Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Randomized Prospective Trial of the Effect of Induced Hypergastrinemia on the Prevention of Pancreatic Atrophy After Pancreatoduodenectomy in Humans

ObjectiveTo investigate whether gastrin has regenerative effect on the pancreas and in particular whether it prevents the atrophy of the distal pancreas after resection of pancreas in humans. Summary Background DataAlthough pancreatic regeneration after resection is well documented in animals, atrophy rather than regeneration of the distal remnant pancreas commonly occurs following pancreatoduodenectomy in humans. Of the many factors involving pancreatic regeneration, gastrin has been shown to have trophic effect on the pancreas in an animal model. MethodsBetween March 1999 and May 2000, a randomized prospective study was performed in 56 patients who underwent pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy for periampullary neoplasms. Patients were allocated to either a lansoprazole group or a control group. The lansoprazole members were given oral lansoprazole (30 mg/d) over 12 weeks postoperatively to induce hypergastrinemia. During the study period, 19 patients were excluded for different reasons; in the end a total of 37 patients (lansoprazole, n = 18; control, n = 19) were eligible for study. The volume of the distal pancreas as determined using thin-sectioned spiral CT data, nutritional status, and endocrine (insulin level, glucose tolerance test) and exocrine function (stool elastase) of the pancreas and serum gastrin levels were measured before surgery and 3 months after surgery. The two groups were clinically comparable. ResultsSerum gastrin level was elevated in the lansoprazole group. In this group, the mean volume of the distal pancreas was reduced by 10% after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy, whereas severe pancreatic atrophy occurred in the control group. Postoperative insulin and stool elastase levels were higher in the lansoprazole group than in the control group. ConclusionsThis study is the first prospective randomized trial of induced hypergastrinemia on the regeneration of the pancreas in humans. It may be possible to use induced hypergastrinemia in the treatment or prevention of pancreatic insufficiency following resection or injury.
A Gene Expression Signature Associated with Overall Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Suggests a New Treatment Strategy

Despite improvements in the management of liver cancer, the survival rate for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains dismal. The survival benefit of systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of liver cancer is only marginal. Although the reasons for treatment failure are multifactorial, intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy plays a primary role. Here, we analyzed the expression of 377 multidrug resistance (MDR)-associated genes in two independent cohorts of patients with advanced HCC, with the aim of finding ways to improve survival in this poor-prognosis cancer. Taqman-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed a 45-gene signature that predicts overall survival (OS) in patients with HCC. Using the Connectivity Map Tool, we were able to identify drugs that converted the gene expression profiles of HCC cell lines from ones matching patients with poor OS to profiles associated with good OS. We found three compounds that convert the gene expression profiles of three HCC cell lines to gene expression profiles associated with good OS. These compounds increase histone acetylation, which correlates with the synergistic sensitization of those MDR tumor cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, including cisplatin, sorafenib, and 5-fluorouracil. Our results indicate that it is possible to modulate gene expression profiles in HCC cell lines to those associated with better outcome. This approach also increases sensitization of HCC cells toward conventional chemotherapeutic agents. This work suggests new treatment strategies for a disease for which few therapeutic options exist.
Frequent amplifications and abundant expression of TRIO, NKD2, and IRX2 in soft tissue sarcomas

Copy number gains and high‐level amplifications of the short arm of chromosome 5 are frequently observed in soft tissue sarcomas. To identify genes from this region possibly involved in tumor progression, we analyzed 34 soft tissue sarcomas (10 pleomorphic and 8 dedifferentiated liposarcomas, 6 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, and 10 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST)) using a DNA microarray including 418 BAC clones representing 99% of chromosome arm 5p. In seven tumors, distinct high‐level amplifications were identified affecting four different subregions. From these regions, genes TERT, TRIO, SKP2, FBXO32, NKD2, SLC6A3, IRX2, POLS, FYB, PTGER4, and FGF10 were selected for detailed quantitative expression analysis (RQ‐PCR) based on their potential tumorigenic function. Of these, TRIO, coding for a guanidine nucleotide exchange factor, was consistently overexpressed in all cases, while IRX2 and NKD2, both involved in the regulation of developmental processes via the WNT pathway, showed a characteristic expression only in MPNSTs. Detailed nonparametric multidimensional scaling analysis further showed that the expression of TRIO, IRX2, and NKD2 strongly correlated with the gene copy number. In conclusion, we found TRIO, IRX2, and NKD2 frequently affected by high‐level amplifications as well as up‐regulated in a gene‐dosage dependent manner. Thus, these genes represent candidate targets of 5p amplifications in soft tissue sarcomas and might play a crucial role during the progression of this disease. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analisis Pengaruh PDRB, Pengangguran dan Pendidikan Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Pulau Jawa Tahun 2009-2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh PDRB, pengangguran, dan pendidikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di pulau Jawa pada tahun 2009-2016. Pulau Jawa memiliki 6 provinsi dengan tingkat kemiskinan yang tergolong tinggi terdapat di 4 provinsi yaitu Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, dan DIY, sedangkan 2 provinsi lainnya yaitu Provinsi DKI dan Banten tingkat kemiskinannya tergolong rendah, sehingga penelitian ini hanya mengambil 4 provinsi yang tingkat kemiskinannya tergolong tinggi. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Alat analisis data yang digunakan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor tersebut menggunakan regresi data panel. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa pengangguran dan pendidikan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, dan DIY pada tahun 2009-2016, sedangkan PDRB berpengaruh terhadap kemiskinan di provinsi tersebut. This research aims to determine the effect of GRDP, unemployment, and education on the poverty level in Java Island in 2009-2016. Java Island has 6 provinces with high poverty level is found in 4 provinces of West Java, Central Java, East Java, and DIY, while the other two provinces of DKI and Banten provinces have low poverty level, so this research only take 4 provinces whose poverty level is high. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the Central Agency on Statistics. Data analysis tools used to analyze the influence of these factors using panel data regression. Based on the results of data analysis shows that unemployment and education have no effect on poverty in West Java, Central Java, East Java and Yogyakarta provinces in 2009-2016, while PDRB has an effect on poverty in the province.
Expression of estrogen receptor α and growth factors in human prolactinoma and its correlation with clinical features and gender

