Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contact and fumigant activity of 1,8-cineole, eugenol and camphor against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), holds a significant place in Croatia by causing considerably damages on stored products. This study was initiated in order to test contact and fumigant activity of three essential oil compounds (1,8-cineole, camphor and eugenol) for the control of adults of this stored-pest species. Contact toxicity of compounds was tested at four doses (0.2, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 μL/adult) and mortality was recorded every 2, 4 and 24 h after the application. The most effective compound was 1,8-cineole by its fastest action (2 h after application), with maximum mortality at the lowest dose (0.2 μL/adult). With its prolonged effect of 4 h, eugenol resulted in mortality of 87.5% at the dose of 0.2 μL/adult, while camphor obtained the highest mortality (78.5%) just after 24 h, and at the highest tested dose (10.0 μL/adult). Fumigant toxicity of compounds was tested at three doses (30, 60 and 120 μL/350 mL vol.) and after 48-h of exposure time; mortality was recorded every 24 h until the “end point mortality” (when no time-dependent changes in mortality occurred). The highest mortality (98.5%) had 1,8-cineole at the lowest dose (30 μL/350 mL vol.), followed by camphor (93.5%) at the highest dose (120 μL/350 mL vol.), while eugenol had no statistical significance in the control of T. castaneum adult by application of this fumigation method. Such investigations make positive contribution to new possible alternatives to conventional insecticides and fumigants used in protection of stored cereals.
Long-term effects of empathy training in surgery residents: a one year follow-up study

Objectives: This study is a 1-year follow-up investigation of the retention of the knowledge, attitudes and skills acquired after empathy training. Methods: Eight otolaryngology residents completed 5 assessment measures before and after empathy training and at 1-year. They attended a 90-minute focus group assessing clinical usefulness of the training, attitudes and factors that affect empathy. Results: Qualitative analysis revealed a positive response to the training and application of skills to clinical practices. Quantitative analyses suggest improvement in empathy after training was maintained at 1-year follow-up (p = 0.05). Knowledge of the neurobiology and physiology of empathy remained significantly greater than before the training (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Qualitative data indicate that the training program was well-received and helpful and follow-up focus groups provided physicians with opportunities for self-reflection and support from peers. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that improvement in self-reported empathy and objective knowledge of the neurobiology of emotions persist at 1-year follow-up. Accordingly, we recommend that empathy training and follow-up booster sessions become a standard component of residency training.
The Effect of Linguistic Context on EFL Vocabulary Learning

There is limited literature on the role of linguistic context in learning and remembering new vocabulary items by EFL learners. To fill this gap in literature and to further explore the relationship between surrounding linguistic context and learning, and retention of new words, this study was set out to investigate whether systematically changing the amount of surrounding context has any significant effect on learning and retention of new vocabulary items. Forty-seven Iranian female advanced EFL learners within the age range of 18-24 were employed in this study and were taught 100 new vocabulary items (unknown words) in ten sessions and in three different contextual conditions (i.e., 1. one known word, one unknown/new word; 2. two known words, one unknown/new word; and 3. three known words, one unknown/new word). Known words for contextual conditions were selected from the previous units of World Pass which the participants had covered before. Furthermore, Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary was used for some of the contexts. The researchers made an attempt to use simple and high-frequency words from the units covered and/or from the dictionary. The results of one-way ANOVA for both immediate and delayed post-tests revealed that extending the number of known words (that is, adding to the amount of surrounding linguistic context) does not have any significant effect on learning and retention of new vocabulary items. It can be claimed that two or three known words context is still as small as one word context and they do not have differing contextual roles. Further results and implications are discussed in the paper. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.17576/GEMA-2014-1403-05
Carbon dynamics of Deep Bay, eastern Pearl River Estuary, China. I:A mass balance budget and implications for shorebird conservation

