Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The long-run and short-run effects of foreign direct investment, foreign aid and remittances on economic growth in African countries

This paper investigates the long-run and short-run effects of foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign aid and migrant remittances on economic growth in 36 African countries over the period 1980–2016. Empirical evidence is based on Pooled Mean Group (PMG) approach. The following findings are established. First, while there is a positive and significant long-run relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth in Africa as a whole, the effect of remittances and foreign aid is insignificant. Second, in the short-run there is no evidence of any significant impact of FDI, remittances and foreign aid on economic growth. Third, results are still robust in the short-run when the panel is divided in three subsamples. However, in the long-run the effects of FDI, remittances and foreign aid on economic growth depend on the income level.
Mid-winter ultrastructural changes in the vegetative embryonic shoot of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]

Les changements ultrastructuraux de la tige embryonnaire vegetative d'epicea durant l'hiver sont decrits. En janvier, on n'observe pas de changements morphologiques ni anatomiques. On observe par contre, en l'espace de quelques jours seulement, des changements considerables au niveau cellulaire. Ceux-ci concernent avant tout les plastes (accumulation d'amidon) et les vacuoles a tanins (disparition des groupes aldehydes libres). Ces changements peuvent etre provoques par differents facteurs dont la temperature parait etre le plus important. Le glucose libere des tanins est probablement utilise dans la synthese d'amidon au moment de la sortie du repos hivernal.
Motorist response to a deer-sensing warning system

Abstract United States Highway 30 between Kemmerer and Cokeville, Wyoming bisects the migratory route of the Wyoming Range mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) herd and is the site of hundreds of deer–vehicle collisions each year. We tested the effectiveness of the FLASH™ (Flashing Light Animal Sensing Host, Victoria Gouch, Meridian, Id.) system, designed to detect deer presence on the highway and warn motorists by triggering flashing lights associated with a sign. We collected data on changes in vehicle speed in response to the warning system and conducted a series of experimental manipulations to determine motorist response to the system with various treatments involving the sign, the lights, and the presence of a deer decoy. Motorists in automobiles traveling at night reduced their speed the most (6%) in response to the normal operation of the system, with a mean speed reduction of 6 km/hour. During experimental manipulations motorists reduced their speed 20% when the deer decoy was present in the crossing, and responded less (7%) to the flashing lights and sign. The system tested may be effective in preventing deer–vehicle collisions in areas with a lower speed limit and more local traffic, but we believe it is not suitable for an application with high-speed traffic (i. e., >100 km/hour) and a high proportion of interstate traffic.
Structural chemistry of Mn , Fe , Co , and Ni in manganese hydrous oxides : Part I . Information from XANES spectroscopy

AssrRAcr The oxidation state and coordination number of Mn, Fe, and Co in hydrous manganese oxides have been investigated by high resolution XANES spectroscopy. At the MnK edge, spectral sensitivity is high enough to differentiate between Mn ions of different oxidation states and site octupations. Application of this technique to various poorly crystallized hydrous oxides, including samples of birnessite, vernadite, asbolane, and manganese goethite, indicates that Mn atoms are generally tetravalent. If low-valence Mn ions are present, they certainly make up less than 20 ato/o.In natural Fe-containing vernadite, Fe atoms are sixfold cooriinated, on the basis of a detection limit for t4lFe3+ ions of about l0 at0l0. Co has been found to be trivalent in both cobalt and cobalt nickel asbolane. MnK preedge spectra have also been demonstrated to be sensitive to the local structure of tetravalent manganate. Spectral intensity was found to depend on the ratio of edgeto corner-sharing MnOu octahedra: the larger the tunnel size of the manganate, the lower the intensity of the preedge. Application of this concept to the structure of 6-MnO, suggests that vernadite contains ur *utty corner-sharing octahedra as todorokite. On the basis of XANES data, 6-MnO, does not possess a layered structure and should not be considered as long-range disordered birnessite.
Best Practices and Interventions in Special Education: How Do We Know What Works?.

