Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Correlated with the Intention of Iron Tablet Consumption among Female Adolescents

Introduction: Anaemia in female adolescents tends to have a negative impact that is likely to later arise in pregnancy, labour and childbirth. The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in female adolescents in Indonesia is thirty percent. Indonesia runs an iron tablet program for female adolescents. However, with the running of the program, it is not clear what factors are correlated with the intention of iron tablet consumption among female adolescents. The purpose of this study was to analyse the factors correlated with the intention of iron tablet consumption among female adolescents. Methods: This research used a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 100 students in senior high school in Surabaya, chosen by proportional random sampling. The independent variables were parent income, knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived threats, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and perceived self-efficacy. The dependent variable was female adolescent intention related to consuming iron tablets. The data was collected using a questionnaire and analysed by a chi square test with a level of significance α<0.05. Results: There was a significant correlation between perceived threat (p=0.02), perceived benefit (p=0.01), perceived barrier (p=0.02) and perceived self-efficacy (p=0.00) and female adolescent intention related to consuming iron tablets. There was no correlation between parental income, adolescent knowledge, perceived susceptibility, and perceived seriousness with the intention to consume iron tablets. Conclusion: From this research, it has been concluded that the factors related to the intention to consume iron tablets in female adolescents were perceived threat, perceived benefit, perceived barrier and perceived self-efficacy. Increasing the confidence of female adolescents in association with the importance of avoiding anaemia by consuming iron tablets is crucial so then they can maintain their health and prevent diseases due to anaemia later on.
Challenges of Formal Social Security Systems in Sudan

The present paper discusses issues of challenges of social security systems in Sudan. Following parameters advanced by ILO and UNCOSOC, those systems are analyzed. The conclusions focus on their applicability that faces axial difficulties mainly presented in the state of institutional interregnum facing the country. Moreover, it is important to revisit aspects of social cohesion that serves greater role in traditional social security in the Sudan.
Manufactured Vulnerability: Eco-Activist Tactics in Britain

This article examines the development of tactics in radical environmentalist protests against new roads and other environmental issues in Britain during the 1990s. These tactics depend heavily upon the technical creativity of protesters. Their repertoire has been influenced by British traditions of non-violent direct action and by tactics used previously by radical environmentalists in other countries, notably Australia. This form of non-violent direct action is defined here as manufactured vulnerability because of its reliance on technical devices to prolong vulnerability. Much evidence in this case confirms past studies of how new action forms are developed. Evidence also suggests that development of tactics in radical environmental groups is particularly likely to be influenced by latent networks of activists and cross-national diffusion.
Media Capture and Reputation

Mass media is largely responsible for policy outcome in the sense that they provide most of the political information to the electorate, and thus affect the public opinion. Politicians especially in developing countries are therefore tempted to manipulate the media contetns. I develop a theory of media capture in which the reputation of the media works as a restraint. The model shows that the media that can acquire accurate information is less likely to accept bribes or benefits.
The Role of Information Costs in Direct and Intermediated Trade

This paper is motivated by the observation that intermediaries play an important role in international trade such that direct trade between producers and consumers is observed alongside indirect trade through intermediaries. A growing body of evidence also documents the importance of information frictions for exporting. The paper examines the matching role of intermediaries through the building of contacts in a market characterised by information frictions. A pairwise matching model with two-sided information asymmetry is developed to analyse the channels through which information costs can affect the pattern of direct and intermediated trade. All traders can match directly through a stochastic matching process but some may match indirectly through an intermediary who invests in establishing a network of contacts. Intermediation is shown to unambiguously raise expected trade volume and welfare by expanding the set of matching technologies available to traders, while convexity in network-building costs with respect to network size gives rise to both direct and indirect trade in equilibrium. The trade pattern depends on the relative responsiveness of the direct and indirect matching technologies to information costs, which for some parameter values generates a non-monotonic relationship between information frictions and trade. The model can thus shed light on possible mechanisms through which trade facilitation policies may affect international trade.
Implementation of a program to improve the continuity of mental health care through Clergy Outreach and Professional Engagement (C.O.P.E.).

