Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contractual Savings or Stock Market Development Which Leads?

This paper argues that contractual savings (assets of pension funds and life insurance companies) contribute to stock market development. And it provides international time-series evidence supporting a causal relationship between contractual savings and stock market development in many countries, particularly in those where capital markets were initially not deeply developed. Catalan, Impavido, and Musalem study the relationship between the development of contractual savings (assets of pension funds and life insurance companies) and non-life insurance and the development of stock markets (market capitalization and value traded). Their contribution lies in providing time-series evidence on a hypothesis that is very popular-but had not been substantiated-among supporters of fully funded pension systems in which funds invest large shares of their portfolios in tradable securities (equities, bonds). The literature is not clear on its assumption regarding causality between contractual savings and capital market development. A one-way or two-way relationship is assumed, usually interchangeably; the authors address the question of which leads empirically. They present the evidence, including descriptive statistics and the results of Granger causality tests, for OECD countries and such countries as Chile, Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, and Thailand. They do not present a theoretical framework but do explain how the growth of the contractual savings sector is thought to promote financial development. The authors find evidence in the data that causality between institutions and markets either does not exist or, if it exists, runs predominantly from institutions to markets. To a lesser extent, there is simultaneous causality between institutions and markets. Furthermore, there is limited evidence that causality runs only from markets to institutions (the only exception seems to be for non-life insurance in developing countries). Results seem to support the idea that the development of institutional investors is likely to promote the growth of market capitalization more than that of value traded. In developing countries, there seems to be no causality from pension funds to growth in value traded, while there is causality from life and non-life insurance. This paper - a product of the Financial Sector Development Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to study the effects of contractual savings on financial markets. The authors may be contacted at mcatalan@ucla.edu, gimpavido@worldbank.org, or amusalem@worldbank.org.
Evaluation of Electronic Prescribing Decision Support System at a Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital: The User Acceptance Perspective

This study aims to evaluate pediatrician's acceptance, perception and use of Electronic Prescribing Decision Support Systems (EPDSS) at a tertiary care using Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM2). Qualitative research methodology was applied. Semi-structured questions were developed according to TAM2 model. Pediatricians perceived that the EPDSS is useful and they showed a favorable attitude. However, perceived ease of use and output quality appeared to affect use of EPDSS. Concerns were expressed about complicated screens, difficulty to read and view medication overview of the patient, the navigation requires many clicks and medication system don't meet their need. End users have difficulty of ordering drugs for ploy-clinical patients and they were unable to cancel or stop medications. Junior pediatricians were influenced by senior colleague since they can get better advice about medication order than the system. Applying TAM2 framework has revealed that pediatrician's attitude and acceptance of electronic prescribing system. This study has identified factors that are important for end user acceptance as well as suggestions for system improvement. Although pediatricians are positive to the usefulness of EPDSS, it appears there are some acceptance problems due to ease of use concern and usability issues of the system.
analysing the relationship between family planning workers’ contact and contraceptive switching in rural bangladesh using multilevel modelling

with a population of over 131 million and a fertility rate of 29·9 per 1000, population growth constitutes a primary threat to continued economic growth and development in bangladesh. one strategy that has been used to cease further increases in fertility in bangladesh involves using family planning outreach workers who travel throughout rural and urban areas educating women regarding contraceptive alternatives. this study uses a longitudinal database to assess the impact of family planning outreach workers’ contact upon contraceptive switching and upon the risk of an unintended pregnancy. using longitudinal data on contraceptive use from the operations research project (orp) of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research (icddr,b) in bangladesh, multiple decrement life table analysis and multilevel, discrete-time competing risk hazards models were used to estimate the cumulative probabilities of switching to an alternative form of contraceptive use after a woman engaged in a discussion with an outreach worker. after controlling for the effects of socio-demographic and economic characteristics, the analysis revealed that family planning outreach workers’ contact with women significantly decreases the risk of transitioning to the non-use of contraceptives. this contact also reduces the risk of an unintended pregnancy. family planning workers’ contact with women is associated with the increased risk of a woman switching from one modern method to another modern method. the study results indicate that side-effects and other method-related reasons are the two primary reasons for contraceptive discontinuation in rural bangladesh.
Asymmetric Information About Collateral Values

