Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana NAA Restores Apical Dominance in the

0305-7364/0 * For corre Strong evidence for a role of auxin in apical dominance is provided by the classic Thimann-Skoog experiment (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 19: 714±716, 1933) wherein exogenous auxin applied to a decapitated shoot represses outgrowth of the next lower lateral bud. Although apical dominance in most herbaceous species can be restored by this auxin treatment, such is not the case with wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana. In the present study, it has been demonstrated that apical dominance can be partially or fully restored with exogenous auxin (1% naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA) applied to the decapitated shoot of the axr3-1 mutant which is thought to be hypersensitive to auxin. A similar repressive response to auxin (1 mM NAA) was also shown in an in vitro assay with detached nodes. The role of AXR3 as a gene mediating auxin response is thus supported. # 2000 Annals of Botany Company
abrication of various dimensions of high fill-factor icro-lens arrays for OLED package

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) has been the subject of much interest in the lighting and display module. This study focuses on how to enhance brightness and scatter through a micro-lens array (MLA) with high fill-factor. A LIGA-like (Lithographie Galvanoformung Abformung, LIGA) process was applied to the fabrication process because it has good replication for microstructures. Seven kinds of micro-lens arrays with different dimensions were designed. These dimensions with different aspect ratio were divided into two groups, i.e. gapless high fill-factor and low fill-factor with gap. They were used to compare their
Cognitive Ability and Economic Decision Making

The goal of this project is to evaluate the role of cognitive ability in economic decision making. We are interested in the extent to which measured declines in cognitive ability as individuals age impacts their economic decisions (for example, their wealth accumulation and decumulation or their labor supply). The ultimate aim of the research is to assess whether, and to what extent, older individuals’ welfare is detrimentally affected by a diminished ability to make decisions in retirement. The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) will form the basis for empirical component of the research. The HRS is a multidisciplinary, longitudinal study which collects data on those over the age of 50 in the US. The data is rich: it includes detailed content on health, wealth, income, time-use, cognitive ability and many other dimensions related to the well-being of the elderly.
THE INCIDENCE OF AND RETURNS TO ‘ OVEREDUCATION ’ : PIAAC EVIDENCE ON THE G 7 Geraint Johnes

PIAAC data are used to evaluate the extent of overeducation in G7 countries. Incidence of overeducation is seen to vary systematically with a number of demographic characteristics. The impact of overeducation on remuneration is then estimated using quantile regression. This impact is observed to be minor, suggesting that while some individuals have qualifications in excess of those required to undertake their job, their additional human capital is nonetheless rewarded. Care therefore needs to be taken in interpreting measures of overeducation.
A critical review of physical activity figures for comparison studies using IPAQ surveys and accelerometer measurements

Determining physical activity requires the use of such widely recognised assessment methods as the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and accelerometers. This study reviews national and international research that used these tools in the years 2007-2016 for assessing physical activity in school children. Our analysis discovered higher levels of self-reported physical activity when the IPAQ version with the longer questionnaire was employed. The metabolic equivalent task (MET)-minutes/ week figures, obtained from the long and short questionnaire versions, showed very large disparities, which should in future serve as a signalling mechanism, so that researchers have a better understanding of how this assessment instrument is to be used. In the author’s opinion, physical activity in young people will be assessed more objectively when both these tools are employed simultaneously.
Estimating Treatment E ff ects of Unit-Based Pricing of Household Solid Waste Disposal

Propensity score matching is used to estimate treatment effects when data are observational. Results presented in this study demonstrate the use of propensity score matching to evaluate the average treatment effect of unit-based pricing of household trash for reducing municipal solid waste disposal. Average treatment effect of the treated for 34 New Hampshire communities range from an annual reduction of 631 pounds per household to 823 pounds per household. This represents an annual reduction of 42 percent to 54 percent from an average of 1530 pounds per household if a town did not adopt municipal solid waste user fees.
Molecular mechanism of pore formation by actinoporins Katarina

