Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human acellular dermal wound matrix for treatment of DFU: literature review and analysis.

UNLABELLED Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) affect a significant number of people and the treatment is challenging and costly. Since only a small portion of patients respond to standard care, the majority require more advanced wound healing interventions. Human acellular dermal matrices-regenerative tissue matrices derived from human tissue and processed from screened donated skin-can aid wound closure by restoring the missing physiological factors to the microenvironment. A literature review of the clinical literature was performed to estimate the comparative effectiveness of one specific human acellular dermal wound matrix (HADWM; Graftjacket regenerative tissue matrix) versus standard care in healing DFUs. Outcomes from three prospective, controlled clinical trials, which included 154 patients with DFUs, were pooled. A comparative analysis revealed a statistically significant reduction in mean wound healing time, 1.7 weeks, as well as a nearly four-fold improvement in the chance of healing ulcers treated with HADWM versus moist wound-care. These pooled results suggest that HADWM may improve healing outcomes for these difficult-to-heal lower extremity wounds. DECLARATION OF INTEREST Alexander Reyzelman is a consultant for KCI, an Acelity company.
Stress, Corticotropin‐Releasing Hormone, Glucocorticoids, and the Immune/Inflammatory Response: Acute and Chronic Effects a

Abstract: Corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) influences the immune system indirectly, through activation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis and sympathetic system, and directly, through local modulatory actions of peripheral (immune) CRH. We recently demonstrated that catecholamines and histamine potently inhibited interleukin (IL)‐12 and stimulated IL‐10, whereas glucocorticoids suppressed IL‐12, but did not affect IL‐10 production ex vivo. Thus, both glucocorticoids and catecholamines, the end products of the stress system, and histamine, a product of activated mast cells, may selectively suppress cellular immunity and favor humoral immune responses. We localized immunoreactive CRH in experimental carrageenin‐induced aseptic inflammation and, in humans, in inflamed tissues from patients with several autoimmune diseases. In addition, we demonstrated that CRH activated mast cells via a CRH receptor type 1‐dependent mechanism, leading to release of histamine and hence vasodilatation and increased vascular permeability. Thus, activation of the stress system, through direct and indirect effects of CRH, may influence the susceptibility of an individual to certain autoimmune, allergic, infectious or neoplastic diseases. Antalarmin, a novel nonpeptide CRH antagonist, prevented several proinflammatory effects of CRH, thus revealing its therapeutic potential in some forms of inflammation.
Immunoglobulin G4-related periaortitis and periarteritis: CT findings in 17 patients.

PURPOSE To retrospectively evaluate computed tomographic (CT) findings of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease involving the vascular system. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the institutional review board, and all patients included had consented to the use of their medical records for the purpose of research. The study consisted of 17 patients (16 men and one woman; age range, 54-86 years). CT findings of IgG4-related periarterial lesions were retrospectively analyzed. Radiopathologic correlations were examined on the basis of surgically resected specimens. RESULTS A total of 22 periarterial lesions were detected in 17 patients. The lesions were located in the thoracic aorta (n = 4), abdominal aorta to iliac arteries (n = 13), superior mesenteric artery (n = 3), inferior mesenteric artery (n = 1), and splenic artery (n = 1). Radiologically, they were characterized by arterial wall thickening (mean thickness, 11 mm), relatively clear circumscription, possible association with luminal change (mostly dilated and rarely stenotic), exaggerated atherosclerotic change, and homogeneous enhancement at the late phase of contrast material-enhanced CT. Twelve patients (71%) had IgG4-related disease in other organs. Pathologically, diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, numerous IgG4-positive plasma cells, and irregular fibrosis were noted in the thickened arterial wall, especially at the adventitia. Steroid therapy administered to eight patients rapidly diminished the arterial wall thickening. One patient who did not receive steroid therapy showed spontaneous improvement at follow-up CT. CONCLUSION IgG4-related arterial lesions occur mainly in the aorta and its main branches and are radiologically characterized by homogeneous arterial wall thickening corresponding to pathologic features of IgG4-related sclerosing inflammation in the adventitia.
Patterns of Precarity: Historical Trajectories of Vietnamese Labour Mobility

