Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dual Inhibition of TNFR1 and IFNAR1 in Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasiform Skin Inflammation in Mice

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting 2–3% of the world population and is mainly characterized by epidermal hyperplasia, scaling, and erythema. A prominent role for TNF in the pathogenesis of psoriasis has been shown, and consequently various types of TNF antagonists such as etanercept and infliximab have been used successfully. Recently, increasing amounts of data suggest that type I IFNs are also crucial mediators of psoriasis. To investigate whether blocking their respective receptors would be useful, TNFR1- and IFNAR1-deficient mice were challenged with Aldara, which contains imiquimod, and is used as an experimental model to induce psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice. Both transgenic mice showed partial protection toward Aldara-induced inflammation compared with control groups. Additionally, TNFR1 knockout mice showed sustained type I IFN production in response to Aldara. Double knockout mice lacking both receptors showed superior protection to Aldara in comparison with the single knockout mice and displayed reduced levels of IL-12p40, IL-17F, and S100A8, indicating that the TNF and type I IFN pathways contribute significantly to inflammation upon treatment with Aldara. Our findings reveal that dual inhibition of TNFR1 and IFNAR1 may represent a potential novel strategic treatment of psoriasis.
Why Did the Industrial Revolution Start in Britain

The main goal of this paper is to provide an integrated overview of the literature devoted to identifying the causes of the British industrial revolution. Why did the industrial revolution, a fascinating and multifaceted event which brought about modern economic growth, occur in eighteenth-century Britain? This question has animated a lot of discussions among scholars and is still nowadays heatedly debated in the literature. This debate is reflected in the large spectrum of theories which aim at explaining the true origins of the British industrialization. The paper first sheds light on a rising debate concerning the evolution of British incomes per capita before the British industrial revolution and the “Great Divergence”. The paper then investigates the proposed causes of the British industrialization, aggregating them into seven broad categories, i.e. (1) geography and natural resources, (2) demography, (3) agricultural progress, (4) urbanization and consumer revolution, (5) trade and empire, (6) institutional and political factors, (7) science, technology, and human capital.
Influence of contemporary leadership on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention

This empirical research investigates the influence of the construction project managers’ contemporary leadership (CL) on the job satisfaction (JS), organizational commitment (OC), and turnover intention (TI) of the civil engineers in the Thai setting. A sequential explanatory mixed method was used in the study whereby the quantitative research was carried out with a sample of 450 civil engineers using a validated questionnaire and a structural equation model. An in-depth interview with another 10 civil engineers was subsequently conducted and the qualitative findings compared against the quantitative results. The quantitative results revealed that CL exerted a direct positive influence on JS and OC and a direct negative influence on TI. The qualitative findings were mostly agreeable with the quantitative results except for the OC aspect where the interviewees attached the greatest value to the OC’s monetary components, as opposed to the quantitative results.
Activation of toll‐like receptor 3 protects against DSS‐induced acute colitis

Background: Mimetics of bacterial DNA, given orally or subcutaneously, protect mice from experimental colitis via a toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐9‐dependent mechanism. The goal of the study was to define whether synthetic viral RNA, polyinosinic acid:cytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], which is also a potent immunomodulator, might also affect murine colitis and, if so, define whether such effects were mediated by TLR3, which is one of at least 4 known receptors for this viral RNA analog. Methods: Mice (C57BL6, IL‐10KO, or TLR3 KO) were administered 1.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days. Two hours before treatment with DSS, mice were given phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) or poly(I:C) 20 &mgr;g subcutaneously (s.c.), or 100 &mgr;g intragastrically (i.g.). Results: In wildtype mice s.c. administration of poly(I:C) dramatically protected against DSS‐induced colitis as assessed by every parameter analyzed, which included body weight, rectal bleeding, colonic myeloperoxidase, histopathology, serum keratinocyte‐derived chemokine, serum amyloid A, and lipocalin‐2. In contrast, i.g. administration of poly(I:C) offered no protection in this colitis model nor did its administration activate the innate immune system as assessed by serologic parameters. Subcutaneous poly(I:C) protected against DSS‐induced colitis equally well in C57BL6 and IL‐10KO mice, indicating that this antiinflammatory cytokine is not required for such protection. Protection against colitis given by poly(I:C) treatment was ablated in TLR3 KO, indicating that the protective action of this viral RNA analog was mediated by this receptor. Conclusions: Activation of TLR3 on cells that are accessible by systemic, but not oral, administration of synthetic viral RNA results in protection against the acute inflammation that can ensue upon damage of the gut epithelium. Thus, this viral RNA analog, which is under clinical trials for other inflammatory disorders (e.g., lupus), may also have therapeutic value for inflammatory bowel disease. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007)
Survey of Lean management practices in Pakistani industrial sectors

