Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reelection and Renegotiation: International Agreements in the Shadow of the Polls

We study dynamic international agreements when one of the negotiating parties faces a threat of electoral replacement during negotiations, when agreements made before the election are the starting point for any subsequent renegotiation, and when governments cannot commit to future negotiation strategies. Conflicts of interest between governments may be softened or intensified by the governments’ conflicts of interest with voters. We characterize when the threat of electoral turnover strengthens the prospect for successful negotiations, when it may cause negotiations to fail, and how it affects the division of the surplus from cooperation. We also show how changes in domestic politics—including uncertainty about the preferences of domestic political parties—affect a domestic government’s ability to extract greater concessions in negotiations.
“iRobiQ”: the influence of bidirectional interaction on kindergarteners’ reading motivation, literacy, and behavior

This study focused on an intelligent robot which was viewed as a language teaching/learning tool to improve children’s reading ability, reading interest, and learning behavior. The iRobiQ, with its multimedia contents, was employed to encourage children to read, speak, and answer questions. Fifty-seven pre-kindergarteners participated in this study, and they were divided into an experimental group (30 children using iRobiQ) and a control group (27 children using a tablet-PC). After 2 months of experiments, the reading ability of the experimental group was better than that of the control group. It was found that using iRobiQ as a learning tool had many advantages, for example, the enhancement of learners’ reading literacy, in comparison with the use of tablet-PC. In this study, there were three interesting findings: (1) iRobiQ is a more effective learning companion as compared to tablet-PC; (2) iRobiQ is a bidirectional interactive toy; and (3) iRobiQ can foster and promote the peer collaboration and competition because it has intriguing characteristics, particularly its communicative and interactive functions. The bidirectional interactive robots allow pre-kindergarten teachers to create more active and interactive learning environment for children and provide the children with more various learning contents.
Heavy use of dental services among Finnish children and adolescents.

AIM Our aim was to identify the heavy use of dental services among children and adolescents in the Public Dental Service (PDS) of one of the biggest cities in Finland, and compare oral health and treatments provided for heavy and low users. METHODS All patients under 18 years of age having had 6 or more dental visits (n. 2,285) in 2004 and a comparison group of those having had 3 or fewer visits (n. 27,957) were selected from the patient register of the PDS of the city of Espoo. A sample of 245 patients was randomly selected from each group and information on age, sex, dental status, number and types of visits and treatments provided was collected from their treatment records. RESULTS Seven percent of the children and adolescents who had visited the PDS in 2004 were heavy users according to the definition used. Their visits accounted for 26.3% of all dental visits of children and adolescents. The heavy users were classified as basic care heavy users and orthodontic heavy users. The mean treatment time for the basic care heavy users was 3 hours and 50 minutes, and for orthodontic heavy users 3 hours and 23 minutes; it was 40 minutes for the low users. Heavy users were on average 1.8 years older than low users. The basic care heavy users had more treated and untreated caries (mean DMFT/dmft = 4.0 and D/d = 2.4) than the low users (DMFT/dmft = 0.95 and D/d = 0.4). Of the low users, 43.6% had a healthy periodontium (CPI = 0) compared with 27.4% of the basic care heavy users and with 30.8% of the orthodontic heavy users. The most frequently provided treatments for heavy users were orthodontic care and fillings by dentists and for low users preventive measures and examinations. Most of the heavy users (66.4%) received less complicated orthodontic treatment given by a dentist compared with only 7.9% of the low users. Despite the low users' significantly better oral status compared with basic care heavy users there were only minor differences in the type of preventive measures provided for the two groups. The orthodontic heavy users received fewer preventive measures than low users. CONCLUSION Our study revealed two main reasons for heavy use of dental services: high numbers of orthodontic treatments provided by dentists and high numbers of decayed teeth in a small number of children. To increase productivity, orthodontic care should be provided more efficiently and preventive care needs to be targeted more carefully.
Plasma lipid risk factors in oophorectomized women

