Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peripheral-Track and Central-Track Hill-Sachs Lesions: A New Concept of Assessing an On-Track Lesion

Background: It has been demonstrated biomechanically that 25% is a critical size defect of the glenoid. However, a recent clinical study reported that a bone loss between 13.5% and 20% (subcritical bone loss) led to impairment of quality of life but not a recurrence of instability. Purpose: To clarify whether a subcritical bone loss exists in assessing a Hill-Sachs lesion via a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Fifty patients (mean age, 27 years) with <25% glenoid defect who were treated with arthroscopic Bankart repair for recurrent anterior dislocation were assessed at a mean follow-up of 28 months. All had an on-track Hill-Sachs lesion. The Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) and Rowe scores were used for the clinical evaluation. The Hill-Sachs interval was measured on 3-dimensional computed tomography images and divided by the glenoid track width, defined as the Hill-Sachs occupancy (in percentages). The glenoid track was divided into 4 zones based on the percentage of the Hill-Sachs occupancy: zone 1, <25%; zone 2, 25% to <50%; zone 3, 50% to <75%; and zone 4, ≥75%. Results: The recurrence rate was 6% (3 of 50 shoulders). The Rowe score significantly improved from 45.2 ± 4.7 (mean ± SD) preoperatively to 92.3 ± 6.5 at the final follow-up (P < .05). The WOSI score also significantly increased from 46.6% ± 19.3% preoperatively to 72.3% ± 21.0% at the final follow-up (P < .001). The WOSI score of patients in zone 4 (peripheral-track lesion) (n = 10) was significantly lower than those in the other zones (central-track lesion) (P = .0379). Of the 10 patients with the peripheral-track lesion, 5 had a <40% WOSI score, similar to the preoperative WOSI score (46.6%). Conclusion: Patients with on-track lesions can be divided into 2 subgroups: those with the Hill-Sachs occupancy ≥75% (peripheral-track lesion) showed significantly worse WOSI score without recurrent instability events than those with the Hill-Sacks occupancy <75% (central-track lesion).
Improved Performance of Fundamental Mode Orthogonal Fluxgate Using a Micro-Patterned Meander-Shaped Ribbon Core

In this paper, the performance of orthogonal fluxgate sensors with meander-shaped cores is studied in fundamental mode. The meander-shaped cores are made by micro-patterning technology based on a Co-based amorphous ribbon. The main advantage of this structure is that the linear operating range of the sensor can be adjusted simply by changing the number of strips, without affecting the excitation mechanism. Experiments show that a linear range of 560 μT is obtained by a meander-shaped core sensor with 12 strips. The changes in the number of strips can also increase sensitivity and reduce noise of the sensor. We can achieve a sensitivity of 600 V/T and a noise level of 0.64 nT/√Hz at 1 Hz for a meander-shaped core sensor with eight strips. Compared with the performance of the sensors built using a single strip core having the same equivalent cross-sectional area, the use of meander-shaped core can provide a higher sensitivity and linearity, and a lower noise level. We also compare the performance of an eight-strip meander-shaped core orthogonal fluxgate operated in the fundamental and second-harmonic modes. Similar sensitivity for the two modes can be obtained by adjusting the excitation current. In this case, we find that the noise of sensor operating in fundamental mode is about five times lower than that of the sensor operating in second-harmonic mode. This can be interpreted as the suppression of Barkhausen noise by unipolar bias in the fundamental mode.
Hydrogen Sulfide Effects on the Survival of Lactobacilli with Emphasis on the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