Deep Bay is a shallow embayment [l 12 km2) In the eastern Pearl River Estuary, China, and con~prises 4 major wetland components: (1) a shallow brackish water body of 2.9 m average depth, ( 2 ) 2700 ha of Intertidal mudflat, (3) 200 ha of tidal mangroves and (4) 300 ha of traditional tidal aquaculture ponds excavated In the mid-to-high intertidal region. A carbon budget is proposed for Deep Bay based on published informati.on on the 4 major landscape components. Despite the usual emphasis placed on the role of mangroves as nvt carbon exporters In support of consumer (such as shorebird) populations, the carbon budget suggests that about 50% of all carbon available in Deep Bay originates from anthropogenic input from rapidly urbanising, as well as agricultural, areas in the local catchments. Mangrove production only contributes about l.8"& of the total carbon available in Deep Bay. Calculations based on the basal metabolic demands of the bird assemblage in winter suggest that the Deep Bay mudflats are close to carrying capacity. The annual carbon requirements of the shorebirds and availability (as demonstrated by the supply/demand ratio for the curlew) are lowest in the winter months, when bird numbers are large but production low. Considering the shorebird assemblage foraging on the mudflat, the total carbon consumption in January 1994 amounted to 16.9 t, while the carbon product~on during the same period was 27.8 t. These figures suggest that Deep Bay is near carrying capacity unless 250% of the invertebrate resources are made available to the birds. The results of this study also argue that organic enrichment in Deep Bay, which has usually been regarded as a 'pollutant', forms the basls of the major beneficial use of carbon (shoreb~rd conservation), although further enrichment may result in negative impacts. This study highl~ghts the inlportance of incorporating human influences Into the study of the structure and function of ecosystems in urban settings.
Abundance of Octopus vulgaris on soft sediment

SUMMARY: Until now the distribution and abundance of Octopus vulgaris had been investigated in the main fishing areas of the species only by fishing surveys. The catching efficiency of fishing gear is variable and depends on several aspects of the animal’s behaviour and life history as well as on the type of the gear and the environmental characteristics of the area surveyed. A good alternative for studying the abundance of octopus is by visual census. The population density of O. vulgaris was measured by visual census with scuba diving. The survey was conducted in coastal areas of Greece and on soft sediment. O. vulgaris density ranged from 0 to 6.88 individuals/1000m 2 and the mean density values of this study were much higher than those mentioned in other papers. Octopus density was significantly associated with season. Densities of octopuses lower than 500 g were higher in coarse sediments than in finer ones. The density of large octopuses (> 500 g) increased with depth. Octopuses larger than 200 g tended to dwell deeper during the period of intense thermocline than during the nothermocline period.
Effect of heat treatment on the properties of surimi gel from black mouth croaker (Atrobucca nibe).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of surimi gel-forming ability due to different heating conditions. Textural properties, whiteness, expressible moisture, microstructure and protein pattern of the gel specimens were determined. All gel samples were incubated for 18 hours at 4°C before applying for analyses. Kamaboko gel (KK) by setting sol at 40°C prior to cooking at 90°C for 20 min showed the highest breaking force (623.20±21.74 g), followed by directly heated (DH) and modori (MD) gels, respectively (p<0.05). The highest expressible moisture (5.269±0.09%) and whiteness (73.91±0.02%) were found in DH gel (p<0.05). Conversely, two-steps heated gels (i.e. KK and MD) showed lowest expressible drip and whiteness (p<0.05). KK had the higher interconnected three-dimensional protein networks than other gels. High Hardness (1.6-3.8 Kg force) and deformation (10.73 to 12.06 mm) of black mouth croaker surimi gels, introduce that this low fat and white-fleshed fish species could be used for producing high quality surimi-based products. Analysis of SDS- PAGE indicated that myosin heavy chain (MHC) as a major protein with a high density band in surimi, decreased in all gels. However, MHC was more retained in DH gel. In conclusion, preparation of KK enhanced the gel-forming properties of surimi.
FLOOD AND EROSION CONTROL IN THE CONTEXT OF SEA-LEVEL RISE

Low-lying countries such as the Netherlands are very vulnerable to climatic changes, which are likely to cause an increase in sea-level rise. The most obvious threat is permanent inundation of unprotected low areas. However, such a 'final' situation will be preceded by a period of increasing episodic flooding and coastal erosion. Sea-level rise causes safety against flooding and erosion to reduce which should be accounted for in long-term coastal zone management plans. The question is to what extent such increases are tolerable and what can we do about it. This problem concerns the levels of safety which are desired, also in coastal areas which are already protected from flooding: is there a surplus of safety so that no intervention is required, or does the coastal defence system need to be adapted? The relevance of this question lies not perse in the threat of sea-level rise: the same question may be raised in the case of developing coastal areas, where economic values at stake increase: such developments cause a relative weakening of the flood defence system: the desired safety standards increase so that the existing defence system may not meet any longer the changed demand for flood protection and is to be adapted. The above problem description was the background of a number of studies in the Netherlands to assess the impacts of a possible climatic change and to evaluate potential counter measures. A model has been developed for quick analysis of combinations of scenarios for climate change and potential counter measures. This paper describes the limitations of Cost Benefit Analysis as a tool for the appraisal of flood alleviation in view of the inaccuracies in investment costs and material flood damages. 1) Harbours, Coasts and Offshore Technology, Delft Hydraulics 2) University of Twente
Structure of ADAFs in a general large-scale B-field: the role of wind and thermal conduction

