Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taking the stairs instead: The impact of workplace design standards on health promotion strategies.

BACKGROUND Comprehensive health promotion in Western Australia has been conducted from the point of views of policy development, promotion, education and service delivery. Much of this recent work has been focused on supporting workplaces - but there has yet to be any real focus on the design of the actual physical workplace environment from a health promotion perspective. AIMS This paper is aimed at highlighting the gap in health promotion knowledge by addressing how the disciplines of architecture and health promotion can work together to challenge the regulations that dictate design practice and ultimately bridge that gap for long-term change. The overarching aim is to undertake further evidenced-based research that will inform best practice in the planning and design of workplaces to reduce sedentary behaviour and increase opportunities for physical activity. METHOD Within this wide objective this paper focuses in particular on the idea of stairs-versus-lift movement strategies within office buildings. By examining building design guidelines from a health promotion perspective we expose a central dichotomy, where health promotion posters say "Take the stairs instead" whereas the language of building design suggests that the lift is best. RESULTS From a design point of view, the National Codes of Construction (NCC), formally known as the Building Codes of Australia (BCA), the essential technical regulation for all building design and construction, primarily addresses the concepts of 'egress' and 'travel distance' for escape in the event of fire, and building access in terms of universal access. Additionally, The Property Council of Australia's Guide to Office Building Quality prioritises lift performance criteria along with the quality and experience of lift use as a major grading factor. There is no provision in either set of standards for staircase quality and experience. CONCLUSION The stairs, despite being promoted as better life choice for better health, is not promoted through these building codes nor, consequently, through the building design in actuality. It is proposed that health promotion strategies could be coupled with design-led movement strategies in workplace design so that the promotional language, such as "take the stairs instead", is balanced by the design language of the building.
Interruption of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment

Background Abrupt interruption of therapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been associated with somatic and psychological symptoms. Aims Systematically to assess symptoms and effects on daily functioning related to interruption of SSRI therapy. Method Patients treated with fluoxetine, setraline or paroxetine underwent identical five-day periods of treatment interruption and continued active treatment under double-blind, order-randomised conditions, with regular assessment of new symptoms. Results Placebo substitution for paroxetine was associated with increases in the number and severity of adverse events following the second missed dose, and increases in functional impairment at five days. Placebo substitution for sertraline resulted in less pronounced changes, while interruption of fluoxetine was not associated with any significant increase in symptomatology. Conclusions Abrupt interruption of SSRI treatment can result in a syndrome characterised by specific physical and psychological symptoms. Incidence, timing and severity of symptoms vary among SSRIs in a fashion that appears to be related to plasma elimination characteristics.
Earlier Initialization of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Is Associated With Long-Term Survival and Is Cost-Effective: Findings From a Deterministic Model of a 10-Year Ugandan Cohort

Background:Raising the guidelines for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings at CD4+ T-cell counts of 350 cells per microliter raises concerns about feasibility and cost. We examined costs of this shift using data from Uganda for almost 10 years. Methods:We projected total costs of earlier initiation with combined antiretroviral therapy, including inpatient and outpatient services, antiretroviral treatment and treatment for limited HIV-related opportunistic diseases, and benefits expressed in years-of-life-saved over 5- and 30-year time horizons using a deterministic economic model to examine the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), expressed in cost per year-of-life-saved (YLS). Results:The model generated ICERs for 5- and 30-year time horizons. Discounting both costs and benefits at 3% annually, for the 5-year analysis, the ICER was $695/YLS and $769 in the 30-year analysis. The results were most sensitive to program cost and the discount rate applied, but they were less sensitive to opportunistic infection treatment costs or the relative-risk reduction from earlier initiation. Program costs varied from 25% to 125%, and the ICER for the lower bound decreased to $491/YLS at 5-years and $574/YLS at 30 years. For the upper bound, the ICER increased to $899 for 5-years and $964 at 30-years. The budget impact of adoption, assuming the same level of program penetration in the community, is $261,651,942 for 5 years and $872,685,561 for 30 years. Conclusions:Our model showed that earlier initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy in Uganda is associated with improved long-term survival and is highly cost-effective, as defined by WHO-CHOICE.
Superinfection exclusion by bacteriophage T7

Only two of the early genes of bacteriophage T7 were found to play a significant role in exclusion of superinfecting bacteriophage T3 particles; genes 0.3 and 1. Protein synthesis by the preinfecting phage particle was not required for efficient exclusion. These findings are discussed with regard to the known functions of these genes during T7 development.
Effect of fertilization on biological activity of community of soil streptomycetes Vplyv hnojenia na biologickú aktivitu pôdneho spoločenstva streptomycét