Premenopausal women suffer less from coronary heart disease (CHD) than do men (WHO 1982) and it has been suggested that this sex difference is due to the protective effect of oestrogen. We have investigated the changes in plasma lipid risk factors for CHD associated with bilateral oophorectomy in premenopausal women
Fine structural comparison of the antennal nerve in the homeotic mutant Antennapedia with the wild‐type antennal and second leg nerves of Drosophila melanogaster

In D. melanogaster the cross‐sectioned nerve of the leg‐like antenna in the homeotic mutant Antennapedia was ultrastructurally compared with the nerves of the morphologically related second leg and the wild‐type antenna. The nerves of the normal antenna and the second leg differ from one another in both the numbers and arrangement of axons. According to these criteria the nerve of the homeotic appendage was structurally identified as a leg nerve.
Prolonged efficacy of etanercept in refractory enthesitis-related arthritis.

OBJECTIVE For many children enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) causes substantial morbidity, and conventional treatments frequently offer limited efficacy. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been found to play a central role in the spondyloarthritides. We investigated the longterm efficacy of the TNF fusion protein etanercept in the treatment of patients with ERA refractory to disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy. METHODS Eight patients with active, inflammatory ERA were treated in an open-label pilot trial of twice weekly subcutaneous injections (dosing range of 25 to 37.5 mg twice weekly, 0.2-0.8 mg/kg/dose) of etanercept for 2 years. Outcome measures included duration of morning stiffness, active joint count, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Patients were permitted concomitant nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) and DMARD at stable doses. RESULTS Treatment with etanercept resulted in significant improvement in active joint count, hemoglobin, and ESR in all 8 patients within 2 months. Additionally, all patients noted increased mobility and overall well being. Improvement in morning stiffness did not achieve statistical significance. One patient was lost to followup after completing one year of the study. The remaining 7 patients had sustained statistically significant efficacy for active joint count, hemoglobin, and ESR throughout the entire 2-year trial. All patients tolerated etanercept with no side effects. CONCLUSION Despite limited power, these results indicate that etanercept provided a rapid clinical response in our cohort of patients with refractory ERA, who achieved sustained efficacy over a 2-year period.
The authors reply.

e1194 www.ccmjournal. org November 2017 • Volume 45 • Number 11 The authors reply: We would like to thank Longhi et al (1) for their thoughtful comments regarding our article recently published in Critical Care Medicine (2), which demonstrated that early systolic dysfunction is common and reversible following moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We agree with the authors that TBI-induced cardiac dysfunction likely shares a common underlying pathophysiology with cardiac dysfunction after other neurologic injuries (i.e., subarachnoid hemorrhage), namely a massive release of catecholamines. To illustrate this, recent work by our group has demonstrated that patients with TBI-induced cardiac dysfunction have a distinctive early hemodynamic profile that is likely secondary to a maladaptive catecholamine excess state (3). Longhi et al (1) expressed important points regarding the indication for vasopressors in our cohort, the need for more detailed measures of systolic function, and the relationship between cardiac dysfunction and radiographic TBI severity. In our study (2), vasopressor use was mainly driven by systolic blood pressure (SBP) and was initiated when the SBP was less than 90 mm Hg and unresponsive to fluid therapy. We agree with Longhi et al (1) that future studies on TBI-induced cardiac dysfunction must consider a more nuanced evaluation of cardiac dysfunction, including measures that are less dependent on loading conditions. Although fractional shortening and ejection fraction are traditional measures of systolic cardiac performance, recent advances in cardiac imaging using speckle tracking have led to earlier detection of systolic dysfunction in critical illnesses, including sepsis (4) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (5). Speckle tracking is a novel technology that quantifies myocardial strain in the circumferential, radial, and longitudinal planes. Global longitudinal strain is more sensitive than ejection fraction in detecting impaired systolic function (6) and may allow for early detection of subclinical systolic dysfunction following TBI. Last, Dr. Lorini received support for article research from the National Institutes of Health. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.
A Comparison of Different Online Sampling Approaches for Generating National Samples

