Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Traumatic brain injury and social competence among young male offenders

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among young incarcerated males and determine the extent of deficits in behavioural regulation, aggression, hopelessness, and perceived social support, compared to a control group of non-incarcerated males. Methods: Sixty-two young offenders and 58 university-based, gender-matched controls agreed to take part. We collected information on criminal history, risk taking behaviour, drug and alcohol abuse, and mental illness. In addition, we employed measures of brain injury, hopelessness, behavioural regulation, aggression, and perceived social support. Results: Just over 87% (n = 54) of offenders exhibited some level of TBI with over 31% (n = 17) reporting six or more injuries. Offenders with TBI exhibited poorer behavioural control (p < 0.001; M = 66.01 vs. M = 51.33; 95% CI –19.08 to –11.76), higher levels of aggression (p < 0.001; M = 101.19 vs. M = 69.39; 95% CI –38.31 to –27.17), and higher levels of hopelessness (p < 0.001; M = 5.65 vs. M = 2.55) when compared to controls with TBI. Severity of TBI correlated positively with behavioural regulation, aggression, and hopelessness. Conclusions: Greater recognition of the presence and consequences of TBI within the custodial estate is necessary if the needs of young offenders are to be adequately met. Young offenders with TBI experience heightened vulnerability and need rehabilitative input to support their time in prison and on their return to society. Implications for rehabilitation The presence of TBI is under reported within offending populations, with many young offenders lacking awareness of their injury or its implications on their health and behaviour. Healthcare staff within the custodial estate should be trained to screen and assess cognitive, behavioural and emotional deficits which have arisen following TBI. Greater recognition of TBI within the custodial estate could improve the targeting of deficits and lead to rehabilitation programmes which address behavioural regulation difficulties. Rehabilitation of TBI deficits within, and on release from prison, has the potential to help reduce recidivism, leading to reduced costs for the criminal justice system and improved quality of life for young men.
Better-Educated, Older, or Unmarried Pregnant Women Comply Less with Iron–Folic Acid Supplementation in Southern Ethiopia

Abstract Daily iron supplementation, with or without folic acid, is a proven public health intervention. Although maintaining compliance is crucial for the success of the intervention, inconsistent findings are available on compliance and its predictors in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to estimate the iron–folic acid (IFA) supplementation compliance rate and its predictors among pregnant women in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in eight randomly selected health centers in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 647 pregnant women were included using multistage sampling procedure. Data were entered into Epi Info (a free statistical analysis software) and exported to SPSS. Bivariate relationship was explored through correlation coefficients. A multiple linear regression model was constructed to estimate the variability coefficient of the compliance rate due to selected factors. Of 647 pregnant women, only 18 (2.8%) pregnant women had received the supplement for 90 days or more. Overall, the compliance rate was 73.2% (95% CI, 70.72 to 75.79). Experiencing heartburn and vomiting significantly reduced the compliance rate. Unintended pregnancy and better education were negatively associated with compliance. By contrast, acceptability of IFA supplement, number of antenatal care (ANC) visits, and being ever married were positive predictors. On average, a pregnant woman did not take more than one-fourth of the daily IFA supplementation. During ANC visits, addressing the issues of side effects, unintended pregnancy, and acceptability of the supplement may improve compliance rate. Overall in Ethiopia, educated, older, and unmarried Ethiopian women need additional attention for successful compliance.
Computerized ultrasonic axiographic evaluation of condylar movement in patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate condylar movement during lateral excursion in individuals with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) using ultrasonic axiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 34 patients with internal derangement of the TMJ and 34 participants in the control group were examined. Mandibular functional movement was recorded by ultrasonic axiography. Three-dimensional condylar movement was measured in the working and balancing condyles. RESULTS Significant differences in condylar movement were found between the two groups. In the group with internal derangement of the TMJ, the three-dimensional linear distances of the condylar path in a working condyle were greater than in the control group during lateral excursion. The speed of the balancing condyle in the returning path of lateral excursion was significantly greater in the group with internal derangement than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that internal derangement of TMJ may affect the working and balancing condylar movements during lateral excursion.
The Prostate

