Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Orbital origin of the electrical conduction in ferromagnetic atomic-size contacts : Insights from shot noise measurements and theoretical simulations

With the goal of elucidating the nature of spin-dependent electronic transport in ferromagnetic atomic contacts, we present here a combined experimental and theoretical study of the conductance and shot noise of metallic atomic contacts made of the $3d$ ferromagnetic materials Fe, Co, and Ni. For comparison, we also present the corresponding results for the noble metal Cu. Conductance and shot noise measurements, performed using a low-temperature break-junction setup, show that in these ferromagnetic nanowires, (i) there is no conductance quantization of any kind, (ii) transport is dominated by several partially open conduction channels, even in the case of single-atom contacts, and (iii) the Fano factor of large contacts saturates to values that clearly differ from those of monovalent (nonmagnetic) metals. We rationalize these observations with the help of a theoretical approach that combines molecular dynamics simulations to describe the junction formation with nonequilibrium Green's function techniques to compute the transport properties within the Landauer-B\"uttiker framework. Our theoretical approach successfully reproduces all the basic experimental results and it shows that all the observations can be traced back to the fact that the $d$ bands of the minority-spin electrons play a fundamental role in the transport through ferromagnetic atomic-size contacts. These $d$ bands give rise to partially open conduction channels for any contact size, which in turn lead naturally to the different observations described above. Thus, the transport picture for these nanoscale ferromagnetic wires that emerges from the ensemble of our results is clearly at variance with the well established conduction mechanism that governs the transport in macroscopic ferromagnetic wires, where the $d$ bands are responsible for the magnetism but do not take part in the charge flow. These insights provide a fundamental framework for ferromagnetic-based spintronics at the nanoscale.
The Relationship Between Kinematic Determinants of Jump and Sprint Performance in Division I Women Soccer Players

McCurdy, KW, Walker, JL, Langford, GA, Kutz, MR, Guerrero, JM, and McMillan, J. The relationship between kinematic determinants of jump and sprint performance in Division I women soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 24(12): 3200-3208, 2010-The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between measures of unilateral and bilateral jumping performance and 10- and 25-m sprint performance. Fifteen division I women soccer players (height 165 ± 2.44 cm, mass 61.65 ± 7.7 kg, age 20.19 ± 0.91 years) volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects completed a 10- and 25-m sprint test. The following jump kinematic variables were measured using accelerometry: sprint time, step length, step frequency, jump height and distance, contact time, concentric contact time, and flight time (Inform Sport Training Systems, Victoria, BC, Canada). The following jumps were completed in random order: bilateral countermovement vertical jump, bilateral countermovement horizontal jump, bilateral 40-cm drop vertical jump, bilateral 40-cm drop horizontal jump, unilateral countermovement vertical jump (UCV), unilateral countermovement horizontal jump, unilateral 20-cm drop vertical jump (UDV), and unilateral 20-cm drop horizontal jump (UDH). The trial with the best jump height or distance, reactive strength (jump height or distance/total contact time), and flight time to concentric contact time ratio (FT/CCT) was recorded to analyze the relationship between jump kinematics and sprint performance. None of the bilateral jump kinematics significantly correlated with 10- and 25-m sprint time, step length, or step frequency. Right-leg jump height (r = −0.71, p = 0.006, SEE = 0.152 seconds), FT/CCT (r = −0.58, p = 0.04, SEE = 0.176 seconds), and combined right and left-leg jump height (r = −0.61) were significantly correlated with the 25-m sprint time during the UCV. Right-leg FT/CCT was also significantly related to 25-m step length (r = 0.68, p = 0.03, SEE = 0.06 m) during the UDV. The combined right and left leg jump distance to standing height ratio during the UDH significantly correlated (r = −0.58) with 10-m sprint time. In comparison to bilateral jumps, unilateral jumps produced a stronger relationship with sprint performance.
Improving Mobile Money Security with Two-Factor Authentication

Security is a leading factor for establishing and maintaining customer trust in mobile money services (MMSs). MMSs in Tanzania rely on the use of Personal Identification Number (PIN) as an authentication method. However, a PIN can be easily guessed, forged or misused. This paper explores security challenges in MMSs and weaknesses associated with the current Mobile Money Authentication (MMA) method. Further, the study proposes the use of two-factor authentication model as an alternative method. The proposed model combines the current approach of using PIN and adds another layer of security that uses fingerprint recognition technology. Evaluation of the proposed model shows that it mitigates security vulnerabilities that exist in the current MMA method.
The revised version of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (scared-r): Further evidence for its reliability and validity.

