Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scalariella a new genus of monoraphid diatom (Bacillariophyta) with a bipolar distribution.

The identity of a small-celled diatom Naviculadicta pseudofallacia Witkowski, Metzeltin et Lange-Bertalot, originally described from Bear Island, southernmost island of the Norwegian archipelago Svalbard, is reconsidered. Observations of marine samples from the Kerguelen archipelago (Southern Ocean, Indian Ocean sector) revealed that this species also occurs in the Subantarctic region. The original classification within Naviculadicta was erroneous since this species is a monoraphid taxon and belongs to the Achnanthales. Its morphological features justify creating a new genus Scalariella Riaux-Gobin, which is distinguished from other achnanthoid genera by a peculiar raphe system, the stria structure of the sternum valve (each stria composed of a depressed macroareola), and the presence of a lateral solid area in the raphe valve, splitting each stria into two areolae. Based on light and electron microscopy, N. pseudofallacia is renamed Scalariella pseudofallacia (Witkowski, Metzeltin et Lange-Bertalot) Riaux-Gobin et Witkowski comb. nov. The genus also includes a second and rare species, observed in the Kerguelen material, S. oblongella Riaux-Gobin, Witkowski et Ruppel, which is described and illustrated, but which needs complementary observations. The morphology of Scalariella is compared to that of some genera split from the genus Achnanthes Bory. The biogeography of Scalariella pseudofallacia, a marine taxon probably misidentified in the past due to its small size, is reconsidered with respect to its affinity for subpolar, cold water habitats, in both hemispheres.
The Comparative Effect of Student Team-Achievement Division and Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition on EFL Learners’ Speaking Complexity

The effectiveness of complexity acquisition to enhance intermediate learners’ speaking complexity, is particularly the focus of the present study. The participants of the present study, were 60 female EFL learners, who were selected from a larger population of 90 EFL learners based on their performane on a sample piloted PET test in Zabansara Language Institution. The total of 60 participants were divided into two experimental groups of 30. The experimental group of STAD (Student Team-Achievement Division), and the experimental group of CIRC (Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition), which were both regarded as cooperative methods. The 10-session treatment, included focusing on complexities using STAD cooperative method instruction in one experimental group, and CIRC in the other. A post-test was administered to both groups at the end of the treatment,after applying the mentioned cooperative methods. The statistical analyses were conducted, and the gained results of the study indicated that CIRC had a significant influence on learners’ complexity learning. It concluded the importance of applying appropriate complexities in EFL context to developing speech naturalness.
Exploring galaxy formation models and cosmologies with galaxy clustering

Using N-body simulations and galaxy formation models, we study the galaxy stellar mass correlation and the two-point autocorrelation. The simulations are run with cosmological parameters from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) first-, third-and seven-year results, which mainly differ in the perturbation amplitude of sigma(8). The stellar mass of galaxies is determined using either a semi-analytical galaxy formation model or a simple empirical abundance matching method. Compared to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR7 data at z = 0 and the DEEP2 results at z = 1, we find that the predicted galaxy clusterings from the semi-analytical model are higher than the data at small scales, regardless of the adopted cosmology. Conversely, the abundance matching method predicts good agreement with the data at both z = 0 and z = 1 for high-sigma(8) cosmologies (WMAP1 and WMAP7), but the predictions from a low-sigma(8) cosmology (WMAP3) are significantly lower than the data at z = 0. We find that the excess clustering at small scales in the semi-analytical model mainly arises from satellites in massive haloes, indicating that either the star formation is too efficient in low-mass haloes or tidal stripping is too inefficient at high redshift. Our results show that galaxy clustering is strongly affected by the models for galaxy formation, and thus can be used to constrain the baryonic physics. The weak dependence of galaxy clustering on cosmological parameters makes it difficult to constrain the WMAP1 and WMAP7 cosmologies.
Enhanced ionization of the Martian nightside ionosphere during solar energetic particle events

