Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘I Create Therefore I Virtually Exist’: Digital Content Creation, Virtual Consumption, and Motivation in Second Life

User-generated content (UGC) has been receiving increasing attention given its spread throughout digital media platforms and applications. Previous research focusing on Web 2.0 based platforms highlighted linkages with personal characteristics, user attitudes, and social as well as individual motivators. Interestingly, UGC has not been addressed on other platforms such as 3D virtual worlds, and the purpose of the current study is to fill this gap in the literature. More specifically, we explore virtual content creation within the particular 3D virtual world of Second Life, via comparing key demographic, usage and motivational attributes of creator versus non-creator residents. Results revealed differential patterns as a function of age, gender and usage. Digital content creators were also more likely to purchase goods reflecting stability, expand greater financial resources on the Second Life Marketplace, and while acknowledging greater difficulty in ease of use, reported higher esteem and self-actualization. Implications for scholars and practitioners are discussed.
RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER WITH POLYMER-COATED UREA IN A CORN CROP

The use of nitrogenous fertilizer coated by polymers may reduce losses caused by volatilization, thus exposing this element to plants for a longer period of time. The objective of this work was to evaluate the residual effects of nitrogen in the form of conventional urea and urea coated by polymers in the production components and grain productivity of the first and second corn crops. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria MS in a clay-type Oxisol during the corn crops of 2011/12 and 2012. The experiment was arranged as a randomized block design with four replications, with a factorial 4 x 4 treatment arrangement as follows: 4 doses of N (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha) and 4 forms of urea (conventional urea and urea coated by three different polymers). Treatments were applied at the time of corn sowing in the first season (2010/11) and second season (2011). The residual effects of nitrogen fertilization in the corn grown in the first crop season (2011/12) and the second crop season (2012) were then assessed. The polymer-coated urea did not differ compared to the conventional urea.
Decision Making with Information Search Constraints: A Process Tracing Study

The present study examined the influence of information search constraints both on the information search pattern and on the perceived inner states during the decision making process. We arranged the following three information search constraints conditions: (1) An upper-limited-search (UL) condition in which a decision maker could not examine the same piece of information for the decision task more than once, (2) A lower-limited-search (LL) condition in which a decision maker had to examine every piece of information for the decision task more than once, and (3) A non-limited-search (NL) condition in which a decision maker could examine any number of information. Participants consisted of 76 female and male university students, which were randomly assigned into one out of three conditions. In line with the simplifying and the mobilizing hypotheses, the participants in the UL condition more often used non-compensatory simplifying decision strategies and more slowly checked for information than participants in the LL and NL conditions.
Antimalarial activity of selected Malaysian medicinal plants

Treatment of malaria infection has becoming extremely challenging due to widespread resistance of the parasite towards available antimalarial drugs. In the present study, we investigated the antimalarial activity of five local Malaysian me-dicinal plants species incuding Eurycoma longifolia, Andrographis paniculata, Alyxia lucida, Ardisia Crispa and Orthosiphon Stamineus. Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in ICR mice was used as model for malaria infection. Malaria was initiated by inoculation of mice with 2 x 10 7 parasitized red blood cells and treatment with various concentrations of the plant extracts was carried out once daily in a 4-day suppressive test against parasitaemia development. Results showed that Eurycoma longifolia, Andrographis paniculata and Ardisia Crispa exhibited considerable antimalarial activity, whereas Alyxia lucida only showed a weak activity and Orthosiphon stamineus did not show any antimalarial activity.
The Effect of Income Inequality on Corruption in Selected Countries (1995-2007)

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of income inequality on corruption according to the country's economic freedom. Our study advances the existing literature through the countries classification and makes it possible to compare results among the groups. To reach this goal we classify the countries according to their average of economic freedom in four groups (free, mostly free, mostly unfree and unfree countries). Moreover, we enter some variables in our model to eliminate the omitted variable biased. Data for unfree countries was not complete, so we put this group out of the study. The results show that the decrease in income inequality for free and mostly free countries causes corruption decrease, but for mostly unfree countries it causes corruption get worse because of the economic–social-administrative structure of these countries. In mostly unfree countries, first they should implement structural reforms after that, they can use the income equality policies to reduce the corruption.
Using microsatellite markers to analyze genetic diversity in 14 sheep types in Iran

