Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obesity Among Students Attending A Tertiary Institution In Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Obesity is rising to alarming levels around the world. The development of obesity and overweight is usually so slow, and insidious that people hardly notice it is happening. It is genetically related, multifactorial disease of excess fat, progressive, life long with life threatening multiple co-morbidity.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of obesity among students of an educational institution in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.METHOD: This is a cross sectional study conducted during a medical physical examination exercise by students of an educational institution in Port Harcourt, Nigeria in 2008. Weight was measured in kilograms, height in metres and the body mass index calculated.RESULTS: Students who voluntarily participated in this study were 58. Mean age was 24.66 years, mean weight 67.28kg and mean height 1.73m. Two students were underweight, 48 had ideal body weight, 4 overweight and 4 obese.CONCLUSION: Preventing obesity must always be the goal because most obese people find it difficult to maintain any weight loss they have managed to achieve. All health professionals must be aware of the dangers of obesity and encourage children, young as well as older adults from gaining too much weight. A small gain each year over a long period produces an obese individual for when treatment is difficult.
Toward the determination of sufficient mutant operators for C †

Mutation testing (MT) has been found to be effective at revealing faults. However, its high cost of application, due to the high number of mutants created and the effort to determine the equivalent ones, has motivated the proposition of alternative approaches for its application. One of them, named ‘selective mutation’, aims to reduce the number of generated mutants through a reduction in the number of mutant operators. A previous relevant study resulted in the proposition of a sufficient mutant operators set for FORTRAN, indicating that it is possible to have a large cost reduction in MT application, whilst preserving a high MT score. This work investigates procedures for the determination of a sufficient mutant operators set for C programs with the perspective of contributing to the establishment of low‐cost, effective mutation‐based testing strategies. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leadership Communication in a Virtual Team

This paper examines how leadership is accomplished in a virtual team. The data consists of 400 emails from a distributed work group (Agenda) in a Norwegian tele-company. The study has primarily a discursive approach to leadership and aims at identifying what kinds of discursive devices the leader of Agenda uses to create trust and in-group solidarity, and how she, by the linguistic form of her requests, positions her self towards her subordinates. The results show that the leader displays an egalitarian leader role, building personal and emotional ties and downplays her authority. By giving the group a positive loaded nick-name and creating a success story for the group, the leader invites to group identification. Requests are produced as needs and hopes, and presented as a personal matter rather than an institutional obligation. While her institutional role as leader is downplayed when performing requests to her subordinates, it is explicitly fore grounded when performing requests to external partners.
Pré-natal odontológico: acessibilidade e ações ofertadas pela atenção básica de Vitória da Conquista-BA

Objetivo: Buscou-se caracterizar a acessibilidade e acoes executadas no pre-natal odontologico de Vitoria da Conquista (BA) . Metodos: Estudo transversal, com 268 mulheres, gestantes (89,7%) e puerperas (10,3%), usuarias da atencao basica municipal. Procedeu-se a coleta de dados com formulario, englobando atividades prestadas pela equipe de saude bucal as gestantes. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados atraves do SPSS, obtendo-se frequencias absolutas e relativas. Resultados: As mulheres estavam inseridas no pre-natal, realizando frequentemente uma a tres consultas (37,2%), apesar disso, foi expressiva a ausencia de contato com dentista (74,6%). Apenas 25,4% foram inseridas em acoes odontologicas, predominantemente no servico publico (61,0%), dentre as quais 39,0% com visitas pontuais por dor. A participacao em acoes educativas com dentistas foi baixa (12; 17,9%), nas quais 41,7% relataram nao ter oportunidade de emitir opiniao. Informacoes importantes para a saude bucal do bebe foram pouco trabalhadas, tais como: vantagens do aleitamento materno (4,5%), uso de chupeta (36,4%), quando e como realizar a higiene bucal do bebe (47,0% e 40,9% respectivamente), riscos de xaropes acucarados (13,6%) e uso de acucar/mel (28,8%). Conclusao: Nao se observou consolidacao do pre-natal odontologico, devido a baixa participacao em acoes assistenciais, preventivas ou de promocao da saude bucal . Ademais, intervencoes frequentemente se direcionaram para alivio da dor, fora da dimensao integral.
Localization of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase binding sites on bacteriophage S13 and phiX174 DNA: alignment with restriction enzyme maps

