Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluctuation theory of ambient noise imaging Analyse des fluctuations pour l'imagerie par bruit ambiant

Travel time estimation and reflector imaging can be carried o ut using the cross correlations of signals generated by ambient noise sources and recorded at sensor arrays. We study here the mean and variance of the estimated quantities both with respect to the distribution of the noise sources an d with respect to the distribution of the randomly scatterin g medium. In particular, we discuss the trade-off between resolution enhancement due to illumination diversification by scattering and the associated signal-to-noise ratio reduc tion, also due to scattering.
Varieties of Governance

The reform of corporate governance is again on the agenda in the wake of Enron and excessive risk-taking by financial institutions. However, the search for new and better forms of governance often seems to lack guiding principles. A theory of corporate governance ought to emerge from a theory of the firm. Yet, the literature shows how this project is both difficult and far from complete. In this paper we review how existing theory provides a variety of arguments favouring either a shareholder or a stakeholder orientation. These arguments may depend on whether the prime objective for governance is improved current performance or a more long-term focus for firms. A brief review of recent US governance reforms is given as a backdrop to discussing more far-reaching proposals that have emerged in the recent literature; a greater role for institutional investors on the one hand or a return to managerial capitalism on the other.
Warm summers and ion concentrations in snow: comparison of present day with Medieval Warm Epoch from snow pits and an ice core from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard

Snow pits sampled during two consecutive years (2001, 2002) at the summit of Lomonosovfonna ice cap in central Spitsbergen, Svalbard, showed that ion concentrations were spatially homogeneous. The snowpack on Lomonosovfonna shows no evidence of aerosol deposition from Arctic haze, in contrast to Holtedahlfonna (a glacier at a similar altitude in northern Spitsbergen) where there is a clear signature. In common with many other ice caps in the Arctic, Lomonosovfonna experiences periodic melting, and the deepest of the snow pits contained a record of one exceptionally warm (2001) and one long summer (2000). The most easily eluted species are nitrate and the divalent ions. Very low ion concentrations and high values of a melt indicator log([Na+]/[Mg2+]) were a result of either deep percolation or runoff of ions during melting. Comparing the snow-pit record with the ion record of more than 800 years from an ice core drilled on Lomonosovfonna in 1997 reveals some layers with similar composition to those that suffered significant melting in the snowpack: a few years in the 20th century and around AD 1750, and all of the core from before AD 1200 show unusually heavy melting.
Common Fixed Point and Invariant Approximation Results on Non-Starshaped Domains

Abstract We extend the concept of 𝑅-subweakly commuting maps due to Shahzad [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 257: 39–45, 2001] to the case of non-starshaped domains and obtain common fixed point results for this class of maps on non-starshaped domains in the setup of Fréchet spaces. As applications, we establish Brosowski–Meinardus type approximation theorems. Our results unify and extend the results of Al-Thagafi, Dotson, Habiniak, Jungck and Sessa, Sahab, Khan and Sessa and Shahzad.
Image informatics for studying signal transduction in cells interacting with 3D matrices

Cells sense and respond to chemical stimuli on their environment via signal transduction pathways, complex networks of proteins whose interactions transmit chemical information. This work describes an implementation of image informatics, imaging-based methodologies for studying signal transduction networks. The methodology developed focuses on studying signal transduction networks in cells that interact with 3D matrices. It utilizes shRNA-based knock down of network components, 3D high-content imaging of cells inside the matrix by spectral multi-photon microscopy, and single-cell quantification using features that describe both cell morphology and cell-matrix adhesion pattern. The methodology is applied in a pilot study of TGFβ signaling via the SMAD pathway in fibroblasts cultured inside porous collagen-GAG scaffolds, biomaterials similar to the ones used clinically to induce skin regeneration. Preliminary results suggest that knocking down all rSMAD components affects fibroblast response to TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 isoforms in different ways, and suggest a potential role for SMAD1 and SMAD5 in regulating TGFβ isoform response. These preliminary results need to be verified with proteomic results that can provide solid evidence about the particular role of individual components of the SMAD pathway.
Comparison of Microstructures and Properties for a Ni-Base Superalloy ( Alloy 625 ) Fabricated by Electron and Laser Beam Melting

