Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Economic Analysis of Online Streaming: How the Music Industry Can Generate Revenues from Cloud Computing

This paper investigates the upcoming business model of online streaming services allowing music consumers either to subscribe to a service which provides free-of-charge access to streaming music and which is funded by advertising, or to pay a monthly flat fee in order to get ad-free access to the content of the service accompanied with additional benefits. Both businesses will be launched by a single provider of streaming music. By imposing a two-sided market model on the one hand combined with a direct transaction between the streaming service and its flat-rate subscribers on the other hand, the investigation shows that it can be highly profitable to launch a business which is free-of-charge for subscribers if advertising imposes a weak nuisance to music consumers. If this is the case, and by imposing an endogenously determined level of advertising which will be provided by homogeneous advertisers, the analysis shows that the monopolistic streaming service increases the price for its flat-rate subscribers in order to stimulate free-of-charge demand and to capture higher revenues from advertisers. An extension of the model by illegal file-sharing reveals that an increase in copyright enforcement shifts rents from music consumers to the monopolistic provider, moreover a maximal punishment for piracy will be welfare-maximizing.
Drug use in persons with and without Alzheimer's disease aged 90 years or more.

BACKGROUND increasing number of persons reach very high age but few studies have investigated their drug use patterns. OBJECTIVE to compare drug use among persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) aged ≥90 years to persons without AD with similar age and to younger persons with AD. DESIGN register-based data were from the MEDALZ cohort including all community-dwelling persons diagnosed with AD 2005-11 in Finland. They were identified from Special Reimbursement register. One comparison person without AD was matched with age-, gender- and region of residence. Persons with AD were divided to those aged ≥90 years (N = 3,319) and <90 years (N = 63,896) at the time of AD diagnoses. Drug use was analysed during a 6-month period after AD diagnosis. Logistic regression models were constructed to compare prevalence of drug use. RESULTS compared to comparison persons without AD with similar age, persons with AD aged ≥90 years were more likely to use antipsychotics (comorbidity adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.84, 95% CI 4.07-5.75; CI, confidence intervals) and antidepressants (aOR 2.45, 95% CI 2.14-2.80). In addition, persons with AD used more likely preventive drugs such as statins (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.04-1.38) and bisphosphonates (aOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.13-1.57). Compared to younger persons with AD, those aged ≥90 years were more likely to use psychotropic drugs (55.6% vs. 48.4%, aOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.21-1.39), including antipsychotics (aOR 1.40, 95% CI 1.28-1.52) and BZDRs (aOR 1.34, 95% CI 1.25-1.45). CONCLUSIONS the vulnerable oldest persons with AD receive a substantial burden of psychotropics.
Evidence of capillary hyperdiffusion in two-phase fluid flows

By means of an acoustic technique we record the saturation time and space dependence in a porous medium consisting of sandstone into which immiscible flows are driven. When a totally wetting fluid (here water) injection is performed (inhibition), in a prewet sample (i.e. a medium at irreducible water saturation), the capillary diffusion presents symptoms of hyperdiffusion, which means that the saturation profile extends more widely than in classical diffusion Nous suivons l'evolution dans le temps et l'espace des profils de saturation lors d'ecoulements non miscibles dans un gres poreux au moyen d'une technique acoustique. Au cours de l'injection d'un fluide totalement mouillant (eau-inhibtiion) dans un echantillon premouille (a saturation irreductible en eau), nous avons observe que la diffusion capillaire etait hyperdiffusive, c'est-a-dire que le profil de concentration s'etend plus loin que dans le cas de la diffusion classique
Prevalence of Primary Chronic Headache in a Population-Based Sample of 30- to 44-Year-Old Persons

