Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of maternal outcomes between midwife and obstetrician led births

Abstarct Aim. The aim of this study is to compare the maternal outcomes of the second and third stages of labor managed by midwives or obstetricians. Method. The medical records of 290 pregnant women who gave birth with spontaneous vaginal delivery from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2009 in a county hospital were examined retrospectively. The inclusion criteria comprised women whose singleton uncomplicated pregnancies were at term, with their babies born alive and without augmentation. Group 1 included women who gave birth with obstetricians and Group 2 included women who gave birth with midwives. Results. There were 84 (29%) cases in Group 1 and 204 (71%) in Group 2. There was no difference between the groups with regard to age, gravid, vacuum extraction, presence of episiotomy, complications of episiotomy, and complete or partial placenta retention. The decrease between the prepartum and postpartum hemoglobin levels were 1.3±1.1 g/dL in Group 1 and 0.8±1.2 g/dL in Group 2, and the difference was significant (p=0.005). The mean postpartum hospitalization days were 1.7±1 days in Group 1 and 1.3±0.7 days in Group 2. It was significantly longer in Group 1 (p=0.003). Conclusion. The follow-up and management of the second and third stages of labor in low risk pregnancies can be reliably performed by midwives. Keywords: Midwife, obstetrician, labor, episiotomy Ozet Amac. Bu calismanin amaci kadin hastaliklari ve dogum uzmani veya ebeler tarafindan yonetilen dogumlarin 2.evre ve 3.evresinin anneye ait sonuclarin karsilastirilmasidir. Yontem. Bir ilce hastanesinde 1 Ocak 2009 ile 31 Aralik 2009 tarihleri arasinda normal vajinal yolla dogum yapan 290 gebenin medical kayitlari retrospektif olarak incelendi. Calismaya term, canli, tekil gebeligi olan; dogum augmentasyonu uygulanmayan, riskli gebeligi olmayan hastalar dahil edildi. Kadin hastaliklari ve dogum uzmani tarafindan dogumu gerceklestirilen olgular grup 1, ebeler tarafindan dogumu gerceklestirilen olgular grup 2 olarak tanimlandi. Bulgular. Grup 1 dahilinde 84 (%29) olgu, grup 2 dahilinde 204 (%71) olgu mevcuttu. Gruplar arasinda yas, gravida, vakum ekstraksiyonu, epizyotomi varligi, epizyotomi komplikasyonlari, plasentanin ayrilmamasi veya kismi ayrilmasi acisindan fark yoktu. Dogum oncesi ve sonrasi hemoglobin duzeyi dususu grup 1'de 1,3±1,1 g/dL, grup 2'de 0,8±1,2 g/dL idi; grup 1'deki dususun, grup 2'den anlamli olarak yuksek oldugu goruldu(p=0,005). Dogum sonrasi hastanede yatis gunu grup 1'de 1,7±1 gun, grup 2'de 1,3±0,7 gun olarak hesaplandi; grup 1'de hastanede yatis suresi daha uzun bulundu (p=0,003). Sonuc. Dusuk riskli gebeliklerin dogumlarinin 2. ve 3. evrelerinin takibi ve yonetimi ebeler tarafindan guvenle yapilabilir. Anahtar sozcukler: Ebe, kadin dogum uzmani, dogum, epizyotomi
Vitreous potassium concentration as a predictor of postmortem interval in injury (trauma) cases: A cross-sectional study from a tertiary care center in rural Haryana

