Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Translating the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Into Arabic

This descriptive correlational study describes the translation process and the psychometric testing of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI has been successfully translated into Arabic and back-translated into English by 10 Arabic bilingual translators. Then the PSQI is tested in a sample of 35 healthy Arabic bilinguals.The internal consistency reliability for the Global PSQI demonstrates borderline acceptability (Cronbach’s alpha = .65). The reliability is further supported by moderate to high correlations between five PSQI components and the global PSQI score (r = .53 to .82, p < .01). Convergent validity is supported by the global PSQI correlating strongly with the Insomnia Severity Index (r = .76) and moderately with the related construct of the Medical Outcome Study Short Form—36 vitality subscale (r = —.33). Further testing of the PSQI is needed in a larger Arabic population, both clinical and healthy populations, living in their native countries.
Adaptations to Achieve Physical Activity in Rural Communities

This multiple, descriptive, explanatory case study design described and explained the perceptions of rural women regarding rural built environments conducive to physical activity. Sources of data included women’s focus groups, city council focus groups, city administrator and clerk interviews, women’s verification individual interviews, individuals referred to the researcher as individuals with perceived power, and analysis of documents. The study involved two rural communities with populations of 1,000 or less, and data were collected between March 2006 and April 2007. Content analysis of each data source and a combined data source analysis for each community was completed using NVivo7. Rural women adapted to conditions of built environments, seasonal concerns, wild animals, traffic control issues, other people, and personal needs. Adaptation emerged as a central theme in the women’s focus groups as a way rural women engaged in physical activity.
Development of drugs against hormone‐refractory prostate cancer

The development of novel drugs for prostate cancer refractory to androgen deprivation therapy has been of great interest due to the lack of effective treatment modalities that can prolong the survival of such patients. The recent introduction of docetaxel‐based combination chemotherapy has been a breakthrough with a modest, but significant, survival benefit. However, the improved survival period measured in months is far from ideal considering the non‐negligible adverse events associated with docetaxel. Thus, numerous preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted to explore more favorable approaches to hormone‐refractory prostate cancer. The novel agents under investigation include new chemotherapeutic drugs, drugs targeting signal transduction pathways, apoptosis modulators, drugs targeting the tumor microenvironment, molecular chaperone inhibitors, and dietary ingredients. Unfortunately, none of these agents have shown superior single‐agent activity relative to docetaxel‐based therapy to date. Therefore, developing the most effective combination therapies of new agents and docetaxel‐based chemotherapy seems to be a reasonable approach until novel agents that can overcome the drug resistance of hormone‐refractory prostate cancer cells emerge. Drug Dev Res 69:431–450, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nutritional Effects on Sleep

The purpose of this study was to examine the nutritional effects on sleep using actigraphy measures. A repeated-measures, counterbalanced, crossover study design was used to administer treatment diets to 44 adult participants. Participants served as their own control and consumed high-protein, high-fat, high-carbohydrate, and control diets. The study participants wore Motionlogger Actigraph sleep watches while consuming weighed food intakes for 4 days over four different treatment periods. Demographic and laboratory data were also analyzed. Actigraph results showed that the wake episodes and sleep latencies were significantly different when comparing the macronutrient intakes of the participants. Post hoc test results showed that high-protein diets were associated with significantly fewer (p = .03) wake episodes and high-carbohydrate diets were associated with significantly shorter (p < .01) sleep latencies than control diets. Thus, consumption of specific macronutrient intakes may have a significant influence on sleep.
Human papillomavirus, lichen sclerosis and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma

Scurry J, Flowers L, Wistuba I, Vanin K, Mulvany N, Reyes H, Gazdar A. Human papillomavirus, lichen sclerosis and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1998; 8: 298–306. The objective of the study was to compare human papillomavirus (HPV) detection, adjacent lesions, age and prognosis in different histologic types of overtly invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). One hundred and thirty consecutive cases of overtly invasive vulvar SCC were assayed for HPV DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The carcinomas were classified into keratinizing and basaloid types, on the basis of cytoplasmic maturation and keratin production. Changes in the adjacent epidermis were recorded as lichen sclerosis, squamous cell hyperplasia, differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), undifferentiated VIN or normal. Prognosis was assessed as unfavorable or favorable according to whether at least one of recurrence, groin node or distant metastasis was present. Results showed HPV DNA was present in 29 (22%) of SCCs and absent in 101 (78%), with HPV 16 being the commonest type, found in 23 cases. One hundred and four SCCs (80%) were classified as keratinizing and 26 (20%) as basaloid. Twelve (12%) of the keratinizing and 17 (65%) of the basaloid SCCs contained HPV DNA. Women with HPV-positive carcinomas had a mean age of 63 years compared with 73 in those with HPV-negative tumors. HPV-positive tumors were associated with undifferentiated VIN in the adjacent skin and HPV-negative with lichen sclerosis, squamous cell hyperplasia and differentiated VIN. HPV status and histologic type did not confer different prognosis. In conclusion, histologic classification of vulvar SCCs was of value in determination of etiology and some clinical features and is therefore likely to be of use in managing patients, epidemiological research and tumor registry surveillance. While this study showed no difference in prognosis with HPV detection and histologic type, it will be impossible to conclude definitively that different types of vulvar carcinoma have a similar prognosis without performing a large population-based study.
A Comparison of Family Interventions to Address Adolescent Risky Behaviors

