Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of donor cardiopulmonary arrest in human liver transplantation: Possible role of ischemic preconditioning

Hepatic allografts from donors who have suffered a brief cardiopulmonary arrest may sustain ischemic damage before organ procurement. However, there is no reported correlation between donor cardiopulmonary arrest and hepatic allograft dysfunction. On the other hand, brief ischemia‐reperfusion injury has been shown experimentally to result in protection in several organ models. Induction of ischemic tolerance has been called ischemic preconditioning. Our objective was to study the influence of brief donor cardiopulmonary arrest on hepatic allograft outcome in human liver transplantation. Between May 1997 and July 1998, 181 consecutive orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) cases were divided into 2 groups based on the occurrence of donor cardiopulmonary arrest. Group A consisted of 37 donors who suffered a cardiopulmonary arrest. Group B consisted of the remaining 144 patients. Liver graft survival within 90 days of OLT and early postoperative graft function were analyzed. Although there was significant liver damage resulting from circulatory failure during cardiopulmonary arrest before organ procurement in group A, graft survival was not affected. After OLT, the mean peak aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase concentrations in group A (1,444.1 and 718.2 U/L) were significantly lower than those in group B (2,382.8 and 1,507.3 U/L) (P < .05). Experiences of brief cardiopulmonary arrest in organ donors did not affect post‐OLT hepatic allograft survival and function. Although the liver function tests are elevated in an organ donor, the hepatic allograft is suitable for OLT if the liver damage is induced by brief donor cardiopulmonary arrest.
Wafer level compression molding compounds

Recently, electronic products are becoming smaller and thinner. In parallel, semiconductor packages inside the electronic products are also more miniaturized and thinner. In 2006, Infineon has invented new package configuration, which is fan out type wafer level packages called embedded wafar-level ball grid array (eWLB). At this moment, liquid molding compounds are mainly used for eWLB as encapsulant. However, liquid molding compounds have some problems like expensive material cost, high warpage, high die stand-off caused by molding shrinkage, and so on. In this work, advantages of solid molding compounds were confirmed for fan out wafer level package. Comparing to liquid compound, our developed solid compound had better results in warpage of molded wafer. Warpage behavior of molded wafer over the assembly process such as redistribution process or ball attach process was stable. Package warpage of developed solid compound was almost flat over the temperature. It was confirmed that high filler content was necessary for large area compression molding to prevent warpage issue. Liquid molding compound often shows high die stand-off, formation of reaction layer between liquid compound and thermal release tape which could affect following redistribution process. In the case of developed solid compound, neither die stand-off nor reaction layers were detected after debonding the thermal release tape. Compatibility between the developed solid molding compound and dielectric material for redistribution process was confirmed to be good with Polyimide, PBO, another low temperature curable dielectric material, and build-up material which were produced by HD MicroSystems and Hitachi Chemical. The molded package made with various dielectric materials successfully passed 1000 cycles of temperature cycle test (-55-125°C air to air), 336 hour of unbiased highly accelerated stress test (uHAST), and moisture sensitivity level 1 (MSL1) test. In this work, moldability of wafer level compression mold underfill material with flip chip stacked die was also confirmed. This material could be used for 2.5D/3D through silicon via (TSV) structures. Wafer level compression over mold and mold underfill were done at one molding step. Optimization of filler distribution and size of filler top cut were confirmed to be important for good underfilling.
The effect of short messaging service text on non-attendance in a general ophthalmology clinic

To our knowledge there have been no previous studies that have examined the effect of short messaging service (SMS) text messaging reminders to both mobile and landlines on the ‘did not attend’ (DNA) rate in adult hospital clinic attendees. Our aim was to determine the effectiveness of a text messaging reminder in improving attendance in return general ophthalmology clinic patients. Ophthalmology clinic patients requiring a follow-up appointment were invited to enter the study. An information leaflet was provided and patients were contacted two weeks before their scheduled appointment by way of a customized text message to either the mobile phone or landline. The non-attendance rate compared with historic non-attendance rate was recorded. Two hundred and one patients were recruited. The historic DNA rate was 12%. The DNA rate in the SMS text reminder group was reduced to 5.5% (11 patients). The historic ‘Could not attend’ (CNA) rate of 6% had been reduced to 2% (4 patients). Forty-seven percent of patients used mobile phone technology with text messaging capability and 69% responded to the text reminder. In conclusion, routine SMS texting is a cost-effective means of reducing DNAs and should become standard practice. In addition, two-way messaging could allow for further efficiency as advance notification of patient cancellations facilitates re-scheduling of alternative patients.
Evidence-based management of recurrent miscarriages

Recurrent miscarriages are postimplantation failures in natural conception; they are also termed as habitual abortions or recurrent pregnancy losses. Recurrent pregnancy loss is disheartening to the couple and to the treating clinician. There has been a wide range of research from aetiology to management of recurrent pregnancy loss. It is one of the most debated topic among clinicians and academics. The ideal management is unanswered. This review is aimed to produce an evidence-based guidance on clinical management of recurrent miscarriage. The review is structured to be clinically relevant. We have searched electronic databases (PubMed and Embase) using different key words. We have combined the searches and arranged them with the hierarchy of evidences. We have critically appraised the evidence to produce a concise answer for clinical practice. We have graded the evidence from level I to V on which these recommendations are based.
The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study: an overview.

