Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased risk of recurrence associated with certain risk factors in breast cancer patients after DIEP-flap reconstruction and lipofilling-a matched cohort study with 200 patients.

BACKGROUND Lipofilling is performed in breast cancer patients to optimize the aesthetic outcome following breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Despite its common usage worldwide, little is known about the interaction of the lipoaspirate and dormant cancer cells. Up to date, no risk factors that increase the risk for cancer recurrence have been established. This study aims to identify risk factors for lipofilling candidates after breast cancer and questions the oncological safety of lipofilling in lymph node positive disease. METHODS Matched retrospective cohort study: the disease-free survival (DFS) between 100 breast cancer patients undergoing a lipofilling after their DIEP-flap reconstruction and 100 matched control patients with no subsequent lipofilling was analyzed. Further, patients were subdivided according to risk factors, which were categorized as patient-dependent factors (PDFs) and tumor-dependent factors (TDFs). DFS and hazard ratios (HR) were compared to identify potential risk factors that may increase cancer recurrence. RESULTS Median follow-up was 76.5 months from the mastectomy, and 31 months from the startpoint to the end of follow-up. Seven and eleven patients had recurrence in the lipofilling and control group, respectively, presenting with comparable DFS rates and an insignificant HR =0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22-1.47, P=0.24. According to subgroup survival analysis, lipofilling increased the risk of recurrence in women with a positive nodal status (P=0.035) and a high-grade neoplasia (P=0.049). CONCLUSIONS No general increased recurrence risk was observed between the lipofilling and control group. The subgroup analysis identified high-grade neoplasia and positive nodal status to be a risk factor for cancer recurrence. Patients with a known node positive disease have an increased risk of occult micrometastases in their lymph nodes. Further studies are necessary to clarify whether dormant breast cancer cells in form of micrometastases in the lymph nodes can be reactivated by the factors secreted by adipose derived stem cells.
Evaluation of glutamate concentration transient in the synaptic cleft of the rat calyx of Held

• Spatiotemporal glutamate concentration profile in the cleft is a determinant of the EPSC amplitude and time course. • Two key parameters required to describe this profile are the number of glutamate in a vesicle (NGlu) and its diffusion coefficient (DGlu), both of which are unestablished. • Using the rat calyx of Held synapse as a model, the distribution of AMPA receptors was mapped with SDS‐digested freeze fracture replica labelling and their performance as glutamate sensors was evaluated with outside‐out patch recordings. • Based on these data, synaptic responses were simulated using various combinations of NGlu and DGlu, and an optimal range of the NGlu–DGlu combinations that could reproduce the recordings was determined. • Using the estimated profile, we show that release from a single vesicle does not saturate the receptors, glutamate spillover does not affect the synaptic conductance amplitude, and synaptic response increases non‐linearly with the number of multivesicular releases.
Non-union of isolated radial neck fracture using a bone graft and temporary K-wire fixation: a case report.

INTRODUCTION Non-union of radial neck fractures is not common in adults, and surgical treatment is rarely required. This case report documents non-union of the radial neck with persistent pain around the elbow joint and tenderness over the neck of the radius, limited range of motion for 12 months. The authors performed an iliac bone graft and temporary K-wire fixation for non-union of the radial neck after an isolated radial neck fracture. CASE PRESENTATION A 54-year-old woman slipped with her hand outstretched 12 months prior to presentation. She was diagnosed with a radial neck fracture, but her injury was eventually diagnosed as a non-union fracture, and she was transferred to our hospital. The patient had tenderness of the radial head and neck and an increasing tendency of pain in the forearm during external rotation with resistance. Flexion was a maximum of 80°, extension was limited to 20°, and internal rotation and external rotation were decreased to 60°. On plain radiographs, a clear radiolucent shadow was present between the bone fragment and radius. After the autogenous iliac bone graft, a temporary K-wire was fixed, and at eight weeks postoperatively, the bone was united. The patient is in the month 24 of postoperative follow-up and is able to perform daily activities without tenderness. CONCLUSION If elbow joint pain, tenderness, and limitation of range of motion are present in non-union of radial neck fracture, surgical treatment is necessary. If there is no injury to the ligament around the elbow or instability, the authors consider bone graft and temporary K-wire fixation as an excellent treatment option for bony union and early exercise of the joint.
Characterization of an Amino Acid Permease from the Endomycorrhizal Fungus Glomus mosseae1[W]

