Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A bargaining-Walras approach for finite economies

We give a notion of bargaining set for finite economies and show its coincidence with the set of Walrasian allocations. Moreover, we also show that justified objections equate with Walrasian objections. Our bargaining-Walras equivalence provides a discrete approach to the characterization of competitive equilibria obtained by Mas-Colell (1989) for continuum economies. Some further results highlight whether it is possible to restrict the formation of coalitions and still get the bargaining set. Finally, recasting some known characterizations of Walrasian allocations, we state additional interpretations of the bargaining set.
Seasonal Trends in Nutrient Composition of Hass Avocado Leaves 1

Leaf analysis is successfully used as a diagnostic aid for many crops once adequate background, information on sampling, chemical analysis, and. reference levels has been established. Although limited, the published data on avocados suggests the feasibility of leaf analysis provided the above mentioned background information is obtained. Embleton et al. (6) and. Labanauskas et al. (10) provide information on sampling date and season pertaining to the Fuerte avocado. These observations were confined to a Fuerte avocado grove located in San Diego County. The present report presents details on the importance of leaf age, season, petiole versus leaf blade, and. leaf position, of Hass avocado trees grown outdoors under controlled sand culture conditions and, for comparative purposes, Hass avocado trees in an adjacent field. The comparison between sand culture trees and field trees permits a more confident evaluation of leaf composition in relation to some of the above factors. During the experiment, the sand culture trees as well as the field trees have been under controlled, uniform treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten sand culture units were constructed in such a manner that they were fully automatic with each/unit containing approximately 1 ton of silica sand. The individual solution reservoirs contained 500 liters. Solutions were regularly renewed on a schedule such that the substrate nutrition was essentially constant for the trees receiving the "complete nutrient" treatment. Commercially propagated Hass avocados on Mexican rootstocks were bare rooted and planted in the sand cultures during the Spring of 1956. The trees were maintained on a complete nutrient solution until November, 1958, at which time differential Mg treatments were imposed on. 6 trees, leaving 4 trees remaining on complete nutrient solution for the following 2 years. Additional details dealing specifically with Mg will be presented later. For comparative purposes, 2 Hass avocado trees were selected from an orchard adjacent to the tanks, and. included, in the present studies. Richards et al. (15) may be referred, to for specific management details of the field trees. During 1959 and 1960, leaf samples were collected every 60 days from each of the sand culture trees and field trees. Forty leaves (blade and petiole) per tree were
Evolution of silicon bulk lifetime during III–V‐on‐Si multijunction solar cell epitaxial growth

The evolution of Si bulk minority carrier lifetime during the heteroepitaxial growth of III–V on Si multijunction solar cell structures via metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has been analyzed. In particular, the impact on Si lifetime resulting from the four distinct phases within the overall MOCVD‐based III–V/Si growth process were studied: (1) the Si homoepitaxial emitter/cap layer; (2) GaP heteroepitaxial nucleation; (3) bulk GaP film growth; and (4) thick GaAsyP1‐y compositionally graded metamorphic buffer growth. During Phase 1 (Si homoepitaxy), an approximately two order of magnitude reduction in the Si minority carrier lifetime was observed, from about 450 to ≤1 µs. However, following the GaP nucleation (Phase 2) and thicker film (Phase 3) growths, the lifetime was found to increase by about an order of magnitude. The thick GaAsyP1‐y graded buffer was then found to provide further recovery back to around the initial starting value. The most likely general mechanism behind the observed lifetime evolution is as follows: lifetime degradation during Si homoepitaxy because of the formation of thermally induced defects within the Si bulk, with subsequent lifetime recovery due to passivation by fast‐diffusing atomic hydrogen coming from precursor pyrolysis, especially the group‐V hydrides (PH3, AsH3), during the III–V growth. These results indicate that the MOCVD growth methodology used to create these target III–V/Si solar cell structures has a substantial and dynamic impact on the minority carrier lifetime within the Si substrate. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EXPRESSION OF CANCER STEM CELL MARKER OCTAMER-BINDING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 4 IN HIGH-GRADE TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to provide an outlook of urothelial carcinoma through the immunohistochemical expression patterns of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) in high-grade transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. Methods: A total number of 60 tissue samples were collected for the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the pathological diagnosis of the bladder tissue, Group A: 30 cases with high-grade TCC of the bladder and Group B: 30 cases with apparently normal bladder tissue. Tissue immunohistochemical analysis was applied to investigate the expression patterns of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers OCT4 in bladder samples. Results: OCT4 was positive in 80% of specimens of Group A and 3.3% in specimens of Group B. The association between OCT4 marker result and certain histopathological features in high-grade group: Positive OCT4 result was found in patients with inflammation and necrosis (90.9%) with a significant association (p=0.013). Regarding muscular invasion, we noticed that 87.5% of patients with muscular invasion showed positive OCT4 marker result with a significant association (p=0.039) between OCT4 marker result and muscular invasion. As well, OCT4 marker was highly sensitive and specific (sensitivity=66.7%, specificity=96.7%, and accuracy=76.7%). Conclusion: There was a significant expression of CSC OCT4 in high-grade TCC, OCT4 can be considered as a key regulator of tumor progression, aggressive behavior, and metastasis.
Effects of Engine Acoustic Waves on Optical Environment in Flight on AAOL-T

