Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TheDiaTo (v1.0) – a new diagnostic tool for water, energy and entropy budgets in climate models

Abstract. This work presents the Thermodynamic Diagnostic Tool (TheDiaTo), a novel diagnostic tool for investigating the thermodynamics of climate systems with a wide range of applications, from sensitivity studies to model tuning. It includes a number of modules for assessing the internal energy budget, the hydrological cycle, the Lorenz energy cycle and the material entropy production. The routine takes as inputs energy fluxes at the surface and at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), which allows for the computation of energy budgets at the TOA, the surface and in the atmosphere as a residual. Meridional enthalpy transports are also computed from the divergence of the zonal mean energy budget from which the location and intensity of the maxima in each hemisphere are calculated. Rainfall, snowfall and latent heat fluxes are received as inputs for computation of the water mass and latent energy budgets. If a land–sea mask is provided, the required quantities are separately computed over continents and oceans. The diagnostic tool also computes the annual Lorenz energy cycle (LEC) and its storage and conversion terms by hemisphere and as a global mean. This is computed from three-dimensional daily fields of horizontal wind velocity and temperature in the troposphere. Two methods have been implemented for the computation of the material entropy production: one relying on the convergence of radiative heat fluxes in the atmosphere (indirect method) and the other combining the irreversible processes occurring in the climate system, particularly heat fluxes in the boundary layer, the hydrological cycle and the kinetic energy dissipation as retrieved from the residuals of the LEC (direct method). A version of these diagnostics has been developed as part of the Earth System Model eValuation Tool (ESMValTool) v2.0a1 in order to assess the performances of CMIP6 model simulations, and it will be available in the next release. The aim of this software is to provide a comprehensive picture of the thermodynamics of the climate system, as reproduced in the state-of-the-art coupled general circulation models. This can prove useful for better understanding anthropogenic and natural climate change, paleoclimatic climate variability, and climatic tipping points.
Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2

Abstract. SOCOL-AERv1 was developed as an aerosol–chemistry–climate model to study the stratospheric sulfur cycle and its influence on climate and the ozone layer. It includes a sectional aerosol model that tracks the sulfate particle size distribution in 40 size bins, between 0.39 nm and 3.2 µm. Sheng et al. (2015) showed that SOCOL-AERv1 successfully matched observable quantities related to stratospheric aerosol. In the meantime, SOCOL-AER has undergone significant improvements and more observational datasets have become available. In producing SOCOL-AERv2 we have implemented several updates to the model: adding interactive deposition schemes, improving the sulfate mass and particle number conservation, and expanding the tropospheric chemistry scheme. We compare the two versions of the model with background stratospheric sulfate aerosol observations, stratospheric aerosol evolution after Pinatubo, and ground-based sulfur deposition networks. SOCOL-AERv2 shows similar levels of agreement as SOCOL-AERv1 with satellite-measured extinctions and in situ optical particle counter (OPC) balloon flights. The volcanically quiescent total stratospheric aerosol burden simulated in SOCOL-AERv2 has increased from 109 Gg of sulfur (S) to 160 Gg S, matching the newly available satellite estimate of 165 Gg S. However, SOCOL-AERv2 simulates too high cross-tropopause transport of tropospheric SO2 and/or sulfate aerosol, leading to an overestimation of lower stratospheric aerosol. Due to the current lack of upper tropospheric SO2 measurements and the neglect of organic aerosol in the model, the lower stratospheric bias of SOCOL-AERv2 was not further improved. Model performance under volcanically perturbed conditions has also undergone some changes, resulting in a slightly shorter volcanic aerosol lifetime after the Pinatubo eruption. With the improved deposition schemes of SOCOL-AERv2, simulated sulfur wet deposition fluxes are within a factor of 2 of measured deposition fluxes at 78 % of the measurement stations globally, an agreement which is on par with previous model intercomparison studies. Because of these improvements, SOCOL-AERv2 will be better suited to studying changes in atmospheric sulfur deposition due to variations in climate and emissions.
Ecotherapy: Healing Ourselves, Healing the Earth