The critical issue in special education today is no longer the assurance of access, but rather, the assurance of effectiveness. Determining which practices and interventions are most effective and efficient for ensuring optimal student achievement is a fundamental concern of special education teachers in this era of accountability. In this discussion I examine three designs commonly used in special education research (experimental research designs, meta-analyses, and narrative research syntheses) and their utility and appropriateness for determining the efficacy of classroom practices and interventions.
Cyberlindnera (Pichia) fabianii infection in a neutropenic child: importance of molecular identification

Introduction: The number of fungal infections caused by uncommon fungi has increased in recent years. Cyberlindnera fabianii is a yeast species that is a rare cause of human infections. In previous cases, isolation of Cyberlindnera fabianii has been reported only from blood specimens and only infrequently. This report describes what we believe is the first case of isolation of Cyberlindnera fabianii from a urine specimen of an immunocompromised 5-year-old child who had a history of prolonged hospitalization and exposure to multiple antibacterial agents and who was neutropenic. Case presentation: A 5-year-old male child presented in paediatric emergency in a febrile (103 °F), conscious but confused and irritable state. A number of risk factors were present in the child including an immunocompromised state, prolonged prior hospitalization, exposure to multiple antibiotics, indwelling catheters and neutropenia. A urine culture showed pure and significant growth of Candida sp. , which was identified as Candida utilis (resistant to amphotericin B) by Vitek 2 Compact (bioMerieux). Subsequent 26S rRNA gene sequencing identified it as Cyberlindnera fabianii. Conclusion: Molecular assays have a major role in confirming the identity of uncommon fungal isolates, as correct identification is important for epidemiological purposes. It is imperative that antifungal susceptibility should be performed along with identification of the Candida sp.
Is It a Jungle Out There? Meat Packing, Immigrants, and Rural Communities

The shift of the U.S. meat packing industry from urban to rural areas has generated controversy regarding potential social and economic costs of meat packing plants on their host communities. This study uses media comments to identify the most prominent controversies regarding meat packing, its largely immigrant workforce, and rural communities. We find that the industry has impacted the demographic composition of rural communities and their schools, but find no evidence that the industry increases per capita government expenditures. Our results suggest rural communities trade off the economic benefits of hosting these large employers against the costs of accommodating needs of new residents.
Relationships Between Traumatic Events, Religious Coping Style, and Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder among Palestinians in the Gaza Strip

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of trauma due to Gaza war on Palestinians' PTSD and copings strategies. A sample of 374 adults, the age ranged from 21 to 60 years with mean age 41.5 (SD=8.6), 193 were males (53.9%) and 181 were females 46.1%. Participants completed measures of experience of traumatic events (Gaza Traumatic Events Checklist-20 items, War on Gaza), PTSD, and Ways of Coping Scale. Mean traumatic events experienced 5.4 traumatic events and 42% reported full criteria of PTSD. Mean coping scores was 107.28, acquiring social support mean was 29.59, reframing mean was 31.22, seeking spiritual support mean was 15.93, mobilizing family to acquire and accept help mean was 14.14, and positive appraisal mean was 13.89. Traumatic events were significantly negatively correlated to other coping strategies such as reframing and mobilizing family to acquire and accept help. Participants with no PTSD scored more coping, acquiring social support, reframing, and seeking spiritual support, positive appraisal. While, there was no significant differences in mobilizing family to acquire and accept help with PTSD.
Evaluation of antibiotic resistance in patients with urinary tract infection , khorramabad Madani hospital 2001-2002