Wavefront measurements were performed in-flight for a hemispherical turret on the Airborne AeroOptics Laboratory-Transonic (AAOL-T). For turret side-looking angles near 90°, upstream propagating optical distortions over the turret aperture were observed. These distortions were contributed to acoustic waves originating from the engine downstream of the turret. The acoustical waves were modeled by combining a potential flow solution for a single-frequency moving acoustic source and a potential flow around a sphere. The model was shown to properly predict the spatial statistics and convective speeds of the experimentally-observed wavefronts. The model also correctly explained the viewing-angle dependence of the acoustic-related optical distortions. It was shown that for side-viewing angles between 90 and 100 degrees, these acoustical distortions can be a significant contributor to the overall aero-optical distortions.
Influence of Organizational Factors on In-House Software Quality Assurance in Strategic State Corporations in Kenya

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of organizational factors on in-housesoftware quality assurance in Strategic state corporations in Kenya.Methodology: The study used quantitative research method and applied Survey research design. Theresearch population and target group comprised 6large Strategic state corporations, three in Transport andInfrastructure sector and three in the Energy sector. These are playing a critical to the Kenyan economyand the attainment of Vision 2030. These corporations have a combined ICT work force of approximately300 personnel. From the research population, a sample of 169 respondents was scientifically selected andadministered with questionnaires using a drop and pick method. A multiple linear regression model wasused to analyze the data using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). Results: The study found that 38.5% of the variation in In-house Software Quality Assurance in Strategicstate corporations can be explained by Organizational factors. The result of coefficients to the estimateswas 0.000 and hence significant at the 0.05 level of significance. This indicated that Organizational factorspositively and significantly influence In-house Software Quality Assurance in Strategic state corporations.The results also found that Government regulation had a partial intervening effect on the relationshipbetween Organizational factors and in-house Software Quality Assurance in Strategic state corporations.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The findings of this study are useful to theGovernment, Strategic state corporations, Policy makers, Scholars, Software developers, IT consultantsand other state corporations. There is need to develop policies and software development frameworkthatwill be create a conducive Organizational environment that supports in-house development of qualitysoftware
Data-Driven Adversarial Learning for Sinogram-Based Iterative Low-Dose CT Image Reconstruction

One of the most active research areas in computed tomography (CT) is to devise a strategy to reduce radiation exposure, while maintaining high image quality, required for accurate diagnosis. The recent advancements offered by deep learning based data-driven approaches for solving inverse problems in biomedical imaging have led to the development of an alternative method for producing high-quality reconstructed images from low-dose CT data. While most of the reconstruction approaches tackle the problem from a post-processing perspective, in this paper, inspired by the idea of unfolding a proximal gradient descent optimization algorithm to finite iterations, and replacing the proximal terms with trainable deep artificial neural networks, we propose an end-to-end solution for reconstructing full-dose tomographic images directly from low-dose measurements. The framework is designed to encapsulate the knowledge of the physical model of CT image formation, and to produce high-quality images that account for human perception through a Generative Adversarial Network with Wasserstein distance and a contextual loss. The proposed method was validated on a clinical dataset, and promising results have been obtained compared to the state-of-the-art mean-squared-error (MSE) based learned iterative reconstruction approach, while also maintaining a runtime suitable for a routine clinical setting.
Wave Heating and Range of Stellar Activity in Late-Type Dwarfs

Theoretical time-dependent and two-component chromospheric models for late-type dwarfs are constructed based on acoustic and magnetic wave heating mechanisms. The models are used to predict the theoretical range of chromospheric activity for these stars. Comparison of this range with the one established observationally shows that the wave heating alone can explain most but not all of the observed range of stellar activity.
Aging and Dry Eye: Age-Related Changes in the Function of the Ocular Sensory Apparatus Likely Underlie Dry Eye Symptoms

