Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Body Mass Index And Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Cases At Baseline Among Treatment – Naive HIV-Infected Patients In Nigeria

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is a symptomatic (AIDS) stage of HIV infection in which a patient present with one or combination of the following: CD4 + T lymphocyte counts <200 cells/mm3 (Immunologically defined AIDS/severe immunosuppression), ≥ 2 symptoms of AIDS defining illnesses (ADI) coupled with immunologically defined AIDS or based on only symptoms of ADI Abstract: Body mass index (BMI) is a screening but not a diagnostic tool and it measures the nutritional status of an individual. Higher BMI is associated with number of medical conditions, however HIV patients with higher BMI value may have more protection compared to those HIV patients with lower BMI value in experiencing Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. (AIDS). A cross-sectional study was adopted in which an association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and proportion of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) cases among 180 adults, males and females, treatment naïve HIV infected patients, attending HIV clinics at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto (UDUTH) and Specialist Hospital Sokoto (SHS), was evaluated from March 2014 to October 2015. Overall, 76(42.2), 81(45), 20(11.1), and 3(1.7), were underweight, normal, overweight, and obese respectively. There were significant differences by BMI category in mean CD4 + T lymphocyte counts and age group (P< 0.0001; 0.002 respectively). Female study participants had higher mean BMI compared to males (P< 0.022). Mean CD4 + T lymphocyte counts was significantly higher among underweight compared to other BMI categories (0.0001). The proportion AIDS cases based on immunologically defined AIDS (CD4 + T lymphocyte counts ˂ 200 cells/mm3) coupled with symptoms of AIDS defining illnesses (ADI) or immunologically defined AIDS or symptoms of ADI were significantly higher among underweight compared to other BMI categories (P˂ 0.005; 0.046; 0.0001 respectively). HIV health care providers should therefore give closer attention to BMI at HIV diagnosis, as it may be a predictor and potentially be useful as a marker for initiation of ART especially in resource limited countries.
Routines, Reconfiguration and the Contribution of Business Analytics to Organisational Performance

Availability of large volumes of data in the firms has given a rise in interest in the potential use of business analytics applications. Research has investigated the potential of business analytics to deliver improved performance and competitive advantage at the firm level. However, a theoretical framework identifying the organisational factors which enables the firms to realise those performance gains and competitive advantage has not been clearly articulated. This paper proposes a theoretical framework identifying the organisational factors involved in realising performance gains and competitive advantage from business analytics. This paper draws on the foundational works of dynamic capabilities, routines and effective use to develop a research model. The data collected to test the research model is described along with the analytical strategies to test the model. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
ORCHIDEE-MICT (v8.4.1), a land surface model for the high latitudes: model description and validation

Abstract. The high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere are a nexus for the interaction between land surface physical properties and their exchange of carbon and energy with the atmosphere. At these latitudes, two carbon pools of planetary significance – those of the permanently frozen soils (permafrost), and of the great expanse of boreal forest – are vulnerable to destabilization in the face of currently observed climatic warming, the speed and intensity of which are expected to increase with time. Improved projections of future Arctic and boreal ecosystem transformation require improved land surface models that integrate processes specific to these cold biomes. To this end, this study lays out relevant new parameterizations in the ORCHIDEE-MICT land surface model. These describe the interactions between soil carbon, soil temperature and hydrology, and their resulting feedbacks on water and CO2 fluxes, in addition to a recently developed fire module. Outputs from ORCHIDEE-MICT, when forced by two climate input datasets, are extensively evaluated against (i) temperature gradients between the atmosphere and deep soils, (ii) the hydrological components comprising the water balance of the largest high-latitude basins, and (iii) CO2 flux and carbon stock observations. The model performance is good with respect to empirical data, despite a simulated excessive plant water stress and a positive land surface temperature bias. In addition, acute model sensitivity to the choice of input forcing data suggests that the calibration of model parameters is strongly forcing-dependent. Overall, we suggest that this new model design is at the forefront of current efforts to reliably estimate future perturbations to the high-latitude terrestrial environment.
Lateral Migration of a Solid Particle in Shear Flow

Lateral migration of solid particles in shear flow is observed in various industrial applications. Suspensions in a blade coater, a device used to apply coating pigment to a base paper to improve paper properties, is an example. Particle hydrodynamics will affect the quality of coated paper and runnability of the coater especially when the speed of the coating machine is very high or the pigment concentration is increased.
Automated System for Prediction of Skin Disease using Image Processing and Machine Learning

