Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Sustainable Ecotourism through Stakeholder Collaborations in Tanzania. J Tourism Res Hospitality 2: 1

Towards Sustainable Ecotourism through Stakeholder Collaborations in Tanzania This paper aims to assess the stakeholders’ strategies towards sustainable ecotourism, with specific focus on networks and public private partnership strategies. A qualitative method through exploratory research design was applied to gather in-depth information about the existing networks and their roles towards promoting sustainable ecotourism in Tanzania. Thereafter, 23 common strategies in promoting sustainable ecotourism through collaborations were established from literature review, followed by a survey involving tourism stakeholders (n=250) which was conducted in the eastern and northern tourist circuits of Tanzania. The influence of respondent’s attributes on their perception towards sustainability of ecotourism was analyzed on each of the identified 23 collaboration strategies by specifying and estimating binary logistic model to understand the attributes associated with the identified strategies. The study results show that despite of the number of the stakeholder’s networks available, the level of their involvement in the management of ecotourism is still very low. There is also statistical evidence supporting that, the extent of public private partnerships in ecotourism activities is neither renowned nor formalized. To a large extent, this leads to inadequate seriousness and sense of ownership among stakeholders which jeopardizes both the development and promotion of sustainable ecotourism in the country. It is concluded therefore that, there is greater potential of sustaining ecotourism at any destination if all stakeholders will be represented via networks and public private partnerships within and between sectors.
Reliability and Validity Studies of the Turkish Version of the Children’s Attitudes toward the Environment Scale-Preschool Version (CATES-PV) and the Analysis of Children’s Pro-environmental Behaviors According to Different Variables

In Turkey, the number of environmental education studies on young children is not sufficient. This is primarily due to the fact that scales for measuring the pro-environmental behaviors of young children are quite limited in number and are not common. This research has two aims which to carry out the reliability-validity studies of preschool environment scale, and to analyze the pro-environmental behaviors of 5-6 years old children with regard to different variables (age, gender, socio-economic level). The research included 171 children of 5-6 years of age receiving preschool education in the province of Denizli, Turkey. The Children's Attitudes Toward the Environment Scale-Preschool Version (CATES-PV) is a 15-item scale that one can use to assess the degree to which children's attitudes are pro-environmental. Study results have indicated that the CATES-PV Turkish Version is a reliable and valid measurement tool. The scale may be used to determine the pro-environmental behaviors of 5-6 years old Turkish children. This study provides a significant contribution to the field for further studies to be conducted in Turkey on the pro-environmental behaviors of young children. It is observed that the pro-environmental behaviors of the children included in the research differ according to age and socio-economic level. No difference was found between pro-environmental behaviors of children in terms of the gender variable.
Some quantitative results in singularity theory

The classical singularity theory deals with singularities of various mathematical objects: curves and surfaces, mappings, solutions of differential equations, etc. In particular, singularity theory treats the tasks of recognition, description and classification of singularities in each of these cases. In many applications of singularity theory it is important to sharpen its basic results, making them “quantitative”, i.e. providing explicit and effectively computable estimates for all the important parameters involved. This opens new possibilities for applications in analysis, geometry, differential equations, dynamics, and, last not least, in computations. Application of the results of singularity theory in numerical data processing with finite accuracy stresses another important requirement: the “normalizing transformations” must be explicitly computable. The most natural interpretation of this requirement is in terms of the “jet calculus”: given the Taylor polynomials of the input data, we should be able to produce explicitly the Taylor polynomials of the output normalizing transformations. This papers provides a sample of initial results in these directions.
Acceptance of Disability among Chinese Individuals with Spinal Cord Injuries: The Effects of Social Support and Depression

This study explored the roles of perceived social support and depression in acceptance of disability among Chinese individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI). Design: An exploratory and cross-sectional study was conducted in an outpatient rehabilitation center in Guangzhou, China. One hundred Chinese individuals with SCI completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Center for Epidemiological Studies Short Depression Scale, and Acceptance of Disability Scale. Results: In general, there was low acceptance of disability and a high prevalence of depression among Chinese individuals with SCI. Higher acceptance of disability was associated with less depressive symptoms and higher level of perceived social support. Furthermore, depression was shown to mediate the relationship between perceived social support and acceptance of disability. Conclusion: Depression is an essential factor in the process of acceptance of disability. Cross-cultural studies are needed to facilitate a better understanding of the adjustment process following disabilities and apply culturally sensitive interventions to promote acceptance of disability.
Project Time and Cost Forecasting using Monte Carlo simulation and Artificial Neural Networks

