Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grafted Watermelon Root Length Density and Distribution under Different Soil Moisture Treatments

Delineating the depth and extent of the watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum. & Nak. ) root zone assists with proper irrigation management and minimizes nutrientleaching.Theobjectiveofthis3-yearfieldstudywastomeasurerootdistribution and root length density of watermelon (cv. Wrigley) grafted on two different rootstocks (Lagenaria siceraria cv. 'FR Strong' and Cucurbita moschata 3 Cucurbita maxima cv. Chilsung Shintoza) and grown under three soil moisture treatments. Irrigation treatments tested were: no irrigation (NI), briefly irrigated for fertigation and early- season plant establishment; minimally irrigated (MI), irrigated when soil moisture in top 0.30 m of soil fell below 50% available water capacity (AWC); well irrigated (WI), irrigated when soil moisture in top 0.30 m of soil fell below 15% (AWC). Root length density (RLD) was measured from 75-cm-deep soil cores at two locations three times per growing season and a third location at the end of the season. Cores 1 and 2 sample locations were 15 cm to the side of each plant: Core 1 on the same side as the drip tape and Core2onthe oppositeside.Attheendoftheseason,Core3wastaken15 cmoutside of the bed in bare ground. RLD was significantly greater in the 0- to 30-cm soil depth and dropped dramatically below 30 cm; it was not significantly affected by irrigation treatment or rootstock. Core 1, next to the drip tape, had greater RLD than Core 2, 30 cm from drip tape, but only at the later sampling dates. Roots were found in Core 3 at all depths, but the RLD was significantly less than that measured in Cores 1 and 2. These findings suggest that the effective root zone depth for watermelon is0 to 30 cmand that the particularscion/rootstockcombinationstestedinthisstudydonotdifferinrootsystemsize or location.
Observación y análisis de las acciones ofensivas de la selección española de fútbol en la Eurocopa de 2008 y en el mundial de 2010

Este estudio se inscribe en el marco de las investigaciones sobre la accion de juego y forma parte de los estudios que han tomado la Metodologia Observacional como referencia de investigacion. El objetivo general que se persigue en el presente estudio es observar y analizar la accion de juego en futbol de la seleccion espanola y de sus Rivales en la Eurocopa de Austria-Suiza de 2008 y en el Mundial de Sudafrica de 2010. Hemos escogido la Eurocopa de Austria y Suiza de 2008 y el Mundial de Sudafrica de 2010, concretamente los 13 encuentros de la seleccion espanola, que se proclamo campeon en ambos torneos. Vamos a utilizar en la elaboracion de nuestra herramienta observacional una combinacion de sistemas de categorias y formatos de campo constituido por 7 criterios: equipo, zona de juego, contexto de interaccion, proporcion numerica, accion de juego, demarcacion y jugador. Los partidos fueron registrados con el programa MOTS. En cuanto a los resultados, se establecieron seis tipos diferentes: analisis descriptivos de las frecuencias totales y de cada uno de los partidos; tablas de contingencia del criterio accion de juego; analisis de variancia y generalizabilidad; analisis discriminantes entre Espana y los Rivales; analisis secuenciales de tecnica de retardos para todas las categorias; y analisis de coordenadas polares para las categorias que fueron discriminantes entre la seleccion espanola y sus Rivales. Finalmente, podemos concluir que se ha aportado una mayor informacion sobre las acciones de juego ofensivas en el futbol, especialmente las referidas a lo desarrollado por la seleccion espanola de futbol en la Euro? 08 y el Mundial? 10 y a sus Rivales.
Lateral Eye Movement: Elusive Personality Correlates and Moderate Stability Estimates

After being asked a reflective question, S usually makes a lateral eye movement, right or left, before answering. Two studies, one of children and one of adults, examined: (a) personality correlates of eye movement and (b) reliability of eye movement both within and across sessions. Reliability estimates were high within a single session and moderate between briefly separated sessions for both children and adults. The failure to replicate previous findings regarding personality characteristics of right- and left-movers was attributed to the low reliability of personality measures.
Dinâmica da mudança de uso e cobertura da terra e adequação ambiental dos municípios de Bonito (MS) e Brotas (SP).

