Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glomerulonephritis â Do We Have Promising Role of Monoclonal Antibodies

In present era, drugs like steroids, cytotoxic drugs and calcineurin inhibitors are the backbone to treat immune mediated glomerular diseases. Failure of these therapies often results in persistence of proteinuria, refractory illness and later chronic kidney diseases. The quests to find an answer to such diseases have resulted in the introduction of monoclonal antibodies or target specific drugs. Rituximab is the first monoclonal antibody, which was studied extensively in pauci-immune glomerulonephritis and is now approved for its role in refractory and new onset renal vasculitis. Belimumab has shown role in active systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). With increasing insight in glomerular pathophysiology, many new monoclonal antibodies are now being under trial. Their encouraging results allowed further research on target cytokines, inflammatory mediators and different lymphocyte populations. This review shall discuss monoclonal and their emerging role in glomerulonephritis.
Electrochemical Assessment of Amperometric Oxidability Level in Water Pollution Monitoring

Three types of electrodes were obtained and characterized in order to use for detection of some electrochemical oxidable organics conventionally considered responsabile in COD parameter evaluation: electrodes based on undoped and Co-doped lead dioxide, electrodeposited from slight acidic solutions on stainless steel support; electrodes based on copper/copper oxides obtained in situ in alkaline medium by potential cycling between the selected potential values or by polarization to a fixed potential value. The electrochemical and un-electrochemical characterization of the obtained electrode materials was studied. Detection experiments and calibration tests provided informations regarding: amperometric detection type, detection potential value, amperometric oxidability level (AOL), electrode sensitivity, concentration ranges, stability, reproducibility of signal, detection limits, and lifetime.
MODELING OF MIXED LIQUOR VOLATILE SUSPENDED SOLIDS AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR A SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR

This study examined carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous removal from municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor and biokinetic coefficients were evaluated according to results of BOD and COD. Furthermore, the MLVSS in the aeration reactor was modeled by using multilayer perceptron and radial basis function artificial neural networks (MLPANN and RBFANN). The experiments were performed so that the cell retention time, filling time and intensity of aeration were (5, 10 and 15 d), (1, 2 and 3 h) and (weak, medium and strong) respectively. The result indicated that with cell retention time of 15 d, filling time of 1 h, aeration time of 6 h and settling time of 3 h the HRT is optimized at 10 h. The BOD5, COD, TP, TN and N NH 4   removal efficiencies were 97.13%, 94.58%, 94.27%, 89.7% and 92.75% respectively. The yield coefficient (Y), decay coefficient (Kd), maximum specific growth rate (K) and saturation constant (Ks) were 6.22 mgVSS/mgCOD, 0.002 1/d, 0.029 1/d and 20 mg COD/L according to COD experimental data. The values of the biokinetic coefficients were found to be as follows: Y = 10.45 mgVSS/mgBOD, Kd = 0.01 1/d, 0.014 1/d and 3.38 mgBOD/L according to BOD5 experimental data. The training procedures for simulation of MLVSS were highly collaborated for both RBFANN and MLPANN. The train and test models for both MLPANN and RBFANN demonstrated perfectly matched results between the experimental and the simulated values of MLVSS. The values of RMSE for train and test (verification) models obtaine d by MLPANN were 31.82 and 40.25 mg/L respectively, and the value of R 2 was 0.99 for both models. The values of RMSE for train and test models obtained by RBFANN were 69.04 and 43.87 mg/L respectively, and the value of R 2 was 0.99 for both models. It was observed that the MLPANN has stronger approximation and generalization ability than the RBFANN with regard to our experimental data for MLVSS.
In vitro exposure to isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol by direct deposition and its effects on COX-2 and IL-8 gene expression

