Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Voluntary Unemployment Insurance and Trade Union Membership: Investigating the Connections in Denmark and Sweden

Abstract The high rate of trade union membership in Nordic countries is often attributed to the way in which unemployment insurance is organised: that is, as a voluntary scheme which is administered by trade union-linked funds (the so-called Ghent system). However, since trade unions and unemployment insurance funds are formally independent from each other, and alternatives to traditional trade union-linked unemployment funds are available, it is far from clear why the more expensive option of a dual membership in trade union and unemployment insurance is generally favoured. Comparing current characteristics and the operation of the Ghent system in Denmark and Sweden, the article identifies incentives for joining an unemployment insurance fund per se and, secondly, factors which make such a dual membership appealing. It shows that some of these apply to both countries, such as the strong identification with trade unions or the lack of a transparent institutional separation, while others are country-specific, such as job search support in Denmark and access to improved benefit provision in Sweden.
Solar radio bursts of spectral types II and IV: their relations to optical phenomena and to geomagnetic activity

Solar radio bursts of spectral types II and IV, observed in the years 1957-1960, are discussed in relation to flares, the magnetic class of the associated sunspot, the north-south asymmetry, and to geomagnetic and solar proton (PCA) effects. A total of 96 type IV and 197 type II bursts were studied. About 50 percent of the type IV and 28 percent of the type II bursts were associated with a major (>2) flare. Sunspot groups of complex (fiy and y) magnetic class produced 61 percent of the type IV but only 36 percent of the type II bursts. Comparative data are given for sunspots, flares, and geomagnetic storm and PCA sources. The north-south asymmetry appears to increase with increasing intensity in various types of solar activity. Long-lived bursts of each type are more concentrated to the north than are short-lived bursts. But there is no significant difference between type II and type IV bursts in north-south distribution. The data indicate a very strong association between type IV bursts and great geomagnetic storms. The increase in probability of a great storm within three days after a type II burst is also significant but less striking. However those type II bursts that were not accompanied by type IV appear to be significantly associated only with small storms. The bursts were subdivided by various properties. A major flare or a long duration of the burst each increases the probability of geomagnetic success. Type IV bursts lasting less than 15 minutes have little geomagnetic importance. Given a major flare with type IV emission, the magnetic class of the sunspot is of minor significance. However, a py or y sunspot is about five times more likely to produce a major flare with type IV emission than is a P or a spot group of comparable size. The inverse problem, of solar activity preceding geomagnetic storms, was analyzed as a function of storm intensity. A significant difference between recurrent and nonrecurrent storms was found, in that recurrent storms tend to avoid centers of major flare and radio burst activity. A strong association is found between type IV radio events and PCA events, with 23 of the type IV bursts followed within a few hours by a PCA. The duration of the burst is positively related to the intensity of the PCA. A high percentage of proton events arise from complex sunspot groups. I), •OTIIIKIT PIIITIM •mct.no
Link Adaptive and QoS Provisioning Cooperative ARQ Relay Assisted Land Mobile Satellite Communications

Link Adaptive and QoS Provisioning Cooperative ARQ Relay Assisted Land Mobile Satellite Communications Morteza Mardani, Jalil Seifali Harsini, Farshad Lahouti, To appear in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2011. DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2011. 2151261 © 2011 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. College of Engineering University of Tehran
Definition and application of magnetic material metrics in modeling and optimization

The modeling of magnetic components for use in electrical circuit simulation requires that the core material be accurately characterized. This paper investigates a method of extracting parameters to model the hysteresis behavior of magnetic core materials and optimizing them to achieve accurate results during circuit simulation. Metrics are defined to measure specific features of the behavior of both the core magnetic material and the magnetic component, such as a transformer. This paper presents a method of applying these metrics for the purposes of comparison and optimization and demonstrates the method using measured results and corresponding simulations. It compares the effectiveness of a weighted metrics function with that of a least squares goal function for the purpose of optimization. This paper suggests modifications to the original Jiles-Atherton model to improve the ability of the model to more accurately represent the behavior of magnetic materials during saturation.
Time-series econometrics of growth-models: a guide for applied economists

This article examines the use of specifications based on the endogenous and exogenous growth-models for country-specific growth policies. It is suggested that time-series models based on the Solow (1956) exogenous growth-model are useful and they can also be extended to capture the permanent growth-effects of some variables. Our empirical results, with data from Fiji, show that trade openness and human capital have significant and permanent growth-effects. However, these growth-effects are small and eventually converge over time.
Large-scale ice thickness distribution of first-year sea ice in spring and summer north of Svalbard

