Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Cooperative Learning In Teaching Critical Thinking In Reading

This study investigates how cooperative learning facilitates students in learning critical thinking in reading and to find out the benefits and challenges during the implementation of cooperative learning in one vocational school in Cimahi. A case study is utilized by using instruments of classroom observations, questionnaires, semi structured interview and students’ written tests. The findings show that the implementation of cooperative learning facilitates students develop their critical thinking and enhance critical thinking dispositions in reading. Three features which contribute to the development of students’ critical thinking in reading are: the encouragement of student-student interaction; the provision of group purposes; and the provision of stimulus to the students’ development of thought and ideas. The aforementioned features promote benefits which involved higher motivation and involvement, increased opportunity for language use, and developed interpersonal relationship. Nevertheless, these benefits are constrained by the availability of time, students’ English proficiency, and students’ contribution to the groupwork. It is recommended that further researchers conduct the similar study in a longer period to make sure that the key elements of cooperative learning are well-structured. Keywords : cooperative learning, critical thinking
Vegetation dynamics in Europe during the Neogene

INTRODUCTION In Europe, the Neogene is characterized by paleogeographic reorganization due to the collision of the African with the Eurasian plate. Orogenic belts evolved in central and southern regions and large foredeep basins and wetland areas extended along the arising orogenes. Altitudinal vegetation zonations successively developed in the new orogenes, and increasing altitudinal differences ultimately constituted floristic barriers. In addition to the global climatic changes, the tectonic development and sea level changes severely influenced the climate in Eurasia; the annual course of precipitation, its quantity, and its regional distribution changed, thus also altering the temperature realm. The Neogene European floral records are very rich and diverse (leaves, seeds-fruits, pollen, wood). However, they are not equally distributed over the continent but rather clustered in regions with appropriate sedimentation; some areas largely lack a fossil record. In certain regions, the latest investigations date to the 19 and early 20 century. The fossil record and its interpretation are typically restricted to only one of the plant organs (leaf or seed-fruit or pollen assemblages, respectively). As different plant organ assemblages are bound to specific taphonomic conditions, the derived interpretations may diverge considerably. Although the different plant organs often co-occur, they are only rarely evaluated jointly. In such cases, they offer a detailed and complementary rather than contradictory picture of the vegetation (e.g. Buzek et al. 1985, Kovar-Eder et al. 1998). Differences in preservation, investigation methods, reliability of age determination, and different "schools" of naming and treatment further complicate our profound large-scale understanding of the floristic and vegetational development.
A Case for Redistribution? Income Inequality and Wealth Concentration in the Recent Crisis

Several Nobel laureates economists have called for redistributive policies. This paper shows that there is a strong case for redistributive policies because the global increase of income inequality and wealth concentration was an important driver for the financial and Eurozone crisis. The high levels of income inequality resulted in balance of payment imbalances and rising debt levels. Rising wealth concentration contributed to the crisis because the increasing asset demand from the rich played a key role in the rise of the structured credit market and enabled poor and middle-income households to accumulate increasing amounts of debt. To tame the inherent instability of the current mode of capitalism it is necessary to reduce inequality.
IMPACT OF A SHORT-TERM SCHOOL VEGETABLE GARDENS PROGRAM ON FOOD-RELATED BEHAVIOR OF PRESCHOOLERS AND THEIR MOTHERS. SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

El proposito de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de un Programa de Huertas Escolares (PEHE) de corta duracion, dirigido a preescolares y sus madres, sobre el comportamiento alimentario, en relacion al consumo de verduras (CAV). La poblacion total, 231 diadas madre-preescolar fueron aleatoriamente distribuidas en: grupo control (GC, n=103) sin participar en el PEHE, y grupo experimental (GE, n=128), con participacion de los preescolares en el PEHE; sin embargo, en el GC y GE, 38 y 60 diadas, respectivamente, finalizaron el programa. Los preescolares del GE incrementaron el numero de comidas diarias y la frecuencia semanal en que ellos consumian verduras, como igualmente el numero de verduras que consumian (P< 0.02). Las madres del GE aumentaron significativamente el numero de comidas diarias en que consumian verduras (P< 0.01). Los hallazgos ponen de manifiesto la importancia de implementar un PEHE desde temprana edad para promover estilos de vida saludables.
Spacetimes dressed with stealth electromagnetic fields