Background: Prevalence data on primary chronic headache in the general population based on clinical interviews by physicians are lacking. Methods: In a cross-sectional epidemiological survey, a random sample of 30,000 persons from Akershus County, aged 30–44 years, were sent a postal questionnaire. Those with self-reported chronic headache within the last month and/or year were invited to a semi-structured diagnostic interview and a physical and neurological examination conducted by 2 neurological residents with experience in headache diagnostics. The diagnoses were made according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition, 2004, and relevant revisions. Results: The questionnaire response rate was 71%, and the participation rate of the interview was 74%. The 1-year prevalence of primary chronic headache was 2.9%. Chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) and probable chronic tension-type headache (pCTTH) had 1-year prevalences of 1.6 and 1.2%, respectively. The prevalences of other primary chronic headaches were: chronic migraine (CM) 0.01%, probable CM 0.09% and other subtypes 0.04%. Co-occurrence of migraine was frequent, as 42% with CTTH and 55% with pCTTH had migraine. Conclusion: Primary chronic headache is prevalent in the general population. The majority has CTTH or pCTTH, while CM and other primary chronic headaches are rare.
Evaluation of repellents for the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, vector of the laurel wilt pathogen

The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, is the vector of the laurel wilt disease fungal pathogen, Raffaelea lauricola. Since the vector's initial detection in the USA in the early 2000s, laurel wilt has killed millions of redbay, Persea borbonia, trees and other members of the plant family Lauraceae. To protect host trees from beetle attack and laurel wilt infection, we tested the efficacy of host‐ and non‐host‐derived and commercial compounds as X. glabratus repellents in field experiments. In our first trial, the major constituents of the non‐host tree, longleaf pine, Pinus palustris, and SPLAT Verb (verbenone 10%) were paired with manuka oil attractants and beetle captures were counted. Verbenone and a 1 : 1 blend of myrcene and camphene were intermediate to both the manuka positive and blank negative controls. Subsequently, we tested different blends of methyl salicylate (MeSA), a host defence and signalling compound, and verbenone in SPLAT dispensers using freshly cut redbay bolts as an attractant. All treatments reduced X. glabratus captures and boring holes as compared to the redbay (‐) repellent positive control; however, SPLAT Verb and SPLAT MeSA‐Verb (5% each) achieved the highest repellency, with results comparable to that of the non‐host (laurel oak). These trials establish that host‐derived and commercially available repellent compounds can reduce X. glabratus attacks and therefore have potential as part of an integrated management strategy against laurel wilt and its vector.
Effect of environment and variety on the relationships of wheat grain physical and chemical characteristics with ethanol yield.

BACKGROUND Following the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO), there is an increasing demand for wheat grain for liquid biofuel in the UK. In order to enhance productivity of the bioethanol industry, good quality wheat must be used. RESULTS A total of 84 grain samples comprising 14 varieties collected from 11 sites in two harvest years were analysed for a range of grain quality parameters and ethanol yield (EY). The grain quality parameters studied were starch and protein concentration, specific weight, grain density, packing efficiency, thousand-grain weight (TGW), grain length, width, length/width ratio and hardness index. Regression analysis was used to establish the relationships between grain quality parameters and EY. Apart from grain length and density, all grain parameters had significant relationships with EY. In the order of importance, protein concentration, TGW, packing efficiency and specific weight showed good relationships with EY. All other parameters, including starch concentration, showed a poor correlation with EY. EY and the relationship with the grain parameters were affected more by environment than by variety. Some sites gave consistently higher EY than others. When site and variety were considered with TGW and protein, a good prediction of EY could be made (variance accounted for = 87%). CONCLUSION Combining TGW and protein concentration could be a better indicator of EY than the current practice of specific weight and protein.
Extreme Host Plant Conservatism During at Least 20 Million Years of Host Plant Pursuit by Oak Gallwasps