Os municipios de Bonito, MS e Brotas, SP sao dois principais destinos de ecoturismo do Brasil e caracterizam-se pela economia atrelada a agropecuaria. Entretanto, com o desenvolvimento nas ultimas decadas do turismo ecologico, que passou a ser outro setor gerador de recursos financeiros, a vegetacao florestal nativa que protege os rios e outras paisagens naturais turisticas passou a ser valorizada. Nesse estudo avaliou-se no periodo de trinta anos (1988-2018) a mudanca do uso e cobertura da terra (LUC) e as implicacoes da competicao entre agropecuaria e vegetacao florestal nativa no espaco rural. Por meio de tecnicas de geoprocessamento, fez se o mapeamento de uso e cobertura das terras em 1988, 2018 e delimitaram-se as Areas de Preservacao Permanente (APPs) das margens dos rios nos dois municipios. Tanto em Bonito quanto em Brotas as areas de floresta nativa aumentaram. Em Bonito essas areas representam atualmente cerca de 50% do municipio ante 40% em 1988. A paisagem florestal e entremeada por areas de pastagens, soja e milho que completam os outros 50%. Foram identificados 16.877,1 ha de APP, sendo que 2.423,8 ha devem ser recompostos. Em Brotas as florestas nativas tiveram um aumento timido no periodo e atualmente ocupam somente cerca de 20% da paisagem que e formada principalmente pelas culturas agroindustriais da cana-de-acucar, eucalipto e citros que competem por espaco entre si e avancam a cada ano sobre as areas de pastagens. Em Brotas 1.187 ha de APP deverao ser recuperados nas margens dos rios.
Histologic and immunohistochemical characterization of lens capsular plaques in dogs with cataracts.

OBJECTIVE To determine histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of the multifocal adherent plaques that commonly develop on the internal surfaces of the anterior and posterior lens capsules in dogs with cataracts. SAMPLE POPULATION 31 anterior and 4 posterior capsular specimens collected during lens extraction surgery in dogs with cataracts. PROCEDURE Specimens were evaluated, using light and transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to localize cytokeratin, vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle-specific actin, fibronectin, tenascin, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) within plaques. RESULTS Histologically, plaques comprised elongated spindle-shaped cells that formed a placoid mass. Cells were embedded in an extracellular matrix containing collagen fibrils, often with duplicated or split basement membranes. Immunohistochemically, normal lens epithelial cells and cells within plaques stained for vimentin. Most cells and some areas of the extracellular matrix within plaques stained for TGF-beta and alpha-smooth muscle-specific actin. Fibronectin and tenascin were also detected in the extracellular matrix. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Canine lens capsular plaques are histologically and immunohistochemically similar to posterior capsule opacification and subcapsular cataracts in humans, which suggests that the canine condition, like the human conditions, is associated with fibrous metaplasia of lens epithelial cells. Transforming growth factor-beta may play a role in the genesis of capsular plaques. Because severity of plaques was correlated with stage of cataract development, earlier surgical removal of cataracts may be useful to avoid complications associated with plaque formation.
Strategic order splitting, order choice, and aggressiveness: Evidence from the Taiwan futures exchange

We investigate the strategic order‐splitting behavior and order aggressiveness of different types of traders using a unique dataset on the Taiwan Futures Exchange. By examining the trades and orders for each and every account, we find that, as compared with domestic institutional traders and individual traders, foreign institutional traders and futures proprietary firms are more likely to split their orders and it appears that the price adjustments after their trades are permanent. Foreign institutional traders and futures proprietary firms seem to be better informed, with their orders apparently being split so as to reveal their information on a gradual basis. Furthermore, we find that foreign institutional traders and futures proprietary firms use fewer market orders, choosing instead to submit aggressive limit orders, possibly due to their desire to make the most of their information advantage. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:1102–1129, 2009
Early-stage visual processing deficits in schizophrenia

