Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal study of the relative importance of factors related to use of dental services among young adults.

BACKGROUND The decline in the appropriate use of dental services from childhood to adulthood is of concern. The relative importance of factors influencing use of dental services in young adulthood should inform strategies to address this issue. AIM To develop models predictive of inadequate utilisation of dental care in young adults and to determine the relative importance of health behaviours, need for dental care, and socio-demographic factors. Inadequate utilisation of dental care was determined as lack of visit for dental care during the study period and as problem-based care-seeking behavior. METHODS A random sample of Adelaide young adults was selected from the electoral roll. Participants were interviewed and offered a dental examination at baseline. Two and a half years later participants were contacted again and interviewed on the use of dental services and usual reason for visiting and a number of explanatory factors. The population attributable fractions for the explanatory variables which were significant in the model for this cohort of young adults were calculated using the log-binomial method. RESULTS There were 819 participants at follow-up a response rate of 65% of baseline participants. In the two and a half year period between baseline and follow-up about one quarter of young adults did not make a dental visit and over one third reported that they usually made a dental visit for a problem. The attributable fraction calculation indicated that 30% of infrequent visiting was attributed to reporting no need for dental care, 17% to difficulty paying a $100 dental bill, 17% to being male and 10% to smoking. The attributable fraction calculation indicated that 27% of usually visiting for a problem was attributed to having no tertiary education, 23% to not having dental insurance, 14% to being male, 12% to smoking, 10% to avoiding dental care due to cost and 5% to use of the public sector. CONCLUSION Need and affordability factors were more important than general health behavior factors in influencing use of dental care by a cohort of young adults.
A systematic review on the association between molar incisor hypomineralization and dental caries.

BACKGROUND Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a defect of enamel. The lower strength of the enamel can lead to fractures that predispose for plaque accumulation and caries. AIM This systematic review aimed to assess the association between MIH and caries. DESIGN Studies involving children of all ages, which reported results on MIH and caries in the permanent dentition, were considered eligible. A search was performed in PubMed and was limited to the period from January 2003 to November 2015, and to studies written in English. Reviews, meta-analyses, and case reports were excluded. The studies were evaluated by use of the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). RESULTS Seventeen publications were compiled in the review. Most publications reported that children with MIH have higher caries experience. One study did not observe a difference in DMF values among children affected or not by MIH. Three studies reported that children with MIH were 2.1 to 4.6 times more likely to have caries in the permanent dentition than children without MIH. CONCLUSIONS A significant association between MIH and caries was found. The results should, however, be interpreted cautiously due to the lack of high-quality studies. The present systematic review confirms the need for further well-designed studies.
Evaluating dam safety retrofits with uncertain benefits: The Case of Mohawk Dam (Walhonding River, Ohio)

Mohawk Dam, part of the Muskingum basin flood control system, was built in 1938 and is operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps). Since this high-hazard dam could not survive a probable maximum flood (PMF), the Corps conducted a study to determine the least expensive means of enabling the dam to survive a PMF. Applying a previously proposed framework to select the social cost minimizing capacity of a dam, we show that Mohawk Dam had sufficient capacity that any retrofit has a social cost larger than expected benefits. Sensitivity analyses were performed adjusting the peak flow distribution, the costs of modification, and downstream flood damage, as well as the possibility of loss of life. For any reasonable value of these variables the conclusion does not change that the structure already met so high a safety goal regarding extreme floods that no retrofit is needed. Using risk-based methods to perform reservoir safety evaluations, as recommended by a National Research Council committee in 1985, is indeed feasible. Furthermore, their use provides valuable insight and guidance into the selection of strategies to enhance the safety of dams.
The use of bisphosphonates in women: when to use and when to stop

Introduction: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are the most commonly used drugs in osteoporosis. Areas covered: This review focuses on the criteria for identifying patients who should be treated with BPs and also the rational for the duration of treatment. Expert opinion: BPs remain the mainstay for the treatment of osteoporosis. For their low cost, the treatment threshold is related exclusively to the ratio between expected benefits and the risk of side effects. This is the case of patients with prior fragility fracture or with low bone density and the presence of other relevant risk factors. The treatment should continue for 3 – 5 years or until fracture risk is no longer high. Afterward a treatment holiday should be considered on the light of the increasing risk of side effects but its duration is still controversial. The duration of this treatment holiday depends on the drug used. Discontinuation of risedronate and ibandronate is associated with the quick loss of the acquired benefits and with these two BPs discontinuation should not exceed 6 months. Alendronate and zoledronate are characterized by a persistent effect after discontinuing treatment and this would allow a more prolonged drug holiday.
Impact of the OSHA Trench and Excavation Standard on Fatal Injury in the Construction Industry

