Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changing Business Models and Employee Representation in the Airline Industry: A Comparison of British Airways and Deutsche Lufthansa

In recent years, the notion of business models has gained momentum in management research. Scholars have discussed several barriers to changing business models in established firms. However, the national institutions of market economies have not yet been discussed as barriers, even though they can constrain the latitude of action of a firm's management. Based on interviews and a longitudinal content analysis, we analyse the extent to which full service carriers in two countries (British Airways in the UK and Deutsche Lufthansa in Germany) have adopted elements of a low cost model over time. Furthermore, we investigate how this process has been influenced by the differences in each national institutional context. We particularly focus on the role of the rights of employee representatives in changes in business models. Our results show that British Airways has moved its business model more in the direction of low cost carriers than Deutsche Lufthansa, although the business model of the former airline still differs significantly from that of a typical low cost carrier. We identify national institutions that potentially strengthen the position of employee representatives as a factor that can influence, and also act as a barrier to, business model change.
KAC-MOODY LIE ALGEBRAS GRADED BY KAC-MOODY ROOT SYSTEMS

We look to gradations of Kac-Moody Lie algebras by Kac-Moody root systems with finite dimensional weight spaces. We extend, to general Kac-Moody Lie algebras, the notion of C−admissible pair as introduced by H. Rubenthaler and J. Nervi for semi-simple and affine Lie algebras. If g is a Kac-Moody Lie algebra (with Dynkin diagram indexed by I) and (I, J) is such a C−admissible pair, we construct a C−admissible subalgebra gJ , which is a Kac-Moody Lie algebra of the same type as g, and whose root system Σ grades finitely the Lie algebra g. For an admissible quotient ρ : I → I we build also a Kac-Moody subalgebra gρ which grades finitely the Lie algebra g. If g is affine or hyperbolic, we prove that the classification of the gradations of g is equivalent to those of the C−admissible pairs and of the admissible quotients. For general Kac-Moody Lie algebras of indefinite type, the situation may be more complicated; it is (less precisely) described by the concept of generalized C−admissible pairs. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 17B67.
Evidence of Noisy Chaotic Dynamics in the Returns of Four Dow Jones Stock Indices

This research finds evidence of noisy chaotic properties in the returns of four Dow Jones indices, based on three tests of non-linearity and chaos. The study uses an average of 24,815 data points to correctly simulate chaos in financial time-series. The data consists of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (29,229 observations); Dow Jones Transportation Average (29,121 observations); Dow Jones Utility Average (21,150 observations) and the Dow Jones Composite Average (19,906 observations). The a) Brock, Dechert, and Scheinkman (BDS) test indicates that most of the Dow Jones indices are not iid series, except for the filtered residuals from the GARCH of the Dow Jones Utility Average. The b) rescaled range analysis shows that after scrambling the data, all Hurst exponents are above 0.5, and a trend-reinforcing property, which helps in the conclusion of having a chaotic process. Lastly, the c) correlation dimension analysis complements the initial findings and concludes the presence of a high dimensional noisy chaotic structure in the four Dow Jones indices.
The Aphroditidae (Polychaeta) from Australia, together with a redescription of the Aphroditidae collected during the Siboga Expedition

The family Aphroditidae is represented in Australian waters and the Indonesian Archipelago by 34 species in five genera, of which seven are new species. Previously described species from Australia are redescribed. The Aphroditidae collected during the Siboga expedition and described by Horst (1916a,b, 1917) are also redescribed and the relationship of this fauna to the Australian fauna discussed. In addition, the characters used to distinguish genera and species within the family and the variations exhibited by these characters are discussed, to facilitate a subsequent phylogenetic study of the group. A key to the genera and species represented in the Indo-Pacific is given. HUTCHINGS, P.A. & J. McRAE, 1993. The Aphroditidae (Po1ychaeta) from Australia, together with a redescription of the Aphroditidae collected during the Siboga Expedition. Records of the Australian Museum 45(3): 279-363. 279 The family Aphroditidae is poorly known from Australian waters. Day & Hutchings (1979) recorded 12 species in four genera, some of them are known only from their original descriptions, and for one of these species Aphrodita terraereginae no additional material has been found during this study. However, this family is well represented in Museum collections in Australia, especially those from deeper waters. We have therefore undertaken a comprehensive study of the Australian aphroditids. We have examined all the aphroditid material available in Australian state museums and the extensive collections of aphroditids made during the Siboga Expedition and described by Horst (1916a,b, 1917). In this paper we describe 34 species in five genera, of which seven are new species. For species previously described we have provided comprehensive descriptions as the original descriptions are typically very brief. Apart from the material collected during the Siboga Expedition few other aphroditids have been described from the Indo-Pacific. It is surprising that there is little overlap between the aphroditid fauna of Australian waters, and those recorded from Indonesian waters, as aphroditids are typically deep water species. However it should be stressed that relatively little material was available from northern Australia, where little deep water collecting has been undertaken. A recent revision of the genus Palmyra by Watson Russell (1989) has placed this genus in the family Aphroditidae. It was considered to be a member of the family Chrysopetalidae by Day (1967) and subsequently
Changes in the atmospheric CH4 gradient between Greenland and Antarctica during the Last Glacial and the transition to the Holocene

