Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rationale, Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Human GH Treatment in Short Children with Chronic Renal Failure Before and After Renal Transplantation

Growth retardation is one of the major cornplications of CRF in childhood, and compromises the psychosocial integration of these patients during early adult life. The etiology of growth failure in chronic renal failure (CRF) is multifactorial, including malnutrition, metabolic acidosis, anemia, renal osteodystrophy and endocrine abnormalities (1). Within the last decade, experimental and clinical evidence has been accumulated suggesting that these mechanisms are of variable importance in the different periods of prepubertal growth: In the first two years of life, aggressive nutritional and electrolyte supplementation and correction of metabolic acidosis usually result in a near normalization of growth. Beyond the second year of life, these measures remain a prerequisite for growth, but can no longer induce catch-up growth. Post-infantile growth is largely dependent on the activity of the somatotropic hormone axis.
Older but Not Wiser- Smokers and Passive Smoking Belief

In recent years the proportion of people who smoke in developed countries has reached a plateau, even though countries like the UK continue to run anti-smoking campaigns. We aim to inform UK policy makers about the effects of anti-smoking campaigns by looking at the beliefs that smokers and non-smokers have about the dangers of passive smoking, with particular interest in whether these beliefs vary amongst smokers of different ages. We envisage two groups of potential smokers. There are the altruists, who are less likely to start to smoke once they are fully aware of the dangers of passive smoking; and there are the non-altruists for whom the effects of passive smoking are an irrelevancy. We hypothesis that anti-smoking campaigns have managed to dissuade the altruists of later generations from ever starting to smoke, but are having no effect on the behavior of the non-altruists and hence the plateau. The older smoking altruists are then captive to their smoking behavior and have to rationalize their smoking behavior by downplaying the effects of passive smoking. Using data from the Health Survey for England we find strong evidence that it is the older smokers who are less prone to believe in the dangers of passive smoking whilst younger smokers essentially have the same beliefs as nonsmokers: a young uneducated smoker is more aware of the dangers of passive smoking than a highly educated older smoker. This conclusion is robust to a number of sensitivity analyses. We conclude that the main effect of current campaigns is the continuing deterrence of potential young altruist smokers.
Clinical risk factors for central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Prophylactic central lymph node dissection (CLND) in clinically node‐negative patients remains controversial, and predictive factors for central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are not well defined. Herein, we conducted a systematic review to quantify the clinicopathologic factors predictive for CLNM in patients with PTC.
The Stem-Cell Market for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Patient Perspective

Abstract The use of stem-cell therapies for the treatment of various musculoskeletal conditions, especially knee osteoarthritis (OA), is rapidly expanding, despite only low-level evidence to support its use. Centers offering these therapies are often marketing and charging patients out-of-pocket costs for such services. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the current marketed: (1) prices and (2) clinical efficacy of stem-cell therapies for knee OA. This was a prospective cross-sectional study which queried 317 U.S. centers that offered direct-to-consumer stem-cell therapies for musculoskeletal conditions. A total of 273 of 317 centers were successfully contacted via phone or e-mail, using a simulated 57-year-old male patient with knee OA. Scripted questions were asked by the simulated patient to determine the marketed prices and clinical efficacy. Centers generally reported the proportion of patients who had “good results” or “symptomatic improvement. ” The mean price of a unilateral (same-day) stem-cell knee injection was $5,156 with a standard deviation of $2,446 (95% confidence interval [CI]: $4,550–5,762, n = 65). The mean proportion of claimed clinical efficacy was 82% with a standard deviation of 9.6% (95% CI: 79.0–85.5%, n = 36). Most American stem-cell centers offer therapies for knee OA. The cost of these therapies averages about $5,000 per injection, and centers claim that 80% of the patients had “good results” or “symptomatic improvement,” denoting a gap between what is documented in the published literature and the marketing claims. These findings offer both patients and physicians insight into the current stem-cell market for knee OA. We hope that with this information, providers can more optimally make patients aware of discrepancies between what is being marketed versus the current evidence-based landscape of these therapies for knee OA.
Retrospective study of pathological fractures of neoplastic origin in dogs