Background: Time since death (TSD) is an important parameter to the forensic expert. Only a fewer studies are available in the literature to determine the relationship between vitreous K + concentration and TSD especially among injury (trauma) cases and thus information on the same is patchy and scanty. Objective: To determine the relationship between changes in vitreous K + concentration with increasing TSD among injury (trauma) cases. An additional objective was to derive a formula for determining TSD from changes in levels of vitreous K + in the study subjects. Materials and Methods: In this study, autopsy cases brought to the mortuary of Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of a tertiary care center, were the subjected for collection of vitreous humor for determination of vitreous potassium. Data of 55 such cases where autopsy confirmed the cause of death as injury (trauma), were included in this study. Determination of potassium level in the collected sample was done using ion-selective electrode method (Biolyte 2000 auto analyzer). Results: A linear relationship was observed between vitreous potassium concentration and TSD in both the eyes. External factors like seasonal variations and temperature, gender difference and age had no appreciable effect on the concentration of vitreous potassium in either eye. In this study, the linear regression equations obtained from potassium concentration (y) verses time (x) for the two groups among injury (trauma) cases were as follows: For right eye: Regression line (y) = −5.040 (x) = +1.989, for left eye: Regression line (y) = −5.223 (x) = +2.005. The potassium levels are found to increase up to 40 h after death. Conclusion: The study highlighted the usefulness of relationship between vitreous potassium concentration and TSD in both the eyes. The formula calculated from the current study could prove to be more appropriate as it is based on a more recent study and more reliable tests.
Naproxcinod, a new cyclooxygenase-inhibiting nitric oxide donator (CINOD)

Background: COX-inhibiting nitric oxide donators (CINODs) are a new class of drugs that combine the actions of the parent COX inhibitor with nitric oxide (NO), with the aim of reducing potential toxicity of the parent drug, while maintaining its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. AZD3582 (Naproxcinod®) is the first in the class of CINODs. Objective/methods: To review the effects of NO donation, CINODS in general and naproxen in osteoarthritis (OA), based on literature in PubMed. Results: In preclinical and human studies, this drug produced similar analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects to its parent naproxen, with improved gastrointestinal safety in OA patients. The results of recent clinical trials, which were designed to study effects on blood pressure, are expected shortly, after peer-review. Conclusions: As naproxen is considered the safest COX inhibitor choice from a cardiovascular perspective, AZD3582 has the potential to become a new drug treatment in patients with OA, in whom pain and function are not controlled by the use of analgesics.
Injuries, accidents and falls in adults with learning disabilities and their carers : a prospective cohort study

Injuries are among the leading causes of death and disability in the world and a major public health concern. Young persons with learning disabilities have a higher rate and different pattern of injuries when compared with young persons without learning disabilities, but little is known regarding adults. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and types of injuries experienced by a community-based cohort of adults with learning disabilities (n = 511). Face-to-face interviews were conducted with participants and their carers two years after they had first been recruited into a longitudinal study. The measures were based on those previously used with a large population-based sample (n = 6,104) in the Scottish Health Survey (2003). Results were compared between the adults with learning disabilities and the general population. Incidence of at least one injury that required medical or nursing attention or treatment in a 12-month period was 20.5% (105), of which 12.1% (62) was due to falls. The standardised incident injury ratio for adults with learning disabilities aged 18 - 64 years, compared with the regional general population aged 18 – 64 years, is 1.63 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.55 – 1.71). The types and causes of injuries experienced differed from those found in the general population. Incident injury was predicted by having epilepsy (odds ratio (OR) 1.809), and not having autism (OR 0.153). Incident fall injury was predicted by urinary incontinence (OR 1.976), whilst Down syndrome reduced risk (OR 0.416). Carers of adults with learning disabilities (n = 446) were less likely to experience at least one injury in a 12-month period overall, but they were significantly more likely to experience harmful injury from another person (p = 0.048), and less likely to experience injury through the use of a tool, implement or equipment (p = 0.045), when compared with the regional general population. These findings are first steps towards understanding the considerable burden of injuries, accidents and falls in the learning disabilities population, and towards informing interventions to prevent injuries and falls in adults with learning disabilities in the future. The types and causes of injury experienced by carers of adults with learning disabilities are also reported for the first time.
Transtheoretical Model을 적용한 국내 간호연구 분석

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the utilization of the Transtheoretical Model(TTM) for Korean nursing studies on health behaviors and identify the strategies for improvement of further studies. Methods: From a main and seven branch journals on the Korean Society of Nursing Science, a total of 26 studies, which had been conducted based upon the TTM, were selected. The selected studies were analyzed from the September of 2006 to the February of 2007 by the criteria; name of journal, year of publication, health behavior, population, sampling, sample size, research design, instrument (translation process, reliability and validity), and statistical analysis. Results: TTM on the Korean nursing studies was mainly applied for smoking cessation or exercise with elderly or middle aged women. The research findings could not be generalized with the limitation of the use of non representative samples. The most frequently used research design was a cross-sectional survey. Some studies had a lack of reliable and valid instruments, so that the internal validity of the study findings may be threatened. Statistically related problems increased type I error and decreased power. Conclusion: Korean nursing studies based on TTM can be the beginning stage in quality and quantity.
New Higher-Derivative $R^4$ Theorems

