Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RELATIONS BETWEEN CROSSING NUMBERS OF COMPLETE AND COMPLETE BIPARTITE GRAPHS

There were some kilns where the bricks were made and some open storage yards where the bricks were stored. All the kilns were connected by rail with all the storage yards. The bricks were carried on small wheeled trucks to the storage yards. the work was not difficult; the trouble was only at the crossings. The trucks generally jumped the rails there, and the bricks fell out of them; in short this caused a lot of trouble and loss of time . the idea occurred to me that this loss of time could have been minimized if the number of crossings of the rails had been minimized. But what is the minimum number of crossings? This problem has become a notoriously difficult unsolved problem; the present state of it and the ensuing general problems one can see in the interesting paper of Guy [2].
Why Do Precipitation Intensities Tend to Follow Gamma Distributions?

The probability distribution of daily precipitation intensities, especially the probability of extremes, impacts a wide range of applications. In most regions this distribution decays slowly with size at first, approximately as a power law with an exponent between 0 and −1, and then more sharply, for values larger than a characteristic cutoff scale. This cutoff is important because it limits the probability of extreme daily precipitation occurrences in current climate. There is a long history of representing daily precipitation using a gamma distribution—here we present theory for how daily precipitation distributions get their shape. Processes shaping daily precipitation distributions can be separated into nonprecipitating and precipitating regime effects, the former partially controlling how many times in a day it rains, and the latter set by single-storm accumulations. Using previously developed theory for precipitation accumulation distributions—which follow a sharper power-law range (exponent < −1) with a physically derived cutoff for large sizes—analytical expressions for daily precipitation distribution power-law exponent and cutoff are calculated as a function of key physical parameters. Precipitating and nonprecipitating regime processes both contribute to reducing the power-law range exponent for the daily precipitation distribution relative to the fundamental exponent set by accumulations. The daily precipitation distribution cutoff is set by the precipitating regime and scales with moisture availability, with important consequences for future distribution shifts under global warming. Similar results extend to different averaging periods, providing insight into how the precipitation intensity distribution evolves as a function of both underlying physical climate conditions and averaging time.
Feedback stabilisation and polynomial decay estimate for distributed bilinear parabolic systems with time delay

Abstract In this paper, we examine the feedback stabilisation for distributed bilinear parabolic systems described by partial differential equation with time delay. The stabilisation of a such system reduces stabilising only its projection on a suitable subspace. To this end, we will propose a continuous feedback control that guarantees the strong stabilisation under a weaker observability assumption. An explicit decay rate estimate of the stabilised state is also given. Besides, some illustrating examples and simulations are provided.
Physicochemical, sensory and stability properties of a milk caramel spread sweetened with a glucose- galactose syrup from sweet whey

Whey is a dairy industry by-product with an adverse environmental impact; therefore, obtaining sweeteners from it promote a circular economy and is an alternative to mitigate the environmental problems. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of different inclusions (10%, 20%, and 30%) of Glucose-Galactose syrup (GGS), obtained from whey, on the physicochemical, sensory, and stability properties of a milk caramel spread. Results showed that the syrup has a significant effect on the techno-functional properties of the final product since it turns into a darker color when the concentrations of syrup increased. Besides, the yield of the product was higher (41.4%), providing a higher volume. In a replacement of 30% GGS, the milk caramel spread at a lower amount of soluble solids achieved a texture similar to the other inclusions. At a sensory level, consumers accepted all formulations with an acceptance higher than 90%. During the storage time (60 d), different evaluated parameters increased.
Cloud Processing of Aerosol Particles in Marine Stratocumulus Clouds