This research was undertaken to study the implementation and adoption of Lean management practices across several industrial sectors in Pakistan. A total of 100 companies were surveyed across five industries. The objective was to determine if there was disparity in the implementation of Lean practices and to provide a yardstick to measure that disparity. Furthermore, this study identified Lean management best practices across several industries in Pakistan, thus providing benchmarks for other industrial sectors. The data collected was analysed using various descriptive statistical methods. The results indicated robust adoption and implementation of Lean practices in Pakistani industry, though there were few areas which still require greater acceptance, and hence implementation rates in these areas are modest.
PENGARUH BAURAN PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN NASABAH DALAM MENGGUNAKAN TABUNGAN iB HASANAH PADA PT. BNI SYARIAH CABANG PALU

The research aims to find out the influence of mix promotion on customer decision in using iB Hasanah saving at PT. BNI Syariah Branch Palu. The variable used are advertisement (X1), selling promotion (X2), relationship between people (X3), personal selling (X4), direct marketing (X5), as well as variable customer decision (Y). This is a quantitative research. Sample consists of 72 respondents who are the customers of iB Hasanah saving at PT. BNI Syariah Branch Palu. Method of analysis is multiple linear regressions. The research results indicate that variable of mix promotion simultaneously affect on customer decision. Advertisement partially affect on customer decision, while selling promotion, people relationship, personal selling, and direct marketing partially have non-significant influence on customer decision. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bauran promosi terhadap keputusan pelanggan dalam menggunakan tabungan iB Hasanah pada PT. BNI Syariah Cabang Palu, variabel yang digunakan adalah variabel iklan (X1), variabel promosi penjualan (X2), variabel hubungan masyarakat (X3), variabel penjualan personal (X4), pemasaran langsung (X5), serta variabel keputusan pelanggan (Y). Ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 72 responden yang pelanggannya menggunakan tabungan iB Hasanah di PT. BNI Syariah Cabang Palu. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel bauran promosi secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pelanggan. Iklan secara parsial mempengaruhi keputusan pelanggan, promosi penjualan berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap keputusan pelanggan, hubungan masyarakat berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap keputusan pelanggan, penjualan pribadi berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap keputusan pelanggan, pemasaran langsung berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap keputusan pelanggan.
Strategi pengembangan agribisnis Ulat Sutera Pemakan Daun Singkong di Kabupaten Malang

Recently, the needs of silk in the world is about 2,000 tons per year still can not be fulfilled due to lack of silkworm productivity. Indonesia has potential to develop natural silk, its amount of production is not more than 500 tons per year. Therefore, in order to obtain maximum production results, it should be supported by feed sources should be sufficiently sustainable. Cassava leaves can be used as an alternative feed on the silkworm’s farming which is call Samia cynthia ricini. The availability of its feed sources is abundant and the quality is extremely good. This study aims to: 1) analyse the feasibility level of agribusiness in cassava leaves silkworm eaters in Malang district, 2) describe the best marketing strategy based on SWOT analysis. The method used in this research was economic feasibility analysis or cost-benefit analysis which used to identify benefit, NPV and IRR. The results of the research indicate that the silkworm farming is profitable, with profit at 21.753. 000,- annually; with B/C ratio of 1,074, NPV value is at Rp 144.287. 115,- for a up to 5 years of cash flows, and the IRR value is at 2,896%. The application of development strategy in cassava leaves silkworm eaters should be based on internal and external factor in SWOT analysis, S-O, S-T, W-O and W-T.
Use of component-based software architectures in industrial control systems

When different business units of an international company are responsible for the development of different parts of a large system, a component-based software architecture may be a good alternative to more traditional, monolithic architectures. The new common control system, developed by ABB to replace several existing control systems, must incorporate support for a large number of I/O systems, communication interfaces, and communication protocols. An activity has therefore been started to redesign the system’s architecture, so that I/O and communication components can be implemented by different development centers around the world. This paper reports on experiences from this effort, describing the system, its current software architecture, the new component-based architecture, and the lessons learned so far. 84 Use of Component-Based Software Architectures in Industrial Control Systems
Exploring Economic Implications of Sustainable Rural Tourism For Local Community In Nigeria

The recent economic recession and the drastic fall in international crude oil price depicts that Nigeria need to restrategise from its monolithic economy to other economic option. Tourism has shown that it has economic and social force to reshape economies of developing countries. This paper therefore examined sustainable rural tourism and its economic implication for local community: in Nigeria. The study highlighted criticisms of sustainable tourism and its applicability on local community and the need to conserve the tourist products for sustainability. The study noted that quality of life in rural communities is poor due to weak basic social infrastructures (education, health and access to credit) that will enhance economic growth. This study argues that economic survival of communities in developing countries is gradually depending on rural tourism.as an emerging industry that generates substantial economic benefits to local communities and tourists host countries. The study concludes that Nigeria as a developing country should explore the potentials of sustainable rural tourism as a way to boost the economy and also ensure the sustainability of the tourists products.
Freud, Piaget, or neither? Beliefs in controlling others by wishful thinking and magical behavior in young children.

