Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TO VISUAL THREAT ! ! ! ! 1 ! 1 ! 2 ! Autonomic arousal and attentional orienting to visual threat are predicted by awareness . 3 ! 4 !

1! The rapid detection and evaluation of threat is of fundamental importance for survival. 2! Theories suggest that this evolutionary pressure has driven functional adaptations in a 3! specialized visual pathway that evaluates threat independently of conscious awareness. This 4! is supported by evidence that threat-relevant stimuli rendered invisible by backward masking 5! can induce physiological fear responses and modulate spatial attention. The validity of these 6! findings has since been questioned by research using stringent, objective measures of 7! awareness. Here, we use a modified continuous flash suppression paradigm to ask whether 8! threatening images induce adaptive changes in autonomic arousal, attention or perception 9! when presented outside of awareness. In trials where stimuli broke suppression to become 10! visible, threatening stimuli induced a significantly larger skin conductance response than 11! non-threatening stimuli and attracted spatial attention over scrambled images. However, 12! these effects were eliminated in trials where observers were unaware of the stimuli. 13! Additionally, concurrent behavioural data provided no evidence that threatening images 14! gained prioritised access to awareness. Taken together, our data suggest that the evaluation 15! and spatial detection of visual threat are predicted by awareness. 16!
COMPARISON OF THERMAL SHOCK BEHAVIOR OF NANO-7 YSZ , 15 YSZ AND 5 . 5 SYSZ THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS PRODUCED BY APS METHOD

Nanostructured scandia, yttria doped zirconia (SYSZ), 7 wt. % yttria stabilized zirconia (7YSZ) and 15YSZ thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were produced by plasma spraying on nickel-based superalloy substrates with NiCrAlY as the bond coat. The thermal shock behavior of the three as-sprayed TBCs at 1000°C was investigated. The results indicated that the thermal cycling lifetime of SYSZ and 7YSZ TBCs was longer than the 15YSZ TBCs due to the lower thermal mismatch stress between the ceramic layer and the metallic layer at high temperature and higher amount of tetragonal phase.
Consequences of flexible employment at labour market entry for early career development in the Netherlands

In this article it is investigated to what extent flexible employment at labour market entry negatively affects the early career of school-leavers in the Netherlands in the period 1986–2008. Additionally, the question is raised to what extent educational differences exist in this relationship. To answer these questions, Dutch panel data from the OSA Labour Supply Panel are analysed. The results correspond with previous findings from studies on other European countries, supporting the stepping-stone rather than the entrapment hypothesis. A flexible start in the Dutch labour market increases the likelihood of repeated flexible employment and unemployment in the early career, and coincides with less occupational status development and income growth. However, the detrimental effects of flexible employment at labour market entry are only temporary and diminish after some years. Furthermore, no evidence is found for the existence of educational differences in the negative effects of flexible employment at labour market entry.
Global tropospheric ozone variations from 2003 to 2011 as seen by SCIAMACHY

Abstract. An analysis of the tropospheric ozone (O3) columns (TOCs) derived from SCIAMACHY limb-nadir-matching (LNM) observations during the period 2003–2011, focusing on global variations in TOC, is described. The changes are derived using a multivariate linear regression model. TOC shows changes of −0.2 ± 0.4, 0.3 ± 0.4, 0.1 ± 0.5 and 0.1 ± 0.2 % yr−1, which are not statistically significant at the 2σ level in the latitude bands 30–50° N, 20° S–0, 0–20° N and 50–30° S, respectively. Tropospheric O3 shows statistically significant increases over some regions of South Asia (1–3 % yr−1), the South American continent (up to 2 % yr−1), Alaska (up to 2 % yr−1) and around Congo in Africa (up to 2 % yr−1). Significant increase in TOC is determined off the continents including Australia (up to 2 % yr−1), Eurasia (1–3 % yr−1) and South America (up to 3 % yr−1). Significant decrease in TOC (up to −3 % yr−1) is observed over some regions of the continents of North America, Europe and South America. Over the oceanic regions including the Pacific, North Atlantic and Indian oceans, significant decreases in TOC (−1 to −3 % yr−1) were observed. In addition, the response of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) to changes in TOC for the period 2003–2011 was investigated. The result shows extensive regions, mostly in the tropics and Northern Hemisphere extratropics, of significant ENSO responses to changes in TOC and a significant QBO response to TOC changes over some regions.
Existence, multiplicity and behaviour of solutions of some elliptic differential equations of higher order