Significant variations in the interpolar difference of atmospheric CH4 concentration over the Holocene period were observed by Chappellaz et al., [1997]. Here we extend this study to the Last Glacial and the transition to the Holocene. We observe a gradient of −3±4 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) during the Last Glacial Maximum. It increases to 26±10 ppbv during the Bølling/Allerød and remains at 26±9 ppbv during the Younger Dryas cold period. On average, we find an interpolar difference of 14±4 ppbv during the cold phases and of 37±10 ppbv during the warm periods of the Last Glacial. With a three‐box model we derive from the measured gradients the contributions of methane from the Tropics and the mid‐to‐high latitudes of the northern hemisphere. The Tropics have been the largest source in all glacial epochs. The contribution by the northern latitudes have been very small during the last glacial maximum but surprisingly large during the earlier part of the glacial epoch. The model result suggests completely unexpected, that the higher atmospheric CH4 concentration during the warm Dansgaard/Oeschger events are caused by a higher source strength of the northern latitudes and not of the Tropics.
Survey of umbilical cord care practices and separation time in healthy new-born in Maiduguri, Nigeria

This study aimed at assessing the umbilical cord care practices and separation time in healthy new-born in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. A total of 365 women attending child welfare clinic were selected through systematic random sampling technique from three health care facilities in Maiduguri Metropolis. A self-developed and validated questionnaire was used to collect information from the women on common cord care practices and knowledge of standard umbilical cord care practices. The questionnaire was pretested in State Specialist Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State and the correlation coefficient of 0.87 determined. The result of the study revealed that common cord care practices among women in Maiduguri include the use of methylated spirit, hot compress, charcoal, Vaseline and table salt. Others were mixture of methylated spirit with traditional concoctions, toothpaste and cow dung were also found to be commonly used by the mothers. The mean umbilical cord separation time of 3.5 days (± 0.397) was observed with the unorthodox treatment of the cord. Although there was a good knowledge among the respondents with regards to standard umbilical cord care practice, there was however no commensurate practice. Therefore, there is an urgent need for cultural re-orientation most especially of women with regard and unhygienic traditional cord care practices on the new born.
The Analysis of Market Reaction on Dividend Announcements of Russian Companies

The paper is aimed at examining the market reaction on announcements about dividend payments of Russian companies. Though there are numerous papers devoted to this problem, their results are controversial, and they are rather related to developed markets than to developing economies. The understanding of signals that dividend announcements give companies’ shareholders and potential investors is important because it helps to improve the quality of investment and financial decisions.The peculiarity of this paper is that different sectors of economy are analyzed separately. The difference in reaction in different sectors of economy is revealed. The research is based on the event study methodology. The data sample consists of 115 announcements of Russian public companies for the period of 2009-2013.
MALDI-TOF MS Assessment to Identify Environmental Mycobacteria

Over the past few decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of mycobacterial species described. Currently, the genus Mycobacterium consists of 170 species. Most species are called nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and are potentially or rarely pathogenic and ubiquitous. One of the main challenges in mycobacteriology is the rapid and precise identification of these microorganisms. In this work, we compared two protein extraction protocols for the identification of 38 reference strains and clinical isolates, representing 27 species, by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to subsequently use the best method for identifying environmental mycobacteria. The results obtained with reference strains and clinical isolates showed that protocol A was effective in identifying 92.1% of mycobacterial specimens at the species level and protocol B, 50%. Therefore, protocol A was evaluated for the rapid identification of 27 environmental mycobacterial isolates. These isolates were subjected to PCR-restriction enzyme analysis (PRA-hsp65). Two isolates were misidentified by PRA-hsp65, whereas MALDI-TOF MS was able to identify them correctly. The results were confirmed by hsp65 and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Mass spectrometry has the advantage of being a simpler and faster technique than PRA-hsp65, and our results showed that MALDI-TOF MS is a valuable tool for the identification of environmental mycobacterial isolates.
Different Kinds of History: On the Nature of Lives and Change in Central Europe, c. 6000 to the Second Millennium BC

