Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
D1‐ and D2‐like dopamine receptors regulate signaling properties of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat globus pallidus

Dopamine is essential to the proper functioning of basal ganglia (BG) because loss of dopaminergic input profoundly alters the activity of these nuclei. Experimental evidence suggests that multiple aspects of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the BG are altered with the loss of dopaminergic input. Using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording in rat brain slices, we examined whether activity of dopamine receptors is necessary to maintain signaling properties of group I metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes, mGluR1 and 5, in the rat globus pallidus (GP), one of the nuclei in the BG circuit. Dopaminergic depletion due to systemic treatment with reserpine caused a change in the signaling properties of group I mGluRs, where mGluR1 lost the ability to depolarize GP neurons, while mGluR5 gained such ability. Bath‐application of dopamine or D1‐ and D2‐like dopamine receptor agonists to slices from reserpinized rats partly reversed these effects and caused mGluR1 to gain back its ability to depolarize GP neurons. On the other hand, stimulation of either D1‐like or D2‐like dopamine receptors was sufficient to abolish the activating properties of mGluR5 acquired following reserpine treatment. Interestingly, inhibition of protein kinase A activity alone was sufficient to largely reverse plasticity in function of group I mGluRs that was induced by reserpine treatment. Our data reveal that specific roles of group I mGluRs in the GP depend on the activity of D1‐like and D2‐like dopamine receptors, further corroborating the importance of dopamine in maintaining proper glutamatergic neurotransmission in the BG.
Incidence of First Implant Failure: A Retroprospective Study of 27 Years of Implant Operations at One Specialist Clinic.

BACKGROUND Even though there are many studies available reporting on implant failures, there are few studies that follow implant failures over time in large populations. PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the annual incidence of reported implant failures for patients and operations over a 28-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 8,528 patients were consecutively provided with 39,077 implants in 10,719 implant operations during a 27-year period (1986-2012) at one specialist clinic. All patients with reported failures of implants during a 28-year routine follow-up period (1986-2013) were included, and data from the patients' files were retrieved and reported. RESULTS Altogether, 857 patients (882 jaws/operations) were identified with one or more failures (10.0% of patients/8.5% of operations). Mean annual incidence of first failure showed obvious variations between years, even between seemingly clinically similar situations. However, incidence of first implant failure was higher for upper than lower jaws (p < .05), within 1 year of surgery (69%) than after 1 year (p < .05), and for implants with a turned surface compared with implants with a moderately rough surface (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS With regard to annual failure incidence in relation to total number of operations over time, obvious variations in failure rate can be observed between seemingly similar clinical situations, as well as significant differences in incidence of first implant failure between the first year after surgery and later time points, between upper and lower jaws using implants with turned surfaces, and between operations to install implants with turned surfaces and those to install implants with moderately rough surfaces.
The Manufacturing of the Superconducting Magnet System for the JT-60SA

JT-60SA is the satellite tokamak for ITER in the Broader Approach agreement. The JT-60SA uses 18 toroidal field coils, a central solenoid with 4 modules, and 6 equilibrium field coils, they are all superconducting coils with forced flow cooled conductors. All detailed designs of these superconducting coils have been completed. The manufacturing of conductors and coils are progressing in Japan and EU. This paper shows the latest manufacturing activities and final design adjusting of its magnet system and their utilities.
Lack of racial disparity in incident prediabetes and glycemic progression among black and white offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes: the pathobiology of prediabetes in a biracial cohort (POP-ABC) study.

