Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3. The Impact of Ante- and Post-Mortem Factors on the Incidence of Pork Defective Meat – A Review

Abstract The occurrence of defective meat depends on factors affecting meat quality at the various stages of meat production. Defective meat has a broad definition and includes any property of meat that will dissatisfy end-users. For consumers the main meat quality features are colour, taste and texture (tenderness and juiciness). For processors and butchers very important are technological quality features: water holding capacity, pH, content of connective tissue, fat and protein. The functionality of defective meat is limited. The risk of incidence of defective meat is a result of the combination of ante-mortem and post-mortem factors. The ante-mortem factors are linked with the procedure at the lairage, the slaughtering factors, such as the method of stunning, and the post-mortem factors, including processing of meat carcasses. The ante-mortem factors such as genotype, gender, breeding conditions, nutrition, transport conditions, stress, weather conditions and the methods of slaughter are considered of primary importance for the quality of pork. It is estimated that 40% of meat defects are due to the procedure at the lairage. The impact of stressors causes a loss of weight of the pigs, contributes, in extreme cases, to the death of porkers, increases the risk of incidence of defective meat. Mixing animals from different herds is the cause of stress which leads to aggression and fights between animals. Limiting the stress factors is essential for improving the quality of pork. The applied stunning method affects the quality of meat. Physical stress during electrical stunning is associated with risk of an accelerated post-mortem glycolysis, contributing to the rapid decrease in pH. In comparison with the electrical method, stunning with carbon dioxide causes less stress in swine. In order to reduce the occurrence of defective meat, bleeding should be carried out as soon as possible directly after stunning. Deterioration of the quality of meat in the production chain can occur at any stage and is most often associated with the lack of compliance with the standards. The studies on the improvement of livestock breeding, transport and marketing carried out over a number of years contributed to the introduction of international standards and, consequently, to the reduction of quality and quantity losses in pork.
Petrogenesis and conditions of crystallization of Spanish lamproitic rocks

The lamproitic rocks of southeast Spain (8.6-6 Ma) occur mainly as dykes and plugs in the provinces of Murcia, Almeria and Albacete. Phlogopite, olivine, apatite, spinel, sanidine and glass are ubiquitous. Clinopyroxene, ortiopyroxene, K-rich amphibole, biotite, ilmenite, pseudobrookite, leucite, analcime and carbonates may be additional phases. The magmas crystallized at temperatures below ca. l200oC. Oxygen fugacity during crystallization varied from ca. WM at Calasparra to values intermediate between Mn1_"O - Mn3O4 (MnH in the text) and NNO at Jumilla and Aljorra. The /(HF)f(H2O) and
An empirical study of variety and bundling effects on choice and satisfaction : new telecommunication and media services

THE ECONOMICS OF MEDIA AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS This report is one of a series of papers and reports published by the Institute for Research in Economics and Business Administration (SNF) as part of its telecommunications and media economics program. The main focus of the research program is to analyze the dynamics of the telecommunications and media sectors, and the connections between technology, products and business models. The project “DEBUSSY – Designing business models for value creation in heterogeneous network services” is funded by The Research Council of Norway (VERDIKT), Telenor, Agder Energi, Devoteam and The Norwegian Post and Telecommunications Authorities
Comparison of Rip Current Hazard Likelihood Forecasts with Observed Rip Current Speeds

AbstractAlthough rip currents are a major hazard for beachgoers, the relationship between the danger to swimmers and the physical properties of rip current circulation is not well understood. Here, the relationship between statistical model estimates of hazardous rip current likelihood and in situ velocity observations is assessed. The statistical model is part of a forecasting system that is being made operational by the National Weather Service to predict rip current hazard likelihood as a function of wave conditions and water level. The temporal variability of rip current speeds (offshore-directed currents) observed on an energetic sandy beach is correlated with the hindcasted hazard likelihood for a wide range of conditions. High likelihoods and rip current speeds occurred for low water levels, nearly shore-normal wave angles, and moderate or larger wave heights. The relationship between modeled hazard likelihood and the frequency with which rip current speeds exceeded a threshold was assessed for a r.
Effect of Image Quality Service and Schools Parents of Satisfaction in Surabaya.

