Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for late leaf spot disease resistance in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

TMV 2, a LLS susceptible genotype and the COG 0437, a LLS resistant genotype were crossed and their F2 population was used for marker analysis in the present investigation. The phenotypic mean data on F2: 3 progenies were used as phenotype. Seventy seven SSR markers were used for the parental polymorphism. Among SSR markers, nine markers were found polymorphic between the parents TMV 2 and COG 0437. Eight markers formed a linkage group and covered a distance of 37.2 cM with an average 4.65 cM at LOD 3.0. The composite interval mapping analysis resulted in two QTLs viz., each one for hundred kernel weight and LLS severity score with 6.1 and 37.9 R2 respectively. The nearest marker for QTLs of hundred kernel weight and LLS severity score were Ah 4–26 and PM 384 respectively. The markers PMc 588 (3.9 cM) and Ah 4–26 (4.3cM) are the flanking markers for PM 384 and hence these flanking markers can be used for marker assisted breeding for LLS resistance. The parent COG 0437 is the major contributor for both of these QTLs. Considering the phenotypic variation explained by these QTLs, identification of more effective QTLs for hundred kernel weight is required to utilise in the marker assisted breeding programme. However the LLS QTL has 37.9 per cent of phenotypic variation explained and hence can be effectively utilised in marker assisted breeding programme. By using these QTLs, plant breeders can effectively monitor the flow of inheritance of the resistance characters along with desirable phenotypic traits.
Factors affecting attitudes of local people toward the red-billed Quelea (Quelea quelea) in Kondoa District, Tanzania

Interactions between humans and red-billed Queleas (Quelea quelea) in Kondoa District, central Tanzania, have shaped the attitudes of the local inhabitants toward these birds. These birds are considered as serious pest because they consume small grain cereal crops. The red-billed Queleas are caught and consumed as food by local communities. Harvested birds are also sold at bus stops to passengers, as well as to local villagers, as a source of household income. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of differential costs and benefits of the red-billed Quelea, as well as the socio-economic factors (education level, gender, age and economic activity) that might shape the attitudes of the local inhabitants of Kondoa. To explore their attitudes, a questionnaire survey was randomly conducted among 360 households in six villages from June to August 2012. Most of the inhabitants who incurred costs of crop damage exhibited negative attitudes toward the red-billed Quelea, despite the benefits obtained from them. In contrast, those who benefitted from harvested Quelea birds exhibited positive attitudes towards the red-billed Quelea. The most important socio-economic factors influencing both positive and negative attitudes were education and gender. In contrast, economic activity only influenced negative attitudes. To change negative attitudes towards the birds; practical, economical and applicable solutions for the Quelea pest problem are needed while considering the future conservation of the species in the area. Key words: Attitudes, costs, benefits, red-billed Quelea, socio-economic factors, local inhabitants, Kondoa-Tanzania.
Lake stratigraphy implies an 80 000 yr delayed melting of buried dead ice in northern Russia

Sediment cores from lakes Kormovoye and Oshkoty in the glaciated region of the Pechora Lowland, northern Russia, reveal sediment gravity flow deposits overlain by lacustrine mud and gyttja. The sediments were deposited mainly during melting of buried glacier ice beneath the lakes. In Lake Kormovoye, differential melting of dead ice caused the lake bottom to subside at different places at different times, resulting in sedimentation and erosion occurring only some few metres apart and at shifting locations, as further melting caused inversion of the lake bottom. Basal radiocarbon dates from the two lakes, ranging between 13 and 9 ka, match with basal dates from other lakes in the Pechora Lowland as well as melting of ice‐wedges. This indicates that buried glacier ice has survived for ca. 80 000 years from the last glaciation of this area at 90 ka until about 13 ka when a warmer climate caused melting of permafrost and buried glacier ice, forming numerous lakes and a fresh‐looking glacial landscape. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal and Relationship Quality: Same-Sex Friendships and Opposite-Sex Romantic Relationships

