Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combined Effects of Levels of Protection and Environmental Variables at Different Spatial Resolutions on Fish Assemblages in a Marine Protected Area

Abstract: The links between species–environment relations and species’ responses to protection are unclear, but the objectives of marine protected areas (MPAs) are most likely to be achieved when those relations are known and inform MPA design. The components of a species’ habitat vary with the spatial resolution of the area considered. We characterized areas at two resolutions: 250 m2 (transect) and approximately 30,000 m2 (seascape). We considered three categories of environmental variables: substrate type, bottom complexity, and depth. We sought to determine at which resolution habitat characteristics were a better predictor of abundance and species composition of fishes and whether the relations with environmental variables at either resolution affected species’ responses to protection. Habitat features accounted for a larger proportion of spatial variation in species composition and abundances than differences in protection status. This spatial variation was explained best by habitat characteristics at the seascape level than at the transect level. Species’ responses to protected areas were specific to particular seascape characteristics, primarily depth, and bottom complexity. Our method may be useful for prioritizing marine areas for protection, designing MPAs, and monitoring their effectiveness. It identified areas that provided natural shelter, areas acting as buffer zones, and areas where fish species were most responsive to protection. The identification of such areas is necessary for cost‐effective establishment and monitoring of MPAs.
Staff and client attitudes toward methadone maintenance.

Samples of two client groups, one electing to be treated with methadone maintenance and one electing to be treated on an abstinent basis, were compared with each other and with the staff of the multi-modality setting at which those clients were being treated in terms of their characterizations (1) of an addict on heroin, (2) of an addict who has given up all drugs, and (3) of an addict being maintained on methadone. The Adjective Check List was employed. Each group characterized the addict who has given up all drugs as functioning significantly more effectively than the addict being maintained on methadone, with the latter seen by all groups as functioning significantly more effectively than the addict using heroin. These results suggest that methadone maintenance is not yet fully accepted as a long-term treatment device by clients, even by those clients asking to be placed on methadone, or by the staff that administers such treatment. Several reasons are suggested to explain this phenomenon, and explorat.
Degree Distributions in Sexual Networks: A Framework for Evaluating Evidence

Objective: We present a likelihood based statistical framework to test the fit of power-law and alternative social process models for the degree distribution, and derive the sexually transmitted infection epidemic predictions from each model. Study Design: Five surveys from the United States are analyzed. Model fit is formally compared via Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion, and substantively assessed via the prediction of a generalized epidemic. Results: Formal goodness-of-fit tests do not consistently identify any model as the best all around fit to the US data. Power-law models predict a generalized sexually transmitted infection epidemic in the United States, while most alternative models do not. Conclusions: Power-law models do not fit the data better than alternative models, and they consistently make inaccurate epidemic predictions. Better models are needed to represent the behavioral basis of sexual networks and the structures that result, if these data are to be used for disease transmission modeling.
Differential effects of a single dose of cyclophosphamide on T cell subsets of the thymus and spleen in mice: flow cytofluorometry analysis.

Sequential changes in the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations of the thymus and spleen in BALB/c mice (male, 8-weeks old) during 2 weeks after a single i.p. injection of cyclophosphamide (CY, 200 mg/kg body weight) were studied mainly through the use of CD4, CD8 and CD3-epsilon markers together with single- or two-color flow cytofluorometry. In the thymus on Day 2 after CY treatment, a marked decrease in the number and proportion of PNAhi, CD3- and CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) subpopulation was observed in parallel with a marked reduction in the thymus weight, cortical area and total thymocyte number. This phenomenon might be associated with the decrease in the percentage of thymocytes at the S phase of the cell cycle on Day 1 and 2 after CY treatment, owing to the depletion of the rapidly dividing cells in DP subset. There was a significant reduction in the number and proportion in CD4+ single positive(SP) subset on Day 7. The cell number of CD8+SP subset continued to decrease during Day 7 to Day 14. This contrasted with the behaviors of DP, CD4+SP and CD4-CD8- double negative (DN) subsets in which a considerable recovery was attained by Day 14. The spleen from CY-treated mice showed a marked decrease in the DN subset and surface immunoglobulin-positive cells, perhaps B lymphocytes, in both the percentage and the absolute cell number on Days 2 and 7, which paralleled the marked reduction in its weight and total cell number. The absolute cell numbers of CD4+SP and CD8+SP subsets in the spleen were also reduced on Days 2 and 7. The reduction of the CD4+SP/CD8+SP ratio was found in the thymocytes on Days 2 and 7 but not in spleen cells. Our results suggest that the principal target cell population of CY is the PNAhi, CD3- and DP immature cortical thymocytes as well as splenic B cells. The sustained decrease in the number of CD8+SP thymocytes after CY treatment might be in part relevant to the potentiating effect of CY pretreatment on immune responses.
Deaths among child and adolescent psychiatric patients

