Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and use of oral rehydration solution in the home management of diarrhea among mothers of under fives in Jos, Plateau State

Background: Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide, with an estimated 1.8 million childhood deaths annually, accounting for 17% of childhood deaths. Death can occur following severe dehydration if body fluids and electrolytes are not replenished either through the use of Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS) solution or intravenous fluid. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the level of use of ORS among mothers of under fives.Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted among 158 mothers of under-fives attending the FHC between November 2014 and April 2015 using quantitative method of data collection. Epi info statistical software version 3.5. 4 was used for data analysis with a 95% confidence interval was used in this study and a p-value of ? 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Result: The mean age of the respondents in this study was 29 5 years. Good knowledge of ORS was found among 94 (59.5%) of the respondent with a corresponding 96 (60.8%) engaging in good use of ORS in the management of diarrhoea disease for their under five children. Use of ORS in management of diarrhoea disease was significantly influenced by level o knowledge of ORS, age of the mothers, availability of prep-packed ORS and tertiary education.Conclusion: This study revealed a fairly high level of knowledge and practice of ORT in the home management of diarrhoea amongst mothers of underfives.
Introduction to the Bethe ansatz I

The Bethe ansatz for the one-dimensional s=1/2 Heisenberg ferromagnet is introduced at an elementary level. The presentation follows Bethe's original work very closely. A detailed description and a complete classification of all two-magnon scattering states and two-magnon bound states are given for finite and infinite chains. The paper is designed as a tutorial for beginning graduate students. It includes 10 problems for further study.
Distinguishing truthful from invented accounts using reality monitoring criteria

Purpose. Previous research has suggested that true and invented memories can be distinguished between using the reality monitoring criteria. Two different coding schemes were used to examine the correct classification of reports as truthful or deceptive on the basis of individual reality-monitoring (RM) criteria. Method. Drawing upon the RM framework the present experiment examined transcripts of verbal accounts of eyewitnesses to a staged event or made up details about the incident. The statements were elicited during a face-to-face cognitive interview (CI) and were analysed by coders trained in the identification of criteria indicative of self-experienced and invented accounts (referred to here as Version 1) and a similar coding method (referred to here as Version 2). Results. A distinction was made between ‘external memories’ (affective, perceptual, and contextual details) and ‘internal’ memories (cognitive operations). For Version 1, the results indicated a higher number of contextual and external details in the descriptions of experienced events and as is commonly found in the deception literature, truthful accounts were longer. For Version 2, temporal and auditory details were more frequent in true accounts. Contrary to prediction, there were also more references to cognitive operations in true accounts. Conclusions. Any forensic application of RM should consider how external factors (characteristics of the event, motivation to deceive, and questioning style) influence the presence of RM criteria.
How 'structural reforms' of labour markets harm innovation

Structural reforms of labour markets frustrate the diffusion of labour-saving technologies. Moreover, they damage the functioning of the ‘creative accumulation’ innovation model that depends on the long-run accumulation of firm-specific knowledge. It is not by accident that the champions of ‘structural reforms’ of the 1980s (i.e. the US, the UK, Australia or New Zealand) show persistently lower rates of labour productivity growth when compared to countries in ‘Old Europe’ and have problems competing in classical industries.
A framework for lean manufacturing implementation

The lean implementation initiatives can be categorised as roadmap, conceptual/implementation framework, descriptive and assessment checklist initiatives. A literature review on the lean initiatives has examined 28 initiatives. A set of rules is proposed to evaluate these initiatives with respect to nine factors impacting lean implementation. The evaluation has proved that the implementation frameworks have highest association with lean factors. However, existing lean initiatives are not demonstrated in a structured nature. The failure in managing lean implementation process is often consolidated to poor mind-set and inadequate understanding of the lean concept itself. In this paper, an attempt has been made to propose a framework to overcome some of the limitations. The proposed framework is constructed as a project-based framework with detailed four implementation phases. Appropriate practices and decision tools are proposed and assigned to each phase. However, the proposed framework is at conceptual stage. It requires further implementation to be validated.
Effect of Inorganic Compounds Varying in Lactating Dairy Cow