The search for new natural mechanisms to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic microorganisms has become widely widespread. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was determination of antimicrobial activities of actinomycetes isolated from agricultural soil, which was fertilized mainly by organic fertilizers, against 8 selected phytopathogenic strains. Among the actinomycetes, Streptomyces species have been extensively studied, because they have been recognized as an important source of secondary metabolites, which can suppress the growth of undesirable pests in crops. The results indicated that the richest source of Streptomyces colonies was soil fertilized with compost (103 x10 CFU*g dry soil). On the basis of morphological signs, total of 65 isolates were selected and examined for antimicrobial activities. Isolates exhibited the best activity against Gram negative bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, disease agent of “ring rot” of potatoes and against fungus Fusarium poae, disease agent of Fusarium head blight of wheat. Twelve isolates exhibited promising broad-spectrum activity against tested organisms. On the basis of results, six of them were selected for further screening. Comparison of polyphasic studies with available literature led to identification of biological active strains S. olivochromogenes (13SC11), S. avermitilis (13SC2), S. rishiriensis (13SC13), S. globisporus (13SC19), S. sampsonii (13SPC10) and S. avidinii (13SPC4). After quantification analysis of various enzymes, tested isolates produced alkaline phosphatase, leucinearylamidase, valinearylamidase, acid phosphatase, naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, glucosidase in high values (>40 nmol) and were positive for nitrate reduction, hydrolysis of gelatin, urease, and esculin. These isolates can be used in the development of new biopesticides anf biofertilizers with antibacterial and antifungal effect.
Occupational dermatitis to 2,3‐epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride

4 workers developed hand dermatitis in an automated starch modification process plant. 2,3‐epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (EPTMAC), a quaternary ammonium compound used as a cationizing chemical, produced allergic reactions in all 4 patients. They had only been in contact with EPTMAC for a shore time before developing dermatitis, which indicates that EPTMAC is a strong sensitizer.
Test Collections and Measures for Evaluating Customer-Helpdesk Dialogues

We address the problem of evaluating textual, task-oriented dialogues between the customer and the helpdesk, such as those that take the form of online chats. As an initial step towards evaluating automatic helpdesk dialogue systems, we have constructed a test collection comprising 3,700 real Customer-Helpdesk multiturn dialogues by mining Weibo, a major Chinese social media. We have annotated each dialogue with multiple subjective quality annotations and nugget annotations, where a nugget is a minimal sequence of posts by the same utterer that helps towards problem solving. In addition, 10% of the dialogues have been manually translated into English. We have made our test collection DCH-1 publicly available for research purposes. We also propose a simple nugget-based evaluation measure for task-oriented dialogue evaluation, which we call UCH, and explore its usefulness and limitations.
Recipient NOD2/CARD15 status affects cellular infiltrates in human intestinal graft‐versus‐host disease

Nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 2/caspase recruitment domain 15 (NOD2/CARD15) polymorphisms have been identified as risk factors of both Crohn's disease and graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, the role of these receptors of innate immunity in the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal GVHD is still poorly defined. Immunohistological features of intestinal GVHD were analysed in gastrointestinal biopsies from 58 patients obtained at the time of first onset of intestinal symptoms. The observed changes were correlated with concomitant risk factors and the presence of polymorphisms within the pathogen recognition receptor gene NOD2/CARD15. Intestinal GVHD was associated with a stage‐dependent decrease in CD4 T cell infiltrates and an increase in CD8 T cells in the lamina propria; CD8 infiltrates correlated with extent of apoptosis and consecutive epithelial proliferation. The presence of NOD2/CARD15 variants in the recipient was associated with a significant loss of CD4 T cells: in a semiquantitative analysis, the median CD4 score for patients with wild‐type NOD2/CARD15 was 1·1 (range 3), but only 0·4 (range 2) for patients with variants (P = 0·002). This observation was independent from severity of GVHD in multivariate analyses and could not be explained by the loss of forkhead box P3+ T cells. Our results suggest a loss of protective CD4 T cells in intestinal GVHD which is enhanced further by the presence of NOD2/CARD15 variants. Our study might help to identify more selective therapeutic strategies in the future.
Retroperitoneal sarcoma: the University of Florida experience.

