Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual analytics of large dynamic digraphs

In this article, we investigate the problem of visually representing and analyzing large dynamic directed graphs that consist of many vertices, edges, and time steps. With this work we do not primarily focus on graph details but more on achieving an overview about long graph sequences with the major focus to be scalable in vertex, edge, and time dimensions. To reach this goal, we first map each graph to a bipartite layout with vertices in the same order for each graph supporting a preservation of the viewer’s mental map. A sequence of graphs is placed in a left-to-right reading direction. To further reduce link crossings, we draw partial links with user-definable lengths and finally apply edge splatting as a concept to emphasize graph structures by color coding the generated density fields. Time-varying visual patterns can be recognized by inspecting the changes in the color coding in certain regions in the display. We illustrate the usefulness of the approach in two case studies investigating call graphs changing during software development with 21 releases which is a rather short graph sequence but contains several thousand vertices and edges. Visual scalability in the time dimension is shown with more than 1000 graphs from a dynamic social network dataset consisting of face-to-face contacts acquired during the Hypertext 2009 conference recorded by radio-frequency identification badges.
[The evaluation of tumor histopathology, location, characteristic, size and thickness of nonmelanoma skin cancers of the head and neck].

OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the characteristic features of tumors and relationship between features in cases who underwent surgery for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) of the head and neck. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between December 2007 and March 2011, 106 lesions of 90 cases who underwent excision of NMSC of the head and neck in our clinic were included. The statistical analysis was performed by evaluating the demographic data, histopathologic type, size and thickness of tumor, location, Clark stage, T stage, risk of recurrence and the presence of recurrence, reconstruction technique and success rate of surgery. RESULTS Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was approximately two-fold more common than squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The most common locations of tumors were the nose and lip. Most of lesions (71.7%) were at high-risk of recurrence. When the relationship of histopathologic type with the size and depth of tumor were analyzed, it was found that the size and thickness of tumor in SCC were relatively higher with a statistically significant difference. The relationship between histopathologic type and the location of tumors was also statistically significant. CONCLUSION Basal cell carcinoma is the most common NMSC of the head and neck. Most of these cases have the potential of high rate of recurrence. The size and thickness of SCC are higher than BCC.
Topical Application of Soluble CD83 Induces IDO-Mediated Immune Modulation, Increases Foxp3+ T Cells, and Prolongs Allogeneic Corneal Graft Survival

Modulation of immune responses is one of the main research aims in transplant immunology. In this study, we investigate the local immunomodulatory properties of soluble CD83 (sCD83) at the graft-host interface using the high-risk corneal transplantation model. In this model, which mimics the inflammatory status and the preexisting vascularization of high-risk patients undergoing corneal transplantation, allogeneic donor corneas are transplanted onto sCD83-treated recipient animals. This model allows the direct and precise application of the immune modulator at the transplantation side. Interestingly, sCD83 was able to prolong graft survival after systemic application as well as after topical application, which is therapeutically more relevant. The therapeutic effect was accompanied by an increase in the frequency of regulatory T cells and was mediated by the immune-regulatory enzyme IDO and TGF-β. In vitro, sCD83 induced long-term IDO expression in both conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells via autocrine or paracrine production of TGF-β, a cytokine previously shown to be an essential mediator of IDO-dependent, long-term tolerance. These findings open new treatment avenues for local immune modulation after organ and tissue transplantation.
The influence of restricted feeding on site and extent of digestion and flow of nitrogenous compounds to the duodenum in steers.

