Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Financial Development-Economic Growth Nexus : The Case of Eastern European Countries

Whether financial development is conducive to economic growth is one of the fundamental problems that has been investigated by economists for decades. While majority of the studies find a positive effect of financial development on economic growth there are also some analyses which suggest that financial development has a negative impact on economic growth. In this study, we investigate the effect of financial development on economic growth in 12 Eastern European countries over the period 19902011 by taking into account the possible endogeneity between these variables and by using three different financial development indicators. We also consider the impact of governance and enterprise restructuring together with the effects of the Enlargement of the European Union in 2004 and 2008 global economic crisis in our empirical analysis. Our results suggest that while none of the financial development indicators has an effect on economic growth by itself the interaction term between domestic credit to private sector and governance and enterprise restructuring negatively affects economic growth.
Labor Mobility and Economic Geography

This paper investigates the impact of the heterogeneity of the labor force on the spatial distribution of activities. This goal is achieved by applying the tools of discrete choice theory to an economic geography model. We show that taste heterogeneity acts as a strong dispersion force. We also show that the relationship between the spatial distribution of the industry (the wage differential) and trade costs is smooth and inverted U-shaped. Finally, while Rawlsian equity leads to the dispersion of industry, our analysis reveals that efficiency leads to a solution close to the market outcome, although the latter is likely to involve too much agglomeration compared to the former.
Effects of Nigella sativa and Hypericum perforatum on wound healing

In this study, it was aimed to determine the influence of applying Nigella sativa (NS) and Hypericum perforatum (HP) on wound healing. A total of 42 female albino 2-month-old Wistar rats were randomly separated into 3 main groups. Each of these main groups was separated into two subgroups for 7- and 14-day postoperative follow-ups. A total of 84 excisional skin wounds, 5 mm in diameter, were created on the backs of the rats. Placebo cream (control group), 50% NS oil cream, and 50% HP oil cream were applied topically for the first, second, and third group, respectively. The wounds were checked daily. Seven rats from each group were euthanized on the 7th and 14th days after the operation. Skin samples taken from wound areas were examined histologically and biochemically. The measurements revealed that the wounds healed faster in the study groups than in the control group (P < 0.001). It was found that NS had more antioxidant properties than the other treatments, and HP increased wound healing via its positive effects on epithelialization and granulation. The clinical, biochemical, and histological findings showed that NS and HP increased the healing of skin wounds.
Ultrasonographic examination of the stomach, duodenum and jejunum of normal adult spiti horses and Himalayan hill mules of India

The study was conducted on equids of high altitude to develop baseline topographical data of landmarks, sonographic calliper measurements and dynamic parameters of abdominal organs. Ultrasonography was performed on healthy adult spiti horses and Himalayan mules of either sex. The wall thickness, contractility, character and echo-architecture of these organs were recorded for standardization. The stomach was found between 8th-15th and 8th-14th Inter-Costal Space (ICS) with wall thickness of 4.92 ± 0.23 and 4.24 ± 0.06 mm in horses and mules, respectively. Ascending duodenum was found between 11th-13th and 10th-13th ICS with a wall thickness of 2.0 ± 0.00 and 1.96 ± 0.04 mm in horses and mules, respectively. Descending duodenum was found from 16th and 15th ICS to just caudal to the last rib in horses and mules, respectively. Jejunum was found from 12th (±1) to 17th ICS with wall thickness of 2.04 ± 0.04 and 2.02 ± 0.02 mm in horses and mules, respectively. Detailed ultrasonographic examination of these organs helped to compile baseline data, which will be useful in future in management of the affections of stomach, duodenum and jejunum.
A Descriptive Study of Histopathological Patterns of Lymph Node Biopsies In A Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Lymph node is affected by various types of lesions, both non-neoplastic (inflammatory) or neoplastic. Due to non-specific symptoms, the clinical diagnosis are usually delayed thus lymph node biopsy is mandatory to arrive at specific diagnosis for appropriate management. Objective: 1) To study the spectrum of lymph node pathology with clinical correlation. 2) To study the different histological patterns of lymph node lesions and classify them into major categories. Material and Methods : The present study was a prospective observational type of study and included 331 patients who presented with lymph node enlargement in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 3 years from Jan 2013 to Dec 2015. Detailed clinical history was noted. The specimens were routinely processed and stained by Haematoxylin and eosin. Special stains along with immunohistochemistry were done whenever required. Result : A total of 331 lymph node biopsies were studied. Age distribution varied from 4 to 81 years with male to female ratio of 1:1.4. Non –neoplastic lesions comprised of maximum cases (80.06%) while neoplastic lesion were present in (19.93%) cases. Reactive lymphadenitis was the predominant non-neoplastic finding followed by granulomatous lymphadenitis. Neoplastic lesions were included 3.61% cases of lymphoma and 16.31% cases of metastatic lesions. Conclusion: Lymphadenopathy is not uncommon in our region so lymph node biopsy is an important tool for early diagnostic and prognostic purpose. Reactive lymphadenitis was the most common cause of lymphadenopathy followed by granulomatous lymphadenitis. DOI: 10.21276/APALM.1089
Reassessing the Link between Voter Heterogeneity and PoliticalAccountability: A Latent Class Regression Model of EconomicVoting

