Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Academic Achievement of Zahedan Medical Sciences Students in 2016

Students with higher self-efficacy utilize higher tendency, endeavor, and strength in performing academic tasks and feel ensure of their ability, thus self-efficacy can influence their academic achievement. Current study was conducted aiming at investigating relationship between self-efficacy and academic achievement of students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. It is a descriptive – analytical research on 190 students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences during 2015 – 2016. Subjects were selected randomly and two-part questionnaire was used as data collection tool. First part was related to demographic characteristics and second part was related to self-efficacy questionnaire. Finally data were analyzed by SPSS 19 Software using deceptive statistics, Pearson correlation and independent t. Average age of individuals was 21.46 ± 312 and 82 students were female. Relationship between gender and self-efficacy of students was significant and self-efficacy was higher in females. But relationship between gender and academic achievementis not significant. Relationship between age and academic achievement was not significant. Relationship between self-efficacy and academic achievement of students was measured through Pearson correlation test and significant relationship was observed. People with higher selfefficacy have more optimal academic status compared to people with low self-efficacy and there is direct positive relationship between GPA and self-efficacy.
THE SURFACE TEXTURE OF HARDENED 18CrMo4 STEEL AFTER TURNING WITH PLUNGE FEED

S u m m a r y A research results of surface texture after finish turning operation with plunge feed of hardened 18CrMo4 steel with use of cubical boron nitride (CBN) inserts having Wiper geometry are presented in this paper. The research was conducted according to Taguchi methodology, especially for mating of the machined surface with radial shaft seals. Next, the surface after finish turning with plunge feed was compared with the surface after plunge grinding, while assessment indicators used to this purpose testify a substantial similarity of the two surfaces.
Wage Dynamics, Cohort Effects, and Limited Commitment Models

In this paper we analyse a model in which firms cannot pay discriminate based on year of entry to the firm, and argue that the wage dynamics are consistent with the empirical results of Beaudry and DiNardo (1991). Their results have been interpreted as supporting a model in which workers are ex post mobile. Since in our model worker mobility/commitment does not affect the optimal contract, it is argued that existing empirical research does not discriminate between different models of worker commitment. (JEL: E32, J41) Copyright (c) 2005 The European Economic Association.
Energetic costs of migration through the Fraser River Canyon, British Columbia, in adult pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) salmon as assessed by EMG telemetry

Adult Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) depend on energy reserves to complete their upriver spawning migration. Little is known about how flow patterns and bank characteristics affect energetics or how species differ in reach-specific energy use. In 1999, electromyogram (EMG) radiotelemetry was used to describe activity levels and estimate energy use of 12 adult pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) during their upstream migration in a 7-km section of the Fraser River Canyon. Data collected previously on sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the same study area provided a species comparison. We could not identify any strong differences in energetics between species. Although sex had some influence, reach characteristics were the primary factors affecting migration activity and energetics. Fish increased their activity levels when they migrated through reaches constricted by islands or gravel bars compared with nonconstricted reaches. The former contained higher velocity currents and more complex hydrauli.
Effect of Organophosphate Insecticide, Dimethoate on Physiology of Common carp, Catla catla (Hamilton) and Labeo rohita

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 5 (2016) pp. 322-341 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com In the present investigation the effects of Dimethoate insecticide on survival chance (acute toxicity), behavioral response and blood biochemical and haematological parameters and the expression of isoenzymes in Catla catla (Hamilton) and Labeo rohita (Hamilton) after exposure to sublethal concentrations of Dimethoate was studied. It is evident that no mortality of Catla catla and Labeo rohita was recorded at 20.5mg/l Dimethoate up to 24 hrs. of exposure. At concentrations of 23.0, 23.5 and 24.0mg/l of Dimethoate 100% mortality of Catla catla was recorded at three different concentration of Dimethoate viz., 23.0mg/l, 23.5mg/l and 24.0mg/l in 96 hrs. of exposure. The LC50 values of Dimethoate at various exposure times were 21.0mg/l for about 84 hrs; 21.5mg/l for 72 hrs; 22.0mg/l for about 60hrs; 22.5mg/l for 48 hrs; 23.0mg/l for 48 hrs; and 23.5mg/l for 24 hrs. The percentage mortality of Catla catla increased with increased concentration of Dimethoate and with decreased exposure time. Similarly at concentrations of 23.0, 23.5 and 24.5mg/l of Dimethoate 100% of mortality of Labeo rohita was recorded. Catla catla and Labeo rohita showed behavioral alterations against Dimethoate intoxication. Uncoordinated movements, erratic swimming, convulsions, excess mucus secretion, decreased opercular movements, loss of balance, drowning and change in body pigmentation, muscle fasciculation. Moribund lethargy, refusal of feeding, respiratory distress became more apparent with increase in duration of exposure at all test concentration of Dimethoate. The glycogen content, total proteins and total lipids decreased in the blood of Catla catla and Labeo rohita under the toxicity of Dimethoate whereas the levels of total free sugars and total free amino acids increased. Dimethoate caused reduction in total proteins in the blood of both Catla catla and Labeo rohita. The acute exposure to Dimethoate resulted in a significant decrease in count of developmental forms of myeloid sequence and the segmented neutrophilic granulocytes in the experimental group. Catla catla and Labeo rohita exposed to acute effects of the Dimethoate insecticide showed significantly (P < 0.01) decreased concentration of alkaline phosphatase and significantly (P < 0.01) increased concentration of ammonia, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase,creatine kinase and lactate in blood plasma. The main biochemical blood profile response of Catla catla and Labeo rohita to the acute effect of 23.5 mg/l of Dimethoate was a significantly (P < 0.01) decreased concentration of alkaline phosphatase and significantly (P < 0.01) increased concentration of NH3, LDH, AST, CK and LACT in blood plasma. K ey wo rd s LC50, Dimethoate, Catla catla, Labeo rohita Toxicity, Serum composition, Isoenzymes. Accepted: 15 April 2016 Available Online: 10 May 2016 Article Info Int.J.Curr.Microbiol. App.Sci (2016) 5(5): 322-341
Analyzing the Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Public Debt Dynamics in Zimbabwe

