Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Reproductive Tract Infections Among Women in Urban Slums of India

ABSTRACTGlobally, an estimated 340 million new cases of reproductive tract infections, including sexually transmitted infections, emerge each year; 151 million of them occur in Asia. A cross- sectional survey of 909 women living in an urban slum in Pune District, India was conducted on the proportion and determinants of reproductive tract infections (RTIs). Forty-nine percent of women self-reported an RTI. Factors associated with self-reported RTIs were young age, engagement in unskilled work, lower standard of living, poor menstrual hygiene, history of abortion, and place of childbirth. Raising awareness and building capacity of health volunteers to recognize symptoms, seek treatment, and maintain hygiene are recommended.
Length of the Second Stage of Labor: What Is the Effect of an Epidural?

INTRODUCTION: We evaluated the length of the second stage of labor in women with and without epidural analgesia to estimate the effect of an epidural. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of 4,605 women without a history of cesarean delivery at a single community hospital. Length of the second stage of labor with and without an epidural was analyzed for nulliparous and multiparous women by median and 95th percentile. Data were stratified by parity. Subanalysis was performed for women with vaginal delivery. Statistical analysis was performed by Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS: Nulliparous women with epidural had second stage median length 1 hour longer than women without epidural (105 compared with 42 minutes). However, the 95th percentile for second stage length in nulliparous women with epidural compared with without was almost 2 hours longer (338 compared with 221 minutes). In multiparous women, median second stage length with epidural was 16 minutes longer than without (26 compared with 10 minutes), but the 95th percentile was 112 minutes longer (168 compared with 56 minutes). When analyzing for women who had achieved vaginal delivery, the difference in 95th percentile with and without epidural was 95 minutes for nulliparas and 101 minutes for multiparas (Table 1). All comparisons had P value <. 001. Table 1 Second Stage Length* CONCLUSIONS: Even among women who achieve vaginal delivery, the increase in length of second stage in women who received an epidural was greater than 90 minutes in both nulliparous and multiparous women. These data should inform guidelines surrounding the management of the second stage of labor.
Pathology of Tumours of the Nervous System

The distinguished authors of this illustrious book deserve better than the misprinting of Professor Russell's middle initial and the misspelling of Professor Rubinstein's last name on the cover. Inside, however, there is the same high quality of text and illustrations that students of neuropathology have come to expect from this now-classic work. The first edition, in 1959, was almost novel in its comprehensive and systematic attention to the morphological, rather than clinical, aspects of nervous system tumors. It was able to satisfy the obvious need for such a book only after a second printing a year later. Reaffirming the scholarship of the first edition was the acceptance of the 1963 second edition, which was longer by a modest 19 pages and 26 illustrations. By 1971, advances in the art, including the widespread application of electron microscopy, necessitated in the third edition a more substantial reworking, with 92 new pages and
Deep learning based approaches for imitation learning.

Imitation learning refers to an agent's ability to mimic a desired behaviour by learning from observations. The field is rapidly gaining attention due to recent advances in computational and communication capabilities as well as rising demand for intelligent applications. The goal of imitation learning is to describe the desired behaviour by providing demonstrations rather than instructions. This enables agents to learn complex behaviours with general learning methods that require minimal task specific information. However, imitation learning faces many challenges. The objective of this thesis is to advance the state of the art in imitation learning by adopting deep learning methods to address two major challenges of learning from demonstrations. Firstly, representing the demonstrations in a manner that is adequate for learning. We propose novel Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) based methods to automatically extract feature representations from raw visual demonstrations and learn to replicate the demonstrated behaviour. This alleviates the need for task specific feature extraction and provides a general learning process that is adequate for multiple problems. The second challenge is generalizing a policy over unseen situations in the training demonstrations. This is a common problem because demonstrations typically show the best way to perform a task and don't offer any information about recovering from suboptimal actions. Several methods are investigated to improve the agent's generalization ability based on its initial performance. Our contributions in this area are three fold. Firstly, we propose an active data aggregation method that queries the demonstrator in situations of low confidence. Secondly, we investigate combining learning from demonstrations and reinforcement learning. A deep reward shaping method is proposed that learns a potential reward function from demonstrations. Finally, memory architectures in deep neural networks are investigated to provide context to the agent when taking actions. Using recurrent neural networks addresses the dependency between the state-action sequences taken by the agent. The experiments are conducted in simulated environments on 2D and 3D navigation tasks that are learned from raw visual data, as well as a 2D soccer simulator. The proposed methods are compared to state of the art deep reinforcement learning methods. The results show that deep learning architectures can learn suitable representations from raw visual data and effectively map them to atomic actions. The proposed methods for addressing generalization show improvements over using supervised learning and reinforcement learning alone. The results are thoroughly analysed to identify the benefits of each approach and situations in which it is most suitable.
Accuracy of clinical methods and doppler ultrasound in detection of incompetency of sapheno-femoral junction and perforators compared with operative results

