Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drinking‐Water Treatment Residual Effects on the Phosphorus Status of Field Soils Amended with Biosolids, Manure, and Fertilizer

Abstract Concerns about surface water pollution with phosphorus (P) from biosolids and manures are prompting land application guidelines that limit residual application rates to those based on crop‐P removals (typically, no more than 2 Mg ha−1). Such rates are so low that the beneficial recycling of residuals is seriously threatened. Greater application rates [i.e., nitrogen (N) based] require judicious selection of residuals (low soluble P contents) and/or soil amendments, such as drinking‐water treatment residuals (WTRs) to control soluble P concentration. Although in the short term, WTR is effective in reducing soluble P levels, field studies to evaluate the stability of WTR‐immobilized P are scarce. The initial objective of this study was to determine the effects of WTR on P losses to surface and groundwater from Florida sand amended with different P sources (biosolids, manure, and inorganic fertilizer) applied at P‐ and N‐based rates. However, this objective could not be pursued to its logical conclusion because of severe flooding of the field 17 months after amendment application. The flooding appears to have compromised the treatments (moved soil and associated amendments across plots), which forced early termination of the experiment. Measurements taken after the flooding, however, provided a unique opportunity to assess the usefulness of WTR in controlling P solubility following severe flooding of WTR‐amended plots. Soluble P values measured from WTR‐amended A horizon plots were significantly lower than the plots without WTR amendment throughout the study. Phosphorus‐specific measurements in the Bh horizon suggest that excessive P leaching apparently occurred in the plots without WTR amendment and the control plots, whereas very little or no P leaching occurred in the WTR‐amended plots. Thus, despite extensive hurricane‐induced flooding of the fields, the WTR was able immobilize P and prevent excessive P leaching. We conclude that WTR could reduce offsite P transport, which will lower P loads into nutrient‐sensitive surface water systems, and that WTR‐immobilized P is stable even under severe flooding conditions.
Numerical calculation of the radiation exposure from galactic cosmic rays at aviation altitudes with the PANDOCA core model

The increased radiation exposure at aviation altitudes is of public interest as well as of legal relevance in many countries. The dose rates that are elevated compared to sea level are mainly caused by galactic cosmic ray particles interacting with the atmosphere and producing a complex radiation field at aviation altitudes. The intensity and composition of this radiation field mainly depend on altitude, geomagnetic shielding, and primary particle intensity. In this work, we present a model based on Monte Carlo simulations, which retrospectively estimates secondary particle fluence as well as ambient dose equivalent rates and effective dose rates at any point in the atmosphere. This model will be used as the physical core in the Professional Aviation Dose Calculator (PANDOCA) software developed by the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt) for the calculation of route doses in aviation. The calculations are based on galactic cosmic ray spectra taking into account primary nuclei from hydrogen to iron by direct transport calculations of hydrogen and helium nuclei and approximating heavier nuclei by the number of protons equaling the corresponding atomic number. A comparison to experimental data recorded on several flights with a tissue equivalent proportional counter shows a very good agreement between model calculations and measurements.
COMPARISON OF SORPTION PROPERTIES OF SEMOLINA AND FARINA

A b s t r a c t . The examined flours were characterized by variable chemical composition resulting from the genetic variety. The semolina (hard wheat flour) and farina (soft wheat flour) sorption isotherms were determined with the use of the stati c-dessicatory method at 20°C. The equilibrium water content significantly depended on the product type and water activity. A distinct increase of th e water content was found in both examined types of flours at aw about 0.75. Probably above the level of aw = 0.75 there appeared the phenomenon of capillary condensation. On the basis of the BET equation there was determined the capacity of a monolayer (s emolina ‐ 5.53 and farina ‐ 5.88 g·(100 g.s.s) -1 ) and on its basis the specific surface of sorption ( semolina ‐ 194.2 and farina ‐ 206.6 m 2 g -1 ). There was also determined the general capacity of capillaries in the area of capillary condensation, recording higher values of this parameter for farina. On the basis of Kelvin equation the structure of examined flours was identified, defining the most probable r adius of capillaries and indicating the radius of capillaries which are filled in the initial phase o f condensation. K e y w o r d s : semolina, farina, isotherms of sorption, monolayer capacity, specific surface of sorption, water activity, the energy constant, BET
Differences in Motivations and Academic Achievement

This paper provides new evidence on the effect of pupils’ self-motivation on academic achievement in science across countries. By using the OECD´s Programme for International Student Assessment 2006 (PISA 2006) test, we find that self-motivation has a positive effect on students’ performance. Instrumental Variables Quantile Regression is used to analyze the existence of different estimated coefficients over the scores distribution, allowing us to deal with the potential endogeneity of self-motivation. We find that the impact of intrinsic motivation on academic performance depends on the pupil’s score. Our findings support the importance of designing focalized programs for different populations that foster their motivation towards learning.
The Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction: Implications for Sex Therapy with Couples.