I empirically analyze credit market outcomes when competing lenders are differentially informed about the expected return from making a loan. I study the residential mortgage market, where property developers often cooperate with vertically integrated mortgage lenders to offer financing to buyers of new homes. I show that these integrated lenders have superior information about the construction quality of individual homes and exploit this information to lend against higher quality collateral, decreasing foreclosures by up to 40%. To compensate for this adverse selection on collateral quality, nonintegrated lenders charge higher interest rates when competing against a better-informed integrated lender.
SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE FOR STUDYING CAREER IN DEVELOPING SOCIETY: INTEGRATIVE THEORETICAL APPROACH

Sociological research in career has been limited in contemporary social science. However sociological career analysis may have crucial importance for understanding social structure and mobility processes in modern society. Critical analysis of the two leading directions in contemporary sociological research in career (? career fields? and ? career mobility? ) is presented which is followed by elaboration of integrative theoretical approach aiming to increase the "added value" of the concept of career for sociology and especially for social mobility studies in developing countries. This approach combines theoretical focus on dichotomy ? meritocracy - traditionalism? (typical for ? career mobility? studies and highly relevant to research in developing countries) with methodological orientation on studying ? career fields? on organizational level. Basing on these theoretical ideas we put forward brief research agenda and formulate hypotheses for future empirical research.
The chemical constituents of Ligularia pleurocaulis.

AIM To study the chemical constituents of the underground part of Ligularia pleurocaulis (Franch.) Hand-Mazz. METHODS The dried roots and rhizomes of L. pleurocaulis were extracted with methanol. Isolation and purification were performed by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization etc. Structures of the pure compounds were established on basis of spectral analysis. RESULTS Twelve compounds were obtained from L. pleurocaulis, they were 6-angeloyloxy-furanoligularenone (1), 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-eremophila-1(10),3,7(11),8-tetraen-8,12-olide (2), tiglic acid (3), oleanolic acid (4), lupeol (5), beta-sitosterol (6), daucosterol (7), caffeic acid (8), emodin (9), 7-methoxy-coumarin (10), ferulic acid (11) and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde (12). CONCLUSION Compound 1 is a new eremophilane and compound 2 is a new natural compound. All above compounds were obtained for the first time from L. pleurocaulis.
IZVORNI ZNANSTVENI RAD ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER UDC/UDK 337:640.412>(497.5) JEL classification: I20L83

SAZETAK: Rad se bavi obrazovanjem i razvojem u hotelskom sektoru, s obzirom da uspjeh tog sektora u velikoj mjeri ovisi o kvaliteti obrazovanja I razvoja onih koji u njemu pmzaju uslugc. U teorijskom dijelu obrazlaze se vainost odnosno pozitivan utjecaj obrazovanja i razvoja na unapijedenje kvalitete usiuga u holelskoj industriji. U empirijskom dijelu istrazuje se problematika obrazovanja i razvoja u hotel.skoj industdji u Hrvatskoj. Istrazivanje je pokazalo da hotelska poduzeéa u Hrvatskoj joS ne prepoznaju vaznost obrazovanja i razvoja za njihov dugoroCan razvoj i dugoroCan razvoj njihovih zaposlenika. Konkretno, istrazivanje je pokazalo da ona u obrazovanje i razvoj svojih zaposlenika ulazu manje od prosjeinog hrvatskog poduzeéa. iako kao radno-inlenzivne usiuzne kompanije iz strategijski va^nog sektora za hrvatsku ekonomiju imaju u pravilu veée potrebe za struCnim zaposlenicima.
Sympathetic innervation of the supratentorial dura mater of the rat

