Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management and survival in advanced prostate cancer in Nairobi.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the management and survival of patients with advanced prostate cancer in this locality. DESIGN A prospective case study. SETTING Kenyatta National Referral Hospital and the Nairobi and Mater Hospitals. PATIENTS Fifty nine patients with advanced cancer of prostate (extra prostatic locally advanced and metastatic cancer). RESULTS Transperineal trucut needle biopsies of the prostate revealed 15 patients (25.42%) had poorly differentiated cancers with Gleasons scores greater than 7. Fifteen patients (25.42%) had moderately differentiated cancers with Gleason scores of 6; and twenty nine other patients (49.2%) had well differentiated cancers with Gleason scores of 4 and below. Surgical castration was effected on 15 patients four of whom also had 50 mg of oral bicalutamide (casodex) daily. Thirty six patients were treated with subcutaneous goserelin (zoladex) depot 3.6 mg every 28 days. Ten of these patients also had 50 mg oral casodex daily in addition to the zoladex. Three patients in this group also had external radiotherapy for severe bone pains. Only eight patients were treated with oral diethylstilboestrol 3 mg daily. All the 15 patients with undifferentiated cancers died within 12 months. Of the 22 patients surviving at 48 months irrespective of the method of treatment, 20 of them had well differentiated cancers with Gleasons scores of 4 or less. CONCLUSION Survival in the undifferentiated and poorly differentiated prostrate cancer Gleasons grades 4 and 5 with a score of over 7 is poor irrespective of the mode of treatment as all the patients in this group were dead within 12 months of diagnosis. Twenty patients (90.90%) of the surviving patients at 48 months had well differentiated cancers Gleasons grades 1 and 2 with scores of 4 or less indicating better prognosis for these tumours which are known to be slow growing with a much longer tumour doubling time.
Clinical outcome of patients with intermediate probability lung scans during six-month follow-up.

UNLABELLED A retrospective review of a consecutive series of patients with intermediate probability (IP) ventilation/perfusion lung scans was performed to evaluate: the frequency of documented thromboembolic (TE) disease, either pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep-venous thrombosis (DVT), at time of presentation; the prevalence of new diagnoses of TE disease during 6-mo follow-up; and occurrence of mortality during the same follow-up interval. METHODS Radiologic and clinical records for all patients who had ventilation/perfusion lung scans reported as IP or indeterminate during a 7-yr period were reviewed. TE disease at presentation or during follow-up was identified from results of pulmonary angiography, chest CT, lower extremity Doppler ultrasound and venography, and repeat lung scans. Occurrence of mortality and cause of death were determined by medical record review. RESULTS Of 164 patients studied, 36 (22%) had TE disease confirmed at initial presentation (PE = 19; DVT only = 17), and four others (2%) developed evidence of TE disease during follow-up, two with PE and two with DVT. Prevalence of TE disease was significantly greater in patients with matching perfusion/chest radiographic abnormalities and ventilation/perfusion mismatches (0.5-1.5 segmental equivalents) than in those with various patterns of matching ventilation/perfusion defects (31% versus 14%, p < 0.01). Twenty-eight patients (18%) died during follow-up, but recurrent PE was implicated in only one death in a patient with angiographically-confirmed PE at initial presentation. Among the 116 patients who did not receive long-term anticoagulation after their initial lung scans, 22 (19%) died, none of whom had PE confirmed or suspected as a contributing cause. CONCLUSION The prevalence of new or recurrent TE disease is low in patients with IP lung scans who are appropriately evaluated and managed after their initial presentation. No evidence of significant mortality secondary to untreated PE was found in the study group.
Isolated one-sided cerebellar agenesis following an attempted medical termination of pregnancy

