Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolving spatial and temporal lexicons across different cognitive architectures

Communication between mobile robots requires a transfer of symbols, where each symbol signifies a meaning. However, in typical applications, meaning has been ascribed to the symbols by the engineers that have programmed the robots. This thesis explores an alternative: the use of algorithms and representations that allow mobile robots to evolve a shared set of symbols where the meanings of the symbols are derived from the robots’ sensors and cognition. Mobile robots have two important properties that affect the learning of symbols, i) that they are capable of locomotion through space over time; and ii) that they come in many different configurations with different architectures. Previous work has demonstrated that mobile robots can learn shared lexicons to describe space through perceptual referents and referents grounded in cognitive maps. However, open questions remain as to how mobile robots can learn to communicate using temporal terms, and how learning lexicons is affected by different cognitive architectures. The major research question addressed in this thesis is how can mobile robots develop spatial and temporal lexicons across different cognitive architectures? Three facets of language learning are considered particularly important for robots with different cognitive architectures: i) the ability to ground terms in cognition; ii) the ability to ground identical terms in different sensors and cognition for each robot; and iii) the ability to handle referential uncertainty the difficulty of linking words to meanings within ambiguous contexts. Pairs of mobile robots are used to develop lexicons for spatial and temporal terms and to study each of these abilities. The terms developed by the robots are tested by organizing spatial and temporal tasks and extended to additional terms through grounding transfer. In this thesis, language learning is studied within a framework defined by Peirce’s semiotic triangle and building on previous Lingodroid studies. Conversations between robots are used to socially ground symbols within the robots’ spatial and temporal cognition. Distributed lexicon tables are used to store links between words and meanings. As the lexicons evolve the words are analyzed for immediate usability, and the final lexicons are analyzed for coherence. Four studies to analyze different aspects of lexicon learning were completed. Study I addressed the aims of learning duration terms using mobile robots and using grounded spatial and temporal language together to perform joint tasks. Identical mobile robots were used to ground terms for time in durations using clocks (time since the last meeting). The robots were able to develop coherent lexicons, and successfully organize future meetings using learned terms. Study II addressed the aim of learning event-based temporal terms using mobile robots. Identical mobile robots were used to ground terms for time in sunlight levels (time of day). The robots required the ability to ground terms in features formed from a brightness level and its derivative. Again the robots were
A Cross Sectional Study of Opioid Poisoning in Children at a Tertiary Center

Background:Poisoning in children is a world-wide problem and one of the most important reasons for children’s hospital admission. Incidence of toxicity based on cultural and economic characteristics vary in different communities. Methods: All children with proven opioid toxicity who admitted to children emergency ward of Imam Reza hospital of Mashhad through June 2014 to June 2015 were included the study. Age, sex, weight, parent’s educational level and job, causes and kinds of ingested opioid, addiction in family, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, changes in QT corrected (QTC), and mortality rate were recorded. Finally, all data were analyzed with SPSS. Results: In this study, 126 opioid-intoxicated children were recruited. No significant age difference was seen between genders (P value = 0.24). Parent's educational levels in most cases were low. Addiction to opium was also common among fathers (68.3%). Methadone was the most common agent causing opioid poisoning (52.4%), followed by opium (43.7%). The cause of poisoning was accidental in 58% of patients. The common signs and symptoms were drowsiness (77.8%), miotic pupil (69 %), decreased levels of O2 saturation (67.5%), Bradypnea (37.3%), apnea (27.8%) and convulsions (8.7%). Venous blood gases (VBG) in most cases (69.8%) was abnormal, leukocytosis (26.2%), hyperglycemia (11.1%), hyponatremia (9.5%), hypernatremia (5.6%), increases in distance of QT in Electrocardiography (2.4%) were seen. Conclusion:Opioid poisonings are severe and life-threatening in children. Methadone was the most common cause of poisoning in more than the half of cases (52.4%). Poisonings were due to low parental knowledge about methadone poisoning and careless storage of methadone at their home.
Thin Film Magnetoresistive Sensors

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Association of Obesity With Mortality Over 24 Years of Weight History

Key Points Question Is there an association between obesity and mortality incorporating weight history? Findings In this cohort study that included 6197 participants from the original and offspring cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study, a monotonic association was observed between maximum body mass index measured over 24 years of weight history and subsequent mortality, with increasing risks observed across the obese I and obese II categories compared with the normal-weight group. Meaning Eliciting weight history in clinical practice may be valuable for identifying patients at increased risk of mortality.
Ordered Sequence Detection and Barrier Signal Design for Digital Pulse Interval Modulation in Optical Wireless Communications

