Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYZING ISTRUCTION AND LEARNING OF DERIVATIONAL MORHOLOGY IN THE SPANISH FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM

Morphological awareness can help learners of a second language (L2) infer and learn the meaning of unknown words. It is, however, unclear how morphological awareness evolves in adult English-speaking learners of instructed L2 Spanish and how this development relates to vocabulary knowledge. Moreover, the manner in which derivational morphology is instructed is unknown. This dissertation examines these aspects within four studies. Study 1 explores the development of morphological awareness for English-speaking learners of instructed Spanish L2 (n=209) and whether development depends on vocabulary size or other factors, such as proficiency. The results suggest that proficiency is the main predictor of morphological awareness. When morphological awareness was receptively measured, i.e., learners analyzed and identified derivational suffixes, higher levels of awareness were reached even at the lowest proficiency level. When it was productively measured, i.e., learners analyzed, identified, and manipulated derivational suffixes, mastery was only achieved by the most advanced learners. Thus, a partial awareness of morphology precedes a more complete awareness. Moreover, the number of derivational suffixes that these L2 learners manipulated was limited. Study 2 also surveys morphological awareness by making the participants of Study 1 infer the meaning and structure of unknown words. The findings suggest that though all learners rely on derivational morphology but advanced learners deploy morphological awareness the most. Study 3 examines the implicit knowledge of derivational morphology, specifically distributional and semantic knowledge, from the participants of Study 1 and 2. In a timed Lexical Decision Task, learners accurately distinguished violations from non-violations, i.e., learners were aware of distributional and semantic constraints. Learners’ reactions were also dependent on the suffix of the word, which suggests that every suffix can be independently learned and stored. These learners, however, did not show RTs that decreased with proficiency, which suggests they have yet to automatize derivational knowledge. Study 4 uses Borg’s framework (2003) to investigate classroom practices and teachers’ beliefs about derivational morphology for five Spanish instructors at a large university. The classroom observations reveal that derivational teaching is mostly unplanned, incidental, scarce, and, on occasion, ambiguous. Neither textbooks nor teaching training emphasize the teaching of derivational morphology.
Population structure and size-dependent reproductive effort in Umbilicaria spodochroa

Abstract The size structure and the relationship between individual thallus size and apothecium production was investigated in crowded populations of the saxicolous, umbilicate lichen Umbilicaria spodochroa in coastal cliff communities in southern Norway. There was a strong positive correlation between apothecium production and the mass and diameter of individual thalli. The study also indicated the existence of developmental maturation thresholds, a minimum diameter and mass that has to be reached before apothecium production can commence. Linearity of the relationship between thallus mass, thallus upper surface area and minimum number of apothecia produced after maturation suggests that in these size stages there is a constant proportion of resource allocation to reproduction. The populations exhibited pronounced size hierarchies, commonly with many small individuals and fewer big ones. Thus at any time the few large thalli contribute more to the propagation of the population than many of the more numerous small individuals. The Gini-coefficient of inequality of mass between individuals ranged from 0.48 to 0.70 in the sampled populations and was correlated with population density.
Review and identification of the cuckoo bees of central Europe (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Sphecodes )

We reviewed nomenclature, biology, hosts, geographical distribution and compiled an identification key for all 33 Sphe- codes Latreille, 1804 species known from central Europe. The identification key is separated for females and males andinclude 204 figures (photographs) of identification characters as well as male genitalia of all species. Taxonomically dif-ficult groups within the genus were critically studied and new characters, as well as corrected geographical distribution,are presented, i.e., the S. reticulatus group (S. alternatus Smith, 1853, S. crassanus Warncke, 1992 and S. reticulatus Thomson, 1870), S. croaticus group (S. croaticus Meyer, 1922, S. pseudofasciatus Bluthgen, 1925 and S. zangherii Nosk-iewicz, 1931) and S. miniatus group (S. marginatus Hagens, 1882, S. miniatus Hagens, 1882 and S. nomioidis Pesenko,1979). The name S. nomioidis is used because it is the only available name for the taxon formerly identified as S. margi- natus in Eastern Europe. Sphecodes capverdensis Pesenko & La Roche, 2002 is considered to be a junior synonym of S. pinguiculus Perez, 1903 (syn. nov.). In addition we summarized all known host records of Sphecodes, including a discussion of the likelihood of published data and presentation of new host data.
VLSI implementation of a high speed second order sigma-delta modulator with high-performance integrators