Electron densities in the Martian nightside ionosphere are more than 90% of time too low to be detected by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding radar sounder on board the Mars Express spacecraft. However, the relative number of ionograms with peak electron density high enough to be detected represents a good statistical proxy of the ionospheric density. We focus on solar energetic particle (SEP) events, and we analyze their effects on ionospheric formation. SEP time intervals were identified in situ using the background counts recorded by the ion sensor of the ASPERA‐3 instrument on board Mars Express. We show that peak electron densities during the SEP events are large enough to be detected in more than 30% of measurements, and, moreover, the reflections of the sounding signal from the ground almost entirely disappear. Nightside electron densities during SEP events are thus substantially increased as compared to normal nightside conditions.
Follow my leader? String quartet synchronization

Timing variations in individual musical performance include both intentional expressive and unintentional error components. Such timing fluctuations contribute to the liveliness of group musical performance but need to be kept under control to create a sense of ensemble. The nature of this control is the focus of this paper. We first report an experiment in which we manipulated visual cues given by violin 1 to the other players in a quartet. We then review a new model of synchronization, and finally we describe a new listening test to determine whether people can distinguish adjustments being used to maintain ensemble synchrony. Such techniques will contribute to understanding of the nature of synchronization in music ensembles.
Growth and meat quality of three free-range chickens and commercial broiler under the same breeding conditions

Commercial breed has taken over the Algerian poultry production market which participated in the weakening of the village poultry farming, highly dominant prior to the 1980s. Fortunately, the dietary preferences of consumers, strongly participated in the preservation of the local animal breed diversity. In this context, the aim of this work was to study the growth performances and meat quality of 3 local chicken phenotypes versus commercial broiler chicken in the same breeding conditions in the region of Chlef in Algeria. A week after hatching, 4 randomly chosen samples of 30 chicks from each phenotype normal plumage free-range chicken (NPFRC), crested free-range chicken (CFRC), feathered tarsus free-range chicken (FTFRC) and commercial broiler chicken (CBC) were reared from the age of 1 st until 8 th week (slaughter age). The three local breed (FTFRC, CFRC and NPFRC) had the comparable body weight, but low (p < 0.05) to those of CBC. In terms of meat quality, the principal components analysis (PCA) and the analysis of variance showed that the free-range chickens were more interesting than the commercial broiler chicken very fat, especially the crested phenotype (CFRC), due to its very high protein 24.6% and very low fat content 1.20%.
The efficacy and safety of a 70% glycolic acid peel with vitamin C for the treatment of acne scars

Acne scarring is a common complication associated with significant psychological distress. Both glycolic acid (GA) and vitamin C are known to improve the appearance of acne scarring. We performed a review of 13 patients treated with three 70% GA peels with vitamin C at four weeks apart. There was a statistically significant` improvement in acne scarring and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation from the baseline. Maximal effects were noted four weeks after the third chemical peel. It has an excellent safety profile with no permanent adverse effects noted. A combination of 70% glycolic acid with vitamin C chemical peel is an efficacious, well-tolerated treatment of acne scarring in Asian skin.
The Winner's Curse and Lottery-Allocated IPOs in China

This is the first study of Rock's (1986) winner's curse hypothesis in which over-subscribed IPOs are allocated by a pure lottery mechanism. It employs a unique dataset of 562 Chinese IPOs 1996-2001 which provides information for the estimation of allocation-weighted returns. The results provide much stronger support than hitherto for the winner's curse hypothesis. Allocations are inversely related to underpricing in line with adverse selection. Weighting by allocation dramatically reduces median abnormal returns more than 200-fold from 116% and uninformed investors earn a median return of just 0.51%. The winner's curse can explain underpricing in our sample of Chinese IPOs.
VALIDATION OF THE POLAR S410 HEART RATE MONITOR FOR ESTIMATING ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN WOMEN by MIA KAY THOMAS

