Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rugosa (anthozoa) from the serpukhovian (lower carboniferous) of the upper silesian coal basin

Two species, Antiphyllum sp. nov. 1 and Zaphrufimia sp. nov. 1, the first corals found in Stur horizon of the upper Malinowickie Beds, Upper Pendleian (E 1 ), are here described. Additional study of the subspecies of Zaprufimia disjuncta show them to be more similar than previously thought. Although they occur mainly in the Enna and Barbara horizons, one specimen of Z. d. serotina comes from the Gabriela horizon. Biozone Zaphrufimia disujncta disjuncta / Z . d . praematura is proposed for the Enna and Barbara horizons. The subzone of Zaphrufimia / Triadufimia of that Biozone, defined by the presence of Triadufimia gen. nov., is restricted to the Enna horizon. As confirmed by the occurrence of Cravenoceratoides edalensis , the new subzone roughly corresponds to the E2b1 ammonite Zone. An Antiphyllum / Ostravaia / Variaxon assemblage Zone is proposed for the coral assemblage of the Gaebler horizon. Cravenoceratoides nitidus present in the Roemer band (Ib) shows it to correlate with the E2b2 ammonite Zone. Comparison with other European regions suggests possible faunal exchange between those areas and the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Serpukhovian time.
Size, Value and Turn-of-the-Year Effect in the Egyptian Stock Market

This paper is an attempt to investigate the relation of financial anomalies, namely size, book-to-market and turn-of-the-year and their relation with risk and average return in the Egyptian stock market from 2003 to 2007. The sample consists of 55 stocks listed on the EGX100 and split into six portfolios sorted on size and book-to-market ratio based on Fama-French (1992) technique. The results show evidence that there is negative relationship between size and average return, and between value and average return for small stocks. Also, both size and book-to-market have negative relation with risk.
Stable isotopic composition of deep-sea gorgonian corals Primnoa spp.: a new archive of surface processes

The deep-sea gorgonian coral Primnoa spp. live in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans at depths of 65 to 3200 m. They have an arborescent growth form with a skeletal axis composed of annual rings made from calcite and gorgonin. Lifespans may exceed several hundreds of years. It has been suggested that isotope profiles from the gorgonin fraction of the skeleton could be used to reconstruct long-term, annual-scale variations in surface productivity. We tested assumptions about the trophic level, intra- and inter-colony isotopic reproducibility, and preservation of isotopic signa- tures in a suite of modern and fossil specimens. Measurements of gorgonin δ 15 N indicate that Prim- noa spp. feed mainly on zooplankton and/or sinking particulate organic matter (POMsink), and not on suspended POM (POMsusp) or dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Gorgonin δ 13 C and δ 15 N in specimens from NE Pacific shelf waters, NW Atlantic slope waters, the Sea of Japan, and a South Pacific (South- ern Ocean sector) seamount were strongly correlated with surface apparent oxygen utilization (AOU; the best available measure of surface productivity), demonstrating coupling between skeletal iso- topic ratios and biophysical processes in surface water. Time-series isotopic profiles from different sections along the same colony, and different colonies inhabiting the same area were identical for δ 13 C, while δ 15 N profiles were less reproducible. Similarity in C:N, δ 13 C and δ 15 N between modern and fossil specimens suggest that isotopic signatures are preserved over millennial timescales. These results support the use of Primnoa spp. as historical recorders of surface water processes such as bio- logical productivity and the isotopic composition of source nutrients.
Frustrated Magnetism in Mott Insulating 
(V1−xCrx)2O3

V2O3 famously features all four combinations of paramagnetic vs antiferromagnetic, and metallic vs insulating states of matter in response to %-level doping, pressure in the GPa range, and temperature below 300 K. Using time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations of magnetic interactions, we have mapped and analyzed the inelastic magnetic neutron scattering cross section over a wide range of energy and momentum transfer in the chromium stabilized antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic insulating phases (AFI & PI). Our results reveal an important magnetic frustration and degeneracy of the PI phase which is relieved by the rhombohedral to monoclinic transition at $T_N=185$ K due to a significant magneto-elastic coupling. This leads to the recognition that magnetic frustration is an inherent property of the paramagnetic phase in $\rm (V_{1-x}Cr_x)_2O_3$ and plays a key role in suppressing the magnetic long range ordering temperature and exposing a large phase space for the paramagnetic Mott metal-insulator transition to occur.
Saving, investment, capital stock and current account projections in long-term scenarios