This study aimed to determine the effect of Quality of Service (X1), the image of School (X2) either partially or simultaneously to the satisfaction of Parents' (Y) in the School of Surabaya. This study has four hypotheses, namely: (1) there is an allegation of a positive and significant relationship between service quality in partial satisfaction of the Parents' School in Surabaya. (2) there are allegations about a positive and significant relationship between the partial image of the Parents 'Satisfaction (Y) in the School of Surabaya, (3) there is a suspicion of a positive and significant relationship between service quality and image simultaneously on Parents' Satisfaction in School Surabaya, (4) there is suspicion between the two independent variables and the image and quality of service, quality of service is the most significant effect on increasing Satisfaction Parents' School in Surabaya? The subjects of this study were parents of students with a sample of 100 respondents (stratified random sampling). Data was collected using a modified Likert scale. The data obtained and analyzed with the help of Program Statistics for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.00 for Windows with multiple regression analysis. The results showed that, the partial effect of Service Quality on job performance 4.336 (the t-table 1.980). Based on hypothesis testing a significant difference between Service Quality with Parent Satisfaction, because t-count more than t-table,. Effect of the partial image of the school to the 2440 performance (on t-table 1.980). Based on hypothesis testing a significant difference between the image of the School Parent Satisfaction, for t-count more than t-table. , Along the influence of two variables and images Schools and Quality Service to the satisfaction of the parents are at 0.815 or 81.5%. Based on the hypothesis can be concluded, that the image of the school and the quality of service simultaneously significant effect on Parent Satisfaction, Service Quality (X1) and Parents' Satisfaction (Y) with a value of 0.802 linkages and higher than the value of the image of School 0774. So the quality of service that most significantly affect parental satisfaction.
Destroying Aliases from the Ground and Space: Super-Nyquist ZZ Cetis in K2 Long Cadence Data

With typical periods of the order of 10 minutes, the pulsation signatures of ZZ Ceti variables (pulsating hydrogen-atmosphere white dwarf stars) are severely undersampled by long-cadence (29.42 minutes per exposure) K2 observations. Nyquist aliasing renders the intrinsic frequencies ambiguous, stifling precision asteroseismology. We report the discovery of two new ZZ Cetis in long-cadence K2 data: EPIC 210377280 and EPIC 220274129. Guided by three to four nights of follow-up, high-speed ( s) photometry from the McDonald Observatory, we recover accurate pulsation frequencies for K2 signals that reflected four to five times off the Nyquist with the full precision of over 70 days of monitoring (∼0.01 μHz). In turn, the K2 observations enable us to select the correct peaks from the alias structure of the ground-based signals caused by gaps in the observations. We identify at least seven independent pulsation modes in the light curves of each of these stars. For EPIC 220274129, we detect three complete sets of rotationally split (dipole mode) triplets, which we use to asteroseismically infer the stellar rotation period of 12.7 ± 1.3 hr. We also detect two sub-Nyquist K2 signals that are likely combination (difference) frequencies. We attribute our inability to match some of the K2 signals to the ground-based data to changes in pulsation amplitudes between epochs of observation. Model fits to SOAR spectroscopy place both EPIC 210377280 and EPIC 220274129 near the middle of the ZZ Ceti instability strip, with K and 11810 ± 210 K, and masses 0.57 ± 0.03 M⊙ and 0.62 ± 0.03 M⊙, respectively.
Effects of W/P ratio and limestone filler on permeability of cement pastes

Because of environmental and economic benefits, a fraction of cement is increasingly replaced by limestone fillers raising a question on to what extent limestone fillers affect the durability of cementitious materials. This work aims at understanding the effects of water/powder (w/p) ratio and limestone filler replacement on water permeability of cement pastes. A newly proposed technique using a controlled constant flow concept was applied to measure permeability of hardened cement paste samples following a factorial experimental design. It was observed that both limestone filler and w/p ratio significantly influence the water permeability. At a given w/p ratio, adding limestone filler made the microstructure coarser, especially for high w/p ratio. Nevertheless, if the comparison is based on a given water/cement (w/c) ratio instead of w/p ratio, the limestone filler replacement refined the microstructure in terms of capillary porosity and pore size distribution, resulting in permeability decreases of cement pastes. Furthermore, a modified Carmen-Kozeny relation was established which enables prediction of the permeability from capillary porosity and the critical pore diameter.
Constraints on the evolution of the relationship between H i mass and halo mass in the last 12 Gyr

The neutral hydrogen (HI) content of dark matter haloes forms an intermediate state in the baryon cycle that connects the hot shock-heated gas and cold star-forming gas in haloes. Measurement of the relationship between HI mass and halo mass therefore puts important constraints on galaxy formation models. We combine radio observations of HI in emission at low redshift ($z\sim 0$) with optical/UV observations of HI in absorption at high redshift ($1<z<4$) to derive constraints on the evolution of the HI-mass halo-mass (HIHM) relation from redshift $z=4$ to $z=0$. We find that one can model the HIHM relation similar to the stellar-mass halo-mass (SHM) relation at $z \sim 0$. At $z=0$, haloes with mass $10^{11.7}$ M$_\odot$ have the highest HI mass fraction ($\sim 1\%$), which is about four times smaller than their stellar mass fraction. We model the evolution of the HIHM relation in a manner similar to that of the SHM relation. Combining this parameterisation with a redshift- and mass-dependent modified Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profile for the HI density within a halo, we draw constraints on the evolution of the HIHM relation from the observed HI column density, incidence rate, and clustering bias at high redshift. We compare these findings with results from hydrodynamical simulations and other approaches in the literature, and find the models to be consistent with each other at the $68\%$ confidence level.
A Review of the Quantitative Research on Multigrade Instruction.

