Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indonesian Students ’ Writing Proficiency and Their Ability in Using Complex Sentences

This study investigated EFL students’ proficiency in writing, their ability in using complex sentences, and how these two variables are related. It involved 54 students who attended Argumentative Writing course at the English Department of Universitas Negeri Malang, one of the prominent universities in Indonesia. The students were asked to write an opinion essay on general issues. The essays were analyzed to measure the students’ proficiency in writing and to identify the number of sentences, and the number of complex sentences, as well as the proportion of the use of complex sentences compared to the use of other types of sentences. Pearson product moment correlation was employed to examine the correlation between the number of sentences, the number of complex sentences, as well as the correlation between the students’ proficiency in writing and the number of complex sentences they produce. The results revealed that the students’ proficiency in writing was fairly good (at intermediate level) and the use of complex sentences outnumbered the use of other types of sentences. There was a significant correlation between the number of sentences and the number of complex sentences as well as the correlation between the students’ proficiency in writing and the number of complex sentences they use.
Leading Infiation Indicators in Finland : Pairwise Analysis of Granger-Causality and Cointegration

We analyse a set of macroeconomic variables in order to evaluate their ability to (linearly) predict inflation. Aseries of tests is conducted in which the consumer price index is paired with a . single macroeconomic variable, such as monetary or credit aggregate, an interest rate, an asset price, a survey variable and or some other nominal or real variables. Using bivariate autoregressive models, hypotheses concerning cointegration and causality between price level and the particular macroeconomic variable are tested. Qnly in a few cases is cointegration found. We conclude that in general yield indices· and cost variables cointegrate and predict inflation over a one-year horizon. Va. riables concerning economic activity, broad monetary aggregates and certain interest rates predict inflation about one year ahead. However, most of the variables of our dataset perform poorly as leading indicators of inflation.
Critical Element Designation System in Rail Transport in the Czech Republic

In EU countries, the railway sector is referred to as a sub-sector of transport critical infrastructure. However, in addition to the critical infrastructure elements, the railway infrastructure also includes elements which do not meet given cross-cutting and sectoral criteria, but are nonetheless essential or even critical for a given area (region). These elements must therefore be identified in a timely and correct manner so that adequate security measures can be adopted. Yet one of the major issues with regard to protecting these elements at regional level remains the lack of a complex approach to and criteria for their evaluation and designation. In consideration of the above, the article aims to introduce a system for designating critical elements in railway transport in the Czech Republic, as developed by VSB – Technical University of Ostrava. The basis for the designation system constitutes a framework which defines the principal areas determining, limiting and influencing the process of critical element designation. This process is based on the identification and analysis of key elements, the determination of the level of criticality and, subsequently, the designation of critical elements with a view to ensuring their protection. The evaluation process hinges on evaluation criteria which are specific for line, point and areal elements of railway infrastructure. In conclusion, the article suggests some useful ways in which the critical element designation system in rail transport in the Czech Republic can be modified and utilized.
Community perception towards biodiversity conservation and eco-tourism in imperiled landscapes of erstwhile Closed Areas of western Rajasthan , India

Indian endangered biodiversity was protected under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 (WPA 1972) by transforming the natural habitats into Protected Areas – National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries. However, a large number of diverse wildlife populations occurred beyond these Protected Areas as is evident in the arid zone of western Rajasthan. During 1980’s, Rajasthan State Government issued a gazetted notification to protect unprotected wildlife-rich areas such as “Closed Areas”. An amendment of WPA 1972 in 2002 abolished the protection priorities of Closed Areas making them susceptible to local extinction of several species. The current study, aimed to assess the community perceptions towards conservation of such dwindling biodiversity. Awareness and attitude of the local communities towards biodiversity conservation was thus assessed by use of a semi-structured questionnaire-based interview among 3357 people in 2470 households across seven erstwhile Closed Areas in western Rajasthan so as to explore the possibilities of bringing these areas under the recently introduced protective regime of “Conservation Reserves” or “Community Reserves”. Anthropogenic offences in the absence of designated protection mechanism were held responsible for biodiversity degradation by government reports. Eco-tourism shows immense potential in other Indian Protected Areas for biodiversity conservation and economic growth for the local communities. Currently, 31.1% of the total interviewed population were willing to support the future eco-tourism initiatives in the region. Such positivity should be encouraged by the authorities following successful examples of eco-tourism projects in other Indian Protected Areas before the cessation of social enthusiasm for protecting biodiversity.
Response to chronic sleep restriction , extension , and total sleep deprivation in humans : adaptation or preserved sleep homeostasis ?

