Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Losses from Simulated Defaults in Canada's Large Value Transfer System

The Large Value Transfer System (LVTS) loss-sharing mechanism was designed to ensure that, in the event of a one-participant default, the collateral pledged by direct members of the system would be sufficient to cover the largest possible net debit position of a defaulting participant. However, the situation may not hold if the indirect effects of the defaults are taken into consideration, or if two participants default during the same payment cycle. The authors examine surviving participant total losses under both oneand two-participant default conditions, assuming the potential knock-on effects of the default. Their analysis includes the impact of a decline in value of LVTS collateral following an unexpected default. Simulations of participant defaults indicate that the impact on the LVTS is generally small; surviving participants do incur end-of-day collateral shortfalls, but only rarely and in small amounts. Under the two-participant default scenario, the likelihood of the Bank of Canada having to provide funds to ensure LVTS settlement is reasonably low, as is the average residual-coverage amount. The majority of LVTS participants pledge as collateral securities issued by other system members. However, the impact of an issuer of such collateral defaulting is generally not significant in the LVTS.
Time Pressure as an Amplifier of Information Preferences in Risky Decision Making

The aim of the current thesis was to investigate the effect of time pressure on information utilization in risky decisions. Multiple trials of a risky choice task, where four informationcues indicated whether a gamble should be accepted or rejected, were performed while time pressure was manipulated within subjects. Information preferences were measured separately for each subject, using mixed effects regression analyses on both eye trackingand behavioral data. Two competing hypotheses were proposed for how time pressure would influence information use. The loss-hypothesis, based on conclusions drawn in prior studies, predicted that time pressure would increase risk aversion, and lead to increased reliance on information about negative outcomes. The focus narrowing-hypothesis, novel to this study, predicted that time pressure would increase reliance on the information considered the most central to performing the task, and decrease reliance on the information deemed least central. The effect of time pressure would then depend on how the decision maker evaluated the relative importance of the four pieces of information in the task. The results were inconsistent with the loss-hypothesis. The increased overall tendency to prioritize information about the probability of positive outcomes under time pressure suggested that the willingness to take risks went up rather than down. In contrast, the results were consistent with a focus narrowing effect of time pressure in risky decisions. The effect of time pressure is thus suggested to interact with the characteristics of the decision maker, by amplifying pre-existing information preferences. RISKY DECISION MAKING UNDER TIME PRESSURE
Validating the Beck Depression Inventory-II for Hong Kong Community Adolescents

The primary purpose of this study was to test for the validity of a Chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (C-BDI-II) for use with Hong Kong community (i.e., nonclinical) adolescents. Based on a randomized triadic split of the data (N = 1460), we conducted exploratory factor analysis on Group1 (n = 486) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) within the framework of structural equation modeling on Groups 2 (n = 487) and 3 (n = 487); the second CFA served as a cross-validation of the determined factor structure. Factor analytic results, based on a 4-factor structure that comprised 1 2nd-order general factor of Depression and 3 1st-order factors representing Negative Attitude, Performance Difficulty, and Somatic Elements, replicated those reported previously for Canadian (Byrne & Baron, 1993), Swedish (Byrne, Baron, Larsson, & Melin, 1995), and Bulgarian (Byrne, Baron, & Balev, 1998) nonclinical adolescents. Based on this cross-validated factor structure, findings related to internal consistency reliability, stability over a 6-month time lag, and relations with relevant external criteria provided strong support for the valid use of the C-BDI-II in measuring depressive symptoms for Hong Kong community adolescents.
The Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) as a Natural Feed Additive on the Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

A Thirty five (35) day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of garlic on the growth performance of broiler chicken. One hundred and fifty-six unsexed Cobb 500 commercial broiler chicken of three weeks old were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized Design (CRD), with three replicates of 13 birds each. The birds received the treatment diets as follows; the control (0%) and the supplemented diets containing 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% garlic powder (Allium sativum) for treatment T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. The parameters measured were; average feed intake (AFI), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality and performance index (PI).
Factors Affecting to Turnover Intention of Non-Managerial Employees in Apparel Industry: A Sri Lankan Experience

