Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Underlying steatohepatitis, but not simple hepatic steatosis, increases morbidity after liver resection: A case‐control study

Despite the high prevalence of fatty liver disease, the safety of liver resection in settings of steatohepatitis (SH) or hepatic steatosis is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether underlying SH or simple hepatic steatosis increases morbidity after liver resection. We compared patients undergoing liver resection with underlying SH or greater than 33% simple hepatic steatosis to controls selected for similar demographics, diagnoses, comorbidities, preoperative chemotherapy treatments, and extent of partial hepatectomy. Primary endpoints included postoperative overall and hepatic‐related morbidity. One hundred and two patients with SH and 72 with greater than 33% simple hepatic steatosis who underwent liver resection from 2000 to 2011 were compared to corresponding controls. There were no differences in extent or approach of liver resection, malignant indications, preoperative chemotherapy treatment, elements of metabolic syndrome, alcohol use history, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, age, or gender between patients with SH or simple steatosis and corresponding controls. Ninety‐day postoperative overall morbidity (56.9% versus 37.3%; P = 0.008), any hepatic‐related morbidity (28.4% versus 15.7%; P = 0.043), surgical hepatic complications (19.6% versus 8.8%; P = 0.046), and hepatic decompensation (16.7% versus 6.9%; P = 0.049) were greater among SH patients, compared to corresponding controls. In contrast, there were no differences in postoperative overall morbidity (34.7% versus 44.4%; P = 0.310), any hepatic‐related morbidity (19.4% versus 19.4%; P = 1.000), surgical hepatic complications (13.9% versus 9.7%; P = 0.606), or hepatic decompensation (8.3% versus 9.7%; P = 0.778) between simple hepatic steatosis patients and corresponding controls. Using multivariable logistic regression, SH was independently associated with postoperative overall (odds ratio [OR], 2.316; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.267‐4.241; P = 0.007) and any hepatic‐related (OR, 2.722; 95% CI: 1.201‐6.168; P = 0.016) morbidity. Conclusion: Underlying SH, but not simple hepatic steatosis, increases overall and hepatic‐related morbidity after liver resection. (HEPATOLOGY 2012)
Connecting Instructional Technology Professional Development to Teacher and Student Outcomes

Abstract This article presents findings from an evaluation of an instructional-technology professional development (PD) program that uses many practices advocated by PD experts. In this multiphase evaluation, evaluators examined the program, determined whether variations in program implementation had an impact on teacher outcomes, and then looked at whether variations in program implementation and teacher outcomes had an impact on student achievement. We found that greater PD fidelity was associated with higher-quality lesson plans and higher student achievement. This evaluation suggests that instructional-technology PD that is closely aligned to a program’s core conceptual foundations can lead to positive teacher and student outcomes.
MANAGERIAL OWNERSHIP, DEBT POLICY, AND DIVIDEND POLICY: A TEST ON THEORY OF AGENCY

The problem investigated in this research is the existence (orin-existence) of interdependence among managerial stock ownership, debt policy and dividend policy in testing agency theory. This research is primarily aimed at knowing how is the influence and relation among MOWN, DEBT and DIV. This research uses sample of manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2005-2007. Purposive sampling method is used to determine the research sample, 33 companies were taken as sample in this research. Equation model used in this research is simultaneous equation, therefore the analysis tool used is 2SLS (Two Stage Least Square). According to the test of 2SLS, the following results are obtained: (1) Debt empiricallyhas influence and negative relationship with MOWN; (2) MOWNempirically has influence and negative relationship with DEBT; (3) DIV empirically has influence and relationship with MOWN; (4) MOWN empirically has influence and relationship with DIV; (5) DIVempirically has no influence yet has positive relationship with DEBT; (6) DEBT empirically has no influence yet has positive relationship with DIV. Keywords: managerial ownership, debt policy, dividend policy, two stage least square.
Sagittal condylar angle and gender differences.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to measure sagittal condylar inclination (SCI) in male and female participants and to assess differences between the two groups. This measurement has a clinical value in setting the articulator SCI before fabrication of indirect restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 32 dental students, 16 men and 16 women (aged 18 to 40 years). The participants had no signs of muscular or articular pain. SCI was recorded for participants using a CADIAX® compact 2 electronic axiograph. RESULTS The mean SCI in both men and women varied between 26.1° and 61.8°, with a mean of 41.9° (SD 7.8). The mean right SCI was 42.0° (SD 8.5), and the mean left SCI was 41.9° (SD 9.2). The mean SCI for men was 40.3° (SD 7.9), and the mean for women was 43.6° (SD 7.7). No statistically significant difference in SCI values was found between the right and left side (p = 0.995), or between the male and female groups (p = 0.133). Also, no correlation could be found between SCI and the age of the participants (r(2) = 0.016, p = 0.489). CONCLUSIONS The mean value of SCI was within the range reported in previous studies. SCI is highly variable, but this variability does not seem to be attributed to condylar asymmetry, gender, or age of the adult participants. This high variability suggests that independent condylar measurements should be conducted for each patient instead of relying on reported average values.
The academic impact of participating in college football playoff games