Abstract The revised version of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED-R) is a self-report questionnaire that intends to measure symptoms of childhood anxiety disorders as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). The current article presents three studies which examined in more detail the reliability and validity of the SCARED-R. Study 1 (N=101) demonstrated that the SCARED-R possesses satisfactory test-retest stability. Study 2 (N=71) shows that the child-parent agreement of the SCARED-R is rather low. Study 3 (N=88) provides support for the concurrent validity of the SCARED-R. More specifically, SCARED-R scores were correlated in a meaningful way with scores on the Children's Anxiety Scale, a questionnaire that also measures DSM-defined childhood anxiety symptoms.
Integrated Node Encoder for Labelled Textual Networks

Voluminous works have been implemented to exploit content-enhanced network embedding models, with little focus on the labelled information of nodes. Although TriDNR leverages node labels by treating them as node attributes, it fails to enrich unlabelled node vectors with the labelled information, which leads to the weaker classification result on the test set in comparison to existing unsupervised textual network embedding models. In this study, we design an integrated node encoder (INE) for textual networks which is jointly trained on the structure-based and label-based objectives. As a result, the node encoder preserves the integrated knowledge of not only the network text and structure, but also the labelled information. Furthermore, INE allows the creation of label-enhanced vectors for unlabelled nodes by entering their node contents. Our node embedding achieves state-of-the-art performances in the classification task on two public citation networks, namely Cora and DBLP, pushing benchmarks up by 10.0\% and 12.1\%, respectively, with the 70\% training ratio. Additionally, a feasible solution that generalizes our model from textual networks to a broader range of networks is proposed.
Ex Ante Versus Ex Post Equality of Opportunity

We study the difference between the ex post and the ex ante perspectives in equality of opportunity (EOp), and the possibility of a clash between them. We argue that ex ante EOp is a potential trap because someone motivated by ex post EOp may be led to believe that ex ante EOp is another natural embodiment of the same idea. As we show, it is not. Moreover, we explore the relationship between the ex post/ex ante tension and the well documented clash between the "compensation principle" and various "reward principles": we show that the tension between reward and compensation only exists if one endorses an ex post view of EOp; on the contrary, it vanishes if one adopts an ex ante view of equality of opportunity.
Comparison of therapeutic effects and memory changes with bilateral and unilateral ECT.

The relative merits of bilateral and unilateral electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of depressed patients were investigated in a double-blind clinical comparison. Although most patients who received the unilateral mode of treatment experienced significantly less immediate memory loss, they required an average of one more treatment and two additional days of hospitalization, as compared with the bilaterally treated group. In addition, a wide range of responses was evident among individuals within each treatment group. The authors conclude that neither treatment mode is uniformly superior; the choice should be made in each case on the basis of patient needs and available treatment facilities.
Clinical Trials of Transplant Tolerance: Slow But Steady Progress

The search for tolerance therapies that would thwart the alloimmune response following organ transplantation while preserving a patient's protective immune response has been a formidable goal for clinical immunologists. Over the past few decades, a more detailed understanding of the molecular events associated with T‐cell recognition and activation has demonstrated the feasibility of various tolerance approaches, such as costimulation blockade, in numerous animal models of both autoimmunity and transplantation. Yet, only a few promising new therapies have reached the early stages of human clinical development. In contrast, the use of T‐cell depleting induction therapy has become widespread, and new trials have been designed with immunosuppressive drug withdrawal in mind. Furthermore, nonmyeloablative mixed chimeric approaches have allowed complete immunosuppressive withdrawal in some limited cases. In the course of these investigations, however, what has become increasingly clear is that the distinctions between immunosuppression and tolerance have been blurred as the success and durability of the therapies rely as much on the state of the organ and organism as they do the mechanism of action of the drug. In this review, we provide a summary of the progress and lessons in promoting clinical transplant tolerance and an overview of promising agents.
Obstacles to the treatment of Munchausen by Proxy syndrome.

The Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome, in which a parent makes a child appear to be ill, was first reported in 1977. Although the features of this syndrome have been delineated and the psychodynamics are increasingly well understood, our experience with a new case, expanded review of the literature, and examination of certain follow-up data suggest that there exist important obstacles to the appropriate management of these cases. The obstacles include a failure to appreciate fully the relationship of this syndrome to that of nonaccidental poisoning; the striking symbiotic tie between parent and child that exists in these cases; the characteristic and highly persuasive denial on the part of parents when confronted with the situation; and the understandable skepticism on the part of legal authorities when asked to intervene on behalf of the child. The consulting child psychiatrist has an important role to play to assure that the children and parents involved in these cases (which are probably more numerous then previously recognized) receive appropriate medical and psychologic care and are protected from the apparently high child mortality rate of this serious disease.
Comparison of cancer cells in 2D vs 3D culture reveals differences in AKT–mTOR–S6K signaling and drug responses

