Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A stable Faroe Bank Channel overflow 1995–2015

Abstract. The Faroe Bank Channel (FBC) is the deepest passage across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge (GSR) and there is a continuous deep flow of cold and dense water passing through it from the Arctic Mediterranean into the North Atlantic and further to the rest of the world ocean. This FBC overflow is part of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), which has recently been suggested to have weakened. From November 1995 to May 2015, the FBC overflow has been monitored by a continuous ADCP (acoustic Doppler current profiler) mooring, which has been deployed in the middle of this narrow channel. Combined with regular hydrography cruises and several short-term mooring experiments, this allowed us to construct time series of volume transport and to follow changes in the hydrographic properties and density of the FBC overflow. The mean kinematic overflow, derived solely from the velocity field, was found to be (2.2 ± 0.2) Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) with a slight, but not statistically significant, positive trend. The coldest part, and probably the bulk, of the FBC overflow warmed by a bit more than 0.1 °C, especially after 2002, increasing the transport of heat into the deep ocean. This warming was, however, accompanied by increasing salinities, which seem to have compensated for the temperature-induced density decrease. Thus, the FBC overflow has remained stable in volume transport as well as density during the 2 decades from 1995 to 2015. After crossing the GSR, the overflow is modified by mixing and entrainment, but the associated change in volume (and heat) transport is still not well known. Whatever effect this has on the AMOC and the global energy balance, our observed stability of the FBC overflow is consistent with reported observations from the other main overflow branch, the Denmark Strait overflow, and the three Atlantic inflow branches to the Arctic Mediterranean that feed the overflows. If the AMOC has weakened during the last 2 decades, it is not likely to have been due to its northernmost extension – the exchanges across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge.
By-Products as Protein Source for Lactating Grasscutters

The potential of grasscutters ( Thryonomys swinderianus temminck ) as a source of animal protein can be exploited with better understanding of its nutrient requirement. An experiment was conducted to determine the protein requirement of lactating grasscutters fed agro-industrial by-products namely; wheat offal and soybean meal. Sixteen 13 months old lactating grasscutters, in groups of four, were randomly allotted to four treatment diets formulated to respectively supply 10, 14, 18 and 22% crude protein (CP). Performance in respect of weight of does at end of lactation, daily weight gain of pups, daily weight gain of doe and litter, weaning weight of pups, feed conversion ratio, and cost to gain ratio, were significantly (P<0.05) higher on the 22% CP diet. The daily weight loss of does and percentage mortality among pups were significantly lower on the 22% CP diet. Though the percentage mortality among pups was significantly (P<0.05) higher, the litter size weaned was significantly (P<0.05) higher on the 18% diet. Given the overall economic importance of low mortality rate in the expansion of farm animal populations and profitability thereof, these results suggest that 22% is the optimum crude protein level for lactating grasscutters, when industrial by-products, soybean meal and wheat offal, are used as dietary supplements.
Neuromyelitis optica like lesions in the central nervous system of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis rats

