Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of municipal solid waste generation and composition at administrative building cafe in Universiti Putra Malaysia: a case study

Increasing solid waste is one of the most crucial environmental problems in Malaysia. Improper management of solid waste will cause many problems. Increasing solid waste, lack of segregation from the source, and lack of knowledge and awareness about recycling have only worsened the problem. Knowledge of solid waste generation and composition is necessary for accurate decision making in the management strategy of municipal solid waste. The objectives of this study were to measure solid waste generation and analyse and compare the composition of solid waste in two different cafes at Universiti Putra Malaysia. Solid waste samples were collected every day except for Saturdays and Sundays over a three-week period and were sorted and classified into several weighed compositions such as food waste, plastic, paper, aluminium cans, glass, metal, textiles, wood, and more. Results showed that total municipal solid waste generated during three weeks of sampling at Forestry cafe and Park View cafe were 325.75 kg, or an average of 21.72 kg/day, and 2979.70 kg, or 198.65 kg/day, respectively. There is significant difference in data collection between the two locations. From the result, it shows that organic waste was the main component in municipal solid waste composition for both cafes, where it is 81% for Forestry Cafe and 96% for Park View Cafe, followed by the other compositions. The high organic waste indicates the necessity for frequent collection and removal, as well as having a good prospect for organic waste recycling through composting. Based on this information, a proper waste management system can be introduced to treat the solid waste more efficiently.
Grouper Density and Diversity at Two Sites in the Republic of Maldives

The density and diversity of shallow-water groupers at Gaagandu, North Male Atoll and Olhugiri, Thaa Atoll, Republic of Maldives was enumerated using visual transects. Four different habitat types were surveyed: reef lagoon, reef crest, reef slope, and a welldeveloped lagoonal reef. Twenty-two species in seven genera were recorded. Median densities ranged from 7 to 23 grouper 240 m-'. At Gaagandu Island, the reef slope was repeatedly sampled using 20-m belt transects to estimate the efficiency and accuracy of the sampling methodology. Fifteen transects were necessary to estimate the median density of all species within 10% of the reference value and to develop a species list containing 80% of the total number of species observed. The species observed varied in their degree of site attachment. Those species which were most closely tied to their habitat exhibited clumped spatial distributions while those species which 'roamed' over large areas had random spatial distributions. The number of transects necessary to adequatel y characterize the median density of a species was related to the degree of clumping in its spatial distribution.
Inner Dialogue Reading Behaviors and Student Comprehension of Texts

This study examines the use of inner dialogue reading behaviors by third grade students who achieve high scores on commercial reading assessments. The study looks at one class of third grade students in Western New York, and comparatively analyzes their self-reported use of reading behaviors in relation to their achieved scores on the Next Step in Guided Reading (GRA) commercial reading assessment. The researcher collected qualitative data from the participants using results from the administered GRA assessment, structured verbal interviews, and participants’ written responses in their weekly Independent Reading Logs. Conclusions for participants who scored highly on commercial reading assessments include the following: 1. High scoring participants use a variety of reading behaviors as part of a focused and on-going inner dialogue that takes place during the reading process; 2. High scoring participants understand that comprehending text requires cognitive processing beyond decoding words accurately; and 3. High scoring participants understand reading to be a process of gathering and conveying information and ideas. In effect, they view reading as being disintermediated from the physical medium of the printed text itself. For them, reading is a process of making meaning and understanding an author’s perspective or intent. This is different from participants who did not score as highly on commercial reading assessments, who viewed decoding accuracy as the primary function of reading. Implications of this research include the need for equal focus on both decoding and comprehension reading instruction in the classroom; and explicit instruction on the successful use of inner dialogue reading behaviors to support and enhance reading comprehension. INNER DIALOGUE READING BEHAVIORS AND COMPREHENSION 3
Smallholder farmers adoption of technologies for adaptation to climate change in Northern Ghana

