Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organic psychosis: The pathobiology and treatment of delusions

Organic or secondary psychosis can be seen in diverse conditions such as toxic/metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disease, and stroke. Poststroke psychosis is a rare phenomenon, but its study has significantly contributed to the understanding of delusion formation. The evidence from case studies of patients with focal strokes shows that delusions develop following unilateral damage of the right hemisphere. The majority of patients with right hemisphere stroke do not develop delusions however, and advanced neuroimaging analysis has elucidated why this symptom develops in only a small proportion. Lesions of the right lateral prefrontal cortex or lesions with connectivity to this area correlate with delusional beliefs in this subgroup. Studies of patients with primary psychosis, for example schizophrenia, or under the influence of the psychotogenic drug ketamine, also show abnormal function of this area in relation to the severity of their abnormal beliefs. The conclusion of these studies is that the right lateral prefrontal cortex is 1 hub in a neural network which includes the basal ganglia and limbic system and receives inputs from midbrain dopamine neurones. In patients with schizophrenia, or at risk of psychosis, dopamine is dysregulated and evidence suggests that faulty dopamine signaling is the precursor of delusion formation. It is therefore likely that the mechanism of delusion formation is the same in both primary and secondary psychosis. This is consistent with the mainstay of treatment of both conditions being antipsychotic medication. However, antipsychotic medication in people with cerebrovascular disease should be avoided if at all possible. This is because epidemiological studies have found that antipsychotic use is associated with an increased risk of stroke and will thus compound the possibility of a further cerebrovascular accident.
A Description of Water Types on the Mackenzie Shelf of the Beaufort Sea During Winter

For a number of years during the 1980s, observations of the physical and chemical properties of seawater in the southeastern Beaufort Sea have been acquired in late winter. The most complete data set, from 1987, has been used in a comparison of winter and summer [Macdonald et al., 1989] water properties in the area. Most obvious is an increase in the salinity of surface waters in winter. The magnitude of this increase varies dramatically from year to year. Part of the increase is a consequence of brine rejection during the growth of sea ice, and part is associated with an intrusion over the shelf of a water mass of high nutrient and low oxygen concentrations which is a feature of the entire western Arctic Ocean. Principal component analysis was used to allow all five chemical tracers to be combined and viewed simultaneously. The properties of the upper 120 m are found to lle, to a close approximation, on a plane. This leads us to a simple interpretation based on a three-component mixing model involving river runoff, water from the nutrient maximum, and an offshore near-surface component. It is shown that the best fit plane occupied by arctic surface waters in the Beaufort Sea closely matches that defined by the influences of river inflow, of the freeze-melt cycle, and of photosynthesis and respiration. However, the effects of freezing/melting and of river inflow cannot be clearly distinguished using the chosen suite of tracers. It has been determined that if the waters of the upper 250 m axe to be represented in the same manner, a fourth end member is required.
Retrieval and sleep both counteract the forgetting of spatial information

Repeatedly studying information is a good way to strengthen memory storage. Nevertheless, testing recall often produces superior long-term retention. Demonstrations of this testing effect, typically with verbal stimuli, have shown that repeated retrieval through testing reduces forgetting. Sleep also benefits memory storage, perhaps through repeated retrieval as well. That is, memories may generally be subject to forgetting that can be counteracted when memories become reactivated, and there are several types of reactivation: (i) via intentional restudying, (ii) via testing, (iii) without provocation during wake, or (iv) during sleep. We thus measured forgetting for spatial material subjected to repeated study or repeated testing followed by retention intervals with sleep versus wake. Four groups of subjects learned a set of visual object-location associations and either restudied the associations or recalled locations given the objects as cues. We found the advantage for restudied over retested information was greater in the PM than AM group. Additional groups tested at 5-min and 1-wk retention intervals confirmed previous findings of greater relative benefits for restudying in the short-term and for retesting in the long-term. Results overall support the conclusion that repeated reactivation through testing or sleeping stabilizes information against forgetting.
Population of inflammatory cells in intracranial aneurysm with the special insight to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches

1Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technologies and Therapeutics (AK project), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. 2Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo 116-8567, Japan. 3Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Underwater Image Color Correction using Exposure-Bracketing Imaging

Absorption and scattering of light in an underwater scene saliently attenuate red spectrum components. They cause heavy color distortions in the captured underwater images. In this letter, we propose a method for color-correcting underwater images, utilizing a framework of gray information estimation for color constancy. The key novelty of our method is to utilize exposure-bracketing imaging: a technique to capture multiple images with different exposure times for color correction. The long-exposure image is useful for sufficiently acquiring red spectrum information of underwater scenes. In contrast, pixel values in the green and blue channels in the short-exposure image are suitable because they are unlikely to attenuate more than the red ones. By selecting appropriate images (i.e., least over- and under-exposed images) for each color channel from those taken with exposure-bracketing imaging, we fuse an image that includes sufficient spectral information of underwater scenes. The fused image allows us to extract reliable gray information of scenes; thus, effective color corrections can be achieved. We perform color correction by linear regression of gray information estimated from the fused image. Experiments using real underwater images demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Bilateral low grade serous adenocarcinoma of the ovaries in a badger (Meles meles L.) and its association with a borderline serous ovarian tumour: a case report.

