Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Helioseismic Studies of Differential Rotation in the Solar Envelope by the Solar Oscillations Investigation Using the Michelson Doppler Imager

The splitting of the frequencies of the global resonant acoustic modes of the Sun by large-scale flows and rotation permits study of the variation of angular velocity Ω with both radius and latitude within the turbulent convection zone and the deeper radiative interior. The nearly uninterrupted Doppler imaging observations, provided by the Solar Oscillations Investigation (SOI) using the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft positioned at the L1 Lagrangian point in continuous sunlight, yield oscillation power spectra with very high signal-to-noise ratios that allow frequency splittings to be determined with exceptional accuracy. This paper reports on joint helioseismic analyses of solar rotation in the convection zone and in the outer part of the radiative core. Inversions have been obtained for a medium-l mode set (involving modes of angular degree l extending to about 250) obtained from the first 144 day interval of SOI-MDI observations in 1996. Drawing inferences about the solar internal rotation from the splitting data is a subtle process. By applying more than one inversion technique to the data, we get some indication of what are the more robust and less robust features of our inversion solutions. Here we have used seven different inversion methods. To test the reliability and sensitivity of these methods, we have performed a set of controlled experiments utilizing artificial data. This gives us some confidence in the inferences we can draw from the real solar data. The inversions of SOI-MDI data have confirmed that the decrease of Ω with latitude seen at the surface extends with little radial variation through much of the convection zone, at the base of which is an adjustment layer, called the tachocline, leading to nearly uniform rotation deeper in the radiative interior. A prominent rotational shearing layer in which Ω increases just below the surface is discernible at low to mid latitudes. Using the new data, we have also been able to study the solar rotation closer to the poles than has been achieved in previous investigations. The data have revealed that the angular velocity is distinctly lower at high latitudes than the values previously extrapolated from measurements at lower latitudes based on surface Doppler observations and helioseismology. Furthermore, we have found some evidence near latitudes of 75° of a submerged polar jet which is rotating more rapidly than its immediate surroundings. Superposed on the relatively smooth latitudinal variation in Ω are alternating zonal bands of slightly faster and slower rotation, each extending some 10° to 15° in latitude. These relatively weak banded flows have been followed by inversion to a depth of about 5% of the solar radius and appear to coincide with the evolving pattern of "torsional oscillations" reported from earlier surface Doppler studies.
Mechanisms of acid-base excretion across the gills of a marine fish

Na+/H+ and Cl–/HCO3–exchanges in the branchial epithelium are thought to be primarily responsible for acid-base transfers in fish. Several different cellular mechanisms have been proposed to drive these exchanges in fresh water and marine species. We measured the acid-base balance and net H+ transfers (ΔH+) in the marine long-horned sculpin (Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus) following acidosis. ΔH+ was determined in different groups of acid loaded (2–3 meq kg–1) animals which were: 1) adapted to seawater (SW); 2) adapted to 20% SW; 3) exposed to water with artificially low [Na+] or [Cl–]; 4) exposed to water containing 1 × 10–4 M amiloride, 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)-amiloride (HMA), or 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS). Both seawater and 20% SW adapted fish were able to completely compensate for the infused load and over 24 hours typically over-excreted more than 2× the amount infused. A 30% decrease in plasma PCO2 following the metabolic acidosis in sculpin adpated to 20% SW (presumably secondary to respiratory alterations) contributed to the rapid recovery of blood pH. Low ambient [Na+] reversed normal acid excretion to an uptake (HCO3– loss; even after acid infusion). 20–30 mM Na+ in the water was necessary to induce a positive ΔH+. A reversible inhibition of ΔH+ was also observed in sculpin exposed to either amiloride or HMA during the acidosis. In contrast, low [Cl–] or DIDS enhanced ΔH+ excretion. We conclude that net H+ excretion measured following acidosis in these seawater or brackish water adapted animals is the sum of parallel (and counter acting) apical gill Na+/H+ and Cl–/HCO3– exchanges. The Na+/H+ transfers are most likely via an antiporter of the NHE family and occur on the background of continued “band-3” Cl–/HCO3– exchange. J. Exp. Zool. 279:509–520, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Longitudinal Study of Association between Dietary Patterns and Hypertension in Adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

