Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of putative neuroblasts at the base of adult neurogenesis in the olfactory midbrain of the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus

Continuous neurogenesis persists during adulthood in the olfactory midbrain of decapod crustaceans, including spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus. This encompasses generation of projection and local interneurons, whose somata are in the lateral soma cluster (LC) and medial soma cluster (MC), respectively. Both neuronal types originate from immediate precursors labeled by a single injection of BrdU and located in a small proliferation zone within each cluster. The aim of this study was to identify neuroblasts as a source of the dividing cells by multiple injections of BrdU over 2 days. All animals receiving multiple injections had one or a few ‘extra’ BrdU‐positive nuclei near the proliferation zones, and these nuclei were significantly larger than nuclei of neurons or BrdU‐positive cells in the proliferation zones. Since the defining morphological feature of neuroblasts in preadult neurogenesis in arthropods is being larger than their progeny, these large extra BrdU‐positive nuclei represent “putative adult neuroblasts. ” Multiple BrdU‐injections revealed a clump of small cells enclosing the putative adult neuroblasts in LC and MC, and these cells shared morphological characteristics with newly identified putative glial cells in the soma clusters and perivascular cells in the walls of arterioles. These results on P. argus suggest that adult neurogenesis is based on one adult neuroblast per soma cluster, adult neurogenesis appears to be a continuation of embryonic and larval neurogenesis, and the newly identified clumps of cells surrounding the putative adult neuroblasts might provide them with specific microenvironments necessary for their unusual lifelong proliferative and self‐renewal capacity. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:64–84, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secukinumab for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Secukinumab (Cosentyx) is an interleukin-17A (IL-17A) inhibitor administered subcutaneously. Through 2016, it had received approval in a number of countries, including the USA, Japan and in the EU for the treatment of plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Areas covered: This review addresses the mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of secukinumab observed in clinical studies of patients with PsA. Data from recent studies of secukinumab in psoriasis, PsA and AS are included. Expert commentary: Secukinumab appears to be effective in improving various aspects of PsA, including improvements in psoriatic skin, enthesitis and dactylitis, as well as inhibition of the radiographic progression of peripheral arthritis. Secukinumab was in general well tolerated; the most common adverse events were nasopharyngitis, headache, and upper respiratory tract infection.
Pay-off to Participation in Global Value Chains: How Much are New EU Member States Lagging behind the Rest of EU Countries in Terms of Domestic Value Added in Exports?

The phenomenon of global value chains highlighted the issue of domestic value-added in exports (DVA) and led to the development of alternative trade measures in value-added terms. These, inter alia, enabled an estimation that shows that New EU countries from Central and Eastern Europe (NMS-10) experience an approximately 5 percentage points lower DVA share as compared to old EU countries (EU-15). The lag is on average the highest in knowledge-intensive manufacturing sectors (8 percentage points) and the lowest in knowledge-intensive services (0.3 percentage points). However, this paper follows the assumption that NMS-10 have acquired new knowledge by participating in Global Value Chains (GVCs), and thus gradually started increasing their DVA. Based on the empirical application of the EU trade data, I found that convergence in terms of DVA in exports can be observed in manufacturing, and especially in the services sectors. Additionally, I find that for NMS-10 countries negative relationship between participation in GVCs and DVA in exports is slightly decreasing over time in both sectors.
Estimating intertemporal substitution in Japan

In this study, the intertemporal elastisity of substitution (IES) by consumers in Japan is estimated using the two-step estimating method used by Ogaki and Reinhart (Journal of Political Economy, 106, pp. 1079–98, 1998). This method is estimating the IES in consideration of intratemporal substitution between durables and nondurables. Consequently, the acquired estimated values are larger than the US values used by Ogaki and Reinhart.
Effects of fatty acid regulation on visfatin gene expression in adipocytes.

