Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 1856 Djijelli (Algeria) earthquake and tsunami: source parameters and implications for tsunami hazard in the Balearic Islands

Abstract. In 1856, one (or two) destructive earthquake(s) occurred off Djijelli (Algeria) and probably triggered a tsunami in the western Mediterranean Sea. Following recently published results of marine campaigns along the North-Algerian margin, a new source hypothesis for the earthquake has been proposed, and is constituted with a set of three "en echelon" fault segments positioned in agreement with previous studies of this earthquake and with macroseismic data available. The geometrical parameters for this source, in agreement with a Mw = 7.2 earthquake, display an average 40° NW dip, a 80° strike and mean dimensions of 80 km (length) × 20 km (width). A coseismic slip of 1.5 m is consistent with an average convergence rate of about 5–6 mm/yr and a recurrence period of 300–400 years. They are then introduced in the tsunami modelling code to study the propagation across the Mediterranean Sea with a special attention towards the Balearic Islands. A focus on the two major towns, Palma (Majorca) and Mahon (Minorca) Harbours shows that these places are not the most exposed (maximum water heights less than 1 m) by tsunami waves coming from this part of the African margin. Specific amplifications revealed by modelling occur off the southern coast of Minorca and the southeastern coast of Majorca, mostly related to submarine bathymetric features, and are able to produce coastal wave heights larger than 1 to 2 m as offshore Alcalfar (Minorca). A deep submarine canyon southward Minorca leads to the amplification of waves up to two times on both sides of the canyon. However these modellings could not be compared to any historical observations, non-existent for these sites. This work is a contribution to the study of tsunami hazard in western Mediterranean based on modelling, and offers a first assessment of the tsunami exposure in the Balearic Islands.
A re‐examination of throats

We critically re‐examine the concept of a throat in a porous medium as a geometric quantity defined independently of an entry meniscus in a drainage process. To maintain the standard notion of a throat as a locally minimum‐area cross section in the pore network, we demonstrate with examples that throats must intersect each other. Using flow simulation, we show that these intersecting throats correspond to capillary pressure controlled entry points during drainage. We have designed a throat‐finding algorithm that explicitly locates intersecting throats, using a planar approximation for robustness and speed. The capability of the new algorithm was compared against an existing algorithm in the construction of pore‐throat networks from X‐ray computed tomography images of consolidated sandstones (7.5–22% porosity) and of an unconsolidated sand pack (32.5% porosity). We show that the probability of throat intersection increases significantly with porosity above 20%; in the sand pack, over 1/4 of all throats intersect with another.
Experimentally supported modelling of an existingmasonry building by measuring ambient and forcedvibrations

Seismic performance assessment of existing masonry buildings is affected by many uncertainties, which are difficult to evaluate, especially, if destructive tests of masonry are not available. In such cases, the effect of uncertainties can be reduced by the use of non-destructive experimental techniques. However, their efficiency is not well defined. Thus we performed measurement of ambient and forced vibrations on an old two-storey masonry building. We investigated if such experiments can contribute to greater accuracy of the results. Herein the experimental setup is briefly described. The estimated vibration periods based on the two types of measurement are compared and seismic performance of the building is assessed for the near-collapse limit state. We found that accuracy of the seismic performance assessment of the building can to some extent be improved if structural model is calibrated to the estimated vibration periods.
Impact of Garden-Based Learning on Academic Outcomes in Schools

What is the impact of garden-based learning on academic outcomes in schools? To address this question, findings across 152 articles (1990–2010) were analyzed resulting in 48 studies that met the inclusion criteria for this synthesis. A review template with operational coding framework was developed. The synthesis results showed a preponderance of positive impacts on direct academic outcomes with the highest positive impact for science followed by math and language arts. Indirect academic outcomes were also measured with social development surfacing most frequently and positively. These results were consistent across programs, student samples, and school types and within the disparate research methodologies used. However, a common issue was lack of research rigor as there were troubling issues with incomplete descriptions of methodological procedures in general and sampling techniques and validity in particular. Recommendations for more systematic and rigorous research are provided to parallel the growing garden-based education movement.
Algorithm to reduce subjectivity in grading oral epithelial dysplasia - A preliminary study