The problem primarily met in dairy cow feeding is to provide an energetically high-density ration without jeopardizing ruminal ecosystem, animal welfare and production performances (Zebeli et al. 2008). Enhancing energy supply through increased use of concentrates or rapidly fermentable fiber can swallow the rumen into acidosis. Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a common and economically important problem in well managed dairy herds. Failure to maintain a consistent rumen pH in high yielding dairy cows may result in metabolic disorders and reduced production performance (Tajik and Nazifi, 2011). The rumen pH will fall when organic acids that are produced during fermentation by rumen microbes accumulate and rumen buffering is not sufficient to prevent the increase in acidity (Plaizier et al. 2008). Chemical buffers in diets for ruminants to provide rumen pH in a range that is optimal for the activity of cellulose-degrading organisms (pH=6-7) are used. The need for buffering agents in dairy cattle diets depends on the secretion of salivary buffers, the buffering capacity of feed and feed acidogenic value. Wadhwa et al. (2001) have extended a simple laboratory based technique for evaluating ruminal acid load from feedstuffs based on the dissolution of Ca from CaCO3. The acidogenic value (AV) of the feedstuffs different with the nonUsing 24 hours in vitro cultures of rumen microorganisms, this study investigates the effect of buffering capacity of 2 inorganic compounds (M1=119.43 and M2=116.50 meq/L) on the in vitro rumen acidogenic value (AV), medium pH, dry matter disappearance (INVDMD) and methane emission of lactating dairy cow diets containing various forage to concentrate ratios as 40:60 (FC40:60) and 30:70 (FC30:70) in a completely randomized design. Inorganic compounds were included in the experimental diets at the rate of 0.0, 10 or 20 g/kg DM. Diet with higher amount of concentrate caused a decline in medium pH, an increase in both AV and IVDMD. The acidogenic value of FC40:6 containing M2 at 20, M1 at 10 and 20 g/kg DM and FC 30:70 plus M1 and M2 at 20 g/kg DM was the lowest. The lowest level of CH 0 4 emission (mL/0.20 g DM) was observed in FC30:70 plus M1 at the rate of 10 g/kg DM, while the highest level belongs to FC40:60 plus M1 at 10 g/kg DM and FC30:70 containing M1 at 20 and M2 at 10 g/kg DM. It has been concluded that the higher buffering capacity of a lactating diet might reduce the rumen acid load and increased IVDMD, while a diet with higher amount of concentrate causes to decline rumen methane emission.
Can the Chinese Trade Surplus Be Reduced Through Exchange Rate Policy?

This paper shows empirically that China's trade balance is sensitive to fluctuations in the real effective exchange rate of the renminbi, although the size of the surplus is such that exchange rate policy alone will be unable to address the imbalance. One of the main reasons why the reduction in the trade surplus is limited is that Chinese imports are reduced with a real appreciation of the renminbi.By estimating bilateral import equations, we find that it is imports from other Southeast Asian countries which fall.This result reflects the vertical integration of Southeast Asia with China through the 'Asian production network'. We find, in turn, that imports from Germany - which serve China's domestic demand - behave as one would expect, ie they increase with renminbi real appreciation.All in all, our results raise concerns on the impact of renminbi appreciation on Southeast Asia even if regional currencies do not follow the renminbi's upward trajectory. Keywords: China, trade, exports, real exchange rate JEL classification: F1, F14
A lean environmental benchmarking (LEB) method for the management of cutting tools

Manufacturing companies are striving hard to remain competitive hence, they rely on a number of resources to meet customers’ expectations, among which cutting tools are included. This paper addresses the problems faced in the management of cutting tools activities. Production managers have highlighted the lack of procedures containing metrics and targets that would show them whether their company is able to perform an efficient management, and if it is capable of supporting the deployment process. In this context, this paper presents a novel lean environmental benchmarking (LEB) method for performing a diagnosis of practices and performances to support the implementation of a cutting tool management strategy and/or the effective management of these assets. Strategic, technical and logistical aspects are addressed, particularly, with regard to management focused on lean manufacturing and environmental aspects. Field studies were performed in nine Brazilian companies in the metal-mechanical sector to validate the LEB method proposed. The LEB method helped the participant organisations to clarify the various activities that involved the management of their cutting tools, while the field studies indicated that all nine organisations had a great concern regarding the preservations of the environment, and also an effective utilisation of resources spent for machining components.
An integrated cellular automata evolutionary-based approach for evaluating future scenarios and the expansion of urban drainage networks

The paper describes and demonstrates an integrated cellular automata evolutionary-based approach for evaluating future scenarios including the expansion of urban drainage networks. The approach can be used to derive a drainage network layout based on future land use scenarios. Two techniques are used to derive the layout of the system: one using agent-based modelling and the other using similar principles built as a set of raster operations within ArcGIS. The tools and models are applied to a case study in Birmingham, UK. The results show that both techniques perform well for carrying out a scoping analysis at an urban scale. The case study shows that the application of the proposed approach for simulating urban growth processes and the consequent expansion of the drainage networks can achieve promising results. The interconnected drainage model for Birmingham shows that future developments will contribute further to flooding problems if no improvements are made to the existing drainage system. The same approach can be used to identify those drainage system elements that require immediate attention and which need to be replaced in order to improve the overall system performance.
Mutational Analysis of Various Sub-Genomic Regions of HCV and Their Role in Interferon Therapy Response

