Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Border Enforcement and Return Migration by Documented and Undocumented Mexicans

Using data from the Mexican Migration Project we compute probabilities of departure and return for first and later trips to the USA in both documented and undocumented status. We then estimate statistical models to analyse the determinants of departure and return according to legal status. Prior to 1986, Mexico–US migration was characterised by great circularity, but since then circularity has declined markedly for undocumented migrants but increased dramatically for documented migrants. Whereas return migration by undocumented migrants dropped in response to the massive increase in border enforcement, that of documented migrants did not. At present, the Mexico–US migration system has reached a new equilibrium in which undocumented migrants are caged in as long-term settlers in the USA while documented migrants increasingly range freely and circulate back and forth across the border within rising frequency.
Role of imaging in management of hemophilic patients.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of symptomatology and conventional radiographic scoring in predicting synovial hypertrophy, which could affect the clinical management of hemophilic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty males (mean age, 14.3 years old) with hemophilic arthropathy, including 34 symptomatic joints and 26 asymptomatic joints (16 knees, 20 ankles, and 24 elbows) had conventional radiographs of individual joints obtained that were rated according to the Arnold-Hilgartner stage and the Pettersson score. The patients also underwent MRI for the detection of synovial hypertrophy. The association of synovial hypertrophy and symptomatology was evaluated using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test. The best sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values in detection of synovial hypertrophy using symptomatology and radiographic scoring were calculated. RESULTS A significant association was seen between symptomatology and synovial hypertrophy of the knee and ankle joints (p < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of symptomatology in detection of synovial hypertrophy of the knee were 100%, 78%, 78%, and 100%, respectively, and for the ankle were 83%, 75%, 83%, and 75%, respectively. The Arnold-Hilgartner stage and Pettersson score of the radiograph had a significant association with synovial hypertrophy of the knee and ankle joints (p < 0.05). Arnold-Hilgartner staging provided a better prediction of synovial hypertrophy, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100% for knees and 82%, 100%, 100%, and 82% for ankles. CONCLUSION In hemophilic patients, the presence of symptomatology in the knee and ankle joints is associated with synovial hypertrophy, and scoring of the conventional radiographs using Arnold-Hilgartner staging is useful for the prediction of synovial hypertrophy.
Comparative palatability of three commercial formulations of carprofen and one commercial formulation of firocoxib in dogs

Une serie de six etudes d'appetence, comprenant des tests d'acceptance (trois etudes) et des tests de preference (trois etudes), a ete utilisee pour comparer la prise spontanee, la preference ainsi que la consommation d'une formulation appetente de carprofene (Rimadyl® Chewable Tablets ou Rimadyl® Palatable Tablets; Pfizer Sante Animale) a celles de deux formulations generiques de carprofene (Carprodyl® Tablets, Ceva et Norocarp® Tablets, Norbrook) et a celles d'une formulation commerciale de firocoxib (Previcox® Chewable Tablets, Merial). Toutes les etudes se sont deroulees dans le meme chenil et ont chacune inclus des chiens de races variees et croisees, âges de un a onze ans. Les comprimes de Rimadyl® ont presente une appetence significativement meilleure, en termes de choix, de prise et de consommation spontanes que celle des comprimes des trois autres produits Carprodyl®, Norocarp® et Previcox®.
The [URE3] Yeast Prion Results from Protein Aggregates That Differ from Amyloid Filaments Formed in Vitro*

The [URE3] yeast prion is a self-propagating inactive form of the Ure2 protein. Ure2p is composed of two domains, residues 1–93, the prion-forming domain, and the remaining C-terminal part of the protein, which forms the functional domain involved in nitrogen catabolite repression. In vitro, Ure2p forms amyloid filaments that have been proposed to be the aggregated prion form found in vivo. Here we showed that the biochemical characteristics of these two species differ. Protease digestions of Ure2p filaments and soluble Ure2p are comparable when analyzed by Coomassie staining as by Western blot. However, this finding does not explain the pattern specifically observed in [URE3] strains. Antibodies raised against the C-terminal part of Ure2p revealed the existence of proteolysis sites efficiently cleaved when [URE3], but not wild-type crude extracts, were submitted to limited proteolysis. The same antibodies lead to an equivalent digestion pattern when recombinant Ure2p (either soluble or amyloid) was analyzed in the same way. These results strongly suggest that aggregated Ure2p in [URE3] yeast cells is different from the amyloid filaments generated in vitro.
Understanding Financial Crises: A Developing Country Perspective

