Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Industry-level determinants of the linkage between credit and stock markets

ABSTRACT This paper examines the relationship between US credit default swaps (CDS) and stock returns on an industry-wide basis across a number of investment horizons, with particular focus on the major determinants of such a relationship. Wavelet analysis is first applied to extract the CDS–stock wavelet correlation for each US industry. Then, Bayesian Model Averaging is employed to identify the key driving factors of the industry CDS–stock wavelet correlations at short- and long-term horizons. The empirical results indicate that the wavelet correlations between the industry CDS and stock returns are primarily negative over time and across time scales. Moreover, the CDS–stock correlation at longer horizons exhibits a much more stable pattern than its counterpart at shorter time frames. The results also demonstrate that the volatility of US Treasury and stock markets, as measured by the MOVE and VIX indices, respectively, the volatility of volatility, as captured by the VVIX index, and US economic policy uncertainty, as measured by the EPU index, are the most robust determinants of the correlation between CDS and stock returns at shorter and longer horizons for most US industries. In contrast, the Fama–French systematic equity factors exhibit a practically negligible explanatory power on the CDS–stock link.
[Anterior cruciate ligament injuries: does surgical treatment with autograft versus allograft option affect the clinical results?].

BACKGROUND We investigated the clinical outcome of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions with allograft or autograft. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 82 patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with anterior tibial tendon (ATT) allograft (n = 52) or quadrupled hamstring tendon (QHT) autograft (n = 30). The patients were assessed using the IKDC (International Knee Documentation Committee) and Lysholm knee scores and functional (one leg hop) and laxity (pivot-shift, Lachman, anterior drawer) tests. RESULTS The two groups were similar with respect to age and sex distribution, operated side, preoperative period and associated injuries (p > 0.05). Results were satisfactory in both groups, but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to IKDC and Lysholm scores, functionality and ligament laxity (p > 0.05). However, effusions were more frequent in the QHT group compared to the ATT group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that differences in graft options for ACL reconstruction have no effect on the clinical outcome. Allografts with to-be-developed solutions to immune response may be a good alternative in ACL reconstruction.
Continuous Administration of Low Dose Rates of Physostigmine and Hyoscine to Guinea‐pigs Prevents the Toxicity and Reduces the Incapacitation Produced by Soman Poisoning

Abstract— A regime was developed, using mini‐osmotic pumps, for the continuous subcutaneous administration of low doses of physostigmine (12.1, 9.7, 4.85 and 2.43 μgh−1), in combination with hyoscine (1.94 or 0.39 μg h−1), to guinea‐pigs for up to 13 days. Physostigmine, in combination with hyoscine, inhibited plasma Cholinesterase, and red blood cell and brain acetylcholinesterase, in a concentration‐dependent manner, did not affect the normal growth rate of guinea‐pigs, and produced no obvious signs of poisoning. A dose rate of 4.85 μg h−1 physostigmine and 1.94 μg h−1 hyoscine was required to inhibit red cell acetylcholinesterase by 30% and brain acetylcholinesterase by 5–15%, with an accompanying plasma hyoscine concentration of 700–850 pg mL−1. There was an apparent decline in red cell acetylcholinesterase activity during the 13 days. Hyoscine levels were higher in the cholinergic‐rich areas of the brain than in the plasma. Continuous pretreatment (1 or 6 days) with physostigmine (4.84 μg h−1) and hyoscine (1.94 μg h−1) provided complete protection against the lethal effects, and minimized the incapacitation and weight loss produced by soman at a dose equivalent to the LD99 value. Following soman challenge, guinea‐pigs exhibited early signs of soman poisoning, but generally these signs of poisoning were minimal by 1–2 h. Extending the pretreatment time to 13 days protected 75% of the guinea‐pigs against the lethal effects of soman poisoning. Red cell acetylcholinesterase activity, 24 h after soman poisoning, was higher following continuous pretreatment with physostigmine and hyoscine than after acute treatment with atropine.
Analysis of a Metalloporphyrin Antioxidant Mimetic (MnTE-2-PyP) as a Radiomitigator: Prostate Tumor and Immune Status