Abstract. Investigation of genetic relationship among populations has been traditionally based on the analysis of allele frequencies at different loci. The prime objective of this research was to measure the genetic polymorphism of five microsatellite markers (McMA2, BM6444, McMA26, HSC, and OarHH35) and study genetic diversity of 14 sheep types in Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of 565 individuals using an optimized salting-out DNA extraction procedure. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was successfully performed with the specific primers. Some locus–population combinations were not at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0. 05). The microsatellite analysis revealed high allelic and gene diversity in all 14 breeds. Pakistani and Arabi breeds showed the highest mean number of alleles (11.8 and 11 respectively), while the highest value for polymorphic information content was observed for the Arabi breed (0.88). A UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) dendrogram based on the Nei's standard genetic distance among studied breeds showed a separate cluster for Arabi and Pakistani breeds and another cluster for other breeds. The Shannon index (H0) for McMA2, BM6444, McMA26, HSC, and OarHH35 was 2.31, 2.17, 2.27, 2.04 and 2.18, respectively, and polymorphic information content (PIC) values were 0.88, 0.92, 0.87, 0.84, and 0.86 for McMA2, BM6444, McMA26, HSC, and OarHH35, respectively. The high degree of variability demonstrated within the studied sheep types implies that these populations are rich reservoirs of genetic diversity that must be preserved.
The Effectiveness of Negotiation Skills Training In Resolving Marital Conflicts among Selected Christian Literate Couples in Lagos Metropolis

This study investigated the effectiveness of negotiation skills training in resolving marital conflicts among selected Christian literate couples in Lagos metropolis. The study adopted a pre "“test, post-test quasi experimental design. The sample consisted of 120 literate Christian couples. 60 couples each were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups respectively. The participants were given a pre-test self "“ designed questionnaire titled "Spousal Conflict Resolution Pattern Questionnaire" (SCRPQ). The experimental group was lectured for a period of four weeks on negotiation skills after which the post "“ test was carried out. The hypotheses were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Results of the hypotheses indicated that there was a significant mean difference between the experimental group and control group. It also showed that gender and length of marriage do not have any significant influence on spousal conflict resolution pattern. Based on the findings, the researchers recommended that counsellors and couples should be given extra training on communication, negotiation skills and cohabitation related skills that will enhance marital stability. This could be done through seminars and workshops on marriage counselling so as to enable them function maximally in marriage counselling among others.
Negative selectivity of Europe’s guest-worker immigration?

The aim of this paper is to empirically test the negative selectivity hypothesis as an explanation of the lower educational achievements of Turkish immigrant pupils. We do this by comparing educational achievement Turkish immigrant pupils in various European countries with the educational achievement of Turks at home, using the PISA 2006 data. Our analysis supports the thesis that the Turkish immigrants were negatively selected from their native population. The average score of Turkish immigrant pupils is substantially lower than the science score of comparable native pupils in Turkey. However, the result also show that the negative selectivity of Turkish immigrants can not by explained by the ‘guest-workers’ programs, because the largest negative science scores relative to the scores of the native pupils in the country of origin are found among the Italian first and second generation pupils, the Austrian first generation pupils, the French first generation immigrant pupils, and the German second generation pupils. A possible explanation is that all immigrants in Europe have more difficulties in establishing themselves and their children in comparison with immigrants in the traditional immigration countries, like the USA.
Financial Contagion During the European Sovereign Debt Crisis

