Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flight-Test Evaluation of Landing Gear Noise Reduction Technologies

Results from the third Acoustics Research Measurements flight test, conducted under the NASA Flight Demonstrations and Capabilities project, are presented and discussed. The test evaluated landing gear and gear cavity noise mitigation technologies installed on a NASA Gulfstream G-III. Aircraft configurations with and without main landing gear treatments were flown at several flap deflections to determine the acoustic performance of the technologies for aircraft equipped with conventional Fowler flaps. With the aircraft flying an approach path and engines at “ground-idle,” extensive acoustic measurements were acquired with a phased microphone array system. Computed beamform maps were used to examine the effectiveness of the tested technologies in reducing the strength of the noise sources generated by the main landing gear. Various integration regions were devised to extract the farfield noise spectra associated with the treated and untreated landing gear configurations. Analyses of the gathered acoustic data demonstrate that significant noise reduction was achieved. However, the full noise reduction potential of the technologies could not be determined because of contamination from flap inboard edge noise and other secondary sources.
The Ages of Disturbed Field Elliptical Galaxies. II. Central Properties

The formation of elliptical galaxies via the merger of gas-rich disks has received considerable attention in recent years, with many studies strongly supporting the merger hypothesis. When investigated in detail, the dynamics of a major merger that produces a high phase-space density of material (e.g., the center of an elliptical galaxy) invariably produces the ubiquitous signature of a centrally concentrated burst of star formation. We have searched for this central burst of star formation in a sample of field elliptical galaxies that exhibit morphological fine structure thought to be indicative of merging. Out of this sample of 32 galaxies, we find only two galaxies, NGC 3610 and NGC 5322, with sufficiently red central near-IR colors to be consistent with the asymptotic giant branch light reflective of the central burst of star formation a few gigayears ago. Using NGC 3610 and 5322 as case studies, we discuss possible astrophysical links between global and central properties and their implied constraints on elliptical galaxy formation and evolution. In particular, we conclude that the available evidence argues against mergers of disk galaxies within the last 3–4 Gyr as being the primary formation mechanism for morphologically disturbed field elliptical galaxies.
Rural Women Cheating Strategy

Cheating a serious problem in the married life and the lives of social. Many impacts negative can arise due to the behavior of infidelity. The focus of the problem in this paper is the strategy of rural women infidelity that occurred in Trenggulunan Village, Ngasem District, Bojonegoro Regency. The research design used was phenomenology in the Interpretive perspective of George Herbert Mead. Decision informant in this paper uses purposive sampling. Data collection techniques use observation and interviews. Data analysis techniques used are interactive analysis techniques. The theory used is the Interpretive paradigm in the perspective of the Symbolic Interactionism theory of George Herbert Mead. The result of this study is that cheating strategies by rural women have two ways, namely first; meeting strategies which include setting schedules, planning communication, meeting safe times, meeting activities, and duration of meetings. Second: advanced strategies which include changing names on cellphones, hiding evidence of infidelity, returning to their homes separately, and maintaining relationships with cheating partners. This article is recommended for cheating women to reconsider their actions and for policymakers in order to make regulations or laws related to infidelities that
Length-Weight Relationship, Growth Patterns and Sex Ratio of Dog Conch Strombus Canarium Linnaeus, 1758 in the Waters of Kota Batam

This study aims to analyze the aspect length of weight relationship, growth pattern, and sex ratio of Dog conch. This research was conducted in May-August 2018. The samples were collected from three locations (stations) which became the main of catching the Dog conch in Kota Batam, namely, Jaloh Island, Kangkung Bay, and Terong Island. A total of 377 individuals (162 males and 215 females) S. canarium were collected from three research stations. The value of the length-weight relationship for females, males, dan blended, at the respective station, are Jaloh Island, W=0,000142L 2,924 , R²= 0.555 (female), W=0,00049L 2,610 , R²= 0.566 (male), and W=0,000165L 2,881 , with a value of R²= 0.572 (blanded); Kangkung Bay, W=0,0850L 1,275 , R²= 0.325 (female), 0,00000511L 3,185 , R²= 0.776 (male), and W=0,0384L 1,480 , with R² = 0.374 (blended); As well as Terong Island, W=1,227L 0,746 , R²= 0.180 (female), W=0,00139L 2,385 , R²= 0.714 (male) and W=0,118L 1,305 with R²= 0.355 (blended). The pattern of growth of Dog conch is negative allometric (b 3) has a positive allometric growth pattern, where weight gain is faster than long increments. The sex ratio of Dog conch on Jaloh Island and Terong Island is balanced, while in Kangkung Bay it is not balanced. Overall the sex ratio in the study location is not balanced with a ratio of 1: 1.33 with the expectation frequency (Ei) of 188.8.
Clozapine and maintenance electroconvulsive therapy in a 35-year-old patient with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and chronic imperative auditory hallucinations