To determine the effect of ambient temperature on the validity of the Polar S410 heart rate (HR) monitor for estimating energy expenditure (EE), EE estimates obtained during cycling at 30%, 60%, and 80% of maximal oxygen uptake (V . O2max) in 25 ̊C, 30 ̊C, and 35 ̊C ambient temperatures, were compared with indirect calorimetry (IC). Three different methods of estimating EE using the monitor were compared: (a) the AHR method used the actual values for HRmax and V . O2max, (b) the PHR method used the HRmax and V . O2max predicted by the “OwnIndex” software, with resting HR measured in the ambient temperature for the test, (c) and the PHRTM method used the HRmax and V . O2max predicted by the “OwnIndex” software, with resting HR measured in thermoneutral (22 ̊C) conditions. The traditional method of using individualized heart rate-V . O2 relationship to estimate EE was also compared to IC and the Polar S410 methods. In the 25 ̊C, 30 ̊C, and 35 ̊C conditions AHR overestimated [means (SD)] EE from IC by 4% (11), 7% (11), and 9% (8); PHR overestimated EE from IC by 17% (21), 18% (22), and 19% (19); PHRTM overestimated EE from IC by 20% (21), 22% (21), and 24% (19); and the HR-V . O2 method underestimated EE from IC by 8% (12), 4% (12), and 1.4% (11). It is concluded that the Polar S410 using the actual values for HRmax and V . O2max programmed into the Polar S410 (AHR), provides estimates of EE for a group of young women that are within 10% of those from IC. These EE estimates are similar in accuracy (i.e. 4%-9% difference) to estimates from the traditional HR-V . O2 relationship (i.e. 8%1.4% difference). Estimates of EE from the Polar S410 based on estimates of V . O2max and HRmax (PHR and PHRTM) are unacceptably high (>10%), with errors ranging from 17%-24% difference in estimates of EE. Ambient temperatures above 25 ̊C slightly increase the error of EE estimates from the Polar S410 due to the dissociation of HR from
Impact of Government Budget Announcement on Stock Market Sector Indices: Evidence from Colombo Stock Exchange

This study attempts to investigate the impact of Sri Lankan government budget announcements on five sector indexes of Colombo Stock Exchange, namely banks, finance & insurance; beverage, food & tobacco; manufacturing; motor; diversified holdings. The Event study methodology was used to analyze sector wise stock price behavior during the sample period of 2002 to 2013. Results revealed that although the overall trend of the average returns of each sector around budget announcements are same the magnitude of the reaction is different from sector to sector. Motor was the mostaffected sector and diversified holdings sector was the least affected.
EXPLODING SATELLITES—THE TIDAL DEBRIS OF THE ULTRA-FAINT DWARF GALAXY HERCULES

The ultra-faint satellite galaxy Hercules has a strongly elongated and irregular morphology with detections of tidal features up to 1.3 deg (3 kpc) from its center. This suggests that Hercules may be dissolving under the Milky Way’s gravitational influence, and hence could be a tidal stream in formation rather than a bound, dark-matter-dominated satellite. Using Bayesian inference in combination with N-body simulations, we show that Hercules has to be on a very eccentric orbit ( ) within the Milky Way in this scenario. On such an orbit, Hercules “explodes” as a consequence of the last tidal shock at pericenter 0.5 Gyr ago. It is currently decelerating toward the apocenter of its orbit with a velocity of V = 157 km s−1—of which 99% is directed radially outwards. Due to differential orbital plane precession caused by the non-spherical nature of the Galactic potential, its debris fans out nearly perpendicular to its orbit. This explains why Hercules has an elongated shape without showing a distance gradient along its main body: it is in fact a stream that is significantly broader than it is long. In other words, it is moving perpendicular to its apparent major axis. In this scenario, there is a spike in the radial velocity profile created by the dominant debris component that formed through the last pericenter passage. This is similar to kinematic substructure that is observed in the real Hercules. Modeling a satellite on such a highly eccentric orbit is strongly dependent on the form of the Galactic potential. We therefore propose that detailed kinematic investigation of Hercules and other exploding satellite candidates can yield strong constraints on the potential of the Milky Way.
DIVERSITY AMONG CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER RESOURCES AND USE IN BREEDING

