Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The utility of an in vitro angiogenesis score for prognosis assessment in patients with cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIM Angiogenesis plays a key role in tumour growth and metastasis. Expression of angiogenic factors has been suggested as a marker for tumour malignity, and may help to assess a patient's individual prognosis. The present study examines the relationship between angiogenic factor expression, an angiogenesis-based histoscore and clinical tumour criteria. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 81 patients with cervical cancer who underwent follow-up examinations between October 2002, and June 2005, were enrolled, and serum samples were examined for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), endostatin and VEGF-Receptor1 by means of an ELISA. Based on an endothelial-cell proliferation assay, an angiogenesis score was calculated. RESULTS Higher endostatin and VEGF expressions indicated advanced disease, and VEGF allowed for a reliable distinction between patients with non-invasive and these with recurrent disease. There were some plausible correlations between the angiogenesis score and clinical criteria and individual angiogenic factors, but the score's discriminating power appears to be limited. CONCLUSION The utility of angiogenesis factor testing notwithstanding, the value of an angiogenesis score for the identification of patients with a worse prognosis, and thus a resulting benefit from more aggressive treatment, is arguable.
Optimal Contract to Induce Continued Effort

We consider a basic model of a risk-neutral principal incentivizing a risk-neutral agent to exert effort to raise the arrival rate of a Poisson process. The effort is costly to the agent, is unobservable to the principal, and affects the instantaneous arrival rate. Each arrival yields a constant revenue to the principal. The principal, therefore, devises a mechanism involving payments and a potential stopping time to motivate the agent to always exert effort. We formulate this problem as a stochastic optimal control model with an incentive constraint in continuous time over an infinite horizon. Although we allow payments to take general forms contingent on past arrival times, the optimal contract has a simple and intuitive structure, which depends on whether the agent is as patient as or less patient than the principal toward future income. This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, decision analysis.
Are dentists happy? A study among dental practitioners in coastal Andhra Pradesh using subjective happiness scale

Introduction: The role of dental professionals in the society is vital. This profession allows the flexibility to balance a professional and personal life. Practice of dentistry at times is quite stressful, and stress impedes happiness and subjective well-being. Several studies have reported about stress among dental professionals and their various effects; however, studies evaluating the level of happiness (happiness index) among dentists are few and lack in this geographic region. Objectives: The present study was conducted to assess the subjective happiness level among dental professionals. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 194 dentists in Andhra Pradesh, India. A questionnaire measuring dimensions of professional satisfaction by Subjective Happiness Scale was used to assess the happiness level. The results were expressed in percentages, means, and mean rank. Independent samples nonparametric tests (Mann–Whitney U-test and Kruskal–Wallis test) and multivariable analyses were used to assess the determinants of happiness. Results: The mean happiness index of the respondents was 21.71 (0.26 standard error). Overall 67% of the respondents had an above average happiness score. Higher happiness score was found to be significantly associated with age, postgraduate degree, male gender, type of professional attachment, duration of practice, urban location of practice, and spouse employment status in univariate analysis. However, multivariable analysis showed association with type of professional attachment only. Conclusion: Although dentistry has been recognized as a stressful profession, majority of the dentists under study had a happiness score above the mean, and the level of satisfaction was influenced by various sociodemographic factors.
MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF HYPOGLOSSAL CANAL OF OCCIPITAL BONE IN DRY SKULLS OF SOUTH INDIA

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Vinay Kumar. V, Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Pin-575018. Ph:+917795767676, E-Mail: dr7795767676@gmail.com. The hypoglossal nerve is the twelth cranial nerve cranial nerve XII which is a motor nerve supplying the muscles of tongue. At the skull base, it passes through the hypoglossal canal (HC). The HC has different shapes & dimensions. The knowledge about these dimensions of HC is very important for neurosurgeons & radiologists. The present study was done on 50 dry adult skulls. The length, diameter, distance of hypoglossal canal from occipital condyles were measured using a digital Vernier’s calipers. The parameters were measured separately on right & left side, tabulated & analysed statistically. The mean length of HC was 12.55mm. The mean diameter HC at its intracranial & extracranial end was 7.5 & 7.6mm respectively. The mean distance from intracranial end of HC to anterior & posterior end of occipital condyle was 12.7 & 12.9 mm respectively. The mean distance from intracranial end of HC to inferior end of occipital condyle was 11.98 & 12.32mm on right & left side respectively which was statistically significant. The study of morphometry of HC & its location is important to anatomists, anthropologists, forensic experts & clinicians
Characterization of Euphorbia characias Latex Amine Oxidase 1

