Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
US Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Mishaps: Assessment of the Role of Human Factors Using Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS)

Abstract : Background: This study was a 10-year cross sectional analysis of human factors in U.S. military UAV mishaps. Methods: Class A-C UAV mishap reports were reviewed and human factors coded using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Binary logistic regression was used to create models predicting unsafe operator acts. Results: 133/221(60.2%) UAV mishaps were human related. Predictors of unsafe acts were technological environment and cognitive factors in the Air Force (P < 0.010), organizational processes, psycho-behavioral factors, and crew resource management in the Army (P < 0.001), and work and attention and risk management in the Navy (P < 0.025). The frequency of specific types of unsafe acts differed between the services with skill-based errors more common in the Air Force (P = 0.001) and violations in the Army (P = 0.016). Conclusion: Recurring latent failures at the organizational, supervisory, and preconditions levels contributed to more than half of UAV mishaps. The patterns of latent failures and unsafe acts differed between the services.
Dynamic measurements of hexafluoromisonidazole (CCI-103F) retention in mouse tumours by 1H/19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Selective retention of hexafluoromisonidazole, CCI-103F, in RIF-1 and SCCVII tumours of C3H/Km mice has been measured by 1H/19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) on a Bruker AM-400 multinuclear spectrometer. CCI-103F concentrations in tumours and in normal tissues were measured using an MRS technique in which the water component in the tissues serves as an internal concentration reference. The biodistribution and elimination half-life of the drug in the tissues after i.p. injections were determined. The plasma half-life of the drug (41 min) was measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The two tumour lines and liver have longer retention times with half-lives of 47, 129 and 81 min, respectively, while normal tissues, muscle and brain have little retention of CCI-103F and clear the drug very quickly. Dynamic measurements of CCI-103F retention in tumours by MRS may provide a non-invasive probe for assessing tumour hypoxia.
A New Dynamical Subgrid Model for the Planetary Surface Layer. Part II: Analytical Computation of Fluxes, Mean Profiles, and Variances

A new dynamical subgrid model for turbulent flow is used to derive the structure of the heat and momentum fluxes, mean wind and temperature profiles, and temperature and velocity variances, as a function of the Richardson number, in the surface layer of the planetary boundary layer. Analytical solutions are obtained for stationary, homogeneous surface layers and are compared with field observations. The theory allows for analytic nonperturbative solutions in any turbulent surface layer and can be generalized in a straightforward fashion to include other effects, for example, rotation, and thus could potentially be used to estimate momentum and temperature fluxes in the planetary boundary layer for larger-scale (e.g., climate) models.
Toward the development of a three-dimensional unconditionally stable finite-difference time-domain method

In this paper, an unconditionally stable three-dimensional (3-D) finite-difference time-method (FDTD) is presented where the time step used is no longer restricted by stability but by accuracy. The principle of the alternating direction implicit (ADI) technique that has been used in formulating an unconditionally stable two-dimensional FDTD is applied. Unlike the conventional ADI algorithms, however, the alternation is performed in respect to mixed coordinates rather than to each respective coordinate direction, Consequently, only two alternations in solution marching are required in the 3-D formulations. Theoretical proof of the unconditional stability is shown and numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the method. It is found that the number of iterations with the proposed FDTD can be at least four times less than that with the conventional FDTD at the same level of accuracy.
The Relation Between Visual Hallucinations and Visual Evoked Potential in Parkinson Disease

Objective:The pathophysiology of hallucinations in Parkinson disease is poorly understood. This study investigated the relation between visual hallucination and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in Parkinson disease. Methods:Nineteen patients with Parkinson disease were studied. The authors divided patients into 2 groups: patients with visual hallucinations (VH group) and those without visual hallucinations (no-VH group). VEPs using a checkerboard stimulus were recorded under a drug-free state. Results:On multivariate regression analysis, only the average P100 latency was selected and remained significant after the backward elimination method. Conclusion:The authors demonstrated a close association between visual hallucinations and elongated VEP latency in Parkinson disease. VEPs may become one of the predictors for visual hallucination.
Volume and Price Patterns Around a Stock's 52-Week Highs and Lows: Theory and Evidence

We provide large sample evidence that past price extremes influence investors' trading decisions. Volume is strikingly higher, in both economic and statistical terms, when the stock price crosses either the upper or lower limit of its past trading range. This increase in volume is more pronounced the longer the time since the stock price last achieved the price extreme, the smaller the firm, the higher the individual investor interest in the stock, and the greater the ambiguity regarding valuation. These results are robust across model specifications and controls for past returns and news arrival. Volume spikes when price crosses either the upper or lower limit of the past trading range, then gradually subsides. After either event, returns are reliably positive and, among small investors, trades classified as buyer-initiated are elevated. Overall, results are more consistent with bounded rationality - specifically, the attention hypothesis posited by Barber and Odean (2008) - than with other candidate explanations.
Central somatostatin receptor 1 activation reverses acute stress‐related alterations of gastric and colonic motor function in mice

Background Corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) signaling induced by stress is well established to delay gastric emptying (GE) and stimulate colonic functions. The somatostatin receptor (sst1–5) agonist, ODT8‐SST acts in the brain to inhibit stress‐induced adrenocorticotropic hormone and epinephrine secretion. We investigated whether ODT8‐SST acts in the brain to influence stress‐related alterations of gastric and colonic motor function and sst receptor subtype(s) involved.
Osteolysis and lymphatic anomalies: a review of 54 consecutive cases.

