Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suicidal Ideation Among Low-Income Women on Family Assistance Programs

ABSTRACT Low-income women face significant adversities. Many of the adversities they contend with have been associated with suicidal ideation in other groups. However little is known about low-income women's suicidal ideation and its correlates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prevalence of and risk factors associated with suicidal ideation in a randomly drawn sample of 2,112 women ranging in age from 18 to 59 years and enrolled in family assistance programs. As in other studies of low-income women, this group had high rates of mental and physical health problems. Yet, the overall prevalence rate of suicidal ideation was not substantially higher than those found in other populations. Emotional difficulties, substance abuse/dependence, physical limitations, having been arrested, and injuries were associated with suicidal ideation. Increasing numbers of adversities were associated with increasing prevalence of suicidal ideation. Employment and pregnancy were inversely associated with suicidal ideation when controlling for adverse events. This study provided important information on prevalence and risk factors associated with suicidal ideation among low income women on family assistance programs as well as suggested areas for future work to improve the health of these women.
Institutional Issues on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Ensuring the realization of the full potential of the incumbent disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) policy requires appropriate sectoral and institutional translation of its espoused principles; reflecting more refined institutional arrangements and policy and resource support. Strengthening institutional structures and crafting the appropriate platform for DRRM require important decisions, particularly on the issue of mandate, jurisdiction, and response capability. A functionally superior platform would help address issues on institutional capacity and leadership, expediency of disaster response, stakeholder participation, and community preparedness and protection. DRRM tenets have to be internalized, imbedded, and exactingly practiced within institutions inside and outside of the bureaucracy. This study aims to contribute to the current policy debate on the appropriate legislative vehicle toward institutional augmentation and reform.
A Recently Discovered Pathogenic Paramyxovirus, Sosuga Virus, is Present in Rousettus aegyptiacus Fruit Bats at Multiple Locations in Uganda

Abstract In August 2012, a wildlife biologist became ill immediately following a 6-wk field trip to collect bats and rodents in South Sudan and Uganda. After returning to the US, the biologist was admitted to the hospital with multiple symptoms including fever, malaise, headache, generalized myalgia and arthralgia, stiffness in the neck, and sore throat. Soon after admission, the patient developed a maculopapular rash and oropharynx ulcerations. The patient remained hospitalized for 14 d. Several suspect pathogens, including viral hemorrhagic fever viruses such as Ebola viruses and Marburg viruses, were ruled out through standard diagnostic testing. However, deep sequencing and metagenomic analyses identified a novel paramyxovirus, later named Sosuga virus, in the patient's blood. To determine the potential source, bat tissues collected during the 3-wk period just prior to the onset of symptoms were tested for Sosuga virus, and several Egyptian rousette bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) were found to be positive. Further analysis of archived Egyptian rousette tissues collected at other localities in Uganda found additional Sosuga virus–positive bats, suggesting this species could be a potential natural reservoir for this novel paramyxovirus.
Strand Breaks Are Repaired Efficiently in Human Ribosomal Genes*

We examined repair of DNA strand breaks induced by the anti-cancer drug bleomycin in both Pol I and Pol II transcribed genes in permeabilized human fibroblasts. The majority of these breaks (>80%) are single strand breaks (SSBs) thought to be repaired by base excision repair enzymes. Repair was examined in each strand of a 7.2-kilobase fragment, completely within the Pol I transcribed region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and an 8.3-kilobase fragment completely within the Pol II transcribed region of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene. Bleomycin dose-response studies revealed no bias for SSBs in either strand of the rDNA fragment. Furthermore, repair of SSBs is rapid (~80% resealed in 60 min) in both the transcribed and nontranscribed strands of rDNA. Rapid repair of SSBs is also observed in both strands of the DHFR gene (~60% resealed in 60 min). In contrast, little (or no) repair of UV photodimers occurs in either strand of human rDNA, regardless of whether cells are confluent or actively growing. Thus, DNA lesions in human ribosomal genes may be more accessible to base excision repair enzymes than those involved in nucleotide excision repair.
Performance of Metarhizium anisopliae and Its Combination with Deltamethrin against a Pyrethroid‐Resistant Strain of Boophilus microplus in a Stall Test

