Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inter-rater reliability in assigning ICF codes to children with disabilities

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if independent raters would arrive at similar decisions about which codes from the Activities and Participation component of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) to assign to children with disabilities based on the results of standard paediatric functional assessment measures. Method: Children (N = 60), 9 months to 17.75 years old, with a range of disabilities were assessed using either the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (n = 20), the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) (n = 20), or the School Function Assessment (SFA) (n = 20). Two raters independently determined which of 40 codes from the Activities and Participation component of the ICF applied to each child based on items and standard scores from the assessment measure. The Cohen's kappa statistic was used as the measure of inter-rater reliability. Results: The kappa statistic was ⩾ 0.70, the criterion for good agreement in this study, for 23/40 codes using the Vineland, 17/40 codes using the PEDI, and 17/40 codes using the SFA. The mean kappa statistic reached ⩾ 0.70 for the Self care domain, using all three tools. The mean kappa statistic also reached ⩾ 0.70 for Learning and Applying Knowledge and Mobility using the Vineland. Conclusions: Independent raters reached high rates of agreement when assessment test items were structured developmentally and corresponded to a single ICF code. For domains other than Self care, alternative assessment strategies may be necessary to improve assigning ICF codes to children with disabilities.
Calcium Ions Positively Modulate Follicle-Stimulating Hormone- and Exogenous Cyclic 3',5'-Adenosine Monophosphate-Driven Transcription of the P450scc Gene in Porcine Granulosa Cells.

Given the evident modulation of FSH-induced steroidogenesis by Ca2+ in granulosa cells, we here test the hypothesis that Ca2+ controls expression of the enzymatically rate-limiting cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A) gene. To test this postulate, we quantitated the ability of Ca2+ to regulate: 1) transcriptional activity of a transiently transfected luciferase reporter gene driven by a 2.32-kb 5′-upstream fragment of the porcine P450scc gene promoter region; and 2) accumulation of endogenous P450scc transcripts in primary monolayer cultures of porcine granulosa cells. To this end, granulosa cells were stimulated for 4 h with FSH (15 ng/ml, NIDDK-oFSH-20) or 8-Bromo-cAMP (8 Br-cAMP, 1 mm) in serum-free medium containing either 1.8 mm Ca2+ or no added Ca2+ with 100 μm EGTA or 100 μm CoCl2. In the presence of extracellular Ca2+, FSH and 8 Br-cAMP stimulated expression of the transfected P450scc promoter-reporter fusion construct by 5.6 ± 1.1 and 3.6 ± 0.67-fold, respectively over Ca2+-containing unstimulated control.
Citric Acid Cycle in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrobaculum islandicum Grown Autotrophically, Heterotrophically, and Mixotrophically with Acetate

ABSTRACT The hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum islandicum uses the citric acid cycle in the oxidative and reductive directions for heterotrophic and autotrophic growth, respectively, but the control of carbon flow is poorly understood. P. islandicum was grown at 95°C autotrophically, heterotrophically, and mixotrophically with acetate, H2, and small amounts of yeast extract and with thiosulfate as the terminal electron acceptor. The autotrophic growth rates and maximum concentrations of cells were significantly lower than those in other media. The growth rates on H2 and 0.001% yeast extract with and without 0.05% acetate were the same, but the maximum concentration of cells was fourfold higher with acetate. There was no growth with acetate if 0.001% yeast extract was not present, and addition of H2 to acetate-containing medium greatly increased the growth rates and maximum concentrations of cells. P. islandicum cultures assimilated 14C-labeled acetate in the presence of H2 and yeast extract with an efficiency of 55%. The activities of 11 of 19 enzymes involved in the central metabolism of P. islandicum were regulated under the three different growth conditions. Pyruvate synthase and acetate:coenzyme A (CoA) ligase (ADP-forming) activities were detected only in heterotrophically grown cultures. Citrate synthase activity decreased in autotrophic and acetate-containing cultures compared to the activity in heterotrophic cultures. Acetylated citrate lyase, acetate:CoA ligase (AMP forming), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities increased in autotrophic and acetate-containing cultures. Citrate lyase activity was higher than ATP citrate synthase activity in autotrophic cultures. These data suggest that citrate lyase and AMP-forming acetate:CoA ligase, but not ATP citrate synthase, work opposite citrate synthase to control the direction of carbon flow in the citric acid cycle.
Eosinophilic tissue response several weeks after sirolimus‐eluting cypher stent implantation within a bare metal stent in a coronary saphenous vein graft

