Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONCOMITANT BLADDER AND RECTAL INJURIES: RESULTS FROM THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE SURGERY OF TRAUMA (AAST) MULTI-CENTER RECTAL INJURY STUDY GROUP.

BACKGROUND Combined traumatic injuries to the rectum and bladder are rare. We hypothesized that the combination of bladder and rectal injures would have worse outcomes than rectal injury alone. METHODS This is an American Association for the Surgery of Trauma multi-institutional retrospective study from 2004-2015 traumatic rectal injury patients who were admitted to one of 22 participating centers. Demographics, mechanism, and management of rectal injury were collected. Patients who sustained a rectal injury alone were compared to patients who sustained a combined injury to the bladder and rectum. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine if abdominal complications, mortality, and length of stay were impacted by a concomitant bladder injury after adjusting for cofounders. RESULTS There were 424 patients who sustained a traumatic rectal injury, of which 117 (28%) had a combined injury to the bladder. When comparing the patients with a combined bladder/rectal injury to the rectal alone group there was no difference in admission demographics admission physiology, or injury severity score. There was also no differences in management of the rectal injury and no difference in abdominal complications (13% vs. 16%, p=0.38), mortality (3% vs. 2%, p=0.68), or length of stay (17 days vs. 21 days, p=0.10). When looking at only the 117 patients with a combined injury, the addition of a colostomy did not significantly decrease the rate of abdominal complications (14% vs. 8%, p=0.42), mortality (3% vs. 0%, p=0.99), or length of stay (17 days vs. 17 days, p=0.94). After adjusting for cofounders (AAST rectal injury grade, gender, damage control surgery, diverting colostomy, and length of stay) the presence of a bladder injury did not impact outcomes. CONCLUSION For patients with traumatic rectal injury, a concomitant bladder injury does not increase the rates of abdominal complications, mortality, or length of stay. Furthermore, the addition of a diverting colostomy for management of traumatic bladder and rectal injury does not change outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV; prognostic.
Urinary exosome miR‐30c‐5p as a biomarker of clear cell renal cell carcinoma that inhibits progression by targeting HSPA5

Exosome‐derived miRNAs are regarded as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of many human cancers. However, its function in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. In this study, differentially expressed miRNAs from urinal exosomes were identified using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and verified using urine samples of ccRCC patients and healthy donors. Then, the exosomes were analysed in early‐stage ccRCC patients, healthy individuals and patients suffering from other urinary system cancers. Thereafter, the target gene of the miRNA was detected. Its biological function was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that miR‐30c‐5p could be amplified in a stable manner. Its expression pattern was significantly different only between ccRCC patients and healthy control individuals, but not compared with that of other urinary system cancers, which indicated its specificity for ccRCC. Additionally, the overexpression of miR‐30c‐5p inhibited ccRCC progression in vitro and in vivo. Heat‐shock protein 5 (HSPA5) was found to be a direct target gene of miR‐30c‐5p. The depletion of HSPA5 caused by miR‐30c‐5p inhibition reversed the promoting effect of ccRCC growth. In conclusion, urinary exosomal miR‐30c‐5p acts as a potential diagnostic biomarker of early‐stage ccRCC and may be able to modulate the expression of HSPA5, which is correlated with the progression of ccRCC.
Clinical and MRI characteristics and follow-up studies of insulin-derived amyloidosis

Terumasa Nagase , Keiichi Iwaya, Tamotsu Zako, Tomotada Odaka, Koichiro Kogure, Yoko Nemoto, Yohei Misumi, Masayuki Noritake, Yukio Ando and Yoshiya Katsura Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Pathology, SASAKI Institute, Kyoundo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
Effect of substitutional impurities on vibrational properties of zircon: a first-principles study

Density-functional theory was used to investigate the effect of atomic impurities on the structural and vibrational properties of zircon (tetragonal ZrSiO4). Atomic impurities considered include radioactive elements U and Th, as well as Hf, Sn, and Ti, substituted on the Zr-site. Using the supercell approach to model a range of substitutional concentrations, impurities were found to cause changes in the volume of the host lattice. This effect was shown to be partially equivalent to the application of a lattice strain. This quantum-based finding is in excellent agreement with the heuristic lattice-strain model traditionally employed in the geosciences to account for the compatibility of impurities in host lattices. Vibrational properties of substituted zircon were also investigated in order to provide a quantum mechanical understanding of Raman spectroscopy measurements on natural zircon. The computational analysis reproduces existing experimental data reported for uranium-substituted zircon and provides general predictive trends for other impurities including Th, Hf, Sn, and Ti. The insights gained by this study regarding the Raman signature of the presence of substitutional impurities set the groundwork for future study of the more substantial lattice disruptions that characterize radiation damage due to alpha decay in zircon.
Reconciling modern machine-learning practice and the classical bias–variance trade-off