BACKGROUND The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) is a 3-arm study that includes two multicenter randomized clinical trials designed to compare the effectiveness of brachytherapy to enucleation for treatment of medium-size choroidal melanomas, and the effectiveness of enucleation with and without preoperative external-beam radiotherapy for large choroidal melanomas. The third arm is an observational study of small choroidal melanomas. Patient accrual ran from 1987 to 1998. METHODS A review of COMS published reports was conducted. RESULTS There is no difference in 5-year all-cause mortality for large- and medium-size choroidal melanomas with COMS-designated treatments. Preoperative radiation for large choroidal melanomas does not improve survival. The accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of choroidal melanoma is excellent. CONCLUSIONS Data from the trials are still being collected and analyzed, but primary outcomes will unlikely change significantly in the future. Similar rates of mortality after treatment with enucleation and brachytherapy shift the emphasis of selection of therapy to secondary outcomes such as preservation of vision. The findings highlight the need to better understand the biological mechanisms and timing of hematogenous dissemination to achieve an appreciable impact on choroidal melanoma survival.
Fluorescein filling defects and quantitative morphologic analysis of the optic nerve head in glaucoma.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate absolute filling defects of the optic nerve head in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and to compare the filling defects with topographic analysis of the optic disc. METHODS Twenty-five patients with NTG, 25 patients with POAG, and 25 age-matched controls were included. Fluorescein angiograms were performed by means of a scanning laser ophthalmoscope. The extent of absolute filling defects of the optic nerve head was assessed using digital image analysis of early-phase angiograms. Topographic measurements of the optic disc were acquired using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II. RESULTS Absolute filling defects were significantly larger (P =.001) and were seen more often (P<.001) in patients with NTG (n = 18) and POAG (n = 19) compared with controls (n = 3). Rim area (P =.006), rim volume (P =.007), cup-disc area ratio (P =.008), linear cup-disc ratio (P =.005), maximum cup depth (P =.002), cup shape measure (P =.03), and nerve fiber layer thickness (P =.008) and cross-sectional area (P =.006) were significantly different between patients with glaucoma and controls. Absolute filling defects were significantly correlated with cup area (r = 0.31; P =.007), rim area (r = -0.38; P<.001), rim volume (r = -0.35; P =.002), cup-disc area ratio (r = 0.49; P<.001), linear cup-disc ratio (r = 0.48; P<.001), cup shape measure (r = 0.27; P =.02), and nerve fiber layer thickness (r = -0.33; P =.004) and cross-sectional area (r = -0.30; P =.009). CONCLUSIONS Fluorescein filling defects of the optic disc are present in NTG and POAG. The extent of these filling defects is correlated with the morphologic disc damage.
Automatic Moving Object Extraction Through a Real-World Variable-Bandwidth Network for Traffic Monitoring Systems

Automated motion detection has become an increasingly important subject in traffic surveillance systems. Video communication in traffic surveillance systems may experience network congestion or unstable bandwidth over real-world networks with limited bandwidth, which is harmful in regard to motion detection in video streams of variable bit rate. In this paper, we propose a unique Fisher's linear discriminant-based radial basis function network motion detection approach for accurate and complete detection of moving objects in video streams of both high and low bit rates. The proposed approach is accomplished through a combination of two stages: adaptive pattern generation (APG) and moving object extraction (MOE). For the APG stage, the variable-bit-rate video stream properties are accommodated by the proposed approach, which subsequently distinguishes the moving objects within the regions belonging to the moving object class by using two devised procedures during the MOE stage. Qualitative and quantitative detection accuracy evaluations show that the proposed approach exhibits superior efficacy when compared to previous methods. For example, accuracy rates produced by F1 and Similarity metrics for the proposed approach were, respectively, up to 92.23% and 88.24% higher than those produced for other previous methods.
All-Terrain Vehicle–Related Nonfatal Injuries Among Young Riders: United States, 2001–2003

