Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3. Determinants of buyer-seller relationships in agribusiness supply chains for dry-land farming products in Lombok Indonesia

Abstrak Walaupun ada banyak cerita sukses tentang pembangunan pertanian di Indonesia tetapi belum memberikan perbaikan yang berarti buat kesejahteraan petani. Hal ini umumnya juga terjadi di pertanian lahan kering di Lombok. Banyak penelitian dan penyuluhan di wilayah ini ditekankan pada perbaikan sistem produksi dan sangat sedikit yang diarahkan untuk pengembangan rantai pasokan (supply chain). Tulisan ini menggambarkan tentang rantai pasokan agribisnis untuk hasil pertanian petani kecil di lahan kering dan menganalisis faktor yang menentukan proses rantai pasokan itu. Studi ini mengamati rantai pasokan untuk empat komoditi – jagung, kacang tanah, ubikayu dan padi. Hasil tulisan ini mengungkapkan pola hubungan antara petani dengan pelaku rantai pasokan lainnya. Abstract Although there have been a number of success stories from the agricultural development programs undertaken in Indonesia it is acknowledged that the change has not led to a significant improvement of farmers’ welfare. This is generally the case for dryland farmers in Lombok. Much of the research and extension effort in Lombok has been targeted at developing improved dryland production systems and little effort has been devoted to developing the product supply chains. This paper describes the agribusiness supply chain (SC) issues for produce from small farmers in dry land areas and analyses the factors contributing to the supply chain process. This study has looked at four product supply chains – those for maize, peanuts, cassava, and paddy. The results explore the relationships between farmers and others in the supply chain.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIVERSIFICATION EVENTS: THE EARLY PALEOZOIC VERSUS THE MESOZOIC

We compare two major long‐term diversifications of marine animal families that began during periods of low diversity but produced strikingly different numbers of phyla, classes, and orders. The first is the early‐Paleozoic diversification (late Vendian–Ordovician; 182 MY duration) and the other the Mesozoic phase of the post‐Paleozoic diversification (183 MY duration). The earlier diversification was associated with a great burst of morphological invention producing many phyla, classes, and orders and displaying high per taxon rates of family origination. The later diversification lacked novel morphologies recognized as phyla and classes, produced fewer orders, and displayed lower per taxon rates of family appearances.
Statistical Errors in Papers in the British Journal of Psychiatry

Summary In the 12 months from July 1977 to June 1978, out of 168 papers in the British Journal of Psychiatry, 139 (83 per cent) presented numerical results. A total of 63 papers contained statistical errors and at least one drew unsupportable conclusions. In many cases the errors were not considered to be severe, but they were often sufficient to raise doubts about some inferences. It is suggested that more consultation of investigators with medical statisticians, a basic training in statistical methods in the preclinical years, and more extensive statistical refereeing are needed.
Bioenergy frequency measurement of stressed and non-stressed individuals using Resonant Field Imaging (RFI) frequency counter

This study attempted to determine the pattern of the human bioenergy frequency measured by Resonant Field Imaging (RFI) frequency counter at the frontal area of stressed and non-stressed individuals. Subjects were categorized into stressed and non-stressed groups by the scores of self-report questionnaires which consist of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The mean of bioenergy frequencies revealed to be significantly different among gender and educational levels of the subjects. Significant differences on mean of bioenergy frequencies were also found between the groups of stressed and non-stressed subjects. Male subjects showed statistically significant differences on the mean frequencies of bioenergy between stressed and non-stressed groups for K10 and HADS-Depression while female subjects only reported a significant difference on the mean of bioenergy frequencies between stressed and non-stressed groups based on HADS-Depression. In conclusion, RFI frequency counter was able to differentiate the human bioenergy frequencies in the stressed and non-stressed subjects, illustrating that the frequency counter may have a great potential to be applied as a screening tool in detecting individual with stress.
When Does Co-Rumination Facilitate Depression Contagion in Adolescent Friendships? Investigating Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Factors

Research supports the notion that adolescents’ mental health is impacted by peers via contagion processes. A growing area of interest has been how co-rumination may influence depressive symptoms within friendships. The current study examined particular conditions under which co-rumination is especially likely to facilitate depression contagion. Participants were adolescents (N = 480, 49% female, M age = 14.6 years, 59.5% European American) paired in friendship dyads and assessed over 9 months. Characteristics of the adolescent (personal distress), of the friend (excessive reassurance seeking), and of the friendship (friendship quality) were considered. Moderated mediation analyses indicated that co-rumination facilitated depression contagion only under conditions of adolescents’ high personal distress, friends’ high excessive reassurance seeking, and high positive friendship quality. This research underscores the importance of attending to how and under what conditions depression contagion occurs within friendships in order to support adolescents’ positive social and emotional development.
Is IFRS conditionally or unconditionally more conservative than local GAAP? Evidence from Japan