Department of Urology, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürch, Zürich, Switzerland Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH‐PSI‐USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen‐PSI, Switzerland Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kantonsspital Baden, Baden, Switzerland
Efficacy of Home-Based Telerehabilitation vs In-Clinic Therapy for Adults After Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Many patients receive suboptimal rehabilitation therapy doses after stroke owing to limited access to therapists and difficulty with transportation, and their knowledge about stroke is often limited. Telehealth can potentially address these issues. Objectives To determine whether treatment targeting arm movement delivered via a home-based telerehabilitation (TR) system has comparable efficacy with dose-matched, intensity-matched therapy delivered in a traditional in-clinic (IC) setting, and to examine whether this system has comparable efficacy for providing stroke education. Design, Setting, and Participants In this randomized, assessor-blinded, noninferiority trial across 11 US sites, 124 patients who had experienced stroke 4 to 36 weeks prior and had arm motor deficits (Fugl-Meyer [FM] score, 22-56 of 66) were enrolled between September 18, 2015, and December 28, 2017, to receive telerehabilitation therapy in the home (TR group) or therapy at an outpatient rehabilitation therapy clinic (IC group). Primary efficacy analysis used the intent-to-treat population. Interventions Participants received 36 sessions (70 minutes each) of arm motor therapy plus stroke education, with therapy intensity, duration, and frequency matched across groups. Main Outcomes and Measures Change in FM score from baseline to 4 weeks after end of therapy and change in stroke knowledge from baseline to end of therapy. Results A total of 124 participants (34 women and 90 men) had a mean (SD) age of 61 (14) years, a mean (SD) baseline FM score of 43 (8) points, and were enrolled a mean (SD) of 18.7 (8.9) weeks after experiencing a stroke. Among those treated, patients in the IC group were adherent to 33.6 of the 36 therapy sessions (93.3%) and patients in the TR group were adherent to 35.4 of the 36 assigned therapy sessions (98.3%). Patients in the IC group had a mean (SD) FM score change of 8.36 (7.04) points from baseline to 30 days after therapy (P < .001), while those in the TR group had a mean (SD) change of 7.86 (6.68) points (P < .001). The covariate-adjusted mean FM score change was 0.06 (95% CI, -2.14 to 2.26) points higher in the TR group (P = .96). The noninferiority margin was 2.47 and fell outside the 95% CI, indicating that TR is not inferior to IC therapy. Motor gains remained significant when patients enrolled early (<90 days) or late (≥90 days) after stroke were examined separately. Conclusions and Relevance Activity-based training produced substantial gains in arm motor function regardless of whether it was provided via home-based telerehabilitation or traditional in-clinic rehabilitation. The findings of this study suggest that telerehabilitation has the potential to substantially increase access to rehabilitation therapy on a large scale. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02360488.
Alcohol use among conflict-affected persons in Ukraine: risk factors, coping and access to mental health services.

BACKGROUND There are approximately 1.5 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Ukraine as a result of the conflict in eastern Ukraine. Exposure to violence, forced displacement and increased mental disorders are potential risk-factors for alcohol use disorder (AUD). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for AUD among Ukrainian IDPs and investigate the relationship between AUD, mental health service utilization and coping behaviours. METHODS A nation-wide cross-sectional survey of 2203 IDPs was conducted. Data were collected on AUD [using alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT)], mental health disorders, utilization of health services and coping behaviours. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for AUD, and to estimate the odds ratios for the association between alcohol use and utilization of health services and coping behaviours. RESULTS Of 2203 IDPs surveyed, 8.4% of men and 0.7% of women screened positive for AUD (AUDIT >7). Among current drinkers, AUD was present in 14.9% of men and 1.8% of women. Age, cumulative trauma exposure and anxiety were significantly associated with AUD in multivariable analysis. Alcohol users were 43% less likely to access health services for mental health compared with non-users. AUD was associated with more negative coping behaviours. CONCLUSIONS AUD is present within the male Ukrainian IDP population. Alcohol use was significantly associated with lower utilization of mental health services and more negative coping behaviours. AUD screening and low-intensity treatment services should be expanded for IDPs in Ukraine, particularly if integrated into mental health and psychosocial support programmes.
Relationship Among Coping Strategies, Quality of Life, and Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Hemodialysis Patients

Patients with hemodialysis face many physical and emotional stressors; yet little is known regarding coping strategies and their effects on patients' quality of life (QOL) and anxiety and depressive disorders. A total of 117 patients were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study between October 2016 and April 2017. This study assessed QOL (Medical outcome short form 36—MOS 36), coping (Assessment Scale for Coping Attitudes—COPE) and psychiatric comorbidities in hemodialysis patients. Beck Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Scale were also applied. Differences between groups were evaluated using Student's t‐tests and anova. Correlations among parameters were performed. Patients with any depressive disorder (22.2%, n = 26) and patients with any anxiety disorder (19.6%, n = 23) reported more impaired QOL. The most frequently used coping strategy in all patients was religious coping. Use of instrumental social support, humor, and positive reinterpretation scores were lower in patients with any depressive disorder (P = 0.009, P = 0.034, P = 0.047). The total score of emotion‐focused coping strategies was lower with patients with any depressive disorder (P = 0.021) and emotion‐focused coping strategies were positively correlated with QOL scores. Younger age and longer duration of hemodialysis have significant negative correlation with emotion‐focused coping strategies' total score (P = 0.01, P = 0.02). Patients with hemodialysis use variety of coping strategies. The use of emotion‐focused coping was associated with better QOL and reducing the risk of depressive disorder. Interventions to facilitate the use of adaptive coping strategies may improve patients' QOL and mood.
Is urinary excretion of plasminogen associated with development of pre-eclampsia? An observational, explorative case–control study

