Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Carbamazepine on the serum level of Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone

Background: The thyroid gland is endocrine gland located in front and lower side of neck. Thyroid gland secretes two types of thyroid hormones that are triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4). The hypothalamus is a center for regulation of thyroid hormones. It senses the low hormone levels and in turn releases thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH stimulates anterior pituitary to release TSH which then acts on the thyroid gland to maintain normal level of T3 and T4. The objective of study is to determine the effects of carbamazepine on TRH in euthyroid rabbits.Methods: An experimental study performed on 30 rabbits. These were divided into three groups having 10 rabbits in each group. 10 rabbits were treated with 10mg/kg/day of CBZ (OD), other 10 with 35mg/kg/day CBZ (three divided doses) and 10 rabbits served as control. T3, FT4, TSH and TRH levels were evaluated at baseline and after 21 days of treatment in all three groups by Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay and ELISA respectively.Results: Comparison of the hormone levels of the group and the group having a dose of 10 mg/kg/day 21 days of treatment. Comparative results showed serum level of T3 (P=0.031), FT4 (P=0.030), and TRH (P=0.044) levels significantly lower than the control group and TSH (P=0.057) levels remain unaltered. It was also found that group having a dose of 35 mg/kg/day; TDS showed decrease in T3 (P value 0.001), FT4 (P=0.001), TSH (P=0.003) and TRH (P=0.001) level as compared to control group.Conclusions: Our data suggest that Carbamazepine monotherapy does alter thyroid hormones and its central regulatory hormone TRH. Decrease in TRH level increase level of depression and suicidal thoughts and also risk of tertiary hypothyroidism. These findings could have very important clinical implications.
Steady-State Energetic and Exergetic Performances of Single-Phase Natural Circulation Loop With Hybrid Nanofluids

Energy and exergy performances of natural circulation loop (NCL) with various water-based hybrid nanofluids (Al2O3 + TiO2, Al2O3 + CNT, Al2O3 + Ag, Al2O3 + Cu, Al2O3 + CuO, Al2O3 + graphene) with 1% volumetric concentration are compared in this study. New thermophysical property models have been proposed for hybrid nanofluids with different particle shapes and mixture ratio. Effects of power input, loop diameter, loop height, loop inclination and heater/cooler inclination on steady-state mass flow rate, effectiveness, and entropy generation are discussed as well. Results show that both the steady-state mass flow rate and energy–exergy performance are enhanced by using the hybrid nanofluids, except Al2O3 + graphene, which shows the performance decrement within the studied power range. Al2O3 + Ag hybrid nanofluid shows highest enhancement in mass flow rate of 4.8% compared to water. The shape of nanoparticle has shown a significant effect on steady-state performance; hybrid nanofluid having cylindrical and platelet shape nanoparticles yields lower mass flow rate than that of spherical shape. Mass flow rate increases with the increasing loop diameter and height, whereas decreases with the increasing loop and heater/cooler inclinations. Both effectiveness and entropy generation increase with the decreasing loop diameter and height, whereas increasing the loop and heater/cooler inclinations. This study reveals that the particle shape has a significant effect on the performance of hybrid nanofluids in NCL, and the use of hybrid nanofluid is more effective for higher power.
DROUGHT EFFECTS ON MULTI-SCALE WATER USE AND ECOSYSTEM CARBON EXCHANGE IN A DESERT ECOSYSTEM

i Chapter 1 General introduction . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 State of the art. 3 1.3 Study site and objectives . 8 1.3. 1 Study site . 8 1.3. 2 Study objectives. 10 Chapter 2 Drought effect on water use and stomatal conductance at leaf, branch and individual scales . 12 2.
Model Risk and Disappointment Aversion

Extensions of utility functions sensitive to the tail behavior of the portfolio return distribution may not be approximated reliably through higher-order moment expansions and require specifying a complete distribution. This, however, implies that an optimal allocation can be adversely influenced by an incorrect distribution specification. We develop a novel approach for model risk assessment based on a projection method which is applied to portfolio construction. In an out-of-sample empirical study, we find that the marginal utility gains of the optimal portfolio of a generalized disappointment aversion investor are remarkably robust to misspecifications in the marginal distributions but are very sensitive to the structural assumption of stock returns implemented through a factor model.
Recovering low-rank matrices from binary measurements

This article studies the approximate recovery of low-rank matrices acquired through binary measurements. Two types of recovery algorithms are considered, one based on hard singular value thresholding and the other one based on semidefinite programming. In case no thresholds are introduced before binary quantization, it is first shown that the direction of the low-rank matrices can be well approximated. Then, in case nonadaptive thresholds are incorporated, it is shown that both the direction and the magnitude can be well approximated. Finally, by allowing the thresholds to be chosen adaptively, we exhibit a recovery procedure for which low-rank matrices are fully approximated with error decaying exponentially with the number of binary measurements. In all cases, the procedures are robust to prequantization error. The underlying arguments are essentially deterministic: they rely only on an unusual restricted isometry property of the measurement process, which is established once and for all for Gaussian measurement processes.
The Effect of a Hand Massage on the Physiological Changes Induced by Intravenous Line Insertion in Children Aged Three to Six: A Clinical Trial

