Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of 2 Different Thoracolumbar Orthoses on the Stability of the Spine During Various Body Movements

Study Design. Biomechanical volunteer study. Objective. To quantify the stabilizing effect of 2 different semirigid thoracolumbar orthoses during various body movements. Summary of Background Data. Various spinal diseases need to be treated by immobilization. The literature shows, that the immobilizing effect of orthoses strongly depends on the orthosis design and on the loading direction. Few data are available for loading directions other than flexion and extension. Methods. Ten young and healthy volunteers (22–44 yr, 5 male, 5 female) performed 4 different tasks: full active flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation as well as a full active everyday movement (flexion plus lateral bending plus axial rotation). These tasks were carried out without orthosis, with the DorsoFX (BORT GmbH, Weinstadt-Benzach, Germany) and with the SofTec Dorso orthosis (Bauerfeind AG, Zeulenroda-Triebes, Germany). The flexibility of the spine was measured using a 3-dimensional motion capturing system (Zebris Medical GmbH, Isny, Germany). Additionally, the pressure exerted by the orthoses on the subject's body surface was measured using a pressure sensor (Tekscan Inc., South Boston, MA). Results. The range of motion significantly decreased in all loading planes by 42% to 69%. The movement with the largest decrease was axial rotation and the smallest decreases were observed in extension (DorsoFX), flexion and the everyday movement (SofTec Dorso), respectively. The differences between the 2 orthoses were small and not statistically significant. The pressure between orthosis and the body surface was similar for both orthoses but differed between the movements. Conclusion. Both orthoses had a similar stabilizing effect on the thoracolumbar spine. The stabilizing effect differed between the 4 movements, which indicates that all loading planes should be tested to understand the effect of an orthosis completely. Complete immobilization of the thoracolumbar spine was not possible with either of the 2 orthoses, but the stability increase was statistically significant. Level of Evidence: N/A
Histochemistry. Theoretical and Applied

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Dementia: A Clinical Approach

1. Dementia: Significance, Definition, and Epidemiology 2. Mental Status Assessment 3. Diagnosis of Dementia 4. Alzheimer's Disease 5. Vascular Dementia 6. Frontotemporal Dementia and the Asymmetric Cortical Atrophies 7. Parkinsonian Disorders with Dementia 8. Non-Parkinsonian Motor Disorders with Dementia 9. Dementia from Conventional Infectious Agents 10. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Other Prion Disorders 11. Toxic-Matabolic Causes of Dementia 12. Psychiatric Dementias Associated with Psychiatric Disorders 13. Miscellaneous Dementia Syndromes 14. Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias 15. Non-Pharmacologic Management of Dementia 16. Conclusions and Directions Index
The Use of Bipolar Radiofrequency Microtenotomy in the Treatment of Chronic Tendinosis of the Foot and Ankle

ABSTRACT Tendinosis is a chronic degenerative condition that afflicts both professional and recreational athletes, as well as people that perform repetitive-type tasks in the workplace. Basic science research over the past 10 years has shown that tendinosis is a degenerative condition and not an inflammatory condition. Precursor studies have shown that radiofrequency stimulation, both in the heart and in the field of wound healing, has led to increased angiogenesis. Basic science studies at our institution have shown increased angiogenesis and growth factor acceleration after the application of bipolar radiofrequency. Early clinical studies have shown that the application of low dose radiofrequency in chronic tendinosis of the Achilles tendon, lateral and medial epicondyle, and patellar tendon have yielded good to excellent results in 90% to 95% of the cases. Further clinical studies have shown that the application of the technology through a minimally invasive procedure yielded similar results in the foot and ankle, specifically the Achilles tendon, plantar fascia, and peroneal and posterior tibial tendons. The technique is simple, minimally invasive, and has a rapid rehabilitation component. Results over 3 years have continued to show 90% to 95% good to excellent results.
Coping Amidst Life Adversity in Post-Conflict Societies: Qualitative Revelations from Communities in Eastern Uganda

Coping Amidst Life Adversity in Post-Conflict Societies: Qualitative Revelations from Communities in Eastern Uganda There is paucity of research about how previously internally displaced people in post-conflict Uganda cope amidst adversity and trauma. Understanding factors that underlie coping amidst such adversity is vital in identifying resilience and health promoting behaviors. We conducted 8 FGDs in 4 sub-counties in Uganda between March and May 2009. We tape-recorded and transcribed the data. We used thematic analysis to manage, analyze and interpret the data. We constantly identified and compared themes and sub-themes in the dataset as we read the transcripts.
Robotic-Assisted Simple Prostatectomy