Although much has been written about the treatment of sexual dysfunction and sexual dissatisfaction, the enhancement of sexual satisfaction has received little attention in either the empirical or clinical literature. Most of the literature on sexual satisfaction that does exist has lacked a definition of the construct. In addition, until recently, there has not been a theoretical model to guide either research or our understanding of factors influencing sexual satisfaction. In order to fill these gaps, Lawrance and Byers (1995) developed and established the validity of the Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction (IEMSS). This article first discusses issues related to defining sexual satisfaction and proposes a definition of the construct. Second, the exchange perspective in general and the IEMSS in particular are described. Third, the results of studies which have validated the IEMSS with Canadians in long-term relationships, Canadians in dating relationships, and married individuals living in China are presented. Finally, the implications of the IEMSS for clinical practice are elaborated.
Lizard Assemblages from Natural Cerrado Enclaves in Southwestern Amazonia : The Role of Stochastic Extinctions and Isolation Author ( s ) :

We used null model analyses to investigate the existence of structure in lizard assemblages from open vegetation enclaves in Rond6nia, southwestern Amazonia, in relation to species richness, species co-occurrence, diet, and size overlap. These enclaves presumably have been isolated since the Holocene, providing a history of long-term isolation. We assumed that the presence of structure in lizard assemblages from the Rond6nia enclaves is consistent with the notion that extinctions are a deterministic process, some species being more prone to extinction than others. We grouped enclaves into four categories: latosoil cerrado, sandy cerrado, transitional forest, and rocky field. We collected 14 Cerrado lizard species, consisting of five families in all sampled areas. Analyses of species richness, co-occurrence, diet overlap, and size overlap patterns suggested lack of organization in the assemblages. The assemblages from the rocky fields of Guajara-Mirim and the sandy cerrados in Vilhena were significantly structured in diet overlap, whereas the remaining assemblages lacked structure. This probably resulted from phylogenetic inertia and not from ecological interactions. Our results suggest that extinctions proceeded in a stochastic fashion and that historical factors had a dominant role in shaping lizard assemblages in detriment of present-day ecological factors. In addition, we identified endemic species in the enclaves as well as a tight association between unique ecogeographic features of the landscape and species occurrences. We propose that conservation measures in the region must adequately preserve these features to ensure the survival of the species.
Collective Motions of Molecular Machines under Non-equilibrium Condition with Chemo-mechanical Coupling

A physical mechanism of alternate motion of the double-headed processive motor is considered. Incorporating recent experimental observations, we introduce a model with load dependent transitions between states of motors. Our model explains the mechanism how randomly fluctuating motions can be converted into clocklike alternate motions. We investigate conditions under which the double-headed motor works as a collectively working processive motor.
Factors Influencing People’s Participation in Sustainable Natural Resources Management: A Case Study in Central Iran

Today, identifying and evaluating the factors that influence People’s Participation (PP) in Sustainable Natural Resource Management (SNRM) are the most common challenges that natural resource scientists should address. The purpose of this study was to understand the demographic, socio-cultural, and religious factors that influence PP in SNRM in Isfahan city, Iran. Using a multi-stage, stratified random sampling method, 200 experts and natural resource users were selected through Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient (0.93). Data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. A panel of experts and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, respectively, approved the content validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Results showed that public awareness factors were the key elements when approaching SNRM in the view of natural resource experts, while natural resource users identified religious characteristics as the key factors that influence PP. Furthermore, the results indicated that there was no significant difference between personal characteristics (age, education background, marital status) and PP in SNRM. Thus, it can be concluded that the natural resource experts and users perceive the factors that influence the adoption of SNRM approaches differently. Since these factors are still poorly understood and vary widely across the country, more research is needed in order to better understand the PP and adoption of SNRM.
Running with BICEP2: implications for small-scale problems in CDM

© 2014 The Authors. The BICEP2 results, when interpreted as a gravitational wave signal and combined with other cosmic microwave background data, suggest a roll-off in power towards small scales in the primordial matter power spectrum. Among the simplest possibilities is a running of the spectral index. Here we show that the preferred level of running alleviates small-scale issues within the ΛCDM model, more so even than viable WDM models. We use cosmological zoom-in simulations of a MilkyWay-sized halo along with full-box simulations to compare predictions among four separate cosmologies: a BICEP2-inspired running index model (αs = -0.024), two fixed-tilt ΛCDM models motivated by Planck, and a 2.6 keV thermal WDM model. We find that the running BICEP2 model reduces the central densities of large dwarf-sized haloes (Vmax ~ 30-80 km s-1) and alleviates the too-big-to-fail problem significantly compared to our adopted Planck andWDMcases. Further, the BICEP2 model suppresses the count of small subhaloes by ~50 per cent relative to Planck models, and yields a significantly lower 'boost' factor for dark matter annihilation signals. Our findings highlight the need to understand the shape of the primordial power spectrum in order to correctly interpret small-scale data.
Hyperspectral UAV-imagery and photogrammetric canopy height model in estimating forest stand variables

