Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowing Growing Showing literature review

Throughout the world, young people are having to learn about consumer and financial literacy, especially in the wake of the Global Financial Crisis which hurt many families and communities, including young people. This global challenge naturally extends to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people in Australia who are particularly vulnerable to financial stress and consumer scams. There is not a great deal of literature directly on the topic of Indigenous financial literacy particularly as it pertains to quality teaching and learning. This paper explores Indigenous financial literacy and its wider contexts and seeks to pull three important conceptual and empirical threads together: • what young people need to know about consumer and financial literacy, • how Indigenous learners learn, and • how to best teach these particular literacies to Indigenous learners.
Novel transmit diversity techniques for broadcast services in cellular networks

In this paper, we investigate transmit diversity techniques, which can be easily applied to OFDM-based broadcast and multicast systems. The focus is to provide diversity schemes, which can be implemented in existing OFDM-based systems with minimum changes in system operations. It is also possible to combine these techniques in a suitable manner. The broadcast service provides the ability to transmit the same information stream to multiple users simultaneously. Transmitting the same signal to multiple users, however, may not be an efficient technique in cellular network since it cannot provide sufficient diversity gain. Here we propose OFDM-based efficient transmission techniques utilizing cyclic delay diversity which maximizes the macrodiversity gain from multiple base stations and enhances system performance of broadcast and multicast services in cellular networks. Computer simulation results show that the introduced cyclic delay diversity techniques increase the diversity order greatly, and also by combining existing transmit diversity scheme such as 'Alamouti' method, we can further increase the diversity.
Attitudinal, Economic and Technological Approaches to Wastewater Management in Rural Ohio

Soil-based septic systems serve about one in every four households in the United States. Proper design and quality of soil play an important role in the functioning of such systems. Shallow soils in Ohio do not support traditional leach field systems that require a depth of 4 feet of soil for effective treatment of domestic wastewater. Untreated or partially treated wastewater not only affects the immediate residents, but also contaminates the groundwater aquifer and the local watershed. Wastewater management is not just a technical issue, but one that crosses several disciplines. Challenges to effective wastewater management in rural Ohio are identified in this dissertation and some novel solutions that encompass attitudinal, economic and technological approaches are proposed. Siting leach field systems in shallow soils leads to insufficient treatment of wastewater, leading to private costs for the property owner and public costs for the society. One of the private costs is a loss of property valuation. An analysis of 549 households in Licking County revealed that soil quality is a significant factor in the price of a property. Soils suited for the installation of leach fields and mound systems were shown to be significantly higher than soils that are rated ‘sub-optimal’ for wastewater treatment performance. Additionally, the difference in valuation due to the varying soil quality equals the cost of installing advanced treatment systems.
Impact of action cues, self-efficacy and perceived barriers on daily foot exam practice in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with peripheral neuropathy.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To identify the effects of health belief model factors on daily foot-exam practice among diabetes mellitus patients with peripheral neuropathy. BACKGROUND Daily foot exams are one of the most important self-care behaviours that prevent the occurrence of diabetic foot ulcers and subsequent amputation. Although daily foot exams were under-practiced in patients with peripheral neuropathy, few studies have explored modifiable social-psychological factors related to daily foot exams. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was used to collect the data. METHODS A total of 277 patients with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy were recruited from two hospitals in northern Taiwan. The Family APGAR and Diabetic Foot Ulcer Health Belief Scale (DFUHBS) were used to measure family support and health belief factors respectively. Data on foot-exam practice, perceived self-efficacy and action cues were collected through the use of structured questionnaires. The data were analysed using logistic regression. RESULT The regression model revealed that select action cues (recommendations from family, friends, or health professionals), perceived self-efficacy and perceived barriers interactively influenced the participants' daily foot-exam practice. CONCLUSION Factors related to daily foot-exam practice were identified. Specifically, action cues played a significant role in motivating daily foot-exam practice in this group. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study recognises modifiable factors that influence the daily foot-exam practice of patients with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy. Using the findings of this study, health professionals can design interventions that aim to modify the above factors as a means to promote daily foot-exam practice.
A Numerical Study of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer over a Bank of Flat Tubes

