Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rational prescribing in paediatrics in a resource-limited setting

Introduction There is evidence of inappropriate medication use, causing unnecessary costs for health systems, particularly those with limited resources. Overprescription is commonly reported and can lead to antibiotic resistance. Prescribing patterns differ between countries; little is known about paediatric prescribing practices in Africa. Objectives To investigate prescribing practices in children in The Gambia, West Africa. Method A retrospective survey of prescribing practices in children under 5 years of age based on WHO protocol DAP/93.1 was conducted. Twenty government-run health centres across all six regions in The Gambia were assessed. The first 10 encounters each month in 2010 were recorded. For each encounter, patient demographics, diagnoses and medications were recorded as per protocol. Results Two thousand and four hundred patient encounters were included. The mean number of medications per encounter was 2.2 (median 2.0, IQR 2.0–3.0). Across different geographical regions within The Gambia antibiotics were prescribed in 63.4% (IQR 62.8–65.8%) and micronutrients in 21.7% (IQR 15.3–27.1%) of patient encounters. There was evidence of high antibiotic prescription in children with cough and coryzal symptoms (54.5%; IQR 35.8–59.0%) and simple diarrhoea without dehydration (44.8%; IQR 36.7–61.3%). 74.8% (IQR 71.8–76.1%) of medications were prescribed generically. Conclusions The study showed an overprescription of antibiotics and substantial usage of micronutrients despite a lack of international evidence-based guidelines. Cost-effective interventions to improve prescribing practices are called for and more studies with a focus on rational prescribing in paediatrics in low-income settings are urgently required to fill the gap in current knowledge.
The Influence of Consciousness, Tax Penalty and the Quality of Tax Authorities Service on Tax Complience (Survey on Taxpayer of Boarding House in Lowokwaru District)

: This study aims to know the effect of awareness, tax penalties and quality of service tax authorities on the boarding house taxpayer compliance at Lowokwaru area. The kind of this research is kuantitatif with population is boarding house taxpayers at Lowokwaru. Based on data from the Dinas Pendapatan Daerah Kota Malang, until the end of July 2015 there were 673 boarding house. Data was collected by proportional random sampling, the number of sample is 87 boarding house taxpayers at 8 areas. The method of collecting data by distributing questionnaires and documentation. Analysis of the data using logistic regression analysis with SPSS 21 for Windows for helping. Based on the result of analysis, the conclution is awareness, tax penalties and quality of services tax authorities is not effect to the taxpayer compliance. That is because the application of rule boarding house are new for boarding house taxpayer at Lowokwaru area and Dinas Pendapatan Daerah is not give sosialiszation about the rule to the taxpayer. So the knowledge about the rule is still low and then all independence variables not effect to dependen variable. For the next researcher can find other factors that effect to the boarding house taxpayer complience. Keywords: awareness, tax penalties, quality of services tax authorities, taxpayer compliance.
Associations between socioeconomic status and obesity in diverse, young adolescents: variation across race/ethnicity and gender.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity risk during early adolescence, ages 10-13 years, and whether this association is present in different racial/ethnic and gender groups during 2 time points in early adolescence. METHOD Data were from the Healthy Passages study, which enrolled 4,824 African American, Hispanic, and White 5th graders (ages 10-11) in a population-based, longitudinal study conducted in 3 U.S. metropolitan areas, and assessed them again 2 years later. Weight status was classified from measured body mass index using standard criteria into nonobese and obese (27% in 5th grade). SES was indexed based on highest education attainment in the household. RESULTS Youth in the highest SES had a significantly lower prevalence of obesity than those of lower SES at both 5th and 7th grades when disregarding race/ethnicity. Within-racial/ethnic group analyses mostly confirmed this pattern for Hispanic and White youth, but not for African American youth. When also considering gender, the SES differential in obesity risk was more pronounced among White girls and 5th-grade Hispanic boys. CONCLUSION Growing up in a high SES home, marked by having a member with at least a college degree, is associated with lower risk for obesity among Hispanic and White youth. For African American youth, there appears to be no association between SES and obesity. Thus the health advantage generally attributed to higher SES does not appear consistently across racial/ethnic groups for obesity in youth. Further research should identify influences on weight status beyond SES, especially among African American youth.
Mutual Funds and Systematic Investment plans with their best performing funds

