Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Roles of LysP and CadC in mediating the lysine requirement for acid induction of the Escherichia coli cad operon

Expression of the Escherichia coli cadBA operon, encoding functions required for the conversion of lysine to cadaverine and for cadaverine excretion, requires at least two extracellular signals: low pH and a high concentration of lysine. To better understand the nature of the lysine-dependent signal, mutants were isolated which expressed a cadA-lacZ transcription fusion in the absence of lysine while retaining pH regulation. The responsible mutation in one of these isolates (EP310) was in cadC, a gene encoding a function necessary for transcriptional activation of cadBA. This mutation (cadC310) is in a part of the gene encoding the periplasmic domain of CadC and results in an Arg-to-Cys change at position 265, indicating that this part of the protein is involved in responding to the presence of lysine. Three other mutants had mutations mapping in or near lysP (cadR), a gene encoding a lysine transport protein that has previously been shown to regulate cadA expression. One of these mutations is an insertion in the lysP coding region. Thus, in the absence of exogenous lysine, LysP is a negative regulator of cadBA expression. Negative regulation by LysP was further demonstrated by showing that lysP expression from a high-copy-number plasmid rendered cadA-lacZ uninducible. Expression of cadA-lacZ in a strain carrying the cadC310 allele, however, was not affected by the plasmid-expressed lysP. Cadaverine was shown to inhibit expression of the cadA-lacZ fusion in cadC+ cells but not in a cadC310 background.
Self-estimation of Oral Malodor

Bad breath (halitosis, oral malodor) is a common condition, usually the result of microbial putrefaction within the oral cavity. Often, people suffering from bad breath remain unaware of it, whereas others remain convinced that they suffer from foul oral malodor, although there is no evidence for such. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether objective self-measurement of oral malodors is possible. Each of 52 volunteers was asked to sample the odor from his/her mouth, tongue, and saliva. Results were compared with (i) self-assessments prior to (preconception) and following (post-measurement) self-measurements; (ii) odor judge scores; (iii) dental measurements (plaque index, gingival index, and probing depth); (iv) volatile sulphide levels; (v) salivary cadaverine levels; and (vi) intra-oral trypsin-like activity. Among the self-measurements, only saliva self-scores yielded significant correlations with objective parameters. Despite the partial objectivity of saliva self-estimates, subsequent post-measurement self-assessments failed to correlate with objective parameters. The results suggest that (i) preconceived notions confound the ability to score one's own oral malodors in an objective fashion; and (ii) partial objectivity can be obtained in the case of saliva self-measurement, presumably because the stimulus is removed from the body proper.
Hashimoto Thyroiditis in Childhood – Review of the Epidemiology, Genetic Susceptibility and Clinical Aspects of the Disease

Abstract Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most common cause of thyroid diseases in children and adolescents. It is also the most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism with or without goiter. The incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis has increased dramatically over the past few decades, affecting up to 5% of the general population in iodine sufficient areas. HT is caused by the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and endogenous factors. Significant progress has been made in identifying and characterizing the genes involved in pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this review is to analyze current opinions and options regarding the etiology, genetic contribution to the pathogenesis, evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the HT in children.
Employee organisational commitment : The role of HRM practices, public service motivation, and job satisfaction

This dissertation is a compilation of three empirical studies on employee organizational commitment in the Ethiopian health care sector. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the chain of factors that lead into commitment of the health workforce. The first empirical study is about the mechanisms through which HRM practices influence employee organizational commitment. In this part of the dissertation, testing unveiled an indirect path from HRM practices to employee organizational commitment going through job satisfaction. The second study aimed to resolve the skepticism regarding the link between HRM practices and employee well-being/job satisfaction by integrating PSM as a moderating variable. This moderation analysis made it possible to shed light on why HRM practices may not have a statistically significant influence on employee well-being. Thus, for workers with a higher PSM level there is a strong positive association between HRM practices and employee well-being/job satisfaction. In the third and last part of the dissertation, emphasis was given to the role of PSM in enhancing employee organizational commitment. Towards this end, the mediation role of job satisfaction was confirmed. The mechanism through which employees with a higher level of PSM would exhibit a greater level of commitment is identified as job satisfaction.
The Determinants of Internet Financial Reporting: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria

This study investigated the major factors influencing internet financial reporting in Nigeria. Secondary data were sourced from the Annual Report and Accounts of the seventy-seven (77) sample firms and annual publications of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The websites of the sampled companies were browsed for collecting data relating to financial reporting on the internet. The study revealed two major factors as influencing IFR in Nigeria. The firm’s size was positively and significantly correlated to the IFR practice. This implies that larger firms utilize IFR more than their counterparts. The results also showed that type of auditor was significant and positive for all the firms. This suggests that companies audited by firms affiliated with the Big Four international auditing firms were more likely to engage in Internet financial reporting. Keywords: Financial Reporting, Internet, Disclosure, Accounting Information
COMMENTARY ON ROLE OF RECEPTIVE AND EXPRESSIVE INFLUENCE TACTICS AND BEHAVIOURS IN PERSONAL SELLING PROCESS

