Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attention to Risk and Return: Choice Experiment of the Stated and Inferred Use of Investment Attributes

This paper applies a choice experiment method to analyze investorsi¯ attention to investment attributes. Prior research mainly in environmental, agricultural, and transport economics has observed that people actually use different attributes than which they say in choice experiment tasks. This research examines do people pay attention to all the given investment attributes, and if they do not, whether the self-reported attribute attendance corresponds to the behavior inferred from the choices. The experiment is conducted among a pool of 845 financially literate subjects, which enables a study of the factors affecting the investment decisions of informed individuals. The choice experiment puts the subjects in a decision making situation in which they are presented with hypothetical investment opportonities in the agricultural and food production sector. The investments are described with four attributes: voting right, return right, capital appreciation, and expect return. We use the equality-constrained latent class (ECLC) method to infer the choice patterns.The comparison of the stated attribute attendance patterns to the inferred attribute non-attendance patterns shows that the investors are prone to overstate the importance of expected return in their choices. The result indicates that individuals may not be fully aware of the factors affecting their investment decisions. Finding such behavioral bias among financial professionals implies that financially less knowledgeable people may be even more prone to uninformed investment decisions, be for example lured by the marketing of financial products with high returns.
Behavioral Regulations: What is Physical Education Role in Students' Physically Active Lifestyle?

Physical education can play a vital role in students’ psychomotor, cognitive and emotional development, which can influence young people to adopt physically active adult lifestyles that can in turn improve public health. Lifelong participation in fitness activities might not be achieved unless physical education teachers create an appropriate environment that motivates students to engage in physical education. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of behavioral regulation to student intention for physical activity outside of university. The authors argue autonomy-supportive versus controlling situations could positively predict the intention of students to be physically active outside of university. The subjects were 320 Iranian male students who participated in 16 regular physical education classes. All subjects completed perceived locus of causality scale and intention to be physically active questionnaires. The results of regression analysis showed that more self-determined forms of behavioral regulation foster more autonomous forms of intention. These results were not found for amotivation. The results further indicated that students’ intentions for physical activity outside of university increase with more self-determined forms of behavioral regulation. With respect to intention for physical activity after university, these results highlight the importance of taking into account the fostering of more self-determined forms of behavioral regulation. © 2012 IOJES. All rights reserved
The effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies in a small open economy – the case of Macedonia

ABSTRACT In this article, we use a recursive VAR model to study the macroeconomic effects of fiscal and monetary policies in Macedonia as well as their interactions during 2000–2014. The main findings from our empirical investigation are as follows: first, an increase in public expenditure results in lower economic activity, higher public debt and a loss of foreign exchange reserves; second, an increase in the public revenue has positive output effects accompanied by rising prices, higher foreign exchange reserves and a modest reduction in the public debt; third, a rise in the central bank’s interest rate produces conventional adverse effects on economic activity followed by a decline in the price level; fourth, monetary and fiscal policies act as strategic substitutes; and fifth, our estimates of the fiscal multipliers imply non-Keynesian effects of fiscal policy.
A role for H-NS in the thermo-osmotic regulation of virulence gene expression in Shigella flexneri

The role of the hns gene (coding for the curved-DNA-binding protein H-NS) in the thermo-osmotic regulation of Shigella flexneri virulence gene transcription was investigated. Two structural genes, mxiC and icsB, which are transcribed divergently on the high-molecular-weight virulence plasmid, were found to be transcriptionally inhibited in cultures grown in a low-osmolarity medium, even at the inducing temperature. This repression was relieved by inactivation of the hns gene, establishing a role for hns in the osmotic as well as the thermal regulation of invasion gene expression. The physiological relevance of this finding is discussed.
MUC1, MUC5AC, and MUC6 polymorphisms, Helicobacter pylori infection, and gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The risk of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, as well as gastric cancer (GC), in association with genetic polymorphisms of gene encoding for mucins, has been investigated with contradictory results. We carried out this systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the relationship between MUC1, MUC5AC, and MUC6 polymorphisms and HP infection, as well as GC risk. We searched MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Scopus bibliographic databases and the HuGE Navigator database. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the association between the genetic polymorphisms, and HP/GC risk. A random-effect model was used to calculate the pooled ORs, overall and by ethnicity. Twenty-one studies were included, of which five on HP and 18 on GC, of which two were in common. The meta-analysis of 10 studies on the MUC1 rs4072037 polymorphism and GC risk reported an OR of 0.66 (95% CI: 0.57–0.78) for the dominant model (AG/GG vs. AA). When stratifying for ethnicity, an OR of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.62–0.86) was reported for the Asian population and an OR of 0.48 (95% CI: 0.38–0.61) was reported for the White population. Our study confirms the protective effect of MUC1 rs4072037 polymorphism on the risk of GC under the dominant model. Further studies reporting information on HP status in cases and controls would be required to evaluate whether the protective effect of MUC1 protein might be attributable to a protective effect towards the HP infection, or through different mechanisms.
Occupational exposure assessment in case–control studies: opportunities for improvement

