Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feeding reduction, reproductive failure, and mortality in Mytilus edulis during the 1985 "brown tide" in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island.

During summer 1985, reduced feeding, reproductive failure and massive mortalities were observed in populations of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis during an extremely dense algal bloom (106 cells ml-l) in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island (USA). The dominant alga was an extremely small (1 to 211m diameter) non-flagellated chrysophycean form previously unobserved in coastal or offshore waters. Effects of the alga on clearance rates of mussels were tested using natural particulates (NBP) collected from Narragansett Bay during the bloom. Reductions in clearance rate were independent of cell size and extra-cellular exudates of the bloom alga. Experiments repeated with the hard shell clam Mercenaria mercenaria produced similar clearance rate responses. In examining density-dependent effects, NBP concentrations below 2.5 X 10' particles ml-' allowed normal clearance of a food alga (Isochrysis galbana) and NBP, while significant reductions in the clearance of food algae were observed at NBP concentrations above 5.0 X 10' particles ml-l. In Narragansett Bay, NBP densities ~ncreased from 9 X 10' cells ml-' at seaward stations to above 15 X 105 cells ml-' in the upper bay. High mortality in indigenous mussels was coincident with peak bloom conditions, varylng from 30 to 100 YO at stations along the main axis of the bay. In addition, complete reproductive failure of the population was apparent. This effect could not otherwise be explained by environmental conditions of temperature, salinity or dissolved oxygen concentration. It is concluded that starvation stress induced by noxious properties of the bloom alga in combination with seasonal effects (reproductive stage, temperature) was the cause of the demise of M. edulis.
EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD FROM MOBILE PHONE ON CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Devices such as mobile phones, wireless internet modems, and radios and televisions, which occupy an important place in social life, produce electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Widespread use of these devices in daily life increases the intensity of exposure to EMFs on a day to day basis. Investigation of the effects on health of devices such as mobile phones used in close proximity to the body is attracting considerable interest from scientists. Mobile phones manufactured using the latest technology operate in a high frequency range (300–3000 MHz). This further heightens concerns regarding the effect of mobile phones on human health. Most Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) operators in Europe, Asia, and Africa use a frequency of 900 MHz. With the rapid development of electronic information and communication techniques, exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) has increased dramatically. Some studies have focused on the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation. Microwave radiation has been reported as producing adverse effects in the central nervous system (CNS), including headache, sleep disorders, anxiety, cognitive dysfunction and neurogenesis impairment in both humans and animals. However, the direct effects of microwave radiation on neurodevelopment and the underlying mechanisms for any such effects remain unknown. As per today’s global scenario use of mobile phone is increasing day by day for communication. Due to its constant use, the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted from the cell phone, base station and other household appliances cause adverse effects on human health. There is an increase concern about the interaction of EMR generated from mobile phones, with the human organs specially with brain because of its close and long proximity to human brain during the mobile usage. Concerns have shown whether these exposures could have effect on brain and central nervous system (CNS).
The Contingency Factors Affecting Management Accounting in Czech Companies

Management accounting practices and the contingency factors affecting their application were subject of many complex studies, but none of them was carried out in the Czech Republic. That is why the article focuses on practices applied in Czech companies. Four different categories of management accounting practices (cost classifications, operational budgeting, operational performance reporting and strategic management accounting methods) were investigated based on survey data from companies domiciled in the Czech Republic. To get comparable results, respondents of the survey were asked questions developed and used by the other researchers (Henri 2006, Jansen et al. 2006, Widener 2007) for identification of significant contingency factors in the countries with developed markets. Factor and regression analyses were applied to process data gathered through survey. Results confirm that the Czech Republic - although sometimes considered to be economy with emerging markets - shows similar significant contingency factors affecting management accounting (MA) practices as companies in the developed countries do.
The Stripe 82 Massive Galaxy Project. III. A Lack of Growth among Massive Galaxies