Here, we describe a case of a wild female badger (a sow) with disseminated serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary which corresponds to a group of low grade serous carcinomas of the ovary in humans. Beside grossly apparent dissemination of the disease we observed a scale of histological features classifiable as a precursor lesion – borderline serous tumour of the ovary with implant metastases at the peritoneum, and features of the borderline tumour transformation in the carcinoma. The latter features included invasion of some of the metastatic peritoneal implants into the adipose tissue of the mesentery, retroperitoneum, and in the muscle of diaphragm with lymphangioinvasion and with blood-borne metastatic disease in the lungs. The primary tumour and its metastases had a uniform cytological appearance without atypia of the tumour cells. Mitotic activity was exceptional. The proliferation activity as demonstrated by immunohistochemical investigation of Ki-67 protein expression (revealing all active phases of the cell cycle – G1, S, G2, M) showed a low proliferation activity of the tumour cells, comparable with findings in low grade carcinomas or borderline tumours of the ovaries in women. WT1 protein was expressed in the whole tumour cell population. All these features were diagnostic of serous carcinoma of the ovary with low grade malignant potential. Tumours of the ovaries in wildlife have been described previously but they are infrequent and are rarely classified histopathologically. This case report offers a parallel with serous carcinomas in human pathology including features of transformation from a precursor lesion of a borderline serous tumour into a serous low grade carcinoma.
Disrupting Postracial Discourse: Black Millennials’ Response to Postracial Ideology and the Continued Impact of Racial Microaggressions on College Campuses

ABSTRACT This study explores the communicative experiences of Black millennials enrolled at predominantly White academic institutions (PWIs). Researchers examine the ways in which Black millennials respond to postracial discourse and the specific microaggressions that inform their resistance to racist ideologies. Data from 61 interviews reflect four primary themes: (a) postracialism is a myth; (b) racism will always be an issue; (c) racial microaggressions are a daily occurrence; and (d) assumptions of criminality. The study contributes to literature concerned with how people of color experience and understand racial dynamics. Findings suggest that Black millennials at PWIs continue to be subjected to a myriad of racial microaggressions. Continual exposure to racial microaggressions contributes to Black millennials’ rejection of postracial discourse.
Propranolol induces hemangioma endothelial cell apoptosis via a p53-BAX mediated pathway

The use of propranolol for the treatment of infantile hemangioma (IH) has been widely investigated in recent years. However, the underlying therapeutic mechanism of propranolol for the treatment of IH remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of proteins regulated by cellular tumor antigen p53 (p53) in associated apoptosis pathways in IH endothelial cells (HemECs) treated with propranolol. Furthermore, the present study aimed to investigate the exact apoptotic pathway underlying the therapeutic effect of propranolol against IH. In the present study, HemECs were subcultured and investigated using an inverted phase contrast microscope, immunocytochemical staining and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experimental groups and blank control groups were prepared. All groups were subjected to drug treatment. A high p53 expression model of HemECs was successfully established via transfection, and a low p53 expression model of HemECs was established using pifithrin-α. The apoptosis rate of each group was determined using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double staining and flow cytometry. The expression levels of downstream proteins regulated by p53 [tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS), p53-induced death domain-containing protein (PIDD), death receptor 5 (DR5), BH3-interacting domain death agonist (BID), apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX), p53 unregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class S protein (PIGS), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGF-BP3)] were revealed in the experimental and control groups via western blotting. Microscopic observation revealed the growth of an adherent monolayer of cells, which were closely packed and exhibited contact inhibition. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated increased expression of clotting factor VIII. SEM analysis revealed presence of Weibel-Palade bodies. The results of the analyses verified that the cultured cells were HemECs. The staining of the samples resulted in a significantly increased rate of apoptosis in experimental groups compared with the blank control group. This result suggested that there is an association between p53 expression and the rate of apoptosis of propranolol-treated HemECs. The results of the western blot analysis demonstrated an upregulation of BAX expression and a downregulation of IGF-BP3 expression in the HemECs treated with propranolol. There were no significant differences in the expression levels of FAS, DR5, PIDD, BID, PUMA and PIGS between experimental and control groups. This result suggests that p53 has an important role in HemEC apoptosis. The results of the present study additionally suggest that the propranolol-induced HemEC apoptosis pathway is a mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and is regulated by p53-BAX signaling.
Determination of Ghrelin?s Role in the Pathogenesis of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

