Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Effect of Different Support Structures in Electron Beam Melting of Titanium Alloy Using Finite Element Models

Electron beam melting (EBM) technology is a novel additive manufacturing (AM) technique, which uses computer controlled electron beams to create fully dense three-dimensional objects from metal powder. It gives the ability to produce any complex parts directly from a computer aided design (CAD) model without tools and dies, and with variety of materials. However, it is reported that EBM has limitations in building overhang structures, due to the poor thermal conductivity for the sintered powder particles under overhang surfaces. In the current study, 2D thermo-mechanical finite element models (FEM) are developed to predict the stresses and deformation associated with fabrication of overhang structures by EBM for Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Different support structure geometries are modeled and evaluated. Finally, the numerical results are validated by experimental work.
Can effect sizes give any clue to the way mentors ascribe numerical grades when assessing trainee teachers against the teachers’ standards in England?

Some teacher educators use numerical grades when assessing teaching competencies. In this situation, statistical analysis can be used to monitor consistency and look for correlations between assessment outcomes across teacher training partnerships and at different stages in training. Another approach is to calculate effect size metrics. These do not claim statistical significance but do seek to explain the practical impact of patterns in quantitative data. This study looks at number grade assessment data from a large secondary initial teacher education programme across schools working in partnership with a higher education provider in the Northwest of England. The proportion of variance between numerical grades for individual Teachers’ Standards and overall teaching was calculated at each formal review point over three consecutive years. Despite the complex process involved in assessing teaching competencies against performance criteria and the potential for subjective variation between individual assessors, the data consistently demonstrated underlying patterns. These suggested that quality assurance and management of assessment issues could have been a major influence on the assessors.
An examination of technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies in GCC banking

The paper uses DEA techniques to estimate technical, pure technical, and scale efficiency, using an input orientation for Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) banks for the period 1993â€“2002. The paper highlighted several interesting findings regarding the GCC banking market. First, smaller banks exhibited superior performance in terms of overall technical efficiency than did larger ones. Second, big banks proved to be more successful in adopting the best available technology, while medium banks proved to be more successful in choosing optimal levels of output. Third, Islamic banks were more successful in both the adoption of the best available technology and choosing optimal levels of output. Fourth, banks in Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, UAE, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia ranked first to sixth, respectively, in terms of technical efficiency.
Piecing the Puzzle Together: A Critical Review of Contemporary Research on Protest Voting

After several decades of debate on the so-called protest vote, the extant literature in this field is still far from consistent in conceptualization and analytical perspectives. Yet, at a time of increasing democratic stress, it becomes crucial for political studies to take stock of current research on this topic and assess its general state of health. In the light of this, aim of the present contribution is to piece together the puzzle of analytical perspectives from which scholars and pundits have approached the matter over the years. First, this article will do so at a conceptual level, disentangling different conceptualizations of protest voting. In parallel, it will do so at the technical and empirical level, categorizing both operationalization strategies and findings into alternative strands of research. As a last step, it will summarize the still open issues, organizing them within a unified platform and identifying possible lines of development for future research.
Family Matters: Tracing the Social Cognitive Development of Kinship Understanding

Kinship provides the major framework for social organization, but when do infants and children develop understanding of these social relationships and how they affect social behaviors? This dissertation proposes that caregiving relations are relevant from infancy in humans, as it is across many species in the animal kingdom, and may be a dimension that is factored into a candidate core knowledge domain for reasoning about social partners, along with additional relevant social information like dominance. Furthermore, I propose that kin relatedness is relevant to children’s social decision making when deciding with whom and when to help, share, or cooperate, consistent with evolutionary psychology’s proposal of a welfare tradeoff psychology and cognitive developmental psychology’s proposal of a naïve utility calculus, as a component of reward—where individuals closer in relatedness and higher in social value are more rewarding to help than those more distantly related. This dissertation explored these theories in three lines of research. First, in a series of six looking-time experiments using animated events, we found that 15to 18-month-old infants tracked relationships in caregiving networks—but not a social context among peers—and expected babies soothed by the same adult or two adults who soothed the same baby to affiliate with one another more so than babies or adults who did not share a social connection (Paper 1). This suggests that caregiving—which is
How Do We Experience Crossmodal Correspondent Mulsemedia Content?