From early 2010, the Euro Area has faced a severe sovereign debt crisis. I use multi- and univariate EGARCH-models to assess whether contagious effects are identifiable during this crisis, or whether countriesâ€™ problems are instead due to fundamental problems founded in the affected economies themselves. The multivariate analysis reveals a generally decreasing co-movement of government bond returns which increased only temporarily. In contrast, the univariate analysis is directed more to detecting channels of contagion. The analysis of rating announcements concerning Greece as well as crisis news in general, reveals that there are some evidences for mean and volatility contagion.
NO3-N and Metolachlor Concentrations in the Soil Water as Affected by Water Table Depth

Experiments were conducted in lysimeters to study the effect of shallow water table (WT) depths on the transport of two commonly used agricultural chemicals, nitrate-N and metolachlor, to shallow groundwater. Groundwater samples were collected from 0.20-, 0.40-, and 0.60-m depths using suction tubes during the growing season. The results showed significant reductions in both nitrate-N and metolachlor concentrations in the groundwater by maintaining shallow WT depths. Lowest concentrations of nitrate-N and metolachlor in the groundwater were observed when WT were maintained at 0.15-m depth. Generally, nitrate-N concentrations were increased with the soil depth while metolachlor concentrations decreased with the sampling depth during the growing season. Analysis of drainage outflow data at the end of WT treatment period also provided the evidence of the effectiveness of shallow WTs in reducing chemicals losses to shallow groundwater systems. The results of this study indicated that nitrate-N and metolachlor concentrations in the drainage outflow were 54 and 45%, respectively, lower for the 0.15-m WT treatment than the 0.60-m WT treatment. Regression analysis showed a strong negative linear relationship between metolachlor concentration and days after planting (DAP). Soybean yield was significantly reduced with the rise in WT depth. Average soybean yield obtained for the 0.15-m WT depth was 42% lower than the 0.60-m WT depth. It can be concluded from the overall results of this study that shallow WTs can be used effectively to reduce the nitrate-N and metolachlor losses to the shallow groundwater.
Effect of visual marbling levels in pork loins on meat quality and Thai consumer acceptance and purchase intent

Objective We investigated visual marbling level (VML) influence on pork loin physicochemical traits, consumer palatability responses, VML liking, purchase intent, and their relationships. Methods For each of five slaughtering dates, at 24-h postmortem, nine paired Duroc castrated male boneless Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles were categorized into low (LM, score 1 to 2, n = 3), medium (MM, score 3 to 4, n = 3), and high (HM, score 5 to 6, n = 3) VML. Meat physicochemical quality traits and consumer responses (n = 389) on palatability and VML liking, and purchase intent were evaluated. The experiment was in randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance, Duncan’s multiple mean comparisons, and correlation coefficients were determined. Results VML correspond to crude fat (r = 0.91, p<0.01), but both were reversely related to moisture content (r = −0.75 and −0.91, p<0.01, respectively). As VML increased, ash (p<0.05) and protein (p = 0.072) decreased, pH and b* increased (p<0.05), but drip, cooking (p<0.05) and thawing (p = 0.088) losses decreased. Among treatments, muscle fiber diameter, sarcomere length, total and insoluble collagen contents, L*, and a* did not differ (p>0.05). Compared to the others, HM had lower collagen solubility percentage (p<0.05), but similar (p>0.05) Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). No differences (p>0.05) were found in juiciness, overall flavor, oiliness, and overall acceptability, but HM was more tender (p<0.05) than the others. Based on VML, consumers preferred MM to HM (p<0.05), while LM was similar to MM and HM (p>0.05). Corresponding to VML preference (r = 0.45, p<0.01), consumers (83%) would (p<0.01) definitely and probably buy MM, over LM (74%), and HM (68%), respectively. Conclusion Increasing VML in pork LD altered its chemical composition, slightly increased pH, and improved water holding capacity, thereby improving its tenderness acceptability. Marbling might reduce chewing resistance, as lower collagen solubility in HM did not impact tenderness acceptability and WBSF. While HM was rated as most tender, consumers visually preferred and would purchase MM.
Movements and survival of Lesser Snow Geese Chen caerulescens caerulescens wintering in two habitats along the Gulf Coast, Louisiana