The effects of restricted feeding on site and extent of digestion, flow of N-containing compounds to the duodenum, and ruminal metabolism were determined. In Trial 1, corn silage-based diets were fed at one of three intakes to three ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers (420 +/- 4.4 kg BW) in a repeated 3 x 3 Latin square experiment. Feeding levels were 100% of ad libitum intake, 90% of ad libitum intake, and 80% of ad libitum intake. Site of digestion was not affected by restricted feeding; however, extent of DM, NDF, and apparent N digestion were increased (P < .03) 2.8, 4.1, and 6.2 percentage units for each 1-kg restriction in DM intake. Restricted feeding increased (P < .06) ruminal pH and ammonia concentrations, decreased (P < .05) ruminal liquid dilution rate, and had no major effects on bacterial concentrations. In Trial 2, all-concentrate diets based on whole shelled corn were fed at 100, 90, or 80% of ad libitum intake to six ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers (440 +/- 4.1 kg BW) in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square experiment. Restricted feeding increased (P < .06) apparent ruminal DM digestion; however, true ruminal OM digestibility was not affected. Extent of apparent N digestion increased 3.0 percentage units for each 1-kg restriction in DMI. Ruminal pH was not affected by restricted feeding; however, ruminal ammonia concentrations increased (P < .06) and ruminal liquid dilution rate decreased (P < .04) with restricted feeding. In both Trials, total N flow to the duodenum was approximately 100% of N intake for the 80% of ad libitum intake. Flow of N exceeded N intake in a linear (P < .01) manner as DMI increased. Decreases in duodenal N flow when intake was restricted resulted from decreases (P < .01) in bacterial N flowing to the duodenum, and also in decreases (P < .01) in non-ammonia, non-bacterial N flow when whole shelled corn-based diets were fed. We concluded that restrictions in digestible energy intake are less than the DM restriction when corn silage-based diets are fed but are equal to the DM restriction when whole shelled corn-based diets are fed. Also, restricted feeding strategies reduce the flow of N to the duodenum from both bacterial and feed origins.
Sleeve lobectomy.

Sleeve lobectomy is the alternative procedure to pneumonectomy. It can be an operation of choice for lung cancer, if technically feasible, and is the ideal procedure for low grade pulmonary malignancies and inflammatory bronchial strictures. Precise radiologic bronchoscopic assessment defines the need and probability for sleeve lobectomy. Close adherence to precise technical principles will achieve excellent clinical results with a low morbidity and mortality.
Walanae Fault Kinematic Deduced from Geometric Geodetic GNSS GPS Monitoring

The western Sulawesi region has the main structural boundary, the Palu Koro Fault which divides from Palu Bay at the northest part to Central Sulawesi and continues into the Bone Gulf in southest part. In the southern part of this region, namely the South Sulawesi Arm zone, there is a Walanae fault which is defined as a sinistral wrench with a NW-SE direction that divides the South Arm of Sulawesi. This fault in the northern part is expected to continue to the northwest intersecting the Makassar Strait and unite with Paternoster-Lupar (Kalimantan) sutures and at the southest ending in Flores thrust fault. Walanae fault system did not only have one strand but was divided into 4 parts, namely the northern East Walanae Fault with a slip rate of 6.634 mm/year and the southern part with a 7.097 mm/year of slip rate, as well as the northern part of West Walanae Fault with a slip rate of 4.528 mm/year and the southern part with a slip rate of 3.270 mm/year. The northern part of Walanae fault system has opening or spreading pattern occurs that is in harmony with the formation of Walanae depression. By using simple geometric modeling, we found the fault system have 2 strain partitions with dominant sinistral strike slip pattern at southern part and combination between left lateral strike slip with thrust fault pattern at northern part.
Horseshoes, rings, and distorted rings: studies of cyclic chromium-fluoride cages.

