Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RECOGNIZING MANTLE PLUMES IN THE GEOLOGICAL RECORD

■ Abstract Mantle plumes are recognized by domal uplift, triple junction rifting, and especially the presence of a large igneous province (LIP), dominated in the Phanerozoic by flood basalts, and in the Proterozoic by the exposed plumbing system of dykes, sills, and layered intrusions. In the Archean, greenstone belts that contain komatiites have been linked to plumes. In addition, some carbonatites and kimberlites may originate from plumes that have stalled beneath thick lithosphere. Geochemistry and isotopes can be used to test and characterize the plume origin of LIPs. Seismic tomography and geochemistry of crustal and subcrustal xenoliths in kimberlites can identify fossil plumes. More speculatively, plumes (or clusters of plumes) have been linked with variation in the isotopic composition of marine carbonates, sea-level rise, iron formations, anoxia events, extinctions, continental breakup, juvenile crust production, magnetic superchrons, and meteorite impacts. The central region of a plume is located using the focus of a radiating dyke swarm, the distribution of komatiites and picrites, etc. The outer boundary of a plume head circumscribes the main flood basalt distribution and approximately coincides with the edge of domal uplift that causes shoaling and offlap in regional sedimentation.
Enhancing Learning through Collaboration in an Online Discussion Forum: Students' Perceptions in a Computer Architecture Course

This article describes the results of a qualitative analysis of online learning to support traditional learning forming a blended approach by introduction of an asynchronous discussion forum in a Learning Management System. A group of computer science students were introduced to an online discussion forum where they are able to participate and work together in order to build on their knowledge by posting to a number of discussion threads and sharing resources in an effort to enhance learning. Factors related to enhancing student engagement among online learners resulting from this study includes developing understanding of concepts by reading comments by other students, flexibility of access to learning materials and learner control over the pace of study aimed at developing greater learner reflection. A discussion forum has been chosen in a Learning Management System in order to achieve one learner community where materials can be shared and knowledge is built by power sharing between the lecturer and student. The research results show that implementation of an asynchronous discussion forum in a Learning Management System enhances student collaboration thereby improving learning.
Acquisitional evidence against the phonological syllable

La syllabe est consideree traditionellement comme une des unites fondamentales de la phonologie. L'A. veut demontrer qu'il n'y a aucune raison pour prendre la syllabe comme unite. Pour se justifier, il contredit certaines evidences: l'unite de la syllabe; la structure de la syllabe; les limites de la syllabe, le poids de la syllabe
Quality in South African early learning centres: Mothers’ and teachers’ views and understanding

This study investigated how quality in early learning centres (preschools) in South Africa was experienced and perceived by mothers and teachers. A theoretical framework, based on a model of quality development by Woodhead (1996), informed the study. This framework that consists of input (structural), process and outcome quality indicators is a well-established model for quality development, which has been used in developing countries. The findings generated from a thematical analysis of interview data showed that aspects perceived by mothers and teachers as quality indicators in early learning centres were predominantly process indicators and hard to ‘measure’ in a quantitative way. For mothers and teachers, children’s social-emotional well-being, holistic development, a normative foundation for values and respect, effective infrastructure and accountable learning indicated quality. A quality school climate enhances emotional and social well-being, and the findings suggest that for mothers and teachers quality concerns were not about that which the early learning centres have provided in terms of facilities (input indicators), but rather about the process indicators where centres promote children’s holistic well-being. The only outcome indicator that was regarded as extremely important by mothers and important, but not to the same extent, by teachers, is whether children are happy and content and enjoying school.
The Relationship between Physical Health Problems and Couple Violence and Conflict in Survivors of the 2004 Tsunami: Mediation by Marital Satisfaction

The impact of the 2004 East Asian Tsunami on Buddhist, Sri Lankan mothers’ relationships was investigated in this study. More specifically, the relationship between increased violence and conflict post-Tsunami and the daily intrusiveness of Tsunami-related persisting physical health problems was examined in a sample of 170 women, nearly four years after the disaster. Mediation by marital satisfaction, on the relationship between these variables, after controlling for mental health status was also tested. Increased couple violence or conflict post-Tsunami was significantly and positively related to the daily effect of persistent physical health problems resulting from the Tsunami. Full mediation was revealed through a pronounced path model negatively linking increased couple violence and conflict with marital satisfaction, and negatively linking marital satisfaction to the influence of physical health challenges.
Analysis of Muscloskeletal symptom among workers in rubber industry