BACKGROUND Progressive osteolysis caused by lympathic malformations is a rare condition that should be known by specialists involved in the study of lymphatic disorders because they are necessarily involved in the treatment. The purpose of the present study is to report on a large series of patients to illustrate the multiple clinical pictures and the wide range of therapeutic measures necessary for arresting bone destruction and lymphatic leak. METHODS AND RESULTS Inclusion criteria were osteolysis associated with lymphatic malformation that required treatment. Diagnosis was based on history, plain X-rays, MRI, and demonstration of the lymphatic nature of the lesions with D2-40 immunohistochemistry. Treatment was based on resection of the bone lytic lesion or soft tissue lymphatic masses, control of chylothorax or chyloperitoneum, interferon, zoledronic acid, and radiotherapy. The study included 54 patients (25 females and 29 males) with a median age of 9 years (range 2 to 65). Eight patients had focal osteolysis without soft tissue lymphatic anomaly, 15 multifocal osteolysis without soft tissue lymphatic anomaly, 7 focal osteolysis associated with soft tissue lymphatic anomaly, and 24 multifocal osteolysis with soft tissue lymphatic anomaly. Among the wide variety of pharmacological therapies provided, only one protocol showed a consistent positive effect (end of ostelytic progression) in 17 patients who received a course of 6 to 15 months of interferon alpha-2B at 1.5 million units/m(2) body surface area/day in association with zoledronic acid at 0.05 mg/kg/month. Thirty-two patients underwent multiple surgical procedures in order to remove the soft tissue involved, correct orthopedic problems, or improve chylothorax, and three were treated with radiotherapy which was successful in one case. CONCLUSIONS Osteolysis from lymphatic origin is a devastating surgical condition. Therapeutic options have to be considered separately if the disease is active or inactive and according to the targeted organ (skin, bone, or viscera). Total removal of the lymphatic anomaly is rarely possible, but its subtotal excision together with pharmacological antiangiogenic therapy in selected patients under surveillance of a multidisciplinary group familiarized with the disease, minimize the progression of both, lymphatic invasion, osteolysis, and their serious complications.
Rough-fuzzy segmentation of HEp-2 cell indirect immunofluorescence images

Human epithelial type-2 (HEp-2) cell is currently the most recommended substrate in indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) tests to diagnose various connective tissue disorders. The IIF test identifies the presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA) in patient serum. However, the proper detection of HEp-2 cells from the IIF images is an important prerequisite for the recognition of staining patterns of ANAs. The characteristics of HEp-2 cell images, due to fluorescence intensity, make the segmentation process more challenging. Recently, rough-fuzzy clustering algorithms have been shown to provide significant results for image segmentation by handling different uncertainties present in the images. But, the neighbourhood information is completely ignored in these algorithms. However, the spatial information is useful when the image is distorted by different imaging artefacts. In this regard, the paper presents a segmentation algorithm by incorporating the neighbourhood information into rough-fuzzy clustering algorithm. In the current study, the class label of a pixel is influenced by its neighbouring pixels, depending on their local spatial constraint and local grey level constraint. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on several HEp-2 cell IIF images and compared with that of existing algorithms, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Gabapentin Use in Benzodiazepine Dependence and Detoxification

1. Stahl SM. Ba sic psy cho phar ma col ogy of an ti de pres sants, part 1: an ti de pres sants have seven dis tinct mecha nisms of ac tions. J Clin Psy chia try 1998;59 (suppl 4):5S–14S. 2. Gum nick JF, Ne mer off CB. Prob lems with cur rently avail able an ti de pres sants. J Clin Psy chia try 2000;61(suppl 10):5S–15S. 3. Fava M. Man age ment of non re sponse and in tol er ance: switch ing strate gies. J Clin Psy chia try 2000;61(suppl 2):10S–12S. 4. Zul lino DF, Riquier F. Ven la fax ine and vivid dream ing [let ter]. J Clin Psy chia try 2000;61:600.
High intraindividual variation in internal transcibed spacer sequences in Aeschynanthus (Gesneriaceae): implications for phylogenetics