Community based case–control studies are an efficient means to study disease aetiologies, and may be the only practical means to investigate rare diseases. However, exposure assessment remains problematic. We review the literature on the validity and reliability of common case–control exposure assessment methods: occupational histories, job–exposure matrices (JEMs), self reported exposures, and expert assessments. Given the variable quality of current exposure assessment techniques, we suggest methods to improve assessments, including the incorporation of hygiene measurements: using data from administrative exposure databases; using results of studies identifying determinants of exposure to develop questionnaires; and where reasonable given latency and biological half life considerations, directly measuring exposures of study subjects.
Adjuvanticity and toxicity of cobalt oxide nanoparticles as an alternative vaccine adjuvant.

AIM There are very few adjuvants licensed for use in human vaccination, and alum-based adjuvants are the most widely used. Alum adjuvants predominantly boost Th2 immune responses and there is a need for new adjuvants that also stimulate Th1 immunity. We recently reported that cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co(3)O(4)NPs) stimulate Th1-type immune responses in vivo. Here, we exploited this property to examine whether Co(3)O(4)NP could act as an adjuvant using the model antigen ovalbumin. MATERIALS & METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were immunized subcutaneously twice with ovalbumin plus adjuvant (Co(3)O(4)NPs or Imject® Alum) followed by intraperitoneal stimulation with soluble ovalbumin. RESULTS Co(3)O(4)NPs induced a more balanced Th1- and Th2-type response, triggering higher specific Th1-dependent IgG2c production in addition to Th2-dependent IgG1 and less 'allergic' IgE production, and induced less inflammation at both the subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection sites. DISCUSSION Co(3)O(4)NPs could be a very useful adjuvant where both Th1 and Th2 responses are needed to clear pathogens.
Investigation of Higher Recording Density Using an Improved Co–CoO Metal Evaporated Tape With a GMR Reproducing Head

To demonstrate the highest areal recording density of tape media, we have developed a metal evaporated tape with higher magnetic anisotropy of 2.5times10<sup>5</sup> J/m<sup>3</sup> and finer magnetic activation volume of 2.7times10<sup>-24</sup> m<sup>3</sup> of a Co-CoO recording layer deposited on a smoother base film. A capability of an areal recording density of 23.0 Gb/in<sup>2</sup> was confirmed using a giant magnetoresistive head as a read head. The smoother surface roughness improved signal-to-noise ratio more than 2 dB
Export-led economic growth and the case of Brazil: An empirical research

Abstract The world has been globalized much more than ever before and this process integrates the economies of countries. Moreover, one means of integrating the economies of countries is trade. In this instance, the export-led economic growth emerges as a considerable determinant. Export-led economic growth is beneficial for the countries since it facilitates the inflow of foreign exchange, increases production, creates new employment opportunities and enhances the overall commercial volume. In this study, the correlation between export-led economic growth is explored for Brazil. Therefore, according to the findings of this paper as well as econometric and statistical applications, there is a bi-directional causality in Brazil since 1960s between economic development and exports in the long-run (this could also be termed as feedback); furthermore, in the short-run, there is export-led economic growth. The novelty of this paper is that, it is one of the latest studies investigating export-led economic growth for Brazil.
REDESCRIPTIONS OF HAEMONCHUS MITCHELLI AND HAEMONCHUS OKAPIAE (NEMATODA: TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA) AND DESCRIPTION OF A UNIQUE SYNLOPHE FOR THE HAEMONCHINAE

In the course of a revision of Haemonchus Cobb, 1898 (Nematoda), commonly referred to as large stomach worms, significant new morphological information was discovered that allows the recognition of 2 species believed for more than 50 yr to be synonymous. Both species, Haemonchus mitchelli Le Roux, 1929, from the eland Taurotragus oryx and other African ruminants and H. okapiae van den Berghe, 1937, from the okapi Okapia johnstoni, have a synlophe of 42 ridges, but the synlophe of H. mitchelli is longer than that of H. okapiae. The distal tip of the left spicule of H. mitchelli bears a barb that is about twice as long as the short barb and half as long as the long barb on the right spicule. In contrast, the barb on the left spicule of H. okapiae is similar in size to the short barb and about 25% as long as the long barb of the right spicule. The dorsal ray of H. mitchelli is bifurcated distally for 25–39% (32%) of its length and its stem is expanded proximally, but the dorsal ray of H. okapiae is bifurcated 37–50% (42%) and its stem is of uniform thickness.
Acute homing of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells in intramyocardial vs. intracoronary transplantation

