Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extender for Sperm Dilution in Olive Ridley Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) and Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) Semen

The objective of the study was to find an extender to dilute and preserve sea turtle semen. Six adult olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea), and 4 adult hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) from Phuket Marine Biological Center and Eastern Marine and Coastal Resources Research Center in Thailand had semen collected using electroejaculator. The study was repeated twice in 2007 and 2008. After collection, each semen sample was divided and preserved in 8 different extenders, which were 1) refrigeration medium test yolk buffer, 2) Tyrode medium supplemented with albumin, lactate and pyruvate, 3) Beltsville poultry semen extender, 4) 3% Sodium citrate buffer, 5) Phosphatebuffered solution, 6) EEL extender, 7) 1% bovine serum albumin, and 8) HAM F-10 and kept at 4C and evaluated for viability (motile sperm) at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. The results found that for 28% olive ridley turtles and 25% hawksbill turtles that their spermatozoa diluted in extender 1, and for 14% of both sea turtles that their spermatozoa diluted in extender 2 could survive for 24 hours. However, the motility from both sea turtles semen in both extenders was decreased by 50-80 %. Most sperm died after being diluted in the last 6 extenders. By conclusion, extender 1 and 2 were suitable extenders for sea turtle semen viability, however, adding other ingredients should be considered to enhance in viability.
"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BACK PAIN AND MORTALITY IN OLDER ADULTS VARIES WITH DISABILITY AND GENDER – RESULTS FROM THE CAMBRIDGE OVER-75S COHORT

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BACK PAIN AND MORTALITY IN OLDER ADULTS VARIES WITH DISABILITY AND GENDER – RESULTS FROM THE CAMBRIDGE OVER-75S COHORT (CC75C) STUDY, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/ejp.568 This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. "
Genetic linkage maps of 'Pêra' sweet orange and 'Cravo' mandarin with RAPD markers

The objective of this work was to construct linkage maps of 'Pera' sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and 'Cravo' mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) using RAPD markers and the pseudo-testcross strategy. The parents were chosen according to the resistance/susceptibility to citrus variegate chlorosis (CVC). The segregation of 176 markers was analyzed in 94 progeny of F1 hybrids, which were obtained from controlled crossings. The linkage map of 'Pera' sweet orange had 117 markers defined by 12 linkage groups, which spanned 612.1 cM. Only six markers could not be linked to the linkage group and 48.7% of the markers showed segregation distortion. The linkage map of 'Cravo' mandarin had 51 markers defined by 12 linkage groups, which spanned 353.3 cM. Only two markers did not link to the groups and 15.7% showed segregation distortion. The construction of linkage maps is relevant to future mapping studies of the inheritance of CVC, citrus canker and leprosis.
EFFECTIVENESS OF DISCHARGING PLAN ON SELF-CARE BEHAVIORS OF PATIENTS AFTER CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of applying discharge on self-care reports among patients undergone to coronary artery bypass surgery. In this clinical trial study 80 patients who undergone coronary artery bypass surgery randomized in two control and experimental groups. The control group received only usual care and in the experimental group discharging plan administered including: 5 educational sessions- providing manual at discharge time and follow up with ten times phone contact with patients after discharge. The self-care questionnaire administered pre- post, 2 weeks and two months after an educational intervention among patients of both experimental and control groups. The Chi square statistic was used to compare background variables such as gender and marital status. The t-test was also used to compare continuous data eg.Age. Finally the repeated measure analysis of variance was used to compare self-care scores of the groups. The results showed there was not a significant difference between two groups before the intervention. But there was a significant difference in self-care behaviour reports between experimental and control group after the discharge plan intervention (P= 0/0001). Administration of discharging plan is an effective method for enhancement of self-carebehaviours in patients after coronary bypass surgery which suggesting as a potentially critical program to administer in the whole country.
Simulation of Chloride Diffusion in Cracked Concrete with Different Crack Patterns

Chloride-induced corrosion of steel rebar is one of the primary durability problems for reinforced concrete structures in marine environment. Furthermore, if the surfaces of concrete structures have cracks, additional chloride can penetrate into concrete through cracked zone. For chloride ingression into cracked concrete, former researches mainly focus on influence of crack width on chloride diffusion coefficients. Other crack characteristics, such as chloride depth, crack shape (equal-width crack or tapered crack), crack density, and spacing, are not studied in detail. To fill this gap, this paper presents a numerical procedure to simulate chloride ingression into cracked concrete with different crack geometry characteristics. Cracked concrete is divided into two parts, sound zone and cracked zone. For stress-free concrete, the diffusion coefficient of sound zone is approximately assumed to be the same as sound concrete, and the diffusion coefficient of cracked zone is expressed as a piecewise function of crack width. Two-dimensional finite element method is used to determine chloride concentration. It is found that, with the increasing of crack width, crack depth, and crack amount, chloride ingression will aggravate. The analysis results generally agree with experimental results.
To study the prevalence of insulin resistance in non-diabetes hypertensive subjects