Although Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) represents a common occupational problem, few epidemiological studies have investigated MSDs among industrial workers. MSDs are a common industrial health problem throughout the world and a serious cause of disability among the industrial workers.The goal of the study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (ache, pain, or discomfort) among rubber workers in Iran, using the standard Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ). The study population consisted of 100 males with mean age 31.73. Out of every 10 workers, in the last work week, seven reported complaints in the lower legs. The results are also indicated age and experience were significantly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms in the different body regions.
1 State-ofthe-Art Review on FRP Sandwich Systems for Lightweight Civil Infrastructure 1

3 Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sandwich systems as primary load-bearing elements are 4 relatively new concepts in lightweight civil infrastructure. These systems offer a combination 5 of light weight, high strength, thermal insulation for some types, and service-life benefits. 6 Recent developments and applications have demonstrated that these composite systems have 7 emerged as a cost-effective alternative, especially when each material component is 8 appropriately designed. Still, some issues and challenges need to be addressed if FRP systems 9 are to gain widespread use in civil infrastructure. This paper provides an overview of the state10 of-the-art research, development, and applications of FRP sandwich systems. It also identifies 11 the challenges and future opportunities for the broad use of these advanced systems in civil 12 engineering and construction. 13 Authors keywords: Sandwich systems; Fiber reinforced polymer; civil engineering; 14 developments; challenges; opportunities. 15 _________________________________ 16 Corresponding Author, Senior Lecturer in Civil Engineering (Structural), Centre of Excellence in Engineered 17 Fiber Composites, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, 18 Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia (corresponding author), E-mail: manalo@usq.edu. au 19 Director and Professor in Structural Engineering, Centre of Excellence in Engineered Fiber Composites, Faculty 20 of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, 21 Australia. E-mail: Thiru.Aravinthan@usq.edu. au 22 Professor and Donald and Sarah Munro Chair Professor in Engineering and Applied Science, Dept. of Civil 23 Engineering, Queen’s Univ., ON, Canada K7L3N6. Email: fam@civil.queensu. ca 24 Professor of Civil Engineering, Tier-1 Canada Research Chair in Advanced Composite Materials for Civil 25 Structures and NSERC Research Chair in Innovative FRP Reinforcement for Concrete Structures, Dept. of Civil 26 Engineering, Univ. of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K 2R1. E-mail: 27 Brahim.Benmokrane@USherbrooke.ca 28 Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript CCENG1709R1_Sandwich_Review(Clean). docx
Intrinsic and extrinsic controls on lake phytoplankton synchrony as illustrated by algal pigments

Temporal coherence or synchrony measures the extent to which ecosystem change and timing are similar among lakes and can be used to infer the relative importance of interna! (lake-specific) and external (e.g. climate, land-use practises) mechanisms in regulating ]ake variability (MAGNUSON & KRATZ 2000). A high degree o f synchrony suggests that external regional factors control lake variability, whereas low coherence implies that variation among sites arises from site-specific processes ( food-web interactions, morphometry, ete.). In this paper, we quantified temporal coherence o f phytoplankton communities in six ! ak e s o f the Qu' Appelle Valley watershed in Saskatchewan, Canada. We hypothesized that the high degree of external forcing associated with the severe continental climate in this region would result in a high degree o f population synchrony des p i te the diverse physico-chemical nature o f these lakes.
Modelling factors associated with long-term prescription patterns of analgesia for musculoskeletal conditions in primary care

Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is a major reason why people consult their general practitioner. Analgesia plays a central role in its treatment but do not always work, resulting in the need to switch amongst analgesia potency levels. Stronger analgesia is however associated with increased adverse effects. The aim was to investigate the use of robust statistical approaches to determine sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with receiving and switching, prescribed analgesia in primary care management of MSK pain. The first phase reviewed statistical methods previously used in modelling medication switching, and established that Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models were predominantly used. The second phase investigated the prevalence of prescribed analgesia, factors associated with being prescribed analgesia, and prescription patterns in the management of new MSK conditions using a general practice database. In 3236 incident consulters, 42% were prescribed analgesia, NSAIDs being most prescribed. In a 5 year follow-up period, three prescription patterns were identified: no analgesia or basic analgesia only, use of NSAIDs, and multiple-potency analgesia combinations. The main baseline factors associated with being prescribed analgesia, and stronger analgesia were increasing age and having been previously prescribed analgesia. The third phase used Cox and Weibull frailty models to identify factors associated with switching analgesia and switching to stronger analgesia. The main factors identified were age, gender and initially prescribed analgesia. The fourth phase used a prevalent cohort of 1610 patients aged 50+ with linked selfreported and medical record data. Patient-reported factors such as level of physical function and pain interference were also associated with switching of analgesia. Using a propensity score approach to modelling outcomes suggested those who switched analgesia did not have better three year outcomes, but further research is required to establish if switching analgesia is beneficial in reducing pain and improving function.
Efficient development of human language technology resources for resource-scarce languages