Climate change introduces numerous uncertainties in the livelihoods of farming communities that depend heavily on the weather and climate. Technologies have been developed to help smallholder farmers better adapt to the changing climatic conditions. This study seeks to determine the factors that influence the adoption of climate related technologies introduced by research institutions. A Multinomial Logit Model was estimated using data from 320 households in Northern Ghana. The empirical results reveal that sex, age, farm size, access to formal agricultural extension, agro ecology and noticing of unpredictable temperatures were the factors influencing farmers’ adoption of a climate related strategies introduced by research institutions. The empirical results imply that targeting females, increasing access to agricultural extension services and creating more awareness about changes in temperatures are important in promoting the adoption of climate related technologies introduced by research. Key words: Adoption, climate change, technologies, multinomial logit, Northern Ghana.
On the Hardness of the Quantum Separability Problem and the Global Power of Locally Invariant Unitary Operations

Given a bipartite density matrix ρ of a quantum state, the Quantum Separability problem (QUSEP) asks — is ρ entangled, or separable? In this thesis, we first strengthen Gurvits’ 2003 NP-hardness result for QUSEP by showing that the Weak Membership problem over the set of separable bipartite quantum states is strongly NP-hard, meaning it is NP-hard even when the error margin is as large as inverse polynomial in the dimension, i.e. is “moderately large”. Previously, this NPhardness was known only to hold in the case of inverse exponential error. We observe the immediate implication of NP-hardness of the Weak Membership problem over the set of entanglement-breaking maps, as well as lower bounds on the maximum (Euclidean) distance possible between a bound entangled state and the separable set of quantum states (assuming P 6= NP ). We next investigate the entanglement-detecting capabilities of locally invariant unitary operations, as proposed by Fu in 2006. Denoting the subsystems of ρ as A and B, such that ρB = TrA(ρ), a locally invariant unitary operation U B is one with the property UρBU B† = ρB. We investigate the maximum shift (in Euclidean distance) inducible in ρ by applying I⊗U, over all locally invariant choices of U. We derive closed formulae for this quantity for three cases of interest: (pseudo)pure quantum states of arbitrary dimension, Werner states of arbitrary dimension, and two-qubit states. Surprisingly, similar to recent anomalies detected for non-locality measures, the first of these formulae demonstrates the existence of non-maximally entangled states attaining shifts as large as maximally entangled ones. Using the latter of these formulae, we demonstrate for certain classes of two-qubit states an equivalence between the Fu criterion and the CHSH inequality. Among other results, we investigate the ability of locally invariant unitary operations to detect bound entanglement.
Numerical investigation of laminar mixing in a coaxial microreactor

This paper reports on a lattice Boltzmann simulation of laminar mixing in a coaxial microreactor at low Reynolds numbers. The main focus of the study was to compare the effectiveness of a multi-holed baffle plate, a set of $2 \,{\times}\, 2$ square bars, and a flat-plate arrangement on the enhancement of reagent mixing inside the reactor. It was found that all three mixers increased mixing through the mechanism of generating coherent structures, which in turn increased interface contact between the fluid streams. However, for this particular microreactor, the efficiency of each mixer depended on its ability to generate coherent structures with high helicity and thereby inducing a swirl motion to the flow.
Otolith morphometry and population parameters of red porgy, Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Saros Bay (North Aegean Sea).

