Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis in evidence.

original article that may mislead some readers 1 • The study compared 12 randomized trials to 19 meta-analyses performed previously and state that the meta-analysis would lead to the adoption of ineffective treatment or rejection of useful treatment in most of the treatments studied. The analysis I was ba~ed only on statistically significant effects, ignoring the relevance and meaning of the confidence intervals. It is important to emphasize that a meta-analysis is a mathematical syntheses <;>fthe' results of two or more studies that have addressed the same hypothesis, and 'a sys.tematic review is an overview using explicit and reproducible methods, and may be followed by a metaanalysis or note The most important objective of a systematic review or a well-executed meta-analysis is to. obtain data, based on the best evidence existing (published or not), with which we can attempt to check what we know with some leveI of certainty about a subject (for example, a treatment); what we really do not know, due to the absence of good evidence; and what we are uncertain about2• Therefore, this refereed study 1 may have significant bias because, usually, large trials are developed after a meta-analysis that has left some leveI of uncertainty which is clinically importante It is possible to observe this kind of disagreement between systematic review based on small trials and the necessary subsequent large trials without any surprise3,4,5.
A comprehensive parallel study on the board level reliability of SAC, SACX and SCN solders

Legislation that mandates the banning of lead (Pb) in electronics due to environmental and health concerns has been actively pursued in many countries during the past fifteen years. Lead-free electronics will be deployed in many products that serve markets where the reliability is a critical requirement. Although a large number of research studies have been performed and are currently under way in the lead- free soldering area, especially on the reliability of SAC lead- free solder joints, data on comparison of SAC solders with other lead-free solders (such as SCN) is still scarce. This paper presents a systematic reliability study of lead- free solder joints with different solder alloys. The printed circuit board test assemblies include two kinds of components (QFN and PBGA), with different terminal metallurgies and five kinds of lead-free solder pastes (SAC305, SAC387, SACC, SACS and SCN). The results and analysis of different reliability tests (accelerated thermal cycling, package shear/pull, bending and drop tests) with five kinds of solders are discussed.
A cross-sectional study of pre-service teachers’ views about disability and attitudes towards inclusive education

Teachers’ attitudes towards students with disabilities and special educational needs (SEN) and their inclusion in regular education classrooms have been internationally identified as a key factor in the implementation of inclusive education. In this study, 501 participants representing a cross-section of pre-service teachers from three public colleges of education in Ghana were surveyed about their views regarding disability, level of discomfort interacting with people with disabilities and attitudes towards inclusive education. The results indicate that the pre-service teachers understood disability as an interaction between biological and environmental factors and felt comfortable interacting with people with disabilities. However, their attitudes towards inclusive education were imperceptibly positive, with some being predisposed to cultural and religious beliefs about disability. The results are discussed in relation to the impact of background variables and the range of factors that can improve pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education.
Video Head Impulse Test for Early Diagnosis of Vestibular Neuritis Among Acute Vertigo