The aim of this study is to present a new method to predict project time and cost under uncertainty. Assuming that what happens in projects implementation which is expressed in the form of Earned Value Management (EVM) indicators is primarily related to the nature of randomness or unreliability, in this study, by using Monte Carlo simulation and assuming a specific distribution for the time and cost of project activities, a significant number of predicting scenarios will be simulated. According to the data, an artificial neural network is used as an efficient data mining method to estimate the project time and cost at completion.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PREFERENCES OF INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM SPORTS

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of physical activity (PA) depends greatly on the options of executing preferable and favorite PA. Objective information about individual preferences in types of PA can support successful integration of adolescents into regular participation in PA. Defi ning the role of individual and team sports in regard to girls’ and boys’ sport preferences is a permanent problem that requires objective and continuous diagnostics. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship among girls’ and boys’ preferences in individual and team sports and further among these preferences and PA participation. METHODS: Online research was conducted in the Katowice region and 518 boys and 559 girls from the age of 15 to 17 years participated. All high schools in the region were called on for participation, but only schools that allowed the research examination participated. Sport preferences survey that participants completed online via INDARES system was used to diagnose preferences in individual and team sports. The results were analyzed using basic statistical procedures, the relationship was determined based on rank correlation coeffi cients and diff erences bet ween orders of preferred sports were tested by Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The most preferred individual sport in girls and boys is swimming, and that applies for all age groups. There is a very strong correlation (rs = .841–.895; p < .001) among girls’ and boys’ (15 to 17 years old) preferences in individual sports. Volleyball is the most preferred team sport for girls followed by basketball and handball. The most preferred team sport for boys is soccer by distantly followed by volleyball and basketball. The relationship between girls’ and boys’ team sports is not as strong as for individual sports (rs = .745–.763; p < .001). In regard to selected sports, boys and girls corresponded in their team sports preferences followed by individual sports preferences. The highest diff erence in preferences was evident in the group of rhythmic and dancing activities, which were ranked third by girls, while boys ranked them last. Both girls and boys who prefer individual sports and girls who prefer team sports participate longer in hourly range of organized PA. CONCLUSIONS: The Polish version of the online system INDARES is a suitable diagnostic tool for the examination of sport preferences sphere in adolescents. Understanding gender diff erences in sport preferences of adolescents can increase their participation in organized PA.
Consumer demand system of agri-food in Tanzania

This paper focused on consumer demand system of agri-food in Tanzania. The study investigated on the budget share of agri-food, estimated own price and income elasticities of demand of agri-food consumed by the households in Tanzanian context. The Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) was employed to estimate the consumer demand system of agri-food. The empirical results revealed that households' food budget share was 60% on average per month. The own price elasticity of demand for aggregated agri-food was inelastic (0.86). Income elasticity of demand for aggregated agri-food was 0.96. Moreover, inelastic demand of own price elasticity of agri-food products informed the government intervention in terms of agri-food price stabilization policies and programmes. Furthermore, income elasticity of < 1 suggested that interventions of Tanzanian government in terms of 'income support policies' can be done by increasing the incomes of lower and middle class income earners in rural and urban areas as consumers' economic stimulus package to increase normal food consumption. In rural areas where majority of farmers dwell, this can be done by promoting the price of farm products through minimum support price so that farmers can earn much more incomes from their economic activities as a result they can use it for purchasing normal food from the business sector.
Localized convection in rotating stratified fluid

We study the convective overturning of a rotating stratified fluid in the laboratory. Convection is induced from the surface of a salt-stratified fluid by the introduction of salty fluid over a circular area. The external parameters are buoyancy forcing of strength, B0, applied over a circular area of radius R, the rotation rate as measured by f, ambient stratification N, and the depth H. The experiments are motivated by physical scaling arguments which attempt to predict the length and velocity scales of the convective chimney as it adjusts under gravity and rotation and breaks up through baroclinic instability. The scales of interest include the number, size, and typical speeds of the fragments of the broken chimney, the final depth of penetration of the convective mixed layer, and the total volume of convectively produced water. These scales are tested against the laboratory experiments and found to be appropriate. In this idealized problem we have found the depth of penetration depends only on the size and strength of the forcing and the ambient stratification encountered by the convection event; it does not depend explicitly on rotation. The implications of the work to deep water formation in the Labrador Sea and elsewhere are discussed. Finally, the study has relevance to the role and representation of baroclinic eddies in large-scale circulation of the ocean.
Chronic Total Occlusions

