Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A look at the financial returns of training: empirical evidence from textile sector of Pakistan

This research is aimed to provide empirical evidence of training effectiveness by using return on investment (ROI) as measurement tool. Fourteen textile composite units (listed in Islamabad Stock Exchange) were selected for study for two years: 2009 to 2011. Findings show that none of the respondents were using ROI of training as evaluation tool. So measuring training in financial terms using ROI would be something valuable for organisations. ROI was measured by estimating costs and benefits of training. Training costs comprised of four elements, i.e., trainer’s fee, trainee’s scholarship/fee, training development and delivery cost, and production lost during training time. Training benefits were divided in five categories, i.e., reduction in down time cost, reduction in errors, increase in production, reduction in repair cost, and savings from reduced absenteeism. Findings show that there is strong relation between training investments and benefits that organisations can reap. Findings also showed that all of the firms were having higher ROI than the costs associated with training. Implications and future implications are also given at the end.
Secretion of Parathyroid Hormone Oscillates Depending on the Change in Serum Ionized Calcium during Hemodialysis and May Affect Bone Metabolism

Background: The current study was undertaken to clarify the dynamic response of parathyroid hormone (PTH) during hemodialysis and to determine whether or not such dynamic change of PTH affects bone turnover. Methods: Serum ionized calcium (iCa) and intact PTH (iPTH) were measured in 66 dialysis patients before (basal) and after each hemodialysis. The changes of iCa (ΔiCa) and iPTH (ΔiPTH) were defined as [postdialysis iCa – basal iCa] mM, and [(postdialysis iPTH – basal iPTH)/basal iPTH] × 100%, respectively. We also investigated the data of the patients divided into four groups based on their basal iPTH levels; group 1 (iPTH <60 pg/ml, n = 17), 2 (≧60 to <150, n = 20), 3 (≧150 to <300, n = 15), and 4 (≧300, n = 14). Results: While iCa and iPTH changed variably during each hemodialysis procedure, there was a highly significant inverse correlation between ΔiCa and ΔiPTH (r = –0.761, p < 0.0001). Regression coefficients between ΔiPTH and ΔiCa were –519.1, –311.2, –268.1, and –194.6%/mM in groups 1–4, respectively. The difference in the regression coefficient was statistically significant between group 1 and 2 (F = 3.69, p < 0.05, ANCOVA), group 1 and 3 (F = 5.599, p < 0.05), and group 1 and 4 (F = 10.853, p < 0.005). This suggested that patients with higher basal iPTH responded poorly to modulate serum PTH levels by sensing the change of iCa. However, after an intensified oral calcitriol therapy to reduce iPTH, the PTH response in group 4 patients was restored to levels comparable with those observed in patients having lower basal iPTH. We also demonstrate that the ΔiPTH of patients of group 1 but not of other groups was significantly correlated with serum markers for bone metabolism; osteocalcin (r = 0.535, p < 0.05) and collagen type I C-terminal telopeptide (r = –0.575, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that secretion of PTH is dynamically regulated by ΔiCa during hemodialysis and such oscillated PTH secretion may affect bone metabolism in a subset of dialysis patients.
Understanding of basic concepts of orofacial pain among dental students and a cohort of general dentists.

OBJECTIVES Temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain are common presenting conditions to dentists. There has been a call for improvement in teaching about these conditions in the international literature since the 1970s. DESIGN This study evaluates the current state of knowledge about basic pain mechanisms and management in dental students and dentists in Victoria, Australia, using a pain knowledge test adapted for dentists. RESULTS The results show that overall 47% of fourth year dental students and 58% of final year dental students scored correctly on the pain knowledge test compared with 48% of a convenience sample of practicing dentists on the same test. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study indicates that levels of knowledge about pain are consistently low among dental students. There does appear to be improvement in knowledge after exposure to teaching in advanced training years in this dental school. There is some evidence that graduate dentists as a group may also have low levels of knowledge about basic pain mechanisms and evidenced-based treatment principles. This study highlights the need for improved training of dentists and dental students with regard to pain and orofacial pain.
Medial Temporal Lobe Activity for Recognition of Recent and Remote Famous Names : an Event-Related f MRI Study