Nickel-based superalloys processed by additive manufacturing have demonstrated directional solidification, which has been shown to equal or improve mechanical properties compared to cast and wrought alloys. Inconel 625 cylinders have been manufactured by electron beam melting (EBM) and selective laser melting (SLM) and compared. EBM cylinders were built in the Z-axis direction (parallel to the build direction), and SLM cylinders were built in XY-axis (perpendicular to build direction) and Z-axis directions. The microstructures of as-fabricated as well as fabricated and HIPed cylinders were characterized by light optical metallography (LOM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive (X-ray) spectroscopy (EDS). EBM fabricated components contained columnar plates of γ (Ni3Nb) precipitates while SLM components contained columnar arrays of fine γ nanoparticles. The EBM fabricated and HIPed samples and SLM fabricated and HIPed samples exhibited equiaxed grains, but both components contained complex arrays of dissimilar precipitates.
ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION AND DIVIDEND PAYOUT POLICY: EVIDENCE FROM IRAN STOCK EXCHANGE

This study aims to investigate impact of asymmetric information on dividend payout policy in context of Iran. An analysis has been made as evidence taking sample (170 firms) of listed non-financial firms from the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The dataset includes Iran listed firms during the period 2009-2011. The results indicate a positive relationship between information asymmetry and dividend payout ratio which is confirms the signaling theory in Iran capital market. Other results direct a negative relationship between leverage ratio and dividend payout ratio. Also, there is a significantand positive correlation between firm size and dividend payout ratio. However, no relationship was found between earnings per share and dividend payout ratio.
PD4: mitigating conflict and violence in Africa’s rapidly growing cities

Over the past 50 years, the urban population of sub-Saharan Africa has expanded at a historically unprecedented rate. Although there is little evidence that urbanisation increases the likelihood of conflict or violence in a country, Africa’s urban transition has occurred in a context of economic stagnation and poor governance, producing conditions conducive to social unrest and violence. In order to improve urban security in the years ahead the underlying risk factors must be addressed, including urban poverty, inequality and fragile political institutions. This, in turn, requires improving urban governance in the region, including strengthening the capacity of local government institutions, addressing the complex political dynamics that impede effective urban planning and management, and cultivating integrated development strategies that involve cooperation between various tiers and spheres of government and civil society.
GIS-based Multi-Criteria Analysis of Wind Farm Development

Due to the negative impact on the environment of traditional powergenerating methods, especially coal and oil-fired power stations wind power has increased in popularity. Achieving the goal set by the EU due to the implementation of the Kyoto protocol will require further expansion, and in order to facilitate this process around the Baltic Sea. A project – Wind Energy in the Baltic Sea Region financed by EU / INTERREG III B was initiated in order to develop methods and tools to support spatial planning in relation to wind energy. The aim of the current study is to develop multi-criteria evaluations, which can provide tools for analysing the complex trade-offs between choice alternatives with different environmental and socio-economic impacts. The weaknesses of the Boolean logic have been recognised in recent years and a fuzzy logic approach is applied in the system design. The developed methodology is based on data form Northern Jutland, but later on this kind of multi-criteria will be used in the in Finland and Estonia.
Comparing CNR, SNR, and Image Quality of CT Images Reconstructed with Soft Kernel, Standard Kernel, and Standard Kernel plus ASIR 30% Techniques: Bhosale P. Image quality using different reconstruction algorithms with ASIR

AIM: Compare effect of soft kernel (SK) and 30% adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) and standard kernel (StK) techniques on image quality. Materials and Methods: Three radiologists blinded to the type of reconstruction kernel used, independently reviewed 2.5mm-thick- axial abdominal CT-scans performed for 66-randomly selected patients, optimized for oncologic imaging. The filtered-back-projection images were reconstructed using: SK, ASIR 30% and StK. The Contrast to noise ratio (CNRs) and Signal to noise ration (SNRs) were calculated. The visibility and sharpness of abdominal structures were rated (qualitatively) . Summary of pair-wise comparisons among series for CNRs and SNRs were performed. Estimates and standard-error were based on a linear mixed model. P values were adjusted using the Tukey-Kramer method to control overall type I error rate. Results: Image series reconstructed with SK or ASIR had higher CNRs than those with StK alone ( P < .009 and .002, respectively). Qualitatively images reconstructed with ASIR or SK were better than with the StK ( P < .05). SK produced significantly fewer artifacts than ASIR 30%. There was no difference in the SNR among series. Conclusion: Images reconstructed with SK or ASIR had better image quality than StK. Scanners that cannot use ASIR may benefit from using the SK technique to improve image quality. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
Nimuendajú was right: The inclusion of the jabutí language family in the Macro-Jê stock1

