Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Practical advice to support mid-career doctoral students in nursing: Some considerations for academic supervisors

Abstract Mid-career students who undertake doctoral studies have often achieved standing and success in their careers and may already hold quite senior leadership positions in the profession. In view of this, mid-career students may struggle with the transition to student, particularly if they have not studied for a number of years and have multiple pressures on their time. Supervisors on the other hand, operate within cultures of performance based indicators, and are under pressure to facilitate timely student completions. While students must take ultimate responsibility for their doctoral work, it is possible for supervisors to identify problems early, and offer practical solutions to assist mid-career students overcome their problems, and facilitate optimal engagement. In this paper we highlight some of the challenges this vulnerable student group can present, and identify some practical strategies supervisors can suggest to assist in the timely and successful completion of doctorate degrees.
Glutathione peroxidase 1 and a high cellular glutathione concentration are essential for effective organic hydroperoxide detoxification in astrocytes

Organic hydroperoxides are produced in the eicosanoid metabolism and by lipid peroxidation. To examine the contribution of glutathione peroxidase‐1 (GPx1) and glutathione (GSH) in the disposal of organic hydroperoxides in brain astrocytes, primary astrocyte cultures from wild type or GPx1‐deficient (GPx1(−/−)) mice were exposed to cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). After application of 100 μM CHP, the peroxide disappeared quickly from the incubation medium of wild type cells with a half‐life of 9 min, whereas CHP clearance was strongly retarded in GPx1(−/−) astrocytes. Depletion of GSH by pre‐incubation with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) significantly slowed CHP clearance by wild type astrocytes, while almost completely preventing peroxide disposal by GPx1(−/−) cells. In contrast, the catalase inhibitor 3‐aminotriazole (3AT) had no effect on CHP clearance. Application of CHP to wild type astrocytes was followed by a rapid and transient accumulation of GSSG, whereas in GPx1(−/−) cells no increase in the GSSG content was detected. Astrocytes from both mouse lines remained viable for up to 24 h following CHP exposure, however depletion of cellular GSH by pre‐treatment with BSO compromised the viability of astrocytes, an effect that was stronger in GPx1(−/−) than in wild type cells. This cell death was almost completely prevented by iron chelators, whereas pre‐incubation with iron increased CHP toxicity. These novel data demonstrate that the toxicity of organic hydroperoxides in astrocytes is iron‐mediated, and that an intact GSH system is required for the effective removal of organic hydroperoxides and for protection from these peroxides. © 2006Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Screening of Ficus platyphylla against Human/Animal Pathogens.

Ethanolic and water extracts of Ficus platyphylla were screened for their phytochemical and antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus spp. and Salmonella spp. The results indicated that saponins, tannins, and volatile oils were present while flavanoids, glycosides, alkaloids, and resin were absent. The roots and stem-bark of the ethanol extract was active on most of the pathogens. But for Staphylococcus aureus, all the other microbes developed resistance against the water extract. This attests to the fact that Ficus platyphylla contains bioactive compounds of potentially therapeutic and prophylactic significance and thus could be a promissory candidate for drug development and validates folkloric claim, as a cure for tuberculosis and other bacterial and fungal infections.
The relationship between anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide and bone mineral density and radiographic damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the relationship between anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) levels and bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover, and radiographic damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Eighty patients (68 females, 12 males, mean age 46.50±14.59 years) with RA were included in the study. Anti‐CCP antibodies were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bone turnover was studied by analysing serum levels of C‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (sCTX, ng/mL), using an enzyme immunoassay. BMD was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Disease activity was assessed according to the Disease Activity Score that includes 28 joint counts (DAS28). Functional capacity was assessed by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Results: Anti‐CCP‐positive patients were defined as group 1 and anti‐CCP‐negative patients as group 2. The mean disease duration was 7.53±6.27 years in group 1 and 6.25±6.51 years in group 2. Anti‐CCP had a limited negative correlation with lumbar BMD (r = −0.220, p = 0.050) and a negative correlation with femoral BMD (r = −0.242, p = 0.031). There was no statistically significant correlation between anti‐CCP and sCTX values (r = 0.117, p = 0.301). Sharp scores were significantly higher in anti‐CCP‐positive than anti‐CCP‐negative patients (p = 0.012), and anti‐CCP levels were significantly correlated with Sharp scores (r = 0.240, p = 0.032). Conclusions: We found that RA patients with higher levels of anti‐CCP antibody had lower lumbar and femoral BMD. Anti‐CCP levels were also associated with radiographic damage. Therefore, we suggest that anti‐CCP may be a determinant of bone loss in patients with RA.
Cross-modal responses in the primary visual cortex encode complex objects and correlate with tactile discrimination