The paper describes the framework used in long-term economic scenarios for the projection of the saving rate, investment, capital stock and current account. The saving rate is determined according to an estimated equation which suggests that demographics, captured by the old-age dependency rate and life expectancy, is a major driver, with additional effects from the fiscal balance, labour productivity growth, the net oil trade balance, the availability of credit and the level of social protection. The evolution of the business sector capital stock depends on the economy’s cyclical position, product market regulation, employment protection legislation and the user cost of capital, and may be constrained by current account deficits depending on the degree of capital account openness. Business sector investment is derived from the capital stock projection via the usual stock-flow identity. The public sector capital stock-to-output ratio is assumed to be constant in the baseline scenario, but a public investment shock can be simulated in alternative scenarios. The current account balance is obtained as the difference between national investment and saving, and in turn determines the evolution of the net international investment position. A global interest rate premium helps to bring global saving and investment into balance.
Does LMX enhance the job involvement of financial service personnel by the mediating roles

This research seeks to investigate the critical mediating effects between leader-member exchange and the job involvement of financial service personnel. The empirical results showed that leader-member exchange (LMX), job satisfaction and corporate social responsibility had significant direct effects on the organizational commitment of employees, and that the organizational commitment of employees had a direct significant effect on job involvement. In addition, forming a good organization climate is helpful to enhance the job involvement of employees. For example, the establishment of a good reputation and behavior with regard to corporate social responsibility result in employees’ feeling proud of the organization and contributing to the long-term benefit of the firm. In addition, employee organizational commitment is a quite important mediator with regard to job involvement. LMX, job satisfaction and corporate social responsibility also had indirect effects on job involvement through the organizational commitment of employees. The implications of the findings are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.
FLOW OF FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY AMONG LAYERS OF GOVERNMENT: A CASE OF NIGERIA

The issue of fiscal federalism has for quite some time engaged the attention of scholars and policy makers in contemporary Nigeria. Several arguments have been put forward on the economic and political desirability for the practice of fiscal federalism in a country. While the political arguments are largely based on the heterogeneous characteristics of the different regions making up the country, the economic justification is usually based on the need to promote efficiency in the use of national resources. This paper examines the effect of fiscal decentralization on macroeconomic performance in Nigeria. The study employs three measures of fiscal decentralization namely revenue measure, expenditure measure and simultaneity measure to determine the extent, and the impact of fiscal decentralization on macroeconomic performance over the period 1980 to 2010. The overall objective of this study is to analyze the empirical effects of fiscal decentralization on some selected indicators of macroeconomic performance in Nigeria. The indicators include: economic growth, inflation rate, interest rate, and exchange in Nigeria. The Vector Autoregressive (VAR) estimator with lagged decentralization variables was employed using the E-views, version 7.0 to provide analytical support. The empirical findings are quite informative and offer evidence that the central objective of this study has been empirically investigated. There is, indeed, a connection between fiscal federalism and macroeconomic performance in Nigeria over the study period. The study suggests that faster economic growth may constitute additional benefit of fiscal decentralization beyond those already well recognized. This finding conforms to a strand of the literature that establishes links between fiscal decentralization, public sector efficiency and macroeconomic stability.
Perceptions of Second Person Singular Pronoun Use in San Salvador, El Salvador

Abstract El Salvador Spanish evidences a tripartite system of pronoun address, with one formal pronoun, usted, and two informal pronouns, tú and vos. The present study addresses attitudes toward pronoun use in San Salvador through the use of a linguistic questionnaire. The choice of pronoun is not dependent solely on the interlocutor whom the speaker is addressing, but also social factors, such as a speaker’s age, gender, and education. Statistical analysis demonstrates that tú is reserved for a few specific situations, and may represent an intermediate level of formality between usted and vos. Tú is reported more frequently by older and moderately educated speakers. Vos, however, is being advanced by younger, welleducated speakers in both frequency and into pragmatic areas that previously belonged to usted. In this way voseo in San Salvador may reflect increased informality and a higher use of regional forms reported in many Spanish varieties.
Engaging the Digitally Engaged Student: Comparing Technology Mediated Communication Use and Effects on Student Learning

The role of communication technologies in the learning process is both a dynamic and complex issue. Yet, we know surprisingly little about how the use of specific communication technologies may influence classroom performance, key learning outcomes, and other measures of course satisfaction. The research reported here attempts to add to our knowledge about the role of communication in the technologyenhanced classroom (TEC) education and in technology-enhanced online (TEO) education through a direct comparison of two courses. Our findings indicate additional support for “The No Significant Difference Phenomenon. ” Furthermore, we found that prior experiences lead students to gravitate towards their preferred learning environments, and that basic website elements are required in any learning environment to enhance student outcomes. Finally, we found that when used appropriately, the benefits of communication technology use in education outweigh many of the drawbacks. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61350-347-8.ch009
Biogeochemical implications for phosphorus cycling in sandy and muddy rhizosphere sediments of Zostera marina meadows (Denmark)

