Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Granulomatous slack skin disease: a review, in comparison with mycosis fungoides

Granulomatous slack skin (GSS) is a rare cutaneous disorder characterized by the evolution of circumscribed erythematous loose skin masses, especially in the body folds, and histologically by a loss of elastic fibers and granulomatous T‐cell infiltrates. This disease is often associated with preceding or successive lymphoproliferative malignancies, especially Mycosis Fungoides (MF) and Hodgkin’s Disease (HD). Whether Granulomatous Slack Skin Disease is a benign disorder, an unusual host reaction or a precursor of malignant lymphoma or an indolent Cutaneous T‐cell Lymphoma (CTCL) in itself, is still a controversy. This article reviews its literature on the etiology, clinical findings, and treatment of Granulomatous Slack Skin Disease. It also concentrates on its association with Hodgkin’s disease and its comparison with Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary Syndrome.
A Pole-to-Pole Short-Circuit Fault Current Calculation Method for DC Grids

This paper proposes a generic pole-to-pole short-circuit fault current calculation method for dc grids. The calculation procedure begins from the simplified RLC equivalent model of a single modular multilevel converter, and then the prefault matrices and faulted matrices are established and modified to calculate the dc fault currents of all the branches. The proposed approaches are validated by comparing with the electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation results on PSCAD/EMTDC. Besides, two case studies showed that the calculation method can be easily used to evaluate the severity of a dc fault. Moreover, the calculation can be applied to select the parameters of a fault current limiter (to match the circuit breaker capacity. The main contributions of the proposed numerical calculation method are: 1) The proposed method is accurate and much more time efficient than the EMT simulations; 2) the proposed method can handle all kinds of dc grid networks including the ring, radial, and meshed topologies; and 3) the proposed method is applicable to dc grid with multiple dc voltage level areas connected with dc/dc converters.
Distribution studies of tetrahydrohomofolic acid (NSC 89473) in mice.

Summary Tetrahydrohomofolic acid, like tetrahydrofolic acid, was found to be unstable in acid pH, liberating free diazotizable amine which could be estimated by the Bratton-Marshall reagent. An assay procedure based on this observation has been developed to determine the drug levels in biological material, and the tissue distribution of the drug in normal mice has been determined. At the optimum therapeutic dose level (400 mg/kg i.p.), the peak levels of the drug in blood plasma, kidney, lung, spleen, and brain occurred at 30 min or less and in liver at 60 min or less after injection, and declined rapidly thereafter. The peak drug level in kidney was 798 µg/g. Plasma, liver, lung, spleen, and brain contained 59, 42, 40, 22, and 4% of the kidney drug levels, respectively. At a higher dose level (800 mg/kg i.p.), plasma, lung, and brain attained peak levels in 30 min, spleen and liver in 1 hr, and kidney in 2 hr. The peak drug levels in plasma, liver, lung, spleen, and brain were 82, 36, 47, 28, and 8% of the peak kidney drug level, respectively. In kidney and lung, the half-life of the drug was prolonged considerably at the higher dose level. At the lower dose level, the values in kidney and lung were 120 and 96 min, but at the higher dose level, the values increased to 426 and 192 min, respectively. The peak drug level attained in plasma after s.c. administration was 25% of that attained after i.p. administration, and hardly any drug was detected in plasma after p.o. administration. The drug levels in erythrocytes in vivo as well as in vitro were 1.8 times higher than the drug levels in plasma. After a dose of 400 mg/kg i.p., 26% was recovered in the urine over a 9-day period, 21% of which was excreted within 4 hr.
Urodynamic features of the voiding dysfunction in HTLV-1 infected individuals.

OBJECTIVE To describe urodynamic abnormalities in HTLV-1 infected individuals presenting urinary symptoms and verify if these findings and quality of life (QOL) evaluation correlate with overall neurological impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January/2001 to May/2004, 324 HTLV-1 seropositive subjects were evaluated to determine the occurrence of urinary symptoms. Urodynamic testing was performed in those who complained of frequency, urgency, or incontinence. They went through a complete clinical, neurological, and urological examination to investigate symptoms and signs of myelopathy. Neurological disability was assessed by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). RESULTS From the 324 patients evaluated, 78 underwent the urodynamic testing. Fifty-seven individuals were females (73.1%) and age ranged from 23 to 76 years (mean=48.7 years; SD +/- 11.6). Urodynamic testing was abnormal in 63 patients (80.8%). The major abnormality was detrusor overactivity (DO), observed in 33 individuals (33/63; 52.4%), followed by detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD), diagnosed in 15 subjects (15/63; 25.4%). HAM/TSP patients had significantly more DESD than the HTLV-I carriers (p=0.005; OR=5.5; CI: 1.6 to 19.4). QOL was severely compromised in HAM/TSP patients. CONCLUSIONS Prominent urodynamic abnormalities were identified in individuals genuinely considered as HTLV-I carriers, suggesting an early compromise of the urinary tract; whereas HAM/TSP patients presented urodynamic findings, which posed a potential risk to the upper urinary tract (dyssynergia). Urodynamic evaluation should be performed in all HTLV-I-infected individuals with voiding complaints.
Kajian kepuasan pelanggan di kalangan pesakit klinik swasta di Seremban, Negeri Sembilan