v Chapter One: Introduction . 1 Chapter Two: Literature Review . 6 A. Emerging Adulthood . 6 B. Friendships . 10 1. Prototypical Elements of Friendship Intimacy . 10 2. Gender Differences in Friendship . 13 3. Mattering and Interpersonal Happiness . 14 C. Romantic Relationships. 16 1. Similarities with Friendships . 17 2. Emotional Intimacy . 18 3. Emotional Risk-Taking . 20 4. Motivations in Romantic Relationships . 23 D. Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal. 25 1. Other Measures of Self-Construal and Cognitive Frameworks . 26 2. The RISC Scale . 28 3. Conclusion . 30 Chapter Three: Method . 32 Chapter Four: Results . 37 Chapter Five: Discussion . 41 A. Interpretation of Results. 41 B. Discussion of Limitations. 44 Appendix A . 49 Appendix B . 51
The Moderating Effects of Tourist Characteristics and Novelty Seeking on the Relationships between Satisfaction, Revisit Intention and WOM

This study investigates the moderating effects of tourist characteristics and novelty seeking on the relationships among destination attributes, satisfaction, revisit intention and word-of-mouth (WOM). Using structural equation modeling and a multiple group analysis, the findings reveal that the effects of destination attributes on satisfaction, revisit intention and WOM do not differ across age, gender, annual income, and marital status. The results also reveal that the strength of the effect of satisfaction on revisit intention depends on levels of novelty seeking. In other words, for tourists with high novelty seeking, the effect of overall satisfaction on revisit intention is weaker than for those with low novelty seeking.
Testability Assessment Model for Object Oriented Software based on Internal and External Quality Factors

Software testability is coming out to be most frequent talked about subject then the underrated and unpopular quality factor it used to be in past few years. The correct and timely assessment of testability can lead to improvisation of software testing process. Though many researchers and quality controllers have proved its importance, but still the research has not gained much momentum in emphasizing the need of making testability analysis necessary during all software development phases. In this paper we review and analyse the factors affecting testability estimation of object oriented software systems during design and analysis phase of development life cycle. These factors are then linked together in the form of new assessment model for object oriented software testability. The proposed model will be evaluated using analytical hierarchical process
Re-Examining Exchange-Rate Risk Effects and Export Trade Using the ARDL Bounds Testing Approach

Previous studies that examined the influence of exchange rate risk on the export flows in Nigeria have not used the Bounds testing technique suggested by Pesaran, Shin and Smith (2001). This paper employs this technique to obtain long-run elasticities as well as understand the forces at work in the short-run adjustment of real exports to changes in foreign economic activity, relative export price and exchange-rate risk. Quarterly data are used, and the period studied is 1980:1 to 2010:4. Results from cointegration analysis, short-run error correction models and persistence profile analysis indicate cointegration and negative effects of exchange rate risks on export volume in both the long run and the short-run.
Democratization and trade policy: An empirical analysis of developing countries

I show that the process of democratization in developing countries constitutes an important factor in the formation of preferential trade agreements. Specifically, democratizing developing countries are more likely to form a preferential trade agreement with richer countries, whereas there is little evidence that democratic transition affects the probability of a developing country joining a preferential trade agreement with other developing countries. This result follows naturally from median voter preferences and the Heckscher–Ohlin and Stolper–Samuelson theorems. Put simply, the median voter gains from trading with the richer states and loses from trading with the other poor states. Since preferential trade agreements allow countries to waive the most-favored nation principle, the need for both trade openness and protectionism against competitors might explain why preferential trade agreements constitute one of the main features of the current wave of globalization. I quantitatively test this hypothesis using a newly compiled dataset that covers 135 developing countries from 1990 to 2007. An important implication of this article is that it could be more challenging than expected to combine domestic political equality with international economic equality.
Modeling some plant species distribution against environmental gradients using multivariate regression models

