Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linezolid does not increase the risk of thrombocytopenia in patients with nosocomial pneumonia: comparative analysis of linezolid and vancomycin use.

Reports from uncontrolled studies suggest that linezolid is associated with rates of thrombocytopenia higher than those reported in clinical studies. We assessed the risk of thrombocytopenia in 686 patients with nosocomial pneumonia who received linezolid or vancomycin for > or =5 days in 2 randomized, double-blind studies and for whom follow-up platelet counts had been measured. New-onset thrombocytopenia (platelet count of <150x10(9) platelets/L) occurred in 19 (6.4%) of 295 linezolid recipients and 22 (7.7%) of 285 vancomycin recipients with baseline platelet counts of > or =150x10(9) platelets/L; severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count of <50x10(9) platelets/L) occurred in only 1 patient in each group. Platelet counts decreased to less than the baseline level in 4 (6.6%) of 61 linezolid recipients and 5 (11.1%) of 45 vancomycin recipients who had baseline counts of <150x10(9) platelets/L. No patient had a decrease to <20x10(9) platelets/L. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in these or any other platelet assessments. Clinically significant thrombocytopenia was uncommon in our analysis, and linezolid was not associated with a greater risk of thrombocytopenia in seriously ill patients than was vancomycin.
The Investors Reaction to the Disclosure of Key Audit Matters: Empirical Evidence from Jordan

This study aims to examine the investors reaction to the disclosure of key audit matters (KAMs) as mandated by ISA701, the study’s sample consisted of all the (195) public shareholding companies listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) as at the end of 2017, and through which we have conducted a manual content analysis to tracing the auditor practices in reporting KAMs, the final sample consisted of (128) public shareholding companies and for which we used the event study test to examine the study hypothesis, results revealed that the disclosure of KAMs has significantly affected the investors decisions measured by the abnormal trading volume, Our findings suggest that the mandating of KAM’s disclosure has informational value to the investors.
DLG5 R30Q Variant Is a Female-Specific Protective Factor in Pediatric Onset Crohn's Disease

OBJECTIVE:A significant association between the DLG5 variant (R30Q) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been confirmed in several independent adult IBD cohorts. There is growing evidence that gender significantly influences R30Q susceptibility in Crohn's disease (CD). Pediatric onset CD features a significantly lower incidence for female children compared with male children. We, therefore, studied the influence of gender on R30Q susceptibility in an exclusively pediatric onset IBD cohort.DESIGN:A total of 281 CD (181 trios) and 479 population-based controls were genotyped for DLG5 R30Q using Taqman assay. Association was tested by case-control and transmission disequilibrium testing analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate gene–gene and gene–gender interactions, as well as genotype–phenotype correlations.RESULTS:Overall allele frequency for R30Q was 8.5% in CD and 10.3% in controls. Logistic regression showed R30Q had no association with CD (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.55–1.20, P = 0.3) when the cohort was analyzed as a whole. Stratified by gender, a significant negative association was detected for R30Q in female children (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.2–0.77, P = 0.006), but not in male children. Gender was found to be an effect modifier of the association between R30Q and CD as the odds ratios in female children and male children differed significantly. The gender-specific association of R30Q and CD was independent of additional CD risk factors such as CARD15 and IBD5.CONCLUSIONS:DLG5 has a gender-specific role in the susceptibility of pediatric CD. Specifically, the significant negative association found between DLG5 R30Q and CD in female children suggests DLG5 may have a protective effect in CD susceptibility for female children.
The association between alcohol and reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Alcohol consumption may increase gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, cause damage to the esophageal mucosa, and/or promote carcinogenesis. However, reports about the association between alcohol and reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma are conflicting. METHODS Information relating to alcohol consumption, at age 21 and 5 years before the interview date, was collected from 230 reflux esophagitis, 224 Barrett's esophagus, and 227 esophageal adenocarcinoma patients and 260 frequency-matched population controls. Logistic regression analyses were used to compare alcohol consumption in the 3 case groups to controls with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS Population controls reporting gastroesophageal reflux symptoms were less likely than controls without symptoms to drink alcohol 5 years before the interview date (odds ratio [OR], 0.44, 0.20-0.99). No associations were observed between total alcohol consumption 5 years before the interview date and reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, or esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR, 1.26, 0.78-2.05; OR, 0.72, 0.43-1.21; and OR, 0.75, 0.46-1.22, respectively). Wine was inversely associated with reflux esophagitis (OR, 0.45, 0.27-0.75). Total alcohol consumption at age 21 years was significantly associated with reflux esophagitis (OR, 2.24, 1.35-3.74) but not with Barrett's esophagus or esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR, 1.06, 0.63-1.79 and OR, 1.27, 0.77-2.10, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption in early adulthood may lead to the development of reflux esophagitis. More recent alcohol consumption does not appear to confer any increased risk of reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, or esophageal adenocarcinoma. In fact, wine consumption may reduce the risk of these 3 esophageal disorders.
The Financial Determinants of Corporate Cash Holdings for Indonesian Firms

