Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Motivation Toward and Perceived Usefulness of a Financial Education: Program Offered to Low-income Women in Indonesia

A previous study demonstrated that low-income women tend to have lower financial literacy. This low level of financial literacy affects the manner in which they manage their daily finances, as well as their ability to save for long-term needs. Currently, the statistics show that financial literacy in Indonesia is relatively low. To support Indonesian government in improving financial literacy, especially among the most marginalized group – women of low income – Universitas Indonesia launched a community engagement initiative conducted in the form of financial literacy training targeted at low-income women working as street sweepers around the university. This study investigates the motivation toward and perceived usefulness of the financial education program to improve the financial literacy of low-income women working as street sweepers around Universitas Indonesia. A mixed research method is applied in the study. The data were collected from in-depth interviews and a mini survey conducted to 23 low-income female street sweepers who joined the 10 weeks financial education program. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed to produce a comprehensive description of the participants’ perceptions and attitudes toward the financial literacy program. The study demonstrates that the majority of low-income women have low motivation toward financial literacy education, and they also have a negative perception of the usefulness of such program. Thus, it is very important that all educators and trainers examine the characteristics of the trainees and assess the relevancy of the education program before they design certain community engagement program.
Heart rate monitoring of physical activity among village, school, and homeless Nepali boys

Continuous HR monitoring, in conjunction with self‐reports and direct observation of physical activity, was undertaken in three samples of 10–13‐year‐old Nepali boys living in different physical and socioeconomic environments. A total of 134 daytime HR profiles were recorded from 67 boys (76 from 31 villagers, 39 from 20 urban middle‐class schoolboys, and 19 from 16 homeless street boys). Habitual levels of physical activity were compared using mean daytime HR (bpm) and the following indicators: percentage time during which boys are active (HR> flex, defined as an individual's average between resting and exercising HR), moderately active (HR> flex + 20%, also HR> 119 bpm), and vigorously active (HR> 139 bpm) over 10 hours of daylight. Mean daytime HR (102 bpm) and percentage time spent vigorously active (4%) did not differ between samples, despite obvious differences in lifestyles; thus better indicators are needed to characterize levels of physical activity. Percentage time spent active (HR> flex) was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) for villagers participating in subsistence activities, as a result of low flex HR values, indicating a higher level of physical fitness. Evaluation of moderate physical activity was sensitive to the choice of indicator, either an individual calibrated (above flex) or an absolute threshold of HR elevation. The former may be more appropriate than the latter to compare physical activity levels in populations with different lifestyles and levels of physical fitness. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conceptions and Misconceptions of Instructors Pertaining to Their Roles and Competencies in Distance Education: A Qualitative Case Study

Accepted: 23.10. 2018 The purpose of this study is to investigate the conceptions and misconceptions of instructors pertaining to their roles and competencies in distance education. Case study research design was adopted within the study. The participants, nine instructors in a public university delivering the courses in fully distance programs, was selected by using typical case sampling strategy. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observations on distance courses. The collected data were analysed through constant comparison analysis. The qualitative analysis revealed instructors’ conceptions of roles, competencies, and misconceptions in distance education. Roles included planning and delivery. Planning sub-theme covered the roles of environmental / technical planning and instructional design. Delivery sub-theme covered the roles of lecturing, evaluation, guidance, motivation, and material development. Participants’ conceptions of competencies included ICT competency, communication skills, and subject expertise. Finally, the study findings identified the misconceptions of the instructors. The identified misconceptions were identified as use of the same materials with face-to-face education, sufficient materials, lack of role for interaction among students, ineffectiveness of distance education, having the same roles with face-to-face education, and impossibility of distance collaboration among students. The findings imply that the instructors’ conceptions of roles and competencies are based on their experience in both face-to-face and distance education and this base unsurprisingly caused misconceptions regarding teaching in distance education.
Entrepreneurial ecosystem narratives and the micro-foundations of regional entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs), the set of forces that generate and sustain regional entrepreneurial activity, are a growing focus of scholars and practitioners. Studies are beginning to draw attention to the role of cultural artifacts, including narratives, in the functioning of EEs. However, the mechanisms driving narratives’ effects on ecosystem participants are unexamined. The purpose of this article is to develop theory that explains the influence of EE narratives on how information is processed by audiences. It is theorized that differences among ecosystems can, in part, be explained by differences in the properties of the narratives that take hold in them. Specifically, propositions are developed about four properties that represent sources of variation among ecosystem narratives: their ability to capture attention, influence the cognitive and emotional encoding of information, and be memorable. Further, it is argued that the maturity of the EE influences the novelty and potency of narrative effects. By integrating theories of cognitive and social psychology, narrative theory, and entrepreneurship, this article advances our understanding of how narratives about EEs influence audiences.
Academic integrity and referencing: Whose responsibility is it?

