Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Latent HyperNet: Exploring the Layers of Convolutional Neural Networks

Since Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) are able to simultaneously learn features and classifiers to discriminate different categories of activities, recent works have employed ConvNets approaches to perform human activity recognition (HAR) based on wearable sensors, allowing the removal of expensive human work and expert knowledge. However, these approaches have their power of discrimination limited mainly by the large number of parameters that compose the network and the reduced number of samples available for training. Inspired by this, we propose an accurate and robust approach, referred to as Latent HyperNet (LHN). The LHN uses feature maps from early layers (hyper) and projects them, individually, onto a low dimensionality (latent) space. Then, these latent features are concatenated and presented to a classifier. To demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of the LHN, we evaluate it using four different network architectures in five publicly available HAR datasets based on wearable sensors, which vary in the sampling rate and number of activities. We experimentally demonstrate that the proposed LHN is able to capture rich information, improving the results regarding the original ConvNets. Furthermore, the method outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods, on average, by 5.1 percentage points.
Edge localized mode rotation and the nonlinear dynamics of filaments

Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) rotating precursors were reported few milliseconds before an ELM crash in several tokamak experiments. Also, the reversal of the filaments rotation at the ELM crash is commonly observed. In this article, we present a mathematical model that reproduces the rotation of the ELM precursors as well as the reversal of the filaments rotation at the ELM crash. Linear ballooning theory is used to establish a formula estimating the rotation velocity of ELM precursors. The linear study together with nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic simulations give an explanation to the rotations observed experimentally. Unstable ballooning modes, localized at the pedestal, grow and rotate in the electron diamagnetic direction in the laboratory reference frame. Approaching the ELM crash, this rotation decreases corresponding to the moment when the magnetic reconnection occurs. During the highly nonlinear ELM crash, the ELM filaments are cut from the main plasma due to the strong sheared mean flow that is non.
Strategic Experimentation in the Lab

This paper reports the results of experimental tests of the Nash equilibrium predictions in a one‐armed bandit game with information spillover. Players learn the probability that a risky prospect pays by either taking draws from the distribution themselves or observing the outcome of another player's choice. Our experiment is designed to learn whether players experiment strategically, anticipating the opportunity to free‐ride on others' information and doing so. While error rates exhibit a bias toward under‐experimentation, we observe a significant strategic effect. Structural parameter estimates suggest the lack of experimentation observed is due to decision error and somewhat pessimistic priors, rather than risk preferences or probability weighting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of the Dichotomous Thinking Inventory

The Dichotomous Thinking Inventory (DTI) was developed for this study as a self-report measure used to assess a black-and-white cognitive thinking style or worldview. Validation of the DTI was explored with regard to the relationships among dichotomous thinking, borderline personality, narcissism, self-esteem, undervaluing others, intolerance for ambiguity, perfectionism, and the Big Five; and relationships between dichotomous thinking and peer ratings of traits and attitudes. Factor analysis of the DTI revealed 3 components: preference for dichotomy, dichotomous beliefs, and profit-and-loss thinking. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the DTI were at a sufficient level. Correlations among self-measures supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the DTI. Participants who scored highly on the DTI were rated as being articulate and straightforward by their friends. These results generally supported the reliability and validity of the DTI.
Climate change-induced shift of tree growth sensitivity at a central Himalayan treeline ecotone

Himalayan treelines are exposed to above average climate change impact, resulting in complex tree growth–climate relationships for Himalayan Silver Fir (Abies spectabilis (D. Don) Spach) at central Himalayan treelines. The majority of recent studies detected current tree growth sensitivity to dry conditions during pre-monsoon seasons. The aim of this study was to analyze growth–climate relationships for more than a century for a treeline ecotone in east-central Nepal and to test for Blue Intensity (BI; used as a surrogate of maximum late wood density) as climate proxy. We determined the relationships of Abies spectabilis radial tree growth and BI to climate by correlating both to temperature, precipitation and drought index data. The results showed a significantly unstable dendroclimatic signal over time. Climate warming-induced moisture deficits during pre-monsoon seasons became a major factor limiting radial tree growth during recent decades. Earlier in time, the dendroclimatic signal was weaker, predominantly reflecting a positive relationship of tree growth and summer temperature. Compared to radial tree growth, BI showed a different but strong climate signal. Temporally unstable correlations may be attributed to increasing effects of above-average rates of climate warming. An extended network of Himalayan tree-ring sites is needed to further analyze cause–effect relationships and to solve this attribution problem.
Efficacy of eucalyptus oil on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production