Satu kajian irisan lintang telah dijalankan untuk menentukan tahap kepuasan pelanggan dalam perkhidmatan pesakit luar klinik swasta di Seremban, Negeri Sembilan dari Disember 1996 hingga Februari 1997. Kaedah pensampelan sistematik dilakukan ke atas pesakit yang mendapatkan rawatan di klinik swasta. Pengumpulan data dijalankan dengan menggunakan soul selidik berpandu. Kadar kepuasan pelanggan keseluruhan adalah 19.4%. Secara purata, responden klinik swasta berpuas hati dengan faktor adab interpersonal, kualiti teknikal, asesibiliti dun efikasi/hasil rawatan. Responden tidak berpuas hati dengan faktor persekitaran fizikal, availabiliti, caj perkhidmatan dun penjagaan berterusan. Keputusan yang diperolehi berguna bagi doktor di klinik swasta meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan serta kualiti perkhidmatan yang diberikan seperti meningkatkan kemudahan asas, pemeriksaan makmal dun melaksanakan sistem temujanji yang sesuai terutama kepada pesakit yang mempunyai masalah kronik agar dapat dirawat oleh doktor klinik tersebut.
Clotting Factors during Oral Contraception: Further Report

Coagulation studies were performed on 97 women taking a variety of oral contraceptives (OCs) 100 normal control women and 76 pregnant women (13 in the first trimester 26 in the second and 37 in the third). Prothrombin activity cephaline time and factor 7 8 and 10 assays were performed before the start and after 1 2 and 3 months then between 3-6 months 7-12 months and between 1-2 years. Prothrombin activity showed only slight variation throughout. There was little difference in cephalin time between the OC and the normal group. In contrast the pregnant patients showed progressively shorter cephalin times which became shortened during the second trimester the most marked acceleration occurring postpartum. There was little change in factor 7 during the first trimester of pregnancy but from the second trimester on a rise was recorded. A rise in factor 7 and 10 levels was seen from the third month on with the maximum in those patients who had been on OCs for more than 2 years. A broader spectrum of clotting tests appeared to be accelerated during normal pregnancy than during OC therapy and both factor 7 and 10 were higher when comparing trimesters of pregnancy with a similar period on OCs. After a 2 year course the rise in factor 7 levels was of the same order. It was concluded that it is important to determine whether factor 7 goes on increasing with more prolonged courses of oral contraception.
Corrosion of Metals in Wood Products

The corrosion of metals in contact with wood has been studied for over 80 years, and in most situations wood is not corrosive [1]. Recently, however, the durability of fasteners in preser‐ vative-treated wood has become a concern. Changes in legislation and certification in the United States, the European Union, and Australasia have restricted the use of chromated copper arsenate (CCA), which was previously the most extensively used waterborne wood preservative [2, 3]. Following these changes, several different wood preservatives have come to the market, some of which are much more corrosive than CCA [4-7]. Although a lot of recent research has been conducted in this area, no attempt has been made to summarize all the recent advances, and confusion exists about the corrosiveness of alternatives to CCA and proper materials selection for use in treated wood. In this chapter, we summarize information on why metals corrode in wood, how fast this corrosion occurs, and techniques to minimize corrosion in wood products.
Clinicopathological and p53 gene alteration comparison between young and older patients with gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND Differences in clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer (GC) between young and older patients are controversial and a matter of debate. Determining the statistical significance of clinicopathological information with respect to age might provide clues for better management and treatment of GC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 103 Indian GC patients were enrolled for study and specimens were classified according to the AJCC-TNM system. Patients were grouped into two age-wise categories, young patients (<40 years; n=13) and older patients (≥40 years, n=90). The clinicopathological features of both groups were retrospectively examined and compared. p53 alterations were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism and immunohistochemistry methods at gene and protein levels respectively. The cases were considered p53 over-expressed if it was present in more than 25% of the tumor cells and p53 alterations was correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients as well as etiological factors for GC in both groups. RESULTS We found significant association of young patients with cancer stage (p=0.01), and very strong association with histology grade (p=0.064) and poorly differentiated (p=0.051) state of GC. However, neither young nor elderly patients showed associations with location, gender, etiological factors and p53 expression and alteration. Overall the male-to-female ratio of GC patients was 3.12 and the value was higher in the young (5.5) than in the older group (2.91). CONCLUSIONS Clinicopathological features of GC like cancer stage, cell differentiation and histological grades were significantly different among young and old age cohorts. We observed a male predominance among the young group that decreased significantly with advancing age. More awareness of GC onset is required to detect cancer at an early stage for successful treatment.
The Strategic Role of Data Resources: Two Case Studies from SMB Financing and Advertising Industries

