Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Normal Human Locomotion, Part 1: Basic Concepts and Terminology

Over the past several decades, the evolution of gait science has produced an array of terms and concepts relating to observational gait analysis. Prosthetists and orthotists use various forms of gait analysis on a daily basis as an important part of clinical care.When the basic principles of normal walking are understood, a more penetrating grasp of pathological gait becomes possible. The result is expanded ability to differentiate between pathological and compensatory gait deficits. In addition, efficient interaction with the clinic team demands a sound conceptual knowledge base of human locomotion and related terminology. This will facilitate an optimal treatment plan for the patient and enhance communication and prescription recommendations to the physician and relevant paying agencies. This article is intended to be an introduction to gait science with these goals and objectives in mind.
An analysis of three Japanese tags: ne, yone, and daroo

This paper presents an analysis of three Japanese words — ne, yone, and daroo. These three expressions are often interpreted as tag questions in English. Although these words are semantically closely related, they are not always interchangeable. The subtle differences between them are difficult to grasp, especially for language learners. Numerous studies have been undertaken in order to clarify the meanings of ne, yone, and daroo. However, opinions vary among different scholars, and definitions for these markers are not fully established. This paper applies the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach. It proposes new explications in terms of semantic primes. The proposed semantic formulae clarify the differences between the three expressions and serve as practical tools: Tools which indicate criteria that can assist in choosing an appropriate word for a given situation.
Connectionist word-level classification in speech recognition

MS-TDNN (multistate time delay neural networks), a connectionist architecture with embedded time alignment, was proposed recently. It makes word level classification possible and efficient on speech recognition tasks. Connectionist classification at the word level (rather than the usual maximum likelihood estimation) has not been commonly used in speech recognition, and raises issues related to proper temporal modeling and global discriminant training applied at the word level. The author shows how MS-TDNNs deal with these issues in a simple and efficient way, and achieve state of the art performance on several tasks representative of different problems in speaker-independent speech recognition: telephone digits and connected spelled letters. <<ETX>>
Barriers to Uptake and Effective Integration of PMTCT into SRH Services in Selected Health Facilities in Nairobi County, Kenya

Introduction: Prevention of Mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV for a long time has been implemented as standalone programs. Recently, there has been increasing awareness and discussion on possible benefits of integrating Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) and PMTCT services to reduce mother to child transmission of HIV. Aims and objectives: To identify barriers to PMTCT uptake and assesses challenges experienced in integration of PMTCT with SRH services. Material and methods: The study employed mixed methods of study design and three stage cluster sampling strategy to recruit 340 HIV positive postnatal mothers. Twelve key informants were purposively selected from all selected study facilities. A structured questionnaire and a focus group discussion guide were used to obtain information from postnatal HIV infected mothers on barriers to PMTCT uptake. Key informants interview guides (KIIs) were used to obtain information from hospitals administrators and PMTCT staff on barriers to effective intergration of SRH and PMTCT services. Data collected using questionnaires was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17. Qualitative data from key informants was analysed using Microsoft office excel. Observation and results: Lack of partners support, stigma and discrimination were reported as the main hindrances to PMTCT uptake. Inadequate staffing and lack of specialized training was reported as a barrier to PMTCT and SRH services integration. Conclusion: Barriers to PMTC integration with SRH programme can be eliminated by addressing shortage of staff, equipping staff with specialized knowledge and skills on SRH and PMTCT.
Elementary structures in entity-relationship diagrams: a new metric for effort estimation

The paper describes a systematic treatment of the entity relationship diagram, resulting in the identification of three elementary data structures. Recognition of these structures is shown to constitute a useful analytical and diagnostic tool for data modelling. An algorithm for counting the number of occurrences of each type of structure in a data model is presented and the possibility is explored of using these values as the basis for a metric for system development effort estimation. Such a metric could be applied earlier in the development cycle than others currently in use. For a specific class of system an empirical expression for the estimation of development effort is determined.
Designing DiLIS: a distance learners’ information service

Reports the preliminary results of a questionnaire survey, undertaken as part of the Continuing Vocational Education funded ‘Library Support for Distance Learners’ initiative at the George Edwards Library (GEL), University of Surrey. The study aims were: to identify the information needs and resource requirements of the University’s distance learners; to design a range of new or modified library services to address these needs; to assess the resource implications of the proposed library and information services; and to enable GEL to formulate a policy for distance learners. Describes how the GEL Management designed a Distance Learners’ Information Service (DiLIS) based on the findings of this study. DiLIS will offer a range of facilities including: a written policy that states the borrowing, reservation and renewal rights for all distance learning students; a World Wide Web based information gateway; a postal loan service; a document delivery service; a staffed telephone and electronic mail help line; remote literature searching facilities; a mediation service for negotiating access arrangements to alternative academic libraries; and modified user education programmes.
Learning Strategies and Performance In a Technology Integrated Classroom