Previous neuroimaging studies examining recognition of famous faces have identified activation of an extensive bilateral neural network [Gorno Tempini, M. L. , Price, C. J., Josephs, O. , Vandenberghe, R. , Cappa, S. F. , Kapur, N. et al. (1998). The neural systems sustaining face and proper-name processing. Brain, 121, 2103–2118], including the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and specifically the hippocampal complex [Haist, F. , Bowden, G. J., & Mao, H. (2001). Consolidation of human memory over decades revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 1139–1145; Leveroni, C. L. , Seidenberg, M. , Mayer, A. R. , Mead, L. A. , Binder, J. R. , & Rao, S. M. (2000). Neural systems underlying the recognition of familiar and newly learned faces. Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 878–886]. One model of hippocampal functioning in autobiographical, episodic memory retrieval argues that the hippocampal complex remains active in retrieval tasks regardless of time or age of memory (multiple trace theory, MTT), whereas another proposal posits that the hippocampal complex plays a time-limited role in retrieval of autobiographical memories. The current event-related fMRI study focused on the medial temporal lobe and its response to recognition NOT THE PUBLISHED VERSION; this is the author’s final, peer-reviewed manuscript. The published version may be accessed by following the link in the citation at the bottom of the page. [Neuropsychologia, Vol 43, No. 5 (2005): pg. 693-703. DOI. This article is © Elsevier and permission has been granted for this version to appear in e-Publications@Marquette. Elsevier does not grant permission for this article to be further copied/distributed or hosted elsewhere without the express permission from Elsevier. ] 3 judgments of famous names from two distinct time epochs (1990s and 1950s) in 15 right-handed healthy older adults (mean age = 70 years). A pilot study with an independent sample of young and older subjects ensured that the stimuli were representative of a recent and remote time period. Increased MR signal activity was observed on a bilateral basis for both the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) during recognition of familiar names from both the recent and remote time periods when compared to nonfamous names. However, the impulse response functions in the right hippocampus and right PHG demonstrated a differential response to stimuli from different time epochs, with the 1990s names showing the greatest MR signal intensity change, followed by the 1950s names, followed by foils. The finding that recognition of famous names produced significant bilateral MTL activation regardless of time epoch relative to foils provides support for the MTT model. However, the finding of a temporal gradient in the right MTL also provides support for the HC model, given the greater MTL response associated with recently famous names relative to remotely famous names.
Several anthropometric predictors of cardiovascular disease in central Slovakian adults: socioeconomic and educational differences.

BACKGROUND Slovak inhabitants are considered at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to describe the social and educational differences in relation to anthropometric CVD risk factors among central Slovakian adults. PARTICIPANTS The study population consisted of 100 probands from the central Slovakian region of Orava (50 males and 50 females). According to their social background they were classified as those with high (15 %), average (71 %) or low socioeconomic status (14 %). According to their education they were classified as those having completed only primary education (15 %) secondary education graduates (69 %) or university graduates (16 %). METHODS Anthropometric measurements, including weight, height, waist and hip circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfold were used to calculate body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and percentage body fat. Measured blood pressure (BP) was used to classify for hypertension. RESULTS The probands with high socioeconomic status show the highest means of body fat percentage (24.53 ± 3.11 %) and blood pressure (with 53 % prevalence of hypertension and 60 % of stress); the population with low socioeconomic status had the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking (57.1 %), physical inactivity (64.3 %) and CVD family history (78.6 %). The highest means of BMI (25.48 ± 3.26 kg/m2) were determined in participants with university education (they also show the highest stress rate at 46.7 %). The population with primary education show the highest means of WHR (0.89 ± 0.13) and sBP (138.44 ± 19.64 mmHg), and the highest prevalence of hypertension (56.3 %), physical inactivity (62.5 %) and CVD family history (81.3 %). CONCLUSION The results of the study should lead to improving the prevention of CVD risk predictors, especially in adults with low socioeconomic status and primary education (Tab. 3, Ref. 29).
The pyruvate kinase model system, a cautionary tale for the use of osmolyte perturbations to support conformational equilibria in allostery

In the study of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase (M1‐PYK), proline has previously been used as an osmolyte in an attempt to determine a role for preexisting conformational equilibria in allosteric regulation. In this context, osmolytes are small molecules assumed to have no direct interaction with the protein. In contrast to proline's proposed role as an osmolyte, the structure of M1PYK‐Mn‐pyruvate‐proline complex reported herein demonstrates that proline binds specifically to the allosteric site of M1‐PYK. Therefore, this amino acid is an allosteric effector rather than a benign osmolyte. Other compounds often used as osmolytes (polyethyleneglycol and glycerol) are also present in the structure, suggesting an interaction with the protein that would, in turn, prevent the usefulness of these compounds in the study of this and most likely other proteins. These findings highlight the need to verify that compounds used as osmolytes to perturb preexisting conformational equilibrium do not directly interact with the protein, a consideration not commonly addressed in the past.
Deconvolution of the Response to Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Reveals NF-κB-Induced Cytokines As Autocrine Mediators of Innate Immunity