The average stellar mass (M*) of high-mass galaxies ( ) is expected to grow by ∼30% since , largely through ongoing mergers that are also invoked to explain the observed increase in galaxy sizes. Direct evidence for the corresponding growth in stellar mass has been elusive, however, in part because the volumes sampled by previous redshift surveys have been too small to yield reliable statistics. In this work, we make use of the Stripe 82 Massive Galaxy Catalog (s82-mgc) to build a mass-limited sample of 41,770 galaxies ( ) with optical–to–near-IR photometry and a large fraction (>55%) of spectroscopic redshifts. Our sample spans 139 deg2, significantly larger than most previous efforts. After accounting for a number of potential systematic errors, including the effects of M* scatter, we measure galaxy stellar mass functions over and detect no growth in the typical M* of massive galaxies with an uncertainty of 9%. This confidence level is dominated by uncertainties in the star formation (SF) history assumed for M* estimates, although our inability to characterize low-surface-brightness outskirts may be the most important limitation of our study. Even among these high-mass galaxies, we find evidence for differential evolution when splitting the sample by recent SF activity. While low-SF systems appear to become completely passive, we find a mostly subdominant population of galaxies with residual, but low rates of SF (∼1 M⊙ yr−1) whose number density does not evolve. Interestingly, these galaxies become more prominent at higher M*, representing ∼10% of all galaxies at and perhaps dominating at even larger masses.
Isotherm Modeling on the Equilibrium Sorption of Cadmium (II) from Solution by Agbani Clay

The main objective of this study was to remove Cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solution by adsorption unto Agbani clay as a low-cost adsorbent. The clay was used without chemical modification or treatment in order to maintain a low process cost. The effect of pH, initial Cadmium ion concentration and time were determined using batch adsorption technique. Maximum adsorption was recorded at a pH of 5.0 and equilibrium sorption was achieved within 50 minutes of the process. Equilibrium isotherm models applied showed the Freundlich isotherm model with the best regression coefficient R 2 of 0.9907, followed by the Temkin isotherm, (0.9220) and the least value was obtained with the Dubinin-Radushkevich, (0.8159) and Langmuir isotherm, (0.8158). The Langmuir isotherm constant (b) and the Freundlich constant (n) indicated a high affinity of Agbani clay for Cadmium(II) ions. A chemical adsorption process was indicated by the value of the apparent energy of adsorption (9.13KJ/mol) obtained from the Dubinin- Radushkevich isotherm. The experimental results indicated the potential of Agbani clay as a low-cost adsorbent for cadmium removal from industrial wastewaters.
The Impact of Television and Short Message Service Advertising on Customer Behaviour and Brand Attitude

Marketing, advertising, and communications processes have changed to strategically capitalize on an increasingly digitally transformed, technologically empowered, globally interconnected consumer, or what service-dominant logic refers to as actors that are resource integrators. Customers are co-creators of value in the collaborative or sharing economy, and seek to actively reap the benefits of new knowledge growing at an exponential rate. However, developing models of customer behavior, especially the influence of a new kind of advertising based on the integrated use of television, web, and social networks, is a challenge. Our study starts from a preliminary empirical observation of the impact of television cooking shows on the variations of potential demand (queries on Google) and the purchase of branded/unbranded culinary products used on the show. Neural networks were used to determine significant correlations, which resulted in an operative Marketing 3.0 model. This model clearly explicates this impact factor on the consumer-purchasing process generated by a new mode of creating information and communications technology–based communication. Keywords: Customer behavior, knowledge management, online advertising, smart consumer, value co-creation
Causes and consequences of f leet diversity in f isheries : The case of the Norwegian Barents Sea cod f isheryF

