Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Learners' Satisfaction toward Online E-Learning Implemented in the College of Applied Studies and Community Service, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia: Can E-Learning Replace the Conventional System of Education?.

The growth of distance education course offerings is an indication of its importance to students. The purpose of this study is to investigate learners' satisfaction toward online e-learning implemented in the College of Applied Studies and Community Service, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. In the meantime, also, this study was conducted to assess whether substitution of conventional learning with e-learning can improve the educational standard and knowledge of people especially in this information world. The target group consists of 201 university students (female) from the College of Applied Studies and Community Service. The results of the statistical analysis demonstrate that students‘ satisfaction has been very positive toward elearning as a teaching assisted tool, and provides more benefits than conventional learning.
Feeding potential of Chrysoperla carnea and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri on cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis.

The feeding potential of Chrysoperla carnea larvae and adults of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri on different nymphal instars of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis was investigated in ambient laboratory conditions at Agricultural Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Both predators were found very active and successfully consumed all the nymphal instars of P. solenopsis. The daily predation rate of C. carnea larvae increased slowly during the first two larval instars and reached to its peak in the third larval instar. First instar nymphs of P. solenopsis were the most preferred food of different larval instars of C. carnea. Third instar larvae of C. carnea were the most voracious feeder and consumed significantly high number of first, second and third instars nymphs of mealybug as compared to first and second instar larvae of the predator. Adult C. montrouzieri consumed significantly more first instar nymphs of mealybug than second and third instar nymphs. These results indicate that C. carnea and C. montrouzieri have great potential for the biological control of P. solenopsis.
Genetic diversity analysis and chemical profiling of Indian Acorus calamus accessions from South and North-East India

Acorus calamus L. (Family: Acoraceae) is a well-known traditional, endangered, medicinal and aromatic plant mainly found in India and China. The plant is also widely used in industrial, pharmaceutical and food industries. In the present study, 20 different accessions of Indian A. calamus were subjected to the study of genetic diversity (RAPD), and cytogenetic and phytochemical (β-asarone) analysis. For RAPD analysis, 9 primers were chosen, which generated 107 DNA fragments. The average percentage of polymorphism was recorded to be 67.23%. The primer OPA 12 showed the highest (100%) polymorphism, whereas the lowest (38.2%) polymorphism was observed for the primer OPBB 6. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged 0.44 (OPA 7) to 0.18 (OPA11), while marker index (MI) values ranged 4.74 (OPA 7) to 0.36 (OPA 11). A dendogram was constructed by UPGMA method and the robustness of the tree was confirmed by bootstrap analysis with 1000 pseudo samples. For cytogenetic analysis, the 20 A. calamus accessions were screened for their ploidy status. The accessions were found to be either diploid or triploids. The phytochemical analysis of β-asarone content was determined through by HPLC method. The β-asarone concentration varied in the range of 2.2 to 7.2 mg/100 mg. The results of present study indicated the presence of low level of polymorphism among the A. calamus accessions of South India and North-East India. The phytochemical and cytogenetic analysis revealed that both diploid and triploid have low concentration of β-asarone irrespective of their geographical location.
X-MAXIMAL SUBGROUPS IN FINITE -SOLVABLE GROUPS WITH RESPECT TO A SCHUNCK CLASS X

Let be an arbitrary set of primes and X be a -Schunck class, i.e. X is a -closed Schunck class. The paper establishes an exis- tence and conjugacy theorem on X-maximal subgroups in finite -solvable groups. For the proof of the main result are used some theorems given in (4) generalizing Ore's theorems from (8). Finally, some applications on X-projectors in finite -solvable groups are given. 1. Preliminaries All groups considered in the paper are finite. We denote by an arbitrary
A new perspective on the economic valuation of informal care

