Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selective Vulnerability of the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert Among Neuropathologic Subtypes of Alzheimer Disease

Key Points Question Does the objective classification of neuropathologic subtypes of Alzheimer disease underlie variability in the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and loss of neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert? Findings This cross-sectional study of 1464 human brains found the fewest neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in hippocampal sparing Alzheimer disease and greater accumulation of neurofibrillary tangle pathology, twice that observed in limbic predominant Alzheimer disease. Younger age at onset of cognitive symptoms was associated with greater accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles in hippocampal sparing and typical but not limbic predominant Alzheimer disease. Meaning These results help to characterize differential involvement of the nucleus basalis of Meynert among neuropathologic Alzheimer disease subtypes, which may contribute to the differential benefit of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment, especially in patients with young-onset Alzheimer disease.
Effect of low frequency magnetic field on efficiency of chromosome break repair

ABSTRACT DNA repair is essential to maintain genome integrity. There is scientific evidence that exposure to magnetic fields (MF) can produce alterations in DNA repair without clear conclusions. This work aims to study the cellular response to and repair of a very deleterious type of DNA damage, the DNA double strand break (DSB), in S. cerevisiae, under MF exposure. In S. cerevisiae cells, pairs of DSB were induced enzymatically by HO endonuclease by plating the cells on Galactose-containing media. The repair processes took place under exposure to a 50Hz, 2.45mT sinusoidal MF during 21 days. MF was generated by a pair of Helmholtz coils. MF induced 1.29- and 1.5-fold increase in the number of colonies grown at day 21 of exposure in relation to untreated controls for Pho91 and Rmd5 strain, respectively. In relation to the kinetics of DSB repair during MF exposure, a higher increase (55.56-fold) in DNA reparation was observed at day 15 for Rmd5 strain in relation to the slight increment (1.18-fold) found for Pho91 strain. The results suggest that long-term MF exposure could increase the DNA repair activity and there may be a relationship between the position of the DSB and the distance to the centromere.
Accurate assessment of functional abilities in pre-schoolers for diagnostic and funding purposes: A comparison of the Vineland-3 and the PEDI-CAT.

AIM Assessment of functional abilities is an essential component in the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders in young children. Functional abilities, assessed using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adapted Test (PEDI-CAT), are used to determine eligibility for early intervention funded under the National Disability Insurance Scheme in Australia (NDIS). This study aims to compare the use of the PEDI-CAT with the Vineland-3, a comprehensive parent interview for the determination of support needs, diagnosis, and eligibility for funding. METHOD Seventy-five preschool aged children referred for formal diagnosis were assessed with the Vineland-3, and subscale scores reviewed for clinical judgement. These children were also assessed on the PEDI-CAT speedy version and the results on the two tests compared. RESULTS The PEDI-CAT was less sensitive than the Vineland-3 to the functional difficulties being experienced in this population of preschool aged children. The Vineland-3 had floor effects on some scales and deficits masked by skills in other areas in the same domain, but standard subscale scores allowed skills and areas needing support to be defined. Overall 25% of children clinically in need of support were not identified on the Pedi-cat compared to only 4% using Vineland Domain scores and 3% using Vineland-3 subscale scores. The PEDI-CAT also identified significantly lower levels of support required with only 32% of children found to need very substantial support compared to 40% of children on the Vineland Domain scores, and 59% using subscale scores. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, the Vineland-3 comprehensive interview interpreted using subscale scores as well as domain scores is more sensitive than the PEDI-CAT in identifying young children in need of support as well as the areas and degree of support required.
The reality of at risk mental state services: a response to recent criticisms

Abstract Background In the 1990s criteria were developed to detect individuals at high and imminent risk of developing a psychotic disorder. These are known as the at risk mental state, ultra high risk or clinical high risk criteria. Individuals meeting these criteria are symptomatic and help-seeking. Services for such individuals are now found worldwide. Recently Psychological Medicine published two articles that criticise these services and suggest that they should be dismantled or restructured. One paper also provides recommendations on how ARMS services should be operate. Methods In this paper we draw on the existing literature in the field and present the perspective of some ARMS clinicians and researchers. Results Many of the critics' arguments are refuted. Most of the recommendations included in the Moritz et al. paper are already occurring. Conclusions ARMS services provide management of current problems, treatment to reduce risk of onset of psychotic disorder and monitoring of mental state, including attenuated psychotic symptoms. These symptoms are associated with a range of poor outcomes. It is important to assess them and track their trajectory over time. A new approach to detection of ARMS individuals can be considered that harnesses broad youth mental health services, such as headspace in Australia, Jigsaw in Ireland and ACCESS Open Minds in Canada. Attention should also be paid to the physical health of ARMS individuals. Far from needing to be dismantled we feel that the ARMS approach has much to offer to improve the health of young people.
Isoindoline‐Based Nitroxides as Bioresistant Spin Labels for Protein Labeling through Cysteines and Alkyne‐Bearing Noncanonical Amino Acids