Dry eye is a multifactorial disease impacting the ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability associated with potential damage to the ocular sensory apparatus. Dry eye is diagnosed in approximately 3.2 million U.S. women and 1.7 million U.S. men older than 50 years of age. While the natural history of dry eye remains to be determined, dry eye rates increase with age, reaching the highest among women 75-79 years of age and men 80-84 years of age. Many patients with dry eye describe features of neuropathic pain, including spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia, suggesting dysfunction of the ocular sensory apparatus, which likely impacts the lacrimal functional unit altering basal and reflex tear secretion. Co- morbid conditions such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder commonly associated with other chronic pain conditions provide further evidence that dry eye may be associated with central processing abnormalities. In fact, recent data show dry eye represents a chronic overlapping pain condition that is significantly impacted by environment and shared genetic factors. In the following sections we review how aging may impact the anatomical structures associated with dry eye. Among other factors, sensitization of the ocular sensory apparatus occurs which occurs with aging is likely influenced by multiple environmental and genetic factors common to other chronic pain conditions and an important driver of ocular pain and dry eye symptoms with aging.
Are protected areas maintaining bird diversity

Evaluating the effectiveness of protected areas for sustaining biodiversity is crucial to achieving conservation outcomes. While studies of effectiveness have improved our understanding of protected-area design and management, few investigations (< 5%) have quantified the ecological performance of reserves for conserving species. Here, we present an empirical evaluation of protected-area effectiveness using long-term measures of a vulnerable assemblage of species. We compare forest and woodland bird diversity in the Australian Capital Territory over 11 yr on protected and unprotected areas located in temperate eucalypt woodland and matched by key habitat attributes. We examine separately the response of birds to protected areas established prior to 1995 and after 1995 when fundamental changes were made to regional conservation policy. Bird diversity was measured in richness, occurrence of vulnerable species, individual species trajectories and functional trait groups. We found that protected areas were effective in maintaining woody vegetation cover in the study region, but were less effective in the protection of the target bird species assemblage. Protected areas were less species rich than unprotected areas, with significant declines in richness across sites protected prior to 1995. Small, specialised and vulnerable species showed stronger associations with unprotected areas than protected areas. Our findings indicate that recently established reserves (post-1995) are performing similarly to unprotected woodland areas in terms of maintaining woodland bird diversity, and that both of these areas are more effective in the conservation of woodland bird populations than reserves established prior to 1995. We demonstrate that the conservation value of protected areas is strongly influenced by the physical characteristics, as well as the landscape context, of a given reserve and can diminish with changes in surrounding land use over time. Both protected areas and off-reserve conservation schemes have important roles to play in securing species populations.
A Precautionary Approach to Fishery Control Rules Based on Surplus Production Modeling

A risk-averse control rule, derived from surplus production model parameters and associated uncertainty, was developed to manage fisheries for maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and rapid rebuilding of overfished stocks. The proposed control rule consists of an overfishing threshold of F MSY (the fishing mortality which produces MSY on a continuing basis, equal to half the intrinsic population growth rate, r) when biomass is greater than B MSY (the biomass which can produce MSY). When biomass is less than B MSY , the threshold F is derived as the maximum F which allows rebuilding to B MSY in a specified period. Assuming logistic population growth, threshold F is a function of biomass relative to B MSY and r. Precautionary levels of target F are derived from uncertainty in the estimate of r. Target F for a healthy stock is less than F MSY , because it is derived from a lower quantile of the conditional probability distribution of r (designated as r). At low stock size, target F is the maximum F which allows rebuilding to B MSY in the specified period, assuming that r is the intrinsic growth rate. The proposed control rule was applied to results of a nonequilibrium production model (ASPIC) of the Georges Bank yellowtail flounder stock, which is currently rebuilding from a collapsed state. Four years appears to be an appropriate rebuilding period for this stock, because r was e timated to be relatively rapid (0.60). Target F is derived from the 10 th bootstrap percentile of r (r=0.53; F MSY =r/2=0.26). Conditional stochastic projection of ASPIC results suggests that, after four years of a rebuilding target determined by the control rule, there is high prob ab lity that the stock will grow to exceed B MSY , and then produce 95% of MSY at the long-term target F. However, the cumulative risk of not achieving B MSY in the specified period substantially increases if the rebuilding period is increased. The proposed control rule may be applied to other stocks which can be reliably modeled by logistic growth. Target F will be slightly less than the overf is ing limit if r is well estimated, and substantially less than the limit if r is poorly estimated. However, the appropriate rebuilding time may be longer for slower-growing stocks ( r<0.6) and shorter for faster-growing stocks ( r>0.6) to conserve similar levels of relative biomass.
Association between leptin gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and carcass traits in pigs

