Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conduct Problems and Attention Deficit Behaviour in Middle Childhood and Cannabis Use by Age 15

The relationship between conduct problems and attention deficit behaviours at ages 6,8,10 and 12 years and the early onset of cannabis usage by the age of 15 years was studied in a birth cohort of New Zealand children. The analysis showed that while conduct problems during middle childhood were significantly associated with later cannabis use (p<0.05) there was no association between early attention deficit behaviours and cannabis use (p>0.40) when the associations between conduct problems and attention deficit behaviours were taken into account. It was estimated that children who showed tendencies to conduct disorder behaviour in middle childhood were between 2.1 to 2.7 times more likely to engage in early cannabis use than children not prone to conduct problems even when a range of factors including family social background, parental separation and parental conflict were taken into account. It is concluded that early conduct disorder behaviours are a risk factor for later cannabis use when due allowance is made for social and contextual factors associated with both early conduct problems and later cannabis use.
Older Adults Adoption, Use and Diffusion of E-Government Services in Saudi Arabia, Hail City: A Quantitative Study

Jyoti Choudrie, Adel Alfalah, and Neil H. Spencer, 'Older Adults Adoption, Use and Diffusion of E-Government Services in Saudi Arabia, Hail City: A Quantitative Study'. Paper presented at the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 50th Anniversary, 4-7 January 2017, Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA.
Etched and Nanocoated Single-Mode Multimode Single-Mode (SMS) Fibers for Detection of Wind Turbine Gearbox Oil Degradation

The application of an etching process in a single-mode multimode single-mode (SMS) fiber allows monitoring the change of refractive index of wind turbine gearbox oil due to temperature and degradation with a limitation at short temperatures, where the transmission and attenuation bands in the optical spectrum fade. The application of a black tin oxide nanocoating solves this issue and allows tuning the refractive index region where the sensitivity is maximum. The SMS was designed for operating at short wavelengths, where the setup is less expensive. The experimental results were contrasted with a theoretical analysis developed with FIMMWAVE, which allowed understanding better the phenomena involved in the experiments.
Effect of Port Premixed Liquefied Petroleum Gas on the Engine Characteristics

In the present work, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is premixed with air for combustion in a compression ignition engine, along with neat rubber seed oil as the direct injected fuel. The LPG is injected directly into the intake manifold using an electronic gas injector. The variation in the LPG flow rate is from zero to the maximum tolerable value. The engine load was varied from no load to full load at regular intervals of 25% of full load. Experimental results indicate a reduction in thermal efficiency at low loads, followed by a small improvement in the thermal efficiency at 75% and 100% loads. Premixing of LPG prolongs the delay in the ignition with a simultaneous decrease in the duration of combustion. With an increase in the LPG flow rate, the maximum in-cylinder pressure increased at high outputs, whereas it decreased at low outputs. The heat release rate shows that the combustion rate increases with LPG induction. Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) levels reduced at high outputs, whereas at all loads, the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) levels increased. The NOx level at full load increased from 6.9 g/kWh at no LPG induction to 10.36 g/kWh at 47.63% LPG induction. At all loads, the smoke level decreased drastically. The smoke level at full load decreased from 6.1BSU at no LPG induction to 3.9BSU at 47.63% LPG induction.
Blind Channel Estimation for Systems with Maximum-Ratio Receiver Combining

This paper presents a new iterative blind channel estimation technique for systems employing maximum-ratio combining with correlated receive antennas operating over Rayleigh flat fading channels. A decision algorithm first obtains a primary data estimate of the transmitted symbol based on the constrained linear minimum mean square error criterion. Then this estimate is applied to subsequent optimal minimum mean square error channel estimation. Performance is evaluated by simulation and favorable comparison is presented with the known results of optimal coherent detection as well as a known blind technique which employs Kalman filtering to track the channel. The impact of antenna cross correlation is also investigated by simulation.
Striatal neuronal loss correlates with clinical motor impairment in Huntington's disease

Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized clinically by chorea, motor impairment, psychiatric manifestations, and dementia. Atrophy of the striatum is the neuropathological hallmark of HD, and previous studies have suggested that striatal atrophy correlates more closely with motor impairment than with chorea. Motor impairment, as measured by motor impairment score, correlates with functional disability in HD patients, but chorea does not. In this study, we investigated the relation between neuronal loss and these motor features. We conducted neuropathological and stereologic assessments of neurons in putamen and subthalamic nuclei in HD patients and age‐matched controls. In putamen, we estimated the total number and volume of medium spiny neurons labeled with dopamine‐ and cAMP‐regulated phosphoprotein 32 kDa (DARPP‐32). In subthalamic nuclei, we estimated the total number of neurons on hematoxylin & eosin/luxol fast blue stains. In putamen of HD, immunohistochemistry showed DARPP‐32 neuronal atrophy with extensive disruption of neurites and neuropil; stereologic studies found significant decreases in both the number and size of DARPP‐32 neurons; we also detected a significant reduction of overall putamen volume in HD patients, compared to controls. In subthalamic nuclei, there was a mild, but significant, neuronal loss in the HD group. The loss of neurons in putamen and subthalamic nuclei as well as putaminal atrophy were significantly correlated with severity of motor impairment, but not with chorea. Our findings suggest that neuronal loss and atrophy in striatum and neuronal loss in subthalamic nuclei contribute specifically to the motor impairment of HD, but not to chorea. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Depressive symptoms and severity of acute occupational pesticide poisoning among male farmers

