Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) Bivalve-Dominated Molluscan Fauna from the Stairway Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, Central Australia

A bivalve-dominated molluscan fauna is described from the Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) Stairway Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, central Australia. The fauna comprises 16 species of bivalves and rostroconchs plus six gastropod species which are treated under open nomenclature. Two new bivalves, Sthenodonta paenesymmetrica sp. nov. and Modiolopsis pojetai sp. nov., are described. The relatively low-diverse molluscan fauna constitutes around 62% of the total benthic macrofauna. Approximately 75% of the molluscs comprise bivalves, especially nuculoids, which were biogeographically restricted to low latitudes during the Ordovician. The molluscan assemblage displays a very high degree of endemism at species level, though the bivalve Sthenodonta eastii also occurs in the Georgina Basin farther to the northeast. This indicates a possible marine connective seaway between the Georgina and Amadeus basins during the Darriwilian. Nuculites, Cyrtodonta, and Modiolopsis are cosmopolitan and previously reported from North China, Avalonia, and Southern Gondwana.
THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF YOUNG STELLAR CLUSTERS. I. SUBCLUSTERS

The clusters of young stars in massive star-forming regions show a wide range of sizes, morphologies, and numbers of stars. Their highly subclustered structures are revealed by the MYStIX project's sample of 31,754 young stars in nearby sites of star formation (regions at distances <3.6 kpc that contain at least one O-type star.) In 17 of the regions surveyed by MYStIX, we identify subclusters of young stars using finite mixture models—collections of isothermal ellipsoids that model individual subclusters. Maximum likelihood estimation is used to estimate the model parameters, and the Akaike Information Criterion is used to determine the number of subclusters. This procedure often successfully finds famous subclusters, such as the BN/KL complex behind the Orion Nebula Cluster and the KW-object complex in M 17. A catalog of 142 subclusters is presented, with 1–20 subclusters per region. The subcluster core radius distribution for this sample is peaked at 0.17 pc with a standard deviation of 0.43 dex, and subcluster core radius is negatively correlated with gas/dust absorption of the stars—a possible age effect. Based on the morphological arrangements of subclusters, we identify four classes of spatial structure: long chains of subclusters, clumpy structures, isolated clusters with a core–halo structure, and isolated clusters well fit by a single isothermal ellipsoid.
Idiosyncratic Risk in the United States and Sweden: Is There a Role for Government Insurance?

We examine the effects of government redistribution schemes in an economy where agents are subject to uninsurable, individual specific productivity risk. In particular, we consider the trade-off between positive insurance effects and negative distortions on labor supply and saving. We parameterize the model by estimating productivity processes on Swedish and U.S. data. The estimation results show that agents in the United States are subject to more idiosyncratic risk than agents in Sweden. Although distortions are significant, the welfare benefits of government redistribution and insurance systems can be substantial. (Copyright: Elsevier)
Norwegian Innovation and Industrial Structure: Insiders and Outsiders?

We examine the hypothesis that the Norwegian innovation system is locked-in to a specialization pattern of scale dependent, resource intensive industries, in which innovation depends mainly on the in-house activities of (a few) large firms. To this extent, we employ a sectoral empirical analysis using data on industrial dynamics and innovation in the Norwegian economy. Our results indicate that although the Norwegian economy has parts that are resourceand scale dependent, and also sectors in which the market structure is inert and concentrated, these characteristics are not systematically related to the level and nature of innovation activities. Our results indicate that innovation in Norway takes place in two main regimes: a highintensive and a low-intensive regime. This is not correlated systematically with industrial dynamics.
Partial Linear Quantile Regression and Bootstrap Confidence Bands

In this paper uniform confidence bands are constructed for nonparametric quantile estimates of regression functions. The method is based on the bootstrap, where resampling is done from a suitably estimated empirical density function (edf) for residuals. It is known that the approximation error for the uniform confidence band by the asymptotic Gumbel distribution is logarithmically slow. It is proved that the bootstrap approximation provides a substantial improvement. The case of multidimensional and discrete regressor variables is dealt with using a partial linear model. Comparison to classic asymptotic uniform bands is presented through a simulation study. An economic application considers the labour market differential effect with respect to different education levels.
The Contribution of IgG Fc Glycans on Antibody-mediated Immune Suppression (AMIS) to Murine Erythrocytes

