Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTIVITY SHOCKS, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, AND CAPITAL TAXES

The present study deals with the effect that productivity and capital taxes have on foreign direct investment through a panel consisting of 41 countries utilising the GMM system on a dynamic spatial model. Evidence reveals that an increase in the domestic capital tax rate leads to less FDI inflows, and higher levels of domestic productivity growth lead to less FDI inflows. Foreign competition did not have a significant effect on domestic FDI inflows.
Effects of Shoe Donations on Children’s Time Allocation TOMS Shoes in El Salvador

What are the impacts of TOMS shoe donations in rural El Salvador? This paper tries to answer the question by studying the changes in time allocation among children age 6 to 12 years in El Salvador. By taking advantage of a Randomized Control Trial performed between January 15, 2012 and February 21, 2013 I study time allocation differences between baseline and follow-up periods among treatment and control groups. The primary findings of the study show that children part of treatment communities reduced the time spent on school related activities by approximately 0.657 hours per day while increasing the time spent on other activities by 0.66 hours. These results are significant and robust to different specifications. These findings suggest that the type of shoe donation matters in its effect on time allocation, giving light to the importance of understanding the context and environment that the target population is exposed to in a particular country.
EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS AND PLEISTOCENE BIOGEOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICAN TREE SQUIRRELS (TAMIASCIURUS)

Abstract Nucleotide sequence data from the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome-b gene and allozymic data were used to infer the evolutionary and biogeographic histories of New World tree squirrels of the genus Tamiasciurus. Phylogenetic analyses of the cytochrome-b data support the existence of 3 mtDNA lineages within Tamiasciurus: a western lineage consisting of populations of T. douglasii from western British Columbia (Canada), Washington, Oregon, and California, and T. mearnsi from northern Baja California (Mexico); a southwestern lineage consisting of populations of T. hudsonicus from New Mexico and Arizona; and a geographically widespread lineage comprising populations of T. hudsonicus from the remainder of the species' range. Levels of mtDNA sequence variation observed within and among populations of Tamiasciurus were small (0–2.4%), suggesting that contemporary geographic patterns of genetic variation in Tamiasciurus have been established relatively recently (i.e., in the Late Pleistocene). Allozyme analyses also support a close relationship among extant populations of Tamiasciurus. No fixed allelic differences were observed among the 3 recognized species and interspecific genetic distances (Nei's D) were substantially less than those typically observed between sibling species. Although differing from the current taxonomy in several respects, geographic patterns of genetic variation observed within Tamiasciurus are similar to those observed in a variety of North American boreal forest taxa and most likely reflect effects of forest fragmentation associated with glacial cycles of the Pleistocene.
THE IMPACT OF PROVIDING FEEDBACK TO STUDENTS AS FUTURE PROFESSIONALS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL CALLING

Researchers express ideas about the relationship between feedback provided during the studies and students' professional calling and raise hypotheses about the impact of certain elements of feedback on some aspects of professional calling, however, empirical evidence of the impact of feedback on students' professional calling is still lacking. The article raises the problematic question: "What is the impact of providing feedback to students as future professionals on their professional calling? " The accomplished quasi-experiment and post-experimental testing of 110 students of the social pedagogy study programme has revealed that providing feedback to students as future professionals during their studies has an impact on their professional calling.
The relationship of perceived severity of premenstrual syndrome with knowledge, attitude and recorded severity of syndrom by a daily calendar among university students in Iran

Background & aim: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to a set of psychological and physical symptoms, which interfere with one’s daily life. The aim of this study was to determine whether the perceived severity of PMS symptoms is correlated with knowledge, attitude, and severity of this condition according to the daily registration calendar among students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Methods:This descriptive, analytical study was performed on 55 first-year bachelor students, who were residents of Ferdowsi University dormitories from February 2013 to June 2013. Data collection tools included the selection form, general health questionnaire, PMS diagnosis form (derived from DSM-IV), questionnaire of menstrual information, demographic characteristics, and perceived severity of PMS symptoms, questionnaires on knowledge and attitude towards PMS, and the daily registration calendar. For data analysis, descriptive and analytical tests were performed, using SPSS version 16.0. Results: The results showed thatknowledge about PMS was significantly correlated with the perceived severity of PMS (P=0.009, rSp=-0.35). However, there was no significant correlation between students’ attitude towards PMS and perceived severity of this condition (P=0.54, rSp=0.08). Also, no significant difference was found between the perceived severity of PMS symptoms and the severity of symptoms, according to the daily registration calendar (P=0.86, rSp=0.02). Conclusion: Based on the findings, the perceived severity of PMS symptoms was not significantly correlated with students’ attitude towards PMS or PMS severity, based on the daily registration calendar. However, there was a significant correlation between knowledge about PMS and perceived severity of this condition; therefore, planning is essential for improving students’ knowledge on this issue.
Phase behaviour in the LiBH4-LiBr system and structure of the anion-stabilised fast ionic, high temperature phase

