Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accounting for Location Measurement Error in Atomic Resolution Images of Crystalline Materials

Scanning transmission electron microscopy can directly image the atomic structure of materials. To resolve this structure, the material must be aligned along a direction such that columns of atoms are projected onto the image. The local relationships between the intensities and distances of these projected atom columns can inform our understanding of structure--property relationships to ultimately further improve the materials. Measurement error in the atom column locations can, however, introduce bias into parameter estimates. Here, we create a spatial Bayesian hierarchical model that treats the locations as parameters to account for measurement error, and lower the computational burden by approximating the likelihood using a non-contiguous block design around the atom columns. We conduct a simulation study and analyze real data to compare our model to standard spatial and non-spatial models. The results show our method corrects the bias in the parameter of interest, drastically improving upon the standard models.
Residential Sorting, School Choice, and Inequality

This paper studies how the expansion of school choice affects housing markets. First, I use an event study that exploits time variation in the entry of school choice to show that, on average, school choice decreases the willingness to pay for a standard deviation increase in school quality by 6 percentage points, or around $15,000. Second, I develop a structural model featuring heterogeneous agents and residential choice to assess the effects of school choice on opportunity. While school choice is seen as a way to increase opportunity for low-income families, the model shows that school choice leads to gentrification of poorer neighbourhoods, implying that school choice does not necessarily improve outcomes for all low-income households. Intuitively, breaking the link between residence and school causes higher-income families to use school choice and move into neighbourhoods with poor performing schools, driving up house prices. Benefits from school choice programs are thus counterbalanced by a higher cost of living. There is a tradeoff between expanding school choice and benefiting high-ability children, versus making parents of low-ability children, who do not utilize school choice, worse off. Furthermore, I find that the majority of lowincome families prefer that a choice school does not open in their neighbourhood, so that their costs-of-living do not change. ∗I thank Mike Gilraine, Raquel Fernández, Jess Benhabib, and Virgiliu Midrigan for their invaluable support. I also thank Chris Flinn, James Graham, Victoria Gregory, Francisco Roldán, Sharon Traiberman and Daniel Waldinger for their helpful suggestions, as well as seminar participants at NYU. Data was provided by Zillow through the Zillow Transaction and Assessment Dataset (ZTRAX), http://www.zillow. com/ztrax. The results and opinions are my own and do not reflect the position of Zillow Group. All errors are my own. Contact: New York University, angelaz@nyu.edu
Developmental Bayesian Optimization of Black-Box with Visual Similarity-Based Transfer Learning

—We present a developmental framework based on a long-term memory and reasoning mechanisms (Vision Similarity and Bayesian Optimisation). This architecture allows a robot to optimize autonomously hyper-parameters that need to be tuned from any action and/or vision module, treated as a black-box. The learning can take advantage of past experiences (stored in the episodic and procedural memories) in order to warm-start the exploration using a set of hyper-parameters previously optimized from objects similar to the new unknown one (stored in a semantic memory). As example, the system has been used to optimized 9 continuous hyper-parameters of a professional software (Kamido) both in simulation and with a real robot (industrial robotic arm Fanuc) with a total of 13 different objects. The robot is able to ﬁnd a good object-speciﬁc optimization in 68 (simulation) or 40 (real) trials. In simulation, we demonstrate the beneﬁt of the transfer learning based on visual similarity, as opposed to an amnesic learning ( i.e. learning from scratch all the time). Moreover, with the real robot, we show that the method consistently outperforms the manual optimization from an expert with less than 2 hours of training time to achieve more than 88% of success.
MULTIPLE-BREED GENETIC EVALUATION OF GROWTH TRAITS IN SIMMENTAL AND SIMBRAH CATTLE

Se estimaron componentes de varianza y parAimetros genA©ticos en becerros Simmental, Simbrah y Simmental x CebAo ajustando seis diferentes modelos en datos de peso al nacimiento (PN; n=105,297) y pesos ajustados a 205 (PD; n=82,752) y 365 dA­as de edad (PA; n=49,450) proporcionados por la AsociaciA³n Mexicana de Criadores de Ganado Simmental Simbrah, A.C. Los modelos variaron de un modelo que incluyA³ efectos genA©ticos directos (Modelo 1) a uno que incluyA³ efectos genA©ticos directos y maternos, su covarianza y efectos del ambiente permanente (Modelo 6). Los efectos fijos fueron: grupo contemporAineo, edad de la madre, proporciA³n de genes Simmental, heterocigosis y pA©rdidas por recombinaciA³n. Los estimadores de heredabilidad directa y materna variaron entre modelos. Debido a problemas en la estimaciA³n de la correlaciA³n directa-materna, la cual fue extremadamente alta (valor absoluto), el Modelo 4, que incluyA³ efectos genA©ticos directos y maternos y del ambiente permanente, se considerA³ el mAis apropiado para las tres caracterA­sticas. El uso de cualquiera de los otros modelos resultarA­a en diferencias esperadas en la progenie poco confiables, afectando la eficiencia de la selecciA³n. Con el Modelo 4, los estimadores de heredabilidad directa y materna y proporciA³n de la varianza fenotA­pica debida al ambiente permanente fueron: 0.17, 0.01 y 0.03; 0.14, 0.02 y 0.04; y 0.15, 0.01 y 0.01 para PN, PD y PA, respectivamente.
Eff ect of crop residues on CO 2 fl ux in the CTF system during soil tillage by a disc harrow Lemken Rubin 9

