Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Likelihood of Women Working in the Service Sector in Formal Enterprises: Evidence from Sub Saharan African Countries

The paper uses individual data for 9,957 female employees (drawn from a total sample of 29,332 individuals) in formal enterprises from 16 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries to analyse the likelihood of women in the service sector. A well-structured questionnaire was used in all the countries to collect the data required for the analysis. The data reveal that there is a significant higher presence of women (81.56 percent) working in services as compared to the manufacturing and agricultural sectors; indicating that the service sector is more favourable for women employment compared with men. This indicates that female employment not only in the service sector is a driver of growth, and thus high female employment rates indicate a country’s potential to grow more rapidly. More so, in many developing countries women’s employment is sometimes considered as a coping mechanism in response to economic shocks that hit the household. With regards to methodology, both demographic and household variables are used in the probit model. The findings indicate that there is a significant and positive participation of the female labor force in most of the countries. Age, household size, and tertiary education levels emerged as the most important and positive determinants in the model. Contrary to a priori expectation, the results show that marital status reduces the likelihood of a woman to be employed in the service sector. These findings could serve as useful inputs for the design of optimal sectorial employment policy measures aimed at promoting gender equality in SSA countries. Keywords: women, service sector, likelihood, probit model, Sub Saharan Africa
Cost Control Best Practices for Net Zero Energy Building Projects: Preprint

For net zero energy (NZE) buildings to become the norm in commercial construction, it will be necessary to design and construct these buildings cost effectively. While industry leaders have developed workflows (for procurement, design, and construction) to achieve cost-effective NZE buildings for certain cases, the expertise embodied in those workflows has limited penetration within the commercial building sector. Documenting cost control best practices of industry leaders in NZE and packaging those strategies for adoption by the commercial building sector will help make the business case for NZE. Furthermore, it will promote market uptake of the innovative technologies and design approaches needed to achieve NZE. This paper summarizes successful cost control strategies for NZE procurement, design, and construction that key industry users (such as building owners, architects, and designers) can incorporate into their everyday workflows. It will also evaluate the current state of NZE economics and propose a path forward for greater market penetration of NZE buildings. By demonstrating how to combine NZE technologies and design approaches into an overall efficiency package that can be implemented at minimal (zero, in certain cases) incremental capital cost, the domain of NZE design and construction can be expanded from a niche market to the commercial construction mainstream.
The Determinants of Life Insurance Demand In Central and Southeastern Europe

The main purpose of this study is to identify determinants of the demand of life insurance in 14 countries in Central and South- Eastern Europe (CSEE). We use fixed-effects panel model for the period 1998 - 2010 allowing each cross-sectional unit to have a different intercept term serving as an unobserved random variable that is potentially correlated with the observed regressors. We use two measures as a demand for life insurance: life insurance penetration and life insurance density. The research results show that higher, GDP per capita, inflation, health expenditure, level of education and rule of law are the most robust predictors of the use of life insurance. Real interest rates, ratio of quasi-money, young dependency ratio, old dependency ratio control of corruption and government effectiveness do not appear to be robustly associated with life insurance demand.
Secondary Atomization Characteristics of Biofuels with Different Physical Properties

A novel processing technique developed previously has now been automated and extended so that the complex shapes of fluid elements that dominate the secondary atomization process of mono-dispersed droplets in a constant velocity cross flow are classified and quantified. The experiments are conducted using high speed microscopic backlit imaging along with a calibrated image processing code, in conjunction with Laser Doppler Anemometry/Phase Doppler Anemometry (LDA/PDA) where applicable. Diesel, ethanol and a broad range of biodiesels with different flow-ability properties are investigated under a range of Weber numbers corresponding to bag, multi-mode, sheet stripping, and catastrophic breakup regimes. Using the parent droplet diameter and the object aspect ratio, the liquid filaments are classified into small spherical drops, larger objects and ligaments. It is found that at lower Weber numbers (We<100), fuel type influences the total breakup as reflected by the probability of detecting each of the three fragment types. The distinction is less clear at higher We where the probabilities for detecting various fluid shapes are similar for all fuels used here.
Paleomagnetism and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages from volcanics extruded during the Matuyama and Brunhes Chrons near McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Maps virtual geomagnetic poles derived from international geomagnetic reference ﬁeld models show large lobes with signiﬁcant departures from the spin axis. These lobes persist in ﬁeld models from the last few millenia. The anomalous lobes are associated with observation sites at extreme southerly latitudes. To determine whether these features persist for millions of years, paleomagnetic vector data from the continent of Antarctica are essential. We present here new paleomagnetic vector data and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages from lava ﬂows spanning Brunhes and Matuyama Chrons from the vicinity of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Oriented paleomagnetic samples were collected from 50 lava ﬂows by E. Mankinen and A. Cox in the 1965-1966 austral summer season. Preliminary data based largely on the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) directions were published by Mankinen and Cox [1988]. We have performed detailed paleomagnetic investigations of 37 sites with multiple fully oriented core samples to investigate the reliability of results from this unique sample collection. Of these, only one fails to meet our acceptance criteria for directional data. Seven are reversely magnetized. The mean normal and reverse directions are antipodal. The combined mean direction has ¯ D = 12 , ¯ I = − 86 , α = 4 , κ = 37 and is indistinguishable from that expected from a GAD ﬁeld. We obtained reproducible absolute paleointensity estimates from 15 lava ﬂows with a mean dipole moment of 49 ZAm 2 and a standard deviation of 28 ZAm 2 . 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age determinations were successfully carried out on samples from 18 of the ﬂows. Our new isotopic ages and paleomagnetic polarities are consistent with the currently accepted geomagnetic reversal time scales.
The Impact of Inpatient Electronic Sign-out on Quality and Patient Safety

