Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supplementing pasture to lactating Holsteins fed a total mixed ration diet.

Beginning in September 1997, a 6-week study was conducted to compare performance and income-over-feed cost of lactating Holsteins cows fed either a total mixed ration diet (TMR) only, compared to TMR in the afternoon and pasture in the morning, or TMR in the morning and pasture in the afternoon. Fifty-four Holstein cows in midlactation, averaging 28.1 kg/d of milk, were used in the study. Cows were on pasture for 8 h/d after either the p.m. or the a.m. milking. Predominantly orchardgrass with lesser amounts of white clover and Kentucky bluegrass were grazed. Pasture was sampled once per week, and weekly composites were analyzed. Compressed sward height and herbage dry matter (DM) yield were estimated once per week. Milk yield was electronically recorded and was sampled biweekly. Body condition score and body weight (BW) was recorded at the beginning and end of the study. Income-over-feed cost was calculated for each treatment. Compressed sward height and DM yield averaged 12.7 cm and 1397 kg/ha, respectively. Pasture crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber averaged 27.0, 55.7, and 26.9%, respectively, and net energy-lactation was 1.65 Mcal/kg of dry matter. Milk production was greater for cows on the TMR treatment (29.1 vs. 28.2 and 27.6). No significant difference occurred in percentage of milk fat (3.54, 3.42, and 3.46%), or protein (3.28, 3.20, and 3.22%) for the above respective treatments. The SNF content (8.77 vs. 8.67 and 8.63%) was higher in TMR cows. While BW change did not differ among treatments (23, 32, and 22 kg), body condition score change was greater in cows fed TMR only (0.14 vs. -0.06 and 0.01). As expected, TMR intake was greatest for cows fed TMR only and lowest for cows grazing after the p.m. milking (26.6 vs. 20.3 vs. 17.5 kg/d dry matter). Income-over-feed cost differed between treatments and was approximately 18.6 and 7.5% higher for cows grazing high quality pasture during the afternoon and the morning, respectively, compared with cows on the TMR treatment.
Systematic Analysis of High-Current Effects in Flexible Polycrystalline-Silicon Transistors Fabricated on Polyimide

This paper systematically studies high-current-induced effects, hot-carrier effects, and self-heating effects in flexible low-temperature polycrystalline-silicon thin-film transistors fabricated on polyimide. By utilizing <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and various-frequency <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> measurements, the exact location of defects generated by the self-heating effects can be clarified. The degradation mechanism is found to originate from asymmetric negative-bias temperature instability. After clarifying this mechanism, the self-heating effects were shown to be alleviated by manipulating the fabrication of the buffer layer, thereby improving heat dissipation capabilities.
Relationships of intraosseous and systemic pressure waveforms in a Swine model.

