Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome linkage screen for prostate cancer susceptibility loci: Results from the Mayo Clinic familial prostate cancer study

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men and has long been recognized to occur in familial clusters. Brothers and sons of affected men have a twofold to threefold increased risk of developing prostate cancer. However, identification of genetic susceptibility loci for prostate cancer has been extremely difficult. Several putative loci identified by genetic linkage have been reported to exist on chromosomes 1 (HPC1, PCAP, and CAPB), X (HPCX), 17 (HPC2), and 20 (HPC20), with genes RNASEL (HPC1) and ELAC2 (HPC2) tentatively defined. In this study, we report our genome linkage scan in 160 prostate cancer families, using the ABI Prism Linkage Mapping Set Version 2 with 402 microsatellite markers. The most significant linkage was found for chromosome 20, with a recessive model heterogeneity LOD score (HLOD) of 4.77, and a model‐free LOD score (LOD − ZLR) of 3.46 for the entire group of pedigrees. Linkage for chromosome 20 was most prominent among families with a late age of diagnosis (average age at diagnosis ≥ 66 years; maximum LOD − ZLR = 2.82), with <5 affected family members (LOD − ZLR = 3.02), with presence of hereditary prostate cancer (LOD − ZLR = 2.81), or with no male‐to‐male transmission of disease (LOD − ZLR = 3.84). No other chromosome showed significant evidence for linkage. However, chromosomes 6 and X showed suggestive results, with maximum LOD − ZLR values of 1.38 and 1.36, respectively. Subset analyses suggest additional chromosomal regions worth further follow‐up. Prostate 57: 335–346, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Orthotic control of rear foot and lower limb motion during running in participants with chronic Achilles tendon injury

This study examined the kinematic effects of orthoses in participants with a history of chronic Achilles tendon injury. Twelve participants ran at self-selected speeds on a treadmill with and without customized orthoses. Joint and segment angles including leg abduction, calcaneal, eversion, ankle dorsiflexion, and knee flexion angles were calculated from three-dimensional data throughout stance. Five footfalls were obtained for each participant and condition. Statistical tests revealed an increase in maximum eversion with orthoses . In the individual participant analysis, this was evident in 9 of 12 participants. Trends towards increased eversion range of motion and decreased ankle dorsiflexion maximum and range of motion angles were also observed. Increased eversion was unexpected as all devices were designed to provide pronation control as deemed necessary by the podiatrist. Despite this, participants reported between 50 and 100% (average 92%) relief from symptoms with the use of orthoses. Further analysis of the angle–time curves and coordination between angular measures is recommended.
The Effects of Inhaled Formaldehyde on Oxidant and Antioxidant Systems of Rat Cerebellum During the Postnatal Development Process

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the effects of formaldehyde (FA) inhalation during the early postnatal period on some oxidant and antioxidant systems of rat cerebellum in the developmental process and to determine whether the changes were reversible or not. After birth, 0 (control), 6, or 12 ppm FA5 was given to the neonatal rats throughout 30 days. This was done by placing them for 6 h/day and 5 day/week in a glass chamber containing FA vapor. After cessation of the FA exposing process, seven rats from each group were decapitated on postnatal day (PND) 30 and the remaining seven rats were decapitated on the PND 90, and all cerebellums were removed immediately. On samples, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) and activities of total superoxide dismutase (t-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) enzymes were measured. We found that activity of GSH-Px and levels of MDA and NO increased; on the other hand, activity of t-SOD decreased significantly in the rats treated with FA compared to control rats at PND 30. In general, the findings at PND 90 were similar to PND 30. Additionally, we observed that the 12-ppm FA-inhaling rats were more affected than the 6-ppm FA-inhaling rats, especially at PND 30. As a result, the present findings suggest that inhalation of FA during the early postnatal period affects the oxidant and antioxidant systems and increases some free radicals in the rat cerebellum in a dose-related manner. We think that these changes were carried on for a long time or may cause irreversible toxicity and oxidative damage.
Title Cigarette smoke-induced cerebral cortical interleukin-6 elevationis not mediated through oxidative stress