Introduction: The transition of patient care to the resident on call during the sign-out/hand off is an integral part of residency training and is a time vulnerable to medical errors. Methods: Authors conducted the study from July 28th to December 14th 2014. Residents (n=26) were required to sign-out via the electronically via the SBAR (Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation) based electronic template. The quality of sign-out was assessed by night float questionnaire. The quality of the sign-out (scale 1 to 5), preventable morbidities, LOS, mortalities and readmissions were compared pre and post intervention for the admitted patients (pre= 184, post=172). Results: Improvement in the mean quality (Likert scale 1-5) of both the written sign-out, 3.0 to 3.8 (p<0.001), and verbal sign-out, 3.0 to 3.6 (p=0.002) (n=22 pre and post), was found. The preventable morbidities decreased from 10% to 5% (p=0.047). No statistically significant difference was noted for lethal morbidities, length of stay or readmissions. Conclusion: Implementation of electronic sign-out in addition to verbal sign-out improved the quality of sign-out with trend towards reduction in morbidities. The electronic sign-out may provide key information and help the on call team to make better decisions regarding the patient care.
Anti inflammatory properties of the root tubers of Gloriosa superba and its conservation through micropropagation

Gloriosa superba L. (Liliaceae) is an important medicinal herb of Asia and Africa. The plant is used to cure ulcers, piles, cancer, gout, scrofula and act as abortifacient, anthelmintic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory drug. The main aim of the proposed work is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of G. superba and also conserve the same plant through the in vitro propagation. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by cycloxygenase inhibition assay and 5- lipoxygenase inhibition assay. In the cycloxygenase inhibition assay, the percentage inhibition were found to be 3.38%, 26.27%, 43.22% for sample concentration 100µg/ml, 500µg/ml, 1000µg/ml respectively and in the lipoxygenase inhibition assay percentage inhibition were found to be 49.23%, 76.92%, 84.61% for sample concentration 100µg/ml, 500µg/ml, 1000µg/ml respectively. In lipoxygenase inhibition assay the methanol extract of G. superba tuber showed close percentage inhibition with that of the standard aspirin. The present study thus confirmed that methanol extract of root tubers of G. superba possessed good anti-inflammatory activity. At present, the plant is on the way of extinction due to its misuse, over exploitation and unscientific collection. Micro propagation is an important method to conserve this highly antiinflammatory medicinal plant. In vitro studies of G. superba includes induction of callusing and organogenesis, using various explants. The results indicated that medium supplemented (MS) with auxin (NAA) (0.15 mg/l) and Benzylamino purine (BAP) (0.25 mg/l) induced callusing, with 2,4-D (0.5 mg/l) and Kinetin (0.25 mg/l) induced somatic embryogenesis, NAA (0. 5mg/l) and BAP (0.25 mg/l) promoted the formation of the maximum number of shooting and with NAA (0.25 mg/l) and BAP (0.15 mg/l) rooting was induced. Micro propagation will be helpful for the conservation and maximum utilization of this plant with high antiinflamatory potential along with the identification and isolation of useful bioactive molecules.
PREVALENCE OF THEILERIA ANNULATA INFECTED HARD TICKS OF CATTLE AND BUFFALO IN PUNJAB , PAKISTAN

