Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment of psychosis: 30 years of progress

Background: Thirty years ago, psychiatrists had only a few choices of old neuroleptics available to them, currently defined as conventional or typical antipsychotics, as a result schizophrenics had to suffer the severe extra pyramidal side effects. Nowadays, new treatments are more ambitious, aiming not only to improve psychotic symptoms, but also quality of life and social reinsertion. Our objective is to briefly but critically review the advances in the treatment of schizophrenia with antipsychotics in the past 30 years. We conclude that conventional antipsychotics still have a place when just the cost of treatment, a key factor in poor regions, is considered. The atypical antipsychotic drugs are a class of agents that have become the most widely used to treat a variety of psychoses because of their superiority with regard to extra pyramidal symptoms. We can envisage different therapeutic strategies in the future, each uniquely targeting a different dimension of schizophrenia, be it positive, negative, cognitive or affective symptoms.
How the ankle joint angle alters the antagonist and agonist torques during maximal efforts in dorsi‐ and plantar flexion

The aim of this study was to assess, via an EMG bio‐feedback method, the ankle joint angle effect on the agonist and antagonist torques in plantar‐ (PF) and dorsi‐flexion (DF). The isometric PF and DF maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) torques were measured simultaneously with surface EMG activity of triceps surae (TS) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in 12 young adults (mean age 27) at five different ankle joint angles. Our results showed that: (i) The coactivation level does not properly reflect the mechanical effect of the antagonist muscle, (ii) TS antagonist torque significantly altered the DF MVC–angle relationship, whereas TA antagonist torque did not influence this MVC–angle relationship in PF. The alteration of the MVC with angular position was due, in part, to the coactivation phenomenon in DF, but not in PF. Thenceforth, when investigating the torque at the ankle joint, it is necessary to take into account both agonist and antagonist torque modifications with ankle joint angle.
Differences in corporate social responsibility disclosure between Japan and the USA

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how and why disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) information was influenced by independent directors in Japan and the USA. Design/methodology/approach The author used a pooled cross-sectional data set of 498 Fortune Japanese and American firms between 2006 and 2011 and fixed effects estimation method. The author analysed the results by employing a comparative approach between the two national contexts. Findings This study found that independent directors in Japanese firms had a significant positive effect on CSR disclosure whilst no evidence was found in the US firms, although the proportion of independent directors on American boards traditionally and largely outnumbers that of the Japanese counterparts. Originality/value The study results offer an insight that independent directors could be evaluated in terms of effectiveness and efficiency in CSR disclosure. The findings support the stakeholder theory in Japanese globalised companies while challenging the theory in the US context, thereby calling for further research into the stakeholder engagement models, particularly in the USA.
Effectiveness of multidisciplinary care for Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial

Multidisciplinary care is considered an optimal model to manage Parkinson's disease (PD), but supporting evidence is limited. We performed a randomized, controlled trial (RCT) to establish whether a multidisciplinary/specialist team offers better outcomes, compared to stand‐alone care from a general neurologist. Patients with PD were randomly allocated to an intervention group (care from a movement disorders specialist, PD nurses, and social worker) or a control group (care from general neurologists). Both interventions lasted 8 months. Clinicians and researchers were blinded for group allocation. The primary outcome was the change in quality of life (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire; PDQ‐39) from baseline to 8 months. Other outcomes were the UPDRS, depression (Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Scale; MADRS), psychosocial functioning (Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease‐Psychosocial; SCOPA‐PS), and caregiver strain (Caregiver Strain Index; CSI). Group differences were analyzed using analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline values and presence of response fluctuations. A total of 122 patients were randomized and 100 completed the study (intervention, n = 51; control, n = 49). Compared to controls, the intervention group improved significantly on PDQ‐39 (difference, 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.5–6.2) and UPDRS motor scores (4.1; 95% CI: 0.8–7.3). UPDRS total score (5.6; 95% CI: 0.9–10.3), MADRS (3.7; 95% CI: 1.4–5.9), and SCOPA‐PS (2.1; 95% CI: 0.5–3.7) also improved significantly. This RCT gives credence to a multidisciplinary/specialist team approach. We interpret these positive findings cautiously because of the limitations in study design. Further research is required to assess teams involving additional disciplines and to evaluate cost‐effectiveness of integrated approaches. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) versus escitalopram in major depressive disorder.

