Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Type 2 diabetes: prevalence and associated factors in a Brazilian community--the Bambuí health and aging study.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Diabetes is an increasing cause of death in developing countries. Our objective was to describe the prevalence and clinical factors associated with diabetes and impaired fasting glycemia among adults (18-59 years) and elderly adults (60+ years). DESIGN AND SETTING Population based, cross-sectional study in Bambuí, Brazil. METHODS 816 adult and 1,494 elderly participants were interviewed; weight, height and blood pressure measured; and blood samples collected. Diabetes was defined as plasma fasting glucose > 126 mg/dl and/or use of hypoglycemic agents; impaired fasting glycemia as glycemia of 110-125 mg/dl. Associations were investigated using multinomial logistical regression (reference: fasting glycemia < 109 mg/dl). RESULTS Among the elderly, 218 (14.59%) presented diabetes and 199 (13.32%) impaired fasting glycemia, whereas adult prevalences were 2.33% and 5.64%. After multinomial analysis, diabetes remained associated, for adults, with increased waist-to-hip ratio and total cholesterol > 240 mg/dl; for elderly adults, with family history of diabetes, body-mass index of 25-29 kg/m(2), body-mass index > 30 kg/m(2), increased waist-to-hip ratio, low HDL-cholesterol triglyceridemia of 200-499 mg/dl and triglyceridemia > 500 mg/dl. Among adults, impaired fasting glycemia remained associated negatively with male sex and positively with ages of 40-59 years, physical inactivity and increased waist-to-hip ratio; among the elderly, with alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity and triglycerides > 200 mg/dl. CONCLUSIONS The results reinforce the importance of interventions to reduce physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, obesity and dyslipidemia, so as to prevent increasing incidence of diabetes.
Cross-talk between GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation: Site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in response to globally elevated O-GlcNAc

Protein GlcNAcylation serves as a nutrient/stress sensor to modulate the functions of many nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. O-GlcNAc cycles on serine or threonine residues like phosphorylation, is nearly as abundant, and functions, at least partially, via its interplay with phosphorylation. Here, we describe changes in site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in response to globally elevated GlcNAcylation. By combining sequential phospho-residue enrichment, iTRAQ labeling, and high throughput mass spectrometric analyses, phosphorylation dynamics on 711 phosphopeptides were quantified. Based upon their insensitivity to phosphatase inhibition, we conclude that ≈48% of these phosphorylation sites were not actively cycling in the conditions of the study. However, increased GlcNAcylation influenced phosphate stoichiometry at most of the sites that did appear to be actively cycling. Elevated GlcNAcylation resulted in lower phosphorylation at 280 sites and caused increased phosphorylation at 148 sites. Thus, the cross-talk or interplay between these two abundant posttranslational modifications is extensive, and may arises both by steric competition for occupancy at the same or proximal sites and by each modification regulating the other's enzymatic machinery. The phosphoproteome dynamics presented by this large set of quantitative data not only delineates the complex interplay between phosphorylation and GlcNAcyation, but also provides insights for more focused investigations of specific roles of O-GlcNAc in regulating protein functions and signaling pathways.
Nudging Users Into Online Verification: The Case of Carsharing Platforms

With the emergence of new technologies, user transactions have become increasingly digital and thus anonymous. As a result, online platforms started offering new user identity verification mechanisms including online verification. However, convincing users to verify online represents a challenge as benefits must be carefully balanced with resulting risks. We combine Toulmin’s model of argumentation with Regulatory Focus Theory to develop communication arguments to nudge users into online verification. Two argument types consisting of both claim and claim-supporting data are employed: a promotion-focus argument conveying convenience and a prevention-focus argument aiming to reduce privacy concerns. In a controlled experiment, we find that both claims significantly increase online verification conversion rate if supported by data. The effect of a prevention-focus claim is stronger than that of a promotion-focus claim. However, if a prevention-focus claim is not supported by data, it actually decreases online verification rate compared to if no claim is shown.
Nature and Origin of the Antibacterial Substances in Honey

