Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF AGENCY COST, PROFITABILITY, AND DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO (DER) ON DIVIDEND POLICY: A STUDY ON BASIC INDUSTRY AND CHEMICALS LISTED IN INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE DURING 2012-2016

Kebijakan dividen merupakan suatu keputusan perusahaan mengenai pembagian laba kepada para pemegang saham dalam bentuk dividen, atau menahannya dalam bentuk laba ditahan. Kebijakan dividen tersebut sering menimbulkan perbedaan kepentingan antara pemegang saham dan manajemen. Maka dari itu perlu adanya keselarasan antara pemegang saham dan manajemen dalam mengambil keputusan kebijakan dividen agar dapat melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kebijakan dividen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Agency Cost , Profitabilitas, dan Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) terhadap Kebijakan Dividen yang di proksikan dengan Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) pada sektor industri dasar dan kimia yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2012-2016. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari laporan keuangan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor industri dasar dan kimia yang terdaftar di BEI. Teknik pemilihan sampel yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling dan diperoleh 11 sampel dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun sehingga didapat 55 unit sampel perusahan sektor industri dasar dan kimia periode 2012-2016. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi data panel dengan menggunakan Software Eviews 9.0. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan Agency Cost , Profitabilitas, dan Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kebijakan Dividen. Sedangkan secara parsial, Agency Cost berpengaruh negatif terhadap Kebijakan Dividen, Profitabilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kebijakan Dividen dan Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) berpengaruh positif terhadap Kebijakan Dividen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, apabila perusahaan menginginkan untuk membagikan dividen harus memperhatikan sumber pendanaan untuk pembagian dividen kepada pemegang saham, hal ini dikarenakan perusahaan cenderung menjadikan utang perusahaan dibandingkan laba sebagai dasar pembayaran dividennya.
Interventional Spine Procedures in Athletes

Back pain is common in athletes and a source of missed time from practice and competition. Pain generators include muscle (strain), ligament (myofascial sprain and strain), intervertebral disc (herniation and degeneration), nerve (radiculopathy), joint (facet and sacroiliac (SI) joint), and bones (pars interarticularis defect). The goal of treatment of an athlete with back pain is to relieve symptoms and facilitate safe but rapid return to play with no change in performance. Initial conservative treatment includes relative rest, anti-inflammatory medications, and physical therapy. The use of interventional spine procedures in athletes with back pain has gained popularity as a nonoperative treatment option. Although there is lack of high-quality evidence of these procedures specifically in athletes, this article will discuss the utility of selective nerve root blocks, epidural steroid injections, intradiscal injections, pars interarticularis injection, facet joint interventions (intraarticular injection, medial branch block, and radiofrequency neurotomy), and SI joint interventions (intraarticular injection and radiofrequency neurotomy).
On traits, attributes, and incentives - motivating heterogeneous agents

versions of these phenomena described above have been implemented in the experimental laboratory. In standard experimental public goods contexts, the voluntary contribution mechanism (VCM) has emerged as the dominant way of representing public goods provision in experimental studies in economics and psychology (Chaudhuri, 2011; Ledyard, 1995; Zelmer, 2003). Under the VCM, all individuals voluntarily decide to either invest resources in the public account or to keep them in their private account. Afterwards, all investments to the public account are multiplied by a given factor and distributed among all individuals, including the defectors. Hence, in this simple game, keeping all resources in the private account is the individually dominant strategy, while investing everything in the public account is socially optimal. It has been shown that, on average, contribution rates under the VCM are between 40% and 60% of the social optimum, while contributions tend to decrease over repeated periods of the game (Chaudhuri, 2011; Goren et al., 2003). As already pointed out in the previous section, to alleviate this prevalent free-rider problem, several institutional solutions have been proposed. While several variants of the standard VCM have been discussed in that regard, the provision point mechanism (PPM) is of particular interest for studying public goods because it is more comparable to organizational reality, keeping in mind the above-described strategic initiatives and organizational task forces. We argue that using the PPM enhances both mundane and experimental realism because it differs from the VCM in two notable features (Abele et al., 2010; Croson and Marks, 1998; Marks and Croson, 1999). 1 First, the public good 1 While the former aims at resembling the real world in an experimental investigation, the latter is concerned with how well the experimental situation captures the theoretical constructs under scrutiny (Colquitt, 2008). Most often critique of experimental settings is targeted at low mundane realism, while experimental realism should be the focus of attention (Highhouse, 2009).
Profitability of Investment and Farm Level Efficiency Among Groups of Vitamin A Cassava Farmers in Oyo State Nigeria

