Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Salt Tolerance of Sorghum bicolor Cultivars during Germination and Seedling Growth

Sorghum is rated as moderately salt tolerant and can produce profitable crops on saline soils. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity on the germination and emergence of sorghum cultivars, and to investigate the potential for genetic salt tolerance during the germination and early vegetative growth. Seeds of 13 sorghum cultivars were germinated using U.S.S. lab staff saline solution at 5 different salt concentrations for 10 days. Germination percentage, root and shoot length, seedling dry weight, root/shoot dry weight ratio, and total dry weight salt susceptibility index were investigated in this study. The germination results revealed that the increasing salt concentrations decreased germination and seedling growth in all the cultivars. The extent of decrease varied with cultivars and salt concentrations. All cultivars germinated in all salinities but at 10 and 12 EC level of salinity, the highest and lowest germination percentage was obtained for CSV-15 and PANT1cultivars respectively. It is found that salt stress significantly decreased root length, shoot length, and seedling dry weight of sorghum cultivars. In the presence of high salt concentration (10 and 12 EC), CSV-15 and HC-171 cultivars showed the greatest shoot length, root length, and total dry weight. At the first development stage, the shoot growth of sorghum cultivar was more adversely affected compared to the root growth by salt stress. Statistical analysis showed substantial intra-specific variation in salinity tolerance. On the basis of germination percentage, total dry weight reduction, root and shoot length reduction, and salt susceptibility indices at 7.2, 10, and 12 EC levels of salinity only three sorghum cultivars (CSV-15, HD-19, and HC-171) out of thirteen were classified as salt tolerant. On the other hand sensitivity against salinity was observed in PANT-1, PANT-2, HC-308, HC-513, and HC-260 and so, these are grouped under salt sensitive group. Based on the results of the experiment, CSV-15, HD-19 and HC-171 can be useful as genetic resources for the development of sorghum cultivars with improved germination under salt stress.
Anisotropic Tomography Around La Réunion Island From Rayleigh Waves

In the western Indian Ocean, the Réunion hot spot is one of the most active volcanoes on Earth. Temporal interactions between ridges and plumes have shaped the structure of the zone. This study investigates the mantle structure using data from the Réunion Hotspot and Upper Mantle‐Réunions Unterer Mantel (RHUM‐RUM) project, which significantly increased the seismic coverage of the western part of the Indian Ocean. For more than 1 year, 57 ocean bottom seismometer stations and 23 temporary land stations were deployed over this area. For each earthquake station path, the Rayleigh wave fundamental mode phase velocities were measured for the periods from 30 s to 300 s and group velocities for the period from 16 s to 250 s. A three‐dimensional model of the shear velocity in the upper mantle was built in two steps. First, the path mean phase and group velocities were inverted, to obtain regionalized velocity maps for each separate period. Then, all of the phase and group velocity maps were combined and inverted at each grid point, to obtain the local S wave velocity as a function of depth, using a transdimensional inversion scheme. The three‐dimensional anisotropic S wave velocity model has resolution down to 300 km in depth. The tomographic model and surface tectonics are correlated down to ∼100 km in depth. Starting at 50 km in depth, a slow velocity anomaly beneath Rodrigues Ridge and the east‐west orientation of the azimuthal anisotropy show a connection between Réunion upwelling and the Central Indian Ridge. The slow velocity signature beneath La Réunion is connected at greater depths (150–300 km) with a large slow velocity zone beneath the entire Mascarene Basin. This develops along a northeast direction, following the general motion direction of the African Plate. These observations indicate nonisotropic spreading of hot plume material and dominant horizontal flow in the upper mantle beneath this area.
Developing science teachers' pedagogical content knowledge

