Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the coupling strength between the land surface and the atmosphere: From viewpoint of surface exchange coefficients

This study addresses the land‐atmospheric coupling strength by using long‐term AmeriFlux data from a wide range of land covers and climate regimes to reconstitute the surface exchange coefficient, Ch, which governs the total surface heat fluxes. For spring and summer, results show stronger coupling for tall canopy with Ch values ten times larger than for shorter vegetation. Observed Ch are then compared to values from the Noah land model. Results indicate that Noah underestimated (overestimated) Ch for forest (grass and crops), implying an insufficient (too efficient) coupling for tall canopy (short canopy). This discrepancy is attributed to the treatment of the roughness length for heat. With modest adjustments, the Noah model can reproduce the observed Ch. This study highlights the crucial role of treating the surface exchange processes in coupled land/weather/climate models and the need to use long‐term flux data for different vegetation types and climate regimes to assess and mitigate their deficiencies.
Reduction of the ordered-magnetic moment and its relationship to Kondo coherence in Ce$_{1-x}$La$_{x}$Cu$_{2}$Ge$_{2}$

The microscopic details of the suppression of antiferromagnetic order in the Kondo-lattice series Ce$_{1-x}$La$_{x}$Cu$_{2}$Ge$_{2}$ due to nonmagnetic dilution by La are revealed through neutron diffraction results for $x=0.20$, $0.40$, $0.75$, and $0.85$. Magnetic Bragg peaks are found for $0.20\le x\le0.75$, and both the N\'{e}el temperature, $T_{\textrm{N}}$, and the ordered magnetic moment per Ce, $\mu$, linearly decrease with increasing $x$. The reduction in $\mu$ points to strong hybridization of the increasingly diluted Ce $4f$ electrons, and we find a remarkable quadratic dependence of $\mu$ on the Kondo-coherence temperature. We discuss our results in terms of local-moment- versus itinerant-type magnetism and mean-field theory, and show that Ce$_{1-x}$La$_{x}$Cu$_{2}$Ge$_{2}$ provides an exceptional opportunity to quantitatively study competing magnetic interactions in a Kondo lattice.
Tuberculosis and gender-- Factors influencing the risk of tuberculosis among men and women by age group

possible complications that occur during the removal of the foreign body. However, there are some unfavorable aspects such as the need for a greater technical experience, which may not be available among all pulmonologists in a particular institution, and it is more time-consuming. FB is not perfect either, since the foreign body needs to be removed together with the bronchoscope, which can lead to the loss of the foreign body during this movement and a dramatic episode of suffocation may occur. In our series, only 2 individuals had to perform RB due to the excessive presence of granulation tissue. This is similar to the findings on the other major Portuguese review on this topic, published more than 20 years ago. Our results are also compatible with those from a Brazilian retrospective study evaluating the use of FB in adults. We need to contextualize the reason of those other 8 RB -those individuals were referred to our hospital specifically to perform this procedure, since we are a reference center for this examination. In those cases, RB was always performed. We did not have any complications resulting from the use of FB, similar to previous studies, reflecting the safety of this option for both patients and physicians.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Key Aromatic and Heterocyclic Molecules: A Route toward the Origin of Life

To gain information on the abiotic synthesis of the building blocks of life from simple molecules, and their subsequent chemical evolution to biological systems, the starting point is the identification of target species in Titan-like planets; i.e., planets that resemble the primitive Earth, as well as in Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of their star, namely planets where life can be already originated. In this scenario, molecular spectroscopy plays a crucial role because spectroscopic signatures are at the basis of an unequivocal proof for the presence of these target molecules. Thanks to advances in many different techniques and NASA’s successful Kepler exoplanet transit mission, thousands of diverse planets outside of our solar system have been discovered. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), scheduled to be launched in 2018, will be very helpful in the identification of biosignature gases in Earth-like planets’ atmospheres and prebiotic molecule signatures in Titan-like atmospheres, by observing their absorption during transits. Although the search for key-target molecules in exoplanet atmospheres can be carried out by the JWST Transit Spectroscopy in the infrared (IR) region (0.6–29 μm wavelength range), opportunities for their detection in protostellar cores, protoplanetary disks, and on Titan are also offered by interferometric high spectral and spatial resolution observations using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. In the present work, target molecules have been selected, and their spectroscopic characterization presented in view of supporting their infrared and complementary millimeter/submillimeter-wave spectral observations. In detail, the selected target molecules include: (1) the three-membered oxygen-containing heterocycles, oxirane and protonated oxirane; (2) the cyclopropenyl cation and its methyl derivative; (3) two examples of ortho- and peri-fused tri-cyclic aromatic rings, i.e., the phenalenyl cation ( ) and anion ( ); and (4) uracil, a specific RNA base.
Alcohol Consumption among Undergraduate MBBS Students in Rims , Imphal