The author group has previously established an in vivo subchronic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure rat model, in which the systemic oxidative burden as well as the modulation of local anti-oxidative enzymes in the lung has been demonstrated. Oxidative stress has been shown to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine release, including interleukin (IL)-6 in the airways. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in IL-6 production, as well as the oxidative/anti-oxidative responses in the cerebral cortex using the same in vivo model. IL-6 was determined by RT-PCR and western-blot analysis. Local oxidative and anti-oxidative responses were determined by measuring cerebral cortical malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, and the reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio. Nitrite level was measured by fluorescent spectrophotometry. Our results demonstrated a significant increase in both IL-6 mRNA and protein levels. Reductions of SOD activity and manganese (Mn)SOD protein level were observed together with the increased level of superoxide measured by chemiluminescent signal, after 56 days of CS exposure. There were no significant changes in the cerebral cortical levels of MDA, AOPP, catalase activity, and the GSH/GSSG ratio. Nitrite level was significantly reduced, together with the decreased protein level of nNOS in the cerebral cortex, after 56 days of CS exposure. Our results suggest that exposure to CS induces IL-6 expression in the cerebral cortex, which is not mediated by the oxidative/anti-oxidative imbalance.
Is Postexercise Muscle Soreness a Valid Indicator of Muscular Adaptations?

ABSTRACT DELAYED ONSET MUSCLE SORENESS (DOMS) IS A COMMON SIDE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, PARTICULARLY OF A VIGOROUS NATURE. MANY EXERCISERS WHO REGULARLY PERFORM RESISTANCE TRAINING CONSIDER DOMS TO BE ONE OF THE BEST INDICATORS OF TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS, WITH SOME RELYING UPON THIS SOURCE AS A PRIMARY GAUGE. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES THE RELEVANCE OF USING DOMS TO ASSESS WORKOUT QUALITY.
Moduli Spaces of Lumps on Real Projective Space

Harmonic maps that minimise the Dirichlet energy in their homotopy classes are known as lumps. Lump solutions on real projective space are explicitly given by rational maps subject to a certain symmetry requirement. This has consequences for the behaviour of lumps and their symmetries. An interesting feature is that the moduli space of charge three lumps is a $7$-dimensional manifold of cohomogeneity one which can be described as a one-parameter family of symmetry orbits of $D_2$ symmetric maps. In this paper, we discuss the charge three moduli spaces of lumps from two perspectives: discrete symmetries of lumps and the Riemann-Hurwitz formula. We then calculate the metric and find explicit formulas for various geometric quantities. We also discuss the implications for lump decay.
DEMOGRAPHIC AND SLEEP CHARACTERISTICS IN COGNITIVELY IMPAIRED NURSING HOME RESIDENTS WITH AND WITHOUT SEVERE SLEEP/WAKE PATTERN INEFFICIENCY

This study determined the differences in demographic and sleep characteristics in cognitively impaired nursing home residents with and without severe sleep/wake pattern inefficiency. Identification of characteristics associated with severe sleep/wake pattern inefficiency will allow health care providers to make the best cost effective use of finite resources because they can target interventions towards those most likely to need them. This article reports the baseline characteristics of the total sample, compares the demographic and sleep characteristics of the subgroups with and without severe sleep/wake pattern inefficiency, and reviews related literature.
KPC-Like Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Colonizing Patients in Europe and Israel

ABSTRACT In a 2008-2011 survey, 17,945 patients in 18 hospital units in Europe and Israel were screened for carriage of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, resulting in identification of 124 positive patients. The isolates were dominated by Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 258 (ST258) KPC-2 and ST512 KPC-3, mainly from Greece and Italy, respectively, whereas Israeli isolates were of diverse species, clones, and KPC variants. Various blaKPC platforms were observed, among which IncFIIK-FIBK plasmids with blaKPC-2/-3 genes in the Tn4401a transposon prevailed.
Detection of Salmonella spp. in Hamburgers: a Comparison Between Modified Standard and Salmosyst Methods

