Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the specific identity of specimens of Phytoseiulus longipes Evans (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) showing different feeding behaviours: morphological and molecular analyses

Abstract This paper focuses on the differentiation of specimens, identified as Phytoseiulus longipes, collected in four countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile and South Africa. Two of these populations are known to feed and develop on Tetranychus evansi, whereas the two others do not. As morphologically similar specimens can sometimes belong to different species and because differences in predatory behaviours exist among the four populations considered, we tested for the presence of cryptic species. Morphological and molecular experiments (12S rDNA) were carried out. The four studied populations of P. longipes could be morphologically differentiated thanks to a combination of characters. However, these morphological differences are very small. The two populations that feed and develop on T. evansi (from Argentina and Brazil) are morphologically closer to each other than to the two other populations. Genetic distances among the four populations of P. longipes were very low, suggesting that despite their different feeding habits, all specimens belong to the same species. However, the populations associated with T. evansi showed some genetic differentiation from those that do not use this pest. This is the first time that this type of differentiation has been reported for the family Phytoseiidae. These results are of primary importance to ensure the success of biological control programs and to develop strains adapted to both crops and prey species.
Radiographic evaluation of marginal bone levels during healing period, adjacent to parallel-screw cylinder implants inserted in the posterior zone of the jaws, placed with flapless surgery.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare changes at the marginal bone level adjacent to implants placed with flapless surgery and flap surgery during a stress-free healing period. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seven hundred and eighty-five implants were placed in 417 patients with a flapless approach and 459 implants were placed in 227 patients using flap techniques. The marginal bone level was determined radiographically, using digitized panoramic radiographs, at two time points: at implant placement (baseline) and after the healing period. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 0.5 years (SD, 1.2; range: 0.3-0.7). Implants placed with flapless surgery had a mean crestal bone loss of 0.5 mm (SD, 0.5; range: -0.7-2.4) and implants placed with flap surgery had a mean bone loss of 0.5 mm (SD, 0.7; range: -2.0-3.0) after healing. Differences in bone level changes between smokers and non-smokers were statistically significant for the flapless group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS A radiographic evaluation of marginal bone levels adjacent to implants showed comparable results for implants placed with flapless surgery and flap surgery. Appropriate case selection after virtual planning of the implant position and a sound surgical protocol is necessary for flapless surgery. Smoking habits may compromise the efficacy of flapless implant procedures.
Classifications of clinical depression detection using acoustic measures in Malay speakers

Objective screening mechanism using paralinguistic cues to enhance current diagnostic on detecting depression is desirable, which resulted in the rise of research on this area. However, to date, there has been no research done using dataset of Malay speakers. This paper presented an acoustic depression detection classification using Linear and Quadratic Discriminant analysis with transition parameters and power spectral density as the acoustic features. Among the two features, power spectral density performed better, especially with the combination of band 1, 2 and 3 for both male and female data. As for the Transition parameters, we found that unvoiced feature performed best overall for both male and female.
Accuracy assessment of the axial images obtained from cone beam computed tomography.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate accuracy of linear measurements assessed from axial tomograms and the influence of the use of different protocols in two cone beam CT (CBCT) units. METHODS A cylinder object consisting of Nylon® (Day Brazil, Sao Paulo, Brazil) with radiopaque markers was radiographically examined applying different protocols from NewTom 3G(TM) (Quantitative Radiology s.r.l, Verona, Veneto, Italy) and i-CAT(TM) (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA) units. Horizontal (A-B) and vertical (C-D) distances were assessed from axial tomograms and measured using a digital calliper that provided the gold standard for actual values. RESULTS There were differences when considering acquisition protocols to each CBCT unit. Concerning all analysed protocols from i-CAT(TM) and Newtom 3G(TM), both A-B and C-D distances presented underestimated values. Measurements of the axial images obtained from NewTom 3G(TM) (6 inch 0.16 mm and 9 inch 0.25 mm) were similar to the ones obtained from i-CAT(TM) (13 cm 20 s 0.3 mm, 13 cm 20 s 0.4 mm and 13 cm 40 s 0.25 mm). CONCLUSION The use of different protocols from CBCT machines influences linear measurements assessed from axial images. Linear distances were underestimated in both equipments. Our findings suggest that the best protocol for the i-CAT(TM) is 13 cm 20 s 0.3 mm and for the NewTom 3G(TM), the use of 6 inch or 9 inch is recommended.
Enrollment Choices in Different Types of HMOs: A Multivariate Analysis

