Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Rest Interval Length Manipulation of the First Upper-Body Resistance Exercise in Sequence on Acute Performance of Subsequent Exercises in Men and Women

Abstract Ratamess, NA, Chiarello, CM, Sacco, AJ, Hoffman, JR, Faigenbaum, AD, Ross, RE, and Kang, J. The effects of rest interval length manipulation of the first upper-body resistance exercise in sequence on acute performance of subsequent exercises in men and women. J Strength Cond Res 26(11): 2929–2938, 2012—The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of manipulating rest interval (RI) length of the first upper-body exercise in sequence on subsequent resistance exercise performance. Twenty-two men and women with at least 1 year of resistance training experience performed resistance exercise protocols on 3 occasions in random order. Each protocol consisted of performing 4 barbell upper-body exercises in the same sequence (bench press, incline bench press, shoulder press, and bent-over row) for 3 sets of up to 10 repetitions with 75% of 1 repetition maximum. Bench press RIs were 1, 2, or 3 minutes, whereas other exercises were performed with a standard 2-minute rest interval. The number of repetitions completed, average power, and velocity for each set of each exercise were recorded. Gender differences were observed during the bench press and incline press as women performed significantly (p ⩽ 0.05) more repetitions than men during all RIs. The magnitude of decline in velocity and power over 3 sets of the bench press and incline press was significantly higher in men than women. Manipulation of RI length during the bench press did not affect performance of the remaining exercises in men. However, significantly more repetitions were performed by women during the first set of the incline press using 3-minute rest interval than 1-minute rest interval. In men and women, performance of the incline press and shoulder press was compromised compared with baseline performances. Manipulation of RI length of the first exercise affected performance of only the first set of 1 subsequent exercise in women. All RIs led to comparable levels of fatigue in men, indicating that reductions in load are necessary for subsequent exercises performed in sequence that stress similar agonist muscle groups when 10 repetitions are desired.
Training Practices and Ergogenic Aids Used by Male Bodybuilders

Abstract Hackett, DA, Johnson, NA, and Chow, C-M. Training practices and ergogenic aids used by male bodybuilders. J Strength Cond Res 27(6): 1609–1617, 2013—Bodybuilding involves performing a series of poses on stage where the competitor is judged on aesthetic muscular appearance. The purpose of this study was to describe training practices and ergogenic aids used by competitive bodybuilders and to determine whether training practices comply with current recommendations for muscular hypertrophy. A web-based survey was completed by 127 competitive male bodybuilders. The results showed that during the off-season phase of training (OFF), the majority of respondents performed 3–6 sets per exercise (95.3%), 7–12 repetition maximum (RM) per set (77.0%), and 61- to 120-seconds recovery between sets and exercises (68.6%). However, training practices changed 6 weeks before competition (PRE), where there was an increased number of respondents who reported undertaking 3–4 sets per exercise at the expense of 5–6 sets per exercise (p < 0.001), an increase in the number reporting 10–15RM per set from 7–9RM per set (p < 0.001), and an increase in the number reporting 30–60 seconds vs. 61–180 seconds recovery between sets and exercises (p < 0.001). Anabolic steroid use was high among respondents competing in amateur competitions (56 of 73 respondents), whereas dietary supplementation was used by all respondents. The findings of this study demonstrate that competitive bodybuilders comply with current resistance exercise recommendations for muscular hypertrophy; however, these changed before competition during which there is a reduction resistance training volume and intensity. This alteration, in addition to an increase in aerobic exercise volume, is purportedly used to increase muscle definition. However, these practices may increase the risk of muscle mass loss in natural compared with amateur bodybuilders who reportedly use drugs known to preserve muscle mass.
Traditional Medicine and Health Care Coverage. A Reader for Health Administrators and Practitioners

