Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the impact of the interest rates changes announced by Narodowy Bank Polski (NBP) on the financial markets in the high, medium and low level of interest rates environments in Poland

The objective of this study is the analysis of the Polish financial market’s responses to interest rates changes announced by the Narodowy Bank Polski (NBP) during the period when they evolved from high to low levels. We use GARCH models and we focus comprehensively on four market segments, i.e.: foreign exchange market, stock market, bonds market and derivatives market. The sample period covers over 17 years from August 2000 until December 2017. Reactions of the financial market in Poland were measured with respect to the nominal changes in interest rates and to their surprise changes (relative to market expectations). The main conclusion from our study is that in all the investigated market segments the Polish financial market became consistently less responsive to interest rates decisions in the lower interest rates environment. Furthermore, stronger reactions in foreign exchange market and in stock market were detected in case of interest rates changing upwards rather than downwards, however in bonds market this effect was opposite. When interest rates were announced at different level than expected, the picture is ambiguous. Moreover, the effects in the conditional variance of the GARCH models indicate the existence of stabilizing effects of the NBP communication on the stock market in Poland, but the estimation results for other market segments are mixed.
In the Flesh - The Politics of Abortion in Ireland

Centuries ago, Women accused of witchcraft faced, amongst other ordeals, Trial by water [. ] A body is a body is a body is a body is a body is a body is a body Not a house. Not a city. Not a vessel, not a country The laws of the church have no place on your flesh [. ] We ask for the land over the water. Home over trial. Choice over none. For our foremothers, ourselves, the generations yet to come Witches or women these are our bodies which shall not be given up
Financial Disclosure and Bond Insurance

Regulators typically assume that public financial disclosure is necessary for the efficient functioning of capital markets. Economists recognize that other mechanisms, such as insurance, can mitigate problems that occur when buyers have less information than sellers. We examine whether public financial disclosures and bond insurance are substitutes. Our data are from municipal issuers in Michigan, where financial disclosure is required by the state, and Pennsylvania, where disclosure is unregulated. We study municipal issuers because they are not covered by federal securities laws and state laws often allow issuers to choose the level of financial disclosure. Overall, we find that when disclosure is unregulated, issuers substitute between disclosure and insurance. When disclosure is required by state law, issuers use less insurance. Our results imply that required accounting disclosure is not necessarily optimal since rational issuers will trade off public disclosure and insurance when free to do so.
Evaluation of Village Fund Allocation on Indonesia

This study focuses on evaluation on Village Fund Allocation through on examining the effect of the Village Fund Allocation on Capital Expenditure, Economic Growth, Poverty, and Social Welfare. Using secondary data and purposive sampling method, this study has 411 districts as the samples with criteria in 2015. This study used Partial Least Square (PLS) to predict relationships between variables. Before doing the analysis of PLS, Klassen typology analysis was conducted. In Klassen typology, the districts in Indonesia were grouped into 4 quadrants, namely quadrant I (developing area), quadrant II (prime area), quadrant III (potential area), and quadrant IV (backward area). PLS test results (using a sample of districts throughout Indonesia) indicate that all hypotheses are not supported. Whereas in the classification of Klassen typology (using samples in each quadrant) only in certain quadrants a hypothesis is supported. This shows that the Village Fund Allocation has not had a significant impact on the economy of the Indonesian people.
Percieved effects of information and communication technologies in agricultural extension service delivery in Owerri West Lga of Imo State, Nigeria

ICTs devices have great potential for use in agricultural extension delivery and are increasingly being used without corresponding research into their optimal use. The study analyzed the effects of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in agricultural extension in Owerri West Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study described the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers, identified the level of awareness of farmers on ICTs devices, described the type of ICTs devices available for use in agricultural extension delivery, examined the effectiveness of ICTs devices and identified the barriers farmers face in the use of ICT devices. Sample size comprised fifty (50) farming households selected using simple random sampling techniques. Structured questionnaire was the main tool for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools and multiple regression analysis. Mean age was 45 years. Majority (74.0%) were male and about 76.0% were married with a mean household size of 6 persons. Mean farming experience was 20 years, while about 78. 0% were members of farmers’ associations. Average monthly farm income was ₦49, 500.00. Greater proportions (58.0%) did not have access to extension agents. Sizable proportions (82.00%) were highly aware of various ICT tools used in agricultural extension. Estimated multiple regression models revealed that the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers have a significant influence on their level of effectiveness in use of ICTs devices. Farmers identified high cost of ICTs devices (94.00%) and inadequate power supply (86.00%) as their barriers in the use of ICTs devices in the area. It was recommended that seminars and workshops should be organized for farmers on the use of various ICTs devices as this would enhance their use of ICT and promote effective agricultural delivery.Keywords: Agricultural extension, Information and Communication Technology), Extension services, Imo State
Adversarialism in informal, collaborative, and ‘soft’ inquisitorial settings: lawyer roles in child welfare legal environments

