Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A High Frequency Trade Execution Model for Supervised Learning

The application of machine learning to price prediction has been extensively researched yet the merit of this approach for high frequency market making has received little attention in the research literature, primarily because it rests on being able to backtest classifier performance under trade execution constraints. This paper introduces a trade execution model to evaluate the economic impact of classifiers through backtesting. Extending the concept of confusion matrix, we introduce a 'trade information matrix' to attribute the expected profit and loss of classifiers under execution constraints, such as fill probabilities and position dependent trade rules, to correct and incorrect predictions. We apply the execution model and trade information matrix to Level II T-bond and E-mini S&P 500 futures history and evaluate the sensitivity of the P&L to latency, training and prediction horizon and queue position. With the exception of the roll date, we find little evidence of economic or trading events affecting the accuracy of machine learning methods. Our conclusion is that while machine learning based price prediction may translate into economic utility through avoiding adverse selection in market making, it provides little if any advantage in gaining queue position, which is also a significant factor in strategy profitability.
Microseismicity and focal mechanisms at the western termination of the North Anatolian Fault and their implications for continental tectonics

SUMMARY For seven weeks, a temporary network of 68 seismological stations was operated in Central Greece, in the region of Thessaly and Evia, located at the western termination of the North Anatolian Fault system. We recorded 510 earthquakes and computed 80 focal mechanisms. Seismic activity is associated with the NE‐SW dextral North Aegean Fault, or with very young E‐W-striking normal faults that are located around the Gulf of Volos and the Gulf of Lamia. The important NW‐SE-striking faults bounding the Pilion, or the basins of Larissa and Karditsa, are not seismically active, suggesting that it is easier to break continental crust, creating new faults perpendicular to the principal stresses, than to reactivate faults that strike obliquely to the principal stress axes
The Analysis of Mathematical Literacy on Realistic Problem-Based Learning with E-Edmodo Based on Student’s Self Efficacy

This study aims to: (a) analyze the effectiveness of the realistic approach of project-based learning with E-Edmodo as a media, which is proven if the mathematical literacy ability of the experimental class: (1) passes the classical completion as at least 75% of the students reach minimum score of 70; (2) is better than the control class; (3) is increasing, (b) analyze the mathematical literacy ability of the experimental class based on student’s self efficacy. The mixed method was used in this study. The subject of the qualitative study was the students of class VII C (experimental class) and class VII A (control class), while the subjects of the qualitative study were 6 selected students from class VII C consisting of two students each in high, medium, and low self-efficacy groups. The data collection techniques included observation, test, interview and documentation. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that: (1) Realistic project-based learning with E-Edmodo was effective, shown by the achievement of classical completion, the average mathematical literacy ability of the experiment class students was higher than the control class, and there was improvement of mathematical literacy ability on Realistic project-based learning with E-Edmodo by 62%. (2) Students with high self-efficacy achieved excellent level of mathematical literacy ability, while students with medium self-efficacy achieved good mathematical literacy ability, and students with low self-efficacy achieved sufficient degree of literacy mathematics ability.
A CHARACTERIZATION OF GROUPS IN TERMS OF THE DEGREES OF THEIR CHARACTERS

The purpose of this paper is to study properties of groups which are related to the degrees of their absolutely irreducible characters and in particular to the biggest such degree. Let p be a fixed prime. We say group G has r.x. e (representation exponent e) if the degrees of all the absolutely irreducible characters of G divide p\ If G has a subinvariant abelian subgroup whose index divides p then by Ito's Theorem, G has r.x. e. We show conversely that if G has r.x. e then G has a subinvariant abelian subgroup whose index divides p. While we do not obtain the best possible value for the exponent in the above bound, we do show that it is essentially a linear function of e. We can obtain information about somewhat larger subgroups. We show that a group G with r.x. e has a subgroup H of index p with [H:S(H)] ^p*<f+*>f where 3(iJ) is the center of H. The latter bound is by no means best possible. However we show by example that a similar result cannot hold in general for subgroups of index less than p. We study the case e = 1 in more detail and completely characterize all such groups. This generalizes a result of Amitsur which discusses the p — 2 situation. We prove that G has r.x. l if and only if (i) G is abelian, (ii) G has a normal abelian subgroup of index p or (iii) [G : 3(G)] = p. The previous results apply to rather special groups. We consider the more general case now. We say group G has r.b. n (representation bound n) if the degrees of all the absolutely irreducible characters of G are ^ n. If G has an abelian subgroup A with [G : A] ^ n then as is easily seen G has r.b. n. Conversely we show here that there is a finite valued function h with the property that if G has r.b. n then G has an abelian subgroup A with [G : A] ^ h(ri). This result can be viewed as an analog to Jordan's Theorem for complex linear groups of degree n. The analogy between groups with r.b. n and linear groups of degree n can be carried further. We show that if G has r.b. n and if p is a prime with p > n then G has a normal abelian Sylow p-subgroup. Finally we discuss some extensions of the above results to infinite discrete groups.
Enhanced In Situ Anaerobic Bioremediation of Fuel-Contaminated Ground Water

