Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study to Detect Helicobacter Pylori in Adenotonsillar Tissue

We conducted a prospective study to investigate the possibility of Helicobacter pylori colonization on tonsillar and adenoid tissues. Our study group was made up of 84 consecutively presenting children aged 4 to 12 years who had undergone adenotonsillectomy or adenoidectomy with or without ventilation tube insertion. The excised specimens were analyzed by rapid urease testing and histopathologic examination to detect H pylori. Histologic sections were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining and Giemsa staining as performed in routine gastric biopsies. We found no H pylori colonization in any specimen. Therefore, we consider the possibility of H pylori colonization of adenotonsillar tissue unlikely, even though the authors of some recent studies have reported such a finding. Other means of detecting possible H pylori colonization in the upper aerodigestive tract rely on invasive biopsy procedures, which are difficult to use in clinical practice. Therefore, on the basis of our findings and our review of the literature, we conclude that looking for H pylori in the upper aerodigestive tract is not only clinically useless, but damaging, as well.
Proteolytic Inhibition in Regulating the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins in Prostate Cancer

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), a serine protease, is believed to regulate the actions of extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin and Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins (IGFBPs), possible factors involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Two phosphonate ester derivatives Cbz-(4-AmPhGly)p(OPh)2 (Inh I) and Cbz- (4-AmPhe)p(OPh)2 (Inh II), first mechanism-based inhibitors for PSA were synthesized using Oleksyszyn oxidation reaction, and their inhibitory activities on cleaving fibronectin (both human and bovine) and IGFBPs were investigated. To elucidate the role of PSA in the development and progression of prostate cancer, the regulation of the PSA activity on these two physiological substrates was clearly illustrated by modulating the concentrations of inhibitors, i.e. cleavages of both fibronectin and IGFBPs by PSA are inhibited by structure specific designed diphenyl phosphonate esters, consistent with the putative degradation. The inhibition data of two synthetic phosphonate ester derivatives, as lead compounds, will facilitate the development of more specific inhibitors of PSA activity, likely to modulate the physiological control of the IGF in human prostatic cell growth.
Use of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Microfiltration Membranes to Remove Microorganisms and Organic Pollutants from Primary Effluents

Primary‐effluent wastewater from the Allegheny County Sanitary Authority (Pennsylvania) was used as a surrogate for combined‐sewer‐overflow waters contained in the sewershed. Pathogens contained in combined‐primary‐effluent wastewaters or combined‐sewer overflows (CSOs) may pose a human‐health threat to those coming in contact with such receiving waters. Polymeric ultra‐ and nano‐membranes can be used to capture these microorganisms from CSOs. This research investigates the ability of polymeric hydrophobic and hydrophilic membranes, ranging in pore size from 0.2 to 0.8 μm, to remove pathogen‐indicator organisms (Escherichia coli, enterococcus, and fecal coliforms). Membranes, with pore size 0.45 μm and smaller, were able to reduce the bacteria levels to nondetectable levels, with the sole exception of one membrane with pore size 0.3 μm.
Intratumoral T cell infiltration, MHC class I and STAT1 as biomarkers of good prognosis in colorectal cancer

Objective To evaluate immunosurveillance/editing in colorectal cancer. Design Transformation stimulates the production of interferon γ (IFNγ) which signals via the IFNγ receptor (IFNGR1) on tumours. This results in stimulation of nuclear STAT1 (nSTAT1), inhibition of tumour growth and upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) while promoting T cell extravasation. In contrast, downregulation of MHC class I by allele loss results in loss of T cell recognition. A tissue microarray of 462 colorectal tumours with mean follow-up of 42 months (range 1–116) was stained by immunohistochemistry for markers which predict immunosurveillance/editing. Results The presence of a high level of intratumoral T cells (ITTC) correlated with improved survival compared with a low level of ITTC, with a mean difference in survival of 16.3 months (p=0.006). There was a direct correlation between nSTAT1 expression and ITTC (p<0.001). Patients whose tumours had a high level of ITTC and nSTAT1 survived 20 months longer than those whose tumours had a low level of ITTC and no nSTAT1. A strong correlation was seen between ITTC and MHC class I expression (p=0.0002). A mean survival advantage of 26.1 months was seen in patients whose tumours had strong MHC I expression and high levels of ITTC over those who had weak MHC I and low levels of ITTC (log-rank test=12.023, p=0.034). Both MHC I and ITTC are independent predictors of good survival. Conclusions ITTC, nSTAT1 and strong MHC class I expression on tumours identify patients with improved survival and an intact tumour immune system that may benefit from immunotherapy. Conversely, loss of these markers identifies patients whose tumours have escaped immunosurveillance and are unlikely to benefit from immunotherapy.
Investigating Patterns of Service Use by Families Providing Care for Dependent Elders