Dermatology is one of the major field of prescription which is worried about the analysis and treatment of skin disorders. Skin diseases are among the most widely recognized medical issues around the world. Regardless of being common, their determination is quite troublesome and requires broad knowledge and expertise in the area. Skin disease might cause severe health and monetary consequences for patients if not detected and controlled early. Early recognition can forestall the condition from worsening. This research paper presents the development of an automated skin disease diagnosis system which takes images of a skin disease as an input by the user and predicts the type of skin disease. The system uses a dual stage approach for detection and prediction process which effectively amalgamates image processing and machine learning. In the 1st stage, the image of the skin condition is subject to numerous types of pre-processing techniques followed by feature extraction. The extracted features for each image are then converted to a feature vector. In the second stage, the feature vectors are fed to a machine learning algorithm (artificial neural networks) to identify disease and predict accordingly. On training and testing for 5 diseases (eczema, psoriasis, impetigo,
Analysis of plant growth promoting potential of endophytes isolated from Echinacea purpurea and Lonicera japonica

Plant endophytes help in maintaining plant health by means of their biofertilizer and biocontrol attributes and, are currently being explored for their ability to produce novel biologically active compounds. Herein, we have isolated beneficial endophytic bacteria from Echinacea purpurea (EF.B3) and Lonicera japonica (LS.B11) that showed phosphate solubilization, siderophore, indole acetic acid and hydrogen cyanide production, and fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. Additionally, the endophytes also conferred antifungal activity against Fusarium sp. , Rhizoctonia sp. , Pythium sp. and Alternaria sp. When tested in plantae, the LS.B11 and EF.B3 strains were able to promote plant growth and control fungal infections in peaseedlings. Both strains were found to be endophytic as tested by RAPD and viability count. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we show that the LS.B11 and EF.B3 strains are related to Pseudomonas sp. And Burkholderia sp. By using degenerate primers, we identified genes related to polyketide synthases and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases in EF.B3 and LS.B11, respectively that are typically involved in the production of antimicrobial compounds. Therefore, we conclude that both endophytes can be used for increasing agriculture productivity and in the production of antimicrobial compounds for crop improvement.
Age structure, growth and mortality of the striped goby, Gobius vittatus (Gobiidae) in the northern Adriatic Sea

The striped goby, Gobius vittatus Vinciguerra, 1883 is a Mediterranean gobiid species considered to be rare with very little data on its biology and ecology. A sample of 704 specimens of G. vittatus was collected by SCUBA diving at three locations in the northern Adriatic Sea (Kvarner area) from April 2001 to March 2002. The present paper provides the first information on age structure, lifespan, growth and mortality of G. vittatus. The size range of individuals was between 19.2 and 54.0 mm. The maximum estimated age was 4 and 3 years for females and males respectively. The total mortality rate (Z) was estimated to be from 0.94 to 1.08 for females and from 0.99 to 1.43 for males. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated from the mean monthly age-length data were significantly different between sexes (females: L8 = 50.96, K = 1.02 and t0 = -0.47; males: L8 = 50.13, K = 1.18 and t0 = -0.42).
Bordism invariants of intersections of submanifolds

This paper characterizes certain geometric intersection problems in terms of bordism obstructions. These obstructions give a setting in which to study such things as parametrized h-cobordisms (pseudoisotopy), and surgery above the middle dimension and on fibrations, where such intersection problems arise. 0. Introduction. Suppose P and Q are c.osed manifolds (smooth or PL) embedded or immersed in a manifold M. We give two techniques for changing the intersection of P and Q in M by ambient isotopy or regular homotopy of Q. The first, generalizing lemmas of Stallings and Wall, characterizes the dimensions in which modifications of P n Q (for example, making P and Q disjoint) by homotopy of Q 'M are realized by ambient isotopy or regular homotopy of Q c-+ M. The second method, generalizing the classical Whitney procedure for cancelling pairs of isolated double points, characterizes the possible changes in P fl Q in terms of a bordism group for a metastable range of dimensions. As a particular case, when P and Q are sufficiently highly connected, the bordism group is the k-dimensional framed bordism group of the loop space of M, where k = dim(P fl Q). For example, in the classical case k = 0 this gives the integral group ring Z[7rlM]. A similar but more complicated bordism invariant is obtained for the problem of modifying self-intersections of an immersion of Q by regular homotopy. In view of applications to parametrized versions of the h-cobordism theorem and surgery theory, we consider in the final section the situation when P, Q, and M are fibered over some manifold, with all immersions, embeddings, etc., fiber preserving. We show in this case that the fibered theory is identical with the unfibered. As an immediate simple application we give some remarks on sections of metastable PL and vector bundles. Since this paper was written, we have discovered that it overlaps two theses Received by the editors November 16, 1972 and, in revised form, October 25, 1973. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 57C35, 57D40.
The Flexibility of Description and NESS Causation

