Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring The Transportation Service for Tourists: A Strategic Issue of Small Island Tourism in Nusa Penida

This paper reports on an initial part of a study on strategic issues facing small island tourism. More specifically, this study explored the transportation service available in the island of Nusa Penida, an emerging tourist destination in Bali. The rational of this study was that limited research that particularly focused on the transportation aspect within the small island tourism literature has been conducted. In fact, one of the crucial facilities to promote small island destinations is the availability of adequate transportation to enter and exit the island, as well as to explore inside the island. As such, it is arguably essential to understand small island tourism from this perspective. Data were collected from 9 respondents using interview method. In addition, observation was also conducted to verify and qualify data gathered from the interview. Data were analyzed using a qualitative approach. The study revealed a wide range of issues within the transportation context. There was only one mode of transportation to reach the island, that is, by boat. Most respondents expressed their appreciation toward the increased number of boat operated for this island, although there were several concerns reported by the majority of respondents. In addition, within the island, motor bike was likely to be more popular alternative than car rental. Discussion on the passengers’ experience in using the transportation service as well as the identification of its strengths and weaknesses including potential issues surrounding this topic are presented throughout the paper. Limitation and direction for future research are also provided. Keywords—exploratory study; small island tourism; strategic issues; transportation service
Risk of cross-colonization and infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a holiday camp for cystic fibrosis patients

The risk of cross-colonization and subsequent infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in holiday camps for cystic fibrosis patients was studied in 91 children by culturing sputum at their arrival, at their departure, 2 months later, and at regular intervals thereafter. The isolated strains were subjected to serotyping, phage typing, pyocin typing, and genotyping by random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting-PCR. It was concluded from random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting-PCR typing that the Pseudomonas flora was not constant in most children. Some children harbored one genotype, whereas some harbored two or more different genotypes simultaneously. Most culture-positive children easily acquired a strain of another genotype which replaced the former one or coexisted with the original one. The incidence of sputum conversion was 7.7% in previously negative children; the incidence of permanent colonization and infection was 1.9%. This risk was comparable with that observed in the community. We conclude that the risk of cross-infection is trivial compared with the obvious joy and social benefit derived from a holiday camp.
Gastric myoelectrical activity, gastric emptying and correlations with dyspepsia symptoms in patients with gastroesophageal reflux.

BACKGROUND Delayed gastric emptying is a mechanism that contributes to the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux. Electrogastrogram changes, gastric emptying rates, and Helicobacter pylori status were investigated, and a correlation was sought with dyspepsia symptoms in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients. METHODS Fifty patients (27 females; mean age 43) with gastroesophageal reflux were studied. Electrogastrographic recordings were obtained 30 minutes before and simultaneously with a 2-hour radionuclide gastric-emptying test using an isotope-labeled solid meal. Symptoms of nausea, abdominal bloating, abdominal pain, and early satiety were graded from 0 to 5. RESULTS Thirty-six percent of patients had delayed gastric eliminating. Thirty-eight percent (19/50) patients had abnormal electrogastrograms, and 11 of these 19 also had delayed gastric emptying. There was a significant difference in the electrogastrographic parameter of postprandial power change in patients with delayed versus normal gastric emptying (0.20 +/- 0.8 dB vs 3.17 +/- 0.8 dB, p < 0.05). In patients with an abnormal electrogastrogram, the mean symptom score was significantly higher than in patients with a normal electrogastrogram (2.18 +/- 0.26 vs 1.35 +/- 0.16, p < 0.05). Twenty-one percent (7/33) of patients were positive (+) for Helicobacter pylori overall, but this did not seem to affect electrogastrogram and gastric emptying findings. CONCLUSIONS Fifty-two percent of gastroesophageal reflux disease patients have gastric motor or myoelectrical abnormalities that contribute to the pathogenesis of this entity and also help explain the high prevalence of dyspepsia in the clinical presentation of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Attribution Bias, Blame, and Strategic Confusion in Punishment Decisions

Disentangling the roles of intentional effort and luck is critical when evaluating decisions made by others under uncertainty. Previous research shows that this can be a very difficult task. In a principalagent experiment where an agent’s effort is always perfectly observable, we find an undue influence of luck on punishment decisions made by principals. Our experiment identifies attribution bias as a mechanism behind this behavior—lucky agents are perceived to exert more effort than unlucky ones. We test the sophistication of both the principals and agents about this bias. Agents show positive willingness to pay for control over the principal’s access to information about luck but principals show no demand to eliminate news about the agent’s luck from their information set. We replicate these findings with third parties tasked with punishing agents, and consider policy implications for what information should be available to principals. JEL Classification: C92, D63
Multispecies comparisons of adaptability to climate change: A role for life‐history characteristics?

