Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diallel analysis in white lupin: consequences for breeding

Summary — A complete diallel analysis for several characters was conducted in spring type white lupins (Lupinus albus L). Each of the 7 parents represented a group of the genetic variability available in the Mediterranean area. An analysis of the genetic parameters for the different characters should be of help in the definition of optimum lupin breeding criteria. Both vegetative and reproductive characters were studied. Diallel analysis was carried out via 2 methods, ie those of Griffing and Hayman. As for most of the autogamous species, vegetative characters and seed size showed a mainly additive heredity with a limited amount of specific combining ability (SCA). Both broad and narrow sense heritabilities proved to be high. The correlations between general combining ability (GCA) and phenotypic values were high, which suggested that judgement of the phenotype could give a good estimate of behaviour in the cross. For pod setting characters, both heritabilities were lower likely because of a higher susceptibility to the environment and to larger dominance. A heterotic effect was observed for yield; this could be explained by the low cropping densities and the homeostatis ability of the hybrids. This kind of genetic structure appears to be a means of improving yield stability. Unfortunately, it is not possible at the present time because no male sterility is available. For pure line breeding, the general combining ability (GCA) values showed that Lublanc and LA123 appeared to be first-choice parents for improvement of earliness in flowering with a good pod setting, while Lucky was an interesting candidate for pod setting and seed size characters. Lupinus albus L = white lupin / diallel / genetic analysis / plant breeding / yield component / earliness / morphology
Development, Reliability, and Validity of a Multistage Dance Specific Aerobic Fitness Test (DAFT)

The aim of this study was to design a multistage dance-specific aerobic field-test that would indicate whether a dancer had the cardiorespiratory capabilities to cope with the demands of dance class and performance. The test consisted of five progressively demanding dance sequences. The technical level of each stage was kept as simple as possible to reduce the effect of economy of movement so that the emphasis of the test was physiologically based rather than skill orientated. The reliability of the stage workloads was measured via oxygen uptake and heart rate using a tele-metric gas analyzer. After an initial familiarization trial, subjects (n = 56: 24 males and 32 females) undertook the test twice within 48 hours. The results showed significant differences in oxygen requirement and heart rates between stages (F [4, 172] = 803.522; p < 0.001) and gender (p < 0.01). The HR-VO2 relationship for the test was r = 0.94; n = 3336; p < 0.001 and the SEE was ± 4.506. Reliability of the DAFT was calculated by determining the coefficient of variation (CV) expressed as a percentage and the percentage change in the mean between trials (% mean). CV ranged between 1.4 and 6.0 and % Amean between 0.2 and 6.3 for the stages. The use of dance specific moves and specific levels of the test equating to the mean oxygen demands of class and performance confirmed that logical validity had been achieved. Possible applications to the dance world are the monitoring of heart rate at each of the stages during the year; setting of a target stage attainment for an individuals readiness to undertake class or performance after injury and/or, setting specific aerobic capabilities for dancers post-holiday or for guest artists (below a specific mean heart rate during a designated stage).
Evaluation of space closure rate during canine retraction with nickel titanium closed coil spring and elastomeric chain.

Aims: . To investigate the rates of space closure achieved by elastomeric chain and nickel titanium coil springs with the evaluation of the effects of using different bracket types on the rate of space closure during its retraction along different sizes of orthodontic arch wires using typodont simulation system (Ormco). Materials and Methods: The standardization criteria were all typodont teeth situated in well aligned position, covered and immobilized by the acrylic bite except canine, elastic chain and nickel – titanium closed coil spring exerting 180 gm of force on canine measured carefully by tension gauge. The available space was 13.5mm (the rate of space closure). Results: The present study showed that when using elastic chain as a method of canine retraction gave rise to a a significant decrease in the rate of space closure as compared with nickel – titanium closed coil spring also sliding the canine using ceramic brackets gave rise significant reduction in the rate of space closure than when using stainless steel brackets. Another finding of the present study showed that sliding the canine on large rectangular arch wire (0.019x0.025 inch) gave rise to a significant reduction in the rate of space closure when compared with 0.018 inch and 0.018x0. 022 inch arch wires were used. Conclusions: It was concluded that the canine retraction with 0.018 inch wire on Roth stainless steel bracket by closed coil spring gave rise a large amount of space closure rate. While the opposite is true for canine retraction with 0.019x0. 025 inch wire on standard ceramic bracket by elastic chain retraction method.
Evaluation of Fecal Testosterone, Rank and Copulatory Behavior in Wild Male Macaca thibetana at Huangshan, China