To provide a better understanding of traditional indigenous and unorthodox health care systems this book examines the most common patterns of these systems and some of their local or regional variations. It suggests how health practitioners and administrators might best apply this information as they endeavor to improve health care coverage particularly in the developing countries. It should improve understanding of why people accept or reject certain health care practices or why they use or do not use those health resources that are available. Health workers and administrators responsible for extending the coverage of health services should be assisted in developing a fruitful relationship with practitioners of traditional medicine who are already living and working among and enjoying the confidence of the local population. Articles on the systems and practices of traditional medicine herbal medicines and herbal pharmacopoeias and the organizational and legal aspects of traditional medicine are included. Profiles of traditional practices in each WHO region are also provided.
Relationship Between the Talk Test and Ventilatory Thresholds in Well-Trained Cyclists

Abstract Rodríguez-Marroyo, JA, Villa, JG, García-López, J, and Foster, C. Relationship between the Talk Test and ventilatory thresholds in well-trained cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 27(7): 1942–1949, 2013—The aim of this study was to extend the range of populations where the Talk Test (TT) might be used as a marker of physiologic thresholds. Eighteen highly trained cyclists underwent 2 incremental tests. One test included measurement of respiratory gas exchange to determine the ventilatory (VT) and respiratory compensation thresholds (RCTs). On a separate day, a TT was performed using the same exercise protocol. During TT, subjects read a standard paragraph at the end of each stage. The first stage at which the cyclists could not talk comfortably and could definitely not talk were referred to as the equivocal (EQ) and the negative stages (NEG), respectively. There were no significant differences in workload, heart rate, lactate, and rating of perceived exertion between VT (3.7 ± 0.4 W·kg−1, 150 ± 10 b·min−1, 1.6 ± 0.3 mm·L−1, and 4.1 ± 1.4, respectively) vs. EQ (3.6 ± 0.4 W·kg−1, 148 ± 12 b·min−1, 1.3 ± 0.5 mm·L−1, and 3.8 ± 1.2, respectively) and RCT (5.3 ± 0.4 W·kg−1, 177 ± 7 b·min−1, 4.0 ± 0.9 mm·L−1, and 7.2 ± 1.0, respectively) vs. NEG (5.3 ± 0.5 W·kg−1, 176 ± 10 b·min−1, 4.2 ± 1.3 mm·L−1, and 6.8 ± 1.5, respectively). We found significant relationships (p < 0.01) between VT and EQ and RCT and NEG for workload (r = 0.86 and 0.94, respectively), heart rate (r = 0.79 and 0.92, respectively), and rating of perceived exertion (r = 0.79 and 0.88, respectively). In conclusion, the present study showed that the EQ and NEG stages of TT can be used as a simple and practical surrogate of the VT and RCT in highly trained cyclists.
Whole-Body Vibration Applied During Upper Body Exercise Improves Performance

Abstract Marín, PJ, Herrero, AJ, Milton, JG, Hazell, TJ, and García-López, D. Whole-body vibration applied during upper body exercise improves performance. J Strength Cond Res 27(7): 1807–1812, 2013—Whole-body vibration (WBV) training has exercisers perform static and dynamic resistance training exercises on a ground-based platform. Exposure to WBV exposure has demonstrated benefits and no effect on lower body strength, power, and performance. The aim of this study was to determine if WBV exposure (50 Hz, 2.51 mm) has any potentiating effects postexercise by measuring the kinematic variables of a set of upper body elbow-extensor exercise (70% one-repetition maximum [1RM]) to volitional exhaustion. Sixteen recreationally active students (12 male and 4 female) performed 3 different experimental conditions on separate days. Each condition had the subjects perform 1 set of elbow-extension exercise to fatigue with 1 of 3 WBV treatments: WBV simultaneously during the set (AE); 60 seconds after application of WBV for 30 seconds (RE); and no WBV (CTRL). Kinematic parameters of each repetition were monitored by linking a rotary encoder to the highest load plate. The mean velocity and acceleration throughout the set and perceived exertion were analyzed. A significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed in the mean velocity for the whole set in the AE condition vs. the CTRL condition. The mean acceleration was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the AE condition in comparison with RE (increased by 45.3%) and CTRL (increased by 50.4%) conditions. The positive effect induced by WBV on upper-limb performance is only achieved when the stimulus is applied during the exercise. However, WBV applied 60 seconds before upper body exercise results in no benefit.
Phytochemical, Physicochemical and Chromatographic Profiling in Quality Control Systems for Select Herbal Medicines (Conavir and Niprd-AM1).