Introduction Two arsonists start separate fires to the same house. Each fire is sufficient to destroy the house on its own. Neither is therefore sine qua non necessary to the loss. A growing number of scholars suggest that the sufficiency of the two fires deems them causes-in-fact of the loss. The most influential sufficiency analysis of recent years is the NESS test developed by Hart and Honoré and Richard Wright. As David Fischer writes:
Size-resolved aerosol composition at an urban and a rural site in the Po Valley in summertime: implications for secondary aerosol formation

Abstract. The aerosol size-segregated chemical composition was analyzed at an urban (Bologna) and a rural (San Pietro Capofiume) site in the Po Valley, Italy, during June and July 2012, by ion-chromatography (major water-soluble ions and organic acids) and evolved gas analysis (total and water-soluble carbon), to investigate sources and mechanisms of secondary aerosol formation during the summer. A significant enhancement of secondary organic and inorganic aerosol mass was observed under anticyclonic conditions with recirculation of planetary boundary layer air but with substantial differences between the urban and the rural site. The data analysis, including a principal component analysis (PCA) on the size-resolved dataset of chemical concentrations, indicated that the photochemical oxidation of inorganic and organic gaseous precursors was an important mechanism of secondary aerosol formation at both sites. In addition, at the rural site a second formation process, explaining the largest fraction (22 %) of the total variance, was active at nighttime, especially under stagnant conditions. Nocturnal chemistry in the rural Po Valley was associated with the formation of ammonium nitrate in large accumulation-mode (0.42–1.2 µm) aerosols favored by local thermodynamic conditions (higher relative humidity and lower temperature compared to the urban site). Nocturnal concentrations of fine nitrate were, in fact, on average 5 times higher at the rural site than in Bologna. The water uptake by this highly hygroscopic compound under high RH conditions provided the medium for increased nocturnal aerosol uptake of water-soluble organic gases and possibly also for aqueous chemistry, as revealed by the shifting of peak concentrations of secondary compounds (water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and sulfate) toward the large accumulation mode (0.42–1.2 µm). Contrarily, the diurnal production of WSOC (proxy for secondary organic aerosol) by photochemistry was similar at the two sites but mostly affected the small accumulation mode of particles (0.14–0.42 µm) in Bologna, while a shift to larger accumulation mode was observed at the rural site. A significant increment in carbonaceous aerosol concentration (for both WSOC and water-insoluble carbon) at the urban site was recorded mainly in the quasi-ultrafine fraction (size range 0.05–0.14 µm), indicating a direct influence of traffic emissions on the mass concentrations of this range of particles.
Variable motion/force transmissibility of a metamorphic parallel mechanism with reconfigurable 3T and 3R motion

This paper presents a metamorphic parallel mechanism which can switch its motion between pure translation (3T) and pure rotation (3R) motion. This feature stems from a reconfigurable Hooke (rT) joint of which one of the rotation axes can be altered freely. More than that, based on the reconfiguration of the rT joint, workspace of both 3T and 3R motion can be tunable and the rotation center of the 3R motion can be controlled along a line perpendicular to the base plane. Kinematics analysis is presented based on the geometric constraint of the parallel mechanism covering both 3T and 3R motion. Following these screw theory based motion/force transmission equations are obtained and their characteristics are investigated and linked to the singularity analysis using Jacobian matrix. Motion/force transmission indices can be used to optimize basic design parameters of the metamorphic parallel mechanism. This provides reference of this mechanism for potential applications requiring 3T and 3R motion.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Canonical heights for correspondences

The canonical height associated to a polarized endomorphism of a projective variety, constructed by Call and Silverman and generalizing the Néron–Tate height on a polarized abelian variety, plays an important role in the arithmetic theory of dynamical systems. We generalize this construction to polarized correspondences, prove various fundamental properties, and show how the global canonical height decomposes as an integral of a local height over the space of absolute values on the algebraic closure of the field of definition.
Context-Aware Attention Mechanism for Speech Emotion Recognition

In this work, we study the use of attention mechanisms to enhance the performance of the state-of-the-art deep learning model in Speech Emotion Recognition (SER). We introduce a new Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based neural network attention model which is able to take into account the temporal information in speech during the computation of the attention vector. The proposed LSTM-based model is evaluated on the IEMOCAP dataset using a 5-fold cross-validation scheme and achieved 68.8% weighted accuracy on 4 classes, which outperforms the state-of-the-art models.
A business case for the Management Standards for stress