ABSTRACT This study uses ten years of football team data from NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) institutions to explore the academic impact of intercollegiate football playoff participation. Fixed effects regression analyses of panel data spanning the 2003–04 to 2013–14 academic years show participation in three weeks of postseason play has a negative effect on fall team GPA, though an extremely small sample size elicits concerns regarding generalizability. In contrast, analyses of Academic Progress Rate (APR), the NCAA metric for student-athlete team academic success, reveals teams participating in three weeks of playoffs contention have higher APR scores than teams not competing. The study also compares results produced through Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and fixed effects regression analyses.
Desmoglein-3 and Napsin A Double Stain, a Useful Immunohistochemical Marker for Differentiation of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma From Other Subtypes

The treatment strategy of differentiating lung carcinomas into small-cell lung carcinoma and non–small-cell lung carcinoma has been satisfactory until recently. The introduction of novel cytotoxic agents that affect a patient’s response to therapy has made further differentiation important. Non–small-cell carcinoma represents a heterogeneous group of cancers with varying histologic subtypes, hence the necessity to subgroup them. In the case of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell cancer, their different responses to novel therapeutic agents and their higher occurrence make differentiation between them even more important. New markers such as desmoglein-3 (positive for squamous carcinoma) and Napsin A (positive for adenocarcinoma), which show improved specificity and sensitivity, may be particularly useful for this type of differentiation. In our study, 124 surgically resected specimens were used: 57 adenocarcinoma, 42 squamous cell carcinoma, 16 large-cell carcinoma, 1 small-cell carcinoma, and 8 typical carcinoid tumor samples. The sensitivity to desmoglein-3 and Napsin A was 92.8% and 85.9%, whereas specificity was 100% and 97%, respectively. The use of a desmoglein-3 and Napsin A double-staining strategy in our study confirmed that these markers are useful in differentiating pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma and pulmonary adenocarcinoma from other subtypes.
Scaling of the ankle extensor muscle‐tendon units and the biomechanical implications for bipedal hopping locomotion in the post‐pouch kangaroo Macropus fuliginosus

Bipedal hopping is used by macropods, including rat‐kangaroos, wallabies and kangaroos (superfamily Macropodoidea). Interspecific scaling of the ankle extensor muscle‐tendon units in the lower hindlimbs of these hopping bipeds shows that peak tendon stress increases disproportionately with body size. Consequently, large kangaroos store and recover more strain energy in their tendons, making hopping more efficient, but their tendons are at greater risk of rupture. This is the first intraspecific scaling analysis on the functional morphology of the ankle extensor muscle‐tendon units (gastrocnemius, plantaris and flexor digitorum longus) in one of the largest extant species of hopping mammal, the western grey kangaroo Macropus fuliginosus (5.8–70.5 kg post‐pouch body mass). The effective mechanical advantage of the ankle extensors does not vary with post‐pouch body mass, scaling with an exponent not significantly different from 0.0. Therefore, larger kangaroos balance rotational moments around the ankle by generating muscle forces proportional to weight‐related gravitational forces. Maximum force is dependent upon the physiological cross‐sectional area of the muscle, which we found scales geometrically with a mean exponent of only 0.67, rather than 1.0. Therefore, larger kangaroos are limited in their capacity to oppose large external forces around the ankle, potentially compromising fast or accelerative hopping. The strain energy return capacity of the ankle extensor tendons increases with a mean exponent of ~1.0, which is much shallower than the exponent derived from interspecific analyses of hopping mammals (~1.4–1.9). Tendon safety factor (ratio of rupture stress to estimated peak hopping stress) is lowest in the gastrocnemius (< 2), and it decreases with body mass with an exponent of −0.15, extrapolating to a predicted rupture at 160 kg. Extinct giant kangaroos weighing 250 kg could therefore not have engaged in fast hopping using ‘scaled‐up’ lower hindlimb morphology of extant western grey kangaroos.
Structural requirements for marbox function in transcriptional activation of mar/sox/rob regulon promoters in Escherichia coli: sequence, orientation and spatial relationship to the core promoter

