Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological Function in Adults With Von Recklinghausen's Neurofibromatosis

The cognitive function of adults with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis (NF-1) was examined. This study sought to replicate in an adult sample the findings of decreased visuospatial and attention abilities reported for many children with NF-1. Specifically, it was anticipated that adults with NF-1 would be classified separately from unaffected controls according to visual and attention–executive function skills. Second, this study examined whether language skills discriminated between adults with NF-1 and unaffected controls. The sample included 20 participants with NF-1 and 25 control participants. All participants were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests (Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI), Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO), Visual Form Discrimination, Booklet Category Test, Figure Cancellation, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Revised (PPVT–R), Sentence Repetition, Controlled Oral Word Association). The results of a discriminant function analysis partially supported the hypothesis: Two of the tests of visual-spatial skill (VMI, JLO) and one of the language tests (PPVT–R) were found to be the best predictors for group membership. The discriminant function accounted for 45% of the variance between the groups and correctly classified 15 of the NF-1 participants and 21 of the control participants. Post hoc exploratory analyses revealed that the VMI was the most important test in discriminating between the groups. It is suggested that patients with NF-1 will tend to have sparing of basic cognitive functions but will have greater impairment on tests that use multiple cognitive skills.
COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR PURINERGIC INHIBITORY INNERVATION OF THE PORTAL VEIN OF THE RABBIT, BUT NOT GUINEA‐PIG

1 Intramural nerve stimulation elicited a powerful relaxation of the longitudinal muscle of the rabbit portal vein in the presence of atropine and guanethidine, but not of the guinea‐pig portal vein. 2 Intramural nerve stimulation of the rabbit portal vein produced a 13 fold increase in release of 3H‐adenyl compounds after preloading with [3H]‐adenosine. About 50% of this release was abolished by guanethidine. All release was abolished by tetrodotoxin. No significant release of radioactive compounds was observed during intramural nerve stimulation of the guinea‐pig portal vein in the presence of guanethidine, although there was a 6 fold increase in release of radioactivity in the absence of drugs. 3 Histochemical studies using quinacrine, which binds ATP showed a fine fluorescent nerve plexus, nerve bundles, and ganglion cells in the rabbit portal vein, but not in the guinea‐pig portal vein. This plexus was still present after chemical sympathectomy with 6‐hydroxydopamine. 4 Adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) relaxed the rabbit portal vein, but usually produced a biphasic response, consisting of a contraction followed by a relaxation, of the guinea‐pig portal vein. 5 Prostaglandins E1 and E2 caused contraction of the rabbit portal vein. Indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, potentiated the relaxations of the rabbit portal vein produced by both non‐adrenergic, non‐cholinergic nerve stimulation and ATP. 6 High concentrations of antazoline and phentolamine, which antagonize purinergic responses in the guinea‐pig taenia coli, caused a loss of basal tone so that it was not possible to assess their effects on the responses of the portal vein to either non‐adrenergic, non‐cholinergic nerve stimulation, or ATP. 7 Comparison of the results on the portal vein of the rabbit and guinea‐pig provides support for the view that: (i) quinacrine fluorescence can be used to localize purinergic nerves and that the rabbit portal vein is supplied by these nerves; (ii) ATP is released from adrenergic nerve fibres, although, based on histochemical analysis, about 3 to 7 times less than is released from purinergic nerve fibres.
Evaluation of role of Candida in patients with chronic paronychia.

BACKGROUND Chronic paronychia, earlier considered to be an infection due to Candida, is currently being considered as a dermatitis of the nail fold. Irritant, allergic and protein contact dermatitis are the suggested major pathogenic mechanisms. Hypersensitivity to Candida is more likely to be the etiology, rather than the infection itself. AIMS To assess the clinico-etiological profiles of patients with chronic paronychia and to determine the role of contact sensitization and hypersensitivity to Candida. METHODS All consecutive patients of chronic paronychia attending the dermatology outpatient department (OPD) were assessed for risk factors, number of nails affected, clinical presentation and presence of fungus, patch tested for contact allergy and prick tested for hypersensitivity to Candida allergen. RESULTS A total of 80 patients of chronic paronychia were recruited into our study. There was female preponderance (66 patients, 82.5%), with the most common group affected being housewives (47 patients, 58.8%). Frequent washing of hands (64 patients, 80%) was the most common risk factor. Fungal culture was positive in 56.1% (41 patients), the predominant species cultured was Candida albicans (15 patients, 36.5%). Patch testing with Indian standard series was positive in 27.1% patients (19 out of 70 patients tested), with nickel being the most common allergen. Prick test with Candida allergen was positive in 47.6% patients (31 out of 65 patients tested). LIMITATIONS Prick test and patch test provide indirect evidence of hypersensitivity, with inherent limitations. CONCLUSION Our study shows that chronic paronychia is probably a form of hand dermatitis associated with prolonged wet work, and that there is a higher incidence of contact sensitization and Candida hypersensitivity in these patients.
Controlling Bad Behavior in Online Communities: An Examination of Moderation Work