We are interested in questions related with existence, multiplicity, positivity and behaviour of solutions of elliptic boundary value problems of second and higher order. In general problems (−∆)u = f in Ω ⊂ R, ∂/(∂ν)u = 0 on ∂Ω, where m > 1, 0 ≤ j ≤ m− 1 do not satisfy a maximum principle or the positivity preserving property. We will show that for domains near to a circle positivity preserving property is satisfied. Then we will give some results of existence and multiplicity of solutions of the Steklov problem of second and fourth order. Finally we will characterize singular radial solutions of ∆u = λe in the unit disk, with boundary conditions u = ∂u/∂ν = 0. We will show that its radial singular solutions are weakly singular, it means limr→0 ru ′(r) ∈ R exists.
Developing a Facility Location Model for Reducing Costs Before and After Enemy Attack

Site selection is one of the main principles of the passive defense. A multiple objective and nonlinear programming formulation which considers the principles of passive defense site selection according to both qualitative and quantitative aspects is proposed in this paper. The aim is to reduce the site selection costs while the security of network formed by the facilities is maximized, and to reduce the costs of the network after being attacked. To solve the proposed model, a GA-TOPSIS method is proposed.
EVALUATION OF SUBCONJUNCTIVAL HEMORRHAGE IN ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS

Introduction: To evaluate the clinical and demographic characteristics of elderly patients with subconjunctival haemorrhage Materials and Method: We evaluated 47 patients >60 years of age with subconjunctival haemorrhage who were admitted to our clinic. Various parameters were recorded, including age, gender, affected eye, haemorrhage localization, subconjunctival haemorrhage recurrence, presence of systemic and heart diseases, previous ocular surgery, drug use and presence of additional symptoms. Results: Among the 47 patients, 27 (57.4%) were male and the mean age was 67.96 ± 6.71 (range, 60–88) years. The left eye was affected in 23 cases (48.9%) and the right eye in 22 cases (46.8%). In total, 26 patients were taking antithrombotic medications associated with an increased risk of subconjunctival haemorrhage. Among these patients, 15 (57.7%) were taking aspirin, ten (38.5%) were taking warfarin and one (3.8%) was taking clopidogrel. Symptoms capable of inducing haemorrhage were observed in 23 cases (48.9%). These comprised itchiness, which can cause minor ocular trauma (19 cases, 82%), coughing (three cases, 13%) and constipation (one case, 4.35). Hypertension was the most commonly observed condition in the study population. Subconjunctival haemorrhage most frequently presented in the nasal region of the eye (51.1%). Recurrence of subconjunctival haemorrhage was not significantly associated with systemic disease, concurrent medication or itchiness. Conclusion: The majority of elderly patients with non-traumatic subconjunctival haemorrhage were males, and non-traumatic subconjunctival haemorrhage was most frequently observed in the nasal region of the eye. The parameters most frequently associated with subconjunctival haemorrhage were hypertension and aspirin use.
Life Expectancy Comparison between a Study Cohort and a Reference Population

Questions of life expectancy are highly relevant in clinical practice, in particular if one is interested in the life expectancy loss due to a certain disease in comparison with the general population. Therefore, we propose a methodology which enables the researcher to compare more easily life expectancies between a study cohort and a reference population. Firstly, we take the formula commonly used in official statistics and adapt it to a survival analytic setting, thus establishing a link between official statistics and survival analysis. Further, we discuss two commonly encountered sources of potentially severe bias, and how to remedy them. We hope that the proposed approach facilitates the use of life tables, particularly in clinical studies with mortality as primary endpoint.
The failed state transition of the ATOLL source GRS 1724-308

The 2004-2012 X-ray time history of the NS LMXB GRS 1724-308 shows, along with the episodic brightenings associated to the low-high state transitions typical of the ATOLL sources, a peculiar, long lasting (about 300 d) flaring event, observed in 2008. This rare episode, characterised by a high-flux hard state, has never been observed before for GRS 1724-308 , and in any case is not common among ATOLL sources. We discuss here different hypotheses on the origin of this peculiar event that displayed the spectral signatures of a failed transition, similar in shape and duration to those rarely observed in Black Hole binaries. We also suggest the possibility that the atypical flare occurred in coincidence with a new rising phase of the 12-years super-orbital modulation that has been previously reported by other authors. The analysed data also confirm for GRS 1724-308 the already reported orbital period of about 90 d.
Title Growth , Exploitation and Class Inequalities

This paper provides a formal dynamic analysis of exploitation, class inequalities and profits. A stylised model of a capitalist economy with two classes workers and capitalists is considered which extends Roemer [26, 27]. First, a dynamic generalisation of a key Marxian insight is provided by proving that the profitability of capitalist production is synonimous with the existence of exploitation. Second, it is shown that, in a competitive environment, asset inequalities are fundamental for the emergence of exploitation, but they are not sufficient for its persistence, both in equilibria with accumulation and growth, and, perhaps more surprisingly, in stationary intertemporal equilibrium paths. Finally, it is shown that labour-saving technical progress may yield persistent exploitation by ensuring the persistent abundance of labour. JEL classification: E11 (Marxian, Sraffian, Kaleckian), D51 (Exchange and Production Economies), D63 (Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement), C61 (Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis); B24 (Socialist; Marxist).
Society Empowerment and Its Relation with the Productivity of Hutan Tanaman Rakyat (HTR)-Based Production Forest in Indonesia