In modern times, organizations have been identified as an important part of societal existence and reliant on effective interpersonal relationships. For profit-seeking organizations, the infusion of capital plays an essential role in the continued existence and functioning of organizational health. The primary activity for most market-driven companies is generating profits and shareholder value from sales initiatives. As capitalist societies change their focus from production to consumption orientations, corporations are moving toward controlling this consumption by attempting to get people to consume through marketing functions (Ritzer, 2005). Organizations have an increased interest in developing mutually beneficial long-term influence relationships with their clients through the use of an organizational sales force considering the rising and intensified competition. These organizational sales members that engage in personal selling initiatives play a vital role in the overall success or failure of businesses. In this connection, the current study reviews the previous studies in order to explore how salespersons can use different influence tactics and behaviours effectively to achieve strategic goals of the organizations. The study concludes that when a salesperson has established a realistic but optimistic goal, considered the state of the relationship, and analyzed the contextual factors, he/she is in a good position to select the tactical approach and specific behaviours that are most likely to accomplish the results he/she plans to achieve. Effective deployment of different receptive and expressive influence behaviours by the salespersons can result into increased flexibility in dealing with clients with diverse backgrounds and requirements, improved conflict resolving skills and
Anti-insulin antibodies in diabetic dogs before and after treatment with different insulin preparations.

BACKGROUND Anti-insulin antibodies (AIA) occur in diabetic dogs after insulin therapy, although their clinical significance is unclear. HYPOTHESIS Treatment of diabetic dogs with heterologous insulin is more likely to stimulate production of AIA than is treatment with homologous insulin. ANIMALS Diabetic dogs sampled before insulin therapy (n = 40), diabetic dogs sampled following treatment with porcine (homologous) insulin (n = 100), bovine (heterologous) lente insulin (n = 100), or bovine protamine zinc (PZI) insulin (n = 20), and nondiabetic control dogs (n = 120). METHODS Prospective observational study. Sera were analyzed by ELISA for antibodies against porcine insulin, bovine insulin, insulin A, B, or C peptides, and control antigens; canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine thyroglobulin (TG). Canine isotype-specific antibodies were used to determine total and anti-insulin IgG1 : IgG2 ratios. RESULTS There was no difference in CDV or TG reactivity among the groups. AIA were detected in 5 of 40 newly diagnosed (untreated) diabetic dogs. There was no significant difference in AIA (ELISA optical density reactivity) comparing control and porcine insulin-treated diabetic dogs (P > .05). Anti-insulin reactivity was most prevalent in bovine PZI insulin-treated dogs (90%; P < .01), and bovine lente insulin-treated dogs (56%; P < .01). AIA induced by treatment were enriched for the IgG1 isotype. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This study indicates that bovine insulin is more immunogenic than porcine insulin when used for treatment of diabetic dogs.
Measuring integration: an assessment of the quality of integrated marketing communications

For many, the integration of marketing communications activities has taken centre stage in the discussions of factors affecting the advertising industry. It is argued here that the full extent of the integration process is neither fully articulated nor understood. This paper identifies and highlights a range of dimensions which need to be considered if the full benefits of integration are to be realised. Much of the debate about advertising effectiveness has centred on ‘output’ measures and advertising's weak or strong effects. This paper emphasises ‘process’ measures and presents two conceptual frameworks to better understand the marketing communications integration process. Using the frameworks of Dimensions of Integration and Continuum of Integration, a third framework, Quality of Integration Assessment Profile, is constructed and proposed.
Nondirectiveness in Prenatal Genetics: patients read between the lines

For decades questionnaires have been used to measure the cognitive and psychological effects of prenatal genetic testing, but little is known about why some women undergo testing and others decline. Research indicates that many factors influence decision making, including values and beliefs. What is often denied rather than recognized is that the professional and personal values and beliefs held by the health care provider influence the patient’s decision. It is assumed that, if genetic services are delivered in a nondirective manner, patients will not be affected by the provider’s personal and professional standpoint. The qualitative research data reported here challenge this assumption. Getting to know patients’ moral understanding and patterns of ethical reasoning by listening to their personal stories is recommended as a better way for nurses to help patients to make informed and autonomous decisions about prenatal genetic screening or diagnostic tests.
Naming the Same Entities from Visual or from Auditory Stimulation Engages Similar Regions of Left Inferotemporal Cortices

