Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Performance Analysis of RPL Objective Functions in IoT Networks

As the movement for a vast implementation of IoT networks is rapidly accelerating, so many researchers are working to analyze the performance of RPL, the widely-used routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. The analysis usually involves a small number of metrics studied under a limited number of scenarios. In this paper however, we provide a comprehensive study for the performance of the two objective functions used in RPL; MRHOF and OF0, using the Cooja simulator in Contiki operating system. Using static-grid and mobile-random topologies with 25, 49, and 81 sender nodes including one sink node. Each topology was tested with three transmission ranges of 11, 20, and 50 meters to simulate sparse, moderate and dense networks. The selected metrics are convergence time, changes in DoDAG tree structures, average churn in the network, Average Power Consumption, Average Listen Duty Cycle, Average Transmit Duty Cycle, Average received packets, average lost packets, average duplicate packets, and average hop count. In fixed networks, the results show that OF0 usually perform better than MRHOF in terms of Energy Consumption, Convergence Time in the Static-Grid Topology, Listen Duty Cycle, and Transmit Duty Cycle.
Discordance Between Psychometric Testing and Questionnaire-Based Definitions of Executive Function Deficits in Individuals With ADHD

Objective: One suspected source of negative outcomes associated with ADHD has been deficits in executive functions. Although both psychometrically defined and self-reported executive function deficits (EFDs) have been shown to be associated with poor academic and occupational outcomes, whether these two approaches define the same individuals remains unknown. Method: Participants were 194 adults with ADHD from a case-control study of ADHD. Empirically based cutoffs were ascertained for an EFD diagnosis on both psychometric tests and scores on the Current Behavior Scale. Results: Results showed a modest overlap between the psychometric and self-reported definitions of EFDs. Whereas neuropsychological testing largely identified individuals with lower IQ and achievement testing, the behavioral questionnaire largely identified individuals with higher levels of ADHD symptoms, psychiatric comorbidity, and interpersonal deficits. Conclusion: Results indicate that behavioral questionnaires cannot be used interchangeably with neuropsychological testing for the assessment of EFDs in adults with ADHD. (J. of Att. Dis. 2008; 12(1) 92-102)
Factors In The Natural Language Of Personality: Re-Analysis, Comparison, And Interpretation Of Six Major Studies.

Psychometric studies of the organization of the "natural language of personality" have typically employed rating scales as measurement medium and factor analysis as statistical technique. The results of such investigations over the past 30 years have varied greatly, both with respect to number of factors and with respect to the constructs generated. Re-analysis of the correlations of six studies, including the classical work of Cattell, indicated that the domain appears to be well described by five factors, with some suggestion of a sixth. The five factors were related across studies, using the Kaiser-Hunka-Bianchini method. Generally, the factors were highly related, with most indices of relatedness exceeding . 90. The five-factor model was tested by the multiple-group method, used to factor a large-scale study of teachers' ratings of children. With slight modification of the originally hypothesized structure, the five-factor model accounted for the observed relationships quite well. The five constructs suggested by the factors appear to be domains of research effort and theoretical concern which have long been of interest to psychologists.
Regional specificity in the real‐time development of phasic dopamine transmission patterns during acquisition of a cue–cocaine association in rats

Drug seeking is significantly regulated by drug‐associated cues and associative learning between environmental cues and cocaine reward is mediated by dopamine transmission within the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, dopamine transmission during early acquisition of a cue–cocaine association has never been assessed because of the technical difficulties associated with resolving cue‐evoked and cocaine‐evoked dopamine release within the same conditioning trial. Here, we used fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry to measure sub‐second fluctuations in dopamine concentration within the NAc core and shell during the initial acquisition of a cue–cocaine Pavlovian association. Within the NAc core, cue‐evoked dopamine release developed during conditioning. However, within the NAc shell, the predictive cue appeared to cause an unconditioned decrease in dopamine concentration. The pharmacological effects of cocaine also differed between sub‐regions, as cocaine increased phasic dopamine release events within the NAc shell but not the core. Thus, real‐time measurements not only revealed the initial development of a conditioned neurochemical response but also demonstrated differential phasic dopamine transmission patterns across NAc sub‐regions during the acquisition of a cue–cocaine association.
Analysis of inhomogeneously filled waveguides using a bi-orthonormal-basis method

