Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Personality Retesting on Validity Coefficients as Moderated by Situational Strength

The use of valid selection tests enables organizations to better select employees who have the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics that are necessary for success. While cognitive ability tests are one of the best predictors of performance, they have well-known limitations. Specifically, they can result in adverse impact, and there is clear evidence of retest effects. The use of personality tests, when included in a selection battery, can ameliorate adverse impact and can provide incremental validity. Personality tests, however, also have limitations. Namely, they can be faked, the construct can be measured in various ways (i.e., there are myriad constructs, many of which can be measured at a trait level and a facet level), and there are numerous moderators of the personality–performance relationship. This lab study investigated the facet-level conscientiousness–performance relationship, explored evidence regarding practice effects in personality tests, examined whether situational strength moderated the personality–performance relationship, and looked at the form of the relationship between personality and performance. A unique contribution of this study is that performance was operationalized by using an in-basket that assessed four different dimensions of performance. In general, the hypotheses were not supported, underscoring the need for future research.
Exit Strategies of Buyout Investments: An Empirical Analysis

Although buyout investments represent a considerable proportion of private equity volume, so far little research has been done on the exit strategies of buyout investments. This article takes a step in this direction by investigating buyouts in more detail focusing particularly on the divestment process. Since exiting enables the realization of returns and is thus the most important factor for private equity investors, it is important to understand the motivation behind and the determinants influencing this decision. The authors analyze three main exit routes for exiting buyout investments: initial public offerings (IPO), sales and write-offs, using a unique data set for U.S. and European buyout transactions. They examine the determinants influencing the choice of an exit channel by employing a multinomial logit model. The results strongly support the view that private equity investors write-off investments that turn out to be non-performing early, showing their ability to filter out bad investments. They also analyze how the internal rate of return (IRR) influences which exit route is chosen. The results show that only the most profitable ventures are taken public. The results have implications for exiting buyout investments during financial crises.
The Facilitative Role of the Interaction Hypothesis: Using Interactional Modification Techniques in the English Communicative Classroom

English language teachers are expected to implement lessons directed by the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) into today’s classrooms. In this regard, it is pivotal to know about the theoretical framework of this key language teaching approach. The framework is partly made up of one of the most crucial Second Language Acquisition (SLA) hypotheses called the Interaction Hypothesis (IH). The IH claims that second language development is better facilitated when learners participate in negotiated interaction. From a CLT perspective, a second language is acquired more effectively through interaction and communication. When language teachers attempt to design and deliver classroom instruction grounded in CLT, it is imperative to be familiar with the essential notions behind the IH and its facilitative role in SLA. Therefore, this paper provides key information on the hypothesis at hand by analyzing its early version and updated version. In addition, Krashen’s comprehensible input and Hatch’s role of interaction and conversation on L2 learning are highlighted, because the IH evolved from these two scholars’ seminal works. This paper also deals with three key interactional modification techniques - comprehension checks, confirmation checks, and clarification requests – promoted by the IH. With the intent of facilitating language learning, the design and deliver of communicative-oriented lessons should have a central role in the classroom. However, lessons are more likely to be effective when teachers take the theory of the IH into practice by allowing learners to engage in negotiation of meaning through the use of the aforementioned interactional modifications.
Using Expectancy Value Theory to Account for Individuals’ Mathematical Justifications

Abstract In mathematics education, researchers commonly infer students’ standards of conviction from the justifications that they produce. Specifically, if students justify a mathematical statement with an empirical justification, researchers often infer that example-based justifications provide the students with certainty that a general mathematical statement is true. In this article, we present a theoretical framework for interpreting individuals’ proof-related behavior that challenges the aforementioned interpretations. Adapting constructs from expectancy value theory, we argue that whether an individual will seek a deductive proof or settle for an empirical justification depends on several factors, including the value they place on knowing the veracity of the mathematical statement being considered, the cost in terms of time and effort in searching for a proof, and their perceived likelihood of success of being able to find a proof. We demonstrate that mathematicians consider value, cost, and effort in deciding what statements they will try to prove, so it would not be irrational or unmathematical for students to make the same considerations. We illustrate the explanatory power of our framework by studying the justification behavior of 11 preservice and in-service secondary mathematics teachers in a problem-solving course. Although these individuals frequently justified mathematical statements empirically, these individuals were aware of the limitations of empirical justifications and they usually did not obtain certainty from these justifications. The notions of value, cost, and likelihood of success could explain why they settled for empirical justifications and ceased seeking proofs.
Knowledge, Product Choices and Waste Disposal Techniques Regarding Menstruation among Girl Students of Amritsar City