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting to the turnover intention of non-managerial employees in apparel industry in Sri Lanka. For the purpose of the study, job satisfaction and organizational commitment were considered as the independent variables and the turnover intention was considered as the dependent variable. The sample was 100 randomly selected non managerial employees in the garments in Polonnaruwa district in Sri Lanka. A questionnaire was distributed among them to collect the data. The hypotheses were tested using correlation and regression analysis. The results explained that job satisfaction and organizational commitment of non-managerial employees were significantly and negatively correlated with their turnover intention. This study recommended managers to improve job satisfaction and organizational commitment of non-managerial employees to reduce their turnover intension. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting to the turnover intention of non-managerial employees in apparel industry in Sri Lanka. For the purpose of the study, job satisfaction and organizational commitment were considered as the independent variables and the turnover intention was considered as the dependent variable. The sample was 100 randomly selected non managerial employees in the garments in Polonnaruwa district in Sri Lanka. A questionnaire was distributed among them to collect the data. The hypotheses were tested using correlation and regression analysis. The results explained that job satisfaction and organizational commitment of non-managerial employees were significantly and negatively correlated with their turnover intention. This study recommended managers to improve job satisfaction and organizational commitment of non-managerial employees to reduce their turnover intension.
The Role Of T Regulatory Cells In Allergy And Autoimmune Disease And Potential Therapeutic Options

T regulatory cells are part of the immune system and act to control and suppress immune responses. A small population or a population of T regulatory cells with impaired function has been associated with allergic and autoimmune diseases. Without suppression from these cells, immune dysfunction can become prevalent and lead to disease. Previous studies have shown that exposure to microbes and parasites such as Helminths can boost the T regulatory cell population. In developed countries, where microbial and parasitic exposure is diminished, allergies and autoimmune disorders are on the rise. In this review, scholarly articles and recent clinical trials were examined to see what therapies are currently being tested using T regulatory cells. One of the most favorable therapies is adoptive transfer of T regulatory cells. This therapy has had promising results in the early stages. Patients who received adoptive transfer therapy have had more alleviation of their disease than those in the control groups who received traditional treatment. Future studies need to be done to come to clear conclusions about the effectiveness of adoptive transfer, which would include a larger sample size of patients and longer follow up periods after therapy. By improving our understanding of adoptive transfer as a treatment, patients with these disorders can hopefully have an improved quality of life in the future.
Effects of In Ovo Pollen Extract Injection to Fertile Broiler Eggs on Hatchability and Subsequent Chick Weight

Bu calismanin amaci dollu etlik pilic yumurtalarinin amniyotik sivilarina polen ekstrakti enjeksiyonunun kulucka randimani ve yumurta agirligina gore oransal civciv agirligini belirlemektir. Dollu etlik pilic yumurtalari 34 haftalik yastaki damizlik Ross 308 surusunden elde edilmistir. Calismada 180 adet dollu etlik pilic yumurtasi kullanilmistir. Calisma 3 muamele grubu (Kontrol, Negatif kontrol ve Polen Ekstrakti) ve her muamele grubuna ait 3 tekerrurden olusturulmustur. Enjeksiyonlar kuluckanin 16. gununde gerceklestirilmistir. Calismanin sonunda kulucka randimanlari kontrol, polen ekstrakti ve negatif kontrol gruplarinda sirasiyla %89.1, %82.3, %73.1 olarak bulunmustur. Kulucka randimani bakimindan polen ekstrakti enjeksiyonu ile kontrol grubu arasinda istatistiki farklilik olusmazken, negatif kontrol grubunda kulucka randimani dusmustur (P<0,05). Ayrica baslangic yumurta agirligina gore % civciv agirliklari da kontrol, negatif kontrol ve polen ekstrakti enjekte edilen gruplarda sirasiyla %70.1, %71.1, %73.5 olarak bulunmustur. Polen ekstrakti enjeksiyonunun % civciv agirligini kontrol ve negatif kontrol gruplarina gore istatistiki olarak arttirdigi belirlenmistir (P<0,05). Arastirma sonunda polen ekstraktinin kuluckadan sonra daha agir civciv elde etmek icin in ovo besin maddesi olarak kullanilabilecegi, farkli ekstraksiyon metotlarinin ya da farkli polen cesitlerinin de arastirilmasi gerektigi sonucuna varilmistir.
What happens during breakdown and repair of the suspensory ligament and what are different treatments aimed at