The promoters of the mar/sox/rob regulon of Escherichia coli contain a binding site (marbox) for the homologous transcriptional activators MarA, SoxS and Rob. In spite of data from footprinting studies, the marbox has not been precisely defined because of its degeneracy and asymmetry and seemingly variable location with respect to the −10 and −35 hexamers for RNA polymerase (RNP) binding. Here, we use DNA retardation studies and hybrid promoters to identify optimally binding 20 bp minimal marboxes from a number of promoters. This has yielded a more defined marbox consensus sequence (AYnGCACnnWnnRYYAAAYn) and has led to the demonstration that some marboxes are inverted relative to others. Using transcriptional fusions to lacZ, we have found that only one marbox orientation is functional at a given location. Moreover, the functional orientation is determined by marbox location: marboxes that are 15 or more basepairs upstream of the −35 hexamer are oriented opposite those closer to the −35 hexamer. Marbox orientation and the spacing between marbox and signals for RNP binding are critical for transcriptional activation, presumably to align MarA with RNP.
Sensitivity of Australian Trade to the Exchange Rate

The exchange rate is an important determinant of Australian exports and imports. Movements in the exchange rate affect the relative prices of traded goods and services, and thus the competitiveness of domestic producers of exports and import-competing goods and services. This article provides estimates of the sensitivity of Australian exports and imports to changes in the exchange rate at the aggregate and component level. Other things equal, a 10 per cent depreciation in the real exchange rate is estimated to increase export volumes by around 3 per cent and decrease import volumes by about 4 per cent after two years, which implies a cumulative net exports contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) of around 1½ percentage points over this period. However, the aggregate responses of exports and imports disguise substantial variation in the responses of the components. Trade in services is generally more responsive to movements in the exchange rate than trade in goods, although it takes longer for the full effect to be seen in services trade volumes.
Factors Influencing Farmer’s Decision-Making Behavior on Rural Construction Land Transformation

In order to protect cultivated land and balance farmers’ needs and shortage of land, the Chinese government introduced policies to rearrange land use in rural areas. However, many problems, such as unused rural construction land and illegally occupied land, have occurred through implementing land use policies. Rural construction land transformation has been promoted to solve these problems. This transformation was designed to let farmers voluntarily transforming their idle rural construction land. Then, local government could rearrange village layout for developing cultivation, industry and green space. Therefore, in order to analyze the factors that influenced farmers’ decision-making behavior in rural construction land transformation, household surveys were conducted in four typical villages in Jizhou District. After using the Probit model to analyze the data, the results indicated that the willingness to settle in the city, the mode of housing resettlement, the mode of compensation, the rationality of the measurement standards, and the annual total household income positively affected the willingness of farmers to transform their rural construction land. The strong willingness to settle in the city dominated the other factors. Moreover, the age and amount of construction land, the method of construction land acquisition, and the amount of cultivated land negatively affected the decision-making behavior during the transformation of rural construction land. Based on the influencing factors, policy suggestions are proposed from the perspectives of establishing an orderly transformation mechanism, implementing priority transformation, and providing compensation for transforming rural construction land.
Rates of species introduction to a remote oceanic island

The introduction of species to areas beyond the limits of their natural distributions has a major homogenizing influence, making previously distinct biotas more similar. The scale of introductions has frequently been commented on, but their rate and spatial pervasiveness have been less well quantified. Here, we report the findings of a detailed study of pterygote insect introductions to Gough Island, one of the most remote and supposedly pristine temperate oceanic islands, and estimate the rate at which introduced species have successfully established. Out of 99 species recorded from Gough Island, 71 are established introductions, the highest proportion documented for any Southern Ocean island. Estimating a total of approximately 233 landings on Gough Island since first human landfall, this equates to one successful establishment for every three to four landings. Generalizations drawn from other areas suggest that this may be only one–tenth of the number of pterygote species that have arrived at the island, implying that most landings may lead to the arrival of at least one alien. These rates of introduction of new species are estimated to be two to three orders of magnitude greater than background levels for Gough Island, an increase comparable to that estimated for global species extinctions (many of which occur on islands) as a consequence of human activities.
Mortality and complications after stoma closure.