Sima T. , Dubeova M. , 2013. Eff ect of crop residues on CO 2 fl ux in the CTF system during soil tillage by a disc harrow Lemken Rubin 9 . Res. Agr. Eng., 59 (Special Issue): S15–S21.
A combined model of segregation and cultural dissemination models: Searching for conditions of successful nonterritorial offices

This paper develops a new simulation model by combining the two typical models of social differentiation: Cultural dissemination model and segregation model. In this combined model, the agents can move around and communicate with one another on a space of non-partition and free-address setting. Non-partition and free-address setting is called nonterritorial office in office management. Nonterritorial offices have been adopted by many Japanese firms in recent years. This paper searches successful nonterritorial offices by using the combined simulation model and two case studies of Japanese firms. This paper suggests that "moderate" office density is a condition for successful nonterritorial offices. This paper also suggests that nonterritorial offices are likely to fail under “high” or “low” office density.
Novel Method for Improving the Utilization of Corn Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles in Broiler Diets

An experiment was conducted with broiler chicks to study the possibility of improving the utilization of Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS) in broiler diets. A total number of 150 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five groups received, diet containing 12% corn Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS diet) without or with enzyme preparation (E), radish root extract (RRE, as source of peroxidase enzyme ) or E plus RRE, in addition to the control diet . The addition of RRE improved numerically Body Weight (BW) at 28 days and significantly at 42 days by 3.42 and 3.11%, respectively compared to birds fed DDGS diet alone. Enzyme preparation failed to improve performance for broiler fed DDGS diet. While using DDGS diet significantly decreased plasma antioxidants capacity by 56.11% compared to control birds, addition of RRE significantly increased it by 515% compared to the birds fed DDGS diet alone. There were insignificant differences between experimental treatments in plasma cholesterol, lipids or creatinine content. The addition of RRE increased plasma phosphorus by 65.93% compared to the birds fed DDGS diet alone while the later decreased it by 6.22% compared to control diet. The control birds recorded significantly higher values of plasma uric acid compared to other treatments. It was concluded that using RRE as a source of peroxidase enzyme is a suitable feed additive for improving the utilization of DDGS.
Investigation of the depth of field in acoustic maps and its relaqtion between focal distance and array design

Most of today’s established beamforming systems use planar microphone arrays. This is a popular and easy choice because these arrays have a great depth of field and seem robust against false focus. In cases of planar beamforming-array-measurements considering a false focus, sources are mostly mapped correctly and show only a minor loss of the source level. As the further development of the beamforming technology takes place, the 3D– arrays have been developed and used for several new applications. Especially room and building acoustics as well as car interior measurements seem to be some of these applications for such 3-dimensional-arrays. Here the simplest chosen way is to map on several 2D planes facing outwards from the spherical array and overlap the maps. The focus will only be accurate for a very small number of points in the map and leads to a dramatically false acoustic map. More advanced systems offer the implementation of common 3D CAD data in order to avoid calculation points with wrong focal distance. These CAD models represent a correct display of reality in its proportion and when mapping on such models no wrong focus can occur. This paper will show the impact of the array design on the depth of field and the mapping capabilities of 3D Beamforming through simulations and practical measurements. It identifies some of the earlier proposed methods as not applicable and unmasks the misleading ones. A simple way to prevent false results through wrong focus distances will also be presented.
Group Field Theory in dimension four minus epsilon

Building on an analogy with ordinary scalar field theories, an $ϵ$-expansion for rank-3 tensorial group field theories with gauge invariance condition is introduced. This allows us to continuously interpolate between the dimension four group $\mathrm{SU}(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{U}(1)$ and the dimension three SU(2). In the first situation, there is a unique marginal ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ coupling constant, but in contrast to ordinary scalar field theory this model is asymptotically free. In the SU(2) case, the presence of two marginally relevant ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{6}$ coupling constants and one ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ super-renormalizable interaction spoils this interesting property. However, the existence of a nontrivial fixed point is established in dimension $4\ensuremath{-}ϵ$, hence suggesting that the SU(2) theory might be asymptotically safe. To pave the way to future nonperturbative calculations, the present perturbative results are discussed in the framework of the effective average action.
Uniform Inference for Characteristic Effects of Large Continuous-Time Linear Models