Background: Hypertension is an important medical and public health problem in both developed and developing countries. It is an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke and renal disease. It is well recognized that hypertension coexists in varying degrees with conditions of obesity, insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia, the interrelated metabolic disorders characteristic of metabolic syndrome. Methods: The study was carried out at Sri Guru Ram Das hospital, Amritsar, Punjab, India. A total of 150 patients were taken, out of which 75 were hypertensive and 75 healthy subjects more than 18 years of age were recruited. Serum insulin concentration was measured using a solid phase enzyme linked immunoassay based on the sandwich principle. Insulin resistance was determined by HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance). Results: Statistically, the mean fasting serum insulin level was 17.09±8.17 μIu/ml in cases and 9.33±2. 67μIU/ml in controls (reference range 2-25 μIU/ml); the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). The mean value of HOMA-IR in cases was 3.86±1.84 as compared with controls with mean HOMA -IR value of 2.01±0.62. This difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). Conclusions: Essential hypertension is significantly associated with higher mean fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance. Hyperinsulinemia has a possible role in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension with insulin resistance being the likely predominant mechanism.
Connecting Hand, Mind, and Community: Vocational Education for Social and Environmental Renewal

Background/Context The main goal for vocational education at the secondary level has historically been the preparation of youth for the world of work. As a result, research, policy, and practice in this area have mostly focused on how to smooth this transition, address high costs, and ensure that there are positive economic returns to the individual and society. The focus on these goals, although important, has meant that other vital areas have not been addressed: namely, how to ensure that vocational education promotes a sense of empowerment, fosters a stronger sense of community, and seeks to protect the natural environment. Purpose and Focus of the Study This article stresses the importance of imbuing the theory and practice of vocational education with social justice and concern for environmental degradation at the local level. The approach to vocational education presented here proposes the use of productive learning as a foundation for a well-rounded education that breaks down the nefarious dualisms of contemporary education (i.e., the separation of mind from body, theory from practice, individuals from collectivity, and school from community) while exposing students to a critical pedagogy of work and to its potential for social and environmental renewal. Setting To illustrate the theoretical insights provided in the first two sections of this article, the author explores a public secondary school in northern Colombia that, under difficult social and material conditions, has developed a noteworthy vocational program. Research Design This analytic essay illustrates its main points with examples derived from a case study in which field observations, extensive in-person interviews, document analysis, and telephone conversations were conducted between 1997 and 2000. Findings and Conclusions The school helps to illustrate what a long series of writers from the late 18th century onward have stated: that productive work ought to be an intrinsic component of any responsible form of education. Moreover, it makes clear the importance of contextualizing learning in authentic settings. Although some important inroads have been made in connecting vocational education to critical pedagogy, the connections with environmental sustainability are still in their infancy. Despite calls from international organizations such as the International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training, a branch of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO-UNEVOC) to link vocational education and training to sustainable development, much work still needs to be done in the areas of theory, policy, and practice.
DISCOVERY OF THE INTERMEDIATE PHASE IN CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES

We review Raman scattering, Mossbauer spectroscopy and T-modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry experiments on several families of chalcogenide glasses. Mean-field constraint theory, and numerical simulations of the vibrational density of state (floppy modes) in random and self-organized networks are used to analyze the measurements. Our results provide evidence for three distinct phases of network glasses: floppy, intermediate and rigid, as a function of progressive cross-linking or mean coordination number ( r ). These phases are characterized by distinct elastic power-laws. The intermediate phase is characterized by a vanishing non-reversing heat-flow, ΔHnr ( r ) → 0, suggesting that glass compositions in this phase are configurationally close to their liquid counterparts, i.e. self-organized. The compositional width (and centroid) of the intermediate phase is found to be determined by glass structure. In random networks, the width of the intermediate phase almost vanishes, and a solitary floppy to rigid phase transition is observed, in excellent accord with extended constraint theory. In the chalcogenides, some degree of self-organization invariably occurs and opens an intermediate phase between the floppy and rigid phases, signaling the breakdown of mean-field constraint theory, but in harmony with recent numerical results on self-organized networks.
The effects of in ovo Injection of Butyric acid into Quails Breeder eggs on Hatchability, Growth Performance, Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract, and Carcass Traits of Japanese Q uails

