Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Race and gender effects on employer interest in job applicants: new evidence from a resume field experiment

ABSTRACT We sent nearly 9000 fictitious resumes to advertisements for job openings in seven major cities in the United States across six occupational categories. We randomly assigned names to the resumes that convey race and gender but for which a strong socio-economic connotation is not implicated. We find little evidence of systematic employer preferences for applicants from particular race and gender groups.
Use of polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of picornavirus infection in subjects with and without respiratory symptoms

Rhinoviruses and enteroviruses are the major members of the picornavirus genus that cause human disease. We compared the polymerase chain reaction and viral culture for the identification of picornaviruses in nasal aspirates from children during episodes of respiratory symptoms and when asymptomatic and from asymptomatic adults. One hundred eight children, aged 9 to 11 years, completed a year-long study. Within 24 to 48 h of a report of respiratory symptoms, a nasal aspirate was taken in the home. Nasal aspirates were also taken from 65 of the children and from 33 normal adults when they had been free of respiratory symptoms for at least 2 weeks. Picornaviruses were isolated by culture for three passages in Ohio HeLa cells in rolling tubes at 33 degrees C and pH 7.0. For the polymerase chain reaction, duplicate 50-microliters samples were amplified with conserved primers from the 5' noncoding region. Picornaviruses generated approximately 380-bp bands in agarose gel electrophoresis; the specificity of these bands was confirmed by filter hybridization with a conserved internal probe. Picornaviruses were isolated by culture in 47 (46 rhinoviruses) of 292 symptomatic episodes (16%), whereas the polymerase chain reaction identified picornavirus genomic material in 146 episodes (50%), including all but one of the culture-positive episodes. As for asymptomatic samples, eight (12%) children and two (4%) adults were positive by the polymerase chain reaction, whereas only one child's specimen was positive by culture. This polymerase chain reaction assay represents a clear advance in the identification of picornavirus infection, with a detection rate threefold greater than the virus culture method.
State-Run Banks, Money Growth, and the Real Economy

Aggregate credit and investment growth correlate with prior money growth more strongly in economies whose banking systems are more fully state-run. Within countries, individual state-run banks’ lending correlates with prior money growth, while otherwise similar private-sector banks’ lending does not. Tests exploiting heterogeneity in likely political pressure on state-run banks associated with, e.g. central bank independence, privatizations, and election years, are consistent with a higher correlation of state-run banks’ lending with prior money growth if political pressure is stronger. These findings are consistent with a command-and-control channel of monetary stimulus transmission operating via state-run banks.
'Hypocryoglobulins'. Enhanced cryoprecipitation from hypotonic serum in patients with vasculitis.

Three patients with cutaneous vasculitis and one patient with digital gangrene had a negative or equivocal test for cryoglobulins but a positive result in a modified assay for cryoproteins ( hypocryoglobulins [ HGs ]) in which serum is rendered hypotonic by dilution with an equal volume of distilled water before incubation in the cold. Each cryoprecipitate contained a mixture of immunoglobulins, and in two instances, a monoclonal component was demonstrated. Rheumatoid factor activity was found in two precipitates. All four patients improved with plasmapheresis, and two subsequently responded to alkylating agents. Seven patients with conventional cryoglobulins had precipitation from diluted serum as well, but none had a substantial increase in precipitation in the HG assay. Only two of five patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis had abnormal levels of HG. Hypocryoglobulins are a new category of abnormally insoluble serum proteins, probably closely related to conventional cryoglobulins, which are readily detected in a simple precipitation assay.
Advancing the knowledge of local healthcare policy through the growth machine thesis