We recently reported the first heterometallic rings, [NH2R2] [Cr7MF8(O2CCMe3)16] (R= a range of alkyl side chains; M= Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, or Cd), based on the neutral homometallic ring, [Cr8F8(O2CCMe3)16] 1. [2] These cyclic structures are interesting because they are antiferromagnetically coupled rings, but have a resulting ground state spin. This should allow studies of the dynamics in antiferromagnetic rings, which are often used as models for 1D antiferromagnets. It has also been suggested that such compounds should show macroscopic quantum coherence. The heterometallic complexes are isolable based on the simple principle that replacement of a single Cr ion in 1 by a dication generates a ring that is a monoanion. Therefore, in the presence of a suitable counterion—provided by a secondary ammonium ion—it is possible to separate the charged heterometallic species from 1. The synthesis left several questions unanswered: first, what would happen if the reaction was performed under the usual reaction conditions, but in the absence of the second metal? Second, what might result if the second metal could not occupy the octahedral metal coordination sites found in 1 and in the heterometallic rings? Herein we consider both these questions: the answer is of much wider interest because the resulting structures suggest new methods for controlling the shape of cyclic cage complexes, and perhaps future routes to designed polycyclic metal cages. Complex 1 is formed from reaction of hydrated chromium trifluoride with pivalic acid in the presence of dimethylformamide (DMF), followed by crystallization from a range of solvents. To produce the heterometallic rings, a source of a second metal is required and also the addition of a secondary amine, to act as the cation for the ion pair produced. If only the secondary amine is added, dark green crystals can still be grown; however, the X-ray structural analysis of these crystals reveals the formation of a new structural type (Figure 1).
Culture, Caregiving, and Health: Exploring the Influence of Culture on Family Caregiver Experiences

Ethnic minorities are expected to experience a greater demand for family caregiving than non-Latino Whites due to their projected population growth. Although the consensus of researchers on caregiving and culture finds that the caregiving experience differs significantly among cultural/ethnic groups, the question remains as to how cultural values and norms influence the caregiver experiences. We conducted an interpretative, phenomenological qualitative analysis of focus group transcripts from four groups (African American, Asian American, Hispanic American, and European American) for cultural influences on caregiving. Data were collected in Nevada between December 7, 2009, and August 20, 2010. Thirty-five caregivers participated in this study. We found commonalities among all of the cultural/ethnic groups in their experiences of the difficulties of caregiving. However, there were some significant differences in the cultural values and norms that shaped the caregiving experience. We categorized these differences as: (a) cultural embeddedness of caregiving, (b) cultural determinants of caregiving responsibilities or taxonomy of caregiving, and (c) cultural values and norms underlying the decision to provide care. The significance of this study is that it highlights the culturally perceived mandate to provide care in the African, Asian, and Hispanic American cultures.
Noninvasive ventilation for hypercapnic respiratory failure in COPD : Encephalopathy and initial post-support deterioration of pH and PaCO2 may not predict failure

Objectives: To correlate the degree of encephalopathy, baseline values of PaCO2 and pH, and their early response to NIV with eventual in-hospital outcome in patients of severe acute-on-chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure in COPD. Design: Retrospective review. Setting: Intensive care unit. Material and methods: 24 episodes of acute exacerbation of COPD in 17 patients (10 females, 7 males) with a mean age of 59.5 years (range 48 - 82) where NIV was initiated. Data collected: encephalopathy score at baseline and at 24 hours, respiratory rate, breathing pattern, serial arterial blood gases, duration of NIV support per day and hospital days. Results: All patients had severe hypercapnia (mean peak PaCO2 89.0 mm Hg ± 21; range 66-143), respiratory acidosis (mean nadir pH 7.24 ± 0.058, range 7.14 - 7.33) and tachypnoea (mean respiratory rate 29.5 ± 4.69/mt; range 24 - 40). In 17 episodes, altered mental state was present (encephalopathy score 1.92 ± 1.32, median 2.5). Clinically stable condition occurred over several days (mean 13± 9.6 days; range 5 - 40). Intubation was avoided in 22 out of 24 episodes (91.6%) despite significant initial worsening of PaCO2 and pH. Two patients died. The mean time on NIV was16.5 hours/day (range 4 - 22). Conclusions: In selected patients of COPD with acute hypercapnic failure on NIV worsening PaCO2 and pH in the initial hours may not predict failure provided the level of consciousness and respiratory distress improve.
Efficacy and Safety of Benralizumab, a Monoclonal Antibody against IL-5Rα, in Uncontrolled Eosinophilic Asthma