A 77-year-old man was admitted with unstable angina caused by a severely stenotic lesion in a saphenous vein graft 15 years after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) of the right coronary artery (RCA). The patient was treated with implantation of a bare metal 4.53 13-mm Ultra stent (Guidant, Santa Clara, CA). After a 4-month interval with minimal anginal complaints, the patient was re-admitted to our hospital for recurrent unstable angina. Angiography revealed significant in-stent restenosis in the venous graft. A 3.53 18-mm Sirolimus-eluting stent (Cypher; Cordis Europa NV, J&J, Roden, The Netherlands) was implanted within the previously placed bare stent as a staged procedure prior to an expected CABG procedure some time in the distant future (Fig. 1A and 1B). However, already after 6 weeks, the patient underwent the second CABG procedure with venous grafting of the native RCA and partial removal of the first saphenous vein graft, including the segment with the two stents. The removed double stented venous graft was immediately taken to the pathology laboratory, cross sectioned with the use of a diamond saw and 3-mm segments were embedded in plastic (BMA/MMA) for histological examination. Hematoxylin and Eosin-stained sections showed a patent but narrowed lumen and the deeply located bare metal stent completely embedded in fibrocellular tissue. The superficially located sites of the Cypher stent struts were surrounded by a marked inflammatory infiltrate composed of mononuclear cells and many eosinophilic granulocytes (Fig. 2A and B). This was in contrast with the hypocellular response to the struts of the bare metal stent, which showed only few mononuclear cells and multinucleated giant cells, but no eosinophils.
Mental Health Burden Among Impoverished HIV-Positive Patients in Peru

HIV and poor mental health are intricately related. In settings of poverty, both are often rooted in structural factors related to material and social deprivation. We performed a qualitative analysis to understand factors contributing to poor emotional health and its impact among impoverished Peruvian HIV-infected individuals. We conducted focus group discussions with patients and providers consisting of semistructured, open-ended questions. Qualitative analysis provided insight into the profound impact of depression, isolation, stigma, and lack of social support among these patients. Living with HIV contributed significantly to mental health problems experienced by HIV-positive individuals; furthermore, long-standing stressors—such as economic hardship, fragmented family relationships, and substance use—shaped patients’ outlooks, and may have contributed not only to current emotional hardship but to risk factors for contracting HIV as well. Once diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, many patients experienced hopelessness, stigma, and socioeconomic marginalization. Patients tended to rely on informal sources of support, including peers and community health workers, and rarely used formal mental health services. In resource-poor settings, the context of mental health problems among HIV-positive individuals must be framed within the larger structural context of poverty and social exclusion. Optimal strategies to address the mental health problems of these individuals should include integrating mental health services into HIV care, task shifting to utilize community health workers where human resources are scarce, and interventions aimed at poverty alleviation.
Depreciation of Business R&D Capital

We develop a forward‐looking profit model to estimate the depreciation rates of business R&D capital. By using data from BEA and NSF between 1987 and 2007, and the newly developed model, we estimate both constant and time‐varying industry‐specific R&D depreciation rates. The results comprise a complete set of R&D depreciation rates for major U.S. high‐tech industries. They align with the main conclusions from recent studies that the rates are in general higher than the traditionally assumed 15 percent and vary across industries. The relative ranking of the constant R&D depreciation rates among industries is consistent with industry observations and the industry‐specific time‐varying rates are informative about the dynamics of technological change and the levels of competition across industries. Lastly, we also present a cross‐country comparison of the R&D depreciation rates between the U.S. and Japan, and find that the results reflect the relative technological competitiveness in key industries.
The Identity of the Woman in Revelation 12:1-6

The identity of the woman in Revelation 12: 1-6 is apparently shrouded in a symbolism that is consistent with apocalyptic literature. This has, however, engendered scholarly debates as a result of divergent views on the issue. There is also lack of unanimity in hermeneutical approaches. The study attempts to refute or affirm certain interpretations about the identity of the woman in order to provide an acceptable interpretation. Some commentators regard the woman in Revelation 12 as a sign, church, Mary, Israel or the redeemed. All these interpretations are not without difficulties because they ignore essential features of the woman. The woman in Revelation 12 is the community of God’s people in the Old Testament which spans to the church in the New Testament. A corroborative witness tacitly provided by verses 13 to 17 (referring to the other offspring of the woman) conclusively reveals that the woman in Revelation 12 is also the church. This implies that the woman in Revelation 12:1-6 has a dual application, meaning God’s people in the Old Testament and God’s church (people) in the New Testament.
Dynamics of the Vaginal Ecosystem—Hormonal Influences

