Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Palavras-chave: jogo intergenerational; jogo; percepção do pai. PERCEPTION OF PLAY IN TURKISH CULTURE

The main purpose of the study was to gain better awareness of how Turkish parents perceive the play. Participants were 340 mothers of the nursery children who responded to two questionnaires, which have the feature of completing each other, for one of their children aged between four and five. The responses given by mothers for each play-related question were evaluated by using frequencies and percentages. Results showed that Turkish parents are directive and controlling playmates, and majority reflected traditional belief that play is for child not for adults and adults may involve in as a master. The results, when taken into account with together, made an interesting picture that mothers know what to do but somehow they are incapable how to do so. This is mostly because of the attitudes of parents toward play. Key-words: intergenerational play; play; parent perception. The phenomenon of play has been extensively investigated by many researchers in different disciplines from different aspects. The similar results in those research studies reveal that play is the main activity in childhood period (Eheart & Leavitt, 1985). We can classify the childhood plays as the play with toys, with peers and with adults (Liu Yan, 1996). Both traditional and contemporary theories concerning childhood play are generally interested in the plays children perform him/herself. They try to explain motivation and satisfaction of a child as individual. When they determine the impacts of factors on child play, they usually focus on the cognitive and enthusiastic condition of the player, gender differences or where the play takes place. On the other hand, there are about 200 investigations in the literature focused on the effect concerning the adult-child play which the influence of play on child is a bit exaggerated (Goldstein, J. 1996). Also it is put forward that this influence caused to perceive one way communication from adult to child. Two major theoretical frameworks have played a main role in shaping and organizing the research on play. For a long period, the dominant influence was clearly that of Piaget. In Piaget’s view, changes in cognitive development provide the basis for changes in play. According to Piaget, play does not lead to further cognitive development. Play simply reflects the level of cognitive development that has been 1 Artigo recebido para publicação em 20/10/2004; aceito em 04/05/ 2005. 2 Endereço para correspondência: Aynur Oksal, Uludag University Faculty of Education, Uludag Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi, TR16059 Bursa / Turkey, E-mail: aynuroksal@yahoo.com Paidéia, 2005, 15(30), 69-77
Akarkara: a versatile medicinal plant – a review

Ayurveda, the science of living beings is the ancient system of medicine of India. Since Indian philosophy is reflected in Ayurveda, the principles of Ayurveda are very pervasive. The actual purpose of Ayurveda is to live the life with physical, mental, social and spiritual wellbeing. In Ayurveda numerous plants are described for fulfilling its purpose. One of those plants is Akarkara (Anacyclus pyrethrum L.) . Basically, Akarkara is described in Unani system of medicine as an amazing drug used in various ailments. Later on, due to its multidimensional uses, it also has been included in the Ayurvedic text written in & after the medieval era. Shodhal Nighantu has described firstly Akarkara as one of the potent aphrodisiac drug. Here, an attempt is made to review its scattered multi-dimensional health benefits quoted in Ayurvedic and Unani treatises and validated through scientific researches in laboratories.
Strain‐Responsive Polyurethane/PEDOT:PSS Elastomeric Composite Fibers with High Electrical Conductivity

It is a challenge to retain the high stretchability of an elastomer when used in polymer composites. Likewise, the high conductivity of organic conductors is typically compromised when used as filler in composite systems. Here, it is possible to achieve elastomeric fiber composites with high electrical conductivity at relatively low loading of the conductor and, more importantly, to attain mechanical properties that are useful in strain‐sensing applications. The preparation of homogenous composite formulations from polyurethane (PU) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) that are also processable by fiber wet‐spinning techniques are systematically evaluated. With increasing PEDOT:PSS loading in the fiber composites, the Young's modulus increases exponentially and the yield stress increases linearly. A model describing the effects of the reversible and irreversible deformations as a result of the re‐arrangement of PEDOT:PSS filler networks within PU and how this relates to the electromechanical properties of the fibers during the tensile and cyclic stretching is presented.
EU farmers' intentions to invest in 2014-2020: complementarity between asset classes

This article aims to analyse the determinants of EU farmers' intentions to invest in the period 2014-2020. It analysed data of a survey of 780 farmers interviewed in spring 2013, covering 6 EU countries (Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, Poland) and four different farm types (arable crops, livestock, perennial crops and mixed farms). A multivariate probit model is used in order to determine the factors explaining the willingness to invest or not to invest in various farm asset classes (land, building, machinery, training) by the surveyed farmers. The multivariate probit allows taking into account the possibility of simultaneous investments and the potential correlations among these investment decisions. We find that investments in different asset classes are complementary. Farmers willing to invest in one asset class are also willing to invest in other asset classes, after controlling for observable characteristics such as farm size, specialization, farmer's age. This paper contributes to the limited literature on farmers' investment decisions at EU-level. Future versions of the paper will include the marginal effects, as well as improved justification of the methodology and interpretation of the results.
Acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous ethanol extract of root bark of Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae)

Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae) is a folk medicinal plant used in Burkina Faso to treat inflammatory, noxious and infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous ethanol extract of root bark of the plant and evaluate its acute toxicity. Carrageenan was used to induce oedema and leukocyte migration; acetic acid was used to induce vascular permeability in order to evaluate anti-inflammatory properties of the plant extract. The acute toxicity was evaluated using mice. The aqueous ethanol extract of X. americana administered intraperitoneally is fairly toxic in mice with a LD50 of 345 mg/kg of body weight. The extract inhibited paw swelling, polymorphonuclear neutrophil and leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan. Moreover, the extract (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg) reduced vascular permeability induced by acetic acid. Aqueous ethanol extract of root bark of X. americana (Olacaceae) possesses anti- inflammatory properties by inhibiting oedema, pain, cell migration and increased vascular permeability. Key words: Ximenia americana, anti-inflammatory activity, acute toxicity, root bark.
20ma Reunión Internacional de GiESCO

Spontaneous cover cropping is a common practice in Mediterranean vineyards because it is often seen as less competitive and easier to manage than sown covercrops. However, the services provided by the spontaneous flora highly depend on the species, these latter being influenced by the soil management practices. This study analyzes the specific and functional composition of the vineyard flora as influenced by three soil management strategies. To do so, weed cover was sampled at 5 dates during two years after the settlement of the experiment in a vineyard in the South of France. The three soil management treatments were: a control treatment (C) corresponding to a spontaneous cover regularly mowed, a spontaneous cover with organic amendment application each year (OF) and a green manure (Vicia faba) sown in autumn and incorporated at budburst (GM). 122 different species corresponding to 27 families, were identified (25 to 41 different species per treatment at a date), with only five species in more than 50% of the quadrats, while a majority of species, 85 out of 122 were present in less than 10%. The functional approach allows characterizing spontaneous vegetation according to species trait values and the ecosystem services they may provide: for example, the species being uncompetitive for vineyards while improving soil fertility are Crepis foetida and Lactuca serriola. On the contrary, species such as Geranium rotundifolium are more competitive and less interesting for soil fertility. This study contributes to a first identification of the soil management practices that can drive the trajectories of the spontaneous flora towards the best composition, hereby contributing to design more sustainable grapevine systems.
Hypernomadization of Society Within the Context of Monopolization of the Software Market

Based on chosen aspects of the idea of software subscription as well as the Microsoft Corporation's . NET project, the author attempts to show that monopolistic actions on the software market cause conditions for an assumption of total control over the global ICT infrastructure, which may in the future threaten society with hypernomadization. This may in turn radically change relations between individuals and, e.g., the institution of state itself. This text is a continuation of the task initiated by the paper The Discontinuity of Cultural Process in the Digital Civilization Main Dangers. [Kocikowski, 2001]. This assignment focuses on a systematic display of the dark sides of the information revolution, particularly in regard to all that is connected with the lack of social control over the actions of corporate giants in the information
African American Student Athletes' Perceptions of Career Transition in Sport: a qualitative and visual elicitation

This study focuses on 26 African American athletes and explores their perceptions of athletic career transition. Participants consisted of student athletes from a United States National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division IIA institution in the Southeastern region. Participants completed the Life After Sports Scale (LASS), a 58-item inventory utilized to qualitatively and quantitatively examine seven different domains which influence perceptions of the career transition process. The scope of this inquiry examines the qualitative domain of the LASS in which participants were visually primed with a narrative description of a student athlete that has made transition out of sport successfully. Five major themes emerged from the African American student athletes' perceptions of the career transition process: Inspirational Imagery Validation, Academic and Athletic Success, Classroom Accomplishments, Family Devotion, and Life After Sports. These themes are discussed in relation to relevant career development theories, athletic identity theory from the sport psychology literature, and applicable race and racial theories to sport in higher education. Future research directions and limitations are articulated.
Hydrogen and helium emission of the symbiotic binary AG Draconis during an active phase (1996–1997)