Escherichia coli RNA polymerase has been shown to bind to a limited number of Hind and Hae III restriction enzyme fragments. On S13 replicative form DNA there are three major binding sites, and the locations correlate with promoter sites at the beginning of genes a and B and a site overlapping gene D and the beginning of gene E. Two less definite binding sites have been localized, one in gene F and one at the gene G-H junction. In phiX174 replicative form DNA, five sites, each with apparently similar binding properties, have been located, four of which correspond exactly to binding sites in S13. One site, at the beginning of the B gene, could not be assigned to exactly the same location found in S13. This was due in part to differences in the restriction cleavage maps in the area of the DNA and possibly to the higher background of nonspecific binding in the phiX174 experiments. The location of two of the phiX174 sites at the beginning of genes A and D-E corresponds very well with transcription data, but the site at the start of the B gene indicates the promoter site is closer to the initiation sequence of the B protein than was previously suggested on the basis of transcription data.
The influence of high substrate concentrations on microbial kinetics

High substrate concentrations inhibit growth and may distort the metabolism of microorganisms. Mechanisms causing substrate inhibition are discussed and used to derive several mathematical models representative of the entire concentration range, including stimulation of growth by low substrate concentrations. These kinetic models are tested with a variety of batch culture measurements of specific growth rate and respiration rate at widely‐ranging substrate concentrations. Using one of the kinetic models, equations are developed for batch, continuous, and exponential‐feed reactors. Comparison of results obtained in continuous culture with results from exponential‐feed culture systems is shown to offer a novel experimental method for evaluating the effect of the cell age distribution on the properties and metabolic activity of a culture.
Millimeter-Wave Channel Measurements and Analysis for Statistical Spatial Channel Model in In-Building and Urban Environments at 28 GHz

The millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band will be a key component of fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems. This paper presents radio propagation measurements and analysis investigating the wideband directional channel characteristics of the mm-wave transmission for in-building and urban cellular communication systems in the 28-GHz band. Based on the measurements, we analyze and model the spatio-temporal channel characteristics such as multipath delay, angular statistics, and path loss. In particular we investigate the clustering of the multipath components, and investigate both the intra-cluster and inter-cluster distributions. Based on these investigations, we present a complete channel model suitable for system simulations in the in-building and urban environments.
Neuroendocrine Morbidity After Pediatric Optic Gliomas: A Longitudinal Analysis of 166 Children Over 30 Years.

CONTEXT Fifty percent of pediatric low-grade gliomas affect the optic pathway, hypothalamus, and suprasellar areas (OP/HSGs), resulting in significant long-term neuroendocrinopathy. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to dissect tumor- from treatment-related risk factors for OP/HSG-associated neuroendocrinopathy. DESIGN This was a retrospective case notes analysis of 166 children with newly diagnosed OP/HSGs at our quaternary center between 1980 and 2010 by multivariate Cox, linear, and logistic regression. RESULTS Patients were of median (range) age 4.9 (0.2-15.4) years at diagnosis and followed up for 8.3 (0.04-26.8) years. Despite high 20-year overall survival (81.0%), progression-free and endocrine event-free survival (EEFS) were 47.2 and 20.8%, respectively. EEFS declined up to 15 years post-diagnosis, with hypothalamic involvement (P < .001) being implicated more than radiotherapy (P = .008) in earlier endocrinopathy; the reverse being true of its density (radiotherapy P < .001; hypothalamic involvement P = .006). GH deficiency (GHD) was most common (40.3%), followed by central precocious puberty (CPP, 26.0%), gonadotropin (GnD; 20.4%), TSH (13.3%), and ACTH (13.3%) deficiencies. GHD increased with later treatment eras (P < .01), but replacement did not increase progression. CPP was associated with future GnD (P < .05). Posterior pituitary dysfunction (PPD; 7.2%) occurred in 57.9% after only biopsies or shunt procedures, and was associated with 6/13 deaths; 50.2% became obese. Tumor extent, surgery, and increased endocrinopathy, rather than radiotherapy, predicted visuocognitive morbidity. CONCLUSIONS This first longitudinal OP/HSG-specific study demonstrates that hypothalamo-pituitary dysfunction evolves hierarchically over decades. Tumor location predicts its speed of onset and radiotherapy its density. GnD can evolve from previous CPP, whereas life-threatening PPD can occur after any surgery. Our data suggest that recent radiation-avoiding chemotherapeutic strategies have increased GHD without improving survival.
Development and psychometric properties of the DCDDaily: a new test for clinical assessment of capacity in activities of daily living in children with developmental coordination disorder

