Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The functional central limit theorem for strongly mixing processes

Let (XJi E 7l be a strictly stationary and strongly mixing sequence of Rd-valued zero-mean random variables. Let be the sequence of mixing coefficients. We define the strong mixing function a by and we denote by Q the quantile function of Xo ~, which is the inverse function of t P ( X0| > t). The main result of this paper is that the functional central limit theorem holds whenever the following condition is fulfilled: where f ’ -1 denotes the inverse of the monotonic function f. Note that this condition is equivalent to the usual condition E (X~) oo for m-dependent sequences. Moreover, for any a > 1, we construct a sequence with strong mixing coefficients an of the order of n-a such that the CLT does not hold as soon as condition (* ) is violated.
The Effectiveness of Letters Card Media in Writing Lontara’ Alphabet Makassar at SMP Negeri 1 Pallangga in Gowa District

The purpose of this study was to explain the effectiveness of writing Lontara’ alphabet Makassar via letters card media in Class VII SMPN 1 Pallangga, Gowa district. This research used quantitative method. The steps was taken, namely (1) The initial test (pre-test) or measurement prior to treatment, (2) the implementation of the action (treatment), and (3) the measurement that was done after post- test. The object of this study was the students of Class VII students in SMP Negeri 1 Pallangga, while the selected students as sample were students of class VII-18 woth total 50 students. Data collection techniques used were participatory observation, test, and interviews. Data analysis techniques used include data description, the average similarity test, and requirements analysis test. The results show that learning by using letters card media is very effective. It can be seen from the results of post-test analysis which shows higher level of achievement by using a lontara’ alphabet Makassar letters card media compared to the pre-test. In addition, in learning process the students are more active by using the letter card media compared to not using these media. While other factors that influence the effectiveness of learning can be affected by three factors, they are motivation, educational qualifications of teachers, and the environment.
Comparison of Vaisala radiosondes RS41 and RS92 launched over the oceans from the Arctic to the tropics

6 1Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine–Earth 7 Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan 8 2Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, Japan Agency for Marine–Earth 9 Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan 10 3Arctic Environment Research Center, National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa 11 190-8518, Japan 12 13 14 Correspondence to: Yoshimi Kawai (ykawai@jamstec.go.jp) 15 16 Revised on May 9, 2017 17
Bacteriological analysis of potable water in areas with reported cholera outbreaks in Ogun, Oyo and Lagos States, Nigeria

Background: Cholera outbreaks, reported yearly in Nigeria, are a public health concern and transmission is attributed to drinking of contaminated water and poor sanitation.Objective: To conduct a bacteriological analysis of potable water in areas with reported cholera outbreaks in Ogun, Lagos and Oyo States.Methods: Water samples collected from the study areas were examined physically, cultured in MacConkey broth and Alkaline peptone water to determine the most probable number (MPN) of Coliforms and isolate Vibro species respectively. Bacteria were cultured from the broths and were identified using standard methods.Results: All the other water samples examined were colourless, odourless, tasteless and lack particles except the well water which had yellowish brown colouration (4; 8%) and contained visible particles (5; 30%). The presumptive total coliform count ranged between < 3 and 1,100 MPN /100ml. Enterobacter gergoviae (34; 47.2%), Escherichia coli (16; 22.2%), Klebsiella pneumonia (7; 9.7%), Sarratia liquefaciens (6; 8.3%), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (5; 6.9%), Citrobacter diversus (2; 2.8), Klebsiella oxytoca (1; 1.4%) and Enterobacter aerogenes (1; 1.4%) were isolated from 33.5% of the water samples. The level of contamination of water sources within the different study areas was significant (p<0.001). Vibrio cholerae was not isolated, but Vibrio parahaemolyticus was isolated from 5 (10%) of the well water samples. Thermo-tolerant Coliforms were also identified from some samples. Conclusion: The well water samples were grossly contaminated with coliform bacteria and Vibrio parahaemolyticus and should be treated before drinking.
Chemical Composition and Bacterial Community in Size-Resolved Cloud Water at the Summit of Mt. Tai, China