Abstract The nonperoxide antibacterial activity of honey and honey fractions was tested with Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus bacterial species. Antibacterial activity correlated significantly with the honey acidity but did not correlate with honey pH. There were small differences between the antibacterial activities of different honey types: rhododendron, eucalyptus and orange honeys had a relatively low activity, whereas dandelion, honeydew and rape honeys had a relatively higher activity. These results suggest that a part of the antibacterial activity might be of plant origin. However, the antibacterial activity of sugar-adulterated honeys was the same as that of control honeydew honeys produced in the same apiary suggesting that the major part of the antibacterial activity of honeydew honey is of bee origin. Ten different honeys were fractionated into four fractions using column chromatography or vacuum distillation: acidic; basic; nonvolatile, nonpolar; and volatile. The antibacterial activity of the different fractions tested was: acids > bases = nonpolar, nonvolatiles > volatiles. This order was the same using either Staph. aureus or Micrococcus luteus as test strains. An exception was manuka honey from New Zealand where almost the entire activity was found in the acidic fraction.
Puberty and ovulation rate of Romanov, Dorper, and their crosses during the first breeding season

Six Dorper (D), 21 Romanov (R), 50 3/4D x 1/4R, 53 1/2D x 1/2R, and 46 1/4D x 3/4R ewe lambs, born over a six-week period in October/November 1989, were teased twice daily from weaning during 1990 until they showed no further signs of oestrus. Ovulation rate was determined laparoscopically three to four days after the cessation of oestrus. Age of the dam had a significant ( P < 0.01) effect on mass and age at first oestrus, but had no significant effect on ovulation rate of the ewe lambs. Dorper ewe lambs were the heaviest and oldest at the end of the breeding season, but none completed three oestrous cycles. Fifty per cent of the 3/4D X 1/4R, 66% of the 1/2D X 1/2R, 74% of the 1/4D X 3/4R, and 71% of the Romanov genotypes completed three oestrous cycles. Genotype had a significant ( P < 0.01) effect on age and mass at first oestrus and also on ovulation rate. An increase in the percentage Romanov genes resulted in a decrease in ewe mass and an increase in ovulation rate. The mean age of ewe lambs over the first three oestrous cycles decreased up to the 1/2D X 1/2R genotype, but increased again with a further accruement of Romanov genes. Ses Dorper(D)-, 21 Romanov(R)-, 50 3/4D X 1/4R-, 53 1/2D X 1/2R-, en 46 1/4D X 3/4R-ooilammers, gebore oor 'n periode van ses weke in Oktober/November 1989, is tweemaal daagliks gedurende 1990 gekoggel totdat geen teken meer van estrusaktiwiteit waargeneem is nie. Drie tot vier dae later is ovulasietempo van die ooie wat estrus vertoon het, laparoskopies bepaal. Ouderdom van die moeder het 'n betekenisvolle (P < 0.01) invloed op massa en ouderdom by eerste estrus van die lammers gehad. maar nie op ovulasietempo nie. Dorperlammerooie was die swaarste en die oudste aan die einde van die teelseisoen, maar geen Dorperooi het drie estrussiklusse voltooi nie. Drie estrussiklusse is wel deur 50% van die 3/4D X 1/4R-, 66% van die 1/2D X 1/2R-, 74% van die 1/4D X 3/4R- en 71% van die Romanov-genotipes voltooi. Genotipe het 'n betekenisvolle ( P < 0.01) invloed op ouderdom en massa by eerste estrus, en op ovulasietempo gehad. 'n Verhoging in die persentasie Romanovgene het gelei tot 'n verlaging in ooimassa en 'n toename in ovulasietempo. Die gemiddelde ouderdom van ooilammers oor die eerste drie estrussiklusse het afgeneem tot by die 1/2D X 1/2R-genotipe, waama dit weer toegeneem het met 'n verdere toename in Romanov-gene. Keywords : Crosses, Dorper, ovulation rate, puberty, Romanov.
Stellar Population Diagnostics of Elliptical Galaxy Formation