THE PAST WAS NOT JUST ONE other country, but many. In the ancient Near East, we know of individuals who would have understood the nature, if not always the causes, of inherited status, central control of stored resources, monumental architecture, markets, armies, and extravagant death rituals expressive of an ideology of personal and divinely sanctioned power. The early historical record of the area documents many such individuals already in the midto later third millennium BC, such as Ur-Nanshe and his son Akurgal of Lagash, Urnammu of Ur, founder of the Third Dynasty, or Sargon of Akkad, founder of the Akkadian dynasty, and his priestess daughter Enheduanna (Leick 1999). There were presumably predecessors, now undocumented as individuals, comparable to Narmer and the early pharaohs in Egypt (Kemp 1989), who would have lived through the key changes in political and economic centralization that constitute the emergence of urban states in the Near East around the end of the fourth millennium BC (Postgate 1992). Things were never like this in prehistoric temperate (that is, nonMediterranean) Europe. This difference has been recognized since before the days of Gordon Childe, who himself gave much attention to it and its explanation in the middle part of the twentieth century, and it has been repeated many times since (e.g. Sherratt 1982: 13; 1994, 1995). Many authors agree that it is not until as late as the mid-second millennium BC that small-scale chiefdoms appear in central Europe (e.g. S.J. Shennan 1986, 1993), coinciding in part with the appearance of a male warrior elite or aristocracy (Kristiansen 1998; Treherne 1995). Even thereafter, there is no convincing case to be made for state formation, nor even necessarily for the formation
Corporate governance, firm performance, and economic growth -- theoretical analysis

AbstractCorporate governance in today's modern economies is growing in importance within the growth accounting equation. Although we look at corporate governance as final product of 20/21st century economies, old economic growth theories were aware of its importance for growth and development. Roots of corporate governance go back to the ancient economies of India and Greece also. This paper offers a consistent literature review assessing the nexus between corporate performance and economic growth. Individual and cross-country studies show corporate governance in majority of the cases positively affects firms performance and in turn nations' economic growth. Empirical and theoretical research show corporate governance is an important growth determinant to be reviewed in the field of growth models. This article summarizes main findings providing future research directions on the corporate governance – economic growth nexus.
Rainfall interception, throughfall and stemflow in a secondary forest

The presence of forest or any other vegetative cover over an area of land influences the distribution pattern of rainfall. Some of the rain is intercepted and retained by the leaves and other parts of the trees and eventually lost to the atmosphere in the form of evaporation. The rain water that reaches the soil surface will arrive there by throughfall (passes directly through open spaces not covered by foliage or as drips from the vegetative parts of the tree) and also by stemflow (flows down the surface of the stem). Measurements of the amount of interception, throughfall and stemflow are therefore necessary towards understanding the role of a forest cover in the hydrological cycle in a forest ecosystem. Studies of rain interception, throughfall and stemflow have received little attention in Malaysia. Kenworthy (1970) reported one such study under primary and disturbed forests at Ulu Gombak Reserve. Teoh(1971) conducted a similar study in a rubber plantation at Sungei Buloh and Low (1972) reported the work done at Sungai Lui catchment area. This paper describes the results obtained from an investigation conducted at the Air Hitam Forest Reserve, Puchong, Selangor to find out the percent interception, throughfall and stemflow. The vegetation is typically a secondary lowland dipterocarp forest of the"Kedondong Kempas" type. An attempt was also made to relate crown area and diameter of trees at breast height (D.B.H.) to stemflow.
Management Compensation and Firm-Level Income Inequality

In recent decades, most developed countries have experienced a simultaneous increase in income inequality and management compensation. In this paper, we study the relation between management compensation and firm-level income dynamics in a general equilibrium model. Empirical estimation, of the model’s key parameters show that the rising management premium is indeed the main driving force behind the observed increase in income inequality. This is the case even when other potential sources such as technological progress and skill-biased technological change are taken into account. We also show that a rising management premium produces income distribution dynamics at the firm level which are similar to those observed at the market level, i.e. rising income inequality overall as well as within and between education groups.
The Substance of False Confessions