Objectives. Cell homing optimisation after transplantation is critical in myocardial infarction (MI) cell therapy. Design. Eight pigs were randomized to receiving autologous purified 111indium-labeled bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) (108 cells/2 ml) by intramyocardial (IM) (n=4) or by intracoronary (IC) (n=4) transplantation after 90 minutes occlusion of the CX-coronary artery. Dual isotope SPECT imaging was performed 2 and 24 hours postoperatively. Two animals were additionally analyzed on the sixth postoperative day. Tissue samples from the major organs were analyzed. Results. In SPECT imaging revealed that BMMCs administered using IM injection remained in the injured area. In contrast, minor proportion of IC transplanted cells remained in the myocardium, as most of the cells showed homing in the lungs. Analysis of the biopsies showed a seven-fold greater number of cells in the myocardium for the IM method and a 10-fold greater number of cells in the lungs in the IC group (p < 0.001). Conclusions. In producing persistently high cell homing at the infarction site, the IM transplantation is superior to the IC transplantation. However, the IC administration might be more specific in targeting injured capillaries and epithelial cells within the infarcted myocardium.
Self-Assessment of Dental Anxiety in Patients Visiting Comprehensive Rural Health Service Project

Aims: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence, severity and associations of dental anxiety in a sample of the adult population visiting comprehensive Rural Health Service Department, Ballabgarh (Haryana). Methods and material: A sample of 379 adults (age ranging between 15 to 60 years; mean age male = 35.89 ± 14.10 and female 35.01 ± 12.38). The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) is a brief, self-complete questionnaire consisting of five questions (Q1 to Q5) and summed together to produce a total score ranging from 1 to 5. Statistical analysis used: SSP version 16 software, the percentage, means and standard deviation. Results: The results revealed that females were more apprehensive, compare to men. Based on distribution of anxiety according to age group, males between the age group 15 to 23 and 24 to 33 belonged fairly anxious group and only slight anxiety was observed in higher age group (44 to 53 yr). On the other hand, females were found to be very anxious at higher age group of 24-33 and 34-43. Conclusions: It is recommended that dental education and health care services should be promoted to overcome the fear/anxiety factor.
A transcriptional corepressor of Stat1 with an essential LXXLL signature motif

Interferon (IFN) treatment induces tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Stat1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) to activate or repress transcription. We report here that a member of the protein inhibitor of activated STAT family, PIASy, is a transcriptional corepressor of Stat1. IFN treatment triggers the in vivo interaction of Stat1 with PIASy, which represses Stat1-mediated gene activation without blocking the DNA binding activity of Stat1. An LXXLL coregulator signature motif located near the NH2 terminus of PIASy, although not involved in the PIASy–Stat1 interaction, is required for the transrepression activity of PIASy. Our studies identify PIASy as a transcriptional corepressor of Stat1 and suggest that different PIAS proteins may repress STAT-mediated gene activation through distinct mechanisms.
Activin and Bmp4 Signaling Converge on Wnt Activation during Odontogenesis

Previous studies show that both activin and Bmp4 act as crucial mesenchymal odontogenic signals during early tooth development. Remarkably, mice lacking activin-βA (Inhba−/−) and mice with neural crest–specific inactivation of Bmp4 (Bmp4ncko/ncko) both exhibit bud-stage developmental arrest of the mandibular molar tooth germs while their maxillary molar tooth germs completed morphogenesis. In this study, we found that, whereas expression of Inhba and Bmp4 in the developing tooth mesenchyme is independent of each other, Bmp4ncko/nckoInhba−/− compound mutant mice exhibit early developmental arrest of all tooth germs. Moreover, genetic inactivation of Osr2, a negative regulator of the odontogenic function of the Bmp4-Msx1 signaling pathway, rescues mandibular molar morphogenesis in Inhba−/− embryos. We recently reported that Osr2 and the Bmp4-Msx1 pathway control the bud-to-cap transition of tooth morphogenesis through antagonistic regulation of expression of secreted Wnt antagonists, including Dkk2 and Sfrp2, in the developing tooth mesenchyme. We show here that expression of Dkk2 messenger RNAs was significantly upregulated and expanded into the tooth bud mesenchyme in Inhba−/− embryos in comparison with wild-type littermates. Furthermore, in utero treatment with either lithium chloride, an agonist of canonical Wnt signaling, or the DKK inhibitor IIIC3a rescued mandibular molar tooth morphogenesis in Inhba−/− embryos. Together with our finding that the developing mandibular molar tooth bud mesenchyme expresses significantly higher levels of Dkk2 than the developing maxillary molar tooth mesenchyme, these data indicate that Bmp4 and activin signaling pathways converge on activation of the Wnt signaling pathway to promote tooth morphogenesis through the bud-to-cap transition and that the differential effects of loss of activin or Bmp4 signaling on maxillary and mandibular molar tooth morphogenesis are mainly due to the differential expression of Wnt antagonists, particularly Dkk2, in the maxillary and mandibular tooth mesenchyme.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF INJURY AND INJURY ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN ETHIOPIAN PREMIER LEAGUE FOOTBALL PLAYERS.