ABSTRACT Three-dimensional (3D) cancer models are used as preclinical systems to mimic physiologic drug responses. We provide evidence for strong changes of proliferation and metabolic capacity in three dimensions by systematically analyzing spheroids of colon cancer cell lines. Spheroids showed relative lower activities in the AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and S6K (also known as RPS6KB1) signaling pathway compared to cells cultured in two dimensions. We identified spatial alterations in signaling, as the level of phosphorylated RPS6 decreased from the spheroid surface towards the center, which closely coordinated with the tumor areas around vessels in vivo. These 3D models displayed augmented anti-tumor responses to AKT–mTOR–S6K or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibition compared to those in 2D models. Inhibition of AKT–mTOR–S6K resulted in elevated ERK phosphorylation in 2D culture, whereas under these conditions, ERK signaling was reduced in spheroids. Inhibition of MEK1 (also known as MAP2K1) led to decreased AKT–mTOR–S6K signaling in 3D but not in 2D culture. These data indicate a distinct rewiring of signaling in 3D culture and during treatment. Detached tumor-cell clusters in vessels, in addition to circulating single tumor cells, play a putative role in metastasis in human cancers. Hence, the understanding of signaling in spheroids and the responses in the 3D models upon drug treatment might be beneficial for anti-cancer therapies. Summary: Colon cancer spheroids have decreased AKT–mTOR–S6K activity, spatial differences in signaling intensity as well as differing responses upon inhibition of the AKT–mTOR–S6K or MAPK axes in comparison with 2D cultures.
Algorithms for the analysis of 3D finite strain contact problems

From the constraint imposition aspects in 3D to friction regularization, various ideas are exposed in this paper. A variation of the Rockafellar Lagrangian is proposed which results in continuous second‐order derivatives if Lagrange multiplier estimates are greater or equal than one. This fact allows the adoption of a full second‐order (i.e. Lagrange–Newton) method avoiding sequential unconstrained minimization techniques. An algorithm for global and local contact detection is presented which is developed for dealing with large step sizes typical of implicit methods. A modified constraint definition to deal with non‐smooth situations is presented. Aspects of friction implementation, including a regularization scheme which ensures stepwise objectivity, are detailed. Finally, several illustrative examples are carried out with success. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Categorizing student software designs: Methods, results, and implications

This paper examines the problem of studying and comparing student software designs. We propose semantic categorization as a way to organize widely varying data items. We describe how this was used to organize a particular multi-national, multi-institutional dataset, and present the results of this analysis: most students are unable to effectively design software. We examine how these designs vary with different academic and demographic factors, and discuss the implications of this work on both education and education research.
No difference in the parental origin of susceptibility HLA class II haplotypes among Norwegian patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease affecting genetically susceptible individuals. A major part of the genetic risk is encoded by HLA class II genes. Strong susceptibility is conferred by the DRB1*04-DQA1*03-DQB1*0302 (hereafter called {open_quotes}DR4-DQ8{close_quotes}) and the DRBI*0301-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 (hereafter called {open_quotes}DR3-DQ2{close_quotes}) haplotypes, particularly when they occur together. In an interesting publication it suggests that IDDM patients inherit DR4 from their fathers and DR3 from their mothers more often than vice versa. This has also been suggested elsewhere. Several different mechanisms have been proposed to explain this observation, such as parental imprinting, fetal loss, and maternal effect associated with the presence of the DR3 antigen in the mother. Several studies have shown that children of fathers with IDDM have a higher risk of IDDM than do children of mothers with IDDM. If there is an effect of the parental origin of HLA class II-encoded IDDM susceptibility, this could potentially explain the difference. 19 refs., 2 tabs.
Isolation and Identification of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Stimulatory Compounds from Clover (Trifolium repens) Roots

Two isoflavonoids isolated from clover roots grown under phosphate stress were characterized as formononetin (7-hydroxy,4′-methoxy isoflavone) and biochanin A (5,7-dihydroxy,4′-methoxy isoflavone). At 5 ppm, these compounds stimulated hyphal growth in vitro and root colonization of an undescribed vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza, a Glomus sp. (INVAM-112). The permethylated products of the two compounds were inactive. These findings suggest that the isoflavonoids studied may act as signal molecules in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis.
¿Qué miden las escalas de actitudes?: análisis de un ejemplo para conocer la actitud hacia los residuos urbanos

Cada dia es mayor el numero de trabajos que presentan diversas tecnicas para evaluar uno de los contenidos curriculares mas escurridizo, el de las actitudes. En este articulo se presenta un instrumento -la escala tipo Likert- dirigido a la evaluacion de la actitud de los estudiantes de Secundaria Obligatoria ante los residuos urbanos. A la vez, se comentan los criterios que se han tenido en cuenta para su elaboracion y las caracteristicas de su aplicacion. La exploracion de las actitudes de los alumnos en dos Comunidades Autonomas presenta resultados diferentes y proporciona informacion sobre el interes del cuestionario para reconocer la incidencia de los programas de sensibilizacion ambiental.
[Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS): Validation in a Greek general hospital sample].