Abstract This study examines students’ use of technology for learning (accessing the course Web site to download PowerPoint slides for note taking and exam preparation) relative to more traditional learning methods (reading the textbook and taking notes in class and from the textbook) and the effect of their learning strategies on exam performance and class attendance. Students who were categorized as high on use of technology and low on traditional learning methods or low on technology and high on traditional learning methods exhibited higher attendance and performance than those students categorized as high or low on both technology and traditional learning methods. Results suggest that there is more than one path for optimal exam performance.
Strategies of Real-time Cartography

AbstractAs the application of interactive computer graphic methods to cartographic tasks continues to develop and mature, it is useful and instructive to examine these developments in a deeper conceptual context. Possibilities for cartographic communication have been greatly expanded with such interactive cartographic computer systems. A key concept in the power and flexibility of such interactive systems is that of real and virtual maps and transformations that can be made between them. One can now look past current interactive cartographic systems for display, analysis and map production to the potential of more powerful and flexible real-time interactive cartographic systems which can deal with more complex forms of cartographic situations and include the manipulation of a number of aspects of spatiotemporal dynamics. These include cartographic object manipulation and surface exploration, the display of cartographic data as it changes through time, and combinations of the above.
Modified Local Binary Pattern for Human Face Recognition Based on Sparse Representation

Abstract Over the last decades, research on facial analysis has witnessed a growing interest and became a very active topic in computer vision. Broadly, it can be addressed in either of the two ways, namely facial representation and classification. Considering the former category, many representations could be found in the literature. One of the most popular representations is the well-known local binary pattern (LBP). In this respect, we propose in this paper a novel alternative to the basic LBP for face representation, termed a modified local binary pattern (MLBP), which we prove its outperformance over other popular techniques. On the other hand, we exploit the sparsity of the representative set of MLBPs for recognizing different face classes. Therefore, compressive sensing theory was employed to construct a so-called sparse representation classifier. Experimental results conducted on three popular face databases pointed out the superiority of our proposed strategy over other state-of-the-art techniques.
Assessment of primary health care in a rural health centre in Enugu South east Nigeria.

Objective: Primary health care (PHC) is a vital in any community. Any health centre with a well implemented PHC program can stand the test of time in curbing under five mortality and morbidity. This study was therefore aimed at assessing the activities in a health centre located in a rural area in Enugu state and to determine the pattern and presentation of various diseases in the health centre. Methods: This is retrospective study undertaken in a primary health care centre in Abakpa Nike in Enugu east LGA of Enugu State of Nigeria from December 2011 to December 31 st 2013. Data retrieved were collected with the aid of a structured study proforma and analyzed using SPSS Version 18. Results: Total number of children that attended immunization program in the health centre over 20 months period was 25,438 (12,348 males and 13090 females), however only 17745 children (7998 males and 9747 females) were actually registered in the hospital records. None of the children was immunized for DPT2 and OPV 0 and HBV 1 in the course of this study. The dropout rate using DPT1, 2 and 3 (DPT1-DPT2/DPT3) was very high (494%). The mean immunization coverage rate was 8.3%. Family planning activities, integrated management of childhood illnesses program were also carried out in the health centre but at very low level. Conclusions: The major fulcrum of events in the health centre which include immunization coverage, IMCI, and management of common illnesses were simply non operational. However the health centre had a well knitted referral system.
PERFIL DOS USUÁRIOS DO CENTRO DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL E DO PROGRAMA DE SAÚDE MENTAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE ORLEANS - SC Profile of attendees of the Psychosocial Care Center and Mental Health Program in the City of Orleans-SC.

