Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamical Resonances Accessible Only by Reagent Vibrational Excitation in the F + HD→HF + D Reaction

Access via Vibration Molecular beam studies over the past decade have elucidated many subtle quantum mechanical factors governing the influence of vibrational excitation on the outcome of elementary chemical reactions. However, these studies have generally had to focus on reagents that can be easily made to vibrate by direct absorption in the infrared (IR). Wang et al. (p. 1499) show that a variation on stimulated Raman pumping can efficiently excite the IR-inactive stretch vibration in the diatomic molecule, hydrogen deuteride (HD). As a result, they can probe the influence of that vibration on the outcome of the HD + F reaction. Through a combined spectroscopic and theoretical investigation, they uncover Feshbach resonances along the reaction coordinate that are only accessible through vibrational preexcitation. A protocol for efficient vibrational excitation enabled discovery of an unusual reaction trajectory in a well-studied system. Experimental limitations in vibrational excitation efficiency have previously hindered investigation of how vibrational energy might mediate the role of dynamical resonances in bimolecular reactions. Here, we report on a high-resolution crossed-molecular-beam experiment on the vibrationally excited HD(v = 1) + F → HF + D reaction, in which two broad peaks for backward-scattered HF(v′ = 2 and 3) products clearly emerge at collision energies of 0.21 kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol) and 0.62 kcal/mol from differential cross sections measured over a range of energies. We attribute these features to excited Feshbach resonances trapped in the peculiar HF(v′ = 4)–D vibrationally adiabatic potential in the postbarrier region. Quantum dynamics calculations on a highly accurate potential energy surface show that these resonance states correlate to the HD(v′ = 1) state in the entrance channel and therefore can only be accessed by the vibrationally excited HD reagent.
Bench-top validation testing of selected immunological and molecular Renibacterium salmoninarum diagnostic assays by comparison with quantitative bacteriological culture.

No gold standard assay exhibiting error-free classification of results has been identified for detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of salmonid bacterial kidney disease. Validation of diagnostic assays for R. salmoninarum has been hindered by its unique characteristics and biology, and difficulties in locating suitable populations of reference test animals. Infection status of fish in test populations is often unknown, and it is commonly assumed that the assay yielding the most positive results has the highest diagnostic accuracy, without consideration of misclassification of results. In this research, quantification of R. salmoninarum in samples by bacteriological culture provided a standardized measure of viable bacteria to evaluate analytical performance characteristics (sensitivity, specificity and repeatability) of non-culture assays in three matrices (phosphate-buffered saline, ovarian fluid and kidney tissue). Non-culture assays included polyclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), direct smear fluorescent antibody technique (FAT), membrane-filtration FAT, nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) and three real-time quantitative PCR assays. Injection challenge of specific pathogen-free Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), with R. salmoninarum was used to estimate diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Results did not identify a single assay demonstrating the highest analytical and diagnostic performance characteristics, but revealed strengths and weaknesses of each test.
Functional mapping of the human colour centre with echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging

Clinical studies of cerebral achromatopsia have suggested a colour centre in the human fusiform gyrus. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined whether the fusiform gyrus shows activity correlated with the perception of colour. We tested three stimulus conditions in which the subject maintained fixation: (i) a circular array of six coloured circles; (ii) the same as (i) except that each circle is equiluminant grey with its colour counterpart; and (iii) the same as (i) plus a clockwise shift of circles to neighbouring positions every 1 s. After termination of the stimulus, the subject perceived an after-image of circles with complementary colours in (i), but not in (iii). In condition (i), we found a focal signal increase in the posterior part of the fusiform gyrus. In condition (ii), the activation in the same locus during the stimulation period was weaker than that in (i). In condition (iii), the signal intensity after termination of the stimulus was weaker than that in (i). The colour effect and after-effect on activation of the fusiform gyrus observed here suggest its critical role in human colour perception.
Fluid responsiveness predicted by elevation of PEEP in patients with septic shock