Significance While breakthroughs in machine learning and artificial intelligence are changing society, our fundamental understanding has lagged behind. It is traditionally believed that fitting models to the training data exactly is to be avoided as it leads to poor performance on unseen data. However, powerful modern classifiers frequently have near-perfect fit in training, a disconnect that spurred recent intensive research and controversy on whether theory provides practical insights. In this work, we show how classical theory and modern practice can be reconciled within a single unified performance curve and propose a mechanism underlying its emergence. We believe this previously unknown pattern connecting the structure and performance of learning architectures will help shape design and understanding of learning algorithms. Breakthroughs in machine learning are rapidly changing science and society, yet our fundamental understanding of this technology has lagged far behind. Indeed, one of the central tenets of the field, the bias–variance trade-off, appears to be at odds with the observed behavior of methods used in modern machine-learning practice. The bias–variance trade-off implies that a model should balance underfitting and overfitting: Rich enough to express underlying structure in data and simple enough to avoid fitting spurious patterns. However, in modern practice, very rich models such as neural networks are trained to exactly fit (i.e., interpolate) the data. Classically, such models would be considered overfitted, and yet they often obtain high accuracy on test data. This apparent contradiction has raised questions about the mathematical foundations of machine learning and their relevance to practitioners. In this paper, we reconcile the classical understanding and the modern practice within a unified performance curve. This “double-descent” curve subsumes the textbook U-shaped bias–variance trade-off curve by showing how increasing model capacity beyond the point of interpolation results in improved performance. We provide evidence for the existence and ubiquity of double descent for a wide spectrum of models and datasets, and we posit a mechanism for its emergence. This connection between the performance and the structure of machine-learning models delineates the limits of classical analyses and has implications for both the theory and the practice of machine learning.
Attention Restoration Space on a University Campus: Exploring Restorative Campus Design Based on Environmental Preferences of Students

Students studying for a long time frequently suffer from attentional fatigue; however, campuses lack specific spaces in which to restore attention. This study aimed to explore the significant perceptual factors related to student selection of landscape types that they perceive as most relaxing on a university campus. To understand the design factors of an attention restoration space, this study examined the preference of students regarding restorative environments on university campuses at six universities in northeastern China using a questionnaire survey (n = 360). Place-mapping revealed the spatial characteristics of the preferences of students for relaxing in the available space. The primary perceptual factors were obtained using correlation analysis and keyword frequency. A relationship model of landscape types and perceptual factors was established using categorical regression (CATREG). Results showed that waterfront spaces have the optimal perceived attention restoration effect, followed by vegetation spaces, courtyard spaces and square spaces. Visibility, accessibility, comfort, recognition and sense of belonging are significant perceptual factors that should be first considered. Moreover, the optimal selection of design factors depends on the interaction of landscape types and perceptual factors. The design implications may assist designers to gain a new perspective on student requirements for a healthy environment.
Discontinuities in mathematical modelling: origin, detection and resolution

When modelling a chemical process, a modeller is usually required to handle a wide variations in time and/or length scales of its underlying differential equations by eliminating either the faster or slower dynamics. When compelled to deal with both and simultaneously simplify model structure, he/she is sometimes forced to make decisions that render the resulting model discontinuous. Discontinuities between adjacent regions, described by different equation sets, cause difficulties for ODE solvers. Two types exist for handling discontinuities in ODEs. Type I handles a discontinuity from the ODE solver side without paying any attention to the ODE model. This resolution to discontinuities suffer from underestimating the proper location of the discontinuity and thus results in solution errors. Type II discontinuity handlers resolve discontinuities at the model level by altering model structure or introducing bridging functions. This type of discontinuity handling has not been thoroughly explored in literature. I present a new hybrid (Type I and Type II) algorithm that eliminates integrator discontinuities through two steps. First, it determines the optimum switch point between two functions spanning adjacent or overlapping domains. The optimum switch point is determined by searching for a “jump point” that minimizes a discontinuity between adjacent/overlapping functions. Two resolution approaches exist. Approach I covers the entire overlap domain with an interpolating polynomial. Approach II relies on a moving vector to track a function trajectory during simulation run. Then, the discontinuity is resolved using an interpolating polynomial that joins the two discontinuous functions within a fraction of the overlap domain. The developed algorithm is successfully tested in models of a steady state chemical reactor exhibiting a bivariate discontinuity and a dynamic Pressure Swing Adsorption Unit exhibiting a univariate discontinuity in boundary conditions. Simulation results demonstrated a substantial increase in models' accuracy with a reduction in simulation runtime.
A Corpus-based Study of EFL Learners’ Errors in IELTS Essay Writing