The purpose of this integrative review is to describe, compare, and synthesize traditional and computer-based family interventions that aim to change adolescents’ risky sexual behaviors and substance abuse. Family interventions have been shown to generate protective effects for preventing adolescents from risky behaviors. It is not clear, however, whether there are significant differences or similarities in the designs and effects of traditional and computer-based family interventions. An integrative literature review was conducted to describe and compare the designs and effects of traditional and computer-based family interventions. Both interventions have generated significant effects on reducing risky behavior among adolescents. Interventions guided by theory, tailored to participants’ culture/gender, and which included sufficient boosting dosages in their designs demonstrated significant short- or long-term effects in terms of reducing adolescents’ risky behaviors. Regardless of delivery method, well-designed family interventions are noted to maximize familial protective effects and reduce risky behaviors.
A Robust Method for Soft IP Handover

Multimedia streaming over wireless networks - often called mobile multimedia streaming lets users access music, movie, and news services at any time, regardless of location. Given that multimedia streaming is a key goal of third-generation and future wireless networks, vendors will soon deploy streaming clients in advanced mobile terminals. Current mobile terminals, however, fail to adequately support mobile multimedia communication because wireless networks have high packet-loss rates. To eliminate packet loss during handover, we use a packet path diversity scheme and an end-to-end bicasting mechanism that enables soft IP handover. To offset wireless errors, we use a forward error correction (FEC) scheme and embed it in the bicasting mechanism. Our bicasting method encodes the data stream and then splits it, providing more effective diversity than general bicasting, which sends the same data down both paths. ' To support our method, we propose the mobile multimedia streaming protocol (MMSP), a new transport-layer protocol that supports multihoming and bicasting in combination with FEC.
Resourcefulness Training for Grandmothers Raising Grandchildren

Over one million American grandmothers raise grandchildren, and many experience stress that adversely affects their mental health. Teaching resourcefulness skills can minimize this stress. However, before testing effectiveness of resourcefulness training (RT), its fidelity must be established. This pilot intervention trial examined the fidelity of two methods of RT: expressive writing (journaling) and verbal disclosure (voice recording) using a quasi-experimental design with random assignment of 80 grandmothers to RT—expressive writing, RT—verbal disclosure, or expressive writing or verbal disclosure alone. Quantitative data (Resourcefulness Scale) and qualitative data (journals, recordings) were collected. Grandmothers with RT showed greater resourcefulness over time than those without RT, with similar effects for RT—expressive writing and RT—verbal disclosure. Evidence for the use of RT skills was found in journals and recordings. The findings provide support for RT intervention fidelity and support moving forward to test RT effectiveness in reducing grandmothers’ stress and promoting their mental health.
A Narrative Exploration

Experienced nurses are repeatedly asked to mentor and to work with new graduate nurses in intensely busy hospital environments. To gain an understanding of experienced nurses’ perspectives of working with new graduates, eight nurses were interviewed from two hospitals in Eastern Canada. Narrative analysis revealed that experienced nurses prepared in advance for new graduates’ arrival and felt their workload increased when new graduates actually began to practice. Experienced nurses expressed verbal support for new graduates and yet their stories did not all reflect supportive comments. Themes identified were New Graduates Are Coming, Keeping Us on Our Toes, and Carrying the Load. Findings provide valuable information to help nurses, educators, and managers gain a new understanding of what it is like for experienced nurses working with new graduates. There are important implications for managers in how to support experienced nurses as they work alongside new nurses.
The bone-fat mass relationship: Laboratory studies