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in combination with site‐directed spin labeling (SDSL) is a powerful tool in protein structural research. Nitroxides are highly suitable spin labeling reagents, but suffer from limited stability, particularly in the cellular environment. Herein we present the synthesis of a maleimide‐ and an azide‐modified tetraethyl‐shielded isoindoline‐based nitroxide (M‐ and Az‐TEIO) for labeling of cysteines or the noncanonical amino acid para‐ethynyl‐l‐phenylalanine (pENF). We demonstrate the high stability of TEIO site‐specifically attached to the protein thioredoxin (TRX) against reduction in prokaryotic and eukaryotic environments, and conduct double electron–electron resonance (DEER) measurements. We further generate a rotamer library for the new residue pENF‐Az‐TEIO that affords a distance distribution that is in agreement with the measured distribution.
Suggestions for radiation oncologists to overcome radiotherapy interruption in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer.

In this issue of Radiotherapy and Oncology , Yao and colleagues report the results of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) interruption in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on big-data intelligence platform analysis including 7,826 patients (1). They showed that increasing radiotherapy (RT) interruption to 7 or more days was significantly negative for survival.
Spielerallokation und Spielerentlohnung im professionellen Team-Sport. Betriebswirtschaftliche Analysen und Empfehlungen für das Vereinsmanagement

Obgleich der Kontrolle und Koordination des Inputfaktors „Arbeit“ im Hinblick auf die sportliche Performance professioneller Teams eine erhebliche strategische Bedeutung zukommt, hat sich die (sport-)okonomische Forschung diesem Thema bislang allenfalls am Rande gewidmet. Dabei ist eine detaillierte Wirkungsanalyse insbesondere der Rekrutierungspraktiken (aber auch der Entlohnungssysteme und -verfahren) unverzichtbar, um jene Strategien identifizieren zu konnen, die unter bestimmten – d.h. angebbaren – Bedingungen Erfolg versprechen.
A single Thaumarchaeon drives nitrification in deep oligotrophic Lake Constance.

Ammonia released during organic matter mineralization is converted during nitrification to nitrate. We followed spatiotemporal dynamics of the nitrifying microbial community in deep oligotrophic Lake Constance. Depth-dependent decrease of total ammonium (0.01-0.84 μM) indicated the hypolimnion as the major place of nitrification with 15 N-isotope dilution measurements indicating a 3-fold daily turnover of hypolimnetic total ammonium. This was mirrored by a strong increase of ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeota towards the hypolimnion (13-21% of bacterioplankton) throughout spring to autumn as revealed by amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were typically two orders of magnitude less abundant and completely ammonia-oxidizing (comammox) bacteria were not detected. Both, 16S rRNA gene and amoA (encoding ammonia monooxygenase subunit B) analyses identified only one major species-level operational taxonomic unit (OTU) of Thaumarchaeota (99% of all ammonia oxidizers in the hypolimnion), which was affiliated to Nitrosopumilus spp. The relative abundance distribution of the single Thaumarchaeon strongly correlated to an equally abundant Chloroflexi clade CL500-11 OTU and a Nitrospira OTU that was one order of magnitude less abundant. The latter dominated among recognized nitrite oxidizers. This extremely low diversity of nitrifiers shows how vulnerable the ecosystem process of nitrification may be in Lake Constance as Central Europe's third largest lake. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITION IN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS IN SISTAN AND BALUCHESTAN PROVINCE, IRAN

Article history: Received: 15 Feb 2013 Accepted: 6 Mar 2013 Available online: 2 Apr 2013 ZJRMS 2014 Aug; 16(8): 20-24 Background: The present study was conducted in rural area of Sistan and Baluchestan province, south-east of Iran with aim of determine the prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity among children. Materials and Methods: One thousand five hundred seventy Children were selected from all children less than 6 years covered by healthy and treatment centers of rural area in Sistan and Baluchestan province. Body weight and height were measured using standard methods. Determination of malnutrition performed based on WHO, National Center for Health Statistics and Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NCHS and CDC) standard. The indices nutritional status was assessed by ZScore. Results: The result showed that, based on NCHS and WHO standard: 21.1% and 19.4%, 28.2% and 32.1%, 7.5% and 9.4% of children were underweight, stunted and wasted respectively. The peak of malnutrition based on stunting was more than underweight and wasting. According to CDC standard, the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity was 27.8%, 4.2% and 4.1% respectively. The most rate of overweight and obesity was 7.1% and 5% in children aged 3 years using CDC cut-off and also lowest rate of overweight and obesity were 1.5% and 0% in children aged 5 years. Conclusion: This study revealed, underweight, stunting and wasting represents different processes of malnutrition which have different risk factors. However, it might be replaced by overweight as children grow to adolescence. Nevertheless, overweight and obesity are not major problem in the children. Copyright © 2014 Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Cardiac structure and function in response to a multi-stage marathon over 4486 km.