The use of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, to control ticks is a promising alternative to chemical acaricides, but both chemical and biological products could also work together in an integrated management. The current study evaluated the performance of M. anisopliae and its combination with deltamethrin to control a Boophilus microplus strain resistant to pyrethroid. Calves were held in individual pens and artificially infested with B. microplus. They were treated with an aqueous conidial suspension of M. anisopliae, a deltamethrin solution, or both fungus and deltamethrin combined. After treatment, engorged females that naturally dropped off from calves were counted daily and evaluated in the laboratory. The mean mortality rate was 32.57% in the groups treated with M. anisopliae, 38.58% in those groups treated with deltamethrin, and 30.92% in those treated with fungus and chemical combined. Additionally, ticks that dropped off from calves after 2 days had a lower nutrient index (NI) and egg production index (EPI) than those that dropped off at a later day after treatment. This indicates that M. anisopliae may reduce B. microplus population only for a few days after treatment when a simple aqueous conidial suspension was used.
The assessment of fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome

Objective. Disabling fatigue is a prominent feature of primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS). We evaluated a number of questionnaires for their ability to discriminate fatigue in PSS from that in other rheumatic disorders and healthy controls. Methods. 33 female caucasian patients with PSS, 45 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 16 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 30 controls completed self‐administered questionnaires including; Visual Analogue Scales (VAS), the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS), the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and the Medical Outcomes Short Form 36 Questionnaire (SF‐36). Results. All patient groups scored significantly worse than controls on the ‘Energy’ dimension of the NHP, the fatigue VAS and the ‘Vitality’ domain of the SF‐36. No significant differences were observed between PSS patients and controls using the CFS. Conclusions. The NHP, VAS and SF‐36 are useful in identifying fatigue in these rheumatic disorders. Further work is required to identify the characteristic features of fatigue in these conditions.
1-[4-(3-Phenylalkyl)phenyl]-2-aminopropanes as 5-HT(2A) partial agonists.

Phenylalkylamines such as 1-(4-bromo-2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOB; 1a) and its corresponding iodo derivative DOI (2) are commonly used 5-HT(2) serotonin agonists. Previous studies have established that the 2,5-dimethoxy substitution pattern found in these compounds is optimal for high affinity at 5-HT(2A) receptors and that substituents at the 4-position can modulate affinity over a wide range. We have previously shown, however, that when the 4-position is substituted with a 3-phenylpropyl substituent (i.e., 3), the compound binds with an affinity comparable to that of 1a but that it possesses 5-HT(2A) antagonist character. The present study examined the structure-affinity relationships of 3, and the results were very much unexpected. That is, the 2,5-dimethoxy substitution pattern of 3 is not required for high affinity. Either of the two methoxy groups can be removed without untoward effect on affinity, and relocation of the methoxy substituents actually enhances affinity by as much as an order of magnitude. None of the compounds displayed more than 20-fold selectivity for 5-HT(2A) over 5-HT(2C) receptors. In addition, several were demonstrated to act as 5-HT(2A) partial agonists. As such, the results of this study suggest that the structure-affinity relationships of phenylalkylamines as 5-HT(2A) ligands now be reinvestigated in greater detail.
Dietary nitrate reduces muscle metabolic perturbation and improves exercise tolerance in hypoxia