F isheries operate under f luctuating environmental conditions, targeting f ish stocks that appear in varying densities in different areas, often with abrupt and unexpected local changes. Physical conditions, markets and management regulations constrain vessels in different and varying ways. These factors all contribute to forming the f leet diversity we f ind in most f isheries. Here, a simulation model of the Northeast Arctic cod f ishery is used in order to investigate how this diversity is formed and maintained, assuming rational economic behaviour under varying combined constraints. The study also focuses on how the ability of vessels to f ind f ish inf luences f leet diversity, prof itability, stock development and seasonal prof iles of the f ishery. Results indicate that an increased ability to target the most prof itable f ishing grounds may inf luence f leet diversity positively or negatively, depending on overall exploitation level. High exploitation rates also increase the temporal f luctuations in f leet diversity and prof its, which are amplif ied as the f ish-f inding ability increases.
Anthropogenic causes of jellyfish blooms and their direct consequences for humans: a review

Although recent articles state that jellyfish populations are increasing, most available evidence shows that jellyfish abundances fluctuate with climatic cycles. Reports of increasing prob- lems with jellyfish, especially in East Asia, are too recent to exclude decadal climate cycles. Jellyfish are infamous for their direct negative effects on human enterprise; specifically, they interfere with tourism by stinging swimmers, fishing by clogging nets, aquaculture by killing fish in net-pens and power plants by clogging cooling-water intake screens. They also have indirect effects on fisheries by feeding on zooplankton and ichthyoplankton, and, therefore, are predators and potential competitors of fish. Ironically, many human activities may contribute to increases in jellyfish populations in coastal waters. Increased jellyfish and ctenophore populations often are associated with warming caused by climate changes and possibly power plant thermal effluents. Jellyfish may benefit from eutrophication, which can increase small-zooplankton abundance, turbidity and hypoxia, all conditions that may favor jellyfish over fish. Fishing activities can remove predators of jellyfish and zooplanktivorous fish com- petitors as well as cause large-scale ecosystem changes that improve conditions for jellyfish. Aquacul- ture releases millions of jellyfish into Asian coastal waters yearly to enhance the jellyfish fishery. Aquaculture and other marine structures provide favorable habitat for the benthic stages of jellyfish. Changes in the hydrological regime due to dams and other construction can change the salinity to favor jellyfish. Accidental introductions of non-native gelatinous species into disturbed ecosystems have led to blooms with serious consequences. In many coastal areas, most of these environmental changes occur simultaneously. We summarize cases of problem jellyfish blooms and the evidence for anthropogenic habitat disruptions that may have caused them. Rapid development in East Asia makes that region especially vulnerable to escalating problems. We conclude that human effects on coastal environments are certain to increase, and jellyfish blooms may increase as a consequence.
The Promise and Challenge of Explicit Convective Forecasting with the WRF Model

1 The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation. Convective weather remains a significant challenge for numerical weather prediction systems, and is recognized as a major contributor to poor warm season quantitative precipitation forecasting (QPF). During the recent Bow Echo and MCV Experiment (BAMEX; Davis et al., 2004), and again, this past spring and summer (1 May through 31 July 2004), 36h realtime forecasts were conducted daily with the NCAR version 1.3 of WRF (WRF-EM), using a 4 km horizontal grid resolution over the central US ( Fig. 1). A grid resolution of 4 km is nominally considered sufficient to represent mesoscale convective systems explicitly without the need for parameterization (e.g., Weisman et al. 1997), but is still insufficient for representing many cellscale processes that are critical for severe weather forecasting (e.g., individual supercells are not properly represented; see also Bryan et al. 2003). Use of a 4 km grid over a single large domain, rather than using selective embedded high resolution windows, avoids the potential problems associated with mismatched model physics across windowed model boundaries (e.g., explicit convection on inner grid versus parameterized convection on outer grid; e.g. Warner et al. 1997).
Studies on physical and engineering characteristics of maize, pearl millet and soybean