The present study analyzed different types of errors in the EFL learners’ IELTS essays. In order to determine the major types of errors, a corpus of 70 IELTS examinees’ writings were collected, and their errors were extracted and categorized qualitatively. Errors were categorized based on a researcher-developed error-coding scheme into 13 aspects. Based on the descriptive statistical analyses, the frequency of each error type was calculated and the commonest errors committed by the EFL learners in IELTS essays were identified. The results indicated that the two most frequent errors that IELTS candidates committed were related to word choice and verb forms. Based on the research results, pedagogical implications highlight analyzing EFL learners’ writing errors as a useful basis for instructional purposes including creating pedagogical teaching materials that are in line with learners’ linguistic strengths and weaknesses.
Looking up improves performance in verbal tasks

ABSTRACT Earlier research suggested that gaze direction has an impact on cognitive processing. It is likely that horizontal gaze direction increases activation in specific areas of the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. Consistent with the lateralization of memory functions, we previously showed that shifting gaze to the left improves visuo-spatial short-term memory. In the current study, we investigated the effect of unilateral gaze on verbal processing. We expected better performance with gaze directed to the right because language is lateralized in the left hemisphere. Also, an advantage of gaze directed upward was expected because local processing and object recognition are facilitated in the upper visual field. Observers directed their gaze at one of the corners of the computer screen while they performed lexical decision, grammatical gender and semantic discrimination tasks. Contrary to expectations, we did not observe performance differences between gaze directed to the left or right, which is consistent with the inconsistent literature on horizontal asymmetries with verbal tasks. However, RTs were shorter when observers looked at words in the upper compared to the lower part of the screen, suggesting that looking upwards enhances verbal processing.
The multiple mediating effects of illness perceptions and coping strategies on the relationship between physical symptoms and depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure

Background: Depressive symptoms are prevalent and cause poor health outcomes in patients with heart failure. Studies show that the physical symptoms of heart failure are associated with depressive symptoms. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. Aims: The purpose of our study was to examine the associations between physical symptoms, illness perceptions, coping strategies and depressive symptoms and to test the multiple mediation effects of illness perceptions and coping strategies on the relationship between physical symptoms and depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure. Methods: Physical symptoms, illness perceptions, coping strategies and depressive symptoms were assessed using self-reported questionnaires among 302 patients (64.2±11.9 years, 54% male) with heart failure in a tertiary general hospital. A serial multiple mediation model was tested using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results: Depressive symptoms were positively correlated with physical symptoms (r=0.487, p<0.01), illness perceptions (r=0.499, p<0.01) and acceptance–resignation coping (r=0.580, p<0.01). The relationship between physical symptoms and depressive symptoms was mediated by illness perceptions (indirect effect: 0.036, confidence interval (0.014, 0.059)) and by acceptance-resignation (indirect effect: 0.034, confidence interval (0.019, 0.053)), respectively, and by these two in serial (indirect effect: 0.021, confidence interval (0.013, 0.033)). Conclusion: Patients with heart failure who have more physical symptoms are vulnerable to the development of depression. Healthcare providers should implement interventions focused on changing illness perceptions and reducing acceptance–resignation coping to relieve depressive symptoms.
Prolonged Rest, Long-Term Dynamic Balance, and Gait in a Mouse Ankle-Sprain Model.

CONTEXT Lateral ankle sprains (LASs) result in short- and long-term adaptations in the sensorimotor system that are thought to contribute to the development of chronic ankle instability and posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis. Debate continues as to the appropriateness of rapid return to sport after LASs given the prevalence of long-term consequences. OBJECTIVE To examine the short- and long-term effects of prolonged rest, as a model of immobilization, on dynamic balance and gait outcomes after a severe LAS in a mouse model. DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. SETTING Research laboratory. INTERVENTION(S) At 7 weeks of age, 18 male mice (CBA/J) had their right anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments transected. Mice were then randomized to 1 of 3 groups representing when access to a running wheel postsurgery was gained: at 3 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Dynamic balance and spatial gait characteristics were quantified before surgery (baseline) and at 3 days and 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, and 54 weeks postinjury. RESULTS Relative to prolonged rest, resting for only 3 days resulted in worse dynamic balance during the later assessment points (42-54 weeks postinjury, P < .01). Mice that underwent a prolonged rest period of 2 weeks crossed the balance beam faster than the group that rested for only 3 days when averaged across all time points (P < .012). Spatial gait characteristics did not differ among the groups (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Relative to 3 days of rest, prolonged rest (1 and 2 weeks) after a severe LAS in mice positively affected balance. The apparent benefit of prolonged rest was noted on both dynamic-balance outcomes and performance. Stride length was not altered by the duration of rest after a surgically induced severe LAS in mice. Future research is needed to determine if these results translate to a human model.
Mitochondrial targets of metformin—Are they physiologically relevant?

