Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Haemodynamic studies in shock associated with infection.

The circulatory responses of experimental animals to bacterial products vary among species, and data from such experiments are not necessarily translatable to man (Gilbert, 1960). The hemodynamic alterations occurring in man when infection is associated with shock were investigated originally by Gilbert et al. (1955). Similar investigations conducted by Udhoji et al. (1963), Udhoji and Weil (1965), Cohn and Luria (1964), and Wilson, Jablonski, and Thal (1964) have contributed to our knowledge of the basic mechanisms producing shock, but further evaluations of the efficacy of therapeutic measures used to combat shock associated with sepsis are necessary. Since few patients are available for such investigations, the studies in this paper were devised so that each patient served as his own control. Shortacting therapeutic agents were usually evaluated before long-acting agents, which might result in a new steady state. These studies demonstrate that vasopressors commonly fail to increase blood flow significantly without prior expansion of the plasma volume and that maintenance of an adequate central aortic pressure may be essential for preservation of coronary flow and cardiac function.
On the generalized solutions of a certain fourth order Euler equations

In this paper, using Laplace transform technique, we propose the generalized solutions of the fourth order Euler differential equations t4y(4)(t) + t3y ′′′(t) + t2y ′′(t) + ty ′(t) +my(t) = 0, where m is an integer and t ∈ R. We find types of solutions depend on the values of m. Precisely, we have a distributional solution for m = −k4 − 5k3 − 9k2 − 4k and a weak solution for m = −k4 + 5k3 − 9k2 + 4k, where k ∈ N. c ©2017 All rights reserved.
HIV type 1 subtype C in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

HIV-1 variants in different geographic regions have been phylogenetically classified into the genetic subtypes A-I and O on the basis of sequence differences in the V3 regions of their gp120 envelope genes. The existence of all HIV-1 subtypes except subtype I has been confirmed in Africa. This paper describes the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in Ethiopia. The first Ethiopian AIDS case was reported in 1986 and the AIDS epidemic has now become a rapidly growing problem in Addis Ababa, the capital city. HIV-1 seroprevalence in the city is estimated to be 10-27% among pregnant women, 47-59% among prostitutes, and 7% among blood donors. Preliminary sequence data on a limited number of samples indicated the presence of subtype C in Addis Ababa in 1988. 94 sera collected from prostitutes, pregnant women, and blood donors during 1989-95 were analyzed to assess the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in Addis Ababa. HIV-1 subtype C was identified in 93 of 94 cases. One case of subtype A virus was identified. Subtype C was also highly abundant also before the 1995 sera collection. Finally, the authors discuss how the Ethiopian subtype C sequences differ slightly from the consensus C sequence.
The Use of Autologous Dermis Grafts for the Reconstruction of the Anophthalmic Socket

Purpose: The main objectives of enucleation, evisceration or secondary orbital implants are to replace orbital volume and obtain good motility and adaptation of the implant and the external prosthesis. We describe our experience using autologous dermis graft sutured to Tenon and conjunctiva following evisceration, enucleation and any reconstruction requiring either a primary or secondary orbital implant, even those with large tissue loss. Materials and methods: A retrospective case series of patients who received an autologous dermis graft to assist in closure of a Tenon’s capsule and conjunctiva at the time of placement of secondary orbital implants or evisceration or enucleation with fornices retraction or tension in tissues. We also describe how and from where to take the dermis graft. Results: 72 patients were included and all received orbital porous polyethylene implants: 28 patients had secondary orbital implants, 36 patients had evisceration and 8 patients had enucleation. Implant size was 20 mm in most cases, but went to 22 mm. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 36 months. No intraoperative complications were observed in donor or receptor area. 8 cases had incipient ischemia of the dermis graft, but were treated and resolved with autologous serum. Conclusions: Implant exposure is due to bad surgical technique, an inadequate implant size or excessive tension on the suture. Dermis autologous graft allows moving the orbital implant anteriorly because it replaces surface to suture Tenon and conjunctiva without tension, so a good adaptation of a thinner external prosthesis is possible, resulting in better motility.
Lactate is the ultimate oxidative energy substrate in brain and elsewhere