OBJECTIVE To examine the comparative antidepressant efficacy of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) and escitalopram in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. METHOD One hundred eighty-nine outpatients (49.7% female, mean [SD] age = 45 [15] years) with DSM-IV-diagnosed major depressive disorder (MDD) were recruited from April 13, 2005, to December 22, 2009, at the Massachusetts General Hospital and at Butler Hospital. Patients were randomized for 12 weeks to SAMe 1,600-3,200 mg/d, escitalopram 10-20 mg/d, or placebo. Doses were escalated at 6 weeks in the event of nonresponse. The main outcome measure was the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17). Tolerability was assessed by the Systematic Assessment for Treatment of Emergent Events-Specific Inquiry (SAFTEE-SI). RESULTS All 3 treatment arms demonstrated a significant improvement of about 5-6 points in HDRS-17 scores (P < .001 for all), and no significant differences were observed between the treatment arms (P > .05 for all). Response rates in the intent-to-treat sample were 36% for SAMe, 34% for escitalopram, and 30% for placebo. Remission rates were 28% for SAMe, 28% for escitalopram, and 17% for placebo. No comparisons between treatment groups attained significance (P > .05 for all). Tolerability was good, with gastrointestinal side effects (19% for stomach discomfort and 20% for diarrhea) as the most common in the SAMe arm. Significant differences were observed between treatment groups for dizziness, anorgasmia, diminished mental acuity, and hot flashes (P < .05 for all). CONCLUSIONS The results fail to support an advantage over placebo for either the investigational treatment SAMe or the standard treatment escitalopram for MDD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00101452.
A Simple Data Transformation Technique for Inverse Scattering Applications in Waveguides

A new method, which can be considered as a calibration technique to transform the measured raw S-parameters of a rectangular waveguide partially filled with a dielectric material into the desired reference planes, is presented. The method is based on the removal of errors arising from the multiple reflections and imperfections of the system elements such as adapters and connectors, through the T-parameter matrix representation of the system. The measured raw data are transformed into the terminal planes of the waveguide by simply calculating frequency-dependent complex coefficients. After this transformation, a quite satisfactory match is observed between the experimentally measured and numerically calculated S -parameters for different types of materials and configurations. The calibrated measured data are also used in the inverse problem to determine the dielectric permittivity of the materials, and the preliminary reconstruction results are very promising.
Efferent tectal pathways of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana)

Efferent tectal pathways have been determined for the opossum, Didelphis virginiana, by employing the Nauta‐Gygax technique ('54) on animals with tectal lesions of varying sizes. The superior colliculus projected tectothalamic fascicles to the suprageniculate nucleus, the central nucleus of the medial geniculate body, the lateral posterior thalamus, the pretectal nucleus, the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, the fields of Forel and zona incerta, the parafascicular complex, the paracentral thalamic nucleus and in some cases to restricted areas of the anterior thalamus. Degenerating fibers from superior collicular lesions showed profuse distribution to the deeper layers of the superior colliculus on both sides and to the midbrain tegmentum, but only minimally to the red nucleus and substantia nigra. Fibers of tectal origin did not distribute to the motor nuclei of the oculomotor or trochlear nerves. At pontine levels, efferent fascicles from the superior colliculus were present as an ipsilateral tectopontine and tectobulbar tract and as a crossed predorsal bundle. The tectopontine tract ended mostly within the lateral and ventral basal pontine nuclei, whereas the ipsilateral tectobulbar tract distributed to certain specific areas of the reticular formation throughout the pons and medulla, minimally to the most medial portion of the motor nucleus of the facial nerve and to the nucleus of the inferior olive. The predorsal tract contributed fascicles to certain nuclei of the pontine raphe, extensively to the medial reticular formation of the pons, to the central and ventral motor tegmental nuclei of the reticular formation within the pons and medulla, to the paraabducens region, minimally to cells within restricted portions of the motor nucleus of the facial nerve, to certail specific regions of the caudal medulla and to the cervical cord as far caudally as the fourth segment. The tectospinal fascicles were few but some ended related to the spinal accessory nucleus and the ventral medial nucleus of the ventral horn.
Disclosure, Competition and Learning from Asset Prices

I study voluntary disclosure of oligopoly firms when they learn information from asset prices. By disclosing information, a firm incurs a cost of losing competitive advantage to its rivals but benefits from learning from a more informative asset market. Adding a financial market helps the product market to escape from a bad nondisclosure equilibrium. Firms' disclosure decisions can exhibit strategic complementarity, leading to multiple equilibria. Due to the endogenous disclosure behavior of firms, more fierce competition in the product market can reduce consumer surplus and total surplus, and more noise trading in the financial market can increase price informativeness.
Strategy-as-Coping in Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Social Process of Collective Sensing for Acquisition Opportunities