The gut microbiota is a complex component of humans that depends on diet, host genome, and lifestyle. The background: The study purpose is to find relations between nutrition, intestinal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from various environments (human, animal intestine, and yogurt) and sulfate-reducing microbial communities in the large intestine; to compare kinetic growth parameters of LAB; and to determine their sensitivity to different concentration of hydrogen sulfide produced by intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria. Methods: Microbiological (isolation and identification), biochemical (electrophoresis), molecular biology methods (DNA isolation and PCR analysis), and statistical processing (average and standard error calculations) of the results were used. The results: The toxicity of hydrogen sulfide produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria, the survival of lactic acid bacteria, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined. The measured hydrogen sulfide sensitivity values were the same for L. paracasei and L. reuteri (MIC > 1.1 mM). In addition, L. plantarum and L. fermentum showed also a similar sensitivity (MIC > 0.45 mM) but significantly (p < 0.05) lower than L. reuteri and L. paracasei (1.1 > 0.45 mM). L. paracasei and L. reuteri are more sensitive to hydrogen sulfide than L. fermentum and L. plantarum. L. pentosus was sensitive to the extremely low concentration of H2S (MIC > 0.15 mM). Conclusions: The Lactobacillus species were significantly sensitive to hydrogen sulfide, which is a final metabolite of intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria. The results are definitely helpful for a better understanding of complicated interaction among intestinal microbiota and nutrition.
Unfolding the effects of different forestry treatments on microclimate in oak forests: results of a 4‐yr experiment

Abstract A stable below‐canopy microclimate of forests is essential for their biodiversity and ecosystem functionality. Forest management necessarily modifies the buffering capacity of woodlands. However, the specific effects of different forestry treatments on site conditions, the temporal recovery after the harvests, and the reason for the contrasts between treatments are still poorly understood. The effects of four different forestry treatments (clear‐cutting, retention tree group, preparation cutting, and gap‐cutting) on microclimatic variables were studied within a field experiment in a managed oak‐dominated stand in Hungary, before (2014) and after (2015–2017) the interventions by complete block design with six replicates. From the first post‐treatment year, clear‐cuts differed the most from the uncut control due to the increased irradiance and heat load. Means and variability of air and soil temperature increased, air became dryer along with higher soil moisture levels. Retention tree groups could effectively ameliorate the extreme temperatures but not the mean values. Preparation cutting induced slight changes from the original buffered and humid forest microclimate. Despite the substantially more incoming light, gap‐cutting could retain the cool and humid air conditions and showed the highest increase in soil moisture after the interventions. For most microclimate variables, we could not observe any obvious trend within 3 yr. However, soil temperature variability decreased with time in clear‐cuts, while soil moisture difference continuously increased in gap‐ and clear‐cuts. Based on multivariate analyses, the treatments separated significantly based mainly on the temperature maxima and variability. We found that (1) the effect sizes among treatment levels were consistent throughout the years, (2) the climatic recovery time for variables appears to be far more than 3 yr, and (3) the applied silvicultural methods diverged mainly among the temperature maxima. Based on our study, the spatially heterogeneous and fine‐scaled treatments of continuous cover forestry (gap‐cutting, selection systems) are recommended. By applying these practices, the essential structural elements creating buffered microclimate could be more successfully maintained. Thus, forestry interventions could induce less pronounced alterations in environmental conditions for forest‐dwelling organism groups.
A New Principle for Measuring the Average Relative Humidity in Large Volumes of Non-Homogenous Gas

Due to the current extent of arid regions, the pressure on available water resources is increasing. A suitable measure for water availability and dynamics in dry soil is the relative humidity of the soil air. Due to the heterogeneity of soil, water inputs, and root water uptake, the humidity of soil air will vary in space. Therefore, area-representative measurement methods are needed to find a representative measure of the soil water status. Existing sensors for the direct determination of relative humidity only represent a single location with a spatial extent of up to several cm. We introduce a new measuring principle that averages over a spatially heterogeneously distributed relative humidity. It is based on the selective diffusion of water vapor pressure through a tubular semipermeable membrane to/from a closed measurement chamber. A measured pressure change is sensitive to the water vapor pressure and enables, without any external calibration, to estimate an average of the relative humidity. The comparison of our first laboratory prototype of the new sensor with calibrated reference sensors for relative humidity in a range of approx. 4 to 100% proves the linearity of the measuring method and its high accuracy. For further optimization improved reference measurement techniques are necessary. A potential application is the improvement of water use efficiency in irrigated agriculture.
Live respiratory syncytial virus attenuated by M2-2 deletion and stabilized temperature sensitivity mutation 1030s is a promising vaccine candidate in children.