Abstract In past and present Vietnam, the dialectic of precarity and resilience shapes the everyday lives of mobile labourers. Vietnamese labour mobility is characterised by an interplay between precariousness ‘at home’ and the uncertainties of migration. The paper aims to highlight continuities and contingencies in the longue durée of Vietnamese work migration through a historical contextualisation of precarious labour relations. Both colonial ‘coolie’ workers and present-day labour migrants share similar experiences, for example socioeconomic marginalisation in the regions of origin, opportunity and risk, and emerging translocal identities.
Children's understanding of emotion in speech.

Children's understanding of emotion in speech was explored in three experiments. In Experiment 1, 4- to 10-year-old children and adults (N = 165) judged the happiness or sadness of the speaker from cues conveyed by propositional content and affective paralanguage. When the cues conflicted (i.e., a happy situation was described with sad paralanguage), children relied primarily on content, in contrast to adults, who relied on paralanguage. There were gradual developmental changes from 4-year-olds' almost exclusive focus on content to adults' exclusive focus on paralanguage. Children of all ages exhibited greater response latencies to utterances with conflicting cues than to those with nonconflicting cues, indicating that they processed both sources of emotional information. Children accurately labeled the affective paralanguage when the propositional cues to emotion were obscured by a foreign language (Experiment 2, N = 20) or by low-pass filtering (Experiment 3, N = 60). The findings are consistent with children's limited understanding of the communicative functions of affective paralanguage.
Adjustment Processes Resulting in Equilibrium in the Private Ownership Economy

The paper considers a private ownership economy in which economic agents could realize their aims at given prices, Walras Law is satisfied but agents’ optimal plans of action do not lead to an equilibrium in the economy. It means that the market clearing condition is not satisfied for agents’ optimal plans of action. In this context, the paper puts forward three specific adjustment processes resulting in equilibrium in a transformation of the initial economy. Specifically, it is shown, by the use of strict mathematical reasoning, that if there is no equilibrium in a private ownership economy at given prices, then, under some natural economic assumptions, after a mild evolution of the production sector, equilibrium at unchanged prices can be achieved.
Effects on fluid and Na+ flux of varying luminal hydraulic resistance in rat colon in vivo.

1. A new method of measuring fluid and ionic movements and the dehydrating power of the colon in vivo is described. A range of agarose gel cylinders, with calibrated hydraulic conductivities (Lp), were inserted into the lumen of the descending colon of anaesthetized rats. Fluxes of fluid, Na+ and K+ out of the gels were measured over a period of 60‐110 min. 2. Fluid absorption by the colon from 2.5% agarose gels was not slower than from solution without gel. Fluid absorption was inhibited by 66% when the agarose concentration was raised to 10%. In contrast 2.5% agarose gels caused a 73% (P < 0.001) reduction in water flow from rat ileum. 3. Increasing gel concentration to 10% or above caused the absorbate from the gels to become hypertonic (P < 0.001). 4. The measured suction pressure applied by the colonic hypertonic absorbate to the gels increased from 44 +/‐ 2.3 cmH2O (n = 23) with 2.5% agarose gels to 6713 +/‐ 960 cmH2O (n = 13) with 15% (P < 0.001). 5. Deoxycholate (2 mM) produced a decrease in fluid and Na+ absorption and reduced the suction pressure and power exerted by the colon.
Treatment of Seropositive Primary Syphilis: An Evaluation of 196 Patients

One hundred seventy-five patients with primary infection with Treponema pallidum were treated with benzathine penicillin G, 2.4 million units given intramuscularly weekly for two weeks for a total of 4.8 million units. Twenty-one patients with primary syphilis who were allergic to penicillin were treated with oral tetracycline, 500 mg four times daily for 12 days for a total of 24 gm. All 196 patients had resolution of their lesions, and all were seronegative within one year. White patients presented for treatment earlier than black patients. The duration of symptoms prior to presentation for treatment was positively correlated with the height of the serologie titer in the rapid plasma reagin card test. Patients who had high titers before treatment became seronegative less rapidly than patients who had low pre-treatment titers.
A systematic review and meta-analyses of nonsucrose sweet solutions for pain relief in neonates.

