Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of task complexity on online search behavior of adolescents

Evaluation of information during information problem‐solving processes already starts when trying to select the appropriate search result on a search engine results page (SERP). Up to now, research has mainly focused on the evaluation of webpages, while the evaluation of SERPs received less attention. Furthermore, task complexity is often not taken into account. A within‐subjects design was used to study the influence of task complexity on search query formulation, evaluation of search results, and task performance. Three search tasks were used: a fact‐finding, cause–effect, and a controversial topic task. To measure perceptual search processes, we used a combination of log files, eye‐tracking data, answer forms, and think‐aloud protocols. The results reveal that an increase in task complexity results in more search queries and used keywords, more time to formulate search queries, and more considered search results on the SERPs. Furthermore, higher ranked search results were considered more often than lower ranked results. However, not all the results for the most complex task were in line with expectations. These conflicting results can be explained by a lack of prior knowledge and the possible interference of prior attitudes.
Ethical Orientation for New and Prospective Researchers

The purpose of this article is to identify a range of challenges and dilemmas related to academic integrity. It provides a thorough and thoughtful discussion on different issues associated with research ethics. The objective is to create awareness for new researchers of the seriousness and consequences associated with unethical practices. Academic research is based on six ethical values (a) honesty, (b) fairness, (c) objectivity, (d) openness, (d) trustworthiness, and (e) respect for others. Thus, any violation of these values constitutes fabrication, falsification, and other questionable research practices. However, academic integrity is not limited to research protocol. It involves all academic activities within the scholarly enterprise. Academic dishonesty is a global concern, especially since intellectual property is often stolen. Thus, there is a need for a continuing discussion on academic honesty and intellectual property rights so that the climate of scholastic enterprise is respected.
The 2016 Dana Island Survey: Investigation of an Island Harbor in Ancient Rough Cilicia by the Boğsak Archaeological Survey

Dana Island (ancient Pityoussa) is the largest island of the Taşucu Gulf in Rough Cilicia (Turkey). It is strategically located ca. 2.5 km off the shores of the rugged mainland along an ancient maritime route. In 2016, the island was the subject of investigations by the Boğsak Archaeological Survey (BOGA). The pedestrian, architectural, and shoreline survey revealed a lower settlement along the northwestern shore and an upper settlement associated with a fortress on the south summit. The ceramic assemblage and the architectural remains in the lower settlement indicate that it was built in the Early Roman period and reached its largest extent in late antiquity, when four basilical churches were constructed. As such, it likely functioned as a maritime station offering various services to travelers. The fortress on the southern summit of the island, which has a much earlier history, was refurbished in late antiquity and received a basilical church.
Study on feature extraction methods for character recognition of Balinese script on palm leaf manuscript images

The complexity of Balinese script and the poor quality of palm leaf manuscripts provide a new challenge for testing and evaluation of robustness of feature extraction methods for character recognition. With the aim of finding the combination of feature extraction methods for character recognition of Balinese script, we present, in this paper, our experimental study on feature extraction methods for character recognition on palm leaf manuscripts. We investigated and evaluated the performance of 10 feature extraction methods and we proposed the proper and robust combination of feature extraction methods to increase the recognition rate.
Influence de la température ambiante chez la truie allaitante, une approche par méta‐analyse et modélisation