Purpose: Despite progress in the treatment of schizophrenia, treatment resistance is reported in about 30% of patients. Various forms of treatment augmentation are used, but clozapine is generally considered to be the gold standard of care. In the management of patients with clozapine resistance adjunctive electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) courses have been proposed. In recent years particular attention has been paid to augmentation of clozapine with the maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (M-ECT). Case description: The paper presents a patient with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and chronic psychotic symptoms leading to self-destructive and suicidal behaviors. After concurrent treatment with clozapine and M-ECT her clinical status and functioning have improved. Comment: Maintenance-ECT used to augment clozapine in drug-resistant schizophrenia seems to be a safe and promising management option.
Early Detection of Pump Thrombosis in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Device

Pump thrombosis (PT) is a serious adverse event in patients receiving left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). The study aims to determine whether pump parameters and clinical data may enable early detection of PT. This retrospective study included 88 patients who received an LVAD between 2012 and 2015 among which those with intra-PT were identified. In a propensity score–matched control group observation, time periods were matched with time before thrombosis. International normalized ratio (INR) time in therapeutic range (TTR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were analyzed for 60 days preceding PT. Furthermore, pump data (power, flow, and speed) in HeartWare ventricular assist devices (HVAD) patients were analyzed 7 days before PT using a mixed-design analysis of variance to investigate temporal changes in pump data. Pump thrombosis occurred in 15 patients (13 males, age 58 ± 10 years, 7 HeartMate II and 8 HVAD). International normalized ratio therapeutic range (2.0–3.0) and acetylsalicylic acid daily doses (100–200 mg) were similar for both groups, but patients with PT had lower TTR (36% vs. 65%; p = 0.025). No significant difference in LVAD power between groups was seen at baseline (p = 0.31), and power did not change in the control group over time (p > 0.99). Lactate dehydrogenase increased already 1 week prior PT and power from 4.4 ± 0.8 W at baseline to 4.9 ± 0.8 W (p = 0.007) 2 days before readmission and to 6.5 ± 1.8 W (p = 0.015) at readmission. Pump thrombosis is associated with a lower percentage of INR TTR and elevated LDH before the event. A better monitoring of pump parameters would enable PT detection already up to 2 days in advance.
Colloquium: Area laws for the entanglement entropy

Physical interactions in quantum many-body systems are typically local: Individual constituents interact mainly with their few nearest neighbors. This locality of interactions is inherited by a decay of correlation functions, but also reflected by scaling laws of a quite profound quantity: the entanglement entropy of ground states. This entropy of the reduced state of a subregion often merely grows like the boundary area of the subregion, and not like its volume, in sharp contrast with an expected extensive behavior. Such “area laws” for the entanglement entropy and related quantities have received considerable attention in recent years. They emerge in several seemingly unrelated fields, in the context of black hole physics, quantum information science, and quantum many-body physics where they have important implications on the numerical simulation of lattice models. In this Colloquium the current status of area laws in these fields is reviewed. Center stage is taken by rigorous results on lattice models in one and higher spatial dimensions. The differences and similarities between bosonic and fermionic models are stressed, area laws are related to the velocity of information propagation in quantum lattice models, and disordered systems, nonequilibrium situations, and topological entanglement entropies are discussed. These questions are considered in classical and quantum systems, in their ground and thermal states, for a variety of correlation measures. A significant proportion is devoted to the clear and quantitative connection between the entanglement content of states and the possibility of their efficient numerical simulation. Matrix-product states, higher-dimensional analogs, and variational sets from entanglement renormalization are also discussed and the paper is concluded by highlighting the implications of area laws on quantifying the effective degrees of freedom that need to be considered in simulations of quantum states.
Effect of Imazamethabenz on Histology and Histochemistry of Polysaccharides in the Main Shoot of Wild Oat (Avena fatua)

Imazamethabenz, an acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)-inhibiting herbicide, was applied at a sublethal rate (200 g ai ha–1) to foliage of greenhouse-grown wild oat plants at the 2-leaf stage without tillers. Main shoot tissues were sampled 1 to 2 wk after imazamethabenz treatment and prepared for light microscopic examination. Histological observations showed that imazamethabenz treatment did not produce drastic changes on leaf structures but did affect chloroplast integrity of fully expanded 2nd leaf and inhibited differentiation of the young 3rd leaf 1 wk after application. The internode length and the number of cells in internodes of the herbicide-treated main stem were greatly reduced, presumably due to the inhibition by imazamethabenz of intercalary meristem cell division in early stages of internode elongation. One week after imazamethabenz application, histochemical studies revealed an increased accumulation of starch granules in chloroplasts of the 2nd leaf but reduced starch levels in the main stem. This confirmed the hypothesis that AHAS inhibitors affected phloem transport of photosynthates.
The Role of Alexithymia in Ethnic Groups on Eating-Related Attitudes and Behaviors

