Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on Factors Associated with the Rise in Grade of Nursing Management Fee among Korean Hospitals

Hyun-Min Choi, Nam-Kyung Han, Sang-Kyu Lee, Han-Sung Kim, Sungkyoung Choi, Woojin Chung Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul; Department of Nursing, Kimcheon Science College, Kimcheon; Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School; Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service; Department of Medical Law and Ethics, Yonsei University Graduate School; Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
HR Practices and Employees Retention, an empirical analysis of Pharmaceutical sector of Pakistan

The purpose of this research is to know the impact of Human Resources practices (Fairness of rewards and Growth opportunities) on Employee Retention, considering Perceived Organizational Support as a mediating variable. This research was conducted on employees of pharmaceutical sector of Pakistan. Primary data was collected through questionnaires, which were floated among 100 employees of pharmaceutical sector. SPSS software was used to find out the results. To figure out the association between variables, Regression analysis was considered. The results indicated that both the Hr Practices (FOR & GO) are significantly related with employee retention with POS as a mediating variable. Employees who are getting FOR and GO remain loyal to the organization for much of their life. If the employees are well rewards they tend to think that their contribution is being considered and valued. Although the impact of Hr practices on employee retention has been examined before but it has not been investigated in Pakistani context, especially in pharmaceutical sector.
ON OPTIMAL CONTROL OF ELLIPTIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH STATE AND MIXED CONTROL-STATE CONSTRAINTS

Many technical processes and phenomena in the natural sciences can be described by partial differential equations (PDEs). Some examples are the motion of fluids, the distribution of heat, the propagation of sound and electromagnetic waves, the progress of chemical reactions, the behavior of quantum physical particles, or the growth of crystals. Aside from their simulation by numerical methods, one is often interested in the optimization of such processes, e.g., in order to gain control over the system’s behavior, to improve the material quality of an industrial product, or for economical reasons. These considerations lead to optimization problems for PDEs and in particular to optimal control problems for PDEs, where the sought-after optimization quantity is an unknown function.
A radio-coverage prediction model in wireless communication systems based on physical optics and the physical theory of diffraction [Wireless Corner]

In this paper, a two-dimensional (2D) simulation method for the calculation of radio coverage in urban-area sites is presented, based on the analytical methods of physical optics (PO) and the physical theory of diffraction (PTD). The method takes into account the electromagnetic field at the receiving antenna due to first- and higher-order propagation mechanisms. Emphasis is given on the computation of the scattered near or Fresnel-zone field using numerical techniques, since in a typical urban environment, the scattered near or Fresnel-zone field occupies a large percentage of the area under investigation. The high resolution radio-coverage plots are computed by complex vector addition of all of the received signals for several values of the channel parameters. Finally, a comparison of the radio-coverage results obtained through this method with the corresponding results based on different electromagnetic methods and measurements, previously published in the literature, is presented.
Consumer ethnocentrism measurement ‐ An assessment of the reliability and validity of the CETSCALE in Spain

Before the CETSCALE can be used as a measure of consumer ethnocentrism on an international basis, it is necessary to assess its validity and reliability in as many countries and different conditions as possible. In this sense, the main purpose of this paper is to validate the CETSCALE as a measure of Spanish consumers’ ethnocentric tendencies. This was achieved by means of confirmatory factor analysis. We adopted a competing models strategy. Initially, two alternative models were formulated: a single‐factor model and a two‐factor model. Since both models equally fit the empirical data and after carrying out an in‐depth analysis of the estimated parameters, we considered a third model with two uncorrelated factors. After estimating this new model, the goodness‐of‐fit indices indicated a poor fit compared to the one‐factor model, therefore proving that the scale measures a unidimensional construct and that the measurement error is quite acceptable.
Comparative performance of urinary lipoarabinomannan assays and Xpert MTB/RIF in HIV-infected individuals

