Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of AGN feedback and its impact on galaxies

Abstract Feedback released during the growth of supermassive black holes is expected to play a key role in shaping black hole-host galaxy co-evolution. Powerful, accretion disc driven winds have been invoked to explain both observed scaling relations (e.g., M − σ) and large-scale outflows with mass outflow rates of ~ 100 − 1000 M⊙ yr−1 and momentum rates of up to ~ 30 LAGN/c. Critically, how these winds couple to the host galaxy depends on if they are momentum or energy conserving. I outline observational signatures that could distinguish between these regimes and discuss their roles in establishing galaxy properties. Furthermore, I discuss high-resolution simulations exploring feedback in a multi-phase medium, highlighting how structural properties of galaxies can impact feedback efficiency. Finally, feedback, in the form of collimated jets, is expected to regulate cooling in galaxy clusters. I discuss new simulations of jet feedback using the moving-mesh code AREPO and outline the scope of our new study.
The Impact of Teachers Financial Compensation on their JobSatisfaction at Higher Secondary Level

This study was used to find the impact of teachers’ financial compensation on their job satisfaction at higher secondary level in both public and private sectors of Islamabad. All the teachers of Higher Secondary level from private and public sector of Islamabad were randomly taken as sample. Total 30 teachers were conveniently taken as sample. A survey design was selected to be used in this study. The questionnaire which was used in this study consisted of three parts. The first part of questionnaire was about the demographic factors. The second part was about compensation practices which include 12 questions that were used to determine the direct and indirect financial compensation of the teachers at higher secondary level in Islamabad while third part covered the teachers’ job satisfaction. The measurement of variables such as variety, autonomy, task identity and feedback which were collectively used to determine teachers’ job satisfaction. The major findings of this study were that mostly higher secondary schools have fixed pay system while few have variable pay system. Teachers’ salary does not link with their productivity while teachers agree that the attraction and retention of employee depend on the compensation. When teachers feel opportunities for recognition; decision power about their work; planning of task; their contribution to productivity; and especially when teachers receive helpful suggestion and guidance from their supervisor then they will be more satisfied. Similarly, the compensation practices and job satisfaction are highly correlated with each other but compensation practice in itself has no significant impact on the job satisfaction. Male and female teacher have no significant difference as well as there is no significant difference between public and private teachers who have different qualification and age groups in higher secondary of Islamabad while teachers who have different teaching experiences have significant difference towards job satisfaction.
Migration as a Window into the Coevolution between Language and Behavior

Understanding the causes and consequences of language evolution in relation to social factors is challenging as we generally lack a clear picture of how languages coevolve with historical social processes. Research analyzing the relation between language and socio-economic factors relies on contemporaneous data. Because of this, such analysis may be plagued by spurious correlation concerns coming from the historical co-evolution and dependency of the relationship between language and behavior to the institutional environment. To solve this problem, we propose migrations to the same country as a microevolutionary step that may uncover constraints on behavior. We detail strategies available to other researchers by applying the epidemiological approach to study the correlation between sex-based gender distinctions and female labor force participation. Our main finding is that language must have evolved partly as a result of cultural change, but also that it may have directly constrained the evolution of norms. We conclude by discussing implications for the coevolution of language and behavior, and by comparing different methodological approaches.
Influence of Feeding System on Lipids and Proteins Oxidation, and Antioxidant Enzymes Activities of Meat from Aberdeen Angus Steers

Three feeding system were investigated to determine if any of them is more suitable to ensure a better antioxidant protection to meat. Animals were produced on pasture, pasture supplemented with corn grain, or feedlot. TBARS, protein carbonyls and antioxidant enzyme activities have been determined in fresh ad aged meat from Biceps femoris of Aberdeen Angus steers. No feeding system showed clear protection against lipids and protein oxidation in fresh meat. However, aged meat suffer always lipids and protein oxidation independently of the feeding system. There is not a clear pattern of the action of the catalase antioxidant enzyme (no significant main effect). However, pasture based feeding system present a lower SOD (0.96 UI) and GPx (9.22 nmoles/min/mg protein) activity, versus feedlot (1.12 UI and 11.48 nmoles/min/mg protein, respectively). Based on the results of the present investigation, it seems difficult to conclude about the best feeding system advised to minimize the lipids and protein oxidation of meat.
Intracellular reactive oxygen species production and phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by milk neutrophils as tool to diagnose mastitis and identify susceptible dairy cows