BACKGROUND Although the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among persons with prediabetes is well known (∼10%/y), the incidence of prediabetes among normoglycemic persons is unclear. Also, in the Diabetes Prevention Program, no racial/ethnic differences were seen in diabetes incidence, whereas marked racial/ethnic disparities are reported in the prevalence of T2D. We aimed to obtain estimates of incident prediabetes and determine whether racial disparities manifest during transition to prediabetes. DESIGN AND METHODS We enrolled 376 (217 black, 159 white) nondiabetic offspring of parents with T2D (mean age 44.2 y) and followed them up quarterly for 5.5 years. Assessments included anthropometry, body composition, oral glucose tolerance test, biochemistries, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion. The primary outcome was progression to impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance (or diabetes). RESULTS Of 343 participants with evaluable data, 101 subjects (49 white, 52 black) developed prediabetes, and 10 (4 white, 6 black) developed diabetes during a mean follow-up of 2.62 years. There was no significant racial difference in the cumulative incidence of prediabetes (32.7% white, 30% black) or combined prediabetes/diabetes (35% white, 30% black). Significant predictors of prediabetes included age, gender, trunk fat, 2-hour postload glucose (2hrPG), insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion. In a Cox proportional-hazards model, with adjustment for age and sex, the 2hrPG and abdominal obesity were independent predictors of incident prediabetes/diabetes [relative hazards (95% confidence interval [CI]) for the 90th vs 10th percentile: trunk fat mass 2.90 (95% CI 1.74-4.82), P < . 0001; 2hrPG 2.54 (95% CI 1.46-4.40), P = . 0009]. Having the trunk fat mass and the 2hrPG at the 90th percentile conferred a 7-fold hazard of prediabetes compared with persons at the 10th percentile for both measures. CONCLUSION Black and white offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes develop prediabetes at a similar high rate of approximately 11% per year. Therefore, close surveillance, with prompt intervention to prevent dysglycemia, is warranted in persons with parental diabetes.
A comparison of peritonitis rates from the United States Renal Data System database: CAPD versus continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND Previous comparisons of peritonitis rates between continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) have produced varying results. METHODS Using United States Renal Data System data, the authors evaluated peritonitis rates in 1994 through 1997 incident CAPD (n = 9,190) and CCPD (n = 2,785) Medicare patients. Patients were characterized during a 6-month entry period (months 4 through 9) and followed for a maximum of 2 years (months 10 through 33). Medicare claims data provided the date of the first peritonitis episode during the follow-up period. The time to first peritonitis after 9 months of PD was compared by the log-rank test, and then by Cox regression with adjustment for peritoneal dialysis modality, age, sex, race, primary end-stage renal disease (ESRD) diagnosis, number of entry-period hospital days, peritonitis during the entry period, hematocrit value, and congestive heart failure. RESULTS For CAPD and CCPD, the adjusted average months to first peritonitis after 9 months of PD were 17.1 and 16.1, respectively. The probabilities of remaining without a peritonitis episode after 1 year of follow-up were 0.53 and 0.50, respectively ( P = 0.008). The risk of peritonitis was lower for CAPD than for CCPD (relative risk, 0.939; 95% confidence interval, 0.883 to 0.998). Other significant risk factors included age <or=44 years, black race, diabetes as primary ESRD diagnosis, peritonitis during the entry period, greater than 4 entry-period hospital days, and congestive heart failure. Patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin with a hematocrit value of >or=36% had lower risk of peritonitis. CONCLUSION Compared with CCPD, CAPD is associated with a slightly but significantly lower risk for development of a first peritonitis episode after 9 months of peritoneal dialysis therapy.
A patient-specific computer model to predict outcomes of the balloon occlusion test.

OBJECT Balloon occlusion tests (BOTs) are performed to identify patients who are at risk for ischemia and stroke following permanent internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. The object of this work was to determine whether patient-specific blood flow modeling can be used to identify patients in whom the BOT would not be tolerated. METHODS The test was performed in 16 patients who underwent BOT with continuous neurological and electroencephalographic monitoring, followed by a hypotensive challenge. During hypotension a tracer was injected so that single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) scans could be obtained. Each individual brain circulation was modeled using information gained from phase-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and digital subtraction (DS) angiography, and the predicted effect of the BOT was evaluated. Six patients did not tolerate the BOT; in these patients, decreases in middle cerebral artery (M1 segment) blood flow of 41 +/- 27% (mean +/- standard deviation), anterior cerebral artery (A3 segment) flow of 56 +/- 33%, and posterior cerebral artery (P2 segment) flow of 4 +/- 13% ipsilateral to the site of occlusion were found with modeling; these changes were significantly greater than the percentage of changes measured in the contralateral hemisphere (p < 0.05). Ten patients who tolerated the BOT well had calculated decreases in ipsilateral flows of only 9 +/- 6% for the M1 segment, 12 +/- 40% for the A3 segment, and 17 +/- 21% for the P2 segment during BOT modeling. CONCLUSIONS A decrease in blood flow in both the ipsilateral M1 and A3 segments that was greater than 20%, calculated by flow modeling of the BOT, was 100% sensitive and 100% specific in identifying patients who could not tolerate the BOT. Blood flow modeling, coupled with DS angiography and noninvasive phase-contrast MR angiography measurements to make calculations patient specific, can be used to identify patients who have an elevated risk of ischemia during the BOT.
Evaluation of the microbiota of primary endodontic infections using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization.

BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of the microbiota of primary endodontic infections in 111 selected cases of single-rooted teeth with necrotic pulp. METHODS Samples were collected from the root canals using #15 Hedströen-type files and two sterile paper points, which were introduced 1 mm short of the apical foramen. The presence, levels, and proportions of 40 different bacterial species in each sample were determined using DNA probes and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization techniques. RESULTS The mean number of species per sample was 22. Enterococcus faecalis (89.3%), Campylobacter gracilis (89.3%), Leptotrichia buccalis (89.3%), Neisseria mucosa (87.5%), Prevotella melaninogenica (86.6%), Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. vincentii (85.7%), Eubacterium saburreum (75.9%), Streptococcus anginosus (75%), and Veillonella parvula (74.1%) were the most prevalent species. The species found in highest mean counts (over 10(5)) were F. nucleatum ssp. vincentii (13.14 x 10(5)), E. saburreum (5.67 x 10(5)), E. faecalis (5.38 x 10(5)), N. mucosa (4.19 x 10(5)), V. parvula (3.63 x 10(5)), C. gracilis (3.46 x 10(5)), Treponema socranskii (3.34 x 10(5)), Porphyromonas endodontalis (2.96 x 10(5)), Porphyromonas gingivalis (2.85 x 10(5)), Micromonas micros (2.81 x 10(5)), Prevotella nigrescens (2.68 x 10(5)) and Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. nucleatum (2.64 x 10(5)). Most of these species were also found in high proportions. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that several bacterial species considered to be oral pathogens seem to be implicated in the etiology of primary endodontic infections.
Resilience in internationally adopted children

Desde 1998, 45.696 menores procedentes de adopcion internacional han llegado a Espana. Las investigaciones sobre la adaptacion psicologica de estos ninos y ninas indican que, a pesar de que la mayoria presentan un ajuste psicosocial adecuado, son mas propensos a experimentar dificultades emocionales, conductuales y en habilidades sociales. La investigacion en los puntos fuertes personales y el papel que los recursos personales y sociales desempenan en el desarrollo evolutivo, es un area de investigacion reciente en resiliencia. Esta investigacion se ha centrado en los factores que contribuyen positivamente al desarrollo de las habilidades sociales y de adaptacion de los menores adoptados internacionalmente, como expresion de su capacidad de resiliencia. Los resultados indican que el desarrollo de habilidades adaptativas y sociales, incluidas las relaciones interpersonales y las relaciones con los padres difieren significativamente dependiendo de diferentes factores analizados. El patron de apego seguro de los ninos aparece como factor que favorece el desarrollo de estas habilidades, siendo el unico factor significativo en las relaciones con los padres, independientemente de la edad de adopcion o del tiempo transcurrido con la familia adoptiva. La edad de adopcion tambien aparece como un factor relevante, en cuanto que la edad de adopcion temprana favorece el desarrollo de habilidades adaptativas y sociales, exceptuando que no ejerce ningun efecto en la escala de relaciones con los padres. Los resultados de los tres articulos que componen la tesis, indican que los menores adoptados procedentes de paises de la Europa del Este tienen mas dificultades en problemas de atencion, en desarrollar un patron de apego seguro, en el desarrollo de habilidades adaptativas, en las relaciones interpersonales y en la escala de estres social; confirmando otros estudios internacionales que informan de una deprivacion mas severa y de altos indices de exposicion prenatal al tabaco y al alcohol, sugiriendo la posible existencia de Sindrome Alcoholico Fetal en la muestra y que deberia desarrollarse como una linea de investigacion futura. La adopcion implica la interaccion de multiples factores que hace de ella una situacion de investigacion compleja. Esta investigacion ha puesto de manifiesto la importancia de cada uno de los factores analizados y futuras investigaciones deberian incorporar el efecto que ejercen las caracteristicas individuales de los menores junto con factores post adoptivos en su entorno mas cercano, tales como los estilos educativos familiares.
The Determinants of IT Adoption in SMEs in the Czech-Polish Border Areas