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are capable of exploiting organic nitrogen sources, but the molecular mechanisms that control such an uptake are still unknown. Polymerase chain reaction-based approaches, bioinformatic tools, and a heterologous expression system have been used to characterize a sequence coding for an amino acid permease (GmosAAP1) from the AM fungus Glomus mosseae. The GmosAAP1 shows primary and secondary structures that are similar to those of other fungal amino acid permeases. Functional complementation and uptake experiments in a yeast mutant that was defective in the multiple amino acid uptake system demonstrated that GmosAAP1 is able to transport proline through a proton-coupled, pH- and energy-dependent process. A competitive test showed that GmosAAP1 binds nonpolar and hydrophobic amino acids, thus indicating a relatively specific substrate spectrum. GmosAAP1 mRNAs were detected in the extraradical fungal structures. Transcript abundance was increased upon exposure to organic nitrogen, in particular when supplied at 2 mm concentrations. These findings suggest that GmosAAP1 plays a role in the first steps of amino acid acquisition, allowing direct amino acid uptake from the soil and extending the molecular tools by which AM fungi exploit soil resources.
Comparison of Membrane Filtration and Multiple-Tube Fermentation by the Colilert and Enterolert Methods for Detection of Waterborne Coliform Bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Enterococci Used in Drinking and Bathing Water Quality Monitoring in Southern Sweden

ABSTRACT A total of 338 water samples, 261 drinking water samples and 77 bathing water samples, obtained for routine testing were analyzed in duplicate by Swedish standard methods using multiple-tube fermentation or membrane filtration and by the Colilert and/or Enterolert methods. Water samples came from a wide variety of sources in southern Sweden (Skåne). The Colilert method was found to be more sensitive than Swedish standard methods for detecting coliform bacteria and of equal sensitivity for detecting Escherichia coli when all drinking water samples were grouped together. Based on these results, Swedac, the Swedish laboratory accreditation body, approved for the first time in Sweden use of the Colilert method at this laboratory for the analysis of all water sources not falling under public water regulations (A-krav). The coliform detection study of bathing water yielded anomalous results due to confirmation difficulties. E. coli detection in bathing water was similar by both the Colilert and Swedish standard methods as was fecal streptococcus and enterococcus detection by both the Enterolert and Swedish standard methods.
Ohmic Contact-Free Mobility Measurement in Ultra-Wide Bandgap AlGaN/AlGaN Devices

We measure the electron density dependence of carrier mobility in ultra-wide bandgap Al<sub>0.85</sub>Ga<sub>0.15</sub>N/Al<sub>0.7</sub>Ga<sub>0.3</sub>N heterostructures, using only Au/Pt Schottky contact deposition and without the need for Ohmic contacts. With this technique, we measure mobility over a two-dimensional electron gas density range from 10<sup>10</sup> to 10<sup>13</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> at an AlGaN/AlGaN heterojunction. At room temperature, subthreshold mobility was 4 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs and peak mobility 155 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs. Peak mobility decreased with temperature as T<sup>−0.86</sup> suggesting alloy scattering as the dominant scattering mechanism.
Bactericidal/permeability‐increasing protein inhibits endotoxin‐induced vascular nitric oxide synthesis

Background: Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) up‐regulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in blood vessels during septic shock. This promotes the production of nitric oxide (NO), leading to dilation of the vessels. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the LPS‐binding endogenous antibiotic bactericidal/permeability‐increasing protein (BPI) on the action of LPS on the blood vessels wall and to identify possible influence on underlying NO‐related mechanisms.
Breakthrough Technologies Ef fi cient Generation of Marker-Free Transgenic Rice Plants Using an Improved Transposon-Mediated Transgene Reintegration Strategy 1