The pathologic fractures result from primary alterations which weaken in the bone tissue and are generally secundary to neoplastic bone lesions as osteosarcoma. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the incidence of pathologic fractures secondary to bone neoplasties on animals treated in the “Governador Laudo Natel” Veterinary Hospital within 10 years, from January 2001 to January 2011. The study was based on data acquired from clinical records, cytological, histological and radiographic results. The variables analyzed were race, age, sex, weight, compromised member, compromised member region, definitive diagnose method, metastasis at the moment of consultation and applied treatment. The results found confirm the incidence of pathologic fractures in the animals treated within the 10 years period and shows the races most susceptible to this problem, Rottweiller and Mongrel. Both appeared on 23% of the cases. The pelvic member was compromised more frequently than the chest member, with 61.5% and 38.5% respectively. Regarding the compromised bone, tibia and femur were diagnosed with 23% incidence each. The sexual predisposition was also evaluated, as it was observed that 61.5% of males and 38.5% of females. The male sexual predisposition, the most frequently compromised with pathological fracture, with age varying from five to six years and average weight 43kg, found in this work agree with the recordings evaluated in other studies. The occurrence of pathological fractures is more frequent in the chest member than in the pelvic member, although the results of this work show otherwise, as the fractures occurred in the pelvic member in 61.5% of the cases and in the chest member 38.5% of the cases, being more frequent in the pelvic member. It is suggested that based on the results of pathologic fracture neoplastic origin affects animals of the canine species, aged 5-6 years, with a higher incidence in patients Breeds Rottweiler and Mongrel, occurring especially in the pelvic limb, in the tibia. It was observed also that the osteosarcoma tumor is the main responsible for the occurrence of pathological fracture in dogs.
Biomarkers and insulin sensitivity in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Characteristics and predictive capacity

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with metabolic complications. Metabolic biomarkers with roles in obesity, glycaemic control and lipid metabolism are potentially relevant in PCOS. The aim was to investigate metabolic biomarkers in lean and overweight women with and without PCOS and to determine whether any biomarker was able to predict insulin resistance in PCOS.
Thrombolytic treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke related to underlying arterial dissection in the United States.

OBJECTIVE To determine the outcomes related to thrombolytic treatment of an acute ischemic stroke secondary to an arterial dissection in a large national cohort. DESIGN Retrospective database study. SETTING Nationwide Inpatient Sample data files from 2005 to 2008. PATIENTS We determined the frequency of underlying arterial dissection among patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with thrombolytic treatment and associated in-hospital outcomes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All the in-hospital outcomes were analyzed after adjusting for potential confounders using multivariate analysis. RESULTS Of the 47,899 patients with ischemic stroke who received thrombolytic treatment, 488 (1%) had an underlying dissection. The intracranial hemorrhage rates did not differ between patients with ischemic stroke with or without underlying dissection who received thrombolytic treatment (6.9% vs 6.4%). After adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, congestive heart failure, and hospital teaching status, presence of dissection was associated with higher rates of moderate disability (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-4.6; P < .001) at discharge. The interaction terms between dissection and thrombolytic treatment among all patients with ischemic stroke for predicting in-hospital mortality (P = .84) and minimal disability (P = .13) were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The adjusted rate of favorable outcomes is lower among patients with ischemic stroke with underlying arterial dissection following thrombolytic treatment compared with those without underlying dissections. However, the observed lower rates are not influenced by thrombolytic treatment.
PHOTOSENSITIVITY DUE TO CERTAIN DRUGS *

All tests were carried out in pairs on the back of each patient. One test area was then exposed to the rays of the sim twenty-four hours later (the responses arc more pronounced than with quartz lamp). Results were read daily for seven consecutive days. The areas of positive simple tests to phcnergan (promcthazine) and largactil (chlorproniazine) were exposed after forty-eight hours. Promethazine was used as a 2-5% sohition for intramuscular use and as 2% ointment. Chlorpromazine was used in 2-5% solution for intravenous use. Case 1. —A woman, aged 40, was given hydrocortisone and tetracyclinc ointment and dragees of promethazine to take three times daily for lichenified eczema of the right leg. On the seventh day. after normal exposure to May sunlight, a diffuse erythema with slight oedema appeared on all exposed parts of the l^ody. The redness subsided after four days. A patch test with promethazine powder was then carried out. showing after twenty-four hours strong erythema and oedema, which within the next twenty-four hours after a casual exposure to sunlight developed into large vesicles. There was also a recurrence of the eruption at al! j^reviously affected sites. The patient was then referred to me for further investigation. Erythema again subsided com2:>letely within the next five days. Skin Tests. —Patch tests with promethazine were positive only after forty-eight hours. There was intense oedema l̂ ut no visil3le vesiculation. In ten controls these concentrations never produced any reaction on the skin. In addition, the patient was tested with chlorpromazine, with sulphaiiilamide poAvder—by both patch and scratch tests, and with novocaine and j^araphenylendiamine. There was a positive reaction with vesiculation to the latter only. After the exposure to light, test reactions from promethazine became more oedematous, but no visible vesiculation was seen. The surrounding area l)ecame redder. Reactions from chlor])romazine consisted of redness and swelling. Other tests were unchanged. Histological examination. —Biopsy specimens were taken froui the areas patch tested with promethazine and chlorpromazine and subsequently exposed to light seventy-two hours after the patch tests were performed. Spongiosis with oedema and pcrivascular infiltration in the dermis com])osed mainly of lymphocytes was found in reactions to the former drug ; only perivascular infiltration with no gross changes in the epidermis was found in the latter. She could walk in sunshine with im])unity after a week. Three weeks later, patch tests were performed with the solution of promethazine \\\\\Q\\ had deliberately been left exposed to sunlight for seven days and which had turned bluish-black and also with the usual promethazine ointment. Both patch tests were positive and \\ere aggravated by ex])osure to light. The patient experienced irritation in the previously affected sites.
Impaired endothelial function in patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism improves after parathyroidectomy