BACKGROUND Retroperitoneal sarcomas are rare mesenchymal neoplasms. Analysis of their characteristics and their impact upon a particular patient population is of significant importance to the surgeon. From 1970 to 1994, 63 adult patients underwent resection of primary retroperitoneal sarcomas at the University of Florida. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective analysis was performed to determine the biologic behavior of these tumors, surgical management of primary and recurrent disease, predictive variables influencing survival, and the effect of multimodality therapy. RESULTS There were 39 females and 24 males and the mean age was 55 years. The median weight of the tumors was 1,815 g (range 25 to 10,800 g). There were 33 percent leiomyosarcomas, 30 percent malignant fibrous histiocytomas, and 22 percent liposarcomas. Low-grade tumors accounted for 46 percent of the total, and grade was a significant predictor of survival (p=0.002). Seventy-eight percent of the lesions were totally resected, and this clearly influenced outcome (p<0.0001). In 75 percent of cases, adjacent organs were resected concurrently, and 34 percent of the tumors involved local vascular structures. Survival was enhanced by multiple resections in the 40 percent of patients who had a recurrence (p=0.0001). None of the adjuvant therapy regimens demonstrated survival advantage. Thirty-one percent of the study group patients were alive and 21 percent were disease free at the conclusion of the study. Median survival has been 41 months after total resection, nine months after debulking, and five months after biopsy only. CONCLUSIONS Complete resection and low grade continue to be the most important prognostic factors for this tumor. The survival advantage of multiple resections has seldom been noted and justifies an aggressive surgical follow-up.
RoboFDM: A robotic system for support-free fabrication using FDM

This paper presents a robotic system — RoboFDM that targets at printing 3D models without support-structures, which is considered as the major restriction to the flexibility of 3D printing. The hardware of RoboFDM consists of a robotic arm providing 6-DOF motion to the platform of material accumulation and an extruder forming molten filaments of polylactic acid (PLA). The fabrication of 3D models in this system follows the principle of fused decomposition modeling (FDM). Different from conventional FDM, an input model fabricated by RoboFDM is printed along different directions at different places. A new algorithm is developed to decompose models into support-free parts that can be printed one by one in a collision-free sequence. The printing directions of all parts are also determined during the computation of model decomposition. Experiments have been successfully taken on our RoboFDM system to print general freeform objects in a support-free manner.
A 12-year, prospective study of extraocular muscle imaging in complex strabismus.

INTRODUCTION Diagnostic imaging by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed x-ray tomography (CT) has become the standard of care in many medical fields. Clinical imaging of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) can now provide insight into some causes of strabismus, in some cases challenging traditional concepts of etiology and suggesting alternative treatments. METHODS Between 1990 and 2001, 62 orthotropic volunteers and 261 strabismic patients underwent orbital imaging under a prospective protocol. Surface coil MRI was performed with fixation control with slice thickness of 1.5 to 3 mm; CT was performed with 1-mm slice thickness. Images were correlated with ophthalmological examinations. RESULTS MRI was performed in 267 and CT in 56 subjects. Comparison with normal orbits commonly demonstrated abnormalities of EOM size or location in strabismic patients. These included absence (5 patients) or atrophy (33 patients) of the superior oblique (SO) muscle in SO palsy; abnormalities of the trochlea or SO tendon in Brown's syndrome (8 patients); heterotopy of the rectus pulleys associated with incomitant strabismus (46 patients), including instability of pulleys (9 patients); trauma to rectus EOMs (16 patients); atrophy of the lateral rectus (10 patients), inferior rectus (4 patients), medial rectus (4 patients), superior rectus (4 patients), and inferior oblique (1 patient) muscles; and EOMs disinserted by scleral buckles (3 patients). EOM abnormalities correlated closely with clinically abnormal patterns of ocular motility. CONCLUSIONS With the appropriate technique, EOM imaging is a valuable adjunct in clinical evaluation of complex strabismus. Because imaging can provide unique information unavailable from the clinical examination alone, it should be performed when indicated to evaluate patients with strabismus more complex than concomitant esotropia and exotropia.
The relationship between base dimensions, force to failure, and shear bond strengths of bondable molar tubes.

OBJECTIVES To compare forces versus failure and shear bond strengths, and to explore their association with the base dimensions of four currently available bondable molar tubes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tubes were bonded to hydroxyapatite discs using a conventional light-cured adhesive and were tested to shear failure with the Instron Universal testing machine. Results were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and regression and survival analyses. RESULTS No statistical difference was observed between the four groups globally in terms of force to failure (P = .059) and bond strength (P = .179). However, regression analysis showed that each 1 mm(2) increase in base surface area required an additional force of 3.11 N to debond the tube. Survival analysis showed that the tube with the greatest base dimensions had the best survival with increasing force to failure. CONCLUSIONS Although a relationship was demonstrated between force to failure and base surface area, it was not a simple one. No statistically significant relationship was found between bond strength and base surface area.
Spatial-temporal changes of China's construction land intensive use