Relationship between plant species response and environmental gradients is becoming a challenging question in Ecology. A study was carried out along the roadsides of Wah Cantt. Data was collected using braun-blanquet approach which identified total 36 species belonging to 18 different families. GAM was employed for plotting non-linear relationship between plant species distribution against environmental gradients while NMS application was carried to highlight the stress in plant species distribution against selected environmental gradients (Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , O.M, EC, pH). Results obtained from GAM had shown that when predictive variable have higher values, species distribution is favorable while some species remain unaffected by higher values of environmental gradients. Similarly, results obtained from NMS confirmed that stress rate was uniform for higher values of selected environmental gradients. The study will helpful in studying plant species response against environmental gradients and in proper management of herbaceous flora growing in Wah Cantt.
On the neural basis of emotion processing in depression and anxiety. An fMRI study in outpatients

Background: Recognition of others’ emotions is an important aspect of interpersonal communication. In depression, a significant emotion recognition impairment has been reported. It remains unclear whether the ability to recognize emotion from facial expressions is also impaired in anxiety disorders. There is a need to review and integrate the published literature on emotional expression recognition in anxiety disorders and depression. Method: A detailed literature search was used to identify studies on explicit emotion recognition in patients with anxiety disorders and depression compared to healthy participants. Eighteen studies provided sufficient information to be included. The differences on emotion recognition impairment between patients and controls (Cohen’s d) with corresponding confidence intervals were computed for each study. Results: Over all studies, adults with anxiety disorders had a significant impairment in emotion recognition (d = -0.35). In children with anxiety disorders no significant impairment of emotion recognition was found (d = -0.03). Depression was associated with an even larger impairment in recognition of facial expressions of emotion (d = -0.58). Conclusion: Results from the current analysis support the hypothesis that adults with anxiety disorders or depression both have a deficit in recognizing facial expressions of emotion, and that this deficit is more pronounced in depression than in anxiety.
Domestic Debt and the Nigerian Economy

The study investigates the empirical relationship between domestic debt and economic grow th in Nigeria. Using OLS regression techniques and the time series data from 1986 – 2005, the study explored the relationship between domestic debt and economic growth in Nigeria. Our result shows that domestic debt has affected the growth of the economy negatively. In the light of the findings, the study recommend that Government domestic borrowing should be discouraged and that increasing the revenue base through its tax reform programames should be encouraged.
Multicolour time series photometry of three periodic ultracool dwarfs

Photometry in I, or contemporaneously in I and R, of the known variable ultracool dwarfs Kelu-1 and 2MASS J11553952−3727350 is presented. The nature of the variability of Kelu-1 appears to evolve on time-scales of a day or less. Both the period and amplitude of the variability of 2MASS J11553952−3727350 have changed substantially since publication of earlier observations of the object. DENIS 1454−6604 is a new variable ultracool dwarf, with persistent and prominent brightness modulations at a period of 2.6 h.
Finite frequency whole mantle P wave tomography: Improvement of subducted slab images

We present a new whole mantle P wave tomographic model GAP_P4. We used two data groups; short‐period data of more than 10 million picked‐up onset times and long‐period data of more than 20 thousand differential travel times measured by waveform cross correlation. Finite frequency kernels were calculated at the corresponding frequency bands for both long‐ and short‐period data. With respect to an earlier model GAP_P2, we find important improvements especially in the transition zone and uppermost lower mantle beneath the South China Sea and the southern Philippine Sea owing to broadband ocean bottom seismometers (BBOBSs) deployed in the western Pacific Ocean where station coverage is poor. This new model is different from a model in which the full data set is interpreted with classical ray theory. BBOBS observations should be more useful to sharpen images of subducted slabs than expected from simple raypath coverage arguments.
Gelotophobia and Bullying: The Assessment of the Fear of Being Laughed at and Its Application among Bullying Victims

