Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Dual-Mass Flywheel on the Impact-Induced Noise in Vehicular Powertrain Systems

Abstract The appearance and persistence of impact-induced clonk noise in rear wheel drive light truck drivelines has led to an urgent need for remedial action. The pressure for delivering results within tight schedules and financial constraints has resulted in palliative actions rather than fundamental investigations. It has been speculated that the use of a dual-mass flywheel (DMF) can lead to attenuation of clonk metallic noise, even though its main purpose has been to counter transmission rattle by reducing the input torsional impulse. The present work investigates the effect of DMF on impact-induced clonk noise and its severity through experimentation. Sound measurements in the driveline only reveal a slight reduction in the overall levels of impact-induced noise, but a significant change in its quality - the sharpness associated with the typical metallic content of clonk is absent. The effect is also highlighted by the main frequency content of the response when DMF is employed. The duration of the clonk phenomenon is altered from the case where a traditional single solid-mass flywheel is employed.
Ultrasound Guidance as a Rescue Technique for Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation

Abstract : Peripheral intravenous (IV) cannulation can be difficult to perform using the traditional landmark or visual/palpation technique in patients with access difficulties such as deep, sclerotic, small, or fragile veins. Ultrasound guidance has shown efficacy in expediting the cannulation of central veins, but there is limited information on its utility in facilitating cannulation in peripheral veins, particularly for patients with difficult access. The purpose of this study was to compare the use of ultrasound guidance versus traditional technique for placing peripheral IV's in patients with difficult access. Patients were eligible for the study if they were over 18 years, not on steroid or anticoagulant therapy, required an 18 or 20 gauge IV, and had undergone two unsuccessful IV attempts by standard of care methods (non-ultrasound). After informed consent, patients were randomized to either traditional or ultrasound IV insertion by one of three trained study anesthesia providers. Data collected included number of attempts to start an IV, time to cannulation, and patient perception of pain of the insertion (0- 10 scale). In addition patient age, gender, height, weight, and body mass index were recorded. A total of 18 useable subjects were enrolled with 6 subjects randomly assigned to the traditional group and 12 subjects to the ultrasound group. Analysis showed no significant difference between traditional and ultrasound techniques on minutes for insertion (11.3 + 8.5, vs. 13.9+13.2, p=.670), patient pain perception (1.7+(). 5 vs. 2.6+2A, p.227), or number of attempts (3.2 + 2.5 vs. 1.7+.09, p=.204.). However, power was low at under . 43 for all comparisons. The results suggest that while ultrasound may require fewer attempts to cannulate, it is a potentially more painful and time consuming process.
The effects of velocity and nitrate on Phormidium accrual cycles: a stream mesocosm experiment

Proliferations of benthic cyanobacteria in the genus Phormidium are a global concern because of their increasing prevalence and ability to produce harmful toxins. Most studies have been observational and have linked physicochemical variables to Phormidium cover measured at the reach scale. Authors of these studies have alluded to nutrients and flow as key factors in accrual. Our goal was to use an experimental approach to examine how changes in velocity and NO3− concentrations influence Phormidium accrual. We hypothesized that: 1) Phormidium biomass accrual would be positively correlated with stream velocity; 2) biomass accrual would be positively related to NO3− concentration, which would have a stronger effect during early accrual; 3) an NO3− × velocity interaction would arise from saturation of accrual at high NO3− and high velocity; and 4) the probability of detachment would increase with decreasing velocity. We assessed mat expansion, biomass (as phycoerythrin and chlorophyll a [Chl a] concentrations, and biovolume), and algal assemblage composition in flow-through channel mesocosms for 16 d. We crossed 2 velocity treatments (0.1 and 0.2 m/s, slow and fast, respectively) with 3 NO3− treatments (0.02, 0.1, and 0.4 mg/L, ambient, medium, and high, respectively). Velocity was positively correlated with all measures of Phormidium biomass, but patch expansion rates increased at similar rates across all treatments. NO3− had no effect during early accrual, but phycoerythrin concentrations increased with increasing NO3− in fast-velocity treatments. At the end of the experiment, patch size was greater in the high-velocity treatments because of a greater number of partial or full patch detachments in slow-velocity treatments. These results suggest that NO3− concentrations do not affect Phormidium expansion and detachment, but may be important during colonization (not investigated), and that mat expansion occurs at a similar rate regardless of velocity, but termination of accrual cycles occurs earlier in slow velocities.
1H MRS phantom studies of BNCT 10B‐carrier, BPA–F using STEAM and PRESS MRS sequences: Detection limit and quantification