Background: Conavir, an immunostimulant from aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata (AP) and Niprd-AM1, an antimalarial from roots of Nauclea latifolia (NL), are dry water extracts for capsulation. AP and NL have been in use in Asia and Africa for centuries. Purpose: The study aimed to ascertain the criteria for quality assured production of Conavir and Niprd-AM1. Experimental Details: Procedures of World Health Organization (WHO) were applied to Research Article British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 3(1): 13-36, 2013 14 evaluate quality parameters of AP/ Conavir and NL/ Niprd-AM1. Results and Discussion: Conavir is granular, greenish brown, intensely bitter and practically odourless. Tests on AP and Conavir revealed alkaloids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids, but cardiac and cyanogenic glycosides (considered toxic) were not detected. Normal phase TLC of AP and Conavir yielded 5 principal spots each, while the reverse phase TLC yielded 6. HPLC fingerprints of AP, Conavir and a reference standard were reproducible but differed from each other. The GC-MS data of Conavir were consistent with the phytochemical profile of AP. Effect of storage suggested that both AP and Conavir were stable for up to 21 months or more. Niprd-AM1 is granular, yellowish brown and faintly aromatic, with an exciting bitter taste. Both NL and Niprd-AM1 contained alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and terpenoids, but cardiac and cyanogenic glycosides were not detected. Normal phase TLC of NL yielded 9 principal spots, while Niprd-AM1 yielded 5, but the reverse phase TLC yielded 9 for each. HPLC fingerprints of NL, NiprdAM1 and a reference standard were reproducible but differed from each other. The GCMS data of Niprd-AM1 were consistent with the phytochemical profile of NL. Most of the quality variables of NL and Niprd-AM1 remained unchanged up to the 39th month of storage. Conclusion: The results are consistent with NIPRD’s intention to file for the registration of Conavir and Niprd-AM1 for use in Nigeria.
Approach to the patient with postprandial hypoglycemia.

OBJECTIVES Postprandial hypoglycemia in a nondiabetic patient is a frequent chief complaint across all medical specialties and represents a significant diagnostic challenge. METHODS We conducted an electronic and print literature search using PubMed for articles published in the last 40 years using the key words "postprandial hypoglycemia," "reactive hypoglycemia," and "hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. " All available sources were reviewed, and publications were included based on clinical relevance. RESULTS Over the last century, the classification, etiologies, diagnosis, and management of hypoglycemia have evolved considerably. In the contemporary literature, the evaluation of hypoglycemia is divided into well-appearing and ill-appearing patients. Symptoms of hypoglycemia in the well-appearing patient may result from insulinoma, noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome (NIPHS), postbariatric surgery hypoglycemia, dumping syndrome, insulin autoimmunity, or postprandial syndrome. For each of these, the literature is lacking in randomized clinical trials investigating optimal diagnostic and treatment modalities, and this is due to the relatively recent description of some diseases and the rarity of cases. CONCLUSION This review provides an overview of postprandial hypoglycemia and summarizes the proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms of postprandial hypoglycemia, with special attention paid to some of the more recently described syndromes, such as NIPHS and postbariatric surgery hypoglycemia. Diagnostic and management strategies are also discussed.
Relationship Between Jumping Ability and Running Performance in Events of Varying Distance