Contents Introduction: Using the Ecological Circle for Self-Care, Earth-Care, Soul-Care * Humankind's Earthly Roots: Finding the Lost Self and the Lost Earth * Principles of Healing Persons by Healing the Earth: The Ecotherapy-Ecoeducation Model * Spiritual, Value, and Meaning-of-Life Issues in Ecotherapy and Ecoeducation * Resources for Ecotherapy and Ecoeducation from Other Therapies and Cultures * Greening and Cleaning the Settings of Counseling, Therapy, Education, and Living * The Assessment, Timing, and Process of Ecotherapy and Ecoeducation * Methods of Ecotherapy and Ecoeducation: Grounded Healing and Teaching, Section One * Methods of Ecotherapy and Ecoeducation: Grounded Healing and Teaching, Section Two * Ecoeducation: Teachers, Counselors, Therapists, and Parents Teach Earth-Literacy and Earth-Caring * Postlude: Some Parting Perspectives * Index
Performance Improvement of the Memory Hierarchy of RISC Systems by Applications of 3-D Technology.

In this paper, potential performance improvements of the memory hierarchy of RISC-systems for implementations employing 3-D-technology are investigated. Relating to RISC-systems, 3-D ICs will offer the opportunity for integrating much more memory on-chip (i.e. on one IC or 3-D IC with the processor). As a result, the second-level cache may be moved on-chip. The available on-chip cache may alternatively be organized in three levels. Investigations were also performed for the case of the main memory being integrated on-chip. Current restrictions of conventional RISC-system implementations, such as limited available transistor count for on-chip caching, confined data bus width between processor-chip and the off-chip second-level cache, long access times of the second-level cache, strongly limit the achievable performance of the memory hierarchy and may be either removed or at least substantially reduced by the use of 3-D ICs. To evaluate the performance improvements of implementations employing 3-D ICs, a model based on measured miss rates and on an analytical access time model is used. The average time per-instruction is employed as the performance measure. Results of extensive case studies indicate, that substantial performance improvements depending on implementation, cache sizes, cache organization, and miss rates are achievable using 3-D ICs. A comparison of four optimized implementations all with a total cache size of approximately 1 MB yielded performance improvements in the range of 23% to 31% for the implementations employing 3-D-technology over the conventionally implemented system. It is concluded that 3-D-technology will be very attractive for future high performance RISC-systems, since the system performance depends vitally on the performance of the memory hierarchy.
Digital Communications and Spread Spectrum Systems

Book Reviews - Digital communications and spread spectrum systems This report is a tutorial introduction to spread spectrum communication . Spread spectrum systems is a class of (primarily) wireless digital communication. Digital communications and spread spectrum systems - Google Books Digital Communications: Fundamentals & Applications, 2/E - Google Books Result A spread spectrum based system technique for synchronization of . Digital Communication - Google Books Result Spread spectrum signals are signals carrying digital modulation as a rule. What signal . advantageous in optical-communication systems, as well. As a rule, the . PPT – DIGITAL SPREAD SPECTRUM SYSTEMS PowerPoint . An Introduction to Spread Spectrum Systems - IEEE efficiency of digital communication systems over present systems without sacrificing any reliability. This new technique is called Spread Spectrum Pilot. In telecommunication and radio communication, spread-spectrum . A synchronous digital system is one that is driven by a clock signal and, because of its . Principles of Digital Communication - Google Books Result 6 Nov 2014 . Spread Spectrum refers to a system originally developed for military . [2] J. G. Proakis, “Digital Communications,” 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill . SPREAD SPECTRUM: - MIT 12.1 Model of spread spectrum digital communications system. Digital Communications: Chapter 12. Ver 2015.06. 11. Po-Ning Chen. 2 / 87 . Introduction to Digital Communication Systems - Google Books Result interest are digital communications, amateur satellites . System (PCS), and digital cellular telephony . experiment with spread spectrum communications. Digital Communications and Spread Spectrum Systems: Amazon.de . Digital Communications and Spread Spectrum System on ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists. Download PDF article, Spread Spectrum - It's not just for breakfast . S. Kulkarni , F. Mazumder , G. I. Haddad, A high-speed 32-bit parallel correlator for spread spectrum communication, Proceedings of the 9th International . Wireless Information Transmission System Lab. National Sun Yat-sen University. Institute of Communications Engineering. Spread Spectrum Signal for Digital. Digital Communications and Spread Spectrum Systems: Rodger E . Understanding Spread Spectrum for Communications - National . Why Digital? Demand: Increased requirement for computer to computer communications . Technology
Efficacy of recombinant human FSH in comparison to urinary hMG following a long down-regulation protocol - an analysis of 24,764 ART cycles in Germany