Background: The insertion of intravenous (IV) line is one of the most painful procedures in pediatric wards, which can lead to complications such as changes in the physiological parameters of the patient. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a hand massage on controlling changes in the physiological parameters caused by inserting IV line in children. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in the Surgery Ward of a teaching pediatric hospital in Tabriz between 2016 and 2017. A totalof 70qualiﬁedchildrenwereenrolledandrandomlyassignedtotheexperimentalandcontrolgroups. Theexperimentalgroup underwentmassagetherapyﬁveminutesbeforevenipunctureuntilitwascompleted. Physiologicalresponsesof bothgroupswere measured and recorded before and immediately after the intervention. Eventually, the data were analyzed in SPSS version 24 using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and analytical (independent and paired t -tests) statistics. Results: The results of statistical analysis revealed that the increase in heart rate in response to the pain caused by venipuncture is signiﬁcantly lower in the massage group than in the control group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: A hand massage is an easy, inexpensive, and practical technique that could be administered along with other pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical methods to control physiological responses of pain due to IV line insertion in children.
Mathematical Description of Trifluralin Degradation in Soil

Degradation of trifluralin in four soils, each represented at four sites, under field conditions was determined quantitatively and described mathematically. A biexponential equation that resulted from integration of first-order and second-order differential rate equations described degradation data better than the first-order kinetic model for 15 of 25 soil-site combinations. Biexponential model regression coefficients indicated extent of degradation and that degradation is rapid at initially high trifluralin concentrations but slows as concentration decreases. The first-order kinetic model initially underestimated but ultimately overestimated degradation of trifluralin, thereby inferring that a first-order half-life is inadequate for predicting trifluralin persistence.
Transcriptome-wide analysis reveals candidate genes responsible for the asymmetric pigment pattern in scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis is an economically important marine bivalve species in aquaculture and fishery in Asian countries. The colors of the left and right shells are obviously distinct, typically having reddish-brown for the left and white for the right. This left-right asymmetric pigment pattern is a very unique phenomenon among invertebrates, whereas the molecular mechanisms that control regional differences in pigmentation are not clear. To better understand the left-right asymmetric pigment pattern, we apply Illumina digital gene expression (DGE) to characterize the gene expression profiles in left and right mantle tissues, and identify five differentially expressed genes, including Cytochrome P450 and other four unknown genes. Among the five genes, one gene shows significantly higher expression in the right mantle, while other four exhibit significantly higher expression in the left mantle. We further validate the DGE results by using quantitative real-time PCR for P450, resulting in approximately 32-fold higher expression in the left mantle than that in the right mantle. These findings will not only help assist our understanding of the sophisticated processes of shell pigmentation in scallops, but also provide new insights into the adaptive evolution of phenotypes to maximize survival that underlie the left-right asymmetric pigment pattern in molluscs.
Under-Diversification and the Size Effect

Asness et. al. (2018) recently resurrect the size effect, concluding that it “…should be restored as one of the central cross-sectional empirical anomalies for asset pricing theory to explain”. We suggest a theoretical explanation for the size effect, based on the observation that many investors hold only a small number of stocks in their portfolios. Mean-variance investors require compensation for a stock’s marginal contribution to their portfolio’s variance, i.e. for the stock’s “beta” relative to the portfolio. The role of a stock’s own variance in “beta” is approximately proportional to the stock’s weight in the portfolio. It is therefore negligible in the CAPM, where all weights are very small, but can be substantial if only a small number of stocks are held in the portfolio. As small stocks tend to have higher variances, they command higher expected returns than predicted by their CAPM betas. Thus, the size effect is theoretically justified as a risk-premium and is therefore here to stay. We empirically estimate the magnitude of the under-diversification induced size effect, and show that it can fully explain the size anomaly.
Plastic behaviour and deformation mechanisms in silicon nano-objects

Physical properties of nano-objects differ from what they are in bulk materials when the size decreases down to the nanometre scale. This behavioural change, named size effect, also applies to mechanical properties and has been evidenced in various materials. For instance, at low temperature, bulk silicon is known to be a brittle material while silicon nano-objects exhibit a ductile behavior. Although mechanical properties of silicon have been intensively studied over the last decades, the origin of this remarkable brittle-to-ductile transition at small scales remains, however, undetermined. In this article, a study of the plastic behaviour of nano-pillars is reported. The main results obtained from the combination of numerical calculations and experimental compression tests followed by atomically-resolved transmission electron microscopy imaging are described. We discuss the possibility for perfect dislocations to dissociate at low temperature and the underrated role of shuffle partial dislocations in plastic deformation of silicon. The formation of unexpected extended defects in the {115} planes with increasing plastic strain, also appears as a key-factor leading to the transition between ductile and brittle regimes at small scales.
Optimizing the use of pre-emergent herbicides in wheat production, under conservation agriculture practices in the South-Western Cape Region