Metformin is the most widely prescribed treatment of hyperglycemia and type II diabetes since 1970s. During the last 15 years, its popularity increased due to epidemiological evidence, that metformin administration reduces incidence of cancer. However, despite the ongoing effort of many researchers, the molecular mechanisms underlying antihyperglycemic or antineoplastic action of metformin remain elusive. Most frequently, metformin is associated with modulation of mitochondrial metabolism leading to lowering of blood glucose or activation of antitumorigenic pathways. Here we review the reported effects of metformin on mitochondrial metabolism and their potential relevance as effective molecular targets with beneficial therapeutic outcome.
Effects of deoxynivalenol and sodium meta-bisulphite on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs

ABSTRACT Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin synthesised by the Fusarium, is known to affect the growth of pigs. This effect can be attenuated with sodium meta-bisulphite (SBS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SBS with antioxidant blend on nutrient digestibility in pigs fed a diet contaminated naturally with DON. Six crossbred castrated pigs fitted surgically with single-T cannulas in the distal ileum received one of four barley-corn-soybean diets with or without SBS. After 8 d of feeding, faeces and ileal digesta were collected for 2 d. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of the dry matter (DM), energy, nutrients and DON, and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), energy and DON were evaluated. The AID of phosphorus, calcium and some amino acids was increased (p < 0.05) in the DON diets whereas the ATTD of DM and energy tended to decrease (p = 0.064 and p = 0.071). SBS reduced the AID of DM, energy, ADF, ether extract, phosphorus and DON (p < 0.05) but had no effect on the ATTD of DM, energy, fibre or DON. These results show that DON improved the AID of some nutrients but tended to reduce the ATTD of energy, which could explain, although anorexia is the main effect of DON on live weight gain, the reported negative effect of DON on pig growth. Finally, SBS with antioxidant blend had reduced AID of some nutrients and intestinal absorption of DON.
Neural correlates of unstructured motor behaviors

Objective. We studied the relationship between uninstructed, unstructured movements and neural activity in three epilepsy patients with intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) recordings. Approach. We used a custom system to continuously record high definition video precisely time-aligned to clinical iEEG data. From these video recordings, movement periods were annotated via semi-automatic tracking based on dense optical flow. Main results. We found that neural signal features (8–32 Hz and 76–100 Hz power) previously identified from task-based experiments are also modulated before and during a variety of movement behaviors. These movement behaviors are coarsely labeled by time period and movement side (e.g. ‘Idle’ and ‘Move’, ‘Right’ and ‘Left’); movements within a label can include a wide variety of uninstructed behaviors. A rigorous nested cross-validation framework was used to classify both movement onset and lateralization with statistical significance for all subjects. Significance. We demonstrate an evaluation framework to study neural activity related to natural movements not evoked by a task, annotated over hours of video. This work further establishes the feasibility to study neural correlates of unstructured behavior through continuous recording in the epilepsy monitoring unit. The insights gained from such studies may advance our understanding of how the brain naturally controls movement, which may inform the development of more robust and generalizable brain–computer interfaces.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal problems in laboratory technicians

Purpose. The aim of this work was to analyze the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms in laboratory technicians and their relation to personal and organizational factors, as well as the lack of specific training on work-related risks. Methods. A standardized Nordic questionnaire made for the Spanish population and a survey of sociodemographic variables and organizational aspects were applied to a sample of 460 Spanish laboratory technicians. The statistical analysis was done through R version 3.4. 3. Results. Of the sample studied, 84.5% presented some musculoskeletal discomfort, with a higher percentage in women. The probability of having discomfort was eight times higher for those older than 46 years and the most affected part of the body was the neck. The variables that were associated more significantly with the probability to suffer discomfort in the most affected parts of the body (neck, right shoulder and right wrist) were gender, education level, prevention knowledge and seniority. Conclusions. It is necessary to implement plans to train in specific risks according to the activities done by these professionals.