We consider continuous-time models with a large panel of moment conditions, where the structural parameter depends on a set of characteristics, whose effects are of interest. The leading example is the linear factor model in financial economics where factor betas depend on observed characteristics such as firm specific instruments and macroeconomic variables, and their effects pick up long-run time-varying beta fluctuations. We specify the factor betas as the sum of characteristic effects and an orthogonal idiosyncratic parameter that captures high-frequency movements. It is often the case that researchers do not know whether or not the latter exists, or its strengths, and thus the inference about the characteristic effects should be valid uniformly over a broad class of data generating processes for idiosyncratic parameters. We construct our estimation and inference in a two-step continuous-time GMM framework. It is found that the limiting distribution of the estimated characteristic effects has a discontinuity when the variance of the idiosyncratic parameter is near the boundary (zero), which makes the usual "plug-in" method using the estimated asymptotic variance only valid pointwise and may produce either over- or under- coveraging probabilities. We show that the uniformity can be achieved by cross-sectional bootstrap. Our procedure allows both known and estimated factors, and also features a bias correction for the effect of estimating unknown factors.
Multiplicity dependence of K*(892)$^{0}$ and $\phi$(1020) production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

Measurements of identified hadrons as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity in pp collisions enable a search for the onset of collective effects in small collision systems. With such measurements, it is possible to study the mechanisms that determine the shapes of hadron transverse momentum ($p_{\rm{T}}$) spectra, to search for possible modifications of the yields of short-lived hadronic resonances due to scattering effects in the hadron-gas phase, and to investigate different explanations for the multiplicity evolution of strangeness production provided by phenomenological models. In this paper, these topics are addressed through measurements of the $\rm{K}^{*}(892)^{0}$ and $\phi(1020)$ mesons at midrapidity in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity. The results include the $p_{\rm{T}}$ spectra, $p_{\rm{T}}$-integrated yields, mean transverse momenta, and the ratios of the yields of these resonances to those of longer-lived hadrons. Comparisons with results from other collision systems and energies, as well as predictions from phenomenological models, are also discussed.
PG-FRAMES IN BANACH SPACES

For extending the concepts of p-frame, frame for Banach spaces and atomic decomposition, we will define the concept of pg-frame and g-frame for Banach spaces, by which each f 2 X (X is a Banach space) can be represented by an unconditionally convergent series f = P gi i, where { i}i2J is a pg-frame, {gi} 2 ( P Y i )lq and 1 + 1 = 1. In fact, a pg-frame { i} is a kind of an overcomplete basis for X. We also show that every separable Banach space X has a g-Banach frame with bounds equal to 1.
Immersed curves in Khovanov homology

We give a geometric interpretation of Bar-Natan's universal invariant for the class of tangles in the 3-ball with four ends: we associate with such 4-ended tangles $T$ multicurves $\widetilde{\operatorname{BN}}(T)$, that is, collections of immersed curves with local systems in the 4-punctured sphere. These multicurves are tangle invariants up to homotopy of the underlying curves and equivalence of the local systems. They satisfy a gluing theorem which recovers the reduced Bar-Natan homology of links in terms of wrapped Lagrangian Floer theory. Furthermore, we use $\widetilde{\operatorname{BN}}(T)$ to define two immersed curve invariants $\widetilde{\operatorname{Kh}}(T)$ and $\operatorname{Kh}(T)$, which satisfy similar gluing theorems that recover reduced and unreduced Khovanov homology of links, respectively. As a first application, we prove that Conway mutation preserves reduced Bar-Natan homology over the field with two elements and Rasmussen's $s$-invariant over any field. As a second application, we give a geometric interpretation of Rozansky's categorification of the two-stranded Jones-Wenzl projector. This allows us to define a module structure on reduced Bar-Natan and Khovanov homologies of infinitely twisted knots, generalizing a result by Benheddi.
The shape of the primordial power spectrum: A last stand before Planck data

We present a minimally parametric reconstruction of the primordial power spectrum using the most recent cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure data sets. Our goal is to constrain the shape of the power spectrum while simultaneously avoiding strong theoretical priors and over-fitting of the data. We find no evidence for any departure from a power-law spectral index. We also find that an exact scale-invariant power spectrum is disfavored by the data, but this conclusion is weaker than the corresponding result assuming a theoretically-motivated power-law spectral index prior. The reconstruction shows that better data are crucial to justify the adoption of such a strong theoretical prior observationally. These results can be used to determine the robustness of our present knowledge when compared with forthcoming precision data from Planck.
Growth, yield and quality response of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants to different inorganic fertilizers applications in central Kenya.

