Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A schematic approach to diagnosing and resolving lecturalgia

The lecture is a much used and much criticized teaching method. Lecturalgia (painful lecture) is a frequent cause of morbidity for both teachers and learners. The etiology of lecturalgia is multifactorial and multiple lecturing pathologies frequently coexist. The ‘Clinical Presentation’ curriculum at the University of Calgary encourages the use of ‘schemes’ that provide a scaffolding for learning and a starting point for approaching (clinical) problems. Thus far this approach has not been used to tackle teaching or learning problems.
Prevalence and Genetic Pattern of Feline Coronaviruses in Urban Cat Populations

Abstract The prevalence and phylogeny of feline coronaviruses were studied in urban cat populations by sampling of 113 clinically healthy cats. Rectal swab samples were subjected to a nested reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, specific for the conservative nucleocapsid region of the virus genome. More than 30% of the sampled animals proved positive for the presence of feline coronaviruses. The nucleotide sequences of amplified 440 bp products were determined, aligned and the phylogenetic analysis revealed noticeable genetic clusters among the prevalent feline coronaviruses in the surveyed geographic area. These findings will hopefully contribute to the elucidation of the epidemiology of feline infectious peritonitis.
Electrical coupling between ventricular paired cells isolated from guinea‐pig heart.

Guinea‐pig hearts were digested enzymatically, resulting in aggregates of cells, cell pairs and single cells. Pairs of cells were chosen for measurement of coupling resistance (rj). Current was injected into one cell of a cell pair. The ratio of the resulting voltage change of the other cell to that of the injected cell was more than 0.8 in most cells (tight electrical coupling) or near 0 in a few cells (functional isolation). rj was affected neither by the transjunctional current, nor by the membrane potential itself. On the other hand, either a reduction of external Na+ concentration (15‐60 mM), or an application of ouabain or strophanthidin (10(‐5) M) produced a significant increase in rj. It is concluded that low‐resistance cell‐to‐cell junctions are functionally preserved in pairs of dissociated ventricular cells, that the junctional membrane shows no detectable rectification and that intracellular Ca2+ reduces the junctional conductance.
Inhibitory Plasticity Balances Excitation and Inhibition in Sensory Pathways and Memory Networks

Plasticity at inhibitory synapses maintains balanced excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs at cortical neurons. Cortical neurons receive balanced excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents. Such a balance could be established and maintained in an experience-dependent manner by synaptic plasticity at inhibitory synapses. We show that this mechanism provides an explanation for the sparse firing patterns observed in response to natural stimuli and fits well with a recently observed interaction of excitatory and inhibitory receptive field plasticity. The introduction of inhibitory plasticity in suitable recurrent networks provides a homeostatic mechanism that leads to asynchronous irregular network states. Further, it can accommodate synaptic memories with activity patterns that become indiscernible from the background state but can be reactivated by external stimuli. Our results suggest an essential role of inhibitory plasticity in the formation and maintenance of functional cortical circuitry.
Interface between information structure and intonation in Dutch WH-questions

This study set out to investigate how accent placement is pragmatically governed in WH-questions. Central to this issue are questions such as whether the intonation of the WH-word depends on the information structure of the non-WH word part, whether topical constituents can be accented, and whether constituents in the non-WH word part can be nontopical and accented. Previous approaches, based either on carefully composed examples or on read speech, differ in their treatments of these questions and consequently make opposing claims on the intonation of WH-questions. We addressed these questions by examining a corpus of 90 naturally occurring WH-questions, selected from the Spoken Dutch Corpus. Results show that the intonation of the WH-word is related to the information structure of the non-WH word part. Further, topical constituents can get accented and the accents are not necessarily phonetically reduced. Additionally, certain adverbs, which have no topical relation to the presupposition of the WH-questions, also get accented. They appear to function as a device for enhancing speaker engagement.
Validation of short term recall of mobile phone use for the Interphone study