This paper explains the puzzle of how a developing economy can shift from a path of reasonable growth before a financial crisis, as in Mexico in 1994, to a sharp decline in economic activity after a crisis occurs. It does so by outlining an asymmetric information framework for analyzing banking and finan- cial crises in developing countries. The asymmetric inforamtion framework shows why the banking sector is so important to the economy, and provides a rationale for bank regulation and supervision. This asymmetric information framework is then used to understand why banking and financial crises occur and why they can have such a devastating effect on the economy countries. The paper concludes by discussing policy implications for developing countries. An important theme is that an appropriate institutional structure is critical to preventing banking and financial crises in developing countries and to reducing their undesirable effects if they should occur.
TPL2 kinase is a suppressor of lung carcinogenesis

Lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease at both clinical and molecular levels, posing conceptual and practical bottlenecks in defining key pathways affecting its initiation and progression. Molecules with a central role in lung carcinogenesis are likely to be targeted by multiple deregulated pathways and may have prognostic, predictive, and/or therapeutic value. Here, we report that Tumor Progression Locus 2 (TPL2), a kinase implicated in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, fulfils a role as a suppressor of lung carcinogenesis and is subject to diverse genetic and epigenetic aberrations in lung cancer patients. We show that allelic imbalance at the TPL2 locus, up-regulation of microRNA-370, which targets TPL2 transcripts, and activated RAS (rat sarcoma) signaling may result in down-regulation of TPL2 expression. Low TPL2 levels correlate with reduced lung cancer patient survival and accelerated onset and multiplicity of urethane-induced lung tumors in mice. Mechanistically, TPL2 was found to antagonize oncogene-induced cell transformation and survival through a pathway involving p53 downstream of cJun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and be required for optimal p53 response to genotoxic stress. These results identify multiple oncogenic pathways leading to TPL2 deregulation and highlight its major tumor-suppressing function in the lung.
Measuring the productive efficiency of forest enterprises in Mediterranean Region of Turkey using data envelopment analysis

The purpose of this study is to measure proportionally the productivity of partial and total factors in state forest enterprises. As for partial productivity, land, capital and employee productivity measures are considered. The data envelopment analysis, which is a non parametric method has been used in the study. For the enveloping model, the BBC (Banker, Charnes, Cooper) models have been preferred as input-oriented. The Mediterranean Region of Turkey at thirty-seven state forest enterprises made up the study area. The productivity scores have been evaluated in accordance with 8 input and 4 output factors. According to the results of the study: land productivity had 7 enterprises, employee productivity had 9, capital productivity had 10 and the total productivity had 19 enterprises assesses to be productive. The lowest efficiency scores were evaluated to be on the employee productivity with an average value of 0.698. The inefficiency of the total productivity was thought to be due to the amount of workers and thus the amount of fees paid in big amounts. The following reason is assessed to be due to the total size of land bound to the enterprises.
Nexus between Ownership Structures and Shareholders’ Wealth

Every shareholder is independent and has same right as others yet theory says that, who and how a company is owned is a factor that influences the returns on a stock (clientele effect theory) This paper attempts to empirically test this theoretical relationship between the ownership structures of a firm and the wealth to shareholder. Using 125 observations from 2009 to 2013 accounting years from 25 purposive sampled companies, disclosed information on dividend stock prices, shareholding pattern was extracted from the annual reports for the analysis.The univarite analysis indicates that, there are fluctuations in capital gains than dividend hence the shareholders returns variability is determine by capital gain. The average shareholders wealth was Rs. 239 with average dividend of Rs. 17.078 and capital gain of Rs. 221. Promoter holding account or an average of 51.43% of total holdings whiles foreign investors have average of 30.84% against institutional (both foreign and domestic) and Individuals (foreign and domestic) of 23.46% and 13.51%. There is no significant variation in promoter holdings across the companies as compared with other holdings for the period.The correlation matrix indicates that promoter holdings negatively correlated with dividend, capital gain and total returns while foreign investors, institutional and public holding are positively related with all the shareholders variables.The regression results reveals that promoters and institutional shareholders have inverse relationship while foreign and individual holdings have positive with no significant impact on shareholders’ wealth. On the other hand, foreign investors have positive and significant impact on capital gain at 5% level. Individual holdings also have positive impact on total returns and marginally significant at 10% level. It can be inferred that a company with much foreign and individuals investors have fluctuation in stock prices which may yield capital loss or gain.The study therefore concludes that an increase in foreign investors whether institutional or individuals and the public have significant impact on the capital gains from the stock market and total returns as a whole. This is because; these investors drive stock prices through their active participation on the stock market.
Gastrocnemius Recession for Chronic Noninsertional Achilles Tendinopathy