There are over 260,000 religious congregations in the United States. They and their clergy are de facto providers of mental health care. Recent models promoting collaboration between clergy and psychologists advocate that shared religious values underlie effective working relationships. This view may impede collaboration with the majority of psychologists, who are not religious, excluding congregants from needed expertise. The Clergy Outreach and Professional Engagement (C.O.P.E.) model was developed and implemented to facilitate continuity of care across a diversity of caregivers. Handouts based on National Institute of Mental Health prevention science categories and case examples illustrate when and how clergy and clinicians would collaborate. The authors introduce and define the term burden reduction to describe a C.O. P.E. outcome. They consider this clinical work religion inclusive rather than faith based.
Intertemporal Investment Strategies Under Inflation Risk

This paper studies intertemporal investment strategies under inflation risk by extending the intertemporal framework of Merton (1973) to include a stochastic price index. The stochastic price index gives rise to a two-tier evaluation system: agents maximize their utility of consumption in real terms while investment activities and wealth evolution are evaluated in nominal terms. We include inflation-indexed bonds in the agents’ investment opportunity set and study their effectiveness in hedging against inflation risk. A new multifactor term structure model is developed to price both inflation-indexed bonds and nominal bonds, and the optimal rules for intertemporal portfolio allocation, both with and without inflation-indexed bonds are obtained in closed form. The theoretical model is estimated using data of US bond yield, both real and nominal, and S&P 500 index. The estimation results are employed to construct the optimal investment strategy for an actual real market situation. Wachter (2003) pointed out that without inflation risk, the most risk averse agents (with an infinite risk aversion parameter) will invest all their wealth in the long term nominal bond maturing at the end of the investment horizon. We extend this result to the case with inflation risk and conclude that the most risk averse agents will now invest all their wealth in the inflation-indexed bond maturing at the end of the investment horizon.
Causes and Consequences of Diachronous V‐Shaped Ridges in the North Atlantic Ocean

In the North Atlantic Ocean, the geometry of diachronous V‐shaped features that straddle the Reykjanes Ridge is often attributed to thermal pulses which advect away from the center of the Iceland plume. Recently, two alternative hypotheses have been proposed: rift propagation and buoyant mantle upwelling. Here we evaluate these different proposals using basin‐wide geophysical and geochemical observations. The centerpiece of our analysis is a pair of seismic reflection profiles oriented parallel to flow lines that span the North Atlantic Ocean. V‐shaped ridges and troughs are mapped on both Neogene and Paleogene oceanic crust, enabling a detailed chronology of activity to be established for the last 50 million years. Estimates of the cumulative horizontal displacement across normal faults help to discriminate between brittle and magmatic modes of plate separation, suggesting that crustal architecture is sensitive to the changing planform of the plume. Water‐loaded residual depth measurements are used to estimate crustal thickness and to infer mantle potential temperature which varies by ±25°C on timescales of 3–8 Ma. This variation is consistent with the range of temperatures inferred from geochemical modeling of dredged basaltic rocks along the ridge axis itself, from changes in Neogene deep‐water circulation, and from the regional record of episodic Cenozoic magmatism. We conclude that radial propagation of transient thermal anomalies within an asthenospheric channel that is 150 ± 50 km thick best accounts for the available geophysical and geochemical observations.
A domain coupling method for finite element digital image correlation with mechanical regularization: Application to multiscale measurements and parallel computing

A general method is proposed to couple two subregions analyzed with finite element digital image correlation even when using a mechanical regularization (regularized digital image correlation). A Lagrange multiplier is introduced to stitch both displacements fields in order to recover continuity over the full region of interest. Another interface unknown is introduced to ensure, additionally, the equilibrium of the mechanical models used for regularization. As a first application, the method is used to perform a single measurement from images at two different resolutions. Secondly, the method is also extended to parallel computing in regularized digital image correlation. The problem is formulated at the interface and solved with a Krylov‐type algorithm. A dedicated preconditioner is proposed to significantly accelerate convergence. The resulting method is a good candidate for the analysis of large data sets. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation as part of a project life: the hypermedia CAMILLE project

In the Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI) literature, the issue of integrating evaluation in the project life has often been recommended butmuch less reported, at least for large-scaled hypermedia environment. Indeed CAI developpers face a difficult problem because they have to make apparently contradictory viewpoints of the audience of the evaluation (teachers, administrators, research community, sponsors) coexist. This paper recalls thevarious functions and forms of evaluations adopted by the different kinds of audiences. It then reports evaluations, formative as well as summative, set upby the the European CAMILLE project teams in four countries in the course of their courseware development. It stresses the advantages, despite drawbacks and pitfalls, for the CAI developers to systematically undertake evaluations. Lastly it points out general outcomes on learning issues, which are of primary interests to teachers, trainers and educational advisors, about topics such as multimedia, learner's variability, autonomy, and effectiveness of learning with respect to language skills.
On Line Media Market and New Advertising Agencies: Analysis of an Italian Case