Bu calismada, Kuzey Ege Denizi’nde (Saroz Korfezi) Fangri baliginin toplam boy (TL) ile toplam agirlik (TW) arasindaki iliski, yas, buyume ve otolit boyu (OL) - otolit agirligi (OW), balik boyu (TL) - otolit boyu (OL), balik agirligi (TW) - otolit boyu (OL), otolit boyu (OL) - otolit genisligi (OWi) arasindaki morfometrik iliskiler incelenmistir. Toplam 100 adet balik uzerinde yapilan olcumlerde minimum boy 9,6 cm, maksimum boy 44,4 cm; minimum agirlik 17,1 g, maksimum agirlik 1372,5 g olarak tespit edilmistir. Otolit agirligi minimum 0,0181 g, maksimum 0,1456 g; otolit boyu minimum 0,52 cm, maksimum 1,17 cm olarak olculmustur. Boy-agirlik iliskisi TW=0,021*TL2,885 (r2=0,98), otolit boyu - otolit agirligi OW=0,105*OL2,609 (r2=0,92), toplam boy - otolit boyu OL=0,024*TL+0,249 (r2=0,83) otolit boyu - toplam agirlik OL=0,235*TW0,237 (r2=0,81) otolit boyu - otolit genisligi OWi=0.501*OL+0.116 (r2=0.832) iliskileri tespit edilmistir. En buyuk yas 9 olarak belirlenmis, von Bertalanffy buyume parametreleri L∞=51,59 cm, K=0,12 yil-1ve t0= -1,13 yil olarak hesaplanmistir
D. A. SKOBIR: HIGH-STRENGTH LOW-ALLOY (HSLA) STEELS

Micro-alloyed, high-strength, low-alloy (HSLA) steels are important structural materials and contain small amounts of alloying elements, such as niobium, titanium, vanadium, and aluminium, which enhance the strength through the formation of stable carbides, nitrides or carbonitrides and have an effect on the hardenability. Such steels contain less than 0.1 % of the alloying additions, used individually or in combination. Yield strength increments of two or three times that of plain carbon-manganese steel can be attained. Nowadays, also micro-alloyed cast steels have found many applications in the manufacturing of industrial parts that used to be produced by more expensive manufacturing processes.
A Survey of Institutional Investors' Attitudes and Perceptions of Residential Property: The Swiss, Dutch and Swedish Cases

This paper provides evidence about institutional investors' attitudes and perceptions of residential property as an investment asset group in three European countries (Switzerland, the Netherlands and Sweden). These countries stand out, with an extraordinarily large institutional residential ownership, in fact, residential institutional allocation represents about 6 per cent, 2 per cent and 3 per cent of the total institutional investment in Switzerland, the Netherlands and Sweden, respectively. Housing is the most important institutional property asset type in Switzerland and the Netherlands, comprising over 52 per cent and 50 per cent of their institutional property portfolios, respectively. In Sweden residential property plays an important, but not dominant role in the domestic institutional property portfolios, representing about 21 per cent of the institutional property holdings. Using a postal survey of representatives of pension funds, insurance companies, property investment and asset management companies the study analyses the attractiveness of residential property in terms of institutional investment goals. The survey examines the institutional investors' perceptions of housing investment, namely with respect to its returns, volatility, inflation hedging, liabilities matching and correlation with shares, bonds and non-residential property. Additionally, the survey looks at the institutional investors' experiences regarding the private rented sector. The survey suggests that investment in residential property equity is likely to be done through larger portfolios, which tend to invest in housing directly. Residential property is seen mainly as an earning asset group able to provide diversification benefits for investors even when portfolios already include non-residential property. The respondents are mainly concerned with rent regulation issues, the lack of well-structured investment vehicles is undoubtedly a less important problem.
Perceived Constraints in Buffalo Milk Production

