Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linguistic representations in multi-task neural networks for ellipsis resolution

Sluicing resolution is the task of identifying the antecedent to a question ellipsis. Antecedents are often sentential constituents, and previous work has therefore relied on syntactic parsing, together with complex linguistic features. A recent model instead used partial parsing as an auxiliary task in sequential neural network architectures to inject syntactic information. We explore the linguistic information being brought to bear by such networks, both by defining subsets of the data exhibiting relevant linguistic characteristics, and by examining the internal representations of the network. Both perspectives provide evidence for substantial linguistic knowledge being deployed by the neural networks.
Power Shift Paradox in Retailer-Manufacturer Negotiations : How to Take Advantage of the Channel Power Shift ?

In an experimental investigation, we challenge differences in bargaining power on the success in the domain of retailer-manufacturer negotiations. The power allocations turn out to have a significant impact on negotiation success. In scenarios with substantial differences in bargaining power, particularly female and mixed dyads failed to achieve a mutually satisfactory result. We learn that an increase in bargaining power does not necessarily lead to an increase in negotiation efficiency. Particularly, the paradox of channel power to profitability from manufacturer towards retailers is considered.
Mitochondrial DNA Evidence and Evolution in Varanoidea (Squamata)

Varanoidea is a monophyletic group of anguimorph lizards, comprising the New World helodermatids, the Bornean earless monitor Lanthanotus borneensis, and the Old World monitors (Varanus). I use mitochondrial DNA sequences and extensive taxonomic sampling to test alternative hypotheses of varanoid relationships. The most parsimonious hypothesis confirms the monophyly of Varanoidea (Heloderma, Lanthanotus, and Varanus) and Varanus, as well as the sister‐taxon relationship of Varanus and Lanthanotus. The relationships among Varanus species differ in several respects from previous hypotheses. Three major lineages are recognized within Varanus: an African clade basal to the rest of the group, an Indo‐Asian clade, and an Indo‐Australian clade. Within the last lineage, the endemic Australian dwarf monitors (Odatria) form a clade sister to the large Australian monitors (the gouldii group). Tests of the effects of rate heterogeneity and homoplasy demonstrate that putative process partitions of data are largely congruent with one another and contribute positive support to the overall hypothesis.
A Real Deployment to Investigate PAMPA and Smart Gossip

A broadcasting protocol for a wireless sensor network needs to be simple, lightweight and robust. The main goal of a broadcasting protocol is to gain the best propagation of a message for the low- est energy consumption. This is hard to achieve as typically sensor networks have low energy reserves and turbulent wireless transmis- sion, making them extremely prone to failure. PAMPA and Smart Gossip are the two broadcast protocols compared in this paper, their performances in previous simulations are amongst the best in the current research area. This is determined by how successfully they deliver packets to each node on the network and more importantly how little energy they consume while doing this. It is also important to evaluate how they perform when they are subject to real network problems such as node, message and sending failure. Before ei- ther protocol can be recommended for deployment, it is important to find how well they perform when deployed on a real network. By comparing the two protocols on a real network we can find the most lightweight, efficient and robust protocol when used in real life. This paper discusses the benefits and drawbacks of the two protocols, presents an in-depth evaluation and establishes which is the most capable. The results of this paper conclude that PAMPA was by far the most effective broadcast protocol; it managed to de- liver a high percentage of messages to each node on the network and managed to keep its message retransmissions and therefore its energy consumption very low.
Plasma Synthetic Jet Actuators for Active Flow Control

The plasma synthetic jet actuator (PSJA), also named as sparkjet actuator, is a special type of zero-net mass flux actuator, driven thermodynamically by pulsed arc/spark discharge. Compared to widely investigated mechanical synthetic jet actuators driven by vibrating diaphragms or oscillating pistons, PSJAs exhibit the unique capability of producing high-velocity (>300 m/s) pulsed jets at high frequency (>5 kHz), thus tailored for high-Reynolds-number high-speed flow control in aerospace engineering. This paper reviews the development of PSJA in the last 15 years, covering the major achievements in the actuator working physics (i.e., characterization in quiescent air) as well as flow control applications (i.e., interaction with external crossflow). Based on the extensive non-dimensional laws obtained in characterization studies, it becomes feasible to design an actuator under several performance constraints, based on first-principles. The peak jet velocity produced by this type of actuator scales approximately with the cubic root of the non-dimensional energy deposition, and the scaling factor is determined by the electro-mechanical efficiency of the actuator (O(0.1%–1%)). To boost the electro-mechanical efficiency, the energy losses in the gas heating phase and thermodynamic cycle process should be minimized by careful design of the discharge circuitry as well as the actuator geometry. Moreover, the limit working frequency of the actuator is set by the Helmholtz natural resonance frequency of the actuator cavity, which can be tuned by the cavity volume, exit orifice area and exit nozzle length. In contrast to the fruitful characterization studies, the application studies of PSJAs have progressed relatively slower, not only due to the inherent difficulties of performing advanced numerical simulations/measurements in high-Reynolds-number high-speed flow, but also related to the complexity of designing a reliable discharge circuit that can feed multiple actuators at high repetition rate. Notwithstanding these limitations, results from existing investigations are already sufficient to demonstrate the authority of plasma synthetic jets in shock wave boundary layer interaction control, jet noise mitigation and airfoil trailing-edge flow separation.
Defects and textures of hexagonal discotics