Abstract : We have demonstrated the application of an enhanced in situ anaerobic bioremediation technology to clean up ground water contaminated with fuel hydrocarbons, particularly benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). The technology is based on introduction of electron acceptors such as sulfate and nitrate, coupled with removal of toxic or inhibitory compounds such as sulfide, in order to stimulate anaerobic ground water bacteria. The bacteria use the fuel hydrocarbons as a source of carbon and energy, mineralizing BTEX and other hydrocarbons to harmless carbon dioxide in the process. The details of this demonstration have been provided in the project Final Report, and are summarized in this document. A key issue in the implementation of this technology is the ability to effectively introduce the electron acceptors into the contaminated aquifer region while simultaneously removing toxic or inhibitory compounds. To accomplish this, we installed three injection wells and one extraction well into the contaminated region of the demonstration aquifer. Extracted water was treated to remove toxic and inhibitory compounds, as well as target compounds that were not degraded in situ, then augmented with electron acceptors at the appropriate concentrations, then re-injected via the injection wells. This design allowed the development of three treatment zones (one zone between the extraction well and each of the three injection wells). This methodology is particularly effective at contaminated sites where the target contaminants are sorbed to the aquifer solids and/or are present as small globules of non-aqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs), because the treatment zones are created in the same portion of the aquifer as where the contamination is located.
The potential of sea ice leads as a predictor for summer Arctic sea ice extent

Abstract. The Arctic sea ice extent throughout the melt season is closely associated with initial sea ice state in winter and spring. Sea ice leads are important sites of energy fluxes in the Arctic Ocean, which may play an important role in the evolution of Arctic sea ice. In this study, we examine the potential of sea ice leads as a predictor for summer Arctic sea ice extent forecast using a recently developed daily sea ice lead product retrieved from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Our results show that July pan-Arctic sea ice extent can be predicted from the area of sea ice leads integrated from midwinter to late spring, with a prediction error of 0.28 million km2 that is smaller than the standard deviation of the observed interannual variability. However, the predictive skills for August and September pan-Arctic sea ice extent are very low. When the area of sea ice leads integrated in the Atlantic and central and west Siberian sector of the Arctic is used, it has a significantly strong relationship (high predictability) with both July and August sea ice extent in the Atlantic and central and west Siberian sector of the Arctic. Thus, the realistic representation of sea ice leads (e.g., the areal coverage) in numerical prediction systems might improve the skill of forecast in the Arctic region.
GENETIC VARIBAILITY AND CORRELATION ANALYSIS FOR YIELD COMPONENTS IN MUNGBEAN (Vigna radiata L. Wilezek)

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilezek) genotypes were tested for genetic variability and correlation among different yield contributing traits i.e., plant height, pods plant -1 , pod length, seed pod -1 , biological yield, and grain yield. Maximum plant height was observed for genotype NFM5-63-19 cm; maximum number of pods plant -1 was recorded for genotype NFM5-63-19, while; genotype NFM-12-8 and NFM-6-5 found with a maximum pod length. Similarly the maximum number of seed pod -1 , biological yield and grain yield was observed in genotype NFM-6-5, NFM-12-6 and NM- 98 respectively. The high heritability was recorded for pod length (99%) and plant height (70%), while pods plant -1 (29%) and seed pod -1 (17%) had low heritability. Based on genotypic correlation analysis characters like plant height, pods plant - 1 , pod length and on phenotypic basis grain yield and seed pod -1 could be the best criteria in any breeding program for
The maximal subsemigroups of semigroups of transformations preserving or reversing the orientation on a finite chain

