Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Training Programme on Knowledge and Adoption of Preservation Technologies among Farm women: A Comparative Study

A study was conducted in Karnal district with the objective to find out the effectiveness of training programme of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, NDRI, Karnal on knowledge and adoption of fruit and vegetables preservation (FVP) technologies among trainee farmwomen. The sampled 400 respondents included 200 trainee farmwomen where Krishi Vigyan Kendra of NDRI, Karnal had organized training in the area of fruit and vegetables preservation(FVP) technologies and 200 non-trainees selected from villages which were not covered by it. The data revealed that majority, (i.e., 72.50 per cent) of Trainee Farm-Women (TFW) were having medium level of knowledge regarding FVP technology, followed by those (20.00 per cent e and 7.50per cent) having high and low level of knowledge, respectively. Whereas, in case of Non-trainee farmwomen, all of them had low level of knowledge regarding FVP technologies. The analysis of adoption scores of Trainee Farm-women revealed that (79.50 per cent) of TFW had medium level of adoption, followed by those having high level of adoption (20.50 per cent) and low level of adoption (18.50per cent) of FVP technologies, while in case of Non-Trainee Farm-women, all of them were having low level adoption. This indicates that there has been significant difference between the trainees &non-trainees with regard to their Knowledge and Adoption of fruit and vegetables preservation.
Mergers and Acquisitions Deal Initiation and Motivation

This study examines potential motivations for firms to initiate a merger or acquisition, and investigates the relation between the deal initiator and firm performance, premiums, payment method, and time to completion. Using a sample of U.S. mergers and acquisitions from 2006 – 2012, we find that both target cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) around the announcement date and takeover premiums are significantly lower in target-initiated deals than in bidder-initiated deals (confirming findings of Masulis and Simsir, 2015). Moreover, we find that target-initiated deals utilize more cash as a means of payment (perhaps a byproduct of targets approaching cash-rich bidders), have a shorter time to deal completion, and provide higher long-term buy-and-hold abnormal returns (BHAR) to acquiring firms. Lastly, we show that target firms in target-initiated deals are more financially distressed, providing motivation for such targets to initiate the deal, hurry it along, and accept the lower returns offered.
Capital structure of portuguese hotel firms: a structural equation modelling approach

This paper addresses capital structure determinants for Portuguese hotel firms between 2006 and 2014. Secondary data from 356 hotel units was analysed using the partial least squares statistical technique and the structural equation modelling (SEM), based on the variance. The results show that the explanatory variables proposed as capital structure determinants have an impact on the financing and debt decisions made by the firms in the sample. Of these, tangibility has the greater explanatory power. Overall, the results support the notion that trade-off theory and pecking-order theory are important in explaining the capital structure of the Portuguese hotel industry, particularly as regards the agency conflicts triggered by growth opportunities and the preference firms have for internal funding. The results also point to the importance of collateral in accessing credit and the lesser impact of asymmetric information pertaining to tangible asset value and firm size. The results suggest small firms find it difficult to contract loans, which can somewhat limit their growth and performance
Poor preservation of antibodies in archaeological human bone and dentine

Abstract The growth of proteomics-based methods in archaeology prompted an investigation of the survival of non-collagenous proteins, specifically immunoglobulin G (IgG), in archaeological human bone and dentine. Over a decade ago reports were published on extracted, immunoreactive archaeological IgG, and the variable yields of IgG molecules detected by Western blots of 1D and 2D SDS-PAGE gels. If IgG can indeed be recovered from archaeological skeletal material, it offers remarkable opportunities for exploring the history of disease - for example in applying functional anti-malarial IgGs to study past patterns of malaria. More recently, the field has seen a move away from immunological approaches and towards the use of shotgun proteomics via mass spectrometry. Using previously published techniques, this study attempted to extract and characterize archaeological IgG proteins. In only one extraction method were immunoglobulin derived peptides identified, and these displayed extensive evidence of degradation. The failure to extract immunoglobulins by all but one method, along with observed patterns of protein degradation, suggests that IgG may be an unsuitable target for detecting disease-associated antigens. This research highlights the importance of revisiting previously ‘successful’ biomolecular methodologies using emerging technologies.
Crowdfunding Models: Keep-It-All vs. All-Or-Nothing

Reward-based crowdfunding campaigns are commonly offered in one of two models. The “Keep-It-All” (KIA) model involves the entrepreneurial firm setting a fundraising goal and keeping the entire amount raised, regardless of whether or not they meet their goal, thereby allocating the risk to the crowd when an underfunded project goes ahead. The “All-Or-Nothing” (AON) model involves the entrepreneurial firm setting a fundraising goal and keeping nothing unless the goal is achieved, thereby shifting the risk to the entrepreneur. We show that small, scalable projects are more likely to be funded through the KIA scheme, while large non-scalable projects are more likely to be funded through the AON scheme. Overall, KIA campaigns are less successful in meeting their fundraising goals, consistent with a risk-return tradeoff for entrepreneurs, where opting for the KIA scheme represents less risk and less return for the entrepreneur.
Light scattering resonances in arbitrarily shaped one-dimensional reentrant surfaces