Response to chronic sleep restriction, extension, and total sleep deprivation in humans: adaptation or preserved sleep homeostasis? Jelena Skorucak, Emma Arbon, Derk-Jan Dijk, Peter Achermann 1 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 2 Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 3 Zurich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 4 Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
Small-strain shear modulus and shear strength of an unsaturated clayey sand Module

This paper presents and discuss results of laboratory tests with a compacted clayey sand. Two sets of tests were performed to analyze the shear strength and the small-strain shear modulus (Go) of this soil. The first set consisted of triaxial compression tests performed on saturated specimens and multistage triaxial compression tests with controlled suction on unsaturated specimens, which were sheared under constant water content. The second set consisted of tests to measure the Go of specimens under constant suction using the bender elements technique. The results allowed observing the development of suction during shearing and influence of suction and confining stress on the shear strength and on the small-strain shear modulus of the tested soil. A planar failure envelope could nicely fit experimental data of shear strength. The influence of net confining stress on the small-strain shear modulus reduced as the suction increases. The shear modulus tended to increase non-linearly with suction, seeming to reach an asymptotic value. RÉSUMÉ : Cet article présente et discute les résultats des essais de laboratoire sur un sable argileux compacté. Deux séries d’essais ont été effectuées pour analyser la résistance au cisaillement et le module de cisaillement en petites deformations (Go) de ce sol. La première série comprenait des essais de compression triaxiaux réalisés sur des échantillons saturés et des essais de compression triaxiale avec succion contrôlée sur des échantillons non saturés, qui ont été cisaillés en teneur en eau constante. Les essais de la deuxième série ont servi à mesurer le Go d'échantillons sous succion constante en utilisant la technique des bender éléments. Les résultats obtenus ont permis l’observation de la succion pendant le cisaillement du sol. Ils ont aussi permis d’observer l'influence de la succion et de la contrainte de confinement sur la résistance au cisaillement et le module de cisaillement du sol testé. Une enveloppe de rupture plane pourrait bien représenter les données expérimentales de résistance au cisaillement. L’influence de la contrainte de confinement sur le module de cisaillement diminue avec l’augmentation de la succion. Le module de cisaillement a tendance à augmenter de façon non linéaire avec succion, semblant atteindre une valeur asymptotique.
Food biodiversity for healthy , diverse diets Food

> Food biodiversity – the diversity of plants, animals and other organisms used for food, both cultivated and from the wild – is a critical element in response to global malnutrition, and it supports sustainable food systems. > Food biodiversity reaches consumers through two principal pathways: (1) consumption via own production or gathering from the wild and (2) purchase of wild or cultivated species. > The nutrient content between different species, or different varieties or breeds of the same species, can vary a thousandfold. This information can be used to maximize the nutritional adequacy of diets. > Improved availability, accessibility, affordability and acceptability of food biodiversity are key factors for achieving better diets. Food biodiversity for healthy, diverse diets
on Studies in English Language and Literature ( IJSELL ) The Impacts of Listening Strategy Instruction on Strategy Use and Listening Performance of EFL Learners

©ARC Page | 75 Abstract This study explored the impacts of listening strategy instruction on strategy use and listening performance of EFL learners. Two classes of Taiwanese college students participated in this study. One class received listening strategy instruction integrated into their EFL listening class for 16 weeks, whereas the other served as a comparison group attending the same listening class without any strategy instruction. The quantitative instruments were conducted to examine the differences in strategy use and listening performances from the pre-test to the post-teat between the experimental and control groups. In addition, the qualitative instruments of reflective journals were employed in the experimental group to explore learners’ strategy changes over time. The results showed that there were significantly positive changes in using listening strategies, in self-directed learning and in listening performance for the experimental group. This study implies thatlistening strategy instruction should be integrated in the EFL listening classroom to help learners become more effective listeners.
Effects of pulp and paper mill effluent disposal on soil characteristics in the vicinity of Uttaranchal Pulp and Paper Mill , Haridwar ( Uttarakhand ) , India

