Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Indigenous Australians’ Labour Force Participation Rates and Access to Transport

This paper examines the factors associated with the labour force participation rates of Indigenous Australians. Emphasis is placed on the role that vehicle ownership, holding a valid driver's licence and having access to public transport has on Indigenous Australians' labour force participation decisions. Access to transportation has been widely regarded as a key barrier to employment for many minority groups, including the Indigenous population. The paper finds that Indigenous Australians who own a car or have a driver's licence have a higher probability of participating in the labour market. Indigenous Australians with cars or driver's licences also have a higher probability of being an active job seeker relative to those not in the labour force. The findings suggest that improved access to transportation for the Indigenous population should have a positive impact on their employment outcomes.
The Role of the Audit Firm Governance in Enhancing Audit Market Stability

Across the world there have been important regulation related to the audit matters. Significant efforts have been made in recent years to improve the audit firm trustfully with a focus on the significance of corporate governance for the market perception of the audit firm quality. The IAASB published in 2020 the exposure draft on “Fraud and going concern in an audit of financial statements” and the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) and Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) updated in 2016 the Audit Firm Governance Code. Good corporate governance and the related effects on market reputation of audit firm could reduce the market concentration of the BIG4. This study looks at whether or not, and if so, in the UK market the corporate governance of the audit firms is correlated with the market share of audit firms in order to support the efforts of standard setters to improve the corporate governance of audit firms and to enrich the academic literature on this topic. Enhancing corporate governance practice in non BIG4 audit firm could affect the perception of audit quality of the smaller accounting firms and improve their market share.
The usefulness of real estate prices and values register in appraisal by comparative methods, on the basis of Lublin voivodeship registers

The article constitutes the part of broader studies on the issue of practical usefulness of public registers, comprising the databases on real property, in tasks related to real estate appraisal. It includes the results of research on the scope in which geodetic public registers (Land and buildings register as well as the Register of Prices and Values of Real estate) collect essential or only useful data to the process of land property appraisal. Presented analyses are demonstrated on the examples of above-mentioned registers, conducted in the offices of the district authorities in Lublin Voivodeship. The results of prepared analyses are critical. The researched public registers, operating in the current condition, do not have formal possibilities of collecting the range of essential information on properties. The studies showed that even though architects of databases, implemented in the departments of geodesy in some offices of district authorities, anticipated the possibility of registering specific useful data, nevertheless in practice appropriate fields of relevant registers remain unused.
Phylogeography of the human mitochondrial haplogroup L3e: a snapshot of African prehistory and Atlantic slave trade

The mtDNA haplogroup L3e, which is identified by the restriction site +2349 MboI within the Afro‐Eurasian superhaplogroup L3 (−3592 HpaI), is omnipresent in Africa but virtually absent in Eurasia (except for neighbouring areas with limited genetic exchange). L3e was hitherto poorly characterised in terms of HVS‐I motifs, as the ancestral HVS‐I type of L3e cannot be distinguished from the putative HVS‐I ancestor of the entire L3 (differing from the CRS by a transition at np 16223). An MboI screening at np 2349 of a large number of Brazilian and Caribbean mtDNAs (encompassing numerous mtDNAs of African ancestry), now reveals that L3e is subdivided into four principal clades, each characterised by a single mutation in HVS‐I, with additional support coming from HVS‐II and partial RFLP analysis. The apparently oldest of these clades (transition at np 16327) occurs mainly in central Africa and was probably carried to southern Africa with the Bantu expansion(s). The most frequent clade (transition at np 16320) testifies to a pronounced expansion event in the mid‐Holocene and seems to be prominent in many Bantu groups from all of Africa. In contrast, one clade (transition at np 16264) is essentially restricted to Atlantic western Africa (including Cabo Verde). We propose a tentative L3e phylogeny that is based on 197 HVS‐I sequences. We conclude that haplogroup L3e originated in central or eastern Africa about 46,000 (±14,000) years ago, and was a hitchhiker of much later dispersal and local expansion events, with the rise of food production and iron smelting. Enforced migration of African slaves to the Americas translocated L3e mitochondria, the descendants of which in Brazil and the Caribbean still reflect their different regional African ancestries.
Fast single image dehazing based on image fusion

Abstract. Images captured in foggy weather conditions often fade the colors and reduce the contrast of the observed objects. An efficient image fusion method is proposed to remove haze from a single input image. First, the initial medium transmission is estimated based on the dark channel prior. Second, the method adopts an assumption that the degradation level affected by haze of each region is the same, which is similar to the Retinex theory, and uses a simple Gaussian filter to get the coarse medium transmission. Then, pixel-level fusion is achieved between the initial medium transmission and coarse medium transmission. The proposed method can recover a high-quality haze-free image based on the physical model, and the complexity of the proposed method is only a linear function of the number of input image pixels. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can allow a very fast implementation and achieve better restoration for visibility and color fidelity compared to some state-of-the-art methods.
Effect of 24‐hour whole‐blood storageon plasma clotting factors

BACKGROUND: The current requirements for the preparation of fresh‐frozen plasma within 8 hours of whole‐blood collection were designed to maintain clotting factor activities. These requirements, however, limit the production of fresh‐frozen plasma in a large blood center. There are few data on the effect of the extension of CPD whole‐blood storage to 24 hours on clotting factor activity.
The effect of a number of aralkylamines on the oxidation of tyramine by amine oxidase.

