Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Facilitators and Barriers to Person-centred Care in Child and Young People Mental Health Services: A Systematic Review.

Implementation of person-centred care has been widely advocated across various health settings and patient populations, including recent policy for child and family services. Nonetheless, evidence suggests that service users are rarely involved in decision-making, whilst their preferences and goals may be often unheard. The aim of the present research was to systematically review factors influencing person-centred care in mental health services for children, young people and families examining perspectives from professionals, service users and carers. This was conducted according to best practice guidelines, and seven academic databases were searched. Overall, 23 qualitative studies were included. Findings from the narrative synthesis of the facilitators and barriers are discussed in light of a recently published systematic review examining person-centred care in mental health services for adults. Facilitators and barriers were broadly similar across both settings. Training professionals in person-centred care, supporting them to use it flexibly to meet the unique needs of service users whilst also being responsive to times when it may be less appropriate and improving both the quantity and quality of information for service users and carers are key recommendations to facilitate person-centred care in mental health services with children, young people and families. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEY PRACTITIONERS MESSAGES As research shows, children and young people are rarely actively involved in their treatment within mental health services. This is despite a strong recent emphasis on providing care within child and young people mental health services according to person-centred principles. Still, there is little known about factors affecting provision of person-centred care with this population. As found by the current study, the most commonly reported factors affecting provision of person-centred care were information sharing (in an appropriate amount and at a right time), listening, respecting and validating, quality of relationship and support, capacity of children and young people to be involved in their care, parental involvement and shortage of resources. These factors were cited as both facilitators and barriers and were found to be universally important by service users, their carers and professional working at the services. The key factors were broadly similar to those reported among adults, particularly regarding information sharing/communication, capacity of service users to be involved and available resources. The main difference was related to a more complex role of a carer in children/young people services. The key recommendations of the review to improve provision of person-centred care are providing professionals with more training in using the approach, supporting them to use it flexibly to meet the unique needs of service users whilst also being responsive to times when it may be less appropriate and improving both the quantity and quality of information for service users.
Community Acquired Pneumonia and Tuberculosis: A Clinicianʼs Dilemma

The collision of the HIV epidemic with the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic in developing regions of the world has resulted in significant changes in the epidemiology of community acquired pneumonia (CAP). The clinician is frequently faced with the dilemma of when and whether to treat for TB in patients presenting with symptoms and signs of CAP who are coinfected with HIV. The issues include atypical presentation of TB and CAP in patients with AIDS, dual and even triple infections with TB frequently a common denominator, the lack of discrimination of duration of symptoms and signs of TB, development of immune reconstitution inflammatory response syndrome in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral treatment, and restricted access to investigations such as sputum induction, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and limited access to laboratory tests (such as antigen and antibody microbiological tests and procalcitonin levels). The lack of a rapid diagnostic test for TB compounds the challenges.
Perinatal mortality in Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aims In many parts of the world the number of pregnancies in women with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) now exceeds that in women with Type 1 DM, but there are few data published on perinatal mortality in Type 2 DM. This study reports observational data on perinatal mortality in Type 2 DM from a population with a high background rate of this disorder.
BEfree: A new psychological program for binge eating that integrates psychoeducation, mindfulness, and compassion

Background Binge eating disorder (BED) is associated with several psychological and medical problems, such as obesity. Approximately 30% of individuals seeking weight loss treatments present binge eating symptomatology. Moreover, current treatments for BED lack efficacy at follow‐up assessments. Developing mindfulness and self‐compassion seem to be beneficial in treating BED, although there is still room for improvement, which may include integrating these different but complimentary approaches. BEfree is the first program integrating psychoeducation‐, mindfulness‐, and compassion‐based components for treating women with binge eating and obesity. Objective To test the acceptability and efficacy up to 6‐month postintervention of a psychological program based on psychoeducation, mindfulness, and self‐compassion for obese or overweight women with BED. Design A controlled longitudinal design was followed in order to compare results between BEfree (n = 19) and waiting list group (WL; n = 17) from preintervention to postintervention. Results from BEfree were compared from preintervention to 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up. Results BEfree was effective in eliminating BED; in diminishing eating psychopathology, depression, shame and self‐criticism, body‐image psychological inflexibility, and body‐image cognitive fusion; and in improving obesity‐related quality of life and self‐compassion when compared to a WL control group. Results were maintained at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up. Finally, participants rated BEfree helpful for dealing with impulses and negative internal experiences. Conclusions These results seem to suggest the efficacy of BEfree and the benefit of integrating different components such as psychoeducation, mindfulness, and self‐compassion when treating BED in obese or overweight women. Key Practitioner Message The current study provides evidence of the acceptability of a psychoeducation, mindfulness, and compassion program for binge eating in obesity (BEfree); Developing mindfulness and self‐compassionate skills is an effective way of diminishing binge eating, eating psychopathology and depression, and increasing quality of life in women with obesity; Integrating psychoeducation, mindfulness, and compassion seem to be effective in diminishing binge eating, with results maintained up to 6‐month postintervention.
Improving depression and enhancing resilience in family dementia caregivers: a pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial of escitalopram.

