Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dependence of sheet properties on the location of adsorbed polymer

By choosing the point of addition of the strength aid, the papermaker can control its location in the sheet. This study explored the effect of various points of addition on dry (50% RH) and moist (92% RH) tensile and compressive strength and on wet tensile strength. A combination of polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin (PAE) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was used with a southern pine unbleached kraft pulp. Strength aids added separately to the classified pulp components (long fiber and fines) produced the highest strengths when adsorbed on the long fiber only. Attempts to achieve this effect (without classifying the pulp) by adding the strength aid before beating were unsuccessful. The much larger percentage enhancement of strength for classified compared with whole pulps was shown t o be due to a shift in the mechanism of failure. Untreated sheets have a strength that is governed by the bond strength between the fibers. With the addition of a strength aid, the bond strength is increased and the individual fiber properties (fiber axial and wall strengths) become the limiting factor. Wet-end addition of strength aids was shown to be much more effective than external additions. It is important to have the polymer within the crossover region between two fibers (i.e., the bonded area) and not just around the periphery of the bond. The combination of PAE and CMC produced greater strength than PAE alone. Both tensile and compressive strengths could be improved by the combination, but the relative effect of the two polymers on the two strengths was different.
Natural and cultural aspects of the development of the Marl landscape east of Lake Qatina during the Bronze and Iron Ages.

This joint Syrian-British multidisciplinary, multi-period archaeological survey project, studies an area of marl landscape east of Lake Qatina. Geomorphological work has shown that the marls are overlain by outcrops of cemented fluvial gravels of Pleistocene date, which fill former channels of the al-Asi river, and which are closely associated with activity of Palaeolthic date. Preliminary analysis of cores from Lake Qatina indicates that while the northern end of lake provides evidence for consistently lacustrine conditions for the last 4000 years at least, the southern end revealed evidence of regular periods of drying-out. The region has been heavily exploited for agriculture over a long period, as a result of which the archaeological record has suffered considerable attrition. Prehistoric settlement is concentrated along the al-Asi, with evidence for a significant expansion to the east during later third millennium BC. A number of small tells are located along a series of seasonal wadi courses some kilometres east of the river. These show intermittent occupation from EBA III/IV through to the Hellenistic period. The tell sites appear to go out of use during the Hellenistic period, during which there is an expansion of dispersed, off-tell settlement, a pattern which continues through the Roman and later periods. In contrast both north Mesopotamia and the southern Levant reveal a major phase of settlement dispersal during the Iron Age. Recent work on the Mari texts suggests that Tell Nebi Mend/Qadesh may be identified with the site of qa-di-sa-a. Not far from Qadesh, and close to Lake Qatina was a fortress called Dur-Ishkhi-Addu, the identification of which remains uncertain at present, although Tell Qatina is a possibility.
Adsorption of Synthetic Orange Dye Wastewater in Organoclay

Adsorption of Synthetic Orange Dye Wastewater in Organoclay Onelia A. Andreo dos Santos*, Camila Z. Castelli, Maria Fernanda Oliveira, Ambrosio F. de Almeida Neto, Meuris G. C. da Silva Chemical Engineering Department, University of Maringa. Av. Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitario, 87020-900, Maringa-Parana, Brazil School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, P.O. Box, 6066, 13083970, Campinas-Sao Paulo, Brazil onelia@deq.uem. br
Grammatical Error Correction with (almost) no Linguistic Knowledge

In this work, we reinvestigate the classiﬁer-based approach to article and preposition error correction going beyond linguistically motivated factors. We show that state-of-the-art results can be achieved without relying on a plethora of heuristic rules, complex feature engineering and advanced NLP tools. A proposed method for detecting spaces for article insertion is even more efﬁcient than methods that use a parser. We are the ﬁrst to propose and examine automatically trained word classes acquired by unsupervised learning as a sub-stitution for commonly used part-of-speech tags. Our best models signiﬁcantly outperform the top systems from CoNLL-2014 Shared Task in terms of article and preposition error correction.
Petrographic Studies of Pb-Zn Ore Deposits of Rajpura-Dariba-Bethumni Belt in District Udaipur (Rajasthan) India

