Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNMENT REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE IN MALAYSIA

The study examines the relationship between government revenue and expenditure in Malaysia. The results of the Dickey and Fuller (1979) and Phillips and Perron (1988) unit root test statistics show that government revenue and expenditure are integrated of order one. The results of the Johansen(1988) and Gregory and Hansen (1996) cointegration methods show that government revenue and expenditure are cointegrated. Thus, there is a longrun relationship between the government revenue and expenditure. The intertemporal budget constraint is not violated and the budget deficit of the Malaysian government is generally said to be sustainable. The results of the Granger-causality test generally show that the government revenue leads to government expenditure in Malaysia.
HPV infection and cervical cancer: a review of screening and preventive strategies in developed countries and brazilian policies

Introduction: Cervical cancer is currently the third malignancy on number of female deaths in the world. Persistent HPV infection is the main agent involved in cervical cancer development, particularly of high risk (HR) HPV types 16 and 18, accountable for approximately 75% of cervical cancer cases. These aspect has increased demand for HPV detection molecular tests. Objectives: To summarise and update the current knowledge on HPV and cervical cancer screening techniques and, also, discuss HPV-related data and screening techniques in Brazil. Methods: We include articles published in the past 10 years, both in English and Portuguese. Scientific search engines as Scopus, Cochrane Library and Pubmed were used for the terms “cervical cancer”, “HPV”, “cervical carcinoma”, “HPV vaccine”. Only research articles and reviews were considered. Results: The most used techniques for HPV detection are PCR and Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2). However, techniques for detection of HPV E6/E7 mRNA and p16INK4a have been developed, which are still being validated. These tests may help distinguish transient from persistent HPV infections. Conclusion: To reduce the number of cervical cancer cases, screening strategies could be adjusted to contain the best combination of cytological and molecular tests. The ideal screening strategy require high sensitivity to minimize false negative results, and high specificity, to avoid false positives and over referral. Optimization may be achieved by using by co-testing, combining HPV genotyping and cytology triage with low-grade intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) or with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US). Besides, strategies to prevent cervical cancer cases include HPV vaccination.
Velocity and concentration profiles of saline and turbidity currents flowing in a straight channel under quasi-uniform conditions

Abstract. We present a series of detailed experimental observations of saline and turbidity currents flowing in a straight channel. Experiments are performed by continuously feeding the channel with a dense mixture until a quasi-steady configuration is obtained. The flume, 12 m long, is characterized by a concrete fixed bed with a uniform slope of 0.005. Longitudinal velocity profiles are measured in ten cross sections, 1 m apart, employing an ultrasound Doppler velocity profiler. We also measure the density of the mixture using a rake of siphons sampling at different heights from the bottom in order to obtain the vertical density distributions in a cross section where the flow already attained a quasi-uniform configuration. We performed 27 experiments changing the flow discharge, the fractional excess density, the character of the current (saline or turbidity) and the roughness of the bed in order to observe the consequences of these variations on the vertical velocity profiles and on the overall characteristics of the flow. Dimensionless velocity profiles under quasi-uniform flow conditions were obtained by scaling longitudinal velocity with its depth averaged value and the vertical coordinate with the flow thickness. They turned out to be influenced by the Reynolds number of the flow, by the relative bed roughness, and by the presence of sediment in suspension. Unexpectedly, the densimetric Froude number of the current turned out to have no influence on the dimensionless velocity profiles.
Evaluation of training using Lokomat ( Hocoma ) ® in physiotherapy process of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy – preliminary report

1 Oddział Rehabilitacji Narządu Ruchu, Mazowieckie Centrum Neuropsychiatrii w Zagórzu k. Warszawy; Rehabilitation Department, Mazovian Neuropsychiatry Center 2 Klinika Kardiologii Oddziału Fizjoterapii, II Wydział Lekarski, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny; Cardiology Clinic of Physiotherapy Division of The 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw 3 Instytut Biologii Doświadczalnej im. Marcelego Nenckiego, Polska Akademia Nauk, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences
Financial Performance of Founder-Managed and Professionally-Managed SMEs : An Empirical Investigation of Lao Trading Firms

We examined a sample of 146 trading SMEs in Lao PDR, to address two important research hypotheses: (1) there is a direct relationship between managerial types and firm’s financial performance; and (2) the relationship between managerial types and firm’s financial performance also depends on size of firm. Using MANOVA method to prove defined evidence, we find that there is no distinction between founder-CEO and professional-CEO on the financial performance. Instead, we argue that the relationship between these variables depend upon the firm size. In addition, we provide the threshold point of financial performance according with firm size change for founder-managed trading SMEs in Lao PDR.
Bookkeeping and Perception of Growth of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in the Cape Coast Metropolis