SUMMARY The first significant breeding to high oil content in sunflowers, which took place in Russia from 1930, concerned open pollinated varieties. These were the basis of modern breeding programmes, which started in 1950-60, mainly in Europe, Canada, the USA and Argentina, but work in that period in countries such as Morocco, Australia and Chile also produced genotypes of direct agronomic interest, or which widened the genetic variability available. Studies of the structure of this variability have become possible following genotyping of large numbers of inbred lines by microsatellites (2 or 3 per linkage group) and the definition of core collections which cover a large part of the diversity in cultivated sunflower. Although some geographic effects on combining ability have been reported, the main groups which appear are characterised by cms maintenance or male fertility restoration. The collections defined should be useful in similar studies for the determination of genome sequences controlling important phenotypic characters, although for characters determined by parts of the genome poorly represented by the markers, enriched or specific collections may be necessary. Such knowledge should help to optimize the use of sunflower genetic resources in breeding
The Competition Between Zn(II) and Iron(II) in Binding E.coli Fur and the effect on structural and conformational changes of Fur upon DNA binding: an MD study

The three dimensional structure of Ferric uptake regulation protein dimer from E. coli, determined by molecular modeling, was docked on a DNA fragment (iron box) and Zn ions were added in two steps. The first step involved the binding of one Zn ion to what is known as the zinc site which consists of the residues Cys 92, Cys 95, Asp 137, Asp141, Arg139, Glu 140, His 145 and His 143 with an average metal-Nitrogen distance of 2.5 Å and metal-oxygen distance of 3.1–3.2 Å. The second Zn ion is bound to the iron activating site formed from the residues Ile 50, His 71, Asn 72, Gly 97, Asp 105 and Ala 109. The binding of the second Zn ion strengthened the binding of the first ion as indicated by the shortening of the zincresidue distances. Fe, when added to the complex consisting of 2Zn/Fur dimer/DNA, replaced the Zn ion in the zinc site and when a second Fe was added, it replaced the second zinc ion in the iron activating site. The binding of both zinc and iron ions induced a similar change in Fur conformations, but shifted residues closer to DNA in a different manner. This is discussed along with a possible role for the Zn ion in the Fur dimer binding of DNA in its repressor activity.
Capture of Ultrafine Particles Using a Film-Type Electret Filter with a Unipolar Charger

ABSTRACTElectret filters have been used widely to collect particles because of their low pressure drop and high collection efficiency due to the electrostatic attraction between the particles and filter. However, the collection efficiency of these filters decreases over time due to charge degradation. Therefore, a unipolar charger using a corona discharge was combined with an electret filter to overcome this decrease. The highest particle collection efficiency for 70 nm, uncharged particles occurred with a fresh electret filter was 34.0%, whereas a neutralized filter had a collection efficiency of 32.6%. However, when fresh and neutralized electret filters were used with a unipolar charger (electret field: 1.9 kV cm–1), the highest particle collection efficiencies of 99.8% and 98.2%, respectively, were obtained and appeared at the electrode-to-mesh distance, a distance similar to the duct diameter. The distance between the tip of the discharge electrode and filter, which can be predicted using Sigmond’s law, affected the charge density value on the filter surface. The ozone concentration was negligible under optimum conditions for particle collection. Therefore, using an electret filter combined with a corona discharge has good potential for improving air purifiers.
A Consensual Inquiry of Teachers’ Responses to Classroom Situations: Implications for School Counselors

Although often overlooked by school leaders, teacher emotions are key factors that impact classroom climate and therefore educational outcomes and student success. We use a framework grounded in rational emotive behavior therapy and social cognitive theory to explore teachers’ perceived thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in response to common classroom situations. The consensual qualitative research methodology was used to analyze data collected from 21 elementary school teachers. Findings suggest that psychosocial barriers exist among teachers who undermine effective instruction and classroom climate. Implications for school counselor practice are discussed.
Sex-biased environmental sensitivity: natural and experimental evidence from a bird species with larger females