This paper provides an analysis of the theoretical and empirical foundations of public debt dynamics in Zimbabwe. The analysis was undertaken by applying the debt dynamics equation that enables estimating the required primary balance, building on the government inter-temporal budget constraint to infer the factors that influence public debt, as well as to ascertain specific policy issues required to ensure a sustainable public debt structure. The results from the simulation analysis show that debt dynamics in Zimbabwe are largely composed of huge stock flow adjustments to finance social and political related expenditures. This underscores the need for prudent debt management to guard against unexpected changes in public debt, which are not explained by fundamentals. The major policy implication from the study is the need to minimize the interest rate growth differential and to implement growth enhancing fiscal policies to ensure a sustainable long term public debt position.
Warning against warnings: Alerted subjects may perform worse. Misinformation, involvement and warning as determinants of witness testimony

The article presents experiments exploring the memory misinformation effect. Subjects heard a recording and afterwards read a description of it, which included, in the misled group, some details inconsistent with the recording; finally thay answered questions about the recording. The aim of the research was to replicate the tainted truth effect, consisting in poor memory functioning of non-misled warned subjects and to check whether a subject’s involvement in the issue moderates this effect. Highly involved subjects were more resistant to the misinformation effect than those lowly involved. In the case of highly involved participants, warning was effective in reducing the misinformation effect, but it also caused more errors in the case of non-misled subjects. Thus, warning witnesses about nonexising discrepancies between what they saw/heard and what they were told, might lead to less accurate testimony.
Fiscal Rules and Stabilisers in Europe

Fiscal and monetary policies in Europe have been designed to ensure that a stability oriented framework is in place, but they have not always been successful in this end. In this paper we assess the fiscal rules in Europe in this context using NiGEM and other tools. We first look at fiscal developments and their impacts since 1997 in the four largest European Union countries. We then look in particular at the timing and nature of fiscal changes, and at the multiplier impacts of changes in taxes and in spending in these countries. We discuss why these multipliers differ between countries, and look in particular at the role of consumption behaviour and differing liquidity constraints in determining their size. We also argue that spending increases have more impacts than tax cuts. Hence, we conclude that the evolution of demand and budget deficits has varied between these countries both because of the composition of budget changes and their impacts. This analysis allows us to evaluate the automatic stabilizers in Europe, and we argue that these are small. We also look at the cyclical adjustment of deficits using estimates of trend output. These results impact on the final discussion of alternative fiscal rules for Europe.
The design and performance of high-performance perforated fired masonry bricks

Fire perforated clay masonry units have been extensively used through years in masonry structures, particularly in masonry walls both for loadbearing and non-loadbearing purposes (partition walls and enclosures). The location of the masonry walls as external enclosure brings some physical requirements, which together with mechanical requirements are the basis of the design of hollow clay
TESTING CONCEPTUAL ROUTES IN ELEMENTARY/HIGHLY PROFICIENT PERSIAN SPEAKING EFL LEARNERS

According to a basic prediction made by the revised hierarchical model (RHM, Kroll & Stewart, 1994), there is no L2 conceptual connection at the beginning stages of language learning as L2 learners mostly rely on L1 conceptual connections to retrieve the meaning of the L2 words. With increasing proficiency, however, there would be a direct access from L2 to the conceptual system. Available literature challenges this hypothesis, as it shows the existence of the L2 conceptual connections from early stages of L2 acquisition (Duyck & Brysbaert, 2004). There is one study which supports this hypothesis; however, it is problematic in the sense that it used a long prime exposure duration (BasnightBrown & Altarriba, 2007). In an attempt to reevaluate the prediction of this model, two groups of highly proficient and two groups of elementary Persian learners of English were tested on noncognate stimuli with lexical decision task in both forward and backward direction. The results obtained for elementary L2 learners were consistent with RHM. The data showed the presence of strong L1 conceptual connections and the absence of L2 conceptual connections at this level of proficiency. However, the pattern obtained for highly proficient L2 learners could not be interpretedin terms of the model.
Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form: The Reliability and Validity Study.

