Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Qualitative analysis of proteins: a partition chromatographic method using paper.

are not used as a source of minerals to sustain the mammary supply during lactation. In other words, an osteoporotic skeleton is not an obligatory consequence of lactation in this species at least. Considerable difficulties exist in the determination of these requirements by the metabolic balance technique, since this method does not indicate when mobilization of minerals from the spongiosa is accompanied by mobilization from the shaft. Further, the balance over a whole lactation is often small in relation to the total quantities of materials analyzed and may be close to the analytical errors of the methods when the diet given is rich in minerals. The present observations may find some application in the determination of certain mineral requirements of lactation. Because the losses of Ca and P are unavoidable, involving the gradual liberation of reserves laid down at an earlier peripd, it has been difficult to estimate the requirements for lactation on the bafsis ofthe negative values obtained by the balance technique. Since the present study shows that, in the rat, it is possible to restrict the withdrawal of bone salt to the spongiosa, leaving the shaft unaffected, it seems reasonable to suggest that lactation requirements could be defined as those intakes which, for a given output of minerals in milk, will restrict the withdrawals to the spongiosa. Thus, using a similar technique, the problem ofthe mineral requirements for lactation in domestic aniimals might become more amenable to experimental attack. This preservation of the diaphyses may be an unattainable ideal in the high-producing dairy cow, but in sheep and swine it may be possible as in the rat. Also since Theiler (1934) pointed out that, in cattle, P deficiency had a more marked effect on-the skeleton than Ca deficiency, the method migit be more suitable for the determination-of P than Ca requirement in the cow. While no evidence has yet been produced to show that a mild degree of osteoporosis is seriously detrimental to the individual, its avoidance would preserve the value of the skeleton from a struictural standpoint.
Distribution of Peanut Protein in the Home Environment

HA Brough, K Makinson, M Penagos. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;132(3):623–629 The goal of this study was to assess potential routes of transfer of peanut protein into the home environment and to assess the effect that cleaning methods have on environmental peanut protein levels. Forty-five families were recruited from pediatric allergy clinics. To quantify ambient household peanut levels, dust samples from all household members’ beds and the infant’s play area were obtained by vacuuming. Wipe samples were obtained from the infant’s and parents’ eating areas, as well as other surfaces in the home. Peanut protein in the samples was measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and converted to …
A Lightweight Approach for Extracting Product Records from the Web

Gathering product records from the Web is very important to both shoppers and on-line retailers for the purpose of comparing products and prices. For consumers, the reason for doing this is to find the best price for a product, whereas on-line retailers want to compare their offers with those of their competitors in order to remain competitive. Due to the huge number and vast array of product offers in the Web an automated approach for collecting product data is needed. In this paper we propose a lightweight approach to automatically identify and extract product records from arbitrary e-shop websites. For this purpose we have adopted and extended the existing technique called Tag Path Clustering for clustering similar HTML tag paths and developed a novel filtering mechanism especially for extracting product records from websites.
Thoracic trauma now and then: A 10 year experience from 16,773 severely injured patients

Background and purpose Thoracic trauma remains to be a relevant injury to the polytraumatised patient. However, literature regarding how far changes in clinical guidelines for pre- and in-hospital trauma management and diagnostic procedures affect the outcome of multiple injured patients with severe chest injury during a long-term observation period is sparse. Methods Multiple traumatised patients (age≥16y) documented in the TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) from January 1st 2005 to December 31st 2014 with severe chest trauma (AIS≥3) were included in this study. Demographic data, the pattern of injury, injury severity, radiographic emergency procedures, indication for intubation, duration of mechanical ventilation, emergency surgery, occurrence of complications and mortality were evaluated per year and over time. Results A total of 16,773 patients were analysed. The use of whole body computer tomography increased (p<0.001), while the incidence of plain x-rays decreased (p<0.001). Furthermore, incidence of AISThorax = 3 graded injuries increased (p<0.001) while AISThorax = 4 decreased (p<0.001). Both, rate of patients being intubated at the time of ICU admission decreased (p<0.001) and the time of mechanical ventilation decreased (p<0.001). Additionally, need for emergency surgery, lung failure, sepsis, and multi organ failure all decreased (p<0.001). However, mortality remained unchanged. Interpretation Severity of severe chest trauma and associated complications decreased while diagnostics and treatment improved over time. However, mortality remained unchanged. Our results are in line with those expected in the context of the incidence of CT diagnostics, which has increased parallel to the clinical outcome Thus, our data demonstrate a positive trend in the treatment of patients with severe chest trauma.
Examining the Relationship Between Purposeful Heading in Soccer and Computerized Neuropsychological Test Performance

