Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Salience Bias in Crowdsourcing Contests

Crowdsourcing relies on online platforms to connect a community of users to perform specific tasks. However, without appropriate control, the behavior of the online community might not align with the platform’s designed objective, which can lead to an inferior platform performance. This paper investigates how the feedback information on a crowdsourcing platform and systematic bias of crowdsourcing workers can affect crowdsourcing outcomes. Specifically, using archival data from the online crowdsourcing platform Kaggle, combined with survey data from actual Kaggle contest participants, we examine the role of a systematic bias, namely, the salience bias, in influencing the performance of the crowdsourcing workers and how the number of crowdsourcing workers moderates the impact of the salience bias on the outcomes of contests. Our results suggest that the salience bias influences the performance of contestants, including the winners of the contests. Furthermore, the number of participating contestants may at.
The coordination of cyclic microtubule association/dissociation and tail swing of cytoplasmic dynein

The dynein motor domain is composed of a tail, head, and stalk and is thought to generate a force to microtubules by swinging the tail against the head during its ATPase cycle. For this “power stroke,” dynein has to coordinate the tail swing with microtubule association/dissociation at the tip of the stalk. Although a detailed picture of the former process is emerging, the latter process remains to be elucidated. By using the single-headed recombinant motor domain of Dictyostelium cytoplasmic dynein, we address the questions of how the interaction of the motor domain with a microtubule is modulated by ATPase steps, how the two mechanical cycles (the microtubule association/dissociation and tail swing) are coordinated, and which ATPase site among the multiple sites in the motor domain regulates the coordination. Based on steady-state and pre-steady-state measurements, we demonstrate that the two mechanical cycles proceed synchronously at most of the intermediate states in the ATPase cycle: the motor domain in the poststroke state binds strongly to the microtubule with a Kd of ≈0.2 μM, whereas most of the motor domains in the prestroke state bind weakly to the microtubule with a Kd of >10 μM. However, our results suggest that the timings of the microtubule affinity change and tail swing are staggered at the recovery stroke step in which the tail swings from the poststroke to the prestroke position. The ATPase site in the AAA1 module of the motor domain was found to be responsible for the coordination of these two mechanical processes.
Which Emerging Markets and Developing Economies Face Corporate Balance Sheet Vulnerabilities?: A Novel Monitoring Framework

This paper introduces a novel corporate financial vulnerability index, which tracks financial conditions of the non-financial corporate sector. Using balance-sheet information of 14,207 listed non-financial firms in 69 emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs), the index shows that, at the global level, corporate vulnerability sharply increased since 2013 and has stabilized in 2016. Regional trends are more heterogeneous, pointing to significant corporate vulnerabilities in East Europe and Central Asia, as well as a deterioration of firms’ financial conditions in Latin America, Middle East and North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa in recent years. The energy sector has exhibited the fastest deterioration, particularly since 2014, in part driven by the decline in oil prices. However, if currently relatively benign global funding conditions and higher commodity prices endure, companies may have an opportunity to strengthen their balance sheets. This paper also finds that the index has leading indicator properties for socio-economic outcomes such as a rise in unemployment and an economic recession, and outperforms a commonly used debt at risk approach.
The Link between Culture, Strategy and Performance in Manufacturing SMEs

Small and medium sized enterprises' (SMEs) failure to take full advantage of efficiency/effectiveness initiatives has turned the spotlight on culture and its influence on developing sustainable competitive advantage [1], [2]. Culture is the invisible glue that holds an organisation together. Its invisibility combined with its pervasive nature makes it a powerful force guiding every as pect of an organisation's acti vity. Culture is the unifying force upon which sustainable competitive advantage is built because 'much of . , what matters inorganisationallife takes place at the cultural level' and 'cultural phenomena are pervasive throughout organisational life' [3]. Culture can act as a conduit for change, enhanced competiti veness and innovation, but it also can act as a serious obstacle to progress [4], Either way, managers ignore the influence of culture at their peril.
Pattern of dermatological disorders in Al-Adan Hospital: Southern region of Kuwait