In low and middle income countries, girls/women still have to face many problems regarding menstruation. Misconceptions and false religious beliefs further make it difficult for them during periods. The present study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge of menstruation and menstrual hygiene management among girls of Amritsar city. We also evaluate their menstrual product choices and waste disposal methods. A self-designed questionnaire was prepared to assess the knowledge and perceptions of the girls about menstruation. The questionnaire contains 18 questions related to menstruation, personal hygiene, menstrual product choices, disposal methods and menstrual taboos. The questionnaire was filled by 102 high school and graduate students and a written consent was taken from them. From the above study, it was found that most of the girl students are aware of the menstruation, menstrual hygiene and personal hygiene and about urinary and reproductive tract infections during menstruation. The study also shows that girl students feel shy or embarrassed while purchasing menstrual products. Most of them don’t feel comfortable and confident during this period. They mostly prefer to use commercial sanitary pads rather than cloth or cotton. Most of them are graduates and residing in the urban areas of the city. There are less restrictions on them and are supported by the family regarding menstrual needs.
Internalised Ageism and Self-Exclusion: Does Feeling Old and Health Pessimism Make Individuals Want to Retire Early?

An important current policy goal in many Western countries is for individuals to extend their working lives. Ageism has been identified as a possible threat to achieving this; furthermore, the ways in which ageism may affect this policy goal may have been underestimated. It has been claimed previously that ageism can be seen as discrimination against one’s future self and that a lifetime of internalising age stereotypes makes older people themselves believe the age stereotypes. The current article uses the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing to assess the degree to which internalised ageism is related to one’s preferred retirement age. For internalised ageism, assessments are made about the degree to which individuals consider themselves to be old; they agree that their age prevents them from undertaking activities; they are pessimistic about their own future health and that being old comes with deteriorating health more generally. Results show that health pessimism especially affects one’s preferred retirement age negatively, even when controlling for current health and other factors, and mainly for middle-educated women. Implications are discussed.
A Comparative Exploration of the Motivational Factors of Faith-Based and Secular NGOs and Their Actors in Cambodia

ABSTRACT Secular and faith-based NGOs are significant non-state service providers in the developing world, yet limited research has been conducted comparing their motivational factors. This paper considers the motivations driving the work of Christian faith-based organisations (FBOs) and secular NGOs working with women and children in Cambodia. The qualitative research design included 41 interviews, with respondents from thirteen FBOs and twelve secular NGOs. The paper makes two substantive arguments. First, faith-related motivations were expressions of the ways in which religious faith infused FBOs in the study. Second, the development context in which the organisations worked led to a clear distinction between FBOs and secular NGOs. The paper makes a theoretical contribution about the importance of considering the convergence of both the development context and the infusion of faith in FBOs when examining similarities and differences between these two types of organisations.
Molecular Imaging of Opioid and Dopamine Systems: Insights Into the Pharmacogenetics of Opioid Use Disorders

Opioid use in the United States has steadily risen since the 1990s, along with staggering increases in addiction and overdose fatalities. With this surge in prescription and illicit opioid abuse, it is paramount to understand the genetic risk factors and neuropsychological effects of opioid use disorder (OUD). Polymorphisms disrupting the opioid and dopamine systems have been associated with increased risk for developing substance use disorders. Molecular imaging studies have revealed how these polymorphisms impact the brain and contribute to cognitive and behavioral differences across individuals. Here, we review the current molecular imaging literature to assess how genetic variations in the opioid and dopamine systems affect function in the brain’s reward, cognition, and stress pathways, potentially resulting in vulnerabilities to OUD. Continued research of the functional consequences of genetic variants and corresponding alterations in neural mechanisms will inform prevention and treatment of OUD.
Real time depth of anaesthesia monitoring through electroencephalogram (EEG) signal analysis based on Bayesian method and analytical technique