Objective: To develop the DCDDaily, an instrument for objective and standardized clinical assessment of capacity in activities of daily living (ADL) in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and to investigate its usability, reliability, and validity. Subjects: Five to eight-year-old children with and without DCD. Main measures: The DCDDaily was developed based on thorough review of the literature and extensive expert involvement. To investigate the usability (assessment time and feasibility), reliability (internal consistency and repeatability), and validity (concurrent and discriminant validity) of the DCDDaily, children were assessed with the DCDDaily and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Test, and their parents filled in the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Checklist and Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire. Results: 459 children were assessed (DCD group, n = 55; normative reference group, n = 404). Assessment was possible within 30 minutes and in any clinical setting. For internal consistency, Cronbach’s α = 0.83. Intraclass correlation = 0.87 for test–retest reliability and 0.89 for inter-rater reliability. Concurrent correlations with Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Test and questionnaires were ρ = −0.494, 0.239, and −0.284, p < 0.001. Discriminant validity measures showed significantly worse performance in the DCD group than in the control group (mean (SD) score 33 (5.6) versus 26 (4.3), p < 0.001). The area under curve characteristic = 0.872, sensitivity and specificity were 80%. Conclusions: The DCDDaily is a valid and reliable instrument for clinical assessment of capacity in ADL, that is feasible for use in clinical practice.
Local and Systemic IKKε and NF-κB Signaling Associated with Sjögren's Syndrome Immunopathogenesis

The activated NF-κB signaling pathway plays an important role in pathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) family such as IKKα, IKKβ, IKKγ, and IKKε, is required for this signaling. Our aim was to investigate the role of IKKα/β/γ/ε in patients with untreated pSS. In minor salivary glands from pSS patients, phosphorylated IKKε (pIKKε), pIκBα, and pNF-κB p65 (p-p65) were highly expressed in ductal epithelium and infiltrating mononuclear cells by immunohistochemistry, compared to healthy individuals. pIKKα/β and pIKKγ were both negative. And pIKKε positively related to expression of p-p65. Furthermore, pIKKε and p-p65 expression significantly correlated with biopsy focus score and overall disease activity. Meanwhile, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pSS patients, pIKKε, total IKKε, pIKKα/β, and p-p65 were significantly increased by western blot, compared to healthy controls. However, there was no difference in IKKγ and IκBα between pSS patients and healthy individuals. These results demonstrated an abnormality of IKKε, IκBα, and NF-κB in pSS, suggesting a potential target of treatment for pSS based on the downregulation of IKKε expression and deregulation of NF-κB pathway.
Reliability and validity of a Brazilian version of the Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32) compared to the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ).

OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorders are often not recognized and undertreated. The diagnosis of current or past episodes of hypomania is of importance in order to increase diagnostic certainty. The Hypomania Checklist-32 is a self-applied questionnaire aimed at recognizing these episodes. As part of the international collaborative effort to develop multi-lingual versions of the Hypomania Checklist-32, we aimed to validate the Brazilian version and to compare its psychometric properties with those of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire. METHOD Adult outpatients with bipolar disorder I (n=37), bipolar disorder II (n=44) and major depressive disorder (n=42) of a specialized mood disorder unit were diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR using a modified version of the SCID. We analyzed the internal consistency and discriminative ability of the Hypomania Checklist-32 Brazilian version in relation to the Mood Disorder Questionnaire. RESULTS The internal consistency of the Brazilian Hypomania Checklist-32, analyzed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, was 0.86. A score of 18 or higher in the Hypomania Checklist-32 Brazilian version distinguished between bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, with a sensitivity of 0.75 and a specificity of 0.58, compared to 0.70 and 0.58, respectively, for the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (score>7). The Hypomania Checklist-32 Brazilian version showed a dual factor structure characterized by "active/elated" and "risk-taking/irritable" items. Hence, the Hypomania Checklist-32 Brazilian version was found to have a higher sensitivity but the same specificity as the Mood Disorder Questionnaire. CONCLUSION The Brazilian version of the Hypomania Checklist-32 has adequate psychometric properties and helps discriminating bipolar disorder from major depressive disorder (but not bipolar disorder I from bipolar disorder II) with good sensitivity and specificity indices, similar to those of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire.
Modifiers of stress related to timing of diagnosis in parents of children with complex congenital heart disease

Abstract Objective: Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) reportedly increases parental stress compared with postnatal diagnosis. We investigated the association of timing of diagnosis with parental stress and modifiers of this relationship. Methods: We enrolled parents with a fetus/infant diagnosed prenatally (Group 1) or postnatally (Group 2) with CHD requiring intervention prior to newborn discharge. Parents completed a Basic Symptom Inventory (BSI) – at diagnosis, birth, and follow-up. Adjusted mixed effects regression models compared scores. Results: The BSI was completed by 105 families (Group 1, n = 60 and Group 2, n = 45). On regression modeling, anxiety and global stress were lower in Group 1 (effect size −0.19 to −0.62) at diagnosis and birth though not at follow-up. When stratified by gender, Group 1 scores for anxiety and stress were primarily lower in fathers. Within Group 1, mothers scored higher in all domains and later gestational age at diagnosis was associated with higher anxiety and stress. Conclusions: Contrary to prior reports, parents of prenatally diagnosed infants with CHD had lower anxiety and stress than those diagnosed postnatally after adjusting for severity. Identifying those most vulnerable and modifiable risk factors will allow us to appropriately target psychosocial services for families with a CHD diagnosis.
Reciprocal expression of lin‐41 and the microRNAs let‐7 and mir‐125 during mouse embryogenesis

In C. elegans, heterochronic genes control the timing of cell fate determination during development. Two heterochronic genes, let‐7 and lin‐4, encode microRNAs (miRNAs) that down‐regulate a third heterochronic gene lin‐41 by binding to complementary sites in its 3′UTR. let‐7 and lin‐4 are conserved in mammals. Here we report the cloning and sequencing of mammalian lin‐41 orthologs. We find that mouse and human lin‐41 genes contain predicted conserved complementary sites for let‐7 and the lin‐4 ortholog, mir‐125, in their 3′UTRs. Mouse lin‐41 (Mlin‐41) is temporally expressed in developing mouse embryos, most dramatically in the limb buds. Mlin‐41 is down‐regulated during mid‐embryogenesis at the time when mouse let‐7c and mir‐125 RNA levels are up‐regulated. Our results suggest that mammalian lin‐41 is temporally regulated by miRNAs in order to direct key developmental events such as limb formation. Developmental Dynamics 234:1046–1054, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of the Bacillus subtilis sporulation gene spoVK

The sporulation gene spoVK of Bacillus subtilis was cloned by use of the insertional mutation spoVK::Tn917 omega HU8. The spoVK gene was shown to be the site of an incorrectly mapped mutation called spoVJ517. Thus, a separate spoVJ gene as defined by the 517 mutation does not exist and is instead identical with spoVK.
Effect of normal saline infusion on the diagnostic utility of base deficit in identifying major injury in trauma patients.