The in vitro semi automated gas production (GP) technique has been used to evaluate the potential of different levels of eucalyptus ( citriodora) oil (EuO, 25, 50, 100 and 150 µl) on total gas and methane production, as well as on rumen fermentation parameters. A total mixed ration (50% roughage:50% concentrate) was incubated with buffered rumen fluid. The EuO decreased GP by 5.3, 24.2, 44.6 and 56.7% with increasing level of oil. Also, the EuO at 25, 50, 100 and 150 µl linearly decreased CH4 production by 26.0, 46.8, 77.3 and 85.3%, respectively. There were no significant differences among investigated levels of EuO on the dry and organic matter degradation. The efficiency of microbial protein production was estimated by the partitioning factor (PF, estimated as the ratio of truly organic matter degradation and the gas volume produced at 24 h of incubation), expressed as mg/ml. The PF values were 3.79, 3.66, 3.58, 4.97 and 6.92 for control, 25, 50, 100 and 150 µl of eucalyptus oil, respectively. The ammonia-N concentration linearly decreased (P < 0.05) when the EuO was included. At 24 h of incubation, protozoa counts were reduced by 29.0, 38.7, 62.9 and 64.5%, respectively by adding 25, 50, 100 and 150 µl of EuO compared to the control. It is suggested that EuO could modify the rumen fermentation and has a potential in methane mitigation, which may be beneficial (at low level) for improving nutrient utilization and animal growth.
ATRIBUTOS QUÍMICOS DO SOLO EM ÁREA CULTIVADA COM MILHO SOB IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto do uso da agua de diferentes salinidades sobre as alteracoes quimicas de um Argissolo vermelho Amarelo cultivado com plantas de milho. O estudo foi conduzido em campo, no periodo de agosto a dezembro de 2017, na Fazenda experimental da Universidade da Integracao Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), Redencao-CE. O delineamento utilizado foi blocos ao acaso, com cinco niveis de salinidade da agua de irrigacao (1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0 e 5,0 dS m -1 ), quatro repeticoes cada. Aos 110 dias apos o plantio foram coletadas amostras simples de solo, de cada unidade experimental e foram avaliadas a condutividade eletrica do solo, pH da solucao do solo, teores de calcio, magnesio, potassio, sodio e percentagem de sodio trocavel. A concentracao dos sais da agua de irrigacao em niveis crescentes ate 5 dS m -1 reduziu os teores de calcio e potassio da solucao do solo, porem aumentou a salinidade, o teor de sodio e percentagem do sodio trocavel do solo. O teor de magnesio e o pH da solucao do solo nao foram influenciados pelo aumento da salinidade da agua ate a condutividade eletrica de 5 dS m -1 .
Light-induced Photoreceptor Apoptosis in vivo is Caspase Independent and Mediated by Nitric Oxide