One of six prioritized policies of forestry development in Indonesia is Revitalization of Forest Utilization and Forest Industry. The development of plantation, both industrial plantation and people plantation are a kind of way to satisfy the national wood industry needs. Hutan Tanaman Rakyat or HTR ( Hutan Tanaman Rakyat , in Indonesian, or Plantation Forest Folk) is a plantation developed by a group of people in regard to improve potencies and qualities of production forest by applying silviculture which assures the forest resource preservation. HTR policy is Governmental policy aiming at alleviating poverty (pro-poor), creating job vacancy (pro-job) and improving growth quality though proportional investment between economic agents (pro-growth). This study aims at exploring society empowerment and the productivity of production forest products in HTR . This study employs survey method. This study is located in area of HTR throughout Indonesia, distributed in 26 Provinces in Indonesia starting from Aceh to Papua. Population in this study is region/ Regency implementing HTR development in Indonesia. Total population is 127 regions/regencies. Analysis unit (respondent) is Head of Forestry Service and Head of Society Empowerment, Market, Cooperative, and SME (to be noted, each region has different office name). Data analysis technique used is Cluster Analysis, Chi Square Cross Tabulation, and Factor Analysis. The result show The result of cluster analysis by Non-Hierarchical Cluster with Euclidean Distance showing 68 regencies classified in low productivity, 28 regencies classified in moderate productivity, and 31 regencies classified in high productivity. There is a relation between society empowerment and forest productivity. If the regency is able to implement society empowerment program well, it can produce good forest productivity. In contrast, if the regency cannot implement society empowerment well, forest productivity surely cannot be produced well. Factual data based on the table above proves it. Based on the empowerment variable, indicator of authority is the most dominant one as success or failure measurement of society empowerment. The authority states that forest group/society is given authority to change attitude or spirit (work ethics) to be their own. Therefore, they think that the change performed is the result of product of their willingness to achieve better change. Keywords: Society Empowerment, Productivity, HTR
Arthralgia in Breast Cancer Survivors: An Integrative Review of Endocrine Therapy

Conclusions: AIs result in a higher incidence of arthralgia compared to tamoxifen. All breast cancer survivors commencing AI therapy should undergo a baseline assessment to identify any increased risk of arthralgia. All women on AIs should have their vitamin D levels checked before beginning AIs and annually thereafter. Many women may need higher doses of vitamin D supplementation than normally recommended. All women taking AIs should be advised on self-help strategies to alleviate pain, such as walking and yoga.
DD-Classifier: Nonparametric Classification Procedure Based on DD-Plot

Using the DD-plot (depth vs. depth plot), we introduce a new nonparametric classification algorithm and call it DD-classifier. The algorithm is completely nonparametric, and it requires no prior knowledge of the underlying distributions or the form of the separating curve. Thus, it can be applied to a wide range of classification problems. The algorithm is completely data driven and its classification outcome can be easily visualized in a two-dimensional plot regardless of the dimension of the data. Moreover, it has the advantage of bypassing the estimation of underlying parameters such as means and scales, which is often required by the existing classification procedures. We study the asymptotic properties of the DD-classifier and its misclassification rate. Specifically, we show that DD-classifier is asymptotically equivalent to the Bayes rule under suitable conditions, and it can achieve Bayes error for a family broader than elliptical distributions. The performance of the classifier is also examined using simulated and real datasets. Overall, the DD-classifier performs well across a broad range of settings, and compares favorably with existing classifiers. It can also be robust against outliers or contamination.
Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications: An International Journal of Computation and Methodology

This articlepresents a numerical analysis ofthe two-dimensional hyperbolicheat conduction problem in an anisotropic medium under a point heat source with different boundary conditions. A simple model has been devetoped to soloe the anisotropic problem. In this analysis, the second-order total variation diminishing (TVD) scheme is employed to solve this problem. The effects of boundary conditions and anisotropy on the thermal wave induced by different types ofheat sources in the medium are examined in detail. The results show that the transient behavior ofthe propagation ofthe two-dimensional thermal wave is much more complicated than thsu of the one-dimensional thermal wave due to a circular waveformed to propagate uniformly in aUdirections, reflections by boundaries, interaction with each other, and serious discontinuity on the wavefront.
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp.] seed proteins: Heterogeneity in total proteins and protein fractions