Abstract The large-scale thickness distribution of sea ice was measured during several campaigns in the European Arctic north of Svalbard from 2007 using an airborne electromagnetic induction device. In August 2010 and April-May 2011, this was complemented by extensive on-ice work including measurements of snow thickness and freeboard. Ice thicknesses show a clear difference between the seasons, with thicker ice during spring than in summer. In spring 2011, negative freeboard and flooding were observed as a result of the extensive snow cover. We find that the characteristics of the first-year sea ice allow combining observations from different years. The ice thickness in the marginal ice zone increases with increasing latitude and increasing distance to the ice edge; however, in the inner ice pack from ∼100 km from the ice edge the thickness remains almost constant. Modal ice thickness in spring reaches 2.4 m whereas in summer it is 1.0–1.4 m. Our study provides new insight into ice thickness distributions of a typical ice cover consisting of mainly first- and second-year ice, which may become the dominant ice type in the Arctic in the future.
The Determinants of International Financial Integration Revisited: The Role of Networks and Geographic Neutrality

Over the last two decades, the degree of international financial integration has increased substantially, becoming an important area of research for many financial economists. This paper explores the determinants of the asymmetries in the international integration of banking systems. We consider an approach based on both network analysis and the concept of geographic neutrality. Our analysis focuses on the banking systems of 18 advanced economies from 1999 to 2005. Results indicate that banking integration should be assessed from the perspective of both inflows and outflows, given that they show different patterns for different countries. The parametric techniques point out the remarkable role of both geographic distance and trade integration. However, the most relevant results are yielded by nonparametric techniques, which we use due to the lack of well-established results on the determinants of trade in assets. These techniques reveal that the effect of the covariates on banking integration is not constant over the conditional distribution which (in practical terms) implies that the sign of the relationship varies across countries.
TREND OF INCIDENCE OF GASTRIC CANCER IN SISTAN AND BALUCHESTAN PROVINCE, IRAN

ABSTRACT Objective: Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third cause of death from cancers in the world and is known as the most deadly cancer in Iran. Since the knowledge about the epidemiological situation and the trend of incidence of this cancer is essential to plan for the prevention and treatment of cancer, this study was performed with the aim of investigating the epidemiological status, the rate and the trend of gastric cancer incidence in Sistan and Baluchestan province. Methods: This study was conducted using existing data and data extracted from the National Cancer Registry System and the Disease Management Center of Iranian Ministry of Health between 2003 and 2008. Age-Standardized incidence rates (ASIR) were calculated using the world standard population. The crude incidence rate was also computed. Cochran–Armitage test for linear trend was used for evaluation of the incidence trend. Results: The number of 255 cases of gastric cancer occurred in the study period that 188 cases were in men and 67 in women. Accordingly, the incidence of gastric cancer has had an ascending trend in Sistan and Baluchestan (p=0.00) and its incidence in men and women has changed to 1.18 and 2.73 in 2004 to 1.84 and 4.48 in 2008, respectively. Furthermore, with ageing, the incidence of gastric cancer has increased in both sexes and its incidence was higher in men than women. Conclusion: The incidence of gastric cancer has an increasing trend in Sistan and Baluchestan, hence, etiological surveys and programs of early diagnosis are useful in this province to the reduce cancer. Keywords: Incidence, Gastric cancer, Iran, Epidemiology.
NU-Net: Deep Residual Wide Field of View Convolutional Neural Network for Semantic Segmentation

Semantic Segmentation of satellite images is one of the most challenging problems in computer vision as it requires a model capable of capturing both local and global information at each pixel. Current state of the art methods are based on Fully Convolutional Neural Networks (FCNN) with mostly two main components: an encoder which is a pretrained classification model that gradually reduces the input spatial size and a decoder that transforms the encoder’s feature map into a predicted mask with the original size. We change this conventional architecture to a model that makes use of full resolution information. NU-Net is a deep FCNN that is able to capture wide field of view global information around each pixel while maintaining localized full resolution information throughout the model. We evaluate our model on the Land Cover Classification and Road Extraction tracks in the DeepGlobe competition.
Patterns of diversity and conservation status of freshwater fishes in the tributaries of River Ramganga in the Shiwaliks of the Western Himalaya