Aim: To validate short term recall of mobile phone use within Interphone, an international collaborative case control study of tumours of the brain, acoustic nerve, and salivary glands related to mobile telephone use. Methods: Mobile phone use of 672 volunteers in 11 countries was recorded by operators or through the use of software modified phones, and compared to use recalled six months later using the Interphone study questionnaire. Agreement between recalled and actual phone use was analysed using both categorical and continuous measures of number and duration of phone calls. Results: Correlations between recalled and actual phone use were moderate to high (ranging from 0.5 to 0.8 across countries) and of the same order for number and duration of calls. The kappa statistic demonstrated fair to moderate agreement for both number and duration of calls (weighted kappa ranging from 0.20 to 0.60 across countries). On average, subjects underestimated the number of calls per month (geometric mean ratio of recalled to actual = 0.92, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.99), whereas duration of calls was overestimated (geometric mean ratio = 1.42, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.56). The ratio of recalled to actual use increased with level of use, showing underestimation in light users and overestimation in heavy users. There was substantial heterogeneity in this ratio between countries. Inter-individual variation was also large, and increased with level of use. Conclusions: Volunteer subjects recalled their recent phone use with moderate systematic error and substantial random error. This large random error can be expected to reduce the power of the Interphone study to detect an increase in risk of brain, acoustic nerve, and parotid gland tumours with increasing mobile phone use, if one exists.
Cortical blindness and the functions of the non-geniculate fibres of the optic tracts.

turn her head or eyes towards it, though she could confidently and quickly turn her head and eyes towards a ticking clock held near her. In this she seems to differ sharply from the monkeys and hamsters with visual cortical lesions studied by Humphrey and Weiskrantz (1967) and Schneider (1969).
Continuous gene flow contributes to low global species abundance and distribution of a 1 marine model diatom 2 3 4

IBENS, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research 9 University, F-75005, Paris, France 10 11 Present Address: Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center 12 for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 13 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia 14 15 Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Donghu south road, Wuchang 16 district, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China 17 18 Ghent University, Department of Biology, Research Group Protistology and Aquatic Ecology 19 Krijgslaan 281/S8 9000 Gent, Belgium 20
Epilepsy: from consensus to daily practice

Most clinicians would accept that epilepsy treatment should begin with monotherapy, and in the majority of cases this is the preferred drug maintenance option. The clinical choice of one antiepileptic drug (AED) over another should be based on firm evidence of efficacy and tolerability as evaluated in comparative monotherapy studies and pharmacokinetics. This paper presents the findings of evidence‐based reviews of AED monotherapy in patients newly diagnosed with epilepsy. The main study was conducted in the United Kingdom and investigated the clinical evidence supporting AEDs used as first‐line monotherapy. In this paper the general treatment recommendations will focus on valproate, one of the mainstay drugs used in the fight against epilepsy. Finally, with these recommendations in mind, the principles behind AED drug selection in clinical practice will be discussed. Factors for consideration that impact on AED decision‐making include: seizure and syndrome diagnosis, AED tolerability profiles, patient characteristics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic AED interactions.
Variation of carbon content among bacterial species under starvation condition

To explore the variability of bacterial biomass conversion factors in aquatic environments, 5 marine and 5 non-marine bacterial strains were exposed to nutrient depri- vation in artificial seawater and physiological (NaC1, 9 g 1-l) water, respectively. Carbon content per cell (C,) and per vol- ume (C.,) were estimated from total cell number, particulate organic carbon and cell volume (V) measurements after O, 7, 15 and 28 d of starvation. While C, appeared to be rather con- stant (26.02 & 1.08 fg C cell-'; mean * standard error, n = 50) during starvation, C; showed a significant increase. In gen- eral, C,, increased more rapidly in marine strains than in non- marine strains. C, and V were not correlated, but a highly significant relationship between C, and V was found. The non-linear relation was well fitted by a power function model (r2 = 0.847, p i 0.0001). Parameters of the power function adjusted to marine or non-marine strains were not signifi- cantly different. We conclude that C; and, to a lesser extent, C, were dependent on species and physiological status. How- ever, it seems that the differences in C,, between marine and non-marine bacteria observed in this study and by others are not the consequence of different relationships between C,, and volume, but, more likely, of the low cell volume of marine bacteria and their ability to reduce their water content faster than can non-marine bacteria.
Regulation of the microsomal prostaglandin E synthase‐1 in polarized mononuclear phagocytes and its constitutive expression in neutrophils