ABSTRACT This article explores the challenges and benefits of increased legal representation in child welfare hearings, with reference to the Scottish Children’s Hearings System. We look at the role and impact of adversarial behaviours within legal environments intended to follow an informal, collaborative approach. We analyse the views of 66 individuals involved in the Hearings System, including reporters, social workers, panel members and lawyers, collected through four focus groups and 12 interviews held in 2015. We place this analysis in the context of previous research. Our findings identify concern about adversarialism, inter-professional tensions and various challenges associated with burgeoning legal representation. Difficulties stem from disparate professional values and perceived threats to the ethos of hearings. We conclude it is difficult, but possible, to incorporate an adversarial element into such forums. Doing so may help to protect rights and potentially improve decision-making for children and families. The article concludes by considering implications for the practice of lawyers and others.
Restorative Solutions for Anterior Teeth in Early Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries can often result in total destruction of primary anterior teeth. There is a plethora of options for restoring such teeth. However, there is insufficient clinical evidence to suggest that one type of restoration is superior to another. The article aims to review the past and recent restorative options for restoring primary anterior teeth affected by early childhood caries, based on their in-vivo clinical performance over a period of time. The electronic databases and hand-performed journal searches identified 46 relevant documents. The variables to decide the long term outcome of the restorative material chosen were operator preferences, esthetic demands by parents, the child’s behavior, amount of remaining tooth structure and moisture and hemorrhage control. A lack of long term, controlled clinical data prevents the validation or endorsement of any of the restorative options for repairing carious or traumatized anterior primary teeth.
University academics’ state emotions and appraisal antecedents: an intraindividual analysis

ABSTRACT This study investigates university academics’ emotions in the moment they occurred, and value and control appraisal dimensions on an intraindividual level. Applying the Experience-Sampling method, N = 50 German university academics reported their current emotions and appraisals for two weeks. A total of N = 1691 state assessments were collected. Positive emotions were reported as more intensely compared to negative emotions. Multilevel multiple regression analysis indicated that significant amounts of the variances in the emotions can be explained by value and control appraisals. In addition, the analyses yielded significant correlations between emotions and appraisals: appraisals of value and of self-determination were related to positive emotions, whereas time-pressure and control appraisals were related to negative emotions.
Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy With Adjunctive Topical Metronidazole + Piroxicam Gel Compared With Piroxicam Gel in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis

Background: Host modulation therapy represents a treatment concept in which drug therapies are applied as an adjunctive therapy to conventional periodontal treatments to counteract the destructive effects of the host inflammatory response. Methods: This is a randomized split-mouth clinical trial in which a total of 40 outpatients diagnosed with mild-moderate chronic periodontitis with at least two pairs of contralateral anatomically matching proximal tooth surfaces showing probing depth of ≥5 mm were enrolled. Full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) was performed for all patients and pockets larger than 5 mm were selected for application of the studied gels. The selected sites were randomly divided into group A (piroxicam + metronidazole) and group B (piroxicam). Recall appointments were scheduled every two weeks within 3 months. The periodontal parameters, assessed in the molar teeth, also recorded that changes in clinical parameters during the study. Results: A total of 34 patients, with mean age of 45.2±8.6 (range 32-60) years, none of whom developed unpleasant side effect, were enrolled. Plaque index was significantly higher in group A; further it was a statistically significant difference in Bleeding on probing levels in group A at the baseline to last interval recall while current study. The results exhibited significant reductions in pocket depth within 3 months when compared to the baseline values, while the combination adjunctive therapy was more effective to reduce pocket depth. Furthermore, both groups showed a statistically significant mean reduction in clinical attachment level (CAL), but in the test group A had a higher CAL gain than in the control group B (P=0.039). Conclusions: The use of a combination of drugs can help reduce the clinical signs of periodontal disease, therefore, by changing the patient’s health habits along with periodontal treatment, the mechanical treatment that a microbial plaque can be obtained, and then the use of piroxicam + metronidazole gel as a complementary therapy, the recovery process can be accelerated.
Will They Even Hear Me? How Race Influences Citizen Complaint Outcomes