The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between purposeful heading in soccer and neuropsychological test performance. Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics throughput scores were derived on seven subset variables that measure a variety of neurocognitive abilities. Simple Spearman's rank correlations were calculated between headers per game (HPG) and the criterion variables. Interestingly, math processing speed (Spearman's rho = .160) and continuous performance test #2 (rho = .124) had small but significant correlations; both showed improvement in performance pre- to postseason. There were no significant correlations between HPG and the other five variables. This study found no detrimental relationship between the number of purposeful headers and the neurocognitive measures in this population.
Acute management of atrial fibrillation with acute haemodynamic instability and in the postoperative setting

Although most patients with atrial fibrillation present without haemodynamic compromise, there is a small group of patients who are considerably compromised by the onset of atrial fibrillation. These patients require immediate hospitalisation and urgent intervention to prevent further deterioration. The rate versus rhythm debate and the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation are just two examples of key management decisions the clinician and patient must face. This situation is compounded in the haemodynamically unstable patient, both by the need to act speedily and by the lack of research in this area. Although there is general agreement that such patients should be immediately hospitalised, supportive treatment (eg, oxygen) provided, and treatment of any precipitants (eg, fever and myocardial infarction) started, the decision regarding what specific atrial fibrillation treatment should be embarked on is more controversial. Consensus statements by the Resuscitation Council (UK)1 and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force/European Society of Cardiology2 have given guidance on those patients considered at highest risk of haemodynamic instability—that is, those with atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate >150 bpm, ongoing chest pain or critical perfusion. Patients with lower rates and certainly rates <120 bpm are more probably compromised by co-morbidities, such as myocardial ischaemia, pneumonia or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, and treatment should be aimed at resolving these. In the setting of haemodynamic instability, concerns about intervention in the absence of anticoagulation and echocardiography are counterbalanced by the need for urgent treatment. This may include the need to treat important problems such as hypoxia, left ventricular failure, acute ischaemia, pyrexia and electrolyte disorders. There are several specific precipitants and comorbidities that mandate specific treatments. These include primary cardiac electrophysiological abnormalities, such as Wolf–Parkinson–White syndrome, in which patients may develop ventricular rates >200 bpm with the potential for acute ventricular …
Tissue Reaction to an Implantable Identification Device in Mice

Long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity studies require positive identification of animals. Due to the unreliability of traditional methods, it was necessary to investigate more dependable identification methods that can be read directly or by electronic means. A two-year study to determine the stability of and tissue reaction to a microchip glass-sealed device implanted in subcutaneous tissue of mice was conducted. Seventy B6C3F1 mice of each sex were anesthetized and implanted with the microchip. The devices were read by an electronic detector and palpated at periodic intervals. Ten mice of each sex were necropsied at 3 months and at 15 months with the remaining animals necropsied at 24 months. Of the 140 devices implanted, 3 were lost and 4 failed during the 24-month study. Devices were palpable and appeared to be fixed at one location with no obvious swelling due to inflammation or palpable masses around the implants for 24 months. At the 3, 15, and 24 month necropsies, implants were encapsulated by connective tissue. Light microscopic evaluation indicated that the capsule around the implants was thin and composed of fibrocytes and mature collagen fibers, with minimal to mild inflammation and occasional granulomatous reaction. Neoplastic changes were not observed in the tissue around the glass-sealed devices with polypropylene cap for up to 24 months.
Fourier domain beamforming for transverse-oscillations