PGs are potent mediators of pain and inflammation. PGE synthases (PGES) catalyze the isomerization of PGH2 into PGE2. The microsomal (m)PGES‐1 isoform serves as an inducible PGES and is responsible for the production of PGE2, which mediates acute pain in inflammation and fever. The present study was designed to investigate the regulation of expression of mPGES‐1 in polarized phagocytes, which represent central, cellular orchestrators of inflammatory reactions. Here, we report that human peripheral blood monocytes did not express mPGES‐1. Exposure to LPS strongly induced mPGES‐1 expression. Alternatively activated M2 monocytes‐macrophages exposed to IL‐4, IL‐13, or IL‐10 did not express mPGES‐1, whereas in these cells, IL‐4, IL‐13, and to a lesser extent, IL‐10 or IFN‐γ inhibited LPS‐induced, mPGES‐1 expression. It is unexpected that polymorphonuclear leukocytes expressed high basal levels of mPGES‐1, which was up‐regulated by LPS and down‐regulated by IL‐4 and IL‐13. Induction of mPGES‐1 and its modulation by cytokines were confirmed at the protein level and correlated with PGE2 production. Cyclooxygenase 2 expression tested in the same experimental conditions was modulated in monocytes and granulocytes similarly to mPGES‐1. Thus, activated M1, unlike alternatively activated M2, mononuclear phagocytes express mPGES‐1, and IL‐4, IL‐13, and IL‐10 tune expression of this key enzyme in prostanoid metabolism. Neutrophils, the first cells to enter sites of inflammation, represent a ready‐made, cellular source of mPGES‐1.
Value of postoperative thyroglobulin and ultrasonography for the indication of ablation and ¹³¹I activity in patients with thyroid cancer and low risk of recurrence.

BACKGROUND This study investigated the value of postoperative stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) combined with neck ultrasonography for the prediction of the posttherapy whole-body scanning (RxWBS) and the efficacy of ablation with 30 mCi ¹³¹I in patients with thyroid cancer and low risk of recurrence to identify those who do not require ablation or only need a low ¹³¹I activity. METHODS A total of 237 consecutive patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer and low risk of recurrence who were initially treated by total thyroidectomy followed by remnant ablation with 1.1 or 3.7 GBq (30 or 100 mCi) ¹³¹I were studied. Neck ultrasonography, Tg after levothyroxine withdrawal, and anti-Tg antibodies (TgAb) were obtained before, and RxWBS was performed 7 days after ¹³¹I administration. Patients with TgAb were excluded. RESULTS Postoperative ultrasonography revealed lymph node metastases in 5/237 (2%) patients. RxWBS showed ectopic uptake in 3/232 (1.3%) patients with negative ultrasonography. The negative predictive value of postoperative stimulated Tg <1 ng/mL (n = 132) or <10 ng/mL (n = 213) combined with negative ultrasonography was 100%. Among patients with detectable postoperative stimulated Tg <10 ng/mL and negative ultrasonography, 50 received 1.1 GBq ¹³¹I and 31 received 3.7 GBq. In the control assessment, stimulated Tg <1 ng/mL and neck ultrasonography without anomalies were achieved in 47/50 (94%) and in 29/31 patients (93.5%). All patients with stimulated Tg ≤1 ng/mL, negative TgAb, and normal ultrasonography before ablation continued to show the same results 8-12 months after initial therapy as expected, irrespective of the administration of 1.1 GBq (n = 82) or 3.7 GBq ¹³¹I (n = 50). CONCLUSIONS Measurement of stimulated Tg combined with neck ultrasonography after total thyroidectomy may exclude the need for ablation in 56% of low-risk patients without TgAb (Tg <1 ng/mL) and permit the administration of an activity of 1.1 GBq ¹³¹I in another 34% with low Tg levels.
EBNA‐2 and EBNA‐LP cooperate to cause G0 to G1 transition during immortalization of resting human B lymphocytes by Epstein‐Barr virus.

