Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climatic change and body size in two species of Japanese rodents

Using museum specimens, we studied temporal changes in skull size in two species of Japanese rodents, the large Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus) and Pratt's vole (Eothenomys smithii = E. kageus) during the 20th century. We used the greatest length of the skull (GTL), zygomatic breadth (ZB), narrowest width of the skull across the interorbital region (IC) and the length of the upper cheek teeth row (M) as indicators to such changes. We found that GTL and ZB (but not IC and M) increased during the study period in mice, and that IC and M (but not GTL and ZB) increased marginally in voles. We attribute these changes to elevated ambient minimal temperatures, which increased food availability and energy savings for the mice, and required diet change in the voles. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 82, 263–267.
Atrial Fibrillation/flutter Hospitalizations among US Medicaid Recipients with and without Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Objective. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with high prevalence of several risk factors for atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF). However, the incidence and risk of AF in SLE have not been well quantified. Methods. We used the United States Medicaid Analytic eXtract from 2007 to 2010 to identify beneficiaries aged 18–65 years, with prevalent SLE, each matched by age and sex to 4 non-SLE general Medicaid recipients. We estimated the incidence rates (IR) per 1000 person-years (PY) for AF hospitalizations and used multivariable Cox regression to estimate the HR for AF hospitalization. Results. We identified 46,876 US Medicaid recipients with SLE, and 187,504 age- and sex-matched non-SLE controls (93% female; mean age 41.5 ± 12.2 yrs). Known AF risk factors such as hypertension (HTN), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and kidney disease were more prevalent in patients with SLE. During a mean followup of 1.9 ± 1.1 years for SLE, and 1.8 ± 1.1 years for controls, the IR per 1000 PY for AF was 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.6) among patients with SLE and 0.7 (95% CI 0.6–0.8) among non-SLE controls. In age- and sex-matched and race-adjusted Cox models, the HR for AF was 1.79 (95% CI 1.43–2.24); after adjustment for baseline HTN and CVD, the adjusted HR was reduced to 1.17 (95% CI 0.92–1.48). Conclusion. SLE was associated with a doubled rate of hospitalization for AF compared to age- and sex-matched general Medicaid patients. In a race-adjusted model, the risk was 80% higher. However, the AF risk factors HTN and CVD were more prevalent among patients with SLE and accounted for the excess risk.
Spectroscopic properties and dynamical evolution of the merging system AM 1003-435

Aims. We study the system AM 1003-435, which is composed of two strong interacting galaxies. Methods. We obtained long-slit optical spectra of twelve zones of the system, and performed numerical simulations of the encounter between the components following the evolution of their stellar and gaseous contents. Results. The spectrum of the NW nucleus is typical of a starburst, while that of the SE one shows weak emission lines. The highest values of the oxygen and nitrogen abundances are at the NW nucleus. Its derived Hα and Hα + [N II] equivalent widths indicate very intense star formation, in accord to its starburst nature. Indicative ages of the starbursts in the nuclei were obtained. The morphological types of both components derived from their spectral characteristics are in agreement with previous determinations based on photometric parameters. About 70% of the measured Hα luminosity would correspond to the NW component contribution. The IR luminosity of the system is not high (LIR < 10 11 L� ). The estimated star formation rate for AM 1003-435 indicates that its activity is also moderate. The IR radiation, if it has the same origin as the Hα emission, would arise mostly from the NW component. The resulting abundances, burst ages, and masses suggest that the starburst in the SE component, the minor one, started earlier than that of the NW one, and did so in a medium poorer in weighted elements. On the other hand, from a set of N-body simulations of the encounter between both components it was found the time of the perigalacticum, to be comparable to the burst age derived for the SE component, and the star formation in both galaxies would have begun after the perigalacticum. It was also estimated that the central bodies will merge in about 1 Gyr.
Dissipation at the core‐mantle boundary on a small‐scale topography