The role of SMEs in the development of any nation cannot be over-emphasised. Yet their growth into bigger firms is often beset with many challenges. This study sought to examine the perception of business owners about the effect of bookkeeping on the growth of small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in the Cape Coast Metropolis. The study employed the quantitative research method and survey design. The Krejcie and Morgan sample size determination table was used to generate a sample size of 135 SMEs out of the 413 registered SMEs at Cape Coast. A structured survey questionnaire was used in gathering primary data for the study. The simple random sampling method was used and a response rate of 74% of the 135 registered SMEs was generated and analysed. The study found that most SMEs surveyed did not keep complete written records even though majority (74%) of them perceived bookkeeping as an important tool for business growth. The challenges that confronted SMEs owners in bookkeeping were lack of personal knowledge in bookkeeping, lack of record keepers, time and resources constraints among others. The study also found that majority SME owners perceived bookkeeping to have an effect on the growth of SMEs and level of education of SME owners or managers also had a positive relationship with their bookkeeping practices. The study recommended that the National Board for Small Scale Industries (NBSSI) in Ghana should initiate policies that will intensify education of SMEs operators on bookkeeping since many of them lacked personal knowledge in bookkeeping. Business operators were also recommended to go for seminars and training that will improve their record keeping skills. Keywords: SMEs, Bookkeeping, Growth, Cape Coast, Metropolis, NBSSI
An RRG Analysis of Manner Adverbial Mimetics

This study offers a Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) account of the syntax of adverbial mimetics (onomatopoeias and ideophones), which constitute a subset of manner adverbs in Japanese. It examines which syntactic unit(s) a mimetic can modify in the layered structure of the clause; nucleus, core, or clause. English manner adverbs (e.g., cleverly, clumsily) are analyzed as modifiers of the clause or the core (Van Valin & LaPolla 1997). This study argues that Japanese manner adverbial mimetics are likewise categorized dichotomously but the unit they can modify is one layer inward: i.e., the core or the nucleus. The diagnostic tests employed include relative ordering of multiple adjuncts and the scope relation between the mimetic and the core operator. Evidence for including mimetics in the nuclear adverb category comes from the aspectual character of mimetics, their parallel behavior to linked nuclei in a nuclear juncture, and other characteristics that distinguish them from regular core adverbs.
Chemical Composition of Bighorn Winter Forages.

Chemical analysis revealed that the principal forage species which comprised more than 95% of the California bighorn winter diet in the Ashnola watershed (British Columbia) contained sufficient crude protein, fat, fiber, ash, nitrogen-free extract, and calcium for maintenance. However, by the same standards, all species and notably the grasses, were deficient in phosphorus. Low phosphorus and moderate calcium levels produced unfavorable calcium: phosphorus ratios by mid winter. Columbia needlegrass, a principal increaser species and an unimportant item in the bighorn winter diet, was inferior to the other species investigated. Bluebunch wheatgrass, a decreaser species and the most important bighorn food species, appeared to be the most nutritious grass.
EVALUATION OF LACTICIN ADDITION ON GAS PRODUCTION KINETICS AND RUMEN METHANOGENESIS in Vitro

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of a novel bacteriocin, i.e. lacticin 3147, ongas production kinetics and methane emission under in vitro rumen environment in two consecutiveexperiments. In experiment 1, either no or 10 µM of lacticin was added to hay or hay:concentrate (1:1,w/w) substrate. In experiment 2, the levels of lacticin additions were extended to 0, 10, 25 and 50 µM. Samples were incubated in three replicates in both experiments at 39oC for 24 h. Total gas productionand methane emission were measured during and after the incubation, respectively. Results revealedthat, in general, addition of lacticin had limited significant effects on gas production parameterscompared to control (without lacticin addition). Lacticin addition up to 50 µM did not significantlydecrease CH4 emission, although a tendency of methane reduction existed when lacticin was added at 25µM. Hay diet produced significantly less methane emission than that of hay:concentrate diet both inexperiment 1 and experiment 2 (P<0.05). It can be concluded that lacticin addition up to 50 µM wasunable to decrease CH4 emission in vitro and therefore need to be tested further at higher concentrations.
Cognitive Plasticity: Findings from Cognitive Training Studies