We explore what may be learned from managerial practices of an established medium-sized enterprise (“MSE”) in surviving and thriving during a recession. Drawing on a Strategy-as- Practice (“SAP”) view of managerial action, an improvised strategic process was observed in four acquisitions undertaken by the MSE when its closely-knit management reacted to operational pressure by improvising ideas for potential acquisitions. This process, which we call “collective sensing”, occurred within unscheduled “get-togethers” in the workplace, when participants enacted a range of roles in a routine of sensing potential acquisitions. We explain collective sensing by viewing it as a consistent pattern of actions among top managers who used get-togethers as a creative platform for identifying a stream of potential acquisitions, including potentially valuable opportunities that have been overlooked in the market. Several contributions are proposed for developing and using collective sensing in SMEs as a practical managerial process that can produce high-potential acquisitions.
Factors influencing customer purchase intention towards halal logo on food packaging in Melaka

This research aims to examine the factors influencing Melaka Muslim community in purchase intention towards halal logo on food packaging. Theory of Planned Behaviour is used as theoretical framework and there are three factors in influencing customer purchase intention which are attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. Questionnaires were distributed to the 170 Muslims respondent which randomly selected in shopping complex or supermarket area in Melaka City. The data was analysed using statistical package, descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were applied in this research in order to identify relationship and the most important factors. The results indicated that attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control have positive relationship to intention on purchasing food packaging with halal logo. The most important factor that influence consumer purchase intention towards halal logo was attitude and subjective norm.
How eWord of Mouth valences affect price perceptions

The influence of electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) on consumers’ perceptions of price, allowing for consumers having different price acceptability levels, was examined through nine online experiments. Three valences of eWOM were systematically examined: positive, negative, and inconsistent, that is, both positive and negative present in the word-of-mouth communication. When contemplating making a purchase of an item, consumers have ranges of prices that would be acceptable. It was found that eWOM was more influential on consumers’ price perceptions than the advertised price for all price acceptability levels. However, the price perception of an item was found to be less acceptable when eWOM was inconsistent compared to when eWOM was absent or was positive. Inconsistent eWOM had a negative effect on price perceptions but not as great as that when negative eWOM was present and this was consistently found to apply for all price acceptability levels. The market context for the experiments was that of a tourism service, a Group Package Tour in Japan. We present the study’s implications for practitioners in this type of market, as well as the contribution to the research literature on word-of-mouth influence on consumer response to prices.
Prognostic relevance of RUNX1 mutations in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The runt-related transcription factor 1, RUNX1, is crucial in the development of myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages and has been reported to be mutated in myeloid malignancies in approximately 30% of cases. In this study, the mutational status of RUNX1 was investigated in 128 acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. We detected a mutation rate of 18.3% (13 of 71) in patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 3.8% (2 of 52) in patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and no mutation (0 of 5) in patients with natural killer cell leukemia, respectively. In T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, RUNX1 mutations were significantly associated with higher age (P=0.017) and lower white blood cell count (P=0.038). Moreover, an inferior outcome was observed in the subgroup of early T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients carrying RUNX1 mutations for overall survival (P=0.043). In conclusion, RUNX1 mutations are an important novel biomarker for a comprehensive characterization of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with poor prognostic impact and have implications for use also in monitoring disease.
The Economic Costs of Financial Distress

We estimate the economic costs of financial distress by exploiting cross-supplier variation in real estate assets and leverage, and the timing of real estate shocks. We show that for the same client buying from different suppliers, its purchases from suppliers in financial distress decline by an additional 10% following a drop in local real estate prices. The effect is more pronounced in more competitive industries, manufacturing and durable goods industries, for producers of less-specific goods, and when the costs of switching suppliers are low. Our results suggest that the indirect costs of financial distress are economically important.
Homelessness, survival sex, and Human Trafficking: As Experienced by the Youth of Covenant House Ne

There were two primary objectives of this study: 1) develop and scientifically validate an assessment tool that will enable CHNY staff, and potentially other runaway and homeless youth service providers, to better identify victims of trafficking among homeless youth; and 2) gain essential information regarding the trafficking experiences of CHNY youth in order to a) enhance services and practices to better prevent trafficking among homeless youth and assist survivors of trafficking and b) provide empirical data that is lacking in the anti-human trafficking field to inform policy at all levels of government.
Group-specific polysaccharide antigen and humoral antibody response in disease due to Neisseria meningitidis.

