Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient and accurate modeling of power supply noise on distributed on-chip power networks

In this paper, we propose an efficient and accurate modeling technique for power supply noise estimation over on-chip power lines which are modeled as distributed RCL networks. With this model, peak noise on the power lines that includes on-chip resistive and inductive voltage drops, switching noise on packages, and on-chip decoupling effects, can be computed very efficiently and accurately. The model is verified by SPICE simulations.
Regulation of Glutamine Synthetase in the Diazotroph Rhodospirillum rubrum

Adenylyltransferase (GlnE) catalyzes the reversible adenylylation of glutamine synthetase. In this report we present, for the first time, evidence for a peroxiredoxin activity of Rhodospirillum rubrum GlnE, through the carboxyl-terminal AhpC/thiol-specific antioxidant (TSA) domain. The combination of GlnE and AhpC/TSA domains within the same polypeptide constitutes a unique domain architecture that has not previously been identified among proteobacteria.
Feasibility of Flow Cytometry for Measurements of Plasmodium falciparum Parasite Burden in Studies in Areas of Malaria Endemicity by Use of Bidimensional Assessment of YOYO-1 and Autofluorescence

ABSTRACT The detection and quantification of Plasmodium falciparum in studies of malaria endemicity primarily relies upon microscopy. High-throughput quantitative methods with less subjectivity and greater reliability are needed for investigational studies. The staining of parasitized erythrocytes with YOYO-1 for flow cytometry bears great potential as a tool for assessing malaria parasite burden. Capillary blood was collected from children presenting to the pediatric ward of the Manhiça District Hospital in Mozambique for parasitemia assessment by thick and thin blood films, flow cytometry (YOYO-1530/585), and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Whole blood was fixed and stained with YOYO-1 for acquisition on a cytometer to assess the frequency of infected erythrocyte events. qRT-PCR was used as the gold standard for the detection of P. falciparum. The YOYO-1530/585 method was as sensitive and specific as conventional microscopy (area under the receiver operating characteristic, 0.9 for both methods). The interrater mean difference for YOYO-1530/585 was near zero. Parasite density using flow cytometry and complete blood counts returned density estimates with a mean difference 2.2 times greater than results by microscopy (confidence interval, 1.46 to 3.60) but with limits of agreement between 10 times lower and 50 times higher than those of microscopy. The YOYO-1530/585 staining pattern was established exactly as demonstrated in animal models, but the assay was limited by the lack of appropriate negative-control samples for establishing background levels and the definition of positives in areas in which malaria is endemic. YOYO-1530/585 is a high-throughput tool with great potential if the limitations of negative controls and heterogeneous levels of background signal can be overcome.
The Geometrical Theory of Science

Classical mechanics and quantum mechanics are the two cornerstones of science. As is well known, classical mechanics, the theory that describes the macrophysical world, has grown and flowered both in experimentation and theorization. The same is not true of quantum mechanics, the theory that describes the microphysical world. While experimentation has shown giant strides, theorization has been essentially static, having not moved appreciably beyond the great achievements of the 1920s. The reason is not difficult to fathom: while theoretical progress in classical mechanics has been intellect-driven, that in quantum mechanics, on the other hand, has been machine-driven! In this paper we describe both classical and quantum systems in an absolute and a common language (geometry). Indeed, we construct the whole of science on the basis of just three numbers, namely, 1, 2, and 3.
Students’ perception of the educational environment in medical college: a study based on DREEM questionnaire

