Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nature and significance of Islamic economics

Islamic economics has of late landed in confusion and neglect and much concern is being voiced on this state of affairs. The divergence of views on various aspects of the subject tends to grow, cohesive efforts are missing. It is in this context that the present paper takes a look at the nature and significance of Islamic economics and examines the issues of its definition, nature and scope, the questions of methods and methodology, system approach, the problems that seems to hinder its growth, the challenges Islamic economics faces today and how the same can be faced. Since the differences between the Islamic and mainstream economic disciplines stem from the divergent worldviews that condition them, the discussion opens on the topic as background material. This paper is a part of draft Chapter of a book under preparation on Islamic economics and finance. Comments and suggestions are welcome but the paper or its parts cannot be put to any commercial or unfair use.
Multiple sense of community, identity and wellbeing in a context of multi culture: A mediation model

The theme “Belongingness” has a central role in the current debate on Community Psychology and in the daily life. Sense of Community (SOC) represents the focus of this article, as it has always been a central tool to study communities. The attention is focused on Multiple Sense of Community (Brodsky, 2009) and its role on Identities and Wellbeing in a context of multi culture, the Station Zone of Reggio Emilia (Italy). The principal aim of the research is to analyze Sense of Community in a context of multi culture, as a tool to study and understand changes in practical daily life among people from different cultures. The research tries to analyze the role of Multiple Sense of Community as a mediator between residents’ Identities and their Wellbeing considering cultural differences. A mediation model was used (Hayes & Scharkow, 2013). Results indicate that Multiple Sense of Community is still fundamental to study multi cultural communities; the role of mediation of SOC it depends on which SOC has been considered. It is interesting to observe how the mediation role of Relational SOC change among ethnic groups and how it could have different practical implications in social and community projects and interventions.
OVERCONFIDENCE AND TRADING VOLUME: EVIDENCE FROM AN EMERGENT MARKET

It has been a challenge for financial economists to explain some stylized factsobserved in securities markets, among them, high levels of trading volume. The mostprominent explanation of excess volume is overconfidence. High market returns makeinvestors overconfident and as a consequence, these investors trade more subsequently andmake some transactions more aggressively. The aim of our paper is to study the impact of thephenomenon of overconfidence on the trading volume and its role in the formation of theexcess volume on the Tunisian stock market. Based on the work of Statman, Thorley andVorkink (2006) and by using VAR models and impulse response functions, we find a littleevidence of the overconfidence hypothesis when we use volume (shares traded) as proxy oftrading volume.
Dispersive estimates with loss of derivatives via the heat semigroup and the wave operator

This paper aims to give a general (possibly compact or noncompact) analog of Strichartz inequalities with loss of derivatives, obtained by Burq, Gerard, and Tzvetkov [19] and Staffilani and Tataru [51]. Moreover we present a new approach, relying only on the heat semigroup in order to understand the analytic connexion between the heat semigroup and the unitary Schrodinger group (both related to a same self-adjoint operator). One of the novelty is to forget the endpoint $L^1-L^\infty$ dispersive estimates and to look for a weaker $H^1-BMO$ estimates (Hardy and BMO spaces both adapted to the heat semigroup). This new point of view allows us to give a general framework (infinite metric spaces, Riemannian manifolds with rough metric, manifolds with boundary,.) where Strichartz inequalities with loss of derivatives can be reduced to microlocalized $L^2-L^2$ dispersive properties. We also use the link between the wave propagator and the unitary Schrodinger group to prove how short time dispersion for waves implies dispersion for the Schrodinger group.
Impact of Nutrition Education on Nutrient Adequacy of Adolescent Girls

Sixty adolescent girls in the age group of 13-19 years were selected randomly from government school of village Shousha district Solan, Himachal Pradesh and surveyed for their nutrient adequacy by 24 hr. recall method for three consecutive days using standardized containers. Nutrition education was imparted to the subjects after assessing their basic nutrition knowledge. Nutrition education improved their mean nutition knowledge scores significantly (P<0.01) from 11.17+1.42 to 19.16+1.8. Significant increase in average daily intake of all the nutrients was found among all the adolescent subjects. The average contribution of carbohydrate, protein and fat to total energy also increased after imparting nutrition education. The intake of vitamins and minerals also increased after imparting nutrition education significantly except for vitamin B 12 . Thus, nutrition education is an effective measure to bring about the favorable and significant change in adolescent nutrient intake.
THE EFFECTS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT FORTH GRADE STUDENTS BY GENDER * ÖĞRETMENLERİN MATEMATİĞE KARŞI TUTUMLARININ, CİNSİYETE GÖRE İLKÖĞRETİM 4. SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN MATEMATİK BAŞARILARINA ETKİSİ

