Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The practice and tradition of bonesetting.

CONTEXT Traditional bonesetting is an art that in the face of urbanization, lack of public attention and lack of modern facilities has survived more than 3,000 years. This article explores the role of bonesetters in the developing world, their successes and failures and possible utilization of their services as part of the healthcare system of a country. METHODS Articles depicting working or techniques of bonesetters or those related to training and education issues of traditional bonesetters, especially in developing countries, were reviewed. The current scenario of healthcare delivery and medical education along with existing socioeconomic conditions prevailing in India were analyzed with generalization of findings to the healthcare delivery systems of other developing countries. FINDINGS Bonesetting has its strengths and weaknesses. With current socioeconomic conditions and the types of health needs prevailing in developing countries, it would be difficult to abolish traditional bonesetting. These providers have widespread community acceptance and support. Complications can be minimized and practice potentially improved with training and education. CONCLUSIONS Pending infrastructure and socioeconomic development, it appears that traditional bonesetters will remain providers of healthcare. Their methodology utilizes regional resources and is commonly believed to be cheaper and effective. Although the deficiencies of traditional bonesetters have been shown, with adequate training in the basics of orthopaedic care, they can be utilized to provide useful health services at the primary care level.
Isolation and characterization of NADH-glutamate synthase from pea (Pisum sativum L.).

Both ferredoxin-glutamate synthase (EC 1.4.7.1) and NADH-glutamate synthase (EC 1.4.1.14) were isolated separately on DEAE-cellulose chromatography from etiolated pea shoots. The latter enzyme was purified 1,400-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatographies of DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-200 and blue-Sepharose. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 220,000 and an isoelectric point of 4.3. The optimum pH was 7.6. Apparent Km values for l-glutamine, 2-oxoglutarate and NADH were 400, 37 and 4 µm, respectively. The enzyme had its absorption maxima at 275, 375 and 440 nm, suggesting that pea NADH-glutamate synthase is a flavoprotein. It showed NADH-diaphorase activity toward ferricyanide and 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol as the electron acceptor. Sulfhydryl reagents, metal-chelating reagents, phthalein acids and azaserine were strong inhibitors. Ammonium and phosphate ions enhanced the enzyme activity.
A 1.8 $\mu$ W 60 nV$/\surd$ Hz Capacitively-Coupled Chopper Instrumentation Amplifier in 65 nm CMOS for Wireless Sensor Nodes

This paper presents a low-power precision instrumentation amplifier intended for use in wireless sensor nodes. It employs a capacitively-coupled chopper topology to achieve a rail-to-rail input common-mode range as well as high power efficiency. A positive feedback loop is employed to boost its input impedance, while a ripple reduction loop suppresses the chopping ripple. To facilitate bio-potential sensing, an optional DC servo loop may be employed to suppress electrode offset. The IA achieves 1 μV offset, 0.16% gain inaccuracy, 134 dB CMRR, 120 dB PSRR and a noise efficiency factor of 3.3. The instrumentation amplifier was implemented in a 65 nm CMOS technology. It occupies only 0.1 mm2 chip area (0.2 mm2 with the DC servo loop) and consumes 1.8 μA current (2.1 μA with the DC servo loop) from a 1 V supply.
Evidence on the operation of ATP‐induced capacitative calcium entry in breast cancer cells and its blockade by 17β‐estradiol