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine the social media addictions of secondary school, high school and university students. 998 students participated in the study. 476 students from secondary schools, high schools and universities participated in the first application during which the exploratory factor analysis of the scale was conducted. 298 students participated in the second application during which the confirmatory factor analysis was carried out. Test-retest method was used to determine the consistency of the scale with the participation of 224 student. Expert opinion, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, total item correlations, mean differences between upper and lower groups, internal consistency coefficient and test-retest correlation coefficients were calculated within the scope of assessing the validity and reliability of the research. According to the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the scale has a 4-factor structure accounting for 53.16% of the total variance. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) coefficient and the Bartlett’s test were found significant respectively at . 96 and χ2=12680.88 (p=.00). Internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient) was found . 93 for the whole scale and at values ranging from . 81 to . 86 for the sub-factors. Test-retest coefficient was found . 94. In conclusion, SMA-SF is a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of 29 items grouped under 4 factors (virtual tolerance, virtual communication, virtual problem and virtual information). The statistical analysis indicates that the scale is valid and reliable enough to be used in determining the social media addictions of secondary school, high school and university students.
First-year university students' receptive and productive use of academic vocabulary

The present study explores academic vocabulary knowledge, operationalised through the Academic Word List, among first-year higher education students. Both receptive and productive knowledge and the proportion between the two are examined. Results show that while receptive knowledge is readily acquired by first-year students, productive knowledge lags behind and remains problematic. This entails that receptive knowledge is much larger than productive knowledge, which confirms earlier indications that receptive vocabulary knowledge is larger than productive knowledge for both academic vocabulary (Zhou 2010) and general vocabulary (cf. Laufer 1998, Webb 2008, among others). Furthermore, results reveal that the ratio between receptive and productive knowledge is slightly above 50%, which lends empirical support to previous findings that the ratio between the two aspects of vocabulary knowledge can be anywhere between 50% and 80% (Milton 2009). This finding is extended here to academic vocabulary; complementing Zhou’s (2010) study that investigated the relationship between the two aspects of vocabulary knowledge without examining the ratio between them. On the basis of these results, approaches that could potentially contribute to fostering productive knowledge growth are discussed. Avenues worth exploring to gain further insight into the relationship between receptive and productive knowledge are also suggested.
Driving behavior at intersections equipped with red light cameras - A Monte Carlo Simulation based on driving simulator data

Background: Various impact evaluation studies of red light cameras (RLCs) showed an increase of rear-end collisions (up to 44%). Objective: To evaluate the driving and looking behavior of drivers at intersections equipped with RLCs in an urban area. Method: 63 participants passed an intersection without RLC, with RLC, and with RLC + warning sign (RLCWS) in a driving simulator. These data were used to estimate the risk of rear-end collisions by means of a Monte Carlo Simulation. Results: The relative risk of rear-end collisions for the intersection without RLC, with RLC, and with RLCWS was 1.97%, 12.65%, and 7.89% respectively. A higher percentage of participants observed the RLC when they stopped for the yellow light at the intersection with RLC, compared to the participants who did not stop (62% vs. 28%). Conclusion: Based on the Monte Carlo Simulation, risk of rear-end collisions increases when RLCs are installed. However, this risk decreases when a RLCWS is placed upstream. Application: Road administrations must consider the installation of RLCs very carefully. When RLCs are needed at certain intersections (e.g. to prevent red light running), road administrations should also deliberate about the potential of RLCWS in order to reduce the risk of rear-end collisions.
Stable isotopes reveal inter-annual and inter-individual variation in the diet of female Australian fur seals

