Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Platelet-derived microvesicles transfer tissue factor to monocytes but not to neutrophils

Activated platelets are known to adhere to both blood monocytes and neutrophils, and this adhesion is mainly mediated by the surface exposure of the platelet granule protein CD62P. Platelets as well as platelet-derived microvesicles (PMV) have also been shown to contain and to transfer tissue factor (TF), the most important initiator of intravascular thrombin and fibrin formation, to monocytes. However, the role of neutrophils for gathering platelet-derived TF is controversial. Here we studied the interaction of PMV with monocytes and neutrophils using a whole blood system. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) obtained from citrated human blood was incubated with collagen (5 μg/ml, 15 min) and the platelets were removed by centrifugation (5 min at 5000 × g). After incubating the PMV-containing plasma for further 30 min with a sediment of red and white bloods cells that had been obtained after PRP preparation, monocytes and neutrophils were analysed by flow cytometry for the surface exposure of the platelet-specific antigen CD42a and TF. Compared to a control with non-activated PRP, there was a significant increase in the number of both CD42a-positive monocytes and neutrophils. In contrast, there was no change in the number of TF-positive neutrophils, but a more than 2-fold increase in the number of TF-positive monocytes. The changes in CD42a on monocytes and neutrophils as well as the changes in TF on monocytes could be significantly reduced by an anti-CD62P antibody or by removal of PMV from the plasma samples. The data indicate that the transfer of TF to monocytes is not simply an CD62P-mediated adhesion of platelets or PMV to monocytes, but may involve other not yet identified mechanisms.
Three Essays On Asset Bubbles And Contagion Over Financial Networks

This thesis studies financial market stability by exploring asset bubbles and contagions over financial markets. First I construct a model where bubbles arise from a lack of common knowledge about the asset value among traders with private information, and I evaluate the effects of capital gain tax and transaction costs on bubbles. I find that capital gains tax has no effect on the size of the bubble when there is a perfect tax credit for capital losses, and the size of the bubble decreases in the tax when there is no tax credit. Therefore dealing with bubbles with capital gains tax not only requires imposing the tax, but also tightening the policies on tax credits. In a simplified bubble model, it can be shown that the model is equivalent to an auction, and bubbles arise for the same reason that bidding prices fail to reveal the true value in that auction. Several experiments on taxes and subsidies are devised to reduce or eliminate bubbles. Then I study the contagion of bankruptcy through downward price pressure among investors with overlapping portfolios. I calculate the probability of an extensive contagion and the expected bankruptcy rate during such a contagion. System-wide contagion happens only when the diversification of portfolios is in a certain range and, in the upper area of that range, the probability of a crisis may be small, but the spread of contagion can be extremely extensive.
Purity of boundaries of open complex varieties

We study the boundary of an open smooth complex algebraic variety $U$. We ask when the cohomology of the geometric boundary $Z=X\setminus U$ in a smooth compactification $X$ is pure with respect to the mixed Hodge structure. Knowing the dimension of singularity locus of some singular compactification we give a bound for $k$ above which the cohomology $H^k(Z)$ is pure. The main ingredient of the proof is purity of the intersection cohomology sheaf.
Phylogenetically distinct hantavirus implicated in a case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Northeastern United States

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is an acute respiratory illness with high mortality. It is caused by a newly described New World hantavirus known as Four Corners virus (FCV). Nearly all cases of HPS have occurred in the western United States. The etiologic agents in those cases have been closely related to each other, based upon comparisons of their genetic sequences. We have molecularly cloned the S genomic segment of a hantavirus (RI‐1) implicated in a case on HPS in the northeastern United States. Nucleotide sequence analysis shows that the RI‐1 virus has many similarities to FCV, but is clearly distinct from the western forms of that virus. These data suggest that HPS can be caused by multiple agents that together form a distinctive evolutionary cIade. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CHANGES IN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE STEMS OF RED KIDNEY BEAN PLANTS TREATED WITH 2, 4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID.

