Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does LO Noise Floor Limit Performance in Multi-Gigabit Millimeter-Wave Communication?

Extremely high data rate communication can potentially be achieved by combining high-order modulations and wide bandwidths at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies. However, it has been challenging to practically implement this combination, even if the SNR of the system appears to be sufficiently high. An explanation from a recent theoretical study is that the practical data rates in mm-wave systems are limited by the local oscillator (LO) white phase noise. In this letter, we present an experimental investigation on whether the white noise floor of frequency multiplied LO sources is a major noise contribution to wideband signals. Hardware measurements are performed using multi-gigabit 64 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals. The measured results show that the transmitter performance degrades as the LO noise floor increases. Hence, the LO noise floor is identified to be one primary limitation for achieving the highest possible data rate in wideband mm-wave systems.
A prospective cohort study of risk prediction in simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation.

INTRODUCTION Current risk prediction scoring systems in pancreas transplantation are limited to organ factors and are specific to predicting graft outcome. They do not consider recipient factors or inform regarding recipient morbidity. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of commonly used general surgical risk prediction models (P-POSSUM [Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity], MODS [multiple organ dysfunction score], Charlson co-morbidity index, revised cardiac risk index, ASA [American Society of Anesthesiologists] grade and Waterlow score), and to correlate them with total length of hospital stay (LOS) and critical care unit (CCU) LOS, important surrogate markers of patient outcome. METHODS All risk prediction scores were calculated prospectively for all simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) transplant recipients from November 2011 to October 2013, and correlated with outcome measures. RESULTS Overall, 57 SPK transplant recipients were analysed. The mean age was 42.0 years (standard deviation [SD]: 7.60 years), 27 (52%) were male and the mean body mass index was 25.43kg/m(2) (SD: 3.11kg/m(2)). The mean pancreas and kidney cold ischaemic times were 703 minutes (SD: 182 minutes) and 850 minutes (SD: 192 minutes) respectively. The median total LOS and mean CCU LOS was 17 days (range: 8-79 days) and 7 days (SD: 4.04 days) respectively. When correlated with risk prediction scores, Waterlow score was the only significant predictor of total LOS and CCU LOS (p<0.001 [Spearman's correlation] and p=0.001 [Pearson's correlation] respectively). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative risk prediction plays an important part in planning perioperative care. To date, no validated risk prediction scoring system exists for SPK transplantation. This prospective study indicates that Waterlow score identifies high risk individuals and has value in the prediction of outcome following SPK transplantation.
Versatile Compact Model for Graphene FET Targeting Reliability-Aware Circuit Design

In this paper, we report on the development of a versatile compact model for graphene FETs (GFETs). Aging studies have been performed on the GFETs via bias stress measurements and aging laws were implemented in the compact model, including failure mechanisms in the GFETs. The failure mechanisms are identified to be originated from the generation of traps and interface states causing a shift in the transfer characteristics and mobility degradation, respectively. For the development of the aging compact model, the trap density is implemented in the prestress compact model to modulate the channel potential. Moreover, the interface state generation is implemented to reflect on the modification of the source/drain access region charges. The implemented aging model is compared with reported bias-stress measurement results as well as the aging measurements carried out on chemical vapor deposition GFETs which show a very good agreement.
Places of Agribusiness: Displacement, Replacement, and Misplacement in Mato Grosso, Brazil

Abstract This article investigates the spatial logic and different moments of place‐making during the expansion of Mato Grosso's agribusiness frontier, in the southern section of the Brazilian Amazon. The analysis is informed by three conceptual concerns: the tensions between representation and experience, between humanist and class‐based explanations, and between the intensity of place‐making and place‐framing. Empirical results from a qualitative case study (carried out between 2013–2015, when agribusiness was the undisputed locomotive of the Brazilian economy) demonstrate that socio‐spatial changes in the last four decades evolved due to the complementary pressures and controversies of displacement (particularly in the 1970s–1980s) and replacement (in the 1990s–2000s), which eventually resulted in the widespread sense of misplacement due to accumulated inequalities and entrenched forms of socioeconomic exclusion. The principal conclusion found that the places dominated by agribusiness in Mato Grosso evolved around a totalizing spatial strategy that undermined alternative forms of production and livelihoods that do not fit in the export‐oriented agricultural model.
INTESTINAL TRIGLYCERIDE ABSORPTION IN THE RAT