Remote sensing using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) -borne sensors is currently a highly interesting approach for the estimation of forest characteristics. 3D remote sensing data from airborne laser scanning or digital stereo photogrammetry enable highly accurate estimation of forest variables related to the volume of growing stock and dimension of the trees, whereas recognition of tree species dominance and proportion of different tree species has been a major complication in remote sensing-based estimation of stand variables. In this study the use of UAV-borne hyperspectral imagery was examined in combination with a high-resolution photogrammetric canopy height model in estimating forest variables of 298 sample plots. Data were captured from eleven separate test sites under weather conditions varying from sunny to cloudy and partially cloudy. Both calibrated hyperspectral reflectance images and uncalibrated imagery were tested in combination with a canopy height model based on RGB camera imagery using the k-nearest neighbour estimation method. The results indicate that this data combination allows accurate estimation of stand volume, mean height and diameter: the best relative RMSE values for those variables were 22.7%, 7.4% and 14.7%, respectively. In estimating volume and dimension-related variables, the use of a calibrated image mosaic did not bring significant improvement in the results. In estimating the volumes of individual tree species, the use of calibrated hyperspectral imagery generally brought marked improvement in the estimation accuracy; the best relative RMSE values for the volumes for pine, spruce, larch and broadleaved trees were 34.5%, 57.2%, 45.7% and 42.0%, respectively.
DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ANATOLIAN CAROB POD (CERATONIA SILIQUA L.): SUGARS, AMINO AND ORGANIC ACIDS, MINERALS AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS

ABSTRACT Carob pod is the fruit of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L. Fabaceae). The fruit and its products, sold both in large stores and local markets, contribute strongly to the diet of people living in the Mediterranean areas of Europe and Turkey. This study reports the composition of carob pods sampled in West and South Anatolia. Sucrose (437.3 mg/g dry weight), glucose (395.8 mg/g dry weight) and fructose (42.3 mg/g dry weight) were the major sugars identified and quantified in the fruit. Total phenolics (13.51 mg gallic acid equivalents [GAE]/g dry weight), proanthocyanidin (0.36 mg GAE/g dry weight), gallotannins (0.41 catechin equivalents [CE]/g dry weight) and flavanols (3.21 mg CE/g dry weight protein) content of the fruit were also determined. Gallic acid (3.27 mg/g dry weight) was the most abundant phenolic acid present in all three phenolic fractions (free, ester and glycoside) isolated from pods. Aspartic acid (18.25 mg/g dry weight protein) was the predominant amino acid in the pod protein fraction. Eight minerals were quantified in the fruit. Among the analyzed major minerals, K (9.70 mg/g dry weight) was the most abundant element present, and the pods were richer in Ca than in P and Mg. Levels of trace minerals were comparable to other plant species. The data are discussed in terms of the nutritional value of the carob pod. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The use of carob fruit and its food products in Turkey has been increasing in recent years. However, knowledge about the composition of carob fruit pod produced in Turkey as well as in Mediterranean countries is lacking. The present work describes a composition scale and the advantages to food technologists and consumers who use the fruit and its fruit products in their diets. The results of the study can also aid in the assessment of adequate compositional information for further studies.
Morphologic Changes of a Micro-Tidal, Low Wave Energy Beach Face During a Spring-Neap Tide Cycle, Rhone-Delta, France

Detailed profiles of the beach face at the micro-tidal, low wave energy shoreline of the Rhone-Delta were measured up to three times daily during one spring-neap tide cycle. Samples of sedimentary structures and quantitative data of tides, wind, waves, swash and backwash, beach groundwater levels and sediment transport were collected simultaneously. A qualitative model for morphologic changes of the beach face in the Rhone-Delta is based on these data. As the study period did not include storms, the results are only applicable to low wave energy conditions. The morphologic changes of the beach face can be schematized as an alternation of three profile types: (1) straight, (2) concave and (3) convex-concave. The straight profile develops under lower energy conditions (H b 0.35 m). The concave profile takes an intermediate position. The influence of the micro-tidal cycle (mean range 0.21 m) on the beach face morphology is expressed by the exact position of the step and the berm crest. Slight variations of the three profile types develop under conditions of strong offshore winds resulting in eolian sediment transport towards the beach face and during high groundwater levels relative to sea-level leading to localized mid-beach face erosion caused by impermeability of this part of the beach face. Sedimentary structures were classified according to the observed morphologic zones in the beach face environment
Discussion Paper 2006-001 Calibration Risk for Exotic Options

