Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Care Management Study: Report on National Data. Mapping and Evaluation of Care Management Arrangements for Older People and Those with Mental Health Problems. Funded/commissioned by: Department of Health, Social Services Inspectorate Care Management Study

Report for the Social Services Inspectorate Care Management Study. The Department of Health has commissioned the Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU) to undertake a programme of research which provides an evaluation of the different forms, types and models of care management which have emerged for the two major service user groups: older people and those with mental health problems. The research is being undertaken in three phases: a general mapping of care management arrangements; the identification of the important aspects of different models; and the evaluation of these models. In the initial phase of the research, an overview questionnaire covering aspects of care management for all adult service user groups was sent to local authorities in England in spring 1997. The overview questionnaire was prepared in consultation with the Social Services Inspectorate (SSI) for a special study on care management, and this report focuses on the items commissioned by the SSI. Following the overview questionnaire, separate questionnaires focusing on care management arrangements for people aged 65 and over and for people with mental health problems were sent out in autumn 1997 and will be reported on at a later date.
Keratinocytes Isolated From Individual Cleft Lip/Palate Patients Display Variations in Their Differentiation Potential in vitro

To gain more understanding of the complex molecular processes underlying cleft lip/palate (CLP), we established a unique human cell bank, consisting of keratinocytes and corresponding fibroblasts from individual CLP patients as a new study tool. After their careful characterization, we used such patient-derived cell cultures as well as control keratinocytes for in vitro differentiation and proliferation assays. Foreskin-derived control cells as a group showed significant higher induction of the late differentiation markers Loricrin and Filaggrin than the group of CLP patients-derived keratinocytes. Additionally, we detected great variations between individual CLP keratinocyte cell cultures in regard to their potential to terminally differentiate as assessed by the induction of Loricrin and Filaggrin. Primary patient cell cultures that did not properly differentiate, exhibited high proliferation rates. Moreover, we could correlate the expression levels of transcription factor IRF6 to the ability of individual cell cultures to terminally differentiate. Using clinically relevant, patient-derived cells, our results suggest that some of the genetic predispositions causing CLP might also lead to deficiencies in keratinocyte differentiation manifested in in vitro assays.
FADL: Federated-Autonomous Deep Learning for Distributed Electronic Health Record

Electronic health record (EHR) data is collected by individual institutions and often stored across locations in silos. Getting access to these data is difficult and slow due to security, privacy, regulatory, and operational issues. We show, using ICU data from 58 different hospitals, that machine learning models to predict patient mortality can be trained efficiently without moving health data out of their silos using a distributed machine learning strategy. We propose a new method, called Federated-Autonomous Deep Learning (FADL) that trains part of the model using all data sources in a distributed manner and other parts using data from specific data sources. We observed that FADL outperforms traditional federated learning strategy and conclude that balance between global and local training is an important factor to consider when design distributed machine learning methods , especially in healthcare.
Bottom-up and Top-down processing

This paper discusses different models of the reading process, with a particular reference to reading in a foreign language. It challenges the prevalent view in EFL of reading as a top-down process. It focuses on the importance of bottom-up processes of decoding and word identification, suggesting that teachers need to focus on ways in which automaticity of bottom-up processes can be developed in order to help their learners become more efficient readers.
The Vaccine Controversy

While millions of Americans receive vaccinations each year, a vocal segment of the population is opposed to all immunizations—some even refusing to get mandated vaccinations for their children. In The Vaccine Controversy, Dr. Kurt Link—a specialist in internal medicine—explores that paradox and provides a history of vaccine development, including such possible future vaccines as those being developed in the hope of immunizing against HIV. A strong supporter of vaccination programs, Link explains the immune system and how it works, as well as outlining the various types of vaccines (including the efficacy and potential toxicity of each). Appendices spell out current medical recommendations for vaccines, describe the legal issues involved in decisions to vaccinate or not, and explain the workings of clinical trials where work is done to determine if a vaccine is effective or not, or has any remarkable side effects. Millions of Americans are vaccinated each year, whether they are elders looking to avoid bouts of influenza or children whose parents want to protect them from potentially deadly childhood diseases. Still, there remains a vocal segment of the population in opposition to all immunization, some even refusing to get mandated vaccinations for their children. Here, a specialist of internal medicine explores that paradox. Dr. Link explains the immune system and how it works, as well as the history of vaccine development, and the various types of vaccines including the efficacy and potential toxicity of each. A physician for more than 35 years, Link also spotlights possible future vaccines, such as those being developed in the hope of immunizing against HIV. Appendices to this work spell out current medical recommendations for vaccines, describe the legal issues involved in decisions to vaccinate or not, and explain the workings of clinical trials where work is done to determine if a vaccine is effective or not, or has any remarkable side effects. A strong supporter of vaccination programs, Link says that all people should understand the powers, limitations and risk of immunization.
The Role Of Connexin 40 In Susceptibility To Secondary Lymphedema Following Breast Cancer Treatment