Objectives Limited evidence suggests the association between severity of acute occupational pesticide poisoning and depressive symptoms in farmers. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between occupational pesticide exposure and depressive symptoms among male farmers in South Korea. Methods A nationwide sampling survey of male farmers was conducted in South Korea. A total of 1958 male farmers were interviewed in 2011. Severity of occupational pesticide poisoning was evaluated according to symptoms, types of treatment and number of pesticide poisonings per individual. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale. A survey logistic regression model was used to estimate the multivariate OR and 95% CIs. Results Among total farmers, 10.4% (n=197) reported depressive symptoms. After controlling for potential confounders, occupational pesticide poisoning in the previous year was positively associated with the risk of depressive symptoms (OR=1.61; 95% CI 1.10 to 2.34). Cases of more severe pesticide poisoning, such as moderate- or severe-symptom cases (OR=2.81; 95% CI 1.71 to 4.63), outpatient or hospitalisation cases (OR=2.52; 95% CI 1.15 to 5.53), and multiple poisoning cases (OR=1.82; 95% CI 1.19 to 2.76) showed higher risks of depressive symptoms than did milder cases. Among the pesticides causing the poisonings, paraquat dichloride was found to be a significant predictor of depressive symptoms. No significant association was found with cumulative lifetime pesticide application and depressive symptoms. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the risk of depression appears to be related to the severity of symptoms of poisoning, type of care received and the number of previous episodes of acute poisonings.
The impact of impulsive voltage waveforms on the electrical insulation of actuators for more electrical aircraft (MEA)

To reduce the size and weight of aircraft actuators, wide band-gap semiconductor devices (SiC and GaN) are the most promising solution. These devices have switching times well below those of silicon devices. Very short rise times may enhance the electrical stress within the insulation, triggering partial discharges (PDs). The inception of PDs at carrier frequencies of several tens of kHz can lead to the premature failure of the actuator insulation, sometimes in the matter of minutes. In this paper, we show the results of PD measurements at different frequencies and pressures, and discuss the influence of both frequency and pressure on the inception of PDs. Our measurements show a steady decrease of RPDIV with the frequency up to 100 kHz, and a linear dependence of RPDIV on pressure. These findings can be useful to design reliable actuators.
Disentangling Changes in the Spectral Shape of Chlorophyll Fluorescence: Implications for Remote Sensing of Photosynthesis

Novel satellite measurements of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) can improve our understanding of global photosynthesis; however, little is known about how to interpret the controls on its spectral variability. To address this, we disentangle simultaneous drivers of fluorescence spectra by coupling active and passive fluorescence measurements with photosynthesis. We show empirical and mechanistic evidence for where, why, and to what extent leaf fluorescence spectra change. Three distinct components explain more than 95% of the variance in leaf fluorescence spectra under both steady‐state and changing illumination conditions. A single spectral shape of fluorescence explains 84% of the variance across a wide range of species. The magnitude of this shape responds to absorbed light and photosynthetic up/down regulation; meanwhile, chlorophyll concentration and nonphotochemical quenching control 9% and 3% of the remaining spectral variance, respectively. The spectral shape of fluorescence is remarkably stable where most current satellite retrievals occur (“far‐red,” >740nm), and dynamic downregulation of photosynthesis reduces fluorescence magnitude similarly across the 670‐ to 850‐nm range. We conduct an exploratory analysis of hourly red and far‐red canopy SIF in soybean, which shows a subtle change in red:far‐red fluorescence coincident with photosynthetic downregulation but is overshadowed by longer‐term changes in canopy chlorophyll and structure. Based on our leaf and canopy analysis, caution should be taken when attributing large changes in the spectral shape of remotely sensed SIF to plant stress, particularly if data acquisition is temporally sparse. Ultimately, changes in SIF magnitude at wavelengths greater than 740 nm alone may prove sufficient for tracking photosynthetic dynamics.
A human factors perspective on medical device alarms: problems with operating alarming devices and responding to device alarms