The behavioral model developed by Andersen in 1968 was used to investigate patterns of support service use by families caring for dependent elders. It was hypothesized that differences in background or predisposing factors that serve to define caregivers (e.g., spouse vs. adult-child) would interact with need factors to influence the use of "discretionary" support services (e.g., adult day care), but not influence the use of nondiscretionaryy" services (e.g., hospitalization). Information was obtained on the use of eight different support services from a sample of 503 caregiving dyads. Caregivers were either spouses or adult children of the dependent elder. The results supported the hypotheses derived from the behavioral model and indicate that, among caregiving families, it is important to consider not only the type of service, but who is assessing the need for that service.
The expression of the Cuphea palustris thioesterase CpFatB2 in Yarrowia lipolytica triggers oleic acid accumulation

The conversion of industrial by‐products into high‐value added compounds is a challenging issue. Crude glycerol, a by‐product of the biodiesel production chain, could represent an alternative carbon source for the cultivation of oleaginous yeasts. Here, we developed five minimal synthetic glycerol‐based media, with different C/N ratios, and we analyzed the production of biomass and fatty acids by Yarrowia lipolytica Po1g strain. We identified two media at the expense of which Y. lipolytica was able to accumulate ∼5 g L−1 of biomass and 0.8 g L−1 of fatty acids (0.16 g of fatty acids per g of dry weight). These optimized media contained 0.5 g L−1 of urea or ammonium sulfate and 20 g L−1 of glycerol, and were devoid of yeast extract. Moreover, Y. lipolytica was engineered by inserting the FatB2 gene, coding for the CpFatB2 thioesterase from Cuphea palustris, in order to modify the fatty acid composition towards the accumulation of medium‐chain fatty acids. Contrary to the expected, the expression of the heterologous gene increased the production of oleic acid, and concomitantly decreased the level of saturated fatty acids. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 32:26–35, 2016
Teaching Adolescents with Learning Disabilities to Generate and Use Task-Specific Strategies

The effects of an intervention designed to enhance students' roles as control agents for strategic functioning were investigated. The goal was to increase the ability of students labeled learning disabled to generate new strategies or adapt existing task-specific strategies for meeting varying demands of the regular classroom. Measures were taken in three areas: (a) metacognitive knowledge related to generating or adapting strategies, (b) ability to generate problem-solving strategies for novel problems, and (c) the effects of the intervention on students' regular classroom grades and teachers' perceptions of the students' self-reliance and work quality. A multiple baseline across subjects design was used. The intervention resulted in dramatic increases in the subjects' verbal expression of metacognitive knowledge and ability to generate task-specific strategies. Students' regular class grades increased; for those students who did not spontaneously generalize use of the strategy to problems encountered in these classes, providing instruction to target specific classes resulted in improved grades. Teacher perceptions of students' self-reliance and work quality did not change, probably because baseline measures were already high in both areas. Implications for instruction and future research are discussed.
A long‐term follow‐up study of psychosocial functioning after autologous bone marrow transplantation in childhood

Psychosocial functioning was assessed in 26 subjects treated with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) for leukaemia or lymphoma before the age of 18 years. The median time from ABMT was 7 years (range 2–10 years), and the median age of the subjects at the evaluation was 16 years (range 7–24 years). Patients, parents and teachers were used as informants. Parents of subjects in the ABMT group reported more behaviour problems than in a normative sample of school children, in particular of the internalising problem type, a finding also supported by the teachers’ report on the children's behaviour at school. The magnitude of the behaviour problems correlated positively to CNS treatment intensity. The parents rated their children's school competence as lower than did parents of a normative sample. All school children (n=18) were in regular education, although five pupils were receiving individual tutorial help. Overall, the patients reported a positive view on their own functioning, in contrast to the higher levels of psychosocial problems reported by their parents and teachers. The results thus show, that the psychosocial functioning seen in children treated because of cancer is dependent on the type of informant used. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Child Restraint Use in Canadian Provinces With and Without Legislation in 2010