Stealth field configurations by definition have a vanishing energy-momentum tensor, and thus do not contribute to the gravitational field equations. While only trivial fields can be stealth in Maxwell's electrodynamics, nontrivial stealth fields appear in some nonlinear models of electromagnetism. We find the necessary and sufficient conditions for the electromagnetic fields to be stealth and analyse which models admit such configurations. Furthermore, we present some concrete exact solutions, featuring a class of black holes dressed with the stealth electromagnetic hair, closely related to force-free solutions. Stealth hair does not alter the generalized Smarr formula, but may contribute to the Komar charges.
The Kenyan stock market: inefficiency, long memory, persistence and anomalies in the NSE-20

This paper examines the statistical properties of the NSE-20 index in the Kenyan stock market over the period 2001 to 2009. The analysis applies both unit root tests and long-range dependence techniques based on the concept of fractional integration. The results indicate that the order of integration of stock prices is significantly above 1, which implies the presence of long memory. This is also detected in the absolute and squared returns. The lowest degrees of integration (very close to zero) are found for Mondays and Fridays, and therefore, a day-of-the-week-effect appears to be present.
High productivity in an ice melting hot spot at the eastern boundary of the Weddell Gyre

The Southern Ocean (SO) plays a key role in modulating atmospheric CO2 via physical and biological processes. However, over much of the SO, biological activity is iron‐limited. New in situ data from the Antarctic zone south of Africa in a region centered at ∼20°E–25°E reveal a previously overlooked region of high primary production, comparable in size to the northwest African upwelling region. Here, sea ice together with enclosed icebergs is channeled by prevailing winds to the eastern boundary of the Weddell Gyre, where a sharp transition to warmer waters causes melting. This cumulative melting provides a steady source of iron, fuelling an intense phytoplankton bloom that is not fully captured by monthly satellite production estimates. These findings imply that future changes in sea‐ice cover and dynamics could have a significant effect on carbon sequestration in the SO.
Fluorine-doped TiO 2 : Role of trifluoroacetic acid ( TFA ) as a surface modifier

The type fluorine precursor used in preparing fluorine-doped TiO2 played a significant role in tuning the morphology, textural properties and growth direction of anatase {001} facets. The anatase growth in {001} direction is not favored by using trifluoroacetic acid. However, significant morphology changes is observed from spheres to square cuboids and compressed truncated tetragonal bipyramid in the fluorine-doped TiO2. With even low {001} facets concentration, the photocatalytic degradation activity of fluorine-doped TiO2 remained superior relative to un-doped TiO2. The enhancement is attributed to the efficient separation of photo-generated electron and holes due to the strong electronegativity and polarizing effect of fluorine adhering on its surface. Furthermore, the oxygen vacancies created during heat treatment further facilitates electron mobility towards the surface of the catalyst. Generation of free hydroxyl radical in solutions for fluorine-doped TiO2 has higher redox potential than that of a surfacebound hydroxyl for un-doped TiO2. Thus, the photo-kinetics is elevated. This paper reveals that it is possible to synthesize a highly active photocatalyst with the absence of {001} facets enhancements. Furthermore, this opens up larger possibility to use a different source of fluorine precursor to synthesize a photocatalyst with good physicochemical properties and is achievable by using a simple sol-gel method, as opposed to hydrothermal method. Author Comments: 14th October 2015 Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Karen Hindson European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry (EurJIC) Submission of Research Article Contribution to: Advanced Complex Inorganic Nanomaterials (ACIN 2015); Category: T2 Dear Editor-in-Chief, We are pleased to submit our research article, entitled "Fluorine-doped TiO2: Role of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as a surface modifier" to your esteemed journal by Emy Marlina Samsudin, Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid, Joon Ching Juan and Wan Jefrey Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation
Contrasted land use and development trajectories in the Brazilian Amazon

