Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Freshwater Fish Fauna in Watersheds of Mt . Makiling Forest Reserve , Laguna , Philippines

Survey of freshwater fish fauna was conducted in watersheds of Makiling Forest Reserve (MFR), Laguna, Philippines. These watersheds were Molawin Creek, Dampalit Falls, and Cambantoc River, all in the Province of Laguna, Philippines and directly under the management of Makiling Center for Mountain Ecosystems (MCME), University of the Philippines Los Baños. There were 10 families of fish found in MFR. Two native species, Rock goby (Glossogobius celebius) and Snakehead gudgeon (Giuris margaritacea), were found to be common in all the watersheds of Makiling Forest Reserve. Similarity index of the three watersheds was computed at 72 %. Diversity index of the study areas was 1.12, 1.15, and 0.85 for Dampalit Falls, Molawin Creek, and Cambantoc River, respectively. In terms of species richness, Molawin Creek had twelve species, four of which are native; Dampalit Falls had twelve but with five native and one endemic species; and Cambantoc River had nine with two native species. The study revealed that Makiling Forest Reserve harbors a diverse community of fish. However, diminutive species which are becoming prone to extinction, such as Glossogobius celebius and Hippichthys heptagonus, also found the place as a haven especially in those areas with least human interventions. The study also showed that there was no significant difference in the physico-chemical properties among the three sites. Conservation efforts must focus on protecting these areas to guarantee the continuous existence of these diminutive species which are very important components of our freshwater ecosystems. The survey also updated the list of freshwater fish fauna of Makiling Forest Reserve.
Effects of Changing Temperature on Gross N Transformation Rates in Acidic Subtropical Forest Soils

Soil temperature change caused by global warming could affect microbial-mediated soil nitrogen (N) transformations. Gross N transformation rates can provide process-based information about abiotic–biotic relationships, but most previous studies have focused on net rates. This study aimed to investigate the responses of gross rates of soil N transformation to temperature change in a subtropical acidic coniferous forest soil. A 15N tracing experiment with a temperature gradient was carried out. The results showed that gross mineralization rate of the labile organic N pool significantly increased with increasing temperature from 5 °C to 45 °C, yet the mineralization rate of the recalcitrant organic N pool showed a smaller response. An exponential response function described well the relationship between the gross rates of total N mineralization and temperature. Compared with N mineralization, the functional relationship between gross NH4+ immobilization and temperature was not so distinct, resulting in an overall significant increase in net N mineralization at higher temperatures. Heterotrophic nitrification rates increased from 5 °C to 25 °C but declined at higher temperatures. By contrast, the rate of autotrophic nitrification was very low, responding only slightly to the range of temperature change in the most temperature treatments, except for that at 35 °C to 45 °C, when autotrophic nitrification rates were found to be significantly increased. Higher rates of NO3− immobilization than gross nitrification rates resulted in negative net nitrification rates that decreased with increasing temperature. Our results suggested that, with higher temperature, the availability of soil N produced from N mineralization would significantly increase, potentially promoting plant growth and stimulating microbial activity, and that the increased NO3− retention capacity may reduce the risk of leaching and denitrification losses in this studied subtropical acidic forest.
Hipertensión arterial en México: Resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENSA) 2000

Proposito. Identificar la prevalencia de hipertension arterial en Mexico y su relacion con otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular tales como diabetes, proteinuria, tabaquismo y obesidad. Metodo. Durante el ano 2000 se realizo una encuesta nacional probabilistica en 45,300 personas de toda la Republica sobre aspectos de enfermedades cronicas tales como diabetes, hipertension arterial (HTA), obesidad, proteinuria, tabaquismo y alcoholismo. Con un intervalo de confianza al 95% para una z (alfa)= 1.96, una proporcion de prevalencia estimada minima de 6%, un defecto de diseno de 2.5 y, un error relativo maximo de 0.145, se calculo un tamano de muestra de 44,344 personas. El diagnostico de HTA fue basado por diagnostico medico previo con toma de antihipertensivos o bien presion arterial al momento de la encuesta con cifras ≥ 140 mmHg en presion sistolica y/o ≥ 90 mmHg en presion diastolica. Los datos fueron ponderados para la distribucion de poblacion y genero de acuerdo con la encuesta nacional de poblacion y vivienda 2000 (INEGI). Resultados. Un total de 38,377 (98.8%) personas con edades entre los 20 y 69 anos fueron incluidas para estimar la prevalencia de HTA, el resto fueron eliminadas por no tener la informacion adecuada. La prevalencia global para la republica mexicana fue de 30.05%. La prevalencia en hombres fue de 34.2% y en la mujer de 26.3%. La prevalencia fue directamente proporcional a la edad. Asi, despues de los 50 anos, la prevalencia de HTA supera el 50%. La mujer alcanza y supera en prevalencia al hombre a partir de los 50 anos. Los estados del norte de la republica tuvieron una prevalencia de HTA de ~34%, mientras que en el sur se obtuvo ~ 27% (p < 0.05). Los odds ratio para HTA (ajustados para edad) fueron: en diabetes de 1.54 (IC95%, 1.44 - 1.63); en obesidad 2.3 (IC95%, 2.22 - 2.43); en tabaquismo 1.26 (IC95%, 1.21 - 1.32)
Re-Factoring Based Program Repair Applied to Programming Assignments

