Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Price Discoveries and Volatility Spillovers in S&P CNX Nifty Future and its Underlying Index CNX Nifty

In a perfectly functioning world, every piece of information should be reflected simultaneously in the underlying spot market and its futures markets. However, in reality, information can be disseminated in one market first and then transmitted to other markets due to market imperfections. And, if one market reacts faster to information than the other, a lead-lag relation is observed The lead-lag relationship in returns and volatilities between spot and futures markets is of interest to academics, practitioners, and regulators. In India, there are very few studies which have investigated the lead-lag relationship in the first moment of the spot and futures markets This study investigates the lead-lag relationship in the first moment as well as the second moment between the S&P CNX Nifty and the Nifty future. It also investigates how much of the volatility in one market can be explained by volatility innovations in the other market and how fast these movements transfer between these markets. It conducts Multivariate Cointegration tests on the long-run relation between these two markets. It investigates the daily price discovery process by exploring the common stochastic trend between the S&P CNX Nifty and the Nifty future based on vector error correction model (VECM). It examines the volatility spillover mechanism with a bivariate BEKK model. Finally, this study captures the effects of recent policy changes in the Indian stock market. The results reveal the following: The VECM results show that the Nifty futures dominate the cash market in price discovery. The bivariate BEKK model shows that although the persistent volatility spills over from one market to another market bi-directionally, past innovations originating in future market have the unidirectional significant effect on the present volatility of the spot market. The findings of the study thus suggest that the Nifty future is more informationally efficient than the underlying spot market. These findings may provide insights on the information transaction and index arbitrage between the CNX Nifty and futures markets.
3848 R$165,00

Root system growth and soil structure are interdependent and the threshold of separation between both of them is complex. However, by the evaluation of soil pore space, it is possible to characterize the root system growth environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of conservation management system over time on pore distribution and on root system development of coffee plantation in Cerrado Oxisol, located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Two coffee plantation areas were sampled (3 or 6 years old). Trenches were dug lengthwise along the planting row to expose the root system and the vertical profiles were divided into 0.05 × 0.05 m grid cells (0.70 × 1.50 m grid), totaling 420 sample sites. Digital images were taken and using the computer software Safira, it was measured layers along the soil profile, which was spaced 0.10 m apart. Disturbed and undisturbed soil cores the length, the surface area and the volume of the root system were sampled at 0.20 to 0.34, 0.80 to 0.94, and 1.50 to 1.64 m depths layers, in order to determine particle size, total porosity, and pore size distribution. The 3-years coffee stand had the greatest volume of macropores and the largest number of absorbent roots, besides a noticeable root system growth below 1 m depth. The 6-years old coffee stand presented pores reconfiguration due to increase in the intermediate-sized pores and to the uniform root distribution in both horizontal and vertical directions up to 0.9 m depth.
The tilt of the elevator shaft of bunker Skutina

V roce 2009 probihalo v bunkru Skutina měřeni deformace výtahove sachty od druheho nadzemniho podlaži bunkru do hloubky cca 33 m pod povrch. Tato měřeni ukazala, že kromě slapů se na deformaci tělesa bunkru podili celodenni termoelasticka vlna, zejmena ve směru S-J. Amplituda teto deformace zavisi zejmena na oblacnosti (protiklad osvitu). Ranni a vecerni obraty deformacni křivky jsou zavisle zejmena na době východu Slunce a na geometrii tělesa bunkru (osvitu stěn bunkru) a meně na venkovni teplotě.
3D Chaotic Model for Subgrid Turbulent Dispersion in Large Eddy Simulations

