Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classical simulation of quantum entanglement without local hidden variables

cation is required to be absolutely bounded, we show that a finite number of bits of local hidden variables is insufficient to simulate a Bell state. This latter result is based on an analysis of the nondeterministic communication complexity of the NOT-EQUAL function, which is constant in the quantum model and logarithmic in the classical model.
Temperature effect on compression and collapsibility of residual granitic soil

This research aims to investigate the effect of temperature changes on the compression index and collapse potential of the residual granitic soil that is widely encountered in Malaysia. An experimental study was conducted on the compacted soil using a modified temperaturecontrolled oedometer. Temperatures of 27, 40, and 60 oC were applied on two series of soil specimens with different values of dry density. Experimental results showed that the value of compression index is independent of temperature. On the other hand, heating caused a reduction in collapse potential, which was more pronounced at low dry density.
Unexpected development of autoimmunity in BAFF‐R‐mutant MRL‐lpr mice

BAFF‐R is the predominant receptor that mediates B‐cell activating factor (BAFF)‐dependent B‐cell signalling and plays a critical role in late‐stage B‐cell maturation and survival. BAFF has been implicated in the development of autoimmunity and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To define the role of BAFF‐R in autoimmunity and SLE, we crossed A/WySnJ mice with MRL‐lpr mice and generated BAFF‐R‐mutant MRL‐lpr mice. The BAFF‐R mutation markedly impaired the development of immature, mature and marginal zone B cells in the spleens of MRL‐lpr mice. Unexpectedly, the BAFF‐R mutation in MRL‐lpr mice did not result in decreased autoantibody production, hypergammaglobulinaemia or immune complex‐mediated glomerulonephritis. Rather, the ability of BAFF‐R‐mutant lpr splenic B cells to produce immunoglobulins in vitro was not decreased, although germinal centre formation, antibody response and B‐cell proliferation were impaired. Further studies found increased numbers of B cells in the bone marrow of BAFF‐R‐mutant MRL‐lpr mice compared to the BAFF‐R‐intact lupus mice. ELISPOT analysis revealed that BAFF‐R‐mutant MRL‐lpr mice had more antibody‐secreting cells in their bone marrow than the control mice. Thus, these findings could explain the development of autoimmunity and hypergammaglobulinaemia observed in BAFF‐R‐mutant MRL‐lpr mice.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia: European Task Force on ventilator-associated pneumonia Chairmen of the Task Force: A. Torres and J. Carlet

This Task Force was supported and endorsed by the following Societies: European Respiratory Society, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and European Society of Anaesthesiology. ⇓In the last decade, considerable investigational efforts have been made in the field of the management of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Several studies have provided important insights into the relationship of histology and bacteriology of VAP, which remain fundamental for all future research. Moreover, epidemiological research has allowed establishment of concepts for empiric initial antimicrobial treatment that are expected to improve clinical outcomes. Important contributions have also been made regarding prevention of VAP. Fig. 1. — However, despite these advances, the majority of issues related to the management of VAP remain unresolved and are subject to controversy. This is particularly true for the diagnostic evaluation of the patient with suspected VAP. The lack of consensus regarding the best way to diagnose VAP explains in part why incidence rates vary widely from one study to another, from 5 to >50% of mechanically ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients. In this review, a panel of experts in the field of VAP from four European societies has tried to provide an overview of the most important aspects under debate. In order to stimulate further research and discussion, presentation of the main topics was focussed on the breaking current knowledge. The issue of attributable mortality, which is also a matter of controversy, will not be addressed in this review. Each section of the review has been written in an attempt to answer three main questions: 1) what is not controversial, 2) what is still controversial and 3) what should be investigated? The following topics were reviewed: clinical diagnosis, bacteriological and histological aspects, aetiology, diagnostic techniques, antimicrobial treatment and prevention. #### What is not controversial? Clinical criteria for the diagnosis …
The Yeast Plasma Membrane ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Aus1

The ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter Aus1 is expressed under anaerobic growth conditions at the plasma membrane of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is required for sterol uptake. These observations suggest that Aus1 promotes the translocation of sterols across membranes, but the precise transport mechanism has yet to be identified. In this study, an extraction and purification procedure was developed to characterize the Aus1 transporter. The detergent-solubilized protein was able to bind and hydrolyze ATP. Mutagenesis of the conserved lysine to methionine in the Walker A motif abolished ATP hydrolysis. Likewise, ATP hydrolysis was inhibited by classical inhibitors of ABC transporters. Upon reconstitution into proteoliposomes, the ATPase activity of Aus1 was specifically stimulated by phosphatidylserine (PS) in a stereoselective manner. We also found that Aus1-dependent sterol uptake, but not Aus1 expression and trafficking to the plasma membrane, was affected by changes in cellular PS levels. These results suggest a direct interaction between Aus1 and PS that is critical for the activity of the transporter.
Unusually severe expression of craniofacial features in Aarskog‐Scott syndrome due to a novel truncating mutation of the FGD1 gene