Background and Objectives: The most common oral potentially malignant disorder is leukoplakia with its microscopic picture varying from simple hyperkeratosis to severe epithelial dysplasia. Numerous grading systems for oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) have been reported over the years. However, interand intra-observer variations in the grading of OED are also well documented. The present study aimed at reducing interobserver variability in grading OED using an algorithm. The objectives were to review H and E stained sections of normal oral mucosal samples and cases of OED, by manual and by photographic methods. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 cases (n = 50) constituted the study material. 10 cases of normal oral mucosa and 40 histopathologically confirmed cases of oral leukoplakia (both dysplastic and non-dysplastic) were retrieved from the archives of the department. Slides were reviewed by manual and by photographic methods. Five observers had participated in the study. Results: Substantial agreement was found between the observers in grading OED (both by manual and by photographic methods). Interpretation and Conclusions: An algorithm may be used as a tool to reduce the subjectivity of OED grading.
The Effect of Arm Dominance on Specimen Integrity When Sampling Blood from IV Catheters

The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not arm dominance contributes to rates of hemolysis in blood samples that are drawn from intravenous catheters at the time of their initial placement. A quantitative, prospective, quasi-experimental design was used. Fifty-eight subjects were randomized to either the control group who had blood drawn through an IV catheter placed in their dominant arm or the experimental group for whom the non-dominant arm was selected. The Sarstedt Monovette collection system was used to obtain blood samples from the IV catheter. Overall, blood specimens demonstrated a very low rate of hemolysis. Only one of the 159 blood tubes collected from the subjects was found to be hemolyzed. Although no correlation was found between arm dominance and sample hemolysis, a moderate relationship was identified between IV catheter site and degree of aspiration resistance. Document Type Thesis Degree Name M.S. in Advanced Practice Nursing First Supervisor Diane Mick Subject Categories Nursing This thesis is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc. edu/nursing_etd_masters/14 Specimen Integrity 1 The Effect of Arm Dominance on Specimen Integrity When Sampling Blood from IV Catheters
Influences on personal understanding: Intentions, approaches to learning, perceptions of assessment, and a ‘meeting of minds’

Using a case–study approach, interviews with four final–year psychology students showed different approaches to learning and varying experiences of teaching in courses assessed through open–book exams. Analysis of their experiences, supported by previous research findings, provided insights into the reasons for the contrasting approaches being adopted. Some students reported misperceptions of the purpose of the open–book format and failed, but a changed perception of the assessment, later on, made them more aware of having to adopt a deep approach. In other cases, perceptions of teaching, and of the tutor, played an important part in the students’ readiness to develop a personal understanding, bringing in both cognitive and affective influences. In our sample, we found evidence that teaching–learning experiences involving feelings of acceptance and encouragement, with mutual respect of each other’s thinking and reasoning, could provide students with the freedom and confidence necessary to develop academically valid, personal understandings through a ‘meeting of minds’. Where such respect and encouragement was lacking, the pursuit of personal understanding was curtailed, and passing exams seemed to become the main concern.
Very broadband analysis of a swarm of very low frequency earthquakes and tremors beneath Kii Peninsula, SW Japan

We have conducted a temporal broadband seismic observation in Kii Peninsula, southwest Japan, and detected a swarm of 110 very low frequency earthquakes (VLFs) and deep low frequency tremors. During three days of the swarm activity, VLFs and tremors occur concurrently in two localized regions separated by ∼10 km. Stacking analyses are also employed to detect VLF signals of a period longer than 50 s, whose focal mechanisms are determined for the first time from data and shown to be consistent with the subducting plate motion. Evaluation of the VLF seismic moment implies that a substantial portion of the SSE seismic moment is released as a VLF swarm.
Mortgage Choice: Interactive Effects of House Price Appreciation and Mortgage Pricing Components

Previous research provides rationales for and evidence of a link between house price appreciation and mortgage choice, with higher appreciation associated with higher take-up rates for adjustable-rate mortgages relative to fixed-rate mortgages. Research also finds mortgage interest rates and their underlying components to be important determinants of mortgage financing choices. In this paper we extend the earlier research and show that house price appreciation can have important interactive effects with those other determinants of mortgage financing choices. The analysis focuses on the period from 2000 to 2007, an episode marked by rapid house price appreciation along with a persistent and notable increase in the use of adjustable-rate mortgage financing, including alternative mortgage products. We find that higher house price appreciation dampened the estimated sensitivity of take-up rates among mortgage financing options to the underlying mortgage pricing components. The results, which are especially robust for fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgages that are fully amortized, were not driven solely by observations in markets with especially high rates of house price appreciation. Moreover, after taking into account the interactive effects with mortgage pricing components, house price appreciation is estimated to have had relatively little additional effect on take-up rates among mortgage financing options.
Violation of the Equivalence Principle and the Boundary of Einstein's General Relativity