Background. All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) have gained in popularity in recent years, and this rise in use has been accompanied by increases in the number of ATV-related injuries. Because children often lack the physical strength, cognitive abilities, and fine motor skills to operate ATVs properly, their risk for injury is greater. Furthermore, most children ride adult-sized ATVs. Objectives. To estimate the numbers and rates of ATV-related nonfatal injuries to riders aged ≤15 years who were treated in hospital emergency departments (EDs) in the United States from 2001 through 2003. Methods. Estimates of ATV-related injuries were obtained from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program. The database is a nationally representative, stratified probability sample of 66 US hospitals with ≥6 beds and a 24-hour ED. ATV-related nonfatal injuries to riders aged ≤15 years who were treated in hospital EDs were examined by age group, gender, primary body part injured, diagnosis, and hospital admission status. Results. From 2001 through 2003, an estimated 108724 children aged ≤15 years were treated in hospital EDs for nonfatal injuries sustained while riding ATVs. The number of ATV-related injuries increased by 25% over the 3-year period. Males aged 11 to 15 years accounted for 52% of all ATV-related ED visits and hospitalizations among young riders. Children aged 0 to 5 years were more likely than the older children to have facial injuries, whereas the older children were more likely to sustain lower trunk and leg or foot injuries. Fractures were the most common diagnosis, accounting for 27% of ED visits and 45% of hospitalizations. Conclusions. Current legal and regulatory standards have been ineffective in reducing injuries among young ATV riders. Renewed efforts by health care providers to counsel parents about the injury risk to children who ride ATVs and advocate for more stringent state-level minimum age requirements may help reduce the escalating rates of ATV-related injuries among young riders.
Induction of Tolerance to Innocuous Inhaled Antigen Relies on a CCR7-Dependent Dendritic Cell-Mediated Antigen Transport to the Bronchial Lymph Node1

Allergic airway diseases such as asthma are caused by a failure of the immune system to induce tolerance against environmental Ags. The underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms that initiate tolerance are only partly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that a CCR7-dependent migration of both CD103+ and CD103− lung dendritic cells (DC) to the bronchial lymph node (brLN) is indispensable for this process. Although inhaled Ag is amply present in the brLN of CCR7-deficient mice, T cells cannot be tolerized because of the impaired migration of Ag-carrying DC and subsequent transport of Ag from the lung to the draining lymph node. Consequently, the repeated inhalation of Ag protects wild-type but not CCR7-deficient mice from developing allergic airway diseases. Thus, the continuous DC-mediated transport of inhaled Ag to the brLN is critical for the induction of tolerance to innocuous Ags.
A national evaluation of school breakfast clubs: evidence from a cluster randomized controlled trial and an observational analysis.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To measure the health, educational and social impacts of breakfast club provision in schools serving deprived areas across England. DESIGN A cluster randomized controlled trial and an observational analysis. SETTING England, the UK. INTERVENTION funding to establish a school-based breakfast club vs. control (no funding). MAIN RESULTS Intention to treat analysis showed improved concentration (Trail Making Test Part A) amongst the intervention group at 3 months. Fewer pupils within the intervention group reported having skipped classes within the last month and fewer pupils within the intervention group reported having skipped 1 or more days of school within the last month at 1 year. Observational analysis at 1 year showed a higher proportion of primary-aged breakfast club attendees reported eating fruit for breakfast in comparison to non-attendees. A higher proportion of breakfast club attendees had borderline or abnormal conduct and total difficulties scores (primary-aged pupils) and prosocial score (secondary-aged pupils). CONCLUSIONS Analyses revealed a mixed picture of benefit and apparent disbenefit. This study illustrated the challenges of evaluating a complex intervention in which the evaluators had less control than is usual in randomized trials over recruitment, eligibility checking and implementation. If the impact of new policy initiatives is to be assessed using the most robust forms of evaluation, social policy needs to be organized so that evaluations can be constructed as experiments. This is likely to prove most difficult where the perceived value of implementing an intervention rapidly is high.
A longitudinal study of dental caries risk among very young low SES children.

OBJECTIVES Early childhood caries (ECC) is a challenging public health problem in the United States and elsewhere; however, there is limited information concerning risk factors in very young children. The purpose of this study was to assess baseline risk factors for 18-month caries prevalence as part of a longitudinal study of high-risk children. METHODS About 212 children, 6-24 months of age were recruited from a rural community in Iowa. Subjects were enrolled in the WIC program, which provides nutritional support for low-income families with children. Dental examinations using d1, d2-3 criteria were conducted at baseline and after 18 months. Caries prevalence was determined at the frank decay level (d2-3 or filled surfaces), as well as at the noncavitated level (d1), and combined (d1, d2-3 or f surfaces). Risk factor data were collected at baseline and after 9- and 18- months. These data included beverage consumption data, presence of visible plaque, and use of fluoride toothpaste for children as well as mutans streptococci (MS) levels of mothers and children and family sociodemographic factors. RESULTS About 128 children (60%) remained in the study after 18 months. Among these children, prevalence of d1,d2-3/f level caries increased from 9% to 77%, while d2-3/f level caries increased from 2% to 20%. Logistic regression models for baseline predictors of d2-3f caries at the 18-month follow-up found the presence of MS in children (OR=4.4; 95% CI: 1.4, 13.9) and sugar-sweetened beverages (OR=3.0; 95% CI: 1.1, 8.6) to be the only significant risk factors. Sociodemographic factors and the use of fluoride toothpaste were not significant in these models. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that early colonization by MS and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages are significant predictors of ECC in high-risk populations.
Lack of specific symptomatology in children with acute otitis media.