Abstract Phenological advancement allows individuals to adapt to climate change by timing life‐history events to the availability of key resources so that individual fitness is maximized. However, different trophic levels may respond to changes in their environment at different rates, potentially leading to a phenological mismatch. This may be especially apparent in the highly seasonal arctic environment that is experiencing the effects of climate change more so than any other region. During a 14‐year study near Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow), Alaska, we estimated phenological advancement in egg laying in relation to snowmelt for eight arctic‐breeding shorebirds and investigated potential linkages to species‐specific life‐history characteristics. We found that snowmelt advanced 0.8 days/year—six times faster than the prior 60‐year period. During this same time, six of the eight species exhibited phenological advancement in laying dates (varying among species from 0.1 to 0.9 days earlier per year), although no species appeared capable of keeping pace with advancing snowmelt. Phenological changes were likely the result of high phenotypic plasticity, as all species investigated in this study showed high interannual variability in lay dates. Commonality among species with similar response rates to timing of snowmelt suggests that nesting later and having an opportunistic settlement strategy may increase the adaptability of some species to changing climate conditions. Other life‐history characteristics, such as migration strategy, previous site experience, and mate fidelity did not influence the ability of individuals to advance laying dates. As a failure to advance egg laying is likely to result in greater phenological mismatch, our study provides an initial assessment of the relative risk of species to long‐term climatic changes.
In search of the emotional self: an fMRI study using positive and negative emotional words.

OBJECTIVE The authors used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to define the neural regions mediating self-referential processing of emotional stimuli and to explore how these regions are influenced by the emotional valence of the stimulus. METHOD Ten healthy subjects were presented with words describing positive and negative personality traits during fMRI scanning in three different conditions. In the self-referential processing condition, subjects judged whether they thought each trait described them. In the other-referential processing condition, subjects judged whether the stimulus described a generally desirable trait. In the letter-recognition control condition, subjects indicated whether the word contained a specific target letter. RESULTS The self-referential condition induced bilateral activation in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, whereas the other-referential condition induced activation in lateral prefrontal areas. Activation in the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex was unique to the self-referential condition regardless of the valence of the words, although positive words produced a more robust activation than did negative words. In the self-referential condition, differences between the processing of positive and negative words were seen in regions outside the medial frontal cortex, with reductions in the insula, temporal and occipital regions, and inferior parietal regions associated with negative words. CONCLUSIONS A widely distributed network of brain areas contributes to emotional processing. Among these regions, the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex is one main area mediating self-reference. By providing a personal perspective in the evaluation of emotional stimuli, the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex may mediate cognitive processes, such as those involved in psychotherapy, that guide self-regulation of emotional experience.
Arachidonylethanolamide Induces Apoptosis of Human Glioma Cells through Vanilloid Receptor‐1

The anti-tumor properties of cannabinoids have recently been evidenced, mainly with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). However, the clinical application of this drug is limited by possible undesirable side effects due to a broad expression of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). An attractive field of research therefore is to identify molecules with more selective tumor targeting. This is particularly important for malignant gliomas, considering their poor prognosis and their location in the brain. Here we investigated whether the most potent endogenous cannabinoid, arachidonylethanolamide (AEA), could be a candidate. We observed that AEA induced apoptosis in long-term and recently established glioma cell lines via aberrantly expressed vanilloid receptor-1 (VR1). In contrast with their role in THC-mediated death, both CB1 and CB2 partially protected glioma against AEA-induced apoptosis. These data show that the selective targeting of VR1 by AEA or more stable analogues is an attractive research area for the treatment of glioma.
Drug-induced parkinsonism following chronic methamphetamine use by a patient on haloperidol decanoate

This report attempts to highlight that use of an antipsychotic and concurrent chronic use of methamphetamine can cause drug-induced parkinsonism. Methamphetamine is usually not encountered in the list of agents that induce drug-induced parkinsonism and so its consideration particularly during chronic use by a patient who is also on an antipsychotic is worthwhile because of its popularity as an illegal narcotic. This case report describes just such a case of drug-induced parkinsonism which is a subacute syndrome that mimics Parkinson’s disease. Although less alarming than dystonia, it is more common, more difficult to treat and can be the cause of significant disability during maintenance treatment especially in the elderly. In most cases, symptoms are reversible in days or weeks, but occasionally, especially in the elderly, or if long-acting injectable antipsychotics are used—as in this case—symptoms may last for weeks or months. The report also illustrates the neuronal workings due to chronic methamphetamine-use and the additive effects of dopamine blockade by antipsychotics such as haloperidol.
Performance on Traditional Matching to Sample, Non‐Matching to Sample, and Object Discrimination Tasks by 12‐ to 32‐Month‐Old Children