Understanding the concept of mutual funds and the different types of the fund. Along with the concepts such as NAV, Rupee-cost averaging. These concepts help in understanding the concepts of Mutual funds and systematic investment plans in a better way. The various mutual funds that are performing good in India are discussed. CRISIL ranks the mutual funds in India so the methodology of the ranking is also needed. The Mutual Fund Industry of India has seen major changes and the changes are needed to be evaluated.
Early Indicators of Fundraising Success by Venture Capital Firms

Abstract We show how a venture capital firm's fundraising is affected by its investment choices. We investigate three leading indicators that are calculated from the types of investments the venture capital firms make: style drift investments, follow-on investments, and investments in which the venture capital firm is not the lead investor in the portfolio company. We find that these investment characteristics are associated with lower fundraising. Characteristics and the reaction of fundraising to characteristics are both moderately stable through time. We also find some evidence that information about investment characteristics is more important for fundraising during bad states of the world and that ex-ante characteristics are related to eventual exit outcomes and financial performance.
Identification of Porphyromonas gingivalis proteins secreted by the Por secretion system.

The Gram-negative bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses a number of potential virulence factors for periodontopathogenicity. In particular, cysteine proteinases named gingipains are of interest given their abilities to degrade host proteins and process other virulence factors such as fimbriae. Gingipains are translocated on the cell surface or into the extracellular milieu by the Por secretion system (PorSS), which consists of a number of membrane or periplasmic proteins including PorK, PorL, PorM, PorN, PorO, PorP, PorQ, PorT, PorU, PorV (PG27, LptO), PorW and Sov. To identify proteins other than gingipains secreted by the PorSS, we compared the proteomes of P. gingivalis strains kgp rgpA rgpB (PorSS-proficient strain) and kgp rgpA rgpB porK (PorSS-deficient strain) using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide-mass fingerprinting. Sixteen spots representing 10 different proteins were present in the particle-free culture supernatant of the PorSS-proficient strain but were absent or faint in that of the PorSS-deficient strain. These identified proteins possessed the C-terminal domains (CTDs), which had been suggested to form the CTD protein family. These results indicate that the PorSS is used for secretion of a number of proteins other than gingipains and that the CTDs of the proteins are associated with the PorSS-dependent secretion.
Credit Ratings and Market Information

How does market information affect credit ratings? How do credit ratings affect market information? We analyze a model in which a credit rating agency's (CRA's) rating is followed by a market for credit risk that provides a public signal - the price. A more accurate rating decreases market informativeness, as it diminishes mispricing and, hence, incentives for investor information acquisition. On the other hand, more-informative trading increases CRA accuracy incentives by making rating inflation more transparent. If the first effect is strong, policies that increase reputational sanctions on CRAs decrease rating inflation, but also decrease the total amount of information.
Exploring Factors of Successful Tendering Practices using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA): The Study of Organizational Repetitions

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and evaluate Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) as a method for exploring the complexity of practices of project organizing and management combining the benefits of top-down and bottom-up research strategies. The QCA method is used in order to describe combinations of factors leading to particular results of tendering practices. Empirical material collected through data mining in previously completed project records (quantitative data) is supported by data obtained from project managers of a general contractor company (qualitative data) in order to holistically describe the combination of conditions resulting in particular tender results. As a result of the analysis, a solution set is found explaining the path leading to project contract winning; previous work experience between client and general contractor together with either previous work experience between architect and general contractor for design-bid-build projects or senior project responsible involvement from the contractors side in design-build projects. The analysis illustrates how QCA is a powerful strategy for exploring the complexity of project practices being able to bridge the divide between top-down and bottom-up research strategies.
Spillovers from FDI and their determinants : the case of China

The thesis examines technology and export spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) and their determinants in China, both at an aggregate industry level and disaggregated firm level, using both cross-sectional and panel data. At the industry level, we examine technology spillovers by estimating industry value-added as a function of the interaction terms of the technology transfer of FDI with the technology gap, relative capital intensity and relative labour supply over an eight-year panel data set from 1995 to 2003. It is found that technology spillovers vary across both industries and time, and the technology gap plays a negative role in technology spillovers. At the firm level, using a simultaneous equation model estimated over a comprehensive cross-sectional micro-data set that covers over 180,000 firms in the manufacturing sector in China for 2003, we find positive and substantial technology spillovers from FDI. However technology spillovers do not exist across all industries. In the cultural, educational, and sporting product manufacturing industry, we find no evidence of technology spillovers. In an analysis of technology spillovers in Gansu province, we find positive spillovers, with the scale depending on firm's R&D. On export spillovers, the thesis first set up a partial equilibrium model to show that if the presence of FDI reduces domestic firm's export costs, for example by spillovers of knowledge about foreign markets and through labour movement, then domestic firms' export intensity, which is equal to the share of firms' exports in their total sales, will be unambiguously promoted. This hypothesis is tested using a Heckman sample selection model, estimated over both the comprehensive cross-sectional micro-data in China' manufacturing sector in 2003 and the four year panel data in the cultural, educational, and sporting product manufacturing industry. We find that FDI generates export spillovers, with the scale of spillovers depending on firm characteristics, such as firm size, age, and geographical location.
The Key Qualities of a Strong Customer Engagement in the Customer-Brand Relationship Context