This paper proposes an ordered sequence detection (OSD) for digital pulse interval modulation (DPIM) in optical wireless communications. Leveraging the sparsity of DPIM sequences, OSD shows a comparable performance to the optimal maximum likelihood sequence detection with much lower complexity. Compared with the widely adopted sample-by-sample optimal threshold detection (OTD), it considerably improves the bit-error-rate (BER) performance by mitigating error propagation. Moreover, this paper proposes a barrier signal-aided digital pulse interval modulation (BDPIM), where the last of every $K$ symbols is allocated with more power as an inserted barrier signal. BDPIM with OSD (BDPIM-OSD) can limit the error propagation between two adjacent barriers. To reduce the storing delay when using OSD to detect extremely large packets, we propose BDPIM with a combination of OTD and OSD (BDPIM-OTD-OSD), within which long sequences are cut into pieces and separately detected. Approximate upper bounds of the average BER performance of DPIM-OTD, DPIM-OSD, BDPIM-OSD, and BDPIM-OTD-OSD are analysed. Simulations are conducted to corroborate our analysis. Optimal parameter settings are also investigated in uncoded and coded systems by simulations. Simulation results show that the proposed OSD and BDPIM bring significant improvement in uncoded and coded systems over various channels.
Identifying chronic widespread pain in primary care : a medical record database study

Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is common and associated with poor health. In general practice no morbidity code for CWP exists. By identifying patients in medical records consulting regularly over five years with multiple individual regional (axial, upper limb, lower limb) problems, a previous study identified patients in one practice with features consistent with CWP. This suggests patients regularly consult for regional pains without being recognised, or managed, as having a generalised condition. The original criteria for identifying these recurrent regional consulters (RRCs) had limitations including a restricted set of musculoskeletal morbidity codes. This thesis aimed to develop the existing RRC definition, determine characteristics of RRCs, and assess the extent of unrecognised CWP in primary care. The study was set in: i) a general practice database; ii) a cohort with linked self-reported health and medical records. RRCs were identified using different code lists, over altered timeframes, and with a varied number of recorded body regions. Three-quarters of RRCs were not recorded with a generalised pain code related to CWP (e.g. fibromyalgia) and are therefore potentially unrecognised as having a generalised pain condition. Recorded prevalence of recognised CWP was lower than community CWP prevalence, suggesting CWP is under-recognised in primary care. The new approach to identifying RRCs, using all regional musculoskeletal Read codes and identifying patients prospectively between three and five years from an index musculoskeletal consultation, identified more patients earlier, and returned patients with features consistent with self-reporting of CWP (e.g. increased somatic symptoms, frequent consultation, worse general health). However, RRC prevalence overestimated CWP prevalence and not all RRCs self-reported CWP, suggesting the RRC criteria identified a heterogeneous group of frequent consulters sharing features with CWP, including those less severely affected who do not necessarily fit established CWP criteria. They nonetheless lie on the spectrum of polysymptomatic distress characteristic of CWP.
Human-Graph Interaction: User, Task, and Display Related Factors' Effect on Performance and Search.

STOKES, THOMAS ALLEN. Human-Graph Interaction: User, Task, and Display Related Factors’ Effect on Performance and Search. (Under the direction of Douglas J. Gillan). Information visualization techniques have become a popular way to explore large scientific datasets. However the rate of research on graph reading has not kept up with the rate of development of new visualization techniques. This has left us with holes in our ability to assess the usefulness and usability of graphs and information visualizations. The experiment presented in this paper attempts to move towards a more complete model of graph reading, which may later be used to develop usability assessment tools and design guidelines for all forms of information visualization.
[Garbage in - garbage out? Validity of coded diagnoses from GP claims records].

CONTEXT ICD-10-coded diagnoses from claims records are frequently used as morbidity indicators for research as well as for risk adjustment purposes in quality management and remuneration. A requirement for this application is the high validity of the diagnoses. In GP practices in particular, it is questionable whether claims-based diagnoses realistically reflect the health problems of patients treated over a one year period. METHODS In a retrospective cross-sectional study of a random sample of 250 patients from 10 GP practices we examined whether, on the basis of the patients' medical records, health problems treated in the year 2003 matched claims-based diagnoses within the same time period. RESULTS In spite of a high mean of 6.1 claims-based diagnoses per patient, health problems treated within the study period were under-reported in 30% of the cases, mainly relating to non-severe diagnoses frequently encountered in GP practice, chronic conditions not requiring medication, and diagnoses justifying a screening test. An over-reporting for diseases not treated within the study period was observed in 19% of the cases, most often in the case of permanent chronic conditions. In 11% of cases the ICD-10 codes of claims-based diagnoses and the diagnoses in the medical records did not match ("erroneous codes"). For six of the diagnoses most common in GP practice (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipoproteinemia, cardiovascular disease, back pain, and acute respiratory tract infections) correctness at 71-93% was higher than completeness (56-86%). CONCLUSION The low validity of ICD-10-coded diagnoses from GP claims records calls their usefulness as morbidity indicators into question.
Simulation of Space Charge Impact on Partial Discharge Inception Voltage in Power Busbars Dedicated to Future Hybrid Aircrafts