The origin, density, and distribution of sympathetic nerve fibers in the supratentorial dura mater of the rat were examined in detail in the current study by using wheat germ agglutinin horseradish peroxidase (WGA‐HRP) retrograde tracing procedures, glyoxylic acid‐induced fluorescence, and dopamine beta‐hydroxylase (DBH) immunocytochemical staining of dural whole mount preparations. Application of WGA‐HRP to the superior sagittal sinus and adjacent areas of the supratentorial dura mater labeled numerous neurons in each of the left and right superior cervical ganglia. Glyoxylic acid and DBH immunocytochemical staining of fixed dural whole mount preparations revealed prominent plexuses of sympathetic nerves about the middle meningeal artery and its branches, about the superior sagittal and transverse sinuses, and „free”︁ within the dura mater, i.e., apparently unassociated with any vasculature. Significantly, in all of these areas, the density of sympathetic innervation revealed in this study was considerably greater than that previously demonstrated by other workers. An impressive population of mast cells also was observed within the dura mater of the glyoxylic acid‐treated preparations. The majority of these cells were perivascular; however, a significant number were also present within the dura unrelated to the vasculature, and occasional cells were seen in close apposition to fluorescent sympathetic nerve fibers. Taken together, the identification of a robust sympathetic plexus and prominent mast cell population associated with a dura mater that also receives significant sensory projections from the trigeminal system raises interest regarding the functional interactions of these elements. These observations warrant further consideration regarding their role in the pathogenesis of vascular headache and head pain.
Doctors' Holding Power in Practice: Section 5(2) of the Mental Health Act 1983

Section 5(2) of the Mental Health Act 1983 (England and Wales) is a commonly used short term power of detention often implemented by junior medical staff, which has no statutory right of appeal. There is little published analysis of its use in clinical practice. A detailed case note study of its use in a psychiatric service with a large catchment area is presented. Fifty-seven per cent of the patients detained under s.5(2) were female. Affective psychosis was over-represented in detained females, while schizophrenia and paranoid states were over-represented in males. Eight per cent of s.5(2) detentions were initiated via the nurses' holding power, s.5(4). None of these patients were subsequently regraded to s.2 or 3, which may be accounted for by the finding that personality disorder and alcohol dependence were more commonly diagnosed in this subgroup. Of s.5(2) detainees, none of those with a non-psychotic disorder were regraded to s.2 or 3. Three patients had not accepted in-patient admission prior to implementation of s.5(2). Moreover, 38 per cent of all s.5(2) detentions took place within 24 hours of admission. Patients with a psychotic disorder were more likely to be detained within 24 hours of admission. Doubts regarding the validity of consent to voluntary admission in these patients are raised.
Evaluating the Efficacy of a Self-classification Measure of Recreation Specialization in the Context of Ultimate Frisbee

ExECUtivE SUMMaR y: Recreation and land managers have not had a simple method of segmenting participants within the same activity. Research on recreational specialization may be particularly useful to this end given its emphasis on investigating diversity among recreationists involved in the same activity. Whereas previous studies viewed specialization as a process of progression through stages, this study emphasizes how specialization can be conceived in terms of distinct styles of participation. Styles of participation are a combination of attitudes, behaviors, and interests that characterize people’s involvement in leisure activities. Building on the work of Scott, Ditton, Stoll, and Eubanks (2005), we propose there are three generic styles of participation that exist along the specialization continuum: Casual, Active, and Serious. These styles can be measured in the form of a self-classification tool that has activity participants choose a style which best reflects their experiences. We created a self-classification measure to study Ultimate Frisbee players who live in the Southwestern United States. The self-classification tool was compared with traditional recreation specialization classification measures and proved to be a simple, easy to use alternative for segmenting same-activity participants. Results showed that the self-classification measure did a very good job of predicting Ultimate Frisbee players’ motivations when compared with an additive index and cluster analysis classification. These results suggest that the self-classification measure can be a worthwhile tool to recreation and land managers for understanding style of participation and intensity of involvement among participants. It may be particularly useful for tournament organizers as a technique for placing participants in specific events or divisions.
Modeling of Steady State Creep in Thick-Walled Cylinders under Internal Pressure

