Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diffuse Alveolar Damage as the Initial Presentation of Dermatomyositis and Successfully Treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Steroids: A Case Report

Background: Severe rapid progressive respiratory involvement as the initial manifestation of dermatomyositis is rare, but may be life threatening. Diffuse alveolar damage is the worst of the pulmonary findings in dermatomyositis patients because of its poor response to therapy and poor prognosis; almost all patients die. Case: The subject is a 37-year-old female complaining of mild dyspnea lasting three weeks and followed with symmetrical polyarthritis and very mild proximal myalgia one week after the onset of dyspnea. Moreover, the heliotrope sign was transient and very faint. A chest X-ray revealed diffuse bilateral infiltration and laboratory findings showed significantly elevated muscle enzymes. The muscle biopsy revealed typical myositis change. One week after hospitalization, the respiratory condition rapidly progressed to respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation support was required. Open lung biopsy demonstrated interstitial pneumonia with diffuse alveolar damage. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy was initiated in conjunction with high dose steroids. The patient was successfully weaned from the ventilator after 10 days and was treated with two more courses of monthly intravenous immunoglobulin and gradually tapering oral steroids. Conclusions: Diffuse interstitial pneumonitis is an unusual presenting pattern for dermatomyositis. The response of the symptoms and lung signs to intravenous immunoglobulin and high dose glucocorticoid, in this case, is important to note because it seemed to be an easy solution for a potentially lethal condition.
What You Never Learned In Graduate School: A Survival Guide for Therapists

Therapists are struggling to adapt both to their profession's changing landscape (such as the advent of managed care and the burgeoning of new theories and treatment approaches) and to demands on their professional and personal success. This book explores many issues that are rarely addressed in formal educational experiences for example, organizational politics, the negative "side effects" of being a therapist, keeping up with cutting-edge innovations, sustaining a private practice, and planning for the future and offers concrete suggestions for adapting to the world outside graduate school. Personal, easygoing writing style, the hallmark of Kottler's previous bestselling books, makes this an engaging and provocative read.
Fetal and umbilical Doppler ultrasound in normal pregnancy.

BACKGROUND One of the main aims of routine antenatal care is to identify the 'at risk' fetus in order to apply clinical interventions which could result in reduced perinatal morbidity and mortality. Doppler ultrasound study of umbilical artery waveforms helps to identify the compromised fetus in 'high-risk' pregnancies and, therefore, deserves assessment as a screening test in 'low-risk' pregnancies. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects on obstetric practice and pregnancy outcome of routine fetal and umbilical Doppler ultrasound in unselected and low-risk pregnancies. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group Trials Register (May 2010). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials of Doppler ultrasound for the investigation of umbilical and fetal vessels waveforms in unselected pregnancies compared to no Doppler ultrasound. Studies where uterine vessels have been assessed together with fetal and umbilical vessels have been included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and carried out data extraction. MAIN RESULTS We included five trials involving 14,185 women. The methodological quality of the trials was generally unclear because of insufficient data included in the reports.Routine fetal and umbilical Doppler ultrasound examination in low-risk or unselected populations did not result in increased antenatal, obstetric and neonatal interventions, and no overall differences were detected for substantive short term clinical outcomes such as perinatal mortality. There is no available evidence to assess the effect on substantive long term outcomes such as childhood neurodevelopment and no data to assess maternal outcomes, particularly psychological effects. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Existing evidence does not provide conclusive evidence that the use of routine umbilical artery Doppler ultrasound, or combination of umbilical and uterine artery Doppler ultrasound in low-risk or unselected populations benefits either mother or baby. Future studies should be designed to address small changes in perinatal outcome, and should focus on potentially preventable deaths.
Beta angle in a sample of Iraqi adults with Class I skeletal and dental relations and its correlation with other craniofacial measurements

This study aimed to determine the value of Beta angle for a sample of Iraqi adults with class I skeletal and dental relations and to verify the existence of sexual dimorphism and to find out the relation between this angle and other craniofacial measurements. Materials and Methods: Sixty dental students (23 males and 37 females) with an age ranged between 20-31 years old and having class I skeletal and dental relations were chosen for this study. Each student was subjected to clinical examination and digital true lateral cephalometric radiograph. The radiographs were analyzed using AutoCAD 2007 computer program to measure the angular and linear variables. Descriptive statistics were obtained for the measurements for both genders and total sample; independent samples t-test was performed to evaluate the gender difference and Pearson's correlation coefficient test used to detect the relation between the Beta angle and other measurements. Results and Conclusions: The value of Beta angle in this study was 32.63°± 2.57°. When the Beta angle is less than 27°, the case is class II and when it is more than 38°, the case is class III. There is no genders difference regarding the Beta angle and this angle correlated significantly and positively with the mandibular length and articular angle and negatively with ANB and saddle angles.
Rural children don't receive the mental health care they need