Cortical areas that directly receive sensory inputs from the thalamus were long thought to be exclusively dedicated to a single modality, originating separate labeled lines. In the past decade, however, several independent lines of research have demonstrated cross-modal responses in primary sensory areas. To investigate whether these responses represent behaviorally relevant information, we carried out neuronal recordings in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and primary visual cortex (V1) of rats as they performed whisker-based tasks in the dark. During the free exploration of novel objects, V1 and S1 responses carried comparable amounts of information about object identity. During execution of an aperture tactile discrimination task, tactile recruitment was slower and less robust in V1 than in S1. However, V1 tactile responses correlated significantly with performance across sessions. Altogether, the results support the notion that primary sensory areas have a preference for a given modality but can engage in meaningful cross-modal processing depending on task demand.
Impact of Job Stress on Consumer Satisfaction with Role of Mediating Variables (Employee Satisfaction and Employee Performance): A Study of Punjab Emergency Service (Rescue 1122) Sahiwal, Pakistan

Rescue 1122 is playing a vital role in rescue services in Punjab. Rescue services basically upon employee? s efficiency. Low wages, extra working hours, fake and irrelevant phone calls are the causes of stress on employees and resultantly employee? s satisfaction impact on customer? s satisfaction. This study will investigate the impact of stress on employees and its impact on customer? s satisfaction and dissatisfaction. The researcher will use explanatory research and describe the phenomena of employees and customer? s satisfaction and dissatisfaction. The study will use the entire population of Sahiwal Region and by using stratified sampling method. In a sample of 600 people, 300 employees and 300 customers of Rescue 1122 will be used. Researcher will use the survey method and an adopted questionnaire for collection of data. A Software SPSS will be used for data analysis. Findings of this research will be used for Rescue 1122 employee? s and customer awareness.
Hypercholesterolemia Is Associated with a Shorter Time to Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in Patients Who Have Undergone Androgen Deprivation Therapy

Purpose The goal of this study was to investigate the association between hypercholesterolemia and the time required for progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in patients who have undergone androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Materials and Methods Data from 154 patients with prostate cancer between 2005 and 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. ADT was employed as a treatment modality for these patients either due to multiple bone metastases at the time of diagnosis or due to old age in combination with other morbidities. Serum cholesterol levels and statin use were reviewed. We analyzed the factors associated with the development of CRPC after ADT treatment. The mean follow-up period was 34.8 months. Results The mean age of the patients was 71.3 years old and their mean prostate-specific antigen level was 141.8±212.6 ng/mL. Their mean cholesterol level was 175.9±37.7 mg/dL, and 14 patients (9.1%) were statin users. CRPC developed in 44 patients (28.6%), and the mean duration from ADT treatment to CRPC was 24.1 months. In a multivariate analysis, hypercholesterolemia was associated with the development of CRPC (hazard ratio [HR]=1.017, p<0.001), depending on clinical T stage (p=0.005) and the presence of bone metastasis (p<0.001). A subanalysis showed that hypercholesterolemia was associated with the development of CRPC in patients with bone metastasis (HR=1.032, p<0.001), but not in patients without bone metastasis. Conclusions Hypercholesterolemia may be associated with the development of CRPC after ADT in patients with bone metastasis. Further studies with longer follow-up periods and larger samples are needed to validate this finding.
Holes a plenty: oral health status a major issue for newly arrived refugees in Australia.

BACKGROUND Dental health needs of newly arrived refugees are much greater than for the wider Australian community. This paper identifies the disparities and highlights major dental health issues for Australia's growing and constantly changing refugee population. METHODS Using available data and the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index as a measure of oral health, the reported oral health status of refugee groups in Australia was compared with that of the general population, Indigenous Australians, recipients of public dental services, special needs groups in Australia and other refugee groups outside Australia. RESULTS The reported oral health status of Australian refugees compared poorly with the comparison groups. Of particular concern was the number of reported untreated decayed teeth (D). This ranged from a mean of 2.0 to 5.2 compared with 0.6 to 1.4 for the general Australian population. Refugee groups also reported fewer filled teeth (1.0 to 5.8) compared with the general population (4.1 to 9.3). Similar results were found when reported D, M and F teeth for refugees were compared to Indigenous Australians, public dental service recipients, immigrants and special needs groups in Australia. CONCLUSIONS Dental health of refugees, particularly untreated decay, compared poorly to that of Indigenous Australians, and special needs populations in Australia who all have known worse dental health than the general population. There is an urgent need for the inclusion of this at risk population among targeted dental services. In addition, sources of health related data must clearly identify refugees to enable appropriate comparisons with other population groups. Recommendations for refugees are made regarding on-arrival dental assessment and treatment, and community based oral health programmes.
Role of smectite quasicrystal dynamics in adsorption of dinitrophenol