Actinoporins are effective pore-forming toxins produced by sea anemones. These extremely potent, basic 20 kDa proteins readily form pores in membranes that contain sphingomyelin. Much has been learned about the molecular basis of their pore-forming mechanism in recent years. Pore formation is a multi-step process that involves recognition of membrane sphingomyelin, firm binding to the membrane accompanied by the transfer of the N-terminal region to the lipid–water interface and finally pore formation after oligomerisation of three to four monomers. The final conductive pathway is formed by amphipathic a-helices, hence actinoporins are an important example of so-called ahelical pore-forming toxins. Actinoporins have become useful model proteins to study protein-membrane interactions, specific recognition of lipids in the membrane, and protein oligomerisation in the lipid milieu. Recent sequence and structural data of proteins similar to actinoporins indicate that they are not a unique family restricted to sea anemones as was long believed. An AF domain superfamily (abbreviated from actinoporin-like proteins and fungal fruit-body lectins) was defined and shown to contain members from three animal and two plant phyla. On the basis of functional properties of some members we hypothesise that AF domain proteins are peripheral membrane proteins. Finally, ability of actinoporins to form transmembrane pores has been exploited in some novel biomedical applications. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Cultural Contrast of Germany , Japan , Mexico , and Mongolia

In addition to knowledge of distributed project management techniques, software engineering courses need to teach students the intercultural communication skills necessary to cooperate effectively with team members from different cultural backgrounds. Because many students do not have the time or financial resources to spend a semester in a foreign country, participation in virtual, distributed courses at their home universities can provide opportunities to gain international experiences for a larger group of students. Experiences, results and lessons learned from several iterations of distributed, virtual courses conducted between universities in Mongolia, Mexico, Japan and Germany are presented. Instead of classic, instructor-based lectures, a project-based learning approach was implemented to simulate a real-world, global software engineering project.
" “ How do I do ? " Perceiving one ’ s body shapes empathy "

Background: Empathy is a basic human ability with affective and cognitive facets and high interindividual variability. Accurately detecting one's internal body signals (interoceptive sensitivity) strongly contributes to the awareness of oneself and is known to interact with emotional and cognitive processes. This study investigated whether interoceptive sensitivity (i.e., heartbeat perception task) shapes affective and cognitive empathy. Methods: Ninety-three participants were asked to report the valence of their feelings, as well as the degree of compassion, arousal, and distress they felt in response to pictures depicting other people in pain or in nonpain situations. Participants also had to estimate how painful the situation was. Results: Main results showed that greater interoceptive sensitivity enhanced the estimated degree of pain (cognitive empathy), as well as arousal and feelings of compassion (affective empathy), in response to painful pictures. Conclusions: The accurate p. Document type : Article de périodique (Journal article) Référence bibliographique Grynberg, Delphine ; Pollatos, Olga. “How do I do? " Perceiving one’s body shapes empathy. In: Physiology & Behavior, Vol. 140, no.C, p. 54-60 (2015) DOI : 10.1016/j.physbeh. 2014.12. 026 Perceiving one's body shapes empathy Delphine Grynberg ⁎, Olga Pollatos b a Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium b Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, University of Ulm, Germany
PROJECT TO INVESTIGATE CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR SELECTED SORGHUM AND MILLET PRODUCTS IN THE SADCC REGION OF AFRICA

It was found that sorghum and millets were grown without using agrochemicals thus resulting in low yields that were also caused by birds. Storage was a constraint to sorghum but not to finger millet. The improved varieties were higher yielding but more susceptible to storage pests and less appealing to consumers than the local varieties. The storage and bird problems are among the least attended constraints to sorghum. There was limited use of insecticides in storing sorghum. Processing facilities for dehulling sorghum were limited and relied mostly on the use of pestle and mortar, particularly in rural areas. Threshing was tedious and encouraged contamination with sand. Due to its slow digestion, pastoralists and farmers preferred consumption of pearl millet. Finger millet was good supplier of calcium and iron levels and thus appropriate for weaning. Marketing of sorghum in the production areas was a big problem. To increase utilization of sorghum and millets hardness, use of agrochemicals, availability of processing equipment, organized marketing and product development need to be addressed.
Comparison between manual and digital (2D) measurement of Peer Assessment rating (PAR) score index (component 1-6)