Diversification of insect herbivores is often associated with coevolution between plant toxins and insect countermeasures, resulting in a specificity that restricts host plant shifts. Gall inducers, however, bypass plant toxins and the factors influencing host plant associations in these specialized herbivores remain unclear. We reconstructed the evolution of host plant associations in Western Palaearctic oak gallwasps (Cynipidae: Cynipini), a species-rich lineage of specialist herbivores on oak (Quercus). (1) Bayesian analyses of sequence data for three genes revealed extreme host plant conservatism, with inferred shifts between major oak lineages (sections Cerris and Quercus) closely matching the minimum required to explain observed diversity. It thus appears that the coevolutionary demands of gall induction constrain host plant shifts, both in cases of mutualism (e.g., fig wasps, yucca moths) and parasitism (oak gallwasps). (2) Shifts between oak sections occurred independently in sexual and asexual generations of the gallwasp lifecycle, implying that these can evolve independently. (3) Western Palaearctic gallwasps associated with sections Cerris and Quercus diverged at least 20 million years ago (mya), prior to the arrival of oaks in the Western Palaearctic from Asia 5–7 mya. This implies an Asian origin for Western Palaearctic gallwasps, with independent westwards range expansion by multiple lineages.
Purification of Actin from Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Characterization of Functional Differences from Muscle Actin*

Fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an important genetic model organism for studying the mechanisms of endocytosis and cytokinesis. However, most work on the biochemical properties of fission yeast actin-binding proteins has been done with skeletal muscle actin for matters of convenience. When simulations of mathematical models of the mechanism of endocytosis were compared with events in live cells, some of the reactions appeared to be much faster than observed in biochemical experiments with muscle actin. Here, we used gelsolin affinity chromatography to purify actin from fission yeast. S. pombe actin shares many properties with skeletal muscle actin but has higher intrinsic nucleotide exchange rate, faster trimer nucleus formation, faster phosphate dissociation rate from polymerized actin, and faster nucleation of actin filaments with Arp2/3 complex. These properties close the gap between the biochemistry and predictions made by mathematical models of endocytosis in S. pombe cells.
The Role of OROS® Hydromorphone in the Management of Cancer Pain

The vast majority of cancer patients experience pain, and treatment with opioids offers the most effective option for pain management. Long‐lasting opioid formulations are usually used as cancer pain management strategies. This review surveys the available literature on the only available once‐daily sustained‐release formulation of hydromorphone, and its use in cancer pain management. Sustained‐release (SR) formulations have a more consistent opioid plasma concentration, thereby minimizing the peaks and troughs associated with immediate‐release opioid formulations. OROS® hydromorphone (Jurnista™, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, NV, Beerse, Belgium) releases hydromorphone over a 24‐hour dosing period. Studies comparing its efficacy with other opioids such as morphine and oxycodone found comparable results overall. Recent trials have provided evidence of decreased rescue medication use for breakthrough pain, a good safety profile, and quality of life benefits. It appears to be an efficacious and well‐tolerated treatment. The pharmacokinetics of OROS® hydromorphone are linear and dose‐proportional, and only minimally affected by the presence or absence of food. In addition, the SR properties of OROS® hydromorphone are maintained in the presence of alcohol, with no dose dumping of hydromorphone. This formulation shows promise as an addition to cancer pain management strategies, although further randomized, double‐blind trials are needed to confirm this.
PRNU enhancement effects on biometric source sensor attribution

Identifying the source camera of a digital image using the photo response non-uniformity (PRNU) is known as camera identification. Since digital image sensors are widely used in biometrics, it is natural to perform this investigation with biometric sensors. In this study, the authors focus on a slightly different task, which consists in clustering images with the same source sensor in a data set possibly containing images from multiple unknown distinct biometric sensors. Previous work showed unclear results because of the low quality of the extracted PRNU. They adopt different PRNU enhancement techniques together with the generation of PRNU fingerprints from uncorrelated data in order to clarify the results. Thus they propose extensions of existing source sensor attribution techniques which make use of uncorrelated data from known sensors and apply them in conjunction with existing clustering techniques. All techniques are evaluated on simulated data sets containing images from multiple sensors. The effects of the different PRNU enhancement approaches on the clustering outcome are measured by considering the relation between cohesion and separation of the clusters. Finally, an assessment on whether the PRNU enhancement techniques have been able to improve the results is given.
Demodex folliculorum in rosacea based on a modified standardized skin surface biopsy