Tests showed that 4- to 6-year-old children believe that people can be influenced or "controlled" both by thinking (e.g., both wishful thinking and magical behavior) and by realistic means (e.g., positive reinforcement, example, and group pressure). Belief in control by thinking did not vary by the subjects' sex or age, influence type (wishing or magical behavior), or target response (behavior, emotion, or thought). Quantitative measures, however, suggested that magical behavior was seen by subjects as being more efficient than wishing, and that emotion was considered easier to influence than thinking. Beliefs in control by thinking were not related to a measure of fantasy-reality differentiation (realism).
Detectable Viral Load Aggravates Immunosenescence Features of CD8 T-Cell Subsets in Vertically HIV-Infected Children

Background:CD8 T cells are crucial in the immune responses against HIV infection, but HIV-infected adults suffer a naive CD8 T-cell depletion and accelerated senescence caused by chronic antigen stimulation. Although HIV-infected children preserve a better immune reconstitution capacity their CD8 responses are defective. We wanted to know, whether HIV vertical transmission produces a premature aging of the CD8 population due to antigen exposition to HIV from birth and persistent chronic activation. Methods:We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional study that compared vertically HIV-infected children with detectable (viremic) or undetectable (aviremic) viral load and age-matched healthy children. Using multiparameter flow cytometry, we studied within the CD8 population the frequencies of naive, memory, effector memory (effector memory), and TemRA subsets and measured markers of senescence, activation, and proliferation in these cells. Results:We found that naive subset in viremic children was markedly decreased and had a replicative senescence phenotype. Furthermore, viremic children showed increased frequencies of memory, TEM and TemRA CD8 T cells, with a more activated and replicative senescence phenotype. We found that HIV-infected children with undetectable viral load have an increased senescence in memory and effector CD8 T cells, but the frequencies and phenotype of the CD8 subsets analyzed are comparable to healthy children. Conclussions:Our study shows that CD8 T cells of HIV-infected children have a more senescent phenotype when compared with age-matched healthy children. Interestingly enough, our results support the importance of maintaining undetectable viral load in HIV-infected children to avoid the premature ageing and dysfunction of CD8 T cells.
Electron-Induced Displacement Damage Effects in CCDs

We compare differences in parametric degradation for CCDs irradiated to the same displacement damage dose with 2-MeV, 10-MeV, and 50-MeV electrons. Charge transfer efficiency degradation was observed to not scale well with non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL) for small signals. Short term annealing of mean dark current in a CCD sample irradiated with 2-MeV electrons at -85C is discussed, as well as additional annealing achieved by warming to temperatures up to and including room temperature. In contrast, charge transfer inefficiency was not observed to anneal following room temperature cycling for the sample irradiated at -85C
Antecedents, symptom progression, and long-term outcome of the deficit syndrome in schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE The authors explore the antecedents, symptom progression, and long-term outcome of patients diagnosed as having the deficit syndrome, a putative domain of psychopathology and subtype of schizophrenia defined by Carpenter's group. METHOD Patients from the Chestnut Lodge Follow-Up Study were retrospectively rediagnosed as having deficit (N = 46) or nondeficit (N = 141) forms of schizophrenia by using the criteria of Carpenter's group. Patients with deficit and nondeficit forms of schizophrenia were compared in relation to symptom progression between first and index admission, natural history and course of illness, and long-term outcome assessed at follow-up a mean of 19 years after index admission. RESULTS 1) Significantly fewer patients with the deficit form of schizophrenia were married before illness onset, but few other differences between patients with deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia emerged. 2) Illness onset was often insidious for patients with the deficit syndrome; once established, the illness was nearly always continuous with few remissions, and its course appeared unreactive to life events. 3) Negative symptoms among patients with the deficit syndrome were often present at illness onset and progressed in severity over the first 5 years of illness; thought disorder and bizarre behavior also increased in severity over time. 4) Once established, the deficit syndrome was highly stable. 5) The deficit syndrome was associated with a very high risk of poor outcome and long-term disability. 6) None of the patients with the deficit syndrome were known to have committed suicide. CONCLUSIONS The data support the validity of the deficit syndrome as a subtype of schizophrenia with a relatively distinct natural history.
Complications of thalassemia major and their treatment

