Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Where to go? Workers' reasons to quit and intra- vs. interindustry job mobility

We show that workers' reasons for quitting their job affect their decision to stay in or leave their industry, using survey data among public sector employees in the Netherlands. Workers quitting for e.g. pay, work pressure, or job duties move relatively often to another industry, in contrast to workers quitting for commuting time or the atmosphere at work. This suggests that workers use their experience in the initial job to update their expectations on other jobs in the industry, as the first set of job aspects is more likely to be related among jobs within an industry than the latter. Furthermore, it is shown that workers' reasons to quit fully explain the differences in wage growth between intra- and interindustry job movers. Lastly, we find that workers who quit for pay or management often leave the public sector altogether. †The data used in this article are proprietary.
Impact of a Flashback Non-Implicit Attempt-Oriented Theory on East Azerbaijan 5th Area on High Schools Teachers’ Concepts of Nature of Science in Iran

This study assessed the impact of a flashback, non-implicit, attempt-oriented approach to nature of science (NOS) instruction undertaken in the context of a secondary science methods course on pre-service teachers’ views of some aspects of NOS. These aspects included the empirical, tentative, subjective (theory-laden), imaginative and creative, and social and cultural NOS. Two additional aspects were the distinction between observation and inference, and the functions of and relationship between scientific theories and laws. Participants were 25 undergraduate and 25 graduate pre-service high school teachers enrolled in two sections of the investigated course. An open-ended NOS questionnaire coupled with individual interviews was used to assess participants’ NOS views before and at the conclusion of the course. Keywords ; nature of science, concepts, flashback, non-implicit attempt-oriented approach
Pain of Paying in a Business Cycle Model

Motivated by the consumer behavior literature, this paper presents a new busi- ness cycle model in which consumers incur a pain of paying and neglect the op- portunity costs of consumption. Although consumers maximize their utility and have perfect foresight, the model does not have an Euler equation. As a result, the marginal propensity to consume of liquid consumers can be high, in line with the empirical evidence. Furthermore, several puzzles disappear: forward guidance is not overly powerful, negative supply shocks do not stimulate the economy, lower interest rates are not de ationary, and the equilibrium is unique. Finally, the model is tractable and can be easily solved in closed form.
An Improved Image Inpainting Method Based on Feature Similarity Context Encoder

With the development of deep learning techniques, image inpainting is a hot and popular field to use information around the residual images for repairing the missing area. Context encoder (CE) makes great progress in this field. However, it will cause the issue that the model tends to be overfitting when repairing the image. The existing method can’t address it very well. In this paper, we propose a feature similarity context encoder (FSCE), which integrates the feature extraction network with the encoder. FSCE uses feature loss to improve the performance of features and avoid overfitting problem. Various experiments between FSCE and CE are conducted on VOC 2007 and Paris Street View datasets. The results demonstrate that our FSCE model achieves superior performance in both the texture of output and dealing with the overfitting issue. FSCE model outperforms CE in the aspect of PSNR and SSIM.
Making 'good' choices: the impact of entitlement models on up-skilling later in life

Understanding the responsiveness of 'older' workers - those aged 25-54 years - to government subsidies for up-skilling is important in developing policies that can support people in obtaining skills later in life. The particular focus for this report is the first round of Victorian demand-driven reforms, known as the Victorian Training Guarantee (VTG). The VTG reforms were introduced to create a more responsive training market and were implemented between July 2009 and January 2011. How enrolment and course choice responses differ, especially between employed and unemployed individuals, is a key focus of the report. Reforms introduced in Victoria post-2012 are not part of this analysis.
PENGARUH KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN, LEVERAGE, SIZE DAN CAPITAL INTENSITY RATIO PADA TAX AVOIDANCE

Tax avoidance is tax planning which exploit loopholes contained in the tax laws that are legal. The population in this study are all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2012-2014. Sample selection technique used is to nonprobability sampling method is purposive sampling technique. The number of samples in the study sample was 189 during the third period. Data analysis techniques used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The analysis of this study showed an Independent Commissioner and size positive and significant impact on tax avoidance, it means that the higher the number of Independent Commissioners and the higher the size of the company or the size of tax avoidance, the level will be higher. Leverage ratio and capital intensity had no significant effect on tax avoidance, it means that the variable is not a significant influence on the practice of tax evasion.
2 Value as excellence in the consumption experience