It has been shown (2, 5, 8, 11) that treatment of plants with 2, 4-D results in a reduction in carbohydrate content and an accumulation of nitrogen. Investigators (4, 6,) have reported that some plants sprayed with solutions of 2, 4-D develop enlarged and proliferated tissues, noted primarily in the stems. It has also been observed that some plants which were sprayed with 2, 4-D and which developed proliferated tissue of this type were eaten more readily by animals (7). Since little is known about the chemical composition of this abnormal tissue, the work reported in this paper was projected to include the analysis for amino acids, ether extract, carbohydrates, ash and crude fiber. Results of chemical analyses are presented for the stems of untreated red kidney bean plants and for those treated with 2, 4-D.
AFFINITY LABELING OF CYSTEINE-MUTANTS EVIDENCES CONTACT RESIDUES IN MODELED RECEPTOR BINDING SITES

ABSTRACT To investigate the topology of binding sites in two ionotropic receptors, we have initiated a strategy combining affinity labeling with cysteine-scanning mutagenesis. For the GABAA receptor we have used reactive derivatives of non-competitive blockers (NCBs) to explore interacting positions in its channel. The polypeptide positions of the M2 segment of the α1 subunit which we mutated into cysteine were selected for their established accessibility, as determined by the substituted-cysteine accessibility method (SCAM). Using the Xenopus oocyte expression system, we show that receptors containing mutations V257C and S272C are inactivated by several reactive NCBs. These position-selective inactivations lead to an analysis of NCB binding in the channel. For the NMDA receptor glycine-binding site, the prototype antagonist L-701,324 was derivatized at different positions with different reactive groups. The receptor positions to mutate into cysteine were selected after a 3-D homology model. The observed receptor inactivations are mutant- and probe-selective, leading to an unambiguous chemical docking of the antagonist pharmacophore and supporting the model. The site-specificity of the inactivating reactions is assessed by protection experiments and by mutant to wild-type (WT) comparisons. The scope and limitations of the method are briefly discussed.
Extensive population expansion of Pedicularis longiflora (Orobanchaceae) on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau and its correlation with the Quaternary climate change

The Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is thought to be more strongly affected by the Quaternary glaciations than most other regions of the same latitude. It would be of great interest to investigate the population genetic structure of organisms distributed on the platform and its correlation with the Quaternary climatic oscillations. Here we used the chloroplast (cp)DNA trnT‐trnF sequence to study genetic variation and phylogeography of Pedicularis longiflora, an alpine herb with extensive distribution on the QTP. Based on a range‐wide sampling comprising 41 populations and 910 individuals, we detected 30 cpDNA haplotypes that were divided into five clades by phylogenetic and network analyses and a strong phylogeographical structure. All haplotypes but one in the three basal clades occur exclusively in the southeast QTP, whereas haplotypes in the young clade V occupy almost the whole species range. In particular, the young haplotype H18 occurs in 420 individuals, even at a frequency of 100% in some QTP platform populations and the Altai population. The haplotype distribution pattern, together with molecular clock estimation and mismatch distribution analysis, suggests that the southeast QTP was either a refuge for P. longiflora during the Quaternary climatic change or is the place of origin of the species. The present wide distribution of the species on the QTP platform has resulted from recent population expansions which could be dated back to 120 000–17 000 years ago, a period mostly before the last glacial maximum. The possible relationships among geographic genetic structure, climatic change and species diversification in Pedicularis are also discussed.
American Football

There are a number of sports played across the world under the name football, with most of the world reserving that name for association football or soccer. Soccer is discussed in Chapter 5 of this volume, this chapter considers American football, the basic structure of which is described in the next paragraph. Most of the material in this chapter is discussed in terms of the National Football League, the professional football league in the United States. Other versions of the game include college football in the United States and professional football in Canada. There can be substantial differences between different versions of American football, e.g., the Canadian and United States games differ with respect to the length of the field and the number of players among other things. Despite these differences, the methodology and ideas discussed in this chapter should apply equally well to all versions of American football. American football, which we shall call football from this point on, is played by two teams on a field 100 yards long with each team defending one of the two ends of the field (called goal lines). Games are 60 minutes long, and are broken into four 15-minute quarters. The two teams alternate possession of the ball and score points by advancing the ball (by running or throwing/catching) to the other team’s goal line (a touchdown worth 6 points with the additional opportunity to attempt a one-point or two-point conversion play), or
Post-operative analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine administration in wound infiltration for abdominal hysterectomy: A randomised control study