[1] The parameters of the nutations are now known with a good accuracy, and the theory accounts for most of their values. Dissipative friction at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) and at the inner core boundary is an important ingredient of the theory. Up to now, viscous coupling at a smooth interface and electromagnetic coupling have been considered. In some cases they appear hardly strong enough to account for the observations. We advocate here that the CMB has a small-scale roughness and estimate the dissipation resulting from the interaction of the fluid core motion with this topography. We conclude that it might be significant.
Carbon sequestration in soil following afforestation of former agricultural land in the Czech Republic

Abstract Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a great component of the global carbon cycle and plays significant role in terms of climatic changes and agricultural land-use. An important management concern is the extent of SOC stocks sequestration when farmland is converted to forest stands. We have reviewed the literature about changes in SOC stock in relation to altitude and stand age and sought differences between former agricultural land and origin forest stands. Accumulation of SOC was monitored in 17 examples (41 samples) in 9 locations across the all Czech Republic with focus on the main tree species Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.). Results showed a significant increase of SOC stock in an afforested farmland with increasing stand age. Another factor was the altitude. With increasing altitude, the carbon stock in our model gradually decreased. From the data analyzed comparing forest stand and former agricultural land, similar carbon sequestration was documented for both variants with higher SOC for forest stands. However, other conditions affecting SOC stock should be taken into consideration, especially silvicultural management, topography, disturbances, soil properties and cultivation. The general tendencies of SOC changes at the investigated sites are comparable to those in other studies across the Europe.
Bowed string simulation using a thermal friction model

Summary In the past, theoretical modelling of the motion of a bowed string has assumed that the frictional force due to the rosin on the bow was determined by the sliding speed only. Recently, it has been proposed that a better constitutive law would be to assume that the friction force is a function of the contact temperature. The predictions of these two models are compared, using the best available calibration data for the properties of the rosin and the instrument string. The main conclusion is that the thermal friction model predicts bowing behaviour which is more “benign”, in that the desired Helmholtz motion of the bowed string is established more reliably and more quickly than with the old friction model. The two models also predict different detailed behaviour of the frequency of the string oscillation as a function of normal force, the “flattening effect”. These predictions are amenable to direct experimental check, and it is hoped that measurements will soon provide evidence to test the predictions, discriminate between the models, and fine-tune the more successful model.
CAP effects on labour use in agriculture: Evidence from alternative dynamic panel data models

Our aim is to investigate whether the direct payments and rural development measures of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) do make jobs in agriculture safer. We work with a dynamic labour demand equation that is augmented by the full set of policy instruments of the CAP. It is estimated on a unique regional panel dataset of three East German states for the period 1999-2006. We present results for three consistent estimators which differ in how they eliminate the fixed effects and how they instrument the lagged dependent variable, including estimators due to Arellano and Bond, Blundell and Bond, and a corrected least-squares dummy variable estimator due to Kiviet and Bruno. Our results suggest that there were few desirable effects on job maintenance or job creation in agriculture. While there is some indication that investment subsidies have halted labour shedding on farms, the introduction of the fully decoupled Single Farm Payment has likely contributed to significant job losses.
The Status of geography textbooks for teaching and learning of the concepts of meteorology and environmental education in Tanzanian secondary schools

The study was on determining the availability, utility and relevancy of the certificate of secondary education textual materials from randomly selected 12 secondary schools in Morogoro region. It was observed that the most utilized textual materials were those which could often be sited by examiners. Approved textbooks were outdated hence they were least utilized compared to the reference books which were more current according to the syllabus in use. Though the most utilized textbooks covered most of the concepts as specified in the syllabus, they were some unclear concepts regarding the issues of environmental degradation, weather and climate, power use and climate change. Rural students are more likely to be affected by the observed weaknesses in the schools textual materials than urban ones because of the restricted opportunities for information sources in rural areas.
The roots of Ext