BACKGROUND The safety and immunogenicity of live respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) candidate vaccine, LID/ΔM2-2/1030s, with deletion of RSV RNA synthesis regulatory protein M2-2 and genetically stabilized temperature-sensitivity mutation 1030s in the RSV polymerase protein was evaluated in RSV-seronegative children. METHODS RSV-seronegative children ages 6-24 months received one intranasal dose of 105 plaque forming units (PFU) of LID/ΔM2-2/1030s (n=21) or placebo (n=11) (NCT02952339/ NCT02794870). RSV serum antibodies, vaccine shedding, and reactogenicity were assessed. During the following RSV season, medically-attended acute respiratory illness (MAARI) and pre- and post-surveillance serum antibody titers were monitored. RESULTS Eighty-five percent of vaccinees shed LID/ΔM2-2/1030s vaccine (median peak nasal wash titers: 3.1 log10 PFU/mL by immuno-plaque assay; 5.1 log10 copies/mL by RT-qPCR) and had ≥4-fold rise in serum neutralizing antibodies. Respiratory symptoms and fever were common (60% vaccinees and 27% placebo recipients). One vaccinee had grade 2 wheezing with rhinovirus but without concurrent LID/ΔM2-2/1030s shedding. Five of 19 vaccinees had >4-fold increases in antibody titers post-surveillance without RSV-MAARI, indicating anamnestic responses without significant illness following infection with community-acquired RSV. CONCLUSION LID/ΔM2-2/1030s had excellent infectivity without evidence of genetic instability, induced durable immunity, and primed for anamnestic antibody responses, making it an attractive candidate for further evaluation.
Exoproteome profiling of Trypanosoma cruzi during amastigogenesis early stages

Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, affecting around 8 million people worldwide. After host cell invasion, the infective trypomastigote form remains 2–4 hours inside acidic phagolysosomes to differentiate into replicative amastigote form. In vitro acidic-pH-induced axenic amastigogenesis was used here to study this step of the parasite life cycle. After three hours of trypomastigote incubation in amastigogenesis promoting acidic medium (pH 5.0) or control physiological pH (7.4) medium samples were subjected to three rounds of centrifugation followed by ultrafiltration of the supernatants. The resulting exoproteome samples were trypsin digested and analysed by nano flow liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Computational protein identification searches yielded 271 and 483 protein groups in the exoproteome at pH 7.4 and pH 5.0, respectively, with 180 common proteins between both conditions. The total amount and diversity of proteins released by parasites almost doubled upon acidic incubation compared to control. Overall, 76.5% of proteins were predicted to be secreted by classical or non-classical pathways and 35.1% of these proteins have predicted transmembrane domains. Classical secretory pathway analysis showed an increased number of mucins and mucin-associated surface proteins after acidic incubation. However, the number of released trans-sialidases and surface GP63 peptidases was higher at pH 7.4. Trans-sialidases and mucins are anchored to the membrane and exhibit an enzyme-substrate relationship. In general, mucins are glycoproteins with immunomodulatory functions in Chagas disease, present mainly in the epimastigote and trypomastigote surfaces and could be enzymatically cleaved and released in the phagolysosome during amastigogenesis. Moreover, evidence for flagella discard during amastigogenesis are addressed. This study provides the first comparative analysis of the exoproteome during amastigogenesis, and the presented data evidence the dynamism of its profile in response to acidic pH-induced differentiation.
Dietary phenylalanine requirements during early and late gestation in healthy pregnant women.