A short study was undertaken from December 2004 to April 2005, to assess the species diversity and composition of freshwater fishes in three tributaries of Ramganga river in the foothills of Western Himalaya. One tributary was within a protected area (PA; Corbett National Park); the other two were outside the PA (Lansdowne Forest Division). Cast nets were used for fish sampling, which was done from 9.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. In total, 43 species belonging to eight families and five orders were recorded which included 29 species belonging to the threatened category. Family Cyprinidae was represented by the maximum number of species. Species richness and diversity was high in the PA. Similarity in fish composition varied from 60% to 70% across the tributaries. Dynamiting, poisoning and diverting water flows to collect fish are the major threats. Creating awareness, controlling illegal fishing and protecting the breeding grounds of fishes are some of the measures recommended to counter these threats.
Hysteretic behavior between quasi-two-dimensional flow and three-dimensional flow in forced rotating turbulence

Conflict between formation of a cyclonic vortex and isotropization in forced homogeneous rotating turbulence is numerically investigated. It is well known that a large rotation rate of the system induces columnar vortices to result in quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) flow, while a small rotation rate allows turbulence to be three-dimensional (3D). It is found that the transition from the Q2D turbulent flow to the 3D turbulent flow and the reverse transition occur at different values of the rotation rates. At the intermediate rotation rates, bistability of these two statistically steady states is observed. Such hysteretic behavior is also observed for the variation of the amplitude of an external force.
Review Article: The past, present and future of organization development: Taking the long view

Organization development has been, and arguably still is, the major approach to organizational change across the Western world, and increasingly globally. Despite this, there appears to be a great deal of confusion as to its origins, nature, purpose and durability. This article reviews the ‘long’ history of organization development from its origins in the work of Kurt Lewin in the late 1930s to its current state and future prospects. It chronicles and analyses the major stages, disjunctures and controversies in its history and allows these to be seen in a wider context. The article closes by arguing that, although organization development remains the dominant approach to organizational change, there are significant issues that it must address if it is to achieve the ambitious and progressive social and organizational aims of its founders.
Clinicopathological study of basal cell carcinoma over a period of nine years- from Uttar Pradesh

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer and occurs mostly in the head and neck region in middle age to elderly people. It has varied clinical presentation and also many morphologic/histopathologic subtypes. Aim of the Study: To study the spectrum of basal cell carcinomas in our institute over a nine year period. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study carried out at Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, over a period of nine years. All the basal cell carcinomas reported during this period were studied for clinical presentation, demographic details, anatomical location of tumor, macroscopic and microscopic appearance. Results: A total of 28 cases of BCC were reported. The patient age ranged from 14 to 85 years and the male to female ratio was 2.1:1. Most of the cases occurred over 40 years and all the tumors occurred in the facial region. Clinically, ulcerative and nodular presentation was more common. One case of nevoid BCC syndrome was also seen. Conclusion: Basal cell carcinoma commonly occurs in the face region and its incidence increases with advancing age. It has varied clinical presentations and histologic subtypes. Early diagnosis gives better prognosis. Basal cell carcinoma in a young person or child should be evaluated for nevoid BCC syndrome.
EFFECT OF AUTOMOBILE POLLUTION ON CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF ROADSIDE URBAN TREES

AB STRACT: The effect of automobile pollution was determined on chlorophyll content of four different tree species viz. Azadirachta indica L. , Conocarpus erectusL. , Guiacum officinaleL. and Eucalyptus sp. growing along the roads of the city. Significant changes in the level of chlorophyll “a”, chlorophyll “b” and total chlorophyll “a+b” were found in the leaves of four tree species ( A. indica, C. erectus, G.officinale and Eucalyptus sp.) collected from polluted sites (Airport, Malir Halt, Quaidabad) as compared to control site (Karachi University Campus). Lowest concentration of chlorophyll “a”, chlorophyll “b” and chlorophyll “a+b” was recorded in the leaf samples of all tree species collected from Quaidabad site when compared with the leaf samples collected from control site. The highest levels of chlorophyll pigment were recorded in all tree species leave samples collected from Karachi University Campus. Similarly, better levels of chlorophyll “a”, chlorophyll “b” and total chlorophyll “a+b” was observed in all tree species growing at Airport site as compared to plants growing at Malir Halt and Quaidabad sites. This study clearly indicated that the vehicular activities induced air pollution problem and affected on the level of chlorophyll pigments in trees which were exposed to road side pollution.
An Empirical Evaluation of the Determinants of Research Joint Venture Formation

