Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glutathione Metabolism during Aging and in Alzheimer Disease

Abstract: The concentration of glutathione (GSH), the most abundant intracellular nonprotein thiol and important antioxidant, declines with age and in some age‐related diseases. The underlying mechanism, however, is not clear. The previous studies from our laboratory showed that the age‐dependent decline in GSH content in Fisher 344 rats was associated with a downregulation of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate‐limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis. Our recent studies further indicated that the activity and mRNA content of glutathione synthase (GS), which catalyzes the second reaction in de novo GSH synthesis, were also decreased with age in some tissues. No age‐associated change was observed in glutathione reductase or γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase activities. Also, although GSH content declined with age in both male and female mice, male mice experienced more dramatic age‐associated decline in many tissues/organs than female mice. Furthermore, we found that GSH content was significantly decreased in the red blood cells from male Alzheimer disease patients, which was associated with decreases in GCL and GS activities. Finally, we showed that estrogen increased GSH content, GS and GR activities, and GCL gene expression in the liver of both male and female mice. Taken together, our results suggest that (1) GCL plays a critical role in maintaining GSH homeostasis under both physiological and pathological conditions; (2) decreased GSH content may be involved in AD pathology in humans; and (3) estrogen increases GSH content in mice by multiple mechanisms.
A novel power splitter based on the waveguide E-type T junction

This paper points out the deficiency of the traditional power splitters and introduces the principle of the waveguide E-type T junction power divider. On this basis, an improved waveguide E-type T junction power splitter is proposed with the advantages of high isolation, low insertion loss, small size and wide bandwidth. The three-dimensional simulation software CST is used in modeling and simulating. The measured results show that the insertion loss is less than 0.12dB, the return loss is better than 18dB and the isolation between the two output ports is better than 15dB from 12 to 17 GHz.
FBNetV5: Neural Architecture Search for Multiple Tasks in One Run

Neural Architecture Search (NAS) has been widely adopted to design accurate and efficient image classification models. However, applying NAS to a new computer vision task still requires a huge amount of effort. This is because 1) previous NAS research has been over-prioritized on image classification while largely ignoring other tasks; 2) many NAS works focus on optimizing task-specific components that cannot be favorably transferred to other tasks; and 3) existing NAS methods are typically designed to be"proxyless"and require significant effort to be integrated with each new task's training pipelines. To tackle these challenges, we propose FBNetV5, a NAS framework that can search for neural architectures for a variety of vision tasks with much reduced computational cost and human effort. Specifically, we design 1) a search space that is simple yet inclusive and transferable; 2) a multitask search process that is disentangled with target tasks' training pipeline; and 3) an algorithm to simultaneously search for architectures for multiple tasks with a computational cost agnostic to the number of tasks. We evaluate the proposed FBNetV5 targeting three fundamental vision tasks -- image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation. Models searched by FBNetV5 in a single run of search have outperformed the previous stateof-the-art in all the three tasks: image classification (e.g., +1.3% ImageNet top-1 accuracy under the same FLOPs as compared to FBNetV3), semantic segmentation (e.g., +1.8% higher ADE20K val. mIoU than SegFormer with 3.6x fewer FLOPs), and object detection (e.g., +1.1% COCO val. mAP with 1.2x fewer FLOPs as compared to YOLOX).
Molecular ordering of ethanol at the calcite surface.