Objectives Pre-eclampsia (PE) is characterised by renal glomerular endotheliosis and injury to the glomerular filtration barrier with proteinuria. Patients with PE display aberrant filtration of the plasma proenzyme plasminogen which is activated, in the tubular fluid, to plasmin. Plasmin may activate the epithelial sodium channel and cause impaired sodium excretion and contribute to hypertension. An explorative study was conducted to test the association between urinary total plasminogen/plasmin and the development of PE. A positive association was hypothesised. Design An observational, explorative, nested case–control study of healthy pregnant women. Settings A Danish County hospital. Samples were collected between 2001 and 2004. Participants 1631 healthy pregnant women participated. Urine samples were collected longitudinally six times during pregnancy. 30 developed PE (cases) and were compared with 146 randomly selected healthy pregnant women (controls). Primary outcome The association between total plasminogen/plasmin excreted in the urine and PE development is expressed by ORs. Total urinary excretion of plasminogen/plasmin was defined by the urine plasminogen-plasmin/creatinine ratio. Secondary outcome The association between urine (u)-albumin/creatinine ratio, u-aldosterone/creatinine ratio and PE development is expressed by ORs. The correlation between urinary (u-) plasmin and u-aldosterone concentration is expressed as a correlation coefficient. Results The development of PE in late pregnancy was associated with increased levels of the urine plasminogen-plasmin/creatinine ratio (OR=2.35; 95% CI: 1.12 to 4.93; p<0.05). U-aldosterone/creatinine ratio did not predict PE at any time. U-albumin/creatinine ratio was positively associated with the development of PE from gestational week 33 (OR=14.04; 95% CI: 2.56 to 76.97; p<0.01) and in week 33–35 (OR=14.15; 95% CI: 3.44 to 58.09; p<0.001) and after gestational week 36, respectively. Conclusion Aberrant filtration of plasminogen may contribute to the pathophysiological features of impaired sodium excretion and hypertension associated with PE late in pregnancy. However, increased urinary albumin levels reveal stronger associations with PE development compared with urinary plasminogen levels.
Protect-me: a parallel-group, triple blinded, placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial protocol assessing antenatal maternal melatonin supplementation for fetal neuroprotection in early-onset fetal growth restriction

Introduction Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a serious pregnancy complication, associated with increased rates of perinatal death and morbidity among survivors. Most commonly FGR results from placental insufficiency, where the placenta fails to deliver the oxygen and nutrients required for normal fetal growth. This leads to fetal oxidative stress, resulting in organ damage through lipid peroxidation. The early developing brain is particularly susceptible, such that FGR is associated with poorer neurodevelopment, witnessed as cognitive and behavioural dysfunction, and cerebral palsy. Promisingly, melatonin, a lipid soluble antioxidant is neuroprotective in animal models of FGR. We present a protocol outlining a randomised, placebo-controlled trial to explore whether antenatal maternal melatonin supplementation in pregnancies with severe, early-onset FGR can improve neurodevelopment among survivors at 2 years of age. Methods and analyses We will recruit 336 women with a singleton pregnancy complicated by FGR between 23+0 and 31+6 weeks gestation. Participants will be randomised, stratified by gestational age, to either 30 mg melatonin per day or a visually identical placebo, continued until birth. Measures of maternal and fetal health will be collected until birth. Timing of birth will be determined by the treating clinical team in discussion with the woman. Neonatal and infant neurodevelopmental assessments will be undertaken, consisting of brain MRI at term corrected age, general movements assessment at term and 3 months’ corrected age, and Bayley Scales of Infant & Toddler Development-III and Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment at 2.5 years corrected age. Analyses will be on intention to treat. The primary outcome is a difference of 5 points in the cognitive domain of the Bayley-III. Secondary outcomes address maternal and fetal safety. Ethics and dissemination This trial has Monash Health Human Research and Ethics committee approval (17-0000-583A). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and to participants. Trial registration number ACTRN12617001515381; Pre-results
The role of collective efficacy in long‐term condition management: A metasynthesis