I survey the CFOs of the 250 largest Indonesian companies to learn their views about the financial determinants of corporate cash holdings. Results suggest strong support for an optimal tradeoff approach to cash holdings, and some support for a hierarchy explanation for holding excess cash. Indonesian managers support the views that firms prefer holding larger cash balances to avoid the risk of costly financial distress or bankruptcy and those firms with greater uncertainty in future cash flows tend to hold more cash to prevent under-investment in future profitable projects. I also find support for the view that the primary cause for a firm’s excess cash balances is the accumulation of internally generated cash flows, not the issuance of new securities in the capital markets. Results show mixed support for some agency cost explanations and also find evidence that the managers of firms that exhibit high cash flow volatility may hold more cash to ensure the ability to invest in new profitable projects given that internallygenerated cash flows exhibit high levels of volatility.
Proteomic analysis identifies in vivo candidate matrix metalloproteinase‐9 substrates in the left ventricle post‐myocardial infarction

Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) deletion has been shown to improve remodeling of the left ventricle post‐myocardial infarction (MI), but the mechanisms to explain this improvement have not been fully elucidated. MMP‐9 has a broad range of in vitro substrates, but relevant in vivo substrates are incompletely defined. Accordingly, we evaluated the infarct regions of wild‐type (wt) and MMP‐9 null (null) mice using a proteomic strategy. Wt and null groups showed similar infarct sizes (48±3 in wt and 45±3% in null), indicating that both groups received an equal injury stimulus. Left ventricle infarct tissue was homogenized and analyzed by 2‐DE and MS. Of 31 spot intensity differences, the intensities of 9 spots were higher and 22 spots were lower in null mice compared to wt (all p<0.05). Several extracellular matrix proteins were identified in these spots by MS, including fibronectin, tenascin‐C, thrombospondin‐1, and laminin. Fibronectin was observed on the gels at a lower than expected molecular weight in the wt group, which suggested substrate cleavage, and the lower molecular weight spot was observed at lower intensity in the MMP‐9 null group, which suggested cleavage by MMP‐9. Immunoblotting confirmed the presence of fibronectin cleavage products in the wt samples and lower levels in the absence of MMP‐9. In conclusion, examining infarct tissue from wt and MMP‐9 null mice by proteomic analysis provides a powerful and unique method to identify in vivo candidate MMP substrates.
How IT executives create organizational benefits by translating environmental strategies into Green IS initiatives