Although male testosterone levels are thought to be linked with the mating system, ecological and social factors complicate the big picture of the function of testosterone in wild nonhuman primates. We examined testosterone correlates with rank and copulatory behavior in male Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Mt. Huangshan, China. A total of 426 fecal samples and approximately 453h of behavioral data were collected on five adult males from October 2005 to September 2006. Copulatory behaviors were significantly different between high and low ranking males in the mating season, but not during the non-mating season. No significant correlation between testosterone levels and a male's David's score indicated that testosterone was independent of social rank. Also, copulatory behaviors were positively correlated with fecal testosterone levels in both seasons, regardless of social rank. The present study represents a preliminary assessment of the relationship between testosterone level, rank, and copulatory behavior in a wild environment. The results enrich the picture of testosterone, rank, and copulatory relationships in non-human primates, and may also provide insight into what mechanisms link physiological factors to male reproductive success in natural circumstances.
Fungal and Micotoxin contamination in mixed feeds: Evaluating risk in cattle intensive rearing operations (feedlots)

Argentina is the fourth global beef producer. Exposure to mycotoxins through contaminated feed is a major hazard for ruminants. In the present study we assess mycobiota, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone(ZEA) levels in total mixed rations (TMRs) during two consecutive years. Total fungal counts were evaluated and fungal species were identified. Also, ability of A.flavus isolates to produce AFB1 in vitro wastested. Natural contamination with AFB1 and FB1 was quantified by HPLC. Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were analysed by immunochromatography and thin-layer chromatography (TLC), respectively. Fungal counts varied from not detectable (ND) to 2.10 x 108 CFU g-1.The prevalent genera were Aspergillus spp (60 %) and Fusarium spp (66.7 %), respectively. The prevalent species was Aspergillusfumigatus. 50 % of A. flavus strains produced 75 to 112.5 μg g-1 AFB1. 46 % of 2007 sampleswere contaminated with 4 to 10 μg kg-1AFB1. Deoxynivalenol was detected in 33.3 % of the samples (≥ 1. 25 μg g-1). Fumonisin B1 and ZEA were not detected. This study can be usefulto estimate the mycotoxicological risk of cattle TMRs in this region and to compare results with studies from other beef-producing countries.
The impact of genotype misclassification errors on the power to detect a genetic association and gene-environment interaction with Cox proportional hazards modeling

of the Dissertation The impact of genotype misclassification errors on the power to detect a genetic association and gene-environment interaction with Cox proportional hazards modeling by Lin Tung Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Mathematics and Statistics (Statistics) Stony Brook University 2007 Genetic model parameters determine the power and sample size required to detect a genetic association and gene-environment interaction with Cox proportional hazards modeling in cohort genetic studies. Detecting a genetic indirect association is largely dependent on the difference in the allele frequencies between the underlying functional variant and the marker locus. Similar to case-control genetic association studies, the increase in sample size to detect a genetic indirect association is approximately 1/r, where the linkage disequilibrium parameter r is the square of the correlation between alleles in coupling at the disease and marker locus. Detecting a gene-environment interaction for dominant and recessive modes of inheritance for a direct association study is feasible for common disease allele frequencies (pd > 0.10) and moderate effect sizes. The impact of each genotyping misclassification error upon the increase in sample size required to maintain constant Type I and II error rates can be calculated mathematically through a first-order linear Taylor series expansion. We find that, consistent with previous genotyping errors research in case-control genetic association studies, any misclassification of the more common homozygote is the most deleterious in terms of increase in sample size (or equivalently loss of power) to detect a genetic indirect association. The total required sample size to detect a genetic indirect association in the presence of genotyping errors may be partitioned into the sample size required for a direct association study, the increase in sample size due to an indirect association study, and the increase in sample size due to genotyping errors. For high r (typically r > 0.95) and approximately equal allele frequencies, the increase in sample size due to genotyping error rates as low as 2% is larger than the increase in sample size due to an indirect association study. In the detection of a gene-environment interaction, any misclassification of a subject without the at-risk genotype as having the at-risk genotype is the most deleterious. Such errors require an indefinitely large increase in required sample size as the SNP minor allele frequency approaches 0.
Teacher Language Awareness and the Professional Knowledge Base of the L2 Teacher

