Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of Genetic Variants Related to Serum Calcium Levels with Reduced Bone Mineral Density.

CONTEXT The role of serum calcium in bone metabolism is unknown, although calcium/vitamin D supplementations have been widely used, expected to improve bone health.We aim to determine the independent role of serum calcium in bone mineral density (BMD). DESIGN AND SETTING Two epidemiological analyses with 5,478 and 5,556 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-6 and the Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study (HKOS) to evaluate cross-sectional association of serum calcium with BMD. Two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) study using genetic variations as instrumental variables to infer causality. Summary statistics of genome-wide association study of serum calcium (N=39,400) and life-long whole-body BMD (N=66,628) were used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE BMD measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS In NHANES 2003-6 and HKOS, each SD increase in serum calcium was significantly associated with 0.036-0.092 SD decrease in BMD at various sites (all P<0.05). In multivariable inverse-variance weighted MR analysis, genetic predisposition to higher serum calcium level was inversely associated with whole-body BMD after adjustment for serum parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and phosphate (-0.431 SD per SD increase in serum calcium; 95% CI: -0.773 to -0.089, P=0.014). Similar estimates were obtained in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that genetic predisposition to higher serum calcium level per se may have negative impact on bone metabolism. Whether increased serum calcium caused by calcium/vitamin D supplementations would have the same negative effect on bone remains unknown, which warrants further investigation. In addition to other adverse clinical outcomes, careful use of high-dose supplementations is required.
Role of Perioperative Chemotherapy in Lymph Node-negative Esophageal Cancer After Resection

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Multimodality treatment is increasingly accepted and becoming the standard care for local advanced esophageal cancer (EC) patients. However, for early stage lymph node-negative EC patients, surgery alone is still the primary treatment approach, and the role of perioperative chemotherapy remains unclear. Methods: Patients with lymph node-negative EC were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2004 to 2013. Survival was compared by the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to identify covariates associated with overall survival (OS). Propensity score-matched analysis was also performed to control for confounding. Results: A total of 3071 patients (T1-4N0M0) were identified, 1363 (44.4%) of which received perioperative chemotherapy. The effect of chemotherapy on OS was remarkably dependent on the T stage. For stage T1 patients, chemotherapy was inversely associated with OS (hazard ratio [HR]=1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-1.86), and no impact of chemotherapy on OS was found for T2 patients (HR=0.92; 95% CI, 0.712-1.18), whereas a significant improvement in OS was observed with the addition of chemotherapy for patients with stages T3 (HR=0.52; 95% CI, 0.43-0.62) and T4 (HR=0.60; 95% CI, 0.36-0.98) disease. Multivariable analysis with demonstrated that chemotherapy usage, age, sex, tumor grade, and T stage (P<0.05) were significantly associated with OS in T3-T4 patients. The results were similar in subgroup analyses stratified by confounding covariates, and the propensity score-matched analysis. Conclusions: This population-based study indicates perioperative chemotherapy is associated with improved survival in stage T3-4N0M0 patients with EC, which needs to be further validated by randomized trials.
Aging of zero‐valent iron‐based nanoparticles in aqueous environment and the consequent effects on their reactivity and toxicity

A fundamental understanding of the long‐term fate of nanoscale zero‐valent iron (nZVI)‐based particles in aqueous environment and the corresponding impacts on their reactivity and toxicity is essential for the responsible use and management of the nanoparticles in environmental applications. This paper comprehensively reviews the physicochemical transformations of nZVI‐based particles and the consequent effects on the particle's reactivity and toxicity. The corrosions of nZVI in water under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions are summarized. The transformation of contaminant‐bearing nZVI is also discussed. Besides, the factors influencing the transformation of nZVI (i.e., pH, typical anions and cations, natural organic matter, surface stabilizers, bimetal decoration, and sulfidation treatment) are summarized and discussed. In addition, the effects of particle aging on its reactivity and toxicity are discussed. Generally, the aging of nZVI‐based particles would have negative impact on the removal of contaminants, especially for the degradation of organic pollutants. However, the aging process of nZVI‐based particles would cause a significant reduction in their toxicity. It is suggested that the nZVI‐based particles would finally transform to less toxic or benign materials (i.e., iron (oxyhydr)oxides) over time. Finally, future perspectives are proposed to better quantify and predict the transformation of nZVI‐based particles in aqueous environment.
Temporal trends in breast cancer survival by race and ethnicity: A population-based cohort study