We report the analysis of 24,764 treatment cycles using assisted reproductive techniques, in which patients received either menotropin (urinary human menopausal gonadotrophin, u-hMG) or recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (r-hFSH) following a long down-regulation protocol using gonadotrophinreleasing hormone agonists. Data processing was accomplished using the software RecDate, provided to the participating centres free of charge by Serono GmbH, which, in return, received the fully anonymized, treatment-related data. The treatments analysed were performed in 74 reproductive medicine centres in Germany between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2002. The primary endpoints were live birth rate and gonadotrophin use per cycle, per pregnancy and per live birth. Following a long down-regulation protocol, the live birth rate in the r-hFSH group was 16.9% compared with 14.5% in the u-hMG group. The absolute difference was 2.4% and the relative difference 16.6% in favour of r-hFSH. The difference between the confirmed birth rates in the total patient population was statistically significantly in favour of r-hFSH (p < 0.0001). Moreover, for each birth achieved with r-hFSH, considerably less gonadotrophin was used than with u-hMG. Overall, 39.5% more gonadotrophin was required per birth in the u-hMG group than in the r-hFSH group.
Avaliação de potenciais interações medicamentosas em prescrições de pacientes internadas, em hospital público universitário especializado em saúde da mulher, em Campinas-SP

Interacao medicamentosa (IM) e um evento clinico em que os efeitos de um farmaco sao alterados pelo uso concomitante ou anterior de outro farmaco, alimento ou bebida. O estudo teve como objetivo identificar IM em prescricoes da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e Alojamento Conjunto (AC). Foram avaliadas 36 prescricoes da UTI e 271 do AC. As IM foram listadas como graves, moderadas e menores. A base utilizada foi o site Drugs. Identificou-se 105 interacoes graves, 171 moderadas, 18 menores. Para as IM classificadas como graves, realizou-se estudo comparativo com a base DrugDex/Micromedex e com o software O Pharmaceutico, constatando-se que a IM de metoclopramida com tramadol que representava 63,16% das IM da UTI e 100% das IM do AC nao sao classificadas como graves. A identificacao das IM de relevância clinica e o seu monitoramento permite tratamentos mais efetivos com o menor numero possivel de complicacoes causadas por IM. Palavras-chave : Interacoes medicamentosas. Analise de prescricao. Uso racional de medicamentos. ABSTRACT Drug interaction (DI) is a common clinical occurrence, in which the effects of one drug are altered by the simultaneous or previous use of another drug, food or drink. The aim of this study was to identify DI in medical prescriptions issued in the intensive care unit (ICU) and common shelter (CS) at a public women’s hospital in Brazil. Thirty-six prescriptions from the ICU and 271 prescriptions from the CS were analyzed and the DIs classified as “major”, “moderate” and “minor”, based on the database at the website Drugs.com. At the ICU, 105 “major”, 171 “moderate” and 18 “minor” DIs were identified, while at the CS, the numbers found were 64, 64 and 4, respectively. For major DIs, a comparative analysis was carried out with another database, DrugDex/MicromedexTM, and the program OPharmaceuticoTM, revealing a lack of standardization and conflicting information in the different databases. Pharmacosurveillance in the wards, carried out by a pharmacist to identify the clinically relevant DIs and monitor their clinical manifestations, would enable more effective treatments to be given, with the smallest possible number of complications due to DIs, thus reducing lengths of stay and hospital costs. Keywords : Drug interactions. Drug prescription analysis. Rational use of drugs.
Deformable Surface 3D Reconstruction from Monocular Images