The non-m inim alpure spinor form alism forthe superstring isused to prove two new m ultiloop theorem swhich are related to recenthigher-derivative R 4 conjectures ofG reen, R usso and Vanhove. The (cid:12)rst theorem states that when 0 < n < 12, @ n R 4 term s in the Type II e(cid:11)ective action do not receive perturbative contributions above n= 2 loops. The second theorem states that when n (cid:20) 8,perturbative contributions to @ n R 4 term s in the IIA and IIB e(cid:11)ective actionscoincide.
Impact of Community Pharmacy based Patient Education on Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A prospective, open label, randomized study was conducted in a South Indian state for nine months to assess the impact of pharmacist provided patient education on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) and quality of life in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Seventy eight patients meeting the study criteria were randomized into control and test group through envelope method. Seventy patients completed all the follow-ups of the study. Content and translation validated KAP questionnaire and Ferrans and Powers (F & P) quality of life questionnaire were administered to assess the influence of education. The validated Malayalam version of F & P quest ionnaire was supported by an internal consistency a = 0.96 and a temporal stability r = 0.89 and construct validity r = 0.88. The test group patients received pharmacist provided patient education regarding drug therapy, diet, exercise and life style modifications through the verbal and written education material (PIL) in English and Malayalam, the regional language. The control group patients received patient education at the end of the study. Johnson & Johnson one touch Glucometer® was used to measure fasting capillary blood glucose (FCBG) of all the enrolled patients. A significant improvement was observed with respect to knowledge, practice and attitude towards disease management, QOL scores in various domains and a significant decrease in blood glucose (P < 0.05) was observed in
A Flexible and Adaptive Framework for Abstention Under Class Imbalance

In practical applications of machine learning, it is often desirable to identify and abstain on examples where the model's predictions are likely to be incorrect. Much of the prior work on this topic focused on out-of-distribution detection or performance metrics such as top-k accuracy. Comparatively little attention was given to metrics such as area-under-the-curve or Cohen's Kappa, which are extremely relevant for imbalanced datasets. Abstention strategies aimed at top-k accuracy can produce poor results on these metrics when applied to imbalanced datasets, even when all examples are in-distribution. We propose a framework to address this gap. Our framework leverages the insight that calibrated probability estimates can be used as a proxy for the true class labels, thereby allowing us to estimate the change in an arbitrary metric if an example were abstained on. Using this framework, we derive computationally efficient metric-specific abstention algorithms for optimizing the sensitivity at a target specificity level, the area under the ROC, and the weighted Cohen's Kappa. Because our method relies only on calibrated probability estimates, we further show that by leveraging recent work on domain adaptation under label shift, we can generalize to test-set distributions that may have a different class imbalance compared to the training set distribution. On various experiments involving medical imaging, natural language processing, computer vision and genomics, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Source code available at https://github.com/blindauth/abstention. Colab notebooks reproducing results available at https://github.com/blindauth/abstention_experiments.
Death and Ethnicity: A Psychocultural Study-Twenty-Five Years Later.