A wide range of behavior may be seen as destructive to online communities. Yet behavior that is 'bad' in one community may be celebrated in another. The work of community maintenance is therefore strongly contextual, involving complex choices due to differing norms, community cross-membership, and the need to invoke fairness. The experienced, "lived in" work of moderators; how they enact norms and make choices about social maintenance, remains poorly understood. Our study addresses this gap, using a negotiated order lens. We employed netnographic techniques, analyzing online interviews with moderators of sub-communities in Reddit, and records of critical incidents. We find that moderators are intuitive prosecutors who draw on a variety of logics to accomplish their work. Controlling bad behavior, articulating and enforcing norms is, therefore, a collective accomplishment through which moderators make choices, create a jurisprudence record, and reconcile nested community norms in the maintenance of social order.
Modeling and Control of the Ultracapacitor-Based Regenerative Controlled Electric Drives

Two issues are still a great challenge in the design and application of advanced controlled electric drives, namely, recovery of the braking energy and ride-through capability of the drive system. Apart from the ordinary solutions, such as back-to-back and matrix converters, an approach based on the ordinary diode front-end-drive converter equipped with an energy-storage element is used in some applications, such as traction and lift drives. This approach has come into focus recently with the rapid development of electrochemical double layer capacitors, so-called ultracapacitors. To achieve system flexibility and better efficiency, the ultracapacitor is connected to the drive via a dc-dc converter. The converter is controlled in such a way as to fulfill the control objectives: the control of the dc-bus voltage, the ultracapacitor state of charge, and peak-power filtering. In this paper, we have discussed the modeling and control aspects of the regenerative controlled electric drive using the ultracapacitor as energy-storage and emergency power-supply device. The presented model and control scheme have been verified by simulation and a set of experiments on a 5.5-kW prototype. The results are presented and discussed in this paper.
Cofilin peptide homologs interfere with immunological synapse formation and T cell activation

The formation of supramolecular activation clusters within the immunological synapse, crucial for sustained signaling and T lymphocyte activation, requires costimulation-dependent reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Here we have identified the actin-remodeling protein cofilin as a key player in this process. Cell-permeable peptides that block costimulation-induced cofilin/F-actin interactions in untransformed human T lymphocytes impair receptor capping and immunological synapse formation at the interface between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. As a consequence, T cell activation, as measured by cytokine production and proliferation, is inhibited.
Conceptual Transformation and Cognitive Processes 3 Mental processes in probleM solving tasks Following the seminal approach

Research on problem solving typically does not address tasks that involve following detailed and/or illustrated step-by-step instructions. Such tasks are not seen as cognitively challenging problems to be solved. In this paper, we challenge this assumption by analyzing verbal protocols collected during an Origami folding task. Participants verbalised thoughts well beyond reading or reformulating task instructions, or commenting on actions. In particular, they compared the task status to pictures in the instruction, evaluated the progress so far, referred to previous experience, expressed problems and confusions, and—crucially—added complex thoughts and ideas about the current instructional step. The last two categories highlight the fact that participants conceptualised this spatial task as a problem to be solved, and used creativity to achieve this aim. Procedurally, the verbalisations reflect a typical order of steps: reading—reformulating—reconceptualising—evaluating. During reconceptualisation, the creative range of spatial concepts represented in language highlights the complex mental operations involved when transferring the two-dimensional representation into the real world. We discuss the implications of our findings in terms of problem solving as a multilayered process involving diverse types of cognitive effort, consider parallels to known conceptual challenges involved in interpreting spatial descriptions, and reflect on the benefit of reconceptualisation for cognitive processes. Correspondence: Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Thora Tenbrink, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG, UK, or via email to t.tenbrink@ bangor.ac. uk.
Nursing home residents' preferences for life-sustaining treatments.