Purpose: The educational environment (EE) plays a very important role in effective student learning. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) is a validated tool to assess the EE. This study aimed to collect baseline information about our medical student’s perception of the EE, and to identify areas of strengths and weaknesses as well as scope for improvements in the current EE. Methods: Medical students and interns were included in this cross-sectional study. The DREEM questionnaire was used to measure students’ perceptions about the EE, which has five domains: students’ perceptions of learning; students’ perceptions of teachers; students’ academic self-perceptions; students’ perceptions of atmosphere; and students’ social self-perceptions. Students were asked to respond using a 5-point Likert-type scale. Data was analyzed using suitable tests and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The mean global DREEM score was 123/200. All students had more positive than negative academic self-perception (21.24/32), perception of atmosphere (29.21/48), and perception of learning (28.99/48), while their social self-perception (17.48/28) was not too bad and perception of teachers (26.71/44) moved in the right direction. The fifth semester students perceived EE more positively than other semester students. Conclusion: The present study revealed that all students perceived their EE positively. The positive points were that teachers were knowledgeable, that students had good friends, and they were confident about passing their exams. Problem areas observed were authoritarian teachers, overemphasis on factual learning, overly teacher-centered teaching, teachers getting angry, and the need for a support system for stressed students.
Adolescent Self-esteem: Differences by Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Age

Large-scale representative surveys of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students in the United States show high self-esteem scores for all groups. African-American students score highest, Whites score slightly higher than Hispanics, and Asian Americans score lowest. Males score slightly higher than females. Multivariate controls for grades and college plans actually heighten these race/ethnic/gender differences. A truncated scoring method, designed to counter race/ethnic differences in extreme response style, reduced but did not eliminate the subgroup differences. Age differences in self-esteem are modest, with 12th graders reporting the highest scores. The findings are highly consistent across 18 annual surveys from 1991 through 2008, and self-esteem scores show little overall change during that period.
Just Feeding the Ducks: Quantifying a Common Wildlife-human Interaction

Wildlife feeding is very popular and widespread throughout the Western world. In Australia, the public is actively engaged in both private and public settings. Duck feeding in urban lakes, in particular, is a popular public activity. This preliminary study investigated the practice of duck feeding at 10 locations within south-east Queensland. The diversity of waterbird species fed was consistent with previous studies within the region. An unexpected finding was the abundance of domesticated ducks present. Dabbling duck species were seen to take advantage of feeding whereas grazing duck species did not. It was found that duck feeding was a common practice of humans and that on average people were involved for 4.5 minutes and fed an average of 4.9 slices of bread per feeding session. This suggests a need for further study into the potential impacts of bread deposited into the water system and the general health of duck species.
Surgical outcomes after breast cancer surgery: measuring acute lymphedema.

BACKGROUND Studies of lymphedema have used inconsistent measures and criteria. The purpose of this pilot study was to measure the onset and incidence of acute lymphedema in breast cancer survivors using strict criteria for limb evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eligible women were those undergoing breast cancer surgery that included axillary staging and/or radiation therapy of the breast. Arm volume, strength, and flexibility were measured preoperatively and quarterly. Lymphedema was defined as a greater than 10% increase in limb volume. Additional strength and flexibility assessments were done at these times. RESULTS In 30 evaluable patients, half underwent modified radical mastectomy and half lumpectomy, with half of the lumpectomy patients undergoing axillary node staging. Of the 30 patients 27% were Stage 0; the rest were Stage I (27%), IIA (13%), IIB (23%), and IIIA (7%). One subject was IIIB postoperatively. There were 2 women with a 10% or greater change in limb volume; the change was detected in one woman at 3 months (5% incidence) and in the second woman at 6 months (11% incidence). Both had undergone mastectomy and axillary dissection and one of these two women had symptoms of tingling and numbness in the affected arm that began at 3 months. Overall, 35% of the sample experienced symptoms by 3 months, which included numbness, aching, and tingling of the entire upper extremity, but without volume changes. The relationship between undergoing modified radical mastectomy and experiencing symptoms in the affected limb at 3 months was significant (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this interim report strict methods of measurement and limb volume comparisons detected acute lymphedema at 3 months in 5% of the sample, and at 6 months in 11% of the sample. Furthermore, symptoms were detected in 35% without volume changes at 3 months postoperatively, which may warn of lymphedema occurrence within the next 3 months. This may assist clinical evaluation of symptoms in the postoperative period and support early referral to lymphedema experts.
Species–habitat associations in a Sri Lankan dipterocarp forest