This talk will survey recent set– and model–theoretic algebra tools for making Ext vanish. If C is a class of modules then the modules M such that Ext(M, C) = 0 for each C ∈ C are called the roots of Ext for C. The roots are ubiquitous in module and representation theory: they include the projective, flat, and Baer modules, for example, and they are closely related to tilting and cotilting modules. A basic set–theoretic technique of the structure theory of the roots consists in building filtrations whose consecutive factors are small roots of the same kind. This is the deconstruction of the roots. For example, the classical Kaplansky structure theorem for projective modules is just a simple case of the deconstruction when C is the class of all modules. In the first part of my talk, I will explain how set–theoretic methods yield deconstruction with countably, and even finitely generated root factors. I will also give some applications, [1], [3], [4], [5]. The second part will present a new link to model theory: the roots of Ext yield natural examples of abstract elementary classes (AEC’s) in the sense of Shelah. I will finish by a recent result saying that the AEC’s of the roots induced by tilting and cotilting modules are always of finite character in the sense of Hyttinen and Kesala; [2], [6].
Spatial organization of pelagic fish: echogram structure, spatio-temporal condition, and biomass in Senegalese waters

Understanding the spatial distribution of fish schools is expected to enable future improvement in the reliability of acoustic abundance estimates as well as catch data. The analysis of echograms will provide detailed morphological descriptions of fish aggregations together with characteristics of their habitat. The data set studied here is a series of comparable echograms taken during monitoring surveys and showing important fluctuations in biomass. Echoes are coded into diVerent consistent morphological types. First, we study how the occurrence of these types varies with diel cycle, sea-bottom depth, and fish density by computing a chi-square table. Second, characteristics of inter-school spatial structure are analysed by computing indicator variograms. Third, location of high-density values within the areas where schools are present is studied by computing indicator cross-variograms. A descriptive model of habitat occupation is proposed where some parameters are related to biomass level and others are not. 1996 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Workplace Offense and Victims’ Reactions: The Effects of Victim-Offender (Dis)Similarity, Offense-Type, and Cultural Differences

This study examined the effects of workplace offenders' characteristics and offense-type on victims' reactions. Responses from 352 employed graduate students in the U.S. and South Korea to a hypothetical offense incident revealed that employees from the U.S. and Korea differ in their expressed desirability of avoiding, seeking revenge against, and reconciling with an offending coworker depending on the offenders' similarity/dissimilarity to the victim and on the type of offense. As expected, Koreans (but not U.S. Americans) were more likely to avoid and to seek revenge on a coworker whose offensive remark was group- rather than personally-directed. In addition, Koreans were most motivated to reconcile when an offensive remark came from a similar rather than dissimilar coworker and when the offense targeted them personally (not their group). However, U.S. Americans were most motivated to reconcile when an offensive remark came from a similar rather than dissimilar other and when the offense targeted their group (not them personally). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatially linked asperities of the 2006–2007 great Kuril earthquakes revealed by GPS

