Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Informative Characteristics of 12 Divergent Domains in Complete Large Subunit rDNA Sequences from the Harmful Dinoflagellate Genus, Alexandrium (Dinophyceae)

ABSTRACT. The genus Alexandrium includes organisms of interest, both for the study of dinoflagellate evolution and for their impacts as toxic algae affecting human health and fisheries. Only partial large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequences of Alexandrium and other dinoflagellates are available, although they contain much genetic information. Here, we report complete LSU rDNA sequences from 11 strains of Alexandrium, including Alexandrium affine, Alexandrium catenella, Alexandrium fundyense, Alexandrium minutum, and Alexandrium tamarense, and discuss their segmented domains and structure. Putative LSU rRNA coding regions were recorded to be around 3,400bp long. Their GC content (about 43.7%) is among the lowest when compared with other organisms. Furthermore, no AT‐rich regions were found in Alexandrium LSU rDNA, although a low GC content was recorded within the LSU rDNA. No intron‐like sequences were found. The secondary structure of the LSU rDNA and parsimony analyses showed that most variation in LSU rDNA is found in the divergent (D) domains with the D2 region being the most informative. This high D domain variability can allow members of the diverse Alexandrium genus to be categorized at the species level. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of the alveolate group using the complete LSU sequences strongly supported previous findings that the dinoflagellates and apicomplexans form a clade.
Ultrarapid Optical Frequency-Domain Reflectometry Based Upon Dispersion-Induced Time Stretching: Principle and Applications

This paper reviews recent progress on a new, simple, and powerful technique for ultrahigh-speed optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR), namely, time-stretching (TS)-OFDR. This method is essentially based on the use of linear-dispersion-induced frequency-to-time mapping of the target broadband spectral interferogram so that this information can be captured in real time using a single photodetection stage and a fast analog-to-digital converter. The principle of operation, design tradeoffs, performance advantages, and limitations of TS-OFDR are discussed. Recent results on the application of TS-OFDR for fiber-optics device characterization and biomedical imaging are also presented.
Effect of university course on career path and subsequent job satisfaction: A survey of graduates in Nairobi County, Kenya.

This paper investigates the relationship between university course and an individual‟s career path. It seeks to find out job satisfaction as a result of these two variables. That is whether one is satisfied in their present area of employment, or simply the career path they are on and also if this particular area of employment is related to the university course pursued. The data used in this study was collected in the context of a case study of the Graduates in regular employment and graduate trainees randomly selected in Nairobi County. A multiple regression model was fitted to the data to investigate the effects of the independent variables on job satisfaction. A single measure/index of job satisfaction was calculated and used as the dependent variable. It was found that the graduate trainees and graduates in regular employment expressed satisfaction in their current areas of work or career paths. It was also found that the university course and one‟s career path had a strong correlation but these two factors were not adequate predictors of job satisfaction for the graduate trainees and the graduates in regular employment. Copyright © www.acascipub. com, all rights reserved.
Expectations and violations: Delineating the neural network of proactive inhibitory control

The ability to stop a prepared response (reactive inhibition) appears to depend on the degree to which stopping is expected (proactive inhibition). Functional MRI studies have shown that activation during proactive and reactive inhibition overlaps, suggesting that the whole neural network for reactive inhibition becomes already activated in anticipation of stopping. However, these studies measured proactive inhibition as the effect of stop‐signal probability on activation during go trials. Therefore, activation could reflect expectation of a stop‐signal (evoked by the stop‐signal probability cue), but also violation of this expectation because stop‐signals do not occur on go trials. We addressed this problem, using a stop‐signal task in which the stop‐signal probability cue and the go‐signal were separated in time. Hence, we could separate activation during the cue, reflecting expectation of the stop‐signal, from activation during the go‐signal, reflecting expectation of the stop‐signal or violation of that expectation. During the cue, the striatum, the supplementary motor complex (SMC), and the midbrain activated. During the go‐signal, the right inferior parietal cortex (IPC) and the right inferior frontal cortex (IFC) activated. These findings suggest that the neural network previously associated with proactive inhibition can be subdivided into two components. One component, including the striatum, the SMC, and the midbrain, activated during the cue, implicating this network in proactive inhibition. Another component, consisting of the right IPC and the right IFC, activated during the go‐signal. Rather than being involved in proactive inhibition, this network appears to be involved in processes associated with violation of expectations. Hum Brain Mapp 34:2015–2024, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular conformation of a peptide fragment of transthyretin in an amyloid fibril