High resolutions observations of the regions of the H α and $\ion{He}{ii}$ 4868 lines of the symbiotic star AG Dra were performed during its time of activity in 1996–1997. Profiles, fluxes and radial velocity data of these lines as well as the line $\ion{He}{i}$ 4713 were obtained. The H α fluxes changed in correlation with the optical light. The emission measure of the circumbinary nebula of the system at several epochs during its 1994–1998 active phase was also calculated using Balmer continuum emission on the basis of U photometric data from the literature. It was increased by factors up to 36 above its quiescent maximal value. After the 1996 and 1997 light maxima the profile of the $\ion{He}{ii}$ 4868 line contained a broad emission component indicating mainly a stellar wind from the hot secondary with a velocity of $1100\div1300$ km s -1 . The mass-loss rate of this star was estimated to be about $1\div2$ 10 -7 (d/1.7 kpc)$^{3/2}~M_{\odot}$ yr -1 . The growth of its Lyman luminosity however is not sufficient to explain the increased nebular emission during the active phase. A view that this emission could be the result of both a rise of the mass-loss rate of the cool giant of the system and a rise of the Lyman flux of the hot luminous secondary, being in a steady-state burning regime during the quiescence, is discussed.
Endogenous Growth Theory in a Vintage Capital Model

This is a model of quality ladder of machines in an endogenous growth context, when some machines are scrapped while others coexist with the latest variety, with the economic life of machines endogenously determined as in old vintage-capital models. Policies that affect this economic life of machines (for example, those influencing the gross savings or investment rate, or trade policy in a two-sector open economy) will have an effect on the long-run growth rate.
Behavioral immune system methods: Surveying the present to shape the future

In the short history of behavioral immune system (BIS) research, scholars have developed a number of empirical strategies for testing BIS hypotheses. These strategies have led to a wide variety of methods for testing (putatively) similar BIS hypotheses. The current article provides an overview of the 3 most frequent methods used in BIS research: cross-population correlations, experimental priming, and surveying individual differences. We first review and question the fundamental assumptions underlying each method. Then, we question the degree to which these methods can be used to test the same hypotheses. Finally, we use these methodological considerations to propose directions for future, theory-driven research on the BIS.
Effects of Friendship in Transactions in an Emerging Market: Empirical Evidence from Brazil

In the emerging field of behavioral finance, including human behavior aspects and implications of cognitive phsychology and anthropology in decisions are considered. The formulated hypotheses were tested by way of 400 questionairres answered by students enrolled in MBA programs. The principal results reached suggest that individuals involved in transactions among friends or among strangers assume different behaviors, friends agree about the price attributed to an asset, while strangers show the propensity to bargain.
OSSE for a sustainable marine observing network in the Marmara Sea

Abstract. An observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) is presented in the Marmara Sea. A high resolution ocean circulation model (FESOM) and an ensemble data assimilation tool (DART) are coupled. The OSSE methodology is used to assess the possible impact of a ferrybox network in the eastern Marmara Sea. A reference experiment without assimilation is performed. Then, synthetic temperature and salinity observations are assimilated along the track of the ferries in the second experiment. The results suggest that a ferrybox network in the Marmara Sea may improve the forecasts significantly. The salinity and temperature errors get smaller in the upper layer of the water column. The impact of the assimilation is negligible in the lower layer due to the strong stratification. The circulation in the Marmara Sea, particularly the Bosphorus outflow, helps to propagate the error reduction towards the western basin where no assimilation is performed. Overall, the proposed ferrybox network can be a good start to design an optimal sustained marine observing network in the Marmara Sea for assimilation purposes.
II . Achievement In Mathematics In Relation To Variables Studied

The quality of teaching and learning mathematics has been one of the major challenges and concerns of educators. If we consider a group of students, a few students are found to be high achievers on the one hand and a few are low achievers on the other. The question arises why such a difference in achievement appears? Is this difference due to certain factors? or Is there any single factor or host of factors which account for all the differences in mathematics achievement ? These questions often appear in the minds of the Educators, Educationists and the Psychologists, but with hardly satisfactory answers. In this paper a comprehensive review of the related literature is done to identify the factors affecting the mathematics achievement of students. Review of the related literature reflect that the most preferential variables is in psychological category are Intelligence, Attitude towards Mathematics, Self-concept, Numerical Ability and Math Anxiety; among Social variables the variables which were considered very widely are Socio-economic Status, Parental Involvement & Parents Education and among Biographical variables most frequently considered variable is Sex.
Financial Valuation and Risk Management Working Paper No . 192 Geographic versus Industry Diversification : Constraints Matter