This report provides information on the morphology of fat absorption in rat intestinal epithelial cells. Three types of experiments were performed: (a) intubation of corn oil into fasted rats, (b) injection of physiological fatty-chyme prepared from fat-fed donor rats into ligated segments of jejunum of fasted animals, and (c) administration of electron-opaque particles in corn oil and markers given concurrently with the fat. These results support the hypothesis that fat is absorbed by selective diffusion of monoglycerides and fatty acids from micelles rather than by pinocytosis of unhydrolized triglycerides. Evidence is presented that the pits between the microvilli, previously believed to function in the transport of fat, are not involved in this process. Instead they appear to contribute their contents to lysosomes in the apical cytoplasm. Arguments are offered that the monoglycerides and fatty acids diffuse from the micelle while the latter is associated with the microvillous membrane of the absorptive cell. These micellar components penetrate the plasma membrane and diffuse into the cytoplasmic matrix where they encounter the SER. Triglyceride synthesis occurs in the SER and results in the deposition of fat droplets within its lumina. The synthesis of triglycerides and their sequestration into the SER establishes an inward diffusion gradient of monoglycerides and fatty acids.
Circulatory Response to Tilting after Intravenous Diazepam in Volunteers

FIGURE. Chemical formulae of diazepam and chlordiazepoxide. ety-tension symptoms, the two are distinct agents. Orally administered diazepam has been used effectively in psychiatric patients,l to alleviate skeletal muscle spasm333 and, recently, has been evaluated for preoperative medicati0n. ~,5 Diazepam has been used intramuscularly as an adjunct prior to endoscopy,6 and intravenously as a preinterview medication in psychiatric patients.
Gastric sensorimotor functions and hormone profile in normal weight, overweight, and obese people.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Peptide YY (PYY) levels are reported to be decreased in obesity. The relation between gastric functions, satiation, and gut hormones in obesity is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to compare gastric volumes, emptying, maximum tolerated volumes, postchallenge symptoms, and selected gut hormones in normal, overweight, or obese healthy volunteers. METHODS In 73 nonbulimic normal, overweight, or obese participants weighing less than 137 kg, we measured gastric emptying of solids and liquids by scintigraphy (gastric emptying half-time [GE t(1/2)]); gastric volumes by single-photon emission computed tomography; maximum tolerated volumes and symptoms by satiation test; and plasma leptin, ghrelin, insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and PYY levels. Groups were compared using 1-way analysis of covariance adjusted for sex. Univariate associations among measured responses were assessed using Spearman correlations. Multiple linear regression models, adjusting for weight and sex, assessed the independent ability of gastric functions and hormones to predict satiation volume. RESULTS Obese and overweight subjects had significantly lower postprandial gastric volumes, higher fasting and postprandial insulin and leptin levels, and lower fasting ghrelin and lower postprandial reduction in ghrelin levels. PYY levels were not different in obese or overweight subjects compared with controls. The GE t(1/2) was correlated inversely with postprandial PYY; increased body weight was associated with faster GE t(1/2) of solids (r(s) = 0.33, P = . 005) and liquids (r(s) = 0.24, P = . 04). Postprandial changes in gastric volume and PYY were independent predictors of satiation (both P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Overweight or obesity are associated with lower postprandial gastric volumes and normal PYY levels. Gastric emptying influences postprandial PYY levels. Postprandial PYY and gastric volume independently predict satiation volume in nonbulimic people across a wide body mass index range.
Process and reality in information systems benefit analysis

The identification of the potential benefits of a proposed information system project is a very challenging and important task. However, little research describes how this is actually carried out. The objective of this research was to answer the core question: how do organizations identify the expected benefits of proposed IS projects? To accomplish this objective, the authors studied 24 projects by interviewing 20 subjects from 13 organizations. Based on these interviews, a model of the benefit identification process was formulated showing it to be a set of loosely defined, overlapping, iterative activities. The study suggests that, despite great uncertainty about the potential benefits, proposers were compelled to use the benefit identification process to persuade the organization to be committed to the project. This effort to build commitment under great uncertainty may contribute to the overstatement or understatement of expected benefits. The study offers managers an understanding of the process and guidance for carrying it out. It also suggests that future researchers validate the model, use it to help identify best practices and test related hypotheses.
Factors Associated with Poor Glycemic Control among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ambo Hospital, Ambo; Ethiopia

Background: Poor and inadequate glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes constitutes a major public health problem and major risk factor for the development of diabetes complications. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients attending Ambo hospital chronic care service. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was conducted. A 5% sample pretest was performed on randomly selected patients before the beginning of the study. A three month consecutive measurements of blood glucose was used to assess glycemic control. Results: A total of 102 type 2 diabetes patients were interviewed and their chart was checked using a structured check list format. Of the total 102 patients, 50% had a mean FBG level of > 126 mg/dl with three month consecutive measurement resulting in poor glycemic control. We have identified that patients with age in between 51-50 yr (p=0.038) and age 61-70 yr (p=.017) were poorly managed their blood glucose level compared to the other age groups under study. The most frequent comorbidity observed over type 2 diabetes was hypertension 41(40.6%) followed by renal disease and dyspepsia with 5 and 3 patients respectively. Furthermore, patients who had hyperlipidemia and peripheral neuropathy as a comorbidities had 5 and 579 more prone to develop poor blood glucose control compared to patients with no comorbidities with 95% C.I of (1.145-20.462 and 116.8-2870), respectively. Conclusion: The proportion of patients with poor glycemic control was high, which was nearly comparable to that reported from many countries. Age in between 51-70 yr and the presence of comorbidities like hyperlipidemia and peripheral neuropathy were associated with poor glycemic control.
State Policies, Enterprise Dynamism, and Innovation System in Shanghai, China

