Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Project K in Black & White: A theory-driven and randomised controlled trial evaluation of a youth development programme

III DEDICATION . V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . VII LIST OF TABLES . XIII LIST OF FIGURES . XV CHAPTER ONE THE PROJECT K EVALUATION SCENE PROGRAMME & RESEARCH OVERVIEW . 1 THE SOCIO-POLITICAL CONTEXT OF PROJECT K . 1 THE EVALUAND . 1 THE EVALUATOR’S POSITION . 10 THESIS AIMS & CONTRIBUTIONS . 13 CHAPTER TWO THOUGHTFUL EVALUATION THE OVERARCHING FRAMEWORK . 15 EVALUATION THEORY & PRACTICE . 15 THE HISTORY OF EVALUATION AS A DISTINCT DISCIPLINE . 16 THE ESSENTIAL FEATURES . 21 A VISION FOR MY PRACTICE . 26 THE THOUGHTFUL EVALUATION MODEL . 27 CHRONOLOGY OF THE EVALUATION PROCESS . 32 CHAPTER THREE POSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT THROUGH ADVENTURE, SERVICE & MENTORING . 39 ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT &YOUTH PROGRAMMING . 39 A POSITIVE AND ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT . 40 YOUTH DEVELOPMENT IN AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND . 43 THE VALUE OF YOUTH PROGRAMMES . 49 THE FEATURES OF YOUTH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES . 50 THE STATE OF YOUTH PROGRAMME EVALUATION STUDIES . 53 OUTDOOR ADVENTURE PROGRAMMES . 56 THE ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF OUTDOOR ADVENTURE PROGRAMMING . 56 OUTDOOR EDUCATION, ADVENTURE PROGRAMMES, WILDERNESS THERAPY –ONE AND THE SAME? 57 RATIONALE FOR ADVENTURE PROGRAMMING . 58 PROCESSES OF CHANGE . 59 THE SUCCESS OF ADVENTURE PROGRAMMES . 66
Patient-centredness: a conceptual framework for musculoskeletal physiotherapy

The centrality of the patient to health care has been increasingly recognised both politically and professionally. Patient-centred care has become synonymous with high-quality care and a number of studies have reinforced patient’s desire for, and the positive impact of the approach. Although the concept emerged over 30 years ago, it is still not clear what it is, upon what theories it is based, or how to measure it. Whilst the concept has been explored within medicine, nursing and other allied health professions, within physiotherapy there has only been minimal discussion. The aim of this research was to explore the meaning of patient-centred care in relation to low back pain, from the perspective of musculoskeletal physiotherapists.
Pleural recurrence of thymoma: surgical resection followed by hyperthermic intrathoracic perfusion chemotherapy†.

OBJECTIVES Recurrences of thymoma are described in 10-30% of cases up to 10 years after surgical resection. Herein we report our experience with surgical removal of pleural recurrences followed by hyperthermic intrathoracic perfusion chemotherapy (HITHOC). METHODS We prospectively collected data of patients with pleural recurrence of thymoma who underwent surgery followed by HITHOC. After thoracotomy had been closed, drainages were connected to a dedicated perfusion machine, pleural space was filled with saline solution, progressively heated up to 42.5°C. At this time, chemotherapeutic agents (Doxorubicin and Cisplatin) were injected and perfusion lasted 60 min. RESULTS In the period 2005-2012, 13 consecutive patients have been treated (8 males, 5 females, mean age 46 years). Initial Masaoka-Koga stage was 2 IIa, 5 IIb, 5 III, 1 IVa. Disease-free interval was 47.2 months on average [standard deviation (SD): 25.5]. Nine patients presented paraneoplastic syndromes (8 myasthenia gravis and 1 red cell aplasia). Complete resection was achieved in all cases except one. HITHOC was successfully performed in all cases and no signs or symptoms of toxicity were recorded in the perioperative period. With a mean follow-up period of 64.6 months (SD: 32.5), 1 patient died for toxicity following systemic chemotherapy, another one died disease-free, 4 patients developed pleural relapses (2 ipsilateral, 2 contralateral) and 1 mediastinal and abdominal nodal metastases. Mean survival was 58 months [SD: 34.4), median survival by the Kaplan-Meier method was not reached while 5-year actuarial survival was 92%. CONCLUSIONS HITHOC was shown to be feasible and safe. In terms of efficacy, it seems promising but multicentre studies and a longer follow-up period are required to ascertain its effectiveness.
A Qualitative Exploration of the Influence of Culture and Extended Family Networks on the Weight-related Behaviors of Urban African American Children

