Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of vestibular input on spatial and nonspatial memory and on hippocampal NMDA receptors

It has recently been shown that a lack of vestibular sensory information decreases spatial memory performance and induces biochemical changes in the hippocampus in rodents. After vestibular neurectomy, patients display spatial memory deficit and hippocampal atrophy. Our objectives were to explore: (a) spatial (Y maze, radial‐arm maze), and non‐spatial (object recognition) memory performance, (b) modulation of NMDA receptors within the hippocampus using radioligand binding, and (c) hippocampal atrophy, using MRI, in a rat model of bilateral labyrinthectomy realized in two operations. Chemical vestibular lesions (VLs) were induced in 24 animals by transtympanic injections of sodium arsanilate (30 mg/0.1 ml/ear), one side being lesioned 3 weeks after the other. The control group received transtympanic saline solution (0.1 ml/ear) (n = 24). Spatial memory performance (Y maze and radial maze) decreased after VL. Conversely, non‐spatial memory performance (object recognition) was not affected by VL. No hippocampal atrophy was observed with MRI, but density of NMDA receptors were increased in the hippocampus after VL. These findings show that the lack of vestibular information induced specific deficits in spatial memory. Additionally, quantitative autoradiographic data suggest the involvement of the glutamatergic system in spatial memory processes related to vestibular information. When studying spatial memory performances in the presence of vestibular syndrome, two‐step labyrinthectomy is a suitable procedure for distinguishing between the roles of the specific components of vestibular input loss and those of impaired locomotor activity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychogenic and Organic Amnesia. A Multidimensional Assessment of Clinical, Neuroradiological, Neuropsychological and Psychopathological Features

Psychogenic amnesia is a complex disorder characterised by a wide variety of symptoms. Consequently, in a number of cases it is difficult distinguish it from organic memory impairment. The present study reports a new case of global psychogenic amnesia compared with two patients with amnesia underlain by organic brain damage. Our aim was to identify features useful for distinguishing between psychogenic and organic forms of memory impairment. The findings show the usefulness of a multidimensional evaluation of clinical, neuroradiological, neuropsychological and psychopathological aspects, to provide convergent findings useful for differentiating the two forms of memory disorder.
Room temperature synthesis and binding studies of solution‐processable histamine‐imprinted microspheres

Accurate quantification of histamine levels in food and in biological samples is important for monitoring the quality of food products and for the detection of pathophysiological conditions. In this study, solution processable histamine‐imprinted microspheres were synthesized at 30°C via dilute free radical phototochemical polymerization technique using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the crosslinker and methacrylic acid (MAA) as the monomer. The processability of the resulting polymer is dictated by the monomer feed concentration (eg, 4 wt% 80:20 EGDMA:MAA formulation) and solvent (acetonitrile). Whereas, the particle size is influenced by the monomer feed concentration, the presence of template molecule, and independent of the crosslinker content. Evaluation of the binding performance of the photochemically imprinted polymers (PCP) with different crosslinker content (80 and 90 wt%) indicated that the selective binding capacity was notably higher in PCP‐80 (N= 16.0 μmol/g) compared to PCP‐90 (N= 10.1 μmol/g) when analyzed via frontal analysis capillary electrophoresis (FACE) using Freundlich isotherm. In addition, PCP‐80 microspheres are more selective toward histamine than conventional thermal polymers (CTP‐80) prepared at 60°C in the presence of structural analogs such as histidine, imidazole, and tryptamine under cross‐rebinding and competitive conditions. These results demonstrated that histamine‐selective imprinted polymers can be obtained readily using room temperature photochemical polymerization where these materials can be subsequently used as recognition element for optical‐based histamine sensing.
Chemopreventive activity of Withania somnifera in experimentally induced fibrosarcoma tumours in Swiss albino mice.

The current experimental work deals with the chemopreventive studies of a hydroalcoholic extract of Withania somnifera roots, against 20-methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma tumours in Swiss albino mice. A single subcutaneous injection of 200 microg 20-methylcholanthrene in 0.1 mL of dimethylsulphoxide into the thigh region of mice produced a high incidence (96%) of tumours. Oral treatment of animals with 400 mg/kg body weight of Withania somnifera extract (one week before injecting 20-methylcholanthrene and continued until 15 weeks thereafter) significantly reduced the tumour incidence, tumour volume and enhanced the survival of the mice, compared with 20-methylcholanthrene injected mice. The tumour incidence was also delayed in the treatment group when compared with 20-methylcholanthrene injected mice. Liver biochemical parameters revealed a significant modulation of reduced glutathione, lipid peroxides, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase in extract treated mice compared with 20-methylcholanthrene injected mice. The mechanism of chemopreventive activity of Withania somnifera extract may be due to its antioxidant and detoxifying properties.
STATE OF AGRO-FOOD FOREIGN TRADE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Trade of agricultural products plays an important role in food security, development of production and processing of products, strengthening the economy and GDP growth. The aim of this paper is to establish the trend of trade of food, live animals, drinks and tobacco in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Foreign trade of food products in B&H has been investigated for the past six years (2012- 2017). In B&H, annual import of agricultural and food products exceeds BAM 2.5 million and the export is approximately BAM 600 million. Food production is a strategic interest of every country. The coverage of import by export was the highest in 2017 (29.9%) and 2016 (29.4%), while the lowest was in 2014 (18.4%). During the investigated period, there was a deficit of trade in B&H. Both export and import in agro-food sector have been increasing recently, while the volume of export has a higher growth than import.
Is there a gender difference in anatomic features of incisive canal and maxillary environmental bone?