Introduction Differences in breast cancer survival by race and ethnicity are often assumed to be a fairly recent phenomenon, and are hypothesized to have arisen due to gaps in receipt of screening or therapy. The emergence of these differences in calendar time have implications for identification of their origin. We sought to determine whether breast cancer survival differences by race or ethnicity arose in tandem with the advent of screening or therapeutic advances. Materials and methods A cohort of women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from 1975–2009 in 18 population-based registries were followed for five-year breast cancer cause-specific survival. Differences in survival according to race/ethnicity and estrogen receptor status were quantified in Cox proportional hazards models, with estimation of hazard ratios (HR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and absolute risk differences. For 2010, we also assessed differences in survival by breast cancer subtypes defined by hormone receptor and Her2/neu status. Results Among over 930,000 women, initial differences in five-year breast cancer-specific survival by race became apparent among 1975–1979 diagnoses and continued to be evident, with stronger disparities apparent in those of Black vs. White Non-Hispanic (WNH) race and among estrogen-receptor positive vs. negative disease. Within breast cancer subtype, all included race/ethnic groups experienced disparate survival in comparison with WNH women for triple-negative disease. Black women had a consistent gap in absolute survival of . 10-. 12, compared with WNH women, from 1975–1979 through all included time periods, such that 5- year survival of Black women diagnosed in 2005–09 lagged more than 20 years behind that of WNH women. Discussion Survival differed by race for diagnoses that predate the introduction of mammographic screening and most therapeutic advances. Absolute differences in survival by race and ethnicity have remained almost constant over 40 years of observation, suggesting early origins for some contributors.
Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in Bulgarian Murrah Buffaloes and its Detection in Domestic Dogs from Buffalo Dairy Herds in Nueva Ecija, Philippines

The seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in female Bulgarian Murrah buffaloes in Nueva Ecija, relation between seropositivity and age groups (1-3 years, 4-6 years,>7 years) of the animals, and history of abortion, and its serological detection in dogs reared in close contact with seropositive buffaloes were studied. Competitive ELISA was used to test 176 buffalo sera from 36 dairy buffalo herds. IFAT was used for re-testing ELISA-positive samples and for sero-detection of the organism in dogs. Individual and herd-level prevalence based on cELISA were 27.3% (48/176) and 69.4% (25/36), respectively. IFAT detected 43 (90%) positives out of the 48 cELISA-positive samples. Prevalence seemed to increase with age, however, only age group >7 years (35.2%) had significantly higher prevalence than 1-3 years (17.4%) group. Analysis of 42 sera from seven herds showed no significant association between seropositivity and abortion history. However, an odds ratio of 1.5 was obtained suggesting that animals with history of abortion were 1.5 times more likely to become seropositive. As for 38 sera from dogs, IFAT detected 23 (60%) positives. Overall, this study showed the occurrence of antibodies to N. caninum in Bulgarian Murrah buffaloes and dogs in the province of Nueva Ecija. It is recommended that further studies be done to determine the extent of the disease in buffaloes in the country and the mechanism of transmission within and among different buffalo herds. Key words: buffalo, cELISA, dogs, IFAT, Neospora caninum, prevalence
Pattern of fatal blunt head injury: A two year retrospective / prospective medico legal autopsy study.