State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control and Institute of Virology and Biotechnology (X.G., J.Zho., J.L., X.Z., J.Zha., Y.T., S.Q.), Institute of Crop Science and Nuclear Technology Utilization (D.W.), and Institute of Quality Standards for Agricultural Products (X.C.), Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Q.L., R.X., Q.X.); and Institute of Crop Science (R.Y., J.T.) and Institute of Insect Sciences (Z.Zu., Z.Zh.), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
Neurotransmitter receptors mediating excitatory input to cells in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus. II. Nonlagged cells.

1. We studied the type of receptor for excitatory amino acids (EAA) that mediates visual responses of nonlagged cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) by recording the visual response of single cells to a stationary flashing spot before, during, and after iontophoretical application of antagonists and agonists to EAA receptors. 2. The visual response of the nonlagged cells was strongly suppressed, in a dose-dependent manner, by the specific quisqualate/kainate receptor antagonist 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX). The average degree of suppression was 74%. Quisqualate enhanced the visual response. 3. Specific antagonists to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor had a weak suppressing effect on most nonlagged cells. The average degree of suppression was 22%. Measurement of such weak effects was complicated by the considerable spontaneous fluctuations of responsivity in the LGN cells. In the majority of cells where the visual response was suppressed by NMDA antagonists, the tonic response component was more strongly suppressed than the initial transient response component. The visual response was enhanced by NMDA, and this enhancement was antagonized by NMDA antagonists. 4. These findings suggest that the excitatory input from the retina to nonlagged LGN cells is mainly mediated by non-NMDA receptors. The non-NMDA receptors mediate fast EPSPs, and this can explain the fast onset and offset of the visual response of the nonlagged cells. 5. The generally small contribution from NMDA receptors to the visual response of the nonlagged cells might reflect a minor involvement of these receptors in the retinal input, or it could be related to the excitatory input to LGN from the visual cortex. 6. To study whether the expression of NMDA receptors was related to modulatory brain stem input to LGN, we examined the effects of the NMDA antagonists when the visual response was enhanced with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonists or acetylcholine (ACh). Neither of these pharmacologic manipulations consistently increased the relative contribution of NMDA receptors to the visual response. 7. No pharmacologic difference was found between nonlagged X- and Y-cells, or between ON- and OFF-center cells. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Risk factors associated with early hepatic artery thrombosis after orthotopic liver transplantation – univariable and multivariable analysis

Hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) is a serious complication in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). It is associated with a high graft loss and mortality rate. In this study, possible risk factors associated with early HAT (occurring within the first postoperative month) were evaluated using univariable and multivariable analyses. Nine‐hundred‐and‐fourteen consecutive OLTs in our institution were examined by univariable and multivariable analyses. Early HAT occurred in 43 patients (4.7%). Graft number, abnormal donor arterial anatomy, bench arterial reconstruction, aortic conduit use, multiple anastomoses, reperfusion time (interval between portal vein reperfusion and restoration of arterial flow) and the number of units of blood received intraoperatively were significantly associated with early HAT in the univariable analysis(P < 0.1). These variables were included in a multivariable regression model which showed that bench arterial reconstruction was associated with a fourfold risk of early HAT(P < 0.0001), whereas each additional 10 min delay in reperfusion was associated with a 27% increase in the risk of early HAT (P < 0.04). The main risk factors associated with early HAT are abnormal arterial anatomy in the graft requiring bench reconstruction and a delay in arterial reperfusion. Early recognition of these factors, strict surveillance protocols with arterial Doppler and selective anticoagulation for patients at risk need to be evaluated prospectively.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in Low-Risk Patients: Evidence for Possible Transmission by an Asymptomatic Carrier

Two patients who contracted acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) could not be included in any of the known high-risk groups for this syndrome (ie, they were not homosexual, intravenous [IV] drug abusers, Haitian, or hemophiliacs). Patient 1, however, had regular sexual contact with her husband, an IV drug abuser who is asymptomatic despite a severe T-cell defect (T-helper cells, 33/cu mm; T-helper/T-suppressor ratio, 0.32; and a depressed lymphoproliferative response to mitogens and antigens). We hypothesize that he may be an asymptomatic carrier of an AIDS agent that he transmitted to his wife through intimate heterosexual contact. This mode of sexual transmission may provide a vector for the spread of AIDS to low-risk populations. ( JAMA 1983;250:1310-1312)
Development of an in vitro chemo-radiation response assay for cervical carcinoma.