Background: Many studies demonstrate that growth factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of prolactinoma induced by estrogen. The effects of estrogen are mainly mediated through its nuclear receptor (ERα); however, expression of ERα and growth factors in prolactinoma and healthy pituitary and their relationship remain obscure. Aim: To obtain new insights regarding the expression differences of these factors and their relationship and to investigate the correlation between gender and clinical features in patients with prolactinoma. Subjects and methods: A total of 21 human prolactinomas and 6 healthy human pituitaries were examined for mRNA expression of ERα, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor α (TGFα), TGFβ1, TGFβ3, and TGFβ receptor type II (TGFβRII) by means of real-time PCR. Patient clinical data was also analyzed. Results: Both PRL level and tumor volume of the male patient group were higher than that of the female patient group. There was a significant correlation between PRL level and tumor volume in the total patient group. Expression of ERα, bFGF, TGFα, and TGFβ3 mRNA levels of the patient group were significantly different from that of the control group. A significant correlation between ERα mRNA levels and PRL levels, tumor volume, TGFβ1 mRNA levels in the total patient group were found. Conclusions: PRL level and tumor volume have a significant difference between genders in prolactinoma patients. ERα and some growth factors may be involved in the tumorigenesis of prolactinoma. ERα could potentially be an effective therapy target for treating prolactinoma.
Pricing Option on Commodity Futures under String Shock

Forward curve movements, particularly of industrial and energy commodities, suggests that futures price do not move in tandem with the spot price, and not all futures contracts move in the same direction. We incorporate these subtleties into our model with parsimony. This article offers a new approach to value commodity derivatives by using string shock. We use it to perturb the term structure of future convenience yield as if every futures contract has its source of risk. The no-arbitrage condition on the drift of future convenience yield and closed-form formula for the European call option written on a futures contract is derived. Our model has separate volatility and correlation functions that ensure easier parameterization and calibration to market data. We compare absolute and relative option pricing errors of our model with the two factor Schwartz (1997) model for 440 trading days. It is found that the new string shock based model has better performance than the Schwarz’s model regarding having lesser pricing errors.
Anti-inflammatory benefits of tilmicosin in calves with Pasteurella haemolytica-infected lungs.

OBJECTIVES To determine whether tilmicosin alters neutrophil infiltration or function, induces neutrophil apoptosis, and affects accumulation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in lungs of calves experimentally infected with Pasteurella haemolytica. ANIMALS 12 weight-ranked Holstein calves. PROCEDURE Calves were given 25% propylene glycol vehicle (n = 5) or tilmicosin (10 mg/kg of body weight; n = 6) subcutaneously, 18 hours and 15 minutes before intratracheal infection with 2 x 10(8) P haemolytica organisms. Two unmanipulated calves served as controls in some experiments. Rectal temperatures were recorded 15 minutes before, and at 3-hour intervals after infection for 24 hours. Samples obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage performed 3 and 24 hours after infection were used to assess colonization by P haemolytica, and neutrophil infiltration. Neutrophil phagocytosis of P haemolytica, membrane leakage as determined by trypan blue exclusion, oxidative function as determined by nitro blue tetrazolium reduction, and apoptosis, using electron microscopy and DNA fragmentation ELISA, were determined. SOluble TNF-alpha and LTB4 were measured from supernatants from bronchoalveolar lavage samples, using ELISA. RESULTS Treatment with tilmicosin resulted in significant (P < 0.05) clearance of P haemolytica and neutrophil apoptosis at 3 hours, and decreased concentration of LTB4 at 24 hours. Rectal temperatures, neutrophil infiltration, phagocytosis, oxidative functions, membrane leakage, and soluble TNF-alpha concentrations were not significantly affected by tilmicosin. CONCLUSION Tilmicosin effectively controlled P haemolytica infection, induced neutrophil apoptosis, reduced pulmonary inflammation, and did not affect neutrophil infiltration or function. CLINICAL RELEVANCE By inducing neutrophil apoptosis, tilmicosin prevents further amplification of inflammatory injury in P haemolytica-infected lungs.
“They Turn Us into Criminals”: Embodiments of Fear in Cambodian Land Grabbing