Forest structure and species distribution patterns were examined among eight topographically defined habitats for the 205 species with stems ≥ 1 cm dbh inhabiting a 25-ha plot in the Sinharaja rain forest, Sri Lanka. The habitats were steep spurs, less-steep spurs, steep gullies and less-steep gullies, all at either lower or upper elevations. Mean stem density was significantly greater on the upper spurs than in the lower, less-steep gullies. Stem density was also higher on spurs than in gullies within each elevation category and in each upper-elevation habitat than in its corresponding lower-elevation habitat. Basal area varied less among habitats, but followed similar trends to stem density. Species richness and Fisher's alpha were lower in the upper-elevation habitats than in the lower-elevation habitats. These differences appeared to be related to the abundances of the dominant species. Of the 125 species subjected to torus-translation tests, 99 species (abundant and less abundant and those in different strata) showed at least one positive or negative association to one or more of the habitats. Species associations were relatively more frequent with the lower-elevation gullies. These and the previous findings on seedling ecophysiology, morphology and anatomy of some of the habitat specialists suggest that edaphic and hydrological variation related to topography, accompanied by canopy disturbances of varying intensity, type and extent along the catenal landscape, plays a major role in habitat partitioning in this forest.
Relationships of phytogeography and diversity of tropical tree species with limestone topography in southern Belize

Aim The flora of northern Mesoamerica conventionally has been thought to be derived from taxa that emigrated from South America, but this view has recently been challenged as too simple. The dominance of limestone substrata in much of northern Mesoamerica, and its rarity in the rest of the continental Neotropics, may be one cause of the complexity of northern Mesoamerican floristics. Furthermore, northern Mesoamerica experiences longer and more intense seasonal drought than the rest of the continental Neotropics. As edaphic drought is accentuated with elevation on limestone soils, it may be expected that different topographic features have different phytogeographical affinities for seasonally drought‐prone areas of the Neotropics. The objective of this study was to test for effects of different topographic positions on the composition, phytogeography and diversity of tree species in a limestone area of Belize.
An Aspergillus niger esterase (ferulic acid esterase III) and a recombinant Pseudomonas fluorescens subsp. cellulosa esterase (Xy1D) release a 5-5' ferulic dehydrodimer (diferulic acid) from barley and wheat cell walls

Diferulate esters strengthen and cross-link primary plant cell walls and help to defend the plant from invading microbes. Phenolics also limit the degradation of plant cell walls by saprophytic microbes and by anaerobic microorganisms in the rumen. We show that incubation of wheat and barley cell walls with ferulic acid esterase from Aspergillus niger (FAE-III) or Pseudomonas fluorescens (Xy1D), together with either xylanase I from Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride xylanase, or xylanase from Pseudomonas fluorescens (XylA), leads to release of the ferulate dimer 5-5' diFA [(E,E)-4,4'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dimethoxy-3,3'-bicinnamic acid]. Direct saponification of the cell walls without enzyme treatment released the following five identifiable ferulate dimers (in order of abundance): (Z)-beta-(4-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, trans-5-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl) -7-methoxy-2, 3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-carboxylic acid, 5-5' diFA, (E,E)-4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 5'-dimethoxy-beta, 3'-bicinnamic acid, and trans-7-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -6-methoxy-1, 2-dihydronaphthalene-2, 3-dicarboxylic acid. Incubation of the wheat or barley cell walls with xylanase, followed by saponification of the solubilized fraction, yielded 5-5'diFA and, in some cases, certain of the above dimers, depending on the xylanase used. These experiments demonstrate that FAE-III and XYLD specifically release only esters of 5-5'diFA from either xylanase-treated or insoluble fractions of cell walls, even though other esterified dimers were solubilized by preincubation with xylanase. It is also concluded that the esterified dimer content of the xylanase-solubilized fraction depends on the source of the xylanase.
Association of Common Type 2 Diabetes Risk Gene Variants and Posttransplantation Diabetes Mellitus in Renal Allograft Recipients in Korea