Little is known about the regulation of cytosolic calcium Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) in breast cancer cells. We investigated the existence of capacitative calcium entry (CCE) in the tumorigenic cell line MCF‐7 and its responsiveness to ATP. MCF‐7 cells express purinergic receptors as well as estrogen receptors (ER). Depletion of calcium stores with thapsigargin (TG, 500 nM) or ATP (10 μM) in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, resulted in a rapid and transient elevation in [Ca2+]i. After recovery of basal levels, Ca2+ readmission (1.5 mM) to the medium increased Ca2+ influx (twofold over basal), reflecting pre‐activation of a CCE pathway. Cells pretreated with TG were unable to respond to ATP, thus indicating that the same Ca2+ store is involved in their response. Moreover, IP3‐dependent ATP‐induced calcium mobilization and CCE were completely blocked using compound U‐73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C. Compound 2‐APB (75 μM) and Gd3+ (10 μM), antagonists of the CCE pathway, completely prevented ATP‐stimulated capacitative Ca2+ entry. CCE in MCF‐7 cells was highly permeable to Mn2+ and to the Ca2+ surrogate Sr2+. Mn2+ entry sensitivity to Gd3+ matched that of the Ca2+ entry pathway. 17β‐estradiol blocked ATP‐induced CCE, but was without effect on TG‐induced CCE. Besides, the estrogen blockade of the ATP‐induced CCE was completely abolished by preincubation of the cells with an ER monoclonal antibody. ER α immunoreactivity could also be detected in a purified plasma membrane fraction of MCF‐7 cells. These results represent the first evidence on the operation of a ATP‐responsive CCE pathway in MCF‐7 cells and also indicate that 17β‐estradiol interferes with this mechanism by acting at the cell surface level. J. Cell. Biochem. 87: 324–333, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor thermal ablation therapy using alkali metals as powerful self‐heating seeds

The aim of this study is to demonstrate a new tumor thermal ablation therapy, which might lead to a highly economic, safe and efficient heating of target tissues. The alkali metals, usually seen as hazard mediums in daily life, were proposed for the first time as perfect self‐heating seeds which can significantly raise the temperature of the tumor tissues. Owing to the tremendous heat released at only the target site during reaction between the metal and the intrinsically existing wet environment of the biological body, the tumor tissues can be efficiently ablated without causing thermal damage to the surrounding healthy tissues. Several conceptual experiments were performed to demonstrate the new thermal ablation principle. Mammary adenocarcinoma cells in culture were found to be quickly destroyed due to the thermal and chemical effects induced by the alkali metal. Further, a significant temperature increase by a magnitude of > 40°C or even combustion has been found easily available at the target site; this temperature increase produces a sufficiently large coagulation and necrosis area within selected areas either for in vitro or in vivo tests. The unique merit of the present thermal ablation therapy is that its remaining reactant can be absorbed by the tissue itself without causing any damage. This study opens possibilities of using the alkali metals to thermally ablate the target tumor in future clinical applications.
Design and application of a compact UWB Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna

This paper presents the design of a compact Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (AVA) with good performance for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The miniaturized AVA — 40 × 40 × 0.8 mm, its balanced feed structure and its mechanical ground support are described in detail. The simulated results show that the proposed AVA covers a bandwidth ranging from 4.73 to more than 22 GHz with a peak gain above 5 dBi for the highest frequencies. A prototype was built and its return loss was measured. The designed antenna is utilized in a direction finding (DF) system based on the amplitude-comparison monopulse technique. The calibration curves and the corresponding residual errors of the proposed system are derived. An RMS residual error lower than 2.5° is obtained over a range of 40°.
Increased frontoparietal integration after stroke and cognitive recovery

The neural mechanism by which patients spontaneously recover cognitive function after brain injury is not understood. Here we demonstrate for the first time that aphasic patients, who have largely recovered language function, show increased frontoparietal integration. A similar change in functional connectivity is also observed when normal subjects are exposed to adverse listening conditions. Thus, compensation for inefficient language processing is associated with increased integration between parts of the language network critical to language control. This change reflects greater top‐down control of speech comprehension and provides a mechanism by which language impairments after stroke may be compensated for. ANN NEUROL 2010
Multivariate analysis of the sexual dimorphism of the hip bone in a modern human population and in early hominids.