Salmonella spp. was analyzed in beef and chicken and in beef hamburgers using two different microbiological methods with slight modifications in the biochemical test stage. Of the 80 hamburger samples analyzed, 22 (27.5%) were positive for Salmonella spp. , 10 (12.5%) beef and 12 (15%) chicken and beef hamburgers. Of the 22 positive samples, 11 (50.0%) were detected by the standard method alone, 5 (22.73%) by the Salmosyst method, and 6 (27.27%) were detected using both methods. Sensitivity and specificity of methods was investigated. The standard method was the most effective to identify real positive results, while Salmosyst method afforded to characterize real negative results. As for accuracy, both methods were acceptable to analyze Salmonella spp. in hamburgers. The importance of streaking Salmonella spp. colonies obtained using the TSI and LIA agars, with atypical characteristics 1 and 2 was also revealed, since these two sets of characteristics may be used to isolate atypical Salmonella spp. serotypes, which ferments lactose and Salmonella Parathyphi, which does not decarboxylate lysine, respectively. Secondary screening was efficient as regards the differentiation between Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. colonies.
Chromatin , Gene , and RNA Regulation Loss of the Nucleosome-Binding Protein HMGN 1 Affects the Rate of N-Nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice

We report that HMGN1, a nucleosome-binding protein that affects chromatin structure and function, affects the growth of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced liver tumors. Following a single DEN injection at 2 weeks of age, Hmgn1 mice, lacking the nucleosome-binding domain of HMGN1, had earlier signs of liver tumorigenesis than theirHmgn1þ/þ littermates. Detailed gene expression profiling revealed significant differences between DEN-injected and control saline–injected mice, but only minor differences between the injected Hmgn1 mice and their Hmgn1þ/þ littermates. Pathway analysis revealed that the most significant process affected by loss of HMGN1 involves the lipid/sterol metabolic pathway. Our study indicates that in mice, loss of HMGN1 leads to transcription changes that accelerate the progression of DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, without affecting the type of tumors or the final total tumor burden of these mice. Implications: Loss of HMGN1 leads to accelerated progression of DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Mol Cancer Res; 12(1); 82–90. 2013 AACR.
“Oh, That's a Bit of a Nuisance”: Community‐dwelling Clients' Perspectives of Urinary Continence Health Service Provision

Objective This study explored clients' perspectives of urinary continence service provision for community-dwelling people from a primary health care perspective. Design For this interpretive study, data were collected from 11 clients via in-depth interviews and a questionnaire eliciting demographic details and written comment. A focus group was also held with 7 people belonging to an existing continence self-help group. Results Clients indicated that appropriate and acceptable continence care was accessible, affordable, and based on accurate knowledge. They valued practitioners who were empathetic, interested, had good networks, and could assist in practical ways. They looked for explanation, information, and discussion, often finding this when they accessed continence specialists. However, they often found it difficult to access this type of care, with many clients finding that urinary incontinence was treated as a secondary issue or a nuisance by generalist health practitioners. Clients believed that many health practitioners lacked knowledge and/or interest in urinary incontinence. In particular, there was very poor transitional care between hospital and community. The cost of consulting a health practitioner was seen as secondary to the cost of continence equipment and aids. Conclusions This study found that the principles of primary health care were not being realized in generalist continence care. Client-centered services that address individual needs, relationships, psychological factors, emotional needs, financial circumstances, social contexts, and lifestyle factors, particularly in transition between sectors, are needed.
The impact of purpose, people and technology on the virtual project team

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the growing body of research into virtual teams by using empirical data to validate existing theory. It analyses a project in the travel and tourism industry to determine the key elements that contributed to a successful outcome.Design/methodology/approach – An ethnographic approach is used in this case of a multi‐national, multi‐organisational virtual project tasked with market validation of an ontology management system. Participant observation is supported by a range of primary and secondary data.Findings – The importance of key factors changes over the time of the project. The early emphasis on constructs relating to technology and purpose moves towards those related to people as the project matured. The caretaker/gatekeeper role of the project leader made a significant contribution to overcoming problems of complexity. A lack of commitment to a range of information technologies heightened the reliance on periodic face‐to‐face meetings to support.
Hypoxia promotes isocitrate dehydrogenase-dependent carboxylation of α-ketoglutarate to citrate to support cell growth and viability