La truie allaitante est particulierement sensible aux temperatures elevees qui entrainent chez ces animaux une reduction de la consommation d’aliment et de la production laitiere. Ceci s’accompagne d’une mobilisation accrue des reserves corporelles et d’un ralentissement de la croissance des porcelets. Dans le contexte du changement climatique qui accroit la frequence des episodes de forte chaleur, l’objectif de ce travail est d’etablir par meta‐analyse les lois de reponse de la truie et de sa portee a la temperature, pour ensuite les utiliser dans un modele permettant d’adapter les apports nutritionnels au climat. Une base de donnees comportant 46 publications et 254 observations a ete constituee et des equations ont ete ajustees pour predire l’influence de la temperature ambiante sur differents criteres, comme la consommation d’aliment, le rythme respiratoire, la temperature corporelle, la croissance de la portee et la production laitiere. Ces equations sont ensuite utilisees dans un modele de prediction de l’effet du climat. Un premier module bioclimatique permet de determiner l’effet de la temperature exterieure sur la temperature percue par la truie. Un second module predit les effets de la temperature sur la consommation d’aliment et la production de lait, et represente, sur la base du modele InraPorc, les effets sur l’utilisation de l'energie et des acides amines et sur les reserves corporelles. L’ensemble de ce travail permet de disposer d’un outil pour predire les performances et determiner les besoins nutritionnels pour differentes situations climatiques en prenant egalement en compte les caracteristiques des animaux. En termes d'applications pratiques, ceci devrait permettre de mieux adapter la composition de l'aliment en fonction de la saison et de la localisation des elevages.
A Study on the Operative Management of Biliary Strictures

Biliary strictures both benign and malignant, remain one of the most difficult problem encountered by the surgeons. The vast majority of bile duct strictures are iatrogenic and occur mainly as a complication of cholecystectomy, despite greater awareness of the problem and safer techniques of dissection during biliary surgery. Malignant strictures involving the bile ducts remain a major challenge in biliary surgery and may result either from cancers afflicting the ducts, primarily or involving them by extension from the liver, the gallbladder, the pancreas, the papilla of Vater or the duodenum or from adjacent lymph nodes.
Intake of selected micronutrients and risk of colorectal cancer

The relationship between various micronutrients and colorectal cancer risk was investigated using data from a case‐control study conducted between January 1992 and June 1996 in Italy. Cases were 1,953 incident, histologically confirmed colorectal cancers (1,225 of the colon and 728 of the rectum), admitted to the major teaching and general hospitals in the study areas, and 4,154 controls with no history of cancer, admitted to hospitals in the same catchment areas for acute, non‐neoplastic diseases unrelated to the digestive tract and requiring no long‐term modifications of the diet. Dietary habits were investigated using a validated food‐frequency questionnaire. Odds ratio (ORs) were computed after allowance for age, sex and other potential confounding factors, including physical activity, total energy and fibre intake. For most micronutrients, ORs were below unity with increasing quintile of intake. The most consistent protective effects were for carotene, riboflavin and vitamin C (Multivariate ORs from the continuous model, with unit set as the difference between the upper cut‐point of the 4th quintile and that of the 1st one, were 0.65, 0.73 and 0.80, respectively). Inverse relationships were observed also for calcium and vitamin D (ORs of 0.85 and 0.93, respectively). When the combined effect of calcium and vitamin D and selected anti‐oxidants was considered, the OR reached 0.46 in subjects reporting high calcium/vitamin D and high anti‐oxidant intake compared to those reporting low intake of both groups of micronutrients. Most results were apparently stronger for colon cancer and among females. Our results provide further support for a protective effect of several micronutrients on colorectal cancer risk and some indications for a specific and stronger effect of selected anti‐oxidants. Int. J. Cancer 73:525–530, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic Value of Severe Lymphopenia During Pelvic Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Cervical Cancer.

AIM To investigate whether common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) grade 4 lymphopenia (<200 cells/μl) during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is relevant to poor survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed 124 patients with newly diagnosed Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I-III cervical cancer who received weekly cisplatin-based CCRT and brachytherapy using Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Grade 4 lymphopenia significantly predicted disease-specific survival (DSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval (CI))=3.6 (1.37-9.44), p=0.009 and 3.28 (1.27-8.48), p=0.014, respectively). The 5-year DSS and 3-year PFS were significantly higher among patients with grade 2-3 lymphopenia (≥200 cells/μl) than among those with grade 4 lymphopenia (84.8% vs. 50.4%, p<0.001, and 80.7% vs. 50%, p=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION Severe lymphopenia during CCRT could predict poor survival.
Transient elastography for the noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis: a multicentre Canadian study.