The provision of “value” to consumers by marketers is implicit in the exchange contract. Yet, value is a term fraught with so many interpretations that it is a wonder when consumers and marketers agree that such a contract exists. In fact, the many interpretations provide the impetus for the editor’s desire to present the reader with the chapters in this volume. As an invited author, my initial reaction to having been asked to contribute a “chapter” was that this would be a well-defined task, one that would provide a reasonable set of boundaries for a narrative on the narrow topic of value-as-excellence. Unfortunately, value, even as excellence, was found to be subject to multiple interpretations in the literature. On the encouraging side, certain regularities were found to appear, nonetheless. This is so because value in its excellence form has taken on particular meanings in its many and varied uses. One purpose of this chapter is to take the reader through the many variants of value as used to imply degrees of excellence. A second purpose is to contrast and compare value with the two related concepts of quality and satisfaction. In what follows, it will be presumed that the reader has been acquainted with the Holbrook (1994) framework. It can be found in many sources including the Introduction to this book and the conference proceedings on which the book is based (Holbrook 1996). Thus, the following discussion will presume that all references to “value” in this paper refer to the self-oriented, reactive, and extrinsic cell in Holbrook’s typology. And specific types of value within this cell, as discussed here, are intended to be subtypes of this cell and hopefully not encroachments on the turf of other authors in this volume. For the reader somewhat less familiar with the fine distinctions made in the Holbrook (1994) typology, some clarification is in order concerning the present discussion on the reactive extrinsic self-oriented topic of value-as-excellence as opposed to the active version of this same combination (value-as-efficiency). In comparing the three phases of consumer behavior, namely the prepurchase period leading to choice, the act of consumption itself, and the postpurchase period, the active period is that of consumption, while the reactive periods are those of preand postconsumption. The reason for the passive nature of the first and last periods is that the consumer does not actively operate on the product or service in these segments. Rather, the activity of interest is evaluation, namely evaluation of product/
Social Democratic Party Formation and National Variation in Labor Politics

Why do different models of labor politics emerge as dominant across industrializing societies? Through the development of a comprehensive theory and an initial empirical test, this article accounts for the formation of different types of social democratic parties (quasi-revolutionary, evolutionary) and for the failure of social democracy that coin cides with the embrace of either insurrectionism (bolshevism, anarchism-syndicalism) or moderate syndicalism. The theory extends to all independent and sufficiently in dustrialized polities during labor's case-specific formative stage in the political arena throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It overcomes theoretical and empirical limitations of prior structural and overly deterministic approaches (socio economic, status system, institutionalist) by integrating socioeconomic background, political context, and elite agency into a systematic account for the interaction of labor elites with the environment that constrains and shapes their choices.1 Varying degrees of labor inclusion predict national variation in labor politics when the decision-making process of labor elites occurs along an "equilibrium path" unaf fected by exogenous influences that would push outcomes "off the equilibrium path. "2 Whenever the following premises apply, an equilibrium outcome is predicted, and a particular environment of labor inclusion will lead to the formation of some model of labor politics that represents the optimal response of labor elites to the given set of external constraints. First, the primary interest of labor elites is to channel the demands of their constituency into the political arena through an optimal model that features the most rewarding cost-benefit ratio. Second, strategic preference formation is the result of a rational evaluation of labor inclusion as the set of external constraints on elite behavior. Third, the stable and unambiguous nature of this environment provides labor elites with accurate information about these external constraints. Labor inclusion is a latent variable derived from a consideration of its six manifest components: enfranchisement, political liberties, and responsible government, as well as the behavior of the state executive, the behavior of competing parties toward the labor constituency, and the behavior of competing parties toward labor elites. Variation in labor inclusion identifies the opportunity structures that exist across polities for the efforts of labor elites to relay the interests of their constituency into the arena of politics. A choice for some model of labor politics is optimal when it features the most rewarding cost-benefit ratio for mobilizing labor and channeling its agenda into the political arena in some given context of inclusion. 167
Financial Markets Diffusion Patterns. The Case of Mexican Investment Funds

Research background: Exchange traded funds (ETFs) are one of the most influential fi-nancial innovations, reshaping the investment funds market in many countries, including Mexico. Due to their similar investment objectives, ETFs are considered substitutes for mutual funds. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to provide an in-depth insight into the issues associated with the development of financial markets in Mexico over the period 2002-2012, putting special emphasis on the development patterns of ETFs. Methods: First we use descriptive statistics to unveil basic changes and trends in the Mexican investment funds (ETFs and mutual funds). Then we use a category of the innovation diffusion models, i.e. logistic growth models, in order to explore the key development pat-terns. Data sources and methodological framework are presented in the second section of the article, with a detailed description of the innovation diffusion models applied in the research (based on 3-parametric logistic curve). The sum of assets under management of ETFs and mutual funds is considered as the size of the total investment funds market. Findings & Value added: Empirical findings indicate a significant development of the ETF market, both in terms of assets under management and market share. According to the pre-sented estimations, Mexican ETF market development can be described with the logistic growth models, and three characteristic phases of the logistic curve were clearly observable. The predicted ETF market development patterns point towards a further increase of the market share of ETFs over the next 3-5 years, yet the probability of exceeding the level of ca. 20-30% seems low.
Of Coyotes, Crossings, and Cooperation: Social Capital and Women's Migration at the Margins of the State

