Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of mibefradil, a novel calcium channel antagonist on ventricular arrhythmias induced by myocardial ischemia and programmed electrical stimulation.

Calcium channel antagonists can reduce calcium overload induced by myocardial ischemia and thereby protect against malignant arrhythmias. However, these drugs may also adversely affect cardiac contractile function. Mibefradil is a new calcium antagonist that can inhibit cardiac calcium current without reducing myocardial force development. The effects of mibefradil on the inducibility of arrhythmias both before and during ischemia were therefore evaluated in animals with healed infarctions. First, a 2-min coronary occlusion was made during the last minute of exercise (n = 48): 25 animals had ventricular fibrillation (susceptible), whereas 23 did not (resistant). On a subsequent day, programmed electrical stimulation (PES, 8 paced beats followed by two extrastimuli) induced ventricular tachycardia in 19 of 25 susceptible animals but in none of the resistant animals (chi square = 24.6, P < .001). Verapamil (n = 14), diltiazem (n = 13) and mibefradil (n = 14) elicited significant dose-dependent decreases in refractory period and in the Q-Tc interval (except mibefradil) yet failed to prevent PES-induced arrhythmias. Diltiazem and verapamil also increased P-R interval and reduced the maximum rate of change of left ventricular pressure, whereas mibefradil did not. However, all three drugs abolished arrhythmias induced by PES during ischemia. In contrast, lidocaine suppressed PES-induced arrhythmias but failed to prevent ischemically induced arrhythmias. Thus mibefradil can prevent ischemically induced ventricular fibrillation without adverse actions on either A-V nodal conduction or contractile function. These data further suggest that calcium entry may play a critical role in the initiation of ventricular fibrillation during ischemia, whereas other factors must be responsible for the extrasystoles induced by PES.
Carotid Cavernous Fistulae Occurring After the Use of the Fogarty Catheter in Carotid Surgery

The Fogarty catheter represents a major advancement for the effective removal of distal thrombi during vascular surgery, including carotid endarterectomy (CEA). One complication related to its use is injury to the cavernous carotid artery with development of a carotid cavernous fistula (CCF). Including a recent case at our institution, 21 patients with a Fogarty-related CCF have been reported since 1967. We performed a detailed review of all Fogarty-related CCFs during the treatment of carotid occlusive disease. We suggest a management algorithm for post-CEA acute carotid occlusion.
Intrarenal prostaglandin release attenuates the renal vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin.

In anesthetized dogs, infusions of angiotensin II into the renal artery caused dosedependent decreases in renal blood flow and release of a prostaglandin E2-like substance into the renal venous blood. Inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, indomethacin (0.1-2 mg/kg i.v.) or meclofenamate (1 mg/kg iv.) reduced renal blood flow and urine output but did not substantially affect blood pressure or hindlimb blood flow. After indomethacin or meclofenamate, angiotensin II no longer caused release of prostaglandin E2-like material from kidney and the renal vasoconstrictor action of angiotensin II was augmented. Enhancement of the renal vascular effects of angiotensin II was greatest with low infusion rates of the octapeptide (3-20 ng/kg/min i.a.). Reductions in hindlimb blood flow produced by i.a. infusions of angiotensin II were not accompanied by prostaglandin release and the responses were not augmented by indomethacin. Indomethacin enhanced the renal (but not hindlimb) vasoconstrictor effects of norepinephrine. The results support the hypothesis that intrarenal prostaglandin E2 generation in response to angiotensin II attenuates the increase in renal vascular resistance produced by angiotensin.
Age-related effects of job characteristics on burnout and work engagement.