The present investigation was conducted to study the effects of pulp and paper mill effluent disposal on soil characteristics in the vicinity of Uttaranchal Pulp and Paper mill, Haridwar (Uttarakhand), India. The results showed that the values of TS (1372.75 mg L -1 ), TDS (1008.50 mg L -1 ), TSS (364.25 mg L -1 ), BOD (1226.50 mg L -1 ), COD (2832.50 mg L -1 ), SO4 2(678.00 mg L -1 ), Cu (1.37 mg L -1 ), Cd (0.221 mg L -1 ), Pb (0.06 mg L -1 ) and Zn (0.38 mg L -1 ) were found beyond the prescribed limit of BIS standards for drinking water. Moreover the values of TSS, BOD, COD, Cd, Cr and Cu were noted above the prescribed limit of BIS standards for irrigation water. The disposal of paper mill effluent showed significant (P<0.05) changes in soil characteristics. The soil parameters namely: moisture content (10.19%) and WHC (11.48%) were decreased, while pH (2.75%), EC (126.08%), Cl (46.35%), OC (38.70%), Na + (66.44%), K + (24.03%), Ca 2+
Ethical Dilemmas for Human Resource Professionals in Handling Sexual Harassment at Workplaces: Cases from Sri Lanka

The aim of this article is to explore the ethical dilemmas faced by Human Resource (HR) professionals when handling sexual harassment in organizations, using a multidimensional framework suggested by Kevin Wooten for studying Human Resource Management (HRM) ethics. Employing a qualitative research approach, HR professionals of 10 Sri Lankan companies operating in different industries were selected for the study using a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and documents. The nature of ethical dilemmas faced by HR professionals (such as misrepresentation and collussion, misuse of data , manipulation and collusion, value and goals conflict and technical ineptness), when handling sexual harassment in organizations within an HRM environment, which is greatly influenced by the legislative/regulatory climate, demographic trends and social climate with organizational, personal and professional ethics overlapping and intersecting in different ways and instances, was revealed . The main areas under sexual harassment that give rise to these ethical dilemmas were identified as; 1) handling complaints without proper evidence and failing to ensure the truthfulness of data 2) handling complaints against key persons, 3) managing tempting behaviours at workplaces in order to prevent sexual harassment occurrences, 4) unawareness about the issue of sexual harassment at workplaces, and 5) the inability to ensure complete confidentiality. Further, the study also explores environmental influences and other competing ethical considerations which influence the occurrence of these ethical dilemmas.
Cu-Al-Mn Super-elastic Alloy Bars as Dissipative Brace System in Structural Steel Frame

This paper investigates the applicability of Cu-Al-Mn super-elastic alloy (SEA) bar as a damping brace system in structural steel frame by performing shaking table tests. The problem with conventional steel brace system lies in its inability to restrain residual deformations in structures during and after intense earthquakes. The use of Cu-Al-Mn SEA bars as dissipative device is facilitated by its large recovery strain, low material cost and easier machinability. The experimental program involves an idealized one-third scaled one-bay one-storey steel frame system with crossed dissipative braces provided. For comparison purpose, two types of brace systems are used, steel brace system and Cu-Al-Mn SEA brace system. Conventional steel bracing system under high level of base excitation showed substantial residual drifts resulting in instability of the whole framed structure. On the other hand, SEA bracing with its recentering capability showed no residual deformations even under intense base excitations.
The use of suggestive influences in promoting environmental behaviours

The use of suggestive images and texts in promoting responsibility towards the environment is a frequent practice. We tested the influence of different types of suggestions on the environmental behaviour intention on a group of students. We understood these influences in the light of the dual behaviour models. The suggestive influences did not disclose a significant difference from a control group. The results suggest that there is no automatism related to the environmental responsibility, the behaviour being conditioned by the display of certain pro-environmental values by the subjects.
The Effect of Discovery Learning Model to Students ’ Mathematical Concept Mastery

