Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non‐zero‐sum collaboration, reciprocity, and the preference for similarity: Developing an adaptive model of close relational functioning

An evolutionary framework was used to develop a model of relational functioning among friends. The proposed model focuses on the collaborative nature of close friendships and attempts to highlight two adaptive mechanisms important in creating non-zero-sum outcomes among highly interdependent parties. The model emphasizes the importance of reciprocity in creating mutually beneficial outcomes through social exchange, and it articulates how the preference for similarity is useful when creating non-zero-sum rewards through synergistic coordination. In particular, the focus is on the unique role that shared interests and mutual knowledge play when individuals attempt to pursue common goals through joint activity. The implications of the model are discussed with respect to a host of issues ranging from deceptive communication to relational satisfaction and commitment. Collaborative behavior is a fundamental aspect of close relationships. The collaborative nature of our relationships is important to investigate because it provides insight into what it means to be human and it furthers our understanding of how we relate to each other. By adopting an evolutionary perspective, we articulate how two fundamental adaptive processes underlie collaboration among close, nonkin relations. Specifically, we examine how reciprocity and the preference for similarity may have been designed by natural selection to produce non-zero-sum outcomes through the exchange of resources and the coordination of joint activities. We start with a review of evolutionary psychology (EP) and then we highlight the unique problem that close, nonkin relationships, namely friendships, have posed for evolutionary scholars. Briefly, extreme acts of altruism, common among friends, are
Miscanthus: Inter- and Intraspecific Genome Size Variation Among M. × Giganteus, M. Sinensis, M. Sacchariflorus Accessions

M. sinensis Anderss. , M. sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. and M. ×giganteus J.M. Greef & Deuter ex Hodk. and Renvoize have considerably the highest potential for biomass production among Miscanthus Anderss. species, there is an urgent need to broaden the knowledge about cytological characteristics required for their improvement. In this study our objectives were to assess the genome size variation among eighteen Miscanthus accessions, as well as estimation of the monoploid genome size (2C and Cx) of the M. sinensis cultivars, which have not been analyzed yet. The characterization of three Miscanthus species was performed with the use of flow cytometry and analysis of the stomatal length. The triploid (2n = 3x = 57) M. sinensis 'Goliath' and M. ×gigan- teus clones possessed the highest 2C DNA content (8.34 pg and 7.43 pg, respectively). The intermediate 2C-val-ues were found in the nuclei of the diploid (2n = 2x = 38) M. sinensis accessions (5.52–5.72 pg), whereas they were the lowest in the diploid (2n = 2x = 38) M. sacchariflorus ecotypes (4.58–4.59 pg). The presented study revealed interspecific variation of nuclear DNA content (P<0.01) and therefore allowed for recognition of partic- ular taxa, inter- and intraspecific hybrids and prediction of potential parental components. Moreover, intraspecific genome size variation (P<0.01) was observed in M. sinensis cultivars at 3.62%. The values of the stomatal size obtained for the triploid M. ×giganteus 'Great Britain' (mean 30.70 μ m) or 'Canada' (mean 29.67 μ m) and diploid M. sinensis 'Graziella' (mean 29.96 μ m) did not differ significantly, therefore this parameter is not rec- ommended for ploidy estimation.
Economic Assessment of Fadama III Prone Plantain and Banana Farm Enterprises in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

This study which was conducted in Southern Ijaw Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria was on economic assessment of Fadama III prone plantain and banana farm enterprises. Random sampling technique was used to select Ten (10) plantain and banana Cooperative Groups/Fadama User Groups (FUGs) for the study. Furthermore, ten (10) households / beneficiaries were randomly selected from each of the FUGs totaling one hundred (100) households / beneficiaries. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages; and the budgeting technique were used to analyze the data. The results showed that 70.0% of the respondents fall between ages of 31-50. Majority of the plantain and banana farmers were married (85.0%), while males (60.0%) dominated plantain and banana production in the study area. The costs and returns analysis indicated that Net Farm Income for plantain and banana farm enterprises of Fadama beneficiaries were N284,300.00and ₦ 379,300.00 during production period while return on investment was N0.31 and ₦ 0.41 respectively, which implies profitability in plantain and banana production of Fadama beneficiaries. The study also identified inadequate land, high cost of transportation, delayed materials and disease outbreak as the major problems faced by plantain and banana farmers. If resources are properly provided and harnessed, plantain and banana farm enterprises are capable of generating income and creating jobs in the area through fadama users. Furthermore, there is need to providing more facilities and training to users of the project to improve on the present scope.
Folding dynamics with nonadditive forces: A simulation study of a designed helical protein and a random heteropolymer

