Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Readmissions Following Inpatient Treatment for Opioid-Related Conditions

Abstract Background: Previous research suggests that relatively few hospitalized patients with opioid-related conditions receive substance use treatment during their inpatient stay. Without treatment, these individuals may be more likely to have subsequent hospitalizations for continued opioid use disorder. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between receipt of inpatient drug detoxification and/or rehabilitation services and subsequent opioid-related readmission. Methods: This study used combined hospital inpatient discharge and emergency department visit data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Our sample consisted of 329,037 patients from seven states with an opioid-related index hospitalization occurring between March 2010 and September 2013. Multivariate analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between opioid-related readmission and the receipt of inpatient drug detoxification and/or rehabilitation during the index visit. Results: A relatively small percentage (19.4%) of patients with identified opioid-related conditions received treatment for drug use during their hospital inpatient stay. Patients who received drug rehabilitation, but not drug detoxification, during an opioid-related index hospitalization had lower odds of an opioid-related readmission within 90 days of discharge (odds ratio = 0.60, 95% confidence interval = 0.54–0.67) compared with patients with no inpatient drug detoxification or rehabilitation. Conclusions/Importance: A low percentage of patients receive inpatient services for drug use during an index stay involving an opioid-related diagnosis. Our findings indicate that receipt of drug rehabilitation services in acute care hospitals is associated with a lower 90-day readmission rate. Further research is needed to understand factors associated with the receipt of inpatient services and readmissions.
Mutational screening of the SH3TC2 gene in Greek patients with suspected demyelinating recessive Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease reveals a varied and unusual phenotypic spectrum

Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 4 C (CMT4C) is an autosomal recessive form of demyelinating peripheral neuropathy caused by mutations in SH3TC2, characterized by early onset, spine deformities, and cranial nerve involvement. We screened SH3TC2 in 50 unrelated Greek patients with suspected demyelinating Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease and pedigree compatible with recessive inheritance. All patients had been previously screened for PMP22, GJB1, and MPZ mutations. We found five previously identified pathogenic mutations in SH3TC2 distributed among 13 patients in homozygosity or compound heterozygosity (p. Arg954Stop, Arg1109Stop, Gln892Stop, Ala878Asp, and Arg648Trp). Although most cases had early onset and spine deformities were almost omnipresent, a wide phenotypic spectrum was observed. Particularly notable were two siblings with Roussy‐Lévy syndrome and one patient with young‐onset trigeminal neuralgia. In conclusion, mutations in SH3TC2 are responsible for 26% of Greek patients with suspected CMT4, identifying CMT4C as the most common recessive demyelinating neuropathy in the Greek population, in accordance with other Mediterranean cohorts.
Psychotic experiences and subjective cognitive complaints among 224 842 people in 48 low- and middle-income countries

Abstract Aims Cognitive deficits are an important factor in the pathogenesis of psychosis. Subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) are often considered to be a precursor of objective cognitive deficits, but there are no studies specifically on SCC and psychotic experiences (PE). Thus, we assessed the association between SCC and PE using data from 48 low- and middle-income countries. Methods Community-based cross-sectional data of the World Health Survey were analysed. Two questions on subjective memory and learning complaints in the past 30 days were used to create a SCC scale ranging from 0 to 10 with higher scores representing more severe SCC. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to identify past 12-month PE. Multivariable logistic regression and mediation analyses were performed. Results The final sample consisted of 224 842 adults aged ⩾18 years [mean (SD) age 38.3 (16.0) years; 49.3% males]. After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, a one-unit increase in the SCC scale was associated with a 1.17 (95% CI 1.16–1.18) times higher odds for PE in the overall sample, with this association being more pronounced in younger individuals: age 18–44 years OR = 1.19 (95% CI 1.17–1.20); 45–64 years OR = 1.15 (95% CI 1.12–1.17); ⩾65 years OR = 1.14 (95% CI 1.09–1.19). Collectively, other mental health conditions (perceived stress, depression, anxiety, sleep problems) explained 43.4% of this association, and chronic physical conditions partially explained the association but to a lesser extent (11.8%). Conclusions SCC were associated with PE. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand temporal associations and causal inferences, while the utility of SCC as a risk marker for psychosis especially for young adults should be scrutinised.
Tobacco and Alcohol Use Among Youth in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Multi-Country Analysis on the Influence of Structural and Micro-Level Factors

