Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Injuries caused by frankliniella spp. (thysanoptera: thripidae) on seedless grapes

Thrips of the genus Frankliniella cause significant reduction on grape production. Little is known about its decision making approach in integrated pest management and information on thrips injuries to the vine is scarce, hindering the control of this pest. This study aimed to determine the species of thrips and injuries that cause damage to berries in seedless grapes clusters. The trial was conducted in an area cultivated with Vitis vinifera L. , variety Thompson Seedless, using a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of artificial infestation (zero, two, four and eight thrips per inflorescence), and treatment determined by the monitoring system of the grower. Each replication consisted of three plants with 10 inflorescences, which were artificially infested with thrips and covered with nonwoven fabric bags. During the cluster thinning, pre-harvest cleaning and harvest, the numbers of injuried berries and the berries with injuries were evaluated. The thrips species identified were: Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom), Frankliniella brevicaulis Hood, Frankliniella gemina Bagnall, Frankliniella gardeniae Moulton, and Frankliniella sp. A positive and significant correlation was observed between the number of injuries per fruit and the level of thrips infestation, obtained by the equation y = 2.55 + 48.54x (F= 59.98; P= 0.0001; r2= 0.51). The results suggest that the presence of a whitish halo around a small scar on fruit is associated with the presence of adult Frankliniella spp.
Prenatal and postnatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder: a pooled analysis of seven European birth cohort studies.

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing worldwide for reasons largely unknown and environmental chemicals with neurotoxic properties, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have been proposed to play a role. We investigated the association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl-153 (PCB-153), p-p´-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p-p'-DDE) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and ADHD in childhood. Methods We pooled seven European birth cohort studies encompassing 4437 mother-child pairs from the general population with concentrations of PCB-153, p-p´-DDE and HCB measured in cord blood, maternal blood or milk. We then calculated prenatal (birth) and postnatal (3, 6, 12 and 24 months) POP concentrations using a pharmacokinetic model. The operational definition of ADHD varied across cohorts and ranged from doctor diagnosis obtained from patient registries to maternal or teachers reports. We used multilevel (mixed) logistic regression models to estimate the associations between exposure to POPs at birth, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months and ADHD. Results The global prevalence of ADHD in our study was 6%. The mean age at assessment of ADHD was 5.8 years (range: 3.8-9.5 years). We found no association between exposure to PCB-153, p-p´-DDE and HCB at any age point between birth and 24 months and ADHD, in the pooled analyses (pooled odds ratios ranging from 1.00 to 1.01). A number of sensitivity analyses gave basically the same results. Conclusions In the largest study to date of 4437 children in seven European birth cohorts, we did not observe any association between either pre- or postnatal exposure (up to 24 months) to PCB-153, p-p´-DDE and HCB and the risk of ADHD before the age of 10 years.
Graph Analysis of Semantic Word Association among Children, Adults, and the Elderly

This study used graph analysis to investigate how age differences modify the structure of semantic word association networks of children and adults and if the networks present a small-world structure and a scale-free distribution which are typical of natural languages. Three age groups of Brazilian Portuguese speakers (children, adults and elderly people) participated in the experiment. Quantitative and qualitative measures suggested that adults and elderly speakers have similar network structures. Children's network showed fewer nodes, connections and clusters, and longer inter-node distances. All networks presented a small-world structure, but they did not show entirely scale-free distributions. These results suggest that from childhood to adulthood, there is an increase not only in the number of words semantically linked to a target but also an increase in the connectivity of the network.
Gate-All-Around Charge Plasma-Based Dual Material Gate-Stack Nanowire FET for Enhanced Analog Performance