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity; however, data on the reversibility of cardiovascular disease in mild primary hyperparathyroidism are conflicting. The aim of this study was to assess endothelial function in patients with mild PHPT before and after parathyroidectomy (Ptx).
Mobile phone usage patterns among students

The purpose of this research was to investigate ways and manners of usage of cell phones among Hormozgan University male and female students. The objectives in this survey has been carried out by descriptive and analytic methods in which a sample population of 535 ( 297 females and 238 males ) were selected by non-random sampling. The instruments for this survey consisted of a demographic questionnaire and a researcher devised questionnaire for the cell phone usage. The findings of this survey revealed that 98.5% of the students had their own cell phones. The girls outnumbered boys in possessing mobile phones as well they had the phones much earlier than the boys. The earliest age for having phone cell was 12 years and the latest was 21 years and the mean age was 16.11 years. About 47.4% of the students had two lines or more and in which the share for the boys students was 55.6% and for the girls was 43.4% and intensive cell phone use was associated with female than male students. The daily mean of call cell phone and sms students were 7.1 and 49. Keywords: Mobile phone usage, Text-message , Undergraduate student
A study on time gap analysis between early infant diagnosis (EID) and initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) among HIV-exposed infants from Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Background: Effective pediatric HIV management requires early diagnosis and prompt initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) to ensure optimum quality care. ART initiation in the first 3 months of life can reduce mortality by 76%. Delay at any step from the collection of blood sample to the ART registration will lead to a delayed initiation of ART. Objective: To analyze the time gap in each step of HIV testing and ART initiation and analyze the median age of ART initiation among the HIV-exposed infants. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, cohort study was conducted from the record of Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation AIDS Control Society (AMCACS). A total 488 infants born to HIV-positive mothers were registered since 2010 in AMC ACS till June 2014. Time gap analysis for each process starting from HIV testing to ART initiation was carried out using Microsoft Excel. Result: Among all the infants (465) tested by either method, 32 (6.8%) of those who were reactive were followed up subsequently. Of them, three died and three were nonreactive by whole blood specimen (WBS) test, while another three cases were lost to follow-up. The median age for carrying out dry blood spot (DBS) test in this study was 8 weeks. The median time for DBS and WBS testing was 3 weeks and 1 week, respectively, whereas the median time from DBS to initiation of ART was 10 weeks. The median time from birth to ART initiation was 37 weeks. Conclusion: Time lag was present at all the stages from the commencement of DBS examination to ART initiation.
Strategies to improve the accuracy of vision measurement by teachers in rural Chinese secondary schoolchildren: Xichang Pediatric Refractive Error Study (X-PRES) report no. 6.