Sensory studies emerged as a significant influence upon Human Computer Interaction and traditional multimedia. Mulsemedia is an area that extends multimedia addressing issues of multisensorial response through the combination of at least three media, typically a non-traditional media with traditional audio-visual content. In this paper, we explore the concepts of Quality of Experience and crossmodal correspondences through a case study of different types of mulsemedia setups. The content is designed following principles of crossmodal correspondence between different sensory dimensions and delivered through olfactory, auditory and vibrotactile displays. The Quality of Experience is evaluated through both subjective (questionnaire) and objective means (eye gaze and heart rate). Results show that the auditory experience has an influence on the olfactory sensorial responses and lessens the perception of lingering odor. Heat maps of the eye gazes suggest that the crossmodality between olfactory and visual content leads to an increased visual attention on the factors of the employed crossmodal correspondence (e.g., color, brightness, shape).
Summer Carbonate Chemistry in the Dalton Polynya, East Antarctica

The carbonate chemistry in the Dalton Polynya in East Antarctica (115°–123°E) was investigated in summer 2014/2015 using high‐frequency underway measurements of CO2 fugacity ( fCO2) and discrete water column measurements of total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) and total alkalinity. Air‐sea CO2 fluxes indicate this region was a weak net source of CO2 to the atmosphere (0.7 ± 0.9 mmol C m day) during the period of observation, with the largest degree of surface water supersaturation (ΔfCO2 = +45 μatm) in ice‐covered waters near the Totten Ice Shelf (TIS) as compared to the ice‐free surface waters in the Dalton Polynya. The seasonal depletion of mixed‐layer TCO2 (6 to 51 μmol/kg) in ice‐free regions was primarily driven by sea ice melt and biological CO2 uptake. Estimates of net community production (NCP) reveal net autotrophy in the ice‐free Dalton Polynya (NCP = 5–20 mmol C m day) and weakly heterotrophic waters near the ice‐covered TIS (NCP = −4–0 mmol C m day). Satellite‐derived estimates of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and sea ice coverage suggest that the early summer season in 2014/2015 was anomalous relative to the long‐term (1997–2017) record, with lower surface Chl a concentrations and a greater degree of sea ice cover during the period of observation; the implications for seasonal primary production and air‐sea CO2 exchange are discussed. This study highlights the importance of both physical and biological processes in controlling air‐sea CO2 fluxes and the significant interannual variability of the CO2 system in Antarctic coastal regions. Plain Language Summary Coastal polynyas in Antarctica are dynamic regions that play important roles in the global cycling of carbon. Polynyas are reoccurring areas of open water within sea ice and are often associated with enhanced rates of photosynthesis and exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and ocean surface. In this study, we use shipboard observations from the first oceanographic cruise in the Dalton Polynya near the Totten and Moscow University Ice Shelves in East Antarctica to characterize the inorganic carbon chemistry in the summertime. We find that the surface concentrations of total dissolved inorganic carbon are reduced in areas of open water mainly as a result of seasonal sea ice melt and the uptake of inorganic carbon by photosynthesis and less so due to air‐sea exchange of carbon dioxide. Compared to other coastal polynyas in East Antarctica, our results show that the Dalton Polynya may have smaller rates of net photosynthesis and carbon dioxide exchange.
The Political Nature of Ideological Polarization: The Case of Hungary