La foret amazonienne, plus grand massif forestier tropical sur terre, subit un deboisement rapide depuis quatre decennies. En Amazonie bresilienne, les fronts pionniers se concentrent dans l'Arc de deforestation. Dans cette vaste zone, des processus de changements varies interagissent au travers de plusieurs modes d'utilisation et de mise en valeur des terres. A partir de deux etudes de cas dans l'Etat du Para (Bresil), cet article analyse les dynamiques du paysage dans ces fronts pionniers tres contrastes et examine l'influence de facteurs tels que le developpement des infrastructures, les conditions ecologiques, les regimes fonciers, les politiques fiscales ainsi que l'organisation et l'evolution des filieres bovines. Les principaux objectifs sont d'illustrer, d'une part, la variabilite spatiale et temporelle des opportunites ou contraintes a la conversion des forets a des fins agricoles et, d'autre part, comment des conditions biophysiques et socio-economiques contrastees affectent tes dynamiques actuelles et futures de l'utilisation du sol et du developpement regional. L'approche repose sur la collecte et l'integration de variables-cles economiques et biophysiques dans une base de donnees georeferencees. Les outils d'analyse de paysage et la construction de modeles econometriques conduisent a l'analyse statistique conjointe des processus de changements d'utilisation du sol et des facteurs observables qui les influencent. (Resume d'auteur)
Regulation of Collagen Production by the β-Adrenergic System

: The suppression of collagen production by increasing the cyclic (c) AMP content of cultured cells was examined vis-a-vis the beta-adrenergic system. Cultured human fetal lung fibroblasts incubated for 6 h with the beta-agonists isoproterenol or epinephrine produced approximately 30% less collagen per cell than in the absence of the hormones. To demonstrate that the beta-agonists were operating by their interaction with the beta-receptor to stimulate adenylate cyclase to increase the intracellular content of cAMP, d- and l-isoproterenol were incubated separately with the cultured cells. Only l-isoproterenol increased intracellular cAMP and decreased collagen production. While 20 nM l-isoproterenol was effective, the d-isomer was ineffective even at 2muM. An increase in cAMP from 40 to 73 pmol/mg protein was effective in suppressing collagen production; increasing the cAMP content to much higher levels had little additional effect on collagen production. 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, an analog of theophylline that inhibits phosphodiesterase, potentiated the effect of isoproterenol in suppressing collagen production. Further support for the concept that isoproterenol suppressed collagen production by acting through the beta-receptor was provided by the finding that only the l-isomer of propranolol, a beta-blocker, was effective in blocking both the increase in intracellular cAMP and the suppression of collagen production caused by isoproterenol. These results demonstrate that collagen production in human fibroblasts can be regulated by the beta-adrenergic system and indicate that when the cAMP content is increased beyond a threshold value, collagen production is suppressed. Since collagen production is sensitive to the small changes of cAMP content of cells brought about by beta-stimulation in cultured cells, the results point to a possibly important mechanism for the regulation of collagen production in the body.
Parental Medicaid Expansions and Health Insurance Coverage

During the 1990s many states extended Medicaid eligibility to low-income parents who were not receiving welfare. We evaluate the effects of those expansions on health insurance coverage. To account for unobservable differences between expansion states and non-expansion states that may be correlated with both policy decisions and insurance coverage, we employ a within-state difference-in-difference technique that makes use of data only from expansion states. We find that the parental eligibility expansions increased Medicaid coverage of mothers with only small effects on private coverage. The expansions also increased the coverage of children, presumably by raising the benefit to the family of applying for coverage. We find substantial racial and ethnic differences in the effects of the expansions. As a result, the expansions help reduce racial and ethnic gaps in insurance coverage, particularly for adults.
Groundwater and nutrient discharge through karstic coastal springs (Castelló, Spain)