Abstract Background: The transition from adolescence to adulthood is a critical life phase as it is during this period that substance use and disorders typically emerge and escalate. Globally, few studies have examined the prevalence and correlates of alcohol and tobacco use among youth (ages 15–24). This study seeks to bridge this gap by assessing the influence of structural and micro-level factors on tobacco and alcohol use among youth in Low- and Middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: Data are drawn from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) conducted in 29 countries or regions in Eastern Europe, Latin America, Asia and Africa between 2010 and 2015. Analyses focus on lifetime prevalence and age of onset for tobacco and alcohol use. Results: Descriptive analyses highlight regional variations in the prevalence and age of onset of tobacco and alcohol use: tobacco use is more concentrated among youth in Eastern Europe but alcohol use is generalized across the regions. Using multi-level analyses, we find statistically significant main effects for age, gender, educational attainment, rural residence, marital status and exposure to mass media on tobacco and alcohol use outcomes as well as interaction effects for age, gender and education on tobacco and alcohol use outcomes. Conclusions/importance: These findings highlight the need for structural interventions to control tobacco social marketing, and for gender considerations in tobacco and alcohol use prevention programs and policies.
Effects of lamotrigine and Sodium Valporate on Experimental Epileptic Mother Albino Rat and Their Pups

Abstract Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases, affecting at least 50 million people worldwide. The present study aims to assess the effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs); lamotrigine and valporate in epileptic mother rat and their pups. Ninety-eight pregnant albino rats of Wistar strain weighing approximately 125 g B.wt. were used in the present work and ar-ranged into six groups; control , Experiomental epilepsy, lamotrigine or valporate (50 mg /Kg body weight every other day from 6th day of gestation untill parturition) and epilepsy with either lamotrigine or valporate (50 mg / Kg body weight). Epilepsy was induced at 6th day of gestation by interperitoneal injection (i.p) with pilocarpine (375 mg/kg body weight). Maternal body weight gain was determined during gestation. Histological and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was carried for maternal liver, kidney and femoral bone. The thickness of epiphyseal cartilage was determined in control and different experimental groups. The incidence of aborted mother, number of pups , body weight of pups and pattern of congenital abnormalities were determined. The present work revealed that the applied AEDs caused marked pathological alterations in maternal tissues, including femoral chondrodystrophy, hepatitis and nephrotoxicity parallel with a decrease of maternal body weight gain during gestation and increased incidence of abortion. The maternal histological abnormalities were reflected on the growth of pups leading to a de-crease in the numbers of pups parallel with retardation of their growth. The epileptic rats alone or receiving the used AEDs drugs showed low rates of teratogenicity. Conclusion: The authors concluded that epilepsy and AEDs enhanced maternal hepato-& nephrotoxicity which intern influenced on femoral bone dystrophy and the growth of pups.
Assessment of the Right and Left Atrial Functions at Midterm After Surgical and Device Atrial Septal Defect Closure: A 2‐Dimensional Speckle‐Tracking Echocardiographic Study

The available literature lacks data on the comparison of the functions of the right atrium (RA) and left atrium (LA) between surgical atrial septal defect (ASD) closure and percutaneous device ASD closure at follow‐up durations of longer than 1 year. We sought to evaluate the RA and LA functions in patients who underwent surgical or device ASD closure between 1 and 5 years postprocedurally.
Applications of the Speed–Accuracy Trade-off and Impulse-Variability Theory for Teaching Ballistic Motor Skills