In the present experiments determinations were made of the effect on motor activity in rats and on tyramine oxidation by amine oxidase of 39 benzylamine, heta-arylethylamine and aryl-2-aminopropane modifications. In many instances there was observed an excellent positive correlation between the effect of these derivatives on motor activity and amine oxidase inhibition. There were, however, notable exceptions which may be explained by permeability and distribution factors which can markedly influence in vivo results. In other experiments it was found that injection of several 3-amino-1-phenylbutane and 4-amino-1-phenylpentane derivatives in animals produced histopathologically demonstrable damage of the central nervous system. Since enzymatic data on these types of compounds were not available, it appeared desirable to include them in the present studies. All of these agents also exhibited a significant amine oxidase inhibitory effect.
Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial : Results by Sex Mortality and Morbidity During and After Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering

and Jackson T. Wright, Jr Gabriel B. Habib, L. Julian Haywood, Karen Margolis, Jeffrey L. Probstfield, Paul K. Whelton Suzanne Oparil, Barry R. Davis, William C. Cushman, Charles E. Ford, Curt D. Furberg, Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial : Results by Sex Mortality and Morbidity During and After Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Print ISSN: 0194-911X. Online ISSN: 1524-4563 Copyright © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Hypertension doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111. 00213 2013;61:977-986; originally published online March 25, 2013; Hypertension. http://hyper.ahajournals. org/content/61/5/977 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the http://hyper.ahajournals. org/content/suppl/2013/03/25/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111. 00213.DC1. html Data Supplement (unedited) at:
Effects of Interleukin-6 T15A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism on Baseline Peritoneal Solute Transport Rate in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Objective To study the genetic effects of various inflammatory cytokines on peritoneal solute transport rate (PSTR) in incident Korean peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Design Case-control association study. Methods 132 patients with baseline peritoneal equilibration test within 1 – 3 months after starting PD were enrolled. We analyzed the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin-6 (IL-6; -572G/C, T15A), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α; -1031C/T, -863C/A, -308G/A), and IL-10 (-1082A/G, -592A/C) on baseline PSTR. Clinical parameters such as age, gender, presence of diabetes mellitus, comorbidity, C-reactive protein, and residual renal function were also included as covariates. Results The T15A SNP of IL-6 (rs13306435) was associated with PSTR. Patients with TA genotype (n = 18) had significantly lower D4/P creatinine (0.65 ± 0.087 vs 0.73 ± 0.110, p = 0.0046) and higher D4/D0 glucose (0.39 ± 0.174 vs 0.31 ± 0.119, p = 0.027) than patients with TT genotype (n = 114). The log value of the dialysate appearance rate of IL-6 had a strong positive correlation with D4/P creatinine (r2 = 0.1294, p < 0.0001) and was significantly lower in the TA genotype than the TT genotype (201.7 ± 14.42 vs 116.8 ± 88.91 pg/minute, p = 0.0358). By multiple logistic regression, TA genotype was negatively associated with a higher PSTR (high or high average; odds ratio 0.18; 95% confidence interval 0.048 – 0.666). Conclusions In incident Korean PD patients, T15A polymorphism of IL-6 is associated with dialysate IL-6 concentration and baseline PSTR.
Cognitive and behavior therapy in the treatment and prevention of depression.

Steven D. Hollon, Ph.D. is Professor of Psychology at the Vanderbilt University. He received his doctorate from the Florida State University in 1977 with an internship with Aaron Beck at the University of Pennsylvania before joining the faculty at the University of Minnesota. His research focuses on the nature and treatment of depression. He has over 175 publications and has placed numerous students in both academic and clinical research positions. He is a past president of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies and the recipient of a Distinguished Scientist Award from the Society for a Science of Clinical Psychology, the George A. Miller Award for Outstanding Article from the American Psychology Association, and the Award for Distinguished Scientific Contribution to Clinical Psychology from the Society of Clinical Psychology (Division 12) of the American Psychological Association. A former director of clinical training, he maintains an active clinical practice in the context of his research program.
Cardiac Function and Its Evolution with Pulmonary Vasodilator Therapy: A Myocardial Deformation Study