Transverse Oscillations (TO) is the name given to a technique able to produce ultrasound images with oscillations in both axial and lateral directions. Such images have shown their potential for improving motion estimation. In this paper we present an alternative to Time Domain Transverse Oscillations (TDTO) beamforming. Conventional approaches to TO use Fraunhoffer approximation to design their beamformer, which is not respected for broadband signals. We propose to proceed to a Fourier Transform of the raw Rf signals before apodization in order to separate the contribution of each frequency band and adapt the apodization function to each frequency. This method is refered to as Fourier Domain Transverse Oscillations (FDTO) beamforming. FDTO is validated by simulations on PSFs obtained with FDTO and TDTO. Their comparison shows higher normalized cross-correlation with FDTO than TDTO for expected transverse oscillations wavelength between 1 and 2.5 mm in our configuration. FDTO is also validated on a speckle phantom. Visually FDTO PSFs, PSFs and specke images 2D spectra have lost the diagonal orientation of their pattern.
Islet Autoreactive CD8 T-cells in Type 1 Diabetes

While differentiating T-cell autoreactivity against pancreatic islets between type 1 diabetic patients and nondiabetic control subjects has, over time, proven to be a difficult task, the ultimate challenge for cellular markers of this disease will involve the definition of immunological measures associated with disease progression and intervention. With the notion that type 1 diabetes is a T-cell–mediated autoimmune disease, it is therefore logical for investigators to direct research efforts toward studies of T-cells. However, relatively few studies associating T-cell autoreactivity with disease progression have been attempted (i.e., in comparison with efforts monitoring autoantibodies), and those that have been performed are largely limited to CD4 T-cells (1). Ever since the demonstration of their presence in insulitic lesions in the pancreas of patients at clinical onset of type 1 diabetes, CD8-positive cytotoxic T-cells have been implicated in the disease process (2). This association and its potential importance for disease was corroborated by the genetic predisposition of HLA class I loci for type 1 diabetes that is independent of linkage disequilibrium with HLA class II (3); a setting that implied the role of HLA class I with type 1 diabetes is more than guilt by genetic association alone (4). Theoretically, HLA class I–restricted CD8 T-cells could be the sole candidate …
Fancd2 Is Required for Nuclear Retention of Foxo3a in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Maintenance*

Background: Maintenance of HSCs is challenged by DNA damage and oxidative stress. Results: Fancd2 deficiency promoted cytoplasmic localization of Foxo3a in HSCs. Re-expression of Fancd2 restored nuclear Foxo3a localization and prevented HSC exhaustion. Conclusion: Fancd2 is required for nuclear retention of Foxo3a and maintaining hematopoietic repopulation of HSCs. Significance: Our results implicate an interaction between FA DNA repair and FOXO3a pathways in HSC maintenance. Functional maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is constantly challenged by stresses like DNA damage and oxidative stress. Here we show that the Fanconi anemia protein Fancd2 and stress transcriptional factor Foxo3a cooperate to prevent HSC exhaustion in mice. Deletion of both Fancd2 and Foxo3a led to an initial expansion followed by a progressive decline of bone marrow stem and progenitor cells. Limiting dilution transplantation and competitive repopulating experiments demonstrated a dramatic reduction of competitive repopulating units and progressive decline in hematopoietic repopulating ability of double-knockout (dKO) HSCs. Analysis of the transcriptome of dKO HSCs revealed perturbation of multiple pathways implicated in HSC exhaustion. Fancd2 deficiency strongly promoted cytoplasmic localization of Foxo3a in HSCs, and re-expression of Fancd2 completely restored nuclear Foxo3a localization. By co-expressing a constitutively active CA-FOXO3a and WT or a nonubiquitinated Fancd2 in dKO bone marrow stem/progenitor cells, we demonstrated that Fancd2 was required for nuclear retention of CA-FOXO3a and for maintaining hematopoietic repopulation of the HSCs. Collectively, these results implicate a functional interaction between the Fanconi anemia DNA repair and FOXO3a pathways in HSC maintenance.
PARASITE COMMUNITY AND MORTALITY OF OVERWINTERING YOUNG-OF-THE-YEAR ROACH (RUTILUS RUTILUS)

