Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of natural killer (NK) cell and NK-like T-cell malignancies.

WO ARTICLES IN THE current issue of Blood shed further light on the interrelationship of T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell malignancies’,* and also illustrate the complexities inherent in the classification of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL). PTCL frequently are reported to exhibit aberrant immunologic phenotypes. It has been suggested that these aberrancies reflect neoplastic transforma-tion and, as such, may be used to justify the diagnosis of lymph~ma. ~ However, these aberrancies may in fact be a recapitulation of phenotypes seen on minor normal cell pop-ulations and therefore may be helpful in studying the normal immune system. This model has proved useful in the study of B-cell lymphomas and leukemias and has led to characterization of the normal CD5+ B lymphocyte!
Accounting Education, Socialisation and the Ethics of Business

This study provides empirical evidence in relation to a growing body of literature concerned with the socialisation effects of accounting and business education. A prevalent criticism within this literature is that accounting and business education in the United Kingdom and the United States, by assuming a value-neutral appearance, ignores the implicit ethical and moral assumptions by which it is underpinned. In particular, it has been noted that accounting and business education tends to prioritise the interests of shareholders above all other stakeholder groups. This paper reports on the results of a set of focus group interviews with both undergraduate accounting students and students commencing their training with a professional accounting body. The research explores their perceptions about the purpose of accounting and the objectives of business. The findings suggest that both university and professional students' views on these issues tend to be informed by an Anglo-American shareholder discourse, whereby the needs of shareholders are prioritised. Moreover, this shareholder orientation appeared to be more pronounced for professional accounting students.
Price equivalent tariffs and quotas under a domestic monopoly

Price-equivalent import tariffs and quotas are compared when domestic production is controlled by a monopolist, say an agricultural marketing board with the power to restrict domestic supply, under endogenous terms of trade. Welfare comparisons boil down to sourcing costs comparisons. Quotas tend to dominate at high domestic prices, ad valorem tariffs at intermediate prices and specific tariffs at low domestic prices. Welfare maxima are achieved with more restrictive policies than under perfect competition. These results rationalize separate negotiations for sensitive products in the Doha Round and the setting of tariff-rate quotas that mimic import quotas for these products. Finally, in ascertaining the robustness of our policy ranking to the choice of variable anchoring the comparisons, we found that specific tariffs unambiguously dominate ad valorem tariffs and quotas when government revenue or imports anchor the comparisons. However, some quota revenues and import levels cannot be achieved with tariffs.
Bistability in the Bacillus subtilis K‐state (competence) system requires a positive feedback loop

High expression of the transcriptional activator ComK occurs in 10–20% of the cells in stationary phase cultures of Bacillus subtilis strain 168. ComK drives the expression of more than 100 genes constituting the semidormant K‐state, distinct from sporulation and vegetative growth. Among the genes so activated are those that permit competence for genetic transformation. We have addressed the origin of bistability in expression of ComK. We show that bistability requires positive autoregulation at the promoter of comK, but not a potential toggle switch, in which ComK represses the promoter of rok and Rok represses the promoter of comK. We further address the source of the noise that results in the stochastic selection of cells that will express comK. A revised model for the regulation of comK expression is proposed that partially explains bistability.
Diverse physiological consequences of long-term sucrose consumption in female rats

Abstract Although a considerable amount of work has addressed the short-term consequences of sucrose ingestion on a variety of morphological, physiological and hematological measures, relatively few studies have investigated these parameters following long-term sucrose intake. Results of the present experiments indicated that female rats given ad libitum access to a 10% sucrose solution for 9 months were conspicuously larger and had significantly heavier thyroid and spleen weights compared to rats offered either a restricted (20 min) daily sucrose option or control rats given only water. Rats given free access to sucrose also displayed abnormal serum levels of creatinine, sodium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, uric acid and cholesterol which could indicate dysfunction in many organs including the kidney and liver. In the brain, however, chronic sucrose access was not associated with any discernable changes in neuronal or glial cell density within selected brain regions, but brain weight was found to be highly negatively correlated (r = −0.97) with total sucrose intake. Finally, we report that high doses of estradiol can significantly attenuate the intake of sucrose in female rats. Together these findings demonstrate that free access to a sucrose solution for long periods can induce profound effects on rat physiology and may have important implications for the management of diet in humans.
Can Visual Evoked Potentials be used in Biometric Identification?