Lesser Snow Geese Chen caerulescens caerulescens (hereafter Snow Geese) use two wintering habitats in southwest Louisiana. Snow Geese in coastal marshes generally have larger bodies and proportionally thicker bills, longer skulls and longer culmen lengths than do those in adjacent rice-prairies. An important question is whether or not these morphs are sub-populations that segregate during winter. Using a markresightings analysis of observations of neck-collared birds, annual apparent survival (Φ) and movement probabilities (Ψ) of Snow Geese were compared between habitats during winters 2001/02–2003/04. The analysis tested the hypothesis of Alisauskas (1998), based on his data collected in winter 1983/84, that larger bill size would increase Φ and decrease Ψ in coastal marshes. Specific predictions were that: 1) largerbilled Snow Geese would be relatively more likely to move from rice-prairies to coastal marshes, or have higher Φ within coastal marshes; and 2) smaller-billed Snow Geese would be relatively more likely to move from coastal marshes to rice-prairies, or have lower Φ within coastal marshes. Estimated annual Φ (± s.e.) was 0.601 ± 0.082, independent of both habitat and time interval. A body size covariate, used to index the morphs, did not improve model fit, indicating that Φ was unrelated to body size after accounting for habitat effects. Estimates of Ψ differed widely between intervals (November–December inclusive, versus the rest of the year) and habitats; they averaged 0.18 (range: 0.00–0.56) for birds moving from rice-prairies to coastal marshes and 0.57 (0.00–0.98) on moving from coastal marshes to rice-prairies. Movements of marked individuals were frequent from marshes to rice-prairies, and Ψ was independent of body size. However, movement probabilities were dependent on
Chemical composition of essential oils from Annona vepretorum Mart. and Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae) leaves and their antimalarial and trypanocidal activities

Here, we describe the trypanocidal and antimalarial activities from essential oils extracted from Annona vepretorum (AVOE) and Annona squamosa (ASOE) (Annonaceae) leaves. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and GC–flame ionization detection (GC–FID). A total of twenty-one compounds were identified in AVOE and twenty-three in ASOE. The sesquiterpenes are more abundant in the both essential oils. ASOE contained significant quantities of (E)-caryophyllene (27.4%), germacrene D (17.1%) and bicyclogermacrene (10.8%). The major compounds in AVOE were bicyclogermacrene (39.0%), spathulenol (14.0%) and α-phellandrene (11.5%). The essential oils demonstrated potent trypanocidal and antimalarial activities with values of ic50 lower than 20 μg/mL, and a strong inhibition of the proliferation of amastigotes, the clinically relevant forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. In addition, through ultrastructural studies and flow cytometry analysis with trypomastigotes of T. cruzi, we identified significant ultrastructural alterations induced by the essential oils, especially in the cell membrane and mitochondria, which ultimately results in necrotic parasite death.
Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of the Double Gyroid Phase in Unoriented Thermoplastic Elastomers

The mechanical properties of the double gyroid (DG) cubic phase in glassy−rubbery block copolymer systems are examined. The stress−strain properties of an isoprene-rich polystyrene/polyisoprene/polystyrene (SIS) triblock and a polystyrene/polyisoprene (SI) starblock DG, both comprised of two separate interpenetrating glassy networks embedded in rubbery matrices, are compared to those of the sphere, cylinder, and lamellar morphologies. This 3-dimensionally interpenetrating periodic nanocomposite is found to have superior properties over those of its classical counterparts, attributable to the morphology rather than to the volume fraction of the glassy component, the architecture of the molecule, or the molecular weight. The DG is the only polygranular/isotropic thermoplastic elastomer morphology which exhibits necking and drawing and which requires considerably higher stresses for deformation up to 200% strain than any of the three classical microdomain morphologies. The deformation behavior of the DG is f.
The Effect of Oil Consumption on Economic Growth in Turkey