The fast ionic, high temperature (HT) phase of LiBH4 can be stabilised by Br¯ substitution. Lithium borohydride bromide compounds, Li(BH4)1-xBrx have been synthesized mechanochemically, with and without thermal treatment and the resulting phase behaviour determined as a function of composition. Single phase materials exist for 0.29 ≤ x ≤ 0.50 with conductivity two orders of magnitude higher than LiBH4 at 313 K. Powder neutron diffraction has been used to resolve the details of the crystal structure of one such compound. These demonstrate that 7Li(11BD4)2/3Br1/3 retains the HT structure (hexagonal space group P63mc, a ≈ 4.2 A, c ≈ 6.7 A) from 293-573 K. The borohydride bromide exhibits considerable static and dynamic disorder, the latter invoking complex rotational motion of the (BH4)¯ anions.
A CLINICAL AND MICROBIAL STUDY OF OTOMYCOSIS: AN ORIGINAL STUDY

Otomycosis or “Otitis externa myotica” refers to a fungal or yeast infection of the external auditory meatus. Fungi can be isolated in up to 40 percent of all cases of external otitis, especially “Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans”. It has a worldwide distribution with higher prevalence in the hot, humid and dusty climate of the tropical and subtropical regions and sometimes in association with immunosuppression and poor hygienic conditions. The purpose of this study is to analyse the etiology, clinical manifestations, microbial pattern of otomycosis and treatment.
Characteristics of Mortalities related to Pulmonary Embolism following Multiple Trauma; a Brief Report

Introduction Pulmonary embolism (PE) is introduced as the third major cause of death after trauma in those who survive more than 24 hours. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of mortalities due to trauma related PE in cases referred to the forensic medicine department. Methods The present cross sectional study was conducted on medical profiles of cadavers that were registered as trauma related mortality in the dissection department of the Forensic Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran, during 2011 to 2016. Results The cause of death for 92 of the 10800 (0.85%) evaluated cadavers was diagnosed as trauma related PE. The mean age of these patients was 58.37 ± 19.39 years (66.3% male). Only 14 (15.2%) hospitalized patients had received anticoagulant agents. The most frequent trauma related PE mortality cases were male (p = 0.003) and aged > 55 years (p = 0.005), with trauma to death time of < 3 weeks (p = 0.004), lower limb injury (p = 0.003), car crash trauma mechanism (p = 0.003), and no anticoagulant prescribed (p = 0.001). Conclusion According to the results of the present study, the prevalence of trauma related PE mortality was 0.85%. It seems that, having a clear anticoagulation therapy protocol in trauma centers could be helpful in decreasing the prevalence of traumatic thromboembolism and its' related mortality.
The rational weakness of strong ties: Failure of group solidarity in a highly cohesive group of rational agents

Recent research (Flache, 1996; Flache and Macy, 1996) suggests a "weakness of strong ties. " Cohesive social networks may undermine group solidarity, rather than sustain it. In the original analysis, simulations showed that adaptive actors learn cooperation in bilateral exchanges faster than cooperation in more complex group exchanges, favoring ties at the expense of the common good. This article uses game theory to demonstrate that cognitive simplicity is not a scope condition for the result. The game theoretical analysis identifies a new condition for the failure of group solidarity in a cohesive group. Task uncertainty may make rational cooperation increasingly inefficient in common good production. Accordingly, rational actors may increasingly sacrifice benefits from common good production in order to maintain social ties, as their dependence on peer approval rises.
MODELING OF A TURBOCHARGER WITH THE DIESEL ENGINE AND CONTROL OF COMPRESSOR SURGE