In this paper, a gate-all-around (GAA) charge plasma-based dopingless dual material gate nanowire FET is proposed (CP-DM). This structure is further explored by adding gate-stack (high-k + SiO2) feature (CP-GS-DM). In these dopingless structures, source/drain is induced using a charge plasma concept by an appropriate selection of work functions for source/drain electrodes. The dopingless devices offer low thermal budget with easier fabrication steps and reduced random dopant fluctuations effect. Both the dopingless structures are investigated for analog performance, and results are compared with those obtained from the GAA junctionless dual material (JL-DM) gate and the JL gate-stacked DM gate (JL-GS-DM), respectively. The charge plasma-based dopingless devices when compared with their JL counterpart show improvement in drive current (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{\text {D}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), transconductance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), transconductance gain factor (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{m}/{I}_{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), output conductance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{\text {ds}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), early voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {AE}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), intrinsic gain (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$A_{\text {v}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), drain-induced barrier lowering, and subthreshold slope. Thus, dopingless structures show enhanced analog performance with reduced short channel effects. The charge plasma based dopingless gate stacked dual material gate (CP-GS-DM) shows the best performance of all the structures. The analysis is further carried out for investigating the device design parameters effect on performance, namely, total gate length, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and ratio of control gate length to total gate length, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{\text {M1}}/{L}_{G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. This way dopingless charge plasma-based devices incorporate DM and GS features that make these devices interesting and reliable candidates for analog application with cost-effective fabrication.
Adverse eating behavior and its association with obesity in Indian adolescents: Evidence from a nonmetropolitan city in India

Introduction: With the so-called modernization, the epidemiological and sociocultural context of adolescents in developing countries is rapidly changing and is affecting their eating behavior and dietary choices. The objective of our study is twofold. First, our study seeks to find whether there is a prevalence of the adverse eating behaviors among the adolescents. Second, our study seeks to examine whether the prevalence of the adverse eating behavior is related to obesity and quantifies their association of with body mass index (BMI) status. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted in 13–15-year-old adolescents from schools of Aligarh, India, with prevalidated study tools and standardized anthropometric measures. The Z-scores were found by the WHO recommended AnthroPlus. Results: The results indicate a high prevalence of different adverse eating behaviors. The dietary behavior was found to be poor in 19.3%, fair in 54.4%, and good in only 26.3% of the study population. The mean BMI for age Z-score was found to be 0.87 and 0.02 in poor and fair dietary behavior. The odds of being overweight and obese were high (1.82 [1.20–2.78]) in those with poor dietary behavior. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that more research and timely intervention in adverse eating behaviors are much needed in India before this widely neglected problem acquires even more alarming and gigantic proportions.
Collisionless microinstabilities in stellarators I - analytical theory of trapped-particle modes

This is the first of two papers about collisionless, electrostatic micro-instabilities in stellarators, with an emphasis on trapped-particle modes. It is found that, in so-called maximum-$J$ configurations, trapped-particle instabilities are absent in large regions of parameter space. Quasi-isodynamic stellarators have this property (approximately), and the theory predicts that trapped electrons are stabilizing to all eigenmodes with frequencies below the electron bounce frequency. The physical reason is that the bounce-averaged curvature is favorable for all orbits, and that trapped electrons precess in the direction opposite to that in which drift waves propagate, thus precluding wave-particle resonance. These considerations only depend on the electrostatic energy balance, and are independent of all geometric properties of the magnetic field other than the maximum-$J$ condition. However, if the aspect ratio is large and the instability phase velocity differs greatly from the electron and ion thermal speeds, it is possible to derive a variational form for the frequency showing that stability prevails in a yet larger part of parameter space than what follows from the energy argument. Collisionless trapped-electron modes should therefore be more stable in quasi-isodynamic stellarators than in tokamaks.
Strong electric fields from positive lightning strokes in the stratosphere

A balloon payload launched in Brazil has measured vector electric fields from lightning at least an order of magnitude larger than previously reported above 30 km in the stratosphere. During the flight hundreds of lightning events were recorded, including several positive cloud to ground lightning strokes. A two stroke flash, with small (15 kA peak current) and moderate (53 kA) positive strokes at a horizontal range of 34 km, produced field changes over 140 V/m at 34 km altitude. On‐board optical lightning detection, recorded with GPS timing, coupled with ground based lightning location gives high time resolution for study of the electric field transient propagation. These measurements imply that lightning electric fields in the mesosphere over large thunderstorms may be much larger than previously measured.
Milk somatic cells, factors influencing their release, future prospects, and practical utility in dairy animals: An overview

Milk somatic cells (SCs) are a mixture of milk-producing cells and immune cells. These cells are secreted in milk during the normal course of milking and are used as an index for estimating mammary health and milk quality of dairy animals worldwide. Milk SC is influenced by cow productivity, health, parity, lactation stage, and breed of an animal. Any change in environmental conditions, poor management practices, and also stressful conditions significantly increases the amount of SC coming in milk. Better hygiene and proper nutrition help in reducing milk SC. Milk with low SC means better milk products with a longer shelf life. The present review describes the role of SCs (both secretory and immune) in milk, their role in maintaining the integrity of the mammary gland, and factors affecting their release in milk. This information may help to reduce milk somatic cell counts (SCCs) and to establish differential SCC standards.
A Five-Terminal Impedance Network Based Three-Port Converter