Abstract. Atmospheric oxidation of isoprene, the most abundant non-methane hydrocarbon emitted into Earth's atmosphere primarily from terrestrial vegetation, is now recognized as a major contributor to the global secondary organic aerosol (SOA) burden. Anthropogenic pollutants significantly enhance isoprene SOA formation through acid-catalyzed heterogeneous chemistry of epoxide products. Since isoprene SOA formation as a source of fine aerosol is a relatively recent discovery, research is lacking on evaluating its potential adverse effects on human health. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of isoprene-derived SOA on inflammation-associated gene expression in human lung cells using a direct deposition exposure method. We assessed altered expression of inflammation-related genes in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) exposed to isoprene-derived SOA generated in an outdoor chamber facility. Measurements of gene expression of known inflammatory biomarkers interleukin 8 (IL-8) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in exposed cells, together with complementary chemical measurements, showed that a dose of 0.067 µg cm−2 of SOA from isoprene photooxidation leads to statistically significant increases in IL-8 and COX-2 mRNA levels. Resuspension exposures using aerosol filter extracts corroborated these findings, supporting the conclusion that isoprene-derived SOA constituents induce the observed changes in mRNA levels. The present study is an attempt to examine the early biological responses of isoprene SOA exposure in human lung cells.
EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION OF DAIRY FACTORY EFFLUENT ONTO LAND ON SOIL PROPERTIES

EXTENDED ABSTRACT The dairy industry is a major source of food processing wastewater. Dairy factory effluent (DFE) contains a high organic load due to the presence of diluted milk/milk products and also contains significant quantities of cleaning products such as NaOH, NaOCl and H3PO4. The effluent therefore has a high content of Na and phosphate as well as soluble organic matter. It is often irrigated onto land used for dairy production that surrounds factories. Analysis of soils from field sites receiving long-term applications of DFE showed a large accumulation of exchangeable Na and extractable P, a loss in exchangeable Mg and a decrease in soil aggregate stability (caused by the dispersive effects of Na). DFEirrigated soils also had increased microbial biomass C and N and basal respiration but there was no change in organic C content compared to unirrigated controls. The widespread accumulation of Na and P in soils under DFE irrigation has led some environmental agencies to suggest that NaOH as a cleaning agent should be replaced by KOH and H3PO4 by HNO3 or an organic acid such as CH3COOH. A short-term incubation experiment compared the effects of addition of synthetic DFE containing H3PO4, HNO3 and CH3COOH and it showed that, irrespective of acid source, DFE irrigation caused an accumulation of exchangeable soil Na, a loss of exchangeable soil Ca and significant increases in microbial biomass C and basal respiration. Where H3PO4 was the acid source, P accumulated in the surface soil. Due to the introduction of an additional C source, the use of CH3COOH resulted in a higher soil microbial biomass than the other two acids. A 16-week greenhouse study was carried out to compare the effects of irrigation with synthetic DFE containing H3PO4/NaOH, H3PO4/HNO3/NaOH or CH3COOH/KOH on soil properties. The cumulative effect of DFE addition was to increase exchangeable Na, K, Ca, Mg, exchangeable Na percentage, microbial biomass and basal respiration in the soil. Replacement of NaOH with KOH resulted in a greatly increased accumulation of exchangeable K in the soil. The effect of added NaOH and KOH on promoting breakdown of soil aggregates during wet sieving was, however, similar. Growth of ryegrass was increased by additions of DFE other than that containing CH3COOH. It was concluded that replacement of H2PO4 by HNO3 is a viable alternative but that CH3COOH can have phytotoxic effects. Replacement of NaOH with KOH lowers the likelihood of phytotoxic effects of Na but K and Na have similar effects on dispersion and disaggregation. Fortunately, the high organic matter content of pasture soils means they are highly stable so dispersion does not usually occur.
Strongly correlated multiparticle transport in one dimension through a quantum impurity

