Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal changes in periphytic meiofauna in lakes of different trophic states

Meiofaunal organisms in the periphyton of stony hard-substrates (epilithon) were studied in three Swedish lakes with different trophic states (oligo-, meso- and eutrophic) with respect to seasonal successions in abundance, biomass, and production. Over a period of 2 years, the meiofaunal population of all three lakes fluctuated greatly, with densities varying up to nine-fold within a season. In the oligotrophic lake, a significant decrease in meiofauna in winter was striking, whereas in the other two lakes, richer in nutrients, there was a pronounced peak in early summer. Although the lakes, on average, did not differ in epilithic organic and inorganic material, the differences in meiofaunal abundance, biomass, and production were significant. Correlation analysis revealed that altogether the meiofaunal biomass was positively related to the lakes’ trophic state (total phosphorus), while the meiofaunal abundance and production along the trophic spectrum displayed a humped-shape distribution, with maximum values measured in the mesotrophic Lake Erken (1324 ind cm-2 and 2249 mg DW cm-2 y-1). Nematodes were the dominant meiofaunal group in the epilithon of all three lakes, accounting for up to 58% in abundance, 33% in biomass and 55% in production of the whole meiofaunal community. However, their relative importance tended to decrease with increasing trophic state. Beside nematodes, rotifers, oligochaetes, copepods and tardigrades were also found in large numbers in the epilithon. Overall, the results demonstrated that, due to their high abundance, biomass, and production, meiofaunal organisms play an important role in epilithic communities.
A STUDY ON PREFIXES OF c2 INVARIANTS

This paper begins by reviewing recent progress that has been made by taking a combinatorial perspective on the c2 invariant, an arithmetic graph invariant with connections to Feynman integrals. Then it proceeds to report on some recent calculations of c2 invariants for two families of circulant graphs at small primes. These calculations support the idea that all possible finite sequences appear as initial segments of c2 invariants, in contrast to their apparent sparsity on small graphs.
Consulting with Teachers Regarding Academic Skills: Problem Solving for Basic Skills.

A number of issues must be addressed in order to intervene with academic problems within classrooms . These issues include screening, problem specification, problem function, solving the problem, and subsequent problem evaluation. Although the addition of a consultant will allow services to be delivered to greater numbers of children than could be affected through direct service by the consultant, indirect service delivery creates issues that will have to be addressed in order for services to be effective. These issues are discussed in terms of assessment as well as the determination of curriculum levels within classrooms in consultation with the classroom teacher.
The intergalactic medium over the last 10 billion years – I. Lyα absorption and physical conditions

The intergalactic medium (IGM) is the dominant reservoir of baryons at all cosmic epochs. In this paper, we investigate the evolution of the IGM from z = 2 → 0i n (48h −1 Mpc) 3 , 110million particle cosmological hydrodynamic simulations using three prescriptions for galactic outflows. We focus on the evolution of IGM physical properties, and how such properties are traced by Lyα absorption as detectable using Hubble’s Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS). Our results broadly confirm the canonical picture that most Lyα absorbers arise from highly ionized gas tracing filamentary large-scale structure. Growth of structure causes gas to move from the diffuse photoionized IGM into other cosmic phases, namely stars, cold and hot gas within galaxy haloes, and the unbound and shock-heated warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). By today, baryons are comparably divided between bound phases (35 per cent in our favoured outflow model), the diffuse IGM (41 per cent) and the WHIM (24 per cent). Here we (re)define the WHIM as gas with overdensities lower than that in haloes (ρ/¯ ρ 100 today) and temperatures T > 10 5 K, to more closely align it with the ‘missing baryons’ that are not easily detectable in emission or Lyα absorption. Strong galactic outflows can have a noticeable impact on the temperature of the IGM, though with our favoured momentum-driven wind scalings they do not. When we (mildly) tune our assumed photoionizing background to match the observed evolution of the Lyα mean flux decrement, we obtain line count evolution statistics that broadly agree with available (pre-COS) observations. We predict a column density distribution slope of f (NH I) ∝ N −1.70 H I for our favoured wind model, in agreement with recent observational estimates, and it becomes shallower with redshift. Winds have a mostly minimal impact, but they do result in a shallower column density slope and more strong lines. With improved statistics, the frequency of strong lines can be a valuable diagnostic of outflows, and the momentum-driven wind model matches existing data significantly better than the two alternatives we consider. The relationship between column density and physical density broadens mildly from z = 2 → 0, and evolves as ρ ∝ N 0.74 H I 10 −0.37z for diffuse absorbers, consistent with previous studies. Linewidth distributions are quite sensitive to spectral resolution; COS should yield significantly broader lines than higher resolution data. Thermal contributions to linewidths are typically subdominant, so linewidths only loosely reflect the temperature of the absorbing gas. This will hamper attempts to quantify the WHIM using broad Lyα absorbers, though it may still be possible to do so statistically. Together, COS data and simulations such as these will provide key insights into the physical conditions of the dominant reservoir of baryons over the majority of cosmic time.
Simulating Bivariate Stationary Processes with Scale-Specific Characteristics