Over the past 20 years, a large number of clinical studies have shown a positive correlation between bone density and soft tissue mass. Furthermore, studies of fracture epidemiology have shown that low body weight is a risk factor for fractures. The greater mechanical load exerted on the skeleton by additional weight can only provide a partial explanation for the correlation between adipose tissue and the skeleton and a number of other physiological mechanisms operate in maintaining this correlation. Adipose tissue itself secretes factors known as “adipokines” that circulate and affect other target tissues. Levels of circulating adipokines vary with changes in food intake and weight, and there is evidence that numerous adipokines can regulate bone metabolism through direct and indirect mechanisms of action. Another source of hormones that regulate energy metabolism are β-pancreatic cells, which in obese states hypersecrete hormones with direct and indirect effects on bone. Hormones secreted from the gut are also likely to act as mediators of the bone-fat mass relationship, and in addition there is evidence for direct effects of ingested nutrients such as glucose and fatty acids on bone turnover. This review focuses mainly on results from laboratory studies investigating possible mechanisms involved in the positive relationship between bone mass and fat mass. IBMS BoneKEy. 2009 September;6(9):311-322. 2009 International Bone & Mineral Society Body weight influences both bone turnover and bone density, such that low body weight is a risk factor for osteoporotic fracture (1). The effects of body weight on skeletal health may be attributable to independent effects of fat mass and lean mass, but in postmenopausal women fat mass appears to be more important. Total body fat mass is positively related to bone density and inversely related to fracture risk, and changes in fat mass are positively related to changes in bone density (1). These clinical findings were the impetus for our group and others to investigate the possible mechanisms involved in the correlation of fat mass to bone mass. Many studies describe the bone effects of hormones, secreted by different tissues and cell types, which are responsive to changes in food intake and body mass, and are therefore likely to contribute to the relationship between adipose tissue and bone. This review will summarize some of the findings primarily from laboratory studies in the field. Adipokines Whereas in the past the adipocyte was not considered to play a significant regulatory role, it is now well-accepted that it is an important source of circulating factors, or “adipokines”, which act as regulators of metabolism. Several adipokines have been studied extensively and their effects in bone and other tissues are well-described, while a list of additional adipokines is steadily growing and their roles in bone biology remain to be elucidated.
RAMIFICATION OF THE HEPATIC ARTERY IN SWINE (Sus scrofa domestica)

Estudiamos las variaciones anatomicas de la ramificacion de la arteria hepatica en 30 cerdos (Sus scrofa domestica) adultos, machos y hembras. Obtuvimos muestras en bloque (estomago, higado y duodeno). La arteria hepatica fue inyectada con neoprene latex y, posteriormente, disecada. La ramificacion de la arteria hepatica presento tres patrones basicos: trifurcacion, bifurcacion, y ramificacion cuadruple, dando origen a ramas nutricias para los lobulos del higado y para las estructuras vecinas. En estos tres patrones, la arteria hepatica puede poseer o no ramas colaterales
Service-Oriented Computing: Key Concepts and Principles

Traditional approaches to software development - the ones embodied in CASE tools and modeling frameworks - are appropriate for building individual software components, but they are not designed to face the challenges of open environments. Service-oriented computing provides a way to create a new architecture that reflects components' trends toward autonomy and heterogeneity. We thus emphasize SOC concepts instead of how to deploy Web services in accord with current standards. To begin the series, we describe the key concepts and abstractions of SOC and the elements of a corresponding engineering methodology.
Smoking, Physical Activity, and Eating Habits Among Adolescents

The purpose of this study was to compare physical activity and eating habits of adolescent smokers with those of adolescent non-smokers in South Korea. This was a secondary analysis of data collected from the 2012 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. The sample included 72,229 adolescents aged 12 to 18. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between smoking status and physical activity and between smoking status and eating habits, while controlling for other factors. Boys and girls were analyzed separately for all analyses. The proportion of self-reporting smokers was 11%. Surprisingly, girl smokers exercised significantly more frequently than non-smokers. Adolescent smokers were significantly less likely to consume fruits, vegetables, and milk/dairy products, and they ate significantly more fast-food than non-smokers. Health care professionals who plan smoking cessation programs should pay attention to South Korean adolescents’ specific characteristics and cultural values in terms of health behavior.
The role of povidone and cadexomer iodine in the management of acute and chronic wounds

Abstract Background: The use of iodine is a controversial issue even though it has been used in wound management for over 150 years. There is a large amount of published literature available for both povidone and cadexomer iodine although the results are often conflicting due to the large array of different preparations used and different study types employed. Objectives: This literature review concentrates on the use of povidone and cadexomer iodine. The review highlights their antimicrobial efficiency, the issue of bacterial resistance, and effects on tissue and cells involved in wound healing. Toxicity and adverse reactions associated with these antimicrobial agents are also considered. Major findings: The literature supports the use of povidone and cadexomer iodine as effective antimicrobial agents that bacteria have not developed resistance to. Other findings noted that povidone and cadexomer iodine should be used with caution and at decreased concentrations in patients with extensive burns and systemic complications such as renal failure, thyroid dysfunction, and other severely immunocompromised patients. Conclusions: The literature supports the use of povidone and cadexomer iodine in wound care for its effects on tissue and cells, especially in newer formulations. Cadexomer iodine has proven to be very effective in chronic wounds while povidone iodine has been noted to be more effective in infected acute wounds. Gaps in the research have been identified as a lack of clear evidence comparing new formulations of povidone iodine to traditional preparations. It is clear that more research evidence is required for clinicians who routinely use these antimicrobial agents in wound management.
Laryngotracheoplasty to Avoid Tracheostomy in Neonatal and Infant Subglottic Stenosis