Purpose of review While cognitive dysfunction including memory and attentional deficits are well known in schizophrenia, recent work has also shown basic sensory processing deficits. Deficits are particularly prominent in the visual system and may be related to cognitive deficits and outcome. This article reviews studies of early-stage visual processing in schizophrenia published during the past year. These studies reflect the growing interest and importance of sensory processing deficits in schizophrenia. Recent findings The visual system is divided into magnocellular and parvocellular pathways which project to dorsal and ventral visual areas. Recent electrophysiological and behavioral investigations have found preferential magnocellular/dorsal stream dysfunction, with some deficits in parvocellular function as well. These early-stage deficits appear to be related to higher level cognitive, social, and community function. Structural studies of occipital cortex and particularly optic radiations provide anatomical support for early visual processing dysfunction. Summary These findings highlight the importance of sensory processing deficits, in addition to higher cognitive dysfunction, for understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Understanding the nature of sensory processing deficits may provide insight into mechanisms of pathology in schizophrenia, such as N-methyl-D-aspartate dysfunction or impaired signal amplification, and could lead to treatment strategies including sensory processing rehabilitation that may improve outcome. Abbreviations LGN: lateral geniculate nucleus; ssVEP: steady-state visual evoked potential; VEP: visual evoked potential.
Combining Antidepressants in Acute Treatment of Depression: A Meta-Analysis of 38 Studies Including 4511 Patients

Objective: Combining antidepressants (ADs) for therapy of acute depression is frequently employed, but randomized studies have yielded conflicting results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at determining efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CENTRAL databases were systematically searched through March 2014 for controlled studies comparing combinations of ADs with AD monotherapy in adult patients suffering from acute depression. The prespecified primary outcome was standardized mean difference (SMD), secondary outcomes were response, remission, and dropouts. Results: Among 8688 articles screened, 38 studies were eligible, including 4511 patients. Combination treatment was statistically, significantly superior to monotherapy (SMD 0.29; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.42). During monotherapy, slightly fewer patients dropped out due to adverse events (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.53 to 1.53). Studies were heterogeneous (I2 = 63%), and there was indication of moderate publication bias (fail-safe N for an effect of 0.1:44), but results remained robust across prespecified secondary outcomes and subgroups, including analyses restricted to randomized controlled trials and low risk of bias studies. Meta-regression revealed an association of SMD with difference in imipramine-equivalent dose. Combining a reuptake inhibitor with an antagonist of presynaptic α2-autoreceptors was superior to other combinations. Conclusion: Combining ADs seems to be superior to monotherapy with only slightly more patients dropping out. Combining a reuptake inhibitor with an antagonist of presynaptic α2-autoreceptors seems to be significantly more effective than other combinations. Overall, our search revealed a dearth of well-designed studies.
An Accurate Charge-Control-Based Approach for Noise Performance Assessment of a Symmetric Tied-Gate InAlAs/InGaAs DG-HEMT

Noise performance analysis of a symmetric tied-gate InAlAs/InGaAs double-gate (DG) high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is presented using an accurate charge-control-based noise model. The intrinsic noise coefficients are obtained in terms of which the various noise performance parameters, including, the noise resistance and the Minimum noise figure are evaluated. The effect of the parasitic source and gate resistances has also been incorporated to obtain extrinsic minimum noise figure. The results obtained show improved noise performance of DG-HEMT as compared to the single-gate HEMT in terms of lower minimum noise figure. The analytical results obtained are validated with the ATLAS device simulation results as well as with the experimental and Monte Carlo simulation data.
Dynamic Block-Based Parameter Estimation for MRF Classification of High-Resolution Images

A Markov random field is a graphical model that is commonly used to combine spectral information and spatial context into image classification problems. The contributions of the spatial versus spectral energies are typically defined by using a smoothing parameter, which is often set empirically. We propose a new framework to estimate the smoothing parameter. For this purpose, we introduce the new concepts of dynamic blocks and class label cooccurrence matrices. The estimation is then based on the analysis of the balance of spatial and spectral energies computed using the spatial class co-occurrence distribution and dynamic blocks. Moreover, we construct a new spatially weighted parameter to preserve the edges, based on the Canny edge detector. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method on three data sets: a multispectral DigitalGlobe WorldView-2 and two hyperspectral images, recorded by the AVIRIS and the ROSIS sensors, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed method succeeds in estimating the optimal smoothing parameter and yields higher classification accuracy values when compared with state-of-the-art methods.
Anxiolytic-like activity of agomelatine and melatonin in three animal models of anxiety

