Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gravity wave propagation and dissipation from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere

[1] One-night (28 October 2003) temperature and horizontal wind measurements by a resonance sodium (Na) wind/temperature lidar at Maui (20.7°N, 156.3°W) and temperature measurement by a Rayleigh lidar at Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO, 19.5°N, 155.6°W), Hawaii, were used to study gravity wave (GW) propagation from the lower stratosphere to the lower thermosphere. A dominant wave mode was identified from 35 to 103 km. The wave was partially dissipated and propagating upward with a scale height of temperature amplitude at ∼14 km. A damping layer was present around the stratopause where the wave amplitude was small, which also corresponded to a low static stability layer. The vertical wavelengths were larger in the mesosphere (12―13 km) than in the stratosphere (6―7 km), consistent with the decreasing static stability with altitude. Hodograph analysis of the Na lidar wind data showed that the wave was propagating northward and the horizontal wavelength was 2140 km and intrinsic period was 15 h in the region 84―103 km. The apparent period was ∼6 h and consistent with Doppler shift of the background wind. It is suggested that the convective zone over the equator to the south of Hawaii provided a constant GW source that is responsible for the observed GW throughout the night.
Superconductor-insulator transition and topological nature of the Bose metal

M. C. Diamantini,1 C. A. Trugenberger,2 I. Lukyanchuk,3 and V. M. Vinokur4, 5 1NiPS Laboratory, INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, University of Perugia, via A. Pascoli, I-06100 Perugia, Italy 2SwissScientific Technologies SA, rue du Rhone 59, CH-1204 Geneva, Switzerland 3University of Picardie, Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Amiens, 80039, France 4Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439, USA 5Computation Institute, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Fairness and other leadership heuristics: A four-nation study

Leaders' fairness may be just one of several heuristics—cognitive shortcuts—that followers use to decide quickly whether they can rely on a given leader to lead them to ends that are good for the collective, rather than just good for the leader. Other leadership heuristics might include leader prototypicality and leader self-sacrifice. We hypothesized that if these other factors do function as leadership heuristics they would interact with fairness such that the correlation of fairness with leadership evaluations would be lower when either of the other factors was high. In two studies, both using the Lind-Sitkin Multiple Domain Leadership Instrument, we measured followers' impressions of their supervisors' interactional fairness, and prototypicality, and their leadership evaluations and ratings of team community; in Study 2 we also measured impressions of leaders' sacrifice. To test the generality of the phenomena, Study 1 included data from respondents in the US, India, and Germany; Study 2 included data from respondents in New Zealand and the US. The results supported the hypotheses.
Developments in Business Simulation & Experiential Exercises , Volume 12 , 1985 35 PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ADMINISTRATIVE USES OF STUDENT RATINGS

It might be postulated that college administrators formulate policy with due regard given to educational research. However, based on a review of the literature covering the administrative uses of student ratings, it appears the opposite may be true. In many instances the administrators are unfamiliar with the pertinent research literature. For example, how many administrators realize that research findings in areas such as: class attendance, class sizes, and the characteristics of good teaching do not support the conventional wisdom dictating policy in these areas? Stephen [1].
Dog breeds acquisition and owners awareness of associated surgical conditions in Nigeria

The study evaluated dog owners’ awareness of breed-associated surgical conditions in Nigeria as indices for breed choice with structured pre-tested questionnaires administered to dog owners in 17 states of Nigeria. Alsatians (36.8%) and Rottweiler (13%) breeds were mostly possessed by owners. The majority of the respondents were females (60.4%) owners. Lagos (53.4%) and Oyo (52.1%) states had the highest number of respondents while Kaduna (1.25%), Enugu (1.25%), Ekiti (1.25%), and Plateau (1.25%) states had the lowest. Most of the respondents (84.8%) are within the age bracket of 16 to 30 years, while 46.6% were University graduates and 90.8% had kept dogs previously. Factors that influenced dogs’ breed choices included: body size (66.6%), coat colour (78.6%), natural intelligence (96.4%), information on the internet about the breed (54.6%), breed type possession by a close relative (53.4%), information regarding animal care from the Veterinarian (39. 2%), and recommendation by friends (42.6%). Respondents routinely visited the veterinary health centre for a general check-up and disease prevention (79.6%), vaccination and routine worming (79.2%), and treatment of diseases (79.8%). Respondents had varying knowledge of common surgical diseases: cruciate ligament rupture (13.6%), gastric dilation/volvulus (13.6%), portosystemic shunt (15.0%), entropion (17.7%), ectropion (17.7%), osteochondrosis dessicans (17.7%), tracheal collapse (17.7%) etc. Only 10.9% of the respondents were aware of persistent health challenges in their dogs, while 84.4% of the respondents were uninformed of their dog breed predisposition to certain health challenges, and 82.3% of respondents were not aware of their dogs’ predisposition to any surgical disease. These findings imply a need for veterinarians’ input in dog choices, for recommendation of legislation mandating potential owners to seek out information about health care conditions of prospective dog breeds from authorized sources before possession to forestall frustrations, and avoidance of ultimate pet abandonment associated with management cost and social adjustment following surgical diseases. Key words: Breed, clients, predisposition, surgical diseases.
Interstitial oxygen conduction in lanthanum oxy-apatite electrolytes