We consider the transport properties of multiple-particle quantum states in a class of one-dimensional systems with a single quantum impurity. In these systems, the local interaction at the quantum impurity induces strong and nontrivial correlations between the multiparticles. We outline an exact theoretical approach, based upon real-space equations of motion and the Bethe ansatz, that allows one to construct the full scattering matrix (S matrix) for these systems. In particular, we emphasize the need for a completeness check upon the eigenstates of the S matrix, when these states obtained from Bethe ansatz are used for describing the scattering properties. As a detailed example of our approach, we solve the transport properties of two photons incident on a single two-level atom, when the photons are restricted to a one-dimensional system such as a photonic crystal waveguide. Our approach predicts a number of nonlinear effects involving only two photons, including background fluorescence, spatial attraction and repulsion between the photons, as well as the emergence of a two-photon bound state.
Effectiveness of Sclerotherapy with Ethanol Amine Oleate in Benign Oral and Perioral Vascular Lesions

Background: Vascular lesions presentation very with age & anatomical location. There are no parameters to assess its therapeutic efficacy. Objective: This prospective experimental study was designed to find out the effectiveness of Sclerotherapy with Ethanol Amine Oleate in the treatment of Benign Oral and Perioral Vascular Lesions. Methods: In this study, 32 patients, aged 1½ to 40 years with oral and perioral vascular lesions were included. Diagnosis was made by accurate history, clinical examination and in some cases Color Doppler examination, MRI and/or Angiogram were done for confirmation. Intralesional injection of Ethanol Amine Oleate was given at an interval of 2weeks between each session. Photographs were also taken during subsequent session to document the effect of injection. Results: At 8weeks after the final Sclerotherapeutic session, the results were graded as: Excellent: for extinguished and symmetrical appearance obtained; Good: for definitive reduction obtained; Fair: for slight reduction obtained and Poor: for lesion unchanged or worsened. Results with grades, excellent and good are considered effective. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated 8 weeks after the final Sclerotherapeutic session. Out of 32 patients, 34.4% had excellent result, 53.1% had good result, 6.3% had fair result and 6.3% had poor result. Conclusion: Sclerotherapy with Ethanol Amine Oleate is a safe and less invasive method with minimal risk to the patient. It can be the treatment of choice for symptomatic Vascular lesions. Key words: Vascular Lesions (VLs); Sclerotherapy; Ethanol Amine Oleate (EAO). DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v4i2. 8641 BSMMU J 2011; 4(2):110-115
Train Commuters' Scheduling Preferences: Evidence from a Large-Scale Peak Avoidance Experiment

We study the trip scheduling preferences of train commuters in a real-life setting. The underlying data have been collected during large-scale peak avoidance experiment conducted in the Netherlands, in which participants could earn monetary rewards for traveling outside peak hours. The experiment included ca. 1000 participants and lasted for multiple months. Holders of an annual train pass were invited to join the experiment, and a customized smartphone app was used to measure the travel behavior of the participants. We find that compared to the pre-measurement, the relative share of peak trips decreased by 22% during the reward period, and by 10% during the post-measurement. By combining multiple complementary data sources, we are able to specify and estimate (MNL and panel latent class) departure time choice models. These yield plausible estimates for the monetary values that participants attach to reducing travel time, schedule delays, the number of transfers, crowdedness, and unreliability.
Measles, One of the Re-emerging Diseases

Objective: The aim of the study is to stand out the measles which is a highly contagious re-emerging viral illness and may cause severe complications in susceptible population. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on patients who were diagnosed with measles in the department of Infectious Diseases, Erciyes University Hospital, between January 2013 and February 2014. The diagnosis of measles was confirmed by measles specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody positivity in serum samples. Results: Nine patients were included the study. Three patients had a co-morbid condition including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, pregnancy and diabetes mellitus. Four of the patients had hepatitis and one of them had pneumonia as a complication. Conclusion: Susceptible population, especially immunocompromised people are still at risk about measles. Adherence to universal vaccination programs is determinative in terms of breaking out of an outbreak. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2016;6(1): 19-22 Key words: Measles, immune-suppression, adult, outbreak
Microresonator soliton dual-comb imaging