Biofortified (vitamin A) cassava was developed through convectional breeding similar to most other improved varieties cultivated by Nigeria farmers. Despite its potential in addressing the increasing food demand and malnutrition in the country, lack of empirical knowledge about its yield and return on investment has been a major barrier to the uptake of this technology among farmers in Nigeria. This study examined the socio-economic characteristics of vitamin A cassava farmers; analyzed farm level efficiency and return on investment from vitamin A cassava in the study area; determined the factors affecting farm level efficiency and productivity, and examined the constraint to productivity and profitability among vitamin A cassava farmers. A multistage random sampling was used to select a total of 100 vitamin A cassava farmers in the study area. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, stochastic frontier production function (SFPF), profitability ratio and regression analysis. The results indicated that investing in vitamin A cassava as a business was very profitable. The result showed that 82% of the respondents were male, the mean age of the farmers was 53.25, 49% had only primary school certificate education, 66% farmed on the land between 1-2 hectares. The result further showed that on the average, total revenue was N261511.90, the total variable cost was N87754, gross margin was N173757.9, total cost was N179828.8, and net income was N81683.05. Mean technical efficiency was 78.73%. The study concluded that vitamin A cassava production in the study area was efficient and profitable. These results have implications for the design of effective advocacy strategies to attract more farmers into vitamin A cassava production in Nigeria.
Characterization of Encephalitis in Wild Birds Naturally Infected by Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1

SUMMARY. During the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in Sweden in 2006, disease and mortality were observed in a number of wild bird species. Encephalitis was one of the most consistent and severe findings in birds submitted for postmortem examination. However, the distribution and severity of the inflammation varied among individuals. This study characterized the encephalitis and the phenotype of the cellular infiltrate in brains of 40 birds of various species naturally infected with HPAI H5N1. Brain sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunostained for influenza A viral antigen were evaluated in parallel to brain sections immunostained with antibodies against T lymphocytes (CD3+), B lymphocytes (CD79a+), macrophages (Lectin RCA-1+), and astrocytes expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein. The virus showed marked neurotropism, and the neuropathology included multifocal to diffuse areas of gliosis and inflammation in the gray matter, neuronal degeneration, neuronophagia, vacuolation of the neuropil, focal necrosis, perivascular cuffing, and meningitis. Broad ranges in severity, neuroanatomical distribution, and type of cellular infiltrate were observed among the different bird species. Since neurotropism is a key feature of HPAI H5N1 infection in birds and other species and because the clinical presentation can vary, the characterization of the inflammation in the brain is important in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and also has important diagnostic implications for sample selection.
Mutational Analysis of the phoD Promoter in Bacillus subtilis: Implications for PhoP Binding and Promoter Activation of Pho Regulon Promoters

ABSTRACT The PhoP-PhoR two-component regulatory system controls the phosphate deficiency response in B. subtilis. A number of Pho regulon genes which require PhoP∼P for activation or repression have been identified. The studies reported here were initiated to understand the PhoP-DNA interaction necessary for Pho promoter regulation. The regulatory region of phoD was characterized in detail using oligo-directed mutagenesis, DNase I footprinting, and in vivo transcription assays. These data reveal basic principles of PhoP binding relevant to PhoP’s interaction with other Pho regulon promoters. Our results show that: (i) a dimer of PhoP∼P is able to bind two consensus repeats in a stable fashion; (ii) PhoP binding is highly cooperative within the core promoter region, which is located from −66 to −17 on the coding strand and contains four TT(A/T/C)ACA-like repeats; (iii) specific bases comprising the TT(A/T/C)ACA consensus are essential for transcriptional activation, but the specific base pairs of the intervening sequences separating the consensus repeats are not important for either PhoP binding or promoter activation; (iv) the spacing between two consensus repeats within a putative dimer binding site in the core region is important for both PhoP binding and promoter activation; (v) the exact spacing between two dimer binding sites within the core region is important for promoter activation but less so for PhoP binding affinity, as long as the repeats are on the same face of the helix; and (vi) the 5′ secondary binding region is important for coordinated PhoP binding to the core binding region, making it nearly essential for promoter activation.
Investigating cardiolocomotor synchronization during running in trained and untrained males

