Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Local Governance for Social Sustainability: equity as a strategic response to neoliberal constraints in food security initiatives

ABSTRACT Scholarly literature recognises the importance of social sustainability as part of the wider sustainability agenda. A wide array of concepts such as equity, social justice, democratic government, social inclusion, social capital and quality of life are thought to constitute social sustainability. Local governments are charged with delivering social programs and services to their constituency, but market logics and performance-based institutional cultures, along with limited authority and funding, constrain their capacity to respond to new initiatives. We analyse two case studies in Victoria, Australia, to explore how elements of social sustainability are articulated and operationalised within local government. Each case study involved State-level and local government partnerships in health-promotion initiatives to improve food security. Analysis was conducted on 50 primary policy documents, 22 secondary data documents and 27 interviews. Findings reveal that a systems-based or integrated approach to social sustainability was not workable but not completely ineffective. Equity was prioritised by local government in both case studies, and well acknowledged as interconnected with other social goals. Although constrained in its capacity to deliver new initiatives, local government responded to neoliberalising ideologies, as well as its constituency, by strategically focusing on a particular goal, such as equity.
The impact of school socioeconomic status on student lunch consumption after implementation of the Texas Public School Nutrition Policy.

BACKGROUND This study compares the impact of the Texas Public School Nutrition Policy on lunch consumption of low- and middle-income students in sixth through eighth grades. METHODS Students in 1 middle socioeconomic status (SES) and 1 low SES school completed lunch food records before (2001/2002) and after (2005/2006) implementation of the Texas policy. Students recorded amount and source of foods/beverages consumed. Two-way analyses of variance with year and school SES as factors were performed to compare consumption by school SES before and after implementation of the Texas policy. RESULTS Regardless of year, the low SES group consumed less fat, sweetened beverages, and candy and more vitamin C and calcium than the middle SES group. There were more significant improvements in dietary patterns for the middle SES school students post-policy, particularly from the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) meal. The middle SES school students reported significantly higher percentages of less healthy items from home post-policy. CONCLUSIONS Overall, low SES school students consumed more healthy lunches at school compared with middle SES school students, and the Texas policy improved middle SES school student dietary intakes. Whether the dietary behaviors in school influence dietary intake for the entire day is unknown.
Effect of hypothyroidism on the pituitary-gonadal axis in the adult female rat.

The pituitary-ovarian axis was studied after withdrawal of thyroid hormone in 131I-radiothyroidectomized adult female rats. Oestrous cycles became prolonged and irregular within 2 weeks after the supply of thyroid hormone was stopped. If an LH surge occurred in hypothyroid rats on the day of vaginal pro-oestrus it was significantly greater in rats which had been made hypothyroid for 4-5 weeks than in controls; in hypothyroid rats with an LH surge on pro-oestrus, plasma progesterone showed a rise similar to that in controls at pro-oestrus; the ovulation rate was decreased in hypothyroid rats. About half of the rats from which blood was sampled daily in the afternoon between 7 and 18 days after tri-iodothyronine (T3) withdrawal had 1 day of pro-oestrus; on this day the LH surge was higher than in controls. On days 2 and 1 before and days 1 and 2 after this pro-oestrus, plasma progesterone was similar to that of controls on days 2 and 1 before and days 1 and 2 after pro-oestrus respectively. However, progesterone was higher in the period before and after these days. The other hypothyroid rats showed no pro-oestrus and no LH surge during this period, while their plasma progesterone levels were high on all days. On the morning of day 10 after T3 withdrawal and 5 days after the preceding pro-oestrus, most hypothyroid rats had high progesterone and low oestradiol plasma levels. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Immunoglobulin C‐gene expression. III. Possible induction of specific genetic events in activated B lymphocytes by the polyclonal stimuli driving clonal expansion

Polyclonal activation of resting B lymphocytes by either lipopolysaccharide or specific helper cells recognizing antigens on B cell membranes results in selective patterns of IgG subclass expression among plaque‐forming cells. We have studied the IgG subclasses of plaque‐forming cells generated in cultures of purified B cell blasts selected for reactivity to either LPS or helper cells, and restimulated by either lipopolysaccharide, specific helper cells, or as “bystanders”, by nonspecific B cell growth factors. Development of IgG1 plaque‐forming cells is observed only when clonal expansion is maintained by specific helper cells, whereas IgG3 secretion specifically requires stimulation by lipopolysaccharide and the absence of helper cell activity. Furthermore, exposure of resting B lymphocytes to specific helper cells induces, in 48 h, an irreversible loss of the potential to produce IgG3. Other than showing that helper cell‐dependent B cell growth and maturation is more complex than previously suspected, these results suggest that differentiation signals or factors induce specific DNA recombination and deletion events.
Phase II study of vinorelbine in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