A large sample of hip bones of known sex coming from one modern population is studied morphologically and by multivariate analysis to investigate sexual dimorphism patterns. A principal component analysis of raw data shows that a large amount of the hip bone sexual dimorphism is accounted for by size differences, but that sex-linked shape variation is also very conspicuous and cannot be considered an allometric consequence of differences in body size between the sexes. The PCA of transformed ("shape") variables indicates that the female hip bones are different in those traits associated with a relatively larger pelvic inlet (longer pubic bones, a greater degree of curvature of the iliopectineal line, and more posterior position of the auricular surface), as well as a broader sciatic notch. The analysis of nonmetric traits also shows marked sexual dimorphism in the position of the sacroiliac joint in the iliac bone, in the shape of the sciatic notch, in pubic morphology, and in the presence of the pre-auricular sulcus in females. When the australopithecine AL 288-1 and Sts 14 hip bones are included in the multivariate analysis, they appear as "ultra-females. " In particular these early hominids exhibit extraordinarily long pubic bones and iliopectineal lines, which cannot be explained by allometry.
Yield optimization of modular and redundant multimegabit RAMs: a study of effectiveness of coding versus static redundancy using the center-satellite model

To determine the optimal redundancy organization for yield enhancement, redundant and modular memories are analyzed using the center-satellite model. The model suggests that the degree of redundancy for a memory module be determined according to its distance from the periphery of the wafer since the defect density increases as the periphery is neared. Analytical expressions are formulated for the yield of memory modules with extra rows and/or extra columns, coding, and coding with extra rows. Results from the analysis suggest that, for high levels of defect densities, coding can be more effective than simple extra rows and columns. For high levels of defect densities, coding with extra rows is shown to offer even better yield. For low levels of defect densities, though, just extra rows and columns may be sufficient for a high yield. An optimal amount of redundancy can be found to achieve the highest possible yield using the model that considers precise cluster distributions on the wafer, defects in a cluster, and the radial variation of these defects. >
Choline deficiency causes reversible hepatic abnormalities in patients receiving parenteral nutrition: proof of a human choline requirement: a placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that plasma free choline concentrations are significantly decreased in many long-term home total parenteral nutrition (TPN) patients. Furthermore, low choline status has been associated with both hepatic morphologic and hepatic aminotransferase abnormalities. A preliminary pilot study suggested choline-supplemented TPN may be useful in reversal of these hepatic abnormalities. METHODS Fifteen patients (10 M, 5 F) who had required TPN for > or =80% of their nutritional needs were randomized to receive their usual TPN (n = 8), or TPN to which 2 g choline chloride had been added (n = 7) for 24 weeks. Baseline demographic data were similar between groups. Patients had CT scans of the liver and spleen, and blood for plasma free and phospholipid-bound choline, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilirubin, serum lipids, complete blood count (CBC), and chemistry profile obtained at baseline, and weeks 2, 4, 6, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 34. CT scans were analyzed for Hounsfield unit (HU) densities. RESULTS There were no significant differences in any measured parameters after 2 weeks. However, at 4 weeks, a significant difference in liver HU between groups was observed (13.3+/-5.0 HU [choline] vs 5.8+/-5.2 HU [placebo], p = .04). This significant trend continued through week 24. Recurrent hepatic steatosis and decreased HU were observed at week 34, 10 weeks after choline supplementation had been discontinued. A significant increase in the liver-spleen differential HU was also observed in the choline group (10.6+/-6.2 HU [choline] vs 1.3+/-3.3 HU [placebo], p = .01). Serum ALT decreased significantly (p = .01 to .05) in the choline group vs placebo at weeks 6,12, 20, and 24. Serum AST was significantly decreased in the choline group by week 24 (p = .02). The serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly reduced in the choline group at weeks 2, 12, 20, 24, and 34 (p = .02 to 0.07). Total bilirubin was normal in these patients and remained unchanged during the study. Serum GGT tended to decrease more in the choline group, but the greater decrease was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Choline deficiency is a significant contributor to the development of TPN-associated liver disease. The data suggest choline is a required nutrient for long-term home TPN patients.
Present status of pharyngogastric anastomosis following pharyngolaryngo‐oesophagectomy