Abstract. Discharge of groundwater and associated chemical compounds into coastal karstic regions, which are abundant in the Mediterranean basin, is envisaged to be significant. In this study, we evaluate the groundwater discharge and its nutrient load to the open karstic site of Badum (Castello, East Spain). Salinity profiles evidenced that groundwater discharge from coastal brackish springs causes a buoyant fresher layer, as identified with thermal infrared images. Chemical tracers (radium isotopes, dissolved inorganic silicate and seawater major elements) have been used to determine a brackish groundwater proportion in coastal waters of 36% in October 2006 and 44% in June 2007. Based on a radium-derived residence time of 2.7 days in October 2006 and 2.0 days in June 2007, total SGD fluxes have been estimated in 71 500 and 187 000 m3 d−1, respectively, with fresh-SGD contributions representing 71% and 85%. The calculated SGD-associated nutrient fluxes, most likely of natural origin, were 1500 and 8300 μmol m−2 d−1 of DIN and 19 and 40 μmol m−2 d−1 of DIP in October 2006 and June 2007, respectively. These inputs may actually lead to or enhance P limitation, thereby altering the structure of biological communities in the area.
Which classroom service encounters make students happy or unhappy?: insights from an online CIT study

Purpose – This paper aims to explore satisfactory and dissatisfactory student‐professor encounters in higher education from a student's perspective. The critical incident technique (CIT) is used to categorise positive and negative student‐professor interactions and to reveal quality dimensions of professors.Design/methodology/approach – An exploratory study using an online application of the well‐established CIT method was conducted. The study took place at a large European university. A total of 96 students took part in the study on a voluntary basis and reported 164 incidents. Respondents were aged between 19 and 24 years (x=23.2) and slightly more female students (52 per cent) filled in the online CIT questionnaire than male students (48 per cent). On average, every student provided 1.7 incidents.Findings – The results of the critical incident sorting process support previous classification systems that used three major groups to thoroughly represent the domain of (un)satisfactory student‐professor enc.
Analysis of Heavy Organic Deposits (

A number of procedures to identify and measure the precipitates which result from petroleum fluids are presented. The fractions considered in this study include those in the categories of asphaltenes, resins, saturates (paraffin/wax), aromatics, inorganic minerals and diamondoids. A combination of deposition techniques, separation by centrifuge, filtration, gas chromatography, gel- permeation chromatography, and SARA (LC-HPLC) separations, and a number of other techniques are utilized to identify each fraction and quantify their concentrations. These procedures provide an understanding of the overall behavior of the species which precipitate as well as of the interactions among them. The results of such analysis are the cornerstone of any predictive and preventive measures for heavy organics deposition from petroleum fluids.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PERINATAL OUTCOME IN WOMEN WITH RECURRENT PREECLAMPSIA TO WOMEN WITH PRE-ECLAMPSIA WHO WERE NORMOTENSIVE DURING THEIR PREVIOUS PREGNANCIES

