Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calretinin expression in specific neuronal systems in the brain of an advanced teleost, the grey mullet (Chelon labrosus)

The distribution of calretinin (CR) in the brain of an “advanced” teleost, the grey mullet, was studied by using immunoblotting and immunocytochemical techniques. In immunoblots of protein extracts of rat and mullet brains, the CR antibody stained a single band of about 29 kDa. CR immunoreactivity was observed in specific neuronal populations of all brain regions. The primary olfactory system, the optic nerve fibers, and some sensory fibers of other cranial nerves exhibited strong CR immunoreactivity. In the forebrain, the CR‐immunoreactive (CR‐ir) populations were scarce in the telencephalon and hypophysiotrofic hypothalamus, but numerous in many specialized nuclei of the diencephalon (preglomerulosus complex, nucleus glomerulosus, anterior glomerular nucleus, nucleus diffusus) and pretectum (parvocellular and magnocellular superficial pretectal nuclei, central pretectal nucleus), which are related to sensory systems. The two main forebrain bundles, medial and lateral, contained numerous CR‐ir fibers. The midbrain sensory centers (optic tectum and torus semicircularis) exhibited numerous CR‐ir cells and fibers. Likewise, the secondary gustatory nucleus of the isthmus is one of the nuclei exhibiting more intense CR immunoreactivity. Characteristically, the efferent cerebellar system (eurydendroid cells and brachium conjunctivum) and some afferent cerebellar fibers were CR‐ir. In the medulla oblongata, a number of reticular cells, the inferior olive, and the magnocellular octaval nucleus exhibited CR immunoreactivity. CR‐ir motoneurons were also observed in the spinal cord and in the oculomotor nucleus. Together with results obtained in other vertebrates, present results suggest that neural systems using calretinin to maintain intracellular calcium concentration have been rather well conserved during vertebrate evolution. J. Comp. Neurol. 426:81–105, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of a Broadband, Wide-Beam Hollow Cavity Multilayer Antenna for Phased Array Applications

A broadband and wide-beam antenna with a hollowcavity multilayer H-shaped slot structure is presented and manufactured by microwave multilayers laminate technology (MLT) simultaneously. Numerical investigation and experiment on a 64-element (8×8 ) array has been implemented, which is composed of the proposed antenna elements that have been designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna embedded in the array is beyond 25% with the reference of S11 <;-10 dB. The phased array composed of the presented antenna is able to cover ±60° wide-angle scanning range with low scanning gain loss.
The effectiveness of a watersoluble synthetic acrylic polymer in enhancing reinforcing action of silica in carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber latex

Carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) latex was filled with surface modified precipitated silica. Surface modification of silica was affected in an aqueous medium by reacting with a synthetic polymer (SP) containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. The effectiveness of SP in enhancing reinforcing action of silica in XNBR latex films was evaluated through investigation of mechanical properties of vulcanized latex films cast from XNBR latex compounds filled with modified silica over a range of 5 to 20 phr loadings. Tear strength, which is an important mechanical property in certain latex based products like gloves, of modified silica filled cast films was found to be improved in comparison with that of unmodified silica filled cast films. Tear properties of cast films were continued to increase within the range of filler loadings investigated. An optimization of tensile strength was observed at 15phr filler loading in films containing modified fillers and it exceeds the tensile strength of unmodified filler added films with same loading. Morphological studies performed by scanning electron microscopy illustrated that a better distribution of modified filler particles within the XNBR matrix has occurred which may be a consequence of the discouragement of filler aggregation with surface modification. Surface modification of silica has improved the reinforcement action on XNBR.
Binding of Clostridium botulinum C2 Toxin to Asparagine-linked Complex and Hybrid Carbohydrates*

Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin is a binary toxin composed of an enzymatic subunit (C2I) capable of ADP-ribosylating actin and a binding subunit (C2II) that is responsible for interaction with receptors on eukaryotic cells. Here we show that binding of C2 toxin depends on the presence of asparagine-linked carbohydrates. A recently identified Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant (Fritz, G., Schroeder, P., and Aktories, K. (1995) Infect. Immun. 63, 2334–2340) was found to be deficient inN-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I. C2 sensitivity of this mutant was restored by transfection of anN-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I cDNA. C2 toxin sensitivity was reduced after inhibition of α-mannosidase II. In contrast, Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants deficient in sialylated (Lec2) or galactosylated (Lec8) glycoconjugates showed an increase in toxin sensitivity compared with wild-type cells. Our results show that the GlcNAc residue linked β-1,2 to the α-1,3-mannose of the asparagine-linked core structure is essential for C2II binding to Chinese hamster ovary cells.
Unfavorable Polysomnographic Sleep Patterns Predict Poor Sleep and Poor Psychological Functioning 3 Years Later in Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome

Background: Amongst the variety of disorders affecting sleep, restless legs syndrome (RLS) merits particular attention. Little is known about long-term outcomes for sleep or psychological functioning following a diagnosis of RLS. The aim of the present study was thus to evaluate sleep and psychological functioning at a 3-year follow-up and based on polysomnographic measurements. Method: Thirty-eight patients (18 female and 20 male patients; mean age: 56.06, SD = 12.07) with RLS and sleep electroencephalographic recordings were followed-up 33 months later. Participants completed a series of self-rating questionnaires related to sleep and psychological functioning. Additionally, they completed a sleep log for 7 consecutive days. Results: Age, male gender, increased light sleep (S1, S2) and sleep onset latency, along with low sleep efficiency, predicted psychological functioning and sleep 33 months later. Specifically, sleep fragmentation predicted poor psychological functioning, and both sleep fragmentation and light sleep predicted poor sleep. Conclusions: In patients with RLS, irrespective of medication or duration of treatment, poor objective sleep patterns at diagnosis predicted both poor psychological functioning and poor sleep about 3 years after diagnosis. The pattern of results suggests the need for more thorough medical and psychotherapeutic treatment and monitoring of patients with RLS.
The ‘Thalamic Hubness’ of Anterior Temporal Lobectomy Outcome

Commentary The study by He et al., showed that thalamic hubness may serve as a potential biomarker for seizure outcome after anterior temporal lobectomy. But, before the results of the present study are considered, we need to understand two overarching concepts— the current thinking about the role of thalamus in focal seizure generation and maintenance, and the basics of graph theory. The mechanistic role of thalamus in generation and maintenance of focal and generalized epilepsies was initially proposed in the 1950’s by Penfield based on his work and the work of others, including Jasper et al. (1). While initially considered important for seizure generation and maintenance in generalized epilepsies, thalamic participation as a hub in the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) network has been increasingly recognized (2). This and other imaging studies have confirmed the thalamic involvement previously observed in animal and human electrophysiologic recordings in the maintenance of consciousness during seizures and the relationship between surgical outcomes and the presence or absence of thalamic involvement (3). Further, a recent structural connectivity study indicated that thalamic bilateral dorsomedial and pulvinar region atrophy and alternations in thalamotemporal connectivity as measured with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) predicted surgery failure (4). Thus, thalamic participation in seizure generation and maintenance based on the available literature is unquestionable. But, how thalamic involvement relates to seizure intractability and how functional connectivity fits into this picture is unclear, and this is where the paper by He et al. brings some needed clarity. The second issue is to understand the concept of ’graph theory’—a concept that is likely esoteric to a practicing neurologist. In general, it is clear that complex systems, like those of a human brain, consist of elements that interact with each other. These systems exhibit dynamic behaviors that cannot be deduced from simple analysis of isolated regions. This is where in some situations graph theory may come into play as it allows for mathematical analysis and description of complex systems (5,6). Concepts used in graph analyses include ’hubs’ and ’hubness’, ’edges’, ’betweenness’, ’efficiency’, ’centrality’, ’resilience’, and so on. These complex concepts may be difficult to understand by a nonmathematician. Thus, let’s try a simple travel analogy to explain graph theory and the terms Presurgical Thalamic “Hubness” Predicts Surgical Outcome in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.
A Novel Mechanism of Ion Homeostasis and Salt Tolerance in Yeast: the Hal4 and Hal5 Protein Kinases Modulate the Trk1-Trk2 Potassium Transporter