Due to known differences in the anatomical structure of the visual pathways and generators in different individuals, the use of visual evoked potentials offers the possibility of an alternative to existing biometrics methods. A study based on visual evoked potentials from 13 individuals was carried out to assess the best combination of temporal, spectral and AR modeling features to realize a robust biometric. From the results it can be concluded that visual evoked potentials show considerable biometric qualities, with classification accuracies reaching a high of 86.54% and that a specific temporal and spectral combination was found to be optimal. Based on these results the visual evoked potential may be a useful tool in biometric identification when used in conjunction with more established biometric methods
Reconstructing Conceptions of Local Capacity: The Local Education Agency’s Capacity for Ambitious Instructional Reform

In this article, the authors argue that the notion of local capacity needs to be rethought in light of the extraordinary demands for learning imposed on local educators by the current wave of instructional reforms. Confining their discussion to the local education agency (LEA), the authors argue that the LEA’s capacity to support ambitious instruction consists to a large degree of LEA leaders’ ability to learn new ideas from external policy and professional sources and to help others within the district learn these ideas. Drawing on a study of nine school districts, they identify three interrelated dimensions of this capacity—human capital, social capital, and financial resources.
Population Size, Economic Development, and Attitudes Towards Inequality: Evidence from 30 Nations

How does population size affect social life? In accord with Durkheim's classic argument about the shift from the rigid "mechanical" solidarity of small societies to the more differentiated and interdependent "organic" solidarity of large societies, data from 30 nations and 19,568 respondents shows that the citizenry of large societies prefer more inequality in earnings than do citizens of small societies, net of the level of economic development. One reason for this is that citizens of large countries support larger rewards for education and occupational success. In most societies, the actual level of inequality is close to the ideal level, or a little higher. Data are from the World Inequality Study, which pools data from many excellent international survey projects; analysis is by OLS and multi-level regression.
The Thesis of Incongruent Implementation: Revisiting Pressman and Wildavsky

The more links can be observed in the vertical line between intentions and results as embodied by a policy process, the smaller the chance will be of a congruent implementation of the public policy concerned. Pressman and Wildavsky (1973) expressed this view on implementation in one of the longest and most famous subtitles in the study of public administration. In this article this view is addressed as the thesis of incongruent implementation. Although still common with policy makers, since Bowen’s (1982) critique it hardly has been investigated further. At the same time, however, scholars across different research communities have started to explore the effects of intermediary variables between government intentions and governmental performance. The objective in this article is to look at what is known about the impact of such variables currently and to explore the implications for the study of implementation.
Production-Distribution and Replenishment Strategies for Deterioration Items in Supply Chain Network

This study investigates the optimal production-distribution and replenishment (PDR) strategies of a deteriorating item in the supply chain network (SCN) system. This paper applied heuristic algorithm and integration approach. Through preliminary evaluation of the model and the solution method, the analysis shows that optimal PDR strategies bring benefits in terms of the production-inventory cost savings to firms. Computational results also point out how managers may decide on the production and distribution periods for an improved benefit realization through the managerial implications in the SCN system. Its advantages are using simple calculation and modeling process. To obtain the production period, stationary production/distribution, order quantity and average total cost, the manager only needs to input the time-varying inventory levels.
Rethinking Risk Management in the Federal Government

This article examines recent debates about guiding principles and implementation of risk management in the federal government. Considering influences from both political and scientific arenas, the article will highlight how changing perspectives about science, regulatory objectives, and decision models are fostering significant innovations in the conduct of risk management by federal agencies. The first part of the article summarizes several explicit signals of rethinking the federal approach to risk management at the administrative and congressional levels. The second part considers particular intellectual shifts in our understanding of risk management that are fueling contemporary debates on the science, objectives, and process. Specific agency examples are used to illustrate recent suggestions for or experience with implementing innovations for federal risk management. The article concludes with some thoughts about the future of the federal role in risk management and risk policy more generally.
Valuing Grassland Restoration: Proximity to Substitutes and Trade-offs among Conservation Attributes

We demonstrate how choice experiment survey methods can be used to guide ecosystem restoration efforts. We use a choice experiment survey to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for different attributes of restored grassland ecosystems. We find that the presence of nearby grasslands increases a respondent’s WTP and that species richness, population density, and the presence of endangered species are all significant factors that contribute to the respondent’s WTP. This implies that all these conservation success measures should be taken into account in planning and in research. To our knowledge this is the first study to calculate the WTP for grasslands. (JEL Q51, Q57)
Toward More Usable Electronic Voting