Human development has been shown to be modifi able at all phases in the lifespan, although the range of modifi ability may vary by chronological age and life experiences. Cognitive Plasticity is concerned with the individual's capacity to acquire cognitive skills and may be assessed in both brain structure and behavior. Cognitive Plasticity in cognitive aging research has most frequently been examined through short-term cognitive training studies, examining the range of modifi ability of cognition through intervention procedures. Findings from cognitive training research both within the Seattle Longitudinal Study and the ACTIVE clinical trial of cognitive intervention are reported. These cognitive training studies have reported that the majority of community-dwelling older adults can improve their cognitive ability through brief training programs; there are wide individual differences in responsiveness to training. Training is effective both for older adults who have declined in their ability and those with no cognitive decline. Cognitive training effects have been maintained over several years. There are limitations and constraints on cognitive plasticity. Chronic health conditions may moderate the effi cacy of cognitive interventions, and only modest training effects have been found for older adults with cognitive impairment such as dementia. Future research on cognitive training and plasticity should examine the effi cacy of interventions for maintaining everyday activities. Multiple cognitive abilities are involved in everyday tasks, and thus cognitive cross training across abilities may be required. With aging, the individual needs to set priorities on the abilities and activities of most importance to the individual and choose challenging activities that one enjoys and will engage in
ADAPTIVE THRESHOLD BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION FOR DETECTING MOVING OBJECT ON CONVEYOR BELT

Moving object detection is an important task in many computer vision classifications applications. The goal of this study is to identify a moving object detection method that provides a reliable and accurate identification of objects on the conveyor belt. In this paper, a study of the moving object detection methods is presented. Firstly, moving object detection pixel by pixel was performed using background subtraction, frame difference method. The threshold value in both background subtraction and frame difference is a fixed value, which determines the accuracy of object identification. The adaptive threshold values were calculated for both the methods to improve the accuracy. The performance of these methods was compared with the ground truth image.
Macroeconomic Variables, Firm-Specific Variables and Returns to REITs

This study investigates the cross-sectional variation in equity real estate investment trusts (EREITs) returns. A pooled cross-sectional, time-series approach is used as an alternative to the two-step Fama-MacBeth regression. With pooling, more powerful tests can be obtained from the limited sample of EREITs available. Beta does not explain return variation. Size is the sole consistent factor explaining prices. None of the variables of Chen, Roll and Ross (1986) is significant when size and book-to-market variables are included in the model. Only the unanticipated change in term structure is significant in versions of the model that exclude firm-specific variables.
BOARD DIVERSITY AND EFFECTIVENESS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ROLE OF THE CHAIR

This paper examines how social (ethnic and gender) diversity influences board effectiveness and impacts the role of the chair. It draws on semi-structured interviews with New Zealand board members from two company types stated-owned enterprises (SOEs) and public listed companies (PLCs) where the former has greater social diversity around the board table. Few prior studies of board effectiveness have accessed the views of board members via interviews, or compared directors’ perspectives from companies of similar size but differing board diversity. The findings reveal that members of SOE boards, where there is greater social diversity, saw negative director characteristics (character and attitude) and weak board relationships as strongly negative influences on board effectiveness. This group also identified poor boardroom practice (i.e. failing to achieve a boardroom atmosphere that fosters quality debate and effective decision making) as having a significant, negative impact on board outcomes. While board members in both company types saw the chair as a key influence on both board effectiveness and ineffectiveness, the ways in which the chair was seen to exert that influence differed between the company types, suggesting that diversity impacts the role of the chair as leader of the board***.
The Impact of Voluntary Corporate Disclosures on the Ex Ante Cost of Capital for Swiss Firms

The relationship between disclosure quality and cost of equity capital is an important topic in today's economy. In general, economic theory and anecdotal evidence suggest a negative association. Empirical work on this link, however, is confronted with major methodological drawbacks - neither disclosure level nor cost of capital can be observed directly - and has documented somewhat confounding results so far. Adopting a finite horizon version of the residual income model, I provide evidence on the nature of the above relationship and try to quantify the effect of a firm's voluntary disclosure policy on its implied cost of capital. Switzerland seems especially suited for an analysis of this kind given that Swiss firms have considerable reporting discretion and the mandated level of disclosure is low. For a cross-sectional sample of seventy-three non-financial companies I show a negative and highly significant association between the two variables. The magnitude is such that the most forthcoming firms enjoy about a 1.8 to 2.4% cost advantage over the least forthcoming firms. The findings persist even after controlling for other potentially influential variables, e.g. risk characteristics and firm size. Furthermore, adjusting for self-selection bias - a major concern in disclosure studies - the marginal effect remains of the same direction and even increases in magnitude, although at lower levels of statistical significance. One reason for the strong relationship might be found in differing institutional factors between the US and Swiss capital markets.
Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in enwan a rural community in Akoko – Edo local government area, Edo state, Nigeria