OBJECTIVES The effect of gender on anatomic structures and various body systems were illustrated in the literature. The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of gender and tooth loss on incisive canal characteristics and buccal bone dimensions in the anterior maxilla. MATERIALS AND METHODS Computed tomographies (CTs) of 417 male and 516 female patients in four dental clinics were included in this study. The diameter and the length of the incisive canal; width and the length of the bone anterior to the canal; palatal bone length, root length, and root width of the central incisor teeth were measured and recorded from CT sections. RESULTS Mean incisive canal length was 11.96 ± 2.73 mm and 10.39 ± 2.47 mm in men and women, respectively, (P < 0.05). In men, mean canal diameter was 2.79 ± 0.94 mm whereas in women it was 2.43 ± 0.85 mm and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Men had significant higher buccal bone dimensions (length and width of the bone anterior to the canal) than women. Absence of teeth in the anterior maxilla decreased incisive canal length and buccal bone dimensions; however, canal diameter remain unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Present results suggested a gender related differences in anatomic features of incisive canal and surrounding buccal bone. In addition, crestal canal diameter, buccal bone length, and thickness parameters might be different in distinct countries.
Competing Risks Analysis of Predictors of Delisting Owing to Tumor Progression in Liver Transplant Candidates with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is potentially curative for patients with early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, tumor progression before OLT remains a problem. Ninety‐three patients were listed for transplantation with HCC or diagnosed with HCC following listing between March, 1997 and September, 2001. Modified TNM Stage was I/II in 82 patients and III in 11 patients. Seventy‐one patients (76%) were transplanted with a median waiting time of 3.4 months, and 22 (24%) patients were delisted owing to tumor progression ( 14), noncompliance ( 5), and death from liver failure ( 3). Using a cox model competing risks approach, higher baseline alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) ≥ 100 ng/mL was the only factor independently associated with a higher hazard rate of delisting owing to tumor progression (p = 0.00003), whereas four separate factors were independently associated with a lower hazard rate of transplantation: more recent listing year (1999–2001, p = 0.010), blood type O (p = 0.013), Stage I HCC (p = 0.029), and serum bilirubin < 4 mg/dL (p = 0.032). By logistic regression, AFP ≥ 100 ng/mL was the only factor that significantly influenced the probability of delisting owing to tumor progression (p = 0.001). In conclusion, the initial AFP level may be useful along with tumor stage in defining an urgency score for liver transplant candidates with HCC.
Acquirers’ Cultural Background and the Use of Earnouts

This study investigates the effects of culture on the design of merger and acquisition (M&A) contracts. Specifically, we empirically analyze how the acquirer’s cultural background influences the contractual choice to implement an earnout. We operationalize the acquirer’s cultural background by using Hofstede’s country-level indices for individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and long-term orientation. Using a comprehensive sample of 9,669 M&As, we find that earnout use is significantly positively associated with the acquirer’s masculinity level. Furthermore, we provide evidence that earnout use is significantly negatively associated with the acquirer’s power distance and uncertainty avoidance scores. Our study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that, in addition to economic theories, cultural differences are important in understanding the heterogeneity of earnout use.
Rheological characterisation of age thickening with special reference to milk concentrates

Age thickening is a well known phenomenon within the dairy industry, where the apparent viscosity of concentrated dairy solutions increases with storage time under low shear. The objective of the paper is to develop new tools to analyse several aspects of age thickening, including the increases in shear thinning, the degree of thixotropy and the rate of structural build up with time, as well as irreversible structural changes and gelation. The build up of the dispersed phase structure during storage, was captured by a snap shot technique, where concentrated milk samples were stored, and aliquots were taken at periodic intervals and subjected to shear sweep tests to collect flow curves. Rheological modelling using the Herschel-Bulkley model showed an increase in yield stress and consistency, indicating a build up in structure during age thickening. The trend in apparent viscosity with storage time showed two-phases, a slow and steady increase followed by a sharp rise, which could be used to identify the onset of firm gelation. The extrapolated viscosity at infinite shear rate increased with storage time, indicating the build up in irreversible structural components during age thickening.
Physical fitness and peak running periods during female Australian football match-play