BACKGROUND The levels of long-term elevated serum or intracellular free fatty acid (FFA) induce insulin resistance associated with central obesity. The insulin-mimetic protein visfatin is preferentially produced by visceral adipose tissues and has been implicated in obesity and insulin resistance. To identify that FFA is capable of inducing insulin resistance and to clarify the role of FFA on visfatin, we examined the effect of monounsaturated FFA oleate (C18:1) and saturated FFA palmitate (C16:0) on glucose transport and visfatin gene expression in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes or preadipocytes. METHODS FFA-free DMEM/F12, 0.125 mmol/L, 0.5 mmol/l and 1.0 mmol/L oleate or palmitate was added to cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes or preadipocytes and incubated overnight. Glucose transport was assessed as (3)H-2-deoxy-glucose uptake. Total RNA was extracted and subjected to RT-PCR for the measurement of visfatin mRNA levels. Statistical comparisons between control group and other groups were performed with the two-tailed paired t test, and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean values among the groups. RESULTS Insulin increased specific membrane glucose transport in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Upregulation was evident from 15 minutes to 1 hour exposure to insulin. However, after 6-hour exposure to insulin, there was a downregulation in the response to insulin. Dose response studies demonstrated that 2-deoxy glucose transport was increased by 336% at 50 nmol/L insulin (P < 0.01), and reached a maximal effect at 100 nmol/L insulin (P < 0.01). Oleate and palmitate treatment did not influence basal glucose transport (without insulin stimulation), whereas insulin-stimulated glucose transport was inhibited after overnight oleate and palmitate treatment in preadipocytes and adipocytes. In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, insulin resistance could be achieved at 0.125 mmol/L oleate or palmitate (P < 0.05, respectively), and the inhibition was dose dependent. In adipocytes, the inhibition was noted at 0.5 mmol/L oleate or 1.0 mmol/L palmitate. Visfatin mRNA expression increased during differentiation more than 1.5-fold. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) did not influence visfatin mRNA expression compared with the control group. Dose-response studies demonstrated that addition of 0.125 mmol/L oleate and palmitate to 3T3-L1 adipocytes decreased visfatin mRNA expression significantly (78%, 77%, respectively, relative to untreated control, P < 0.05), and further to 65% (relative to untreated control, P < 0.05) and 55% (relative to untreated control, P < 0.01) at 1.0 mmol/L FFA. Furthermore, the suppression on preadipocytes was similar to that of adipocytes, which reached a maximal reduction of 44% (oleate, P < 0.05) and 47% (palmitate, P < 0.05) at 1.0 mmol/L FFA. CONCLUSIONS Oleic acid and palmitic acid may induce insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and preadipocytes. Downregulation of visfatin mRNA may contribute to impair insulin sensitivity caused by oleate and palmitate.
A field study of user versus provider perceptions of management accounting system services

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate user versus provider perceptions of management accounting system (MAS) services using the DeLone and McLean information system success model and the theoretical lens of social perception theory. Design/methodology/approach - Quantitative survey data were collected and analyzed using ordinal regression. Qualitative interview data concerning user-provider perceptions of MAS service information quality, importance, use, and satisfaction were utilized to corroborate and explain the data analysis. Findings - The results suggest that there are significant perceptual differences about MAS service quality by users versus providers. For this organization, the paper identifies what these differences are, why they exist, and how organizations may identify and narrow identified gaps. Research limitations/implications - The paper is based on a case study that may not be generalizable to broader populations. It uses a cross-sectional, correlational, self-report survey, therefore is unable to make causal or directional inferences. Future research should assess MAS services in different organizations, industries, and cultures. Practical implications - The paper is among the first to provide quantitative and qualitative evidence of perceived differences in accounting service quality, approaches to uncovering sources of differences, and steps that organizations may take to improve service quality. Originality/value - This paper is the first to apply the DeLone and McLean information system success model in the context of MAS service quality. The paper examines perceptions of MAS providers and users to evaluate services and investigates perceptual differences across functions and at different organizational levels.
Ernst Engel's Law of Expenditures for Food

Erroneous statements of the law, 78. — The correct version, 79. — The validity of the law: theoretical considerations, 86; the conclusions to be drawn from the facts, 87. — Reasons for these results, 95. — Implications of the study, 100. — Conclusion, 101.
Keynes' Wage–Price Dynamics

The paper presents a simple loglinear macroeconomic model designed to discuss the essentials of Keynes' dynamic analysis in the General Theory and in the Treatise on Money. The model has a conventional static Aggregate Demand - Aggregate Supply block plus a three‐dimensional dynamic system involving the money wage and the expected level and rate of change of the output price. It illustrates Keynes' ideas, in particular on the nature of unemployment and on the stabilizing nature of money (as opposed to real) wage stickiness. It also allows to reconcile with empirical observations Keynes' (false) conjecture on the negative correlation of money and real wages.
Do entreaties reduce the WTA–WTP disparity when valuing public goods?