Pharyngolaryngo‐oesophagectomy with pharyngogastric anastomosis was described more than 25 years ago. Since then it has been employed for the treatment of cancers of the hypopharynx, cervical oesophagus and larynx. Results of recent reports showed a wide variability. Our previous report of 157 such operations gave a significant morbidity and overall hospital mortality rate of 31 per cent. In the 6‐year period between 1980 and 1985, 91 patients underwent this operation. The morbidity and mortality rates gradually decreased to 30 and 5 per cent respectively. Changes in the indications for the operation resulted in a reduction in the number of procedures performed in recent years. Resection of the oesophagus for cancers of the pharyngolaryngeal region is indicated only when there is actual oesophageal involvement, and would be the prime indication of pharyngogastric anastomosis.
Distributions and Biomass of Benthic Ciliates, Foraminifera and Amoeboid Protists in Marine, Brackish, and Freshwater Sediments

The quantitative importance of ciliates, foraminifers, and amoebae was investigated in marine, brackish, and freshwater sediments from 15 littoral stations. Total protozoan communities were usually dominated by ciliates in term of abundance, while amoebae often dominated in terms of biomass. Applying the biomass‐metabolic rate equation, ciliates, amoebae, and foraminifera were estimated to contribute 66% of the total abundance and 33% of the biomass, but up to 55% of the combined metabolic rate to the micro‐ and meiobenthos in the 15 sediments. Statistical analyses using ciliate data demonstrated: (1) species composition and community structures represented significant differences between freshwater and marine/brackish sediments, and subsequently between temperate and arctic sampling sites; (2) the occurrence of dominant ciliates and their allocation to feeding types indicated that herbivory was the most common feeding strategy in these sediments; (3) multivariate analyses showed all of the tested environmental factors (temperature, salinity, silt/clay, carbon, nitrogen, and chlorophyll a) to be important to varying degrees, but especially the combination of salinity, temperature, and silt/clay. Multiple factor effects or comprehensive influences might be important in regulating the distribution of protozoa in sediments. The importance of protozoa in sediment systems and the potential ecological significance of cysts are discussed.
DNA repair gene polymorphisms and risk of adult meningioma, glioma, and acoustic neuroma.

Although the etiology of primary brain tumors is largely unknown, prior studies suggest that DNA repair polymorphisms may influence risk of glioma. Altered DNA repair is also likely to affect the risk of meningioma and acoustic neuroma, but these tumors have not been well studied. We estimated the risk of glioma (n = 362), meningioma (n = 134), and acoustic neuroma (n = 69) in non-Hispanic whites with respect to 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms from 26 genes involved in DNA repair in a hospital-based, case-control study conducted by the National Cancer Institute. We observed significantly increased risk of meningioma with the T variant of GLTSCR1 rs1035938 (OR(CT/TT) = 3.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.8-6.9; P(trend) . 0006), which persisted after controlling for multiple comparisons (P = .019). Significantly increased meningioma risk was also observed for the minor allele variants of ERCC4 rs1800067 (P(trend) . 01); MUTYH rs3219466 (P(trend) . 02), and PCNA rs25406 (P(trend) . 03). The NBN rs1805794 minor allele variant was associated with decreased meningioma risk (P(trend) . 006). Risk of acoustic neuroma was increased for the ERCC2 rs1799793 (P(trend) . 03) and ERCC5 rs17655 (P(trend) . 05) variants and decreased for the PARP1 rs1136410 (P(trend) . 03). Decreased glioma risk was observed with the XRCC1 rs1799782 variant (P(trend) . 04). Our results suggest that common DNA repair variants may affect the risk of adult brain tumors, especially meningioma.
Toward machine translation with statistics and syntax and semantics

In this paper, we survey some central issues in the historical, current, and future landscape of statistical machine translation (SMT) research, taking as a starting point an extended three-dimensional MT model space. We posit a socio-geographical conceptual disparity hypothesis, that aims to explain why language pairs like Chinese-English have presented MT with so much more difficulty than others. The evolution from simple token-based to segment-based to tree-based syntactic SMT is sketched. For tree-based SMT, we consider language bias rationales for selecting the degree of compositional power within the hierarchy of expressiveness for transduction grammars (or synchronous grammars). This leads us to inversion transductions and the ITG model prevalent in current state-of-the-art SMT, along with the underlying ITG hypothesis, which posits a language universal. Against this backdrop, we enumerate a set of key open questions for syntactic SMT. We then consider the more recent area of semantic SMT. We list principles for successful application of sense disambiguation models to semantic SMT, and describe early directions in the use of semantic role labeling for semantic SMT.
Is HCl Duloxetine Effective in the Management of Urinary Stress Incontinence after Radical Prostatectomy?