ABSTRACT The regulation of intracellular ion concentrations is a fundamental property of living cells. Although many ion transporters have been identified, the systems that modulate their activity remain largely unknown. We have characterized two partially redundant genes fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae, HAL4/SAT4 andHAL5, that encode homologous protein kinases implicated in the regulation of cation uptake. Overexpression of these genes increases the tolerance of yeast cells to sodium and lithium, whereas gene disruptions result in greater cation sensitivity. These phenotypic effects of the mutations correlate with changes in cation uptake and are dependent on a functional Trk1-Trk2 potassium transport system. In addition, hal4 hal5 and trk1 trk2 mutants exhibit similar phenotypes: (i) they are deficient in potassium uptake; (ii) their growth is sensitive to a variety of toxic cations, including lithium, sodium, calcium, tetramethylammonium, hygromycin B, and low pH; and (iii) they exhibit increased uptake of methylammonium, an indicator of membrane potential. These results suggest that the Hal4 and Hal5 protein kinases activate the Trk1-Trk2 potassium transporter, increasing the influx of potassium and decreasing the membrane potential. The resulting loss in electrical driving force reduces the uptake of toxic cations and improves salt tolerance. Our data support a role for regulation of membrane potential in adaptation to salt stress that is mediated by the Hal4 and Hal5 kinases.
Fire, disease and water in Ottawa: an introduction.

By the end of the nineteenth century control of fire and disease had become a scientific and technical reality that opened the way to a social transformation in the city. To effect such control, however, imposed a series of demands on urban politicians, among them one for an adequate supply of pure water. In Ottawa, the response to the new and necessarily collective imperatives was pinched, niggardly and slow. Much of the explanation—as the three papers that follow suggest—lay in politics, especially in its socio-economic base and ideological attitudes.
Altered Bile Acid Metabolism in Nonobese, Spontaneously Diabetic (NOD) Mice

Cholesterol and bile acid metabolism was examined in nonobese, spontaneously diabetic (NOD) female mice before and after the development of diabetes. After the development of glucosuria, the plasma and liver cholesterol levels, gallbladder bile weight after 5-h fasting, biliary cholesterol, phospholipid and bile acid concentrations, the lithogenic index, the pool size of bile acids, and fecal sterol excretion markedly increased, but fecal bile acid excretion and fractional turnover rates for the cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid groups decreased. The distribution percentage of bile acids in the small intestine did not change, but it increased in the gallbladder and decreased in the large intestine. One striking finding was a change in the bile acid composition: increases were recorded in cholic and deoxycholic acids while decreases occurred in bile acids derived from chenodeoxycholic acid, such as β-muricholic and ursodeoxycholic acids in the bile and α-muricholic, β-muricholic, ω-muricholic, and hyodeoxychollc acids in the feces. Therefore, the cholic acid group/chenodeoxycholic acid group (CA/CDCA) ratio increased in the bile, feces, and small and large intestines after the development of diabetes. These changes were very similar to those observed in alloxan-treated mice, suggesting that the changes found in NOD mice are caused by insulin deficiency.
Prevalence of Personality Disorders in Community-Living Elderly

There has been limited research on the prevalence of personality disorders in the aged. No studies have documented the extent of personality disorders in community-dwelling elderly with the use of a structured scale specifically designed to detect personality disorders and anchored to DSM-III-R criteria. One hundred male and 100 female community-living elderly (mean age, 72.1 years) were administered the Structured Interview for Disorders of Personality-Revised to compare prevalence rates for specific personality disorders with those of young adults (mean age, 41.7 years) and to identify demographic variables associated with personality disorders in the elderly. Results indicate a tendency toward fewer personality disorders in older than young adults, no differences in the frequency of personality disorders between male and female elderly, and significantly more prior mental health consultations in elderly with personality disorders than in elderly without these disorders. Aging processes and methodologic issues that could accountfor differences in personality disorder distribution between young and older adults are discussed. Recommendations for future research are outlined.
The relationship between electronic health records and malpractice claims.