Injuries to the suspensory ligament represent a huge problem in equine veterinary medicine. As many of the affected horses are elite-competition athletes, there are high expectations on veterinarians to make these horses fully functional again. The suspensory ligament has several features which makes the healing process complicated. So far no treatment has shown to optimize the healing process. This has led to the testing of many new treatment methods, in order to find a consensus for the injury. When recommending treatments and preventing factors to hinder injuries to the suspensory ligament, it is important to know why the particular ligament has been ruptured. It is also important to study exactly what happens during the healing process. Existing treatments aim at minimizing the acute inflammation that occurs directly after the injury and then ease the process of regaining the structure of the ligament tissue. The aim is also to prevent scar tissue from forming and becoming abundant. The reason for this is that scar tissue lacks the strength and elasticity of the healthy ligament tissue.
Grazing by microzooplankton in the eastern Canadian arctic in summer 1983

Grazing of microzooplankton on phytoplankton was studied in the eastern Canadian Arctic by the dilution method. In Jones Sound, significantly high growth and grazing coefficients on phytoplankton were observed even though the mixed layer nutnents were low. In Baffin Bay, growth and grazing coefficients could be observed only when excess nutnents (NOs) were added to the experimental bottles. The microzooplankton community grazed 8 to 15 % of initial standing stock and 40 to 114 % of potential primary production daily in Jones Sound, and 9 to 15 " ' 0 of initial standing stock and 37 to 88 % of potenbal production daily in Baffin Bay. If nanophytoplankton alone is considered as potential food for m~crozooplankton, then the grazing impact of this community on the standing stock and production of the total phytoplankton would be on average 5 to 31 % d' in Jones Sound and 10 to 47 % d-' in Baffin Bay, respectively. The grazing of the high latitude microzooplankton community studied by the dilution method is comparable to that in the lower latitudes.
Using Natural Language Processing Technology to Analyze Teachers’ Written Feedback on Chinese Students’ English Essays

Writing an essay is a very important skill for students to master, but a difficult task for them to overcome. It is particularly true for English as Second Language (ESL) students in China. It would be very useful if students can receive timely and effective feedback about their writing. In order to build an automatic feedback system, we need to understand the relationship between textual features and human teacher feedback, and how well those features were used for predicting feedback rating. In this study, we analyzed 105 Chinese English majors’ essays with teachers’ feedback and used Coh-Metrix, a computational linguistic tool, to extract features from their writing. The study results showed some feedback was moderately correlated to some textual features (e.g. text easability cohesion and lexical diversity were related to coherence feedback) and those feedback are more predictable, such as spelling, grammar, supporting ideas and coherence. This finding has important implications for building automated writing feedback tool.
The Occurrence of Springtails (Collembola) and Spiders (Araneae) as anEffectiveness Indicator of Bioremediation of Soil Contaminated by Petroleum-Derived Substances

