Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diencephalic Syndrome of Infantile Emaciation

Three children with diencephalic tumours are described, and an analysis of 45 cases from the literature together with our own 3 is presented. Boys are affected more frequently than girls (1·8:1) and the onset is during the first 12 months of life in 92% of cases. The main clinical features are emaciation, overactivity, pleasant disposition, and above-average height. The natural course of the disease is variable. Treatment is by radiotherapy. Operative intervention, except to relieve intracranial hypertension, is not usually indicated.
The Transformation of Hunger Revisited: Estimating Available Calories from the Budgets of Late Nineteenth-Century British Households

Levels of nutrition among British worker's households in the late nineteenth century have been much debated. Trevon Logan (2006, 2009) estimated a very low average level of available calories. This paper re-examines the data and finds average levels of available calories much more in line with existing studies, more in line with what is known about energy requirements, and more in line with other aspects of the data. In sum, British households were likely to have been significantly better fed than Logan reports.
The importance of input control to work performance under the agency theory framework

In the agency theory literature, output and behavioral controls have been quite thoroughly explored. However, input control (IC) that emphasizes personnel selection and staffing has only been discussed theoretically. Literature outside the agency theory, nonetheless, corroborates IC when competitions increase. With an empirical approach to strategic human resource management, this study explored the relationships between controls and work performance under the influences of two agency factors: principal–agent relationship and task programmability. Results show that controls are generally associated with work performance but more important are their moderating effects with the two contingent agency factors. Furthermore, hierarchical regression analyses reveal that IC is a vital factor for work performance. These findings suggest that IC deserves more attention under the conditions of increased competition.
Respiratory activity and browning of minimally processed sweet potatoes

Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.), 'Brazlândia Roxa', 'Brazlândia Branca' and 'Princesa' were harvested at optimum maturity to evaluate respiratory activity and browning susceptibility of minimally processed roots. After harvest, non-blemished roots were graded for size (18±2cm) and diameter (5±1cm), and minimally processed inside a cold room. Processed roots were placed in sealed glass jars and stored at 3±0.5°C to evaluate respiratory activity during a 4-hour period or were packed in plastic films with partial vacuum to evaluate development of browning. Packages were stored under refrigerated conditions (3±0.5°C) for 5 days. Daily, minimally processed roots were evaluated for browning according to a scale ranging from 0 (extremely browned) to 5 (no browning) and using an objective assay (absorbance at 340 nm). Minimally processed roots showed a pronounced increase in carbon dioxide evolution immediately after processing. 'Princesa' had the highest respiratory activity among the evaluated cultivars, being 40% higher two hours after processing than the other cultivars. 'Brazlândia Roxa' and 'Brazlândia Branca' were significantly less susceptible to browning compared to 'Princesa', which was rated as unacceptable for commercial use at the end of the storage period. 'Brazlândia Roxa' and 'Brazlândia Branca' were still marketable at the end of the storage period.
Beneficial Effect of Insulin Treatment on Islet Transplantation Outcomes in Akita Mice

Islet transplantation is a promising potential therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes. The outcome of islet transplantation depends on the transplantation of a sufficient amount of β-cell mass. However, the initial loss of islets after transplantation is problematic. We hypothesized the hyperglycemic status of the recipient may negatively affect graft survival. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effect of insulin treatment on islet transplantation involving a suboptimal amount of islets in Akita mice, which is a diabetes model mouse with an Insulin 2 gene missense mutation. Fifty islets were transplanted under the left kidney capsule of the recipient mouse with or without insulin treatment. For insulin treatment, sustained-release insulin implants were implanted subcutaneously into recipient mice 2 weeks before transplantation and maintained for 4 weeks. Islet transplantation without insulin treatment did not reverse hyperglycemia. In contrast, the group that received transplants in combination with insulin treatment exhibited improved fasting blood glucose levels until 18 weeks after transplantation, even after insulin treatment was discontinued. The group that underwent islet transplantation in combination with insulin treatment had better glucose tolerance than the group that did not undergo insulin treatment. Insulin treatment improved graft survival from the acute phase (i.e., 1 day after transplantation) to the chronic phase (i.e., 18 weeks after transplantation). Islet apoptosis increased with increasing glucose concentration in the medium or blood in both the in vitro culture and in vivo transplantation experiments. Expression profile analysis of grafts indicated that genes related to immune response, chemotaxis, and inflammatory response were specifically upregulated when islets were transplanted into mice with hyperglycemia compared to those with normoglycemia. Thus, the results demonstrate that insulin treatment protects islets from the initial rapid loss that is usually observed after transplantation and positively affects the outcome of islet transplantation in Akita mice.
Measuring persistence in Croatian tourism: evidence from the Adriatic region