The composition and development of the parasite community of overwintering young-of-the-year (YOY) roach (Rutilus rutilus) was studied in outdoor artificial ponds. Cumulative mortality of the roach from November until May was about 20%. The prevalences of the epizoic ciliates Trichodina sp. and Apiosoma sp. , and of the monogeneans Dactylogyrus suecicus, Dactylogyrus nanus, and Gyrodactylus sp. in general tended to peak in the beginning of April at a water temperature of about 8 C. However, mean parasite intensity remained constant over this interval. Prevalence of metacercariae of the digeneans Diplostomum cf. spathaceum and Tylodelphys clavata remained constant with values around 60% and 10%, respectively. Larvae of the nematode Philometra obturans and the cestode Ligula intestinalis and females of the copepod Neoergasilus japonicus were found sporadically. A concept of 2 thresholds, a critical condition factor (attained by a temperature-induced energy deficiency), and a condition-dependent critical infection intensity, which determine winter mortality of YOY, is suggested.
A Conserved Loop in the Catalytic Domain of Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 Kinase Plays a Key Role in Its Substrate Specificity

ABSTRACT Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) is the best-characterized member of the α-kinase family. Within this group, only eEF2K and myosin heavy chain kinases (MHCKs) have known substrates. Here we have studied the roles of specific residues, selected on the basis of structural data for MHCK A and TRPM7, in the function of eEF2K. Our data provide the first information regarding the basis of the substrate specificity of α-kinases, in particular the roles of residues in the so-called N/D loop, which appears to occupy a position in the structure of α-kinases similar to that of the activation loop in other kinases. Several mutations in the EEF2K gene occur in tumors, one of which (Arg303Cys) is at a highly conserved residue in the N/D loop. This mutation greatly enhances eEF2K activity and may be cytoprotective. Our data support the concept that the major autophosphorylation site (Thr348 in eEF2K) docks into a binding pocket to help create the kinase-competent conformation. This is similar to the situation for MHCK A and is consistent with this being a common feature of α-kinases.
Trace element and isotope constraints on crustal anatexis by upwelling mantle melts in the North Atlantic Igneous Province: an example from the Isle of Rum, NW Scotland

Abstract Sr and Nd isotope ratios, together with lithophile trace elements, have been measured in a representative set of igneous rocks and Lewisian gneisses from the Isle of Rum in order to unravel the petrogenesis of the felsic rocks that erupted in the early stages of Palaeogene magmatism in the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP). The Rum rhyodacites appear to be the products of large amounts of melting of Lewisian amphibolite gneiss. The Sr and Nd isotopic composition of the magmas can be explained without invoking an additional granulitic crustal component. Concentrations of the trace element Cs in the rhyodacites strongly suggests that the gneiss parent rock had experienced Cs and Rb loss prior to Palaeogene times, possibly during a Caledonian event. This depletion caused heterogeneity with respect to 87Sr/86Sr in the crustal source of silicic melts. Other igneous rock types on Rum (dacites, early gabbros) are mixtures of crustal melts and and primary mantle melts. Forward Rare Earth Element modelling shows that late stage picritic melts on Rum are close analogues for the parent melts of the Rum Layered Suite, and for the mantle melts that caused crustal anatexis of the Lewisian gneiss. These primary mantle melts have close affinities to Mid-Oceanic Ridge Basalts (MORB), whose trace element content varies from slightly depleted to slightly enriched. Crustal anatexis is a common process in the rift-to-drift evolution during continental break-up and the formation of Volcanic Rifted Margins systems. The ‘early felsic–later mafic’ volcanic rock associations from Rum are compared to similar associations recovered from the now-drowned seaward-dipping wedges on the shelf of SE Greenland and on the Vøring Plateau (Norwegian Sea). These three regions show geochemical differences that result from variations in the regional crustal composition and the depth at which crustal anatexis took place.
STUDIES ON INTRAPULMONARY MIXTURE OF GASES. IV. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PULMONARY EMPTYING RATE AND A SIMPLIFIED OPEN CIRCUIT MEASUREMENT OF RESIDUAL AIR.