Introduction This study aims at investigating the coupling of the cardiac and locomotor systems during running in trained and untrained males. Methods Sixteen healthy young males subjects were submitted to an anthropometric evaluation, followed by a treadmill test at 70% to 75% of heart rate reserve. Based on the average velocity, they were divided into two groups of eight, trained group (TG) and untrained group (UT). The electrocardiogram and the electromyogram of the vastus lateralis muscle of the right thigh were digitized at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz, and processed off-line. Each cardiac and electromyographic cycle was detected to further investigate the coupling between cardiac and running rates in time domain, using the cross-correlation, and in the frequency domain, using a phase synchronization measure based on the Hilbert transform. A Shannon entropy index and magnitude squared coherence were also applied to improve analysis. Results Both groups presented low cross-correlation (0.18 ± 0.07 TG and 0.15 ± 0.08 UG) values between these signals, and only four from 16 subjects presented short epochs of phase synchronization (4.1 ± 8.6% TG and 3.2±7.3% UG) between signals, occurring at a low frequency band and random phase differences. The low to moderate coherence (0.67 ± 0.16 TG and 0.64 ± 0.16 UG) observed at 0.1 Hz appears to be an effect of the simultaneous action of sympathetic system over both cardiac and muscular rhythms. Conclusion The combined results suggest that the chosen exercise protocol was not able to cause cardiolocomotor synchronization.
Globalization, Work, and Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a global epidemic, is responsible for about 30% of all deaths worldwide. While mortality rates from CVD have been mostly declining in the advanced industrialized nations, CVD risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, have been on the increase everywhere. Researchers investigating the social causes of CVD have produced a robust body of evidence documenting the relationships between the work environment and CVD, including through the mechanisms of psychosocial work stressors. We review the empirical evidence linking work, psychosocial stressors, and CVD. These work stressors can produce chronic biologic arousal and promote unhealthy behaviors and thus, increased CVD risk. We offer a theoretical model that illustrates how economic globalization influences the labor market and work organization in high-income countries, which, in turn, exacerbates job characteristics, such as demands, low job control, effort-reward imbalance, job insecurity, and long work hours. There is also a growing interest in “upstream” factors among work stress researchers, including precarious employment, downsizing/restructuring, privatization, and lean production. We conclude with suggestions for future epidemiologic research on the role of work in the development of CVD, as well as policy recommendations for prevention of work-related CVD.
ICDAR2017 Robust Reading Challenge on Omnidirectional Video

Results of ICDAR 2017 Robust Reading Challenge on Omnidirectional Video are presented. This competition uses Downtown Osaka Scene Text (DOST) Dataset that was captured in Osaka, Japan with an omnidirectional camera. Hence, it consists of sequential images (videos) of different view angles. Regarding the sequential images as videos (video mode), two tasks of localisation and end-to-end recognition are prepared. Regarding them as a set of still images (still image mode), three tasks of localisation, cropped word recognition and end-to-end recognition are prepared. As the dataset has been captured in Japan, the dataset contains Japanese text but also include text consisting of alphanumeric characters (Latin text). Hence, a submitted result for each task is evaluated in three ways: using Japanese only ground truth (GT), using Latin only GT and using combined GTs of both. Finally, by the submission deadline, we have received two submissions in the text localisation task of the still image mode. We intend to continue the competition in the open mode. Expecting further submissions, in this report we provide baseline results in all the tasks in addition to the submissions from the community.
How did Regional Economic Structures in the EU Change during the Economic Crisis

10 years on, many countries and regions in the EU still bear the scars of the 2008/2009 financial crisis. Countries and regions have recovered at different rates and undergone different structural changes. While the asymmetric impact of the crisis across regions and sectors has had a short-term impact on concentration and specialisation patterns; long-term forces, such as global economic and supply chain integration, continue to shape the economic landscape of European regions. In our empirical analysis, we describe the development of regional economic structures in terms of sectoral employment and production (gross value added) during the crisis. We focus on the location pattern of sectors (concentration), i.e. in which regions economic activities in a sector tend to be located, and the specialisation of regions, i.e. which sectors are particularly important in a region. Our analysis shows that the impact of the crisis on overall specialisation patterns appears rather limited, although some regions have been more affected than others. In addition, the general trend of sectoral location patterns in the EU becoming more similar over time has continued, albeit at a slower pace since 2009, especially in Central and East European Countries. In terms of sectors, employment and production concentration in the construction and manufacturing sectors, which displayed clustering before the crisis, have been dispersing since 2009. The data also show that regions with large employment losses during the crisis were mainly specialised in agriculture, low-tech manufacturing, construction and less-skilled services such as trade, accommodation/restaurants and transport. This suggests that local economic structures may have played a role in the economic resilience of regions during the crisis.
Blood donation associated risks: data from a Swiss regional haemovigilance program

