Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
For Review Only Minimizing polymerase biases in metabarcoding 1 2

Complete List of Authors: Nichols, Ruth; University of California Santa Cruz, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Vollmers, Christopher; University of California Santa Cruz, Biomolecular Engineering Newsom, Lee; Flagler College, Social Sciences Wang, Yue; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Geography Heintzman, Peter; University of California, Santa Cruz, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; UiT The Arctic University of Norway Leighton, McKenna; University of California Santa Cruz, Biomolecular Engineering Green, Richard; University of California Santa Cruz, Biomolecular Engineering Shapiro, Beth; University of California Santa Cruz, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
CHAPTER 8 Student Loans and Repayment : Theory , Evidence , and Policy

Rising costs of and returns to college have led to sizeable increases in the demand for student loans in many countries. In the USA, student loan default rates have also risen for recent cohorts as labor market uncertainty and debt levels have increased. We discuss these trends as well as recent evidence on the extent to which students are able to obtain enough credit for college and the extent to which they are able to repay their student debts after. We then discuss optimal student credit arrangements that balance three important objectives: (i) providing credit for students to access college and finance consumption while in school, (ii) providing insurance against uncertain adverse schooling or postschool labor market outcomes in the form of income-contingent repayments, and (iii) providing incentives for student borrowers to honor their loan obligations (in expectation) when information and commitment frictions are present. Specifically, we develop a two-period educational investment model with uncertainty and show how student loan contracts can be designed to optimally address incentive problems related to moral hazard, costly income verification, and limited commitment by the borrower. We also survey other research related to the optimal design of student loan contracts in imperfect markets. Finally, we provide practical policy guidance for re-designing student loan programs to more efficiently provide insurance while addressing information and commitment frictions in the market.
Thanks for sharing: scientific disclosure in technological competition

Scientific publications report a detailed description of the results and methods of res earch activities. They can therefore be used by firms to share scientific and technical knowledge with the innovation system and shape the development of technologies. In this paper, w e study the effects of scientific publications by firms on the technology choices of rivals. We use a representative sample of US firm s in the semiconductor industry, characterized by strong technological competition and large use of sc i ntific methods. We find that firms publishing scientific articles enjoy higher technological indep endence and that scientific publications induce rivals to adopt the technologies generated by the publishing firm . The effect is stronger for those firms which are closer in the technology space. Moreover, this effect is in reasing if the firm receiving information has built up a specific scientific absorptive capacity . The study sheds new light on the managerial and strategic actions that firms can take to actively influence the R&D strategies of competitors.
Bt 1 de ( Zea mays L . ) : respuesta en crecimiento , desarrollo y producción ALTERNATIVES IN NUTRITION OF TRANSGENIC MAIZE FR-BT 1 ( Zea mays L . ) : RESPONSE IN GROWTH , DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

RESUMEN. El maíz es uno de los cultivos más importantes en la mayoría de los países, cuyo rendimiento está limitado por ataques de patógenos y la afectación por arvenses. La variedad sintética cubana de maíz FR-Bt1 transgénica posee la capacidad de protección contra el ataque de la palomilla del maíz (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith) y la tolerancia al herbicida glufosinato de amonio. Para conocer el comportamiento en crecimiento y rendimiento de variedad FR-Bt1 en respuesta a alternativas en la nutrición, combinando un fertilizante NPK, el inoculante micorrícico EcoMic® y el estimulador de crecimiento vegetal FitoMas®-E, se realizaron experimentos en condiciones de campo y una prueba de extensión, observándose variables de crecimiento, desarrollo, rendimiento y sus componentes. El cultivo respondió positivamente a la aplicación de los productos; en los indicadores estudiados, con la combinación del FitoMas®-E, EcoMic® y el 50 o 75 % de la dosis de fertilización mineral recomendada para la variedad, la respuesta fue similar a la aplicación del 100 % de la dosis, siendo ambos tratamientos superiores a cualquiera de los productos por separado y sus combinaciones. En suelos pocos fértiles, similares a los de los experimentos realizados, la variedad de maíz FR-Bt1 no alcanza su rendimiento potencial cuando se utilizan dosis de NPK inferiores a las establecidas en el instructivo técnico, lo que si se logra con la combinación de la fertilización mineral con EcoMic® y FitoMas®-E permitiendo incluso la reducción de la dosis de fertilizante en un 25 o 50 %, sin afectar el comportamiento del cultivo. ABSTRACT. The maize is one of the most important cultures in most of the countries, whose yield been has limited by the attack of pathogens and weed affectation. The variety modified genetically FR-Bt1 has the characteristics to protect against the attack of Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith) and tolerance to the ammonium glufosinate herbicide. In order to study the behavior in growth and yield of the variety in response to alternatives of nutrition with the combine use of a NPK fertilizer, the biofertilizer inoculant (EcoMic®) and the phytostimulant (FitoMas®), two field experiments and an extension test in a commercial field were carried out. Different variables of growth and yield were observed. The crop had a good answer to the application of the different products and the combination of FitoMas®-E, EcoMic® and the 50 % of mineral fertilization level proposed for the FR-Bt1 variety, had a similar response to 100 % of NPK dose and to each of the other different treatments. Finally, in low fertility soils, similar to the used in the experiments, the FR-Bt1 corn variety don’t fulfill its potential yield when NPK dose are lower than the established in the technic instructive; it is possible with the combination of mineral fertilizer, EcoMic® y FitoMas®-E, including 25 to 50 % reduction in the mineral fertilizer, without affecting crop behavior.
econstor Make Your Publications Visible . A Service of zbw