Today rapidly growing economies depend more on the creation, acquisition, distribution, and use of knowledge. As such, strategies for enhancing research and innovation capabilities have come to occupy a more important position in many developing nations, including China. Already the leading production center, and often seen as China's economic locomotive, Shanghai is striving aggressively to retain its national preeminence and has launched concerted efforts to increase local innovative output. The primary purpose of this paper is to understand how state-led efforts have fared in promoting technology innovation. By situating the city in the national and global context, the paper shows that Shanghai has gained a substantial lead in developing an innovation environment with extensive global linkages and leading research institutions. Recent efforts in building up the research and innovation capacity of the enterprise sector have begun to show progress. Although firms are enthusiastic about its future as an innovation center, Shanghai continues to face challenges of inadequate protection of intellectual property, lack of venture capital investment, and the tightening supply of highly qualified knowledge workers.
Sample size re‐estimation in cluster randomization trials

Cluster randomization trials in which families are the unit of allocation are commonly adopted for the evaluation of disease prevention interventions. Sample size estimation for cluster randomization trials depends on parameters that quantify the variability within and between clusters and the variability in cluster size. Accurate advance estimates of these nuisance parameters may be difficult to obtain and misspecification may lead to an underpowered study. Since families are typically recruited over time, we propose using a portion of the data to estimate the nuisance parameters and to re‐estimate sample size based on the estimates. This extends the standard internal pilot study methods to the setting of cluster randomization trials. The effect of this design on the power, significance level and sample size is analysed via simulation and is shown to provide a flexible and practical approach to cluster randomization trials. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuroendocrine differentiation and prognosis in prostatic adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVES To assess the prognostic importance of neuroendocrine differentiation in conventional (non-small cell) prostatic adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-two samples from patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma were studied retrospectively. The immunohistochemical analysis of chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase in formalin-fixed, paraffin wax embedded prostatic tissue chips was related to other prognostic variables and patient survival. RESULTS Neuroendocrine differentiation was detected in 48 cases; there was a significant correlation with worsening tumour differentiation, the presence of bone metastases and with worsening survival, but no independent effect of neuroendocrine differentiation on survival. CONCLUSION The detection of neuroendocrine differentiation in conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma is not an independent indicator of prognosis.
[Placenta praevia: maternal and featal prognosis in University Hospital of Cocody (Abidjan-Cote d'Ivoire)].

INTRODUCTION In Africa, in spite of systematical practice of echography, Placenta praevia (PP) remains a high risky gravid complication, very unpredictable, with a high lethality rate. OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to reconsider the frequency of this pathology, to appreciate the maternal and fetal prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study, about 340 cases of PP, at the University Hospital of Cocody in Abidjan, during 5 years, from January 1st 2002 to December 31st 2006. We included in this study all the parturients with a gestational age > or = 28 weeks of amenorrhea, and a PP diagnosed during either pregnancy, or labour, or after placenta stage. Maternal age, parity, gynecologic and obstetrical antecedents, mode of delivery and maternal and fetal prognosis was compared between patients with PP and a group of witness chosen among normal pregnancies. The comparison has been done by using X² and Fischer test with a threshold of signification of 5%. RESULTS The frequency of PP in our study was 1.6%. The maternal age was > or = 30 years old for 43.2% of patients with PP against 28% in witness group (p=0.000). Among cases of PP, multiparous and high multiparous represented 37.7% against 10% in the witness group. Healing uterus was an increasing factor of PP (32 cases against 8 in witness group; p=0.024). Caesarean operation has been the principal mode of delivery among the patients with PP (80%). 43.8% of newborn was premature against 8.5% in the witness group (p=0.0000). The perinatal mortality was 21.3% in cases of PP against 3.8% in witness group. Three maternal deaths (0.9%) have been noticed among patients with PP. CONCLUSION The management of PP is still badly definite in Africa. The early diagnostic by ultrasound examination permit an adapted supervision and the prevention of all obstetrical complications of this pathology.
The use of central venous catheters (portacaths) in children with Haemophilia