A 35-year-old para 2þ 0 presented at the outpatient clinic requesting the termination of an 8-week pregnancy. A pelvic ultrasound scan confirmed a single viable intrauterine gestation of 8 weeks and 5 days duration. The medical history included investigation for secondary infertility cervical cautery for a chronic vaginal discharge, request for sterilisation 9 years earlier and amytriptyline over dosage 2 years earlier. Following a full discussion and counselling about options for a termination of pregnancy, she chose to undergo a medical termination of pregnancy. The medical termination of pregnancy was carried out at 10 weeks’ gestation with 200 mg mifepristone and 1 g cervagem. Pain relief was provided with 10 mg morphine and 2 tablets of cocodamol. She had bleeding but failed to pass products of conception. She was discharged home to be reviewed in the clinic a few days later with an ultrasound scan. She defaulted her follow-up appointment. She subsequently was seen at her GP surgery 5 weeks later, when she was already 15 weeks and 4 days pregnant. A pregnancy test was positive and she indicated that she was keen to continue with the pregnancy, though she had concerns about fetal abnormality, secondary to the drugs that had been administered for the termination of the pregnancy a few weeks earlier. A repeat ultrasound scan at 17 weeks’ gestation showed rightsided cerebellar agenesis and this was confirmed on a detailed anomaly scan. Following a full discussion about the diagnosis and management options, she consented to undergo a medical termination of pregnancy at 23 weeks and 3days. The post mortem confirmed agenesis of the right cerebellar hemisphere.
Technical Advance A New Method for Large Scale Isolation of Kidney Glomeruli from Mice

Here we report a new isolation method for mouse glomeruli. The method is fast and simple and allows for the isolation of virtually all glomeruli present in the adult mouse kidney with minimal contamination of nonglomerular cells. Mice were perfused through the heart with magnetic 4.5-m diameter Dynabeads. Kidneys were minced into small pieces, digested by collagenase, filtered, and collected using a magnet. The number of glomeruli retrieved from one adult mouse was 20,131 4699 (mean SD, n 14) with a purity of 97.5 1.7%. The isolated glomeruli retained intact morphology, as confirmed by light and electron microscopy, as well as intact mRNA integrity, as confirmed by Northern blot analysis. The method was applicable also to newborn mice, which allows for the isolation of immature developmental stage glomeruli. This method makes feasible transcript profiling and proteomic analysis of the developing, healthy and diseased mouse glomerulus. (Am J Pathol 2002, 161:799 – 805)
Epithelial atypia and squamous metaplasia in nasal polyps

Abstract Fifteen routine nasal polypectomy specimens submitted to our laboratory over an eight-month period were noted to show marked atypia within areas of squamous metaplasia to a degree suggestive of dysplasia. Reviewing the literature revealed little published work in this area, especially recently. Further nasal polyp cases from this, and a similar previous time period, were re-examined, and possible causes for these changes discussed.
Essential Oil Composition, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Two Endemic Stachys Cretica Subspecies (Lamiaceae) from Turkey

The chemical compositions of the water-distilled essential oil of Stachys cretica ssp. lesbiaca Rech. fil. and S. cretica ssp. trapezuntica Rech. fil. were determined by GC and GC–MS. Altogether 63 compounds were identified. The sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, germacrene D (20.3% and 12.9% respectively) was the main component identified in both oils. Furthermore, ethanol, light petroleum, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts prepared from the aerial parts of the plants were tested for their antimicrobial activities against six bacterial strains and the yeast Candida albicans. The extracts exhibited no antibacterial activity, but the light petroleum and n-butanolic fractions showed low antifungal activities. Crude ethanolic extracts of the two subspecies were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of HL-60 and Ishikawa human tumor cell lines. The IC50 values were 100 μg/mL for the HL-60 cell line and 200 μg/mL for the Ishikawa cell line.
Differential Risk for Homelessness Among US Male and Female Veterans With a Positive Screen for Military Sexual Trauma.