So far, the available data on the Arikapú and Djeoromitxí languages of the Brazilian Amazon, which together form the Jabutí language family, have been too sparse to enable one to evaluate existing proposals for a genealogical classification. Recent descriptive fieldwork, however, has yielded information that strongly corroborates an early hypothesis of Nimuendajú (2000 [1935]) that the languages are related to those of the Jê family. In this article, we compare the reconstructed ancestors of both families, Proto-Jabutí (van der Voort 2007) and Proto-Jê (Ribeiro [forthcoming]), ultimately demonstrating that Nimuendajú was right. We also discuss some of the consequences of this discovery for current ideas about prehistoric population movements in lowland South America.
The structuralist tradition in economics: methodological and macroeconomics aspects

*This paper examines the structuralist tradition in economics, emphasizing the role that structures play in the economic growth of developing countries. Since the subject at hand is evidently too large to cover in a single article, an emphasis has been brought to bear upon the macroeconomic elements of such a tradition, while also exploring its methodological aspects. It begins by analysing some general aspects of structuralism in economics (its evolution and origins) associated with ECLAC thought, in this instance focusing on the dynamics of the center-periphery relationship. Thereafter, the macroeconomic structuralism derived from the works of Taylor (1983, 1991) is presented, followed by a presentation of neo-structuralism. Centred on the concept of systemic competitiveness, this approach defines a strategy to achieve the high road of globalization, understood here as an inevitable process in spite of its engagement being dependent on the policies adopted. The conclusions show the genuine contributions of this tradition to economic theory.
Learners and Their Self-Disclosure Preferences

To understand and identify information-sharing preferences among online students, a US survey collected data from university students. Specifically, this study analyzes students’ information disclosure preferences and to what extent demographics influence a student’s willingness to disclose personal information. This study also examines whether or not students feel more comfortable sharing information with specific user groups, such as teachers, teachers’ assistants (TAs), classmates, or friends. While using the communication privacy management theory as a theoretical framework, it was found that graduate students were significantly more likely than undergraduate students to share information with many different groups. Specifically, graduate students disclosed more information to teachers, classmates, group-members, and the TA group when compared to undergraduate students. In addition, graduate students were more likely than undergraduate students to share specific categories of information, including work-related information and contact information. These results provide important insights into how graduate students and undergraduate students interact within online learning environments.
Human-environment interactions at the wetland edge in East London: trackways, platforms and Bronze Age responses to environmental change

An archaeological excavation at the Golfers’ Driving Range site at Beckton, on the margin of the former East London wetlands, revealed a timber platform and trackway within peat deposits, dating to the Early and Middle Bronze Age respectively. The site is located in a landscape where a large number of trackway structures of Late Bronze Age date have been encountered on adjoining land parcels at the Beckton Nursery, Beckton 3D and the A13 Woolwich Manor Way sites. The platform consisted of two layers, a substructure and a superstructure. The trackway was of simple brushwood construction, primarily consisting of three layers of small roundwood rods laid along the track. A cow’s deciduous tooth was recovered from near the base of the roundwood. The trackway and platform are likely to have played a role in the herding of livestock on the rich wetland pasture out in the marsh. The high-resolution palaeoenvironmental sequence demonstrates that the trackway and platform are associated with a period of increasing wetness of the marsh surface preceded by cereal cultivation in the vicinity on the adjoining dry land. During the period of use of the timber structures cereal cultivation is absent, but returns following the abandonment of the constructions, and further increases in wetness on the marshland surface. INTRODUCTION
MELHORANDO A AMBIÊNCIA DE UMA UNIDADE BÁSICA DE SAÚDE ATRAVÉS DO PROGRAMA “5S"

The present work reports an experience, experienced during the undergraduate nursing course, in a UBS, in the city of Vitória da Conquista, from February to May 2017. The main purpose was to analyze the implementation of the 5S program At UBS, illustrating the various phases and discussing their importance and advantages. For this, the main problems of the unit were selected, thus being able to set goals that provided a quality performance. It was noticed that the disorganization was an aggravating factor that compromised the quality of the assistance or even the performance of the professionals. In this way, despite the structural limitations of UBS, we sought to adapt the environment, with the reorganization of materials and equipment. In addition to cleaning and proper identification of files and cabinets. Health care establishments have been betting on a continuous improvement in the organization, not only thinking about customer satisfaction, but also the satisfaction of professionals. The application of the 5Ss implies a commitment and a great involvement of all, but, as this example suggests, can undoubtedly bring about a significant increase in the performance of professionals, while contributing to a more organized and tidy image of the installations, eliminating several Types of waste.
Genotoxicity Induced by Cypermethrin in the Zebrafish

