Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing Capitalistic and Cooperative Firms on the Ground of Humanistic Management

This paper compares the different modes of functioning of the capitalistic and cooperative firms from the point of view of the principles of humanistic management. After a brief description of the main features of the two types of firm, I argue that efficiency - as it is commonly defined in economics - is not a robust enough standard on the basis of which to evaluate the relative performance of a capitalistic and cooperative firm. I conclude by pointing out that the fundamentum divisionis between the two types of firm resides on the view about the nature of firm: the firm as a commodity or the firm as an association, or community.
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for limited-disease small cell lung cancer in elderly patients aged 75 years or older.

BACKGROUND The optimal treatment for limited-disease small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC) in patients aged 75 years or older remains unknown. METHODS Elderly patients with LD-SCLC who were treated with chemoradiotherapy were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate their demographic characteristics and the treatment delivery, drug toxicities and antitumor efficacy. RESULTS Of the 94 LD-SCLC patients treated with chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy at the National Cancer Center Hospital between 1998 and 2003, seven (7.4%) were 75 years of age or older. All of the seven patients were in good general condition, with a performance status of 0 or 1. Five and two patients were treated with early and late concurrent chemoradiotherapy, respectively. While the four cycles of chemotherapy could be completed in only four patients, the full dose of radiotherapy was completed in all of the patients. Grade 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were noted in seven and three patients, respectively. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor support was used in five patients, red blood cell transfusion was administered in two patients and platelet transfusion was administered in one patient. Grade 3 or more severe esophagitis, pneumonitis and neutropenic fever developed in one, two and three patients, respectively, and one patient died of radiation pneumonitis. Complete response was achieved in six patients and partial response in one patient. The median survival time was 24.7 months, with three disease-free survivors for more than 5 years. CONCLUSION Concurrent chemoradiotherapy promises to provide long-term benefit with acceptable toxicity for selected patients of LD-SCLC aged 75 years or older.
Universal Generating Function Based Probabilistic Production Simulation Approach Considering Wind Speed Correlation

Due to the volatile and correlated nature of wind speed, a high share of wind power penetration poses challenges to power system production simulation. Existing power system probabilistic production simulation approaches are in short of considering the time-varying characteristics of wind power and load, as well as the correlation between wind speeds at the same time, which brings about some problems in planning and analysis for the power system with high wind power penetration. Based on universal generating function (UGF), this paper proposes a novel probabilistic production simulation approach considering wind speed correlation. UGF is utilized to develop the chronological models of wind power that characterizes wind speed correlation simultaneously, as well as the chronological models of conventional generation sources and load. The supply and demand are matched chronologically to not only obtain generation schedules, but also reliability indices both at each simulation interval and the whole period. The proposed approach has been tested on the improved IEEE-RTS 79 test system and is compared with the Monte Carlo approach and the sequence operation theory approach. The results verified the proposed approach with the merits of computation simplicity and accuracy.
Cross-Validation of Customer and Employee Signals and Firm Valuation

Previous studies have shown that a firm needs to rely on its customers and employees to achieve superior performance. In this study, the authors draw on signaling theory to develop and empirically test a cross-validation argument. They argue that how a firm treats one stakeholder group will be interpreted by investors in conjunction with how the firm treats another stakeholder group. Investors use consistency in stakeholder group treatment as a signal of complementarity in a firm's investments, which can improve the likelihood of competitive advantage. Specifically, the authors propose that a firm's achievements (lapses) directed at customers have a stronger positive (negative) impact on investors’ valuation of the firm if they are validated by the firm's achievements (lapses) directed at employees, and vice versa. Applying a multilevel model to a large sample of firms across various industries between 1994 and 2010, the authors find evidence to support these arguments. In addition, they find that cross-validation is more crucial for firms with a narrow than a broad business scope.
How to Evaluate the Share Price Performance During CEO Tenure: The Case of Josef Ackermann’s Stewardship at Deutsche Bank

This clinical paper gives guidance on how to correctly compute and evaluate the share price performance of a corporation during a specific CEO tenure. Although the emphasis is on Deutsche Bank’s share price performance between 2002 and 2012, a lot of general questions relevant for this kind of assessment are tackled as well. For instance it is shown that currency adjustments are essential when comparing global companies if their shares are listed in different currency areas. In addition, the differences of dollar-weighted versus time-weighted returns for peer groups during consecutive observation periods are discussed.At Deutsche Bank’s AGM at the end of May 2012, the CEO tenure of Josef Ackermann officially ended after ten years in office. During his stewardship, Deutsche Bank established itself in the bulge bracket of investment banking and was one of the few global banks which survived the financial crisis without any direct government support. Whether his regime was successful for shareholders is controversial. It is shown that in spite of the fact that Deutsche Bank’s original share price performance during Ackermann’s stewardship has been negative by −50 %; it significantly outperformed other German financial institutions, international sector indices or hand-selected investment banking peer groups. However, it is not clear if this relative outperformance is solely attributable to Ackermann’s and his board members’ management capabilities or perhaps a result of implicit guarantees by the German government.Moreover, share price performance figures published by Deutsche Bank are reviewed. It turns out that some figures overstate the real performance. The same is true for e.g. Morgan Stanley’s performance graph in its latest 10-K report. This finally raises the question, how reliable share price performance figures presented by companies are. This is important for the ongoing pay-for-performance discussion because already the underlying data of share price performance could be biased.
Security in Embedded Systems