HYPOTHESIS This study was undertaken to evaluate factors contributing to hospital mortality and complications of stoma closure. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Department of Surgery of a 2500-bed university hospital. PATIENTS Consecutive eligible patients who underwent stoma closure were selected from a local registry containing 30 219 patients. The medical records of 587 adult patients were reviewed according to a predefined extraction form. Patients with additional, unrelated surgical interventions or younger than 18 years were excluded. Follow-up was complete for all included patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome variable was 30-day mortality; the secondary outcome variable was presence of surgery-related complications within 30 days. RESULTS We analyzed 533 patients with stoma closure between 1993 and 2001. The overall stoma closure-related mortality rate was 3% (15 patients); the overall stoma closure-related surgical complications rate was 20% (107 patients). Wound infections (9%) and anastomotic leakage (5%) were the most common surgical complications. Age was the only significant risk factor for survival (P = .02). Use of a soft silicone drain for intraperitoneal drainage (odds ratio, 1.62 [95% confidence interval, 1.07-2.45]; P = .03) was the only significant risk factor for complications. In patients with carcinoma as the primary disease (odds ratio, 0.61 [95% confidence interval, 0.40 to 0.93]; P = .02), we observed significantly fewer complications. CONCLUSIONS We found considerable mortality and complications after stoma closure. Apart from age, we could not identify any predictor for mortality in patients with stoma closure. Randomized studies are needed to determine whether certain types of drains influence outcome.
Transcriptome analysis of mammary tissues reveals complex patterns of transporter gene expression during pregnancy and lactation

As a complex Ca2+‐rich fluid mixture of water, casein, lactose and several ions, milk secretion requires a number of unknown transporters, which can be identified by a genome‐wide microarray study in mammary tissues of lactating animals. Ca2+ was reported to be secreted across mammary epithelial cells through the transcellular pathway, presumably involving TRPC (canonical transient receptor potential) channels. In the present study, we have used quantitative real‐time PCR to demonstrate that the human mammary cell line MCF‐7, as well as rat mammary tissues from pregnant and lactating rats, expressed TRPC1, TRPC5 and TRPC6. Expression of TRPC1, TRPC5 and TRPC7 were markedly up‐regulated, whereas that of TRPC3 and TRPC4 was down‐regulated in the early lactating period. To further identify other transporter genes affected by lactation, a highly sensitive Illumina microarray featuring Bead Array technology was performed on RNA samples from mammary tissues of lactating rats. We found that, of the 384 transcripts changed during lactation, 31 transcripts were involved in the transport of water and electrolytes, such as Ca2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, I−, Fe2+, sulfate and phosphate. The present study, therefore, provides information for further investigation of the mechanism of lactation‐induced transport adaptation in mammary epithelial cells.
Disclosure Pattern of Self-Labeled People Living with HIV/AIDS on Chinese Social Networking Site: An Exploratory Study

HIV/AIDS is an important public health issue in China. The number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has been increasing since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. PLWHA's life quality is becoming an important issue, with lack of research in China. In this study, a group of PLWHA (n = 663) was identified using HIV/AIDS relevant usernames on a Chinese social networking site (Weibo) to study their daily living situations. We found that more than 99.10% of PLWHA were male, among whom 90.80% turned out to be homosexual. They had significantly more fans and followees, but fewer postings compared to the general population. The mean age of the PLWHA was 28.96 (SD = 5.05) years old, and southwest and northwest China had a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. In addition, PLWHA's postings were coded and we found that more than half of the postings (n = 769, 51.03%) contained strong emotions. Less than one-fifth of the postings were directly related to HIV/AIDS topics (n = 269, 17.85%), while seeking emotional support, such as looking for stable partnership, was ranked as the first priority of support seeking. In summary, we found that the majority of the self-labeled PLWHA were likely to be men who have sex with men. They used Weibo to share their daily life events and seek emotional support. Implications for promoting HIV/AIDS education and prevention through Chinese social networking sites were also discussed.
Prevalence of Oral Lesions in the Elderly.

Objective Geriatric dentistry refers to dealing with oral diseases including prevention and treatment in old individuals. The aim of this investigation was to examine the types and frequency of oral lesions in the elderly. Subjects and Methods The study involved 75 elderly persons. The clinical diagnosis was established by correlating the aetiological factor associated with the lesion and by systematic examination of the oral mucosa and classifying those alterations according to the epidemiological guidelines for the diagnosis of oral mucosal diseases. During the clinical examination, the following elements were analysed: features of the lesion, anatomical location, extension, aetiological factors or related factors, dental status, alcohol, tobacco, trauma, use of prosthesis and if such were well adapted. Results Sixty lesions were diagnosed in 75 patients. These were classified according to clinical, histopathological and microbiological diagnosis and were distributed into 15 different clinical entities. The more prevalent pathologies were inflammatory, reactive and associated with long-term use of prostheses or ill-adapted prostheses, since 67% of the patients with lesions were using prostheses. Of the lesions related to prosthesis use, denture stomatitis was the most common one, representing 20 cases (33.3%). The second most frequent lesion was erythematous candidiasis (10%). The other most frequent lesions in this study were lingua plicata, xerostomia and pseudomembranous candidiasis. Conclusion Oral and perioral tissues undergo different functional and structural changes with ageing. The role of the dentist and stomatologist includes the management of systemic, nutritional and pharmacological oral manifestations in order to establish an early diagnosis and subsequent accurate treatment.