BACKGROUND In light of an ageing and age-diverse workforce, it is imperative to understand how psychosocial aspects of work might influence health throughout working life. Recently, there has been an implicit call to differentiate job characteristics beyond the two factors of job demands and job resources. As needs, abilities and motivation fluctuate with age, different job characteristics might yield differential benefits. Additionally, markers beyond chronological age should be considered. AIMS To explore systematically interactions between different job characteristics, age and age covariates (i.e. job tenure and position type) and their relationship with work-related health outcomes. METHODS An online survey of workers in Switzerland, Austria and Germany, recruited through a panel data service provider. We excluded participants working fewer than 30 hours a week, trainees, self-employed people and senior managers. We assessed seven areas of psychosocial risks at work, burnout, work engagement and demographics. RESULTS Of the 6000 workers contacted, 1916 responded (31%). After applying exclusion criteria, we analysed data from 1417 respondents. We found that age barely had a moderating effect between psychosocial factors and health outcomes, but its three-way interaction with age covariates had more explanatory potential. Young workers with high job tenure showed particular vulnerability to job demands and the lack of certain job resources. Older workers with managerial positions were more resilient. CONCLUSIONS Age and its covariates, such as job tenure and position type, should be considered in developing age-sensitive occupational health models.
Association between Body Mass Index, Lipid Profiles, and Types of Urinary Stones

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in body mass index (BMI), levels of cholesterol, and levels of triglycerides (TGs) among urolithiasis patients with different stone compositions. Materials and methods: Forty-nine patients who had a diagnosis of nephrolithiasis and had undergone open surgery or percutaneous surgery were included, and patients without urolithiasis were randomly selected as controls. Urinary stones were collected and analyzed using infrared spectroscopy. Data relating to patient’s age, BMI at diagnosis, serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were collected. The stone groups including calcium oxalate monohydrate-calcium oxalate dihydrate (COM-COD), COM, and uric acid were compared with one another and with the control group. In addition, the stone formers group (COM-COD, COM, uric acid, calcium phosphate, and mixed-type stones) was compared to the control group. Results: BMI, TC, and TG levels were significantly higher in stone formers compared with the control group; this association of BMI and TC with stone formation was more prominent in uric acid and COM-COD stone formers, but there was no such prominence for COM stones. LDL-C levels in COM-COD stone formers were significantly higher when compared with COM stone formers. Conclusion: Elevated BMI, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperlipidemia, which are leading components of metabolic syndrome, may be associated with different types of urinary stone formation.
Decline of Frontal Lobe Functions in Subjects with Age-associated Memory Impairment

Objective: To assess frontal lobe functions of subjects with age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) and to examine whether performance on neuropsychological tests is correlated with the volume of the frontal lobes in magnetic resonance imaging. Design: Cross-sectional two-group comparison. Setting: The Memory Research Clinic of Kuopio University and the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center of Kuopio University Hospital. Participants: Ninety subjects (mean age, 70.5 years), 43 with AAMI diagnosed according to National Institute of Mental Health criteria and 47 age-matched healthy controls. Measurements: Four neuropsychological tests were used to assess frontal lobe function: Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT), and Stroop Test (ST). A 1.5-T magnetic resonance imager was used for volume measurements. Results: The AAMI subjects scored significantly worse on the WCST, ST, and TMT compared with controls (ANCOVA, adjusted for age and education, p < 0.05). The frontal lobe volumes did not differ between AAMI subjects and controls. Conclusions: AAMI subjects appear to be impaired not only in tests assessing memory but also in tests of executive functions. This finding agrees with previous reports suggesting a central role for frontal dysfunction in memory loss of elderly people. NEUROLOGY 1997;48: 148-153
Heat shock proteins DnaJ, DnaK, and GrpE stimulate P1 plasmid replication by promoting initiator binding to the origin