Informal care has drawn much attention among scholars and policymakers as it concerns an essential but hard to evaluate resource of welfare. Albeit several studies addressed the monetary value of informal care, differences in the relationship between caregivers and recipients have often been ignored. We report on a profound and formerly unobserved distinction between care in the household and non-household care for a family member or in a voluntary framework. According to our results caregivers within the household perceive care as a burden and a positive shadow price arises. By contrast in the family but non-household context – and especially in the voluntary case – care is (at least partly) understood as an enriching experience which extends well-being and leads to negative shadow prices. This distinction calls a marketized view of informal care into question and may contribute to explaining the limitations of monetary incentive policies to encourage informal care.
NONSTATIONARY SPATIAL MODELING USING PENALIZED LIKELIHOOD

We consider nonstationary spatial modeling using empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) under the consideration that data may be observed only at some sparse, irregularly spaced locations with repeated measurements. Instead of obtain- ing EOFs by principal component analysis based on a class of pre-specified basis functions or a pre-smoothing step with data imputed on a regular grid, we propose a regularization approach using penalized likelihood, which provides a new EOF-type expansion in terms of a small number of functions with their degrees of smooth- ness controlled by a tuning parameter. An expectation-conditional-maximization algorithm is applied to obtain the penalized maximum likelihood estimates of the mean and the covariance parameters simultaneously. Some simulation results show that the proposed method performs well in both spatial prediction and covariance function estimation, regardless of whether the underlying spatial process is station- ary or nonstationary. In addition, the method is applied to analyze precipitation in Colorado.
New Evidence on the Announcement Effect of Convertible and Exchangeable Bonds

This study investigates the announcement and issuance effects of offering convertible bonds and exchangeable bonds using data for the Swiss and German markets during January 1996 and May 2003. The analysis suggests that announcement effects of convertible bonds and exchangeable bonds are associated with significantly negative abnormal returns. German firms exhibit a stronger reaction than Swiss firms, possibly for institutional reasons. We also investigate the effect of the market return of the announcement effect and find that the negative abnormal returns are significantly more pronounced when previous market returns have been negative. Furthermore, we analyze the relation between the announcement effects and equity components by controlling for the equity signal sent to the market. We find the size of the equity component of an issue to have a strong influence on the announcement effect for convertible but not for exchangeable securities and offer an explanation for this difference.
A Comparison of Price Effect and Country of Origin Effect on Consumer Counterfeit Products Purchase

Proliferation of Counterfeit Consumer Products is one of the insistent apprehensions confronting managers and companies in many countries. The current study compared the influence of price and country of origin effects on consumer attitude and purchase intention of counterfeit consumer products in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana. The study adopted a positivist research philosophy and a descriptive research design in gathering and analysing the data. A total of 265 respondents was sampled for the study. A Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was employed using T - Test statistic as well as the Kruskal - Wallis test in cross examining the demographic features and the study's variables. Structural Equation Modelling statistical (SEM) technique using Partial Least Square (PLS) software version 3.0 was employed in determining the hypothesised relationships of the study. It was observed that, country of origin effect has a superior influence on both consumer attitude and purchase intention than price of the counterfeit products. The results also showed a significant association between level of education and consumer counterfeit products purchased. The findings contribute to the scant empirical studies that compare price factor and country of origin effect on attitude and intention to purchase in a single survey research.
Qualitative characteristics of the Longissimus thoracic lumborum muscle of Nellore cattle during different maturation periods

