Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Two Different Attachments with Implant Retained Mandibular Overdentures on the Masticatory Function

Statement of problem: The improvement of the oral function of implant retained mandibular overdentures may depend on the degree of retention and stability of the denture and thus on the type of attachment. Purpose of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate of the effect of two different attachment designs with different resiliency of implant retained mandibular overdentures on the masticatory function. Methods: Twelve completely edentulous patients were selected for the study each patient received two interforaminal implants in the canine areas of the mandible using standardized two-stage surgical technique. Implants were left unloaded for three months. Six of the patients received implant overdenture with ball and socket attachment first then the same denture was modified to receive positioner attachment. The other six patients received the implant overdenture with positioner first then the same denture was modified to receive ball and socket. Muscle activity and maximum muscle activity of both temporalis and masseter muscles were recorded during chewing cake, peanut and during clenching with using the electromyography. Results: Muscle activity and maximum muscle activity showed higher results with the positioner attachment in both masseter and temporalis muscles although the difference was not statistically significant. Masseter muscle showed higher results in both types of the attachments. Conclusion: The positioner attachment might be selected over Ball & Socket attachment when designing a two implant retained mandibular overdentures since it is more superior from the masticatory function point of view.
Inflation Target Shocks and Monetary Policy Inertia in the Euro Area

The Euro area as a whole has experienced a marked downward trend in inflation over the past decades and, concomitantly, a protracted period of depressed activity. Can permanent and gradual shifts in monetary policy be held responsible for these dynamics? To answer this question, we embed serially correlated changes in the inflation target into a DSGE model with real and nominal frictions. The formal Bayesian estimation of the model suggests that gradual changes in the inflation target have played a major role in the Euro area business cycle. Following an inflation target shock, the real interest rate increases sharply and persistently, leading to a protracted decline in economic activity. Counter--factual exercises show that, had monetary policy implemented its new inflation objective at a faster rate, the Euro zone would have experienced more sustained growth than it actually did. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Effect of Prill Fat and Rumen Protected Choline Supplementation on Feed Intake, Body Weight Changes and Economics of Lactating Murrah Buffaloes

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of prill fat and rumen protected choline supplementation on daily dry matter intake, body weight changes and economics in lactating Murrah buffaloes (n=18) divided into three equal groups (Control, T1 and T2). Buffaloes in all the three groups were fed similar basal diet as total mixed ration comprising of berseem green fodder, wheat straw and concentrate mixture. Buffaloes in T1 group were daily supplemented with prill fat @ 2.5% of total DMI whereas; buffaloes in T2 group were daily supplemented with 54 g rumen protected choline along with same quantity of prill fat as supplemented in T1 group. Fortnightly and overall dry matter intake and body weight of experimental buffaloes was comparable in all the three groups. Net profit/animal/day (`) was increased by 3.12 and 8.25% in T1 and T2 groups over the control. Thus it was concluded that supplementing prill fat in the ration of lactating Murrah buffaloes increased the net profit without any significant effect on dry matter intake and body weight changes, which was furthermore enhanced by supplementing the ration with rumen protected choline.
Childhood Leprosy in Northern India

Abstract: During a period of eight years, 132 new leprosy cases were detected in children ages 3 to 19 years. Borderline tuberculoid leprosy was present in 59%, tuberculoid in 7.6%, and indeterminate type in 3.8% patients. Single skin lesions were seen in a significant number (43.9%) of patients. Bacillus‐positive disease was detected more often (17.4%) than in adults. A high frequency (66.6%) of nerve involvement was also detected. Deformities were uncommon. Males were more often affected than females, especially in the ages 10 to 14 and 15 to 19 years. A history of contact was available in only 19.7% patients, and the contact was intrafamilial in 84.6%.
Rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection by immunofluorescent antibody techniques.