Alcohol consumption among medical students have important implications not only for their own health but also of the general population since they are role models in terms of health related behaviours. A cross sectional study was conducted among all Undergraduate MBBS students of RIMS, Imphal using a self administered questionnaire during the period of August-September 2013 with the objectives of a. To determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption among undergraduate medical students in RIMS. b. To determine the characteristics of alcohol drinking behavior. C. To assess the effects of alcohol drinking behaviour on their academic performance. Chisquare test, t test and Kruskal Wallis test used for analysis. Out of 300 students 48% (145 students) of them have ever consumed alcohol, which was significantly higher among males and 88 students have consumed in the past one month. Beer was the most commonly consumed alcoholic beverage (31.7%). Friends influence was the most common reason for initiation of alcohol consumption (45.5%). Enjoyment was the main reason for drinking at present (67.7%). Ever consumption of alcohol was significantly associated with family history of alcohol consumption (p-value=0.00). Increasing frequency of alcohol consumption significantly affected academic performance (p-value=0.00). Alcohol consumption has a negative impact on their health, academic performance and their future professional abilities. It is recommended to conduct similar studies in the future and to create awareness about the health hazards of alcohol consumption and sensible drinking.
Audit of Histopathology Request Forms Submitted in Laboratory of a Tertiary Care Hospital

1,2 Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India 3 Professor, Department of Pathology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India *Corresponding Author Dr Priyadharisini Mobile no: +919790095099. Email: priyadharsini158@gmail.com Abstract Background: The quality of the laboratory result lies in the quality of information provided in the laboratory request forms. Majority of laboratory errors arise from the preanalytical phase of sample testing and hence this study was conducted. Aims: This study aims to assess the level of completion of histopathology request forms submitted for investigations in our institute. Methods and Material: A review of all histopathology request forms received between January to December 2018 were evaluated to assess the level of performance in four domains of data in the request forms such as patient details, test request details, physician details, and specimen details. Descriptive statistical analysis was done Results: In our study, only 12.2% of forms evaluated were fully completed. Patient identification details, the signature of requesting physician and request date were the most completed information (100%) and least completed information been timeline category for reporting (8.7%). Conclusions: This study shows that patient clinical information and physician details were inadequately filled in our setting. There is a need to create awareness of the importance of appropriate filling of request forms among in house surgeons and referring physician and also encourage them to use self-inking stamps for physician identification. Regarding clinical data, the histopathology request forms may be reviewed and redesigned to allow physicians to fill the forms without omitting significant history.
Pedotransfer functions to estimate water retention parameters of soils in northeastern Brazil

Foram desenvolvidas funcoes de pedotransferencia (PTFs) para estimar os parâmetros (α, n, θr and θs) do modelo de van Genuchten (1980), utilizados para descrever curvas de retencao de agua no solo. Os dados usados foram provenientes de diversas fontes, principalmente de estudos realizados na Regiao Nordeste pelas universidades, pela Embrapa e Codevasf, totalizando 786 curvas de retencao, que foram divididas em dois conjuntos de dados: 85 %, para desenvolvimento das PTFs, e 15 %, para teste e validacao, considerados como dados independentes. Alem do desenvolvimento das PTFs de carater geral para todos os solos conjuntamente, desenvolveram-se PTFs especificas para as classes Argissolos, Latossolos, Neossolos e Planossolos, utilizando tecnicas de regressao multipla, com o uso do procedimento stepwise (forward e backward), para selecionar os melhores preditores. Dois tipos de PTFs foram desenvolvidos: o primeiro inclui todos os preditores, densidade do solo, teores de areia, silte, argila e de materia orgânica, e o segundo, apenas com os teores de areia, silte e argila. A avaliacao da adequacao das PTFs foi com base no coeficiente de correlacao (R) e indice de Willmott (d). Para avaliar as PTFs, para o teor de agua em potenciais matriciais especificos, utilizou-se a raiz do erro medio quadrado (RMSE). A predicao da curva de retencao por PTF e relativamente fraca, exceto para o teor de agua residual. A inclusao do teor de materia orgânica como preditor da PTF melhora a predicao do parâmetro a de van Genuchten. Nao houve melhora de desempenho das PTFs especificas por classe de solo, em comparacao com uma PTF geral. Exceto no caso do teor de agua do solo saturado, estimado pela distribuicao granulometrica, modelos para a predicao do teor de agua em potenciais matriciais especificos sao bons. Predicoes do teor de agua em potenciais matriciais mais negativos do que -0,6 m, usando uma PTF contendo a distribuicao granulometrica, sao somente um pouco inferiores aquelas obtidas por PTFs, que incluem densidade do solo e teor de materia orgânica.
Effects of Diabetes Mellitus on Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease is one of the most commonly chronic disorders.The aim of this paper is that through analysis the impact of Diabetes Mellitus in parodontal status of patients with controlled and uncontrolled diabetes. Material and methods. In our study we have followed 260 patients with diabetes mellitus aged 40 to 64 years old, average (age = 52 years) divided into two groups,group I (n = 130 patients) with controlled diabetes and group II(n= 130 patients) with uncontrolled diabetes. The durationof thestudy was 16months.To verify the condition of periodontitis are used the relevant index values : Silness Loe index and Ramfjord index. Results. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes compared with control have relatively higher values of all parameters and indices for parodontal status condition. This was a prospective longitudinal study with a cohort of 260 individuals. During the study period 11 subjects died. Individuals with severe PD had greater risk for ischemic heart disease and diabetic nephropathy combined.Conclusion. Uncontrolled diabetes increases the susceptibility of oral infection.Periodontal therapy may or may not have a direct impact on Diabetes Mellitus.
En-masse Retraction of Upper Anterior Teeth when Using power Arms in Corticotomy-assisted Orthodontic Treatment in Bimaxillary Protrusion Patients