Online (internet) surveys provide a new and evolving method for measuring public opinion on a local, national, and international level. Compared to traditional survey approaches (e.g., face-to-face, mail, and telephone surveys), online surveys offer the advantages of speed, efficiency, and lower costs in data collection (see Dillman, Smyth, & Christian, 2008). To serve both consumer marketing and academic interests, various commercial venders now provide the technical means to collect online survey data from the general public and specific subgroups. However, an important question about these commercial sources for conducting survey research is the extent to which they provide representative samples of their targeted populations.
Impacts of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles charging on distribution grid and smart charging

Large-scale development of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) will have the most direct impacts on the distribution grid. PHEV charging impacts to the distribution grid are analyzed through a residential feeder of 10kV in a city from aspects such as load profile, power loss, voltage quality, and several penetration level scenarios are discussed. The results indicate that uncontrolled charging will pose great pressure to the grid on high penetration level and reasonable PHEV penetration may be helpful to the grid's economic operation. Smart charging method is explored which can optimize the chargeable power in each period by the short-term load forcast while meeting the charging requirements, and achieve smoother load profile, less power loss and better voltage quality.
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin in acute myeloid leukemia revisited

Introduction: Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is a combination of calicheamicin and a recombinant humanized IgG4 antibody directed against CD33. From 2000 to 2010, it was approved by the FDA for treatment of relapsed, older patients with CD33+ acute myeloid leukemia (AML). After withdrawal from the market, several trials have provided new evidence on the safety and clinical efficacy of GO. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss pharmacological and clinical aspects of GO. GO was found to show benefit in AML patients as adjunct to intensive chemotherapy when it was given in parallel to induction therapy. The benefit was restricted to patients with a favorable- or an intermediate-risk cytogenetic profile. Higher doses of GO above 6 mg/m2 per administration were associated with increased toxicity without survival benefit, whereas repetitive doses of 3 mg/m² resulting in cumulative doses of 9 mg/m2 were well tolerated. Predictive markers for response to GO other than the cytogenetic profile and P-glycoprotein activity are still missing. Expert opinion: GO as adjunct and in parallel to intensive induction chemotherapy does significantly improve survival end points in AML patients with favorable/intermediate-risk cytogenetics. A dose of 3 mg/m² per administration appears safer compared with 6 mg/m² and even 9 mg/m².
A N A NALYSIS OF P ARAMEDIC V ERBAL R EPORTS TO P HYSICIANS IN THE E MERGENCY D EPARTMENT T RAUMA R OOM

Objective. To measure the verbal communication between emergency medical technician-paramedics (EMT-Ps) and physicians in an emergency department trauma room (EDTR) before and after an educational intervention. Methods. Using a before-after design, we audio-recorded paramedic verbal trauma reports in a large EDTR over a 12-week period. Trained research assistants subsequently queried physicians about information from the paramedic report in a separate interview. Physician recall was quantified. Midway through the study, a web-based, educational intervention designed to enhance paramedic communication skills was administered to the three participating emergency medical services (EMS) systems. Physician recall of more severely injured trauma cases (red triage) was compared with their recall of less severely injured cases (yellow triage). Further comparisons were made between pre- and post-intervention physician recalls, and the extent to which physicians recalled three distinct categories of paramedic verbal information was measured. Results. Overall, physicians accurately recalled 36% of the paramedic verbal report. Information from less severe “yellow” trauma reports was recalled more accurately than that from more severe “red” traumas (40% vs. 34% p = 0.02). Pre- and post-intervention recalls were not significantly different (33% vs. 38% p = 0.16). Physicians' recall of information about the crash scene (46%) was significantly greater than their recall of information about the patient's health status (34%) or information about prehospital patient care (30%) (p = 0.0012). Conclusion. Physicians appear to recall paramedic verbal reports about trauma patients poorly. Recall is probably multifactorial and will require further work to design appropriate interventions.
Recovery of Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm-Induced Oculomotor Palsy after Coiling