INTRODUCTION. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetically diverse disease, characterized by the progressive degeneration of rod and cone photoreceptors. Photoreceptor loss in RP occurs via apoptosis, a mode of programmed cell death, which allows a cell to partake in its own demise. Apoptosis therefore represents a common final pathway in the pathology of RP. However, the molecular events regulating photoreceptor apoptosis in human cases and animal models of RP remain undefined. In this study, we delineate the molecular events occurring during photoreceptor apoptosis in the light-induced retinal injury model of RP. METHODS. Retinal light damage: Adult male balb-c mice were exposed to 2 hours of cool white fluorescent light at a luminescence level of 5000 lux. Intraperitoneal injections: Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 100mgkg -1 of N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), or D-NAME (an inactive isomer) in PBS as a control, 1hr before light exposure. Flow cytometry was employed to monitor intracellular calcium levels, generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane depolarisation in untreated animals and in those treated with L-NAME. Caspase-3 activation was assessed by western blot and with the use of the synthetic substrate AcDEVD-pNA. The possible involvement of other caspases was assessed by treatment of the animals with ZVAD.fmk subretinally.
Effects of the Insertion Type and Depth on the Pedicle Screw Pullout Strength: A Finite Element Study

Purpose The pedicle screw is a surgical device that has become widely used in spinal fixation and stabilization. Postsurgical complications such as screw loosening due to fatigue loading and screw breakage still need investigations. Clinical parameters such as the screw insertion type and depth, the bone density, and the patient degree of mobility greatly affect the mechanisms of the implant's failure/success. Methods The current finite element study focused on the prediction of the pedicle screw pullout strength under various conditions such as insertion type, insertion depth, bone quality, and loading mode. Results As depicted in this study, the preservation of the pedicle cortex as in the N1 insertion technique greatly enhances the pullout resistance. In addition, the higher the screw-anchoring depth, permitting to gear a maximum number of threads, the better the protection against premature breakouts of pedicle screws. Conclusions In agreement with experimental data, the type of insertion in which the first screw thread is placed immediately after the preserved pedicle cortex showed the best pullout resistance for both normal and osteoporotic bone.
Possible Involvement of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in a Cellular Model of NAFLD Progression Induced by Benzo[a]pyrene/Ethanol CoExposure

Exposure to xenobiotics could favor the transition of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in obese patients. Recently, we showed in different models of NAFL that benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and ethanol coexposure induced a steatohepatitis-like state. One model was HepaRG cells incubated with stearate and oleate for 2 weeks. In the present study, we wished to determine in this model whether mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction could be involved in the occurrence of this steatohepatitis-like state. CRISPR/Cas9-modified cells were also used to specify the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is potently activated by B[a]P. Thus, nonsteatotic and steatotic HepaRG cells were treated with B[a]P, ethanol, or both molecules for 2 weeks. B[a]P/ethanol coexposure reduced mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, mitochondrial respiration, and mitochondrial DNA levels and induced ROS overproduction in steatotic HepaRG cells. These deleterious effects were less marked or absent in steatotic cells treated with B[a]P alone or ethanol alone and in nonsteatotic cells treated with B[a]P/ethanol. Our study also disclosed that B[a]P/ethanol-induced impairment of mitochondrial respiration was dependent on AhR activation. Hence, mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS generation could explain the occurrence of a steatohepatitis-like state in steatotic HepaRG cells exposed to B[a]P and ethanol.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients of King Fahd Medical City in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia: A 5-Year Retrospective Study

This study is a retrospective analysis of the recorded intestinal parasitic infections for in- and outpatients visiting King Fahd Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from 2013 to 2017. In this study, a total of 5987 in- and outpatient were examined for intestinal parasitic infection. 30 patients out of 5987 were infected with 6 species of intestinal parasites with prevalence rate 0.5%. These parasites were Entamoeba histolytica (P = 0.27%), Cryptosporidium sp. (P = 0.1%), Giardia lamblia (P = 0.07%), Trichuris trichiura (P = 0.03%), Hymenolepis nana (P = 0.02%), and Chilomastix mesnili (P = 0.02%). The prevalence of infection in both males and females was 0.38% and 0.58%, respectively. Also, the prevalence of infection in different years and age groups as well as different seasons was provided. Intestinal parasitic infections are still a public health problem in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. Updating the epidemiologic survey of these parasites at regular intervals using the appropriate statistical methods is necessary to develop effective prevention and control strategies.
The Effect of Citalopram on Genome-Wide DNA Methylation of Human Cells

