Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extract of Medicinal lapsi Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) exhibit antioxidant activities during in vitro studies

Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) fruit has a soft whitish sour flesh and green to yellow skin used to make pickles, fruit tarts and spicy candy in Nepal. The present study evaluated the antioxidant activity of the fruit of lapsi Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) In vitro using two different solvents: aqueous and ethanol. The antioxidant properties of the lapsi fruit extracts was quantified by the DPPH radical (2, 2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and the results showed that lapsi fruit possess a strong antioxidant power with higher percentage of inhibition of DPPH radical recorded in ethanolic extracts (98%), followed by ascorbic acid (95%) and aqueous extract (91%). The results clearly showed that lapsi fruits contain exploitable and potent antioxidant molecules, and could be promoted as a prospective dietary supplements and or Nutraceutical for both human and animal use.
Short story student-writers: active roles in writing through the use of e-portfolio dossier

This article reports the effects of using the genre-process approach and e-portfolio dossier to improve short story writing among senior year students from a state school in Bogota. This study originated from a need to generate student interest in the development of writing skills and to find instructional strategies that guide learners through each stage of the process. The results of data analysis from this study reveals significant improvements in students’ written production and the emergence of new roles among the learners: they evolved from a passive to an active status which enabled them to become planners, builders and reviewers of their own short story writing process. These new roles helped students reflect on their learning and become better decision makers and critical thinkers. Results from this study also validate the use of e-portfolio dossiers as an effective learning and assessment tool.
Capturing Modality Styles Using Behavioral Mixture Models and Longitudinal Data

Modality styles are defined as behavioral predispositions characterized by a certain mode or set of modes that an individual habitually uses. They are reflective of higher-level orientations, or lifestyles, that are hypothesized to influence all dimensions of an individual’s travel and activity behavior. The objectives of this paper are to understand and quantify different modality styles, and to show how the modality styles construct can be operationalized within the context of traditional travel demand models. We employ the six-week MOBIDRIVE travel diary and estimate behavioral mixture models in which the modality style provides a behavioral rationale to the way in which unobserved heterogeneity is specified in the travel model. Our analysis consists of two stages: First, we explore the presence and types of modality styles suggested by the data through the means of a descriptive analysis. Next, we develop a model that captures the influence of modality styles on two dimensions of an individual’s travel behavior: mode choice for work tours and mode choice for non-work tours. The modality styles are specified as latent classes; heterogeneity across modality styles include both the modes considered (choice set) and the values of taste parameters. The modality style of an individual then influences all of his/her mode choice decisions for work-tours and non-work tours. In addition, error components capture unobserved correlation between alternatives and across mode choice decisions made by the same individual. Our results from both stages indicate the presence of “quasi-unimodal auto” individuals who display a strong bias for using the automobile and “multimodal” individuals who exhibit variation in their modal preferences. Multimodal behavior is further distinguished by those whose auto use is minimal at best (termed “multimodal green”) and those who display significant auto use (“multimodal all”). These three modality styles comprise roughly equal segments within the sample population. The behavioral mixtures model provides a better fit to the data than other modeling approaches, such as random parameters. Moreover, by providing a behavioral underpinning to unobserved heterogeneity, it provides a richer and more robust framework for interpretation and policy analysis.
Application of a timber extraction vulnerability index in a Humid Tropical Forest

Although there is an increasing concern about the suitability of timber extraction in tropical forests, the vulnerability of tree populations to logging has been scarcely assessed. In an attempt to improve the management of natural forests in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica, I developed a vulnerability index considering ecological and socio - economical traits for 60 timber species consumed in local markets. In addition, I compared the timber harvest and economical profit between the traditional forest extraction scenario and the proposed assessment, which included harvest reduction for vulnerable and highly vulnerable species. The analysis of the species' ecological traits demonstrated that the floristic composition in the study area had a higher proportion of dioecious species than previous estimations in the area. Most of the tree species depend on vertebrates for seed dispersal and open areas for establishment. Most of them had a large geographic distribution with only eight endemic species to Costa Rica and only ten species qualified as highly-valuable wood. The assessment characterized 31 species as vulnerable and seven as highly vulnerable to timber extraction. Lower harvest rates for vulnerable species and no extraction for the highly vulnerable group would mean 16% reduction of the timber harvest in comparison with the traditional approach but almost 40% decrease on the net profit, highlighting the importance that vulnerable species have in forest management profitability.
MARS15 Code Developments Driven by the Intensity Frontier Needs