We have explored the structure of a hot flow bathed in a general large-scale magnetic field. The importance of outflow and thermal conduction on the self-similar structure of a hot accretion flow has been investigated. We consider the additional magnetic parameters βr,φ,z[ = c2r,φ,z/(2c2s)], where c2r,φ,z are the Alfvén sound speeds in three directions of cylindrical coordinates. In comparison to the accretion disk without winds, our results show that the radial and rotational velocities of the disk become faster, but the disk becomes cooler because of the angular momentum and energy flux which are taken away by the winds. Moreover, thermal conduction opposes the effect of winds and not only decreases the rotational velocity but also increases the radial velocity as well as the sound speed of the disk. In addition, we study the effect of the global magnetic field on the structure of the disk. Our numerical results show that all the components of a magnetic field can be important and they have a considerable effect on velocities and vertical structure of the disk.
Exploration of the Effects of Direct and Indirect Exposure to War on the Educational Performance of Refugee Children

In the past decade, African continent have experienced multiple armed conflicts which have sparked a rapid exodus of refugees seeking asylum (temporary protection) in the United State and other Western countries. In recent years, United State has become the preferred country for Africans who seek temporary protection due to wars and other conflicts in their homeland. This study is an attempt to document degree of adjustment difficulties experienced by refugee children upon acceptance by host country and enrolled into the schools. To further understand the adjustment processes of the refugee children, an archival data from Community Outreach Agency that provides services for refugee population from West Africans were reviewed. The data contained information from a structured interview questionnaires filled out by refugee children during intake processes. Pearson Correlation was used to determine whether relationships exist between the variables. Frequency distribution percentages, and cross-tabulation tables were used to show what refugee children were reporting as their experiences in the community and school. The findings from this study showed that majority of the refugee children experienced great amount of academic and acculturative stressors; war-related trauma, mental health symptoms as a result of war-related trauma. Despite these experiences, majority of the refugee children have positive school experience mostly with the teachers but not so with peers. Most negative school experiences were as result of poor social adjustment and personal interactions with other children. The refugee children have ways to cope with stressors relying mainly on activities available to them. For examples, church, playing outside, music and visiting family members. Significant correlations
Magnetic reconnection in 2D stratified atmospheres. I. Dynamical consequences

We explore the dynamical consequences of magnetic reconnection in a 2D stratified physical configuration representing a “quiet” solar environment. By including gravity, an initial magneto-hydrostatic solution is found that allows the magnetic field to expand with height. The change in kinetic gas pressure with height leads to the formation of a cold current “sheet” in the case of strong stratification, in contrast to a hot current “sheet” in the case of negligible stratification. Here the “sheet” temperature is measured relative to the temperature in the ambient background plasma. The dynamics of magnetic reconnection in a stratified atmosphere evolves through a new initial stage, with a more complex velocity structure than the quadrupolar velocity pattern present in traditional 2D X -point reconnection. As time progresses, the new initial phase is suppressed and the driven reconnection evolves into the traditional 2D reconnection pattern. The transition time between the two regimes is found to depend on the imposed stratification, and through this, on the degree of expansion of the initial magnetic field with height. The new reconnection regime undergoes a more complicated physical evolution and seems to have a lower reconnection rate than the classical 2D X -point reconnection. The faster the magnetic field expands with height, the slower and more complex are the dynamics of the magnetic reconnection at the early stages of its evolution.
R&D Investments and the Spatial Dimension: Evidence from Firm Level Data

This paper proposes to investigate the effect of spillovers on firms’ R&D investment decisions. We develop an analysis merging the geographer’s toolbox with standard econometric techniques. For a chosen sample of sectors, we test the existence of positive spatial autocorrelation at the level of R&D investments. We provide results on how far the local environment may influence the firms’ investment decisions, hence to what extent localization economies matter for agglomeration. Data confirm that the proximity to other firms investing in R&D may produce positive externalities. Finally, the diversity versus specialization debate is tackled.
Pragmatics Effect on English Writing Ability among High School Students