Children 12 to 36 months old were tested on DMS, DNMS, and object discrimination tasks in a WGTA with procedures that closely followed those used previously with monkeys. Mastery of DNMS showed a clear developmental progression. The youngest children (12-15 months old) required extensive training, and they failed to reach criterion until they were 15-18 months old. The differentially slower learning of the youngest children cannot be attributed to "performance" deficits (perceptual, motivational, or associational inabilities) or the inability to make 2-part responses, because a test of object discrimination showed that even 12-month-old children can perform with accuracy in the WGTA testing situation. Analysis of learning curves along with additional tests of memory provided evidence that the youngest children are (1) less proficient in learning the novelty-reward rule and (2) less proficient in memory for a particular stimulus item. Furthermore, we found that a task that we think requires learning two rules, a DMS task, was even more difficult for children to master. These results together with data collected on brain-damaged humans and monkeys indicate that the DNMS and DMS tasks, when applied to children, may provide insight into the functional maturation of brain areas responsible for memory, rule-learning, and behavioral inhibition.
ADMA - A New Multiple Access System

The autocorrelation division multiple access system (ADMA) is a new multiple access system that is for MIMO wireless communication under "strong" co-channel interferences, such as the case in the unlicensed spectrum. The key element of ADMA system is the ADMA filter. In theory, the ADMA filter when perfectly computed can eliminate all co-channel interferences and multiple access interferences regardless of their strength. The ADMA system is a multiple access system that is developed for the computation of the ADMA filter to the 100% accuracy even under strong interferences. Simulation shows that under strong interferences (SIR = 30 dB), the ADMA filter can be obtained with a precision better than 99%. It further shows that with this filter, the strength of interferences is significantly reduced; the SINR at the output of the filter is constant at 15.2 dB over a range of values of SIR from 10 dB to 30 dB. Finally, it shows that with this ADMA filter, the ADMA system can achieve an uncoded bit-error rate at less than 10~ when SIR is at 30 dB.
SCALA—A Scalable Rail-based Multirobot System for Large Space Automation: Design and Development

In this paper, a prototype of the SCAlable ModuLar (SCALA) multiagent robotic system is developed and implemented. This system for automation in large spaces relies on mobile agents that move on a planar and modular mesh of rails with embedded accurate positioning sensors. Groups of three mobile agents are joined together to drive a parallel manipulator, thus allowing fine manipulation tasks to be performed on a large workspace. The mechanical, mechatronics, and control solutions adopted on the prototype are reported and discussed, as well as its performance on the several tests performed.
Antioxidant health messages in Canadian women's magazines.

PURPOSE Recently, antioxidants have taken centre stage in media and advertising messages. While 80% of Canadians think they are well-informed about nutrition, many are confused about the health effects of specific nutrients. Forty-six percent of Canadians seek information from newspapers and books, and 67% of women rely on magazines. We examined the content and accuracy of antioxidant health messages in Canadian women's magazines. METHODS The top three Canadian magazines targeted at women readers were selected. A screening tool was developed, pilot tested, and used to identify eligible articles. A coding scheme was created to define variables, which were coded and analyzed. RESULTS Seventy-seven percent of 36 magazine issues contained articles that mentioned antioxidants (n=56). Seventy-one percent (n=40) of articles reported positive health effects related to antioxidant consumption, and 36% and 40% of those articles framed those effects as definite and potential, respectively (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The articles sampled conveyed messages about positive antioxidant health effects that are not supported by current evidence. Improved standards of health reporting are needed. Nutrition professionals may need to address this inaccuracy when they develop communications on antioxidants and health risk.
Measurement of the series elastic component at various times during a single muscle twitch

It is well known that active striated muscle behaves as a two-component system of active contractile components in series with passive elastic ones (see, for example, Levin & Wyman, 1927; Hill, 1938, 1953; Katz, 1939; Wilkie, 1950). The contractile component is brought into being within 10 msec of a stimulus; it remains in full activity for about 50 msec, then disappears with a characteristic time course over the following 300 msec. All these times refer to frog's sartorius at 00 C; they are approximately halved for each 100 C rise in temperature (Hill, 1951; Macpherson & Wilkie, 1953; Ritchie, 1954). But what of the series elastic component? Is it there all the time or does it also vary from moment to moment after the stimulus?
Identifying Food Swamps Based on Area-Level Socioeconomic Patterning of Retail Food Environments in Winnipeg, Canada