Due to radiation-induced immune depression and development of pathologies such as cancer, there is increasing urgency to identify radiomitigators that are effective when administered after radiation exposure. The main goal of this study was to determine the radiomitigation capacity of MnTE-2-PyP[Mn(III) tetrakis (N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin], a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic, and evaluate leukocyte parameters in spleen and blood. C57BL/6 mice were total-body exposed to 2 Gy γ-rays (Co-60), i.e., well below a lethal dose, followed by subcutaneous implantation of 5 × 105 RM-9 prostate tumor cells and initiation of MnTE-2-PyP treatment (day 0); interval between each procedure was 1–2 h. The drug was administered daily (12 times). Tumor progression was monitored and immunological analyses were performed on a subset per group on day 12. Animals treated with MnTE-2-PyP alone had significantly slower tumor growth compared to mice that did not receive the drug (P < 0.05), while radiation alone had no effect. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with MnTE-2-PyP alone significantly increased spleen mass relative to body mass; the numbers of splenic white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes (B and T), as well as circulating WBC, granulocytes, and platelets, were high compared to one of more of the other groups (P < 0.05). The results show that MnTE-2-PyP slowed RM-9 tumor progression and up-regulated immune parameters, but mitigation of the effects of 2 Gy total-body irradiation were minimal.
Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in women attending a major gynaecological hospital in Greece: a cross-sectional study

Background The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis is not accurately estimated, since it is not a reportable disease. Aims To assess the prevalence of T vaginalis infection in women attending a Greek gynaecological hospital and to evaluate four diagnostic methods for T vaginalis infection. Methods 255 symptomatic and 247 asymptomatic women were included in the study during 2006–07; 372 were Greek and 130 were immigrants. T vaginalis was detected in vaginal samples, using wet mount, culture in modified Diamond's medium, antigen detection and two PCR assays, targeting different regions of T vaginalis genome. Specimens were considered positive for T vaginalis, when tested positive either by culture or by both PCRs. Results 23 women (4.6%) were positive for T vaginalis. Seven of the 23 positive samples (30.4%) were only PCR-positive. Infection was more prevalent in symptomatic women (6.7%) than in asymptomatic ones (2.4%). T vaginalis was more frequently detected in immigrants (7.9%) than in Greek women (3.3%). Gardnerella vaginalis infection was significantly more frequent in women infected with T vaginalis. PCR was the most sensitive method (100%), followed by culture (69.6%), wet mount (69.6%) and latex agglutination (54.6%). Agreement between PCR and culture as well as wet mount examination was very good (κ=0.79). Conclusions The study shows a relatively low percentage of trichomoniasis in the female population living in Athens. The infection was more prevalent among immigrants, and a proportion of the infected women was asymptomatic. The tested methods had good agreement and PCR was found to improve the diagnostic yield considerably.
An Optimum Design for Integrated Switched-Capacitor Dickson Charge Pump Multipliers With Area Power Balance

This letter expands upon an optimum design of integrated switched-capacitor Dickson charge pump multipliers for minimizing the power, which considers the parasitic capacitance of both the top and bottom plates of pump capacitors. This letter also discusses an optimum design with area power balance, and suggests that the number of stages should be ε NMIN, where ε is 1.5-1.7 and NMIN is the minimum number of stages required to meet the condition that the output current is zero at a given output voltage.
Characteristics of recovery and resilience in the Romanian regions

Differences in regional economic growth trajectories and the multiple regional effects of the economic crisis have revived studies dedicated to the subject of resilience. The main goal of this paper is to measure the resilience of the Romanian regions, seeking to answer two basic questions: What was the regional impact of the global crisis from 2008 onwards? How have the Romanian regions recovered following the crisis? We focus our analysis on the region with the highest economic growth in the post-crisis period (South-East) in order to understand the main drivers of economic recovery. The methodology of the study involves a multi-dimensional understanding of resilience. This means that we have extended our focus from economic indicators towards a more inclusive methodology related to the measurement of regional well-being. Our main finding is that productivity growth was a critical driver of economic recovery, having a significant impact on income and jobs, as well as influencing non-material elements of well-being.
SITUATION EXPLOITATION: HIGHER MALE MATING SUCCESS WHEN FEMALE RESISTANCE IS REDUCED BY FEEDING