Oversampling analog-to-digital converters based on second-order sigma-delta (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/) modulation are attractive for VLSI implementation because they are tolerant of circuit nonidealities and component mismatch. This paper compares a high speed second-order /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator to several alternative modulator architectures in the context of large bandwidth signal acquisition. Design details are presented for 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS implementation. The experimental modulator is a fully differential circuit that operates from a /spl plusmn/3 V power supply and does not require the use of precision sample-and-hold circuitry. With an input bandwidth of 20 MHz and a clock rate of 160 MHz, the modulator reaches 26 dB signal-to-quantization noise (power) ratio (SQNR) using spectra simulation. All the elements of this design have implemented using switched-capacitor circuit techniques. Two identical noninverting parasitics-insensitive lossless switch capacitor sharing integrators have been used in order to achieve a large bandwidth and a linear integration.
An exploration of lexical bundles in academic lectures: examples from hard and soft sciences

Recurrent word combinations that carry out specific function have long captured the attention of many linguists. Referred to as extended collocations,lexical bundles are frequently used in spoken and written discourse, helping to shape meaning and coherence in a text or speech. Frequent use of these bundles is indicative of fluency in linguistic production. In the last two decades, lexical bundles have begun to attract considerable attention in corpus-based research; however, there is still an open question of whether they are different across disciplines in spoken discourse. This study aims to explore how four-word lexical bundles are used in 24 academic lectures of hard and soft sciences taken from the British Academic Spoken English(BASE) corpus to see the possible variations in their frequency, structure and function. The present research also attempts to discover the manifestation of the identified bundles in introduction, body and closing sections of the lectures. Findings revealed some marked variations across the two divisions;in that, lecturers in each division appeared to apply different structures and functions in the use of lexical bundles in order to convey their message, so as to be as comprehensive as possible for the learners.
DNA barcoding and morphology support the division of Elachista nuraghella sensu auctorum (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae) into two vicariant species

Elachista nuraghella sensu auct. (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae) is shown to display a striking division of haplotype groups in theDNA barcode sequence, one widely distributed in the western Mediterranean region, the other in the east: Bulgaria, Greece andTurkey. The haplotypes correspond with constant differences in both male and female genitalia, and generally also in outerappearance. E. nuraghella Amsel is thus considered to consist of two species displaying a vicariant distribution pattern. The eastern taxon is described as Elachista grotenfelti Kaila sp. nov.
The role of standing variation in geographic convergent adaptation

The extent to which populations experiencing shared selective pressures adapt through a shared genetic response is relevant to many questions in evolutionary biology. In a number of well studied traits and species, it appears that convergent evolution within species is common. In this paper, we explore how standing, genetic variation contributes to convergent genetic responses in a geographically spread population, extending our previous work on the topic. Geographically limited dispersal slows the spread of each selected allele, hence allowing other alleles – newly arisen mutants or present as standing variation – to spread before any one comes to dominate the population. When such alleles meet, their progress is substantially slowed – if the alleles are selectively equivalent, they mix slowly, dividing the species range into a random tessellation, which can be well understood by analogy to a Poisson process model of crystallization. In this framework, we derive the geographic scale over which a typical allele is expected to dominate, the time it takes the species to adapt as a whole, and the proportion of adaptive alleles that arise from standing variation. Finally, we explore how negative pleiotropic effects of alleles before an environment change can bias the subset of alleles that contribute to the species’ adaptive response. We apply the results to the many geographically localized G6PD deficiency alleles thought to confer resistance to malaria, where the large mutational target size makes it a likely candidate for adaptation from standing variation, despite the selective cost of G6PD deficiency alleles in the absence of malaria. We find the numbers and geographic spread of these alleles matches our predictions reasonably well, consistent with the view that they arose from a combination of standing variation and new mutations since the advent of malaria. Our results suggest that much of adaptation may be geographically local even when selection pressures are homogeneous. Therefore, we argue that caution must be exercised when arguing that strongly geographically restricted alleles are necessarily the outcome of local adaptation. We close by discussing the implications of these results for ideas of species coherence and the nature of divergence between species.
Shared genomic variants: identification of transmission routes using pathogen deep sequence data

Sequencing pathogen samples during a communicable disease outbreak is becoming an increasingly common procedure in epidemiological investigations. Identifying who infected whom sheds considerable light on transmission patterns, high-risk settings and subpopulations, and infection control effectiveness. Genomic data shed new light on transmission dynamics, and can be used to identify clusters of individuals likely to be linked by direct transmission. However, identification of individual routes of infection via single genome samples typically remains uncertain. Here, we investigate the potential of deep sequence data to provide greater resolution on transmission routes, via the identification of shared genomic variants. We assess several easily implemented methods to identify transmission routes using both shared variants and genetic distance, demonstrating that shared variants can provide considerable additional information in most scenarios. While shared variant approaches identify relatively few links in the presence of a small transmission bottleneck, these links are highly confident. Furthermore, we proposed hybrid approach additionally incorporating phylogenetic distance to provide greater resolution. We apply our methods to data collected during the 2014 Ebola outbreak, identifying several likely routes of transmission. Our study highlights the power of pathogen deep sequence data as a component of outbreak investigation and epidemiological analyses.
The higher order modes in the feeds of the satellite monopulse tracking antennas