This article discusses the concept of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) within the context of science teaching. First, an attempt is made to define this concept within the tradition of research on teachers' craft knowledge and to identify possible purposes of research on PCK. From this point of view, recent research on science teaching is investigated. This investigation identifies teaching experience as the major source of PCK, whereas adequate subject-matter knowledge appears to be a prerequisite. Finally, an empirical study is presented which focuses on PCK with respect to a specific topic—that is, chemical equilibrium. The effects on teachers' PCK of participation in an in-service workshop and conducting an experimental course in classroom practice are reported. This leads to the identification of elements of PCK teachers can use to promote student understanding. It is concluded that research on topic-related PCK may complement research on student learning of specific topics. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 35: 673–695, 1998.
An Observational Examination of Long-Lived Supercells. Part II: Environmental Conditions and Forecasting

Abstract The local and larger-scale environments of 184 long-lived supercell events (containing one or more supercells with lifetimes ≥4 h; see Part I of this paper) are investigated and subsequently compared with those from 137 moderate-lived events (average supercell lifetime 2–4 h) and 119 short-lived events (average supercell lifetime ≤2 h) to better anticipate supercell longevity in the operational setting. Consistent with many previous studies, long-lived supercells occur in environments with much stronger 0–8-km bulk wind shear than what is observed for short-lived supercells; this strong shear leads to significant storm-relative winds in the mid- to upper levels for the longest-lived supercells. Additionally, the bulk Richardson number falls into a relatively narrow range for the longest-lived supercells—ranging mostly from 5 to 45. The mesoscale to synoptic-scale environment can also predispose a supercell to be long or short lived, somewhat independent of the local environment. For example, long.
Brain MRI Findings in Tramadol Poisoning

Introduction: Recently tramadol intoxication and non-therapeutical abuse have been prevalent in Iran. in this study we aimed at evaluating possible central neural system lesions in patients with tramadol induced seizure by using MRI imaging.Methods & Materials: a cross-sectional study was conducted with age- and sex-matched case and control groups. The case group included oral tramadol intoxication cases with loss of consciousness and/or tramadol induced seizure. The control group included patients with seizure without tramadol consumption. In the first post seizure 24-hour, brain MRI was done and the images were interpreted by a radiologist. Finally all data were collected and they were recorded and analyzed using SPSS software.Results: 15 patients (7 females and 8 males) were in the control group and 15 patients (3 females and 12 males) were in the case group with mean age of 22.27±6.54 and 21.93±4.57 years, respectively. 8 patients of case group and 3 patients of control group had abnormal evidences (hyper signal foci in white mtter) in brain MRI images; there were no significant difference between two groups (p=0.128). Lesions depth in MRI images of case group were equally in Subcortical and Deep parts of white matter (37.5%) and in 2 cases (25%) were observed in both parts. There was no difference between two groups in this way (p=0.721). The most common involved lobe in both groups was frontal lobe which was observed in 62.5% (5 patients) of case group and 100% (3 patients) of control group. In comparison between two groups there was no significant difference in involved lobe (p=0.509). Conclusion: In our study, over half of case group patients had hypersignal evidences in MRI imaging. However no specific pattern was seen in these lesions. Also no significant difference was observed between case and control groups in lesions pattern.
TLR3 Signaling in Human BDCA-3 Dendritic Cells Results in the Formation of Several ILT3 and ILT4 Populations

8 Introduction 9 Materials and Methods 17 i. Isolation and culture of human cells 17 ii. RT-PCR for TLR gene expression (mRNA) 17 iii. Gene array experiments 18 iv. Microarray analysis 19 v. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEG) 20 vi. Blood DC TLR activation assay and Poly I:C time course.20 vii. BDCA-3 DC activation assay followed by ILT4 sorting 21 viii. Cytokine production assays 21 ix. In vitro priming of naive CD4 and CD8 T cells 22 x. Flow cytometry 23 xi. EC50 calculations 24
Bayesian analysis of change-points in poisson processes

Change-point analysis deals with the situation where an abrupt change has possibly taken place in the underlying mechanism that generates random variables. In a parametric setting, this means a change in the parameters of the underlying distribution. The interest is in whether such a change has actually taken place, and if it has, at which point in time. Also, there may have been more than one change during the period of interest. Application of change-point analysis is wide, but is particularly relevant in finance, the environment and medicine. The violability of markets may change abruptly, the rate and intensity of natural phenomena may change, or the effect of treatments in clinical trails may be studied.
Social Capacity for Environmental Management for Recovery of Greenery Resources in Hiroshima