A novel three-port converter for renewable energy applications is proposed based on a five-terminal impedance network, which is different from the traditional four-terminal (two-port) impedance network, therein, this impedance network characterizes unique features of the proposed converter. It is composed of three ports, i.e., one input port for renewable energy inputs like solar energy, one port of energy storage units for energy harvesting and supplying, while the last one is for loads. The proposed converter with reduced number of components can operate in different conditions of intermittent renewable energies. A detailed analysis is presented within three practical cases. Furthermore, a close loop control strategy is designed and applied in the proposed converter. It is followed with parameters design and components stresses analyses, finally, its effectiveness is verified by an experimental prototype.
Altered immune cell follicular dynamics in HIV infection following influenza vaccination

&NA; HIV infection changes the lymph node (LN) tissue architecture, potentially impairing the immunologic response to antigenic challenge. The tissue‐resident immune cell dynamics in virologically suppressed HIV+ patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) are not clear. We obtained LN biopsies before and 10 to 14 days after trivalent seasonal influenza immunization from healthy controls (HCs) and HIV+ volunteers on cART to investigate CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) and B cell dynamics by flow cytometry and quantitative imaging analysis. Prior to vaccination, compared with those in HCs, HIV+ LNs exhibited an altered follicular architecture, but harbored higher numbers of Tfh cells and increased IgG+ follicular memory B cells. Moreover, Tfh cell numbers were dependent upon preservation of the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network and were predictive of the magnitude of the vaccine‐induced IgG responses. Interestingly, postvaccination LN samples in HIV+ participants had significantly (P = 0.0179) reduced Tfh cell numbers compared with prevaccination samples, without evidence for peripheral Tfh (pTfh) cell reduction. We conclude that influenza vaccination alters the cellularity of draining LNs of HIV+ persons in conjunction with development of antigen‐specific humoral responses. The underlying mechanism of Tfh cell decline warrants further investigation, as it could bear implications for the rational design of HIV vaccines.
Microstructure of Mozzarella Cheese During Manufacture

Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine structural developments during the manufacture of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese made by a stirred curd procedure. The micrographs showed changes in the protein matrix , dispersion of fat globules, and bacteria during processing. Most curd knitting occurred during the curd stirring step, particularly dry stirring. A thin (5 ,urn) curd skin was observed on curd particles at the end of dry stirring. Dry salting prior to stretching resulted in the rapid loss of whey from the curd particle. Protein fibers were aligned and longitudinal columns of whey and fat were formed when the cheese was stretched and molded. Bacteria were initially dispersed throughout the protein matrix, but after stretching, most of the bacteria were located at the fatwhey/protein interface. Brining cooled the cheese causing the fat globules to solidify and additional whey to be expelled, resulting in fat globule indentations in the protein matrix. These micrographs can be used to monitor changes in curd structure when Mozzarella manufacturing procedures are modified. An understanding of the protein/fat interactions and curd structure development during manufacture will help optimize the physical properties of reduced-fat, low-fat, and non-fat Mozzarella
The Effectiveness of Boot Packing for Snowpack Stabilization

Depth hoar is a persistent weak layer that is a common instability problem in the snowpack of many areas around the world. Boot packing or compaction via explosives is a technique that is widely used in an attempt to disrupt this weak layer and increase its variability across a slope, thereby increasing overall slope stability. While some data have been gathered on the results of boot packing and explosive use on slopes, no recent work has concentrated directly on the effect of boot packing on layer density, hand hardness and stability test scores. Therefore, we devised an experiment to test the changes in these metrics directly on a side-by-side boot-packed and non-boot packed slope. A 50m x 25m, relatively uniform slope was split into two equal areas with one being extensively boot- packed, while the other remained undisturbed. Observations were made in both boot packed and non- boot packed plots until both areas were unreactive with respect to results using Extended Column Tests (ECT) on this basal layer. Our results show that density and hand hardness increased in the boot packed area in comparison to the non-boot packed area. Furthermore, in the boot packed area we also observed a marked increase in ECT scores and a change in fracture character of the basal layers. In the non-boot packed area our ECTs propagated (ECTPs) for a full nine weeks longer than in the boot packed area. While this is just one case study, we are encouraged by our results, which provide quantitative data that indicate that boot packing can be an effective tool for helping to stabilize persistent basal weak layers.
The Impact of Critical Care Nursing Certification on Pediatric Patient Outcomes*