Foi investigada a associacao entre os polimorfismos de base unica (SNPs) T2411C e T3266G da leptina e as caracteristicas de carcaca em suinos F2 procedentes do cruzamento de machos da raca Piau com matrizes comercias de composicao genetica Landrace, Large White e Pietrain. As analises de associacao foram feitas usando um modelo estatistico que incluia genotipo, sexo e lote como efeitos fixos, e pai e erro como efeitos aleatorios. O SNP T2411C esteve associado ao peso da copa sem pele e sem gordura (BSW), a espessura de gordura subcutânea na altura da ultima costela a 6,5 cm da linha media (P2), ao peso da paleta sem pele e sem gordura e ao peso do filezinho (SLW). O SNP T3266G foi associado a idade de abate, peso do bacon, BSW, espessura da gordura subcutânea entre a ultima e a penultima vertebra lombar, na linha media, espessura da gordura subcutânea na altura da ultima costela na linha media, P2 e peso da costela. Os genotipos combinados para ambos os SNP estiveram associados a P2, peso total da copa, rendimento de carcaca e peso do filezinho. Os SNPs analisados tem potencial para ser explorados como marcadores para composicao de carcaca em suinos.
An Effective Interest Alignment Mechanism or a Tool to Expropriate: A Review of Malaysian Esos Adoption

Employee Shares Option Scheme (ESOS) is theorised as a solution to bridge the interest of managers with owners of the firms particularly in setting where ownership is widely held.Modern corporations in developing countries are characterised by controlling shareholders who are also actively involved in the management of firms.The resultant conflict of interests between the majority and the minority shareholders questions the suitability of ESOS in aligning their interests towards the firm’s common goal.Findings from the study suggest that the usual determinants of ESOS adoption in the West do not hold in the environment of high ownership concentration.The post-adoption performance has not improved and there is no significant difference between the adopting and the non-adopting firms after controlling for size and industry.Nonetheless, there is evidence of better performance for adopting firms in terms of profitability albeit very weak in magnitude.
An Insight into Stability Conditions of Discrete-Time Systems With Time-Varying Delay

This note studies an interesting phenomenon for stability conditions of discrete-time systems with time-varying delay. The underlying reason behind this phenomenon is revealed, and thereafter some conclusions are drawn: (i) Stability conditions of discrete-time systems with time-varying delay are generally divided into two types: those obtained by summation inequalities with free-matrix variables and those obtained by the combination of summation inequalities without free-matrix variables and the reciprocally convex lemma; (ii) The conservatism between the two types of stability conditions can not be theoretically compared. To clearly demonstrate this interesting phenomenon and meanwhile, to further verify these conclusions, several bounded real lemmas are obtained via different bounding-inequality methods and applied to a numerical example.
Phenotypic characterization of pigs and their production system in Liberia

Native pig farming is an important component of rural farming systems in Liberia but the population has recently stagnated, due to the absence of a comprehensive improvement and conservation program. A survey was conducted to measure the phenotypic morphometric parameters and production system of native and exotic pigs of Liberia. The survey was carried out in 15 Counties of Liberia and covered 545 animals from 264 farms. A pre-tested structured questionnaire, group discussion and in-depth interviews were the tools used in data collection. Phenotypic descriptors were directly measured using a measuring tape. The main pig breeds encountered were Landrace, Large White/Yorkshire and native pigs. The sampled pigs had predominantly smooth skin (91%), solid/uniform coat color pattern (80%) and straight head profile (82%). Mean adult body weight was 55.1±1.2 kg, body length 88.9±0.74 cm and chest girth 91.4± cm. The ears are prick (52%) or droopy (38%) and more pigs have long and thin snouts (74%). The pig farmers were mostly male (71%), literate (72%) and did not belong to any farmer’s association and their main motivation for raising pigs is income (92%). The production system is mainly commercial (51%) and subsistence (46%) based on backyard scavenging (71%) and use of local feeds (72%). Key words: Pig characterization, genetic resources, production systems.
An Efficient Analog Compact NBTI Model for Stress and Recovery Based on Activation Energy Maps

Despite considerable research efforts, efficient and accurate analog bias temperature instability (BTI) stress and recovery models are still urgently needed to evaluate aging in circuit simulators. We present a model for arbitrary analog BTI stress based on distributed first-order reactions to model the time dynamics responsible for the threshold voltage shift of BTI. We use a single activation energy map, which includes the voltage and temperature dependence of stress and recovery. To validate the model, we present the calculation of the threshold voltage shift after arbitrary gate bias stress with high accuracy, industry-compatible measurement effort, and stress time-independent computational effort and introduce a model suitable for circuit simulations.
Operational Enhancement of Electric Drives by Advanced Cooling Technologies

Heat dissipation determines the power density and Esson’s Number of electric motor drives. This paper discusses the thermal influence parameters on Esson’s Number. The influencing parameters are studied and discussed in detail. The developed methodology is applied to an induction motor for traction application. Test bench measurements are used to parametrize a thermal reduced order model and study different combinations of rotor and stator cooling technologies, such as natural convection cooling systems of the housing, forced gas and liquid cooling systems of the housing as well as two different types of forced liquid cooling systems of the rotor. The deepened knowledge helps to understand the complex correlations and dependencies in electric machine thermal design processes.