This article examines whether there is a difference in the degree of conditional and unconditional conservatism between firms that adopted or plan to adopt IFRS and those that use Japanese Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (J-GAAP). Although some differences in accounting standards and accounting treatments related to conservatism exist between J-GAAP and IFRS, whether IFRS is less conservative is a priori unclear. However, our estimated proxies of conditional conservatism are larger for J-GAAP users, which have the similar corporate governance structure as IFRS adopters, than for IFRS adopters, while those of unconditional conservatism are not significantly different between the two parties. JEL classification: M41; M48 EFM classification: 710
An evaluation of a telemedicine fracture review clinic

summary Telemedicine is being widely used in the treatment of patients with minor injuries in north-east Scotland. A telemedicine fracture review clinic has been developed. During a one-month study period there were a total of 67 review appointments and 88 new patients. Fifty individual patients were reviewed and 10 were seen on more than one occasion. The mean number of reviews for all patients was 2.3. Thirty-six patients had initially been seen by telemedicine, six of whom (17%) had to come to Aberdeen for part of their treatment. Fourteen patients reviewed by telemedicine had initially been seen in person. All patients were safely managed and normal guidelines were followed. There is scope for significant expansion of this service, since 131 patients were seen in a fracture clinic in Aberdeen who lived close to a minor injury unit with telemedicine and X-ray facilities. The majority of these patients were likely to have had injuries suitable to be followed up using telemedicine.
Detection of social signals for recognizing engagement in human-robot interaction

Detection of engagement during a conversation is an important function of human-robot interaction. The level of user engagement can influence the dialogue strategy of the robot. Our motivation in this work is to detect several behaviors which will be used as social signal inputs for a real-time engagement recognition model. These behaviors are nodding, laughter, verbal backchannels and eye gaze. We describe models of these behaviors which have been learned from a large corpus of human-robot interactions with the android robot ERICA. Input data to the models comes from a Kinect sensor and a microphone array. Using our engagement recognition model, we can achieve reasonable performance using the inputs from automatic social signal detection, compared to using manual annotation as input.
Effects of acute and longer-term dietary restriction on upper gut motility, hormone, appetite, and energy-intake responses to duodenal lipid in lean and obese men.

BACKGROUND A 4-d 70% energy restriction enhances gastrointestinal sensitivity to nutrients associated with enhanced energy-intake suppression by lipid. To our knowledge, it is unknown whether these changes occur with 30% energy restriction and are sustained in the longer term. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that 1) a 4-d 30% energy restriction would enhance effects of intraduodenal lipid on gastrointestinal motility, gut hormones, appetite, and energy intake in lean and obese men and 2) a 12-wk energy restriction associated with weight loss would diminish effects of acute energy restriction on responses to lipid in in obese men. DESIGN Twelve obese males were studied before (day 0) and after 4 d (day 5), 4 wk (week 4), and 12 wk (week 12), and 12 lean males were studied before and after 4 d of consumption of a 30% energy-restricted diet. On each study day, antropyloroduodenal pressures, gut hormones, and appetite during a 120-min (2.86-kcal/min) intraduodenal lipid infusion and energy intake at a buffet lunch were measured. RESULTS On day 5, fasting cholecystokinin was less, and ghrelin was higher, in lean (P < 0.05) but not obese men, and lipid-stimulated cholecystokinin and peptide YY and the desire to eat were greater in both groups (P < 0.05), with no differences in energy intakes compared with on day 0. In obese men, a 12-wk energy restriction led to weight loss (9.7 ± 0.7 kg). Lipid-induced basal pyloric pressures (BPPs), peptide YY, and the desire to eat were greater (P < 0.05), whereas the amount eaten was less (P < 0.05), at weeks 4 and 12 compared with day 0. CONCLUSIONS A 4-d 30% energy restriction modestly affects responses to intraduodenal lipid in health and obesity but not energy intake, whereas a 12-wk energy restriction, associated with weight-loss, enhances lipid-induced BPP and peptide YY and reduces food intake, suggesting that energy restriction increases gastrointestinal sensitivity to lipid. This trial was registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (www.anzctr.org.au) as 12609000943246.
Executive Deferral Plans and Insider Trading