ABSTRACT A three-stage collector was used to collect size-resolved cloud samples at the summit of Mt. Tai. Subsequently, analyses of pH values, water-soluble ions, and trace metals were performed and bacterial community were conducted using MiSeq amplicon sequencing. The pH values of the samples decreased as droplet sizes decreased. Sulfate (SO42–), nitrate (NO3–) and ammonium (NH4+) were the main secondary inorganic ions which their concentration distributed significantly different from size-resolved cloud water. The NH4+ concentration was higher in smaller droplets. The SO42– and NO3– concentrations were higher in larger droplets. The Ca2+ concentration increased as droplet size increased. Small droplet samples tended to have lower pH value, mainly because of the more acidic (SO42– and NO3–) and less acid-neutralizing (NH4+ and Ca2+) components. The bacterial community in size-resolved cloud samples were firstly recognized and dominated by the genera of Lactococcus (average abundance 34.9%) and Bacillus (average abundance 34.0%). Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed differences of the bacterial community in size-resolved cloud water samples, which was probably caused by the bacterial size. Redundancy analysis suggested several minor correlations that the H2O2, NO2– concentrations, and trace metals exert effects on the bacterial community.
Searching for CAC-maps

Abstract For two-dimensional lattice equations the standard definition of integrability is that it should be possible to extend the map consistently to three dimensions, i.e., that it is “consistent around a cube” (CAC). Recently Adler, Bobenko and Suris conducted a search based on this principle, together with the additional assumptions of symmetry and “the tetrahedron property”. We present here results of a search for CAC lattice equations assuming also the same symmetry properties, but not the tetrahedron property.
Duration of collaboration from a market perspective: An agent-based modeling approach

Maintaining a long-term partnership with a supplier is considered an effective strategy to achieve collaboration success in supply chain management (SCM). However, individual companies find that this approach does not always improve business performance. In this paper, an agent-based model (ABM) is developed to investigate the effect of duration of collaboration on supply chains from a market perspective. The model represents two-stage supply chains of an innovative product market, involving suppliers and manufacturers. The model outputs are measured by the rate of demand fulfilment and the number of supply chains which can survive in the market. The results show that duration of collaboration has no significant impact on both demand fulfilment and survivability of supply chains. This finding contradicts the common belief held in the literature about the benefits of long-term collaboration, but it corroborates examples encountered in practice. This study provides new insights to the practice of supply chain collaboration by taking a market perspective. The results show that a longer duration of collaboration does not provide a significant improvement to the supply chain's competitiveness from a market point of view, in terms of demand fulfilment and supply chain's ability to survive over the long-term. The implications of this finding to practice are discussed in the paper.
Comparison of High and Low Performance Wheat Growers with Respect to Their Locus of Control

The locus of control is a construct reflecting beliefs about the control of behavior and life events. According to this perception, people are grouped into two main categories: an internal and external locus of control. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between wheat yield performance, locus of control and wheat growers’ (WG) characteristics. Survey research methodology and two stages of stratified random sampling were used as research and sampling method, respectively. A questionnaire was used as the research instrument and 217 sampled wheat growers (106 and 111 high and low performance, respectively) were interviewed from the eight districts of Shiraz Province. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated and confirmed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing data, using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Based on the findings, yield performance and internal locus of control had a significant and positive relationship. On the other hand, variables such as educational level, accessing information sources, cosmopoliteness achievement motivation and interest in agriculture showed positive and significant relationships with yield performance. Regression has revealed that three variables are strong predictors for yield performance in wheat: achievement motivation (%47.3), cosmopoliteness (%2.6) and accessing information sources (%2.1). Educational level and accessing information sources showed a positive correlation, whereas age had a negative and significant relationship with internal locus of control. As a result, it can be said that psychological and behavioral parameters affect farm management and production as well as physical and natural factors.
Variation of Hydroxyapatite Content in Soft Gelatin Affects Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation

Gelatin is a common material used in tissue engineering and hydroxyapatite (HA) has a composition and structure similar to natural bone mineral. HA is also used to increase the adhesion ability of scaffolds. The physical and mechanical properties of gelatin, together with the chemical properties of HA, can affect cell differentiation. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the gene expression of human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) upon culturing on gelatin composite with HA. Low amounts of HA were introduced into the gelatin in order to modulate properties of gelatin. Three types of hydrogel were fabricated by glutaraldehyde crosslinking before lyophilization to produce the porous 3D structure: (1) pure gelatin, (2) 0.5 mg/ml HA in gelatin, and (3) 1 mg/ml HA in gelatin. The fabricated hydrogels were used as scaffolds to cultivate HMSCs for two periods - 24 hours and 3 weeks. The results showed that all types of fabricated hydrogels could be used to cultivate HMSCs. Changes of gene expressions indicated that the HMSCs cultured on the 1 mg/ml HA in gelatin showed neuronal lineage-specific differentiation.
Characterization and Induced Photocurrent of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Fabricated by Anodization

The fabrication of TiO 2 nanotube arrays (TNTs) by the anodization of titanium foil in electrolyte containing fluoride was carried out in this study. The surface dimension, phase formation, and lattice parameters of TNTs were determined by the field-emission-scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer, respectively. The induced photocurrent intensity of TNTs was measured by a potentiostat/galvanostat. The well-defined and highly ordered TNTs were formed in glycerol electrolyte with a water content of 20%. The inner diameter of the TNTs was mainly determined by the anodization voltage, while the length of the TNTs was affected by both anodization voltage and anodization time. The length of the nanotube was continually increased with anodization time until the rates of the electrochemical oxidization of Ti foil and the chemical dissolution of the TiO 2 film reached a dynamic equilibrium. The TNTs annealed at 600°C demonstrated the highest induced photocurrent because of the crystallization of anatase and rutile phases. The increase in the tube length and the decrease in the inner diameter induced higher photocurrents under specific conditions of UV illumination because of a higher illuminated area. However, the enhancement of the induced photocurrent was retarded when the length of the TNTs reached 2000 nm due to the limited penetration of incident UV light penetrated through the nanotube.
Far-infrared excess emission as a tracer of disk-halo interaction

Given the current and past star-formation in the Milky Way in combination with the limited gas supply, the re-fuelling of the reservoir of cool gas is an important aspect of Galactic astrophysics. The infall of \ion{H}{i} halo clouds can, among other mechanisms, contribute to solving this problem. We study the intermediate-velocity cloud IVC135+54 and its spatially associated high-velocity counterpart to look for signs of a past or ongoing interaction. Using the Effelsberg-Bonn \ion{H}{i} Survey data, we investigated the interplay of gas at different velocities. In combination with far-infrared Planck and IRIS data, we extended this study to interstellar dust and used the correlation of the data sets to infer information on the dark gas. The velocity structure indicates a strong compression and deceleration of the infalling high-velocity cloud (HVC), associated with far-infrared excess emission in the intermediate-velocity cloud. This excess emission traces molecular hydrogen, confirming that IVC135+54 is one of the very few molecular halo clouds. The high dust emissivity of IVC135+54 with respect to the local gas implies that it consists of disk material and does not, unlike the HVC, have an extragalactic origin. Based on the velocity structure of the HVC and the dust content of the IVC, a physical connection between them appears to be the logical conclusion. Since this is not compatible with the distance difference between the two objects, we conclude that this particular HVC might be much closer to us than complex C. Alternatively, the indicators for an interaction are misleading and have another origin.
Benign Liver Lesions: AClinical Profile