Cloud processing of aerosol particles is an important process and is, for example, thought to be responsible for the so-called “Hoppel-minimum” in the marine aerosol particle distribution or contribute to the cell organization of marine boundary layer clouds. A numerical study of the temporal and spatial scales of the processing of aerosol particles by typical marine stratocumulus clouds is presented. The dynamical framework is inspired by observations during the VOCALS (Variability of the American Monsoon System Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study) Regional Experiment in the Southeast Pacific. The 3-D mesoscale model version of DESCAM (Detailed Scavenging Model) follows cloud microphysics of the stratocumulus deck in a bin-resolved manner and has been extended to keep track of cloud-processed particles in addition to non-processed aerosol particles in the air and inside the cloud drops. The simulation follows the evolution of the processing of aerosol particles by the cloud. It is found that within one hour almost all boundary layer aerosol particles have passed through at least one cloud cycle. However, as the in-cloud residence times of the particles in the considered case are only on the order of minutes, the aerosol particles remain essentially unchanged. Our findings suggest that in order to produce noticeable microphysical and dynamical effects in the marine boundary layer clouds, cloud processing needs to continue for extended periods of time, exceeding largely the time period considered in the present study. A second model study is dedicated to the interaction of ship track particles with marine boundary layer clouds. The model simulates quite satisfactorily the incorporation of the ship plume particles into the cloud. The observed time and spatial scales and a possible Twomey effect were reproduced.
Doubly eclipsing systems

Context. Only several doubly eclipsing quadruple stellar systems are known to date, and no dedicated effort to characterize population properties of these interesting objects has yet been made. Aims. Our first goal was to increase number of known doubly eclipsing systems such that the resulting dataset would allow us to study this category of objects via statistical means. In order to minimize biases, we used long-lasting, homogeneous, and well-documented photometric surveys. Second, a common problem of basically all known doubly eclipsing systems is the lack of proof that they constitute gravitationally bound quadruple system in the 2+2 architecture (as opposed to two unrelated binaries that are projected onto the same location in the sky by chance). When possible, we thus sought evidence for the relative motion of the two binaries. In that case, we tried to determine the relevant orbital periods and other parameters. Methods. We analysed photometric data for eclipsing binaries provided by the OGLE survey and we focused on the LMC fields. We found a large number of new doubly eclipsing systems (our discoveries are three times more numerous than the previously known cases in this dataset). In order to prove relative motion of the binaries about a common centre of mass, we made use of the fact that OGLE photometry covers several years. With a typical orbital period of days for the observed binaries, we sought eclipse time variations (ETVs) on the timescale comparable to a decade (this is the same method used for an archetype of the doubly eclipsing system, namely V994 Her). In the cases where we were able to detect the ETV period, the difference between the inner and outer periods in the quadruple system is large enough. This allows us to interpret ETVs primarily as the light-time effect, thus providing an interesting constraint on masses of the binaries. Results. In addition to significantly enlarging the database of known doubly eclipsing systems, we performed a thorough analysis of 72 cases. ETVs for 28 of them (39% of the studied cases) showed evidence of relative motion. Among these individual systems, we note OGLE BLG-ECL-145467, by far the most interesting case; it is bright (12.6 mag in I filter), consists of two detached binaries with periods of ≃3.3 d and ≃4.9 d (making it a candidate for a 3:2 resonant system) revolving about each other in only ≃1538 d. Distribution of the orbital period ratio PA/PB of binaries in 2+2 quadruples shows statistically significant excess at ≃1 and ≃1.5. The former is likely a natural statistical preference in weakly interacting systems with periods within the same range. The latter is thought to be evidence of a capture in the 3:2 mean motion resonance of the two binaries. This sets important constraints on evolutionary channels in these systems. Conclusions. The total number of doubly eclipsing systems increased to 146, more than 90% of which are at low declinations on the southern sky. This motivates us to use southern hemisphere facilities to further characterize these systems, and to seek possibilities to complement this dataset with northern sky systems.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 1 TABANAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis kesalahan dan mendeskripsikanpenyebab terjadinya kesalahan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa. Penelitian inimerupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Subjek dari penelitianini adalah siswa yang berasal dari kelas XI MIPA 1, XI MIPA 3, dan XI MIPA 5 SMANegeri 1 Tabanan tahun ajaran 2018/2019 yang dipilih dengan teknik purposivesampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metode tes dan wawancara mendalam.Instrumen berupa tes pemecahan masalah matematika yang digunakan telah diujiterlebih dahulu validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini meliputireduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data. Jenis kesalahan siswa diklasifikasikanmenurut prosedur Newman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam memecahkanmasalah matematika, subjek penelitian melakukan jenis kesalahan; memahami masalah,kesalahan transformasi, kesalahan keterampilan proses, dan kesalahan penulisanjawaban. Jenis kesalahan yang paling banyak dilakukan adalah kesalahan memahamimasalah dan kesalahan transformasi, yang disebabkan karena subjek penelitian jarangberlatih mengerjakan soal yang berupa masalah verbal atau memerlukan penafsirankebahasaan dan soal yang menuntut untuk menyusun model matematika dari suatumasalah, sehingga mereka tidak terbiasa dengan kondisi tersebut. Solusi untukmenghindari atau meminimalisir terjadinya kesalahan tersebut adalah siswa giat berlatihmengerjakan soal berjenis pemecahan masalah, berlatih menjawab pertanyaan yangmembutuhkan penafsiran kebahasaan dan pertanyaan yang meminta untuk mengubahsuatu masalah ke dalam model matematikanya, serta memeriksa kembali hasilperhitungan dan jawaban yang diperoleh.Kata kunci: analisis kesalahan, pemecahan masalah matematika, prosedur Newman.
Fundamentals of Health Care Improvement: A Guide to Improving Your Patients' Care