We study executive equity contributions to non-qualified deferred compensation plans, which consist in the election to defer part or all of the annual cash pay into the company’s stock. These transactions provide executives with an alternative channel to purchase shares in the firm while benefiting from a defence against illegal insider trading allegations. Using a large sample of executive deferrals over 2000-2014, we find evidence that executives use these transactions as a means to acquire the company’s stock during blackout windows. Consistent with the conjecture that deferrals benefit from lower litigation costs that inhibit insider trading before the release of corporate news, we also find that deferral amounts are significantly higher (lower) before the disclosure of good (bad) earnings news. Together, these results suggest that executives can use equity deferrals to circumvent Rule 10b5 restrictions and generate substantial returns by strategically selecting timing and content of corporate disclosures around these transactions.
Global Information Pickup Underpins Anticipation of Tennis Shot Direction

The authors examined the importance of local dynamical information when anticipating tennis shot direction. In separate experiments, they occluded the arm and racket, shoulders, hips, trunk, and legs and locally neutralized dynamical differences between shot directions, respectively. The authors examined the impact of these manipulations on resulting (display) dynamics and the ability of participants with varying perceptual skills to anticipate shot direction. The occlusion manipulation affected the display dynamics to a larger extent than did the neutralization manipulation. Although the authors observed a decrement in performance when local information from the arm and racket was occluded or neutralized and when information from the trunk and legs was neutralized, the results generally suggest that participants anticipated shot direction through a more global perceptual approach, particularly in perceptually skilled participants.
Effect of good corporate governance, audit tenure, and voluntary disclosure to cost of debt (empirical studies on lq 45 companies listed in Indonesia stock exchange period 2012-2015)

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of good corporate governance, audit tenure and voluntary disclosure on cost of debt in LQ 45 companies that listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange period 2012-2015. In this research, an indicator of good corporate governance includes: Managerial Ownership, Institutional Ownership, independent Board of Commissioner composition and audit committee. Based on purposive sampling method and established criteria, then there are 24 companies selected as sample. So there are 45 sample units. The method to test hypothesis is multiple regression analysis. The result in this research show that Managerial Owneship, Independent Board of Commissioners Composition and voluntary disclosure have an effect on the cost of debt. In the other hand, institutional ownership, committee audit and audit tenure does not effect on the cost of debt.
Lipoprotein Structure and Dynamics: Low Density Lipoprotein Viewed as a Highly Dynamic and Flexible Nanoparticle

© 2012Prassl and Laggner, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Lipoprotein Structure and Dynamics: Low Density Lipoprotein Viewed as a Highly Dynamic and Flexible Nanoparticle
Application of rapid dot-ELISA for antibody detection of leptospirosis.

Leptospirosis, a most common zoonotic disease in the world, presents with varied clinical manifestations like febrile jaundice, pyrexia of unknown origin, aseptic meningitis and hepatorenal failure (Alani et al., 1993). The wide spectrum of symptoms confuses the clinical diagnosis and makes it undependable. The laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis, a prerequisite for treatment, is usually achieved either by isolation of the causative organisms or by serological evidence indicating recent infection (Werts et al., 2001). Isolation of organisms from clinical samples is confirmatory, but a positive culture result may take up to 6 weeks and therefore it doesn’t contribute to early diagnosis. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is the reference test for diagnosis and detects antibodies at serovar levels (Cinco et al., 1992). However, the test is time consuming, requires the use of paired sera (Levett & Whittington, 1998; Sharma et al., 2000), result interpretation is possible only by experts, can show low sensitivity and involves the use of a battery of at least 12–25 leptospires belonging to different serogroups prevalent in that region (Adler et al., 1980). The maintenance of stock cultures and use of live organisms creates a risk of laboratory-acquired infection (Wautkins & Zochowski, 1990; Winslow et al., 1997). Several methods have been developed for use in diagnosis of leptospirosis as an alternative to MAT, of which IgM ELISA is the most promising and detects genus-specific antibodies (Levett & Whittington, 1998).
Benign Neglect of Covenant Violations: Blissful Banking or Ignorant Monitoring?

Theoretically, bank's loan monitoring activity hinges critically on its capitalisation. To proxy for monitoring intensity, we use changes in borrowers' investment following loan covenant violations, when creditors can intervene in the governance of the firm. Exploiting granular bank-firm relationships observed in the syndicated loan market, we document substantial heterogeneity in monitoring across banks and through time. Better capitalised banks are more lenient monitors that intervene less with covenant violators. Importantly, this hands-off approach is associated with improved borrowers' performance. Beyond enhancing financial resilience, regulation that requires banks to hold more capital may thus also mitigate the tightening of credit terms when firms experience shocks.
Relationship Between Microeconomic Characteristics and Leverage Among Companies Listed in East Africa Securities Exchanges