2014 Defects and textures were studied in the discotic mesophases formed by an hexa-alkoxy-triphenylene (the pentyl derivative). Two main textures are distinguished, with molecular stacks lying mainly vertical or horizontal. The vertical texture is more frequent between slide and coverslip; the second one is favoured by the airinterface (drop with a free upper surface). Both textures are built around + 03C0 or + 2 03C0 disclinations lying either horizontally in vertical textures or conversely. There are two different kinds of walls, corresponding either to a discontinuity of crystallographic axes or to a discontinuity of curvature. Germs of vertical textures present an outline with the symmetries of the hexagonal order of the molecular columns. The origin of the + 03C0 disclinations bhas been analysed in horizontal textures. A model is proposed for the textures submitted to a shear. J. Physique 41 (1980) 1307-1315 NOVEMBRE 1980,
Genetic manipulation of carotenoid pathway in higher plants

Food security in developing countries has both the quantity and quality components. The major identified malnutritions are iron > iodine > vitamin A. Each year, more than one million vitamin-A deficiency (VAD)-associated childhood deaths occur. According to the World Health Organization, as many as 230 million children are at the risk of clinical or subclinical VAD, which can largely be prevented. VAD makes children vulnerable to infections and worsens the course of many infections. VAD is also the single most important cause of blindness among children in developing countries; about 0.5 million per year. β-carotene, which naturally occurs as coloured pigment in plants, is a dietary precursor of vitamin A. VAD-associated risks can be reduced to a greater extent by regular intake of β-carotene-rich food. Besides, some carotenoids have also been found to function as antioxidants that reduce risk of certain cancers and help regulate the immune system. Recent researches, therefore, have been focused to elevate β-carotene content, especially in crop plants. Elucidation of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in plants, identification of enzymes and cloning of genes involved in the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis led to production of transgenic plants with increased carotenoid content. This article briefly reviews the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, cloning of carotenogenic genes and genetic manipulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants, with special emphasis on β-carotene.
Impact of changes in river fluxes of silica on the global marine silicon cycle: a model comparison

Abstract. The availability of dissolved silica (Si) in the ocean provides a major control on the growth of siliceous phytoplankton. Diatoms in particular account for a large proportion of oceanic primary production. The original source of the silica is rock weathering, followed by transport of dissolved and biogenic silica to the coastal zone. This model study aims at assessing the sensitivity of the global marine silicon cycle to variations in the river input of silica on timescales ranging from several centuries to millennia. We compare the performance of a box model for the marine silicon cycle to that of a global biogeochemical ocean general circulation model (HAMOCC2 and 5). Results indicate that the average global ocean response to changes in river input of silica is comparable in the models on time scales up to 150 kyrs. While the trends in export production and opal burial are the same, the box model shows a delayed response to the imposed perturbations compared to the general circulation model. Results of both models confirm the important role of the continental margins as a sink for silica at the global scale. Our work also demonstrates that the effects of changes in riverine dissolved silica on ocean biogeochemistry depend on the availability of the other nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and iron. The model results suggest that the effects of reduced silica inputs due to river damming are particularly pronounced in the Gulf of Bengal, Gulf of Mexico and the Amazon plume where they negatively affect opal production. While general circulation models are indispensable when assessing the spatial variation in opal export production and biogenic Si burial in the ocean, this study demonstrates that box models provide a good alternative when studying the average global ocean response to perturbations of the oceanic silica cycle (especially on longer time scales).
News Sharing in Social Media: A Review of Current Research on News Sharing Users, Content, and Networks

This article provides a review of scientific, peer-reviewed articles that examine the relationship between news sharing and social media in the period from 2004 to 2014. A total of 461 articles were obtained following a literature search in two databases (Communication & Mass Media Complete [CMMC] and ACM), out of which 109 were deemed relevant based on the study’s inclusion criteria. In order to identify general tendencies and to uncover nuanced findings, news sharing research was analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Three central areas of research—news sharing users, content, and networks—were identified and systematically reviewed. In the central concluding section, the results of the review are used to provide a critical diagnosis of current research and suggestions on how to move forward in news sharing research.
Pauli spin blockade in the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling

We study electron transport in a double quantum dot in the Pauli spin blockade regime in the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling. The effect of spin-orbit coupling is incorporated into a modified interdot tunnel coupling. We elucidate the role of the external magnetic field, the nuclear fields in the dots, and the spin relaxation. We find qualitative agreement with experimental observations, and we propose a way to extend the range of magnetic fields in which blockade can be observed.
New Findings for Face Processing Deficits in the Mental Disorder of Schizophrenia

Human faces may be one of the most familiar visual stimuli, and the most important stimulus for human social life. The highly evolved human ability to recognize faces represents an important component of species social communication, naturally selected to solve adaptive problems critical for survival, such as distinguishing friend from foe, familiar from unfamiliar, related from unrelated. Moreover, face recognition represents an evolutionarily significant element of nonverbal decoding that may be viewed as a neuropsychological building block for sociality that is a core ingredient of extraversion. Indeed, a critical component of the kind of effective nonverbal decoding seen in extraverts may presuppose a capacity to extract social and affective cues from faces. Face recognition may be qualitatively different from other memory recognition systems in terms of the underlying neurobiological structure and developmental trajectory. It has been suggested that a special brain processing network, present early in development, underlies face perception. For example, two-month-old infants recognize their mothers' faces among others (Morton & Johnson, 1991), showing that infants have the perceptual skill of eye gaze from birth (Farroni et al., 2002). These studies suggest that face recognition is formed in the first few months of life. Face recognition includes many processes (perception of the face configuration, retention, memorization, and verification of face images). There has been uniform agreement that the facial recognition processes involves multiple brain areas. In the last several decades, methods of cognitive neuroscience have been applied fruitfully to the study the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia; however, the studies of the processes for facial recognition and recognition of facial expressions have received less attention. Recently, application of neuroscience techniques, including electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the study of face recognition has produced a new field of neuroscience. Therefore, abnormalities in the face recognition processes associated with psychiatric diseases have been revealed using these techniques. This chapter first presents an overview of the recent findings from studies on the neuronal mechanisms of face recognition, based on the current theoretical models. Second, the findings on abnormalities of facial recognition in patients with schizophrenia will be reviewed.
Observing the continental-scale carbon balance: assessment of sampling complementarity and redundancy in a terrestrial assimilation system by means of quantitative network design

This paper investigates the relationship between the heterogeneity of the terrestrial carbon cycle and the op- timal design of observing networks to constrain it. We com- bine the methods of quantitative network design and carbon- cycle data assimilation to a hierarchy of increasingly hetero- geneous descriptions of the European terrestrial biosphere as indicated by increasing diversity of plant functional types. We employ three types of observations, flask measurements of CO2 concentrations, continuous measurements of CO2 and pointwise measurements of CO2 flux. We show that flux measurements are extremely efficient for relatively homoge- neous situations but not robust against increasing or unknown complexity. Here a hybrid approach is necessary, and we rec- ommend its use in the development of integrated carbon ob- serving systems.
First-order reconstructions of a Late Ordovician Saharan ice sheet

Synthesis of outcrop and subsurface sedimentological and geomorphological datasets across North Africa allows a tentative palaeo-glaciological model of the flow dynamics and recessional character of a 440 Ma old (Hirnantian) ice sheet to be proposed. A system of eight cross-shelf trough depocentres is identified from the Late Ordovician of the Sahara region. These are interpreted to have been carved and occupied by ice streams, providing evidence for widespread heterogeneous flow within the ice sheet. During retreat, two key geological features were produced: (1) laterally extensive, sinuous to linear piles of sediment dumped parallel to the ice margin; (2) large meltwater channels (tunnel valleys) cut near the grounding line.
Creativity and Academic Motivation Variables as Predictors of Achievement in a Two-Year College for Educationally Marginal Students.

This study was designed to test the validity of using creativity and academic motivation variables, in addition to the traditional variables of scholastic aptitude and high school GPA, as predictors of college GPA. The sample consisted of the 1973-74 freshman class at the College of Basic Studies (CBS) at Boston University; CBS is a tuo -year college designed for educationally marginal students. The predictor variables included: (1) personality measures from the Test of Effective Academic Motivation (TEAM); (2) overall measures of fluency, flexibility, and originality from selected items of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking; (3) verbal and numerical SAT scores; (4) high school GPA; and (5) sex. The criterion variable was overall freshman GPA based on five CBS "core" courses. The TEAM test was administered to all freshman students upon college entrance. The Torrance Tests were given to all freshman students who were present at a required psychology lecture class during the first part of the fall semester; 54 percent of the freshman class was present. Results confirmed that SAT and GPA factors were strong and stable predictors of freshman GPA while Creativity was a stable, but very weak, third predictor. TEAM factors were poor and unstable predictors. (Author/DC) US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH EDUCATION I WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF E OUT Al 10N , 4), Vt h 9, ,ED wEf ME n%Jk N N,. S' I PN S'A`ED NE rs.1 NA' Al. N` ED_ f. " % . 'N r r CREATIVITY AND ACADEMIC MOTIVATION VARIABLES AS PRELICTORS OF ACHIEVEMENT CD IN A TWO-YEAR COLLEGE FOR EDUCATIONALLY MARGINAL STUDENTS 1
Delay-Dependent Control for Time-Delayed T-S Fuzzy Systems Using Descriptor Representation