The Proterozoic Aravalli-Delhi orogenic complex hosts a large number of economically important stratabound base metal sulphide deposits. In the present work, rock samples taken from Outcrop and Underground Mine of Sindeskar Kalan, Vedanta Group, Rajpura-Dariba-Bethumni Belt which are located at a distance of 76 Kms from Udaipur District (Rajasthan) have been studied. The chief litho units of the group are identified which contain sulfide-bearing calc-silicate and graphite mica schist, dolomite marble, calc-biotite schist and quartzite. Importance to the ore minerals like galena and sphalerite which have been reported in association with the buffer minerals like pyrite and pyrrhotite occurr in the host rocks of the study area. Ore petrography denotes two types of sphalerites, 1) highly deformed and dark brown colour, 2) less deformed and with light yellow colour. Galena shows high reflectance and a network of triangular pits. Pyrite shows high reflectance and anomalous anisotropism because of high brittleness.
The temporal variation in Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans) population size

Human land use causes declines of natural populations, for example, by loss of habitat area. Additionally, habitat fragmentation can cause the population size to decline more than is expected based on the area lost. Some ecological processes, such as demographic stochasticity and Allee effect, can expose already small populations to further decline. The endangered Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans) has suffered from intensive forestry in Finland. In this thesis I estimated the size and growth rate of a local flying squirrel population living in nest boxes in Alavus using 15-year mark-recapture data. I regressed the estimated population size against habitat availability to detect relationships between the variables and also possible effects of fragmentation. The adult population size decreased from 65 to 29 in 1995–2009. The growth rate was less than one during the time period, also indicating a decline. The survival probability for adults was about 0.5 and for juveniles 0.22, both being constant in time and quite equal to another study in Finland. Population size declined with decreasing habitat area and the number of box sites, but no effect of fragmentation was seen, since the relationship between population size and habitat area was linear. There was also temporal variation in population size not caused by habitat availability but other reasons, for example demographic and environmental stochasticity or predator species. Therefore, the generalizability of single year census is not very good. Additionally, predicting the current or future population size only based on habitat availability is dangerous, which should be considered in the conservation of the flying squirrel populations. The availability of cavity and foraging trees is important for the persistence of the species. Maybe the conservation of the species also requires placing nest boxes to enable living in habitats of poor quality when preferred habitats are cut down. The nest boxes could have saved the population from extinction so far, but with similar forest cutting the population could go extinct in 15 years.
Integration of Jeddah Historical BIM and 3D GIS for Documentation and Restoration of Historical Monument

This work outlines a new approach for the integration of 3D Building Information Modelling and the 3D Geographic Information System (GIS) to provide semantically rich models, and to get the benefits from both systems to help document and analyse cultural heritage sites. Our proposed framework is based on the Jeddah Historical Building Information Modelling process (JHBIM). This JHBIM consists of a Hijazi Architectural Objects Library (HAOL) that supports higher level of details (LoD) while decreasing the time of modelling. The Hijazi Architectural Objects Library has been modelled based on the Islamic historical manuscripts and Hijazi architectural pattern books. Moreover, the HAOL is implemented using BIM software called Autodesk Revit. However, it is known that this BIM environment still has some limitations with the non-standard architectural objects. Hence, we propose to integrate the developed 3D JHBIM with 3D GIS for more advanced analysis. To do so, the JHBIM database is exported and semantically enriched with non-architectural information that is necessary for restoration and preservation of historical monuments. After that, this database is integrated with the 3D Model in the 3D GIS solution. At the end of this paper, we’ll illustrate our proposed framework by applying it to a Historical Building called Nasif Historical House in Jeddah. First of all, this building is scanned by the use of a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and Close Range Photogrammetry. Then, the 3D JHBIM based on the HOAL is designed on Revit Platform. Finally, this model is integrated to a 3D GIS solution through Autodesk InfraWorks. The shown analysis presented in this research highlights the importance of such integration especially for operational decisions and sharing the historical knowledge about Jeddah Historical City. Furthermore, one of the historical buildings in Old Jeddah, Nasif Historical House, was chosen as a test case for the project.
Amino acids profile of rumen-undegradable protein of maize, rice bran, soyabean meal and rapeseed meal in steers

Maize, rice bran, soyabean meal and rapeseed meal were used to explore the effects of ruminal incubation on the amino acids profi le of rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) in steers. Except maize, the disappearances of total amino acids (TAAs) and CP in feeds changed dramatically during former 24 h (P 0.05). Arginine and histidine were more sensitive to microbial degradation, but branch-chain AAs (isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine) were more resistant. Microbial contamination should be taken into account to compare degradation rate of individual AA especially for branch-chain AAs in future research.
Identifying and Addressing Critical Issues in the Indian Construction Industry: Perspectives of Large Building Construction Clients

