Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Osteonecrosis of the Mandible or Maxilla Associated with the use of New Generation Bisphosphonates

Objective: The use of bisphosphonates is well established for the treatment of patients with metastatic bone disease, osteoporosis, and Paget's disease. Osteonecrosis of the mandible or maxilla associated with the use of bisphosphonates is a newly described entity never before discussed in the otolaryngology literature. In this paper, we review a series of patients diagnosed with osteonecrosis, all treated with new generation bisphosphonates. Our objective is to inform and educate others, particularly otolaryngologists/head and neck surgeons, about this drug induced entity, a condition that should be recognized early to avoid potential devastating consequences.
The Distribution and Abundance of Tsetse

anatomical variability is briefly discussed, and the data presented show that mathematical precision should not be expected using stereotaxic methods. The distance of the midpoint of the interior commissure from the frontal zero plane ranges from 12.2 mm. to 15.4 mm. , a difference of 3 mm. in a series of only six cats' brains. There is a general agreement in the anatomical location of the different septal structures with respect to other published maps, with differences smaller than 1 mm. A possible handicap of the atlas is that it is based on paraffin sections, without specifying the degree of retraction determined by the use of paraffin, which may be as much as 20 per cent of the original dimensions of the brain. The book has, also, a brief description of physiological and behavioral effects associated with electrical stimulation and lesions of the septum, based on a comparative philogenetic study of the nuclear cyto-architectonics of placental mammals. The presentation is very attractive, and the authors are well-known authorities on the subject.
Recognition of immunoglobulin A1 by oral actinomyces and streptococcal lectins

Actinomyces naeslundii and Streptococcus gordonii, oral bacteria that possess Gal/GalNAc- and sialic acid-reactive lectins, respectively, were adherent to immobilized secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) and two IgA1 myeloma proteins but not to two IgA2 myeloma proteins. Apparently, O-linked oligosaccharides at the hinge region of the IgA1 heavy chain are receptors for lectin-mediated adhesion of these bacteria.
The influence of performance standards and feedback on speed and accuracy in an electronically monitored data-entry task

This study examined performance effects of using electronic performance monitoring (EPM) and feedback to induce compliance with speed and accuracy standards in a data entry task. The study focused on subjects who had difficulty meeting a preestablished data entry speed standard. Subjects performed a data‐entry task for 3 days. On the 1st (baseline) day, no performance standards were imposed, and all subjects were instructed to work at their normal speed and accuracy levels. For the 2nd and 3rd days of the experiment, subjects were assigned at random to one of two groups. In an experimental group, EPM and feedback were used to induce compliance with preestablished speed and accuracy standards. In a control group, subjects were unaware of EPM and received no feedback; they were instructed to continue working at their normal speed and accuracy levels. The introduction of EPM work management in the experimental group led to significant increases in data‐entry speed that were accompanied by significant increas.
Heat Treatment of Amphotericin B Modifies Its Serum Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, and Renal Toxicity following Administration of a Single Intravenous Dose to Rabbits

ABSTRACT The purpose of this investigation was to determine the serum pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and renal toxicity of amphotericin B (AmpB) following administration of a single intravenous dose (1 mg/kg of body weight) of Fungizone (FZ) and a heat-treated form of FZ (HFZ) to New Zealand White female rabbits. FZ solutions were heated at 70°C for 20 min to produce HFZ. Blood samples were obtained before drug administration and serially thereafter. After collection of the 48-h blood sample, each rabbit was humanely sacrificed and the right kidney, spleen, lungs, liver, and heart were harvested for AmpB analysis. Serum creatinine levels were measured before and 10 h after drug administration. AmpB concentrations in the serum and tissues were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. FZ administration to rabbits resulted in a greater-than-50% increase in serum creatinine concentrations compared to baseline. However, HFZ administration resulted in no difference in serum creatinine concentrations compared to baseline. The AmpB area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) after HFZ administration was significantly lower than the AmpB AUC in rabbits administered FZ. However, AmpB systemic total body clearance was significantly greater in rabbits administered HFZ than in rabbits administered FZ without any differences in volume of distribution at steady state. Kidney tissue AmpB concentrations, although not significantly different, were greater in rabbits administered FZ than in rabbits administered HFZ. Likewise, lung and spleen AmpB concentrations, although not significantly different, were greater in rabbits administered FZ than in rabbits administered HFZ. However, liver AmpB concentrations were significantly lower in rabbits administered FZ than in rabbits administered HFZ. No significant differences in heart AmpB concentration between rabbits administered FZ and those given HFZ were found. These findings suggest that the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and renal toxicity of AmpB are modified following administration of HFZ. HFZ could be an improved low-cost AmpB drug delivery system that has a potentially higher therapeutic index than FZ.
Anti–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Liposomes Loaded with 225Ac for Potential Targeted Antivascular α-Particle Therapy of Cancer