Background: Childhood obesity is a public health problem with significant long-term implications and racial/ethnic disparities. African American extended family members play a significant role in child rearing and socialization, and research suggests that grandparents, in general, may influence children’s weight-related behaviors. There is, however, a lack of research exploring how urban African American children’s relationships with extended family members may influence children’s weight-related behaviors. Therefore, this study examines how extended family members’ roles and responsibilities may influence urban African American children’s weight-related behaviors, how extended family members socialize children to adopt weight-related behaviors, and how extended family members’ socialization practices may differ from those of primary caregivers. Methods: This study builds upon and extends the work of a previous, mixed-methods study of 31 primary caregiver-child dyads, which was designed to examine household and neighborhood factors related to childhood obesity. In Phase 2, individual semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 8 Baltimore City children; paired interviews were conducted with their primary caregivers and one adult member of each child’s extended family. Manuscript 1 combines qualitative data from both studies to present case studies of the 4 families that participated in both studies. Manuscripts 2 and 3 focus on data collected from Phase 2’s 8 family units, and present detailed analyses of familial influences on children’s physical activity and dietary behaviors, respectively. Findings: Manuscript 1 indicates that mothers and extended family members may differ in their influences on children’s weight-related behaviors, which may be related to differences in the adults’ roles and responsibilities with the children. Manuscript 2 suggests that extended family members may be more physically active with children; this may be influenced by perceived familial closeness and different relationship dynamics. Manuscript 3 indicates that children are consistently taught to value food-based family traditions; however, adults may be inconsistent in the socialization strategies used in day-to-day dietary routines. These findings suggest that future family-based obesity interventions for African American children should extend beyond the immediate family to include key extended family members and consider the extended family networks’ norms and values.
Surgical treatment of recurrent thymoma: is it worthwhile?†.

OBJECTIVES Radical resection of thymoma is the most important predictor of survival; despite a complete resection, 10-30% of patients develop a recurrence. The surgical treatment of thymic relapses is an accepted therapeutic approach; however, no clear data are available yet regarding the indication for surgery and the long-term prognosis of this subset of patients. The aim of our work was to review the data of a group of recurrent thymomas treated by surgery, comparing it with non-surgical therapy, and analysing the outcome and the prognostic factors. METHODS Between 1980 and 2010, 880 patients with thymoma underwent complete macroscopical resection and were followed up for recurrence. Masaoka stage IVa and type C thymic tumours were excluded from the study. A total of 82 (9.3%) patients developed a recurrence, and 52 (63.4%) were reoperated. The other 21 patients, originally operated outside, underwent surgical resection of recurrence. Finally, 73 patients were operated on for recurrent thymoma and 30 received medical treatment. This entire cohort represents the subject of the study. RESULTS There were 57 (55.3%) males and 46 (44.7%) females. The median time to relapse was 50 months. Sixty-three (61.2%) recurrences were regional, 17 (16.5%) local, 14 (13.6%) distant, 6 (5.8%) regional and distant, and 3 (2.9%) local, regional and distant. No operative mortality was observed. In 50 (68.5%) patients, a macroscopic complete resection was accomplished. The 5- and 10-year overall survival rates from recurrence were 63 and 37%, respectively. Complete surgical resection was associated with a significant better survival when compared with incomplete surgical resection and non-surgical treatment (P < 0.0001). A significant poorer prognosis was observed for multiple versus single relapses (P < 0.0001), Masaoka stage III primary tumour versus Masaoka stage I-II primary tumour (P = 0.02), distant versus loco-regional relapses (P = 0.05) and B3 histotype versus other (P = 0.02). On multivariate analysis, completeness of resection, number of metastases, Masaoka stage of primary tumour and site of relapse were identified as the only independent predictors of prognosis. CONCLUSION Reoperation for recurrent thymoma is effective and safe, achieving a prolonged survival. Complete macroscopic resection and single recurrence are associated with better prognosis.
The cardio-metabolic profile and bone mineral density in African and Indian postmenopausal women.