Objective: To quantify outpatient consultations workload in Southern region of Kuwait. To study the pattern of diseases most commonly encountered in our department. Materials and Methods: During the year 2011, all outpatient dermatological consultations in the southern region of Kuwait were recorded with diagnosis & detailed demographic data. Results: The most common disorders seen in dermatology outpatient clinics is eczema/dermatitis (23.7%), followed by warts (15.6%), followed by acne (14.5%). There was now significant seasonal variation seen with any of the studied der matology diseases. Female consultations (56.6%) were more than male consultations 43.2%. Most of the patients were new 62.2% compared to old follow up patients 37.5%. Conclusion: This study showed that the most frequent cause of dermatology consultations is eczema / dermatitis, followed by verrucae & acne. There was no significant correlation between seasons and diseases.
The U.S. Beer Market: A Competitive Profile

Porter equates high market share with cost leadership strategy which is based on the idea of competing on a price lower than that of the competition. However, customer-perceived quality—not low cost—should be the underpinning of competitive strategy, because it is far more critical to long-term competitive position and profitability than any other factor. So, a superior option is to offer better quality vs. the competition. In most consumer markets a business seeking market share leadership should cater to the middle class by competing in the mid-price segment: and offering better quality than that of the competition at a somewhat higher price. Quality, however, is a complex concept consumers generally find difficult to understand. So, they often use relative price and a brand’s reputation as a symbol of quality. The U.S. Beer market is one of the most complex industries. It has two product-segments: Lager and Ale, with lager being the overwhelmingly dominant segment. Also, it has three market groups: Traditional, Imports, and Craft. We have focused most of our statistical analysis on the lager segment. First, we tested the hypothesis that a market leader is likely to compete in the mid-price segment. Second, the price tag of the market leader is going to be somewhat higher than that of the nearest competition. Employing U.S. retail sales data for 2008 and 2007, we used cluster analysis based on unit price of 12-packs and six-packs (Note 1). The results strongly supported both hypothesis for both years—and for both packs. We have proposed an alcohol-based system for classifying beer: Low vs. High. This proposal is based on the premise that alcohol and calories are closely tied to each other. We performed bivariate correlation on 50 popular lager and ale brands, and the results were significant at the 0.01 level. Finally, we discovered five strategic groups in this market .
Wound Management

Liaison: Elie Ghanem MD Leaders: Volkmar Heppert MD (International), Mark Spangehl MD, FRCSC (US) Delegates: John Abraham MD, Khalid Azzam MD, Lowry Barnes MD, Federico Jose Burgo MD, Walid Ebeid MD, Nitin Goyal MD, Ernesto Guerra MD, Kirby Hitt MD, Sofiene Kallel MD, Gregg Klein MD, Yona Kosashvili MD, Brett Levine MD, Laura Matsen MD, Michael J Morris MD, James J Purtill MD, Chitranjan Ranawat MD, FRCS, FRCSC, Peter F Sharkey MD, Rafael Sierra MD, Anna Stefansdottir MD, PhD
Revisiting energy used to manufacture a desktop computer: hybrid analysis combining process and economic input-output methods

Using hybrid assessment that combines process and economic input-output methods, the total energy and fossil fuels used in producing a desktop computer with 17-inch CRT monitor are estimated at 7,320 Megajoules (MJ) and 290 kg respectively. This indicates that the network of industries for manufacturing computers is energy intensive: the ratio of fossil fuel use to product weight for a computer is 12, an order of magnitude larger than the factor of 1-2 for many other manufactured goods. In contrast with many home appliances, life cycle energy use of a computer is dominated by production (83%) as opposed to operation (17%). The yearly life cycle cost of owning a computer is about 3,000 MJ/year, half again that of a refrigerator, a much larger appliance that uses far more electricity in operation. The short lifespan of computers and the variety of computing needs of users suggests that extension of lifespan, for example by promptly reselling to users who need less computing power, is a promising approach to mitigating environmental impacts.
The influence of industry affiliation on corporate tax avoidance in Malaysia