The molecular conformation of peptide fragment 105–115 of transthyretin, TTR(105–115), previously shown to form amyloid fibrils in vitro, has been determined by magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy. 13C and 15N linewidth measurements indicate that TTR(105–115) forms a highly ordered structure with each amino acid in a unique environment. 2D 13C-13C and 15N-13C-13C chemical shift correlation experiments, performed on three fibril samples uniformly 13C,15N-labeled in consecutive stretches of 4 aa, allowed the complete sequence-specific backbone and side-chain 13C and 15N resonance assignments to be obtained for residues 105–114. Analysis of the 15N, 13CO, 13Cα, and 13Cβ chemical shifts allowed quantitative predictions to be made for the backbone torsion angles φ and ψ. Furthermore, four backbone 13C–15N distances were determined in two selectively 13C,15N-labeled fibril samples by using rotational-echo double-resonance NMR. The results show that TTR(105–115) adopts an extended β-strand conformation that is similar to that found in the native protein except for substantial differences in the vicinity of the proline residue.
Microscopic Indicators of Axe and Hatchet Trauma in Fleshed and Defleshed Mammalian Long Bones *

Abstract: The characterization of wounds in bone caused by chopping weapons has been based on either semi‐fleshed or defleshed specimens. This approach has not been adequately justified as reflecting actual cases involving fleshed bone. Likewise, the histological appearance of features in chopping wounds also deserves further attention. We used 11 fresh pig (Sus scrofa) articulated hind limbs, including the femur, tibia, and fibula with contiguous surrounding flesh (including an intact epidermal layer), to receive wounds using two axes and two hatchets. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of these wounds exhibited osteon pullouts in the fracture surfaces of fleshed specimens, suggesting the attenuation of force by the surrounding flesh. Lamellar separation was also exhibited at the impact sites and fracture surfaces of both fleshed and defleshed specimens. A consistently rough morphology is characteristic of fracture surfaces while impact surfaces are smooth and yielded evidence of striations from each implement.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF YIELD VARIABILITY FOR A CORN-SOYBEAN FIELD IN IOWA

Spatio-temporal analyses of yield variability are required to delineate areas of stable yield patterns for application of precision farming techniques. Spatial structure and temporal stability patterns were studied using 1995- 1997 yield data for a 25-ha field located near Story City, Iowa. Corn was grown during 1995-1996, and soybean in 1997. The yield data were collected on nine east-west transects, consisting of 25 yield blocks per transect. The two components of yield variability, i.e., large-scale variation (trend) and small-scale variation, were studied using median polishing technique and variography, respectively. The trend surface, obtained from median polishing, accounted for the large-scale deterministic structure induced by treatments and landscape effects. After removal of trend from yield data, the resulting yield residuals were used to analyze the small-scale stochastic variability using variography. The variogram analysis showed strong spatial structure for the yield residuals. The spatial correlation lengths were found to vary from about 40 m for corn to about 90 m for soybean. The range parameter of the variograms showed a significant correlation coefficient of –0.95 with the cumulative growing season rainfall. The total variance of 1995 corn yield was partitioned as 56% trend, 37% small-scale stochastic structure, and 7% as an interaction of both. Yield variance of 1996 corn was about 80% trend and 20% small-scale stochastic structure. Contrary to corn years, the total yield variance for soybean in 1997 was partitioned as about 25% trend and about 75% small-scale stochastic structure. The significant negative correlation of range with rainfall shows that small-scale variability may be controlled by factors induced directly or indirectly by rainfall. More years of data are required to substantiate these relationships. The lack of temporal stability in large-scale and small-scale variation suggest that longer duration yield data analyses are required to understand and quantify the impact of various climatic, and management factors and their interaction with soil properties on delineation of areas under consistent yield patterns before applying variable rate technology.
A Comparative Study of Malaysian and Indonesian Students Entrepreneurial Characteristics and Career Choices Resulting from the Digital Economy

— This paper aims to identify the effects of digital economy on students’ entrepreneurial traits and entrepreneurship as career choices, comparatively between Malaysia and Indonesia. A sample of students was randomly selected from public universities and private universities in each country. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), which is the foundation of structural equation modeling (SEM), has been used. The results evidenced that the digital economy in both countries significantly influencing the entrepreneurial characteristics of the students. However, in Indonesia, the results are significant for all four dimensions of digital economy, while in Malaysia, only two dimensions are found to be significant namely social and cultural environment and the consumer and business adoption. Not only that, despite the entrepreneurial traits the students in Malaysia possessed, in contrast with Indonesian university students, it is discovered that they are reluctant to become entrepreneurs in future. Hence, both Malaysian and Indonesian governments need to keep on supporting the development of digital economy to foster the entrepreneurial traits among students. Plus, the lessons on entrepreneurship can be introduced as important subjects in universities in both countries, especially in Malaysia, to boost students’ entrepreneurial interest
Hypernoradrenergic innervation: its relationship to functional and hyperplastic changes in the vasculature of the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