Based on the data from China Statistics and National Land Use Database between 1996and 2008,the intensive use of construction land was evaluated through analyzing the characteristics of its spatial-temporal change.The purpose was to provide a decision basis for policy making to regulate the macro-policy for intensive use construction land and the direction for the construction land use in China.The evaluation index systems from three aspects were utility ratio,bearing capacity and utilization efficiency of construction land.The results indicated that China 's construction land underwent a certain increase in the utility ratio,output capacity and utilization efficiency from 1996to 2008.There was an enhancement of intensive use level.However,different provinces had different level.The intensity of construction land use in different regions was interrelated to economic development,higher in southeast coastal areas,but lower in northwest inland area with slow economic development.Therefore,the improvement in intensive use level of construction land should be in accordance with the law of spatial-temporal changes in China.
Two New Carbazole Alkaloids from Murraya koenigii.

Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (Rutaceae), reputed for its stimulant, stomachic and anti dysenteric activities , is a fairly large genus of trees found in the Konkan region, Western Ghats, Tamilnadu and along the foot of the Himalayas from Kumaon to Sikkim. Thi s species has been proved to be a prolific source of carbazole alkaloids, and still continues to be the subject of chemical investigations in seaarch of new metabolites• In continuation of our quest for biologically active carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigiL-<, two new compounds 1 and 2 were obtained. The structural elucidation of the two compounds by chemical and spectral evidences as well as their sy nthesis are outlined herein. The results of screening the new metabolites for antimicrobial act ivities is also reported.
Predicting the shear capacity of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to concentrated loads close to supports with the modified bond model

The shear problem is typically studied by testing small, heavily reinforced, slender beams subjected to concentrated loads, resulting in a beam shear failure, or by testing slab-column connections, resulting in a punching shear failure. Slabs subjected to concentrated loads close to supports, as occurring when truck loads are placed on slab bridges, are much less studied. For this purpose, the Bond Model for concentric punching shear was studied at first. Then, modifications were made, resulting in the Modified Bond Model. The Modified Bond Model takes into account the enhanced capacity resulting from the direct strut that forms between the load and the support. Moreover, the Modified Bond Model is able to deal with moment changes between the support and the span, as occurs near continuous supports, and can take into account the reduction in capacity when the load is placed near to the edge. The resulting Modified Bond Model is compared to the results of experiments that were carried out at the Stevin laboratory. As compared to the Eurocodes (NEN-EN 1992-1-1:2005) and the ACI code (ACI 318-11), the Modified Bond Model leads to a better prediction.
Seeing the “Big” Picture: Big Data Methods for Exploring Relationships Between Usage, Language, and Outcome in Internet Intervention Data

Background Assessing the efficacy of Internet interventions that are already in the market introduces both challenges and opportunities. While vast, often unprecedented amounts of data may be available (hundreds of thousands, and sometimes millions of participants with high dimensions of assessed variables), the data are observational in nature, are partly unstructured (eg, free text, images, sensor data), do not include a natural control group to be used for comparison, and typically exhibit high attrition rates. New approaches are therefore needed to use these existing data and derive new insights that can augment traditional smaller-group randomized controlled trials. Objective Our objective was to demonstrate how emerging big data approaches can help explore questions about the effectiveness and process of an Internet well-being intervention. Methods We drew data from the user base of a well-being website and app called Happify. To explore effectiveness, multilevel models focusing on within-person variation explored whether greater usage predicted higher well-being in a sample of 152,747 users. In addition, to explore the underlying processes that accompany improvement, we analyzed language for 10,818 users who had a sufficient volume of free-text response and timespan of platform usage. A topic model constructed from this free text provided language-based correlates of individual user improvement in outcome measures, providing insights into the beneficial underlying processes experienced by users. Results On a measure of positive emotion, the average user improved 1.38 points per week (SE 0.01, t122,455=113.60, P<.001, 95% CI 1.36–1.41), about a 27% increase over 8 weeks. Within a given individual user, more usage predicted more positive emotion and less usage predicted less positive emotion (estimate 0.09, SE 0.01, t6047=9.15, P=.001, 95% CI .07–.12). This estimate predicted that a given user would report positive emotion 1.26 points higher after a 2-week period when they used Happify daily than during a week when they didn’t use it at all. Among highly engaged users, 200 automatically clustered topics showed a significant (corrected P<.001) effect on change in well-being over time, illustrating which topics may be more beneficial than others when engaging with the interventions. In particular, topics that are related to addressing negative thoughts and feelings were correlated with improvement over time. Conclusions Using observational analyses on naturalistic big data, we can explore the relationship between usage and well-being among people using an Internet well-being intervention and provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms that accompany it. By leveraging big data to power these new types of analyses, we can explore the workings of an intervention from new angles, and harness the insights that surface to feed back into the intervention and improve it further in the future.