Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brand play and brand attack by artists : Effects of non-collaborative co-creation on the observer’s brand equity

The paper explores how non-collaborative co-creation affects brand equity as perceived by observers in the market: observer-based brand equity (OBBE). A pilot study using real-life examples tests the general effect of such co-creation on OBBE. A laboratory experiment investigates how distinct forms of non-collaborative co-creation (brand play vs. brand attack) and different types of cocreator (consumer vs. artist) impact OBBE. It is shown that non-collaborative co-creation negatively impacts OBBE, also in the case of high equity brands. Furthermore, brand attack has a stronger negative impact than brand play. Artists either mitigate the negative effect or even positively affect OBBE. Hence, the paper is in line with previous work on positive effects of art (“art infusion effect”) on brands.
Undulatory swimming in shear-thinning fluids: Experiments with C. elegans

The swimming behaviour of microorganisms can be strongly influenced by the rheology of their fluid environment. In this manuscript, we experimentally investigate the effects of shear-thinning viscosity on the swimming behaviour of an undulatory swimmer, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Tracking methods are used to measure the swimmer's kinematic data (including propulsion speed) and velocity fields. We find that shear-thinning viscosity modifies the velocity fields produced by the swimming nematode but does not modify the nematode's speed and beating kinematics. Velocimetry data show significant enhancement in local vorticity and circulation and an increase in fluid velocity near the nematode's tail compared to Newtonian fluids of similar effective viscosity. These findings are compared to recent theoretical and numerical results.
Food and Feeding Habits and Length – Weight Relationship of Parachanna obscura from Federal University of Agriculture Reservoir , Abeokuta , Ogun State , Nigeria

Population increase, indiscriminate fishing, and others, threatening extinction of wild fish species is a major problems in Nigeria fishery. Hence, the food and feeding habits and quality of Parachanna obscura from Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta (FUNAAB) Reservoir were investigated between the months of March and August, 2015. Food materials in fish stomach were analyzed using standard methods, while length and weight were obtained using standard measures. A total of 11 food categories were observed in the stomach of fish sample during the study period 2%, 28%, 9%, 32%, and 29% were empty, one-quarter full, half full, three-quarter full and full, respectively. 8.33% and 5.71% vacuity was experienced in the months of July and August, respectively. Total lengths of P. obscura ranged from 12-27 cm with a mean of 17.62 ± 0.27 cm while the weights ranged from 43-198 g with a mean of 102.63 ± 4.32 g. The highest abundance of specimens were observed in August (35%) followed by July (24%) with the lowest observed in March (6%), April (8%), May (12%), and June (15%). Linear regression of the analyzed data resulted in length exponent ‘b’ of 2.45 while ‘a’ was −1.16 and r = 0.88. Approximately 78% of the variance in body weights can be explained by total lengths (r2 = 0.78). Condition factor ranged between 0.70 and 2.49 with a mean of 1.48 ± 0.51. The study confirms the carnivorous nature of P. obscura from this water. Also, findings will assist fisheries managers in making fisheries policy regarding appropriate time for fishing of the species.
' s personal copy Two tales on resale ☆

Article history: Received 21 March 2007 Received in revised form 16 February 2008 Accepted 22 February 2008 Available online 4 March 2008 In some markets vertically integrated firms sell directly to final customers but also to independent downstream firms with whom they then compete on the downstream market. It is often argued that resellers intensify competition and benefit consumers, in particular when wholesale prices are regulated. However, we show that (i) resale may increase prices and make consumers worse off and that (ii) standard “retail minus X regulation” may increase prices and harm consumers. Our analysis suggests that this is more likely if the number of integrated firms is small, the degree of product differentiation is low, and/or if competition is spatial. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification:
SEARCH FRICTIONS, FINANCIAL FRICTIONS AND LABOR MARKET FLUCTUATIONS IN EMERGING ECONOMIES

This paper examines the role of the extensive and intensive margins of work in the context of business cycles in emerging markets with a financial friction. The earlier literature analyzed the role of search frictions with only an extensive margin of work and showed that such a framework can address the distinguishable business-cycle characteristics of emerging markets such as highly volatile consumption, countercyclical net exports, highly volatile wages and pro-cyclical wages. One of our contributions is to show that in the presence of an endogenous hours choice, search frictions fail to predict not only these characteristics but also the positive co-movement of hours worked per worker and employment with output. This occurs due to the strong income effect on hours worked. On the other hand, introducing a financial friction, namely working capital, significantly increases the performance of the model and suggests frictions in both labor markets and financial markets are necessary for explaining emerging market business cycles.
The Impact of Executive Compensation and Pay Disparities on IPOs Mortality