Abstract The development of linguistic data, especially annotated corpora, is imperative for the human language technology enablement of any language. The annotation process is, however, often time-consuming and expensive. As such, various projects make use of several strategies to expedite the development of human language technology resources. For resource-scarce languages – those with limited resources, finances and expertise – the efficiency of these strategies has not been conclusively established. This study investigates the efficiency of some of these strategies in the development of resources for resource-scarce languages, in order to provide recommendations for future projects facing decisions regarding which strategies they should implement. For all experiments, Afrikaans is used as an example of a resource-scarce language. Two tasks, viz. lemmatisation of text data and orthographic transcription of audio data, are evaluated in terms of quality and in terms of the time required to perform the task. The main focus of the study is on the skill level of the annotators, software environments which aim to improve the quality and time needed to perform annotations, and whether it is beneficial to annotate more data, or to increase the quality of the data. We outline and conduct systematic experiments on each of the three focus areas in order to determine the efficiency of each. First, we investigated the influence of a respondent’s skill level on data annotation by using untrained, sourced respondents for annotation of linguistic data for Afrikaans. We compared data annotated by experts, novices and laymen. From the results it was evident that the experts outperformed the nonexperts on both tasks, and that the differences in performance were statistically significant. Next, we investigated the effect of software environments on data annotation to determine the benefits of using tailor-made software as opposed to general-purpose or domain-specific software. The comparison showed that, for these two specific projects, it was beneficial in terms of time and quality to use tailor-made software rather than domain-specific or general-purpose software. However, in the context of linguistic annotation of data for resource-scarce languages, the additional time needed to develop tailor-made software is not justified by the savings in annotation time. Finally, we compared systems trained with data of varying levels of quality and quantity, to determine the impact of quality versus quantity on the performance of systems. When comparing systems trained with gold standard data to systems trained with more data containing a low level of errors, the systems
Prevalence and incidence studies of pressure ulcers in two long-term care facilities in Canada.

: A study was initiated to determine the prevalence and incidence of pressure ulcers in two long-term care facilities in Canada, one with 95 residents and the other with 92 residents. The prevalence study was conducted at both facilities on a single day. The incidence study was completed after 41 and 42 days, respectively, at each facility. Data were collected on demographics, medical information, and possible contributing factors. Each resident was assessed for the presence of a pressure ulcer. Each ulcer was staged and anatomical location was noted. The prevalence of pressure ulcers in the two long-term care facilities was 36.8% and 53.2%, respectively. The incidence of pressure ulcers in the two long-term care facilities was 11.7% and 11.6%, respectively. In conclusion, the pressure ulcer prevalence is higher than published figures for the long-term care setting. However, a pressure ulcer incidence of less than 12% in each facility suggests an equal and acceptable level of nursing care in both facilities. The disparity of pressure ulcer prevalence between the two facilities may be explained by a difference of case mix.
Importance Indices in Ethnobotany

Measuring the “importance” of plants and vegetation to people is a central concern in quantitative ethnobotany. A common tool to quantify otherwise qualitative data in the biological and social sciences is an index. Relative cultural importance (RCI) indices such as the “use values” developed by Prance et al. (1987) and Phillips and Gentry (1993a, 1993b) are applied in ethnobotany to calculate a value per folk or biological plant taxon. These approaches can provide data amenable to hypothesis-testing, statistical validation, and comparative analysis. The use of RCI indices is a growing trend in ethnobotanical research, yet there have been few attempts to compile or standardize divergent methods. In this review, we compare RCI indices in four broad categories and present a step-by-step guide to some specific methods. Important background topics are addressed, including ethnographic methods, use categorization, sampling, and statistical analysis. We are concerned here only with “value” as a non-monetary concept. The aspiring and veteran researcher alike should find this paper a useful guide to the development and application of RCI indices.
Long-term Results of Vagotomy and Gastro-enterostomy in Chronic Duodenal Ulceration