Abstract Medical devices emit alarms when a problem with the device or with the patient needs to be addressed by healthcare personnel. At present, problems with device alarms are frequently discussed in the literature, the main message being that patient safety is compromised because device alarms are not as effective and safe as they should – and could – be. There is a general consensus that alarm-related hazards result, to a considerable degree, from the interactions of human users with the device. The present paper addresses key aspects of human perception and cognition that may relate to both operating alarming devices and responding to device alarms. Recent publications suggested solutions to alarm-related hazards associated with usage errors based on assumptions on the causal relations between, for example, alarm management and human perception, cognition, and responding. However, although there is face validity in many of these assumptions, future research should provide objective empirical evidence in order to deepen our understanding of the actual causal relationships, and hence improve and expand the possibilities for taking appropriate action.
Analysis of the moderating effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the influence of social responsibility on the performance of Mexican family companies

Abstract This study analyzes the entrepreneurial orientation’s moderating effect on the influence of social responsibility on the performance of family companies in Mexico. To analyze the results, we propose the utilization of a method of second-generation structural equations (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 3.2. 7 statistical software applied to data from 140 Mexican family businesses. The first important contribution of this work is that the analysis of corporate social responsibility via the elaboration of GRI memories is adequate, as the proposed measurements are reliable and valid. The second contribution is that in Mexican family businesses social responsibility actions also become outcome improvements, accomplishing substantial influence. Finally, the third contribution of this work is that entrepreneurial orientation reveals as a positive moderator on the effect of social responsibility on the performance of family businesses.
Vasopressin and galanin mRNAs coexist in the nucleus of the horizontal diagonal band: A novel site of vasopressin gene expression

Vasopressin (VP) neurons have been identified in several brain regions where VP has been hypothesized to act as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. In many sites, VP is colocalized with the neuropeptide galanin (GAL). Here, using single in situ hybridization histochemistry, we have identified a novel group of neurons within the nucleus of the horizontal diagonal band of Broca (HDB) that express the VP gene and have assessed the distribution of these cells in adult male and female rats (90 days old, n = 7/group). VP mRNA‐expressing neurons were scattered throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the HDB, and the number of VP neurons detected unilaterally ranged from 1 to 17 cells per 20 μm section. Using double in situ hybridization histochemistry on alternate sections, we have assessed the number of cells expressing VP and/or GAL mRNAin the diagonal band and have determined the extent of their colocalization. Approximately 50% of all VP‐expressing neurons in the HDB coexpressed GAL mRNA, and 33% of GAL‐expressing neurons in this region coexpressed VP mRNA. No sex differences were detected in the number of neurons expressing either VP or GAL mRNA or in the incidence of coexpression of VP and GAL mRNAs in this region. VP neurons in the HDB exhibited a low level of expression, and cellular VP mRNA content did not differ between male and female rats. However, sex differences were present in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) of these same rats. Consistent with our previous findings, both the number of VP‐expressing neurons (P ≤ 0.0004) and the cellular VP mRNA content (P ≤ 0.02) in the BNST were greater in male than in female rats. These results suggest that VP gene expression is differentially regulated by gonadal hormones in the HDB compared to the BNST. Because GAL was previously reported to colocalize with acetyicholine (ACh) and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) in the diagonal band of Broca, our findings suggest that VP may also colocalize with these transmitters in this brain region. Our observations may provide an anatomical basis for the postulated actions of VP in functions involving ACh or GnRH pathways. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Algicidal Activity of Glycerolipids from Brown Alga Ishige sinicola toward Red Tide Microalgae

Bioassay-guided fractionation of a methanol extract of the brown alga, Ishige sinicola, led to the isolation of five algicidal compounds. Their structures were determined to be α-monoglycerides of eicosa-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-tetraenoic (arachidonic) acid, octadeca-6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z-tetraenoic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid, and 1-O-palmitoyl-3-O-(6-sulfo-α-D-quinovopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol on the basis of spectroscopic data and a comparison with the data in the literature. These glycerolipids showed moderate-to-high cell lysis activity against the red tide microalgal species, Heterosigma akashiwo, Karenia mikimotoi and Alexandrium catenella, at a concentration of 20 μg/mL.
FAKTOR–FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN MENARCHE SISWI DI SMPN 31 SEMARANG

Menarche merupakan menstruasi yang pertama kali dialami wanita, dimana secara fisik ditandai dengan keluarnya darah dari vagina akibat peluruhan lapisan endometrium. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor–faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan kejadian menarche pada siswi di SMP 31 Semarang. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu study korelasi dengan metode pendekatan cross sectional study. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu 176 sisi yang terdiri dari kelas VII,VIII dan IX. Data dianalisa dengan uji korelasi rank spearman.Ada hubungan antara status menarche ibu (genetik), keterpaparan media massa, gaya hidup, nutrisi, status gizi dengan kejadian menarche siswi di SMPN 31 Semarang, dinyatakan dengan p value 0,000 11-15 tahun
Catheter Ablation of Atypical Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