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is used as a vaccine and diagnostic test for tuberculosis, as well as immunotherapy in the treatment of bladder cancer. While clinically useful, the response to mycobacterial stimulation is complex and the induced protein signature remains poorly defined. We characterized the cell types directly engaged by BCG, as well as the induced cytokine loops that transmit signal(s) to bystander cells. Standardized whole-blood stimulations and mechanistic studies on single and purified cell populations identified distinct patterns of activation in monocytes as compared to neutrophils and invariant lymphocyte populations. Deconvoluting the role of Toll-like receptor 2/4 and Dectin-1/2 in the inflammatory response to BCG, we revealed Dectin-1/2 as dominant in neutrophils as compared to monocytes, which equally engaged both pathways. Furthermore, we quantified the role of NF-κB and NADPH/reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent cytokines, which triggered a JAK1/2-dependent amplification loop and accounted for 40–50% of the induced response to BCG. In sum, this study provides new insight into the molecular and cellular pathways involved in the response to BCG, establishing the basis for a new generation of immunodiagnostic tools.
MODELLING HOUSING COSTS AND BENEFITS

This study models the incidence of housing costs and the main government housing benefits in Australia. Housing data from the 1991 Census, the 1990 Income Survey and the 1988-89 Household Expenditure Survey are updated to November 1993 values and combined with the STINMOD/94A data file. The housing model produced by the study provides up-to-date estimates of average housing costs and government housing benefits.
Instrumentos da Contabilidade Gerencial utilizados em micro e pequenas empresas comerciais e disponibilizados por empresas de serviços contábeis

O objetivo do estudo e verificar os instrumentos da contabilidade gerencial utilizados em micro e pequenas empresas comerciais na tomada de decisao e a disponibilizacao desses instrumentos por parte das empresas de servicos contabeis. Realizou-se pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa e por meio de uma survey. Para a coleta dos dados foram aplicados dois questionarios, um direcionado as empresas comerciais e o outro aos escritorios prestadores de servicos contabeis. De 77 empresas comerciais cadastradas na prefeitura do municipio de Presidente Getulio/SC, obteve-se o retorno de 16 delas, constituindo-se assim uma amostra por acessibilidade. Quanto as empresas de servicos contabeis, obteve-se um retorno de 100% da populacao, totalizando 7 escritorios de contabilidade. Os resultados monstram que os instrumentos da contabilidade gerencial mais utilizados pelas empresas sao a formacao do preco de venda e o fluxo de caixa, enquanto os menos utilizados sao, a analise das demonstracoes contabeis e analise do custo/volume/lucro e ponto de equilibrio. Conclui-se que ha necessidade de mudanca na relacao das micro e pequenas empresas com a contabilidade e o aperfeicoamento dos servicos oferecidos otimipelos profissionais das empresas de servicos contabeis.
2-Heptyl-4-Quinolone, a Precursor of the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal Molecule, Modulates Swarming Motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen capable of group behaviors, including biofilm formation and swarming motility. These group behaviors are regulated by both the intracellular signaling molecule c-di-GMP and acylhomoserine lactone quorum-sensing systems. Here, we show that the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) system also contributes to the regulation of swarming motility. Specifically, our data indicate that 2-heptyl-4-quinolone (HHQ), a precursor of PQS, likely induces the production of the phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), which in turn acts via an as-yet-unknown downstream mechanism to repress swarming motility. We show that this HHQ- and PCA-dependent swarming repression is apparently independent of changes in global levels of c-di-GMP, suggesting complex regulation of this group behavior.
Do Analysts Strategically Provide Cash Flow Forecasts? A Multi-Theory Multi-Methods Study

Our study delves into analysts’ motivation to issue concurrent cash flow forecasts in addition to earnings forecasts to achieve the analysts’ specific strategic objectives. To investigate this motivation, we use economics based signaling theory and psychology based support theory to develop our hypotheses and then employ multiple methods to investigate them. First, we perform archival tests using analyst forecasts found in the I/B/E/S database. Second, we analyze a hand collected sample of 412 sell-side analyst reports. Third, to complement the preceding research, we conduct field research on sell-side analysts’ forecasting activities. Our results indicate that sell-side analysts strategically choose to issue positive cash flow forecast revisions in an effort to diminish the negative impact on themselves of releasing bad (i.e. negative or downward) news in their earnings forecast revisions. Our results suggest that analyst decisions to issue cash flow forecasts are akin to managers’ strategic decisions to voluntarily disclose supplemental information to affect investors’ confidence in their primary news and may not be motivated by being an objective third party review of the future prospects of the companies they cover that institutional rhetoric suggests they are valued by capital markets for.
A randomized controlled trial of expressive writing in breast cancer survivors with lymphedema