ABSTRACT The present study considers steady laminar two-dimensional incompressible flow over both in-line and staggered flat tube bundles used in heat exchanger applications. The effects of various independent parameters, such as Reynolds number (Re), Prandtl number (Pr), length ratio (L/Da), and height ratio (H/Da), on the pressure drop and heat transfer were studied. A finite-volume-based FORTRAN code was developed to solve the governing equations. In all, 10 modules were considered in this study. The flow is observed to attain a periodically fully developed condition downstream of the fourth module. The nondimensionalized pressure drop decreases monotonically with an increase in the Reynolds number. In general, the module average Nusselt number increases with an increase in the Reynolds number. The results at Pr = 7.0 indicate a significant increase in the computed module average Nusselt number when compared to those for Pr = 0.7. The overall performance of the in-line configuration for lower height ratio (H/Da = 2) and higher length ratio (L/Da = 6) is preferable since it provides higher heat transfer rate for all Reynolds numbers except for the lowest Re value of 25. As expected, the staggered configurations perform better than the in-line configuration from the heat transfer point of view. Also from the heat transfer point of view, equivalent circular tubes perform better than flat tube banks. However, the heat transfer performance ratio was always greater than 1, signifying that from the pressure-drop point of view the flat tube banks perform better than a tube bank with equivalent circular tubes.
Breakthrough Technologies Activity-Based Pro fi ling of a Physiologic Aglycone Library Reveals Sugar Acceptor Promiscuity of Family 1 UDP-Glucosyltransferases from Grape 1 [ W ]

Monoterpenols serve various biological functions and accumulate in grape (Vitis vinifera), where a major fraction occurs as nonvolatile glycosides. We have screened the grape genome for sequences with similarity to terpene URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES (UGTs) from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). A ripening-related expression pattern was shown for three candidates by spatial and temporal expression analyses in five grape cultivars. Transcript accumulation correlated with the production of monoterpenyl b-D-glucosides in grape exocarp during ripening and was low in vegetative tissue. Targeted functional screening of the recombinant UGTs for their biological substrates was performed by activity-based metabolite profiling (ABMP) employing a physiologic library of aglycones built from glycosides isolated from grape. This approach led to the identification of two UDP-glucose:monoterpenol b-D-glucosyltransferases. Whereas VvGT14a glucosylated geraniol, R,S-citronellol, and nerol with similar efficiency, the three allelic forms VvGT15a, VvGT15b, and VvGT15c preferred geraniol over nerol. Kinetic resolution of R,S-citronellol and R,S-linalool was shown for VvGT15a and VvGT14a, respectively. ABMP revealed geraniol as the major biological substrate but also disclosed that these UGTs may add to the production of further glycoconjugates in planta. ABMP of aglycone libraries provides a versatile tool to uncover novel biologically relevant substrates of small-molecule glycosyltransferases that often show broad sugar acceptor promiscuity.
Fraud Discovery in the Credit Default Swaps Market

This study investigates the behavior of credit default swap (CDS) spreads surrounding the discovery of financial reporting fraud. We find that CDS spreads increase in the months before the public discovery of fraud and then spike on the discovery date, implying some CDS investors are better able to detect fraud. We next show that the increase in CDS spreads prior to the public discovery of fraud is more pronounced for firms with larger bank loans and more lead banks in a loan syndicate. We also find that CDS spreads before the public discovery increase more significantly for fraud firms with higher credit risk, less effective governance, and greater information asymmetry between corporate insiders and outside investors. Overall, our results suggest that CDS investors who have higher incentives to monitor the credit risk of the reference entity tend to possess superior information about suspected fraudulent activities, and thus, are better able to detect financial reporting fraud, prior to the public disclosure of fraud. JEL classification: M41; G12; G13; G34
Repurchase Agreements and the European Sovereign Debt Crises: The Role of European Clearinghouses