The diagnosis of benign liver lesions have been increased due to current imaging modalities and liver function test. Early detection of benign liver lesions by various imaging modalities of liver function test (LFT) can be treated by non-invasive methods. Benign liver lesions include a broad spectrum of pathologies ranging from regenerative nodules to true neoplastic processes and various cystic lesions. In this study, 50 cases were studied, age ranging from 19 years to 86 years. Age wise distribution of cases in study group showed that majority of cases were between 21-30 years age group. Amoebic liver abscess is the commonest lesion, which is common in males of 21-40 years. Cavernous hemangioma is the commonest solid lesion with female to male ratio of 2:1. Ultrasonography (USG) is the primary initial investigation in diagnosing benign lesions.
Body and carcass measurements, carcass conformation and tissue distribution of high dairy genetic merit Holstein, standard dairy genetic merit Friesian and Charolais x Holstein-Friesian male cattle

The increased proportion of Holstein genes in the dairy herd may have undesirable consequences for beef production in Ireland. A total of 72 spring-born calves, (24 Holstein (HO), 24 Friesian (FR) and 24 Charolais × Holstein-Friesian (CH)) were reared from calfhood to slaughter. Calves were artificially reared indoors and spent their first summer at pasture following which they were assigned to a 3 breeds (HO, FR and CH) × 2 production systems (intensive 19-month bull beef and extensive 25-month steer beef) × 2 slaughter weights (560 and 650 kg) factorial experiment. Body measurements of all animals were recorded at the same time before the earliest slaughter date. After slaughter, carcasses were graded and measured and the pistola hind-quarter was separated into fat, bone and muscle. HO had significantly higher values for withers height, pelvic height and chest depth than FR, which in turn had higher values than CH. HO had a longer back and a narrower chest than either FR or CH, which were not significantly different. Carcass length and depth, pistola length, and leg length were 139.2, 134.4 and 132.0 (s.e. 0.81), 52.1, 51.3 and 47.7 (s.e. 0.38), 114.4, 109.0 and 107.0 (s.e. 0.65) and 76.7, 71.9 and 71.4 (s.e. 0.44) cm for HO, FR and CH, respectively. Breed differences in pistola tissue distribution between the joints were small and confined to the distal pelvic limb and ribs. There were relatively small breed differences in the distribution of pistola muscle weight between individual muscles. Body measurements were significantly greater for animals on the intensive system (bulls) than the extensive system (steers) in absolute Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 46: 129–147, 2007
Effects of TRIPS on Growth, Welfare and Income Inequality in an R&D-Growth Model

What are the effects of the WTO's TRIPS Agreement on growth, welfare and income inequality? To analyze this question, we develop an open-economy R&D-driven endogenous-growth model with wealth heterogeneity. Under TRIPS, the North experiences higher growth and welfare at the expense of higher income inequality. As for the South, it experiences higher growth at the expense of lower welfare and higher income inequality. Also, there exists a critical degree for the domestic importance of foreign goods below which global welfare decreases under TRIPS. In light of our findings, we discuss policy implications on China’s accession to the WTO in 2001.
The sharpness of gamma-ray burst prompt emission spectra

We aim to obtain a measure of the curvature of time-resolved spectra that can be compared directly to theory. This tests the ability of models such as synchrotron emission to explain the peaks or breaks of GBM prompt emission spectra. We take the burst sample from the official Fermi GBM GRB time-resolved spectral catalog. We re-fit all spectra with a measured peak or break energy in the catalog best-fit models in various energy ranges, which cover the curvature around the spectral peak or break, resulting in a total of 1,113 spectra being analysed. We compute the sharpness angles under the peak or break of the triangle constructed under the model fit curves and compare to the values obtained from various representative emission models: blackbody, single-electron synchrotron, synchrotron emission from a Maxwellian or power-law electron distribution. We find that 35% of the time-resolved spectra are inconsistent with the single-electron synchrotron function, and 91% are inconsistent with the Maxwellian synchrotron function. The single temperature, single emission time and location blackbody function is found to be sharper than all the spectra. No general evolutionary trend of the sharpness angle is observed, neither per burst nor for the whole population. It is found that the limiting case, a single temperature Maxwellian synchrotron function, can only contribute up to $58^{+23}_{-18}$% of the peak flux. Our results show that even the sharpest but non-realistic case, the single-electron synchrotron function, cannot explain a large fraction of the observed GRB prompt spectra. Because of the fact that any combination of physically possible synchrotron spectra added together will always further broaden the spectrum, emission mechanisms other than optically thin synchrotron radiation are likely required in a full explanation of the spectral peaks or breaks of the GRB prompt emission phase.
Managerial Ownership, Leverage and Dividend Policies: Empirical Evidence from Vietnam's Listed Firms

