Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mental toughness: what is it and how to build it

Mental toughness is a term that has been long talked about but often misunderstood. Fortunately, in the past 12 years, researchers have begun to study this phenomenon. Although there are differences among researchers, mental toughness appears to contain four critical attributes including motivation, coping with pressure, concentration, and confidence. In terms of developing mental toughness, one way to approach its development is to consider that it is sometimes taught and sometimes caught. Teaching mental toughness involves a deliberate attempt to train specific mental skills (e.g., goal setting, relaxation, focus) whereas sometimes mental toughness is simply caught due to environmental influences (e.g, having a sibling how was older but pushed you to be more competitive and to continually strive to improve). The paper concludes with some suggestions for future research including focusing on the early development of mental toughness as well as developing interventions to test the effectiveness of mental toughness training.
Seasonality of spectral albedo and transmittance as observed in the Arctic Transpolar Drift in 2007

[1] The first continuous and high temporal resolution record of spectral albedo and transmittance of snow and sea ice in the Arctic Ocean over an entire summer season is presented. Measurements were performed at a manned station on multiyear sea ice in the Transpolar Drift during the drift of the schooner Tara from April to September 2007. Concurrent autonomous measurements of ice mass balance and weekly observations of snow and sea-ice properties complement the data set. The seasonality of physical and biological processes of snow and sea ice is characterized, including quantification of melt onset (10 June), melt season duration, and freeze onset (15 August). Over one year, approximately two thirds of the transmitted energy reached the ocean during the 66-day-long melt season. During the second half of July, transmitted irradiance decreased by 90% and absorption in and directly under the ice increased, significantly affecting the vertical partitioning of irradiance. The spectral radiation time series suggests that high biomass abundance in or below the sea ice caused this decrease. Comparing the spectral data set with broadband albedo data measured at the same location shows that 90% of the temporal variability of broadband albedo can be explained by variability in spectral albedo integrated over the limited wavelength range. The combination of spectral radiation and ice mass balance measurements allows a comprehensive description, and quantification, of snow and sea-ice processes, even with minimal additional in situ observations, suggesting such data sets can be collected autonomously to provide insight into the physical and biological processes on sea ice.
The Invisible Hand of the Government: 'Moral Suasion' During the European Sovereign Debt Crisis

Sovereign debt crisis, domestic banks in fiscally stressed countries were considerably more likely than foreign banks to increase their holdings of domestic sovereign bonds in months with relatively high domestic sovereign bond issuance. This effect is stronger for state‐owned banks and for banks with low initial holdings of domestic sovereign bonds, and it is not fueled by Central Bank liquidity provision. Our results point to a “moral suasion” mechanism, and cannot be explained by concurrent risk‐shifting, carry‐trading, regulatory compliance, or shocks to investment opportunities.
The Intertwining of financialisation and financial instability

This paper aims to quantify the link between financialisation and financial instability, controlling for the financial and macroeconomic environment. Our main identification assumption is to represent these two concepts as a system of simultaneous joint data generating processes whose error terms are correlated. Based on panel data for EU countries from 1998, we test the null hypotheses that financialisation positively affects financial instability -a vulnerability effect- and that financial instability has a negative effect on financialisation -a trauma effect-, using Seemingly Unrelated Regressions and 3SLS. We find a positive causal effect of credit/GDP on non-performing loans - a vulnerability effect- in the EU as a whole, in the Eurozone, in the core of the EU but not at its periphery, and a negative effect of non-performing loans on credit/GDP - a trauma effect - in all samples. Even when relaxing our identification assumption, both opposite effects hold.
Vietnamese Domestic Tourism: An Investigation of Travel Motivations

This article approaches domestic tourism in Vietnam from a native Asian perspective aiming to examine Vietnamese domestic travel motivations. This quantitative study is based on a self-administered questionnaire to survey 230 Vietnamese domestic travellers. Results highlight the significant roles of the employer sponsoring the trip, family, travel promotion, and favourable weather in determining travel, in addition to their motivations to seek time for leisure and recreation. Moreover, the study detected a perception gap between the tourist’s demand and the travel agent’s supply. The behaviour of Vietnamese domestic travellers refl ects the characteristics of a transition economy and reveals certain aspects which are also peculiar to other Asian countries.
A global model study of processes controlling aerosol size distributions in the Arctic spring and summer