To produce biominerals, such as shells, bones, and teeth, living beings create organic compounds that control the growth of the solid phase. Investigating the atomic scale behavior of individual functional groups at the mineral-fluid interface provides fundamental information that is useful for constructing accurate predictive models for natural systems. Previous investigations of the activity of coccolith-associated polysaccharides (CAP) on calcite, using atomic force microscopy (AFM) [Henriksen, K. , Young, J. R. , Bown, P. R. , and Stipp, S. L. S. Palentology 2004, 43 (Part 3), 725-743] and molecular dynamics (MD) modeling [Yang, M. , Stipp, S. L. S. , and Harding, J. H. Cryst. Growth Des. 2008, 8 (11), 4066-4074], have suggested that OH functional groups control polysaccharide attachment. The purpose of this work was to characterize, using X-ray reflectivity (XR) combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the structuring on calcite of a layer of the simplest carbon chain molecule that contains an OH group, ethanol (CH(3)-CH(2)-OH). We found evidence that EtOH forms a highly ordered structure at the calcite surface, where the first layer molecules bond with calcite. The ethanol molecules stand up perpendicularly at the interface or nearly so. As a consequence, the fatty, CH(3) ends form a new surface, about 6 Å from the termination of the bulk calcite, and beyond that, there is a thin gap where ethanol density is low. Following is a more disordered layer that is two to three ethanol molecules thick, about 14 Å, where density more resembles that of bulk liquid ethanol. The good agreement between theory and experiment gives confidence that a theoretical approach can offer information about behavior in more complex systems.
Evaluation of Dermatological Adverse Drug Reaction in the Outpatient Department of Dermatology at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: The burden of dermatological Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) is resulting into switching or discontinuation of drug as well as medication non-adherence. Active search is essential for evaluating, managing, reporting ADRs and strengthening the activity of pharmacovigilance of the country. The purpose of the study was to evaluate causality, severity and preventability of Dermatological ADRs. Method: A prospective, observational study was carriedout over a period of six months at Out Patient Department of Dermatology, Sheth V.S. hospital, Ahmedabad with diagnosed dermatological ADRs. The suspected ADRs were evaluated for causality by WHO-UMC causality and Naranjo’s scale, severity by Hartwig and Siegel scale, and preventability by Schumock and Thornton criteria. The agreement between causality scales was obtained by Cohen’s Kappa test. Result: Total of 51 patients were enrolled with 74 suspected ADRs. The incidence of dermatological ADR was 3.78%. Most commonly manifested ADR was rash (26.67%). Total 97 drugs were suspected. Maximum incidence of dermatological ADRs were observed with antimicrobial agents (43.30%) followed by non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (26.80%), possible (54.64%) and 35 (36.08%) probable ADRs by WHO-UMC scale. Naranjo’s scale showed most cases of probable (74.23%). ADRs were of moderate severity (98.97%) and definitely preventable (72.16%). The causality scales showed ‘slight agreement’ with kappa value 0.012. Conclusion: Dermatological adverse drug reactions were a common occurrence and awareness about them was found to be essential for early detection and prevention. The healthcare system can promote the spontaneous reporting of dermatological ADR top Pharmacovigilance centre’s for ensuring safe drug use and patient care.
Mismatch and the Forecasting Performance of Matching Functions

This paper investigates the role of structural imbalance between job seekers and job openings for the forecasting performance of a labour market matching function. Starting from a Cobb–Douglas matching function with constant returns to scale (CRS) in each frictional micro market shows that on the aggregate level, a measure of mismatch is a crucial ingredient of the matching function and hence should not be ignored for forecasting hiring figures. Consequently, we allow the matching process to depend on the level of regional, qualificatory and occupational mismatch between unemployed and vacancies. In pseudo out-of-sample tests that account for the nested model environment, we find that forecasting models enhanced by a measure of mismatch significantly outperform their benchmark counterparts for all forecast horizons ranging between one month and a year. This is especially pronounced during and in the aftermath of the Great Recession where a low level of mismatch improved the possibility of unemployed to find a job again. The results show that imposing CRS helps improve forecast accuracy compared to unrestricted models.
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Display on a Small Screen: Reading Chinese While Walking

This study examined the effects of presentation unit (word-byword or single line) and presentation duration [171, 213, 240, and 308 msec, per character (msec./C)] on the comprehension of Chinese rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) displays read from the small screen of a mobile phone in three different contexts (seated, walking on a treadmill, and walking through an outdoor course). 30 native Chinese readers ages 19 to 26 were recruited as participants. Scores on reading comprehension showed that presentation unit and presentation duration significantly affected reading comprehension, and interactions between factors were also significant. When the presentation unit was word-by-word, no significant difference in reading comprehension was observed under different presentation durations. However, when the presentation unit was a single line, reading comprehension deteriorated with the shortest presentation duration of 171 msec. /C. With regard to context, participants had a higher mean reading comprehension score in the seated context than in walking contexts, but the difference was not significant.
Neuronal precursors within the adult rat subventricular zone differentiate into dopaminergic neurons after substantia nigra lesion and chromaffin cell transplant

Neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain continues in the subventricular zone (SVZ). Neuronal precursors from the SVZ migrate along the rostral migratory stream to replace olfactory bulb interneurons. After the destruction of the nigro‐striatal pathway (SN‐lesion), some SVZ precursors begin to express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and neuronal markers (NeuN). Grafting of chromaffin cells (CCs) into the denervated striatum increases the number of TH+ cells (SVZ TH+ cells; Arias‐Carrión et al., 2004). This study examines the functional properties of these newly differentiating TH+ cells. Under whole‐cell patch‐clamp, most SVZ cells recorded from lesioned and grafted animals (either TH+ or TH−) were non‐excitable. Nevertheless, a small percentage of SVZ TH+ cells had the electrophysiologic phenotype of mature dopaminergic neurons and showed spontaneous postsynaptic potentials. Dopamine (DA) release was measured in SVZ and striatum from both control and SN‐lesioned rats. As expected, 12 weeks after SN lesion, DA release decreased drastically. Nevertheless, 8 weeks after CCs graft, release from the SVZ of SN‐lesioned rats recovered, and even surpassed that from control SVZ, suggesting that newly formed SVZ TH+ cells release DA. This study shows for the first time that in response to SN‐lesions and CC grafts neural precursors within the SVZ change their developmental program, by not only expressing TH, but more importantly by acquiring excitable properties of mature dopaminergic neurons. Additionally, the release of DA in a Ca2+‐dependent manner and the attraction of synaptic afferents from neighboring neuronal networks gives further significance to the overall findings, whose potential importance is discussed. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beneficial Effect of Combination Therapy Comprising Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Plus Calcium Channel Blocker on Plasma Adiponectin Levels