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the influence of physical fitness on peak periods of match-play. Methods: Forty-three female Australian footballers from three teams wore global positioning system units in matches during one competitive season. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (Level 1) was conducted as an estimate of physical fitness. One-, two-, three-, four- and five-minute rolling periods were analysed in order to determine the “peak” and “subsequent” periods during match-play. Results: Midfielders covered greater distances during peak periods than half-line players (Effect size, ES range = 0.33–0.86; likelihood ≥76%). Nomeaningful differences were reported between positional groups for high-speed distances during the peak periods, with the exception of half-liners covering greater distance during the 1-minute period (ES = 0.38; likelihood = 80%). Higher fitness players covered greater peak total and high-speed (ES range = 0.70–1.16; likelihood ≥94%) distances than lower fitness players, irrespective of position. Higher fitness midfielders covered greater high-speed distances during the 1 to 3-minute subsequent periods than lower fitness midfielders (ES range = 0.46–0.71; likelihood ≥81%). Half-liners with greater Yo-Yo performances covered greater relative total and low-speed (ES range = 0.47–0.70; likelihood ≥76%) distances during the subsequent periods than lower fitness players. Conclusion: Developing physical fitness may enable greater peak and subsequent period performances and improve players’ abilities to maintain higher average match intensities.
Secondary Agricultural Education Program and Human Influences on Career Decision Self-Efficacy.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between career decision self-efficacy (CDSE) and components of the secondary agricultural education program. Additionally, the authors sought to describe secondary students’ CDSE and career decision influences. This study’s design was descriptive and relational and incorporated high school junior and senior student responses (n = 114) to surveys. Taylor and Betz’ (1983) Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale, Short Form (CDSE-SF) was incorporated in addition to instruments developed solely for this study. This study’s findings revealed secondary agricultural education students were mostly confident in their career decisiveness across all five constructs of the CDSE-SF. Participation in Career Development Events (CDEs) revealed low correlations with four constructs in the CDSESF. Supervised Agricultural Experiences (SAEs) did not highly influence this group of participants’ career decisions. The authors also discuss the perceived influence of identified persons and other components of the secondary agricultural education program based on student responses. Recommendations are made to teachers and parents to improve secondary students’ career decision-making.
SAIDR: A New Dynamic Model for SMS-Based Worm Propagation in Mobile Networks

Recently, short message service (SMS) has become one of the most popular applications for mobile users. However, it provides convenience for worms to spread in mobile networks. Due to the differences between computers and smartphones, the current propagation models of computer worms cannot be employed in the mobile network directly, especially in the SMS scenario. In this paper, we propose a worm propagation model based on SMS, named susceptible-affected-infectious-suspended-recovered. To accurately predict the worm propagation via SMS, first, we add the affected state to represent the state of users who have received the messages but have not clicked the malicious links. Second, since an infected node does not always send malicious messages to others, a novel state, the suspended state, is introduced to describe this situation. Furthermore, related stabilities of the worm-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium are studied. The worm-free equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{0}<1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, whereas the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{0}>1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Finally, comprehensive experiments have been done to support our conclusions and confirm the rationality.
The Effect of Work Fulfilment on Job Characteristics and Employee Retention: Gen Y Employees

Job characteristics are considered a contributing factor for the retention of employees at work, but the mechanism behind this relationship remains unclear. The current study aimed to analyse work fulfilment as mediators and age among Generation Y (Gen Y) as moderators of the relationship between task and knowledge characteristics and employee retention based on self-determination theory (SDT). Data were collected from 153 Gen Y employees in Klang Valley, Malaysia and analysed using partial least squares (PLS). The results supported the predicted mediating role of work fulfilment with gender and educational level as control variables. Various ages among Gen Y have no differences within the studied relationships. Implications, limitations of these findings and directions for future research are further discussed to improve the retention of employees in the workplace.
Differential expression of appetite‐regulating genes in avian models of anorexia and obesity