The quantification of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) 10 B-carrier, L-p-boronophenylalanine-fructose complex (BPA-F) was studied with phantoms using 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy sequences PRESS and STEAM at 1.5 and 3.0 T. The results show that typical attainable short echo times of clinical MRS sequences combined with long repetition time result in clinically acceptable quantification accuracy. However, the concentration ratios, which are essential for the treatment planning, can still be reliably measured by using small repetition times. Detection limits of BPA in aqueous phantoms at 1.5 and 3.0 T were evaluated using clinically acceptable measurement time of ∼10 min, two typical voxel sizes (15 3 and 20 3 mm 3 ) and PRESS and STEAM sequences. The detection limits of BPA in phantom conditions were 0.7 (3.0 T) and 1.4 mM (1.5 T) for PRESS sequence with 20 3 mm 3 voxel.
THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION ABOUT CLIENT IN MODERATED THE EFFECT OF THE INVOLVEMENT OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM HEAD AND THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM REPRESENTATIONS ON AUDIT PLANNING

This research examined the effect of executive involvement and problem representation toward audit planning using client’s information as moderating variable. The populations are managing partners, partners, and managers on the public accountant firm that located in DKI Jakarta. Purposive sampling used to take the samples. The sample was taken about 34 respondents which collected by using questionnaires. The analysis methods were consist of test quality data, descriptive statistic, classical assumption test, and hypotheses analysis used test of absolute difference value. The result of hypotheses analysis show that client information have not significantly impact on the influence of executive involvement and problem representation on audit planning
Transnationalism and the spaces of commodity culture

This paper presents a critical assessment of the concept of transnationalism and its place within the current refiguration of cultural geography. Identifying three specific concerns with current theorizations of transnationalism (regarding the concept's scope, specificity and politics), the paper discusses the widely perceived need to ‘ground’ the study of transnationalism in specific empirical research. It argues that this discussion has been unhelpfully dominated by an overemphasis on identifying transnational migrant and diasporic communities. The paper highlights the authors' research with a range of food and fashion firms working between Britain and the Indian subcontinent to argue that an analysis of commodity culture provides an alternative way of advancing our understanding of contemporary transnationality. This approach suggests that transnational space can be recognized as both multidimensional and multiply inhabited. The paper concludes by outlining the alternative ways in which attention to commodity culture helps ‘ground’ the concept of transnationalism.
Analytical Estimation of Elastic Properties of Polypropylene Fiber Matrix Composite by Finite Element Analysis

A structural composite is a material system consisting of two or more phases on a macroscopic scale, whose mechanical performance and properties are designed to be superior to those of constituent materials acting independently. Fiber reinforced composites (FRP) are slowly emerging from the realm of advanced materials and are replacing conventional materials in a variety of applications. However, the mechanics of FRPs are complex owing to their anisotropic and heterogeneous characteristics. In this paper a representative volume model has been considered and a finite element model incorporating the necessary boundary conditions is developed using available FEA package ANSYS to predict the elastic property of the composite. For verification, the numerical results of elastic properties are compared with the analytical solution and it is found that there is a good agreement between these results.
Late-winter Habitat Use by Boreal Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in Northwestern Saskatchewan

In an effort to better assess the impact of future timber harvest on wildlife, and to develop pertinent recovery plans for endangered species in specific locations, habitat queries (searches to retrieve data from a vegetation database) may be used to identify polygons (homogenous areas for specific forest stand characteristics) used by a species. During the late winters of 2009, 2011 and 2012, I developed and tested queries to predict the distribution of Boreal Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) habitat in Mistik Forest Management Agreement (FMA) area, in northwestern Saskatchewan. The objectives of this study were to 1) identify polygons with late-winter habitat potential according to forest stand composition and structural characteristics, 2) verify habitat use by Woodland Caribou, and 3) identify stands that should be protected in the future. In 2009, with a query based on generalities taken from Woodland Caribou habitat studies conducted in areas other than the Mistik FMA area, only 25% of track encounters (n = 8) occurred in polygons judged to be suitable for Woodland Caribou. After modifying the original query to include muskegs (treed bogs, treed fens, and treed swamps) that were ≤2 km apart, and upland stands that were ≤2 km from these muskegs, 76% and 93% of track encounters occurred in suitable polygons in 2011 (n = 46) and 2012 (n = 45), respectively. As predicted, the majority (61.5%) of 91 track encounters (≤2 Woodland Caribou/track encounter in most cases) occurred in muskegs, and nearly 25% were in late-successional, upland deciduous and mixed coniferous-deciduous stands located within 2 km from the edge of muskegs. Track encounters were significantly more frequent than expected in muskegs ( P 40% canopy closure with 0-10 m-high trees. There were no track encounters in Black Spruce ( Picea mariana) stands with 0-40% canopy closure and 0-20 m-high trees, and in Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) pure or mixed coniferous stands. Track encounters were significantly less frequent than expected ( P<0.01) in deciduous stands. In muskeg habitats used by Woodland Caribou, there was 1 track encounter/246 m of transect in 2011, and 1 track encounter/264 m of transect in 2012. Woodland Caribou track encounters were recorded at the beginning of transects, beside active roads and on pipelines, or further away depending on the distance of transects from roads and suitable muskeg habitat. The findings of this study led to a more effective rating of forest stands to predict the late-winter distribution of Boreal Woodland Caribou in Mistik FMA area. The index of track encounters/km of suitable muskeg habitat may be useful to assess the persistence of the Woodland Caribou population over time.
salinity distribution along topographic radients in tidal salt marshes in Atlantic and ulf coastal regions