This study examines the degree of persistence in foreign tourist arrivals and overnight stays for seven Croatian coastal counties over the period January 1998 to December 2013 using fractional integration techniques. Our findings reveal that the respective regional tourism indicators exhibit seasonal unit roots which require seasonal first differences to render the respective time series stationary. With respect to the long-run evolution of the respective time series, both the parametric and semi-parametric fractional integration approaches show the degree of persistence is greater than zero, but significantly less than one for the majority of the coastal counties. Impulse response analysis reveals indeed shocks to the deseasonalized time series, either foreign tourist arrivals or foreign tourist overnight stays, appear short-lived with the exception of Istria and Primorje-Gorski kotar counties. Policy implications of the results are also discussed.
Development Scenarios and Policy Guidelines for the Lagging Regions in the 1990s

CAMAGNI R. P. (1992) Development scenarios and policy guidelines for the lagging regions in the 1990s, Reg. Studies 26, 361–374. The least favoured EC regions will benefit less from the creation of the Single European Market, due to their weaker economic structure, and they will suffer directly from some of the harmonization regulations and the consequences of moving rapidly towards Economic and Monetary Union. They will be forced to give up some of the traditional assistance tools, and their advantage in unit labour costs will vanish rapidly. A renewed effort in terms of regional policy interventions, based on new principles and philosophies rather than on new tools, is required. Ideas include integration of different policy instruments and their spatial concentrations, the enhancement of local synergies, network co-operation among firms and interregional co-operation. CAMAGNI R. P. (1992) Des strategies de developpement et politiques d'orientation aux annees '90 pour les regions de la CE en retend, Reg.
Revenue enhancement through mergers and acquisitions: wealth effects of method of payment

Many firms enhance revenue through mergers and acquisitions deals because synergy occurs when the value of the combined firm after the merger is greater than the sum of the value of the bidding firm and the value of the target firm before the merger. This paper analyses value creation of mergers and acquisitions in ten Asian emerging markets over the past 12 years. The stock markets react positively to M%A deals around the time of the announcement in spite of variation in the method of payment or the types of the target form. Method of payment affects abnormal returns. The difference between cash only payment and stock only payment is statistically significant. When the target is a private firm or a subsidiary, bidder firms realise higher positive abnormal returns than that when the target is a public firm. However, the differences (public vs. private and public vs. subsidiary) are not statistically significant at conventional levels.
Lymphatic drainage of hypertonic solution from peritoneal cavity of anesthetized and conscious sheep.

Lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal cavity may reduce ultrafiltration in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. We assessed lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal cavity in sheep under dialysis conditions by cannulation of the relevant lymphatic vessels and compared lymphatic drainage in anesthetized and conscious animals. Lymph was collected from the caudal mediastinal lymph node and the thoracic duct, both of which are involved in the lymphatic drainage of the ovine peritoneal cavity. Volumes of a hypertonic dialysis solution (50 ml/kg 4.25% Dianeal) containing 25 microCi 125I-human serum albumin were instilled into the peritoneal cavity, and lymph flows and the appearance of labeled protein in the lymphatic and vascular compartments were monitored for 6 h. Intraperitoneal pressures increased 4-5 cmH2O above resting levels after infusion of dialysate. On the basis of the appearance of tracer in the lymph, drainage of peritoneal fluid into the caudal lymphatic was calculated to be 3.09 +/- 0.69 and 14.14 +/- 2.86 ml/h in anesthetized and conscious sheep, respectively. Drainage of peritoneal fluid into the thoracic duct preparations was calculated to be 1.32 +/- 0.33 and 14.69 +/- 5.73 ml/h in anesthetized and conscious sheep, respectively. Significant radioactivity was found in the bloodstream, and at least a portion of this was likely contributed by the right lymph duct, which was not cannulated in our experiments. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Internet use among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes

AbstractBACKGROUND: The Internet represents a promising tool to improve diabetes care. OBJECTIVE: To assess differences in demographics, self-care behaviors, and diabetes-related risk factor control by frequency of Internet use. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: We surveyed 909 patients with type 2 diabetes attending primary care clinics. MEASUREMENTS: Frequency of Internet use, socioeconomic status, and responses to the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID), Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA), and Health Utilities Index (HUI) scales. Survey responses were linked to last measured hemoglobin Alc, cholesterol, and blood pressure results. Comorbidities and current medications were obtained from the medical record. RESULTS: Internet “never-users” (n=588, 66%) were significantly older (70.0±11.2 vs 59.0±11.3 years; P<.001) and less educated (26% vs 71% with > high school; P<.001) than Internet users (n=308, 34%). There were few significant differences in PAID or SDSCA scores or in diabetes metabolic control despite longer diabetes duration (10.3±8.2 vs 8.3±6.7 years; P<.001) and greater prevalence of coronary disease (40% vs 24%; P<.001) in nonusers. Less than 10% of current nonusers would use the Internet for secure health-related communication. CONCLUSIONS: Older and less educated diabetes patients are less likely to use the Internet. Despite greater comorbidity, nonusers engaged in primary care had equal or better risk factor control compared to users.
New insights into the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in Alzheimer's disease