BACKGROUND Sucrose has been demonstrated to provide analgesia for minor painful procedures in infants. However, results of trials investigating other sweet solutions for neonatal pain relief have not yet been synthesized. OBJECTIVE To establish the efficacy of nonsucrose sweet-tasting solutions for pain relief during painful procedures in neonates. METHOD The present article is a systematic review and meta-analyses of the literature. Standard methods of the Cochrane Neonatal Collaborative Review Group were used. Literature searches were reviewed for randomized controlled trials investigating the use of sweet solutions, except sucrose, for procedural pain management in neonates. Outcomes assessed included validated pain measures and behavioural and physiological indicators. RESULTS Thirty-eight studies (3785 neonates) were included, 35 of which investigated glucose. Heel lancing was performed in 21⁄38 studies and venipuncture in 11⁄38 studies. A 3.6-point reduction in Premature Infant Pain Profile scores during heel lances was observed in studies comparing 20% to 30% glucose with no intervention (two studies, 124 neonates; mean difference -3.6 [95% CI -4.6 to -2.6]; P<0.001; I2=54%). A significant reduction in the incidence of cry after venipuncture for infants receiving 25% to 30% glucose versus water or no intervention was observed (three studies, 130 infants; risk difference -0.18 [95% CI -0.31 to -0.05]; P=0.008, number needed to treat = 6 [95% CI 3 to 20]; I2=63%). CONCLUSIONS The present systematic review and meta-analyses demonstrate that glucose reduces pain scores and crying during single heel lances and venipunctures. Results indicate that 20% to 30% glucose solutions have analgesic effects and can be recommended as an alternative to sucrose for procedural pain reduction in healthy term and preterm neonates.
Age, Size, and Growth of the Turkish Endemic Frog Pelophylax Caralitanus (Anura: Ranidae)

Pelophylax caralitanus is a medium‐sized frog that is endemic to the upland Lake District of south‐central Turkey and currently identified as a threatened species as a result of overharvesting and habitat modification. In this report, demographic data are provided for four major lakeside populations of this species based on a skeletochronological analysis of bone growth in large samples of frogs that were captured and released during 2011 and 2013. Adult males (aged 2–9 years) and females (aged 2–10 years) ranged in size from 66 to 105 mm snout‐vent length (SVL) and 65 to 110 mm SVL, respectively, and typically attained sexual maturity in their second (low‐elevation sites) or third (high‐elevation sites) summer of growth following metamorphosis. The four populations exhibited differences in growth rate and age at sexual maturity, which appeared to reflect differences in the average monthly temperature and length of the growth season rather than elevation per se, that is, warmer temperatures and longer growth seasons resulted in smaller adults. All populations had a similar overall age structure, with approximately equal frequencies of individuals in the five age and size classes following maturity. Anat Rec, 301:1224–1234, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do Incorporation Policies Matter? Immigrants’ Identity and Relationships With the Receiving Society

Are multiculturalism policies associated with a rejection of the receiving society’s identity by immigrants? Is there a policy arrangement that makes identification with the receiving society more likely? This article addresses head-on whether there is a trade-off between ethnic identification and relationships with the host society and whether this trade-off is associated with certain policy regimes. Looking at immigrants in 10 Western democracies, the results show that despite the fact that inclusive policies decrease identification with the majority, they do so while being associated with integrationist orientations on issues such as language choice and cultural traditions. Immigrants in these countries value relationships with both their ethnic group and the majority to a greater extent. In countries with inclusive policies, ethnic identification is also associated with commitment to the receiving society and, contrary to more restrictive regimes, does not lead to greater perceived discrimination. These findings are robust to additional models looking at Muslim immigrants.
The effect of a family therapy and technology-based intervention on caregiver depression.

