Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A PHENOLIC ACID AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY FROM STEM BARK OF CHLOROFORM FRACTION OF SYZYGIUM LITTORALE ( BLUME ) AMSHOFF ( MYRTACEAE )

This study describes the chemical investigations of Syzygiumlittorale (S.littorale), a plant belonging to the family Myrtaceae, and their antioxidant properties. As far, there is no study due to chemical investigations conducted to the plant either on leaves, fruits, stem bark or the others. The stem bark of S. littorale was extracted with organic solvent and the extracts were then fractionated and purified by using standard chromatographic techniques. The molecular structure of pure isolated pure compound was elucidated and established through extensive spectroscopic studies and by comparing with literature data and authentic sample. The dried and powdered stem bark of S. littorale was extracted with methanol and then partitioned by chloroform. Chromatographic (vacuum liquid chromatography and gravitational column chromatography) fractionation and purification of the chloroform soluble fraction that is always monitored by TLC yielded a pure isolated pure compound. The purified compound was then identified and justified as a phenolic acid i.e. gallic acid. This compound is found for the first time from this plant, although it has previously been found in other Syzygium species such as S. aromaticum, S. cumini, S. polyanthum, S. cordatum, etc. The chloroform fraction, isolated compound, and vitamin C showed very strong antioxidant activity against 2,2‟-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with the IC50 value of 23.2; 7.5; and 12.5 g/mL, respectively.
Monitoring and evaluation of need for nitrogen fertilizer topdressing for maize leaf chlorophyll readings and the relationship with grain yield

The study was carried out for two years in maize in succession to the wheat using no tillage system in a distroferric Red Latosol (Hapludox). Methods of management nitrogen fertilizer (120 kg ha-1) with ammonium sulphate were studied; the fertilizer was applied in maize sowing or in maize topdressing, and N with previous application in wheat sowing. In addition, leaf chlorophyll reading was used as an indicator for the need for topdressed nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen supply index (NSI) was shown to be effective at predicting need for topdressed nitrogen fertilizer for maize. The application of N improved the yield of the maize independent of the management system. The flowering stage was carried out at the appropriate time in order to estimate the nitrogen nutrition state and yield of maize using the relative chlorophyll level (RIC).
Faunal patterns in tenebrionids (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on the Tuscan Islands: The dominance of paleogeography over Recent geography

The tenebrionid fauna of the Tuscan Islands (Central Italy) is well known and is an ideal system for studying the role of current and historical factors in determining the biogeographical patterns in a complex archipelago. Cluster analyses, species-area relationships and Mantel tests were used to investigate the influence of current geography and Pleistocene connections with the mainland on the structure of insular communities. Current biogeographical similarity patterns fit both Pleistocene and Recent geog- raphy, but marked effects of Pleistocene geography appeared when the influence of Recent geography was removed. Thus, in con- trast to more mobile insects, such as butterflies and chrysidids, tenebrionid colonization is likely to have occurred via land-bridges when the islands were connected to the mainland in the Pleistocene. The relict distributions of organisms with poor mobility should be of great concern to conservationists, because depletion of island populations cannot be balanced by new immigrations from main- land populations. The continued influence of man on the Tuscan Islands has adversely affected the natural environment, however, man made habitats may also be colonized and exploited by tenebrionids.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Myopia in Spain

Objective To analyse the prevalence of myopia among a sample of more than 6000 children in Spain as well as to determine the impact of risk factors in its progression. Methodology A total of 6,152 children aged from 5 to 7 were examined. The participants underwent an eye examination that included visual acuity, refraction without cycloplegia, and tests of accommodative and binocular function. In addition, a questionnaire regarding their lifestyle, family history, and geographical data was carried out. Finally, data were analysed using the SPSS version 25 program. Results The prevalence of myopia in the sample of children studied has increased from 17% in 2016 to 20% in 2017. Likewise, the number of children with high myopia has also increased, from 1.7% in 2016 to 3.6% in 2017. 43.3% of the participants spent more than 3 hours a day doing near activities, and 48.9% of this group spent more than 50% of this time using electronic devices. In addition, only 9.7% spent more than 2.5 hours outdoors each day. Conclusion Myopia prevalence appears to be increasing in Spain. Lifestyle factors appear to be increasing the risk of myopia.
Characteristics of a Warm Eddy Observed in the Ulleung Basin in July 2005