We propose a reduced model of proteins and simulate folding of a designed three helix bundle protein with 54 residues, the dynamics of a random heteropolymer, and the helix formation of a short peptide, up to ∼1 μs, near the estimated lower bound of folding time. The model has explicit backbone atoms, while solvent effects are taken into account via effective potentials. Interactions include two multibody terms; (1) the hydrogen bond strength reflecting the local dielectric constant that is dependent on protein configuration and (2) the hydrophobic force which depends on the local density of peptide atoms imitating the solvent accessible surface area model of hydrophobic force. With this model, all trajectories of a designed protein reach a native like conformation within 0.5 μs although they exhibit some remaining residual fluctuations. On the other hand, a random polymer collapses to several nonspecific compact forms and continues to change its global shape. A 16 residue segment forming a helix in the designed protein does not stably form a helix when it is cleaved, illustrating the effect of nonadditivity.
Valence-Length Correlations for Chemical Bonds from Atomic Orbital Exponents

Pauling’s empirical bond valence-length correlation has proven valuable because it offers a quick and convenient way of checking and evaluating molecular structures and determining oxidation states from measured bond lengths. In this study, a simplified quantum-mechanical approach was used to derive Pauling’s empirical bond valence-length relationship by considering overlap of hydrogen-like orbitals. An expression for the b “empirical” fitting parameter was derived in terms of atomic-orbital exponents. A new set of orbital exponents is presented using published atomic/covalent radii and a continuous function for the effective principal quantum. The b parameters calculated from the orbital exponents are consistent with bond valence-length data from crystallographic data. In general, atomic-orbital exponents may be used to determine bond valencelength relationships for any chemical bond regardless of state, oxidation number, or environment.
Observations of SN 2015F Suggest a Correlation between the Intrinsic Luminosity of Type Ia Supernovae and the Shape of Their Light Curves >900 Days after Explosion

The late-time light curves of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), observed >900 days after explosion, present the possibility of a new diagnostic for SN Ia progenitor and explosion models. First, however, we must discover what physical process (or processes) leads to the slow-down of the light curve relative to a pure 56Co decay, as observed in SNe 2011fe, 2012cg, and 2014J. We present Hubble Space Telescope observations of SN 2015F, taken ≈600–1040 days past maximum light. Unlike those of the three other SNe Ia, the light curve of SN 2015F remains consistent with being powered solely by the radioactive decay of 56Co. We fit the light curves of these four SNe Ia in a consistent manner and measure possible correlations between the light-curve stretch—a proxy for the intrinsic luminosity of the SN—and the parameters of the physical model used in the fit. We propose a new, late-time Phillips-like correlation between the stretch of the SNe and the shape of their late-time light curves, which we parameterize as the difference between their pseudo-bolometric luminosities at 600 and 900 days: ΔL900 = log(L600/L900). Our analysis is based on only four SNe, so a larger sample is required to test the validity of this correlation. If true, this model-independent correlation provides a new way to test which physical process lies behind the slow-down of SN Ia light curves >900 days after explosion, and, ultimately, fresh constraints on the various SN Ia progenitor and explosion models.
Are mayors with business experience better politicians? Evidence from close races in Brazil

This paper examines whether policy outcomes differ under politicians with business experience. Using a regression discontinuity analysis for mayoral elections in Brazilian municipalities in the period 2004-2012, I find that business experience per se does not affect public finance, public employment, the number of subsidized sectors or the level of corruption. However, a separate analysis for entrepreneurs and merchants, the two main business-groups in the sample, shows that only relatively ”high level” businesspeople with proper management expertise can significantly impact policy outcomes. In light of this, I find that entrepreneurs are likely to attract more transfers from higher government levels and therefore, increase the municipality’s total revenue. This in turn allows them to raise total expenditure and hire more direct active administration employees. On the contrary, I do not observe any significant effect when a merchant becomes mayor. JEL classification: R5, H71, H72, D72.
High frequency of conjugation in Lactobacillus mediated by an aggregation-promoting factor

Summary: Lactobacillus plantarum strain 4B2, which exhibits a strong autoaggregating phenotype, receives the broad-host-range plasmid pAMβ1 with conjugation efficiencies as high as 10-2 transconjugants per donor using solid matings; broth matings also occur, but at low transfer frequencies. Filter-sterilized spent supernatant of this strain contains a 32 kDa protein that promotes aggregation, and consequently a high frequency of conjugation, in lactic acid bacteria containing α-1,2-glucose-substituted lipoteichoic or teichoic acids. It appears, therefore, that the substituted lipoteichoic or teichoic acids act as receptors for the aggregation-promoting protein.
Probabilistic forecasting of wind power production losses in cold climates: a case study