ABSTRACT– Of 1,206 patients treated during the period 1970–1980 in a department of child psychiatry in a large city in Sweden 24 (2 %) (14 boys and 10 girls) had died by the end of 1981. Twenty‐one of these (88 %) died of ‘“injuries following external violence and poisoning”, of whom 15 (63 %) were suicides. Twenty subjects (83 %) had grown up in surroundings characterised by one or more psychosocial stress factors. The study indicates a possible link between psycho‐social background factors and deaths from “injuries following external violence and poisoning”.
Alternative successional pathways in the Amazon Basin

1 Successional pathways were evaluated in two Amazonian secondary forest communities with different land‐use histories. Sites which had been clearcut without subsequent use were dominated after 6–10 years by the pioneer genus Cecropia (Moraceae), whereas those used for pasture before abandonment were dominated by the pioneer genus Vismia (Clusiaceae). 2 There were 58 plant families and 300 species identified in Cecropia stands but only 43 families and 147 species were identified in Vismia stands. There were 77 species in common (Sorensen similarity = 0.34). 3 Differences in species number and composition of recruiting individuals between stand types were significant and were a function of the dominant pioneer genus, stem density, distance from primary forest, and land‐use history. Regeneration under Vismia canopy was dominated by small Vismia individuals (25% of plants < 2 cm basal diameter), whereas regeneration under Cecropia canopy was more diverse and did not include a single young Cecropia. 4 The number of regenerating plants in both secondary stand types dropped off sharply with distance (5, 25, 50, and 100 m) from primary forest, suggesting that seed dispersal was limiting plant recruitment. Species richness also declined with distance and could be explained by the decline in plant density. Species richness in Cecropia stands increased linearly with plant density, but in Vismia stands the richness increase with density was a decelerating function. 5 For the central Amazon, secondary succession involves a more rapid return of primary forest species if deforestation is not followed by use as pasture before abandonment.
Competitive balance and spectator attendance: the case of the Korean Professional Baseball League

This study aims to analyse whether the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis applies to the Korean Professional Baseball League (KPBL). Specifically, the purpose of this study is to examine the competitive balance of the KPBL and investigate socioeconomic factors that may influence attendance. A structural time-series model is estimated to investigate the relationship between competitive balance and average game attendance in the KPBL from 1982 to 2012. The results provide evidence that the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis, as measured by competitive balance, does apply to the KPBL.
The internal structure of the chromaffin granule

The intact chromaffin granule has been studied by high resolution proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In the granule the proton peaks of adrenaline and ATP are shifted upfield differentially with respect to their positions in free solution. All lines in both proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectra were considerably broadened. The n.m. r. spectrum of the chromogranin protein in the vesicles was also well resolved. A structure of the vesicle is proposed.
Health economics--what the nephrologist should know.

Background Clinical guidelines are increasingly influenced by health economic considerations as health policy decision makers look to make optimal use of limited healthcare budgets. The discipline of health economics has become an important component of healthcare systems in many countries worldwide and its influence on health policy decision-making globally is expanding. Just as a push towards evidence-based medical practice made it necessary for clinicians to become familiar with clinical trial terminology, the increasing use of health economic evaluations by health authorities, and their growing presence in mainstream medical journals, has made it important also to become familiar with the methodology and terminology of health economics. The purpose of this editorial is to briefly introduce some of the important principles and methodologies of health economics, particularly cost-effectiveness analyses. New treatments and health interventions commonly offer potential benefits, but usually lead to added costs. Cost-effectiveness analysis allows us to examine the balance between the additional health benefits that come with a particular intervention and the costs associated with achieving those benefits. Costeffectiveness and cost-utility studies are the most commonly published type of health economic investigation. Often the terms ‘cost-effectiveness’ and ‘costutility’ are used interchangeably, but strictly speaking, cost-effectiveness studies compare costs with clinical outcomes measured in ‘natural’ units like life expectancy or years of disease avoided, whereas cost-utility studies compare costs with quality of life (utility)adjusted outcomes like quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). QALYs reflect patient preference for certain states of health and have the advantage of allowing a direct comparison of a common unit across different fields of medicine. Quality-adjusted life expectancy is calculated by multiplying the number of years spent in a certain state of health with that health state’s score. A score (or utility) of 1 reflects perfect health whereas a
Isolated Posterior Fossa Involvement in Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by reversible vasogenic edema affecting the subcortical white matter of bilateral occipital and parietal lobes. We describe a case of isolated posterior fossa involvement of PRES which occurred during remission induction chemotherapy for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Both the brainstem and cerebellum were extensively involved, but the supratentorial structures were completely spared. The follow-up magnetic resonance images revealed reversibility of most lesions. The knowledge of atypical radiological features of PRES is essential for prompt diagnosis.
Emerging drugs in the management of hypertension