Political decision-makers face increasing demands to justify their actions with respect to multiple normative objectives or values. Here, we provide a general philosophical-economic clarification of the discussion of value pluralism, value-efficiency (i.e. efficiency with respect to values) and feasible relationships between values. We derive what relationships between values can exist in states of affairs that are valueefficient. In particular, we show that in a value-efficient state of affairs there is a tradeoff between at least two values, and that a win-win relationship between values is no indication of value-inefficiency when there are three or more values. Further, we connect these relationships to the opportunity costs of attaining a value to a higher degree. Lastly, we contrast Pareto-efficiency with value-efficiency and show that there can be a win-win relationship between values in a Pareto-efficient state of affairs. Our analysis provides insights that help decision-making in situations where there are multiple values at stake. JEL-Classification: D63, H43, H00
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY IN BLACK PINE ( PINUS NIGRA ARNOLD . SUBSP . PALLASIANA ) SEEDLINGS 1

This study was carried out on Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana) which is one of the important forest tree species in Turkish forestry to contribute nursery practices and plantation forestry of the species. Seedling height and root-collar diameter were examined in 2+0 and 3+0 year of Black Pine containerized and bare-root seedlings grown at Cankiri and Cerkes Forest nurseries of Turkey at the end of growing period of 2015. Seedling morphology, quality and relation between the characteristics were investigated. Averages of seedling height and root-collar diameter were 8.8 cm, 12.5 cm, 13.3 cm and 27.6 cm; 3.92 mm, 4.51 mm, 5.2 mm and 6.33 mm at 2+0 and 3+0 year of containerized and bare-root seedlings, respectively. There were significant differences (p≤0.05) among seedling types and ages based on results of variance analysis for seedling morphology. Distribution of seedlings changed for quality classification, characteristics, seedling age and types. Results of Discriminant analysis were also varied for seedling ages and seedling types. There was positive and significant (p≤0.05) correlation between seedling height and root-collar diameter based on results of correlation analysis. Results of the study were discussed for nursery practice and plantation forestry of the species. Results of the study should be combined by field stage.
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA MARIA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS ODONTOLÓGICAS

INFLUENCE OF DIODE LASER IN THE MICROSHEAR BOND STRENGTH TO DENTIN AND THE SURFACE IRRADIATED IN THE SOLVENT EVAPORATION OF ADHESIVE SYSTEMS AUTHOR: Luciana Roggia Friedrich ADVISOR: Bruno Lopes da Silveira This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the bond strength to dentin and the influence of their radiated surface (glass and dentin) on the evaporation degree of solvent of adhesive systems by the use of high power diode laser. It was performed in two stages, which consisted in: a) evaluating the bond strength (μSBS) through the microshear test. For this, 48 healthy third molars were selected, which were sectioned longitudinally, obtaining dentin disks. The specimens were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 6) as a function of the adhesive system (Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, Adper Single Bond 2, Clearfill SE Bond, and Optibond All-in-one) and no irradiation or irradiation with high power diode laser (experimental technique x control technique). The diode laser was applied continuously, perpendicularly and at a distance of 1 cm from the irradiated surface, at a power of 3 W for a time of 25 seconds. In the course, a cylindrical matrix of starch adhered to dentin, composite resin restora were made, which were stored for 24 hours at 37°C, and then submitted to the microshear test in the universal testing machine, using 1.0 mm/min speed until failure occurs; b) to evaluate the influence of their radiation surface on the evaporation degree of solvent (ED) by the gravimetric method. The groups were distributed according to adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond 2 and Clearfil SE Bond) and their radiation surface (glass and dentin). For the dentin surface, 12 human third molars had class I cavities made. For both evaluated surfaces, 10μL of each of the tested products were dispensed and the weight loss was measured. For each material, six monitoring series (n = 6) were taken. The ED and μSBS data were submitted to variance analysis, t-student test and/or Tukey’s test (α = 5%). Based on the values obtained from μSBS , the laser promoted higher μSBS values for the conventional adhesives when compared to the self-etch agents, being superior to the control technique for Adper Single Bond 2. In relation to the ED, the diode laser at a power of 3 W from 15 s, caused greater evaporation of the solvents in the conventional adhesive system when compared to the self-etch. In relation to their radiation surface, in almost all the times used, the laser caused greater evaporation of the solvents when their radiated surface was the glass. In this way, the diode laser appears as a new method, being dependent on the characteristics inherent to each adhesive system and their radiated surface. Key-Words: Adhesive system. Evaporation. Laser. Microshear.
In vitro Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Fe 2 + and SNP Lipid Peroxidation of African Mistletoes ( Tapinanthus globiferus ) from Three Selected Host Plants in Jos Plateau State Nigeria