Background:Xpert MTB/RIF (‘Xpert’) and urinary lipoarabinomannan (LAM) assays offer rapid tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, but have suboptimal sensitivity when used individually in HIV-positive patients. The yield of these tests used in combination for the diagnosis of active TB among HIV-infected TB suspects is unknown. Design:Study of comparative diagnostic accuracy nested into a prospective study of HIV-infected individuals with signs and/or symptoms of TB in Uganda. Methods:Xpert testing of archived sputum was conducted for culture-confirmed TB cases and TB suspects in whom a diagnosis of TB was excluded. Additional testing included sputum smear microscopy, sputum culture (solid and liquid media), mycobacterial blood culture, and urinary testing for LAM using a lateral flow test (‘LF-LAM’) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbance assay (‘ELISA-LAM’). Results:Among 103 participants with culture-confirmed TB, sensitivity of Xpert was 76% (95% confidence interval, CI 0.66–0.84), and was superior to that of LF-LAM (49%, 95% CI 0.39–0.59, P < 0.001). Specificity was greater than 97% for both tests among 105 individuals without TB. The combination of smear microscopy and LF-LAM identified 67% (95% CI 0.57–0.76) of culture-confirmed TB cases and approached sensitivity of Xpert testing alone (P = 0.15). The sensitivity of the combination of Xpert and LF-LAM was 85% (88/103 95% CI 0.77–0.92), which was superior to either test alone (P < 0.05) and approached sensitivity of sputum liquid culture testing (94%, 95% CI 0.88–0.98, P = 0.17). Conclusion:Sputum Xpert and urinary LAM assays were complementary for the diagnosis of active TB in HIV-infected patients, and sensitivity of the combination of these tests was superior to that of either test alone.
Accelerated internationalisation: evidence from a late investor country

Purpose – Recent studies are trying to adapt the explanation of the internationalisation process to new environmental conditions. This paper aims to offer evidence of the existence of a group of firms that use a speeded‐up internationalisation process.Design/methodology/approach – Cluster analysis and logit regressions are used on a sample of 271 Spanish export firms.Findings – The results obtained support the claim that substantial differences do exist between fast and gradual internationalising firms. The firms included in the more international active group are characterised by: a proactive attitude on the part of managers with regard to internationalisation activities, a strategy based on marketing differentiation advantages and strong relationships with clients and suppliers, which encourage or facilitate their international activities.Practical implications – The results may favour reflection upon what are the most important factors for achieving an active, international strategy and how to respond .
A PILOT BETA‐CAROTENE INTERVENTION TRIAL WITH INUITS USING SMOKELESS TOBACCO

The frequency of exfoliated cells with micronuclei (MNC) was used to estimate the genotoxic effect of smokeless tobacco (snuff) on the oral mucosa and to follow the response to the administration of beta‐carotene (180 mg/week, given twice weekly in 6 capsules of 30 mg each). The pilot trial was carried out with Inuits in Gjoa Haven, Northwest Territories, Canada. Their traditional diet, which is rich in caribou and seal meat and liver but low in vegetables and fruits, leads to “normal” serum levels of retinol (447 ng/ml in non‐users of tobacco and 463 ng/ml in tobacco users) but low levels of beta‐carotene (57 ng/ml for non‐users of tobacco and 47 ng/ml for users). Prior to the twice‐weekly administration of beta‐carotene, the frequency of MNC was 1.87% ± 0.92 (n =23) in the mucosa of the lower gingival groove where the tobacco was usually kept. It decreased significantly (P<0.001) to 0.74% ± 0.42 following the 10‐week oral administration of beta‐carotene capsules. The frequency of MNC did not change significantly in the group receiving a placebo and in snuff users who received no treatment over the 10‐week trial period. The size and morphological appearance of the typical snuff‐related, whitish, wrinkled patches of the mucosa where the tobacco was kept was not affected by the 10‐week treatment with beta‐carotene. Similarly, no reduction was observed in the frequency of anucleated, exfoliated mucosa cells. Beta‐carotene appears to be an efficient inhibitor of MNC in the oral mucosa of snuff users who do not suffer from any vitamin A deficiency and who have “normal” levels of retinol.
The Variety of CEO Experience and the CEO-Firm Match: Evidence from CEO Employment History