This article is a result of a quantitative documental analysis aiming to delineate the profile of attendees of the Center for Psychosocial Care (CAPS) and the Mental Health Program in the city of Orleans – SC, from January 2009 to June 2010. The following data were collected: gender, age, diagnosis, professionals consulted by users, psychiatric hospitalization, and use of psychiatric drugs. Consulted were the 208 medical records available at CAPS I and 401 in the Mental Health Program. In CAPS I 65% of the attendees were female, 37% aged 41-50 years, the diagnosis with higher frequency (38%) was disorders classified by ICD-10 between F30 and F39 (mood affective disorders). 37% had psychiatric hospitalization, 99% had been under psychiatric care and 87% under psychological treatment. 98% used psychotropic drugs. In the Mental Health Program, 74% were female, 30% aged 41-50 years, most often (42%) diagnosed with disorders classified by ICD-10 between F30 and F39 (mood affective disorders). 6% had psychiatric hospitalization, 97% % had been under psychiatric care and 11% under psychological treatment. 97% used psychotropic drugs. Knowing the patient can rethink psychosocial care, ensuring that the proposals of the psychiatric reform are applied in these services. These proposals constitute a continuous process of thinking practices and re-creating them in the context of biopsychossocial health.
Marketing to teens: a study of two New Zealand public libraries

Purpose – Marketing in libraries has been widely discussed in literature, but is often limited to either prescriptive writing on the application of marketing theory to libraries, or descriptions of marketing at individual libraries with little theoretical basis. The purpose of this paper is to investigate marketing to teens as practiced by public libraries, and to discover whether the application of marketing mix concepts to practice is a conscious decision by libraries. Design/methodology/approach – Staff were interviewed at two large New Zealand public libraries to discover whether they considered marketing targeting theory and marketing mix concepts when marketing to teens. Findings – It was found that while both libraries did some formal teen marketing, the majority of marketing was conducted more informally by individual branch libraries. Libraries struggled in particular with defining their teen users, and the marketing mix was dealt with in an ad hoc manner. Overall, library marketing was more tact.
Effect of Chemical Radicals on the Geometry of DNA: Computational Study

To understand the effect of chemical radicals on DNA base pairs, we investigate the mechanism for the reaction of a hydroxyl radical to the GC and AT base pairs, by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The effect of solvation on the mechanism is also presented by the same DFT calculations under the continuum solvation model. We find that, radical structure increasing the length of the nearest hydrogen bond of adjacent base pair, accompanied by decreasing the length of furthest hydrogen bond. According to the results, hydrogen bond lengths between AT an GC base pairs in water solvent are longer than vacuum.
Performance of optimum transmitter power control in cellular radio systems

Most cellular radio systems provide for the use of transmitter power control to reduce cochannel interference for a given channel allocation. Efficient interference management aims at achieving acceptable carrier-to-interference ratios in all active communication links in the system. Such schemes for the control of cochannel interference are investigated. The effect of adjacent channel interference is neglected. As a performance measure, the interference (outage) probability is used, i.e., the probability that a randomly chosen link is subject to excessive interference. In order to derive upper performance bounds for transmitter power control schemes, algorithms that are optimum in the sense that the interference probability is minimized are suggested. Numerical results indicate that these upper bounds exceed the performance of conventional systems by an order of magnitude regarding interference suppression and by a factor of 3 to 4 regarding the system capacity. The structure of the optimum algorithm shows that efficient power control and dynamic channel assignment algorithms are closely related. >
Prediction of Musical Affect Using a Combination of Acoustic Structural Cues

This study explores whether musical affect attribution can be predicted by a linear combination of acoustical structural cues. To that aim, a database of sixty musical audio excerpts was compiled and analyzed at three levels: judgments of affective content by subjects; judgments of structural content by musicological experts (i.e., “manual structural cues”), and extraction of structural content by an auditory-based computer algorithm (called: acoustical structural cues). In Study I, an affect space was constructed with Valence (gay-sad), Activity (tender-bold) and Interest (exciting-boring) as the main dimensions, using the responses of a hundred subjects. In Study II manual and acoustical structural cues were analyzed and compared. Manual structural cues such as loudness and articulation could be accounted for in terms of a combination of acoustical structural cues. In Study III, the subjective responses of eight individual subjects were analyzed using the affect space obtained in Study I, and modeled in terms of the structural cues obtained in Study II, using linear regression modeling. This worked better for the Activity dimension than for the Valence dimension, while the Interest dimension could not be accounted for. Overall, manual structural cues worked better than acoustical structural cues. In a final assessment study, a selected set of acoustical structural cues was used for building prediction models. The results indicate that musical affect attribution can partly be predicted using a combination of acoustical structural cues. Future research may focus on non-linear approaches, elaboration of dataset and subjects, and refinement of acoustical structural cue extraction.
The relationship between social perspective and knowledge management