PURPOSE The majority of persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are cared for at home by a family member such as a spouse or daughter. Caregiving places enormous demands on these caregivers, and the negative consequences associated with caregiving are well documented. This paper reports results from the Miami site of the REACH (Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health) program that examined the efficacy of a family therapy and technology-based intervention in reducing depressive symptoms (according to the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale) among family caregivers of AD patients at 6 months and 18 months follow-up. DESIGN AND METHODS There were 225 White American and Cuban American caregivers that were randomized into a structural ecosystems therapy, structural ecosystems therapy + computer-telephone integrated system, or minimal support control condition. RESULTS Caregivers in the combined family therapy and technology intervention experienced a significant reduction in depressive symptoms at 6 months. The 18-month follow-up data indicated that the intervention was particularly beneficial for Cuban American husband and daughter caregivers. IMPLICATIONS The results indicate that information technology has a promising role in alleviating distress and depression among groups of AD caregivers. The data also demonstrate that interventions have differential impacts according to ethnic group and the caregiver-patient relationship.
Auditory temporal abilities in children with history of recurrent otitis media in the first years of life and persistent in preschool and school ages.

PURPOSE To study the temporal auditory ordering and resolution abilities in children with and without a history of early OME and ROME, as well as to study the responses according to age. METHODS A total of 59 children were evaluated, and all of them presented pure tone thresholds within the normal range at the time of the conduction of the hearing tests. The children were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of episodes of recurrent otitis media. Then, each group was divided into two subgroups according to age: 7- and 8-year olds, and 9- and 10-year olds. All children were assessed with standard tests of temporal frequency (ordination) and gaps-in-noise (resolution). RESULTS For the temporal abilities studied, children with a history of otitis media presented significantly lower results compared to the control group. In the frequency pattern test, the correct answers increased with age in both groups. In the identification of silence intervals, the control group showed no change in threshold regarding to age, but this change was present in the group with a history of otitis media. CONCLUSION Episodes of otitis media with effusion in the first year of life, recurrent and persistent in preschool and school ages, negatively influence the temporal ordering and resolution abilities.
Predicted intake of trace elements and minerals via household drinking water by 6-year-old children from Krakow (Poland). Part 4: Copper

The aim of this study was to assess exposure of children to copper (Cu) from household drinking water (DW). DW samples were collected between 1997 and 2004 in ∼650 households and pre-schools using a double-sampling method (morning – W1; evening – W2). The study group comprised ∼300 children (5–7 years old) living in Krakow (urban, peripheral) and rural areas in southern Poland. Cu concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. There was no significant relationship between the sampling period and Cu concentration, but statistically significant differences were found between urban and non-urban (rural, peripheral) sites and between morning and evening samples. Geometric means of Cu concentration in evening DW (95% confidence interval, in μg L−1) were 8 (1–110), 20 (1–274) and 12 (0–364) in urban, peripheral and rural sites, respectively. DW contamination after overnight standing was comparable in all sites (average increase ∼20 μg Cu L−1). The adopted threshold of 100 μg Cu L−1 was exceeded in evening DW by 3.6 and 15% in urban and non-urban households, respectively. Exceedance of the EC limit (2 mg L−1) was not significant. The mean predicted contribution of evening DW to Cu intake by children were 18–37 μg day−1 or 0.8–1.6 μg kg−1 bw day−1 but were 2–3-fold higher for morning DW. The Polish RDA (1 mg Cu day−1) was exceeded for morning (evening) DW in 3.7 (0.2)% of children, with a mean intake of 159 (118)% of RDA. The observed copper levels and predicted intakes can be considered low and should not raise nutritional or toxicological concerns for the age group studied. Nevertheless, due to overnight contamination, the suggestion that the stagnant portion of drinking water should be discarded remains valid.
Flux function added solder anisotropic conductive films (ACFs) for high power and fine pitch assemblies