A strong customer-brand engagement has become the basis in achieving sustained competitiveness and survival. To excel at engaging customers, marketing practitioners heightened the critical need of having a clear definition and understanding of the key qualities of a strong customer engagement. Due to a lack of empirical research, the nature of customer engagement has remained rather vague. Thus, the aim of this study is to bridge this gap by determining the qualities of engaged customers with respect to cognitive, emotional, behavioural and overall engagement. A sample of 600 mobile phone users were surveyed, but only 539 responses were usable. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis. The findings show that customer engagement towards the brand is relatively moderate. Comparing the engagement dimensions, customers are engaged most by behavioural drivers, followed by emotional and cognitive drivers. Moreover, customer behavioural and emotional engagements outperform the overall engagement. This paper is an important contribution to marketing literature, particularly on customer-brand engagement and provides useful managerial insights for marketing practitioners. However, having in mind only one brand and limited choice of the sample, there is a need for replication using other brands with a more extensive sample.
Lack of emergence of resistant fecal flora during successful prophylaxis of traveler's diarrhea with norfloxacin

Norfloxacin, a new quinolone carboxylic acid derivative, was compared with an identical-appearing placebo preparation in a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial for prevention of traveler's diarrhea among 120 U.S. students arriving in Mexico. Prophylaxis was continued for 2 weeks. Diarrhea was defined as four unformed stools in 24 h plus an additional symptom of enteric disease. In the norfloxacin prophylaxis group, 4 of 56 subjects (7%) experienced diarrhea, compared with 36 of 59 subjects (61%) in the placebo group. The difference was significant (P less than 0.0001). In contrast to our previous experience with use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to prevent traveler's diarrhea, quantitative stool cultures in the norfloxacin-treated group revealed a significant decline of normal aerobic fecal flora during prophylaxis (P less than 0.0005). Among stool samples from norfloxacin-treated subjects, 32 of 38 (84%) cultured on day 7 and 34 of 37 (92%) cultured on day 14 had no gram-negative bacilli. After norfloxacin was discontinued, fecal flora returned to pretreatment levels. No gram-negative aerobic flora resistant to norfloxacin were found during weekly quantitative cultures before, during, or after therapy.
PROFILE OF ORGANIC FOOD CONSUMERS IN THE CITY OF GOIANIA-GO

Consumers buy organic food to meet their personal needs, being consistent with their philosophy of life. Understanding the profile of consumers and their preferences contributes to knowing how to improve the satisfaction of such customers and to strengthen the performance of merchants. This study sought to identify the profile of organic food consumers who attend the two organic marketplaces in the city of Goiânia. The survey was applied to consumers in November 2015 and provided 32 complete answers. The results showed that consumers have higher education, that 65.6% have income above R$4,801.00, and 78.1% agree to pay 20% or more for a similar non-organic product. Overall, consumers want to increase the consumption of organic food.
Industry Effects and Convertible Bond Sequence

In this paper, we study how the announcement returns of convertible bonds change for different issues in a sequence for firms in various sectors of the economy. We show that industrial firms obtain significantly lower returns in later issues of convertible bonds compared to former issues. In fact, the announcement returns for the first issue of these firms in our sample period is insignificant while the returns for later issues are significantly negative. We obtain the same result for industrial firms even after we control for other variables that affect announcement returns of convertible bonds. Our results show that the announcement returns for financial firms and utilities do not present this pattern. The returns for these firms are similar for different convertible bond issues in a sequence.
Personalization : Preliminary Results of an Empirical Study of Disclosure Behavior

This paper describes empirical research into the privacy preferences and behaviors of individuals regarding the personalization in music recommender systems. These phenomena concern music recommendations based on two different types of user information: music preferences and personality traits. Our results indicate similar disclosure behavior by users for both types of personal information. This contradicts attitudes of users as reported in post-experiment questionnaires and interviews. Factors found to influence disclosure behavior are: information about the purpose of the disclosure and recipients of the information, the degree of confidentiality of the information involved, and the benefits people expect to gain from disclosing personal information.
Nurses’ Strategies When Providing for Patients’ Aesthetic Needs