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pre-eclampsia is a systemic syndrome that occurs in 3-5% of the pregnant women and is the leading cause of maternal/neonatal morbidity and mortality. We designed a study to compare perinatal outcome in women with recurrent preeclampsia to women with women with pre-eclampsia who were normotensive during their previous pregnancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted in Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Government Medical College, Kozhikode for a period of 1 year from March 2013 to February 2014. We conducted this study in multiparous women who developed pre-eclampsia in index pregnancy (n=110). Among these, women who had pre-eclampsia in previous pregnancies (n=55) were compared to those who remained normotensive during their prior pregnancies (n=55). Maternal and foetal variables were compared. Multivariate logistic analyses were performed to examine the impact of pre-eclampsia on foetal outcome, preterm delivery, IUGR, still births adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS No statistical significant difference was observed between the 2 groups in terms of age, gravida, parity. Women who experienced recurrent pre-eclampsia were at elevated risk for early onset of pre-eclampsia, deranged laboratory investigations (Hepatic and Renal parameters, Coagulation Profile), higher chances of maternal complications, foetal mortality and morbidity (Statistically significant P <0.05). Foetal loss was higher in women with recurrent pre-eclampsia (14.5%) than in women with pre-eclampsia who had normotensive pregnancy history (1.8%). CONCLUSION Women with recurrent pre-eclampsia had a higher rate of perinatal loss compared to women with pre-eclampsia who were normotensive in their prior pregnancies.
Chapter 2 Obtaining Secrecy Through Intentional Uncertainty

The tremendous popularity of wireless medium for communications is mainly because of the broadcast nature, which allows access to multimedia and information without restriction on the user’s location. However, guaranteeing secure communication in a wireless medium is made difficult by the same broadcast nature, which makes it easy to eavesdrop on an ongoing communication, while making it nearly impossible to detect eavesdropping. The time-varying and unreliable nature of the wireless channels poses further difficulties. However, the same physical properties, which have a detrimental effect on reliability in communication, provide an opportunity to enhance the secrecy of communication, if used carefully. The foundation for the theory of secrecy systems was laid by Claude Shannon in [1]. He showed that perfect secrecy can be obtained only if the size of the secret key is at least as large as the size of the message. Perfect secrecy means that the intended receiver can decode the secret message without any error, while the eavesdrop cannot decode the secret message. The underlying assumptions in this analysis were,
SatBałtyk – A Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system – an ongoing project in Poland. Part 1: Assumptions, scope and operating range

Abstract This article is the first of two papers on the remote sensing methods of monitoring the Baltic ecosystem, developed by a Polish team. The main aim of the five- year SatBaltyk (2010–2014) research project (Satellite Monitoring of the Baltic Sea Environment) is to prepare the technical infrastructure and set in motion operational procedures for the satellite monitoring of the Baltic environment. This system is to characterize on a routine basis the structural and functional properties of this sea on the basis of data supplied by the relevant satellites. The characterization and large-scale dissemination of the following properties of the Baltic is anticipated: the solar radiation influx to the sea’s waters in various spectral intervals, energy balances of the short- and long-wave radiation at the Baltic Sea surface and in the upper layers of the atmosphere over the Baltic, sea surface temperature distribution, dynamic states of the water surface, concentrations of chlorophyll a and other phytoplankton pigments in the Baltic water, distributions of algal blooms, the occurrence of upwelling events, and the characteristics of primary organic matter production and photosynthetically released oxygen in the water. It is also intended to develop and, where feasible, to implement satellite techniques for detecting slicks of petroleum derivatives and other compounds, evaluating the state of the sea’s ice cover, and forecasting the hazards from current and future storms and providing evidence of their effects in the Baltic coastal zone. The ultimate objective of the project is to implement an operational system for the routine determination and dissemination on the Internet of the above-mentioned features of the Baltic in the form of distribution maps as well as plots, tables and descriptions characterizing the state of the various elements of the Baltic environment. The main sources of input data for this system will be the results of systematic recording by environmental satellites and also special-purpose ones such as TIROS N/NOAA, MSG (currently Meteosat 9), EOS/AQUA and ENVISAT. The final effects of the SatBaltyk project are to be achieved by the end of 2014, i.e. during a period of 60 months. These two papers present the results obtained during the first 15 months of the project. Part 1 of this series of articles contains the assumptions, objectives and a description of the most important stages in the history of our research, which constitute the foundation of the current project. It also discusses the way in which SatBaltyk functions and the scheme of its overall operations system. The second article (Part 2), will discuss some aspects of its practical applicability in the satellite monitoring of the Baltic ecosystem (see Woźniak et al. (2011) in this issue).