This study evaluates targeted liposomes loaded with the α-particle generator 225Ac to selectively kill prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–expressing cells with the aim to assess their potential for targeted antivascular radiotherapy. Methods: In this study, PEGylated liposomes were loaded with 225Ac and labeled with the mouse antihuman PSMA J591 antibody or with the A10 PSMA aptamer. The targeting selectivity, extent of internalization, and killing efficacy of liposomes were evaluated on monolayers of prostate cancer cells intrinsically expressing PSMA (human LNCaP and rat Mat-Lu cells) and on monolayers of HUVEC induced to express PSMA (induced HUVEC). Results: The loading efficiency of 225Ac into preformed liposomes ranged from 58.0% ± 4.6% to 85.6% ± 11.7% of introduced radioactivity. The conjugation reactions resulted in approximately 17 ± 2 J591 antibodies and 9 ± 2 A10 aptamers per liposome. The average size of liposomes, 107 ± 2 nm in diameter, was not affected by conjugation or loading. LNCaP cells exhibit 2:1:0.5 relative PSMA expression, compared with MatLu and induced HUVEC, respectively, based on flow cytometry detecting association of the J591 antibody. J591-labeled liposomes display higher levels of total specific binding to all cell lines than A10 aptamer-labeled liposomes. Specific cell association of targeted liposomes increases with incubation time. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrate that radiolabeled J591-labeled liposomes are most cytotoxic, with median lethal dose values, after 24 h of incubation, equal to 1.96 (5.3 × 10−5), 2.92 × 102 (7.9 × 10−3), and 2.33 × 101 Bq/mL (6.3 × 10−4 μCi/mL) for LNCaP, Mat-Lu, and induced HUVEC, respectively, which are comparable to the values for the radiolabeled J591 antibody. For A10 aptamer–labeled liposomes, the corresponding values are 3.70 × 101 (1.0 × 10−3), 1.85 × 103 (5.0 × 10−2), and 4.07 × 103 Bq/mL (1.1 × 10−1 μCi/mL), respectively. Conclusion: Our studies demonstrate that anti-PSMA–targeted liposomes loaded with 225Ac selectively bind, become internalized, and kill PSMA-expressing cells including endothelial cells induced to express PSMA. These findings—combined with the unique ability of liposomes to be easily tuned, in terms of size and surface modification, for optimizing biodistributions—suggest the potential of PSMA-targeting liposomes encapsulating α-particle emitters for selective antivascular α radiotherapy.
Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of the herbal agent Pygeum africanum on cultured prostate stromal cells from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Previous reports show that the herbal agent Pygeum africanum (PA) used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) inhibits proliferation of prostate stromal cells from BPH tissues. To determine underlying mechanisms, we compared proliferative and apoptotic responses to PA between BPH and non‐BPH prostate stromal cells with a focus on the specific reaction displayed by stromal cell subsets. An interaction of PA with growth factors and hormones was also investigated.
Effect of oral health education in the form of Braille and oral health talk on oral hygiene knowledge, practices, and status of 12–17 years old visually impaired school girls in Pune city: A comparative study