PURPOSE To evaluate the response rate and impact on quality of life of vinorelbine given as cycles of 30 mg/m(2) weekly for 6 weeks to patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-nine patients with histologically proven malignant pleural mesothelioma were enrolled (26 male patients and three female patients; median age, 58 years [range, 29 to 77 years]). Seventeen patients had epithelioid tumors, two had sarcomatoid tumors, and 10 had biphasic tumors. The International Mesothelioma Interest Group staging system was used: one patient had stage Ib disease, 10 had stage II disease, eight had stage III disease, and 10 had stage IV disease. Patients were treated with weekly injections of vinorelbine 30 mg/m(2). A cycle consisted of six weekly injections. The new guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors were used. Responses were measured by spiral computed tomography scan. RESULTS All twenty-nine patients had measurable disease and were assessed for response. There were seven partial responses (24% [95% confidence interval, 10% to 44%]), 16 patients had stable disease (55%), and six patients had disease progression on therapy (21%). The median number of vinorelbine injections was 12 (range, 2 to 30). Quality-of-life analyses showed a benefit for vinorelbine therapy. CONCLUSION Vinorelbine shows promise in the palliation of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. The relatively low toxicity of the drug suggests that trials of vinorelbine in combination with other agents should be feasible.
The teaching of English : research evidence and government policy

Government policy on the teaching of English since 1997 has been dominated by the implementation of the National Literacy Strategy (NLS) Framework for Teaching (FFT). Government claims about the evidence base for the FFT first appeared after its implementation. The commentary in this submission reflects on the contribution that five papers and a book have made to the examination of the evidence in support of the FFT. Two main priorities influenced the selection of publications for this submission: a) a body of work which was coherently linked; b) publications which were regarded by independent indicators as representing a high level of national and international significance. The philosophical framework for the submission was informed by modern variants of Socratic philosophy. Although qualitative methodology is my main area of expertise an interest in the positivist paradigm allowed for reflection on a range of methods evident in the primary sources that were critically reviewed. The substantive paradigm for the work reflected exploration of education policy in the context of linguistic theory. A critical overview of the field published in a book was followed by a series of papers which examined key areas in relation to government policy on the teaching of English. An analysis of evidence on the teaching of phonics to support reading linked psychological and educational research to show that phonics teaching had a specific but important contribution to make. A review of the research on grammar teaching revealed inadequate evidence for the view that grammar teaching supports the development of children's writing. The increased government control of the curriculum for schools and university education departments was explored in the context of Shulman's theories of subject knowledge definition and acquisition. As a culmination of early work the evidence base for the FFT was further examined by looking at school-effectiveness research, inspection evidence and
Right prefrontal and ventral striatum interactions underlying impulsive choice and impulsive responding

Although a multifaceted concept, many forms of impulsivity may originate from interactions between prefrontally‐mediated cognitive control mechanisms and limbic, reward or incentive salience approach processes. We describe a novel task that combines reward and control processes to probe this putative interaction. The task involves elements of the monetary incentive delay task (Knutson et al., [2000]: Neuroimage 12:20–27) and the Go/No‐Go task (Garavan et al., [1999]: Neuroimage 17:1820–1829) and requires human subjects to make fast responses to targets for financial reward but to occasionally inhibit responding when a NoGo signal rather than a target is presented. In elucidating the dynamic between reward anticipation and control we observed that successful inhibitions on monetary trials, relative to unsuccessful inhibitions, were associated, during the anticipation phase, with increased activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), decreased activity in the ventral striatum (VS), and altered functional connectivity between the two. Notably, this rIFG area had a small overlap but was largely distinct from an adjacent rIFG region that was active for the subsequent motor response inhibitions. Combined, the results suggest a role for adjacent regions of the rIFG in impulsive choice and in impulsive responding and identify a functional coupling between the rIFG and the VS. Hum Brain Mapp, 36:187–198, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The 0.8 day orbit of the precataclysmic binary EUVE J1016-053.