Aarskog‐Scott syndrome (AAS) is a rare, clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition characterized by facial dysmorphic features, short stature, brachydactyly, and genital anomalies. The X‐linked form is caused by mutations of the FGD1 gene. Although clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria are well established, diagnosis is not simple, as the spectrum of phenotypical features may be extremely variable. Here, we report on the clinical and genetic characterization of a family in which molecular analyses revealed the inheritance of a novel truncating mutation of the FDG1 gene (c.945insC) in two affected brothers, with one of them displaying unusually severe craniofacial abnormalities. This previously unreported combination of anomalies might be due to the occurrence of two distinct disorders (AAS and hemifacial microsomia) or may represent an extension of the AAS phenotypic spectrum. Our findings highlight the phenotypic heterogeneity of AAS, supporting the opinion that the FGD1 mutations result in a broad spectrum of severity and, in some cases, may express a clinical appearance very different than typically described. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Danijel DŽINO THE CELTS IN ILLYRICUM – WHOEVER THEY MAY BE : THE HYBRIDIZATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF IDENTITIES IN SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE IN THE FOURTH AND THIRD CENTURIES

The current view of the scholarship is that ‘Celtic’ migration in the fourth and third centuries BC significantly impacted on the formation of identities in central and southeastern Europe. This work questions the notion of ‘Celtic’ identity and patterns of ‘roaming tribal migrations’ in light of recent criticisms, using post-modernistic notions of culture and ethnicity as a fluent and socially constructed phenomena, as well as contextual criticism of the Greco-Roman discourse on barbarians that is presented in written sources from antiquity. The ‘Celtic’ arrival in southeastern Europe and the formation of identities with a ‘Celtic ethnic element’, such as Scordiscan, are seen here in regional settings and explained as a consequence of the process of hybridization and restructuring of existing identities through a selective acceptance of global cultural templates from the Mediterranean and temperate Europe. Danijel DŽINO
Prevalence of obesity among adults: United States, 2011-2012.

KEY FINDINGS Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012. More than one-third (34.9%) of adults were obese in 2011-2012. In 2011-2012, the prevalence of obesity was higher among middle-aged adults (39.5%) than among younger (30.3%) or older (35.4%) adults. The overall prevalence of obesity did not differ between men and women in 2011-2012. Among non-Hispanic black adults, however, 56.6% of women were obese compared with 37.1% of men. In 2011-2012, the prevalence of obesity was higher among non-Hispanic black (47.8%), Hispanic (42.5%), and non-Hispanic white (32.6%) adults than among non-Hispanic Asian adults (10.8%). The prevalence of obesity among adults did not change between 2009-2010 and 2011-2012.
What is known about adverse events in older medical hospital inpatients? A systematic review of the literature.

PURPOSE Large international studies have shown that older hospital inpatients are at particular risk of adverse events. The purpose of this review was to synthesize data from studies designed to assess the scale and nature of this harm, with the ultimate aim of informing the development of new safety and quality measurement tools to facilitate improved hospital care for these vulnerable patients. DATA SOURCES STUDY SELECTION and data extraction A systematic search using Ovid SP and other sources was carried out, rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and quality assessment of included studies was conducted. Data were synthesized to give a picture of the incidence, types, causes, preventability and outcomes of adverse events in older medical inpatients. RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS Nine relevant studies were identified. A wide range of adverse event incidences were reported, from 5.29 to 6.2% in re-analyses of large adverse event studies, to 60% in studies in which the development of 'geriatric syndromes' (e.g. falls, delirium, incontinence) was also considered to be adverse events. Important causative factors other than age included clinical complexity, co-morbidity, illness severity, reduced functional ability and lower quality of care. Adverse events in older people lead to unnecessary interventions with resultant complications and increased length of stay. CONCLUSION More work is needed to understand the complex nature of adverse events in older inpatients. We must tailor safety measurement and improvement strategies to address challenges presented by the complexity of the geriatric syndromes and the processes of care encountered by older inpatients.
Advances of Squamata astroglia to other reptiles: Numerous astrocytes and glial librillary acidic protein (GFAP)-free areas. A preliminary study