ABSTRACT Bridging the gap between innovative research and teaching is a fundamental necessity for physical education practitioners to promote motor skill development and competency. This requires practitioners to understand, synthesize, and appropriately apply relevant research from different academic domains in their instructional environments. Ballistic motor skills such as kicking, throwing, and striking are fundamentally integrated into many games and sports and provide a foundation for physical activity and fitness for children and adults. Unfortunately, many individuals do not attain a high level of competence in these types of skills by adolescence. The purpose of this review is to integrate theory, pedagogical best practices, and current evidence on studies relating to Fitts’ Law’s application of the speed–accuracy trade-off and impulse-variability theory to provide an evidence-based framework for promoting effective instructional environments for learning ballistic motor skills.
Expression of Histidine Decarboxylase and Its Roles in Inflammation

Histamine is a well-known mediator of inflammation that is released from mast cells and basophils. To date, many studies using histamine receptor antagonists have shown that histamine acts through four types of receptors: H1, H2, H3, and H4. Thus, histamine plays more roles in various diseases than had been predicted. However, our knowledge about histamine-producing cells and the molecular mechanisms underlying histamine production at inflammatory sites is still incomplete. The histamine producing enzyme, histidine decarboxylase (HDC), is commonly induced at inflammatory sites during the late and chronic phases of both allergic and non-allergic inflammation. Thus, histamine levels in tissues are maintained at effective concentrations for hours, enabling the regulation of various functions through the production of cytokines/chemokines/growth factors. Understanding the regulation of histamine production will allow the development of a new strategy of using histamine antagonists to treat inflammatory diseases.
Carcass, Non- Carcass Traits and Meat Biochemical Characteristics of Local Rabbits Under Tropical Conditions Of Sudan

The present study was conducted to document the carcass traits and meat biochemical properties of Sudanese local rabbits. A total of 17 rabbits (males and females) of 3 age categories (3, 4 and 12 months) were examined for live weight, empty carcass weight, dressing percentage, neck and shoulder, ribs, loin and rump cuts. The meat biochemical traits were protein, moisture and ash contents. The current values of these parameters were found to vary considerably from those reported previously. This research work may provide baseline information for future study on local Sudanese rabbits.
Continuous glucose monitoring as a screening tool for neonatal hypoglycemia in infants of diabetic mothers

Abstract Objective: To assess the plausibility of using the continuous glucose monitoring as a sole source of data for the screening of the neonatal hypoglycemia. Study design: Infants of mothers with diabetes were screened for neonatal hypoglycemia (less than 2.5 mmol/l after 4 h of life). Initial measurement was performed using point of care analyzer. We applied continuous glucose monitoring system subsequently. Infants were monitored up to 5 days or until discharge. Results: Out of 32 infants 11 had postnatal hypoglycemia resolved within 12 h of life. Two infants had hypoglycemia found due to continuous glucose monitoring after 24 h of life when sufficient feeding was established and they did not show any signs of hypoglycemia. We did not have any false negative measurements. No infant showed clinical signs of neonatal hypoglycemia. Conclusions: Continuous glucose monitoring is plausible and safe to use for screening of neonatal hypoglycemia. It operates well within the range that is accepted as safe for neurodevelopment. In addition, it can be used after first day of life where regular screening ends. Limitation of this method is possible alarm negligence of caregivers.
Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention and bypass surgery for left main coronary artery disease: an analysis from the EXCEL trial.