A copper-containing amine oxidase from the latex of Euphorbia characiaswas purified to homogeneity and the copper-free enzyme obtained by a ligand-exchange procedure. The interactions of highly purified apo- and holoenzyme with several substrates, carbonyl reagents, and copper ligands were investigated by optical spectros- copy under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The extinction coefficients at 278 and 490 nm were determined as 3.78 3 10 5 M 2 1 cm 2 1 and 6000 M 2 1 cm 2 1 , respectively. Active-site titration of highly purified enzyme with substrates and carbonyl reagents showed the presence of one cofactor at each enzyme subunit. In anaerobiosis the native enzyme oxidized one equivalent substrate and released one equivalent aldehyde per enzyme subunit. The apoenzyme gave exactly the same 1:1:1 stoichiometry in anaerobiosis and in aerobiosis. These findings demonstrate unequivocally that copper-free amine oxidase can oxidize substrates with a single half-catalytic cycle. The DNA-derived protein sequence shows a characteristic hexapeptide present in most 6-hydroxydopa quinone-containing amine oxidases. This hexapeptide contains the tyrosinyl residue that can be modified into the cofactor 6-hydroxydopa quinone.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Infection among the Staff Nurses Working in Hemodialysis unit in Selected Hospitals in Chhattisgarh state, India

The effectiveness of structured teaching program was assessed based on the knowledge of staff nurses working in the hemodialysis unit regarding the prevention of infection. To compare the knowledge between control and experimental group used pretest and post test with the help of demographic variables and their association. Research approach used for the study was experimental approach & quasi experimental research design. The non probability purposive sampling technique was used and the statistical method applied for the study. The study was conducted in the selected hospital in Chhattisgarh state, India.
Effect of Sperm Preparation Techniques by Density Gradient on Intra-Individual Variation of Sperm Motility

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sperm preparation by density gradient on the intra-individual variation in sperm motility. Patients presenting for density gradient (DG) sperm preparation were analyzed retrospectively. Patients who had more than one preparation were included. The variation within each patient was studied using the coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation/mean × 100). Density gradient preparation resulted in a reduction in the CV of sperm motility (CV motility before DG: 19.8 ± 15.82% vs. CV motility after DG: 15.9 ± 17.97%, p < 0.001). However, CV of sperm concentration (44.2 ± 26.51%) and CV progressively motile sperm (49.2 ± 28.48%) remained very high after DG. This variability should be reflected in counseling patients undergoing intrauterine insemination.
"...'Twas ten to one; and yet we ventured...": P300 and decision making.

In some situations subjects' predictions of future events do not accurately reflect the subjective probability associated with these events. We set up such a situation by manipulating the payoff structure in a prediction paradigm, and found that P300 provides an index of the processes responsible for subjective probability, or expectancy, not obtainable from overt predictions. Sixteen subjects were required to predict, on each trial, whether a 1, 2, or 3 would appear on a display. The numbers appeared randomly with probabilities . 45, . 10, and . 45, respectively. In one condition subjects were given bonuses according to an all-or-none payoff function in which they received one cent if they predicted correctly, and nothing if they were incorrect. In a second condition bonuses were determined by a linear payoff function in which subjects were paid one cent if they predicted correctly, and one-half cent if they were off by one (e.g., predict 1 and 2 appears). After each condition subjects estimated the actual number of stimuli presented. These estimates were the same for both conditions, although predictions differed radically, with 2 predicted much more frequently in the linear condition. P300 area was largest for the rare event (2), and the relationship between P300 and probability was unaffected by payoffs. Our design did introduce differences between conditions in the overall “riskiness’ of predictions, and the strategies adopted by most subjects also resulted in differences in the salience, or task relevance, of the feedback stimuli. These differences resulted in an overall increase in P300 in the all-or-none condition. A relationship also emerged between the subjects' strategies and their ERPs. Subjects who adopted more effective strategies responded differentially to feedback from high and low risk predictions, whereas the others did not.
Vaccinations in celiac disease.

JPGN Volume 56, N C hronic illnesses, in particular autoimmune conditions, are a major risk factor for reliable vaccination. Some studies suggest that patients with celiac disease (CD) may have low rates of protective antibodies after some vaccinations such as hepatitis B. The level of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen postvaccination is reported to be lower in patients with CD compared with healthy controls (1,2) (Table 1). The failure of subjects with CD to respond to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination has relevance for public health policies, and the question is whether this failure to respond is related to specific human leuko-
Relative Medial and Dorsal Cortex Volume in Relation to Sex Differences in Spatial Ecology of a Snake Population