We have proposed that the left inferotemporal (IT) region contains structures that mediate between conceptual knowledge retrieval and word-form retrieval, and we have hypothesized that these structures are utilized for word retrieval irrespective of the sensory modality through which an entity is apprehended, thus being modality neutral. We tested this idea in two sensory modalities, visual and auditory, and for two categories of concrete entities, tools and animals. In a PET experiment, 10 normal participants named tools and animals either from pictures or from characteristic sounds (e.g., scissors from a picture of a scissors or from the sound of a scissors cutting; rooster from a picture of a rooster or from the sound of a rooster crowing). Visual and auditory naming of tools activated the left posterior/lateral IT; visual and auditory naming of animals activated the left anterior/ ventral IT. For both tools and animals, the left IT activations were similar in location and magnitude regardless of whether participants were naming entities from pictures or from sounds. The results provide novel evidence to support the notion that left IT structures contain modality-neutral systems for mediating between conceptual knowledge and word retrieval.
[Arteriovenous malformations: a study of 200 cases].

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the natural history of arteriovenous malformations by reviewing 200 consecutive cases observed in all localizations between 1992 and 1996 in a multidisciplinary angioma clinic. PATIENTS AND METHODS Files concerning 200 arteriovenous malformations were reviewed with a standardized observation sheet applying the severity criteria defined by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies. We used the Schobinger staging system which includes 4 grades of severity: grade I=dormancy, grade II=expansion, grade III=destruction, grade IV=cardiac decompensation. RESULTS There was no predominance by gender. Cephalic localizations were the most common. The malformation was present at birth as indicated by history taking in 40 p. 100 of the cases. Progression during childhood (grade II) was observed in 84 p. 100. At the first consultation, the patients generally were more often in grade II than in grade I or III. Bone destruction was observed in 3 cases, signs of cardiac decompensation in 5. Arteriovenous malformations were part of a more complex syndrome in 9 cases. We noted a flare-up in the prepuberty or puberty period in 75 p. 100 of the cases and the possible role of puberty (64 cases), trauma (39 cases) and pregnancy (25 p. 100 of the adult women). Explorations were generally completed (Doppler, arteriography) by grade II, expressing the need for a map of expanding lesions. Finally it was difficult to assess posteriorly the beneficial or deleterious effect of the often multiple treatments prescribed for these patients. DISCUSSION The review of these 200 cases pointed out the "pediatric" nature of the problem of arteriovenous malformations in the large majority of the cases and the often misleading presentation of these vascular anomalies, particularly grade I malformations. A false aspect of capillary malformation could raise the risk of inappropriate treatment. This review also confirmed known factors of exacerbation (puberty, pregnancy, trauma) and demonstrated the severity of these vascular anomalies which can progress with loco-regional expansion and invasion without a cellular proliferation component. The analysis of treatments used showed that embolization alone cannot definitively and totally control a superficial arteriovenous malformation and that no one treatment, even combined embolization and large excision, can be a guarantee to provide total cure.
'Stiff Business Headwinds and Unchartered Economic Waters': The Use of Euphemisms in Earnings Conference Calls

I examines the value relevance of euphemisms in the conference call transcripts. Euphemisms are “indirect words or phrase that people often use to refer to something embarrassing or unpleasant, sometimes to make it seem more acceptable than what it really is” (Hornby 2004). In the context of conference calls, euphemisms are one of the linguistic tools used by managers to soften their explanation of poor company performance. I provide evidence that the extent of euphemisms in conference calls is negatively related to short-window returns beyond earnings surprises and overall sentiment based on Loughran and McDonald dictionary. Additionally, I find that the use of euphemisms to mitigate the severity of company problems misleads investors and results in statistically significant negative effect of euphemisms on the subsequent drift returns.
Mommy markets: Racial differences in lesbians' dating preferences for women with children

ABSTRACT Recent work shows that race is a critical factor in shaping sexual identities, partner preference, and family formation, suggesting there may be racial differences in whether lesbians already have children at the time that they look for companions. In this study, we draw on a sample of 1,923 lesbians on Match.com to quantitatively test whether there are racial differences in dating preferences for women with children, underscoring implications for family inequality through racial differences in who has children when looking for a partner. We find that Blacks, Latinas, and Asians are more likely than Whites to not only have children but also be open to dating other women with children. This suggests that race differentially structures lesbians' openness to partners with children, and such preferences may be a possible mechanism for racial stratification.
An Exploratory Study of Travelers' Use of Online Reviews and Recommendations

Travelers are increasingly turning to online reviews and recommendations to plan trips. This article investigates the sources and types of online travel reviews and recommendations, and examines the heuristics used by subjects when making travel decisions. The results of this study indicated that those reviews and recommendations come from peer travelers, third parties, or travel companies; they can be categorized into text-based recommendations, symbolic recommendation, numerical ratings, or narrative reviews. Also, the results indicated that the subjects used several heuristics to make their decisions.
The anesthetic and physiologic effects of an intravenous administration of a halothane lipid emulsion (5% vol/vol)

