Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The outcome of oral mucosal grafts to the orbit: a three-and-a-half-year study.

A 3 1/2 year audit of the outcome of oral mucosal grafts was conducted at the occuloplastic service of Wentworth Hospital, Durban, South Africa. We studied 17 consecutive patients with ages ranging from 2 years to 83 years; young males predominated. The causative pathologies included six gunshot wounds, three retinoblastomas, two congenital abnormalities, two childhood traumas, a chemical burn, an occular pemphigoid, a stab wound and a firework injury. We treated 14 patients for a contracted socket, and performed mucosal grafts to the globe in the other three. Prostheses were successfully fitted in 12 of the patients with a contracted socket and in one patient with microphthalmia. Of the former patients, 10 had a good result and two had a fair result. Out of the 14 patients with a contracted socket, 10 required a repeat procedure. An onlay prosthesis was used instead of an inlay prosthesis in one patient because of the child's social circumstances; one patient was lost to follow-up. During the first year of the study, a thermoplastic conformer of Stent's composition was used. This was later changed to a plug of medicated paraffin gauze, which was easier to use. A permanent prosthesis was fitted 1 week postoperatively. The crucial factor for success was that there should be no delay between removing the plug and inserting the prosthesis. A single-stage reconstruction of the orbital wall and socket using costal cartilage and temporalis fascia together with an oral mucosal graft is discussed for reconstruction following gunshot wounds or retinoblastoma enucleation and radiotherapy. Oral mucosal grafts can be used successfully to reconstruct the conjunctiva on the globe and in the fornices.
How does activation loop phosphorylation modulate catalytic activity in the cAMP‐dependent protein kinase: A theoretical study

Phosphorylation mediates the function of many proteins and enzymes. In the catalytic subunit of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase, phosphorylation of Thr 197 in the activation loop strongly influences its catalytic activity. In order to provide theoretical understanding about this important regulatory process, classical molecular dynamics simulations and ab initio QM/MM calculations have been carried out on the wild‐type PKA–Mg2 ATP–substrate complex and its dephosphorylated mutant, T197A. It was found that pThr 197 not only facilitates the phosphoryl transfer reaction by stabilizing the transition state through electrostatic interactions but also strongly affects its essential protein dynamics as well as the active site conformation.
Research on the influence of PIN diode on limiter performance in power limiter

As a RF front-end microwave device, power limiters are often placed between the receiving antenna and the receiver, aiming at avoiding the rear circuit, such as LNA, being interfered or damaged by high power microwave. By analyzing the parameters of the PIN diode in the power limiter, the paper studied how these parameters affect the capabilities of power limiter, including insertion loss, power capacity, threshold level. By selecting several models of PIN diodes with different parameters, the effect of PIN diodes on performance of power limiter is studied. Moreover, under the condition of power injection, the behavior of the power limiter is also experimentally verified.
The Career Commitment of Contingent Workforce in Semiconductor Industry

The growth in the number of contingent employees is one of the most important developments in the labor market in recent years. Most studies focus on regular workers' commitment to the organization they belong. However, career commitment is the variable that describes one's attitude toward professional development. The study examines the relationship between goal instability and career commitment in the case of contingent employees working for a client company. The study uses a survey of 124 on-site engineers in the semiconductor industry. Hiring contingent employees is an important trend in the future, and its performance will be even more important to the client company than it is today. The results conclude that the client company cannot ignore this part of the workforce at a time when market flexibility is crucial. The client company should try to reduce or eliminate on-site employees' dissatisfaction with work circumstances if it hopes to ensure their positive attitude to work and high performance.
Direct interaction between causative genes of DYT1 and DYT6 primary dystonia

Primary dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions and in which dystonia is the only or predominant clinical feature. TOR1A(DYT1) and the transcription factor THAP1(DYT6) are the only genes identified thus far for primary dystonia. Using electromobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we demonstrate a physical interaction between THAP1 and the TOR1A promoter that is abolished by pathophysiologic mutations. Our findings provide the first evidence that causative genes for primary dystonia intersect in a common pathway and raise the possibility of developing novel therapies targeting this pathway. Ann Neurol 2010
Trabecular bone of growth plate origin influences both trabecular and cortical morphology in adulthood

Skeletal fragility is common at metaphyseal regions of long bones. The cortices of this region are derived by coalescence of trabeculae around the periphery of the growth plate, not by periosteal apposition, as occurs in the diaphyses. We therefore hypothesized that trabecular bone in childhood predicted both cortical and trabecular morphology in adulthood. To test this hypothesis, we measured distal radial and tibial structure using high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in 61 daughter‐mother pairs, mean age 12.5 years (range 7 to 19 years) and 44.1 years (range 32 to 50 years), respectively. The daughters' trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), thickness, number, and separation predicted the corresponding traits in their mothers. Their trabecular BV/TV also predicted their mothers' cortical thickness (r = 0.32, p = .02). By contrast, the daughters' cortical thickness did not predict their mothers' cortical thickness. The daughters had higher trabecular BV/TV than their mothers (mean ± SD, radius 0.134 ± 0.024 versus 0.124 ± 0.033, p = .03; tibia 0.145 ± 0.021 versus 0.135 ± 0.032, p < .01) owing to greater trabecular number, not thickness, and less trabecular separation. Abnormalities in the development of metaphyseal trabecular bone are likely to influence fragility in both trabecular and cortical bone of this region in adulthood. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A comparative analysis of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Portland cement.