In non-avian reptiles the medial and dorsal cortices are putative homologues of the hippocampal formation in mammals and birds. Studies on mammals and birds commonly report neuro-ecological correlations between hippocampal volume and aspects of spatial ecology. We examined the relationship between putative homologous cortical volumes and spatial use in a population of the squamate reptile, Agkistrodon piscivorus, that exhibits sex differences in spatial use. Do male A. piscivorus that inhabit larger home ranges than females also have larger putative hippocampal volumes? Male and female brains were sectioned and digitized to quantify regional cortical volumes. Although sex differences in dorsal cortex volume were not observed, males had a significantly larger medial cortex relative to telencephalon volume. Similar to studies on mammals and birds, relative hippocampal or medial cortex volume was positively correlated with patterns of spatial use. We demonstrate volumetric sex differences within a reptilian putative hippocampal homologue.
KSHV/HHV8‐associated primary cutaneous plasmablastic lymphoma in a patient with Castleman’s disease and Kaposi’s sarcoma

Abstract: We report a unique case of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS)‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus (HHV)8‐associated lymphoma in a 56‐year‐old man with a history of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, Castleman’s disease, KS, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Three months following the diagnosis of KS affecting a left cervical lymph node and Castleman’s disease with bone marrow involvement, he presented with a subcutaneous, tender lesion on his left arm. A skin biopsy demonstrated a superficial and deep, interstitial‐nodular infiltrate of severely atypical lymphoid cells showing plasmacytoid features, numerous mitotic figures, and frequent individual apoptotic tumor cells. The morphologic features were those of plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL). Immunohistochemical study showed that the lymphoma cells strongly expressed CD45, CD30, and KSHV/HHV8 latency‐associated nuclear antigen. KSHV/HHV8 was also detected in the biopsy sections of the patient’s KS and Castleman’s disease. Epstein–Barr virus in situ hybridization was diffusely positive. In situ hybridization demonstrated κ‐light chain restriction. Although KSHV/HHV8 has been individually associated with KS, Castleman’s disease, and PBL, this appears to be the first reported case in which all three entities were present simultaneously in one person, suggesting a critical role of KSHV/HHV8 as a common denominator in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
Observation of intramyocellular lipids by means of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are being increasingly used for investigations of human muscle physiology. While MRI reveals the morphology of muscles in great detail (e.g. for the determination of muscle volumes), MRS provides information on the chemical composition of the tissue. Depending on the observed nucleus, MRS allows the monitoring of high-energy phosphates (31P MRS), glycogen (13C MRS), or intramyocellular lipids (1H MRS), to give only a few examples. The observation of intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) by means of 1H MRS is non-invasive and, therefore, can be repeated many times and with a high temporal resolution. MRS has the potential to replace the biopsy for the monitoring of IMCL levels; however, the biopsy still has the advantage that other methods such as those used in molecular biology can be applied to the sample. The present study describes variations in the IMCL levels (expressed in mmol/kg wet weight and ml/100 ml) in three different muscles before and after (0, 1, 2, and 5 d) marathon runs for a well-trained individual who followed two different recovery protocols varying mainly in the diet. It was shown that the repletion of IMCL levels is strongly dependent on the diet post exercise. The monitoring of IMCL levels by means of 1H MRS is extremely promising, but several methodological limitations and pitfalls need to be considered, and these are addressed in the present review.
Preserved sensitivity to beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia unawareness.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Use of beta(2)-adrenergic receptor agonists has been advocated for the treatment of hypoglycemia unawareness in type 1 diabetes. In vitro, however, hypoglycemia unawareness has been associated with reduced beta(2)-adrenergic sensitivity. Therefore, in vivo sensitivity to beta(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist stimulation was compared between type 1 diabetic patients with and without hypoglycemia unawareness and nondiabetic controls. METHODS Ten type 1 diabetic patients with hypoglycemia unawareness, 12 type 1 diabetic patients with intact hypoglycemic awareness, and 11 healthy controls were enrolled. beta(2)-Adrenergic sensitivity was determined by measuring the forearm vasodilator response to intraarterial infusion of salbutamol. Salbutamol was infused in six increasing doses ranging from 0.003 to 1.0 mug(1). min(-1). dl(-1). Forearm blood flow (FBF) was bilaterally measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Diabetic patients received low-dose insulin before FBF measurements to ensure that experiments were carried out under normoglycemic conditions. RESULTS At baseline, FBF was 1.9 +/- 0.3 ml(1). min(-1). dl(-1) in controls, 2.3 +/- 0.4 ml(1). min(-1). dl(-1) in patients with intact awareness, and 1.4 +/- 0.1 ml(1). min(-1). dl(-1) in patients with hypoglycemia unawareness (P = 0.048 vs. aware patients). In response to salbutamol, FBF increased 9.1-fold in controls, 8.0-fold in patients with intact awareness, and 10.7-fold in patients with hypoglycemia unawareness (P = NS). Heart rate increased in all groups due to systemic spillover of salbutamol but appeared blunted, considering a greater fall in mean arterial pressure in patients with hypoglycemia unawareness. CONCLUSIONS Sensitivity to beta(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist stimulation is preserved in type 1 diabetic patients with hypoglycemia unawareness.
Secular Trends of Age at Menarche from 1985 to 2010 among Chinese Urban and Rural Girls