Twenty percent of all children have a mental illness; most do not receive care for their illness. It is widely assumed that rural children are more likely than urban children to have unmet mental health needs. However, few national studies have examined ruralurban differences in children’s mental health service use, and which factors may mediate or reduce differences. This information is important for policymakers as they decide which approaches and strategies to use to better meet the mental health needs of rural children. Of particular interest may be the role of Medicaid and the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) in reducing rural-urban disparities in service use. Medicaid and SCHIP have been found to significantly enhance access to children’s mental health services1 and rural children are more likely to be enrolled in these programs than urban children.2
Lise Öğrencilerin Tablet Bilgisayar Kabulü ve Hazırbulunuşluğu: Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi

Many educational institutions have been using lots of technologies in classrooms to increase the effectiveness of learning activities. In recent years, tablet PC (TPC)'s have been the primary of these technologies. Technology especially comes to exist in busy environments and gets even more important in the environments where students defined as "digital native" can use technology effectively. However, there have been no sufficient studies about the acceptance, readiness and use of tablet PC's in secondary schools. In this research, secondary school students' acceptance of tablet PC was examined with technology acceptance model, and readiness variable was also added. As a result of the research, it was found that secondary school students' acceptance level of tablet PC is explained at a good level. It was also found that readiness is an important variable for intention to use tablet PC. Also it was found that self-efficacy and anxiety in acceptance of tablet PC are important external variables.
Safety evaluation on pH and fluoride content of locally available and packaged milk as a potential factor in dental fluorosis in Jaipur, India

Objective : Milk being the most consumed food in the 1 st years of life and the fluoride exposure through infant foods including milk, during the critical period of tooth development may lead to dental fluorosis. Thus, the aim of the study was to assess and compare the pH using digital pH meter and fluoride content using the spectrophotometric method of locally available and packaged milk in Jaipur. Materials and Methods : Fluoride and pH analysis were carried out among 3 milk groups: (i) Locally available milk (ii) packet milk and (iii) packaged tetra-pack milk. A total of 19 samples were included in the study. Results : The mean fluoride content was found to be 0.017 (±0.003 standard error of mean) with a range of 0.001-0.02. The pH of the milk samples was found to be in the range of 4.46-7.11. Conclusion : In view of the results of the present study, milk consumption has no major impact on total daily dietary fluoride intake, but the pH of the soy-based tetra-pack milk was found to be less than critical pH.
Insecticide Rotation Programs with Entomopathogenic Organisms for Suppression of Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Adult Populations Under Greenhouse Conditions

ABSTRACT Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is one of the most destructive insect pests of greenhouse production systems with the ability to develop resistance to a wide variety of insecticides. A common resistance management strategy is rotating insecticides with different modes of action. By incorporating entomopathogenic organisms (fungi and bacteria), which have discrete modes of action compared to standard insecticides, greenhouse producers may preserve the effectiveness of insecticides used for suppression of western flower thrips populations. The objective of this study was to determine how different rotation programs that include entomopathogenic organisms (Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosoroseus, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Chromobacterium subtsugae) and commonly used standard insecticides (spinosad, chlorfenapyr, abamectin, and pyridalyl) may impact the population dynamics of western flower thrips adult populations by means of suppression. Eight-week rotation programs were applied to chrysanthemum, Dendranthema x morifolium plants and weekly counts of western flower thrips adults captured on yellow sticky cards were recorded as a means to evaluate the impact of the rotation programs. A final quality assessment of damage caused by western flower thrips feeding on foliage and flowers was also recorded. Furthermore, a cost comparison of each rotation program was conducted. Overall, insecticide rotation programs that incorporated entomopathogenic organisms were not significantly different than the standard insecticide rotation programs without entomopathogenic organisms in suppressing western flower thrips adult populations. However, there were no significant differences among any of the rotation programs compared to the water control. Moreover, there was no differential effect of the rotation programs on foliage and flower quality. Cost savings of up to 34% (in US dollars) are possible when including entomopathogenic organisms in the rotation program. Therefore, by incorporating entomopathogenic organisms into insecticide rotation programs, greenhouse producers can decrease costs without affecting suppression, as well as diminish selection pressure on western flower thrips adult populations, which may avoid or delay resistance development.
The Potential of Bee-Generated Carbon Dioxide for Control of Varroa Mite (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) in Indoor Overwintering Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Colonies