Background: In patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy, several operative techniques have been described for treatment. A case report has shown that gastrocnemius recession as treatment can normalize MRI findings and relieve clinical symptoms consistent with chronic Achilles tendinopathy. The purpose of this study was to present the results of the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinopathy with gastrocnemius recession. Methods: Of 12 patients, 8 (7 females, 1 male) who underwent gastrocnemius recession for refractory Achilles tendinopathy between July 2004 and January 2009 were available for follow-up. All patients filled out a SF-36 health survey, a foot function index, an AOFAS ankle and hindfoot scale, and a simple survey formulated by our group of investigators. Of the 8 patients, 7 were available to return for clinical assessment. Patients had an average age of 49.9 years (SD = 11.6) at the time of surgery and average time of follow-up was 34.6 months (SD = 18.1). Results: The mean pain score (VAS 0-10 scale) significantly decreased from 7.3 (SD = 1.7) preoperatively to 1 (SD = 1.8) postoperatively at the time of follow-up (P < .001). The mean AOFAS ankle and hindfoot score was 94.4 (SD = 9.8), which was significantly improved when compared with previously published scores for patients who underwent Achilles debridement with FHL transfer (P = .007). All 8 categories on the SF-36 health survey showed no significant difference with published data for US population values and previously published data for patients who underwent FHL transfer. Conclusion: Gastrocnemius recession for the treatment of refractory Achilles tendinopathy was a viable treatment option following the failure of nonoperative management. All 8 of our patients had excellent pain relief, good clinical outcome, and were satisfied at the time of follow-up. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
The COPE index--a first stage assessment of negative impact, positive value and quality of support of caregiving in informal carers of older people

Data was collected in five countries from informal carers of older people ( n = 577) via a common protocol. Carers completed: (1) a 17-item version of the Carers of Older People in Europe (COPE) Index, an assessment of carers' perceptions of their role : (2) a questionnaire on demographic and caregiving circumstances : and (3) three instruments included for the criterion validation of the COPE Index (the General Health Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF). Principal Component Analysis of the COPE Index was followed by internal consistency analysis of emergent components. Scales derived by summing items loading on the components were analyzed for their association with the criterion measures. Two components, negative impact and positive value, emerged consistently across countries. A third component, quality of support was less consistent across countries. Scales derived from the negative impact and positive value components were internally consistent and significantly associated with the criterion validity measures. These two scales and four items drawn from the quality of support component were retained in the final COPE Index. While further testing is required, the COPE Index has current utility in increasing understanding of the role perceptions of carers of older people.
Developing An Online Shopping Value Framework For Consumers Of Non-Store Fashion Brands

The explosion of the Internet has considerably transformed the fashion industry, by providing a substitute for traditional retail marketing formats. As such, the theory on customer value has taken pre-eminence in determining consumers’ behavioural intentions. The main objective of this study was to examine the possible existence of relationships between consumer perceived value, attitudes and the related e-purchase consequence variable. The study followed a quantitative survey approach in which 206 experienced Internet users of online shopping in South Africa were surveyed. Data were analysed through Principal Component Analysis using Varimax rotation, parametric correlation tests and simple regression analysis. Three dimensions were extracted, namely: utilitarian value (α=.852), hedonic value (α=.901) and social engagement value (α=.925) in order of the rankings on the mean score results. Moreover, the Pearson correlation results indicated that online shopping value dimensions positively influenced attitude and consequently, e-purchase intentions among shoppers. Furthermore, regression analysis results showed that attitude played an important moderating role between value and e-purchase intentions. The variables investigated in this study constitute a central differentiation factor which impacts on attitude, intention to purchase as well as the willingness to visit the website and share the experience with others. The study is important in that, at the micro-level, e-retailers can tailor the identified dimensions towards improving the shopping experience among specific online market segments. At the macro-level, identifying the online shopping value dimensions would provide fashion marketers with a basis for developing an inclusive marketing differentiation strategy for their non-store brands.
The Role of Specific Trade Concerns Raised on TBTs in the Import of Products to the EU, USA and China

Abstract The Specific Trade Concerns (STC) data on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) notifications of WTO members report 317 TBT notifications between 1995 and 2011. This contribution provides evidence concerning the impact of TBT STCs on the imports of products at 4-digit level of the Harmonised System to three major economies – the EU, the United States and China – over the period 1995-2011 using an augmented gravity model controlling for the endogenous characteristics of TBTs and tariffs. Robustness checks are provided using Fixed Effect (FE) Estimation, and Poisson FE. Further, since TBTs are generally imposed on non-food products, food and non-food products are analysed in separate specifications. Bootstrapped robust results suggest that these policy measures have negatively influenced trade flows to the EU and China, while they have enhanced the imports of products to the United States. The quality impact of these measures is assessed using unit values of imports. The results suggest that US notifications improve the quality and values of imports, while in the case of the EU notifications this effect is observed only for the high-income trade partners. Lower imports to China due to quality improvement of products, on the other hand, may refer to low preference of Chinese consumers for higher quality.
Analysis Influence of Proactivity Power Business, Market Orientation, and Competitive Advantage toward Marketing Performance