Abstract Scholarship has explored how representation influences policing services, but little is known as to what effect officer and citizen race influences outcomes related to police misconduct cases. This analysis of the Indianapolis and New Orleans police department applies representative bureaucracy theory to create expectations on how race impacts citizen complaint cases. The findings indicate that Black citizens are more likely to have their complaint sustained when filed against a White officer compared to a White citizen. Moreover, male citizens are less likely to have their complaint sustained compared to females.
MAX-DOAS NO 2 observations over Guangzhou, China; ground-based and satellite comparisons

Abstract. In this study, the tropospheric NO2 vertical column density (VCD) over an urban site in Guangzhou megacity in China is investigated by means of MAX-DOAS measurements during a campaign from late March 2015 to mid-March 2016. A MAX-DOAS system was deployed at the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and operated there for about 1 year, during the spring and summer months. The tropospheric NO2 VCDs retrieved by the MAX-DOAS are presented and compared with space-borne observations from GOME-2/MetOp-A, GOME-2/MetOp-B and OMI/Aura satellite sensors. The comparisons reveal good agreement between satellite and MAX-DOAS observations over Guangzhou, with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.795 for GOME-2B and 0.996 for OMI. However, the tropospheric NO2 loadings are underestimated by the satellite sensors on average by 25.1, 10.3 and 5.7 %, respectively, for OMI, GOME-2A and GOME-2B. Our results indicate that GOME-2B retrievals are closer to those of the MAX-DOAS instrument due to the lower tropospheric NO2 concentrations during the days with valid GOME-2B observations. In addition, the effect of the main coincidence criteria is investigated, namely the cloud fraction (CF), the distance (d) between the satellite pixel center and the ground-based measurement site, as well as the time period within which the MAX-DOAS data are averaged around the satellite overpass time. The effect of CF and time window criteria is more profound on the selection of OMI overpass data, probably due to its smaller pixel size. The available data pairs are reduced to half and about one-third for CF ≤ 0.3 and CF ≤ 0.2, respectively, while, compared to larger CF thresholds, the correlation coefficient is improved to 0.996 from about 0.86, the slope value is very close to unity ( ∼ 0.98) and the mean satellite underestimation is reduced to about half (from ∼ 7 to ∼ 3.5 × 1015 molecules cm−2). On the other hand, the distance criterion affects mostly GOME-2B data selection, because GOME-2B pixels are quite evenly distributed among the different radii used in the sensitivity test. More specifically, the number of collocations is notably reduced when stricter radius limits are applied, the r value is improved from 0.795 (d ≤ 50 km) to 0.953 (d ≤ 20 km), and the absolute mean bias decreases about 6 times for d ≤ 30 km compared to the reference case (d ≤ 50 km).
Pre-Service Language Teachers' Experiences in the Digital Storytelling Process

This study investigated pre-service language teachers' experiences and capabilities in digital storytelling (DST) about creating digital stories and their views on the use of DST in language teaching. A case study design was adopted. Eighty-three pre-service teachers participated in the study, and they created 25 digital stories. Data of this study came from the evaluation of digital stories and open-ended questionnaire. Pre-service teachers' digital stories were analyzed using rubrics and subjected to descriptive statistics. Moreover, the data from an open-ended questionnaire on pre-service teachers' perceptions regarding the DST in language teaching were analyzed using content analysis. The results revealed that despite being novice DST-developers, pre-service teachers were capable of creating digital stories. They reported that DST had the potential to enhance students' learning outcomes. In addition, they were eager to adopt DST in their future teaching. However, they complained that DST required too much time and effort with information and communication and pedagogical skills.
PERCEPTION OF PICTORIAL HEALTH WARNING ON CIGARETTE PACKS, SMOKING BEHAVIOUR AND WANT TO QUIT SMOKING AMONG STUDENTS UNDERGRADUATE OF STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA, INDONESIA

