Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of uncoupled and non-coupled oxidations in maintenance of safely low levels of oxygen and its one-electron reductants

Abstract To proceed at a high rate, phosphorylating respiration requires ADP to be available. In the resting state, when the energy consumption is low, the ADP concentration decreases so that phosphorylating respiration ceases. This may result in an increase in the intracellular concentrations of O2 as well as of one-electron O2 reductants such as These two events should dramatically enhance non-enzymatic formation of reactive oxygen species, i.e. of , and OHׁ, and, hence, the probability of oxidative damage to cellular components. In this paper, a concept is put forward proposing that non-phosphorylating (uncoupled or non-coupled) respiration takes part in maintenance of low levels of both O2 and the O2 reductants when phosphorylating respiration fails to do this job due to lack of ADP. In particular, it is proposed that some increase in the H+ leak of mitochondrial membrane in State 4 lowers , stimulates O2 consumption and decreases the level of which otherwise accumulates and serves as one-electron O2 reductant. In this connection, the role of natural uncouplers (thyroid hormones), recouplers (male sex hormones and progesterone), non-specific pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and apoptosis, as well as of non-coupled electron transfer chains in plants and bacteria will be considered.
Possibilities and limitations of acoustic surface tracking

Nortek has improved upon its AWAC, a current and wave measurement sensor package, by introducing a vertical, acoustic beam that detects the surface. This added functionality allows for directly measuring waves as opposed to inferring wave estimates from truncated wave energy spectra. Traditionally, wave measurements from bottom-mounted instruments, such as the combined pressure-velocity (PUV) approach, are limited in their frequency response. This is due to attenuation of the surface signal with increasing depth. Recent advances employ the alternative solution of measuring orbital velocities close to the surface and employ the maximum likelihood method (MLM) estimate technique (Krogstad et al., 1988). This improves the accuracy at higher frequencies. However, for deployment depths of 20 meters or deeper, these methods cannot resolve waves periods that are 3 seconds or shorter. Moreover, these bottom-mounted systems do not measure the real surface time series, which makes it difficult to calculate extreme value statistics. The introduction of acoustic surface tracking (AST) with the vertical acoustic beam has permitted the AWAC to measure waves in deeper waters with greater accuracy and extended frequency response. This work provides a closer look at the frequency response of the AST and when it is permissible to use it to determine water level.
Increase in liver pigmentation during natural hibernation in some amphibians

The amount/distribution of liver melanin in 3 amphibian species (Rana esculenta, Triturus a. apuanus, Triturus carnifex) was studied during 2 periods of the annual cycle (summer activity–winter hibernation) by light and electron microscopy, image analysis and microspectrofluorometry. The increase in liver pigmentation (melanin content) during winter appeared to be correlated with morphological and functional modifications in the hepatocytes, which at this period were characterised by a decrease in metabolic activity. These findings were interpreted according to the functional role (e.g. phagocytosis, cytotoxic substance inactivation) played by the pigment cell component in the general physiology of the heterothermic vertebrate liver and, in particular, in relation to a compensatory engagement of these cells against hepatocellular hypoactivity during the winter period.
Secrecy Computation without Changing Polynomial Degree in Shamir's (K, N) Secret Sharing Scheme

In This Paper, We Propose a New Secrecy Multiplication Scheme without Changing the Degree in Shamirâs (K, N) Secret Sharing Scheme. This Scheme Generates a Scalar Value Called Concealed Secret, Which Multiplies a Secret by a Random Number, and Distributes the Concealed Secret by using a Secret Sharing Scheme. When Secrecy Multiplying, We Temporarily Reconstruct the Concealed Secret, and Multiply It with a Share. Therefore, We Can Perform Secrecy Multiplication without Changing the Degree of Polynomials by Multiplying a Polynomial and Scalar Value. Our Scheme Can Extend to Secrecy Division by Dividing a Share with the Concealed Secret. in Addition, We Propose Secrecy Addition and Subtraction Schemes. We Evaluate the Security of Our Schemes, and Show a Possible Application That Cannot Realized using the Conventional Scheme.
YouTubers as satirists: Humour and remix in online video

This article aims to discuss the role humour plays in politics, particularly in a media environment overflowing with user-generated video. We start with a genealogy of political satire, from classical to Internet times, followed by a general description of “the Hitler meme,” a series of videos on YouTube featuring footage from the film Der Untergang and nonsensical subtitles. Amid video-games, celebrities, and the Internet itself, politicians and politics are the target of twenty-first century caricatures. By analysing these videos we hope to elucidate how the manipulation of images is embedded in everyday practices and may be of political consequence, namely by deflating politicians' constructed media image. The realm of image, at the centre of the Internet's technological culture, is connected with decisive aspects of today's social structure of knowledge and play. It is timely to understand which part of “playing” is in fact an expressive practice with political significance.
Strategy for Seeding 3 D Streamlines