Using a U.S. sample from 2000 to 2012, we find that, IPO firms with high compensated CEOs and pay disparities have lower failure rates and longer time to survive in subsequent periods following the offering. Particularly, a unit increase in total CEO compensation increases the average firm’s survival time by 14.7 months. The positive impact of total remuneration on IPO survival concentrates among firms with lower agency conflicts and with young CEOs who are also the founders, have high education prestige and special skills. Additionally, our results suggest that this effect is stronger among less powerful and less overconfident CEOs. Regarding the pay gap, our findings indicate that the positive association between pay disparities and survivorship is more pronounced in firms with older and non-founder CEOs who have general skills. JEL Classifications: G24; G30; G31; G32; J31; J33; L25
Accuracy Improvements in Particle Image Velocimetry Algorithms

An adaptive, second-order accurate particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique is presented. The technique uses two singly pulsed images which are interrogated using a modified cross correlation algorithm. Consequently, any of the equipment commonly available for conventional PIV (such as dual head Nd:YAG lasers, interline transfer CCD cameras, etc.) can be used with this more accurate algorithm. At the heart of the algorithm is a central difference approximation to the flow velocity (accurate to order ∆t) versus the forward difference approximation (accurate to order ∆t) common in PIV. In order to use the central difference approximation, an adaptive interrogation region shifting algorithm must be used. Adaptive shifting algorithms have been gaining popularity in recent years because they allow the spatial resolution of the PIV technique to be maximized. Adaptive shifting algorithms also have the virtue of helping to eliminate velocity bias errors. Consequently, since in many cases an image shifting algorithm would be used anyway, the second order accuracy of the central difference approximation can be had for very little additional cost. The adaptive central difference interrogation (CDI) algorithm has two main advantages over adaptive forward difference interrogation (FDI) algorithms : it is more accurate, especially at larger time delays between exposures; and can maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the velocity measurements. The technique is shown to perform better than conventional PIV algorithms when measuring near flow boundaries and in areas of low signal-to-noise ratio by comparing measurements of flow around a single red blood cell. Also, the technique is shown to be significantly more accurate than conventional PIV algorithms as the time delay between exposures is increased by interrogating cylindrical Couette flow images acquired both experimentally as well as computationally. The results of the interrogations are shown to agree quite well with analytical predictions and confirm that the CDI algorithm is indeed second order accurate while the conventional FDI algorithm is only first order accurate.
Novelty Detection in Convolutional Neural Networks Using Density Forests

Uncertainty in deep learning has recently received a lot of attention in research. While stateof-the-art neural networks have managed to break many benchmarks in terms of accuracy, it has been shown that by applying minor perturbations to the input data, they are susceptible to fooling, yielding unreasonably high confidence scores while being wrong. While some research has gone into the design of new architectures that are probabilistic in nature, such as Bayesian Neural Networks, other researchers have tried to model uncertainty of standard architectures heuristically. This work presents a novel method to assess uncertainty in Convolutional Neural Networks, based on fitting a forests of randomized Decision Trees to the network activations before the final classification layer. Experimental results are provided for patch classification on the MNIST dataset and for semantic segmentation on satellite imagery used for land cover classification. The land cover dataset consists of overhead imagery of the city of Zurich in Switzerland taken in 2002, with corresponding manually annotated ground truth. The Density Forest confidence estimation method is compared to a number of baselines based on softmax activations and pre-softmax activations. All methods are evaluated with respect to novelty detection. The study shows that using pre-softmax activations of the Fully Connected layer provides a better overall confidence estimate than just using the softmax activations. For the MNIST dataset, softmax measures outperform pre-softmax based novelty detection measures, while in the Zurich dataset, pre-softmax based methods not only show better performance in detecting the left-out class, but they also manage to identify particular objects for which no class exists in the ground truth. Among the main explanations for the varying performance of pre-softmax measures, we find the curse of dimensionality when working with high-dimensional activation vectors and class separability issues due to partially trained networks. Future research should go into studying the influence of the activation vector dimensionality on novelty detection methods, applying them to more diverse datasets and evaluating different novelty detection measures in practical applications, such as Active Learning.
Once-daily milking during a feed deficit improves energy status in early lactating dairy cows