Having a population of 1.12 million (as of 2005) and an area of 741 square kilometers, Hiroshima City is regarded as a metropolis in Japan. On August 6th 1945, Hiroshima became the first city in the world to have an atomic bomb dropped on it, and the delta area was completely destroyed. Almost all of the vegetation was burnt and disappeared from the area. This paper summarizes the content and the achievements of every campaign carried out through the period after the dropping of the bomb in 1945 until 2005. The achievements of the first to third greenery campaigns were analyzed individually from the viewpoint of the Social Environmental Management Systems (SEMS). The first campaign corresponds to the system-making stage in SEMS, the second one is the system-working stage, and the last was categorized as the self-management stage. Compared with the brown issue, the time needed to attain the goals of each greenery campaign was required much longer, due to various struggles caused by urban development in the limited areas of the delta area. A case study was done on the small parks in the deltaic urban zone in the master plan of greenery. Unexpectedly new parks have fewer plants and simple structural diversities. Problems relating to the greenery policy and future direction of biodiversity conservation in urban areas are also discussed in the post-third greenery campaign.
Moral Decision-making in Real Life: Factors affecting moral orientation and behaviour justification

The study addresses two separate but related issues in connection with people's real-life moral decisions and judgements. First, the notion of moral orientation is examined in terms of its consistency across varying contexts, its relation to gender and to gender role. Secondly, a new aspect of moral reasoning is explored--the influence on moral decision-making of considering the consequences of an action. Fifty-eight undergraduate students were asked to discuss two personal and two impersonal real-life moral dilemmas. The results reveal a significant interaction between gender role and type of dilemma. However, moral orientation was not consistent across various dilemmas and gender was not related to any particular orientation. Also the results indicate a significant difference between the reasoning of consequences of personal-antisocial conflicts and impersonal-antisocial conflicts. These findings suggest that different moral orientations may be embedded in life experience and connect with an individual's sense of his or her moral identity in real-life situations.
Telomere clustering and anchoring in budding yeast

Organisation spatiale des 32 telomeres de la levure "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" dans des foyers perinucleaires. J'ai pose la question: "Quel telomere se situe dans quel foyer? ". Un telomere donne reste-t-il toujours dans le meme foyer ou existe-t-il des telomeres en dehors des foyers? l'objectif de ma these etait de visualiser ces foyers des telomeres et un telomere individuel dans des cellules vivantes pour repondre a ces questions. En outre j'ai pu montrer que l'interaction de la telomerase avec Yku influence le positionnement des telomeres pres de l'enveloppe nucleaire. Dans ce contexte j'ai egalement explore la relation entre la localisation des telomeres et des aspects majeurs de leur biologie, a savoir la protection de ceux-ci vis-a-vis des systemes de reparation et la regulation de leur longueur.
Evaluation of existing CPTu-based correlations for the undrained shear strength of soft Finnish clays

The Tampere University of Technology has been carrying out an extensive research program on soil testing in Finland. The aim of this research project is to collect data from high-quality in situ and laboratory tests and derive correlations for strength and deformation properties specific to Finnish clays. Correlation models for the undrained shear strength of soft clays based on CPTu measurements have been proposed in the literature by several authors. However, such models are often calibrated from a specific site or soil type. Thus, validation of these models is required before applying them to different soil conditions. In this paper, the existing correlations for the undrained shear strength of soft clays based on CPTu data are compared to test the results from different sites in Finland. The validity of the existing models is assessed for Finnish clays by evaluating their bias and uncertainties. (wL) in all the sites, and the remolded undrained shear strength (su) was generally lower than 2 kPa. Some of the sites have been presented and discussed in Di Buò et al. (2016) and Selänpää et al. (2017). The maximum penetration depths reached were 9 m at Lempäälä and Perniö, 23 m at Murro, 15 m at Masku, 11 m at Paimio and Sipoo, and 16 m at Joensuu. The depths for sampling were chosen by observing the most homogenous layers from the CPTu data. The deepest sampling depths were 7 m at Lempäälä, 8 m at Perniö and Masku, 5 m at Murro and Joensuu, and 9 m at Paimio and Sipoo.
Chemical evolution in the early phases of massive star formation - II. Deuteration

