Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attitudes Toward Collaboration Among Practitioners in Newly Established Medical Homes

The objective was to evaluate the attitudes toward collaboration of nurses, general practitioners (GPs), and specialists practicing in newly established Medical Homes (MHs) in Parma Local Health Authority (LHA), Emilia-Romagna region, Italy. The 15-item Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration was administered electronically to 172 physicians (66 GPs, 106 specialists) and 113 nurses practicing in 12 MHs. In all, 191 surveys (45 GPs, 59 specialists, 87 nurses) were completed (67% response rate). The mean total score among nurses (51.5, standard deviation [SD] = 3.7) reflected a significantly (P < .01) more positive attitude toward collaboration compared with GPs (47.8, SD = 4.6) and specialists (45.3, SD = 7.7). Discrepancies in attitudes are concerning because conflicting perceptions of professional roles may impede a successful transition to integrated care within MHs in Parma LHA. Internationally, further research into understanding interprofessional relationships within MHs is needed to inform policy and build a necessary culture of team-based care.
Stream Temperature Surges Under Urbanization and Climate Change: Data, Models, and Responses 1

ABSTRACT: Multiple anthropogenic stressors, including increased watershed imperviousness, destruction of the riparian vegetation, increased siltation, and changes in climate, will impact streams over the coming century. These stressors will alter water temperature, thus influencing ecological processes and stream biota. Quantitative tools are needed to predict the magnitude and direction of altered thermal regimes. Here, empirical relationships were derived to complement a simple model of in‐stream temperature [developed by Caissie et al. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering25 (1998) 250; Journal of Hydrology251 (2001) 14], including seasonal temperature shifts linked to land use, and temperature surges linked to localized rainstorms; surges in temperature averaged about 3.5°C and dissipated over about 3 h. These temperature surges occurred frequently at the most urbanized sites (up to 10% of summer days) and could briefly increase maximum temperature by >7°C. The combination of empirical relationships and model show that headwater streams may be more pervasively impacted by urbanization than by climate change, although the two stressors reinforce each other. A profound community shift, from common cold and coolwater species to some of the many warmwater species currently present in smaller numbers, may be expected, as shown by a count of days on which temperature exceeds the “good growth” range for coldwater species.
Incidental findings on array comparative genomic hybridization: detection of carrier females of dystrophinopathy without any family history

Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) has progressively replaced conventional karyotype in the diagnostic strategy of intellectual disability (ID) and congenital malformations. This technique increases not only the diagnostic rate but also the possibility of finding unexpected variants unrelated to the indication of referral, namely incidental findings. The incidental finding of copy number variants (CNVs) located in X‐linked genes in girls addresses the crucial question of genetic counseling in the family. We report here five cases of CNVs involving the dystrophin gene detected by aCGH in girls referred for developmental delay, without any family history of dystrophinopathy. The rearrangements included three in‐frame deletions; one maternally and two paternally inherited, and two frameshift duplications: one de novo and one from undetermined inheritance. In two cases, the deletion identified in a girl was transmitted by the asymptomatic father. In the case of the maternally inherited deletion, prenatal diagnosis of dystrophinopathy was proposed for an ongoing pregnancy, whereas the cause of developmental delay in the index case remained unknown. Through these cases, we discussed the challenges of genetic counseling in the family, regarding the predictive issues for male individuals at risk for a muscular dystrophy without precise knowledge of the clinical consequences of some CNVs in the DMD gene.
Tea maker's asthma

Uragoda, C. G. (1970). Brit. J. industr. Med.,27, 181-182. Tea maker's asthma. In the manufacture of tea, which is supervised by a tea maker, a fine dust called tea fluff is discharged into the atmosphere of the factory. A case of asthma, occurring in a tea maker as the result of inhalation of this fluff, is described. Provocative inhalation of the fluff produced an attack within a few minutes. A positive reaction was obtained on skin testing with tea fluff antigen. Tea factory cough and tea taster's disease are two other occupational diseases associated with the tea industry.
Bladder Cancer Detection Using FISH (UroVysion Assay)

UroVysion is a fluorescence in situ hybridization assay that was developed for the detection of bladder cancer in urine specimens. It consists of fluorescently labeled DNA probes to the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 3 (red), 7 (green), and 17 (aqua) and to the 9p21 band (gold) location of the P16 tumor suppressor gene. The UroVysion assay works by detecting urinary cells that have chromosomal abnormalities consistent with a diagnosis of bladder cancer. Studies have shown that UroVysion is more sensitive than urine cytology for the detection of all stages and grades of bladder cancer. UroVysion is Food and Drug Administration-approved for the detection of recurrent bladder cancer in voided urine specimens from patients with a history of bladder cancer and for the detection of bladder cancer in voided urine specimens from patients with gross or microscopic hematuria, but no previous history of bladder cancer. Recent studies also suggest that UroVysion may be useful for assessing superficial bladder cancer patients' response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy and in detecting upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
Biotransformation of Salvianolic acid B by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cucumerinum and Its Two Degradation Routes

