Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of distress, neuroticism and time since diagnosis in explaining support behaviors in partners of women with breast cancer: results of a longitudinal analysis

In this prospective study distress, neuroticism and time since diagnosis were investigated as determinants of spousal support behavior (i.e. protective buffering and active engagement) in a group of 92 partners of women with breast cancer. Distress and neuroticism were assessed at three months after diagnosis while protective buffering and active engagement were assessed at three, nine and 15 months after diagnosis. Results indicate small but significant decreases in protective buffering and active engagement over time. Moreover, initial distress and neuroticism were found to be strongly and positively related to protective buffering at all three measurements. In addition, less distress was associated with more active engagement in especially individuals scoring relatively low on neuroticism, but only at 3 months after diagnosis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RED CELLS , IRON , AND ERYTHROPOIESIS Tropomodulin 3-null mice are embryonic lethal with anemia due to impaired erythroid terminal differentiation in the fetal liver

Biogenesis of mammalian red blood cells (RBCs) is a complex morphogenetic process of coordinated gene expression, proliferation, and terminal differentiation, with the final stages involving nuclear condensation and cell-cycle exit coordinated with nuclear polarization and expulsion. During nuclear polarization and expulsion, RBC membrane proteins are retained with the nascent reticulocyte, while unwanted proteins are sorted to the membrane overlying the expelled nucleus. Erythroblast enucleation has been likened to a form of asymmetric cell division, based on cell polarity signals contributed by microtubules, filamentous actin (F-actin), and myosin IIB assembly into a contractile ring-like structure at the constriction site between the extruding nucleus and the nascent reticulocyte. Similar to cytokinesis, F-actin assembly stimulated by Rac GTPases and a downstream effector, mDia2 (an F-actin–nucleating formin-homology protein), are required for enucleation of mouse erythroblasts. Inhibition of myosin IIB activity and filament assembly also reduces enucleation in mouse and human erythroblast cultures. Other studies implicate actin-regulated membrane trafficking of late endosomes and membrane remodeling as drivers of enucleation. With the exception of Rac GTPases, mDia2, and myosin II, the factors responsible for actin cytoskeleton remodeling during enucleation are not known. Actin cytoskeleton regulation may also contribute to erythroblast enucleation via interactions of erythroblasts with macrophages. Erythroblasts differentiate in association with a large central macrophage to form erythroblastic islands in the bonemarrow and fetal liver during embryonic development. Studies of fetal liver erythropoiesis show that erythroblast differentiation, survival, and enucleation depend on erythroblast-macrophage adhesion receptor interactions, andmacrophage phagocytosis of extruded nuclei, processes that require the actin cytoskeleton. To date, palladin inmacrophages is the only F-actin binding protein shown to be required for erythroblastic island formation. Tmods bind to tropomyosins and cap the pointed ends of actin filaments to regulate their length and stability. The Tmod family consists of four Tmods, with Tmod1 being the sole Tmod in human and mouse RBCs, where it caps the short actin filaments in the spectrin-actin network of the membrane skeleton. Tmod1-null mice display a mild compensated, sphero-elliptocytic anemia with
A Time to Tan: Proximal and Distal Effects of Mortality Salience on Sun Exposure Intentions

According to the dual defense model of terror management, proximal defenses are engaged to reduce the conscious impact of mortality salience, whereas thoughts of death outside of conscious awareness motivate distal defenses aimed at maintaining self-esteem. Two experiments examined these ideas by assessing women’s intentions to engage in tanning-related behavior. In Study 1, when concerns about death (relative to dental pain) were in focal attention, participants increased intentions to protect themselves from dangerous sun exposure. In contrast, when thoughts about death were outside of focal attention, participants decreased interest in sun protection. In Study 2, participants primed to associate tanned skin with an attractive appearance responded to mortality concerns outside of focal attention with increased interest in tanning products and services. These findings are discussed in relation to the dual-defense model of terror management, societal determinants of self-esteem, and implications for health risk and promotion.
A forward genetic screen reveals roles for Nfkbid, Zeb1, and Ruvbl2 in humoral immunity

Using chemical germ-line mutagenesis, we screened mice for defects in the humoral immune response to a type II T-independent immunogen and an experimental alphavirus vector. A total of 26 mutations that impair humoral immunity were recovered, and 19 of these mutations have been positionally cloned. Among the phenovariants were bumble, cellophane, and Worker ascribed to mutations in Nfkbid, Zeb1, and Ruvbl2, respectively. We show that IκBNS, the nuclear IκB-like protein encoded by Nfkbid, is required for the development of marginal zone and peritoneal B-1 B cells and additionally required for extrafollicular antibody responses to T-independent and -dependent immunogens. Zeb1 is also required for marginal zone and peritoneal B-1 B-cell development as well as T-cell development, germinal center formation, and memory B-cell responses. Finally, Ruvbl2 is required for T-cell development and maximal T-dependent antibody responses. Collectively, the mutations that we identified give us insight into the points at which disruption of an antibody response can occur. All of the mutations identified to date directly affect lymphocyte development or function; none have an exclusive effect on cells of the innate immune system.
The fundamentals of standardizing global marketing strategy