A study to investigate prevalence of theilleria infected hard ticks of dairy cattle and buffalo was carried out in Faisalabad, Jhang and Khanewal districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Ticks were collected during July and August, 2007 from infested dairy animals irrespetive of age, sex and weight. These animals were from 30 livestock farms, each having more than 25 animals (cattle and buffaloes). Six thousand two hundred and sixty three ticks were collected from 710 cattle and 320 buffaloes. Overall prevalence of Hyalomma species was significantly higher (61%) than that of other genera of hard ticks (p>0.05). In sex-wise distribution, it was found that female Hyalomma species were the highest (85%) followed by Amblyomma species (81%), while prevalence of Boophilus species and Haemaphysalis species were 77%. The ticks infestation rate in cattle (70%) was significantly higher than that of buffaloes (34%). PCR results showed that Theilleria annulata was detected in 50% Hyalomma anatolicum and 40% Hyalomma dromedary ticks. No theilerial organism was detected in Hyalomma marginatum, Boophilus annulatus and Amblyomma varigatum ticks. In conclusion, Theilleria annulata was prevailing in more than 40% Hyalomma species of cattle. It means that Hyalomma species are mainly responsible for transmission of the Theileria in dairy animals.
Tidal Love numbers and moment-Love relations of polytropic stars

The physical significance of tidal deformation in astronomical systems has long been known. The recently discovered universal I-Love-Q relations, which connect moment of inertia, quadrupole tidal Love number, and spin-induced quadrupole moment of compact stars, also underscore the special role of tidal deformation in gravitational wave astronomy. Motivated by the observation that such relations also prevail in Newtonian stars and crucially depend on the stiffness of a star, we consider the tidal Love numbers of Newtonian polytropic stars whose stiffness is characterised by a polytropic index $n$. We first perturbatively solve the Lane-Emden equation governing the profile of polytropic stars through the application of the scaled delta expansion method and then formulate perturbation series for the multipolar tidal Love number about the two exactly solvable cases with $n=0$ and $n=1$, respectively. Making use of these two series to form a two-point Pad\'e approximant, we find an approximate expression of the quadrupole tidal Love number, whose error is less than $2.5 \times 10^{-5}$ per cent (0.39 per cent) for $n\in[0,1]$ ($n\in[0,3]$). Similarly, we also determine the mass moments for polytropic stars accurately. Based on these findings, we are able to show that the I-Love-Q relations are in general stationary about the incompressible limit irrespective of the equation of state (EOS) of a star. Moreover, for the I-Love-Q relations, there is a secondary stationary point near $n \approx 0.4444$, thus showing the insensitivity to $n$ for $n\in[0,1]$. Our investigation clearly tracks the universality of the I-Love-Q relations from their validity for stiff stars such as neutron stars to their breakdown for soft stars.
Inferring hydraulic properties of alpine aquifers from the propagation of diurnal snowmelt signals

Alpine watersheds source major rivers throughout the world and supply essential water for irrigation, human consumption, and hydroelectricity. Coarse depositional units in alpine watersheds can store and transmit significant volumes of groundwater and thus augment stream discharge during the dry season. These environments are typically data scarce, which has limited the application of physically based models to investigate hydrologic sensitivity to environmental change. This study focuses on a coarse alpine talus unit within the Lake O'Hara watershed in the Canadian Rockies. We investigate processes controlling the hydrologic functioning of the talus unit using field observations and a numerical groundwater flow model driven with a distributed snowmelt model. The model hydraulic parameters are adjusted to investigate how these properties influence the propagation of snowmelt‐induced diurnal signals. The model results expectedly demonstrate that diurnal signals at the talus outlet are progressively damped and lagged with lower hydraulic conductivity and higher specific yield. The simulations further indicate that the lag can be primarily controlled by a higher hydraulic conductivity upper layer, whereas the damping can be strongly influenced by a lower hydraulic conductivity layer along the base of the talus. The simulations specifically suggest that the talus slope can be represented as a two layer system with a high conductivity zone (0.02 m s−1) overlying a 10 cm thick lower conductivity zone (0.002 m s−1). This study demonstrates that diurnal signals can be used to elucidate the hydrologic functioning and hydraulic properties of shallow aquifers and thus aid in the parameterization of hydrological models.
Probing Topological Floquet-Bands and Quantum Magnetism with Ultracold Fermions