The present study was conducted at five hospitals in Sweden. Data were collected by a random procedure from registered nurses (N = 165) in face-to-face interviews. The study reports on how and why nurses provide for patients’ aesthetic needs. Open substantive coding of each interview fractured the data. The category of good for the patient was identified in the following nurses“ statements: “The patient became relaxed” and “It distracted the patient from her pain. ” Regarding the question about how nurses provide for the patients’ aesthetic needs, they did it in a nonactive manner. They used the basic service available at the wards. It could be concluded that although nurses show concern for patients’ aesthetic needs, there is still more to be learned in this area of research. Nurses need to be encouraged to actively incorporate aesthetic means of expression in nursing practice.
Speed Matters: Limited Attention and Supply-Chain Information Diffusion

Using the methodology of Hou and Moskowitz (2005), we develop a new measure of the speed of information diffusion along the supply chain. Using this measure, we find evidence that information diffuses more quickly when key market participants are less subject to limited attention constraints. Specifically, we find that the speed of information diffusion from customer to supplier stock returns is more rapid when analysts dual-cover and institutional investors cross-invest in the supplier and its principal customer. We rely on exogenous shocks to attention from regional flu epidemics and S&P 500 reconstitutions to establish causality. We demonstrate that our speed measure is useful in identifying customer momentum strategies and can be of value to managers who use information in stock prices to guide corporate decisions.
Incidence of Uncomplicated Genital Infections in Women Using Oral Contraception or an Intrauterine Device: A Prospective Study

&NA; Over a period of 2 years, the authors prospectively followed a cohort of 123 women using an intrauterine device (IUD) and 108 women using oral contraception (OC) in one family practice. They found nine new episodes of cervical chlamydial infection in OC users (7/100 Woman years (WY)) as compared to 1 new episode in IUD users (0.8/100 WY), yielding a relative risk (RR) for OC users of 8.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3‐59.0). During the 24 months of observation, 15% of OC and 2% of IUD users acquired at least one episode of Chlamydia trachomatis infection (P = .01). Bacterial vaginosis occurred more frequently in IUD users (25/100 WY) than in OC users (9/100 WY) (RR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.5‐5.1). During the 24‐month period, 50% of women using an IUD had at least one episode of bacterial vaginosis, compared with 20% of the OC users (P = .001). Symptomatic bacterial vaginosis was associated with the use of an IUD (RR for IUD users was 7.7; 95% CI: 2.1‐28.4), whereas asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis was associated with sexual promiscuity.
Everolimus in Combination with Octreotide Long-Acting Repeatable in a First-Line Setting for Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors: A 5-Year Update

Background: We previously presented data of this multicentric, phase II study showing that everolimus plus octreotide long-acting repeatable (LAR) for advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), in the first line setting, is an active and safe treatment. We now present updated data at 5 years. Methods: Patients with advanced well-differentiated, previously untreated neuroendocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic tract and of the lung received octreotide LAR 30 mg plus everolimus 10 mg/day. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). We performed an analysis of “long responder” patients and of time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) at 5 years. Results: Fifty patients were enrolled; the primary tumor site was: pancreas (14 patients), lung (11 patients), ileum (9 patients), jejunum/duodenum (2 patients), and unknown (14 patients). Seventeen (34%) of these patients have received treatment for more than 2 years. The median exposure to study drugs was 519.5 days (range 48-2,024). Currently 3 patients are still in treatment. The ORR (partial response + complete response) was 18% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.4-28.6): complete response 1 patient (2%), partial response 8 patients (16%), stable disease 37 patients (74%). The median TTP was 33.6 months (95% CI 18.7-41.2) and the median OS was 61.0 months (95% CI 49.8-not reached). Conclusion: In this update of clinical outcome at 5-year follow-up, everolimus plus octreotide has been shown to be active in advanced NENs. The current analysis showed a further prolongation of TTP and a long exposure to the study drug without major side effects in the long term.
Basal cell carcinoma and trichoepithelioma: a possible matter of confusion

Difficulty in differentiation between a solitary basal cell carcinoma, which is known as a malign skin lesion and a benign trichoepithelioma, is a frequent problem in all day dermatologic practice. Clinically as well as histopathologically there are a lot of resemblances between these skin tumors. By means of two real life cases, we give here an overview of the possible problems and appliances in distinguishing these two entities; at the end we do some recommendation about the policy.