Security in embedded systems is limited due to resource constraints. Security in embedded systems have to be adapted to these limitations. We provide a brief look at some of the limitations, such as the batteryand processor-gap. We also discuss some solutions to the limitations. In most systems the solutions are based on specialized cryptographic auxiliary processors. However there are other solutions that are more efficient but not as widely used. Two of the other solutions are the instructionand data-driver approaches which requires hardware support. We also look at the impact of the faster growth rate of the Shannon-Hartley theorem compared to
Relationship value and relationship quality: Broadening the nomological network of business‐to‐business relationships

Purpose – Established models of buyer-seller relationships do not reflect managerial emphasis on supplier performance evaluation when modelling business relationships. Proposes that relationship value should be included as a key constituent in such models. Aims to explore the construct's links with key constituents of relationship quality, i.e. commitment, satisfaction, and trust. Design/methodology/approach – A two-stage research design was used. First, depth-interviews were conducted with ten senior-level purchasing managers in US manufacturing companies. Second, data were gathered in a nation-wide mail survey among 400 purchasing professionals. Findings – The findings suggest that relationship value is an antecedent to relationship quality and behavioural outcomes in the nomological network of relationship marketing. Value displays a stronger impact on satisfaction than on commitment and trust. Value also directly impacts a customer's intention to expand business with a supplier. In turn, its impact on the propensity to leave a relationship is mediated by relationship quality. Contrary to previous research, trust does not appear in this study as an antecedent of behavioural outcomes, but as a mediator of the satisfaction-commitment link. Research limitations/implications – Confirms the role of value as a key relationship building-block. Researchers should integrate this cognitive performance-based construct in models of business relationships. Limitations and research directions refer to the sampling procedure, the need to include the supplier's value perceptions, the possibility of conducting longitudinal research, and the opportunity to assess additional moderating variables. Practical implications – When the goal is to increase business with an existing customer, managers should focus on relationship value. In turn, when managers are concerned with the risk of customers leaving a relationship, they should focus on relationship quality. Trust appears as an important ingredient in stabilising existing business relationships. Originality/value – Stresses the pivotal role of relationship value in marketing. Contributes to a better fit between relationship marketing models and managerial practice in business markets.
Brazil in black and white? Race categories, the census, and the study of inequality

Abstract Many scholars advocate the adoption of a black-and-white lens for the analysis of racial inequality in Brazil. Drawing on a nationally representative dataset that includes race questions in multiple formats, we evaluate how removal of the ‘brown’ category from the census or other social surveys would likely affect: (1) the descriptive picture of Brazil's racial composition; and (2) estimates of income inequality between and within racial categories. We find that a forced binary question format results in a whiter and more racially unequal picture of Brazil through the movement of many higher income mixed-race respondents into the white category. We also find that regardless of question format, racial inequality in income accounts for relatively little of Brazil's overall income inequality. We discuss implications for public policy debates in Brazil, and for the broader scientific and political challenges of ethnic and racial data collection and analysis.
Comparison of Depth of Cure, Hardness and Heat Generation of LED and High Intensity QTH Light Sources