The electroencephalogram (EEG) signal from the brain is used for analysing brain abnormality, diseases, and monitoring patient conditions during surgery. One of the applications of the EEG signals analysis is real-time anaesthesia monitoring, as the anaesthetic drugs normally targeted the central nervous system. Depth of anaesthesia has been clinically assessed through breathing pattern, heart rate, arterial blood pressure, pupil dilation, sweating and the presence of movement. Those assessments are useful but are an indirect-measurement of anaesthetic drug effects. A direct method of assessment is through EEG signals because most anaesthetic drugs affect neuronal activity and cause a changed pattern in EEG signals. The aim of this research is to improve real-time anaesthesia assessment through EEG signal analysis which includes the filtering process, EEG features extraction and signal analysis for depth of anaesthesia assessment. The first phase of the research is EEG signal acquisition. When EEG signal is recorded, noises are also recorded along with the brain waves. Therefore, the filtering is necessary for EEG signal analysis. The filtering method introduced in this dissertation is Bayesian adaptive least mean square (LMS) filter which applies the Bayesian based method to find the best filter weight step for filter adaptation. The results show that the filtering technique is able to remove the unwanted signals from the EEG signals. This dissertation proposed three methods for EEG signal features extraction and analysing. The first is the strong analytical signal analysis which is based on the Hilbert transform for EEG signal features' extraction and analysis. The second is to extract EEG signal features using the Bayesian spike accumulation technique. The third is to apply the robust Bayesian Student-t distribution for real-time anaesthesia assessment. Computational results from the three methods are analysed and compared with the recorded BIS index which is the most popular and widely accepted depth of anaesthesia monitor. The outcomes show that computation times from the three methods are leading the BIS index approximately 18-120 seconds. Furthermore, the responses to anaesthetic drugs are verified with the anaesthetist's documentation and then compared with the BIS index to evaluate the performance. The results indicate that the three methods are able to extract EEG signal features efficiently, improve computation time, and respond faster to anaesthetic drugs compared to the existing BIS index.
Is smart mobility also gender-smart?

ABSTRACT In the world of shared economy, the mobility sector is one of the fastest-growing segments and includes app-based services to use shared cars, bikes, parking, shuttles and more. Its sudden growth is due to the popularity of smart-phones and companies that provide mobility on demand. Reportedly, it has changed the way people move. But how well do we know its impact on gender equality in mobility? This paper discusses the results of an exploratory review of the existing research on shared mobility that reveals that most of the research is focused towards assessing its impacts on transit ridership, congestion, environmental factors, car-ownership and modal shift. Very little attention is paid on how it impacts access, safety, ease or comfort of mobility for females, whose travelling needs are strikingly different than those of men. There are views, speculations and even expert opinions on the potential impacts; however, currently available information clearly shows that these services are used mainly by men implying that they are only widening the gender gap in our cities. Detailed empirical studies in developing and developed countries can establish the reasons for this gendered pattern, so that they can be resolved to create gender parity in urban mobility.
Validation of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale across the anxiety disorders.

The psychometric adequacy of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS; R. P. Mattick & J. C. Clark, 1989), a measure of social interaction anxiety, and the Social Phobia Scale (SPS; R. P. Mattick & J. C. Clarke, 1989), a measure of anxiety while being observed by others, was evaluated in anxious patients and normal controls. Social phobia patients scored higher on both scales and were more likely to be identified as having social phobia than other anxious patients (except for agoraphobic patients on the SPS) or controls. Clinician-rated severity of social phobia was moderately related to SIAS and SPS scores. Additional diagnoses of mood or panic disorder did not affect SIAS or SPS scores among social phobia patients, but an additional diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder was associated with higher SIAS scores. Number of reported feared social interaction situations was more highly correlated with scores on the SIAS, whereas number of reported feared performance situations was more highly correlated with scores on the SPS. These scales appear to be useful in screening, designing individualized treatments, and evaluating the outcomes of treatments for social phobia.
Applying the “10,000-hour rule” to English language learning: Or, why informal learning is essential for achieving language proficiency