A general theoretical formulation to analyze inhomogeneously filled waveguides with lossy dielectrics is presented in this paper. The wave equations for the tranverse-field components are written in terms of a nonself-adjoint linear operator and its adjoint. The eigenvectors of this pair of linear operators define a biorthonormal-basis, allowing for a matrix representation of the wave equations in the basis of an auxiliary waveguide. Thus, the problem of solving a system of differential equations is transformed into a linear matrix eigenvalue problem. This formulation is applied to rectangular waveguides loaded with an arbitrary number of dielectric slabs centered at arbitrary points. The comparison with theoretical results available in the literature gives good agreement.
Growth of Organic Nonlinear Optical Crystals from Solution

Investigations on the growth of good quality single crystals play an important role in the development of modern scientific world with advanced technology. Behind the development in every new solid state device and the explosion in solid state device, there stands a single crystal. Crystal growth is an important field of materials science, which involves controlled phase transformation. In the past few decades, there has been a growing interest in crystal growth process, particularly in view of the increasing demand for materials for technological applications (Brice, 1986). Researchers worldwide have always been in the search of new materials and their single crystal growth. Solids exist in two forms namely single crystals, polycrystalline and amorphous materials depending upon the arrangement of constituent molecules, atoms or ions. An ideal crystal is one, in which the surroundings of any atom would be exactly the same as the surroundings of every similar atom. Real crystals are finite and contain defects. However, single crystals are solids in the most uniform condition that can be attained and this is the basis for most of the uses of these crystals. The uniformity of single crystals can allow the transmission without the scattering of electro magnetic waves. The methods of growing crystals are very wide and mainly dictated by the characteristics of the material and its size (Buckley, 1951).
Functional dissociation of apelin receptor signaling and endocytosis: implications for the effects of apelin on arterial blood pressure

Apelin is a novel neuropeptide involved in the regulation of body fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular functions. It acts through a G protein‐coupled receptor, the APJ receptor. We studied the structure–activity relationships of apelin at the rat apelin receptor, tagged at its C‐terminal end with enhanced green fluorescent protein and stably expressed in CHO cells. We evaluated the potency of N‐ and C‐terminal deleted fragments of K17F to bind with high affinity to the apelin receptor, and to inhibit cAMP production and to induce apelin receptor internalization. We first characterized the internalization and trafficking of the rat apelin receptor. This receptor was internalized via a clathrin‐dependent mechanism and our results suggest that receptor trafficking may follow a recycling pathway. We then tried to identify the amino acids of K17F required for apelin activity. The first five N‐terminal and the last two C‐terminal amino acids of K17F were not essential for apelin binding or the inhibition of cAMP production. However, the full‐length sequence of K17F was the most potent inducer of apelin receptor internalization because successive N‐terminal amino‐acid deletions progressively reduced internalization and the removal of a single amino acid at the C‐terminus abolished this process. Finally, the most novel observation of this work is that hypotensive actions of apelin peptides correlate best with the ability of those ligands to internalize. Thus, apelin receptor signaling and endocytosis are functionally dissociated, possibly reflecting the existence of several conformational states of this receptor, stabilized by the binding of different apelin fragments to the apelin receptor.
Incidence of anti-toxoplasma antibodies in women with high-risk pregnancy and habitual abortions