Within the framework of social interaction this paper relates experiences of being bullied to the fear of being laughed at (gelotophobia) in two empirical studies. Study 1 (N = 252) describes the adaptation of a German-language instrument for the assessment of gelotophobia into English (the GELOPH ). The translation yielded good psychometric properties (high reliability; α = .90). The one-factor solution of the original version could be replicated. Gelotophobia existed independently of age and gender but was more prevalent among those who were single. 13% exceeded a cut-off score, indicating a slight expression of gelotophobic symptoms. Study 2 (N = 102) used the English GELOPH together with an instrument for assessing emotional reactions in mean-spirited ridicule and good-natured teasing situations (the Ridicule Teasing Scenario questionnaire; Platt, 2008). Results indicated that being a victim of bullying yielded higher shame responses to teasing scenarios, and lower happiness and higher fear in response to both types of laughter situations. Stepwise multiple regression showed that self-reported experiences of having been a victim of bullying were best predicted by low happiness during teasing and high fear in response to ridicule, but gelotophobia accounted for most of these effects. Results are discussed within the context of future studies on gelotophobia-bullying social relationships.
A study of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in cases of ischemic stroke

Background: Measurement of Carotid Intima Media Thickness (CIMT) by carotid doppler is a non-invasive, safe and inexpensive investigation. CIMT may predict ischaemic stroke. However, the data about the usefulness of CIMT as a predictor in Indian scenario is relatively less. The primary objective of the present study was to determine utility of CIMT as a predictor of ischemic stroke. Methods: This study was a case control study carried out at a tertiary care institute. The study included fifty cases of ischaemic stroke. Fifty age and sex matched controls were selected who were not relatives of cases. Results: A detailed history of cases and controls was taken. They were subjected to routine investigations; blood sugars and lipid profile were sent. CIMT was measured by doing carotid doppler study on both sided carotid arteries. The results were analysed. Conclusions: From this study, we concluded that there is increase in CIMT in patients of ischemic stroke. Age, gender and side of the vessel had no significant effect on CIMT. It was concluded that CIMT value has a direct correlation with ischemic stroke. Thus, Carotid intima media thickness can be used as a non-invasive predictor of future ischemic stroke incidence.
Pedalling downhill and freewheeling up; a penguin perspective on foraging

Depth-dependent buoyancy resulting from the compression of body-associated air is a major force modulating energy expenditure in diving seabirds, yet quantification of its effects in free- living animals is problematic. Between November 2006 and December 2008, we used multiple chan- nel loggers (daily diaries (DDs)); recording triaxial acceleration, depth and speed, during foraging of 34 Magellanic penguins Spheniscus magellanicus from 3 colonies in Argentina to derive a new proxy for energy expenditure, overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA). Assuming ODBA to be linearly related to power, energy expenditure was highest during dive descent, nearer the surface and in those dives terminating at greater depths due to steeper descent angles. Swim speed during descent was invariant of maximum dive depth. Calculated energy expenditure during the bottom phase of the dive was invariant of depth, but energy expenditure of birds returning to the surface was lowest at any given depth for birds that had engaged in deeper dives due to the effects of buoyancy. Four birds, equipped with beak angle-measuring sensors as part of the DDs, captured 89% of their prey (nor- mally pelagic school fish) during fast passive ascents using buoyancy to aid in capture. Details from one of these birds showed that this passive ascent occurred at a mean velocity of 1.94 m s -1 for a mean of 2.02 s; ascent angles during such rushes were steeper when the bird was deeper, which was pre- sumed to reflect a response to the diminished buoyant force at greater pressures. Passive ascents during prey capture appear to be an important mechanism for Magellanic penguins to capture fast- moving prey with minimal energy expenditure.
Lorentzian Kleinian groups

In this article we introduce some basic tools for the study of Lorentzian Kleinian groups. These groups are discrete subgroups of the Lorentzian Möbius group O(2, n), acting properly discontinuously on some nonempty open subset of Einstein’s universe, the Lorentzian analogue of the conformal sphere. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000). 22E40, 30F40, 53A30, 53C50.
ORTA ANADOLU EKOLOJİK ŞARTLARINDA YETİŞTİRİLEN FASULYE (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) GENOTİPLERİ-NİN PROTEİN VE BAZI MİNERAL ORANLARININ BELİRLENMESİ