The article discusses the expected progress in understanding the fundamental laws of nature and assesses the promise of recent gravitational-cosmic experiments. New theoretical models include new types of interaction that can lead to violation of the equivalence principle, variations of fundamental constants, and violation of the Lorentz symmetry. This determines the limits of applicability of the invariant equations of Einstein's general relativity.
Moringa leaf meal as natural feed additives on the growth performance and meat quality of commercial broiler chicken

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary moringa leaf meal (MLM) as a natural alternative to antibiotic on the growth performance, meat quality and carcass yield of broiler chicken. A total of 270 day-old broiler chicks were randomly weighed and assigned to six dietary treatments having 45 birds in each. Each dietary treatment had three replicates of 15 birds and was reared in floor pens. Chicks were distributed in 4 different inclusion levels of MLM in diets; 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% with 2 control diets negative and positive. The birds were fed the experimental diets and water was provided without restriction throughout the experimental period. The results showed that significant (P 0.05) observed among the average live weight, thigh meat, wing meat, drumstick meat, gizzard and abdominal fat of broilers. Breast meat, heart, liver, large intestine and dressing percentage showed significant difference. Lower mortality was found on diet supplemented with MLM. It is concluded that 1.5% MLM in broiler diets can be used as natural feed additive for enhancing growth performance, organ development, meat yield and serum cholesterol of broilers as well as replacing of oxytetracycline. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2017, 3(2): 240-244
What makes a cry a cry? A review of infant distress vocalizations

In contrast to the cries of human infants, sounds made by non-human infants in different stressful behavioral contexts (hunger or physical discomfort, isolation, capture by humans or predators) are usually treated as distinct types of vocalizations. However, if distress vocalizations produced by different species and in different contexts share a common motivational state and associated neurochemical pathways, we can expect them to share a common acoustic structure and adaptive function, showing only limited variation that corresponds to the infant's level of arousal. Based on this premise, we review the acoustic structure and adaptive function of two types of distress calls, those given when infants were isolated from their mothers (isolation calls) or captured by humans (capture calls). We conducted a within-context comparison examining the two call types across a diverse se- lection of mammalian species and other vertebrate groups, followed by a comparison of how acoustic structure and function dif- fers between these contexts. In addition, we assessed acoustic traits that are critical to the response of caregivers. Across verte- brate species, distress vocalizations produced in these two behavioral contexts tend to be tonal with a simple chevron, flat or de- scending pattern of frequency modulation. Reports that both isolation and capture calls of vertebrate infants serve to attract care- givers are universal, and the fundamental frequency of infant vocalizations is often critical to this response. The results of our re- view are consistent with the hypothesis that differences in the acoustic structure of isolation and capture distress vocalizations re- flect differences in arousal, and not discrete functions. The similarity in acoustic structure and caregiver response observed across vertebrates adds support to the hypothesis that the production and processing of distress vocalizations are part of a highly-conserved system of social vocal behaviour in vertebrates. Bioacoustic research may move forward by recognizing the commonality among different forms of infant solicitations that attract caregivers, and the commonality of these solicitations with vocalizations that attract conspecifics in still other behavioral contexts (Current Zoology 58 (5): 698−726, 2012).
Surfactant effects in magnetite nanoparticles of controlled size

Magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles of controlled size within 6 and 20 nm in diameter were synthesised by thermal decomposition of an iron organic precursor in an organic medium. Particles were coated with oleic acid. For all samples studied, saturation magnetisation Ms is size-independent, and reaches a value close to that expected for bulk magnetite, in contrast to results in small particle systems for which Ms is usually much smaller due to surface spin disorder. The coercive field for the 6 nm particles is in agreement with coherent rotation, taking the bulk magnetocrystalline anisotropy into account. Both results suggest that the oleic acid molecules covalently bonded to the nanoparticle surface yield a strong reduction in the surface spin disorder. However, although the saturated state may be similar, the approach to saturation is different and, in particular, the high-field differential susceptibility is one order of magnitude larger than in bulk materials. The relevance of these results in biomedical applications is discussed. r 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 75.50. Tt; 75.30. Cr; 68.43. h
Costly Arbitrage and the Myth of Idiosyncratic Risk

Transaction and holding costs make arbitrage costly. If some traders are rational, mispricing will only exist to the extent that arbitrage costs prevent rational traders from fully eliminating inefficiencies. Although the relation between mispricing and transaction costs is well-known, the relation between mispricing and holding costs is misunderstood. One holding cost, idiosyncratic risk, is particularly misunderstood. Various myths are debunked, including the common myth that arbitrageurs care about idiosyncratic risk because they are undiversified [Shleifer and Vishny (1997)]. The literature demonstrates that idiosyncratic risk is the single largest cost faced by arbitrageurs.
Photosynthesis and Shoot Health of Five Birch and Four Alder Taxa After Drought and Flooding