[1] We use a global chemical transport model (CTM) with size-resolved aerosol microphysics to evaluate our understanding of the processes that control Arctic aerosol, focussing on the seasonal changes in the particle size distribution during the transition from Arctic haze in spring to cleaner conditions in summer. This period presents several challenges for a global model simulation because of changes in meteorology, which affect transport pathways and precipitation scavenging rates, changes in the ocean-atmosphere flux of trace gases and particulates associated with sea ice break-up and increased biological activity, and changes in photolysis and oxidation rates which can affect particle nucleation and growth rates. Observations show that these changes result in a transition from an accumulation mode-dominated aerosol in spring to one dominated by Aitken and nucleation mode particles in summer. We find that remote Arctic aerosol size distribution is very sensitive to the model treatment of wet removal. In order to simulate the high accumulation mode concentrations typical of winter and spring it was necessary to substantially reduce the scavenging of these particles during transport. The resulting increases in accumulation mode lead to improvement in the modeled Aitken mode particle concentrations (which fall, due to increased scavenging in the free troposphere) and produce aerosol optical depths in good agreement with observations. The summertime increase in nucleation and Aitken mode particles is consistent with changes in local aerosol nucleation rates driven mainly by increased photochemical production of sulphuric acid vapor and, to a lesser extent, by decreases in the condensation sink as Arctic haze decreases. Alternatively, to explain the observed summertime Aitken mode particle concentrations in terms of ultrafine sea spray particles requires a sea-air flux a factor 5–25greater than predicted by current wind speed and sea surface temperature dependent flux parameterizations. The enhanced total flux is clearly higher than measured in the Arctic and cannot explain the observed nucleation mode in the high Arctic. The model suggests that the summertime source of Aitken particles has very little effect on the accumulation mode and aerosol optical depth but they may contribute to cloud condensation nuclei in clouds with updraught velocities greater than about 15 cm/s. From a global aerosol modeling perspective, our understanding of Arctic aerosol is poor. We suggest several processes that currently limit our ability to simulate this challenging environment.
The Effects of Online Homework on First Year Pre-Service Science Teachers' Learning Achievements of Introductory Organic Chemistry.

This study examined the effects of the introductory organic chemistry online homework on first year pre-service science teachers’ learning achievements. The online homework was created using a web-based Google form in order to enhance the pre-service science teachers’ learning achievements. The steps for constructing online homework were approximately described. The participants were 76 first year pre-service science teachers at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University (SSRU). A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was performed in this study. The research instruments were preand post-tests and online homework relevant to the introductory organic chemistry. The findings unfolded that the pre-service science teachers’ performance significantly improved after the implemented treatment and the online homework was an effective learning aid for improving the achievements of introductory organic chemistry learning. The correlations between online homework score and the various course elements were investigated. The moderate and statistically significant correlations were found between the online homework score of the students and the normalized gain and between the online homework score and their post-test achievements. Hence, the score results of the online homework were considered as a predictor of student test scores. A statistically significant correlation between their achievements in introductory organic chemistry chapter and their overall grades was found. In term of learning behavior, this implied that students’ learning habits improved when they completed their online homework. This study also proposes that introductory organic chemistry is the hardest chapter in this general chemistry course sequence at SSRU.
Impact of the People’s Republic of China’s Slowdown on the Global Economy

Across the world, researchers and business analysts are closely watching the People’s Republic of China (PRC), especially its recent economic slowdown. The Asia and Pacific region is extremely anxious about the PRC’s slowdown, but the rest of the world has a definite reason to worry about the consequences of the slowdown in the world’s secondlargest economy. During the last few decades, the PRC has integrated strongly with Asia and also with the rest of the world. This paper investigates what the impact of the PRC’s slowdown on the global economy is. If there is a crisis in the PRC, how much does it affect developed and emerging or developing economies? Using a panel data model, this paper focuses on these issues. The study considers international linking variables for the period 2000–2012. Evidence based on panel data analysis for six developed countries (G6: the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Canada, and Australia) and four BRICS countries (G4: Brazil, Russian Federation, India, and South Africa) shows that the impact of the PRC’s slowdown is greater on emerging BRICS nations than on developed economies. The impact of the PRC’s GDP growth shock on the rest of emerging Asia is greater since it has a strong production network in East and Southeast Asia. So, the PRC’s slowdown certainly affects Asia more than Western developed economies.
Parents’ Executive Functions, Parenting Styles, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms: A Relational Model

The present study examined the role of mother’s and father’s executive functions (EF), warmth and harsh parenting, and child oppositional defiant disorder symptoms (ODD). A total of 100 families with preschool children participated. The parents answered three questionnaires: the EMBU, the ECI-4 and each parent answered the BRIEF for evaluating their own EF. The analysis was done by testing two structural equation models (SEM). The results showed that both models had an excellent fit and presented a significant path between mother’s EF toward harsh parenting; the second model presented a significant path from harsh parenting to ODD symptoms. Our findings are concluded in light of the importance of addressing parenting interventions to prevent further conduct/disruptive disorders.
A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR BRUCELLOSIS IN BUFFALOES