Over the years, Peer Assessment Rating index measurement is usually recorded using manual assessment. Along with the technology improvements, PAR index software are being developed to help orthodontists in measuring the PAR index digitally. The aim of this study is to compare the result of PAR score index (component 1-6) between the manual and digital measurement. Sixty samples that match the inclusion criteria were scanned using HP Scanjet G4050 scanner device to obtain 2D digital study models. Manual measurements of the PAR score index (component 1-6) was assessed using PAR plastic ruler, while the 2D digital study models were measured using PAR index software. There were no significant differences between the measurement of PAR score index (component 1-6) in conventional and 2D digital study models (p>0,05). The measurements on 2D digital study models are as accurate as conventional study models. Experimental article (J Int Dent Med Res 2017; 10: (1), pp. 59-64)
Characterization of salt tolerance in four halophytic bacteria strain isolated from solar saltern at Alexandria-Egypt

In the present study four halophytic bacteria strains were identified and were characterized on the basis of the cell morphology and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These strains were identified as Halomonas elongata strain ECTC/RF, Cobetia marina strain New Alix5, Virgibacillus species strain Rr Alix3 and Staphylococcus saprophyticus strain S Alix1. The strains ECTC/RF, New Alix5 and Rr Alix3 accumulates Ectoine under high salinity condition. The genes involved in ectoine biosynthesis (ectA, ectB, and ectC), were isolated and characterized from strains ECTC/RF and New Alix5 and can be used as a source of microbial salt tolerant enzymes. The ectoine genes expression (ectA, ectB, and ectC) of the strain ECTC/RF was determined relative to the control (without adding NaCl) by using Real time PCR analysis. The transcription levels of ectA, ectB, and ectC, have different response to the different concentration of NaCl. The three Ectoine genes showed an increase in there expression in 20% salt concentration. This result proves that the accumulation of Ectoine is one of the main compatible solute responsible for growth and survival of these halophiles strains under salinity stress condition.
Lowry syndrome : A role for RSK 2 in mammalian neurogenesis

a Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7 b Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7 c Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 d Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 e Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
Easy Witnesses and Hard Circuit Lower Bounds

One major research area of modern complexity theory is derandomization, that is, determining whether probabilistic algorithms can be simulated by deterministic ones without significantly increasing computational bounds on running time or space efficiency. In particular, though it is suspected that BPP = P, it is still not even known whether BPP 6= NEXP. The primary result of [4] is a proof that NEXP ⊂ P/poly if and only if NEXP = MA; unless stated otherwise, any information referenced below comes from [4].
Immunological Defects Associated with Human Filarial Nematode Infection : a Role for PC ?

Phosphorylcholine (PC) (Fig. 19.1) is an abundant component of eukaryotes (both vertebrates and invertebrates), where it is found as the polar head group of the phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. However, in many lower invertebrates and also in certain fungi and bacteria, PC has been found in a different association: specifically, attached to carbohydrate (reviewed by Harnett and Harnett, 1999). As many of the organisms that contain PC attached in this manner constitute important human pathogens, this association has been subject to significant investigation. It has been particularly well studied in the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, the Gram-negative
Interactive comment on “ Impact of mineral dust on shortwave and longwave radiation : evaluation of different vertically-resolved parameterizations in 1-D radiative transfer computations ” by