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is unusual among DNA tumour viruses in that the virus particle is able to infect and immortalize resting cells with very high efficiency. Mutation of the viral genome has indicated that at least six viral genes (LMP‐1 and EBNAs 1, 2, 3A, 3C and LP) are essential for immortalization. We demonstrate that the activation of a G1 cyclin, cyclin D2, is an early event following infection with EBV and that cyclin D2 activation is dependent on the expression of viral genes. The different levels of cyclin D2 transcripts in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines expressing different subsets of EBV immortalizing genes suggest an involvement of EBNA‐2 or EBNA‐LP in cyclin D2 regulation. By exposing resting primary B cells to a purified preparation of the EBV surface glycoprotein gp340, we have been able to achieve efficient expression of plasmid DNAs introduced by electroporation. Vectors encoding two viral genes, EBNA‐2 and EBNA‐LP, are sufficient to activate the expression of cyclin D2 in this system. Thus, the progression of resting B lymphocytes into the G1 phase of the cell cycle can be reconstituted in the absence of virus by the cooperation of two of the six viral genes required for immortalization.
A Single Institution Experience with Pacemaker Implantation in a Pediatric Population over 25 Years

Background: With the development of new technical devices and software more appropriate for pediatric patients, pacemaker implantations in children and young adults have increased over time. It is necessary to monitor the mid‐ and long‐term consequences. The decision for the implantation of a cardiovertor defibrillator (ICD) in children remains challenging despite technical improvements.
Minimal-delay decentralized maintenance of processor-group membership in TDMA-bus LAN systems

Decentralized approaches to processor-group maintenance (GMM) are aimed at facilitating every active node in a real-time LAN system to maintain timely and consistent knowledge about the health status of all cooperating nodes and to recognize newly joining nodes. A practical scheme for this decentralized GMM (DGMM) in TDMA (time division multiple access) bus based real-time LAN systems, called here the periodic reception history broadcast (PRHB) scheme, was initially formulated by H. Kopetz et al. (1989) for application environments where the fault frequency is relatively low such that no more than one node fails in any interval of two TDMA cycle duration. The authors develop a major extension of the scheme, PRHB with multiple fault detection (PRHB/MD), which is applicable to environments where the fault frequency is much higher-to be more specific, where up to a half of the nodes map experience faults within any interval of three TDMA cycle duration. The scheme does not impose any limit on the number of transient faults of links that any one node may experience. The scheme yields the minimal detection delay for all major fault types and the delay does not exceed two TDMA cycles for the worst fault type. This detection delay characteristic is a significant improvement over those of previously developed DGMM schemes. <<ETX>>
Oxygen‐dependent delayed fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX measured in the stomach and duodenum during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Protoporphyrin IX‐triplet state lifetime technique (PpIX‐TSLT) is a method used to measure oxygen (PO2) in human cells. The aim of this study was to assess the technical feasibility and safety of measuring oxygen‐dependent delayed fluorescence of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA)‐induced PpIX during upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Endoscopic delayed fluorescence measurements were performed 4 hours after oral administration of ALA in healthy volunteers. The ALA dose administered was 0, 1, 5 or 20 mg/kg. Measurements were performed at three mucosal spots in the gastric antrum, duodenal bulb and descending duodenum with the catheter above the mucosa and while applying pressure to induce local ischemia and monitor mitochondrial respiration. During two endoscopies, measurements were performed both before and after intravenous administration of butylscopolamine. Delayed fluorescence measurements were successfully performed during all 10 upper GI endoscopies. ALA dose of 5 mg/kg showed adequate signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) values >20 without side effects. All pressure measurements showed significant prolongation of delayed fluorescence lifetime compared to measurements performed without pressure (P < .001). Measurements before and after administration of butylscopolamine did not differ significantly in the duodenal bulb and descending duodenum. Measurements of oxygen‐dependent delayed fluorescence of ALA‐induced PpIX in the GI tract during upper GI endoscopy are technically feasible and safe.
Does deficits in place field formation cause spatial navigation impairment in Alzheimer's disease?