Aeschynanthus (Gesneriaceae) is a large genus of tropical epiphytes that is widely distributed from the Himalayas and China throughout South–East Asia to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) consensus sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of Aeschynanthus nuclear ribosomal DNA showed sequence polymorphism that was difficult to interpret. Cloning individual sequences from the PCR product generated a phylogenetic tree of 23 Aeschynanthus species (two clones per species). The intraindividual clone pairs varied from 0 to 5.01%. We suggest that the high intraindividual sequence variation results from low molecular drive in the ITS of Aeschynanthus. However, this study shows that, despite the variation found within some individuals, it is still possible to use these data to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of the species, suggesting that clone variation, although persistent, does not pre–date the divergence of Aeschynanthus species. The Aeschynanthus analysis revealed two major clades with different but overlapping geographic distributions and reflected classification based on morphology (particularly seed hair type).
SERUM LIPOIDS IN MALNUTRITION.

In previous studies of the blood lipoids in relation to various disease syndromes most authors have not considered the role which malnutrition in itself may play in determining the amount of these substances. For example, patients with hyperthyroidism usually lose a great deal of weight and may develop an extreme degree of malnutrition. The fall in the cholesterol and fatty acids that frequently occurs may be related to the general effect of the malnutrition and not to any direct action of the thyroid principles on lipoid metabolism. There is some experimental work on animals which indicates that malnutrition may reduce the level of blood lipoids. In the present paper the relationship between malnutrition and the serum lipoids in patients with a variety of diseases is presented. The disease syndromes that are suspected of directly disturbing fat metabolism, and particularly the blood lipoids, have been avoided.
Efficacy of Social Skills Training in Schizophrenia: A Nursing Review

Background Social skills training, a psychological approach, is used to ameliorate the deficits in social skills among patients with a severe mental illness. For the efficacy of social skills training in schizophrenia, the literature in other core psychiatric disciplines (i.e. psychology, psychiatry, etc) indicates some conflicting evidences and a limited quality of evidence in psychiatric nursing. With the exemption of a few individual nursing studies, no systematic review is available to date in psychiatric nursing literature. This systematic review of literature was undertaken to explore the efficacy of social skills training in schizophrenia. Methods Relevant studies on the topic were searched both in the electronic databases and manual sources. Twenty nine experimental studies among adult patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were included. The author critically reviewed them for their methodological quality and narratives of main findings. Results Several studies had indicated that social skills training interventions significantly increase the participants’ knowledge of text and performance about taught skills, improve their social adjustment and decrease their negative symptoms that are associated with social dysfunctions. The existing nursing studies had shown the efficacy of basic conversational and assertiveness skills training in terms of improvement into participants’ conversational, interactional and assertiveness abilities and reduction of their social anxiety, negative symptoms and increasing of their self-esteem. Conclusions Social skill training is a practicable therapeutic nursing intervention and should be implemented in routine care.
Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase mediates CD40 ligand‐induced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction via Rac1 and NADPH oxidase 2

Summary. Objectives: CD40 ligand (CD40L) has been implicated as an inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in endothelial cells, but definitive evidence for this and the in vivo relevance haves not been demonstrated fully. We thus investigated whether phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) was linked to ROS generation and endothelial reactivity in response to CD40L. Methods and Results: CD40L treatment activated PI3K activity by regulating the association between PI3K p85 and the CD40 receptor. CD40L exposure also stimulated the GTPase Rac1, which is known to activate NADPH oxidases, and enhanced ROS formation, whereas PI3K inhibition or depletion by small interfering RNA (siRNA) prevented these responses. Subsequently, PI3K overexpression activated Rac1 and increased ROS generation. These responses were not observed in the presence of inactive Rac1 or siRNA against the NADPH oxidase subunit NOX2. Protein kinase Cζ mediates PI3K‐regulated NADPH oxidase activation by promoting cellular p47phox translocation. Importantly, PI3K inhibition prevented CD40L‐mediated ROS generation and endothelial dysfunction in a mouse model. In summary, PI3K mediates CD40L‐induced ROS production and subsequent endothelial dysfunction. Conclusions: Targeting PI3K may provide a new therapeutic approach in diseases associated with oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction.
Diseases and conditions in pigs, horses and chickens arising from incomplete digestion and absorption of carbohydrates

In this review we have described a number of economically important diseases which arise from the incomplete digestion and absorption of carbohydrate in the small intestine. It is evident that processes which occur in the large intestine as a consequence of microbial digestion predispose some animals to certain diseases and conditions. In this review, we have referred to swine dysentery in pigs, laminitis in equines, and wet litter in poultry. Furthermore it is likely that some diseases, such as those caused by Escherichia coli in pigs, are associated with the presence of dietary fibre in the small intestine. The expression of diseases and conditions originating in both the large and small intestine can be controlled by diet ( e.g. feeding a diet of low fermentability/high digestibility to pigs to control swine dysentery and E. coli), by the use of antibiotics ( e.g. feeding virginiamycin in the form of FounderguardTM to horses), and by the use of enzymes ( e.g. wet litter in broiler chickens). The control of acidic conditions in the large intestine and (or) increased digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine appears to be associated with a reduced incidence of these diseases and conditions.
The Effects of Context-Sensitive Tutorials in Virtual Reality Games