The study aim was to examine the effect of combination therapy comprising angiotensin receptor blocker plus calcium antagonist on post-treatment plasma adiponectin levels compared to pretreatment levels. There was a significant gender difference in the relationship between preadiponectin level and age. In the search for contributing factors for treatment-based changes in adiponectin levels, these effects of gender and age were considered in statistical analysis. The adiponectin level in the combination therapy group was further increased compared to that in each of the monotherapy groups, despite there being no significant difference in antihypertensive effect, indicating that the combined medication provided an effect beyond that of lowering blood pressure.
Multiframe resolution recovery of radar imagery: Towards super-resolution sensing

The aim of this study is to address a new approach and develop the relevant technique for super-resolution (SR) feature-enhanced recovery of microwave remote sensing (RS) imagery. The challenging proposition is twofold. First, we adapt the SR multi-scale iterative reconstructive (MSIR) image post-processing method for solving the inverse problem of recovery of the speckle corrupted low resolution RS images employing iterative projections onto the nested refined resolution frames. Second, we unify the modified RS-adapted MSIR method with the Descriptive Experiment Design Regularization (DEDR) high-resolution RS image enhancement technique for attaining the overall SR recovery with considerably enhanced resolution performances. Algorithmically, the MSIR processing loop is performed via the Fourier transform (FT) or wavelet transform (WT) of the input image. Different wavelet dictionaries were examined in order to approach the most speeded-up WT-based iterative MSIR-level image recovery.
Application of Rapidly Quenched Soft Magnetic Materials in Energy-Saving Electric Equipment

The rapidly quenched soft magnetic materials have found many practical applications in power electronics, electric engineering, telecommunications, and other industrial sectors. The aim of this paper was to present the results of a research on fabrication technology of the amorphous and nanocrystalline cores intended for: 1) soft magnetic cores for the stators of the high-speed permanent magnet brushless direct current (PMBLDC) motors; 2) nanocrystalline soft magnetic cores for application in high-frequency power conversion; and 3) three-limb amorphous cores for the three-phase distribution transformers. The cores intended for the stator of the high-speed PMBLDC motor were made from the Metglas 2605 SA1 ribbon and then subjected to the performance tests in a model of an electric motor. The research on soft magnetic materials for high-frequency high-power conversion was concentrated on the Finemet rectangular cores with a gap and the composite ones with distributed gap, and the comodified Finemet cores with the induced transverse magnetic anisotropy. The three-limb cores for 400 kVA three-phase distribution transformer were made from the Metglas 2605 SA1 ribbon and subjected to the performance tests in electricity distribution network. It was found that all the amorphous and nanocrystalline cores fabricated under this paper enable considerable reduction in power losses.
Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) Rhizome as an Antioxidant Dietary Fiber in Cooked Sausage: Effects on Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics

The objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical and sensory properties of cooked emulsion sausages containing different levels of lotus rhizome powder (0, 1, 2, and 3%, based on total weight). Lotus rhizome powder had no significant (p>0.05) impact on pH, moisture, protein, or ash content of sausage. However, fat content was slightly but significantly (p<0.05) decreased when the level of lotus rhizome powder was increased in the sausages. The addition of lotus rhizome powder to sausages at over 1% resulted in significantly (p<0.05) darker and less red color of cooked sausage compared to control. Increase in lotus rhizome level slightly improved the emulsion stability and apparent viscosity. Significant (p<0.05) reduction in cooking loss was observed when more than 1% of lotus rhizome powder was added to sausages. The textural properties of sausages were unaffected by the inclusion of lotus rhizome except for springiness and chewiness. On the manufacture day, control sausage had significantly (p<0.05) higher TBARS value than treatments. Regarding sensory characteristics, increased levels of lotus rhizome powder decreased (p<0.05) color and juiciness scores. However, cooked sausages exhibited similar overall acceptability regardless of the level of lotus rhizome powder added to sausages. Therefore, lotus rhizome powder, an antioxidant dietary fiber, could be used as an effective natural ingredient in meat products for the development of healthier and functional food.
Differential cognitive and behavioral effects of carbamazepine and lamotrigine