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of the process of natural bioremediation, and bioremediation supported by ZB-01 microbiological preparation on the occurrence of Collembola and Araneae in conditions of soil contaminated by petroleum-derived substances. The studies were conducted in 2010-2012, in the area of the Experiment Station of the University of Agriculture, near Krakow. In June 2010, the soil surface was contaminated with petrol, diesel fuel and engine oil with amount of 6 000 mg per kg of dry mass of soil. The studies were conducted in two series. The first employed microbiological bioremediation using ZB-01 biopreparation, and the second – without applying this process. The catching of invertebrates was done by using pitfall traps. The results of the experiment show that the representatives of the Entomobryidae and Isotomidae families are suitable for assessing the rate of bioremediation. Epigeic spiders do not react negatively to soil contamination. Biopreparation caused the acceleration of the recolonisation of the soil by representatives of the Isotomidae and Hypogastruidae families. With regard to the spiders, the application of biopreparation eliminated the aforementioned effect of increasing the numbers of the Lycosidae family in the object contaminated with engine oil.
THE ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES, FUNCTIONAL VALUE AND PRICE TOWARD GREEN PURCHASING INTENTIONS HANDICRAFT PRODUCT IN MANADO

Green Purchase Intention is conceptualized as the probability and willingness of a person to give preference to products having eco-friendly features over other products in their purchase considerations. Green Purchase Intention is a significant predictor of green purchase behavior, which means that purchase intention is positively affecting the probability of a customer decision that he will buy green products. This research is designed to analyze the influence of Environmental Attitudes, Functional Value and Price toward Green Purchasing Intentions in Manado. The method used to analyze the data is the Multiple Regression Analysis which enables the researcher to analyze the influence of the independent variables to the dependent variable, which is a Green Purchasing Intention. The independent variables in this research are Environmental Attitudes, Functional Value and Price. While the sample of respondents size are 100 respondents who have ever buy green product handicraft. The result of this research shows that there is significant simultaneous and partial influence of Environmental Attitudes, Functional Value and Price on Green Purchasing Intentions in Manado. Therefore, to enhance the Green Purchasing Intentions in Manado these three proponents should be considered intensively. Keywords: environmental attitudes, green product, purchase intention
Why one should incorporate the design weights when adjusting for unit nonresponse using response homogeneity groups

When there is unit (whole-element) nonresponse in a survey sample drawn using probability-sampling principles, a common practice is to divide the sample into mutually exclusive groups in such a way that it is reasonable to assume that each sampled element in a group were equally likely to be a survey nonrespondent. In this way, unit response can be treated as an additional phase of probability sampling with the inverse of the estimated probability of unit response within a group serving as an adjustment factor when computing the final weights for the group’s respondents. If the goal is to estimate the population mean of a survey variable that roughly behaves as if it were a random variable with a constant mean within each group regardless of the original design weights, then incorporating the design weights into the adjustment factors will usually be more efficient than not incorporating them. In fact, if the survey variable behaved exactly like such a random variable, then the estimated population mean computed with the design-weighted adjustment factors would be nearly unbiased in some sense (i.e., under the combination of the original probability-sampling mechanism and a prediction model) even when the sampled elements within a group are not equally likely to respond.
Formation and preservation of greigite (Fe3S4) in sediments from the Santa Barbara Basin: Implications for paleoenvironmental changes during the past 35 ka

Diagenetic processes are known to modify sedimentary records, but they can also reveal important paleoenvironmental changes. Here we investigate variations in sedimentary iron diagenesis and depositional environments for the last 35 ka by analyzing the rock magnetic and geochemical properties of two sediment cores collected in the Santa Barbara Basin (California). In organic-rich sediments, early diagenesis often leads to partial dissolution of detrital iron oxides and stepwise formation of authigenic pyrite (FeS2). The pyritization process takes place following several geochemical pathways, sometimes involving intermediate iron sulfide species such as greigite (Fe3S4). Sedimentary conditions in the basin appear to have recurrently favored preservation of greigite (identified by its magnetic properties) and inhibited its complete transformation into pyrite. The Holocene interval contains a series of centimeter-thick greigite-bearing layers that are associated with large flood deposits, which are known in the basin as ‘‘gray layers. ’’ We propose that greigite preservation was enabled in these sediments by their relative enrichment in reactive iron over organic matter and/or hydrogen sulfide (because of their high ratio of terrigenous over organic material), which limited pyritization reactions. Within the glacial deposits, formation and preservation of meter-thick greigite layers occurred in terrigenous-rich and organic-poor sedimentary layers and is proposed to result from a similar diagenetic process to that in the Holocene greigite-bearing layers (dominance of reactive iron over organic matter and/or HS�). The terrigenous enrichments in the glacial greigite-bearing layers are probably related to climatic or sea level changes because they occur at times of massive iceberg releases in the North Atlantic, the so-called Heinrich events.
Kinematics of the Sirjan mylonite nappe, Zagros Orogenic Belt: insights from strain and vorticity analyses