In this paper we examine the strategic role of data resources. We contrast the resourcebased view and the relational view theories to examine how data resources can help organizations create and capture value. We use two case studies from two different industries to understand how different types of data resources can provide a competitive advantage. We also examine the role of strategic partnerships in capturing value created through the exploitation of data resources. We conclude that while data often serve as a required resource for entry into new markets, strategic partnerships play a critical role in capturing value created through exploitation of data resources. We also find that the emergent partnership structures can be remarkably similar in different industries. The emergent structures target rapid market expansion through the use of standardized legal contracts and encapsulation of data resources within highly scalable web services.
One versus Two Venous Anastomoses in Anterolateral Thigh Flap Reconstruction after Oral Cancer Ablation.

1215e One versus Two Venous Anastomoses in Anterolateral Thigh Flap Reconstruction after Oral Cancer Ablation Sir: W read with interest the article entitled “One versus Two Venous Anastomoses in Anterolateral Thigh Flap Reconstruction after Oral Cancer Ablation” by Lee et al.1 We congratulate the authors for their work. The topic is very interesting and still much debated. Our clinical experience confirms the results of their study. As indicated by the authors, we also, whenever possible, provide two venous anastomoses in head and neck reconstructions using the anterolateral thigh flap, with high success rates. Our experience, however, suggests to us that, often, the most important factor for the success or failure of a microsurgical anterolateral thigh flap is the selection of recipients veins. When the two veins of the anterolateral thigh flap are anastomosed with facial veins or the thyrolinguofacial trunk or directly with the internal jugular vein, it is unlikely that damage to the flap is caused by insufficient venous drainage. If instead the second anastomosis is made on the external jugular vein, the success rate declines. The external jugular vein is often battered during neck dissection and for this reason is more prone to thrombus formation. All cases of anterolateral thigh flaps that have shown signs of venous insufficiency in the postoperative period have been reported in the operating room, and in all cases we have found a thrombosis of the external jugular vein used as a recipient vein for the second venous anastomosis. We hypothesize that thrombosis of the external jugular vein might lead to thrombosis of the other one because of clot propagation through the multiple interconnections, as many studies confirm. We think that in head and neck reconstruction with the anterolateral thigh flap, two venous anastomoses are always indicated. If the recipient vein is the internal jugular vein or one of its main branches, it might be more prudent to carry out a single venous anastomosis on the internal jugular venous system rather than two anastomoses, (one on the internal and one on the external jugular vein), especially when the connections between the two veins of the pedicle are clinically visible.1,2 DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000003315
Loss, humiliation and entrapment as appraisals of schizophrenic illness: a prospective study of depressed and non-depressed patients.

OBJECTIVES Life-events that precede the onset of unipolar depression usually involve an appraisal of loss; recent research has shown that where these events are also appraised as humiliating or involving entrapment and defeat (the absence of a way forward or failure to reaffirm an identity) they are especially potent in triggering depression. Depression in schizophrenia has not been studied from the cognitive or psychosocial perspectives, probably because of its confused nosological status. In a previous study we showed that patients' perceived loss of control and entrapment by psychotic illness (e.g. by recurring relapse) was strongly linked to depression. DESIGN In this study we follow up the original sample of 49 patients 2.5 years later to examine the hypotheses using more powerful prospective methodology. Two of the sample had died of natural causes and the remaining 47 agreed to be reinterviewed. METHOD We used the same measures of patients' appraisal of their illness and symptoms in terms of the extent to which they perceive it as embodying loss, humiliation and entrapment. RESULTS It was found using multivariate analysis that perceived loss of autonomy and social role, particularly employment, were correlated with depression. The appraisal of entrapment in psychotic illness was found to have high cross-sectional and prospective predictive value independent of illness, symptom and treatment variables and was shown to be influenced by certain aspects of psychiatric treatment, particularly compulsory detention. CONCLUSION We propose that episodes of depression in schizophrenia are triggered by psychosis-related events (relapse, compulsory admission, residual voices, loss of job, etc.) that signify the inability to overcome the loss of a cherished personal goal or social role and thereby to affirm an identity. Implications for psychological therapy are discussed.
Rate-limiting events in hyperthermic cell killing.