THE ROLE OF ALEXITHYMIA IN ETHNIC GROUPS ON EATING-RELATED ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS Lisa M. Newman The Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, 2003 Director: Dr. Barbara A. Cubic Alexithymia, a term referring to deficits in ability to describe and differentiate emotions, has been studied in a variety o f Caucasian medical and psychiatric populations, including patients with eating disorders. Research suggests that alexithymia is more prevalent among the Caucasian eating disordered population than the general population. However, there is little research on the prevalence of alexithymia or its relationship to problematic eating-related attitudes and behaviors in African Americans. This study investigated and compared the occurrence of alexithymia and its effects on eating-related attitudes and behaviors in Caucasian and African American college women using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 and the Eating Disorders Inventory, 2nd edition. Depression, measured by the Beck Depression Inventory, 2nd edition, and acculturation, measured by the African American Acculturation Scale-Revised, were also considered as variables hypothesized to affect the occurrence and presentation of alexithymia and eating-related pathology. Data from 171 female students, 91 African American and 80 Caucasian, indicated that alexithymia was equally prevalent among the groups (12.1% of African Americans and 11.25% of Caucasians). Approximately 16.25% of Caucasian students and 6.6% of African American (6.6%) students were suspected of having a clinical eating disorder. In this sample, alexithymia was associated with psychological correlates o f eating disorders, Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. such as depression, ineffectiveness, interpersonal distrust, maturity fears, poor impulse regulation, and social insecurity, but not with the cardinal features of eating disorders, such as drive for thinness, binging and purging, and body dissatisfaction. Ethnic differences were apparent in eating-related attitudes and behaviors. Despite being heavier, African American students had less body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness than Caucasian students. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of depressive symptoms for the ethnic groups in this study, with depression affecting 35% of the Caucasian and 21% of the African American samples. Results from this sample of university students suggested that African American students were as likely as Caucasian students to engage in bulimic behaviors, and to have difficulty recognizing and accurately responding to their emotional states, and differentiating affective from bodily sensations. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Genomewide identification and analysis of heat‐shock proteins 70/110 to reveal their potential functions in Chinese soft‐shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis

Abstract Heat‐shock proteins 70/110 (Hsp70/110) are vital molecular chaperones and stress proteins whose expression and production are generally induced by extreme temperatures or external stresses. The Hsp70/110 family is largely conserved in diverse animals. Although many reports have studied and elaborated on the characteristics of Hsp70/110 in various species, the systematic identification and analysis of Hsp70/110 are still poor in turtles. In this study, a genomewide search was performed, and 18 candidate PsHSP70/110 family genes were identified in Chinese soft‐shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. These PsHSP70/110 proteins contained the conserved “heat shock protein 70” domain. Phylogenetic analysis of PsHSP70/110 and their homologs revealed evolutionary conservation of Hsp70/110 across different species. Tissue‐specific expression analysis showed that these PsHSP70/110 genes were differentially expressed in different tissues of P. sinensis. Furthermore, to examine the putative biological functions of PsHSP70/110, the dynamic expression of PsHSP70/110 genes was analyzed in the testis of P. sinensis during seasonal spermatogenesis following germ cell apoptosis. Notably, genes such as PsHSPA1B‐L, PsHSPA2, and PsHSPA8 were significantly upregulated in P. sinensis testes along with a seasonal decrease in apoptosis. Protein interaction prediction revealed that PsHSPA1B‐L, PsHSPA2, and PsHSPA8 may interact with each other and participate in the MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis showed that PsHSPA1B‐L, PsHSPA2, and PsHSPA8 protein expression was associated with seasonal temperature variation. The expression profiling and interaction relationships of the PsHSPA1B‐L, PsHSPA2, and PsHSPA8 proteins implied their potential roles in inhibiting the apoptosis of germ cells in P. sinensis. These results provide insights into PsHSP70/110 functions and will serve as a rich resource for further investigation of HSP70/110 family genes in P. sinensis and other turtles.
Inversion Reconstruction of 3D Gravity Potential Function Including Vertical Deflections