In the present study, an attempt was made to compare the relative effi cacy of different tests used for diagnosis of brucellosis in buffaloes at the fi eld level. A total of 51 specimens, each of milk and serum from clinically suspected subjects in the fi eld were studied. The true prevalence of brucellosis was 13.72% with apparent prevalence of 33.34% and 17.64% by the milk ring test (MRT) and the Rose Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT), respectively. The overall agreement between RBPT and serum tube agglutination test (STAT) was higher (96.07%) as compared to MRT and STAT (80.89%). Both MRT and RBPT showed 100% sensitivity. Specifi city of RBPT was higher (95.45%) than MRT (77.27%), when compared with STAT. The positive predictive value of MRT and RBPT was 0.412 and 0.778 respectively, with both the tests having negative predictive value of 1 when compared with STAT. The kappa value also revealed that RBPT and STAT had almost perfect agreement (kappa value = 0.852), whereas MRT and STAT (kappa value = 0.493) had substantial agreement.
“Do you have mowing the lawn?” – improvements in word retrieval and grammar following constraint-induced language therapy in primary progressive aphasia

ABSTRACT Background: Much recent progress has been made in developing speech–language therapy in primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Several treatment approaches that have shown significant effects with people with aphasia have been adapted and re-evaluated for PPA. Constraint-induced aphasia therapy (CIAT) is a well-evaluated method that has yielded significant language improvements in people with post-stroke aphasia but has not yet been evaluated with people with PPA. Nevertheless, the combination of CIAT features like massed practice and a motivating communicative setting seem likely to make it a suitable tool for improving the speech and language performance of individuals with PPA as well. Aims: This study investigates the effectiveness of a modified CIAT protocol on word retrieval, grammatical structure and connected speech in two individuals with non-fluent variant PPA (nfvPPA). Methods and procedures: Two participants with nfvPPA took part in a 9-day intensive CIAT-based group therapy with additional computer-based home training. Stimuli were 120 photos of people performing daily life activities, which could be described using a simple (e.g., “The man is mowing the lawn”) or reduced (e.g., “mowing the lawn”) sentence structure. During the treatment phase, the participants were required to request picture cards from other group members using spoken language only. The task difficulty was increased hierarchically (shaped) in accordance to each participant’s performance level. Outcomes and results: Directly after therapy, both participants achieved significant improvements in their noun and verb naming accuracy and their grammatical structure for trained items. Training effects were maintained 2 months after therapy. Moreover, generalisation to different pictures of the same item was found for both participants and one participant also showed improved grammatical structure when describing untrained pictures. No significant generalisation to untrained connected speech samples was observed for either participant. Conclusion: This study illustrates that CIAT can be effective in people with PPA. However, further modifications of CIAT should be considered to facilitate generalisation and in order to determine which aspects of the treatment are most important.
From beliefs to intention: mentoring as an approach to motivate female high school students to enrol in computer science studies

We present the mentoring program make IT which was designed to motivate female high school students to study computer science. The measures of the program address different factors which have been shown to hinder a decision of girls to study a STEM1 subject. First empirical results of a mainly qualitative evaluation of the program show that the program is rather promising. To gain deeper insights in the respective effects of the different components of our program, we developed a questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). In this way, we want to provide a theoretical foundation to the positive evaluation we gained for this project starting in practice. We instantiated the TPB to reveal the impact of make IT on attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control and, in consequence, the impact of these constituents on the intention to enrol in a CS program.
On the dynamics of Görtler vortices over a concave sand bed

x RESUMEN . xi
δ¹³C evidence of the origins and fates of organic carbon in estuarine and near-shore food webs

On utilise les isotopes stables du carbone pour elucider l'origine saisonniere et le sort de diverses sources de carbone organique dans les estuaires du Puget Sound (Washington) et l'on tente de preciser l'importance des sources de carbone autochtone dans les chaines alimentaires d'estuaires ou marines cotieres
Predicting relative toxicity and interactions of divalent metal ions: Microtox® bioluminescence assay

Both relative toxicity and interactions between paired metal ions were predicted with least-squares linear regression and various ion characteristics. Microtox{reg_sign} 15 min EC50s (expressed as free ion) for Ca(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Hg(II), Mg(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) were most effectively modeled with the constant for the first hydrolysis (K{sub H} for M{sup n+} + H{sub 2}O {yields} MOH{sup a{minus}1} + H{sup +}) although other ion characteristics were also significant in regression models. The {vert_bar}log K{sub H}{vert_bar} is correlated with metal ion affinity to intermediate ligands such as many biochemical functional groups with O donor atoms. Further, ordination of metals according to ion characteristics, e.g., {vert_bar}log K{sub H}{vert_bar} facilitated prediction of paired metal interactions. Pairing metals with strong tendencies to complex with intermediate or soft ligands such as those with O or S donor atoms resulted in strong interactions.
Prepregnant reproductive risk and subsequent birth outcome among Scandinavian parous women