By modifying and generalizing the wavelet-based approach of approximately simulating univariate long-memory processes that is available in the literature, we propose a methodology for simulating a bivariate stationary process, whose components exhibit different relationships at different scales. We derive the formulas for the autocovariance and cross-covariance sequences of the simulated bivariate process. We provide a setting for the parameters of the simulation which might generate a bivariate time series resembling that of stock log returns. Using this setting, we study the properties of our methodology via Monte Carlo simulation.
Covered in stigma? The impact of differing levels of Islamic head-covering on explicit and implicit biases toward Muslim women

Given the prominence of Muslim veils—in particular the hijab and full-face veil—in public discourse concerning the place of Muslims in Western society, we examined their impact on non-Muslims’ responses at both explicit and implicit levels. Results revealed that responses were more negative toward any veil compared with no veil, and more negative toward the full-face veil relative to the hijab: for emotions felt toward veiled women (Study 1), for non-affective attitudinal responses (Study 2), and for implicit negative attitudes revealed through response latency measures (Studies 3a and 3b). Finally, we manipulated the perceived reasons for wearing a veil, finding that exposure to positive reasons for wearing a veil led to better predicted and imagined contact (Study 4). Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Indonesian coffee competitiveness in the international market: review from the demand side.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian coffee in domestic market and international market, in terms of the demand for Indonesian coffee. Secondary time series data from 1990 to 2011 are used to analyze the competitiveness of coffee in two different markets. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) approach is employed to analyze the competitiveness in the domestic market, while Armington model is employed to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian coffee in the international market. Based on the RCA index, Indonesian coffee competitiveness among 10 major commodities in the domestic market was at ranks 6. While based on the Armington model, Indonesian coffee face different competitors in each export destination countries. This finding implies that Indonesia should establish cooperation with partner countries as well as countries which are neutral in order to compete with coffee from competitors.
Assessment of the quality of drop size measurements using a non-dedicated present weather sensor

Drop size data from a present weather sensor have been compared to drop size data collected using a nearly co-located dedicated disdrometer. In a rainfall event that lasted more than 9 hours, with rainfall intensities up to 25 mm h-1 drop size distributions (DSDs) estimated by the two different types of instruments are found to be significantly different. The present weather sensor severely underestimates the number of large drops, which is likely due to miscalibration of the instrument. The effect of this underestimation on DSDderived bulk rainfall variables R and Z is significant. A simple linear correction for this miscalibration proves to be quite effective in removing differences between DSDs and resulting bulk rainfall variables. If DSDs estimated from the present weather sensor are to be used in analyses of rainfall spatial variation, careful recalibration is therefore essential
A creative learning space development toolkit: Empirical evaluation of a novel design method

The physical environment in design education can have a significant impact on students’ creativity, learning performance, and wellbeing. However, little attention is given to the question, how to design such spaces in a scientifically sound manner and how to involve the relevant stakeholders. Specifically, the future users of the space—students and teachers—might have important insights about the spatial requirements. To support spatial planners, teachers, and students, who want to improve their existing learning spaces or to design them from scratch, we developed a toolkit, consisting of several checklists, card sets, floor plans, and canvases to frame spatial requirements and ideas. The toolkit was tested and evaluated in a workshop at a design school in the UK that was in the process of moving departments to a new building. Hence, this paper presents an action research cycle including the four steps of 1) designing the toolkit, 2) conducting the workshop, 3) observing the workshop and obtaining feedback, and 4) reflecting on and iterating of the creative learning space development toolkit.
Intercropping of maize ( Zea mays L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) at different plant population densities