Objective: The goal of this research was to assess the usability of a voting system designed for smartphones. Background: Smartphones offer remote participation in elections through the use of pervasive technology. Voting on these devices could, among other benefits, increase voter participation while allowing voters to use familiar technology. However, the usability of these systems has not been assessed. Method: A mobile voting system optimized for use on a smartphone was designed and tested against traditional voting platforms for usability. Results: There were no reliable differences between the smartphone-based system and other voting methods in efficiency and perceived usability. More important, though, smartphone owners committed fewer errors on the mobile voting system than on the traditional voting systems. Conclusion: Even with the known limitations of small mobile platforms in both displays and controls, a carefully designed system can provide a usable voting method. Much of the concern about mobile voting is in the area of security; therefore, although these results are promising, security concerns and usability issues arising from mitigating them must be strongly considered. Application: The results of this experiment may help to inform current and future election and public policy officials about the benefits of allowing voters to vote with familiar hardware.
Estimating the population dose from nuclear medicine examinations towards establishing diagnostic reference levels

Purpose of the Study: This study conducted a review on nuclear medicine (NM) services in Mazandaran Province with a view to establish adult diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) and provide updated data on population radiation exposure resulting from diagnostic NM procedures. Materials and Methods: The data were collected from all centers in all cities of Mazandaran Province in the North of Iran from March 2014 to February 2015. The 75 th percentile of the distribution and the average administered activity (AAA) were calculated and the average effective dose per examination, collective effective dose to the population and annual effective dose per capita were estimated using dose conversion factors. The gathered data were analyzed via SPSS (version 18) software using descriptive statistics. Results: Based on the data of this study, the collective effective dose was 95.628 manSv, leading to a mean effective dose of 0.03 mSv per capita. It was also observed that the myocardial perfusion was the most common procedure (50%). The 75 th percentile of the distribution of administered activity (AA) represents the DRL. The AAA and the 75 th percentile of the distribution of AA are slightly higher than DRL of most European countries. Conclusions: Myocardial perfusion is responsible for most of the collective effective dose and it is better to establish national DRLs for myocardial perfusion and review some DRL values through the participation of NM specialists in the future.
Evaluating the Performance of Ethical and Non-Ethical Funds: A Matched Pair Analysis

This paper studies the performance of 60 European funds from four countries. The paper extends the UK matched pair approach for fund evaluation developed by Mallin et al. (1995) to a European setting. The findings suggest that there is no difference between ethical and non-ethical funds according to the performance measures employed. Neither type of fund displayed any ability to time the market. Finally, the results indicate that the management fee is a significant explanatory variable for the Jensen measure as Chen et al. (1992) and Grinblatt and Titman (1994) suggested. Copyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 2005.
Earnings Quality and the Equity Risk Premium: A Benchmark Model

This article solves a model that links earnings quality to the equity risk premium in an infinite-horizon consumption CAPM economy. In the model, risk-averse traders hold diversified portfolios consisting of a risk-free bond and shares of many risky firms. When constructing their portfolios, traders rely on noisy reported earnings and dividend payments for information about the risky firms. A new element of the model is an explicit representation of earnings quality based on reversing accrual errors that investors cannot observe. The model shows that earnings quality magnifies fundamental risk. Absent fundamental risk, poor earnings quality cannot affect the equity risk premium. Moreover, only the systematic (undiversified) component of earnings quality risk contributes to the equity risk premium. In contrast, all components of earnings quality risk affect earnings capitalization factors. The model ties together consumption-CAPM and accounting-based valuation research into one benchmark formula linking earnings quality to the equity risk premium and earnings capitalization factors.
Is the City of Cities Metropolitan Strategy the Answer for Sydney?

The new City of Cities metropolitan strategy (Department of Planning, 2005a) is probably the most comprehensive planning strategy that Sydney has had since its first strategy over 50 years ago. And in many ways it reads more like that plan than any of the other ones since then. It has, or has set in motion, an old-fashioned level of planning detail that recent strategic planning outside Australia has forsaken. New employment zone locations, a retail hierarchy that government consultations have extended to 1000 identified centres, new urban sector structures, subregional dwelling targets, and more, give the strategy an almost heroically detailed pathway for the government’s intended future for Sydney. To a significant extent, this detail has been delivered at the behest of the developer sector, which lobbied strongly for a new strategy. The Property Council of Australia document Metro Strategy: A Property Industry Perspective (Property Council of Australia, c.2004) stated that a strategic plan was needed to give direction to private sector investment decisions, and to give a framework for local planning. To achieve this, a new plan needed, inter alia, to set locationand density-specific targets for population and employment, and to set job targets for key centres (Property Council of Australia, c.2004). Indeed, the development industry vision is writ large across the City of Cities strategy and its supporting documents. The strategy’s commitment to a strong centres and corridors employment policy, and structure planning for major new urban release areas in the northwest and south-west sectors, were both central recommendations in the Property Council’s document. Subsequent state government decisions to set up a redevelopment authority for inner city Redfern–Waterloo and to fund more metropolitan infrastructure through government loans also reflect recommendations in that document. This review describes the main elements of the City of Cities strategy. It then nominates key planning issues facing Sydney, and assesses the performance of the strategy in regard to each of these issues.
Efficient Contracts with Costly Adjustment: Short-Run Employment Determination for Airline Mechanics