A 3D multiscale kinematic velocity field is introduced as a model to simulate Lagrangian turbulent dispersion. The incompressible velocity field is a nonlinear deterministic function, periodic in space and time, that generates chaotic mixing of Lagrangian trajectories. Relative dispersion properties, for example Richardson’s law, are correctly reproduced under two basic conditions: 1) the velocity amplitudes of the spatial modes must be related to the corresponding wavelengths through the Kolmogorov scaling and 2) the problem of the lack of a “sweeping effect” of the small eddies by the large eddies, common to kinematic simulations, has to be taken into account. It is shown that, as far as Lagrangian dispersion is concerned, the model presented herein can be successfully applied as an additional subgrid contribution for large eddy simulations of the planetary boundary layer flow.
Effect of Glass/Carbon Ratios and Laminate Geometry on Flexural Properties of Glass/Carbon Fiber Hybrid Composites

Hybridization of glass fibers into carbon fibers could be an effective way to improve the failure strain problems of pure carbon composites and to reduce vehicle weight without excessive cost. Relative glass/carbon ratios significantly influences the flexural properties and laminate geometry further optimizes them. Hybrid composite laminates tend to fail more gradually when the relative carbon fiber content is much lower. Carbon fibers fail first due to having a low strain-to-failure resulting in stress drops and the composite continues extending until glass fiber fails finally and hence the catastrophic failure behaviour can be avoided. Keywords-hybrid composites; carbon fiber; glass fiber; flexural properties; hybrid effect; finite element analysis
A family of covering properties

In the first part of this paper I present the main results of my Ph.D. thesis: several proofs of the singular cardinal hypothesis $\SCH$ are presented assuming either a strongly compact cardinal or the proper forcing axiom $\PFA$. To this aim I introduce a family of covering properties which imply both $\SCH$ and the failure of various forms of square. In the second part of the paper I apply these covering properties and other similar techniques to investigate models of strongly compact cardinals or of strong forcing axioms like $\MM$ or $\PFA$. In particular I show that if $\MM$ holds and all limit cardinals are strong limit, then any inner model $W$ with the same cardinals has the same ordinals of cofinality at most $\aleph_1$.
Association between aflatoxin contamination and N2 fixation in peanut under drought conditions

Traits related to nitrogen fixation may be used as indirect selection criteria for aflatoxin resistance in peanut. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between N2 fixation traits and aflatoxin contamination in peanut under different drought conditions. Eleven peanut genotypes were evaluated under three water regimes for two seasons in the field. Data were observed on kernel infection by Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin contamination, total nitrogen content, N2 fixation and its related traits viz. nodule number, nodule dry weight and nitrogenese activity. Drought stress reduced total nitrogen content and N2 fixation, but it increased kernel infection and aflatoxin contamination. Total nitrogen content, N2 fixation and its related traits had negative and significant effects on kernel infection and aflatoxin contamination especially under drought conditions. In addition, negative correlations between kernel infection and aflatoxin contamination with drought tolerance index (DTI) of N2 fixation traits were also found. The results indicated that the ability to maintain high N2 fixation under drought conditions of peanut genotypes can result in better resistance to aflatoxin contamination.
Morphophysiology of Germination among Seeds of Pau-rainha (Centrolobium paraense) Collected in the State of Roraima

This work intended to characterize the seed morphology, water absorption patterns and to determine the vigor among different colored seeds of the species Centrolobium paraense (Fabaceae). For this purpose, samaras which were opened were collected from two sites—Água Boa (AB) and Taiano (TAI) located in the state of Roraima, and the seeds screened by the coat coloration (light brown/intermediate brown/dark brown) for four conditions (two sites and two years of collection). Evaluation of water absorption by the seeds at different periods, mass of 1,000 seeds, water content, electrical conductivity (EC), seedling emergence and emergence velocity (EV) were performed. The water absorption by the seeds of Centrolobium paraense indicates coat permeability to water and distinct absorptions according to coat colorations. The EC test is efficient in determining the physiological quality of seeds of Centrolobium paraense. Seed coat coloration affects the physiological quality of the seeds of Centrolobium paraense. It is possible to distinguish the seeds of AB and TAI into two degrees of physiological quality, the light brown-colored seeds being more vigorous.
Assessment of the Knowledge and Attitude of Pharmaceutical Students Around Self-medication, Common Medicines and DPIC