his study compares ethnic, age, and gender differences concerning attitudes and behaviors toward death, dying, and bereavement among Caucasian, African, Hispanic, and Asian American adult participants in north Texas with the results of a 1976 study by Kalish and Reynolds on death attitudes and behaviors of Caucasian, African, Mexican, and Japanese American adult participants in Los Angeles, California. A modified version of Kalish and Reynolds' study questionnaire was administered to 526 respondents (164 Caucasian, 100 African, 205 Hispanic, and 57 Asian Americans) recruited from community and church groups. Findings of this study were compared with those of Kalish and Reynolds in specific areas, including experience with death, attitudes toward one's own death, dying, and afterlife, and attitudes toward the dying, death, or grief of someone else. Data was analyzed employing the same statistical tools as those used by Kalish and Reynolds, i.e., chi square calculations, frequencies, percentages, averages, and analyses of variance. As compared with the earlier study, results indicated that this study's participants were less likely to have known as many persons who had died recently or to state they would try very hard to control grief emotions in public. Present study participants were more likely to have visited dying persons, to want to be informed if they were dying and believe that others should be informed when dying, to prefer to die at home, to have made arrangements to donate their bodies or body parts to medicine, to have seriously talked with others about their future deaths, to consider the appropriateness of mourning practices and the comparative tragedy of age of death from a relative standpoint, and to want to spend the final six months of their lives showing concern for others. Between study differences were found in ethnic group, age group, and gender group comparisons. Within study differences in death and dying attitudes were also found in this study among ethnic, age, and gender groups.
New nuclear medicine techniques for the assessment of myocardial viability

Een dotterbehandeling of een bypassoperatie heeft alleen zin als er nog voldoende hartspierweefsel over is dat zich kan herstellen. Momenteel wordt de vitaliteit van de hartspier voor de ingreep nog onderzocht met een PET-scan, maar deze techniek is duur en maar in een paar ziekenhuizen in Nederland aanwezig. Riemer Slart constateert in zijn proefschrift dat een goedkopere scan het succes van een bypass of dotteren ook kan voorspellen.
Asymptotic analysis of the EPRL four-simplex amplitude

The semiclassical limit of a 4-simplex amplitude for a spin foam quantum gravity model with an Immirzi parameter is studied. If the boundary state represents a non-degenerate 4-simplex geometry, the asymptotic formula contains the Regge action for general relativity. A canonical choice of phase for the boundary state is introduced and is shown to be necessary to obtain the results.
The Gauge Hierarchy Problem and Planck Oscillators

A longstanding question that has puzzled Physicists is the so called gauge hierarchy problem, that is why is there such a wide gap between the mass of a Planck particle, 10 − 5 gms and the mass of a typical elementary particle ∼ 10 − 25 gms . We show that the answer to this problem lies in a particular characterization of gravitation. This moreover also provides a picture of a Planck scale underpinning for the entire universe itself.
Corticosteroid therapy for epileptic encephalopathies other than West syndrome

Abstract Epileptic encephalopathies are age-dependent conditions, typically drug resistant, characterized by severe cognitive impairment due to the epileptic activity itself. Corticosteroid therapy with adrenocorticotrophic hormone, hydrocortisone, prednisone or methylprednisolone is one of the therapeutic approaches tried in these children. Although the first use of steroids as antiepileptic drugs dates back to 1950, there is no wide agreement about the ideal treatment regimen in epileptic encephalopathies other than West syndrome; no evidence from class I and II studies are available at the moment. In this study, we present a literature review on steroid therapy in childhood epilepsy with special regard to effectiveness, tolerability and possible mechanisms of action.
The role of family in mental health problems among adolescents from community and clinical settings in Cyprus

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 4 LIST OF TABLES . 8 LIST OF FIGURES . 10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 11 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 12 1.1. Context of the Thesis . 12 1.2. Objectives of the Thesis . 17 1.3. Structure of the Thesis . 19 CHAPTER 2: ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH (LITERATURE REVIEW) 21 2.1. Overview . 21 2.2. Adolescent Mental Health Problems . 22 2.2.1. Prevalence of Adolescent Mental Health Problems . 26 2.2.2. Importance of Assessing A Clinical Sample . 30 2.2.3. Gender Differences in Adolescent Mental Health Problems . 32 2.2. 4. Age Differences in Adolescent Mental Health Problems . 35 2.3. Risk factors of Adolescent Mental Health . 39 CHAPTER 3: THE IMPACT OF FAMILY (LITERATURE REVIEW) . 43 3.1. Overview . 43 3.2 Attachment . 44 3.3. Family Functioning . 51 3.4. Family Communication and Relationships . 59 3.5. Parental Style and Behaviour . 69 3.6. Gaps in Knowledge . 79 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY . 82 4.1. Overview . 82 4.2. Research Method of the Thesis . 82 4.3. Epistemological Stance of the Thesis . 84 4.4. Participants Used in the Thesis . 86 4.5. Procedure. 87 4.5. 1. Procedure of Adolescents from Community Setting . 87 4.5. 2. Procedure of Adolescents from Clinical Setting . 87 4.6. Materials . 88 4.6. 1. Instruments Used in the Quantitative Research (Study 1 and Study 2) . 88 4.6. 1.1. Youth-Self Report . 89 4.6. 1.2. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire . 90 4.6. 1.3. Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale . 91 4.6. 1.4. Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale. 92 4.6. 1.5. Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment . 94 4.6. 1.5. 1. Adaptation of the IPPA Scale into Greek . 95 4.6. 1.5. 1.1. Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the IPPA Parent Scale . 95 4.6. 1.5. 1.2. Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the IPPA Peers Scale . 98 4.6. 1.1.3. Reliability of the Greek Version of the IPPA Scale . 98 4.6. 1.1.4. Validity of the Greek Version of the IPPA Scale . 99
Hematological parameters in children with Down syndrome

