Gibbs free energy. Traditionally, the increment of configuration entropy with temperature was computed by time-consuming thermodynamic integration methods. In this work, a new formalism based on a hybrid combination of the Cluster Expansion (CE) Hamiltonian and Monte Carlo simulations is developed to predict the configuration entropy as a function of temperature from multi-body cluster probability in a multi-component system with arbitrary average composition. The multi-body probabilities are worked out by explicit inversion and direct product of a matrix formulation within orthonomal sets of point functions in the clusters obtained from symmetry independent correlation functions. The matrix quantities are determined from semi canonical Monte Carlo simulations with Effective Cluster Interactions (ECIs) derived from Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The formalism is applied to analyze the 4-body cluster probabilities for the quaternary system Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni as a function of temperature and alloy concentration. It is shown that, for two specific compositions (Cr25Fe25Mn25Ni25 and Cr18Fe27Mn27Ni28), the high value of probabilities for Cr-Fe-Fe-Fe and Mn-Mn-Ni-Ni are strongly correlated with the presence of the ordered phases L12-CrFe3 and L10-MnNi, respectively. These results are in an excellent agreement with predictions of these ground state structures by ab initio calculations. The general formalism is used to investigate the configuration entropy as a function of temperature and for 285 different alloy compositions. It is found that our matrix formulation of cluster probabilities provides an efficient tool to compute configuration entropy in multi-component alloys in a comparison with the result obtained by the thermodynamic integration method. At high temperatures, it is shown that many-body cluster correlations still play an important role in understanding the configuration entropy before reaching the solid solution limit of high-entroy alloys (HEAs).
Covering 2‐connected 3‐regular graphs with disjoint paths

A path cover of a graph is a set of disjoint paths so that every vertex in the graph is contained in one of the paths. The path cover number p(G) of graph G is the cardinality of a path cover with the minimum number of paths. Reed in 1996 conjectured that a 2‐connected 3‐regular graph has path cover number at most ⌈n/10⌉ . In this article, we confirm this conjecture.
New imaging technique based on diffraction of a focused x-ray beam

We present first experimental results from a new diffraction depth-sensitive imaging technique. It is based on the diffraction of a focused x-ray beam from a crystalline sample and recording the intensity pattern on a high-resolution CCD detector positioned at a focal plane. Structural non-uniformity inside the sample results in a region of enhanced intensity in the diffraction pattern. The technique was applied to study silicon-on-insulator thin layers of various thicknesses which revealed a complex strain profile within the layers. A circular Fresnel zone plate was used as a focusing optic. Incoherent diffuse scattering spreads out of the diffraction plane and results in intensity recorded outside of the focal spot providing a new approach to separately register x-rays scattered coherently and incoherently from the sample.
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma for organ preservation: A feasibility study from tertiary care center

Background: The primary goal of treatment in oncology is cure but efforts should be made to preserve quality of life. The gold standard for treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer is radical cystectomy. However, radical cystectomy cannot be performed without risk of complications and often the outcome for the patient is a mediocre quality of life as the patient has to live with an artificial bladder or ileal conduit. Even after radical cystectomy, 4050% of patients will succumb to distant metastases within 5 years. As in the case of several other malignancies, increasing efforts have been made over the last few decades to adopt organ sparing treatment. Bladder-sparing monotherapies lead to disappointing results, local disease control may be maximized using a trimodal approach based on complete transurethral tumor resection of bladder (TURB), followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and cisplatin-based systemic chemotherapy. Objectives: The aim of our study is feasibility of concurrent cisplatin with radiation in bladder preservation in our hospital. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two previously untreated patients of histologically proven transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder received concurrent chemoradiation (60 Gy) with cisplatin. All patients received concurrent chemotherapy with cisplatin infusion in a dose of 20 mg/m2/day on consecutive 5 days from Day 1 to Day 5 in 1st and 5th week of radiotherapy. Detailed clinical examination along with cystoscopy, TURB along with biopsy, and computed tomography scan of abdomen pelvis were done before treatment and to assess response toxicity, and disease-free survival (DFS) during follow-up period. Results: Median follows up period was 36 months. Local disease control was seen in 71% patients. Five years DFS is 58%. Five years overall survival is 64%. Conclusions: Concurrent chemoradiation in carcinoma of urinary bladder is feasible in our hospital and results in good local control, survival with acceptable toxicity.
Motor Preparation for Action Inhibition: A Review of Single Pulse TMS Studies Using the Go/NoGo Paradigm

Human behavior must be flexible to respond to environmental and social demands, and to achieve these goals, it requires control. For instance, inhibitory control is used to refrain from executing unwanted or anticipated responses to environmental stimuli. When inhibitory mechanisms are inefficient due to some pathological conditions, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or pathological gambling, patients show a reduced capability of refraining from executing actions. When planning to execute an action, various inhibitory control mechanisms are activated to prevent the unwanted release of impulses and to ensure that the correct response is produced. A great body of research has used various cognitive tasks to isolate one or more components of inhibitory control (e.g., response selectivity) and to investigate their neuronal underpinnings. However, inter-individual differences in behavior are rarely properly considered, although they often represent a considerable source of noise in the data. In the present review, we will address this issue using the specific case of action inhibition, presenting the results of studies that coupled the so-called Go/NoGo paradigm with non-invasive brain stimulation to directly test the effects of motor inhibition on the excitability of the corticospinal system (CSE). Motor preparation is rarely measured in action inhibition studies, and participants’ compliancy to the task’s requests is often assumed rather than tested. Single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a powerful tool to directly measure CSE, whose responsivity depends on both excitatory and inhibitory processes. However, when motor preparation is not measured and the task design does not require participants to prepare responses in advance, fluctuations in CSE levels can be mistaken for active inhibition. One way to isolate motor preparation is to use a carefully designed task that allows to control for excessive variability in the timing of activation of inhibitory control mechanisms. Here, we review single pulse TMS studies that have used variants of the Go/NoGo task to investigate inhibitory control functions in healthy participants. We will identify the specific strategies that likely induced motor preparation in participants, and their results will be compared to current theories of action inhibition.
Evacuation of chronic and subacute subdural hematoma via transcranial neuroendoscopic approach