BACKGROUND Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using transient elastography (TE) is a promising tool for the noninvasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis. OBJECTIVES To determine the feasibility and performance of TE in a North American cohort of patients with chronic liver disease. METHODS LSMs were obtained using TE in 260 patients with chronic hepatitis B or C, or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from four Canadian hepatology centres. The accuracy of TE compared with liver biopsy for the prediction of significant fibrosis (Metavir fibrosis score of F2 or greater), bridging fibrosis (Metavir fibrosis score of F3 or greater) and cirrhosis (Metavir fibrosis score of F4 ) was assessed using area under ROC curves (AUROCs), and compared with the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index. The influence of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and other factors on liver stiffness was determined using linear regression analyses. RESULTS failure of TE occurred in 2.7% of patients, while liver biopsies were inadequate for staging in 0.8%. Among the remaining 251 patients, the AUROCs of TE for Metavir fibrosis scores of F2 and F3 or greater, and F4 were 0.74 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.80), 0.89 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.94), and 0.94 (95% CI 0.90 to 0.97), respectively. LSM was more accurate than the aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index for bridging fibrosis (AUROC 0.78) and cirrhosis (AUROC 0.88), but not significant fibrosis (AUROC 0.76). At a cut-off of 11.1 kPa, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for cirrhosis (prevalence 11%) were 96%, 81%, 39% and 99%, respectively. For significant fibrosis (prevalence 53%), a cut-off of 7.7 kPa was 68% sensitive and 69% specific, and had a positive predictive value of 70% and a negative predictive value of 65%. Liver stiffness was independently associated with ALT, body mass index and steatosis. The optimal LSM cut-offs for cirrhosis were 11.1 kPa and 11.5 kPa in patients with ALT levels lower than 100 U⁄L and 100 U⁄L or greater, respectively. For fibrosis scores of F2 or greater, these figures were 7.0 kPa and 8.6 kPa, respectively. CONCLUSIONS the major role of TE is the exclusion of bridging fibrosis and cirrhosis. However, TE cannot replace biopsy for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis. Because liver stiffness may be influenced by significant ALT elevation, body mass index and⁄or steatosis, tailored liver stiffness cut-offs may be necessary to account for these factors.
Requirements for cellular co‐trafficking of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor to Weibel–Palade bodies

Background: von Willebrand factor (VWF) serves a critical role as a carrier of factor (F)VIII in circulation. While it is generally believed that FVIII and VWF assemble in circulation after secretion from different cells, an alternative view is that cells should exist that co‐express FVIII and VWF.Objectives: In this study, intracellular co‐expression of FVIII and VWF was studied, with particular reference to complex assembly and high‐affinity interaction.Methods: Using yellow fluorescent protein‐tagged FVIII (FVIII‐YFP) and cyan fluorescent protein‐tagged VWF (VWF‐CFP), we studied intracellular trafficking in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The role of the high‐affinity interaction between FVIII and VWF was assessed using a FVIII‐YFP variant carrying a Tyr1680Phe substitution, which abolishes high‐affinity binding to VWF. Cellular trafficking studies were complemented by binding studies employing purified proteins.Results: Solid phase binding assays employing FVIII‐YFP demonstrated that the presence of the fluorescent moiety did not compromise high‐affinity binding (Kd = 0.065 ± 0.008 nm) whereas the binding of the Tyr1680Phe FVIII‐YFP variant was significantly reduced. Co‐expression studies in HEK293 cells revealed intracellular co‐storage of both FVIII‐YFP and Tyr1680Phe FVIII‐YFP within VWF‐containing storage organelles. In addition, expression of FVIII‐YFP and Tyr1680Phe FVIII‐YFP in HUVEC demonstrated co‐trafficking with endogenous VWF to authentic Weibel–Palade bodies (WPBs). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that FVIII trafficking to WPBs is independent of Tyr1680 and high‐affinity binding to VWF. We therefore conclude that the structural requirements that determine intracellular co‐trafficking differ from those that determine complex assembly in circulation.
Diagnostic Value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Crohn's Disease