Comment. Leaders in our region are concerned regarding the extent of nonmedical use of prescription drugs and are taking a multifaceted approach to address prescription drug abuse, including increased interprofessional provider education that focuses on patient screening and collaborative accountability; expanded utility of the controlled substance monitoring databases; and propagation of local take-back events. This approach is in alignment with the Office of National Drug Control Policy’s 2011 Prescription Drug Abuse Prevention Plan. Participation in take-back events is the only direct, environmentally sound method for patients to remove scheduled medications from their home. In a region where 12.1% of 12to 17-year-olds and 6.2% of individuals 18 years and older reportedly use OPRs for nonmedical purposes and sales of OPRs per capita are disproportionately high, removal of 1128 containers and more than 11 000 doses of controlled substances may have a considerable impact on the potential for drug diversion in this region. It is noteworthy that a majority of donors traveled 10 miles or less to a donation site, which reveals the limited geographical coverage of take-back events in our rural Appalachian region. These data suggest that geographical proximity needs to be considered as permanent controlled substance disposal methods are legislated and developed. Moreover, the regional impact of take-back events may be enhanced considerably by expanding the number of local and communitybased take-back events. Conservatively, we would need to execute 5 to 10 times as many take-back events to encourage optimal regional participation; however, the challenges of take-back event expansion can be considerable because many resources for implementation are required, including collaboration between the DEA, law enforcement agencies, and community volunteers. The Secure and Responsible Drug Disposal Act of 2010 encourages “a variety of methods of collection and disposal of controlled substances. ” Drug take-back events serve multiple purposes through proper disposal of medications donated by regional residents; however, the extent to which such programs are addressing the prescription drug abuse epidemic has yet to be determined.
Methods of Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction: Pharmacologic

Over the years, multiple forms and doses of pharmacologic agents have been used for cervical ripening and labor induction. This chapter will review potential criteria and article situations for choosing a particular pharmacologic agent. The discussion in this chapter will be limited to comparisons between pharmacologic agents; direct comparisons between mechanical agents and pharmacologic agents will largely be reviewed in the accompanying article: Methods of cervical ripening and labor induction: mechanical. For the purposes of this discussion, the term labor induction will be limited to patients with a “favorable cervix” by Bishop’s score <6,1 whereas the term cervical ripening will be limited to patients with an unfavorable cervix and includes subsequent induction or augmentation of labor. Although the pharmacologic agent used for the initial cervical ripening process is the focus of this discussion, subsequent treatment with oxytocin may or may not be required for delivery.
The effect of primed goals on employee performance: Implications for human resource management