BACKGROUND This study examined the potential of an antidepressant drug, escitalopram, to improve depression, resilience to stress, and quality of life in family dementia caregivers in a randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded trial. METHODS Forty family caregivers (43-91 years of age, 25 children and 15 spouses; 26 women) who were taking care of their relatives with Alzheimer disease were randomized to receive either escitalopram 10 mg/day or placebo for 12 weeks. Severity of depression, resilience, burden, distress, quality of life, and severity of care-recipient's cognitive and behavioral disturbances were assessed at baseline and over the course of the study. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores at baseline ranged between 10 and 28. The groups were stratified by the diagnosis of major and minor depression. RESULTS Most outcomes favored escitalopram over placebo. The severity of depression improved, and the remission rate was greater with the drug compared with placebo. Measures of anxiety, resilience, burden, and distress improved on escitalopram compared with placebo. DISCUSSION Among caregivers, this small randomized controlled trial found that escitalopram use resulted in improvement in depression, resilience, burden and distress, and quality of life. Our results need to be confirmed in a larger sample.
Exergames for subsyndromal depression in older adults: a pilot study of a novel intervention.

OBJECTIVES Subsyndromal depression (SSD) is several times more common than major depression in older adults and is associated with significant negative health outcomes. Physical activity can improve depression, but adherence is often poor. The authors assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and short-term efficacy and safety of a novel intervention using exergames (entertaining video games that combine game play with exercise) for SSD in older adults. METHODS Community-dwelling older adults (N = 19, aged 63-94 years) with SSD participated in a 12-week pilot study (with follow-up at 20-24 weeks) of Nintendo's Wii sports, with three 35-minute sessions a week. RESULTS Eight-six percent of enrolled participants completed the 12-week intervention. There was a significant improvement in depressive symptoms, mental health-related quality of life (QoL), and cognitive performance but not physical health-related QoL. There were no major adverse events, and improvement in depression was maintained at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide preliminary indication of the benefits of exergames in seniors with SSD. Randomized controlled trials of exergames for late-life SSD are warranted.
Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate: A clinicopathological study

Objective To study the clinicopathological features of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate (DAP). Materials and method All patients with DAP treated in a single urological unit of a tertiary referral center for a period of 12 years and 4 months from September1996 to December 2008 were analyzed. The median follow up was 78 days (range 20 - 391 days). Results 16 patients with DAP (pure ductal - 7, mixed ductal-microacinar - 9) were treated during the study period. The median age of the patient was 69 years (range 56=87 years). During the last 33 months of the study period DAP accounted for 7.2% (pure ductal - 3.6%, mixed ductal-microacinar - 3.6%). Of all DAP four patients had haematuria as the presenting symptom. Digital rectal examination revealed a clinically malignant prostate in 13 patients. Serum PSA varied from 3.26 ng/ml to 311 ng/ml. Urethroscopy revealed papillary growths around the verumontanum or inside the prostatic urethra in 6 patients. 4 patients were surgically castrated and one patient received external beam radiation for the control of disease. Watchful waiting was offered for 3 patients. Conclusion DAP in pure or mixed form accounted for 7.2% of all prostatic carcinomas; 25% of patients presented with haematuria which is an unusual presentation for prostatic microacinar adenocarcinoma. DOI: 10.4038/slju.v9i1. 1959 Sri Lanka Journal of Urology , 2008, 9 , 20-24
Self-efficacy buffers the relationship between dementia caregiving stress and circulating concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6.

OBJECTIVE the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 has been linked with health morbidity, particularly risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential protective role of coping self-efficacy on the relationship between caregiving stress and circulating concentrations of IL-6. METHODS a total of 62 elderly caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease (mean age: 74 years) were assessed for plasma concentrations of IL-6, caregiving-related overload, and coping self-efficacy. Multiple regression was used to examine the main effects of stress and self-efficacy, as well as the interaction between stress and self-efficacy, in predicting plasma IL-6 after controlling for age, gender, resting blood pressure, and obesity. RESULTS there was a significant interaction between stress and self-efficacy in predicting IL-6. Post-hoc examination indicated that when self-efficacy was low, stress was significantly related to IL-6 (β = 0.43). However, when self-efficacy was high, stress was not significantly related to IL-6 (β = -0.10). CONCLUSION caregiving stress in combination with low coping self-efficacy is significantly related to IL-6, a known risk marker for health morbidity, particularly CVD. However, stress was not associated with IL-6 with high self-efficacy. Although limited and preliminary, these results point to a potential protective effect of self-efficacy on caregiver health that can be tested in longitudinal studies.
IL‐6 Levels in Migraine Patients Receiving Topiramate