Abstract Social networks have been found to have a valuable role in supporting the management of long‐term conditions. However, the focus on the quality and how well self‐management interventions work focus on individualised behavioural outcomes such as self‐efficacy and there is a need for understanding that focuses on the role of wider collective processes in self‐management support. Collective efficacy presents a potentially useful candidate concept in the development and understanding of self‐management support interventions. To date it has mainly been utilised in the context of organisations and neighbourhoods related to social phenomena such as community cohesion. Drawing on Bandura's original theorisation this meta‐synthesis explores how studies of collective efficacy might illuminate collective elements operating within the personal communities of people with long‐term conditions. A qualitative meta‐synthesis was undertaken. Studies published between 1998 and 2018 that examined collective efficacy in relation to health and well‐being using qualitative and mixed methods was eligible for inclusion. Timing of engagement with others, building trust in the group, and legitimising ongoing engagement with the group arised as central elements of collective efficacy. The two themes forming third order constructs were related to the presence of continuous interaction and ongoing relational work between members of the group. Collective efficacy can develop and be sustained over time in a range of situations where individuals may not have intense relationships with one another and have limited commitment and contact with one another. Extending this to the personal communities of people with long‐term conditions it may be the case that collective efficacy enables a number of engagement opportunities which can be oriented towards assisting with support from networks over a sustained length of time. This may include negotiating acceptable connections to resources and activities which in turn may help change existing practice in ways that improve long‐term condition management.
Mass Cytometry Reveals the Immaturity of Circulating Neutrophils during SIV Infection

The infected host fails to eradicate HIV-1, despite significant control of viral replication by combinational antiretroviral therapy. Here, we assessed the impact of HIV infection on immune-cell compartments in a SIVmac251 nonhuman primate infection model, which allowed the choice of contamination route, time of infection, and treatment follow-up. We performed high-throughput multiparameter single-cell phenotyping by mass cytometry to obtain a global vision of the immune system in blood and bone marrow. Circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) with impaired phagocytosis had altered surface expression of CD62L and CD11b during early chronic infection. The initiation of combinational antiretroviral treatment during primary infection did not restore PMN function. The maturation state of PMNs was highly altered during late chronic SIV infection, showing a primarily immature phenotype. Our results provide new insights into PMN involvement in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and may play a role in the establishment and maintenance of chronic immune activation.
The fit between project characteristics and application development methodologies: A contingency approach

This study proposes and tests a contingency approach that identifies the most appropriate application development methodology for a given project based on three dimensions: project uncertainty, project complexity, and user's system experience.This study focuses on the system development life cycle methodology (SDLC), prototyping at three levels, and end-user development (EUD) as potential application development methodologies. It measures user satisfaction and system utilization to examine the effect of the match between the prescribed methodology and the methodology actually used.A field survey was conducted using a sample of 371 “matched pair” responses from system developers and users who independently assessed the contingency factors and success measures (except in the case of EUD). The two major hypotheses were supported, demonstrating that user satisfaction and system utilization were significantly higher for those who used the methodology prescribed for their situation than those who did not were.T.
Effects of combined exposures of fluoranthene and polyethylene or polyhydroxybutyrate microplastics on oxidative stress biomarkers in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)

ABSTRACT A growing interest in developing and commercialization of new eco-friendly plastic polymers is occurring attributed to the impact of marine plastics debris and microplastics that result from the degradation of oil-based polymers as these substances adversely affect ecosystem health. Recently, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) has become of interest due to its biodegradability and physicochemical properties. However, biological consequences resulting from bioplastics exposure remain to be determined. Further, few data are apparently available regarding the potential for bioplastics to act as a vector for exogenous chemicals in the environment. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of polyethylene (PE MPs) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB MPs) microplastics administered alone or in combination with fluoranthene (Flu) on detoxifying enzymes in digestive glands and gills of Mytilus edulis. Blue mussels were exposed for 96h to eight experimental groups: control, Flu-only, PE MPs-only, PHB MPs-only, PE MPs-Flu co-exposure, PHB MPs-Flu co-exposure, Flu-incubated PE MPs, and Flu-incubated PHB MPs. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidases (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) were found to be significantly susceptible to Flu and plastics in both tissues. Interestingly, a single exposure to PHB MPs led to decreased activity levels of CAT and GST in gills, SOD in digestive glands and SeGPx in both tissues. In co-exposure and incubation treatments, biochemical responses were generally comparable with those exerted by PE MPs or PHB MPs only, suggesting an apparent absence of combined effects of microplastics with the pollutant. Data demonstrated the ecotoxicological impact of bioplastics materials on digestive glands and gills of Mytilus edulis.