Multiple scattering and shape-related effects are an active and important field of research in the area of diffraction and scattering of electromagnetic waves by rough surfaces. Most of the rigorous numerical techniques for dealing with this problem were limited to the treatment of single-valued surfaces. We have extended the formulation of Mendoza- Suarez and Mendez (1997) for dealing with multi-valued profile functions in order to study the scattering of reentrant surfaces or cavities in both, the near and far-field. We have evaluated the near-field in circular cavities with narrow entrances, as well as in the case of clusters of rods or cylinders. Resonant frequencies are clearly identified for these structures. We have also found that our model could be useful to predict wave-induced oscillations in harbors of arbitrary geometry. This comes form the fact that the mathematical formulation of the problem of light scattering by cavities (in the case of p polarization) is similar to the one employed in the case of harbors of arbitrary shape, when a water wave arrives at its entrance (Hwang and Tuck, 1970; Lee, 1971). The results obtained with our model are in close agreement with previously reported theories and experimental data.
Rates of calcium, yield and quality of snap bean

ABSTRACT: Calcium ions (Ca) play an important role in many biochemical processes, delayingsenescence and controlling physiological disorders in fruits and vegetables. The objective of thisexperiment was to analyze the effect of increasing calcium concentrations in snap beans. Snap beancultivar UEL 1 was sown in sand containing 80 mg L -1 of calcium supplemented with nutrient solution,plus calcium at different contents: 0, 75, 150 and 300 mg L -1 . Ca was mainly recovered in the shoots,followed by roots and pods. Calcium concentrations in the pods were 130, 259, 349 and 515 mg 100 g -1 drymatter on a dry weight basis, in relation to the enhancement of calcium contents in the nutrientsolution, respectively. A negative relationship between nitrogen content in the pods and calciumconcentration in the nutrient solution was observed. Pods from plants grown in a solution without Capresented necrosis in their apical region. Dieback of roots, shoots and young leaves also occurredunder low calcium supply. Dry matter of pods, roots and shoots, number of pods per plant, pod weightand pod length increased proportionally to calcium concentration in solution. Increasing rates ofcalcium improved biomass production in snap bean cultivar UEL 1.Key words:
Application of multiple biological indices for river health assessment in northeastern China

Bioassessment has become a hot topic and could provide important information for river management and restoration. In this study, we developed multiple biological indices using three groups of aquatic organisms – benthic algae, macroinvertebrates and fish – for river health assessment. The main steps for development of multiple biological indices were selection of sensitive indices, optimization of core indices, setting target and critical values for core indices, and calculation of final scores of health condition. In order to evaluate the 19 candidate indices, disturbance gradients were constructed for water contamination, sediment contamination and land use change using principal components analysis. Thirteen indices showed significant and relatively high coefficients of determination with the disturbance gradients using multiple regression analysis (P <0.05). Six indices – two indices each for benthic algae, macroinvertebrates and fish – were finally selected as the core indices using correlation analyses. River health condition scores were assigned to five categories: critical, poor, fair, good and excellent. One site was classified as critical and 10.5% of sites were in poor condition. Meanwhile, 45.6% of the sampling sites were classified as fair and 42.1% were either good or excellent. Regression analysis between the final scores and disturbance gradients confirmed the usefulness of multiple biological indices as a confident bioassessment method. Thus, we highly recommend using multiple biological indices to assess river health that will inform river management and restoration strategies.
The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention in Indonesia

This research studied the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention of university students. Following original research by Zhang, Duysters, Cloodt (2014), Ajzen's theory of planned behavior and Shapero's entrepreneurial event model would be incorporated to identify the effect of exogenous variables such as entrepreneurship education, prior entrepreneurial exposure, perceived desirability and feasibility towards entrepreneurial intention in university students. Furthermore, this study aimed to investigate the selection hypothesis of entrepreneurship education for entrepreneurial intentions. Lastly, this study was also proposing to investigate the moderating effect of the teachers and instructors' enthusiasm (Frenzel et al., 2009), pre-educational entrepreneurship intention (Bae et al., 2014), gender (Verheul et al., 2012), as well as the moderating effect of peers in the classroom (Falck et al., 2012). The data would be collected from one of the private and reputable universities in Indonesia in multiple departments with a form of entrepreneurship education. In this study we found that entrepreneurship education does shape entrepreneurial intention. Students with pre-educational entrepreneurial intention would be more likely to have higher entrepreneurial intention. We also learned that there’s a strong relationship between social influence of classmates and entrepreneurial intention. In addition, we found that male and female students have a different perspective about entrepreneurship education that affected their entrepreneurial intention.
Early anthropogenic warming and aerosol forcing Master ' s Thesis