of the preclinical studies. They stressed the importance of extending this teaching into the clinical years. Also regarded as essential was the more advanced teaching of immunology as a science in its own right in elective undergraduate courses and in postgraduate courses to serve as an introduction to research. It was recommended that this teaching should be the responsibility of a group of immunologists constituting a distinct designated unit or subdepartment with established posts of senior academic standing up to and including professorial ranking. The immunology division could be associated with departments of biology, biochemistry, physiology, microbiology, pathology, or medicine. It would be beneficial, in fact, if the associations varied from university to university, for immunology has large intersections with all these subjects. Obviously immunopathology as such would be best promoted by close association with departments of pathology. In this respect I would prefer to see departments of " pathological and related studies" of somewhat elastic structure but with established professorial divisions or subdepartments of morbid anatomy, chemical pathology, experimental pathology, haematology, microbiology (bacteriology, virology, or parasitology), and immunology. This, I think, would accord well with the ideas of Payling Wright (1963) when he discussed the future of university pathology. One of the main aims of the College of Pathologists is, I believe, that of ensuring the standards and professional status of what is essentially clinical pathology. This is to be done to a large extent, I gather, by prescribing professional training and by a system of examinations. I am a little worried lest, while achieving this aim, many young persons may be deflected from following a more academic career in the sciences having these large intersections with pathology as generally defined. My more personal concern is, of course, for young medical, veterinary, or science graduates coming into immunology. If they are subsequently to bring seminal ideas from the immunological side into immunopathology and to be able to lead and direct research in this field, then a more esoteric form of postgraduate training within immunology is most desirable. This may be done as B.Sc. or M.Sc. courses or by undertaking research under supervision for the Ph.D. degree, or, indeed, by simply doing good work within the field, and it seems to me this should not leave the pathologist, for such he may call himself, unaccredited in professional standing. I am sure, however, that the College is very conscious of this very problem and will succeed, as is its avowed intention, in promoting not only the practice of pathology-and here the emphasis is on clinical pathology-but also the various contributing sciences which together establish so much of that body of knowledge we call pathology.
Expression of Non‐Phosphorylatable Paxillin Mutants in Canine Tracheal Smooth Muscle Inhibits Tension Development

The adapter protein paxillin has been implicated in the regulation of cytoskeletal organization and cell motility. Paxillin undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation in response to the contractile stimulation of smooth muscle, and the depletion of paxillin by antisense inhibits smooth muscle contraction. In the present study, acetylcholine (ACh)‐stimulation of tracheal smooth muscle tissues increased paxillin phosphorylation at tyr‐31 and tyr‐118 by three‐ to fourfold. The role of tyr‐31 and tyr‐118 phosphorylation of paxillin in smooth muscle was evaluated by introducing plasmids encoding wild type paxillin or paxillin mutants F31, F118 or F31/118 (phenylalanine substitution at tyrosine sites 31, 118) into tracheal smooth muscle strips by reversible permeabilization, and incubating the tissues for 2 days. The expression of recombinant proteins was confirmed by immunoblot and immunofluorescence analysis. Expression of the paxillin mutants F31, F118 or F31/118 inhibited the contractile response to ACh stimulation but did not inhibit the increase in myosin light chain phosphorylation. The expression of wild type paxillin had no significant affect on force or myosin light chain phosphorylation. ACh stimulation reduced G‐actin/F‐actin ratio in tissues expressing wild type paxillin; whereas the agonist‐induced decrease in G‐actin/F‐actin was inhibited in strips expressing paxillin mutant F31/118. The paxillin mutant F31/118 showed a marked decrease in their interaction with the SH2/SH3 adaptor protein CrkII but not with vinculin or focal adhesion kinase. We conclude that paxillin phosphorylation at tyr‐31 and tyr‐118 regulates active tension development during contractile stimulation. Paxillin phosphorylation at these two sites may be important in regulating actin filament dynamics and organization during smooth muscle contraction.
Therapeutic and Prophylactic Potential of Morama (Tylosema esculentum): A Review

Tylosema esculentum (morama) is a highly valued traditional food and source of medicine for the San and other indigenous populations that inhabit the arid to semi‐arid parts of Southern Africa. Morama beans are a rich source of phenolic acids, flavonoids, certain fatty acids, non‐essential amino acids, certain phytosterols, tannins and minerals. The plant's tuber contains griffonilide, behenic acid and starch. Concoctions of extracts from morama bean, tuber and other local plants are frequently used to treat diarrhoea and digestive disorders by the San and other indigenous populations. Information on composition and bioactivity of phytochemical components of T. esculentum suggests that the polyphenol‐rich extracts of the bean testae and cotyledons have great potential as sources of chemicals that inhibit infectious microorganisms (viral, bacterial and fungal, including drug‐resistant strains), offer protection against certain non‐communicable diseases and promote wound healing and gut health. The potential antinutritional properties of a few morama components are also highlighted. More research is necessary to reveal the full prophylactic and therapeutic potential of the plant against diseases of the current century. Research on domestication and conservation of the plant offers new hope for sustainable utilisation of the plant. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anisotropic diffusion by Quadratic Regularization

A brush adapted for cleaning of the teeth, mouth, and gums of the user, comprising a toothbrush handle, ordinary toothbrush bristles affixed to one surface of a brush head at one end of said handle (hereinafter deemed the "brush end") in the usual and customary manner, and shorter, softer bristles, (hereinafter deemed "mouth bristles") for cleaning of the interior of the mouth and for massaging of the gums affixed to all surfaces of the above-mentioned brush head at the brush end of the toothbrush handle.
Challenges and Issues in Adult Intensive Care Nursing