This article investigates the European repo market and its role as an amplification channel for sovereign-debt crises. We focus on the centrally cleared segment, representing the majority of European repos. A novel data set on repo and margin haircuts applied to sovereign bonds by central clearing counter parties (CCPs) is gathered, allowing us to assess the haircut methodologies used by the major European CCPs. We document that following increases in sovereign risk, haircuts set bymajor CCPs on peripheral sovereign bonds increased significantly. The procyclicality of haircuts and the concentration of bilateral repos raise concerns about the CCP-intermediated repo market as a source of systemic risk in the Eurozone. This is however mitigated by the counter cyclical monetary policy of the European Central Bank (ECB).
Empirical analyses of offshoring based on Japanese firm-level data:A survey

This paper surveys empirical analyses of offshoring (offshore sourcing) based on Japanese firm - level data. Before the literature review, the background of recent active research on this topic is briefly overviewed by referring to increasing avail ability of microdata and the development of firm heterogeneity trade theory. The research topics covered in this paper include the relation with firm’s productivity, inter - firm networking, boundaries of firms, and the impact on employment. The data source used by each study is explained with special emphasis on Japanese unique data. The directions for future research is also suggested.
Transceiver Design in Multiuser MISO Systems with Limited Feedback

It is well known that the availability of M transmit antennas at the base station enables to serve K single-antenna users (K ≤ M), under the assumption of perfect channel state information (CSI) at the base station. However, in practical frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, the channel knowledge available at the base station is not perfect since it is obtained through a limited feedback in the uplink consisting of B bits per user. Part of the B feedback bits can be employed to quantize the channel direction information (CDI), while the rest can be used to quantize the channel magnitude information (CMI) of each user. In this work we address the transceiver design of a multiuser MISO system based on the minimum mean square error criterion and with transmit CSI obtained through a limited feedback composed of quantized CDI and CMI. We treat the case of K ≤ M users with different average channel gains and based on our findings we conclude that for uncorrelated channels it is optimum to employ all the B bits for quantizing the CDI under the assumption that the base station knows the statistics of the CMI of the users.
Corporate monitoring mechanism and corporate governance influence CEO compensation level: Evidence from non-financial firms of Pakistan

Managerial compensation is strategically pivotal and practically interesting to manage as it has long-lasting ties with firm? s performance. It is regarded as most crucial tool to attract and retain the top-notched professionals to achieve the firm? s strategic and long term objectives. The executives tends to support their comparatively higher level of compensation sometimes, may be at the cost of priority to firm? s value and interest of principles. In corporate finance literature, this phenomenon of opportunistic behavior has been controlled by various monitoring mechanisms. The new spectacle is apposite in Pakistani financial institutions that have no more strict application of compensation regulation. The current study empirically evaluates the impact of different corporate governance attributes such as institutional shareholders? activism, independence of audit committee and board structure and block holding on the level of compensation paid to CEO of Pakistani listed firms for a period of 2007-2013. All these personas worked as monitoring mechanism for CEOs is scrutiny through stepwise regression. The results found that independent audit committee and board of director along with dual CEO structure and greater family ownership are helpful in mitigating the higher level of CEO compensation with is in align with the agency cost hypothesis. Moreover, higher financial institutional ownership found positively related to CEO compensation which is in accordance with the strategic alliance hypothesis. However, the role of institutions in deciding CEO compensation becomes negative in case of family firms as compared to non-family firms.
Digital Identity Guidelines: Authentication and Lifecycle Management

These guidelines provide technical requirements for federal agencies implementing digital identity services and are not intended to constrain the development or use of standards outside of this purpose. These guidelines focus on the authentication of subjects interacting with government systems over open networks, establishing that a given claimant is a subscriber who has been previously authenticated. The result of the authentication process may be used locally by the system performing the authentication or may be asserted elsewhere in a federated identity system. This document defines technical requirements for each of the three authenticator assurance levels. This publication supersedes corresponding sections of NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-63-2.
Clinical and Immunologic Biomarkers for Histologic Regression of High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia and Clearance of HPV16 and HPV18 after Immunotherapy