AIMS. To determine the cardio-metabolic risk profile and incidence of low bone mineral density in African and Indian postmenopausal women attending the IALCH menopause clinic and to determine whether there is a correlation between cardio-metabolic parameters and low bone mineral density. METHODS. A retrospective, descriptive study involving all Indian and African postmenopausal women, above the age of 40, referred to the menopause outpatient clinic at IALCH from 01 July 2009 to 31 December 2010 was conducted. Data was collected from the medi-com database using a structured questionnaire. Cardio-metabolic data was analysed as continuous variables and summarized using means and standard deviations. Bone mineral density was treated as a quantitative variable and correlation analysis was used to assess relationships between the variables. This was done for each race group separately. The Students T-test was used to compare cardio-metabolic variables between the two ethnic groups. SPSS version 18.0 was used to analyse data. RESULTS. The records of 106 women were analysed (51 African and 55 Indian). In African and Indian women, the prevalence of hypertension was 54.9% vs 65.5%, the prevalence of diabetes was 31.4% vs 56.4%, the prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 17.6% vs 32.7% and the prevalence of ischaemic heart disease was 5.9% vs 14.9% respectively. The prevalence of low bone mineral density was higher in Indian women (40%) compared to African women (23.5%). The mean body mass index (BMI) of African women was significantly higher than Indian women, (33 vs 29). There were no significant differences between African and Indian postmenopausal women regarding their lipid profile, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and thyroid profile. The mean bone mineral density (BMD) in the hip and spine was lower in Indian women compared to African women, however the prevalence of osteopaenia and osteoporosis, as defined by T-scores, was not statistically significant. Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between an increasing BMI and BMD (p<0.001) and increases in weight and BMD (p<0.001). A statistically significant correlation were observed between serum LDL-cholesterol values and BMD (p=0.03), where serum LDL-cholesterol values were inversely proportional to BMD. There were no significant correlations between BMD and the remaining cardio-metabolic variables (ie blood pressure; waist-hip ratio; clinical stigma of dyslipidaemia; clinical stigma of insulin resistance; cholesterol; HDL; triglycerides; fasting glucose; fasting insulin and thyroid function). CONCLUSIONS. There is a high prevalence of cardiovascular risks and low BMD amongst the local menopausal population, irrespective of ethnicity. African and Indian postmenopausal women had a high prevalence of hypertension (60%), diabetes (44%), dyslipidaemia (25%) and obesity (54%). In African women, the incidence of low BMD was 35% in the hip, 53% in the neck of femur and 55% in the lumbar spine. In Indian women, the incidence of low BMD was 55% in the hip, 67% in…
An evaluation and exploration of nutrition education in elementary schools

The Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is a widely used model for developing elementary nutrition education programs; however, few instruments are available to assess the impact of such programs on the main constructs of the SCT. The purposes of this study were to: (a) develop and validate a SCT-based survey instrument that focuses on knowledge, behavior, and self-efficacy for fifth grade students; (b) assess the relationships between knowledge, behavior, and self-efficacy; and (c) assess knowledge, behavior, and selfefficacy for healthy eating among the fifth grade students. A 40-item instrument was developed and validated using content validity and tested among 98 fifth grade students for internal consistency reliability. Relationships between knowledge, behavior, and selfefficacy were assessed using Pearson Correlation Coefficients. Differences in behavior and knowledge scores between children with high and low self-efficacy were examined using t-test. Cronbach’s alphas for self-efficacy (0.70) and behavior (0.71) subscales of the survey were acceptable, although lower for knowledge (0.56). Summary scores for self-efficacy and behaviors were positively correlated (r=0.40, p=0.0001); however, summary knowledge scores were not associated with self-efficacy (r=0.02, p=0.88) or behavior scores (r=0.14, p=0.23). Participants with high self-efficacy also had significantly higher scores on consuming fruits (p=0.0009) and dairy products (p=0.009), eating breakfast (p=0.008), helping plan family meals (p=0.0006) and total behaviors for healthy-eating (p=0.001) compared to those with low self-efficacy. In addition, approximately two thirds of the fifth grade students reported that they did not eat any fruits or vegetables or ate them only once on one day recall. The developed instrument is a reliable and useful tool to assess SCT-based elementary nutrition education programs,
Stochastic Imitation in Finite Games