Major progress has been achieved in recent years in mapping the properties of passively-evolving, early-type galaxies (ETG) from the local universe all the way to redshift ∼2. Here, age and metallicity estimates for local cluster and field ETGs are reviewed as based on color-magnitude, color-σ , and fundamental plane relations, as well as on spectral-line indices diagnostics. The results of applying the same tools at high redshifts are then discussed, and their consistency with the low-redshift results is assessed. Most low- as well as high-redshift (z ∼ 1) observations consistently indicate (a) a formation redshift z 3 for the bulk of stars in cluster ETGs, with their counterparts in low-density environments being on average ∼1–2 Gyr younger, i.e., formed at z 1.5–2; (b) the duration of the major star-formation phase anticorrelates with galaxy mass, and the oldest stellar populations are found in the most massive galaxies. With increasing redshift there is evidence for a decrease in the number density of ETGs, especially of the less massive ones, whereas existing data appear to suggest that most of the most-massive ETGs were already fully assembled at z ∼ 1. Beyond this redshift, the space density of ETGs starts dropping significantly, and as ETGs disappear, a population of massive, strongly clustered, starburst galaxies progressively becomes more and more prominent, which makes them the likely progenitors to ETGs.
KUALITAS LAYANAN, CITRA PERUSAHAAN DAN KEPERCAYAAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KEPUASAN NASABAH BANK BRI CABANG MANADO

Industri perbankan memegang peranan yang sangat strategis karena kegiatan perekonomian suatu negara kususnya dalam industri perbankan tidak terlepas dari sebuah alur lalu lintas pembayaran uang. Tingkat kesuksesan bank dipengaruhi dengan seberapa besar kepuasan yang dirasakan melalui kualitas layanan, citra perusahaan dan kepercayaan dimata nasabah. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui apakah kualitas pelayanan, citra perusahaan dan kepercayaan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan nasabah. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan sebanyak 100 orang nasabah. Metode penelitian yang dgunakan adalah jenis penelitian asosiatif dengan teknik Analisa data menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan secara simultan kualitas layanan, citra perusahaan dan kepercayaan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan nasabah, secara parsial citra perusahaan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan nasabah sedangkan kualitas layanan dan kepercayaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan nasabah. Pihak manajemen perlu meningkatkan citra perusahaan melalui komunikasi pemasaran dan strategi iklan yang tepat untuk meningkatkan citra perusahaan pada para nasabahnya. Kata kunci : kualitas layanan, citra, kepercayayaan, kepuasan.
Cervical funneling: sonographic criteria predictive of preterm delivery

Our objective was to establish sonographic criteria that are predictive of preterm delivery in patients with internal os dilatation (funneling). The study population consisted of patients with cervical funneling identified on translabial or transvaginal ultrasound examination. Funnel length, functional length, percentage funneling and funnel width were evaluated for their predictive values for preterm delivery.
Government Guarantees and Bank Risk Taking Incentives

This paper analyzes the effect of the removal of government guarantees on bank risk taking. We exploit the removal of guarantees for German Landesbanken which results in lower credit ratings, higher funding costs, and a loss in franchise value. This removal was announced in 2001, but Landesbanken were allowed to issue guaranteed bonds until 2005. We find that Landesbanken lend to riskier borrowers after 2001. This effect is most pronounced for Landesbanken with the highest expected decrease in franchise value. Landesbanken also significantly increased their off-balance sheet exposure to the global ABCP market. Our results provide implications for the debate on how to remove guarantees.
A 0.7V 7-to-10bit 0-to-2MS/s flexible SAR ADC for ultra low-power wireless sensor nodes

This paper presents a flexible SAR ADC in 90nm CMOS for wireless sensor nodes. By supporting resolutions from 7 to 10bit and sample rates from DC to 2MS/s, this design can be used for a variety of applications such as sensor interfacing and receiver frontends. Flexibility is achieved by a reconfigurable comparator and a reconfigurable DAC. Compared to prior art, this work substantially improves power-efficiency and enables low-voltage operation by employing a pseudo-differential DAC switching scheme, offset compensation and simplified asynchronous logic control. The measured chip achieves power-efficiencies of 2.8-6.6fJ/conversion-step at 2MS/s and 0.7V supply. The FOM is maintained down to kS/s-range as the leakage is only 2nW.
Mitochondrial DNA Content of Human Spermatozoa1