Although the symptoms of the acutely ill child are important both in the diagnosis and follow-up of acute otitis media (AOM), data about them are quite limited. We carried out a prospective survey by collecting information on 354 consecutive children visiting a pediatrician, otolaryngologist or general practitioner because of any kind of acute symptoms to compare symptoms of children with acute otitis media with those of children with other acute infectious diseases. The symptoms and signs observed at home were recorded by the parents before the visit and the findings in the physical examination were recorded later by the physician. AOM was diagnosed in 191 patients (54.0%). The most important symptoms increasing the likelihood of AOM significantly were ear-related symptoms, such as earache (relative risk (RR) 5.4; P < 0.001), rubbing of the ear (RR 5.0; P < 0.001) and feeling of blocked ear (RR 4.5; P < 0.05). However, only 67.7% of children younger than 2 years of age with AOM had any ear-related symptoms. The children with tympanostomy tubes had earache (47.8%) and rubbing of the ear (58.8%) of the same magnitude as did children without tubes. Rhinitis increased the likelihood of AOM (RR 2.3; P < 0.001) as did excessive crying in children older than 2 years of age (RR 3.0; P < 0.001). Fever, earache or excessive crying was present in 90.1% of patients with AOM but also in 72.4% of patients without AOM. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Parametric modelling of cost data in medical studies

The cost of medical resources used is often recorded for each patient in clinical studies in order to inform decision‐making. Although cost data are generally skewed to the right, interest is in making inferences about the population mean cost. Common methods for non‐normal data, such as data transformation, assuming asymptotic normality of the sample mean or non‐parametric bootstrapping, are not ideal. This paper describes possible parametric models for analysing cost data.
Socioeconomic and Cultural Correlates of Diet Quality in the Canadian Arctic: Results from the 2007-2008 Inuit Health Survey.

PURPOSE We examined the impact of socioeconomic and cultural factors on dietary quality in adult Inuit living in the Canadian Arctic. METHODS Interviews and a 24-h dietary recall were administered to 805 men and 1292 women from Inuit regions in the Canadian Arctic. We examined the effect of age, sex, education, income, employment, and cultural variables on respondents' energy, macronutrient intake, sodium/potassium ratio, and healthy eating index. Logistic regression was used to assess the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on diet quality indicators. RESULTS Age was positively associated with traditional food (TF) consumption and greater energy from protein but negatively associated with total energy and fibre intake. Associations between SES and diet quality differed considerably between men and women and there was considerable regional variability in diet quality measures. Age and cultural variables were significant predictors of diet quality in logistic regression. Increased age and use of the Inuit language in the home were the most significant predictors of TF consumption. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with studies reporting a nutrition transition in circumpolar Inuit. We found considerable variability in diet quality and complex interaction between SES and cultural variables producing mixed effects that differ by age and gender.
High-Frequency Circuit Simulator: An Advanced Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Electromagnetic-Simulation Tool for Microwave Tubes

A 3-D advanced specialized simulator for designing a microwave-tube slow-wave structure (SWS), called the high-frequency circuit simulator (HFCS), has been developed. It is one module of our recently developed microwave-tube simulator suite. The four major features of the HFCS are as follows: 1) Both the lower and higher order tetrahedral basis functions are applied in the finite-element analysis; 2) two kinds of periodic boundary-condition techniques are proposed, one of which dramatically reduces memory requirements and solution times; 3) the Arnoldi algorithm is modified to more efficiently solve the required generalized eigenmatrix equation; and 4) the postprocessing parameters of the SWS can precisely be computed with the tangential-vector finite-element method. Various numerical examples are solved using HFCS. The accuracy and the performance of the HFCS are compared with commercial software HFSS and CST MWS. It is found that the results from the HFCS agree well with the experimental values as well as the simulated values from the commercial software packages. Moreover, the HFCS takes far lesser solution time and requires lesser memory than the commercial software in the simulation of two examples of SWSs, enabling faster prototyping and more elaborate design optimizations.