The Sirjan mylonite nappe is part of the Sanandaj–Sirjan HP–LT Metamorphic Belt (Zagros Orogenic Belt, Iran). This nappe was emplaced in a transpressional regime during oblique convergence between the Afro–Arabian Continent and Central Iranian Microcontinent. In order to investigate the type of flow, fabrics from deformed quartz and K-feldspar porphyroclasts were analyzed. Quantitative finite strain (RXZ = 1.9–3.8) and mean kinematic vorticity number (Wm = 0.60–0.85) analyses revealed that both the strain ratio and the simple shear component of deformation increase towards SE along a 2 km long NW–SE-oriented transect. Analysis of quartz and K-feldspar textures suggests shearing at c. 400–650 °C. We also conclude that deformation in the Sirjan mylonite nappe began with nearly pure shear flow but became a more simple-shear flow in character as strain accelerated.
DEVELOPING AND TESTING A TRAFFICABILITY INDEX FOR PLANTING CORN AND COTTON IN THE TEXAS BLACKLAND PRAIRIE A Thesis by ADAM JEFFRY HELMS

Developing and Testing a Trafficability Index for Planting Corn and Cotton in the Texas Blackland Prairie. (December 2009) Adam Jeffry Helms, B.S., Texas A&M University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Cristine L.S. Morgan Dr. Gaylon D. Morgan The Texas Blackland Prairie is one of the most productive agricultural regions in Texas. This region provides a long growing season coupled with soils that have a high water holding capacity. However, the soils also provide significant challenges to producers because the high water holding capacity is a product of a high clay percentage. This research was aimed to develop and test an expert-based trafficabililty index, based upon soil moisture, for planting cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) on the Texas Blackland Prairie. Testing the index focused on quantify the potential effect of high soil moisture at planting on seed furrow sidewall compaction and associated plant growth response. Once the trafficability index was developed, three workable soil moisture regimes were recreated in no-tillage and conventional tillage plots at the Stiles Farm Foundation in Thrall, Texas. The index nomenclature included: “Dry-Workable”, “Optimal” and “Wet-Workable”. After planting corn and cotton into conventional and no tillage plots, 0.45 x 0.20 x 0.15 m intact soil blocks were removed from each plot and kept in a controlled environment. At 28 days, each block was destructively harvested to quantify plant root and shoot growth responses. Each of the
Temporal changes in the diet of great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) on the southern coast of Finland — comparison with available fish data

The population increase of the piscivorous cormorant in the archipelago areas of the Baltic Sea, Finland, has raised discussion about the potential harm to the commercial fisheries. We investigated the diet of the cormorant in the western Gulf of Finland and compared the results with commercial and test fishing catches from nearby waters. The most numerous species in the diet were eelpout, roach, perch and three-spined stickleback, respectively. The annual proportion of perch and roach decreased, while the proportion of sticklebacks in the diet increased significantly during 2002–2010. At the same time, the size of prey eelpout decreased significantly. No decreasing trends were found in gillnet monitoring catches of perch or roach, or in the commercial perch catches in nearby waters during 2005–2010. Thus, based on the available fish data, no impacts of cormorant predation on the local perch and roach populations were detected.