BACKGROUND Phenylalanine is an indispensable amino acid and, via tyrosine, is the precursor for the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Currently, dietary requirements for phenylalanine during pregnancy are unknown. OBJECTIVES This study's aim was to determine phenylalanine requirements (in the presence of excess tyrosine) during early and late gestation using direct amino acid oxidation (DAAO; with l-[1-13C]phenylalanine) and indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO; with l-[1-13C]leucine). METHODS Twenty-three healthy women (age: 30.4 ± 3.1 y, mean ± SD) were studied at a range of phenylalanine intakes (5.5-30.5 mg · kg-1 · d-1 in early and late pregnancy using DAAO, and 2.5-30.5 mg · kg-1 · d-1 in late pregnancy using IAAO) for a total of 76 study days. Test intakes were provided as 8 isocaloric and isonitrogenous meals with 1.5 g · kg-1 · d-1 protein and energy at 1.7 times the measured resting energy expenditure. Breath samples were analyzed on an isotope ratio mass spectrometer for 13C enrichment. Phenylalanine requirement was determined using a 2-phase linear regression crossover model to identify a breakpoint in 13CO2 production (representing the mean requirement) in response to phenylalanine intakes. RESULTS Phenylalanine requirement during early pregnancy was determined to be 15 mg · kg-1 · d-1 (95% CI: 10.4, 19.9 mg · kg-1 · d-1); during late pregnancy, it was determined to be 21 mg · kg-1 · d-1 by DAAO (95% CI: 17.4, 24.7 mg · kg-1 · d-1) and IAAO (95% CI: 10.5, 32.2 mg · kg-1 · d-1). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a higher requirement (40%) for phenylalanine during late pregnancy than during early pregnancy. Moreover, the early pregnancy requirements are higher than the previous adult male requirement (9.1 mg · kg-1 · d-1; 95% CI: 4.6, 13.6 mg · kg-1 · d-1), although the 95% CIs overlap. Both DAAO and IAAO methods provided similar breakpoints in late pregnancy, showing that the DAAO method was appropriate even though low phenylalanine intakes could not be tested. These results have potential implications for gestation stage-specific dietary phenylalanine recommendations in future.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02669381.
Metabolic costs of spontaneous swimming in Sprattus sprattus L., at different water temperatures

Oxygen uptake (MO2; mgO2 fish-1h-1) of fish groups was measured at temperatures between 10–19°C in an intermittent-flow respirometer to quantify the metabolic costs of spontaneous swimming patterns in the small clupeid Sprattus sprattus. Movements of individual fish within the school were tracked automatically during respirometry. Oxygen uptake was then related to mean swimming speeds and the number of sharp turns (>90°), which are common behavioural elements of spontaneous swimming in clupeid fish. Different possible model formulations for describing the relationship between respiration and swimming patterns were compared via the AIC. The final model revealed that costs for sharp turns at a frequency of 1 s-1 doubled the metabolic costs compared to those with zero turns but with likewise a moderate swimming speed of 0.28 body length -1. The cost for swimming doubled if the swimming speed was doubled from 0.28 to 0.56 BLs-1 but increased by a factor of 4.5 if tripled to 0.84 BLs-1. Costs for transport were minimal at a speed of 0.4 body lengths s-1 at all temperatures. New basic input parameters to estimate energy losses during spontaneous movements, which occur typically during foraging in this small pelagic fish, are provided.
Factors affecting acceptance of at-birth point of care HIV testing among providers and parents in Kenya: A qualitative study

Background At-birth and point-of-care (POC) HIV testing are emerging strategies to streamline infant HIV diagnosis and expedite ART initiation for HIV-positive infants. The purpose of this qualitative study was to evaluate factors influencing the provision and acceptance of at-birth POC testing among both HIV care providers and parents of HIV-exposed infants in Kenya. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 HIV care providers and 35 parents of HIV-exposed infants (including 23 mothers, 6 fathers, and 3 mother-father pairs) at four study hospitals prior to POC implementation. An overview of best available evidence related to POC was presented to participants prior to each interview. Interviews probed about standard EID services, perceived benefits and risk of at-birth and POC testing, and suggested logistics of providing at-birth and POC. Interviews were audio recorded, translated (if necessary), and transcribed verbatim. Using the Transdisciplinary Model of Evidence Based Practice to guide analysis, transcripts were coded based on a priori themes related to environmental context, patient characteristics, and resources. Results Most providers (24/26) and parents (30/35) held favorable attitudes towards at-birth POC testing. The potential for earlier results to improve infant care and reduce parental anxiety drove preferences for at-birth POC testing. Parents with unfavorable views towards at-birth POC testing preferred standard testing at 6 weeks so that mothers could heal after birth and have time to bond with their newborn before–possibly–learning that their child was HIV-positive. Providers identified lack of resources (shortage of staff, expertise, and space) as a barrier. Discussion While overall acceptability of at-birth POC testing among HIV care providers and parents of HIV-exposed infants may facilitate uptake, barriers remain. Applying a task-shifting approach to implementation and ensuring providers receive training on at-birth POC testing may mitigate provider-related challenges. Comprehensive counseling throughout the antenatal and postpartum periods may mitigate patient-related challenges.
UCC118 supplementation reduces exercise‐induced gastrointestinal permeability and remodels the gut microbiome in healthy humans