This article focuses on the profile of agencies which offer communication services through new media related to the information role of the major search engines systems (like Google, Yahoo and others). In particular, attention is paid to firms operating in that context which are taking an innovative profile when compared to communication agencies linked to traditional media. The article develops the following steps: in a first part the characteristics are taken into consideration through innovative communication systems search engines in relation to market trends and the latest configuration of actors linked to them; a second step considers the case of an Italian company acting as an agency in the so-called "online media market", highlighting the type of skills and relationships developed through this; finally in a third part some thoughts on the characteristics of the new communication agencies are proposed in comparison with those of the traditional advertising agencies operating with the help of the more traditional mass media. At the conclusion of the article some implications of the analysis are developed and evaluations are made about the development of new business communication services object of our analysis.
Heterosis and Correlation of Yield and Yield Components in Tomato (Lycopersicon esulentum Mill.)

Heteroisis and character association were estimated in 45 single cross hybrids, obtained by 10 parental lines of tomato for yield and yield component traits : plant height at 60 days after transplantation (PH60D), days to first flowering (DFF), number of flower per cluster (NFPC), number of fruits per plant (NFPP), fruit weight per plant (FWPP), days to first fruit ripening (DFFR). Significant differences among genotypes were obtained for all the traits. Positive high significant heterosis was found for FPP 72.9, 75.53 and 20.74, TFWPP 189, 172 and 187, NFPC 48.65, 44.14 and 37.86 over the mid parent, better parent and standard parent heterosis respectively. The hybrid also showed significantly high percentage of positive heterosis over mid, better and standard parent for NFPP, TFWPP and NFPC. Five hybrids possessed significant positive useful heterobeltiosis for TFWPP. Three single cross hybrids were selected for their high heterotic performance. TFWPP was positively correlated with FPP, NFPC and PH60D.
Opportunism as a Firm and Managerial Trait: Predicting Insider Trading Profits and Misconduct

We show that opportunistic insiders can be identified through the profitability of their trades prior to quarterly earnings announcements (QEAs) and that opportunistic trading is associated with various kinds of firm or managerial misconduct. A value-weighted trading strategy based on (not necessarily pre-QEA) trades of opportunistic insiders earns monthly four-factor alphas of over 1%, which is much higher than in past insider trading literature and substantial and significant even on the short side. Firms with opportunistic insiders have higher levels of earnings management, restatements, US Securities and Exchange Commission enforcement actions, shareholder litigation, and executive compensation. These findings suggest that opportunism is a domain-general trait.
Discount Factor Shocks and Labor Market Dynamics

In this paper we investigate the labor market dynamics in a matching model where fluctuations are driven by movements in the discount factor. A comparison with the standard productivity shock is provided. Movements in the discount factor can be used as a proxy for variations in financial risks, especially the expected payoff from hiring workers. It is shown that the canonical matching model under a very standard calibration is able to generate an important volatility of unemployment and vacancies with respect to output. We estimate the structural model with the two shocks and using the Bayesian methodology. The bulk of variations in unemployment and vacancies is mainly explained by disturbances pertaining to the discount factor. Productivity shocks account for most of the historical output variations but the discount factor plays a more important role over the last two decades.
On Problems with Descriptivism: Psychological Assumptions and Empirical Evidence

We offer an empirical assessment of description theories of proper names. We examine empirical evidence on lexical and cognitive development, memory, and aphasia, to see whether it supports Descriptivism. We show that description theories demand much more, in terms of psychological assumptions, than what the data suggest; hence, they lack empirical support. We argue that this problem undermines their success as philosophical theories for proper names in natural languages. We conclude by presenting and defending a preliminary alternative account of reference from a developmental perspective.
Effects of ozonated water on Candida albicans oral isolates

Forty-nine C. albicans freshly isolated strains and C. albicans ATCC 18804 were included in the study. Initially, suspensions containing 5 x 10 8 viable cells/ml were prepared. This suspension was submitted to a concentration of 3.3 mg/ml of ozone for 20s, 40s, 60s, 80s, 100s 120s, 140s, 160s, 180s and 300s. Before the experiment and also after each period of exposition, 0.1 ml of dilutions of the final suspension was plated on Sabouraud dextrose agar and incubated at 37°C for 24-48 h. After this period, the number of colony forming units was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed by Pearson’s correlation test. A reduction of the microorganism’s concentration during the contact time with ozone was observed. Complete inactivation was observed only for standard strain after 5 min. Freshly isolated C. albicans strains showed higher resistance to ozone. A linear correlation between the logarithm of yeast concentration and period of contact was found in both cases, being the linear correlation coefficients significant in the experiments.
Spatial determinants of habitat use, mortality and connectivity for elephant populations across southern Africa