This research is an empirical study on Batik SMEs (Small Medium Enterprises) in Cirebon District, West Java. This study analyzes the effect of proactivity power business, market orientation, and competitive advantage towards marketing performance. The subjects of this research were 215 Batik SMEs in Cirebon District West Java. The analysis was done using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), AMOS ver. 18. The result shows that proactivity power business, market orientation, and competitive advantage give positive influence on marketing performance of Batik SMEs. The research implication is when SME businesses focus on the effort in improving their proactivity power business and competitive advantage, it will give positive impact on marketing performance. Other research finding reveals that the orientation of customer and orientation of competitor have some effects on marketing performance. In addition, SME businesses should know what customers want and they should be able to identify their competitors in order to improve their marketing performance.
Empirical Study of the Relationship between Staff Training and Job Satisfaction among Nigerian Banks Employees

This research work examined the relationship between staff training and job satisfaction among Nigerian banks employees with special reference to the selected banks in Osogbo metropolis. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from eighty (80) respondents through simple random sampling method. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was employed to know the relationship between staff training and job satisfaction, while multiple regression was used to determine the effect. The result showed that staff training has positive significant relationship with job satisfaction . The study also revealed that the combined influence of age, working experience, and qualification have a strong association with job satisfaction of Nigerian banks’ employees. Subsequently, recommendations were made that Management should increase budget for staff training and also staff training must be in line with organizational objectives.
Survey finds higher sales and prices, plus more open fittings and directional mics

Two-thousand-and-six was a very good year for hearing aid dispensers, according to the 489 dispensing audiologists and hearing instrument specialists surveyed by HJ and AO. Most respondents said their sales were up last year from 2005 (Figure 1), and a bullish 74% predicted that growth would continue in 2007 (Figure 2). The survey was e-mailed to AO’s address list as well as to the members of the International Hearing Society. Of the dispensers who participated, 75% were audiologists and 25% were hearing instrument specialists. In addition to the 489 dispensing professionals, 84 additional respondents were audiologists who do not dispense hearing aids in their practices; they answered questions not related to hearing aids. More detail on the demographics on the respondents appeared in HJ’s March 2007 Cover Story.
Exercise effects on tumorigenesis in a p53-deficient mouse model of breast cancer.

PURPOSE Physically active women have a reduced risk of breast cancer, but the dose of activity necessary and the role of energy balance and other potential mechanisms have not been fully explored in animal models. We examined treadmill and wheel running effects on mammary tumorigenesis and biomarkers in p53-deficient (p53(+/-)):MMTV-Wnt-1 transgenic mice. METHODS Female mice (9 wk old) were randomly assigned to the following groups in experiment 1: treadmill exercise 5 d x wk(-1), 45 min x d(-1), 5% grade at 20 m x min(-1), approximately 0.90 km x d(-1) (TREX1, n = 20) or at 24 m x min(-1), approximately 1.08 km x d(-1) (TREX2, n = 21); or a nonexercise control (CON-TREX, n = 22). In experiment 2, mice were randomly assigned to voluntary wheel running (WHL, n = 21, 2.46 +/- 1.11 km x d(-1) (mean +/- SD)) or to a nonexercise control (CON-WHL, n = 22). Body composition was measured at approximately 9 wk and serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) at two to three monthly time points beginning at approximately 9 wk on study. Mice were sacrificed when tumors reached 1.5 cm, mice became moribund, or there was only one mouse per treatment group remaining. RESULTS TREX1 (24 wk) and TREX2 (21 wk) had shorter median survival times than CON-TREX (34 wk; P < 0.01), whereas those of WHL and CON-WHL were similar (23 vs 24 wk; P = 0.32). TREX2 had increased multiplicity of mammary gland carcinomas compared with CON-TREX; WHL had a higher tumor incidence than CON-WHL. All exercising animals were lighter than their respective controls, and WHL had lower body fat than CON-WHL (P < 0.01). There was no difference in IGF-1 between groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Despite beneficial or no effects on body weight, body fat, or IGF-1, exercise had detrimental effects on tumorigenesis in this p53-deficient mouse model of spontaneous mammary cancer.