The ability of anti-D to prevent hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is an example of antibody-mediated immune suppression (AMIS). A recombinant monoclonal antibody to replace anti-D is desired, however, none of the developed therapies have been as effective and some antibodies have unexpectedly led to enhanced immune responses. The requirement for IgG glycosylation for AMIS was analyzed for five antibodies reactive with erythrocytes in a murine model. The antibodies recognized the HOD (hen egg lysozyme [HEL] linked to ovalbumin and the human Duffy transmembrane protein) antigen. It was observed that glycosylation in the Fc region of polyclonal AMIS-inducing antibodies was not essential for complete suppression. In contrast, monoclonal AMIS-inducing antibodies were partially sensitive to removal of the glycan structure. These results may help explain the superiority of polyclonal antibodies to monoclonal therapeutics for AMIS induction and could influence the development of effective therapies to replace anti-D.
Quantum Walk Founds Over Dispersion of Field RNG Output: Mind Over Matter Through Quantum Processes

Recent field RNG studies have reported that chi - square values of random number generator (RNG) outputs become highly significant when a large audience focuses on coherent events. Since the statistics are typically computed based on binomial distribution, R NG outputs are in a statistical state of over dispersion, lacking a framework for their interpretation. Notably, the Quantum Walk (QW) has the potential to detect such anomalies, since its distribution exhibits larger variances than binomial distribution. The current study focused on the distribution of QW and discusses several conditions. We assume that field consciousness unintentionally changes RNG output into chunks of Quanta that are mixed among the RNG output having its length. Using the concept of th e quantum chunk, the proportions of test findings, which include the quantum chunk, are estimated. The current model estimates that about 1% - 1.5% Qbits are mixed within a trial, based on results of previous significant field RNG experiments. Finally, sever al methodological tasks for the future are discussed.
Studies on Decolourisation of Acid Blue 113Using Staphylococcus Aureus and EscherichiaColi Isolated From Tannery Wastewater

Biodegradation of acid blue 113 has been studied using two strains-Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The effect of pH, time, initial dye concentration, the inoculum size, the co-substrate, static and shaking on decolourisation was studied. The optimum condition for decolourisation was found to be at pH 7 for an initial dye concentration of 200 mg/L at 37 C under static condition. The removal of dye by S.aureus and E.coli at optimum condition was 90% and 88% within 30 h and 42 h respectively. Addition of fructose and starch as carbon source increased the removal of colour by S.aureus and E.coli respectively. Similarly addition of ammonium formate and glycine as nitrogen source under static condition increased the colour removal by S.aureus and E. coli. The enzyme activity of azoreductase for S. aureus and E. coli was found to be 7.33 U/ml and 7.24 U/ml respectively. The COD reduction, FTIR and TLC analysis of the sample before and after decolourisation confirmed the biodegradation of dye and the formation of new metabolite. Phytotoxicity studies indicated that the microbial treated effluent is safe for disposal into the environment.
Effect of Water Stress on Growth and Physiology of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

The effects of drought on physiology of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. , Farida grown in pots were studied. Drought stress was done by irrigating the plants with 80, 60 and 40% of water needed to reach soil pot capacity. Nutrients concentrations of the studied tomatoes grown in pots under different irrigation treatments varied according to water stress levels. The effect of water stress treatments on total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids resulted in significant increase with treatment 80% water deficit, then significant decrease in accumulation of pigments in response to water stress under 40 and 60% water deficit. All water stress treatments had highly significant effect on increasing accumulation of proline content. Drought stress induced different changes in the anti-oxidative enzyme activities, whereas, Ascorpate peroxidase and Catalase increased significantly with water stress from 0.58 and 140.7 Ug FW in control to 4.08 and 414.9 Ug FW in T4, respectively. In contrary, superoxide dismutase decreased significantly with water stress from 42.36 in T1, to 31.32, 33.54 and 31.51 in T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The results indicate that irrigation treatment with 80% of pot capacity (T2) was more effective than T3 and T4 from the viewpoint of more efficient water use, which would help to minimize drought damage and keep healthy plants in the same time saving irrigation water by 20%.
The Effects of Abdominal Binder on Wound Healing and Consumed Pain Medications After Cesarean Section: A Randomized Control Trial