OBJECTIVES To determine life-sustaining treatment preferences among nursing home residents, whether information regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) affected these preferences, and with whom treatment preferences had been discussed, and to identify factors associated with CPR preferences. DESIGN In-person survey. SETTING Forty-nine randomly selected nursing homes. SUBJECTS Four hundred twenty-one randomly selected nursing home residents capable of making decisions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Preferences regarding CPR, hospitalization, and enteral tube feedings, and individual factors associated with CPR preferences. RESULTS Of 1458 randomly selected nursing home residents assessed for the ability to participate in the study, 552 residents (38%) were eligible to participate and 421 agreed to be interviewed. Sixty percent of participants able to participate in the decision reported that they would elect CPR, 89% would choose hospitalization if seriously ill, and 33% would elect enteral tube feedings if no longer able to eat because of permanent brain damage. Individual factors associated with preferences for CPR included the following: African-American ethnicity, high self-reported physical mobility, belief that most important medical care decisions should be made by the doctor, moderate-to-severe impairment in daily decision-making skills, and not having a spouse. Fourteen percent changed their preference from preferring CPR to not preferring CPR after receiving additional information about CPR procedures. Twelve percent reported having discussed preferences with health care providers, and 31% discussed preferences with family members. CONCLUSIONS More than half of nursing home residents capable of making decisions preferred the use of CPR. Few had discussed their preferences with health care providers. Individual preferences should be assessed when considering the use of life-sustaining treatments.
Comparison of two insulin sensitizers, metformin and myo-inositol, in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Abstract Insulin resistance (IR) plays a pivotal role in PCOS. Insulin-sensitizer agents such as metformin and inositols have been shown to improve the endocrine and metabolic aspects of PCOS. The purpose of this study is to compare their effects on the clinical and metabolic features of the women with PCOS. Fifty PCOS women with IR and/or hyperinsulinemia were randomized to treatment with metformin (1500 mg/day) or myo-inositol (4 g/day). IR was defined as HOMA-IR >2.5, while hyperinsulinemia was defined as a value of AUC for insulin after a glucose load over the cutoff of our laboratory obtained in normal women. The Matsusa Index has been calculated. The women have been evaluated for insulin secretion, BMI, menstrual cycle length, acne and hirsutism, at baseline and after 6 months of therapy. The results obtained in both groups were similar. The insulin sensitivity improved in both treatment groups. The BMI significantly decreased and the menstrual cycle was normalized in about 50% of the women. No significant changes in acne and hirsutism were observed. The two insulin-sensitizers, metformin and myo-inositol, show to be useful in PCOS women in lowering BMI and ameliorating insulin sensitivity, and improving menstrual cycle without significant differences between the two treatments.
Gaps in African swine fever: Analysis and priorities

African swine fever (ASF) causes greater sanitary, social and economic impacts on swine herds than many other swine diseases. Although ASF was first described in 1921 and it has affected more than fifty countries in Africa, Europe and South America, several key issues about its pathogenesis, immune evasion and epidemiology remain uncertain. This article reviews the main characteristics of the causative virus, its molecular epidemiology, natural hosts, clinical features, epidemiology and control worldwide. It also identifies and prioritizes gaps in ASF from a horizontal point of view encompassing fields including molecular biology, epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis and vaccine development. The purpose of this review is to promote ASF research and enhance its control.
Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems , Vol . PASl 00 , No . 4 , April 1981 ELECTRIC FIELD AND ION CURRENT AT THE GROUND AND VOLTAGE OF CHARGED OBJECTS UNDER HVDC LINES

The electric field and ion current are calculated based on the measured values of the corona current on the Shiobara test line by using the previously proposed method. [5 l Next, the surface gradients and inflowing currents on an insulated disc or ellipsoid in a uniform field and ion current are analyzed. On the basis of these results, the voltage of charged disc is calculated and compared with the measured values. Finally, this method is applied to DC lines of horizontal arrangement and single circuit, and the effect of the geometrical conductor confilguration on the electric field and ion current is calculated. INTRODUCTION It sometimes happens that insulated objects under HVDC transmission lines are charged by the ion current generated by corona discharge, producing a high voltage. ' This phenomenon, that is to say the ion flow electrification, is an important factor in determining the conductor height of DC lines. In addition, the electric field and the-ion current density at the ground are considered to be significant electrical environmental factors in related to the biological effects. Since the quantity of generated ions depends greatly on meteorological conditions and the condition of the conductor surfaces, in order to make a reliable predetermination of the ion current and of the voltage of charged objects under the lines, long-term measurements on a full-scale line are. required. In CRIEPI, long-term tests have been performed on the Shiobara and the Takeyama test line in order to clarify the properties of the ion flow electrification of objects under DC lines. These tests have revealed findings such as that the voltage of charged objects is nearly inversely proportional to the square of the conductor height.l 11 Meanwhile, the long-term measurements of the electric field and ion current at the ground have been performed on the BPA CeliloSylmar DC Intertie, etc. As a result, it has become clear that the field at the ground is greatly enhanced by the presence of space charge.l2l 131[41 Thus, since ions exert a great influence on the field around DC lines, it is important to clarify the relation among the field, ion current and corona current. ' In the previous paper, a new method of calculation was proposed for analyzing the effect of corona and electric field on DC lines.15 This method involves the introduction of the conductor surface gradient in the presence of space charge, that is to say the resultant conductor surface gradient. In this paper, the ion current and electric field were calculated in no wind condition by using this method. The principal symbols used in this paper are as follows.
Immunohistochemistry Can Help Distinguish Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinomas From Bile Duct Adenomas and Hamartomas of the Liver