The assessment of whether a patient is fluid responsive can be difficult in clinical practice. Invasive filling pressures are inadequate indicators of preload and fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients. Dynamic indices may be unreliable in clinical practice because of arrhythmias or spontaneous breathing efforts. Elevation of positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) causes cardiorespiratory interactions, which may produce signs of hypovolaemia. Our aim was to assess whether haemodynamic changes during a short elevation of PEEP would predict fluid responsiveness in patients with septic shock.
Spermatogonial apoptosis has three morphologically recognizable phases and shows no circadian rhythm during normal spermatogenesis in the rat

Abstract. In this study we examined the possibility that regular or circadian fluctuations occur in the frequency of spontaneous spermatogonial apoptosis. Apoptosis of A2, A3 and A4 type spermatogonia occurring spontaneously in the normal rat testis was studied by light and electron microscopy. Normal and apoptotic A3 spermatogonia were quantified in 36 animals killed at two‐hourly intervals over a 24 h period. Three sequential phases of spermatogonial apoptosis were defined and quantified separately: (i) an early phase in which cells showed margination of nuclear chromatin, (ii) an intermediate phase in which phagocytosed apoptotic bodies were partly degraded and (iii) a late phase in which only debris of degraded apoptotic bodies was evident. Groups of spermatogonia linked by intercellular bridges underwent apoptosis synchronously. Normal and apoptotic A3 spermatogonia occurred at a mean frequency of 33.4 and 9.6 per 10 seminiferous tubule profiles respectively; there was a large variation in these frequencies between animals, but no peaks or circadian periodicity were detected. Progressive degradation of apoptotic bodies was evident, the average ratios of intermediate and late bodies to early bodies being 1.5 and 3.5, respectively. Absence of a circadian rhythm in these data does not exclude the possibility that initiation of apoptosis in susceptible spermatogonial clones is synchronous, and that affected clones undergo lag periods of differing duration before expressing morphological apoptosis.
ATP binding cassette transporter G5 and G8 genotypes and plasma lipoprotein levels before and after treatment with atorvastatin Published, JLR Papers in Press, January 1, 2004. DOI 10.1194/jlr.M300278-JLR200

The mechanisms responsible for interindividual variation in response to statin therapy remain uncertain. It has been shown that hepatic cholesterol synthesis is associated with ATP binding cassette transporter G5 and G8 (ABCG5/8) activities. To test the hypothesis that genetic variation in ABCG5/8 might influence the plasma lipid response to statin therapy, we examined five nonsynonymous polymorphisms at the ABCG5/8 loci (Q604E, D19H, Y54C, T400K, and A632V) in 338 hypercholesterolemic patients treated with 10 mg atorvastatin. In carriers of the D19H variant, means of posttreatment values and adjusted percent reductions in LDL cholesterol (LDLC) were significantly lower (P = 0.028) and greater (P = 0.036) (112 mg/dl, 39.7%) than those of noncarriers (119 mg/dl, 36.2%), respectively, while no significant difference was observed in percent reductions in total cholesterol. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed significant and independent associations with absolute or percent reduction between D19H genotype and posttreatment LDL cholesterol levels. The other polymorphisms were not significantly associated with treatment effects. These results suggest that, in patients with hypercholesterolemia, the ABCG8 D19H variant is associated with greater LDLC-lowering response to atorvastatin therapy.
Effect of realistic sea surface movements in achieving full‐view coverage camera sensor network

In stationary camera sensor networks (CSNs), when the deployment characteristics and sensing models are defined, the coverage can be deduced and remain unchanged over time. However, in the maritime environment, the rough and random sea condition can move CSN from the initial location. We envisage that camera sensors are mounted on quasi‐mobile platforms such as buoys. Hence, it is important to understand the effect of realistic sea surface movements in achieving full‐view coverage because in full‐view coverage, target's facing direction is taken into account to judge whether a target is guaranteed to be captured because image shot at the frontal viewpoint of a given target considerably increases the possibility to detect and recognize the target. To accurately emulate the maritime environment, the movement of the buoy, which is attached with a cable that is nailed at the sea floor, has been characterized based on the sea wave that is created by the wind, and it is limited by the cable. The average percentage of full‐view coverage has been evaluated based on different parameters such as equilateral triangle grid length, sensing radius of camera, wind speed and wave height. Furthermore, a method to improve the target detection and recognition has been proposed in the presence of poor link quality using cooperative transmission with low power consumption. In some parameter scenario, the cooperative transmission method has achieved around 70% improvement in the average percentage of full‐view coverage of a given target and total reduction of around 13% for the total transmission power PTotal(Q). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating the Off‐farm Labor Supply in Canada