The current study was conducted from 1 November 2002 to 31 October 2004 at Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai. A total of 189 victims of fatal blunt head injury were recorded and a complete medicolegal autopsy was conducted on each of these victims during this period. The postmortem study revealed that males were the most common victims with the highest number being in the age group of the third and fourth decades. Accidents were responsible for most of them, followed by homicidal deaths, with suicides recorded as the least. Of the accidents, railway accidents were responsible for the maximum number. The study revealed that the highest number of fatalities occurred during the peak hours of the day. The fissured fracture was the most common type of fracture observed. Among the specialized fractures of the base of the skull, type-1 hinge fracture was the most common. A combination of subdural and subarachnoid haemorrhages was the most common observation. Blunt cranio-cerebral injury was the primary cause of death in more than half of the victims. Key Words: Head Injury, Fractures, Skull, Intracranial Haemorrhages
HIV risk perception and sexual behaviors among female sex workers in Tehran, Iran

Background: An adequate perception of the degree to which one is at risk of having or contracting HIV is necessary for behavioural change and the adoption of safe behaviours. There are limited data regarding HIV risk perceptions among female sex workers in Iran. This study aimed to determine the HIV risk perception status and its association with sexual behaviours among female sex workers in Tehran. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 170 female sex workers in Tehran. Participants were recruited using a combination of snowball, purposeful, and convenience sampling methods. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify adjusted associations between background factors, sexual behaviours, and HIV risk perception. The analysis was conducted by the "logistf" package in the R statistical system. P-value less than . 05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Among the participants, 122 (77%) reported high HIV risk perception. Most female sex workers with high HIV risk perception reported that they did not consistently use condoms (n=120, 98%. Female sex workers with a higher frequency of sex work (AOR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.31), inconsistent condom use (AOR=0.15, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.66), a history of HIV testing (AOR=5.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 26.0), and low HIV knowledge (AOR=0.97, 95% CI=0.95, 0.996) were more likely to report high HIV risk perception. Conclusion: Most female sex workers with risky sexual behaviours had a high HIV risk perception. Effective educational programs are suggested to enable female sex workers to correctly assess their own HIV risk and change risk behaviors based on self-assessment of actual risk.
Evaluation of Collection Method and Diet Effects on Apparent Digestibility and Energy Values of Swine Diets

A total of 24 terminal cross-bred barrows in 2 replicates (BW = 87.9 ± 2.2 and 88.5 ± 2.6 kg, respectively) were assigned to a 2 × 2 (diet × collection) factorial arrangement of treatments to determine the effects of collection method and diet on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. Pigs were allotted to 12 metabolism crates and provided either corn-soybean meal (CSBM) or CSBM with 20% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) diet (2.8 kg/d). Diets were isocaloric and contained 0.5% of titanium dioxide (TiO2) for estimating nutrient digestibility using the index method. After a 10-d adaptation period, total collection (TC) of feces for pigs within each diet was based on exact timing (Day collection) or the appearance of the first and second markers (carmen indigo; marker-to-marker collection, MM method) during a 4-d collection period. Urine was collected for a 4-d period in 65 mL of 6 N HCl daily. Subsamples of feed and feces were analyzed for DM, N, GE, and Ti, and urine for GE. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM and GE and energy metabolizability (ME, %) were 2.9%, 2.8% and 3.4% lower (P < 0.05), respectively in the DDGS vs. CSBM diet. The ATTD of N and the DE (kcal/kg) and ME (kcal/kg) were similar (P > 0.10) in CSBM and DDGS diets (87.79 vs. 87.53 %, 3,491 vs. 3,509 kcal/kg, and 3,381 vs. 3,368 kcal/kg, respectively). The digestibility of DM, N and GE, and DE (kcal/kg) were not different (P > 0.10) estimated using the different collection methods. The MM method tended to decrease (P < 0.10) the estimates of ME (%) and ME (kcal/kg) compared to the Day method. The ATTD of DM, N, and GE and ME (%) estimates calculated using the index method were approximately 0.5% lower (P < 0.05) than those using the TC method. Estimates of DE and ME (kcal/kg) were lower (P < 0.05) using the index vs. TC method 38 (3,479 vs. 3,500 kcal/kg, and 3,354 vs. 3,374 kcal/kg, respectively). Although digestibility and balance estimates were numerically lower using the MM vs. Day collection method, there was no major difference between the two collection methods.
Working Paper WP / 19 / 035 Inequality , Information Technology and Inclusive Education in Sub-Saharan Africa 1 Forthcoming : Technological Forecasting and Social Change