The following chapter provides a brief overview on the prevalence, clinical features, and histological findings in chronically occluded coronary arteries. The role of coronary collaterals and myocardial viability as well as left ventricular function for the evaluation of treatment strategies of chronic total occlusions (CTO) will be discussed. Imaging modalities such as computed tomography and intracoronary imaging are discussed for their significance in CTO assessment and intervention. Finally, important clinical and procedural aspects, latest interventional strategies and techniques, the armamentarium of dedicated tools for CTO interventions, as well as evidence from published trials and clinical research in the field will be presented.
Fundamental Properties and Distances of the Large Magellanic Cloud from Eclipsing Binaries. II. HV 982

We have determined the distance to a second eclipsing binary (EB) system in the Large Magellanic Cloud, HV 982 (~B1 IV-V + ~B1 IV-V). The measurement of the distance—among other properties of the system—is based on optical photometry and spectroscopy and space-based UV/optical spectrophotometry. The analysis combines the "classical" EB study of light and radial velocity curves, which yields the stellar masses and radii, with a new analysis of the observed energy distribution, which yields the effective temperature, metallicity, and reddening of the system plus the distance "attenuation factor," essentially (radius/distance)2. Combining the results gives the distance to HV 982, which is 50.2 ± 1.2 kpc. This distance determination consists of a detailed study of well-understood objects (B stars) in a well-understood evolutionary phase (core H burning). The results are entirely consistent with—but do not depend on—stellar evolution calculations. There are no "zero-point" uncertainties as, for example, with the use of Cepheid variables. Neither is the result subject to sampling biases, as may affect techniques that utilize whole stellar populations, such as red giant branch stars. Moreover, the analysis is insensitive to stellar metallicity (although the metallicity of the stars is explicitly determined), and the effects of interstellar extinction are determined for each object studied. After correcting for the location of HV 982, we find an implied distance to the optical center of the LMC's bar of dLMC = 50.7 ± 1.2 kpc. This result differs by nearly 5 kpc from our earlier result for the EB HV 2274, which implies a bar distance of 45.9 kpc. These results may either reflect marginally compatible measures of a unique LMC distance or, alternatively, suggest a significant depth to the stellar distribution in the LMC. Some evidence for this latter hypothesis is discussed.
GROWTH KINETICS AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A CHRYSOPHYCEAN AND A HAPTOPHYCEAN FLAGELLATE

The growth kinetics of two nanoplankton flagellates newly isolated from the Cochin area have been described. The parameters measured are the rate of cell doubling, chlorophyll and carotenoids, C1* uptake and oxygen exchange. The typical growth curve of the species extends through the exponential growth phase (2nd to 4th day of inoculation), then gradually declines and continues to be stationary for two weeks before decline sets in.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND PREBIOTIC EFFECT OF aguamiel (Agave atrovirens) DURING in vitro FERMENTATION COMPOSICI ´ ON QUCAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE Y EL EFECTO PREBI ´ OTICO DEL aguamiel (Agave atrovirens) DURANTE SU FERMENTACI ´ ON in vitro

Characterization of the compounds present in aguamiel (A. atrovirens) by standard methods can evaluate the potential health e ect of aguamiel as a functional food or food ingredient. Aguamiel contained 89.61% moisture, 3.50% protein, 3.10% ash, and 61.31% total reduced sugars, of which 32.63% was total fructose and 28.68% was total glucose, while the fructooligosaccharides content was 15.51%. The aguamiel contained minerals such as potassium, calcium, and sodium in higher proportions, followed by iron, copper, magnesium, selenium and zinc. Were determined water-soluble vitamins B complex vitamins (B1, B2, B3 and B6) and ascorbic acid. It was found a total saponins content of 1.17 g/100 g of sample db, with anti-inflammatory activity. A total of nine essential and eight non-essential amino acids, of the 20 necessary for health, were determined in aguamiel. An additional characteristic was the phenolic compounds content, which exhibited antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS. The degree of polymerization of fructooligosaccharides was 5-10 determined by MALDI-TOF. The e ect fructooligosaccharides prebiotics during in vitro fermentation and the quantification of shortchain fatty acids were evaluated.
The Word of Mouth Communication of Cake Products Through Online Media: Application of the Elaboration Likelihood Model