In 2006–2007, two great earthquakes ruptured the center of the Kuril subduction zone: first, the interplate thrust event, then the intraplate extensional event on the outer rise. The affected region was a seismic gap since 1915. Published patterns of slip differ for various seismic and tsunami inversions. The surface offsets that we measured with GPS on the Kuril Islands are sensitive to the total slip, including slow components beyond the seismic and tsunami band. We invert coseismic offsets and show that the asperities, or regions of high slip, are spatially linked for both earthquakes; this pattern suggests (although does not prove) that the first event triggered the second. For the 2006 earthquake, the asperity is very shallow, probably because of the absence of an accretionary prism. For the 2007 earthquake, our modeling suggests that the rupture occurred in the bent Pacific lithosphere to a depth of ∼50 km.
An evaluation of outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury at a referral hospital in Tanzania: evidence from a survival analysis.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in low- and middle-income countries who receive surgery have better outcomes than patients with TBI who do not receive surgery, and whether this differs with severity of injury. METHODS The authors generated a series of Kaplan-Meier plots and performed multiple Cox proportional hazard models to assess the relationship between TBI surgery and TBI severity. The TBI severity was categorized using admission Glasgow Coma Scale scores: mild (14, 15), moderate (9-13), or severe (3-8). The authors investigated outcomes from admission to hospital day 14. The outcome considered was the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended, categorized as poor outcome (1-4) and good outcome (5-8). The authors used TBI registry data collected from 2013 to 2017 at a regional referral hospital in Tanzania. RESULTS Of the final 2502 patients, 609 (24%) received surgery and 1893 (76%) did not receive surgery. There were significantly fewer road traffic injuries and more violent causes of injury in those receiving surgery. Those receiving surgery were also more likely to receive care in the ICU, to have a poor outcome, to have a moderate or severe TBI, and to stay in the hospital longer. The hazard ratio for patients with TBI who underwent operation versus those who did not was 0.17 (95% CI 0.06-0.49; p < 0.001) in patients with moderate TBI; 0.2 (95% CI 0.06-0.64; p = 0.01) for those with mild TBI, and 0.47 (95% CI 0.24-0.89; p = 0.02) for those with severe TBI. CONCLUSIONS Those who received surgery for their TBI had a lower hazard for poor outcome than those who did not. Surgical intervention was associated with the greatest improvement in outcomes for moderate head injuries, followed by mild and severe injuries. The findings suggest a reprioritization of patients with moderate TBI-a drastic change to the traditional practice within low- and middle-income countries in which the most severely injured patients are prioritized for care.
Ultracool dwarf benchmarks with Gaia primaries

We explore the potential of \emph{Gaia} for the field of benchmark ultracool/brown dwarf companions, and present the results of an initial search for metal-rich/metal-poor systems. A simulated population of resolved ultracool dwarf companions to \emph{Gaia} primary stars is generated and assessed. Of order $\sim$24,000 companions should be identifiable outside of the Galactic plane ($|b| > 10\,$deg) with large-scale ground- and space-based surveys including late M, L, T, and Y types. Our simulated companion parameter space covers $0.02 \le M/M_{\odot} \le 0.1$, $0.1 \le {\rm age/Gyr} \le 14$, and $-2.5 \le {\rm [Fe/H]} \le 0.5$, with systems required to have a false alarm probability $<10^{-4}$, based on projected separation and expected constraints on common-distance, common-proper motion, and/or common-radial velocity. Within this bulk population we identify smaller target subsets of rarer systems whose collective properties still span the full parameter space of the population, as well as systems containing primary stars that are good age calibrators. Our simulation analysis leads to a series of recommendations for candidate selection and observational follow-up that could identify $\sim$500 diverse \emph{Gaia} benchmarks. As a test of the veracity of our methodology and simulations, our initial search uses UKIDSS and SDSS to select secondaries, with the parameters of primaries taken from Tycho-2, RAVE, LAMOST and TGAS. We identify and follow-up 13 new benchmarks. These include M8-L2 companions, with metallicity constraints ranging in quality, but robust in the range $-0.39 \le {\rm [Fe/H]} \le +0.36$, and with projected physical separation in the range $0.6\,<\,s/{\rm kau}\,<76$. Going forward, \emph{Gaia} offers a very high yield of benchmark systems, from which diverse sub-samples may be able to calibrate a range of foundational ultracool/sub-stellar theory and observation.
Survey on factors affecting occupational accidents among construction industry workers in Khorramabad, Iran