IMPORTANCE Military sexual trauma (MST) is associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes following military separation. Recent research suggests that MST may be a determinant in several factors associated with postdeployment homelessness. OBJECTIVE To evaluate MST as an independent risk factor for homelessness and to determine whether risk varies by sex. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective cohort study of US veterans who used Veterans Health Administration (VHA) services between fiscal years 2004 and 2013 was conducted using administrative data from the Department of Defense and VHA. Included in the study were 601 892 US veterans deployed in Iraq or Afghanistan who separated from the military between fiscal years 2001 and 2011 and subsequently used VHA services. EXPOSURE Positive response to screen for MST administered in VHA facilities. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Administrative evidence of homelessness within 30 days, 1 year, and 5 years following the first VHA encounter after last deployment. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the 601 892 participants was 38.9 (9.4) years, 527 874 (87.7%) were male, 310 854 (51.6%) were white, and 382 361 (63.5%) were enlisted in the Army. Among veterans with a positive screen for MST, rates of homelessness were 1.6% within 30 days, 4.4% within 1 year, and 9.6% within 5 years, more than double the rates of veterans with a negative MST screen (0.7%, 1.8%, and 4.3%, respectively). A positive screen for MST was significantly and independently associated with postdeployment homelessness. In regression models adjusted for demographic and military service characteristics, odds of experiencing homelessness were higher among those who screened positive for MST compared with those who screened negative (30-day: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.89; 95% CI, 1.58-2.24; 1-year: AOR, 2.27; 95% CI, 2.04-2.53; and 5-year: AOR, 2.63; 95% CI, 2.36-2.93). Military sexual trauma screen status remained independently associated with homelessness after adjusting for co-occurring mental health and substance abuse diagnoses in follow-up regression models (30-day: AOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.36-1.93; 1-year: AOR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.33-1.66; and 5-year: AOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.24-1.55). In the fully adjusted models, the interaction between MST status and sex was significant in the 30-day and 1-year cohorts (30-day: AOR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.18-2.02; and 1-year: AOR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.23-1.74), denoting higher risk for homelessness among males with a positive screen for MST. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A positive screen for MST was independently associated with postdeployment homelessness, with male veterans at greater risk than female veterans. These results underscore the importance of the MST screen as a clinically important marker of reintegration outcomes among veterans. These findings demonstrate significant long-term negative effects and inform our understanding of the public health implications of sexual abuse and harassment.
Persistence of Two Genotypes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae during Transmission

ABSTRACT Isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were tested using a highly discriminatory typing method, opa typing, to examine the genetic diversity over a 2-year study period of isolates from all consecutive patients with gonorrhea attending the Genitourinary Medicine clinic in Sheffield, United Kingdom. Two opa genotypes were detected throughout the 2-year time period and comprised 41% of all strains tested. The persistence of two opa types was investigated further to determine the apparent genetic stability, by examining the ability of isolates to undergo intragenic and intergenic recombination and mutation in vitro. Intragenic recombination or mutation involving the opa genes of N. gonorrhoeae in the selected isolates was not detected, but intergenic recombination did occur. opa genes of N. gonorrhoeae in vivo appear to diversify primarily through intergenic recombination. Intergenic recombination in vivo would require the presence of a mixed gonococcal infection, in which an individual is concurrently colonized with more than one strain of N. gonorrhoeae. We propose that the level of diversity of opa genotypes in a population is linked to the degree of sexual mixing of individuals and the incidence of mixed infections of N. gonorrhoeae.
The Relationship between Pro-Innovation Organizational Climate, Leader-Member Exchange and Innovative Work Behavior: A Study among the Knowledge Workers of the Knowledge Intensive Business Services in Malaysia