Off-farm labor supply in Canada is modeled using separate off-farm labor participation and off-farm labor supply equations, which allows variables to affect participation and labor supply differently. The data used in this study are from Statistics Canada's Agriculture-Population Linkage Database, which links the Population Census for 1986 to a 20% sample from the Census of Agriculture. Results indicate that age, education and wages have large, significant and opposite effects on participation and supply, and that government efforts to stabilize and supplement farm incomes through rural employment programs may have less effect on labor allocation decisions than do the underlying demographic factors and regional and farm characteristics. Nous modelisons id les disponibilites d'emploi exterieur (hors-ferme) pour les agriculteurs, utilisant des equations distinctes pour la participation aux emplois exterieurs et pour l'offre des emplois exterieurs, ce qui permet de laisser les variables influer differemment sur les deux elements. Les donees utilisees proviennent de la base de donnees de Statistique Canada sur le couplage agriculture-population, laquelle relie le recensement de la population de 1986 a un echantillon de 20 % preleve sur le recensement de l'agriculture. Les resultats font voir que l'âge, le niveau de scolarisation et les salaires ont de grands effets, significatifs mais opposes, sur l'utilisation et sur les disponibilites d'emplois exterieurs et que les initiatives de‘Etat pour stabiliser et completer le revenu agricole au moyen de programmes d'emploi rural auraient mains d'effets sur les decisions d'attribution des emplois que les facteurs sous-jacents relevant de la demographie et des caracteristiques particulieres de chaque region et exploitation.
Aurora-A Is a Critical Regulator of Microtubule Assembly and Nuclear Activity in Mouse Oocytes, Fertilized Eggs, and Early Embryos1

Abstract Aurora-A is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in cell-cycle regulation. The activity of this kinase has been shown to be required for regulating multiple stages of mitotic progression in somatic cells. In this study, the changes in aurora-;A expression were revealed in mouse oocytes using Western blotting. The subcellular localization of aurora-A during oocyte meiotic maturation, fertilization, and early cleavages as well as after antibody microinjection or microtubule assembly perturbance was studied with confocal microscopy. The quantity of aurora-A protein was high in the germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase II (MII) oocytes and remained stable during other meiotic maturation stages. Aurora-A concentrated in the GV before meiosis resumption, in the pronuclei of fertilized eggs, and in the nuclei of early embryo blastomeres. Aurora-A was localized to the spindle poles of the meiotic spindle from the metaphase I (MI) stage to metaphase II stage. During early embryo development, aurora-A was found in association with the mitotic spindle poles. Aurora-A was not found in the spindle region when colchicine or staurosporine was used to inhibit microtubule organization, while it accumulated as several dots in the cytoplasm after taxol treatment. Aurora-A antibody microinjection decreased the rate of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and distorted MI spindle organization. Our results indicate that aurora-A is a critical regulator of cell-cycle progression and microtubule organization during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation, fertilization, and early embryo cleavage.
Optimizing Cold Water Immersion for Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia: A Meta-analysis.

