Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A method for determining source reduction required to meet air quality standards.

A method is presented for analyzing aerometric data and developing criteria for establishing a reduction in pollution levels required to obtain desired improvements in air quality. Calculations of meteorology as well as oxidants and carbon monoxide information of the Los Angeles area were summarized on punch cards using an appropriate computer program. A second computer program was written to perform correlation and regression analyses for sets of variables from the summary card. The summary cards were also used directly to plot scatter diagrams by a machine method and to calculate frequency distributions.
CFD Analysis of Arc–Flow Interaction in a High-Voltage Gas Circuit Breaker Using an Overset Method

A computational analysis of the gas flow in a gas circuit breaker is presented in this paper. A structured grid with a high-order conservative overset method is used for an accurate flow analysis. In addition, this paper includes the modeling of the arc, radiation, and ablation of the nozzle. The results of the flow analysis are compared with the experimental data, showing good agreement with the experimental data.
Trauma, resilience and saliostasis: effects of treatment in post-traumatic stress disorder

There has been growing interest in the concept of resilience and the question as to whether psychotropic medications or psychosocial treatments might have resilience-enhancing effects. This pilot study investigates resilience in a sample of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) before and after treatment. Effects of treatment with tiagabine, fluoxetine, sertraline alone, and sertraline with cognitive behavioural therapy on resilience were assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Changes in resilience after treatment were measured and response to treatment was predicted from demographic, resilience and baseline disability measures. Changes in resilience following treatment were statistically significant. Items that showed the greatest change related to confidence, control, coping, knowing where to turn for help and adaptability. Items showing the least change related to religious and existential aspects of resiliency, effort, acting on a hunch, decision-making and goals. In linear and logistic regression models, gender, baseline CD-RISC score, baseline Sheehan Disability Scale score and an individual item from the CD-RISC scale, ‘Sense of Humor’, were significant predictors of response to treatment. Treatment of PTSD significantly improved resilience and reduced symptoms in this sample. Further controlled studies are indicated.
Methods for minimizing dynamic power consumption in synchronous designs with multiple supply voltages

We address the problem of minimizing dynamic power consumption under performance constraints by scaling down the supply voltage of computational elements off critical paths. We assume that the number of possible supply voltages and their values are known for each computational element. We focus on solving this problem on cyclic and acyclic graphs corresponding to synchronous designs. We consider multiphase clocked sequential circuits derived using software pipelining techniques. In this paper, we present exact and heuristic methods to solve the problem. The proposed methods take the form of mathematical programming formulations and their associated solution algorithms. The exact methods are based on a mixed integer linear programming formulation of the problem. The heuristic methods are based on linear programming formulations derived from the exact problem formulation. Solution methods are analyzed experimentally in terms of their run time and effectiveness in finding designs with lower dynamic power using circuits from the ISCAS89 benchmark suite. Power reduction factors as high as 69.75% were obtained compared to designs using the highest supply voltages. One of the heuristic methods leads to solutions that are near optimal, typically within 5% from the optimal solution. Low dynamic-power designs with no or a small number of level converters, are also obtained.
Uncoupling protein-2 participates in cellular defense against oxidative stress in clonal beta-cells.

The role of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) in beta-cells is presently unclear. We have tested the notion that UCP-2 participates in beta-cell defense against oxidants. Expression of the UCP-2 gene in clonal beta-cells (INS-1) was decreased by 45% after 48 h of culture with vitamin E and selenite. When INS-1 cells were exposed to 200 microM H(2)O(2) for 5 min, the cell viability (MTT assay) decreased to 85 +/- 1, 61 +/- 1, 40 +/- 2, and 39 +/- 2% of control when measured respectively 30 min, 2 h, 6 h, and 16 h after H(2)O(2) exposure. At corresponding time points UCP-2 mRNA levels were 1.01 +/- 0.09, 1.53 +/- 0.15 (P < 0.05), 1.44 +/- 0.18 (P = 0.06), and 1.12 +/- 0.09 fold of control, i.e., transiently increased. We next tested whether overexpression of UCP-2 could enhance resistance of beta-cells toward H(2)O(2) toxicity. A cotransfection method using EGFP as a suitable marker and a human cDNA UCP-2 construct was used for transient overexpression of UCP-2. Transfected cells expressed the gene about 30-fold more than normal cells. After exposure to H(2)O(2) (200 micrometer, 5 min), the survival of UCP-2 overexpressing cells was measured 30-45 min later by flow cytometry. Survival was 13 +/- 0.05% higher than control (EGFP only) cells, P < 0.004 for difference. The results indicate that oxidative stress induces UCP-2 expression in beta-cells, and that UCP-2 serves a role in beta-cell defense against oxidative stress.
Financial inclusion in Ethiopia: using lsms (Ethiopia socioeconomic survey) data

