Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Induction and Resuscitation of Viable but Nonculturable Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104†

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 11601was tested for its ability to maintain viability in minimal, chemically defined solutions. Periodic monitoring of growth and survival in microcosms of different ion concentrations, maintained at various temperatures, showed a gradual decline in culturable organisms (∼235 days) at 5°C. Organisms maintained at a higher temperature (21°C) showed continuous, equivalent CFU per milliliter (∼106) up to 400 days after inoculation. Fluorescence microscopy with Baclight revealed that nonculturable cells were actually viable, while observations with scanning electron microscopy showed that the cells had retained their structural integrity. Temperature upshift (56°C ± 0.5, 15 s) of the nonculturable organisms (5°C) in Trypticase soy broth followed by immediate inoculation onto Trypticase soy agar (TSA) gave evidence of resuscitation. Interestingly, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 from the microcosms at either 5°C (1 to 200 days) or 21°C (1 to 250 days) did not show enhanced growth after intermittent inoculation onto catalase-supplemented TSA. Furthermore, cells from 21°C microcosms exposed to oxidative and osmotic stress showed greater resistance to stresses over increasing times of exposure than did recently grown cells. It is possible that the exceptional survivability and resilience of this particular strain may in part reflect the growing importance of this multidrug-resistant organism, in general, as a cause of intestinal disease in humans. The fact that S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 11601 is capable of modifying its physiological characteristics, including entry into and recovery from the viable but nonculturable state, suggests the overall possibility that S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 may be able to respond uniquely to various adverse environmental conditions.
Neural basis for sentence comprehension: Grammatical and short‐term memory components

We monitored regional cerebral activity with BOLD fMRI while subjects were presented written sentences differing in their grammatical structure (subject‐relative or object‐relative center‐embedded clauses) and their short‐term memory demands (short or long antecedent‐gap linkages). A core region of left posterior superior temporal cortex was recruited during all sentence conditions in comparison to a pseudofont baseline, suggesting that this area plays a central role in sustaining comprehension that is common to all sentences. Right posterior superior temporal cortex was recruited during sentences with long compared to short antecedent‐gap linkages regardless of grammatical structure, suggesting that this brain region supports passive short‐term memory during sentence comprehension. Recruitment of left inferior frontal cortex was most clearly associated with sentences that featured both an object‐relative clause and a long antecedent‐gap linkage, suggesting that this region supports the cognitive resources required to maintain long‐distance syntactic dependencies during the comprehension of grammatically complex sentences. Hum. Brain Mapping 15:80–94, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peritoneal Dialysis for Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

End-stage renal disease secondary to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney (ADPKD) is a common issue worldwide. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a reasonable option for renal replacement therapy for these patients and should not be withheld due to concerns that the patient may not tolerate the fluid volumes in the peritoneal cavity. This review covers the existing data on the outcomes and complications associated with the use of PD in the polycystic kidney disease patient. In general, PD is well tolerated and outcomes in ADPKD patients are equivalent to or better than other patient groups.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma and associated risk factors in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: a hospital based case control study.

BACKGROUND Oral cancer is the third most common malignancy in Saudi Arabia, the highest incidence of which is reported from Jazan province. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of various locally used substances, especially shamma, with oral cancer in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was designed and patient records were scanned for histologically confirmed oral cancer cases. Forty eight patients who were recently diagnosed with oral cancer were selected as cases. Two healthy controls were selected for each observed case and they were matched with age (+/-5 years) gender and location. Use of different forms of tobacco such as cigarettes, pipe-smoking and shamma (smokeless- tobacco) was assessed. Khat, a commonly used chewing substance in the community was also included. Descriptive analysis was first performed followed by multiple logistic regression (with and without interaction) to derive odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs). RESULTS Mean age of the study sample (56% males and 44% females) was 65.3 years. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that shamma use increased the odds of developing oral cancer by 29 times (OR=29.3; 10.3-83.1). Cigarette (OR=6.74; 2.18-20.8) was also seen to have an effect. With the interaction model the odds ratio increased significantly for shamma users (OR=37.2; 12.3-113.2) and cigarette smokers (OR=10.5; 2.88-3.11). Khat was observed to have negative effect on the disease occurrence when used along with shamma (OR=0.01; 0.00-0.65). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that shamma, a moist form of smokeless tobacco is a major threat for oral cancer occurrence in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. This study gives a direction to conduct further longitudinal studies in the region with increased sample size representing the population in order to provide more substantial evidence.
Pharmacokinetics of cysteamine bitartrate following intraduodenal delivery