Organizations increasingly recognize that environmental sustainability is an urgent problem. Green information systems (Green IS) initiatives can assist organizations in reaching their environmental goals by providing the ability to reduce the environmental impacts of information technology (IT) manufacturing, operations and disposal; facilitate transparency and enhance the efficiency of organizational resources and business processes; and foster eco‐products through technological innovation. However, the nature and type of benefits such initiatives can accrue remain poorly understood, and accordingly, IT executives struggle to integrate environmental aspects in the corporate strategy and to launch Green IS initiatives. This paper clarifies the mechanisms that link organizational beliefs about environmental sustainability to Green IT and Green IS actions undertaken, and the organizational benefits that accrue from these actions. Using data from a global survey of 118 senior‐level IT executives, we find that Green IS strategies mediate the relationship between environmental orientation and the implementation of Green IT practices and Green IS practices, which in turn lead to organizational benefits in the form of cost reductions, corporate reputation enhancement and Green innovation capabilities. Our findings have implications for the potential of IS to enable organizations' environmental sustainability and also for the differentiation of Green IT and Green IS practices.
Targeting the Intratumoral Dendritic Cells by the Oncolytic Adenoviral Vaccine Expressing RANTES Elicits Potent Antitumor Immunity

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen (Ag)-presenting cells capable of inducing immune responses to tumor Ags and, therefore, play a central role in the induction of antitumor immunity. There is a large amount of evidence, however, about paucity of tumor-associated DCs and that DCs' immunogenic functions are suppressed in a tumor environment. Here we describe a potent in situ vaccine targeting tumoral DCs in vivo. This vaccine comprised of an oncolytic adenovirus expressing RANTES (regulated upon activation, normally T expressed, and presumably secreted) (Ad-RANTES-E1A), enhanced tumor infiltration, and maturation of Ag-presenting cells in vivo. In this study, we show that intratumoral vaccinations with Ad-RANTES-E1A induced significant primary tumor growth regression and blocked metastasis formation in JC and E.G-7 murine tumor models. This vaccine recruited DCs, macrophages, natural killer cells, and CD8+ T cells to the tumor site, and thus enhanced Ag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and natural killer cell responses. DCs purified from the Ad-RANTES-E1A–treated E.G-7 tumors secreted significantly higher levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-12, as compared with control groups and more efficiently enhanced CD8+ T-cell response. This in situ immunization strategy could be a potent antitumor immunotherapy approach for aggressive established tumors.
The moon illusion in children's drawings

The full moon subtends an angle of 0.5° and occupies about 1/100th of the landscape in a standard photograph. Artists usually draw the moon much larger than this, particularly when low on the horizon. The relatively large appearance near the horizon is known as the moon illusion. We tested children aged 4-12 years and adults aged about 21 years, asking them to draw the apparent size of the moon on a photocopy of a landscape, both near the horizon and high in the sky. The mean ratio of the low to high moons was 1.57, and the size of the illusion did not vary significantly with age. The illusion, like size-constancy in the near distance, is well established by age 4.
Brown adipose tissue and thermogenesis

Abstract The growing understanding of adipose tissue as an important endocrine organ with multiple metabolic functions has directed the attention to the (patho)physiology of distinct fat depots. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), in contrast to bona fide white fat, can dissipate significant amounts of chemical energy through uncoupled respiration and heat production (thermogenesis). This process is mediated by the major thermogenic factor uncoupling protein-1 and can be activated by certain stimuli, such as cold exposure, adrenergic compounds or genetic alterations. White adipose tissue (WAT) depots, however, also possess the capacity to acquire brown fat characteristics in response to thermogenic stimuli. The induction of a BAT-like cellular and molecular program in WAT has recently been termed “browning” or “beiging”. Promotion of BAT activity or the browning of WAT is associated with in vivo cold tolerance, increased energy expenditure, and protection against obesity and type 2 diabetes. These preclinical observations have gained additional significance with the recent discovery that active BAT is present in adult humans and can be detected by 18fluor-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography coupled with computed tomography. As in rodents, human BAT can be activated by cold exposure and is associated with increased energy turnover and lower body fat mass. Despite the tremendous progress in brown fat research in recent years, pharmacological concepts to harness BAT function therapeutically are currently still lacking.
Improved Importance Sampling for Reliability Evaluation of Composite Power Systems