Abstract Selection of under-used taxa of birches (Betula L.) and alders (Alnus Miller) for use in managed landscapes can be guided by information on their responses to moisture extremes in the root zone. Our objective was to compare the photosynthesis, leaf surface area, and subjective health ratings of eight relatively obscure birches and alders when treated with drought and flooding in a greenhouse. We also treated ‘Whitespire Sr.’ birch (Betula populifolia) to demonstrate responses of a cultivar common in the nursery trade. Plants used as controls were irrigated daily, whereas pots of flooded plants were immersed. All water was withheld from the drought-treated taxon that showed the least evapotranspiration each day, while amounts of water less than that lost to evapotranspiration each day were added to plants of the other taxa subjected to drought. After three cycles of drought that induced wilting and a reduction in photosynthetic rate, leaf surface area of A. hirsuta had decreased the least, 12%, am.
Effect Of Marine Cyanobacteria On Cigarette Smoke Exposed Mice -A Preliminary Report

There is sound evidence that cigarette smoking represents a major risk factor causing oxidative stress leads to cancer at various site and many other chronic degenerative diseases. To have an understanding about this we studied the biochemical, immunological and haematological changes accompanying cigarette smoke induced stress in mice and this in turn is followed by treatment with Oscillatoria willei extract. The overall results revealed some stress related pathological changes in the mice model exposed to cigarette smoke. Interestingly some of the cigarette smoke induced stress changes were brought back to normal when Oscillatoria willei extract was given to the cigarette smoke exposed mice.
Competitive price discrimination

We model firms as supplying utility directly to consumers. The equilibrium outcome of competition in utility space depends on the relationship pi(u) between profit and average utility per consumer. Public policy constraints on the "deals" firms may offer affect equilibrium outcomes via their effect on pi(u). From this perspective we examine the profit, utility; and welfare implications of price discrimination policies in an oligopolistic framework. We also show that an equilibrium outcome of competitive nonlinear pricing when consumers have private information about their tastes is for firms to offer efficient two-part tariffs. Copyright 2001 by the RAND Corporation.
ADHESIVE PENETRATION IN WOOD—A REVIEW

Adhesive bond performance between wood elements is presumed to be significantly influenced by the degree of penetration of the adhesive into the porous network of interconnected cells. Research on the bondline performance has been conducted through microscopic examination and associated techniques in an effort to establish relationships with the bond performance. The purpose of this communication is to provide a technical review of research on adhesive penetration, and to promote the efficient use of adhesives in regard to cost and performance, particularly in reference to the manufacture of wood-based composites. Assessment techniques, influence on bond performance, and distinctive characteristics of common adhesives used for the wood-based composites industry were the main focus of this review. Variability between wood species, the wide variety of adhesive application and curing processes, and the many types of adhesive chemistries and formulations make sweeping generalities difficult. However, troubleshooting bonding problems and designing new adhesive systems and processes may be facilitated by understanding the fundamentals of adhesive penetration.
PARANOIA IN THE GENERAL POPULATION: A REVISED VERSION OF THE GENERAL PARANOIA SCALE FOR ADOLESCENTS

The aim of the current study was to validate the General Paranoia Scale for Portuguese Adolescents population (GPS-A). This scale assesses the paranoid ideation in non-clinical population. Results from a confirmatory factor analysis of the scale on 1218 youths confirmed an alternative model to the one-dimensional model proposed by Fenigstein and Vanable (1992) comprising three different dimensions (Mistrust thoughts, persecutory ideas and depreciation). This alternative model presented a good fit: χ(162)= 727.200, p = . 000; CFI = . 925; RMSEA = . 054, P(rmsea ≤0.05) = . 000; PCFI = . 788; AIC = 863.200. All items presented adequate factor loadings (λij ≥0.5) and individual reliability ((λij)2 ≥0.25). Further data analysis on the European Scientific Journal August 2014 edition vol.10, No.23 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e ISSN 18577431 129 scale revealed that the GPS-A is an adequate assessment tool for adolescents, with good psychometric characteristics and high internal consistency.
Modification of the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for assessment of a specific taxonomic group within a soil microbial community.

a double color terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was applied for the diversity assessment of a complex bacterial community in a deciduous forest soil. application of the second label was used to project a specific taxonomic group of bacteria, actinomycetes in our case, to the universal fingerprint. The diversity of actinomycetes was evaluated directly as a percentage of the whole bacterial community by comparing the corresponding terminal fragments of the same length.