This study aimed to investigate whether dietary pattern associate with hypertension and which dietary pattern have protective role in development of hypertension.1787 healthy subjects (718 men and 1069 women) Participants in Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study who had normal blood pressure were enrolled in study. Weight and height of participants was measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Blood pressure was taken on the right arm. Physical activity levels were assessed using Krista's physical activity questionnaire. Dietary data was collected by validated semi-quantitative FFQ. Using factor analysis we extract 3 dietary food patterns: healthy, western and mix. The healthy dietary pattern was negatively associated with elevated systolic blood pressure in model 2 and 3 (odds ratio: 0.74 (0.56-0.98) and 0.74 (0.56-0.97) respectively, P =0.03 for both). Neither the healthy dietary pattern in crude model nor western dietary pattern in crude model and after adjustment for covariates, were associated with incidence of hypertension. We found that adherence to healthy dietary pattern cause 26 % reduction in hypertension incidence risk. Since the hypertension consider as independent risk factor for heart and kidney diseases, Strategies to reduce the
Causes and consequences of linguistic complexity in non-U.S. firm conference calls

We examine the determinants and capital market consequences of linguistic complexity in conference calls held in English by non-U.S. firms. We find that linguistic complexity is positively associated with the language barrier in the firms’ home country. Also, linguistic complexity in firms’ conference calls affects the extent to which the capital market reacts to the information releases. Firms with more linguistic complexity in their conference calls show less trading volume and price movement following the information releases, after controlling for the actual earnings news. Further, the capital market’s response to linguistic complexity is more pronounced when there is greater implicit (as captured by the presence of foreign investors) or explicit (as captured by how actively analysts ask questions) demand for the English conference calls. This suggests that the form in which financial information is presented can impose additional processing costs by limiting investors’ ability to interpret the reported financials. We are grateful for helpful comments by seminar participants at London Business School. We acknowledge financial support from the Division of Research at the Harvard Business School. Patricia Naranjo is also grateful for financial support from the Deloitte & Touche Foundation and from MIT Sloan School of Management. All errors are our own.
Intellectual capital disclosure, cost of finance and firm value

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the impact of web‐based intellectual capital (IC) reporting on firm's value and its cost of finance.Design/methodology/approach – A content‐analysis of corporate web sites is conducted from four continental European countries (Belgium, France, Germany and The Netherlands) on the presence of IC information. Simultaneous regression modelling is used to control for endogeneity within a firm's disclosure strategy.Findings – The data show that cross‐sectional differences in the extent of IC disclosure are positively associated with firm value. Greater IC disclosure in continental Europe is associated with lower information asymmetry, lower implied cost of equity capital and lower rate of interest paid.Research limitations/implications – The study is restricted to an analysis of firm's benefits of increased web‐based disclosure without considering related costs.Practical implications – The results of the study show that firms tend to benefit economic.
Kappamyces , a new genus in the Chytridiales (Chytridiomycota)

A new genus for a chytrid member of the Rhizophydium clade is described. Many Rhizophydium clade members exhibit simple and variable thallus morphology, and thus some species may be identical, while others may be members of species complexes and represent distinct genera. A minute chytrid found colonizing pollen grains had zoospore ultrastructure and a sequence of the large subunit ribosomal rRNA gene different from the molecular constitution of 22 isolates in the core Rhizophydium clade. Unlike typical Rhizophydium zoospores, the zoospore of Kappamyces laurelensis gen. et sp. nov. lacked a rumposome, kinetosome-associated electron-opaque spur, and kinetosome-associated microtubular root. Distinct from the typical Rhizophydium zoospore, the kinetosome abutted a single mitochondrion, both the kinetosome and non-flagellated centriole had an electron-opaque core composed of dense material, and a ring of distinct vesicles surrounded the kinetosome. In a parsimony analysis of large subunit rRNA gene sequences, a grouping of K. laurelensis and two other isolates were sister to the core Rhizophydium clade, and both the K. laurelensis group and the core Rhizophydium clade had 100% bootstrap support. The zoospore of K. laurelensis may be the simplest type of zoospore in the Chytridiales.
Early Career Research Production in Economics: Does Mentoring Matter?