PURPOSE Cold water immersion (CWI) provides rapid cooling in events of exertional heat stroke. Optimal procedures for CWI in the field are not well established. This meta-analysis aimed to provide structured analysis of the effectiveness of CWI on the cooling rate in healthy adults subjected to exercise-induced hyperthermia. METHODS An electronic search (December 2014) was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science. The mean difference of the cooling rate between CWI and passive recovery was calculated. Pooled analyses were based on a random-effects model. Sources of heterogeneity were identified through a mixed-effects model Q statistic. Inferential statistics aggregated the CWI cooling rate for extrapolation. RESULTS Nineteen studies qualified for inclusion. Results demonstrate CWI elicited a significant effect: mean difference, 0.03°C·min(-1); 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.04°C·min(-1). A conservative, observed estimate of the CWI cooling rate was 0.08°C·min(-1) across various conditions. CWI cooled individuals twice as fast as passive recovery. Subgroup analyses revealed that cooling was more effective (Q test P < 0.10) when preimmersion core temperature ≥38.6°C, immersion water temperature ≤10°C, ambient temperature ≥20°C, immersion duration ≤10 min, and using torso plus limbs immersion. There is insufficient evidence of effect using forearms/hands CWI for rapid cooling: mean difference, 0.01°C·min(-1); 95% confidence interval, -0.01°C·min(-1) to 0.04°C·min(-1). A combined data summary, pertaining to 607 subjects from 29 relevant studies, was presented for referencing the weighted cooling rate and recovery time, aiming for practitioners to better plan emergency procedures. CONCLUSIONS An optimal procedure for yielding high cooling rates is proposed. Using prompt vigorous CWI should be encouraged for treating exercise-induced hyperthermia whenever possible, using cold water temperature (approximately 10°C) and maximizing body surface contact (whole-body immersion).
Release and Consumption of DMSP from Emiliania Huxleyi during grazing by Oxyrrhis Marina

College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oceanography Administration Bldg. I04, Oregon State University, Corvallis,Oregon 97331-5503, USAABSTRACT: Degradation and release to solution of intraceltular dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP)from Emiliania huxleyi 370 was observed during grazing by the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhismarina in 24 h bottle incubations. Between 30 and 70 % of the lost algal DMSP was metabolized by thegrazers without production of dimethylsulfide (DMS) when grazer densities were 150 to 450 ml-i. Therest was released to solution and about 30 % was converted to DMS by bacteria associated with thegrazer culture. These experiments demonstrate that grazing by herbivorous protists may be an impor-tant sink for DMSP in marine waters, removing a potential source of DMS. Microzooplankton grazingmay also indirectly increase the production of DMS by transferring algal DMSP to the dissolved pool,making it available for bacterial metabolism•KEY WORDS: DMSP -DMS -Flagellate -Herbivory • Microbial loopg_iL. 7,
Release of LH by estradiol in cycling ewes.

Blood samples were collected periodically for 2 days after an intramuscular injection of 1 mg of estradiol into parous ewes on Day 3 or 10 of the estrous cycle (estrus = day 0). Plasma LH was determined by radioimmunoassay. For blood samples collected before the estradiol injections and after control injections of corn oil, the average basal LH concentrations were 0.48 ng/ml of plasma for 19 ewes with intact uteri (55 plasma samples), and 0.44 ng for 15 hysterectomized ewes (44 samples). Following the iniection of estradiol on Day 3, plasma LH peaked at about 26 ng/ml #{228} roximately 20 hr postirt)ection in act ewes and at about 16 ng per ml at 21 hr in hysterectomized ewes. Four of eight ini i and three of five hysterectornizea ewes ovu1aI L. ,out there was no ret n however, the stage of the estrous cycle that the estradiol was administered did influence the efficacy of estradiol to cause LH release.
Thymidylate synthase gene of herpesvirus ateles

The putative thymidylate synthase (TS) gene of herpesvirus ateles, a T-lymphotropic tumor virus of New World primates, has a single large open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 32.9 kilodaltons. The gene is transcribed into an unspliced 2.4-kilobase mRNA that is abundantly expressed late in virus replication. The AT-rich 5' untranslated leader sequence of TS mRNA in herpesvirus ateles-infected cells is remarkable in length (1,184 nucleotides), containing 29 minicistrons; this may indicate a role in translation regulation.
Posttranscriptional Control of Gene Expression in Yeast