Citrate is a critical metabolite required to support both mitochondrial bioenergetics and cytosolic macromolecular synthesis. When cells proliferate under normoxic conditions, glucose provides the acetyl-CoA that condenses with oxaloacetate to support citrate production. Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle anaplerosis is maintained primarily by glutamine. Here we report that some hypoxic cells are able to maintain cell proliferation despite a profound reduction in glucose-dependent citrate production. In these hypoxic cells, glutamine becomes a major source of citrate. Glutamine-derived α-ketoglutarate is reductively carboxylated by the NADPH-linked mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2) to form isocitrate, which can then be isomerized to citrate. The increased IDH2-dependent carboxylation of glutamine-derived α-ketoglutarate in hypoxia is associated with a concomitant increased synthesis of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in cells with wild-type IDH1 and IDH2. When either starved of glutamine or rendered IDH2-deficient by RNAi, hypoxic cells are unable to proliferate. The reductive carboxylation of glutamine is part of the metabolic reprogramming associated with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1), as constitutive activation of HIF1 recapitulates the preferential reductive metabolism of glutamine-derived α-ketoglutarate even in normoxic conditions. These data support a role for glutamine carboxylation in maintaining citrate synthesis and cell growth under hypoxic conditions.
A Multi-task Approach for Named Entity Recognition in Social Media Data

Named Entity Recognition for social media data is challenging because of its inherent noisiness. In addition to improper grammatical structures, it contains spelling inconsistencies and numerous informal abbreviations. We propose a novel multi-task approach by employing a more general secondary task of Named Entity (NE) segmentation together with the primary task of fine-grained NE categorization. The multi-task neural network architecture learns higher order feature representations from word and character sequences along with basic Part-of-Speech tags and gazetteer information. This neural network acts as a feature extractor to feed a Conditional Random Fields classifier. We were able to obtain the first position in the 3rd Workshop on Noisy User-generated Text (WNUT-2017) with a 41.86% entity F1-score and a 40.24% surface F1-score.
[The childhood trauma screener (CTS) - development and validation of cut-off-scores for classificatory diagnostics].

OBJECTIVES Childhood abuse and neglect are associated with worse physical and mental health outcomes. There is some evidence, that the CTS is a brief and valid screening tool. To support the application of the CTS for categorical diagnostics cut-offs will be identified and validated. METHODS Based on two large-scale population studies suitable cut-off-scores for the different dimensions of childhood abuse and neglect were identified due to comparable case identification rates in the CTS compared with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The cut-off-scores were validated with respect to depression as an external criterion. RESULTS Suitable cut-off-scores were identified for all subscales in both samples. The cases and non-cases according to the cut-off-scores differed significantly regarding the severity of depressive symptoms and the prevalence of depression. Good to very good sensitivity and specificity of the CTS-items and the related subscales of the CTQ are shown, except for the dimension "physical neglect". CONCLUSION With the help of the cut-off-scores it is possible to use the CTS for categorical diagnostics, especially in large-scale studies with two-step diagnostic approaches.
Estimation of serum copper and zinc levels in oral submucous fibrosis: an atomic absorption spectroscopic study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Biochemical derangements of microelements although reported in oral cancer is poorly understood in oral submucous fbrosis (OSMF). Hence, the present study was carried out to estimate and compare the serum copper and zinc levels among different histopathological stages of OSMF with that of healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty histopathologically diagnosed cases of OSMF and 30 healthy controls reporting to MS Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital (MSRDCH), Bengaluru, were included in the study. The histopathological staging of OSMF was done as per criteria given by Pindborg and Sirsat (1966). Blood samples were collected and the serum copper and zinc levels were estimated using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results were statistically analyzed using independent t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS The mean serum copper levels were increased (p < 0.0005) and zinc levels were decreased (p < 0.01) in OSMF patients when compared to that of controls. The mean serum copper levels showed an increasing trend from stage I to IV (p = 0.004) while zinc levels showed a decreasing trend from stage I to IV (p = 0.04) in OSMF patients. CONCLUSION The serum copper and zinc levels in OSMF showed a signifcant difference in comparison to that of controls and between the histopathological stages. These fndings indicate that serum copper and zinc may have a contributory role in the etiopathogenesis of OSMF. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although the role of the trace elements as etiological factors is minor, derangements noted in the serum copper and zinc levels could be correlated with diseased progression and possibly explain the transformation of OSMF into malignancy. Thus, they can be used as prognostic markers and can be of value for proactive intervention.
Presynaptic action of adenosine on a 4‐aminopyridine‐sensitive current in the rat carotid body