Simple prostatectomy performed by any approach declined in the last 15 years. In 2012, 5% of all simple prostatectomies were performed laparoscopically in the US. Few large series limited to robotic prostatectomies have been published, with limited data on retreatment rates. However, existing data suggest that robotic prostatectomy is associated with equivalent functional outcomes, a significant reduction in transfusion rates, decreased hospital length of stay, and no difference in hospital charges compare to the open approach.
Protective Effect of Hyaluronic Acid on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis in Rats

Purpose: We investigated the effect and duration of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the bladder of rats with cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. Materials and Methods: CYP (250 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally in female Sprague-Dawley rats to induce cystitis. HA (0.5%) was instilled intravesically. First, the rats were separated into 2 groups for urodynamic study (CYP group, CYP+HA group), and we assessed the inter-contraction interval, maximal voiding pressure (MVP), and pressure threshold of the 2 groups. Second, the rats were separated into 3 groups to assess the duration of effect of HA (CYP group; HA-1 group: HA was instilled 1 day before injection of CYP; HA-3 group: HA was instilled 3 days before injection of CYP), and we assessed the voiding interval for 7 days after confining the rats in metabolic cages. Results: The inter-contraction interval of the CYP+HA group (236.018.3 min) was significantly longer than that of the CYP group (178.013.4 min; p 1.2 vs. 34.02.4 cmH2O, respectively; p=0.56). The pressure threshold of the CYP+HA group (9.90.5 cmH2O) was significantly longer than that of the CYP group (13.20.7 cmH2O; p=0.002). The voiding interval decreased in each of the 3 groups according to the time after cystitis had been induced. The voiding interval was maximally decreased on the second day and returned to the pre-CYP injection level on the fifth day in each group. There was a significant difference in voiding interval among the 3 groups on the second day (p0.05). Conclusions: HA has an effect of increasing the voiding interval in rats with CYP-induced cystitis, and the duration of effect is concluded to be 5 days.
Cervical Radiographical Alignment: Comprehensive Assessment Techniques and Potential Importance in Cervical Myelopathy

Study Design. Narrative review. Objective. To provide a comprehensive narrative review of cervical alignment parameters, the methods for quantifying cervical alignment, normal cervical alignment values, and how alignment is associated with cervical deformity and myelopathy with discussions of health-related quality of life. Summary of Background Data. Indications for surgery to correct cervical alignment are not well-defined and there is no set standard to address the amount of correction to be achieved. In addition, classifications of cervical deformity have yet to be fully established and treatment options defined and clarified. Methods. A survey of the cervical spine literature was conducted. Results. New normative cervical alignment values from an asymptomatic volunteer population are introduced, updated methods for quantifying cervical alignment are discussed, and describing the relationship between cervical alignment, disability, and myelopathy are outlined. Specifically, methods used to quantify cervical alignment include cervical lordosis, cervical sagittal vertical axis, and horizontal gaze with the chin-brow vertical angle. Updated methods include T1 slope. Evidence from a few recent studies suggests correlations between radiographical parameters in the cervical spine and health-related quality of life. Analysis of the cervical regional alignment with respect to overall spinal pelvic alignment is emerging and critical. Cervical myelopthay and sagittal alignment of the cervical spine are closely related as cervical deformity can lead to spinal cord compression and tension. Conclusion. Cervical deformity correction should take on a comprehensive approach in assessing global cervical-pelvic relationships and the radiographical parameters that effect health-related quality of life scores are not well-defined. Cervical alignment may be important in assessment and treatment of cervical myelopathy. Future work should concentrate on correlation of cervical alignment parameters to disability scores and myelopathy outcomes. Summary Statements. Statement 1: Cervical sagittal alignment (cervical SVA and kyphosis) is related to thoracolumbar spinal pelvic alignment and to T1 slope. Statement 2: When significant deformity is clinically or radiographically suspected, regional cervical and relative global spinal alignment should be evaluated preoperatively via standing 3-foot scoliosis X-rays for appropriate operative planning. Statement 3: Cervical sagittal alignment (C2-C7 SVA) is correlated to regional disability, general health scores and to myelopathy severity. Statement 4: When performing decompressive surgery for CSM, consideration should be given to correction of cervical kyphosis and cervical sagittal imbalance (C2-C7 SVA) when present.
Long‐term outcome of hepatitis B e antigen–positive patients with compensated cirrhosis treated with interferon alfa