The La10 − x(SiO4)6O3 − 1.5x (9.33 ≤ 10 − x ≤ 9.73) apatite series has been prepared and hexagonal single phases were obtained in a narrow compositional range (9.33 ≤ 10 − x ≤ 9.60). The room temperature crystal structure of La9.55(SiO4)6O2.32 has been determined from joint Rietveld refinement of neutron and laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data: a = 9.7257(1) A, c = 7.1864(1) A, V = 588.68(1) A3, Z = 1, RwpN = 3.2%, RwpX = 7.7%, RFN = 1.8%, RFX = 1.9%. An interstitial site for the extra-oxygen has been determined in the position very recently predicted in a theoretical study using atomistic simulations. The high temperature crystal structures have been obtained from neutron powder diffraction, NPD, collected at 773 and 1173 K showing the thermal evolution of this interstitial site. Previously reported neutron data for La9.60(GeO4)6O2.40 have also been re-analysed establishing the existence, and thermal evolution, of this interstitial site. The electrical results suggest that the samples are oxide ion conductors. The plots of the imaginary parts of the impedance, Z″, and the electric modulus, M″, vs. log (frequency), possess maxima for both curves separated by two decades in frequency. Bulk conductivities have been obtained from the fitting of the complex impedance spectra with the appropriate equivalent circuit. Bulk activation energies have been determined from two Arrhenius plots, one representing the bulk conductivities and the other representing the frequencies of the modulus peak maxima, fmax(M″). A comparative discussion of the two series, La10 − x(TO4)6O3 − 1.5x (T = Si, Ge), is given.
Tropical cyclone flow structure in the presence of elevated terrain

Wu and Kuo (1999) identify the top three priorities of typhoon forecasts near Taiwan as 1) track forecasts, 2) intensity forecasts, and 3) wind and precipitation forecasts. They also note that understanding the influence of the island’s complex terrain is crucial to generating accurate forecasts. In the succeeding ten years, there has been a large amount of research on track forecasts and an increasing emphasis on precipitation forecasts. However, the forecast of intensity and the surface wind field associated with a landfalling typhoon has received less attention, particularly the later case. Fudeyasu et al. (2008) examine a downslope windstorm and mountain wave activity associated with the landfall of Typhoon Pabuk on Japan, while Ramsay and Leslie (2008) studied the wind field of severe Tropical Cyclone Larry as it made landfall on the northeastern coast of Australia. Both of these studies utilized realdata MM5 forecasts to aid in an interpretation of terrain effects. Real-data simulations of this nature have the advantage of more closely agreeing with observed events, but it is often difficult to extract fundamental relationships from the numerous other processes being represented by the model. For this purpose, an idealized modeling framework can be used to more directly control the variations in the hypothesized controling parameters. This study uses idealized numerical simulations performed with the Naval Research Laboratory’s Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS R ) to investigate the effect of an island mountain with similar dimensions to Taiwan on an idealized typhoon’s track, structure, intensity, and ultimately on the surface wind field that results as the storm interacts with the topography. Of particular interest are regions of reduced wind speeds in close proximity to the typhoon and regions of increased wind speeds at locations far removed from the storm center.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF OVINE GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES IN HYDERABAD DISTRICT, PAKISTAN

An epidemiological study on gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep was carried out in farms of small farmers in Hyderabad district from May 2004 to April 2005. Faecal egg counts, pasture larval counts and worm counts from permanent grazing animals were recorded for 12 months. H. contortus (24.6%) was found to be predominant of gastrointestinal nematode parasites, Trichostrongylus spp. (18.0%) was the next most prevalent species, others, including: O. circumcincta, S. papillosus, T. ovis, Oe. columbianum and Chabertia ovina were found in varying percentages. The highest faecal egg counts (FEC) were recorded in September, whereas the lower FEC were in February. Statistical analysis revealed that the FEC were significantly (P<0.01) affected by months (seasons). The peak of pasture infectivity was in August and declined to lower level in January. The mean worm burden counts were the highest in September and declined toward the minimum level in February in necropsized animals. The worm counts was influenced significantly (P<0.01) by FEC and pasture larval counts. The results of this study could be used to design a programme to minimize and control gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep.
Technological Change and Skill-based Employment Disparities: Evidence from Turkey