Resting cells of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cucumerinum (F. oxsporum) were used for the biotransformation of salvianolic acid B (Sal B). Three transformed products, isolithospermic acid, prolithospermic acid and danshensu, were identified on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data. The stability of the two ester bonds of Sal B was studied and two degradation routes were found. In the biotransformation system, Sal B was transformed into isolithospermic acid first which was then converted into prolithospermic acid. In alkaline solutions, Sal B was transformed into lithospermic acid first which was then converted into prolithospermic acid. This is the first reports of the NMR spectra of isolithospermic acid and this result may indicate the metabolic pathways of Sal B in vivo.
Explicit and implicit motor sequence learning: motor learning analysis in children with Down syndrome. [Aprendizaje explícito e implícito de la secuencia motora: análisis del aprendizaje motor en niños con síndrome de Down].

The purpose of the present study was to explore explicit and implicit motor sequence learning in 24 children with Down’s syndrome (DS) and 24 matched typically developing (TD) children using a serial reaction time (SRT) task with both random and regular trials. The intervention was consisted of 10 stages (8 blocks for acquisition and 2 blocks for retention) in which the performances of groups were compared. In acquisition phase, our results showed a progress in the performance of SRT task in all groups while performing the SRT task. In addition, in retention phase, the results showed that children with DS succeed as well as TD children at the implicit motor sequence learning task. There were no significant differences between groups. But there was a significant difference between groups for explicit learning and the group of TD explicit children showed a reliable sequence learning pattern compared to DS children. These results are in line with the cognitive and motor features of the DS children and suggest that implicit motor learning is intact in children with DS but explicit motor learning seems to be impaired in these children. Nevertheless, this article provides preliminary data regarding implicit learning in DS children and further empirical research is needed to provide more meticulous and logical explanations. From a practical view, we suggest that during the education and rehabilitation interventions to children with DS, we can make use the benefits of implicit learning, because these children can learn skills implicitly.
Operando XRD study of LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 high-voltage cathode under high-rate charge-discharge reaction

Structural variation of LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 spinel cathode during the Li+ extraction/insertion reaction was studied using operando X-ray diffraction. It was found that the reaction in the voltage range from 3.5 to 4.9 V consisted of two consecutive two-phase reactions, where three spinel phases of LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4, Li0.5Mn1.5Ni0.5O4 and Mn1.5Ni0.5O4 were identified and the lattice volume change in the whole reaction was evaluated as 6%. The reactions were symmetric and reversible under low-current conditions, but some asymmetries were detected during high current operation. Furthermore, a two-phase reaction between cubic and tetragonal phases was observed in the low-voltage reaction at 2.1–3.5 V, where the lattice volume change was approximately 4.9%. The rate-determining step was discussed based on these operando results.
Assessing the Reactive Surface Area of Phlogopite during Acid Dissolution: An Atomic Force Microscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and Low Energy Electron Diffraction Study

The behavior during dissolution of edge and basal surfaces of the mica phlogopite were examined using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) in an attempt to characterize the reactive surface area during dissolution. Mica minerals are the ideal material for this study because they offer a high degree of structural anisotropy. Therefore surfaces with different structures are easily identified. Dissolution is shown to proceed preferentially by removal of material from {hk0} edges. Dissolution rates were calculated by measuring the volume of material removed from etch pits, and normalizing to either the reactive surface area of {hk0} edges exposed at pit walls, or to a total BET-equivalent surface area. Rates normalized to total surface area are in the range of dissolution rates reported in the literature. Edge surface normalized rates are about 100 times faster. Long-term in situ AFM observations of phlogopite dissolution reveal that exposed (001) surfaces also display a distinct reactivity, though it operates on a different time scale. The top layer is shown to expand between 39 and 63 hours in contact with pH 2 HCl solution. Subsequent LEED analysis shows that the (001) surface becomes amorphous upon reacting with pH 2 HCl. Compositional characterization of the phlogopite after reaction shows that for pitted phlogopite surfaces, dissolution is characterized by leaching of octahedral cations and polymerization of the silica-enriched residual layer. No chemical changes or polymerization are observed for freshly cleaved unpitted phlogopite after reaction with pH 2 HCl for 24 hours. This suggests a gallery access mechanism is facilitated by edge attack, and is only significant on exposed (001) surfaces after a certain amount of dissolution by edge attack.
Testing Canonical Tournament Theory: On the Impact of Risk, Social Preferences and Utility Structure