Binding of the P1-encoded protein RepA to the origin of P1 plasmid replication is essential for initiation of DNA replication and for autoregulatory repression of the repA promoter. Previous studies have shown defects in both initiation and repression in hosts lacking heat shock proteins DnaJ, DnaK, and GrpE and have suggested that these proteins play a role in the RepA-DNA binding required for initiation and repression. In this study, using in vivo dimethyl sulfate footprinting, we have confirmed the roles of the three heat shock proteins in promoting RepA binding to the origin. The defects in both activities could be suppressed by increasing the concentration of wild-type RepA over the physiological level. We also isolated RepA mutants that were effective initiators and repressors without requiring the heat shock proteins. These data suggest that the heat shock proteins facilitate both repression and initiation by promoting only the DNA-binding activity of RepA. In a similar plasmid, F, initiator mutants that confer heat shock protein independence for replication were also found, but they were defective for repression. We propose that the initiator binding involved in repression and the initiator binding involved in initiation are similar in P1 but different in F.
The Misconception of Closed Magnetic Flux Lines

The belief that magnetic flux lines are always closed has been widely disseminated, handed down from Faraday through the present day. We review the problem and revisit the example of “the wire and the loop,” which shows analytically that flux lines are not necessarily closed, and extend its analysis. The pictorial representation based on flux lines may give rise to erroneous conclusions not inherent in Maxwell's laws.
Epidemiology of Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Understanding of its pathogenesis remains unclear (Mueller, 1991). The cellular origin of this lymphoma was failed to be clearly identified by molecular biology studies. The characteristic Reed Sternberg cell is thought to be derived from the histiocytes, granulocytes and reticulum cells (Lee et al, 1993). But other studies suggest that these cells represent immature lymphoid cells (Diehl et al, 1990).
Lymphocyte transformation test in sympathetic ophthalmitis and the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome.

The lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) has been shown to be a reliable method of demonstrating the antigen of delayed-type allergic responses. The test is based upon the process of gradual enlargement, transformation into lymphoblasts, and mitotic activity of small mature lymphocytes in the peripheral blood which occurs when they come into contact with an antigen to which the organism has previously been sensitized (Pearman, Lycette, and Fitzgerald, I963; Marshall and Roberts, I963; Daniels, Ritzmann, and Levin, I968; Ling, I968). The mechanism of this blastic transformation appears to be identical with that of lymphocyte activation observed in the course of homograft rejection. Blastogenesis will not take place if no antigen
Rhein: an anthraquinone that modulates superoxide anion production from human neutrophils

Rhein (4,5‐dihydroxyanthraquinone‐2‐carboxylic acid), the active metabolite of diacetylrhein, which has been reported as an effective antirheumatic drug in man, inhibited superoxide anion production from human neutrophils challenged with N‐formylmethionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (FMLP: IC50, 2 times 10−5 M) and A23186 (IC50, 10−5M), but not with phorbol myristate acetate. In the same concentration range (10−6‐10−3M), the drug did not affect oxy‐radical production by a cell‐free hypoxanthine‐xanthine oxidase system and exerted weak inhibitory effects on FMLP‐evoked lysosomal enzyme release. Rhein inhibitory effects on neutrophil functioning may contribute to the overall therapeutic activity of the parent drug, diacetylrhein.
Evaluation of the American College of Sports Medicine Submaximal Treadmill Running Test for Predicting &OV0312;o2max