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and attitude of pharmaceutical students around self-medication, common medicines and Drug and Poison Information Center (DPIC) for the first time. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 204 pharmaceutical students. Data were collected using questionnaire including socio-demographic questions, general and specialized information about Drugs, DPIC, and drugs side effects. All analysis conducted using the SPSS 16.0 software. Results: Of the total 204 participants, 93(45.6%) respondents were males and 111(54.4%) of them were females by the mean age of 22.05 (±1.5). More than half of the respondents (52%) had no information about DPIC and its functions. Approximately 44% of students have a consultation with a pharmacist for drug use. Averagely, only 39.88% of students had suitable drugs information. Significant relationship was observed between age and medicine consultation (P = 0.025). Conclusion: This study showed that the pharmaceutical students had a poor knowledge about the prevalence of using different drugs and DPIC’s functions. Country''s medical system is still facing the problem of uncontrolled usage and also a lack of knowledge, so it is recommended to perform comprehensive studies for finding factors that effect on students’ awareness to improve their academic performance.
Effects of bedrock permeability on hillslope and riparian groundwater dynamics in a weathered granite catchment

To investigate the effects of bedrock permeability on the linkage between hillslope and riparian groundwater in a weathered granite headwater catchment, the groundwater dynamics were studied using intensive hydrometric and tracer observations. Water flow from the hillslope, through the hillslope/riparian interface, and into the riparian zone consists of two components: saturated through flow on the soil‐bedrock interface during storms and groundwater flow within the permeable bedrock occurring year‐round, except during the driest season. Most of the water, which will contribute to the stream, infiltrates the largest part of the catchment and the hillslope area and recharges the deeper groundwater body. Therefore bedrock permeability is an important factor in determining the hillslope‐riparian linkage.
Influence of Hemicellulose Extraction on Water Uptake Behavior of Wood Strands

Hemicellulose is the most hydrophilic and unstable of wood polymers. This study examined the effect of decreasing the amount of hemicellulose in wood on wettability and water uptake behavior of wood strands. Two methods were used for decreasing hemicellulose in wood strands: hot-water extraction and enzyme treatment. Contact angle measurements showed a decrease in wettability of wood strands after hot-water extraction of hemicellulose. These results indicated a decrease in hydrophilic character of wood strands. Amount of water taken up by strands treated with hot-water extraction decreased as percentage of mass loss increased. The enzyme-pretreated wood strands also absorbed water at lower rates compared with untreated samples. Results indicated that hemicellulose has a great influence on water absorption of wood and that decreasing hygroscopocity of wood by extraction of hemicelluloses is possible.
Glacial-Interglacial changes and Holocene variations in Arabian Sea denitrification

Abstract. At present, the Arabian Sea has a permanent oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) at water depths between about 100 and 1200 m. Active denitrification in the upper part of the OMZ is recorded by enhanced δ15 N values in the sediments. Sediment cores show a δ15 N increase during the middle and late Holocene, which is contrary to the trend in the other two regions of water column denitrification in the eastern tropical North and South Pacific. We calculated composite sea surface temperature (SST) and δ15 N ratios in time slices of 1000 years of the last 25 kyr to better understand the reasons for the establishment of the Arabian Sea OMZ and its response to changes in the Asian monsoon system. Low δ15 N values of 4–7 ‰ during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and stadials (Younger Dryas and Heinrich events) suggest that denitrification was inactive or weak during Pleistocene cold phases, while warm interstadials (ISs) had elevated δ15 N. Fast changes in upwelling intensities and OMZ ventilation from the Antarctic were responsible for these strong millennial-scale variations during the glacial. During the entire Holocene δ15 N values > 6 ‰ indicate a relatively stable OMZ with enhanced denitrification. The OMZ develops parallel to the strengthening of the SW monsoon and monsoonal upwelling after the LGM. Despite the relatively stable climatic conditions of the Holocene, the δ15 N records show regionally different trends in the Arabian Sea. In the upwelling areas in the western part of the basin, δ15 N values are lower during the mid-Holocene (4.2–8.2 ka BP) compared to the late Holocene ( 4.2 ka BP) due to stronger ventilation of the OMZ during the period of the most intense southwest monsoonal upwelling. In contrast, δ15 N values in the northern and eastern Arabian Sea rose during the last 8 kyr. The displacement of the core of the OMZ from the region of maximum productivity in the western Arabian Sea to its present position in the northeast was established during the middle and late Holocene. This was probably caused by (i) reduced ventilation due to a longer residence time of OMZ waters and (ii) augmented by rising oxygen consumption due to enhanced northeast-monsoon-driven biological productivity. This concurs with the results of the Kiel Climate Model, which show an increase in OMZ volume during the last 9 kyr related to the increasing age of the OMZ water mass.
Timber certification as a catalyst for change in forest governance in Cameroon, Indonesia, and Peru