Abstract Sperm mitochondria play an important role in spermatozoa because of the high ATP demand of these cells. Different mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and haplogroups influence sperm function. The mtDNA dose also contributes to genetic variability and pathology in different tissues and organs, but nothing is known about its relevance in the performance of spermatozoa. We estimated the variability in mtDNA content within a population of men. Different mtDNA:nuclear DNA ratios were characteristic of progressive and nonprogressive spermatozoa, confirming the influence of mtDNA content on sperm functionality. We also estimated that the absolute content of mtDNA was 700 and 1200 mtDNA copies per cell in progressive and nonprogressive human spermatozoa, respectively. These results suggest that a marked increase of mtDNA copy number per cell volume takes place during spermatogenesis.
Building successful leadership coaching relationships: Examining impact of matching criteria in a leadership coaching program

Purpose – This paper aims to employ a conceptual model to examine the relationship processes and mediating role of client‐coach relationship between client‐coach match criteria and coaching outcomes to advance the understanding of client‐coach relationship's impact on leadership coaching.Design/methodology/approach – Data collected from 74 client‐coach pairs participating in a voluntary leadership coaching program at a military service academy during pre‐partnering and post‐transition phases were analyzed to examine the impact of match criteria and client‐coach relationship processes on coaching outcomes.Findings – Consistent with the conceptual framework, relationship processes of rapport, trust, and commitment positively predicted coaching program outcomes, including client and coach reactions, behavioral change, and coaching program results. The client‐coach relationship fully mediated two match criteria (compatibility and credibility) with coaching outcomes, suggesting that complementary managerial an.
Energy Cost of Walking in Normal Children and Teenagers

Oxygen consumption during free level walking was determined in 114 children and teenaged subjects between the ages of 6 and 19 years and compared with a group of 47 normal adults. Subjects were divided into two age groups: children (6–12 years) and adolescents (13–19 years). The mean rate of oxygen uptake for children was significantly greater, 15.3ml/kg/min, than the value for teenaged subjects, 12.9ml/kg/min. The oxygen cost to walk a unit distance (meter) was higher in children than adolescent subjects. The mean values averaged. 22ml/kg/min and 18ml/kg/min respectively. The data on heart rate paralleled the findings on oxygen consumption. The mean heart rate for children, 114 beats per minute (bpm), was significantly higher than the mean values for adolescent subjects, 97bpm.
Caveats about elective coronary stenting.

Nearly 10 years ago, coronary-artery stents were developed with the hope of preventing restenosis after coronary angioplasty, a problem that has proved all too common. The first clinical report of coronary-artery stenting, by Sigwart and colleagues, was published in the Journal in 19871. In their study, permanent metal prosthetic coronary stents were used in conjunction with a rudimentary antithrombotic medical regimen; follow-up of the first cohort of patients suggested that this approach was associated with too many thrombotic complications2. Perseverance in the past decade has led to considerable progress in coronary stenting. The Gianturco-Roubin stent, with its flexible-coil .
Risk factors for infection and amputation following open, combat-related calcaneal fractures.

BACKGROUND High-energy open calcaneal fractures are severe injuries complicated by high rates of infection, uncertain functional outcomes, and frequent need for later amputation. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of 102 consecutive combat-related open calcaneal fractures. Patient demographics, injury mechanisms, fracture and wound characteristics, associated fractures, and methods of fracture fixation were reviewed to determine risk factors for eventual amputation or infection. RESULTS Eighty-nine patients, with a mean age of twenty-six years, sustained 102 open calcaneal fractures (thirteen bilateral). After a mean follow-up of four years (range, five to ninety-two months), 42% (forty-three limbs) underwent amputation. A delayed amputation (more than twelve weeks from the time of injury) was performed in 15% (fifteen) of 102 open calcaneal fractures. In a multivariate Cox proportional-hazards survival model with time to amputation as the end point, the blast mechanism of injury, plantar wound location, larger size of open wound (in square centimeters), and escalating Gustilo and Anderson classification types (p < 0.05 for all) were predictive of eventual amputation. At the time of the final follow-up, patients who had undergone amputation had lower visual analogue scale scores for pain (2.1 compared with 4.0; p < 0.0001) and higher Tegner activity levels (5.4 compared with 3.5; p < 0.0001) than limb salvage patients. CONCLUSIONS Lower-extremity amputation following open calcaneal fractures is predicted by the injury mechanism, wound location and size, and open fracture type and severity. After short-term follow-up, patients with open calcaneal fractures eventually requiring amputation exhibit improved pain and activity levels compared with patients with continued, ostensibly successful limb salvage.
Does the cancer patient want to know? Results from a study in an Indian tertiary cancer center

