Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACCORDANCE BETWEEN CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGIC FINDINGS OF NASAL BONE FRACTURE

Amac: Calismamizin amaci nazal kemik kirigi (NKK) olan hastalarda fizik muayene ile duz grafi bulgularini karsilastirmakti. Yontem: Calismada, 2014-2016 yillari arasinda supheli nazal kemik frakturu tanisi alan 403 hastanin dosyalari retrospektif olarak incelendi. Ucuncu basamak hastanemizde, burun kemigi travmasi olan hastalar Travmatoloji ve Acil Cerrahi basvurusunun ardindan, NKK suphesiyle lateral burun radyografisi ile Kulak Burun Bogaz Servisi’ne konsulte edilmektedir. Hastalarin bulgulari krepitasyon, sislik, aks devisyonu ve septal hematom/kirik varligina; radyolojik bulgulara ve travmanin nedenine gore kategorize edildi. Bulgular: Nazal kemik kirigi suphesi nedeniyle degerlendirilen 403 hastanin 274 u erkek ve 129 u kadin olup; medyan yas 25 ± 18.7 idi. (aralik; 2-106 yas) Pozitif klinik ve radyolojik bulgular arasindaki korelasyonu analiz ettigimizde radyolojik verilerde; krepitasyon 155/156 (% 99.3), aks deviasyonu 135/142 (%95), septal hematom 4/5 (% 80), sislik 103/134 (% 76.8), laserasyon 60/93 (%64.5) ve burun kanamasi 7/14(% 50) oraninda tespit edildi. Krepitasyon, aks deviasyonu ve sislik ile radyolojik degerlendirme arasindaki korelasyon istatistiksel olarak anlamli bulundu. Sonuc: Fizik muayene ile burun kemiginin krepitasyonu, aks deviasyonu ve burun dorsumunun sismesi ile kirik bulgusu pozitif olan duz X-ray goruntuleme arasinda anlamli korelasyon gostermistir. Bu sonuclarin, ozellikle kalabalik acil servislerde tani yontemleri icin pratik bir potansiyele sahip olabilecegine ve zaman kazandiracagina inaniyoruz. Anahtar kelimeler : Burun; krepitasyon; epistaksis; nazal; nazal kemik kirigi; direk grafi; septal hematom; travma .
Questionnaire-based study related to the level of awareness and knowledge about oral cancer among Turkish patients with dental diseases in 2018

BACKGROUND AND AIM : In this study, the awareness and knowledge level of oral cancer (OC) was assessed among a group of patients with dental problems in Turkey. METHODS : 509 individuals at the ages of ≥18 years, who attended to School of Dentistry of the Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey, were included in the study. To assess the respondents’ awareness and knowledge of OC, a self-administered questionnaire with 30 items was used. Some socio-demographic characteristics and smoking/alcohol habits of respondents were also asked. The data were analyzed by calculating percentages, frequency distributions, and chi-square test to assess significance. The statistical significance level was set at P < 0.050. RESULTS : In total, 61.9% of the respondents were informed of OC with no significant differences by sex (P = 0.660). Only 31.6% of the respondents reported knowledge on OC. The respondents who claimed to have some knowledge about OC, identified non-healing ulcer as early sign and smoking as risk factor as 35.4% and 48.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION : The present study indicated an overall insufficiency of awareness and knowledge concerning OC among the subjects among a group of Turkish people with dental problems. It is recommended that effective health education programs be emphasized for the recognition of OC in Turkey.
Clinical profile of SUNCT/SUNA in Japan: A clinic-based study