Leverage levels ought to be continuously monitored in any corporate since an uptake of huge amount of debts may trigger possibilities of financial distress especially if the debt is not serviced on time. There are costs associated with the amount of debt and if poorly constituted then there are chances of incurring huge financing costs. The current study was triggered on the need to understand whether profitability, firm size and asset structure have significant influence on leverage ratio among companies listed in East Africa. The study was informed by pecking order theory and Modigliani and Miller theory. The study adopted panel-correlation research design. A panel data set of 65 listed companies over the 2009-2013 period of analysis was analysed using panel data analysis methods. Results of the study showed profitability had a negative and significant influence on leverage while both firm size and asset structures had positive and significant influence on leverage. The study recommends that measures should be put in place to increase profit levels and increase listed company’s asset base. Business operations should be intensified and debt levels to be closely monitored to mitigate the possibilities of financial distress. Keywords: Leverage, Profitability, Firm Size and Asset structure.
Corporate branding’s influence on front-line employee and consumer value co-creation in UK household consumer markets

General managers are presented with an extensive opportunity to innovate and gain market advantage from front-line employees (FLEs) and consumers working together to exchange services and co-create value. To do this, general managers need to understand more about what influences the content and quality of FLE and consumer service exchanges? What predisposes FLEs to commit to service exchange and value co-creation? And what organizational phenomena can general managers use to influence this predisposition? This article presents results from an empirical research study of FLEs employed by a firm that provides installation, servicing and emergency services to domestic households across the United Kingdom. The study reveals the importance of the firm’s corporate brand in its influence upon FLE’s sense of membership and attachment to a firm (organizational identity) and the consequent effect of this on their predisposition for service exchange (organizational commitment), that is, whether FLEs want to remain in their role, because they feel they ought to, want to or they have too much to lose by leaving.
Malignant Transient Pleural Transudate: A Sign of Early Lymphatic Tumoral Obstruction

In the absence of a responsible comorbid condition, the transudative character of a pleural effusion in patients with malignancy does not imply a favorable outcome. We report a case of colon carcinoma metastatic to lung and pleura presenting as a bilateral transudative pleural effusion. Tumoral diffuse lymphatic permeation was identified as the cause of lymphatic obstruction on pleural and transbronchial biopsies. The transudative character of the pleural effusion was transient denoting its obstructive origin.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus: long-term outcome after shunt surgery

Background/objective: Little is known about the long-term clinical course and management of patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) treated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of 55 patients diagnosed with idiopathic NPH (INPH) and treated with CSF shunts, all of whom were followed for more than 3 years after the original shunt surgery. At each annual follow-up visit, the patient was assessed by Folstein Mini Mental State Examination, detailed clinical evaluation of gait and assessment of headache, cognition, gait or urination, as assessed by the patient and relatives. Results: The mean duration of follow-up was 5.9±2.5 years. There was an overall sustained improvement among all symptoms. Gait showed the highest maintenance of improvement over baseline (83% at 3 years and 87% at the last analysed follow-up of 7 years), cognition showed intermediary improvement (84% and 86%, respectively), and urinary incontinence showed the least improvement (84% and 80%, respectively). Fifty-three percent of patients required shunt revisions. Indications for revision included shunt malfunction (87%), infection (10%) and change of shunt configuration (3%). Overall, 74% revisions resulted in clinical improvement. Conclusions: Clinical improvement of patients with NPH can be sustained for 5–7 years in some patients with NPH, even if shunt revision surgery is needed multiple times. With earlier diagnosis and treatment of NPH and the increasing lifespan of the ageing population, the need for long-term follow-up after shunt surgery for NPH may be greater than it was in the past. Monitoring, identification and treatment of shunt obstruction is a key management principle.
A survey on the knowledge and attitudes of Dehloran health network personnel about food safety and health

Controlling and ensuring the safety of food plays an important role in preventing foodborne illness. The major objective of this descriptive cross-sectional study was determined the food safety knowledge and attitudes of Dehloran Health Network personnel using a self-completed questionnaire. This structured questionnaire contains personal information, knowledge, and attitude questions. A total of 100 personnel were selected using a census method. All data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software. The results of the study showed that 29% of the personnel had good knowledge, 47% had moderate knowledge, and 24% had poor knowledge about food safety. Personnel had a good attitude about food safety and health. There was no statistically significant difference across different staff in terms of knowledge (p-value = 0.166). Also, there was no statistically significant difference in knowledge and attitude level among different age groups (p-value = 0.51 and 0.21, respectively). The p-value for mean scores of knowledge and attitude in men and women were 0.038 and 0.84. According to the moderate level of participants’ knowledge, we encouraged personnel to create plans and procedures to enhance the level of their consciousness, offered a training workshop in this field, and personnel must be more educated, along with development of appropriate information and communication material.