Research is proving that quality improvement (QI) initiatives are more successful when implemented with an inter-professional approach. Authored by a team of physicians and nurses, the second edition of "Fundamentals of Health Care Improvement: A Guide to Improving Your Patients' Care" is grounded in this principle. Charting a course for future health care professionals, the book provides a single source for nursing students, medical students, and resident physicians to learn and practice the basics of QI. The following special features of this updated edition prepare readers to be advanced beginners in QI: methods for identifying and closing the "quality gap" and improving patient safety; instruction on how to find, evaluate, and apply scientific evidence for improving care; discussion of communication, teamwork, and an inter-professional approach; description of process literacy and a variety of processmodeling/mapping procedures; comparisons between and practical applications of types of measurement; interviews with well-respected change agents about their QI success stories; and educator's guide chapter with activities for medical and nursing students.
A Snapback-Free and Low Turn-Off Loss Reverse-Conducting SOI-LIGBT With Embedded Diode and MOSFET

A novel snapback-free and low turn-off loss reverse-conducting (RC) SOI-LIGBT is proposed and investigated by numerical simulations. An n-MOSFET (M<sub>N2</sub>) is embedded in the anode side of the LIGBT to short the P-anode/N-buffer junction during the turn-off transient, thus allowing the LIGBT to be turned off rapidly without excessive tail current. In addition, M<sub>N2</sub> enable the LIGBT to conduct the reverse conducting current like the freewheeling diode. In the forward-conducting state, M<sub>N2</sub> is turned off, then the proposed LIGBT operates like a conventional one and the snap-back is avoided. The gate electrode of M<sub>N2</sub> can be controlled synchronously by the gate signal of the LIGBT which is level-shifted by a p-i-n diode (D<sub>1</sub>) and processed by an anode-controlling circuit, and therefore, the proposed RC-LIGBT still maintains a three-terminal configuration. D<sub>1</sub> and M<sub>N2</sub> are embedded in the drift region and anode-side of the LIGBT, respectively, and they can be isolated by deep-oxide trenches. The numerical simulation results reveal that the turn-off loss (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E} _{\mathrm{ off}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and reverse recovery charge of the proposed LIGBT is reduced by 58.3% and 38.9%, respectively, compared with the conventional LIGBT combining with antiparallel freewheeling diode.
Practitioner Research In The Primary School