Chickens from lines that have been selected for low (LWS) or high (HWS) juvenile body weight for more than 57 generations provide a unique model by which to research appetite regulation. The LWS display different severities of anorexia, whereas all HWS become obese. In the present study, we measured mRNA abundance of various factors in appetite‐associated nuclei in the hypothalamus. The lateral hypothalamus (LHA), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) were collected from 5 day‐old chicks that were fasted for 180 minutes or provided with continuous access to food. Fasting increased neuropeptide Y receptor subtype 1 (NPYR1) mRNA in the LHA and c‐Fos in the VMH, at the same time as decreasing c‐Fos in the LHA, neuropeptide Y receptor subtype 5 and ghrelin in the PVN, and neuropeptide Y receptor subtype 2 in the ARC. Fasting increased melanocortin receptor subtype 3 (MC3R) expression in the DMN and NPY in the ARC of LWS but not HWS chicks. Expression of NPY was greater in LWS than HWS in the DMN. neuropeptide Y receptor subtype 5 mRNA was greater in LWS than HWS in the LHA, PVN and ARC. Expression of orexin was greater in LWS than HWS in the LHA. There was greater expression of NPYR1, melanocortin receptor subtype 4 and cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript in HWS than LWS and mesotocin in LWS than HWS in the PVN. In the ARC, agouti‐related peptide and MC3R were greater in LWS than HWS and, in the VMH, orexin receptor 2 and leptin receptor were greater in LWS than HWS. Greater mesotocin in the PVN, orexin in the LHA and ORXR2 in the VMH of LWS may contribute to their increased sympathetic tone and anorexic phenotype. The results of the present study also suggest that an increased hypothalamic anorexigenic tone in the LWS over‐rides orexigenic factors such as NPY and AgRP that were more highly expressed in LWS than HWS in several nuclei.
What is new in atopic dermatitis/eczema?

Introduction: Atopic eczema (AE) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin condition and one of the most common, potentially debilitating diseases with increasing incidence. Areas covered: The complex etiology of AE with multiple systemic and local immunologic and inflammatory responses and interactions between susceptibility genes and environmental factors leading to defects in skin barrier function and eczematous skin lesions is presented. Knowledge of pathogenesis is important for understanding the more innovative treatment approaches discussed. Expert opinion: Basic therapy consists of hydrating topical treatment and avoidance of specific and unspecific provocation factors. For acute eczematous skin lesions, anti-inflammatory treatment consists mainly of topical glucocorticoids and topical calcineurin inhibitors. Microbial colonization and superinfection may induce skin exacerbation, which can be treated by either topical or systemic antimicrobial treatment. Systemic anti-inflammatory therapy is limited to severe cases and consists of systemic steroids, cyclosporine A or mycophenolate mofetil. Novel anti-inflammatory concepts that go beyond corticosteroids are in the early phases of development. There are targeted therapeutic approaches, such as cytokine and chemokine modulators, and it remains to be investigated how effective they will be and what side effects they may carry. Existing treatment modalities such as barrier repair therapy, topical immunosuppressive agents, antiseptic treatment as well as systemic treatment options are discussed.
Influence of media coverage and sentiment on seasoned equity offerings.

This article examines the role of media in seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) price and market reactions on SEO announcements. Using a sample of SEO deals in UK, we find that media coverage is significantly and negatively related to SEO price discounts and market returns around SEO announcements. Moreover, we document that more pessimistic media sentiment predicts larger SEO price discounts and more negative market reactions to SEO announcements. In summary, both media coverage and media sentiment influence investor decisions in SEOs, but through different mechanisms.
Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis by wet mount identification of bacterial morphotypes in vaginal fluid

In order to develop a more practical way of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis (BV), we evaluated a scoring system, weighting small bacterial morphotypes versus lactobacillary morphotypes in wet mounts, assessed criteria for BV and normalcy from this scoring, and then evaluated their reproducibility and accuracy. We examined 754 women for pH, homogeneous vaginal discharge, amine odour, clue cells and the composite clinical diagnosis. We also examined wet mounts for small bacterial morphotypes and lactobacillary morphotypes, and weighted their quantitative presence as a bacterial morphotype score. The term 'small bacterial morphotypes' denotes a group of small bacillary forms comprising coccobacilli, tiny rods, and mobile curved rods. The different characteristics of BV were all gradually associated with increased bacterial morphotype scoring. We deemed a score of 0-1 as normal, 2-4 as intermediate phase, grade I, 5-6 as intermediate phase, grade II, and 7-8 indicative of BV. Reproducibility of the interpretation was high, both for the new grading system (weighted Kappa 0.90 in women perceiving and 0.81 in women not perceiving abnormal vaginal discharge) and for the new criterion for BV (non-weighted Kappa 0.91 and 0.84 in the 2 groups of women). The new criterion also proved highly concurrent with the composite clinical diagnosis (Kappa 0.91 and 0.81 in the 2 groups). In conclusion, the wet mount bacterial morphotype scoring is valid for grading of the disorder of the vaginal microbial ecosystem, and the new criterion for BV a more practical option than existing diagnostic methods.