Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Work disability and its economic effect on 55-64-year-old adults with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To examine the extent and financial impact of work disability among older workers with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Year 2002 data from 5,419 subjects with RA < 65 years of age in the National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases were used, along with US population data. Measures of work disability were employment status, part-time work, sick day use, and limitation in work demands; the latter was assessed by the Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ). Measures of financial status were median household income and poverty level income. Statistical procedures included logistic and linear regression, Wilcoxon's rank sum test, and chi-square test. RESULTS Despite being better educated, subjects with RA ages 55-64 years had lower employment rates than individuals of the same age in the US (women 40% versus 53% and men 54% versus 66%). These older subjects with RA had stopped working more often than younger subjects with RA, and more worked part time (40% versus 34%; P < 0.01). However, the older subjects used sick time less often than younger subjects (35% versus 41%; P < 0.01) and were similarly limited in job demands, e.g., physical demands (mean WLQ subscale score 27.0 versus 26.6; P = 0.65). Median household income of older employed subjects was 20,000 dollars greater than that of retired subjects; 56% of retired subjects had incomes lower than US median income versus 32% of employed subjects, and 11% had income below the poverty level. CONCLUSION Premature work cessation in persons with RA ages 55-64 years is a serious problem that needs to be addressed.
Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review.

OBJECTIVE To review the psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) as a self-report measure of depression in a variety of settings and populations. METHODS Relevant studies of the BDI-II were retrieved through a search of electronic databases, a hand search, and contact with authors. Retained studies (k = 118) were allocated into three groups: non-clinical, psychiatric/institutionalized, and medical samples. RESULTS The internal consistency was described as around 0.9 and the retest reliability ranged from 0.73 to 0.96. The correlation between BDI-II and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I) was high and substantial overlap with measures of depression and anxiety was reported. The criterion-based validity showed good sensitivity and specificity for detecting depression in comparison to the adopted gold standard. However, the cutoff score to screen for depression varied according to the type of sample. Factor analysis showed a robust dimension of general depression composed by two constructs: cognitive-affective and somatic-vegetative. CONCLUSIONS The BDI-II is a relevant psychometric instrument, showing high reliability, capacity to discriminate between depressed and non-depressed subjects, and improved concurrent, content, and structural validity. Based on available psychometric evidence, the BDI-II can be viewed as a cost-effective questionnaire for measuring the severity of depression, with broad applicability for research and clinical practice worldwide.
The Normal Function of a Speciation Gene, Odysseus, and Its Hybrid Sterility Effect

To understand how postmating isolation is connected to the normal process of species divergence and why hybrid male sterility is often the first sign of speciation, we analyzed the Odysseus (OdsH) gene of hybrid male sterility in Drosophila. We carried out expression analysis, transgenic study, and gene knockout. The combined evidence suggests that the sterility phenotype represents a novel manifestation of the gene function rather than the reduction or loss of the normal one. The gene knockout experiment identified the normal function of OdsH as a modest enhancement of sperm production in young males. The implication of a weak effect of OdsH on the normal phenotype but a strong influence on hybrid male sterility is discussed in light of Haldane's rule of postmating isolation.
A population‐based single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis of genomic aberrations in younger adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients

Adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by a high frequency of abnormal karyotypes some of which are related to outcome. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis provides a highly sensitive platform to detect large and small genomic aberrations. SNP array profiling data in adult ALL are limited and further systematic studies of this patient group are needed. We performed a population‐based SNP array analysis of genomic aberrations and their influence on survival in 66 Lithuanian 18–65 year old ALL patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2013. Most aberrations were detected in chromosome arm 9p, chromosome arm 6q, chromosome arm 13q, and chromosome 17. The recurrently targeted copy number abnormalities involved several leukemia‐related genes—CDKN2A/B, MLL, IKZF1, PAX5, RB1, TP53, and ETV6. We identified several new recurrent aberrations with possible new target genes: SMARCA4 in 19p13.2, RNASEL in 1q25.3, ARHGEF12 in 11q23.3, and LYL1 in 19p13.2. Aberrations in chromosome 13 and the RB1 gene as well as CDKN2A/B gene status were related to the outcome. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bringing critical theory back in at a time of misery: Three beginnings without conclusion

For critical theory, the critique of capitalist society is subversive in character. It dissolves the dogmatic appearance of society as a manifestation of economic nature and rejects traditional anti-capitalist ideas about socialism as a planned labour economy. Traditional theory does not think against the grain of society. Rather, it thinks with the flow of society and in doing so, it disarms itself by looking on the bright site of a hellish world. In contrast, at its best critical theory looks into the eye of the storm to recognise the conditions of misery and to prevent the critique of capitalist conditions from becoming yet another means of capitalist reproduction.
Effect of Diet and Housing on Growth, Body Weight, Survival and Tumor Incidences of B6C3F1 Mice in Chronic Studies

