Populism, Political Radicalism and Political Extremism: Normalisation and Contestation in Changing Democracies Panel The Rise of Populist Political Communication: Political Parties, Media, and Citizens in Times of Crisis

Populism is currently one of the most debated phenomena yet, due to its elusive nature, many scholars are still struggling not only to define populism but also to measure it. Recent elections have proven the need to analyse voter’s attitudes and motivations, party behaviour and activities beyond traditional media or printed party manifestos. Following and researching social media – and their rapidly growing influence on the formulation of political attitudes and choices – is also now a key consideration. In this panel, we analyse how to measure populism and populist attitudes in Europe. Papers presented during the session will analyse populist rhetoric using data collected from social media (Facebook) and online surveys as well as party manifestos, party webpages and an “item-count” experiment. Chair: Natasza Styczynska (Jagiellonian University) Discussant: Steven Van Hauwaert (University of Mainz & Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas) o It is popular to be a populist. The Social Desirability of Populist Attitudes Christopher Wratil (University of Cologne) & Fabian Neuner (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor) o Measuring and Explaining Populism in Scandinavian and German-Language Parties between 1960-2017 Julia C. Leschke (University of Oxford) o Measuring Populism in Social Media Data: A Supervised Machine Learning Approach using Party Communication Tobias Schwarzbözl (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) & Matthias Fatke (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) o Populist Discourse, Attitudes and Vote in Contemporary Spanish Politics Hugo Marcos-Marne (Universität St Gallen), Margarita Gomez-Reino (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia), Iván Llamazares (Universidad de Salamanca), Carolina Plaza Colodro (Universidad de Salamanca) o The Role of Populist Attitudes in Explaining Climate Scepticism and Stances on Environmental Protection Robert Huber (ETH Zürich) -o0o7 Thursday 7 September, 11:00-12:40 Insights from Internal Supply Side Perspectives (Structures, Ideas, Mobilizations) Building: BL20 Helga Engs hus Room: HE U35 Abstract The literature on extremism, radicalism and populism provides important insights on grand processes but still too little about the internal functioning of these organizations. While “internal supply” factors are often mentioned when explaining their electoral success, too little is known about their leadership, cadres, organization, and about the socialization of their activists and voters. To address this gap, the panel offers a set of papers addressing the inner life of extreme, radical and populist organizations focusing on the cases of Podemos, the Five Star Movement, and the Front national.The literature on extremism, radicalism and populism provides important insights on grand processes but still too little about the internal functioning of these organizations. While “internal supply” factors are often mentioned when explaining their electoral success, too little is known about their leadership, cadres, organization, and about the socialization of their activists and voters. To address this gap, the panel offers a set of papers addressing the inner life of extreme, radical and populist organizations focusing on the cases of Podemos, the Five Star Movement, and the Front national. Chair: Caterina Froio (University of Oxford) Discussants: Pietro Castelli Gattinara (Scuola Normale Superiore), Andrea Pirro (Scuola Normale Superiore), Stijn van Kessel (Queen Mary University) o Articulating Radical-left Populism and Social Movements: The Podemos Case Laura Chazel (Sciences Po Grenoble) & Guillermo Fernández Vázquez (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) o Five Star Movement: Grassroot Movement or an Institutionalized Party? Martin Mejstřík (Charles University in Prague) o The Front National and Welfare Politics: A Radical Transformation Elie Michel (European University Institute)