Automated program repair has been used to provide feedback for incorrect student programming assignments, since program repair captures the code modification needed to make a given buggy program pass a given test-suite. Existing student feedback generation techniques are limited because they either require manual effort in the form of providing an error model, or require a large number of correct student submissions to learn from, or suffer from lack of scalability and accuracy. In this work, we propose a fully automated approach for generating student program repairs in real-time. This is achieved by first re-factoring all available correct solutions to semantically equivalent solutions. Given an incorrect program, we match the program with the closest matching refactored program based on its control flow structure. Subsequently, we infer the input-output specifications of the incorrect program's basic blocks from the executions of the correct program's aligned basic blocks. Finally, these specifications are used to modify the blocks of the incorrect program via search-based synthesis. Our dataset consists of almost 1,800 real-life incorrect Python program submissions from 361 students for an introductory programming course at a large public university. Our experimental results suggest that our method is more effective and efficient than recently proposed feedback generation approaches. About 30% of the patches produced by our tool Refactory are smaller than those produced by the state-of-art tool Clara, and can be produced given fewer correct solutions (often a single correct solution) and in a shorter time. We opine that our method is applicable not only to programming assignments, and could be seen as a general-purpose program repair method that can achieve good results with just a single correct reference solution.
AWARENESS, KNOWLEDGE AND BREAST CANCER SCREENING PRACTICES AMONG IIUM NON-ACADEMIC STAFF AAINA MARDHIAH BINTI ABDUL MUTALIB DEPARTMENT OF DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING AND RADIOTHERAPY, KULLIYYAH OF ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES, INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA, JLN SULTAN

In Malaysia, breast cancer is the commonest cancer among women indicating that early diagnosis and screening practice is important to increase the survival rate. Breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography are the main screening practices for breast cancer. Knowledge and awareness of breast cancer can play an important role in aiding early detection of breast cancer. Little is known about the knowledge of breast cancer and screening practices among the non-academic staff in IIUM, Kuantan. As such this study aims to determine the knowledge and screening practices of breast cancer amongst the non-academic staff at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 nonacademic staff from ten different departments in IIUM, Kuantan from March to April 2017. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire on knowledge of breast cancer and screening practices. The relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of breast cancer and breast cancer screening practices were carried out using chi-square. No significance difference was found between knowledge of breast cancer and socio-demographic factors. However significant relationships were found between the age of respondents and BSE as well as the level of education of respondents and CBE. Most non-academic staff possessed an average level of knowledge on breast cancer and screening practices due to possibly ease of access to information. Low performance of breast screening practices was indicated possibly due to lack of awareness, misconception of the need and benefits derived from such screening practices.
Area and Seedlings Demand Forecast of Cabbage and Economics of Nurseries in Karnataka

India is the second largest producer of vegetables in the world next to China. The cabbage is the major vegetable crop of Karnataka. The study was conducted in Belagavi, Haveri and Kolar districts to analyze cost and returns of seedling rising in nursery under shade net condition. This study also attempts to estimate the area under cultivation of cabbage in Karnataka and also to forecast the demand for cabbage seedlings during 2019-20. The results indicated that the area under cabbage cultivation estimated to be 11263 hectare and the demand for cabbage seedlings are 62.57crores in the state of Karnataka for the agricultural year 2019-20. The analysis of the study indicated that, the nursery entrepreneurs have invested ` 265977 towards setting up of nursery in an area of 1000 m2 under shade net on their own. The economic analysis pointed out that entrepreneurs have realized gross income of ̀ 248920 and net returns of ` 77383 per time. The capital investment on cabbage nursery was found to be economically viable in terms of Net Present Worth (` 119836), Benefit Cost Ratio (1.30) and Internal Rate of Returns (78%).
Informative Milestones in Experimentation ∗