Speckle tracking echocardiography–derived myocardial strain has useful clinical applications in adults with pulmonary hypertension (PH) as well as preterm infants with chronic lung disease. It is considered more sensitive compared to conventional indices. This report presents a 3‐month‐old infant with PH and poor right ventricular function who was treated with inhaled nitric oxide. Myocardial strain was noted to be impaired with paradoxical segmental strain. Impairment in strain improved after inhaled nitric therapy. Strain analysis can help improve understanding of cardiac adaptation in critical clinical situations.
Banking Behavior of Islamic Bank Customers

The Term Islamic Banking is now not remained new in Pakistan. Islamic Banking has gained much recognition in Pakistan Financial Market. The conventional banking sector is the major competitor of Islamic banking. Higher competition demands Islamic banks to be more customers oriented and show superiority in their products and service. In order to acquire major market share, Islamic banks must consider their customers approach, satisfaction and awareness level towards it. Among issues covered in the study were customer’s understandings of Islamic banking in Pakistan and also the awareness, usage and satisfaction level with various Islamic banking products. It further analyzes the bank selection criteria of customers and service quality of bank. The study reveals that there is significant relationship between customers’ awareness of Islamic bank products/services and their education level and also there is relationship between customers’ satisfaction with various products/service and their length of relationship with bank.
Discrepancy between ultrasonography and hysteroscopy and histology of endometrium in postmenopausal breast cancer patients using tamoxifen.

BACKGROUND The increased risk of endometrial carcinoma following the use of tamoxifen has stimulated studies on endometrial diagnostic screening methods. In tamoxifen users the endometrial thickening observed with transvaginal ultrasonography (TVU) frequently cannot be confirmed by hysteroscopy or histology. OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the relationship between TVU and hysteroscopic and histologic endometrial findings in postmenopausal patients using tamoxifen. METHODS Fifty-three asymptomatic postmenopausal tamoxifen-using breast cancer patients underwent a gynecological examination combined with TVU. Patients with an endometrial thickness of >5 mm were offered hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy. FINDINGS Thirty-one patients (58%) had an endometrial thickness of >5 mm with enhanced, inhomogeneous echogenicity. Hysteroscopy was performed in 22 patients and 3 underwent hysterectomy. Seven of 22 patients had endometrial polyps, histologically characterized by cystically dilated glands lined with atrophic epithelium and periglandular stromal condensation. Histology of the three hysterectomy specimens showed a similar picture of atrophic luminal epithelium, covering dilated glands lined with atrophic epithelium and surrounded by dense stroma, which resembled the histology of the endometrial polyps. In all three specimens the histologically measured endometrial thickness corresponded with that on TVU. INTERPRETATION Tamoxifen can induce specific endometrial changes consisting of cystically dilated glands with periglandular stromal condensation while the overlying epithelium remains atrophic. The changes occur either in the endometrium itself or as a protrusion of the endometrium, i.e., as endometrial polyps. These findings explain the discrepancy between ultrasound, hysteroscopy, and histology. Due to the high number of false-positive findings, TVU is not an effective screening instrument in these patients.
Students’ Understanding of the Special Theory of Relativity and Design for a Guided Visit to a Science Museum

The present paper describes the design of teaching materials that are used as learning tools in school visits to a science museum. An exhibition on ‘A century of the Special Theory of Relativity’, in the Kutxaespacio Science Museum, in San Sebastian, Spain, was used to design a visit for first‐year engineering students at the university and assess the learning that was achieved. The first part of the paper presents the teaching sequence that was designed to build a bridge between formal teaching and the exhibition visit. The second part analyses the potential of the exhibition and the aforementioned teaching sequence to influence the students’ knowledge of three aspects of the Special Theory of Relativity. The results obtained show that the design of the visit, with both pre‐visit and follow‐up activities, was effective as a means of increasing students’ understanding and stimulating their ability to argue scientifically.
In vitro studies of activities of the antifungal triazoles SCH56592 and itraconazole against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and other pathogenic yeasts