This paper provides an introduction to teacher language awareness (TLA) and a personal reconceptualisation of the relationship between TLA and other dimensions of teacher knowledge, revisiting issues discussed in Andrews (2001). In the first part of the paper, knowledge of subject matter is identified as the core of TLA. Given the increased recognition in education that subject-matter knowledge is a key element of teacher professionalism, it is argued that TLA should be seen as equally important for the teacher of language subjects. The middle part of the paper outlines a personal view of the nature and scope of TLA, focusing particularly on the link between knowledge about language (subject-matter knowledge) and knowledge of language (language proficiency), on the metacognitive nature of TLA, and on TLA as encompassing an awareness of language from the learner perspective. The latter part of the paper explores the link between TLA and the professional knowledge of the L2 teacher, drawing on two recent models of teacher knowledge (Tsui, 2003; Turner-Bisset, 2001), and examines the impact of TLA on pedagogical practice. Finally, the paper argues that TLA research and discussion could enhance our understanding of 'what makes our teaching language teaching' (Freeman & Johnson, 1998: 413).
Who Becomes a Tenured Professor, and Why? Panel Data Evidence from German Sociology, 1980-2013

Prior studies that try to explain who gets tenure and why remain inconclusive, especially on whether non-meritocratic factors influence who becomes a professor. Based on career and publication data of virtually all sociologists working in German sociology departments, we test how meritocratic factors (academic productivity) as well as non-meritocratic factors (ascription, symbolic and social capital) influence the chances of getting a permanent professorship in sociology. Our findings show that getting tenure in sociology is strongly related to scholarly output, as previous studies have shown. Improving on existing studies, however, we show specifically that each refereed journal article and each monograph increases a sociologist's chance for tenure by 10 to 15 percent, while other publications affect odds for tenure only marginally and in some cases even negatively. Regarding non-meritocratic factors, we show that network size, individual reputation, and gender matters. Women get their first permanent position as university professor with on average 23 to 44 percent fewer publications than men; all else being equal, they are about 1.4 times more likely to get tenure than men. The article generally contributes to a better understanding of the role of meritocratic and non-meritocratic factors in achieving scarce and highly competitive job positions in academia.
Marginal Likelihood Calculation for Gelfand-Dey and Chib Method

One advantage of Bayesian estimation is its solid theoretical ground on model comparison, which relies heavily upon the accurate calculation of marginal likelihood. The Gelfand-Dey (1994) and Chib (1995) methods are two popular means of calculating marginal likelihood. A trade-off exists between these two methods. The Gelfand-Dey method is simpler and faster to conduct, while Chib method is more accurate, yet intricate. In this paper, we compare the two methods by their ability to identify structural breaks in a reduced form volatility model. Using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, we demonstrate that the performance of the two methods is fairly close. Since the Chib method is normally more di±cult to implement in many econometric problems, it is safe to choose Gelfand-Dey method when calculating marginal likelihood.
Meteorological Uncertainty of atmospheric Dispersion model results (MUD): Final Report of the NKS-B MUD activity

The MUD project addresses assessment of uncertainties of atmospheric dispersion model predictions, as well as optimum presentation to decision makers. Previously, it has not been possible to estimate such uncertainties quantitatively, but merely to calculate the 'most likely' dispersion scenario. However, recent developments in numerical weather prediction (NWP) include probabilistic forecasting techniques, which can be utilised also for atmospheric dispersion models. The ensemble statistical methods developed and applied to NWP models aim at describing the inherent uncertainties of the meteorological model results. These uncertainties stem from e.g. limits in meteorological observations used to initialise meteorological forecast series. By perturbing the initial state of an NWP model run in agreement with the available observational data, an ensemble of meteorological forecasts is produced. In MUD, corresponding ensembles of atmospheric dispersion are computed from which uncertainties of predicted radionuclide concentration and deposition patterns are derived. Abstract max. 2000 characters The MUD project addresses assessment of uncertainties of atmospheric dispersion model predictions, as well as optimum presentation to decision makers. Previously, it has not been possible to estimate such uncertainties quantitatively, but merely to calculate the 'most likely' dispersion scenario. However, recent developments in numerical weather prediction (NWP) include probabilistic forecasting techniques, which can be utilised also for atmospheric dispersion models. The ensemble statistical methods developed and applied to NWP models aim at describing the inherent uncertainties of the meteorological model results. These uncertainties stem from e.g. limits in meteorological observations used to initialise meteorological forecast series. By perturbing the initial state of an NWP model run in agreement with the available observational data, an ensemble of meteorological forecasts is produced. In MUD, corresponding ensembles of atmospheric dispersion are computed from which uncertainties of predicted radionuclide concentration and deposition patterns are derived.
Highly transmissive luminescent down-shifting layers filled with phosphor particles for photovoltaics