Objective: Breast cancer survivors who develop lymphedema report poorer quality of life (QoL) than those without lymphedema. Expressive writing is a potential intervention to address QoL. Design: Adult women (N = 107) with breast cancer and chronic Stage II lymphedema were randomised to writing about thoughts and feelings specific to lymphedema and its treatment (intervention) or about daily activities (control) for four, 20-min sessions. Main Outcome Measures: Outcome measures were several indicators of QoL assessed at baseline, one, three, and six months post-intervention (total scores and subscales of Upper Limb Lymphedema 27 and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Breast). Hypothesised moderators of change in QoL were dispositional optimism, avoidant behaviours, and time since lymphedema diagnosis. Results: There was no statistically significant intent-to-treat main effects of expressive writing on QoL. Statistically significant moderating effects on change in different indicators of QoL were observed for all three moderators. Expressive writing was more effective for improving QoL in women who were higher on optimism, lower on avoidance and had less time since a lymphedema diagnosis. Conclusion: These results provide further evidence that there are subsets of individuals for whom expressive writing is more effective. Future research may investigate targeting expressive writing based on identified moderators.
Web content analysis of e‐grocery retailers: a longitudinal study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how e‐grocers develop their e‐fulfillment strategies to satisfy product‐specific customer needs for their grocery shopping on the internet. Findings from this paper are used to propose sustainable e‐fulfillment strategies for online grocery retailers.Design/methodology/approach – Based on metrics of product information, customer service and e‐business quality, this paper conducted web content analyses of US grocery retailers in a longitudinal manner.Findings – The research findings delineate a significant transition of e‐fulfillment strategies among grocery retailers. Evidence is found for the development of service metrics as well as strategic shifts in retail operations.Originality/value – The use of a longitudinal approach provides insights into sustainable marketing strategies for online retailers to enhance consumers' perceived relative advantage and compatibility, and reduce perceived complexity in online grocery shopping.
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION OFFICERS’ KNOWLEDGE ABOUT TH E ROLE OF COWPEA FLOWER INSECT VISITORS AND THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE CONTROL MEASURES ON THE INSECTS IN CENTRAL REGION OF GHANA

The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge o f Agricultural Extension Officers about cowpea flow er insect visitors and the effects of pesticide control measu re on the insects in three districts in the Centra l Region of Ghana. Data were collected from 50 Agricultural Extension Officers of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (M OFA) from three political districts by using questionnaire. T he questionnaire which was developed using informat ion from reviewed literature contained both open-ended and c lose-ended items on information pertaining to the p ersonal data, knowledge on cowpea flower insect visitors an d cowpea insect pest control measures. In each Mini stry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA) district office, one of ficer was put in charge of administering and collec tion of the questionnaires. A random sampling technique was use d. The Extension Officers considered bees (mean of 1.86) and lepidopterans (mean of 1.73) as the insects that mo st visited cowpea flowers. Also 90.91% (40) and 68. 18% (30) of the Extension Officers considered bees and lepidopt erans respectively as pollinators. Furthermore, 88. 64% (39) of the respondents indicated that pollinators transfer pollen grains from the anther to the stigma. Major ity of the respondents (mean of1.95) considered increased frui t set/increased crop yield as the benefit of pollin ation. Almost all the Extension Officers had low personal knowled ge of pollinators. Therefore, government should inc lude introductory courses on pollination and pollinators involving pollinator identification and conservati on at all levels of education.
IGBT-Gating Failure Effect on a Fault-Tolerant Predictive Current-Controlled Five-Phase Induction Motor Drive

Multiphase machine drives are gaining importance in high-reliability applications due to their fault-tolerance capability and their ability to cope with the postfault operation without any extra electronic components. Predictive current controllers have been recently proposed for managing postfault operation of these drives when an open-phase fault is considered. However, the faulty situation assumes zero stator current while freewheeling diodes can continue conducting in a noncontrolled mode. This work analyzes the postfault operation of the five-phase drive when the freewheeling diodes of the faulty phase are still conducting. Experimental results are provided using a conventional insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)-based multiphase power converter to quantify the effect of the freewheeling diodes, when an IGBT-gating fault occurs, on the model-based predictive current-controlled drive.
Hyperemesis gravidarum--assessment and management.

BACKGROUND Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms in early pregnancy. In most women the condition is mild and self limiting. A small percentage of women experience severe nausea and vomiting. This is known as hyperemesis gravidarum. Outcomes have improved with intravenous rehydration therapy. Consequences include decreased quality of life, time off work and secondary depression. OBJECTIVE This article outlines the aetiology, outcomes, history and examination of women with hyperemesis gravidarum. Treatment modalities are discussed together with evidence regarding use. DISCUSSION It is important to exclude other causes of nausea and vomiting such as urinary tract infection and thyrotoxicosis. Assessment of severity by checking for ketones is important as severity determines management. Management will include rehydration (intravenous or oral). Evidence is lacking regarding dietary and lifestyle recommendations but some women find them useful. Pyridoxine and metoclopramide (category A) are first line in treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum followed by prochlorperazine (category C), prednisolone (category A), promethazine (category C) and ondansetron (category B1). Benefit has been reported with the use of ginger. Evidence is mixed regarding acupressure and acupuncture.