Objectives: To examine the relationship of nursing and unit characteristics including Critical Care Registered Nurse certification on patient complications for children undergoing congenital heart surgery in free-standing children’s hospitals in the United States. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive survey of nursing and organizational characteristics was sent electronically. Setting: Free-standing children’s hospitals in the United States. Patients: Children undergoing congenital heart surgery (congenital cardiac cases). Intervention: Nursing and unit characteristics from children’s hospitals were obtained via electronic survey during years 2010 and 2014. Survey data from 2014 were linked with patient-level data age less than 18 years old using the Pediatric Health Information System for years 2013–2014. The Complication Screening Method of Congenital Heart Surgery was used to adjust for baseline patient differences. Measurements and Main Results: Among 23 of 43 free-standing children’s hospitals (53%) in 2014, the median proportion of nurses with Bachelor of Science in Nursing preparation or higher at each site was 77% and with Critical Care Registered Nurse certification was 24%. Among 12,324 eligible congenital cardiac cases, the rate of complication was 34.4%. The odds of complications significantly decreased as the institutional percentage of nurses with a Bachelor of Science in Nursing increased (odds ratio, 0.83; p = 0.04). The odds of complications also significantly decreased as the institutional percentage of nurses with Critical Care Registered Nurse certification increased (odds ratio, 0.86; p = 0.02). Conclusions: Bachelor of Science in Nursing education and Critical Care Registered Nurse certification significantly impact pediatric patient outcomes. Recognition of nursing and organizational characteristics that are associated with improved pediatric patient outcomes is important to patients, their families, and society. Clinical leaders must commit to facilitating pathways for hiring candidates with Bachelor of Science in Nursing as a minimum to practice in PICUs and supporting a culture of professional certification.
Novel Computing Method for Short Programming Time and Low Energy Consumption in HfO2 Based RRAM Arrays

This paper proposes a novel technique for reducing programming time and energy consumption in resistive random access memory (RRAM) arrays based on ramped voltage stress (RVS). RVS method is correlated to conventional constant voltage stress method (CVS) using an analytical model validating RVS as a reliable technique for switching time characterization in RRAM arrays. RVS method is optimized to reduce programming time and energy consumption providing a quantitative and qualitative link between programming method and tails improvement in memory arrays. Switching time distribution is much more controlled: half a decade using optimized RVS in comparison with ~3 decades distribution using conventional CVS method. Energy consumption is reduced by 4 orders of magnitude at $+5\sigma $ quantiles using our proposed technique compared to CVS.
Impact of feeding regimen on hip height measures in feedlot steers

A study using 112 (116 while on pasture) fall born steers calves was conducted to evaluate the effect of plane of nutrition on skeletal growth. All steers were fall born calves obtained from one genetic source, Stewart Ranch in Caddo, Oklahoma. This genetically uniform group represented a blend of Angus and Hereford breeding. The four treatment groups were feedlot (F), July feedlot (JF), October feedlot (OF), and warm season pasture (WP). The F treatment group was placed directly into the feedlot as calves in early May when the trial began. The JF group was rotated among cool season grass paddocks from the onset of the trial until early July, at which time they were placed into the same feedlot conditions as treatment F. The OF group was rotated among cool season grass paddocks from the onset of the trial until late September, at which time they were placed into the same feedlot conditions as treatment F and JF. The WP group was rotated among cool season grass paddocks until mid June, at which time they were rotated among warm season grass paddocks until mid August when they were returned to the cool season grass paddocks until late September. Once removed from pasture in late September they were placed into the same feedlot conditions as treatments F, JF, and OF. Performance data was collected every 28 days which consisted of a hip height (HH) measurement and weight (WT). In addition, complete carcass data was collected at the time of harvest and feed consumption was recorded daily while steers were in the feedlot. Treatment groups were harvested at common end weights and similar degrees of maturity. Results show that an increased energy intake leads to a faster increase in HH and WT growth, along with the ratio of WT:HH. Also there was no indication of treatment differences between OF and WP. Most importantly, there was no difference in