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of once-daily (1X) milking during a feed deficit on energy status of grazing dairy cows. Multiparous cows (n = 120), grazing to residuals of 1,600 kg DM/ha, and milked twice-daily (2X) from calving until approximately 35 days-in-milk, were allocated to one of four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Cows were adequately fed (14 kg DM/cow/d) or underfed (8 kg DM/cow/d) and milked 2X or 1X for three weeks, after which all cows were milked 2X and grazed to residuals of 1,600 kg DM/ha for 20 weeks. During the three-week treatment period, plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were less in underfed compared with adequately cows, while non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and liver enzymes were greater. An interaction existed and the increase in liver enzymes with underfeeding only occurred in cows milked 1X. Cows milked 1X had greater plasma glucose, insulin and IGF-I and less NEFA and BHBA than those milked 2X. Data indicate that milking cows 1X during an acute feed deficit improves energy status.
Validation of a bio-economic dairy production model

DairyMax is an internet-based bio-economic dairy production model that uses a deterministic cow model to establish response curves of milksolids (MS; fat plus protein) production to energy intake at different stages of lactation and nutrient requirements for different levels of production. Another component in DairyMax is a linear programming module that uses farm-related constraints, market prices for supplements, cost of pasture and silage production and cow-related constraints to optimise a feeding strategy based on a maximum profit algorithm. The objective of this study was to validate the cow model of DairyMax against published field work conducted in New Zealand. In DairyMax, the stocking rate was adjusted to get the same MS production as in the experiment. The dry matter intake (DMI) associated with the different production levels were compared assuming energy content of 11.2 MJ ME/kg dry matter, similar to that reported in a three-year field experiment. The ability of the model was satisfactory in predicting yearly DMI per cow (Concordance correlation coefficient = 0.98). Productive performance, DMI and feed conversion efficiency (ratio between DMI and MS) of dairy cows under different stocking policies can be predicted by DairyMax with satisfactory accuracy.
Automatic 2-D and 3-D noise filtering for high-quality television receivers

Television receivers are often used in places with sub-optimal reception conditions. Consequently, a noise reduction filter in the receiver provides an attractive feature. The paper describes two concepts for noise filtering, a high quality 3-D concept and an economy 2-D concept and introduces a novel method for noise level estimation. This noise estimation algorithm allows optimal filtering at varying reception conditions. A subjective evaluation of the two concepts is included, showing that improvements in the range from 3dB, for the 2-D concept, up to 6dB, for the 3-D noise filter, can be realised. The presently used motion adaptive first-order temporal recursive low-pass filter is included in the test to provide a reference.
Feature Extraction and Support-Vector Classification of FLIR Imagery

Algorithms are considered for classifying vehicles based on forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagery. The image features are designed to focus on target subregions, with these ideally characterized by distinct thermal properties. In one implementation the subregions are determined manually, and in the second we utilize an independentcomponents analysis (ICA). The features are processed via a support vector machine (SVM), with two distinct approaches used to convert the binary SVM classifier into the multi-target classifier of interest. The algorithms are examined using measured FLIR imagery.
Exploring the perceptions held by primary teacher trainees regarding the value of peer mentoring

This small scale study investigated how much value undergraduate primary trainee teachers perceive there to be within a programme of peer mentoring. As this was a small scale study gathering qualitative data, the findings do not represent a general consensus and may be situational to this setting. The literature suggests that there are a wide range of benefits to using peer mentoring, such as a reduction in withdrawal rates, more successful transition into higher education and higher academic outcomes; but it is important to note that the majority of this research has been undertaken within a business setting. However, those studies undertaken within the higher education context, seem to support the findings of the earlier literature. Questionnaires and interviews were used to gather data from a sample of year 1 and year 3 undergraduates. The following themes emerged from the data: transition to university remains a concern; students can identify possible benefits and pitfalls of peer mentoring, but lacked clarify about the best way to instigate a programme; male trainees respond to this concept differently from their female peers. Due to the nature of the research, subsequent studies should be done to explore the possible implications of these themes further.
Detection of Genetic Diversity through Two Poultry Breeds by using RAPD-PCR Technique

Random amplified polymorphic (RAPD) has been used to study phylogenetic relationship among two breeds of chicken like Aseel and Brahma breeds. Particular results for each breed were obtained by these methods. RAPD-PCR of 30 samples of these chicken breeds amplified with 6 primers. The six primers were used to amplify the bands of Aseel breed and Brahma breed respectively. According to this study, a total bands amplified were 24, about 66.9% of these amplified primers (17 bands) were polymorphic within Aseel breed, while a total bands amplified were 28, about 70.95% of these amplified primers (20 bands) were polymorphic within Brahma breed. Therefore, this study explains the utility of DNA testing (RAPD-PCR) in detection of genetic diversity through two poultry breeds.
Resisting the Opportunity for Change