We examine the relation between CEO employment history and the CEO-firm match. CEOs that have worked for more employers (varied-experience CEOs) match with firms that have poor performance, face revenue shocks, offer risk-sensitive compensation, and have smaller and more independent boards. When matched to these firms, varied-experience CEOs improve firm value and operating performance, increase firm volatility and are more likely to change firm policies and asset structure. Our results shed light on the efficacy of the CEO-firm match and suggest that varied-experience CEOs are most valuable when there is a need to change the direction of the firm. JEL classification: G32; G30, G35; J6;
From Motivation to Store Choice: Exploring Northwest Chinese Consumers' Shopping Behavior

Although China has become the largest consumer market in the world, there is limited research on Chinese consumers’ shopping behavior, particularly shoppers in the inland China. This study explores the shopping experiences of consumers from Northwest China. In-depth interviews reveal that the participants are much more than functional shoppers as they also shop to satisfy personal and social needs. In addition, they use merchandise, store and service criteria to choose among retail stores. The study contributes to the literature on Chinese consumers’ store patronage behavior and provides valuable insights for retailers aiming to explore the Northwest Chinese market.
The Association between Smoking Abstinence and Mortality in the National Lung Screening Trial.

RATIONALE Smoking is the largest contributor to lung cancer risk, and those who continue to smoke after diagnosis have a worse survival. Screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) reduces mortality in high-risk individuals. Smoking cessation is an essential component of a high-quality screening program. OBJECTIVES To quantify the effects of smoking history and abstinence on mortality in high-risk individuals who participated in the NLST (National Lung Screening Trial). METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (NLST). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Measurements included self-reported demographics, medical and smoking history, and lung cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. Cox regression was used to study the association of mortality with smoking status and pack-years. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were examined for differences in survival based on trial arm and smoking status. Current smokers had an increased lung cancer-specific (hazard ratio [HR], 2.14-2.29) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.79-1.85) compared with former smokers irrespective of screening arm. Former smokers in the control arm abstinent for 7 years had a 20% mortality reduction comparable with the benefit reported with LDCT screening in the NLST. The maximum benefit was seen with the combination of smoking abstinence at 15 years and LDCT screening, which resulted in a 38% reduction in lung cancer-specific mortality (HR, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.76). CONCLUSIONS Seven years of smoking abstinence reduced lung cancer-specific mortality at a magnitude comparable with LDCT screening. This reduction was greater when abstinence was combined with screening, highlighting the importance of smoking cessation efforts in screening programs.
Evaluation of Relationship Between Demographics and Dental Status in a Defined Group of Iranian Paediatric Patients Undergoing Cancer Therapy.

CONTEXT Cancer is a major cause of death in children under 15 years of age. AIMS This study aimed to evaluate relationship between demographics and dental status in a defined group of Iranian paediatric patients undergoing cancer therapy. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This cross-sectional study was accomplished on 161 subjects age ranging 8-12 years. There were 76 cancerous patients hospitalized at Mahak Hospital (one of the major children's cancer centers in Tehran) as the study group and 85 healthy children attending at Dental School, International Branch of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from 2012 to 2013. MATERIALS AND METHODS Demographics were gathered by using data-form. Oral examination and DMFT Index were used to describe teeth status in all teeth and in the first permanent molars. According to Becker's definition, "D" stands for untreated decayed teeth, "M" indicates missing teeth, and "F" shows Filled teeth. It is noteworthy that full coverage crowns are considered as "F" in this Index. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, Student's t-tests and Logistic Regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS The most frequent type of cancer was acute lymphoblastic/lymphocytic leukemia (33.3%). Patients were significantly shorter than controls (p=0.03), and their fathers and mothers were of lower educational achievement (p=0.01, p= 0.001). Although DMFT of all dentition showed significantly higher score in cancerous children (p=0.001), DMFT of four first permanent molars (left, right, upper, and lower) was borderline significantly higher in patients (p= 0.06). Moreover, frequency of cancer was borderline significantly higher in children with lower birth order (p= 0.05). According to Logistic Regression, in as much as patients grew elder 1 year, DMFT index increased 1.5 units. CONCLUSION Patients under cancer therapy were shorter than healthy ones, and their parents were of lower educational levels. In addition, their teeth status was poorer than controls.
Genotypes of ITS region of rRNA in Microcystis (Cyanobacteria) populations in Erhai Lake (China) and their correlation with eutrophication level