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of neuroendoscopic surgery for chronic or subacute subdural hematoma. Patients and methods Between September 2016 and September 2018, neuroendoscopic surgery was performed on 25 patients with chronic and subacute subdural hematoma. Hematoma evacuation was performed with a 0°, 4 mm diameter rigid neuroendoscope via a transcranial neuroendoscopic approach. Results All patients successfully underwent neuroendoscopic surgery, and no surgical complications or rebleeding was observed. Postoperative computed tomography scans showed that the hematoma was successfully evacuated. All patients had recovered well at discharge, the observed 30-day mortality rate was 0%, and no patients suffered recurrence for 2–26 months after surgery. Conclusion Neuroendoscopic surgery was a safe and effective approach for the treatment of chronic and subacute subdural hematoma. This approach has the advantages of decent visualization and minimal invasiveness and could reduce recurrence and the mortality rate.
Organization and Development of Reflecting Platelets in Iridophores of the Giant Clam , Tridacna crocea Lamarck

Giant clams show brilliant coloration on the mantle. The color comes from iridophores which are distributed in the mesenchyme. Each iridophore contains thin reflecting platelets which are aligned uniformly in rows. The platelet is bound with a membrane and has a fine substructure with a 7 nm lattice. A fiat cistern intervenes two neighbouring platelets to keep the interspace constant. In developing iridoblast, the reflecting platelets are formed in a confined area around the nucleus. Various types of vacuoles representing transitional froms from the ER to a mature reflecting platelet are seen in the area. Golgi vesicles are involved in the platelet formation. They are incorporated onto the vacuolar membrane while accumulation of the dense reflecting substance takes place in the vacuolar lumen. The dense substance is condensed in the vacuoles. The vacuoles are then fashioned into thin rectangular platelets and aligned in rows to form an alternating reflecting surface. The intervening cistern is formed from vesicles which fuse with one another to become a flat, thin cistern.
Knowledge of Passive Smoking among Pregnant Women and Histological Changes in their Placenta in Al-Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia

Objectives: This study aimed to throw some light on knowledge, attitude and the histological changes in human placenta exposed to passive smoking. Methods: Hospital-based studies were conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of passive smoking in pregnant women and non-smoker controls (n=50) were selected. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Differences between the 2 groups were determined by the Chi-square test and the significance level was set at p<0.05. Total 50 placentas were collected immediately from interviewed pregnant women after delivery (38-40 weeks of gestation) from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. According to the result yielded from the questionnaire 20 out of 50 placentas, showed no history of exposure to tobacco smoke, or consumption of tobacco in any form, and were labeled as controls. About 30 placentas were collected from passive smokers mostly exposed to smoke. The pregnant mother exposed to tobacco used by a chain-smoking husband or very close relative in a nuclear family was designated as a passive smoker. Results: The study indicated that there are significant statistical differences found among the pregnant women’s on their knowledge, attitude in term of pregnancy outcome and adverse effect on labor. The placenta exposed to passive smoking showed an increase in the connective tissue stroma in chorionic villi (intravillous fibroid) and some of them lost their trophoblastic covering. Also, the lumen of blood capillaries appeared obliterated and irregular. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that quantitative parameters of the placenta significantly showed changes in placenta from the passive smoker group compared to the controls. These changes can probably be associated with pregnancy complications in smoking mothers and may affect the development and survival of the fetus and even it’s future.
Phytochemicals Rosmarinic Acid, Ampelopsin, and Amorfrutin-A Can Modulate Age-Related Phenotype of Serially Passaged Human Skin Fibroblasts in vitro

One of the aims of the EU-funded Research and Innovation Action (RIA), titled “Ageing with Elegans” (AwE) is to enhance better understanding of the factors causing health and disease in aging and develop evidence-based preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, and other strategies. The work package-5 of this project is focused on testing the effects of phytochemicals of natural and synthetic origin on aging, longevity, and health of human cells in vitro, after the initial screening using the animal model systems of nematodes and rats and mice. Accordingly, the first series of three compounds, rosmarinic acid (ROSM), ampelopsin (AMPEL), and amorfrutin-A (AMOR), were selected to test for their short-term and long-term effects on human skin fibroblasts undergoing aging and senescence in vitro. The lifelong modulatory effects of these compounds were tested individually at two doses (0.5 and 1.0 μM), selected after a short-term dose response check of a 20,000-fold range (0.01–200 μM). The results show that these compounds do have some beneficial effects in terms of supporting the long-term lifelong growth and enhanced stress tolerance of serially passaged cells. These effects seem to be achieved by reducing the extent of loss of telomeres, of 5-methyl-cytosine (5-mC) and of 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine (5-hmC), by reducing the accumulation of oxidative DNA damage product 8-OHdG. There is also some indication that these compounds induce at least one of the stress responses in terms of the increased synthesis of heat shock protein Hsp70. Thus, these phytochemicals may be potential hormetins, which bring about their health beneficial effects by the phenomenon of mild stress-induced hormesis.