When incidents of alleged plagiarism occur, the responsibility for maintaining and upholding academic integrity is often perceived to lie with students. Consequently, there may be insufficient recognition that faculty staff, learning advisors and librarians all contribute to educating students about the fundamental competencies and values of academic scholarship, including citation and referencing expectations. In this paper, we share insights gained from a collaboration aimed at raising the standard of student writing and embedding the core values and practices associated with academic integrity into a legal writing module contained within a compulsory first year law paper that focused on research skills. The collaboration arose as a result of a formal disciplinary process that sought to address the high incidence of alleged plagiarism in a second year law paper for which the first year paper was considered to be a sufficient foundation. This resulted in workshops and open educational resources being developed to address the learning needs of current and future students, specifically with regard to paraphrasing, summarising and quotation strategies. In this paper, we outline why new relationships and resources were created. We also explain how student feedback informed the development of videos and digital content that were shared via an open wiki to improve learning opportunities in a Bachelor of Laws degree programme.
Promoting Learning in Rural Schools.

Positive results for students will come from changes in the knowledge, skill, and behavior of their teachers and parents. State policies and programs must provide the opportunity, support, incentive, and expectation for adults close to the lives of children to make wise decisions. The Center on Innovation & Improvement helps regional comprehensive centers in their work with states to provide districts, schools, and families with the opportunity, information, and skills to make wise decisions on behalf of students. Award #S283B050057 The opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the position of the supporting agencies, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Introduction The research reviewed here suggests that some of the contentions about schools, districts, and communities in rural areas are mistaken. Many of the issues they face also confront urban and suburban educators, and rural communities offer several distinctive educational advantages. While we have not found research to substantiate that student motivation to learn is particularly lacking in rural schools, it is a problem often cited by rural educators. Rather, it seems a widespread problem in most of the nation's schools —rural, urban, and suburban. With that in mind, this report gives special attention to student motivation to learn, along with other contributing factors to student outcomes in rural schools. Our recommendations build upon the advantages of rural settings and address their perceived disadvantages. At one time, most American students went to small schools in small school districts in small rural communities. Over recent decades, however, both schools and districts grew dramatically in size. Districts merged and consolidated to grow in size as they decreased in number, from about 115,000 school districts at one time, many responsible for a single, sometimes one-room school a century and more ago, to about 15,000 districts today. In the half-century from 1940 to 1990, the size of the average U.S. school district rose from 217 to 2,637 students— a factor of more than 10, and the size of the average school rose from 127 to 653 Similarly, small family farms consolidated, and many families quit farming and moved away, leaving large distances between the remaining farm families and communities. It is said that demography is destiny, and such remoteness or isolation substantially affected rural families, their communities, and their schools and school districts. In some rural areas, economic decline and increased poverty accompanied depopulation. Not unlike urban settings, rural schools 4 Promoting Learning …
Macroprudential Regulation in Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Models

This thesis studies the efficiency of macroprudential policies for financial and macroeconomic stabilization relying on a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with financial frictions. The focus is countercyclical regulation of loan-to-value ratios of mortgage borrowers and banks. The results show that the optimality of the regulation increases with the initial level of borrowers’ indebtedness. In comparison with the dynamic leverage ratio of banks, the countercyclical LTV ratio smooths more effectively credit cycles. Another outcome is that the countercyclical regulation stabilizes the macroeconomy when the monetary policy is constrained by the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates. This work contributes to the policy debate about the design of an optimal macroprudential policy framework.
Flow cytometric detection of transbilayer movement of fluorescent phospholipid analogues across the boar sperm plasma membrane: Elimination of labeling artifacts