Previous studies on spatiotemporal changes of Microcystis genotypes have shown that the existence and succession of dominant genotypes always occur in eutrophicated freshwater bodies. However, few studies have focused on the correlation between genotype composition and eutrophication level. In the present study, clone libraries of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rrn operon were sequenced from Microcystis populations in Erhai Lake, a subtropical plateau lake in the preliminary eutrophication stage. The genotype composition of the Microcystis populations was highly variable at spatiotemporal scales, and 473 ITS genotypes were identified from the 800 ITS sequences obtained. However, no significantly dominant ITS genotypes existed in the lake. Comparison of Erhai Lake with four major lakes in China, namely, Taihu, Chaohu, Gucheng, and Shijiu Lakes, showed that the Microcystis ITS genotypes and genetic diversity were negatively correlated with eutrophication level. Extensive comparison of the Microcystis ITS genotypes from waters worldwide revealed that 440 ITS genotypes were unique to Erhai Lake, and no obvious phylogenetic correlations can be detected among the dominant genotypes from different water bodies. The high genetic diversity of the Microcystis populations in Erhai Lake may have resulted from the effect of the early stage of eutrophication.
Rabies – epidemiology, pathogenesis, public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control: a comprehensive review

ABSTRACT Rabies is a zoonotic, fatal and progressive neurological infection caused by rabies virus of the genus Lyssavirus and family Rhabdoviridae. It affects all warm-blooded animals and the disease is prevalent throughout the world and endemic in many countries except in Islands like Australia and Antarctica. Over 60,000 peoples die every year due to rabies, while approximately 15 million people receive rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) annually. Bite of rabid animals and saliva of infected host are mainly responsible for transmission and wildlife like raccoons, skunks, bats and foxes are main reservoirs for rabies. The incubation period is highly variable from 2 weeks to 6 years (avg. 2–3 months). Though severe neurologic signs and fatal outcome, neuropathological lesions are relatively mild. Rabies virus exploits various mechanisms to evade the host immune responses. Being a major zoonosis, precise and rapid diagnosis is important for early treatment and effective prevention and control measures. Traditional rapid Seller's staining and histopathological methods are still in use for diagnosis of rabies. Direct immunofluoroscent test (dFAT) is gold standard test and most commonly recommended for diagnosis of rabies in fresh brain tissues of dogs by both OIE and WHO. Mouse inoculation test (MIT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are superior and used for routine diagnosis. Vaccination with live attenuated or inactivated viruses, DNA and recombinant vaccines can be done in endemic areas. This review describes in detail about epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, advances in diagnosis, vaccination and therapeutic approaches along with appropriate prevention and control strategies.
Effect of disk fenestration on sagittal kinematics of the canine C5-C6 intervertebral space.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect that ventral intervertebral disk fenestration has on the sagittal range of motion about the C5-C6 intervertebral space. STUDY DESIGN A repeated measures in vitro mechanical study of spinal range of motion under controlled loading conditions before and after fenestration. SAMPLE POPULATION A total of 10 canine cervical vertebral specimens (C4-C7) collected from clinically normal animals within 12 hours of euthanasia. METHODS Specimens were loaded as cantilever beams fixed at C7. Weights (1 to 5 kg) were progressively applied to C4 to produce flexion or extension in the sagittal plane. Radiographs were taken at each load, 3 times before and 3 times after fenestration of the C5-C6 disk. The positions of radiodense markers embedded in the vertebrae were used to calculate flexion and extension angles and range of motion. RESULTS Range of motion (difference between flexion and extension) and flexion and extension angles (individually) significantly increased after fenestration (P < .0001). CONCLUSION Ventral fenestration produces sagittal instability of the C5-C6 disk space. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In surgical fusion of caudal cervical intervertebral spaces in dogs, radiographically normal disks adjacent to the affected space are often fenestrated to facilitate distraction before surgical stabilization. This study shows that ventral fenestration produces instability of a caudal cervical intervertebral space in the model used. Such instability may contribute to the development of the secondary instability ("domino lesions") seen in some surgically treated dogs.
Gabapentin Increases Slow‐wave Sleep in Normal Adults