The inactivation rate of HeLa cells for temperatures ranging from 41 to 55°C and treatment durations varying from 2 to 300 min was analyzed in thermodynamic terms by considering the dependence of cell free energy $(\Delta G^{+})$ on temperature. Within this temperature range the loss of proliferative capacity exhibits a complex temperature dependence which is characterized by entropy and enthalpy values that gradually decrease as temperature increases. This complex process of heat-induced cell killing was postulated to be the result of a series of reactions, each of them being alternatively rate limiting within a certain temperature range. From this kinetic scheme a mathematical model was derived and, in the case of HeLa cells, the use of a least-squares search parameter procedure (as applied to the derived survival regression function) demonstrated that three such sequential reactions were sufficient to explain all experimental data points obtained within the 41 to 55°C range. The proposed model was also.
Simulated resistance training during hindlimb unloading abolishes disuse bone loss and maintains muscle strength

This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of simulated resistance training (SRT) without weight bearing in attenuating bone and muscle loss during 28 day hindlimb unloading (HU) in mature male rats. An ambulatory control group (CC) and four groups of HU rats were used: HU, HU + anesthesia (ANHU), HU + eccentric muscle contractions (HU + ECC), and HU + isometric and eccentric muscle contractions (HU + ISO/ECC). Animals in the two SRT groups were trained once every other day at 100% daily peak isometric torque (P0). HU resulted in significantly lower plantarflexor muscle mass (−33% versus CC) and reduced isometric strength (−10%), which reductions were partially attenuated in both training groups. Significantly reduced total and cancellous volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and total bone mineral content (BMC) at the proximal tibia metaphysis (PTM) also was evidenced in HU and ANHU groups compared with both SRT groups (p < .05). Training resulted in greater increases in cortical bone mass and area compared with all other groups (p < .05). Fourfold higher material properties of PTM cancellous bone were demonstrated in SRT animals versus HU or CC animals. A significant reduction in midshaft periosteal bone formation rate (BFR) in the HU group (−99% versus CC) was completely abolished in HU + ECC (+656% versus CC). These results demonstrate that high‐intensity muscle contractions, independent of weight‐bearing forces, can effectively mitigate losses in muscle strength and provide a potent stimulus to bone during prolonged disuse. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Predicting Academic Success Based on Learning Material Usage

In this work, we explore students' usage of online learning material as a predictor of academic success. In the context of an introductory programming course, we recorded the amount of time that each element such as a text paragraph or an image was visible on the students' screen. Then, we applied machine learning methods to study to what extent material usage predicts course outcomes. Our results show that the time spent with each paragraph of the online learning material is a moderate predictor of student success even when corrected for student time-on-task, and that the information can be used to identify at-risk students. The predictive performance of the models is dependent on the quantity of data, and the predictions become more accurate as the course progresses. In a broader context, our results indicate that course material usage can be used to predict academic success, and that such data can be collected in-situ with minimal interference to the students' learning process.
Mast cells and eicosanoid mediators: a system of reciprocal paracrine and autocrine regulation

Summary: When activated by specific antigen, complement, or other transmembrane stimuli, mast cells (MCs) generate three eicosanoids: prostaglandin (PG)D2, leukotriene (LT)B4, and LTC4, the parent molecule of the cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs). These diverse lipid mediators, which are generated from a single cell membrane‐associated precursor, arachidonic acid, can initiate, amplify, or dampen inflammatory responses and influence the magnitude, duration, and nature of subsequent immune responses. PGD2 and cysLTs, which were originally recognized for their bronchoconstricting and vasoactive properties, also serve diverse and pivotal functions in effector cell trafficking, antigen presentation, leukocyte activation, matrix deposition, and fibrosis. LTB4 is a powerful chemoattractant for neutrophils and certain lymphocyte subsets. Thus, MCs can contribute to each of these processes through eicosanoid generation. Additionally, MCs express G‐protein‐coupled receptors specific for cysLTs, LTB4, and another eicosanoid, PGE2. Each of these receptors can regulate MC functions in vivo by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. This review focuses on the biologic functions for MC‐associated eicosanoids, the regulation of their production, and the mechanisms by which eicosanoids may regulate MC function in host defense and disease.
Correlation between cognitive impairment and dependence in hypoxemic COPD

We studied 149 patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Three clusters were generated (high, mid, and low level of cognitive function) based on 11 neuropsychologic scores; personal independence in basic/instrumental activities of daily living (BADL/IADL) of clusters was compared by discriminant analysis. Pattern of BADL/IADL was cluster-specific in 79.2% of high and 54.9% of low clusters, but only 20.8% of mid cluster. Self-administering drugs, continence, managing money, and dressing items had the greatest discriminatory capacity. Clusters had comparable respiratory function. In older COPD patients, dependence parallels cognitive impairment only to some extent. Indices of COPD severity are poor correlates of dependence.