There is now compelling evidence indicating that there is a greater sympathetic innervation of blood vessels in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) when compared with the innervation of corresponding vessels in the normotensive genetic control rat (WKY). In selected vascular beds in the SHR, increased sympathetic innervation occurs immediately after birth and prior to the expression of hypertension in the animal. In contrast, the available evidence suggests that the sympathetic innervation of cardiac tissue in SHR and WKY are similar in young and adult rats. The functional significance of the enhanced sympathetic innervation of blood vessels in the SHR with regard to the development or maintenance of hypertension relates in two ways to the well-established phenomena of vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, which are thought to be the pathophysiological basis for the increased peripheral vascular resistance and elevated blood pressure in this animal model of hypertension. First, the enhanced innervation of blood vessels in the SHR leads to an augmented release of the vasoconstrictor transmitter noradrenaline (NA). The predicted consequences of this augmented release of NA upon vascular contraction are modulated by the presence of a larger number of sites for neuronal inactivation (i.e. reuptake sites) of NA by virtue of the presence of the increased innervation. Second, and of more significance, is the inter-relationship between hypernoradrenergic innervation and vascular smooth muscle hyperplasia, as the early appearance of such changes is a powerful indicator for the subsequent expression of hypertension in the SHR. In view of the substantial evidence that implicates vascular smooth muscle cells in regulating the degree of their sympathetic innervation and confirms the influence of sympathetic nerves upon vascular smooth muscle hyperplastic change, attention is drawn to the role of trophic factors in providing the setting for the development of hypertension in the SHR.
In vitro fertilization and childhood retinoblastoma.

I read with interest the paper by Bradbury and Jick [1] in the August 2004 issue of your journal. These authors are to be commended for their attempt to study the possible association of in vitro fertilization (IVF) with the occurrence of retinoblastoma in these assisted reproductive technology (ART)-born children. However, their far-reaching conclusion that their data ‘provide some reassurance that children born as a result of IVF are not at markedly increased risk of retinoblastoma’ may be misleading. These authors observed 0 cases of retinoblastoma among 176 children conceived by IVF and compared this observation with ‘24 cases of retinoblastoma diagnosed before age 5 years among 358 094 children not conceived by IVF’. Although of some interest, these data cannot be reassuring. The incidence of retinoblastoma worldwide is around one case per 15 000–20 000 live births. Thus, prospective examination of a few thousand IVF-born children followed for a period of 5 years has to be carried out before any ‘reassuring’ conclusion can be issued. Our original observation of the first IVF-born baby with retinoblastoma published in 2001 was detected when we prospectively examined 47 ART-born children [2]. Following our publication, awareness of possible association was stimulated and additional cases were unveiled [3–5]. Indeed, concerns arose following the publication of Moll et al. and the estimate of an increased risk ratio of 4.2–6.7 for IVF-born babies to develop retinoblastoma. The various aspects of the possible association of IVF and retinoblastoma and the possible epigenetics influence have been discussed [6]. At present, it must be stressed that the issue of a possible association between ART and the occurrence of retinoblastoma is far from being resolved. Caution and awareness on the one hand and avoiding unnecessary worries on the other hand are mandatory at this stage of our knowledge. Therefore, conclusions derived from any important observations have to be in line with the data. Authors of papers writing on subjects of utmost importance which are at the ‘eye of controversy’ should be even more careful in the assessment of their data and the derived conclusions. The fact that no retinoblastoma was observed in 176 live IVF-born babies during a period of 10 months cannot serve as the basis for ‘providing some reassurance that children born as a result of IVF are not at markedly increased risk of retinoblastoma’.
Dynamique cérébrale en neuroimagerie fonctionnelle

Mes travaux portent sur l'analyse de la dynamique cerebrale a partir de donnees de neuro-imagerie fonctionnelle issues d'examens d'Imagerie par Resonance Magnetique fonctionnelle (IRMf). Ils concernent aussi bien l'etude de la dynamique evoquee par un paradigme d'activation cerebrale et celle issue de l'activite spontanee ou de « fond » lorsque le sujet est au repos (resting state). Les algorithmes que j'ai developpes s'appuient pour une large partie sur une connaissance explicite du paradigme experimental mis au point par l'experimentateur mais aussi prennent place dans une moindre part au sein des methodes exploratoires, qui n'exploitant pas ces informations issues du paradigme. Ce theme de recherche embrasse a la fois des problemes bas niveau relatifs a la reconstruction d'images en IRM mais aussi des aspects plus haut niveau qui concernent l'estimation et la selection de modeles hemodynamiques regionaux non-parametriques, capables de prendre en compte la variabilite inter-individuelle de la reponse impulsionnelle du systeme neuro-vasculaire. Les problemes de reconstruction sont traites a l'aide de methodes classiques de regularisation dans l'espace image ou des methodes plus evoluees operant dans l'espace transforme des coefficients d'ondelette. Les aspects inferentiels haut niveau sont majoritairement abordes dans le cadre des statistiques bayesiennes.
PENGARUH PELAKSANAAN KEBIJAKAN SUNSET POLICY, TAX AMNESTY, DAN SANKSI PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI

This research aims to provide empirical evidence of the influence of implementation of Sunset Policy, Tax Amnesty, and Tax sanctions on individual’ Taxpayer who run the business activities and work free in KPP Pratama Dompu. The number of respondents in this research are 58 individual taxpayers who run the business activities and work free which was listed in KPP Pratama Dompu. The type of data used in this research is primer data obtained from the distributions of questionnaires containing the answers from respondents. The analysis method of this research is logistic regression analysis. The result indicates that sunset policy, tax amnesty, and tax sanctions have significant effect on taxpayer compliance of individual in Dompu District. Keywords: Sunset Policy, Tax Amnesty, Tax Sanctions, and Taxpayer Compliance.
Role of consumer traits and situational factors on impulse buying: does gender matter?

With the growing acceptance of organised retail in Central India, it is important to understand the impulse buying phenomenon and how it is influenced by consumer traits and situational factors. The purpose of this paper is to examine the combined effect of three consumer traits and four situational factors on impulsive buying. ,Using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling (SmartPLS 2.0 software), responses from 417 hypermarket and supermarket consumers of Central India in the proposed research framework were analysed and validated. ,The resulted values for the construct impulse buying tendency, shopping enjoyment tendency, materialism, person’s situation, motivational activities by retailers and product attributes show positive significant influences, whereas the construct store environment having relationship with impulse buying shows negative influence. Importantly, the findings also demonstrate that the gender moderates the relationship between various factors of consumer traits and situational factors with impulse buying. ,The study develops a research framework with three specific variables of consumer traits and four variables of situational factors, triggers impulse buying. Therefore, there is a need to incorporate some other variables, such as interpersonal influence, consumer involvement and consumption patterns, so that more affluent insights can be obtained. The study presents useful insights to retailers, academicians and researchers, regarding impulse buying behaviour of Indian consumers in a still developing organised retail sector in Central India. ,The study focussed on the combined effect of consumer traits and situational factors on impulse buying for the first time in Central India, as earlier studies focussed on impulse buying behaviour at the USA and metro cities of India.
Interaction between xylanase and phytase on the digestibility of corn and a corn/soy diet for broiler chickens

&NA; An experiment was carried out to evaluate the digestibility and metabolizability of corn and a corn/soy‐based diet with the inclusion or not of xylanase and/or phytase in broilers. In the trial, 1,120 broiler chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design, consisting of 16 treatments, with 10 replicates of 7 birds each. Treatments were evaluated following a factorial arrangement (4 × 2 × 2), with 4 xylanase levels (zero, 50, 100, or 150 fungal &bgr;‐xylanase units/kg; FXU), 2 phytase levels (zero or 1,000 phytase units/kg; FTU), and 2 diets (corn/soy or pure corn). The same basal diets were fed from one to 14 d post hatch for all birds, after which the experimental diets were provided until d 25. All birds were euthanized on d 25 for collection of ileal contents. Samples of feed, excreta, and ileal digesta were analyzed for determination of apparent ileal digestibility. The effect of xylanase on the coefficient of apparent dry matter metabolizability and apparent metabolizable energy was increased by the presence of phytase in the complete diet but not in the diet based on pure corn resulting in a diet*phytase*xylanase interaction (P < 0.01; P < 0.001, respectivaly). Equivalent effects were observed for the apparent coefficient of ileal protein digestibility in which xylanase effects were potentiated by the presence of phytase only in the complete diet, resulting in a significant 3‐way interaction. In corn there was a limitation in improving digestibility when we added increasing levels of xylanase with phytase. Otherwise in the corn/soy‐based diets, the enzymes were potencialized when they were added together. The fact that the effect of xylanase was enhanced by the presence of phytase in complete diets but not in pure corn may be associated with differences in substrate (arabinoxylan and/or phytate) concentration and presentation, diet nutrient balance, or other factors. It can be concluded that the interactive effects of xylanase and phytase can be substantial but may depend on the characteristics of the diet fed.