The purpose of this paper is to examine the interrelationship among managerial ownership, leverage and dividend policies. The analysis is performed using three-stage least squares (3SLS) estimation on a sample of 81 listed firms on HCM City Stock Exchange (HOSE) during the period 2007–2012. The empirical results indicate that managerial ownership has a negative relationship with leverage. This finfing is supported by Agency Theory. Also, the results provide strong support for Pecking Order Theory, which suggests that there is a negative relationship between leverage and dividend. However, contrary to expectations, managerial ownership is found to have positive impact on dividend. It means that companies with higher levels of managerial holdings are consciously choosing higher level of dividends.
The surge flies (Diptera: Canacidae: Zaleinae) of Australasia and notes on tethinid-canacid morphology and relationships

The morphology, relationships, and classification of the Tethinidae and Canacidae are considered, with special reference to the Zaleinae. Homologies of bristles near the vertex of the head are critically appraised, and the origin of the sclerite known as the prelabrum or anteclypeus is considered. The family Canacidae Jones, 1906 is classified into the following six subfamilies: Apetaeninae Mathis & Munari, 1996; Canacinae s.str. ; Horaismopterinae Sabrosky, 1978; Pelomyiinae Foster, 1976; Tethininae Hendel, 1916; Zaleinae D. McAlpine, 1985. The family name Tethinidae thus becomes a new subjective synonym of Canacidae. The subfamily Nocticanacinae Mathis, 1982 becomes a tribe Nocticanacini n.stat. of Canacinae. Tethinosoma Malloch is transferred from the Tethininae to the Horaismopterinae. A key to subfamilies of Canacidae s.l. is given. A revised characterization of Zaleinae is given and its two genera and c. 16 species are keyed. Revised characterizations of Suffomyia Freidberg and Zalea D. McAlpine are given. The following new species are described: Suffomyia sabroskyi (Caroline Islands); Suffomyia ismayi (New Guinea); Zalea earlyi, Zalea johnsi, Zalea lithax, Zalea mathisi, Zalea ohauorae, Zalea uda, Zalea wisei (New Zealand); Zalea clava (Western Australia); Zalea dayi (New South Wales). Two doubtful species represented by inadequate material are assigned provisional numbers. Adults of these maritime flies were found on shoreline rocks or on stranded "seaweed". Parasitism of four Zalea spp. by laboulbenialean fungi is recorded. Collection techniques for zaleines are mentioned.
Control of hovering flight during oviposition by two species of Bombyliidae

The evolutionary history of species can be revealed in part by studying behaviour. In many species of Bombyliidae the females possess a sand chamber to coat their eggs with dust before oviposition. Generally ovi po si tion behaviour of these females consists of a hovering phase ending with a swing of the abdomen to fling an egg into or near a nest entrance of a possible host. For two species, Bombylius major and Anth rax anthrax, this behaviour has been filmed with 300 frames/s. The details have been quantified using a model from control theory. The para meters of the model characterize each species. In B. major in the hove ring phase the distance to the nest entrance is diminished while the loop gain is increasing. In A. anthrax the distance is oscillating around a constant value, as a result of bi-level distance control. Anthrax anthrax is inspecting the hole before starting the hovering phase and mostly delivers only a single egg at the hole, with a maximum of two; B. major will even hover near a shadow and may deliver many eggs at one place.