Understanding sorption mechanisms and processes is critical for predicting the fate of organic pollutants in soils and for development of effective remediation strategies for contaminated soils. A novel suspension x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used to elucidate the influence of the size and swelling of K- and Ca-smectite quasicrystals in aqueous suspensions on adsorption of4,6-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC). X-ray diffraction patterns of randomly oriented smectite quasicrystals in aqueous suspensions were compared with diffraction patterns for air-dried and oven-dried oriented films of the same smectites. The XRD patterns reveal that the phenolate form of DNOC, which is predominant in solution with pH ≥ 4.4, is primarily adsorbed on external surfaces of K-smectite quasicrystals in aqueous suspensions and may enter the interlayers as a K-DNOC complex when K-smectite quasicrystals coalesce. In Ca-smectite suspensions with pH > 4.4, the phenolate form of DNOC is adsorbed only on external surfaces; however, DNOC may become entrapped between substacks within Ca-smectite quasicrystals as the smectite suspension dries to form an oriented film. The neutral form of DNOC (pH ≤ 4.4) was adsorbed in the interlayers of a low-charge-density Ca-smectite in aqueous suspension but not in the interlayers of the high-charge-density Ca-smectite, apparently due to steric restrictions. Clearly, XRD analysis is a valuable tool for gaining insight into interactions between smectites and organic molecules, but caution must be used in extrapolating data based on XRD patterns of air-dried and oven-dried smectite films to processes that may occur in aqueous smectite suspensions.
Self‐explanation in learning clinical reasoning: the added value of examples and prompts

Recent studies suggest that self‐explanation (SE) while diagnosing cases fosters the development of clinical reasoning in medical students; however, the conditions that optimise the impact of SE remain unknown. The example‐based learning framework justifies an exploration of students’ use of their own SEs combined with the study of examples. This study aimed to assess the impact on medical students’ diagnostic performance of: (i) combining students’ SEs with their listening to examples of residents’ SEs, and (ii) the addition of prompts (specific questions) while working with examples.
Ku-band push-push VCO using phase shifters

In this paper, a novel push-push VCO using phase shifters is presented. This circuit incorporates the phase shifters into the positive feedback loops that determine the oscillation frequency. The phase shifter consists of a pi/2 hybrid circuit and varactor diodes. By experiment, the developed push-push VCO achieves a comparatively wide tuning frequency range of 390 MHz. The phase noise is -96.2 to -100.2 dBc/Hz at the offset frequency of 1 MHz in 15 GHz band.
Assessment of protein quality in heat-treated soybean products using the growth responses of lambs and calves and a nylon bag-rooster assay.

Three studies were conducted to evaluate N and amino acid (AA) availability from processed soybean (SB) products. In Exp. 1 and 2, treatments consisted of corn-cottonseed hull basal diets plus SB products including SB meal (SBM); ground, raw SB (RSB); or extruded SB (ESB). In Exp. 1, 15 Suffolk (28.6 kg) and 15 Louisiana native breed (16.3 kg) ewe lambs were used in a 35-d growth trial. Although breed affected (P < .10) DMI and ADG of lambs, the diets did not (P > .10). In Exp. 2, 12 Suffolk wether lambs (34.0 kg) were used in a 3 x 3 multiple-square Latin square design N metabolism trial. Lambs fed RSB tended (P = .13) to retain more N than those fed ESB, but N retained by lambs fed RSB and ESB was similar (P > .10) to that of lambs fed SBM. In Exp. 3, four crossbred steer calves (240 kg) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design N metabolism trial with the above treatments plus heat-damaged SB (HDSB). Calves fed RSB and ESB retained similar (P > .10) amounts of N. Compared with calves fed RSB and ESB, calves fed SBM retained more (P < .10) N. Calves fed HDSB retained less (P < .10) N than those fed other diets. The individual SB products and the total mixed diets used in Exp. 3 were incubated intraruminally in nylon bags and the residual DM recovered and precision-fed to cecectomized roosters to estimate its intestinal AA digestibility. Digestibility of residual AA seemed to be relatively uniform across AA. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Recruitment of Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate-Early 2 Protein onto Parental Viral Genomes in Association with ND10 in Live-Infected Cells