The current research was designed to determine the effect of in ovo injection of butyric acid into Japanese quails breeder eggs on hatchab ility, growth performance, development of the gastrointestinal tract, and carcass traits of Japanese quails. On the 5 th of incubation, 1200 fertile eggs, on based completely randomized design were allotted to sex treatments with four replicates per treatme nt and 50 eggs per replicate. Fertilized eggs were injected into the yolk sac with butyric acid (15, 25, 35 or 45 mg dissolved in 0.1 ml of deionized water) at the 6 th day of incubation. Two control eggs groups (not injected and injected with 0.1 ml of dei onized water) were also included. Hatching traits, performance, morphometric indices of intestine (villus height and villus width) and, carcass traits (carcass weight and relative weights of breast, liver and gizzard) on day 21 and 42 post - hatching were as sessed. Hatchability was significantly increased in eggs injected with butyric acid compared to the control groups. Moreover, weight of newly - hatched quails, weight gains, villus height, villus width were significantly increased in chicken from butyric aci d injected eggs compared to the control groups. In addition, carcass weight and relative weights of breast and liver were also significantly increased in quail's treated in ovo injection with butyric acid. In conclusion, the in ovo of butyric acid may impr ove development of the gastrointestinal tract and consequently increase performance of Japanese quails. Key - words : butyric acid, in ovo injection, hatchability, performance, intestine, quail
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING MEDICINAL PLANT ACALYPHA INDICA LEAF EXTRACTS AND ITS APPLICATION AS AN ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT AGAINST FOODBORNE PATHOGENS

Objective: In the present study, silver (Ag) nanoparticles was synthesized by traditionally used medicinal plant Acalypha indica , which was characterized using various advanced tools, and its antioxidant as well as antimicrobial properties, was studied against food pathogens. Methods: The synthesis of silver (Ag) nanoparticles from the leaf extracts were monitored with the characterization of silver nanoparticles with the help of UV-visible spectrophotometer. The optimized time for the synthesis of nanoparticles was 3 h, followed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface emission microscopy analysis (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis (EDX). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assay, while antifungal activity was performed against food pathogens by measuring the zone of inhibition values (ZOI). Results: The Ag nanoparticle produced, have an average particle size of 34 nm with a spherical shape, analyzed from the XRD studies, and size was confirmed with the SEM and TEM analysis. The FTIR analysis gave information about the possible compounds adsorbed on the surface of the Ag nanoparticles. The Ag nanoparticles had good reducing power than the standard and the IC 50 value for Ag nanoparticles was 5 mg/ml, while the standard taken had an IC 50 value of nearly 6-7 mg/ml. The fungal strain A. fumigates showed ZOI of 133% at 75 µl of concentration proving that Ag nanoparticles can act effectively against this strain when compared to other strains even at low concentrations. Conclusion: The produced Ag nanoparticles can be used for its therapeutic purposes and for large-scale synthesis in food industries for food preservation or packaging.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Bacteriorhodopsin and the Purple Membrane

Vectorial proton translocation through membranes is a fundamental energy conversion process in biological cells. Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is a membrane protein that acts as a light-driven, voltage-sensitive proton pump in the purple membrane (PM) of Halobacterium salinarumand achieves its biological function by cycling through a reaction sequence that includes ultrafast (500 fs) events, intermediate (Is) as well as slow (10 ms) steps. bR is of utmost simplicity in comparison with other proton translocating bioenergetic proteins and, therefore, constitutes an ideal model for the study of this process. The PM involves a highly structured supramolecular organization and is fundamental for the in vivo functioning of bR. Over the last 10 years, crystal structures of bR have become available at increasing resolution. The most recent structures resolve many of the lipids of the PM and provide atomic level detail of bR at below 2 A resolution. Fundamental for an understanding of the function of bR is internal water that participates in proton pumping. Several water molecules have been resolved now crystallographically in two channels, on the extracellular and on the intracellular side of bR. We show that free energy perturbation theory can place water molecules in bR, with results that compare well with the observed water molecules, and we apply the method to predict water movement during bR’s photocycle. A preliminary simulation illustrates that water molecules may indeed be displaced during the photocycle, after retinal undergoes an all-trans f 13-cis isomerization, and that this displacement may constitute a mechanism for proton pumping. A key advance reported in this feature article is the integration of the available bR structures into a model for the entire PM. This hexagonally periodic, lamellar model has been hydrated and refined through a constant pressure molecular dynamics simulation. The resulting structure connects extracellular bulk water with water molecules and key side groups in the interior of bR, permitting a seamless overall description of the proton path in the PM, from intracellular to extracellular space. For the first time, a complex cellular reaction can be accounted for in full atomic detail in its complete native environment.
INTRINSIC NOISE REGULATES EXTRINSIC NOISE-INDUCED SENSITISATION OF VISUAL PERCEPTION