The optical counterpart of the new extreme ultraviolet source EUVE J1016-053 (=RE 1016-053) is known to show intermittent sharp Balmer and HE I emission and traces of an M dwarf associated with a white dwarf optical spectrum. We present extensive optical spectroscopy showing the emission lines vary in velocity and intensity on a period of 0d.78929 +/- 0d.00003. The phase of the emission-line strengths lags that of the velocities by 0.237 +/- 0.013 cycle, consistent with the quarter-cycle offset expected if emission arises from the side of the secondary facing the hot white dwarf. EUVE J1016-053 is another example of an extreme ultraviolet illumination-effect binary, which only recently emerged from a common-envelope phase of binary evolution. Based on spectroscopic measurements and new BVR photometry, we find that the M dwarf secondary's contribution to the combined light is smaller than previously reported, probably because of the difficulty of avoiding contamination from a third star 3". 2 distant. The velocity of the weak H II absorption is in antiphase to the emission, suggesting that it originates in the white dwarf photosphere. The mass function implied by the emission-line motion is f(M) = 0.28 +/- 0.08 M solar. Assuming the He II absorption does follow the white dwarf, the mass ratio MWD/MdM is 1.8 +/- 0.5, and the gravitational redshift is 45 +/- 14 km s-1. The modulation of the emission lines suggests the inclination i > 40 degrees, but plausible masses demand this inclination be well above the value.
Receptor co‐operation in retrovirus entry: recruitment of an auxiliary entry mechanism after retargeted binding

We have constructed Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV)‐derived envelope glycoproteins (AMO) displaying an amino‐terminal Ram‐1‐binding domain in which a variety of different amino acid spacers have been inserted between the displayed domain and the MoMLV surface (SU) subunit. Titres of retroviruses generated with these chimeric envelopes were enhanced on cells expressing both Ram‐1 and Rec‐1 receptors compared with the titres on cells expressing only one or other receptor type. The absolute viral titres and the degree of titre enhancement due to receptor co‐operativity were highly variable between the different chimeric envelopes and were determined primarily by the properties of the interdomain spacer. An extreme example of receptor co‐operativity was encountered when testing Ram‐1‐targeted AMOPRO envelopes with specific proline‐rich interdomain spacers. AMOPRO viruses could not enter cells expressing only Rec–1 or only Ram‐1 but could efficiently infect cells co‐expressing both receptors. The data are consistent with a model for receptor co‐operativity in which binding to the targeted (Ram‐1) receptor triggers conformational rearrangements of the envelope that lead to complete unmasking of the hidden Rec‐1‐binding domain, thereby facilitating its interaction with the viral (Rec–1) receptor which leads to optimal fusion triggering.
The impact of structured plaque control for patients with gingival manifestations of oral lichen planus: a randomized controlled study.

AIM To evaluate the impact of a structured plaque control intervention on clinical and patient-centred outcomes for patients with gingival manifestations of oral lichen planus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-two patients were recruited into a 20-week randomized controlled trial. The intervention was structured plaque control comprising powered tooth brushing and inter-dental cleaning advice. Control subjects continued with their normal dental plaque control regimen. The primary outcome measure was the oral health impact profile (OHIP) with secondary outcomes of pain, plaque index, mucosal disease score and cost-effectiveness. RESULTS Overall, the intervention patients showed statistically significant improvements in OHIP sum ordinal and OHIP dichotomous scores compared with control. There were improvements in the functional limitation, psychological discomfort and physical disability domains at 4- and 20-weeks and in the psychological disability domain at 20-weeks. The intervention was successful in reducing plaque compared to control (p < 0.001) and improvements were observed using the mucosal disease indices at the 4- and 20-week follow-ups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION A structured plaque control intervention was effective in improving the oral health-related quality of life and clinically observed gingival lesions. This study provides evidence to include intensive plaque control within patients' initial and on-going management.
Age and Food Deprivation Affects Expression of the Glucocorticosteroid Stress Response in Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) Chicks

We examined how the glucocortical stress response in free‐living Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) chicks changes with age and whether adrenocortical function of chicks within a brood varies in relation to food provisioned by adults. Chicks showed little corticosterone response to capture stress shortly after hatching, an intermediate response around 45‐d posthatch, and a robust stress response near fledging. However, in response to an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge, hatchlings were capable of secreting corticosterone at adult‐like levels. The larger sibling in broods of two showed a similar gradual stress‐response development pattern. In contrast, by day 45, when differences in body condition were well established between siblings, the smaller, food‐deprived chicks significantly increased baseline levels of corticosterone but showed normal stress‐induced levels. Near fledging, baseline levels had returned to normal, but stress‐induced levels were lower than expected. Similar to altricial species, normally developing semialtricial Magellanic penguin chicks do not express a robust corticosterone stress response until near fledging. Chronic stressors such as food deprivation cause corticosterone use to be up‐regulated earlier than expected. However, in cases of extended chronic stress, down‐regulation may ensue, thus avoiding the negative effects of chronically elevated levels of corticosterone.
Putting policy into practice: an exploratory study of SME innovation support in a peripheral UK region