Adult learners of English as an Additional Language (EAL) in Canada do not receive sufficient instruction through classes alone to achieve distinguished levels of proficiency or develop high levels of expertise. This article will explore what is meant by proficiency and look at language learning in terms of the model that has commonly become known as “the 10,000 hour rule” of expertise. This paper attempts to answer the question, what would it take for an EAL learner in Canada to achieve the 10,000 hours necessary to achieve high levels of expertise in language proficiency? Three adult EAL programs in Winnipeg are considered for the number of instructional hours that they offer, and how informal learning is necessary to supplement classroom instruction in order to achieve 10,000 hours of dedicated practice necessary to develop expertise. Recommendations are offered to help educators and learners understand the important role of self-regulated, informal learning in achieving language proficiency.
THE ROLE OF MOBILE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES IN DISTANCE EDUCATION

Rapid population growth and the inadequacy of classical learning-teaching activities and methods, which lived in the world in the late twentieth century and are still continuing, led to new searches in the field of education. As a result of these searches, information and communication technologies such as radio, television, video, computer, internet started to be used in the field of education. One of these technologies is 'mobile learning (m-learning) technologies'. Nowadays, with the increase of mobile devices, memory and power capacities, wireless internet, GPRS, bluetooth and 3G, the 'mobile learning' method has become increasingly successful.Mobile learning tools are mobile technologies such as mobile phones, handheld computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable audio recorders. With today's mobile technologies becoming highly accessible, the opportunity for access to information has arisen independently of time and space. Thus, 'distance learning' activities have started to be carried out by using 'mobile learning technologies'. In this study, by giving brief information about 'mobile learning technologies' in the world and Turkey, 'mobile learning concept', 'mobile devices used in education', 'use of mobile learning technologies in distance education' and 'advantages and disadvantages of mobile learning technologies' will be emphasized. The aim of the study is to contribute to ongoing debate and to clarify the extent to which mobile learning technologies are effective in 'distance education' activities.
Lexicon geupdated: New German anglicisms in a social media corpus

Abstract The German verbal lexicon has been enriched by numerous English borrowings, particularly within the past 100 years, but while many verbal anglicisms are frequently used and sanctioned by language authorities, the status of new, non-standard, and rare verbal anglicisms in German has not been subject to extensive research attention. In this study, a new method is used to analyze non-standard German verbal anglicisms in a large and novel corpus compiled from the social media platform Twitter. After a review of previous work, the methods used to create a corpus of German-language tweets and to automatically extract new verbal anglicisms are described, and the semantics of some of their most frequent types are analyzed, including forms with separable and inseparable prefixes. Then, present and past participles are considered according to assimilation to standard German orthography, use as participle or attributive adjective, and stem vowel quality. In the final set of results, the focus is on the productivity of the verbalizing morpheme -ier-, a historically important element for the integration of foreign word material into German. The study demonstrates that non-standard verbal anglicisms are widely used, and that their morphological behavior is mediated by frequency effects as well as phonological, pragmatic, and semantic considerations.
Do “Dogs of the World” Bark or Bite? Evidence from Single-Country ETFs

Return reversals in financial markets are commonly accepted as a powerful force. This article examines the performance of a simple strategy—“Dogs of the World”—designed to take advantage of return reversals in national equity markets. Both a simulated application of the strategy using indexes since 1971 and an application using single-country ETFs since 1997 produce higher compounded average returns than those of a comparable market index. Although the Dogs strategy also produces higher volatility than the index, the information ratio for the strategy suggests that the return more than compensates. Implementation of this strategy using single-country ETFs offers the advantages of being straightforward and inexpensive.