Summary Introduction. Rosacea is a chronic disease characterized by (depending on the sub- type) facial prolonged erythema, sometimes pustules or nodules. Rosacea affects all ages and sex with four subtypes. Pathophysiology aims to many different trigger factors like sun exposure, emotional stress or changed intestinal flora. Studies about Demodex mites according to different authors revealed that they may play a role in rosacea exacerbation in particular along with other triggers. Aim. An attempt to determine the role of Demodex mites among patients with rosacea. Material and methods. The study included patients with rosacea from 22 to 63 years of age. The patient status and content of hair follicles were assessed during two visits in our outpatient clinic. During the first visit, detailed medical history was taken, phys- ical examination and hypoallergenic adhesive were applied (nose, chin, cheeks and forehead) in order to pursue the content of the sebaceous glands. During the second visit, patients qualified to the research were again examined while adhesives have been removed. By using stereoscopic microscope Stemi 2000, Demodex mites from hair fol- licles were analyzed. Results. Initially, contents from hair follicles of 38 patients with rosacea have been examined. The presence of Demodex was confirmed in 11 patients. Most cases of con- firmed Demodex infestation concerned patients with papulopustular rosacea. Live sub- jects were collected only from the ales and the decrease in their motility was observed over the course of time after the removal of plasters from the skin. Conclusions. Obtained results confirming the infestation of 11 out of 38 patients with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea indicates Demodex folliculorum as a direct or indirect pathogen. Based on the results, we can state that among our patients Demodex mites were not a main trigger factor. Standardized skin surface biopsy is not a sufficient screen- ing test.
A Novel Bias Temperature Instability Characterization Methodology for High-$k$nMOSFETs

The power law dependence of the threshold voltage shift (DeltaV th) on stress time for high-k nMOSFETs is studied using a single-pulse Id-Vg technique. The power law exponent value is found to be strongly affected by fast transient charge detrapping during the stress interruption time, which may result in an inaccurate lifetime prediction. A new analysis method that eliminates the impact of the stress interruption time is proposed to evaluate bias temperature instability in n-type high-k devices
The Time-Varying Influences of Peer and Family Support on Adolescent Daily Positive and Negative Affect

The time-varying influences of peer and family support on adolescent daily mood were explored among youth transitioning from middle school to high school (8th to 9th grade, N = 268) as compared to youth transitioning from 10th to 11th grade (N = 240). Real-time measures of daily positive and negative affect (ecological momentary assessments) were collected via palmtop computers at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Participants rated 12 mood adjectives in response to 5 to 7 random prompts per day for 7 consecutive days. Perceived peer and family support were assessed via self-report. Mixed-effects regression analyses revealed significant grade by time by peer support interactions for positive and negative mood, with the younger cohort showing greater increases in the relation between peer support and affect over time than the older cohort. Family support did not interact with cohort or time.
Improved spatial learning performance of fat-1 mice is associated with enhanced neurogenesis and neuritogenesis by docosahexaenoic acid

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA), highly enriched in the central nervous system, is critical for brain development and function. It has been shown that DHA deficiency impairs cognitive performance whereas DHA supplementation improves the condition. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of DHA in brain development and function remain to be elucidated. By using transgenic fat-1 mice rich in endogenous n-3 PUFA, we show that increased brain DHA significantly enhances hippocampal neurogenesis shown by an increased number of proliferating neurons and neuritogenesis, evidenced by increased density of dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. Concurrently, fat-1 mice exhibit a better spatial learning performance in the Morris water maze compared with control WT littermates. In vitro experiments further demonstrate that DHA promotes differentiation and neurite outgrowth of neuronal cells derived from mouse ES cells and increases the proliferation of cells undergoing differentiation into neuronal lineages from the ES cells. These results together provide direct evidence for a promoting effect of DHA on neurogenesis and neuritogenesis and suggest that this effect may be a mechanism underlying its beneficial effect on behavioral performance.
Parental Influence on Second Generation Chinese-American Youth’s Career Choice and Development