Summary: Purpose: The older antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have a variety of effects on sleep, including marked reduction in rapid‐eye‐movement (REM) sleep, slow‐wave sleep (SWS), and sleep latency, and an increase in light sleep. The effects of the newer AEDs on sleep are unknown. Our purpose was to study the effect of gabapentin (GBP) on sleep.
Measuring the Job Satisfaction Level of the Academic Staffin Bahawalpur Colleges

This purpose of this study is to inspect job satisfaction level of academic staffin Bahawalpur. Important factors that have an impact on job satisfaction level are work itself, pay, promotion opportunities, working conditions, job security and coworkers. A sample of 108 teachers is selected by stratified random sampling from the five Government Colleges of Bahawalpur. Simple percentages indicate that academic staff of the colleges is more satisfied with the work itself, pay, working conditions, job security and coworkers and less satisfied with the promotion opportunities.
Round-robin test on repetitive PD inception voltage of twisted-pairs

Six laboratories in Japan have performed round-robin test (RRT) on measurement of repetitive PD inception voltage (RPDIV) under well-controlled experimental condition. They used common twisted-pair sample, common impulse generator and common data sheet with normalized air pressure and temperature. Scatterings of data were small except in relative humidity. Stability of PD occurrences against repetitive impulses was investigated using all record of PD data stored in PC. This paper reports the test procedures and the results of the RRT for RPDIV measurement.
Consumer Moments of Truth In the Digital Context

ABSTRACT The consumer purchasing journey has evolved. The current paper revisits the practitioner-led “Moments of Truth” model used by a number of successful multinationals (initially Procter & Gamble and subsequently Google). “Moments of Truth” (MOT) describe key instances of contact between a potential customer and a brand. The new model integrates variables such as shared brand experience and searchable electronic word of mouth (e-WOM). This short paper establishes the cycle of e-WOM influence as recommendations are shared and searched among digitally connected consumers, and explains how marketers can successfully manage these MOTs.
How Do Venture Capitalists Choose Investments

In this paper, we consider how venture capitalists (VCs) choose or screen their investments by studying the contemporaneous investment analyses produced by 10 venture capital firms for investments in 42 portfolio companies. Consistent with most academic and anecdotal accounts, we find that it is common for VCs to consider explicitly the attractiveness of the opportunity – the market size, the strategy, the technology, customer adoption, and competition – the management team, and the deal terms. We also provide evidence on how the venture capitalists expect to monitor those investments. In at least half of the investments, the VC expects to play an important role in recruiting management. Finally, we complement the investment analyses with information from the financial contracts for the investments and consider the relation of the analyses with the contractual terms and with subsequent performance. In both analyses, the evidence suggests that the VC’s initial appraisal of the management team is important. Stronger management teams obtain more attractive contracts and are more likely to take their companies public.