The effect of maturation on the physical (pH, color, weight loss on cooking, and shear force) and biological (microbiology, concerning mesophiles and psychrotrophiles, and sarcomere length) characteristics of the Longissimus thoracic lumborum muscle of adult Nellore cattle was assessed over four maturation periods (0, 7, 14, and 21 days) and two cut thicknesses (2.5 and 7.5 cm). Sixty-four Longissimus thoracic lumborum muscles from castrated Nellore males were purchased from Frigorifico Nutrial, Sergipe, Brazil. The study was performed using a completely randomized design, corresponding to a 2 x 4 factorial with eight replicates. The microbiological analysis revealed the sanitary conditions in which the samples were handled and stored, yielding counts of psychrotrophiles (2.18 x 105 CFU g-1) and mesophiles (2.4 x 105 CFU g-1) well below the critical deterioration level (106 CFU g-1). The pH (5.57) and the loss on cooking (24.13%) were not influenced by the evaluated variables (P > 0.05). The other evaluated parameters significantly varied as a function of the maturation period and the cut thickness (both P < 0.05). Meat luminosity varied with both the cut thickness and maturation period. The 2.5-cm-thick cut matured for 14 days and the 7.5-cm-thick cut matured for 21 days were darker than the 2.5-cm-thick cut matured for 7 days and the 7.5-cm-thick cut matured for 14 days, which were the lighter-colored samples (similar to non-matured meat). The intensity of the red color of the meat was different beginning after 14 days of maturation in the 7.5-cm cuts (P < 0.05) but differences were not evident in any of the 2.5-cm cuts (P > 0.05). Regarding the b* intensity, the 2.5-cm cut yielded a darker staining at time zero, which decreased with the maturation period. However, the 7.5-cm cut differed between the non-matured and the matured samples. Regarding the red and yellow color of the meat fat (a* and b*, respectively), a* displayed lighter intensity at 7 days of maturation or the 2.5-cm cut (P 0.05). The shear force of the meat decreased to 4.49 kgf at 21 days of maturation. The sarcomere length varied for the 2.5-cm cut (P 0.05). Longissimus thoracic lumborum muscle of adult Nellore cattle should be matured as a larger, vacuumpacked cut for a minimum of 14 days to produce meat with improved quality.
Nonlinear structures and anomalous transport in partially magnetized E×B plasmas

Nonlinear dynamics of the electron-cyclotron instability driven by the electron E×B current in a crossed electric and magnetic field is studied. In the nonlinear regime, the instability proceeds by developing a large amplitude coherent wave driven by the energy input from the fundamental cyclotron resonance. Further evolution shows the formation of the long wavelength envelope akin to the modulational instability. Simultaneously, the ion density shows the development of a high-k content responsible for wave focusing and sharp peaks on the periodic cnoidal wave structure. It is shown that the anomalous electron transport (along the direction of the applied electric field) is dominated by the long wavelength part of the turbulent spectrum.
Short-run and Long-run Dynamics of Stock Prices and Exchange Rates in Developing Economies: Evidence from Malawi.

The study investigates the short-run and long-run dynamic relationship between stock prices and exchange rate in Malawi from January 1999 to January 2010. The study also considers the effect of internal and external macroeconomic structural shocks on the stock and foreign exchange markets. The data series consisted of the MSE stock price index, the nominal exchange rate, interest rate and JSE stock price index. The analysis used Johansen procedure for testing possibility of cointegration among the time series data. The results reveal no evidence of long-run relationship between the variables. We then employed standard Granger causality approach for testing the direction of causality. The Granger causality results show that stock prices and exchange rates do not cause each other during the period of the analysis. Our results further indicate that internal and external macroeconomic shocks do not have immediate influence on the stock and foreign exchange markets. Keywords: Stock prices, Exchange rates, Granger causality, Cointegration test, Malawi
Is the Relationship between Employees’ Psychological Empowerment and Employees’ Job Satisfaction Contingent on the Transformational Leadership? A Study on the Yemeni Islamic Banks