Objectives: When used correctly, child safety seats reduce the risk of injury to a child passenger compared to seat belts. The objectives of this study are to (1) describe restraint use among Canadian children ages 4–8 years in 2010; (2) compare child safety seat use between provinces with new legislation (post-2006), old legislation (pre-2006), and without legislation; and (3) compare child safety seat use rates from 2006 to 2010. Methods: Roadside observational surveys of child restraint use were performed in 2006 and 2010 using a nationally representative stratified sample. Proportions of restraint use, correct use (i.e., child safety seats and booster seats) in 4- to 8-year-old children was examined between 3 groups: provinces with new legislation (i.e., child safety seat legislation that included implementation of specific legislation for booster seat use for child passengers ages 4–8 years), old legislation, and no legislation. Results: There were 4048 children observed as passengers in motor vehicles. In provinces with new legislation, 84 percent (95% confidence interval [CI], 72.2–90.8) of children were restrained compared to 94.9 percent (95% CI, 93.0–96.7) in provinces with old legislation, and 81.8 percent (95% CI, 77.3–86.3) in provinces without legislation. Correct use of child restraint was 54.1 percent (95% CI, 48.0–60.3) in provinces with new legislation, 29.5 percent (95% CI, 25.9–33.2) in provinces with old legislation, and 52.0 percent (43.0–61.0) in provinces without legislation in 2010. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that child safety seat legislation has an impact on restraint use in Canada. Despite the increase in rates of child safety seat use in provinces with new legislation and stable rates in provinces with old legislation, use rates remain low. Injury prevention strategies including further surveillance, interventions, and enforcement of restraint use in children are important to decrease motor vehicle related injury and death.
Work Time Control and Mental Health of Workers Working Long Hours: The Role of Gender and Age

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between work time control and mental health in workers working long hours. The study also attempted to show how that relationship depended on age and gender. Three hundred and six white-collar workers doing clerical work for over 8 h daily were diagnosed on work time control and mental health with the 28-item General Health Questionnaire. The results of an analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that participants working long hours but having high control over their work time had a significantly higher level of their mental health with regard to somatic complaints and anxiety and marginally higher with regard to social dysfunction than workers with low control over their work time. Male and female workers reported different problems with their mental health depending on what age (stage of life) they were at. It is hypothesized that the work-family conflict, inability to fulfil social commitments and poor working conditions can influence those effects.
Distinctions in Behavioral Impulsivity: Implications for Substance Abuse Research

ObjectivesResearchers have clearly implicated impulsivity as having a key role in substance use disorders, and comparisons of self-report measures suggest that there are measurably different components of impulsive behavior. However, comparatively little research has been devoted to understanding the multidimensional nature of this construct using laboratory measures of impulsivity that may be more sensitive to tracking changes across time. Many studies have measured impulsivity, but this construct has been measured using methodologically different types of laboratory impulsivity paradigms that are often used in isolation. As a result, it is important to determine whether some of the most frequently used types of behavioral measures of impulsivity account for unique variance. MethodsHere, we used factor analytical techniques in 2 studies to evaluate the independence of 3 of the most commonly used behavioral impulsivity paradigms. First, a factor analysis was conducted using previously collected data (n=204), and second, data were gathered specifically to replicate and extend the results of our original analysis (n=198). ResultsBoth studies revealed 3 distinct factors, confirming our hypothesis of at least 3 components of impulsive behavior that can be measured by these methodologic approaches. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that researchers should carefully consider their selection of laboratory behavioral impulsivity measures, and that the measure(s) selected should be related to the particular underlying processes relevant to substance use disorders and treatment success.
Beta-adrenergic and Muscarinic Modulation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-derived Cardio-myocytes

Background: Embryonic stem cells provide the most promising tool for cell replacement therapy including transplantation of human embryonic stem (hES) cell- derived cardiomyocytes in the infarcted area of the heart. Here we provide data for differentiation of cardiomyocytes from hES cells and firstly describe their hormonal modulation. Methods: Using Micro-Electrode Arrays as a novel electrical mapping technique of beating cardiomyocyte clusters within whole hES cell aggregates, we were able to measure the field potential generation and morphology changes during hormonal modulation. Results: We found that isoproterenol provokes, similar to the mouse ES cell system, a strong positive chronotropic effect with an EC50 of around 10-8 M. Moreover, isoproterenol stimulated with a higher EC50 value the slow field potential amplitude, FPslow, indicating a stimulation of Ca2+ channels in ventricular-like ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes which is shown to be clearly independent from frequence modulation. In contrast, carbachol (10 µM) produced a transient negative chronotropic effect but had no effect on FPslow. Conclusion: The Micro-Electrode system allows measurement of ionic channel modulation and chronotropic responsiveness in a pharmacological screening setup. Moreover, all our data indicate that cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells exhibit a physiological response to the major hormones of the vegetative nervous system and might therefore serve as an ideal candidate for the use in cell replacement strategies.
Impact of ASC‐H terminology on the detection of HSILs in medically underserved California women