Introduction: Bimaxillary protrusion patients is a condition characterized by protrusive and proclined upper and lower anterior teeth and an increased procumbency of the lips. Almost orthodontic treatment plan is removal of 4 first premolars and retracting the anterior teeth. Orthodontic tooth movement more than anatomical limits mat cause many side effects. In 2001, Wilcko et al. developed a new treatment method that can reduce these side effects called as the Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO). From previous studies the center of resistance of six upper anterior teeth was moved apically after corticotomy, it was interesting that whether the apically moved distance of the center of resistance of the six upper anterior teeth after corticotomy effected the type of tooth movement or not and how much of it? Also whether en-masse retraction using power arms in height of 13.5 mm from incisal edge of upper central incisor caused the bodily movement of upper anterior teeth or not. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the effect of en-masse retraction in corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment with conventional orthodontic treatment in bimaxillary protrusion patients. Methods: 22 non-growing patients with class I bimaxillary protrusion were divided into 2 groups, corticotomy group (experimental group) and conventional group (control group). Both groups had the same orthodontic treatment plan that required 4 first premolars extraction for anterior teeth retraction, resulting in decreased lips protrusion. In experimental group, the samples were treated with decortication and bone graft in area of anterior teeth before
Penerapan Pembelajaran Means Eand Analysis untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika Siswa Kelas VI Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 2 Jombang

Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui adanya peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa melalui Penerapan Pembelajaran Means Eand AnalysisPada Mata Pelajaran Matematika Siswa Kelas VI Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 2 Jombang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan secara kolaborasi antara peneliti dengan guru matematika. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V1 MI Jombang - Jember. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah metode observasi, metode tes, catatan lapangan dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah reduksi, pemaparan data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah adanyapeningkatan motivasi belajar siswa melalui Penerapan Pembelajaran Means Eand Analysis yaitu:Kesiapan siswa mengikuti pelajaran pada siklus I 15 siswa (65%) pada siklus II ada 24 siswa (94%), Keaktifan siswa dalam pelajaran pada siklus I 5 Siswa (24%)pada siklus II ada 15 siswa (60%), Kesanggupan siswa dalam mengerjakan soal 10 siswa (55%) pada siklus II ada 20 siswa (80%), siswa yang memiliki kemampuan memahami masalah penelitian pada siklus I ada 10 siswa (55%), pada siklus II ada 24 siswa (94%), (b) Siswa yang memiliki kemampuan merencanakan pemecahan masalah siklus I ada 8 siswa (45 %) , pada siklus II ada 20 siswa (80 %), (c) Siswa yang memiliki kemampuan melaksanakan pemecahan masalah pada siklus I ada 15 siswa (65% ), pada siklus II ada 25 siswa (100 %). Berdasarkan uraian yang telah dikemukan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran means ends analysis dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa dalam pelajaran matematika.
The Soybean Rhg1 Locus for Resistance to the Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera glycines Regulates the Expression of a Large Number of Stress- and Defense-Related Genes in Degenerating Feeding Cells1[C][W][OA]

To gain new insights into the mechanism of soybean (Glycine max) resistance to the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines), we compared gene expression profiles of developing syncytia in soybean near-isogenic lines differing at Rhg1 (for resistance to Heterodera glycines), a major quantitative trait locus for resistance, by coupling laser capture microdissection with microarray analysis. Gene expression profiling revealed that 1,447 genes were differentially expressed between the two lines. Of these, 241 (16.8%) were stress- and defense-related genes. Several stress-related genes were up-regulated in the resistant line, including those encoding homologs of enzymes that lead to increased levels of reactive oxygen species and proteins associated with the unfolded protein response. These results indicate that syncytia induced in the resistant line are undergoing severe oxidative stress and imbalanced endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, both of which likely contribute to the resistance reaction. Defense-related genes up-regulated within syncytia of the resistant line included those predominantly involved in apoptotic cell death, the plant hypersensitive response, and salicylic acid-mediated defense signaling; many of these genes were either partially suppressed or not induced to the same level by a virulent soybean cyst nematode population for successful nematode reproduction and development on the resistant line. Our study demonstrates that a network of molecular events take place during Rhg1-mediated resistance, leading to a highly complex defense response against a root pathogen.
Total Factor Productivity in the Manufacturing Industries in India