Background: Wound complications and pain are major causes of morbidity after cesarean section (CS). Although medications are safe for use by mothers after CS, many females prefer non-pharmaceutical methods. An abdominal binder is a complementary therapy, commonly used post-major abdominal surgery. Objectives: There is limited evidence about the effect of abdominal binders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an abdominal binder on wound healing and consumed pain medication. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 178 females, who had undergone non-emergency CS at 1 of the 3 hospitals in Gonbad-e Kavus, and Golestan, northeast of Iran. In the intervention group, patients were administered abdominal binders, in addition to routine care. The binder was used for 2 days after the patient was admitted to the surgery ward. The control group received routine care. We used the demographic data questionnaire, questionnaire for cataloguing analgesic medications taken by participants (each 6 hours after CS), and Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, Approximation of wound edges (REEDA) scale for assessment of wound healing. The participants provided their written consent for participation in this study. Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 26.3 (5) years. Mean (SD) REEDA score was 0.4 (0.5) in the intervention group and 0.5 (0.8) in the control group. The median (quartile 25-75) REEDA score was 0 (0-1) in both groups. Mean REEDA scores did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (P = 0.724). Significant differences were observed in the approximation of wound edges in the intervention group 5 days post-CS (P = 0.007). Administered analgesic medications did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (at 6 hours in suppository, and 6 and 24 hours post-intervention in intramuscular of injection narcotics). Significantly fewer analgesic medications were administered in the intervention group when compared with the control group (P = 0.001). Satisfaction did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (P= 0.443). Conclusions: In this study, the abdominal binder was effective in pain medication consumption at some intervals. However, it had no healing effect on CS scars.
A study on the ageing method and antioxidant activity of black garlic residues

Xiong F. , Dai Ch.-H. , Hou F. -R. , Zhu P.-P., He R. -H. , Ma H. -L. (2018): A study on the ageing method and antioxidant activity of black garlic residues. Czech J. Food Sci., 36: 00–00. Garlic residue (GR), a co-product of garlic oil extraction, contains most of the nutrients of raw garlic (RG). Preparation of black garlic residue (BGR) is considered to be an effective method of processing GR. The main objective of this study was to optimise the ageing conditions of GR based on moisture, polyphenol and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) levels. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of BGR was also evaluated in vitro and in vivo and compared with black garlic (BR) and RG. The results indicate that optimum ageing resulting in polyphenol and HMF contents of 25.80 mg/g and 3.84 mg/g, respectively, were achieved using a temperature of 90°C and humidity of 95% for four days. Both BGR and BR had stronger capacities to scavenge α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) than RG with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.454, 0.514 and 4.236 mg/ml, respectively. Experiments on mice demonstrated that there was no obvious difference in antioxidant activity between BGR and BR in vivo. BGR and BR consumption significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum and liver, in addition to markedly increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities.
Financial Risk Capacity

Financial crises are particularly severe and lengthy when banks fail to recapitalize after bearing large losses. We present a model that explains the slow recovery of bank capital and economic activity. Banks provide intermediation in markets with information asymmetries. Large equity losses force banks to tighten intermediation, which exacerbates adverse selection. Adverse selection lowers bank profit margins, which slows both the internal growth of equity and equity injections. This mechanism generates financial crises characterized by persistent low growth. The lack of equity injections during crises is a coordination failure that is solved when the decision to recapitalize banks is centralized. (JEL D82, E32, E44, G01, G21, G32, L25)
Searching for crystal-ice domains in amorphous ices

We employ classical molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the molecular-level structure of water during the isothermal compression of hexagonal ice (I$h$) and low-density amorphous (LDA) ice at low temperatures. In both cases, the system transforms to high-density amorphous ice (HDA) via a first-order-like phase transition. We employ a sensitive local order metric (LOM) [Martelli et. al., Phys. Rev. B, 97, 064105 (2018)], that can discriminate among different crystalline and non crystalline ice structures and is based on the positions of the oxygen atoms in the first and/or second hydration shell. Our results confirm that LDA and HDA are indeed amorphous, i.e., they lack of polydispersed ice domains. Interestingly, HDA contains a small number of domains that are reminiscent of the unit cell of ice IV, although the hydrogen-bond network (HBN) of these domains differ from the HBN of ice IV. The presence of ice IV-like domains provides some support to the hypothesis that HDA could be the result of a detour on the HBN rearrangement along the I$h$-to-ice IV pressure induced transformation. Both nonequilibrium LDA-to-HDA and I$h$-to-HDA transformations are two-steps processes where a small distortion of the HBN first occurs at low pressures and then, a sudden, extensive re-arrangement of hydrogen bonds at the corresponding transformation pressure follows. Interestingly, the I$h$-to-HDA and LDA-to-HDA transformations occur when LDA and I$h$ have similar local order, as quantified by the site-averaged LOMs. Since I$h$ has a perfect tetrahedral HBN, while LDA does not, it follows that higher pressures are needed to transform I$h$ into HDA than that for the conversion of LDA to HDA. In correspondence with both first-order-like phase transitions, the samples are composed of a large HDA cluster that percolates within the I$h$/LDA samples.
Self-reported symptoms of depression in late adolescence: A comparison of black and white females