There is considerable evidence suggesting that cytokines play important roles in pain and in mediating neurovascular inflammation associated with migraine headaches. Although consensus exists to recommend topiramate (TPM) for migraine prevention, the mechanism of action in this regard is unknown. We measured serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels in 66 migraine patients. Of these patients, 23 (34.9%) were taking TPM for migraine, and 43 (65.1%) were not. The IL‐6 levels were compared with those of healthy controls without migraine, from the population living in the same region. The mean IL‐6 levels in migraine patients taking TPM and patients who did not were 67.06 ± 92.09 pg/mL and 44.09 ± 59.19 pg/mL, respectively (P > 0.05). The IL‐6 levels were higher in the patients taking TPM. The IL‐6 level in the controls was 8.60 ± 7.36 pg/mL, which was significantly lower than the patient group using TPM (P = 0.001). Our results show that, although IL‐6 may be involved in pain induction or inflammatory mechanisms of migraine attacks, the serum IL‐6 level was not reduced in migraine patients receiving TPM therapy. In conclusion, we found high IL‐6 levels in migraine patients both with and without TPM therapy, suggesting that high IL‐6 levels during pain‐free periods could be a conditioning factor, making patients more vulnerable to pain attacks in chronic migraine. Further studies investigating the possible mechanism of TPM in migraine are needed.
Listen to the Children: Kids’ Impressions of Who Do You TellTM

School-based programs have been the central strategy to educate children about the serious nature of child sexual abuse in the hope of prevention or early intervention. Virtually all evaluations have been quantitative, seldom allowing children to directly comment on their experiences. This article presents the results of qualitative research with 116 students (51 boys and 65 girls) ranging from age 6 to 12 who had participated in the Who Do You Tell child sexual abuse education program. Ten focus groups were conducted with students in separate grades, from kindergarten through sixth grade, two to three months after program participation. The core themes that emerged from the focus group interviews are presented, as are implications for child sexual abuse prevention programs.
Coping, Emotion Regulation, and Self-Blame as Mediators of Sexual Abuse and Psychological Symptoms in Adult Sexual Assault

This study examined whether coping, emotion regulation, and self-blame mediate relationships of trauma histories with post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in adult sexual assault victims (N = 1863). A path analysis showed that theorized mediators partially mediated associations between trauma history variables and psychological symptoms. Specifically, child sexual abuse severity was related to greater post-traumatic stress disorder and depression indirectly through maladaptive coping and decreased emotion regulation but not self-blame. Other traumas had direct relationships with symptoms and partially mediated effects through maladaptive coping and emotion regulation. Child sexual abuse was unrelated to self-blame, but other traumas were related to greater self-blame. Results differed according to whether women had counseling post-assault. Implications are drawn for future research and clinical treatment of adult sexual assault victims.
Assessment of knowledge regarding tuberculosis in the context of revised national tuberculosis control program among budding doctors

Background: India has the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the world with over 2 million incident cases (21% of the global burden). Future physicians should correctly diagnose, treat the cases to prevent the development of newer cases. Materials and Methods: The observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012 among 172 interns. Study tool was an English language, pre-designed, pre-tested, self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire. Study variables were multiple including different aspects of TB knowledge. Then, data were collected from them. Finally, the collected data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by proper statistical methods (by percentage). Results: The response rate was 88.4%; mean age was 23.8 (standard deviation ±1.5) years, ranged from 22 to 28 years. A majority of interns (65.4%) correctly identified droplet infection as the chief mode of transmission of pulmonary TB (PTB). Again 65.4% interns correctly mentioned coughing for 2 weeks or more as the most important symptom of PTB. Majority (91.0%) correctly responded sputum examination for acid fast bacilli for diagnosis. Only a few respondents (25.6%) were able to narrate correct categorization of TB. More than 3/4 th (76.9%) could correctly name all the five first line anti-TB drugs used in directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS). Conclusion: The most worrisome finding was the lack of proper knowledge about TB transmission. Poor level of knowledge can prevent the future medical practitioners from suspecting TB. The present study was found comparable with many other study findings. The respondents had moderate knowledge regarding treatment monitoring. There is an urgent need for the huge increase in awareness of DOTS among budding doctors.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Issues and Controversies