Reliable protocols were established for investigating asymmetric distributions of 6‐(7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl)amino‐caproyl (C6NBD) phospholipids in the plasma membrane of boar sperm cells under physiological conditions. A method based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer was used to ensure that incorporation of the fluorescent phospholipids into the sperm proceeded via monomeric transfer. The total amount of incorporated phospholipid fluorescence and the proportion of translocated phospholipid fluorescence were determined by flow cytometric analysis before, and after, dithionite destruction of outer leaflet fluorescence. Catabolism of incorporated fluorescent phospholipids was blocked with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. Membrane‐damaged cells were detected with impermeant DNA stains, thereby enabling their exclusion from subsequent analyses of the flow cytometric data, whence it could be demonstrated that the labeled phospholipids were incorporated only via the outer plasma membrane leaflet in living sperm cells. Phospholipid uptake and internalization was followed at 38°C. After 1 hr of labeling, about 96% of the incorporated C6NBD‐phosphatidylserine, 80% of C6NBD‐phosphatidylethanolamine, 18% of C6NBD‐phosphatidylcholine, and 4% of C6NBD‐sphingomyelin were found to have moved across the plasma membrane bilayer to the interior of the spermatozoa. These inward movements of fluorescent phospholipids were ATP‐dependent and could be blocked with sulfhydryl reagents. Movements from the inner to the outer leaflet of the sperm plasma membrane were minimal for intact fluorescent phospholipids, but were rapid and ATP‐independent for fluorescent lipid metabolites. The described method enables, for the first time, assessment of changes in lipid asymmetry under fertilizing conditions. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 53:108–125, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential Misclassification of Exposure in Case-Crossover Studies

The aim of this study is to examine 2 types of differential misclassification of exposure in case-crossover studies. The first is the outcome-dependent misclassification of exposure, meaning that if an event has occurred, it could affect the reporting of exposure. The second is differential misclassification of exposure as a result of fading memory over time, which arises if the length of the recall period for case and control windows differs. We use empirical data from a case-crossover study of triggers of attacks in Ménière's disease. The study applied the matched-pair interval control window sampling approach. We examined misclassification in relation to 2 different types of exposures: emotional stress and salty food intake. The study covered repeated events reported by the same patients and involved the sampling of many control windows. Because some of these windows were related to case events and some unrelated, we were able to conduct both case-crossover and control-crossover analyses. Although this group of Ménière patients are well aware of their disease, and many of them have definite ideas regarding what triggers attacks, neither outcome-dependent misclassification nor differential misclassification of exposure resulting from fading memory over time seemed to be a major problem.
Predictors of mental health during pregnancy

Background: Pregnancy with anxious or depressive symptoms might be associated with worse birth outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: We assessed pregnancy anxiety and depression levels among 142 women in three trimesters. All subjects completed two questionnaires: Demographic scale and the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire. Chi-square test and regression analysis were used to assess the association between anxiety and depression symptoms with maternal age, maternal education, family income, gestational age, body mass index, parity, and pregnancy risk. Results: 25.3% of the pregnant women reported having depressive symptoms. Also, 49.3% of the subjects reported having anxiety symptoms. There was positive correlation between body mass index, gestational age, and pregnancy risk with depression symptom. Also, there was negative correlation between family income and maternal education level with anxiety symptom. In linear regression model, the variables of maternal age, maternal education, parity, abortion, gestational age, family income, body mass index, and pregnancy risk predicted 44.7% anxiety (F = 1.903, P = 0.006) and 68.1% depression (F = 2.101, P = 0.003). The strongest predictors of depression in pregnant women were pregnancy risk (β = 0.361, P = 0.001) and maternal education (β = −0.297, P = 0.006). Also, pregnancy risk (β = 0.523, P = 0.001) and gestational age (β = 0.477, P = 0.01) were the important predictors of maternal anxiety in the pregnancy period. Conclusions: Pregnancy risk, gestational age, and education level are the strongest predictors of mental health in the pregnancy period. This result suggests that psychological support is needed for pregnant women with high risk and low education, especially in the third trimester, to improve their mental health.
Trade and Income in the Long Run: Are There Really Gains, and are They Widely Shared?