Background. Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a major metabolic complication in renal transplant recipients. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified several genes associated with type 2 diabetes. Here, we examined the association between PTDM and 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within 15 genes in a cohort of renal allograft recipients in Korea. Materials and Methods. A total of 589 patients who received kidney transplants between 1989 and 2007, without a history of diabetes and had a pretransplant fasting glucose less than 5.5 mmol/L were included in this study. We analyzed the association between the PTDM development and the following SNPs: TCF7L2 rs7903146, SLC30A8 rs13266634, HHEX (rs1111875, rs7923837, and rs5015480), CDKAL1 rs10946398, CDKN2A/B rs10811661, IGF2BP2 rs4402960, FTO rs8050136, WFS1 rs734312, JAZF1 rs864745, CDC123/CAMK1D rs12779790, TSPAN8 rs7961581, THADA rs7578597, ADAMTS9 rs4607103, NOTCH2 rs1092391, and KCNQ1 rs2237892. Results. Eight SNPs in six genes were significantly associated with the PTDM development: TCF7L2 rs7903146 (odds ratio [OR]=2.20, P =0.016), SLC30A8 rs13266634 (OR=1.52, P =0.003), HHEX rs1111875 (OR=1.47, P =0.007), HHEX rs7923837 (OR=2.32, P =0.014), HHEX rs5015480 (OR=1.59, P =0.003), CDKAL1 rs10946398 (OR=1.43, P =0.008), CDKN2A/B rs10811661 (OR=1.33, P =0.039), and KCNQ1 rs2237892 (OR=1.46, P =0.009). Conclusions. These data suggest that genetic variations in TCF7L2, SLC30A8, HHEX, CDKAL1, CDKN2A/B, and KCNQ1 are associated with PTDM in Korea.
Immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis of N‐cadherin expression during CNS development

The expression of the calcium‐dependent adhesion molecule N‐cadherin during chick embryo central nervous system (CNS) development was examined by immunohistochemistry and electrophoresis and immunoblotting. During histogenesis, N‐cadherin is expressed at high levels in a uniform fashion in many regions of the CNS. However, during later stages of development, expression becomes restricted to the ependymal cells lining the ventricular system and in the choroid plexus. This down‐regulation was confirmed by both immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques. The program of expression lags behind in the cerebellum in concert with the delayed development of this region of the brain. A high level of N‐cadherin was found to be expressed in the brainstem and spinal cord floorplate, while a low level was detected at the optic nerve head. The results indicate that while, in general, the program of N‐cadherin expression is similar in the retina and the brain, certain structures unique to the eye and brain express locally high or low levels of this adhesion protein. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pore‐scale modeling and upscaling of nonaqueous phase liquid mass transfer

A pore‐scale model is developed to simulate mass transfer between two fluid phases in a porous medium. The approach uses a network description of the pore space and builds on explicit tracking of the fluid‐fluid interfaces in the pore network. Mass transfer is computed as local mass fluxes across each interface, and transport equations are solved in the pore network by a characteristic method. The concept of stagnant‐layer diffusion is used to describe the interface mass transfer, where calculated local concentrations control the rates of mass transfer. The model results predict dissolution fronts developed in column experiments of porous media initially at residual nonaqueous phase saturation. The definition of macroscopic mass transfer coefficients is investigated, and comparisons are made for rigorously upscaled quantities.
Localization of Clinical Syndromes Using DWI: Two Examples of the “Capsular” Warning Syndrome

The capsular warning syndrome (CWS) is a subtype of transient ischemic attack characterized by its recurrent nature, absence of cortical signs, and high probability of early capsular stroke. Currently, standard imaging techniques have identified only internal capsule lesions in this entity. The authors present 2 cases with an otherwise typical CWS in whom a brainstem stroke was detected by diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI). DWI's ability to differentiate between acute and chronic infarcts may assist in more accurate localization of clinical syndromes.
In vitro antibacterial activity of ME1207, a new oral cephalosporin

ME1207 is the prodrug of ME1206. Its in vitro antibacterial activity was compared with that of cefteram, cefpodoxime, cefixime, and cefaclor against various clinical isolates. ME1206 was more active than the other cephems tested against staphylococci, streptococci, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas cepacia, and Flavobacterium meningosepticum and had the most potent activity against Haemophilus influenzae and Neiserria gonorrhoeae. The drug also showed a wide spectrum of activity against other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, except methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Xanthomonas maltophilia, and Alcaligenes xylosoxydans.
Actinophytocola gilvus sp. nov., isolated from desert soil crusts, and emended description of the genus Actinophytocola Indananda et al. 2010.