The shift from offline to online in information search mandates marketers to think about how to make online reviews become persuasive, including for cake products. The purpose of this study is to explain the influence of argument quality, source credibility, and source attractiveness on persuasive e-WOM message and its impact on the e-WOM utilization and intention to purchase cake products at the nearest outlet. Data is obtained from 105 cake lover respondents, in which afterwards is analyzed utilizing the Partial Least Square method. The results show that argument quality and source attractiveness have a positive influence on persuasive e-WOM message, while the source credibility had no significant influence on persuasive e-WOM message. Furthermore, persuasive e-WOM message positively affects e-WOM utilization and the intention of buying cake products at nearby stores. The results of this study prove that argument quality is a central cue in the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and source attractiveness is a peripheral cue in the ELM which can change the behavior of online review readers on Instagram. Keywords: Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), argument quality, source credibility, source attractiveness, persuasive message, intention to buy
Statistical Machine Translation - The Problem of Unknown Words

Developing systems that translate words as accurately as humans is not an easy task. Statistical Machine Translation systems base themselves on training data. So, when translating a document, some of the words in that document might not have been encountered in the training phase and, thus, the system does not know how to translate these words. The objective of this work is to develop a system that finds possible translations of these unknown words. Since words from closely related languages have common ancestors, many of these words will end up having similarities that can help us in discovering if they are possible translations of each other or not, these words are named cognate words. Therefore, we explore orthographic similarities between words to find translations. We also make use of Logical Analogy, by attempting to infer the translation of the unknown word by looking at the translations of words related to it. Our final method tested uses the context in which each word is inserted to calculate how similar two words are. By merging these systems, we try to maximize the number of unknown words translated. Our approach is tested in the translation of corpora from Portuguese to English (and viceversa).
Two essays on financial condition of firms

This dissertation includes two related chapters that analyze financial condition of firms. In the first chapter, I examine the relationship between the firms’ level of cash holdings and governance. The findings show that higher levels of cash holdings are significantly related to strong governance. The results also show that firms with strong governance hold asymmetrically higher levels of cash than firms with weak governance when they have high growth opportunities. Furthermore, I also test the impact of financial constraint status of the firm on the level of cash holdings for both good and poorly governed firms separately. The results suggest that strong governance firms hold higher levels of cash to use as financial slack in order to avoid financial distress. In the second essay I examine if a firm’s success in leaving distress is explained by firm characteristics and manager decisions. I proxy the managers’ decisions by measuring changes in operating, investing, and financing choice variables. Timely decisions with regard to product refinement, proxied by increased investment in research and development and reduction in capital expenditures, increase the probability of successful turnaround. Further the results show that increased financing through additional sale of equity, acquisitions and sale of assets do not help a firm exit financial distress.
Identification and characterization of 16 recent Chinese isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 2 ( BVDV-2 )

Eighty calf blood samples were collected from different areas of China and were examined. Sixteen non cytopathic isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 2 (BVDV-2) were isolated by specific BVDV-2directed RT-PCR and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were verified by the indirect immunofluorescence assay and the ultra-thin sections. Genes of 5'-UTR, E2 and N pro
Effects of Customer Engagement Behavior

Aim/purpose – Research addressing the customer engagement behavior (CEB) has rapidly developed in the marketing discipline, contributing to the knowledge on network organization. However, insights into the specific outcomes of CEB remain largely nebulous. Few comprehensive conceptual frameworks of CEB effects exists in the literature to-date. The empirical verification of CEB outcomes, particularly at the firm level, is still missing. Design/methodology/approach – In this article we first provide an overview of the CEB conceptualizations and its effects. Next we develop the CEB firm-level performance outcomes framework. Finally we explore CEB process, forms and outcomes in Stanley Black & Decker, applying qualitative methodological approach (case research incl. participant observation). Findings – We propose the logically arranged CEB effects in the conceptual model integrated with marketing metrics which are related to the recent advances in customer equity and customer asset management. Research implications/limitations – In empirical research we focused on the CEB effects related to one type of customer behaviors, i.e. Stanley Black& Decker customers’ involvement in the product development and innovation which is a limitation in obtain1 The work was financially supported by the National Science Centre in Poland, project no 2014/13/B/HS4/01614. Katarzyna Żyminkowska, Tomasz Żyminkowski, Rafał Błaszczyk 134 ing the comprehensive empirical picture of all CEB forms and its outcomes. Further empirical research (incl. quantitative one) is necessary to verify our conceptual model. Originality/value/contribution – Our model of firm-level performance effects of CEB extends existing proposals and contributes to the knowledge on effective CEB management process in network organizations.