Now-a-days, the focus on lactate is due to its being an oxidative substrate for energy metabolism in brain (and other tissues), rather than a useless end product of anaerobic glycolysis. Mounting evidence indicates that lactate does play a major role in aerobic energy metabolism in the brain, the heart, skeletal muscle and possibly in any other tissue and organ. Nevertheless, this evidence has challenged the old concept of lactate being an anaerobic waste product and ignited a fierce debate between the supporters of glucose as the major oxidative energy substrate and those who support lactate as a possible alternative to glucose under certain conditions. While researchers working on energy metabolism in skeletal muscle have taken great strides toward bridging between these two extreme positions, accepting lactate role as an oxidative energy substrate, neuroscientists appear to be somewhat more emotional about their differences and less agreeable. In this paper I have employed findings from research on skeletal muscle along with the existing old and new data on cerebral energy metabolism, to postulate that lactate is the only major product of cerebral (and other tissues) glycolysis, whether aerobic or anaerobic, neuronal or astrocytic, under rest or during activation. Accordingly, lactate is a major, if not the only, substrate used by the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle. If proven true, this hypothesis should provide a better understanding of the biochemistry and physiology of (cerebral) energy metabolism and hold important implications where neuroimaging is concerned.
Lopinavir-ritonavir monotherapy versus lopinavir-ritonavir and two nucleosides for maintenance therapy of HIV

Background:Prior attempts to reduce the number of drugs needed to maintain viral suppression in patients with suppressed HIV replication while receiving three antiretroviral drugs have been unsuccessful. Methods:In 205 patients with suppressed HIV replication on lopinavir-ritonavir and two nucleosides, this randomized, open-label, non-inferiority clinical trial compared the strategies of continuation of triple therapy versus lopinavir-ritonavir monotherapy followed by reinduction with two nucleosides if virological rebound occurred without genotypic resistance to lopinavir-ritonavir. The primary endpoint was proportion of patients without therapeutic failure, defined as confirmed HIV RNA higher than 500 copies/mL (with exclusion of patients receiving monotherapy who resuppressed to < 50 copies/mL after resuming baseline nucleosides), or loss to follow-up, or change of randomized therapy other than reinduction. Results:At week 48, the percentage of patients without therapeutic failure was 94% in the monotherapy group versus 90% in the triple therapy group (difference,-4%; upper limit of 95% confidence interval for difference, 3.4%). The percentage of patients with HIV RNA 50 copies/mL at 48 weeks by intention-to-treat, missing data or reinductions considered as failures, were 85% in the monotherapy group versus 90% in the triple therapy group (P = 0.31; 95% upper limit of 95% confidence interval for difference, 14%). Conclusion:In this trial, 48 weeks of lopinavir-ritonavir monotherapy with reintroduction of nucleosides as needed was non-inferior to continuation of two nucleosides and lopinavir-ritonavir in patients with prior stable suppression. However, episodes of low level viremia were more common in patients receiving monotherapy. (ClinicalTrials. gov number, NCT00114933).
Spatial Presence and Perceived Reality as Predictors of Motion-Based Video Game Enjoyment

This study investigated the impact of new motion-based video game control systems on spatial presence, perceived reality, and enjoyment of video games. In two experiments, university students played video games on either new motion-based (Sony's Move, Microsoft's Kinect, and Nintendo's Wii), or standard video game systems (PS3 and XBOX 360 with gamepads). The results indicate that, in the context of golf, racing, and boxing games, the higher technological interactivity of motion-based systems (particularly Kinect) increases feelings of spatial presence, perceived reality, and enjoyment. Perceived reality predicted spatial presence; and spatial presence, in turn, was a significant predictor of enjoyment. Moving toward a more natural user interface (NUI) between the player and the game world can create a more immersive, realistic, and fun experience for the player. A new model for enjoyment of motion-based video games is proposed.
Self Tolerance in the B‐Cell Repertoire