Hypertension is a global health problem, affecting developing and developed countries alike. Most patients with hypertension are undiagnosed, and most diagnosed patients are either untreated or inadequately treated. Randomised controlled trial evidence suggests diuretic therapy for hypertension is as effective as newer drugs in reducing cardiovascular events. There is good evidence for the use of specific classes of drugs in hypertensive patients with a variety of associated clinical conditions, but for uncomplicated cases, the current emphasis in hypertension management is on blood pressure lowering rather than drug class. Individual patients vary in their responses to different drug classes, and optimal therapy for the individual is determined by trial and error. Pharmacogenomics may assist in tailoring therapy for individuals in the future. Emerging drugs include newer members of classes already established in clinical practice, for example, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, aldosterone receptor antagonists, calcium antagonists and centrally acting drugs; newer fixed-dose combination therapies; and more novel therapies, for example, endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists, activators of nitric oxide (NO)-sensitive guanylyl cyclase and vasopeptidase inhibitors.
Partition of membrane particles in aqueous two-polymer phase system and its practical use for purification of plasma membranes from plants.

A simplified method for the isolation of a plasma membrane-enriched fraction from plants utilizing an aqueous two-polymer phase system is outlined. Mainly, the plant used was Orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.). The two-phase system consisted of 5.6% (w/w) of dextran T500 and 5.6% (w/w) of polyethyleneglycol 4000 in 0.5 molar sorbitol-15 millimolar Tris-maleate (pH 7.3), and 30 millimolar NaCl. In this system, the plasma membranes and the other membranes were preferentially partitioned into the top phase and into the lower phase, respectively. The purity of the isolated plasma membrane was sufficiently high even after a single partition (i.e. about 85% purity) and more than 90% purity was obtained after repeating the partition in a newly prepared lower phase. The plasma membrane was identified with the aid of phosphotungstic acid-chromic acid stain and the association of vanadate-sensitive Mg(2+)-ATPase. The plasma membrane-associated ATPase had a pH optimum at 6.5 and showed a high specificity for Mg(2+) and ATP. KCl stimulation was low (6% stimulation) at the pH optimum, but a relatively high stimulation (23%) occurred at pH 5.5. This method for plasma membrane isolation may be applicable to a wide variety of plants and plant tissue including green leaves.
REPORT OF VNTR WITH 13 REPEATS LINKED TO PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE LOCUS IN UNAFFECTED MEMBERS OF TWO PKU FAMILIES

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is one of the most common metabolic inborn diseases caused by mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene. This gene is linked to a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) region which is a polymorphic marker that facilitates the implementation of prenatal diagnosis and carrier screening. In this study, VNTR with 13 repeats that has not been reported previously was observed in 2 PKU families from Fars province, south of Iran. This allele showed 4% frequency in normal individuals. Iran. Biomed. J. 7 (2): 89-90, 2003
Lupus Panniculitis Treated by a Combination Therapy of Hydroxychloroquine and Quinacrine

Lupus erythematosus panniculitis (LEP) is an unusual clinical variant of lupus erythematosus (LE) in which the cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurs primarily in the deeper corium. The common clinical features of LEP includes asymptomatic, firm, sharply defined nodules. The histologic findings are characterized by nonspecific panniculitis composed of lymphoid cells, plasma cells, and histiocytes with varying degrees of necrobiotic changes with fibrinoid deposits.
A double-blind, between-patient comparison of alclofenac ('Prinalgin') and indomethacin in the treatment of low back pain and sciatica.

SummaryA double-blind, between-patient comparison of alclofenac and indomethacin was carried out in 60 patients with low back pain and sciatica. Pain, functional disability and signs of dural irritation (Lasegue's sign) were rated by the clinician before and at the end of each 7-day treatment period, and an overall assessment of treatment effectiveness was made by both clinician and patients.Response to treatment in terms of patient improvement was considered satisfactory with both drugs, but more erratic in those patients with an acute condition. Analysis of pain scores showed a significant tendency for patients with acute or chronic low back pain to improve more with alclofenac than with indomethacin treatment. Overall assessments by the clinician and patients also indicated signiJcantly greater improvement with alclofenac.
Comparison of colour Doppler indices of pelvic arteries in women with bilateral hypogastric artery ligation and controls

The aim of this study is to compare the blood flows of bilateral uterine, ovarian and arcuate arteries in patients who underwent bilateral hypogastric ligation (BHL), with the controls having similar characteristics. The S/D, the RI and the PI were measured on uterine, arcuate and ovarian arteries in 7 women with BHL and compared with 10 controls. There were not significant differences between the Doppler indices of the two groups. In conclusion, our study suggests that BHL preserves pelvic function and fertility.
A nanoparticles based catalytic gas sensor with improved stability

