Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of School Leaders: Exploring School Climate Data Based on Principal Gender and Student Achievement

This project explored the climate data of 33 elementary schools in an urban school system to determine the relationship among perceptions of effective school leadership and student achievement. Data was compiled from teachers (n = 847) at each elementary school in regard to their perceptions of effective leadership of their school principal. Data was compared to student achievement and disaggregated based upon the gender of the principal. In summary, female principals were rated significantly lower on their leadership skills than male principals by their staff. In contrast, when student standardized test data were explored and cross-referenced with the gender of the principal, student achievement at schools with female leadership was comparable with that of elementary sites with male leadership.
Light‐ and clock‐dependent regulation of ribosomal S6 kinase activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus

Recent work has revealed that signalling via the p42/44 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway couples light to entrainment of the circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Given that many effects of the MAPK pathway are mediated by intermediate kinases, it was of interest to identify kinase targets of ERK in the SCN. One potential target is the family of 90‐kDa ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs). In this study, we examined light‐induced regulation of RSK‐1 in the SCN. Immunohistochemical and Western analysis were used to show that photic stimulation during the early and late night triggered the phosphorylation of RSK‐1 at two sites that are targeted by ERK. This increase in the phosphorylation state of RSK‐1 corresponded with an approximate fourfold increase in kinase activity. Light exposure during the subjective day did not increase the phosphorylated form of RSK‐1, indicating that the capacity of light to stimulate RSK‐1 activation is phase‐restricted. Double immunofluorescent labelling of SCN tissue revealed the colocalized expression of the activated form of ERK with the phosphorylated form of RSK‐1 following a light pulse. In vivo pharmacological inhibition of light‐induced MAPK pathway activation blocked RSK‐1 phosphorylation, indicating that RSK‐1 activity is regulated by the MAPK pathway. PDK‐1, a coregulator of RSK‐1, is also expressed in the SCN and is likely to contribute to RSK‐1 activity. RSK‐1 phosphorylation was also rhythmically regulated within a subset of phospho‐ERK‐expressing cells. Together these results identify RSK‐1 as a light‐ and clock‐regulated kinase and raise the possibility that it contributes to entrainment and timing of the circadian pacemaker.
The “Dogs of the Dow” Myth

The "Dogs of the Dow" (or "Dow Dog") investment strategy, is a popular investment approach that promises huge abnormal returns for investors in the ten top yielding stocks from the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA). However, periods of evident outperformance are balanced by periods of conspicuous underperformance. When strategy returns are adjusted for taxes and rebalancing costs, Dow Dogs perform in line with the DJIA over the 1961-98 period. As a result, there is no robust evidence of an average return anomaly tied to Dow Dogs. Copyright 2000 by MIT Press.
How to Capture the Passengers’ Point of View on a Transit Service through Rating and Choice Options

Abstract In this paper, a methodology for capturing the transit passenger’s point of view by using both rating and choice options is proposed. For this purpose, some discrete choice logit models are introduced; the models allow the probability of choice of some alternative transit services to be calculated, and the importance of each service aspect to be determined. The models are calibrated by using data collected by a survey in which a stated preferences experiment was proposed to a sample of passengers, and some judgements were expressed by them about their transit services, in terms of perceptions and expectations. The introduced methodology provides a relevant contribution from a practical viewpoint because it allows the identification of the most important aspects on overall service quality; it is useful to the transit operators for measuring service quality and for investing on the various service aspects in order to effectively improve transit services.
Multiobjective Analysis of a Public Wellfield Using Artificial Neural Networks

As competition for increasingly scarce ground water resources grows, many decision makers may come to rely upon rigorous multiobjective techniques to help identify appropriate and defensible policies, particularly when disparate stakeholder groups are involved. In this study, decision analysis was conducted on a public water supply wellfield to balance water supply needs with well vulnerability to contamination from a nearby ground water contaminant plume. With few alternative water sources, decision makers must balance the conflicting objectives of maximizing water supply volume from noncontaminated wells while minimizing their vulnerability to contamination from the plume. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed with simulation data from a numerical ground water flow model developed for the study area. The ANN‐derived state transition equations were embedded into a multiobjective optimization model, from which the Pareto frontier or trade‐off curve between water supply and wellfield vulnerability was identified. Relative preference values and power factors were assigned to the three stakeholders, namely the company whose waste contaminated the aquifer, the community supplied by the wells, and the water utility company that owns and operates the wells. A compromise pumping policy that effectively balances the two conflicting objectives in accordance with the preferences of the three stakeholder groups was then identified using various distance‐based methods.
Information Systems Strategy and its Relationship With Innovation Differentiation and Organizational Performance