In the cross section of countries, there is a strong positive correlation between trade and income, and a negative relationship between trade and inequality. Does this reflect a causal relationship? We adopt the Frankel and Romer (1999) identification strategy, and exploit countries' exogenous geographic characteristics to estimate the causal effect of trade on income and inequality. Our cross-country estimates for trade's impact on real income are consistently positive and significant over time. At the same time, we do not find any statistical evidence that more trade increases aggregate measures of income inequality. Heeding previous concerns in the literature (e.g. Rodriguez and Rodrik, 2001; Rodrik, Subramanian and Trebbi, 2004), we carefully analyze the validity of our geography-based instrument, and confirm that the IV estimates for the impact of trade are not driven by other direct or indirect effects of geography through non-trade channels.
Value relevance of accounting information: comparative study of Indian public and private sector banks

The present study is taken up with an objective of finding out difference if any in the value relevance of earnings per share and book value per share between private and public sector banks listed on Bombay Stock Exchange, India. Using a valuation model provided by Ohlson (1995), the study uses data for a period of 15 years from 2002 to 2016. Findings of our study show that: 1) earnings per share (EPS) and book value per share (BVPS) jointly and individually are positively and significantly related with market share price of public sector banks, private sector banks, and all banks; 2) The incremental information content of BVPS is greater than that of EPS in public sector banks. While in private sector banks, EPS add more to the overall explanatory power of the model than BVPS; 3) The common explanatory power of EPS and BVPS is greater in public sector banks, which is 49.8%; 4) Overall findings reported that accounting information in public sector banks is more relevant than that of private sector banks.
Investigation and physicochemical characterization of vinpocetine-sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin binary and ternary complexes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactions between vinpocetine (VP), sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin (SBEbetaCD) and the water-soluble polymers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). The water-soluble polymers were shown to improve the complexation efficiency of SBEbetaCD, and thus less SBEbetaCD was needed to prepare solid VP-SBEbetaCD complexes in the presence of the polymers. The interactions between VP and SBEbetaCD, with or without PVP or HPMC, were thoroughly investigated in aqueous solutions using the phase-solubility method as well as in the solid state. The amount of VP solubilized in water or aqueous polymer solution increased linearly with increasing SBEbetaCD concentration, demonstrating A(L)-type plots. We estimated the apparent stability constant (K(c)) at room temperature of VP-SBEbetaCD binary complex to be 340 M(-1) and this value increased to 490 M(-1) or 390 M(-1), respectively, with the addition of PVP and HPMC, assuming a 1 : 1 VP-SBEbetaCD molar ratio. Improvement in the K(c) values for ternary complexes clearly confirmed the benefit of the addition of water-soluble polymers to promote higher complexation efficiency. Solid VP-SBEbetaCD binary and ternary systems were prepared by physical mixing, kneading, coevaporation, and lyophilization methods and fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffractometry. The results obtained suggest that coevaporation and lyophilization methods yield a higher degree of amorphous entities and indicated formation of VP-SBEbetaCD binary and ternary complexes.
Asset Pricing in OLG Economies With Borrowing Constraints and Idiosyncratic Income Risk

This paper analyzes how the combination of borrowing constraints and idiosyncratic risk affects the equity premium in an overlapping generations economy. I find that introducing a zero-borrowing constraint in an economy without idiosyncratic risk increases the equity premium by 70 percent, which means that the mechanism described in Constantinides, Donaldson, and Mehra (2002) is dampened because of the large number of generations and production. With social security the effect of the zero-borrowing constraint is a lot weaker. More surprisingly, when I introduce idiosyncratic labor income risk in an economy without a zero-borrowing constraint, the equity premium increases by 50 percent, even though the income shocks are independent of aggregate risk and are not permanent. The reason is that idiosyncratic risk makes the endogenous natural borrowing limits much tighter, so that they have a similar effect to an exogenously imposed zero-borrowing constraint. This intuition is confirmed when I add idiosyncratic risk in an economy with a zero-borrowing constraint: neither the equity premium nor the Sharpe ratio change, because the zero-borrowing constraint is already tighter than the natural borrowing limits that result when idiosyncratic risk is added.