While recent research has underscored the conditioning effect of individual characteristics on economic voting behavior, most empirical studies have failed to explicitly incorporate observed heterogeneity into statistical analyses linking citizens' economic evaluations to electoral choices. In order to overcome these drawbacks, we propose a latent class regression model to jointly analyze the determinants and influence of economic voting in Presidential and Congressional elections. Our modeling approach allows us to better describe the effects of individual covariates on economic voting and to test hypotheses on the existence of heterogeneous types of voters, providing an empirical basis for assessing the relative validity of alternative explanations proposed in the literature. Using survey data from the 2004 U.S. Presidential, Senate and House elections, we and that voters with college education and those more interested in political campaigns based their vote on factors other than their economic perceptions. In contrast, less educated and interested respondents assigned considerable weight to economic assessments, with sociotropic jugdgments strongly in uencing their vote in the Presidential election and personal financial considerations affecting their vote in House elections. We conclude that the main distinction in the 2004 election was not between `sociotropic' and `pocketbook' voters, but rather between `economic' and `non-economic' voters.
Poverty And Inequality Dynamics In Manaus: Legacy Of A Free Trade Zone?

This study contributes to the literature on the social impacts of Special Economic Zones by analyzing the dynamics of poverty and inequality in the Brazilian state of Amazonas, where the Free Trade Zone of Manaus (FTZM) is located. Using census data, micro-decompositions and counterfactual simulations, we show that if labor income was a major driver of poverty and inequality declines for the municipality of Manaus in the 2000-2010 decade, non-labor income was far more important in the rest of the state of Amazonas. Our contrasting results illustrate both the benefits and limitations of the influence of the FTZM. A better targeting of both social policies and training programs could improve distributional outcomes in the whole area.
Historical Population Structure of Central Valley Steelhead and Its Alteration by Dams

Effective conservation and recovery planning for Central Valley steelhead requires an understanding of historical population structure. We describe the historical structure of the Central Valley steelhead evolutionarily significant unit using a multi-phase modeling approach. In the first phase, we identify stream reaches possibly suitable for steelhead spawning and rearing using a habitat model based on environmental envelopes (stream discharge, gradient, and temperature) that takes a digital elevation model and climate data as inputs. We identified 151 patches of potentially suitable habitat with more than 10 km of stream habitat, with a total of 25,500 km of suitable habitat. We then measured the distances among habitat patches, and clustered together patches within 35 km of each other into 81 distinct habitat patches. Groups of fish using these 81 patches are hypothesized to be (or to have been) independent populations for recovery planning purposes. Consideration of climate and elevation differences among the 81 habitat areas suggests that there are at least four major subdivisions within the Central Valley steelhead ESU that correspond to geographic regions defined by the Sacramento River basin, Suisun Bay area tributaries, San Joaquin tributaries draining the Sierra Nevada, and lower-elevation streams draining to the Buena Vista and Tulare basins, upstream of the San Joaquin River. Of these, it appears that the Sacramento River basin was the main source of steelhead production. Presently, impassable dams block access to 80% of historically available habitat, and block access to all historical spawning habitat for about 38% of the historical populations of steelhead.
A Modified Semiautomatic Method for Measurement of Hyperfluorescence Area in Fluorescein Angiography

Purpose: To offer a semi-automatic algorithm to determine the area of angiographic hyperfluorescence Methods: The proposed algorithm included wavelet filter, histogram equalization and modified Otsu thresholding. Hyperfluorescent area of 30 angiographic images obtained from patients with leaking choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and diabetic retinopathy were evaluated and the results were compared with those obtained by an expert ophthalmologist. Results: The best wavelet filter was determined. Quantitative assessment of the hyperfluorescent area showed a mean error of 0.12±0.59 square millimeters. There was no significant difference between algorithm-measured and ophthalmologist-measured area. Conclusion: The proposed algorithm may be used to accurately measure area of hyperfluorescence.
The origin and evolution of the odd-Z iron-peak elements Sc, V, Mn, and Co in the Milky Way stellar disk ?,??