The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and non-CD controls. These ratios were all derived from complete blood counts. Two hundred and six participants including CD inpatients and non-CD controls were retrospectively enrolled. We found statistically higher NLR and PLR and lower LMR in CD patients than in non-CD controls (all P < 0.01). However, NMR was not different between the two groups (P = 0.18). In addition, NLR, PLR, and LMR were associated with CRP and ESR. Optimal cutoffs for NLR and PLR were 2.72 (sensitivity: 68.3%, specificity: 75.9%, and overall accuracy: 70.1%) and 132.88 (sensitivity: 76.7%, specificity: 84.8%, and overall accuracy: 80.8%), respectively. In conclusion, the NLR and PLR might be effective, readily available, and low-cost biomarkers for differentiating CD patients from non-CD controls.
Reliability analysis of memory centric LDPC decoders under probabilistic storage failures

In this paper, we perform a simulated fault injection reliability assessment of memory centric flooded LDPC decoders affected by probabilistic storage errors. We investigate the error correction capability in terms of Frame Error Rate (FER) of faulty flooded Min-Sum decoder, under Binary Additive White Gaussian Noise (BiAWGN) channel model. We have injected all the memories, as well as only the memories associated to each type of message. The analysis indicates that the LDPC decoders are capable to correct errors affecting the memory blocks within the decoder. Furthermore, a graceful degradation of the error correction capability of the decoder can be observed with the increase in the error probabilities can be observed. The results show that, although the error rate is 3 χ smaller in the input LLR memory, they have the strongest impact in the overal reliability of the decoder.
p 53 Binding Protein 1 ( 53 BP 1 ) Is an Early Participant in the Cellular Response to DNA Double-Strand Breaks

p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1), a protein proposed to function as a transcriptional coactivator of the p53 tumor suppressor, has BRCT domains with high homology to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad9p DNA damage checkpoint protein. To examine whether 53BP1 has a role in the cellular response to DNA damage, we probed its intracellular localization by immunofluorescence. In untreated primary cells and U2OS osteosarcoma cells, 53BP1 exhibited diffuse nuclear staining; whereas, within 5–15 min after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), 53BP1 localized at discreet nuclear foci. We propose that these foci represent sites of processing of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), because they were induced by IR and chemicals that cause DSBs, but not by ultraviolet light; their peak number approximated the number of DSBs induced by IR and decreased over time with kinetics that parallel the rate of DNA repair; and they colocalized with IRinduced Mre11/NBS and g -H2AX foci, which have been previously shown to localize at sites of DSBs. Formation of 53BP1 foci after irradiation was not dependent on ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS1), or wild-type p53. Thus, the fast kinetics of 53BP1 focus formation after irradiation and the lack of dependency on ATM and NBS1 suggest that 53BP1 functions early in the cellular response to DNA DSBs.
Effect of Parameters of an Electromagnetic Shunt Damper on Whirling Amplitude Reduction of a Rotor Supported by a Superconducting Magnetic Bearing

A superconducting magnetic bearing can levitate a rotor without contact. However, the rotor can whirl with large amplitude. To reduce the whirling amplitude, we focused on an electromagnetic shunt damper that is appliable to a rotor system. In this paper, an analysis considering influence of magnetic flux density distribution on dynamics of the rotor was carried out. From linearized and nondimensionalized governing equations, we obtained one parameter that determines the damper's effectiveness. Further, numerical calculation was performed and the optimum value concerning the dimensions of the electromagnetic shunt damper was obtained.
Structure and chemistry of cytochrome P450.

Two decades have passed since the discovery in liver microsomes of a haemprotein that forms a reduced-CO complex with the absorptive maximum of the Soret at 450 nm (Klingenberg, 1958; Garfinkel, 1958) and the identification of this protein as a new cytochrome: pigment cytochrome, P-450 (Omura and Sato, 1962, 1964a). In the intervening years, the study of cytochrome P-450 dependent monoxygenases has expanded exponentially. From the first crude attempts to solubilise a P-450 (Omura and Sato, 1963, 1964b) to the determination of the primary, secondary, and tertiary structure of cytochrome P-450cam by amino acid sequencing (Haniu et al., 1982a,b) and x-ray crystallography (Poulos et al., 1984) our understanding of this unique family of proteins has been advancing on all fronts. Since, perhaps, the greatest understanding of the structure and mechanism of P-450s has come from concentrated study of P-450cam of the Pseudomonas putida camphor-5-exo-hydroxylase, this review will concentrate on findings with P-450cam; attention will be drawn to parallel and contrasting examples from other P-450s as appropriate.
A new regulatory domain on the TATA‐binding protein