The construct of employees’ job satisfaction has been gaining an increasing scholarly attention as one of the crucial determinants of organizational effectiveness and success. Specifically, it has been very much acknowledged by both researchers and academics that employees are the most valuable assets of an organization and play the crucial role in achieving its overall objectives. These arguments justify the attention given to studying the psychological characteristics of employees and what determine their job satisfaction that impacts the organizational performance. In addition to that, transformational leadership has been proven to have a significant effect on the employees’ job satisfaction through enhancing the employees’ perception of empowerment. Despite this fact, the dynamic role of transformational style on enhancing the level of satisfaction among the empowered individuals has been greatly neglected. It has been, also, proven in the literature that employees’ satisfaction directly affects the customers’ satisfaction and subsequently the overall organizational performance. In Yemen, as it the case on many developing countries, employees of an organization should be satisfied as the first step to achieve a better organizational performance associated with customers’ satisfaction. The poor performance of Yemeni banks, as customer-oriented business, can be, somehow, attributed to the low level of employees’ job satisfaction. This paper, however, aims to examine the joint effect of employees’ psychological empowerment and transformational leadership on the employees’ job satisfaction. To achieve this purpose, responses of a sample of 160 employees from the Yemeni Islamic banks have been examined. The findings of this study confirmed the direct effect of employees’ psychological empowerment and transformational leadership on the employees’ job satisfaction. On the other hand, the moderating effect of transformational leadership on the relationship between employees’ psychological empowerment and the employees’ job satisfaction was not supported. These findings were, finally, discussed in the lights of the limitations of the study and future research directions were offered.
Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) of Miscanthus Fuscus for Anaerobic Digestion

There is an increasing global demand for energy crops and animal manures for an eco-friendly and renewable energy to supplement fossil fuel, aid in heat and electricity production. In order to meet this demand, this study aimed at optimizing the anaerobic digestion of Miscanthus Fuscus for biogas production at mesophilic temperatures in a biochemical methane potential (BMP) test. Methane production was measured for 20 days in a 500mL schott bottles in a batch mode and controlled at 37 ± 1°C. Miscanthus Fuscus was characterized in the batch reactor to enable the inoculum activity and the biogas volume reported during the 20 days. The cumulative volume of biogas (L/day) for the five biodigesters labelled as sample IDs 1-5 is reported as 0.67, 1.16, 1.01, 0.57, and 1.17 L/day respectively. Highest methane yield was reported on the 16th day of the BMP test at 27% v/v of biogas produced.
eview rought and ecosystem carbon cycling

Drought as an intermittent disturbance of the water cycle interacts with the carbon cycle differently than the ‘gradual’ climate change. During drought plants respond physiologically and structurally to prevent excessive water loss according to species-specific water use strategies. This has consequences for carbon uptake by photosynthesis and release by total ecosystem respiration. After a drought the disturbances
Ultrastructure Studies of Antennal Sensor Organs of Drones: Egyptian Honeybee vs Carniolan Honeybee

This study compared the ultrastructure of some sensor organs on the drone's antennae of Egyptian, Apis mellifera lamarckii, bees to that of Carniolan, A. m. carnica, bees. The following characteristics were compared: antennal length; number and measurements of different sensilla was studied using scanning electron microscopy. A highly significant difference was observed between the antennal length of Egyptian and Carniolan honeybee drones, with means of 3.746 ± 0.081 mm. and 4.248 ± 0.126 mm, respectively. Obtained data revealed that there were significant differences in the number of different sensilla between the two tested honeybee populations. Also, the same trend was noticed for the measurements of the tested sensor organs. It can concluded that, the highest numbers of the different sensilla appeared, is due to their important functions for honeybee social organization.
Perception, conceptual knowledge and competency level of integrated science process skill towards planning a professional enhancement programme