1 Plasma adenosine concentration increases during hypoxia to a level that excites carotid body chemoreceptors by an undetermined mechanism. We have examined this further by determining the electrophysiological responses to exogenous adenosine of sinus nerve chemoafferents in vitro and of whole‐cell currents in isolated type I cells. 2 Steady‐state, single‐fibre chemoafferent discharge was increased approximately 5‐fold above basal levels by 100 μM adenosine. This adenosine‐stimulated discharge was reversibly and increasingly reduced by methoxyverapamil (D600, 100 μM), by application of nickel chloride (Ni2+, 2 mM) and by removal of extracellular Ca2+. These effects strongly suggest a presynaptic, excitatory action of adenosine on type I cells of the carotid body. 3 Adenosine decreased whole‐cell outward currents at membrane potentials above ‐40 mV in isolated type I cells recorded during superfusion with bicarbonate‐buffered saline solution at 34–36 °C. This effect was reversible and concentration dependent with a maximal effect at 10 μM. 4 The degree of current inhibition induced by 10 μM adenosine was voltage independent (45.39 ± 2.55% (mean ± s.e.m.) between −40 and +30 mV) and largely (∼75%), but not entirely, Ca2+ independent. 4‐Aminopyridine (4‐AP, 5 mM) decreased the amplitude of the control outward current by 80.60 ± 3.67% and abolished the effect of adenosine. 5 Adenosine was without effect upon currents near the resting membrane potential of approximately −55 mV and did not induce depolarization in current‐clamp experiments. 6 We conclude that adenosine acts to inhibit a 4‐AP‐sensitive current in isolated type I cells of the rat carotid body and suggest that this mechanism contributes to the chemoexcitatory effect of adenosine in the whole carotid body.
Awareness of salt restriction and actual salt intake in hypertensive patients at a hypertension clinic and general clinic

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate awareness of salt restriction and actual salt intake in hypertensive patients at a hypertension clinic and general clinic. Subjects included 330 patients, with a mean age of 69 ± 12 years, who were followed at a hypertension clinic and 200 patients, with a mean age of 67 ± 11 years, who were followed at a general clinic. We estimated 24-h salt excretion using spot urine samples and checked the awareness of salt intake using a self-description questionnaire. The number of antihypertensive drugs available at the hypertension clinic was significantly higher than that at the general clinic (2.2 ± 1.1 versus 1.6 ± 0.9, p < 0.01); however, no significant difference was observed in office systolic blood pressure between the two groups. Urinary salt excretion was significantly lower at the hypertension clinic than at the general clinic (8.7 ± 2.5 versus 9.3 ± 2.5 g/d, p < 0.01). The rate of achievement of salt intake <6 g/d was 15% at the hypertension clinic and 6% at the general clinic. In patients with excessive salt intake (≥10 g/d), 28% of patients at the hypertensive clinic and 23% at the general clinic thought that their salt intake was low. Urinary salt excretion in hypertensive patients was lower at a hypertensive clinic than at a general clinic. This may be due to the professional nutritional guidance at the hypertension clinic. However, most patients could not comply with the guidelines, and the awareness of salt restriction in patients with excessive salt intake was low.