Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Dual Monetary Policy in Promoting Price Stability in Indonesia

Sejak diberlakukannya sistem perbankan ganda di Indonesia tahun 1998, Bank Indonesia mempunyai mandate baru untuk mengatur perbankan konvensional dan Islam di Indonesia dengan memberlakukan kebijakan moneter ganda untuk mencapai dan menjaga tujuan utama Bank Indonesia: Stabilitas harga. Dengan merekonstruksi model konseptual yang didasarkan pada Ascarya (2011), tulisan ini ditujukan untuk menguji secara empiris apakah penerapan kebijakan moneter ganda efektif untuk memastikan stabilitas harga yang tercermin dari inflasi yang rendah dan nilai tukar yang stabil. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah Vector Autoregressions (VAR) Model untuk memberikan gambaran atas respon inflasi terhadap guncangan yang berasal dari kedua intrumen moneter tersebut. Hasil dari studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan moneter konvensional secara umum—ketika dibandingkan dengan kebijakan moneter Islam—membuat ketidakstabilan pada tingkat harga disebabkan penerapan sistem uang kertas selama ini yang sangat rentan terhadap krisis, sebagai konsekuensinya akan meningkatkan tingkat harga. lebih lanjut, sistem hutang, pasar uang antar bank dan fractional reserve banking yang semuanya sangat bergantung pada sistem bunga telah menyebabkan gejolak pada tingkat harga di Indonesia. Sebaliknya, gunjangan dari kebijakan moneter Islam terbukti mampu menodorong kestabilan harga karena semua instumen tersebut mampu menekan gejolak yang terjadi pada inflasi. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; text-align:center; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
A teleost androgen promotes development of primary ovarian follicles in coho salmon and rapidly alters the ovarian transcriptome†

Abstract Recent studies using several teleost models have revealed that androgens increase the size of previtellogenic (primary and/or early secondary) ovarian follicles. To explore our hypothesis that androgens drive the development of primary follicles into early secondary follicles, and to determine the mechanisms underlying these androgenic effects, we exposed juvenile coho salmon to nearphysiological and relatively sustained levels of the nonaromatizable androgen 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT). This resulted in significant growth of primary ovarian follicles after 10 and 20 days, with follicles after 20 days displaying a morphological phenotype characteristic of early secondary follicles (presence of cortical alveoli). Utilizing the same experimental approach, we then analyzed how 11-KT rapidly altered the ovarian transcriptome after 1 and 3 days of treatment. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that 69 (day 1) and 1,022 (day 3) contiguous sequences (contigs) were differentially expressed relative to controls. The differentially expressed contigs mapped to genes including those encoding proteins involved in gonadotropin, steroid hormone, and growth factor signaling, and in cell and ovarian development, including genes with putative androgen-response elements. Biological functions and canonical pathways identified as potentially altered by 11-KT include those involved in ovarian development, tissue differentiation and remodeling, and lipid metabolism. We conclude that androgens play amajor role in stimulating primary ovarian follicle development and the transition into secondary growth. Summary Sentence In vivo treatment of coho salmon with the androgen, 11-ketotestosterone, dramatically alters the ovarian transcriptome during primary oocyte growth, and promotes the completion of primary ovarian follicle growth.
Cholesterol Is Required for Endocytosis and Endosomal Escape of Adenovirus Type 2

ABSTRACT The species C adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) and Ad5 bind the coxsackievirus B Ad receptor and αv integrin coreceptors and enter epithelial cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. This pathway is rapid and efficient. It leads to cell activation and the cholesterol-dependent formation of macropinosomes. Macropinosomes are triggered to release their contents when incoming Ad2 escapes from endosomes. Here, we show that cholesterol extraction of epithelial cells by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (mβCD) treatment reduced Ad5-mediated luciferase expression ∼4-fold. The addition of cholesterol to normal cells increased gene expression in a dose-dependent manner up to threefold, but it did not restore gene expression in mβCD-treated cells. mβCD had no effect in the presence of excess cholesterol, indicating that the inhibition of gene expression was due specifically to cholesterol depletion. Cholesterol depletion inhibited rapid Ad2 endocytosis, endosomal escape, and nuclear targeting, consistent with the notion that clathrin-dependent endocytosis of Ad2 is cholesterol dependent. In cholesterol-reduced cells, Ad2 internalized at a low rate, suggestive of an alternative, clathrin-independent, low-capacity entry pathway. While exogenous cholesterol completely restored rapid Ad2 endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and macropinosome disruption, it did not, surprisingly, restore viral escape from endosomes. Our results indicate that macropinosome disruption and endosomal escape of Ad2 are independent events in cells depleted of and then refilled with cholesterol, suggesting that viral escape from endosomes requires lipid-controlled membrane homeostasis, trafficking, or signaling.
The Effects of Politicization on Performance: The Mediating Role of HRM Practices