Prior studies on tax avoidance have been emphasising on the individuals behaviour rather than corporations. In addition to this, the available studies on corporate tax avoidance, to date, have been focusing on the developed market while very little attention has been given to the developing countries. Thus, this study attempts to investigate the corporate tax avoidance behaviour in Malaysia, focusing on industry affiliations. Specifically, the objective of this study is to examine the importance of industry affiliations as possible contributions of corporate tax avoidance mechanism. This study documented the link between industry affiliations and corporate tax avoidance in an emerging market. This study tested the relationship by using a crosssectional-time series valuation using panel data analyses, which is Tobit estimations. The results confirmed the importance of industry differences in explaining corporate tax avoidance activity. As more data become available in the future, one could include tax avoidance study in non-listed companies.
EFFECT OF CALVING MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON STILLBIRTH IN HOLSTEIN DAIRY COWS WITH EMPHASIS IN CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS

ii Dedication. iv Acknowledgements. v Vita. vi List of Tables. xi List of Figures. xii Chapter 1: Introduction. 1 Chapter 2: Literature Review. 4 2. 1.Process of Parturition. 4 2.1. 1. Endocrinology. 4 2.1. 2. Stages of Parturition. 7 2.2. Prevalence of Stillbirth and Economics. 13 2.3. Risk Factors for Stillbirth. 15 2.3.1. Genetics. 15 2.3.2. Non-Genetics. 16 2.3.2.1. Dystocia. 16 2.3.2.2. Parity of the Dam. 19 2.3.2.3. Gestation Length. 20 2.3.2.4. Breed of the Dam. 21 2.3.2.5. Herd Size. 21 2.3.2.6. Season of Birth. 22 2.3.2.7. Calf Sex. 2.3.2.8. Birth Calf Weight. 23 24 2.3.2.9. Multiple Births. 25 2.3.2.10. Breeding Methods. 26 2.3.2.11. Nutrition Management of Dams. 27 2.3.2.12. Prepartum and Maternity Facilities. 30 2.3.2.13. Calving Management Practices. 34 2.4. Calving Program and Record-Keeping . 36 2.5. Statement of the Problem and Rationale. 39 Chapter 3: Assessment of an Application to Record Defined Calving Related Events in Dairy Herds . 41 3.1. Abstract. 42 3.2. Introduction. 44 3.3. Materials and Methods. 46 3.3.1. Animals and Facilities. 46 3.3.2. Educational Training. 47 x 3.3.3. Evaluation of the Calving Management Workshop and APP. 47 3.3.4. Description of the Calving APP . 48 3.3.5. Recording of Calving-Related Events. 49 3.3.6. Assessment of Data Quantity, Quality, and Personnel Performance. 50 3.3.7. Statistical Analyses . 51 3.3. Results. 52 3.4. 1. Assessment of the Calving Workshop and APP. 53 3.4. 2. Assessment of Data Quantity, Quality, and Personnel Performance. 53 3.5. Discussion. 54 3.6. Acknowledgements. 60 3.7. Appendix: Tables and Figures. 61 Chapter 4: Summary and Conclusions . 73 References. 75
Subcellular Localization and Characterization of the ParAB System from Corynebacterium glutamicum

ABSTRACT Faithful segregation of chromosomes and plasmids is a vital prerequisite to produce viable and genetically identical progeny. Bacteria use a specialized segregation system composed of the partitioning proteins ParA and ParB to segregate certain plasmids. Strikingly, homologues of ParA and ParB are found to be encoded in many chromosomes. Although mutations in the chromosomal Par system have effects on segregation efficiency, the exact mechanism by which the chromosomes are segregated into the daughter cells is not fully understood. We describe the polar localization of the ParB origin nucleoprotein complex in the actinomycete Corynebacterium glutamicum. ParB and the origin of replication were found to be stably localized to the cell poles. After replication, the origins move toward the opposite pole. Purified ParB was able to bind to the parS consensus sequence in vitro. C. glutamicum possesses two ParA-like partitioning ATPase proteins. Both proteins interact with ParB but show a slightly different subcellular localization and phenotype. While ParA might be part of a conventional partitioning system, PldP seems to play a role in division site selection.
Using Information Systems to Sense Opportunities for Innovation: Integrating Postadoptive Use Behaviors with the Dynamic Managerial Capability Perspective