Background: Ghrelin is a stomach-produced polypeptide hormone that stimulates hunger and secretion of growth hormone. Abnormalities in ghrelin secretion are well documented in obese patients, but explored little in patients with various forms of hypertension. Notably, ghrelin is indirectly involved in blood pressure regulation in pregnancy induced hypertension. Material and methods: The present study aimed to assess ghrelin concentration in venous blood of 19 nonpregnant (NP), 20 healthy pregnant (HP) and 20 hypertensive pregnant (PIH). It also included assessing blood ghrelin concentration of 21 obese hypertensive pregnant (OPIH) women before and one hour after eating. Ghrelin secretion was estimated 1-3 days before delivery. Results: All experimental groups of pregnant women (HP, PIH, and OPIH) showed significantly reduced ghrelin plasma level as compared with NP (812 ± 83, 716 ± 66, and 717 ± 52 vs 1057 ± 74, respectively). We found no significant ghrelin reduction after eating in obese hypertensive pregnant women. The blood ghrelin concentration in pregnant women negatively correlated with mean arterial pressure. In spite of the differences in ghrelin concentration in women, whom a decrease in ghrelin concentration after a standard meal was observed compared to women, who didn’t reduce of ghrelin secretion no differences were found in mean arterial pressure. Conclusion: The relationship between arterial hypertension and ghrelin secretion disorders during hypertensive pregnancy is uncertain and requires further examination.
Non‐hotspot volcano chains originating from small‐scale sublithospheric convection

Some oceanic volcano chains violate the predictions of the hotspot hypothesis for geographic age progressions. One mechanism invoked to explain these observations is small‐scale sublithospheric convection (SSC). In this study, we explore this concept in thermo‐chemical, 3D‐numerical models. Melting due to SSC is shown to emerge in elongated features (∼750 km) parallel to plate motion and not just at a fixed spot; therefore volcanism occurs in chains but not with hotspot‐like linear age progressions. The seafloor age at which volcanism first occurs is sensitive to mantle temperature, as higher temperatures increase the onset age of SSC because of the stabilizing influence of thicker residue from previous mid‐ocean ridge melting. Mantle viscosity controls the rate of melt production with decreasing viscosities leading to more vigorous convection and volcanism. Calculations predict many of the key observations of the Pukapuka ridges, and the volcano groups associated with the Line, Cook‐Austral, and Marshall Islands.
Examining perceptions about IQOS heated tobacco product: consumer studies in Japan and Switzerland

Objective To examine consumer perceptions, attitudes and behaviours regarding the heated tobacco product, IQOS, as well as to document the product’s marketing strategies to determine its potential for appealing to youth and young adults. Method Truth Initiative, in collaboration with Flamingo, collected qualitative data via: (1) expert interviews, (2) semiotic analysis of IQOS packing and marketing materials, and (3) 12 focus groups with adults in Switzerland (ages 19–44 years; June 6–9, 2016) and Japan (ages 20–39 years; June 22–24, 2016) (n=68 for both groups). Results Expert interviews and IQOS packing and marketing analyses revealed the product is being marketed as a clean, chic and pure product, which resonated very well in Japan given the strong cultural values of order, cleanliness, quality and respect for others. Focus groups results indicated Japanese IQOS users used the product for socialising with non-smokers. Focus group participants in both Japan and Switzerland reported lower levels of satisfaction with the product relative to combustible cigarettes, although many found the product packaging to be appealing. While participants identified several benefits and barriers related to IQOS, few reported any potential health benefits of use compared with combustible tobacco products. Conclusion IQOS was marketed as a sophisticated, high tech and aspirational product. Because youth and young adults are more interested in such product positioning, this approach raises some concern about youth appeal. This research shows cultural factors appeared to affect the appeal of this messaging, indicating that prevalence and uptake data will likely not be similar from country to country.
Construct an Index for Measuring Corporate Social Responsibility Activities for Developing World: Evidence from Sri Lanka