Introduction: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is recognized as a crucial player in many cellular functions and its activity is tightly controlled by complex mechanisms that are each dependent upon specific signaling pathways. Furthermore, GSK-3 dysfunction has been linked to a number of pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In particular, the involvement of GSK-3 in several key pathophysiological pathways leading to AD and neurodegenerative diseases has placed this enzyme in a central position in this disorder. Areas covered: This article offers a review of the relationship between GSK-3 and AD with a special focus on recent evidence showing a key role of GSK-3 activity in modulating cellular pathways controlling amyloid formation, especially through the control of β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 gene expression, as well as its role as a key regulator of neurogenesis. Expert opinion: GSK-3 appears to be a cellular nexus, integrating several signaling systems, including several second messengers and a wide selection of cellular stimulants. The next few years will certainly bring us further insights into the cellular functions of this fascinating enzyme and its potential as a therapeutic target in AD and other neurological disorders.
Dermal lymphatic emboli in inflammatory and noninflammatory breast cancer: a French-Tunisian joint study in 337 patients.

BACKGROUND We studied whether dermal lymphatic emboli (DLE) add independent prognostic information to the clinical definition of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). PATIENTS AND METHODS The study was performed in 2 centers, one each in France and Tunisia. For every patient with IBC, 1-3 patients with noninflammatory breast cancer (non-IBC) were included. All patients were to have a surgical tumor biopsy, including a sample of the skin surrounding the tumor. The endpoint was the risk of a relapse at 2 years, which was estimated using univariate and multivariate Cox models. RESULTS Three hundred thirty-seven patients were included (150 in France and 187 in Tunisia). The IBC status was divided into 2 clinical categories according to the extent of inflammation in the breast (localized IBC, which was defined as clinical inflammation in the tumor area, vs. diffuse IBC, which was defined as inflammation of at least two thirds of the breast). In total, 57 patients presented with localized IBC, 71 with diffuse IBC, and 209 with non-IBC. Dermal lymphatic emboli were found in 7% of non-IBC cases, in 25% of localized IBC cases, and in 45% of diffuse IBC cases. We found a significant interaction between the presence of DLE and diffuse IBC (P = 0.01). In patients with diffuse IBC, the presence of DLE increased the risk of relapse 3-fold. Conversely, DLE were not associated with the risk of relapse in patients with non-IBC, nor in patients with localized IBC. In patients with diffuse IBC and no DLE, the risk of relapse was similar to that of patients with localized IBC. CONCLUSION A DLE status might be a useful prognostic indicator exclusively in patients with diffuse IBC. However, because all patients with localized and diffuse IBC generally receive similar types of treatment, additional information on the presence or absence of DLE will not have an impact on treatment practice.
Shareholder wealth effects when an officer of one corporation joins the board of directors of another

Officers of large corporations, having demonstrated expertise in managing complex organizations, would appear to be ideal additions to the boards of directors of other corporations. Shareholder wealth effects are examined for 124 announcements in which an officer of one public corporation joins the board of directors of another. The results indicate that the values of nonfinancial firms that send directors to other firms decline significantly, while those of financial senders increase significantly. Receiving firms of both types do not gain. The results suggest that for nonfinancial firms the added duties of an outside directorship distract corporate officers from managing their own firms or are signals to the market that managers are available to other firms. For financial senders, the benefits of networking appear to strongly outweigh any drawbacks. Cross-sectional regressions suggest that prediction errors are higher for receiving firms if they have performed poorly prior to the announcement and less negative for sending firms if they have performed well prior to the announcement. Abnormal returns are negatively related to the size of the sender, adding support for the notion that busy executives are less valuable as outside directors.
The impact of ineffective internal control on the value relevance of accounting information

This paper investigates the value relevance of accounting information in the presence of ineffective internal control (IIC). Based on Ohlson’s valuation model, this paper first documents that IIC can directly affect a firm’s market value after control cost of capital, corporate governance, and other, value-relevant variables. Second, this paper finds that the value relevance of earnings and book value in determining a firm’s market value are significantly reduced. Collectively, the results of this paper indicate that the effectiveness of internal controls can directly affect a firm’s market value and the value relevance of accounting information.
Heterogeneity of child nutritional status between households: A comparison of six sub-Saharan African countries