In this study, flux function added solder ACF was proposed in order to be used not only with the ultrasonic bonding method which can break solder using ultrasonic vibration oxides but also with conventional thermo-compression bonding method. Since the solder oxides cannot be broken only with conventional thermo-compression method, we had to remove the oxide chemically. The test vehicles were consist of polyimide based flexible substrates and FR-4 organic rigid boards which have 300 μm pitch Cu patterns with electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) surface finish. Solder ACFs 50 μm thick were epoxy based adhesive films containing flux functional additive. The films contain 5-15 μm diameter SAC305 (96.5Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu) solder particles which are used as conductive particles and 5 μm diameter Au coated Ni particles which are used as spacers. According to the experimental results, the flux functional additive did not change the curing reaction of the solder ACF. Moreover, the addition of flux functional additive caused significant improvement of electrical properties of solder ACF joints such as power handling capability and reliability. Therefore, using a flux function added solder ACFs can be used for various FOB and FOF assemblies and can provide an alternative interconnection for high power and fine pitch assemblies.
Control of cell mechanics by RhoA and calcium fluxes during epithelial scattering

abstract Epithelial tissues use adherens junctions to maintain tight interactions and coordinate cellular activities. Adherens junctions are remodeled during epithelial morphogenesis, including instances of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, or EMT, wherein individual cells detach from the tissue and migrate as individual cells. EMT has been recapitulated by growth factor induction of epithelial scattering in cell culture. In culture systems, cells undergo a highly reproducible series of cell morphology changes, most notably cell spreading followed by cellular compaction and cell migration. These morphology changes are accompanied by striking actin rearrangements. The current evidence suggests that global changes in actomyosin-based cellular contractility, first a loss of contractility during spreading and its activation during cell compaction, are the main drivers of epithelial scattering. In this review, we focus on how spreading and contractility might be controlled during epithelial scattering. While we propose a central role for RhoA, which is well known to control cellular contractility in multiple systems and whose role in epithelial scattering is well accepted, we suggest potential roles for additional cellular systems whose role in epithelial cell biology has been less well documented. In particular, we propose critical roles for vesicle recycling, calcium channels, and calcium-dependent kinases.
The influence of depression, body mass index, and smoking on serum inhibin B levels in late reproductive-aged women.

CONTEXT Women experiencing depression have difficult psychosocial functioning, and recent data suggest an earlier onset of menopause. Understanding the biological mechanism for the impairment of reproductive function associated with depression is important. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine whether a lifetime history of depression is associated with reduced ovarian reserve as reflected in serum levels of the granulosa cell product, inhibin B. DESIGN Residual serum samples from a subset of patients in the Harvard Study of Cycles and Moods were collected. SETTING Patients were recruited from seven Boston-area communities. PATIENTS Women with or without a history of major depression, based on structured clinical interviews for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, were enrolled. A subset of patients who had provided an early follicular phase blood specimen at study enrollment and two or more other samples over the first 18-month period of follow-up were included. INTERVENTION There were no interventions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Serum inhibin B levels were measured. RESULTS Serum FSH levels were higher in women with a history of depression, whereas inhibin B levels did not differ between groups. Body mass index and age were significantly and inversely related to serum inhibin B levels. Smoking history was noted, for the first time, to have a significant negative association with inhibin B levels. CONCLUSIONS Smoking has a direct negative effect on ovarian reserve, as suggested by decreased serum inhibin B levels. In contrast, effects of depression on the reproductive axis may occur at the level of the pituitary and/or hypothalamus rather than at the gonadal level, as suggested by increased serum FSH levels.