Only less than a quarter of Ethiopian adults have a formal account. In this study, the status, level and determinants of financial inclusion and barriers to financial inclusion in Ethiopia are analysed. We found that better education, financial literacy, gender, age, living in an urban area, living in the capital city, and preference for formal financial services are associated with a greater level of financial inclusion in Ethiopia. Furthermore, we found that involuntary and voluntary exclusion are higher in Ethiopia. We recommend policies that could narrow down gender, religious, and urban-rural gaps and foster financial inclusion in Ethiopia. Key words: financial inclusion; financial institution; Ethiopia JEL Classification: G29, O16, D14
Validation of a Model for the Study of Multiple Wounds in the Diabetic Mouse (db/db)

The genetically diabetic db/db mouse exhibits symptoms that resemble human type 2 diabetes mellitus, demonstrates delayed wound healing, and has been used extensively as a model to study the role of therapeutic topical reagents in wound healing. The purpose of the authors’ study was to validate an excisional wound model using a 6-mm biopsy punch to create four full-thickness dorsal wounds on a single db/db mouse. Factors considered in developing the db/db wound model include reproducibility of size and shape of wounds, the effect of semiocclusive dressings, comparison with littermate controls (db/−), clinical versus histologic evidence of wound closure, and cross-contamination of wounds with topically applied reagents. The size of wounds was larger, with less variation in the db/db mice (31.11 ± 3.76 mm2) versus db/− mice (23.64 ± 4.78 mm2). Wounds on db/db mice that were covered with a semiocclusive dressing healed significantly more slowly (mean, 27.75 days) than wounds not covered with the dressing (mean, 13 days; p < 0.001), suggesting the dressings may splint the wounds open. As expected, wounds healed more slowly on db/db mice than db/− mice (covered wounds, 27.75 days versus 11.86 days, p < 0.001; wounds not covered, 13 days versus 11.75 days, p = 0.39). Covered wounds, thought to be closed by clinical examination, were confirmed closed by histology only 62 percent of the time in the db/db and 100 percent of the time in the db/− mice. Topical application of blue histologic dye or soluble biotinylated laminin 5 to one of the four wounds did not spread locally and contaminate adjacent wounds. Multiple, uniform, 6-mm wounds in db/db mice heal in a relatively short time, decrease the number of animals needed for each study, and allow each animal to serve as its own control. The db/db diabetic mouse appears to be an excellent model of delayed wound healing, particularly for studying factors related to epithelial migration.
Bank Bonus Pay as a Risk Sharing Contract

We argue that risk sharing motivates the bankwide structure of bonus pay. In the presence of financial frictions that make external financing costly, the optimal contract between shareholders and employees involves some degree of risk sharing whereby bonus pay partially absorbs negative earnings shocks. Using payroll data for 1.26 million employee-years in all functional divisions of Austrian, German, and Swiss banks, we uncover several empirical patterns in bonus pay that are difficult to rationalize exclusively with incentive theories of bonus pay but that support an important risk sharing motive.
Relationship Between Dairy Cattle Farming Motivation and Farmer’s Attitude Towards Portable Milking Machine

The research was a case study for dairy cattle farmers being the members of Sarono Makmur Cooperative at Cangkringan District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. The objectives of the research were (1) to explore dairy cattle farming motivation based on multidimensional approach, and (2) to analyze the relationship between the dimensions of dairy cattle farming motivation and the attitude of farmers towards the using of portable milking machine. 63 dairy cattle farmers, selected by purposive random sampling, participated in the research. Data were collected using survey method by interviewing the farmers based on the questionnaire already prepared. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the data. The results showed that most of farmers had high dairy cattle farming motivation including ease of farming management (95.24%), family labor utilization (93.65%), economic motives(92.06%),safety motives (92.06%), and land utilization (84.13%). As well as the attitudes, most of farmers (92.06%) had positive attitudes towards portable milking machine utilization. There were positive significant relationship between attitude and family labor utilization (P<0.05), safety in farming (P<0.05), economic motives (P<0.10), and land utilization (P<0.10). The conclusion of the research was that the high motives of family labor utilization, safety, economic, and land utilization to encourage the farmers raising dairy cattle, the high positive attitude of farmers towards the utilization of portable milking machine.
Vertical transmission of fatal Rift Valley fever in a newborn

Abstract Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a viral disease transmitted to humans by mosquito bite and contact with animals or their infected tissues. Other modes of transmission include aerosol inhalation and possibly ingestion of raw milk from infected animals. We present a 5-day-old neonate with fatal RVF. Onset of the infant's illness on the 2nd day of life combined with positive RVF-IgM and serological evidence of maternal disease supports vertical transmission.
Using the Internet to conduct surveys of health professionals: a valid alternative?