Abstract Focussing on a regional Government sponsored support programme for technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the aim of this paper is to conduct a multi-level exploration of the relationships between policy interpretation and support programme design and the development of innovation capability among participant SMEs within a U.K peripheral region. The Innovplus programme was designed and implemented in Northern Ireland to help nascent high technology companies become more competitive and to contribute to the goals of the Regional Innovation Strategy. A knowledge-based absorptive capacity framework is used as the theoretical lens to explore the relationships between policy interpretation and programme design and the development of innovation capability within participant SMEs. The findings show that the design of the Innovplus programme, while linked to a coherent Regional Innovation Strategy, lacks consistency in relation to the policy and practical interpretation of knowledge and innovation. This inconsistency is reflected in the practical design of the programme, limiting its effectiveness as a result. In terms of the development of innovation capability, it was found that recognition and development of nascent absorptive capacity drivers in potential form was essential before participant SMEs could transition to realised absorptive capacity.
Functional anatomy of the lymphatic drainage system of the upper aerodigestive tract and its role in metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma

Although there is a significant understanding of the vascular anatomy of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), there is less detailed knowledge of the architecture and drainage patterns of the lymphatic system. Detailed knowledge of the lymphatic system is critical for understanding the role of sentinal node identification in the management of different cancers.
Indicators of tax morale: an exploratory study

Taxpayer compliance research has tended to focus on why people evade their taxes rather than on why the vast majority of people do willingly comply with their tax obligations. Whilst tax administrations globally seek to improve the efficiency of their revenue collections, there is growing recognition of the need to have a deeper understanding of why taxpayers comply voluntarily. A person’s internal motivations to comply are commonly characterised as his/her ‘tax morale’, the ‘key’ to the puzzle of understanding taxpayer compliance behavior. Thus tax morale is often seen as a ‘black box’ or the error term for the difference between predicted and observed behavior, a puzzle within a puzzle. This paper initially explores the origins and likely determinants of tax morale, followed by a discussion of measurement difficulties. The key feature of this paper isour attempt to use real taxpayers whose actual compliance behavior is known (rather than self-reported) to identify factors that could be indicative of taxpayer morale from data reported in individual tax returns. Using data from the Internal Revenue Service’s National Research Program from the audit of 1,101 cases with only sole proprietor income, we tested six indicators that theoretically have some correlation with tax morale.
Occupational hygiene practices of dentists in southern Thailand.

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and nature of infection control, radiation control and handling of mercury, reported by dentists in southern Thailand. METHOD A cross-sectional study with self-report questionnaire to all 220 dentists working in 14 provinces in southern Thailand in 1997. RESULTS 178 dentists (80.9%) aged 22-54 years responded. All reported wearing personal protective measures, at least sometimes and using high level disinfection (formerly sterilisation) procedures for handpieces. Most (93.8%) reported changing sterilised handpieces for each patient. The most commonly reported method of high level disinfection was alcohol (37.1%). Just over two-thirds (68.0%) reported having HBV vaccination. Most (94.3%) reportedly took precautions when radiographs were taken and (89.9%) reported protecting their eyes with a UV/blue light shield or filter while using these units. About half of dentists (51.7%) reported storing excess amalgam under water compared with 20.1% that they stored it in a closed box. 77.7% reported using sealed mercury amalgam capsule systems, at least sometimes. Nearly half (47.1%) reported disposing of used capsules in the bin. CONCLUSIONS The present study has indicated that occupational hygiene practices of dentists in southern Thailand are generally consistent with published guidelines for infection control and also with other populations of dentists studied in the areas of infection control and radiation protection. Further continuing education and investigation of appropriate interventions to promote good occupational hygiene standards may also be needed.
How Do Valuations Impact Outcomes of Asset Sales with Heterogeneous Bidders?

Differences among bidder type-specific outcomes of asset sales are theoretically related to differences in bidders’ valuations and participation. The lead application to quantify these relations is takeover auctions: bidders are classified into strategic and financial, and bids are available. I structurally estimate valuations from all bids. The positive difference in premiums between strategic and financial acquirers is driven by the difference in dispersions of valuations (e.g., strategic bidders’ synergies are more dispersed) and the set of auction participants. The difference in average valuations is relatively unimportant. My approach can help explain outcomes of asset sales, even in settings with limited bidder data.