Evaluation of physical and engineering characteristics of food material are crucial for efficient equipment design. In the present study the above characteristics were accessed for maize, pearl millet and soybean at moisture content 6.40%, 7.95% and 5.25% in the order. Data revealed that highest length, breadth and thickness (L,B,T) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) was found in maize. Test weight and thousand kernel weight ranged between 718.33 g to 791.33 g and 10.72 g to 330.21 g in the sequence, being highest for maize in both cases. The average bulk density and true density were 0.72 to 0.79 g/cc, 1.04 to 1.24 g/cc, respectively. Soybean exhibited maximum porosity trailed by maize and pearl millet. Among the grains, pearl millet had highest internal friction while maize and soybean portray the highest external friction. Referring to angle of repose, soybean showed highest value followed by maize and pearl millet.
Development of Novel Method for Preparation of PEMFC Electrodes

A method based on pulse electrodeposition technique was developed for preparation of membrane electrode assemblies ~MEAs! In this approach, platinum is deposited directly on the surface of the carbon electrode. The method ensures most of the platinum to be in close contact with the membrane. Using this method it is possible to increase the Pt/C ratio up to 75 wt % near the surface of the electrode resulting in a 5 mm thick catalyst layer. The MEA prepared by pulse electrodeposition exhibits a current density of 0.33 A/cm at 0.8 V with platinum loading of 0.25 mg of Pt/cm . The results indicate that pulse deposition may be an attractive technique to replace the conventional powder-type MEA preparation methods and help achieve industry goals of reducing catalyst cost and increasing efficiency in polymer electrode membrane fuel cells ~PEMFCs! © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. @DOI: 10.1149/1.1648611 # All rights reserved.
FACILITATING AND IMPEDING FACTORS IN HEALTH PROMOTION FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ILLNESS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Background: Chronic illnesses are by definition long lasting and without a definitive cure. In Iran, like in many other developing countries, chronic diseases are not merely diseases of the elderly. They also affect a much higher proportion of people during their prime working years and more so than in the developed countries. Therefore, it is essential to understand the factors influencing the health promotion of patients who suffer from chronic illnesses in order to be able to advance a sense of well-being amongst this patient group. Methods: A content analysis with a qualitative approach was conducted and 35 patients with chronic illness were interviewed. Results: Six main themes emerged from the collected data, all of which affected the health promotion in patients. Conclusion: A positive interaction of the aforementioned factors can lead to a better health attainment, whilst a negative effect may result if these factors operate in the opposite direction.
A study on the antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions among Saudi students

The present study has developed and tested a model based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with addition of some psychological variables to figure out the antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions of Saudi undergraduate business students. A sample of 550 students were taken. Responses were collected by a self administered questionaire and analysed by using a univariate statistics and Partial Least Square (PLS) Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The study has emerged with behavioral and personality antecedents (Attitude, Subjective Norm, Internal locus of control, need for achievement and propensity to take risk) of entrepreneurial intent among Saudi students. The results underpin the idea that personality factors along with the behavioral factors strengthen the predictibility of intentions to be involved in an entrepreneurial behavior.
Discovery of the source HESS J1356-645 associated with the young and energetic PSR J1357-6429