Objectives: This study aimed to report the clinical profiles of patients with short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT)/short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic (SUNA) in a Japanese population by surveying those enrolled at a regional headache center in Japan. Methods: In this consecutive case series study, the clinical characteristics of patients with SUNCT (eight men, three women; mean age: 59.5 ± 20.5 years) and SUNA (five men, four women; mean age: 51.3 ± 18.4 years) who visited Tominaga Hospital from February 2011 to January 2017 were examined. Headaches were diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, Third edition (ICHD-3) guidelines. Results: Brief clusters of separate attacks were reported by all patients. The mean duration of attacks was 91.9 ± 87.9 s. Ipsilateral rhinorrhea was observed in 9 of 20 (45.0%) cases and facial sweating was observed in 1 of 20 (5.0%) cases. An eminent response to lamotrigine was observed in 9 of 9 (100%) patients; however, adverse events were only reported in 2 of 9 (22.2%) cases. An intravenous infusion of lidocaine was demonstrated to be completely successful for short-term prevention in 5 of 6 (83.3%) SUNCT cases. Conclusions: Lamotrigine can successfully treat most patients, and intravenous lidocaine is useful for the short-term preventive therapy of severe recalcitrant attacks in Japanese patients with SUNCT/SUNA.
Sociodemographic and health characteristics of formal and informal caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract Objective: to evaluate and compare the sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, anxiety and perceived stress of formal and informal caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer's disease. Method: Quantitative, cross-sectional and comparative study with 44 caregivers that were divided into two groups of 26 informal caregivers (IC) and 18 formal caregivers (FC). The Instrument for Characterization of the Caregiver, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were applied. Results: Of those IC, the majority were women (96.2%), mean age of 52.9 years, majority represented by sons (daughters) (65.4%). They presented, on average, depressive symptoms (10.1%), anxiety symptoms (11.5%) and scored 32.1 in the PSS. The FC group, the majority were women (94.4%), mean age of 45.2 years were not related to the elderly people (66.7%). They presented, on average, depressive symptoms (7.1%), anxiety symptoms (6.4%) and scored 31.7 in the PSS. Conclusion: Similarities were shown in the sociodemographic aspects, but the groups differ in the health profile, revealing an alert for the planning of interventions looking for health promotion and disease prevention. Implications for practice: The study contributes to the improvement of the caregivers´ quality of life.
A polymyalgia rheumatica-mimicking case with young adult onset

The diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is made primarily on clinical features and laboratory evidence of inflammation. Among the criteria for diagnosing PMR, disease onset at an age of 50 years or over is one of the major premises. The present case with 35-year-old onset showed clinical features of symmetric proximal myalgias (shoulder and pelvic girdle) with pronounced stiffness for more than 3 weeks, morning stiffness lasting more than 45 minutes combined with laboratory abnormalities (elevated CRP and ESR), and a dramatic improvement with steroid treatment at a low dosage (20mg/day), which is quite compatible with PMR except for the age of onset of the disease. This case shows that PMR-mimicking conditions can occur in patients even under 50 years of age.
Kernels: Regularization and Optimization

This thesis extends the paradigm of machine learning with kernels. This paradigm is based on the idea of generalizing an inner product between vectors to a similarity measure between objects. The kernel implicitly defines a feature mapping between the space of objects and the space of functions, called the reproducing kernel Hilbert space. There have been many successful applications of positive semidefinite kernels in diverse fields. Among the reasons for its success are a theoretically motivated regularization method and efficient algorithms for optimizing the resulting problems. Since the kernel has to effectively capture the domain knowledge in an application, we study the problem of learning the kernel itself from training data. The proposed solution is a kernel on the space of kernels itself, which we called a hyperkernel. This provides a method for regularization via the norm of the kernel. We show that for several machine learning tasks, such as binary classification, regression and novelty detection, the resulting optimization problem is a semidefinite program. We solve the corresponding optimization problems using the same parameter settings across all problems, and demonstrate that we have further automated machine learning methods. We observe that the restriction for kernels to be positive semidefinite can be removed. The non-positive kernels, called indefinite kernels, have corresponding functional theory, and define reproducing kernel Krĕin spaces. We derive machine learning problems with indefinite kernels and prove the representer theorem as well as generalization error bounds. We provide theoretical and experimental evidence to support the idea of regularization by early stopping of conjugate gradient type algorithms. Conjugate gradient type algorithms are iterative methods that generate solutions in Krylov subspaces, and exhibit semi-convergence. We analyse the sequence of Krylov subspaces that determine the associated filter function on the spectrum of the inverse problem, and quantitatively investigate semi-convergence. These algorithms are then used for machine learning with indefinite kernels.
An error detection and correction framework to improve large vocabulary continuous speech recognition