Virtual reality (VR) devices have become popular in recent time due to the release of several consumer grade VR devices. Currently games are considered one of the primary use cases for VR. Game mechanics in VR games frequently work differently compared to non-VR games. However, there is no prevalent way how to teach game mechanics and game interaction to players in VR games. In this work we implemented a VR wave shooter game with two variants of a tutorial. We conducted a user study (n = 39) examining the effects of a context-sensitive tutorial on players' experience compared to a traditional instruction screen tutorial. The results show that the context-sensitive tutorial elicited higher positive emotions, lower negative emotions, and higher motivation while immersion and performance were comparable. These findings highlight that tutorials should not be seen as a separate introduction to a game but part of the overall experience as they can directly influence the players' experience.
Information and Communications Technology Acceptance by Youth Entrepreneurs in Rural Malaysian Communities: The Mediating Effects of Attitude and Entrepreneurial Intention

This study aims to examine information and communication technology (ICT) acceptance among youth entrepreneurs in rural Malaysian communities by employing two tailored technology acceptance models based on attitudes (AT) and entrepreneurial intention (EI) that influence actual use (AU). The study involved 400 rural youth entrepreneurs selected from four states in Malaysia, and both mediating effects were analyzed using bootstrapping procedures through structural equation modeling. The two models were tested, and vary in terms of different conceptualization of the pathways of mediating entrepreneurship latent factors. The models in the present paper are closely related to the model in a prior study that used the same data set [Zaremohzzabieh et al., 2015. A test of the technology acceptance model for understanding the ICT adoption behavior of rural young entrepreneurs. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(2), 158–169. ]. The results revealed that the first model is better than the second model. The results also revealed that the confirmatory strength of the two models improved the initial TAM through some form of mediating effects (i.e. AT and EI). The outcomes of this study contribute to our theoretical understanding of variables that influence ICT acceptance, and inform practice by recognizing methods to improve ICT acceptance among rural youth entrepreneurs in the country. The results provide new insights for small rural businesses and help to explain ICT acceptance, which is relatively underresearched in these growing nations.
Bronchoconstriction in response to suggestion: its prevention by an inhaled anticholinergic agent.

frequent development of tachyphylaxis apart from numerous other toxic reactions and the painfulness of the injections. The main advantage of dimercaprol is that the molecule is not charged, is soluble in lipids, and is able to cross the blood-brain barrier fairly easily compared with penicillamine, trientine dihydrochloride, and unithiol, which are highly charged. Treatment with unithiol was started in two other patients. The first developed a fever of 39"C four hours after the test dose and a 50°, fall in the leucocyte count. A further challenge dose caused a similar reaction and treatment was not pursued. This patient was subsequently managed with tetrathiomolybdate.3 The second patient took unithiol for 10 days before refusing it because of intense nausea and a change in taste. Other patients have received single test doses, and the resulting cupruresis has been comparable with that after penicillamine and trientine dihydrochloride in most cases. Unithiol may well prove to be yet one more fall back treatment for patients who develop intolerance to penicillamine.
What Are the Validity of the Single-Leg-Squat Test and Its Relationship to Hip-Abduction Strength?

Context: The Trendelenburg and single-leg-squat (SLS) tests are purported measures of hip-abduction strength that have not been previously validated. Objective: To correlate isometric hip-abduction strength to frontal-plane hip motion during an SLS and determine the criterion validity of a clinical-observation-analysis method to grade an SLS against 2-dimensional kinematic analysis. Design: Single-measure, concurrent validity. Setting: Biodynamics research laboratory. Participants: 50 uninjured participants. Main Outcome Measures: Hip-abduction strength and hip and knee kinematic data during a Trendelenburg test and an SLS. Results: A weak, positive correlation between hip-abduction strength and hip-adduction angle was found during both the Trendelenburg (r = .22, P = .13) and the SLS (r = .21, P = .14) tests. The observationanalysis method revealed a low sensitivity, . 23, and a higher specificity, . 86, when compared with the kinematic data. Conclusion: The usefulness of the Trendelenburg and SLS test in screening hip-abductor strength in a healthy physically active population is limited. The origin of observable deficits during SLS requires further objective assessment. Key Words: Trendelenburg test, kinematic analysis, functional testing, subjective analysis DiMattia MA, Livengood AL, Uhl TL, Mattacola CG, Malone TR. What are the validity of the single-leg-squat test and its relationship to hip-abduction strength? J Sport Rehabil. 2005;14:108-123. © 2005 Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.