Purpose – To examine issues of standardization and adaptation in global marketing strategy and to explain the dynamics of standardization.Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual research paper that has been developed based on gaps in prior frameworks of standardization/adaptation. A three‐factor model of standardization/adaptation of global marketing strategy was developed. The three factors include homogeneity of customer response to the marketing mix, transferability of competitive advantage, and similarities in the degree of economic freedom.Findings – The model through the use of feedback effects explains the dynamics of standardization.Research limitations/implications – Future research needs to empirically test the model. To enable empirical validation, reliable and valid measures of the three factors proposed in the model need to be developed. Additionally, the model may be used in future research to delineate the impact a variable may have on the ability of a firm to follow a standardiz.
Viral diarrhea in children in Beijing, China

A study was undertaken from November 1994 to August 1996 to determine the role of viruses in children (⩽5 years of age) hospitalized at Beijing Children Hospital, Beijing China, for acute diarrhea. Stool samples from diarrheal patients were investigated by ELISA, electron microscopy, and RT‐PCR for the presence of rotavirus, calicivirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus. Group A rotavirus was detected in 55.9% of all diarrheal patients and comprised 82.5% of all viruses detected. Group A rotavirus samples were further characterized for their G‐type specificity by RT‐PCR. Four major G types (1–4) were identified. G1 to G4 accounted for 58.9%, 15.7%, 16.8%, and 6.3%, respectively, of the serotyped samples. Almost all rotavirus infections occurred in children less than 1 year of age, with a significant clustering during the winter months. Group C rotavirus was detected in one 18‐month‐old child. Astroviruses, caliciviruses, and adenoviruses were detected in 8.5%, 7.6%, and 2.5% of the hospitalized children, respectively. This, the first viral etiological study of childhood diarrhea in China, concludes that rotavirus G1–4 strains play an important role in severe diarrhea in Beijing children. J. Med. Virol. 57:390–396, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Somatic cell counts: associated factors and relationship to production.

Factors affecting somatic cell counts and the association between somatic cell counts and milk production were evaluated. Data were collected from 748 Ontario Dairy Herd Improvement Corporation supervised herds that were on production and somatic cell count programs between April 1981 and March 1983. Two data files were created; one, the lactation summary file, contained one record per cow on each of 9406 Holsteins and the other, the test day file, included results of all tests during the complete lactation on each of the above cows. The latter file contained 85,236 records. Multiple curvilinear least squares regression was used to create five separate models. The dependent variables used in the models were natural logarithms (Loge) of the geometric mean of the somatic cell count for the lactation, 305 day milk production and breed class average for milk from the lactation summary file, and loge of the 24 hour somatic cell count and 24 hour milk production from the test day file. The somatic cell count at both the lactation and test day level increased with age up to approximately ten years and thereafter slowly decreased. The variable "days in milk" was not significantly associated with the lactation average somatic cell count. A curvilinear relationship was found between days in lactation at the time of test and the somatic cell count of 24 hour milk production. The somatic cell count increased until approximately 250 days in lactation and thereafter slowly decreased. It was found that the highest cell counts occurred in summer and the lowest in winter. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Model development for motor drive system simulations

In the motor drives working group of Cooperative Study Group on Applications of Power Electronics Simulations of IEEJ, standard models for simulation of motor drive systems are discussed. This paper provides a standard motor model of induction motor drive systems with parameters. Parameters of more than 30 induction motors have been gathered, and tendency of the parameters have been also investigated. In this paper, some simulation example are shown and compared with the experimental results.
Evolving soft robots to execute multiple tasks with Combined-CPPN-NEAT

Soft robots are becoming increasingly popular because they are adaptable and safe. However, soft robot behaviors are extremely complex, so they can be hard to manually design. To resolve this, researchers have investigated automatic design processes for soft robots. Previous work has proposed evolution techniques targeted to single tasks. However, robots must perform multiple tasks to execute more complicated processes. We propose Combined-CPPN-NEAT. It is a method for designing robots that can perform multiple tasks by combining networks of robots that were first evolved to perform individual tasks. To investigate the method's performance, we ran two experiments. The first evolved morphologies with respect to predefined target functions, and the second comprised two locomotion tasks. Our results showed that the morphological and functional information of robots evolved to perform individual tasks can be extracted and combined using Combined-CPPN-NEAT. This method performed better than the existing multiple task evolution method.
Effect of body temperature on steady state ventilation and metabolism in exercise.