Soil salinity plays a very important role in determining the distribution of vegetation, plant productivity, and biogeochemical processes in coastal marsh ecosystems. Salinity gradients and salinity–vegetation associations in salt marshes have often been observed but rarely explained. A quantitative and systematic study on the soil salinity distribution in salt marshes is not only important to the understanding of coastal marsh ecosystems but also to the development of a potentially useful ecological and environmental indicator. In this research, we developed a salt marsh soil salinity model based on an existing salt and water balance model with modifications to several key features to examine the impacts of tidal forcing, climate, soil, vegetation, and topography on soil salinity distributions of the Atlantic and Gulf coastal marshes. This model was calibrated and validated using field observations from the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) of northwestern Florida, USA. The results showed that the model had good agreement (r2 = 0.84, n = 15, P < 0.001) with field observa-
Chemical Constituents from Pedicularis rex

One new ionone glycoside, pedicurexoside (1), one new flavonoid, 5, 4′-dihydroxy-3′-methoxyflavone-7-O-6′′-n-butyryl-β -D-glucopyranoside (2), two new iridoid glycosides, 6-O-ethyl-aucubin (7), 6-O-ethyl-epiaucubin (8), and one new phenylpropanoid glycoside, 4-hydroxy-phenylpropenylα-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-4-Oferuloyl-β -D-glucopyranoside (13), together with eleven known compounds, apigenin (3), luteolin (4), chrysoeriol (5), luteolin-7-O-β -D-glucopyranoside (6), aucubin (9), yuheinoside (10), euphroside (11), mussaenoside (12), verbascoside (14), martynoside (15) and isomartynoside (16), were isolated from Pedicularis rex. The structures of 1 – 16 were elucidated mainly by 1D and 2D NMR techniques, MS evidence and chemical methods. The ionone derivative with thirteen carbon atoms was found in Pedicularis plants for the first time.
An investigation on Rose Mosaic Disease of Rose in Hatay-Turkey

Field inspections were carried out to investigate Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) which are associated with rose mosaic disease (RMD) during the years of 2008 and 2009. Characteristic symptoms, including chlorotic line patterns (zigzag pattern), vein-banding and mottles in leaves were observed during spring. Symptoms were also evident during summer on leaves produced until early summer. Flower abnormalities as phyllody were also exhibited during autumn. Distortion and reduction in flower size and early leaf drop have been observed on symptomatic plants in winter. Leaf samples taken from 15 rose plants from ‘ Rosa hybrida L. ’ neighboring stone fruit orchards were tested by mechanical inoculation to herbaceous plants and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) for the presence of ApMV, ArMV and PNRSV, which are the viruses related to RMD. Catharanthus roseus L. G. Don, Chenopodium amaranthicolor Coste and Reyn. , C. quinoa Wild, Cucumis sativus L. , Gomphrena globosa L. , Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl, Nicotiana benthamiana L. , N. clevelandii L. , Nicotiana glutinosa L. , Phaseolus vulgaris L. , Vigna unguiculata L. test plants were incubated after mechanical inoculation for symptom appearance at 25°C±2 and 16:8 h photoperiod (day:night) conditions in an insectproof room. Symptoms including chlorotic local lesions, systemic necrosis, stunting and yellow mottling began to appear on C. quinoa and C. sativus in 2-3 weeks after sap inoculation. Serological tests of test plants are in progress. The rose plants showing symptoms in home gardens were re-tested for the viruses in spring by ELISA. According to the results of the Bioassay by sap inoculation and ELISA on symptomatic rose plants, the causal agent of RMD is PNRSV. The viruses affecting rose plants spread through cuttings from a diseased plant because new plants are generally produced by the rooting of cuttings in home gardens in Hatay. Further detailed investigations are necessary to find out the causal agent/s of RMD in rose in the region, because infected rose plants can be an important factor in the epidemiology of virus diseases caused by these agents in rose plantations. Keywords : ApMV, Bioassay, ELISA, Oil Rose, PNRSV, virus
Determination method of the structure size interval of dynamic similar models for predicting vibration characteristics of the isotropic sandwich plates