Knowledge management is an important topic in today's business environment and many of the world's top organisations have implemented it quite successfully. This paper explores the concept of relationship between knowledge management and social perspective. The knowledge management process consists of localisation, acquisition and development, transfer, codification and use of knowledge. Social perspective consists of leadership, organisational culture and workers. The research was done in 511 small and medium enterprises in Poland. Questionnaires were administered to managers. According to presented research the key factors connected with social perspective important in knowledge management were described.
Dynamics in document design

SITUATING DOCUMENT DESIGN. What is Document Design? Evolution of the Field: Contextual Dynamics. OBSERVING READERS IN ACTION. How Documents Engage Readers' Thinking and Feeling. The Impact of Poor Design: Thinking about Ourselves as Users of Texts and Technology. Seeing the Text: The Role of Typography and Space. The Interplay of Words and Pictures. RESPONDING TO READERS' NEEDS. What Document Designers Can Learn from Readers. Appendices. Bibliography. Indexes. Colophon.
Newspaper Information in Tanzania: challenges for the 21St Century

Reviews the task of providing adequate newspaper information services to meet the demands of 21st century Tanzania. Defines what is meant by newspaper information, and outlines the present situation of the provision of newspaper information in Africa and mainland Tanzania. Discusses the problems of providing access to newspaper information and the newspaper services provided by libraries in Tanzania. Analyses the challenges for newspaper information in Tanzania in the 21st century, and provides recommendations in respect of: newspaper collections; staff; indexing and press cutting; preservation and conservation; cooperation; equipment and the introduction of new technology.
Common Lisp the Language

The defacto standard - a must-have for all LISP programmers. In this greatly expanded edition of the defacto standard, you'll learn about the nearly 200 changes already made since original publication - and find out about gray areas likely to be revised later. Written by the Vice- Chairman of X3J13 (the ANSI committee responsible for the standardization of Common Lisp) and co-developer of the language itself, the new edition contains the entire text of the first edition plus six completely new chapters. They cover: - CLOS, the Common Lisp Object System, with new features to support function overloading and object-oriented programming, plus complete technical specifications * Loops, a powerful control structure for multiple variables * Conditions, a generalization of the error signaling mechanism * Series and generators * Plus other subjects not part of the ANSI standards but of interest to professional programmers. Throughout, you'll find fresh examples, additional clarifications, warnings, and tips - all presented with the author's customary vigor and wit.
Assistive Technologies for Library Patrons with Visual Disabilities

ABSTRACT This study provides an overview of the various products available for library patrons with blindness or visual impairments. To provide some insight into the status of library services for patrons with blindness, a sample of American universities that are recognized for their programs for students with visual impairments was surveyed to discern which assistive technology products are available in their libraries. The results of the study are analyzed and conclusions are offered.
Interlanguage and learnability

This book investigates a set of structures characteristic of Chinese speakers' English interlanguage (CIL) in the light of grammatical theory and principles of learnability. As a study of CIL grammar, it illuminates both the theory of interlanguage syntax in general and some specific problems in the acquisition of English by Chinese L1 learners. A set of interrelated structures are investigated, including topicalization, passive, ergative, “tough movement” and existential constructions. The interlanguage is approached through the comparative syntax of the relevant L1 and L2 constructions, combining insights from Chomskyan Universal Grammar and typological research. CIL proves to be permeable to Chinese typological influence and bears topic-prominent characteristics, while showing effects of language universals. A parallel theme of the book is the question of learnability in the context of second language acquisition. The Subset and Uniqueness Principles are adapted to the L2 context so as to account for learning difficulty as well as successful acquisition. Under-generation and over-generation of the interlanguage and target constructions give rise to learnability problems which are formulated in terms of set relations at the level of individual constructions. The Uniqueness Principle is invoked to motivate preemption of overgenerated forms. The interaction of syntax and semantics plays a crucial role in the formulation and resolution of these learnability problems. General conceptual issues raised by the Subset and Uniqueness Principles are also discussed.
Null element restoration

Understanding the syntactic structure of a sentence is a necessary preliminary to understanding its semantics and therefore for many practical applications. The field of natural language processing has achieved a high degree of accuracy in parsing, at least in English. However, the syntactic structures produced by the most commonly used parsers are less detailed than those structures found in the treebanks the parsers were trained on. In particular, these parsers typically lack the null elements used to indicate wh-movement, control, and other phenomena. This thesis presents a system for inserting these null elements into parse trees in English. It then examines the problem in Arabic, which motivates a second, joint-inference system which has improved performance on English as well. Finally, it examines the application of information derived from the Google Web 1T corpus as a way of reducing certain data sparsity issues related to wh-movement.