SUMMARY Studies of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have greatly advanced our understanding of the posttranscriptional steps of eukaryotic gene expression. Given the wide range of experimental tools applicable to S. cerevisiae and the recent determination of its complete genomic sequence, many of the key challenges of the posttranscriptional control field can be tackled particularly effectively by using this organism. This article reviews the current knowledge of the cellular components and mechanisms related to translation and mRNA decay, with the emphasis on the molecular basis for rate control and gene regulation. Recent progress in characterizing translation factors and their protein-protein and RNA-protein interactions has been rapid. Against the background of a growing body of structural information, the review discusses the thermodynamic and kinetic principles that govern the translation process. As in prokaryotic systems, translational initiation is a key point of control. Modulation of the activities of translational initiation factors imposes global regulation in the cell, while structural features of particular 5′ untranslated regions, such as upstream open reading frames and effector binding sites, allow for gene-specific regulation. Recent data have revealed many new details of the molecular mechanisms involved while providing insight into the functional overlaps and molecular networking that are apparently a key feature of evolving cellular systems. An overall picture of the mechanisms governing mRNA decay has only very recently begun to develop. The latest work has revealed new information about the mRNA decay pathways, the components of the mRNA degradation machinery, and the way in which these might relate to the translation apparatus. Overall, major challenges still to be addressed include the task of relating principles of posttranscriptional control to cellular compartmentalization and polysome structure and the role of molecular channelling in these highly complex expression systems.
Collectivism versus individualism in Dutch employment relations

From a very centralistic and collectivistic tradition after World War Two, Dutch employment relations now show a trend towards radical decentralisation and individualisation. What might be the consequences of this trend for labour relations? Do developments still fit within a movement towards `organised decentralisation’ or will the existing system of labour relations be hollowed out and destroyed? And what will be the consequences for ER management at company level? We present empirical data on how companies deal with their decentralised and individualised employment relations. It appears that, in the main areas such as labour contracts, working time arrangements, reward systems and development plans, decentralisation and individualisation are taking place. It has also become clear that management as well as workers support this and that a new form of negotiation between them is developing at workplace level, resulting in what we call `third contracts’ that are additional to the initial labour contract and the collective agreement. Our results also highlight the pragmatic way in which companies deal with these decentralised and individualised employment relations, which, nevertheless, remain linked to the national and collective levels of bargaining. Within the multilevel system of Dutch employment relations a new balance between collectivism and individualism is emerging.
Role of the pro‐α2(I) COOH‐terminal region in assembly of type I collagen: Truncation of the last 10 amino acid residues of pro‐α2(I) chain prevents assembly of type I collagen heterotrimer

Procollagen (Type I) contains a noncollagenous COOH‐terminal propeptide (C‐propeptide) hypothesized to be important in directing chain association and alignment during assembly. We previously expressed human pro‐α2(I) cDNA in rat liver epithelial cells, W8, that produce only pro‐α1(I) trimer collagen (Lim et al. [1994] MatrixBiol. 14: 21–30). In the resulting cell lines, α2(I) assembled with α1(I) forming heterotrimers. Using this cell system, we investigated the importance of the COOH‐terminal propeptide sequence of the pro‐α2(I) chain for normal assembly of type I collagen. Full‐length human pro‐α2(I) cDNA was cloned into expression vectors with a premature stop signal eliminating the final 10 amino acids. No triple‐helical molecules containing α2(I) were detected in transfected W8 cells, although pro‐α2(I) mRNA was detected. Additional protein analysis demonstrated that these cells synthesize small amounts of truncated pro‐α2(I) chains detected by immunoprecipitation with a pro‐α2(I) antibody. In addition, since the human‐rat collagen was less thermostable than normal intraspecies collagen, wild‐type and C‐terminal truncated mouse cDNAs were expressed in mouse D2 cells, which produced only type I trimers. Results from both systems were consistent, suggesting that the last 10 amino acid residues of the pro‐α2(I) chain are important for formation of stable type I collagen. J. Cell. Biochem. 71:216–232, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.