ADV ANCING THE KNOWLEDGE OF LOCAL HEALTH CARE POLICY THROUGH THE GROWTH MACHINE THESIS David Houvenagle November 12, 2008 A disciplined-configurative case study design was carried out to explore whether a growth machine exists and shapes local healthcare policy in Louisville. A historical analysis first explored whether a growth machine existed in Louisville in the past and shaped healthcare policy. Second, a network analysis was used to identify the recent contours of the Louisville growth machine. Third, qualitative interviews were conducted with central individuals as indicated by the social network analysis to assess the degree to which local healthcare policy is shaped and driven by the growth machine. The results show that Louisville has consistently had a growth machine which has shaped the limited local healthcare politics and policy allowed by the higher levels of government. The Federal Government's policy to require pluralistic boards of average consumers on public health agencies actually has detached the growth machine as the local power structure from those agencies. The growth machine has not always had consensus due to differing growth agendas as demonstrated by the construction of Southwest Hospital, the break up of the University of Louisville Hospital management consortium, and the reorganization of the Louisville Medical Center Development Corporation. Regardless the growth machine has generally been able to keep the general public out of such decisions and in
Clinical evaluation of the cleansing properties of the noninstrumental technique for cleaning root canals.

AIM The purpose of the present study was to evaluate noninstrumentation technology (NIT) for root-canal cleansing in vivo. METHODOLOGY A total of 22 teeth that were to be extracted in 18 patients were treated with NIT for 30 min with 3.0% NaOCl. After extraction, the remaining organic debris in the root canals was evaluated histologically and categorized as the percentage of the corresponding canal length in the apical middle and coronal regions of the roots. Percentage of residual debris was categorized as follows: D1, 0%; D2, 1-50% and D3, 51-100%. RESULTS In the coronal region, 55% of the roots were totally clean (Dl), whereas 12% and 33% were scored as D2 and D3, respectively. The middle section was evaluated as D1 in 27%, D2 in 18% and D3 in 55%. In the apical region, only 21% of the roots were totally cleaned: the remaining 79% were scored as D3. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the noninstrumental technique for cleaning root canals needs further modifications for achieving acceptable results under clinical conditions.
9.6Tb/s CP-QPSK Transmission Over 6500 km of NZ-DSF With Commercial Hybrid Amplifiers

We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, an ultralong-haul dense wavelength division multiplexed transmission of 96 × 100Gb/s coherent polarization multiplexed quadrature phase-shifted keying transponders over ITU-T G.655 nonzero dispersion-shifted large effective area fibers (NZ-DSF) with an effective core area of 72 μm2, employing both commercial erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) and hybrid EDFA + Raman amplification systems. Using the state-of-the-art digital pulse shaping and digital preemphasis algorithms, we report ~1.5dB back-toback optical signal-to-noise ratio penalty at pre forward error correction (FEC) bit error rate (BER) threshold (3.8 × 10-2), with respect to theoretical performance. In particular, we demonstrate ~6500km transmission across the entire C-band, at pre-FEC BER of 3.8 × 10-2, employing EDFA + backward Raman amplification-where the central channel (1552.2nm) had sufficient margin to enable transmission of up to ~8000km. Furthermore, we report that hybrid amplification enables up to ~60% improvement in maximum transmission reach, compared to EDFA based links. To the best of our knowledge, a record capacity-distance product of ~62.4 Pb/s·km is achieved for NZ-DSF-an 11-fold increase, compared with the previous literature.
Chromatin Assembly Factor I Mutants Defective for PCNA Binding Require Asf1/Hir Proteins for Silencing

ABSTRACT Chromatin assembly factor I (CAF-I) is a conserved histone H3/H4 deposition complex. Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants lacking CAF-I subunit genes (CAC1 to CAC3) display reduced heterochromatic gene silencing. In a screen for silencing-impaired cac1 alleles, we isolated a mutation that reduced binding to the Cac3p subunit and another that impaired binding to the DNA replication protein PCNA. Surprisingly, mutations in Cac1p that abolished PCNA binding resulted in very minor telomeric silencing defects but caused silencing to be largely dependent on Hir proteins and Asf1p, which together comprise an alternative silencing pathway. Consistent with these phenotypes, mutant CAF-I complexes defective for PCNA binding displayed reduced nucleosome assembly activity in vitro but were stimulated by Asf1p-histone complexes. Furthermore, these mutant CAF-I complexes displayed a reduced preference for depositing histones onto newly replicated DNA. We also observed a weak interaction between Asf1p and Cac2p in vitro, and we hypothesize that this interaction underlies the functional synergy between these histone deposition proteins.
Party Elites in Referendum Campaigns: Involuntary Subjects or Skilful Puppeteers?