BACKGROUND Despite some focus on the use of intraosseous (IO) catheters to obtain laboratory samples, very little is known about the potential for obtaining other forms of clinical data. Largely unstudied is the relationship between IO pressures (IOPs) and systemic hemodynamic pressures such as mean arterial pressure (MAP) and central venous pressures (CVP). OBJECTIVES The objective was to explore the relationship between hemodynamic parameters (blood pressures) measured through an IO catheter and intravascular catheters placed in the arterial and central venous circulation. METHODS Eight pigs (Sus scrofa) weighing 30 to 45 kg were sedated with a short-acting agent, intubated with a cuffed endotracheal tube, and anesthetized with 2% to 3% isoflurane. Intravascular catheters were placed into the femoral or carotid artery and the femoral or jugular vein for MAP and CVP measurements. IO catheters, 15 mm for the sternum and 25 mm for the long bones, were placed percutaneously into the proximal tibia, proximal femur, proximal humerus, right proximal ulna, and/or sternum. Pressures were recorded during normotension, hypotension, and hypertension. RESULTS Averaged across all eight animals, the means (ranges) for baseline systemic pressures were as follows: MAP = 66.5 (55.6 to 76.7) mm Hg, tibia IOP = 17.4 (9.3 to 34.5) mm Hg, femur IOP =18.4 (3.3 to 33.1) mm Hg, humerus IOP = 15.7 (2.8 to 28.9) mm Hg, ulna IOP = 16.0 (7.9 to 25.6) mm Hg, sternum IOP = 5.7 (-0.5 to 47.9) mm Hg, and CVP = 2.7 mm Hg (-3.3 to 7.9) mm Hg. The best median correlation occurred between femur IOP and mean MAP (r = 0.65). The four highest correlations between IOP and MAP were associated with mean femur IOP. Only one IO site had a correlation coefficient over 0.50 for CVP. The long bones tended to correlate better with the MAP and the sternum tended to correlate better with the CVP. Nonlinearity was observed in the actively rising pressure phases, which can be explained by a hysteresis model. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between IOP and MAP or CVP is variable by site, with the MAP and CVP tending to be estimated by the femur and sternum, respectively. The relationship to actively rising pressures is nonlinear and a hysteresis model is proposed to explain the phase change. Further experimentation is needed to refine the IOP relationship to the MAP and CVP and assess the potential of these measurements to provide clinically relevant information.
Risk Factors for Hospital Death of Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Without Previous Diagnosis of Severe Chronic Renal Failure Arriving in an Emergency Situation at the Hospital

Objectives. Many end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients get their first nephrologic care under critical clinical conditions and without previous diagnosis of chronic renal failure (CRF), a situation even worse than the late referral of CRF patients for nephrologic treatment. Data on these “nonreferred” patients are scarce. The objectives of this study were to assess clinical and laboratory features, the reasons for coming to the hospital and the factors associated with death in nonreferred ESRD patients first seen by a nephrologist in an emergency situation. Methods. Retrospective study (04 1996–03 2000) using the medical records of patients diagnosed with ESRD at the nephrologic emergency visit in a university tertiary hospital. Clinical and laboratory parameters were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups according to hospital outcome: survivors or nonsurvivors. Results. There were 414 patients (12% of all nephrologic emergency visits), aged 49 ± 17 years, 266 males (64%) and 208 (55%) hypertensive. Mortality rate was 13.7% (54/393). When compared to survivors, nonsurvivors were older, used mechanical ventilation and vasoactive drugs more frequently, presented higher infection rate, and showed lower plasma creatinine. Multivariate logistic regression showed as factors independently associated with death: first nephrologic visit at intensive care unit, infection as cause for seeking medical care, and increasing age. Plasma creatinine above 10 mg/dL was a protective factor for death. Conclusions. ESRD patients reaching dialysis in a nephrologic emergency situation presented high hospital mortality, which was mostly associated with their poor clinical condition at admission.
Adverse Events Attributable to Nocebo in Randomized Controlled Drug Trials in Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Systematic Review

Objective:The objectives of the study were to determine the impact of nocebo effects on adverse events (AEs) in drug trials in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods:MEDLINE, CENTRAL, SCOPUS, and the databases of the U.S. National Institutes of Health and the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America were searched until December 31, 2010. Randomized controlled trials with a parallel design of any drug therapy compared with pharmacological placebo in patients with FMS and DPN were included. Pooled estimates of nocebo effects (number of patients with at least 1 AE and dropping out due AEs) were calculated for placebo and true drug groups by a random effects model. Results:Fifty-eight FMS (62 DPN) trials included a total of 5065 (5095) patients in placebo groups. The quality of reporting the assessment strategy of AEs was poor in most trials. The pooled estimate of the event rate drop out rate due to AEs in placebo groups was 9.6 [95% confidence control (CI): 8.6-10.7] in placebo and 16.3 (95% CI: 14.1-31.2) in true drug groups of FMS trials and was 5.8 (95% CI: 5.1-6.6) in placebo and 13.2 (95% CI: 10.7-16.2) in true drug groups of DPN trials. Nocebo effects accounted for 72.0% (44.9) of the drop outs in true drug groups in FMS (DPN). Discussion:Nocebo effects substantially accounted for AEs in drug trials of FMS and DPN. Standards to assess and report AEs should be defined by regulatory agencies. Strategies to minimize nocebo effects in both clinical trials and clinical practice should be developed.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES DURING TREATMENT WITH LITHIUM AND WITH DRUGS OF THE IMIPRAMINE‐TYPE