The MARS15(2012) is the latest version of a multi-purpose Monte-Carlo code developed since 1974 for detailed simulation of hadronic and electromagnetic cascades in an arbitrary 3-D geometry of shielding, accelerator, detector and spacecraft components with energy ranging from a fraction of an electronvolt to 100 TeV. Driven by needs of the intensity frontier projects with their Megawatt beams, e.g., ESS, FAIR and Project X, the code has been recently substantially improved and extended. These include inclusive and exclusive particle event generators in the 0.7 to 12 GeV energy range, proton inelastic interaction modeling below 20 MeV, implementation of the EGS5 code for electromagnetic shower simulation at energies from 1 keV to 20 MeV, stopping power description in compound materials, new module for DPA calculations for neutrons from a fraction of eV to 20-150 MeV, user-friendly DeTra-based method to calculate nuclide inventories, and new ROOT-based geometry. Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Presented paper at the 12 International Conference on Radiation Shielding, September 2-7, 2012, Nara, Japan mokhov@fnal.gov
Identifying possible sources of ammonium ions and arsenic in groundwater in the Nam Du area, Vietnam

Concentrations of arsenic and ammonium ions well above drinking water standards have been detected in aquifers which supply Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, with fresh water. Chemical analyses showed arsenic and ammonium ion concentrations varying between 27 – 264 μg/l in freshwater and 1.8 – 34.7 mg/l in groundwater. The current Vietnamese drinking water guidelines for arsenic and ammonium are set at 10 I¼g As/l and 1.5 mg NH4/l. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the fate of arsenic and nitrogen and the processes behind the mobilization of these elements in the Nam Du area, situated 10 km southeast of Hanoi. Two possible processes affecting the As concentration are investigated: (1) oxidation of arsenopyrite or (2) desorption of arsenite/arsenate bound to iron hydroxides due to iron reduction. Regarding ammonium ions, previous projects have identified two possible sources which were investigated further in this study: (a) mineralisation of organic matter in sedimentary peat layers and (b) ammonium ions derived from anthropogenic sources, such as fertilisers or leakage of waste water. The methods used in this study were: analyses of N-, O- and H-isotopes, the ionic composition and redox potential in the groundwater, combined with a conceptual model of the groundwater flow in the area. There were large spatial variations in ammonium and arsenic levels within the Nam Du area. According to tritium (3H) analyses the water was quite young, indicating recent mobilisation processes. The redox potential, pH and sulphate concentration in the water indicate that arsenic is mobilised by reduction of iron hydroxides rather than oxidation of arsenopyrite. Furthermore, the isotopic composition of N combined with increasing levels of ammonium ions over time, the C/N ratios and the age of the water, suggest that mineralisation of peat is not occurring to such an extent that this process could explain the currently high ammonium levels. The isotopic composition of the ammonium ions and the rising concentrations in the aquifers rather imply that the ammonium ions derive from one or several sources with a high 15N/14N ratio, such as waste water, organic fertilisers or urea.
The Boundary of the Farm: Homegrown versus Purchased Feed on Ontario Swine Farms

Transactions can be facilitated by mechanisms such as markets, contracts, and hierarchies. We treat the mechanisms as black boxes and depict the efficiency of each mechanism by the mean and variance of the output costs. The boundaries of livestock farms are measured by the percentage of homegrown feed in total feed requirement. A theoretical model is proposed which explains how farm boundaries are shaped by the efficiency of two alternative transaction-facilitating mechanisms: markets and hierarchies. Using tax file data from Ontario swine farms, this article analyzes the impact that mechanism efficiency has on farm boundaries. To identify the causal relationship, monthly CAD/USD exchange rates are used as the instrumental variable for corn prices in Ontario. The findings suggest that the boundaries of Ontario swine farms are not arbitrary, rather they are shaped by the relative efficiency of the mechanisms. It is estimated that if the average corn price were doubled, ceteris paribus, the average Ontario swine farmer would grow all required corn by themselves (i.e., the farm boundary is 100%). If the variance of corn prices were doubled, the average farm boundary would increase from 44% to 49.8%. The costs for doubling farm boundary are estimated to be C$9,841.
Phosphorus limitation and diel control of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea

Up to half of the annual new nitrogen inputs into the Baltic Sea originate from blooms of N2-fixing cyanobacteria. Estimates of the magnitude of this new nitrogen vary, partially because relatively few studies have investigated short-term changes in N2-fixation rates in response to environmental changes in situ, including phosphorus availability, one of the major factors limiting N2 fixation in the system. We examined cyanobacterial N2 fixation in response to phosphorus amend- ments over the diel cycle during 2002 and 2003 in the Baltic Sea, when both Nodularia spumigena and Aphanizomenon sp. formed blooms. Phosphorus stimulated N2 fixation in the open-sea areas in the Northern Baltic Proper and Gulf of Finland during both years. In microcosm experiments, both chlorophyll a concentration and N2 fixation were positively related to time (R 2 = 0.79 and 0.54, respec- tively) for at least 4.5 d after the P amendment. N2 fixation was enhanced up to 3-fold within 4.5 d by a single P pulse. N2 fixation continued in the dark at 16 to 61% of maximum rates during the day, and there were no consistent changes in nitrogenase enzyme abundance in response to darkness. Immunoblotting showed that N2 fixation is not regulated in response to darkness by size modi- fications of the Fe and MoFe proteins in N. spumigena or of the Fe protein of Aphanizomenon sp. Capability to fix N2 at high rates at night allows these cyanobacteria to maximize their utilization of periodic P pulses for subsequent growth.
Parameter analysis of PEM fuel cell hysteresis effects for transient load use

This paper focuses on the hysteresis effect of the polarization characteristics of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), mainly due to the compressor-air supply system dynamics. Indeed in PEMFC/ultracapacitor hybrid vehicles, fuel cells can be used to supply the low frequencies of the power demand only. First, the different parts of a FC system are described and modeled in order to analyze the transient stack performance decrease and to identify its main influential factors for automotive applications. Then, apart from humidity and temperature variations, each phenomenon is dynamically described, leading to a complete mathematical model based on macroscopic component parameters. Thus, an analytical model based on this set of equations enables us to draw the static voltage versus current FC characteristics. Furthermore, the hysteresis effect on the V-I curve, which still occurs during low dynamic responses, is shown while temperature and humidity are kept constant. Finally, dynamic responses of the Ballard PEMFC Nexa 1200 W generator are analyzed, and detailed experimentation and simulation are carried out for a large magnitude sinusoidal waveform at different frequencies.
CORRELATIONS OF UNCONSOLIDATED-UNDRAINED TRIAXIAL TESTS AND CONE PENETRATION TESTS

Unconsolidated-undrained (UU) triaxial and cone penetration test results were used to develop correlations between undrained shear strength and cone resistance for three soft to medium alluvial clays in the San Diego area. The cone factor relating the UU triaxial strength to the cone resistance, termed N sub kuu, had an average value and range of 11.0 plus or minus 2.0, 11.0 plus or minus 2.5, and 12.4 plus or minus 0.8 for the Lopez Ridge, Creekside Estates, and Rancho Del Oro sites in San Diego, respectively. A data base of additional values of N sub kuu was compiled from the literature for nonfissured, normally to lightly overconsolidated clays (overconsolidation ratios ranged from 1 to 5). The data base of N sub kuu values showed considerably less scatter than that observed in previous cone factors on the basis of field vane shear tests. The reduction in scatter is believed to be due to the uncertainty in interpreting vane shear tests and the repeatability of UU triaxial tests when high-quality samples are available.
A Study of Public Health Awareness among the Elderly in an Industrially Developing Country

Problem statement: The elderly in Industrially Developing Countries (IDC) may encounter problems regarding health. This research is to determine the common diseases or ailments experienced by adults over the age of 40. Approach: A sample of 150 respondents was taken from three states in Malaysia, an IDC. Demographic profiles such as age, gender and race were obtained and questions regarding attentiveness and awareness of health were asked. Four hypotheses were tested. Multiple regression analysis was employed to analyze the data. Results: The result showed 85.8% of respondents had one or more diseases. Among them, men and women had different diseases and different race had different disease. In addition, healthy lifestyle, good diet and weight management were determinants of health awareness. Conclusion: The results are very useful for health administrators to plan strategies to improve public health in Malaysia. The study can be replicated in other countries using the same method to derive similar benefits.
Processing coordinated structures in context: The effect of topic-structure on ambiguity resolution

When a sentence such as The model embraced the designer and the photographer laughed is read, the noun phrase the photographer is temporarily ambiguous: It can be either one of the objects of embraced (NP-coordination) or the subject of a new, conjoined sentence (S-coordination). It has been shown for a number of languages, including Dutch (the language used in this study), that readers prefer NP-coordination over S-coordination, at least in isolated sentences. In the present paper, it will be suggested that NP-coordination is preferred because it is the simpler of the two options in terms of topic-structure; in NP-coordinations there is only one topic, whereas S-coordinations contain two. Results from off-line (sentence completion) and online studies (a self-paced reading and an eye tracking experiment) support this topic-structure explanation. The processing difficulty associated with S-coordinated sentences disappeared when these sentences followed contexts favoring a two-topic continuation. This finding establishes topic-structure as an important factor in online sentence processing.
EFFECTS OF ENSILING DAB GRASS (DESMOSTACHYA BIPINNATA) WITH MAIZE AND DIFFERENT MOLASSES COMBINATIONS ON PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY IN GOATS