The purpose of this study was to compare the composition of Portland cement and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). Samples of MTA and Portland cement were analysed for fifteen different elements by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-ES). Comparative analysis revealed there was significant similarity except there was no detectable quantity of Bismuth in Portland cement. Quantitative results are given in both parts per million (p.p.m.) and wt%. It was concluded that there is no significant difference between the 14 different elements in both Portland cement and MTA.
Homologies in Leaf Form Inferred from KNOXI Gene Expression During Development

KNOTTEDI-like homeobox (KNOXI) genes regulate development of the leaf from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and may regulate leaf form. We examined KNOXI expression in SAMs of various vascular plants and found that KNOXI expression correlated with complex leaf primordia. However, complex primordia may mature into simple leaves. Therefore, not all simple leaves develop similarly, and final leaf morphology may not be an adequate predictor of homology.
Atheist Horns and Religious Halos: Mental Representations of Atheists and Theists

Theists often receive the benefit of being stereotyped as trustworthy and moral, whereas atheists are viewed as untrustworthy and immoral. The extreme divergence between the stereotypes of theists and atheists suggests that mental images of the two groups may also diverge. We investigated whether people have biased mental images of theists and atheists. The results suggest that mental images of theists are associated with more positive attributes than images of atheists (Study 1), and these mental images influence who is believed to behave morally and immorally (Study 2). Together the findings suggest that mental images may represent a subtle mechanism reinforcing group-based prejudices.
Long‐Term Fate of the Bony Component in Neophallus Construction with Free Osteofasciocutaneous Forearm or Fibula Flap in 18 Female‐to‐Male Transsexuals

&NA; Female‐to‐male transsexuals have been operated on in the authors' department since 1975. Between 1981 and 1995, 46 patients underwent neophallus construction with a free osteofasciocutaneous forearm or fibula flap. The bony part of these flaps is embedded in tissue with excellent blood circulation, has no contact with the skeleton, and is free of mechanical stress. To evaluate the long‐term fate of the bony component of these flaps, the authors examined 18 of the 46 patients (39.1 percent) who had received a neophallus by means of one of these methods (12 with forearm and six with fibula flap) and who were willing to participate in the updating of the results of the previous two decades; this represented a follow‐up of 5 to 112 months postoperatively (average, 27.4 months). The following investigations were undertaken: clinical and radiologic examination, bone scintigraphy, magnetic resonance imaging, and histologic examination of the neophallus bony component. In all patients, the clinical examination showed no significant variations in the shape and rigidity of the neophallus bone. The radiologic examination showed a compact bone structure, and the magnetic resonance imaging proved the vitality of the neophallus in all patients, with no significant changes over time. Bone scintigraphy did not prove to be useful in determining the long‐term fate of the neophallic bony component. Histologically, subperiosteal neoformation of fibrous bone was shown, whereas the lamellar cortical bone was predominantly avital. The results of this study reveal the vitality of the bony component in neophallus construction with free osteofasciocutaneous flaps. Even 112 months after the procedure, it provided sufficient stiffness for sexual intercourse. This continuing adequate rigidity of the bony component, in addition to the wellknown advantages of the free osteofasciocutaneous flap, is further evidence of its usefulness in neophallus construction. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 109: 1025, 2002.)
Modulation of tubuloglomerular feedback by angiotensin II type 1 receptors during the development of Goldblatt hypertension.

It has been suggested that the increased levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) in the contralateral kidney of two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) Goldblatt hypertensive rats act to enhance tubuloglomerular feedback responsiveness and proximal tubular reabsorption and thereby exert a substantial sodium-retaining influence on the nonclipped kidney. The current study investigated the Ang II dependency of tubuloglomerular feedback responsiveness in the nonclipped kidney during the early stages of development of 2K1C hypertension. Stop-flow pressure feedback responses were assessed in the nonclipped kidney of 2K1C rats during control conditions and after systemic administration of the Ang II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan (10 mg/kg). In 1-week clipped and sham-operated rats, losartan administration decreased mean arterial pressure (from 143 +/- 6 to 123 +/- 2 mm Hg, P < .01, and from 129 +/- 2 to 106 +/- 5 mm Hg, P < .01, respectively) and attenuated the magnitude of the maximal feedback responses (from -12.9 +/- 1.2 to -3.0 +/- 0.3 mm Hg, P < .01, and from -13.2 +/- 1.5 to -3.6 +/- 1.1 mm Hg, P < .01, respectively). The decreases in mean arterial pressure were not significantly different in sham-operated and 1-week clipped rats. In 3-week clipped rats, mean arterial pressure was further elevated (163 +/- 6 mm Hg) compared with sham-operated rats (134 +/- 4 mm Hg, P < .01). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pure partial 7p trisomy including the TWIST,HOXA, and GLI3genes