Nonresponders to maximal guideline-based therapies of asthma account for most of the morbidity, mortality, and economic burden of the disease. Because eosinophils are key effector cells in asthmatic airway inflammation, blocking IL-5, the main cytokine responsible for its survival and activation, seems to be a rational strategy. While previous monoclonal antibodies against the IL-5 ligand resulted in inconsistent improvements in asthma outcomes, benralizumab has shown promise. Benralizumab is a monoclonal antibody against IL-5 receptor, and has an enhanced antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity function. In this article, we review the theoretical advantages of benralizumab compared to previous compounds, as well as current status of the clinical development of benralizumab in asthma. Lastly, we briefly discuss the potential role of benralizumab in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Enhanced Passivation Layer by Cr Diffusion of 301 Stainless Steel Facilitated by SMAT

AISI 301 stainless steel (SS) is known for its high strength and hardness but tends to be less corrosion resistant for many applications. Several attempts have been made in the past to investigate its corrosion behavior by different methods. However, current knowledge is insufficient on its corrosion resistance when subjected to surface treatment. In this work, a new route to enhance the corrosion resistance of nanostructured 301 SS using surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) method is described. SMAT improves the mechanical properties of 301 SS by the formation of a nanostructure layer on the material surface. Compared to the as‐received 316 and 304 SS counterparts, the present nanostructured 301 SS exhibits an improved corrosion behavior by a lower corrosion current density (1.308 mA/cm2), higher corrosion potential (−0.071 V), higher phase angle and impedance, better charge‐transfer resistance, and Cr content. The improved corrosion resistance can be attributed to the ability of SMAT to facilitate the move of Cr on the surface, which forms a stronger passivation layer with a new mechanism of passivation that may save a lot of noble metals.
Predictors of Attention Problems for the Period from Pre-Teen to Early Teen Years

Objective: This longitudinal study investigated the scope, persistence, and predictors of attention problems (AP) over a period of time from pre-teen (7–12 years) to early teen years (13–17 years). Method: AP evaluations used the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and a semi-structured interview (C-SSAGA-P) with the parents. In addition, data relating to birth complications, family histories of affective disorders and alcohol-use disorders, home supervision, emotional, social and behavioral problems, school performance and school activities at two different measurement points were also collected. Results: The findings indicate a high degree of comorbidity between AP and emotional and behavioral problems, difficulties in school, social problems and peer rejection. Furthermore, a cross-sectional association between childhood AP and parental affective disorders was also evident. Longitudinally, there was no increase in AP over the age span covered by the study, and symptoms often did not persist over time. Multiple regression analyses confirmed poorer school performance, problems with peers and AP at time point 15 as predictors for subsequent AP. Conclusion: The findings indicate that AP symptoms do not occur more frequently in early teen than in pre-teen years, and tend to be temporary phenomena. Difficulties in school and with peers were noted as particularly strong predictors of subsequent AP.
Microvascular periodontal alterations: A possible relationship between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND Microvascular involvements represent one of the first steps in many autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in periodontal microcirculation between healthy subjects and patients suffering from RA. METHODS Thirty healthy subjects and 30 patients suffering from RA were examined. The patients who showed conditions known to compromise microcirculation, such as diabetes, hypertension, pharmacological treatments, were not included in the group of healthy patients. All the patients were non-smokers. Periodontal capillaroscopy was used to investigate the characteristics of microcirculation. Visibility, course, tortuosity, as well as the possible presence of microhemorrhages, the average caliber of the capillary loops and the number of visible capillary loops per square millimeter were evaluated for each patient. RESULTS Microcirculation architecture in the healthy and in the RA patients was characterized by a network of capillaries in polygonal mesh with parallel orientation as regards the surface. In patients suffering from RA, it was possible to observe a reduced caliber of capillaries, as well as a greater number and elongated capillaries. No significant differences relating to oral capillaroscopic pattern were detected between RA patients that were rheumatoid factor, ANA, RANA positive and RA patients that were rheumatoid factor, ANA, RANA negative. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that capillary alterations in patients suffering from RA occur in periodontal microcirculation; such evidence could be extremely important, suggesting that microvascular periodontal alterations may play a crucial part in the complex activity associated with periodontal disease in AR patients.
Tinzaparin in the treatment of venous thromboembolism

Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has been widely used for the initial treatment of patients presenting with venous thromboembolism. The LMWH, tinzaparin, has been shown in randomised clinical trials to be as effective and safe as unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism and in clinical trials, it has been used in place of warfarin for the long-term treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Tinzaparin can safely be given to patients with significant renal impairment (creatinine clearance of ≥ 20 ml/min) and the dose of tinzaparin does not need to be altered in patients with a body mass index of > 25.
Attitudes towards organ donor advocacy among Swedish intensive care nurses.

OBJECTIVES To explore the attitudes of Swedish intensive care nurses towards organ donor advocacy. BACKGROUND The concept of organ donor advocacy is critical to nurses who care for potential donors in order to facilitate organ donation (OD). DESIGN A retrospective cross-sectional study was employed. METHODS Inclusion criteria in this survey were to be a registered nurse and to work in a Swedish intensive care unit (ICU). Participants were identified by the Swedish association of health professionals. A number of 502 Swedish ICU nurses answered the 32-item questionnaire Attitudes Towards Organ Donor Advocacy Scale (ATODAS), covering the five dimensions of organ donor advocacy: attitudes towards championing organ donation at a structural hospital level, or at a political and research level, attitudes towards actively and personally safeguarding the will and wishes of the potential organ donor, or by using a more professional approach and finally to safeguard the will and wishes of the relatives. Data were analysed with the SPSS version 18·0 and the results were assessed by using Student's t-test and post hoc test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), χ(2) , Pearson's correlation and regression analysis. RESULTS The most favoured advocacy action was safeguarding the POD's will and wishes by a professional approach, closely followed by actively and personally safeguarding the POD's will and wishes. Nurses at local hospitals reported a more positive attitude towards organ donor advocacy overall compared with nurses at larger regional or university hospitals. Important factors leading to positive attitudes were seniority, working experience, participating in conversations with relatives, caring for brain-dead persons and private experiences from OD or organ transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Intensive and critical care nurses with short working experience in university hospitals showed the least positive attitude towards organ donor advocacy. This is problematic because many ODs and all transplantations are performed in university hospitals. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study emphasizes the importance of organizing the care of PODs and their relatives in a way that promotes advocacy.
Dysfunctional Cognitions about Sleep in Psychiatric Patients

The optimal management of sleep problems is a significant challenge, particularly in patients with psychiatric illness, because disturbed sleep is a known risk factor for relapse. This study used the short Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes Scale to assess beliefs about sleep in adults with acute psychiatric disorders (N=100) recruited from inpatient and outpatient clinics. The subjects showed highly dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep and held diverse opinions about, but had low confidence in, their own capacity for optimal sleep management. They did not report excessive daytime sleepiness. We conclude that individuals with acute psychiatric illness worry significantly about their sleep and hold more dysfunctional beliefs about sleep than people without psychiatric illness. The absence of excessive daytime sleepiness in this sample, although counterintuitive, is consistent with findings in other studies. Given that two thirds of the sample expressed interest in non-pharmacological strategies to better manage their sleep problems, cognitive reshaping therapies appear to have clinical potential as alternatives to hypnosedative medication once a comprehensive sleep workup has excluded a physical sleep disorder such as obstructive sleep apnea. Dysfunctional beliefs and high concern about sleep offer potential targets for psychotherapy. (Journal of Psychiatric Practice 2014;20:188–195)