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between proinnovation organizational climate, leader-member exchange and innovative work behavior among the knowledge workers of the knowledge intensive business services in Malaysia. The innovative work behavior has a central role in the development of knowledge-intensive business services in Malaysia. It was previously reported that pro-innovation organizational climate and leadermember exchange to have a significant relationship with innovative work behavior of employees in various business sectors. However, not all support the notion that organizational climate and leader-member exchange correlates with innovative work behavior. Some of the researchers concluded the relationship is rather weak. This makes it even more interesting to include organizational climate and leader-member exchange in the research framework of the model of innovative work behavior in Malaysia. A quantitative method was utilized and data were collected using mail survey. A total of 1520 questionnaires were distributed and 310 deemed usable for analysis using SPSS, resulted in 20.6 % response rate. The results revealed that there was a significant relationship between pro-innovation organizational climates, leader-member exchange with the innovative work behavior of knowledge workers. Discussions of the results and its implications are discussed.
Biofortification of cereals with zinc and iron through fertilization strategy.

Zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) deficiencies are well-documented public health issue and an important soil constraint to crop production. Generally, there is a close geographical overlap between soil deficiency and human deficiency of Zn and Fe, indicating a high requirement for increasing concentrations of micronutrients in food crops. Breeding new plant genotypes for high grain concentrations of Fe and Zn (genetic biofortification) is the most cost-effective strategy to address the problem; but, this strategy is a long-term process. A rapid and complementary approach is therefore required for biofortification of food crops with Zn and Fe in the short term. In this regard, a fertilizer strategy (agronomic biofortification) represents an effective way for biofortification of food crops. In this paper, several examples are presented showing that application of Zn fertilizers greatly contribute to biofortification of cereal grains with Zn. By contrast, application of various inorganic and chelated Fe fertilizers remains ineffective for increasing grain Fe concentration. However, improving nitrogen (N) nutritional status of plants promoted accumulation of Fe (and also Zn) in grain. It appears that N nutritional status of plants plays a critical role in biofortification of cereal grains with Zn and Fe.
Mechanism of G‐protein Activation by Rhodopsin †

Rhodopsin is a member of the family of G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), and is an excellent molecular switch for converting light signals into electrical response of the rod photoreceptor cells. Light initiates cis–trans isomerization of the retinal chromophore of rhodopsin and leads to the formation of several thermolabile intermediates during the bleaching process. Recent investigations have identified spectrally distinguishable two intermediate states that can interact with the retinal G‐protein, transducin, and have elucidated the functional sharing of these intermediates. The initial contact with GDP‐bound G‐protein occurs in the meta‐Ib intermediate state, which has a protonated Schiff base as its chromophore. The meta‐Ib intermediate in the complex with the G‐protein converts to the meta‐II intermediate with releasing GDP from the α‐subunit of the G protein. Meta‐II has a de‐protonated Schiff base chromophore and induces binding of GTP to the α‐subunit of the G‐protein. Thus, the GDP–GTP exchange reaction, namely G‐protein activation, by rhodopsin proceeds through at least two steps, with conformational changes in both rhodopsin and the G‐protein.
Impacts of facial identity and type of emotion on responses of amygdala neurons

The amygdala has been implicated in the processing of emotional expressions. Who makes the emotion and the type of emotion are important in producing appropriate responses. How amygdala neurons are affected by facial identity and type of emotion, however, has not yet been systematically examined. We examined the activity of amygdala neurons using nine monkey stimuli: 3 monkeys×3 types of emotion. Of the 227 neurons tested, 77 responded to the monkey stimuli. The effects of facial identity and type of emotion on the response magnitude were significant in 48 and 57 neurons, respectively. Both effects were significant in 38 neurons. These results indicate that both facial identity and type of emotion have strong impacts on amygdala functions.
[Prevalence of impacted permanent upper canine and its treatment in 11-18-year-old orthodontic patients].