ABSTRACT This study, from the resource-based view, analyzes the different typologies of information systems (IS) strategy and their effects on firms’ innovation differentiation strategy and performance. Distinguishing between innovative and conservative IS strategy, results from the Spanish food industry show that an innovative IS strategy has a stronger direct effect on organizational performance, but that a conservative IS strategy can be a safer way to support the innovation differentiation strategy of firms.
A CMOS Voltage Controlled Ring Oscillator with Improved Frequency Stability

A CMOS voltage controlled ring oscillator based on N-stage single-ended chain of different inverter types is described in this paper. The proposal is characterized by increased frequency stability (∆f=f 4%). The presented results are obtained using HSpice simulation and CMOS library model, level 49, for 1.2 µm technology.
Does the Presence of Institutional Investors Influence Accruals Management? Evidence from Australia

Recent debates on the corporate governance role of institutional investors have centred around whether they monitor their portfolio firms (exercise voice) or vote with their feet (exit). We examine these competing views in the context of how institutions' voice vs exit role, proxied by institutional ownership levels, is associated with their portfolio firms' earnings management in multiple settings. We extend Koh (2003, The British Accounting Review, 35, 105-128) by examining the effect of both short-term and long-term oriented institutional ownership on the extent of earnings management by portfolios firms with different incentives for earnings management. Specifically, we expect that the non-linear relation between institutional ownership and earnings management found in Koh (2003) is more likely to be present for portfolio firms with stronger incentives to meet/beat earnings thresholds. Our results suggest that transient and long-term oriented institutions co-exist and have differential effects on portfolio firms' earnings management. Transient institutions are associated with upward accruals management, while long-term oriented institutions constrain such upward accruals management for portfolio firms that have strong incentives to do so (specifically, firms with non-discretionary earnings below prior year earnings). This suggests long-term oriented institutions can act as a corporate governance mechanism to mitigate aggressive earnings management. Overall, we find that the association between institutional ownership and earnings management is not systematic across all firms and is context dependent, suggesting complex associations between institutional ownership and earnings management strategies exist.
A survey on diagnosis and treatment of vulvodynia among vulvodynia researchers and members of the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease.

OBJECTIVE To survey members of the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease and authors of recent related medical publications for whom e-mail addresses were available to assess current opinion and practices. STUDY DESIGN In a cross-sectional online survey of potential participants, characteristics of respondents and their preferred diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities for vulvodynia were assessed using univariate and multivariate methods. RESULTS Of recipients, 61.0% completed the survey. Of these, 86.7% were active in diagnosing or treating women with vulvodynia and 41.3% were currently active in vulvodynia research. Of respondents, > 80% include a history, a genital visual examination and vulvar pressure sensitivity testing in their evaluation of women with vulvar pain. Laboratory assessments were less likely to be rated essential or helpful. Of participants, > 80% rated as very effective or somewhat effective tricyclic antidepressants, pelvic floor physical therapy and psychologic counseling. Most indicated they have made the diagnosis of vulvodynia in conjunction with other vulvovaginal diagnoses and agreed that vulvodynia does remit for some women. CONCLUSION Despite many diagnostic and treatment options available, some consensus on diagnostic and treatment preferences for vulvodynia was identified. Further research to develop the evidence base for diagnostic and treatment decisions is needed.
The Impact of Mission on Firm Innovativeness

What impact, if any, does a firm's formal mission statement have on its innovativeness? Over the years, the mission statement has been regarded as one of the cornerstone documents of the large, modern corporation. It has especially been seen as essential in terms of providing two major benefits: (1) better staff motivation and control regarding common organizational objectives; and (2) a more focused allocation of resources.
Maize in the Rainfed Areas of Pakistan: An Analysis for Production Sustainability

The turning issue in agriculture of this era is sustainability and self reliance. There are several definitions of sustainability described by various scientists. Broadly, it means that the improvement in agriculture should be long lasting in view of changing environmental and socio-economic conditions. The high yielding technology available today is not fully adopted because of high cost and changing price structure of the important inputs. Under the present circumstances, the need arises to tailor the production practices according to the need of the farmers for long-term adoption. Sustainable agricultural systems are those that rely on lower inputs of energy and agricultural chemicals to achieve long-term productivity and environmental compatibility. However, Balanos (1998) concludes that the low input systems are low in productivity. Firebaugh (1990) mentioned the proposals given by J.F. Pars and colleagues that the ultimate target of the farmers in sustainable agriculture is to increase productivity and profitability. He also added that we should get benefit from germplasm which can survive over a long period of time. Maize, the major crop of the rainfed areas during summer season, is consumed as food, fodder and feed and have so many industrial uses. The scientists have been trying to search ways for enhanced production of maize under rainfed conditions. Reeves (1997) endorsed the findings of Pinstup-Anderson and Pandya-Lorch that the application of the results of agricultural research in the world is meant for enhanced food production, higher yields with reduced risks, lower production costs and ultimately for lower food prices which have benefited both rural and urban poor people.
Are Analysts Right? Macroeconomic Factors and Regime Switching in the Term Structure of Interest Rates