I study a continuous-time moral hazard problem with private learning about a project of unknown quality. There is ex ante symmetric information and full commitment for the principal. The project generates a profit if two consecutive stages are completed. The amount of experimentation required to complete the first stage (milestone) is informative but not conclusive about the quality of the project. The informativeness of the milestone yields an incentive to privately shirk in the first stage. This increases the principal’s pessimism in the second stage and thereby induces more favorable second-stage contract terms for the agent. In the optimal contract, the reward for a first-stage success is decreasing in its arrival time to prevent effort delays. The composition of the reward changes with the success time: early successes are rewarded with long second-stage deadlines and no bonus payments in the first stage, while later successes are rewarded with first-stage bonus payments and less continuation value from second-stage experimentation. Allowing for agent replacement between stages, I show that the principal wants to replace the agent in the second stage if the success arrives late. JEL Classifications: D82, D83, D86, G24, L14, O31
Altered Sex Ratio of Offspring in Chemical Industry Workers

Altered sex ratio has been observed in inhabitants" and workers who were exposed to chemical materials'-". The chemicals which were reported to affect the sex ratio of offspring include dioxin, dibromochloropropane, organochlorine pesticides and waste anesthetic gases. In Japan, altered sex ratio of offspring has been reported in neither inhabitants nor workers. This prompted us to examine the sex ratio of offspring of chemical industry workers in Japan.
Neurofeedback induced restoration on sensorimotor rhythm after 24 h of hand immobilization

In this study, we examined the effect of neurofeedback on EEG changes due to immobilization of the dominant hand. Desynchronization of the sensorimotor rhythms during motor imagery was used as a tool to investigate brain activity. The study is based on 8 healthy subjects who underwent immobilization of the dominant hand for 24 hours. The electrical activity of the sensorimotor region of the cerebral cortex was registered during mental imagery of hand movements before the immobilization, soon after its removal and after a single session of neurofeedback. The control of the feedback stimuli was based on changes in sensorimotor rhythms produced by imagination of movement. Preliminary results show that immobilization caused changes in alpha and beta rhythms that were rapidly reversed after a single session of neurofeedback. At the end of the full study, if the here presented observations will still hold, the neurofeedback protocol will be proposed for routine rehabilitation sessions in patients suffering partial or total limb disability.
Immunologic Diagnosis of Neurotuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the world, particularly in developing countries. The high incidence and mortality of TB in these countries mainly resides in the limited financial resources, the emergence of multiresistant strains and the spread of HIV infections. The key element for controlling TB is a rapid and early diagnosis which ensures the correct treatment and eradication of the infection source in the community. Current strategies for the development of a rapid and accurate diagnosis address 3 major objectives: improving the present diagnostic tools through better knowledge, developing new tests and increasing the accessibility to such diagnostic possibilities (Who Strategic Directions, 2006). The gold standard of diagnosis in TB is the identification of mycobacteria in the pathologic product using acid-fast smear microscopy and mycobacterial culture. Nevertheless the bacteriologic diagnosis is presently inefficient due to increasing number of smear-negative TB forms. This has led to the development of various complementary diagnostic methods such immunologic assays. The aim of the present chapter is to outline the literature data on the importance of the immunologic diagnosis in neurotuberculosis, a lethal localization of TB. It presents the current immunological assays and their practical value in the diagnosis of neurotuberculosis as complementary methods.
Sex hormones in head and neck cancer: Current knowledge and perspectives

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is an increasing problem worldwide. Oral carcinogenesis is a highly complex multifocal process. Molecular mechanisms contributing to initiation and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are still poorly known. Endocrine microenvironment is another imperative factor beside other well-documented risk factors like tobacco smoking, alcohol and infections in causing cancers of head and neck. These endocrine hormones play a role in tumor progression in case of cancers characteristically expressing sex hormone receptors, and it has been proven that these receptors also reside outside the sex organs in the larynx and lungs. However, the role of sex hormones in HNC is controversial, and few studies have been conducted to delineate their role in HNC. So, this review article is an attempt to draw an attention towards the potential role of sex hormones in pathogenesis of HNC and potential therapeutic modalities to prevent onset and progression of cancer.
Assessment of the food hygiene practices of food handlers in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria

Background: The principle of food hygiene implies that there should be minimal handling of food items. Food handlers are thus expected to observe proper hygiene and sanitation methods as the chances of food contamination largely depend on their health status and hygiene practices. Objective: This study assessed the food hygiene practices of food handlers and made recommendations for improved food safety measures within food establishments in the Federal Capital Territory. Materials and Methods: The study design was cross-sectional descriptive. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 168 food handlers of various types. Data was collected using a mix of quantitative methods (structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and observation checklist). Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences version 14. Results: Four categories of food handlers were identified in 45 food establishments. Seventy-one (42.3%) of the subjects are males, whereas 97 (57.7%) are females. Most of them, 122 (72.7%), had secondary education and above, whereas 46 (27.3%) had primary education and below. One hundred and fifty (89.3%) of them wash their hands after the use of toilets, whereas only 44 (26.7%) change their hand gloves at work. One hundred and twenty (71.4%) of them undergo regular medical checkup, whereas 53 (31.5%) are isolated from workplace when ill. A few of them, 51 (30.4%) use sanitizers/disinfectants at workplace, whereas 38 (22.6%) check food temperature with thermometer. Also, 103 (61.3%) use ideal waste disposal methods at workplace (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Establishments should train staff regularly on basic personal hygienic techniques, self care and good house-keeping practices.
Hand osteoarthritis - Clinical Presentation, Phenotypes and Management