We provide the first experimental evidence that the intrinsic noise level determines whether extrinsic noise can enhance the detectability of a weak input signal. We conduct a visual detection experiment in the absence and presence of various amounts of random visual noise. We define two indices of extrinsic stochastic resonance effects, consider the spread of the psychometric function without extrinsic noise as an intrinsic noise level index, and find that the indices of extrinsic stochastic resonance effects are negatively correlated with the intrinsic noise index. Our results suggest that extrinsic noise-induced sensitisation depends not only on the extrinsic but also on the intrinsic noise level.
The effects of fire and quokkas (Setonix brachyurus) on the vegetation of Rottnest Island, Western Australia

Three different plant communities have dominated the vegetation of Rottnest Island over the past two centuries; low forest, Acacia rostellifera scrub, and sclerophyllous heath. In 1997 a fire burnt 90 ha of heathland and provided an opportunity to examine the relationships between dominant vegetation types, fire and grazing by quokkas (Setonix brachyurus). Our study and the literature indicated four major findings. • Burnt heath recovered slowly if grazed. If not grazed, heath regenerated rapidly to become dense, tall and weed-free compared with the surrounding heathland, and the number of native species increased. • Where there was no grazing, all three vegetation communities were able to become established immediately after the fire. Four and a half years after the fire, Acacia thickets dominated in some areas and reached 3-4 m in height, overshadowing a group of self-seeded Melaleuca seedlings and outcompeting heath species. It is anticipated that the Melaleuca will emerge and dominate when the shorter-lived Acacia declines, and that heath will continue to occupy open areas. • The three dominant vegetation communities can be regarded as stable state alternatives. Heath will dominate if there is heavy grazing, as the young trees and Acacia are palatable and so cannot regenerate. Low forest dominates if there are only occasional widespread fires. Fire triggers the release of seed stored in tree canopies, and also temporarily reduces the local quokka population, giving seedlings a chance to become established. Acacia dominates if there are frequent fires and little grazing. Frequent fires stimulate Acacia to sucker from underground parts, while competition from tree species disappears, as trees are killed by fire, and if a second fire occurs before young trees set seed, they are eliminated locally. • It appears that occasional widespread hot fires, presumably started by lightning, are likely to have occurred on Rottnest Island over the millennia before European settlement for Melaleuca/Callitris forest to have persisted.
A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR WEYL-HEISENBERG FRAMES

In some papers like (6) some conditions are given for a triple (g,a,b) so that it generates a Weyl-Heisenberg frame for L 2 (R). When G is a locally compact abelian group, in (10) it is given a necessary and sucient condition for a function f 2 L 2 (G) and a uniform lattice K in G such that the pair (f,K) generates a Weyl-Heisenberg frame for L 2 (G). But this condition depends on the Zak transform of f. Also it is stated there a sucient condition for a pair S(f,K) such that it generates a frame for L 2 (G). Here we give a neces- sary condition for the pair (f,K) to generate a W-H frame for L 2 (G) which depends only on f and K.
Recognition of Supplier and Customer Relationships in Business Combination: A quantitative study of American acquisitions

While insights from business relationship literature indicate that relationships with suppliers and customers are key value drivers in many companies, there is little insight as to how their value is reflected in firms’ financial statements. Relationships can only be recognized as intangible assets when they are acquired, which is usually done through a business combination. To provide a better understanding of business relationships and how they are accounted for, we investigate possible determinants that could affect the probability of relationships being recognized in business combinations. Through logistic regression, we examine a sample of 516 business combinations by publicly traded American companies during the period 2001-2011. We find that the probability of allocation to these relationships is higher when the target firm operates in a high-tech industry, and that its pre-acquisition profit margin has a positive impact on the probability. Additionally, it is found that the likelihood of allocation to business relationships is greater after the implementation of a revised version of SFAS 141, and when the acquirer and target firm operates in different industries. We further find an interchange between allocation to supplier and customer relationships, and allocation to other identifiable intangible assets. However, no indication is found that the post, through its interchange with goodwill is associated with accounting for certain incentives. The findings are of relevance to both relationship literature, financial accounting literature and standard setters as they are some of the first quantitative evidence of when customer and supplier relationships are recognized in business combinations.