Approximately 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetime; however, continuing advances in the field of medicine have increased the expected survival rate. With such an increase in survival rate among breast cancer patients, there has been a recent emphasis on quality of life post-surgery. One of the most feared complications following breast cancer surgery is the development of lymphedema. Approximately 20-30% of women treated for breast cancer are affected by the onset of secondary lymphedema. Unfortunately, there is no cure and only a portion of women witness improvements in arm symptoms from the available treatments. Currently, there is no accepted model to successfully predict which women are at higher risk for development of lymphedema post treatment. An individual’s genotype as an identified risk factor is not typically considered when studying patient specific risk information. Since treatment for lymphedema is most successful when initiated early, identification of high risk women through detection of genetic risk factors can aid in early diagnosis, improved treatment outcome, and even prevention which is significant to the field of public health. Mutations in the HGF and MET genes had been previously identified in breast cancer secondary lymphedema patients suggesting the possibility of a genetic predisposition to development of lymphedema. More recently, findings of mutations in the connexin 47 (GJA12/GJC2) gene in breast cancer secondary lymphedema patients confirmed a genetic predisposition. There are several connexins expressed in lymphatics and further investigation of their involvement with lymphedema onset is warranted. The purpose of this study is to continue the investigation of the connexin genes and their involvement in secondary lymphedema. This is a case-control study designed to sequence the connexin 40 (GJA5) gene in women treated for breast cancer with and without a diagnosis of secondary lymphedema. In this study, 91 cases and 168 controls were sequenced for the connexin 40 gene. No previously unidentified connexin 40 mutations were found in this cohort of women analyzed. Despite no mutations being identified in connexin 40, further studies of the connexin genes are warranted given their expression and involvement in the lymphatic system.
The hand hygiene knowledge, beliefs, practices and education of healthcare students

Background: Adherence to hand hygiene (HH) guidelines reduces the incidence of hospital-acquired infection, however, little research has been conducted on factors that influence healthcare students' HH practices. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 1721 nursing and medical students from 20 universities in Australia, Sweden, Greece and Italy to determine their HH knowledge, beliefs, practices, education and assessment. Results: The mean score on the HH quiz was 66%. Self-reported HH compliance was 86%. Knowledge scores were significantly influenced by the frequency of HH assessment and the number of methods used to teach HH (p = .04). HH practices were significantly influenced by HH beliefs, knowledge, the frequency of assessment, number of teaching methods used, perceptions of the importance of HH as an infection control measure and the importance given to HH in the curriculum (p < .01). Hand hygiene beliefs were significantly influenced by HH knowledge, and by students' perceptions of the importance given to HH in the curriculum, by supervisors and facilities, and the importance of HH as an infection control measure (p < .01). Conclusions: There was room for improvement in healthcare students' HH knowledge, particularly in relation to the use of alcohol-based hand rubs.
Experience Replay for Continual Learning

Continual learning is the problem of learning new tasks or knowledge while protecting old knowledge and ideally generalizing from old experience to learn new tasks faster. Neural networks trained by stochastic gradient descent often degrade on old tasks when trained successively on new tasks with different data distributions. This phenomenon, referred to as catastrophic forgetting, is considered a major hurdle to learning with non-stationary data or sequences of new tasks, and prevents networks from continually accumulating knowledge and skills. We examine this issue in the context of reinforcement learning, in a setting where an agent is exposed to tasks in a sequence. Unlike most other work, we do not provide an explicit indication to the model of task boundaries, which is the most general circumstance for a learning agent exposed to continuous experience. While various methods to counteract catastrophic forgetting have recently been proposed, we explore a straightforward, general, and seemingly overlooked solution - that of using experience replay buffers for all past events - with a mixture of on- and off-policy learning, leveraging behavioral cloning. We show that this strategy can still learn new tasks quickly yet can substantially reduce catastrophic forgetting in both Atari and DMLab domains, even matching the performance of methods that require task identities. When buffer storage is constrained, we confirm that a simple mechanism for randomly discarding data allows a limited size buffer to perform almost as well as an unbounded one.
DISCOVERING EDUCATIONAL VALUE OF INTERACTIVE ANNOTATED EXAMPLES IN A BUSINESS PROGRAMMING COURSE