The study aims to determine the effects of preserving Dab grass (Desmostachya bipinnata) by mixing it with maize as silage, and its digestibility in small ruminants so that the low palatable grass can be utilized. Dab grass mixed with maize (ratio 1:3) was ensiled without molasses (control), or with 2, 4, and 6% molasses. The physical and nutritional properties of the prepared silage were determined. Twelve goats of Beetle breed (9 -12 months age, 35 - 40 kg body weight) were randomly divided into four groups and fed on the silage treatments. The 6% molasses treatment resulted in better (P< 0.05) physical and nutritional properties of the silage. The s ilage with 4% molasses had higher (P< 0.05) digestibility of organic matter and crude protein, while the silage with 6% molasses had higher (P< 0.05) digestibility of fiber and its fractions, compared with other treatments. The levels of lead in silage increased with increasing levels of molasses up to 53 mg/kg in the 6% molasses treatment. These results indicate d that addition of molasses improved the physical and nutritional properties of silage made from maize and less palatable Dab grass. It is therefore concluded that addition of a maximum of 4% molasses may be recommended, beyond which heavy metal toxicity may occur.
Interactive comment on “ Application of a global nonhydrostatic model with a stretched-grid system to regional aerosol simulations around Japan ” by D

[C1-1] This paper describes application of Stretch-NICAM-SPRINTERS to Kanto region in Japan. The stretched-grid system embedded in this models realizes more efficient simulations over target regions in finer resolutions. In addition, it is superior to general regional models because it does not need to apply a nesting technique and boundary conditions. It appears that Stretch-NICAM-SPRINTERS has a great possiC2412
Autoconcepto físico, percepción de salud y satisfacción vital en una muestra de adolescentes

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between physical self-concept, perceptions of health and life satisfaction in a sample of adolescents. Participants are 1648 adolescents from the city of Malaga (Spain) aged between 14 and 16 years. The measures used to assess the constructs are the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire (CAF; Goni, Ruiz de Azua & Rodriguez, 2006), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ; Goldberg, 1972, 1978) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985). The correlation and linear regression analyses show relationships between the study variables, highlighting that the variables that have the strongest association with life satisfaction are the physical attractiveness dimension and perceptions of health, both in the total sample and by gender. In addition, a complementary measure of general self-concept, which includes the CAF, also has a marked relationship with life satisfaction, but this association is stronger for girls than boys.
Respiratory Apnea in Patients with Acute Poisoning by Tramadol (Two Years Study)

Background: Tramadol is an analgesic drug being abused today a lot. Excessive ingestion will lead to hazardous complications such as convulsion and occasionally respiratory apnea. The aim of this study based on frequency respiratory apnea in patients with acute tramadol poisoning hospitalized in Farshchian Hospital of Hamadan, Iran from Jan 2014 to Dec 2015. Methods: All patients with tramadol poisoning who hospitalized and treated at poisoning ward were enrolled into the study. Their demographic data including age, gender, drug ingestion dose, and respiratory apnea leading to taking naloxone or intubation collected and analyzed statistically by SPSS software. Results: Overall, 350 patients aged between 14 to 68 yr old were investigated. About 75 of them were male and among them, 81.14 had deliberate self-poisoning. 4.86 developed apnea whose average tramadol consumption was 4158.83 mg. In patients who had not apnea, the average tramadol consumption was 122.38 mg, that was statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Conclusion: Although apnea development frequency in patients with excessive tramadol ingestion is rare, it is significant as a potentially life-threatening risk, occasionally ignored.
Goal Setting in Family Firms: Goal Diversity, Social Interactions, and Collective Commitment to Family–Centered Goals

Goal setting in family firms is very complex due to the interplay between family and business systems. However, this topic is largely overlooked in family business research. In this qualitative study of goals and goal formulation processes among 76 organizational members across 19 family firms, we identify goal diversity as a direct consequence of the overlap between the family, ownership, and business systems. We found that goal diversity is expressed more strongly in the proximity of generational transitions, triggering social interaction processes through which organizational members contrast their goals. Our findings suggest that different types of social interactions lead to different behaviors, with familial social interactions being more effective than professional social interactions in managing goal diversity toward the formation of collective commitment to family–centered goals.