Objective. To outline the authors’ experiences with performing laryngotracheoplasty as an alternative to tracheostomy in neonates and infants with symptomatic subglottic stenosis (SGS). Study Design. Case series with chart review. Setting. A tertiary referral pediatric hospital. Subjects and Methods. Patients younger than 12 months undergoing single-stage laryngotracheoplasty for SGS at the authors’ institution over a 3-year period. Results. Ten patients (8 boys and 2 girls) underwent single-stage laryngotracheoplasty during the study period. There were 9 cases of acquired SGS and 1 case of congenital SGS. Eight patients had grade III SGS, and 2 patients had grade II SGS. In 9 of 10 patients, the procedure performed was an anterior cricoid split (ACS) and posterior cricoid split (PCS), with the placement of an anterior thyroid ala cartilage graft. One patient underwent ACS and PCS with the placement of a posterior rib cartilage graft, in combination with a right vocal cord lateralization. The mean period of intubation after surgery was 6.8 days (range, 5-9 days). Nine of 10 patients had a complete resolution of their airway symptoms following airway surgery, with a mean duration of follow-up of 305 days (range, 30-780 days). One patient required the placement of a tracheostomy tube 69 days postoperatively due to a failure to wean from ventilation in the setting of multiple comorbidities. Conclusion. Laryngotracheoplasty is a safe and effective alternative to long-term tracheostomy in infants and neonates with symptomatic SGS.
Controversies Trunk Strength Testing in Patient Evaluation and Treatment

A wide variety of trunk strength testing devices has been developed, the goal being to quantify back strength, patient effort, and spinal function or dysfunction. Although the idea of applying quantitative values to spine function is appealing, controversy exists regarding the reliability and validity of these testing systems. In this issue, two experienced investigators give their opinions as to the values and pitfalls of lumbar trunk strength testing, and provide insight into the most appropriate applications of these often costly systems.
Pathologic Occult Neck Disease in Patients With Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma to the Parotid

Objective. The aim of this study was to document the rate of pathologic neck disease in patients presenting with metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) to the parotid gland following parotidectomy and neck dissection in the clinically and radiologic negative neck. Study Design. Case series with chart review. Setting. Tertiary referral center. Subjects and Methods. The study involved a retrospective chart review from 1999 to 2008 of patients presenting with metastatic CSCC to the parotid at the Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Results. Eighty-one patients with metastatic parotid disease were identified. A total of 51 (63%) patients had no clinical or radiological evidence of cervical nodal disease. Forty-five patients (88%) were male, median age was 69 (range, 42-91) years, and the median follow-up was 16 (interquartile range, 9-44) months. Thirty-four of these patients underwent a parotidectomy and neck dissection with/without postoperative radiotherapy (RT). Occult pathological cervical nodal disease was found in 5 (14.7%) patients. Of those who received a neck dissection, 3 patients relapsed in the parotid, 1 in the neck alone, and 1 distantly. Conclusion. This series has shown that the rate of pathologically involved neck nodes in patients with metastatic CSCC to the parotid in the clinically node negative neck is low. Given many of these patients warrant postoperative RT to the parotid bed, an elective neck dissection may not be warranted as the parotid and neck may be treated in continuity with RT.
The Developmental Relation between Adenoid Tissue and Paranasal Sinus Volumes in 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography Assessment

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the developmental relationship between the volumes of paranasal sinuses and adenoid tissue by using a 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique. Study Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Tertiary referral center. Subjects and Methods. Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) images were obtained using 3D reconstructions and a volume-rendering technique (VRT) in 69 boys and 35 girls aged 3 to 16 years, and bilateral maxillary, frontal, and sphenoid sinus volumes, as well as adenoid tissue volume marked in axial-coronal-sagittal planes, were calculated. The patients were grouped in 3 categories according to adenoid tissue volumes, and comparisons were made. Results. There was no significant difference between the right maxillary volume and left maxillary volume (P = .93). No significant difference was noted between the groups in terms of age and gender. There was no significant correlation between frontal, sphenoid, right and left maxillary, or total maxillary sinus volumes in all 3 groups of patients. Conclusion. When classified according to adenoid tissue size, it was observed that increasing adenoid tissue volumes did not significantly affect the development of paranasal sinuses. Developmentally, there are no statistically significant correlations between the volumes of paranasal sinuses and adenoid tissues.