OBJECTIVE To assess and improve the accuracy of lay screeners compared with vision professionals in detecting visual impairment in secondary schoolchildren in rural China. METHODS After brief training, 32 teachers and a team of vision professionals independently measured vision in 1892 children in Xichang. The children also underwent vision measurement by health technicians in a concurrent government screening program. RESULTS Of 32 teachers, 28 (87.5%) believed that teacher screening was worthwhile. Sensitivity (93.5%) and specificity (91.2%) of teachers detecting uncorrected presenting visual acuity of 20/40 or less were better than for presenting visual acuity (sensitivity, 85.2%; specificity, 84.8%). Failure of teachers to identify children owning but not wearing glasses and teacher bias toward better vision in children wearing glasses explain the worse results for initial vision. Wearing glasses was the student factor most strongly predictive of inaccurate teacher screening (P < .001). The sensitivity and specificity of the government screening program detecting low presenting visual acuity were 86.7% and 28.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Teacher vision screening after brief training can achieve accurate results in this setting, and there is support among teachers for screening. Screening of uncorrected rather than presenting visual acuity is recommended in settings with a high prevalence of corrected and uncorrected refractive error. Low specificity in the government program renders it ineffective.
Clinical Features and HLA Association of 5-Aminosalicylate (5-ASA)-induced Nephrotoxicity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nephrotoxicity is a rare idiosyncratic reaction to 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA) therapies. The aims of this study were to describe the clinical features of this complication and identify clinically useful genetic markers so that these drugs can be avoided or so that monitoring can be intensified in high-risk patients. METHODS Inflammatory bowel disease patients were recruited from 89 sites around the world. Inclusion criteria included normal renal function prior to commencing 5-ASA, ≥50% rise in creatinine any time after starting 5-ASA, and physician opinion implicating 5-ASA strong enough to justify drug withdrawal. An adjudication panel identified definite and probable cases from structured case report forms. A genome-wide association study was then undertaken with these cases and 4109 disease controls. RESULTS After adjudication, 151 cases of 5-ASA-induced nephrotoxicity were identified. Sixty-eight percent of cases were males, with nephrotoxicity occurring at a median age of 39.4 years (range 6-79 years). The median time for development of renal injury after commencing 5-ASA was 3.0 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.3-3.7). Only 30% of cases recovered completely after drug withdrawal, with 15 patients requiring permanent renal replacement therapy. A genome-wide association study identified a suggestive association in the HLA region (p = 1×10(-7)) with 5-ASA-induced nephrotoxicity. A sub-group analysis of patients who had a renal biopsy demonstrating interstitial nephritis (n = 55) significantly strengthened this association (p = 4×10(-9), odds ratio 3.1). CONCLUSIONS This is the largest and most detailed study of 5-ASA-induced nephrotoxicity to date. It highlights the morbidity associated with this condition and identifies for the first time a significant genetic predisposition to drug-induced renal injury.
Targets for Health Interventions for Inflammatory Bowel Disease-fatigue.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fatigue is a complex, multifactorial, and multidimensional phenomenon. Recognition of modifiable correlates of fatigue can provide a further understanding of this phenomenon in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] and aid in the development of interventions tailored towards fatigue with potential for efficacy. Our aims were to systematically search and synthesise available evidence on potentially modifiable factors contributing to IBD-fatigue and what advances in the management of fatigue in individuals with IBD have been made. METHODS The process of selection of citations was based on an earlier review by Czuber-Dochan et al. [2013] and was undertaken in two phases: i] searching for new studies published since August 2012, using seven electronic databases; ii] re-selection of papers included in previous review according to the aims of the current review. RESULTS A total of 43 studies met the inclusion criteria. IBD-fatigue was consistently associated with disease activity, depression, anxiety, and sleep difficulties. However, most studies were cross-sectional; thus the direction of causation remains unknown. The relationship between biochemical factors, such as anaemia and inflammation, and fatigue was inconsistent. Solution-focused therapy, thiamine, and exercise showed promising effects on IBD-fatigue. Interventions continue to be sparse, with methodological limitations and only short-term effects reported. CONCLUSIONS The review identified a number of psychosocial and physical factors which could potentially be modified through targeted health interventions and improve fatigue in IBD. Research utilising prospective observational studies and randomized control trial [RCT] design is required to develop and test interventions to reduce fatigue, most likely within a biopsychosocial model of care.
Attitudes of Undergraduate Social Work Students Toward Interprofessional Health Care Practice and Interprofessional Health Care Education

In 2005, the Centre for Collaborative Health Professional Education at Memorial University in Canada commenced an inquiry into the interprofessional education (IPE) of social work students. In the 2005/2006 academic year, undergraduate social work students were introduced to an IPE program at Memorial University for the first time. This interdisciplinary initiative brought together students from pharmacy, nursing, medicine, and social work to develop and encourage interprofessional educational activities with the purpose of increasing collaborative patient-centered practice competencies of students and professionals (Sharpe & Curran, 2006). In the subsequent three academic years (2005/2006, 2006/2007, 2007/2008) Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) students explored a variety of IPE modules. This paper summarizes the available literature on the topic of IPE and reports on data collected from three cohorts of undergraduate social work students regarding their attitudes toward interdisciplinary team practice. Data collected are in relation to the Health and Wellbeing of Children module, one of the five module topics in which these students participated over the three-year period. It is proposed that by understanding student attitudes as they are evidenced at this early stage of professional development, valuable information will be provided to educators to inform best practices in the teaching and learning of interprofessional practice skills within the discipline of social work. Finally, the authors provide suggested directions for future research.
Supervised Pattern Recognition Techniques In Quantitative Diagnostic Ultrasound

The methods of statistical pattern recognition are well suited to the problems of in vivo ultrasonic tissue characterization. This paper describes supervised pattern recognition methods for selecting features for tissue classification, calculating decision boundaries within the selected feature space, and evaluating the performance. We address the considerations of dimensionality and feature size which are important in classification problems where the underlying probability distributions are not completely known. Examples are given for the detection of diffuse liver disease in the clinical environment.