Aerosol radiative properties are investigated in southeastern Spain during a dust event on June 16-17, 2013 in the framework of the ChArMEx/ADRIMED (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment /Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact on the regional climate in the MEDiterranean region) campaign. Particle optical and microphysical properties from ground-based sun/sky photometer and lidar measurements, as well as in situ measurements onboard the SAFIRE ATR 42 French research aircraft are used to create a set of different levels of input parameterizations, which feed the 1-D radiative transfer model (RTM) GAME (Global Atmospheric ModEl). We consider three datasets: 1) a first parameterization based on the retrievals by an advanced aerosol inversion code (GRASP; Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties) applied to combined photometer and lidar data; 2) a parameterization based on the photometer columnar optical properties and vertically-resolved lidar retrievals with the two-component Klett-Fernald algorithm; and 3) a parameterization based on vertically-resolved optical and microphysical aerosol properties measured in situ by the aircraft instrumentation. Once retrieved, the outputs of the RTM in terms of both shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes are compared against ground and in situ airborne measurements. In addition, the outputs of the model in terms of the aerosol direct radiative effect are discussed with respect to the different input parameterizations. Results show that calculated atmospheric radiative fluxes differ no more than 7 % to the measured ones. The three parameterization datasets produce a cooling effect due to mineral dust both at the surface and the top of the atmosphere. Aerosol radiative effects with differences up to 10 W·m in the shortwave spectral range (mostly due to differences in the aerosol optical depth), and 2 W·m for the longwave (mainly due to differences in the aerosol optical depth but also to the coarse mode radius used to calculate the radiative properties) are obtained when comparing the three parameterizations. The study reveals the complexity of parametrizing 1-D RTMs as sizing and characterising the optical properties of mineral dust is challenging. The use of advanced remote sensing data and processing, in combination with closure studies on the optical/microphysical properties from in situ aircraft measurements when available, is recommended.
Segmental Phonetics and Phonology in Caucasian languages

This chapter surveys the major topics of Caucasian segmental phonetics and phonology, focusing on topics with broader implications for general phonetic and phonological theory. The author first presents an acoustic phonetic analysis of phonemic inventories in the three Caucasian families, including both a review of recent instrumental data on the topic as well as a new analysis of new and existing experimental acoustic data. This analysis focuses on four primary topics: obstruents with different laryngeal features, typologically unusual segments, small vocalic inventories, and pharyngealization. The new acoustic data from a nonce-word experiment in Georgian and Megrelian offer evidence that aspiration in voiceless stops gradually, yet significantly shortens if another voiceless stop precedes the relevant one in a given word. The second part reviews analyses of Caucasian phonotactics, primarily of South Caucasian consonant clusters that play a crucial role in discussions on production versus perception in phonology. The chapter concludes with a collection of phonological alternations that have potential for future research on phonology.
Translation and Validation of Multidimensional Body Self-Relation Questionnaire-Appearance Scale for Young Adults

Multidimensional Body Self-Relation Questionnaire-Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS; Cash, 2000) has been extensively used to study body image among adolescents and adults. Phase 1 of the present study aimed to translate and validate English version of MBSRQAS into Urdu language. Forward-backward translation method was used for this purpose. To establish the cross language validity, Urdu version and the original MBSRQ-AS English version were administered on bilinguals (N = 200) including an equal number of men and women with mean age of 22 years. Reliability of both versions was determined by computing test-retest techniques. Phase-II was aimed to establish the construct validity by applying Exploratory Factor Analysis on a sample of 350 college and university students including both men and women with age range of 17 to 21 years. Results showed the following four factors, that is, appearance evaluation, appearance orientation, body area satisfaction, and over-weight preoccupation as reflection of body image, indigenously. Phase-III of the research was aimed to confirm the factorial validity. The sample comprised of 500 adolescents including men and women with age range from 16 to 22 years from colleges and universities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Findings confirmed the four factor solution and suggested that MBSRQ-AS Urdu version can be used as a valid and reliable measure for the assessment of body image of young adults.
THE LAST WORD ON THE WAGE CURVE? A META-ANALYTIC ASSESSMENT