PURPOSE To determine if synergistic effects of radiation (RT) and chemotherapy (chemo) on human cervical carcinoma cell lines and fresh tumor explants could be determined using an in vitro assay. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In vitro radiation response was determined for 4 cell lines and 26 fresh tumor explants in an agar-based assay. Cells were exposed to increasing doses of RT with or without cisplatin (CDDP), carmustine (BCNU), buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), or paclitaxel (Tax). Cell suspensions were cultured for 5 days, with [(3)H]thymidine added on day 3 and proliferation was measured. Results were reported as the fraction of proliferation compared to control (FC). For each combination of irradiation and drug, synergy was tested using the Chou analysis, where a combination index (CI) <1 indicated synergistic interaction. In simple correlation analysis, an R value of >0.7 indicated cross-resistance. RESULTS RT dose-dependent proliferation inhibition was observed for 2 of the 4 cell lines, and for all but 1 of the fresh specimens. Significant heterogeneity of tumor response to RT was seen. Four specimens that were 1 standard deviation below the median FC response after exposure to 300 cGy were classified as extremely radiation resistant. Twenty-one tumors were evaluated for synergistic response using the combination of chemo and RT with a median FC of 0.27 (+/-0.27) for 6.0 Gy of RT alone, 0.22 (+/-0.21) for CDDP alone, and 0.05 (+/-0.08) for the combination. A CI of 0.35 and an R value of 0.09 demonstrated synergy between chemo and RT without cross-resistance. Similar synergy without cross-resistance was found for RT in combination with BCNU, BSO, and TAX. CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneous RT dose-response relationships in the in vitro assay were demonstrated. Explants were more sensitive to RT than cell lines. Unlike cell lines, fresh tumor cells consistently displayed synergy with RT and chemo. The synergy between RT and BSO suggests that glutathione depletion may enhance the effect of RT. The assay was feasible for examining fresh tumors and may be an important tool for studying RT or drug resistance. Clinical trials to evaluate this assay are indicated.
Public Sentiment and Demand for Used Cars after A Large-Scale Disaster: Social Media Sentiment Analysis with Facebook Pages

There have been various studies analyzing public sentiment after a large-scale disaster. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between public sentiment on social media and its results on people's activities in the real world. In this paper, we conduct a long-term sentiment analysis after the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011 using Facebook Pages with the aim of investigating the correlation between public sentiment and people's actual needs in areas damaged by water disasters. In addition, we try to analyze whether different types of disaster-related communication created different kinds of relationships on people's activities in the physical world. Our analysis reveals that sentiment of geo-info-related communication, which might be affected by sentiment inside a damaged area, had a positive correlation with the prices of used cars in the damaged area. On the other hand, the sentiment of disaster-interest-based-communication, which might be affected more by people who were interested in the disaster, but were outside the damaged area, had a negative correlation with the prices of used cars. The result could be interpreted to mean that when people begin to recover, used-car prices rise because they become more positive in their sentiment. This study suggests that, for long-term disaster-recovery analysis, we need to consider the different characteristics of online communication posted by locals directly affected by the disaster and non-locals not directly affected by the disaster.
[Brainstem auditory evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials in Chiari malformation].