Aim: To assess the effect of oral health education (OHE) in the form of Braille and combination with Oral health talk (OHT) on oral hygiene knowledge, practices, and status of 12–17 years old visually impaired school girls in Pune city. Materials and Methods: A 6-week comparative study was conducted among 74 residential visually impaired school girls aged 12–17 years, who were trained to read Braille. The participants were divided into two groups, namely, Group A (n = 37) receiving OHE only in the form of Braille and Group B (n = 37) receiving OHE in form of Braille and OHT at baseline, 2, and 4-week interval. Oral health knowledge was assessed using a self-administered, pre-validated, pre-tested questionnaire typed in Marathi Braille. Assessment of oral hygiene practices and status was done using standardized proforma and simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), respectively, at baseline and at the end of 6 weeks. Data was analyzed using paired and unpaired Student's t-test. Results: The results showed a statistically significant increase in oral health knowledge levels in Group B (4.95 ± 1.66) as compared to Group A (2.97 ± 1.28). There was a significant increase in the frequency of mouth-rinsing in Group B (97.3%) as compared to Group A (86.5%) as well as in the tongue cleaning practice in Group B (100%) as compared to Group A (81.1%) at the end of 6 weeks. Conclusion: OHE in the form of Braille and OHT was more effective than OHE using only Braille.
Evolution of Lung Cancer Chemotherapy: A Brief Review

Lung cancer is one of the most lethal forms of cancer worldwide. Even in this era of advances in cancer treatment modalities, the mortality of lung cancer continues to rise. Lung cancer is notorious for detection usually in an advanced stage where surgery has very little role. Targeted therapy in the form of various classes of tyrosine kinase inhibitors offer a great option for better lung cancer management.
Combining Job Stress Models in Predicting Burnout by Hierarchical Multiple Regressions: A Cross-sectional Investigation in Shanghai

Objective: To compare the predictive validity of the demand control and effort-reward imbalance model, alone and in combination with each other, for job burnout in Shanghai employees. Methods: A sample of 1368 Shanghai employees responded to a core job stress questionnaire and burnout scale in Chinese. Hierarchically moderated multiple regressions were used to analyze the relationship between job stress and burnout. Results: All factors from both job stress models predicted 33.5% of the variance in emotional exhaustion, and 20.9% in depersonalization and 5.5% in personal accomplishment. Factors from the effort-reward model demonstrated more power in predicting emotional exhaustion and depersonalization than that of demand control model. Personal accomplishment was significantly associated with sociodemographic factors. Outcome: The combination of two models may improve our understanding of the relationship between the psychosocial work environment and job burnout.
Lymphoma Risk in Psoriasis

Main Outcome Measure: Incidence of lymphoma relative to that expected in the general US population (original primary end point of the study). Results: The incidence of lymphoma in patients who received PUVA and were not exposed to high levels of methotrexate was comparable to that expected in the general population (incidence rate ratio, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.37-1.67) but was elevated among those exposed to high levels of methotrexate ( 36 months) (incidence rate ratio, 4.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.59-12.06).
Influence of Drought‐Induced Water Stress on Soybean and Spinach Leaf Ascorbate‐Dehydroascorbate Level and Redox Status1,2