هديكچ همدقم : عياش ياه يراميب زا يراردا تنوفع تسا يكدوك نارود لايرتكاب . دودح ٥ ٣ % و نارتخد ١ % تنوفع هب لاتبم نارسپ دنوش يم يراردا . ياه كيتويب يتنآ اب يبرجت نامرد و لكشم ،مواقم ياهشوس عويش شيازفا هطساو هب يراردا تنوفع نامرد و رتشيب تمواقم داجيا هب رجنم نيليس يسكومآ و لوزاسكوميرتوك ،نيليس يـپمآ لثـم جـيار هدش رتشيب ياه هنيزه فرص تـسا . ريز ناراميب رد يكيتويب يتنآ تمواقم يسررب هعلاطم نيا زا ام فدـه ١٤ يتنآ هجيتن ساسا رب راردا تبثم تشك اب لاس دوب مارگويب . اهـشور و داوـم ش م : لاسكي يط رد هك يناراميب هيلك يعطقم ـ يفيصوت هعلاطم نـيا رد ) ٨١ ٨٠ ( تسراميب هب يراردا تنوفع اب نا دندوب هدرك هعجارم دابآ مرخ ناكدوك ) ١٢٧ رفن ( دنتفرگ رارق يسررب دروم ، . مارگويب يتنآ و تشك ماجنا يارب يريگ هنومن شور دوب كيبوپارپوس نويساريپسآ ،يرتكنفسا ،لرتنك نودب لافطا رد و راردا طسو هنومن نتفرگ ،يراردا لرتنك دجاو ناراميب رد . اـه هتـفاي ه ف : اه هتـفاي ساـسا رـب دوب حرش نيا هب نايلاتبم راردا تشك رد هدرك دشر مسيناگرا ،يهاگشيامزآ ي : يلوكايشرشا ) ٣ / ٧٣ (% سوئتورپ ، ) ٦ / ١٢ (% لايسبلك ، ) ٤ / ٩ (% رتكابورتنا ) ١ / ٣ (% رتكابورتيس ، ) ٨ / ٠ (% اينيسري و ) ٨ / ٠ . (% تمواقم عومجم رد ناراميب رد يـكيتويب يـتنآ ٩ / ٩٦ % يناگراوركيم تمواقم نازيم و دوب دوب حرش نيا هب هدش تشك ياه كيتويب يتنآ هب اه مس : نيليـس يـپمآ ) ٢ / ٨٨ (% نيليس يسكومآ ، ) ٦ / ٨٦ (% لوزاسكوميرتوك ، ) ٦ / ٧٥ ( نيئوتناروفورتين ) ٩ / ١٨ (% ديسا كيسكيديلان ، ) ٢ / ١٠ (% ميسك يفس، ) ٧ / ٤ (% نوسكايرتفس ) ١ / ٣ (% نيسياماتنج ، ) ٨ / ١١ (% نيساكيمآ ، ) ١ / ٣ (% نيساسكولفورپيس ، ) ٧ / ٤ (% . يريـگ هجيـتن گ ت : يم زيوجت اه تنوفع رياس رد يجيار روط هب هك يكاروخ ياه كيتويب يتنآ هب تمواقم نازيم داد ناشن جياتـن تسارت زراب دنوش . يديلك ياه هژاو : يكيتويب يتنآ تمواقم ،ناكدوك ،يراردا تنوفع
Depth‐integrated estimates of ecosystem metabolism in a high‐elevation lake (Emerald Lake, Sierra Nevada, California)

A series of vertical profiles of dissolved oxygen (DO) collected periodically over two consecutive ice‐free seasons in an oligotrophic high‐elevation lake (Emerald Lake, California) were used to investigate volumetric and areal rates of gross primary production (GPP), community respiration (CR), and net ecosystem production (NEP). Diel patterns in DO did not weaken with depth in this lake, where the entire 10‐m water column was within the euphotic zone and where a deep chlorophyll a (Chl a) maximum was common during periods of thermal stratification. During stratification, both GPP and CR increased with depth, and heterotrophy (NEP < 0) tended to occur below the thermocline in association with higher Chl a and particulate matter concentrations. With the onset of autumn mixing each year, vertical gradients in metabolism weakened or disappeared and the entire water column was autotrophic. Net autotrophy over the growing season was confirmed using three methods of estimating whole‐lake metabolism. During periods of stratification, flux across the thermocline, where eddy diffusivities were near molecular, was small (4% of total epilimnetic fluxes), while within the hypolimnion, where stratification was weaker and eddy diffusivities larger, fluxes between strata were more substantial (12% of total fluxes). For this lake and other small lakes with low wind speeds and Lake numbers near 10, mixing due to turbulence should be included in computations of metabolism within the hypolimnion. However, single‐station measurements from within the epilimnion provide a reasonable estimate of seasonal metabolism, especially in the autumn when the lake is mixing on a diel basis.
Aggregate Investment Externalities and Macroprudential Regulation

Evidence suggests that banks tend to lend a lot during booms, and very little during recessions. We propose a simple explanation for this phenomenon. We show that, instead of dampening productivity shocks, the banking sector tends to exacerbate them, leading to excessive fluctuations of credit, output and asset prices. Our explanation relies on three ingredients that are characteristic of modern banks' activities. The first ingredient is moral hazard: banks are supposed to monitor the small and medium sized enterprises that borrow from them, but they may shirk on their monitoring activities, unless they are given sufficient informational rents. These rents limit the amount that investors are ready to lend them, to a multiple of the banks' own capital. The second ingredient is the banks' high exposure to aggregate shocks: banks' assets have positively correlated returns. Finally the third ingredient is the ease with which modern banks can reallocate capital between different lines of business. At the competitive equilibrium, banks offer privately optimal contracts to their investors but these contracts are not socially optimal: banks' decisions of reallocating capital react too strongly to aggregate shocks. This is because banks do not internalize the impact of their decisions on asset prices. This generates excessive fluctuations of credit, output and asset prices. We examine the efficacy of several possible policy responses to these properties of credit markets, and derive a rationale for macroprudential regulation.
Incorporating Context into Language Encoding Models for fMRI