This paper presents an empirical analysis of firm-specific employment and wage outcomes for mechanics in the domestic airlines industry. A dynamic contracting model is presented that incorporates both costly employment adjustment and potential gaps between contract wage rates and the opportunity value of workers' time. The model gives a useful description of the employment-output linkage in the data, but is less successful in capturing the dynamic relation between employment, contract wage rates, and wage rates outside the airline industry. Copyright 1986 by American Economic Association.
The Effect of Organizational Characteristics on the Appointment of Nonfamily Managers in Private Family Firms

This article examines the effect of organizational characteristics (firm innovativeness, firm internationalization, firm size) on the appointment of nonfamily managers in private family firms while taking into account the moderating role of socioemotional wealth (SEW). While these organizational characteristics increase the need for expertise, family firms cope with a limited pool of family managers. Therefore, new creative knowledge from nonfamily managers is needed. However, results from a sample of 145 Belgian family firms indicate that the positive effect of organizational characteristics on the integration of nonfamily managers decreases when family-related objectives reflected by SEW become more important for the firm.
Disruption of JNK2 Decreases the Cytokine Response to Plasmodium falciparum Glycosylphosphatidylinositol In Vitro and Confers Protection in a Cerebral Malaria Model1

Host inflammatory responses to Plasmodium falciparum GPI (pfGPI) anchors are believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of severe malaria. However, relatively little is known about the signal transduction pathways involved in pfGPI-stimulated inflammatory response and its potential contribution to severe malaria syndromes. In this study, we investigated the role of MAPK activation in pfGPI-induced cytokine secretion and examined the role of selected MAPKs in a model of cerebral malaria in vivo. We demonstrate that ERK1/2, JNK, p38, c-Jun, and activating transcription factor-2 became phosphorylated in pfGPI-stimulated macrophages. A JNK inhibitor (1,9-pyrazoloanthrone) inhibited pfGPI-induced phosphorylation of JNK, c-Jun, and activating transcription factor-2 and significantly decreased pfGPI-induced TNF-α secretion. pfGPI-stimulated JNK and c-Jun phosphorylation was absent in Jnk2−/− macrophages but unchanged in Jnk1−/− and Jnk3−/− macrophages compared with wild-type macrophages. Jnk2−/− macrophages secreted significantly less TNF-α in response to pfGPI than macrophages from Jnk1−/−, Jnk3−/−, and wild-type counterparts. Furthermore, we demonstrate a role for JNK2 in mediating inflammatory responses and severe malaria in vivo. In contrast to wild-type or Jnk1−/− mice, Jnk2−/− mice had lower levels of TNF-α in vivo and exhibited significantly higher survival rates when challenged with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. These results provide direct evidence that pfGPI induces TNF-α secretion through activation of MAPK pathways, including JNK2. These results suggest that JNK2 is a potential target for therapeutic interventions in severe malaria.
Cytokine Expression and Accelerated Tooth Movement

It has been shown that inhibiting the expression of certain cytokines decreases the rate of tooth movement. Here, we hypothesized that stimulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines, through small perforations of cortical bone, increases the rate of bone remodeling and tooth movement. Forty-eight rats were divided into 4 groups: 50-cN force applied to the maxillary first molar (O), force application plus soft tissue flap (OF), force application plus flap plus 3 small perforations of the cortical plate (OFP), and a control group (C). From the 92 cytokines studied, the expression of 37 cytokines increased significantly in all experimental groups, with 21 cytokines showing the highest levels in the OFP group. After 28 days, micro-computed tomography, light and fluorescent microscopy, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated higher numbers of osteoclasts and bone remodeling activity in the OFP group, accompanied by generalized osteoporosity and increased rate of tooth movement.
Job Mobility in Europe, Japan and the U.S

Evidence about job mobility outside the U.S. is scarce and difficult to compare cross-nationally because of non-uniform data. We document job mobility patterns of college graduates in their first three years in the labor market, using unique uniform data covering 11 European countries and Japan. Using the NLSY, we replicate the information in this survey to compare the results to the U.S. We find that (1) U.S. graduates hold more jobs than European graduates. (2) Contrasting conventional wisdom, job mobility in Japan is only somewhat lower than the European average. (3) There are large differences in job mobility within Europe.