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine whether Internet-based surveys of health professionals can provide a valid alternative to traditional survey methods. METHODS (i) Systematic review of published Internet-based surveys of health professionals focusing on criteria of external validity, specifically sample representativeness and response bias. (ii) Internet-based survey of GPs, exploring attitudes about using an Internet-based decision support system for the management of familial cancer. RESULTS The systematic review identified 17 Internet-based surveys of health professionals. Whilst most studies sampled from professional e-directories, some studies drew on unknown denominator populations by placing survey questionnaires on open web sites or electronic discussion groups. Twelve studies reported response rates, which ranged from nine to 94%. Sending follow-up reminders resulted in a substantial increase in response rates. In our own survey of GPs, a total of 268 GPs participated (adjusted response rate = 52.4%) after five e-mail reminders. A further 72 GPs responded to a brief telephone survey of non-respondents. Respondents to the Internet survey were more likely to be male and had significantly greater intentions to use Internet-based decision support than non-respondents. CONCLUSIONS Internet-based surveys provide an attractive alternative to postal and telephone surveys of health professionals, but they raise important technical and methodological issues which should be carefully considered before widespread implementation. The major obstacle is external validity, and specifically how to obtain a representative sample and adequate response rate. Controlled access to a national list of NHSnet e-mail addresses of health professionals could provide a solution.
Pseudacteon tricuspis: Its Behavior and Development According to the Social form of Its Host and the Role of Interference Competition among Females

ABSTRACT We studied how the behavior and performance of Pseudacteon tricuspis Borgmeier varies with the social form of its host Solenopsis invicta Buren, in its native range in Argentina where monogyne colonies are more abundant than polygynes (≈75 vs. 25%). Female, P. tricuspis took 44% less time (50 vs. 89 s) to attack monogyne than polygyne ants, but oviposition attempts were similar (23 vs. 18 attacks). The presence of the parasitoid affected the average size of foragers on the trail, with the proportion of minor workers increasing on both social forms. In the laboratory, P. tricuspis selected similar host sizes, although pupal survival was 25% higher on monogynes than on polygynes. Developmental times of both genders were similar (33–35 d), although larger females emerged from bigger hosts. The sex ratio of P. tricuspis was more male biased when exploiting polygyne ants. Intraspecific competition significantly affected parasitoid reproductive success, being significantly higher for a solitary female than when three females were present, although the size of workers selected did not vary. The male:female ratio also changed, being 1:1 without competition but 2:1 with competition. We demonstrated for the first time the consequences of interference competition among P. tricuspis females, a common behavior observed in others parasitoids. We discuss why P. tricuspis sex ratios are always biased toward males in both social forms and suggest that similar studies of interference competition within and between already naturalized Pseudacteon species in the United States could help predict establishment patterns.
Determinan Yang Mempengaruhi Jumlah Permintaan Kredit Pemilikan Rumah di Indonesia

Bank lending to the consumption sector has increased dramatically since Indonesia was hit by the economic crisis ten years ago. This happens because many large companies go bankrupt so that the corporate sector absorbs very little credit from banks. Banks are increasingly recognizing that opportunities in the consumer market are growing, where the risks they face are relatively smaller compared to those in the investment market. Assuming that the house is a basic necessity that does not have substitutes, the possibility for a consumer who wants to own a home either in cash or credit is simply adjusting the type of home that suits the ability with different income levels by each individual. In this research, the method used is multiple linear regression. From independent variable that is economic growth, loan interest rate and residential property price index able to influence dependent variable that is mortgage credit equal to 97,9%
Applying Grounded Theory to study green supply chain management practices in Taiwan's industry

Because of prosperous social economies, along with the increase in people's income, consumers now prefer to buy new products. The electronic and electrical industry has reduced the products' lifespan, so there has been an increase in waste, which in turn affects global ecology and the environment. The industry is now becoming greener in response to global warming and the impact on the environment. It is also making global consumers more aware of the need for environmental protection. Also, in July 2006 the European Union created the RoHS, WEEE, EuP, EuE, IPP, REACH and the CE Marking etc. This project will have a great effect Taiwan's electronic and electrical industry. As a result, green electronic and electrical products have become the trend. When a factory produces " low toxicity, recyclable, and energy-saving" green products, it needs to coordinate its supply chain with all enterprises, including the supplier, the customer, and specialized sales distributions. A green supply chain management controls the green concept by coordinating the procurement and production process, in order to produce, deliver and recycle products. The purpose is to coordinate upstream and downstream marketing by increasing the efficiency of the green supply chain. But there are numerous management practices for these items. It is worth discussing the practices of Taiwan's electronic and electrical industry with regards to value of this worldwide wave of green. This research is conducted according to these methods, reviews of literature, and in-depth interviews to acquire raw data. The data is analyzed by the grounded theory. The research results show that Taiwan's electronic and electrical industry uses the worldwide green theory to support the material analysis. The findings are in accordance with the European Union's green barriers and the worldwide green issue to take green supply chain management practices for the greening of design, innovation, manufacturing, purchasing, logistics and services.
SEARNN: Training RNNs with Global-Local Losses