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether interferon alfa (IFN‐α) treatment‐associated virological and biochemical remission improves survival in a cohort of 90 white patients with compensated cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B (Child A) followed for a mean period of 7 years. Inclusion criteria were biopsy‐proven cirrhosis, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positivity, abnormal serum aminotransferase levels, exclusion of hepatitis delta virus, and absence of complications of cirrhosis. Of the 40 IFN‐treated patients, 27 (67%) showed sustained HBeAg loss with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization. Of the 50 untreated patients, 30 (60%) cleared HBeAg, but only 21 (42%) normalized ALT after HBeAg loss. Compared with the untreated patients, IFN‐treated patients had similar cumulative rates of HBeAg clearance (P = .48), but higher rates of ALT normalization (P = .016) and of HBsAg loss (P = .028). During follow‐up, liver‐related death occurred in 8 treated patients, caused by liver failure in 5 and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 3; all 8 had continued to be HBeAg‐positive with elevated ALT. None of the treated patients undergoing remission developed liver‐related complications. At univariate analysis, life expectancy was longer in treated patients showing sustained remission than in those who did not (5‐year survival: 100% vs. 81%; P = .048). Fourteen untreated patients died (from liver failure in 10 and HCC in 4); all but 3 had continued to be HBeAg‐positive with elevated ALT. Cox's model identified age and ALT normalization as the only significant predictors of survival. In conclusion, in patients with HBeAg‐positive compensated cirrhosis, virological and biochemical remission following IFN therapy is associated with improved survival.
Validated HPLC method for the standardization of Phyllanthus niruri (herb and commercial extracts) using corilagin as a phytochemical marker.

Phyllanthus niruri L. , commonly known in Brazil as 'quebra-pedra', has long been used in the treatment of diverse diseases and especially urolithiasis. The therapeutic effects of P. niruri are attributed to various compounds present in the plant, including the hydrolysable tannin corilagin. In the present study, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-/PAD) profiles of leaves and commercial extracts of P. niruri were examined and three compounds, found to be present in all of the samples studied, were isolated by open column chromatography over C18)silica gel followed by preparative HPLC. These compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance as corilagin, rutin and ethyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate. Corilagin, which has been proposed as a phytochemical marker for P. niruri, was employed as an external standard in the development and validation of a rapid and efficient qualitative and quantitative HPLC assay for the analyte. The method may be applied in the standardization of herbs and phytomedicines commercialized in Brazil as quebra-pedra.
Formulation, characterisation and in vivo evaluation of lipid-based nanocarrier for topical delivery of diflunisal

Abstract Diflunisal (DIF) is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis. The current engrossment was aimed at formulation and assessment of DIF-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for topical/dermal application. SLNs formulated by hot homogenisation method based on microemulsification technique were spherical with a mean size of 124.0 ± 2.07 nm; PDI 0.294 ± 0.15. The cumulative amount permeated/area was 109.99 ± 0.008 μg/cm2, along with permeation flux (6.30 ± 0.09 μg/cm2/h) and skin retention (11.74 ± 0.155 μg/cm2) across mice skin. The SLNs of DIF showed significant decrease in fluid volume, granuloma tissue weight, leukocyte count/mm3 after application of SLN formulation in mice air pouch model. Similarly, in mice ear oedema and rat paw oedema model, there was 2.30 and 1.29 time increase in percentage inhibition of oedema after SLN formulation application, respectively, as compared with conventional cream. Hence, the SLNs of DIF may prove to be a potential nanocarrier to effectively treat the local inflammatory conditions associated with arthritis.
Regional hyperthermia of the abdomen in conjunction with chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis: Evaluation of two annular-phased-array applicators

Background. Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a stage of gynecological and gastrointestinal malignancies with poor prognosis. Options for enhancing the effect of standard chemotherapy, such as aggressive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy, have limitations. In this phase I/II study, we evaluated regional hyperthermia of the pelvis and abdomen using the annular-phased-array technique as an adjunct to chemotherapy. Methods. Forty-five patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (with or without liver metastases) in colorectal cancer (CRC) (n = 16), ovarian cancer (OC) (n = 17), or gastric/pancreatic/biliary cancer (n = 12) underwent standard chemotherapy and regional hyperthermia. Most CRC patients received second-line chemotherapy. All OC patients were platinum resistant. Regional hyperthermia was applied using a SIGMA-60 applicator (OC), a SIGMA-Eye/MR applicator (CRC), or various ring applicators (gastric/pancreatic/biliary cancer). Results. Abdominal regional hyperthermia was well tolerated, with acceptable acute discomfort and no long-term morbidity. The SIGMA-Eye/MR applicator achieved higher systemic temperatures (associated with higher systemic stress) and more effective heating of the upper abdomen; the SIGMA-60 applicator achieved higher temperatures (and power densities) in the pelvis. Three-year overall survival was encouraging for patients with CRC (22%) and OC (29%) but not gastric/pancreatic/biliary cancer. For the SIGMA-60 applicator (patients with OC), higher measured temperatures at the vaginal stump correlated with better outcome. Conclusions. The SIGMA-60 and SIGMA-Eye/MR applicators are feasible for abdominal heating and have low toxicity. The SIGMA-60 applicator is specifically suitable for malignancies with high pelvic burden; the SIGMA-Eye/MR applicator better heats the upper abdomen, including the liver. Further randomized investigations are warranted.
Emergence agitation after cataract surgery in children: a comparison of midazolam, propofol and ketamine