Field experiments were conducted at Langgewens and Tygerhoek Research Farms in 2016 where residue cover was manipulated in three different residue cover treatments, viz. high, medium and low. After sowing of wheat, pyroxasulfone (Sakura ® ) was applied at dosage rate/application rate combinations of 125 g ha -1 in 200 L H2O ha -1 , 125 g ha -1 in 400 L H2O ha -1 , 187.5 g ha -1 in 200 L H2O ha -1 and 187.5 g ha -1 in 400 L H2O ha -1 . A control treatment with no herbicides applied was also included resulting in five herbicide treatments. Split-plots were arranged in a completely randomized block design replicated four times. Herbicide treatments formed the main plots with residue cover forming the split plot treatments. Weed and crop count was made at seven weeks after planting (WAP) and at anthesis. Vegetative growth parameters were determined at anthesis. Yield components were determined just before harvesting. After harvesting; yield, thousand kernel mass and hectolitre mass were determined. Increasing the dosage rate from 125 g ha -1 to 187.5 g ha -1 improved the efficacy of pyroxasulfone, across all residue covers. The doubling of recommended application rate to 400 L ha -1 improved the efficacy when it was applied on an increased residue cover in some limited instances but overall it was the increase in registered dosage rate that consistently improved pyroxasulfone’s efficacy across all levels of residue covers.
Opening a turtle graveyard: Size distribution of dead individuals of Phrynops geoffroanus (Pleurodira, Chelidae)

Aquatic animals, such as freshwater turtles, are much dependent on the water bodies where they live. Here we describe the size distribution of a population of Phrynopsgeoffroanus complex that died after the total drought of the artificial water reservoir where it lived in Caatinga. Amongst the 438 animals we found dead in the Cedro water reservoir, we measured the maximum carapace length of 72 individuals. The population was mainly composed of adult individuals and dead turtles measured in areas that kept water for longer were larger than animals from areas that dried up early.
the U.S

We answer the question posed by the title by specifying and estimating a simple dynamic model of prices, wages, and short-run and long-run inflation expectations. The estimated model allows us to analyze the direct and indirect effects of product-market and labor-market shocks on prices and nominal wages and to quantify the sources of U.S. pandemic-era inflation and wage growth. We find that, contrary to early concerns that inflation would be spurred by overheated labor markets, most of the inflation surge that began in 2021 was the result of shocks to prices given wages, including sharp increases in commodity prices and sectoral shortages. However, although tight labor markets have thus far not been the primary driver of inflation, the effects of overheated labor markets on nominal wage growth and inflation are more persistent than the effects of product-market shocks. Controlling inflation will thus ultimately require achieving a better balance between labor demand and labor supply.
Ocorrência de animais com anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. na região de Uberlândia, MG, 2011-2014

A Leptospirose é uma doença cosmopolita de grande relevância para a Medicina Veterinária por ocorrer em diversas espécies domesticas e silvestres, podendo causar prejuízos nos setores produtivos e preocupações para a saúde pública. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a frequência de bovinos, bubalinos, caninos selvagens, caninos, caprinos, equinos, felinos, ovinos, roedores e suínos sororeagentes ao teste para leptospirose e quais sorogrupos foram mais prevalentes. Para tal, foram compilados os resultados dos exames de leptospirose obtidos pelo teste de Soroaglutinação Microscópica realizados no Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, entre os anos de 2011 a 2014. A espécie que apresentou maiores índices de soropositividade foi a bovina, o sorogrupo mais prevalente foi o Sejroe.
Comparison of odor responses of homologous medial and lateral glomeruli mapped in the olfactory bulb of the mouse

Olfactory sensory neurons expressing same-type odorant receptors typically project to a pair of glomeruli in the medial and lateral sides of the olfactory bulbs (OBs) in rodents. However, their functional properties remain unclear, because the majority of medial glomeruli are hidden in the septal OB. Recently, trace amine-associated odorant receptors were identified that project to a pair of glomeruli uniquely located in the dorsal OB. We measured the odorant-induced calcium responses of these glomeruli simultaneously and found that they exhibited similar temporal response patterns. However, the medial glomeruli had significantly larger respiration-locked calcium fluctuations than the lateral glomeruli. This trend was observed with/without odorant stimulation in postsynaptic neurons but not in presynaptic sensory axon terminals. This indicates that the medial rather than the lateral OB map enhances the respiration-locked rhythm and transfers this information to higher brain centers. Impact Statement This study used in vivo calcium imaging to document the odor-evoked responses in paired glomeruli, demonstrating that activation in medial glomeruli more strongly impacts respiratory-linked odor processing.
Standing out and Giving back : Entrepreneurial Orientation and Philanthropy 22 Standing out and Giving back : Entrepreneurial Orientation and Philanthropy 23

