Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Variations of Microbial Populationsduring Composting Processes of MunicipalSolid Wastes

This study investigates the prevailing seasonal changes of physico-chemical and microbial community for mesophilic bacteria and fungi at different degradations stages of municipal solid wastes. The samples were collected from Excel plant (Vidyaranyapuram, Mysore) in different depths of pile during summer, rainy and autumn seasons in the year of 2011 to 2012 at once in 10 days intervals up to 60 days. Temperature and pH were measured by using standard method. The microbial analysis was done by serial dilution method and bacterial growth Nutrient agar (NA) and Czapek Dox Agar (CDA) for fungi enumeration. The pure cultures of the bacterial isolates were subjected to various morphological and biochemical characterization tests like, Catalase Test (CAT), Oxidase Test (OXT), Indole Test (INT), Methyl Red Test (MRT), Voges-Proskauer Test (VPT), Citrate Utilization Test (CUT), Urease Test (URT), Nitrate Reduction Test (NRT), Hydrogen Sulphide Production (H2S), Starch Hydrolysis Test (SHT) and Gelatine Hydrolysis Test (GHT) to determine the identity of the bacteria isolates. The results reveal that, the temperature of the windrows in all seasons reached maximum after 4 weeks of composting and then decreased by the end of the composting period (60 days). Marked changes in pH values of the composts in all seasons during degradation stages were found, but final stages shows the pH was at neutral except rainy season (60 days old compost sample with 8.7). The microbial populations were significant increase during initial stages of composting process and final stages pathogenic microbes was reduced, for all the three seasons. The Bacillus Sp. , Pseudomonas and Asprigillus Sp. , was dominate species during composting process. From the present investigation, it can be concluded that, the summer and autumn seasons microbial activities faster because the favourable environmental conditions for supporting the proper wastes degradation, therefore, these two seasons for obtained better quality of compost than rainy season.
Study of the effect of Gliclazide and Garlic extract on Blood Sugar level in STZ – induced Diabetic Male Mice

Increase of blood glucose continuing challenge of public health, and increase of mortality values. Several evidences suggest that antioxidants consumption decreased hyperglycemia. In this study, we compared the effect of garlic extract and gliclazide on blood glucose level in STZ-induced diabetic mice. In this study, five male mice groups (n=10 for each group) used. Control group (group 1) received normal saline and four groups received STZ (40 mg/kg). One group received STZ only, and three next group consumed garlic extract, gliclazide and garlic extract+gliclazide for one month. After one month, glucose concentration was measured. In diabetic group glucose concentration was significantly increased (p<0.05) compared with control group. Administration of garlic extract, gliclazide and garlic extract+gliclazide decreased (p<0.05) glucose concentration compared with diabetic group. This effect of garlic is related to antioxidant effects. However, these properties are needed to be more investigated in human.
Optimal Reserve Prices in Anonymous Asymmetric Auctions

We analyze a problem of seller maximizing the expected revenue in an asymmetric setting under a practically relevant constraint of relying on simple detailed-free selling mechanisms. We consider an asymmetric independent private value setting in which multiple possibly non-identical (commonly ranked) objects are sold to buyers who obtain value from at most one object and whose valuations come from two dierent distributions. The objects are sold by means of a generalized Vickrey-Clark-Groves mechanism with the reserve price being the only possibility for the seller to extract more revenue. We characterize optimal reserve prices under dierent assumptions about the seller’s knowledge of asymmetries among the buyers. We consider four information treatments ranging from the detailed knowledge of every bidder’s distribution to complete ignorance, that is, knowledge of the average distribution corresponding to the belief that all bidder’s valuations come from the same distribution. We show that finer knowledge of distribution types of buyer’s valuations helps the seller only if she also knows how many buyers have specific distributions. Any other knowledge beyond that, e.g. being able to assign a specific distribution to a specific buyer, is useless. Generally, the optimal reserve price is higher when more detailed knowledge is available.
Genetic Structure Analysis of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary Population from Different host plant species in North of Iran

The genetic diversity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum populations recovered from different hosts were assessed using Simple Sequence Repeat fingerprinting. By using five SSR primers, 44 haploid groups detected among 65 isolates with 25 alleles polymorphism. A high level of genetic diversity was observed at about 67.6% (with clonal fraction = 0.077 to 0.20) for regional populations were observed, and Shannon diversity index (Ho) for the whole regions found to be was 0.86 (Htot). Partition of total diversity (Htot) showed that 64% corresponded to a variation in diversity within S. sclerotiorum populations. The Nie's genetic identity illustrated that populations from Golestan province and wild plants were found to be the most diverse from the other province and agriculture plants. The variability found within closely related isolates of S. sclerotiorum demonstrate the effectiveness of SSR marker in identifying genetic diversity among S. sclerotiorum isolates.
Relationship between sunflower productivity and soils chemical properties by geo-statistical techniques