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) ist eine schwerwiegende Autoimmunerkrankung die durch Entzundung, den Verlust von Astrocyten und starker Demyelinisierung in den zentralen Nervensystem (ZNS) charakterisiert ist. Die Hauptangriffspunkte dieser Erkrankung sind die graue Substanz in dem Ruckenmark und der optische Nerv. NMO Patienten leiden an Schmerzen, Sehstorungen, Verlust von motorischen und sensorischen Fahigkeiten als auch an Symptomen die in Zusammenhang mit dem autonomen Nervensystem assoziiert werden wie z.B. Erbrechen und Schluckauf. Es wurde fur lange Zeit erachtet, dass NMO ein Subtyp von Multiple Sklerose (MS) ist, allerdings mit deutlichem klinischem, radiologischem und neuropathologischen Erscheinungsbild. Ein diagnostischer Durchbruch fur die Charakterisierung dieser Krankheit ist das Vorhandensein von dem spezifischen Autoantikorper welcher den Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) Wasserkanal als Ziel hat. Dieser anti-AQP4 Antikorper ist mit bis 98% hoch spezifisch fur NMO und kommt in mehr als 75% aller NMO Patienten vor. AQP4 ist der haufigste Wasserkanal im ZNS und ist vorwiegend auf den subpialen astrocytischen Fortsatzen welche die Glia limitans formen, auf den ependymalen und subependymalen Fortsatzen und an den perivaskularen astrocytischen Endfusen exprimiert. Es ist noch immer nicht ganz aufgeklart was die Produktion dieser AQP4 spezifischen Antikorper einleitet, wie diese Antikorper die Blut-Hirn-Schranke passieren und welche Mechanismen genau hinter der Entstehung der Lasionen stecken. Weiterst scheint es, dass die NMO Immunglobuline (IgG) aus verschiedenen Patienten unterschiedliche Segmente des supramolekularen Komplexes von AQP4 erkennen und mit unterschiedlicher Affinitat an den AQP4 Wasserkanal binden. In dieser Arbeit habe ich die NMO IgG Seren aus acht verschiedenen Patienten in experimentellen autoimmune encephalpmyelitis Ratten, auf ihr Vermogen NMO Lasionen im Ruckenmark und Cortex zu erzeugen, untersucht. Weiterst habe ich die Interaktion von dem Immune System (IS) mit den anti-AQP4 spezifischen Antikorper in NMO ahnlichen Lasion im EAE Tiermodell beschrieben. Interessanterweise fand ich heraus, dass eine der MBP T Zell Linien, welche wir fur die Induktion der EAE verwendet haben, starke astrocytische Degeneration, ohne das Vorhandensein von humanem NMO IgG, verursacht.
Yield differentials among participating and non-participating rice farmers in public/private partnership in Benue and Ogun states, Nigeria

The shortfall in domestic rice production in Nigeria has been attributed to inadequate provision of productivity-enhancing agricultural support services to rice farmers. Input supply and guaranteed market that entrenched the shortfall are the focus of the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) arrangement in rice production. The extent to which this has impacted on rice production was investigated in this study. Respondents totaling 235 from two rice producing states in Nigeria were purposively sampled. The respondents were further grouped into two, namely: participating farmers (PFs) and non-participating farmers (NPFs). Data relating to preferred sources of market information, perception on enabling policy environment for PPP to thrive, level of access to agricultural support services, and yield from rice production were obtained from the respondents. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis and chow test at a0.05. The results show that both PFs and NPFs still relied on traditional sources to access market information. PFs had higher access to improved rice varieties, guaranteed market and extension services delivery than NPFs. The results of chow test show that the impacts of the explanatory variables were not the same across the two groups. Quantity of seeds and farm size contributed to reduction in quantum of yield gap for PFs, while farmers' age, access and timeliness of agricultural support services provision were for NPFs. Participating farmers had higher crop yield than nonparticipating farmers. Adequate supply of seeds aided the yield of participating farmers. Nonparticipating farmers had to utilize more quantity of fertilizers to have appreciable yield. Keywords: Agricultural support services, Yield differentials, Rice production, Public private partnership
Microfoundations of dynamic capabilities for innovation: a review and research agenda

Abstract This paper provides a conceptual overview of the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities for innovation. A critical evaluation of dynamic capabilities theory highlights its contested nature and significant limitations in its application. Notably, there is little understanding of the mechanisms determining the origin and evolution of dynamic capabilities, while the role of employees has been neglected. In an effort to address this deficiency, the paper draws on literature from HRM and innovation management to trace the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities for innovation. This highlights the importance of incorporating the perspectives and motivation of employees as a central part of analysis and as a basis for more direct managerial interventions in building capabilities.
A Computer-Based Technology To Assist in Developing School Improvement