The study of the semigroups OPn, of all orientation-preserving transformations on an n-element chain, and ORn, of all orientation-preserving or orientation-reversing transformations on an n-element chain, has began in [17] and [5]. In order to bring more insight into the subsemigroup structure of OPn and ORn, we characterize their maximal subsemigroups.
Dynamic Stall Control by Passive Disturbance Generators

Passive cylindrical disturbance generators mounted near the leading edge of an airfoil significantly improved its performance under dynamic stall conditions. Time-resolved particle image velocimetry and simultaneous pressure measurements were conducted at the midchord of a pitching airfoil equipped with passive disturbance generators. The disturbance generators were effective in reducing the strength of the dynamic stall vortex and therefore the negative pitching moment peak and hysteresis effects. When the disturbance generators were applied, the flow separation type was altered from leading- to trailing-edge stall. In contrast to the clean case, reattachment was initiated immediately after the separation reached the leading-edge region. In addition to the circular shape, also backward- and forward-wedge-shaped disturbance generators were investigated. Although the backward wedge also showed favorable results, the forward wedge was less successful. The shape of the disturbance generators appears to have .
Social support in wolves (Canis lupus) and dogs (Canis familiaris)

Wissenschaftliche Studien belegen, dass die Beziehung zwischen Hunden und ihrem Besitzer einer sozialen Bindung entsprechen konnen. Bei Trennung reagieren Hunde wie Kinder, die von ihrer Mutter getrennt werden. Topal et al. 2005 gelang es in ihrer Studie nicht ahnliche Bindung zwischen 4 Monate alten Wolfswelpen und ihren Handaufziehern nachzuweisen. Es ist jedoch erforscht, dass die Prasenz eines sozial verbundeten Partners – und noch mehr eine wichtige Bezugsperson - stressige Situationen lindern kann. Um die Effektivitat eines menschlichen Partners aufzuzeigen, haben wir diese mit jener von Artgenossen verglichen. Um den Einfluss unterschiedlicher Sozialisierung zu evaluieren, haben wir weiters die Vorteile menschlicher Unterstutzung mit jener der Mutterhundin verglichen. Dazu wurden Hundewelpen (N=14) und Wolfswelpen (N=12) unter gleichen Bedingungen aufgezogen um ihr Verhalten mit jenem von traditionell heranwachsenden Hundewelpen (N=6) zu verglichen. Die Effektivitat ihrer Aufzieher bzw. Besitzer wurde dabei in zwei Testsituationen miteinander verglichen. Im Alter von 5 und 7 Wochen wurden die Welpen jeweils in Anwesenheit des Menschen sowie allein mit einem stressigen Objekt konfrontiert (gelber Schaumgummiball und lautender Wecker). Zusatzlich wurde ein Separationstest durchgefuhrt. Nach 5-minutiger Isolation wurde den Welpen ein Partner zur Seite gestellt, worauf erneute Separation folgte. Von Hand aufgezogene Wolfe und Hunde wurden in der Gegenwart ihrer Aufzieher getestet, Haushunde wurden mit ihrer Mutter getestet. In einem zweiten Durchgang wurden alle Welpen mit einem gleichaltrigen Welpen getestet. Verhaltensbedingte Stressreaktionen wurden aufgezeichnet und analysiert. Unsere Resultate zeigen, dass alle Testtiere, unabhangig von der Art der Sozialisation, weniger Stress zeigten wenn ein Partner anwesend war. Im Vergleich zur Mutterhundin bzw. eines gleichaltrigen Welpen zeigte sich jedoch, dass der Mensch effektiver war. Wir fanden erhohte Stressreaktionen in handaufgezogenen Tieren im Vergleich zu herkommlich aufgewachsenen Haushunden. Innerhalb der handaufgezogenen Individuen, zeigten Wolfe generell mehr Stressverhalten, welche im relativ stressigen Wecker-Test im Alter noch zunahmen. Unsere Resultate unterstutzen daher die Annahme einer synergetischen Hypothese (Gacsi et al. 2009), die besagt, dass die Mensch-Hund-Beziehung aufgrund evolutionarer und ontogenetischer Prozesse entstanden ist. Wenngleich Wolfe wahrend ihrer Entwicklung starker unabhangig zu werden scheinen, zeigen unsere Daten dennoch, dass auch Wolfe den Menschen als „sicheren Hafen“ akzeptieren und in stressigen Situationen von der Unterstutzung eines vertrauten Menschen profitieren konnen.
USED FRYING OIL BIODIESEL PRODUCTION: EXPERIMENTAL FACTORIAL DESIGN AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS

RESUMO: Biodiesel e derivado de fontes renovaveis e reduz significativamente as emissoes atmosfericas. Pode ser obtido de diversos processos, como a alcoolise. Neste trabalho, o biodiesel foi produzido atraves da alcoolise do oleo de fritura usado de industrias de alimentacao. Um planejamento experimental foi utilizado e os produtos de reacao foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa (CG) espectroscopia na regiao do infravermelho com acessorio de reflexao total atenuada horizontal (IV-HATR) e analise exploratoria por analise de componentes principais (PCA) e analise hierarquica de grupos (HCA). De acordo com as condicoes analisadas obteve-se alta conversao em esteres metilicos. Por IV-HATR, a conversao maxima foi observada em condicoes experimentais de temperatura ( 50 e 60°C), concentracao de catalisador (0,6 e 1,2%) e a 1:8 de relacao molar entre oleo e metanol. Tambem foi possivel discriminar por analise quimiometrica, 4 grupos no planejamento experimental e determinar as melhores condicoes para a producao de biodiesel de oleo de fritura usado.
Carbon-to-nitrogen ratios for Agaricus brasiliensis on the axenic method - DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v32i1.5086

Cultivation techniques for Agaricus brasiliensis (composting method) and substratum formulations are the same ones used for Agaricus bisporus . Most of the carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratios reported for A. brasiliensis are similar to those used for A. bisporus on the composting method and there are few studies about the variation of C:N ratios for A. brasilienses on the axenic method. The objective of this study was to verify the mycelial growth of A. brasiliensis on different C:N ratios using regional by-products as substrate formulation on the axenic method. Studied C:N ratios of substrate (mixture of soybean and cassava fibers) ranged from 11:1 to 248:1, with nitrogen content ranging from 4.25 to 0.20%, respectively. It was concluded that substrate with only soybean fiber generates higher mycelial growth than any formulation with cassava fiber; the highest mycelial growth on substrate is with C:N ratio of 11:1 (N = 4.25%); the intermediate growth is with C:N ratio range from 15:1 to 50:1 (N from 3.31 to 0.98%); and the lowest growth is with C:N ratio of 100:1 or higher (N ≤ 0.50%).
A combined organic‐inorganic sea‐spray source function

This study presents a novel approach to develop a combined organic‐inorganic sub‐micron sea‐spray source function for inclusion in large‐scale models. It requires wind speed and surface ocean chlorophyll‐a concentration as input parameters. The combined organic‐inorganic source function is implemented in the REMOTE regional climate model and sea‐spray fields are predicted with particular focus on the North East Atlantic. The model predictions using the new source functions compare well with observations of total sea‐spray mass and organic carbon fraction in sea‐spray aerosol. During winter (periods of low oceanic biological activity), sea‐salt dominates the sea‐spray mass while in summer (when biological activity is high), water soluble organic carbon contributes between 60–90% of the submicron sea‐spray mass.
The "Hoja de Malvón" Grape Disease in Argentina