Cypermethrin (Cyp), is one of the most common contaminants in freshwater aquatic systems. We evaluated its possible genotoxic effect and oxidative stress in retinal cells of adult zebrafish exposed to 0.3 μg/L and 0.6 μg/L Cyp. Both the histological and immunofluorescence (IF) techniques showed the presence of apoptotic cells in the zebrafish retina after 9 days of treatment with 0.6 μg/L Cyp. Thus, histone γ-H2AX, a double-stranded DNA damage marker, was immunodetected in both the outer and inner nuclear layer after exposure to 0.6 μg/L Cyp for 12 days, while the anti-caspase-3 apoptotic antibody was detected in the outer nuclear layer. Compared with the morphological evidence, the damage index (DI) showed significant differences with 0.3 μg/L from day 9, while with 0.6 μg/L all the stages evaluated showed very significant differences. According to these results, it was verified that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased significantly after exposure to 0.6 μg/L Cyp. The same treatment caused a significant positive regulation of the mRNA levels of both genes. These results indicate that Cyp causes DNA damage and oxidative stress. This pyrethroid also has the potential to induce apoptosis in the cells of the retina.
Productivity Assessment of Drought Tolerant Rice Cultivars under Different Crop Management Practices in Central Terai of Nepal

Proper selections of resource conservation technologies and drought tolerant cultivars are being potential strategies determining productivity of rice in drought prone areas. Thus, a field experiment was accomplished in central-terai of Nepal during 2014 to assess the productivity of drought tolerant rice cultivars under different crop management practices. The experiment was carried out in strip-plot design with three replications consisting four drought tolerant rice cultivars and three crop management practices. The analyzed data revealed that SRI (System of Rice Intensification) produced significantly higher grain yield (5.28 t ha-1) than other management practices. The straw yield of SRI (5.12 t ha-1) was also significantly higher than other management practices. The cultivars had no influence on grain yield, but the straw yield was significantly influenced by cultivars, with the highest straw yield in Sukkha-3 (5.21 t ha-1). Thus, SRI management practice can be adopted as adaptation approach for obtaining higher productivity in central terai and similar agro-climatic regions of Nepal.
All-sky census of Galactic high-latitude molecular intermediate-velocity clouds

The HI halo clouds of the Milky Way, and in particular the intermediate-velocity clouds (IVCs), are thought to be connected to Galactic fountain processes. Observations of fountain clouds are important for understanding the role of matter recycling and accretion onto the Galactic disk and subsequent star formation. Here, we quantify the amount of molecular gas in the Galactic halo. We focus on the rare class of molecular IVCs (MIVCs) and search for new objects. The HI-FIR correlation was studied across the entire northern and southern Galactic hemispheres at Galactic latitudes $|b|>20^\circ$ to determine the amount and distribution of molecular gas in IVCs. We used the most recent large-scale HI and FIR data, the Effelsberg Bonn-HI Survey, the Parkes Galactic All-Sky Survey, and the Planck FIR surveys. We present a catalogue of 239 MIVC candidates on the northern and southern Galactic hemispheres. Among these candidates, all previously known MIVCs are recovered except for one single source. The frequency of candidates differs significantly between the northern and southern Galactic hemispheres and between negative and positive LSR velocities as well. In our approach we analyse the local Galactic environment. Extrapolating our results to the entire Galaxy, the global inflow of atomic and molecular IVC gas onto the Milky Way may account for the major fraction of the gaseous mass that is required to sustain the current Galactic star formation rate.
The importance of temporal resolution for niche modelling in dynamic marine environments

Highly dynamic ocean environments can experience dramatic changes over relatively short timeframes, affecting the spatial distribution of resources and therefore the presence or absence of highly mobile species. We use simulation studies to investigate how different temporal resolutions might affect the results of species distribution models for highly mobile species (e.g. cetaceans) in marine environments.
Alexithymia and Memory for Facial Emotions

La alexitimia es un constructo de personalidad multifacetica que abarca, entre otras caracteristicas, dificultades en la identificacion y descripcion de emociones. La investigacion previa sugiere que la alexitimia se asocia con pobre memoria de reconocimiento para palabras emocionales. Este estudio abordo la pregunta de si la memoria para las caras emocionales varia en funcion de la alexitimia. El 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) y mediciones de depresion, ansiedad-rasgo e inteligencia se administraron a 40 mujeres sanas. Durante la codificacion se presentaron rostros de enojo, temeroso, feliz, y se presentaron rostros neutrales. Despues de 30 minutos se llevo a cabo una prueba de reconocimiento. El analisis de correlacion parcial revelo que la escala TAS-20 y la descripcion de sentimientos se correlaciono inversamente con adecuado reconocimiento de rostros temerosos y enojados. La alexitimia parece afectar negativamente a la memoria para los rostros emocionales negativos.