In this paper, researchers report the results of a study of interactive annotated examples (IAEs) in the context of a business programming course. Using code examples is a key element in most course that cover programming, and providing students with asneeded assistance in the form of code annotations is extremely beneficial. In this experiment, a set of nonmandatory examples were made available to students for self-study. Students were able to access the examples at their own pace on their own time. This study confirms results from previous studies that student browsing of annotated coding examples by them to develop programming skill more readily. This paper contributes to the literature on programming pedagogy and traits of successful student.
Experimental and computational study of vehicle surface contamination on a generic bluff body

This paper focuses on methods used to model vehicle surface contamination arising as a result of rear wake aerodynamics. Besides being unsightly, contamination, such as self-soiling from rear tyre spray, can degrade the performance of lighting, rear view cameras and obstruct visibility through windows. In order to accurately predict likely contamination patterns, it is necessary to consider the aerodynamics and multiphase spray processes together. This paper presents an experimental and numerical (CFD) investigation of the phenomenon. The experimental study investigates contamination with controlled conditions in a wind tunnel using a generic bluff body (the Windsor model.) Contamination is represented by a water spray located beneath the rear of the vehicle. The aim is to investigate the fundamentals of contamination in a case where both flow field and contamination patterns can be measured, and also to provide validation of modelling techniques in a case where flow and spray conditions are known. CFD results were obtained using both steady RANS and unsteady URANS solvers, combined with particle tracking methods. Steady RANS does not capture the wake structures accurately and this affects the contamination prediction. URANS is able to recover the large-scale wake unsteadiness seen in the experimental data, but the difference between the experimental and computational contamination distributions is still notable. The CFD is also able to provide further insight by showing the behaviour of particles of different sizes. Large particles are found to take on a ballistic trajectory and penetrate the wake. In contrast, small particles are shown to be less likely to become entrained into the wake.
Constructing summary statistics for approximate Bayesian computation: semi‐automatic approximate Bayesian computation

Summary. Many modern statistical applications involve inference for complex stochastic models, where it is easy to simulate from the models, but impossible to calculate likelihoods. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) is a method of inference for such models. It replaces calculation of the likelihood by a step which involves simulating artificial data for different parameter values, and comparing summary statistics of the simulated data with summary statistics of the observed data. Here we show how to construct appropriate summary statistics for ABC in a semi‐automatic manner. We aim for summary statistics which will enable inference about certain parameters of interest to be as accurate as possible. Theoretical results show that optimal summary statistics are the posterior means of the parameters. Although these cannot be calculated analytically, we use an extra stage of simulation to estimate how the posterior means vary as a function of the data; and we then use these estimates of our summary statistics within ABC. Empirical results show that our approach is a robust method for choosing summary statistics that can result in substantially more accurate ABC analyses than the ad hoc choices of summary statistics that have been proposed in the literature. We also demonstrate advantages over two alternative methods of simulation‐based inference.
Influence of Active Learning on Undergraduate Students’ Achievements in and Attitudes Towards Simple Electric Circuits in Physics

Bu calismada yaparak yasayarak ogrencinin bilgiyi kendisinin yapilandirmasini saglayan aktif ogrenme yonteminin fizik dersi basit elektrik devreleri konusundaki basari ve tutumuna etkisi incelenmektedir. Arastirma bir devlet universitesinin Bilgisayar ve Ogretim Teknolojileri Egitimi Bolumunde ogrenim goren 28 ogrenci ile Fizik dersi Basit Elektrik Devreleri konusu kapsaminda testlerin toplanma sureci dâhil olmak uzere 5 haftalik sure boyunca yurutulmustur. 3 hafta toplam 9 saat uygulama surecinde Basit Elektrik Devreleri konusu, ogrencilere verilen problemlerin cozumu icin Scratch programlama ortaminda kendi kodlamalariyla gelistirdikleri simulasyon benzeri etkinlikler araciligiyla ogretilmeye calisilmistir. Calismada veri toplama araci olarak Erdal TAŞLIDERE ve Ali ERYILMAZ tarafindan gelistirilen “Basit Elektrik Devreleri Konusuna Yonelik Tutum Olcegi”, arastirmacinin gelistirdigi Basit Elektrik Devreleri Basari Testi ve yari yapilandirilmis gorusme formu ile veriler toplanmistir. Arastirmada elde edilen nicel verilerin analizinde parametrik test tekniklerinden iliskili t-testi, nitel verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz kullanilmis tir. Calismada elde edilen bulgular neticesinde Scratch programlama ortami kullanilarak gerceklestirilen aktif ogrenme ortaminin, ogrencilerin Basit Elektrik Devreleri basarilarini artirmada onemli etkiye sahip oldugu, tutum olcegi on test ve son test puanlari arasinda anlamli bir farklilik olmadigi gorulmustur. Yari yapilandirilmis gorusmelerde ogrenenlerle gerceklestirilen aktif ogrenme yonteminin gorsel icerikler barindirarak kalici ogrenmeyi destekledigi, ogrenmeyi somutlastirdigi, eglenceli hale getirdigi ve bu yontemle ders islenmesinin yayginlastirilmasi gerektigi sonuclarina ulasilmistir.
Physiology of aerobic fitness/endurance.