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of classroom teachers with weak and strong attitudes towards mathematics on fourth grade students’ mathematics achievements in terms of gender. Study was carried out on 337 fourth grade students’ (160 girls and 177 boys) who have classroom teachers with strong positive attitudes towards mathematics and 355 students (177 girls and 175 boys) who have teachers with weak positive attitudes. Results revealed that students who have teachers with strong positive attitudes towards mathematics were more successful than the students who have teachers with weak attitudes. There was also a significant interaction between teacher’s attitudes and gender. Female students were more successful when their teachers had strong positive attitude towards mathematics. There were no significant differences between genders.
Calving relation for tidewater glaciers based on detailed stress field analysis

Abstract. Ocean-terminating glaciers in Arctic regions have undergone rapid dynamic changes in recent years, which have been related to a dramatic increase in calving rates. Iceberg calving is a dynamical process strongly influenced by the geometry at the terminus of tidewater glaciers. We investigate the effect of varying water level, calving front slope and basal sliding on the state of stress and flow regime for an idealized grounded ocean-terminating glacier and scale these results with ice thickness and velocity. Results show that water depth and calving front slope strongly affect the stress state while the effect from spatially uniform variations in basal sliding is much smaller. An increased relative water level or a reclining calving front slope strongly decrease the stresses and velocities in the vicinity of the terminus and hence have a stabilizing effect on the calving front. We find that surface stress magnitude and distribution for simple geometries are determined solely by the water depth relative to ice thickness. Based on this scaled relationship for the stress peak at the surface, and assuming a critical stress for damage initiation, we propose a simple and new parametrization for calving rates for grounded tidewater glaciers that is calibrated with observations.
The 3D Electrical Structure of the Australian Lithosphere

The broad-scale electrical resistivity structure of the Australian continent is poorly known due to the lack of continent-wide observations. These observations are used to constrain lithospheric conduction and petrophysical conditions. In this study, models of electrical resistivity are developed using various constraints, and these are tested against known observations. Three approaches have been employed. Firstly, using the AWAGS array of 58 magnetotelluric sites across Australia spaced approximately 500 km apart, I analyse geomagnetic depth sounding induction vector data, which are then compared with the broad-scale tectonic components of Australia. Secondly, I have developed an upper crustal and surrounding ocean model of electrical conductance using ocean depth information (ETOPO1) and depth to Proterozoic basement (SEEBASE) with a spatial resolution of approximately 17 km. Thirdly, estimates of seismic shear wave velocity of the lithosphere from 50 to 200 km depth from the AuSREM data, at a spatial resolution of approximately 50 km, were converted to electrical resistivity using an empirical relationship. The induction vectors were then compared with three dimensional modelling developed through two approaches. To good approximation I have been able to demonstrate, that the observed AWAGS induction vector data are explained to first order by the conduction of the oceans and sedimentary basins. Second-order effects of resistivity variations in the deeper lithosphere are significant, but induction vectors are less sensitive to these. Finally, I demonstrate from a 3D inversion of the observed AWAGS data that there are additional crustal conductors that cannot be explained from sediment thickness alone, but require additional conduction mechanisms in the crust over significant depths.
MINIMIZING INFORMATION OVERLOAD IN A COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM UTILIZING TEMPORAL SCALING AND SERIALIZATION

Recent Navy research has identified the monitoring of multiple communications streams as a performance bottleneck. We introduce a novel approach for improved monitoring of multichannel voice communications which makes use of timecompression of speech in order to present communications serially, and discuss some of its potential benefits and pitfalls. An experiment currently being developed and piloted is detailed as part of a larger series of studies designed to examine the plausibility of this new approach. This study will explore the effects of sped up speech on listeners’ comprehension of vocal radio transmissions.
Fluctuating temperatures terminate dormancy in Cynara cardunculus seeds by turning off ABA synthesis and reducing ABA signalling, but not stimulating GA synthesis or signalling