Background and Aims: Local infiltration of the surgical wound is one of the important components of multimodal analgesia for post-operative pain relief. This study determines the post-operative analgesic effect of addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine for local infiltration of the surgical wound. Methods: Sixty women belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists' Grade 1 or 2 posted for abdominal hysterectomy were randomly allocated to Group I (control group) where patients received wound infiltration with 30 mL 0.25% bupivacaine at the end of surgery, or Group II, where patients received wound infiltration with 1.0 μg/kg dexmedetomidine diluted in 30 mL 0.25% bupivacaine. The primary objective of the study was to assess post-operative pain scores. Number of patients requiring rescue analgesia and total morphine consumption during 24 h after surgery were also recorded. Statistical significance for analgesic requirement was determined by one-way analysis of variance. Results: Pain scores were lower at rest for 12 h and on cough for 6 h in Group II (<0.01). All patients in Group I required supplemental morphine compared to only 3 patients in Group II (P < 0.003). Post-operative analgesia requirement was significantly less in patients receiving dexmedetomidine in wound infiltration compared to patients receiving bupivacaine alone (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Wound infiltration of dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine provides superior pain relief compared to bupivacaine alone.
Editorial: the Millennium study cohort―evaluating environmental determinates of IBD in the 21st Century. Authors' reply

1. Ananthakrishnan AN. Epidemiology and risk factors for IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;12:205-217. 2. Molodecky NA, Soon IS, Rabi DM, et al. Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review. Gastroenterology. 2012;142:46-54 e42; quiz e30. 3. Kaplan GG. The global burden of IBD: from 2015 to 2025. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;12:720-727. 4. Kaplan GG, Ng SC. Understanding and preventing the global increase of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2017;152:313-321 e312. 5. Porter CK, Welsh M, Riddle MS, et al. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease among participants of the millennium cohort: incidence, deployment-related risk factors, and antecedent episodes of infectious gastroenteritis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;45:1115-1127. 6. Gray GC, Chesbrough KB, Ryan MA, et al. The millennium cohort study: a 21-year prospective cohort study of 140,000 military personnel. Mil Med. 2002;167:483-488. 7. Smith TC, Jacobson IG, Hooper TI, et al. Health impact of US military service in a large population-based military cohort: findings of the millennium cohort study, 2001-2008. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:69. 8. Molodecky NA, Panaccione R, Ghosh S, Barkema HW, Kaplan GG. Challenges associated with identifying the environmental determinants of the inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17:1792-1799. 9. Gauci C, Gilles H, O’Brien S, et al. Challenges in identifying the methodology to estimate the prevalence of infectious intestinal disease in Malta. Epidemiol Infect. 2006;134:393-399. 10. Cleynen I, Boucher G, Jostins L, et al. Inherited determinants of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis phenotypes: a genetic association study. Lancet. 2016;387:156-167.
A Holistic Hybrid Algorithm for User Recommendation on Twitter

As Twitter grows larger and larger, finding interesting users to follow becomes an increasingly difficult task, making it a great scenario for the application of recommender systems. Previous research has shown that there is value in combining different recommendation algorithms, as each algorithm has strengths and weaknesses. However, previous works have focused on specific classes of recommendation algorithms, or on naively combining different algorithms. In contrast, in this work we present a holistic hybrid algorithm that simultaneously takes into account content-based, collaborative-based and user-based information. Our algorithm learns how to combine different sources of evidence (including the output from other algorithms) from the data itself, by using a Logistic Regression model. Therefore, instead of manually determining the importance of each source, or worse - weighting all the sources equally, the appropriate emphasis given to each of the sources in our model comes from the data. Our experiments on a real dataset from Twitter show that our algorithm outperforms current state-of-the-art algorithms. In addition, we propose new user representations for content-based algorithms (such as algorithms based on tf-idf and LDA) that capture the users' interests more fully, by also taking into account the content posted by the people they follow. Our experiments also show that these new representations outperform traditional content-based algorithms.
Unusual clinical presentation and neuropathology in two subjects with fused‐in sarcoma (FUS) positive inclusions