RESUMO. [Produção intracelular de espécies reativas de oxigênio e fagocitose de Staphylococcus aureus por neutrófilos lácteos como ferramentas para o diagnóstico da mastite e identificação de vacas leiteiras susceptíveis à mastite. ] A resposta imune da glândula mamária desempenha um papel importante ao determinar o estabelecimento da ABSTRACT.Molinari P.C. C. , Blagitz M.G. , Della Libera A.M.M.P, Batista C.F. & Souza F.N. 2018. Intracellular reactive oxygen species production and phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by milk neutrophils as tool to diagnose mastitis and identify susceptible dairy cows. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38(4):659-664. Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: paula.molinari@icloud.com The immune response capacity of the mammary gland plays a major role to determine if mastitis will or not be established. Thus, we hypothesize that a better understanding of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte (PMN) function will elucidate mechanisms that will improve our knowledge of how we could avoid an inflammatory process by increasing the immune capacity of the cow, and even further, to search for a tool to diagnose mastitis or a possible way to select and identify non-susceptible animals. The present study utilized 112 quarters from 28 Holstein dairy cows that were divided into quarters milk samples with somatic cell count (SCC) <2×105 cells mL-1 (n=72) and SCC >2×105 cells mL-1 (n=40). The percentages of milk PMNs and the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by milk neutrophils were evaluated by flow cytometry. Our results showed a higher percentage of neutrophils in quarter milk samples with high SCC (P=0.0003), and this group also had a significantly higher percentage of neutrophils that produced ROS (P=0.008). On the other hand, the phagocytosis intensity of S. aureus by milk neutrophils was higher in quarters with low SCC (P=0.003), suggesting a better mammary gland immunity against invading pathogens. Analyzing the results of the predictive values of the measured PMN functions, they cannot be used isolated as a good diagnosis test since none of them had a satisfactory sensitivity and specificity values, which was also confirmed by the Youden index values being far from one. In conclusion, the assessment of milk bovine neutrophil functions could improve our understanding of the cellular basis of mastitis. Although, the intracellular ROS production and S. aureus phagocytosis by milk neutrophil did not have high predictive values to detect intramammary infections, our results strengthen the idea that that poor bovine mammary gland neutrophil phagocytic ability may be associated with high SCC, and might be considered to identify susceptible dairy cows to mastitis.
Muggeridge, David J. and Sculthorpe, Nicholas and Grace, Fergal M. and Willis, Gareth and Thornhill, Laurence and Weller, Richard B. and James, Philip E. and Easton, Chris (2015) Acute whole body UVA irradiation

Dietary nitrate supplementation has been shown to increase nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, reduce blood pressure (BP) and enhance exercise performance. Acute exposure to ultraviolet (UV)-A light also increases NO bioavailability and reduces BP. We conducted a randomized, counterbalanced placebo-controlled trial to determine the effects of UV-A light alone and in combination with nitrate on the responses to sub-maximal steady-state exercise and time trial (TT) performance. Nine cyclists (VO2max 53.1 ± 4.4 ml/kg/min) completed five performance trials comprising 10 min submaximal steady-state cycling followed by a 16.1 km TT. Following a familiarization the final four trials were preceded, in random order, by either 1) Nitrate gels (NIT) + UV-A, 2) Placebo (PLA) + UV-A, 3) NIT + Sham light (SHAM) and 4) PLA + SHAM (control). The NIT gels (2 x 60 ml gels, ~500 mg nitrate) or a nitrate-depleted PLA were ingested 2.5 h prior to the trial. The light exposure consisted of 20J/cm whole body irradiation with either UV-A or SHAM light. Plasma nitrite was measured preand postirradiation and VO2 was measured continuously during steady-state exercise. Plasma nitrite increased following NIT + SHAM (332 (292 – 377) nM; P=0.029) and NIT + UV-A (456 (312 – 666) nM; P=0.014) compared to PLA + SHAM (215 (167 – 277) nM). Differences between PLA + SHAM and PLA + UV-A (282 (248 – 356) nM) were small and nonsignificant. During steady state exercise VO2 was reduced following NIT + UVA (P=0.034) and tended to be lower in NIT + SHAM (P=0.086) but not PLA + UV-A (P=0.381) compared to PLA + SHAM.TT performance was significantly faster following NIT + UV-A, (1447 ± 41 s; P=0.005; d=0.47) but not PLA + UV-A (1450 ± 40 s; d=0.41) or NIT + SHAM (1455 ± 47 s; d=0.28) compared to PLA + SHAM. These findings demonstrate that exposure to UV-A light alone does not alter the physiological responses to exercise or improve performance a laboratory setting. A combination of UV-A and NIT, however, does improve cycling TT performance in this environment which may be due to a larger increase in NO availability.
Degree of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Anaemic Hospitalised Patients in Osogbo, South – West, Nigeria