This paper presents a strategy for seeding streamlines in 3D flow fields. Its main goal is to capture the essential flow patterns and to provide sufficient coverage in the field while reducing clutter. First, critical points of the flow field are extracted to identify regions with important flow patterns that need to be presented. Different seeding templates are then used around the vicinity of the different critical points. Because there is significant variability in the flow pattern even for the same type of critical point, our template can change shape depending on how far the critical point is from transitioning into another type of critical point. To accomplish this, we introduce the α−β map of 3D critical points. Next, we use Poisson seeding to populate the empty regions. Finally, we filter the streamlines based on their geometric and spatial properties. Altogether, this multistep strategy reduces clutter and yet captures the important 3D flow features. CR Categories: I.3. 6 [Computer Graphics]: Methodology and Techniques—Interaction Techniques;
Distinct glutamatergic and GABAergic subsets of hypothalamic pro‐opiomelanocortin neurons revealed by in situ hybridization in male rats and mice

Pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti‐related protein (AGRP) neurons in the hypothalamus regulate various aspects of energy homeostasis and metabolism. POMC and AGRP neurons, respectively, agonize and antagonize melanocortin receptors on their common downstream neurons. However, it is unknown whether they also reciprocally stimulate and inhibit the same neurons by amino acid transmitters. Whereas AGRP neurons are mostly GABAergic, surprisingly, only a small population of POMC neurons has been found to be glutamatergic, and a significantly larger subpopulation to be GABAergic. To further examine amino acid phenotypes of POMC neurons, we studied mRNA expression for the glutamatergic marker, type 2 vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT2), and the GABA synthetic enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), in POMC neurons of both rats and mice by using in situ hybridization techniques. In rats, approximately 58% of POMC neurons were labeled for VGLUT2 and 37% for GAD67 mRNA. In mice, approximately 43% of POMC neurons contained VGLUT2, and 54% contained GAD67 mRNA. In both species, a prominent mediolateral distribution pattern was observed at rostral and mid levels of the POMC cell group with VGLUT2–POMC neurons dominating in lateral portions and GAD67–POMC neurons in medial portions. These data demonstrate that both glutamatergic and GABAergic cells are present in comparably significant numbers among POMC neurons. Their glutamatergic or GABAergic phenotype may represent a major functional division within the POMC cell group. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3287–3302, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selumetinib for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction: KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in NSCLC, occurring in around a third of patients. However, this largest genomically defined subgroup of lung cancer patients seem to remain ‘undruggable’, with any effective targeted therapy approved at the moment. The prognostic and predictive power and thus the clinical utility of KRAS oncogenic mutations in lung cancer are highly debated issues, not supportive of KRAS testing in clinical practice of NSCLC therapy. Areas covered: A phase II trial in KRAS-mutant NSCLC had shown significant improvements in PFS and ORR in patients treated with selumetinib plus docetaxel compared to docetaxel alone. Disappointing data emerged from the next phase III trial in which the addition of selumetinib to docetaxel in patients with advanced KRAS mutant lung cancer did not improve survival or show clinical benefit. Expert opinion: Promising strategies against this common mutation are under evaluation in clinical trials. Combination therapies represent a potential approach for overcoming this complex pathway and potentiating the activity of other antitumor agents, by simultaneous inhibition of the RAS–RAF–MEK–MAPK pathway. Identifying predictive biomarkers, and delineating de novo and acquired resistance mechanisms are essential for future clinical development of MEK inhibitors.
Testicular function and the effects of microwave radiation. Final report, April 1983-August 1985

The effects of pulse-modulated (PM) and continuous-wave (CW) microwave radiation (MWR) at 1.3 GHZ on spermatogenesis in the rat were studied. Undrugged freely mobile or anesthetized adult male rats were treated, then sacrificed at discrete latencies in relationship to the 13-day cycle time of the seminiferous epithelium. Changes in rectal and testicular temperatures were measured during warm-water immersion of the testicles. Exposure of the freely mobile rat for 8 h to CW MWR at 9 mW/g was ineffective. Acute (90-min) exposure of the anesthetized rat, PM MWR at 7.7 mW/g yielded sharp reductions in daily sperm production (DSP) at 13 and 26 days with only partial recovery at 52 days. There were no detectable changes at 6.5 days, thus suggesting the absence of an effect on mature spermatids. Immersion heating of the testis to 39 C yielded an initial decline in DSP at 6.5 days, followed by recovery to control levels. With respect to changes in DSP and/or sperm morphology, the elevation of testicular temperature was a common underlying variable; a rise to at least 39 C through either MWR or conventionally induced heating was required to produce evident decrement. Thus, MWR had the most-pronounced impact on early spermatids and/ormore » primary spermatocytes. CW MWR yielded essentially the same results as did PM MWR. The major factor impacting sperm production is the adult rat temperature rise in the testis. « less
Dispersive and Dissipative Behavior of the Spectral Element Method