This paper presents a miniaturized catalytic gas sensor for hydrogen detection. As catalyst, functionalized platinum nanoparticles are used whose increased surface allows a high sensitivity while using a minimal amount of material. The particles are stabilized by a ligand shell consisting of a diamine compound. These ligands lead to a cross-linking between the nanoparticles and thereby they prevent agglomeration. Sensors signal has been stable only with a low decrement for several hours. For comparison, a non-stabilized nanoparticle based catalyst is stable for only several minutes. A new sensor design provides a better controlling of the catalytic temperature, which also improves the stability of the sensor.
Clinical Profile and Prognosis of Patients with Right Ventricular Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Results of a Prospective Study

The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with predominantly failure of the right-side heart (right ventricular DCM, RV-DCM), and features of the clinical course and prognosis of the disease compared to DCM with biventricular heart failure (BV-HF). The study design suggests a prospective observation of 300 patients with idiopathic DCM between 2000 and 2012. Herewith, we followed the criteria of the WHO/ISFC task force (1995) on the definition and classification of cardiomyopathies. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination. Two groups were formed for further comparative analysis. Group 1 included 22 patients (mean age 42.9±14.3 years, male/female 5/17) with RV-DCM. Group 2 included 38 patients (mean age 43.6±13.8, male/female 29/9) with DCM and BV-HF. The groups were matched for age, NYHA class II-III, and disease duration. According to our aim, we studied 5-year survival prognosis and analyzed the incidence and causes of deaths, as well as the occurrence of nonfatal complications of the disease. Medical therapy for DCM patients was performed according to the CHF therapy guidelines (ACC/ AHA 2001, 2005). The results of our investigations during many years of research have shown that the clinical incidence of RV-DCM was 7.3% among all forms of DCM. The study of life prognosis in patients with 2 forms of DCM showed that 5-year mortality of patients was about 50%. Fatal pulmonary embolism was a leading cause (50%) in RV-DCM patients. (Int J Biomed. 2015;5(4):207-213. )
Asynchronous edge-event-triggered synchronization of coupled harmonic oscillators with quantization

This paper focuses on the synchronization of coupled harmonic oscillators based on edge-event-triggered control. With periodic event detection and quantization, an edge-event-detecting algorithm is developed to determine the event times of each oscillator. In the proposed protocol, only relative state information is utilized to update all controllers, and the edge events are asynchronous with respect to each pair of adjacent oscillators. A numerical simulation is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed edge-event-detecting algorithm.
Caries formation in vitro around a fluoride-releasing pit and fissure sealant in primary teeth.

The purpose of this in-vitro study was to compare the caries preventive effects of a fluoride releasing sealant (FS) with a conventional sealant (CS) using an artificial secondary caries system. Twelve primary teeth with caries-free buccal and lingual surfaces were selected for this study. The teeth were sectioned into quarters. Following a fluoride-free prophylaxis, cavity preparations were placed in the buccal and lingual surfaces of the tooth quarters, acid-etched and sealed with FS and CS per the manufacturer's instructions as follows: 1) mesiobuccal and mesiolingual quarters (FS, Fissurit-F, VocoChemie): and 2) distobuccal and distolingual quarters (CS, Fissurit, VocoChemie). The specimens were thermocycled (500 cycles) in artificial saliva and then exposed to an artificial caries system. Longitudinal sections were taken and examined by polarized light microscopy to determine mean surface lesion depth and presence of wall lesions, following lesion initiation (6 weeks of gel exposure) and lesion progression (9 weeks of gel exposure). Mean surface lesion depth was 124 mu for FS and 176 mu for CS (p < 0.05, paired t-test) after lesion initiation, and 167 mu for FS and 238 mu for CS (p < 0.05, paired t-test) after lesion progression. Wall lesions were less frequent (p > 0.05, paired t-test) with FS (21 percent initiation, 29 percent progression) than with CS (25 percent initiation, 38 percent progression). Improved caries resistance in enamel adjacent to a fluoride-releasing pit and fissure sealant may prove to be beneficial in reducing primary surface lesion depth during caries formation and progression, while decreasing caries susceptibility of enamel sealed with a fluoride-releasing pit and fissure sealant.
Two‐Dimensional analysis of proteins secreted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae regenerating protoplasts: a novel approach to study the cell wall

Protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae incubated in regenerating conditions secrete cell wall components in order to allow the biosynthesis of this structure. During the first hours of incubation, many of these are not retained in the forming cell wall but remain in the medium. We have developed a method for collecting the secreted proteins and have analysed these by two‐dimensional electrophoresis to obtain a reference map of putative cell wall proteins. Several proteins were identified by microsequencing or immunoblotting; namely, cell wall hydrolytic enzymes, heat shock proteins, glycolytic enzymes and others. Some β‐1,3‐ and β‐1,6‐glucosylation was detected in the proteins secreted by regenerating protoplasts. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.