BACKGROUND Base deficit (BD) is a reliable marker of metabolic acidosis and is useful in gauging hemorrhage after trauma. Resuscitation with chloride-rich solutions such as normal saline (NS) can cause a dilutional acidosis, possibly confounding the interpretation of BD. OBJECTIVES To test the diagnostic utility of BD in distinguishing minor from major injury after administration of NS. METHODS This was a prospective observational study at a Level 1 trauma center. The authors enrolled patients with significant mechanism of injury and measured BD at triage (BD-0) and at four hours after triage (BD-4). Major injury was defined by any of the following: injury severity score of > or =15, drop in hematocrit of > or = 10 points, or the patient requiring a blood transfusion. Patients were divided into a low-volume (NS < 2L) and a high-volume (NS 2L) group. Data were reported as mean (+/-SD). Student's t- and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves tested the utility of BD-4 in differentiating minor from major injury in the study groups. RESULTS Four hundred eighty-nine trauma patients (mean age, 36 [+/-18] yr) were enrolled; 82% were male, and 34% had penetrating injury. Major-(20%) compared with minor-(80%) injury patients were significantly (p = 0.0001) more acidotic (BD-0 mean difference: -3.3 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -2.5 to -4.2). The high-volume group (n = 174) received 3,342 (+/-1,821) mL, and the low-volume group (n = 315) received 621 (+/-509) mL of NS. Areas under the ROC curves for the high-volume (0.63; 95% CI = 0.52 to 0.74) and low-volume (0.73; 95% CI = 0.60 to 0.86) groups were not significantly different from each other. CONCLUSIONS Base deficit was able to distinguish minor from major injury after four hours of resuscitation, irrespective of the volume of NS infused.
Transmission of Knowledge to and between Women in 15 th-Century France: Agnes de Bourgogne's Education and Library

Author(s): Kaplan, S. C. | Advisor(s): Brown, Cynthia J. | Abstract: In Late Medieval France, it is generally accepted that women learned from experience and men from reading. Close examination of medieval tracts about and for female education used in the teaching of Agnes de Bourgogne (1405/7-1476), duchess of Bourbon from 1434-1456, and found in her collection of manuscripts reveals otherwise. I demonstrate that the category of experience is differentiated into experience and imitation, and also that by the 15th century, medieval authors were challenging these gendered stereotypes, particularly in works aimed at a female readership. A critical synthesis of writings about women’s education from St. Jerome, Vincent de Beauvais, Durand de Champagne, the Chevalier de la Tour Landry, and Giovanni Boccaccio brings to light the shift in emphasis from preparing women for a cloistered life (Jerome) to readying them to participate in life at the French court (La Tour Landry). I show that Christine de Pizan modifies her predecessors’ theories in her privileging of feminine experiential knowledge over abstract male instruction in the Epistre Othea, the Chemin de longue etude, the Livre de la cite des Dames, and the Livre des trois vertus, the images adorning various manuscript copies of these works, and letters from the Querelle du Roman de la Rose. A text commissioned by Agnes in 1438-1442, Antoine de La Sale’s Paradis de la reine Sibylle, pushes the boundaries of Christine’s position of self-as-model by inviting the reader not to replicate the author’s experience but to share it, while at the same time relying heavily on learning in the abstract to teach the female dedicatee. Analyzing the books acquired by Agnes from the middle of the 15th-century until her death that afterward passed to daughter-in-law Jeanne de France foregrounds the changing integration of learning by experience and imitation, and the increasing reliance on women’s ability to learn in the abstract and both genders’ ability to learn by imitation. This dissertation helps us understand gendered perceptions about the transmission of knowledge and their impact on how and what women taught their children in 15th-century France.
Hemostasis and Cold Knife Cone Biopsy: A Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing a Suture Versus Non‐Suture Technique

Two methods of obtaining hemostasis after cold knife cone biopsy were compared in a prospective randomized trial involving 200 patients. One method relied primarily on hemostatic sutures, and the other involved the use of a styptic solution (Monsel's solution) and vaginal pack, thus avoiding the use of sutures altogether. The short-and long-term morbidity in these two groups were compared and 12-month follow-up was completed. The use of sutures did not reduce the incidence of primary hemorrhage. Secondary hemorrhage was twice as frequent in the suture group, although this trend did not quite reach statistical significance. During long-term follow-up, significantly more patients in the suture group developed menstrual symptoms, cervical stenosis, and unsatisfactory colposcopy, requiring further operative intervention as a result.