Commonly used pharmaceutical drugs might alter the epigenetic state of cells, leading to varying degrees of long-term repercussions to human health. To test this hypothesis, we cultured HEK-293 cells in the presence of 50 μM citalopram, a common antidepressant, for 30 days and performed whole-genome DNA methylation analysis using the NimbleGen Human DNA Methylation 3x720K Promoter Plus CpG Island Array. A total of 626 gene promoters, out of a total of 25,437 queried genes on the array (2.46%), showed significant differential methylation (p < 0.01); among these, 272 were hypomethylated and 354 were hypermethylated in treated versus control. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we found that the chief gene networks and signaling pathways that are differentially regulated include those involved in nervous system development and function and cellular growth and proliferation. Genes implicated in depression, as well as genetic networks involving nucleic acid metabolism, small molecule biochemistry, and cell cycle regulation were significantly modified. Involvement of upstream regulators such as BDNF, FSH, and NFκB was predicted based on differential methylation of their downstream targets. The study validates our hypothesis that pharmaceutical drugs can have off-target epigenetic effects and reveals affected networks and pathways. We view this study as a first step towards understanding the long-term epigenetic consequences of prescription drugs on human health.
Non-motor Behavioral Alterations of PGC-1α-Deficient Mice – A Peculiar Phenotype With Slight Male Preponderance and No Apparent Progression

Dysfunction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α) has been linked to various neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders; however, reports on psychic behavioral alterations on PGC-1α-deficient animals are sparse. The present study revisited prior observations of anxiety-related, depression-related, and hippocampal memory-related observations having been made on different PGC-1α-deficient murine strains, in a large-scale analysis on whole-body full-length (FL-)PGC-1α-deficient mice. The examinations were performed on animals covering a wide age range enrolled from both sexes, and included paradigms such as the open-field, elevated plus maze, light-dark box, tail suspension test, and spatial recognition two-trial Y-maze. The findings revealed no signs of previously reported anxiety-like behavior, but revealed an unexpected phenotype with decreased anxiety behavior consistent throughout different paradigms, with slight male preponderance. This was associated with despair-like anhedonic behavior, consistent with that reported previously, but did not associate with either peripheral or brain alterations in kynurenic acid synthesis, which was previously proposed. Though male FL-PGC-1α-deficient mice tended to perform poorer in the hippocampus-based spatial learning paradigm, the genotype overall was not associated with impairment in spatial memory, contradicting with prior observations. None of the observed alterations deteriorated with age, similarly to motor alterations as reported previously. The most likely contributors of this peculiar phenotype are discussed, with clinicopathological correlations drawn. Being the first to address these behavioral domains within the same PGC-1α-deficient strain, our findings extend the knowledge about the complex in vivo effect of PGC-1α dysfunction and add important notes to research in the field of PGC-1α in connection with neuropsychiatric disorders.
Population assignment and local adaptation along an isolation‐by‐distance gradient in Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)

The discernment of populations as management units is a fundamental prerequisite for sustainable exploitation of species. A lack of clear stock boundaries complicates not only the identification of spatial management units, but also the assessment of mixed fisheries by population assignment and mixed stock analysis. Many marine species, such as Pacific cod, are characterized by isolation by distance, showing significant differentiation but no clear stock boundaries. Here, we used restriction‐site‐associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to investigate population structure and assess power to genetically assign Pacific cod to putative populations of origin. Samples were collected across the species range in the eastern Pacific Ocean, from the Salish Sea to the Aleutian Islands. A total of 6,425 putative biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified from 276 individuals. We found a strong isolation‐by‐distance signal along coastlines that mirrored previous microsatellite results and pronounced genetic differentiation between coastal samples and those from the inland waters of the Salish Sea, with no evidence for hybridization between these two populations. Individual assignment success based on two methods was high overall (≥84%) but decreased from south to north. Assignment to geographic location of origin also was successful, with average distance between capture and assignment location of 220 km. Outlier analyses identified more loci potentially under selection along the coast than between Salish Sea and coastal samples, suggesting more diverse adaptation to latitudinal environmental factors than inshore vs. offshore environments. Our results confirm previous observations of sharp genetic differentiation of the Salish Sea population and isolation by distance along the coast, but also highlight the feasibility of using modern genomic techniques to inform stock boundaries and fisheries management in a low FST marine species.
IDENTIFYING PLANETARY BIOSIGNATURE IMPOSTORS: SPECTRAL FEATURES OF CO AND O4 RESULTING FROM ABIOTIC O2/O3 PRODUCTION