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether the concurrent use of either of a subhypnotic dose of midazolam, propofol or ketamine with fentanyl just before discontinuing the sevoflurane anesthesia would effectively sedate the children as they recovered and significantly decrease the incidence and severity of emergence agitation and would not delay patient awakening and discharge.
Laser ablation is more effective for spongiform than solid thyroid nodules. A 4-year retrospective follow-up study

Abstract Purpose: Laser ablation (LA) is used as therapeutic modality for reducing the volume of large benign thyroid nodules. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy of LA therapy in patients with benign non-functioning thyroid nodules in a 4-year follow-up and evaluate whether different compactness of nodules may influence the final shrinkage. Patients and methods: Fifty-six euthyroid patients (42 females; mean age 54.7 ± 11.7 years) with benign cold thyroid solitary nodules or a dominant nodule within a multinodular goitre underwent LA between July 2009 and March 2012. Nodule volume, thyroid function test and ultrasound were monitored at baseline, and at 3, 6 and 12 months after the procedure, then annually. Results: With a mean baseline volume of 15.7 ± 11.7 mL, nodule volume decreased by 55.5% (6.5 ± 5.7 mL) 4 years after LA (p < .01). Nodules had a significant decrease at 3 and 6 months, thereafter they remained stable, with an insignificant tendency to re-growth at 48 months. Thyroid functions and antibodies were unchanged throughout the follow-up. When dividing nodules into solid and spongiform, the former decreased at 6 months, remained stable up to 24 months, but showed a non-significant tendency to increase thereafter. Spongiform nodules progressively decreased up to 48 months. The difference in nodules’ reduction between solid and spongiform nodules was significant from 3 months (p = .04) and became even more significant up to 48 months (p = .001). Conclusions: The LA technique succeeded in reducing thyroid nodules by about 50% at 4 years, but was more effective for spongiform than solid nodules.
Perioperative Complications of Spinal Metastases Surgery

The incidence of symptomatic spinal metastasis has increased due to treatment improvements and longer patient survival. More patients with spinal tumors are choosing operative treatment with an associated increased rate of perioperative complications. Operative metastatic disease treatment complication rates have also increased with overall rates ranging from 5.3% to 76.20%. The common surgical-related complications are iatrogenic dural injury and wound complications. The most common postoperative medical complications are delirium, pneumonia, and deep vein thrombosis. Risk factors for perioperative complications after spinal metastatic surgery include older age, multilevel of spinal metastases, preoperative irradiation, low preoperative Karnofsky Performance Score (10–40) and multiple comorbidities. Charlson Comorbidity Index and New England Spinal Metastasis Score were significant predictor of 30-day complications. The reoperation rate is 10.7%, and the reoperation is most commonly performed in the same admission. In addition, the 30-day mortality rate in this patient population is ∼7% (0.9%–13%) and is influenced by the type of cancer, disease burden, and patient comorbidities. We reviewed the prevalence and risk factors of common perioperative complications that occur with surgical treatment of metastatic spine disease, in an effort to guide the spine surgeon in anticipating and potentially avoiding these complications.
Current status and future prospects of clinical trials on CRS + HIPEC for gastric cancer peritoneal metastases

Abstract Purpose: There is no standard treatment for peritoneal metastases (PM) from gastric cancer (GC). The aim of this review is to evaluate the clinical trials on cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for GC PM. Materials and methods: The published clinical trials on CRS + HIPEC for GC PM are critically evaluated, and survival and safety are the primary endpoints. In addition, the registered ongoing clinical trials are summarised. Results: The natural course of GC PM is <5 months. CRS + HIPEC could improve the overall survival (OS). In prospective studies, the median OS was 11.0 months in the CRS + HIPEC group vs. 5.4 months in the CRS alone group. In case-control studies, the median OS was 13.3 months in the CRS + HIPEC group vs. 7.9 months in the CRS alone group. In cohort studies, the median OS after CRS + HIPEC was 13.3. The median 1-, 2- and 5-year survival rates after CRS + HIPEC were 50.0%, 35.8% and 13.0%, respectively. There is no statistically significant increase in serious adverse events that are directly attributed to CRS + HIPEC. Conclusions: The combination of CRS and HIPEC is a promising integrated treatment strategy for GC PM that has encouraging initial results, calling for urgent further evaluation of this strategy in randomised control trials (RCTs).