Abstract Hudgins, B, Scharfenberg, J, Triplett, NT, and McBride, JM. Relationship between jumping ability and running performance in events of varying distance. J Strength Cond Res 27(3): 563–567, 2013—Running performance consists of a combination of aerobic and anaerobic capabilities, varying based on the distance of the event. It may be also dependent on factors relating to lower body power. Lower body power is commonly assessed by various modes of jumping tests. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if jumping performance would have some relationship to running performance in different distance events. This study involved 33 competitive track and field runners who participated in events ranging from 60 to 5,000 m (10 sprinters: height = 1.72 ± 10.26 m, mass = 67.80 ± 10.83 kg; 11 middle-distance runners: height = 1.77 ± 0.08 m, mass = 64.40 ± 8.02 kg; 12 long-distance runners: height = 1.73 ± 0.11 m, mass = 60.42 ± 10.36 kg). All subjects were competitive NCAA Division I athletes. Subjects were tested on a single occasion in a 3-jump test (TSJP), which was the distance covered during 3 two-leg standing long jumps performed in immediate succession. Time in the 60, 100, 200, 800, 3,000, and 5,000 m was obtained from recent race performances. The mean TSJP for sprinters, middle-distance runners, and long-distance runners were 8.24 ± 1.32, 6.59 ± 1.23, and 5.61 ± 0.88 m, respectively. The mean 60, 100, 200, 800, 3,000, and 5,000 m performances were 7.28 ± 0.78, 11.25 ± 0.87, 23.47 ± 2.25, 127.17 ± 15.13, 562.09 ± 60.54, and 987.65 ± 117.19 seconds, respectively. Significant correlations (p ⩽ 0.05) were observed between TSJP and running performance for all distances (60 m: 0.97 seconds, 100 m: 1.00 seconds, 200 m: 0.97 seconds, 800 m: 0.83 seconds, 3,000 m: 0.72 seconds, and 5,000 m: 0.71 seconds). The strength of the correlations, in general, was strongest to weakest based on event distance from the shortest distance (60 m) to the longest distance (5,000 m). Thus, the contribution of muscle power, as possibly determined by TSJP, maybe most important in shorter distance races (60, 100, and 200 m). However, because of the significant correlations between TSJP and middle- and long-distance running performance as well, the contribution of muscle power to these events (800, 3,000, and 5,000 m) should be considered as a component for training for both sprinters and middle- and long-distance runners.
Circulating Adiponectin Concentration and Body Composition Are Altered in Response to High-Intensity Interval Training

Abstract Shing, CM, Webb, JJ, Driller, MW, Williams, AD, and Fell, JW. Circulating adiponectin concentration and body composition are altered in response to high-intensity interval training. J Strength Cond Res 27(8): 2213–2218, 2013—Adiponectin influences metabolic adaptations that would prove beneficial to endurance athletes, and yet to date there is little known about the response of adiponectin concentrations to exercise, and, in particular, the response of this hormone to training in an athlete population. This study aimed to determine the response of plasma adiponectin concentrations to acute exercise after 2 different training programs and to determine the influence of the training on body composition. Seven state-level representative rowers (age: 19 ± 1.2 years [mean ± SD], height: 1.77 ± 0.10 m, body mass: 74.0 ± 10.7 kg, V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak 62.1 ± 7.0 ml·kg−1·min−1) participated in the double-blind, randomized crossover investigation. Rowers performed an incremental graded exercise test before and after completing 4 weeks of high-intensity interval ergometer training and 4 weeks of traditional ergometer rowing training. Rowers' body composition was assessed at baseline and after each training program. Significant increases in plasma adiponectin concentration occurred in response to maximal exercise after completion of the high-intensity interval training (p = 0.016) but not after traditional ergometer rowing training (p = 0.69). The high-intensity interval training also resulted in significant increases in mean 4-minute power output (p = 0.002) and V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak (p = 0.05), and a decrease in body fat percentage (p = 0.022). Mean 4-minute power output, V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak, and body fat percentage were not significantly different after 4 weeks of traditional ergometer rowing training (p > 0.05). Four weeks of high-intensity interval training is associated with an increase in adiponectin concentration in response to maximal exercise and a reduction in body fat percentage. The potential for changes in adiponectin concentration to reflect positive training adaptations and athlete performance level should be further explored.
The effect of acute exercises on blood hematological parameters in handball players