Abstract Fluctuating temperatures terminate seed dormancy in many species, including Cynara cardunculus (L.) var. sylvestris. Termination of physiological dormancy requires low ratios of abscisic acid (ABA)/gibberellins (GA). In a previous paper we have shown that physiological responses to fluctuating temperatures comprise a reduction of abscisic acid (ABA) content and sensitivity. However, a possible stimulation of GA synthesis was also suggested as part of the mechanism. That possible stimulation, as well as the identification of potential regulatory sites for ABA and GA metabolism and signalling involved in the termination of dormancy by fluctuating temperatures, are yet to be determined. In this study, we measured GA content and sensitivity in seeds incubated under constant and fluctuating temperatures. We also assessed the expression of several genes involved in ABA and GA metabolism and signalling. Our results show that fluctuating temperatures reduce ABA/GA ratios through a reduction in ABA accumulation during incubation but without altering GA synthesis as compared to that observed under constant temperatures. On the other hand, fluctuating temperatures did not increase sensitivity to GA. Fluctuating temperatures reduced the expression of CycaNCED and CycaABI5 (ABA synthesis and signalling genes) with a temporal pattern that coincides with the interruption of ABA accumulation that precedes germination of seeds incubated under fluctuating temperatures. However, fluctuating temperatures did not modify the expression of CycaCYP707A2 (ABA inactivation) as compared to that observed under constant temperatures. Consistent with our determinations of GA content and sensitivity, fluctuating temperatures did not modify the expression of GA synthesis (CycaGA3ox) and signalling genes (CycaRGL2 and CycaGAI) in relation to that observed at constant temperatures. These results show that fluctuating temperatures terminate dormancy in Cynara cardunculus seeds through an interruption in ABA accumulation and a reduction in ABA signalling exerted at the level of CycaNCED and CycaABI5 expression.
Translation practices in political institutions: a comparison of national, supranational, and non-governmental organisations

This article explores the settings and practices of translation at three types of political institutions, i.e. national, supranational, and non-governmental organisations. The three institutions are the translation service of the German Foreign Office, the translation department of the European Central Bank, and translation provision by the non-governmental organisation Amnesty International. The three case studies describe the specific translation practices in place at these institutions and illustrate some characteristic translation strategies. In this way, we reflect on how different translation practices can impact on translation agency and how these practices in turn are influenced by the type of institution and its organisational structure. The article also aims to explore to which extent the characteristics of collectivity, anonymity and standardisation, and of institutional translation as self-translation are applicable to the institutions under discussion.
Depression and Glycemic Control in Type II Diabetic Patients

Objective : Studies reported conflicting results’ regarding the status of depression and glycemic control in patients with type II diabetes(T2DM), therefore, this study was performed to determine the relationship between depression and glycemic control in T2DM patients. Materials and Methods : This cross-sectional study was performed on 150 T2DM patients referred to Yazd diabetes research center, 2014. Data were collected by using Beck Depression Inventory. Data collected were analyzed by SPSS-21 with using descriptive statistics and analytical testing at α=0.05. Results Mean and standard deviation (SD) of age, disease duration and HbA1c levels respectively were; 58.18±9.63 years, 10.83±6.01 years and 8.52±1.59 mg/dl. About 97 patients (64.7%) were women, 88 (58.7%) had hypertension, 57 (38%) hyperlipidemia, 28 (18.7%) good glycemic control. There was no significant relationship � between depression status and HbA1c control, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, insulin type and disease duration. Patients with moderate depression status and women had significant relationship � with macrovascular complications. Conclusion : Despite the lack of significant relationship between depression status and HbA1c control and given the significant relationship between moderate depression status and HbA1c control with macrovascular complications, it seems are needed more extensive studies.
Hepatoprotective effects of Allium cepa (onion) extracts against paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats

Liver damage due to paracetamol hepatotoxicity is a major health challenge worldwide. It is against this background that this study was designed to determine the hepatoprotective effects of the increasing dosage of Allium cepa methanolic extracts on paracetamol induced hepatotoxic rats. Fifty-four (54) adult male albino rats comprising of nine normal and 45 paracetamol hepatotoxic rats were used for this study. The experimental design was the three by three Latin square design. Paracetamol hepatotoxicity was induced by single administration of paracetamol at 750 mg/kg ip on the first day of the experiment. The different biochemical parameters assessed were determined before the start of the study and subsequently monthly for the duration of the study. Blood samples were collected from the rat through the eye monthly for analysis and serum was obtained by centrifugation (5000 rpm for 10 min) and stored at -20°C prior to analysis. The effects of duration and increasing dosages (200, 300 and 450 mg/kg) of A. cepa methanolic extracts produced a duration dependent significant (p < 0.05) reductions in the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total serum bilirubin (TSB) of paracetamol hepatotoxic rats after the duration of study when compared with those of the paracetamol, normal and silymarin control rats. A. cepa reduced alanine aminotransferase and total serum bilirubin in a dose dependent fashion whereas it reduced aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase level in a dose independent manner. A. cepa extracts studied showed potent hepatoprotective properties. It was evident that A. cepa extracts was able to reduce significantly all the elevated biochemical parameters due to paracetamol hepatotoxicity and this was collaborated by results of histopathological studies. Keywords: Allium cepa, paracetamol, hepatoprotective effects, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, total serum bilirubin African Journal of Biotechnology , Vol 13(26) 2679-2688
Servitization and service recovery: Can you be too close for comfort?