UNLABELLED The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has been translated and widely used in several countries to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients with good results. Material-Method The HADS was administered to 521 participants (275 controls and 246 inpatients and outpatients of Internal Medicine and Surgical Departments). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used as "gold standards" for depression and anxiety respectively. Results The HADS presented high internal consistency; Cronbach's α=0.884 (0.829 for anxiety and 0.840 for depression) and stability (test-retest Intraclass Correlation Coefficient 0.944). Factor analysis showed a two-factor structure. The HADS showed high concurrent validity; the correlations of the scale and its subscales with the BDI and the STAI were high (0.722-0.749). CONCLUSIONS The Greek version of HADS showed good psychometric properties and could prove as a good tool for clinicians to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients.
INGESTA DE ALIMENTOS DE ORIGEN ANIMAL VERSUS ORIGEN VEGETAL Y RIESGO CARDIOVASCULAR

El aumento de la mortalidad cardiovascular en el ultimo tiempo esta fuertemente asociado a cambios en los habitos de alimentacion. La dieta occidental caracterizada por una alta ingesta de alimentos de origen animal, presenta mayor riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 (DM 2), hipertension arterial (HTA), aumento de marcadores de disfuncion endotelial y factores protromboticos. La busqueda se realizo en la biblioteca online Pubmed y en referencias de otras revisiones. Los criterios de inclusion fueron: articulos de 1999 en adelante, ensayos clinicos aleatorizados-controlados, estudios caso-control, revisiones sistematicas y meta analisis. En grupos con alto consumo de alimentos de origen vegetal se ha evidenciado una menor morbi-mortalidad cardiovascular, comparado con los grupos con alta ingesta de alimentos de origen animal. La evidencia apoya que la disminucion en el consumo de carnes rojas, grasas saturadas y grasas trans, asi como el aumento en el consumo de cereales integrales, frutas, vegetales y pescado, disminuye la morbi-mortalidad global y cardiovascular.
The Process of Help-Seeking in Anorexia Nervosa: Patients’ Perspective of First Contact With Health Services

In this study we explored circumstances, reflections, and reactions to first treatment contact in 34 women (aged 18–51) diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN) (DSM-IV). Using methods from grounded theory we identified how the meeting came about, what motivated the patients, and how they reacted to the conversation. The results suggest that (a) health care professionals need to demonstrate effective professional communication skills and proficient knowledge about eating disorders in early contacts; (b) treatment goals other than recovery from AN should be explored; and (c) patients’ view of AN as a strategy for increased control and mastery in life may be a topic for discussion in the early contacts.
Isoflurane applied during ischemia enhances intracellular calcium accumulation in ventricular myocytes in part by reactive oxygen species

Background: Isoflurane applied before myocardial ischemia has a beneficial preconditioning effect which involves generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); ROS, however, have been implicated in critical cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i) overload during ischemia. We therefore investigated isoflurane's effects on intracellular Ca2+ handling in ischemic ventricular myocytes and the association with ROS.
Studies on the mechanism of scatter factor. Effects of agents that modulate intracellular signal transduction, macromolecule synthesis and cytoskeleton assembly.

Scatter factor (SF) is a cytokine that causes cohesive epithelial colonies to 'scatter' into isolated cells and stimulates epithelial cell migration. To investigate SF's mechanism(s), we screened agents that modulate various intracellular processes for effects on scattering of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Selected agents were studied in quantitative migration assays using microcarrier beads. Agents that activate the adenylate cyclase (AC) pathway caused mild to moderate inhibition of scattering and migration, while modulators of Ca2+/calmodulin pathways had little effect on scattering. In contrast, phorbol esters (PMA, PDD) and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors (staurosporine, H-7, 7,8-dihydroxychlorpromazine) markedly enhanced and accelerated scattering; PMA and staurosporine also stimulated migration. Diacylglycerol analogues (e.g. diC8), naphthalenesulfonamide PKC activators (SC-9, SC-10) and inactive phorbol esters (e.g. 4a-PDD) did not potentiate scattering, while PKC depletion by 48 h pre-incubation with PMA markedly stimulated scattering. Thus, PMA-enhanced scattering may be related to down-modulation of PKC. Scattering was blocked by inhibitors of protein and RNA but not DNA synthesis; SF- and agent-stimulated migration were ablated by cycloheximide. Scattering and migration were inhibited by an anti-microfilament (cytochalasin B) but not anti-microtubule (e.g. colcemid) agents. These findings suggest that SF-induced epithelial mobility may be mediated, in part, by protein synthesis, alterations in protein phosphorylation (? inhibition of PKC), and actin filament reorganization. They indicate directions for further studies.