The vagina is a dynamic and finely tuned ecosystem in which homeostasis depends on mutually beneficial interactions between a human female and her resident microorganisms, an ecosystem that can be thrown off balance by a wide variety of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Although a functional equilibrium provides stability to the ecosystem considered crucial to maintaining vaginal health, “normal flora” is a concept currently being redefined. New methodologies enable molecular analyses of the vaginal microbiota which have widened the definition of “normal” from a single specific microbiological profile to a range of functional microbial equilibria dependent upon pertinent host and microbial factors. One of the strongest influences on the vaginal microbiota is the hormonal changes that define the reproductive phases of a woman's life. The vaginal environment is particularly responsive to estrogen, a hormone that creates distinctive changes in the vaginal microbiota. This review summarizes the components of a healthy vaginal ecosystem during the reproductive years, including the characteristics of a healthy equilibrium and factors that can disturb a functional balance. It also summarizes what is known about the vaginal microbiota in childhood and after menopause. Healthful ecosystems at any stage of a female's reproductive life will be characterized by a microbiota that both maintains physiological function and though changeable, adapts to normal perturbation without succumbing to disease.
Distinct roles for multiple Src family kinases at fertilization

Egg activation at fertilization requires the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum of the egg. Recent evidence indicates that Src family kinases (SFKs) function in the signaling pathway that initiates this Ca2+ release in the eggs of many deuterostomes. We have identified three SFKs expressed in starfish (Asterina miniata) eggs, designated AmSFK1, AmSFK2 and AmSFK3. Antibodies made against the unique domains of each AmSFK protein revealed that all three are expressed in eggs and localized primarily to the membrane fraction. Both AmSFK1 and AmSFK3 (but not AmSFK2) are necessary for egg activation, as determined by injection of starfish oocytes with dominant-interfering Src homology 2 (SH2) domains, which specifically delay and reduce the initial release of Ca2+ at fertilization. AmSFK3 exhibits a very rapid and transient kinase activity in response to fertilization, peaking at 30 seconds post sperm addition. AmSFK1 kinase activity also increases transiently at fertilization, but peaks later, at 2 minutes. These results indicate that there are multiple SFKs present in starfish eggs with distinct, perhaps sequential, signaling roles.
Association of HIV and ART with cardiometabolic traits in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

During the preparation of this article, owing to an administrative oversight between the collaborating institutions, we omitted Dr Dermot Maher from the author list. Dr Maher was involved in the early phases of the General Population Cohort (GPC) Study, data from which were used in the individual-level participant data analyses in this manuscript. His role included contributing to the GPC study protocol development, management of initial research ethics application for the GPC, and organisation of initial field programmes at MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS. As a result, we request that Dr Maher is included in the author list. This results in the following correction: David G Dillon, Deepti Gurdasani, Johanna Riha, Kenneth Ekoru, Gershim Asiki, Billy N Mayanja, Dermot Maher, Naomi S Levitt, Nigel J Crowther, Moffat Nyirenda, Marina Njelekela, Kaushik Ramaiya, Ousman Nyan, Olanisun O Adewole, Kathryn Anastos, Livio Azzoni, W Henry Boom, Caterina Compostella, Joel A Dave, Halima Dawood, Christian Erikstrup, Carla M Fourie, Henrik Friis, Annamarie Kruger, John A Idoko, Chris T Longenecker, Suzanne Mbondi, Japheth E Mukaya, Eugene Mutimura, Chiratidzo E Ndhlovu, George Praygod, Eric W Pefura Yone, Mar PujadesRodriguez, Nyagosya Range, Mahmoud U Sani, Aletta E Schutte, Karen Sliwa, Phyllis C Tien, Este H Vorster, Corinna Walsh, Rutendo Zinyama, Fredirick Mashili, Eugene Sobngwi, Clement Adebamowo, Anatoli Kamali, Janet Seeley, Elizabeth H Young, Liam Smeeth, Ayesha A Motala, Pontiano Kaleebu, Manjinder S Sandhu* and on behalf of the African Partnership for Chronic Disease Research (APCDR). Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK, MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, Division of Diabetic Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Chronic Diseases Initiative in Africa, Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa, Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi, Department of Physiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Department of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Royal Victoria Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, University of The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, Women’s Equity in Access to Care &Treatment, Kigali, Rwanda, HIV-1 Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH,
Assessment of Wheelchair Drag Resistance Using a Coasting Deceleration Technique

Hoffman MD, Millet GY, Hoch AZ, Candau RB: Assessment of wheelchair drag resistance using a coasting deceleration technique. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2003;82:880–889. Objective To apply a recently developed coasting deceleration method to measure rolling and aerodynamic resistances opposing wheelchair propulsion on a variety of different wheelchairs and wheel combinations and on two different ground surfaces. Design For each condition, 20–25 trials were performed across a speed range of approximately 70–300 m/min. The least-squares method was then used to arrive at values for the coefficient of rolling resistance (CR) and effective frontal area of the wheelchair and occupant. Results Wheelchair rolling resistance was found to be velocity dependent under some circumstances. CR values on linoleum differed among folding lightweight wheelchairs and when compared with a rigid ultralight and racing wheelchair. Changing rear wheels and tires on one wheelchair resulted in a 14% difference in CR. Carpet increased CR values by an average of 0.0118 over the values determined on linoleum. As expected, effective frontal area of the wheelchair and occupant values were lower for the racer than for the folding lightweight wheelchair. Conclusions Wheelchair rolling resistance is not always independent of velocity, and CR on linoleum can vary among wheelchairs by as much as seven-fold, and carpet can more than double CR.
Repression of RNA Polymerase I Transcription by the Tumor Suppressor p53