Performance evaluation is at the foundation of computer architecture research and development. Contemporary microprocessors are so complex that architects cannot design systems based on intuition and simple models only. Adequate performance evaluation methods are absolutely crucial to steer the research and development process in the right direction. However, rigorous performance evaluation is non-trivial as there are multiple aspects to performance evaluation, such as picking workloads, selecting an appropriate modeling or simulation approach, running the model and interpreting the results using meaningful metrics. Each of these aspects is equally important and a performance evaluation method that lacks rigor in any of these crucial aspects may lead to inaccurate performance data and may drive research and development in a wrong direction. The goal of this book is to present an overview of the current state-of-the-art in computer architecture performance evaluation, with a special emphasis on methods for exploring processor architectures. The book focuses on fundamental concepts and ideas for obtaining accurate performance data. The book covers various topics in performance evaluation, ranging from performance metrics, to workload selection, to various modeling approaches including mechanistic and empirical modeling. And because simulation is by far the most prevalent modeling technique, more than half the book's content is devoted to simulation. The book provides an overview of the simulation techniques in the computer designer's toolbox, followed by various simulation acceleration techniques including sampled simulation, statistical simulation, parallel simulation and hardware-accelerated simulation.
Usefulness of CDK5RAP3, CCNB2, and RAGE Genes for the Diagnosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma

We used oligonucleotide microarrays with probe sets to 22,283 genes to analyze the gene expression profile of lung adenocarcinoma. Cancerous and noncancerous tissue samples were obtained from 23 patients with stage I or II lung cancer; 18 tissue pairs and 5 cancerous tissues. A list of 2065 genes that differentiate between cancerous and noncancerous tissues was generated using Winsorized paired t-tests. We analyzed CDK5RAP3 and CCNB2, which are involved in cell cycle progression, and RAGE. The first 2 of these 3 genes proved to be overexpressed in tumor tissue, whereas the RAGE gene was suppressed in tumor tissue. When CDK5RAP3 and CCNB2 were examined in individual patients we found that in cases where one of these genes was only slightly overexpressed the other was highly overexpressed. The combined expression of the 2 cell cycle genes was found to be statistically significant for differentiating between cancerous and noncancerous tissues. Inclusion of the data for the RAGE gene made the differentiation more powerful. The gene expression ratio gave a clear result: when CDK5RAP3 was expressed more than RAGE, the tissue was carcinomatous, and vice versa. We therefore conclude that these 3 genes may be used as a very reliable biomarker of lung adenocarcinoma.
Stigma and Social Exclusion in Healthcare

1. Introduction 2. Historical Developments 3. The Changing Dynamic of Stigma 4. Relationship to Practice 5. The Stigma of Congenital Abnormalities 6. Aspects of Stigma Associated with Genetic Conditions 7. Hearing Loss - Scope for Concealment 8. Marked on Sight 9. The Stigma of 'Sexuality': Concealability and Course 11. HIV and Aids 12. The Stigma of Epilepsy: Implications for Clinical Management 13. Burns and Social Stigma 14. Exclusive Language? 15. Race, Stigma and Stereotyping: The Construction of Difference in Forensic Care 16. The Mentally Disordered Offender: Looking Glass Monsters: Reflections of the Paedophile in Popular Culture 17. Not In My Back Yard: Stigma From A Personal Perspective 18. Smackheads, Crackheads and Other Junkies: Dimensions of the Stigma of Drug Use 19. Rosa's Story: The Burden of Ill Health When Homeless 20. Involuntary Childlessness and Stigma, 21. Teen Pregnancy, Stigma and Differential Provision of Health Care 22. The Stigmatisation of Breastfeeding 23. The Stigma of Terminal Cancer 24. Stroke 25. Elderly 26. From Stigma to Social Exclusion of Disabled People 27. Manifesto for Change
Mixed Styles in Spoken Arabic in Egypt: Somewhere Between Order and Chaos