The description of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes during treatment with imipramine (TofranilB) (Andersen & Kristiansen, 1959, Fotel-Andersen & Geert-Jerrgensen, 1959, Larsen & Johnke-Jensen, 1960, Lunn & Kristiansen, 1960, Geert-Jsrgensen, 1961, Kristiansen, 1961) raises a number of questions: Can similar ECG changes be produced by other drugs? By other drugs used in psychiatric pharmacotherapy? By other antidepressive drugs? By drugs that are chemically and therapeutically related to imipramine? And further: Are the EGG changes always fully reversible? Is the drug action on the heart additive to coexistent cardiac disease? Do the ECG changes indicate that the drug itself produces a cardiac lesion, or can they be regarded as innocuous side effects of the drug? The present study aims at answering some of these questions. A preliminary communication was presented at the 13th Scandinavian Congress of Psychiatry in Helsingfors (Schou, 1962 a).
Analysis of the interactions of actin depolymerizing factor with G- and F-actin.

Chick actin depolymerizing factor (ADF) is an actin binding protein previously shown to rapidly depolymerize actin filaments in vitro, yielding a 1:1 complex of ADF and actin monomer. Here we show that ADF protects actin monomer from denaturation by EDTA by inhibiting the exchange of actin-bound nucleotide. Under low ionic strength conditions, the approximate dissociation constant (KD) for the ADF-actin complex determined from exchange of nucleotide (1,N6-etheno-ATP) is about 150 and is calcium-independent. Addition of ADF to monomeric actin inhibits actin assembly as well as the ATP hydrolysis that normally accompanies assembly. Complex formation is demonstrated between ADF and actin containing either ATP, ADP, or AMPPNP as the bound nucleotide. A KD of 0.1-0.2 microM was calculated for both the ADF-ATP-actin and ADF-AMPPNP-actin complexes, whereas the KD for the ADF-ADP-actin complex is about 1.3 microM. ADF can either depolymerize or cosediment with F-actin in a stoichiometric fashion, but these reciprocal activities are pH-dependent. At pHs between 6.5 and 7.1, ADF cosediments with F-actin and demonstrates only weak depolymerizing activity. ADF binding is cooperative and saturates at a 1:1 ADF:actin molar ratio. At pHs between 7.1 and 7.7, ADF shows increasing depolymerizing activity and less F-actin binding. At pH 8.0, ADF depolymerizes F-actin in a stoichiometric manner. Both the F-actin binding and the depolymerizing activities of ADF are inhibited by phalloidin. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Morphological alterations in the amygdala and hippocampus of mice during ageing

Declines in memory function and behavioural dysfunction accompany normal ageing in mammals. However, the cellular and morphological basis of this decline remains largely unknown. It was assumed for a long time that cell losses in the hippocampus accompany ageing. However, recent stereological studies have questioned this finding. In addition, the effect of ageing is largely unknown in another key structure of the memory system, the amygdala. In the present study, we have estimated neuronal density and total neuronal numbers as well as density of fragments of degenerated axons in different hippocampal subfields and amygdaloid nuclei. Comparisons were made among aged (21–26 months old) mice and normal adult littermates (8 months old). No significant volume loss occurs in the hippocampus of aged mice. Small but insignificant reductions in total neuronal numbers were found in the hippocampus and in the amygdaloid nuclei. In contrast to the mild effects of ageing upon neuronal numbers, fragments of degenerated axons were increased in both hippocampus and amygdala of aged mice. These data suggest that ageing does not induce prominent cell loss in the hippocampus or amygdala, but leads to degeneration of axons that innervate these forebrain structures. Thus, mechanisms underlying age‐related dysfunction depend on parameters other than neuronal numbers, at least in the hippocampal formation and the amygdala.
1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits cell growth and chondrogenesis of a clonal mouse EC cell line, ATDC5