This study aims to determine the effect of the discovery learning model to students’s mathematical concepts mastery seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 5 Siborongborong academic year 2013/2014. Based on a sample population and L0 <Ltable and the students’s mathematical concepts mastery L0 <Ltable at a significance level of 5% with N = 30, so that it can be concluded that the data were normally distributed. Results of regression linearity test obtained Fcount = 1.29 and Ftable = 2.55 with dk (k-2) = 6, so that Fcount <Ftable, so that there is a linear relationship between the shape of the discovery learning model to students’s mathematical concepts mastery at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that there are significant correlation linear and mean time between discovery learning model to students’s mathematical concepts mastery, with correlation coefficient rxy at 0.4442. The coefficient of determination r of 0.2. From these data indicated that there is positive and significant between discovery learning model to students’s mathematical concepts mastery seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 5 Siborongborong.
September 2018 Increasing Differences Between Firms : Market Power and the MacroEconomy

A rich understanding of macro-economic outcomes requires taking into account the large (and increasing) differences between firms. These differences stem in large part from heterogeneous productivity rooted in managerial and technological capabilities that do not transfer easily between firms. In recent decades the differences between firms in terms of their relative sales, productivity and wages appear to have increased in the US and many other industrialized countries. Higher sales concentration and apparent increases in aggregate markups have led to the concern that product market power has risen substantially which is a potential explanation for the falling labor share of GDP, sluggish productivity growth and other indicators of declining business dynamism. I suggest that this conclusion is premature. Many of the patterns are consistent with a more nuanced view where many industries have become “winner take most/all” due to globalization and new technologies rather than a generalized weakening of competition due to relaxed anti-trust rules or rising regulation.
Empirical scaling analysis of jet control using unsteady minijet

This work presents the active control of a turbulent axisymmetric jet using single unsteady minijet. The forcing parameters include the ratio fe/f0 of the minijet excitation frequency fe to the main jet preferred-mode frequency f0, duty cycle (α) the fraction of time the minijet is “on” during each pulsation cycle, the mass flow rate ratio Cm of the minijet to the main jet, and the exit diameter ratio d/D of the minijet to main jet. The jet centerline velocity decay rate K is used to evaluate jet entrainment rate, given by an equation of K = (? ̅? e – ? ̅? 5D)/ ? ̅? e, where Ue and U5D denote the jet centerline mean velocities at x* = x/D = 0 and 5, respectively. Extensive hotwire measurements were performed in the injection, orthogonal non-injection planes of the perturbed jets.
A Teaching Guideline for Work-Integrated E-Learning : Design Challenges of Online Courses in Production Technology

Due to the increasing requirements for continuous competence development in the manufacturing industry, workplace training and e-learning combined builds a new education platform. Such initiatives and educational models have increasingly been studied as work-integrated e-learning focusing on how organizations are trying to increasingly incorporate higher education at the work place, and how higher education can benefit from close cooperation with organizations. This thesis work investigate challenges among experienced higher education teachers who are going to design and implement course modules as a work-integrated e-learning initiative based on demands from several manufacturing industries in West Sweden. During the project, the required 20-40 course credits (ECTS) will be divided into smaller course modules, consisting of about 2-5 credits in order to meet demands of flexibility and time sensitiveness from participating manufacturing companies. As it is a cooperative project, the course modules could be tailored according to different requirements from the companies. The course modules are focusing on industrial automation, flexible and virtual automation, robotics, simulation based manufacturing, production systems and precision engineering among other fields within production technology. The research method is abduction with qualitative research, and the empirical data is collected through interviews. Through an abductive approach teachers subjective experiences were analyzed in accordance to how they expressed their challenges in relation to how to design courses with flexible pedagogical set ups, incorporating course content and what digital technology best matched these aspects. Based on these analyses, the design guideline was constructed in relation to the analysis and to previous research of collaborative learning and engineering education. The guideline for engineering teaching in production technology suggests a new pedagogical approach of work-integrated e-learning. The guideline is expected to help teachers to design and implement work-integrated e-learning course modules in the production technology field. As a result, the outcome of the guideline could contribute to the development of work-integrated e-learning as a more effective learning approach for competence development for engineering teachers.