This thesis proposes an error detection and correction (ED-EC) framework to incorporate advanced linguistic knowledge sources into large vocabulary continuous speech recognition. Previous efforts that apply sophisticated language models (LMs) in speech recognition normally face a serious efficiency problem due to the intense computation required by these models. The ED-EC framework aims to achieve the full benefit of complex linguistic sources while at the same time maximize efficiency. The framework attempts to only apply computationally expensive LMs where needed in input speech. First, the framework detects recognition errors in the output of an efficient state-of-the-art decoding procedure. Then, it corrects the detected errors with the aid of sophisticated LMs by (1) creating alternatives for each detected error and (2) applying advanced models to distinguish among the alternatives. In this thesis, we implement a prototype of the ED-EC framework on the task of Mandarin dictation. This prototype detects recognition errors based on generalized word posterior probabilities, selects alternatives for errors from recognition lattices generated during decoding and adopts an advanced LM that combines mutual information, word trigrams and POS trigrams. The experimental results indicate the practical feasibility of the ED-EC framework, for which the optimal gain of the focused LM is theoretically achievable at low computational cost. On a general-domain test set, a 6.0% relative reduction in character error rate (CER) over the performance of a state-of-the-art baseline recognizer is obtained. In terms of efficiency, while both the detection of errors and the creation of alternatives are efficient, the application of the computationally expensive LM is concentrated on less than 50% of the utterances. We further demonstrate that the potential benefit of using the ED-EC framework in improving the recognition performance is tremendous. If error detection is perfect and alternatives for an error are guaranteed to include the correct one, the relative CER reduction over the baseline performance will increase to 36.0%. We also illustrate that the ED-EC framework is robust on unseen data and can be conveniently extended to other recognition systems. In addition to the ED-EC framework, this thesis proposes a discriminative lattice rescoring (DLR) algorithm to facilitate the investigation of the extensibility of the framework. The DLR method recasts a discriminative n-gram model as a pseudo-conventional n-gram model and then uses this recast model to perform lattice rescoring. DLR improves the efficiency of discriminative n-gram modeling and facilitates combined processing of discriminative n-gram modeling with other post-processing techniques such as the ED-EC framework.
CONSOLIDATING TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES OF TRANSFER OF LEARNING: A FRAMEWORK AND IMPLICATIONS +

A diverse set of theoretical perspectives has informed the study of transfer of learning. While transfer has traditionally been defined as the ability to apply what is learned in one context to a different context, over the last decade or so some researchers have expanded their view of transfer and have begun examining transfer from the point of view of knowledge construction rather than knowledge application, per se. Here we ask the question: Can these two seemingly different perspectives be consolidated into a broader overarching theoretical framework? If so, what will such a framework look like and what are its implications for research and instruction? In this paper we begin to address some of these questions and present the beginnings of a framework that we believe might provide a lens in examining transfer of learning.
Histopathological profile of patients diagnosed with malignant tumors assisted in a
 hospital of reference of Agreste Pernambucano

Cancer is considered a public health problem and is commonly known because of its high mortality rate worldwide. The histopathological evaluation is a fundamental requirement to determine the nature of the lesion, thus it is considered the gold standard examination for diagnosis of neoplasia. The present study aims to evaluate the histopathological profile of patients with malignant tumors diagnosed at a reference hospital in the Agreste Pernambucano. A cross-sectional, descriptive study of a quantitative documentary survey was conducted using the database of the clinical analysis laboratory of the referred Hospital in the field of pathology in the year 2016. A total of 74 cases were selected, and the male gender was the most affected. The age group of patients with the highest prevalence was between 50 and 70 years of age. Clinical characteristics: The most prevalent anatomical location with tumors was both the colon/rectum (30%) and skin (30%). The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma (47.2%). The pathological profile of cancer patients in the region studied were characterized, which served as a database for future epidemiological studies and as a subsidy for the implementation of preventive public policies for the population of this region.
A Review on the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Administrative Data in Surgery Outcome Studies