We propose SEARNN, a novel training algorithm for recurrent neural networks (RNNs) inspired by the "learning to search" (L2S) approach to structured prediction. RNNs have been widely successful in structured prediction applications such as machine translation or parsing, and are commonly trained using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Unfortunately, this training loss is not always an appropriate surrogate for the test error: by only maximizing the ground truth probability, it fails to exploit the wealth of information offered by structured losses. Further, it introduces discrepancies between training and predicting (such as exposure bias) that may hurt test performance. Instead, SEARNN leverages test-alike search space exploration to introduce global-local losses that are closer to the test error. We first demonstrate improved performance over MLE on two different tasks: OCR and spelling correction. Then, we propose a subsampling strategy to enable SEARNN to scale to large vocabulary sizes. This allows us to validate the benefits of our approach on a machine translation task.
Getting More from Less in Defined Benefit Plans

As global interest rates hover near historic lows, defined benefit pension plan sponsors must grapple with the prospect of lower investment returns. We examine three levers that can enhance portfolio outcomes in a low-return world: increased contributions; reduced investment costs; and increased portfolio risk. We use portfolio simulations based on a stochastic asset class forecasting model to evaluate each lever according to two criteria: the magnitude of impact and the certainty that this impact will be realized. We show that increased contributions have the greatest and most certain impact. Reduced costs have a more modest, but equally certain impact. Increased risk can deliver a significant impact, but with the least certainty.
Power-Efficient and Secure WPCNs With Hardware Impairments and Non-Linear EH Circuit

In this paper, we design a robust resource allocation algorithm for a wireless-powered communication network (WPCN) taking into account residual hardware impairments (HWIs) at the transceivers, the imperfectness of the channel state information, and the non-linearity of practical radio frequency energy harvesting circuits. In order to ensure power-efficient secure communication, physical layer security techniques are exploited to deliberately degrade the channel quality of a multiple-antenna eavesdropper. The resource allocation algorithm design is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem for minimization of the total power consumption in the network, while guaranteeing the quality of service of the information receivers in terms of secrecy rate. The globally optimal solution of the optimization problem is obtained via a 2-D search and semidefinite programming relaxation. To strike a balance between computational complexity and system performance, a low-complexity iterative suboptimal resource allocation algorithm is also proposed. Numerical results demonstrate that both the proposed optimal and suboptimal schemes can significantly reduce the total system power consumption required for guaranteeing secure communication, and unveil the impact of HWIs on the system performance: 1) residual HWIs create a system performance bottleneck in WPCN in the high transmit/receive power regimes; 2) increasing the number of transmit antennas can effectively reduce the power consumption of wireless power transfer and alleviate the performance degradation due to residual HWIs; and 3) imperfect CSI exacerbates the impact of residual HWIs, which increases the power consumption of both wireless power and wireless information transfer.
Entry-Proofness and Market Breakdown under Adverse Selection

This paper develops a unified approach to entry-proofness in adversely selected markets. We first provide a necessary and sufficient condition for entry on an inactive market to be unprofitable. For active markets, we characterize the unique budgetbalanced market tariff preventing entry by a seller offering complementary trades. These results yield sharp predictions for competitive outcomes of nonexclusive markets, which we use to construct a new test for evidence of private information in insurance.
CUSTOMER’S AWARENESS TOWARDS THE ISLAMIC BANKING SYSTEM Case Study on Selected Banking in Duhok City- Kurdistan Region

Islamic banking system (IBS) is one of these sectors that affect the economy and it works with free interest rate. This study investigates the level of customer’s awareness toward IBS. The study was conducted on the two Islamic Banks only in Duhok cityKurdistan Region. The data were collected using structured questionnaire and the sampling was random. Descriptive statistics and Statistical Package Social Science (SPSS V.20) were used to analyze the participants’ responses. The results indicated that customers of Cihan Islamic bank Duhok and Kurdistan International Bank for Investment and Development are not fully aware of Islamic banking system. Therefore, the study suggests that for Islamic banks to remain active and competitive they need to develop quality-service level in order to supersede the conventional banking standards, invest in new products and services and also develop an effective communication plan by advertising and marketing in order to achieve Islamic customer needs and demands.