The chemical evolution in high-mass star-forming regions is still poorly constrained. Studying the evolution of deuterated molecules allows to differentiate between subsequent stages of high-mass star formation regions due to the strong temperature dependence of deuterium isotopic fractionation. We observed a sample of 59 sources including 19 infrared dark clouds, 20 high-mass protostellar objects, 11 hot molecular cores and 9 ultra-compact HII regions in the (3-2) transitions of the four deuterated molecules, DCN, DNC, DCO+ and N2D+ as well as their non-deuterated counterpart. The overall detection fraction of DCN, DNC and DCO+ is high and exceeds 50% for most of the stages. N2D+ was only detected in a few infrared dark clouds and high-mass protostellar objects. It can be related to problems in the bandpass at the frequency of the transition and to low abundances in the more evolved, warmer stages. We find median D/H ratios of ~0.02 for DCN, ~0.005 for DNC, ~0.0025 for DCO+ and ~0.02 for N2D+. While the D/H ratios of DNC, DCO+ and N2D+ decrease with time, DCN/HCN peaks at the hot molecular core stage. We only found weak correlations of the D/H ratios for N2D+ with the luminosity of the central source and the FWHM of the line, and no correlation with the H2 column density. In combination with a previously observed set of 14 other molecules (Paper I) we fitted the calculated column densities with an elaborate 1D physico-chemical model with time-dependent D-chemistry including ortho- and para-H2 states. Good overall fits to the observed data have been obtained the model. It is one of the first times that observations and modeling have been combined to derive chemically based best-fit models for the evolution of high-mass star formation including deuteration.
Evaluating creative products 1 More than the eye of the beholder: The interplay of person, task, and situation factors in evaluative judgments of creativity

Judging creativity accurately is difficult. Individuals who are involved in product creation tend to overestimate the creativity of their work; Individuals not involved lack understanding of the creative process that led to the product under scrutiny. We studied creativity judgments in a tripartite person-task-situation framework. Under high, medium, or no structure conditions and different orders of evaluation, participants (N = 90) rated the creativity and purchase appeal of products created by themselves and others. Accuracy was defined as differences from consensus evaluations of participants not involved in production (N = 30). Moderator analyses suggest that externally set structure of the evaluation process (e.g., using a set of criteria) facilitates the quality of creativity judgment. In unstructured conditions, evaluating one’s own product before evaluating a peer’s leads to low accuracy, but higher levels of conscientiousness seem to mitigate potentially deleterious effects of lack of structure. Higher levels of openness facilitated accurate creativity judgments of peerproduced products, but not self-produced products. A person-task-situation approach is needed to fully unpack the complexity of processes underlying accurate evaluation of creativity.
Advanced Methods for Culturing Neuronal Cells with Microstructures

TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master’s Degree Programme in Biotechnology VITTANIEMI, MINNA: Advanced methods for culturing neuronal cells with microstructures Master of Science Thesis, 79 pages, 13 Appendix pages February 2011 Major: Tissue engineering Examiners: Professor Minna Kellomäki and Docent Susanna Narkilahti
Technical and Structural Efficiency in Mexican Manufacturing: A Regional Approach

This paper applies a stochastic frontier approach to analyze the evolution of technical efficiency in manufacturing as a source of regional growth, taking as a unit of analysis the Mexican states in the period 1988-2008. The main findings of our analysis are threefold. First, technical efficiency was increasing over the analyzed period and acted as a mechanism to reduce the labor productivity gap across states. Second, Mexican regions can increase manufacturing production about one third, on average, using the same amount of inputs which implies ample potential for regional growth. Third, there exists a considerable difference in the level of technological development, measured in terms of structural efficiency, of the north and the central regions with respect to the south that partially explains the labor productivity gap among regions.
Effect of confinement area on production, physiological parameters and behaviour of Friesian cows during winter in a temperate climate