CONTENTS Preface Chapter One: Arabic and the Issue of Standard Language Chapter Two: Intermediate Forms-'Mixed Styles' Chapter Three: Variants of Complementizers Chapter Four: Demonstratives Chapter Five: The Expression of Negation Chapter Six: The Relative Phrase Chapter Seven: Pronoun Suffixation Chapter Eight: Results, Interpretation, and Conclusions Appendix 1: Sequential presentation of variants Appendix 2: Transcribed text Appendix 3: Translation of text Bibliography Index
Compliance to Occupational and Public Health Requirements and Associated Factors in Barbershops and Hair Dressing Salons, A Case of kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Hairdressing and barbering industry is one of occupations which employ significant number of young men and women. This population can be exposed to number of occupational problems such as poor posture, joint pain, prolonged standing, long working hours, missed meals, as well as being subjected to physical injuries. These problems can be reduced if barbershops and hair dressing salons are highly complying with occupational and public health regulatory and operational requirements (OHS and PH) as stipulated in Occupational Health and Safety Acts of 2003 and the Public Health Act of 2009. However, there are disparities and relaxations in terms of compliance to the OHS and PH. This study aimed at assessing compliance to OHS & PH and associated factors in salons. Quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Kinondoni Municipality in Dar es salaam, Tanzania between April and May 2012. Both structured questionnaire and observational checklist was used to gather information on compliance OHS and PH requirements. A total of 381 randomly selected respondents were selected from 288 randomly selected salons from 34 wards of Kinondoni Municipality. A maximum of 2 employees were randomly sampled in each salon particularly for those with more than two workers. Majority of salons were found to moderately (69.1%, n=199) complying with OHS and PH requirements, and none were highly complied. Salons with adequate inspections were significantly (P<0.001) associated with high compliance to OHS and PH requirements than those with poor inspection. Moreover, Knowledge and skills on OHS and PH requirements significantly (P<0.05) were associated with compliance to OHS and PH requirements. Other factors such as availability of policies and regulations, law enforcement, negligence, demographic characteristics and working experience were not statistically significant associated with compliance to OHS and PH requirements. It can be recommended that Occupational Health and Safety Authority (OSHA) should adequately conduct workplace inspections and awareness program to improve compliance to OHS and PH requirement in salons
Trauma nursing : the art and science

This comprehensive reference focuses on the practice of trauma nursing and the prevention of traumatic injury. The state-of-the-art content is presented in a logical, nursing-oriented approach that simulates the realities of trauma nursing practice. TRAUMA NURSING emphasizes care of the adult, while providing expansive lifespan content on pediatric, pregnant, and geriatric trauma patients.
Grammatical Relations in a Radical Creole: Verb Complementation in Saramaccan

With English and Portuguese as parent languages; the significant lexical retention of African languages; and the relative isolation of its speakers, Saramaccan has always stood out among Creole languages. Yet despite its obvious interest Saramaccan received little in the way of scholarly study. This groundbraking monograph dispels the mystery surrounding Saramaccan and provides strong evidence for a new approach to Creole origins. The study is carried out within the government-binding framework. The author shows how Saramaccan comes close to demonstrating what constitues the irreducible minimum of building blocks with which a language can be constructed, and the types of structure which must develop under such conditions. In this work Frank Byrne combines the outcome of patient and persevering fieldwork with a firm grasp of current theoretical issues and provides us with the insights into the nature of universal grammar of which a Creole like Saramaccan is potentially capable.