The present study was undertaken to get insight into the constraints faced by the buffalo farmers in milk production in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu. Purposive sampling technique was used for selecting Karamadi and Anamalai block of Coimbatore District on the basis of considerable number of farmers who are in the banks of these two blocks are having buffalo farming as a livestock along with agriculture. From the selected blocks, Periya Thottipalayam, China Thottipalayam, Therampalayam and Bellathi villages from Karamadai taluk, Somandurai Chitoor, Thensangam palayam, Anamalai and Kottur villages from Anamalai taluk were randomly selected for the study. From each village, twenty five farmers were selected randomly for the study to arrive a total sample size of 200. A semi structured interview schedule was used to collect the data. The statistical tool like Garrett ranking technique was used to rank the constraints perceived based on its seriousness by buffalo farmers. In this study, the constraints was studied under eight categories namely Socio-economic, Breeding, Feeding, Management, Health care, Technological and Marketing. The findings of the study revealed that the respondents perceived the problems in buffalo breeding as their most important constraint in buffalo farming and assigned an overall Garrett mean score of 69.58 and it was ranked as “1” followed by constraints in feeding (58.20) ranked as “II” and marketing (56.41) ranked as “III”. With pertaining to marketing constraints un remunerative price for the milk was the top ranked constraint (57.22) opined by the respondents followed by exploitation by the middle men (55.17), distance to the milk societies (53.50), problems in milk transportation (51.16) and lack of awareness in marketing strategy (49.33). The present study concludes that buffalo farmers must be educated about animal husbandry practices and be made aware about corrective measures for tackling of these problems.
An Analysis of the Subjective Socioeconomic Scale among Hispanic Immigrants and Caucasians

AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUBJECTIVE SOCIOECONOMIC SCALE AMONG HISPANIC IMMIGRANTS AND CAUCASIANS Mathew G. Bowden Department of Psychology Master of Science Subjective socioeconomic status (SES) has previously been shown to be correlated with a large number of health measures. In this study, the subjective SES measure is modified and translated to measure childhood SES. The subjective SES scale is examined in a participant’s hometown, community, and nation. Both an immigrant Hispanic and a Caucasian sample were studied (31 Hispanic males; 42 Hispanic females; 38 Caucasian males, 40 Caucasians females). Childhood SES was the most significant predictor of self-reported health in both sample groups.
Numerical analysis, design and tests of MINIGENERATOR

Přispěvek přinasi výsledky analýzy vibracniho generatoru. Text přinasi navrh konstrukce vibracniho generatoru, který je pouit jako zdroj energie pro napajeni nezavislých elektrických obvodů. Vibracni generator můe být pouit v mnoha oblastech jako je napřiklad doprava, elektronika, specialni stroje , robotika. Předkladaný navrh vyuiva magneticke tlumeni pohybu jadra. To bylo numericky vyhodnoceno a ukazalo se, e lze ziskat větsi výstupni napěti , jak bylo dřive publikovano (1). Abstract- The paper presents results of the analysis of the vibrational generator. The paper deals with the design of a vibrational generator that is used as a power supply for independent electric circuits. The vibrational generator can be used in the various areas, e.g. traffic, electronics, special-purpose machines, and robotics. The proposed design employs magnetic damping of the core movement. It was numerically evaluated and it was shown that it was possible to obtain significantly larger output voltage and output power than in experimental settings used previously (1).
Simulation of Particle Trajectories in a Vortex-Induced Flow: Application to Seed-Dependent Flow Measurement Techniques

The trajectories of heavy particles (ρparticle/ρfluid>>1) are simulated in a two-dimensional free vortex flow. The results show that heavy particles, even with small diameters, cannot properly trace the fluid and develop a centrifugal motion. This behaviour leads to a rapid depletion of particles in the vortex core, which, in seed-dependent measurements such as particle image velocimetry (PIV) or laser Doppler velocimetry, produces a marked increase in measurement errors. Some examples are given and the evolution of the local concentration of particles is simulated. Synthetic images have been generated using the information about its motion in a two-dimensional free vortex flow. A wing-tip vortex is simulated, showing good agreement with experimental results present in the literature. Standard PIV measurements have been performed over the synthetic images, showing the effect of core depletion of particles on the incidence of erroneous measurements.
Synthesis and crystal chemistry of Fe3+-bearing (Mg,Fe)(Si,Fe)O3 perovskite