The purpose of this study is to find a practical solution for improving writing skill among Iranian high school learners of EFL. The main question was whether pragmatics had any priority over traditional methods in improving writing or not. Forty high school students were selected on the basis of their performance in PET (2009). In addition the following instruments were also used in this quasi-experimental research: California Standard Test (2008), Writing Discourse Completion Task, and Discourse Self-Assessment Task. The special treatment of the experimental group on the role of pragmatics lasted for about ten weeks, while the control group received only the traditional instruction on writing. The results show that there is a meaningful relationship between the pragmatic competency and the improvement of the EFL learners' writing skill. Paired t-test was utilized for analyzing the data. The study concludes that the teachers can use insights from pragmatics to teach writing skill appropriately and by improving writing skill through pragmatics, EFL learners will be able to communicate in a more appropriate way.
Why biodiversity is important to oceanography: potential roles of genetic, species, and trophic diversity in pelagic ecosystem processes

The functioning of the global ecosystem is mediated in large part by pelagic marine organisms through their influence on biomass production, elemental cycling, and atmospheric com- position. Growing theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that the stability and functioning of this complex system may depend, not only on aggregate biomass and production of pelagic produc- ers and consumers, but also on the composition and richness of taxa within those compartments. Yet rigorous experimental tests of relationships between diversity and these aspects of pelagic ecosystem functioning are virtually unknown. Here, we argue for more attention to such research, and we marshal preliminary evidence that several mechanisms underlying diversity effects on ecosystem processes in marine benthic and terrestrial systems also may operate in pelagic systems. We review selected examples of how genetic, species, and functional group diversity may affect ocean eco- system processes. We consider 3 types of examples that detail how (1) producer richness or composi- tion can directly affect ecosystem processes, (2) consumer diversity can directly and indirectly affect these same processes, and (3) diversity at and below the species level can reduce variation of com- munities through time and enhance their resistance to perturbations. We suggest several promising avenues for assessing the role of biodiversity in pelagic ecosystems. Understanding and predicting responses of the global ocean ecosystem to accelerating climate and environmental change will be enhanced by more explicit and systematic attention to the functional diversity of microbial and macroscopic marine life.
Disbudding effects on growth analysis of Celosia (Celosia cristata)

Experiments to investigate the effects of disbudding on growth analysis of two celosia cultivars, ‘Carmine’ and ‘Chief Gold’, were carried out on the field in 2009 and 2010 at the Sinna Garden of Department of Crop Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana. The treatments consisted of disbudding once, disbudding twice, and no disbudding, as control, and were arranged in a 3x2 split plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2009 (experiment 1) and three in 2010 (experiment 2). The two cultivars were harvested weekly during the growing period and separated into the various plant parts and oven-dried for dry weights, using appropriate formulae to calculate the various growth parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse the data and a correlation coefficient matrix showed relationships among growth parameters. Disbudding resulted in increased leaf area index, leaf area ratio, leaf area duration, relative growth rate, and harvest index, but reduced crop growth rate and net assimilation rate. ‘Chief Gold’ had a higher harvest index than ‘Carmine’. Disbudding plants once gave the best flower head size and weight result. ‘Carmine’ gave the best flower yield and quality results in experiment 1 and ‘Chief Gold’ in experiment 2.
De Broglie waves as an effect of clock desynchronization

De Broglie waves are a simple consequence of special relativity applied to the complex-phase oscillations of stationary states. As de Broglie showed in his doctoral thesis, the synchronized oscillations of an extended system at rest, even a classical one, become de Broglie-like waves when boosted to finite velocity. The waves illustrate the well-known but seldom demonstrated relativistic effect of clock desynchroniation (or dephasing) in moving frames. Although common manifestations of stationary-state oscillations in interference experiments are sensitive only to energy differences, de Broglie wavelengths are inversely proportional to rest-frame oscillation frequency, and their observed values require that the oscillation frequencies are proportional to the the total absolute energy, including the rest component mc2. PACS Nos.: 03.65. Ta, 03.30. +p, 01.65. +g
A Mathematical Model for the Optimal Scheduling of Smart Home Electrical Loads

This study develops a mathematical model for the optimal scheduling of controllable electrical loads in a smart home - MCELS. The goal of the MCELS is to minimize the total cost of the energy consumed by the smart house while decreasing the power supplied by the distribution network, still respecting requirements stablished by the costumer. To verify the MCELS results, a GRASP algorithm was used to compare both methodologies. A typical residential user in the area of Sao Paulo (Brazil), which has strong solar radiation, is established as a case study. The results show that the GRASP algorithm reduces the energy purchased from the network in approximatively 4%. Meanwhile, the MCELS provides a reduction of 6% on the energy used from the grid. This work also includes simulations where an electrical vehicle equipped with batteries of high storage capacity is recharged. Analysis of the results showed a superior performance of the MCELS if comparison with the GRASP algorithm, in five major aspects: a) lower use of the grid, b) reduction of electricity bill, c) higher use of renewable sources, d) reduction of demand peaks, and e) lower computation time