The experience with central venous implantable devices (portacaths) has been reviewed in children attending the Auckland Hospital Haemophilia Centre. Fourteen children had 23 portacaths inserted. Thirteen had severe Haemophilia A, of whom five had high responding inhibitors to factor VIII. All the children were HIV negative. Ages ranged from 4 months to 13 years at the time of initial placement and 12 were under 5 years. Indications for portacath placement included primary and secondary prophylaxis, induction of immune tolerance, prophylactic therapy post intracranial haemorrhage and poor venous access. Catheter‐related infections occurred in 48% of cases. Staphylococcal species were the most common organisms isolated followed by gram‐negative bacilli. 63% of the infections were successfully cleared with antibiotics. Haematoma formation occurred in 17% of catheters, primarily in patients who had high factor VIII inhibitor levels. Mechanical problems including blockage, leakage and extrusion of the portacath occurred less frequently (13%). The significant rate of infection in this immunocompetent population is consistent with other reports. Despite the obvious benefits of portacaths this complication is potentially serious and causes appreciable morbidity. In contrast, bleeding complication rates were relatively low.
Old Questions, New Paradigms: Ethical, Legal, and Social Complications of Noninvasive Prenatal Testing

Recent rapid changes in prenatal care have resulted from the discovery that cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) circulates in the maternal bloodstream during pregnancy (Lo et al. 1997). The discovery of cffDNA in maternal serum, combined with sequencing and bioinformatic techniques, has allowed the detection of an anomalous number of chromosomes in a developing fetus (Chiu et al. 2008; Fan et al. 2008). For the first time, clinicians can offer genetic testing in the prenatal period without using invasive procedures, such as amniocentesis, that carry a slight risk of miscarriage. Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is recognized by professional societies as a highly sensitive, non-diagnostic screening test (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [ACOG] 2012; Benn et al. 2013). For some chromosomal aneuploidies, especially trisomies 13, 18, and 21, NIPT has a sensitivity and specificity in excess of 95% (Bianchi et al. 2014). Microdeletions and single-gene disorders may also be detected with NIPT through microarray, whole genome sequencing, or targeted single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis (Fan et al. 2012; Juneau et al. 2014; Kitzman et al. 2012; Rabinowitz et al. 2014). While these techniques allow for a more detailed examination of the fetal genome, they also bring into the prenatal period many of the debates and ethical concerns previously associated with pediatric and adult sequencing (Donley, Hull, and Berkman 2012; Tabor et al. 2012). Intimately bound up with technological questions regarding NIPT are many ethical questions, and this special issue of AJOB Empirical Bioethics addresses a wide range of these issues. The articles that follow represent emerging empirical work on the ethical issues that are raised by NIPT, heightened by its rapid clinical implementation, and contextualized within the larger landscape of prenatal testing. Here, we summarize a few of these concerns and provide an overview of the articles in this issue.
Temozolomide and cisplatin in avdanced malignant melanoma.

BACKGROUND Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral alkylating agent; it produces DNA methyl adducts, which are removed by the DNA repair enzyme AGAT. In vitro studies suggest that CDDP may enhance the antitumor activity of TMZ due to the ability of cisplatin (CDDP) to down-regulate AGAT activity. In a previous phase I study, the combination of TMZ and CDDP was tested, and the recommended dose for each drug was defined. On the basis of these results, we designed a phase II study to evaluate the activity and safety profile of the TMZ-CDDP association in patients with advanced melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS From March 2001 to March 2002, 37 patients with metastatic melanoma, not amenable to surgery, were enrolled in this study. All eligible patients were treated with the combination of CDDP 75 mg/m2 i.v. d 1, TMZ 200 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5 recycled every 4 weeks. Interferon alpha2b (IFN alpha2b) was administered at the end of chemotherapy to responsive patients at the dose of 5 M.I. U s.c. 3 times a week for 1 year. RESULTS A total of 174 courses were administered, with a median number of 4 courses/patient (range 1-10). After chemotherapy, 9 CRs and 9 PRs were observed for an overall response rate of 48.6% (95% C.I., 31.9%-65.6%). One of 5 patients with initial brain metastases showed a complete response to the therapy. Five out of 9 CR patients were still with no evidence of recurrence, ranging from 28+ to 82+ weeks. The median survival time was 48 weeks. The schedule was well tolerated, with the most frequent adverse events reported being nausea and vomiting (59%), alopecia (14%) and fatigue (11%), all well controlled by supportive therapy. Haemotological toxicities were mild to moderate. Side-effects attributable to IFN alpha2b were also mild and manageable. CONCLUSION The combination of TMZ and CDDP seems to be active in untreated patients with advanced melanoma. Absence of recurrence in the majority (5/9; 56%) of CR patients seems to indicate that IFN may act on the duration of the response to chemotherapy. The schedule was well tolerated, with nausea and vomiting as the most frequent adverse events.