The main target for the present work is to study how to prevent the turbocharged diesel engine from the very dangerous problem of compressor surge. Different controllers to broaden the region of stable operation of the compressor, and thus, improve diesel engine performance were investigated. In the first, a simple model for the turbocharger with the diesel engine is created out. This model includes nine states, which represents the different subsystem components: air filter, intake manifold, intercooler, exhaust manifold, exhaust system, exhaust gas recirculation, compressor and turbine. Effects of each system components on the engine performance have been investigated. The second part, investigates the compressor surge phenomenon, its dangerous on the diesel engine stability and range of stable flow operation. Also, different techniques to suppress or for controlling the surge phenomenon and increase of the range of stable operation of the compressor were carried out. These techniques are the changes of engine intake manifold volume, throttle gain, auxiliary plenum, closed coupled valve and bleed valves. Comparisons of the present theoretical results with the available previous experimental and theoretical results were carried out. The results show that the required power for the compressor was increased by increasing the losses through the air filter and the intake manifold. The engine volumetric efficiency and the output power are increased by increasing the intake manifold pressure. With increasing the residual gas fraction, both the exhaust manifold temperature and the engine output power decrease. Decreasing the volume of the engine intake manifold increases the engine stability. The throttle valve with new gain as a controller improved the compressor range of stable operation by about 33% and about 15.4% improvement in pressure coefficient at low flow rate. Use the closed-coupled control valve as a controller for compressor surge gives an enhancement in compressor stable flow range of about 25 %, and 10.8% in pressure coefficient. While, the auxiliary plenum and the bleed valves give improvement in surge point about 20% and 16% respectively. The present work shows good agreement in comparison of available experimental data from the previous investigations
Student Performance and the Changing American Family

Critics of American education frequently blame lagging student performance on the deteriorating American family structure. Moreover, it is widely asserted that substantial spending on schools and social programs over the past two decades has failed to reverse the educational downtrend. However, a recent study conducted by RAND’s Institute for Education and Training sharply challenges this view. First, the study points out that prior research—contrary to public perception—has reported gains in student performance between 1970 and 1990, as measured by nationally representative test score data. The largest gains were made by minority students, although a substantial gap still remains. Second, the study finds that demographic trends affecting the family over this time period contributed to rising test scores. Third, the minority gains cannot be fully explained by changing family characteristics, suggesting that we need to look to other factors for explanations. The most likely explanations are rising public investment in schools and families and equal educational opportunity policies.
Mathematical Ability of Elementary School Students Based on Cognitive Style and Gender

The development of mathematical ability of elementary school students is very important. Education in elementary school is a foundation in mathematical ability at a higher level. In fact, many things can affect students' mathematical ability both physically and mentally of the students. The facts underlying this study were the mathematical ability of elementary school students based on cognitive style and gender. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive style and gender of the elementary school students' mathematical ability. The employed method was survey method. The subjects of this study consisted of 141 elementary school students on the fourth grade. These elementary school students were scattered in five districts in Banjarmasin. The instruments used were mathematical ability items and Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT) to determine the cognitive style. Analysis of quantitative data in this study used SPSS 23.0 program. The conclusions that can be drawn from this study are the students' mathematical ability with field independent cognitive style were higher than the students with field dependent cognitive style; there was a significant relationship between mathematical ability and cognitive style in elementary school students. Boys’ mathematical abilities were not significantly higher than girls. However, the average mathematical ability of boys was higher than girls. Furthermore, there was no relationship between mathematical ability and gender in elementary school students. Judging from the number of students correct answer on the questions of stuffing in algebraic form, the average students who answered correctly on all questions was 69.9% and the classification was good enough. Keywords—Mathematical Ability, Cognitive Style, Gender
Selective Professionalisation of Political Campaigning: A Test of the Party-Centred Theory of Professionalised Campaigning in the Context of the 2006 Swedish Election

During the last few decades, political campaigns appear to have become increasingly professionalised. However, at present most of the evidence for the professionalisation of political campaigning comes from countries such as the United States and Britain, and there is less evidence with regard to countries with party-centred systems, proportional elections and multiple parties. Moreover, there is a noticeable lack of systematic and comparative research on the extent to which political campaigns have become professionalised. At present, the only theory of professionalised campaigning that has been operationalised to allow systematic comparisons is the party-centred theory of professionalised campaigning. However, so far it has only been applied once. Thus the usefulness and validity of the theory remains largely unclear. Against this background, the purpose of this study is to elaborate on the party-centred theory of professionalised campaigning, and to test this theory in the context of the 2006 Swedish election.
Cellular prion protein co-localizes with nAChR b 4 subunit in brain and gastrointestinal tract

PrP, the cellular isoform of prion protein, is widely expressed in most tissues, including brain, muscle and gastrointestinal tract. Despite its involvement in several bioprocesses, PrP has still no apparent physiological role. During propagation of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), prion protein is converted to the pathological isoform, PrP, in a process believed to be mediated by unknown host factors. The identification of proteins associated with PrP may provide information about both the biology of prions and the pathogenesis of TSE. Thus far, PrP has been shown to interact with synaptic proteins, components of the cytoskeleton and intracellular proteins involved in signalling pathways. Here, we describe the association of PrP with the b4 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), as indicated by co-immunoprecipitation assays and double-label immunofluorescence. The interaction between prion protein and native b4 subunit was further studied by affinity chromatography, using immobilized and refolded recombinant PrP as a bait and brain homogenates from normal individuals. Additionally, the participation of b4 subunit in the pathogenesis of TSE was studied by in vivo assays. b4 ⁄ – and wild-type mice were challenged with the RML (Rocky Mountain Laboratories) infectious agent. Transgenic animals displayed altered incubation times but the deletion of b4 subunit did not result in a significant change of the incubation period of the disease. Our results suggest that PrP is a member of a multiprotein membrane complex participating in the formation and function of a3b4 nAChR.
Farmers Perception on Fungicide Use for Developing Sustainable Environment and Conservation of Biodiversity: A Study in Cooch Behar District of India