If the nodes for the spectral element method are chosen to be the Gauss-Legendre-Lobatto points and a Lagrange basis is used, then the resulting mass matrix is diagonal and the method is sometimes then described as the Gauss-point mass lumped finite element scheme. We study the dispersive behavior of the scheme in detail and provide both a qualitative description of the nature of the dispersive and dissipative behavior of the scheme along with precise quantitative statements of the accuracy in terms of the mesh-size and the order of the scheme. We prove that (a) the Gauss-point mass lumped scheme (i.e., spectral element method) tends to exhibit phase lag whereas the (consistent) finite element scheme tends to exhibit phase lead; (b) the absolute accuracy of the spectral element scheme is $1/p$ times better than that of the finite element scheme despite the use of numerical integration; (c) when the order $p$, the mesh-size $h$, and the frequency of the wave $\omega$ satisfy $2p+1 \approx \omega h$ the true wave is essentially fully resolved. As a consequence, one obtains a proof of the general rule of thumb sometimes quoted in the context of spectral element methods: $\pi$ modes per wavelength are needed to resolve a wave.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN OSSEOINTEGRATION SUCCESS RATE OF ONE STAGE AND TWO STAGE PROCEDURE IN IMPLANT SURGERY IN BASRAH PROVINCE

This study aimed to evaluate the osseointegration success rate of one stage procedure in comparison with two stage procedure in implant surgery. Eighty patients (28 males, 52 females) received 128 implants, 36 in the mandible and 92 in the maxilla. Fifty nine implants were inserted in the one stage procedure & 69 implants in the two stage procedure. All implants were followed-up for 6 months according to the success criteria (Albrektssons criteria). Total success rate was 97.6%. In the one stage procedure it was 96.6% and 98.5% in the two stage procedure. There was no statistical significant difference between the two procedures. In conclusion, the one stage procedure can be employed as successful alternative to two stage procedure when there is good primary stability and no bone augmentation at the time of implant placement.
Unanswered questions: A preliminary investigation of personality and individual difference predictors of 9/11 conspiracist beliefs

Given the widespread appeal of conspiratorial beliefs, it is surprising that very little empirical research has examined the psychological variables associated with such beliefs. In the present study, we examined individual and demographic predictors of beliefs in conspiracy theories concerning the September 11, 2001 (9/11) attacks on the World Trade Centre and Pentagon among a representative British sample of 254 women and men. Results of structural equation modelling showed that 9/11 conspiracist beliefs were positively associated with belief in other conspiracy theories, exposure to 9/11 conspiracist ideas, political cynicism, defiance of authority and the Big Five personality factor of Agreeableness. In total, a model including demographics, personality and individual difference variables explained over 50% of the variance in 9/11 conspiracist ideas. The implications of these findings for the literature on conspiracy theories are discussed.
Cryptochrome restores dampened circadian rhythms and promotes healthspan in aging Drosophila

Circadian clocks generate daily rhythms in molecular, cellular, and physiological functions providing temporal dimension to organismal homeostasis. Recent evidence suggests two‐way relationship between circadian clocks and aging. While disruption of the circadian clock leads to premature aging in animals, there is also age‐related dampening of output rhythms such as sleep/wake cycles and hormonal fluctuations. Decay in the oscillations of several clock genes was recently reported in aged fruit flies, but mechanisms underlying these age‐related changes are not understood. We report that the circadian light–sensitive protein CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) is significantly reduced at both mRNA and protein levels in heads of old Drosophila melanogaster. Restoration of CRY using the binary GAL4/UAS system in old flies significantly enhanced the mRNA oscillatory amplitude of several genes involved in the clock mechanism. Flies with CRY overexpressed in all clock cells maintained strong rest/activity rhythms in constant darkness late in life when rhythms were disrupted in most control flies. We also observed a remarkable extension of healthspan in flies with elevated CRY. Conversely, CRY‐deficient mutants showed accelerated functional decline and accumulated greater oxidative damage. Interestingly, overexpression of CRY in central clock neurons alone was not sufficient to restore rest/activity rhythms or extend healthspan. Together, these data suggest novel anti‐aging functions of CRY and indicate that peripheral clocks play an active role in delaying behavioral and physiological aging.
Coordinated Transmission for Two-Pair Digital Subscriber Lines