This study examines linkages between inequality, information and communication technology (ICT) and inclusive education in order to establish inequality thresholds that should not be exceeded in order for ICT to promote inclusive education in 42 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2004-2014. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalized Method of Moments. The following findings are established. First, a Gini coefficient and an Atkinson index of respectively, 0.400 and 0.625 are income inequality thresholds that should not be exceeded in order for internet penetration to positively influence inclusive education. Second, a Gini coefficient, an Atkinson index and a Palma ratio of respectively, 0.574, 0.676 and 9.000 are thresholds of income inequality that if exceeded, fixed broadband subscriptions will no longer positively affect inclusive education. As a main policy implication, the established inequality thresholds should not be exceeded in order for ICT to promote inclusive education in sampled countries. Other implications in the light of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are discussed. JEL Classification: I24; I25; I39; O40; O55
EVALUATION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ONLINE SHOPPING AND CONSUMER TRUST

The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between online shopping and consumer trust. Survey technique was used in the research. The research population consists of individuals over the age of 18 living in the province of Düzce. Easy sampling method is used for study. The size of this sample is 400. Factor analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA and Independent Sample T-test were performed using SPSS 21 package program. As a result of the factor analysis, three dimensions related to online shopping have emerged. These dimensions are "Online Addiction", "Payment Simplicity" and "Complexity". According to consumer trust factor analysis result, four dimensions have emerged. These dimensions are "Control", "Self-confidence", "Comfort" and "Fear". According to the results of correlation analysis; meaningful relationships were observed between online shopping and consumer trust. According to the Independent Sample T-test and ANOVA test results, meaningful differences have emerged.
Continuous Equilibration Peritoneal Dialysis (CEPD) in Hypercatabolic Renal FAILURE

Continuous equilibration peritoneal dialysis (CEPD) is similar to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) except that the patients are not ambulatory. CEPD was applied to five hypercatabolic and seven non-hypercatabolic patients with acute renal failure (ARF) or exacerbation of chronic renal failure (CRF). Serum potassium became normal within 24 hours of the initiation of CEPD, while the decrease and maintenance of blood urea and serum creatinine were not significantly different in the two groups. These results indicate that CEPD is effective in patients with hypercatabolic renal failure.
Electronic Journal of Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations

We show practical solvability of the following two-dimensional systems of difference equations xn+1 = un−2vn−3 + a un−2 + vn−3 , yn+1 = wn−2sn−3 + a wn−2 + sn−3 , n ∈N0, where un, vn, wn and sn are xn or yn, by presenting closed-form formulas for their solutions in terms of parameter a, initial values, and some sequences for which there are closed-form formulas in terms of index n. This shows that a recently introduced class of systems of difference equations, contains a subclass such that one of the delays in the systems is equal to four, and that they all are practically solvable, which is a bit unexpected fact.
ADDRESS TERMS USED BY ONLINE SHOP SELLERS TO THEIR FEMALE TEENAGE CUSTOMERS AND YOUNG MOTHER CUSTOMERS IN FACEBOOK

This study is about address terms used by online shop sellers to female teenage and young mother customers as well as their similarities and differences in Facebook. It is supported by theories of address terms by Crystal (2009), Kuntjara (2012), Wardhaugh (2006), and Holmes (2001). She observed eight online shops, four for female teenagers and four for young mothers, ten comments from each shop. The finding reveals three types of address terms were used to female teenagers and five types of address terms were used to young mothers. The similarities are all address terms are female type address terms; formal name did not occur; and several same address terms types occurred in both types of shops. The differences are kinship terms variation in online shops for female teenagers and young mothers; intimate name and other types occurred in online shops for young mothers; and the frequency of each type.
Structure, process and performance of the emergency unit of teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences

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Transfer Student Engagement: In Search of a Model Predictive of High GPA

Engagement variables from the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) were explored to determine the relationship between engagement constructs of undergraduate transfer students and high cumulative GPA. The design was a sequential, stepwise, linear, regression emanating from an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Four constructs labeled (a) Academic Dialoguing, (b) Examining Perspectives, (c) Collaborative Learning, and (d) Diverse Student Conversations emerged. A linear regression analysis conducted on the constructs, against cumulative GPA determined no statistically significant findings. However, a second regression analysis conducted on the19 item-levels of the four constructs determined two items to be statistically significant.
Who is the Most Effective Agent When Giving Indirect Written Corrective Feedback

Problem Durumu: Ingilizce dilini yabanci dil olarak ogrenen ogrencilere dolayli yoldan yazili duzeltici geribildirim verilmesinde en etkili etken kisinin kim oldugu sorusunun cevabi halen belirsizligini surdurmekte ve cinsiyet gibi faktorlerin etkisi goz ardi edilmektedir. Arastirmanin Amaci: Yukarida belirtilen nedenlerden dolayi bu calisma ile dolayli yoldan yazili duzeltici geribildirim verilmesinde en etkili etken kisiyi bulmak ve farkli etken kisilerden dolayli yoldan yazili duzeltici geribildirim alinmasinda cinsiyet faktorunun etkisini bulmak amaclanmaktadir. Arastirmanin Yontemi: Yari deneysel yontem izlenerek yapilan bu calismanin katilimcilari, ozel bir univesitede hazirlik okulunda Ingilizce dilini yabanci dil olarak ogrenen uc farkli sinifin ogrencileridir. Bes haftalik bir surec boyunca sadece ogretmen tarafindan dolayli yoldan yazili duzeltici geribildirim alan sinif, A sinifi; sadece ogrencilerden dolayli yoldan yazili duzeltici geribildirim alan sinif, B sinifi; ve hem ogretmen hem ogrencilerin katilimi ile isbirlikci bir sekilde dolayli yoldan yazili duzeltici geribildirim alan ogrencilerin bulunduklari sinif ise C sinifi olarak adlandirilmistir. Her grup, toplamda bes haftada bes farkli konulu yazili metin olmak Hanife Bensen BOSTANCI – Fatma SENGUL Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 76 (2018) 73-92 91 uzere her hafta ayni zamanda yazili metin uretmislerdir. Ogrencilerin yazmis olduklari bu yazili metinlerden elde edilen veriler, nicel olarak analiz edilmistir. Arastirma Sonuclari: Arastirma sonucuda, hem ogretmen hem de ogrencilerin isbirlikci bir sekilde dolayli yoldan yazili duzeltici geribildirim verdikleri C sinifindaki katilimcilar, diger siniflardaki katilimcilara onemli olcude kiyasla yazma yeteneklerini gelistirdikleri bulgusuna varilmistir. Cinsiyet acisindan ise A sinifindaki erkek katilimcilarin, ayni siniftaki kadin katilimcilara oranla daha iyi bir performans gostermesine karsin, B ve C sinifindaki kadin katilimcilarin erkek katilimcilara oranla daha iyi performans sergiledigi ortaya konmustur. Arastirmanin Sonuclari ve Onerileri: Ogretmen adayi ve ogretmenlerin, cinsiyet faktorunu goz onunde bulundurarak, Ingilizceyi yabanci dil olarak ogrenmekte olan ogrencilere, hem ogretmen hem de ogrencilerin isbirlikci bir sekilde dolayli yoldan yazili duzeltici geribildirim verdikleri bir yontem izlemeleri saglanmalidir. Bu nedenle, ileride yapilacak olan arastirmalarin yas ve dil yeterlik gibi diger faktorler uzerine yogunlasmalari onerilmektedir. Ayni zamanda arastirmacilara dogrudan yazili duzeltici geribildirim gibi diger geribildirim cesitleri uzerine odaklanmalari onerilmektedir.