This paper deals with the factors affecting an adoption of information technology (IT) in micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) within the transition economies of the Czech–Polish region. The basic determinants of IT adoption which were identified include data sources, the use of function modules in information systems, the required IT properties and the way IT operations are implemented. The results of the questionnaire survey carried out in 2012 are evaluated by the asymmetric dependence testing and estimation of ordinal regression models. The paper describes the impact of selected determinants on IT adoption. The analysis results show a different effect of determinants in relation to the size of an economic entity (individual SME segments). When we are aware of the importance of these indicators, it can help us to improve the understanding, monitoring and support of the further development of IT adoption in SMEs as an important condition for the successful economy transformation.
State of Art in Genetic Algorithms for Agricultural Systems

Genetic algorithms are built as abstract populations of a number of candidate solutions, each of it being evaluated for accomplish a desired performance. Populations evolve from one generation to another through mutation, crossover and selection in order to obtain an acceptable solution. Genetic algorithms applications cover the subject of decision, classification, optimization and simulation of hard problems. The quality of a genetic algorithm is evaluated in terms of speed, accuracy and domain of applicability. The use of all genetic operators could assure the convergence towards the optimum solution for a specific hard problem. The approaches used to construct the search space and the objective function (survival of the fittest, natural selection) assure the diversity of genetic algorithms. Studies on the development and use of genetic algorithms in solving hard problems in the field of agricultural systems were identified, analyzed and are presented here.
Valuation of Defaultable Bonds and Debt Restructuring

In this paper we develop a contingent valuation model for zero-coupon bonds with default. In order to emphasize the role of maturity time and place of the lender's claim in a firm's debt hierarchy, we consider a firm that issues two bonds with different maturities and different seniorage. The model allows us to analyze the implications of both debt renegotiation and capital structure of a firm on the prices of bonds. We obtain that renegotiation brings about a significant change in the bond prices and that the effect is dispersed through various channels: increasing the value of the firm, reallocating payments, and avoiding costly liquidation. Moreover, the presence of two creditors leads to qualitatively different implications for pricing, while emphasizing the importance of bond covenants and renegotiation of the entire debt.
Immobilization of Aluminum with Phosphorus in Roots Is Associated with High Aluminum Resistance in Buckwheat1

Oxalic acid secretion from roots is considered to be an important mechanism for aluminum (Al) resistance in buckwheat (Fygopyrum esculentum Moench). Nonetheless, only a single Al-resistant buckwheat cultivar was used to investigate the significance of oxalic acid in detoxifying Al. In this study, we investigated two buckwheat cultivars, Jiangxi (Al resistant) and Shanxi (Al sensitive), which showed significant variation in their resistance to Al stress. In the presence of 0 to 100 μm Al, the inhibition of root elongation was greater in Shanxi than that in Jiangxi, and the Al content of root apices (0–10 mm) was much lower in Jiangxi. However, the dependence of oxalic acid secretion on external Al concentration and the time course for secretion were similar in both cultivars. Furthermore, the variation in Al-induced oxalic acid efflux along the root was similar, showing a 10-fold greater efflux from the apical 0- to 5-mm region than from the 5- to 10-mm region. These results suggest that both Shanxi and Jiangxi possess an equal capacity for Al-dependent oxalic acid secretion. Another two potential Al resistance mechanisms, i.e. Al-induced alkalinization of rhizosphere pH and root inorganic phosphate release, were also not involved in their differential Al resistance. However, after longer treatments in Al (10 d), the concentrations of phosphorus and Al in the roots of the Al-resistant cultivar Jiangxi were significantly higher than those in Shanxi. Furthermore, more Al was localized in the cell walls of the resistant cultivar. All these results suggest that while Al-dependent oxalic acid secretion might contribute to the overall high resistance to Al stress of buckwheat, this response cannot explain the variation in tolerance between these two cultivars. We present evidence suggesting the greater Al resistance in buckwheat is further related to the immobilization and detoxification of Al by phosphorus in the root tissues.
Demirköprü Baraj Gölü (Manisa) Tatlısu İstakozu (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823)'nun Bazı Büyüme ve Morfometrik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