In this paper we model an evolutionary process with perpetual random shocks where individual behavior is determined by imitation. Every period an agent is randomly chosen from each of n finite populations to play a game. Each agent observes a sample of population-specific past strategy and payoff realizations. She thereafter imitates by choosing the strategy with highest average payoff in the sample. Occasionally the agents also experiment or make mistakes and choose a strategy at random. For finite n-player games we prove that in the limit, as the probability of experimentation tends to zero, only strategy-tuples in minimal sets closed under the better-reply graph will be played with positive probability. If the strategy-tuples in one such minimal set have strictly higher payoffs than all outside strategy-tuples, then the strategy-tuples in this set will be played with probability one in the limit, provided the minimal set is a product set. We also show that in 2x2 games the convergence in our model is faster than in other known models.
A Retrospective Analysis of Prescribing Practice Based on WHO Prescribing Indicators at Four Selected Hospitals of West Ethiopia: Policy Implication

A descriptive cross-sectional survey to determine prescribing practice of clinicians at four public hospitals in West Ethiopia was carried out. The study involved retrospective review of 2024 prescriptions received at the hospitals' outpatient pharmacies during the period between January and September 2013. The mean number of drugs per prescription was 2.1±0.5. The prevalence of generic, antibiotics and injections prescribing were 79.2%, 54.7% and 28.3%, respectively. Drugs prescribed from Ethiopian essential drug list/formulary constituted 83.0%, which is far less than the ideal limit. Further, all the prescribing indicators studied were out of the ranges recommended by World Health Organization implying that there is deep rooted irrational prescribing practice in public hospitals in Ethiopia. Thus, urgent and well organized interventions should be implemented in the country. Key words : World Health Organization, prescribing indicators, rational drug use
Manual of Nerve Conduction Velocity and Clinical Neurophysiology