Language encoding models help explain language processing in the human brain by learning functions that predict brain responses from the language stimuli that elicited them. Current word embedding-based approaches treat each stimulus word independently and thus ignore the influence of context on language understanding. In this work, we instead build encoding models using rich contextual representations derived from an LSTM language model. Our models show a significant improvement in encoding performance relative to state-of-the-art embeddings in nearly every brain area. By varying the amount of context used in the models and providing the models with distorted context, we show that this improvement is due to a combination of better word embeddings learned by the LSTM language model and contextual information. We are also able to use our models to map context sensitivity across the cortex. These results suggest that LSTM language models learn high-level representations that are related to representations in the human brain.
Desafíos para desarrollar una agroindustria local. Hacia una tipología de productores de cerveza artesanal en Bariloche

La produccion de cerveza artesanal en Bariloche viene experimentando un marcado dinamismo en los ultimos anos. En este articulo construimos una tipologia de productores de cerveza artesanal de la ciudad para comprender no solo la heterogeneidad de sus dinamicas productivas y comerciales sino especialmente los diversos problemas y desafios que enfrentan. Aplicando la tecnica de analisis cluster a datos relevados por medio de una encuesta, logramos identificar cuatro grupos con realidades y problematicas bien diferentes, lo cual debiera tenerse en cuenta para facilitar la interaccion interinstitucional, la transferencia de conocimientos y la adecuacion de las politicas publicas.
Health problems in Turner syndrome

BACKGROUND: Although cardiovascular malformations are well-recognized congenital anomalies in Turner syndrome (TS), other clinical features and a great variety of dysmorphic signs can also be observed. There are few studies about different medical problems in pre-selected groups of patients with Turner syndrome . Therefore, in this study we aimed to assess the prevalence of some medical problems in Turner syndrome. METHODS: This was a case series from April to October 2005. We studied 40 patients with TS who attended the Endocrine and Metabolic Research Center. Audiometry, echocardiography, ultrasonography of kidneys and urinary tracts, thyroid function tests, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile as well as anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were assessed in all patients and collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 10. RESULTS: Of the 40 subjects 62.5% (n = 25) had cardiac anomalies, 20% (n = 8) had high blood pressure, about 60% (n = 24) suffered from hearing loss and 15% (n = 6) suffered from duplication or dilatation of urinary collecting system. The relative frequency of hypothyroidism, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia was 25% (n = 10), 30% (n = 12) and 32.5% (n = 13), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Medical problems are common in TS patients and the routine screening of their health conditions should be performed at the time of diagnosis and at regular intervals. KEY WORDS: Turner syndrome, health problems, hypertension, heart disease.
Analysis of loading curve characteristics on the production of brain deformation metrics

Traumatic and mild traumatic brain injuries are incurred as a result of the complex motions of the head after an impact. These motions can be quantified in terms of linear and rotational accelerations which cause the injurious levels of brain deformation. Currently, it is unclear what aspects of the linear and rotational acceleration loading curves influence injurious brain deformation. This research uses the University College Dublin Brain Trauma Model to analyse the loading curve shapes from a series of centric and non-centric impacts to a Hybrid III headform fitted with different hockey helmets. The results found that peak resultant linear acceleration did not always correlate with brain deformation measures. The results also indicated that, due to the complex nature of the interaction between loading curve characteristic and tissue parameters, there was no commonality in curve shape which produced large magnitudes of brain deformation. However, the discriminant function did show that angular acceleration loading curve characteristics would predict brain deformation more reliably than linear acceleration loading curves.
AFFINITY OF THE LEG 180 DOLERITES OF THE WOODLARK BASIN : GEOCHEMISTRY AND AGE 1