O2 and O3 have been long considered the most robust individual biosignature gases in a planetary atmosphere, yet multiple mechanisms that may produce them in the absence of life have been described. However, these abiotic planetary mechanisms modify the environment in potentially identifiable ways. Here we briefly discuss two of the most detectable spectral discriminants for abiotic O2/O3: CO and O4. We produce the first explicit self-consistent simulations of these spectral discriminants as they may be seen by James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). If JWST-NIRISS and/or NIRSpec observe CO (2.35, 4.6 μm) in conjunction with CO2 (1.6, 2.0, 4.3 μm) in the transmission spectrum of a terrestrial planet it could indicate robust CO2 photolysis and suggest that a future detection of O2 or O3 might not be biogenic. Strong O4 bands seen in transmission at 1.06 and 1.27 μm could be diagnostic of a post-runaway O2-dominated atmosphere from massive H-escape. We find that for these false positive scenarios, CO at 2.35 μm, CO2 at 2.0 and 4.3 μm, and O4 at 1.27 μm are all stronger features in transmission than O2/O3 and could be detected with S/Ns ≳ 3 for an Earth-size planet orbiting a nearby M dwarf star with as few as 10 transits, assuming photon-limited noise. O4 bands could also be sought in UV/VIS/NIR reflected light (at 0.345, 0.36, 0.38, 0.445, 0.475, 0.53, 0.57, 0.63, 1.06, and 1.27 μm) by a next generation direct-imaging telescope such as LUVOIR/HDST or HabEx and would indicate an oxygen atmosphere too massive to be biologically produced.
[Effect of akebiasaponin D with different concentrations on orthodontic tooth movement in rats].

PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of local injection of akebiasaponin D (ASD) with different concentrations on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in rats. METHODS Forty 6-week-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 rats in each group. Animal model for orthodontic tooth movement was established. The upper first molars of the rats were moved mesially by coil springs（force=40 g）. ASD solution at the concentration of 5 mg/kg was locally injected in ASD1 group, and ASD solution at the concentration of 10 mg/kg was locally injected in ASD2 group. The rats of group PGE2 were injected PGE2 solution at the concentration of 25 μg/kg. The same amount of normal saline was injected in the control group. The rats were sacrificed in batch on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after orthodontic treatment. The distance between upper first molar and second molar was measured. H-E straining was performed to observe the changes of periodontal tissue and the amount of osteoclast. SPSS13.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The distance between the first and second molar was successively increased compared with the control group. On day 3, there was significant difference between PGE2 group and the control group (P＜0.05). On day 7, the distance between the first and second molar in PGE2 group and ASD2 group was significantly increased compared with the control group (P＜0.05). The amount of tooth movement was significantly increased (P＜0.05) in ASD1 group, ASD2 group and PGE2 group, compared with the control group on the 14th, 21st and 28th day. However, there was no significant difference (P＞0.05) between ASD2 group and PGE2 group. Under microscope, the number of osteoclast was increased on the tension side, reaching a peak on day 21st, and decreased later. CONCLUSIONS Local injection of ASD solution may accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. ASD solution at the dose of 10 mg/kg can accelerate orthodontic tooth movement efficiently similar to PGE2 solution, while ASD solution at the dose of 5 mg/kg is not as effectual as PGE2 solution.