Objective: The disclosure of the diagnosis of cancer is a distressing and complex issue. Families and doctors still do not tell patients when they have cancer in the belief that the patient does not want to know and telling him would lead to fear and depression. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the information needs of Indian cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 300 patients’ views was conducted with the help of an adaptation of Cassileth's Information Needs questionnaire. Results: A majority of cancer patients exhibited a strong need for information about illness and treatment. Ninety-four percent wanted to know if their illness was cancer. Most patients also wanted to know the chance of cure (92%). Age, education, and type of treatment significantly affect information preferences. Gender did not have an effect on information needs. Conclusion: This study showed that most of the patients wanted to know about their illness, treatment, side-effects, and chances of cure.
Bee and bee products allergy in Turkish beekeepers: determination of risk factors for systemic reactions.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of allergic reactions due to bee stings in beekeepers varies in different regions of the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of sting reactions and the risk factors for developing systemic reactions in Turkish beekeepers. METHODS A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 1250 beekeepers to be completed in seven different cities of Turkey. A total of 494 (39.6 %) questionnaires were returned. RESULTS There were 444 subjects (89.9 %) with a history of sting exposure in the previous 12 months. Systemic reactions were present in 29 subjects (6.5 %) and nine (2 %) reactions were anaphylactic. Fifty-five percent of beekeepers reported more than 100 bee stings in the previous year. When systemic reactions were controlled by age and duration of beekeeping in a logistic regression model, seasonal rhinitis (OR: 4.4, 95 % CI: 1.2-11.5), perennial rhinitis (OR: 4.6, 95 % CI: 1.2-18.2), food allergy (OR:7.0, 95 % CI: 2.0-25.0), physician-diagnosed asthma (OR: 8.0, 95 % CI: 2.5-25.6), having an atopic disease of any type (OR: 3.3, 95 % CI: 1.2-8.7) and having two or more atopic diseases (OR: 10.9, 95 % CI: 3.5-33.8) were significantly associated with systemic reactions due to bee sting in the previous 12 months. CONCLUSION The incidence of systemic reactions in Turkish beekeepers is low, which might be due to the protective effect of a high frequency of bee stings. The risk of systemic reactions increases approximately three-fold when one atopic disease is present and eleven-fold when two or more concurrent atopic diseases are present with respect to no atopic disease.
Role of CXC chemokine ligand 12 / CXC chemokine receptor 4 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma ( Review )

The efficacy of the current non‐surgical treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains limited and novel treatments are required to improve patient outcomes. The majority of HCCs develop from chronically damaged tissue that contains a high degree of inflammation and fibrosis, which promotes tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Understanding the interaction between stromal components and cancer cells (and the signaling pathways involved in this interaction) could aid the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Numerous studies have demonstrated a marked association between high C‐X‐C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression and the invasiveness, progression and metastasis of HCC. The present review will investigate the different roles of CXCR4 in the progression of HCC and discuss possible future treatments. Through the C‐X‐C chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)/CXCR4 signaling pathway, ephrin A1 activation enhances the migration of endothelial progenitor cells to HCC to enable the neovascularization of tumors. There is an association between nuclear CXCR4 expression and the lymph node metastasis of HCC to distant areas. CXCR4 enhances cell migration in vitro and cell homing in vivo. CXCR4 levels are concentrated at the border of a tumor and in perivascular areas, inducing invasive behavior. The binding of CXCL12 to CXCR4 activates intracellular signaling pathways and induces crosstalk with transforming growth factor‐β signaling, which enhances the migration of cancer cells. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis also activates expression of matrix metalloproteinase 10, which further stimulates migration. CXCR4 is likely to crosstalk with the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway, contributing to tumor invasiveness and supporting the cancer stem‐cell population; as a result, CXCR4 can be regarded as a cancer stem‐cell marker. CXCR4 influences interstitial fluid flow‐induced invasion. CXCR4 expression and HCC cell migration are promoted by α‐fetoprotein, which activates AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling. CXCR4 also has the potential to affect sorafenib treatment for HCC. Targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway may, therefore, be a promising strategy in HCC treatment.