We examined the influence of water stress (water deficit) induced by drought on the steady state levels of ascorbic acid (ASC), dehydroascorbate (DHA), and the ASC:DHA redox status in leaflets of Glycine max (soybean) and leaves of Spinacia oleracea (spinach). Two soybean cultivars (cv. Essex and cv. Forrest) and one spinach cultivar (cv. Nordic) were grown in high‐light growth chambers (≈1000–1200 μmol m−2 s−1) or in the greenhouse during May, June, and July 1999. The cultivars were supplied with water until ≈25–29 d postemergence, at which time one‐half of the plants were not watered for a period of from 4.5 to 7.5 d; the other half of the plants were provided water daily and served as controls. On designated days, leaf water potential (&PSgr;Leaf) was measured, and leaf disks of constant area were excised in the period between ≈1230 and 1330 hours. Leaf disk samples were immediately frozen in liquid N2, samples were extracted, and ASC and DHA levels were measured and expressed as μmol per gram dry mass per time point. For the soybean cultivars, low &PSgr;Leaf values (≈−3.00 to −3.95 MPa) were accompanied by slight decreases in ASC levels and slight increases in DHA levels per gram dry mass. In some cases, leaflet ASC levels of water‐stressed soybeans were similar to controls or were even increased by as much as 1.2 times. In soybeans, the mole fraction of ASC remained at 93–99 mol% of the total ascorbate ( \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$\mathrm{ASC}\,+\mathrm{DHA}\,$$ \end{document} ), indicating that most of the total ascorbate remained in the reduced form even at low water potential. In spinach plants subjected to water stress (−1.8 to −2.6 MPa), leaf ASC decreased as much as 38%, but the ASC remained at 96–99 mol% of the total ascorbate. It is concluded that during water stress, enzymes of the ascorbate‐glutathione cycle in leaf mesophyll cells, as well as in the system that generates reductant to support DHA to ASC recycling, e.g., photosynthetic electron transport in chloroplasts, is able to remain active enough to maintain reduction of DHA to ASC.
Cardiovascular risk factors of young adults in relation to parental Socioecinomic status: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

The Socioeconomic status (SES) of the family influences the cardiovascular risk status of children and adolescents; however, it is not as well known whether parental SES has any effect on the risk factor profile of young adults. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relations of different aspects of parental SES, namely occupation, education, income and living area, to the common cardiovascular risk factors of their offspring (n = 919) aged 18, 21 and 24 years as a part of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study in 1986. Subjects from farming families and rural areas had the highest serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values, and the lowest diastolic blood pressure compared with subjects from other occupational groups and subjects from urban regions. The diet of young adults from farming families and from rural areas contained more saturated fatty acids and less monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, the body mass index was lower in subjects from urban regions compared with rural regions, and physical inactivity was less common in the urban group. Subjects with the highest parental occupational status smoked less compared with those with the lowest status. Parental education related inversely to physical inactivity and directly to dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. The income level of the family associated positively with frequent inebriation by alcoholic beverages and inversely with the percentage of dietary energy from fat. In conclusion, there were modest inverse associations between different indicators of the SES of parents and some of the traditional risk factors of their offspring in young adulthood, which may contribute to the future risk of cardiovascular diseases.
A realistic fault model for flash memories

To explore all faulty behavior on NAND-type flash memory is impractical, and the defects in the SPICE model level are considered. In this paper, two SPICE models of the flash cell are developed and used for circuit-level faulty behavior simulation. The faulty behaviors can be classified to six types and applied for the fault modeling or testing of NAND-type flash memory.
Effect of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ +874, IL-18–137 G/C,–607 C/A) genes in relation to risk of vesico-ureteral reflux

Abstract Aim: The aim this work is to estimate whether genetic polymorphisms of +874 of IFN-γ and −137 G/C,−607 C/A of IL-18 genes are implicated in the development of VUR, because a vast literature indicates that genetic variations play a significant role in the pathogenesis of VUR. Materials and methods: The PCR single specific primer (SSP) and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) were applied for analyzing the polymorphic sites of −137 G/C,−607 C/A of IL-18 and +874 of IFN-γ genes in 110 healthy controls and 124 VUR children. Results: A significant relationship was found between AT and combined AT + TT genotypes of IFN-γ and highly increased risk of VUR (OR = 4.2, 95% CI, 2.00–9.24; p < 0.0001: OR = 4.00, 95% CI, 1.90–8.70, p < 0.0001, respectively). On the other hand, the genotype frequency of IL18-137 G/C indicated a significant assessment of the decrease risk of VUR for GC and GC + CC genotypes (OR = 0.53, 95% CI, 0.3–0.9; p = 0.02: OR = 0.53, 95% CI, 0.3–0.92 p = 0.01, respectively). No significant association was found between −607 C/A polymorphism of IL-18 and UVR. Conclusion: To the author's best knowledge, this is the first data regarding polymorphism of IFN-γ (+874) cytokine genes that highly increased the risk of VUR. To confirm the presented data, further studies should be done in different populations with a larger sample size.
Gender Differences in Cognitive and Affective Responses to Sexual Coercion