Non‐Technical Summary Reduced atmospheric O2 availability (hypoxia) impairs muscle oxidative energy production and exercise tolerance. We show that dietary supplementation with inorganic nitrate reduces markers of muscle fatigue and improves high‐intensity exercise tolerance in healthy adults inhaling air containing 14.5% O2. In the body, nitrate can be converted to nitrite and nitric oxide. These molecules can improve muscle efficiency and also dilate blood vessels allowing more O2 to be delivered to active muscle. These results suggest that dietary nitrate could be beneficial during exercise at moderate to high altitude and in conditions where O2 delivery to muscle is reduced such as in pulmonary, cardiovascular and sleep disorders.
Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on prenatal stress, anxiety and depression

Abstract Low well-being is common among Chinese pregnant women but few effective interventions currently exist to improve prenatal stress and negative emotions. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been proved to be effective in reducing stress and rarely studies were focused on Chinese pregnant women. The aim of the current paper is to investigate the effects of 8-week MBSR on prenatal stress, anxiety and depression among Chinese pregnant women. A sample of 66 pregnant women randomly allocated into either the MBSR group (n=34) or the control group (n=32). Participants in the MBSR group received a group 8-week, 90-min each time intervention. The results found a significant interaction between time and condition for prenatal stress (F=45.51, p<0.001, η 2=0.427), anxiety (F=19.30, p<0.001, η 2=0.240), while depression showed no time-by-group interaction (F=0.29, p=0.589, η 2=0.005). As for the sub-scale of state anxiety, while there was only no time effect (F=3.68, p=0.060, η 2=0.057). The findings of this study preliminary indicated effects of the MBSR intervention on self-reported prenatal stress and anxiety in comparison to a treatment-as-usual control. Effect on depression was not observed may due to the low level of depression of participants. This study provides preliminary evidence that MBSR is suitable for Chinese pregnant women and be effective in decreasing prenatal stress, anxiety.
Route learning performance in Alzheimer disease patients.

OBJECTIVE To examine performance on an objective measure of route learning in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. BACKGROUND Topographic disorientation (TD) is a common problem among AD patients. The underlying cognitive deficits that contribute to TD in AD patients are not well understood. METHOD This study examined 19 healthy older individuals (controls) and 16 AD patients who were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery along with a novel Route Learning Test (RLT). Areas assessed included incidental learning, spatial relations. recall of the walking route, and recognition of landmarks. RESULTS Despite comparable performance on basic visuospatial ability measures, AD patients performed significantly worse than controls on the RLT and evidenced poor incidental learning for environmental details. A measure of egocentric and allocentric orientation ability was the best predictor of RLT performance in AD patients. Among RLT subtests, AD patients performed best on recognition of landmarks compared with recognition and recall of spatial layout or recognition of incidental items in the environment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that poor performance on the RLT in AD patients is characteristic of poor spatial orientation or spatial reasoning. Therefore, episodes of TD in AD patients may occur secondary to poor spatial orientation.
Epileptic fast activity can be explained by a model of impaired GABAergic dendritic inhibition

This paper focuses on high‐frequency (gamma band) EEG activity, the most characteristic electrophysiological pattern in focal seizures of human epilepsy. It starts with recent hypotheses about: (i) the behaviour of inhibitory interneurons in hippocampal or neocortical networks in the generation of gamma frequency oscillations; (ii) the nonuniform alteration of GABAergic inhibition in experimental epilepsy (reduced dendritic inhibition and increased somatic inhibition); and (iii) the possible depression of GABAA,fast circuit activity by GABAA,slow inhibitory postsynaptic currents. In particular, these hypotheses are introduced in a new computational macroscopic model of EEG activity that includes a physiologically relevant fast inhibitory feedback loop. Results show that strikingly realistic activity is produced by the model when compared to real EEG signals recorded with intracerebral electrodes. They show that, in the model, the transition from interictal to fast ictal activity is explained by the impairment of dendritic inhibition.
The Contribution of the Cerebellum to Cognition in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6