Editor—The clinical findings associated with 7p duplication have been well delineated. They comprise large fontanelles and sutures, hypertelorism, large, apparently low set ears, high arched palate, hip joint dislocation or contractures, a high frequency of cardiac septal defect, and mental retardation.1-5 It usually results from malsegregation of a parental balanced translocation or through abnormal recombination caused by a parental inversion. Some cases, however, result from a partial de novo 7p duplication.6-15 Because these cases represent pure 7p segmental imbalances, they are of great interest in phenotype-genotype correlation studies. Here we present a case of pure 7p duplication resulting from an unbalanced inverted insertion of segment 7p13-p21.2 into the short arm of a chromosome 8. A comparative analysis of our case with those published previously suggests that the 7p21.1-p21.2 region might contain a critical region for the 7p duplication syndrome. Moreover, the presence in our patient of some opposite features of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, which is the result of haploinsufficiency of the TWIST gene,16 17 suggests that these findings may result from a triple dosage of this particular gene. The patient, a 24 year old man, was referred to us for further investigation because he had dysmorphic features and was mentally retarded. He was the fourth child of healthy, non-consanguineous, Lebanese parents. At birth, the mother was 26 years old and the father 31 years old. The family history was unremarkable. Pregnancy and delivery at term had been uneventful. Birth weight was 3800 g (75th centile) and length 58 cm (97th centile). A right talipes equinovarus was noted at birth. The baby was breast fed and discharged from hospital on the third day of life. A severe delay in developmental milestones was observed as he walked at 5 years of age and said only a few words …
Dorsolateral prefrontal hemodynamic responses during a verbal fluency task in hypomanic bipolar disorder

Neuroimaging studies have suggested prefrontal dysfunction in response to cognitive activation in bipolar disorder (BD). However, its characteristics in manic states have not been well understood. Thus, we compared prefrontal hemodynamic responses during a cognitive task between hypomanic and depressive states in BD. We then longitudinally compared hypomanic and subsequent euthymic states.
A 3 . 8 Gb / s LARGE-SCALE MIMO DETECTOR FOR 3 GPP LTE-ADVANCED

This paper proposes—to the best of our knowledge—the first ASIC design for high-throughput data detection in single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA)-based large-scale MIMO systems, such as systems building on future 3GPP LTE-Advanced standards. In order to substantially reduce the complexity of linear soft-output data detection in systems having hundreds of antennas at the base station (BS), the proposed detector builds upon a truncated Neumann series expansion to compute the necessary matrix inverse at low complexity. To achieve high throughput in the 3GPP LTE-A uplink, we develop a systolic VLSI architecture including all necessary processing blocks. We present a corresponding ASIC design that achieves 3.8Gb/s for a 128 antenna, 8 user 3GPP LTE-A based large-scale MIMO system, while occupying 11.1mm2 in a TSMC 45 nm CMOS technology.
Two Methods of Self-Sampling Compared to Clinician Sampling to Detect Reproductive Tract Infections in Gugulethu, South Africa

Objectives: To assess the validity, feasibility, and acceptability of 2 methods of self-sampling compared to clinician sampling during a speculum examination. Goal: To improve screening for reproductive tract infections (RTIs) in resource-poor settings. Study Design: In a public clinic in Cape Town, 450 women underwent a speculum examination and were randomized to self-sample with either a tampon or vaginal swabs. All specimens were tested for the same pathogens using the same diagnostic tests. Results: Self-sampling resulted in satisfactory validity for N gonorrhoeae, C trachomatis, bacterial vaginosis, and Candida species (tampons and swabs) and high-risk human papillomavirus (swabs only) when tested with molecular tests or microscopy, but not for T vaginalis by culture. Self-sampling was feasible and acceptable, but some women preferred speculum examinations, which allow the clinician to view the vagina and cervix. Conclusions: Although self-sampling should not replace speculum examinations in all circumstances, it should be explored further as an RTI screening strategy.
Characterization of outer membranes isolated from Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete

The lack of methods for isolating Borrelia burgdorferi outer membranes (OMs) has hindered efforts to characterize borrelial surface-exposed proteins. Here we isolated OMs by immersion of motile spirochetes in hypertonic sucrose followed by isopycnic ultracentrifugation of the plasmolyzed cells. The unilamellar vesicles thus obtained were shown to be OMs by the following criteria: (i) they contained OspA and OspB; (ii) they did not contain flagellin, NADH oxidase activity, or the 60-kDa heat shock protein; and (iii) their morphology by freeze-fracture electron microscopy was identical to that of OMs of intact organisms. Consistent with previous studies which employed immunoelectron microscopy and detergent-based solubilization of B. burgdorferi OMs, only small proportions of the total cellular content of OspA or OspB were OM associated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) fluorography of OMs from spirochetes metabolically radiolabeled with [3H]palmitate or 35S-amino acids demonstrated that the OMs contained both nonlipidated and lipidated proteins. This fractionation procedure was also used to isolate OMs from virulent and avirulent isolates of the well-characterized B. burgdorferi N40 strain. SDS-PAGE fluorography revealed that OMs from the two isolates differed with respect to both nonlipoprotein and lipoprotein constituents. When whole cells, protoplasmic cylinders, and OMs were immunoblotted against sera from mice persistently infected with B. burgdorferi N40, the majority of antibody reactivity was directed against intracellular proteins. The availability of isolated OMs should facilitate efforts to elucidate the complex relationship(s) between B. burgdorferi membrane composition and Lyme disease pathogenesis.
Imaging in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is divided into pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis (CB). Emphysema is defined patho-anatomically as “permanent enlargement of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, accompanied by the destruction of their walls, and without obvious fibrosis” (1). These lesions are readily identified and quantitated using computed tomography (CT), whereas the accompanying hyperinflation is best detected on plain chest X-ray, especially in advanced disease. The diagnosis of CB is clinical and relies on the presence of productive cough for 3 months in 2 or more successive years. The pathological changes of mucosal inflammation and bronchial wall thickening have been more difficult to identify with available imaging techniques. However, recent studies using Multi-detector row CT (MDCT) reported more reproducible assessment of air wall thickening.
Cognitive executive function in Down's syndrome.

OBJECTIVES The study investigated executive function in adults with Down's syndrome. DESIGN Participants with Down's syndrome (N=26) were compared with non-Down syndrome learning disabled participants (N=26). METHOD The two group's performance on a range of tests of executive function were compared. Groups were matched on age and a measure of vocabulary. RESULTS The Down's syndrome group performed at a significantly lower level on a number of tests of executive function. CONCLUSION It is suggested that impaired executive function in Down's syndrome is due to abnormal development of the prefrontal cortex in Down's syndrome. Tests of executive function may be sensitive to cognitive changes with the onset of dementia in people with Down's syndrome. Longitudinal studies examining changes in executive function in people with Down's syndrome are recommended.
Possible Synergistic Action Between Carbamazepine and Lithium Carbonate in the Treatment of a Manic Patient.

Carbamazepine has been proven to be efficacious in some pati ent s with affective disorders, notably those who have not responded well to lithium ca rbonate or neuro leptics (1,2,3) . For those who have responded poorly to either regimen, however, there have been no effective pharmacotherapies until recently, when case reports have suggested a possible synergistic action between lithium carbonat e and carbamazepine (4,5,6). The following case report supports this hypothesis.
Cancer Therapy : Clinical Molecular Insights on the Peripheral and Intratumoral Effects of Systemic High-Dose rIL-2 ( Aldesleukin ) Administration for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma

Purpose:We have previously shown that within tumors, recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2, aldesleukin) consistently activates tumor-associated macrophages and upregulates IFN-stimulated genes while inducing minimalmigration, activation, or proliferation of T cells. These effects are independent of tumor response to treatment. Here, we prospectively evaluated transcriptional alterations induced by rIL-2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and within melanoma metastases. Experimental Design: We evaluated gene expression changes by serially comparing preto posttreatment samples in 13 patients and also compared transcriptional differences among lesions displaying different responsiveness to therapy, focusing on 2 lesions decreasing in size and 2 remaining stable (responding lesions) compared with nonresponding ones. Results: As previously described, the effects of rIL-2 were dramatic within PBMCs, whereas effects within the tumor microenvironment were lesion specific and limited. However, distinct signatures specific to response could be observed in responding lesions pretreatment that were amplified following rIL-2 administration. These signatures match the functional profile observed in other human or experimental models in which immune-mediated tissue-specific destruction (TSD) occurs, underscoring common pathways leading to rejection. Moreover, the signatures observed in pretreatment lesions were qualitatively similar to those associated with TSD, underlining a determinism to immune responsiveness that depends upon the genetic background of the host or the intrinsic genetic makeup of individual tumors. Conclusions: This is the first prospectively collected insight on global transcriptional events occurring during high-dose rIL-2 therapy in melanoma metastases responding to treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 17(23); 1–11. 2011 AACR.