Science curriculum that emphasizes science process skills (SPS) will be able to help students acquire and understand information, as well as improve skills in critical thinking and decision making. Consequently, the SPS should be systematically taught to the students from as early as at primary school. To produce students who acquire the science process skills, the teacher should be competent in SPS; theoretically and practically. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the teachers’ perception on their understanding of integrated SPS, conceptual knowledge and the competence level of integrated SPS of primary school teachers in Kuala Lumpur. A questionnaire was administered to 329 science teachers from 52 primary schools that have been selected randomly. The reliability of the instrument is 0.80. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis (t-test and ANOVA). The findings showed that majority of teachers (74.1% to 83.6%) perceived that they have a high level of understanding on each of the sub-component of an integrated SPS. However teachers’ perception on their level of understanding of the integrated SPS was found to be inconsistent with the actual level of understanding (conceptual knowledge). Teachers had a low level of conceptual understanding of the integrated SPS. The findings also revealed that science teachers did not have sufficient conceptual knowledge of integrated SPS to teach their students to understand it in a meaningful way. However, the competency level of the integrated SPS among teachers is high with a mean of 20.86. As a conclusion, the study showed that teachers competency in the integrated SPS is good at the practical stage but not theoretically. Therefore, emphasis should be given to integrated SPS both conceptual and operational knowledge in pre and in-service training to ensure that the teachers understand, acquire and are able to implement the skills meaningfully.
A phenomenology of working class experience: Class and the objectifying subject: a reflexive sociology of class experience

Acknowledgements 1. Introduction: Dead Man's Town 2. Introducing some concepts: practice, habitus, ethos, doxa, reflexivity 3. Class and the objectifying subject: a reflexive sociology of class experience 4. A landscape with figures? 5. Understanding the barriers to articulation 6. Necessity and being working class 7. The culture of necessity and working class speech Bibliography Index.
In vitro direct plant regeneration from cultured young leaf segments of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.).

Rapid and efficient in vitro regeneration system that minimizes somaclonal variation is prerequisite for the genetic transformation and clonal mass propagation of commercial sugarcane varieties. Single step in vitro direct regeneration of sugarcane plantlets from immature leaf explants of sugarcane is reported through this research work. Transverse sections (1–2 mm thick discs) obtained from young leaf rolls, orienting with distal end facing the medium (directly in contact with medium) were critical for maximum plantlet regeneration. Adventitious shoot production occurred directly on the proximal cut surface of the explant. Shoot regeneration was observed as early as 3 weeks on MS medium supplemented with casein hydrolysate (500 mg/L) and different concentrations of BAP (0.5-2.5 mg/L) and NAA (0.1-1 mg/L). Fifty shoots or more could be generated from a single leaf disc segment in sugarcane variety SPF-213. These shoots regenerated roots on the same medium and successfully established after transplanted to pots. Large number of plantlets can be regenerated from single leaf roll rapidly, using this single step direct plant regeneration system. Greencane Seedlings, thus produced, have significant practical applications for clonal mass propagation of new cultivars in shorter period of time and with maximum genetic fidelity.
Correlation Between Sonographic Portal Vein Diameter and Flow Velocity With the Clinical Scoring Systems MELD and CTP in Cirrhotic Patients: Is There a Relationship?

Background: Liver cirrhosis is defined as a chronic disease of the liver with destruction of the hepatic parenchymal cells. The aim of the current study was to investigate the correlation between sonographic portal vein diameter (PVD) as well as portal flow velocity (PFV) with the clinical scoring systems; CTP and MELD in cirrhotic patients. Methods: In this cross sectional study, convenience sampling enrolled 108 patients, diagnosed with liver cirrhosis. Blood samples were taken and all patients subsequently underwent Doppler sonography to determine mean portal vein velocity and diameter. Results: All 108 patients (66 males and 42 females) were enrolled in study. The mean age (± SD) was 50.9 ± 17.6 years (range 13 85). The results of the present work revealed weak +ve correlation between MELD and CHILD scores (r = 0.629; P = 0.01). Moreover, the mean PVD showed a little or no +ve correlation with both MELD and CHILD scores (r = 0.216, P = 0.05) and (r = 0.241, P = 0.05) respectively. However, the mean PFV showed no statistical significant relationship with MELD score (P = 0.41). Conclusions: Sonographic portal vein parameters cannot be a substitute for clinical grading and staging of cirrhosis; and we cannot propose it as a single acceptable diagnostic indicator in grading liver cirrhosis with accuracy.