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to manipulate ventilation rate to characterize interactions between stocks of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) and ventilation setting on varroa mite (Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman) mortality in honey bee colonies kept indoors over winter. The first experiment used colonies established from stock selected locally for wintering performance under exposure to varroa (n=6) and unselected bees (n=6) to assess mite and bee mortality and levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) in the bee cluster when kept under a simulated winter condition at 5°C. The second experiment, used colonies from selected bees (n=10) and unselected bees (n=12) that were exposed to either standard ventilation (14.4 liter/min per hive) or restricted ventilation (0.24 liter/min per hive, in a Plexiglas ventilation chamber) during a 16-d treatment period to assess the influence of restricted air flow on winter mortality rates of varroa mites and honey bees. Experiment 2 was repeated in early, mid-, and late winter. The first experiment showed that under unrestricted ventilation with CO2 concentrations averaging <2% there was no correlation between CO2 and varroa mite mortality when colonies were placed under low temperature. CO2 was negatively correlated with O2 in the bee cluster in both experiments. When ventilation was restricted, mean CO2 level (3.82±0.31%, range 0.43–8.44%) increased by 200% relative to standard ventilation (1.29±0.31%; range 0.09–5.26%) within the 16-d treatment period. The overall mite mortality rates and the reduction in mean abundance of varroa mite over time was greater under restricted ventilation (37±4.2%) than under standard ventilation (23±4.2%) but not affected by stock of bees during the treatment period. Selected bees showed overall greater mite mortality relative to unselected bees in both experiments. Restricting ventilation increased mite mortality, but did not affect worker bee mortality relative to that for colonies under standard ventilation. Restricted ventilation did not affect the overall level of Nosema compared with the control. However, there was an interaction between stock, season, and time of the trial. Unselected stock showed an increase in Nosema over time in the late winter trial that did not occur in the selected stock. In conclusion, these findings suggested that restricted ventilation has potential to suppress varroa mite in overwintering honey bee colonies via a low-cost and environmentally friendly measure.
High prevalences of hepatitis B and C virus infections among adults living in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam

Vietnam is one of the countries with the highest mortality from liver cancer, which is mostly attributed to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. For planning preventive strategies against these infections, we investigated prevalences of HBV and HCV infections among adults living in Binh Thuan, Vietnam.
Modelling of the craniofacial skeleton : an investigation of skull biomechanics

The purpose of this study is to develop finite element models for the craniofacial skeleton. These will be used in the investigation of the mechanisms utilised by the skull to handle the biophysical forces generated during mastication (i. e. the biomechanics of the structure). Such models and insights will be of value in the field of implant technology when deciding on the optimal placement, dimensions, and material to be used for skeletal implants. Also the potential of such models can be seen in skeletal reconstruction when devising surgical techniques and deciding on regions for bone resections. Wrong decisions in this area could lead to fractures, pain, and discomfort during mastication. Three models for the craniofacial skeleton are investigated, the first is an engineering model for the human skull comprising the main links and pillars believed to handle masticatory forces. The second is an anatomical model of the mandible, and the third is an anatomical model for the complete craniofacial skeleton. All models incorporate masticatory muscles forces that are changing in both magnitude and direction as the masticatory cycle progresses. Further the main articulating joint in the craniofacial structure has been modelled using advanced contact elements. These features represent a significant advance over previous FE modelling work in this field. Results obtained from the models give new insights into the biomechanics of the craniofacial skeleton. One of the main new insights is that masticatory muscles have been identified as a major source of bone stress and that the inclusion of muscles is essential in FE modelling of skeletal structures. This finding contradicts the notion found in the literature that external biting forces are the dominant source of biophysical energy during mastication and that these forces dictate the biomechanics of the skull. The picture drawn from the results for the biomechanics of the skull is that masticatory muscles generate elastic deformations propagating from muscular attachments regions throughout the skull. There is some evidence that much of the resulting stress state is compressive within these regions. These stresses are believed to aid in accomplishing masticatory function. Examples are given on how to apply these new insights in the field of skeletal implants and temporomandibular joint disorders. CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES . VI LIST OF TABLES . XV
Decongestants and antihistamines for acute otitis media in children.