Abstract Fast-paced environmental changes require that managers quickly sense opportunities for organizational innovation. Information systems (IS) that support business intelligence and analytics help managers access and analyze data from various sources, thereby providing insight into potential opportunities. Building on the dynamic managerial capability perspective, we investigate the extent to which two managerial IS use behaviors—routine use and innovative use—influence a manager’s volume and diversity of ideas for organizational innovation. We also examine the moderating role of three organization-level entrepreneurial orientation characteristics—autonomy, innovativeness, and risk taking. We test our research model with survey data collected from 248 managers. Our results show that routine IS use is not related to volume or diversity of ideas for organizational innovation. However, innovative IS use is positively related to idea volume and idea diversity. Furthermore, organizational autonomy and innovativeness positively moderate the aforementioned innovative use/idea relationships. Our study contributes to the literature by linking postadoptive IS use behaviors to managerial sensing ability, an important dynamic managerial capability. We also further the understanding of how organizational factors such as entrepreneurial orientation play a key role in determining whether, when, and how managers use IS to develop ideas for organizational innovation.
Evaluation of WO2012037132 – a novel scaffold for selective JAK1 inhibition

Novel 1-anilino-4-phenylphthalazine derivatives, compositions containing them, and their use as JAK1 inhibitors and for the treatment of cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are claimed. This represents a novel scaffold for JAK inhibitors and is highly distinct from the JAK1 inhibitors previously described, although the same scaffold has been employed in other kinase inhibitors.
Circadian Rhythm and the Immune Response: A Review

For long, the immune system has been thought of as an effector mechanism reacting to antigenic challenge with defensive responses designed to eliminate ‘foreign’ material and return to a standby or surveillance mode. However, the recent concept now supported by substantial evidence suggests that immunity is not effector biased but is also a sensory organ and forms part of an integrated homeostatic network. The bidirectional information flow between the neuroendocrine and immune systems functions to maintain and protect the internal homeostasis of the organism. The paradox of this interwined function is that homeostasis may require the neuroendocrine system to work for or against the immune system, as is the case in infection. Potential dangers necessitate activation of the immune system, and such a response may pose risks to the integrity of the host. This occurs when an overly vigorous response may be detrimental and kill the host, as is the case of toxic shock syndrome. Therefore, the constant monitoring role of the neuroendocrine system to control and, when necessary, regulate the function of the immune system is crucial for the homeostatic integrity of the host. This reciprocity of functional need determines the mode of action to determine the context of a perceived threat and the best way to respond. Any breakdown in this two-way communication may manifest itself in problems such as autoimmunity, septic shock, or chronic infection. In this article, we review our current knowledge of circadian rhythm and its relation to the immune response.
Incorporating modern neuroscience findings to improve brain–computer interfaces: tracking auditory attention

Objective. Brain–computer interface (BCI) technology allows users to generate actions based solely on their brain signals. However, current non-invasive BCIs generally classify brain activity recorded from surface electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes, which can hinder the application of findings from modern neuroscience research. Approach. In this study, we use source imaging—a neuroimaging technique that projects EEG signals onto the surface of the brain—in a BCI classification framework. This allowed us to incorporate prior research from functional neuroimaging to target activity from a cortical region involved in auditory attention. Main results. Classifiers trained to detect attention switches performed better with source imaging projections than with EEG sensor signals. Within source imaging, including subject-specific anatomical MRI information (instead of using a generic head model) further improved classification performance. This source-based strategy also reduced accuracy variability across three dimensionality reduction techniques—a major design choice in most BCIs. Significance. Our work shows that source imaging provides clear quantitative and qualitative advantages to BCIs and highlights the value of incorporating modern neuroscience knowledge and methods into BCI systems.
Subjective and acoustical data about vocal effectiveness in western opera: preliminary results