Cysteamine is approved for the treatment of cystinosis and is being evaluated for Huntington's disease and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Little is known about the bioavailability and biodistribution of the drug. The aim was to determine plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and tissue (liver, kidney, muscle) cysteamine levels following intraduodenal delivery of the drug in rats pretreated and naïve to cysteamine and to estimate the hepatic first‐pass effect on cysteamine. Healthy male rats (n = 66) underwent intraduodenal and portal (PV) or jugular (JVC) venous catheterization. Half were pretreated with cysteamine, and half were naïve. Following intraduodenal cysteamine (20 mg/kg), serial blood samples were collected from the PV or the JVC. Animals were sacrificed at specific time points, and CSF and tissue were collected. Cysteamine levels were determined in plasma, CSF, and tissue. The Cmax was achieved in 5–10 min from PV and 5–22.5 min from JVC. The PV‐Cmax (P = 0.08), PV‐AUC0–t (P = 0.16), JVC‐Cmax (P = 0.02) and JVC‐AUC0–t (P = 0.03) were higher in naive than in pretreated animals. Plasma cysteamine levels returned to baseline in ≤120 min. The hepatic first‐pass effect was estimated at 40%. Peak tissue and CSF cysteamine levels occurred ≤22.5 min, but returned to baseline levels ≤180 min. There was no difference in CSF and tissue cysteamine levels between naïve and pretreated groups, although cysteamine was more rapidly cleared in the pretreated group. Cysteamine is rapidly absorbed from the small intestine, undergoes significant hepatic first‐pass metabolism, crosses the blood brain barrier, and is almost undetectable in plasma, CSF, and body tissues 2 h after ingestion. Sustained‐release cysteamine may provide prolonged tissue exposure.
Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms ( SNPs ) to Predict Risk of Nonfamilial Breast Cancer

PLEASE NOTE: Contracts exclude from coverage, among other things, services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers may bill members for services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers are encouraged to inform members before rendering such services that the members are likely to be financially responsible for the cost of these services.
Capacity to make financial decisions among people with mild intellectual disabilities.

BACKGROUND Although there has been growing recognition of the importance of enabling people with intellectual disabilities (ID) to be more directly involved in managing their own financial affairs, so far, little is known about this aspect of their decision- making. METHOD Using vignettes and semi-structured interviews, the financial decision-making abilities of men and women with mild ID (n=30; mean FSIQ =61.80; SD=10.59) were compared with those of their counterparts in the 'general population' (n=16; mean FSIQ=101.56; SD=7.62) and 'very able' individuals (n=14; mean FSIQ=123.93; SD=7.60). RESULTS Whilst the financial decision-making abilities of participants with ID were generally weaker than those of other participants, the differences were not discrete, and many individuals were judged to be able to make at least some personal financial decisions. For all three groups, understanding information relevant to the decision, and reasoning with it, were the hardest parts of the process. CONCLUSIONS The findings support a functional approach to the assessment of financial decision-making for both legal and clinical purposes, but raise concerns about mental incapacity legislation and assessment.
Fault Diagnosis of Space-Borne Fiber-Optic Gyros Based on Random Walk Coefficient Prediction and In-Orbit Calculation

A novel fault diagnosis method for the space-borne interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope (IFOG) is presented in this paper. The noise source of the fiber-optic gyroscope is analyzed first. Then, the prediction model of the random walk coefficient (RWC) is established based on the radiation-induced attenuation effect on optical fiber, and the estimation model of RWC is developed by using the detected signal acquired by the photo-detector. In addition, an improved iterative method to calculate the RWC with the output data of the IFOG in orbit is proposed. The three RWC values mentioned above are compared to determine the operational state of the gyroscope. And an in-situ fault diagnosis strategy for the IFOG is proposed finally. Based on the ground simulation and fault injection, the feasibility of the strategy is proved.
HIV-Negative Status Is Associated With Very Early Onset of Lactation Among Ghanaian Women

This is a longitudinal cohort study investigating the association between maternal HIV status and the reported onset of lactation. The Research to Improve Infant Nutrition and Growth project recruited 442 mothers from 3 antenatal clinics in the eastern region of Ghana, based on positive, negative, and unknown HIV status. Onset of lactation was assessed by maternal perception and validated with 2 subsamples: measurement of infant breast milk intake (n = 40) and daily infant weight measurement for 2 weeks (n = 150). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of very early onset of lactation (onset of lactation < 6 hours). Predictors of very early onset of lactation include HIV-negative status (odds ratio = 2.68; P = .014), multiparity (odds ratio = 2.93; P = .009), vaginal delivery (odds ratio = 2.55; P = .035), and having a male child (odds ratio = 1.86; P = .032). The findings indicate an association between maternal HIV status and very early onset of lactation.
Cooperative Spectrum Sharing Protocol with Secondary User Selection