Abstract Background: This study assesses the value of the video head impulse test (vHIT) for early diagnosis of vestibular neuritis (VN) among acute vertigo. Methods: Thirty-three cases of vestibular neuritis (VN), 96 patients with other acute vertigo (AV), and 50 cases of normal controls used vHIT to quantitatively test a pair of horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflection (VOR) gains, two pairs of vertical VOR gains, and the corresponding three pairs of VOR gain asymmetry. The peculiarity of VOR gains in VN and the differences between VN and other AV, normal controls by vHIT, were collected and analyzed. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the three pairs of VOR gains asymmetry between VN and other AV, and normal controls (P<0.01). The sensitivity was 87.9% and specificity was 94.3% in differentiating VN from normal and other acute vertigo by vHIT. Conclusions: This study shows vHIT has advantages in the diagnosis of VN in acute vertigo with good sensitivity and specificity and indicates a widespread clinical application. RÉSUMÉ Test vidéo d’impulsion de la tête dans le diagnostic précoce de la névrite vestibulaire chez les patients atteints de vertige aigu. Contexte : Au cours de cette étude nous avons évalué le test vidéo d’impulsion de la tête (vHIT) dans le diagnostic de la névrite vestibulaire (NV) chez les patients atteints de vertige aigu (VA). Méthodologie : Nous avons utilisé le vHIT pour évaluer quantitativement les gains d’une paire de reflexes vestibulo-oculaires (VOR) horizontaux, les gains de deux paires de VOR verticaux et l’asymétrie des gain des trois paires de VOR correspondants, chez 33 patients atteints de névrite vestibulaire, 96 patients présentant d’autres vertiges aigus et 50 sujets normaux. La particularité des gains de VOR dans la NV et les différences entre la NV et les autres VA et les sujets témoins au vHIT ont été notées et analysées. Résultats : Nous avons constaté qu’il existait des différences significatives au point de vue statistique dans l’asymétrie des trois paires de gains du VOR entre les patients atteints de NV et de VA, ainsi que des sujets témoins (p < 0,01). La sensibilité était de 87,9% et la spécificité de 94,3% pour distinguer la NV de la normale et des autres vertiges aigus au moyen du vHIT. Conclusions : Cette étude démontre que le vHIT comporte des avantages dans le diagnostic de la NV chez les patients qui présentent un vertige aigu et que la sensibilité et la spécificité du test sont bonnes, ce qui appuie une utilisation généralisée du vHIT en clinique.
Riding Off into the Sunset: Organizational Sensegiving, Shareholder Sensemaking, and Reactions to CEO Retirement

We test hypotheses derived from resource dependence and sensemaking/sensegiving theoretical lenses in the context of CEO succession, focusing on an under‐researched yet prevalent type of executive turnover – CEO retirement. Using event study methodology and a sample of CEO retirements from S&P 1500 firms during the 2003–12 period, we find that, all else equal, shareholders’ perceptions of organizations’ capacity to serve their interests are adversely affected when a retirement related change occurs in the leadership structure. Specifically, in line with resource dependence theory, we find that CEO retirement disclosures typically generate negative abnormal returns. Furthermore, in line with the sensemaking perspective, we find that the magnitude of shareholders’ reactions is contingent on the lexical sensegiving cues contained in the organizational narratives that are released to capital markets via executive retirement announcements. Overall, our theory and results point to CEO retirement events as consequential in the eyes of shareholders, challenging an important assumption of extant succession research. Moreover, they suggest that shareholders’ interpretation of these events is influenced by organizational sensegiving, highlighting the important role of organizational communication around succession events.
Droperidol Lengthens Cardiac Repolarization due to Block of the Rapid Component of the Delayed Rectifier Potassium Current

Droperidol Blocks Cardiac IKr. Introduction: Torsades de pointes have been observed during treatment with droperidol, a butyrophenone neuroleptic agent. Our objectives were (1) to characterize the effects of droperidol on cardiac repolarization and (2) to evaluate effects of droperidol on a major time‐dependent outward potassium current involved in cardiac repolarization (IKr).
Automatic detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis using artificial intelligence.

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a global issue that seriously endangers public health. Pathology is one of the most important means for diagnosing TB in clinical practice. To confirm TB as the diagnosis, finding specially stained TB bacilli under a microscope is critical. Because of the very small size and number of bacilli, it is a time-consuming and strenuous work even for experienced pathologists, and this strenuosity often leads to low detection rate and false diagnoses. We investigated the clinical efficacy of an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted detection method for acid-fast stained TB bacillus. Methods We built a convolutional neural networks (CNN) model, named tuberculosis AI (TB-AI), specifically to recognize TB bacillus. The training set contains 45 samples, including 30 positive cases and 15 negative cases, where bacilli are labeled by human pathologists. Upon training the neural network model, 201 samples (108 positive cases and 93 negative cases) were collected as test set and used to examine TB-AI. We compared the diagnosis of TB-AI to the ground truth result provided by human pathologists, analyzed inconsistencies between AI and human, and adjusted the protocol accordingly. Trained TB-AI were run on the test data twice. Results Examined against the double confirmed diagnosis by pathologists both via microscopes and digital slides, TB-AI achieved 97.94% sensitivity and 83.65% specificity. Conclusions TB-AI can be a promising support system to detect stained TB bacilli and help make clinical decisions. It holds the potential to relieve the heavy workload of pathologists and decrease chances of missed diagnosis. Samples labeled as positive by TB-AI must be confirmed by pathologists, and those labeled as negative should be reviewed to make sure that the digital slides are qualified.
Chemical Composition and Fumigant Toxicity of the Essential Oils from 16 Species of Eucalyptus Against Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) Adults