This study sought evidence for a specific cerebellar contribution to cognition by characterising the cognitive phenotype of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6 (SCA-6); an autosomal dominant genetic disease which causes a highly specific late-onset cerebellar degeneration. A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment was administered to 27 patients with genetically confirmed SCA-6. General intellectual ability, memory and executive function were examined using internationally standardised tests (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III, Wechsler Memory Scale-III, Delis and Kaplan Executive Function System, Brixton Spatial Anticipation test). The patient group showed no evidence of intellectual or memory decline. However, tests of executive function involving skills of cognitive flexibility, inhibition of response and verbal reasoning and abstraction demonstrated significant impairment at the group level with large effect sizes. The results demonstrate an executive deficit due to SCA-6 that can be conceptualised as parallel to the motor difficulties suffered by these patients: the data support a role for the cerebellum in the regulation and coordination of cognitive, as well as motor processes that is relevant to individual performance.
SESAMOL DELAYS MORTALITY AND ATTENUATES HEPATIC INJURY AFTER CECAL LIGATION AND PUNCTURE IN RATS: ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS

ABSTRACT Sesame oil potently protects rats against sepsis, and sesamol appears to be the protective ingredient in sesame oil. The aims of the present study were to examine the effects of sesamol on mortality and reactive oxygen species-associated liver injury in Wistar rats with cecal-ligation-and-puncture-induced sepsis (septic rats). After sepsis was induced, sesamol was administered every 6 h. The survival rate was determined during the ensuing 48 h. Hepatic injury was assessed using blood biochemistry and histological examination. Hepatic oxidative stress was assessed by determining the levels of liver lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion generation, and nitric oxide production 12 h after cecal ligation and puncture. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression was also determined. Sesamol delayed mortality and attenuated hepatic injury in septic rats. Hepatic lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion levels were significantly lower in sesamol-treated septic rats. Furthermore, sesamol inhibited the production of nitrite and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the liver in septic rats. Therefore, sesamol may delay mortality and attenuate oxidative stress-associated liver injury by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide, at least partially, in septic rats.
Experimental Phonetic Study of Yanjin Sino-Korean Dialect

The speech of Sino-Korean has been evolved from geopolitical cause since 1945. The aim of this study is to collect Yanji dialectal speech and to compare with South Korean dialectal speech. Twenty Yanbian university students participated as informants. Acoustic speech informations are analyzed using the Multi-Speech Windows Vista version. Dialectal speech characteristics of Yanji sino-Korean showed posterior vowel //, neutralization of mid-vowel /o/ between /o/ and /Ɔ/. Lenis stop sound showed the tendency of glottalization based on VOT value. Sibilant sound contains aspiration following constriction and lateral /l/ realized the approximant /r/.
Evidence to Support a Contribution of Polyreactive Antibodies to HLA Serum Reactivity

Background Assessing the serum reactivity to HLA is essential for the evaluation of transplant candidates and the follow-up of allograft recipients. In this study, we look for evidence at the clonal level that polyreactive antibodies cross-reactive to apoptotic cells and multiple autoantigens can also react to HLA and contribute to the overall serum reactivity. Methods We immortalized B cell clones from the blood of 2 kidney transplant recipients and characterized their reactivity to self-antigens, apoptotic cells as well as native, denatured, and cryptic HLA determinants using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and Luminex assays. We also assessed the reactivity of 300 pretransplant serum specimens to HLA and apoptotic cells. Results We report here 4 distinct B cell clones cross-reactive to self and HLA class I. All 4 clones reacted to numerous HLA class I alleles but did not appear to target canonical “shared” epitopes. In parallel experiments, we observed a strong correlation between IgG reactivity to HLA and apoptotic cells in pretransplant serum samples collected from 300 kidney transplant recipients. Further analysis revealed that samples with higher reactivity to apoptotic cells displayed significantly higher class I percent panel-reactive antibodies compared to samples with low reactivity to apoptotic cells. Conclusions We provide here (1) proof of principle at the clonal level that human polyreactive antibodies can cross-react to HLA, multiple self-antigens and apoptotic cells and (2) supportive evidence that polyreactive antibodies contribute to overall HLA reactivity in the serum of patients awaiting kidney transplant.
Recognition and Killing of Human and Murine Pancreatic β Cells by the NK Receptor NKp46