In his interesting and in uential study, Stevens (2015) suggested that the range for e ective radiative forcing due to anthropogenic aerosol emissions (ERFaer) is between −1.0 and − 0.3 W m−2 by the end of the 20 century. This range, as assessed by Stevens, reduces the range as it is assessed in the 5 assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change by nearly the factor 3. In this thesis, results from the 5th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project are analyzed. They show that there is only a weak relationship between between ERFaer and the warming trend in the early industrial period in contrast to Stevens estimation. The climate models show a rather linear relationship between the global-mean anthropogenic aerosol emissions and the global-mean aerosol forcing while the model by Stevens uses a log-linear scaling. Focusing on continental-scale regions, this log-linear scaling can be observed in climate models as well. A reason for the di erent results of Stevens and the climate models used in this thesis can stem from the fact that anthropogenic aerosol emission were concentrated over rather small regions in the early industrial period (e.g. Europa and North America) while the emission are much more widespread by the end of the 20 century.
Prevalence and pattern of dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at a tertiary care hospital

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common secondary cause of dyslipidaemia, particularly if glycaemic control is poor, which in turn is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Objectives: (1) To study the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidaemia in patients with type 2 DM. (2) To determine the relationship (if any) between HbA1C and the lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in 200 type 2 diabetic patients attending the Diabetic Clinic at the Helen Joseph Hospital. Patients suffering from other known causes of secondary dyslipidaemia were excluded. Each patient’s HbA1C and lipid profile results were recorded from their clinic files. The lipid profile included total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Patients with one or more of the above parameters outside the targets recommended by the 2012 South African Dyslipidaemia Guidelines were considered to have uncontrolled dyslipidaemia. Results: Of the 200 type 2 DM patients studied, 86 (43%) were male and 114 (57%) female. Despite all patients being treated with lipid-lowering therapy (simvastatin at a mean daily dose of 20 mg), 187 patients (93.5%) did not achieve all their lipid targets. The most prevalent lipid parameter not at target was an LDL-C of ≥ 1.8 mmol/l in nearly 80% of patients. The most common pattern of dyslipidaemia was a combined dyslipidaemia (any two abnormal lipid parameters) affecting a total of 82 out of the 187 patients (43.8%) not reaching recommended targets. No significant relationship was found between HbA1C and any of the lipid parameters. Conclusion: The vast majority of the type 2 diabetic patients studied had dyslipidaemia not meeting recommended targets, despite the use of lipid-lowering therapy in all patients. There is a need for more intensive lipid-lowering therapy, particularly statin therapy in patients with dyslipidaemia. Measures aimed at combating obesity and other lifestyle-related risk factors are also vital and need to be implemented for effectively controlling dyslipidaemia and reducing the burden of CVD.
An Analysis Of Co2 Emissions Of Turkish Industries And Energy Sector

One of the prominent environmental problems arising within the past two decades is global warming, and hence the closely associated phenomenon of climate changes. In this context, the long run relationships and causalities among the industrial, cement and steel productions; power generation; oil consumption; and finally CO2 emissions in Turkey were investigated in this study by using a vector autoregression (VAR) testing approach for the period of 1990-2010. According to the empirical results, bidirectional Granger causality was inferred between CO2 emissions and the production of cement and electricity. In light of the results of the impulse-response analysis, the CO2 emissions were mostly affected by a shock given to industrial production, followed by cement production, power generation, oil consumption and steel production, in decreasing order of impact.
GENETIC PARAMETERS OF FEED EFFICIENCY AND DAILY WEIGHT GAIN IN JAPANESE QUAILS