Abstract—The present study focused on carrying out the creep analysis in an isotropic thick-walled composite cylindrical pressure vessel composed of aluminum matrix reinforced with silicon-carbide in particulate form. The creep behavior of the composite material has been described by the threshold stress based creep law. The values of stress exponent appearing in the creep law were selected as 3, 5 and 8. The constitutive equations were developed using well known vonMises yield criteria. Models were developed to find out the distributions of creep stress and strain rate in thick-walled composite cylindrical pressure vessels under internal pressure. In order to obtain the stress distributions in the cylinder, the equilibrium equation of the continuum mechanics and the constitutive equations are solved together. It was observed that the radial stress, tangential stress and axial stress increases along with the radial distance. The cross-over was also obtained almost at the middle region of cylindrical vessel for tangential and axial stress for different values of stress exponent. The strain rates were also decreasing in nature along the entire radius.
The relationship between children's and parents' heights in the age-range 0-6 years.

SummaryThe correlation coefficients at each year of age 0·0 to 0·6 between children's and parents' heights are reported for 500 children followed longitudinally in Brno. Mothers' heights were measured; fathers' partially only reported. At birth the correlation is only significant with mother's height, but at 2·0 to 6·0 years no significant differences occur between sons and daughters and fathers and mothers correlations. Regression of children's height on midparent height is given, with residual standard deviations.
Rapid Control of Wound Infections by Targeted Photodynamic Therapy Monitored by In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging ¶

The worldwide rise in antibiotic resistance necessitates the development of novel antimicrobial strategies. In this study we report on the first use of a photochemical approach to destroy bacteria infecting a wound in an animal model. Following topical application, a targeted polycationic photosensitizer conjugate between poly‐l‐lysine and chlorine6 penetrated the Gram (−) outer bacterial membrane, and subsequent activation with 660 nm laser light rapidly killed Escherichia coli infecting excisional wounds in mice. To facilitate real‐time monitoring of infection, we used bacteria that expressed the lux operon from Photorhabdus luminescens; these cells emitted a bioluminescent signal that allowed the infection to be rapidly quantified, using a low‐light imaging system. There was a light‐dose dependent loss of luminescence in the wound treated with conjugate and light, not seen in untreated wounds. Treated wounds healed as well as control wounds, showing that the photodynamic treatment did not damage the host tissue. Our study points to the possible use of this methodology in the rapid control of wounds and other localized infections.
The association between metabolic syndrome and restrictive ventilatory dysfunction in older persons.

BACKGROUND The restrictive, but not the obstructive respiratory dysfunction, is associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our aim was to verify in an elderly nondiabetic population whether a restrictive respiratory pattern was associated with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and increased insulin resistance than were obstructive and normal respiratory patterns. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 159 consecutive nondiabetic elderly persons attending two social centers. According to their spirometric pattern, volunteers were classified into the following categories: normal spirometry, obstructive (forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity<0.70), and restrictive pattern (forced vital capacity<80% predicted, forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity>or=0.70). Independent correlates of the metabolic syndrome were identified. RESULTS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in restrictive (56%) than in both normal (21.4%, p=.001) and obstructive volunteers (12.9%, p=.001). Insulin resistance, as assessed by the log transformation of the HOmeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA), was higher in restrictive than in obstructive and normal volunteers (1+/-0.6 vs 0.3+/-0.6 and 0.5+/-0.5, p<.001). Restriction was an independent correlate of metabolic syndrome, also after adjustment for waist circumference and body mass index (odds ratio=3.23, 95% confidence interval, 1.23-8.48; p=.01). CONCLUSION Restrictive, but not obstructive respiratory pattern, is associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, and does not only reflect a limitation of ventilation due to visceral obesity. Metabolic abnormalities likely mediate cardiovascular risk in patients with restrictive respiratory impairment.
Sulfur mustard causes oxidative stress and depletion of antioxidants in muscles, livers, and kidneys of Wistar rats