Objectives: To compare curing performance of a second generation LED curing light with a high power tungsten quartz halogen (QTH). Methods: A hybrid composite resin (Filtek Z 250, 3M, USA) was used as test material and cured using a second generation LED light (Translux Power Blue™, Heraus Kulzer ,Germany) or a very high power QTH light unit (EMS, Switzerland). A two split aluminum mold was used to prepare ten samples with LED light source cured for forty seconds and ten samples prepared using high power QTH light unit, cured for four or six seconds recommended exposure time. Hardness, depth of cure (DOC) and thermal rise during exposure time by these light sources were measured. The data submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s and student’s t tests at 5% significance level. Results: Significant differences were found in hardness, DOC of samples cured by above mentioned light sources and also in thermal rises during exposure time. The curing performance of the tested QTH was not as well as the LED light. TPB light source produced the maximum hardness (81.25, 73.29, 65.49,55.83 and 24.53 for 0 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm intervals) and DOC (2.64 mm) values with forty seconds irradiation time and the high power (QTH) the least hardness (73.27, 61.51 and 31.59 for 0 mm, 1 mm and 2 mm, respectively) and DOC (2 mm) values with four seconds irradiation time. Thermal rises during 4 s and 6 s curing time using high power QTH and tested LED were 1.88°C, 3°C and 1.87°C, respectively. Conclusions: The used high power LED light produced greater hardness and depth of cure during forty seconds exposure time compared to high power QTH light with four or six seconds curing time. Thermal rise during 6 s curing time with QTH was greater compared to thermal changes occurred during 40 s curing time with tested LED light source. There was no difference seen in thermal changes caused by LED light with 40 s and QTH light with 4 s exposure time.
Controlled collective motion for trajectory tracking

This paper extends previous work on oscillator models to meet the needs of multiagent applications in which the motion of the collective centroid of the group must be dynamic. Individual agents are modeled as unit speed planar kinematic unicycles. A steering control law is derived for each individual so that the velocity of the collective centroid matches a reference velocity, provided the reference speed is less than one. A framework for steering controls is presented such that the unicycles stay near the collective centroid even though the centroid is non-static. Finally, an outer loop controller is proposed to allow tracking of a target vehicle. Simulation results are shown to support analysis
Considering stillbirths in the breeding program

Stillbirth and dystocia are of large economic importance. It results in loss of calves and maybe also of dams in severe cases. The problems can lead to high costs due to increased labour and veterinarian assistance. It can also result in retained placenta and it may also affect fertility (Philipsson, 1977). The animal welfare aspects are also important to take into consideration when priorities are given to different traits in the breeding goal.
Does “asymptomatic” mean without symptoms for those living with HIV infection?

Abstract Throughout the history of the HIV epidemic, HIV-positive patients with relatively high CD4 counts and no clinical features of opportunistic infections have been classified as “asymptomatic” by definition and treatment guidelines. This classification, however, does not take into consideration the array of symptoms that an HIV-positive person can experience long before progressing to AIDS. This short report describes two international multi-site studies conducted in 2003–2005 and 2005–2007. The results from the studies show that HIV-positive people may experience symptoms throughout the trajectory of their disease, regardless of CD4 count or classification. Providers should discuss symptoms and symptom management with their clients at all stages of the disease.
Board leadership structure and firm performance: an examination of resource dependence role

This study examines if the CEO duality influence the firm economic performance in Bangladesh and the moderating effects of board composition in the form of outside independent directors. While doing so, it examines the relationship between CEO duality and firm performance during the pre appointment of outside independent directors and post appointment of outside independent directors (the role of other corporate governance mechanism as moderating variable). The finding is that there is a negative (non-significant) relationship between CEO duality and firm performance before appointment of outside independent directors in the board. However, independent leadership structure and firm performance is found to be positively related following the acquisition of resource (outside independent directors in the board) supporting the 'resource dependence theory'. The findings of this study partially support the 'agency theory' and 'resource dependence theory' but do not support the stewardship theory. This study contributes to the literature on CEO duality in the context of less a developed country.
Private information, bid-ask spreads and return volatility in the foreign exchange market

Trading volume and order flow have both been closely associated with informed trader activity in the market microstructure literature. Using theory that explains regular intraday patterns in trading data, we transform these variables into proxies for private information and examine their relationships with bid-ask spreads and return volatility. We use a unique and unusually rich high-frequency intraday dataset from the world’s largest financial market, namely, the electronic inter-dealer spot foreign exchange market. Our analysis takes account of institutional features peculiar to this order-driven market. Our empirical results strongly affirm our theoretical understanding of how these markets work. They also reveal how the structure of the inter-dealer spot FX market affects exchange rate volatility.
Instillation of skin, nephrostomy tract, and renal puncture site with ropivacaine decreases pain and improves ventilatory function after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pain after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is well investigated, but no optimal management strategy has yet been defined. Ventilatory changes after uncomplicated PCNL remain obscure. We investigated whether pain can be managed with a combination of a parenteral non-narcotic drug and instillation of a local anesthetic into the operative field. We also measured ventilatory changes early after PCNL to determine whether this analgesic modality improves ventilatory status. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a randomized blinded study, 34 well-matched patients underwent PCNL with single subcostal access. At the end of the operation, 30 mL of either 0.02% ropivacaine or saline was instilled into the renal puncture site, nephrostomy tract, and skin. Postoperatively, patients received parenteral metamizol (dipyrone) (500 mg/dose) on demand. Pain visual analog score (VAS), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), and blood-gas analysis were performed at 2, 6, and 24 hours postoperatively. The number of analgesic doses required was recorded. RESULTS The VAS at 6 hours, time to first analgesic demand, and total analgesic need were significantly lower (P=0.001, 0.008, and 0.001, respectively) in the ropivacaine group, whereas the PEF at 2 and 6 hours was significantly higher (P=0.001 for each). Analgesic use in the first 12 and 24 hours was lower in this group. Blood-gas analysis was within the normal range in both groups. Time of surgery and hemoglobin decrease were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS A decrease in PEF indicating restricted ventilation appears early after PCNL. Because these patients were chosen carefully to have normal function preoperatively, this decrease was attributed to nociception. A combination of ropivacaine instillation with metamizol decreases pain and analgesic use and improves PEF more than use of metamizol alone. Such a multimodal pain-management strategy is effective in minimizing postoperative opioid use with proper pain management, resulting in better ventilation.
The Learning Styles of Agriculture Preservice Teachers as Assessed by the MBTI