Bu arastirma Demirkopru Baraj Golunde yasayan tatlisu istakozu (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823)’nun bazi buyume ve morfometrik ozelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaciyla Şubat 1991-Mart 1992 tarihleri arasinda yakalanan 346 tatlisu istakozu (113 disi, 233 erkek) uzerinden gerceklestirilmistir. Arastirma boyunca yakalanan tatlisu istakozlarinin %67,3’u erkek, %32,7’si disi birey olarak tespit edilmis ve disi / erkek orani 0,48 / 1,00 olarak hesaplanmistir. Populasyondan alinan bireylerin total boyu 55-124 mm arasinda, total agirligi ise 3,5-78,4 g arasinda degisim gostermektedir. Disi bireylerin ortalama total boylari 92,88 mm, erkek bireylerin ortalama total boylari ise 90,18 mm olarak tespit edilmistir. Boy gruplarina gore populasyonda avlanabilir boyun (≥ 90 mm) uzerindeki bireylerin orani %52,02 olarak saptanmistir. Tatlisu istakozlarinin Total Boy, Abdomen Boyu, Abdomen Genisligi, Kelipet Boyu, Kelipet Genisligi, Karapaks Agirligi, Abdomen Agirligi gibi metrik ozellikleri ile Karapaks Boyu / Total Boy, Abdomen Boyu / Total Boy, Abdomen Genisligi / Abdomen Boyu, Karapaks Boyu / Abdomen Boyu, Abdomen Genisligi / Karapaks Genisligi, Kelipet Genisligi / Kelipet Boyu oranlarinin eseyler arasinda ki farki istatistiksel acidan onemli bulunmustur (p
Serotonergic drug effects on a delayed conditional discrimination task in the rat; involvement of the 5-HT1A receptor in working memory

We investigated the effects of serotonergic drugs on working memory (WM) in a delayed conditional discrimination task. The 5-HT1A receptor full agonist flesinoxan (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) dose- and delay-dependently impaired performance, indicating a specific effect on WM. The 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist ipsapirone, the 5-HT 1B/1D/2C agonist TFMPP, the 5-HT1A antagonist NAN190 and the serotonin re-uptake inhibitor fluvoxamine dose-dependently impaired performance, in a delay-independent manner, indicating no specific effect on WM. The 5-HT 2 receptor antagonist ketanserin and the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron did not affect performance. It is suggested that the role of central serotonin receptors in WM may be restricted to 5-HT1A receptors.
Budesonide in collagenous colitis: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial with histologic follow-up.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Collagenous colitis (CC) is a well-described entity causing chronic diarrhea and characteristic histologic findings. Several treatment options have been suggested, but no controlled data are available. We conducted a placebo-controlled trial to show the clinical and histologic effects of budesonide in CC. METHODS Twenty-eight patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo (n = 14) or budesonide 9 mg daily (n = 14) for 8 weeks. Patients were evaluated clinically, and blinded biopsy specimens were analyzed from fixed locations at weeks 0 and 8. Clinical response was defined as a decrease of at least 50% in the disease activity score (number of bowel movements in the last 7 days). At week 8, nonresponders received open-label budesonide for the next 8-week period; responders discontinued treatment and were followed up. RESULTS Three patients discontinued the study prematurely. Intention-to-treat analysis showed clinical response in 8 of 14 patients in the budesonide group compared with 3 of 14 responders for placebo (P = 0.05) after 8 weeks of blinded therapy, together with improved stool consistency. Histologically, there was no change in the mean thickness of the collagen band but a significant decrease of the lamina propria infiltrate in the budesonide group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Budesonide is efficacious in inducing short-term clinical response in CC with significant reduction of the histologic infiltrate in the lamina propria.