To date, few studies have investigated the implications of sediment biogeochemical con- ditions on differences in sediment phosphorus (P) pools and P availability in sandy (low-P) and muddy (high-P) siliclastic seagrass sediments. To determine the role of seagrass activity on seasonal changes in sedimentary P, we investigated the solid-phase P pools in seagrass Zostera marina sedi- ments in a Danish fjord. During the Z. marina growth season sediments were fractionated by sequen- tial extractions into 3 (and once into 5) chemically defined groups: loosely adsorbed inorganic P, inor- ganic P bound to oxidized metals (primarily Fe-bound), P adsorbed to clay minerals, Al and humic acids, Ca-bound P, and refractory organic P. Fe-bound P accounted for about 30% of total P in the muddy sediments, whereas this pool was small in the sandy sediment ( 80%). The Fe-bound P at the muddy site showed seasonal variations with lower pools during late summer, and it was always lower in the vegetated sediment, except dur- ing maximum biomass in July, where Fe-bound P was higher in the deep rhizosphere sediments. The seasonal variation was less at the sandy site, and there was little difference between unvegetated and vegetated sites, suggesting that the vegetation had a limited effect on the sedimentary P pools. How- ever, the presence of vegetation increased the availability of P in the water column at both types of site, as P was released across the sediment-water interface at the vegetated sites compared with an uptake during most of the sampling period at the unvegetated sites, although the fluxes were low and could only account for a minor fraction (<10%) of the seasonal changes in the sedimentary P pools. Estimates of P incorporation in seagrass biomass showed that the seasonal variation in sedimentary P pools were more than sufficient to support the P demand. We hypothesize that the higher P contents in seagrass tissues and the larger biomass at the muddy site are due to high P availability from the redox-sensitive Fe-bound and organic P pools at this site, whereas P may be a limiting factor for growth at the sandy site, where the mobility of P is lower due to binding in the Ca fraction.
Picture-object recognition in a comparative approach: performance of humans (Homo sapiens) and pigeons (Columba livia) in a rotational invariance and a complementary information task

Pigeons and humans are two highly visual species that have evolved separately for about 310 million years (Kumar and Hedges, 1998) and developed largely convergent visual systems due to similar visual needs. To investigatepigeon vision and cognitive abilities twodimensional pictorial stimuli are often used. However, it is not entirely clear, how pigeons perceive such stimuli and whether or not they can associate photographs with real objects. In the present study nine pigeons and eleven humans were trained to discriminate between photographs of two biologically irrelevant objects (“Greebles”). The pigeons were housed in an aviary containing the real Greebles and were trained in wooden chambers where they had to peck on a Plexiglas disk when positive stimuli were presented, thus obtaining food. Humans were trained with the same stimuli presented on a computer screen and had to click with a computer mouse on positive stimuli. Results showed that humans were much faster at learning to discriminate the two Greebles. In the first test, pigeons and humans had to discriminate new rotational views of the Greebles. Humans performed equally well on interpolated test views (i.e. views that lay between the training views) and extrapolated views (i.e. views outside of training range), while pigeons performed better on interpolated than on extrapolated test views. Therefore, it can be concluded that object recognition was viewpointindependent for humans and viewpoint-dependent for pigeons. In the second test, following a procedure by Aust and Huber (2006), pigeons were presented with parts of the Greebles that were not included in training and the first test to see whether they formed associations between the 2D images and the 3D objects in their aviary. They did not discriminate these parts correctly. The test was repeated with three of the test views already used in the second test but presented in different sizes. Discrimination seemed to depend on the visibility of the appendages and might have been based on visual features of the pictures themselves without 71 recognition of what they portrayed. The results of this study were compared to a previous study in which pigeons were trained to discriminate either real Greebles, holograms, or computer images of them. There, too, the real Greebles were installed in the pigeons’ aviary; however, the pigeons trained and tested on computerimages lived in the adjacent aviary and thus only had limited visual contact to them. We wanted to find out whether the more extensive visual contact to the Greebles had any influence on the pigeons’ performance. However, there was no difference in performance between the two groups. This is evidence that the result of the previous study — better performance with real objects and holograms than with computer images — was not based on the fact that pigeons trained with the latter stimulus type had only limited visual access to thereal 3D objects.
Factors influencing purchase intention towards consumer-to-consumer e-commerce