Combination therapy with interferon (IFN) and ribavirin for 24 to 48 weeks is the current standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Success rate is 67-80%. There are four subgenomic regions of HCV in which distinct mutations have been observed in response to IFN therapy; E2-PePHD, NS5A- ISDR, NS5A-PKRBD and NS5A-V3 domains. Current meta analysis gives comprehensive details of mutations in subgenomic regions and their role in non responsiveness to IFN treatment. It has been observed that E2-PePHD region is well conserved region and show high sensitivity to IFN-ribavirin tiherapy. The substitutions within the NS5A-ISDR to the treatment outcome are conflicting. Mutations within the NS5A-PKRBD of HCV type 1 are associated with a long-term sustained response to IFN-ribavirin therapy. There is a considerable association between efficacy of treatment and a high mutation rate within NS5A-V3 domain has been observed. There are also other domains of HCV i.e. IRRDR, CRS and NLS, but no significant mutations been studied in these regions, more research is to be required.
Review of research on alcohol dependence in a model of mice selected for high and low stress-induced analgesia

1Laboratory of Neurogenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland 2Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology and Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland 3Institute of Health Sciences, Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education, Biała Podlaska, Poland
FLUPWENAZINE DECANOATE IN ACUTE AND ~AINTEN~CE THERAPY OF SCHIZOP~K~NIA

ALtamura, Alfred0 Carlo, Massimo C. Mauri, Grazia Guercetti and Carlo L. Gazzullo: Fluphenazine decanoate in acute and maintenance therapy of schizophrenia. Prag. NeuroPsychopharmacol. & Biol. Psychiat. 1987, 11: 613-623.
The behavior of cable-stayed bridges having different cable arrangements under static and dynamic loads

Cable-stayed bridges have recently been preferred to cross middle or large size spans because of having high capacity of load-carrying, low cost, esthetic look and short building periods. As the population grows, number of vehicles and necessity of motorways for transportation grow as well. In the projects, bridges are designed containing two or three decks instead of one large deck. In this study, behavior fan shaped, harp shaped and semi-harp type cable-stayed, with double deck, bridges having the same condition of deck, tower and support were examined.
Differences in nutritional characteristics of three varieties of sorghum grain determine their in vitro rumen fermentation

The effect of phenolic compounds and protein matrix on microbial fermentation of three sorghum grains (S1, S2 and S3) were studied in vitro. Total phenolics and total tannins concentration (g/kg dry matter, DM) were 1.5 and 0.2 for S1, 19.3 and 8.1 for S2 and 2.6 and 1.3 for S3. Protein enzymatic digestibility was 0.614, 0.226 and 0.454, respectively. Trial 1 was conducted for 24 h, without or with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to determine the effect of phenolic compounds on fermentation. Without PEG, gas production for S1 was the highest after 24 h (257, 237 and 238 mL/g organic matter, for S1, S2 and S3; p<0.05), and higher proportion of propionate at the expense of acetate was recorded with S3 after 6 h. Gas produced with S1 and S3 remained unaffected (p>0.10), but increased in S2 by 0.21 to 0.30 with vs. without PEG. No differences in gas production between S1 and S2 were observed with PEG, S3 recording the lowest (p<0.05) values from 8 h onwards. Addition of PEG reduced proportion of butyrate (p<0.05) and increased three-fold lactate (1.62 vs. 4.98 mM; p<0.001). In Trial 2 (12 h) gas production followed a similar pattern. Without PEG, starch disappearance was the highest in S1 (0.356, 0.231 and 0.216, respectively), but no differences were recorded with PEG. Considering differences in protein digestibility and the effect of phenolic compounds, the effect of starch nature and structure on fermentation is apparently minor. Colour of grain is not necessarily related to phenolic compounds proportion or rumen utilization.
Coupling slope–area analysis, integral approach and statistic tests to steady-state bedrock river profile analysis

Abstract. Slope–area analysis and the integral approach have both been widely used in stream profile analysis. The former is better at identifying changes in concavity indices but produces stream power parameters with high uncertainties relative to the integral approach. The latter is much better for calculating channel steepness. Limited work has been done to couple the advantages of the two methods and to remedy such drawbacks. Here we show the merit of the log-transformed slope–area plot to determine changes in concavities and then to identify colluvial, bedrock and alluvial channels along river profiles. Via the integral approach, we obtain bedrock channel concavity and steepness with high precision. In addition, we run bivariant linear regression statistic tests for the two methods to examine and eliminate serially correlated residuals because they may bias both the estimated value and the precision of stream power parameters. We finally suggest that the coupled process, integrating the advantages of both slope–area analysis and the integral approach, can be a more robust and capable method for bedrock river profile analysis.
CaMn0.9Mg0.1O3-δ as Oxygen Carrier in a Gas-Fired 10 kWth Chemical-Looping Combustion Unit