This paper outlines reasons why current school improvement efforts in the Miami-Dade (Florida) school district are inadequate and offers an approach that will both build on the formal structure already in place and add a methodology to make it more effective. The text focuses on the field of system dynamics and how this method of analyzing features of complex, interconnected actions can help principals. The narrative examines school-originated improvement efforts and what principals can do to improve their schools, particularly if their schools are among those designated as Low Performing Schools. It looks at the school as an organization and a system and how solutions to problems are apt to be counterintuitive. Suggestions for enhancing the improvement process are offered, and the text outlines how principals can use theory in making decisions in complex systems. It looks at an idealized school-improvement scenario in which objectives guided by research and dynamic analysis might reflect an underlying strategy based on an understanding of a complex process. The scenario illustrates how peer influence, peer-interaction patterns, and group characteristics can affect a school. Overall, the system-dynamic approach offers a sophisticated technology to mobilize local knowledge, expertise, and plans. (Contains 47 references.) (RJM) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** A Computer-based Technology to Assist in Developing School Improvement Strategies
Corporate Governance, Financing Patterns and the Cost of Capital: Evidence from New Zealand Companies

In this paper, we examine the effects of corporate governance on the financing policies of New Zealand firms for the period 2004-2008. Using a comprehensive corporate governance index and its sub parts, and employing the Fama and French (1999) methodology of financing model of firms, we find that firms with weak corporate governance have more debt in their capital structure and higher cost of capital compared to firms with strong governance. We further observe that firms with different levels of corporate governance quality use different corporate governance mechanisms in relation to their financing policies, more specifically different leverage levels are used in conjunction with governance aspects such as compensation policy and shareholder rights.
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE AND WORK PRACTICES AMONG ETHYLENE OXIDE STERILIZATION WORKERS

Introduction: Ethylene Oxide (EtO) is a colorless flammable, gas or liquid. In the health care setting, EtO is commonly used for sterilizing heat- and moisture-sensitive medical equipment to prevent health-care associated infections. Aim of work: To assess the Ethylene Oxide (EtO) occupational exposure and work practices among the EtO sterilization workers. Materials and methods: This study included 28 hospital EtO sterilization workers and 32 controls, all of them filled self-administered questionnaire including questions on their demographic characteristics, work experience, and associated symptoms with special attention to pulmonary, digestive, neurologic, hematologic, reproductive, dermatologic and ophthalmologic symptoms. Liver, kidney and ventilatory function tests were carried out for all participants. Work practices of the EtO sterilization workers were assessed. Moreover, EtO 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) and short term 15 minutes personal monitoring were measured. Results: Both 8- hour TWA and short term 15 minutes personal monitoring of the EtO sterilization workers were below the OSHA recommended EtO levels and proper work practices were followed by the workers but 30% of them were not fit tested for respirators use. The study revealed insignificant difference between the EtO sterilization workers and the controls concerning clinical symptoms, liver, kidney and ventilatory function tests. However, the mean of the white blood cells and the lymphocytes absolute numbers were higher among EtO sterilization workers compared to that of the controls, but within the normal range. Conclusion: Routine monitoring of EtO sterilizers; training, proper work practices and periodic medical evaluation of the EtO sterilization workers are important preventive measures to protect them from the harmful effects of EtO. Further research is recommended to study the health effects of EtO exposure at levels below the OSHA 8-hour TWA for EtO
Feeding of Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus) off Iceland – Diurnal and Seasonal Variation and Possible Rates

Information on relative quantities of food remains found in fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) caught off Iceland in 1967–89 are presented. In 1986–89 attempts were made to quantify these assessments in terms of weight and volumetric capacity of the stomachs. A forestomach visually assessed as full normally contained 5–600 kg of krill, the maximum being 760 kg in the present study (n = 34). The forestomach content was analysed in relation to seasonal and diurnal patterns in feeding activity. Daytime feeding rates declined with the progression of the season, especially in August–September. Pronounced diurnal fluctuations were found in the quantity of forestomach content peaking at 0000–0600 hr, but some feeding activity continued throughout the day. Diurnal variation of food remains found in different parts of the digestive tract suggested that the mean passage time from the forestomach to the fundic chamber was 3–6 hr, and that from the forestomach to the anus around 15–18 hr. The calculated daily feeding rates for fin whales in June–July were between 677 and 1 356 kg, assuming 6 and 3 hr evacuation rates in the forestomach, respectively. The latter value fitted better with studies on seasonal fattening of fin whales off Iceland.
Factors affecting gene transformation in embryogenic callus of oil palm by bombardment technique.