ABSTRACT Oils extracted from various species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus badjensis Beuzev & Welch, Eucalyptus badjensis × Eucalyptus nitens, Eucalyptus benthamii variety dorrigoensis Maiden & Cambage, Eucalyptus botryoides Smith, Eucalyptus dalrympleana Maiden, Eucalyptus fastigata Deane & Maiden, Eucalyptus nobilis L.A.S. Johnson & K. D. Hill, Eucalyptus polybractea R. Baker, Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata Sieber ex Spreng, Eucalyptus resinifera Smith, Eucalyptus robertsonii Blakely, Eucalyptus rubida Deane & Maiden, Eucalyptus smithii R. Baker, Eucalyptus elata Dehnh, Eucalyptus fraxinoides Deane & Maiden, E. obliqua L'Hér) were obtained by hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of essential oils was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Essential oils were mainly composed of 1,8-cineole, &agr;-pinene, &agr;-terpineol, 4-terpineol, and &rgr;-cymene. Vapors from these essential oils and their major components were found to be toxic to Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) adults. An aliquot of each oil was placed in a cylindrical test chamber, and the number of knocked down flies was recorded as a function of time. Knockdown time 50% was then calculated. Results showed that essential oil of E. polybractea had the highest knockdown activity of 3.44 min. A correlation was observed between the content of 1,8-cineole in the Eucalyptus essential oils and the corresponding toxic effect.
Inhibition of AKT/FoxO3a signaling induced PUMA expression in response to p53-independent cytotoxic effects of H1: A derivative of tetrandrine

PUMA (p53 unregulated modulator of apoptosis), a BH3-only Bcl-2 family member, can be induced by p53-dependent and p53-independent manners. It plays an important role as regulator of cellular apoptosis. Herein, we evaluate the effects of H1 (a derivative of tetrandrine) on induction of PUMA and underlie its potential mechanism in p53-independent cytotoxic response. Anti-proliferative activity and evidently cytotoxic activity of H1 were observed in wild-type and p53 null cells. Further studies demonstrated that H1 resulted in an increase of cleaved PARP, decease of survivin and elevation of p-H2AX. What is more, H1 significantly induced PUMA expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and caused an increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in p53 null cells. Of note, knockdown of PUMA attenuated cytotoxic activity of H1. Further studies demonstrated that inhibition of AKT/FoxO3a signaling contributed to H1-mediated PUMA induction. Targeted suppression of AKT/FoxO3a signaling by siRNA could overcome H1-mediated PUMA induction. In addition, H1 significantly suppressed NF-κB activity and caused an increase of early apoptotic and late apoptotic cells, and elevated caspase-3 activity. Taken together, we found that inhibition of AKT/FoxO3a signaling may contribute to H1-mediated PUMA induction, suggesting that inhibition of AKT/FoxO3a signaling result in PUMA expression in response to p53-independent cytotoxic effects of H1.
Diagnosis of catheter-related bloodstream infection in neonates: A study on the value of differential time to positivity of paired blood cultures