Diet is one of the most important environmental factors influencing growth, body weight, survival, and age-related diseases of rodents in chronic studies. NIH-07 open formula diet was the selected diet for the NTP studies from 1980 to 1994. A new diet designated as NTP-2000 diet is the current diet for mice in the NTP studies beginning in 1994. This report is a summary of results of untreated control groups of B6C3F1 mice fed NTP-2000 or NIH-07 diet from several retrospective 2-year dosed-feed and inhalation studies for differences in growth, body weight, survival, and tumor incidences. The dosed-feed studies were conducted in 3 different facilities located in the United States, and all the inhalation studies were conducted in 1 facility. During dosed-feed studies, male and female mice housed in polycarbonate cages and fed the NTP-2000 diet had lower maximum body weights than those fed NIH-07 diet. However, during inhalation studies, mice housed in wire mesh cages and fed the NTP-2000 diet had higher maximum body weights than the mice fed NIH-07 diet. Survival was higher in groups fed NTP-2000 diet irrespective of sex, housing conditions, or body weight compared to the corresponding groups fed NIH-07 diet. Survival was higher in mice housed in polycarbonate cages irrespective of diet and sex compared to the respective sex and diet groups housed in wire mesh cages. During inhalation studies, survival of male and female mice fed NTP-2000 diet was higher than that of the groups fed NIH-07 diet, although the body weights of NTP-2000 diet groups were higher than those of the groups fed NIH-07 diet. When the NTP-2000 diet was used, male and female mice in dosed-feed studies and male mice in inhalation studies had markedly lower incidences of liver tumors than the corresponding groups fed NIH-07 diet. Significant decreases in the incidences of lung tumors were observed only in the male groups fed NTP-2000 diet during dosed-feed studies. These results suggest that body weight may not be the major contributing factor for mortality and liver tumors and that an interaction between diet and housing conditions appears to affect the growth, survival and tumor incidences of B6C3F1 mice.
THE STABILITY OF BACTERIAL VIRUSES IN SOLUTIONS OF SALTS

1. The seven bacterial viruses of the T group, active against E. coli, are much more rapidly inactivated by heat when suspended in 0.1 N solutions of sodium salts than when suspended in broth. 2. The kinetics of this inactivation whether in salt solutions or in broth are those of a first order reaction. 3. The rate of inactivation of phage T5 in 0.1 N NaCl at 37°C. can be greatly decreased by the addition of 10–8 M concentrations of such divalent cations as Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Cu. 4. An increase in the cation concentration in the suspending medium results in an increase in the stability of phage T5 to the inactivating effects of temperature. 5. The hypothesis is proposed that the increase in stability of phage T5 in the presence of various cations is the result of complex formation between the phage and the metal ion.
Therapeutic potential and limitations of new FAK inhibitors in the treatment of cancer

Importance of the field: Activation of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase focal adhesion kinase (FAK) has been implicated in progression of multiple mesenchymal and epithelial malignant tumors. FAK plays an important role in regulation of proliferation, migration and apoptosis of neoplastic cells. Areas covered in this review: We review the importance of FAK expression as a prognostic marker in cancer patients, discuss the available small-molecule inhibitors of FAK, summarize the available data from early-phase clinical trials with FAK inhibitors and cover the antiangiogenic properties of FAK inhibitors, as well as their potential to overcome chemoresistance. What the reader will gain: This review enables the reader to overview current knowledge about FAK inhibition in cancer therapy and its role in the clinical setting. The reader will be able to consider FAK inhibitors not only as direct antitumor but also as antineoangiogenic agents and drugs that can overcome the problem of chemoresistance. Take home message: Emerging data from early-phase clinical trials with orally available small-molecule inhibitors of FAK are promising. There are early indicators of clinical efficacy. In the future, combination therapy with cytotoxic or antiangiogenic drugs may help to overcome chemoresistance and enhance efficacy of antivascular therapy.
Provider and Practice Characteristics Associated With Antibiotic Use in Children With Presumed Viral Respiratory Tract Infections