An actinomycete strain, designated I12A-02593(T), was isolated from a desert soil crust sample collected in the Shapotou region of Tengger Desert, north-west China. The isolate grew well on International Streptomyces Project (ISP) media 2, 3, 5 and 7, YS and Bennett's agar; it produced spherical bodies and formed clumps on the aerial mycelia on ISP 5 agar plates. Chemotaxonomically, the strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars in whole-cell hydrolysates, MK-9(H4) as the sole isoprenoid quinone, and iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 1 H as the major cellular fatty acids, without mycolic acids. The profile of the phospholipids mainly comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine. The genomic DNA G+C content was 70.1 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain I12A-02593(T) exhibited 96.4-97.4 % similarities with members of the genus Actinophytocola. In the phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, the isolate formed a robust cluster with Actinophytocola oryzae NBRC 105245(T), Aactinophytocola timorensis NBRC 105524(T), Actinophytocola corallina NBRC 105525(T), Actinophytocola burenkhanensis NBRC 105883(T)and Actinophytocola xinjiangensis NBRC 106673(T). DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain I12A-02593(T) and the five species of the genus Actinophytocola were all less than 70 %. On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomy evidence, a novel species of the genus Actinophytocola is proposed, with the name Actinophytocola gilvus sp. nov. The type strain is I12A-02593(T) ( = CPCC 203543(T) = DSM 45828(T) = NBRC 109453(T) = KCTC 29165(T)). An emended description of the genus Actinophytocola is also provided.
Breakdown of CF3I gas and its mixtures under lightning impulse in coaxial-gil geometry

SF<sub>6</sub> is widely used in modern transmission and distribution networks because of its outstanding dual qualities: arc quenching and dielectric insulation. As a gas medium, SF<sub>6</sub> is chemically inert, non-toxic, and non-flammable, which makes possible the construction of compact SF<sub>6</sub> switchgear. One major known disadvantage of the gas is that it has a global warming potential which is 23,900 times higher than CO<sub>2</sub>. This has led to research into alternative gases with a much lower environmental impact, and one of the emerging candidates is CF<sub>3</sub>I. The high boiling temperature of CF<sub>3</sub>I means that it has to be used as part of a mixture inside gas-insulated equipment. To carry out the investigation on CF<sub>3</sub>I, a scaled-down coaxial system that replicates the maximum electric field of a 400 kV GIL system was designed and fabricated. The insulation performances of CF3I/CO<sub>2</sub> and CF<sub>3</sub>I/N<sub>2</sub> gas mixtures were then examined by measuring the 50% breakdown voltage, U<sub>50</sub>, using a standard lightning impulse waveform (1.2/50) under absolute pressures of 1 to 4 bar. The experimental results show that CF<sub>3</sub>I gas mixtures have promising potential as an insulation medium for application in gasinsulated lines.
Opposing actions of cGMP and calcium on the conductance of the F(0) subunit c pore.

Subunit c of ATP synthase can be purified from neuronal plasma membrane and from the inner mitochondrial membrane. In the latter location the hydrophobic 75 amino acid protein is one component of the F(1) F(0) ATP synthase complex but in the former it is alone as a pore that is capable of generating spontaneous electrical oscillations. Pure mammalian subunit c when reconstituted in lipid bilayers and voltage clamped, yields a voltage sensitive pore that conducts a cation current regulated by calcium. The current is here found to be activated by cGMP with a K(M) ranging from 14 nM to 19 microM depending on calcium and temperature. It is sensitively inhibited by a number of ligands. The K(I) for calcium ranges from 100 nM to 100 microM depending on cGMP and temperature. DCCD inhibits with a K(app) of 100 nM. The polyamine nicotine inhibits at 84 nM. The pore has properties that would allow it to deliver sodium or calcium through the cell membrane in a controlled manner while maintaining membrane polarization.