This paper empirically analyses the determinants of firm participation in Research Joint Ventures (RJVs). A review of the theoretical literature highlights the difficulty of identifying a set of testable hypotheses. Using a large database of European RJVs, we estimate two participation equations at the firm level using the logit procedure. We find that sectoral R&D intensity positively influences the probability of forming an RJV. The presence of technological spillovers has a positive effect on RJV formation, but this is restricted to R&D intensive industries. A minimum level of industry concentration is needed for RJVs to be formed. Last, firm size and past experience with research cooperation increases the likelihood of RJV formation.
Economic Determinants of the of Preferential Trade Agreement Formations and Enlargements

type="main" xml:id="ecin12241-abs-0001"> Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have proliferated over the past 60 years. While a small number of recent studies have examined empirically the economic determinants of the likelihood of a pair of countries having a PTA, this study explains empirically the timing of all PTA formations and enlargements from 1950 through 2006 using duration analysis. Our main and novel goal is to predict (in- and out-of-sample) a substantive share of these 1,560 PTA events using a parsimonious model with mainly economic variables, taking selection dynamics into account. Our analysis reveals that we can predict correctly in-sample the actual year of entry into force for 26% of the 1,560 bilateral PTA formations/enlargements in the period 1950–2006 among 10,518 pairings of 146 countries using only a few economic and political variables. Moreover, we can predict correctly in-sample 57% of these PTA events within a 10-year window leading up to the event using this model. The model also performs well out-of-sample for the near term (82%), but not if the out-of-sample period is very long. We conclude with an evaluation of the model's ability to predict the timing of the North American Free Trade Agreement, the European Union's formation and enlargements, and the model's ten most likely post-2006 PTA events. (JEL F14, F15)
Liberian Refugee Families in Ghana: The Implications of Family Demands and Capabilities for Return to Liberia

In the summer of 2007, focus groups and interviews were conducted with Liberian refugee women living in Buduburam Refugee Camp, Ghana. The purpose of this study was to learn about the daily experiences of families in protracted refugee situtations, and their perceptions of return to Liberia. The results offer a glimpse of the demands placed on families remaining as protracted refugees, and how their capabilities to meet these demands came predominantly through adapted livelihood strategies, the support of their Christian communities, and the hope for a better future through their children’s education. The results suggest that these refugees’ perceptions of return to Liberia were influenced by their current socio-economic vulnerability in Ghana, and their experiences of violence and trauma during the Liberian civil war.
Inhomogeneous incorporation of In and Al in molecular beam epitaxial AlInGaN films

Plasma-induced molecular beam epitaxial AlInGaN heterostructures have been characterized by spatial resolved cathodoluminescence and x-ray energy dispersive microanalysis. Competitive incorporation of Al and In has been observed, with the formation of In-rich regions, showing enhanced luminescence around surface pinholes. These island-like In-rich regions are favored by growth at lower temperature due to the higher incorporation of indium into the alloy. The elastic strain relaxation associated to pinhole formation induces preferential local indium incorporation. The diffusion of carriers to these areas with reduced band gap enhances the luminescence emission of the quaternary film. The width and intensity of the luminescence appear to be sensitive to the mismatch between the quaternary film and the GaN layer below.
Optimal Environmental Window and Pelagic Fish Recruitment Success in Upwelling Areas

Food availability and physical constraints such as turbulence are now considered as important factors that affect larval survival and pelagic fish recruitment. In Ekman-type upwelling, vertical advection, new inputs of nutrients and turbulence are linked to wind speed. According to the literature, food availability for larvae is related to biological dynamics (primary production) up to a point where the biological processes are disturbed by physical processes (turbulence generated by wind mixing). This limitation does not exist for non Ekman-type upwelling where upwelling intensity is not correlated with wind speed. We hypothesize that relations between annual recruitments and upwelling intensity are dome shaped in Ekman-type upwellings and linear for non Ekman-type upwellings. A statistical method is used to analyse the form of the relationships between recruitments and upwelling indices or wind mixing. The recruitment of the Peruvian anchoveta (Engraulis ringens), of the Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax.
OPENNESS IN PRODUCT AND PROCESS INNOVATION

Open innovation has generally been explored in terms of improved innovation performance vis-a-vis product/service innovation performance. However, process innovation is often ignored in the open innovation literature. In this study, we assess the impact of openness on innovation in products/services, and also on process innovation, drawing on a large-scale sample of Australian firms. In essence, we find that open innovation models are useful for firms seeking to innovate in processes as well as products and services. However, we find that openness to external information sources may, after a time, lead to decreasing marginal returns as measured by innovation performance. We also observe that, within our sample, the proposed complementarities between internal and external knowledge are generally only evident as precursors to the introduction of new products and services, and may not be as beneficial in stimulating process innovations. It is also shown by our study that investment in absorptive capacity has a declining marginal effect on the innovation performance of new processes, but not on the introduction of new products and services.