We report two unusual autopsy cases with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) that were hyperphosphorylated‐tau‐ and TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP‐43)‐ negative. The behavioral symptoms in both cases were compatible with frontotemporal dementia, but they exhibited more prominent speech and language related symptoms than previously reported. Moreover, they displayed a short duration of the disease; the male case had a disease onset age of 45 years, and duration of 5 years, and the female case suffered even shorter disease duration and a later onset of the symptoms, at the age of 67 years. Moreover, the motor functions had deteriorated in different ways in these cases. The male patient showed progressive motor symptoms, weakness of extremities and bulbar muscles suggesting motor neuron disease with a muscle biopsy supporting neurogenic deficits, whereas the female patient exhibited dyskinesias and tremor with progressive swallowing disorders. The father of the male case displayed dementia of similar type at the age of 68 years. In both cases, neuropathological examination showed fused‐in sarcoma (FUS)‐positive pathology. The male patient had intensely FUS‐positive cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions that resembled the characteristics previously reported in FTLD FUS, whereas the female patient did not exhibit any cytoplasmic inclusions but had roundish, dense FUS‐positive intranuclear inclusions. She also displayed a plethora of other pathologies including α‐synuclein, hyperphosphorylated‐tau, β‐amyloid aggregation and some neuronal polyglutamine aggregation (1C2) but no well‐demarcated inclusions were observed. We conclude that clinical phenotypes of FUS pathologies also include elderly patients and are more variable with motor and speech disorders than previously reported.
Sampling of Adult Mosquito Vectors with Mosquito Magnet™ Pro in Panaji, Goa, India

ABSTRACT For mosquito vector population monitoring, a new commercial trap, Mosquito Magnet™ Pro (MM-PRO), was tested for its usefulness in Goa, India. Anopheles stephensi was tested for the presence of Plasmodium sporozoite infection in the salivary glands. Using the MM-PRO 24 h a day for 34 days, 2,329 mosquitoes belonging to 16 species were collected. These included 6 species each of the genera Anopheles and Culex, 2 species of Aedes, and 1 each of Mansonia and Armigeres. Most (91%) of the mosquitoes caught were females. Among these the number and percentage of each species were Anopheles stephensi 59 (2.78%), Culex quinquefasciatus 1013 (47.78%), Culex vishnui 551 (26.0%), Mansonia uniformis 216 (10.19%), and Aedes albopictus 1 (0.04%). Of the 54 An. stephensi females tested for the presence of circumsporozoite protein (CSP) by an ELISA technique, 1 was found to be Plasmodium falciparum CSP positive. The MM-PRO device was found useful for mosquito population sampling in the urban setting of Goa.
Combined detection tumor markers for diagnosis and prognosis of gallbladder cancer.