What happens when ‘servitized’ operations and maintenance arrangements fail? Although we know that B2C service failures can lead customers to terminate the relationship, we know very little about failures in servitization. Exceptional external event such as the Arab Spring can cause unexpected disruptions in B2B settings. Presenting evidence from two industrial cases, we found that the closeness of the provider-customer relationship positively affects the ability to recover service failures. However, this relationship can also lead to higher escalation of the service failure. Thus, we contribute to the literature on service failure in the B2B context of servitization.
Quality of Life of Mothers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Its Relationship With Severity of Disorder and Child’s Occupational Performance

Introduction: Mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have the lowest grade of quality of life compared with mothers of children with other disorders like mental retardation, learning disorders, or physical impairments. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study on the influence of severity of disorder and occupational performance of autistic child on mother’s quality of life. This study aims to determine the relationship between quality of life of these mothers with severity of disorder and occupational performance in their autistic children. Materials and Methods: The participants included 35 mothers and their children with ASD (aged 3 to 7 years). They were selected by available sampling method from Tehran City, Iran. Severity of disorder and occupational performance were respectively measured by Gilliam Autism Rating Scale 2 and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Results: The relationship between mothers’ quality of life and severity of their children’s ASD was significant (except for two components of physical roles [P=0.276] and bodily pains [P=0.174]. Also correlation of mothers’ quality of life and occupational performance was significant (except for four dimensions of physical functioning [P=0.439] , physical roles [P=0.801], bodily pains [P=0.105] and role emotional [P=0.140]). Conclusion: The results show that quality of life of mothers of autistic children is significantly associated with severity of disorder and occupational performance of children, but its relationship with severity of disorder is more pronounced than occupational performance. Therefore, in order to improve mother’s quality of life, the severity of symptoms of ASD should be decreased and child’s occupational performance increased.
European Muslims : caught between local integration challenges and global terrorism discourses

After the positive vibrations that the Arab Spring sent around Europe in 2011, today we are witnessing a reversal of that positive trend. The escalation of violence and insecurity in the region is sending shock waves across Europe and North America. Negative vibrations have been acutely felt in Europe, not only with the Charlie Hebdo events in Paris, but also in relation to the so-called foreign fighters question. Several thousand young people –mostly men but also women–, a tiny, albeit dramatically visible, part of the European Muslim community –some of whom are second-generation migrant youth of Muslim origin, while others are young converts– have joined ISIS forces in Syria to fight a jihadist war. My aim in this paper is to argue that, while the weaknesses and tensions of integration policies exist and may have intensified since the start of the new century, the seeds of minority Muslim youth recruitment in Europe has more to do with today’s global-local connections rather than with failed integration.
Optimization of a full‐scale site to achieve total nitrogen removal through implementation of a denitrification‐submerged anoxic filter

A full‐scale wastewater treatment plant with a 5500 population equivalent was retrofitted with a pre‐denitrification‐submerged anoxic filter (SAnoF) in order to achieve new total nitrogen (TN) consent of 35 mg/L. A 36 m3 SAnoF was installed downstream the primary settling tanks. The optimal operation of the anoxic SAnoF was investigated by varying the recirculation ratio, the carbon‐to‐nitrate ratio, and the hydraulic retention time. After stable operation was achieved, nitrate was removed by 80% at a loading of 0.5 kg NO3/m3 day and a retention time of 60 min. The SAnoF presented a number of advantages, including the use of internal carbon for denitrification, decrease of carbon load to the trickling filter by 30%, and production of alkalinity required for nitrification in the trickling filter (11 mg CaCO3/mg NH4 removed). Overall, the SAnoF was satisfactory and the effluent TN concentration reached 20–25 mg TN/L.
Military spending and regional integration in southern Africa: paper was presented at ‘Business and Management Conference’ held at the University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.on the 28th-30th September 2011.

Military expenditure in developing countries and Africa in particular has over the years produced a varying mix of positive and negative economic development effects across countries. In Africa milex and conflict had an overall negative impact on economic growth and development. Conflict also negatively affects efforts at consolidating regional integration in general. The negative effects are most pronounced in countries facing legitimacy and security crises like Zimbabwe and the DRC. Countries afflicted by conflict and poverty pay higher economic costs for their national security. The paper explores the effect of regional integration on military expenditure in Southern Africa. The basic premise of the research is that economic integration reduces conflict and eventually military expenditure. In addition regional security integration (via a peace dividend) may have positive economic externalities through uninterrupted trade been member states in regional groupings. There is dearth of studies that focused on the relationship between conflict or military expenditure and regional integration in southern Africa. Most of the studies focus on the benefits and strategies that enhance regional integration, without analyzing the importance of regional integration to security sector developments. Security sector studies have in general ignored the importance of economic and regional integration in ensuring reduction in military spending while consolidating peace. The results of this study show that regional integration has a negative impact on military expenditure in southern Africa.