The notion of "vocal efficiency" is difficult to define. In order to contribute to this definition, several data were obtained: first the evaluation of glottal efficiency Eg using an acoustic analysis was obtained. Second, we run a study asking subjects to find synonyms of vocal effectiveness. Results showed the prevalence of the perceptual aspect over the communication and production aspects. This concept depends on the vocal use by persons. The subjects insist on the notion of carrying power without fatigue whatever the context. Some acoustic measurements of singing power Ratio, an acoustic correlate of this perceptual aspect, were conducted in opera pieces with and without pianistic accompaniement: the singing-formant, a well known perceptive correlate of vocal effectiveness, was always present whatever the condition. So it appears that the concept of vocal effectiveness has a polysemous definition regarding subject vocal perception (auditor), production (singer) and communication (the public).
What Do We Know about Accounting in Family Firms

In this study, we present a review of research of accounting in family firms. The aim is to summarize the main findings of prior studies and identify what we have learned so far about the role of accounting in family firms. Specifically, we survey the contributions of accounting researchers to the study of family firms in four subfields: (1) financial accounting and reporting, (2) management accounting and management control, (3) auditing, and (4) accounting history. After considering some theoretical and empirical advancements of family business research in other disciplines, we conclude by identifying avenues for future research.
Semaphorin 1a and semaphorin 1b are required for correct epidermal cell positioning and adhesion during morphogenesis in C. elegans.

The semaphorin family comprises secreted and transmembrane proteins involved in axon guidance and cell migration. We have isolated and characterized deletion mutants of C. elegans semaphorin 1a (Ce-sema-1a or smp-1) and semaphorin 1b (Ce-sema-1b or smp-2) genes. Both mutants exhibit defects in epidermal functions. For example, the R1.a-derived ray precursor cells frequently fail to change anterior/posterior positions completely relative to their sister tail lateral epidermal precursor cell R1.p, causing ray 1 to be formed anterior to its normal position next to ray 2. The ray cells, which normally separate from the lateral tail seam cell (SET) at the end of L4 stage, remains connected to the SET cell even in adult mutant males. The ray 1 defects are partially penetrant in each single Ce-sema-1 mutant at 20 degrees C, but are greatly enhanced in Ce-sema-1 double mutants, suggesting that Ce-Sema-1a and Ce-Sema-1b function in parallel to regulate ray 1 position. Both mutants also have defects in other aspects of epidermal functions, including head and tail epidermal morphogenesis and touch cell axon migration, whereas, smp-1 mutants alone have defects in defecation and brood size. A feature of smp-1 mutants that is shared with mutants of mab-20 (which encodes Sema-2a) is the abnormal perdurance of contacts between epidermal cells.
Automation Surprise: Results of a Field Survey of Dutch Pilots

Automation surprise (AS) has often been associated with aviation safety incidents. Although numerous laboratory studies have been conducted, few data are available from routine flight operations. A survey among a representative sample of 200 Dutch airline pilots was used to determine the prevalence of AS and the severity of its consequences, and to test some of the factors leading to AS. Results show that AS is a relatively widespread phenomenon that occurs three times per year per pilot on average but rarely has serious consequences. In less than 10% of the AS cases that were reviewed, an undesired aircraft state was induced. Reportable occurrences are estimated to occur only once every 1–3 years per pilot. Factors leading to a higher prevalence of AS include less flying experience, increasing complexity of the flight control mode, and flight duty periods of over 8 hr. It is concluded that AS is a manifestation of system and interface complexity rather than cognitive errors.
Research on Influence of Electronic Word of Mouth on Consumers’ Purchase Intentions

Word of mouth has become market information that has a very importance influence on consumers’ judgment and decision making. By reviewing EWOM-related literature, a theoretical model is established from the perspectives of EWOM Quantity, EWOM Timeliness, EWOM Quality and EWOM Expertise to explore the influence of EWOM on the consumers’ purchase intentions. With college students as the research objects, data are collected through questionnaire survey. An empirical analysis is conducted through SPSS software and the following results are thus acquired: EWOM Quantity, EWOM Timeliness, EWOM Quality and EWOM Expertise have significant positive influence on the consumers’ purchase intentions, and EWOM Quality has the largest influence on the consumers’ purchase intentions and EWOM Timeliness has the least influence on the consumers’ purchase intentions.