Background: The relative cognitive and behavioral effects of lamotrigine compared with the older standard antiepileptic drugs (AED) are uncertain. Objective: To directly compare the cognitive and behavioral effects of carbamazepine and lamotrigine. Methods: The cognitive and behavioral effects of carbamazepine and lamotrigine were assessed in 25 healthy adults using a double-blind, randomized crossover design with two 10-week treatment periods. During each treatment condition, subjects received either lamotrigine (150 mg/day) or carbamazepine (mean 696 mg/day) adjusted to a dose to achieve midrange standard therapeutic blood levels (mean 7.6 μg/mL). Subjects were tested at the end of each AED treatment period and in three drug-free conditions (two pretreatment baselines and a final posttreatment period [1 month after last AED]). The neuropsychological test battery included 19 measures yielding 40 total variables. Results: Direct comparison of the two AED revealed significantly better performance on 19 (48%) variables for lamotrigine but none for carbamazepine. Differences spanned both objective cognitive and subjective behavioral measures, including cognitive speed, memory, graphomotor coding, neurotoxic symptoms, mood factors, sedation, perception of cognitive performance, and other quality-of-life perceptions. Comparison of carbamazepine with the nondrug average revealed significantly better performance for nondrug average on 24 (62%) variables but none for carbamazepine. Comparison of lamotrigine with nondrug average revealed better performance on one (2.5%) variable for nondrug average and on one (2.5%) variable for lamotrigine. Conclusion: Lamotrigine produces significantly fewer untoward cognitive and behavioral effects than carbamazepine at the dosages used in this study.
Targeting the Achilles' heel of adult living donor liver transplant: Corner‐sparing sutures with mucosal eversion technique of biliary anastomosis

Biliary complications are regarded as the Achilles' heel of liver transplantation, especially for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) due to smaller, multiple ducts and difficult ductal anatomy. Overall biliary complications reported in most series are between 10% and 30%. This study describes our modified technique of biliary anastomosis and its effects on incidence of biliary complications. This was a single‐center retrospective study of 148 adult LDLT recipients between December 2011 and June 2014. Group 1 (n = 40) consisted of the first 40 patients for whom the standard technique of biliary anastomosis (minimal hilar dissection during donor duct division, high hilar division of the recipient bile duct, and preservation of the recipient duct periductal tissue) was used. Group 2 (n = 108) consisted of 108 patients for whom biliary anastomosis was done with the addition of corner‐sparing sutures and mucosal eversion of the recipient duct to the standard technique. Primary outcome measures included biliary complications (biliary leaks and strictures). Biliary complications occurred in 7/40 patients in group 1 (17.5%) and in 4/108 patients in group 2 (3.7%). The technical factors mentioned above are aimed at preserving the blood supply of the donor and recipient ducts and hold the key for minimizing biliary complications in adult‐to‐adult LDLT. Liver Transpl 22:14‐23, 2016. © 2015 AASLD.
Sclerostin Blockade and Zoledronic Acid Improve Bone Mass and Strength in Male Mice With Exogenous Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism in mice is associated with low bone mass, high bone turnover, and high concentrations of sclerostin, a potent Wnt inhibitor. Here, we explored the effects of either increasing bone formation with sclerostin antibodies (Scl-Ab) or reducing bone turnover with bisphosphonates on bone mass and strength in hyperthyroid mice. Twelve-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were rendered hyperthyroid using l-thyroxine (T4; 1.2 µg/mL added to the drinking water) and treated with 20 mg/kg Scl-Ab twice weekly or 100 µg/kg zoledronic acid (ZOL) once weekly or phosphate-buffered saline for 4 weeks. Hyperthyroid mice displayed a lower trabecular bone volume at the spine (-42%, P < 0.05) and the distal femur (-55%, P < 0.05) compared with euthyroid controls. Scl-Ab and ZOL treatment of hyperthyroid mice increased trabecular bone volume at the spine by threefold and twofold, respectively. Serum bone formation and resorption markers were increased in hyperthyroid mice and suppressed by treatment with ZOL but not Scl-Ab. Trabecular bone stiffness at the lumbar vertebra was 63% lower in hyperthyroid mice (P < 0.05) and was increased fourfold by Sci-Ab (P < 0.001) and threefold by ZOL treatment (P < 0.01). Bone strength based on ultimate load, which was 10% lower in hyperthyroidism, was increased by Scl-Ab by 71% and ZOL by 22% (both P < 0.001). Increased proportion of low mineralized bone seen in hyperthyroid mice was restored by treatment with Scl-Ab and ZOL. Thus, bone-forming and antiresorptive drugs prevent bone loss in hyperthyroid mice via different mechanisms.