This study examined gender differences in responses to sexual coercive experiences in mixed-sex (male–female) relationships. Participants were 112 women and 28 men who had experienced sexual coercion and completed measures of cognitive (attributions to self, attributions to the coercer, internal attributions) and affective (guilt, shame) self-blame, trauma symptoms, and upset at the time of the incident) with respect to their most serious or upsetting sexually coercive experience. The women were more upset than were the men at the time of the incident. Contrary to predictions, the men and women did not differ in the extent to which they attributed blame to themselves or the strength of their internal attributions, guilt, or shame. Both the men and women attributed more blame to the coercer than to themselves; however, the women attributed more blame to the coercer than did the men. The women reported more trauma symptoms than the men did which was related to the finding that more women than men had experienced sexual coercion involving physical force. These results are discussed in terms of the similarities and differences between men’s and women’s cognitive and affective responses to sexual coercion.
Being positive despite illness: The contribution of positivity to the quality of life of cancer patients

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal relationship between Positivity (POS), defined as a stable disposition to view at experience under a positive outlook, and physical and psychological functioning in a sample of cancer patients immediately after diagnosis and one year later. Methods: A total of 110 patients (40% males) with pulmonary, colorectal and breast cancer, aged 30–75 (M age = 59.62; SD = 10.33), have been prospectively enrolled between 2012 and 2013, at the S. Andrea Hospital in Rome. All patients were previously aware of their diagnosis. A follow-up one year after diagnosis was conducted. We used structural equation modeling in order to analyse the specific effects of POS on functioning impairment from diagnosis to follow up. Results: POS was associated with less functioning impairment both at diagnosis and follow-up assessments. Furthermore, POS level at diagnosis continued to be associated with less functioning impairment one year later, after controlling for its stability. Conclusions: Patients with higher level of POS tended to report less symptoms associated with negative affect such as anxiety and despondency and to preserve their habitual relationships and social roles. POS may act as a basic disposition that sustains patients’ efforts to deal efficaciously with severe illness, by complying with medical treatment and using cognitive strategies that enable individuals to cope with concurrent and prospective challenges of illness.
Review of size- and age-dependence in batch spawning : implications for stock assessment of fish species exhibiting indeterminate fecundity

Most assessments of fish stocks use some measure of the reproductive potential of a population, such as spawning biomass. However, the correlation between spawning biomass and reproductive potential is not always strong, and it likely is weakest in the tropics and subtropics, where species tend to exhibit indeterminate fecundity and release eggs in batches over a protracted spawning season. In such cases, computing annual reproductive output requires estimates of batch fecundity and the annual number of batches—the latter subject to spawning frequency and duration of spawning season. Batch fecundity is commonly measured by age (or size), but these other variables are not. Without the relevant data, the annual number of batches is assumed to be invariant across age. We reviewed the literature and found that this default assumption lacks empirical support because both spawning duration and spawning frequency generally increase with age or size. We demonstrate effects of this assumption on measures of reproductive value and spawning potential ratio, a metric commonly used to gauge stock status. Model applications showed substantial sensitivity to age dependence in the annual number of batches. If the annual number of batches increases with age but is incorrectly assumed to be constant, stock assessment models would tend to overestimate the biological reference points used for setting harvest rates. This study underscores the need to better understand the age or size-dependent contrast in the annual number of batches, and we conclude that, for species without evidence to support invariance, the default assumption should be replaced with one that accounts for age- or size-dependence.