During an eight-months survey, 311 patients were admitted to a general surgical ward and 17 (5.5%) developed staphylococcal wound sepsis or some other staphylococcal infection (for example, pneumonia, urinary infection, entero-colitis) while in the ward. Only one of the eight cases of wound sepsis was attributable to infection in the operating theatre. The reservoirs of staphylococci in nasal carriers and in inanimate objects and the air were examined regularly, and staphylococci from all these sources, as well as from patients' wounds, were examined for bacteriophage type. Some 186 different types of Staph. aureus were recognized, but only 13 of these caused disease, and only three were responsible for disease in more than one patient. The air and dust sampling revealed nine occasions when staphylococci of a single phage type reached the level of 0.1 particle per cu. ft. (3.5 per cubic metre) of air. These nine broadcasts were due to seven different types of staphylococci; the three types that were present in the air in the greatest numbers failed to cause any manifest secondary infections. This, and the fact that there were so many types of staphylococci that never caused sepsis, suggested that some staphylococci were more "virulent" than others. Several of the staphylococcal broadcasts could be attributed to patients with infected lesions who were peculiarly apt to disperse, such as an infected tracheotomy wound, infected urine in an incontinent patient, an infected wound requiring very frequent redressing. Patients infected with tetracycline-resistant staphylococci were, when possible, barrier-nursed in a sideroom. This appeared to be effective in limiting the spread of their infection. Ten patients (with four different types) were nursed in isolation, and only one secondary case appeared in the ward.
Level and quality of protein in rations for lactating ewes

On a etudie chez 36 brebis Rasa Aragonesa allaitant 2 agneaux, et ne recevant que 70% de leurs besoins energetiques theoriques, l'effet de 2 niveaux de matieres azotees totales dans la ration (110 et 90% des besoins theoriques) et de 3 sources de proteine dans l'aliment concentre (feveroles, tourteau de soja et farine de poisson), sur les changements de poids vif et de note d'etat corporel, sur la production de lait, la concen tration plasmatique d'acides gras non esterifies et d'uree, ainsi que sur la croissance des agneaux. Les 2 effets etudies n'ont pas modifie les pertes de poids vif et de note d'etat corporel des brebis. Les meres avec le niveau le plus eleve de matieres azotees dans la ration ont eu des productions de lait, de matiere grasse, de matiere azotee, de matiere seche totale et une concentration d'uree plasmatique plus elevees que celles avec un niveau plus bas (P < 0,05). Une tendance vers la signification a ete observee dans la concentration maximum des acides gras non esterifies selon la source de proteine utilisee (P = 0,07). Il n'a pas eu de differences significatives dans la croissance des agneaux
RESEARCH ARTICLE Retrospective and Cross-Sectional Studies of Typhoid Fever in Pregnant Women in a Community in Central Nigeria

Typhoid fever remains a major global health problem. Salmonella Typhi may be a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in both the mother and foetus in developing countries, where sanitation facilities, personal and food hygiene are inadequate. Thus, the present work was a retrospective and cross-sectional study of Salmonella infection among pregnant women in Shabu community of central Nigeria. Serological (Widal test) and bacteriological analyses were conducted and compared. The results obtained showed that 44 (88%) of the subjects were seropositive for typhoid fever, whereas 33 (66%) were positive based on bacteriological technique. Subjects between age groups; 0.05) between the prevalence of typhoid fever among the various age groups of the pregnant women examined. Retrospective survey also showed a high prevalence rate of 63%, with subjects belonging to the age group: 20 - 30 years old with the highest rate of infection (92%). Pregnancy makes the host more vulnerable to typhoid fever by affecting the physiology of pivotal organs, as such early and prompts diagnosis so as to avoid the further materno-foetal complications is of great importance.
Matheuristics: Hybridizing Metaheuristics and Mathematical Programming

Metaheuristics support managers in decision-making with robust tools that provide high-quality solutions to important applications in business, engineering, economics, and science in reasonable time frames, but finding exact solutions in these applications still poses a real challenge. However, because of advances in the fields of mathematical optimization and metaheuristics, major efforts have been made on their interface regarding efficient hybridization. This edited book will provide a survey of the state of the art in this field by providing some invited reviews by well-known specialists as well as refereed papers from the second Matheuristics workshop to be held in Bertinoro, Italy, June 2008. Papers will explore mathematical programming techniques in metaheuristics frameworks, and especially focus on the latest developments in Mixed Integer Programming in solving real-world problems. Topics to be covered will also include dual information and metaheuristics; metaheuristics for stochastic problems; MIP solvers as search components; decompositions and lower/upper bounds in metaheuristics/MIP codes (MH codes); and real-world case histories of successful MH applications.
Jacobsens catalyst anchored on Al-MCM-41and NH2 group modified Si-MCM-41as heterogeneous enantioselective epoxidation catalyst using in situ generated dimethyldioxirane as oxidant

En este trabajo se investigo la actividad catalitica del catalizador de Jacobsen inmovilizado en Al-MCMC-41 y en NH2-Si-MCM-41 en la epoxidacion enantioselectiva de tres olefinas proquirales, utilizando dimetildioxirano generado in situ como agente oxidante. Con este agente oxidante, el catalizador no sufrio cambios significativos en su estructura quimica. El catalizador se reutilizo exitosamente, cuando se inmovilizo por enlace quimico covalente a traves del ligando de salen.