The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in Enwan, a rural community of Edo state, Nigeria was study with a total of 300 individuals volunteering to take part in the investigation for the present of Schistosoma haematobium ovas in their urine samples. Of this total samples which comprises of 193 (64.3%) males and 107 (35.7%) females examined for the presence ova of S. haematobium in their urine using centrifugation technique, overall, 130 (43.3%) had the eggs of S. haematobium in their urine and which was graded as light infection (< 50 ova/10ml) and heavy infection (≥ 50 ova /10ml) of urine. A total of 75 (57.7%) had light infection while 55(42.3%) had heavy infection for S. haematobium. Thirty one (37.3%) had heavy infection while 52(62.7%) light infection of 83(63.9%) positive males for S. haematobium. Twenty four (51.1%) had heavy infection while 23(48.9%) had light infection of 47(36.1%) positive females for S. haematobium. Males had the highest to the lowest prevalence rate at age between 16 – 20years 37(71.2%), 26 – 30 years 17(44.7%), 11 – 15years 13(30.2%) and 21 – 25years 16(26.7%) in that order, Females had the highest to the lowest prevalence rate at age11 – 15years 6(66.7%), 16 – 20years 25(62.5%), 21 – 25years 10(33.3%) and 26 – 30years 6(21.4%) in that order. Male’s prevalence rate when compared to that of female showed no significant difference in the surveyed population.
Development and field test of an on-line computerized instrumentation system for air velocity, temperature and differential pressure measurements in poultry houses

Experimental research on airflow patterns and thermal comfort in livestock buildings require the development of an on-line multi-point computerized system for environmental measurements. The characteristics, development and tests of such equipment are described in this article. The system was based on a laptop, a data acquisition card with 16 input channels and a set of air temperature, air velocity and differential pressure sensors. Sensors were resistance temperature detectors for temperature and air velocity measurements. The accuracy of the computerized sensing system after calibration was, for air velocity measurements, 0.05 m s–1 in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 m s–1, and from 0.03 to 0.14 m s–1 in the range of 1.5 to 7 m s–1; 0.2°C for air temperature measurements; and 5 Pa for pressure measurements. The system has been used in several research studies in commercial poultry buildings and the developed system has been proven to be robust and stable.
The role of “other information” in analysts’ forecasts in understanding stock return volatility

This study identifies “other information” in analysts’ forecasts as a legitimate proxy for future cash flows and examines its incremental role in explaining stock return volatility. We suggest that “other information” contains information about fundamentals beyond that reflected in current financial statements and reflects firms’ fundamentals on a more timely basis than dividends or earnings. Using standardized regressions, we find volatility increases when current “other information” is more uncertain and increases more in response to unfavorable news compared to favorable news. Variance decomposition analysis shows that the variance contribution of “other information” dominates that of expected-return news. The incremental role of “other information” is at least half of the effect of earnings in explaining future volatility. The results are more pronounced for firms with poor information environments. Overall, our results highlight the importance of including “other information” as an additional cash-flow proxy in future studies of stock prices and volatility.
Conceptualizing the Dynamics of Employee Information and Consultation: Evidence from the Republic of Ireland

The debate concerning the emerging regulatory environment for employee voice continues apace, in particular the requirements to inform and consult employees as a result of the European Employee Information and Consultation Directive. This article examines the processes used to inform and consult employees across 15 case studies in the Republic of Ireland. It evaluates different voice arrangements using a conceptual framework that seeks to capture the dynamics of different employee voice schemes across union and non-union companies. The findings suggest that participation is more robust when the channels for information and consultation accommodate both conflictual and cooperative processes. It is shown that robust forms of participation are more likely through processes that facilitate independent representation. The evidence also shows that some employers may devise their own counterbalancing forms of (pseudo) consultation, in an attempt to minimise the impact of regulatory rights for employee voice.
Zeta Functions for Anosov flows

Dynamical zeta functions, by analogy with their more famous counterparts in number theory, are a useful tool to study certain types of dynamical systems. An important application is to the geodesic flow on a negatively curved surface. For surfaces of constant negative curvature the properties of the Selberg zeta function have been well understood for over half a century. However, understanding the properties of the corresponding zeta function for the more general setting of surfaces of variable negative curvature benefits from this more dynamical viewpoint. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). Primary 37C30; Secondary 11M36.
Using Mendeley to Support Collaborative Learning in the Classroom.

The purpose of this study was to explore the use of Mendeley, a free online reference management and academic networking software, as a collaborative tool in the college classroom. Students in two iterations of a graduate class used Mendeley to collaborate on a policy research project over the course of a semester. The project involved collaborative critique of an article, finding and annotating additional relevant literature, synthesizing all group articles, and creating individual policy briefs. We investigated how students used the software, tracking individual contributions and reviewing final student projects. We used survey data to gauge student experience with Mendeley. We discovered that in addition to facilitating collaboration, Mendeley was useful for organizing the material for the group project. The survey also revealed that there is a learning curve with Mendeley, which may prevent students from taking full advantage of Mendeley as a collaboration and reference tool. Our study suggests that Mendeley can be used as a platform to facilitate learning through classroom collaboration.