The aim of this report is to review the extant literature, in order to determine the extent to which effectively managing some or all of the six key sources of occupational stress, specified in the Management Standards, is associated with beneficial business outcomes. These six stressors, or working conditions, are demands, control, support, relationships, role, and change. The results of meta-analyses and literature reviews lead to the conclusion that there is at least some high quality evidence of a business case for each stressor area, although the case is stronger for some working conditions. Evidence is greatest for control, where even intervention studies show that targeted lowimpact change programmes, which essentially applied the Management Standard of control, have significant, and very meaningful, effects on business outcomes. The business case appears weakest for demands. In particular, high demands only have meaningful and consistent deleterious effects on business outcomes in laboratory experiments. In actual work organisations, high demands are not a good predictor of any business outcome, except when they are accompanied by lower levels of control.
Epistemic Stance Taking in Chinese Media Discourse

This study inspects how Chinese epistemic modality is responsive to the participant stance and communicative intention of the press. Results indicate predominant presence of epistemic adverbs in local news as compared with business and politics news. They are also more favored in reflective comments and quoted statements than factual descriptions. However, occurring preferences vary between epistemic subclasses. Speculative outnumbers assertive across different subject matters. Speculative also features a greater frequency than assertive as journalists narrate, comment and quote. These distributional tendencies suggest a stronger sense of stance marking carried by assertive than speculative. This in turn reflects a heavier responsibility journalists take as delivering knowledge with a higher level of commitment. It is concluded that journalists make a strategic choice of epistemic markers to attain distinct forces of stance taking. The findings substantiate the role of semantic constructs as an account for cognitive pragmatics.
A RECOGNITION ALGORITHM TO DETECT PIPE WELD DEFECTS

Preliminary communication Taking magnetic flux leakage (MFL) imaging of pipe weld defects as the research object, a weld defect image recognition algorithm based on greygradient co-occurrence matrix (GGCM) and cluster analysis and mathematical morphology is proposed. Recognition of different types of welding defects was achieved. Firstly, a continuous non-contact scanning MFL system for the pipe weld was used to collect the three-dimensional MFL. Secondly, the three-dimensional MFL signal was converted to a two-dimensional greyscale image. Then the MFL image characteristics of the two-dimensional grayscale image were extracted using GGCM. Based on extracted image features, the characteristic quantity was analysed by using k-means clustering and then through the combination of histogram equalization, Otsu’s method of binaryzation, morphologically removing small objects, edge detection, and then structuring a morphologically optimized edge extraction method for edge detection on the grayscale. Through combination of several methods, a new algorithm to improve the detection effect was structured. The results indicated that this algorithm is adaptable and practical. This algorithm solved difficulties associated with the MFL method being used in the weld testing to realize the recognition of pipe weld defects and break through the applicable limitations of traditional signal processing technology.
Independence of hecke zeta functions of finite order over normal fields

We study oscillations of the remainder term corresponding to the counting functions of the sets of elements with unique factorization length in semigroups of algebraic numbers such as the semigroup of algebraic integers or totally positive algebraic integers in a given normal field K. The results imply existence of oscillations when the exponent of the class group of the semigroup in question is sufficiently large depending on the field's degree. In particular, when K is a quadratic field or a normal cubic field oscillations exist whenever the class group is not isomorphic to C 2 a ⊕ C 3 b ⊕ C 4 c for nonnegative integers a,b,c. The main part of this study is concerned with the problem of multiplicative independence of Hecke zeta functions. We also show that there are infinitely many fields whose Dedekind zeta function has infinitely many nontrivial multiple zeros.
Variation in the sexual behaviour of natural clones of Achnanthes longipes (Bacillariophyta)

Monoecious, bisexual and unisexual clones of Achnanthes longipes were isolated from the Black Sea and studied in laboratory culture. Clones differed in their growth characteristics : in monoecious clones the cells formed tufted aggregations while in other clones they were more dispersed. Bisexual and unisexual clones exhibited intraclonal (monoecious) reproduction, but only at a very low frequency and usually within a more restricted size range than in monoecious clones. Interclonal crosses were made in all possible pairwise combinations. Abundant auxosporulation took place in all crosses, except where unisexual clones of the same sex were incubated together. Auxosporulation was more vigorous and occurred over a wider size range in interclonal crosses than during monoecious reproduction. Sexual reproduction is isogamous. In the commonest pattern of auxosporulation, two paired gametangia each produce two gametes, which fuse to give two auxospores. More rarely (9% of pairs), the gametangia produce only one .
Framed moduli and Grassmannians of submodules

In this work we study a realization of moduli spaces of framed quiver representations as Grassmannians of submodules devised by Marcus Reineke. Obtained is a generalization of this construction for finite dimensional associative algebras and for quivers with oriented cycles. As an application we get an explicit realization of fibers for the moduli space bundle over the categorical quotient for the quiver $A_{n-1}^{(1)}$.