The validity of analysts' beliefs that the dependence of bond prices on crude oil prices changes sign over time and that the overall economy performance is correlated with the slope of the yield curve is examined. These beliefs are mapped into the term structure of interest rates framework by allowing for regime switching in the term structure and by using crude oil prices and an overall economy performance index (CFNAI) as factors. Fitting is done using Gibbs sampling, which allows for fewer assumptions on the regime switching parameters than classical methods and, thus, provides a more flexible model. The predicted yields are calculated using the eigenfunction expansion method.
Does Size Really Matter in Japan

Size-related regularities can be explained by riskiness and should not be regarded as anomalies. This article provides evidence that market value of equity reflects information about risk. Using data from the Japanese stock market, we found that among companies with similar cash flows, the companies with riskier cash flows had lower market values and higher expected returns. This role of market value of equity is strong over time and significant even when market beta estimates are considered. We also found, contrary to a “size effect,” a positive relationship between measures of physical size and returns.
Approaches to adopting quality in SMEs and the impact on quality management practices and performance

Abstract Do different approaches to adopting quality impact on performance in small and medium enterprises (SMEs)? Focusing on ISO 9000 and TQM as representing different ways of introducing quality, this paper investigates whether embarking on more clearly specified approaches to quality, such as ISO 9000 first or alternatively TQM, makes a difference to quality management practices and performance. Data from an Australian empirical survey of managers of small and medium enterprises were analysed and suggest that broader approaches to quality, such as TQM produce better quality outcomes. Organizations that had focused solely on ISO 9000 did not produce any noticeable performance benefits.
The Governance Effect of the Media's News Dissemination Role: Evidence from Insider Trading

We investigate whether the media plays a role in corporate governance by disseminating news. Using a comprehensive data set of corporate and insider news coverage for the 2001–2012 period, we show that the media reduces insiders’ future trading profits by disseminating news on prior insiders’ trades available from regulatory filings. We find support for three economic mechanisms underlying the disciplining effect of news dissemination: the reduction of information asymmetry, concerns regarding litigation risk, and the impact on insiders’ personal wealth and reputation. Our findings provide new insights into the real effect of news dissemination.
Multidimensional Customer-Based Brand Equity and Its Consequences in Midpriced Hotels

This study examined the relationship between hotel brand equity and guests' perceived value and revisit intention. The path model (brand equity factors leading to outcome variables) was formed to test research hypotheses. Data from 264 travelers who have stayed in midscale hotels were used for the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. All dimensions of brand equity (brand loyalty, perceived quality, and brand awareness/association) positively affected perceived value. Two brand-equity dimensions (brand loyalty and brand awareness/association) were found to increase guests' revisit intention. Although perceived quality was not a direct determinant of revisit intent, the effect of perceived quality on revisit intent was mediated by perceived value. Overall, this study highlights the importance of perceived value in lodging customers' mind. Managerial implications are provided based on the results.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACADEMIC FRAUDS WITH UNETHICAL ATTITUDE AND ACCOUNTING FRAUD

The attitude of being dishonest is not only done by the practitioner or an accountant, but it is also preceded by a fraud committed by students in formal education. This unethical behavior would arise when the accountants violate the professional code of ethics established by the Accountants Association in Indonesia (IAI). This study aims to analyze the relationships of attitudes toward academic dishonesty attitude toward unethical behavior and attitudes toward accounting fraud likelihood from public accountants’ perspective. Vignette used to collect data with the population of registered public accountants in IAPI. The sample covers 43 public accountants who have been participating in the Congress IAI XI in Jakarta, and public accountants in Surabaya. It was found out that there is significant correlation between attitudes with academic dishonesty and attitude with unethical behavior towards attitudes of accounting fraud.
A recursive algorithm for radio propagation model calibration based on CDMA forward pilot channel

Generic propagation model always have accuracy problems. Without model calibration, it can hardly be used in practice. This article develops a recursive algorithm on radio propagation model calibration for CDMA systems. An evaluation method is introduced and actual drive test results are used to verify the refined model's goodness of fit. From the results it can be seen that the calibration method in this paper is feasible in practice.
Serotonergic 5-HT7 receptors and cognition