We assess the role played by advisory supervision on the early stage productivity of recent PhDs in economics using a tailor-made data set based on RePEc. After allowing for the potential effects of other relevant determinants, including gender and field of specialisation, we find as expected that both advisory quality and rank of the graduation institution are positively related to the academic productivity of graduates. However, students in top institutions do not benefit from working with the most productive academics, unless they become co-authors. For students in non-top institutions, being advised by the best academics is always associated with a higher research output. Possible explanations for this difference can be advising styles, with advisors in top-institutions devoting less time to their advisees unless they are co-authors, or a larger role of learning from peers, relative to advisors, in top-institutions.
What can advertisers learn from neuroscience?

The insights of neuroscience are only just becoming available for the study of advertising. This paper seeks to consolidate the contribution so far. Advertising works in two ways: it may trigger some immediate response and/or change the respondent’s brand memories in some way that influences later behaviour. This paper addresses the latter process. In other words, advertising first changes brand equity, and brand equity, in turn, later affects behaviour. The paper outlines the four main techniques of functional brain imaging and reported research in this area, its limitations and the opportunities for new research. Whether the contribution to date is seen as modest or substantive is a lesser question than what neuroscience could do for our longer-term understanding of how advertising works. Neuroscientists and advertisers need to work together so that research investigates how ads are processed, how brand memories are stored and the subsequent behaviour effects relative to the intentions of the advertisers.
Nutrigenetic traits analysis for the identification of nutritionally efficient silkworm germplasm breeds.

In order to amalgamate the effects of nutrition and its efficiency on genetic traits expression in silkworm germplasm breeds by serial analysis on nutrigenetic traits and utilized as biomarker with an aim to identify nutritionally efficient silkworm germplasm breeds. In the present study, six bivoltine silkworm breeds were subjected for investigation on ingestion, digestion and utilization of dry food matter in single silkworm larva and its sharing on economically important stages larva, cocoon and shell weight in 5th stage. It was resolved that low consumption with high conversion efficiency of food ingested in silkworm breeds on nineteen nutrigenetic traits analyzed by standard gravimetric method with the aid of INDOSTAT software to understand the nutrigenomic divergence among the silkworm germplasm breeds against different seasons. Results indicated that higher conversion efficiency was observed in most of the new silkworm breeds for Efficiency of Conversion of Ingesta (ECI) to cocoon and shell than control (APS ) as leaf cocoon and leaf-shell conversion 8 are the ultimate indices in nutrigenomic analysis. It also demonstrated that relatively smaller amount of Consumption Index (CI), respiration, Metabolic Rate (MR) with superior Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and in relation to quantum of food ingesta and digesta requisite per gram of cocoon and shell found less than the control. This concluded that nutrigenetic traits directly associated to the quantum of food ingesta and digesta gG of cocoon and shell and such nutrigenetic study pragmatically utilized as biomarkers in order to 1 advocate sturdily the following breeds viz., RBD , RBD (peanut type cocoon), RBO , RBO (oval type cocoon) 1 4 2 3 were chosen as highly nutritionally efficient bivoltine silkworm germplasm breeds.
Treatment of Peri-Implantitis with EDTA Decontamination and Application of an Enamel Matrix Protein Derivative - a Report of 3 Cases