The Indian construction industry faces increasing challenges amidst serious performance shortfalls. Confronting similar issues in past decades, other countries such as the UK, USA, and Singapore commissioned high-powered studies and set up industry development bodies to address their own priorities. Initiatives in other countries are briefly reviewed before outlining the launch of the “Construction Industry Improvement Initiative India” (Ci3 India) that aims to address our own challenges. This paper focuses on identifying and launching a platform to address the current and imminent critical issues in the Indian Construction Industry. Nineteen critical issues were identified, verified, and validated through four focus group sessions at two Regional Roundtables with 54 high calibre large building construction clients, academicians, and other invited experts. The identified issues were consolidated to 10 Action Items. Seven Action Teams were then mobilized to work on the 10 Action Items. Having consolidated a base consensus of clients on the way forward, it was also proposed to develop a “Construction Clients’ Charter” that will set out basic principles, protocols, and targeted good practices by lead clients, who by voluntarily agreeing and implementing these together, could catalyse significant industry improvements.
Can vector summation describe the orientation system of juvenile ospreys and honey buzzards? - An analysis of ring recoveries and satellite tracking

Juvenile bird migrants are generally believed to use a clock-and-compass migratory orientation strategy. According to such a strategy migrants accomplish their migration by flying a number of successive flight steps with direction and number of steps controlled by an endogenous programme. One powerful way of testing this is by comparing predictions from a model of such a strategy with observed patterns. We used data from ringing and satellite-based radio telemetry to investigate the orientation system of juvenile ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) and honey buzzards (Pernis apivorus) migrating from Sweden to tropical west Africa. The ring recoveries showed a much larger scatter in the orientation of ospreys than of honey buzzards, but there was only a slight such difference in the satellite tracks. These tracks of individuals of both species were rather straight with a high directional concentration per step. The honey buzzard. data showed a close fit to a simple vector summation model, which is expected if birds follow a clock-and-compass strategy. However, the osprey data did not fit such a simple model, as ring recoveries showed a significantly greater deviation at short distances than predicted on the basis of long distance data. Satellite tracking also indicated less concentrated orientation on short distances. The pattern observed for the osprey can generally be explained by an extended vector summation model, including an important element of pre-migration dispersal. The existence of extensive dispersal in the osprey stands in contrast to the apparent absence of such dispersal in the honey buzzard. The explanation for this difference between the species is unclear. The model of orientation by vector summation is very sensitive to the existence of differences in mean direction between individuals. Assuming such differences, as tentatively indicated by the satellite tracking data, makes simple compass orientation by vector summation inconsistent with the distribution of ring recoveries at long distances, with a high proportion of misoriented birds falling outside the normal winter range. (Less)
ASET And RSET: Addressing Some Issues In Relation To Occupant Behaviour And Tenability

Performance-based life-safety design depends on a comparison between the time required for escape (Required Safe Escape Time – RSET) and the time to loss of tenability (Available Safe Escape Time ASET). Both include a number of stages, involving a variety of processes and requiring a range of input data. A problem for the design engineer is that while all stages need to be addressed to obtain a realistic outcome for the analysis, some aspects are reasonably well understood and quantified, while others are often oversimplified or ignored. For the RSET time line, most emphasis is usually placed upon the travel time component, representing the physical movement of occupants into and through the escape routes. However, the time required for occupants to engage in a range of behaviours before the travel phase (pre-movement time), often represents a greater component of the total escape time. Pre-movement time distributions are dependent upon key features such as occupancy type, warnings, occupant characteristics, building complexity and fire safety management strategy. It is proposed that a practical solution for the engineer is to apply pre-movement time distributions measured from monitored evacuations, fire incidents, or derived using behavioral models, and specified in terms of a number of “design behavioural scenarios” analogous to “design fire scenarios”, classified according to the key features listed. A problem with the evaluation of travel time, is that most calculation methods assume no interaction between the occupants and the fire effluent. If occupants are exposed to irritant smoke, then movement speeds are likely to be reduced. A calculation method is proposed, relating predicted travel speed to smoke and irritant concentrations. The ASET time line ends when occupant incapacitation is predicted from exposure to fire effluent. This depends upon the time-concentration curves for the main toxic fire effluents, requiring inputs on smoke and toxic product yields under different fire conditions. Existing engineering calculations use only smoke density and/or carbon monoxide, with yields often treated as constants, usually for the well-ventilated fire case. A method is proposed, whereby yield data for major toxic effluent species can be obtained over a range of fire conditions, expressed in relation to the global equivalence ratio. Results are illustrated for carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide.
Bayesian Model Averaging and Compromising in Dose-Response Studies