Objective: Diagnosis of neonatal catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is currently based on isolation of identical bacterial species from bloodstream and catheter tip cultures. This requires removal of the catheter followed by the insertion of a new catheter. The objective of this study was to investigate whether differential time to positivity (DTP) of blood cultures drawn from paired peripheral vein and central vascular catheter is useful for diagnosing neonatal CRBSI, avoiding removal of the catheter. Design: Retrospective observational study. Setting: Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospital of Antwerp, Belgium. Patients: Neonates with probable and definite nosocomial bloodstream infection. Interventions: All episodes of nosocomial bloodstream infection (NBSI) in an approximately 7.5-yr period were identified retrospectively. Definite NBSI episodes in which paired blood cultures were obtained were retained to calculate DTP, to determine the optimal DTP cutoff for the diagnosis of CRBSI, and to assess the validity of DTP for the diagnosis of CRBSI. Measurements and Main Results: Of 32 NBSI episodes included in the study, 16 were CRBSI, seven were non-CRBSI, and nine were classified as “diagnosis uncertain. ” In CRBSI, blood cultures drawn from a central vascular catheter were positive earlier than those drawn from a peripheral vein (median 9.67 hrs vs. 21.58 hrs, p < .01). Median DTP was 10.42 hrs in CRBSI and −0.33 hrs in non-CRBSI (p = .01). The optimal DTP cutoff for the diagnosis of CRBSI was ≥1 hr (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.84 ± 0.11), with a sensitivity of 94%, a specificity of 71%, a positive predictive value of 88%, and a negative predictive value of 83%. Conclusions: Differential time to positivity of paired blood cultures may have some potential in the diagnosis of catheter-related infections in neonatal intensive care unit patients and should be subjected to a prospective study.
Diagnostic imaging of patients in a memory clinic: comparison of MR imaging and 64-detector row CT.

PURPOSE To investigate the assessment of global cortical atrophy (GCA), medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), and white matter changes (WMCs) in patients screened at a memory clinic with a 64-detector row computed tomography (CT) brain protocol, in comparison with the reference standard, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study protocol was approved by the local institutional review board. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Thirty patients (21 men, nine women; median age, 62 years) who presented to a memory clinic underwent 64-detector row CT and multisequence MR imaging of the brain on the same day. Three readers blinded to the clinical diagnosis assessed the resultant images. Images were presented in random order and scored for GCA, MTA, and WMC with published visual rating scales. Intermodality agreement between CT and MR imaging (intrareader agreement across both modalities), expressed by weighted kappa analysis, and interobserver agreement within each modality between readers (Kendall W test) were assessed. RESULTS Overall, excellent intraobserver agreement between CT and MR imaging was observed for GCA (mean kappa, 0.83) and MTA (mean kappa, 0.88 and 0.86 on the left and right sides of the brain, respectively). There was substantial overall agreement concerning WMC (mean kappa, 0.79). For all three tested scales, interobserver variability was low and comparable for CT and MR imaging. CONCLUSION Use of 64-detector row brain CT yields reliable information that is comparable with that obtained with MR imaging. Thus, multidetector row CT is a suitable diagnostic imaging tool in a memory clinic setting.
Association of Dietary Elements and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Objective: The purpose of the study was to establish whether dietary elements are related to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and thus to diseases causing LUTS. Materials and methods: This population-based study was carried out in 1994; a questionnaire was mailed to all men born in 1924, 1934 or 1944 living in Tampere or 11 rural or semi-rural municipalities in the same county, altogether 3143 men. Of this population, 68% were ultimately included in the study. A modified version of the DAN-PSS-1 questionnaire (10 of the questions) was used to assess urinary symptoms and problems arising from them. A symptom index was formed by multiplying the symptom and problem scores for hesitancy, incomplete emptying, urge, urge incontinence, nocturia and daytime frequency, and totalling the products. The men were also asked to report on their medical history, how often they ate vegetables and meat, whether they used butter, margarine or vegetable oil in food, how much alcohol and coffee they consumed, their smoking history and their weight and height. The risk of LUTS was estimated according to the frequency of meat and vegetable intake and the kind of fat used. Results: The confounder-adjusted risk of LUTS was 0.68 (95% CI 0.54-0.86) among men consuming vegetables daily compared with men consuming vegetables less frequently. Compared with men who eat meat less frequently, the confounder-adjusted risk of LUTS was 2.08 (95% CI 1.00-4.10) among men consuming meat weekly, and 2.56 (95% CI 1.30-5.02) among men consuming meat daily. The confounder-adjusted risk of LUTS was 0.73 (95% CI 0.58-0.93) among men who consumed butter compared to those who did not. Conclusions: Dietary elements may also have an important role in the development of diseases causing LUTS. Direct effects of food components may likewise influence the occurrence of LUTS.
A Study of Adjustment among Government and Private Secondary School Teachers