Peri-implantitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the ossteointegrated implant, bleeding on probing, suppuration and rapid loss of bone (Hammerle and Lang, 1994; Roos-Jansaker at al, 2003). The lesion is associated with the presence of a subgingival microflora which closely resembles that found in advanced periodontal lesions and contains predominantly Gram-negative anaero b i c rods, fusiform bacteria, motile and curved rods and spirochetes (Roos-Jansaker at al, 2003; Mombelli et al, 1987; Leonhardt et al, 1999, 2003). The contaminated implant is frequently surrounded by a crater-like intrabony defect (RoosJansaker et al, 2003; Leonhardt et al, 2003; Lindhe et al, 1992; Lang et al, 1993; Schou et al, 1993). During the last decade several treatment protocols have been introduced with varying degree of success for treating peri-implant defects. Different therapeutic modalities such as open flap debridement (OFD), the use of systemically or locally administered antimicrobial agents, decontamination of the exposed implant surface, guided tissue regeneration (GTR), with or without the use of bone grafts, have been shown to result in resolution of the inflammatory lesion and even some bone fill of the intrabony defects (Roos-Jansaker et al, 2003; Leonhardt et al, 2003; Lozada et al, 1990; Goldman et al, 1992; Lehmann et al, 1992, Jovanovic, 1993; Jovanovic et al, 1993; Singh et al, 1993; Hurzeler et al, 1995; Hammerle et al, 1995; Ericsson et al, 1996; Persson et al, 1996, 1999, 2001a, 2001b; Wetzel et al, 1999; Hall et al, 1999; Deporter et al, 2001; Khoury and Buchmann, 2001; Schou et al, 2003a, 2003b, 2003c). Histologic studies from animals have, however, indicated that while most of the protocols may result in the resolution of the progressive inflammatory lesion, a re-osseointegration does not predictably occur (Jovanovic et al, 1993; Singh et al, 1993; Hurzeler et al, 1995; Ericsson et al, 1996; Persson et al, 1996, 1999, 2001a, 2001b; Wetzel et al, 1999; Hall et al, 1999; Schou et al, 2003a, 2003b, 2003c). In humans there are only very limited data evaluating different treatment options aiming to reconTreatment of Peri-Implantitis with EDTA Decontamination and Application of an Enamel Matrix Protein Derivative – a Report of 3 Cases
OAGB/MGB for childhood and adolescent patients: a report of 20 cases done at a single centre in India

Background: Morbid obesity has risen in an alarming rate in children and adolescent patients. Bariatric surgery is playing an increasing role in pediatric surgery. However, current evidence is limited regarding its safety and outcome.The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Mini/One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (MGB/OAGB) in treating obesity and its co-morbidities among childhood and adolescent patients.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of patients aged <18 who underwent OAGB/MGB in this series at Mohak Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Center (MBRSC) is a tertiary-care center. The major outcome measures were percent excess body weight loss (%EBWL) over a 2-year follow-up period, resolution of co-morbidities, and occurrence of complications.Results: A total of 20 childhood and adolescent patients underwent the procedure, of which, 11 (55.0%) of being males. The patients had a median age of 15 years (range 6–18). The average age was 15.5±3.17 year (range 6-18 years). The initial average weight and BMI was 112.13±26.52Kgs and 40.86±8.17 kg/m2 respectively. Postoperative average weight loss was 28kgs, 33kgs and 37.2kgs in 6 months, 1st year and 2nd years respectively. The %EBWL at 1st and 2nd years was 75% and 80% respectively. Overall post-operative complication rate was 5.0% (two cases) of which one had gastroesophageal reflux and the other had protein caloric malnutrition. There was no mortality in this series at any time.Conclusions: The OAGB/MGB operation is a safe and effective option for childhood and adolescent patients with severe obesity. There is need for both long-term follow up, prospective, multicentre and larger series studies to confirm the findings in this study.
Reviving the Architectural and Acoustical Theatre Heritage : the Role of ERATO Project