About the authors Acknowledgments We are grateful to anonymous referees and participants of the Babson College BCERC and the Academy of Management (Entrepreneurship Division) conferences for helpful comments. We also acknowledge financial support by the European Commission: AIGIS project, Grant Agreement no. 225134 as well as SELUSI project FP7-SSH-2007-1, Grant Agreement no. 217622. Stan Mickiewicz provided valuable assistance. Prof. Tomasz M. Mickiewicz is Associate Researcher at the Centre for Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Regional Development at Ventspils University College (Latvia), and Professor of Economics at Aston Business School, Aston University (U.K.). Tomasz holds a habilitation degree in economics from Marie Curie University, and a Ph.D. and an MA from the Catholic University of Lublin. His research is focused on the role of institutions, institutional change, and reforms as factors affecting entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial entry, performance of companies, and socio-economic outcomes. E-mail: t.mickiewicz@aston.ac. uk
The intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic inequality through school and neighborhood processes

ABSTRACT Both the prevalence and the repercussions of economic inequality have grown, heightening the need to delineate processes through which inequality is passed to the next generation. Assessing a nationally representative sample followed from adolescence through early adulthood (Add Health; N = 18,230), we tested a conceptual model hypothesizing that neighborhood and school resources, social norms, and stress would serve as mediating processes linking family socioeconomic resources with young adult education, employment, and earnings. Multilevel structural equation models suggest that family socioeconomic resources promote young adult educational and employment success in large part through adolescents’ access to socioeconomically advantaged classmates and school social norms supportive of educational success. Neighborhood socioeconomic resources were a less consistent mediator between family resources and early adult socioeconomic success, whereas neighborhood norms and school and neighborhood stress did not serve as significant mediating processes. Results highlight the role of school (and to a lesser extent, neighborhood) contexts in the intergenerational transmission of inequality.
AN EVALUATION OF CHALLENGES TO EFFECTIVE PARENTAL PARTICIPATION IN TEENAGE MOTHERS’ SECONDARY EDUCATION IN SUB-COUNTY PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN WARENG’ SUB-COUNTY, UASIN GISHU COUNTY, KENYA

v TABLE OF CONTENTS . ix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background of the study . 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem . 4 1.3 Purpose of the Study . 5 1.4 Specific Objectives of the Study . 5 1.5 Research Questions . 6 1.6 Significance of the Study . 6 1.8 Limitations of the Study . 7 1.9 Assumptions of the Study . 7 1.10 Theoretical Framework . 7 1.10. 1 Self-Efficacy Theory (SET) . 7 1.10. 2 The Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler (1997) Model of Parental Involvement . 9 1.11 Operational Definition of Terms . 11 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 12 2.
The Effectiveness of Selective Stem Cell Placement on Gait Performance in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: a Phase I Clinical Trial

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and oftentimes disabling disease of the central nervous system. It affects almost 1 million people living in the United States and about 2.5 million people globally. Though the cause is not fully understood, MS occurs through an inflammatory process in the brain. This inflammation results in the destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding the nerves that enable conduction of nerve impulses within the brain and spinal cord. To overcome symptoms, MS patients are usually prescribed disease modifying drug therapies or immunosuppressive drugs for prolonged periods resulting in only temporary clinical improvement. In a large subset of patients, disease progression is measured by the continuing deterioration of physical ability. One of the most reliable measures of disease progression in MS is gait performance. Previous studies have demonstrated that clinically significant gait deviations occur at all stages of MS that involve walking. This report describes a Phase I clinical trial of a novel targeted delivery technique, selectively placing autologous bone marrow mononuclear stem cells into the central vein of multiple sclerosis patients, with post-operative functional changes measured by gait performance. To determine the functional benefit of selective stem cell placement, the timed 25-foot walk was administered to 31 MS patients before and after therapy. The time and number of steps taken to complete the test significantly decreased post-intervention. Currently, disease-modifying and immunosuppressive drugs are the only approved treatments for MS. Comparative trials between disease-modifying and immunosuppressive drugs measure benefit as a slowing of multiple sclerosis manifestations, not an improvement. This trial demonstrated an immediate global improvement in the level of disability as measured by the timed 25-foot walk. This suggests that recovery of function in MS patients is possible. Where pharmaceutical agents only mitigate symptoms and potentially slow disease progression, selective stem cell placement of autologous bone marrow mononuclear stem cells should be considered as a possible treatment for MS due to measured improvement in post-therapy functional ability. Further research is required to validate our findings.