Petersen, E. S. and H. Vejby-Christensen. Effect of body temperature on steady state ventilation and metabolism in exercise. Acta physiol. scand. 1073. 89. 342–351. Four healthy subjects were studied at rest and during steady slate of work at normal room and body temperature, and at elevated body temperature (38.5o C) in a climatic chamber. Ventilation, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide elimination, heart rate, and blood lactate and pyruvate concentrations were measured. At equal work loads ventilation was not different, although respiratory rate was consistently higher and tidal volume lower at elevated temperature. Oxygen uptake was lower, and the ventilatory equivalent therefore higher in hyperthermia than in normothermia. Blood lactate concentration was higher both at rest and at all work loads indicating an increased anaerobic energy yield in hyperthermia. The study indicates the existence of a temperature threshold near 38o C, above which a relative hyperventilation is seen. The observed hyperventilation is hardly caused by changes in the [H+]-stimulus, and it is suggested that hyperthermia per se or through interaction with other stimuli might constitute the additional ventilatory drive.
Association between carotid artery tortuosity and carotid dissection: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND Carotid artery dissections have long been associated with compromise of the structural integrity of the arterial wall from heritable connective-tissue disorders, hypertension, and trauma. However, an association between spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection and tortuous or redundant carotid anatomy has not been fully explored. METHODS Patients with CTA confirmed spontaneous cervical internal carotid artery dissections were compared to a group of age and sex matched controls who also received CTA of the neck. Patients with trauma or aortic dissections were excluded. Five radiologists reviewed the CTA images to evaluate internal carotid artery tortuosity (reported as loops, kinks or coils), retrojugular and retropharyngeal courses of the internal carotid artery, presence of fibromuscular dysplasia and presence of atherosclerotic disease. Baseline data collected included demographic characteristics (sex, age, smoking history) and cardiovascular comorbidities. RESULTS A total of 83 cervical internal carotid artery dissection and their age and sex matched controls were included in this study. 46% of patients were female in each group and mean age was 49.2±10.6 years. The presence of any carotid tortuosity was 53% (N.=44) and 34% (N.=28) in the per-patient analysis of dissection and control groups, respectively (P=0.02). Loops were reported in 22% (N.=18) of dissection patients and 8% (N.=7) of controls (P=0.03). Retrojugular course of the internal carotid artery were seen in 23% (N.=38) of dissection patients and 9% (N.=15) of controls (P=0.0009) in the per-vessel analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that there is an association between the presence of tortuous carotid artery anatomy and spontaneous carotid artery dissection. This finding emphasizes the importance of the presence of tortuous arteries on CTA imaging to increase the index of suspicion for a potential dissection.
Heterogeneity of mechanisms in exercise induced asthma.

The development of airflow limitation that occurs in 70-80% of people with asthma several minutes after vigorous exercise is known as exercise induced asthma. In most asthmatic patients the airflow obstruction is reversed spontaneously within 60 minutes. There are, however, asthmatic individuals who have more prolonged airways obstruction and who require bronchodilator treatment to recover pre-exercise lung function. After exercise 40-50% of asthmatic individuals with exercise induced asthma will be less responsive to an identical exercise task performed within one hour. ' 2 This is known as the refractory period.3 In some patients, particularly children, exercise induced asthma will be followed three to nine hours later by a further decrease in lung function, termed the late reaction.4' In most asthmatic subjects with exercise induced asthma the administration of sodium cromoglycate or a I2 sympathomimetic aerosol immediately before exercise will prevent the development of the initial8 and late phase asthmatic reactions.6 Although exercise induced asthma has been recognised for centuries there is still considerable debate about its pathogenesis. Some of the controversy may relate to the attempt to seek a single mechanism to explain a condition in which several mechanisms may exist. The recognition that exercise induced asthma is only sometimes followed by a refractory period, that the inhibitory effect of sodium cromoglycate and the anticholinergic agent ipratropium bromide is not universal, and that bronchoactive mediators cannot be detected in the circulation of all patients with the condition suggests that there may be several different mechanisms causing exercise induced asthma.
New Trends in Alexithymia Research