New trace element analyses are presented for Leg 180 dolerites, basalts from the Papuan Ultramafic Belt (PUB), and basement rocks of Woodlark Island. The Leg 180 dolerites are similar to those from Woodlark Island in being derived from an enriched source but differ from the PUB, which came from a source similar to normal mid-ocean ridge basalts. A reliable 40Ar/39Ar age of 54.0 ± 1.0 Ma has been obtained by step heating of a whole-rock sample from Site 1109, and a similar but less reliable age was obtained for a sample from Site 1118. Plagioclase from Site 1109 did not give a meaningful age. This age is broadly similar to ages from the Dabi volcanics of the nearby Cape Vogel and for the PUB.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HPTLC FINGER PRINTING AND IN VITRO ANTI CANCER SCREENING OF EXTRACTS OF AERIAL PARTS OF CARDIOSPERMUM HELICACABUM

Objective: The objective of the research is to subject Preliminary phytochemical analysis, HPTLC finger printing and in vitro anti cancer screening of extracts of aerial parts of Cardiospermum helicacabum Methods: The aerial parts of Cardiospermum helicacabum was extracted using ethanol, chloroform and N-hexane. The extracts were subjected to preliminary analysis, TLC, HPTLC, total Phenolic content and total Flavonoid content. The anticancer activity was evaluated by MTT assay method. Results: Ethanolic extract gave IC50 value of 1.90mg/ml whereas chloroform extract and n-hexane extract gave IC50 values of 2.47 and 2.595 mg/ml respectively, for potential in vitro anti cancer activity. Conclusion: From the results, it is evident that C. ha licacabum is a biologically significant plant material and can be further studied for developing synthetic analogs.
Formation of S0s via disc accretion around high-redshift compact ellipticals

We present hydrodynamical N-body models which demonstrate that elliptical galaxies can transform into S0s by acquiring a disc. In particular, we show that the merger with a massive gas-rich satellite can lead to the formation of a baryonic disc around an elliptical. We model the elliptical as a massive, compact galaxy which could be observed as a 'red nugget' in the high-z universe. This scenario contrasts with existing S0 formation scenarios in the literature in two important ways. First, the progenitor is an elliptical galaxy whereas scenarios in the literature typically assume a spiral progenitor. Secondly, the physical conditions underlying our proposed scenario can exist in low-density environments such as the field, in contrast to scenarios in the literature which typically address dense environments like clusters and groups. As a consequence, S0s in the field may be the most likely candidates to have evolved from elliptical progenitors. Our scenario also naturally explains recent observations which indicate that field S0s may have older bulges than discs, contrary to cluster S0s which seem to have older discs than bulges.
Multi-Modal Similarity Metric Learning for Answer Selection

Recent works using artificial neural networks based on distributed word representation greatly boost performance on answer selection problem. Nevertheless, most of the previous works used deep learning methods (like LSTM-RNN, CNN, etc.) mainly to capture semantic representation of each sentence separately, ignoring the interdependence between each other on lexical level. In this paper, we constitutes a deep convolutional network directly on pairwise token matching, multi-modal similarity metric learning is then adopted to enrich the lexical modality matching. The proposed model demonstrates its performance by surpassing previous state-of-the-art systems on the answer selection benchmark, i.e., TREC-QA dataset, in both MAP and MRR metrics.
Special issue article On the relationship between personal experience, affect and risk perception: The case of climate change

Examining the conceptual relationship between personal experience, affect, and risk perception is crucial in improving our understanding of how emotional and cognitive process mechanisms shape public perceptions of climate change. This study is the first to investigate the interrelated nature of these variables by contrasting three prominent social-psychological theories. In the first model, affect is viewed as a fast and associative information processing heuristic that guides perceptions of risk. In the second model, affect isseen as flowing from cognitive appraisals (i.e., affect is thought of as a post-cognitive process). Lastly, a third, dual-process model is advanced that integrates aspects from both theoretical perspectives. Four structural equation models were tested on a national sample(N=808) of British respondents. Results initially provide support for the“cognitive”model,wherepersonal experience with extreme weather is best conceptualized as a predictor of climate change risk perception and, in turn, risk perception a predictor of affect.Yet, closer examination strongly indicates thatat the sametime, riskperception and affect reciprocallyinfluence each other in a stable feedbacksystem.Itisthereforeconcludedthatboththeoreticalclaims arevalidandthata dual-processperspectiveprovides a superior fit to the data. Implications for theory and risk communication are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.