Objective. Although overuse of antibiotics in children has been well documented, relatively little information is known about provider and facility characteristics associated with this prescribing practice. This study was done to evaluate the differences in overuse of antibiotics among staff physicians and resident/interns (housestaff [HS]) who work in hospital-based outpatient clinics. Methods. This cross-sectional study involved patient encounters in outpatient departments that were included in the US National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey database from 1995 to 2000. Encounters with patients who were aged <18 years and had a primary diagnosis suggestive of viral respiratory tract infection were evaluated. Patients with comorbid conditions that might justify antibiotic use were excluded. Results. This study included 1952 patient encounters with a primary diagnosis suggestive of a viral infection and 33.2% of these patients receiving antibiotics. Overall, antibiotic use was significantly less among HS (19.5%) than staff physicians (36.4%; odds ratio [OR]: 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33–0.59). This difference between HS (19.5%) and staff physicians (32.5%) persisted even within teaching hospitals (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4-0.7). Among staff physicians, antibiotic use was greater among those who work in nonteaching (39.6%) compared with teaching hospitals (32.5%; OR: 1.51; 95%: CI 1.15-1.98). Controlling for other patient and provider variables, antibiotic use occurred less among HS than among staff physicians in teaching hospitals (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.38-0.75). Conclusions. Antibiotic prescribing in the context of an outpatient visit for a diagnosis suggestive of a viral respiratory tract illness occurs more commonly among staff physicians than trainees and among staff physicians more commonly in nonteaching compared with teaching institutions.
Spontaneous fusion in vivo between normal host and tumor cells: possible contribution to tumor progression and metastasis studied with a lectin-resistant mutant tumor

Previous studies demonstrated that growth in DBA/2 mice of MDW4, a wheat germ agglutinin-resistant (WGAr) mutant of the highly metastatic MDAY-D2 DBA/2 mouse tumor, led to the emergence of WGA-sensitive (WGAs) revertants having higher ploidy levels at the site of inoculation as well as at distant visceral metastases. The results implied that MDW4 was nonmetastatic but progressed to become metastatic in vivo only after a cellular change took place which was accompanied by extinction of the WGAr phenotype and acquisition of a higher number of chromosomes. Results presented here provide strong and direct evidence for the underlying mechanism being spontaneous cell fusion in vivo between the MDW4 (WGAr) tumor cells and normal host cells, at least some of which are of bone marrow origin. Thus, growth of the H-2d MDW4 tumor cells in (C3H X DBA/2)F1 (H-2k X H-2d) or (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 (H-2b X H-2d) mice led to the appearance of WGAs revertants bearing the H-2k or H-2b major histocompatibility complex antigens associated with the C3H or C57BL/6 parental strains, respectively. Similarly, WGAs revertants of MDW4 were found to express H-2k antigens after growth in CBA/HT6T6 (H-2k) leads to DBA/2 bone marrow radiation chimeras. Attempts to mimic the in vivo hybridization process were successful in that in vitro somatic cell fusion between an ouabain-resistant (OuaR), 6-thioguanine-resistant (Thgr) derivative of the MDW4 mutant and either normal bone marrow or spleen cells resulted in loss of the WGAr phenotype in the hybrids (thus showing its recessive character) and increased malignant properties in vivo. An analysis of spontaneous frequencies of re-expression of various drug resistance genetic markers in several hybrid metastatic cells was also consistent with chromosome segregation of the sensitive alleles. The results show that tumor progression and the emergence of metastatic cell variants could arise as a consequence of tumor X host cell fusion followed by chromosome segregation. We also discuss the possibility that this type of event may normally be a very rare one during the growth of tumors, the frequency of which can be artificially amplified by the use of certain classes of lectin-resistant mutants carrying particular cell surface alterations.
Using data mining for service satisfaction performance analysis for mainland tourists in Taiwan

Since Taiwan and mainland China signed the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) across the Taiwan Strait, the number of mainland tourists visiting Taiwan has grown significantly. To cope with the needs of mainland tourists, Taiwan must reinforce the software and hardware facilities and service quality of its entire tourism industry. This will attract more tourists to Taiwan and create more opportunities for the Taiwanese tourism industry. In this article, tourists visiting Taiwan are asked to complete a questionnaire survey; we then use the satisfaction information gathered to perform grey relational analysis so as to understand the best and worst scoring questions related to satisfaction. From the analysis results, it can be seen that in the assessment of satisfaction question performance, Taiwanese cuisine scores the highest, the cleanliness of Taiwan’s streets scores the lowest, and of people interviewed between 30 and 40 years old, more rated satisfaction performance and characteristics negatively.
Do Top 10 Lists of Daily Stock Returns Attract Investor Attention? Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Using the upper price limit‐hitting events, in the Shanghai Stock Exchange in China, as the basis for comparison, we find that limit‐hitting stocks in the top 10 ranking list of daily returns attract more investors' attention, and bring about significant abnormal return in excess of those list‐excluded limit‐hitting stocks. The result is robust after controlling for firm characteristics and market states. Furthermore, the attention distinction caused by the ranking lists is unlikely to be distracted by simultaneous events. Overall, the previous empirical evidence about the ranking lists basically supports the investor attention hypothesis.
The 1992 Vote for President Clinton: Another Brittle Mandate?