Marsh, CE. Evaluation of the ACSM submaximal treadmill running test for predicting &OV0312;o2max. J Strength Cond Res 26(2): 548–554, 2012—The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the American College of Sports Medicine's (ACSM's) submaximal treadmill running test in predicting &OV0312;o2max. Twenty-one moderately well-trained men aged 18–34 years performed 1 maximal treadmill test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (M &OV0312;o2max) and 2 submaximal treadmill tests using 4 stages of continuous submaximal exercise. Estimated &OV0312;o2max was predicted by extrapolation to age-predicted maximal heart rate (HRmax) and calculated in 2 ways: using data from all submaximal stages between 110 b·min−1 and 85% HRmax (P &OV0312;o2max-All), and using data from the last 2 stages only (P &OV0312;o2max-2). The measured &OV0312;o2max was overestimated by 3% on average for the group but was not significantly different to predicted &OV0312;o2max (1-way analysis of variance [ANOVA] p = 0.695; M &OV0312;o2max = 53.01 ± 5.38; P &OV0312;o2max-All = 54.27 ± 7.16; P &OV0312;o2max-2 = 54.99 ± 7.69 ml·kg−1·min−1), although M &OV0312;o2max was not overestimated in all the participants—it was underestimated in 30% of observations. Pearson's correlation, standard error of estimate (SEE), and total error (E) between measured and predicted &OV0312;o2max were r = 0.646, 4.35, 4.08 ml·kg−1·min−1 (P &OV0312;o2max-All) and r = 0.642, 4.21, 3.98 ml·kg−1·min−1 (P &OV0312;o2max-2) indicating that the accuracy in prediction (error) was very similar whether using P &OV0312;o2max-All or P &OV0312;o2max-2, with up to 70% of the participants predicted scores within 1 SEE (∼4 ml·kg−1·min−1) of M &OV0312;o2max. In conclusion, the ACSM equation provides a reasonably good estimation of &OV0312;o2max with no difference in predictive accuracy between P &OV0312;o2max-2 and P &OV0312;o2max-All, and hence, either approach may be equally useful in tracking an individual's aerobic fitness over time. However, if a precise knowledge of &OV0312;o2max is required, then it is recommended that this be measured directly.
Recent Development in Yoga: A Scientific Perspective

In ancient Indian medicinal system, yoga practice is described as the link between the individual and the universe. Yoga and meditation can play an important role in our life because these help in controlling the function of our mind i.e. ego, desire and intellect. Yoga is a well-known physical, mental and spiritual practice since the ancient time and still benefitting people globally. It helps in the expansion from narrow egoistic personality to the all-pervasive, endless and delightful state of reality. The practice includes physical postures, regulated breathing, meditation and relaxation, which is helpful in improving life-style and also in bringing down the prevalence of medical emergencies like psychological, neurological and metabolic disorders. Moreover, it helps people to remain happy and healthy even with many life stresses. The present review focuses on the current status of yoga and meditation in India and overseas in terms of research and development. Keywords: Complimentary medicine, immune function, international yoga day, mental stress, yoga practice Cite this Article Deepak Kumar Semwal, Ashutosh Chauhan, Satyendra Prasad Mishra, et al. Recent Development in Yoga: A Scientific Perspective. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy . 2016; 5(1): 14–20p.
Iterative solution of nonlinear equations in several variables

Preface to the Classics Edition Preface Acknowledgments Glossary of Symbols Introduction Part I. Background Material. 1. Sample Problems 2. Linear Algebra 3. Analysis Part II. Nonconstructive Existence Theorems. 4. Gradient Mappings and Minimization 5. Contractions and the Continuation Property 6. The Degree of a Mapping Part III. Iterative Methods. 7. General Iterative Methods 8. Minimization Methods Part IV. Local Convergence. 9. Rates of Convergence-General 10. One-Step Stationary Methods 11. Multistep Methods and Additional One-Step Methods Part V. Semilocal and Global Convergence. 12. Contractions and Nonlinear Majorants 13. Convergence under Partial Ordering 14. Convergence of Minimization Methods An Annotated List of Basic Reference Books Bibliography Author Index Subject Index.
Changing trends of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation.

SIR—Anticoagulation reduces the thromboembolic risk associated with atrial fibrillation [1, 2], but in recent studies only a quarter to a half of eligible people received warfarin [3]. Various factors affect these decisions to offer anticoagulation to individuals with atrial fibrillation. Ageing itself has been associated with lower use of anticoagulation [4]. We assessed antithrombotic therapy (ATT) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in two settings. Consecutive individuals (799 patients, 350 individuals at the Teaching Hospital (TH) and 449 patients at the District General Hospital (DGH)) discharged from the departments of Integrated Letters to the Editor
Genetic and Functional Properties of the Self-Transmissible Yersinia enterocolitica Plasmid pYE854, Which Mobilizes the Virulence Plasmid pYV