“Hoja de malvon” is the common name of a disease that has been observed in grapevines of Argentina since the beginning of the century. This paper reports the status of this disease in this country. The disease starts appearing in one of the plant arms. Leaves are smaller than normal, chlorotic and with the edges rolled downwards, the canes and current-year shoots show reduced growth and the clusters are smaller and sparser with berries of non uniform-size. In a cross sectional cut of the trunk two types of necrosis could be observed: a yellowish necrosis of soft consistency, or decay, in a central or sectorial position, surrounded by a black line and a brownish area; and a sectorial light brown necrosis of hard consistency, surrounded by a brown zone. Sometime, black spots are observed at the edge of the damaged areas. Isolations from trunk tissues of different cultivars of grafted and nongrafted plants, 3- to 30-year-old, were done in malt extract agar. Phellinus sp. , Botryodiplodia sp. and Phaeoacremonium spp. (P. aleophilum, P. chlamydosporum and P. parasiticum) were isolated. Up to now, in vitro pathogenicity tests were conducted only with Phellinus sp. , Botryodiplodia sp. and P. chlamydosporum, which were able to cause the decline and death of young plants. Research attempting to quantify the effects, and to study the factors influencing the appearance of the disease, is also being conducted. Only preventive practices are recommended for its control.
Does the choice of an exchange rate regime limits exchange rate misalignments? The example of sub-Saharan African countries

This article examines the incidence of exchange rate regime on the real exchange rate misalignments in Sub-Saharan African countries. To this end, we compare misalignments of 17 countries classified into two groups according to the exchange rate regime. For the equilibrium real exchange rate determination, we rely on a NATREX-based approach which we compare to the behavioral model (BEER), to prove results consistency. Relying on annual data between 1980 and 2011, our estimates made simultaneously by the Pooled Mean Group method (PMG), the Dynamic OLS (DOLS) and the Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS) show that misalignments do not differ in average from one group to another. Put another way, no exchange rate regime is going to bail an economy out of deviations of its exchange rate.
Mortgage Choice - The Danish Case ∗

In this paper we analyze the mortgage choice faced by Danish borrowers. Based on an analysis of the most popular Danish mortgage products, we argue that Adjustable-Rate Mortgages (ARM) with life time caps will combine the most attractive features from straight ARMs and callable Fixed-Rate Mortgages (FRM). Furthermore, we find the delivery option embedded in Danish mortgages to be an important feature, which protects households from the risk of insolvency by facilitating a closer match between assets and liabilities in the household portfolio.
A case study in Code-Mixing among Jahangirnagar University Students

English is, no doubt, a widely spoken language all over the world, which substantially influences its development. Bangladesh is no exception, and here English is taught at all levels of education and recently, it has been seen that in most of the universities of Bangladesh, students most of the time, when they speak with other students, use English in their speaking extensively, and many times, they mix English with Bangla. This tendency of code-mixing has brought some changes in Bangladeshi people and their culture because a language normally carries the culture of that language. So, this paper was meant to present how the mixture of English language with Bangla language is having an impact on both English and Bangladeshi cultures. To do so, it empirically through qualitative and quantitative methods found out the areas (the causes and patterns) in which English is mixed with Bangla by the students of Jahangirnagar University. The study also found out that excessive and sometimes unnecessary use of English detered communication. It gave a suggestion that speakers should learn or be taught to use both languages correctly. Finally, it provided some recommendations for the students to facilitate the learning of these two languages for the betterment of both English and Bangladeshi cultures. Key words: Code-mixing, mixture, language, code-switching.
Relative Performance Benchmarks: Do Boards Follow the Informativeness Principle?

Standard principal-agent models suggest that boards design incentive contracts that filter out common shocks in performance to motivate costly effort from the CEO ― a process entailing the judicious selection of benchmarks for relative performance evaluation (RPE). We evaluate the efficacy of firms' chosen RPE benchmarks and document that, relative to a normative benchmark, index-based benchmarks perform 14% worse in their time-series return-regression R2 and 16% worse in measurement error variance; firms choosing specific peers only modestly under-perform. Structural estimates suggest that, absent frictions, the underperformance of index-based benchmarks imply a performance penalty of 106-277 basis points in annual returns. Consistent with these estimates, firms choosing index-based benchmarks exhibit lower annual returns and ROA. Finally, reduced-form analyses suggest that the inefficient benchmarking is associated with governance-related frictions. Collectively, these findings provide new evidence on the explicit practice of RPE and its implications for corporate governance and firm performance.