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite. In pregnant women on the worldwide scale, there are seroprevalences from 7% to 51.3% and in women with abnormal pregnancies and abortions the seroprevalences vary from 17.5% to 52.3%. In Mexico, seropositivity has been found to vary from 18.2% to 44.8% in women with abnormal deliveries or abortions. This study's aim was to determine the incidence oflgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in women at the Gineco-Obstetrics Hospital of the Western Medical Center of the Mexican Social Security Institute. Three hundred and fifty women with high-risk pregnancies were studied, and 122 (34.9%) were found to be IgG seropositive and 76 (20.7%) were IgM positive. In one group of women with habitual abortions there were 48 (44.9%) with the preseiwe of IgG antibodies and 33 (33-3%) were IgM seropositive. Seropositivity was analyzed according to age, occupation, socio-economic level, eating raw or poorly cooked meat, and living with cats.
Antimicrobial prophylaxis of infective endocarditis: effect of BSAC recommendations on compliance in general practice.

General dental practitioners in the South West Region of the U.K. were surveyed to assess compliance with the recently published recommendations of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy on the antimicrobial prophylaxis of infective endocarditis. For the majority of dental patients, the level of prophylaxis had improved compared with previous reports: 75% of practitioners organized the prophylaxis themselves, 80% gave oral amoxycillin to penicillin non-allergic patients, and 86% gave erythromycin to penicillin-allergic patients. Some 51% complied to an acceptable level with recommended amoxycillin schedules but only 2% complied with erythromycin schedules. The BSAC recommended prophylactic regimens have certainly improved compliance although they are not yet universally accepted.
Differential activity of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in the embryonic mouse thalamus

In neural development, several Wnt genes are expressed in the vertebrate diencephalon, including the thalamus. However, roles of Wnt signaling in the thalamus during neurogenesis are not well understood. We examined Wnt/β‐catenin activity in embryonic mouse thalamus and found that a Wnt target gene Axin2 and reporter activity of BAT‐gal transgenic mice show similar, differential patterns within the thalamic ventricular zone, where ventral and rostral regions had lower activity than other regions. Expression of Wnt ligands and signaling components also showed complex, differential patterns. Finally, based on partially reciprocal patterns of Wnt and Shh signals in the thalamic ventricular zone, we tested if Shh signal is sufficient or necessary for the differential Axin2 expression. Analysis of mice with enhanced or reduced Shh signal showed that Axin2 expression is similar to controls. These results suggest that differential Wnt signaling may play a role in patterning the thalamus independent of Shh signaling. Developmental Dynamics 238:3297–3309, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Yield and fruit quality evaluation in husk tomato autotetraploids (Physalis ixocarpa) and diploids.

Tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.) is a native species of Mexico and Central America, ranking fourth in cultivated area among main vegetables in Mexico. The objective was to evaluate and select, husk tomato autotetraploid and diploid populations for yield and fruit quality. Five autotetraploid populations with higher yields and fruit quality, previously selected for an assessment study of autotetraploids formed by the action of colchicines were used. The five autotetraploid populations were compared with four diploid populations with outstanding agronomic traits in the source regions. The populations were established under a completely randomized block design with four replications. The studied traits were: Fruit yield, fruit weight, fruits per plant, equatorial and polar fruit diameter, total soluble fruit solids, fruit firmness, pH and vitamin C content. The diploids showed the following characteristics; fruit yield=1.809 kg plant -1 ; number of fruits per plant=56.227. The autotetraploid presented fruit yield = 1.688 kg plant -1 , number of fruits per plant = 60.776. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between locations, and between populations for most variables, indicating that they responded in a different way to the environments and to both ploidy levels under study. When comparing the group of four diploid populations with the five autotetraploids, significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) were found for polar and equatorial diameter of fruit, and fruit firmness (p ≤ 0.05), for vitamin C, however when comparing the Rendidora diploid with the group of five autotetraploids, significant differences were found (p ≤ 0.01) for fruit weight, fruit equatorial and polar diameters, fruit firmness and vitamin C content, and (p ≤ 0.05) for fruit yield per plant and number of fruits per plant. The chromosomal duplication in husk tomato Physalis ixocarpa contributed to the change in the shape of the fruits which flattened at the poles with the presence of gaps between the endocarp and the mesocarp. The vitamin C content in autotetraploids was enhanced which contributed to the improvement of the fruit nutritional quality. It is noteworthy that the evaluated autotetraploids are materials needing a process of selection and chromosomal stabilization in order to achieve the full expression of their genetic potential.
The impact of framing on consumer selection of energy tariffs