The study on chemical and physical factors affecting gene transformation in embryogenic callus (EC) of oil palm was conducted using bombardment technique. EC was bombarded with gold particles (1.0 μm of particle size) coated with plasmid pCAMBIA 1301 (1.5 μg/μl) which harboring gus and hpt gene used as screenable and selectable marker genes, respectively. The results revealed that an optimal conditions of physical factors for gene transformation in EC were bombardment at 5 kg/cm 2 , 10 cm working distance and -0.1 MPa vacuum pressure. Those factors gave the highest transient expression of gus gene at 65.74%, 62.33% and 66.22%, respectively. The effect of chemical factors affecting to gene transformation in EC revealed that pre-cultured EC on MS medium supplemented with 0.3 M mannitol and 0.3 M sorbitol under dark condition for 16 h gave transient expression of gus gene at 68.75%. Post-cultured bombarded EC on the same medium and condition for 24 h gave the highest transient expression of gus gene at 38.63%. These expressions were stable until one month of culture. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed gus gene at 441 bp and hpt gene at 800 bp in genome of transformed plants.
A maximal function characterization of weighted Besov-Lipschitz and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces

We give characterizations of weighted Besov-Lipschitz and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces with A00 weights via a smooth kernel which satisfies "minimal" moment and Tauberian conditions. The results are stated in terms of the mixed norm of certain maximal function of a distribution in these weighted spaces. A maximal function characterization of weighted Besov-Lipschitz and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces H. -Q. Bui M. Paluszynsld * M.H. Taibleson t September 9, l994 Abstract We give characterizations of weighted Besov-Lipschitz and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces with A00 weights via a smooth kernel which satisfies "minimal" moment and Tauberian conditions. The results are stated in terms of the mixed norm of certain maximal function of a distribution in these weighted spaces.We give characterizations of weighted Besov-Lipschitz and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces with A00 weights via a smooth kernel which satisfies "minimal" moment and Tauberian conditions. The results are stated in terms of the mixed norm of certain maximal function of a distribution in these weighted spaces.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FLATFOOT AND Q ANGLE IN MALE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FLATFOOT AND Q ANGLE IN MALE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENT Mohamed N. AlKhouli *1, Anees S. Ghait 2, Amr A.Abogazya 3. *1 Department of Growth& Development disorders and its Surgery in Pediatric, Delta University for Science and Technology, Egypt. 2Department of Biomechanics, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt. 3 Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
Spectrophotometric time series of SN 2011fe from the Nearby Supernova Factory

We present 32 epochs of optical (3300‐9700 A) spectrophotometric observations of the nearby quintessential “normal” type Ia supernova (SN Ia) SN 2011fe in the galaxy M101, extending from 15 to + 97 d with respect to B-band maximum, obtained by the Nearby Supernova Factory collaboration. SN 2011fe is the closest ( = 29:04) and brightest (Bmax = 9:94 mag) SN Ia observed since the advent of modern large scale programs for the intensive periodic followup of supernovae. Both synthetic light curve measurements and spectral feature analysis attest to the normality of SN 2011fe. There is very little evidence for reddening in its host galaxy. The homogeneous calibration, intensive time sampling, and high signal-to-noise ratio of the data set make it unique. Thus it is ideal for studying the physics of SN Ia explosions in detail, and for furthering the use of SNe Ia as standardizable candles for cosmology. Several such applications are shown, from the creation of a bolometric light curve and measurement of the 56 Ni mass, to the simulation of detection thresholds for unburned carbon, direct comparisons with other SNe Ia, and existing spectral templates.
The maintenance of elevated active chlorine levels in the Antarctic lower stratosphere through HCl null cycles