Abstract. The problem of icing on wind turbines in cold climates is addressed using probabilistic forecasting to improve next-day forecasts of icing and related production losses. A case study of probabilistic forecasts was generated for a 2-week period. Uncertainties in initial and boundary conditions are represented with an ensemble forecasting system, while uncertainties in the spatial representation are included with a neighbourhood method. Using probabilistic forecasting instead of one single forecast was shown to improve the forecast skill of the ice-related production loss forecasts and hence the icing forecasts. The spread of the multiple forecasts can be used as an estimate of the forecast uncertainty and of the likelihood for icing and severe production losses. Best results, both in terms of forecast skill and forecasted uncertainty, were achieved using both the ensemble forecast and the neighbourhood method combined. This demonstrates that the application of probabilistic forecasting for wind power in cold climates can be valuable when planning next-day energy production, in the usage of de-icing systems and for site safety.
Use of satellite data for modelling food availability and survival of marine fish larvae

A modelling scheme is described which uses satellite retrieved sea-surface temperature and chlorophyll-a to derive monthly zooplankton biomass estimates in the eastern North Atlantic; this forms part of a bio-physical model of inter-annual variations in the growth and survival of larvae and post-larvae of mackerel (Scomber scombrus). The temperature and chlorophyll data are incorporated first to model copepod (Calanus) egg production rates. Egg production is then converted to available food using distribution data from the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) Survey, observed population biomass per unit daily egg production and the proportion of the larval mackerel diet comprising Calanus. Results are validated in comparison with field observations of zooplankton biomass. The principal benefit of the modelling scheme is the ability to use the combination of broad scale coverage and fine scale temporal and spatial variability of satellite data as driving forces in the model; weaknesses are the simplicity of the egg production model and the broad-scale generalizations assumed in the raising factors to convert egg production to biomass.
Petrology and Geochemical Properties of the Granitoid Complex of Chahar-Gonbad, Southeast Iran

The Chargonbad batholite is located in Sirjan and southeast of magmatic zone of Urumieh-Dokhtar. The main volume of this rocks consisted of Granodiorite and Monzogranite, but it’s also consists of Quartzdiorite, Tonalite and Syenogranite. They have allotrimorphic granular texture with subordinate porphyritic texture. Their enclaves consist of: xenoliths enclaves, microgranular mafic enclaves (Diorite to Quartzdiorite in composition) and autolite enclaves (Tonalite, granodiorite and monzogranite in composition). The Chargonbad batholite rocks are also cut by different types of dykes which are mainly consisted of dykes and veins of pegmatic stage, microgranular dykes (andesit and andesit basaltic in composition) and microgranular dykes that are similar to mafic enclaves. Evidence shows that regional examples represent properties of granitoids type I. As well as, Granite of Granitoid body of this area has magnesium nature and shows the cordellarian granites features. Based on the tectonomagmatic environment determination diagrams, all samples from the Chahargonbad study area located in the arc island setting due to subduction and show the characteristic of active continental margin setting.
Analysis of the Bank Credit, Economic Growth Nexus in Nigeria

In spite of Nigeria’s recent ranking as one of the fastest growing economies in world, it is paradoxical that the rapid growth has not impacted on the welfare of the citizens and residents as poverty incidence has persistently been on the rise. Bank credit has been widely recognized as a veritable means of lifting people out of the abyss of poverty. This study was designed to appraise the bank credit, economic growth nexus in Nigeria, using annual time series data from 1970 to 2011. The paper specifically attempts to determine the flow of causality between private sector credit and economic growth. The research employed unit root, and granger causality tests. The study revealed that there exist a unilateral flow of causality which runs from bank credit to economic growth at 5% level of significance both in the short and long run. The paper therefore recommends that the Central Bank of Nigeria should prescribe and enforce rules on sectoral allocation of credit between the private and public sectors with a tilt towards the former, leverage credit disbursement as a tool for driving economic growth, and ensure that credit growth does not compromise credit quality. Keywords: Bank Credit, Economic Growth, Granger Causality, Unit Root.
Modeling and Design Tools for Small Antennas: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives

T his report presents an overview of the convened session of the European Association on Antennas and Propagation (EuRAAP) Working Group (WG) on Software and Modeling Tools at the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) 2018 in London, which was held 9–13 April. It briefly discusses the general topic of this year—small-antenna design and modeling tools—by summarizing the four invited papers in the first part of the session and recaps the improved benchmarking effort in response to the benchmarking results of 2016, which was discussed in the second portion of the meeting.
The Effects of Depicted Job Quality and Job Title on Imagined Job Satisfaction

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between depicted job quality and title on imagined job satisfaction. The study included data from 28 human participants. Participants were grouped into one of four testing conditions. Testing conditions exposed the participant to a positive or negative job title combined with a positive or negative job description. Participants then recorded responses to the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, short form, with regards to their imagined job satisfaction if they occupied that role. The results were analyzed in terms of title or description effects on job satisfaction. Ultimately, both title and description had a significant main effect on survey scores, but there was no interaction between the two variables.
Is Food Marketing Making Us Fat? A Multi-Disciplinary Review