OBJECTIVES Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is often favoured over coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery for revascularization in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We studied whether COPD affected clinical outcomes according to revascularization in the Evaluation of XIENCE Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Effectiveness of Left Main Revascularization (EXCEL) trial, in which PCI with everolimus-eluting stents was non-inferior to CABG for the treatment of patients with left main coronary artery disease and low or intermediate SYNTAX scores. METHODS Patients with a history of COPD were propensity score matched to those without COPD. Outcomes at 30 days and 3 years in both groups were compared in patients randomized to PCI versus CABG. RESULTS COPD status was available for 1901 of 1905 randomized patients (99.8%), 148 of whom had COPD (7.8%). Propensity score matching yielded 135 patients with COPD and 675 patients without COPD. Patients with COPD had higher 3-year rates of the primary composite end point of death, myocardial infarction or stroke (31.7% vs 14.5%, P < 0.0001), death (17.1% vs 7.5%, P = 0.0005) and myocardial infarction (18.3% vs 7.3%, P < 0.0001), but not stroke (3.3% vs 2.9%, P = 0.84). There were no statistically significant interactions in the relative risks of PCI versus CABG for the primary composite end point in patients with and without COPD at 30 days [hazard ratio (HR) 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.12-1.21 vs HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.29-1.06; Pinteraction = 0.61] or at 3 years (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.46-1.56 vs HR 1.28, 95% CI 0.84-1.94; Pinteraction = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS In the EXCEL trial, COPD was independently associated with poor prognosis after left main coronary artery disease revascularization. The relative risks of PCI versus CABG at 30 days and 3 years were consistent in patients with and without COPD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER http://www.clinicaltrials. gov; NCT01205776.
Effects of dynamic feeding low‐ and high‐methionine diets on the variation of glucose and lipid metabolism‐related genes in the liver of laying hens

ABSTRACT We examined the effects of dynamic feeding low‐ and high‐methionine diets on the transcriptional level of glucose and lipid metabolism‐related genes in the liver of laying hens. A total of 180 laying hens (Brown Hy‐line, 41 wk old) were exposed to 16 h of light and 8 h of darkness with lights on at 06:00 h local time (Zeitgeber time [ZT] 0) and allocated into 3 equal groups with 6 replicates. The control group was fed a 0.30% methionine diet. The low‐high (LH) group was fed 0.27% methionine diet at ZT1.5 and 0.33% methionine diet at ZT8.5. The feeding regime in high‐low (HL) group was opposite to that of the LH group. After 10 wk, a total of 108 hens (6 hens/group/time point) were randomly and equally selected for further analysis. Blood and liver tissues were collected at ZT21.5, ZT1.5, ZT5.5, ZT9.5, ZT13.5, and ZT17.5. The results showed that the serum ALP activity in the HL group was the highest at ZT9.5 and ZT13.5, and that the serum glucose content in the HL group was lowest at ZT21.5 compared to the other 2 groups (P < 0.05). The mesors, amplitudes, and acrophases of the cosine curves for the CLOCK, BMAL1, CRY1, PER2, and PER3 genes were altered in the LH and HL groups. G6PC3, PCK2, GPAT, INSIG2, FASN, ACACA, ACOX1, HMGCR, LDLR, and PPARA expression in the liver were affected by the feeding regime at some time point (P < 0.05). Two‐way analysis of variance comparisons showed some significant effects of time on the mRNA expression of G6PC3, G6PC2, PCK2, FBP1, FBP2, GCK, GYS2, FASN, GPAT, HMGCR, LDLR, ACC, SREBP2, and INSIG1 (P < 0.05). Moreover, different feeding regimes significantly affected the expression of FASN, GPAT, HMGCR, LDLR, ACACA, SREBP1, and INSIG1 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dynamical feeding low‐ and high‐methionine diets affected the variation of serum ALP and glucose levels, as well as the mRNA expression of circadian clock‐ and glucose and lipid metabolism‐related genes in the liver of laying hens.
Cross-species hybridization and the origin of North African date palms