Existing referendum studies predominantly focus on a limited number of referendums, mostly restricted to a specific country or subject. In this paper, we present a way of studying referendums over time and political settings, focusing on the relation between elites’ and voters’ position. Specifically, we focus on the prevalence of ‘electoral upsets’, in which voters reject the position taken by an elite majority. Studying 450 referendums on the national and subnational levels in seven countries, we come to the conclusion that electoral upsets are more likely when the elite shows strong internal divisions. Tentative evidence is also found that upsets become more likely when the elite advocates a change in the status quo, in settings where referendums are relatively uncommon, when subjects related to institutional questions are involved, and when subjects not related to the socio-economic debate are involved.
MicroRNA-143-3p suppresses tumorigenesis by targeting catenin-δ1 in colorectal cancer

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in the United States. Mounting microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in various cancers including CRC. Materials and methods The levels of microRNA-143-3p (miR-143-3p) and catenin-δ1 (CTNND1) were determined by RT-qPCR assay. Cell proliferative ability was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Cell migratory and invasive capacities were measured by transwell migration and invasion assay. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to explore whether miR-143-3p could bind with CTNND1 3′UTR. CTNND1 protein level was determined through Western blot assay. Mouse xenograft models of CRC were established to test the functions and molecular basis of miR-143-3p in the development of CRC in vivo. Results Low amounts of miR-143-3p were expressed in CRC tissues and cells. Functional analysis revealed that miR-143-3p overexpression suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion in CRC. Molecular mechanism exploration indicated that miR-143-3p directly targeted CTNND1. Moreover, enforced expression of CTNND1 contributed to cell proliferation, migration and invasion in CRC, and CTNND1 silencing exerted opposite effects. Restoration experiments disclosed that CTNND1 upregulation weakened the inhibitory effects of miR-143-3p on CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Additionally, miR-143-3p inhibited the growth of HCT116-derived xenograft tumors by targeting CTNND1 in vivo. Conclusion miR-143-3p hampered the development and progression of CRC by targeting CTNND1 in vitro and in vivo, deepening our understanding of the functions and molecular basis of miR-143-3p in the tumorigenesis of CRC and providing some candidate prognostic markers or therapeutic targets for CRC.
The use of long-term low-molecular weight heparin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism in palliative care patients with advanced cancer: a case series of sixty two patients

The advantages of low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) over warfarin, in the treatment of cancer associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) are well reported. However the studies supporting LMWH include few patients representative of the palliative care population. Although LMWH has advantages over warfarin it is still unclear, within the palliative care environment, how long anticoagulation should be continued, what dose of LMWH should be used and whether palliative care patients experience different complication rates such as bleeding, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and osteoporosis. We report a case series of 62 patients with advanced malignancy and VTE treated with long-term LMWH according to either the CLOT (full dose) or Monreal (reduced dose) regime. Seventy-four percent of patients self-administered LMWH, whereas 24% had it given by a carer and 2% by the district nurse. LMWH was given for median duration of 97 days; the most common reason for discontinuation of therapy being admission to die or commencement of the care pathway (n = 50, 81%). A further 11% (n = 7) stopped after 6 months of treatment. Of these 3 (43%) developed clinical symptomatic recurrence of VTE. The overall minor bleeding rate was 8.1% (95% confidence interval 3.5—17.5%), and this was not associated with NSAID or steroid use. No major bleeding events were observed. No patients developed evidence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia or osteoporosis. Long-term LMWH appears effective in treatment of VTE in the palliative care population with advanced cancer. A randomised control trial is required to identify the best dose required to ensure optimum efficacy and safety. Palliative Medicine 2007; 21 : 473—476
Bout-associated intrinsic functional network changes in cluster headache: A longitudinal resting-state functional MRI study