AIMS: The aim of this study is to investigate the origin and evolution of Sc, V, Mn, and Co for a homogeneous and statistically significant sample of stars probing the different populations of the Milky Way, in particular the thin and thick disks. METHODS: Using high-resolution spectra obtained with MIKE, FEROS, SOFIN, FIES, UVES and HARPS spectrographs, we determine Sc, V, Mn, and Co abundances for a large sample of F and G dwarfs in Solar neighbourhood. The method is based on spectral synthesis and using one-dimensional (1-D), plane-parallel, LTE model stellar atmospheres calculated with the MARCS 2012 code. NLTE corrections from literature were applied to Mn and Co. RESULTS: We find that the abundance trends derived for Sc (594 stars), V (466 stars), and Co (567 stars) are very similar to what has been observed for the alpha-elements in the thin and thick disks. On the contrary Mn (569 stars) is generally underabundant relative to the Sun (i.e. [Mn/Fe]<0) for [Fe/H]<0. Also, for Mn, when NLTE corrections are applied, the trend changes and is almost flat over the entire metallicity range that the stars in our sample span (-2<[Fe/H]<+0.4). The [Sc/Fe]-[Fe/H] abundance trends show a small separation between the thin and thick disks, while for V and Co they completely overlap. For Mn there is a small difference in [Mn/Fe] but only when NLTE corrections are used. Comparisons with Ti as a reference element show flat trends for all the elements except for Mn that show well separated [Mn/Ti]-[Ti/H] trends for the thin and thick disks. CONCLUSIONS: Sc and V present trends compatible with production from SNII events. In addition, Sc clearly shows a metallicity dependence for [Fe/H]<-1. Mn instead is produced in SNII events for [Fe/H]<-0.4 and then SNIa start to produce Mn. Finally, Co appears to be produced mainly in SNII with suggestion of enrichment from hypernovae at low metallicities.
The relationship between emotional labor and task/contextual/innovative job performance: A study with private banking employees in Denizli

The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between the emotional labor of private bank employees and their task, contextual and innovative job performances. The hypotheses generated in accordance with the literature review are tested by a field survey, which is carried out with the sample individuals (N=135) from various branches of a private bank in Denizli. The data obtained from this study have been evaluated by applying descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, etc.) and correlation analysis. As a result of the analyses; there is a negative and important relationship between the task performance and surface acting; there is a positive and important relationship between the innovative job performance and deep acting; there is a positive and significant relationship between the natural feelings and task performance, contextual performance and innovative job performance.
EFFECT OF CHITOSAN COATING ON QUALITY AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF FRESH-CUT ‘ROCHA’ PEAR

One of the greatest barriers to the commercial marketing of fresh-cut fruit is limited shelf-life due to tissue softening and surface browning. Moreover, the development of microorganisms on the fruit surface can compromise the safety of the fresh-cut product. Edible coatings have been proposed as postharvest treatments to maintain quality and prolong shelf-life. The present work aims to evaluate the effect of chitosan coatings in physical, chemical, nutritional and microbiological characteristics of minimally processed ‘Rocha’ pear. Fruits were peeled, cut into slices and immersed in different quitosan solutions (0.7, 1, 1.5 e 2 g L-1). Treated samples were stored at 4oC during 10 days. Physical and physicochemical analysis were performed, including moisture content, firmness, color, titratable acidity and total soluble solids. Nutritional analysis and microbiological evaluations of psychrophilic bacteria, molds and yeasts were also carried out. Chitosan coatings reduced water loss, maintained firmness, and reduced surface browning during storage. No negative effects were observed in the nutritional quality of treated pears. Chitosan coatings could be used to preserve quality and to extend shelf-life of fresh-cut ‘Rocha’ pear.
The Effects of Web-Based Distance Mathematics Instruction on Mathematics Attitudes and Achievements: The Case of Erzurum Vocational School

Despite all the positive developments nationally and internationally, violence against women still continue to be one of the major problems in our country and around the world. As a global problem, domestic violence against women is a serious social issue in our country which should be fought. Common phenomenon of violence against women in all stages of life is an important health problem, at the same time due to damage severely to physical and moral integrity of women. In preventing the active participation of women in social life,violence constitues an obstacle to social and economic development. The contents of studies which will be carried out in this context, involvement of all parties in prevention, protection, punishment, socio-cultural, educational and political aspects will be right to take part in the process with an interdisciplinary approach. In our country, after 1980 noticable advancements on providing men-women equality and reinforcement of women’s human rights were obtained that can be said quitely positive up to now. 2006/17th Prime Minister Circular created a new comprehensive roadmap and contributed to transportation of a higher level of studies on the subject by defining studies which have to be carried out,cooperation with institutions and organizations which are responsible for carring out this work. ”National Action Plan For Combating Domestic Violence Against Women 2007-2010” which entered into force in 2007 is one of the concrete examples of this stability and cooperation. Due to expiry implementation of the National Action Plan in question with the participationof relevant institutions and organizations again,Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence Council of Europe Convention on the prevention and combating to these issues,taking into account the new developments,needs and deficiencies,Violence Against Women National Action Plan 2012-2015 was prepared. Eliminating violence against women which is a multi-dimensional issue is possible with the struggle of all sections of society and holistic approach to the public mutually and determinedly. In this study,Turkish Republic Ministry of Family and Social Policies, prepared in 2010 by the General Directorate of the Status of Women,”Violence Against Women National Action Plan 2012-2015” has been evaluated in general
In Vitro Organogenesis of Pedalium Murex Linn. from Coastal Region