Polarization in Hungary is one of the most severe cases in Europe. It is predominantly elite-driven, and determined mostly by the antagonistic confrontation between the parties. Left and Right blocs oppose each other in a struggle where the loser is completely denied any influence on policymaking. The two blocs endorse opposing views on socio-cultural policies, but this division emerged as a consequence of the rhetoric and coalitional choices of parties, more than from the societal divisions that they ostensibly represent. Moreover, while the perceived ideological distance between party blocs is wide, the actual programmatic differences in the parties’ economic and social policy stances are modest. This article draws on a broad range of sources to describe the process of polarization in Hungary after the fall of communism. I discuss how a polarizing style of political competition can lead to a politically divided society and, over the long run, to democratic erosion.
A Review and Synthesis of the Response to Intervention (RtI) Literature: Teachers Implementations and Perceptions

This paper briefly reviews the Response to Intervention (RtI) framework. It explains how Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA, 2004) and No Child Left Behind (NCLB) enhanced RtI implementation in general education classrooms. The main focus of this paper is to identify general educators’ roles when implementing RtI components such as evidence-based interventions and assessment. In addition, empirical studies that focused on general educators perceptions of RtI reforms were presented. The reviewed of the RtI literature show the need for more research on the impact of professional development, general educators’ perceptions and implementation of RtI. Keywords: high quality instruction, learning disability, discrepancy model, identification. DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-15-02 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
On Promoting Entrepreneurship and Job Creation in Africa: Evidence from Ghana and Kenya

We use a large and rich dataset containing retrospective information on entrepreneurs at startups in urban Ghana and Kenya to show that employers have distinct characteristics and skills when compared to own-account workers. Specifically, we find that noncognitive skills are highly associated with the likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur among individuals with higher cognitive skills. In establishing these characteristics, we present new evidence on the determinants and the consequences of entrepreneurship in Ghana and Kenya. We document that large earning differentials between employers and own-account workers are due to the difference in their observable characteristics.
More on the Distinction Between Episodic and Semantic Memories

In reply to a critique of the episodic/semantic distinction (McKoon, Ratcliff, & Dell, 1986), Tulving (1986) argues that the usual rules for testing theories do not apply to the classification of phenomena with respect to memory systems. But we respond that the classification methods proposed by Tulving (1986) may be detrimental to the advancement of theory and that whole domains of inquiry should not be excluded from the usual criteria of experimental psychology.
Experimental Study for Wave-Induced Pore-Water Pressures in a Porous Seabed around a Mono-Pile

In this paper, the results of a series of experiments on wave-induced pore-water pressures around a mono-pile are presented. Unlike the previous study, in which the mono-pile was fully buried, the mono-pile in this study was installed at 0.6 m below the seabed surface. In this study, we focus on the pore-water pressures around the mono-pile and beneath the pile. The experimental results lead to the following conclusions: (1) the seabed response is more pronounced near the surface (in the region above 30 cm deep), and the rate of pore pressure attenuation gradually slows down. For the region below 0.3 m, the response is much smaller; (2) in general, along the surface of the pile, pore pressures increase as the wave height and wave period increase; (3) the spatial distribution of pore pressure near the pile will vary with different wave periods, while the wave height only has a significant effect on the amplitude; and (4) At z = −0.15 m, the pore pressure in front of the pile is the largest, while at the point 0.1 m below the bottom of the pile, the largest pore pressure occurs behind the pile.
Bridge-building between the 2017 and 2018 hake RC assessment models

Note: This document builds on FISHERIES/2018/MAY/SWG-DEM/20, which summarised changes made to the hake Reference Case (RC) assessment model over the period from May 2017 to May 2018. Following the tabling of DEM/20, one further update has been made to the RC model, namely that CPUE and catch data based on species splitting algorithm Model A6b (instead of Model A6) are now being used for the RC. However, rather than re-run all the bridge-building models, the results from DEM/20 have been retained and thus compare the various “snapshots” with the RC model at that time (i.e. May 2018). Results for the most recent (July 2018) RC model using the model A6b data have been included in the tables, but not the figures, in the interests of time, given that what is more important here is to indicate impacts in relative (not necessarily absolute) terms. Note further that during the course of the workshop it became apparent that the information provided in Appendix A was not complete; hence this document has been revised to address this, with further information provided in Appendix A, and an Appendix C is now added with information from one of the workshop working papers.
How Do Bank Features and Global Crises Affect Scale Economies? Evidence from the Banking Sectors of Oil-Rich GCC Emerging Markets