The life of patients with thalassemia has improved both in duration and in quality in industrialized countries. Complications are still common and include heart disease (heart failure and arrhythmias), chronic liver hepatitis, which can evolve in cirrhosis and, rarely, in hepatocellular carcinoma, endocrine problems (hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, diabetes, hypoparathyroidism), stunted growth, osteoporosis, thrombophilia and pseudoxanthoma elasticum. The incidence of complications is decreasing in younger cohorts of patients who have been transfused with blood that has been screened for viruses and thanks to the introduction of new oral iron chelators and imaging methods. The accurate measurement of iron deposits allows better management of iron overload. In addition, therapy for several complications is available. Specialized competence in treating patients with thalassemia is of great importance.
Large deviations for independent random variables – Application to Erdös-Renyi's functional law of large numbers

A Large Deviation Principle (LDP) is proved for the family 1 n � n 1 f(x n ) · Z n where the de- terministic probability measure 1 n � n 1 δx n i converges weakly to a probability measure R and (Z n i )i∈N are R d -valued independent random variables whose distribution depends on x n and satisfies the following exponential moments condition: sup i,n Ee α ∗ |Zn i | < +∞ for some 0 <α ∗ < +∞. In this context, the identification of the rate function is non-trivial due to the absence of equidistribu- tion. We rely on fine convex analysis to address this issue. Among the applications of this result, we extend Erdos and Renyi's functional law of large numbers.
Multichannel hierarchical image classification using multivariate copulas

This paper focuses on the classification of multichannel images. The proposed supervised Bayesian classification method applied to histological (medical) optical images and to remote sensing (optical and synthetic aperture radar) imagery consists of two steps. The first step introduces the joint statistical modeling of the coregistered input images. For each class and each input channel, the class-conditional marginal probability density functions are estimated by finite mixtures of well-chosen parametric families. For optical imagery, the normal distribution is a well-known model. For radar imagery, we have selected generalized gamma, log-normal, Nakagami and Weibull distributions. Next, the multivariate d-dimensional Clayton copula, where d can be interpreted as the number of input channels, is applied to estimate multivariate joint class-conditional statistics. As a second step, we plug the estimated joint probability density functions into a hierarchical Markovian model based on a quadtree structure. Multiscale features are extracted by discrete wavelet transforms, or by using input multiresolution data. To obtain the classification map, we integrate an exact estimator of the marginal posterior mode.
Grass pollen immunotherapy: efficacy and safety during a 4‐year follow‐up study

Grass pollen immunotherapy is effective, although efficacy must be balanced against side‐effects. In a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of 40 adult patients with summer hay fever, immunotherapy with a depot grass pollen extract (Phleum pratense, Alutard SQ) reduced symptoms and medication requirements with an acceptable minimal level of side‐effects (31). The original placebo group, as well as the actively treated group, have now received active immunotherapy in an open fashion for a further 3 years. An important question was whether continued injection treatment was accompanied by maintained clinical improvement. By analysis of diary symptoms, rescue medication, and visual analogue scores during the pollen season, we show that efficacy was maintained throughout the 3–4‐year study period. Clinical improvement was accompanied by a sustained and marked decrease in immediate conjunctival allergen sensitivity and a further significant decrease in the size of the allergen‐induced late cutaneous response. In contrast, an initial decrease in the allergen‐induced immediate cutaneous response was not maintained at 3–4 years. Of the patients, 37/40 completed the first year, 33/40 the second year, and 32/40 the third year of treatment. Patients dropped out for reasons other than the outcome of immunotherapy. During a total of 2598 injections, five immediate systemic reactions were observed, all during the induction (not maintenance) phase, and all occurred within 10 min of injection and responded promptly to adrenaline. Grass pollen immunotherapy is effective and safe, provided it is performed on carefully selected patients by trained physicians with immediate access to resuscitative measures.
BSR and BHPR guideline for the management of adults with ANCA-associated vasculitis.

The ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAVs) are heterogeneous, multisystem disorders characterized by inflammation and necrosis of small and medium blood vessels with unknown aetiology. Three distinct clinico-pathological syndromes have been identified: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis. The Chapel Hill Consensus Conference (CHCC) in 2012 updated the definitions, however, there are still no validated diagnostic criteria. The aim of this document is to provide guidelines for the management of adults with AAV. The target audience is rheumatologists, nephrologists, general physicians, specialists, trainees and nurse practitioners. The guideline does not cover the management of other systemic vasculitides or the treatment of children. This is a short summary of the guideline. The full guideline is available as supplementary material, available at Rheumatology Online. For definitions of levels of evidence and recommendation strength see Tables 1 and 2.