A puzzle is raised by cases of false confessions: How could an innocent on convincingly confess to a crime? Postconviction DNA testing has now exonerated over 250 convicts, more than forty of whom falsely confessed to rapes and murders. As a result, there is a new awareness that innocent people falsely confess, often due to psychological pressure placed upon them during police interrogations. Scholars increasingly examine the psychological techniques that can cause people to falsely confess and document instances of known false confessions. This Article takes a different approach, by examining the substance of false confessions, including what was said during interrogations and how the confession statements were then litigated at trial and postconviction. Doing so sheds light on the phenomenon of confession contamination. Not only can innocent people falsely confess, but all except two of the exonerees studied were induced to deliver false confessions with surprisingly rich, detailed, and accurate information. We now know that those details could not have likely originated with these innocent people, but rather must have been disclosed to them, most likely during the interrogation process. However, our constitutional criminal procedure does not regulate the postadmission interrogation process, nor do courts evaluate the reliability of confessions. This Article outlines a series of reforms that focus on the insidious problem of contamination, particularly videotaping interrogations in their entirety, but also reframing police procedures, trial practice, and judicial review. Unless criminal procedure is reoriented towards the reliability of the substance of confessions, contamination of facts may continue to go undetected, resulting in miscarriages of justice.
Effect of Four Iranian Natural Pozzolans on Concrete Durability against Chloride Penetration and Sulfate Attack

Sulfate attacks and chloride corrosion are the most important problems concerning the durability of concrete structures in hot regions of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Natural pozzolans are natural mineral admixtures which can improve concrete durability against sulfate attacks and chloride corrosion. This paper presents the results of experimental study on the effect of natural pozzolans: Jajrood Truss, Eskandan Pumice, Abyek Tuff, and Khash Pumice, on the ordinary structural concrete durability. Concrete specimens were made of three pozzolan replacement levels, and Rapid Chloride Penetration test, Electrical Resistance test, and Half Cell Potential test were conducted at different ages. In addition, strength reductions and mass changes of concrete specimens immersed in sodium sulfate solution and expansion of concrete prisms immersed in sodium sulfate solution and magnesium sulfate solution were studied. Generally, the results indicate that natural pozzolans have positive effects on concrete specimen resistance to the chloride ions penetration and bars corrosion in comparison with concretes containing ordinary cement.
GRACE and TIMI scores in predicting the extension of coronary artery disease in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction

Amac: TIMI ve GRACE risk skorlarinin koroner arter hastaliginin ciddiyetinin ve yayginliginin bir gostergesi olan SYNTAX skoru ile korelasyonunu degerlendirmeyi amacladik.Yontemler: ST elevasyonsuz miyokard infarktusu nedeniyle acilimize basvuran ve koroner anjiyografi yapilan hastalar calismaya alindi. TIMI ve GRACE risk skorlari hesaplandi, koroner arter hastaliginin ciddiyeti ve yayginligi SYNTAX skor algoritmasi kullanilarak degerlendirildi.Bulgular: 145 hastayi (ortalama yas 59,41±11.04 yil, %29 bayan) degerlendirdik. GRACE risk skoru baz alindiginda hastane ici olum icin dusuk riskli grupta SYNTAX skoru 12,22±8,70, orta riskli olanlarda 16,66±8,01, yuksek riskli olanlarda 22,48±11,42 idi (ANOVA, p 33) SYNTAX skoru olan ve olmayan hastalar icin iyi bir ayirt etme kapasitesi gostermistir, ROC egrisi altinda alan 0,804 (CI 0,660-0,948, p=0,002); fakat TIMI skoru ayirt etme kapasitesi gostermedi, ROC egrisi altindaki alan 0,532 (CI 0,358-0,749, p=0,749) idi.Sonuc: Yuksek GRACE risk skoru ciddi ve yaygin koroner arter hastaligi olan hastalari ongormede faydali olabilir
Estimation of atmospheric nutrient inputs to the Atlantic Ocean from 50°N to 50°S based on large‐scale field sampling: Iron and other dust‐associated elements

Atmospheric inputs of mineral dust supply iron and other trace metals to the remote ocean and can influence the marine carbon cycle due to iron's role as a potentially limiting micronutrient. Dust generation, transport, and deposition are highly heterogeneous, and there are very few remote marine locations where dust concentrations and chemistry (e.g., iron solubility) are routinely monitored. Here we use aerosol and rainwater samples collected during 10 large‐scale research cruises to estimate the atmospheric input of iron, aluminum, and manganese to four broad regions of the Atlantic Ocean over two 3 month periods for the years 2001–2005. We estimate total inputs of these metals to our study regions to be 4.2, 17, and 0.27 Gmol in April–June and 4.9, 14, and 0.19 Gmol in September–November, respectively. Inputs were highest in regions of high rainfall (the intertropical convergence zone and South Atlantic storm track), and rainfall contributed higher proportions of total input to wetter regions. By combining input estimates for total and soluble metals for these time periods, we calculated overall percentage solubilities for each metal that account for the contributions from both wet and dry depositions and the relative contributions from different aerosol types. Calculated solubilities were in the range 2.4%–9.1% for iron, 6.1%–15% for aluminum, and 54%–73% for manganese. We discuss sources of uncertainty in our estimates and compare our results to some recent estimates of atmospheric iron input to the Atlantic.