Administrative data is considered to be the information which is collected primarily for administrative purposes and not for research purposes. In most cases this type of data is collected by government departments or other types of organizations for the purposes of registration, transaction and record keeping, usually during the delivery of a service. The use of administrative data in the field of surgery data has grown popular for measuring the specific results of a procedure, the results of a surgery performed in a large population, and for estimating health economic costs. The use of this type of data is now allowing us to compare the results published by specific surgeons and those that occur in more large population samples. Furthermore, the use of administrative data analysis may help to find less commonly occurring outcomes that are found in larger populations, but are very difficult to quantify in smaller case series. Using administrative data may help defining the population risk level of adverse outcomes, such as complications after gastric bypass, but it shows clear limitation when we are trying to find the factors behind these outcomes [1].
Relationship of morningness-eveningness questionnaire score to ferritin, gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase and alanine amino-transferase concentrations in a large cohort

Daily rhythms in circulating levels of various biochemical, endocrine factors and behavioural processes such as sleep/wake are controlled by the master central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus.2–5 The SCN distributes its rhythmic signal to all tissues of the body that in turn will act as peripheral circadian oscillators although it is unclear how these multiple rhythms are coupled together to form a coherent system.6,7 Circadian preference or chronotypes, is another individual trait that modulates the preferred timing of sleep behaviour.8 Definite objective physiological differences between chronotypes have been reported demonstrating that individuals differ in their biological rhythms according to their subjective preferences for daytime. Diurnal morning and evening types varied in their circadian rhythms of urinary catecholamine excretion9,10 and a number of biological parameters are associated with the Morningness-Eveningness chronotypes as defined by the Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire (MEQ),8 including body temperature, cortisol rhythm, melatonin secretion, sleep patterns, and sleep architecture.11–17
Is Appendectomy Performed Early for Patients with Acute Appendicitis: Single Centre Experience

Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common emergency disease that requires surgery [1]. There are some studies that have highlighted the medical treatment of AA and reported that delayed surgery did not result in morbidity and complications in both paediatric and adult age group [2-6]. However, several studies have showed that any delay in surgery would lead to postoperative morbidity and complications [7-9]. Performing appendectomy early or delayed still a controversial issue. Our aim of study to assess the practice of offering early appendectomy to patients with acute appendicitis in our centre and compare between early and delayed appendectomies with respect to complications.
Early Effect of Right Ventricular Apical Pacing On Left Ventricular Twist

Abstract Objective: The study aimed to assess the short-term effects of apical RV pacing on LV function and twist mechanics using speckle tracking echocardiography. Background: The myofibers of the heart has geometric orientation that induces its characteristic wringing motion around its long axis during contraction leading to the systolic LV twist. This motion is created by the apical and basal rotations that are oppositely directed and has an important role in regulation of LV function. Several studies have demonstrated that LV systolic function and mechanics had delayed deterioration after RV apical pacing with limited data regarding the acute effects. Methods: This study was conducted on Twenty-Four patients who were indicated for pacemaker insertion due to complete heart block. Echocardiographic examination was done to measure the LV dimensions and ejection fraction (EF) before and 24 hours after RV apical pacing. LV twist changes were assessed by using speckle tracking imaging modality. Results: Our study showed that the LV end diastolic dimension has a significant reduction acutely after RV apical pacing (p value=0.001) while the end systolic dimension significantly increased (p value=0.003). EF significantly decreased after pacing (p value=0.001). Also there was a significant reduction in LV apical rotation (p value=0.001), basal rotation (p value=0.012) and torsion (p value=0.034). Conclusion: Pacing of RV apex impairs the LV rotational mechanics acutely which subsequently have a detrimental effect on LV function.
Возрастные особенности иммунитета к вирусу кори у работников крупного больничного комплекса мегаполиса