The simplest way to explain how self tolerance is maintained within the B-cell repertoire is that there is a lack of T-cell help and the associated signals required for B-cell activation (Bretscher & Cohn 1970). TTiere are, however, a number of arguments which speak against such a callow explanation for B-ce! I tolerance (Table I). In the first place, some self-reactive T cells may escape deletion within the thymus (Parham 1988) and on reaching peripheral lymphoid tissue could trigger any residual B cells with specificity for autoantigens. Even if such T cells become anergic on exposure to extrathymic self antigens in the periphery, as has recently been suggested by a number of groups (Morahan et al. 1989, Mueller 1989, Rammensee et al. 1989), at least two situations can be envisaged where a pathogenic autoantibody response could occur as a result of the association of B-cell epitopes with foreign T-cell epitopes (reviewed by Goodnow & Basten 1989). For example, some foreign antigens are known to express one or more crossreactive epitopes resembling self motifs. This situation applies particularly to those regions of foreign antigens such as the active sites of enzymes and combining sites of structural proteins or nucleic acid binding proteins which display a high degree of evolutionary conservation (Tan 1989). Alternatively, an autoantibody response could occur as a result of the formation of non-covalent complexes between self and foreign antigens such as viral DNA-binding proteins complexes with self DNA, bacterial particles associated with cell surface receptors or microbial antigens bound to self-lgG.
The Subcellular Localization of Syntaxin 17 Varies Among Different Cell Types and Is Altered in Some Malignant Cells

Syntaxin 17 (STX17) is a divergent member of the syntaxin family of proteins first discovered by Scheller and colleagues in a yeast two-hybrid screen designed to identify novel mammalian SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors). We recently independently identified STX17 as a novel Ras-interacting protein, but immunohistochemical studies suggested that STX17 is localized to the nucleus in normal pancreatic ductal epithelial, acinar, and islet cells in contrast to previous reports of cytoplasmic localization, albeit in other cell types. Therefore, we have conducted a more thorough survey of various human and mouse tissues to better establish the expression pattern of STX17 in different tissues and cell types. Although RT-PCR experiments demonstrate ubiquitous expression of STX17, closer examination by immunohistochemistry reveal that STX17 expression is limited to certain cell types. Furthermore, in contrast to the cytoplasmic localization previously reported in a limited number of cell types, we find that in many other cell types, syntaxin 17 can be found in the nucleus. Finally, we demonstrate that in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, STX17 localization is altered relative to normal hepatocytes, although the localization of STX17 differs even between these established human cancer cell lines and fresh human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, emphasizing the caution that must be exercised in drawing conclusions from data gathered in cell lines. The sequence divergence of STX17, the unexpected nuclear localization of STX17 in many cell types, and the altered localization of STX17 in malignant cells argue for a novel function of syntaxin 17 distinct from its hypothesized role in mediating membrane fusion events.
Anorexia nervosa in diabetes mellitus.

plexes suggests their responsibility in the recurrence of pulmonary haemorrhage. The origin and nature of these immune complexes remain unknown. They may be composed of basal membrane antigens and the corresponding antibodies or they may result from an intercurrent immunological attack of some sort. Our findings emphasise the importance of assaying for immune complexes in patients with Goodpasture's syndrome who suffer recurrences of pulmonary haemorrhages.
Satisfaction with Services in Innovative Managed Care Programs for Groups of Traditionally Underserved Individuals with HIV/AIDS: Empirical Models

SUMMARY As the number of people with HIV/AIDS receiving services in managed care models increases, concerns over quality of care and satisfaction with services have grown. This article examined data from three national demonstration projects that were funded to enroll traditionally underserved individuals and provide innovative medical services in programs developing models appropriate for managed care funding. Assessments of patient satisfaction were related to indicators of traditionally underserved status including demographic characteristics, behaviors, and other risk factors using the data modeling method of Exhaustive CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector). Overall patient satisfaction levels with these programs were very high. Through the modeling methods, the groups most likely to experience the greatest program satisfaction are identified. In general, all groups were highly satisfied with the programs.
LIGHT INTENSITY AND PHOTO PERIOD EFFECT ON GROWTH AND LIPID ACCUMULATION OF MICROALGAE CHLORELLA VULGARIS AND NANNOCHLOROPSIS SP FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