Learning ObjectivesRecall the past effectiveness—or lack thereof—of OSHA in lowering injury rates in the workplace, and the influence of the MSHA (Mine Safety and Health Administration) in the coal mining industry.Describe the course of fatal injury rates before and after revision of an ambiguous consensus standard governing trench and excavation jobs, along with introduction of a targeted inspection program in 1990.Explain whether and how changes in fatality rates depend on the size of construction firms and whether or not workers are unionized. In 1989 the US Occupational Safety & Health Administration revised the excavation and trenching standard. We examined fatal injuries from trench cave-in in the construction industry for five year periods before and after the revision in the 47 US states for which data were available for both periods. There was a 2-fold decline in the rate of fatal injury after revision of the standard, which substantially exceeded the decline in other causes of fatal injury in the construction industry during the same period. The decline was somewhat greater in large business firms but was evident in construction firms of all size classes. The fatality rate from trench cave-in in union construction workers was approximately half that of nonunion workers, but we were unable to determine whether this was best explained by union status, employment of union workers at larger construction firms, or both. This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of OSHA regulation in preventing fatal work injury.
Validation of the enhanced resolution ERS-2 scatterometer soil moisture product

Quality assessment methods are introduced through the production of the enhanced resolution soil moisture product. Derived model parameters for the retrieval of soil moisture estimates from ASPS ERS-2 backscatter data as well as the resulting soil moisture product itself, are evaluated by validation analysis. Statistical measure and visual comparison confirm the demand on high data quality of the model parameters. The enhanced resolution soil moisture product is validated against 181 in-situ stations. Correlations with in-situ data show the excellent performance of the product.
The epidemiology of adults with severe sepsis and septic shock in Scottish emergency departments

Background The Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) promotes a bundle approach to the care of septic patients to improve outcome. Some have questioned the capability of delivering the bundle in emergency departments (EDs). The authors report the epidemiology and 6 h bundle compliance of patients with severe sepsis/septic shock presenting to Scottish EDs. Methods Analysis of the previously reported Scottish Trauma Audit Group sepsis database was performed including 20 mainland Scottish EDs. A total of 308 910 attendances were screened (between 2 March and 31 May 2009), and 5285 of 27 046 patients were identified after case note review and included on the database. This analysis includes patients who had severe sepsis/septic shock before leaving the ED. Epidemiological, severity of illness criteria, and ED management data were analysed. Results 626 patients (median age 73; M/F ratio 1:1; 637 presentations) met entrance criteria. The median number of cases per site was 16 (range 3–103). 561 (88.1%) patients arrived by ambulance. The most common source of infection was the respiratory tract (n=411, 64.5%) The most common physiological derangements were heart rate (n=523, 82.1%), respiratory rate (n=452, 71%) and white cell count (n=432, 67.8%). The median hospital stay was 9 days (IQR 4–17 days). 201 (31.6%) patients were admitted to critical care within 2 days, 130 (20.4%) directly from the ED. 180 patients (28.3%) died. There was poor compliance with all aspect of the SSC resuscitation bundle. Conclusions Sepsis presentations are of variable frequency but have typical epidemiology and clinical outcomes. SSC bundle resuscitation uptake is poor in Scottish EDs.
Saturation mutagenesis of an Escherichia coli rRNA promoter and initial characterization of promoter variants

Using oligonucleotide synthesis techniques, we generated Escherichia coli rrnB P1 (rrnB1p according to the nomenclature of B. J. Bachmann and K. B. Low [Microbiol. Rev. 44:1-56, 1980]) promoter fragments containing single base substitutions, insertions, deletions, and multiple mutations, covering the whole length of the promoter including the upstream activation sequence (UAS). The activities of 112 mutant promoters were assayed as operon fusions to lacZ in lambda lysogens. The activities of most mutants with changes in the core promoter recognition region (i.e., substitutions, insertions, or deletions in the region of the promoter spanning the -10 and -35 E. coli consensus hexamers) correlated with changes toward or away from the consensus in the hexamer sequences or in the spacing between them. However, changes at some positions in the core promoter region not normally associated with transcriptional activity in other systems also had significant effects on rrnB P1. Since rRNA promoter activity varies with cellular growth rate, changes in activity can be the result of changes in promoter strength or of alterations in the regulation of the promoter. The accompanying paper (R. R. Dickson, T. Gaal, H. A. deBoer, P. L. deHaseth, and R. L. Gourse, J. Bacteriol. 171:4862-4870, 1989) distinguishes between these two alternatives. Several mutations in the UAS resulted in two- to fivefold reductions in activity. However, two mutants with changes just upstream of the -35 hexamer in constructs containing the UAS had activities 20- to 100-fold lower than the wild-type level. This collection of mutant rRNA promoters should serve as an important resource in the characterization of the mechanisms responsible for upstream activation and growth rate-dependent regulation of rRNA transcription.
A randomized evaluation of early revascularization to treat shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. The (Swiss) Multicenter Trial of Angioplasty for Shock-(S)MASH.