In this work we investigate the effects of entreaties to reduce the disparity between willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (WTA) estimates in the valuation of a public program. We find that entreaties are very effective on reducing the hypothetical bias inherent to the WTA estimates, as well as the gap between both WTP and WTA welfare estimates. The success of such entreaties warrants future research in this area.
The Effect of Risk Factor Disclosures on the Pricing of Credit Default Swaps

This study examines whether and how the SEC’s mandate of risk factor disclosures (RFDs) affects the pricing of credit default swaps (CDS). We predict and find that CDS spreads decrease after RFDs are made available in corporate filings. These results suggest that RFDs improve transparency of firms’ financial reporting and reduce information risk premium contained in CDS spreads. Additional analyses suggest that RFDs are especially useful in helping investors evaluate the underlying risks and future prospects of firms with greater information uncertainty and higher likelihood of default. Consistent with the Duffie and Lando’s (2001) model, we also document that the slope and concavity of the CDS spread-maturity relation become steeper after firms are mandated to provide RFDs. Overall, our findings suggest that the SEC’s mandate for a “risk factor” section in periodic reports enhances the content of corporate filings and facilitates investors in debt instruments evaluating credit quality of SEC registrants.
Food insecurity prevalence among college students at the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa

Abstract Objectives To assess the prevalence and identify possible predictors of food insecurity among college students at the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa. Design Cross-sectional survey, including the US Department of Agriculture’s Household Food Security Survey Module, demographic and spending variables. Setting University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai’i (USA). Subjects Four hundred and forty-one non-freshmen students from thirty-one randomly selected classes. Results Twenty-one per cent of students surveyed were food-insecure, while 24 % were at risk of food insecurity. Students at higher risk of food insecurity included those who reported living on campus and those living off-campus with room mates. Those identifying themselves as Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, Filipinos and mixed were also at increased risk of food insecurity. Conclusions Food insecurity is a significant problem among college students at the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa. Food availability and accessibility should be increased for these students through the establishment of on-campus food banks and student gardens. Future studies should assess the prevalence of food insecurity in other college campuses nationwide.
Poverty Begins at Home? Questioning some (mis)conceptions about children, poverty and privation in female-headed households

Grounded in a popular stereotype that female-headed households are the â€˜poorest of the poorâ€™, it is often assumed that women and children suffer greater poverty than in households which conform with a more common (and idealised) male-headed arrangement. In addition, a conjectured â€˜intergenerational transmission of disadvantageâ€™ in female-headed households is imagined not only to compromise the material well-being of children, but to compound other privations â€“ emotional, psychological, social and otherwise. Beyond affecting young people in the short-term, these are also deemed to sow the seeds of future hardship. However, a mounting body of evidence suggests that household headship is not necessarily a good predictor of the start that children have in life, nor of their trajectories into adolescence and adulthood. On the basis of such evidence, the present paper seeks to interrogate -- and challenge -- some (mis)conceptions about female household headship and poverty among children. Background Paper for UNICEF's State of the World's Children 2007]
CT diagnosis of mesenteric adenitis.

PURPOSE To quantify how frequently mesenteric adenitis clinically mimics appendicitis and to determine its appearance at computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS The medical records of 651 consecutive patients with an admission diagnosis of appendicitis were reviewed to determine how often mesenteric adenitis was the discharge diagnosis. The CT scans of a separate group of 18 patients with a discharge diagnosis of mesenteric adenitis were reviewed. These patients were part of a group of 100 consecutive patients prospectively evaluated with CT of the appendix for clinically suspected appendicitis. RESULTS Fifty of 651 patients (7.7%) with an admission diagnosis of appendicitis had a discharge diagnosis of mesenteric adenitis. Mesenteric adenitis constituted 50 of the 252 (19.8%) discharge diagnoses other than appendicitis. All 18 CT scans of mesenteric adenitis showed three or more nodes that measured at least 5 mm in shortest axis clustered in the right lower quadrant, with a normal appendix identified. Eight patients had associated ileal or ileocecal wall thickening. CONCLUSION Mesenteric adenitis is an important clinical mimic of appendicitis. It appears at CT as clustered, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes with a normal appendix, and there may be associated ileitis or ileocolitis noted.
Falling over a glass cliff: A study of the recruitment of women to leadership roles in troubled enterprises

Are women breaking through the glass ceiling only to arrive at a glass cliff—that is, being preferentially appointed to leadership roles where the chances of failure are higher? This study investigates the concept of the glass cliff, both by seeking evidence for its existence and by examining its implications. Focusing specifically on the impact of the recruiter's gender, the researchers asked professionals from a range of backgrounds to evaluate candidates for a post in a hypothetical company that was portrayed either as a success or as in decline. Taken as a whole, the results support the existence of a glass cliff. When the results from male and female recruiters were analyzed separately, a different picture emerged, however. Male recruiters showed no gender preference in the failing company context but favored the male candidate for the low-risk position. In contrast, female recruiters consistently favored a female candidate, with this preference being more marked for a high-risk role. The study concluded by looking into the possible motivations for these biases and examining their implications in informing recruitment and career decisions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Depression underdiagnosis and the effects on quality of life in outpatients with HIV at a Nigerian university teaching hospital