Understanding the temporal and spatial variation of foraging habits of apex predators is central to understanding their role in marine ecosystems and how their populations may respond to environmental variability. In the present study, stable isotope analysis (C and N) of blood was used to investigate inter-individual and inter-annual differences in the diet of adult female Australian fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus. Positive correlations were observed between red cell and plasma values for δ 13 C and δ 15 N (r 2 = 0.47 and r 2 = 0.66, respectively, p < 0.001 in both cases), suggest- ing relatively consistent individual prey choices over 3 or 4 foraging trips. Mean δ 15 N values (12.8 to 17.5‰) confirm the species occupies the highest marine trophic niche in the region. A significant decrease in plasma δ 15 N values, corresponding to two-thirds of a trophic level (ca. 2‰), was observed between the 1998 to 2000 and 2003 to 2005 sampling periods. This was associated with a significant decrease in adult female body condition and is consistent with a decline, previously documented by faecal analysis, of the proportion of red cod Pseudophysis bachus, barracouta Thyrsites atun and Gould's squid Nototodarus gouldi in the diet and an increase in redbait Emmelichthys nitidus. While substantial variation in δ 15 N was observed within each age cohort, a significant decrease was observed with age, suggesting individual specialisation for particular prey types is evident early in adulthood, but that its composition changes as females age. In addition, generalized linear models indicated body mass had a negative influence on δ 15 N, which may reflect larger total body oxygen
Geospatial analysis of woodland fire occurrence and recurrence in Italy

This research note aims to exemplify the potential of annual time series of wildfire geodatasets to quantify fire occurrence and recurrence amongst different woodland types at large scale, under an international forestry perspective. The study covers a time series of areas affected by wildfire between 2007 and 2014 in Italy. A GIS operation of geometric intersection was carried out between burned areas geodataset time series and Corine Land Cover. Mediterranean pine forest, high maquis, transitional woodland-shrub and high oro-Mediterranean pine forest are the woodland types most preferred in terms of fire occurrence and recurrence. Large fires and megafires hold a significant share of total burned area. An unexpected finding is the huge impact of fires in wildland-urban-interface areas. The proposed analysis provides spatial information that is central to any approach to fire management at large scale. Research findings provide support that can be used e.g. for advancements in research, prioritization of fire prevention, suppression measures, economic incentive allocation, and urban and peri-urban planning.
Running for the Exit? International Bank Lending During a Financial Crisis

We use loan-level data to examine how large international banks reduced their cross-border lending after the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Country, firm, and bank fixed effects allow us to disentangle credit supply and demand and to simultaneously control for the unobserved traits of banks and the countries and firms they lend to. We document substantial heterogeneity in the extent to which different banks retrenched from the same country. Banks reduced credit less to markets that were geographically close; where they were more experienced; where they operated a subsidiary; and where they were integrated into a network of domestic co-lenders. The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. , Oxford University Press.
Establishment and production of common sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) in the UK. 1. Effects of sowing date and autumn management on establishment and yield

Summary The effects of sowing date and autumn management of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) were investigated over 3 years in the UK. Replicated plots were sown between April and September in 2003 and 2004. Autumn management treatments were early and late cutting carried out in the establishment year and in subsequent years. Dry matter (DM) yields were measured over 3 years. One harvest was taken from April to July sowings in the establishment year and three harvests in each of the following years. DM yields from sowings in April and May were 2AE8 and 3AE3 t DM ha )1 , respectively, in the establishment year, which were higher (P <0 AE001) than from sowings in June and July. Sowings from April to July yielded 10AE9–12AE5 t DM ha )1 in the first full-harvest year, and 9AE5–11AE5 t DM ha )1 in the following year. Sowings in August and September only gave 5 t DM ha )1 year )1 . Early-autumn cutting of an established sward reduced yields of sainfoin at the second harvest in the first and second full-harvest years. Sowing in May had the lowest proportion of weed species (0AE06) in the establishment year, and sowing in July had the highest (0AE53). Crude protein concentration increased as the seasons progressed from 149AE 8t o 230AE 1gk g )1 DM.
Complex interactions on fig trees: ants capturing parasitic wasps as possible indirect mutualists of the fig /fig wasp interaction

Like other mutualisms, pollination mutualisms attract parasites, as well as opportunistic and specialist predators of the pollinators and parasites. These associated species influence the evolutionary dynamics of pairwise mutualisms. Predatory ants are frequent associates of pollination mutualisms, but their effects on the complex interactions between plants, pollinators and parasites have not yet been clearly established, even in the case of the well-described obligate interaction between figs and fig wasps. We attempted to quantify such effects for ants associated with three fig species, two dioecious (Ficus condensa [Brunei], F. carica [France]) and one monoecious (F. racemosa [India]). In all these cases, ant presence on a fig tree strongly reduced the number of parasitic wasps on the figs. Experimental exclusion of ants resulted in an increase in the number of non-pollinating fig wasps on F. condensa and F. racemosa. Experimental ant supplementation led to a decrease in the number of non-pollinating fig wasps on F. carica. Moreover, on F. condensa, the level of reduction of the number of parasitic wasps depended on the number and identity of the ants. On F. carica, non-pollinating fig wasps even avoided trees occupied by the dominant predatory ant. The consistency of the effect of ants in these three cases, representing a geographically, ecologically, and taxonomically broad sample of figs, argues for the generality of the effect we observed. Because reduction of parasitism benefits the pollinator, ants may be considered as indirect mutualists of plants and pollinators in the network of complex interactions supported by fig trees.