Dear Sir, Today, blood donation remains the only way to obtain labile blood products essential for patient care. The actual knowledge of adverse reactions among blood donors is limited to a few publications issued from large surveys in the United States (Eder et al., 2008), Denmark (Sorensen et al., 2008) and Japan (Nakajima, 2009) which reported incidence rates varying from 0·82 to 3·48%. Minor and delayed events are likely to be underreported, as suggested by Newman et al., 2003, who showed an overall complication rate of 36% when systematically interviewing blood donors three weeks after collection. Presyncopal reactions and haematomas represent the majority of events, while severe complications are very rare (5–74 of 100’000 donations). Adverse events reduce the likelihood of a second donation (France et al., 2004) as only a quarter of donors who have suffered a syncope will return for future donation. We have analysed systematically and prospectively collected data over a 4-year period (Donor Haemovigilance Program 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2011) at one centre in terms of type, frequency and severity of adverse events. We were able to compare whole blood donation and plateletpheresis. The impact of donor age on syncopal and presyncopal reaction was investigated, highlighting the safety of blood donation in the over 66 years old group. The Donor Haemovigilance Program at our centre is based on mandatory reports by the nursing staff, of all adverse events related to blood donations specifying date, type, severity as well as donor characteristics. Complications occurring when outside the collection facility are reported by the donors themselves. Our centre has collected a total of 131 225 blood donations during the observation period (1 January 2008 to 31 December 2011) from about 20 000 active donors, with a mean of 1·5 donations per person each year. The donor population is composed of 44·0% women and 18·6% new donors each year, while 6·6% of active donors are over 66 years old. Whole blood is collected at the blood centre (33·1% of donations) or at mobile collection sites (61·2% of donations). Plateletpheresis (Trima, Caridian BCT, Lockwood, Denver, CO, USA) represents 5·7% of donations. The health status of donors is assessed by the nursing team using a special questionnaire. Hydration is systematically
Vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer: evaluation of endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography, ultrasonography, and angiography.

PRINCIPLES Current methods for detecting vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer can be inaccurate, invasive, and expensive. The aim of this study is to assess the value of current imaging modalities in determining vascular invasion by pancreatic cancer. METHODS The results of Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS), Computed Tomography (CT), Ultrasonography (US), and Angiography performed in 170 patients, suffering from pancreatic cancer, were retrospectively studied and correlated with intra-operative findings and surgical anatomopathological diagnosis after resection. We assessed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy for detecting vascular invasion. RESULTS EUS turned out to be the most reliable imaging technique for detecting vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer, with a sensitivity of 55%, specificity of 90%, positive predictive value of 61.1%, negative predictive value of 87.5%, and accuracy of 82.2%. CT results were 39.4%, 90%, 52%, 84.4%, and 79.1% for the respective categories, with however, better results with multislice CT. The US results were 3.7% for the sensitivity, 96.3% for the specificity, 25% for the positive predictive value, 75.2% for the negative predictive value, and 73.4% for the accuracy. For angiography, the sensitivity, the specificity, the positive predictive value, the negative predictive value, and the accuracy were 52.6%, 72.3%, 43.5%, 79.1%, and 66.7% respectively. CONCLUSION In this study, EUS was the most valuable imaging modality in assessing vascular invasion (especially for venous invasion) for pancreatic cancer, with an accuracy of more than 80%. A further prospective study should be carried out to evaluate the combination of imaging modalities for the detection of vascular involvement, especially with multi-slice CT which almost reached the performances obtained by EUS.
Surgical Reduction of Tumour Bulk in Management of Abdominal Burkitt's Lymphoma

The results of a retrospective study of the value of reductive surgery in the treatment of abdominal Burkitt's lymphoma are reported. Nine patients had almost complete removal of the tumour, 16 had little over half of the tumour removed, and 43 underwent biopsy only. All patients subsequently received chemotherapy. There was a highly significant difference in the proportion of patients achieving a sustained durable remission (P > 0·0001) and a significant difference in survival (P > 0·05) between the group having almost complete removal and the partial resection group. Partial resection gave no advantage over no surgery. We believe that whenever possible complete removal of the abdominal tumour should be attempted regardless of the presence of extra-abdominal tumour; but unless at least 90% of the tumour can be removed there is no advantage in partial resection in terms of response to subsequent chemotherapy. In particular the removal of one of two involved ovaries can no longer be recommended. The implications of these results are related to cancer treatment strategy.