Introduction: There are few studies that investigated whether Down syndrome (DS) interferes with references values for complete blood counts (CBC) test in children with the syndrome. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the results of CBC performed in children with DS. Patients and methods: Data from CBC of DS children were included; at the time of examination they were aged between 2 and 10 years and had no clinical signs and/or symptoms of infectious disease. The hematological parameters analyzed were: total number of erythrocytes (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, hematological indices, platelet count, and total number of leucocytes. Additionally, we compared the collected parameters according to gender and age of the children studied. Results: A total of 203 CBC (100 girls and 103 boys) were evaluated. In general, no significant differences were observed in studied parameters between the values found in samples of DS children and the values described in the literature as a reference for children in this age group. No difference in the prevalence of anemia was observed in relation to gender (p = 0.33), 14/103 (13.6%) boys, and 11/100 (11%) girls had anemia. However, the Hb and hematological indices values found in boys was significantly lower than in girls (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This investigation is the first one in Brazil to present and analyze the CBC results of DS children, reporting that their hematological indices are within the expected range for children without DS. Additionally, it was found that 12.3% of them had anemia.
PROTEIN C AND S DEFICIENCY IN DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS PATIENTS REFERRED TO IRANIAN BLOOD TRANSFUSION ORGANIZATION, KERMANSHAH

Introduction: Normal homeostasis system has several inhibitor mechanisms in front of the amplifier’s natural clotting enzyme to prevent fibrin clots in the vessels. The main inhibitors of coagulation pathway are antithrombin (AT), protein C and protein S. Patients with hereditary deficiency of coagulation inhibitors are susceptible to venous thromboembolism (VTE). One of the major clinical manifestations of VTE is deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The present study has investigated the frequency of protein C and S deficiency among DVT patients that by using of these results and results from our previous study; we determined the most important hereditary risk factors for DVT in the Kermanshah Province of Iran with the Kurdish ethnic background . Materials and methods: We studied 150 patients from the Kermanshah Province of Iran with Kurdish ethnic background. Patients with hereditary risk factors were excluded from the study. Estimation of protein C and protein S were performed using kits from STAGO, France (Diagnostica Stago). Results: After excluding patients with confounding factors, 50 patients were remained. We found 14 patients (28%) with protein C deficiency and 10 patients (20%) with protein S deficiency. Also, 2 patients (4%) had both protein C and S deficiency. Conclusion: Comparing the results of this study with our previous study on DVTpatients indicates that among inherited risk factors for DVT in our population the deficiency of protein C, S and FVL mutation are the most prevalent factors. Our results show that our population has different pattern for hereditary risk factors compared with other Asian pattern for DVTpatients.
A Water Intervention Program to Improve Fluid Intakes Among French Women

This research aimed at assessing the impact of a water intervention program on fluid intake over a 12-month period in free-living conditions. A total of 178 French women with low fluid intake habits were enrolled in a short-term program from 4 weeks’ to 4 months’ duration including home deliveries of bottled water and educational content on water and health. Fluid intakes were assessed at baseline and at 2, 6, and 12 months. Results show a significant improvement in total fluid intake mainly from water intake over 12 months. An intervention program combining bottled water supply and educational information is efficient to increased sustainably water intake among low drinkers in free-living conditions.