SUMMARY This study examined the impact of maternal prepregnant stature, smoking, and past reproductive characteristics on gestational length, birthweight, weight-for-gestation, and crown heel length. Analyses were based on 5722 para one and two Caucasian women in Trondheim and Bergen (Norway) and Uppsala (Sweden) who had a singleton pregnancy and who were interviewed before 20 completed weeks of gestation. Data included information about previous induced and spontaneous abortions, prepregnant weight and height, smoking, course and outcome of previous pregnancies with special reference to preterm and low birthweight (LBW) births, and perinatal deaths. Number of adverse outcome predictors was counted for each woman and birth outcomes were analysed by that number. Separate univariate and multivariate analyses examined the impact of the individual risk characteristics. Mean birthweight, crown heel length, and gestational length were significantly related to number of prepregnant risk characteristics with a dose response decrease from 3750 g, 51.2 cm, and 39.6 weeks to 2955 g, 47.7 cm, and 37.7 weeks for women with zero and six risk factors, respectively. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that prepregnant weight, a previous LBW birth, and cigarette smoking around conception were the strongest birthweight predictors with a mean BW reduction of 424 g (95% CI 373, 475 g) and 130 g (95% CI 112, 157 g) for a previous LBW birth and 10 cigarettes per day, respectively. As 88% of birthweight variation was left unexplained by these prepregnancy characteristics, it may be concluded that the major risk factors are either unknown or that main predictors of birthweight, such as life style factors, exert their effect during gestation, or both.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF GROUND SHAKING IN CHARACTERISTIC EARTHQUAKES ON THE WELLINGTON AND ALPINE FAULTS, NEW ZEALAND, ESTIMATED FROM A DISTRIBUTED-SOURCE MODEL

SUMMARY A distributed-source model, recently developed by the authors, was used to study the spatial distribution of Modified Mercalli (MM) intensities and peak ground accelerations (PGA) in characteristic earthquakes, of Mw7.5 and 8.1 respectively, on the 75 km long Wellington fault and the 413 km long Alpine fault. In each event the predicted intensities reach MM10 and the PGAs reach 0.8g near the fault trace over much of its length, varying along it depending on the location of asperities. PGAs are related to MM intensity using a quadratic expression derived using New Zealand data. Comparisons are made between the PGA patterns estimated indirectly from the distributed-source MM intensity model and those estimated directly from a PGA model, which defines site-source distance as the shortest distance from the site to the fault. There are many similarities and some differences, the latter being attributable largely to the different methods of measuring site-to-source distances. Finally selected seismic risk issues for people and the built environment, including lifelines, are considered for Alpine fault earthquakes.
USING SSR MARKER TO IDENTIFY ALLELE VARIATION OF SOMACLONAL MUTANTS IN INDICA RICE

Using microsatellite markers to identify allele variation of somaclonal mutant to detect mutants from callus in tissue culture and expected the mutant ratios of allele in this population. Tissue culture technique can detect mutants from somatic embryos. The changing of phenotypic mutant lines of OM1490 was not different from each other on statistical signification. On the contrary, genotypic mutants were significantly changed about DNA sequence under using SSR marker due to PCR technique to amplify simple sequence motif repeats, which were separated on PGE gel. The allelic variation of OM1490 mutants were computed at 19.53% as compared to their parents. Among of mutants, line 19 was the most different from its parents and 30.9% alleles changed through tissue culture.
Constitutive Equations of Yield Stress Sensitivity to Strain Rate of Metals: A Comparative Study

Several constitutive equations have proposed to model the strain rate sensitivity of metals to strain rate. This paper presents a comparative of six equations reported in the open literature. All equations are used to fit the yield stress of three copper materials and one steel material at two different temperatures. A specific cost function and an optimization problem are defined. The authors recommend the use of the Cowper-Symonds equation or a modified-Eyring equation as both of them fit well the experimental data while using only three material constants. A modified flow stress Johnson-Cook equation is then proposed for metallic materials.
Political globalization and the shift from adult education to lifelong learning

This article reflects on the shift in vocabulary from (adult and continuing) education to (lifelong) learning and the ideological and purposive orientations it carries. It does so by critically addressing the changes occurred in policy discourses concerned with the education of adults after WWII at transnational level. The main argument is that the shift in vocabulary has been favoured by an increased voice acquired by transnational and inter-states entities (i.e. OECD, UNESCO, EU) in educational matters, however in combination with a change in political emphasis, at least within the European Union, from creating jobs opportunities towards securing that citizens acquire marketable skills. While both trends seems to point at the demise of the nation state as a guarantor for social justice, more research is needed to deepen our understandings of the interplay between transnational and nation-state levels; thus the article concludes by suggesting a research agenda to move in this direction.