Biruk Amare Sorate 1 and Paramvir Singh 2 . 1. PhD Research Scholar at Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, PUP. and Assistant Professor at Department of Sport Sciences, Jimma University, Ethiopia. 2. Professor Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, PUP. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 22 February 2019 Final Accepted: 24 March 2019 Published: April 2019
Clinical developments in reduced intensity haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Reduced intensity conditioning regimens prior to allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were first described in the 1970s, and have developed rapidly over the past few years to become an important consideration as immunological therapy for patients with haematological and selected solid organ malignancies. This is especially the case for patients considered ineligible for conventional allogeneic HSCT due to age or medical contraindications. With the development of minimally toxic conditioning regimens, additional potential applications include the provision of normal haematopoietic repopulating cells to patients who have an inherited gene defect such as an haemoglobinopathy or an inborn error of metabolism. Intensive investigation in stem cell research promises to provide dramatic new insights into human biology, paving the way for new therapeutic approaches to malignant and inherited disorders.
Differences between the production of [s] and [ʃ] in the speech of adults, typically developing children, and children with speech sound disorders: An ultrasound study

ABSTRACT This study describes the criteria that are used in ultrasound to measure the differences between the tongue contours that produce [s] and [ʃ] sounds in the speech of adults, typically developing children (TDC), and children with speech sound disorder (SSD) with the phonological process of palatal fronting. Overlapping images of the tongue contours that resulted from 35 subjects producing the [s] and [ʃ] sounds were analysed to select 11 spokes on the radial grid that were spread over the tongue contour. The difference was calculated between the mean contour of the [s] and [ʃ] sounds for each spoke. A cluster analysis produced groups with some consistency in the pattern of articulation across subjects and differentiated adults and TDC to some extent and children with SSD with a high level of success. Children with SSD were less likely to show differentiation of the tongue contours between the articulation of [s] and [ʃ].
A decade of change in susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative blood culture isolates: a single center study.

BACKGROUND Gram-negative bacteremia is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in Indian hospitals. We hereby describe changing trends in Gram-negative isolates from blood cultures from a single center over a ten-year period. METHODS Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were collected for a total of 4128 non-repetitive blood culture isolates from 2003 to 2013. We analyzed clinically important Gram-negative isolates (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii) and their susceptibility pattern. A. baumannii was studied between 2009 and 2013 only. RESULTS There was a steady increase in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli (56% to 80%) and an even steeper increase in K. pneumoniae (50% to 81%). Susceptibility to carbapenems fell marginally for E. coli (p = .242) but significantly for K. pneumoniae (p = .000) and P. aeruginosa (.0005). All these changes were seen irrespective of the source of the isolate (outpatient, inpatient and critical care unit - CCU), with a statistically significant fall among CCU isolates of K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa was more susceptible to carbapenems than beta-lactam /beta-lactamase inhibitors until 2009, but thereafter the pattern reversed. A. baumannii was isolated from the CCU only: 75% were resistant to carbapenems and susceptible only to polymyxin E and tigecycline. CONCLUSION There was a progressive increase in antimicrobial resistance in isolates of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii isolated from blood cultures. ESBL production was seen in the majority of isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae and E. coli is increasing rapidly. Resistance to even tigecycline and polymyxin E, antibiotics of last resort, has begun to emerge. There is an urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship and other measures to limit worsening of Gram-negative resistance in India.
Surveillance of antimicrobial use in animals in the EU

FROM the plethora of documents on antimicrobial resistance produced during the last years of the 20th century, I would like to consider those from two meetings and assess the relevance of their recommendations in the veterinary domain in the European Union (EU) today. One of the meetings was sponsored by the World Health Organization (Anon 1997), the other by the European Union (Rosdahl and Pedersen 1998). Their recommendations are summarised in Table 1. View this table: TABLE 1: Summary of the recommendations of a World Health Organization meeting (Anon 1997) and an EU conference (Rosdahl and Pedersen 1998) on antimicrobial resistance One of the first goals to be achieved was the banning of the use of antimicrobials for growth promotion, which was attained in 2006, although the situation is different outside of the EU. The monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals started in around 1998 under the umbrella of a European Concerted Action called ‘Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria of Animal Origin’ (Gnanou and Sanders 2000) and it is now a well-established …