Bu arastirma; fasulye genotiplerinin Orta Anadolu ekolojik (Sarayonu ve Cumra) sartlarindaki protein orani ve bazi mineral iceriklerinin belirlenmesi amaciyla yurutulmustur. Arastirmada, deneme materyali olarak 19 fasulye genotipi (12 hat, 5 populasyon ve 2 cesit) kullanilmistir. Denemeler 2006 yilinda Sarayonu ve Cumra olmak uzere 2 lokasyonda; “Tesaduf Bloklari Deneme” desenine gore 3 tekerrurlu olarak kurulmustur. Arastirma sonuclarina gore protein orani bakimindan genotipler arasinda ve lokasyon arasinda istatistiki olarak onemli farkliliklar tesbit edilmistir. Lokasyonlarin ve genotiplerin ortalamasi olarak protein orani %23.83 olmustur. Genotiplerin ortalamasi olarak en yuksek protein orani (% 25.13) Cumra’da elde edilmistir. Lokasyonlarin ortalamasi olarak ise en yuksek protein orani (% 26.60) PV5 genotipinden elde edilmistir. Sonuc olarak; protein orani en yuksek olan PV5, PV4 ve PV16 genotipleri Orta Anadolu ekolojik sartlarinda tarima en uygun genotipler olarak belirlenmistir.
Parallel ACO algorithms for 2D Strip Packing

In this paper we present a study of a parallel Ant Colony System (ACS) for the two-dimensional strip packing problem. In our computational study, we emphasize the inuence of the incorporation of the received information in the target subcolony. Colonies send their best solutions instead of sending informa- tion from the matrix of pheromones, as happens in traditional parallel ACS. The solution arriving to a colony can provide further exploitation around promising solutions as this arrived solution can be used in both, the local update of the pheromone trail and the construction solution process of an ant. The aim of the paper is to report experimental results on the behavior of different types of paral- lel ACS algorithms, regarding solution qualities and parallel performance.
Absorbed Radiation Dose from Radon to the Sand Martin Riparia riparia During Breeding at the Sand Mines in Eastern Poland

Animals that breed in ground holes can be exposed to higher doses of radiation from natural radioactive isotopes, including radon and its daughters, present in soil air. One of such species is the Sand Martin Riparia riparia. Examination of natural burrows in sand mines revealed radon levels of 2.82-1320 Bq/m3 in the examined soil horizon where martins dug their burrows. It was shown that adult males whose colonial breeding took place in sand mines received the following average annual doses, respectively: 4.7 mGy (during the care for one brood) and 8.8 mGy (two broods). The doses for females were, respectively: 4.7 mGy (one brood) and 8.7 mGy (two broods). At the same time, the average dose to chicks from these colonies was 6.4 mGy. The results indicate that, apart from radon concentrations in the soil, also breeding behaviour – rearing either one or two broods – significantly affects the annual absorbed radiation dose to adult birds.
A Viscous Rotational Model for Wave Overtopping over Marine Structure

Wave overtopping problems continue to require more attention due to the complexity of the physical process and the lack of available predictive models. In a recent experimental study on the kinematics of wave overtopping on marine structure by Lee, Zhuang and Chang (1993), it was found that the overtopping wave constitutes a jet-like water mass impacting the shoreward region of the breakwater. This jet-like water mass induces strong vortices and large water particle velocities in both the horizontal and vertical direction in the shoreward region behind the marine structure. The large rotational velocity field is capable of removing the armor units of the breakwater and scouring the bed in the shoreward region of the breakwater. In the study of Zhuang, Chang and Lee (1994), a numerical model capable of generating the rotational velocity field in the vicinity of the shoreward face of the breakwater was proposed. This paper presents the computation results from a refined viscous rotational model and their comparisons with newly acquired experimental data.