This is the study aimed to standardize a reproducible regenerative protocol for Pedalium murex Linn from coastal region. For mass propagation of this medicinally important species root explants have been inoculated on MS basal medium fortified with different auxin and cytokinin. The maximum (0.92g) callus biomass was observed from 3.0 mg/l of NAA and multiple shoots observed from KIN+ BAP (0.5+2.5mg/l). Among the total auxins tried 2.5 mg/l of IBA showed the better rooting efficiency. In this research the newly raised Pedalium murex showed the 90% survival and better acclimatization in the field. This study will be helpful to conserve the species of coastal region from the natural disaster in future.
Seismic Facies and Structural Framework of the Southern Mexico Continental Margin

Combination of DSDP Leg 66 drilling results with a seismic facies analysis provides a basis for interpreting the regional sedimentation and environmental factors on the Mexican continental margin. The spatial relationship between the six recognized seismic facies and their variations distant from the actual drill holes also facilitates interpretation of tectonic and sedimentologic processes responsible for generation of the continental slope. Base of slope structures observed in the vicinity of a large submarine canyon are evidence for accretion of trench turbidites into the lower slope with significant deformation and rotation to high angles within 4 km of the trench axis. Where turbidites are not present in the trench axis, oceanic sediments continue beneath the slope, suggesting little or no addition (accretion) of material at the base of slope. Turbidites have been absent for long periods of time from most of the trench. Because Leg 66 drilling was concentrated near a major canyon that has been supplying turbidites to the trench since the late Miocene, slope generation is interpreted as the result of addition of trench deposits to the lower slope. Since the cross-sectional area is similar among areas with and without trench turbidites, other processes may be responsible for adding sediments to the accretionary zone. One such process may be the incorporation of slope deposits by incipient deformation, which is observed in some of the drill sites. The regional uplift may result from material added to the margin by accretion at deeper structural levels.
Likely effects of climate change on groundwater availability in a Mediterranean region of Southeastern Spain

Groundwater resources are typically the main fresh water source in arid and semi‐arid regions. Natural recharge of aquifers is mainly based on precipitation; however, only heavy precipitation events (HPEs) are expected to produce appreciable aquifer recharge in these environments. In this work, we used daily precipitation and monthly water level time series from different locations over a Mediterranean region of Southeastern Spain to identify the critical threshold value to define HPEs that lead to appreciable aquifer recharge in this region. Wavelet and trend analyses were used to study the changes in the temporal distribution of the chosen HPEs (≥20 mm day−1) over the observed period 1953–2012 and its projected evolution by using 18 downscaled climate projections over the projected period 2040–2099. The used precipitation time series were grouped in 10 clusters according to similarities between them assessed by using Pearson correlations. Results showed that the critical HPE threshold for the study area is 20 mm day−1. Wavelet analysis showed that observed significant seasonal and annual peaks in global wavelet spectrum in the first sub‐period (1953–1982) are no longer significant in the second sub‐period (1983–2012) in the major part of the ten clusters. This change is because of the reduction of the mean HPEs number, which showed a negative trend over the observed period in nine clusters and was significant in five of them. However, the mean size of HPEs showed a positive trend in six clusters. A similar tendency of change is expected over the projected period. The expected reduction of the mean HPEs number is two times higher under the high climate scenario (RCP8.5) than under the moderate scenario (RCP4.5). The mean size of these events is expected to increase under the two scenarios. The groundwater availability will be affected by the reduction of HPE number which will increase the length of no aquifer recharge periods (NARP) accentuating the groundwater drought in the region. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Canvases and careers : institutional change in the French painting world : with a new foreword and a new afterword

In the nineteenth century, the Academie des Beaux Arts, and institution of central importance to the artistic life of France for over two hundred years, yielded much of its power to the present system of art distribution, which is dependent upon critics, dealers, and small exhibitions. In "Canvases and Careers," Harrison and Cynthia White examine in scrupulous and fascinating detail how and why this shift occurred. Assimilating a wide range of historical and sociological data, the authors argue convincingly that the Academy, by neglecting to address the social and economic conditions of its time, undermined its own ability to maintain authority and control. Originally published in 1965, this ground-breaking work is a classic piece of empirical research in the sociology of art. In this edition, Harrison C. White's new Foreword compares the marketing approaches of two contemporary painters, while Cynthia A. White's new Afterword reviews recent scholarship in the field. "