Feed resource is a major cost determining factor for profitability in livestock enterprises and therefore any effort at improving feed efficiency will help to reduce feed cost. Improvement in production efficiency of birds depends not only on their genetic variation but also on the genetic correlation among the traits. A study was conducted to estimate the genetic variances and correlations among feed efficiency and growth traits on a total of 216 number of Japanese quails. The overall mean feed intake during 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 weeks of age was 39.39, 115.87, 153.53, 188.12, 209.29 and 240.55g respectively, whereas the body weight gain was 22.85, 45.97, 51.63, 53.08, 45.35 and 40.91 g respectively. The overall feed conversion ratio were 1.70, 2.40, 2.95, 3.52, 4.76 and 6.30 at 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 weeks of age. The heritability estimates for feed intake in Black males and females were found to be low at 7-10 weeks (0.02 to 0.13), medium (0.37 to 0.44) at 11-14 weeks and low to medium (0.01 to 0.29) from 7-14 weeks age. The heritability estimates for feed conversion ratio at 7-10, 11-14 and 7-14 weeks were low to medium heritable. The body weight at 7weeks was significantly (P<0.01) positively correlated with feed intake 7-10 weeks (0.58), weight gain 7-10 (0.16) and feed conversion ratio 7-10 (0.15). Negative phenotypic correlations was found between weight gain 7-14 and feed conversion ratio 7-14 (-0.64), while the estimates based on environmental correlation were positive (0.66).
The effect of matrix and reinforcement material selection on the tensile properties of hybrid composites.

This work was funded by the European Commission (FP7 Project- CP-FP; Project Reference: 228536-2). The authors also gratefully acknowledge the EPSRC for providing testing equipment, as well as Grado Zero Espace SRL and Laviosa Chimica Mineraria SPA for the preparation of the materials.
A Performance Evaluation of WRF Model Using Different Physical Parameterization Scheme during Winter Season over a Semi-Arid Region, India

A performance evaluation study has been carried out over a semiarid region, Jaipur India using Weather Research an d Forecasting (WRF) model. The efficiency of the model is determined du ring winter season over Jaipur in the present study. For this purpose, we c onsider the study period from 11 th to 14 th January 2012, which was the coldest period during the winter season 2011-2012. Eight sensitivity experime nts has been conducted using several physical parameterization schemes to find the best combination of the parameterization schemes and optimize the WRF model for the study area in the winter season. In spite o f using the same initial, boundary conditions and model configuration, perfor mance of the model varies with the different combination of the physic al parameterization schemes. The model simulations show encouraging and better statistical results with the combination of Quasi-Normal Scale Elimination (QNSE) surface layer, QNSE planetary boundary scheme along with NOAH landsurface and Kain-Fritsch (new Eta) cumulus parameterisation scheme than any other combinations of physical parameterization schemes over study region.
Internal control & corporate governance index: an empirical analysis of the Italian listed companies

Internal control is defined by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) as “a process, effected by an entity’s board of directors, management and other personnel, designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of better effectiveness and efficiency of operations, better reliability of financial reporting and better compliance with applicable laws and regulations. To achieve these objectives, the organization applies the process of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) in strategy settings and across the enterprise, in order to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risk within its risk appetite”. Thus, it is possible to highlight the importance of Internal control in the Risk assessment process of a company. Our research analyzed the corporate governance in the Italian context. In particular, the aim of the paper is to analyze the structure of the Internal Control System (ICS) of the Italian listed companies. We constructed a specific index, called “internal Control and Corporate Governance index” that measures the quality of corporate governance composition. The index construction is based on an in-depth literature review and a selection of the international ICS best practices which were more suitable for the Italian context. Secondly, we have investigated the key variables that influence the structure of the Internal control System in the Italian context. The sample was made up of the listed companies belonging to the Italian Stock Exchange (FTSE Italia All Share). The composition of the index refers to the year 2013 and in total 159 listed companies were analyzed. For each company we have collected 33 items in order to evaluate the internal control system of a company: for each entity, we investigated 7 independent variables divided into performance, size, shareholders’ composition, for508 Chapter 3
A MECHANISM FOR STIMULATING AGN FEEDBACK BY LIFTING GAS IN MASSIVE GALAXIES

Observation shows that nebular emission, molecular gas, and young stars in giant galaxies are associated with rising X-ray bubbles inflated by radio jets launched from nuclear black holes. We propose a model where molecular clouds condense from low-entropy gas caught in the updraft of rising X-ray bubbles. The low-entropy gas becomes thermally unstable when it is lifted to an altitude where its cooling time is shorter than the time required to fall to its equilibrium location in the galaxy, i.e., . The infall speed of a cloud is bounded by the lesser of its free-fall and terminal speeds, so that the infall time here can exceed the free-fall time by a significant factor. This mechanism is motivated by Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations revealing molecular clouds lying in the wakes of rising X-ray bubbles with velocities well below their free-fall speeds. Our mechanism would provide cold gas needed to fuel a feedback loop while stabilizing the atmosphere on larger scales. The observed cooling time threshold of —the clear-cut signature of thermal instability and the onset of nebular emission and star formation—may result from the limited ability of radio bubbles to lift low-entropy gas to altitudes where thermal instabilities can ensue. Outflowing molecular clouds are unlikely to escape, but instead return to the central galaxy in a circulating flow. We contrast our mechanism to precipitation models where the minimum value of triggers thermal instability, which we find to be inconsistent with observation.