ABSTRACT This study investigates the types of scale economies (SE) for the exchange-listed banks of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries over the 2000–2016 period, using the stochastic frontier for modeling banking technology that explicitly incorporates managerial preferences for the bank risk taking. It explores how the levels of economies of scale (ES) are associated with banks’ features that include the business model, risk, profitability, and capital strength. The results underscore that ES are exhausted over the subperiod 2000–2008, while substantial ES are available over the subsequent 2009–2016 subperiod that followed the global financial crisis. The ES are substantial especially for the small- and middle-sized banks. Based on the geographical location, banks operating in Bahrain and UAE have shown the highest levels of ES, while those in Saudi Arabia and Oman have shown the least. Regarding bank specialization, the investment banks have shown the highest levels of ES, while commercial banks have indicated the least ES. Concerning the bank features, we find that the levels of ES are not strongly correlated with the ratio of securities-to-total assets, the profitability from lending activities and the equity-to-capital ratio. These outcomes underscore that many banks in the GCC countries, mainly in the aftermath of the global financial crisis, have failed to alter their scales of operations to land on the most efficient scale that minimizes the average cost. Thus, the financial reforms that aim to restrict the motives of banks to expand their scale of business to benefit from the too-big-to-fail (TBTF) status, especially during financial crises, are not justifiable as a valued goal.
Robot Wrist Actuators

From the Publisher: The first book devoted to robot wrists, this text/reference describes the various morphologies of wrist actuators through the lavish use of photographs, and diagrammatic and isometric drawings. Displays the most significant robot wrists of the past, now is use, and under development. Provides background material covering history of robot wrists, and use of the human wrist as a model for robot wrist actuators. All types of wrist actuators are surveyed, and new wrist designs are disclosed in full detail. Treatment is practical--there are helpful design guidelines, with specific design techniques and methods. Also includes a detailed, annotated bibliography of patents, articles, and books.
Estimation of the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources Using a Deterministic Distributed Hydrological Model in Côte d’Ivoire: Case of the Aghien Lagoon

This work aims to evaluate the impact of climate change on the quantitative availability of the Aghien lagoon located in the north of the Abidjan district in Cote d’Ivoire. In the first step, the semi-distributed SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools) based physical model (Arnold et al., 1998) was calibrated and validated at the monthly time step over the period 1960-1981, in the Me watershed for which data from flow rates are available. SWAT was then applied on the watershed of the lagoon of Aghien which is ungauged but for which the challenges are considerable for the drinking water supply of the Abidjanese population. In the second step, the gross outputs (precipitation, temperatures) of six climate models of the CORDEX-Africa project under the “Representative Concentration Pathways” (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) scenarios were corrected using the delta method. These corrected outputs were used at the SWAT model input to project the impact of climate change on the flow of the Aghien lagoon to horizons 2040 (2035-2056), 2060 (2057-2078) and 2080 (2079-2100). The projections made on these different horizons were compared with the simulated flow over the period 1960-1981. The results show a sensible decrease in the annual flow of the Aghien lagoon compared to the reference period (1960-1981). Under the medium assumption (RCP 4.5), the models predict a decrease in the annual discharge almost 10% on average. Under the pessimistic hypothesis (RCP 8.5), the average annual discharge should decrease by more than 17%. On a monthly basis, flows in August and September would increase by more than 80% and those in October and November would increase by more than 20% in both RCP scenarios.
Gravity survey of the central Alpine Fault near the DFDP-2 drill site, Whataroa, South Island, New Zealand