Resource selection function (RSF) models are commonly used to quantify species/ habitat associations and predict species occurrence on the landscape. However, these models are sensitive to changes in resource availability and can result in a functional response to resource abundance, where preferences change as a function of availability. For generalist species, which utilize a wide range of habitats and resources, quantifying habitat selection is particularly challenging. Spatial and temporal changes in resource abundance can result in changes in selection preference affecting the robustness of habitat selection models. We examined selection preference across a wide range of ecological conditions for a generalist mega-herbivore, the savannah elephant (Loxodonta africana), to quantify general patterns in selection and to illustrate the importance of functional responses in elephant habitat selection. We found a functional response in habitat selection across both space and time for tree cover, with tree cover being unimportant to habitat selection in the mesic, eastern populations during the wet season. A temporal functional response for water was also evident, with greater variability in selection
The Economic Cost of Armed Conflict

This paper estimates the distribution of the effect of armed conflict on real GDP per capita and investment. For each conflict, we construct a synthetic control from a set of conflict-free countries that closely resembles the conflicted country in the pre-conflict period. The economic evolution of this counterfactual country is then checked against the real evolution of the treated country to measure the GDP and investment gap that occurs during the conflict and post-conflict periods. We find that the size of the effect of armed conflict is very heterogeneous and varies widely depending on the type and intensity of the conflict episode being analyzed, as well as the number of years after onset. Conducting the analysis in levels instead of growth rates reveals that there is an economic loss even when there is a peace dividend effect. Our empirical exercise also serves as an illustration of a procedure to estimate the distribution of a heterogeneous treatment effect by means of the synthetic control method.
Effect of different concentrations of commercial seaweed liquid extract of Ascophyllum nodosum as a plant bio stimulant on growth, yield and biochemical constituents of onion (Allium cepa L.)

Seaweed extracts are inexpensive source of naturally occurring plant growth regulators which have greater potential as biostimulants in agriculture. The endogenous plant growth regulators present in the seaweed extracts and concentrates are thought to be involved in the promoting plant growth and yield. Present study examined the effect of seaweed liquid extracts of Ascophyllum nodosum as a plant biostimulant on growth and yield of onion. Six treatments are allocated randomly with four replications using RBD viz. T0Control(0.00%), T1(0.35%), T2(0.45%), T3(0.55%), T4(0.65%) and T5(0.75%). On the basis of present investigation, it may be concluded that treatment recieving 0.55% was found to be the best treatment in terms of leaf number (9.08/plant), plant height (55.20cm/plant),Crop growth rate (33.65g/m/day), fresh bulb diameter (5.13cm/plant),bulb fresh weight (120.21g/plant), harvest index (77.44%), chlorophyll ‘a’ (0.81mg/g), chlorophyll ‘b’ (0.58mg/g), carotenoid content (0.61mg/g), bulb sulphur content (1.80ppm), bulb protein content (1.19mg/g) and leaf protein content (0.46mg/g). While the higher concentration of the extract shows decreasing trend. Our study provide important information on optimization of seaweed liquid extracts on onion crop.
Are Travel Purchases More Satisfactory Than Nontravel Experiential Purchases and Material Purchases? An Exploratory Study

Satisfaction derived from purchases can affect one's happiness and quality of life. Previous studies illustrated that this effect is not equal across purchase categories. Specifically, experiential purchases were found to bring more satisfaction and happiness to consumers than material purchases. However, these comparison studies treated a variety of experiential purchases as one homogeneous category regardless of their nature of consumption. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to bridge this gap and to assess the difference in the level of satisfaction among the three purchase categories: material, travel (composite event experiential purchases), and nontravel experiential purchases (single event experiential purchases). Moreover, this study attempted to ascertain the consistency of these differences across several purchases of each category. By analyzing the satisfaction derived from past actual purchases of 282 participants it was found that respondents were more satisfied with past travel purchases than both past nontravel experiential purchases, and past material purchases. In addition, this study found differences between US and Israeli samples regarding purchase satisfaction derived from the three categories. Lastly, this study also discovered that the price paid for purchases in each of the three categories did not have an effect on the derived satisfaction.