This paper explores the causes of skill-based employment differentials within the Turkish manufacturing sector over the period 1980-2001. Turkey is taken as an example of a developing economy that, in that period, had been technologically advancing and becoming increasingly integrated with the world market. The empirical analysis is performed at firm level within a dynamic framework using a two-equation model that depicts the employment trends for skilled and unskilled workers separately. In particular, the System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM-SYS) procedure is applied to a panel dataset comprised of 17,462 firms. Our results confirm the theoretical expectation that developing countries face the phenomena of skill-biased technological change and skill-enhancing technology import, both leading to increasing the employment gap between skilled and unskilled workers. In particular, strong evidence of a relative skill bias emerges: both domestic and imported technologies increase the demand for skilled labor 5 to 6 times more than the corresponding demand for the unskilled labor. Finally, “learning by export” also appears to have a skill biased impact, but to a lesser extent.
Large Shareholder Diversification, Corporate Risk Taking, and the Benefits of Changing to Differential Voting Rights

We show how the change to differential voting rights allows dominant shareholders to retain control even after selling substantial economic ownership in the firm and diversifying their wealth. This unbundling of cash flow and control rights leads to more dispersed economic ownership and a closer alignment of dominant and dispersed shareholder interests. When insiders sell sizeable amounts of their economic interests, firms increase capital expenditures, strengthen corporate focus, divest non-core operations, and generate superior industry-adjusted performance. The change to differential voting rights both fosters corporate control activity and creates higher takeover premiums that are paid equally to all shareholders.
SUBFAMILIAL RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN SOLANACEAE AS INFERRED FROM atpβ-rbcL INTERGENIC SPACER

A phylogenetic analysis of family Solanaceae was conducted using sequence data from the chloroplast intergenic atpβrbcL spacer. Sequence data was generated from 17 species representing 09 out of 14 genera of Solanaceae from Pakistan. Cladogram was constructed using maximum parsimony method and results indicate that Solanaceae is mainly divided into two subfamilies; Solanoideae and Cestroideae. Four major clades within Solanoideae represent tribes; Physaleae, Capsiceae, Datureae and Solaneae are supported by high bootstrap value and the relationships among them are not corroborating with the previous studies. The findings established that subfamily Cestroideae comprised of three genera; Cestrum, Lycium and Nicotiana with high bootstrap support. Position of Nicotiana inferred with atpβ-rbcL sequence is congruent with traditional classification, which placed the taxa in Cestroideae. In the current study Lycium unexpectedly nested with Nicotiana with 100% bootstrap support and identified as a member of tribe Nicotianeae. Expanded sampling of other genera from Pakistan could be valuable towards improving our understanding of intrafamilial relationships within Solanaceae.
Low-Density Protein Microarray on Nitrocellulose Membrane for the Detection of Human Cytokines

A low-cost, low-density protein microarray on nitrocellulose membrane was developed for the detection of human cytokines. The microarray was derived from chemiluminescent sandwich-type immunoassay. Anti-human IL-2 and anti-human IL-4 polyclonal antibodies were arrayed and immobilized on the membrane. After the membrane was blocked and then incubation with human cytokines IL-2 and IL-4, biotinylated anti-human IL-2 and anti-human IL-4 monoclonal antibodies were added to form complexes with the cytokines and the immobilized polyclonal antibodies. Streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate was applied to detect the level of biotin. Finally, substrates for peroxidase were added to initiate chemiluminescence. The printed spots were uniform and consistent in size. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection for human IL-2 and IL-4 were 0.5 and 0.125 ng/ml, respectively. The linear range of the calibration curves spanned over two orders of magnitude. The application of 10 ng/ml streptavidin-peroxidase polymer was found to facilitate the analysis process.
Ablation and discharge of the Waldemar Glacier, north-western Spitsbergen in summer 1998

In summer 1998 detailed measurements of ablation were carried out on the Waldemar Glacier in order to determine its spatial and time variation. Five-days' average abla­ tion was equal to 14.7 cm water equivalent (w.e.), with maximum total ablation of 160-180 cm w.e. at 200 m a.s. l. , and the lowest ablation of 106 cm w.e. at 350 m a.s. l. Total ablation for the whole glacier was estimated at 120.5 cm w.e. Simplified scheme of changes of summer ablation with altitude was exampled by this glacier. Relation between discharge from individual frag­ ments of the Waldemar Glacier and their ablation was examined. Discharge of the Waldemar River was analysed: from about 4,800,000 m3 of water in the stream, 67% came from surface ab­ lation of the Waldemar Glacier.
Chromatic line-profile tomography to reveal exoplanetary atmospheres: application to HD 189733b