Fast-responding detector arrays are commonly used for imaging rapidly-changing scenes. Besides array detectors, a single-pixel detector combined with a broadband optical spectrum can also be used for rapid imaging by mapping the spectrum into a spatial coordinate grid and then rapidly measuring the spectrum. Here, optical frequency combs generated from high-$Q$ silica microresonators are used to implement this method. The microcomb is dispersed in two spatial dimensions to measure a test target. The target-encoded spectrum is then measured by multi-heterodyne beating with another microcomb having a slightly different repetition rate, enabling an imaging frame rate up to 200 kHz and fillrates as high as 48 MegaPixels/s. The system is used to monitor the flow of microparticles in a fluid cell. Microcombs in combination with a monolithic waveguide grating array imager could greatly magnify these results by combining the spatial parallelism of detector arrays with spectral parallelism of optics.
Further Reflections on Disentangling Shape and Level Effects in Person-Centered Analyses: An Illustration Exploring the Dimensionality of Psychological Health

Morin and Marsh (2015) proposed a methodological framework to disentangle shape and level effects in latent profile analyses. We discuss limitations of this framework (based on a logic similar to that of higher-order measurement models), and suggest that these limitations are easily solved by a more thorough examination of the variable-centered measurement models underlying profile indicators. This study presents complementary variable- and person-centered approaches aiming to assess the dimensionality of psychometric constructs. Psychometric measures often assess separate conceptually-related facets of global overarching constructs, based on the assumption that these overarching constructs exist as global entities including specificities mapped by the facets. The framework proposed here explicitly models this dimensionality in both variable- and person-centered analyses. To illustrate this revised psychometric framework, we use ratings of psychological health collected from 1,232 teachers, and show how this revised framework provides a clearer picture of teachers’ profiles of psychological health.
A comparison of global marine surface‐specific humidity datasets from in situ observations and atmospheric reanalysis

The accurate estimation of near‐surface marine‐specific humidity is necessary for climate and air–sea interaction applications. Available estimates of monthly mean‐specific humidity spanning the past 50‐years are based on a variety of sources including in situ observations, atmospheric reanalyses and datasets that blend many different data sources. Eight specific humidity datasets are compared and little consensus emerges as to mean values, regional variations and changes over time. For large area averages the datasets do show consistency in their interannual variations and, in the Extratropics, in their seasonal cycles. Adjustments applied to in situ observations from ships are shown to be smaller than differences among the datasets and in well‐sampled regions and periods the in situ data are able to highlight biases in the reanalysis‐based specific humidity estimates. Near surface‐specific humidity estimates from two recent atmospheric reanalysis projects show markedly different responses in Tropical‐specific humidity to the assimilation of satellite radiance measurements that became available in 1999. There is less confidence in reanalysis‐based estimates of specific humidity over the ocean than over land. However the in situ‐based humidity analyses have suffered in recent years with a reduction in observation numbers and lack of information on observation methods and heights. Consequently near‐surface‐specific humidity remains relatively poorly known over the oceans.
HUMAN NOROVIRUS TRANSMISSION DUE TO CONTAMINATED FRESH FRUIT AND VEGETABLES

Almost any ready-to-eat fruit or vegetable that has been contaminated with pathogens, either from the environ- ment, human or animal feces or through storage, processing and handling, could potentially cause disease. This problem is particularly associated with the occurrence of human intestinal viruses, especially noroviruses, which are of major epide- miological significance as a common cause of both epidemic and sporadic non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. Many outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis associated with fresh fruit and vegetables have been described. The rise in incidence of human norovirus outbreaks may be the result of increased consumption of fresh produce, availability of new commodi- ties, export/import and transport around the globe, changes in production practices, improved reporting and detection methods.
Models for quasicrystal–crystal epitaxy

Not long after the discovery of quasicrystals, a specific orientation relationship between crystalline and quasicrystalline structures was observed. The specific orientational relationships were discovered in many systems, for instance surface alterations of bulk quasicrystals, the growth of atomic overlayers on quasicrystalline substrates and quasicrystalline thin films on crystalline substrates. In this paper, we review various models described in the literature in explaining such quasicrystal–crystal epitaxy.
Cultural Intelligence and Openness: Essential Elements of Effective Global Leadership