Background Previous imaging studies on the pathogenesis of cluster headache (CH) have implicated the hypothalamus and multiple brain networks. However, very little is known regarding dynamic bout-associated, large-scale resting state functional network changes related to CH. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from CH patients and matched controls. Data were analyzed using independent component analysis for exploratory assessment of the changes in intrinsic brain networks and their relationship between in-bout and out-of-bout periods, as well as correlations with clinical observations. Results Compared to healthy controls, CH patients had functional connectivity (FC) changes in the temporal, frontal, salience, default mode, somatosensory, dorsal attention, and visual networks, independent of bout period. Compared to out-of-bout scans, in-bout scans showed altered FC in the frontal and dorsal attention networks. Lower frontal network FC correlated with longer duration of CH. Conclusions The present findings suggest that episodic CH with dynamic bout period shifts may involve bout-associated FC changes in multiple discrete cortical areas within networks outside traditional pain processing areas. Dynamic changes in FC in frontal and dorsal attention networks between bout periods could be important for understanding episodic CH pathophysiology.
Reliable LQ fuzzy control for nonlinear discrete-time systems via LMIs

This paper studies the reliable linear quadratic (LQ) fuzzy regulator problem for nonlinear discrete-time systems with actuator faults. The Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model is employed to represent a nonlinear system. A sufficient condition expressed in linear matrix inequality (LMI) terms for the existence of reliable guaranteed cost (GC) fuzzy controllers is obtained. The fuzzy controller directly obtained from the LMI solutions can guarantee the stability of the closed-loop overall fuzzy system, while providing a guaranteed cost on the quadratic cost function of the system in the normal and actuator fault cases. Furthermore, an optimal reliable GC fuzzy controller in the sense of minimizing a bound on the worst or nominal case guaranteed cost is also given by means of an LMI optimization procedure. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma ; A Hidden Cancer

Tumours of the perianal region occur frequently in dogs (Bennett et al. 2002), with benign adenomas comprising 5896% of tumours at this site (Turek & Withrow 2013). In some cases these may transform to become malignant perianal adenocarcinomas, and these need to be distinguished from adenocarcinomas which derive from the apocrine secretory epithelium within the wall of the anal sacs (Polton & Brearley 2007). Neoplasia of the squamous epithelial lining of the anal sac is uncommon (Polton et al. 2006; Mellett et al. 2014). Anal gland/sac adenocarcinomas (ASA) represent 2% of all skin and subcutaneous tumours in dogs, and around 17% of all perianal malignancies (Bennett et al. 2002; Turek & Withrow 2013; Potanas et al. 2015). They are clinically important because of their high metastatic potential and association with paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia; this review will therefore focus on this tumour type (Polton et al. 2006.; Wouda et al. 2013).
Distributed Adaptive Neural Control for Stochastic Nonlinear Multiagent Systems

In this paper, a consensus tracking problem of nonlinear multiagent systems is investigated under a directed communication topology. All the followers are modeled by stochastic nonlinear systems in nonstrict feedback form, where nonlinearities and stochastic disturbance terms are totally unknown. Based on the structural characteristic of neural networks (in Lemma 4), a novel distributed adaptive neural control scheme is put forward. The raised control method not only effectively handles unknown nonlinearities in nonstrict feedback systems, but also copes with the interactions among agents and coupling terms. Based on the stochastic Lyapunov functional method, it is indicated that all the signals of the closed-loop system are bounded in probability and all followers’ outputs are convergent to a neighborhood of the output of leader. At last, the efficiency of the control method is testified by a numerical example.
Credit Spreads, Recovery Rates and Bond Portfolio Risk Measures in a Hybrid Credit Risk Model