Research investigating the alexithymia construct is advancing rapidly and has broadened considerably in recent years as a result of interdisciplinary efforts, new methodologies, and experimental techniques. New developments in the field include a shift from measurement-based validational studies to experimental investigations, which explore the relation between alexithymia and various aspects of emotional processing; the use of functional brain imaging techniques to explore neural activity associated with alexithymia; and experimental studies that measure multiple indices of physiological response to standardized emotion-inducing stimuli. Developmental research and attachment studies are providing ways for investigating potential etiological sources of the construct; and experimental approaches are being used to explore relations between alexithymia and other health-related personality constructs. In addition, longitudinal and treatment studies are clarifying the relation between alexithymia and psychopathology and the extent to which alexithymia predicts treatment outcome. Investigators need to embrace the new methods and techniques for the field of research to further increase understanding of the alexithymia construct and its association with physical and mental illness.
Increased prevalence of potential right‐to‐left shunting in children with sickle cell anaemia and stroke

‘Paradoxical’ embolization via intracardiac or intrapulmonary right‐to‐left shunts (RLS) is an established cause of stroke. Hypercoagulable states and increased right heart pressure, which both occur in sickle cell anaemia (SCA), predispose to paradoxical embolization. We hypothesized that children with SCA and overt stroke (SCA + stroke) have an increased prevalence of potential RLS. We performed contrasted transthoracic echocardiograms on 147 children (aged 2–19 years) with SCA + stroke) mean age 12·7 ± 4·8 years, 54·4% male) and a control group without SCA or stroke (n = 123; mean age 12·1 ± 4·9 years, 53·3% male). RLS was defined as any potential RLS detected by any method, including intrapulmonary shunting. Echocardiograms were masked and adjudicated centrally. The prevalence of potential RLS was significantly higher in the SCA+stroke group than controls (45·6% vs. 23·6%, P < 0·001). The odds ratio for potential RLS in the SCA + stroke group was 2·7 (95% confidence interval: 1·6–4·6) vs controls. In post hoc analyses, the SCA + stroke group had a higher prevalence of intrapulmonary (23·8% vs. 5·7%, P < 0·001) but not intracardiac shunting (21·8% vs. 18·7%, P = 0·533). SCA patients with potential RLS were more likely to report headache at stroke onset than those without. Intrapulmonary and intracardiac shunting may be an overlooked, independent and potentially modifiable risk factor for stroke in SCA.
A HIGH FRACTION OF Lyα EMITTERS AMONG GALAXIES WITH EXTREME EMISSION LINE RATIOS AT z ∼ 2

Star-forming galaxies form a sequence in the [O iii] λ5007/ versus [N ii] λ6584/ diagnostic diagram, with low-metallicity, highly ionized galaxies falling in the upper left corner. Drawing from a large sample of UV-selected star-forming galaxies at with rest-frame optical nebular emission line measurements from Keck-MOSFIRE, we select the extreme ∼5% of the galaxies lying in this upper left corner, requiring log([N ii]/ ) and log([O iii]/ ) . These cuts identify galaxies with , when oxygen abundances are measured via the O3N2 diagnostic. We study the properties of the resulting sample of 14 galaxies. The mean (median) rest-frame equivalent width is 39 (36) Å, and 11 of the 14 objects (79%) are emitters (LAEs) with . We compare the equivalent width distribution of a sample of 522 UV-selected galaxies at identified without regard to their optical line ratios; this sample has mean (median) equivalent width −1 (−4) Å, and only 9% of these galaxies qualify as LAEs. The extreme galaxies typically have lower attenuation at than those in the comparison sample and have ∼50% lower median oxygen abundances. Both factors are likely to facilitate the escape of : in less dusty galaxies photons are less likely to be absorbed during multiple scatterings, while the harder ionizing spectrum and higher ionization parameter associated with strong, low-metallicity star formation may reduce the covering fraction or column density of neutral hydrogen, further easing escape. The use of nebular emission line ratios may prove useful in the identification of galaxies with low opacity to photons across a range of redshifts.
Public management information systems: theory and prescription

One reflection of the enormous increase in interest in management information systems (MIS) is the rapid growth of research, theory, and prescription. But available knowledge of MIS is not of equal service to all managers. Managers working in the public sector must exercise particular caution as they seek to draw lessons from MIS literature. The vast majority of MIS knowledge, both formal and "know how," has been developed from private-sector data sites for application in private sector contexts. Prescriptions developed for the private-sector or for "generic" management may be valid for the public sector context. The problem is in determining which findings and prescriptions are applicable to public management and which are not. While MIS theory and research has grown by leaps and bounds, little research and virtually no theory has been published on public management information systems (PMIS). The purposes of this paper are to provide an integrating theoretical framework for PMIS which focuses on the differences between public and private sector environments and to use the framework to develop prescriptive propositions for PMIS. Before presenting the PMIS framework, existing frameworks