Bu calismada 1974-2014 donemi yillik verilerle Turkiye ekonomisi icin ekonomik buyume ile petrol tuketimi arasindaki iliskiler kisa donem nedensellik testleri, uzun donem Engle-Granger ve Gregory-Hansen esbutunlesme yontemleri ile incelenmistir. Ampirik sonuclar degiskenler arasinda uzun donemde esbutunlesme iliskisinin olmadigini, ancak UVAR, TYVAR ve Hsiao’nun Granger nedensellik testleri kisa donemde petrol tuketiminden ekonomik buyumeye dogru pozitif, tek yonlu bir nedenselligin oldugunu, petrol tuketimi arttikca buyume hizinin arttigini gostermektedir.
CORRELATION OF CONCEPT OF AMA AND FREE RADICAL THEORY

Majority of the endogenous disease begins with the formation of Ama in the body. It has tremendous capacity to vitiate the Doshas and disturbing the homeostasis (Dhatu-samya). Ama is the resultant of improper digestion or partially digestion of the food particle due to hypofunction of Jatharagni and also due to accumulation of mala in the body and also considered as Prathamdoshadusti . It may be considered as partially or incompletely metabolized Dhatu in case of Dhatvagnimandya. In modern parameters, Ama is supposed to be deadly Free radical. Free radical is an atom/molecule that contains one or more unpaired electron, which requires neutralization by free radical scavengers. Ama is not a single entity but is a generalized term, which can be applied to many malformed substances in the body. This Ama is responsible for the production of various diseases. In the same way, free radicals are also found to be the root cause of many diseases. Here we discuss about properties and qualities in both entities, which are similar and dissimilar, also whether free radicals can be considered under Ama. The present article attempts to correlate the most recent concept of todayâ€™s i. e. free radical concept with that of the concept of Ama , described in research for remedies from Ayurvedic research, which may be helpful in the presentation and care of free radicals mediated disease. Â
Development and verification of a coefficient of permeability function for a deformable unsaturated soil

The modelling of flow through saturated/unsaturated soils has become routine in geotechnical and geo-environmental engineering. The analysis requires that the coefficient of permeability for an unsaturated soil be defined. The coefficient of permeability can be estimated based on currently available procedures. However, each procedure has limitations and consequently cares should be taken in the selection of a proper procedure. The coefficient of permeability of a saturated soil is a function of void ratio. The coefficient of permeability of an unsaturated soil of constant volume, is a function of the degree of saturation. However, soil is deformable and both the degree of saturation and the void-ratio influence the coefficient of permeability of a compressible, unsaturated soil. In this paper, the literature pertaining to the coefficient of permeability function for an unsaturated soil of constant volume and the coefficient of permeability for a deformable saturated soil are reviewed. A new coefficient o.
Tensor products of spectra and localizations

1) The tensor product of two spectra, different from the A-product, is introduced in such a way that a Kiinneth theorem holds. 2) Localizations of spectra are treated by using the more algebraic category of chain functors (instead of the category of CW-spectra). 3) The localization of a given chain functor K* can up to chain homotopy be expressed by tensoring K* with the localization of a fixed chain functor Z*.
Simplified Flexible Model of Human Heart Atria

It is known that origin of atrial activation has impact on ECG signals. We developed a simple computer model of heart atria that allows changing the geometry of atria and location of the sino-atrial (SA) node and conduction pathways. We used it to study the impact of the location of the SA node within the atria on the ECG signals. Although the developed model was quite simple, we were able to reproduce the natural variability in body surface potential maps observed in healthy young adults.
An Interacting Agents Model Approach to Stock Market Crashes

The aim of this study is to understand the role of herd behaviour on stock market crashes. A model of interacting agents in a market, buying and selling a single financial asset is studied. Agents give their decisions to buy or sell according to a combination of neighbourhood influence, public news and personal judgements. Assuming public news gets worse progressively, the evolution of the agents’ average opinion (based on their decisions) is investigated in the presence of weak and strong neighbourhood influence. Model also suggests a criteria for the existance of herd behaviour under such an assumption. Applying this criteria to the empirical data, evidence of herd behaviour is found in US stock market crash during 2008 financial crisis.