ABSTRACT The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate-early 2 (IE2) transactivator has previously been shown to form intranuclear, dot-like accumulations in association with subnuclear structures known as promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) nuclear bodies or ND10. We recently observed that IE2 can form dot-like structures even after infection of PML knockdown cells, which lack genuine ND10. To further analyze the determinants of IE2 subnuclear localization, a recombinant HCMV expressing IE2 fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein was constructed. We infected primary human fibroblasts expressing Sp100 fused to the autofluorescent protein mCherry while performing live-cell imaging experiments. These experiments revealed a very dynamic association of IE2 dots with ND10 structures during the first hours postinfection: juxtaposed structures rapidly fused to precise colocalizations, followed by segregation, and finally, the dispersal of ND10 accumulations. Furthermore, by infecting PML knockdown cells we determined that the number of IE2 accumulations was dependent on the multiplicity of infection. Since time-lapse microscopy in live-infected cells revealed that IE2 foci developed into viral replication compartments, we hypothesized that viral DNA could act as a determinant of IE2 accumulations. Direct evidence that IE2 molecules are associated with viral DNA early after HCMV infection was obtained using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Finally, a DNA-binding-deficient IE2 mutant could no longer be recruited into viral replication centers, suggesting that the association of IE2 with viral DNA is mediated by a direct DNA contact. Thus, we identified viral DNA as an important determinant of IE2 subnuclear localization, which suggests that the formation of a virus-induced nucleoprotein complex and its spatial organization is likely to be critical at the early stages of a lytic infection.
Tetrameric Structure of the GlfT2 Galactofuranosyltransferase Reveals a Scaffold for the Assembly of Mycobacterial Arabinogalactan*

Background: GlfT2 is a bifunctional galactofuranosyltransferase essential for mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Results: Crystal structures of free and UDP-bound GlfT2, along with mutagenesis and kinetic studies, reveal novel details underlying substrate binding and catalysis. Conclusion: The homotetrameric architecture, distinctive nucleotide-binding site, and unprecedented structural features underlying the bifunctional polymerase activity of GlfT2 are revealed. Significance: Novel insights into polymerizing glycosyltransferases and the design of anti-mycobacterial therapeutics are obtained. Biosynthesis of the mycobacterial cell wall relies on the activities of many enzymes, including several glycosyltransferases (GTs). The polymerizing galactofuranosyltransferase GlfT2 (Rv3808c) synthesizes the bulk of the galactan portion of the mycolyl-arabinogalactan complex, which is the largest component of the mycobacterial cell wall. We used x-ray crystallography to determine the 2.45-Å resolution crystal structure of GlfT2, revealing an unprecedented multidomain structure in which an N-terminal β-barrel domain and two primarily α-helical C-terminal domains flank a central GT-A domain. The kidney-shaped protomers assemble into a C4-symmetric homotetramer with an open central core and a surface containing exposed hydrophobic and positively charged residues likely involved with membrane binding. The structure of a 3.1-Å resolution complex of GlfT2 with UDP reveals a distinctive mode of nucleotide recognition. In addition, models for the binding of UDP-galactofuranose and acceptor substrates in combination with site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic studies suggest a mechanism that explains the unique ability of GlfT2 to generate alternating β-(1→5) and β-(1→6) glycosidic linkages using a single active site. The topology imposed by docking a tetrameric assembly onto a membrane bilayer also provides novel insights into aspects of processivity and chain length regulation in this and possibly other polymerizing GTs.
Knowledge management as second level management

This article deals with the question: What enables organizations to manage knowledge transfer? We present principal-agent theory as a foundation to explain barriers of knowledge transfer. We show mechanisms which can solve the principal-agent problem by means of network, organizational, and motivational characteristics. Thereafter, we give some empirical evidence from a survey with medical doctors. The results show that network characteristics in form of direct channels for interaction, organizational characteristics, and intrinsic motivation can support knowledge transfer. These three factors are part of a ‘second level management’.
Value creation in mobile banking

The convergence of the Internet and mobile networks creates new opportunities and applications. Treating mobile business as simply an extension to the traditional web could result in missing out unique differentiated qualities for new value-added possibilities. Mobile Banking is considered to be one of the most value-added and important mobile service available. The current research examined technological changes in mobile networks and innovative attributes of Mobile Internet. It has advanced the theoretical framework of innovation in service to develop a customer centric analysis of mBanking value proposition. The article goes on to discuss critical factors in the diffusion of mBanking and explores reasons of failure and further prospects of success.
The temperature changes during and after the discharge of the electric organ in Malapterurus electricus

Although the discharge mechanism of Malapterurus differs considerably in detail from that of Electrophones, the temperature changes that accompany the discharge are nearly identical, both in size and in time course. The results provided clear evidence for the occurrence of the cooling of adiabatic ionic mixing predicted by Bernstein & Tschermak (1906), and of a loadindependent cooling whose mean size on open circuit at 20 °C was 44 ucal/g.impulse, and which appears to be similar in origin to the fixed cooling component observed in Electrophones.
Impact of public private partnerships addressing access to pharmaceuticals in low and middle income countries: Uganda pilot study

Created in 2000 in Geneva, Switzerland, the Initiative on PublicPrivate Partnerships for Health is sponsored by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation and the World Bank. It operates under the aegis of the Global Forum for Health Research, an independent international foundation helping to correct the 10/90 gap in health research, from which it also receives support (www.globalforumhealth.org).