Since politicization persists, threatening public sector governance and management, there is a need to further understand this phenomenon and its consequences. Previous empirical studies conducted predominantly in the United States have found a negative impact of politicization on performance; however, the reasons behind this relationship remain elusive. In this article, we inquire into the effect of politicization on organizational performance, and we propose that such influence can be explained by a deterioration of human resource management (HRM) practices. Using data from a national survey of municipal managers and mayors in Chile, our results confirm the negative impact of politicization on the performance of public agencies, which is partially mediated by politicization’s deleterious effect on their HRM practices.
In the Shadow of Shadow Banking

Introducing shadow banks into the economy lowers the money supply measured as the sum of cash and deposits, while the amount of payment liquidity does not decrease as long as the liabilities of shadow banks remain fully liquid. At the same time, the total amount of credit available to firms increases with the size of shadow banks which lend to firms without the restriction of reserve requirement. The credit-to-payment ratio determines the equilibrium investment level. The expansion of credit liquidity brought by shadow banks might cause over-investment, and this cannot be rectified by raising reserve requirement, which would actually drive more fund flows to shadow banks. Frictions in the shadow banking system reduce both payment liquidity and credit liquidity, and the impact on investment and social welfare is uncertain.
Voluntary disclosures and market response to earnings announcements

Purpose Investigate the impact of voluntary disclosure on (a) information asymmetry between investors, and (b) the average information content of subsequent the earnings announcement. Design/methodology/approach Empirical methodology using multiple regression analysis to estimate models of, first, trading volume and, second, stock returns around the earnings release date as a function of a measure of voluntary disclosures using information in the 8-K statements. Findings Voluntary disclosures prior to the earnings release date increase trading volume related to stock returns. In addition, voluntary disclosures also reduce stock price movement around that date. Research limitations/implications The results indicate that voluntary disclosures increase trading volume related to stock returns around the earnings release date. Such increases indicate increased differential precision among investors, demonstrating that voluntary disclosures increase differences in opinion among investors. The reduced stock pric.
The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns: New Evidence from an Emerging Market

ABSTRACT Over 300 factors have been found to explain the cross-section of expected stock returns. Empirical studies also show that findings from multifactor asset-pricing models have not been consistent in an emerging market. Using DuPont analysis and a residual income valuation model for 284 nonfinancial companies on Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange during the period 2008–2014, findings suggest that the return on equity and its change are informative for stock returns in Vietnam. In addition, the level of capital turnover, financial cost ratio (FCR), and changes in capital and in the FCR contain incremental explanatory power for stock returns.
Seasonal variation in stroke mortality rates

Objective: To identify possible contributors to the seasonal variation in stroke mortality. Background: Stroke and respiratory disease mortality rates were calculated from vital statistics and census data for the United States from 1938 to 1988. State-specific average temperatures by month were derived from data obtained from the National Climatic Data Center for 1938 to 1987. Methods: Each time series was decomposed into a trend, a seasonal effect, and a residual effect. Multiple regression was used to fit both a trend and a seasonal harmonic series. Cross-correlation was used to assess the relationship between the residual time series. Results: There is a strong and consistent seasonal pattern of high stroke and respiratory disease mortality in the colder winter months. Stroke mortality was significantly and independently both positively associated with respiratory disease mortality and inversely associated with temperature. The sharp initial increases in both respiratory disease and stroke mortality in the late fall and early winter are synchronous, and the amplitudes are strongly associated, except for a saturation effect with extreme respiratory disease amplitudes. Conclusions: Seasonal change in stroke mortality is associated with seasonal variation in both respiratory disease and temperature. Respiratory disease and temperature may influence stroke mortality nonspuriously by affecting stroke case fatality, incidence, or both.
Movement skills and physical activity in obese children: randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Hunter Illawarra Kids Challenge Using Parent Support physical activity program in overweight children. METHODS A multisite randomized controlled trial was conducted with three intervention arms: 1) child-centered physical activity skill development program (Activity), 2) parent-centered dietary modification program (DIET), or 3) both programs combined (PA+DIET). Movement skill proficiency, perceived athletic competence, accelerometer-assessed physical activity, and parent-reported time spent in screen behaviors were assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months in 165 prepubertal children aged 5.5-9 yr (59% girls, 78% obese). Differences in changes in outcomes between groups were assessed using linear mixed models. RESULTS Compared with the diet group, the activity group (mean (95% confidence interval): +7.7 units (3.8-11.6 units)) and the activity + diet group (+6.7 units (2.9-10.5 units)) displayed 11%-13% greater improvement in overall movement skill proficiency (gross motor quotient) at 6 months. Perceived athletic competence increased across groups at follow-up (across groups: 6 months = +0.21 units (0.11-0.31 units), 12 months = +0.21 units (0.07-0.35 units)). Groups did not differ statistically for change in physical activity outcomes. Total screen time (min·wk(-1)) decreased in all groups at 6 months (across groups: -385.4 (-501.0 to -269.8)) and in the activity group (-261.8 (-470.5 to -53.1)) and activity + diet group (-340.5 (-534.6 to -146.4)) at 12 months. The diet group reported greater reductions in TV or DVD viewing time at 6 months compared with the activity group (248.6 (24.0-473.3)). CONCLUSIONS The activity and the activity + diet programs were efficacious in improving overweight children's movement skill proficiency. All programs were efficacious in reducing time spent in screen behaviors. Other correlates may need to be targeted in addition to movement skills to increase physical activity among overweight children.
Food reinforcement, energy intake, and macronutrient choice.