Optimal male and female mating rates rarely coincide. Males often shift the rate in their favor by either increased signaling and by overcoming female resistance to copulation. The concept of sensory exploitation posits that males produce signals that mimic naturally selected benefits and so deceitfully attract females. However, males also have to overcome female resistance to actual copulation. Males may do so by copulating during situations when the female's ability to resist is decreased because of competing naturally selected demands. Males of the common bedbug, Cimex lectularius, an obligate blood feeder, mate at a rate, and in a manner that is harmful to females. Females have to feed regularly to produce eggs, and during feeding female body volume increases by 300%. Choice trials using unfed and either fed or experimentally enlarged but unfed females showed that the increased postfeeding body volume of females attracted more male mating attempts, strongly reduced female resistance to male mating attempts and resulted in a net increase in female mating rate. Our results, therefore, suggest that males have increased mating success in a situation that females cannot avoid because it is naturally selected. Such “situation exploitation” of low resistance may be a common phenomenon.
Parasite communities of eels Anguilla anguilla in freshwater and marine habitats in Iceland in comparison with other parasite communities of eels in Europe.

Ninety-five eels from one marine and three freshwater localities in Iceland were examined for parasites. Twenty species were found, 12 from marine habitat, 12 from freshwater and 4 species were found in both habitats. These are: Eimeria anguillae, Chilodonella hexasticha, Trichodina fultoni, T. jadranica, Myxidium giardi, Myxobolus kotlani, two Zschokkella spp. , Derogenes varicus, Deropristis inflata, Diplostonmum sp. , Plagioporus angulatus, Podocotyle atomon, Anisakis simplex (larva), Eustrongylides sp. (larva), Hysterothylacium aduncum (larva), Raphidascaris acus (larval and adult stages), Bothriocephalus claviceps, Proteocephalus macrocephalus, and a pseudophyllidean larva. Thirteen of these species are new parasite records from Icelandic waters. The component community of marine eels was characterized by low diversity and a high dominance of a single species. Overall, seven species of helminths were observed, up to five different species occurring in an individual fish. The component community of the freshwater eels was species-poor with low diversity and relatively high dominance of single species. A between-sites difference in the freshwater eels was considerable; only Diplositonun sp. was found at more then one sampling site. Similar to previous studies, there is a total replacement of freshwater macroparasite species by marine ones in saline waters. But unlike research abroad in which species richness decreases with higher salinity, the marine eels in Iceland have considerably higher richness than the freshwater ones. The parasite communities of freshwater eels in Iceland are, in general species-poorer, less diverse and having higher Berger Parker (BP) dominance than other eel communities in Europe. Marine eels have on the other hand comparable species richness, are less diverse and with a high BP dominance.
THE NEXUS BETWEEN LEADERSHIP STYLE AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY TO THE STATE GOVERNMENT, JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA

The purpose of this study was to examine the nexus between leadership styles transformational, transactional and Autocratic) and employees’ performance in the office of the secretary to the State Government, Jigawa state, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose, quantitative research approach and descriptive survey research design were used. The data were collected through questionnaire, the Analyses were done through Statistical package for social science (SPSS v. 21). The finding showed that from the mean score of the three leadership styles (Transformational, Transactional and Autocratic), transformational leadership style (6.311) had the largest mean score, followed by one of transactional leadership dimension Intellectual Stimulation (2.132), Moreover, Autocratic leadership style had the least mean score from all leadership styles dimension (.709). The finding also exposed that, Transformational leadership style predicted employee performance more than transactional and autocratic leadership styles when applying separately. On the other hand, applying the three leadership styles jointly would predict employees’ performance more than single use of leadership styles in SSG’s Office. Thus, it has been recommended that, SSG’s Office leaders should use other dimensions of transformational leadership style such as individual consideration, idealized influence, and intellectual stimulation to build mutual trust between leaders and subordinates, and act with integrity and encourage innovative thinking in order to enhance employee performance as well as to achieve the goals effectively and efficiently. Key Words: Transformational, Transactional, Autocratic, Leadership Style, Employees & Performance
Mechanical constraint imposed on plasma membrane through transverse phospholipid imbalance induces reversible actin polymerization via phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation

Platelets were used to explore the effect of membrane curvature induced by phospholipid excess on cell shape and on organization of the actin cytoskeleton. We showed that the addition of short chain analogues of phospholipids to the outer leaflet of plasma membrane of resting platelets immediately induced a shape change with long filopodia formation containing newly polymerized actin. Cells recovered rapidly their discoid shape and their initial F-actin content only with the phosphatidylserine analogue, which was transported to the inner leaflet by aminophospholipid translocase. Filopodia formation and actin polymerization were inhibited in platelets pre-incubated with cytochalasin D. Both wortmannin and LY294002, two unrelated inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, considerably reduced actin polymerization and filopodia formation. Phospholipid imbalance was accompanied by a reversible translocation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase from cytoplasm to plasma membrane. In agreement with a role for PI 3-kinase, when phospholipids were added to platelets, PtdIns(3,4)P2 increased two-fold and Akt protein was partly phosphorylated. A similar shape change was also observed in nocodazole-treated L929 fibroblasts which were incubated with the similar phospholipid analogues. In those nucleated cells, where the microtubule cytoskeleton was disrupted, a major actin-dependent membrane extension was induced by addition of short chain phospholipids that required the functional integrity of PI 3-kinase. We conclude that any physical constraint acting on plasma membrane and resulting on local changes in membrane curvature is sufficient to initiate transient actin polymerization via phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation.
Effect of frequency of horizontal linear oscillation on motion sickness and somatogravic illusion.

BACKGROUND Low frequency linear (translational) oscillation is an important stimulus in provoking motion sickness in a variety of modes of transport. HYPOTHESIS Lower frequencies of horizontal linear oscillation would be more nauseogenic. The somatogravic illusion (SGI) would be affected by frequency. METHODS Subjects (n = 12) were exposed to horizontal sinusoidal motion (3.6 m.s-2 peak) at three different frequencies (0.205 Hz, 0.350 Hz, 0.500 Hz) at one week intervals, with order randomized between subjects. Subjects were seated in the upright position, with motion through the X head body axis. RESULTS The mean (+/- S.D.) motion exposure time required to produce moderate nausea decreased significantly (p < 0.01) towards the lower frequency: 24.4 +/- 19.3 min. at 0.500 Hz, 12.0 +/- 9.5 min. at 0.350 Hz, 7.8 +/- 6.2 min. at 0.205 Hz. The linear fit of time (t) to nausea with frequency was -7.4 dB/octave. This was equivalent to a -3.7 dB/octave decrease of nauseogenic potential with increasing frequency, if t1/2 were to be used as in the standard "motion dose" models. The SGI was reported by 5/12 subjects (mean illusory tilting angles 16.2 degrees forward, 14.3 degrees back) but there was no relationship between SGI and motion frequency or motion sickness. CONCLUSIONS Horizontal motion with subjects seated upright was more nauseogenic than would be predicted by mathematical models based on vertical oscillation, and the relationship of frequency to nauseogenicity for horizontal motion was significantly less steep than that previously reported for vertical motion.
The maternal outcome in placenta accreta: the significance of antenatal diagnosis and non-separation of placenta at delivery.

AIM To evaluate the effects of antenatal diagnosis and subsequent placental non-separation at delivery on the maternal outcome in confirmed cases of placenta accreta. METHOD The perinatal database and medical records for women who delivered in the period 2000-6 in a teaching hospital in New Zealand with a diagnosis of placenta accreta or postpartum haemorrhage or hysterectomy were reviewed. In confirmed placenta accreta cases, the amount of blood loss and blood transfused at delivery and subsequent emergency hysterectomy were analysed in respect to the presence/absence of antenatal diagnosis and the management at delivery. RESULTS 16 women had placenta accreta confirmed (15 histologically and 1 visually). Antenatal diagnosis was made in 7 women, elective Caesarean delivery planned in all, hysterectomy to follow in 5 (4 elective, 1 emergency preterm), and elective placental separation in 2 women. When an antenatal diagnosis was not made (n=9), attempted placental separation led to emergency hysterectomy for all (p=0.001). Antenatal diagnosis and placental non-separation resulted in less mean blood loss (1.4 L vs 3.6 L, p=0.003; 1.0 L vs 3.4 L, p<0.001) and mean units of blood transfused (1.2 vs 5.1, p=0.005) in the latter. CONCLUSION In placenta accreta, antenatal diagnosis and avoidance of placental separation may result in better maternal outcome.
This land : politics, authority and morality after land reform in Zimbabwe