Abstract. The Antarctic ozone hole arises from ozone destruction driven by elevated levels of ozone destroying ( active ) chlorine in Antarctic spring. These elevated levels of active chlorine have to be formed first and then maintained throughout the period of ozone destruction. It is a matter of debate how this maintenance of active chlorine is brought about in Antarctic spring, when the rate of formation of HCl (considered to be the main chlorine deactivation mechanism in Antarctica) is extremely high. Here we show that in the heart of the ozone hole (16–18 km or 85–55 hPa, in the core of the vortex), high levels of active chlorine are maintained by effective chemical cycles (referred to as HCl null cycles hereafter). In these cycles, the formation of HCl is balanced by immediate reactivation, i.e. by immediate reformation of active chlorine. Under these conditions, polar stratospheric clouds sequester HNO3 and thereby cause NO2 concentrations to be low. These HCl null cycles allow active chlorine levels to be maintained in the Antarctic lower stratosphere and thus rapid ozone destruction to occur. For the observed almost complete activation of stratospheric chlorine in the lower stratosphere, the heterogeneous reaction HCl + HOCl is essential; the production of HOCl occurs via HO2 + ClO, with the HO2 resulting from CH2O photolysis. These results are important for assessing the impact of changes of the future stratospheric composition on the recovery of the ozone hole. Our simulations indicate that, in the lower stratosphere, future increased methane concentrations will not lead to enhanced chlorine deactivation (through the reaction CH4 + Cl ⟶ HCl + CH3) and that extreme ozone destruction to levels below ≈ 0.1 ppm will occur until mid-century.
Protective Effect of Carvacrol on Renal Functional and Histopathological Changes in Gentamicin-Induced-Nephrotoxicity in Rats

1. Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 2. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 3. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 4. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
Effects of Retirement and Lifetime Earnings Profile on Health Investment

We report the results of experiments where in each period of her lifetime the subject must choose how to allocate real earned income between health investment and life enjoyment in each period of a nine-period life in order to maximize aggregate life enjoyment. The key dynamic optimization challenge of the experiment to subjects derives from the fact that investments in health affect future income, but detract from current consumption. Our experimental results show that subjects were successful at reproducing the qualitative predictions of the theoretical model, investing more in health in the absence of retirement and with increasing income profiles. However, we did observe a systematic bias in health investments, being less than optimal in early periods and greater than optimal in late periods of life. We also found a significant effect due to social groupings. These results highlight the potential of lab experiments as a method to study health decisions and understand their determinants.
Waste Heat Energy Harvesting Using Olsen Cycle on PZN-5.5PT Single Crystals

This paper reports on direct thermal to electrical energy conversion by performing the Olsen (or Ericsson) cycle on [001]-poled 0.945PbZn1/3Nb2/3O3-0.055PbTiO3 (PZN-5.5PT) single crystals. The cycle consists of two isothermal and two constant electric field processes. The energy density was found to decrease with increasing cycle frequency while the power density increased. The maximum energy density obtained was 150 J/L/cycle for temperatures between 100 and 190oC and electric field between 0 and 1.2 MV/m at frequency 0.034 Hz. The maximum power density reached 11.7 W/L at 0.1 Hz for temperatures between 100 and 190oC and electric fields between 0.2 and 1.5 MV/m. Moreover, the dielectric constant and saturation polarization of PZN-5.5PT are reported for the first time at 0.1 Hz for temperatures between 100 and 190oC. Finally, the experimental results agree relatively well with predictions by a recently developed temperature-dependent property model already validated with PMN-32PT. Inter-sample variability and sample durability are also discussed.
Good Firms, Worker Flows and Productivity

I present direct evidence on the role of firm-to-firm labor mobility in enhancing the productivity of firms located near highly productive firms. Using matched employer-employee and balance sheet data for the Veneto region of Italy, I identify a set of high-wage firms (HWF) and show they are more productive than other firms. I then show that hiring a worker with HWF experience increases the productivity of other (non-HWF) firms. A simulation indicates that worker flows explain 10-15 percent of the productivity gains experienced by other firms when HWFs in the same industry are added to a local labor market.