Complex quantum many-body systems are ubiquitous in nature, yet their behaviour often remains very challenging to predict with analytical or numerical calculations. In this thesis a different approach is presented, using ultracold fermionic 40K atoms in a lattice with a flexible geometry, formed by interfering laser beams. This system constitutes a precisely tunable, yet very accessible complex system, which can be used to probe – or “quantum simulate” – phenomena predicted for condensed-matter systems. We demonstrate, theoretically and experimentally, how a periodically modulated system can be described by an effective Hamiltonian on longer time-scales. This approach based on Floquet theory applies even when driving the system far from equilibrium. Using oscillating magnetic field gradients, we create an effectively spin-dependent lattice, where the tunnelling rate for different internal atomic states can be freely tuned. The flexible geometry of the lattice is used to create a honeycomb lattice and study the linear band crossings – known as Dirac cones – characteristic of its band structure. We distort the lattice and use momentum-resolved interband transitions probe the deformation and movement of the Dirac cones and their eventual disappearance when moving towards a square or dimerised geometry. We show that circular modulation of a honeycomb lattice induces imaginary next-nearest neighbour tunnelling, which breaks time-reversal symmetry. In addition, a tunable site-offset is used to break inversion symmetry. We thereby realize a model proposed by F.D. M. Haldane in 1988 and study the predicted topological transition from a trivial to a Chern-insulating regime, characterised by a closing band gap. Furthermore, effects of the Berry curvature are observed in both regimes, using transverse drifts of a driven atomic cloud. Using a mixture of two internal states with tunable scattering between them, we study the Hubbard model on a variety of geometries and with a range of observables. The crossover between metal, Mott-insulator and band insulator in a twoand threedimensional Honeycomb lattice is probed by observing the double occupancy, compressibility and excitation spectrum. The addition of a site-offset leads to the appearance of a competing type of density order an explicit charge-density wave which is directly probed and leads to new types of excitations. At lower temperatures, magnetic correlations appear. By freezing out the dynamics of the system and adiabatically merging neighbouring sites,the probability to find singlet or triplet states on different patterns of bonds is directly probed. Using this method we study the dependence of magnetic correlations on geometry in seven different lattice structures, and crossovers between them. We find that lower connectivity quantum effects enhance short-range correlations and compare our results to sophisticated numerical approximations. Ramping the lattice from one geometry to another allows for probing the quantum dynamics of re-distributing magnetic correlations, from the sudden to the adiabatic regime.
Why “ noncommutative common causes ” don ’ t explain anything A comment on Gábor Hofer-Szabó ’ s Noncommutative causality in algebraic quantum field theory

In my commentary, I will argue that the conclusions drawn in the paper Noncommutative causality in algebraic quantum field theory1 by Gábor Hofer-Szabó are incorrect. As proven by J.S. Bell, a local common causal explanation of correlations violating the Bell inequality is impossible. “Let me guess. He pulled a lost in translation on you? ” – from the movie Oceans Twelve (2004) What is the meaning of Bell’s theorem? What are its implications for which it was dubbed, and rightfully so, “the most profound discovery of science” (Stapp 1995)? In brief, Bell’s theorem tells us that certain statistical correlations between space-like separated events that are predicted by quantum mechanics and observed in experiment imply that our world is non-local. More precisely, it tells us that those correlations are not locally explainable, meaning that they cannot be accounted for by any local candidate theory since the frequencies predicted by a local account would have to satisfy a certain inequality – the Bell-, respectively the CHSH inequality – that is empirically violated in the pertinent scenarios. Any candidate theory that correctly predicts the violation of the Bell-inequality must therefore describe some sort of direct influence between the correlating events, even if they are so far apart that they cannot be connected by a signal moving at maximum the speed of light. Hence we say that the principle of locality or local causality is violated in nature. The genius of Bell’s argument lies in its simplicity and its generality. Bell’s theorem is not about quantum mechanics or quantum field theory or any theory in particular, it is not The paper, alongside this commentary, will appear in New Directions in the Philosophy of Science (proceedings of the PSE workshops held in 2012), edited by Maria Carla Galavotti, Dennis Dieks, Wenceslao J. Gonzalez, Stephan Hartmann, Thomas Uebel, Marcel Weber, Springer (2014). The same results have been published, in greater detail, by Hofer-Szabó and collaborators in a series of other papers, for instance Hofer-Szabó and Vecsernyés (2013).
Glucose Release During in Vitro Digestion of Wheat

The research investigated the dynamics of released glucose from whole wheat flour during in vitro gastric and intestinal digestion. Two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 (gastric digestion) was an enzymatic hydrolysis with a pepsin solution at pH 2.0 and 37°C for 120 minutes. In experiment 2, first step was followed by the hydrolysis with the multi-enzyme pancreatin (intestinal digestion), at pH 6.8 and 37°C for 4 h. The released glucose (RG) and the refractive index (RI) were determined from the supernatant obtained after centrifugation. Experiments showed an initial increase in the glucose released from 1 g wheat up to 0.472 mg/mL after 1 h of gastric digestion, then followed by decrease. The lowest value was recorded after 2 hours of gastric digestion (0.332 mg/mL). The concentration of the reducing sugars increased throughout the intestinal digestion from 0.549 mg/mL up to 1.990 mg/mL, as a result of starch hydrolysis to dextrins, maltose and then to glucose. The high positive correlation between RG and RI suggests that RI may be used as a simple and rapid method for estimating the released glucose during in vitro digestion.