This article explores congressional campaigning on the web in 2016. What impact did the unique nature of the 2016 election have on those involved with the creation and maintenance of congressional campaign websites? Did it cause them to alter their approach to online campaigning? Using data from a survey of campaign insiders, we find that the factors that influence how congressional campaigns view and use their websites were largely impervious to the unique electoral environment. Results show that, consistent with previous election years, campaigns maintained a fairly uniform view of likely visitors and target audiences, and they tended to see their campaign websites as digital hubs, best used for capturing the campaign’s overall message. We also find that, as in other years, nonincumbents continued to use their websites to campaign more aggressively than incumbents. Overall, the results suggest that congressional campaigning on the web is primarily driven by stable factors that transcend technological advancements and shifts in the political environment.
Controlling the Specificity of Clarification Question Generation

Unlike comprehension-style questions, clarification questions look for some missing information in a given context. However, without guidance, neural models for question generation, similar to dialog generation models, lead to generic and bland questions that cannot elicit useful information. We argue that controlling the level of specificity of the generated questions can have useful applications and propose a neural clarification question generation model for the same. We first train a classifier that annotates a clarification question with its level of specificity (generic or specific) to the given context. Our results on the Amazon questions dataset demonstrate that training a clarification question generation model on specificity annotated data can generate questions with varied levels of specificity to the given context.
Taxol synthesis

1Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China. 2State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Morgan-Tan International Center for Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
Automated Essay Scoring with Discourse-Aware Neural Models

Automated essay scoring systems typically rely on hand-crafted features to predict essay quality, but such systems are limited by the cost of feature engineering. Neural networks offer an alternative to feature engineering, but they typically require more annotated data. This paper explores network structures, contextualized embeddings and pre-training strategies aimed at capturing discourse characteristics of essays. Experiments on three essay scoring tasks show benefits from all three strategies in different combinations, with simpler architectures being more effective when less training data is available.
Labor in the Boardroom

We estimate the wage effects of shared governance, or codetermination, in the form of a mandate of one-third of corporate board seats going to worker representatives. We study a reform in Germany that abruptly abolished this mandate for stock corporations incorporated after August 1994, while it locked the mandate for the slightly older cohorts. Our research design compares firm cohorts incorporated before the reform and after; in a robustness check we draw on the analogous difference in unaffected firm types (LLCs). We find no effects of board-level codetermination on wages and the wage structure, even in firms with particularly flexible wages. The degree of rent sharing and the labor share are also unaffected. We reject that disinvestment could have offset wage effects through the canonical hold-up channel, as shared governance, if anything, increases capital formation.
Nitrogen stable isotope dynamics in the central Baltic Sea:influence of deep-water renewal on the N-cycle changes

The vertical profiles of NO,-, NH,'. 02, and HIS as well as the isotopic composition of particulate nitrogen and NH,' were sampled yearly over a 5 yr period in the Gotland Basin to follow biochemical changes in N-cycling resulting from an inflow of saltwater. The water column has a pronounced interface at 80 to 120 m depth which separates warm (13°C) brackish surface waters (salinity 7 psu) and the underlying cold winter water layer from more saline (9 to 11 psu) bottom waters originating from irregularly occurring inflow events of oxygenated, nitrate-rich North Sea water masses. Anoxic conditions usually exist in the deep stagnant waters, where nutrients only occur as ammonia. which reaches concentrations of up to 30 1.lmol I-' In spring 1993 large amounts of nitrateand oxygenrich water were transported into the deep waters of the Gotland Basin, thus displacing the stagnant deep water body Vdith the inflow, oxygen and nitrate concentrations rose by 3 m1 I ' and more than 10 pm01 I' respectively. During the following years the concentrations of oxygen in the near bottom layer decreased again. The isotope signature of the suspended particles in the layer below 120 m reflects these changes. In 1993 the mean stable nitrogen isotope value in the anoxic water was at 1.1 %o. We assume bacteridl incorporation of ammonia to be the mechan~sm producing isotopically light particles. A fractionation factor calculated for ammonia uptake of 11 "6, supports this hypothesis. During the following years the particles in the oxygenated water column were around 8'% which is charactenstic for m~crobially degraded material. The surface sediment of the central Gotland Sea has a low isotope signal of 3 to 4''tx1. These findings might have consequences for the ~nterpretation of sediment 615N data where low isotope contents are usually taken as an indicator of high nutrient concentrations in surface waters.