Corrugated horns have been widely applied as optimum feeds for reflector antennas due to the characteristics associated with their rotationally symmetric radiation field patterns which have very low side lobe and cross-polar levels. Most ground stations now use Cassegrain antennas with conical corrugated feed horns for satellite tracking and control as they are optimum systems which can support high gains, better efficiencies, and low cross-polar components. These systems utilize the hybrid HE/sub 11/ mode for the main signal and one or two of the following modes, TM/sub 01/, TE/sub 01/, (HE/sub 21/ or TE/sub 21/) for creation of the error signals that are used by the automatic tracking units to derive the angular tracking information. The antenna systems use both the TM/sub 01/ and TE/sub 01/ modes for monopulse tracking. Nearly all the antenna systems now extract the tracking information from the HE/sub 21/ or TE/sub 21/ modes in corrugated or in smooth waveguides respectively. The. tracking mode sensor extracts the higher-order-mode signal from a circular overmoded waveguide section following the corrugated antenna feed. It is explained how the tracking information can be extracted from the HE/sub 21/ or TE/sub 21/ signals.
Modal Space Subdivision for Physically-plausible 4D Shape Sequence Completion from Sparse Samples

Subdivision techniques are powerful and ubiquitous in generating smooth surfaces from coarse 3D polygonal models, yet space-time subdivision remains unexplored when the goal is to produce dense physically-realistic shape sequence with smooth transition from a set of sparse 3D model samples. In this paper, we considers a completely data-driven strategy and proposes a novel modal space subdivision scheme to facilitate the rapid generation of physically-plausible "in-between" shapes from sparse model samples. The key idea of our approach is to abstract any shape as a point in modal space, represent its potential deformation with shape modes, and iteratively seek all the intermediate shapes between two consecutive models in the modal space via recursive subdivision. Meanwhile, to guarantee deformation details, we further interpolate the shape in the local regions after global modal-space subdivision. Comprehensive experiments on various model inputs have demonstrated the power, versatility, high performance, and potential of our modal space subdivision scheme.
A simplistic dynamic circuit analogue of adaptive transport networks in true slime mold

This paper presents a simplistic dynamic circuit analogue for an adaptive transport network model in true slime mold by Tero et al. This circuit analogue model is derived from Tero’s model through nontrivial simplification under certain assumptions, and it realizes less computational complexity through a reduction of the number of variables. Despite of its simplicity, systematic simulations confirm that the shortest path search task is efficiently accomplished with this model; (i) the shortest path is always identified, for various random networks; (ii) if there are multiple, competing shortest paths in the network, they are simultaneously identified; and (iii) for random deletions of a link in the shortest path, a new shortest path is quickly identified accordingly. The model proposed here is easily implemented on the circuit simulator SPICE for instance, and hence the path search time will be further reduced with certain numerical devices including automatic adaptive numerical integration schemes as well as an acceleration method proposed in the end of the paper.
Simultaneous control of stemness and differentiation by the transcription factor Escargot in adult stem cells: How can we tease them apart?

ABSTRACT The homeostatic turnover of adult organs and their regenerative capacity following injury depend on a careful balance between stem cell self-renewal (to maintain or enlarge the stem cell pool) and differentiation (to replace lost tissue). We have recently characterized the role of the Drosophila Snail family transcription factor escargot (esg) in testis cyst stem cells (CySCs)1,2 and intestinal stem cells (ISCs). 3,4 CySCs mutant for esg are not maintained as stem cells, but they remain capable of differentiating normally along the cyst cell lineage. In contrast, esg mutant CySCs that give rise to a closely related lineage, the apical hub cells, cannot maintain hub cell identity. Similarly, Esg maintains stemness of ISCs while regulating the terminal differentiation of progenitor cells into absorptive enterocytes or secretory enteroendocrine cells. Therefore, our findings suggest that Esg may play a conserved and pivotal regulatory role in adult stem cells, controlling both their maintenance and terminal differentiation. Here we propose that this dual regulatory role is due to simultaneous control by Esg of overlapping genetic programs and discuss the exciting challenges and opportunities that lie ahead to explore the underlying mechanisms experimentally.
OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE RED SWAMP CRAYFISH (PROCAMBARUS CLARKII) AS INFLUENCED BY TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIOD

ABSTRACT The effect of combinations of each of two photoperiods (14L: 10D and 10L:14D) and each of two temperatures (20°C and 27°C) on ovarian development in mature red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) was evaluated as measured by gonadosomatic index (GSI). Mean GSI for all treatments increased over time from an initial value of 0.063% to a final range of 0.481― 1.225% after 70 days. The effect of temperature and photoperiod varied at different sampling periods with temperature being significant at day 14 and photoperiod being significant at day 70. Interaction of the two variables was significant at day 56. Regression analysis indicated that the mean rate of increase of the GSI over time under the cold temperature (20°C), short photoperiod (10L: 14D) regime was significantly lower than those for all other treatments. Ovaries of females held under long photoperiod (14L: 10D) had the greatest mean rate of increase of GSI, but not significantly greater than that of the warm temperature (27°C), short photoperiod treatment. Mean rates of increase of whole body weight of crayfish in the warm temperature treatments were significantly greater than those for the cold water treatments but were not accompanied by significant increases in mean ovarian weights. Field data and laboratory results collectively suggest that temperature controls the onset of ovarian development which is accelerated by increasing day length.
Nitrogen use efficiency of competing individuals in a dense stand of an annual herb, {\sl Chenopodium album}

The concept of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) offers a powerful tool to study plant strategies with respect to nutrient limitation. We studied the NUE of an annual herb, Chenopodium album, in a dense monospecific stand using the concept introduced by Berendse and Aerts. Larger individuals absorbed more N in greater proportions relative to their size, suggesting that the competition for soil nitrogen was asymmetric (one-sided) among individual plants in the stand. Nitrogen loss from individuals also increased with plant size. Nitrogen influx (r in, the rate of N uptake per unit aboveground N) was greater in larger individuals while nitrogen outflux (r out, the rate of N loss per unit aboveground N) was the reverse. Therefore, the relative rate of nitrogen increment (r in-r out) was greater in larger individuals whereas it was around zero in the smallest plants. Larger individuals decreased their N concentration with time while smaller individuals showed little change in N concentration. These results suggested that the growth of smaller individuals was limited by light availability rather than by N availability, and N limitations were greater in larger individuals. Individual plants in this dense stand of C. album differed in their N economy. NUE and its components, i.e., MRT and NP, were different among individuals in the stand. Both NP and MRT were positively related to plant size. Larger individuals had longer MRT and higher NP, both of which contributed to higher NUE, than the smaller individuals. No trade-off relationship between NP and MRT was found at the intraspecific level. This study showed that the concept of NUE defined by Berendse and Aerts offered a powerful tool in studing plant strategies within species as well as among species.
Myers-Briggs Personality Classification and Personality-Specific Language Generation Using Pre-trained Language Models

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a popular personality metric that uses four dichotomies as indicators of personality traits. This paper examines the use of pre-trained language models to predict MBTI personality types based on scraped labeled texts. The proposed model reaches an accuracy of $0.47$ for correctly predicting all 4 types and $0.86$ for correctly predicting at least 2 types. Furthermore, we investigate the possible uses of a fine-tuned BERT model for personality-specific language generation. This is a task essential for both modern psychology and for intelligent empathetic systems.
Wall-Crossings for Hassett Descendant Potentials

This paper solves the combinatorics relating the intersection theory of $\psi $-classes of Hassett spaces to that of $\overline{{\mathcal{M}}}_{g,n}$. A generating function for intersection numbers of $\psi $-classes on all Hassett spaces is obtained from the Gromov–Witten potential of a point via a non-invertible transformation of variables. When restricting to diagonal weights, the changes of variables are invertible and explicitly described as polynomial functions. Finally, the comparison of potentials is extended to the level of cycles: the pinwheel cycle potential, a generating function for tautological classes of rational tail type on $\overline{{\mathcal{M}}}_{g,n}$ is the right instrument to describe the pull-back to $\overline{{\mathcal{M}}}_{g,n}$ of all monomials of $\psi $-classes on Hassett spaces.
Pseudrotasfer microincubator gen. et spec. nov., a brooding cucumariid holothurian (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida) from the Burdwood Bank (south-western Atlantic Ocean)

A new brooding cucumariid holothurian, Pseudrotasfer microincubator gen. et sp. nov. has been discovered in samples taken by the LAMPOS expedition with FS “Polarstern” at Burdwood Bank in the south-western Atlantic Ocean. This species is characterised by peculiar wheel-like baskets in its outer body wall and a deeper layer of simple large perforated plates, that require the establishment of a new genus. The new genus and species are characterised, and a description is provided of its external and internal morphology, including a SEM study of its ossicles.