Our efforts to research the land grab in Cambodia were thwarted on multiple fronts. This article emerges from our collective experiences of fear and intimidation to reconsider land grabs as a project that produces fear and is reliant on fear. Recent literature on resource conflict focuses on acts of physical violence, but for people who live near spaces of land grabs, the everyday is marked by a different kind of violence, an incoherence and pervasive fear that threatens people's sense of self and the entire social fabric of their worlds. We ground our analysis in insights from several years of ethnographic and survey research experience in land conflict areas in Cambodia, detailing how shadowy networks of actors involved in land grabbing layer memories of war and authoritarian regimes with new threats to control populations and facilitate capital accumulation. We argue that in this context, the “grab” is not just a physical enclosure of land but an affective grab that precedes, surrounds, and reverberates beyond the site of the grab itself. Our article seeks to make theoretical contributions in two ways: theorizing fear as a tool of governance that facilitates state control and capital accumulation and, through this analysis, broadening the ontology of land grabs by foregrounding affect in processes of dispossession to show how the grab reverberates beyond bounded sites. The researcher is also subject to violence, raising questions about what ways of knowing are possible as fear shapes the research process and the subjectivities of both researchers and research participants.
Effect of Vitamin C Supplements on Antioxidant Defence and Stress Proteins in Human Lymphocytes and Skeletal Muscle

Oxidative stress induces adaptations in the expression of protective enzymes and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in a variety of tissues. We have examined the possibility that supplementation of subjects with the nutritional antioxidant, vitamin C, influences the ability of lymphocytes to express protective enzymes and HSPs following exposure to an exogenous oxidant and the response of skeletal muscle to the physiological oxidative stress that occurs during exercise in vivo. Our hypothesis was that an elevation of tissue vitamin C content would reduce oxidant‐induced expression of protective enzymes and HSP content. Lymphocytes from non‐supplemented subjects responded to hydrogen peroxide with increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, and HSP60 and HSP70 content over 48 h. Vitamin C supplementation at a dose of 500 mg day−1 for 8 weeks was found to increase the serum vitamin C concentration by ∼50 %. Lymphocytes from vitamin C‐supplemented subjects had increased baseline SOD and catalase activities and an elevated HSP60 content. The SOD and catalase activities and the HSP60 and HSP70 content of lymphocytes from supplemented subjects did not increase significantly in response to hydrogen peroxide. In non‐supplemented subjects, a single period of cycle ergometry was found to significantly increase the HSP70 content of the vastus lateralis. Following vitamin C supplementation, the HSP70 content of the muscle was increased at baseline with no further increase following exercise. We conclude that, in vitamin C‐supplemented subjects, adaptive responses to oxidants are attenuated, but that this may reflect an increased baseline expression of potential protective systems against oxidative stress (SOD, catalase and HSPs).
Influence of co-occurring mental and substance use disorders on the prevalence of problem gambling in Canada.

CONTEXT/BACKGROUND Research has shown that problem gambling (PG) is associated with substance use disorders (SUD) and also with other mental disorders (MD). Nevertheless, evidence about the relative contribution of each type of disorder for the risk of gambling in the population is very limited. OBJECTIVE Study the association of SUD, alone and in combination with MD, with the prevalence and severity of PG. DESIGN Cross-sectional national survey (Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health and Well-Being) data collected through a multi-stage stratified cluster design. SETTING Population-based household survey. PARTICIPANTS This analysis includes data on 36 885 participants (99.7% of the survey sample). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence and severity of PG were measured using the Canadian Problem Gambling Index. Prevalence of MD (mood and anxiety disorders) and SUD were defined according to the World Mental Health Survey Initiative Composite International Diagnostic Interview, following definitions of the DSM-IV. RESULTS Compared to the population, higher prevalence rates of PG are observed when the severity of SUD is higher, but are not impacted by the co-occurrence of MD. For individuals with low risk and moderate risk/problem gambling, the prevalence rate difference (prevalence rate in the subgroup minus prevalence rate in the population) observed among substance dependents was reduced when MD co-occurred (from a prevalence rate difference of 2.5; 99% confidence interval 1.6-3.8 to 1.6; 99% confidence interval 1.2-2.2 for low risk gamblers and from 3.7; 99% confidence interval 1.6-5.5 to 2.9; 99% confidence interval 2.0-4.3 for moderate risk/problem gamblers). Estimates were not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of all levels of PG increased with SUD severity, but the pattern did not appear to be affected by MD co-occurrence. Results suggest particular attention be given to SUD in treatment-seeking clients with co-occurring disorders.
Paranasal sinus bony anatomic variations and mucosal abnormalities: CT analysis for endoscopic sinus surgery