Background: Because of its low prevalence, data on atypical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) are scarce, and the optimal ablation method has not been established. Our study aimed at assessing the efficacy and safety of conventional slow pathway ablation, as applied for typical cases, in atypical AVNRT. Methods: We studied 2079 patients with AVNRT subjected to slow pathway ablation. In 113 patients, mean age 48.5±18.1 years, 68 female, atypical AVNRT or coexistent atypical and typical AVNRT without other concomitant arrhythmia was diagnosed. Ablation data and outcomes were compared with a group of age- and sex-matched control patients with typical AVNRT. Results: Fluoroscopy and radiofrequency current delivery times were not different in the atypical and typical groups, 20.3±12.2 versus 20.8±12.9 minutes (P=0.730) and 5.9±5.0 versus 5.5±4.5 minutes (P=0.650), respectively. Slow pathway ablation was accomplished from the right septum in 110 patients, and from the left septum in 3 patients, in the atypical group. There was no need for additional ablation lesions at other anatomic sites, and no cases of atrioventricular block were encountered. Recurrence rates of the arrhythmia were 5.6% in the atypical (6/108 patients) and 1.8% in the typical (2/111 patients) groups in the next 3 months following ablation (P=0.167). Conclusions: Conventional ablation at the anatomic area of the slow pathway is the therapy of choice for symptomatic AVNRT, regardless of whether the typical or atypical form is present.
Measuring the Anisotropy Function of Iridium-192 using Gafchromic Film Dosimetry

Any radioactive source used in brachytherapy must be fully characterized according the TG-43 protocol in order to be approved by the FDA for clinical use. One of the parameters that must be characterized per the protocol is the anisotropy function. Iridium-192 is the most common and standard source to use in brachytherapy. The anisotropy of a specific iridium-192 brachytherapy seed has been analyzed using Gafchromic film dosimetry as part of the characterization needed for FDA approval.
Understanding and retention of trial-related information among participants in a clinical trial after completing the informed consent process

Background Methods for assessing the level of understanding of trial-related information during the informed consent (IC) process in developing countries are lacking. Purpose To assess the understanding and retention of trial-related information presented in the IC process by administering an informed consent assessment instrument (ICAI) to participants in a clinical trial for a new tuberculosis (TB) regimen being conducted in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Methods The format of the ICAI was based on the language and structure of the United States National Cancer Institute’s IC comprehension checklist. The ICAI was designed to assess points of the RioMAR study IC process that addressed the principles of research ethics requested by Brazilian Regulatory Authority: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Briefly, (1) Is the respondent participating in a clinical trial? (2) Are two different treatments being evaluated? (3) Is the treatment arm chosen by chance? (4) Is an HIV test required? (5) Are liver function tests required? (6) Can participants leave the study at any time? (7) Are the risks and benefits of taking part in the study clear? (8) May pregnant women participate in the study? (9) Can one of the study drugs reduce the effectiveness of contraceptives? (10) Are patients paid to participate in the study? The ICAI was applied at two time points: immediately after enrollment in the clinical trial and 2 months later. Results A total of 61 patients who enrolled in the RioMAR study participated in this study. The percentage of correct answers to all questions was 82% at the time of the first ICAI; 31 participants (51%) did not recall that an HIV test was required (question 4) and 43 (70%) did not know that they could leave the study (question 6). Other individual questions were answered correctly by at least 76% of participants. There was no association between incorrect answers and age, gender, monthly family income, neighborhood, or level of education (p > 0.07). When the responses to the first and the second ICAI questions were compared, 15% or more of participants had conflicting answers to 5 of the 10 questions. Limitations The ICAI uses dichotomous responses, leading to a 50% chance of guessing the correct answers. Two questions were asked only of women. Finally, only 6 of the 10 questions on the current version of the ICAI apply to most trials; others are trial-specific. Conclusions The ICAI may be adapted to an individual trial and may prove to be a useful tool following a consent discussion to identify issues not fully understood by the research participants, thus prompting study staff to re-explain topics, possibly in a more elementary manner.
An epidemic methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus in Spain

SUMMARY During 1990, a strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus became epidemic in Spain and spread in a manner analogous to that of EMRSA-1 in England. Isolates of this strain produced little protein A and were resistant to a number of antibiotics including ciprofloxacin. Beta-lactamase production was encoded by a c. 39 kb plasmid, which also conferred resistance to mercury, cadmium, ethidium bromide and propamidine isethionate. Investigation showed that two variants, separable by supplementary and Fisk phage typing, were circulating. The B variant appeared to spread more readily than the A variant. The opportunity was taken to compare the discriminatory power of traditional typing methods with molecular techniques. The discriminatory power of the molecular techniques used only reached the same level as the traditional methods when double enzyme digestion of total cellular DNA by EcoR I and Cla I was performed.