Inversion reconstruction of 3D gravity potential based on gravity data measured by gravimeters, horizontal gravity gradients and curvature data measured by torsion balance and vertical gradients, including vertical deflection data have been obtained by our 3D solution. By applying this method the potential function − apart from an additive constant − and all the first and second derivatives of this potential function (elements of the full Eötvös tensor) can be determined not only at points of the region covered by measurements, but anywhere in the surroundings of these measurement points, using the coefficients of expansion in a series of a known set of basis function. The advantage of this method is that the solution can be performed by a significantly overdetermined inverse problem. Computations were made for the inversion reconstruction of gravity potential at a test area where gravity, torsion balance, vertical gradient measurements and vertical deflection data were available. Gravity potential, vertical deflections and both the first and the second derivatives of the potential were determined for the whole area by this suggested method.
The history of the Faraday paradox of the unipolar generator

The unipolar generator has a long history of confusing physicists, dating back to Faraday’s original experiment in 1831. Even today it is sometimes referred to as an example where the flux rule for induction fails, and students are often told that they must instead use the Lorentz force law to find the correct answer. In actuality, neither the flux rule nor the Lorentz force law ‘fail’ to describe the unipolar generator. The correct application of these laws is summarised here, along with a new technique that uses Gauss’ law for magnetism to account for unipolar generators with non-uniform magnetic fields. A history of the confusion from Faraday to present day is presented along with a recommendation for preventing confusion in the future.
Correlates of Substance Use Abstinence and Non-Abstinence Among High School Seniors: Results From the 2014 Monitoring the Future Survey

Abstract Several risk and protective factors are influential in predicting who uses or abstains from illicit substances during the high school years. The 2014 national cohort data from the Monitoring the Future survey shows the demographics, psychosocial factors, and attitudes regarding substance use that predict abstention by twelfth-graders (versus those who report any lifetime use of any illicit drugs). Being older, having a higher rate of sensation-seeking behaviors, perceiving drugs as easy to obtain, and participation of some social activities were associated with a lower rate of abstention. In contrast, being optimistic, involvement in school activities, perceiving drug and alcohol use as high risk, believing their peers disapprove of substance use, and personally disapproving of substance use were associated with greater abstention from lifetime substance use. A similar model including negative attitudes and experiences (nonuse-related) with marijuana was associated with a greater likelihood to abstain from substances. We examine possible explanations and prevention implications of these findings and discuss the role of abstention in post-high school substance use risks.
Biodiversity Loss Affects Global Disease Ecology

Changes in the type and prevalence of human diseases have occurred during shifts in human social organization, for example, from hunting and gathering to agriculture and with urbanization during the Industrial Revolution. The recent emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases appears to be driven by globalization and ecological disruption. We propose that habitat destruction and biodiversity loss associated with biotic homogenization can increase the incidence and distribution of infectious diseases affecting humans. The clearest connection between biotic homogenization and infectious disease is the spread of nonindigenous vectors and pathogens. The loss of predators and hosts that dilute pathogen transmission can also increase the incidence of vectorborne illnesses. Other mechanisms include enhanced abiotic conditions for pathogens and vectors and higher host-pathogen encounter rates. Improved understanding of these causal mechanisms can inform decisionmaking on biodiversity conservation as an effective way to protect human health.
Real Options

What is a real option? A real option is the opportunity, but not the obligation, to make a particular decision. For example, when an electricity producer delays a decision about whether to expand an existing generating plant or invest in wind energy, it has a real option to take either path sometime in the future. A real option has value because it delays putting a stake in the ground until more uncertainty is resolved.
The Income Inequality, Financial Depth and Economic Growth Nexus in China

Income inequality has increased in China despite rapid economic growth. Income inequality could impinge on future development, leading to social tension or political instability. Our study investigates the short&#8208;run and long&#8208;run relationship between three important macroeconomic indicators&#8212;income inequality, economic growth and financial depth. We utilise a two&#8208;step procedure of ARDL bounds and Granger causality for the analysis. The bounds test indicates the presence of a cointegrating relationship between income inequality, financial depth and economic growth in the long run. In the second step, we utilise the Granger causality approach. Results show a bidirectional causality between financial depth&#8208;growth and a unidirectional causality between inequality&#8208;growth in the short run. In the long run, results reveal that growth and financial depth&#160;determine Gini. Our findings provide support for the inequality&#8208;widening effect due to economic growth and higher credit provided to the private sector. We find no evidence of inequality&#8208;narrowing or income&#8208;equalising effect in the long run for the period of study. It is possible that the government's inclusive growth policies which started less than a decade ago have not taken effect for us to capture the inverted U&#8208;shape income equalising effect significantly.