AIM To test whether emergency revascularization improves survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction and shock. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with acute myocardial infarction and early shock were randomized either to undergo emergency angiography, followed immediately by revascularization when indicated, or to receive initial medical management. In five of the nine participating centres, patients with shock but not randomized were entered in a registry. Only 55 patients could be randomized. Of the 32 patients in the invasive group, 30 (94%) underwent early angiography, 27 (84%) PTCA, and one (4%) CABG. Twenty-two (69%) died within 30 days in the invasive group vs 18/23 (78%) in the medically managed group (ns, RR=0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.6-1.2). Among the registry patients, 24/51 were excluded from randomization solely because of patient or physician preference for the invasive approach: 23 (96%) of them underwent emergency angiography, 21 (88%) PTCA, and 12 (50%) died within 30 days. Among the remaining registry patients (n=27) only nine (33%) underwent early angiography, nine (33%) PTCA and 20 (74%) died. CONCLUSION We failed to demonstrate that emergency PTCA significantly improves survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction and early cardiogenic shock. Because the study was stopped prematurely, due to an insufficient patient inclusion rate, a clinically meaningful benefit of early reperfusion may have been missed.
A 21 fJ/Conversion-Step 100 kS/s 10-bit ADC With a Low-Noise Time-Domain Comparator for Low-Power Sensor Interface

This paper presents a 100 kS/s, 1.3 μW, 9.3 ENOB successive approximation ADC with a time-domain comparator. The proposed time-domain comparator utilizes a differential multi-stage VCDL, resulting in a highly digital operation eliminating static power consumption. The effects of gain, noise, and offset are also investigated by detailed analysis which proves the feature of reducing the input-referred noise and offset by simply increasing the number of delay stages. For verification, the proposed ADC is fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS. With a single supply voltage of 0.6 V, the ADC consumes 1.3 μW at the maximum sampling rate of 100 kS/s. The measured ENOB is 9.3 b showing a figure of merit of 21 f J/conversion-step.
A theoretical framework to identify authentic online reviews

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which textual characteristics of online reviews help identify authentic entries from manipulative ones across positive and negative comments. Design/methodology/approach – A theoretical framework is proposed to identify authentic online reviews from manipulative ones based on three textual characteristics, namely, comprehensibility, informativeness, and writing style. The framework is tested using two publicly available data sets, one comprising positive reviews to hype own offerings, and the other including negative reviews to slander competing offerings. Logistic regression is used for analysis. Findings – The three textual characteristics offered useful insights to identify authentic online reviews from manipulative ones. In particular, the differences between authentic and manipulative reviews in terms of comprehensibility and informativeness were more conspicuous for negative entries. On the other hand, the differences between authen.
Continuous software engineering—A microservices architecture perspective

From its earliest days, software development has been beset with challenges in relation to timely delivery, appropriateness of features, and quality of deliverables. Many advances in software development processes have helped to address these concerns. For example, agile software development has helped to deliver working software more frequently, and capability maturity frameworks have brought about improved consistency in quality levels. However, the age‐old challenge of better, cheaper, faster software has continued to beguile developers. In this paper, we discuss an emerging approach to software development, continuous software engineering (CSE), wherein software of operational quality may be delivered on a very frequent basis, up to many times in a given day. This approach uses a complex set of independent tools that together reduce the lead time in delivering commercial‐grade software. Having examined the situational context of one industrial organization applying CSE, we conclude that the approach may not presently be appropriate to all manners of software development. Nonetheless, the authors are of the view that CSE represents a significant progression in software engineering and that software development settings of all types stand to gain from aspects of the CSE approach.
A Layered Model for Quality Estimation of HTTP Video from QoS Measurements

HTTP video is quickly becoming a dominating type of traffic on the Internet, with popular services such as YouTube and Netflix being used by hundreds of millions of users daily, and showing ever-growing usage numbers. Understanding Quality of Experience (QoE) for these services is an important topic, and one that has been addressed in the literature. However, the available works focus on the impact of application-level events (e.g. stalls) on the perceived quality, but not on the underlying cause, i.e., network-level impairments, as the relation between Quality of Service (QoS) and QoE is significantly more complex than it was in the case of RTP/UDP based video, due to HTTP video being streamed over TCP. In this paper we present a first step in the direction of solving this QoS-to-QoE mapping for HTTP video, by providing a (parametric) layered model approach for network-side QoE monitoring.
La formación del profesorado de educación física de ESO en Andalucía en relación con las actividades en el medio natural