The activity of the novel antidepressant agomelatine was evaluated in three models of anxiety and compared with that of melatonin and two anxiolytics, diazepam and buspirone. All drugs were tested 2 h before and 2 h after the dark phase of the diurnal cycle. Morning and evening agomelatine (10–75 mg/kg) administration increased animals’ responses in the elevated plus maze and Vogel tests. Melatonin (10–75 mg/kg) enhanced open arms exploration in the evening experiment and was inactive in the Vogel test. In the conditioned ultrasonic vocalization test, agomelatine, but not melatonin, was active in the morning and evening experiment. Melatonin antagonist, S22153 (20 mg/kg), enhanced the action of morning and evening agomelatine administration in the Vogel and conditioned ultrasonic vocalization tests, while in the elevated plus maze test, S22153 inhibited effects of evening but not morning melatonin and agomelatine administration. These results indicate the involvement of both the melatonin and the 5-HT2C receptors in the mechanism of anxiolytic-like action of agomelatine.
Comparative quantification of diverse serotypes of HIV‐1 in plasma from a diverse population of patients

HIV‐1 is characterised by extensive genetic variability encompassing at least 10 different phylogenetically related clades within the major group of HIV‐1 subtypes. Most commercially available HIV‐1 RNA plasma viral load assays have been optimised with clade B viruses and may yield misleadingly low RNA levels for nonclade B viruses that are increasingly found in Europe. In this study we compare the most recent versions of the Roche Amplicor HIV Monitor and the Chiron Quantiplex for ability to detect viraemia in a population of patients infected with a range of HIV‐1 subtypes. EDTA‐treated plasma was obtained from 206 patients. The Amplicor and Quantiplex assays were carried out in accordance with manufacturers' instructions. Results from 53/206 (25.7%) samples differed by >0.4 log between Amplicor 1.5 and Quantiplex 3.0. A >0.5 log and 1.0 log difference was detected between Amplicor 1.5 and Quantiplex 3.0 in 37/206 (17.9%) and 7/206 (3.4%) of samples, respectively. Overall, Amplicor 1.5 gave a median value of 0.22 log higher than Quantiplex 3.0. Discordant results were detected in 53 out of 206 (25.7%) samples. Of these 22 out of 123 (17.9%) samples were of UK origin, 18 out of 43 (41.9%) African, 1 out of 8 (12.5%) South American, 1 out of 6 (16.7%) North American, 4 out of 9 (44.4%) North European, 3 out of 11 (23.7%) South European and 3 out of 7 (42.3%) Asian samples, respectively. Serotyping revealed that discordant viral load results between Amplicor 1.5 and Quantiplex 3.0 occurred within samples from all subtypes (A–E). Despite the improvements made to both the Roche Amplicor and the Chiron Quantiplex assays discordant results were detected between the two assays in 25.7% of cases. In a substantial minority of patients there were major discrepancies between the two assays that were not explained by HIV subtype differences. J. Med. Virol. 62:445–449, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of cyclopiazonic acid, an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase, on skeletal muscles from normal and mdx mice.

AIM In this study, we investigated Ca2+ loading by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle from mdx mice, an animal model of human Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, at two stages of development: 4 and 11 weeks. METHOD Experiments were conducted on fast- (extensor digitorum longus, EDL) and slow- (soleus) twitch muscles expressing different isoforms of Ca2+-ATPase, which is responsible for the uptake of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. RESULTS In sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles, the ATP-dependent activity and sensitivity to cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, were similar in mdx and normal EDL muscle. Furthermore, in chemically-skinned fibres from both normal and mdx muscles, the presence of CPA induced a decrease in Ca2+ uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. However, the sensitivity to CPA was lower in mdx EDL muscle than in normal muscle. In addition, in EDL muscle from 4-week-old mdx mice, the expression of the slow Ca2+-pump isoform (SERCA2a) was significantly increased, without any accompanying change in slow myosin expression. In contrast, the expression and function of the Ca2+-ATPase in mdx soleus muscles at 4- and 11-weeks of development did not differ from those in age-matched controls. CONCLUSION These findings show that in dystrophic muscle, where the Ca2+ homeostasis was perturbed, the Ca2+ handling by the sarcoplasmic reticulum was altered in fast-twitch muscle, and this was associated with the expression of the slow isoform of SERCA. In these muscles, reduced Ca2+ uptake could then contribute to an elevated concentration of Ca2+ in the cytosol, and also to Ca2+ depletion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Biochemical and Enzymatic Characterization of Human Kallikrein 5 (hK5), a Novel Serine Protease Potentially Involved in Cancer Progression*