BACKGROUND Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common and important source of morbidity in children, although the majority of cases resolve spontaneously. While frequently recommended, decongestant and antihistamine therapy is of unclear benefit. OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of decongestant and antihistamine therapy in children with AOM on outcomes of AOM resolution, symptom resolution, medication side effects, and complications of AOM. SEARCH STRATEGY In this updated review, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 2); MEDLINE (January 2004 to May 2007); and EMBASE (July 2003 to May 2007). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating decongestant or antihistamine treatment for children with AOM were included. Patient-oriented outcomes were considered most relevant. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The review authors independently evaluated studies for inclusion, performed validity assessments and completed data extraction. Dichotomous data were pooled to generate relative risks; homogeneity was assessed using approximate chi-square tests. MAIN RESULTS No new studies were included following this updated search. Fifteen trials involving 2695 people were included. Only the combined decongestant-antihistamine group demonstrated statistically lower rates of persistent AOM at the two week period (fixed relative risk (RR) 0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60 to 0.96; number needed to treat (NNT) 10). No benefit was found for early cure rates, symptom resolution, prevention of surgery or other complications. There was a five to eight -fold increased risk of side effects for those receiving an intervention, which reached statistical significance for all decongestant groupings. Validity sub analyses demonstrated that lower quality studies found benefit, while analysis of those studies with higher validity scores found no benefit of treatment. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Given lack of benefit and increased risk of side effects, these data do not support the use of decongestant treatment in children with AOM. There was a small statistical benefit from combination medication use but the clinical significance is minimal and study design may be biasing the results. Thus, the routine use of antihistamines for treating AOM in children cannot be recommended.
Horizontal transmission of de novo hepatitis B between spouses: A case report

We report a female patient with acute hepatitis B due to horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus from her husband, who suffered from de novo hepatitis B. A 48‐year‐old man underwent peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) for adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma. Nine months after the initial treatment, he was referred to our hospital because of jaundice. Laboratory data showed elevated serum aminotransferase levels and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity. We diagnosed de novo hepatitis B because a pre‐PBSCT serum sample was negative for HBsAg and positive for anti‐hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb). His liver function improved with entecavir therapy. Two months after his diagnosis of hepatitis B, his 31‐year‐old wife was admitted with fever and appetite loss. She was diagnosed with acute hepatitis B because of increased serum aminotransferase levels and HBsAg and immunoglobulin M HBcAb positivity. Sequencing of HBV DNA in the serum obtained from both patients showed 99.9% homology. Therefore, we diagnosed her acute hepatitis B as due to horizontal transmission of de novo hepatitis B from her husband. HBV derived from de novo hepatitis B should be considered a potential source of infection, although intrafamilial transmission of de novo hepatitis B is rare.
Carambola Cultivar, Fruit Ripeness, and Damage by Conspecific Larvae Influence the Host-Related Behaviors of Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract In this study, we investigated the influence of cultivar type, fruit ripeness, and damage by conspecific larvae on the attraction of Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) to and oviposition on carambola fruit (Averroha carambola L.). The attraction of both sexes of A. obliqua to fruit of different quality was evaluated through cage experiments in the field, and the oviposition preferences of mated females were examined in laboratory tests. Both sexes, mated or virgin, were more attracted to the “Maha” fruit than to the “Golden Star” fruit, and the females oviposited more frequently on the Maha cultivar than the Golden Star cultivar. Both sexes were more attracted to ripe and half-ripe Maha fruits than to mature green fruit, and although females did not show a preference for ovipositing on half-ripe or ripe fruits, they did not oviposit on mature green fruits. Males did not show a preference for the volatiles from uninfested, artificially damaged, or infested Maha fruits, but females were more attracted to uninfested fruits than to artificially damaged and infested Maha fruits. Furthermore, females preferred to oviposit on uninfested fruits compared with artificially damaged fruit, and they did not oviposit on infested fruits.
Capture of Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Floor Traps: The Effect of Previous Captures

Abstract The impact of prior captures on the trapping performance of floor traps was evaluated for the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), in laboratory conditions. The effect of trap seeding, adding adults of the same or different species, was evaluated in order to determine possible effects of prior captures in the trap on each species' behavioral responses. The presence of seeded beetles of the same species resulted in an increase in beetle captures for both T. castaneum and T. confusum, but when traps were seeded with the opposite species, there was no increase in beetle captures for either species, and for T. castaneum overall captures in both seeded and unseeded traps was reduced. Overall, T. castaneum tended to have greater captures than T. confusum regardless of the treatment. When the two species were released together, this negated the increased response to seeded traps observed in the single-species treatments. These findings suggest the potential that the presence of beetles in a trap may be influencing the response of beetles in a nearby trap and that T. castaneum and T. confusum when they occur together may influence each other's response to traps.