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the antioxidative properties of the mistletoe plant obtained from three different host species namely Psidium guajava, Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa olifera lam. Study Design: Experimental Design Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria. Original Research Article Oche et al.; JALSI, 20(4): 1-10, 2019; Article no.JALSI. 48750 2 Methodology: Crude methanolic leaf extracts were studied for their antioxidative properties; Iron reducing and Iron-chelating activities, Nitric oxide (NO) radical and 2,2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities and the lipid peroxidation and thiobarbituric acid reaction (TBAR) methods. One way ANOVA was used for the result analysis with P<. 05 for significant difference. Results: Mistletoes from Psidum guajava (MSPG) had significantly higher reducing property (0.16 – 0.20g/mL); the chelating property of Mistletoes from Moringa olifera (MSMO) was significantly lower (45.7 – 58.9%); DPPH radical scavenging activity had no significant difference; and Nitric oxide scavenging activity was significantly higher in MSPG (72.1% in 75g/mL) than the extracts from other hosts. MSPG had significantly higher TBAR inhibition using both FeSO4 (77.8% at 125μg/mL) and Sodium nitroprusside (61.6+1.0% at 125μg/mL) with an IC50 of 30. 27μg/mL . Extract of Tapinanthus globiferus leaves from Psidium guajava had more antioxidative activities in the TBARs followed by Tapinanthus globiferus leaf extract from Vernonia amygdalina (MSVA). Conclusion: From the study, mistletoes from Psidium guajava had higher antioxidant activity compared to other hosts, which probably justifies its use for treatment of cancer in traditional medicinal practice.
Educational Psychology TEAM SELECTION AND PERFORMANCE : THE ROLE OF MIGRATORY BACKGROUND AND SOCIAL CLASS

What are the implications of the increasing socio-demographic heterogeneity among student bodies for performance levels? This paper offers some answers from an experiment among undergraduate students, whose performance – individually and in teams of two – with respect to a short test of the course material was related to a set of indicators about their personal background. In line with earlier research, we find students with migratory backgrounds or, almost equivalently, with foreign language backgrounds, to be at a consistent disadvantage in both the individual and the team exercise. The added focus of this paper, however, is on social class, where we find mixed evidence: While the parents’ educational achievement positively drives their children’s performance in most specification, the question whether a student ever received a (means-tested) student loan never matters. The results may serve as a note of a caution to both higher education institutions and the students themselves to actively promote the integration of students with foreign backgrounds, whereas potential segregation by social class is less of a concern. © 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.UK
University of Dundee Lys 63 / Met 1-hybrid ubiquitin chains are commonly formed during the activation of innate immune signalling

We have reported previously that activation of the MyD88-signaling network rapidly induces the formation of hybrid ubiquitin chains containing both Lys63-linked and Met1-linked ubiquitin (Ub) oligomers, some of which are attached covalently to Interleukin Receptor Associated kinase 1. Here we show that Lys63/Met1-Ub hybrids are also formed rapidly when the TNFR1/TRADD, TLR3/TRIFand NOD1/ RIP2-signaling networks are activated, some of which are attached covalently to Receptor-Interacting Protein 1 (TNFR1 pathway) or Receptor-Interacting Protein 2 (NOD1 pathway). These observations suggest that the formation of Lys63/Met1-Ub hybrids are of general significance for the regulation of innate immune signaling systems, and their potential roles in vivo are discussed. We also report that TNFa induces the attachment of Met1-linked Ub chains directly to TNF receptor 1, which do not seem to be attached covalently to Lys63-linked or other types of ubiquitin chain. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
5-6 September 2013 , ISBN : 978-1-922069-29-0 1 A New Performance Reporting for Sustainability Projects