ABSTRACT Policy instruments targeting environmental, social, and economic sustainability cover both local and global geographies and stem from both the public and private sectors. These policy instruments do not work in silos but interact throughout the regulatory process. In this paper we discuss interactions between public regulations and private certification that affect how forests are managed in three tropical countries: Indonesia, Cameroon, and Peru. We show how the governance regime in each of the countries has evolved in response to environmental and social issues. We focus on the Forest Stewardship Council’s forest stewardship certification as it is the main global certification scheme in the tropical region and look at its role in attaining sustainability in timber production. Case study results from Indonesia, Cameroon, and Peru indicate that certification influences all stages of the policy process: agenda setting and negotiation; implementation, and monitoring and enforcement. Results also suggest that certification introduces positive changes in management practices and improves social and environmental performance. However, its influence in attaining broader-scale sustainability is limited by a low level of uptake, notably in tropical countries where the costs of getting certified and maintaining certification are high and the certification criteria are rather complex, as well as by some of its inherent characteristics, as it can only solve problems at the forest management unit level. EDITED BY Meine van Noordwijk
Effect of Different Levels of Germinated Barley on Live Performance and Carcass Traits in Broiler Chickens

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of germinated barley (GB) on live performance and carcass traits in broiler chickens. The experiment lasted for 5 weeks starting from 7 days of age and ending at 42 days of age. Chicks (Ross 308) were fed six dietary treatments including a corn–soy diet (corn diet), a barley–soy diet (barley diet), a barley diet plus enzymes (enzyme barley diet), and 3 other diets in which GB was replaced with barley at levels of 33%, 66%, and 100% in the barley diet (33% GB diet, 66% GB diet, and GB diet, respectively). Data were analyzed in a completely randomized design. Results indicated that birds fed a barley diet had significantly lower performance than those fed other diets (P). Supplementing of the barley diet with β-glucanase enzyme as well as replacing GB with barley improved the performance of broilers. Birds fed a GB diet had a significantly higher carcass yield those fed other diets (P). The lowest abdominal fat percentage was observed in birds fed a barley diet or a corn diet. Thus, it is concluded that replacing GB with barley, especially at 33% level, is more effective than supplementing barley diets with β-glucanase enzyme in improving live performance of broiler chickens.
Isolation and characterization of arsenic reducing bacteria from industrial effluents and their potential use in bioremediation of wastewater.

The present study is aimed at assessing the ability of Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter freundii and Bacillus anthracis to reduce arsenate into arsenite. C. freundii and B. anthracis could tolerate As (V) up to 290 mg/l. K. oxytoca resisted As up to 240 mg/l. K. oxytoca and B. anthracis showed optimum growth at pH 7 while C. freundii showed maximum growth at pH 5. C. freundii and B. anthracis showed optimum growth at 37oC while the maximum growth of K. oxytoca was observed at 30oC. K. oxytoca and B. anthracis were found sensitive against ampicillin while C. freundii showed resistance against it. C. freundii and B. anthracis were sensitive to erythromycin, kanamycine, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline while K. oxytoca was found resistant against these antibiotics. All bacterial strains were found to be sensitive to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, neomycine, oxytetracycline, streptomycine, and polymixin B but all bacterial strains showed resistance against bacitracin. In arsC reductase crude assay K. oxytoca, C. freundii and B. anthracis showed high ability to reduce As(V) into As(III) 78%, 70%, and 84%, respectively. The bacterial isolates can be exploited for bioremediation of arsenic containing wastes, since they seem to have the potential to reduce the arsenate into arsenite form.
The serum levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-γ in skin allergy- and measles-induced exanthema.