In mild climatic regions, open camp systems (dry lots) may be used for dairy cattle. These have a lower capital investment cost than intensive housing systems although the management of open camps is more difficult. The effect of (a) an earthen mound within an open camp and (b) different camp sizes on the production performance, some physiological parameters and behaviour of Dutch-type Friesian cows were determined over two winter seasons. The feed intake of cows in the earthen mound camp was higher( P 0.05) between camps with and without an earthen mound. Similarly production and physiological parameters of cows in camps of different sizes (100 vs 200 m 2 /cow) did not differ ( P > 0.05). The ground surface of the large camp was drier than that of the small camp resulting in cleaner crows ( P 0.05). Soortgelyke parameter het ook nie verskil ( P > 0.05) tussen koeie wat in kampe ven verskillende groottes (100 vs 200 m 2 /koei) aangehou is nie. Die grondoppervlak van die groter kamp was droer as die kleiner kamp sodat koeie skoner ( P < 0.01) was terwyl die wastyd van uiers met melking korter was (P < 0.01). Koeie in die kleiner kamp het vir langer periodes ( P < 0.01) gestaan om nat toestande te vermy. Koeie in die groot kamp het vir langer periodes gele ( P < 0.01). Hoewel produksieparameters in albei ondersoeke nie verskil het nie, mag 'n grondhoop in kamp en kampe van ten minste 100 m 2 /koei in dele met 'n hoe reenval noodsaaklik te wees. Keywords : Dairy cows, feed intake, earthen mound, dry lots, camp size, temperate climate.
The First Planetary Microlensing Event with Two Microlensed Source Stars

We present the analysis of the microlensing event MOA-2010-BLG-117, and show that the light curve can only be explained by the gravitational lensing of a binary source star system by a star with a Jupiter-mass ratio planet. It was necessary to modify standard microlensing modeling methods to find the correct light curve solution for this binary source, binary-lens event. We are able to measure a strong microlensing parallax signal, which yields the masses of the host star, M* = 0.58 ± 0.11 M⊙, and planet, mp = 0.54 ± 0.10MJup, at a projected star–planet separation of a⊥ = 2.42 ± 0.26 au, corresponding to a semimajor axis of au. Thus, the system resembles a half-scale model of the Sun–Jupiter system with a half-Jupiter0mass planet orbiting a half-solar-mass star at very roughly half of Jupiter’s orbital distance from the Sun. The source stars are slightly evolved, and by requiring them to lie on the same isochrone, we can constrain the source to lie in the near side of the bulge at a distance of DS = 6.9 ± 0.7 kpc, which implies a distance to the planetary lens system of DL = 3.5 ± 0.4 kpc. The ability to model unusual planetary microlensing events, like this one, will be necessary to extract precise statistical information from the planned large exoplanet microlensing surveys, such as the WFIRST microlensing survey.
Minimum Distance Estimation of Search Costs Using Price Distribution

ABSTRACT It has been shown that equilibrium restrictions in a search model can be used to identify quantiles of the search cost distribution from observedprices alone. These quantiles can be difficult to estimate in practice. This article uses a minimum distance approach to estimate them that is easy to compute. A version of our estimator is a solution to a nonlinear least-square problem that can be straightforwardly programmed on softwares such as STATA. We show our estimator is consistent and has an asymptotic normal distribution. Its distribution can be consistently estimated by a bootstrap. Our estimator can be used to estimate the cost distribution nonparametrically on a larger support when prices from heterogenous markets are available. We propose a two-step sieve estimator for that case. The first step estimates quantiles from each market. They are used in the second step as generated variables to perform nonparametric sieve estimation. We derive the uniform rate of convergence of the sieve estimator that can be used to quantify the errors incurred from interpolating data across markets. To illustrate we use online bookmaking odds for English football leagues’ matches (as prices) and find evidence that suggests search costs for consumers have fallen following a change in the British law that allows gambling operators to advertise more widely. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.