According to the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), an integrated report should display an organization’s stewardship not only of financial capital, but also of the other “capitals” (i.e. manufactured, human, intellectual, natural and social). Given this premise, the present contribution endeavours to highlight the process leading to the preparation of an integrated report which simultaneously combines traditional financial measures with Intellectual Capital (IC) indicators and long-term sustainability factors. The investigation concerns a company operating in the Electronics and Defence field, which has developed a model for managing Intellectual Capital within a sustainability scenario. The theoretical paradigm underlying the research is Interpretivism; more specifically, the study adopts an “action research” perspective (Jönsson & Lukka, 2005; Suomala, 2009). A framework aiming at fostering a sustainability management strategy was elaborated and successfully applied to a set of specific initiatives that will be implemented by the end of 2013. Each single project was subject to measurement, evaluation and reporting through the Intellectual Capital lens. The adoption of the proposed model represents an innovation in support of the organizational system, since it enables the company to manage sustainability initiatives by measuring the related firm-specific intangibles functional to the creation of value. Moreover, it also offers a valuable tool concerning the company’s intangible assets disclosure. However, a single case study limits the generalizing of any of the outlined findings.
Histopathological Effects of Boron on Mouse Liver Efectos

Boron is a non-metal element, commonly found in Nature as borates in sedimentary rocks, charcoal, oceans and soils. In Chile, it is found in high concentrations in the drinkable water of the XV region, in Arica city, in concentrations that exceed the WHO normative. The present work evaluates the effect of boron at a dose of 12 mg/L of water (equivalent to 0.0686 g of boric acid) given orally for 8,42 and 49 days to 3 experimental groups of 10 mice each. Liver sections were stained with PAS-hematoxyline (to evaluate glycogen), Mallory (to identify collagen fibers) and Picrosirius red with polarizing light to classify collagen fibers. Results indicate that boron evokes diverse effects in liver. Binucleated cells were evaluated and counted and results were analyzed with the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. Control group (8-day-old mice) had 22.9 binucleated cells per 200 hepatocytes and the boron exposed group (8-dayold mice) showed 28.5 (p>0.05). Therefore, there are not significant differences among these groups. In the 126-day-old mice, the control group had 43.9 binucleated cells per 200 hepatocytes and the boron exposed group showed 76.0, a statistically significant difference (p<0.01). Regarding PAS staining, intensity was classified as low, moderate or intense and analysis was done with the Chi-Square test. All control and experimental groups differed with slight statistical significance (p=0.05). With regard to Mallory staining, intensity was examined in two specific areas: portal triads (PTr) and central veins (CV). There were significant augments in both PTr and CV results after experimental and control groups comparison. Picrosirius red staining examined in polarized microscopy revealed that collagen III was predominant in boron treated mice, denoting collagenolysis of collagen I as toxical effect of boron. In conclusion, boron alters glycogen distribution and collagen quality and deposition in the two examined areas, whereas binucleated cells behave differently in young and adult animals.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Comment : The Emotional Basis of Toxic Affect Fischer

I focus on some differences between negative emotional states and how they are coped with in explaining different cardiac risks. The different cognitive, motivational, and physiological characteristics of emotions imply different appraisals of the negative event, and different resources to cope with the event. Cardiovascular activity depends on these different appraisals and coping strategies. For example, cortisol levels have shown to be differently associated with anger and fear responses to social stress. In addition, different ways to regulate one’s emotions are also associated with different bodily responses that may increase or decrease cardiac risks. Future research should not only examine different emotions to stressors, but also more long-term regulation strategies and coping resources, such
Review of Geant 4 Applications in Radiobiology

Article type: Review Article Introduction: Ionizing radiation is widely used in industry and medicine; however, it causes a significant health hazard by making microscopic damage to living tissue. Various biological parameters, including cell survival fraction and relative biological effectiveness, are taken into account to assess the severity and extent of biological damages. Microdosimetry suffers from various shortcomings and limitations, but the development of some powerful simulation software has paved the way to resolve these problems in recent years. Material and Methods: In this study, the authors were looked for two keywords (Geant4 and radiobiology) in the title, abstracts, and keywords of Scopus and PubMed database articles. Results: More than 100 articles were found. The researchers extracted the articles that were devoted to the construction of different geometries for DNA, nucleus, and cells as simulate the parameters, such as relative biological effectiveness, SF, linear energy transfer, and single-strand breaks/double-strand breaks in the present study. Conclusion: Geant4 is one of the software commonly used to simulate biological factors. It has many properties, such as the ability to follow up physical processes in very low energy, open source code, and flexibility in complex geometries. In this paper, we reviewed some of the radiobiological parameters simulated with Geant4. Article history: Received: May 21, 2018 Accepted: Aug 04, 2018