UNLABELLED The i.v. administration of < or = 9 mL of nonvaporized liquid halothane causes significant pulmonary damage, cardiovascular decompensation, and death. To determine whether liquid halothane mixed in a lipid emulsion would alter these toxic effects, six swine were evaluated in a randomized cross-over study. The pulmonary, analgesic, hemodynamic, and histopathologic effects of liquid halothane (25 mL) mixed with a liquid carrier (475 mL, Liposyn III 20%) and administered by constant infusion were compared with halothane administered by a calibrated vaporizer. Three swine received the halothane lipid emulsion (HLE), followed by inhaled halothane. Three additional swine received inhaled halothane, followed by the HLE. There were no changes in pulmonary compliance or arterial blood gases during or after the administration of equivalent volumes of halothane (13.75 mL) either by infusion of HLE or by inhalation of halothane. The end-tidal halothane concentration for the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration was 0.79% +/- 0.08% during HLE administration and 1.13% +/- 0.12% for inhaled halothane (P < 0.001). Hemodynamic variables and blood halothane levels by gas chromatography were measured at end-tidal concentrations of 0.6%, 1.2%, and 1.8%. Blood halothane levels (mg/mL) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) after the administration of HLE at end-tidal halothane concentrations of 1.2% (0.49 +/- 0.19 vs 0.82 +/- 0.18) and 1.8% (0.79 +/- 0.17 vs 1.29 +/- 0.34). When compared at equivalent blood levels, HLE caused fewer changes in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, mean arterial pressure, and dP/dt than inhaled halothane. There was no evidence of pulmonary histopathologic damage 4-8 h after the infusion of 500-700 mL of HLE. This novel method of delivery of a volatile anesthetic seems to lack the toxicity of direct i.v. administration of liquid halothane. It may be a useful alternative to traditional administration via a vaporizer. IMPLICATIONS Halothane causes pulmonary dysfunction and death when given i.v. in liquid form. Six swine received a halothane lipid emulsion i.v. to evaluate the anesthetic and physiologic effects. No pulmonary toxicity or deaths were associated with the halothane lipid emulsion. The anesthetic profile was similar to delivery of halothane via a vaporizer.
Readability: A Measure of the Performance of the Communication Function of Financial Reporting

F INA. NCIAL reports are prepared for a specificpurpose. 'Thepremise adopted in this article is that the function of financial reporting is to communicate selected financial information. If this communication function is not performed, then financial reporting is nonutilitarian. Communication has been long recognized as a function of financial reporting. Aptly, Littleton and Zimmerman stated, "It is noteworthy that the tool of analysis we call accounting has always had communication as an objective. "2 Communication occurs in financial reporting only if the meanings intended by the information source are assigned to the financial statement messages by the destination. Proper meaning assignment necessitates that the information source encode and transmit the selected messages such that the destination is capable of assigning the intended meanings. Ideally, the information source should be able to objectively measure the degree to which the intended meanings will be assigned to the selected financial statement messages. No such objective measure exists that can be applied to the entire financial statements. However, an objective measure does exist that can be applied to the footnotes to the financial statements. This measure is termed "readability. "
40 GHz Bandwidth and 64 GHz Resonance Frequency in Injection-Locked 1.55 $\mu$m VCSELs

Injection locking is shown to greatly enhance the resonance frequency of 1.55 mum vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), from 10 to 60 GHz, under ultrahigh injection locking conditions. Using injection locking to increase the laser resonance frequency, together with a low parasitic VCSEL design, a 3 dB bandwidth of over 40 GHz was attained, a record broadband performance for directly modulated VCSELs. VCSELs with slightly detuned polarization modes are injection locked with controlled polarization angles. For the first time, a dual-resonance frequency response is observed, and is explained with a two polarization-mode injection-locked rate equation model.
Determination of Fluoride Intake from Urinary Fluoride Excretion Data in Children Drinking Fluoridated School Milk

Twenty–four–hour urine samples were collected from each of thirteen 5– to 6–year–old children both under customary conditions of fluoride intake (i.e. usual diet including milk containing 0.5 mg fluoride and usual oral hygiene procedures with fluoride toothpaste) and during a 4–day study period in which their customary fluoride intake was replaced with standard fluoride doses. The 24–hour fluoride excretion under customary conditions of fluoride intake was 0.30 mg and in response to fluoride doses in the range of 0.5–2.0 mg it was in the range 0.26–0.61 mg. Using data obtained during the study period for all subjects combined, the fluoride intake from all sources under customary conditions was estimated as 0.76 mg, representing a fractional fluoride excretion of 39%. It is concluded that these children are possibly receiving suboptimal amounts of fluoride.