We have synthesized magnesium-iron silicate perovskites with the general formula Mg1–xFe x+ySi1–y O3, in which the iron cation is exclusively trivalent. To investigate the crystal chemistry of Fe3+-bearing perovskite, six samples (both with and without Al) were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe, X-ray diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Results indicate that Fe3+ substitutes significantly into both the octahedral and dodecahedral sites in the orthorhombic perovskite structure, but prefers the octahedral site at Fe3+ concentrations between 0.04 and 0.05 Fe per formula unit, and the dodecahedral site at higher Fe3+ concentrations. We propose a model in which Fe3+ in the A/B site (in excess of that produced by charge coupled substitution) is accommodated by Mg/O vacancies. Hyperfine parameters refined from the Mössbauer spectra also indicate that a portion of dodecahedral sites undergo significant structural distortion. The presence of Fe3+ in the perovskite structure increases the unit-cell volume substantially compared to either the Mg end-member, or Fe2+-bearing perovskite, and the addition of Al did not significantly alter the volume. Implications for increased compressibility and a partially suppressed spin transition of Fe3+ in lower mantle perovskite are also discussed.
Difference in state cigarette excise tax rates: a look into the prominence of tax avoidance behavior

I analyze the impact of differences in the cigarette excise tax rates of bordering states on the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes in the home state. Using unique county-level data on the sales tax revenues collected from Kansas tobacco sellers by industry type provided by the Kansas Department of Revenue, as well as data on cigarette excise tax rates, distance to Kansas’ borders, and the combined state and county sales tax rate, I examine the determinants of tobacco sales tax revenue using a fixed effects model. The analysis allows me to infer cigarette demand effects, and I find that the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes in Kansas becomes significantly more elastic closer to a low tax border. Model estimates for gas stations with convenience stores and tobacco retailers suggest that a Kansas cigarette excise tax decrease would result in more sales tax revenue on average for counties within 50 miles of a low tax Kansas border, ceteris paribus.
Phylogeographic analysis of North American populations of the parasitic herbaceous plant Monotropa hypopitys L. reveals a complex history of range expansion from multiple late glacial refugia

Aim We carried out a phylogeographic study across the range of the herbaceous plant species Monotropa hypopitys L. in North America to determine whether its current disjunct distribution is due to recolonization from separate eastern and western refugia after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).
ANTHRAQUINONE AND TWEEN 20 BASED KRAFT PULPING TECHNOLOGY FOR L. LEUCOCEPHALA AND C. EQUISETIFOLIA

The effects of addition of anthraquinone (AQ) and surfactant (Tween 20) individually and in combination were evaluated in kraft pulping of L. leucocephala and C. equisetifolia . The addition of AQ at a dose of 0.05% in combination with 0.05% Tween 20 increased the screened pulp yield by 4.3% and reduced the screening rejects and the pulp kappa number by 1.8% and 4.2 units respectively, for L. leucocephala . For C. equisetifolia kraft pulping, the optimum dose of AQ and Tween 20 combination is 0.05 and 0.1%, and the respective increase in screened pulp yield is 4.9% along with an associated decrease in screening rejects and pulp kappa number by 3.7% and 5.1 units, as compared to control.
High‐performance bulk and thin‐film microstrip transmission lines on VLSI‐standard Si substrates

Microstrip transmission lines with very low power loss of 0.4 dB/mm at 50 GHz have been fabricated on Si substrates using an optimized ion‐implantation process. These devices have the inherent advantages of smaller chip size and better power performance than CPW lines. Using the same approach, high‐performance thin‐film microstrip lines are also developed, showing a loss of 0.9 dB/mm at 20 GHz. This approach is compatible with existing VLSI backend layout technology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 148–151, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20404
Detection of Intracellular Adhesion (ica) Gene and Biofilm Formation Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Clinical Blood Cultures

Article type: Background: In fact the biofilms are composed of bacterial cells living in Original Article multicellular structures such as tissues and organs embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Ability to attach and biofilm Article history: formation are the most important virulence factors Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Received: 13 Feb 2014 The aims of this study were to detect intracellular adhesion (ica) locus and its relation Revised: 03 Mar 2014 to the biofilm formation phenotype in clinical isolates of S. aureus isolated from blood Accepted: 11 Mar 2014 cultures. Methods: A total of 31 clinical S. aureus isolates were collected from Loghman