In preceding papers of this series, we have studied (1) the relative effectiveness of mixing or distribution of tidal air into alveolar spaces in normal and abnormal subjects, and have proposed (2) an open circuit method for residual air determination, in which nitrogen in the lungs is washed out by continuous inhalation of pure oxygen. The present paper (a) gives the results of a number of determinations of residual air, by the open circuit method, in normal subjects and patients with chronic cardiac or chronic pulmonary disease; (b) offers certain simplifications of technique in the open circuit method; and (c) suggests further significance of some of the data which this method provides. It will simplify the succeeding discussion if a brief review is given of the theoretical basis of the open circuit method of residual air determination. The principle underlying all residual air methods which employ an inert gas, such as nitrogen or hydrogen, is the measurement of this inert gas before and after its distribution (by means of a period of breathing) between an unknown volume (the lungs) and a known volume (the spirometer). The relationship is described by a simple formula. Let nitrogen be the inert gas measured: (Nitrogen percentage in lungs at start X lung volume) + (nitrogen percentage in spirometer at start X spirometer volume) (nitrogen percentage in lungs at end X lung volume) + (nitrogen percentage in spirometer at end X spirometer volume). For purposes of simplification, the correction factor due to nitrogen excreted from the body (3) is here disregarded. Solving the above equation for lung volume,
Lack of immunological or molecular evidence for a role of mouse mammary tumor retrovirus in primary biliary cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Recent observations, including a pilot clinical trial, have suggested that a human mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) causes primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). We attempted to confirm such data. METHODS We obtained sera from 101 patients (53 with PBC and 48 controls), fixed liver sections from 10 patients (8 PBC and 2 controls), fresh liver specimens (6 PBC and 6 controls), and fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) (10 PBC and 10 controls). We studied sera for reactivities against 3 different strains of MMTV virions, MMTV(C3H), MMTV(FM), and MMTV(LA), including goat polyclonal antibodies against MMTV virions, gp52, and p27 as positive controls. We stained liver specimens using polyclonal antibodies against MMTV and gp52 and further examined tissue samples and PBLs for specific MMTV genome sequences. RESULTS By Western blot analysis, no detectable reactivity in any of the PBC sera against any of the 3 MMTV strains or MMTV gp52 or p27 was observed. However, viral proteins were recognized by our control positive polyclonal antibodies. We note that 13%-60% of PBC sera presented low reactivity against 2 proteins of approximately 57 and 74 kilodaltons. Such reactivity is related to the trace amounts of mitochondrial antigens in the virus preparations derived from murine mammary tumor tissue. No detectable immunohistochemical or molecular evidence for MMTV was found in the liver specimens or PBLs. CONCLUSIONS We were unable to recapitulate the data on this specific retroviral etiology of PBC and suggest that such data could be the result of contamination.
α-Helically constrained phage display library

The library described here is a collection of phages with six degenerate codons in gene VIII, specifying amino acids 12, 13, 15–17 and 19 of the major coat protein. The randomized positions are surface exposed in the wild-type protein and thus might be expected to tolerate a great diversity of side chains without compromising phage viability. In agreement with this supposition, the new library showed great diversity of amino acids at the randomized positions and diversity did not diminish noticeably during repeated subculture. Despite their diversity, however, the randomized positions should be strongly constrained conformationally because they lie in an extended α-helical portion of the protein, stabilized by numerous inter- and intra-subunit contacts—a presupposition corroborated by circular dichroism spectroscopy of many library members. To reflect this conformational homogeneity and the fact that random amino acids subtend a major fraction of the surface ‘landscape’ of the particle, we call the new construct an alpha landscape library. It can be used as a source of α-helical ligands and substitute antibodies.