Data of literature show very high prevalence of impacted upper permanent canine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate prevalence of retentioned or impacted upper permanent canines and to present their therapy. Data on 11-18-year-old children presented for treatment at the Department of Dentistry for Children and Orthodontics in Budapest over a period of 10 years (between 1990 and 2000) were analysed. OP X-ray films of 1858 children and adolescents--1102 female and 756 male--were examined and the data of anamnesis and the administered therapy were considered. Results revealed 101 cases of impacted cuspids, the male:female ratio was 46:55. Considering the totality of administered treatment methods, both surgical exposure and orthodontic treatment of the affected canines were needed in a high rate, i.e. 96.92% of the analysed cases. In 40.91% of the cases extraction of the correspondent upper first premolar was needed. Following the premolar extraction spontaneous occlusions of the impacted canine was established in 3.03%. Authors present the complex therapy of one case of palatally impacted upper permanent canine.
Design of 2×2 array antenna with harmonic suppression using T-shape DGS and spurline

In this paper, a new design of 2×2 array antenna with harmonic suppression using defected ground structure (DGS) and spurline has been developed to suppress the undesired signals at harmonic frequency. The results achieve a very good return loss which peaked up to −33.44 dB at 2.45 GHz operating frequency which makes it great promising applications for RF/Microwave energy transfer particularly in suppressing the harmonic that degrade the system performance. The antenna has an extremely high gain which achieved a 14.20 dB with a strong directional radiation pattern; and total efficiency achievement of the 2×2 antenna array is up to 98.86%. Besides that, the excitation of harmonic signals have been suppressed effectively from −29.19 dB to −7.77 dB at frequency of 3.24 GHz and achieved a wider stopband up to 8 GHz. Experimentally, the measured and simulated results are found in an excellent agreement.
Safety of Rosuvastatin: Update on 16,876 Rosuvastatin-Treated Patients in a Multinational Clinical Trial Program

Background: The safety and tolerability of rosuvastatin were assessed using data from 16,876patients who received rosuvastatin 5–40 mg in a multinational phase II/III/IIIb/IV program, representing 25,670 patient-years of continuous exposure to rosuvastatin. Methods: An integrated database, consisting of 33 trials whose databases were locked up to and including September 16, 2005, was used to examine adverse events and laboratory data. Results: In placebo-controlled trials, adverse events irrespective of causality assessment occurred in 52.1% of patients receiving rosuvastatin 5–40 mg (n = 931) and 51.8% of patients receiving placebo (n = 483). In all controlled clinical trials with comparator statins, rosuvastatin 5–40 mg was associated with an adverse event profile similar to profiles for atorvastatin 10–80 mg, simvastatin 10–80 mg, and pravastatin 10–40 mg. Clinically significant elevations in alanine aminotransferase (>3 times the upper limit of normal [ULN] on at least 2 consecutive occasions) were uncommon (≤0.2%) in the rosuvastatin and comparator statin groups. Elevated creatine kinase >10 times ULN occurred in ≤0.3% of patients receiving rosuvastatin or other statins. Myopathy (creatine kinase >10 times ULN with muscle symptoms) possibly related to treatment occurred in 0.03% of patients taking rosuvastatin at doses ≤40 mg. The frequency of dipstick-positive proteinuria at rosuvastatin doses ≤20 mg was comparable to that seen with other statins, and the development of proteinuria was not predictive of acute or progressive renal disease. Both short- and long-term rosuvastatin treatment were associated with small increases in estimated glomerular filtration rate, with improvements appearing to be somewhat greater in those patients beginning treatment with greater renal impairment. In the phase II–IV program, no deaths were attributed to rosuvastatin; at doses of rosuvastatin ≤40 mg, 1 case of rhabdomyolysis occurred in a patient who received rosuvastatin 20 mg and concomitant gemfibrozil treatment. Conclusion: In summary, rosuvastatin was well tolerated by a broad range of patients with dyslipidemia, and its safety profile was similar to those of comparator statins investigated in the clinical program. (Nota bene: The clinical development program for rosuvastatin initially evaluated rosuvastatin doses up to 80 mg. Following completion of the phase III/IIIb program, a decision was made not to pursue marketing approval for the 80-mg dose because the additional lipid-modifying benefits of this dose did not justify the potential risks for use in the general population of patients with dyslipidemia.)