Context. Several newly discovered very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) γ-ray sources in the Galaxy are thought to be associated with energetic pulsars. Among them, middle-aged (>10 4 yr) systems exhibit large centre-filled VHE nebulae, offset from the pulsar position, which result from the complex relationship between the pulsar wind and the surrounding medium, and reflect the past evolution of the pulsar. Aims. Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) have been successful in revealing extended emission from these sources in the VHE regime. Together with radio and X-ray observations, this observational window allows one to probe the energetics and magnetic field inside these large-scale nebulae. Methods. H.E. S.S. , with its large field of view, angular resolution of <0.1 ◦ and unprecedented sensitivity, has been used to discover a large population of such VHE sources. In this paper, the H.E. S.S. data from the continuation of the Galactic Plane Survey (−80 ◦ <�< 60 ◦ , |b| < 3 ◦ ), together with the existing multi-wavelength observations, are used. Results. A new VHE γ-ray source was discovered at RA (J2000) = 13 h 56 m 00 s , Dec (J2000) = −64 ◦ 30 � 00 �� with a 2 � statistical error in each coordinate, namely HESS J1356−645. The source is extended, with an intrinsic Gaussian width of (0.20 ± 0.02) ◦ . Its integrated energy flux between 1 and 10 TeV of 8 × 10 −12 erg cm −2 s −1 represents ∼11% of the Crab Nebula flux in the same energy band. The energy spectrum between 1 and 20 TeV is well described by a power law dN/dE ∝ E −Γ with photon index Γ= 2.2 ± 0.2stat ± 0.2sys. The inspection of archival radio images at three frequencies and the analysis of X-ray data from ROSAT/PSPC and XMM-Newton/MOS reveal the presence of faint non-thermal diffuse emission coincident with HESS J1356−645. Conclusions. HESS J1356−645 is most likely associated with the young and energetic pulsar PSR J1357−6429 (d = 2.4 kpc, τc = 7.3 kyr and u E = 3.1 × 10 36 erg s −1 ), located at a projected distance of ∼5 pc from the centroid of the VHE emission. HESS J1356−645 and its radio and X-ray counterparts would thus represent the nebula resulting from the past history of the PSR J1357−6429 wind. In a simple one-zone model,
Interpreting SBUV smoothing errors: an example using the quasi-biennial oscillation

Abstract. The Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV) observing system consists of a series of instruments that have been measuring both total ozone and the ozone profile since 1970. SBUV measures the profile in the upper stratosphere with a resolution that is adequate to resolve most of the important features of that region. In the lower stratosphere the limited vertical resolution of the SBUV system means that there are components of the profile variability that SBUV cannot measure. The smoothing error, as defined in the optimal estimation retrieval method, describes the components of the profile variability that the SBUV observing system cannot measure. In this paper we provide a simple visual interpretation of the SBUV smoothing error by comparing SBUV ozone anomalies in the lower tropical stratosphere associated with the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) to anomalies obtained from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). We describe a methodology for estimating the SBUV smoothing error for monthly zonal mean (mzm) profiles. We construct covariance matrices that describe the statistics of the inter-annual ozone variability using a 6 yr record of Aura MLS and ozonesonde data. We find that the smoothing error is of the order of 1% between 10 and 1 hPa, increasing up to 15–20% in the troposphere and up to 5% in the mesosphere. The smoothing error for total ozone columns is small, mostly less than 0.5%. We demonstrate that by merging the partial ozone columns from several layers in the lower stratosphere/troposphere into one thick layer, we can minimize the smoothing error. We recommend using the following layer combinations to reduce the smoothing error to about 1%: surface to 25 hPa (16 hPa) outside (inside) of the narrow equatorial zone 20° S–20° N.
Amino acid profile, protein digestibility, thermal and functional properties of Conophor nut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) defatted flour, protein concentrate and isolates

Summary Functional properties, amino acid compositions, in vitro protein digestibility, electrophoretic and thermal characteristics of conophor defatted flour (CDF), conophor protein concentrate (CPC), isoelectric protein isolate (CII) and neutral protein isolate (CNI) were evaluated. The isolates (CII and CNI) showed significantly lower (P < 0.05) water and oil absorption capacities, emulsifying and gelling capacities, but higher emulsion stability and foaming capacity. In vitro protein digestibility, enthalpy and denaturation temperature varied between 52.28% and 73.4%, 1.62–4.04 J g−1 protein and 79.7–89.3 °C, respectively. The native proteins were comprised of subunits with molecular weights ranging between 15.3 and 129.3 kDa. The major amino acids in all the samples were aspartic acid, glutamic acid and arginine, whereas the percentages of essential amino acids in CDF, CPC, CII and CNI were 39.35%, 40.46%, 44.54% and 46.04%, respectively. Conophor protein products could be used as functional ingredients in food formulations and for enriching low quality protein diets.