Macular or maculopapular skin reactions are frequen t events in skin allergies as well as in viral infections. Clinically, the differentiation may be d ifficult in the absence of a clear relationship wit h drug in- take or in the failure to detect measles virus-spec ific antibodies. Studies on drug-specific T cell li nes and T cell clones isolated from skin-allergy patients hav e suggested that these cells may represent a signif icant source of IL-4 and IL-5. On the other hand, viral i nfections are frequently associated with elevated I FN-γ lev- els. Determination of serum cytokine levels helps t o differentiate between skin allergies and virally induced skin eruptions. Forty patients suffering from skin allergy and 40 patients with measles infection ente red the study. Serum IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-γ levels were determined by ELISA assay for skin-all ergy and measles pa- tients. In 37/40 patients with skin allergy, IL-4 w as elevated and in 6/40 patients with skin allergy IFN-γ was measurable. In 29/40 patients with measles infectio n, IFN-γ serum levels were elevated and 32/40 patients with measles had elevated IL-4 levels. IL-5 was inc reased in 32/40 patients with measles infection and in 34/40 patients with skin allergy. These data underl ine the distinct pathogenesis of these morphologica lly simi- lar exanthemas and suggest that a combined analysis of IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-γ might help differentiate skin eruptions.
Multiple regression analysis to estimate height fromdynamic footprint anthropometry in Malaysia Indian sub-ethnic group

Human beings are social animals. The uniqueness human body size would become the basis of what Bertillon would term anthropometry, a system of personal identification based on the theory that no two people were identical in their body measurements. Person identification is a key element in forensic investigation. Footprint is a valuable item of physical evidence encountered in crime scenes that can be used to determine the stature of an individual for the purpose of identification. There is a strong correlation exists between footprint and stature. Researchers have proved that contemporary population specific standards should be used to formulate the accurate biological profile. The present study aimed to derive multiple regression equations to estimate height from dynamic footprints among one of the Malaysian Indian subethnic group, Malayalees living in Malaysia. The study subject consists of 50 males and 60 females from Malaysian Malayalee population living in Malaysia. The footprints and heights were recorded following the standard procedure and derived multiple regression equation to estimate height from footprints for forensic application.
Self-to-prototype similarity as a mediator between gender and students’ interest in learning to code

There is scarcely any other field in which women are so underrepresented as they are in computer sciences. Socio-psychological literature suggests that students are more likely to engage in domains they perceive as fitting their identity (Kessels, Heyder, Latsch & Hannover, 2014). As the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) prototype (e.g. a typical student interested in computer sciences) is linked with agentic-masculine traits (e.g. competitiveness) and not with communal-feminine traits (e.g. helping others), most girls regard STEM subjects as incompatible with their self-view. We investigated whether coding courses for students linked with communal goals were more attractive to girls compared to coding courses associated with agentic goals. We assumed greater self-to-prototype similarity would mediate the link between the students' gender and their interest in learning to code. Based on structural equation modeling with 459 German ninth- and tenth-grade students, our results confirm our hypothesis: girls showed greater interest in learning to code if course descriptions were focused on communal goals, while boys showed greater interest under the agentic-goal condition. As expected, self-to-prototype similarity mediated the relationship between gender and interest in the communal coding course. With regard to the agentic coding course, we found only a partial mediating effect. Our results provide recommendations for the development of STEM interventions that encourage the inclusion of female students.