Globalisation has enabled organisations to operate in the international arena and capitalise on global talent pools. In this new environment, effective global leadership is required to manage a culturally diverse workforce. We argue that cultural intelligence (CQ) and openness are essential elements of effective global leadership. We believe that global leaders who possess these traits are likely to be more effective in global organisations.
Carbon cycling in a tidal freshwater marsh ecosystem: a carbon gas flux study

A process-based carbon gas flux model was developed to calculate total macrophyte and microalgal production, and community and belowground respiration, for a Peltandra virginica dominated tidal freshwater marsh in Virginia. The model was based on measured field fluxes of CO 2 and CH 4 , scaled to monthly and annual rates using empirically derived photosynthesis versus irradiance, and respiration versus temperature relationships. Because the gas exchange technique measures whole system gas fluxes and therefore includes turnover and seasonal translocation, estimates of total macrophyte production will be more accurate than those calculated from biomass harvests. One limitation of the gas flux method is that gaseous carbon fluxes out of the sediment may underestimate true belowground respiration if sediment-produced gases are transported through plant tissues to the atmosphere. Therefore we measured gross nitrogen mineralization (converted to carbon units using sediment C/N ratios and estimates of bacterial growth efficiency) as a proxy for belowground carbon respiration. We estimated a total net macrophyte production of 536 to 715 g C m -2 yr -1 , with an additional 59 g C m -2 yr -1 fixed by sediment microalgae. Belowground respiration calculated from nitrogen mineralization was estimated to range from 516 to 723 g C m -2 yr -1 versus 75 g C m -2 yr -1 measured directly with sediment chambers. Methane flux (72 g C m -2 yr -1 ) accounted for 11 to 13 % of total belowground respiration. Gas flux results were combined with biomass harvest and literature data to create a conceptual mass balance model of macrophyte-influenced carbon cycling. Spring and autumn translocation and re-translocation are critical in controlling observed seasonal patterns of above and belowground biomass accumulation. Annually, a total of 270 to 477 g C m -2 of macrophyte tissue is available for deposition on the marsh surface as detritus or export from the marsh as particulate or dissolved carbon.
Standardized Testing and School Accountability

This article explores the use of standardized tests to hold schools accountable. The history of testing for accountability is reviewed, and it is shown that currently between-school differences account for less than 10% of the variance in student scores, in part because the progress of individuals is small compared to the spread of achievement within an age cohort, and, possibly, due to lack of alignment between instruction and assessment. A review of the literature on the effects of the introduction of such tests in high-stakes accountability regimes suggests that the effects can be positive and the size of the effects is substantial. Therefore, although the validity of such tests may be problematic in terms of the intended inferences, their introduction may nevertheless be justified by their impact. The article concludes with a number of suggestions on improving tests for high-stakes accountability.
Neuromolecular Computing in Brain Evolution: Models and Methods

This article presents a rationale and suggests possible protocols for investigating evolutionary models of neuromolecular computing in humans and other animals. It begins with an historical overview of membrane and cytoskeleton models of possible computational relevance. A model of molecular computing in neurons is then presented. Its fundamental physical feature is a lateral concentration gradient of neural membrane lipids in an applied field during ion movement. It is proposed that electrostatic interactions between aligned and polarized ethenes of membrane-lipid diacyls and the charged amino-acid residues in an unfolded ion-channel protein regulate the rate of protein folding (ion-channel closing). In this manner, lipid-protein electrostatic interactions regulate neuron signaling. Suggested experimental protocols emphasizing fluorescence and ultrafast x-ray diffraction analyses of membrane models (micelles) based on tissue samples from different species are described at length. It is concluded that research of this type could add a valuable molecular dimension to classic neuroanatomical approaches traditionally pursued in evolutionary studies.