Spray dried particles of the perovskite material CaMn0.9Mg0. 1O3-δ have been examined as oxygen carrier for chemical-looping combustion of natural gas. The experiments have been conducted in a continuously operating reactor with the nominal size 10 kWth. The oxygen carrier particles showed excellent ability to convert fuel and complete combustion was reached at certain conditions. In general, the CO2 yield increased with increased fuel reactor temperature and with increased circulation rate. The oxygen carrier was able to release gaseous oxygen through the so called CLOU-mechanism (Chemical-Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling). When the fuel reactor was fluidized by inert gas, there was oxygen release at temperatures above 700°C, reaching a maximum of more than 3% for temperatures above 850°C. Gas phase oxygen was also measured during operation with fuel, as long as the fuel conversion was complete. When the fuel reactor temperature was above 900°C and a high enough circulation rate was maintained, complete combustion of the fuel was achieved with an oxygen concentration in the outlet stream from the fuel reactor of more than 1%. This suggests that a substantial part of the fuel is converted by gaseous oxygen released from the particles. The oxygen carrier particles were subject to more than 350 h of fluidization, of which more than 175 h was at high temperature and more than 55 h with addition of fuel. The particles did not show any tendencies to form hard agglomerations or break down to fines due to attrition during the experiments. Operational problems included high rate of particle elutriation, which was likely an effect of a mismatch between the size and density of the particles, the air flow and the cyclone.
Retaining Management Talent: What Hospitality Professionals Want from Their Jobs

One of the primary challenges that the hospitality industry continues to face is high levels of turnover. With an eye toward finding ways for the industry to reduce unwanted turnover, we examine turnover intentions of one the most critical groups of employees: namely, management staff. Using a sample of 401 graduates of the Cornell University School of Hotel Administration (with graduation dates of 1987 through 2002), this study identifies the job features that enhance managers' commitment levels to their organizations and to the industry generally, as well as reduce their likelihood of leaving both. A key finding of this study is that these hospitality professionals are actively managing their careers. To that end, they are looking for challenging jobs that offer growth opportunities, competent leadership, and fair compensation. Foremost among those factors is the chance to gain career growth through increasingly challenging assignments. While a substantial number of respondents were motivated by external factors, such as compensation, most of the respondents find the greatest motivation from the internal aspects of the job, including the opportunity for personal and career growth and the chance to make a contribution to the organization. To the degree that those desired jobs features are in place, hospitality managers' commitment levels will rise. Managers' commitment to performing challenging work especially reduces their likelihood of leaving their companies and the industry.
EFFECTS OF HOMOGENEOUS-HETEROGENEOUS CHEMICAL REACTION AND SLIP VELOCITY ON MHD STAGNATION FLOW OF A MICROPOLAR FLUID OVER A PERMEABLE STRETCHING/SHRINKING SURFACE EMBEDDED IN A POROUS MEDIUM

We report on a mathematical model for analyzing the effects of homogeneous-heterogeneous chemical reaction and slip velocity on the MHD stagnation point flow of electrically conducting micropolar fluid over a stretching/shrinking surface embedded in a porous medium. The governing boundary layer coupled partial differential equations are transformed into a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically using the MATLAB bvp4c solver. The effects of physical and fluid parameters such as the stretching parameter, micropolar parameter, permeability parameter, strength of homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction parameter on the velocity and concentration are analyzed, and these results are presented through graphs. The solute concentration at the surface is found to decrease with the strength of the homogeneous reaction, and to increase with heterogeneous reactions, the permeability parameter and stretching or shrinking parameters. Comparison between the previously published results and the present numerical results for various special cases has been done and are found to be an excellent agreement.
When do firms undertake R&D by investing in new ventures?

We explore the conditions under which firms are likely to pursue equity investment in new ventures as a way to source innovative ideas. We find that firms invest more in new ventures—commonly referred to as ‘corporate venture capital’—in industries with weak intellectual property protection and, to some extent, in industries with high technological ferment and where complementary distribution capability is important. Furthermore, we find that the greater a firm's cash flow and absorptive capacity, the more likely it is to invest. Our results suggest that in Schumpeterian environments incumbents may supplement their innovative efforts by tapping into the knowledge generated by new ventures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.