Classical geostatistic techniques and geostatistics are important tools to co-relate linearly and spatially vegetal productivity to the soil´s properties. Spatial and Pearson´s co-relationships between the attributes of the sunflower plant and the soil´s properties were used in Campo Novo do Parecis MT Brazil in 2013 to determine the most significant co-relationship between cause and effect (soil and plant). A geostatistic network was established to collect data from the soil and plant from 100 sample points in plot with sunflower plants. Soil was classified as Red-Yellow Dystrophic Latosol (Typic Tropudox) and the capacity for cation exchange by Pearson´s linear co-relationships was the sole attribute of the soil to estimate the productivity of achenes. Since it had a direct spatial relationship with APL, and, in its turn, APL with PR, the soil´s pH provided a better performance in the limitation of regions with distinct growth and productive potentials of sunflowers. Conservational managements of the soil that aim at raising organic matter rates which, in their turn, affect directly and positively cation exchange capacity, are required to obtain the highest productivity of sunflower achenes due to their close relationship with plant´s height and achene mass. Key words: Soil fertility, Helianthus annuus L. , regression, kriging map, semivariogram.
Prediction of temperature dependent wave dispersion and interaction properties in composite structures

Composite structures are widely used for aerospace and automotive applications. These operate within a broad temperature range varying between -100_C to 200_C for launch vehicles and -60_C to +50_C for aircraft and automotive vehicles. Hereby, the sensitivity of the wave propagation and interaction properties of a composite structure to the ambient flight temperature is investigated. A wave finite element (WFE) and finite element (FE) based computational method is presented by which the temperature dependent wave dispersion characteristics and interaction phenomenon in a composite structures can be predicted. Initially, the temperature dependent mechanical properties of the panel in the range of -100_C to 150_C are measured experimentally using the Thermal Mechanical Analysis (TMA). Temperature dependent wave dispersion characteristics of each waveguide of the structural system, which is discretised as a system of a number of waveguides joined by a coupling element, is calculated using the WFE approach. The wave scattering properties, as a function of temperature, is determined by coupling the WFE wave characteristics models of the waveguides with the full FE modelling of the coupling element on which defect is included. Numerical case studies are exhibited for two waveguides coupled through a coupling element.
Salt retention in wetland soils and effects on dissolved organic carbon export

Deicing salt runoff has negative effects on ecosystems. Wetland ecosystems can act as important filters for runoff pollution (e.g., nutrients), mitigating damage to plants and microbes. Wetlands are important sinks for nutrients and pollutants (e.g., road salt) and transformation spots for many nutrients including carbon. The interactions between deicing salt runoff and wetland soil carbon were explored by measuring chloride export and retention, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export, and carbon quality using mesocosm experiments. Net retention of Cl was highest in soils receiving high salt treatments (5.0 g/L NaCl), although percent retention of Cl was greater in soils receiving moderate salt treatments (2.5 g/L NaCl), indicating a retention cap for Cl. The export of DOC was significantly lower upon addition of salt for two of three wetland sites. The quality of carbon exported was not affected by salt addition. The storage of salt found could further alter the biogeochemistry of wetland ecosystems.
Use of RAPD-PCR to Characterize Eurotium Strains Isolated from Date Fruits

Twenty-nine species and 15 fungal genera were collected from 30 samples of Egyptian date fruits incubated on 50% sucrose-Czapek's agar medium at 27°C. Eurotium was the most frequent genus and occurred in 83.3% of the samples contributing 22.6% of total fungi. For further genotypic characterization, the genus Eurotium represented by 5 species was compared with some type strains from culture collection of Institute of Applied Microbiology, Agricultural Sciences University, Austria. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used for the estimation of genetic variability in this genus. Using 3 primers for the analysis, distinct fragments were obtained. The derived dendrogram clustered the strains according to the species.
RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY AMONG FISH FARMERS USING EARTHEN POND SYSTEM IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA

The paper examined the resource use efficiency among earthen pond fish farmers in Benue state, Nigeria using Stochastic Frontier Production Function Model. The results of return to Naira invested shows that earthen pond system yielded 0.67, which implied that for every one naira invested, a return of N1.67 were obtained. And the rate of return on capital invested was 63% which is greater than the prevailing bank rate. The results of economic efficiency revealed an average of 82.9% the results showed that technical and allocative efficiency were relatively low. Stochastic frontier production function revealed that labour and fingerlings were found to be significant factors that contributed to the technical efficiency. Also only age and years of experience are significant factors in the inefficiency sources model. The results showed that there was inefficiency in the allocation of productive resources among fish farmers in the study area. Although results of the study have shown that fish farmers were inefficient in the application of productive resources, the low output prices and the imperfect condition of input markets in the study area may have constrained efficient use of production inputs. To improve efficiency in resource use efficiency in earthen pond fish production, the fish farmers should be availed of current technical and price information. The ownership structure revealed that most of the fish farms were owned by individuals who had little access to finance. Therefore, government participation in fish farming should be encouraged in the area to boost the quantity of fish available for consumption.
HYPERLEDA - II. The homogenized HI data