Coronal plane computerized tomographic (CT) scanning has dramatically improved the imaging of paranasal sinus anatomy as compared to sinus radiographs. Increasingly, subtle bony anatomic variations and mucosal abnormalities of this region are being detected. Data regarding the “background” prevalence of these findings are needed to determine their clinical relevance.
Management of Large Hemispheric Strokes in the Neurological Intensive Care Unit

BACKGROUND–Patients with large hemispheric strokes frequently develop neurologic deterioration secondary to cerebral edema. Despite supportive care in the intensive care unit and traditional forms of therapy for cerebral edema, they have a high morbidity and mortality. New forms of therapy are being investigated to improve outcome in these patients. REVIEW SUMMARY–This article begins with a discussion of the clinical and radiologic features of large hemispheric strokes. The role of increased intracranial pressure in neurologic deterioration and the predictors of outcome in these patients are reviewed. The various therapeutic options for management of cerebral edema in these patients, including the role of osmotic therapy, hypothermia, and hemicraniectomy, are explored. CONCLUSIONS–Neurologic deterioration in patients with large hemispheric strokes necessitates admission to the intensive care unit for management of the airway, blood pressure, and cerebral edema. New promising therapies, such as hemicraniectomy and hypothermia, need to be further evaluated to define their role in the management of these patients.
Evolution of Acidic Mammalian Chitinase Genes (CHIA) Is Related to Body Mass and Insectivory in Primates

&NA; Insects are an important food resource for many primates, but the chitinous exoskeletons of arthropods have long been considered to be indigestible by the digestive enzymes of most mammals. However, recently mice and insectivorous bats were found to produce the enzyme acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) to digest insect exoskeletons. Here, we report on the gene CHIA and its paralogs, which encode AMCase, in a comparative sample of nonhuman primates. Our results show that early primates likely had three CHIA genes, suggesting that insects were an important component of the ancestral primate diet. With some exceptions, most extant primate species retain only one functional CHIA paralog. The exceptions include two colobine species, in which all CHIA genes have premature stop codons, and several New World monkey species that retain two functional genes. The most insectivorous species in our sample also have the largest number of functional CHIA genes. Tupaia chinensis and Otolemur garnettii retain three functional CHIA paralogs, whereas Tarsius syrichta has a total of five, two of which may be duplications specific to the tarsier lineage. Selection analyses indicate that CHIA genes are under more intense selection in species with higher insect consumption, as well as in smaller‐bodied species (<500 g), providing molecular support for Kay's Threshold, a well‐established component of primatological theory which proposes that only small primates can be primarily insectivorous. These findings suggest that primates, like mice and insectivorous bats, may use the enzyme AMCase to digest the chitin in insect exoskeletons, providing potentially significant nutritional benefits.
SD-OCT Use in Myopic Retinoschisis Pre- and Post-Vitrectomy

Purpose. To study the features of posterior retinoschisis in high myopia before and after vitrectomy and its correlation with the visual outcome by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. In this retrospective case series, 11 highly myopic eyes which underwent vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling and gas tamponade for retinoschisis during June 2008 to December 2009 were followed up for 6 months. Visual acuity and SD-OCT (Topcon 3D OCT-1000) examination were performed before surgery and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Results. Retinoschisis within the outer, middle, and inner layers was noted in six eyes, and foveal detachment was found in six eyes by SD-OCT preoperatively. The inner and outer segment junctions of the photoreceptor layer showed defects in all eyes. At 6 months postoperatively, the retina had reattached and schisis resolved in 10 eyes. Two parafoveal holes were noted in one eye after surgery. The best-corrected visual acuity increased from 0.15 to 0.8 in one eye, slightly improved in two eyes, and remained unchanged in eight eyes. The continuity of inner segment-outer segment layer almost completely recovered in the eye with best-corrected visual acuity of 0.8 while still showing defects in the other 10 eyes. Conclusions. SD-OCT can clearly demonstrate the morphological changes of retinoschisis. It provides important evidence as to the advantage of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling and helps to explain the visual outcome by documenting the recovery of the inner segment-outer segment layer after surgery. An SD-OCT examination should be considered in patients with high myopia and decreasing vision, with no obvious fundoscopic findings.