Human kallikrein 5 (KLK5) is a member of the human kallikrein gene family of serine proteases. Preliminary results indicate that the protein, hK5, may be a potential serological marker for breast and ovarian cancer. Other studies implicate hK5 with skin desquamation and skin diseases. To gain further insights on hK5 physiological functions, we studied its substrate specificity, the regulation of its activity by various inhibitors, and identified candidate physiological substrates. After producing and purifying recombinant hK5 in yeast, we determined the kcat/Km ratio of the fluorogenic substrates Gly-Pro-Arg-AMC and Gly-Pro-Lys-AMC, and showed that it has trypsin-like activity with strong preference for Arg over Lys in the P1 position. The serpins α2-antiplasmin and antithrombin were able to inhibit hK5 with an inhibition constant (k+2/Ki) of 1.0 × 10– 2and 4.2 × 10–4 m–1 min–1, respectively. No inhibition was observed with the serpins α1-antitrypsin and α1-antichymotrypsin, although α2-macroglobulin partially inhibited hK5 at high concentrations. We also demonstrated that hK5 can efficiently digest the extracellular matrix components, collagens type I, II, III, and IV, fibronectin, and laminin. Furthermore, our results suggest that hK5 can potentially release (a) angiostatin 4.5 from plasminogen, (b) “cystatin-like domain 3” from low molecular weight kininogen, and (c) fibrinopeptide B and peptide β15-42 from the Bβ chain of fibrinogen. hK5 could also play a role in the regulation of the binding of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 to vitronectin. Our findings suggest that hK5 may be implicated in tumor progression, particularly in invasion and angiogenesis, and may represent a novel therapeutic target.
Nitrous Oxide Inactivates Methionine Synthetase in Human Liver

Activity of methionine synthetase was measured in liver biopsies of seven patients who had received 50% to 70% nitrous oxide supplemented by a combination of a narcotic and/or barbiturate with or without a volatile anesthetic, and from seven patients who were anesthetized without nitrous oxide (control group). Methionine synthetase activity (±SE) averaged 219 ± 28 nmol of methionine per hour per gram of liver in patients given nitrous oxide, and 414 29 in control patients. Inactivation of methionine synthetase progressively increased as the product of the concentration of nitrous oxide and the exposure time increased. These results in humans are similar to those in animals and suggest that inactivation of methionine synthetase may play a role in the development of the pathologic effects seen in patients and medical personnel after exposure to nitrous oxide.
Comparison of proximate composition, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of rice bran and defatted rice bran from organic rice and conventional rice

Rice bran and defatted rice bran is a by-product from a rice milling and the production of rice bran oil which is mostly obtained from paddy rice grown under conventional farming systems. Currently, organic farming systems have been gaining in popularity. However, this agricultural system which strictly limits using chemicals may affect chemical composition and antioxidant activity of rice kernel, but no investigation has been documented on the effect of the growing system of rice on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of rice bran and defatted rice bran, therefore, this study was conducted. Organic rice bran was obtained from Khao Dawk Mali-105 cultivar grown under organic system whereas conventional rice bran was from rice grown under conventional farming system. Rough rice was dehulled and milled to yield the rice bran with degree of milling of 8%. Rice bran was extracted using two different methods, hexane extraction and enzymatic extraction. The oil fraction was separated whilst the residue was defatted rice bran (DRB). Defatted rice bran of organic and conventional rice bran extracted by hexane was also prepared for comparison. The results revealed that the growing system had significant effect on some chemical components. The ORB and ODRB contained higher levels of crude fibre, ash carbohydrate, total phenolic compounds and α-tocopherol. The oil extraction using enzymes yielded a higher concentration of alpha-tocopherol and the strongest antioxidant activity evaluated by 2,2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging as well as total antioxidant activity.