Dose-response models are applied to animal-based cancer risk assessments and humanbased clinical trials usually with small samples. For sparse data, we rely on a parametric model for efficiency, but posterior inference can be sensitive to an assumed model. In addition, when we utilize prior information, multiple experts may have different prior knowledge about the parameter of interest. When we make sequential decisions to allocate experimental units in an experiment, an outcome may depend on decision rules, and each decision rule has its own perspective. In this chapter, we address the three practical issues in small-sample dose-response studies: (i) model-sensitivity, (ii) disagreement in prior knowledge and (iii) conflicting perspective in decision rules.
Assessment of adult patients satisfaction and associated factors with nursing care in Black Lion Hospital, Ethiopia; institutional based cross sectional study, 2012

Patient satisfaction has been used as an indicator to measure the quality of health care provided by nurses. Moreover, patient satisfaction is one of the ultimate validators of effectiveness and quality of care. The purpose of this study was to assess adult inpatient satisfaction and associated factors of nursing care in Black Lion Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 374 adult patients admitted to Medical, Surgical and Gynecologic wards in Black Lion hospital. The data collection tool was modified from Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale (NSNS). Simple random sampling technique was used. Data were entered into EPI info version 3.5. 1 and exported to SPSS version 16.0 for cleaning and analysis. Frequencies distribution, binary and multiple logistic regression were done. OR and 95% confidence interval was computed. The average mean (SD) of satisfaction was 3.93 (0.88). Participants in Gyn/Obs wards had a better satisfaction (mean= 4.02; SD=0.76) with nursing care when compared with participants in medical and surgical ward. Among all respondents females had “Moderate and High” level of satisfaction (95%) than males (86.21%). Being female (3.78 (1.35, 10.56)), Age>50 years (0.36(0.14, 0.93), never married patients (2.74(1.07,7.03)) and admitted in Medical or Gyn/Obs and number of nights spent in the ward were found to be independent predictors of patients satisfaction. Since the overall patient satisfaction was 90.1% in this study, the hospital could be a model for other hospitals. Key words: Patients’ satisfaction, nursing care, medical, surgical and Gyn/Obs, and inpatients.
Nucleation events detected at the high altitude site of the Puy de Dôme Research Station, France

Aerosol and ion number size distributions were measured at the top of the Puy de Dome (1465 m above the sea level) for a three-month period. The goals were to investigate the vertical extent of nucleation in the atmosphere and the effect of clouds on nucleation. Nucleation and new-particle formation events were classified into four classes: (1) burst of cluster ions, (2) large ion formation starting from 10 nm, (3) burst of cluster ions followed by large ion formation with a gap of intermediate ions, and (4) burst of ions with continuous growth to the sizes > 10 nm. All together these events were observed during nearly half of the analyzed days. Concentrations of cluster ions (< 1.4 nm) varied typically between 100 and 1000 cm -3 . Intermediate ion (1.4-6 nm) concentrations were usually lower than 500 cm -3 but could exceed 3000 ions cm -3 during nucleation events. Large concentrations of intermediate ions seem to be appropriate to detect the occurrence of most of nucleation events. In clouds, the aerosol condensation sink and cluster ions concentrations were lower, presumably because of scavenging by cloud droplets, but the intermediate ion concentrations remained unchanged. We observed that large ion formation starting at 10 nm (class 2 events) and continuous growth of ions (class 4 events) occurred preferably under clear-sky conditions, and that all except class 2 events could be observed under cloudy conditions.
Income Convergence Among U.S. States: Cross‐Sectional and Time Series Evidence

We perform convergence tests on the U.S. states for per capita income from 1930 to 2009. Crosssectional tests support overall convergence and convergence but may not hold true for the last three decades. Time series tests suggest that about half of the states exhibit stochastic convergence and of these all are also converging. Probit regressions reveal that the likelihood a state is converging is a function of changing capital to labour ratios, the size of the agricultural sector, and levels of taxation and tax revenue. Regional disparities in convergence remain among the southern and midwestern states.
Critical Thinking in Applied Psychology: Toward an Edifying View of Critial Thinking in Applied Psychology

69 At a professional conference attended by one of the authors of this article, a BYU faculty member made a presentation regarding critical thinking . Afterward, one attendee expressed her surprise that someone from BYU would openly discuss critical thinking in a scholarly forum . Her prior experience in a graduate program at a state university in Utah had evidently led her to believe that faith in the doctrine and message of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) could only be taken seriously by those with little motivation to think critically about the nature of human existence and the surrounding world . This conference goer’s view of LDS church members is thought provoking and challenging . It is conceivable that many LDS church members fail to think deeply and critically about important issues in their personal, profesCritical Thinking in Applied Psychology: Toward an Edifying View of Critical Thinking in Applied Psychology