ABSTRACT Yersinia strains frequently harbor plasmids, of which the virulence plasmid pYV, indigenous in pathogenic strains, has been thoroughly characterized during the last decades. Yet, it has been unknown whether the nonconjugative pYV can be transferred by helper plasmids naturally occurring in this genus. We have isolated the conjugative plasmids pYE854 (95.5 kb) and pYE966 (70 kb) from a nonpathogenic and a pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica strain, respectively, and demonstrate that both plasmids are able to mobilize pYV. The complete sequence of pYE854 has been determined. The transfer proteins and oriT of the plasmid reveal similarities to the F factor. However, the pYE854 replicon does not belong to the IncF group and is more closely related to a plasmid of gram-positive bacteria. Plasmid pYE966 is very similar to pYE854 but lacks two DNA regions of the larger plasmid that are dispensable for conjugation.
Effects of Surgical Errors on Small Fragment Screw Fixation

Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of technical errors that occur during the application of small fragment screw fixation and to assess which screw holes can be salvaged. Intervention Testing of screw pullout from a bone substitute model on a universal testing instrument (Instron Corp., Canton, MA). Outcome Measurements Testing was performed on 9 sets of 12 small fragment screws applied to a bone substitute model using the instruments available in a small fragment set (Synthes, Paoli, Pa). In the first 2 sets, 3.5-mm cortical screws and 4.0-mm cancellous screws were placed using the proper instrumentation according to recommended AO/ASIF techniques. The other 7 sets were inserted using “incorrect” methods: a single step was altered intentionally to assess its influence on fixation strength. The third set of screws included 3.5-mm cortical screws placed after drilling the pilot hole with a 3.5-mm drill. For the fourth set, the 2.5-mm drill was used, but the hole was tapped using the 4.0-mm cancellous tap before insertion of a 3.5-mm cortical screw. In set five, 4.0-mm cancellous screws were placed after tapping the hole with a 3.5-mm cortical tap. Set 6 included cancellous screws placed without tapping. The seventh set included 3.5-mm cortical screws that were placed according to recommended methods, and then removed and replaced into the screw hole. Set number 8 included 3.5-mm cortical screws, which were inserted correctly and then stripped by overtightening. The ninth set included 3.5-mm cortical screws that were stripped as those in set 8; the stripped screws were removed, the holes were packed with bone material, and the screws were replaced. All screws were inserted to a thread depth of 32 mm. Results Drilling a 3.5-mm pilot hole for a 3.5-mm cortical screw and “stripping” the screw by overtightening resulted in 76% and 82% less pullout strength, respectively, than when the proper technique was used (P<0.01). Use of the wrong tap before placement of a 3.5-mm cortical or 4.0-mm cancellous screw decreased pullout strength by 12% and 11%, respectively (P<0.01). Exchanging screws of similar geometry had no significant effect on screw pullout strength (P>0.1). Inserting a 4.0-mm cancellous screw without tapping actually increased pullout strength by 4% (P<0.01). Conclusions Alterations from recommended techniques for the placement of orthopedic screws had varying effects on screw fixation, as assessed by the pullout strength. Clinically, these findings indicate that, in some cases, a screw hole that was not initially placed according to the optimal technique may be salvaged. Finally, the authors recommend that careful vigilance be maintained at all times in surgery and that fixation be applied according to sound principles in an effort to avoid some of these problems.
Control of skin blood flow, sweating, and heart rate: role of skin vs. core temperature.

A study was conducted to generate quantitative expressions for the influence of core temperature, skin temperature, and the rate of change of skin temperature on sweat rate, skin blood flow, and heart rate. A second goal of the study was to determine whether the use of esophageal temperature rather than the right atrial temperature as a measure of core temperature would lead to different conclusions about the control of measured effector variables.