In this study we evaluated CDP: EWC, a large public health screening program for low‐income women to determine whether the ASC‐H term, introduced in the 2001 revision to the Bethesda System, has facilitated the detection of the most serious precancerous cervical lesions such as CIN‐II–III/CIS, including accuracy of detection and minimizing diagnostic delays. Pap test and biopsy data from the period 2003–2006 were compared with those from 1995–1999, and included analysis of a subset of rarely and never‐screened for each study period. More ASC‐H Pap tests were followed by CIN‐II+ biopsies (20%) than ASCUS Pap tests (5%). Thirteen percent of ASC‐H showed CIN‐III/CIS on follow‐up biopsy. Following the introduction of ASC‐H, negative and LSIL Pap tests followed by CIN‐III/CIS biopsies decreased from 5.6% to 0.37% and 9.2% to 4.4%, respectively. Fewer CIN‐III/CIS cases were preceded by Pap tests with negative and ASCUS results in 2003–2005 as compared with 1995–1999. The number of days from screening to diagnosis for women aged 25–39 years with ASC‐H Pap test results (58 days) was less than for ASCUS results (78 days) for the current study period. In this high‐risk multi‐ethnic population, ASC‐H more effectively communicates equivocal findings likely to represent HSIL leading to more rapid follow‐up. The incidence of CIN‐II or CIN‐III/CIS following ASC‐H Pap tests is lower than generally appreciated for this population, including for rarely or never‐screened high‐risk women. Fewer CIN‐III/CIS lesions were detected following negative and ASCUS Pap results. Compliance with follow‐up is less than ideal for this population. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deterministic load balancing in computer networks

The paper presents theoretical analysis of the deterministic complexity of the load balancing problem (LBP). Because of difficulty of the general problem, research in the area mostly restricts itself to probabilistic or approximation algorithms, or to the average behavior of a network. The paper provides deterministic analysis of the problem for general networks. It focuses on the worst-case complexity analysis of the problem. It shows certain cases of the LBP to be NP-complete. The paper also discusses situations closely related to computer networks, where there is a global view of load distribution in the network; it provides a polynomial algorithm for solving the load balancing problem in this network. <<ETX>>
Kir4.1 expression by astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in CNS white matter: a developmental study in the rat optic nerve

Deletion studies in transgenic mice indicate that the potassium inward rectifying channel Kir4.1 is crucial for oligodendrocyte differentiation and has a special role in regulation of extracellular potassium (K+), a major function of astrocytes. However, there are conflicting reports on whether Kir4.1 is expressed by white matter astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, raising doubts over its functions. Here, we have examined Kir4.1 expression in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes of the rat optic nerve, a typical central nervous system white matter tract. Single and double immunofluorescence labelling was performed on frozen sections from optic nerves aged postnatal day (P)5, 10, 15, 20 and adult, using anti‐Kir4.1 antibodies and the glia‐specific antibodies glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, astrocytes), carbonic anhydrase II (CAII, oligodendrocyte somata and processes) and myelin basic protein (MBP, oligodendrocyte myelin sheaths). The results demonstrate Kir4.1 expression in rows of glial cells as early as P5, and this pattern persisted throughout development and into adulthood, consistent with early expression of Kir4.1 on developing oligodendrocytes. Clear co‐expression of Kir4.1 and GFAP is first evident at P10 and increases to adult levels by P15 and P20, which correlates with the development of K+ regulation between P15 and P20. Astrocyte expression of Kir4.1 is localized to perivascular end‐feet and fine processes within the fascicles of myelinated axons, consistent with a role in K+ spatial buffering between nodes of Ranvier and blood vessels. By contrast, Kir4.1 is concentrated in the cell bodies of oligodendrocytes, and there is no apparent co‐expression with MBP+ myelin sheaths, suggesting oligodendroglial Kir4.1 channels are not involved in K+ regulation. The results support roles for Kir4.1 in both oligodendrocyte differentiation and K+ regulation by astrocytes.
Ordinary varieties and the comparison between multiplier ideals and test ideals

Abstract We consider the following conjecture: if X is a smooth and irreducible n-dimensional projective variety over a field k of characteristic zero, then there is a dense set of reductions Xs to positive characteristic such that the action of the Frobenius morphism on Hn(Xs, OXs ) is bijective. There is another conjecture relating certain invariants of singularities in characteristic zero (the multiplier ideals) with invariants in positive characteristic (the test ideals). We prove that the former conjecture implies the latter one in the case of ambient nonsingular varieties.
Dual Tc-99m sestamibi and Gallium-67 SPECT localize a myocardial abscess around a bioprosthetic aortic valve.

A 44-year-old man with a history of bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement 5 years ago presented with 3 weeks of fever. Blood cultures were negative. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography did not show any evidence of infective endocarditis. Ga-67 SPECT showed intense uptake at the basal portion of the interventricular septum suggesting a periaortic valve abscess. Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart did not show any evidence of abscess. Three weeks later, the surgical findings correlated with the results of the nuclear scan. The Ga-67 scan is a powerful noninvasive tool for the diagnosis of prosthetic valve abscess.