The aims of the study were to examine age-related features of immune response to measles virus in staff of a large city hospital and to define groups at risk for measles outbreaks. Methods. The study involved 1,855 staff members of a large city hospital aged ≥ 19 years old who had documented vaccination against measles or a history of measles. The participants were divided into age groups with 5-year intervals starting from 19 years of age; there were 11 groups in total. The immune response to measles virus was measured in sera by ELISA using Vector-Best IgG-Kor test system (Russia). Results. Young employers of 19 to 23 years of age were most susceptible to measles; protective antibody level was not detected in 38.5% of them. They were followed by young-to-middle-aged workers (24 to 48 years old) who were negative for anti-measles antibodies or had non-protective level of antibodies in 16.7% to 27.5%. The anti-measles antibody level was low (42.3 % to 60.0 %) in employers of 19 to 43 years of age and gradually increased to 46.3% – 92.2% in the group of 44 to 68 years old. Conclusion. Herd immunity against measles in employers of a large city hospital did not meet requirements for successful infection control which implicates ≤ 7% of seronegative individuals. This means that measles outbreak could occur at any time because the proportion of seronegative individuals (11.5%) twice exceeded the cut-off value; the antibody level was controversial in 3.2% of individuals. Therefore, monitoring anti-measles antibody level in hospital staff is necessary to detect groups at risk who should be vaccinated against measles.
Performance evaluation of an improved ARQ technique to control errors in integrated service packet networks

In this communication we consider a modification of the M-bunched protocol proposed for an integrated services packet network (ISPN). The modification we propose explores more effectively the redundancy present in the M-1 repetitions of the retransmission. A performance analysis of the protocol is performed which shows significant improvements relative to the original specially in noisy channels. The performance study of the protocol is then extended to an ISPN scenario and the region by region connection is compared to the end to end.
Effect of Supplemental Oxygen on Blood Pressure in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (SOX). A Randomized Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Withdrawal Trial

Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with systemic hypertension. Either overnight intermittent hypoxia, or the recurrent arousals that occur in OSA, could cause the daytime increases in blood pressure (BP). Objectives: To establish the role of intermittent hypoxia in the increased morning BP in patients with OSA. Methods: Randomized, double‐blinded, crossover trial assessing the effects of overnight supplemental oxygen versus air (sham) on morning BP, after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) withdrawal in patients with moderate to severe OSA. The primary outcome was the change in home morning BP after CPAP withdrawal for 14 nights, oxygen versus air. Secondary outcomes included oxygen desaturation index (ODI), apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), subjective sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale score), and objective sleepiness (Oxford Sleep Resistance Test). Measurements and Main Results: Supplemental oxygen virtually abolished the BP rise after CPAP withdrawal and, compared with air, significantly reduced the rise in mean systolic BP (−6.6 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI], −11.3 to −1.9; P = 0.008), mean diastolic BP (−4.6 mm Hg; 95% CI, −7.8 to −1.5; P = 0.006), and median ODI (−23.8/h; interquartile range, −31.0 to −16.3; P < 0.001) after CPAP withdrawal. There was no significant difference, oxygen versus air, in AHI, subjective sleepiness, or objective sleepiness. Conclusions: Supplemental oxygen virtually abolished the rise in morning BP during CPAP withdrawal. Supplemental oxygen substantially reduced intermittent hypoxia, but had a minimal effect on markers of arousal (including AHI), subjective sleepiness, or objective sleepiness. Therefore intermittent hypoxia, and not recurrent arousals, appears to be the dominant cause of daytime increases in BP in OSA.
Word length: aspects and languages

The article presents some evaluations of four aspects of word length in different languages and compares both models and data: distribution, smoothness, word length in sentence, word length in text. A general discussion of the theoretical background is offered. As is shown, even these four problems require great teams, in order to bring elementary concepts and decisions. The number of co-authors should not surprise: everybody did what (s)he could.