Background: Varicose veins, though a common condition, many time remains asymptomatic. The accurate diagnosis of varicose veins is of great importance in planning effective treatment. It is essential to bring out the accuracy of various diagnostic methods of varicose veins, so that early intervention can be achieved and recurrence can be prevented. The objective of this study was to our study was done with the intention of assessing the accuracy of Clinical evaluation of incompetence of Sapheno-Femoral Junction (SFJ) and perforators over doppler ultrasound evaluation and its Intra-operative confirmation, and also to assess the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and significance of both clinical as well as doppler ultrasound evaluation of varicose veins. Methods: The study was conducted in the in-patients of General Surgery Department from September 2011 to August 2013. Patients presented with dilated tortuous veins in lower limb(s) and operated were included in the study. Patients who had recurrent varicose veins and who were unfit for surgery were excluded from the study. The patients were first evaluated clinically using Brodie Trendelenburg Test I and II, Tourniquet Test, Schwartz Test, Pratt’s Test, Morrissey’s Cough Impulse Test and Fegan’s Method. Following this, patients were evaluated by Ultrasound Doppler study of Venous system of the Lower limb(s) and sites of perforator incompetence were marked. Intraoperative confirmation of incompetence was done by Turner Warwick’s Bleed back sign. The accuracy of clinical methods and doppler ultrasound evaluation compared with operative findings were assessed. Results: Accuracy of clinical methods in detecting SFJ incompetence was checked with intra-operative findings. The sensitivity was 100%, specificity 100%, PPV 100% and NPV 100%. Similar results were obtained when checking the accuracy of doppler with intra-operative findings. Accuracy of clinical methods in detecting perforator incompetence was checked with intra-operative findings. The sensitivity was 82.93%, specificity 22.22%, PPV 90.67% and NPV 12.5%. Accuracy of doppler evaluation in detecting perforator incompetence was checked with Intra-operative findings. The sensitivity was 97.56%, specificity 12.5%, PPV 91.95% and NPV 33.33%. Conclusions: Diagnosis of varicose veins is essential for planning of treatment if needed. Clinical methods predict the diagnosis of incompetent SFJ and perforators for which patient need not spend money, and are easy to perform. But doppler ultrasound evaluation has been proved to be more reliable, non-invasive and compatible in detecting venous incompetence. Hence, we conclude that doppler ultrasound evaluation is more accurate than clinical methods in detecting incompetent veins.
Some Observations on the Elimination of Yeast from the Mouth

Knighton's findings (1) that certain food stufls seem to be more effective in cleaning the teeth than others and that the generally practiced method of mouth hygiene is relatively ineffective offers strong support for the ideas of Sim Wallace (2) and Pickerill (3) who have strenuously maintained that one of the best methods of cleaning the teeth was to take advantage of the cleansing action of certain foodstuffs. Knighton's work is important not only because it yields valuable information on the cleansing capacity of various foodstuffs which can be appled directly to caries' prophylaxis, but also because it provides an experimental approach to a neglected field of study. The expansion of this approach and the use of improved experimental procedures could well produce results which would revolutionize conventional ideas on caries control. As the first step in this direction it seemed worthwhile to check Knighton's experiments and whenever posever possible to expand them.
Reading Process And Practice From Socio Psycholinguistics To Whole Language

Thank you for reading reading process and practice from socio psycholinguistics to whole language. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite readings like this reading process and practice from socio psycholinguistics to whole language, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their laptop.
The N6-Methyladenosine mRNA Methylase METTL3 Controls Cardiac Homeostasis and Hypertrophy