This study was conducted in order to determine the influence of five-day handball competitions on hematological levels of male handball players. 12 elite male handball players with an average age of 22.16±1.85 years participated in this study on voluntary basis. Physical measurements including body height, body weight, body-mass index and body fat percentages and hematological levels of the handball players were analyzed before (BC) and after the competitions (AC). In order to determine hematological levels, blood samples with 5 ml EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) were taken from the forearm ante-cubital area in line with hygiene rules before and after competitions, and erythrocyte, leucocytes and blood platelet parameters were analyzed in laboratory with using auto-analyzers. Measurement results were presented as average and standard deviation. Student T-test for dependant samples was used in order to make a comparison between BC and AC values. SPSS 13.0 Package software was used for data evaluation.P<0.05 value was considered to be significant. As a result of the study, the decrease in BC and AC values for body weight, body-mass index, body fat percentages, MCV, MCH, CH and LY and the increase in RBC and NE values were found significant. Conclusively, erythrocyte, leucocytes and blood platelet levels display different behaviors vis-a-vis acute competition-like exercises. Key words: Handball players, competition, erythrocytes, leucocytes, blood platelet parameters
Physiological Responses to an Acute Bout of Sprint Interval Cycling

Abstract Freese, EC, Gist, NH, and Cureton, KJ. Physiological responses to an acute bout of sprint interval cycling. J Strength Cond Res 27(10): 2768–2773, 2013—Sprint interval training has been shown to improve skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, and health outcomes. However, the acute physiological responses to 4–7 maximal effort intervals have not been determined. To determine the V[Combining Dot Above]O2, cardiorespiratory responses, and energy expenditure during an acute bout of sprint interval cycling (SIC), health, college-aged subjects, 6 men and 6 women, completed 2 SIC sessions with at least 7 days between trials. Sprint interval cycling was performed on a cycle ergometer and involved a 5-minute warm-up followed by four 30-second all-out sprints with 4-minute active recovery. Peak oxygen uptake (ml·kg−1·min−1) during the 4 sprints were 35.3 ± 8.2, 38.8 ± 10.1, 38.8 ± 10.6, and 36.8 ± 9.3, and peak heart rate (b·min−1) were 164 ± 17, 172 ± 10, 177 ± 12, and 175 ± 22. We conclude that an acute bout of SIC elicits submaximal V[Combining Dot Above]O2 and cardiorespiratory responses during each interval that are above 80% of estimated maximal values. Although the duration of exercise in SIC is very short, the high level of V[Combining Dot Above]O2 and cardiorespiratory responses are sufficient to potentially elicit adaptations to training associated with elevated aerobic energy demand.
Ehealth for people with dementia in home-based and residential care

In 2010 an estimated 35.6 million people worldwide were living with dementia, with projections suggesting that this figure will rise to 115.4 million by 2050. A decreasing number of people will be working in the field of healthcare. A change in the field of dementia care is necessary to provide high quality of care for this target group. eHealth could be supportive in this change. This dissertation gives insight and advice into the development and implementation of eHealth in dementia care. The first chapter is a literature research for studies which relate to the field of implementation and evaluation from the use of eHealth in dementia care. After this four case studies are described where the use of eHealth for people with dementia have been evaluated. The used eHealth technologies can be divided into social contact technology and monitoring technology. The monitoring technology used in a situation at the patient’s own home was a preventive sensor technology system. The other monitoring technology in residential care was a watch which measured the sleep/wake pattern. The social contact technology at the patient’s own home was a supportive touchscreen and in residential care a interactive game was used to stimulate social contact between the people with dementia. The first results of the use of eHealth for people with dementia in home-based and residential care are positive; support in the well being of people with dementia and their family caregivers and improvements in the care giving tasks of professional caregivers. Next to these results cost savings could be realized by letting people stay home for a longer period of time.