This paper presents a framework in which many structural credit risk models can be made hybrid by randomizing the default trigger, while keeping the capital structure intact. This produces random recovery rates negatively correlated with the default probability. The approach is implemented on a firm-by-firm basis using maximum likelihood and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) on each of the 225 companies of the CDX NA IG and HY indices using weekly CDS data from December 2007 to January 2012. Adding the surprise element and the time-varying distribution of recovery rates has a large impact on credit spreads as it modifies both the level and shape of the curves. When a bond portfolio is considered, the presence of dependence among firm leverage ratios and between default probabilities and recovery rates produces clusters of defaults with low recovery rates. It has a major impact on standard risk measures such as Value- at-Risk and conditional tail expectation.
Toward Controlled Generation of Text

Generic generation and manipulation of text is challenging and has limited success compared to recent deep generative modeling in visual domain. This paper aims at generating plausible natural language sentences, whose attributes are dynamically controlled by learning disentangled latent representations with designated semantics. We propose a new neural generative model which combines variational auto-encoders and holistic attribute discriminators for effective imposition of semantic structures. With differentiable approximation to discrete text samples, explicit constraints on independent attribute controls, and efficient collaborative learning of generator and discriminators, our model learns highly interpretable representations from even only word annotations, and produces realistic sentences with desired attributes. Quantitative evaluation validates the accuracy of sentence and attribute generation.
Neuroexcitatory plasma amino acids are elevated in migraine

To investigate the role of glutamic (Glu) and aspartic acid (Asp) in migraine, we measured the plasma amino acids in migraine patients with and without aura, between and during attacks, and compared the profiles with the plasma amino acid profiles of tension headache patients and healthy controls. Between attacks, migraineurs (notably with aura) had substantially higher plasma Glu and Asp levels than did controls and tension headache patients. In addition, patients with migraine without aura showed low plasma histidine levels. During migraine attacks, Glu (and to a lesser extent Asp) levels were even further increased. The results suggest a defective cellular reuptake mechanism for Glu and Asp in migraineurs, and we hypothesize a similar defect at the neuronal/glial cell level, predisposing the brain of migraineurs to develop spreading depression.
The need for a paradigm shift in CSCL tools

The major focus of computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) in the last decade was to enhance collaboration between learners and teachers and among learners. In this regard, several tools have been introduced, both commercial and in academia. For a CSCL tool to be able to support collaborative learning tasks effectively, several factors should be taken into consideration. This makes the process of designing an effective CSCL tool a challenging one. Among the factors that should be effectively tracked and modeled is the distributed cognition (DCog). DCog represents how collaborators interact with each other, and with their environment. It is of great importance in shaping the product of the learning process, which is collaborative knowledge. Knowledge itself is also a time-varying output, which should be affected by and, at the same time, affecting the DCog. This complicated relationship between the two phenomena adds more challenges to the process of designing an effective CSCL tool.
Composition of a Monoterpenoid-rich Essential Oil from the Rhizome of Zingiber officinale from North Western Himalayas

The chemical composition of the essential oil from the rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), collected from Nahan, Himachal Pradesh, India, was determined by gas chromatography and GC-MS. Fifty-one compounds, representing 95.1% of the oil, were identified. The oil was characterized by relatively large amounts of the monoterpenoids 1,8-cineole (10.9%), linalool (4.8%), borneol (5.6%), α-terpineol (3.6%), neral (8.1%), geraniol (14.5%), geranial (9.5%), trans-dimethoxy citral (5.0%) and geranyl acetate (6.3%). Five compounds, namely trans-linalool oxide, trans-linalool oxide acetate, (Z)-dimethoxycitral, (E)-dimethoxy citral and epi-zingiberenol are reported for the first time in oil of ginger.