The performance of two-pair dual-duplex systems is substantially improved if the transmission on one pair is coordinated with that on the other, so that the transmitted signals are two-dimensional vector pulses. The advantages of coordination of transmission in an optimal way are quantified. Signal processing gains of 1.8 dB can be achieved in this way by averaging the SNRs on the two pairs constituting the high rate digital subscriber line (HDSL) and by canceling the near-end crosstalk (NEXT) between them. Exploitation of pair-to-pair correlation of NEXT voltages on the constituent pairs provides an additional source of processing gain. Under reasonable assumptions concerning the distribution of NEXT coupling coefficients between cable pairs, there is a better than 50% chance that the signal processing gain achieved by exploiting pair-to-pair NEXT correlation will be greater than 1.5 dB. Coordinated transmission requires the adaptation of four flat gain amplifiers in transmitters to achieve its optimum system configuration. >
No association between genetic markers in BDNF gene and lithium prophylaxis in a Greek sample

Abstract Lithium efficacy is, at least partially, under genetic control. We investigated the association between markers in BDNF and lithium prophylactic efficacy. A set of 10 SNPs within BDNF were genotyped in a sample of 83 bipolar patients. Response to lithium was assessed by presence or absence of any illness phases during a period of 3 years of longitudinal observation. No significant association was detected between the genetic variants tested in BDNF and lithium prophylaxis. Despite the negative association, limitations including small sample size suggest that larger scale genetic associations studies of these genes and lithium prophylaxis are nonetheless indicated.
Phase I study of vorinostat in patients with advanced solid tumors and hepatic dysfunction: a National Cancer Institute Organ Dysfunction Working Group study.

PURPOSE Vorinostat is the first US Food and Drug Administration-approved histone deacetylase inhibitor and is indicated for the treatment of refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. We conducted a phase I study to determine the maximum-tolerated dose and pharmacokinetics of vorinostat in patients with hepatic dysfunction. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients had solid malignancies and acceptable bone marrow and renal function. Hepatic dysfunction was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe by the National Cancer Institute Organ Dysfunction Working Group criteria. Fifteen patients with normal liver function were enrolled as controls. All patients received a single 400-mg dose of vorinostat for pharmacokinetic studies. One week later, daily vorinostat dosing was begun and continued until toxicity or disease progression occurred. The daily vorinostat dose was escalated within each hepatic dysfunction category. Vorinostat plasma concentrations were quantitated by a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay and modeled noncompartmentally. RESULTS Fifty-seven patients were enrolled (median age, 59 years; females, n = 24); 42 patients had hepatic dysfunction (16 mild, 15 moderate, and 11 severe). Eight of nine patients with dose-limiting toxicity had grade 4 thrombocytopenia. The recommended vorinostat doses in mild, moderate, and severe hepatic dysfunction were 300, 200, and 100 mg, respectively, on the daily continuous schedule. There were no significant differences in vorinostat pharmacokinetic parameters among the normal or hepatic dysfunction categories. Disease stabilization was noted in 12 patients. Of five patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma, one patient had a partial response, and four patients had stable disease. A patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma had stable disease for more than 2 years. CONCLUSION Patients with varying degrees of hepatic dysfunction require appropriate dose reduction even though vorinostat pharmacokinetics are unaltered.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF THE COMBINATION OF SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION AND STUDY-SKILLS TRAINING ON THE REDUCTION OF STUDENTS ' TEST ANXIETY *

The main objective of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the combination of systematic desensitization and study-skills training on students' test anxiety. The study population was junior secondary school students in the Kazeron, Iran. The sample included 60 junior secondary school students who were selected through simple random sampling method among test anxious students and were randomly designated into three experimental and one control groups. Data were gathered by Abolghasemi Test Anxiety Scale and structured clinical interview. The results obtained from one way ANNOVA showed significant differences between systematic desensitization, study-skills training, combined approach (systematic desensitization and study-skills training) and control groups in students' test anxiety. Also bonferoni multi comparison test showed that combined approach, systematic desensitization, study-skills training were orderly effective in reducing students' test anxiety. Given the significant effect of systematic desensitization and study-skills training on the reduction of students' test anxiety, the combined approach (systematic desensitization and study-skills training) was more efficient on the reduction of students' test anxiety.
RoMEO studies 4: an analysis of journal publishers' copyright agreements

This article is the fourth in a series of six emanating from the UK JISC‐funded RoMEO Project (Rights Metadata for Open archiving). It describes an analysis of 80 scholarly journal publishers' copyright agreements with a particular view to their effect on author self‐archiving: 90% of agreements asked for copyright transfer and 69% asked for it prior to refereeing the paper; 75% asked authors to warrant that their work had not been previously published although only two explicitly stated that they viewed self‐archiving as prior publication; 28.5% of agreements provided authors with no usage rights over their own paper. Although 42.5% allowed self‐archiving in some format, there was no consensus on the conditions under which self‐archiving could take place. The article concludes that author–publisher copyright agreements should be reconsidered by a working party representing the needs of both parties.