The origins and aspirations of practitioner research, Rosemary Webb why do pirates have peg legs? A study of reading for information, Doreen Gregson towards reading, Beatrice Reed writing in the infant classroom, Linda Russell information gathering in topic work, Rosemary Webb language counts in the teaching of mathematics, Susan Wright a process approach to science, Virginia Winter culture and behaviour: a study of Mirpuri Pakistani infant pupils, Avrille McCann towards a policy of equal opportunities through research, Jenny Vickers procedural rules in the management of pupils in the primary school, Alistair Horbury, the processes and purposes of practitioner research, Rosemary Webb.
Nursing as a Spiritual Practice: A Contemporary Application of Florence Nightingale's Views

Conflict in a Gendered World by Kathryn Strother Ratcliff; Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2001; 368 pages, $51.00 A quick glance at the book title leads a reader to think, “Oh, no! Not another feminist book. ” However, after I finished reading Women and Health, I concluded it would be an appropriate resource for courses such as Contemporary Health Issues and Women’s Health. Topics include major concerns that affect all women — weight control, whether to take hormones for that “pause that refreshes,” how to grow old gracefully, and caregiver issues. The generic format of each chapter allows one to read uninterruptedly as different issues are discussed. At the end of each chapter, the author provides notes or references on each topic. The descriptive subheadings, substantive references, and the author’s writing style helped maintain my interest. The total absence of pictures, figures, tables, and learning objectives was refreshing and allowed me to focus on the issues under discussion. The book culminates with a very valuable chapter on how to find resources, such as online databases, electronic journals and books, and Internet sites. The purpose of the book is to make others aware of issues that affect women’s health. The author examines the past devaluing of women and the injustices to today’s women relative to health care. The aim is to motivate the reader to get involved in effecting change. A sociological framework was used in hopes that, as new issues emerge, the reader can use a similar approach to examine concepts such as power, control of available choices, and racial and class discrimination.
Energy Transfer in Incompressible Magnetohydrodynamics: The Filtered Approach

We develop incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (IMHD) energy budget equations witha spatial filtering kernel and estimate the scaling of the structure functions. The Politano-Pouquetlaw is recovered as an upper bound on the scale-to-scale energy transfer. The primary result ofthis work is the relation of the scaling of IMHD invariants. It can be produced by hypothesizing ascale-independent energy transfer rate. These results have relevance in plasma regimes where theapproximations of IMHD are justified. We measure structure functions with solar wind data and findsupport for the relations.
Calculus Students’ Deductive Reasoning and Strategies when Working with Abstract Propositions and Calculus Theorems

In undergraduate mathematics, deductive reasoning plays important roles in teaching and learning various ideas, and is primarily characterized by the concept of logical implication. This comes up whenever conditional statements are applied, i.e., one checks if a statement’s hypotheses are satisfied and then makes inferences. In calculus, students must learn to work with such statements; however, most have not studied propositional logic. How do these students comprehend the abstract notion of logical implication, and how do they reason conditionally with calculus theorems? Study results indicate that students struggle with logical implication in abstract contexts, but perform better when working in calculus contexts. Findings indicate that some students use “example generating” strategies to successfully determine the validity of calculus implications. We discuss ways instructors might support students’ use of such strategies, as well as further avenues of inquiry.
Enhanced Single-Sideband Time-Modulated Phased Array With Lower Sideband Level and Loss