After a compilation of HI data from 611 references and new observations made in Nancay, we produce a catalog of homogenized HI data for 16781 galaxies. The homogenization is made using the EPIDEMIC method from which all data are progressively converted into the adopted standard. The result is a catalog giving: 1) the logarithm of twice the maximum rotation velocity, $\log 2V_{\rm M}^{\sin i}$, converted to the system of Mathewson et al. ([CITE]). This quantity is given without correction for inclination; 2) the HI magnitude, m 21 , (area of the 21-cm line width expressed in magnitude) converted to the flux system of Theureau et al. ([CITE]); 3) the HI velocity, V HI , expressed with the optical definition (i.e., using wavelengths instead frequencies). The typical uncertainties are: 0.04 for $\log 2V_{\rm M}^{\sin i}$, 0.25 mag for m 21 and 9 km s -1 for V HI .
Development and calcification of the ammonitella shell

Aconeceras trautscholdi ammonitellae mass occurring in the Aptian of Symbirsk, central Russia represent consecutive calcification stages of the primary organic shell wall. Already after the formation of the organic shell with proseptum, the first whorl and umbilical walls of the initial chamber were calcified, then the remaining part of the initial chamber, and finally the nacreous primary constriction was formed and the proseptum was calcified. The original mineral participating in calcification was aragonite, which formed primary prismatic layers. The ammonite embryonic shell was thus formed similarly to the archaeogastropod larval shell. This explains the microstructural distinction of the ammonitella and proseptum walls with respect to the rest of the ammonite shell.
Peculiarities of various Festulolium braunii cultivars development and overwintering.

The field research focuses on the relationship of biomass accumulation, heading and overwintering of Festulolium braunii plants, which do not obligatory require thermal induction and are called “dvuruchki”. The following cultivars have been observed: ‘Felopa’, ‘Paulita’, ‘Perun’, ‘Punia’, ‘Rakopan’, ‘Sulino’. The results show that these cultivars differ in the percentage of headed plants during autumn and overwintered plants. A comparison of these traits has revealed that the cultivars ‘Felopa’, ‘Sulino’ and ‘Punia’ which head better show higher overwintering results as well. This conclusion, which contradicts the traditional viewpoint, may be based on the fact that in the fall period Festulolium braunii has short shoots of suppressed development, which do not pass into generative phase and overwinters successfully. Moreover, better heading cultivars might even have more shoots of suppressed development (especially in case of cutting), which result in successful overwintering of the whole plant. “Dvuruchki”, heterogenic shoot system, heading, suppressed development, overwintering.
E-sports analysis data acquisition algorithm based on convolutional neural network

At present, e-sports has become one of the most important industries. How to analyze e-sports data has become an urgent problem to be solved. Currently, some hot competition items do not provide data interfaces, so that the training set required for data analysis cannot be directly and accurately acquired. Data can only be obtained by watching video games in person. This method is obviously inefficient and the accuracy cannot be guaranteed. This paper proposes a data acquisition algorithm based on convolutional neural network algorithm. It also introduces transfer learning, improves the sample training method and data acquisition method, and finally solves the problem of data acquisition. According to the test, this algorithm achieves about 91% accuracy.
Cosmic expansion history from SNe Ia data via information field theory: the charm code

We present charm (cosmic history agnostic reconstruction method), a novel inference algorithm that reconstructs the cosmic expansion history as encoded in the Hubble parameter H ( z ) from SNe Ia data. The novelty of the approach lies in the usage of information field theory, a statistical field theory that is very well suited for the construction of optimal signal recovery algorithms. The charm algorithm infers non-parametrically s ( a ) = ln( ρ ( a ) / ρ crit0 ), the density evolution which determines H ( z ), without assuming an analytical form of ρ ( a ) but only its smoothness with the scale factor a = (1 + z ) -1 . The inference problem of recovering the signal s ( a ) from the data is formulated in a fully Bayesian way. In detail, we have rewritten the signal as the sum of a background cosmology and a perturbation. This allows us to determine the maximum a posteriory estimate of the signal by an iterative Wiener filter method. Applying charm to the Union2.1 supernova compilation, we have recovered a cosmic expansion history that is fully compatible with the standard ΛCDM cosmological expansion history with parameter values consistent with the results of the Planck mission.
One-year prospective study of pediatric cutaneous leishmaniasis: a neglected tropical disease in sub Himalayan region, India