In this paper, we propose a two-phase protocol based on cooperative relaying for a secondary system to achieve spectrum access along with a primary system. The primary system comprises of a transmitter-receiver pair PT-PR, and the secondary system comprises of M transmitters STi, i ∈ {1, 2,. , M} and a common receiver SR. The secondary transmitter STp which achieves the request target rate for the primary system is selected to serve as a decode-and-forward (DF) relay for the primary system. With the cooperation of STp, the primary system is able to tolerate interference lower than a certain threshold in the relaying phase, without degrading its outage performance. The secondary transmitter STs, which satisfies this interference constraint and provides the optimal outage performance for the secondary system, is then selected to access the spectrum band simultaneously when STp is relaying the primary signal. Theoretical and simulation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed spectrum sharing protocol, and we show that both primary and secondary systems are able to achieve better outage performance with increasing M.
Pregabalin for generalized anxiety disorder: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), characterized by pervasive and highly distressing anxiety and worries, is associated with severe impairment. Although numerous agents from various drug classes are available to treat GAD, as many as 50% of patients have inadequate response, constituting an important medical frontier. In the face of this challenge, new pharmacological alternatives need to be further studied aiming at clinical improvement and better quality of life for patients. To assess the efficacy of pregabalin (PGB) compared with placebo for amelioration of anxiety symptoms in patients with GAD. A systematic literature search was performed using databases such as MEDLINE and EMBASE and other sources. The main outcome was Hedges’ g for continuous scores. We used a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the I2 (moderate heterogeneity was assumed if I2 was >50% and high heterogeneity if I2 was >75%) and the &khgr;2-test (P<0.10 for heterogeneity). Publication bias was evaluated using the funnel plot. Meta-regression was performed using the random-effects model. For safety evaluation, we compared patients’ dropout rates. We included eight randomized-controlled trials (n=2299) in our study, comparing the use of PGB in different dosages and placebo. In terms of the main outcome, PGB was found to be superior to the placebo group (Hedges’ g=0.37; 95% confidence interval 0.30–0.44). The funnel plot assessment showed a low risk of publication bias. Between-study heterogeneity was not significant (I2=0%), strengthening our results. Meta-regression showed no particular influence of any variable on the results. A categorical analysis of safety, using dropout as the most severe possible outcome, was carried out. No difference between PGB and placebo groups was observed in terms of the dropout rates. PGB was superior to placebo for the amelioration of GAD symptoms. In addition, the dropout rate was not significantly higher than that of the placebo groups. PGB was comparable to benzodiazepines in clinical response, but had lower dropout rates than benzodiazepine.
Monocytic skin nodules in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: Clinical response to decitabine therapy

Patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) exhibit variable impairment of hematopoiesis, similar to patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), in addition to proliferative cellular features that are more consistent with a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) [1]. Monocytic skin nodules are a rare cytoproliferative complication of CMML, often misdiagnosed as cutaneous lymphoma, and are frequently refractory to therapies commonly used for CMML such as hydroxyurea and etoposide [2 – 4] Here we describe clinical response of diffuse monocytic skin nodules in a patient with CMML who was treated with decitabine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for therapeutic use in patients with MDS. A 68-year-old woman with an unremarkable medical history presented to our institution complaining of multiple firm painless reddish-purple cutaneous nodules involving her face, trunk, and extremities (Figure 1). She carried an outside diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. However, skin biopsies instead demonstrated a monomorphic, monocytic dermal infiltrate. A complete blood count revealed a hemoglobin of 133 g/l, white count of 6.0610/l with 28% monocytes (absolute monocyte count 1.68610/l), and platelet count of 110610/l. Marrow examination was consistent with CMML, with erythroid and atypical megakaryocytic hyperplasia and excess monocytic precursors in a markedly hypercellular marrow. The karyotype was normal, and marrow blast proportion was 51%. The patient’s skin nodules progressed despite clinical trial treatment with bortezomib. She was then treated with decitabine using an outpatient dosing regimen developed at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (20 mg/m/day intravenously for 5 days) [5]. Dramatic reduction in the size of the skin nodules (450%) was achieved after only a single cycle of decitabine therapy, and the patient then gave permission to report her case. Unfortunately, her marrow disease did not respond as well: although her platelet count normalized (327610/l), she soon developed circulating blasts with marrow evidence of progression to acute myeloid leukemia with a complex karyotype. When decitabine was discontinued, the nodules increased in size again. She was treated with induction chemotherapy, but died of refractory fungemia and respiratory failure. Decitabine therapy was recently reported to be effective in CMML (58% complete response rate), which is a difficult disease for which there are few active agents [6]. Here we report activity of decitabine in a rare complication of CMML: diffuse monocytic cutaneous nodules. A trial of a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor such as decitabine or azacitidine could be considered for patients with CMML-associated skin infiltrates. However, clinicians should also be aware that discordance is possible between skin and marrow response to therapy, and leukemic progression can develop even as the cutaneous disease is improving.
Meta-analysis of the reliability and validity of the Anticipated Turnover Scale across studies of registered nurses in the United States.