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent with cytotoxic effect and a tight link to oxidative stress (OS). Depletion of antioxidants is considered as a cause of detrimental consequence and belongs to the important steps leading to cell death. The oxidative injury appearing after SM exposure is not well understood. Nevertheless, identification of the pathological processes would be a good opportunity to establish an efficient therapy. Here, we focused our effort on an estimation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis and apoptotic processes in Wistar rats exposed to 0–160 mg/kg of SM. We assayed antioxidant activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione, metallothionein, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, caspase 3, and glucose in the livers, kidneys, and muscles of the animals. Significant OS, depletion of low-molecular-mass antioxidants, increase in caspase activity, and some other processes related to SM action were determined. Moreover, we infer a principal role of OS in the tested organs.
An orthotopic heart transplant recipient with subacute meningitis.

The patient underwent orthotopic heart transplantation at the UCLA Medical Center in March 1989, and 1 month postoperatively he was transferred to another hospital for follow-up care. During the subsequent 9 months, the patient experienced four episodes of cardiac rejection. The most recent episode occurred 10 days before admission to UCLA Medical Center, and he was treated with methylprednisolone, prednisone, and muromonab-CD3. Despite this treatment, the patient's cardiac function as assessed by echocardiography remained depressed. The patient's wife stated that the patient developed severe headaches accompanied by increasing confusion during the 2 weeks before his current admission. He did not have a his-
Coherent Compound Motion: Corners and Nonrigid Configurations

Consider two wire gratings, superimposed and moving across each other. Under certain conditions the two gratings will cohere into a single, compound pattern, which will appear to be moving in another direction. Such coherent motion patterns have been studied for sinusoidal component gratings, and give rise to percepts of rigid, planar motions. In this paper we show how to construct coherent motion displays that give rise to nonuniform, nonrigid, and nonplanar percepts. Most significantly, they also can define percepts with corners. Since these patterns are more consistent with the structure of natural scenes than rigid sinusoidal gratings, they stand as interesting stimuli for both computational and physiological studies. To illustrate, our display with sharp corners (tangent discontinuities or singularities) separating regions of coherent motion suggests that smoothing does not cross tangent discontinuities, a point that argues against existing (regularization) algorithms for computing motion. This leads us to consider how singularities can be confronted directly within optical flow computations, and we conclude with two hypotheses: (1) that singularities are represented within the motion system as multiple directions at the same retinotopic location; and (2) for component gratings to cohere, they must be at the same depth from the viewer. Both hypotheses have implications for the neural computation of coherent motion.
Letter: Comments on the validity of the use of lead nitrate for the cytochemical study of adenylate cyclase.

chemistry and Physiology of Plant Growth Substances. Edited by F Wightman, G Setterfield. The Runge Press Ltd., Ottawa, Canada, 1968 p 231 17. Tipton KF: The purification of pig brain mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. Eur J Biochem 4:103, 1968 18. Yamasaki EF, Swindell R, Reed DJ: Some aspects of catalysis by the amine oxidase of pea seedlings. Biochemistry 9: 1206, 1970 19. Yoo BY, Oreland L, Persson A: Effects of formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde fixation on the monoamine oxidase activity in isolated rat liver mitochondria. J Histochem Cytochem 22:445, 1974 B. Y. Yoo L. ORELAND Department of Biology (B.Y.Y.) University of New Brunsuick Fredericton, New Brunsuick Canada Department of Pharmacology (L.O.) University of Ume S-901 87 Ume& Sueden