Oceanographic survey data were analyzed to understand the characteristics of a warm eddy observed in the Ulleung Basin in July 2005. The temperature distribution at 200 db and vertical sections provided evidence of the warm eddy in the Ulleung Basin (UWE05). Based on the 5℃ isothermal line on 200 db temperature, the major axis was 160 km from southwest to northeast, and the minor axis was 80 km from southeast to northwest. The homogeneous layer in the therm℃line of UWE05 had mean values of 10.40℃ potential temperature, 34.35 psu salinity, and 26.37 ㎏/㎥ potential density (σ θ ) and provided evidence that UWE05 also existed during the winter of 2004-2005. A warm streamer initially flowed along the circumference of UWE05 and mixed with the upper central water. Two northward current cores were found on the western side of the measured current section at the central latitude of UWE05. One was the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC) and the other was the main stream of the western part of UWE05. Geostrophic transport of the upper layer (from the surface to the isopycnal surface of 26.9 σ θ ) was approximately 2.5 ㏜ in the eastern side of UWE05. However, the measured transport was twice as large as the geostrophic transport. Mass conservation of geostrophic transport was well satisfied in the upper layer. The direct current measurements and geostrophic transport analysis showed that the EKWC meandered around UWE05.
Local and global illiquidity effects in the Balkans frontier markets

We study market illiquidity across 11 national markets of the Balkans. In general, the EU member countries are more liquid than the nonmember countries. Turkey, however, has the most liquid market, while Serbia and Bosnia are the least liquid. Global illiquidity sourced from the US has a strong and positive impact on pricing in eight of the Balkans markets. In contrast, illiquidity transmitted from the EU impacts expected returns in only two instances, while local illiquidity is significant for just one market. Croatia and Slovenia are most susceptible to transmissions of regional illiquidity, each receiving illiquidity spillovers from four sources.
Physicochemical Characteristics, Identification of Fungi and Biodegradation of Industrial Effluent

An investigation was carried out to analyse Physico-chemical parameters like colour, odour, pH, EC, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, chromium and copper of untreated tannery effluent and to degrade the effluent using native and non – native Fungi. The results of the analysis of parameters revealed that untreated tannery effluent was black in colour with offensive odour. pH was alkaline with high organic load such as EC, TSS, TDS, BOD and COD which were higher than the permissible limits of CPCB. Since the effluent had high organic load, microbes (Fungi) present within the effluent was identified and isolated. The results of the study revealed the occurrence of 10 species of fungi namely Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus versicolor, Fusarium moniliformis, Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium frequentos and Trichoderma harzianum. The presence of bacteria indicates the pollutional status of the untreated tannery effluent suggesting that it should be treated before its disposal using the biological method particularly native and non native fungi for comparing their degrading efficiency. The results of the degradation study shows that native fungus, A. niger was found to be very much successful in reduction of toxic substances at the percentage range of 52-96% whereas non native fungus, Aspergillus flavus showed reduction of 53-96% and the biotreated water can be reused for the agricultural and aquacultural purposes. Key Words : Untreated tannery effluent, physicochemical parameters, Fungal identification, degradation, native A. niger and non – native A. flavus.
Automated Detection of Intracranial Large Vessel Occlusions on Computed Tomography Angiography.

Background and Purpose- Endovascular thrombectomy is highly effective in acute ischemic stroke patients with an anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO), decreasing morbidity and mortality. Accurate and prompt identification of LVOs is imperative because these patients have large volumes of tissue that are at risk of infarction without timely reperfusion, and the treatment window is limited to 24 hours. We assessed the accuracy and speed of a commercially available fully automated LVO-detection tool in a cohort of patients presenting to a regional hospital with suspected stroke. Methods- Consecutive patients who underwent multimodal computed tomography with thin-slice computed tomography angiography between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018 for suspected acute ischemic stroke within 24 hours of onset were retrospectively identified. The multimodal computed tomographies were assessed by 2 neuroradiologists in consensus for the presence of an intracranial anterior circulation LVO or M2-segment middle cerebral artery occlusion (the reference standard). The patients' computed tomography angiographies were then processed using an automated LVO-detection algorithm (RAPID CTA). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was used to determine sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of the algorithm for detection of (1) an LVO and (2) either an LVO or M2-segment middle cerebral artery occlusion. Results- CTAs from 477 patients were analyzed (271 men and 206 women; median age, 71; IQR, 60-80). Median processing time was 158 seconds (IQR, 150-167 seconds). Seventy-eight patients had an anterior circulation LVO, and 28 had an isolated M2-segment middle cerebral artery occlusion. The sensitivity, negative predictive value, and specificity were 0.94, 0.98, and 0.76, respectively for detection of an intracranial LVO and 0.92, 0.97, and 0.81, respectively for detection of either an intracranial LVO or M2-segment middle cerebral artery occlusion. Conclusions- The fully automated algorithm had very high sensitivity and negative predictive value for LVO detection with fast processing times, suggesting that it can be used in the emergent setting as a screening tool to alert radiologists and expedite formal diagnosis.
Skin sensitivity evaluation: What could impact the assessment results?