The study aimed to determine the frequency of depressive disorder in a sample of patients with HIV and its level of underdiagnosis by attending physicians. The study also explored the effect of depressive disorder on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with HIV. A sociodemographic questionnaire was administered to patients with HIV attending a medical out-patient clinic at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, central northern Nigeria. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to screen for depressive symptoms, and the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) was used to confirm the diagnosis of depressive disorder. The patients’ medical records were screened for documentation of depressive symptoms or previous treatment with antidepressants by an attending physician. The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment short version (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to measure six domains of QOL. A total of 310 patients with HIV participated in the study; of these, 14.2% (n = 44) met the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorder, according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10). All of these cases of depressive disorder had not been previously recognised by any attending physician. Of the 310 participants, 58 (18.7%) had a ‘poor’ score and 252 (81.3%) had an ‘average or above’ score for overall QOL. Of the 44 with depressive disorder, 28 (63.6%) were among those with a poor score for overall QOL. A fairly similar pattern was observed for all the other domains, with patients with depressive disorder accounting for greater proportions of the participants with poor domain scores. Thus, the authors found that depression is common but seldom clinically recognised in people with HIV, and that it is associated with a reduction in quality of life. Identifying and treating depression in patients with HIV will improve functioning and general wellbeing.
What does the Chinese market need? An empirical study of the determinants of Chinese imports, 1996–2008

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the determinants of import demand in China through a multilevel approach. Using disaggregated data over 1996–2008 and a dynamic panel model, we find that the Chinese import market is predominantly characterized by quality competition. However, the nature of the competition varies across different industries. In line with theory, quality plays an important role in industries that are characterized by the potential for quality improvement and product differentiation, whereas price is key in industries in which quality and product differences are rather small. Moreover, private consumption expenditure is more influential than other categories of expenditures. Additionally, variables that can influence the relative price of import products, such as the exchange rate, tariffs and the domestic price index, also have an impact on import demand.
Treatment patterns and healthcare costs among newly-diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving dasatinib or nilotinib as first-line therapy in the United States

Abstract Objective: To compare treatment patterns and economic outcomes of dasatinib and nilotinib as 1st-line therapies for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Methods: Adult CML patients initiated on first-line dasatinib or nilotinib in 2010–2014 were identified from two large US administrative claims databases. Treatment patterns, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) adherence and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs were measured from the 1st-line TKI initiation (index date) to the end of follow-up. Results: A total of 604 and 418 patients were included in the dasatinib and nilotinib cohorts (mean ages = 50.9 and 52.5 years, 46.4% and 45.7% female), respectively. Among the dasatinib patients, 91% started with 100 mg/day, 3% with <100 mg/day, and 6% with >100 mg/day. Among the nilotinib patients, 76% started with 600 mg/day, 16% with >600 mg/day, and 8% <600 mg/day. The dasatinib cohort had a higher hazard of dose decrease (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.66; p = .002) and of switching to another TKI (HR =1.62; p = .019) compared to the nilotinib cohort. The hazard of dose increase (HR =0.76; p = .423) and treatment discontinuation (HR =1.10; p = .372) were not significantly different between cohorts. There was also no significant difference in TKI adherence levels (mean proportion of days covered [PDC] difference over first 6 months = −0.0003, p = .981; mean PDC difference over first 12 months = −0.0022, p = .880) and HRU (inpatient day incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.03, p = .930; emergency room IRR =1.26, p = .197; and days with outpatient services IRR = 1.01, p = .842). The dasatinib cohort incurred higher healthcare costs by $749 per patient per month (p = .044) compared to the nilotinib cohort. Limitation: Information on CML phase and Sokal score was not available. Conclusions: Dasatinib was associated with an increased hazard of dose decrease and switching to another TKI and higher healthcare costs, vs nilotinib.
Religious Attendance and Continuity of Care

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between religious attendance and continuity of care. Methods: We investigated this relationship in a large national database—the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III—which contains information on religious attendance, continuity of care, and potential confounders that might mediate the relationship such as health status and socioeconomic status. Results: A total of 18,162 participants 17 years of age or older were included in the analysis. People who attended religious services were more likely to have continuity with a provider than people who did not attend such services (65% vs. 35%, p < .001). This association persisted after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and health status variables using regression analysis. Conclusion: This study documents a significant association between attendance at religious services and continuity with a usual provider. Continuity with a regular medical provider may influence the association of religious attendance and health outcomes.
Current investor expectations and better betas

-I¶ F ecent debate on the ability of beta to capl2 e ? R 5 ture the riskiness of an asset has evolved in two different directions: 1) the validity of beta in relation to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), and 2) the use of beta as a means of foretasting asset returns. The former is a fundamental theoretical issue that we leave for others to deliberate [15]. The latter, however, is an applied problem faced by practitioners who ask: Can investors use beta to estimate future security and portfolio returns?