AIM To clarify the value of combined use of markers for the diagnosis of gallbladder cancer and prediction of its prognosis. METHODS Serum cancer antigens (CA)199, CA242, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and CA125 levels were measured in 78 patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC), 78 patients with benign gallbladder diseases, and 78 healthy controls using electrochemiluminescence. CA199, CA242, CEA, and CA125 levels and positive rates were analyzed and evaluated pre- and post-operatively. Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to determine diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of GBC. Survival time analysis, including survival curves, and multivariate survival analysis of a Cox proportional hazards model was performed to evaluate independent prognostic factors. RESULTS Serum CA242, CA125, and CA199 levels in the GBC group were significantly higher when compared with those in the benign gallbladder disease and healthy control groups (P < 0.01). With a single tumor marker for GBC diagnosis, the sensitivity of CA199 was the highest (71.7%), with the highest specificity being in CA242 (98.7%). Diagnostic accuracy was highest with a combination of CA199, CA242, and CA125 (69.2%). CA242 could be regarded as a tumor marker of GBC infiltration in the early stage. The sensitivity of CA199 and CA242 increased with progression of GBC and advanced lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). The 78 GBC patients were followed up for 6-12 mo (mean: 8 mo), during which time serum CA199, CA125, and CA242 levels in the recurrence group were significantly higher than in patients without recurrence (P < 0.01). The post-operative serum CA199, CA125, and CA242 levels in the non-recurrence group were significantly lower than those in the GBC group (P < 0.01). Multivariate survival analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model showed that cancer of the gallbladder neck and CA199 expression level were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION CA242 is a marker of GBC infiltration in the early stage. CA199 and cancer of the gallbladder neck are therapeutic and prognostic markers.
Arithmetic Circuits for Multilevel Qudits Based on Quantum Fourier Transform

We present some basic integer arithmetic quantum circuits, such as adders and multipliers-accumulators of various forms, as well as diagonal operators, which operate on multilevel qudits. The integers to be processed are represented in an alternative basis after they have been Fourier transformed. Several arithmetic circuits operating on Fourier transformed integers have appeared in the literature for two level qubits. Here we extend these techniques on multilevel qudits, as they may offer some advantages relative to qubits implementations. The arithmetic circuits presented can be used as basic building blocks for higher level algorithms such as quantum phase estimation, quantum simulation, quantum optimization etc., but they can also be used in the implementation of a quantum fractional Fourier transform as it is shown in a companion work presented separately.
Space-time adaptive processing for clutter suppression in coprime array and coprime pulse repetition interval airborne radar

This paper develops two novel space-time adaptive processing (STAP) filters for clutter suppression in airborne radar with the coprime space-time sampling, which is realized by the coprime array and coprime pulse repetition interval (PRI). Different from the conventional STAP filters, the proposed STAP filters are derived by three steps. Firstly, a virtual space-time snapshot is constructed using the property of the coprime sampling. Secondly, an equivalent covariance matrix with enhanced degrees of freedom is computed by using spatial-temporal smoothing approach. Thirdly, two optimal STAP filters are derived based on the estimated covariance matrix. Simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed filters.
Treatment outcome of Singapore residents with pulmonary tuberculosis in the first year after introduction of a computerised treatment surveillance module.

INTRODUCTION A key intervention of the Singapore Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (STEP) was the introduction in 2001 of a computerised treatment surveillance module (TSM) for the real-time monitoring of the treatment progress of the country's notified tuberculosis (TB) cases until a final outcome. We report the treatment outcome as at December 31, 2002 for the cohort of Singapore residents with new and relapsed pulmonary TB in whom treatment was commenced in 2001. METHODS Each TB notification will activate the TSM, which requires a return on the patient's treatment progress, treatment delivery mode and the treating physician's management decision at each clinic visit to the STEP Registry until an outcome is reached. RESULTS There were 1,354 Singapore residents with new or relapsed pulmonary TB who started treatment in 2001. Of these, 620 (45.8 percent) underwent directly-observed therapy (DOT) at their nearest polyclinic. As at December 31, 2002 , 79 percent of patients completed treatment, nine percent died (two percent from TB), nine percent interrupted treatment (they were either lost to follow-up or refused treatment), 1.8 percent were still on treatment, 0.6 percent left the country, and 0.5 percent had permanent cessation of treatment due to drug reactions. Factors associated with treatment completion were Chinese ethnicity (odds-ratio [OR] 1.5, 95 percent confidence interval [Cl] 1.1-2, p-value is 0.02), age younger than 65 years (OR 1.8, 95 percent Cl 1.3-3.0, p-value is 0.003) and the use of DOT (OR 3.1, 95 percent Cl 2.3-4.1, p-value is less than 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings from the TSM's first year provide a baseline for future programme evaluation.