: Aerobic fitness and aerobic endurance are two separate components of aerobic metabolism. Aerobic fitness, best measured by VO2max, is a measure of oxygen transport and utilization. Aerobic endurance is not measured in a VO2max test because it does not measure the ability of the muscle to perform prolonged work. Endurance fitness may be a complementary measurement to VO2max, providing additional information regarding the capacity of the muscle for long-term work. The muscle is the primary site where increases in mitochondrial enzymes improve aerobic endurance capacity. Aerobic endurance may be more closely related to health-related fitness than aerobic fitness. conditioning must be specific to the sport or activity, progressing from general aerobic fitness in the off-season to sport-specific aerobic fitness/endurance during the playing season. Aerobic fitness/endurance decreases rapidly with detraining. Adequate, aerobic fitness/ endurance specific to a particular sport may help prevent injury in terms of delaying fatigue and improving the strength of the tendons and ligaments. A properly initiated sport-specific aerobic conditioning program is essential for maximal performance to be reached in most any sport.
INCIDENCE OF SEVERE GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (G6PD) DEFICIENCY IN COUNTRYSIDE VILLAGES OF THE CENTRAL CITY OF MANISA, TURKEY

Aim: The primary objective of this study was to determine the incidence of severe G6PD deficiency in selected countryside villages of central city of Manisa in Turkey. Secondarily to inform and protect G6PD deficient people from acute hemolytic crisis and neonatal jaundice by delivery of the updated protective food and drug list prepared in the light of the WHO- G6PD Working Committe reports. Methods: In this study, the incidence of severe G6PD deficiency were screened by Beutler\'s Fluorescence Spot test among 1604 people living in the contryside villages of central city of Manisa in Turkey. Results: Thirty five out of 1604 tested people were found to have severe G6PD deficiency. The incidence of severe G6PD deficiency were 2.2 % in sampled population. There was a difference for the incidence between male (3.2%) and female (1.14%) as expected due to X-linked heritance. There was no significant differences in the prevalence of severe G6PD deficiency between the countryside villages connected to central city of Manisa. Conclusion: The high incidence of severe G6PD deficiency implies that this inherited metabolite disorder is an important health problem in Manisa region and it is necessary to carry out large-scale screening in the whole population since severe- full G6PD deficiency related health problems are preventable. For this reason it must be included in the pool of genetic screening tests in regional health policy. Key words: Severe G6PD deficiency, fluorescence spot test, acute hemolytic anemia, Manisa, Turkey.
Chinese College Students ’ Competence in Expressing Chinese Culture in Intercultural Communication

The present study explored current Chinese college students’ expressiveness of Chinese culture as well as intercultural communicative sensitivity in intercultural communication. 152 First-year undergraduate nonEnglish majors of academic year 2012-2013 in a prestigious university participated in the research. A triangulation of instruments was used to collect data in the present research: surveys, reflective journals and semi-structured interviews. The findings of the research were: (1) the overall participants’ intercultural sensitivity level was slightly above the medium. (2) All students agreed the expressiveness of Chinese culture in intercultural communication was very important, however, most of them believed that they had difficulties in expressing Chinese culture in intercultural communication. (3) When facing the difficulties in expressing home culture in English, more than 62.5% of the students would try to explain it in different ways, while 24.3% of them would choose to switch the topic. (4) The majority of the students held that lack of vocabulary and translation proficiency were the leading factors that influenced their expressiveness of Chinese culture.
Sociocultural and geographical disparities in child immunization in Nepal.

Universal child immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases is recognized as one of the most cost-effective ways of reducing infant/child mortality in developing countries. However a considerable proportion of children living in many developing countries are deprived of receiving a complete course of immunization. In an effort to understand the key determinants of low prevalence of childhood immunization previous studies have primarily focused on household structures; household economic resources; parental (particularly maternal) education; community contexts such as access to health services community social structure and rural-urban residence; access to health infrastructures and insurance and political institutional and organizational factors as potential determinants. These studies have focused on Africa (e.g. Jamaica Trinidad and Tobago) Central America (e.g. Guatemala) and North America and do not reflect the relevance of sociocultural backgrounds and geographical disparities existing in Nepal. (excerpt)