We investigated the effects of various assay conditions on the activities of two antifungal drugs, SCH56592 and itraconazole, against seven species of fungi by the broth macrodilution testing procedure proposed by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). For both drugs, which are insoluble in water, the concentration and type of solubilizing agent produced differences in drug activity. Starting inoculum size differences from 10(2) to 10(5) yeast cells per ml resulted in approximately a fourfold effect on the MIC of both drugs, but other significant differences were not observed with variations in synthetic medium composition, pH, buffering reagent, or incubation temperature. Under standardized conditions of reference method M27-T with 1% polyethylene glycol as the solubilizing agent, median MICs of SCH56592 and itraconazole of 60 and 125 mg/ml, respectively, were demonstrated for 110 strains (12 to 23 strains for each of seven species). Broth microdilution results were typically severalfold higher than broth macrodilution results. We conclude that the NCCLS standard reference method can be applied without modification to the testing of SCH56592 and itraconazole, but particular attention to solubilizing the agents is critical to obtaining consistent results.
FACTORS AFFECTING ACCESS TO HEALTH INSURANCE PRODUCTS PROVIDED BY MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN WESTERN PROVINCE OF KENYA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that affect access to health insurance products offered by Microfinance institutions in Western Kenya Methodology: The research focused on all the registered MFIs operating in Western province of Kenya and their clients. A sample of two hundred respondents both insured and uninsured was selected. Interviews and review of administrative records were used to gather relevant information for the study. The research employed a descriptive and non-experimental design in which both qualitative and qualitative methods were used to analyse data. The data gathered was analysed using MS-excel and summarized using descriptive statistics in form of tables, percentage and graphs. Textual data was analysed qualitatively using frequency tables. Results: The study found that most members of the MFIs were earning less than a dollar a day. The study also found sixty eight percent of the respondents did not have healthcare insurance for themselves or members of their households. The respondents indicated that the main impediment to their uptake of healthcare insurance products was lack of funds to pay the premiums. The respondents also indicated that there was failure by the MFIs to carry out awareness programmes for the healthcare products. The study also found out that women are the majority clients of the MFIs at 78% . Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that MFIs should strive to bring in the men into their net. The study also recommends that the MFIs need to liaise with strategic partners in the grassroots in the regions they operate in like the churches and schools to raise awareness of the healthcare insurance products. The study further recommended that future research be conducted to investigate the specific effect of each of the factors identified in this study. A future study could be for example conducted on the effects of education or culture on the adoption of healthcare insurance products offered by the MFIs. Future research could be conducted in other geographical regions using similar or different methodology to assess the verifiability of the findings of this study. Such a study would confirm or contest the findings of this study.
Droplet digital PCR measurement of HER2 copy number alteration in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast carcinoma tissue.

BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing is routinely performed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses for all new cases of invasive breast carcinoma. IHC is easier to perform, but analysis can be subjective and variable. FISH offers better diagnostic accuracy and added confidence, particularly when it is used to supplement weak IHC signals, but it is more labor intensive and costly than IHC. We examined the performance of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) as a more precise and less subjective alternative for quantifying HER2 DNA amplification. METHODS Thirty-nine cases of invasive breast carcinoma containing ≥30% tumor were classified as positive or negative for HER2 by IHC, FISH, or both. DNA templates for these cases were prepared from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues to determine the HER2 copy number by ddPCR. ddPCR involved emulsifying hydrolysis probe-based PCR reaction mixtures containing the ERBB2 [v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, neuro/glioblastoma derived oncogene homolog (avian); also known as HER2] gene and chromosome 17 centromere assays into nanoliter-sized droplets for thermal cycling and analysis. RESULTS ddPCR distinguished, through differences in the level of HER2 amplification, the 10 HER2-positive samples from the 29 HER2-negative samples with 100% concordance to HER2 status obtained by FISH and IHC analysis. ddPCR results agreed with the FISH results for the 6 cases that were equivocal by IHC analyses, confirming 2 of these samples as positive for HER2 and the other 4 as negative. CONCLUSIONS ddPCR can be used as a molecular-analysis tool to precisely measure copy number alterations in FFPE samples of heterogeneous breast tumor tissue.
Economic Consequences of Financial Reporting and Disclosure Regulation: A Review and Suggestions for Future Research

This paper surveys the theoretical and empirical literature on the economic consequences of financial reporting and disclosure regulation. We integrate theoretical and empirical studies from accounting, economics, finance and law in order to contribute to the cross-fertilization of these fields. We provide an organizing framework that identifies firm-specific (micro-level) and market-wide (macro-level) costs and benefits of firms' reporting and disclosure activities and then use this framework to discuss potential costs and benefits of regulating these activities and to organize the key insights from the literature. Our survey highlights important unanswered questions and concludes with numerous suggestions for future research.
Prevalence of Monocular Amblyopia among Anisometropes

Abstract Some 167 subjects showing anisometropia of at least 2 D, were selected from the records of the eye clinic of the Ramathibodi hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, and 472 subjects showing anisometropia of at least 1 D were selected from the clinic records of the Indiana University, School of Optometry. The incidence of amblyopia (20/30 or less) was found to be 100% among least meridional hyperopic anisometropes of 3.5 D and greater, and among myopic anisometropes of 6.5 D and greater. Lower levels of anisometropia showed a smaller proportion of amblyopia. Comparable results were obtained for anisometropes computed in terms of mean spherical refractive error. Significant difference was not apparent for the Thai and American groups.