Squamata are diapsid reptiles. Testudines were positioned formerly to the most ancient group, Anapsida, but recently they are also classified as diapsid reptiles, although their position within this group is uncertain. The investigated species of this study involved lizards (Timon tanginatus, Lacertidae; Pogona vitticeps, Agamidae; Eublepharis macularis, Gekkota; Chameleo calypratus, Chameleonidae), snakes (Epicrates cenchria maurus, Boidae; Python regius, Pythonidae; Pantherophis guttata and P. obsoletus quadrivittatus, Colubridae), and turtles (Testudo hermanni, Testudinidae; Trachemys scripta and Mauremys sinensis, Emydidae; Pelomedusa subrufa, Pleurodira). They were overanasthetised with Nembutal and transcardially perfused with 4% buffered paraformaldehyde. Coronal sections were processed according to the immunoperoxidase protocol. Monoclonal anti-GFAP and other glial markers were used. The main astroglia were the radial ependymoglia. There were two principal advances in Squamata. First, astrocytes were frequent in several areas, although, nowhere predominated. Furthermore, considerable GFAP-poor areas were found. They were extended in Python, and in Pogona and Chamaeleo GFAP was almost missing throughout the brain. The Squamata share more common astroglial features with birds than the turtles, although, represents a separate branch (Lepidosauria versus Archosauria). In mammals and birds the GFAP-free areas are usually advanced, expanded and plastic ones. Note that Squamata display quite complex behavioural phenomena related to other reptiles. Acta Biol Szeged 59(Suppl.3):353-360 (2015) Key WordS brain evolution GFAP lizards snakes turtles Submitted June 15, 2015; Accepted July 30, 2015 *Corresponding author. E-mail: misimiska@gmail.com
Modeling dynamic experiments on the anaerobic degradation of molasses wastewater

The kinetics of anaerobic degradation of a molasses wastewater were measured under constant pH conditions in a laboratory scale packed bed reactor. In continuous and batch experiments the formation and degradation rates of the organic acids (butyric, propionic and acetic) have been followed. The influence of hydrogen gas on the acid degradation rates has been measured and, contrary to the literature and the thermo‐dynamic calculations, no inhibition was detected, biofilm diffusional effects may be the reason. Two dynamic simulation models were tested, a heterogeneous model, which considered the biofilm diffusion–reaction phenomena and a quasihomogeneous model with the same kinetics. Except for hydrogen, the diffusion effects were found to be negligible. Otherwise both models gave essentially the same results and the time profiles of acids, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane agreed relatively well with dynamic startup experiments. Batch experiments showed the acid concentrations to be highly sensitive to the initial molasses concentration. This aspect was not included in the model but is being investigated further.
A Comparative Study of SIFT and its Variants

SIFT is an image local feature description algorithm based on scale-space. Due to its strong matching ability, SIFT has many applications in different fields, such as image retrieval, image stitching, and machine vision. After SIFT was proposed, researchers have never stopped tuning it. The improved algorithms that have drawn a lot of attention are PCA-SIFT, GSIFT, CSIFT, SURF and ASIFT. In this paper, we first systematically analyze SIFT and its variants. Then, we evaluate their performance in different situations: scale change, rotation change, blur change, illumination change, and affine change. The experimental results show that each has its own advantages. SIFT and CSIFT perform the best under scale and rotation change. CSIFT improves SIFT under blur change and affine change, but not illumination change. GSIFT performs the best under blur change and illumination change. ASIFT performs the best under affine change. PCA-SIFT is always the second in different situations. SURF performs the worst in different situations, but runs the fastest.
Disordered hyperuniformity in two-component nonadditive hard-disk plasmas.

We study the behavior of a classical two-component ionic plasma made up of nonadditive hard disks with additional logarithmic Coulomb interactions between them. Due to the Coulomb repulsion, long-wavelength total density fluctuations are suppressed and the system is globally hyperuniform. Short-range volume effects lead to phase separation or to heterocoordination for positive or negative nonadditivities, respectively. These effects compete with the hidden long-range order imposed by hyperuniformity. As a result, the critical behavior of the mixture is modified, with long-wavelength concentration fluctuations partially damped when the system is charged. It is also shown that the decrease of configurational entropy due to hyperuniformity originates from contributions beyond the two-particle level. Finally, despite global hyperuniformity, we show that in our system the spatial configuration associated with each component separately is not hyperuniform, i.e., the system is not "multihyperuniform. "
On Deployment and Military Suicide Risk.