This paper presents an improved way of applying Monte Carlo simulation using the crossentropy method to calculate the risk of capacity deficit of a composite power system. By applying importance sampling for load states in addition to the generation and transmission states in a systematic manner, the proposed method is many orders of magnitude more efficient than the crude Monte Carlo simulation and considerably more efficient than other crossentropy-based algorithms that apply other ways of estimating the importance sampling distributions. An effective performance metric of system states is applied in order to find optimal importance sampling distributions during presimulation that significantly reduces the required computational effort. Simulations, using well-known IEEE reliability test systems, show that even problems that are nearly intractable using crude Monte Carlo simulation become very manageable using the proposed method.
Fish kill caused by aluminium and iron contamination in a natural pond used for fish rearing: a case report

Contamination of Pansky Pond, in March 2013, with 119 mg/l aluminium, and 87 mg/l iron by acidic (pH 3.17) inflow from a nearby quarry caused fish die-off, while exhibiting symptoms of suffocation. Transfor - mation of soluble forms of aluminium and iron into insoluble forms occurred on fish gill where the content of aluminium and iron was 100-fold and 12-fold, respectively, that found in control fish in an unaffected pond. In addition to insoluble aluminium and iron, gills showed presence of iron bacteria. Histopathology was characterised by expression of reactive processes and regressive alterations resulting in gill tissue necrosis. Impairment of the excretory function of gills was reflected in significantly ( P < 0.01) higher concentrations of ammonia in the blood plasma of exposed fish compared to the control. Damage to parenchymatous tissues (kidney, liver, spleen) of the exposed fish was manifested as dystrophic alterations, higher aluminium and iron content, and enhanced activity of transaminases in blood plasma compared to the control.
Trafficking of Acetyl‐C16‐Ceramide‐NBD with Long‐Term Stability and No Cytotoxicity into the Golgi Complex

The Golgi complex plays a prominent role in the modification and sorting of lipids and proteins, and is a highly dynamic organelle that is dispersed and rearranged before and after mitosis. Several reagents including 4‐nitrobenzo‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole‐labeled C6‐ceramide (NBD‐C6‐ceramide, a ceramide having an NBD‐bound C6‐N‐acyl chain) and Golgi‐specific proteins that emit fluorescence are used as Golgi markers. In the present study, we synthesized a new ceramide analog, acetyl‐C16‐ceramide‐NBD (a ceramide having an acetylated C‐1 hydroxyl group, C16‐N‐acyl chain, and NBD‐bound C15‐sphingosine), and showed that it preferentially accumulated in the Golgi complex without cytotoxicity for over 24 h. Pathways for cellular uptake and interorganelle trafficking of acetyl‐C16‐ceramide‐NBD were investigated. Acetyl‐C16‐ceramide‐NBD was transported to the Golgi complex via ceramide transport proteins. In contrast to NBD‐C6‐ceramide, acetyl‐C16‐ceramide‐NBD was resistant to ceramide metabolic enzymes such as sphingomyelin synthase and glucosylceramide synthase. Because of its weaker cytotoxicity and resistance to ceramide metabolic enzymes, the localization of the Golgi complex could be observed in acetyl‐C16‐ceramide‐NBD‐labeled cells before and after mitosis.
Expanded polystyrene balls: An idea for mosquito control.