ABSTRACT The tumor suppressor protein p53 is frequently inactivated in tumors. It functions as a transcriptional activator as well as a repressor for a number of viral and cellular promoters transcribed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and by RNA Pol III. Moreover, it appears that p53 also suppresses RNA Pol I transcription. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanism of Pol I transcriptional inhibition by p53. We show that wild-type, but not mutant, p53 can repress Pol I transcription from a human rRNA gene promoter in cotransfection assays. Furthermore, we show that recombinant p53 inhibits rRNA transcription in a cell-free transcription system. In agreement with these results, p53-null epithelial cells display an increased Pol I transcriptional activity compared to that of epithelial cells that express p53. However, both cell lines display comparable Pol I factor protein levels. Our biochemical analysis shows that p53 prevents the interaction between SL1 and UBF. Protein-protein interaction assays indicate that p53 binds to SL1, and this interaction is mostly mediated by direct contacts with TATA-binding protein and TAFI110. Moreover, template commitment assays show that while the formation of a UBF-SL1 complex can partially relieve the inhibition of transcription, only the assembly of a UBF-SL1-Pol I initiation complex on the rDNA promoter confers substantial protection against p53 inhibition. In summary, our results suggest that p53 represses RNA Pol I transcription by directly interfering with the assembly of a productive transcriptional machinery on the rRNA promoter.
Multiphase parallel interleaved and primary-parallel secondary-series forward micro-inverter comparison

Using multiphase technique is interesting in PV AC-module application due to light-load efficiency improvement by applying phase shedding, and the possibility of low-profile implementation. This paper presents a comparison, in terms of size and efficiency, of the parallel interleaved and the parallel-series connected multiphase configurations, as a function of the number of phases, for a forward micro-inverter operated in DCM. 8-phase prototypes of both multiphase configurations are built and compared between them and with the single phase forward micro-inverter, validating the presented analysis.
The derivation of gender-role scales GM and GF for MMPI-2 and their relationship to Scale 5 (Mf).

Separate scales for masculine and feminine gender roles (GM and GF, respectively) were developed for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) based on the item endorsements of men and women in the restandardization sample. Each scale reflects the pattern of answers of a majority of the members of the respective sexes. There are no items in common between the two scales, and they correlate -. 10 with each other for both men and women. Distributional, temporal stability, and internal consistency characteristics were analyzed, as well as their item overlap and correlations with the basic profile scales. These separate unipolar scales were contrasted with Scale 5 (the Masculinity-Femininity scale, Mf), the traditional measure of these constructs in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The conjoint use of GM and GF to form gender-role groups is recommended to supplement and clarify the ambiguity of midlevel scores on Scale 5.
The Everett Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics: Many Worlds or None?

The doctoral dissertation of Hugh Everett, III-written under the direction of J. A. Wheeler-was principally motivated by the wish to obtain a reasonable basis for the quantization of general relativity (see Everett [1], pp. 454, 455, 462; and Wheeler [2], p. 465). To accomplish this aim, it seemed (and still does seem) necessary to eliminate from the formulation of the quantum theory the dualism of what von Neumann ([4], p. 351) called "process 1" and "process 2'" -the former associated with "observation of the object system from outside, the latter consisting in the evolution of an isolated quantum system; for general relativity deals essentially with the universe as a whole, and there is no such thing as "observation of the universe from outside. " Thus Everett proposed to state the theory in such a way that all processes, including those of observation (or measurement), are of von Neumann's second type, governed uniformly by the quantum-dynamical law, the (timedependent) Schr6dinger equation. Now, it had been emphasized by von Neumann that, in distinguishing between "object system " and "apparatus-plus-observer" -and, correlatively, between " process 1" and "process 2" -there is considerable latitude as to where to draw the line: in the direction of including more in the "object system," according to von Neumann, one can go far into the body of the acual observer, and can include within "process 2" the neural and cerebral processes of sensation, as long as one does not trespass beyond the point where a result "is perceived by the observer" (see [4], pp. 351-2 and pp. 418-420). Indeed, it is not quite clear whether von Neumann intended even the last-mentioned restriction: he may have meant to allow the inclusion of arbitrary physiological occurrences within observers in process 2, and to have insisted only that at some point a line must be drawn and one must say "and suchand-such is perceived by the observer. " In any case, it is already implicit in Schr6dinger's famous example ([5]) of the (possibly)