How does access to this work benefit you? Let us know! Follow this and additional works at: http://academicworks.cuny. edu/gc_etds Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, Counseling Psychology Commons, Counselor Education Commons, Developmental Psychology Commons, Liberal Studies Commons, Social Psychology Commons, and the Student Counseling and Personnel Services Commons
Efficacy and Safety of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin in Patients with Poor-prognosis Acute Myeloid Leukemia

The objective of this work was to determine the safety and efficacy of gemtuzumab ozogamicin in patients with poor prognosis acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients with the following diagnoses/characteristics were treated with 1-3 infusions of gemtuzumab ozogamicin at a dose of 9 mg/m 2 : (1) relapse of AML h 6 months of first complete remission (CR); (2) AML refractory to chemotherapy at initial induction or at first relapse; (3) AML in second or greater relapse; (4) myeloid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML); (5) untreated patients S 70 years or S 55 years with abnormal cytogenetics (excluding inv 16, t(15;17) and t(8;21)) and/or an antecedent hematologic disorder; (6) refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEBT). Forty-three patients, ages 19-84 (mean 62), were treated, including 7 patients with untreated AML age >70 years, 2 with untreated RAEBT, 14 with AML first salvage (first remission 0-6 months), 15 with AML S second salvage and 14 with myeloid blast phase of CML. The overall response rate was 14%, with 4/43 (9%) patients achieving CR and 2/43 (5%) achieving CR without platelet recovery. The most significant toxicity was neutropenic fever, which occurred in 84% of patients. In conclusion, in patients with relapsed/refractory AML, gemtuzumab ozogamicin has a comparable response rate to single-agent chemotherapy and may offer a more favorable toxicity profile.
Drip Application of Alternative Fumigants to Methyl Bromide for Strawberry Production

Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne) is a high-value cash crop that benefi ts from preplant soil fumigation with methyl bromide (MB) and chloropicrin (CP). Methyl bromide will be banned in the U.S. and other developed countries by 2005 for most uses. Potential alternative chemicals to replace methyl bromide for soil fumigation include CP, 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), and methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) generators such as metam sodium (MS). Commercial formulations of these fumigants applied singly and in combination through drip irrigation systems were evaluated at two sites for three consecu- tive growing seasons as alternatives to MB:CP fumigation for strawberry production. A mixture of 1,3-D and CP was shank injected as Telone C35 (62% 1,3-D and 35% CP) at 374 kg·ha -1 . An emulsifi able concentrate (EC) formulation of 1,3-D and CP was applied as InLine (60% 1,3-D and 32% CP) at 236 and 393 L·ha -1 through drip irrigation systems in three amounts of irrigation water (26, 43, and 61 L·m -2 ). Chloropicrin (CP EC, 96%) was drip applied singly at 130 or 200 L·ha -1 . Metam sodium was applied singly as Vapam HL in three amounts of water and in combination with InLine and CP EC. Strawberry growth, fruit yields, disease pressure, and weed biomass were compared to an untreated control and shank injection with MB:CP mixture (67:33) at 425 kg·ha -1 . For soils high in pathogen populations, fruit yield from the untreated plots was 34% to 50% relative to the MB:CP treatment. The greatest (95% to 110%) yields relative to MB:CP were in the high rates of the InLine treatments. Yields from simultaneous drip fumigation with a combina- tion of Vapam HL and InLine or CP EC were less (67% to 79%) than yields from shank fumigation with MB:CP due to 1,3-D and CP hydrolysis reactions with Vapam HL or the generated MITC in the irrigation water that reduced the effi cacy of these combinations to control soilborne pathogens. Application of reduced rates of InLine or CP EC followed 6 days later with reduced rates of Vapam HL controlled soil borne pathogens and weeds and produced the greatest fruit yield relative to all treatments. Chemical names used: 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D); methyl bromide (MB); trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin, CP); sodium methyldithiocarbamate (metam sodium); methyl isothiocyanate (MITC).