Purpose: This study explores factors that influence consumer’s purchase intention at three consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce companies in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach: 5 Expert opinions are used to determine the indicators of each factor and the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method is used to analyze the empirical data of 400 respondents for each company. Findings: It is found different significant factors that influence customer’s purchase intention in each company. Trust and risk are found to be significantly effect purchase intention in Company A. Meanwhile, the other two companies, perceived usefulness proved to be significant in Company B and benefit significantly effect consumer purchase intention in Company C. Originality/value: This study represents purchase intention in the consumer-to-consumer e-commerce by investigating three case study using technology acceptance model as a guiding theory.
Response of the benthic nepheloid layer to near‐inertial internal waves in southern Lake Michigan

[1] Time series measurements of water transparency, water temperature, and current velocity were made at a station located in 58 m of water in southern Lake Michigan during the summer of 1995. Currents generated by near-inertial internal waves are correlated with variations in the thickness and in the vertical distribution of suspended sediment in the benthic nepheloid layer. Although a direct causal link between internal wave action and changes in the nepheloid layer could not be established, the data suggest that local resuspension by shoaling internal waves maintains the layer during the stratified period. The origin and maintenance of the benthic nepheloid layer is most likely the result of local resuspension due to a combination of internal wave action and longer-term processes.
The Effect of Auditor Ethics, Auditor Experience, Audit Fees and Auditor Motivation on Audit Quality

This study aimed to determine the effect of auditor ethics, auditor experience, audit fees, and auditor motivation on audit quality of public accounting firm in Semarang. The populations in this study were auditors who work on public accounting firm in Semarang. The total population of public accounting firm in Semarang according to Indonesian Institute of Certified Public Accountants in 2016 was 98 respondents from 14 public accounting firms. Questionnaires were distributed to auditors in all those public accounting firm. This study used purposive sampling judgement with criteria of sample were they have worked and experienced in public accounting firm for one year. A total sample of this study is 30 respondents. Using multiple linier regression analysis the results show that auditor ethics had a significant positive effect on audit quality; auditor experience had a significant positive effect on audit quality; audit fees had a significant positive effect on audit quality; and auditor motivation had a significant positive effect on audit quality. Ethics, experience, fees and motivation of auditor had a significant positive effect on audit quality.
Solar wind electron interaction with the dayside lunar surface and crustal magnetic fields: Evidence for precursor effects

Electron distributions measured by Lunar Prospector above the dayside lunar surface in the solar wind often have an energy dependent loss cone, inconsistent with adiabatic magnetic reflection. Energy dependent reflection suggests the presence of downward parallel electric fields below the spacecraft, possibly indicating the presence of a standing electrostatic structure. Many electron distributions contain apparent low energy (<100 eV) upward-going conics (58% of the time) and beams (12% of the time), primarily in regions with non-zero crustal magnetic fields, implying the presence of parallel electric fields and/or wave-particle interactions below the spacecraft. Some, but not all, of the observed energy dependence comes from the energy gained during reflection from a moving obstacle; correctly characterizing electron reflection requires the use of the proper reference frame. Non-adiabatic reflection may also play a role, but cannot fully explain observations. In cases with upward-going beams, we observe partial isotropization of incoming solar wind electrons, possibly indicating streaming and/or whistler instabilities. The Moon may therefore influence solar wind plasma well upstream from its surface. Magnetic anomaly interactions and/or non-monotonic near surface potentials provide the most likely candidates to produce the observed precursor effects, which may help ensure quasi-neutrality upstream from the Moon.
Bank systemic risk and the business cycle: Canadian and U.S. evidence

This paper investigates how banks, as a group, react to macroeconomic risk and uncertainty, and more specifically the way banks systemic risk evolves over the business cycle. Adopting the methodology of Beaudry et al. (2001), our results clearly suggest that the dispersion across banks traditional portfolios has increased through time. We introduce an estimation procedure based on EGARCH and refine Baum et al. (2002, 2004, 2009) and Quagliariello (2007, 2009) framework to analyze the question in the new industry context, i.e. shadow banking. Consistent with finance theory, we first confirm that banks tend to behave homogeneously vis-a-vis macroeconomic uncertainty. In particular, we find that the cross-sectional dispersions of loans to assets and non-traditional activities shrink essentially during downturns, when the resilience of the banking system is at its lowest. More importantly, our results also suggest that the cross-sectional dispersion of market-oriented activities is both more volatile and sensitive to the business cycle than the dispersion of the traditional activities.