Note: This article is part of a larger publication entitled The Multigrade Classroom: A resource Handbook for Small, Rural Schools. Thisarticle and the handbook from which it comes arepublications based on work sponsoredwholey, or in part, by the Officeof EducationalResearchand Improvement(OERI), Departmentof Education, underContractNumber400-86-0006. Thecontent in thesepublicationsdo not necessarilyreflect the viewsof OERI, theDepartment, or any other agency of the U.S. Government.
Comparative evaluation of the nutritional benefits of some underutilised plants leaves

Edible plants are good nutrients sources. Seven lesser known plant leaves (Tecoma stans (Tecom), Solenostemon monostachyus (SoleMon), Ficus exasperata (FicEx), Senna fistula (SenFist), Citrullus lanatus (CitLan), Ocimum gratissimum (OciGrat) and Ipomea involucrata (Ipocrata)) were assessed for their nutrients along with those commonly used for nutritional and medicinal purposes. Tecom (46.27 %); CitLan (58.22 %); SoleMon (4.64 %) and SenFist (5.12 %); SenFist (26.19 %); and FicEx (20.94 %) exhibited highest carbohydrate; protein; fat; crude fibre; and ash respectively. Variable levels of minerals were found in all except in OciGrat, FicEx, Tecom, Vernonia amygdalina and Talinum triangulare that lack copper. Ipocrata and Cymbopogon citratus were adequately rich in all the bulk nutrients. Cadmium and lead were generally high in all the plants. The underutlised leaves may useful as medicinal foods that are required in small quantity to prevent heavy metal toxicity.
Antiimplantation activity of the ethanolic root extract of Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl in rats

Objective : To evaluate the antiimplantation activity of the ethanolic root extract of Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl. Materials and Methods : The acute oral toxicity study was performed according to the OPPTS guidelines. The ethanolic root extract was investigated for antiimplantation, estrogenic and progestrogenic activities at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. Antiimplantation activity was studied on successive stages of embryogenesis. Estrogenic studies were carried out by examining uterine weight, histoarchitecture of uterus, vaginal cornification, uterine content of glucose, cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase levels in immature rats. Progestrogenic activity assay was performed by pregnancy maintenance in rats and Clauberg's test (endometrial proliferation assay) in immature rabbits. Results : Both doses of the ethanolic root extract exhibited highly significant (P Conclusion : The ethanolic root extract of Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl exhibited antiimplantation activity but this is not due to estrogenic or progestrogenic activities.
The XENON Dark Matter programme: From XENON100 to XENON1T

The XENON Collaboration is presently operating the XENON10 0 dual-phase time projection chamber (TPC) at the LNGS underground laboratory in Italy to search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The detector contains 161 kg of li quid xenon of which 62 kg is the WIMP target mass and the rest is used for shielding and acti ve veto. The TPC capability of three dimensional vertex reconstruction and the combinati o of scintillation and ionisation signals allow for volume fiducialization and discrimination betwee n lectronic and nuclear recoils. In 2011, results based on 100.9 live days set the strongest limi t on WIMP interactions at that time. Since then, new results were released in July 2012, with more than one calendar year of data, a lower krypton-related background, a lower trigger thresho ld and a longer electron lifetime. Based on a blind analysis of 224.6 live days × 34 kg exposure, no evidence of dark matter interaction was observed. The new results supersede the previous limit, excluding at 90% confidence level spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross sections as low as 2 × 10−45 cm2 at 55 GeV/c2 WIMP mass. The next phase of the programme will be accomplished wi th the XENON1T detector in construction at LNGS. The new detector will employ 2.4 ton s of liquid xenon and will be placed in a water tank for further background reduction. The goal of XENON1T is to achieve a spin-independent cross section sensitivity of ∼ 2×10−47 cm2 at a WIMP mass of 50 GeV/c 2. I report on results from the operating XENON100 detector and d escribe the upcoming XENON1T experiment.
Atomic data for neutron-capture elements - I. Photoionization and recombination properties of low-charge selenium ions