Received: July 2015, Accepted: August 2015 Background: In spite of science and technology developments and their application in different industries, accidents occur in many work environments. Thus, this study was conducted in order to investigate factors affecting constructional accidents. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, all workers who were injured in building construction during 2009-2010 and were registered in the Labor and Social Welfare Corporation were investigated. The data was collected through a checklist, and then, entered into SPSS software and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results: Most of the accidents (about 40%) have occurred in the 24-29 year age group. Improvidence and nonuse of protective and safety instruments are the cause of 42% and 30% of accidents, respectively. The most injured parts of the body were the head (about 60%) and hands (about 45%). The least number of injured individuals was in the insulation and formatting sections (each one about 5%). Most injured persons were hired for less than 1 month (40%) and had job experience of less than 5 years (45%). Approximately 0.5% of injured persons have died and 35% of events have caused bone fracture in different parts of the body. Conclusions: The instructions related to protection, conforming to the related principles during work, and suggestion of solutions in order to prevent nonchalance, particularly for individuals with low job experience, will help to prevent accidents.
Effects of local advection on the spatial sensible heat flux variation on a mountain glacier

Abstract. Distributed mass balance models, which translate micrometeorological conditions into local melt rates, have proven deficient to reflect the energy flux variability on mountain glaciers. This deficiency is predominantly related to shortcomings in the representation of local processes in the forcing data. We found by means of idealized large-eddy simulations that heat advection, associated with local wind systems, causes small-scale sensible heat flux variations by up to 100 W m−2 during clear sky conditions. Here we show that process understanding at a few observation sites is insufficient to infer the wind and temperature distributions across the glacier. The glacier-wide hourly averaged sensible heat fluxes are both over- and underestimated by up to 16 W m−2 when using extrapolated temperature and wind fields. The sign and magnitude of the differences depend on the site selection, which is used for extrapolation as well as on the large-scale flow direction. Our results demonstrate how the shortcomings in the local sensible heat flux estimates are related to topographic effects and the insufficient characterization of the temperature advection process.
Critical Reappraisal of the Time-in-Range: Alternative or Useful Addition to Glycated Hemoglobin?

The HbA1c value is a well-established parameter used to characterize glucose control. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived parameters calculated using daily glucose profiles such as Time-in-Range (TiR) have increasingly been gaining interest for assessing a patient’s current therapy. The question has arisen as to whether TiR could replace HbA1c? Because TiR focuses on the current quality of glucose control during a minimum of 10 to 14 days of CGM use and reflects the variability of glucose concentrations. Time-in-Range could be considered an attractive option for improving diabetes control in patients with diabetes. Due to the lack of established standards for glucose measurements with CGM systems, results from different CGM systems can deviate from each other. Time-in-Range should not be viewed as a replacement for HbA1c, but should be used to deliver valuable additional information.
Cytogenetic Analysis of the Sudanese Horse Flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) from Gedaref State, Eastern Sudan

The Sudanese Horse flies are a group of hematophagous insects that are responsible for transmitting diseases to animals. A cytogenetic analysis of field–collected Tabanids flies, was carried out in Al-Showak district, Gedaref state, Eastern Sudan, to have information on the karyotypic structures prevalent in the area. In this study the karyotype of five horse flies species, Tabanus autumnalis (Szilády 1914); Tabanus leleani (Austen 1920); Atylotus pulchellus (Loew 1858); Hybomitra mendica (Villeneuve 1912) and Tabanus sp. were described for the first time in Sudan. Adult flies are collected by the trapping method; all specimens are transferred in to a preservative solution to the laboratory, where they firstly, morphologic and morphometric identified. Flies are dissected, fixed, stained and slides are prepared by squashing method, examined under the light microscope and photographed. Cytogenetic analysis showed the presence of five different pattern of karyotype in the collected Tabanids samples; Tabanus autumnalis (Szilády 1914) 7n = 14; Tabanus leleani (Austen 1920) 5n = 10; Atylotus pulchellus (Loew 1858) 6n = 12; Hybomitra mendica (Villeneuve 1912) 9n = 18 and Tabanus sp. 8n = 16. This study showed the presence of two genetically differentiated populations of Tabanus species as sympatric in Gedaref region. This karyotypic information will help in understanding the inheritance of the phenotypic variation within the horse flies and will be useful as taxonomic tool.