For the evaluation results of skin sensitivity, such as clinical parameters, stinging test records and biophysical assessments dates might be impacted by many factors, the influence factors need to be further explored, and the skin sensitivity evaluation process and methodology needed distinction and normalization. In this study, we investigated the changes of sensitive skin indexes and lactic acid stinging test results in different seasons, facial regions, skin photo‐type, and living habits.
You sound like Mommy

Previous research indicates that monolingual infants have difficulty learning minimal pairs (i.e., words differing by one phoneme) produced by a speaker uncharacteristic of their language environment and that bilinguals might share this difficulty. To clearly reveal infants’ underlying phonological representations, we minimized task demands by embedding target words in naming phrases, using a fully crossed, between-subjects experimental design. We tested 17-month-old French-English bilinguals’ (N = 30) and English monolinguals’ (N = 31) learning of a minimal pair (/k∊m/ – /g∊m/) produced by an adult bilingual or monolingual. Infants learned the minimal pair only when the speaker matched their language environment. This vulnerability to subtle changes in word pronunciation reveals that neither monolingual nor bilingual 17-month-olds possess fully generalizable phonological representations.
Survey sources of knowledge used by intensive care nurses in clinical knowledge source used in nursing practice

Article history: Received 20 August 2016 Received in revised form 10 October 2016 Accepted 13 October 2016 The aim of this research is to identify the sources of knowledge that ICU nurses prefer to use in practice. This descriptive study was conducted on 158 nurses working in intensive care units using census method. Data collection was done using a questionnaire consisted of four sections: personal, professional, and organizational information as well as, Estabrooks’ knowledge sources questionnaire. Findings were analyzed by descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression using software SPSS version 21. Nurses were more inclined to use empirical knowledge in patient care rather than evidence-based information. Information from “nursing school” was the main source of nurses’ knowledge and the least important source of knowledge was the “research Journals. ” Alternatively the results showed that, with increasing number of years of employment, nurses relay more on their previous knowledge learned at the nursing school, and male nurses and nurses with higher education are more inclined to use research journals.
An Econometric Approach to Incorporating Non-Normality in VaR Measurement

Following the recent financial crises, there has been a proliferation of new risk management and portfolio construction approaches. These approaches all endeavour to better quantify and manage risk by accounting for the stylised facts of financial time series mainly heavy and skewed tails, volatility clustering and converging correlations. Capturing all these stylised facts in a coherent framework has proved to be an elusive and knotty task. We here propose a pure econometric framework that captures all the stylised facts satisfactorily. We use three data sets to show how the approach is implemented in VaR forecasting and correlation analysis. We show how an investment portfolio can be constructed in order to optimise reserve capital holding. The approach employed is linear programming (LP) computable, satisfies second degree stochastic dominance and outperforms the general mean/VaR quadratic optimisation to arrive at efficient asset allocation.
Chapter 3 Urbanicity , Urbanization , and the Urban Environment

During the Second Session of the World Urban Forum in 2004, world leaders and mayors warned that “ . rapid urbanization was one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the new millennium” (United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), 2004). In 1950, approximately 29 percent of the world’s population lived in urban areas (United Nations, 2004). By 2000, 47 percent lived in urban areas, and the United Nations projects that approximately 61 percent of the world’s population will live in cities by 2030. Overall, the world’s urban population is expected to grow from 2.86 billion in 2000 to 4.94 billion in 2030 (United Nations, 2004). With population migration into cities comes the expansion of urban centers. The number of cities with populations of 500,000 or greater grew from 447 in 1975 to 804 in 2000. Table 3.1 presents world megacities (population over ten million) between 1950 and 2015. In 1950 there were two megacities; by 2000 there were 18, and 23 are projected worldwide by 2015 (United Nations, 2006). Urban centers are not evenly distributed among resource-poor and wealthy countries. Middleto low-income countries contained 72% of the world’s cities in 2000 (Figure 3.1) and most growing cities are in developing countries. Given the massive movement of the world’s population into cities, understanding the particular role of city living in shaping population health becomes central to public health planning. We provide here a summary of the key issues that pertain to our understanding of the role urbanization and urbanicity play in shaping population health. We refer the reader to other published work that discusses these issues in substantially more detail (Galea, Freudenberg, & Vlahov, 2005; Galea & Vlahov, 2005a, b).
Manipulating the decision making process: Influencing a “gut” reaction