Enrollment decisions of a sample of an employed population choosing among open-panel and closed-panel HMOs and Blue Cross/Blue Shield are analyzed. This report, unlike previous ones, overcomes some of the difficulties of bivariate analysis by the use of the multivariate logistic probability model, logit. The results show that there are four consistent predictors of enrollment choice: previous source of care as the measure of access; family life stage and chronic conditions per family member as indicators of health risk; per capita income as the measure of economic vulnerability; and health concern. Having a private physician as the source of care is the best single predictor, its absence predicting a higher probability of enrollment in the closed, and its presence in the openpanel HMO. Higher risk life stage families, younger and with more children, are more likely to join the open-panel plan than the closed or retain BC/BS; higher incomes and larger numbers of chronic conditions appear to have the same effects. Higher levels of health concern, on the other hand, predict a greater probability of choosing the closed-panel plan. The probability of enrollment in any HMO is predicted with more than 50 per cent accuracy for 60 per cent of the sample. Choice between open and closed-panel plans is predicted with an accuracy in excess of 50 per cent for 80 per cent, and with an accuracy greater than 90 per cent for over 10 per cent of potential enrollees. The applicability of this approach to HMO feasibility analysis and planning is clearly indicated.
Comparative Studies on Intermediary Metabolism and Hormonal Counterregulation Following Human Insulin (recombinant DNA) and Purified Pork Insulin in Man

Human insulin (recombinant DNA) and purified pork insulin (PPI) were administered intravenously at a dosage of 0.075 U/kg in eight healthy men. Both insulins exerted the same hypoglycemic effect with the same restoration pattern to normal glucose levels at the end of the test. Differences were found with respect to a stronger antilipolytic and antiketogenic effect of human insulin; also the reactive rise of both compounds at the end of the test is less under human insulin in comparison with PPI. In spite of the same glucose nadir, the pattern of hormonal counterregulation is different under human insulin in comparison with PPI. There was less epinephrine and glucagon and practically no prolactin secretion following human insulin. Growth hormone secretion is augmented under human insulin. The clinical significance of these results under long-term treatment with human insulin has to be assessed.
Alternating hemiplegia of childhood: a syndrome inherited with an autosomal dominant trait

Alternating hemiplegia of childhood is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of hemiplegia affecting either side of the body, oculomotor and autonomic disturbances, movement disorders, and progressive cognitive impairment. We report on one family with autosomal dominant alternating hemiplegia. The disorder was first recognized in a 9‐year‐old child, the third son of the family, who presented with learning disability,* tonic‐clonic seizures, dystonic attacks, and episodes of alternating hemiplegia starting at the age of 21/2 years. His mother and three brothers had similar symptoms. The maternal uncle, who has learning disability, had experienced multiple dystonic attacks. Tests performed on the family, including computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance angiography of the brain as well as metabolic evaluation, were normal. Cytogenetic analysis was normal and mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed no deletions or mutations in the four affected family members and the grandmother. An autosomal dominant mode of inheritance is suggested by the fact that both sexes are affected in two generations.
3,4‐Diaminopyridine is more effective than placebo in a randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over drug study in LEMS

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and electrophysiological efficacy of 3,4‐diaminopyridine (DAP) in patients with Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) in a randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over drug trial. The diagnosis of LEMS was made based on the combination of fluctuating muscle weakness, diminished or absent reflexes, and more than 60% increment of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude after brief exercise or 50‐HZ stimulation on a repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) test. Evaluations were done at baseline, with placebo, and with 3,4‐DAP (up to 75–80 mg/day). Assignment of placebo or 3,4‐DAP was done in a double‐blinded manner. Measurements included subjective symptoms score, objective clinical measurements [LEMS classification, muscle strength score, quantitative myasthenia gravis (QMG) score] and RNS test and single‐fiber electromyography (SFEMG). The differences between placebo and baseline values (placebo change) were compared with the differences between 3,4‐DAP and baseline or placebo values (DAP change). Seven patients with LEMS (QMG score >9) participated in the study. One patient had major side‐effects with 3,4‐DAP and withdrew from the study. Statistically significant efficacy was noted with DAP change (N = 13) compared with placebo change (N = 7) according to the subjective symptoms score (P = 0.01), LEMS classification (P < 0.001), muscle strength score (P < 0.006), QMG score (P = 0.02), and CMAP (P = 0.03). For long‐term treatment, 2 patients preferred 3,4‐DAP, 1 chose guanidine hydrochloride, 1 preferred pyridostigmine, and 2 chose no treatment. A randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over drug trial of 3,4‐DAP showed significant efficacy over placebo in patients with LEMS. As a long‐term treatment, however, not all patients preferred this drug. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Phosphorus Geochemistry in the Sediment‐Water Column of a Hypereutrophic Lake