Here we report the effects of lα,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] in vitro on the growth and chondrogenesis of a chondroprogenitor‐like clonal mouse EC cell line, 10−10 to 10−7 M ATDC5, 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation in undifferentiated chondroprogenitor‐like ATDC5 cells in time‐ and dose‐dependent manners. 1,25(OH)2D3 suppressed cartilage‐nodule formation and the accumulation of cartilage‐specific proteoglycan in ATDC5 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. The 1,25(OH)2D3‐induced inhibition of cartilage‐nodule formation was reversible and direct, unrelated to the antiproliferative action of the hormone on the undifferentiated ATDC5 cells. ATDC5 cells even in the precartilaginous stage expressed 4.4 kb vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA as assessed by northern blot analysis. The equilibrium saturation binding experiment revealed the presence of a single class of saturable and high‐affinity binding sites for 1,25(OH)2D3 in the cytosols. These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that both recruitment and chondrogenesis of chondroprogenitors are negatively regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 via a VDR‐mediated process in vivo.
Multiband Circularly Polarized Cavity-Backed Crossed Dipole Antenna

In this paper, novel designs of miniaturized and multiband circularly polarized (CP) cavity-backed crossed dipole antennas are proposed. Single-band and dual-band LC resonators are placed along both the arms of double-sided printed dipoles to realize dual-band and tri-band operations, respectively. Identical pairs of loaded dipoles are placed in crossed configuration to achieve dual-band and tri-band CP operations using vacant printed ring. Cavity-backed reflector is further employed to get enhancement in the 10-dB impedance bandwidth (IBW) and 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) along with unidirectional radiation pattern and wide 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth in the operating bands. Measured results confirm that the proposed dual-band cavity-backed crossed dipole antenna exhibits CP operation bandwidths (AR <; 3 dB and S11 <; -10 dB) of 7.50% and 26.15%, with center frequencies at 1.87 and 2.83 GHz, respectively. The corresponding CP operating bandwidths for the tri-band cavity-backed crossed dipole antenna are 1.24%, 9.55%, and 14.95% centered at 1.61, 2.20, and 2.81 GHz, respectively. The proposed dual-band and tri-band antennas can be used in DCS/PCS/Global Star/UMTS/WLAN applications.
Prevalence of Antibodies against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle in Kasese and Bushenyi Districts in Uganda

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and serotype-specificity of the circulating antibodies against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) in cattle in Kasese and Bushenyi districts in Uganda. A total of 309 serum samples were collected and tested for antibodies against Non-Structural (NS) and Structural Proteins (SP) using Ceditest® FMDV-NS and Ceditest® FMDV type O test kits. Seroprevalences were much higher in Kasese in both tests (61 and 43%, respectively) than in Bushenyi (3 and 4%, respectively). A high proportion of sera, that tested positive in the NSP test, were subjected to seven serotype specific blocking ELIS As for antibodies against the seven FMDV serotypes (O, A, C, Asia 1, SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3). The study showed presence of antibodies against four FMDV serotypes with decreasing magnitude as follows: O＞SAT 1＞SAT 3/SAT 2. It is recommended to develop sampling schemes to include virus recovery and identification, as well as to focus serum sampling on young unvaccinated stock.
In search of genes associated with risk for psychopathic tendencies in children: a two-stage genome-wide association study of pooled DNA.