Purpose – Examined here are some of the tenets of social capital in the context of the migrants’ crossing the U.S.–Mexico border without official authorization. Using this context helps identify how social capital development is weakened by the structural and gendered dimensions of migration, contributing to the rise in undocumented border crosser deaths since 1993. Approach – A selection of published works provide an overview of social capital, and in particular, how the framework has been used to further our understanding of the process of migration and immigrant settlement in new destinations. The principles of social capital are then examined in light of women's border crossing experiences and used to argue that migrants from emerging migrant-sending states in southern and central Mexico have had less time to accumulate resource-enhancing migration-related social capital. The narratives of repatriated women collected during research on the border in 2006–2007 are used to illustrate how controlling environments undermine the acquisition of social capital at a critical time. Findings – The selection of narratives of women who were repatriated after attempting to cross into the United States without authorization illustrate the perilous interplay of hardening border enforcement and multiplying illicit border smuggling organizations. The outcome is the downward leveling of social capital on the border that potentially poses greater life-threatening risks for migrants. Originality/value – This study provides a theoretical understanding that can be used to explain rising levels of violence along the U.S.–Mexico border that increasingly engulf migrants fleeing poverty in Mexico.
In the Tactile Discrimination of Compliance, Perceptual Cues in Addition to Contact Area Are Required

In our ability to discriminate compliant, or ‘soft,’ objects, we rely upon information acquired from interactions at the finger pad. We have yet to resolve the most pertinent perceptual cues. However, doing so is vital for building effective, dynamic displays. By introducing psychophysical illusions through spheres of various size and elasticity, we investigate the utility of contact area cues, thought to be key in encoding compliance. For both active and passive touch, we determine finger pad-to-stimulus contact areas, using an ink-based procedure, as well as discrimination thresholds. The findings indicate that in passive touch, participants cannot discriminate certain small compliant versus large stiff spheres, which generate similar contact areas. In active touch, however, participants easily discriminate these spheres, though contact areas remain similar. Supplementary cues based on stimulus rate and/or proprioception seem vital. One cue that does differ for illusion cases is finger displacement given a volitionally applied force.
The Effects of Using an Interactive Software (GSP) on UAE Students Attitudes towards Geometry

This study investigated the effects of using the Geometer's Sketchpad (GSP) software on the UAE math teachers' and students' Attitudes towards Geometry. The sample consisted of 8 math teachers and 98 students (males and females) in grade 9 from Al-Ain Educational Zone in UAE. The researcher trained the teachers in the study on the use of GSP. After that, the teachers, in turn, trained the students on the use of the software. The participants completed an attitude questionnaire preand postuse of the software. The results of the study showed significant differences in students’ attitudes towards geometry. They showed more positive attitudes after using the GSP than before using it in geometry classes. The results also revealed that most of the 9th grade students in the experimental had positive attitudes towards geometry.
Unsupervised Learning Algorithms for Graph Data

Unsupervised Learning Algorithms For Graph Data This thesis presents new techniques for unsupervised learning from graph data. Data from many applications, including social networks, transportation systems, images, and climate variables measured over multiple latitudes and longitudes, can be represented as graphs. Graphs provide a convenient representation of relationships between variables. Unsupervised learning is a critical first step in making sense of unlabeled data. The recent surge in the deployment of sensors and data acquisition systems have led to an explosion in the amount of data available, a significant portion of which is unlabeled. Many existing approaches for unsupervised machine learning on graphs are computationally expensive and do not scale well to large amounts of data. The work presented here addresses this issue by proposing theoretically justifiable algorithms that provide a good tradeoff between computation time and accuracy. This thesis focuses on two unsupervised learning tasks: spectral clustering and nearest neighbor search using graph kernels. I present two novel sampling-based approaches to spectral clustering, that scale to a significantly larger number of input points compared to the current state of the art. I also present theoretical results showing that these sampling-based approaches yield a good approximation with respect to a popular spectral clustering objective. In the case of nearest neighbor search, graph kernels are used to propose a hierarchical scheme that allows for efficient queries when the input data has a large number of points in a high dimensional space.
Roles of career anchors and path dependency in the entrepreneurial process: case Finland