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common arthritic disorder, affecting increasing numbers of people in an ageing population [1]. Nearly 27 million people are estimated to have OA among US adults [2]. OA of the hand is known to cause significant morbidity and can have a severe impact on patients’ functional capacity. For example, the US Framingham study found that 27% of adults aged over 26 have hand OA (HOA) [2]. In addition, a large European study of 7983 people demonstrated that 25% of participants with hand pain showed significant hand disability [3]. Hand OA can lead to the development of chronic pain, causing significant emotional and financial burden to those affected, impacting on carers and on society as a whole [4]. Treatment of HOA currently comprises analgesia with analgesic drugs including topical or oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), opioid analgesics and rehabilitative hand physiotherapy [5]. However, large numbers of people continue to experience impaired hand function and pain.
EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION FARMING ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN KAFUR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA

The study assessed the effects of irrigation farming on socio-economic development in Kafur Local Government area of Katsina State, Nigeria. The study used three hundred and seventy-nine (379) irrigation farmers selected from two registered and functional irrigation Farmers’ Association in Kafur and Mahuta districts. Purposive sampling technique was adopted in the administration of questionnaire to the 379 sampled irrigation farmers. The research centred on primary data such as information on socio-economic and demographic characteristics of farmers, major crops grown and types of technology adopted, land holdings and form of labour deployed, socioeconomic benefits of the scheme and constraints to irrigation activities. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, averages and percentages was used to summarize the data into tabular forms. Similarly, charts were produced to show the results clearly. Additionally, Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test the relationship between irrigation farming and socio-economic development of Kafur LGA. The result indicates that the commonest crops cultivated were tomatoes (44%) and leafy vegetable (31%). Hired labour provided more than half (71.2%) of the labour engaged in irrigation activities. Nearly all, (285) respondents confirmed that a good number of infrastructural facilities such as deep wells, feeder roads, market, shops etc. were built via Sulma Dam Project. Besides, 70, 44 and 39% of respondents rated improved housing condition, improvement in education of children and better quality diet, respectively to be excellent. Correlation matrix of the community development indices indicates a positive and significant relationship between shops and income of irrigation farmers (r = .550, p =0.01) and construction of bridges and feeder roads (r = .527, p =1.000). The Constraints to effective irrigation activities were infestation of pests and disease on tomatoes and leafy vegetables (78%), price fluctuation (10.9%), drought (drying up of dam) (5%) and inadequate finance (3.9%). However, income from irrigation has substantially enhanced the overall economic well-being of irrigation farmers in study area. Hence, the study recommends increase in farmers’ access to loan, improvement in farmers’ knowledge of irrigation farming, intensification of irrigation agriculture, improved access to marketing opportunities and establishment of agro-rural industries.
"Review of optimal siting and sizing techniques for distributed generation in the distribution system"

The installation of DG in the distribution system is challenging for the technical, economic and environmental aspects. The smaller scale generation technologies are developed for minimum cost and today's competition. The range capacities from a few kilowatts to 100MW. The optimal siting and sizing of DG in the distribution system improve the reduces the losses, improves the voltage and improve the economics of the system. However, to find the optimal solution for multi-objective problems, the different optimization methods are studied. This paper study the impact of DG onthe distribution system, Distributed generation, a different approach for optimal siting and sizing impact on utilities and the customers.
Revisiting the Intrinsic Integration Hypothesis

The Intrinsic Integration Hypothesis proposes that educational games that use the core game mechanisms to teach the learning material are not only more fun to play, but also more effective at communicating the target knowledge. My thesis tests the Intrinsic Integration Hypothesis with two educational versions of Battleship that were designed for my experiment. This study examined the learning gains and motivation of 58 participants who interacted with either the intrinsic or extrinsic version for 35 minutes. The results contradicted previous findings in support of the Intrinsic Integration Hypothesis: participants reported that both games were similarly motivating as measured by questionnaire data, and participants who practised with the extrinsically-integrated version of the game learned more as measured by pretest to posttest gains. This work contributes empirical data to the debate concerning intrinsic integration, and it raises concerns about the need for transfer and increased cognitive load in these educational games.