Iron deficiency anaemia in moderate to severely anaemic hospitalised patients was carried out in Osogbo metropolis, with the aim of determining the degree of iron deficiency anaemia in the study population. One hundred confirmed anaemic and recently un-transfused patients with haemoglobin concentration level less than 8 g/dL were selected from two major hospitals in Osogbo. Participants were within aged 6 months – 65 years of both sexes. The parameters estimated were haematological indices using automation (Humancount machine). Serum iron and ferritin were also estimated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, blood film was made for every patient and stained using Leishman technique. Out of 100 anaemic patients who participated in this study; 30 were children while 70 were adults, age group 0-15 and 16-30 had prevalence of 30 and 38 respectively. Based on the parameter analyzed, 73 were diagnosed to be iron deficient with anaemia, remaining 27 were due to other causes of anaemia like sickle cell anaemia as observed. Among the 73 iron deficient patients, 24(32.9%) were males and 49 (67.1%) were females, there were two peaks 26 (35.6%) and 28 (38.4%) in a group 0-15 and 16-30 years respectively, in 73 diagnosed to be iron deficient anaemia, 26 (35.6%) were children and 47 (64.4%) were adults, degrees of iron deficiency anaemia in the study population were 49 (67.1%) moderate and 24 (32.9%) severe. Iron deficiency anaemia is the commonest type of anaemia in the study area; it has prevalence in adult females.
Professional doctorates: A pathway to legitimacy for non-academic HE professionals?

This article discusses the current challenges faced by the two authors – both participants on a professional doctorate (PD) programme in education at a leading UK university – in gaining legitimacy as higher education (HE) professionals. By: (1) reflecting upon their own professional experiences in HE and as PD students; (2) utilizing semi-structured interviews with academic and non-academic professionals from their home institutions (in Ireland and India); and (3) drawing on Celia Whitchurch’s typologies of ‘third-space’ HE professionalism, they found that in Ireland the current reform of the HE policy and praxis environment offers some real and positive opportunities for PD participants through the emergence of more progressive models of HE professionalism. In contrast, the relative lack of reform and a highly regulated Indian HE environment, presents ongoing difficulties in terms of applying one’s PD learning in the work environment. This suggests that in India, PD graduates might, in fact, be afforded greater career progression opportunities by transitioning to a more traditional academic role.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Hawaiian Sand Dunes: Island of Kaua'i

Fourteen species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were isolated from the roots of plants growing on sand dunes of Kaua'i. The domi­ nant AM fungal species included Scutellospora hawaiiensis Koske & Gemma, Glomus 807 (an undescribed species), G. intraradices Schenck & Smith, and G. spurcum Walker ined. Species richness per sample was low and ranged from 0 to 6 (avg. 2.0). Mean abundance of live spores was 8.9 spores per 100 cm 3 , and many more dead or parasitized spores were present. The AM fungal commu­ nity of the dunes of Kaua'i was very similar to that of the dunes of the island of Hawai'i. The long-distance dispersal mechanisms and similarity of habitats that have resulted in a relatively uniform angiosperm flora on dunes of the tropical Pacific may have produced a corresponding AM fungal community in these sites.
THE MULTILEVEL CONTEXT OF CRIMINAL SENTENCING: INTEGRATING JUDGE- AND COUNTY-LEVEL INFLUENCES *

This study extends recent inquiries of contextual effects in sentencing by jointly examining the influence of judge and courtroom social contexts. It combines two recent years of individual sentencing data from the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing (PCS) with data on judicial background characteristics and county court social contexts. Three-level hierarchical models are estimated to investigate the influence of judge and county contexts on individual variations in sentencing. Results indicate that nontrivial sentencing variations are associated with both individual judge characteristics and county court contexts. Judicial background factors also condition the influence of individual offender characteristics in important ways. These and other findings are discussed in relation to contemporary theoretical perspectives on courtroom decision making that highlight the importance of both judge and court contexts in sentencing. The study concludes with suggestions for future research on contextual disparities in criminal sentencing.
Small Mammal Community of Forest Stands in Drahanská vrchovina Upland (Czech Republic)

Cepelka L. , Purchart L. , Suchomel J.: Small mammal community of forests stands in Drahanska vrchovina Upland (Czech Republic). – Beskydy, 8 (2): 91–100 In the years 2006–2011 was studied community of small terrestrial mammals in the Drahanska vrchovina Upland. There were compared four stands of different age and tree species composition (30 years old spruce stand; 105 years old spruce forest; 125 years old mixed stand, and 40 years old beech stand). Totally 276 individuals of small terrestrial mammals were trapped and analyzed. The vast majority of cases were Apodemus flavicollis (163), Clethrionomys glareolus (81 specimen), and Apodemus sylvaticus (28). Besides previous species has been confirmed Sorex araneus (2) and Microtus arvalis (1). At all sites the most numerous species was A. flavicollis. Changes in species abundance were synchronized not only among themselves, but also in comparison to southern Moravia. The smallest amplitude and thus the smallest variation showed a population of mammals in old mixed forest. The highest population densities were found in younger spruce stand. The highest biodiversity according to all aspects except the number of species has been found among spruce stands.
INFORMEDNESS AND CONSENSUS OF ACCOUNTING DISCLOSURES UNDER SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES- OXLEY ACT: HIGH-TECH FIRMS VERSUS LOW-TECH FIRMS