This research addresses whether geographic diversification provides benefits over industry diversification in a sample of European country and industry indexes. The methodology allows performance comparisons with short-selling constraints, upper and lower bounds, and many benchmarks. In the absence of constraints, no empirical evidence is found to support the argument that country diversification is a superior approach. In the case of realistic weights on portfolios such as short-selling, and lower or upper bonds, geographic diversification performs (significantly) better. The contrary results appear to be attributable to the fact that industry portfolios are better suited to eliminate the single dominant factor risk in stock returns. Further out-of-sample analysis shows that geographic diversifi∗Ehling is from the Finance Department, Smeal College of Business, Penn State University. Ramos is from the Department of Finance and Accounting, ISCTE-Business School. Financial support from the National Center of Competence in Research, “Financial Valuation and Risk Management” (Ehling) and the Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Ramos), is gratefully acknowledged. The National Center of Competence in Research is managed by the Swiss National Science Foundation on behalf of the Swiss federal authorities.
NONPARAMETRIC INSTRUMENTAL REGRESSION WITH ERRORS IN VARIABLES

This paper considers nonparametric instrumental variable regression when the endogenous variable is contaminated with classical measurement error. Existing methods are inconsistent in the presence of measurement error. We propose a wavelet deconvolution estimator for the structural function that modifies the generalized Fourier coefficients of the orthogonal series estimator to take into account the measurement error. We establish the convergence rates of our estimator for the cases of mildly/severely ill-posed models and ordinary/super smooth measurement errors. We characterize how the presence of measurement error slows down the convergence rates of the estimator. We also study the case where the measurement error density is unknown and needs to be estimated, and show that the estimation error of the measurement error density is negligible under mild conditions as far as the measurement error density is symmetric.
Effects of Perinatal Polychlorinated Biphenyl Mixtures on Estrogen Receptor Beta, Hippocampus, and Learning and Memory

Dr. Lee A. Meserve, Advisor Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 structurally related chemical compounds (congeners) that were once used in industrial applications. PCBs have been reported to cause a variety of health effects including endocrine disruption, immunologic, reproductive, and neurologic, behavioral deficits. They are not only a potential health threat to adult humans, but also to the developing fetus and infant because of perinatal exposure through placenta during pregnancy and through milk during lactation. In the present study, a mixture of two PCB congeners, non-coplanar (PCB 47) and coplanar (PCB 77), were administered to young female Sprague-Dawley rats by route of maternal dietary consumption (either 12.5 ppm or 25.0 ppm, w/w). Alterations in learning and memory were examined by radial arm maze on PND 27. After behavior tests were completed, the rats were transcardially perfused, and brains were excised. Immunohistochemistry for ERβ was carried out on free-floating sections. Sections were stained with cresyl violet stain, and hippocampal area was measured. A qualitative comparison suggested a greater intensity of ERβ staining in female rat hippocampus exposed to PCB 47/77 at 25 ppm concentration. A decrease in the hippocampal area measurement was observed in the case of PCB 25 exposed rats. Significant behavioral effects involving spatial learning and memory were not observed. However, animals exposed to PCB 47/77 at 25 ppm showed a trend toward improved performance. Taken together, these data support that low doses of PCB mixtures act as an endocrine disruptor, with subsequent effects on brain morphology and behavior.
Compatibility between Text Mining and Qualitative Research in the Perspectives of Grounded Theory, Content Analysis, and Reliability

The objective of this article is to illustrate that text mining and qualitative research are epistemologically compatible. First, like many qualitative research approaches, such as grounded theory, text mining encourages open-mindedness and discourages preconceptions. Contrary to the popular belief that text mining is a linear and fully automated procedure, the text miner might add, delete, and revise the initial categories in an iterative fashion. Second, text mining is similar to content analysis, which also aims to extract common themes and threads by counting words. Although both of them utilize computer algorithms, text mining is characterized by its capability of processing natural languages. Last, the criteria of sound text mining adhere to those in qualitative research in terms of consistency and replicability. Key Words: Text Mining, Content Analysis, Exploratory Data Analysis, Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, Grounded Theory, Reliability, and Validity
Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) branches show acclimation of xylem anatomy and hydraulic properties to increased light after thinning

Hydraulic acclimation of Fagus sylvatica L. was analysed in response to forest thinning. Several months after thinning, leaf and xy- lem water potential and stomatal conductance of thinned branches were compared to sun-exposed and shade branches. We characterised vulne- rability to cavitation for branches taken from these three treatments. We compared effect of thinning on xylem anatomy (mean vessel diameter, vessel density). Thinned branches exhibited higher stomatal conductance and lower leaf water potential. These results were well correlated with vulnerability to cavitation. Thinned branches were less vulnerable than shade branches and mean vessel diameter and vessel density increased in thinned branches. These differences showed a partial hydraulic acclimation to climate changes. We confirmed that vulnerability to cavitation and xylem anatomy in Fagus sylvatica acclimate to changing light conditions, and we concluded that hydraulic architecture acclimates sufficien- tly fast after environmental changes to protect xylem from dysfunction while maintaining open stomata.