Transmission spectroscopy can be used to constrain the properties of exoplanetary atmospheres. During a transit, the light blocked from the atmosphere of the planet leaves an imprint in the light coming from the star. This has been shown for many exoplanets with different techniques, with both photometry and spectroscopy. We aim at testing chromatic line-profile tomography as a new tool to investigate exoplanetary atmospheres. The signal imprinted on the cross-correlation function (CCF) by a planet transiting its star is dependent on the planet-to-star radius ratio. We want to verify if the precision reachable on the CCF obtained from a subset of the spectral orders of the HARPS spectrograph is enough to discriminate the radius of a planet at different wavelengths. Methods. We analyze HARPS archival data of three transits of HD 189733b. We divide the HARPS spectral range in 7 broadbands, calculating for each band the ratio between the area of the out-of-transit CCF and the area of the signal imprinted by the planet on it during the full part of the transit. We take into account the effect of the limb darkening using the theoretical coefficients of a linear law. Averaging the results of three different transits allows us to obtain a good quality broadband transmission spectrum of HD 189733b, with a precision greater than that of the chromatic RM effect. Results. We proved chromatic line-profile tomography to be an interesting way to reveal broadband transmission spectra of exoplanets: our analysis of the atmosphere of HD 189733b is in agreement with other ground- and space-based observations. The independent analysis of different transits puts in evidence the probability that stellar activity plays a role in the extracted transmission spectrum. Care has thus to be taken when claiming for Rayleigh scattering in the atmosphere of exoplanets orbiting active stars using only one transit.
PRosPects oF chAnGes In ReGIonAl econoMIc stRuctuRes sInce eu AccessIon

In recent years, the european union (eu) has expanded by including two additional “less developed” new members, Bulgaria and Romania, and in the near future several other neighboring countries are on the list. the case of the region of east Macedonia and thrace, a remote region that neighbors Bulgaria, might offer some insights into the changes which will occur in the economy of these new eu members. changes in the structure of the regional economy are traced by estimated various indices of structural changes using two input-output tables, the 1980 I-o, a year before Greece’s accession to eu, and the 1997 I-o, one and a half decade after the implementation of several eu supported programmes. the cause of structural changes cannot be identified by applying this methodology, only the final outcome in terms of sectoral structure. Results reveal that significant transformations took place in this regional economy altering the interdependence between producing and consuming sectors. It is not clear that this change has moved the whole regional economy to a more competitive level as highly supported sectors grew substantially. JEL Classification: R100, R150, R580.
Relational consequences of compulsive Internet use: a longitudinal study among newlyweds

This article examines how compulsive Internet use and marital well-being are related to each other. We suggest that they are negatively related and explore whether compulsive Internet use predicts marital well-being or vice versa. The relation between compulsive Internet use and marital well-being is tested in a two-wave prospective study among 190 newlywed couples. The results suggest that (a) compulsive Internet use predicts marital well-being, and not vice versa, (b) that this is a within- rather than a cross-partner effect, and (c) that the frequency of Internet use may be positively related to marital well-being. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms that underlie the link between compulsive Internet use and relationship quality.
What can we learn from "internal plateaus"? The peculiar afterglow of GRB 070110

Context: The origin of GRBs' prompt emission is highly debated. Proposed scenarios involve dissipation processes above or below the photosphere of an ultra-relativistic outflow. Aims: We search for observational features that would favour one scenario over the others by constraining the dissipation radius, the outflow magnetization or by indicating the presence of shocks. Bursts showing peculiarities can emphasize the role of a specific physical ingredient, which becomes more apparent under certain circumstances. Methods: We study GRB 070110, which exhibited several remarkable features during its early afterglow: a very flat plateau terminated by an extremely steep drop and immediately followed by a bump. We model the plateau as photospheric emission from a long lasting outflow of moderate Lorentz factor ($\Gamma\sim 20$) which lags behind an ultra-relativistic ($\Gamma> 100$) ejecta responsible for the prompt emission. We compute the dissipation of energy in the forward and reverse shocks resulting from this ejecta's deceleration by the external medium. Results: Photospheric emission from the long-lasting outflow can account for the plateau properties (luminosity and spectrum) assuming some dissipation takes place in the flow. The geometrical timescale at the photospheric radius is so short that the observed decline at the end of the plateau likely corresponds to the shut-down of the central engine. The following bump results from dissipated power in the reverse shock, which develops when the slower material catches up with the initially fast component, after it had been decelerated. Conclusions: Our interpretation suggests that the prompt phase resulted from dissipation above the photosphere while the plateau had a photospheric origin. If the bump is produced by the reverse shock, it implies an upper limit ($\sigma \lesssim 0.1$) on the magnetization of the slower material.