This paper draws from the theory explored by Holthausen and Verrecchia (1990) on price and volume behavior and examines initial effects of the overall information contained in 10-Q reports of high-tech firms vis-à-vis low-tech firms on investors’ informedness and consensus when Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act took effect in 2002. Consistent with the reinforcing effects of informedness and consensus on trading volume, we find that trading volume has decreased post SOX for both high-tech and low-tech firms when we investigate investors’ response during a short event window around quarterly reporting dates. However, the effects of informedness and consensus on stock return variability are countervailing, and therefore any decrease or increase in stock return variability depends upon which of the two effects dominates in a particular informational setting. The decrease in stock return variability is found only in high-tech firms, which can be explained by the implementation of more conservative accounting methods in the high-tech sector.
Temperature-dependent Fermi surface of 2H-TaSe2 driven by competing density wave order fluctuations

Temperature evolution of the 2H-TaSe2 Fermi surface (FS) is studied by high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. High-accuracy determination of the FS geometry was possible after measuring electron momenta and velocities along all high-symmetry directions as a function of temperature with subsequent fitting to a tight-binding model. The estimated incommensurability parameter of the nesting vector agrees with that of the incommensurate charge modulations. We observe detectable nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the FS shape, which we show to be consistent with the analogous behavior of the pseudogap. These changes in the electronic structure could stem from the competition of commensurate and incommensurate charge density wave order fluctuations and could explain the puzzling reopening of the pseudogap observed in the normal state of the transition metal dichalcogenides.
Mathematical programming applied in the optimal power flow problem DC: case studies of market needs

This paper seeks to investigate the application of mathematical programming, considering it as a tool for optimal electrical power generation and management. Nowadays, observing signals of crisis in various countries, electrical power emerges not only as a commodity but as a valuable, renewable and sometimes rare resource. Modeling and studying electrical power systems with application of mathematical programming can produce alternatives for optimal management of resources and allow better consumer satisfaction, impacting positively as a typical marketing indicator.
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Transcendental Meditation in Pregnant Women

Background: Transcendental Meditation (TM) promotes a state of relaxation. It has been reported in vedic literature that practicing TM during pregnancy has health benefits . There is a paucity of data regarding use to TM by pregnant women. Objective: The aim was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward TM among pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, observational, questionnaire-based study conducted in 100 antenatal women attending private nursing homes for their antenatal care. Results: Among the respondents, 32% were aware of TM and 22% practiced it during their current pregnancy, 15% practised it under a TM instructor. The time schedule followed by respondents was as follows, 15 women practised it for 20 min a day, 3 practised for 10 min a day, rest didn’t follow the schedule. Thirty percent respondents felt that TM was based on scientific evidence, while 25% felt it was safer than other relaxation techniques that is significantly more in women educated up-to or more than 12 th std. Twenty-five percent opined that TM is more efficacious than other relaxation techniques which is significantly more in working women. Relaxation of body and mind, easy to practice, were the most common advantages of practising TM during pregnancy. The main source of information about TM was internet and social media. Conclusion: Awareness about TM is less and so is the practice in the pregnant women. The importance of practising TM during pregnancy needs to be addressed. This will help the mothers to have healthy pregnancy and out-come. Key-wordsRelaxation techniques, Antenatal women, Questionnaire based study, Transcendental Meditation (TM) INTRODUCTION Ayurveda (Science of Life) is the comprehensive, natural health care system that originated in the ancient Vedic times of India [1] . According to Vedic science the true purpose of meditation is to connect oneself to one’s deep inner self. Techniques which achieve that goal serve the true purpose of meditation. According to Ayurveda the human body constitutes of three components, with their associated functions: Physical bodySthula sarira-gross body Inner facultyThe Inner faculty is the working consciousness, which is constantly changing and consists of: Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:
Fisheries Management under Irreversible Investment: Does Stochasticity Matter?

Abstract We present a continuous, nonlinear, stochastic, and dynamic model for capital investment in the exploitation of a renewable resource. Both the resource stock and capital are treated as state variables. The resource owner controls fishing effort and the investment rate in an optimal way. Biological stock growth and the capital depreciation rate are stochastic in the model. We find that the stochastic resource should be managed conservatively. The capital utilization rate is found to be a nonincreasing function of stochasticity. Investment could be either higher or lower depending on the interaction between capital and the resource stock. In general, a stochastic capital depreciation rate has no strong influence on optimal management. In the long run, the optimal harvest for a stochastic resource becomes lower than the deterministic level. JEL Classification Codes: C61, Q22, Q57
Regular points for elliptic equations with discontinuous coefficients

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