We study the optical properties of polymer layers filled with phosphor particles in two aspects. First, we used two different polymer binders with refractive indices n = 1.46 and n = 1.61 (λ = 600 nm) to study the influence of Δn with the phosphor particles (n = 1.81). Second, we prepared two particle size distributions D50 = 12 µm and D50 = 19 µm. The particles were dispersed in both polymer binders in several volume concentrations and coated with thicknesses of 150-600 µm onto glass substrates. Experimental results and numerical simulations show that the layers of the higher refractive index binder with larger particles result in the highest optical transmittance in the visible light spectrum. Finally, we used numerical simulations to determine optimal layer composition for application in realistic photovoltaic devices.
Acceptance as a Coping Reaction: Adaptive or not?

Acceptance as a coping reaction to unchangeable negative events has been discussed controversially. While some studies suggest it is adaptive, others report negative effects on mental health. We propose a distinction between two forms of acceptance reactions: active acceptance, which is associated with positive psychological outcomes, and resigning acceptance, which is associated with negative psychological outcomes. In this study, 534 individuals were surveyed with respect to several hypothetical situations. We tested the proposed acceptance model by confirmatory factor analysis, and examined the convergent and discriminant validity using personality and coping measures (Trier Personality Questionnaire, Bernese Bitterness Questionnaire, COPE). The results support the distinction between the two forms of acceptance reactions, and, in particular, that active acceptance is an adaptive reaction to unchangeable situations.
Dispersion, damping, and intensity of spin excitations in the monolayer 
(Bi,Pb)2(Sr,La)2CuO6+δ
 cuprate superconductor family

Using Cu-${L}_{3}$ edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) we measured the dispersion and damping of spin excitations (magnons and paramagnons) in the high-${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ superconductor ${(\text{Bi,Pb})}_{2}{(\text{Sr,La})}_{2}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{6+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (Bi2201), for a large doping range across the phase diagram $(0.03\ensuremath{\lesssim}p\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.21)$. Selected measurements with full polarization analysis unambiguously demonstrate the spin-flip character of these excitations, even in the overdoped sample. We find that the undamped frequencies increase slightly with doping for all accessible momenta, while the damping grows rapidly, faster in the $(0,0)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(0.5,0.5)$ nodal direction than in the $(0,0)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(0.5,0)$ antinodal direction. We compare the experimental results to numerically exact determinant quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) calculations that provide the spin dynamical structure factor $S(\mathbf{Q},\ensuremath{\omega})$ of the three-band Hubbard model. The theory reproduces well the momentum and doping dependence of the dispersions and spectral weights of magnetic excitations. These results provide compelling evidence that paramagnons, although increasingly damped, persist across the superconducting dome of the cuprate phase diagram; this implies that long-range antiferromagnetic correlations are quickly washed away, while short-range magnetic interactions are little affected by doping.
Epidemics, production and savings. Why saving is important?

In this work we combing models of disease dynamics and economic production, and we show the potential implications of this for demonstrating the importance of savings for buffering an economy during the period of an epidemic. Finding an explicit function that relates poverty and the production of a community is an almost impossible task because of the number of variables and parameters that should be taken into account. However, studying the dynamics of an endemic disease in a region that affects its population, and therefore its ability to work, is an honest approach to understanding this function. We propose a model, perhaps the simplest, that couples two dynamics, the dynamics of an endemic disease and the dynamics of a closed economy of products and goods that the community produces in the epidemic period. Some of the results of this study are expected and known in the literature but some others are not. We highlight three of them: the interdependence that exists between health and the product of that economy. The majority of the known results only show the dependence in a single direction. Another of the most important goals in this work is to show the existence of a poverty Malthusian trap in economies with low levels of capital investment due to pandemic disease. And another is to show that there is an optimal level of savings that maximizes the \emph{per capita} product of the economy, which is Machiavellian, but has important implications for market efficiency. The model tells us why saving is important in an aggregate economy despite being affected by an epidemic.