Reducing greenhouse gases, saving energy resources and mass optimization require technological changes towards increasingly electric vehicles. At the same time, performance improvement of semiconductor and dielectric materials further promotes electronic components confinement, resulting in a significant increase of embedded power densities. In the particular case of future hybrid propulsion aircrafts, electrical power that intended to supply reactors would be converted through power electronics components mounted on power busbars and insulated by solid dielectrics materials. These dielectrics materials have to respond to various electrical constraints of use (HVDC), in spite of environment change of aircraft parameters such as low pressure, temperature and thermal cycles, humidity. Unfortunately, partial discharges phenomenon is the most problem within electrical insulation system (EIS). Based on a topological model of power busbars designed for power converters dedicated to hybrid aircraft, partial discharge studies were conducted by simulation in various charging conditions of a PTFE insulator. Simulation results, which focus on electric field thresholds criteria of partial discharge inception voltage in air, reveal a net sensitivity of a space charge accumulation and distribution on dielectrics behaviour even for low space charge density, depending on their location in dielectrics. Compared to the behaviour observed with implanted homocharges, when by increasing homocharges density from 0.5 C/m3 to 2 C/m3 we observe a decrease of electric field by 450%, simulation results show a highest risk of partial discharge inception when heterocharges are accumulated inside dielectrics. Their accumulation increases the electric field in triple points beyond electric field thresholds of partial discharge inception in air. The simulated electric field reaching 22 kV/mm with only 2 C/m3 of heterocharges density accumulated in dielectric/busbars interfaces.
Adolescent HIV Care and Treatment in Uganda: Care Models, Best Practices and Innovations to Improve Services

Background: The number of adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in Uganda is growing. Improving access to HIV services among this population requires a lot of innovation. This study describes service delivery models and innovations to improve access to HIV care and treatment services by adolescents in Uganda. Methods: It was a mixed methods study in which the qualitative aspects included in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions and Key Informant Interviews with adolescents and various stakeholders. Quantitative data was obtained by a cross-sectional design using a questionnaire for 30 health facilities from 10 representative districts of Uganda. Results: The integrated HIV clinic model was used by 63% (19/30) of the facilities. The most preferred “Stand alone Adolescent HIV clinics” were present in only 17% (5/30). Separate adult and children’s HIV clinic models were 20% (6/30). Only 1/30 (3%) had a transition clinic. Health workers were ignorant about transition clinics but ALHIV expressed a great need for them. Only 30% (9/30) of the health facilities had Youth corners. “Peer support groups” were the commonest innovation present in 36% (9/25) of government facilities and 80% (4/5) of the private facilities. Other innovations included HIV testing at night, in schools, making community outreaches, avoiding clinic appointments during school time, use of social media, reducing waiting time, providing privacy, food, skills and transport among others. Conclusion: Stand-alone adolescent clinics are the preferred model of care for ALHIV. Youth corners in health facilities and peer support clubs were valued innovations but funding was a significant hindrance.
Estudio sismológico del campo geotérmico de Los Humeros, Puebla, México. Parte I: Sismicidad, mecanismos de fuente y distribución de esfuerzos

Se analiza la distribucion en superficie y en profundidad de los sism os ocurridos en el campo geotermico de Los Humeros, Puebla (Mexico), durante el pe riodo 1997-2004. Los datos corresponden a 95 sism o s registrados por m a s de cinco estaciones perm anentes y temporales instaladas por la Com i sion Federal de Electricidad y el Instituto de Ingeni eria de la Universidad Nacional Au tono m a de Mexico, cuyas m a gnitudes de duracion son m e nores o iguales a 3.6 Md y pr ofundidades focales que no sobrepasan los 4.0 km . Asim ism o , se realizaron m ecanism o s focales simples y de in version de tensor de m o m e nto, y se com p aro el nu m e ro de sism os registrados por dos estacion es de la red perm anente (n u m eros S05, S06) con la inyeccion de agua y la produccion de vapor durante cierto tie m po. Los resultados en superficie y en profundidad muestran activid ad s i smica en la zo na norte del cam po, alrededor de los pozos inyectores I29 (pozo H-29) e I38 (pozo H-38), m i entras que los mecanism o s focales s i m p les y de tens or de m o mento evidencian esfuerzos de origen heterogeneo, sugiriendo qu e parte de la actividad sism ica ocurrida en Los Hu m e ros puede haber sido “inducida” principalm ente por el proceso de iny eccion de agua al subsue lo del campo geoterm i co
Basic Science Aspects of the Use of Allografts in Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery

The purpose of this article is to address the biologic considerations of the use of allograft tissue in revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. We will describe the process of allograft tissue procurement, processing, sterilization and storage, and describe the process of biologic integration of allograft tissues.
Efficient eye detection using HOG-PCA descriptor

Eye detection is becoming increasingly important for mobile interfaces and human computer interaction. In this paper, we present an efficient eye detector based on HOG-PCA features obtained by performing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG). The Histogram of Oriented Gradients is a dense descriptor computed on overlapping blocks along a grid of cells over regions of interest. The HOG-PCA offers an efficient feature for eye detection by applying PCA on the HOG vectors extracted from image patches corresponding to a sliding window. The HOG-PCA descriptor significantly reduces feature dimensionality compared to the dimensionality of the original HOG feature or the eye image region. Additionally, we introduce the HOG-RP descriptor by utilizing Random Projections as an alternative to PCA for reducing the dimensionality of HOG features. We develop robust eye detectors by utilizing HOG-PCA and HOG-RP features of image patches to train a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Testing is performed on eye images extracted from the FERET and BioID databases.
WHY DOES THE UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION IN ECUADOR FALL SHORT TO TRAIN SKILLS FOR RURAL HEALTH? A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Background and Objectives Since 1970, Ecuador establishes mandatory rural health service as a requirement for licensing work. Medical education is based in the hospital with little contact with rural areas. There is little information on the training and skills needs of recent graduated doctors. The research focuses on the perceptions of rural doctors on obstetric skills needed in rural areas. The aim of our study was to describe how the basic doctor in rural areas addresses training and teaching in obstetric skills needed in rural areas during undergraduate medical education.
Development and Deployment of a Health Information Exchange to Understand the Transmission of MRSA across Hospitals via Molecular Genotyping and Social Networking Analysis.

ii Dedication . v Acknowledgements . vi Vita . x List of Tables . xxii List of Figures . xxiv Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Statement of Problem . 1 1.2 Specific Research Aims . 3 Chapter 2: Background . 5 2.1 Staphylococcus aureas . 5 2.2 Emerging resistance . 11 2.3 Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus . 12 2.3. 1 Emergence . 12 2.3. 2 Mechanism of resistance and Structure . 13
Anti-interleukin-12 and anti-interleukin-23 agents in Crohn’s disease

ABSTRACT Introduction: Blockers of IL-12/23, as well as specific blockers of IL-23, have been investigated as options for medical therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. These biological agents include ustekinumab – the first agent of this pharmacological class which has shown clinical efficacy in psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease (CD) – and other monoclonal antibodies under investigation, including brazikumab, risankizumab, mirikizumab, and guselkumab. Areas covered: This review will focus on the rationale of the blockade of IL-12/23 axis in CD, efficacy and safety data of ustekinumab derived from randomized controlled trials and real-life observational studies, and the preliminary data of the highly promising selective IL-23 inhibitors. Expert opinion: Data from literature have demonstrated that ustekinumab holds the potential to deserve a relevant role in the management of patients with CD thanks to several properties, including the fast onset of action, the long duration of efficacy, the favorable safety profile, the systemic anti-inflammatory effect, and the peculiar way of administration. Nonetheless, additional research is warranted to determine the real value of ustekinumab, as current data are not able to answer all the questions about its effectiveness in real-life practice, and the external validity of the available results is not absolute.
A mixed method investigation into the perception and measurement of success in the Healthwise Exercise Referral Scheme

Mills, H. , Crone, D. , Johnston, L & James, D. (2007) ‘Even if you can’t skip, you have a skip in your step when you walk out of the gym’: A study into patients’ perceptions of an exercise referral scheme. Journal of Sport Sciences, 25 (S2), 108-109.
Changes in Physical Parameter and Sensory Qualities of Papaya Fruit Bar Cv. Red Lady During Storage Period

An investigation was carried out to study the effect of different level of sugar on quality of papaya fruit bar. During this study, it was observed that L*and b* value for colour increased and a* value decreased. Texture of bar decreased with increase in storage period. Among the different recipes, the papaya bar prepared with 30 per cent sugar at room temperature recorded highest sensory score and was selected as best treatment organolepticaly.