We use experiments to test comparative statics predictions of canonical tournament theory. Both the roles of principal and agent are populated by human subjects, allowing us to test predictions for both incentive responses and optimal tournament design. Consistent with theory, we observed an incentive effect from raising the winner's prize. However, we also observed several empirical puzzles that appeared to contradict theory. Controlling for social preferences did not resolve the puzzles, although social preferences do influence behavior. It turns out that the puzzles can be explained by the canonical model once the textbook assumption of separable agent utility is relaxed.
Molecular evidence for Pleistocene refugia at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau

The role of the Quaternary ice ages in forming the contemporary genetic structure of populations has been well studied in a number of global regions. However, due to the different nature of glaciations and complex topography, their role in shaping eastern Eurasian genetic diversity, particular in areas surrounding the Tibetan Plateau have remained largely unstudied. We aimed to address this question by examining the genetic structure of an alpine forest‐associated taxon, the blood pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus) to infer its phylogeographic history. We detected three phylogenetic lineages and four current population groups. By comparing molecular and palaeovegetation data, we found that major glaciations during the Pleistocene have had a major impact upon the current genetic diversity of this species. Coalescent simulations indicate that the populations retreated to different refugia during some glacial periods in the Pleistocene, but persisted through the last glacial maximum (LGM). The most significant recent population expansion was found to have occurred before the LGM, during which palaeoclimatic data indicate that the climate was both warmer and wetter than today. In contrast, during the LGM populations may have adopted an altitudinal shift strategy in order to track changes in alpine glaciers, exemplifying a general response for montane species in the region where alpine glaciations were not large enough to cause qualitative changes in vegetation. Although analysis based on a plumage related gene showed that divergent selection may have contributed to current patterns of intra‐specific diversity, demographic isolation is inferred to have played a more dominant role.
Nanostructured MnO2 as Electrode Materials for Energy Storage

Manganese dioxides, inorganic materials which have been used in industry for more than a century, now find great renewal of interest for storage and conversion of energy applications. In this review article, we report the properties of MnO2 nanomaterials with different morphologies. Techniques used for the synthesis, structural, physical properties, and electrochemical performances of periodic and aperiodic frameworks are discussed. The effect of the morphology of nanosized MnO2 particles on their fundamental features is evidenced. Applications as electrodes in lithium batteries and supercapacitors are examined.
Using WordNet to determine semantic similarity of words

Word and concept similarity assessment is one of the most important elements in natural language processing and information and knowledge retrieval. WordNet, as a popular concept hierarchy, is used in many such applications. Similarity of words in WordNet is also considered in recent researches. One of the new researches that uses WordNet, has calculated similarity between each two words by considering Depth of Subsumer of the words and Shortest Path between them. In this paper we have improved semantic similarity measure by modifying transfer functions of the previous research. We have tuned parameters of the transfer functions using particle swarm optimization. Based on our experimental results on a benchmark set by human similarity judgment, the resultant correlation has been improved.
Does diurnal variation affect the first trimester fetal aneuploidy screening test biochemical parameters of fetuses with normal nuchal translucency?

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diurnal variation on biochemical results of first trimester aneuploidy screening test. Methods: A total of 2725 singleton pregnant female, who had normal fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness, were included in the study during this period. Individuals were divided into two groups according to the sampling time (morning group: 09:00–11:00 am and afternoon group: 02:00–04:00 pm). Hormonal parameters (free-beta human chorionic gonadotropin [free β-hCG] and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A [PAPP-A] multiples of median [MoM] levels) of first trimester (11+0–13+6 weeks) combined aneuploidy screening test were compared between morning and afternoon groups. Results: PAPP-A MoM levels were significantly lower in the afternoon group when compared to the morning group (p = 0.001), whereas free β-hCG MoM levels were similar in the both groups (p = 0.392). Rate of high risk for Down syndrome (Combine risk >1/300) and amniocentesis ratio were found higher in the afternoon group than morning group, but there were no difference between groups for the number of fetuses with Down syndrome. Conclusion: Receiving the venous blood sample for first trimester aneuploidy screening test in the afternoon causes low PAPP-A MoM levels.
Eclampsia : a clinical prospective study in a referral hospital