Studies of entrepreneurship education emphasise the impact of this educational process in career and entrepreneurship development. This study focuses in particular on the impact of the decision to start entrepreneurship education at the university level. Traditionally, career anchors are associated with relatively stable career development, but through an analysis of 59 life stories, this research observed that career anchors are more flexible. This study revealed four main types of previous life paths among the students beginning the entrepreneurship studies program (ESP) in Northern Finland, including their transitions between latent nascent entrepreneurship and actual entrepreneurship and between different career anchors. Entrepreneurship experiences do not always mean continuum in an entrepreneurship career.
Exchange Rates, Interest Rates and the Global Carry Trade

We empirically examine how the global carry trade affects the dynamics of spot exchange rates and interest rates across 13 countries from 2000, through the world financial crisis, until the end of 2011. Our model identifies the weekly carry trade position in each currency by matching data on forex trading flows with the predictions of a dynamic portfolio allocation problem that exploits the predictability in excess currency returns (deviations from uncovered interest parity). Using these carry positions produce two surprising results: First, in nine countries carry trades are an economically significant driver of interest rate differentials (vs. U.S. rates). Second, the carry trade only affects the dynamics of spot exchange rates insofar as it is contributes to total forex order flow; (i.e., flows generated by the carry trade and all other trading motives). These findings contradict the conventional view that sudden large movements in exchange rates are attributable to the carry trade. They suggest, instead, that the effects of the global carry trade are primarily concentrated in bond markets.
Public Infrastructure Investments, Costs, and Inter- State Spatial Spillovers in U.S. Manufacturing: 1982-1996

The size and significance of public infrastructure investment impacts on costs and productivity of private enterprise, and thus on economic health and growth, has proven nebulous to empirically substantiate. Various studies using alternative theoretical and econometric methodologies, and for different time periods, sectors, and countries, have tentatively established that such a productive impact exists and is statistically significant. It also seems smaller and more variable over time, space, and sector than was implied by initial studies on the “public capital hypothesis”. One piece of the puzzle that has received little attention, however, is the role of spatial spillovers in driving infrastructure investment benefits. Such spillovers are not only conceptually important, but could also shed light on discrepancies between studies for different data, and particularly aggregation levels. In this study we apply a cost-based model to state-level U.S. manufacturing data, for capital, production and non-production labor, and materials inputs, and for the 1982-96 time period, in an attempt to untangle the private cost-saving contributions of inter- and intra-state public infrastructure investment. We carry out two kinds of spatial adaptations – a spatial autocorrelation adjustment and a spatial spillover theoretical modification – to the estimating system consisting of a Generalized Leontief cost function and input demand equations, to address this issue. We find that intra-state public infrastructure benefits appear larger in magnitude when inter-state spillovers are directly recognized, as well as being invariably statistically significant. Inter-state spillovers are also directly beneficial to manufacturing firms, although their contribution appears smaller in size when temporal serial correlation is recognized in addition to spatial correlation.
PLS SEM, a quantitative methodology to test theoretical models from library and information science

Structural equation modeling (SEM), with the technique of partial least squares (PLS), can be used for exploratory and predictive evaluations of the causal relationships and impact among variables postulated in theoretical models. This work presents PLS-SEM’s basic notions as a useful methodology to validate the abundance of models in the library and information science field; it offers an example of its application to test a model for measuring the impact of information resources and services on Mexican universities’ academic competitiveness; and it proposes its application to test the Information Needs Model.
The campaign for control : immigration and ideology in the UK Parliament, 1961-2016

Unlike much previous scholarship, this thesis examines how parliamentary discourse plays a decisive role in shaping migration policy. For reasons not fully known, mainstream political ideology has been virtually ignored by both conventional and radical political science. The academic literature on migration politics is characteristically anti-parliamentarian and, in some cases, tends to treat establishment parties as “minor characters with undefined roles” (Triadafilopoulos and Zaslove 2006, p.176). To fill this gap in the academic literature, the thesis has undertaken a content analysis of speeches in the Commons Chamber. Using a range of case studies from 1961 to the present day, the dissertation shows how recent large-scale immigration is the result of a bipartisan ideological commitment: the attachment of the Conservative and Labour parties to ‘managed migration’, mapped on to selective Cabinet-level opposition to immigration quotas.