The role of sediment biogeochemistry on diffusive flux of inorganic P was examined under laboratory conditions using intact sediment cores obtained from a subtropical hypereutrophic lake. The effect of light and dark conditions in the water column on soluble P flux from sediments was measured over a period of 1 yr. Soluble reactive P (SRP) level in the overlying water column was low ( 9.5. This was attributed to two processes: (i) P desorption from Fe oxides and hydroxides due to exchange with OH-, and (ii) precipitation of P as hydroxyapatite. Phosphorus release from sediments was also shown to be highly correlated to the concentration gradient of P in the interstitial waters (Kamp-Nielsen, 1974) and to temperature (Holdren and Armstrong, 1980). Sequential chemical extraction procedures have been widely used to characterize sediment P. Chang and Jackson (1957) tirst developed a P-fractionation scheme for soils. Williams et al. (1971) modified the procedure so that it ~liscriminated Feand Al-bound P from that associated with Ca; however, their fractionation scheme included the use of CDB, which also extracts about one-third of the P from C phosphate minerals such as apatite (Hieltjes and Lijklema, 1980). Modifications of this procedure by Hieltjes and Lijklema (1980) and by Van Eck (1982) suggested using NH4C1 for loosely bound P, NaOH for Feand A1bound P, and HC1 tbr Ca-bound P. Bostrom et al. (1982) reported that fi~w papers are available that combine studies on fractional distribution of P with studies on associated P release from sediments. Solubility measur,~ments provide an alternative method for characterizing the stability of P minerals in lake sediments. In Fe-dominated systems that are oxidized, ferrosoferric hydroxyphosphates have been reported to be the most stable minerals (Nriagu and Dell, 1974), whereas vivianite is the dominant phase under reduced conditions (Nriagu and Dell, 1974; Emerson and Widmer, 1978). Golterman (1982) dicated that apatite equilibrium may also influence P concentrations in calcareous lakes. However, apatite formation may be hindered by the presence of Mg (Martens and Harris,;, 1970), carbonate (Stumm Leckie, 1970) and organic acids (Inskeep and Silvertooth, 1988), or by the absence of calcite surfaces or seed crystals (Griffin and Jurinak, 1973, 1974). Lake Apopka, located in central Florida, is a shallow lake (mean water depth of 2 m) that is currently hypereutrophic as a result of nutrient loadings from external (agricultural d:rainage from adjacent vegetable farms and runoff from nearby citrus groves) and internal (sediment) sources (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1979a). Heavy N and P loadings from
Age Is Associated with Reduced Sharp-Wave Ripple Frequency and Altered Patterns of Neuronal Variability

Spatial and episodic memory performance declines with age, and the neural basis for this decline is not well understood. Sharp-wave ripples are brief (∼70 ms) high-frequency oscillatory events generated in the hippocampus and are associated with the consolidation of spatial memories. Given the connection between ripple oscillations and memory consolidation, we investigated whether the structure of ripple oscillations and ripple-triggered patterns of single-unit activity are altered in aged rats. Local field and single-unit activity surrounding sharp-wave ripple events were examined in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of old (n = 5) and young (n = 6) F344 rats during periods of rest preceding and following performance on a place-dependent eyeblink-conditioning task. Neural responses in aged rats differed from responses in young rats in several ways. First, compared with young rats, the rate of ripple occurrence (ripple density) is reduced in aged rats during postbehavior rest. Second, mean ripple frequency during prebehavior and postbehavior rest is lower in aged animals (aged: 132 Hz; young: 146 Hz). Third, single neurons in aged animals responded more consistently from ripple to ripple. Fourth, variability in interspike intervals was greater in aged rats. Finally, neurons were tuned to a narrower range of phases of the ripple oscillation relative to young animals. Together, these results suggest that the CA1 network in aged animals has a reduced “vocabulary” of available representational states. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The hippocampus is a structure that is critical for the formation of episodic memories. Sharp-wave ripple events generated in the hippocampus have been implicated in memory consolidation processes critical to memory stabilization. We examine here whether these ripple oscillations are altered over the course of the life span, which could contribute to hippocampus-dependent memory deficits that occur during aging. This experiment used young and aged memory-impaired rats to examine age-related changes in ripple architecture, ripple-triggered spike variance, and spike-phase coherence. We found that there are, indeed, significant changes in characteristics of ripples in older animals that could impact consolidation processes and memory stabilization in the aged brain.
Inhibition of sarcoplasmic reticular function by chronic interleukin‐6 exposure via iNOS in adult ventricular myocytes