BACKGROUND Globally, there are serious human and financial costs associated with registered nurse (RN) turnover. Anticipating turnover before turnover occurs is important to prevent costly and unnecessary turnover. Using a reliable and valid measure of anticipated turnover is essential to credible healthcare research on which nursing policy decisions are based. This meta-analysis provides a systematic way to determine the legitimacy of the use of the Anticipated Turnover Scale (ATS) in RN workforce research. AIMS The aims of this meta-analysis were to determine the consistency of reliability estimates and evidence of construct validity of ATS scores across studies of RNs in the US. A secondary purpose was to evaluate variability in reliability and validity according to study quality, century within which studies were conducted and whether studies were published or unpublished. METHODS Search strategies included accessing computerized databases, emailing researchers, consulting experts, footnote-chasing and accessing unpublished reports. Two independent reviewers examined studies according to inclusion criteria and quality. Consensus was reached on selected studies and quality ratings. RESULTS Overall mean weighted effect size (MWES) of reliability from 12 studies was 0.89. Overall MWES of validity correlating the ATS and four job satisfaction measures for seven studies was -0.53. There was variability in reliability according to quality of studies. CONCLUSION The ATS demonstrated excellent reliability and construct validity across studies of RNs in the US. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nursing management should consider the ATS in research on prevention of RN turnover.
Alcohol milestones, risk factors, and religion/spirituality in young adult women.

OBJECTIVE The alcoholism research literature has long reported a significant, reliable, and inverse association between alcohol use disorders and religion/spirituality (R/S), and this is also evident in the period of highest risk--adolescence and young adulthood. In the treatment area, both clinical and mutual-help programs for alcohol use disorders often include a spiritual component, and outcome studies validate the efficacy of such programs. Even so, the alcoholism-R/S relationship is little understood. METHOD The current study examined data from an existing sample of 4,002 female adolescents/young adults and their families. Data analyses examined five demographic, nine R/S, and eight risk-factor variables as predictors of five alcohol milestones: initial drink, first intoxication, regular use, heavy consumption, and alcohol dependence. RESULTS Results affirmed the known association between alcoholism risk factors and alcohol use milestones and also found moderate to strong associations between most R/S variables and these risk factors and milestones. A multivariate model simultaneously examining both sets of variables found that specific risk factors and specific R/S variables remained significant predictors of alcohol use milestones after accounting for all other variables. Mediation and moderation tests did not find evidence that R/S accounted for or qualified the relationship between alcohol risk factors and alcohol milestones. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the multidimensional role of R/S influences within the etiological network of alcoholism risk and protective factors in adolescents/young adults and found R/S dimensions to be independent and substantial influences on alcohol use disorders rather than mediators or moderators of other risks.
Cytopathic Effects of Non-Syncytium-Inducing and Syncytium-Inducing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants on Different CD4+-T-Cell Subsets Are Determined Only by Coreceptor Expression

ABSTRACT In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, syncytium-inducing (SI) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected and depleted all CD4+ T cells, including naive T cells. Non-SI HIV-1 infected and depleted only the CCR5-expressing T-cell subset. This may explain the accelerated CD4 cell loss after SI conversion in vivo.
Deep and Shallow Model for Insurance Churn Prediction Service

Churn prediction is very important to the insurance industry. Therefore, there is a big value to investigate how to improve its performance. More importantly, a good model can be used by a common service provider and benefit many companies. State-of-the-art methods either use 1) shallow models such as logistic regression, with sophisticated feature engineering, or 2) deep models that learn features and classification models simultaneously. In terms of performance, shallow models can memorize better while deep models can generalize better but may under-generalize with insufficient data. Therefore, we propose a combined Deep &amp, Shallow model (DSM) to take the strengths of both memorization and generalization in one model by jointly training shallow models and deep models. The experiment results show that for insurance churn prediction, joint training can significantly improve the performance and the DSM earns better performance than both shallow-only and deep-only models. In our real-life dataset, the DSM performs better than CNN, LSTM, Stochastic Gradient Descent, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Quadratic Discriminant Analysis, Gaussian Naive Bayes, AdaBoost, Random Forest, and Gradient Tree Boosting. In addition, the DSM can also be applied to other prediction services.