Purpose: As previously reported, treatment of high-grade cervical dysplasia with VGX-3100 resulted in complete histopathologic regression (CR) concomitant with elimination of HPV16/18 infection in 40.0% of VGX-3100–treated patients compared with only 14.3% in placebo recipients in a randomized phase IIb study. Here, we identify clinical and immunologic characteristics that either predicted or correlated with therapeutic benefit from VGX-3100 to identify parameters that might guide clinical decision-making for this disease. Experimental Design: We analyzed samples taken from cervical swabs, whole blood, and tissue biopsies/resections to determine correlates and predictors of treatment success. Results: At study entry, the presence of preexisting immunosuppressive factors such as FoxP3 and PD-L1 in cervical lesions showed no association with treatment outcome. The combination of HPV typing and cervical cytology following dosing was predictive for both histologic regression and elimination of detectable virus at the efficacy assessment 22 weeks later (negative predictive value 94%). Patients treated with VGX-3100 who had lesion regression had a statistically significant >2-fold increase in CD137+perforin+CD8+ T cells specific for the HPV genotype causing disease. Increases in cervical mucosal CD137+ and CD103+ infiltrates were observed only in treated patients. Perforin+ cell infiltrates were significantly increased >2-fold in cervical tissue only in treated patients who had histologic CR. Conclusions: Quantitative measures associated with an effector immune response to VGX-3100 antigens were associated with lesion regression. Consequently, these analyses indicate that certain immunologic responses associate with successful resolution of HPV-induced premalignancy, with particular emphasis on the upregulation of perforin in the immunotherapy-induced immune response. Clin Cancer Res; 24(2); 276–94. ©2017 AACR.
Pathogen profile update: Fusarium oxysporum.

TAXONOMY Kingdom Fungi; Phylum Ascomycota; Class Sordariomycetes; Order Hypocreales; Family Nectriaceae; genus Fusarium. HOST RANGE Very broad at the species level. More than 120 different formae speciales have been identified based on specificity to host species belonging to a wide range of plant families. DISEASE SYMPTOMS Initial symptoms of vascular wilt include vein clearing and leaf epinasty, followed by stunting, yellowing of the lower leaves, progressive wilting, defoliation and, finally, death of the plant. On fungal colonization, the vascular tissue turns brown, which is clearly visible in cross-sections of the stem. Some formae speciales are not primarily vascular pathogens, but cause foot and root rot or bulb rot. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE Can cause severe losses in many vegetables and flowers, field crops, such as cotton, and plantation crops, such as banana, date palm and oil palm. CONTROL Use of resistant varieties is the only practical measure for controlling the disease in the field. In glasshouses, soil sterilization can be performed. USEFUL WEBSITES http://www.broad. mit.edu/annotation/genome/fusarium_group/MultiHome.html; http://www.fgsc. net/Fusarium/fushome.htm; http://www.phi-base.org/query.php
On ACC (circuit complexity)

It has been shown by A. Yao (1990) that every language in ACC is recognized by a sequence of depth-2 probabilistic circuits with a symmetric gate at the root and n/sup polylog/(n) AND gates of fan-in polylog (n) at the leaves. The authors simplify Yao's proof and strengthen his results: every language in ACC is recognized by a sequence of depth-2 deterministic circuits with a symmetric gate at the root and n/sup polylog/(n) AND gates of fan-in polylog(n) at the leaves. They also analyze and improve modulus-amplifying polynomials constructed by S. Toda (1989) and Yao: this yields smaller circuits in Yao's and the present results on ACC. <<ETX>>
Effects of short‐lasting supramaximal‐intensity exercise on diet‐induced increase in oxygen uptake