The application of microalgal oil for energy purposes continues to present a number of challenges, including the optimization of culture conditions. In this study, the two light intensities at 2.5 Klux and 5 Klux were used in light-dark cycles of 8:16, 16:8, 0:24 and 24:0 hour to investigate the effect of light intensity and photo period on biomass production and lipid productivities in microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis sp. in view of optimizing the illumination level for biodiesel production through algal oil. Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis sp were cultured in Guillard and Rither`s f/2 media for 21 days and 14 days growth periods respectively in a laboratory scale closed experimental set-up. The cultures were aerated with mechanical aerators. Finally, cells were harvested by flocculation and dry weight and the percentage lipid content were estimated. Significantly higher average dry matter yield was observed when the cells cultured under 5 Klux light intensity than the 2.5 Klux during all the tested photo periods in both species. In the present study, it was found that the significantly highest dry biomass of 0.63 g/L was recorded with light-dark cycle of 16:8 hour while highest percentage lipid content of 13.9 % was obtained light-dark cycle of 8:16 for C. vulgaris at 5 Klux light intensity. In Nannochloropsis sp, light-dark cycle of 16:8 hour recorded the significantly highest dry biomass of 0.62 g/L while 16:8 and 12:12 hour light-dark cycle reported the significantly highest percentage lipid content of 12.36 % and 12.96 % respectively. However, significantly higher final lipid yield of 0.07 g/L and 0.08 g/L was observed in 16:8 hour light-dark cycle for both C. vulgaris and Nannochloropsis sp respectively with 5 Klux light intensity. Therefore, it can be concluded that, the amount of light intensity affect significantly to the lipid yield of micro algae and the optimized photo period for culturing Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis sp. for lipid production, is to cultivate them with a light-dark cycle of 16:8 hour.
Steroid‐ and retinoid‐mediated growth arrest and apoptosis in WEHI‐231 cells: role of NF‐κB, c‐Myc and CKI p27Kip1

IgM cross‐linking induces NF‐κB inactivation, c‐Myc down‐regulation, and cyclin kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 accumulation in WEHI‐231 murine B lymphoma cells. p27Kip1 up‐regulation leads to a decreased cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 activity, retinoblastoma protein hypophosphorylation, G1 arrest and apoptosis. Similar to membrane (m) IgM cross‐linking in B lymphoma cells, steroids and retinoids down‐regulate c‐Myc (via NF‐κB inactivation) and induce apoptosis in T cell hybridomas and thymocytes. In this study, we determined if steroids and retinoids have similar effects in WEHI‐231 cells. Our results show that steroids and retinoids induce NF‐κB inactivation, c‐Myc down‐regulation, p27Kip1 up‐regulation, G1 arrest, and apoptosis. Importantly, these hormones enhance anti‐IgM‐induced apoptosis in WEHI‐231 cells. Similar to mIgM signaling, all these effects are prevented by treatment with CD40 ligand. Caspase inhibition, on the other hand, rescues cells from steroid/retinoid‐induced apoptosis, but has no effect on growth arrest, p27Kip1, and c‐Myc. Together, these findings suggest that steroids/retinoids and mIgM cross‐linking share a common signal transduction pathway leading to G1 arrest and cell death.
EVIDENCE SUGGESTING THAT THE GRANULES OF MYCOBACTERIA ARE MITOCHONDRIA

The granules which are so readily demonstrable in mycobacteria were interpreted by Robert Koch (1884) as spores.4 More recently they have been interpreted, with minor variations, as reserve particles, fat droplets, degeneration products, reproductive (Much) granules, conidia, gonidia, "sporide," and nuclei. The literature has been well reviewed among others by Wessel (1942), Knaysi (1929), and Knaysi, Hillier, and Fabricant (1950). The present work demonstrates that these granules are loci of enzymatic oxidative-reductive activities, contain phospholipid, and give in high dilutions of Janus green B the succession of colors characteristic for the staining of mitochondria. The granules have smooth spheroidal to ellipsoidal contours and, except when deformed by adjacent structures, have surfaces of minimal areas. When the granules have been volatilized by intense electronic bombardment, definite limiting surface membranes remain. The essential attributes of these granules are characteristic of the mitochondria of the cells of higher animals and plants.
A robust spatio-temporal face modelling approach using 3D multimodal fusion for biometric security applications