We present multi-configuration Breit-Pauli distorted-wave photoionization (PI) cross sections and radiative recombination (RR) and dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients for the first six krypton ions. These were calculated with the AUTOSTRUCTURE code, using semi-relativistic radial wavefunctions in intermediate coupling. Kr has been detected in several planetary nebulae (PNe) and H II regions, and is a useful tracer of neutron-capture nucleosynthesis. PI, RR, and DR data are required to accurately correct for unobserved Kr ions in photoionized nebulae, and hence to determine elemental Kr abundances. PI cross sections have been determined for ground configuration states of Kr 0 −Kr 5+ up to 100 Rydbergs. Our Kr + PI calculations were significantly improved through comparison with experimental measurements. RR and DR rate coefficients were respectively determined from the direct and resonant PI cross sections at temperatures (10 1 −10 7 )z 2 K, where z is the charge. We account for Δn = 0D R core excitations, and find that DR is the dominant recombination mechanism for all but Kr + at photoionized plasma temperatures. Internal uncertainties are estimated by comparing results computed with three different configuration-interaction expansions for each ion, and by testing the sensitivity to variations in the orbital radial scaling parameters. The PI cross sections are generally uncertain by 30−50% near the ground state thresholds. Near 10 4 K, the RR rate coefficients are typically uncertain by less than 10%, while those of DR exhibit uncertainties of factors of 2 to 3, due to the unknown energies of near-threshold autoionizing resonances. With the charge transfer rate coefficients presented in the third paper of this series, these data enable robust Kr abundance determinations in photoionized nebulae for the first time, providing a new tool for studying heavy element enrichments in PNe and for investigating the chemical evolution of trans-iron elements.
Legitimizing Private Actors in Global Governance: From Performance to Performativity

Global governance is frequently criticised because of major legitimacy deficits, including lack of public accountability and democratic control. Within this context, questions about the legitimacy of non-state governance actors, such as non-governmental organizations, transnational corporations and private security companies, are neither an exception nor a surprise. Many actors have, therefore, turned to the measurement of performance, defined as publicly beneficial outcomes, in order to gain legitimacy. However, the rise of performance assessments as legitimizing practice is not without problems. Taking global security and health interventions as examples, this article contends that the immaterial, socially constructed and inherently contested nature of such public goods presents major obstacles for the assessment of performance in terms of observable, measurable and attributable outcomes. Performance is therefore frequently replaced by performativity, i.e. a focus on the repetitive enactment of specific forms of behaviour and capabilities, which are simply equated with the intended results. The implications for how global public goods are conceptualized and, ultimately, implemented are profound.
The reliability and validity of Self Stigma of Seeking Help Scale (SSOSH) in a Turkish sample

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of Self Stigma of Seeking Help Scale (SSOSH) in a Turkish sample. Methods: The scale items were translated into Turkish by the researchers and three specialists who have good knowledge of both languages. The scale was translated back by two specialists, and experts opinions from different fields were consulted on the properness of the phrases. The scale was pre-administered to 40 university students. The scale was administered to a group of 299 university students so as to obtain results on validity and reliability, and to a group of 202 university students so as to find out the concurrent validity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were conducted to determine and confirm the structure of the scale. The scale was administered to a group of 40 university students over a three weeks interval for test-retest reliability of the scale. Results: EFA and CFA showed that the items had a two-factor structure in Turkish culture. It was found out that factor loading of the 23 items ranged between 0.533 and 0.771; item-total correlation ranged between 0.445 and 0.754. Internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) of the whole scale was found out to be 0.90, coefficient of stability 0.82, concurrent validity 0.71. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the Turkish version of SSOSH is a reliable and valid scale for the assessment of self-stigma of seeking help on university student population.
Calcareous tufas in the soligenous mires of eastern Poland as an indicator of the Holocene climatic changes

Measurements of stable carbon and oxygen isotope composition and radiocarbon datings of sediments of soligenous mires from the Lublin Upland (E Poland) were used for reconstruction of palaeoenvironmental changes during the last 10 ka. Six depositional phases of the Holocene calcareous tufas were recognized: 10.3-9.9; 8.0-7.5; 6.7-6.5; 6.0-5.6; 2.5-1.7; 1.0-0.6 ka BP. They corresponded to the periods of relatively warm and humid climatic conditions.
Investor’s Preferences towards Mutual Fund Industry in Trichy

A Mutual fund is the ideal investment vehicle for today’s complex and modern financial scenario, there has been growing importance of mutual fund investment in India, when compared with other financial instruments. Investments in mutual funds are safer and also yields more returns on the portfolio investment. Mutual fund are said to be the best channels for mobilizing the funds of the small investors and contribute significantly to the capital markets. The present study explains briefly about the mutual fund industry, The study also helps to understand the role of investment pattern and preferences of investors behind investing in mutual fund.