Background: N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is the most prevalent internal posttranscriptional modification on mammalian mRNA. The role of m6A mRNA methylation in the heart is not known. Methods: To determine the role of m6A methylation in the heart, we isolated primary cardiomyocytes and performed m6A immunoprecipitation followed by RNA sequencing. We then generated genetic tools to modulate m6A levels in cardiomyocytes by manipulating the levels of the m6A RNA methylase methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) both in culture and in vivo. We generated cardiac-restricted gain- and loss-of-function mouse models to allow assessment of the METTL3-m6A pathway in cardiac homeostasis and function. Results: We measured the level of m6A methylation on cardiomyocyte mRNA, and found a significant increase in response to hypertrophic stimulation, suggesting a potential role for m6A methylation in the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Analysis of m6A methylation showed significant enrichment in genes that regulate kinases and intracellular signaling pathways. Inhibition of METTL3 completely abrogated the ability of cardiomyocytes to undergo hypertrophy when stimulated to grow, whereas increased expression of the m6A RNA methylase METTL3 was sufficient to promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, cardiac-specific METTL3 knockout mice exhibit morphological and functional signs of heart failure with aging and stress, showing the necessity of RNA methylation for the maintenance of cardiac homeostasis. Conclusions: Our study identified METTL3-mediated methylation of mRNA on N6-adenosines as a dynamic modification that is enhanced in response to hypertrophic stimuli and is necessary for a normal hypertrophic response in cardiomyocytes. Enhanced m6A RNA methylation results in compensated cardiac hypertrophy, whereas diminished m6A drives eccentric cardiomyocyte remodeling and dysfunction, highlighting the critical importance of this novel stress-response mechanism in the heart for maintaining normal cardiac function.
Analysis of Risk Factors Associated With Asymptomatic Colonization of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Among Community College Students

Analysis of Risk Factors Associated With Asymptomatic Colonization of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Among Community College Students by Marilynn Kish-Molina M.P.H. , Walden University, 2008 M.S., Wayne State University, 1980 B.S., Wayne State University, 1977 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health Walden University August 2012 Abstract The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus has been an important human ailment for centuries, and with the overuse of antibiotics, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a deadly, costly pathogen worldwide. Healthy carriers canThe bacterium Staphylococcus aureus has been an important human ailment for centuries, and with the overuse of antibiotics, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a deadly, costly pathogen worldwide. Healthy carriers can become sick or can spread MRSA without symptoms. The amount of asymptomatic colonization among healthy college students and risk factors for colonization by MRSA are not well understood. According to the epidemiologic triangle model, the host (students who take antibiotics or have a history of skin infections), the infectious agent (MRSA) and the environment (direct contact with people, animals, or objects that may harbor MRSA) all play an important role in this disease. This study explored MRSA colonization rates among healthy students at a community college and explored the possibility that students exposed to sources of MRSA might have a higher colonization rate. Using a cross-sectional quantitative design with stratified sampling, risk factors to include student’s discipline, gender, race, work, and leisure exposure were surveyed. In tandem, Mannitol Salt Agar and MRSA Select Agar were inoculated from nasal swabs to identify students colonized by MRSA. The data were analyzed using contingency tables and Chi Squares. Significant risk factors identified included students who had a major that involved touching shared equipment and/or those who were in majors such as nursing, students who had close contact with animals, and students who had a skin infection. The implication for positive social change include improved awareness of MRSA colonization and risk factors which can lead to better prevention strategies and increased awareness among the student population. Analysis of Risk Factors Associated With Asymptomatic Colonization of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Among Community College Students by Marilynn Kish-Molina M.P.H. , Walden University, 2008 M.S., Wayne State University, 1980 B.S., Wayne State University, 1977 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health
Oral use of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy to fluconazole in the treatment of yeast vaginitis: A study of Nigerian women in an outdoor clinic

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the major urogenital infections for which women seek medical treatment or use self-prescribed antifungals. The objective of this study was to investigate whether probiotic lactobacilli can be used as an adjunctive treatment in the management of VVC in Nigerian women. Patients and methods: Fifty-nine premenopausal women attending health clinics were diagnosed with vaginal yeast infection by both clinical assessment and standard laboratory culture techniques. After informed consent, they were randomized blindly to receive a conventional single oral dose of fluconazole (150 mg) and a daily probiotic capsule containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillusreuteri RC-14 or placebo for 3 months (90 days). Results: At day 7, 47 of the 59 patients attended for follow-up. Seven of the 33 on probiotics (23%) and 2 of 14 on placebo (14%) had evidence of yeast infection by culture on day 7 (p>0.1), indicating a cure rate of approximately 80% with single dose fluconazole. However, of the 26 subjects who reported at day 90, 79% who received probiotics were free of yeast infection compared with 43% on placebo (p =0.1490). PCR confirmed this finding, as 75% in the probiotics group were negative for heat shock protein specific for Candida albicans at day 90. A PCR primer set specific for L. rhamnosus GR-1 and L. reuteri RC-14 revealed the presence of the Lactobacillus strains on day 90 in 25% of the subjects who took probiotics. All the patients in the placebo group (100%) had two or three recurrences during the 90 day follow-up, while 53% of the probiotics group had one to two recurrences (p =0.05). Conclusion: The study shows that adjunctive treatment of VVC with probiotic L. rhamnosus GR-1 and L. reuteri RC-14 did not impact the cure rate at day 7, but did lead to fewer vulvovaginitis recurrences. Problems with patients returning for follow-up appointments suggest the need for a more active education programme in Nigeria on clinical trials per se and probiotics in particular. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT00479947.
Supporting parents of Aboriginal children with asthma: Preferences and pilot interventions