In order to determine the best combination and efficiency of resource utilization in intercropping of maize (Zea mays) and faba bean (Vicia faba), a field experiment was conducted as factorial on the bases of randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were intercropped combinations of maize densities (6, 7 and 8 plant/m2) and faba bean densities (30, 40 and 50 plant/m2) and 6 sole-cropped treatments. Two species were intercropped as additive series. The biological and grain yields of maize and faba bean were significantly affected by maize and faba bean densities. Maximum land equivalent ratio (1.97) was attained by 6 maize plants/m2 with 40 and 50 plants/m2 of faba bean intercropping combinations indicating that the area on which monocultures were planted would need to be 97% greater than the area allotted to the intercrop for the two produced the same combined grain yield. The highest standard land equivalent ratio (LERs) produced by intercropping of 8 maize plants with 50 faba bean plants/m2. Maximum RVT (1.31) was obtained in maize and faba bean intercropping with 8 maize and 50 faba bean plants/m2. Whereas, intercropping monetary advantage in comparison with mono cropping was 30%. The combination of 8 maize and 50 faba bean plants/m2 showed the highest profitability and could be introduced as best intercropping system. Key words: Faba bean, grain yield, intercropping, land equivalent ratio, maize
A novel poly (L-lactide) degrading thermophilic actinomycetes, Actinomadura keratinilytica strain T16-1 and pla sequencing

An actinomycete strain T16-1 demonstrated the maximum poly (L-Lactide)-degrading activity when cultured in basal liquid medium at 50°C. According to 16S rDNA sequence analysis, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization revealed that strain T16-1 belong to the family Thermomonosporaceae, genus Actinomadura. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenic data, strain T16-1 which is a novel PLA-degrading thermophilic actinomycete was identified as Actinomadura keratinilytica, but the color of its colony on ISP plates, NaCl tolerant and utilization of mannitol, raffinose and arabinose were different. Partial sequence of poly (L-lactide) depolymerase gene from strain T16-1 was demonstrated. The gene consisting of 222 amino acids was related to serine protease from Streptomyces sp. with 43 to 46% identity. Key words: Actinomadura keratinilytica, cloning, identification, poly (L-lactide).
Qin, Si and Timoshkin, Igor V. and MacLean, Michelle and MacGregor, Scott J. and Wilson, Mark P. and Given, Martin J. and Wang, Tao and Anderson, John G. (2016) TiO -coated electrodes for pulsed electric field

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Gyrokinetic turbulence simulations at high plasma beta

Electromagnetic gyrokinetic turbulence simulations employing Cyclone Base Case parameters are presented for β values up to and beyond the kinetic ballooning threshold. The β scaling of the turbulent transport is found to be linked to a complex interplay of linear and nonlinear effects. Linear investigation of the kinetic ballooning mode is performed in detail, while nonlinearly, it is found to dominate the turbulence only in a fairly narrow range of β values just below the respective ideal limit. The magnetic transport scales like β2 and is well described by a Rechester–Rosenbluth-type ansatz.Electromagnetic gyrokinetic turbulence simulations employing Cyclone Base Case parameters are presented for β values up to and beyond the kinetic ballooning threshold. The β scaling of the turbulent transport is found to be linked to a complex interplay of linear and nonlinear effects. Linear investigation of the kinetic ballooning mode is performed in detail, while nonlinearly, it is found to dominate the turbulence only in a fairly narrow range of β values just below the respective ideal limit. The magnetic transport scales like β2 and is well described by a Rechester–Rosenbluth-type ansatz.
TECHNETIUM ATTENUATION IN THE VADOSE ZONE: ROLE OF MINERAL INTERACTIONS

The research objective was to provide fundamental information on surface-mediated reduction/precipitation reactions of Tc on Fe{sup II}-containing mineral surfaces and the stability of those precipitates under conditions relevant to the vadose zone at the Hanford Site. Our strategy was to investigate (1) Tc attenuation in Hanford Site sediments, (2) surface-mediated reduction of Tc{sup VII} on Fe{sup II}-containing minerals, and (3) the stability of the precipitated Tc{sup IV} solids. This information provides crucial support for the development of models of Tc mobility in the vadose zone. The methods used and results generated in these three research efforts are presented below.
Serum Interleukin-18 Concentrations in Burn Patients