The main objective of this paper is to compare the adjustment among government and private secondary school teachers. A sample of 105 secondary school teachers (55 governments and 50 private) was selected through stratified random sampling technique. Mangal Teacher Adjustment Inventory (MTAI) developed by Dr. S.K. Mangal was used for the data collection. Mean, SD and t-test were employed to analyze the data. The study revealed that government secondary school teachers possess significantly better adjustment than their private counterparts. There is no significant difference between the adjustment of government male and female secondary school teachers. The study also found that there is significant difference between adjustment of private male and female secondary school teachers. However, there is no significant difference between adjustment of government and private female secondary school teachers.
State capture from below? The contradictory effects of decentralisation on public spending

This study analyses the contradictory effects of decentralisation on public spending. We distinguish three dimensions of decentralisation and analyse their joint and separate effects on public spending in the Swiss cantons over 20 years. We find that overall decentralisation has a strong, significant and negative effect on the size of the public sector, thus confirming the Leviathan hypothesis. The same holds for fiscal and institutional decentralisation. However, the extent to which political processes and actors are organised locally rather than centrally actually increases central and decreases local spending. This suggests that actors behave strategically when dealing with the centre by offloading the more costly policies. The wider implication of our study is that the balance between self-rule and shared rule has implications also for the size of the overall political system.
Effect of Creatine Supplementation During Cast-Induced Immobilization on the Preservation of Muscle Mass, Strength, and Endurance

Johnston, APW, Burke, DG, MacNeil, LG, and Candow, DG. Effect of creatine supplementation during cast-induced immobilization on the preservation of muscle mass, strength, and endurance. J Strength Cond Res 23(1): 116-120, 2009-Muscle and strength loss will occur during periods of physical inactivity and immobilization. Creatine supplementation may have a favorable effect on muscle mass and strength independently of exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of creatine supplementation on upper-limb muscle mass and muscle performance after immobilization. Before the study, creatine-naïve men (n = 7; 18-25 years) were assessed for lean tissue mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), strength (1-repetition maximum [1RM] isometric single arm elbow flexion/extension), and muscle endurance (maximum number of single-arm isokinetic elbow flexion/extension repetitions at 60% 1RM). After baseline measures, subjects had their dominant or nondominant (random assignment) upper limb immobilized (long arm plaster cast) at 90° elbow flexion. Using a single-blind crossover design, subjects received placebo (maltodextrin; 4 × 5 g·d−1) during days 1-7 and creatine (4 × 5 g·d−1) during days 15-21. The cast was removed during days 8-14 and 22-29. The dependent measures of lean tissue mass, strength, and endurance were assessed at baseline, postcast, and after the study. During immobilization, compared with isocaloric placebo, creatine supplementation better maintained lean tissue mass (Cr +0.9% vs. PLA −3.7%, p < 0.05), elbow flexor strength (Cr −4.1% vs. PLA −21.5%, p < 0.05), and endurance (Cr −9.6% vs. PLA −43%, p < 0.05), and elbow extensor strength (Cr −3.8% vs. PLA −18%, p < 0.05) and endurance (Cr −6.5% vs. PLA −35%, p < 0.05). These results indicate that short-term creatine supplementation attenuates the loss in muscle mass and strength during upper-arm immobilization in young men.