Abstract The abundant distribution of serotonin (5-HT) in different areas of the central nervous system can explain the involvement of this neurotransmitter in the regulation of several functions, such as sleep, pain, feeding, and sexual and emotional behaviors. Moreover, the serotonergic system is also involved in other more complex roles, such as cognition, including learning and memory processes. Recent studies led to the discovery of various types and subtypes of receptors differentially associated to cognitive mechanisms. 5-HT7 is the most recently discovered receptor for 5-HT; therefore, it is also one of the least well characterized. Studies exist hypothesizing the role of 5-HT7 on the modulation of learning and memory processes and other cognitive functions. Moreover, much attention has been devoted to the possible role of 5-HT7 receptors in psychiatric disorders. Therefore, the aim of this review is to clarify the behavioral role of the recently discovered 5-HT7 type receptor and highlight its involvement in the cognitive functions, with particular attention to the modulation of learning and memory processes, thus providing a basis to obtain new therapeutic agents and strategies for the treatment of cognitive disorders.
Bonds and Options in Exponentially Affine Bond Models

Abstract In this article we apply the Flesaker–Hughston approach to invert the yield curve and to price various options by letting the randomness in the economy be driven by a process closely related to the short rate, called the abstract short rate. This process is a pure deterministic translation of the short rate itself, and we use the deterministic shift to calibrate the models to the initial yield curve. We show that we can solve for the shift needed in closed form by transforming the problem to a new probability measure. Furthermore, when the abstract short rate follows a Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR) process we compute bond option and swaption prices in closed form. We also propose a short-rate specification under the risk-neutral measure that allows the yield curve to be inverted and is consistent with the CIR dynamics for the abstract short rate, thus giving rise to closed form bond option and swaption prices.
Tracking extended quintessence

We study the cosmological role of a Tracking Field $\phi$ in Extended Quintessence scenarios (TEQ), where the dynamical vacuum energy driving the acceleration of the universe today is coupled with the Ricci scalar, $R$, with a term of the form $F(\phi)R/2$, where $F(\phi) = 1/8\pi G+\xi(\phi^{2}-\phi_{0}^{2})$. Tracker solutions for these NMC models, with inverse power-law potentials, possess an initial enhancement of the scalar field dynamics, named $R$-boost, caused by the Ricci scalar in the Klein-Gordon equation. During this phase the field performs a "gravitational" slow rolling which we model analytically, with energy density scaling as $(1+z)^{2}$. We evolve linear perturbations in TEQ models assuming Gaussian scale-invariant initial spectrum. We obtain significant changes in the Integrated Sachs Wolfe effect and in the acoustic peaks locations on the Cosmic Microwave Background, as well as in the turnover on the matter power spectrum. All these corrections may assume positive as well as negative values, depending on the sign of the NMC parameter $\xi$. We give analytical formulas describing all these effects. We show that they can be as large as $10 - 30%$ with respect to equivalent cosmological constant and ordinary tracking Quintessence models, respecting all the existing experimental constraints on scalar-tensor theories of gravity. These results demonstrate that the next decade data will provide deep constraints on the nature of the dark energy in the Universe, as well as the structure of the theory of gravity.
LOSS OF RECENT MEMORY AFTER BILATERAL HIPPOCAMPAL LESIONS

Bilateral medial temporal lobe resection in man results in a persistent impairment of recent memory whenever the removal is carried far enough posteriorly to damage portions of the anterior hippocampus and hippocampal gyrus. This conclusion is based on formal psychological testing of nine cases (eight psychotic and one epileptic) carried out from one and one-half to four years after operation. The degree of memory loss appears to depend on the extent of hippocampal removal. In two cases in which bilateral resection was carried to a distance of 8 cm posterior to the temporal tips the loss was particularly severe. Removal of only the uncus and amygdala bilaterally does not appear to cause memory impairment. A case of unilateral inferior temporal lobectomy with radical posterior extension to include the major portion of the hippocampus and hippocampal gyrus showed no lasting memory loss. This is consistent with Milner and Penfield's negative findings in a long series of unilateral removals for temporal lobe epilepsy. The memory loss in these cases of medial temporal lobe excision involved both anterograde and some retrograde amnesia, but left early memories and technical skills intact. There was no deterioration in personality or general intelligence, and no complex perceptual disturbance such as is seen after a more complete bilateral temporal lobectomy. It is concluded that the anterior hippocampus and hippocampal gyrus, either separately or together, are critically concerned in the retention of current experience. It is not known whether the amygdala plays any part in this mechanismi, since the hippocampal complex has not been removed alone, but always together with uncus and amygdala.