During the last decade there has been extensive international research on the responsiveness of wages of individuals to changing local labour market conditions. For many countries, an inverse relationship between wages and local unemployment rates has been found. In their 1994 book, The Wage Curve, Blanchflower and Oswald argued that the unemployment elasticity of pay is around -0.1 in most countries. In a 1995 literature survey, Card referred to this striking empirical regularity as being close to an ‘empirical law of economics’. Nonetheless, reported elasticities do vary, even excluding outliers, between about -0.5 and +0.1. There is also considerable heterogeneity among wage curve studies in terms of data and model specification. This paper carries out meta-analytic techniques on a sample of 208 elasticities derived from the literature to uncover the reasons for the differences in empirical results across studies. Several causes of variation are identified. There is also clear evidence of downward publication bias. In addition, many reported t statistics are biased upwards due to the use of aggregate unemployment rates. A maximum likelihood method and a trimming procedure are used to correct for these biases. Both methods give similar results for our sample. An unbiased estimate of the wage curve elasticity at the means of study characteristics is about -0.07.
BILINEAR DECOMPOSITIONS AND COMMUTATORS OF SINGULAR INTEGRAL OPERATORS

Let b be a BMO -function. It is well known that the linear commutator [ b,T ] of a Calder´on-Zygmund operator T does not, in general, map continuously H 1 ( R n ) into L 1 ( R n ). However, P´erez showed that if H 1 ( R n ) is replaced by a suitable atomic subspace H 1 b ( R n ), then the commutator is continuous from H 1 b ( R n ) into L 1 ( R n ). In this paper, we ﬁnd the largest subspace H 1 b ( R n ) such that all commutators of Calder´on-Zygmund operators are continuous from H 1 b ( R n ) into L 1 ( R n ). Some equivalent characterizations of H 1 b ( R n ) are also given. We also study the commutators [ b,T ] for T in a class K of sublinear operators containing almost all important operators in harmonic analysis. When T is linear, we prove that there exists a bilinear operator R = R T mapping continuously H 1 ( R n ) × BMO ( R n ) into L 1 ( R n ) such that for all ( f,b ) ∈ H 1 ( R n ) × BMO ( R n ) we have where S is a bounded bilinear operator from H 1 ( R n ) × BMO ( R n ) into L 1 ( R n ) which does not depend on T . In the particular case of T a Calder´on-Zygmund operator satisfying T 1 = T ∗ 1 = 0 and b in BMO log ( R n ), the generalized BMO type space that has been introduced by Nakai and Yabuta to characterize mul- tipliers of BMO ( R n ), we prove that the commutator [ b,T ] maps continuously H 1 b ( R n ) into h 1 ( R n ). Also, if b is in BMO ( R n ) and T ∗ 1 = T ∗ b = 0, then the commutator [ b,T ] maps continuously H 1 b ( R n ) into H 1 ( R n ). When T is sublinear, we prove that there exists a bounded subbilinear operator R = R T : H 1 ( R n ) × BMO ( R n ) → L 1 ( R n ) such that for all ( f,b ) ∈ H 1 ( R n ) × BMO ( R n ) we have The bilinear decomposition (1) and the subbilinear decomposition (2) allow us to give a general overview of all known weak and strong L 1 -estimates. atoms, bilinear operators.
Vitamin C supplementation to prevent premature rupture of the chorioamniotic membranes : a randomized trial 1 – 3

Background: Vitamin C is involved in the synthesis and degradation of collagen and is important for maintenance of the chorioamniotic membranes. Inadequate availability of ascorbic acid during pregnancy has been proposed as a risk factor for premature rupture of the chorioamniotic membranes (PROM). Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 100 mg vitamin C/d in preventing PROM. Design: A controlled double-blind trial was performed. Pregnant women (n 126) in their 20th wk of gestation were invited; 120 accepted and were randomly assigned to 2 groups (100 mg vitamin C/d or placebo). Every 4 wk, plasma and leukocyte vitamin C concentrations were measured, and each subject was evaluated for cervicovaginal infection. The incidence of PROM was recorded for each group as an indicator of the protective effect of vitamin C