Overwhelming evidence in the behavioral sciences shows that consciously set goals can increase an employee's performance. Thus, HR professionals have had little, if any, reason to be interested in subconscious processes. In the past decade, however, laboratory experiments by social psychologists have shown that goals can be primed. That is, people's behavior is affected by goals of which they are unaware. Because a conscious goal consumes cognitive resources, this finding has important implications for employee efficiency in the workplace. This paper discusses the results of priming a performance goal in two organizational settings. Call center employees who were primed using a photograph of a woman winning a race raised significantly more money from donors than those who were randomly assigned to a control group. A meta-analysis revealed that a photograph can prime the subconscious to increase job performance. The results of the present study demonstrate that subconscious motivation is a concept worthy of exploration for both human resource scholars and practitioners. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effect of Acute Distal Radioulnar Joint Laxity on Outcome After Volar Plate Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine whether intraoperative laxity of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is associated with adverse postoperative outcomes after volar plate fixation of a distal radius fracture (DRF) and 4 weeks of immobilization. Designs: Prospective study with clinical and radiographic assessment. Setting: Level 1 trauma center. Patients: One hundred consecutive patients were treated by volar locking plate fixation at our institution for an unstable DRF from April 2007 to November 2009. Of these patients, 84 patients with a minimum follow-up of 12 months were enrolled in this study. Intervention: Intraoperative DRUJ laxity was evaluated using a radioulnar stress test after fixation of DRF using volar locking plate and splint immobilization of the forearm for 1 month in patients with intraoperative DRUJ laxity. Patients were allocated to an unstable group or stable group according to the presence of intraoperative DRUJ laxity. Main Outcome Measurements: Our primary outcome measure was disabilities of arm, shoulder, and hand score and the secondary outcome measures were wrist motion, grip strength, modified Mayo wrist score, visual analogue scale for wrist pain, and ongoing pain in the DRUJ. Results: Nineteen of the 84 study subjects were allocated to the unstable group and 65 to the stable group. No significant differences were observed between 2 groups in wrist range of motion, grip strength, modified Mayo wrist score, disabilities of arm, shoulder, and hand score, visual analogue scale score, and ongoing pain in the DRUJ at 1 year postoperatively. Conclusions: In our series of patients treated with volar locking plate and immobilization of the forearm for 1 month in patients with intraoperative laxity of the DRUJ, laxity did not affect impairment, pain, or disability 1 year after fracture. However, the role of postoperative immobilization of the forearm is debatable and merits additional study. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Twenty years post‐NIH Revitalization Act: Enhancing minority participation in clinical trials (EMPaCT): Laying the groundwork for improving minority clinical trial accrual

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act of 1993 mandated the appropriate inclusion of minorities in all NIH‐funded research. Twenty years after this act, the proportion of minority patients enrolled in cancer clinical trials remains persistently low. Clinical trials are vehicles for the development and evaluation of therapeutic and preventive agents under scientifically rigorous conditions. Without representation in trials, it is projected that disparities in the cancer burden for minorities will increase.
On-Road Vehicle Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission Distributions in Las Vegas, Nevada, Compared with Other Areas

Abstract During the spring and summer of 2000, 2001, and 2002, gaseous and particulate matter (PM) fuel-based emission factors for ∼150,000 low-tailpipe, individual vehicles in the Las Vegas, NV, area were measured via on-road remote sensing. For the gaseous pollutants (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxide), a commercial vehicle emissions remote sensing system (VERSS) was used. The PM emissions were determined using a Lidar-based VERSS. Emission distributions and their shapes were analyzed and compared with previous studies. The large skewness of the distributions is evident for both gaseous pollutants and PM and has important implications for emission reduction policies, because the majority of emissions are attributed to a small fraction of vehicles. Results of this Las Vegas study and studies at other geographical locations were compared. The gaseous pollutants were found to be close to those measured by VERSS in other U.S. cities. The PM emission factors for spark ignition and diesel vehicles are in the range of previous tunnel and dynamometer studies.
Pharmacodiagnostic Value of the HER Family in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Two protooncogene products, EGFR (Her-1, c-erbB-1) and HER2 (Her-2/neu, c-erbB-2), have been reported to be frequently overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In order to identify patients who may benefit from targeted cancer treatment for these two molecules, we determined the expression status of EGFR and HER2 in 129 HNSCC tumor specimens. Two pharmacodiagnostic kits (EGFR pharmDx™ and HercepTest™) were used to identify HNSCC tumors that overexpress EGFR or HER2. Overexpression of EGFR was detected in 42.6% of the tumor specimens, while HER2 was only rarely expressed (overexpression was observed in just 3.1% of all cases). Given the necessity of new therapeutic modalities for patients suffering from HNSCC, treatment EGFR signaling inhibitors appears to be warranted, whereas therapeutic intervention with HER2 inhibitors seems to be inappropriate in this tumor type.