It is not hard to make psychiatric diagnoses. Ask the questions, elicit the symptoms, open the DSM IV , tick the boxes, and you have it. One set of symptoms means schizophrenia. You don't need to think about the cause, which is fortunate, as we don't know it. Another set of symptoms and a different set of tick boxes, and then this is depression. Again, the label says nothing about the cause, which is also fortunate, as it may have been anything from a long list of psychological, social, or physical hazards. [][1] Ed Gerald M Rosen John Wiley & Sons, £24.95 37.50, pp 288 ISBN 0 470 86285 8 Rating: ! [Graphic][2] ! [Graphic][3] ! [Graphic][4] Another set of tick boxes and the label might be post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, this time the label does indeed specify the cause: trauma. Out go the intricacies of psychiatric formulation—the complex interplay of genes, early environment, education, marriage, life events, physical illness, and so on. Here was something simple. The appearance of the new diagnosis of PTSD in 1980 was part of America's attempts to come to terms with … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Religion and the presence and severity of depression in older adults.

OBJECTIVES : To examine the associations of dimensions of religiousness with the presence and severity of depression in older adults. DESIGN : Cross-sectional analysis of clinical and interview data. SETTING : Private university-affiliated medical center in the Southeastern United States. PARTICIPANTS : Four hundred seventy-six psychiatric patients with a current episode of unipolar major depression, and 167 nondepressed comparison subjects, ages 58 years or older (mean = 70 years, SD = 7). MEASUREMENTS : Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, and Duke Depression Evaluation Schedule were used in the study. RESULTS : Presence of depression was related to less frequent worship attendance, more frequent private religious practice, and moderate subjective religiosity. Among the depressed group, less severe depression was related to more frequent worship attendance, less religiousness, and having had a born-again experience. These results were only partially explained by effects of social support and stress buffering. CONCLUSIONS : Religion is related to depression diagnosis and severity via multiple pathways.
The Relation between the Duty Cycle and Anesthetic Effect in Lidocaine Iontophoresis Using Alternating Current

We assessed the effect of the duty cycle on the anesthetic effect during lidocaine alternating current (AC) iontophoresis. A solution of 2% lidocaine was delivered to the medial antecubital skin for 20 minutes using AC iontophoresis with a duty cycle of 60%, 70%, or 80%. The von Frey test was then performed to evaluate the anesthetic effect. In the groups treated with a duty cycle of 80% or 70% the touch thresholds (TT) were significantly elevated from 0 minutes to 30 minutes and from 0 minutes to 20 minutes. TT were significantly elevated at 0 minutes in the group treated with a 60% duty cycle. The anesthetic effect was significantly enhanced in a duty cycle‐dependent manner.
Evaluation of Internal Obturator Muscle Transposition in Treatment of Perineal Hernia in Dogs

A technique that utilizes transposition of the internal obturator muscle for repair of perineal hernias was evaluated. Forty-two male dogs were followed for at least one year after surgery. The repair failed in only one animal, a dog with previously operated bilateral hernias. Microangiography demonstrated an adequate blood supply to the transposed internal obturator muscles of two dogs examined at three weeks and three months after surgery.
Framing Child Sexual Abuse: A Longitudinal Content Analysis of Newspaper and Television Coverage, 2002–2012

ABSTRACT The way in which the news media frame child sexual abuse can influence public perception. This content analysis of the child sexual abuse coverage of eight national news organizations in the United States from 2002 to 2012 includes the two dominant events of the Catholic Church and Pennsylvania State University child sexual abuse scandals. Census and systematic stratified sampling techniques were applied to articles obtained from the Lexis/Nexis Academic database, resulting in a sample of 503 articles. Intercoder reliability was ensured by double coding a randomly selected sample. Study findings indicate a shift in the attribution of responsibility of child sexual abuse among news organizations over the past decade from an individual-level problem with individual-level solutions to a societal-level problem with institutional culpability. Nevertheless, individual-level solutions continue to be framed as the best possible solution.
Psychometric properties of the Turkish Young Compensation Inventory.

UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Young Compensation Inventory (YCI). Seven hundred and forty-three patients participated in the study. Principal components analysis with equamax rotation was carried out, and seven definable factor structures emerged. Internal consistency analysis revealed statistically significant correlation coefficients. As to convergent validity, correlational analysis of theoretically related variables showed statistically significant coefficients. Furthermore, the discriminant validity assessed through t-test analysis comparing clinical and non-clinical samples (n = 516) yielded statistically significant differences. In overall evaluation, the Turkish YCI was found to have acceptable levels of reliability and validity. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE The YCI is a self-report questionnaire consisting of 48 items that assess the schema compensation strategies. The Turkish YCI has acceptable levels of reliability and validity. The Turkish YCI is ready to be used in both schema therapy practice and research settings in Turkey.