BACKGROUND Food is a powerful reinforcer that motivates people to eat. The relative reinforcing value of food (RRV(food)) is associated with obesity and energy intake and interacts with impulsivity to predict energy intake. OBJECTIVE How RRV(food) is related to macronutrient choice in ad libitum eating tasks in humans has not been studied; however, animal research suggests that sugar or simple carbohydrates may be a determinant of reward value in food. This study assessed which macronutrients are associated with food reinforcement. DESIGN Two hundred seventy-three adults with various body mass indexes were assessed for RRV(food), the relative reinforcing value of reading, food hedonics, energy intake in an ad libitum taste test, and usual energy intake derived from repeated 24-h dietary recalls. Multiple regression was used to assess the relation between predictors of total energy and energy associated with macronutrient intake after control for age, sex, income, education, minority status, and other macronutrient intakes. RESULTS The results showed that the relative proportion of responding for food compared with reading (RRV(prop)) was positively related to body mass index, laboratory-measured energy intake, and usual energy intake. In addition, RRV(prop) was a predictor of sugar intake but not of total carbohydrate, fat, or protein intake. CONCLUSION These results are consistent with basic animal research showing that sugar is related to food reward and with the hypothesis that food reward processes are more strongly related to eating than are food hedonics. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00962117.
Leveraging Common Ground: Improving International and Domestic Students’ Interaction Through Mutual Engagement

Leading institutional pedagogies and practices tend to approach increasing international student populations from a deficit-based model, which focuses on the adaptation, acculturation, and assimilation of international students to the dominant host culture. We believe a better approach to improve international and domestic students’ interaction is to move to models of mutual engagement. In this article, as practitioners, we explore four common grounds that seem to be producing positive engagements: common experience, cultural celebrations, faith, and common challenges, in which students are encouraged to meaningfully engage with each other as equals in a spirit of mutuality. The resulting discussion explores how each contributes to a culture of collaboration within institutional departments while improving and enriching the interactions between all students.
Decreased mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids in pregnant mice: Possible relevance to development of acute fatty liver of pregnancy

Severe impairment of the β‐oxidation of fatty acids, as a consequence of a single factor or a combination of different causes, leads to microvesicular steatosis of the liver. In an effort to understand the mechanism(s) leading to the development of acute fatty liver of pregnancy in some women, we determined the effects of pregnancy on the mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids in mice. In vivo, the rate of oxidation of the whole fatty‐acid chain length was determined by measuring the rate of exhalation of [14C]CO2 after intragastric administration of a tracer dose of [U‐14C]palmitic acid. [14C]CO2 exhalation was not significantly decreased at 14 days of gestation, but it had declined by 40% at 18 days of gestation (i.e., 24 to 48 hr before delivery). The rate of first β‐oxidation cycle was assessed by measuring the rate of [14C]CO2 exhalation after administration of [1‐14C]octanoic acid, [1‐14C]butyric acid or [1‐14C]palmitic acid. [14C]CO2 exhalation had declined by 60%, 46%, and 24% after administration of [1‐14C]octanoic acid, [1‐14C]butyric acid and [1‐14C]palmitic acid, respectively, in 18‐day‐pregnant mice. Total hepatic lipids and triglycerides, expressed per gram of liver, remained unchanged in 18‐day‐pregnant mice. In vitro, the rate of mitochondrial β‐oxidation (expressed per milligram of protein) had decreased by 47% at 18 days' gestation with [U‐14C]palmitic acid as substrate and by 33% with [1‐14C]octanoic acid but remained unchanged with [1‐14C]palmitic acid. The activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, assessed by the formation of [14C]CO2 from [1‐14C]acetic acid, had decreased by 24%. We conclude that the mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids decreased during late‐term pregnancy in mice as a consequence of both decreased mitochondrial β‐oxidation of medium‐chain fatty acids, and decreased activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. We suggest that this effect, in combination with other factors, may contribute to the development of fatty liver of pregnancy in some pregnant women. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;17:628–637.)
Prolactin and Parental Behavior in Adélie Penguins: Effects of Absence from Nest, Incubation Length, and Nest Failure

Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) males and females, nesting in Antarctica, alternate attendance at the nest with absences of many days to forage at sea. We investigated the importance of tactile input from egg and chicks on prolactin levels by observing nest attendance patterns and obtaining blood samples (1) during the first nest exchange of the incubation stage, (2) from birds whose incubation period was artificially increased or decreased by about 10 days, and (3) from birds whose nests had failed. Prolactin levels in females after 8 to 11 days of absence from the breeding colony did not differ from those in incubating males and did not change after females resumed incubation. Moving eggs between nests resulted in nests in which chicks hatched after about 26, 36 (normal), or 46 days. Duration of incubation did not affect prolactin levels in the parents measured during incubation, at the pip stage, hatch stage, or early brood stage. Adults first left their chicks unguarded on about the same calendar date, regardless of chick age. However, chicks from long incubation nests averaged 8 days younger when they were left unguarded than chicks from control or short-incubation nests. In females, there was no effect of nest failure on prolactin levels. In males, prolactin levels were slightly lower after nest failure than in males tending nests. Testosterone was significantly higher in males after nest failure than in males still tending nests. Prolactin is elevated in Adélie penguins as part of the program of cyclical hormonal changes that accompany the lengthy reproductive season and is relatively independent of tactile input. Sustained prolactin secretion is probably required for the maintenance of parental behavior in offshore feeding species that must be absent from the nest for many days at a time.
Efficacy and Safety of Using Air Versus Alkalinized 2% Lignocaine for Inflating Endotracheal Tube Cuff and Its Pressure Effects on Incidence of Postoperative Coughing and Sore Throat

Background and Objective: We wished to compare the endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff pressure inflated with air or alkalinized lignocaine during anesthesia and evaluate clinical symptoms such as coughing and sore throat (postoperative sore throat [POST]) following tracheal extubation. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled study conducted in a tertiary care set up over a period of 1 year. We included 100 patients in age group of 18–65 years posted for elective surgeries of duration more than 90 min under general anesthesia with N2O-O2mixture. Patients were randomized using computer-generated randomization table into air and lignocaine group. The ETT cuff was inflated with air or alkalinized lignocaine (2% lignocaine with 7.5% sodium bicarbonate, in the proportions of 19.0:1.0 ml) to the volume that prevented air leak using cuff pressure manometer. After extubation, an independent observer blinded to study group recorded the presence or absence of coughing and POST at immediately, 1 h and 24 h postoperatively. Results: Demographic data, baseline characteristics (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, intracuff volume/cuff pressure at start of surgery), and duration of anesthesia were comparable among study groups (P > 0.05). Cuff pressure and volume achieved in the end of surgery were much higher in air group as compared to lignocaine group (P < 0.05). Incidence of coughing and POST at immediately, 1 h and 24 h postoperatively was significantly higher in air group compared to lignocaine group. Impact of duration of anesthesia on rise in cuff pressure was significantly higher in air group and its effect on cuff-induced laryngotracheal morbidity was significant in both air and lignocaine group. Conclusion: This study showed the significance of use of alkalinized 2% lignocaine in prevention of rise of cuff pressure and incidence of coughing and POST. Duration of anesthesia has also a significant effect on incidence of postoperative trachea-laryngeal morbidity.
Expression feature of CD3, FcɛRIγ, and Zap-70 in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Abstract In leukemia patients, T-cell function has been suppressed with the disease progress. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are all to a degree immunodeficient. In order to elucidate the feature of T-cell receptor signal transduction in CLL, the expression levels of CD3γ, δ, ɛ, and ζ chain, FcɛRIγ, and Zap-70 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction with SYBR Green technique was used for detecting the gene expression level in PBMCs from 13 patients with CLL, 13 healthy individuals, and 10 B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL) served as control. The β2-microglobulin gene was used as an endogenous reference. Relative mRNA expression level of genes was analyzed by using the 2−ΔCt × 100% method. Significant lower expression levels of CD3γ, ɛ, and ζ chain genes, as well as FcɛRIγ gene were found in CLL samples. Moreover, there was lost the negative correlation of the expression levels between CD3ζ and FcɛRIγ genes. The expression level of Zap-70 in CLL was lower than those from healthy controls, while higher than those from B-ALL group. There was no significant correlation between the expression levels of CD3ζ and Zap-70 genes neither in the healthy group nor in the CLL group. In conclusion, the results provide a global gene expression profile of CD3γ, δ, ɛ, and ζ chains, and the CD3ζ-related genes FcɛRIγ and Zap-70 in CLL. Deficiency of these gene expression levels might represent the feature related to T-cell immunodeficiency. The study might contribute to better understand the cellular immune features in CLL patients.