Cess pits and pit latrines arc classic breeding places for the urban mosquito C. 'ulfx pipiem, fatigans VVicd. , and are important in the increasingly serious problem of urban filariasis (Mattingly. 1969). In many countries oiling is still the method of choice for controlling this mosquito, although the technique is often fairly ineffective and uneconomical. A number of insecticides have given better results, but resistance to organochlorinc and organophosphorous compounds exist: in several parts of the world (Pant ft al., 1977). The idea presented here is that a floating blanket of expanded polystryreniballs might provide a simple, inexpensive and relatively permanent method of reducing the breeding potential ofC.p.fatigans in domestic habitats without incurring the problem of resistance. Expanded polystyrene mouldings are now commonly used for packing and insulation. The mouldings arc made from spherical beads of polystyrene containing 5 7°,, of pentane. When the beads arc heated to a temperature above 95^C, the polystyrene Ix-gins to soften and the pcntanc is rapidly released from solid solution, causing them to expand. If t inbeads are allowed plenty of room for expansion they form discrete balls of the familiar soft white material. Expanded polystyrene balls (EPBS) are light (10 -15 kg m~ 8 ) . They are not affected by water and arc biologically inert. On water they readily arrange in a close-packed array. In multiple layers the first two or three layers arc wetted but higher ones remain dry. Such multiple layers form a fairly stable 'blanket' over the water: solids or liquids can l>e dropped through it wi thout forming a 'hole'. The balls can be forced aside by hori/ontal sweeping, but provided that the gaps are not too great the cover s<x>n reforms, especially when aided by gentle rippling. Laboratory tests showed that a double layer of EPBS killed all third and fourth instar C.p. faligans larvae, which were unable to penetrate the plastic barrier and so died of anoxia. With a single layer of EPBS the larvae occasionally managed to penetrate, and some survived to pupation. Pupae showed a remarkable ability to force tl^'ir way up through the first layers of EPBS and occasional successful cclosions were noted (Table). Adult females laid their egg rafts on the water in the interstices between EPBS when these were limited to a double layer. Larvae from these eggs developed normally in the first and second instars, obtaining air by wriggling up between the EPBS. Third instar larvae were unable to do this and died soon after ecdysis. Egg-rafts were never laid when the top EPBS were dry although female mosquitoes worked their way clown through the dry layers for up to 1 cm. These preliminary observations suggest that a layer of EPBS. 3 f) cm thick, could IKused to control mosquitoes breeding in st i l l water, polluted or clean, provided that the
Clinical epidemiological analysis of 173 supernumerary molars

Abstract Objectives: To determine the prevalence of supernumerary molars in a sector of the population of Madrid, as well as the possible complications associated with the presence of hypergenetic molars. Materials and methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was carried out, which included a data assessment of all patients (13557) seeking dental care at a hospital's department of oral surgery across 4 years. The proposed methodology consisted of preparing a medical record in order to obtain data on the medical record number, age and sex of the patient, radiological findings such as location and type of supernumerary molar, retained/erupted molar, related accidents and tooth morphology. Results. Supernumerary molars were found to be present in 130 patients, representing a prevalence of 0.96% of the total population studied. These patients had a total of 173 hypergenetic molars, consisting of 137 distomolars and 36 paramolars Mechanical-obstructive pathology was associated with 28.9%, whereas enlargement of the follicular sack bigger than 3 mm was present in 16.2% of the sample. Conclusion: Supernumerary molars are usually diagnosed as a coincidental radiological finding without any associated pathology. However a higher percentage of comorbidity was found than initially expected.
Can Collusion Promote Corporate Social Responsibility? Evidence from the Lab

Competition has been argued to erode socially responsible behavior in markets, suggesting that allowing cartel agreements among firms may promote public interest objectives. We test this idea in a laboratory experiment. Participants playing the role of firms choose between offering a OfairO and an OunfairO good to a consumer participant. When the unfair good is traded, a negative externality is imposed on a third party. We vary whether or not the firms are allowed to coordinate on the type of good they sell Ð while remaining in price competing. We find that the opportunity to coordinate leads to more coordinated equilibria, but has no significant impact on the fraction of fair goods traded on the market. Instead it polarizes: more of the same good, fair or unfair, is offered in coordination. Irrespective of whether quality coordination between firms is allowed, participants are more likely to trade the fair good, the stronger their third-party preferences are. These findings suggest that both consumer and managerial values are more important drivers of socially responsible behavior than opportunities for firms to coordinate their corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. We highlight implications for competition policy, where cartels may be exempted on CSR grounds.