AIMS To investigate whether participation in the Trans Europe Foot Race 2009 (TEFR), an ultramarathon race held over 64 consecutive days and 4486 km, led to changes in cardiac structure and function. METHODS Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 20 of 67 participating runners (two women; mean ± SD age 47.8 ± 10.4 years) at three time points (baseline scan at 294 ± 135 km (B), scan two at 1735 ± 86 km (T1) and scan three at 3370 ± 90 km (T2)) during the TEFR. Imaging included an assessment of left ventricular structure (mass) and function (strain). In parallel, cardiac troponin I, NT-pro-BNP, myostatin and GDF11 were determined in venous blood samples. A subsample of ten runners returned for a follow-up scan eight months after the race. RESULTS Left ventricular mass increased significantly (B, 158.5 ± 23.8 g; T1, 165.1 ± 23.2 g; T2, 167 ± 24.6 g; p < 0.001) over the course of the race, although no significant change was seen in the remaining structural and functional parameters. Serum concentrations of cardiac troponin I and NT-proBNP significantly increased 1.5 - and 3.5-fold, respectively, during the first measurement interval, with no further increase thereafter (cardiac troponin I, 6.8 ± 3.1 (B), 16.9 ± 10.4 (T1) and 17.1 ± 9.7 (T2); NT-proBNP, 30.3 ± 22.8 (B), 135.9 ± 177.5 (T1) and 111.2 ± 87.3 (T2)), whereas the growth markers myostatin and GDF11 did not change. No association was observed with functional parameters, including the ejection fraction and the volume of both ventricles. The follow-up scans showed a reduction to baseline values (left ventricular mass 157 ± 19.3 g). CONCLUSIONS High exercise-induced cardiac volume load for >2 months in ultra-endurance runners results in a physiological structural adaptation with no sign of adverse cardiovascular remodelling.
Activity limitation and match load in para‐footballers with cerebral palsy: An approach for evidence‐based classification

Classification is a hot topic in Paralympic sport, making the development of evidence‐based and sport‐specific classification systems mandatory. However, the development of measurements for exploring the relationships between the athletes' impairment and their activity limitation is a considerable scientific challenge in team Paralympic sport such as 7‐side football (ie, CP Football). The aims of this study were 1) to describe the activity limitation and external match load (ML) differences among impairment profiles (FT) in international level footballers with cerebral palsy (CPFP) and 2) to analyze the relationship among the activity limitation and external ML variables. Forty‐eight international male CPFP (23 ± 7 y; 174.7 ± 7.2 cm; 69.4 ± 9.2 kg; 22.7 ± 2.6 kg·m−2) participated in this study and were divided according to their impairment profile (FT5/6, FT7, and FT8). Significant differences (P < .05) have been observed among FT profiles in the activity limitation tests (ie, static balance, coordination, vertical jump, horizontal jump, acceleration capacity, and change of direction ability). Additionally, significant differences have been observed among FT profiles in certain ML values (ie, Velmax, High Acc and in Mod and High Dec), where generally, FT8 players reported the best performance values. On the other hand, especially in the FT5/6 and in the FT8 profiles, a large‐to‐very large significant relationship was observed between the CPFP activity limitation and the ML values. In general, the results of the present study show that players with a lower impairment have less activity limitation and better ML. This study concludes that the potential relationships between the impairments of hypertonia, ataxia, or athetosis and performance in this para‐sport might be impairment‐specific.
Effects of stage I hypertension on the recovery of early postoperative attention network function in elderly patients undergoing elective hip or knee arthroplasty surgery

Background/aim Hypertension is an important risk factor for cognitive impairment. This study explored whether elderly patients with stage I hypertension (HPs) and normotensive patients (NPs) showed differences in the recovery of postoperative attention network function according to the attentional network test (ANT) performance. Materials and methods Of 110 patients screened, 25 HPs and 25 NPs completed this study. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was applied to all participants before the operation and the ANT (on days 2 and 7) after the operation. All participants completed 1 day preoperatively and the ANT on postoperative days (PODs) 2 and 7. Results Compared with NPs, HPs had significantly lower alerting network effect scores and more difficulty resolving conflict on POD 7. However, no significant difference was observed between the groups on POD 2. Orienting network performance was similar between the groups at all time points. Significant differences in alerting and executive control network performances were observed between PODs 2 and 7 in each group. Conclusion HPs showed selective cognitive impairment at different time points following elective hip or knee arthroplasty. Compared with NPs, during the first postoperative week, HPs were more likely to experience delayed recovery of alerting and executive control network function, but not orienting network function.
A family-centered prevention ameliorates the associations of low self-control during childhood with employment income and poverty status in young African American adults.