En el capitulo primero realizamos una valoracion del tema, asi como las principales inquietudes e intereses que nos han inclinado por la eleccion del mismo. En el capitulo segundo hacemos un repaso de la bibliografia para conocer aspectos teoricos de las actividades en el medio natural. En la primera parte, como ha sido la evolucion a lo largo de la historia hasta nuestros dias. En la segunda parte nos planteamos definir, clasificar y comprender que son las actividades en el medio natural. Diremos cuales son las caracteristicas comunes asi como los objetivos que se persiguen. En la tercera parte, analizamos los distintos documentos oficiales relacionados con la Ensenanza Secundaria Obligatoria en los que encontramos continuas resenas de las actividades en el medio natural. Hacemos referencia a los documentos marco que guian y orientan la practica educativa. Concluimos este apartado con una aproximacion a la situacion actual de las AMN en los centros educativos. En la ultima parte analizamos la oferta formativa existente relacionada con las actividades en el medio natural asi como las necesidades formativas del profesorado en estos contenidos. En el capitulo tercero desarrollamos toda la metodologia de la investigacion, describiendo los modelos de investigacion mas importantes, asi como los instrumentos de investigacion utilizados para nuestro estudio. En el capitulo cuarto analizamos y discutimos los datos obtenidos en los cuestionarios, centrandonos en los aspectos mas relevantes de cada dimension. En el capitulo quinto presentamos los resultados de las entrevistas realizadas a nueve profesores/as que imparten docencia en los distintos niveles educativos, concretamente en la Universidad y en Educacion Secundaria Obligatoria. En el capitulo sexto vamos a contrastar los datos obtenidos a partir de los instrumentos utilizados en la recogida de informacion de las fases anteriores de la investigacion, el cuestionario y la entrevista. Con los resultados alcanzados llevamos a cabo la triangulacion, entendida como tecnica de confrontacion y herramienta de comparacion de diferentes tipos de analisis de datos y que con un mismo objetivo puede contribuir a validar un estudio y potenciar las conclusiones que de el se derivan (Rodriguez, Pozo y Gutierrez, 2006). El capitulo septimo se divide en tres apartados: limitaciones del estudio, las conclusiones del mismo y las perspectivas futuras e implicaciones de la investigacion. En el capitulo octavo enumeramos todas las referencias bibliograficas utilizadas para llevar a cabo nuestro estudio.
(Re)Constructing Relationships with Grandparents: A Turning Point Analysis of Granddaughters' Relational Development with Maternal Grandmothers

This study explores how granddaughters account for the development of their relationships with their maternal grandmothers. The retrospective interviewing technique was used to elicit turning points in their relational histories. Analysis of the turning point content revealed several different types of turning points that reflected both normative and idiosyncratic events. Increases in relational closeness resulted from decreases in geographic separation, engaging in shared activities, deaths or serious illnesses in the family, and family disruptions. Decreases in closeness were associated with negative experiences with the grandmother, increases in geographic separation, and the transition to college. Granddaughters reported that turning points related to death or serious illness and participation in shared activities were the most significant ones in their relationships with maternal grandmothers.
Ovarian electrocautery: responders versus non-responders.

The endocrine and biophysical attributes of 29 patients with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) were examined before and after laparoscopic ovarian electrocautery to establish the criteria which determined their clinical response. Patients with high luteinizing hormone (LH) levels (> 12 IU/l) had a better response than patients with lower LH values but a high LH: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio (> or = 2:1). However, the body mass index, ovarian volume or pretreatment testosterone values were not helpful in predicting the clinical outcome. Both responders (n = 22) and non-responders (n = 7) showed a decline in LH and testosterone and an increase in FSH 6-h mean values, following 15-min blood sampling 1 month after surgery, compared to the corresponding pretreatment levels. The magnitude of change was significantly higher for LH (p < 0.01) in responders but there was no difference in the corresponding values of the other hormones between the two groups (p > 0.05). Accordingly, unsupplemented ovarian electrocautery is better reserved for the treatment of patients with PCOD and high LH values. Four of the 17 patients who had second-look diagnostic laparoscopy showed minimal to mild pelvic adhesions and all patients had patent Fallopian tubes. The performance of a second-look diagnostic laparoscopy is not indicated as a routine procedure in all cases following surgery.
Place and city: Operationalizing sense of place and social capital in the urban context

The academic interest in social concepts in city contexts, such as sense of place and social capital, has been growing in the last decades. We present a systematic literature review that confirms the strong relationship between sense of place and social capital, from a social sciences point‐of‐view. It also reveal that little attention has been paid to their spatial dimensions at the urban level, thereby missing the chance to exploit socio‐spatial knowledge to improve the day‐to‐day life in and functioning of the city (e.g. in planning processes, citizen participation, civic engagement). We therefore examine sense of place and social capital from a Geographic Information Science (GISc) viewpoint, and present a formal conceptualization and initial theoretical framework which explicitly describes both concepts, and the relation between them, within the context of a city and from a spatial point of view.