Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Knowledge Gaps in Mathematical Applications of Thermal Image Processing Techniques for Fire Prevention

In this article, we present literature reviews on fire prevention methods, especially in mining industries, using thermal image processing techniques. Fire protection systems are crucial because of the increased loss of human lives due to coal fires and fatal explosions in coal mines across the world in the past few decades. And with the growth in the demand for energy and the mining of coal expected up to the year 2050, determining conditions leading up to a breakout of fire is paramount. To detect uncertain fire breakout conditions, thermal imaging is considered the most significant among several early warning methods to recognize spontaneous combustion of coal piles (e.g., temperature recordings by sensors, compaction testing of ore seam, gas tests). The evolution of thermographic imaging applied in various industrial sectors (e.g., coal furnaces, oil tankers, building inspections, security) with numerous applications of mathematical models will be presented in the light of safety dimensions in the mining industry. The missing links or unattended areas of mathematics in the application of thermal image processing in mining, especially in the coal industry, will be evolved as the gap in knowledge suggested in our concluding statements.
Comparison Study on Critical Components in Composition Model for Phrase Representation

Phrase representation, an important step in many NLP tasks, involves representing phrases as continuous-valued vectors. This article presents detailed comparisons concerning the effects of word vectors, training data, and the composition and objective function used in a composition model for phrase representation. Specifically, we first discuss how the augmented word representations affect the performance of the composition model. Then, we investigate whether different types of training data influence the performance of the composition model and, if so, how they influence it. Finally, we evaluate combinations of different composition and objective functions and discuss the factors related to composition model performance. All evaluations were conducted in both English and Chinese. Our main findings are as follows: (1) The Additive model with semantic enhanced word vectors performs comparably to the state-of-the-art model; (2) The Additive model which updates augmented word vectors and the Matrix model with semantic enhanced word vectors systematically outperforms the state-of-the-art model in bigram and multi-word phrase similarity task, respectively; (3) Representing the high frequency phrases by estimating their surrounding contexts is a good training objective for bigram phrase similarity tasks; and (4) The performance gain of composition model with semantic enhanced word vectors is due to the composition function and the greater weight attached to important words. Previous works focus on the composition function; however, our findings indicate that other components in the composition model (especially word representation) make a critical difference in phrase representation.
Dietary intakes of adolescent girls in relation to weight

Background: To examine macronutrient and micronutrient intake of adolescent girls of Tehran, capital of Iran to discover any malnutrition in relation to weight status and dieting. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Four hundred 11- to 17-year-old students were selected by multistage cluster sampling from secondary and high schools of Tehran. The information about dietary intakes was taken by food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall form. The students’ body mass indices (BMIs) were measured and were classified according to National Center for Health Statistics /Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2000) growth charts. Participants were also questioned about body image and dieting. Results: 6.7% of adolescent girls were classified as being obese, 14.6% overweight, 75.4% normal and 3.2% underweight. Students 11-13 year old, had mean intakes lower than estimated average requirement (EAR) for folic acid, vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium, and 14-18 year old students had mean intakes lower than EAR for niacin, pyridoxine, folic acid, pantothenic acid, vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and zinc. Obese and overweight adolescents had less carbohydrate, thiamin, niacin, iron and selenium intake. The participants, who were dieting, used significantly less amounts of proteins, carbohydrates, thiamin, niacin, iron, selenium, sodium and zinc. Conclusion: Knowing the harmful consequences of nutrient deficiency especially in adolescents, nutrition education must be emphasized in schools to promote nutritional literacy.
On HIV-1 latency and viral reservoirs