v Chapter One: Introduction . 1 From Farm Occupations to the FTLRP . 11 Land Reform: from Product to Process . 16 Research Methods . 17 Research Ethics . 24 Mazowe Exceptionalism . 26 Chapter Outline . 31 Chapter Two: Re-making Citizens, Re-making the State . 35 Colonial Legacies . 49 ‘Fast track’ Resettlement: a Problem of Belonging? 52 Belonging, Morality and Politics in Mazowe . 60 Noise and ‘Politics’ in Zimbabwe from 2009-2013 . 63 Chapter Three: The House . 70 Farms as Sedimented Landscapes . 72 Legal Frameworks around Houses on Farms . 75 Comboni: Houses in the Compound . 80 Maline: A1 Land Beneficiaries Houses . 90 What is a Farmhouse? 100 Conclusion . 105 Chapter Four: Kin and Labour . 110 From White Farmers to Land Beneficiaries . 111 Comboni as a Site of Immorality . 114 Case 1: The Idiom of Kin . 116 Case Two: Piecework (maricho) . 127 Case Three: Farmworkers Don’t Work Well with Others . 132 Conclusion . 139 Chapter Five: From Care to Disregard: Land Beneficiaries and the State . 142 What is Land in New Resettlement Areas? 145 What is an Offer Letter? 150 What is a Land Beneficiary? 154 The Dispute . 158 From Care to Disregard: a Shift in Tactics . 164 Conclusion . 167 Chapter Six: Traditional Authority in Mazowe . 170 Chiefs, Legitimacy and State-making . 174 Chiefs and Land Reform in Mazowe . 177 What is Traditional Authority? 180 A ‘Project of Return’ . 184 The ‘Politics’ of the Present . 188 Conclusion . 198 Chapter Seven: Making Community through a Customary Court . 200 Culture as Ideology . 201 The Structure of the Dare . 203 Creating Chiefly Subjects, Reinforcing State Exclusions . 210 ‘Be Logical. Stop Wasting Our Time! ’ . 217 ‘Don’t Be Like the Whites who Chop Trees’ . 221 ‘There is no Politics in the Dare’ . 225 Conclusion . 229 Chapter Eight: The Chief’s Two Funerals . 230 Bodies, Belonging and the Reproduction of Chiefly Authority . 233 Death, Funerals and Sovereign Perpetuity . 237 The Chief’s Public Funeral . 241 Conclusion . 254 Conclusion: Between Stability and Clarity. 256 Bibliography . 266
Caries Experience of Chinese Children with Cleft Lip and Palate

Objective This study evaluated the caries experience in the primary teeth of children with and without cleft lip and palate (CLP). Design Observational study. Setting Dental hospital clinic. Patients The sample consisted of 132 pairs of Chinese children with and without CLP matched by gender, age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Their ages were between 2 and 7 years. Methods The children were dichotomized into 2- to 4-year-old (n = 71) and 5- to 7-year-old groups (n = 61). The oral examination was performed by one trained and calibrated dentist, and the caries experience was determined using the dmft (decay missing filled teeth) index. Results For the 2- to 4-year-old group, the dmft values were 1.5 for the cleft group and 1.6 for the non-CLP group, but the difference was not statistically significant. For the 5- to 7-year-old group, the dmft indices were 5.2 for the cleft group compared with 2.9 for the control group; this difference was statistically significant (p = .0006). The caries rate for the various tooth types in the 5- to 7-year-old group was higher in the CLP group than in the non-CLP group; the most marked difference was for the lateral incisors, mandibular molars, and maxillary left first molars (p = .0001). Conclusions The 5- to 7-year-old children with CLP had a higher caries experience in the primary dentition than the children without CLP.