Dysregulation of gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function has emerged as potential mechanisms underlying digestive diseases, yet targeted therapies are lacking The purpose of this investigation was to assess the efficacy of UCC118, a characterized probiotic strain, on exercise‐induced GI permeability in healthy humans. In a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study, seven healthy adults received 4 weeks of daily UCC118 or placebo supplementation. GI hyperpermeability was induced by strenuous treadmill running performed before and after each supplementation period. While running, participants ingested 5 g of lactulose, rhamnose, and sucrose. Urine was collected before, immediately after, and every hour for 5 h after exercise to assess GI permeability. Metagenomic sequencing was performed on fecal homogenates collected prior to exercise to identify changes in microbial diversity and taxon abundances. Inflammatory biomarkers were assessed from blood and fecal homogenates collected prior to and immediately following the cessation of exercise. Exercise significantly induced intestinal permeability of lactulose, rhamnose, and sucrose (P < 0.001). UCC118 significantly reduced sucrose (Δ = −0.38 ± 0.13 vs. 1.69 ± 0.79; P < 0.05) recovery, with no substantial change in lactulose (Δ = −0.07 ± 0.23 vs. 0.35 ± 0.15; P = 0.16) or rhamnose (Δ = −0.06 ± 0.22 vs. 0.48 ± 0.28; P = 0.22). Taxonomic sequencing revealed 99 differentially regulated bacteria spanning 6 taxonomic ranks (P < 0.05) after UCC118 supplementation. No differences in plasma IL‐6 or fecal zonulin were observed after UCC118 supplementation. The results described herein provide proof of principle that 4 weeks of UCC118 supplementation attenuated exercise‐induced intestinal hyperpermeability. Further research is warranted to investigate the as‐yet‐to‐be defined molecular processes of intestinal hyperpermeability and the effects of probiotic supplementation.
Effect of Forsythiaside A on the RLRs Signaling Pathway in the Lungs of Mice Infected with the Influenza A Virus FM1 Strain

Forsythiaside A, a phenylethanoid glycoside monomer extracted from Forsythia suspensa, shows anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, anti-oxidative, and antiviral pharmacological effects. The precise mechanism underlying the antiviral action of forsythiaside A is not completely clear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine whether the anti-influenza action of forsythiaside A occurs via the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I–like receptors (RLRs) signaling pathway in the lung immune cells. Forsythiaside A was used to treat C57BL/6J mice and MAVS−/− mice infected with mouse-adapted influenza A virus FM1 (H1N1, A/FM1/1/47 strain), and the physical parameters (body weight and lung index) and the expression of key factors in the RLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway were evaluated. At the same time, the level of virus replication and the ratio of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg of T cell subsets were measured. Compared with the untreated group, the weight loss in the forsythiaside A group in the C57BL/6J mice decreased, and the histopathological sections showed less inflammatory damage after the infection with the influenza A virus FM1 strain. The gene and protein expression of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I), MAVS, and NF-κB were significantly decreased in the forsythiaside A group. Flow cytometry showed that Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg differentiated into Th2 cells and Treg cells, respectively, after treatment with forsythiaside A. In conclusion, forsythiaside A reduces the inflammatory response caused by influenza A virus FM1 strain in mouse lungs by affecting the RLRs signaling pathway in the mouse lung immune cells.