Whereas everyone recognizes that increasing obesity rates worldwide are driven by a complex set of interrelated factors, the marketing actions of the food industry are often singled out as one of the main culprits. But how exactly is food marketing making us fat? To answer this question, we review evidence provided by studies in marketing, nutrition, psychology, economics, food science, and related disciplines that have examined the links between food marketing and energy intake but have remained largely disconnected. Starting with the most obtrusive and most studied marketing actions, we explain the multiple ways in which food prices (including temporary price promotions) and marketing communication (including branding and nutrition and health claims) influence consumption volume. We then study the effects of less conspicuous marketing actions which can have powerful effects on eating behavior without being noticed by consumers. We examine the effects on consumption of changes in the food's quality (including its composition, nutritional and sensory properties) and quantity (including the range, size and shape of the packages and portions in which it is available). Finally, we review the effects of the eating environment, including the availability, salience and convenience of food, the type, size and shape of serving containers, and the atmospherics of the purchase and consumption environment. We conclude with research and policy implications.
Determinants Of Manufacturing Efficiency In Canadian Cities: A Stochastic Frontier Approach

This study uses panel data to estimate stochastic production frontiers for Canadian cities. Efficiency indices are derived from the production frontiers. Regression analysis of the determinants of a city's inefficiency shows that population size and density both increase efficiency. These results are consistent with the existence of static agglomeration economies or of a systematically increasing failure of smaller cities to use best-practice technology. In either case, the results imply that urbanization may have an important positive influence on national economic growth.
Resistance or Reiteration? Rethinking Gender in DJ Cultures

Many practices of contemporary DJ-driven electronic dance music derive from 1970s club scenes in the United States, which were welcoming spaces for people who otherwise encountered prejudice for their gender identities and sexual orientations. Through their prominence in dance music literature, these scenes, along with British rave culture, have come to represent a broader conception of a global ‘alternative dance music culture’ that incorporates various communitarian ideologies—including non-discriminatory and non-patriarchal gender relations. In this paper I offer a critique of such celebratory interpretations. First, I suggest that these scenes, often framed as formative of dance music cultures worldwide, are exceptional rather than typical, and that their politics have been projected onto other scenes. Second, I highlight how troubling gender discrimination is present even in ‘alternative’ settings where participants are more conscious of political and social issues, including gender. I illustrate these points through interviews in a number of countries with women DJs who describe numerous instances of gender-related prejudice, and through interviews with men, who articulate some of these prejudices. The interviews reveal a series of dimensions of the gendering of DJ-oriented dance cultures, and how they are suffused with problematic attitudes towards gender. My research therefore challenges the celebratory interpretations of many DJ music scenes.
Anchoring Vignettes: Can They Make Adolescent Self-Reports of Social-Emotional Skills More Reliable, Discriminant, and Criterion-Valid?

Individuals differ in the way they use rating scales to describe themselves, and these differences are particularly pronounced in children and early adolescents. One promising remedy is to correct (or "anchor'') an individual's responses according to the way they use the scale when they rate an anchoring vignette (a set of hypothetical targets differing on the attribute of interest). Studying adolescents' self-reports of their socio-emotional attributes, we compared traditional self-report scores with vignette-corrected scores in terms of reliability (internal consistency), discriminant validity (scale intercorrelations), and criterion validity (predicting achievement test scores in language and math). A large and representative sample of 12th grade Brazilian students (N = 8,582, 62% female, mean age 18.2) were administered a Portuguese-language self-report inventory assessing social-emotional skills related to the Big Five personality dimensions. Correcting scores according to vignette ratings led to increases in the reliability of scales measuring Conscientiousness and Openness, but discriminant validity and criterion validity increased only when each scale was corrected using its own corresponding vignette set. Moreover, accuracy in rating the vignettes was correlated with language achievement test scores, suggesting that verbal factors play a role in providing both normative vignette ratings of others and self-reports that are reliable and valid.
Fees Paid to Audit Firms, Accrual Choices, and Corporate Governance

We examine the relation between the fees paid to auditors for audit and non‐audit services, and the choice of accrual measures for a large sample of firms. Using our pooled sample, we find that the ratio of non‐audit fees to total fees has a positive relation with the absolute value of accruals similar to Frankel, Johnson, and Nelson [2002]. However, using latent class mixture models to identify clusters of firms with a homogenous regression structure reveals that this positive association only occurs for about 8.5% of the sample. In contrast to the fee ratio results, we find consistent evidence of a negative relation between the level of fees (both audit and non‐audit) paid to auditors and accruals (i.e., higher fees are associated with smaller accruals). The latent class analysis also indicates that this negative relation is strongest for client firms with weak governance. Overall, our results are most consistent with auditor behavior being constrained by the reputation effects associated with allowing clients to engage in unusual accrual choices.