Introduction: Up to 70% of patients who undergo radical prostatectomy complain about urine leakage, but persistent stress incontinence 1 year after surgery affects <5% of them. HCl duloxetine is a dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that relieves the symptoms of stress urinary incontinence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of HCl duloxetine in the management of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy and its impact in urodynamic parameters such as maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP), abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP) and retrograde leak point pressure (RLPP). Material and Methods: The study included 18 men with stress urinary incontinence 12 months after radical prostatectomy. All underwent a pad test to quantify the degree of urine loss and a urodynamic evaluation before and after a three month treatment with HCl duloxetine. The intrinsic sphincter was evaluated by ALPP and RLPP and the striated sphincter by MUCP. Results: At the pretreatment evaluation the mean ALPP was 52.1 cm H2O, the mean MUCP was 52.5 cm H2O and the mean RLPP was 43.1 cm H2O. After 3 months of HCl duloxetine treatment the mean ALPP was 59.1 cm H2O, the mean MUCP was 67.3 cm H2O and the mean RLPP was 45.1 cm H2O. There was a statistically significant correlation among RLPP, MUCP and ALPP before treatment. After HCl duloxetine treatment there was significant correlation between RLPP and ALPP. Conclusion: The use of HCl duloxetine results in mild increase of MUCP and in significant reduction of urine loss. Its action on the extrinsic sphincter does not provide a complete treatment option for postprostatectomy incontinence.
Trends in the application of dynamic allocation methods in multi-arm cancer clinical trials

Background Dynamic allocation (DA) methods which attempt to balance baseline prognostic factors between treatment arms, can be used in multi-arm clinical trials to sequentially allocate patients to treatment. Although some experts express concern regarding the validity of inference from trials using DA, others believe DA methods produce more credible results. Purpose A review of published multi-arm cancer clinical trials was conducted to explore the frequency of DA use in oncology. Methods Multi-arm phase III clinical trials of at least 100 patients per arm, published in 13 major oncology journals from 1995—2005 were manually reviewed. Information about reported use of DA methods, or randomization via random permuted blocks (PB), was extracted along with trial characteristics. Results Of 476 published clinical trials, 112 (23.5%) reported using some form of DA method, while 103 (21.6%) reported using PB methods. Most trials (403 or 84.7%) reported stratifying on at least one baseline factor. The mean number of stratification factors was 2.70 per trial, and 78.6% of DA trials reported 3 or more stratification factors compared with 30.2% of non-DA trials (p < 0.001). The frequency of DA use increased over time, with 20.2%, 21.3%, 25.8%, 28.8% and 38.9% of trials reported use in 1995—2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005, respectively. Use of DA methods was more frequently reported in trials involving an academic co-operative group (28.4% vs. 13.8%), however, no difference was observed between industry-funded and other-funded trials (24.0% vs. 23.2%) or geographical region (19.7% of North American trials, 26.2% of European trials and 21.7% of multinational/other trials). Limitations As a retrospective analysis, the true frequency of DA use is likely underreported. Few trials gave complete details of the allocation method used, thus it is possible some manuscripts reported incorrect allocation methods. Journals were selected which were assumed to publish most large, multi-arm clinical trials in cancer from 1995—2005, however, some trials were likely reported in journals other than what was reviewed. Conclusions DA methods are frequently used in multi-arm cancer clinical trials. The use of DA appears to becoming more common over time and are used more frequently when an academic cooperative group is involved. No relationship between industry funded trials or geographic region and allocation method was observed. Clinical Trials 2010; 7: 227—234. http://ctj.sagepub. com