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recovery of oculomotor (cranial nerve [CN] III) palsy after surgery of posterior communicating artery (PcomA) aneurysms has been well documented, but recovery after coiling is poorly understood. In this study, we report the recovery after coiling of PcomA aneurysm-induced CN III palsy in 21 patients at follow-up of 1 to 7 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 135 patients with a PcomA aneurysm treated with coils between January 1997 and December 2003, there were 21 patients with initial CN III dysfunction who were selected and reevaluated. There were 2 men and 19 women with a mean age of 54.9 years. In 17 patients, CN III palsy was associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Timing of treatment after onset of symptoms was 1 to 3 days in 5 patients, 4 to 14 days in 13, and more than 14 days in 3. Mean size of the aneurysm was 9 mm. Initial CN III palsy was complete in 15 patients and partial in 6. Mean follow-up after coiling was 3.7 years (range, 1–7 years). RESULTS: Of 15 patients with initial complete CN III palsy, recovery was complete in 3 and partial in 10. In 2 patients, complete CN III palsy was unchanged. Of 6 patients with initial partial CN III palsy, recovery was complete in 5 and partial in 1. Initial partial CN III palsy was the only predictor of complete recovery at follow-up. CONCLUSION: PcomA aneurysm-induced CN III palsy improves or cures after coiling in most patients. Complete recovery is more likely with initial partial dysfunction of the nerve.
Exploiting online social gambling for marketing communications

Abstract Internet technology provides a new approach to how gambling is conducted in postmodern times. Drawing on constructivist research and utilising a single case study strategy, this paper examines online social gambling and real money gambling marketing communication practices, as well as offering some insights into the development and implementation of effective marketing communication programmes. In contrast to existing studies, this paper, in part, proposes integrative and higher levels of marketing communication programmes between online social gambling and real money gambling environments. The paper reveals the implicit structure of meanings underlying the link between online social gambling activity and real money gambling practices.
Can a GDP-Liganded G-Protein Be Active?

The replacement of GDP bound to the α-subunit of a G-protein by GTP is generally considered a crucial step in the activation of effectors by a G-protein. New data by Uğur et al. (2005) (p. 720) raise the possibility that for the heterotrimeric G-protein Gs, GDP-liganded Gs is able to activate the effector adenylyl cyclase as potently and effectively as when Gs is in its GTP bound form. We summarize here the evidence that GTP is necessary for effector activation by G-proteins and discuss potential implications and limitations of data to the contrary.
CEO Incentives: Measurement, Determinants, and Impact on Performance

We examine, both theoretically and empirically, the determinants and performance impact of three measures of CEO incentives: pay-performance elasticity (PPE), semi-elasticity (PPSE), and sensitivity (PPS). Larger, more RD shortfalls relative to predicted levels appear particularly detrimental to firm performance, suggesting that the average firm's incentives are at the low end of the optimal range. Overall, the results obtained with the PPE and PPSE measures accord better with economic intuition than those obtained using PPS.
Determinants and consequences of working capital management

II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . III DECLARATION . IV CONTENTS . V LIST OF TABLES . IX LIST OF FIGURES . XI CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Problems and Research Questions . 2 1.3 Summary of Current Literature and Research Opportunities . 5 1.3. 1 The Determinants of WCM . 6 1.3. 2 WCM and Corporate Profitability . 9 1.4 Research Objectives . 15 1.5 Theory Choice and Use in the Thesis . 17 1.5. 1 Pecking Order Theory . 17 1.5. 2 Agency Theory . 18 1.5. 3 Maturity Matching Theory . 19 1.6 Key Findings and Research Contributions . 20 1.6. 1 Chapter 3 . 21 1.6. 2 Chapter 4 . 21 1.6. 3 Chapter 5 . 21 1.7 Thesis Outlines . 22 CHAPTER 2 – OVERVIEW OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 2.1 Definition of WCM . 23 2.1.1 Components of Working Capital . 25 2.1.2 Aggressive versus Conservative WCM Policies . 26
The effectiveness of kefir in acute renal failure due to glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis

Acute renal failure (ARF) is one of the important complications of rhabdomyolysis. Kefir is antioxidant, antineoplastic and it lowers cholesterol levels and protects from infections. We evaluated the efficiency of kefir on rats with renal failure after rhabdomyolysis. Each weight 200-250 grams, 4 groups of Wistar Albino female rats which contain 8 rats per group are used. Biochemical parameters such as renal functional tests, Cystatin C, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidative stress (TOS), laktat dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) are studied. Additionally, renal necrosis degree was evaluated with histopathological analysis. We observed nephropathy and rhabdomyolysis in rhabdomyolysis group and kefir + rhabdomyolysis group. Cystatine C and LDH were significantly higher in rabdomyolisis group (P < 0.01). When all the groups were evaluated, urea (P < 0.01), creatinine (P < 0.01), Cystatine C (P < 0.01), LDH (P < 0.01), TOS (P = 0.02) and CPK (P = 0.03) levels were significantly higher. The histopathological comparison of groups; degree of necrosis is lower in the kefir + rhabdomyolysis group than in the rhabdomyolysis group. But biochemically there were no differences within these two groups. Biochemically and histopathological comparison of groups there were no differences within other twogroups. We showed that kefir has a histopathological preventive attribute on rats with rhabdomyolysis-induced ARF.
Factors affecting mercury release from dental amalgam exposed to carbamide peroxide bleaching agent.

PURPOSE To assess, in vitro, the effects of aging and surface polishing on mercury release from dental amalgams exposed to 10% carbamide peroxide at two pH levels. METHODS Samples of fresh and aged amalgam, polished and unpolished, were treated with 10% carbamide peroxide at pH 4.5 and at pH 6.5 for periods of 1, 4, 7, 10 and 13 days. At each time period, mercury concentrations in solution were measured using a cold-vapor atomic absorption mercury analyzer system and compared to control samples treated with phosphate buffer. RESULTS Amalgam samples exposed to 10% carbamide peroxide released significantly more mercury in solution than samples exposed to phosphate buffer controls. Mercury release was time-dependent and significantly higher in aged amalgam than in fresh amalgam (P < 0.001). Mercury release was also pH-dependent and higher in unpolished amalgam.
Exploring smokers' opposition to proposed tobacco control strategies

Background Tobacco control (TC) advocates are searching for new TC strategies to decrease smoking rates further. Aims The aim of this study is to explore smokers' opposition to 16 TC strategies, including the attitudes in the sample as a whole. The results are discussed in relation to the importance of public versus smoker support, and the need for legitimate TC strategies. Methods An Internet panel with 35,000 registered users was accessed to invite participants to join a survey on attitudes towards TC strategies. In addition, 1253 participants were recruited directly from mobile phone lists. Of the 5543 participants recruited, 5250 adults aged 20 years or older were eligible for analysis. Respondents' attitudes were measured on a five-point Likert scale, and mean values, standard deviations and percentages of those who opposed TC regulations were reported. Results In the total sample, there was some support for regulating smoking in specific outdoors areas. Smokers opposed all of the proposed strategies except banning smoking in cars carrying children, increasing the age limit for purchasing cigarettes and banning smoking at transportation stops. Smokers seemed to accept regulations that protected others from the health risks of smoking, but defended their right to smoke in some specific outdoor areas. Conclusions Smokers opposed most of the proposed TC strategies. Smokers' support may be more important in TC areas that aim to denormalise smoking and where enforcement is more complex.