We sought to determine whether average age at menarche (AAM) declined in Chinese girls during the past decades, and whether there were any differences of AAM among urban and rural girls in the mainland of China. The analysis of the study was based on Han schoolgirls aged 9 to 18 years in 22-30 provinces during 6 cycles (1985, 1991, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010) of Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health. The average AAM overall was determined using probit analysis and compared between urban and rural areas. Correlation analyses and line regression models were used to explore the relationship of socioeconomic factors with AAM. In 1985-2010 the median AAM decreased rapidly at the speed of 3.9 months/decade for urban girls from 13.17 year (95% CI, 13.14-13.20) to 12.35 year (95% CI,11.65-13.01) and 5.95 months/decade for rural girls from 13.83 year (95% CI, 13.80-13.85) to 12.59 years (95% CI, 12.36-12.82). The urban-rural difference reduced continuously from 0.66 year in 1985 to 0.24 year in 2010. The average AAM in southeastern areas was lower than that in the northwest, both in urban girls and rural girls. Higher relative Gross Domestic Product per capita and residents' consumption level was consistently associated with increased likelihood of having reached menarche; the strength of associations for rural girls was stronger than that for urban girls. Our findings suggested presence of an obvious downward trend of AAM in Chinese girls from 1985 to 2010, both in urban and rural areas. The urban and rural distribution, regional difference and socioeconomic factors should be considered when interpreting trends in age at menarche in China.
Height in Turner syndrome: does growth hormone therapy have impact?

Sir Short stature is a cardinal feature of Turner syndrome. We examined height outcome and its relation to growth hormone therapy in Irish girls with Turner syndrome. In those with Turner syndrome (TS), the adult stature is an average 20 cm shorter than the general population 1 . By 15 years of age, the average height of an untreated girl with TS is equivalent to that of only a 9.5-year-old girl in the general population 2 . We therefore set out to describe height outcome in Irish girls with TS. The impact of growth hormone (GH) therapy on height was also examined. Height measurement was taken according to the standard guidelines. Mean height standard deviation scores (SDS) was calculated. Fisherâs Exact test was used to compare groups and the association between the height and age at GH initiation or duration of GH therapy and was assessed using regression analysis. In total, 32 out of 35 girls agreed to participate. Mean (SD) age was 16.7 (2.6) years. Compared with ageand sex-matched Irish general population 3 , subjects with TS were shorter, with height SDS being -2.1 (p value 0.00). Irish girls with TS are taller (mean height SDS 1.59; p value 0.000), compared with previous published data on height in girls with TS (4). The mean (SD) height did not differ between girls with monosomy X, those with mosaic without structural X abnormalities and subjects with structural abnormalities with or without mosaicism (p value 0.08). Of 32 girls, 28 received GH therapy, of whom mean height SDS increased from -0.22 (at time of GH initiation) to 1.59 (mean duration of GH therapy 7.5; SD 3.7 years) compared with previous published data on height in untreated girls with TS 4 , (p value 0.00). However height increased from -3.1 SDS to -2.1 SDS, compared with ageand sex-matched Irish general population (3), [p value (P) = 0.005]. This finding is similar to the previously published findings that GH therapy has a positive impact on height in girls with TS. The results of the regression analysis showed that there was no significant association between height and age of GH initiation [confidence interval (CI) = -0.68: 0.83); P = 0.84 or duration of GH therapy [CI = -0.3: 1.14; P = 0.21] Girls with TS are shorter than the general population and it appears that GH therapy has a positive impact on height in girls with TS. Other previous studies have found key factors in GH response to be age onset and duration. However, the relatively small number of patients in our study precludes any definitive statement about the impact of age at GH initiation or duration of GH therapy on height. M Nadeem, EF Roche Department of Paediatrics, Trinity College Dublin, National Childrenâs Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24 Email: drnadeem.gad@gmail.com
Modeling Outdoor Macrocellular Clusters Based on 1.9-GHz Experimental Data

This paper presents a stochastic geometry-based model of the multiple-input-multiple-output channel, as seen by the user terminal based on the extraction of cluster parameters from wideband data measured at 1.9 GHz in short-range outdoor macrocellular environments. Clusters are first identified through data visual inspection. Then, a statistical characterization is carried out based on a delay-oriented classification of the clusters. Extraction results show that at each location, six to eight clusters are present, with average cluster delay and azimuth root mean square spreads of about 10-15 ns and 10deg-20deg, respectively. A cluster-oriented geometry-based model is then developed and validated with measurement results, including spatial correlations for broadside and inline receive antenna configurations.