HIV-­‐1 establishes a latent infection that is inaccessible to treatment in cellular and anatomical reservoirs. This thesis concerns several problematic issues of HIV-­‐1 persistence, including ways to measure and monitor both the virus at low viral concentrations and the depletion of the reservoir. Since the central nervous system (CNS) is a potentially important anatomical reservoir, we also explore the extent of neurological injury in HIV-­‐1 disease. Results from a previous study indicate that the reservoir in resting memory CD4+ T-­‐cells and levels of residual viremia was reduced through intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment given to patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We analyzed T-­‐cell activation markers and potential long-­‐term effects of IVIG on residual viremia. We found no lasting effect on residual viremia, indicating that the effect of IVIG was transient. Activation markers and interleukins were not correlated to levels of residual viremia. Correct measurements of residual viremia and of the reservoir size are crucial in HIV-­‐1 eradication trials and may have other clinical utility. The methods employed need to be sensitive and subtype independent. We evaluated a modification of the COBAS TaqMan HIV-­‐1 test, version 2.0 and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for total HIV-­‐1 DNA. We achieved a sensitive quantification of plasma HIV-­‐1 RNA that could be used to assess residual viremia. Sensitive quantification of total HIV-­‐1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was demonstrated and both assays were subtype independent. Low level viremia in patients on cART, defined as a residual viral load of 20–1000 copies/ml is associated with increased risk of virologic failure. We evaluated a method used for sequencing in the case of low level viremia. The method was sensitive and also subtype independent, a feature making it useful in clinical settings where a diversity of subtypes is present. HIV-­‐1 establishes a chronic infection that also infiltrates the CNS and carries the risk of developing neurological symptoms. By measuring neurofilament light protein (NFL) and markers of inflammation in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we wished to determine the extent of neurological injury and neuropathogenesis in HIV-­‐1 disease. We found increased CSF NFL both in patients with neurological symptoms and in neuroasymptomatic patients. Treatment decreased these levels, but treated patients still retained higher levels than controls, indicating either continued virus-­‐related injury or an aging-­‐like effect of HIV-­‐1 infection. Keywords: HIV-­‐1, latency, intravenous immunoglobulin, residual viremia, low level viremia, ultrasensitive PCR methods, central nervous system ISBN: 978-­‐91-­‐628-­‐9376-­‐7
Evaluate Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Indian Insulin Sensitive &Resistant Subjects Using Lipid Profile & Visceral Fat Measurement

India is considered as capital of diabetes because India already leads the world with the largest number of diabetic subjects (nearly 40 million) and it is predicted that this numberwould reach almost 80 million by the year 2030. There are research works those indicate towards the genetic liab ility of Indians towards theinsulin resistance, diabetes & obesity. Indians also show much body fat than other ethnic groups.Central or abdo minal obesity has been shown to be an important predictor for increased morb idity and mortality fro m diabetes and coronary heart disease. The constellation of insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, hypertension and intra-abdominal ad iposity (IAA) is called metabolic syndrome. Even though there is very little research work is done in direction of insulin resistancein India. The objective of the study was to evaluate whether v isceral fat & lipid profile was associated with insulin resistance in centrally obese people of Bhavnagar, Gujrat . This cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 individuals with normal glucose tolerance (38 males and 32 females). The major criteria for selection of subject were that person should be having metabolic syndrome. Visceral fat measurement was done by body composition monitor. Insulin resistance was measured by HOMA-IR formu la with the help of fasting insulin & glucose level. Subjects were div ided in to insulin resistant people (cases) & non-insulin resistant people (controls). Lip id profile was analysed in each subject. Lip id profile contains total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum h igh density lipoprotein (HDL), serum lo w density lipoprotein (LDL), seru m very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Analysis of data with unpaired t-test using graph pad software revealed that there was significant difference in v isceral fat, HDL & VLDL (P< 0.05) in between insulin resistant & insulin sensitive people. Insulin resistant people show higher visceral fat score & abnormal lipid profile wh ich are potential cardio vascular risk factors. Outcome of the study indicate that insulin resistant people show more card iovascular liability. Imp lication of study tells that as, insulin resistance is reversible at this phase we can take preventive step & focus our preventive guide lines to the insulin resistant people who are high risk subjects. So, the insulin resistance is subject of prime importance & subjects having metabolic syndrome should be primarily focused with preventive guide lines.
Phytosterol-enriched foods: role in lowering serum cholesterol level, community authorising and conditions of marketing.

Abstract Phytosterols are isoprene compounds that may be found in a great variety of different food products. Most important phytosterol compounds are β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol. Plant sources of phytosterols are oily seeds, nuts, plant oils, grains, and pulses. Many controlled clinical studies have demonstrated their ability to reduce blood cholesterol levels in hyper- and normocholesterolaemic subjects. Investigators report that phytosterol intakes of 2 to 3 g/day reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by about 7 to 11% in human subjects, while LDL and TG levels show no change. Phytosterol intake higher than 3 g daily results in no greater decrease of LDL level, but even the consumption of 8.6 g/day has no detrimental effect on human health. Documented side effect of elevated phytosterol intake is the reduced level of certain carotenoids in sera but this effect can be balanced by increased consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in carotenoids. Subjects having heredita.
Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of Levofloxacin versus Ceftriaxone Sodium and Erythromycin Followed by Clarithromycin and Amoxicillin- Clavulanate in the Treatment of Serious Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults

This randomized, multicenter, phase IV, comparative trial, which was designed to show equivalence, compared the efficacy of levofloxacin with that of a β-lactam-macrolide combination in the treatment of 269 seriously ill patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment arms: (1) levofloxacin, 500 mg intravenously, followed by oral administration, every 24 h for 7-14 days, or (2) ceftriaxone sodium, 1-2 g intravenously or intramuscularly every 24 h, with erythromycin, 500-1000 mg intravenously every 6 h, and then switched to amoxicillin-clavulanate, 875 mg orally twice daily, with clarithromycin, 500 mg orally twice daily for 7-14 days. Among patients evaluable for clinical efficacy, 89.5% of levofloxacin-treated patients (85 of 95 patients) and 83.1% of comparator-treated patients (74 of 89 patients) achieved clinical success (a cure or an improved condition). Both levofloxacin and the comparator were safe and well tolerated, with gastrointestinal disorders being the most common adverse event in both groups. Levofloxacin was as efficacious as the β-lactam-macrolide combination in the treatment of seriously ill patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
How Smart Does Your Profile Image Look?: Estimating Intelligence from Social Network Profile Images

Profile images on social networks are users' opportunity to present themselves and to affect how others judge them. We examine what Facebook images say about users' perceived and measured intelligence. 1,122 Facebook users completed a matrices intelligence test and shared their current Facebook profile image. Strangers also rated the images for perceived intelligence. We use automatically extracted image features to predict both measured and perceived intelligence. Intelligence estimation from images is a difficult task even for humans, but experimental results show that human accuracy can be equalled using computing methods. We report the image features that predict both measured and perceived intelligence, and highlight misleading features such as "smiling'' and "wearing glasses'' that are correlated with perceived but not measured intelligence. Our results give insights into inaccurate stereotyping from profile images and also have implications for privacy, especially since in most social networks profile images are public by default.
Occurrence and Phylogenetic Studies of Chicken Anemia Virus from Polish Broiler Flocks

SUMMARY. Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is a widespread chicken pathogen of significant economic importance. In 2013, broiler chicken flocks in Poland were examined for the presence of CAV, and phylogenetic relatedness between the strains was established. Ten cloacal swabs from each of 106 broiler flocks (birds aged 3–6 wk) were collected in different regions of the country and tested with the use of real-time PCR (all samples) and conventional PCR (those samples positive in real-time PCR) assays. The presence of CAV was detected in 16 of the flocks tested. Phylogenetic analysis clearly confirmed the existence of genetic diversity within the group of circulating CAV strains and their distinctiveness from vaccine strains used in Poland.
Hepatitis C virus infection in dialysis centers of Tabriz, Iran: a multicenter study

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver diseases among chronic renal failure (CRF) patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to identify the hepatitis C virus infection in patients under dialysis therapy from Tabriz, northwest Iran and estimate the risk factors. Materials and methods: Sera of 462 chronic renal failure patients from five dialysis units were screened for hepatitis C antibody and HCV RNA. The mean age of patients was 52.7±16.5 years and 55% were male. Results: Totally, 69 patients (14.9%) were found to be HCV seropositive by ELISA 3 assay and 64 were HCV RNA positive giving an overall prevalence of 10.2%. History of blood transfusion seems to be a significant risk factor. Drug abusers (6.5%), patients with a history of surgical interventions (78.3%) or renal transplantation (32.6%) had a higher risk for infection with HCV while patients who had received peritoneal dialysis (14.4%) had a low infection rate. Conclusion: This study gives added evidence of increased risk for HCV infection of CRF patients under dialysis with the duration and frequency of hemodialysis, which may be reduced by early transplantation. Considering the immune insufficiency in such patients who receive several interventions, serious education about sanitation to patients and medical staff will be of assistance.
A Constraint Qualification for a Dynamic Traffic Assignment Model

This note resolves a hitherto open question as to whether a dynamic traffic assignment model, which was developed and analyzed in earlier issues of this journal, satisfies a “constraint qualification. ” It is shown that the model does in fact satisfy a constraint qualification, which establishes the validity of the optimality analysis presented by previous authors.
Branch-and-Price-and-Cut for the Active-Passive Vehicle-Routing Problem

This paper presents a branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm for the exact solution of the active-passive vehicle-routing problem (APVRP). The APVRP covers a range of logistics applications where pickup-and-delivery requests necessitate a joint operation of active vehicles (e.g., trucks) and passive vehicles (e.g., loading devices such as containers or swap bodies). The objective is to minimize a weighted sum of the total distance traveled, the total completion time of the routes, and the number of unserved requests. To this end, the problem supports a flexible coupling and decoupling of active and passive vehicles at customer locations. Accordingly, the operations of the vehicles have to be synchronized carefully in the planning. The contribution of the paper is twofold: First, we present an exact branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm for this class of routing problems with synchronization constraints. To our knowledge, this algorithm is the first such approach that considers explicitly the temporal interdepend.
SERUM CYTOKINES (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β AND IFN-γ) IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS: A CLOSE CORRELATION BETWEEN SERUM IL-6 AND DISEASE ACTIVITY AND SEVERITY