The issue how to convince energy consumers to switch from traditional to renewable energy imposes a major challenge upon the energy industry. So far, researchers mainly pointed to the role of consumers' positive attitude toward renewable energy in such switching behavior. The major aim of the present study was to explore if the “framing” of tariff-related messages also impacts people's selection of renewable energy. Results of three behavioral experiments reveal that consumers respond differently to the positive or negative framing of tariff-related messages, also depending on their high or low attitude toward renewable energy. This indicates that framing effects do impact energy tariff selection, and that we can more effectively promote sustainable energy consumption once we frame information concerning renewable energy tariffs in congruence with consumers' energy-related attitudes.
Actigraphic home-monitoring sleep-disturbed and control infants and young children: a new method for pediatric assessment of sleep-wake patterns.

Two studies were conducted to evaluate actigraphic home-monitoring for the assessment of infants' and children's sleep patterns. In the first study, 11 children (aged 12 to 48 months) were monitored in the laboratory by traditional polysomnography and by actigraphy for one night. Actigraphic automatic sleep-wake scorings were compared with those of the polysomnograph; total agreement rate was 85.3%. In the second study, sleep patterns of 63 sleep-disturbed and 34 control healthy children (aged 9 to 27 months) were compared. These children were home-monitored by actigraph for a mean of 4.45 nights (total 482 nights). Actigraphic data were analyzed by an automated scoring procedure. Sleep quality of the sleep-disturbed children, measured by actigraphically derived sleep percent and number of longer-than-5-minute wakings, was significantly lower than that of the control subjects (P less than .0001). Sleep measures showed significant night-to-night stability in both groups. The stability of specific measures and their age trends were different between the groups. Actigraphic sleep measures alone could discriminate between sleep-disturbed and control children with a highly correct assignment rate of 79.4% and 91.2%, respectively.
Sudden increase in virulence in a strain of Plasmodium berghei yoelii.

The mild and chronic 17X strain of Plasmodium berghei yoelii showed a sudden increase in virulence following a period of 110 days in the deep freeze. The enhanced virulence was seen in a very high and early parasite peak in the blood and a 100% mortality of all infected mice. The exalted virulence remained unaltered following a number of blood transfers of the strain and after four cyclical transmissions through Anopheles stephensi. Enzyme pattern studies revealed that the virulent strain possessed the enzyme types GPI-1 and 6 PGD-4,-both characteristic for strain 17X of P.b. yoelii. Studies carried out to investigate the possibility of a concomitant viral infection transferred by blood passage, which could have been responsible for the enhanced virulence and mortality in the infected mice, showed no presence of any detectable virus in the blood of the P.b. yoelii infected mice. It is suggested that virulence may provide a marker in genetic work of rodent plasmodia and be included in association with enzyme and drug resistance markers.
Subclavian Puncture for Pacemaker Lead Placement

In a recent issue of AnnaJs of Thoracic Surgery (Ann, Thorac. Surg,, 41:438, 1986) this editorialist published data concerning the implantation of dual chamber pacemakers via venous cutdown; it was concluded that such an approach allowed implantation of three-quarters of all dual chamber pacemakers which require both an atrial and a ventricular lead, without subclavian puncture and, presumably, would have allowed an even higher proportion of single chamber pacemaker implants. Venous access could be achieved without the risk of pneumothorax, hemothorax, and hembpneumothorax, all of which are significant and sonietimes even lethal complications. Since preparation of that manuscript I have become even more convinced that the difference between occasional serious complications and the absence of such complications is very significant.
Elevated Intracranial Pressures in Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks

Background Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is a condition that previously has been considered idiopathic and classified as having “normal” intracranial pressure (ICP). We present clinical and radiographic evidence that indicates elevated ICP in this group. In addition, we review the pathophysiology and unique management issues in caring for patients with spontaneous CSF leak. Methods We present a retrospective review of medical records, imaging studies, ICP measurements, and surgical treatment of patients with spontaneous CSF leaks. Results Sixteen patients with spontaneous CSF leaks were surgically treated from 1996 to 2002. Ten patients underwent postoperative lumbar puncture with CSF pressure measurement during clinically indicated computed tomography cisternograms. Intracranial pressures were elevated in all 10 patients, with a mean of 26.5 cm H2O and a range of 17.3–34 cm H2O, (normal, 0–15 cm H2O). Demographically, 13/16 patients were women, all were middle-aged with a mean age of 49.6 years, and 15/16 patients were obese with a mean body mass index of 35.9 kg/m2. Radiographically, 15 patients had imaging of the sella turcica, 10 patients had completely empty sellas, and 5 patients had partially empty sellas. Surgical repair was 100% successful in leak cessation with a mean follow-up of 14.1 months. Conclusion Although the precise cause and mechanism of spontaneous CSF leaks is not fully understood, this study sheds light on important factors to consider. Patients with this condition have similar physical and radiographic findings such as middle-aged, female gender, obesity, and empty sella. Additional investigation is needed to determine the exact cause of the condition, its relationship to elevated ICPs, and if further medical or surgical treatments to correct the intracranial hypertension are warranted.
In Situ Ptychography of Heterogeneous Catalysts using Hard X-Rays: High Resolution Imaging at Ambient Pressure and Elevated Temperature

Abstract A new closed cell is presented for in situ X-ray ptychography which allows studies under gas flow and at elevated temperature. In order to gain complementary information by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the cell makes use of a Protochips E-chipTM which contains a small, thin electron transparent window and allows heating. Two gold-based systems, 50 nm gold particles and nanoporous gold as a relevant catalyst sample, were used for studying the feasibility of the cell. Measurements showing a resolution around 40 nm have been achieved under a flow of synthetic air and during heating up to temperatures of 933 K. An elevated temperature exhibited little influence on image quality and resolution. With this study, the potential of in situ hard X-ray ptychography for investigating annealing processes of real catalyst samples is demonstrated. Furthermore, the possibility to use the same sample holder for ex situ electron microscopy before and after the in situ study underlines the unique possibilities available with this combination of electron microscopy and X-ray microscopy on the same sample.
The effect of BLyS on the activity of peripheral B lymphocytes mediated by BLyS receptors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract The study was promoted to probe into the effect of BLyS on the activity of peripheral B lymphocytes mediated by BLyS receptors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Thirty new-onset patients having fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) revised criteria for the diagnosis of SLE. Twenty age-matched healthy volunteers were recruited for this study. Peripheral blood samples were used to analyze the expression of BLyS protein and related receptors (BR3, TACI), to detect peripheral B cell subpopulations of different phases. Clinical disease activity was evaluated according to the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI-2000). The percentage of CD19+CD5+, CD19+CD27+, CD19+CD38+ and total CD19+ in the peripheral blood is significantly higher in SLE patients than that in healthy controls (p < 0.01). BLyS concentrations and TACI expression are up-regulated in SLE patients (p < 0.01) while BR3 showed no differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). BLyS concentrations and TACI MFI both showed positive correlation with SLEDAI (r2 = 0.391, p < 0.001, r2 = 0.339, p = 0.001), whereas BR3 expression showed no relationship with SLEDAI. The disorders of peripheral B cell subsets maybe reflect the effect of BLyS on the activity of peripheral B lymphocytes mediated by BLyS receptors. The significant up-regulation of BLyS and its receptors, especially TACI may serve as a target for the treatment of SLE.