Type 1 diabetes is an incurable disease that is currently treated by insulin injections or in rare cases by islet transplantation. We have recently shown that NKp46, a major killer receptor expressed by NK cells, recognizes an unknown ligand expressed by β cells and that in the absence of NKp46, or when its activity is blocked, diabetes development is inhibited. In this study, we investigate whether NKp46 is involved in the killing of human β cells that are intended to be used for transplantation, and we also thoroughly characterize the interaction between NKp46 and its human and mouse β cell ligands. We show that human β cells express an unknown ligand for NKp46 and are killed in an NKp46-dependent manner. We further demonstrate that the expression of the NKp46 ligand is detected on human β cells already at the embryonic stage and that it appears on murine β cells only following birth. Because the NKp46 ligand is detected on healthy β cells, we wondered why type 1 diabetes does not develop in all individuals and show that NK cells are absent from the vicinity of islets of healthy mice and are detected in situ in proximity with β cells in NOD mice. We also investigate the molecular mechanisms controlling NKp46 interactions with its β cell ligand and demonstrate that the recognition is confined to the membrane proximal domain and stalk region of NKp46 and that two glycosylated residues of NKp46, Thr125 and Asn216, are critical for this recognition.
The effect of corticision on root resorption with heavy and light forces.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between corticision and different force magnitudes with the amount of root resorption. METHODS Forty-four male Wistar rats (7 week old) were evaluated after an orthodontic spring delivering either 10 or 100 g was placed on the left maxillary first molars to move molars mesially. Experimental rats were divided into four groups, with 11 animals in each group: (1) LF, no corticision and 10 g of orthodontic force; (2) LFC, corticision and 10 g of force; (3) HF, no corticision and 100 g of force; and (4) HFC, corticision and 100 g of force. Contralateral sides were used as unloaded controls. The total duration of the experimental period was 14 days. Two-dimensional (histomorphometric) and three-dimensional (volumetric, micro-focus X-ray computed tomography [microCT]) analysis of root craters were performed on maxillary first molars. RESULTS Histomorphometric and microCT analysis revealed a significant amount of resorptive areas in the experimental groups when compared to unloaded controls. However, no significant difference was detected in the amount of resorption among the four experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS At day 14, neither the amount of force nor the cortical incision caused significant effect on root resorption that was registered by histomorphometric or microCT analysis.
Penalty corner routines in elite women's indoor field hockey: Prediction of outcomes based on tactical decisions

Abstract Indoor hockey is a highly competitive international sport, yet no research to date has investigated the key actions within this sport. As with outdoor field hockey, penalty corners represent one of the most likely situations in which goals can be scored. All 36 matches of the round-robin phase of the 2010–2011 England Hockey League Women's Premier Division ‘Super Sixes’ competition were analysed with the purpose of establishing which factors can predict the scoring of a goal using binary logistic regression analysis. Seventy-two (22.6%) of the 319 observed penalty corners resulted in a goal. The strongest predictor of scoring a goal was taking the penalty corner from the goalkeeper's right. Based on the odds ratio (OR), the odds of the attacking team scoring were 2.27 (confidence interval (CI) = 1.41–3.65) times higher with penalty corners taken from the goalkeeper's right as opposed to the left. Additionally, if the goalkeeper decided to rush to the edge of the circle, the odds of the attacking team failing to score were 2.19 (CI = 1.18–4.08) times higher compared to when the goalkeeper remained near the goal line. These results suggest that strategic decisions from the players and coaches have an important part to play in the success of penalty corners. Future research should investigate the impact of goalkeepers’ movement and further examine the technical and tactical intricacies of penalty corners.