Three decades ago, Angus Campbell and his colleagues, acknowledging a debt to V. 0. Key, Jr., classified U.S. presidential elections as three basic types: maintaining, deviating, and realigning. ' With one large amendment, this scheme seems to me to provide a useful way of locating the 1992 presidential contest. With incumbent President George Bush losing to Democratic challenger Bill Clinton by 5.5 percentage points in the popular vote, the election was evidently not maintaining. But with little happening to the mix of party identification, the alignment of social groups, or the configuration of policy preferences, neither was it realigning. It can, however, be thought of as deviating. The prevailing balance of power in presidential electioneering was rocked by short-term demands for change strong enough to give the out-of-power party control of the Executive Branch for the first time in a dozen years. The success of Ross
Analysis of Hawaii ironman performances in elite triathletes from 1981 to 2007.

PURPOSE To examine the improvement in swimming (3.8 km), cycling (180 km), running (42.2 km), and overall performances at the Hawaii Ironman Triathlon of elite males and females between 1981 and 2007. METHODS Trends across years, gender differences in performance times in the three disciplines, and overall winning times of the top 10 males and females were analyzed. RESULTS Overall performance time in the ironman decreased rapidly from 1981 but has remained stable since the late 1980s. From 1988 to 2007, linear regression analysis showed that change in swimming, cycling, running, and total performance for both males and females was less than 1.4% per decade, except for females' running time, which decreased by 3.8% per decade. Since 1988, the mean (SD) gender differences in time for swimming, cycling, running, and total event were 9.8% (2.9), 12.7% (2.0), 13.3% (3.1), and 12.6% (1.3), respectively. CONCLUSIONS After an initial phase of rapid improvement of performances during the 1980s, there was a relative plateau, but at least in running and cycling, there were small improvements. Over the last two decades, gender difference in swimming remained stable while it slightly increased in cycling and decreased in running. The gender difference in ironman total performance is unlikely to change in the future.
Increasing autism prevalence in metropolitan New Jersey

High baseline autism spectrum disorder prevalence estimates in New Jersey led to a follow-up surveillance. The objectives were to determine autism spectrum disorder prevalence in the year 2006 in New Jersey and to identify changes in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder or in the characteristics of the children with autism spectrum disorder, between 2002 and 2006. The cohorts included 30,570 children, born in 1998 and 28,936 children, born in 1994, residing in Hudson, Union, and Ocean counties, New Jersey. Point prevalence estimates by sex, ethnicity, autism spectrum disorder subtype, and previous autism spectrum disorder diagnosis were determined. For 2006, a total of 533 children with autism spectrum disorder were identified, consistent with prevalence of 17.4 per 1000 (95% confidence interval = 15.9–18.9), indicating a significant increase in the autism spectrum disorder prevalence (p < 0.001), between 2002 (10.6 per 1000) and 2006. The rise in autism spectrum disorder was broad, affecting major demographic groups and subtypes. Boys with autism spectrum disorder outnumbered girls by nearly 5:1. Autism spectrum disorder prevalence was higher among White children than children of other ethnicities. Additional studies are needed to specify the influence of better awareness of autism spectrum disorder prevalence estimates and to identify possible autism spectrum disorder risk factors. More resources are necessary to address the needs of individuals affected by autism spectrum disorder.
Organizational form emergence and competing professional schemata of Dutch accounting, 1884–1939

Understanding when new forms will emerge constitutes a core theoretical issue for organizational theory. The ecological theory of form emergence falls short of providing a full explanation because it treats legitimation as a primitive (unexplained) concept. Here, we use Hannan, Polos, and Carroll's (2007) revised theory of organizational evolution to interpret and respecify the legitimation part of the density dependence model. Among other advantages, the respecification allows us to incorporate the insights of the “cultural-frame” institutional perspective. We study early Dutch accounting, an industry setting where form legitimation was fiercely contested by several professional associations in the period 1884–1939. We develop an analytical narrative about the historical legitimation process, and we also present systematic tests of the theory examining predictions about “fuzzy” density and population contrast. Estimated models of firm exit support the revised theory and reveal that fuzziness, induced from fragmented collective action, hampers it.
Employee Representation Legislations and Innovation: Evidence from Manufacturing Sectors

We analyse how sectoral innovation outcomes are affected by national legislations of worker participation to corporate governance. We develop a model of employee representation laws (ERL) and innovation in the presence of incomplete labour contracts and predict heterogeneous ERL effects across different systems of dismissal regulation. We then perform a panel regression analysis, exploiting panel data for five countries over the 1977-2005 period and 21 two-digit manufacturing sectors. We find that ERL effects on aggregate innovation output are positive, statistically significant and higher in magnitude where national labour laws impose significant firing costs to the firm with respect to institutional settings in which firing costs are low or absent. These results are robust to possible technology selection dynamics, endogeneity and institutional changes in the legal system of patent protection. We also estimate ERL effects on innovation conditional on firing costs at an industry level and show that the impact of ERL is relatively larger in those sectors where the human capital contribution to production is higher. Our results have relevant implications for the optimal design of employee representation legislations.