Interleukin (IL)‐6 has been shown to decrease cardiac contractility via a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)‐dependent pathway during acute exposure. We previously reported that IL‐6 decreases contractility and increases inducible NOS (iNOS) in adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVM) after 2 h exposure. The goal of this study was to investigate the cellular mechanism underlying this chronic IL‐6‐induced negative inotropy and the role of iNOS. Pretreatment for 2 h with 10 ng ml−1 IL‐6 decreased the kinetics of cell shortening (CS) and contractile responsiveness to Ca2+o ([Ca2+]o from 0 to 2 mm) in ARVM. We first examined whether IL‐6 reduced Ca2+ influx via L‐type Ca2+‐channel current (ICa,L). Whole‐cell ICa,L in ARVM was measured under conditions similar to those used for CS measurements, and it was found to be unaltered by IL‐6. The sarcoplasmic reticular (SR) function was then assessed by examining postrest potentiation (PRP) and caffeine responsiveness of CS. Results showed that treatment with IL‐6 for 2 h significantly decreased PRP, which was concomitant with a decrease in the phosphorylation of phospholamban. Following removal of IL‐6, PRP and responsiveness to 10 mm caffeine were also reduced. Meanwhile, the IL‐6‐induced increase in nitric oxide (NO) production after 2 h (but not 1 h) was abolished by NG‐monomethyl‐l‐arginine (l‐NMMA) and 2‐amino‐5,6‐dihydro‐6‐methyl‐4H‐1,3‐thiazine (AMT; a selective inhibitor of iNOS). Furthermore, IL‐6‐elicited suppressions of PRP and responsiveness to caffeine and Ca2+o were abolished by L‐NMMA and AMT. Thus, these results suggest that activation of iNOS mediates IL‐6‐induced inhibition of SR function in ARVM during chronic exposure.
Exploring teachers' interpretations of feedback in primary literacy classroom settings

Page 2 Acknowledgements . 3 Table of contents . 4 List of tables . 8 List of figures . 8 List of appendices . 8 Chapter 1 General Overview. 9 Chapter 2 Literature Review . 16 2.
Links between Dietary Protein Sources, the Gut Microbiota, and Obesity

The association between the gut microbiota and obesity is well documented in both humans and in animal models. It is also demonstrated that dietary factors can change the gut microbiota composition and obesity development. However, knowledge of how diet, metabolism and gut microbiota mutually interact and modulate energy metabolism and obesity development is still limited. Epidemiological studies indicate an association between intake of certain dietary protein sources and obesity. Animal studies confirm that different protein sources vary in their ability to either prevent or induce obesity. Different sources of protein such as beans, vegetables, dairy, seafood, and meat differ in amino acid composition. Further, the type and level of other factors, such as fatty acids and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) vary between dietary protein sources. All these factors can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota and may thereby influence their obesogenic properties. This review summarizes evidence of how different protein sources affect energy efficiency, obesity development, and the gut microbiota, linking protein-dependent changes in the gut microbiota with obesity.
Standin' tall: (De) criminalization and acts of resistance among boys of color in an elementary after school STEM program

The United States current incarcerates more citizens than any other country in history, by disproportionately targeting men and boys of color through mechanisms such as the school to prison pipeline. In better understanding the processes that fuel the school to prison pipeline such as criminalizing practices and the ways boys of color resist them, we can begin to identify teaching practices and perspectives which work to disrupt those processes. Examining criminalization and acts of resistance in STEM education is particularly salient because of the high social and economic status STEM knowledge bears in dominant U.S. culture, and the ways access to STEM learning functions as gateways in our education system. Through a longitudinal study in a multi-site elementary after-school STEM program, I examined what criminalization and acts of resistance look like, the ways they interact, and how staff in the program work to disrupt those cycles. I found that criminalization and acts of resistance are normal and ordinary occurrences, frequently interacting in response to each other in escalating patterns. I also found that staff engaged in multiple categories of decriminalizing practices based on highly respectful interactions and viewing boys of color as brilliant students who engage in acts of resistance as a healthy response to oppressive measures.
Compensatory nutrition-directed mammary cell proliferation and lactation in rats

The proper use of a time-dependent and controlled nutrition regimen during the hormone-sensitive growth phase before first parturition can significantly affect mammary growth and subsequent lactation performance. The objective of the present study was to determine if a compensatory nutrition regimen improves lactation performance by affecting proliferation and apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells. Forty female rats (7 weeks of age, average weight 148 g) were assigned to either (1) control, free access to diet or (2) stair-step compensatory nutrition regimen, an alternating 3–4-week schedule beginning with an energy-restricted diet (31·2% restriction) for 3 weeks, followed by the control diet for 4 weeks. Estimated milk yield was greater (P <0·05) on day 15 of lactation in the compensatory nutrition group than in the control group. Mammary cell proliferation values were 1·4- and 2·7-fold greater in mammary tissue from the compensatory group during pregnant and early lactating stages respectively, compared with those from the control group. Ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17)mRNA was 24% higher (P <0·05) in mammary tissues of rats from the compensatory nutrition group during pregnancy than in those from the control group. These results indicate that the compensatory nutrition regimen imposed during the peripubertal growth phase stimulated mammary epithelial cell proliferation and improved lactation performance.