Objective: An on-farm trial was established under furrow irrigation in two seasons. The first season trial was planted on 5 th March 2010 and the second season trial on 6 th November 2010 at Kimbimbi in Kirinyaga South district, Kenya , to evaluate the effect of inorganic fertilizer application regimes on growth, yield and quality of snap beans. Methodology and results: The fertilizer treatments comprised: (i) application of di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) at planting and topdressing with calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) at 21 days after planting (dap); (ii) application of DAP at planting and topdressing with NPK-17:17:17 at 21 dap; (iii) application of DAP at planting, topdressing with CAN at 21 dap and topdressing with NPK-17:17:17 at 35 dap; (iv) application of CAN at planting, topdressing with CAN at 21 dap and then topdressing with CAN at 35 dap; (v) control (no fertilizer added). The varieties tested were Amy and Serengeti. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement and replicated three times . The data collected included crop emergence, number of nodules per plant, nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, pod yield and yield components. The results showed that inorganic fertilizer application depressed nodulation relative to the control. Generally, application of DAP-CAN and DAP-NPK significantly increased shoot dry weight while CAN alone had no effect. All treatments except DAP-NPK had significantly higher fine pod yield than the control in Amy while all fertilizer treatments improved fine pod yield in Serengeti. DAP-CAN fertilizer application had the most positive effect in Serengeti while DAP-CAN-NPK had the most positive effect in Amy. Snap bean growth and pod yield responses is dependent on genotype. Conclusion and application: DAP-CAN fertilizer application on Serengeti plots had 40.7% and 344.1% higher net profit than the average profit of all the fertilizer treatments on Serengeti and Amy, respectively. Use of DAP-CAN fertilizer with variety Serengeti is the most profitable option for smallholder farmers in
CONCEPTION OF LEARNING PHYSICS AND SELF-EFFICACY AMONG INDONESIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Many studies concerned about self-efficacy in science education. The studies have used, ranging from an elementary science student to university level. Some researchers have explored the significant influence of students’ conceptions of learning science on their science learning self-efficacy (e.g. Chiou & Liang, 2012; Lin, Liang & Tsai, 2015a; Lin, Liang & Tsai, 2015b; Tsai, Ho, Liang, & Lin, 2011). However, not at all concerned on the university student level of self-efficacy scale. In this level, some previous researchers studied about physics self-efficacy (e.g. Lin, Liang & Tsai, 2015a; Lindstrøm & Sharma, 2011; Sawtelle, Brewe, & Kramer, 2012), chemistry self-efficacy (Uzuntiryaki & Aydın, 2009), and biology self-efficacy (Lin et al., 2015b). Self-efficacy ratings are not only informative to students, but also produce self-regulatory reactions, such as increasing studying to score better in the classroom (Zimmerman, Bonner, & Kovach, 2006). There is a linear relationship between students’ self-efficacy and their performing in tasks. Consequently, in educational settings, students who hold strong self-efficacy beliefs in determining a given project and doing it successfully are likely to employ in the task, while fewer self-efficacious students were distinct to avoid it (Pintrich & Schunk, 2002). In addition, self-efficacy is a predictor of academic performance (Uzuntiryaki & Aydın, 2009). Students who have a high efficacy would perform better in their academic tasks than those with low efficacy. In the present research, the role of university students’ various conceptions of learning in their academic self-efficacy in the domain of physics is initially explored. Specifically, the focus of the research is to identify university students’ conception of learning physics and to understand how these distinct conceptions relate to physics learning’ self-efficacy in Indonesia. In addition, the relation between each component of conception of learning and self-efficacy in the domain of physics is also examined. Nadi Suprapto National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan State University of Surabaya, Indonesia
The possible role of stellar mergers for the formation of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters

Many possible scenarios for the formation of multiple stellar populations (MSPs) in globular clusters (GCs) have been discussed so far, including the involvement of asymptotic giant branch stars, fast-rotating main-sequence stars, very massive main-sequence stars and mass-transferring massive binaries based on stellar evolution modelling. But self-consistent, dynamical simulations of very young GCs are usually not considered. In this work, we perform direct N-body modelling of such systems with total masses up to 3.2 × 105 M⊙, taking into account the observationally constrained primordial binary properties, and discuss the stellar mergers driven both by binary stellar evolution and dynamical evolution of GCs. The occurrence of stellar mergers is enhanced significantly in binary-rich clusters such that stars forming from the gas polluted by merger-driven ejection/winds would appear as MSPs. We thus emphasize that stellar mergers can be an important process that connects MSP formation with star cluster dynamics, and that multiple MSP formation channels can naturally work together. The scenario studied here, also in view of a possible top-heavy initial mass function, may be particularly relevant for explaining the high mass fraction of MSPs (the mass budget problem) and the absence of MSPs in young and low-mass star clusters.