BACKGROUND Quantitative genetic data from our group indicates that antisocial behaviour (AB) is strongly heritable when coupled with psychopathic, callous-unemotional (CU) personality traits. We have also demonstrated that the genetic influences for AB and CU overlap considerably. We conducted a genome-wide association scan that capitalises on these findings in an attempt to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that may increase risk for psychopathic tendencies (AB+/CU+). METHODS Teacher ratings at age 7 were used to screen 8374 twins with available DNA samples for individuals that were high vs. low on both AB and CU. In Stage 1, we screened for allele frequency differences in 642,432 autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the Affymetrix 6.0 GeneChip with pooled DNA for high-scoring (AB+/CU+) versus low-scoring children (N = approximately 300/group). In Stage 2, we tested the 3000 most strongly associated SNPs from Stage 1 for association in the same direction in a second sample of high- versus low-scoring children from the same twin study (18% co-twins). RESULTS Using allele frequencies estimated from pooled DNA, we found suggestive evidence for enrichment of association in the second stage of our two-stage genome-wide association design and focus on reporting the 30 top-ranking SNPs nominally associated with psychopathic tendencies. These SNPs include neurodevelopmental genes such as ROBO2. CONCLUSIONS Although none of the SNPs reached genome-wide statistical significance we have generated a list of SNPs that are potentially associated with psychopathic tendencies, which we believe warrant verification and replication in large independent and clinical samples.
bFixing number of floors for virtual voice-only conference - an empirical study

For efficient computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) audio conferencing is an essential component where video and text are add-ons. The specifications for enabling CSCW over Internet are incomplete if they are blind to actual conduct of participants. Indeed, a blind conference mimics quite closely a virtual voice-only conference. In this paper, we analyze the results of sessions of face-to-face blind conversations and gain penetrating insights. In particular, we focus on the impact of users' behavior on the design of a scalable architecture for virtual voice-only conferencing over VoIP and arrive at a meaningful number of floors for such conferences. We also present the features and the requirements for the proposed service.
Ischemia‐reperfusion selectively impairs nitric oxide‐ mediated dilation in coronary arterioles: counteracting role of arginase

A reduction in L‐arginine availability has been implicated in the impairment of endothelium‐ dependent nitric oxide (NO)‐mediated vasodilation by ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R). However, the mechanisms contributing to dysregulation of the L‐arginine pool remain unknown. Because endothelial cells can metabolize L‐arginine via two major enzymes, that is, NO synthase (NOS) and arginase, we hypothesized that up‐regulation of arginase during I/R reduces L‐arginine availability to NOS and thus impairs NO‐mediated vasodilation. To test this hypothesis, a local I/R was produced in the porcine heart by occlusion of a small branch of left anterior descending artery for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 90 min. Arterioles (60−110 µm) isolated from non‐ischemic and ischemic regions of subepicardium were cannulated and pressurized without flow for in vitro study. Vessels from both regions developed similar levels of basal tone. Although the dilation of I/R vessels to endothelium‐independent agonist sodium nitroprusside was not altered, the endothelium‐dependent NO‐mediated dilations to adenosine and serotonin were attenuated. I/R not only inhibited arteriolar production of NO but also increased arteriolar arginase activity. Arginase inhibitor α‐difluoromethylornithine enhanced NO production/dilation in normal vessels and also restored the NO‐mediated function in I/R vessels. Treating I/R vessels with L‐arginine also restored vasodilations. Immunohistochemical data revealed that I/R up‐ regulated arginase but down‐regulated NOS expression in the arteriolar endothelium. Pretreating the animals with protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide prevented I/R‐induced arginase up‐ regulation and also preserved NO‐mediated vascular function. These results suggest that one mechanism by which I/R inhibits NO‐mediated arteriolar dilation is through increased arginase activity, which limits the availability of L‐arginine to NOS for NO production. In addition, the inability of arginase blockade or L‐arginine supplementation to completely restore vasodilatory function may be attributable to the down‐regulation of endothelial NOS expression.