Option pricing models are calibrated to market data of plain vanillas by minimization of an error functional. From the economic viewpoint, there are several possibilities to measure the error between the market and the model. These different specifications of the error give rise to different sets of calibrated model parameters and the resulting prices of exotic options vary significantly. These price differences often exceed the usual profit margin of exotic options. We provide evidence for this calibration risk in a time series of DAX implied volatility surfaces from April 2003 to March 2004. We analyze in the Heston and in the Bates model factors influencing these price differences of exotic options and finally recommend an error functional. Moreover, we determine the model risk of these two stochastic volatility models for the time series and consider its relation to calibration risk.
The noctilucent cloud (NLC) display during the ECOMA/MASS sounding rocket flights on 3 August 2007: morphology on global to local scales

Abstract. During the ECOMA/MASS rocket campaign large scale NLC/PMC was observed by satellite, lidar and camera from polar to mid latitudes. We examine the observations from different instruments to investigate the morphology of the cloud. Satellite observations show a planetary wave 2 structure. Lidar observations from Kuhlungsborn (54° N), Esrange (68° N) and ALOMAR (69° N) show a highly dynamic NLC layer. Under favorable solar illumination the cloud is also observable by ground-based cameras. The cloud was detected by cameras from Trondheim (63° N), Juliusruh (55° N) and Kuhlungsborn. We investigate planetary scale morphology and local scale gravity wave structures, important for the interpretation of the small scale rocket soundings. We compare in detail the lidar observations with the NLC structure observed by the camera in Trondheim. The ALOMAR RMR-lidar observed only a faint NLC during the ECOMA launch window, while the camera in Trondheim showed a strong NLC display in the direction of ALOMAR. Using the high resolution camera observations (t~30 s, Δx
THE DEGREE OF STUDENTS INVOLVEMENT IN THE SOCIAL STUDIES TEXTBOOK FOR SIX INTERMEDIATE BASIC SCHOOL IN KURDISTAN REGION 'STUDY AND ANALYSIS'

The current study aimed to investigate the degree of students' involvement in the social studies textbook for Six Intermediate Basic School in the Kurdistan Region by it is three units: Geography, History, Citizenship, through the presentation of: educational content, Figures & diagrams, and educational activities. The study also aimed to investigate the difference in the degree of students' involvement in the textbook according to educational units. To achieve this aim the researcher utilized Romy's method to calculate the variables of students' involvement coefficients, and Chi-square test to investigate the differences in involvement degree of the textbook according to educational units. The results showed revealed reduction of students' involvement in educational content in geography, history, Citizenship units, and did not located within the acceptable range adopted by Romy's , it is values were (0.06, 0.10, 0.13) consecutively, the results also showed revealed reduction involvement in figures & diagrams in geography unit it is value reached (0.12), and non- involvement for history and citizenship, and the students' involvement through educational activities the book showed an excellent student except in geography unit with coefficient (0.31). The results also revealed that there were no statistical significant differences in the level (0.05) in each educational content and activities, with statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) in the figures & diagrams. The researcher recommended the need for much attention to the students involvement in social studies textbook in educational content, figures & diagrams, and activities in geography unit, moreover, doing further typical analytical studies to be conducted on social studies textbooks in other classrooms in general, in the light of the degree of the student involvement in it.
A Cross-sectional Analysis of Motivation and Decision Making in Referrals to Lifestyle Interventions by Primary Care General Practitioners : A Call for Guidance Besides professional estimates , personal experiences with a healthy lifestyle may also influence GPs ’ referral behavior

Aim. To explore (1) general practitioners’ (GPs’) motivations to refer to lifestyle interventions and to investigate the association between GPs’ own lifestyle behaviors and their referral behavior and (2) patient indicators in the decisionmaking process of the GPs’ referral to lifestyle interventions. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 99 Dutch primary care GPs. Their motivation to refer was assessed by beliefs regarding lifestyle interventions. GPs’ referral behaviors were assessed—considering referral and self-reported actual referral—as well as their own lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, dieting, being overweight). Decision making regarding referring patients to lifestyle interventions was assessed by imposed patient indicators, spontaneously suggested decisive patient indicators, and case-based referring (vignettes). Results. A substantial group of GPs was not motivated for referral to lifestyle interventions. GPs’ referral behavior was significantly associated with their perceived subjective norm, behavioral control, and their own physical activity and diet. Most important, patient indicators in referral to lifestyle interventions were somatic indicators and patients’ motivation for lifestyle interventions. Conclusions. GPs’ motivation and referral behavior might be improved by providing them with tailored resources about evidencebased lifestyle interventions, with support from allied health professionals and with official guidelines for a more objective and systematic screening of patients.