The role of productivity in accelerating the pace of economic growth is well recognised in both the theoretical and empirical literature on growth. In the neo-classical growth accounting framework, the growth of output is the sum total of the growth of capital accumulation, growth of labour and the growth of productivity or efficiency. For a given combination of factor inputs (capital and labour), the shifts in production frontier are engendered by the improvements in productivity or efficiency. These shifts and improvements in productivity are treated as exogenous in the growth models couched in the conventional Solow (1956) and Swan (1956) framework. Recently, the productivity and efficiency aspects of growth have attracted considerable attention in the literature, especially since the development of the real business cycle (RBC) models1 in the early 1980s and the endogenous growth models in the mid-1980s2 In the RBC models, fluctuations in aggregate output are attributed to the productivity shocks. Prescott (1986) uses data on growth of inputs (capital and labour) and output, and computes Solow residuals. He interprets these Solow residuals as a measure of technological progress, and argues that the technology shocks are the important source of economic fluctuations. The new growth theory or the endogenous growth models of the mid-1980s provide another dimension to productivity, and model the aggregate output as an endogenous process3. All these models suggest that an analysis of productivity is essentially important to analyse the dynamics of economic growth. The present study combines the data collected from both Annual Survey of Industries and National Accounts Statistics, and computes the total factor productivity for the aggregate (registered plus unregistered) manufacturing sector in India. The total factor productivity (TFP) is computed for a sample set of ten industries in the manufacturing sector. These industries constitute a combined share of around seventy per cent in the total real gross domestic product (GDP) originating from the manufacturing sector and, therefore, these industries can be fairly taken as representative for the manufacturing sector in India. The study follows the conventional neo-classical growth accounting framework premised on the proposition of exogenous technological progress, and uses the Solow residuals (Solow, 1957) as the measure of total factor productivity. The scheme of the study is as follows. Section 2 provides a discussion on the construction of various data series used for the computation of TFP in the sample industries. Section 3 presents the empirical results and analyses the trends in TFP. Section 4 sums up the conclusions emerging from the study.
A Critique of the Self-Interested Voter Model: The Case of a Local Single Issue Referendum

In recent years, economists have sought to extend the logic of marginal analysis to topics not traditionally considered within the domain of the discipline. Among the areas to which this analysis has been expanded is political behavior under a research program widely known as public choice.1 The empirical tradition of public choice uses the utility maximization behavioral assumption of economic theory to construct and estimate models of voting behavior [Mueller 1989; Mitchell 1990]. At the conceptual level, this assumption permits inclusion of direct self-interest, altruism, and community duty in explanations of decisions on whether and how to vote. However, predictive empirical models of voter choice typically specify an individual's utility function solely in terms of direct self-interest [Feldman 1984, 229]. Within the empirical public choice literature, direct tests of the self-interested voter assumption have been hampered by two data problems. First, while hypotheses are about motivations and responses of individual voters, the data available is usually aggregate census data or voting precinct data. The problems of using aggregate data in testing hypotheses about individual voter decision making have been noted in several studies [Deacon and
Understanding physical mechanism of low-level microwave radiation effect

Abstract Purpose: This topic review aims to explain the mechanism of low-level microwave (MW) radiation effect based on published research results. The review presents the analysis of theoretical and experimental results comprising underlying physics and derived biological-physiological consequences supported by experimental data. Conclusions: The rotation of dipolar molecules causes polarization of dielectric medium and restructuring of hydrogen bonds between these molecules. The weakened hydrogen bonds decrease viscosity and enhance diffusion at constant temperature. All steps of proposed model have no critical frequency restrictions at MW frequencies and have been confirmed by electromagnetic field (EMF) theory and/or published experimental results. The synchronous cumulative impact of coherent MW electric field makes possible the field-induced effect despite the field strengths are much weaker than intermolecular fields. The rotation of dipolar molecules results in restructuring hydrogen bonds between the molecules despite the energy of MW radiation is much less than the energy of bonding. The cumulative impact of coherent MW field in a medium has been convincingly confirmed by the measurable dielectric permittivity of the medium. The described mechanism of MW field-induced effect confirms that the nature of the effect differs from the thermal effect and that the exposure by MW radiation can create the specific consequences in biology and materials not characteristic for conventional heating.