This article presents an enhanced single-sideband time-modulated phased array (ESTMPA) using modulating pulses with stepped waveforms. Based on the in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) complex modulation technique, this phase-only weighting array generates a scanning beam at the 1st sideband. The proposed modulating pulses realized through a reconfigurable power divider in I/Q time modulator can avoid the power loss from the switches during switch-OFF state and eliminate the maximum undesired sideband—the 5th harmonic in STMPA. As a result, it brings a power spectrum with less undesired sidebands, lower sideband level (−16.9 dB), higher harmonic efficiency (94.96%), and wider allowable signal bandwidth (eight times as wide as that of the conventional time modulated array). To experimentally verify the feasibility of the proposed design, a wideband enhanced I/Q time modulator and its corresponding eight-element ESTMPA are designed and manufactured. A detailed study on the effect of the magnitude and phase deviations in the circuit and the transition period of modulating pulse are presented. The measured results of power spectrum and radiation pattern have a good agreement with the simulated ones.
Metabolic effects of growth hormone

Human growth hormone (hGH) is a key ‘player’ in the regulation of growth and metabolism. Several disease conditions, mostly involving growth retardation or GH deficiency, have been approved for recombinant hGH replacement therapy. The focus of this review centers on the metabolic effects of GH on carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Current knowledge of GH signaling pathways and metabolic attributes of GH deficient and GH excess (acromegaly) states are described. Mouse models commonly used for the study of GH action also are compared to further illustrate the metabolic role of GH. Finally, the metabolic effects of a GH receptor antagonist (Pegvisomant) used for the treatment of acromegaly are mentioned.
Regional Inhaled Deposited Dose of Urban Aerosols in an Eastern Mediterranean City

We calculated the regional deposited dose of inhaled particulate matter based on number/mass concentrations in Amman, Jordan. The dose rate was the highest during exercising but was generally lower for females compared to males. The fine particles dose rate was 1010–1011 particles/h (101–102 µg/h). The PM10 dose rate was 49–439 µg/h for males and 36–381 µg/h for females. While resting, the PM10 deposited in the head airways was 67–77% and 8–12% in the tracheobronchial region. When exercising, the head airways received 37–44% of the PM10, whereas the tracheobronchial region received 31–35%. About 8% (exercise) and 14–16% (rest) of the PM2.5 was received in the head airways, whereas the alveolar received 74–76% (exercise) and 54–62% (rest). Extending the results for common exposure scenarios in the city revealed alarming results for service workers and police officers; they might receive PM2.5 and 220 µg/h PM10 while doing their duty on main roads adjacent to traffic. This is especially critical for a pregnant police officer. Outdoor athletic activities (e.g., jogging along main roads) are associated with high PM2.5 and PM10 dose rates (100 µg/h and ~425 µg/h, respectively).
VIDEOGRAMMETRY VS PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR HERITAGE 3D RECONSTRUCTION

Abstract. In the last years we are witnessing an increasing quality (and quantity) of video streams and a growing capability of SLAM-based methods to derive 3D data from video. Video sequences can be easily acquired by non-expert surveyors and possibly used for 3D documentation purposes. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the possibility to perform 3D reconstructions of heritage scenarios using videos ("videogrammetry"), e.g. acquired with smartphones. Video frames are extracted from the sequence using a fixed-time interval and two advanced methods. Frames are then processed applying automated image orientation / Structure from Motion (SfM) and dense image matching / Multi-View Stereo (MVS) methods. Obtained 3D dense point clouds are the visually validated as well as compared with photogrammetric ground truth archived acquiring image with a reflex camera or analysing 3D data's noise on flat surfaces.
Direct Treatment of Liquids Using Low-Current Arc in Ambient Air for Biomedical Applications

In this work, we developed a portable device with low production and operation costs for generating an ambient air low-current arc (AALCA) that is transferred to the surface of a treated liquid. It was possible to generate a stable discharge, irrespective of the conductivity of the treated liquid, as a sequence of corona, repeating spark, and low-current arc discharges. The estimated concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in plasma-treated water (PTW) produced using AALCA treatment was two orders of magnitude higher than that of PTW produced using conventional He nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma jets or dielectric barrier discharges. The strong bactericidal effect of the treatment using AALCA and the water treated using AALCA was confirmed by survival tests of Escherichia coli. Further, the possibility of treating a continuous flow of liquid using AALCA was demonstrated.