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a standardized primary health assessment instrument (SPHAI) that can be used to assess the health problems and care needs of home-bound clients at the primary level. For this, the preeminent experts in the field were identified and, after an intensive literature review, a preliminary instrument was established. The 25 panelists then participated in a three-round Delphi survey method to identify those items that had a content validity index of 0.8 and over. This led to an instrument composed of 5domains, 19 components, and 43items. This instrument was then reviewed from 316 homecare nurses working for three types of home health care programs in Korea. The nurses assessed the tool in terms of item variation and redundancy, and to determine its internal consistency and reliability. The responses suggested that the SPHAI is suitable for use in all three programs in terms of identifying homebound clients, developing guidelines for evidence-based care, and improving documentation. However, the present study should be regarded as an exploratory study: the feasibility of the SPHAI should be tested by nation-wide empirical studies that are funded by the Korean government.
A shallow water spectral wave model

A shallow water spectral wave prediction model based on a numerical solution of the radiative transfer equation is presented. The model is second generation and uses a simple yet effective representation for the nonlinear source term. In addition, the model pays particular attention to the shallow water processes of refraction, shoaling, bottom friction, and wave breaking. The flexibility of the model is demonstrated by an intercomparison with field data from a number of tropical cyclones. The turning winds from such storms provide a demanding test of model physics. The comparisons are in both deep and shallow water.
Monoclonal Epstein‐Barr virus genomes but lack of EBV‐related protein expression in different types of gastric carcinoma

Thirty‐nine resection specimens of gastric carcinomas have been investigated for the presence of EBV RNA sequences using a highly sensitive non‐radioactive in situ hybridization technique. Transcribed EBER sequences were found in seven (18%), including four cases of undifferentiated carcinoma with prominent lymphoid infiltration and three gastric adenocarcinomas. In the positive tumours all, or nearly all, tumour nuclei were distinctly labelled. No positive signals could be detected in the non‐dysplastic epithelial cells or the reactive inflammatory infiltrate. Clonality analysis using specific probes to the variable tandem repeat region of the EBV yielded single episomal bands in all four cases tested, two of which were undifferentiated carcinomas and two adenocarcinomas. By means of immunohistology, no expression of the EBV‐related proteins LMP or EBNA‐2 was present in tumour cells of positive cases in in situ or blotting attempts. Our results suggest that infection of gastric carcinomas by the EB virus occurs early in tumourigenesis but, in contrast to nasopharyngeal carcinomas, does not result in the expression of EBV‐specific proteins.
Effects of Plasma Activation on Hydrophilic Bonding of Si and SiO2

Low-temperature bonding of wafers has been studied utilizing reactive ion etching-mode plasma activation. The hydrophilic Si and thermally oxidized Si wafers were exposed to N 2 , Ar, or O 2 plasma prior to bonding in air or vacuum. After plasma treatment the wafers were cleaned in RCA-1 solution and/or deionized water. Strong bonding was achieved at 200°C with all the investigated plasma gases, if proper bonding and cleaning procedures were used. Extended RCA-I cleaning deteriorated the bond strength, but a short cleaning improved bonding. We found that the activation of the thermal oxide has a larger influence on the bond strength than the activation of the native oxide surface in Si/oxide wafer pairs. We suggest that the plasma treatment induces a highly disordered surface structure which enhances the diffusion of the water from the bonded interface. As a result of the plasma exposure the number of the surface OH groups is greatly increased enabling strong bonding at a low temperature.
Matrix-metalloproteinases in Hodgkin lymphoma.

BACKGROUND Classical Hodgkin lymphomas are characterized by relatively few tumour cells and prominent proliferation of plasma cells, histiocytes, lymphocytes and eosinophils. In addition there is a varying degree of sclerosis, which is especially prominent in nodular sclerosis. These morphological peculiarities led to the idea that the interaction between tumour cells and bystander cells as well as the extracellular matrix may be important in Hodgkin lymphomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four classical Hodgkin lymphomas (CHL) were analysed regarding the expression of EMMPRIN, MMP-2, -7, -9, -10 and-11 using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The tumour cells were positive for EMMPRIN in 100% of the cases. In 82% of CHL the Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells (HRS) were negative for MMP-2. In contrast the surrounding non-neoplastic cells were MMP-2-positive in 71% of the cases. The HRS cells stained positive for MMP-7 in 68% of CHL, whereas only a few surrounding cells were positive for this marker. In all but one case (97%) the HRS cells were negative for MMP-9. However, the surrounding cells stained positive in 32%, thus resembling the staining pattern for MMP-2. Only scattered cells of both populations, HRS cells as well as bystander cells, stained for MMP-10 and -11, and no specific staining pattern was observed. CONCLUSION Our data indicate a complex interaction between tumour cells and bystander cells with regard to metalloproteinases. The expression of EMMPRIN in the tumour cells may induce the expression of MMP-2 in the surrounding non-neoplastic cells. MMP-2 can be activated by MMP-7, which is expressed in the tumour cells. It is tempting to speculate that an interruption of this cycle could be of therapeutic benefit.
Pedestrian effects in indoor UWB off-body communication channels

Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology offers a promising solution for future indoor high-speed, low-power wireless body centric communications. Development and design of such systems requires detailed understanding of the indoor off-body UWB channel, which to date has been scarcely investigated. This paper presents results for a series of controlled experiments that were aimed at developing a better understanding of pedestrian effects on UWB links in the indoor environment. Swept-frequency based measurements were carried out with a pedestrian interrupting the dominant line of sight path while following a pre-defined trajectory between a static transmitter antenna and bodyworn receiver antennas. Wideband path gain, peak shadow loss, and time delay parameters such as RMS delay spread and mean excess delay are presented. The results emphasize that off-body UWB channel-characteristics are affected by pedestrian-activity in the local environment.
Transforming growth factor-beta1 suppresses airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic airway disease.

RATIONALE Asthma is characterized by increases in airway resistance, pulmonary remodeling, and lung inflammation. The cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta has been shown to have a central role in asthma pathogenesis and in mouse models of allergic airway disease. OBJECTIVES To determine the contribution of TGF-beta to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), we examined the time course, source, and isoform specificity of TGF-beta production in an in vivo mouse asthma model. To then elucidate the function of TGF-beta in AHR, inflammation, and pulmonary fibrosis, we examined the effects of blocking TGF-beta signaling with neutralizing antibody. METHODS Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to establish allergic airway disease. TGF-beta activity was neutralized by intranasal administration of monoclonal antibody. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS TGF-beta1 protein levels were increased in OVA-challenged lungs versus naive controls, and airway epithelial cells were shown to be a likely source of TGF-beta1. In addition, TGF-beta1 levels were elevated in OVA-exposed IL-5-null mice, which fail to recruit eosinophils into the airways. Neutralization of TGF-beta1 with specific antibody had no significant effect on airway inflammation and eosinophilia, although anti-TGF-beta1 antibody enhanced OVA-induced AHR and suppressed pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS These data show that TGF-beta1 is the main TGF-beta isoform produced after OVA challenge, with a likely cellular source being the airway epithelium. The effects of blocking TGF-beta1 signaling had differential effects on AHR, fibrosis, and inflammation. While TGF-beta neutralization may be beneficial to abrogating airway remodeling, it may be detrimental to lung function by increasing AHR.
Integrating hypnosis into a comprehensive smoking cessation intervention: Comments on past and present studies

Tobacco use kills approximately 450,000 people annually in the U.S. It is the most important preventable cause of death. More than 70% of smokers report wanting to quit smoking in a given year, and almost 50% of smokers try to quit every year. Approximately 7% succeed, however, if they try to quit on their own without any treatment. Available treatments, which range from practical advice to cognitive-behavioral cornseliig, from pharmacological therapy to combination therapy, boost the overall quit rates to 1530%. Overcoming tobacco use and dependence is so difficult, but the desire among smokers to quit is so widely spread, it is prudent that new therapies and combinations of therapies continue to be developed at all times. The paper, "Freedom From Smoking: Integrating Hypnotic Methods and Rapid Smoking to Facilitate Smoking Cessation," by Dr. Barber, is very important and timely in providing an alternate and effective treatment option to help smokers overcome their dependence. The methods that are described in the paper, rapid smoking behavioral treatment and hypnotic suggestions, showed promising results in combination. This intensive treatment, however, might be applicable only for those who are highly committed to quitting and are able to seek out a clinician's help. Rapid smoking, an aversive behavioral technique, has been reported to result in quit rates of 17% to 20% during a standard 1-year follow-up (Fiore et al., 2000). However, reports of rapid smoking as a form of smoking cessation treatment diminished considerably when nicotine replacement products (polacrilex gum, transdermal patch, nasal spray, and inhaler) became more widely available in the 1990s. Hypnosis as a treatment or treatment component, on the other hand, has produced a wide variety of outcomes as an aid for smoking cessation. The success rates range from 4% to go%, with many studies reporting at