This paper presents a design method of delay-dependent control for T-S fuzzy sys- tems with time delays. Based on parallel distributed compensation (PDC) and a descriptor model transformation of the system, a delay-dependent control is utilized. An appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is chosen for delay-dependent stability analysis. A sufficient condition for delay-dependent control is represented in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs).
Global poultry production: current state and future outlook and challenges

This paper presents the current situation of the global poultry sector and future trends, and discusses the challenges the sector is facing, with particular emphasis on four areas: food security, social challenges (poverty alleviation and equity), health (animal and human) and environment (natural resources and climate change). Poultry makes a substantial contribution to food security and nutrition, providing energy, protein, and essential micro-nutrients to humans, with short production cycles and the ability to convert a wide range of agri-food by-products and wastes into meat and eggs edible by humans. Poultry is the fastest growing agricultural sub-sector, especially in developing countries. The global poultry sector is expected to continue to grow as demand for meat and eggs is driven by growing populations, rising incomes and urbanisation. In this context, the sector is facing unprecedented challenges. Particularly for small holders and the poor, both in rural and urban areas, poultry is a major asset and key to poverty alleviation, providing income and market participation. Birds can be sold in times of crisis and act as household insurance. But the growing market is essentially benefiting large scale operations and access to market is critical for small holders. However, poultry represent a threat to human health, especially as a vector of infectious diseases and because of its role in antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, poultry has a significant impact on the environment and is a large consumer of natural resources. While the sector is usually seen as efficient in converting natural resources into edible products, it uses large amounts of land, water and nutrients for the production of feed materials and contributes to climate change, mainly through feed production, and air and water pollution.
DOES SIZE MATTER, OR IS BIGGER BETTER? The Use of Head Circumference in Preadoption Medical Evaluations and Its Predictive Value for Cognitive Outcome in Institutionalized Children

Introduction Reviewing referral documents to assess the well-being of a child is a challenging task for every health-care provider. While ultimate decision-making power resides with the family, frequently the information we provide determines whether a child is accepted or rejected. I view this as a grave and often a burdensome responsibility, primarily because there is so little objective data on which to base my opinion.
Scorpion maintenance in captivity for venom extraction in Costa Rica

Approximately 2 000 scorpion species can be found around the world; although few species are considered "harmful" to human beings, a high number of scorpionism cases are reported all over the world. The elaboration of anti-scorpion sera requires the establishment of an animal collection maintained in captivity for venom extraction purposes. The Clodomiro Picado Institute (ICP, for its acronym in Spanish), poses a vast tra- jectory in manufacturing snakebite antivenoms, and starts a scorpion collection in 2005 for this purpose. In total, 2 043 scorpions were classified in 11 species and collected during a seven-year period using a black-light flash- light and an intensive seeking methodology. The scorpions were collected from several localities of the Pacific and the Caribbean versants of Costa Rica. The venom extraction was performed by applying electrostimulation; the collected venom was characterized by total protein content in addition to median lethal doses. Centruroides bicolor showed higher amounts of venom yield, total protein content and more lethal dose, all of which were cor- related with its body mass. The techniques used to keep scorpions in captivity allowed the animals to live several years. Longevity analysis showed significant differences among scorpion genera (H= 353.80; df= 3; P < 0.0001); moreover, the genus Didymocentrus lived longer with an average of 4.46 years. One key factor of its longevity was that it did not go through venom extraction processes. Additionally, a high survival rate of Tityus pachyurus born in captivity, compared to other species within the same genus, was observed (H= 94.32; df= 3; P < 0.0001). This characteristic should be taken into consideration, when programs of reproduction in captivity are designed. In conclusion, the maintenance of a scorpion collection was efficient for venom extraction purposes and a longer life expectancy of the animals. Moreover, there is a scarcity on publications regarding scorpion maintenance in captivity for venom extraction purposes; therefore, a deeper research in aspects such as reproduction, death causes and feeding behaviors is required. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (3): 1019-1027. Epub 2016 September 01.