ABSTRACT The present series of studies sought to examine how external factors influence behavioral decision making task performance. Utilizing the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to assess risky decision making, we examined the influence of a dual task paradigm (Study 1, Study 2), shifting task focus to decision making speed versus accuracy (Study 3), and varied intertrial intervals (Study 4). College student participants completed the IGT and decision making speed and the patterns of IGT selections by deck in the earlier (decision making under ambiguity) and later (decision making under risk) trials were examined. Participants completing the IGT while simultaneously completing a dual working memory task made slower decisions and failed to learn, compared to the single task participants, that Deck C was an advantageous deck. Participants told to focus on being as accurate as possible in their decisions selected more from Deck C, whereas participants told to focus on making the quickest possible decision selected more from Deck D. Manipulating the intertrial interval, giving participants more time to learn from feedback, did not affect decision making speed or accuracy. Implications for our understanding of how individuals decide on the IGT and how heuristics may develop are presented.
The relation of motivation and reward with volunteer satisfaction: empirical evidence from Omani non-profit organization

The relationship between motivation and satisfaction is posited to be mediated by reward. In this study, the motivation construct was measured by a motivation scale which was developed and validated by Strigas and Jackson (2003). The scale when factor analyzed generated five factors. These factors were referred to as: 1) leisure motivation, 2) egoistic motivation, 3) external motivation, 4) purposive, and 5) material motivation. The reward construct was measured by using a five-item scale whereas the satisfaction construct was measured by using a 13-item scale. The scale when factor analyzed produced three factors which are referred to as: 1) satisfaction A, 2) satisfaction B and 3) satisfaction C. The main purpose of the present paper was to find out the relation of motivation and reward with volunteer satisfaction at national sports organizations (NPSOs) in Oman. This current study adopts a cross-sectional design as the data collection is done only once whereas the mode of administration was postal questionnaire where each questionnaire was posted, completed and returned using the self-addressed envelope after its completion. The population of the study consisted of (160) boards and directors members of NPSOs (Non-Profit Sport Organization Services) in Oman from all 43 sports club. The findings provided new empirical evidence that supported the argument of the relationship between motivation and satisfaction is indeed, mediated by reward. However, this study differs in that the relationship was tested based on the first-order constructs which were derived from the underlying dimensions of both motivation and satisfaction constructs. It was established that the relationships between motivation B and motivation C with satisfaction A are mediated by reward. In light of study findings, there is a direct relationship between developmental motivation and experiential satisfaction, a direct relationship between social motivation and relational satisfaction, as well as personal motivation and relational satisfaction is mediated by reward. Therefore, Omani volunteers are less reliant on reward as evidenced by the direct relationship between motivation A and satisfaction and between motivation C and satisfaction A. More tests in different settings will provide more understanding on volunteer motivation.
Integrated Cognitive-neuroscience Architectures for Understanding Sensemaking (ICArUS): Phase 2 Challenge Problem Design and Test Specification

Abstract : Phase 2 of the IARPA program ICArUS (Integrated Cognitive-neuroscience Architectures for Understanding Sensemaking) requires a research problem that poses cognitive challenges of spatial-temporal sensemaking (BAA, 2010). The problem serves as a challenge for performers who are building integrated cognitive-neuroscience models, and as a tool for obtaining data from human experiments. This document describes the challenge problem, and outlines the T&E(Test & Evaluation( approach for evaluating models in Comparative Performance Assessment and Cognitive Fidelity Assessment (BAA, 2010). Normative (Bayesian) solutions to the challenge problem are derived, as needed to support the assessment of human and model performance. Opportunities are also identified for transition of the challenge problem design and results to the geospatial Intelligence Community.
Non-Invasive Ventilation in Children with Paediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

INTRODUCTION Evidence supporting non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) remains sparse. We aimed to describe characteristics of patients with PARDS supported with NIV and risk factors for NIV failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a multicentre retrospective study. Only patients supported on NIV with PARDS were included. Data on epidemiology and clinical outcomes were collected. Primary outcome was NIV failure which was defined as escalation to invasive mechanical ventilation within the first 7 days of PARDS. Patients in the NIV success and failure groups were compared. RESULTS There were 303 patients with PARDS; 53/303 (17.5%) patients were supported with NIV. The median age was 50.7 (interquartile range: 15.7-111.9) months. The Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score and oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen (SF) ratio were 2.0 (1.0-10.0) and 155.0 (119.4- 187.3), respectively. Indications for NIV use were increased work of breathing (26/53 [49.1%]) and hypoxia (22/53 [41.5%]). Overall NIV failure rate was 77.4% (41/53). All patients with sepsis who developed PARDS experienced NIV failure. NIV failure was associated with an increased median paediatric intensive care unit stay (15.0 [9.5-26.5] vs 4.5 [3.0-6.8] days; P <0.001) and hospital length of stay (26.0 [17.0-39.0] days vs 10.5 [5.5-22.3] days; P = 0.004). Overall mortality rate was 32.1% (17/53). CONCLUSION The use of NIV in children with PARDS was associated with high failure rate. As such, future studies should examine the optimal selection criteria for NIV use in these children.