Significance Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest tree crop species in the world and is a major fruit crop of arid regions of the Middle East and North Africa. We use whole-genome sequence data from a large sample of P. dactylifera and its wild relatives to show that hybridization between date palms and Phoenix theophrasti Grueter—a species endemic to the Eastern Mediterranean—is associated with the diversification of date palm. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a major fruit crop of arid regions that were domesticated ∼7,000 y ago in the Near or Middle East. This species is cultivated widely in the Middle East and North Africa, and previous population genetic studies have shown genetic differentiation between these regions. We investigated the evolutionary history of P. dactylifera and its wild relatives by resequencing the genomes of date palm varieties and five of its closest relatives. Our results indicate that the North African population has mixed ancestry with components from Middle Eastern P. dactylifera and Phoenix theophrasti, a wild relative endemic to the Eastern Mediterranean. Introgressive hybridization is supported by tests of admixture, reduced subdivision between North African date palm and P. theophrasti, sharing of haplotypes in introgressed regions, and a population model that incorporates gene flow between these populations. Analysis of ancestry proportions indicates that as much as 18% of the genome of North African varieties can be traced to P. theophrasti and a large percentage of loci in this population are segregating for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are fixed in P. theophrasti and absent from date palm in the Middle East. We present a survey of Phoenix remains in the archaeobotanical record which supports a late arrival of date palm to North Africa. Our results suggest that hybridization with P. theophrasti was of central importance in the diversification history of the cultivated date palm.
Family Care of Schizophrenia: A Problem-solving Approach to the Treatment of Mental Illness

In the ongoing search for causes for schizophrenia, focus on the harmful effects of critical or rejecting family members and deviant communication patterns has obscured the potentially beneficial role of many families in providing support for their schizophrenic relatives. Falloon and his colleagues have developed a model for the broad-based community treatment of schizophrenia and other severe forms of mental illness that taps this underutilized potential. Their exposition of the family care model, coupled with case studies and results from a controlled outcome study, reveal the family to be an important resource in the community management of mental illness.
State of Type 1 Diabetes Management and Outcomes from the T1D Exchange in 2016-2018.

OBJECTIVE To provide a snapshot of the profile of adults and youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the United States and assessment of longitudinal changes in T1D management and clinical outcomes in the T1D Exchange registry. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data on diabetes management and outcomes from 22,697 registry participants (age 1-93 years) were collected between 2016 and 2018 and compared with data collected in 2010-2012 for 25,529 registry participants. RESULTS Mean HbA1c in 2016-2018 increased from 65 mmol/mol at the age of 5 years to 78 mmol/mol between ages 15 and 18, with a decrease to 64 mmol/mol by age 28 and 58-63 mmol/mol beyond age 30. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) HbA1c goal of <58 mmol/mol for youth was achieved by only 17% and the goal of <53 mmol/mol for adults by only 21%. Mean HbA1c levels changed little between 2010-2012 and 2016-2018, except in adolescents who had a higher mean HbA1c in 2016-2018. Insulin pump use increased from 57% in 2010-2012 to 63% in 2016-2018. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) increased from 7% in 2010-2012 to 30% in 2016-2018, rising >10-fold in children <12 years old. HbA1c levels were lower in CGM users than nonusers. Severe hypoglycemia was most frequent in participants ≥50 years old and diabetic ketoacidosis was most common in adolescents and young adults. Racial differences were evident in use of pumps and CGM and HbA1c levels. CONCLUSIONS Data from the T1D Exchange registry demonstrate that only a minority of adults and youth with T1D in the United States achieve ADA goals for HbA1c.
The Influence of Capsaicin on the Integrity of Microvascular Endothelial Cell Monolayers

Microvascular endothelial cells are an essential part of many biological barriers, such as the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the endothelium of the arteries and veins. A reversible opening strategy to increase the permeability of drugs across the BBB could lead to improved therapies due to enhanced drug bioavailability. Vanilloids, such as capsaicin, are known to reversibly open tight junctions of epithelial and endothelial cells. In this study, we used several in vitro assays with the murine endothelial capillary brain cells (line cEND) as a BBB model to characterize the interaction between capsaicin and endothelial tight junctions.