Recognition of the TATA box by the TATA‐binding protein (TBP) is a highly regulated step in RNA polymerase II‐dependent transcription. Several proteins have been proposed to regulate TBP activity, yet the TBP domains responsive to all these regulators have not been defined. Here we describe a new class of TBP mutants that increase transcription from core promoters in vivo. The majority of these mutations alter amino acids that cluster tightly on the TBP surface, defining a new TBP regulatory domain. The mutant TBP proteins are defective for binding the transcriptional regulator yNC2, are resistant to inhibition by yNC2 in vitro and exhibit allele‐specific genetic interactions with yNC2. These results provide strong biochemical and genetic evidence that TBP is directly repressed in vivo, and define a new TBP domain important for transcriptional regulation.
Using the evaporative stress index to monitor flash drought in Australia

Flash drought is a term and concept that has gained increasing attention in the research literature and media since it was first coined in the United States in the early 2000s to describe a drought that has undergone rapid intensification. In Australia the term has recently been used in reference to the 2017/18 drought in eastern Australia. Due to its rapid intensification, the impacts of flash droughts will likely occur too quickly for many of the usual drought-coping mechanisms to be deployed. This study proposes the use of the evaporative stress index (ESI), the standardized anomaly of the actual evapotranspiration to potential evapotranspiration ratio, to identify flash droughts in Australia computed using daily outputs from the Bureau of Meteorology’s land surface water balance model AWRA-L. The case study of the January 2018 flash drought in eastern Australia is used to assess and demonstrate the suitability of the ESI. Results show that the ESI accurately highlighted the event and offered potential for flash drought pre-warning by a few weeks. In addition, the availability of long term high-resolution outputs from AWRA-L offers the ability to investigate multiple flash drought events in detail for greater understanding and to inform stakeholders.
HOGG 1 Ser 326 Cys Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Head and Neck Cancer : a Meta-analysis

Head and neck cancer (HNC; including cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx) is one of the most common cancers worldwide (Jemal et al., 2005). Various risk factors have been thought to be associated with HNC, including cigarette smoking (Stockwell and Lyman, 1986), heavy alcohol consumption (Pelucchi et al., 2008), and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) (Fakhry and Gillison, 2006; Lescaille et al., 2011). To our best knowledge, oxidative DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species is one of the genotoxic effects of tobacco, and as one of the most common forms of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine is an important marker of cellular oxidative stress (Goode et al., 2002). The human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) gene encodes a DNA glycosylase/AP-lyase, which plays an important role in the base excision repair pathway(BER) (Boiteux and Radicella, 2000). The hOGG1 protein is involved in recognizing the DNA oxidative lesion and catalyzing the removal of 8-hydroxy-
Growing Cholesterol‐Dependent NS0 Myeloma Cell Line in the Wave Bioreactor System: Overcoming Cholesterol‐Polymer Interaction by Using Pretreated Polymer or Inert Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene

Difficulty in growing cholesterol‐dependent NS0 cells in the Wave bioreactor using the original low‐density polypropylene (LDPE) bags has been encountered. It has been shown that in these bags chemically defined cholesterol is depleted from solution and therefore unavailable for the cells. Our data suggest that the cause of the depletion is not chemical but is due to the physical structure of the polymer. It is proposed that polymer structures with inkbottle pores retain cholesterol, whereas structures with V‐shaped pores adsorb cholesterol reversibly. Ultra‐low‐density polyethylene (ULDPE) bags can support cell growth but need to be pretreated with excess cholesterol. Another material, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) does not need to be pretreated and is found to be superior (negligible cholesterol adsorption) as a result of its inert characteristics.