: The aim of our study was to analyse the serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels in patients with AS and their relationship with disease activity. An ELISA test was used to analyse serum cytokine (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma) levels in 69 patients with AS. Results were compared with those from 43 patients with RA and 36 patients with non-inflammatory back pain. The relationship between serum concentrations of the different cytokines and parameters of disease activity and severity in AS patients was also evaluated. IL-6 and TNF-alpha serum levels, but not IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma, were significantly higher in AS than in NIBP. However, patients with RA showed higher serum levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma than both AS and NIBP patients. In AS, IL-6 correlated with clinical parameters of disease activity with significant correlation being observed with laboratory parameters of inflammation such as ESR, CRP, platelet count and clinical parameters of severity such as vertebral mobility. TNF-alpha did not correlate with laboratory or clinical parameters of activity. Macrophagic cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6), are increased in AS patients and IL-6 closely correlated with the activity of the disease.
Sedative Effect of Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam in Transesophageal Echocardiographic Examination

Background and purpose: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is established as a sensitive and accurate diagnostic method for the rapid assessment of cardiovascular diseases. It is believed that dexmedetomidine might be useful for sedating patients undergoing TEE. This study compared the use of dexmedetomidine and midazolam in patients undergoing TEE. Materials and methods: In a clinical trial, 48 patients undergoing TEE were randomly divided to receive either dexmedetomidine 1µg kg/i.v. over 10 min, followed by 0. 2µg kg/i.v infusion, or midazolam 2 mg/i.v. Patients' sedation level was determined according to Ramsay Sedation Scale, degree of analgesia, patients' satisfaction, arterial pressure, heart rate (HR) and readiness for discharge from recovery room. Results: Degree of analgesia, in the group receiving dexmedetomidine was found higher compared with that of the midazolam group (3.67±0.86 vs 0.83±0.56, P<0.001). The level of patients satisfaction with sedation was also higher in dexmedetomidine group (P=0.001). Readiness for discharge in the two groups were 7.08±1.17 and 3.71±1.57 min, respectively (P=0.001). Blood pressure and heart rate were similar in both groups. Conclusion: Our study suggests that compared to midazolam, dexmedetomidine is more suitable in sedation of patients undergoing TEE.
Concerns of Children with Parents in Nursing Homes

This descriptive study involved questioning 106 children about their perception of factors related to the placement of their parents in nursing homes. Results indicated over half of the decisions were related to parental health and availability of family care. Relationships between family members usually remained the same or improved after placement. Children felt the need for personal suppon, medical advice, and information about alternatives and agencies. The majority of these needs were not met. Feelings of love, sadness, guilt, helplessness, and resignation were common. Family counseling and supportive educational groups are recommended to aid decision making and adjustment.
Comparative Analysis of Pasteurella multocida Isolates from Acute and Chronic Fowl Cholera Cases in Hungary During the Period 2005 Through 2010

SUMMARY Fowl cholera (FC) is a highly contagious and economically important disease of poultry worldwide. This study was performed on 218 Pasteurella multocida isolates collected from separated breeding farms or backyards with acute and chronic FC cases in multiple localities across Hungary during the period 2005–2010. All isolates were characterized by a broad range of biochemical, serological, and molecular methods, as well as their antibiotic susceptibility to aminoglycosides (A), macrolides (M), penicillins (P), quinolones (Q), cephalosporins, sulphonamides (S), and tetracyclines (T) was determined. Fifty-two percent of all isolates belonged to a well-defined type that was highly virulent, caused acute FC, and had the same character: fermented L-arabinose, possessed capsule type A, identified as Heddleston serotype 1, and possessed allele type A of the ptfA fimbrial gene. This type was widely distributed among poultry in Hungary, especially in waterfowl flocks. Isolates collected from the chronic FC cases were more diverse: none of them fermented L-arabinose; they possessed capsule type A (76%), F (9%), or was non-typeable (15%) with different Heddleston serotypes, mainly 1, 3, 4, and 5, or 7 and 16; in addition, possessed allele type B of ptfA fimbrial gene. Only 26 isolates presented characters similar to any of the chronic FC cases but caused severe disease. The antibiotic susceptibility assay presented that 80% of all isolates were resistant to 1–5 of the studied antimicrobial agents. During the survey, after two years, there was a dramatic decline both in the number of the multi-drug resistance phenotypes and the prevalence of the highly virulent type of the isolates. In the next four years, multiresistant isolates were almost completely removed, whereas the number of isolates resistant to 1 or 2 drugs was constant. Reduced frequency of antibiotic multiresistant, mostly L-arabinose-fermenting isolates, has been observed since 2007. This reduction may be a consequence of the elimination of multiple waterfowl flocks in Hungary during avian influenza outbreaks, which possibly created a break in the “transmission chain” of pathogenic P. multocida isolates.