Eleven genotypes of V. unguiculata were screened for variability in total proteins and various protein fractions viz. albumins, globulins, prolamins and glutelins by using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic pattern showed the molecular heterogeneity among total proteins as well as various protein fractions. The molecular weights of protein bands obtained by SDS-PAGE varied between 10 to 141.3, 15.85 to 147.9, 10 to 125.9, 7.94 to 56.23 and 10 to 79.43 kDa for total proteins, albumins, globulins, prolamins and glutelins, respectively. Most of the bands were common to the different genotypes indicating their close relationship with one another. However, a few bands unique to some particular genotypes were also observed showing the varietal differences. Cluster analysis based on total proteins and various protein fractions provided evidence for differences among the varieties collected from different agroclimatic zones of India. The observations revealed that seed protein polymorphism provides a useful information regarding variability among genotypes under investigation which could be helpful for breeding purposes in the improvement of protein quality and quantity in grain legumes.
BRAGG PEAK SHAPE PARAMETERS AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVING THE -VALUE ESTIMATION

It is shown, for the first time in a systematic way, that by employing experimental constraints on the shape parameters of the Bragg peak, along with its position, the accuracy in empirical estimation of the mean ionization potential of the stopping medium can be improved. The particular case considered in the present work has a high relevance for hadrontherapy, namely beams of 12 C ions stopped in water targets. Experimental data at 12 incident beam energies in the range of interest for therapy are compared with the numerical simulations performed with the FLUKA and PHITS computer codes. For each data set a narrow range of values for the mean ionization potential of water is obtained.
The Effect of Listening Strategy Instruction on Iranian Pre-intermediate EFL Learners’ Listening ability

Listening comprehension plays an important role in the process of language learning as it is one of the four major skills in language acquisition. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of listening strategy instruction on improving listening comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. To achieve this goal, forty students studying at Birjand University were participated in the current study. All of thestudents were within the age range of 18 to 22. Then, they were non-randomly divided into two groups, as a control and an experimental group. Theexperimental was taught based on a guide lesson plan regarding listening strategies while the control group did not receive any treatment. The listening section of TOEFL was utilized to measure the listening performance of the participants before and after the treatment. The results of Independent Samples Test indicated thatinstructing listening strategies had no significant impact onlistening comprehension of Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners.
Coseismic slip in the 2010 Yushu earthquake (China), constrained by wide-swath and strip-map InSAR

Abstract. On 14 April 2010, an Mw = 6.9 earthquake occurred in the Yushu county of China, which caused ~3000 people to lose their lives. Integrated with the information from the observed surface ruptures and aftershock locations, the faulting pattern of this earthquake is derived from the descending wide-swath and ascending strip mode PALSAR data collected by ALOS satellite. We used a layered crustal model and stress drop smoothing constraint to infer the coseismic slip distribution. Our model suggests that the earthquake fault can be divided into four segments and the slip mainly occurs within the upper 12 km with a maximum slip of 2.0 m at depth of 3 km on the Jiegu segment. The rupture of the upper 12 km is dominated by left-lateral strike-slip motion. The relatively small slip along the SE region of Yushu segment suggests a slip deficit there. The inverted geodetic moment is approximately Mw = 6.9, consistent with the seismological results. The average stress drop caused by the earthquake is about 2 MPa with a maximum stress drop of 8.3 MPa. Furthermore, the calculated static Coulomb stress changes in surrounding regions show increased Coulomb stress occurred in the SE region along the Yushu segment but with less aftershock, indicating an increased seismic hazard in this region after the earthquake.
Alternative Over-Identifying Restriction Test in GMM with Grouped Moment Conditions

This paper proposes a new over-identifying restriction test called the diagonal J test in the generalized method of moments (GMM) framework. Different from the conventional over-identifying restriction test, where the sample covariance matrix of moment conditions is used in the weighting matrix, the proposed test uses a block diagonal weighting matrix constructed from the efficient optimal weighting matrix. We show that the proposed test statistic asymptotically follows a weighted sum of chi-square distributions with one degree of freedom. Since we need to decompose the moment conditions into groups when implementing the proposed test, we propose two methods to split the moment conditions. The first is to use K-means method that is widely used in the cluster analysis. The second is to utilize the special structure of moment conditions where they are available sequentially. Such a case typically appears in the panel data models. We also conduct a local power analysis of the diagonal J test in the context of dynamic panel data models, and show that the proposed test has almost the same power as the standard J test in some specific cases. Monte Carlo simulation reveals that the proposed test has substantially better size property than the standard test does, while having almost no power loss in comparison to the standard test when it has no size distortions.