In this paper, we propose a robust spatio-temporal face modelling approach based on multilevel fusion strategy involving cascaded fusion of hybrid multimodal fusion of audio-lip-face motion, correlation and depth features for biometric security application. The proposed approach combines the information from different audio-video based modules, namely: audio-lip motion module, audio-lip correlation module, 2D+3D motion-depth fusion module, and performs a hybrid cascaded fusion in an automatic, unsupervised and adaptive manner, by adapting to the local performance of each module. This is done by taking the output-score based reliability estimates (confidence measures) of each of the module into account. The module weightings are determined automatically such that the reliability measure of the combined scores is maximised. To test the robustness of the proposed approach, the audio and visual speech (mouth) modalities are degraded to emulate various levels of train/test mismatch; employing additive white Gaussian noise for the audio and JPEG compression for the video signals. The results show improved fusion performance for a range of tested levels of audio and video degradation, compared to the individual module performances. Experiments on a 3D stereovision database AVOZES show that, at severe levels of audio and video mismatch, the audio, mouth, 3D face, and tri-module (audio-lip motion, correlation and depth) fusion EERs were 42.9%, 32%, 15%, and 7.3% respectively for biometric identity verification scenario.
Gamma-ray Compton imaging of multitracer in bio-samples by strip germanium telescope

The feasibility of a Compton camera for /spl gamma/-ray emission imaging of radioactive multi-nuclide tracer (multitracer) has been proved by the results of some bio-sample imaging experiments. The distribution of the multitracer administered to a soybean sample and a tumor-bearing mouse has been visualized for each nuclide simultaneously. Some three-dimensional images of the multitracer have been obtained though the samples were measured from a fixed direction.
Active Transport of Potassium and Chloride in an Identifiable Molluscan Neuron

Direct measurements of intracellular K+ and Cl-activities before and after blockage of cellular metabolic processes indicate that K+ is actively transported inwardly and Cl-is actively transported outwardly from the giant cell of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. The rewarming of cells that have been cooled to 1� � 1�C causes K+ to be taken up and Cl- to be extruded against electrochemical gradients.
Electricity Tariffs Under Imperfect Knowledge of Participant Benefits

The authors consider the problem of establishing tariffs for electrical energy under uncertainty about the value of the energy to the participants. A tariff update that achieves welfare maximization asymptotically through successive approximations to the ideal tariff is proposed. The successive update of the tariff avoids the need for accurate a priori knowledge of electricity system demand and generation as a function of price. The key results are a tariff update algorithm and a proof of local convergence, two necessary steps for implementation of practical responsive pricing. >
A comparison of numerical surface topography calculations in geodynamic modelling: an evaluation of the ‘sticky air’ method

SUMMARY Calculating surface topography in geodynamic models is a common numerical problem. Besides other approaches, the so-called ‘sticky air’ approach has gained interest as a free-surface proxy at the top boundary. The often used free slip condition is thereby vertically extended by introducing a low density, low viscosityfluid layer. This allows the air/crust interface to behave in a similar manner to a true free surface. We present here a theoretical analysis that provides the physical conditions under which the sticky air approach is a valid approximation of a true free surface. Two cases are evaluated that characterize the evolution of topography on different timescales: (1) isostatic relaxation of a cosine perturbation and (2) topography changes above a rising plume. We quantitatively compare topographies calculated by six different numerical codes (using finite difference and finite element techniques) using three different topography calculation methods: (i) direct calculation of topography from normal stress, (ii) body-fitting methods allowing for meshing the topography and (iii) Lagrangian tracking of the topography on an Eulerian grid. It is found that the sticky air approach works well as long as the term (ηst/ηch)/(hst/L) 3 is sufficiently small, where ηst and hst are the viscosity and thickness of the sticky air layer, and ηch and L are the characteristic viscosity and length scale of the model, respectively. Spurious lateral fluctuations of topography, as observed in some marker-based sticky air approaches, may effectively be damped by an anisotropic distribution of markers with a higher number of markers per element in the vertical than in the horizontal direction.