The larger sex is often more vulnerable, in terms of development and survival, to poor conditions during early life. Differential vulnerability has implications for parental investment strategies such as sex ratio theory. When males are larger, it is not possible to separate the effects of larger size per se and other aspects of the male phenotype on vulnerability. Furthermore, offspring competition might favor the larger sex and thereby mask intrinsic, size-related effects. We studied sex-specific mortality in a bird species with reversed size dimorphism, the great skua Stercorarius skua, under natural and experimentally created poor conditions. Small eggs from extended laying sequences were used to create poor early conditions for the offspring, which were raised as singletons. Daughters had a lower survival in all treatment groups. Survival in natural broods was additionally affected by hatch date and position. Hatch weight was not different for sons and daughters but was lower in experimental than in natural nests. In natural nests, daughters fledged 10% heavier than sons, but in experimental nests, they did not reach a higher mass. The average survival difference between sons and daughters was not increased in experimental broods. However, hatch weight had a strong sex-specific effect. Very light females never survived, and survival probability of daughters increased with increasing hatch weight. By contrast, survival of sons over the same range of hatch weights was not related to weight. These findings support the hypothesis that larger (final) size per se is related to sex-specific offspring vulnerability during early life. Copyright 2005.
The Effect of Entrepreneurial Marketing on Business Performance : Small Garment Industry in Bandung City, Indonesia

This study aims to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial marketing dimensions, namely: proactiveness; calculated risk-taking; innovativeness; opportunity focus; resource leveraging; customer intensity; value creation and legitimacy, on business performance in garment small industry in Bandung City Indonesia. Ninety small industries are used as samples in this survey. Data analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression. This multiple regression analysis indicates that proactiveness, resources leveraging, value creation and customer intensity dimensions of entrepreneurial marketing has significant and positive effects on business performance.
Solid state lighting for the developing world: the only solution

Approximately two billion people, one third of humanity still has no access to electricity, and thus relies on fuel-based lighting, a dangerous alternative of last resort that is unhealthy, expensive, and offers very poor levels of illumination. This lack of light makes it difficult to perform most evening activities including studies by children and adults alike and therefore represents a significant barrier to human development. Over the past five years The Light Up The World Foundation (LUTW) has pioneered the use of the white light emitting diode (WLED) as an alternative home lighting solution, bringing clean, affordable light to thousands of non-electrified homes around the world. The information presented herein is intended to increase awareness of the enormous potential possessed by this emergent technology, "Solid State Lighting" (SSL), to improve the quality of life of millions of people around the world. The feasibility of its implementation is demonstrated with results from comprehensive field experience and laboratory research work. The mutual economic, social and environmental benefits for both stakeholders and SSL suppliers are discussed. Strategies conducive to the dissemination of this technology throughout the developing world are also presented.
Evaluation of the Spinoffs Criteria: A Lesson from The Indonesian Islamic Banking Industry

Spin-off policy is one of the crucial issues in the Indonesian Islamic Banking Act (The Act of 21/2008). This paper is going to evaluate the spinoffs criteria that are inherent in the Act of 21/2008. The method that has been used in this paper to evaluate the spinoffs criteria is ARIMA and simulation. This ARIMA method is used to forecast that the Islamic banking unit can achieve the fifty percent asset after fifteen years after this act. The object that is used in this paper is four Islamic spin-off's banks, five Islamic banking units, and two Islamic full-fledged banks. The ARIMA result shows that from all of the objects in fifteen years or the year of 2023, there are no Islamic banks either Islamic full-fledged banks or Islamic banking unit can achieve the fifty percent asset. Besides that, based on the simulation it needs high growth asset to achieve the market share asset of its parent’s banks. According to these results, this study suggests the regulator should revise the spinoffs criteria using the strict criteria that based on either nominal assets, capital, financial ratio or the others.