Background: Pictorial health warning on cigarette packs has been implemented since 2014, but smokers in Indonesia increase every years. Pictorial health warning on cigarette packs must be continuously evaluated regarding its effectiveness in reducing smoking behavior in Indonesia. Regulated about Regulations of pictorial health warning on cigarettes packs are expected to make smokers to quit smoking and regulations that have been in effect since 2014 should have been evaluated to see pictorial health warning on cigarettes packs that can change the behavior of smokers or prospective smokers in adolescents. This study aims to describe perceptions of pictorial health warning on cigarette packs and smoking behavior and intention to quits smoking of undergraduate student of state Islamic University of North Sumatra. Methodology : This research was conducted to students of the Islamic University of North Sumatra as many as 215 students. The study was conducted in March 2019 using a structured questionnaire that had been prepared. The data in this study will be presented in the form of frequency distributions and then the results are presented in the table. Results: The results of this study indicate that the respondents felt not fear with pictorial health warning on cigarette packs as many as 165 people (76.7%). For the smoking behavior of students it was found that as many as 147 people (68.4%) stated that they had not smoking and respondents who stated smokers as many as 68 people (31.6%), wanted to stop smoking after seeing picture health warning on cigarette packaging as many as 28 people (41.2%). Respondents who said they would continue smoking even though they had seen pictorial health warning on cigarette packs as many as 40 people (58.8%). Conclusion: The majority of students undergraduates of the North Sumatra State Islamic University (UIN SU) were not afraid when they saw pictorial health warning on cigarette packs and students undergraduates have smoking behaviour. Those who smoke said they wanted to stop smoking after seeing pictorial health warning on cigarette packs especially when looking at ppictorial health warning on cigarette packs related to smoking resulting in lung cancer.
Compton PET: a simulation study for a PET module with novel geometry and machine learning for position decoding

This paper describes a simulation study of a positron emission tomography (PET) detector module that can reconstruct the kinematics of Compton scattering within the scintillator. We used a layer structure, with which we could recover the positions and energies for the multiple interactions of a gamma ray in the different layers. Using the Compton scattering formalism, the sequence of interactions can be estimated. The true first interaction position extracted in the Compton scattering will help minimize the degradation of the reconstructed image resolution caused by intercrystal scatter events. Because of the layer structure, this module also has readily available user-defined resolution for the depth of interaction. The semi-monolithic crystals enable high light collection efficiency and an energy resolution of ∼10% has been achieved in the simulation. We used machine learning to decode the gamma ray interaction locations, achieving an average spatial resolution of 0.40 mm. Our proposed detector design provides a pathway to increase the sensitivity of a system without affecting other key performance features.
Relationship between asymmetrical jump-landing impact and quadriceps strength after unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Primary and secondary injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) often occur when athletes try to decelerate the body’s momentum during single-leg landing after jumping in sports such as basketball and handball [1,2]. To return to sports, 80–90% of athletes who experience primary ACL injury undergo reconstruction surgery and long-term postoperative rehabilitation [3-5]. The incidence of secondary injuries for the first 2–15 years after return to sports is 5.9–34% higher than that of primary injuries [6-9]. Moreover, athletes need a longer period of time to return to sports after revision reconstruction than after primary reconstruction [10].
The Development of Behavioral Difficulties in Hard-of-Hearing and Deaf Youth

Abstract This article critically reviews the existing literature examining the presence of behavioral difficulties in relation to language and parenting behaviors among hard-of-hearing youth. A collection of studies has researched the prevalence and development of externalizing behaviors in hard-of-hearing children that impact the well-being of the child and family. Previous literature has found that behavioral difficulties in hard-of-hearing youth contributed to increased parental stress and mental health concerns. Although the relationship between language and behavioral difficulties has been examined, minimal research evaluates the effects of parenting behaviors and parental stress on behavioral difficulties among hard-of-hearing youth. Further exploration within this population is necessary to inform treatment and prevention strategies.
Improving public policy and administration: exploring the potential of design

In recent years, design approaches to policymaking have gained popularity among policymakers. However, a critical reflection on their added value and on how contemporary ‘design-thinking’ approaches relates to the classical idea of public administration as a design science, is still lacking. This introductory paper reflects upon the use of design approaches in public administration. We delve into the more traditional ideas of design as launched by Simon and policy design, but also into the present-day design wave, stemming from traditional design sciences. Based upon this we distinguish between three ideal-type approaches of design currently characterising the discipline: design as optimisation, design as exploration and design as co-creation. More rigorous empirical analyses of applications of these approaches is necessary to further develop public administration as a design science. We reflect upon the question of how a more designerly way of thinking can help to improve public administration and public policy.
Rank Incentives and Social Learning: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial

In a 1-year randomized controlled trial involving thousands of university students, we provide real-time private feedback on relative performance in a semester-long online assignment. Within this setup, our experimental design cleanly identifies the behavioral response to rank incentives (i.e., the incentives stemming from an inherent preference for high rank). We find that rank incentives not only boost performance in the related assignment, but also increase the average grade across all course exams taken over the semester by 0.21 standard deviations. These beneficial effects remain sizeable across all quantiles and extend beyond the time of the intervention. The mechanism behind these findings involves social learning: rank incentives make students engage more in peer interactions, which lead them to perform significantly better across the board. Finally, we explore the virtues of real-time feedback by analyzing a number of alternative variations in the way it is provided.