This study was undertaken to quantify the additional increase in diet‐induced oxygen uptake after exhaustive high‐intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE), consisting of 6–7 bouts of 20‐sec bicycle exercise (intensity: 170% V˙O2max ) with a 10‐sec rest between bouts. Using a metabolic chamber, the oxygen uptake of ten men was measured from 10:30 am to 07:00 am the next day on two separate days with or without HIIE, with lunch (12:00) and supper (18:00) (Diet experiment). On two other days, the oxygen uptake of six different subjects was measured from 10:30 to 16:00 with or without HIIE, but without meals (Fasting experiment). Ten minutes of exercise at 50% V˙O2max preceded the HIIE in both experiments; EPOC (excess postexercise oxygen consumption) after HIIE was found to wear off before 12:00 in both experiments. In the Diet experiment, oxygen uptake during HIIE and EPOC were 123.4 ± 12.0 and 115.3 ± 32.3 mL·kg−1, respectively. Meals elevated resting oxygen uptake on both days, but those on the HIIE day were significantly higher than on the control day. This enhanced diet‐induced oxygen uptake (difference in resting oxygen uptake from 12:00–23:00 between HIIE and control day: ΔDIT) was 146.1 ± 90.9 mL·kg−1, comparable to the oxygen uptake during the HIIE and EPOC. The ΔDIT was correlated with subjects’ V˙O2max (52.1 ± 6.6 mL·kg−1·min−1) (r = 0.76, n = 10, P < 0.05). We concluded that HIIE enhances diet‐induced oxygen uptake significantly, and that it is related to the cardiorespiratory fitness.
Role of thrombosis in the pathogenesis of congestive hepatic fibrosis (cardiac cirrhosis)

The pathogenesis of congestive cirrhosis is generally thought to be a reaction of the hepatic stroma to hypoxia, pressure, or necrosis. This does not explain the poor correlation between symptoms and severity of fibrosis and the irregular distribution of fibrosis within the liver. We have observed healed hepatic vein (HV) thrombosis in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). The purposes of this study were to document hepatic vascular lesions in autopsy livers of patients with chronic CHF, to determine the role of these lesions in the pathogenesis of congestive cirrhosis, and to refine the definition of congestive cirrhosis. Twenty‐five livers were studied, 13 with multiple large blocks 4 × 5 cm. Sections were graded for parenchymal fibrous septa, sinusoidal fibrosis, and intimal fibrosis of portal veins (PVs) and HVs. Fibrous septa were found in livers of 7 of 13 patients with CHF and in none of 12 controls without CHF (P = 0.007). Parenchymal fibrosis was highly variable in distribution, often with severe septation in some areas and nearly normal morphology in others. Intimal fibrosis and obstruction of small‐ and medium‐HVs were found only in livers of patients with CHF. The vascular lesions were confined to regions with fibrous septation and had morphology suggestive of organized thrombosis. Acute thrombi in sinusoids were noted in livers of 4 patients with CHF and in livers of 2 patients without CHF. These findings support the hypothesis that congestive cirrhosis is a response to intrahepatic thrombosis. The pattern of disease suggests that thrombus begins in sinusoids, occasionally propagates to HVs, and causes secondary local PV thrombosis, ischemia, parenchymal extinction, and fibrosis.
The PreventCD Study design: towards new strategies for the prevention of coeliac disease

Background PreventCD (www.preventcd.com) is a European multicentre study, which studies the influence of infant nutrition, and that of genetic, immunologic and environmental factors, on the risk of developing coeliac disease (CD). The hypothesis is that it is possible to induce tolerance to gluten by introducing small quantities of gluten to infants, preferably while they are still being breast-fed, and that this might also reduce the risk for related autoimmune disorders. Aim To describe the design of this ongoing European CD research project. Methods PreventCD encompasses two study designs and two study populations: (i) a European multicentre study: a prospective, double-blind, randomized dietary-intervention study among infants from families with high risk of CD, and (ii) a Swedish population-based CD screening study among 12-year-olds from the general population, divided into two birth cohorts that differ with respect to infant feeding practices. Discussion PreventCD is expected to elucidate some of the genetic and immunological mechanisms involved in the process of immune intolerance.