Not uncommonly, bile duct adenomas (BDAs) and hamartomas (BDHs) of the liver may be difficult to distinguish from metastatic well-differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. However, this distinction is critical for proper staging and patient management. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if a panel of immunohistochemical stains can help distinguish BDA or BDH from metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the liver. Routinely processed tissue sections from 25 BDA, 10 BDH, 25 metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinomas to the liver and 6 cases each of metastatic colorectal, breast, and lung adenocarcinomas were immunohistochemically stained for CK7, CK8/CK18, CK19, CK20, p53, p63, TAG-72, monoclonal CEA (mCEA), polyclonal CEA (pCEA), HER-2/neu, AMACR (alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase), Dpc4 (Smad4), and mesothelin. The slides were evaluated in a blinded fashion, and the results were compared between the benign and malignant lesions. Significantly more (P < 0.05) metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinomas were positive for CK20 (76%), p53 (60%), TAG-72 (88%), mCEA (92%), HER2/neu (40%), and mesothelin (64%) and showed loss of Dpc4 (44%), in comparison to BDA (CK20, 40%; p53, 0%; TAG-72, 0%; mCEA, 0%; HER2/neu, 12%; mesothelin, 0%; loss of Dpc4, 0%) or BDH (CK20, 10%; p53, 0%; TAG-72, 0%; mCEA, 10%; HER2/neu, 0%; mesothelin, 0%; loss of Dpc4, 0%). Of these antibodies, p53, TAG-72, mCEA, loss of Dpc4, and mesothelin had the highest specificity for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, with mCEA having the highest sensitivity (92%). No significant differences were observed in the degree of CK7, CK8/CK18, CK19, or pCEA expression between the three types of lesions. Although none of the BDA or BDH was positive for either p63 or AMACR, two of the metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinomas (8%) were positive for each of these peptides (P > 0.05). For nonpancreatic adenocarcinomas, mCEA showed a reasonably high sensitivity and 100% specificity in the differential diagnosis versus BDA. Immunohistochemical expression of p53, TAG-72, mCEA, mesothelin, and loss of Dpc4 can help distinguish metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the liver from BDA or BDH. Although p63 and AMACR are also specific for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, their low sensitivity limits their use in clinical practice.
Uterovaginal Prolapse-A Study In South Indian Women

Prevalence of uterovaginal prolapse is increasing with increase in life expectancy of women. The reported prevalence of uterovaginal prolapse is different in different countries. Various studies have been reported on the prevalence, determinants, clinical manifestations and treatment modalities of uterovaginal prolapse. The objective is to determine the prevalence of uterovaginal prolapse, identify determinants of uterovaginal prolapse. Retrospective study done on uterovaginal prolapse in Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, Tamilnadu in India from 15 April 2016 to 15 August 2016. The Prevalence of uterovaginal prolapse is 1.6%. The mean age of the patients in our study was 49yrs. 60.5 % women with prolapse were post-menopausal. 94% of women were multiparous. The predominant presenting complaint was history of mass protruding out of vagina. Non-surgical treatment was offered for 17%. Ward mayo’s surgery was the predominant surgical treatment offered. Post-menopausal state with its hypo estrogenic hormonal milieu adding to the already weakened supports due to prolonged labour and vaginal delivery involving the sphincter and vaginal tear are the main determinants of uterovaginal prolapse.
Comparison of cystatin C and creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate formulas with 51Cr-EDTA clearance in patients with cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Renal function is an important predictor of survival in cirrhosis and liver transplantation. GFR estimates using serum cystatin C (CysC) are proposed as better predictors of renal function than ones on the basis of serum creatinine (Cr). Our aims were: (1) evaluate correlations between serum CysC and different methods of creatinine measurements; (2) compare CysC and Cr GFR formulas with (51)Cr-EDTA; and (3) evaluate liver-related parameters potentially influencing GFR. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS 254 blood samples in 65 patients with cirrhosis correlating CysC with four Cr methods were used; another 74 patients comparing (51)Cr-EDTA GFR to Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Larsson and Hoek formulas for CysC were also included. Agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman plots and concordance correlation coefficients. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used for GFR predictors. RESULTS Serum CysC correlated modestly with O'Leary modified Jaffe, compensated kinetic Jaffe, enzymatic creatinine, and standard kinetic Jaffe 0.72/0.71/0.72/0.72 (all P < 0.001). Bland-Altman agreement with (51)Cr-EDTA GFR was poor; the best agreement was Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (concordance 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.71); the worst agreement was the Hoek formula (concordance 0.46; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.61). A new GFR formula including the Child-Pugh score improved the accuracy of Cr GFR formulas compared with (51)Cr-EDTA GFR. CONCLUSIONS Estimated GFR in cirrhosis is not better with CysC formulas compared with creatinine ones: specific formulas may be necessary.