A method is studied for determining the structure size interval of dynamic similar models of the isotropic sandwich plates. Firstly, a comparison between the two theories of plates, the Resineer theory and the Hoff theory, is conducted, including their governing equations and the ANSYS analytic solutions of frequency. The Resineer theory is chosen as the basic theory of this paper finally. Secondly, the scaling laws between the model and prototype of isotropic sandwich plate are established by combining the dimensional analysis and governing analysis. Both complete and incomplete geometric similarity conditions are discussed. Thirdly, the determination method of the structure size interval of the models is proposed. The nature vibration mode keeps the same and the nature frequency and harmonic response keep in proportion with the prototype of the sandwich plate. At last, the flow step of the intervals determination method is given.
Male-killing Wolbachia and male mate choice: a test with Drosophila innubila

Hypothesis: Species infected with male-killing endosymbionts may exhibit reversal in sexual selection, with males exhibiting a preference for uninfected females. Organism: Drosophila innubila, a species in which a substantial proportion of the females are infected with male-killing Wolbachia. Methods: Laboratory experiments in which males were allowed to choose between infected and uninfected females within a population cage. Virgin or non-virgin males and females were tested separately in all four combinations, as prior mating history may affect motivation to mate and thus choosiness. In a separate experiment, males were allowed to mate repeatedly and offspring production was monitored to determine if multiple mating adversely affects male fertility. Results: In the mate choice tests, the number of infected and uninfected females that mated was very similar in all tests, thus providing no evidence that males prefer uninfected females. Male fertility declined substantially in successive matings, indicating that they do not have unlimited capacity to sire offspring through repeated mating. New hypothesis: If infected and uninfected females differ in some quantitative phenotypic trait, the probability that a female is infected depends not only on her phenotype but also on the prevalence of infection among females in the population. Hence, the phenotypic cues that might be used as the basis for adaptive male mate choice are likely to be ambiguous, thus impeding the evolution of male choosiness.
The valuation of European options when asset returns are autocorrelated

This article derives the closed‐form formula for a European option on an asset with returns following a continuous‐time type of first‐order moving average process, which is called an MA(1)‐type option. The pricing formula of these options is similar to that of Black and Scholes, except for the total volatility input. Specifically, the total volatility input of MA(1)‐type options is the conditional standard deviation of continuous‐compounded returns over the option's remaining life, whereas the total volatility input of Black and Scholes is indeed the diffusion coefficient of a geometric Brownian motion times the square root of an option's time to maturity. Based on the result of numerical analyses, the impact of autocorrelation induced by the MA(1)‐type process is significant to option values even when the autocorrelation between asset returns is weak. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26:85–102, 2006
Optimization of cellulase production by submerged fermentation of rice straw by Trichoderma harzianum Rut-C 8230

The cellulase production by Trichoderma harzianum MTCC 8230 was studied using rice straw as substrate that supported better cellulase production than carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The optimum conditions for cellulase production were (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 g L as nitrogen source, pH (5.0), temperature (28°C) and incoulum size (10 spores ml). Tween 80 (0.1%) improved the overall cellulase production as under these optimized conditions, C1, Cx and CB activities of 0.127, 0.15 and 1.65 U ml -1 respectively were produced. The enzyme was concentrated 2.65 folds with a yield of 73.8% using ammonium suplhate precipitation followed by dialysis.
Observations of AGW/TID propagation across the polar cap: a case study

Abstract. In this paper, we present observational evidence for the trans-polar propagation of large-scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) from their nightside source region to the dayside. On 13 February 2001, the 32 m dish of EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) was directing toward the geomagnetic pole at low elevation (30°) during the interval 06:00–12:00 UT (MLT ≈ UT + 3 h), providing an excellent opportunity to monitor the ionosphere F-region over the polar cap. The TIDs were first detected by the ESR over the dayside north polar cap, propagating equatorward, and were subsequently seen by the mainland UHF radar at auroral latitudes around geomagnetic local noon. The propagation properties of the observed ionization waves suggest the presence of a moderately large-scale TIDs, propagating across the northern polar cap from the night-time auroral source during substorm conditions. Our results agree with the theoretical simulations by Balthazor and Moffett (1999) in which poleward-propagating large-scale traveling atmospheric disturbances were found to be self-consistently driven by enhancements in auroral heating.