A gap in Canadian food environment research concerning Winnipeg’s food swamps is addressed using geographical assessment of socio-demographic factors. Food swamp locations were identified using (1) a composite index of socioeconomic deprivation, (2) restaurant accessibility (Euclidean distance to nearest restaurant), and (3) restaurant clustering across 5740 Dissemination Blocks (DBs) in Winnipeg. Restaurants included fast food (FFR), sit-down (SDR) and coffee shop establishments combined (ALL). DBs with high deprivation levels, close restaurant access, and signi0 cant clustering of restaurants were identi0 ed as food swamps. Significant differences in restaurant access were observed between low and high socioeconomic deprivation levels, where the most socioeconomically deprived populations in Winnipeg had easier access to highly clustered restaurants. A total 3.74 km2 of Winnipeg was designated as food swamps (ALL), impacting 10,053 (1.6%) people. We conclude that a breadth of policies is required to address food security in Winnipeg, as ~65% of the food swamps coincide with food deserts or food mirages observed by Wiebe et al. (2016).
Incidence and Economic Implications of Heparin‐Induced Thrombocytopenia in Medical Patients Receiving Prophylaxis for Venous Thromboembolism

Study Objectives. To determine the incidence of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) in patients admitted to a medical service who were given unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) to prevent venous thromboembolism, the incremental cost of developing HIT, and the cost consequences of using LMWH to prevent venous thromboembolism in medical patients.
Recognition system by neural network for additional learning

The authors propose a neural network (NN) model for pattern recognition which can learn new patterns without losing patterns memorized in the past. This model is called a neural network based on distance between patterns (NDP). The NDP uses the radial basis function (RBF) as the response function in place of the sigmoid function. The response function is a smooth function similar to the Gaussian base function and the probability density function. The response function learns patterns faster than the multilayered perceptron (MLP) as well as other RBF NNs. The most salient architectural feature of the NDP is self-organization by adding nodes in the output layer one by one. The NDP also varies the curve of the response function by tuning the center and the width of the response function, and separates the input space into regions for each category appropriately.
Blockly goes to work: Block-based programming for industrial robots

The block-based approach to programming is an effective way to engage young learners in programming and the powerful ideas of computing. In this paper, we explore the potential of using this same approach in a very different programming context: industrial robotics. Using a customized language built with the Blockly library, we created a block-based interface for programming a one-armed industrial robot. This paper presents a block-based robot programming language called Robot Blockly, focusing on how the various affordances of block-based programming were utilized to make the challenge of robot programming more accessible. We also present results from a small-scale study showing adults with no prior programming experience successfully programming a virtual robot to accomplish a pick and place task. The contribution of this work is in showing the potential for block-based programming beyond young learners and classrooms.
Odor‐stimulated glutamatergic neurotransmission in the zebrafish olfactory bulb

The role of glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the zebrafish olfactory bulb (OB) was established by examining neuronal activation following 1) glutamate receptor agonist stimulation of isolated olfactory bulbs and 2) odorant stimulation of intact fish. Four groups of neurons (mitral cells, projection neurons; granule cells, juxtaglomerular cells, and tyrosine hydroxylase‐containing cells; interneurons) were identified on the basis of cell size, cell location, ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) agonist/odorant sensitivity, and glutamate, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. Immunoreactive glutamate levels were highest in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and mitral cells, the putative glutamatergic neurons. The sensitivity of bulbar neurons to iGluR agonists and odorants was established using a cationic channel permeant probe, agmatine (AGB). Agmatine that permeated agonist‐ or odor‐activated iGluRs was fixed in place with glutaraldehyde and detected immunohistochemically. N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) and α‐amino‐3‐hydroxyl‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionic acid (AMPA)/kainic acid (KA) iGluR agonists and odorants (glutamine, taurocholic acid) stimulated activity‐dependent labeling of bulbar neurons, which was blocked with a mixture of the iGluR antagonists, D‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphono‐valeric acid (APV) and 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX). The AMPA/KA antagonist CNQX completely blocked glutamine‐stimulated AGB labeling of granule cells and tyrosine hydroxylase‐containing cells, suggesting that, in these cell types, AMPA/KA receptor activation is essential for NMDA receptor activation. However, blocking AMPA/KA receptor activity failed to eliminate AGB labeling of mitral cells or juxtaglomerular cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the zebrafish OB and that iGluR subtypes function heterogeneously in the bulbar neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 454:294–309, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.