The study by Reger et al published in JAMA Psychiatry [72(6):561-569] reported that deployment history was not associated with suicide death among military personnel who had deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan. Their results converge with several previously published studies but contradict findings obtained from other studies, thereby again raising the question about whether deployment is a risk factor for suicide among military personnel. Language: en
Long-Term Follow-up of Dynamic Balance, Pain and Functional Performance in Cruciate Retaining and Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background: With the perceived pain and poor function experienced following knee arthroplasty, patients usually feel un-satisfied. Yet, a controversy still persists on the appropriate operative technique that doesn’t affect proprioception much. Purpose: This study compared the effects of Cruciate Retaining (CR) and Posterior Stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA on dynamic balance, pain and functional performance following rehabilitation. Methods: Thirty patients with CRTKA (group I), thirty with PSTKA (group II) and fifteen indicated for arthroplasty but weren’t operated on yet (group III) participated in the study. The mean age was 54.53±3.44, 55.13±3.48 and 55.33±2.32 years and BMI 35.7±3.03, 35.7±1.99 and 35.73±1.03 kg/m2 for groups I, II and III respectively. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS), WOMAC pain subscale and Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) and Stair-Climbing (SC) tests were used for assessment. Assessments were conducted four weeks preand post-operatively, three, six and twelve months post-operatively with the control group being assessed at the same time intervals. The post-operative rehabilitation involved hospitalization (1st week), home-based (2nd-4th weeks), and outpatient clinic (5th-12th weeks) programs, follow-up to all groups for twelve months. Results: The Mixed design MANOVA revealed that group I had significantly lower pain scores and SC time compared with group II three, six and twelve months post-operatively. Moreover, the BBS scores increased significantly and the pain scores and TUG and SC time decreased significantly six months post-operatively compared with four weeks preand post-operatively and three months postoperatively in groups I and II with the opposite being true four weeks post-operatively. But no significant differences in BBS scores, pain scores and TUG and SC time between six and twelve months postoperatively in groups I and II. Interpretation/Conclusion: CRTKA is preferable to PSTKA, possibly due to the preserved human proprioceptors in the un-excised PCL. Keywords—Dynamic Balance, Functional Performance, Knee Arthroplasty, Long-Term.
Abdominal CT with low tube voltage: preliminary observations about radiation dose, contrast enhancement, image quality, and noise.

PURPOSE To prospectively investigate the effect of low tube voltage on radiation dose, contrast enhancement, image quality, and image noise at abdominal dynamic computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS The institutional review board approved this study. Prior informed consent was obtained from all patients. Forty patients (24 women, 16 men; mean age, 62 years) underwent initial abdominal CT at 120 kV with 100 mL of contrast material (protocol A). Then all patients were randomly assigned to one of two protocols (protocol B, CT at 90 kV with 100 mL contrast material; protocol C, CT at 90 kV with 80 mL contrast material). The CT numbers of their abdominal organs were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Statistical analysis was performed by using the two-tailed paired t test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and kappa test of interobserver agreement. The radiation dose was measured with a phantom that consisted of glass-rod dosimeters. RESULTS Quantitative analysis revealed that protocols B and C yielded significantly better enhancement of the aorta, liver, pancreas, spleen, and kidney than did protocol A (P < .05). With qualitative analysis, the difference among the three protocols in regard to image quality was not significant. At 90 kV versus 120 kV, the radiation dose reduction in the center of the phantom was 56.8% (6.3 vs 14.6 mGy); in the periphery, it was 46.2% (13.6 vs 25.3 mGy). CONCLUSION By decreasing the tube voltage, the amount of contrast material can be reduced without image quality degradation. In scans obtained with a low tube voltage, the radiation dose can be reduced as much as 56.8%, and higher contrast material enhancement can be achieved.
Hearing impairment in essential tremor

Objective: To assess hearing in patients with essential tremor (ET) vs patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and normal controls. Methods: The authors assessed demographic and clinical information including use of hearing aids in 250 patients with ET, 127 patients with PD, and 127 normal controls. The authors administered the Nursing Home Hearing Handicap Index (NHHI), a validated measure of hearing disability. Regression techniques were used to adjust for factors such as age and sex. The authors assessed a complete audiologic evaluation in a subset of patients with ET. Results: Patients with ET had worse adjusted NHHI scores when compared to patients with PD (p < 0.001), controls (p < 0.001), and both (p < 0.001). A higher percentage of patients with ET also used hearing aids (p < 0.0001). In the ET group, hearing loss was associated with tremor severity (p = 0.02) and tended to be associated with older age (p = 0.06), male sex (p = 0.06), and the absence of dystonia (p = 0.18). Audiology testing was consistent with high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Central processing was not disproportionally greater than peripheral loss. Conclusion: Patients with ET have increased hearing disability compared to patients with PD and normal controls, which correlates with tremor severity.
Why and how to experiment: Methodologies from experimental economics

The emerging field of experimental economics uses human experiments to answer research and policy questions. This article discusses the methodology used in economics experiments, describes what experiments can tell the legal researcher and practitioner, and provides examples of economics experiments as used in legal settings. Additionally, the article provides some guidelines for conducting economics experiments and addresses the ways that these experiments differ from the more familiar psychological experiments.