In this work we propose a biophysical neural network model to investigate some of the impacts of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) on spatial navigation in a simulated rodent. The model is a hybrid model developed based on physiological and functional description of neuronal networks in the hippocampus engaged in place field formation. The model of hippocampal network takes into account both anatomical and physiological properties, including recurrent structure of CA3, neuron-astrocyte interactions and spike timing-dependent plasticity of synapses. The place field based spatial navigation model applies SARSA, an algorithm used in reinforcement learning, to describe spatial learning process. We modeled the impact of AD at the cellular scale and investigated its effect on the behavioral level to study spatial navigation impairments. Our results show that the simulated animal with AD is less successful in finding its path to a goal, where its location was learned before, than a healthy one. Therefore, deficits in place field formation may consider as a possible cause of spatial navigation impairments in AD subjects.
Natural History of Idiopathic Advanced Bone Age Diagnosed in Childhood: Pattern of Growth and Puberty

Background: Significant idiopathic bone age (BA) advancement is defined as BA >2 SD above the mean chronological age (CA) with no underlying etiology. BA advancement due to endocrinopathies is associated with early puberty and compromised adult height (AHt), necessitating treatment. The natural history of idiopathic BA advancement is not well-established. Aim: To determine the pattern of growth and puberty, and validity of AHt prediction in idiopathic BA advancement. Methods: Fifty-five prepubertal patients (20 boys aged 6.7 ± 2.2 years, 35 girls aged 6.4 ± 2.0 years) evaluated between 1985 and 2008 were found to have idiopathic BA advancement. Assessed during follow-up were: BA, height (Ht), weight (Wt), pubertal course and predicted AHt (PAHt). Attained AHt was compared to PAHt and to midparental Ht (MPHt). Results: Throughout follow-up, BA-SDS (SD score) significantly declined (p < 0.001), Ht-SDS significantly decreased (p = 0.006) and Wt-SDS did not change. Pubertal onset, duration and growth were within the normal range. Attained AHts did not differ significantly from MPHts (boys: 172 ± 6.7 vs. 171 ± 6.1 cm; girls: 160.5 ± 6.5 vs. 159.0 ± 6.8 cm). PAHts using the ‘accelerated’ tables of Bayley and Pinneau were accurate. Conclusion: Idiopathic BA advancement differs from BA advancement with underlying endocrinopathy in evolution of BA progression (decline in BA-SDS), growth pattern, validity of AHt prediction and uncompromised AHt. This indicates that it requires minimal clinical monitoring and usually does not mandate treatment.
Resonance elimination of LLCL filters based on virtual resistor for single-phase PWM inverters

In this paper, an active damping control scheme based on virtual resistors is proposed for LLCL filters in the single-phase grid inverters. In comparison with the well-known LCL filters, a very small-size inductor is inserted in series with the filter capacitor, by which the series resonance at the switching frequency may occur. By the LC filter branch, the switching ripple in the grid-side current is suppressed, from which the inductor size in the grid side is minimized. However, the resonance phenomena in this filter may also occur, which needs to be investigated to guarantee the system stability. A resonance suppression scheme based on virtual resistors is proposed for LLCL filters in single-phase grid inverters. The simulation results for a 3-kW single-phase system have verified the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Family Burdens, Chinese Health Beliefs, and the Mental Health of Chinese Caregivers in Hong Kong

This study explored the types of family burdens, mental health and Chinese health beliefs of Chinese caregivers with relatives suffering from a serious mental illness. It also examined the impacts of these beliefs on caregivers’ burdens and mental health. A structured questionnaire was administered to 125 Chinese caregivers in out-patient clinics in Hong Kong. Measures included distress (General Health Questionnaire), family burdens and belief in traditional Chinese medicine. Family burdens exerted a significant impact on the mental health of caregivers. Significant differences were found between believers and non-believers of traditional Chinese medical beliefs in terms of financial burdens, disruptions to family interactions and decline in physical health. However, a moderating effect of Chinese health beliefs on family burdens andmental health was found. The lack of a moderating effect of health belief on family burdens may be related to care-givers’ changes in perspectives from a traditional Chinese cultural perspective to a psychosocial and personality perspective. Implications for research and service development are discussed.