ERATO is a research project (2003-2006) entitled „Identification, Evaluation and Revival of the Acoustical Heritage of Ancient Theatres and Odea‟ that was implemented within the Fifth Framework INCO-MED Programme of the European Commission, under the thematic title „Preserving and Using Cultural Heritage‟. The project was designed to identify virtual restoration and the revival of the acoustical and architectural heritage. In fact, the ancient theatre in its many aspects has attracted a great deal of interest in the recent years. Some of them are still in use today. However, understanding that we are dealing with man-made space designed for dialogue between audience and actors, the subject of the acoustical qualities should be considered as an important component of theatres and odea. Though, the most critical issue in the conservation and restoration of those monuments is how to create a sense of space in the theatre, where the acoustical reflections and the visual imagery are fundamental components. This paper attempts to discuss some new aspects concerning the approach for conservation and restoration of these monuments. It argues that the conservation and restoration of acoustical characteristics, and in order to take advantage of the acoustical design of ancient theatres and odea should be considered as the most important support for the conservation process. It also attempts to evaluate, how conservation and restoration of ancient theaters and odea can enhance and preserve their authentic scientific information, since the cultural significance of many theatres and odea is not readily apparent.
Electrochemical properties of GdBaCo 2 / 3 Fe 2 / 3 Cu 2 / 3 O 5 + d – CGO composite cathodes for solid oxide fuel cell

The composite cathodes of double-perovskite structure of xwt. % Ce0.9Gd0. 1O1.95 (CGO)–(100 x)wt. % GdBaCo2/3Fe2/3Cu2/3O5+d (FCGBCO), where x = 0, 10, 20, 40 and 50, were synthesized via a citrate combustion method followed by an organic precipitant method. The thermalexpansion coefficient (TEC) and electrochemical performance of the oxides were investigated as potential cathode materials for intermediatetemperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The TEC exhibited by composite cathode made of 40 wt. % CGO–60 wt. % FC-GBCO (CG40) up to 900 8C is 13.7 10 6 8C , which is lower value than FC-GBCO (16.3 10 6 8C ). The composite cathode of CG40 coated on Ce0.9Gd0. 1O1.95 electrolyte showed the lowest area specific resistance (ASR) i.e., 0.041 V cm at 750 8C. An electrolyte supported (300 mm thick) single-cell configuration of CG40/CGO/Ni-CGO attained a maximum power density of 800 mW cm 2 at 800 8C. The unique composite composition of CG40 exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance, reduced TEC and good chemical compatibility with CGO electrolyte compared with their FCGBCO cathode for IT-SOFCs. # 2011 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r. l. All rights reserved.
Levosimendan Improves NT-proBNP Levels and Echocardiographic Parameters in Patients with Decompensated Heart Failure Submitted to Optimal Medical Therapy

Introduction: The effect of levosimendan on NT-proBNP levels and echocardiographic parameters in patients with decompensated heart failure receiving optimal medical therapy was evaluated. Patients and Methods: The study included 30 patients with acute heart failure with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV. Although all patients had received standard heart failure therapy, they required support of an inotropic agent. They received bolus and maintenance infusion of levosimendan treatment for 24 hours. Echocardiography was performed before the levosimendan treatment and at the 5th day after the treatment. NTproBNP levels were taken at 48th hour and 5th day. Results: Levosimendan treatment (bolus+maintenance infusion) was performed in all patients without any interruption or complication. A significant reduction in NT-proBNP levels was observed at the end of 48 th hour and 5th day compared to baseline values (p<0.001). After the treatment, a significant improvement was observed in NYHA functional class. Significant improvement was observed in both systolic and diastolic echocardiographic parameters including ejection fraction (p<0.001), S’ wave (p=0.03), E/A ratio (p<0.01), deceleration time of E wave (p<0.01), TDI S’ (p<0.01), E’ (p<0.01), and A’ waves (p<0.01), and E/E’ ratio (p<0.01). When the study was grouped into ischemic and nonischemic origin, no significant differences were observed regarding the clinical and echocardiographic parameters. No malignant arrhythmia was observed. Conclusion: Levosimendan may be safely used in normotensive patients with decompensated heart