Asthma is one of the most common chronic conditions affecting Aboriginal children and adolescents in Canada, with associated high rates of hospitalization and emergency room visits. Social support deficits and social isolation pose significant problems for Aboriginal families coping with asthma challenges. However, support interventions that focus on the unique support needs of parents of Aboriginal children affected by asthma have not been investigated. Consequently, our study introduced support interventions to meet parents’ perceived support needs and intervention preferences. The study was conducted in urban and rural sites in three Canadian provinces. The interdisciplinary research team encompassed Aboriginal researchers and knowledge users, and the multimethod participatory research design was guided by Aboriginal community advisory committees. Diverse support interventions, designed to address the particular preferences and needs of parents in specific communities, were offered. Seventy-seven parents participated. These parents reported expanded support resources, increased support seeking, improved coping skills, and decreased support and education needs following the interventions, which were tailored to their unique needs. These participatory interventions were considered accessible, acceptable, relevant, and useful by parents.
Combined Low- and High-Frequency Nonlinear Characterization and Modeling (Gecombineerd laag- en hoog-frequent niet-lineaire karakterisatie en modellering)

Accurate characterization and modeling of transisto rs are essential for the successful design of electronic circuits. In many m icrowave circuit applications, transistors experience high-frequency electrical si gnals with large excursions. These signals drive the devices into a nonlinear re gim of operation. With the introduction of new materials in the transistor fab rication process, additional effects, such as low-frequency dispersion, must be tak n into account for a more complete investigation of transistor characteristic s. This work has aimed in the first place at character izing transistors through nonlinear vector measurements. A time-domain based high-frequency large-signal network analyzer (LSNA) has been extended towards t he low-frequency range. When modulated excitations are applied, the low-fre quency part operates synchronously with the core RF LSNA. Otherwise it c an work like a stand-alone low-frequency LSNA. With this instrument, low-frequ ency dispersive effects under large-signal operation can be captured more accurat ely than before. Next, the calibrated large-signal voltage and curre nt waveforms acquired by the combined lowand high-frequency LSNAs have been ex ploited to generate nonlinear transistor models. Furthermore a waveform based nonlinear deembedding procedure has been developed. This techni que can be adapted for improving waveform engineering techniques aimed at the design of high-frequency power amplifiers. Both the modeling and the de-embe dding procedure are independent of the investigated transistor technolo gy and therefore can be in principle adopted for any type of active device.
OCCUPATIONAL GENOTOXIC EFFECTS AMONG A GROUP OF NURSES EXPOSED TO ANESTHETIC GASES IN OPERATING ROOMS AT ZAGAZIG UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS

from the patient’s anesthetic breathing circuit into the air of operating rooms during delivery of anesthesia. Personnel who are working in operating rooms are most likely to be exposed to waste anesthetic gases with no or bad automatic ventilation or scavenging systems. Aim of the work: The current study aimed to assess the level of biological marker of anesthetic gases and identify genotoxic effects among operating room nurses in Zagazig University Hospitals. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in Zagazig University Hospitals on 64 nurses who were divided into two groups: operating room nurses as exposed group, matched with outpatient clinic nurses as non exposed group. The data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic data, occupational, medical, family histories and complaints. Laboratory investigations done including Karyotyping of the chromosomes to assess genotoxic effects and assessment of urinary isoflurane. Results: Our study showed that there were highly statistical significant difference between both groups regarding occurrence of threatened and spontaneous abortion, repeated abortion> 2 times, congenital anomalies and symptoms during work as headache and dizziness. Also this work showed that chromosomal aberrations were present among about 59% of the exposed group, compared to 12.5% of non-exposed with highly statistically significant difference . The most common form of abnormalities were breaks of chromosomes (31.3%), fragments (18.8%) and polyploidy (6.2%). There were statistical significant difference between exposed and non-exposed in number of abnormal chromosomes and urinary isoflurane. Conclusion: Exposure to some anesthetic gases is associated with genotoxic effects among operating room personnel, leading to increased morbidity.