The prevalence of depressive symptoms from adolescence through young adulthood was examined in 1,146 African-American adolescent girls and 1,075 Caucasian adolescent girls who completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression scale. Caucasian girls’ scores decreased over time, whereas scores for African-American girls were fairly consistent. Future studies are needed to examine age-specific risk factors in adolescent girls. © 2005 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization Enhanced Early Growth of Mallotus paniculatus and Albizia saman under Nursery Conditions in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Forest over logging, forest fire, forest conversion, and opencast mining have promoted deforestation in Indonesia, and reforestation is needed immediately. However, reforestation is limited by low seedling quality and production, and slow seedling growth in nurseries. Native tropical tree and fast-growing species, Mallotus paniculatus and Albizia saman, are potential to promote the first rotation of reforestation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are known to promote nutrient uptake and plant growth. We examined the effects of two native AM fungi, Gigaspora decipiens and Glomus clarum, on the growth of M. paniculatus and A. saman seedlings under nursery conditions. At harvest, after six months, we determined AM colonization, shoot dry weight, and shoot N and P concentration. Approximately 90% and 50% of M. paniculatus and A. saman roots, respectively, were colonized by AM fungi, without any difference between the inoculation treatments. G. decipiens and G. clarum increased shoot height, leaf number, shoot dry weight, and shoot N and P uptake of both species. A positive correlation was observed between N and P uptake and shoot dry weight. These results suggest that AM fungi are effective in accelerating nutrient uptake and plant growth, which will, in turn, promote reforestation and sustainable forest timber production.
Motivation, Gender, and Learner Performance of English as an L3 in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

Gender is considered as one of the important variables that effects learner motivation in second or foreign language acquisition. It is also believed that learner motivation has an impact on learner performance as well. Using the expectancy-value theory model of achievement motivation, this study aimed at exploring (1) the impact of gender differences on motivation and (2) motivational variables that predict learner performance in the context of English as an L3. The participants in this study were ethnic minority students (mainly Uygur) of a university in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Results of both quantitative and qualitative analyses showed that female students held greater attainment and intrinsic values than male students; the study results also revealed that expectancy and cost are motivational variables that better predict the minority students’ EFL performance in the context of English as an L3. These findings support the notion that females are more interested in the target culture and interaction with its speakers than males in EFL learning. On the basis of these results, the author discusses possible factors that influence ethnic minority learners’ motivation in learning English as an L3 and provides suggestions on how to motivate male students and help them to improve performance in the process of English teaching in the context of bilingual education in Xinjiang.
Effect of wind and wave-driven mixing on subsurface plastic marine debris concentration

Buoyant micro-plastic marine debris (MPMD) is a known widespread ocean pollutant. Every year, surface tows are conducted to collect MPMD and to estimate MPMD concentrations. However, it has been observed that such surface concentrations are lower when wind speeds are elevated, suggesting that wind and wave-driven mixing is submerging MPMD to greater depth. Motivated by MPMD observations, this study applies a turbulence resolving large eddy simulation (LES) and a parametric one-dimensional column turbulence model to examine the vertical distributions of MPMD. The parametric model, which is tuned to accurately capture LES results, is computationally e cient, so that it can be applied to long time series of MPMD observations. Both models capture wind-driven turbulence, Langmuir turbulence (LT), and enhanced turbulent kinetic energy input due to breaking waves (BW). Therefore, these models depend explicitly on wind and wave properties, which are estimated from archived wave simulation data for the analysis period. Model results are only consistent with the observed MPMD concentration profiles if LT e↵ects are included; neither BW nor shear-driven turbulence is capable of deeply submerging MPMD, suggesting that observed MPMD concentration profiles are a characteristic signature of wave-driven Langmuir turbulence. The parametric model is applied to several years of observations in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans to show that total MPMD concentrations are significantly underestimated by surface measurements. xi Chapter
Forgeability and Machinability of Stir Cast Aluminum Alloy Metal Matrix Composites

In the present paper, the aluminum alloy i.e. LM6 based composites reinforced with different weight fraction of SiC particles was produced by stir cast technique and the effect of reinforced ratios on the forgeability and the machinability was examined. The test results show that the increment in weight fraction of reinforcement particles in the matrix metal produced better mechanical property like hardness but the forgeability of the cast MMCs decreases. The forgeability of the as cast MMCs were also varied with the change in thickness of the casting. The results show that the forgeability of cast metal matrix composites at the mid section of the casting is minimum compared to both end section of a three-step casting. The effect of machining parameters, e.g. cutting speed and depth of cut on the surface roughness and cutting forces at constant feed rate was investigated during experimentation. The results show that higher weight percentage of SiCp reinforcement produced a higher surface roughness and needs higher cutting forces during machining operation. It has also observed that the depth of cut and the cutting speed at constant feed rate affected the surface roughness and the cutting forces. This practical research analysis and test results on the forgeability and machinability of Al/SiC-MMC will provide useful guidelines to the present day manufacturing engineers.