ABSTRACT We present a high-precision gravity survey of the Whataroa River valley near the DFDP-2 drill site. We measured 466 new sites and achieved a standard error on repeat measurements of 0.015 mGal. We combined existing data from 134 sites. A negative residual gravity anomaly of up to 6 mGal is interpreted as a buried glacial channel 350–450 m beneath the valley floor. It is apparently dextrally offset and upthrown to the southeast by the Alpine Fault. We are able to better constrain the surface trace location of the Alpine Fault by combining gravity models with surface mapping. A high horizontal gravity gradient near the DFDP-2 drill site requires a steeply-dipping or overhanging bedrock surface, and indicates that an active reverse fault might bound the base of the hillslope. A 4 mGal residual gravity minimum near the axis of the valley near the DFDP-2 drill site is interpreted as the deepest point upstream of the fault of what was a lake that formed at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (∼18 ka).
Computed tomography analysis and reconstruction of Ancient Egyptians originating from the Akhmim region of Egypt: a biocultural perspective

ii Acknowledgements . iii List of Tables . vii List of Figures . viii List of Copyrighted Material . x Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Akhmimic Mummies . 6 2.1 Literature Review . 6 2.1.1 Mummies through Time . 6 2.1.1. 1 Historical Interest in Ancient Egypt . 6 2.1.1.2 Early Exploration . 6 2.1.1.3 Mummy Acquisition . 9 2.1.1.4 History of Mummy Studies . 11 2.1.1.4. 1 Phase 1: Mummy as a Drug . 13 2.1.1.4. 2 Phase 2: Collection of Mummies and ProtoMuseums . 15 2.1.1.4. 3 Phase 3: Early Scientific Research on Mummification . 16 2.1.1.4. 4 Phase 4: Rise of Broader Scientific Research . 17 2.1.1.4. 5 Phase 5: Royal Mummy Phase . 20 2.1.1.4. 6 Phase 6: Radiology and the Rise of Computed Tomography . 21 2.1.1.4. 7 Phase 7: Computed Tomography Era Onset and the Rise of Paleopathology . 23 2.1.1.4. 8 Phase 8: Three Dimensional Computed Tomography and Other Modern Technologies . 24 2.1.2 Akhmim . 26 2.2 Materials . 33 2.2.1 Mummy Sample . 36 2.3 Discussion . 53 Chapter 3: Computed Tomography . 55 3.1 Literature Review . 55 3.1.1 Theory and Application of Computed Tomography . 55 3.1.2 Computed Tomography in Physical Anthropology . 58 3.1.3 Computed Tomography Studies of Egyptian Mummies . 60 3.1.3.1 Benefits of Computed Tomography for Mummy Studies . 62
Development of groundwater level monitoring and forecasting technique for drought analysis (I) - Groundwater drought monitoring using standardized groundwater level index (SGI)

This study aims to develop a drought monitoring scheme based on groundwater which can be exploit for water supply under drought stress. In this context, groundwater level can be used as a proxy for better understanding the temporal evolution of drought state. First, kernel density estimator is presented in the monthly groundwater level over the entire national groundwater stations. The estimated cumulative distribution function is then utilized to map the monthly groundwater level into the standardized groundwater level index (SGI). The SGI for each station was eventually converted into the index for major cities through the Thiessen polygon approach. We provide a drought classification for a given SGI to better characterize the degree of drought condition. Ultimately, we conclude that the proposed monitoring framework enables a more reliable estimation of the drought stress, especially for a limited water supply area.
The study of stress and competence in children: a building block for developmental psychopathology

This article discusses the building blocks for a developmental psychopathology, focusing on studies of risk, competence, and protective factors. The current Project Competence studies of stress and competence are described, with particular attention to the methodology and strategies for data analysis. The authors present a 3-model approach to stress resistance in a multivariate regression framework: the compensatory, challenge, and protective factor models. These models are illustrated by selected data. In the concluding section, an evaluation of the project is offered in terms of future directions for research.