Interleukin(IL)-18 is a recently cloned cytokine thought to participate actively in various inflammatory reactions. We investigated relationships between serum IL-18 concentrations and clinical parameters in burn patients, from whom serum samples were collected serially beginning within 24h after admission. Patients (17 male, 8 female; 22 survivors, 3 nonsurvivors) had a mean age of 49.2 years, a mean total burn surface area (TBSA) of 27.1% (range, 1 to 93%), and a mean burn index (BI) of 19.6 (range, 0.5 to 88). Serum IL-18 concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to examine correlations with TBSA, BI, white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP), and oxygenation index (OI; Pao2/FIo2; P/F). On Day 1 serum IL-18 correlated negatively with TBSA (r0.53, P0.05), BI (r0.48, P0.05), and WBC (r0.49, P0.05), while on Day 7 IL-18 correlated positively with TBSA (r0.47, P0.05), BI (r0.48, P0.05), WBC (r0.47, P0.05), and CRP (r0.56, P0.01). Serum IL-18 had a negative correlation with OI (r0.30, P0.01), and a positive correlation with the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (r0.56, P0.01). The meanSEM for peak IL-18 concentrations in individual survivors was significantly lower than the peak value among nonsurvivors (33425 vs. 626215 pg/mL, P0.01). In conclusion, IL-18 in serum showed significant relationships with TBSA, BI, severity of inflammation, respiratory function, multiple organ dysfunction, and outcome. IL-18 is likely to be involved in the pathophysiology of inflammatory reactions following burn injury.
Occupational Participation of Older Adults: Reliability and Validity of the Activity Card Sort—Puerto Rican Version

The Activity Card Sort was developed to measure the level of participation of older adults in instrumental, social, and leisure activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the translated and culturally adapted Puerto Rican Spanish version of the Activity Card Sort (PR-ACS). This study included 106 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and older and 40 adults with multiple sclerosis aged 50 years and older. Results showed that the PR-ACS was able to discriminate between clients with different levels of functioning (t = 6.86; p < .001), and was positively associated with the Puerto Rican version of the RAND-36 Short Form Health Survey (r = 0.66; p < .001). Good test—retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.82) and high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91) were demonstrated. Initial evidence of construct validity, concurrent validity, internal consistency, and test—retest reliability was found to support the use of the PR-ACS to assess occupational participation of Puerto Rican older adults living in the community.
Growth and sensory characteristics of organically reared broilers differing in strain, sex and age at slaughter

Abstract The effects of strain, sex and age on live weight, slaughter weight and sensory characteristics of organically reared broilers in orchards are presented. A total of 450 broilers of three different strains (I 657, Light Sussex, New Hampshire) were reared in an organic research orchard. Half of each strain was slaughtered at 91 days and the other half at 120 days. All broilers were weighed and a clinical welfare assessment was made at slaughter. A trained sensory panel evaluated the breast meat in relation to flavour, smell and texture characteristics defined by the panel. At both 91 and 120 days of age the commercial breed I 657 was significantly heavier than the slower growing strains. Males were significantly heavier than the females across strains. Weight ratios between males and females were nearly the same at both slaughter ages in I 657, whereas weight ratios increased significantly at 120 days in Light Sussex and New Hampshire. No overall effect of strain was found on the flavour and smell of the breast meat. However, the age-related changes in tenderness and toughness differed significantly between strains, since the commercial strain tended towards a tougher and less tender consistency with age, whereas the opposite was the case for the slower growing pure breeds. The positive flavour of salt was significantly improved at 120 days across strains with females having a saltier flavour than the males with age. The positive flavour of sweet corn was improved in the meat from the males, whereas the positive smell of sweet corn was significantly improved in both males and females. No negative effects of age were found. In conclusion, broilers were tastier when slaughtered at 120 days compared with 91 days. The development in meat tenderness was related to strain, and weights at slaughter were related to both strain and sex.
Irrigation in Ethiopia, a Review

A critical review of recent studies on irrigation systems and developments in Ethiopia was conducted from the historical point of view up to the present and the future. This review discusses the Ethiopian irrigation based on the historical backgrounds, current conditions of development and its contributions to the national economy, challenges and opportunities, and future development perspectives. It is believed that irrigation practices were long been in use during ancient times with unspecified beginning period. However, Irrigation was not likely a driving force for the initiation of ancient civilization in Ethiopia. Since 1950’s modern irrigation was introduced at the Rift Valley basin for productions of commercial crops. Government, donors and NGOs are investing in developing irrigation systems, especially on small-scale irrigations. As a result, irrigation is developing rapidly. However, its contribution to the national economy is not significant when compared to rain-fed agriculture. There is a scanty of detail study regarding water potentials and its developmental perspectives in the Ethiopian context as it lacks an agreed reports in common consensus. There should possibly be well-studied and documented reports in the field. It is evident that irrigation will play a significant role in the food security enhancement and economic development of Ethiopia, provided the efficient use of water is required. Keywords: Small Scale Irrigation; Irrigation; Review; Ethiopia