Background: Satluj Valley of Himachal Pradesh is a newly identified focus of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) and here disease is still in emerging phase. Although children are most commonly affected victims by CL but till date no such study has been done on childhood CL in this region.Methods: All newly diagnosed cases of CL were registered and detailed clinico-epidemiological parameters of children between 0-18 years were recorded. Imprint smears for LD bodies and biopsies for histopathology were done in atypical cases to confirm clinical diagnosis.Results: Over a period of one year 337 cases of CL were registered, out of them 115 children (0-18 years) were enrolled for this study. School going (6-18 years) population was predominantly affected age group. Males outnumbered the females with a ratio of 1.88. Face was most commonly affected site and most (65.21%) cases presented with single lesion. Nodules (40.87%), plaques (24.35%) and papules (7.39%) were commonly observed morphologies although mixed patterns and atypical forms were also found. Most (62.60%) cases presented within 1-3 months of lesion onset. All cases responded well to treatment with antimonials. Lesional pain, swelling, bleeding, pigmentation and scarring were minor post treatment side effects.Conclusions: Pediatric CL is an emerging infection along the Satluj valley of Himachal Pradesh (HP). Although clinical diagnosis is simple, and all cases respond well to antimonials. But, availability of diagnostic tests is essential to diagnose atypical cases. Further annual record keeping, and reporting is recommended to know the exact disease burden so as to promote the effective treatment and preventive measures.
Sexual dimorphism and reproductive cycle in the arboreal spiny lizard Sceloporus formosus Wiegmann ( Squamata : Phrynosomatidae ) from central Oaxaca

It is well known that geographic variation occurs in life history characteristics among populations of lizards. Variations in life histories found in some studies are possibly adaptations to environmental pressures. In southwestern México, the reproductive characteristics of the endemic species Sceloporus formosus have been poorly studied throughout its geographic range. We used specimens from scientific collections to describe male and female reproductive cycles and sexual dimorphism of S. formosus. Other viviparous Sceloporus from high elevations show sexual dimorphism, with males being larger in many morphological characteristics than females. We therefore expected that S. formosus would show sexual dimorphism. However, we found no sexual dimorphism. Males reached sexual maturity at a smaller (47 mm) snout-vent length (SVL) than females (50 mm). There were no significant differences between sexes and months in liver mass. However, fat body mass in females was greater than in males. For males, there was significant relationship between log10testis volume and log10-SVL. Testis volume was positively correlated with temperature and was smallest during October, November, and December. For females, there was no significant effect of month on gonad volume. Vitellogenesis occurred from April to November. Vitellogenic follicles and embryonic development were significantly correlated with precipitation (Pearson correlation, r = 0.80, n = 10, P = 0.0081) and photoperiod (Pearson correlation, r = 0.72, n = 10, P < 0.0001). Litter size based on embryos was correlated with SVL (Pearson correlation, r = 0.82, n = 10, P = 0.0034). Relative litter mass was not correlated with female SVL (Pearson correlation, r = 0.43, n = 10, P = 0.2110). The fall reproductive pattern found in this species is typical of viviparous species from high elevation, where temperature is low, and precipitation and relative humidity are high. If so, it would suggest that convergence in reproductive cycle could be associated with a shift to montane habitats in these species.
Effects of sale-specific factors on stumpage prices in Finland

Buyers of standing timber take not only the market situation but also the harvest costs into consideration when making purchase offers. In Finland, 85% of all timber is sold as standing timber, but there is little information for forest owners and third parties regarding how differences in harvest costs are reflected in the stumpage prices. This article analyses the relationship between salespecific factors and stumpage prices in Finland. Data on 4824 standing timber sales between 2008 and 2012 were gathered from five local Forest Management Associations. Regression analyses were run on the stumpage prices (euros m–3) paid for sawlogs and pulpwood. Seasonal harvest restrictions, the volume of the sale and the timber assortment influenced stumpage prices, as did the presence of forest damages. Prices also differed over time and between locations. Furthermore, the forest haulage distance was statistically significant for pulpwood. The results suggest that the size of the individual sales and the composition of assortments affect the income owners earn from their forest. The results can be used to estimate stumpage prices and the monetary impacts on forest owners of procedures such as forest road network planning and land consolidation, as well as for valuation of forests.
Net Weighting Methods and Other Novel Approaches in Variation-Aware Placement and Sizing

The research is divided into three primary sections. In the first section, a rigorous mathematical framework is developed under which net weighting methods, common in VLSI physical design, may be proven to converge, given that they satisfy several natural properties defined in the work. Several net weighting techniques from industry are analyzed within this framework and adapted so to form a class of schemes that satisfy the convergent properties. These are implemented and experimentally tested within the analytical placer mPL. In the second section, the net weighting framework is extended to statistical timing-aware placement in a novel algorithm, termed STAP, with promising experimental results. In the third section, a new approach to statistical timing-aware gate sizing, termed ProSize, is developed from current research in convex optimization.