OBJECTIVE Children with low self-control who grow up in poverty are at elevated risk for living in poverty when they are adults. The purpose of this study was to further understanding of the intergenerational continuity of poverty by (a) examining the likelihood that children with low levels of self-control at age 11 earn less employment income and are more likely to live in poverty 14 years later, at age 25; and (b) determining, via a preventive intervention, whether enhancing supportive parenting during childhood will ameliorate these associations. METHODS Parents and their 11-year-old children from 381 families participated in the Strong African American Families (SAAF) program or a control condition. Teachers assessed children's self-control at 11 years; parents reported their use of supportive parenting when children were 11 and 13 years; emerging adults provided data on cognitive and emotional self-control at 19, 20, and 21 years; and young adults indicated their employment income at 25 years. RESULTS Significant two-way interactions were detected between children's self-control and prevention condition for employment income (b = -183.18, 95% CI [-363.82, -2.53], p < .05) and poverty status (b = 0.257, 95% CI [0.018, 0.497], p < .05). Low self-control at age 11 forecast less employment income and a greater likelihood of living in poverty among children in the control condition, but not among low self-control SAAF participants. Mediated moderation analyses confirmed that enhanced supportive parenting accounted for SAAF's effects on employment income (indirect effect = 63.057, 95% BCA [19.385, 124.748]) and poverty status (indirect effect = -0.071, 95% BCA [-0.165, -0.016]). CONCLUSIONS This study is unique in using a randomized controlled trial to show that preventive interventions designed to enhance parenting and strengthen families can buffer the long-term economic consequences of low self-control.
Texture analysis of sonographic muscle images can distinguish myopathic conditions.

Given the recent technological advent of muscle ultrasound (US), classification of various myopathic conditions could be possible, especially by mathematical analysis of muscular fine structure called texture analysis. We prospectively enrolled patients with three neuromuscular conditions and their lower leg US images were quantitatively analyzed by texture analysis and machine learning methodology in the following subjects : Inclusion body myositis (IBM) [N=11] ; myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) [N=19] ; polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM-DM) [N=21]. Although three-group analysis achieved up to 58.8% accuracy, two-group analysis of IBM plus PM-DM versus DM1 showed 78.4% accuracy. Despite the small number of subjects, texture analysis of muscle US followed by machine learning might be expected to be useful in identifying myopathic conditions. J. Med. Invest. 66 : 237-240, August, 2019.
Increased T Cell Plasticity With Dysregulation of Follicular Helper T, Peripheral Helper T, and Treg Cell Responses in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Down Syndrome–Associated Arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common inflammatory arthritis in children; however, an aggressive, erosive arthritis of little‐known immunologic mechanism occurs 20 times more frequently in children with Down syndrome. This study was undertaken to characterize T cell and B cell polyreactivity, follicular helper T (Tfh) cell, peripheral helper T (Tph) cell, and Treg cell responses, and synovial inflammation in Down syndrome–associated arthritis (DA).
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Does Not Lower Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, most studies used bare-metal stents or first-generation drug-eluting stents, and less guideline-directed therapy to reduce cardiovascular risk was reported in CKD patients. This study investigates the impact of moderate-CKD on patients undergoing PCI in the current era. Methods: Patient level data were pooled from 2 multicenter randomized trials (BIONICS and NIREUS trials) with a near “all-comers” design, comparing PCI with ridaforolimus-eluting stents vs. zotarolimus-eluting stents in patients with CAD. Patients were classified according to the presence or absence of moderate-CKD, defined as creatinine clearance (CrCl) <60 mL/min. We compared baseline characteristics, angiographic findings, and clinical outcomes 1-year post-PCI. Results: 236/2,201 (10.7%) patients had CKD, mean CrCl of 50.3 + 7.8 mL/min. These patients were generally older and more often with hypertension than non-CKD patients, but the use of guideline-directed therapy was similar between the groups. CKD was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death (hazard ratio [HR] 6.08; 95% CI 2.11–17.51; p < 0.001), but with a reduced occurrence of repeated revascularization, including ischemia-driven revascularization (HR 0.47; 95% CI 0.24–0.92; p < 0.05). The rate of repeated angiography per severe cardiovascular adverse event was significantly lower in the CKD than the non-CKD group (23/38 [61%] vs. 253/334 [76%], p < 0.05). Conclusions: Moderate-CKD in patients with CAD was associated with higher rates of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, yet with a lower risk of revascularization 1-year following PCI. Lack of guideline-directed medical therapy does not explain the adverse outcome of CKD patients.