INTRODUCTION Chiari malformations (CM) include a series of congenital anomalies involving the descent of the cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum, which may be associated with compression in the brainstem, upper spinal cord, and cranial nerves, consequently altering the responses of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP). However, only a small number of authors have described the indications of these tests in CM, and study groups to date have been small and heterogeneous. AIM To review the results of BAEPs and SSEPs in published studies of patients with Chiari type 1 malformation (CM-1) or Chiari type 2 malformation (CM-2) as well as the indications of both tests in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of both diseases, especially CM-1. DEVELOPMENT We present a review article analyzing data from all published studies in Medline starting in 1966, located through PubMed, using combinations of the following keywords: 'Chiari malformation', 'Arnold-Chiari malformation', 'Chiari type 1 malformation', 'Arnold-Chiari type 1 malformation', 'evoked potentials', 'brainstem auditory evoked potentials' and 'somatosensory evoked potentials' as well as records of patients with CM-1 from the neurosurgery and neurophysiology departments at the Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron. CONCLUSIONS Common findings of SSEP are a reduction in cortical amplitude from the posterior tibial nerve, a reduction or absence of cervical median nerve potential, and an increased N13-N20 interval. In BAEP, the most frequent findings are an increased I-V interval and a peripheral or cochlear auditory disturbance.
T cell subset alterations in idiopathic glomerulonephritis.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 15 healthy controls and 59 patients with idiopathic glomerulonephritis were studied to determine whether an imbalance exists among human T cell subsets in these diseases. Twenty of the patients studied had a minimal change nephropathy (10 with nephrotic syndrome and 10 in sustained remission); 27 had a membranous glomerulonephritis (12 with nephrotic syndrome, six with isolated proteinuria and nine in complete remission); 12 patients had an IgA glomerulonephritis with heamaturia and mild proteinuria. Monoclonal antibodies directed at human T lymphocyte subsets termed OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8 were used in an indirect immunofluorescence assay in all cases. Patients with minimal change nephropathy, with or without nephrotic syndrome and patients with IgA glomerulonephritis showed mean values of OKT3+ cells (total peripheral T cells), helper OKT4+ cells, suppressor OKT8+ cells and OKT4+/OKT8+ cell ratio, in the normal range. Only the group of patients with membranous glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome presented a mean OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio greater than the normal group (percentages: 2·43±0·3 vs 1·6±0·1 s.e.m.; P<0·02). This increased ratio was due to a reduction in the OKT8+ cell subset compared to the healthy subjects (percentages: 27·6±2·9 vs 36·8±1·4 s.e.m.; P<0·01). Our data shows that the functional lymphocyte disorders previously described in minimal change nephropathy and IgA glomerulonephritis are not due to a numerical imbalance of lymphocyte subsets. Such an imbalance of lymphocyte subsets was specifically observed in membranous glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome. The true significance of this finding has to be clarified by longitudinal studies and functional tests.
The Significance of Hypothiocyanite Production via the Pendrin/DUOX/Peroxidase Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Asthma

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are used as first-line drugs for asthma, and various novel antiasthma drugs targeting type 2 immune mediators are now under development. However, molecularly targeted drugs are expensive, creating an economic burden on patients. We and others previously found pendrin/SLC26A4 as a downstream molecule of IL-13, a signature type 2 cytokine critical for asthma, and showed its significance in the pathogenesis of asthma using model mice. However, the molecular mechanism of how pendrin causes airway inflammation remained elusive. We have recently demonstrated that hypothiocyanite (OSCN−) produced by the pendrin/DUOX/peroxidase pathway has the potential to cause airway inflammation. Pendrin transports thiocyanate (SCN−) into pulmonary lumens at the apical side. Peroxidases catalyze SCN− and H2O2 generated by DUOX into OSCN−. Low doses of OSCN− activate NF-κB in airway epithelial cells, whereas OSCN− in high doses causes necrosis of the cells, inducing the release of IL-33 and accelerating inflammation. OSCN− production is augmented in asthma model mice and possibly in some asthma patients. Heme peroxidase inhibitors, widely used as antithyroid agents, diminish asthma-like phenotypes in mice, indicating the significance of this pathway. These findings suggest the possibility of repositioning antithyroid agents as antiasthma drugs.