Using cross-sectional data from Ghana, Malaw i, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, a multilevel analysis was performed to determine the extent of correlation of nutritional status between children in the same family and geographical area. Weight-for-age z-scores were used as a measure of nutritional status for children up to three years of age. The percentage of children who were under-weight ranged from 16 in Zimbabwe up to 36 in Nigeria. The effects of socioeconomic factors and individual characteristics on nutritional status between countries varied. However in all six countries, the child's age was the most important factor associated with nutritional status. A clustering effect at the household level was found in all six countries, ranging from 24 per cent in Tanzania and Zimbabwe to 40 per cent in Malaw i. There was also a significant, but smaller, clustering effect at community level for Malaw i, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Zambia.
DnaJB6 is present in the core of Lewy bodies and is highly up‐regulated in parkinsonian astrocytes

DnaJ/Hsp40 chaperones determine the activity of Hsp70s by stabilizing their interaction with substrate proteins. We have predicted, based on the in silico analysis of a brain‐derived whole‐genome transcriptome data set, an increased expression of DnaJ/Hsp40 homologue, subfamily B, member 6 (DnaJB6) in Parkinson's disease (PD; Moran et al. [ 2006 ] Neurogenetics 7:1–11). We now show that DnaJB6 is a novel component of Lewy bodies (LBs) in both PD substantia nigra and PD cortex and that it is strongly up‐regulated in parkinsonian astrocytes. The presence of DnaJB6 in the center of LBs suggests an early and direct involvement of this chaperone in the neuronal disease process associated with PD. The strong concomitant expression of DnaJB6 in astrocytes emphasizes the involvement of glial cells in PD and could indicate a route for therapeutic intervention. Extracellular alpha‐synuclein originating from intravesicular alpha‐synuclein is prone to aggregation and the potential source of extracellular aggregates (Lee [ 2008 ] J. Mol. Neurosci. 34:17–22). The observed strong expression of DnaJB6 by astrocytes could reflect a protective reaction, so reducing the neuronal release of toxic alpha‐synuclein and supporting the astrocyte response in PD might limit the progression of the disease process. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comments by the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on PCAOB Release No. 2015-004, Supplemental Request for Comment: Rules to Require Disclosure of Certain Audit Participants on a New PCAOB Form

SUMMARY: On June 30, 2015 the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) issued a supplemental request for comment on its 2013 reproposal to require auditors to disclose in the auditor's report the name of the engagement partner and information about certain other participants in the audit. The supplemental request solicited public comments on an alternative to disclosure of this information in the auditor's report, namely that audit firms report (1) the name of the engagement partner, and (2) the names, locations, and extent of participation of other audit participants in a new form (Form AP) to be filed with the PCAOB within 30 days of the date the auditor's report is first included in a document filed with the SEC. The comment period ended on August 31, 2015. This commentary summarizes the participating committee members' views on the alternatives presented in the supplemental request for comment. Data Availability: The exposure drafts of the proposed and reproposed rules, the supplemental requ.
Gender, Class, and Varieties of Capitalism

The "Varieties of Capitalism" (VoC) perspective is innovative and challenging for the comparative study of gender stratification. However, the project of "gendering the VoC" has some serious shortcomings. While the economic functionalism of VoC theory is in principle gender-neutral, it is in fact implicitly predicated on a man's world. A key proposition of the model, that social protection contributes to the functioning of labor markets is not applicable to women. Moreover, the model's blindness to political forces that are critical to women's employment limits its ability to explain cross-country variations in a major dimension of gender stratification. The VoC perspective is more valuable in explaining differences in women's insertion into the job structure. However, its insights into the effects of skills regimes on women's employment opportunities can be enhanced by attending to the intersection between class and gender. Skill specificity, the critical causal mechanism identified by VoC theorists, has different implications for women in different class positions.
Toward a Framework of Inclusive Social Studies: Obstacles and Opportunities in a Preservice Teacher Education Program.

Toward a Framework of Inclusive Social Studies: Obstacles and Opportunities in a Preservice Teacher Education Program Dennis Joseph Urban, Jr. This study explores how one secondary social studies teacher education program prepares prospective teachers for inclusive education. Drawing on theories of democratic citizenship education and Disability Studies in Education, inclusive social studies envisions a socially democratic educational setting that fosters the development of a community of learners, attempts to balance the unity and diversity of democratic citizenship, and adopts a curriculum that is flexible, participatory, and accessible to learners of all abilities. Addressing the dearth of research on the intersection of social studies and inclusive education, as well as the limits of what we know about how prospective social studies teachers are prepared for inclusive schooling, this study answers the research question, How does a preservice social studies teacher education program help prepare prospective teachers for inclusive social studies? In addition, I explore preservice teachers’ prior knowledge of and beliefs about disability, inclusion, and democratic citizenship, as well as the teaching and learning that take place within a social studies teacher education program. Over the course of one semester, I employed an instrumental case study design using an introductory questionnaire, multiple interviews and observations, and documents