Fungicide was essential for control of infestation of fungus on different crop. Farmers were use different type of fungicide on crop field. Their perception on fungicide use may be different. Different government and private organisation took initiative to aware the farmer about the use of fungicide. But still a problem was found by Cooch Behar Krishi Vigyan Kendra that farmer perception of fungicides use were not homogeneous and the different sources of information may be use by the farmers for fungicide application. So a study was conducted at Gopalpur village in Cooch Behar district, West Bengal, India to know the farmer perception on fungicide use and sources of information utilize for fungicide application. The data were collected during June, 2016. The research design was followed in the study was survey research method. The sample size of the study was 100.The dependent variable of this study was perception and independent variables were age, gender, number of family member, caste, land holding, education, annual income and sources of information. The descriptive statistics like frequency, percentage, Pearson’s product moment correlation and other statistical tools were used for the investigation. This study had shown the relation of the perception of fungicide use with the different independent variable and the role of different extension mechanism for fungicide information providing. It was concluded from the study that farmers’ perception of fungicide use were not homogeneous and the different socio-economic variable may affect the perception of the farmers on fungicide use. You can submit your Manuscripts at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Does Anti-Diversification Pay? A One-Sided Matching Model of Microcredit

In many economic situations, market participation requires that agents form groups subject to exogenous rules. Consider a microfinance institution that decides on rules for diversifying borrower groups in terms of their exposure to income shocks. Such rules affect group repayment by influencing both who matches with whom (direct effect) and who participates in the market (participation). I develop the key trade-off for conflicting predictions of extant theoretical models and estimate both effects separately. Group formation creates an endogeneity problem, but a matching model exploits the exogenous variation from counterfactual groups. I find that while diversification has no participation effect it has a significant positive direct effect.
Discussing the role of tropical and subtropical moisture sources in cold season extreme precipitation events in the Mediterranean region from a climate change perspective

Abstract. This paper presents a review of a large number of research studies performed during the last few decades that focused on the investigation of cold season extreme precipitation events (EPEs) in the Mediterranean region (MR). The publications demonstrate the important role of anomalously intense transports of moist air from the tropical and subtropical Atlantic in the occurrence of EPEs in the MR. EPEs in the MR are directly or indirectly connected to narrow bands with a high concentration of moisture in the lower troposphere, i.e., atmospheric rivers, along which a large amount of moisture is transported from the tropics to midlatitudes. Whereas in a significant fraction of the EPEs in the western MR moisture is transported to the MR from the tropical Atlantic, EPEs in the central, and especially the eastern, MR are more often associated with intense tropical moisture transports over North Africa and the Red Sea. The moist air for the EPEs in the latter part of the MR also mainly originates from the tropical Atlantic and Indian oceans, and in many cases it serves as a temporary moisture reservoir for future development. The paper is supplemented by the results of a test for a possible connection between declining Arctic sea ice and the climatology of intense precipitation in the eastern MR. Based on the results of the evaluation supporting those from the earlier climate change analyses and modeling studies, it is concluded that a further anthropogenic global warming may lead a greater risk of higher rainfall totals and therefore larger winter floods in western and central parts of the MR as a consequence of stronger and more numerous Atlantic atmospheric rivers, possibly accompanied by a decline in the number of EPEs in the eastern part of the MR.
Relating Body Size to the Rate of Home Range Use in Mammals

The area occupied or traversed by an animal is a function of the time period considered, but few empirical estimates of the temporal component of home range use are available. We used a statistic called the "time to independence" to make an ecologically meaningful estimate of the amount of time required for an individual to traverse its home range. Data from 23 species of terrestrial mammals indicated the existence of a size- dependent time scale governing the rate of home range use. Foraging mode influenced the rate of home range use; central place foragers traversed their home ranges approximately five times as rapidly as comparably sized noncentral place foragers. Numerous physiological measures of time are related to body mass raised to the ? 4 power. Our results suggest that the time scale governing the rate of space use by mammals is related similarly to body mass. This relationship permits a more critical examination of factors thought to influence home range size, including habitat productivity and social organization.