Part 1 Introduction: basic nerve conduction studies - general information techniques - general considerations technical procedures troubleshooting temperature effects on nerve conduction velocities and latencies other variability in nerve conduction velocities and common sources of error. Part 2 Cranial nerves: facial nerve distal motor latency to the nasalis muscle orbicularis oris facial nerve distal motor latency to the orbicularis oris hypoglossal motor nerve conduction latency. Part 3 Cervical plexus: greater nerve conduction spinal accessory nerve motor latency phrenic nerve motor. Part 4 Upper extremity nerves: long thoracic nerve motor latency dorsal scapular nerve motor latency suprascapular nerve motor latency to supraspinatus and infraspinatus axilliary nerve motor latency to the deltoid musculocutaneous motor latency to the biceps brachii musculocutaneous sensory latency and nerve conduction velocity radial motor nerve conduction velocity radial motor nerve conduction to extensor digitorum communis radial nerve distal sensory latency anterior interosseous nerve motor latency to the pronator quadratus median motor nerve conduction velocity and latency median nerve distal sensory latency median nerve sensory conduction - short segment stimulation at the wrist median orthodromic and antidromic studies C-8 and T-1 nerve root stimulation electrodiagnostic values through the thoracic outlet using C-8 root studies, F waves and cervical somatosensory evoked potential ulnar motor nerve conduction velocity ulnar nerve motor conduction latency to the first dorsal interosseous muscle ulnar nerve motor conduction across the elbow - short segment stimulation ulnar nerve distal sensory latency dorsal cutaneous ulnar nerve conduction medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve conduction and latency. Part 5 Intercostal nerve motor latency: intercostal nerve distal latency and conduction velocity. Part 6 Lower extremity nerves. Part 7 Reflex, wave and long latency. Part 8 Motor nerve conduction velocity studies in premature infants, infants and children. Part 9 Repetitive stimulation. Part 10 Somatosensory evoked potentials. Part 11 Movement-related potentials. Part 12 Intraoperative monitoring using somatosensory evoked potentials. Part 13 Auditory and visual evoked potentials. Part 14 Magnetoelectric stimulation. Part 15 Motor unit action potential analysis. Part 16 Single fibre electromyography. Part 17 Anatomy. Appendix.
Clinical characteristics and advantages of primary peripheral micro-sized lung adenocarcinoma over small-sized lung adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVES Micro-sized lung adenocarcinoma with a tumour of 1.0 cm or less could help identify the patients who would undergo the surgery treatment with limited resection; however, its clinical characteristics and survival rates remain unclear and are to be tested further. METHODS Histology, lymphatic metastasis, surgical procedure and survival rates of 366 lung adenocarcinoma patients (from January 2007 to December 2013) with a tumour of 2.0 cm or less were analysed retrospectively. Among these patients, 175 had a primary tumour with a diameter of 1.0 cm or less and 191 had a tumour of 1.1-2.0 cm. The survival of 366 patients was evaluated by the restricted mean survival time (RMST) test, and the risk factors were assessed by multivariable analysis. RESULTS Larger lesion had a significant relation to old age, male sex, preoperatively carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) positive, invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) and advanced-stage disease (P < 0.0001, P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Patients with adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)/minimally invasive adenocarcinoma obtained a better prognosis than those with IAC (5-year overall survival rate: 98.5 vs 84.3%, P = 0.001; disease-related survival rate: 98.5 versus 85.2%, P = 0.001). The 5-year overall survival rates of patients with a tumour less than 1.0 cm in comparison with 1.1-2.0 cm were 100.0 and 88.4% (P < 0.001), whereas the 5-year lung adenocarcinoma-specific survival rates were 100.0 and 89.0% (P < 0.001), respectively. Multivariable analysis for prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients with a tumour 2.0 cm or less in diameter revealed that histology, lymphatic metastasis and advanced pathological stage affected the 5-year overall and disease-related survival rates unfavourably (P < 0.0001, 0.002, 0.001; and P < 0.0001, 0.005, 0.001, respectively), whereas tumour size did not have an obvious influence on survival. CONCLUSIONS Micro-sized lung adenocarcinoma (1.0 cm or less) had specific clinical characteristics and more favourable survival rates. These tumours and a subtype of AIS evaluated by computed tomography images or intraoperative frozen section may be appropriate candidates for a limited resection without mediastinal lymph node dissection.
Clinical investigation on axial versus tilted implants for immediate fixed rehabilitation of edentulous arches: preliminary results of a single cohort study.

PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical investigation was to evaluate full-arch fixed-dental restorations supported by immediate loaded axial and tilted implants in a single-cohort study. Survival rate of axial and tilted implants was compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2006 to 2010, 30 patients were recruited and treated with dental implants. Provisional fixed-dental prostheses were screw-retained over axial or axial and tilted implants within 24 hours after surgery. Follow-ups at 6, 12, and 24 months and annually up to 5 years were scheduled, and radiographic evaluation of peri-implant bone level changes was conducted. RESULTS Thirty patients (20 females and 10 males) were followed up for an average of 44 months (range 18-67 months). Six patients received both upper and lower implant rehabilitations, resulting in 36 restorations. A total of two hundred two implants were placed (maxilla = 118; mandible = 84) and 46% of the fixtures were evaluated at the 4-year recall. Four axial implants were lost in three patients, leading to 98.02% implant (97.56% axial implants and 100% tilted implants) and 100% prosthetic cumulative survival rate, respectively. No significant difference in marginal bone loss was found between tilted and axial implants in both jaws at 1-year evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Midterm results confirmed that immediate loading of axial and tilted implants provides a viable treatment modality for the rehabilitation of edentulous arches.