In 87 patients with disease due to Neisseria meningitidis of group C, group-specific polysaccharide antigen in serum and spinal fluid was measured and the specific immune response was assessed. Sera drawn at time of admission from 29% of the patients contained concentrations of antigen ranging from 0.02 to 1.25 [tg/ml. The level of antigen in serum before treatment correlated inversely with amounts of platelets, fibrinogen, and white blood cells in blood at admission. In five patients with severe fulminant meningococcemia, antigen increased fourfold within 18 hr after penicillin was administered. Platelet counts after 36 hr of treatment with antibiotic correlated inversely to amount and duration of antigen in serum before that time. The induction phase of the group-specific antibody was shorter in those without detectable antigen in serum than in persons with antigen in their sera (median, 24 vs. 60 hr). The clearance of antigen from the serum appeared to relate to the formation of bactericidal antibody. Cerebrospinal fluid from 70% of those with bacteriologic evidence of meningitis contained detectable levels of antigen ranging from 0.02 to 20 [tg/ml. High concentrations of antigen were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis and coma.
Comparison of 3D and 2D FSE T2-weighted MR imaging in the diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis: preliminary results

Poster: "ECR 2011 / C-2243 / Comparison of 3D and 2D FSE T2-weighted MR imaging in the diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis: preliminary results" by: "M. Bazot1, A. stivalet2, I. Thomassin-Naggara1, E. Darai1, C. Coudray1, E. Poncelet3; 1Paris/FR, 2puteaux/FR, 3Lille/FR"
Stress Triggering of the 1994 M = 6.7 Northridge, California, Earthquake by Its Predecessors

A model of stress transfer implies that earthquakes in 1933 and 1952 increased the Coulomb stress toward failure at the site of the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. The 1971 earthquake in turn raised stress and produced aftershocks at the site of the 1987 Whittier Narrows and 1994 Northridge ruptures. The Northridge main shock raised stress in areas where its aftershocks and surface faulting occurred. Together, the earthquakes with moment magnitude M ≥ 6 near Los Angeles since 1933 have stressed parts of the Oak Ridge, Sierra Madre, Santa Monica Mountains, Elysian Park, and Newport-lnglewood faults by more than 1 bar. Although too small to cause earthquakes, these stress changes can trigger events if the crust is already near failure or advance future earthquake occurrence if it is not.
Does CFPB Oversight Crimp Credit?

We study the effects of regulatory oversight by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) on credit supply as well as bank risk-taking, growth, and operating costs. We use a difference-in-differences approach, making use of the fact that banks below a $10 billion size cutoff are exempt from CFPB supervision and enforcement activities. We find little evidence that CFPB oversight significantly reduces the overall volume of mortgage lending. However, we find some evidence of changes in the composition of lending? CFPB-supervised banks originated fewer loans to risky borrowers, offset by an increase in large ? jumbo? mortgages. We find no clear evidence of substitution in lending between bank and nonbank subsidiaries, or effects on asset growth or bank noninterest expenses.
The Dark and Bright Side of Networking Behavior: A Resource-Theoretical Cost-Benefit Approach

Networking behavior leads to career success in the long term. However, networking research has widely neglected to examine how people directly experience networking, particularly with regard to short-term personal costs. Shedding light on potential costs, however, is important because it allows individuals to make more informed decisions about whether and how to use networking as a career strategy. Adopting a resource-theoretical approach, I build upon conservation of resources and ego depletion theory to develop and test a model capable of explaining how networking behavior has a dark and bright side. My central research question is: How does networking behavior affect energy resources, defined as highly volatile resources inherent in a person? Data from two laboratory (N = 334) and two field studies (N = 328) show that networking simultaneously depletes and generates energy resources. On the dark side, networking encompasses several processes (e.g., impression management) that deplete self-regulatory energy resources. Extraversion serves as a buffer against the depleting effect of networking behavior. On the bright side, networking behavior generates affective energy resources, as manifested by positive affect. Taken together, following networking behavior, people can be described as “depleted, but happy”. Furthermore, networking behavior and energy resource processes are related to attitudinal (e.g., work-related well-being) and productive (e.g., work performance) outcomes on a daily basis. Findings should be integrated into future human resources practices and networking trainings to stimulate a critical reflection of networking behavior as a universal career strategy.
Long-Term Transport Energy Demand and Climate Policy: Alternative Visions on Transport Decarbonization in Energy Economy Models

Decarbonizing transport will be necessary to limit global warming below 2 °C. Due to persistent reliance on fossil fuels, it is posited that transport is more difficult to decarbonize than other sectors. To test this hypothesis, we compare long-term transport energy demand and emission projections for China, USA and the world from five large-scale energy-economy models. We diagnose the model's characteristics by subjecting them to three climate policies. We systematically analyze mitigation levers along the chain of causality from mobility to emissions, finding that some models lack relevant mitigation options. We partially confirm that transport is less reactive to a given carbon tax than the non-transport sectors: in the first half of the century, transport mitigation is delayed by 10–30 years compared to non-transport mitigation. At high carbon prices towards the end of the century, however, the three global models achieve deep transport emission reductions by >90% through the use of advanced vehicle technologies and low-carbon primary energy; especially biomass with CCS (carbon capture and sequestration) plays a crucial role. The extent to which earlier mitigation is possible strongly depends on implemented technologies and model structure. Compared to the global models, the two partial-equilibrium models are less flexible in their reaction to climate policies.