Objective: To study Sociodemographic status of eclamptic patients with special emphasis on age, parity, gestational age, antenatal care, socioeconomic status and types of eclampsia. Methods: A prospective clinical study was carried out on the eclampsia patients in the Obstetrics &Gynaecology department of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College and Hospital. Patients with convulsion other than eclampsia were excluded. Sociodemographic status, ante natal care, and gestational age were studied with types of eclampsia (antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum) and their relationship. Results: 60 numbers of cases of eclampsia were studied. Majority of patients were in the group of 20 – 25 yrs (60%), a large number had irregular antenatal check up (68.33%), (85%) of cases were primigravida, major group of patients (55%) belongs to lower socioeconomic condition. Maximum number of patient were below 37 gestational age (53.33%) and antepartum variety of eclampsia was commonest than any other (56.67%). Conclusion: Eclampsia is still a major health problem in India. It is basically a preventable disease if pregnant women get regular antenatal care and proper health education. By giving mass awareness towards the importance of antenatal care, ensuring early detection of symptoms of preeclampsia in peripheral hospitals and providing adequate treatment, the incidence of eclampsia can be reduced promptly.
Metastatic cancer cell attachment to endothelium is promoted by endothelial glycocalyx sialic acid degradation

Abstract While it is known that cancer cell interactions with vascular endothelial cells (ECs) drive metastatic cancer cell extravasation from blood vessels into secondary tumor sites, the mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that neuraminidase‐induced degradation of EC surface glycocalyx (GCX), particularly the sialic acid (SA) residue components of the GCX, will substantially increase metastatic cancer cell attachment to ECs. To our knowledge, our study is the first to isolate the role of GCX SA residues in cancer cell attachment to the endothelium, which were found to be differentially affected by the presence of neuraminidase and to indeed regulate metastatic cancer cell homing to ECs. We hope that this work will eventually translate to identification of EC GCX‐based cancer markers that can be therapeutically targeted to hinder the progression of metastasis.
Deliberate self-harm and suicide: a review from Pakistan

Suicide is now considered a major public health problem, especially in low income countries. A systematic review was conducted to identify risk factors and causes of deliberate self-harm and suicide in Pakistan – a Muslim, South Asian nation. In addition, the role of emergency department-based surveillance is explored. Four electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL Plus, MDConsult, PakMediNet) were searched and 23 studies were reviewed. Risk factors for deliberate self-harm included young age (less than 35 years), being female, occupation (housewives), being married and low socio-economic status; while reported risk factors for suicide were young age (less than 35 years), male gender, being married and low socio-economic status. Medications were commonly used for deliberate self-harm while firearm, hanging and organophosphorus poisoning were more frequent means for suicide. The most common reported cause for both health outcomes was interpersonal conflict. There is accumulating evidence that deliberate self-harm and suicide have increased in recent years in Pakistan. There is a need for greater attention and in-depth studies to elaborate on causative mechanisms for these public health issues.
A Closer Look at Child Mortality Among Adivasis in India

The authors use data from the National Family Health Survey 2005 to present age-specific patterns of child mortality among India's tribal (Adivasi) population. The analysis shows three clear findings. First, a disproportionately high number of child deaths are concentrated among Adivasis, especially in the 1-5 age group and in those states and districts where there is a high concentration of Adivasis. Any effort to reduce child morality in the aggregate will have to focus more squarely on lowering mortality among the Adivasis. Second, the gap in mortality between Adivasi children and the rest really appears after the age of one. In fact, before the age of one, tribal children face more or less similar odds of dying as other children. However, these odds significantly reverse later. This calls for a shift in attention from infant mortality or in general under-five mortality to factors that cause a wedge between tribal children and the rest between the ages of one and five. Third, the analysis goes contrary to the conventional narrative of poverty being the primary factor driving differences between mortality outcomes. Instead, the authors find that breaking down child mortality by age leads to a much more refined picture. Tribal status is significant even after controlling for wealth.
Preparing Faculty to Teach Online: Recommendations for Developing Self-Paced Training

 Abstract —As the popularity of online education increases and institutions seek to grow their online offerings to meet student demand, more faculty need to be trained to teach online. Campus offices such as Faculty Development centers are often tasked with training faculty for teaching online, many of whom my be adjuncts who cannot attend in-person training or commit to a specific timeframe for participation. In this paper, a flexible and customizable self-paced training model for preparing faculty to teach online is described and suggestions shared for institutions seeking to offer self-paced online professional development training opportunities for faculty.
The influence of head size in mobile remote presence (MRP) educational robots

In this paper, we examined how the presentation of a remote participant (in our context the remote teacher) in a mobile remote presence (MRP) system affects social interaction, such as closeness and engagement. Using ROBOSEM, a MRP robot, we explored the effect of the presentation of the remote teacher's head size shown on ROBOSEM's screen at three different levels: small, medium, and large. We hypothesized that a medium sized head of the remote teacher shown on the MRP system would be better than a small or large sized head in terms of closeness, engagement, and learning. Our preliminary study results suggest that the size of a remote teacher's head may have an impact on “students' perception of the remote teacher's closeness” and on “students' engagement”. However, we did not observe any difference in terms of “learning”.