Researchers believed the lack of research on the developing world because of CSR measuring problem. Many CSR relationship studies in developed world used their own CSR indices but not in developing world. This study filled this gap by introducing a CSR index for measuring CSR activities in developing countries like Sri Lanka. The main aim of this study was to develop a suitable index to measure the CSR activities. The main research problem was how to develop a CSR index based on the CSR framework developed by researcher in 2012 that was developed to identify the CSR activities in Sri Lanka. The academic contribution of this study was, using this index the CSR relationship research studies could be developed in developing world like Sri Lanka. Also the benefits can be disclosed in the developing countries like Sri Lanka. Researcher used the dichotomous process for developing the disclosure index.
Development and Pilot Testing of an Internet-Based Self-Help Intervention for Depression for Indian Users

There is a dearth of published research on uptake and utility of mental health apps in India, despite a rising global trend in the application of technology in the field of mental health. We describe the development and pilot testing of a self-help intervention for depression, PUSH-D (Practice and Use Self-Help for Depression) for urban Indians. This guided self-help app, with essential and optional zone sections, was developed to provide a comprehensive coverage of therapeutic strategies drawn from cognitive behavior therapy, interpersonal therapy, supportive psychotherapy, and positive psychology. Pilot testing was carried out using a single group pre-, post- and follow-up design in 78 eligible participants. Participants were typically young adults with major depression or dysthymia and significant impairment in functioning. Almost two-thirds of the participants had never sought professional mental health help. Significant reductions in depression and improvement in the functioning and well-being were notedon standardized measures in participants completing all 10 essential zone sections. These gains were maintained at follow-up. The results were similar for partial completers, who completed fiveout of the 10 essential sections. PUSH-D is one of the first indigenously developed self-help apps for depression and it shows promise in reducing the treatment gap for depression in India.
Histomorphometric Analysis of Epithelial Thickness and Mucosal Vasculature in Oral Submucous Fibrosis

Aim: Morphometric image analysis was performed on H and E stained sections for evaluation of epithelial thickness, vascular density and vascular area percentage in different grades of oral submucous fibrosis. Materials and Methods: Twenty oral submucous fibrosis patients and ten controls comprised the study group. The H and E stained sections were examined and quantified using Optimas ver 6.0 software for the above parameters. Statistics: ANOVA was used to test the equality of means between epithelial thickness, vascular density and vascular area percentage. Pearson’s correlation was used to find the correlation between these variables. Results: The present study shows consistent decrease in the epithelial thickness with increasing grades of the disease and the difference is found to be statistically significant. The mean vascular density is found to be almost of the same value in the three groups and the difference is found to be statistically insignificant. Vascular area percentage significantly increased in advanced oral submucous fibrosis relative to early submucous fibrosis. Conclusion: The present study shows that ischemia may not play a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. Increased vascular area percentage seen in advanced stages could be an attempt of the tissue to reciprocate the stromal modifications seen in oral submucous fibrosis.
Incremental versus Rapid Internationalisation of Firms : Results of Exploratory Investigation from Poland

Objective: The main objective of the article was to discuss the pace of internationalisation and its empirical verification among Polish firms taking into account two factors - strategic thinking and familiness of the studied firms. Research Design & Methods: The paper, apart from literature review and its critique, is based on results of a survey conducted among randomly selected 355 internationalised firms of different sizes from Poland. Findings: Firms having an internationalisation strategy rather internationalize faster than these lacking such a strategy, taking into account the average number of years elapses from its founding to the first internationalisation. The empirical results show that the average time of internationalisation is shorter in case of family firms than non-family firms. Implications & Recommendations: Strategic thinking seems to be very important while going international. A well thought-out strategy can stimulate the whole process of internationalisation, so decision makers, especially entrepreneurs, should pay more attention to strategic aspects, even in early stages of development or early internationalisation. Contribution & Value Added: The article attempts to enrich the ongoing scientific discourse on the role of time and the pace of internationalisation by adding some evidence from Poland illustrating and verifying the links between strategic thinking as well as familiness of firms and the speed of internationalisation measured in years from the establishment of firms.
The dissociations of visual processing of “hole” and “no‐hole” stimuli: An functional magnetic resonance imaging study

“Where to begin” is a fundamental question of vision. A “Global‐first” topological approach proposed that the first step in object representation was to extract topological properties, especially whether the object had a hole or not. Numerous psychophysical studies found that the hole (closure) could be rapidly recognized by visual system as a primitive property. However, neuroimaging studies showed that the temporal lobe (IT), which lied at a late stage of ventral pathway, was involved as a dedicated region. It appeared paradoxical that IT served as a key region for processing the early component of visual information. Did there exist a distinct fast route to transit hole information to IT? We hypothesized that a fast noncortical pathway might participate in processing holes.