Teachers are unique in many ways. Teachers have been found to vary from one another with regard to their learning styles, teaching styles, and personality styles (Myers & Myers, 1980; DeNovellis & Lawrence, 1983; Canfield & Canfield, 1976; Dunn & Dunn, 1979). A person’s personality style has been most effectively assessed utilizing the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) (Myers & Myers, 1980). The MBTI research literature supports the associations among MBTI personality type profiles, learning styles, and approaches for teaching (Barrett, Sorensen, & Hartung, 1987; Lawrence, 1986; Myers & McCauley, 1985; Meisgeier & Murphy, 1987).
On 5‐Cycles and 6‐Cycles in Regular n‐Tournaments

Let T be a tournament of order n and cm(T) be the number of cycles of length m in T. For m=3 and odd n, the maximum of cm(T) is achieved for any regular tournament of order n (M. G. Kendall and B. Babington Smith, 1940), and in the case m=4, it is attained only for the unique regular locally transitive tournament RLTn of order n (U. Colombo, 1964). A lower bound was also obtained for c4(T) in the class Rn of regular tournaments of order n (A. Kotzig, 1968). This bound is attained if and only if T is doubly regular (when n≡3 mod 4 ) or nearly doubly regular (when n≡1 mod 4 ) (B. Alspach and C. Tabib, 1982). In the present article, we show that for any regular tournament T of order n, the equality 2c4(T)+c5(T)=n(n−1)(n+1)(n−3)(n+3)/160 holds. This allows us to reduce the case m=5 to the case m=4. In turn, the pure spectral expression for c6(T) obtained in the class Rn implies that for a regular tournament T of order n≥7, the inequality c6(T)≤n(n−1)(n+1)(n−3)(n2−6n+3)/384 holds, with equality if and only if T is doubly regular or T is the unique regular tournament of order 7 that is neither doubly regular nor locally transitive. We also determine the value of c6(RLTn) and conjecture that this value coincides with the minimum number of 6‐cycles in the class Rn for each odd n≥7.
A Comparison between Organizational Stakeholders' and External Consultants' Perceptions on CSFs Affecting ERP Life Cycle Phases

One key feature of the literature in ERP implementation success is the identification of Critical Success Factors (CSFs) typically from the perspective of senior management. A summarised list of CSFs linked to ERP life cycle phase(s) is developed based on the literature and then corroborated through interviews with consultants. The focus on a consultants' perspective identifies a number of interesting findings. First a new CSF is identified called 'Stakeholder conflict management' consisting of four different types of conflicts between internal and external stakeholders. Second, a number of differences between organizational stakeholders and consultants are highlighted in terms of CSFs and their related ERP life cycle phase(s). These differences need to be further evaluated to ascertain the impact for our current conceptualisation of ERP implementation CSFs. We argue that ERP implementation CSFs that are linked to ERP life cycle phases from the external consultants' perspective can provide valuable and rich insights for improved understanding of the broader ERP system implementation phenomenon.
Creating jobs? : the employment potential of domiciliary care

Social care markets, and the growth of independent sector provision, raise a question about the likely expansion of employment opportunities. Using three case-study areas, this report looks at the extent and nature of employment within domiciliary care, and identifies two labour markets broadly differentiated by pay, training provision and supervision. The study explores how these conditions result from factors such as market competition, purchasers' decisions, the feminization of care work, unionisation, and budgetary pressures. A survey and interviews with domiciliary care workers indicates their strong commitment to caring despite sometimes poor employment conditions. The report discusses the likely future demand for domiciliary care workers. The research should interest providers, purchasers and policy makers and raises issues concerning regulation, service standards, recruitment and retention of staff as well as the long-term viability of the care market.